bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Nav1.6 current drives spinal locomotor functions through nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Drouillas Benoit , Brocard Cécile , Zanella Sébastien , Bos Rémi , Brocard Frédéric 
Published: April 2023

SummaryPersistent sodium current (INaP) in the spinal locomotor network promotes two distinct nonlinear firing patterns: a self-sustained spiking triggered by a brief excitation in bistable motoneurons and bursting oscillations in interneurons of the central pattern generator (CPG). Here, we identified the NaV channels responsible forINaPand their role in motor behaviors. We report the axonalNav1.6as the main molecular player forINaPin lumbar motoneurons. The motoneuronal inhibition ofNav1.6, but not ofNav1.1, impairsINaP, bistability, postural tone and locomotor performance. In interneurons of the CPG region,Nav1.6withNav1.1equally mediateINaPand the inhibition of both channels is required to abolish oscillatory bursting activities and the locomotor rhythm. Overall,Nav1.6plays a significant role both in posture and locomotion by governingINaP-dependent bistability in motoneurons and working in tandem withNav1.1to provideINaP-dependent rhythmogenic properties of the CPG.
Pyro: A Comprehensive Pipeline for Eukaryotic Genome Assembly
Authors: Southwood Dean , Rane Rahul V. , Lee Siu Fai , Oakeshott John G. , Ranganathan Shoba 
Published: April 2023

