bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Acanthamoeba spp. in groundwater sources in a rural area in the Philippines
Authors: Padua Mark F F E. , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Alejandro Grecebio Jonathan D. , Milanez Giovanni De Jesus 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Research on free-living amoebae (FLA) and its public health implication as an etiologic agent of parasitic infection in humans has recently gained traction in the Philippines. This study aimed to identify potential FLAs in collected groundwater samples from Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines. Fifty-four (54) water samples were collected in 250-mL sterile polyethylene containers by purposive sampling from selected groundwater sources in six (6) barangays of Masinloc. The samples were vacuum filtered through a 1.2-μm pore glass microfiber filter, cultured onto non-nutrient agar (NNA) lawned with Escherichia coli, and observed microscopically for amoebic growth for 14 days using light microscopy. Amoebic growth was observed in 11.1% (6/54) of water samples. DNAs from positive samples were extracted and were made to react with polymerase chain reaction using Acanthamoeba-specific JDP1 (5′-GGCCCAGATCGTTTACCGTGAA-3′) and JDP2 (5′-TCTCACAAGCTGCTAGGGAGTCA-3′) primers, and universal primer Euk A (5′-AACCTGGTTGATCCTGCCAGT-3′) and Euk B (5′-TGATCCTTCTGCAGGTTCACCTAC-3′). The presence of Acanthamoeba genotypes T4, T7, and T11 was confirmed using molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Our results confirmed that groundwater sources from two of six sampling sites (33.3%) in Masinloc, Zambales, were contaminated with potentially pathogenic FLAs. Proper identification of risk factors that may cause contamination consequently leads to the implementation of programs that will prevent future infections.
Computational Repurposing of Potential Dimerization Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease
Authors: Borkotoky Subhomoi , Prakash Archisha , Modi Gyan Prakash , Dubey Vikash Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The screening, design, and synthesis of various dimerization inhibitors have been
an active area of interest for structure-based drug design efforts. Functionally important dimers, such as
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease and surviving, are being targeted for such studies over
time. Computational repurposing of potential drug candidates provides a cost and time-efficient way in
the drug discovery life cycle.

Objective:
Concerning the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) scenario, the functionally active dimer
of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome) main protease (Mpro) is used as a target to
screen possible dimerization inhibitors.

Methods:
A database of small molecule protein-protein interaction inhibitors was screened for the study.
This study used molecular docking, followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and postsimulation
binding energy predictions.

Results:
From the selected 183 compounds, a diazene-based compound and a salicylic-type compound
were identified as possible dimerization inhibitors in this study. These two compounds formed stable
complexes with the Mpro during the MD simulations. The complexes formed by these two compounds
were also unable to form important salt bridge interactions required for the dimerization of the protomers.

Conclusion:
Experimental studies on both compounds were previously conducted as dimerization inhibitors
in HIV. The data led to the possibility of exploring the identified compounds as dimerization inhibitors,
which could be important for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
Hemodynamic Changes after Continuing or Omitting Regular Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors before Cataract Surgery: A Comparative
Study
Authors: Khademi Saeed , Jouybar Reza , Ahmadi Sedigheh , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Ghadimi Maryam , Salari Mehrdad , Emami Soodabeh 
Published: January 2023

Aims:
In this study, we aimed to appraise the effects of interrupting (discontinuing) vs. continuing
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
(ACEIs) on the hemodynamic changes of patients during and after cataract surgery.

Methods and Materials:
Patients aged 40-70 years, American society of anesthesiologist (ASA) class
II, taking ACEI/ARB medications, who were admitted to Khalili hospital (Shiraz, south of Iran) for
cataract surgery, were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups for continuing
or withdrawing the use of ACEI/ARBs. Group 1 included the patients who continued
ACEI/ARB administration, and group 2 included those who discontinued them before surgery. In the
operating room, relevant demographic information was collected in addition to the data on patients’
basic clinical status, including heart rate and blood pressure, before induction of anesthesia, during,
and after that. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21, and p-values < 0.05 were considered
statistically significant.

Results:
Any significant differences were not revealed in demographic variables (age, sex, diabetes,
hypertension, Myocardial infarction, Smoking, and duration of drug therapy) between the two groups.
Time effect was significant (p<0.001) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart
rate, and interaction between time*group was not significant (p=0.431, p=0.566, and 0.355) for systolic
blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. However, the group effect wasn’t significant
(p=0.701, p=0.663, and p=0.669) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate.

