bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequality in Educational Transitions During Secondary School: Results from the German National Educational Panel Study
Authors: Wohlkinger Florian , Ditton Hartmut 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe German educational system generally allows for transitions between different types of secondary school. This so called ‘openness’ is supposed to enable a correction of misallocated students and thereby respond appropriately to delays in the improvement of children’s academic performance. Both transition directions are feasible: downward movements from upper to lower types of secondary school and upward movements from lower to upper types of secondary school. This research aims to determine whether transitions in secondary schooling exhibit patterns of social selectivity. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study, we begin our analyses with an overview of the initial distribution of students over the different types of secondary school. Afterwards, we distinguish different transitions from different initial types of secondary school. We compare the various subgroups in terms of several factors that are well known to be related to educational inequalities. Results confirm that even after controlling for performance, transitions during secondary schooling are linked to students’ social background and gender.
Cytotoxicity of CD19-CAR-NK92 cells is primarily mediated via perforin/granzyme pathway
Authors: Althaus Jonas , Nilius-Eliliwi Verena , Maghnouj Abdelouahid , Döring Sascha , Schroers Roland , Hudecek Michael , Hahn Stephan A. , Mika Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have improved cancer immunotherapy in recent years. Immune cells, such as Natural killer cells (NK-cells) or T cells, are used as effector cells in CAR-therapy. NK92-cells, a cell line with known cytotoxic activity, are of particular interest in CAR-therapy since culturing conditions are simple and anti-tumor efficacy combined with a manageable safety profile was proven in clinical trials. The major pathways of immune effector cells, including NK92-cells, to mediate cytotoxicity, are the perforin/granzyme and the death-receptor pathway. Detailed knowledge of CAR-effector cells’ cytotoxic mechanisms is essential to unravel resistance mechanisms, which potentially arise by resistance against apoptosis-inducing signaling. Since mutations in apoptosis pathways are frequent in lymphoma, the impact on CAR-mediated cytotoxicity is of clinical interest. In this study, knockout models of CD19-CAR-NK92 cells were designed, to investigate cytotoxic pathways in vitro. Knockout of perforin 1 (Prf1) and subsequent abrogation of the perforin/granzyme pathway dramatically reduced the cytotoxicity of CD19-CAR-NK92 cells. In contrast, knockout of FasL and inhibition of TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligands) did not impair cytotoxicity in most conditions. In conclusion, these results indicate the perforin/granzyme pathway as the major pathway to mediate cytotoxicity in CD19-CAR-NK92 cells.
Hyper non-CG methylation of expanded plant disease resistance NLR genes
Authors: Cao Qianqian , Wang Shichao , Ma Huizhen , Luo Sha , He Hai , Zhang Yu 
Published: April 2023

Key messageWe explored the phylogenomics and methylomics of NLR genes in 41 plant species and found that highly duplicated plant NLR genes are hyper methylated in non-CG context.
The influence of interradicular anatomy on the predictability of periodontal regenerative therapy of furcation defects: a retrospective, multicenter clinical study
Authors: Limiroli Enrico , Calò Andrea , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Eickholz Peter , Katayama Akihiko , Majzoub Jad , Wong Jennifer , McClain Pamela , Cortinovis Ivan , Rasperini Giulio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The relationship between the anatomy of the interradicular space and success in regenerative therapy of furcation defects is discussed in this paper. The goal of this retrospective, multicenter clinical study is to clinically evaluate the relationship between the interradicular conformation and regenerative therapy success with the use of a novel measurement method.

Methods
One hundred thirty-eight radiographs of mandibular molars with furcation defects that had been treated with regenerative therapy were collected from six clinical centers. Data on the type of therapy and clinical parameters before and after treatment (follow-up of at least 12 months) were collected. The radiographs (before surgery and at least 12 months postoperatively) were measured with a visual evaluation method by a blind operator using graphics software.

