bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misconceptions, Misinformation, and Misperceptions: A Case for Removing the “Mis‐” When Discussing Contraceptive Beliefs
Authors: Stevens Rose , Machiyama Kazuyo , Mavodza Constancia Vimbayi , Doyle Aoife M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBeliefs about contraception are commonly conceptualized as playing an important role in contraceptive decision‐making. Interventions designed to address beliefs typically include counseling to dispel any “myths” or “misconceptions.” These interventions currently show little evidence for impact in reducing beliefs. This commentary delves into the problems associated with using implicitly negative terminology to refer to contraceptive beliefs, which come laden with assumptions as to their validity. By conceptualizing women as getting it wrong or their beliefs as invalid, it sets the scene for dubious treatment of women's concerns and hampers the design of fruitful interventions to address them. To replace the multitude of terms used, we suggest using “belief” going forward to maintain value‐free curiosity and remove any implicit assumptions about the origin or validity of a belief. We provide recommendations for measuring beliefs to help researchers understand the drivers and impacts of the belief they are measuring. Finally, we discuss implications for intervention design once different types of belief are better understood. We argue that tailored interventions by belief type would help address the root causes of beliefs and better meet women's broader contraceptive needs, such as the need for contraceptive autonomy and satisfaction.
The incidence rate of ACL injuries and ankle sprains in basketball players: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Stojanović Emilija , Faude Oliver , Nikić Miloš , Scanlan Aaron T. , Radovanović Dragan , Jakovljević Vladimir 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo quantify the incidence rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and ankle sprains according to player sex, playing level, and exposure setting (training vs. games) in basketball players.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched. Only studies reporting the number of ACL injuries and/or ankle sprains alongside the number of athlete‐exposures (training sessions and/or games) in basketball players were included.ResultsThirty studies (17 reporting ACL injuries and 16 reporting ankle sprains) were included in the meta‐analysis. Higher (p < 0.05) ACL injury incidence rates per 1000 athlete‐exposures were recorded in females (female: 0.20 95% confidence intervals [0.16–0.25]; male: 0.07 [0.05–0.08]; female‐to‐male ratio: 3.33 [3.10–3.57]), in players competing at higher playing levels (amateur: 0.06 [0.04–0.09]; intermediate: 0.16 [0.13–0.20]; elite: 0.25 [0.14–0.64]), and in games (games: female, 0.27 [0.21–0.32]; male, 0.06 [0.03–0.08]; training: female, 0.03 [0.02–0.05]; male: 0.01 [0.00–0.02]; game‐to‐training ratio: 7.90 [4.88–12.91]). Higher (p < 0.05) ankle sprain incidence rates per 1000 athlete‐exposures were observed in males (female: 0.82 [0.61–1.03]; male: 0.90 [0.61–1.19]; female‐to‐male ratio: 0.91 [0.83–0.99]), in players competing at higher playing levels (amateur: 0.54 [0.51–0.57]; intermediate: 1.12 [1.00–1.24]; elite: 1.87 [1.29–2.46]), and in games (games: 2.51 [1.85–3.16]; training: 0.80 [0.52–0.80]; game‐to‐training ratio: 2.77 [2.35–3.26]).ConclusionAccording to player sex, ACL injury incidence rate is higher in females, while ankle sprain incidence rate is greater in males. ACL injury and ankle sprain incidence rates are greater in players competing at higher playing levels and during games compared to training.
