bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative management of patients declining transfusions of blood components—National survey of anaesthesiologists, abdominal surgeons and obstetricians in Denmark
Authors: Jauho Kristian R. , Skovmand Kamilla , Cedergreen Pernille , Johansson Pär I. , Wildgaard Kim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPerioperative management of patients declining transfusions of blood products can be challenging both ethically and clinically. Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) decline treatment with blood products and have published a list of interventions they might accept as substitutes. No detailed documentation of available substitute interventions at Danish hospitals exists. Likewise, no national guidelines exist on how to optimise patients who refuse to receive treatment with blood products. The primary aim was to investigate which treatments are currently available to healthcare professionals in Denmark when treating patients who refuse transfusion of blood components. Additionally, we wanted to investigate how many departments have local guidelines for treatment for this group of patients. Based on our findings we would suggest potential improvements in the treatment of patients declining transfusion of blood components. Consultants from Danish departments of anaesthesiology, abdominal surgery and obstetrics were invited to participate in a nationwide cross‐sectional online survey. The questionnaire explored available interventions offered perioperatively. Respondents were all on‐call consultants. The questionnaire underwent content, face and technical validation during pilot testing. Ninety‐six of 108 (89%) respondents from 55 departments completed the questionnaire. Thirty‐five (36%) respondents reported having a departmental guideline mostly dealing with judicial aspects regarding patients declining transfusions with blood, and 34 (35%) would in collaboration with other professionals make an interdisciplinary strategy for patients declining transfusions with blood. For patients declining treatment with blood products in anticoagulant treatment, and hence with a greater risk of bleeding, reverting treatment is essential. Depending on the type of anticoagulant, between 31 (32%) and 59 (60%) of respondents reported locally available guidelines for reverting anticoagulant treatments. We found a considerable variation and limited availability of interventions to minimise blood loss in patients declining transfusion of blood components. This scarcity of local guidelines together with the considerable variation of available treatment documented in our survey could possibly be enhanced by a lack of national guidelines.
Primary, allied health, geriatric, pain and palliative healthcare service utilisation by aged care residents, 2012–2017
Authors: Inacio Maria C. , Collier Luke , Air Tracy , Thapaliya Kailash , Crotty Maria , Williams Helena , Wesselingh Steve L. , Kellie Andrew , Roder David , Lewis Adrienne , Harvey Gillian , Sluggett Janet K. , Cations Monica , Gill Tiffany K. , Khadka Jyoti , Caughey Gillian E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the incidence and trends in primary care, allied health, geriatric, pain and palliative care service use by permanent residential aged care (PRAC) residents and the older Australian population.MethodsRepeated cross‐sectional analyses on PRAC residents (N = 318,484) and the older (≥65 years) Australian population (N ~ 3.5 million). Outcomes were Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) subsidised primary care, allied health, geriatric, pain and palliative services between 2012–13 and 2016–17. GEE Poisson models estimated incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR).ResultsIn 2016–17, PRAC residents had a median of 13 (interquartile range [IQR] 5–19) regular general medical practitioner (GP) attendances, 3 (IQR 1–6) after‐hours attendances and 5% saw a geriatrician. Highlights of utilisation changes from 2012–13 to 2016–17 include the following: GP attendances increased by 5%/year (IRR = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.05) for residents compared to 1%/year (IRR = 1.01, 95%CI 1.01–1.01) for the general population. GP after‐hours attendances increased by 15%/year (IRR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.14–1.15) for residents and 9%/year (IRR = 1.08, 95%CI 1.07–1.20) for the general population. GP management plans increased by 12%/year (IRR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.11–1.12) for residents and 10%/year (IRR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.09–1.11) for the general population. Geriatrician consultations increased by 28%/year (IRR = 1.28, 95%CI 1.27–1.29) for residents compared to 14%/year (IRR = 1.14, 95%CI 1.14–1.15) in the general population.ConclusionsThe utilisation of most examined services increased in both cohorts over time. Preventive and management care, by primary care and allied health care providers, was low and likely influences the utilisation of other attendances. PRAC residents' access to pain, palliative and geriatric medicine services is low and may not address the residents' needs.
The violence of collecting
Authors: Pollock Susan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPractices of collecting have been integral to archaeology as well as to anthropology more generally since the inception of the disciplines. From the history of collecting in the later nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it is clear that although the degree of coercion varied, the practices of collecting inevitably took place in contexts of starkly unequal power relations and associated forms of violence. More than just the act of collecting, it is also the ways collections are handled, made available (or not), curated, and discarded that are imbued with different kinds of violence. This article draws on the case of human and other remains recovered in excavations on the campus of the Free University of Berlin (Germany) and examines the ways in which the amassing, use, and discard of collections are entwined with violent practices.