Results
Success, defined as a reduction in horizontal and vertical furcation involvement, decrease in probing depths, and increase in clinical attachment level, was statistically assessed on 138 regenerated molars sites and were related to clinical variables such as age, sex, center, and treatment. No correlation was found between success in regenerative therapy and the conformation of the interradicular space, measured with a visual ratio method and a standard linear measurement.
At the univariate analysis, the parameters that had a correlation with success were center, extent of furcation involvement, treatment, and sex. The use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) seemed to be the most favorable therapy, with increase in CAL gain and reduction of vertical or horizontal furcation involvement.

Conclusions
The regenerative outcome was not significantly influenced by the anatomy of furcation. The center, the degree of furcation involvement, sex, and treatment (EMD) were significantly associated with higher success of periodontal regeneration.
Microichthys grandis, a new species of deepwater cardinalfish from off Ireland, northeastern Atlantic Ocean (Teleostei: Epigonidae)
Authors: Fricke Ronald , Couperus Bram 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroichthys grandis n. sp. from off southwest Ireland, northeastern Atlantic Ocean, is described on the basis of a single specimen and compared with the other species of the genus. The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays VII–I, vii, 1; total pectoral-fin rays 18; total gill rakers 25; pyloric caeca 3; pored lateral-line scales 41 + 2; vomerine teeth 6, in a single row; denticles on posterior margin of preopercle 3, on lower margin 3; nape not humped; bony rim of orbit raised above dorsal profile; ridge present in interorbital region; lateral line gradually running towards midline of body, crossing last dark lateral bar above its centre; oblique dark lateral bars 20, lower counter-bars 12; vertical black bar on caudal peduncle present, together with another black bar below the end of the second dorsal fin; peritoneum silvery; pelvic fin short than head length; pelvic fins black. With 54.5 mm SL, this is the largest species of the genus. A revised key to the species of Microichthys is presented.
Modeling changes in ice dynamics and subsurface thermal structure in Lake Michigan-Huron between 1979 and 2021
Authors: Cannon David , Fujisaki-Manome Ayumi , Wang Jia , Kessler James , Chu Philip 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The world’s largest lakes, including the Laurentian Great Lakes, have experienced significant surface warming and loss of ice cover over the last several decades. Although changing surface conditions have received substantial research interest, changes below the surface remain largely unexplored, despite their importance for turbulent mixing, nutrient cycling, and primary production. In this study, we investigate changes in subsurface thermal structure and timing in Lake Michigan-Huron related to ongoing climate warming. This work utilizes atmospheric reanalysis data to drive the Great Lakes Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (GL-FVCOM), providing three-dimensional hydrodynamic and ice simulations between 1979 and 2021. Results are used to analyze trends in ice and temperature dynamics, revealing significant changes in annually averaged ice cover (− 2.1– − 5.2%/decade), ice thickness (− 0.68 – − 2.0 cm/decade), surface temperature (+ 0.47– + 0.51 $$^\circ{\rm C}$$

∘

C

/decade), and bottom temperature (+ 0.26– + 0.29 $$^\circ{\rm C}$$

∘

C

/decade) over the last 40 years, especially in ecologically important bays (e.g., Green Bay, Saginaw Bay). Significant warming was observed at all depth layers (0–270 m), with warming trends in the epilimnion and hypolimnion that agreed well with recent analysis of observational data in Lake Michigan. Shifting stratification dynamics led to dramatic changes in modelled overturning behavior, and earlier spring turnover dates (− 2.2– − 7.5 days/decade) and later fall turnover dates (+ 2.5– + 6.3 days/decade) led to a net lengthening of the stratified period. This study presents one of the most comprehensive analyses of changes in Great Lakes subsurface temperatures to date, providing important context for future climate modelling and coastal management efforts in the region.
A multi-dimensional non-homogeneous Markov chain of order K to jointly study multi-pollutant exceedances
Authors: Gallegos-Herrada Marco A. , Rodrigues Eliane R. , Tarumoto Mario H. , Tzintzun Guadalupe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work we consider a multivariate non-homogeneous Markov chain of order $$K \ge 0$$

