bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of drought and nutrient deficiencies on the allocation of recently fixed carbon in a plant–soil–microbe system
Authors: Xia Huijuan , Zhang Tiantian , Li Xinshuai , He Tiehu , Wang Xia , Zhang Jiehao , Zhang Kerong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Carbon (C) allocation plays an important role in plant adaptation to water and nutrient stresses. However, the effects of drought and nutrient deficiencies on the allocation of recently fixed C in the plant–soil–microbe system remain largely unknown. Herein, we studied the response of C allocation of Sophora moorcroftiana (an indigenous pioneer shrub in Tibet) to drought, nitrogen (N) deficiency and phosphorus (P) deficiency using a microcosm experiment. The 13CO2 continuous labeling was used to trace C allocation in the plant–soil–microbe system. We found that drought significantly reduced plant 13C, but it increased 13C accumulation in soil. The decreased plant 13C under drought was attributed to the decrease of 13C in stem and root rather than that in leaf. The excess 13C fraction in the microbial biomass (MB13C) was reduced by N deficiency, but it was not affected by the combination of drought and N deficiency, indicating that drought weakened the effects of N deficiency on MB13C. By contrast, MB13C increased under the combination of drought and P deficiency, suggesting that drought enhanced the effects of P deficiency on MB13C. Drought and nutrient deficiencies regulated the belowground 13C allocation. Specifically, drought and P deficiency increased the allocation of 13C to root and N deficiency regulated the allocation of 13C to microbial biomass C and dissolved organic C in soil. Notably, soil 13C decreased with increasing plant 13C, while MB13C first decreased and then increased with increasing plant 13C. Overall, our study demonstrated that drought and nutrient deficiencies interactively affected C allocation in a plant–soil–microbe system and provided insights into C allocation strategies in response to multiple resource (water and nutrient) stresses under environmental changes.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Copper-Resistant Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Strain Isolated from Broccoli in Mauritius Suggests Adaptive Gene Gain Through Horizontal Gene Transfer
Authors: Boyer Claudine , Lefeuvre Pierre , Richard Damien , Lobin Kanta Kumar , Pruvost Olivier 
Published: August 2023

Bacterial adaptation is facilitated by the presence of mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer of genes, such as those coding for virulence factors or resistance to antimicrobial compounds. A hybrid assembly of Nanopore MinIon long-read and Illumina short-read data was produced from a copper-resistant Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strain isolated from symptomatic broccoli leaves in Mauritius. We obtained a 5.2-Mb high-quality chromosome and no plasmid. We found four genomic islands, three of which were characterized as integrative conjugative elements or integrative mobilizable elements. These genomic islands carried type III effectors and the copper resistance copLABMGF system involved in pathogenicity and environmental adaptation, respectively.
Pain Medication Use Two Years After Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Fusion Surgery
Authors: Bastrom Tracey P. , Kelly Michael P. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Newton Peter O. ,   Harms Study Group
Published: August 2023

Study Design.
Observational case control.

Objective.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of opioid use two years after surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and its association with preoperative mental health.

Summary of Background Data.
Studies of opiate use have reported that up to 80% of users began their addiction with misuse of prescription opioids. Identifying opioid use and those at risk in the AIS population is critical for optimal outcomes.

Materials and Methods.
A query of a multicenter prospective AIS surgical fusion registry was performed to identify patients of all curve types with responses to question 11 on the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire at two years postoperative. Question 11 asks about pain medication usage for the patient’s back with five specific responses: narcotics daily, narcotics weekly or less, non-narcotics daily, non-narcotics weekly/less, or none. Ordinal regression was used to evaluate the association between preoperative Scoliosis Research Society-22 Mental Health (MH) domain scores and two-year postoperative pain medication usage.

Results.
A total of 2595 patients who underwent surgery from 2002 to 2019 met inclusion. The average primary curve was 56±12°, average age 14.7±3 years, and 81.5% were female. Forty (1.5%) patients reported utilizing opioids two years after surgery, and a significant difference in preoperative MH scores was observed. Patients taking daily opioids postoperatively had the lowest median preoperative MH score (3.75), followed by non-narcotic group (4), and no medication (4.2, P<0.001). Three patients reporting opioid use postoperatively reported preoperative usage. The rate of two-year postoperative medication use based on the year of surgery demonstrated a small linear decrease in opioid use over time, with a slight increase in nonopioid daily use.

Conclusions.
Less than 2% of patients reported taking opioids for back pain two years after surgical correction of AIS. A lower MH score before surgery may place a patient at increased risk for opioid use two years after surgery. An analysis of the year of surgery suggests that changes in prescription practices over time may be occurring.