Machine learning to predict myocardial injury and death after non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: Nolde J. M. , Schlaich M. P. , Sessler D. I. , Mian A. , Corcoran T. B. , Chow C. K. , Chan M. T. V. , Borges F. K. , McGillion M. H. , Myles P. S. , Mills N. L. , Devereaux P. J. , Hillis G. S. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryMyocardial injury due to ischaemia within 30 days of non‐cardiac surgery is prognostically relevant. We aimed to determine the discrimination, calibration, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of single‐layer and multiple‐layer neural networks for myocardial injury and death within 30 postoperative days. We analysed data from 24,589 participants in the Vascular Events in Non‐cardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation study. Validation was performed on a randomly selected subset of the study population. Discrimination for myocardial injury by single‐layer vs. multiple‐layer models generated areas (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of: 0.70 (0.69–0.72) vs. 0.71 (0.70–0.73) with variables available before surgical referral, p < 0.001; 0.73 (0.72–0.75) vs. 0.75 (0.74–0.76) with additional variables available on admission, but before surgery, p < 0.001; and 0.76 (0.75–0.77) vs. 0.77 (0.76–0.78) with the addition of subsequent variables, p < 0.001. Discrimination for death by single‐layer vs. multiple‐layer models generated areas (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of: 0.71 (0.66–0.76) vs. 0.74 (0.71–0.77) with variables available before surgical referral, p = 0.04; 0.78 (0.73–0.82) vs. 0.83 (0.79–0.86) with additional variables available on admission but before surgery, p = 0.01; and 0.87 (0.83–0.89) vs. 0.87 (0.85–0.90) with the addition of subsequent variables, p = 0.52. The accuracy of the multiple‐layer model for myocardial injury and death with all variables was 70% and 89%, respectively.
Beyond the Chokepoint: Blockades as Social Struggles
Authors: Chua Charmaine , Bosworth Kai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBlockades are a long‐standing tool used by political groups of various kinds to interrupt or redirect flows of materials, capital, and people. In this introduction to the Symposium, “On the Blockade: Geographies of Circulation and Struggle”, we review recent debates concerning the politics of spatial disruption, chokepoints, and circulation struggles. In doing so, we question some tendencies to fetishise the seizure of capital circulation as ade factoprogressive form of disruption to the contemporary order. We argue that blockades ought to be considered not merely as tactics or pure negations of capital, but instead are articulations of collective life and open‐ended attempts to build power. Thinking with blockades thus requires accounting for not only their spatial disruption but also their distinct historical contexts and social forms. We introduce the articles in this Symposium through an analysis of five modalities through which blockades can be interpreted: as moments of refusal, redistribution, provocation, subject‐formation, and concrete utopia. Finally, we describe five future directions for scholars and movements: insurgent mapping, feminist interpretation, expansion of blockade networks, analysis of reactionary blockades, and broadening the geographical and historical scope of study.
Lingular‐segment torsion after extended left‐upper division segmentectomy by video‐assisted thoracic surgery with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging
Authors: Kato Taketo , Ohara Yuko , Okado Shoji , Noritake Osamu , Nakanishi Keita , Kadomatsu Yuka , Ueno Harushi , Nakamura Shota , Fukumoto Koichi , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLingular‐segment torsion after left‐upper division segmentectomy (LUDS) is a rare complication, and the cause remains unclear. Here we report the case of a patient who developed lingular‐segment torsion after LUDS for multiple lung metastases of breast cancer. One lung nodule was located in the S1 + 2 segment and another between the upper lobe and S6 on an incomplete interlobar fissure. The lung metastases were resected by extended LUDS using video‐assisted thoracic surgery with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging. The staple line on the lingular segment was vertically tilted against the interlobar line because of the atypical defect of the fluorescence plane and nodule position. Chest X‐ray and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography indicated ischemia and torsion of the lingular segment on the second postoperative day, and completion of lingular segmentectomy was performed. This case showed the vertical intersegment staple line during LUDS was one of the important causes of postoperative torsion of the lingular segment.
