bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of Ram-Rajya and Gandhiji's concept of Ram-Rajya as a concept of ideal state in Indian thought
Authors: Mishra Shyam Mohan 
Published: September 2023

The concept of Ram Rajya has always been presented as an ideal state in Indian political thinking. Ram Rajya is such a system in which not only individuals but all living beings, whether movable or immovable or the entire creation, get a life of happiness and peace. Ramrajya as an ideal state has been accepted in the Indian tradition as a better ideal than Plato's ideal political system. It is not without reason that Mahatma Gandhi also calls his Swaraj as Ram Rajya and explains the nature of Ram Rajya. Regarding the nature of Ram Rajya, it is believed in the Indian public mind, especially in the Hindu public mind and to some extent even in the Muslim public mind, that Ram Rajya is a state of justice. Ram Rajya is not related to the theocratic state as is the form of theocratic state in Islamic and Christian traditions. The meaning of religion in the Indian tradition is fundamentally different from the meaning of religion in the Abrahamic tradition. This is the reason that when Gandhiji talks about Ram-Rajya during the freedom movement, the leadership of Muslim League associates it with Hindu theocratic state. Gandhiji clarifies many times that Ram Rajya does not mean Hindu state but Ram Rajya is a state of justice, love and welfare. An attempt has been made to analyze in this research paper what are the similarities and differences between the traditional Indian political thinking about Ramrajya, such as Tulsidas ji's thinking, Valmiki's thinking and Gandhi ji's thinking.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
भारतीय राजनीतिक चिंतन में आदर्श राज्य के रूप में राम राज्य की संकल्पना हमेशा से प्रस्तुत की जाती रही है । राम राज्य एक ऐसी व्यवस्था है जिसमें व्यक्तियों को ही नहीं वरन् समस्त प्राणियों को चाहे भी चर हो या अचर हो या फिर समस्त सृष्टि को ही सुख और शांति का जीवन प्राप्त होता है । आदर्श राज्य के रूप में रामराज्य प्लेटो की आदर्श राजनीतिक व्यवस्था से भी बेहतर आदर्श के रूप में भारतीय परंपरा में स्वीकार किया गया है । अकारण नहीं है महात्मा गांधी भी अपने स्वराज को राम राज्य की संज्ञा देते हैं और राम राज्य के स्वरूप को स्पष्ट करते हैं । राम राज्य के स्वरूप को लेकर भारतीय जन मानस में विशेष रूप से हिंदू जनमानस में एवं कहीं तक मुस्लिम जन मानस में भी यह माना गया है की राम राज्य न्याय का राज्य है। राम राज्य का संबंध धर्मतांत्रिक राज्य से नहीं है जैसा की इस्लामिक एवं इसाई परंपरा में धर्मतांत्रिक राज्य का स्वरूप है । भारतीय परंपरा में धर्म का अर्थ अब्राहमिक परंपरा में धर्म के अर्थ से मौलिक रूप से भिन्न है । यही कारण है कि जब स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के दौरान गांधी जी राम-राज्य की बात करते हैं तो मुस्लिम लीग का नेतृत्व उसे हिंदू धर्मतांत्रिक राज्य के साथ जोड़ देता है । गांधी जी कई बार स्पष्ट करते हैं कि राम राज्य का अर्थ हिंदू राज्य नहीं है वरन राम-राज्य न्याय का , प्रेम का और कल्याण का राज्य है । रामराज्य के बारे में परंपरागत भारतीय राजनीतिक चिंतन में जैसे तुलसीदास जी के चिंतन में वाल्मीकि की चिंतन में और गांधी जी के चिंतन में क्या समानता एवं भेद है इसे इस शोध पत्र में विश्लेषित करने का प्रयास किया गया है।
Keywords: रामराज्य, सत्य, अहिंसा, आदर्श राज्य, लोकतंत्र, स्वराज, लोक कल्याण
Mixed germ cell tumor infiltrating the pineal gland without elevated tumor markers: illustrative case
Authors: Shiomi Koji , Arakawa Yoshiki , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Yamashita Haruki , Terada Yukinori , Tanji Masahiro , Mineharu Yohei , Umeda Katsutsugu , Uto Megumi , Takita Junko , Haga Hironori , Mizowaki Takashi , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND
Tumors in the pineal region consist of various histological types, and correct diagnosis from biopsy specimens is sometimes difficult. The authors report the case of a patient with a mixed germ cell tumor infiltrating into the pineal gland despite showing no elevation of tumor markers.