1AbstractThe assembly of reference-quality, chromosome-level genomes for both model and novel eukaryotic organisms is an increasingly achievable task for single research teams. However, the broad variety of sequencing technologies, assembly algorithms, and post-assembly processing tools currently available means that there is no clear consensus on a best-practice computational protocol for eukaryoticde novogenome assembly. An ever-increasing field of algorithms and packages with unique parameters, setup requirements, and environments makes it difficult for groups to pick up and test new tools, despite potential benefits. Here, we present a comprehensive Snakemake-based pipeline for eukaryotic genome assembly,Pyro, to further assist futurede novoassembly and benchmarking projects.Pyrocombines 20 assembly and eight polishing packages, comprising 30 different assembly approaches and up to 48 different polishing approaches in combination. These are available across Illumina short-read, Nanopore and PacBio CLR long-read technologies in one container, complete with data preparation, quality metric calculation and result reporting. We demonstratePyroeffectiveness by runningPyroon publicly available Illumina, Nanopore and PacBio CLR read sets forArabidopsis thaliana, producing 12 candidate assembly options with minimal initial input or configuration, each with extremely high contiguity and completeness.Pyrois highly customizable to expert needs, while also providing an accessible suggested set of tools for more casual users based on simple inputs.Pyrois available as a Singularity container suitable for execution on any Unix-compatible OS, and is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/genomeassembler/pyro). This pipeline provides a one-stop solution for a variety ofde novoeukaryotic genome assembly needs, and will also assist in the assessment of new tools as a convenient benchmark-generating platform.
Enhancing the efficacy of neonicotinoids against mosquitoes and overcoming resistance issues
Authors: Ashu Fred A. , Fouet Caroline , Ambadiang Marilene M. , Penlap-Beng Véronique , Kamdem Colince 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundNeonicotinoids are potential alternatives for targeting pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, but their efficacy against malaria vector populations of Sub-Saharan Africa has yet to be investigated. Here we tested and compared the efficacy of four neonicotinoids alone or in combination with a synergist against two major vectors ofPlasmodium.ResultsUsing standard bioassays, we first assessed the lethal toxicity of three active ingredients against adults of two susceptibleAnophelesstrains and we determined discriminating doses for monitoring susceptibility in wild populations. We then tested the susceptibility of 5532Anophelesmosquitoes collected from urban and rural areas of Yaoundé, Cameroon, to discriminating doses of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam. We found that in comparison with some public health insecticides, neonicotinoids have high lethal concentration, LC99, reflecting their low toxicity toAnophelesmosquitoes. In addition to this reduced toxicity, resistance to the four neonicotinoids tested was detected inAn. gambiaepopulations collected from agricultural areas where larvae are intensively exposed to crop-protection neonicotinoids. However, adults of another major vector that occurred in urbanized settings,An. coluzzii, were fully susceptible to neonicotinoids except acetamiprid for which 80% mortality was obtained within 72 h of insecticide exposure. Importantly, the cytochrome inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), was very effective in enhancing the activity of clothianidin and acetamiprid providing opportunities to create potent neonicotinoid formulations againstAnopheles.ConclusionThese findings suggest that to successfully repurpose agricultural neonicotinoids for malaria vector control, it is essential to use formulations containing synergists such as PBO or surfactants to ensure optimal efficacy.
Mortality among persons with HIV in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-level analysis
Authors: Viguerie Alex , Song Ruiguang , Bosh Karin , Lyles Cynthia M. , Farnham Paul G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhether COVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on mortality among persons with diagnosed HIV (PWDH) in United States is unclear. Through our macro-scale analysis, we seek to better understand how COVID-19 and subsequent behavioral changes affected mortality among PWDH.MethodsWe obtained mortality and population size data for the years 2018-2020 from the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) for the PWDH population aged ≥13 years in the United States, and from publicly available data for the general population. We computed mortality rates and excess mortality for both the general and PWDH populations. Stratifications by age, race/ethnicity, and sex-at birth were considered. For each group, we determined whether the 2020 mortality rates and mortality risk ratio showed a statistically significant change from 2018-2019.ResultsMortality rates increased in 2020 from 2018-2019 across the general population in all groups. Among PWDH, mortality rates either increased, or showed no statistically significant change. The mortality risk ratio between PWDH and the general population decreased 7.7% in 2020. Approximately 1550 excess deaths occurred among PWDH in 2020, with Black, Hispanic/Latino and PWDH above 55 and older representing the majority of excess deaths.ConclusionsWhile mortality rates among PWDH increased in 2020 relative to 2018-2019, the increases were smaller than those observed in the general population. This suggests that COVID-19 and resulting behavioral changes among PWDH did not result in disproportionate mortality among PWDH. These findings suggest that COVID-19, and any associated indirect effects, do not represent a proportionally greater risk for PWDH compared to the general population.
How clean is clean? In-vitro comparison of biofilm removal efficacy and cleaning characteristics of three debridement pads
Authors: Liepins B. , Tauscher C. , Panhölzl C. , Leeb T. , Häusler C. , Rohrer C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to elucidate the effectiveness of soft debridement in cleaning wounds varying in size and type of exudate and in creating/maintaining a window of opportunity for the wound to be able to heal.MethodsThis study presents a standardised in-vitro comparison of three different debridement pads based on the defined composition of exudate and standardised cleaning protocol followed by an robotic cleaning arm. Three important cleaning characteristics (fluid holding capacity, cleaning efficacy/capacity) and the biofilm removal efficacy of wounds varying in size and composition and viscosity of exudate were assessed.ResultsAll three debridement pads tested showed the ability to clean small to large wounds with different types of exudate (serous/fibrinous) as well as to remove biofilm cells to some extent. Long and dense fibres are favourable when it comes to taking up and holding onto exudate while shorter fibres help to break open harder to clean wounds.ConclusionA balance between fluid holding capacity and cleaning efficacy/capacity is important in order to achieve the best overall results and successfully remove exudate as well as biofilm cells from small to large wounds with different types of exudate. This in turn has a potential influence on the microenvironment of the wound.Key pointsThe right balance between the parameters tested in this study is crucial for a successful biofilm removal.The type of exudate (serous, fibrinous) has an influence on the cleaning efficacy/capacity of debridement pads.Soft debridement is able to remove biofilm cells and devitalized tissue as well as dead cells, exudate, proteins etc.Good cleaning efficacies without the ability to take up and hold onto exudate, protein and cells are not sufficient for the successful removal of biofilm.
A parabrachial-hypothalamic parallel circuit governs cold defense in mice