Cooperative role of AtRsmD and AtRimM proteins in modification and maturation of 16S rRNA in plastids
Authors: Liu Kaiwei , Lee Keun Pyo , Duan Jianli , Kim Eun Yu , Singh Rahul Mohan , Di Minghui , Meng Zhuoling , Kim Chanhong 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYChloroplast pre‐ribosomal RNA (rRNA) undergoes maturation, which is critical for ribosome assembly. While the central and auxiliary factors in rRNA maturation have been elucidated in bacteria, their mode of action remains largely unexplored in chloroplasts. We now reveal chloroplast‐specific factors involved in 16S rRNA maturation, Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs of bacterial RsmD methyltransferase (AtRsmD) and ribosome maturation factor RimM (AtRimM). A forward genetic screen aimed to find suppressors of the Arabidopsis yellow variegated 2 (var2) mutant defective in photosystem II quality control found a causal nonsense mutation in AtRsmD. The substantially impaired 16S rRNA maturation and translation due to the mutation rescued the leaf variegation phenotype by lowering the levels of chloroplast‐encoded proteins, including photosystem II core proteins, in var2. The subsequent co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analyses and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay found that AtRsmD interacts with AtRimM. Consistent with their interaction, loss of AtRimM also considerably impairs 16S rRNA maturation with decelerated m2G915 modification in 16S rRNA catalyzed by AtRsmD. The atrimM mutation also rescued var2 mutant phenotypes, corroborating the functional interplay between AtRsmD and AtRimM towards modification and maturation of 16S rRNA and chloroplast proteostasis. The maturation and post‐transcriptional modifications of rRNA are critical to assembling ribosomes responsible for protein translation. Here, we revealed that the cooperative regulation of 16S rRNA m2G915 modifications by AtRsmD methyltransferase and ribosome assembly factor AtRimM contributes to 16S rRNA maturation, ribosome assembly, and proteostasis in chloroplasts.
Reducing perioperative red blood cell unit issue orders, returns, and waste using failure modes and effects analysis
Authors: Lou Sunny S. , Dewey Megan M. , Bollini Mara L. , Harford Derek R. , Ingold Cindy , Wildes Troy S. , Stevens Tracey W. , Martin Jackie L. , Grossman Brenda J. , Kangrga Ivan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical transfusion has an outsized impact on hospital‐based transfusion services, leading to blood product waste and unnecessary costs. The objective of this study was to design and implement a streamlined, reliable process for perioperative blood issue ordering and delivery to reduce waste.Study Design and MethodsTo address the high rates of surgical blood issue requests and red blood cell (RBC) unit waste at a large academic medical center, a failure modes and effects analysis was used to systematically examine perioperative blood management practices. Based on identified failure modes (e.g., miscommunication, knowledge gaps), a multi‐component action plan was devised involving process changes, education, electronic clinical decision support, audit, and feedback. Changes in RBC unit issue requests, returns, waste, labor, and cost were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention.ResultsThe number of perioperative RBC unit issue requests decreased from 358 per month (SD 24) pre‐intervention to 282 per month (SD 16) post‐intervention (p < .001), resulting in an estimated savings of 8.9 h per month in blood bank staff labor. The issue‐to‐transfusion ratio decreased from 2.7 to 2.1 (p < .001). Perioperative RBC unit waste decreased from 4.5% of units issued pre‐intervention to 0.8% of units issued post‐intervention (p < .001), saving an estimated $148,543 in RBC unit acquisition costs and $546,093 in overhead costs per year.DiscussionOur intervention, designed based on a structured failure modes analysis, achieved sustained reductions in perioperative RBC unit issue orders, returns, and waste, with associated benefits for blood conservation and transfusion program costs.
On the Effects of Optimal Implementation of Variable Rotor Speed and Power Management on Hybrid-Electric Rotorcraft
Authors: Saias Chana Anna , Goulos Ioannis , Pachidis Vassilios , Bacic Marko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe concept of variable rotor speed (VRS) has been recognized as an efficient means to improve rotorcraft operational performance and environmental impact, with electrification being a potential technology to further contribute to that. This paper explores the impact of optimal implementation and scheduling of VRS and power management strategy for conventional and hybrid-electric rotorcraft on energy, fuel, and emissions footprint. A multidisciplinary simulation framework for rotorcraft performance combined with models for engine performance and gaseous emissions estimation is deployed. A holistic optimization approach is developed for the derivation of globally optimal schedules for combined rotor speed and power split targeting minimum energy consumption. Application of the derived optimal schedules at mission level resulted to a 6% improvement in range capability for the VRS tilt-rotor relative to its conventional counterpart. For the hybrid-electric tilt-rotor, combined optimization of VRS and power management leads to an increase in range to 18.4% at 40% and 25% reduced payload for current (250 Wh/kg) and future (450 Wh/kg) battery technology, respectively. For representative urban air mobility (UAM) scenarios, it is demonstrated that the VRS concept resulted in up to 10% and 14% reductions in fuel burn and NOx relative to the nominal rotor speed case, respectively. The utilization of the combined optimum VRS and power split schedules can boost performance with reductions of the order of 20% and 25% in mission fuel/CO2 and NOx at a reduced payload relative to the conventional tilt-rotor.
