bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery, mode of action, resistance mechanisms, and plan of action for sustainable use of Group 14 herbicides
Authors: Barker Abigail L. , Pawlak John , Duke Stephen O. , Beffa Roland , Tranel Patrick J. , Wuerffel Joe , Young Bryan , Porri Aimone , Liebl Rex , Aponte Raphael , Findley Douglas , Betz Michael , Lerchl Jens , Culpepper Stanley , Bradley Kevin , Dayan Franck E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides remain an important and useful chemistry 60 yr after their first introduction. In this review, based on topics introduced at the Weed Science Society of America 2021 symposium titled “A History, Overview, and Plan of Action on PPO Inhibiting Herbicides,” we discuss the current state of PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Renewed interest in the PPO-inhibiting herbicides in recent years, due to increased use and increased cases of resistance, has led to refinements in knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of PPO inhibitors. Herein we discuss the importance of the two isoforms of PPO in plants, compile a current knowledge of target-site resistance mechanisms, examine non–target site resistance cases, and review crop selectivity mechanisms. Consistent and reproducible greenhouse screening and target-site mutation assays are necessary to effectively study and compare PPO-inhibitor resistance cases. To this end, we cover best practices in screening to accurately identify resistance ratios and properly interpret common screens for point mutations. The future of effective and sustainable PPO-inhibitor use relies on development of new chemistries that maintain activity on resistant biotypes and the promotion of responsible stewardship of PPO inhibitors both new and old. We present the biorational design of the new PPO inhibitor trifludimoxazin to highlight the future of PPO-inhibitor development and discuss the elements of sustainable weed control programs using PPO inhibitors, as well as how responsible stewardship can be incentivized. The sustained use of PPO inhibitors in future agriculture relies on the effective and timely communication from mode of action and resistance research to agronomists, Extension workers, and farmers.
Influence of Organized Turbulence on OH Reactivity at a Deciduous Forest
Authors: Clifton Olivia E. , Patton Edward G. , Barth Mary , Orlando John , Wang Siyuan , Baublitz Colleen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOxidation of reactive carbon fuels climate‐ and pollution‐relevant chemistry. Deciduous forests are important sources of reactive carbon (particularly isoprene). Organization in turbulence can physically separate (“segregate”) oxidants from reactive carbon, causing oxidation to increase or decrease relative to the (ubiquitous) assumption of well‐mixed conditions. We use large eddy simulation coupled to a multilayer canopy model and simplified chemistry to quantify the impact of segregation on near‐canopy hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity. Simulations mimic summer clear‐sky midday and morning conditions at a homogeneous deciduous forest. OH‐isoprene segregation alters OH reactivity inside the canopy by up to 9%, but the impact strongly depends on height, soil NO emissions, and sunlight. Uniquely, we identify the drivers of changes by isolating the roles of isoprene and OH. Our findings also suggest that segregation may create discrepancies between direct measurements and bottom‐up estimates of OH reactivity, separate from the issue of mischaracterized or unknown OH sinks.
Which Upstream Solar Wind Conditions Matter Most in Predicting Bz Within Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Riley Pete , Reiss M. A. , Möstl C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurately predicting the z‐component of the interplanetary magnetic field, particularly during the passage of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME), is a crucial objective for space weather predictions. Currently, only a handful of techniques have been proposed and they remain limited in scope and accuracy. Recently, a robust machine learning technique was developed for predicting the minimum value of Bz within ICMEs based on a set of 42 “features,” that is, variables calculated from measured quantities upstream of the ICME and within its sheath region. In this study, we investigate these so‐called explanatory variables in more detail, focusing on those that were (a) statistically significant and (b) most important. We find that number density and magnetic field strength accounted for a large proportion of the variability. These features capture the degree to which the ICME compresses the ambient solar wind ahead. Intuitively, this makes sense: Energy made available to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as they erupt is partitioned into magnetic and kinetic energy. Thus, more powerful CMEs are launched with larger flux‐rope fields (larger Bz), at greater speeds, resulting in more sheath compression (increased number density and total field strength).