Conclusion:
It seems that in some minor surgeries, such as cataract surgery, withdrawal or continuation of
ACEIs/ARBs have no significant effect on the hypotension and heart rate of patients during orafter an operation.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:
The study has been registered in the Iranian registry for clinical trials
(IRCT20141009019470N78).
Discovery of Novel Tetramethylpyrazine Containing Chalcone Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas , Abdelgawad Mohamed Abdelwahab , Amjad Muhammad Wahab , Munir Muhammad Usman , Sheikh Fatima Akbar 
Published: January 2023

Background:Chalcones are precursors of flavonoids and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity.Objective:As anti-inflammatory agents, two series of chalcone derivatives and chalcone-based oximes were synthesized and characterized. To integrate the tetramethylpyrazine moiety into these novel molecules, the multifunctional natural chemical ligustrazine was employed.Methods:A variety of newly synthesized ligustrazine-based chalcones were utilized as precursors for the synthesis of new oximes and their inhibitory activity against COX-1, COX-2, and LOX-5 enzymes were compared.Results:The conversion of ketones to their oxime derivatives increased the effectiveness of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition. Due to the substituted ether groups, oxime derivative 5d had the lowest IC50 values of 0.027 ± 0.004 μM and 0.150 ± 0.027 μM for COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes, respectively. Notably, the oxime derivative's highest effectiveness is conferred by the presence of methoxymethoxy or hydroxy groups at the C-3 and C-4 positions on the phenyl ring. The 6b derivative with a long alkyl chain ether group was shown to be the most powerful 5-LOX inhibitor. All compounds were also assessed for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide generation and LPS-induced IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Finally, in order to determine the structural effects responsible for the binding mechanism of compounds, they were docked into the binding sites of COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX, which revealed an inhibitory mechanism of action and demonstrated the relevance of various types of interactions.Conclusion:The findings showed that these novel compounds had a significant impact on antiinflammatory actions.
Network Pharmacological Study of Compound Kushen Injection in
Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Guo Dongli , Jin Jing , Liu Jianghui , Ren Meng , He Yutong 
Published: January 2023

Aim:
To provide new methods and ideas for the clinical application of integrated traditional
Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Background:
Traditional Chinese medicine compound Kushen injection (CKI) has been widely
used in the clinic with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the mechanism of action
of CKI as adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer has not yet been described.

Method:
This study is based on network pharmacology, data mining, and molecular docking
technology to explore the mechanism of action of CKI in the treatment of esophageal cancer. We
obtained the effective ingredients and targets of CKI from the traditional Chinese medicine system
pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) and esophageal cancer-related genes from
the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and GeneCards databases.

Result:
CKI mainly contains 58 active components. Among them, the top 5 active ingredients are
quercetin, luteolin, naringenin, formononetin, and beta-sitostero. The target protein of the active
ingredient was matched with the genes associated with esophageal cancer. The active ingredients
targeted 187 esophageal cancer target proteins, including AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK3, TP53,
HSP90AA1, and other proteins. Then, we enriched and analyzed the Gene Ontology (GO) and
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and used AutoDockVina to dock the core
targets and compounds. Finally, PyMOL and Ligplot were used for data visualization.

Conclusion:
This study provides a new method and ideas for the clinical application of integrated
traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Fatal Clostridium sporogenes Soft Tissue Polymicrobial Infections in Two
Immunocompetent Cases: Case Report
Authors: Gulati Neelam , Chaudhary Preeti , Gupta Varsha , Dhanda Gazal , Kumar Mani Bhushan , Sharma Swati , Goel Anku , Kumar Attri Ashok 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Clostridium sporogenes is reported rarely in literature. Reports from the skin
and soft tissue infections are even less, more so in immunocompetent patients.

Case Presentation:
Two skin and soft tissue infections with C. sporogenes in immunocompetent patients
have been presented in this study. One of the cases was following an electrical burn wound, and
the other was following a bedsore. Both patients expired despite antibacterial treatment and debridement.

Discussion and Conclusion:
C. sporogenes had usually been reported after trauma particularly after
penetrating and deep wound infection. More attention should be given to these patients so that the infection
can be treated and diagnosed early in suspected anaerobic infections like Clostridium species.
Guggulsterone Promotes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Exosomal
Circfip1L1 to Mediate miR-125a-5p/VEGFA Affecting Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Zhou Ting , Zhao Shunli , Tang Sanyuan , Wang Yongli , Wu Ruoxia , Zeng Xiaoyan , Yang Ping , Zhang Xi , Tian Xuefei 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a usual head and neck malignancy. Guggulsterone
(GS) has potential in cancer chemoprophylaxis and treatment, but its therapeutic effect on
NPC is unknown. We aimed to explore whether GS could promote the secretion of exosomal circFIP1L1
from NPC cells and its regulatory mechanism.