K
≥
0

to study the occurrences of exceedances of environmental thresholds. In the model, $$d \ge 1$$

d
≥
1

pollutants may be observed and, according to their respective environmental thresholds, a pollutant’s concentration measurement may be considered an exceedance or not. The parameters of the model are the order of the chain, and its initial and transition distributions. These parameters are estimated under the Bayesian point of view with the maximum a posteriori and leave-one-out cross validation methods used to estimate the order. In the case of the initial and transition probabilities, the estimation is made through samples generated using their respective posterior distributions. Once these parameters are obtained, we may estimate the probability of having no, one or more pollutants exceeding the associated environmental thresholds. This is made using the Markov property as well as a recurrence formula. Results are applied to the case where $$d = 2$$

d
=
2

which will correspond to ozone and particulate matter with diameter smaller than 10 microns (PM$$_{10}$$

10

) measurements obtained from the Mexico City monitoring network.
Assessing Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours in Online-Sampled Autistic and Non-autistic Individuals: Factor Structure of the Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A)
Authors: Brett Jack D. , Peden Brooke , Preece David A. , Whitehouse Andrew , Becerra Rodrigo , Maybery Murray T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A) measures two factors of restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) associated with autism. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides four criteria for RRBs: repetitive motor behaviours, insistence on sameness, restricted interests, and interest in sensory aspects of the environment (or atypical sensitivity). The current paper aimed to examine whether the RBQ-2A is a psychometrically sound measure of these four factors. Study 1 had university students (N = 368) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and revealed that the RBQ-2A can assess the factors highlighted in the DSM-5 and that these four factors comprise a general RRB construct. Study 2 had individuals disclosing a diagnosis of autism (N = 283) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and supported that this four-factor structure provided good psychometric properties. While the current paper provides findings for an online autistic population, further research is needed to generalize these findings to autistic individuals less likely to partake in online studies (e.g., those with intellectual or language disabilities). Overall, the results suggest that the RBQ-2A reliably and validly assesses RRBs.
Erfahrungswissen in der Pflege – Chancen partizipativer Aktionsforschung und diskriminierungssensibler Technikentwicklung
Authors: Richter Caroline , Draude Claude 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Umgang mit den Herausforderungen durch fortschreitende Digitalisierung in der Pflege stellt das Erfahrungswissen von Pflegenden und Pflegebedürftigen eine bedeutsame immaterielle Ressource dar. Sie müssen in ihrem Alltag mit der Beherrschung von Komplexität und Handhabung von Unwägbarkeiten umgehen und können als Praxis‑, Nutzungs- und Bedarfsspezialist*innen die Anforderungen an Zugang, Nutzung und Gestaltung von Technologien am besten einschätzen.Trotzdem bestehen zwischen Pflegepraxis und Forschung der Pflegewissenschaft Lücken und es gelingt oft nicht, die Ergebnisse von Forschung und Entwicklung in der Pflege erfolgversprechend mit der pflegerischen Alltagspraxis zu verbinden und Ergebnisse zu überführen. Einen wichtigen Grund sehen wir in der fehlenden Multiperspektivität und Partizipation von Forschung und Entwicklung, deren Prozesse häufig von der sozialen Praxis der Akteur*innen (Pflegenden und Pflegebedürftigen) entkoppelt sind. Dieser von uns konstatierte Vermittlungsbedarf kann sich durch Digitalisierungsprozesse verschärfen, wenn Praxiswissen nicht in die Gestaltung einfließt; wird Praxiswissen jedoch soziotechnisch geleitet einbezogen, entsteht zugleich eine Chance, die Position und Gestaltungsmacht von Pflegenden und Pflegebedürftigen aufzuwerten.Das „Gender Extended Research and Development Model“ (GERD-Modell) stellt Übersetzungswissen bereit, welches intersektionale Geschlechterforschung mit Informatikforschung und -entwicklung verschränkt. Das Modell rekonfiguriert Technikentwicklung als soziotechnisch und zielt auf Diskriminierungsfreiheit, Emanzipation und breite gesellschaftliche Partizipation bei Digitalisierungsprozessen ab. In diesem konzeptionell angelegten Beitrag diskutieren wir am Beispiel des GERD-Modells in der Nutzung für die Pflege den Mehrwert, aber auch Herausforderungen soziotechnischer Perspektiven.