Computerized cognitive training in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with blinded and objective outcomes
Authors: Westwood Samuel J. , Parlatini Valeria , Rubia Katya , Cortese Samuele , Sonuga-Barke Edmund J. S. ,   European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG), Banaschewski T. , Baeyens D. , Bölte S. , Brandeis D. , Buitelaar J. , Carucci S. , Coghill D. , Daley D. , Döpfner M. , Ferrin M. , Galera C. , Hollis C. , Holtmann M. , Purper-Ouakil D. , Nagy P. , Santosh P. , Simonoff E. , Sonuga-Barke E. J. , Soutullo C. A. , Stringaris A. , Thapar A. , van der Oord S. , van den Hoofdakker B. J. , Zuddas A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis meta-analysis investigated the effects of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on clinical, neuropsychological and academic outcomes in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors searched PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science until 19th January 2022 for parallel-arm randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CCT in individuals with ADHD. Random-effects meta-analyses pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) between CCT and comparator arms. RCT quality was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool (PROSPERO: CRD42021229279). Thirty-six RCTs were meta-analysed, 17 of which evaluated working memory training (WMT). Analysis of outcomes measured immediately post-treatment and judged to be “probably blinded” (PBLIND; trialn = 14) showed no effect on ADHD total (SMD = 0.12, 95%CI[−0.01 to −0.25]) or hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (SMD = 0.12, 95%[−0.03 to−0.28]). These findings remained when analyses were restricted to trials (n: 5–13) with children/adolescents, low medication exposure, semi-active controls, or WMT or multiple process training. There was a small improvement in inattention symptoms (SMD = 0.17, 95%CI[0.02–0.31]), which remained when trials were restricted to semi-active controls (SMD = 0.20, 95%CI[0.04–0.37]), and doubled in size when assessed in the intervention delivery setting (n = 5, SMD = 0.40, 95%CI[0.09–0.71]), suggesting a setting-specific effect. CCT improved WM (verbal:n = 15, SMD = 0.38, 95%CI[0.24–0.53]; visual-spatial:n = 9, SMD = 0.49, 95%CI[0.31–0.67]), but not other neuropsychological (e.g., attention, inhibition) or academic outcomes (e.g., reading, arithmetic; analysedn: 5–15). Longer-term improvement (at ~6-months) in verbal WM, reading comprehension, and ratings of executive functions were observed but relevant trials were limited in number (n: 5–7). There was no evidence that multi-process training was superior to working memory training. In sum, CCT led to shorter-term improvements in WM, with some evidence that verbal WM effects persisted in the longer-term. Clinical effects were limited to small, setting specific, short-term effects on inattention symptoms.
Timing to be precise? An overview of spike timing-dependent plasticity, brain rhythmicity, and glial cells interplay within neuronal circuits
Authors: Andrade-Talavera Yuniesky , Fisahn André , Rodríguez-Moreno Antonio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the mammalian brain information processing and storage rely on the complex coding and decoding events performed by neuronal networks. These actions are based on the computational ability of neurons and their functional engagement in neuronal assemblies where precise timing of action potential firing is crucial. Neuronal circuits manage a myriad of spatially and temporally overlapping inputs to compute specific outputs that are proposed to underly memory traces formation, sensory perception, and cognitive behaviors. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) and electrical brain rhythms are suggested to underlie such functions while the physiological evidence of assembly structures and mechanisms driving both processes continues to be scarce. Here, we review foundational and current evidence on timing precision and cooperative neuronal electrical activity driving STDP and brain rhythms, their interactions, and the emerging role of glial cells in such processes. We also provide an overview of their cognitive correlates and discuss current limitations and controversies, future perspectives on experimental approaches, and their application in humans.