Methods:
NPC tissues and adjacent tissues were collected from NPC patients. Human nasopharyngeal
epithelial cell lines (NP69) and NPC lines (5-8F, CNE1, and HNE1) were used for in vitro experiments.
HNE1 cells were treated with GS (20, 40, 60 μmol/L). The expressions of miR-125a-5p and circFIP1L1
were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis abilities were measured by CCK-8 and
flow cytometry. HNE1 cell exosomes were extracted and identified, and the levels of VEGFA and
VEGFR2 were detected by ELISA. Then miR-125a-5p was knocked down and overexpressed. HUVECs
angiogenesis was determined by the tube formation assay. qRT-PCR and Western blot were utilized to
evaluate the expressions of VEGFA, MMP-2, MMP-9, and ICAM-1 in HUVECs.

Results:
miR-125a-5p was highly expressed in NPC tissues and cells. GS promoted the secretion of
exosomal circFIP1L1 from HNE1 cells to affect HUVECs proliferation and angiogenesis. Overexpression
of miR-125a-5p accelerated HUVECs proliferation and angiogenesis. Knocking down miR-125a-
5p inhibited VEGFA expression. In addition, exosomal circFIP1L1 sponged miR-125a-5p, inhibiting
the VEGFA pathway to repress HUVECs angiogenesis.

Conclusions:
GS promoted exosomal circFIP1L1 in NPC cells to mediate miR-125a-5p/VEGFA axis
affecting tumor angiogenesis.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Decision and Doubts About Vaccination in Catalonia: Online Cross-sectional Questionnaire
Authors: Huguet-Feixa Agnes , Artigues-Barberà Eva , Sol Joaquim , Godoy Pere , Ortega Bravo Marta ,   MC-MUVA
Published: January 2023

Background
Hesitancy to get vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic may decrease vaccination coverage and facilitate the occurrence of local or global outbreaks.

Objective
The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia on 3 aspects: the decision to get vaccinated against COVID-19, changes in opinion about vaccination in general, and the decision to get vaccinated against other diseases.

Methods
We performed an observational study with the population of Catalonia aged 18 years or over, obtaining information through a self-completed questionnaire in electronic format. Differences between groups were determined using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, or the Student t test.

Results
We analyzed the answers from 1188 respondents, of which 870 were women, 47.0% (558/1187) had sons or daughters under the age of 14 years, and 71.7% (852/1188) had studied at university. Regarding vaccination, 16.3% (193/1187) stated that they had refused a vaccine on some occasion, 76.3% (907/1188) totally agreed with vaccines, 1.9% (23/1188) were indifferent, and 3.5% (41/1188) and 1.2% (14/1188) slightly or totally disagreed with vaccination, respectively. As a result of the pandemic, 90.8% (1069/1177) stated that they would get vaccinated against COVID-19 when they are asked, while 9.2% (108/1177) stated the opposite. A greater intention to get vaccinated was observed among women; people older than 50 years; people without children under 15 years of age; people with beliefs, culture, or family in favor of vaccination; respondents who had not previously rejected other vaccines, were totally in favor of vaccines, or had not increased their doubts about vaccination; and respondents who had not changed their decision about vaccines as a result of the pandemic. Finally, 30.3% (359/1183) reported an increase in their doubts regarding vaccination, and 13.0% (154/1182) stated that they had changed their decision about routinely recommended vaccines as a result of the pandemic.

Conclusions
The population studied was predominantly in favor of vaccination; however, the percentage of people specifically rejecting vaccination against COVID-19 was high. As a result of the pandemic, we detected an increase in doubts about vaccines. Although the final decision about vaccination did not primarily change, some of the respondents did change their opinion about routine vaccinations. This seed of doubt about vaccines may be worrisome as we aim to maintain high vaccination coverage.
Cognitive Bias Modification Training Targeting Fatigue in Patients With Kidney Disease: Usability Study
Authors: Geerts Jody , Pieterse Marcel , Laverman Goos , Waanders Femke , Oosterom Nicole , Slegten Jacqueline , Salemink Elske , Bode Christina 
Published: January 2023

Background
Fatigue is an important symptom for many patients, including patients with kidney disease. Cognitive biases, such as attentional bias and self-identity bias, are thought to influence fatigue. Cognitive bias modification (CBM) training is a promising technique to counter fatigue.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate a CBM training among patients with kidney disease and health care professionals (HCPs) and assess acceptability and applicability in the clinical setting using an iterative design process to evaluate expectations and experiences with the training.

Methods
This was a longitudinal, qualitative, and multiple stakeholder–perspective usability study in which we interviewed end users and HCPs during the prototyping phase and after the end of training. We conducted semistructured interviews with 29 patients and 16 HCPs. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Next to a general evaluation of the training, the acceptability of the training was evaluated using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability, and applicability was assessed by evaluating obstacles and solutions for implementation in the kidney care setting.

