bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food readjustment plus exercise training improves cardiovascular autonomic control and baroreflex sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐fed ovariectomized mice
Authors: Nascimento‐Carvalho Bruno , Dos‐Santos Adriano , Da Costa‐Santos Nicolas , Carvalho Sabrina L. , de Moraes Oscar A. , Santos Camila P. , De Angelis Katia , Caperuto Erico C. , Irigoyen Maria‐Claudia , Scapini Katia B. , Sanches Iris C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite consensus on the benefits of food readjustment and/or moderate‐intensity continuous exercise in the treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors, there is little evidence of the association between these two cardiovascular risk management strategies after menopause. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of food readjustment and/or exercise training on metabolic, hemodynamic, autonomic, and inflammatory parameters in a model of loss of ovarian function with diet‐induced obesity. Forty C57BL/6J ovariectomized mice were divided into the following groups: high‐fat diet‐fed ‐ 60% lipids throughout the protocol (HF), food readjustment ‐ 60% lipids for 5 weeks, readjusted to 10% for the next 5 weeks (FR), high‐fat diet‐fed undergoing moderate‐intensity exercise training (HFT), and food readjustment associated with moderate‐intensity exercise training (FRT). Blood glucose evaluations and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Blood pressure was assessed by direct intra‐arterial measurement. Baroreflex sensitivity was tested using heart rate phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside induced blood pressure changes. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation was evaluated in time and frequency domains. Inflammatory profile was evaluated by IL‐6, IL‐10 cytokines, and TNF‐alpha measurements. Only the exercise training associated with food readjustment strategy induced improved functional capacity, body composition, metabolic parameters, inflammatory profile, and resting bradycardia, while positively changing cardiovascular autonomic modulation and increasing baroreflex sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate that the association of these strategies seems to be effective in the management of cardiometabolic risk in a model of loss of ovarian function with diet‐induced obesity.
Short‐term semaglutide treatment improves FGF21 responsiveness in primary hepatocytes isolated from high fat diet challenged mice
Authors: Feng Jia Nuo , Shao Weijuan , Jin Tianru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMetabolic functions of GLP‐1 and its analogues have been extensively investigated. In addition to acting as an incretin and reducing body weight, we and others have suggested the existence of GLP‐1/fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) axis in which liver mediates certain functions of GLP‐1 receptor agonists. In a more recent study, we found with surprise that four‐week treatment with liraglutide but not semaglutide stimulated hepatic FGF21 expression in HFD‐challenged mice. We wondered whether semaglutide can also improve FGF21 sensitivity or responsiveness and hence triggers the feedback loop in attenuating its stimulation on hepatic FGF21 expression after a long‐term treatment. Here, we assessed effect of daily semaglutide treatment in HFD‐fed mice for 7 days. HFD challenge attenuated effect of FGF21 treatment on its downstream events in mouse primary hepatocytes, which can be restored by 7‐day semaglutide treatment. In mouse liver, 7‐day semaglutide treatment stimulated FGF21 as well as genes that encode its receptor (FGFR1) and the obligatory co‐receptor (KLB), and a battery of genes that are involved in lipid homeostasis. In epididymal fat tissue, expressions of a battery genes including Klb affected by HFD challenge were reversed by 7‐day semaglutide treatment. We suggest that semaglutide treatment improves FGF21 sensitivity which is attenuated by HFD challenge.