Level of Evidence.
4
Assessment of the Blue Light Ocular Hazard by Solar Measurements and the Impact of Selected Sunglasses Based upon the Limits of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Guideline
Authors: Krejci Martin , Caruso Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A quantitative assessment of the blue light hazard for the human eye related to direct solar irradiation is presented. For six radiation situations, missing eye protection was compared to protection by nine different commercial sunglasses with and without an optimized blue light filter. Measurements of the solar irradiance were performed on Earth’s surface as well as at an elevation of 12 km in the cockpit of an airliner. An irradiation time limit was calculated from the measurement data, within which the maximum blue light dose of 100 J m−2, recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and mandatory for the safe operation of lamps according to the norm ICE 62471, is reached. The results suggest that the blue light dose limit is violated within less than 3 s when looking without eye protection directly into the sun. For Category 3 sunglasses without the optimized blue light filter, time limits of 10 to 25 s on Earth’s surface and 7 to 8 s at 12 km altitude were observed. The investigated Category 3 sunglasses with optimized blue light protection and suited for traffic use allow a time limit of more than 40 s on Earth’s surface and 18 to 95 s in the airliner’s cockpit. The outcome of the study is that the eye protection against blue light hazard related to solar radiation can be quantified using existing limits and that the choice of sunglasses is relevant: Traffic-worthy sunglasses optimized for protection against blue light hazard offer a better protection than non-optimized sunglasses.
Primary Transscleral Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation for Management of Glaucoma in Nanophthalmic Eyes
Authors: Abdelrahman Ahmed M. , Ismail Yomna M. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of double-row transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in controlling intraocular pressure in patients with secondary angle closure glaucoma due to nanophthalmos, not being controlled by medical therapy.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective case series study that included 13 eyes of 8 patients diagnosed with secondary angle closure glaucoma due to nanophthalmos at the Giza Eye Subspeciality Center, treated by 24 cyclodiode applications in a double-row technique. Success was defined as complete success by control of intraocular pressure <21 mm Hg without medication and qualified success in which control of pressure <21 mm Hg achieved with 1 or 2 medications.

Results:
The average reduction in intraocular pressure at 3 months was 57.3±20.14% and at 6 months 44.5±32%, with an average eye drop intake of 1.3±0.8 drops. There was a significant reduction of intraocular pressure at 6 months compared with the preprocedure pressure (P=0.01). Complete success achieved in 3 eyes, pressure controlled without any medication, and qualified success in 9 eyes.

Conclusion:
Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is a safe and effective primary therapy for managing glaucoma in nanophthalmic eyes.
Developing the Baptist Health Injury Risk Assessment Phase 1
Authors: Lewis C. Preston , Schenkenfelder Reece , Davies Claire C. , Monroe Martha , Acton Deanna , Phillips Tracy 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to explore risk factors for developing hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) among critically ill adult inpatients.

BACKGROUND
Hospital-acquired pressure injuries remain a priority quality focus for Magnet® organizations. Recent studies cite medical devices as a primary cause, yet published risk assessments lack inclusion of those threats.

METHODS
Nurses at a 434-bed, 4-time Magnet®-designated hospital led a retrospective study acros 9 American Nurses Credentialing Center–designated facilities. Using a chart review tool, data were collected within 48 hours of a confirmed HAPI.

RESULTS
Of 207 HAPIs reported, 54% (n = 113) involved deep tissue pressure injuries and 50.2% (n = 104) involved 19 medical devices. Individuals with a HAPI also used 1 or more of 7 distinct types of mobility-limiting medical equipment.

CONCLUSIONS
Study findings support the development of a critical care risk assessment with inclusion of a medical device and mobility-limiting medical equipment as risk factors. A secondary study is underway for specificity and sensitivity testing of this assessment.
Moving Toward Equity and Transparency in NP Faculty Workload
Authors: Gourley Bridgitte , Idzik Shannon , Yingling Charles , Bigley Mary Beth , Ammerman Beth 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Nurse practitioner (NP) programs rely on a highly educated and experienced faculty to deliver the curriculum. Full-time NP faculty are expected to be doctorally prepared, with responsibilities for instruction, an active clinical practice, scholarship, and service.

Problem:
Although the majority of faculty workload comes from effort in instruction, there is significant variability in how faculty workload is assigned. Absent a national model, schools of nursing are challenged to develop workload models for NP faculty to allocate effort for the full scope of work that NP faculty are expected to perform to meet requirements for academic credentialing bodies, licensure, and academic promotion.

Approach:
This article examines current practices in NP workload allocation and explores ways to allocate effort to the domains of work integral to NP education.