Authors: Yang Wen Z. , Xie Hengchang , Du Xiaosa , Zhou Qian , Xiao Yan , Zhao Zhengdong , Jia Xiaoning , Xu Jianhui , Zhang Wen , Cai Shuang , Li Zhangjie , Fu Xin , Hua Rong , Cai Junhao , Chang Shuang , Sun Jing , Sun Hongbin , Xu Qingqing , Ni Xinyan , Tu Hongqing , Zheng Ruimao , Xu Xiaohong , Wang Hong , Fu Yu , Wang Liming , Li Xi , Yang Haitao , Yao Qiyuan , Yu Tian , Shen Qiwei , Shen Wei L. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThermal homeostasis is vital for mammals and is controlled by brain neurocircuits. Remarkable advances have been made in understanding how neurocircuits centered in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA), the brain’s thermoregulation center, control warm defense, whereas mechanisms by which the POA regulates cold defense remain unclear. Here, we confirmed that the pathway from the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) to the POA, is critical for cold defense. Parallel to this pathway, we uncovered that a pathway from the LPB to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), namely the LPB→DMH pathway, is also essential for cold defense. Projection-specific blockings revealed that both pathways provide an equivalent and cumulative contribution to cold defense, forming a parallel circuit. Specifically, activation of the LPB→DMH pathway induced strong cold-defense responses, including increases in thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT), muscle shivering, heart rate, and physical activity. Further, we identified a subpopulation of somatostatin+neurons in the LPB that target the DMH to promote BAT thermogenesis. Therefore, we reveal a parabrachial-hypothalamic parallel circuit in governing cold defense in mice. This not only enables resilience to hypothermia but also provides a scalable and robust network in heat production, reshaping our understanding of how neural circuits regulate essential homeostatic behaviors.
The influence of axonal beading and undulation on axonal diameter mapping
Authors: Lee Hong-Hsi , Tian Qiyuan , Sheft Maxina , Coronado-Leija Ricardo , Ramos-Llorden Gabriel , Abdollahzadeh Ali , Fieremans Els , Novikov Dmitry S. , Huang Susie Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider the effect of non-cylindrical axonal shape on axonal diameter mapping with diffusion MRI. Practical sensitivity to axon diameter is attained at strong diffusion weightingsb, where the deviation from thescaling yields the finite transverse diffusivity, which is then translated into axon diameter. While axons are usually modeled as perfectly straight, impermeable cylinders, the local variations in diameter (caliber variation or beading) and direction (undulation) have been observed in microscopy data of human axons. Here we quantify the influence of cellular-level features such as caliber variation and undulation on axon diameter estimation. For that, we simulate the diffusion MRI signal in realistic axons segmented from 3-dimensional electron microscopy of a human brain sample. We then create artificial fibers with the same features and tune the amplitude of their caliber variations and undulations. Numerical simulations of diffusion in fibers with such tunable features show that caliber variations and undulations result in under- and over-estimation of axon diameters, correspondingly; this bias can be as large as 100%. Given that increased axonal beading and undulations have been observed in pathological tissues, such as traumatic brain injury and ischemia, the interpretation of axon diameter alterations in pathology may be significantly confounded.
SARS-CoV-2 utilization of ACE2 from different bat species allows for virus entry and replicationin vitro
Authors: Briggs Kelsey , Sweeney Ryan , Blehert David S. , Spackman Erica , Suarez David L. , Kapczynski Darrell R. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is believed to have a zoonotic origin. Bats are a suspected natural host of SARS-CoV-2 because of sequence homology with other bat coronaviruses. Understanding the origin of the virus and determining species susceptibility is essential for managing the transmission potential during a pandemic. In a previous study, we established anin vitroanimal model of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and replication in a non-permissive avian fibroblast cell line (DF1) based on expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) from different animal species. In this work, we express the ACE2 of seven bat species in DF1 cells and determine their ability to support attachment and replication of the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan lineage virus, as well as two variants, Delta and Lambda. We demonstrate that the ACE2 receptor of all seven species: little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), great roundleaf bat (Hipposideros armiger), Pearson’s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pearsonii), greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis), Egyptian rousette (Rousettus aegyptiacus), and Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus), made the DF1 cells permissible to the three isolates of SARS-CoV-2. However, the level of virus replication differed between bat species and variant tested. In addition, the Wuhan lineage SARS-CoV-2 virus replicated to higher titers (104.5-105.5TCID50) than either variant virus (103.5-104.5TCID50) on pass 1. Interestingly, all viruses tested grew to higher titers (approximately 106TCID50) when cells expressed the human ACE2 gene compared to bat ACE2. This study provides a practicalin vitromethod for further testing of animal species for potential susceptibility to current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
Impaired H19 lncRNA expression contributes to the compromised developmental angiogenesis in EVL-deficient mice
Authors: Zink Joana , Frömel Timo , Boon Reinier A. , Fleming Ingrid , Benz Peter M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEndothelial tip cells are essential for VEGF-induced angiogenesis, but underlying mechanisms are elusive. Endothelial-specific deletion of EVL, a member of the mammalian Ena/VASP protein family, reduced the expression of the tip cell marker protein endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (Esm1) and compromised the radial sprouting of the vascular plexus in the postnatal mouse retina. The latter effects could at least partly be attributed to reduced VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) internalization and signaling but the underlying mechanisms(s) are not fully understood. In the present study, we revealed that the expression of the long non-coding RNA H19 was significantly reduced in endothelial cells from postnatal EVL-/-mice and in siRNA-transfected human endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions. H19 was recently shown to promote VEGF expression and bioavailability via Esm1 and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Similar to EVL-/-mice, the radial outgrowth of the vascular plexus was significantly delayed in the postnatal retina of H19-/-mice. In summary, our data suggests that loss of EVL not only impairs VEGFR2 internalization and downstream signaling, but also impairs VEGF expression and bioavailability in the hypoxic retina via downregulation of lncRNA H19.
Adoption of food delivery apps during a crisis: exploring an extended technology adoption model
Authors: Arora Meenal , Gupta Jaya , Mittal Amit 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This study aims to provide insight into consumer behavior regarding the use of food delivery apps when making purchases. To investigate the primary elements affecting users' intentions to use meal delivery applications, this study suggests an extension to the technology acceptance model through some contextual variable such as “various food choices (VFC),” “trust (TRR),” “perception of COVID-19-related risks (PCR)” and “convenience (CONV)” during the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional data of 407 was collected in the Indian context. This research adopts the covariance-based structural modeling approach to test the hypotheses along with hierarchical regression to predict the efficiency of constructs.