Central angiotensin 1–7 triggers brown fat thermogenesis
Authors: Evangelista F. S. , Bartness T. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that third ventricular (3V) injections of angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1–7) increases thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and whether the Mas receptor mediates this response. First, in male Siberian hamsters (n = 18), we evaluated the effect of Ang 1–7 in the interscapular BAT (IBAT) temperature and, using selective Mas receptor antagonist A‐779, the role of Mas receptor in this response. Each animal received 3V injections (200 nL), with 48 h intervals: saline; Ang 1–7 (0.03, 0.3, 3, and 30 nmol); A‐779 (3 nmol); and Ang 1–7 (0.3 nmol) + A‐779 (3 nmol). IBAT temperature increased after 0.3 nmol Ang 1–7 compared with Ang 1–7 + A‐779 at 20, 30, and 60 min. Also, 0.3 nmol Ang 1–7 increased IBAT temperature at 10 and 20 min, and decreased at 60 min compared with pretreatment. IBAT temperature decreased after A‐779 at 60 min and after Ang 1–7 + A‐779 at 30 and 60 min compared with the respective pretreatment. A‐779 and Ang 1–7 + A‐779 decreased core temperature at 60 min compared with 10 min. Then, we evaluated blood and tissue Ang 1–7 levels, and the expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in IBAT. Male Siberian hamsters (n = 36) were killed 10 min after one of the injections. No changes were observed in blood glucose, serum and IBAT Ang 1–7 levels, and ATGL. Ang 1–7 (0.3 nmol) increased p‐HSL expression compared with A‐779 and increased p‐HSL/HSL ration compared with other injections. Ang 1–7 and Mas receptor immunoreactive cells were found in brain regions that coincide with the sympathetic nerves outflow to BAT. In conclusion, 3V injection of Ang 1–7 induced thermogenesis in IBAT in a Mas receptor‐dependent manner.
Associations of atrial natriuretic peptide with measures of insulin and adipose depots
Authors: Couch Catharine A. , Fowler Lauren A. , Parcha Vibhu , Arora Pankaj , Gower Barbara A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow concentrations of natriuretic peptides (NPs) have been associated with greater risk for Type 2 diabetes (T2D). African American individuals (AA) have lower NP levels and are disproportionately burdened by T2D. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that higher post‐challenge insulin in AA adults is associated with lower plasma N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (NT‐proANP). A secondary purpose was to explore associations between NT‐proANP and adipose depots. Participants were 112 AA and European American (EA) adult men and women. Measures of insulin were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic glucose clamp. Total and regional adipose depots were measured from DXA and MRI. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess associations of NT‐proANP with measures of insulin and adipose depots. Lower NT‐proANP concentrations in AA participants was not independent of 30‐min insulin area under the curve (AUC). NT‐proANP was inversely associated with 30‐min insulin AUC in AA participants, and with fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR in EA participants. Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue and perimuscular adipose tissue were positively associated with NT‐proANP in EA participants. Higher post‐challenge insulin may contribute to lower ANP concentrations in AA adults.
Muscle sympathetic nerve activity during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Greenwall Kelly M. , Brislane Áine , Matenchuk Brittany A. , Sivak Allison , Davenport Margie H. , Steinback Craig D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to quantify the impact of healthy and complex pregnancy on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest, and in response to stress. Structured searches of electronic databases were performed until February 23, 2022. All study designs (except reviews) were included: population (pregnant individuals); exposures (healthy and complicated pregnancy with direct measures of MSNA); comparator (individuals who were not pregnant, or with uncomplicated pregnancy); and outcomes (MSNA, BP, and heart rate). Twenty‐seven studies (N = 807) were included. MSNA burst frequency was higher in pregnancy (n = 201) versus non‐pregnant controls (n = 194) (Mean Differences [MD], MD: 10.6 bursts/min; 95% CI: 7.2, 14.0; I2 = 72%). Accounting for the normative increase in heart rate with gestation, burst incidence was also higher during pregnancy (Pregnant N = 189, non‐pregnant N = 173; MD: 11 bpm; 95% CI: 8, 13 bpm; I2 = 47%; p < 0.0001). Meta‐regression analyses confirmed that although sympathetic burst frequency and incidence are augmented during pregnancy, this was not significantly associated with gestational age. Compared to uncomplicated pregnancy, individuals with obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and gestational hypertension exhibited sympathetic hyperactivity, while individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus or preeclampsia did not. Uncomplicated pregnancies exhibited a lesser response to head‐up tilt, but an exaggerated sympathetic responsiveness to cold pressor stress compared to non‐pregnant individuals. MSNA is higher in pregnant individuals and further increased with some, but not all pregnancy complications. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022311590.
