bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Institutes of Health Funding to Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery at U.S. Medical Schools from 2015 to 2021
Authors: Imam Nareena , Sudah Suleiman Y. , Shaikh Siraj Z. , Nicholson Allen D. , Namdari Surena , Menendez Mariano E. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding of orthopaedic surgery departments has historically lagged behind that of other surgical disciplines. In this study, we present an updated analysis of NIH grants awarded to orthopaedic surgery departments at U.S. medical schools and an evaluation of the characteristics of NIH-funded principal investigators (PIs).

Methods:
The NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results (RePORTER) database was queried for grants awarded to orthopaedic surgery departments in the 2015 to 2021 fiscal years. Funding totals were calculated for 4 categories: award mechanism, awarding institute, recipient institute, and PI. Trends in funding from 2015 to 2021 were determined and compared with the annual NIH budget. Funding awarded to orthopaedic surgery departments was compared with awards received by other surgical specialties in 2021. The characteristics of NIH-funded PIs and co-PIs were evaluated. Funding awarded to orthopaedic surgery departments in 2021 was compared with funding in 2014 as reported in a previous study.

Results:
In 2021, 287 grants were awarded to 187 PIs at 47 orthopaedic surgery departments for a total of $104,710,841, representing 0.4% of the overall NIH budget. The top 5 departments earned $41,750,321 (39.9%) of the total NIH funding for orthopaedic surgery. From 2015 to 2021, total funding increased by 79.7% (p < 0.001), but the rate of increase was not significantly different from that of the overall annual NIH budget (p = 0.469). In 2021, grants were most commonly awarded via the R01 mechanism (70.0% of total funding), with a median annual award of $397,144 (interquartile range [IQR], $335,017 to $491,248). The majority of grants (70.0%) supported basic science research, followed by translational (12.2%), clinical (9.4%), and educational (8.4%) research. NIH funding did not vary by the gender of the PI (p = 0.505), and the proportion of female PIs was significantly greater in 2021 than in 2014 (33.9% versus 20.5%, p = 0.009). Compared with other surgical departments, orthopaedic surgery departments ranked second-lowest in terms of the total NIH funding received in 2021.

Conclusions:
NIH funding to orthopaedic surgery departments continues to be limited and lags behind that of other surgical subspecialties, which may create challenges in addressing the rising burden of musculoskeletal disease in the U.S. These findings highlight the importance of efforts to identify barriers to grant procurement in orthopaedic surgery.
A novelty Multi-Step Associated with Laplace Transform Semi Analytic Technique for Solving Generalized Non-linear Differential Equations
Authors: AL-Jizani Khalid Hammood , Abud Ahmed Hanoon 
Published: April 2023

In this work, a novel technique to obtain an accurate solutions to nonlinear form by multi-step combination with Laplace-variational approach (MSLVIM) is introduced. Compared with the traditional approach for variational it overcome all difficulties and enable to provide us more an accurate solutions with extended of the convergence region as well as covering to larger intervals which providing us a continuous representation of approximate analytic solution and it give more better information of the solution over the whole time interval. This technique is more easier for obtaining the general Lagrange multiplier with reduces the time and calculations. It converges rapidly to exact formula with simply computable terms with few time. To investigate of this technique, selected examples to show the ability, validity, accurately and effectiveness.