Numerical Simulation for Generalized Time-Fractional Burgers' Equation With Three Distinct Linearization Schemes
Authors: Chawla Reetika , Deswal Komal , Kumar Devendra , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the effectiveness of three linearization approaches for solving the time-fractional generalized Burgers' equation using a modified version of the fractional derivative by adopting the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo derivative. A stability analysis of the linearized time-fractional Burgers' difference equation was also presented. All linearization strategies used to solve the proposed nonlinear problem are unconditionally stable. To support the theory, two numerical examples are considered. Furthermore, numerical results demonstrate the comparison of linearization strategies and manifest the effectiveness of the proposed numerical scheme in three distinct ways.
Optimal Design and Experiment of Cable-Driven Puncturing Surgery Robot for Soft Needle
Authors: Li Jihua , Jiang Qi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a cable-driven puncturing surgery robot named cable-driven puncturing surgery robot (CPSR) is proposed for soft needle. The cable-driven mechanism has lower mass, smaller dimension and smooth transmission. The motor driving the rotational joints is separated using cable, which strengthens the dynamic performance of the robot. A decoupling mechanism based on movable pulley is also proposed to eliminate the cable coupling error. Transmission error of cable-driven mechanism is also analyzed to improve the control accuracy. The simulation of transmission error is completed to optimize the design parameters of cable-driven mechanism. In experiments, the feasibility of the cable decoupling mechanism is validated. Also the insertion error less than 0.7 mm and repeatability less than 2.5 mm are achieved. Finally the reasons limiting the accuracy and corresponding solutions are discussed. In the future research, the shape sensor will be fabricated using optic fiber and mounted on the slim needle which are helpful to complete automated operations with higher accuracy.
Cable Tension Optimization for an Epicardial Parallel Wire Robot
Authors: Ladak Aman , Hajjar Roger J. , Murali Srinivas , Michalek Jeremy J. , Riviere Cameron N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeartPrinter is a novel under-constrained 3-cable parallel wire robot designed for minimally invasive epicardial interventions. The robot adheres to the beating heart using vacuum suction at its anchor points, with a central injector head that operates within the triangular workspace formed by the anchors, and is actuated by cables for multipoint direct gene therapy injections. Minimizing cable tensions can reduce forces on the heart at the anchor points while supporting rapid delivery of accurate injections and minimizing procedure time, risk of damage to the robot, and strain to the heart. However, cable tensions must be sufficient to hold the injector head's position as the heart moves and to prevent excessive cable slack. We pose a linear optimization problem to minimize the sum of cable tension magnitudes for HeartPrinter while ensuring the injector head is held in static equilibrium and the tensions are constrained within a feasible range. We use Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions to derive conditional algebraic expressions for optimal cable tensions as a function of injector head position and workspace geometry, and we identify regions of injector head positions where particular combinations of cable tensions are optimally at minimum allowable tensions. The approach can rapidly solve for the minimum set of cable tensions for any robot workspace geometry and injector head position and determine whether an injection site is attainable.