Retracted: Microvascular resistance reserve in the presence of functionally significant epicardial stenosis and changes after revascularization
Authors: Hanyu Yoshihiro , Hoshino Masahiro , Usui Eisuke , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Hada Masahiro , Nagamine Tatsuhiro , Nogami Kai , Ueno Hiroki , Sayama Kodai , Matsuda Kazuki , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the presence of functionally significant epicardial lesions, microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) calculation needs incorporation of collateral flow. Coronary fractional flow reserve (FFRcor) requiring coronary wedge pressure (Pw), which is an essential part of the true MRR calculation, is reportedly estimated by myocardial FFR (FFRmyo) not requiring Pw measurement. We sought to find an equation to calculate MRR without the need for Pw. Furthermore, we assessed changes in MRR after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). An equation to estimate FFRcor was developed from a cohort of 230 patients who underwent physiological measurements and PCI. Corrected MRR was calculated using this equation and compared with true MRR in 115 patients of the different set of the validation cohort. True MRR was calculated using FFRcor. FFRcor and FFRmyo showed a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.86) and an equation was FFRcor = 1.36 × FFRmyo – 0.34. This equation provided no significant difference between corrected MRR and true MRR in the validation cohort. Pre‐PCI lower coronary flow reserve and higher index of microcirculatory resistance were independent predictors of pre‐PCI decreased true MRR. True MRR significantly decreased after PCI. In conclusion, MRR can be accurately corrected using an equation for FFRcor estimation without Pw.
Vagus nerve stimulation parameters evoke differential neuronal responses in the locus coeruleus
Authors: Farrand Ariana , Jacquemet Vincent , Verner Ryan , Owens Misty , Beaumont Eric 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used to treat drug‐resistant epilepsy and depression, with additional applications under investigation. The noradrenergic center locus coeruleus (LC) is vital for VNS effects; however, the impact of varying stimulation parameters on LC activation is poorly understood. This study characterized LC activation across VNS parameters. Extracellular activity was recorded in rats' left LC while 11 VNS paradigms, utilizing variable frequencies and bursting characteristics, were pseudorandomly delivered to the left cervical vagus for five cycles. Neurons' change from baseline firing rate and timing response profiles were assessed. The proportion of neurons categorized as responders over 5 VNS cycles doubled in comparison to the first VNS cycle (p < 0.001) for all VNS paradigms, demonstrating an amplification effect. The percentage of positively consistent/positive responders increased for standard VNS paradigms with frequencies ≥10 Hz and for bursting paradigms with shorter interburst intervals and more pulses per burst. The synchrony between pairs of LC neurons increased during bursting VNS but not standard paradigms. Also, the probability of evoking a direct response during bursting VNS was higher with longer interburst intervals and a higher number of pulses per burst. Standard paradigms between 10–30 Hz best positively activates LC with consistency to VNS while the best bursting paradigm to increase activity was 300 Hz, seven pulses per burst separated by 1 s. Bursting VNS was effective in increasing synchrony between pairs of neurons, suggesting a common network recruitment originating from vagal afferents. These results indicate differential activation of LC neurons depending on the VNS parameters delivered.