Validation of a rapid analysis to determine sodium chloride levels in canned tomatoes
Authors: Dini Irene , Di Lorenzo Ritamaria , Senatore Antonello , Coppola Daniele , Laneri Sonia , Mancusi Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe EU food safety policy aims to ensure a high level of safety at all stages of the production and distribution of food products marketed in the ‘EU, whether produced within the Union or imported from third countries. Sodium chloride, nitric acid, and calcium chloride are the only additives allowed in the production of canned tomatoes. NaCl is a dehydrating agent. Its level must not exceed 3% in canned tomatoes. In official analyses, the Volhard test is employed to measure its levels. Unfortunately, this method is very laborious and does not allow the daily analysis of many samples. In this work, to meet the needs of commodity laboratories, which have to analyze many samples daily, an automated colorimetric test that can determine sodium chloride in canned tomatoes was validated in terms of linearity, the limit of detection and quantification, measured range, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The automatized colorimetric method showed precision, accuracy, and recovery (≥ 95%) statistically equivalent to the Vohlard test. Therefore, it can use for the routine analysis of chlorides in canned tomatoes streamlining analytical laboratories’ work.
Nanotechnologische Pflanzenviren
Authors: Kauth Louisa , Dickmeis Christina , Schuphan Juliane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) have advantages for applications in biomedicine and materials science due to their safety, biocompatibility and versatility. They are used to display functional amino acids or small peptides via coat protein fusions, but assembly of VNPs is strongly influenced by certain modifications. These limitations can be circumvented byplug-and-displaysystems. Combination with optogenetic proteins allows the design of VNP shuttles for spatially directed distribution of proteins.
Antimicrobial study and biosorption of Pb2+ ions onto chitosan-walnut composites: mechanistic studies and neuro-fuzzy modeling approach
Authors: Bamisaye Abayomi , Adesina Morenike O. , Alfred Moses O. , Idowu Mopelola Abidemi , Adeleke Oluwatobi , Adegoke Kayode Adesina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe upsurge in the discharge of lead ions (Pb2+) into the environs resulting from various anthropogenic activities vis-vis its adverse effect on public health is a call for great concern. However, the adsorption technique, amongst other heavy metal removal methods, is regarded as the most promising. The present study synthesized a walnut shell-chitosan composite (WNS-CH) as an efficient biosorbent for Pb2+ uptake and biofilter of Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. WNS-CH was characterized using SEM and FTIR. Furthermore, an intelligent and cost-effective machine learning model, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy model clustered with the grid-partitioning (GP), and fuzzy c-means (FCM) technique were developed to predict the adsorption of Pb2+ based on relevant input parameters. The batch adsorption was carried out by varying operating parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial adsorbate concentration. The SEM images of WNS-CH showed a homogenous regular hollow ellipsoidal morphologies, while FTIR spectra showed the presence of O-H, N-H, C-N, and C-O. Under the conditions of initial pH 10, dosage 45 mg, and temperature of 40 °C, an adsorption efficiency of 94 % was obtained. The thermodynamic parameters, ∆H° and ∆G°, showed an endothermic and spontaneous process for Pb2+ uptake. Antibacterial activities of the WNS-CH composite showed bioactivity against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a mean ZI of 5.3±1.16 and 6.0 ±1.00, respectively. The experimental data was best described by Freundlich isotherm (R2= 0.9509) and pseudo-first-order kinetic (R2= 0.9674) models indicating chemisorption and multilayer adsorption process. The best prediction of Pb2+ adsorption was obtained with the optimal GP-clustered ANFIS model using a triangular membership function (triMF), giving Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and correlation determination (R1) values of 1.217, 0.563, 1.698, and 0.9966 respectively at the testing phase. The GP-ANFIS model shows good agreement with experimental results. This study revealed that WNS-CH composite could be regarded as a promising biosorbent for the remediation of Pb2+-polluted wastewater. The cost analysis demonstrated that the WNS-CH composite could serve as an alternative to commercial activated carbon.