School climate, school identification and student outcomes: A longitudinal investigation of student well‐being
Authors: Klik Kathleen A. , Cárdenas Diana , Reynolds Katherine J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSchools are increasingly recognized as key facilitators of child and youth well‐being. Much attention has been directed to the school social environment and the areas of school climate or school connectedness/identification. Drawing on the social identity approach and related work, it has been argued that school social identification may be the mechanism or process through which school climate comes to impact individual student functioning (Applied Psychology, 28, 2009, 171). Much of the previous research on social identity and well‐being, though, is limited because it is cross‐sectional.Aims, Sample & MethodsThis current study aims to advance understanding of the relationships between school climate, school identification and positive and negative well‐being. It adopts a three‐wave longitudinal sample of Australian students (N = 6537 wave 3, grades 7–10) and incorporates a range of control variables. Multilevel modelling (MLM) is used to test relationships of interest.Results and ConclusionsIn line with predictions, school identification was a significant mediator of the relationship between school climate and the well‐being dimensions of positive affect and depression (but not anxiety). The substantial theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed, including the role of the school social environment in helping young people successfully transition to adulthood.
Requesting a commitment in school teachers to teach in unprecedented ways: The mediating role of teacher agency
Authors: Yang Yunying , Dong Yan , Jiang Liming , Xu Chang , Luo Fang , Zhao Guoqing , Kurup Premnadh M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe necessity for the development and enhancement of teacher commitment to satisfying students' learning needs in response to the COVID crisis is increasingly highlighted. It is not known, however, how to increase commitment in schoolteachers to boost online teaching in light of the fact that they, too, are struggling to cope with the rapid, unexpected change. A total of 601 teachers from primary and secondary schools across China participated in this study, with an average teaching experience of 15.9 years. Structural equation modelling was used to verify the significance of contextual, cognitive, affective and behavioural factors in boosting teachers' commitment to online teaching. The findings demonstrated that teacher agency played a complete mediating role in the predicting power of other factors to teacher commitment. Therefore, it was recommended that attention be paid to the practice and opportunities for teacher agentic actions, which necessitates real encounters with online teaching, allowing teachers to act meaningfully and initiate a new set of teaching strategies.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

The large‐scale transition to emergency online teaching serves as the catalyst for creating a blended or hybrid model of education provision in the long term.
How hard teachers work to perform at their best and overcome obstacles to support students' learning needs in new environment relies on the intensity of teacher commitment to change.
Online and blended learning requires teachers to not only be prepared for a diverse learning environment but also to build and rebuild their own identity as future teachers.
What this paper adds

This study adds to our knowledge of how traditional F2F classroom teachers reinvented their roles and responsibilities in response to the pandemic‐driven challenges based on real‐world experiences.
As a result of the COVID‐19 lockdown school closures, schoolteachers' commitment to enhancing online teaching efforts has increased.
The study highlights the complete mediating role of teacher agency in the predicting power of cognitive and affective factors to teacher commitment.
Implications for practice and/or policy

To learn more about how to be a good online teacher, future teachers need greater deliberate effort in diverse online teaching activities.
Future teachers should be equipped with not only new technological and remote instructional strategies and skills, but also with confidence in, value for, and actual experiences with online teaching in a technology‐rich environment.
For teachers to obtain hands‐on experience in integrating technology with distance teaching pedagogy at a time of rapid change, schools should have some days online and offer blended learning opportunities wherever possible.
How do fault systems and seafloor bathymetry influence the structure and distribution characteristics of gas chimneys?
Authors: Zhang Boda , Su Ming , Chen Hui , Liu Fang , Zheng Wenyi , Su Pibo , Liang Jinqiang , Kuang Zenggui , Yang Chengzhi , Lin Zhixuan , Wu Nan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGas chimneys are key pathways for geofluid vertical migration; therefore, deciphering their formation and evolution is crucial for hydrocarbon exploration and geohazard risk assessment. However, the influences of ambient conditions (e.g. bathymetry, tectonics, sediment supply flux) on gas chimney development have not been thoroughly investigated. Using high‐resolution 3D seismic data, we have identified 59 gas chimneys beneath the Shenhu Slope (a gas hydrate test production area on the northern South China Sea margin), 35 of which intersect faults. Above fault interfaces, internal seismic structures are dominated by chaotic discontinuous reflections. Internal structures below interfaces display more continuous reflections, which are also apparent in gas chimneys, not intersecting faults. A higher degree of chaotic or discontinuous seismic reflections may indicate more fragmented networks. This may occur due to increased fluid flow along faults and concomitant fluid overpressure. The present‐day undulating seafloor comprises the inter‐canyon (IT) region, intra‐canyon (IN) region and flat slope (FD) region downstream of canyons. Gas chimneys beneath IT and IN regions exhibit elongated elliptical shapes in the plane, with the long axis azimuth (sub‐) parallel to the main strike of canyons. Chimneys beneath the IT region have larger heights than those beneath the IN and FD regions. Thicker sediment in the IT region corresponds to a higher overburden pressure, which may induce stronger overpressure in the subsurface reservoir region. This overpressure may promote chimneys gathering in the IT region. Canyons' main directions are likely to limit hydraulic fracturing due to maximum gradient boundaries between overlying sediment stress fields. This study provides insights into gas chimney distribution, morphology and structure evolution in relation to bathymetry and fault conditions. It contributes to an improved understanding of how geofluids migrate in marginal ocean basins.