OBSERVATIONS
An 18-year-old man complained of headache and nausea and showed disturbance of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hydrocephalus associated with a cystic pineal tumor. The patient underwent tumor biopsy followed by endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus in a local hospital. A pineocytoma was diagnosed, and the patient was referred to the authors’ hospital for treatment. Concentrations of placental alkaline phosphatase, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in cerebrospinal fluid were not elevated. However, the authors’ review of the tumor specimen revealed some immature cells infiltrating the pineal gland. These cells were positive for AFP, Sal-like protein 4, and octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4; and the diagnosis was changed to mixed germ cell tumor. Chemoradiotherapy was initiated, followed by surgical removal of the residual tumor.

LESSONS
Careful examination of all tumor specimens and immunohistochemical analyses are important for accurate diagnosis of pineal tumors.
Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage presenting in a patient with vitamin K deficiency and COVID-19: illustrative case
Authors: Ellens Nathaniel R. , Silberstein Howard J. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to cause more severe symptoms in the adult population, but pediatric patients may experience severe neurological symptoms, including encephalopathy, seizures, and meningeal signs. COVID-19 has also been implicated in both ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular events. This virus inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, decreasing angiotensin (1–7), decreasing vagal tone, disrupting blood pressure autoregulation, and contributing to a systemic vascular inflammatory response, all of which may further increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. However, there has only been one reported case of intracranial hemorrhage developing in a pediatric patient with COVID-19.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors discuss the first case of a pediatric patient with COVID-19 presenting with intracranial hemorrhage. This patient presented with lethargy and a bulging fontanelle and was found to have extensive intracranial hemorrhage with hydrocephalus. Laboratory tests were consistent with hyponatremia and vitamin K deficiency. Despite emergency ventriculostomy placement, the patient died of his disease.

LESSONS
This case demonstrates an association between COVID-19 and intracranial hemorrhage, and the authors have described several different mechanisms by which the virus may potentiate this process. This role of COVID-19 may be particularly important in patients who are already at a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage, such as those with vitamin K deficiency.
Adult isocitrate dehydrogenase–mutant brainstem glioma: illustrative case
Authors: Ye Vincent C. , Landry Alexander P. , Purzner Teresa , Kalyvas Aristotelis , Mohan Nilesh , O’Halloran Philip J. , Gao Andrew , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND
Adult brainstem gliomas are rare entities that demonstrate heterogeneous biology and appear to be distinct from both their pediatric counterparts and adult supratentorial gliomas. Although the role of histone 3 mutations is being increasingly understood in this disease, the effect of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations remains unclear, largely because of limited data.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors present the case of a 29-year-old male with an IDH1-mutant, World Health Organization grade III anaplastic astrocytoma in the dorsal medulla, and they provide a review of the available literature on adult IDH-mutant brainstem glioma. The authors have amassed a cohort of 15 such patients, 7 of whom have survival data available. Median survival is 56 months in this small cohort, which is similar to that for IDH wild-type adult brainstem gliomas.

LESSONS
The authors’ work reenforces previous literature suggesting that the role of IDH mutation in glioma differs between brainstem and supratentorial lesions. Therefore, the authors advocate that adult brainstem gliomas be studied in terms of major molecular subgroups (including IDH mutant) because these gliomas may exhibit fundamental differences from each other, from pediatric brainstem gliomas, and from adult supratentorial gliomas.
KONSERVASI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN GERAK LOKOMOTOR ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Mukarromah Omah , Maesaroh Tatu , Imtihanudin Dede 
Published: September 2023