Ni2+, Pt4+, Pd2+, and Mn2+ Metal ions Complexes with Azo Derived from Quinolin-2-ol and 3-amino-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) Benzenesulfonamide: Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Study ,and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Adhraa Ghazi , Al-Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih 
Published: April 2023

Diazotization reaction between quinolin-2-ol and (2-chloro-1-(4-(N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-2l4-diazyn-1-ium was carried out resulting in ligand-HL, this in turn reacted with the next metal ions (Ni2+, Pt4+, Pd2+, and Mn2+) forming stable complexes with unique geometries such as (tetrahedral for both Ni2+ and Mn2+, octahedral for Pt4+ and square planer for Pd2+ ). The creation of such complexes was detected by employing spectroscopic means involving ultraviolet-visible which proved the obtained geometries, fourier transfer proved the formation of azo group and the coordination with metal ion through it. Pyrolysis (TGA & DSC) studies proved the coordination of water residues with metal ions inside the coordination sphere as well as chlorine atoms. Moreover, element micro-analysis and AAS that gave corresponding outcome with theoretically counting outcome. (1H &13C-NMR) and magnetic quantifications can also indicate the formation of ligand-HL and occurrence of coordination. Antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated against (DPPH) radical and were compared to the standard natural antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The findings showed that these compounds exhibit excellent radical scavenging activities
Using Transient Modeling to Define the Effects of Heave on Wellsite Operations
Authors: Shipton Peter , Amish Mohamed , Gjerstad Kristian 
Published: April 2023

Summary
The drilling industry is striving to be more efficient, reducing time, costs, and emissions to provide energy solutions for a more climate-conscious world. Reducing nonproductive time (NPT) and invisible lost time (ILT) by utilizing modeling software to optimize tripping operations is one method to combat this. Additional factors such as sea heave have a significant impact on tripping operations on semisubmersible drilling vessels, which do not show a linear response to increased heave. These vessels have compensation systems, but they are often not in use or not completely accurate. Typical heave experienced in the North Sea is between 0.5 and 3-m amplitude and 10–30-second heave period.
In this study, transient modeling software is used to create a digital twin of the wellbore to safely predict the tripping speed and define the effect heave has on the tripping operations, from causing additional swab and surge pressures when in or out of slips to reducing tripping speed and improving efficiency by reducing mud gelling at connections. To further understand the effect heave has on tripping operations, experimental simulations of varying heave magnitude were completed in wellbore sections of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° inclination. Model validation was completed before running simulations. The results indicate that in horizontal holes, low heave magnitudes result in no bit or pressure response. The same cannot be said for vertical wells, which show smooth bit movement and pressure response throughout the heave magnitude spectrum. However, in a horizontal hole when the wave height is of a larger magnitude, sufficient to break wellbore friction, bit displacement is observed to display jerky axial stick and slip movement, and resultant increased swab and surge pressures are shown even when accounting for the reduced pressure fluctuations due to string eccentricity in an inclined wellbore. It is proposed that much of the related mechanical and pressure response is due to the properties of the drilling mud, string elasticity, and the forced frequency of the waves on the natural frequency of the drilling rig and drillstring. It is clear from definitive and experimental simulations that extra care must be taken when the heave is significant to maintain wellbore stability and reduce wellbore pressure cycling.
Genetic analysis of a pedigree with MECP2 duplication syndrome in China
Authors: Zeng Lan , Zhu Hui , Wang Jin , Wang Qi-yan , Pang Ying , Luo Ze-min , Chen Ai , Qin Sheng-fang , Zhu Shu-yao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS), a rare X-linked genomic disorder affecting predominantly males, characterized by delayed or absent speech development, severe motor and cognitive impairment and recurrent respiratory infections, is caused by duplication of the chromosomal region located on chromosome Xq28, containing the methyl CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene. MECP2 acts as a transcriptional repressor or activator regulating genes related to nervous system development. The objective of the study adds a clinical description of MDS to include imaging changes consistent with during the fetal period to the neonatal period.
Methods: Conventional G-banding was used to analyze chromosome karyotypes of all pedigree tested. Then, High- throughput sequencing technology, advanced biological information analysis and site validation and pedigree validation were verified by Sanger sequencing.
Results: Chromosome karyotype analysis revealed that one male patient had a chromosome karyotype 46, Y, dup (X) (q27.2q28), High- throughput sequencing technology showed an Xq27.1q28 duplication, with spanned 14.45Mb, duplication encompassed the MECP2 gene. Both the mother and grandmother had karyotype 46, X, dup (X) (q27.2q28), CNV-seq(copy number variation sequencing）analysis of their family members confirmed that they had carried similar duplications, with spanned 15.188Mb, as female carriers of the MECP2 duplication. While the father and uncle of the family members do not carry this area duplication. Sanger validation result was consistent with the CNV-seq analysis.