A novel murine model of mania
Authors: Li Xinyu , Chen Binjie , Zhang Dianjun , Wang Siman , Feng Yuliang , Wu Xiafang , Cui Lulu , Ji Ming , Gong Wenliang , Verkhratsky Alexei , Xia Maosheng , Li Baoman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeuropathological mechanisms of manic syndrome or manic episodes in bipolar disorder remain poorly characterised, as the research progress is severely limited by the paucity of appropriate animal models. Here we developed a novel mania mice model by combining a series of chronic unpredictable rhythm disturbances (CURD), which include disruption of circadian rhythm, sleep deprivation, exposure to cone light, with subsequent interference of followed spotlight, stroboscopic illumination, high-temperature stress, noise disturbance and foot shock. Multiple behavioural and cell biology tests comparing the CURD-model with healthy controls and depressed mice were deployed to validate the model. The manic mice were also tested for the pharmacological effects of various medicinal agents used for treating mania. Finally, we compared plasma indicators of the CURD-model mice and the patients with the manic syndrome. The CURD protocol produced a phenotype replicating manic syndrome. Mice exposed to CURD presented manic behaviours similar to that observed in the amphetamine manic model. These behaviours were distinct from depressive-like behaviours recorded in mice treated with a depression-inducing protocol of chronic unpredictable mild restraint (CUMR). Functional and molecular indicators in the CURD mania model showed multiple similarities with patients with manic syndrome. Treatment with LiCl and valproic acid resulted in behavioural improvements and recovery of molecular indicators. A novel manic mice model induced by environmental stressors and free from genetic or pharmacological interventions is a valuable tool for research into pathological mechanisms of mania.
Elevated ROS levels during the early development of Angelman syndrome alter the apoptotic capacity of the developing neural precursor cells
Authors: Simchi Lilach , Gupta Pooja Kri , Feuermann Yonatan , Kaphzan Hanoch 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the maternally inherited loss of function of the UBE3A gene. AS is characterized by a developmental delay, lack of speech, motor dysfunction, epilepsy, autistic features, happy demeanor, and intellectual disability. While the cellular roles of UBE3A are not fully understood, studies suggest that the lack of UBE3A function is associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the accumulating evidence emphasizing the importance of ROS during early brain development and its involvement in different neurodevelopmental disorders, up to date, the levels of ROS in AS neural precursor cells (NPCs) and the consequences on AS embryonic neural development have not been elucidated. In this study we show multifaceted mitochondrial aberration in AS brain-derived embryonic NPCs, which exhibit elevated mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), lower levels of endogenous reduced glutathione, excessive mitochondrial ROS (mROS) levels, and increased apoptosis compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. In addition, we report that glutathione replenishment by glutathione-reduced ethyl ester (GSH-EE) corrects the excessive mROS levels and attenuates the enhanced apoptosis in AS NPCs. Studying the glutathione redox imbalance and mitochondrial abnormalities in embryonic AS NPCs provides an essential insight into the involvement of UBE3A in early neural development, information that can serve as a powerful avenue towards a broader view of AS pathogenesis. Moreover, since mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated ROS levels were associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders, the findings herein suggest some potential shared underlying mechanisms for these disorders as well.
Transgelin promotes lung cancer progression via activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts with enhanced IL-6 release
Authors: Sun Chanjun , Zhang Kaishang , Ni Chen , Wan Jiajia , Duan Xixi , Lou Xiaohan , Yao Xiaohan , Li Xiangnan , Wang Ming , Gu Zhuoyu , Yang Pengyuan , Li Zhenzhen , Qin Zhihai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the principal constituent of the heterogenous tumor microenvironment, have been shown to promote tumor progression; however, the underlying mechanism is still less clear. Here, we find that transgelin (TAGLN) protein levels increased in primary CAFs isolated from human lung cancer, compared with those in paired normal fibroblasts. Tumor microarrays (TMAs) revealed that increased stromal TAGLN levels correlates with more lymphatic metastasis of tumor cells. In a subcutaneous tumor transplantation model, overexpression of Tagln in fibroblasts also increased tumor cell spread in mice. Further experiments show that Tagln overexpression promoted fibroblast activation and mobility in vitro. And TAGLN facilitates p-p65 entry into the nucleus, thereby activating the NF-κB signaling pathway in fibroblasts. Activated fibroblasts promote lung cancer progression via enhancing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukine-6 (IL-6). Our study revealed that the high levels of stromal TAGLN is a predictive risk factor for patients with lung cancer. Targeting stromal TAGLN may present an alternative therapeutic strategy against lung cancer progression.