Exercise training reduces circulating cytokines in male patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes: A pilot study
Authors: Garneau Léa , Terada Tasuku , Mistura Matheus , Mulvihill Erin E. , Reed Jennifer L. , Aguer Céline 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow‐grade inflammation is central to coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is reduced by exercise training. The objective of this study was to compare the anti‐inflammatory potential of moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity continuous training (MICT) and high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) in patients with CAD with or without T2D. The design and setting of this study is based on a secondary analysis of registered randomized clinical trial NCT02765568. Male patients with CAD were randomly assigned to either MICT or HIIT, with subgroups divided according to T2D status (non‐T2D‐HIIT n = 14 and non‐T2D‐MICT n = 13; T2D‐HIIT n = 6 and T2D‐MICT n = 5). The intervention was a 12‐week cardiovascular rehabilitation program consisting of either MICT or HIIT (twice weekly sessions) and circulating cytokines measured pre‐ and post‐training as inflammatory markers. The co‐occurrence of CAD and T2D was associated with increased plasma IL‐8 (p = 0.0331). There was an interaction between T2D and the effect of the training interventions on plasma FGF21 (p = 0.0368) and IL‐6 (p = 0.0385), which were further reduced in the T2D groups. An interaction between T2D, training modalities, and the effect of time (p = 0.0415) was detected for SPARC, with HIIT increasing circulating concentrations in the control group, while lowering them in the T2D group, and the inverse occurring with MICT. The interventions also reduced plasma FGF21 (p = 0.0030), IL‐6 (p = 0.0101), IL‐8 (p = 0.0087), IL‐10 (p < 0.0001), and IL‐18 (p = 0.0009) irrespective of training modality or T2D status. HIIT and MICT resulted in similar reductions in circulating cytokines known to be increased in the context of low‐grade inflammation in CAD patients, an effect more pronounced in patients with T2D for FGF21 and IL‐6.
Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
Authors: Kumar Ashok , AlGhamdi Khalid M. , Khan Anis Ahmed , Ahamad Rizwan , Ghadeer Abdulrahman , Bari Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plants are considered as a source of medicine to treat skin-related disorders since decades. Seeds of Psoralea corylifolia were used thousands of years ago for re-pigmentation in vitiligo patients especially in South Asia. It is a well-known fact that melanocytes, which are the specialized cells in the skin causes vitiligo through a series of chemical and enzymatic reactions, mainly due to the copper containing enzyme tyrosinase. Conditions associated with overproduction of melanin are termed hyperpigmentation. The treatment options are generally limited due to the complicated and slow pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, therapeutic repigmentation modalities for the treatment of vitiligo are highly desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various doses of ethanol and water extracts of P. corylifolia seeds on proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes and its gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profiling.
Differential geometric global smoothings of simple normal crossing complex surfaces with trivial canonical bundle
Authors: Doi Mamoru , Yotsutani Naoto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLetXXbe a simple normal crossing (SNC) compact complex surface with trivial canonical bundle which includes triple intersections. We prove that ifXXisdd-semistable, then there exists a family of smoothings in a differential geometric sense. This can be interpreted as a differential geometric analogue of the smoothability results due to Friedman, Kawamata-Namikawa, Felten-Filip-Ruddat, Chan-Leung-Ma, and others in algebraic geometry. The proof is based on an explicit construction of local smoothings around the singular locus ofXX, and the first author’s existence result of holomorphic volume forms on global smoothings ofXX. In particular, these volume forms are given as solutions of a nonlinear elliptic partial differential equation. As an application, we provide several examples ofdd-semistable SNC complex surfaces with trivial canonical bundle including double curves, which are smoothable to complex tori, primary Kodaira surfaces, andK3K3surfaces. We also provide several examples of such complex surfaces including triple points, which are smoothable toK3K3surfaces.
Efficient and eco-friendly isolation and purification of lignin from black liquor with choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Hou Yi , Liu Chao , Hu Songqing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study developed an efficient and green method for isolating and purifying lignin from black liquor (BL) using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). After the short and mild process (700 W microwave-assisted, 100 °C, DES: BL 1:5 (v: v), 30 min) using optimized DES (lactic acid (LA): choline chloride (ChCl) 10:1, molar ratio), the yield and purity of lignin obtained from 100 mL BL was 1.58 g and 88.12%, respectively, which was more efficient than the results of 1.18 g and 78.54% of the conventional process. Furthermore, more than 95% of initial results were obtained after three cycles. The composition and structure of DESs and conventionally purified lignin were slightly different. The solvent costs for both processes were also evaluated, showing that the DES process has great potential to replace traditional bulky and environmentally unfriendly procedures for lignin isolation and purification and to help develop new strategies for the potential added value of lignin.
Penetration of Cultures, Penetration of Crimes: Who Do Borders Protect?