Results
Generally, participants were positive about the training and its applicability. The biggest negatives were doubts about effectiveness and annoyance about the repetitive character of CBM. Acceptability was judged with a mixed evaluation, with a negative evaluation of perceived effectiveness; mixed results for burden, intervention coherence, and self-efficacy; and positive results for affective attitude, ethicality, and opportunity costs. Barriers for applicability were patients’ varying computer skills, subjectivity of fatigue, and integration with regular treatment (eg, the role of HCPs). Possible solutions included assigning representatives among nurses, offering training on an app, and providing assistance via a help desk. The iterative design process, including repeated waves of testing user expectations and experiences, yielded complementary data.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to introduce a CBM training targeting fatigue. Furthermore, this study provides one of the first user evaluations of a CBM training, both among patients with kidney disease and their care providers. Overall, the training was evaluated positively, although acceptability showed mixed results. Applicability was positive although barriers were identified. The proposed solutions require further testing, preferably following the same frameworks, as the iteration in this study contributed positively to the quality of the training. Therefore, future research should follow the same frameworks and consider stakeholders and end users in eHealth intervention design.
La poesía como experiencia de lo sagrado en Los detectives salvajes, de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Jiménez San Martín Manuel 
Published: January 2023

The experience of the sacred in Roberto Bolaño's novel Los Detectives Salvajes is analyzed. The quest of the characters for finding a meaning for existence along life and how it can finally be grasped only through poetry is shown. The different ways in which poetry is perceived by the characters, in what ways it is possible to approach their experience - and, therefore, the experience of the sacred - and what happens when they move away from it are presented. So, it focuses on the following characters:Juan García Madero, Arturo Belano, Ulises Lima, and Cesárea Tinajero.
Degree of conversion and bond strength of resin cements through different thicknesses of lithium disilicate ceramic using different curing modes
Authors: M Mohammed Hozan , J Selivany Bahar , A. Suliman Abdulhaq 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the physical and mechanical properties of resin cements to ceramic substrate using different curing modes by evaluating the degree of conversion and bond strength of these cements.
Methods: Hundred twenty square lithium disilicate ceramic discs specimens of three thicknesses (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mm) and 10x10mm diameter were bonded to 120 bovine teeth using two resin cements (one light cure and one dual cure) and using two curing modes (ramp and continuous). As a result, 12 experimental groups were established for bond strength testing. degree of conversion of luting cements was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Results: using the continuous mode compared to the ramp after controlling the type of resin and material thickness showed no significant difference(P>0.001) in SBS and DC. the effect of changing the material thickness between 0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5mm after controlling the resin type and mode of light curing, showed significant difference (p<0.001) from 1mm to 1.5mm using light-cured resin and continuous curing mode for SBS. while for the DC these correlations between different material thicknesses and both light cure type of resin and continuous light-curing mode was significant (p<0.001), it was also significant with dual cure cement. This study also evaluated the effect of using dual-cured resin cement compared to the light-cured resin cement on the SBS and DC, for the SBS the effect was significant with higher thicknesses (p<0.001 for the thickness of 1.5 mm) but not significant with thicknesses less than this such as 0.5mm and 1mm (P>0.05).
Conclusion: There is no change on the effect of changing light curing mode on the DC and SBS increasing the thickness decrease SBS and DC, dual-cured resin performed better when used for thickness of 1.5mm.
Social entrepreneurship as an implementation of the social function of the state
Authors: Bielova M. , Huseinova S. 
Published: January 2023

This article is devoted to highlighting the main concepts of social protection of the population. In particular, in today’s conditions in Ukraine,the social policy of the state, that is, its social functions, should have a significant impact on the social well-being of the population. We are talking about the analysis of the relationship between social entrepreneurship and the social function of the state.
It is indicated that the state’s guarantee of well-being in the social sphere of the country’s population is connected with the implementationof social entrepreneurship. The initiative of social entrepreneurship in any country is to create favorable conditions. Because the main goal is not to make a profit, but to solve social problems of society (overcoming poverty, protection of human rights, employment and support of socially vulnerable population groups).
It is noted that it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the concept of social entrepreneurship is carried out within the social function of the state and solves a complex of problems of a private and public nature, in particular, access to financial resources of individuals.
Attention is focused on the fact that social entrepreneurship correlates with the functions of law, first of all, the economic function and the function of public consent, to solve the problems of the community and individual individuals.
It was concluded that social entrepreneurship has practically not yet found its place in Ukrainian legislation. However, this type of entrepreneurship functions quite successfully in Ukraine within the framework of small and medium-sized businesses, combining the social functions of the state. The activities of social enterprises began to be actualized in the conditions of a shortage of financial resources of the state, constantly growing needs of the social sphere, an increase in the level of unemployment and poverty of the population, when the authorities stopped coping with the volume of social problems that require immediate solutions. Social entrepreneurship found its development at the local level, focusing on solving social problems of the local community. So, there is no doubt that social entrepreneurship is society’s response to modern social needs.