Cortical representation of musical pitch in event-related potentials
Authors: Kim Taehyoung , Chung Miyoung , Jeong Eunju , Cho Yang Seok , Kwon Oh-Sang , Kim Sung-Phil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeural coding of auditory stimulus frequency is well-documented; however, the cortical signals and perceptual correlates of pitch have not yet been comprehensively investigated. This study examined the temporal patterns of event-related potentials (ERP) in response to single tones of pitch chroma, with an assumption that these patterns would be more prominent in musically-trained individuals than in non-musically-trained individuals. Participants with and without musical training (N = 20) were presented with seven notes on the C major scale (C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, and B4), and whole-brain activities were recorded. A linear regression analysis between the ERP amplitude and the seven notes showed that the ERP amplitude increased or decreased as the frequency of the pitch increased. Remarkably, these linear correlations were anti-symmetric between the hemispheres. Specifically, we found that ERP amplitudes of the left and right frontotemporal areas decreased and increased, respectively, as the pitch frequency increased. Although linear slopes were significant in both groups, the musically-trained group exhibited marginally steeper slope, and their ERP amplitudes were most discriminant for frequency of tone of pitch at earlier latency than in the non-musically-trained group (~ 460 ms vs ~ 630 ms after stimulus onset). Thus, the ERP amplitudes in frontotemporal areas varied according to the pitch frequency, with the musically-trained participants demonstrating a wider range of amplitudes and inter-hemispheric anti-symmetric patterns. Our findings may provide new insights on cortical processing of musical pitch, revealing anti-symmetric processing of musical pitch between hemispheres, which appears to be more pronounced in musically-trained people.
Manufacturing Flexibility through Industry 4.0 Technological Concepts—Impact and Assessment
Authors: Höse Kristina , Amaral Afonso , Götze Uwe , Peças Paulo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is an ever-growing need for companies and manufacturing systems to be flexible in order for them to adapt to the rapid changes and increasing uncertainty in society, markets, and supply chains. Several studies suggest that Industry 4.0 solutions foster shorter innovation/development cycles, resource efficiency, individualization on demand, faster decision making, and, finally, higher flexibility in production. However, little is still known about the relationship between Industry 4.0 and manufacturing flexibility. One of the existing gaps in the literature is the lack of a methodology to assess the potential impact of Industry 4.0 solutions on manufacturing flexibility and companies’ profitability. This paper contributes to closing such a gap from a theoretical perspective. First, it conceptualized the role of flexibility in manufacturing systems. Then, the relationship between Industry 4.0 solutions and manufacturing flexibility was analyzed on a conceptual level, in which the I–T–O model was used to distinguish between the needed and available flexibility. Lastly, based on a decision-theory-based procedure model, a methodological approach for evaluating Industry 4.0 solutions is suggested. This methodological approach is intended to support transparent assessments tailored to different technological concepts as well as the affected types of flexibility (available and needed). It is able to integrate existing methods from decision and investment appraisal theory as well as specific flexibility-related approaches. The results of the paper will be useful for both academicians and practitioners. Besides enabling quantitative evaluations, the methodological approach can be used by companies as a structured path to explore the possible ways they can increase their manufacturing flexibility.