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksperimen dalam rangka mengkonservasi permainan-permainan tradisiona lagar tidak punah karena tergerus oleh arus digitalisasi baik pembelajaran ataupun dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan-kebutuhan hidup orang banyak. Disamping itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana konservasi permainan ini dapat memberikan dapmak pada perkembangan keterampilan gerak lokomotor anak-anak usia dini di wilayah kecamatan Koroncong Kabupaten Pandeglang. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan untuk memahami, menguraikan dan bahkan menjelaskan fenomena sosial yang ada dengan cara menganalisis pengalaman dari individu-individu atau kelompok (misalnya masyarakat,. menganalisis interaksi dan komunikasi setiap individu atau kelompok. menganalisis dokumen- dokumen (misalnya teks, gambar, film atau musik). dari hasil penelitian tampak bahwa pemainan tradisional khusunya permainan kucing tikus dan engklek dapat digunakan sebagai strategi pembelajaran dalam melatih perkembangan keterampilan gerak dasar lokomotor anak-anak usia dini.
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH DASAR DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Muhdar Rahmat , Umanahu Muti 
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) adalah suatu penyakit jenis baru yang belum pernah diidentifikasi sebelumnya menyerang manusia. Mau tidak mau, suka atau tidak, semua pihak mulai guru, orangtua, dan siswa harus siap menjalani kehidupan baru (new normal) lewat pendekatan belajar menggunakan teknologi informasi dan media elektronik agar proses pengajaran dapat berlangsung dengan baik. Pada konteks yanglain, semua pihak diharapkan tetap bisa optimal menjalankan peran barunya dalam proses belajar-mengajar di masa pandemi ini. Mendikbud menilai usai pandemi akan terjadi perubahan besar pada dua sektor sosial, yaitu pendidikan dan kesehatan. Peranan teknologi akan segera mendominasi kedua sektor tersebut, Walau masih tidak ideal dan belum optimal, Mendikbud menilai kombinasi pembelajaran tatap muka dan pembelajaran jarak jauh memiliki potensi yang luar biasa untuk memajukan pendidikan nasional. Namun, Mendikbud mengatakan teknologi secanggih apapun, inovasi sebesar apapun, tidak akan pernah menggantikan peran guru sebagai seorang pendidik Kini guru dan orang tua dituntut supaya membiasakan diri dengan teknologi untuk mencari informasi dan berkomunikasi, ketika siswa harus melakukan belajar dari rumah. Idealnya pembelajaran Pembelajaran Matematika dilakukan secara tatap muka hanya semenjak adanya Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) sehingga pembelajaran dilakukan secara Daring berdasarkan pengamatan awal pada siswa dan orang tua menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami pembelajaran mateamatika secara daring sementara orang tua meresa kesulitan dalam mendampingi anaknya. Oleh karena itu, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Analisis Pembelajaran Matematika Sekolah Dasar di masa Now Normal di SDN 14 Kota Ternate Metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian Kualitatif pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara semi-terstruktur yang dijadikan data primer. Sedangkan data sekunder berupa studi pustaka. Wawancara dilakukan secara semi terstruktur. Wawancara dilakukan menggunakan atau melalui sambungan telepon dengan rata-rata berlangsung selama 12 menit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa proses pembelajaran matematika di SDN 14 Kota Ternate masi menggunakan pembelajaran daring untuk itu memerlukan peran orang tua untuk mengambil tugas anaknya ke sekolah. Berbagai dampak dirasakan oleh guru, peserta didik, maupun orang tua selama pembelajaran daring di tengah pandemi ini, ada yang positif maupun yang negatif
PENGARUH MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SUBTEMA SIKAP KEPAHLAWANAN
Authors: Anwar Wawan Syahiril , A. Gani Resyi , Putri Elsa Savrina 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh penggunaan model discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar subtema sikap kepahlawanan. Metode yang digunakan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimen quasi desain dua grup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penerapan model discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar subtema sikap kepahlawanan. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada hasil N-Gain kelas eksperimen sebesar (74) termasuk kriteria sangat tinggi dengan ketuntasan belajar sebesar 87%, sedangkan pada hasil N-Gain kelas kontrol sebesar (55) termasuk kriteria sedang dengan ketuntasan belajar sebesar 62%. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas IV A dan IV B SD Negeri Puspanegara 03 Kabupaten Bogor berjumlah 59 peserta didik. Dilihat dari hasil perhitungan uji-t dengan taraf signifikan = 5% dengan menggunakan uji-t dua pihak didapatkan nilai thitung 4,570603 > ttabel 2,002465. Dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya adanya perbedaan hasil belajar antara pembelajaran menggunakan model discovery learning dikelas IV B dengan pembelajaran menggunakan model konvensional dikelas IV A pada subtema sikap kepahlawanan di SD Negeri Puspanegara 03 Kabupaten Bogor. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model discovery learning memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar subtema sikap kepahlawanan di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri Puspanegara 03 Kabupaten Bogor Semester Gasal Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022.
STRATEGI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Darif Muhammad , Wahyudin Uyu , Yuhana Yuyu 
Published: September 2023