Conclusion:
NP faculty workload models should align with academic promotion expectations to encourage equity and transparency.
Case Report: Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy from Subconcussive Soccer Headers in a 62-year-old Athlete
Authors: Pandya Radha P. , Pandya Shruti , Thomann Kelly H. 
Published: August 2023

SIGNIFICANCE
Traumatic optic neuropathy is an uncommon but devastating cause of vision loss after injury to the head. Soccer players may have a heightened risk because of the game's emphasis on heading the ball, a technique in which a player hits the soccer ball with his/her head.

PURPOSE
This article reviews the case of an avid soccer player with traumatic optic neuropathy that occurred after numerous soccer ball headings during a game. This article also (1) provides a summary of the pathophysiology and epidemiology of traumatic optic neuropathy, (2) reviews the current literature on head and eye injuries in soccer, and (3) discusses biomechanical differences in orbital structure throughout aging, which may predispose older patients to traumatic optic neuropathy.

CASE REPORT
We present the case of a 62-year-old male patient who reported to the clinic, after repeated subconcussive soccer ball headers the previous day, with symptoms of blurred vision and “seeing stars” in the right eye and a right inferior visual field impairment. Physical examination, subsequent laboratory work, and neurologic consults implicated traumatic optic neuropathy as the primary diagnosis, and halting soccer playing resulted in symptom improvement.