Conclusion: In this study, a case of developmental delay and recurrent respiratory tract infections as the main symptoms, suspected of MECP2 duplication syndrome male child genetic analysis, clear its causes, explore the correlation of genotype and phenotype, more accurately describe the complete clinical spectrum of MDS, provide the basis for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling of familial female carriers.
Hydrogel-chitosan and polylactic acid-polycaprolactone bioengineered scaffolds for reconstruction of mandibular defects: a preclinical in vivo study with assessment of translationally relevant aspects
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Taboni Stefano , Chan Harley HL , Townson Jason , Gualtieri Tommaso , Franz Leonardo , Ruaro Alessandra , Mathews Smitha , Daly Michael J , Douglas Catriona M , Eu Donovan , Sahovaler Axel , Muhanna Nidal , Ventura Manuela , Dey Kamol , Pandini Stefano , Pasini Chiara , Re Federica , Bernardi Simona , Bosio Katia , Mattavelli Davide , Doglietto Francesco , Joshi Shrinidh , Gilbert Ralph W , Nicolai Piero , Viswanathan Sowmya , Sartore Luciana , Russo Domenico , Irish Jonathan C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Reconstruction of mandibular bone defects is a surgical challenge, and microvascular reconstruction is the current gold standard. The field of tissue bioengineering has been providing an increasing number of alternative strategies for bone reconstruction.Methods In this preclinical study, the performance of two bioengineered scaffolds, an hydrogel made of polyethylene glycol-chitosan (HyCh) and an hybrid core-shell combination of poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(\(\epsilon\)-caprolactone) and HyCh (PLA-PCL-HyCh), seeded with different concentrations of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) (i.e. 1000, 2000, and 3000 cells/mm3), has been explored in non-critical size mandibular defects in a rabbit model. The bone regenerative properties of the bioengineered scaffolds were analyzed by in vivo radiological examinations and ex vivo radiological, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical analyses.Results The relative density increase (RDI) was significantly more pronounced in defects where a scaffold was placed, particularly if seeded with hMSCs (2000 and 3000 cells/mm3). The immunohistochemical profile showed significantly higher expression of both VEGF-A, in defects reconstructed with a PLA-PCL-HyCh, and osteopontin, in defects reconstructed with both scaffolds. Native microarchitectural characteristics were not demonstrated in any experimental group.Conclusions Herein, we demonstrate that bone regeneration can be boosted by scaffold- and seeded scaffold-reconstruction, achieving, respectively, 50% and 70% restoration of presurgical bone density in 120 days, compared to 40% restoration seen in spontaneous regeneration. Although optimization of the regenerative performance is needed, these results will help to establish a baseline reference for future experiments.
3D-printed near-infrared-light-responsive on-demand drug-delivery scaffold for bone regeneration
Authors: Dong Qinyuan , Wan Zhuqing , Li Qing , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Ping , Zhang Xiao , Niu Yuting , Liu Hao , Lv Longwei , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Although bioactive 3D-printed bone scaffolds loaded with multiple kinds of biomolecules have been developed for enhanced bone regeneration, the manipulation of the on-demand release profiles of different biomolecules during bone regeneration remains challenging.
Method: In this study, we fabricated a 3D-printed dual-drug-loaded biomimetic scaffold. The near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive polydopamine-coated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were designed to deliver the osteogenic drug, pargyline (PGL). Further, a chemotactic small-molecule drug, simvastatin (SIM), was directly incorporated into the hydroxyapatite/collagen bioink for 3D printing. We then evaluated the morphological, mechanical, photothermal properties of scaffold as well as the in vitro releasing profiles of SIM and PGL. Cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and osteogenic differentiation were investigated. The rabbit cranial defect model was utilized to evaluated the in vivo new bone formation.
Results: Our scaffold displayed an on-demand sequential release of the two drugs, in which the SIM could be rapidly released during the early stage and the PGL could be released in a NIR light-responsive manner. This on-demand releasing profiles could optimize their therapeutic effects to align with the stem cell recruitment and osteoblastic differentiation, thereby promoting bone regeneration. The results confirmed the suitable mechanical strength, high photothermal conversion efficiency, good biocompatibility of our scaffold. The scaffold loaded with SIM could efficiently accelerate the migration of stem cells. In addition, the scaffold with on-demand sequential release promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, significantly upregulated gene expression levels of osteogenesis-related markers, and enhanced new-bone-formation capabilities in rabbit cranial defect models.