A comprehensive review on potential candidates for the treatment of chagas disease
Authors: Pathak Shilpi , Bhardwaj Muskan , Agrawal Neetu , Bhardwaj Aditya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwenty different infectious disorders induced by bacteria, viruses, and parasites are categorized as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) by WHO. The severity of chagas disease remains a major concern in endemic areas and an emerging public health hazard in nonendemic countries. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of this NTD, is mostly transmitted by triatomine vectors and comprises a range of epidemiologically significant variants. Current chemotherapeutics are obsolete, and one of the primary reasons for treatment cessation is their poor safety and effectiveness. Due to the aforementioned challenges, researchers are now focusing on discovering alternative novel safe, and economically reachable therapies for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. Certain target‐based drugs that target specific biochemical processes of the causative parasites have been described as potential antichagasic agents that possesses various types of heterocyclic scaffolds. These flexible molecules have a wide range of biological actions, and various synthesized compounds with strong activity have been documented. This review aims to discuss the available literature on synthetic anti‐T. cruzi drugs that will give a food for thought to medicinal chemists thriving to design and develop such drugs. Furthermore, some of the studies discussed herein are concerned with the potential of novel drugs to block new viable sites in T. cruzi.
Evaluating global interest in biodiversity and conservation
Authors: de Oliveira Caetano Gabriel Henrique , Vardi Reut , Jarić Ivan , Correia Ricardo A. , Roll Uri , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe first target of the Convention for Biological Diversity (Aichi target 1) was to increase public awareness of the values of biodiversity and actions needed to conserve it—a key prerequisite for other conservation targets. Monitoring success in achieving this target at a global scale has been difficult; however, increased digitization of human life in recent decades has made it easier to measure people's interests at an unprecedented scale and allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of Aichi target 1 than previously attempted. We used Google search volume data for over a thousand search terms related to different aspects of biodiversity and conservation to evaluate global interest in biodiversity and its conservation. We also investigated the correlation of interest in biodiversity and conservation across countries to variables related to biodiversity, economy, demography, research, education, internet use, and presence of environmental organizations. From 2013 to 2020, global searches for biodiversity components increased, driven mostly by searches for charismatic fauna (59% of searches were for mammal species). Searches for conservation actions, driven mostly by searches for national parks, decreased since 2019, likely due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Economic inequality was negatively correlated with interest in biodiversity and conservation, whereas purchasing power was indirectly positively correlated with higher levels of education and research. Our results suggest partial success toward achieving Aichi target 1 in that interest in biodiversity increased widely, but not for conservation. We suggest that increased outreach and education efforts aimed at neglected aspects of biodiversity and conservation are still needed. Popular topics in biodiversity and conservation could be leveraged to increase awareness of other topics with attention to local socioeconomic contexts.
A case of aleukemic leukemia cutis after COVID‐19 infection presenting as facial rash
Authors: Shen Nancy W. , Freitas Cristielle Peres de , Bacchi Carlos E. , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAleukemic leukemia cutis (ALC) is a rare condition that is characterized by leukemic cells in the skin before presenting in the peripheral blood or bone marrow. We report a case of a 43‐year‐old woman who underwent assessment for bilateral facial nodules arising 1 month after COVID‐19 infection. A punch biopsy specimen showed a malignant neoplasm primarily composed of immature blasts dissecting through the collagen in the dermis, concerning for myeloid sarcoma versus leukemia cutis. Bone marrow and blood specimens were negative for hematologic malignancy. The patient was appropriately treated with chemotherapy and is recovering well. This report highlights an interesting case of ALC following COVID‐19 infection presenting as an isolated facial rash. Whether there is a true relationship between the patient's COVID‐19 infection and her abrupt presentation of leukemia remains unclear, but we present this case regardless, in an effort to highlight a potentially unique association requiring further study.
New therapeutic developments for basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kunstfeld Rainer , Nguyen Van Anh 
Published: April 2023

SummaryIn 2013, systemic therapy was introduced into the treatment of locally advanced (laBCC) and metastatic basal cell carcinoma (mBCC). Meanwhile, immunotherapy has been approved in this indication as well. Additional immunotherapies and other classes of drugs including combination regimens are currently being investigated in clinical trials. These agents might considerably expand the therapeutic armamentarium for laBCC and mBCC in the future.