Abstrak: Penelitian memiliki tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran tentang strategi yang dilakukan kepala sekolah untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di SDN Pengampelan, Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, kepala sekolah SDN Pengampelan menjadi informan kuncinya. Kemudian teknik pengumpulan datanya yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Tahapan pada penelitian ini yaitu pemilihan data, pengkajian, verifikasi dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa strategi yang digunakan oleh kepala Sekolah ialah dengan beberapa strategi yakni pada guru, dengan meningkatkan kualitas guru, meningkatkan prestasi akademik dan non akademik siswa. Sedangkan pada pelaksanaanya yakni melibatkan guru pada kegiatan pelatihan serta seminar, melakukan kegiatan bimbingan belajar (bimbel) di sekolah, remedial khusus dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler berupa ekstrakulikuler olah raga dan seni, serta memberikan jam belajar tambahan kepada siswa yang memiliki nilai kurang baik. Sedangkan dalam peningkatan sarana prasarana kepala sekolah membuat perencanaan sarana yang dibutuhkan, pengadaan dan pemeliharaaan sarana prasarana melalui dana BOS. Abstract: The aim of this research is to describe the strategy used by school principals to improve the quality of education at Pengampelan Elementary School, Banten Province. This study uses a descriptive qualitative, and the principal of SDN Pengampelan acts as the key informant. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. The stages of the research include data selection, data analysis data verification and conclusion drawing. . Based on the reseach findings, it is know that the principal uses several strategies to improve the quality of the education, including improving the quality of teachers, enhacing students’ academic and non-academic achievements. In implementation, the principal involves teacher in the training and seminar activities, provides tutoring at school, special remedial and extracurricular activities in the form of extracurriculars sports and arts as well as providing additional study hours to students who have poor grades. Meanwhile, in improving infrastructure facilities, the school principal plans the required facilities, procures and maintains infrastructure through BOS funds.
Anjing sebagai Tamtsil al-Qur’an dalam Tafsir al-Mishbah Karya M. Quraish Shihab
Authors: Rachmadi Rendy Darmawan , Bustamam Risman , Hanif Akhyar 
Published: September 2023

This study aims to reveal the amtsal about dogs in the Qur'an through the character thematic interpretation method, namely to reveal the interpretation of M. Quraish Shihab about dogs as a tamtsil of the Qur'an in surah al-'Araf verses 176–177 in the Book of Tafsir al-Mishbah. This study found that M. Quraish Shihab used the Tafsir tahlili method. As for the style of tafsir used, namely that is tafsir 'ilmi and adabi ijtima’I, meanwhile the editorial of amtsal contained in the verse is amtsal musharrahah, or a clear amtsal. M. Quraish Shihab interprets that Allah SWT gives the parable of a person who denies the verses of Allah SWT with a dog that always sticks out its tongue, due to the similarity of conditions between dogs and people who always tend to the world and follow their desires.
Analisis Pemanfaatan Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) Sebagai Alat Temu Balik Informasi Bagi Pemustaka Di Perpustakaan Umum Kota Bukittinggi
Authors: Septrina Winda , Manita Rika Jufriazia 
Published: September 2023

Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) sebagai alat temu kembali informasi bagi pengunjung di Perpustakaan Umum Kota Bukitinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasikan pemanfaatan OPAC sebagai alat temu kembali informasi dan untuk mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi pengguna dalam menggunakan OPAC dan upaya untuk mengatasi kendala saat menelusuri informasi menggunakan OPAC di Perpustakaan Umum Kota Bukittinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang penulis gunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini dimulai dengan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian yang penulis temukan bahwa pemanfaatan OPAC sebagai alat pencarian informasi belum digunakan secara optimal, daripada menggunakan OPAC sebagai sarana penelusuran informasi, pemustaka cenderung langsung ke rak buku untuk menelusuri buku yang mereka butuhkan. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pemahaman pengguna dalam menggunakan OPAC sebagai alat temu kembali informasi. Pernyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan OPAC di Perpustakaan Umum Kota Bukittinggi kurang baik, disebabkan ada kendala yang dihadapi pengguna yaitu kendala internal dan eksternal, seperti kurangnya sosialisasi pihak perpustakaan terhadap pengunjung perpustakaan. Ketersedian komputer sebagai sarana untuk mencari informasi masih kurang dan belum ada buku panduan atau petunjuk dalam menggunakan Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC).
Pengukuran Kualitas Citra Menggunakan Aplikasi ImageJ pada Gambaran Vertebra Lumbosacral dengan Proyeksi Lateral Posisi Supine Kasus Low Back Pain (LBP)
Authors: Putri Aristia Wianing 
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to determine the measurement parameters of the imageJ software which can assess the quality of radiographic imae on clinical lumbosacral vertebra examination LBP by using a sample of radiographic image that has been obtained. This research conducted from March to April 2022 at STIKES An Nasher Cirebon.Methods: Study this method uses of pixel values obtained by the device imageJ software on images without any treatment, smoothing, sharpening, and brightness.Result: With the result obtained in smooth treatment did not differ when compared with no treatment an sufficient seen when compared with the sharpen treatment, in the enhance treatment 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1.0%, the higher the enhance value range, the bigger the pixel value and there is no overlap between the enhance values of 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1.0%, and at brightness treatment differences in brightnesss I is not much different from brightness III, except for brightness I and II, the difference is clearly visible in the graphic values.Conclusions: In this study it was found that the results of radiographic image that were treated with smoot, sharpen, enhance, and brightness with no treatment smoot, sharpen, enhance, and better brightness of radiographic image results with smoot, sharpen, enhance, and brightness and can establish a clearer diagnosis.
PROSEDUR PEMERIKSAAN MRI KNEE JOINT DENGAN KASUS CEDERA ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI RS MARDI RAHAYU KUDUS
Authors: Kiranawati Atika Dyah , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Setiawan Agung Nugroho 
Published: September 2023

Background: MRI examination of knee joints with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries at the Radiology Installation of Mardi Rahayu Kudus Hospital using spin echo sequences, including PD_TSE, PD_TSE_fatsat, T1_SE, T2_TSE, and T2_TSE_fatsat, with the addition of STIR, and using DOT engine technology. This study aims to determine the procedures for examining knee joint MRI with cases of ACL injury, as well as the role of the DOT machine in the examination.Methods: This type of research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. The research subject was an MRI examination of the knee joint with ACL injury cases. Data collection is done by using the method of observation, study, and documentation. Data analysis includes data transcription, data reduction, data presentation, as well as discussing and drawing conclusions.Results: The results showed that the STIR sequence was used as a fat comparison. The resulting ACL image is an isointense image. The use of DOT engine technology helps to standardize inspections. The advantages are ease of making cuts, time efficiency, and uniformity of inspection techniques, and not finding operational weaknesses.Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is MRI of the knee joint using spin echo and STIR sequences, with DOT engine method. STIR could be used in certain indications.
MRI Otak Demensia: Protokol RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta
Authors: Hardianto Dedi , Fatimah Fatimah , Jannah Marichatul 
Published: September 2023

Background: The procedure for examining brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical dementia at the Radiology Installation of RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta used T2W, 3D FLAIR, 3D FFE ADNI, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequences. The selection of this sequence was in accordance with the existing references, but was added with the SWI sequence. This study aims to determine the MRI brain examination in clinical dementia and to find out the reason for the addition of the SWI sequence.Methods: This type of research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. Data was collected by observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of data transcription, data reduction, data presentation and carried out discussions and drawing conclusions.Results: The results of the study stated that the measurement of brain volume was carried out by entering the raw data of the T1 FFE ADNI sequence image into the freesurfer software which was useful for assessing Alzheimer's dementia.Conclusions: The diagnosis is made by looking for bleeding and microbleeding using the SWI sequence in assessing vascular dementia. SWI sequences are useful in differentiating between calcification and microbleeding causing vascular dementia.