Findings
Considering the outcomes, “perceived usefulness (PU)” was positively influenced by “perceived ease of use (PEOU),” “VFC” and “CONV.” In addition, the attitude (ATT) was positively impacted by “PU,” “TRR” and “PEOU.” Nevertheless, “PCR” negatively influenced ATT. In additional, this research illustrates the positive impact of ATT and PU on behavioral intention to use.

Originality/value
By confirming the technology acceptance model's capacity for explanation in relation to food delivery apps, this study adds to the body of knowledge. The primary focus of this study is on determining the direct impact of the identified determinants on the adoption of food delivery applications within the context of a pandemic situation in developing countries.
Prostitution in America’s industrial and progressive eras: a “dirty work” perspective on creating positive self-identities
Authors: Day Nancy Evelyn 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Dirty workers occupy jobs and perform tasks that are unpleasant and considered distasteful or “tainted” to other members of society. However, while they experience challenges in managing stigma, they are generally successful in creating positive self-identities. Among these dirty jobs is prostitution. As dirty workers, women sex workers in American history have been treated with humor, ridicule and derision. This study aims to explain the social contexts and the limited economic choices these women faced and examine how they may have managed their dirty work’s stigma to create positive self-identities.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses primary and secondary sources to examine a 53-year period of American history and to frame these women’s stigma management within a “dirty work” perspective.

Findings
The author suggests that sex workers in riskier roles (e.g. street walkers, crib workers or “upstairs girls” in saloons) would have been less able to effectively manage stigma and create positive self-identities as compared to brothels workers, due to the brothel’s strong social support, healthier work culture and richer resources.

Social implications
While sex work has changed significantly in the past century, the principles of identity management in this difficult and dirty work remain. Understanding the economic, social and individual challenges faced by these dirty workers will aid our understanding of the difficulties confronted by today’s sex workers.

Originality/value
Sex work is nearly absent from scholarly management literature. The lack of historical perspective and knowledge in this field limits a full understanding of how various types of dirty workers manage stigma.
A new theory of employee turnover: from the perspective of psychological goal system
Authors: Zhang Kai , Yang Na 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to construct a new turnover theory to explain and predict employee voluntary turnover in a more in-depth and comprehensive way.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the literature review and theoretical analysis, this paper constructs a new turnover theory called the psychological goal system driving theory of employee turnover.

Findings
The psychological goal system driving theory of employee turnover advocates that there are psychological goals in the individual psychological world that point to the future and seek self-realization, and that there is a synergistic or competitive relationship among different psychological goals, and thus forming a psychological goal system and the dominant goals (including single goal or goal group) that exist in it; the individual’s dominant goals are the source of motivation, which initiate and organize the individual’s cognition and behavior; when the dominant psychological goals are difficult to achieve or destroyed in the original organization, they will produce continuous negative emotions and drive the individual to choose new and suitable job opportunities to realize themselves. Therefore, the dominant psychological goal is the organizer and driver of the employee turnover behavior, and when they are threatened, they will drive individuals to actively terminate the employment relationship with the current organization to better promote or protect their own realization process and sustainable growth.

Originality/value
This paper constructs a new turnover theory based on the self-organization goal system theory of motivation and personality.