Conclusion: Our 3D-printed scaffold performs an on-demand delivery of drugs and enhanced bone regeneration. This scaffold not only offers a promising strategy to control the behavior of stem cells during bone regeneration but also provides an efficient strategy for controllable sequential release of different biomolecule in bone tissue engineering.
Biochar increased retention of 15 NH 4 + in a tropical Acrisol under rain-fed maize crop
Authors: Munera-Echeverri J. L. , Martinsen V. , Talmo I.K. , Dörsch P. , Obia A. , Mulder J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Biochar addition has been shown to affect important soil fertility characteristics, including soil pH and soil water retention. Such changes may have pronounced effects on nitrogen (N) cycling. In a field experiment in maize on a sandy loam, we added a small dose of 15N (added as either 15NO3− or 15NH4+), 11 weeks after planting, and traced it during ten days in soil, extractable nitrate, and maize plants. In addition, we assessed the effect of biochar on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. The study was conducted in 20 m2-plots established on a farm in central Zambia, under conservation agriculture without (CA-NORM) and with 4-ton ha− 1 pigeon pea biochar (CA-BC). The results show a positive effect of biochar on soil organic carbon content, soil moisture and extractable NO3−. However, no significant change was observed in soil properties such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and extractable NH4+, and neither on N2O fluxes nor biomass production. The total recovery of 15N was significantly greater if added as 15NH4+ than as 15NO3− and more than 95% of the 15N in the soil was found in the residual N pool (viz. NH4+ and organic N). The uptake of 15N in aboveground biomass was significantly greater if added as 15NH4+ than as 15NO3−. Compared to CA-NORM, CA-BC increased the recovery of 15N in the soil residual N pool with 46%, 240 hours after addition of 15NH4+. Our results suggest that biochar may reduce losses of NH4+ in Acrisols.
Comparing ambition of EU companies with science-based targets to EU regulation-imposed reductions
Authors: Roelfsema Mark , Kuramochi Takeshi , Elzen Michel Den 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Companies can support countries in closing the emissions gap between current policies and the Paris goals by implementing pledged voluntary greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets that are more stringent than the national climate policy regulation requires. For this purpose, we assessed the potential impact of EU companies with 2030 emission reduction targets approved as 2/1.5 °C-consistent by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) in the sectors that are regulated by the Emissions Trading System (ETS) and Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR). To verify potential additionality, company targets were compared to a current policies scenario based on ETS and ESR trends set under the then applicable 40% by 2030 reduction target, and two scenarios that include the voluntary SBTi targets excluding or including flanking measures to materialise additional reductions in ETS. Depending on the assumption of these flanking measures, EU companies with SBTi-approved targets are projected to result in a 4% or 14% reduction by 2030 relative to the EU current policies scenario. Our results illustrate that SBTi-approved companies are not significantly more ambitious than the rest of the emitters in the EU without flanking measures. However, it does show that companies regulated by ETS show higher estimated reductions by 2030 compared to those only regulated by ESR. This analysis shows that more policy detail is important in assessing the additionality of voluntary targets, resulting in zero additional emissions for ETS if a conservative estimate is required.