CONCLUSIONS
Although not commonly encountered in soccer players, the potential for traumatic optic neuropathy exists. Older athletes may be predisposed because of morphological changes of the orbit. Future direction may look to further investigate hazards promoting traumatic optic neuropathy in older athletes and determine possible protections against injury.
A Scoping Review of ‘Pacing’ for Management of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Lessons Learned for the Long COVID Pandemic
Authors: Sanal-Hayes Nilihan E.M. , Mclaughlin Marie , Hayes Lawrence D. , Mair Jacqueline L. , Ormerod Jane , Carless David , Hilliard Natalie , Meach Rachel , Ingram Joanne , Sculthorpe Nicholas F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundControversy over treatment for people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a barrier to appropriate treatment. Energy management orpacingis a prominent coping strategy for people with ME/CFS that involves regulating activity to avoid post exertional malaise (PEM), the worsening of symptoms after an activity. Until now, characteristics of pacing, and the effects on patients’ symptoms had not been systematically reviewed. This is problematic as the most common approach to pacing, pacing prescription, and the pooled efficacy of pacing was unknown. Collating evidence may help advise those suffering with similar symptoms, including long COVID, as practitioners would be better informed on methodological approaches to adopt, pacing implementation, and expected outcomes.ObjectivesIn this scoping review of the literature, we aggregated type of, and outcomes of, pacing in people with ME/CFS.Eligibility criteriaOriginal investigations concerning pacing were considered in participants with ME/CFS.Sources of evidenceSix electronic databases (PubMed, Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL]) were searched; and websites MEPedia, Action for ME, and ME Action were also searched for grey literature.MethodsA scoping review was conducted. Review selection and characterisation was performed by two independent reviewers using pretested forms.ResultsAuthors reviewed 177 titles and abstracts, resulting in included 17 studies: three randomised control trials (RCTs); one uncontrolled trial; one interventional case series; one retrospective observational study; two prospective observational studies; four cross-sectional observational studies; and five cross-sectional analytical studies. Studies included variable designs, durations, and outcome measures. In terms of pacing administration, studies used educational sessions and diaries for activity monitoring. Eleven studies reported benefits of pacing, four studies reported no effect, and two studies reported a detrimental effect in comparison to the control group.ConclusionsHighly variable study designs and outcome measures, allied to poor to fair methodological quality resulted in heterogenous findings and highlights the requirement for more research examining pacing. Looking to the long COVID pandemic, future studies should be RCTs utilising objectively quantified digitised pacing, over a longer duration of examination, using the core outcome set for patient reported outcome measures.
Causal relationships between anthropometric traits, bone mineral density, osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis: a Mendelian randomization investigation
Authors: Sobczyk Maria K , Faber Benjamin G , Southam Lorraine , Frysz Monika , Hartley April , Zeggini Eleftheria ,   The Genetics of Osteoarthritis Consortium, Tang Haotian , Gaunt Tom R 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpinal stenosis is a common condition among older individuals, with significant morbidity attached. Little is known about its risk factors but degenerative conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA) have been identified for their mechanistic role. This study aims to explore causal relationships between anthropometric risk factors, osteoarthritis, and spinal stenosis using Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques.MethodsWe applied two-sample univariable and multivariable MR to investigate the causal relationships between genetic liability for select risk factors (including adiposity and skeletal traits) and spinal stenosis. Next, we examined the genetic relationship between osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis with LD score regression and CAUSE MR method. Using multivariable MR, osteoarthritis and BMI were then tested as potential mediators of the causal pathways identified.ResultsOur analysis revealed strong evidence for the effect of higher BMI (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.41-1.69, p-value=2.7 x 10-21), waist (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.15-1.79, p-value=1.5 x 10-3) and hip (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.27-1.78, p-value=3.3 x 10-6) circumference on spinal stenosis. Strong associations were observed for higher bone mineral density (BMD): total body (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.12-1.29, p-value=1.6 x 10-7), femoral neck (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.09-1.37, p-value=7.5 x 10-7), and lumbar spine (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.25-1.52, p-value=4.4 x 10-11). We detected high genetic correlations between spinal stenosis and osteoarthritis (rg range: 0.47-0.66), with Bayesian CAUSE results supporting a causal effect of osteoarthritis on spinal stenosis (ORall OA=1.6, 95% CI:1.41-1.79). Direct effects of BMI, total body/femoral neck/lumbar spine BMD on spinal stenosis remained after adjusting for osteoarthritis and/or BMI in the multivariable MR.ConclusionsGenetic susceptibility to anthropometric risk factors, particularly higher BMI and bone mineral density can increase the risk of spinal stenosis, independent of osteoarthritis status. These results improve our understanding of spinal stenosis aetiology and may inform preventative strategies and treatments.
Modifications of Two ESCRT-I Subunits with Distinct Ubiquitin Chains Regulate Plant Immunity
Authors: Wang Chaofeng , Zhang Yi , Zhou Bangjun , Verma Pooja , Hamera Sadia , Zeng Lirong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSensing of pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) at the cell surface induces the first layer of host immunity against invading microbial pathogens. The immune receptor FLS2 perceives bacterial flagellin to initiate host immune signaling upon pathogen infections. It has been known that the FLS2 abundance is crucial for plant pattern-triggered immunity. Nevertheless, the underpinning regulatory mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that XBAT35.2 positively modulates the protein level of FLS2. In addition to the Golgi, XBAT35.2 localizes at the plasma membrane and constitutively associates with FLS2, BAK1, and BIK1. Flg22 treatment increases the association of XBAT35.2 with FLS2 and BAK1 but reduces the interaction with BIK1. XBAT35.2 ubiquitinates two key components of the ESCRT-I complex, VPS37-1 and VPS28-2 with K48 and K63-linked polyubiquitin chains respectively, leading to degradation of VPS37-1 and diminished interaction of VPS28-2 with FLS2. Additionally, VPS37-1 and VPS28-2 play redundant, negative roles in FLS2-mediated immunity by promoting vacuolar breakdown of FLS2. Thus, by intercepting the function of VPS28-2 and VPS37-1, XBAT35.2 stabilizes FLS2 for host immunity. Our findings reveal a new regulatory circuit for modulating the FLS2 abundance and deepen our understanding of controlling the homeostasis of cell surface receptors.One-sentence summaryTargeting the ESCRT-I subunits VPS28-2 and VPS37-1 with distinct ubiquitin chains by the E3 ligase XBT35.2 stabilizes FLS2 and positively modulates plant immunity.
Selective inhibition of fibroblast-specific Domain Discoidin Receptor 1 (DDR1) reduces collagen deposition and modulates fibroblast-specific cytokine release within the breast microenvironment
Authors: Fein Daniel E.C. , Traugh Nicole , Rauner Gat , Mal Youssof , Trepicchio Colin , Kuperwasser Charlotte 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFibroblasts are a major cell type within breast microenvironment which play key roles in tissue remodeling during the processes of normal development, injury, and malignancy. During wound healing and tumorigenesis, fibroblasts facilitate production and degradation of the extracellular matrix and produce inflammatory mediators which act as immune regulators. Domain Discoidin Receptor 1 (DDR1) is a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor expressed by epithelial and stromal cells which is activated by collagen. In the breast, DDR1 expression and activity has been implicated in the development of fibrosis as well as chemotherapy resistance. We set out to examine whether selective inhibition of DDR1 would modulate fibroblast immunomodulatory function to generate an immune-permissive breast microenvironment and reduce stromal desmoplasia. In vivo, DDR1 inhibition resulted in mammary fibroblast tissue remodeling, reduced collagen deposition, and changes in immunomodulatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, DDR1 inhibition was associated with increased CD45.2+ immune cell infiltration and reduced Ly6G+/Ly6C− neutrophil infiltration. Mechanistically, we developed an ex-vivo 3D collagen hydrogel model of desmoplasia to study the effects of DDR1 inhibition on the expression of immune modulating factors and fibroblast functions and features. We found that DDR1 regulates the expression and secretion of key immunomodulatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1). Collectively these findings suggest that breast fibroblast-specific DDR1 mediates collagen deposition and immunomodulatory function within the mammary gland and warrants further investigation as a potential target for fibroblast-modulating therapy in benign and neoplastic breast disorders.