Authors: Budyn-Kulik Magdalena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to highlight some implications of the creation of closed, culturally alien communities and the possible consequences of their functioning from a criminological and victimological perspective. Various processes emerging since about the second half of the 20th century, in Europe as well as in the United States of America, have caused cultural transformations leading to the emergence of cultural pluralism (polyculturalism, multiculturalism) in various forms. This represents one of the greatest challenges of the modern world on many levels, including prophylaxis and crime prevention. Of particular concern is the issue of assessing the behaviour of an offender belonging to a closed, culturally different group. variants of such a situation can be considered – when the perpetrator and the victim belong to culturally different communities or the same one, and depending on whether the perpetrator’s behaviour constitutes an act judged negatively in the closed group to which they belong or whether it fulfils the characteristics of a crime in the legal system of the external community.
The Polish–Belarusian Border Crisis and the (Lack of) European Union Response
Authors: Bodnar Adam , Grzelak Agnieszka 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the migration crisis on the Polish–Belarusian border. The authors believe that the actions of the Polish authorities violated the requirements set by human rights standards, including the obligations arising from Poland’s membership of the EU and the Council of Europe. This is confirmed not only by legal doctrine and the reports of non-governmental organisations, present on the ground despite all the restrictions, but also by interim-measure orders issued by the ECtHR against the Polish government. In the first part of the text, the authors summarise the situation, recalling the most important events that took place on the Polish–Belarusian border. The second part discusses the most important obligations of the EU arising both from the treaties creating it and also from the secondary legislation adopted on their basis. The juxtaposition of the EU’s actual response and the obligations written on paper may lead to the conclusion that the EU’s actions are insufficient under EU law. Relying on the texts of legal acts and other available information, the authors argue that the EU’s actions, in a certain amount of compromise with political interests, even detract from its credibility as an organisation that also aims to protect human rights externally.
The State of Emergency in Poland as the Key to Curbing Unregulated Migration
Authors: Adamczyk Anita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyse the Polish legislature’s activity during the state of emergency in the field of curbing illegal migration. The thesis of the article states that the introduction of the state of emergency on the Polish–Belarusian border facilitated the legal changes aimed at reducing the scale of illegal migration on the border and their implementation. The proposed changes brought about new solutions that provided, for example, for the obligation to immediately leave the territory of Poland, issuance of a decision obliging a foreigner to return when he/she crossed or attempted to cross the border illegally, or construction of a wall on the Polish–Belarusian border.
The Migration Crisis on the Polish–Belarusian Border
Authors: Zdanowicz Mieczysława 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The crisis on the Polish–Belarusian border resulting in the unregulated migration of foreigners into the territory of Poland was inspired and supported by the Belarusian regime and was aimed at destabilizing the situation in the region. Poland was therefore forced to take action to protect the national border, which is also the external border of the European Union. However, some of the legal solutions that were adopted raise questions about their legality.
Criminal Prosecution and Punishment of Migrants in Spain: A Border Criminology Perspective
Authors: García-España Elisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The exceptional use of criminal law to achieve migration policy objectives has been a reality in Spain since the first Aliens Law was passed in 1985. Since then, academia has warned about the discriminatory and exclusionary effects of this confluence. This paper critically analyses a series of exceptional Spanish criminal and migration policy measures aimed at criminalising certain population movements. The aim is to show the mechanisms used by criminal justice in Spain to manage human mobility from the perspective of border criminology. Among other things, I will analyse (1) ‘hot returns’ and (2) racial profiling in police stops, both as police reactions. I will also study (3) the expulsion of convicted foreigners and (4) criminal records as a migration control strategy and, finally, the deprivation of liberty for migration control purposes, such as (5) detention centres for migrants and (6) prison release strategies. The aim is to show that Spanish penal policy, taken in a broad sense as all eminently criminal measures and those where criminal law and immigration law converge, has as its main objective to socially render harmless (innocuousation) foreign suspects, convicts and ex-convicts in Spain with different and exceptional measures that push them to the margins of society.