NDP52 mediates an antiviral response to hepatitis B virus infection through Rab9-dependent lysosomal degradation pathway
Authors: Cui Shuzhi , Xia Tian , Zhao Jianjin , Ren Xiaoyu , Wu Tingtao , Kameni Mireille , Guo Xiaoju , He Li , Guo Jingao , Duperray-Susini Aléria , Levillayer Florence , Collard Jean-Marc , ZHONG JIN , Pan Lifeng , Tangy Frederic , Vidalain Pierre-Olivier , Zhou Dongming , Jiu Yaming , FAURE Mathias , Wei Yu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Autophagy receptor NDP52 triggers bacterial autophagy against infection. However, the ability of NDP52 to protect against viral infection has not been established. We show that NDP52 binds to envelop proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and triggers a degradation process that promotes HBV clearance. Inactivating NDP52 in hepatocytes results in decreased targeting of viral envelops in the lysosome and increased levels of viral replication. NDP52 inhibits HBV at both viral entry and late replication stages. In contrast to NDP52-mediated bacterial autophagy, lysosomal degradation of HBV envelops is independent of galectin 8 and ATG5. NDP52 forms complex with Rab9 and viral envelop proteins and links HBV to Rab9-dependent lysosomal degradation pathway. These findings reveal that NDP52 acts as a sensor for HBV infection, which mediates a unique antiviral response to eliminate the virus. This work also suggests direct roles for autophagy receptors in other lysosomal degradation pathways than canonical autophagy.
Adaptive Graphical Routing Methodology for reducing traffic overhead in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: c sureshkumar , s sabena , L sairamesh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Increasing the scalability and location identification are the prime issues in Wireless Sensor Networks. The Geographical routing is used for getting solution to this kind of issues, but the main disadvantage of Geographical routing is its rely on greedy method and void node problem is the main issue of providing quality of routing. This paper demonstrates the Adaptive Graphical Routing methodology (AGR) for wireless sensor networks. In AGR, the adjacent hop is elected from nodes accessible dynamically with density of the network in some specific angle. The selection of forwarding node within the nodes in a solid angle is computed using the delay aware contention methodology. The proposed AGR methodology will solve the collision problem by prevention of looping and identifying the better path for routing. Moreover, the proposed methodology will utilize the outside of the solid angle using RTS and CTS concepts in dynamic routing. Reducing the traffic overhead by dynamic routing methodology will increase the quality of routing in wireless sensor networks. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the related methods using NS2 simulator. The simulation results specify that AGS achieves an improved packet delivery ratio by increasing the residual energy and reducing the traffic overhead.
Enhancing linkage to HIV care in the “Universal Test-and-Treat” era: Barriers and enablers to HIV care among adults in a high HIV burdened district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Nicol Edward , Jama Ngcwalisa Amanda , Mehlomakulu Vuyelwa , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Pass Desiree , Basera Wisdom , Bradshaw Debbie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ending AIDS by 2030 would depend on how successful health systems are in linking people living with HIV (PLHIV) into care. The World Health Organization recommended the ‘Universal Test-and-Treat’ (UTT) strategy – initiating all individuals testing positive on antiretroviral therapy (ART) irrespective of their CD4 count and clinical staging. This study aimed to explore the enablers and barriers to linkage to HIV care among adults with a new HIV diagnosis in a high-HIV prevalent rural district in South Africa. A qualitative study was undertaken to explore patients’ perceptions of enablers and barriers of linkage-to-care, using a life-story narration and dialogue approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 38 HIV-positive participants sampled from a cohort of 1194 HIV positive patients recruited from December 2017 to June 2018. Participants were selected based on whether they had linked to care or not within 3 months of positive HIV diagnosis. Interviews were thematically analysed using a general inductive approach. Of the 38 participants, 22 (58%) linked to care within three months of HIV-positive diagnosis. Factors which facilitated or inhibited linkage-to-care were found at individual, family, community, as well as the health systems levels. Enablers included a positive HIV testing experience, and assistance from the fieldwork team. Support from family, friends, as well as prior community-based education about HIV and ART were also noted. Individual factors such as acceptance of HIV status, previous exposure to PLHIV, and fear of HIV progressing, were identified. Barriers to linkage included, denial of HIV status, dislike of taking pills, and preference for alternative medicine. Negative experience with counselling and health systems inefficiency were also noted as barriers. Perceived stigma and socio-economic factors, such as lack of food or money to visit the clinic were other barriers. Community-based and health system level interventions would need to focus on clinic readiness in providing patients with necessary and effective health services such as proper and adequate counselling. This could increase the number of patients who link to care. Finally, interventions to improve linkage-to-care should consider a holistic approach, including training health care providers, community outreach and the provision of psychological, social, and financial support.