Diffusivity of Human Cartilage Endplates in Healthy and Degenerated Intervertebral Disks
Authors: Ren Pengling , Chen Peng , Reeves Russell A. , Buchweitz Nathan , Niu Haijun , Gong He , Mercuri Jeremy , Reitman Charles A. , Yao Hai , Wu Yongren 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe cartilage endplates (CEPs) on the superior and inferior surfaces of the intervertebral disk (IVD), are the primary nutrient transport pathways between the disk and the vertebral body. Passive diffusion is responsible for transporting small nutrient and metabolite molecules through the avascular CEPs. The baseline solute diffusivities in healthy CEPs have been previously studied, however alterations in CEP diffusion associated with IVD degeneration remain unclear. This study aimed to quantitatively compare the solute diffusion in healthy and degenerated human CEPs using a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) approach. Seven healthy CEPs and 22 degenerated CEPs were collected from five fresh-frozen human cadaveric spines and 17 patients undergoing spine fusion surgery, respectively. The sodium fluorescein diffusivities in CEP radial and vertical directions were measured using the FRAP method. The CEP calcification level was evaluated by measuring the average X-ray attenuation. No difference was found in solute diffusivities between radial and axial directions in healthy and degenerated CEPs. Compared to healthy CEPs, the average solute diffusivity was 44% lower in degenerated CEPs (Healthy: 29.07 μm2/s (CI: 23.96–33.62 μm2/s); degenerated: 16.32 μm2/s (CI: 13.84–18.84 μm2/s), p &lt; 0.001). The average solute diffusivity had an inverse relationship with the degree of CEP calcification as determined by the normalized X-ray attenuation values (ß = −22.19, R2 = 0.633; p &lt; 0.001). This study suggests that solute diffusion through the disk and vertebral body interface is significantly hindered by CEP calcification, providing clues to help further understand the mechanism of IVD degeneration.
Skin Cooling of Turbine Airfoils by Single Wall Effusion: Part I—Reduced Order Modeling
Authors: Lange Yair , Kırmızıgöl S. Fatih , Acarer Sercan , Cukurel Beni 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A quasi-1D conjugate reduced order model (ROM) is developed to capture aero-thermal physics of effusion cooling in turbine airfoils. This framework explicitly considers the coolant supply from the leading edge and its distribution to both suction and pressure sides, the internal boundary layer flow between the shell and the inner core, the hole flow, the conduction on the solid walls, as well as the external film coverage. The solid temperature is allowed to vary both in metal shell thickness and the streamwise directions. Empirical correlations are employed to model pressure loss and heat transfer in the internal sections. Compound effect of multiple effusion cooling rows are utilized to capture cooling effectiveness and the heat load. Influence of mainstream static pressure, varying blowing ratios, hole’s diameter, hole’s pitch, coolant total pressure, and total temperature distributions along streamwise direction are taken into account. In Part I, the development and validation of the model is presented, which is shown to be capable of capturing complex internal aero-thermal physics of a turbine airfoil. Film coverage capability is separately validated successfully against available flat plate experimental data, with one case including internal channel and metal conduction. In Part II of this work, effusion cooling configuration is applied over an entire micro turbine vane and an exemplary optimization is carried out in the design space to minimize coolant flow while retaining metal temperature and its gradient below some limits. It is shown in the two-part work that the developed model is suitable for parametric studies of single-wall effusion turbine cooling such that comparative accuracy is obtained at a computational time 105 times lower than computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on a whole turbine vane/blade. Together, these two papers are intended to present, validate, and optimize the ROM for skin cooling in turbine airfoils by single-wall effusion.
Quality Control Study on 3D Printed Parts
Authors: Jackson Brandon , Fouladi Kamran , Eslami Babak 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During the past several decades, additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) has attracted attention from different fields such as design, manufacturing, aerospace, robotics, construction, biomedical, or even the food industry. As 3D printing is transitioning from being just a prototyping capability in the product development process to a final product fabrication capability, there is a need to increase the knowledge of both regular and professional 3D printing users to enhance printing quality. This work has focused on understanding the effect of printing conditions on the final quality of 3D printed parts from both visual and strength aspects. Specifically, we have focused on print deposition angle, the number of shell walls, and retraction speed. Additionally, a micro-scale characterization is performed to better understand the behavior of 3D printing polymers under different relative humidities. It is found that the number of walls does not show any conclusive pattern on the quality and strength of the parts. However, if selected properly, retraction speed and deposition angle could improve the final quality. The most optimum printing condition with maximum ultimate tensile strength is to be with two shell walls, a retraction speed of 75 mm/s and 0 degrees angle of deposition. Additionally, it is found the lower relative humidity during the prints can enhance the strength of filament bonding.
The Optimal Geometric Arrangement of Heat Pipes in Computer CPU Coolers
Authors: Das Shuva , Molki Majid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A computer central processing unit (CPU) cooler keeps the CPU at a safe operating temperature. Specifically, this study investigates an air-cooled CPU cooler. Heat pipes carry the CPU’s heat to an array of plate fins which eventually transfer the thermal energy to the outside air. Convective heat transfer in the inter-fin air gaps and conduction within the fins make this cooling a conjugate heat transfer process. Thus, the selected geometry’s conjugate heat transfer solution provides a Nusselt number correlation. The location of the heat pipe is a subtle and significant factor that affects the heat rate at those boundaries and is rarely available in the literature. Depending on the location of heat pipes for a certain Reynolds number, the heat rate could be as high as 3.75% more than the heat rate due to their original locations. A high heat rate indicates an increase in heat transfer for a heat pipe location relative to another. Ultimately, this investigation predicts an optimal geometric arrangement for the location of the heat pipes. The optimal layout of heat pipes is essential to designing thermally efficient CPU coolers.
Analysis of Inequality Constraints Without Using Lagrange Multipliers With Applications to Classical Dynamical Systems
Authors: McCann Brennan S. , Nazari Morad , Udwadia Firdaus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The fundamental equation of mechanics (FEM) for constrained motion analysis provides a way to obtain control accelerations necessary to satisfy some set of holonomic or non-holonomic constraints. The methodology provides the control necessary to either perfectly satisfy or minimize the error in all the constraints and does not require computation of Lagrange multipliers. Furthermore, this framework is capable of addressing various types of constraints, and can treat systems that are under-, fully-, or over-constrained, conveniently. The FEM formulation has most commonly been applied to a variety of classes of equality constraints. Some attempts at extending this approach to inequality constraints have been presented in the literature, including applying slack variables to provide freedom in the constraint and diffeomorphisms to map equality constraints to bounded spaces. However, these approaches have different associated advantages and drawbacks. In order to bridge the benefits of both methodologies and mitigate their issues, this work proposes a treatment of holonomic inequality constraints within the framework of the FEM wherea class of functions built on the error and Gaussian distribution functions is leveraged to treat inequality constraints on several classical dynamical case studies. The proposed technique is applied to several classes of holonomic, solitary or one-sided inequalities, and bounding inequalities for a spring-mass-damper, an inverted pendulum, and an inverted pendulum on a cart, illustrating this approach’s broad applicability to mechanical systems.
Analyzing the Process of Seaweed Drying in a Drying Cabinet
Authors: Nazemi Mohiodin , Unnþórsson Rúnar , Richter Christiaan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Seaweed is a promising organic fuel source due to its rapid growth rates, efficiency as a carbon sink, and pH resistance. It is a potential renewable fuel source since it can be transformed into high-value fuel by using either thermochemical processes such as gasification, or anaerobic digestion. However, drying the seaweed is necessary to combust, pyrolyze, or gasify seaweed. In this study, we focus on the drying process. To address this, a biomass drying cabinet was designed, constructed, tested, and experimentally evaluated. During drying runs, the temperature inside the cabinet and the moisture content of seaweed were measured. The goal of this design was to reduce the moisture content of seaweed to the optimal range for gasification-between 15% to 20%. We demonstrate the drying of fresh seaweed with an initial moisture content of around 80% to as low as 12% after 22 hours. Bladderwrack is the type of seaweed that is used in this study. Based on the results of the tests, around 19 hours of drying is needed to reduce the moisture content of seaweed to the target range (15%–20%). In conclusion, moisture reduction in Bladderwrack seaweed was analyzed and the design of the seaweed drying cabinet was evaluated. Based on our results modifications to achieve more homogeneous drying throughout the cabinet are proposed.