Posttraumatic stress symptom severity predicts cognitive decline beyond the effect of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in Veterans
Authors: Prieto Sarah , Nolan Kate E. , Moody Jena N. , Hayes Scott M. , Hayes Jasmeet P. ,   for the Department of Defense Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2023

AbstractChronic stress is a risk factor for dementia but whether it explains unique variance in cognitive decline in older adults above Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers is unknown. In a preclinical cohort of Vietnam Veterans, we examined the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, AD biomarkers of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, and change in cognitive performance on two widely-used screeners, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Analyses indicated that PTSD symptom severity was associated with a greater decline on the MMSE (p < 0.04) and MoCA (p < 0.024) after adjusting for biomarkers of AD, notably on the attention scale of the MoCA and the memory index of the MMSE. These analyses survived multiple comparison corrections. Taken together, PTSD symptom severity is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Treating PTSD should be considered instrumental to maintaining cognitive function as adults age.
MBTPS2 acts as a regulator of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis through SREBP signalling in prostate cancer
Authors: Tibbo Amy J. , Hartley Andrew , Vasan Richa , Shaw Robin , Galbraith Laura , Mui Ernest , Leung Hing Y. , Ahmad Imran 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the developed world, with most deaths caused by advanced and metastatic disease which has no curative options. Here, we identified Mbtps2 alteration to be associated with metastatic disease in an unbiased in vivo screen and demonstrated its regulation of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism.

Methods
The Sleeping Beauty transposon system was used to randomly alter gene expression in the PtenNull murine prostate. MBTPS2 was knocked down by siRNA in LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 cell lines, which were then phenotypically investigated. RNA-Seq was performed on LNCaP cells lacking MBTPS2, and pathways validated by qPCR. Cholesterol metabolism was investigated by Filipin III staining.

Results
Mbtps2 was identified in our transposon-mediated in vivo screen to be associated with metastatic prostate cancer. Silencing of MBTPS2 expression in LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 human prostate cancer cells reduced proliferation and colony forming growth in vitro. Knockdown of MBTPS2 expression in LNCaP cells impaired cholesterol synthesis and uptake along with reduced expression of key regulators of fatty acid synthesis, namely FASN and ACACA.

Conclusion
MBTPS2 is implicated in progressive prostate cancer and may mechanistically involve its effects on fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism.
Diagnosis and management of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Experience of the UK national diagnostic service, Sheffield
Authors: Bowen Jessica M. , Hernandez Monica , Johnson Diana S. , Green Claire , Kammin Tammy , Baker Duncan , Keigwin Sylvia , Makino Seiko , Taylor Naomi , Watson Oliver , Wheeldon Nigel M. , Sobey Glenda J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe UK National Diagnostic Service for Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) was established in 2009 for the rare types of EDS. Vascular EDS (vEDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the COL3A1 gene. Associated tissue fragility affects multiple organ systems, increasing the risk of blood vessel dissection and rupture, with potentially fatal consequences. The diagnosis of vEDS has improved with advances in genetic testing, however this is most often suspected following an acute event. We provide data on the clinical features of vEDS for 180 patients (full cohort) seen in our service with confirmed molecular diagnoses. Increased awareness of this rare condition will prompt genetic testing essential to confirm the diagnosis. Outcomes are improved by early diagnosis followed by appropriate management. Fragile connective tissues make invasive procedures potentially dangerous, particularly in an emergency setting. Lifestyle advice from a young age can help acceptance and understanding of the diagnosis and inform choices. There is currently limited evidence for the use of drug therapy to reduce vascular events. We report on the incidence of vascular events in 126 patients (statistical analysis cohort) in our care and the use of medication. Our retrospective data showed that those patients on a long-term angiotensin II receptor blocker and/or beta-blocker had fewer vascular events than those not on cardiac medication who received the same lifestyle and emergency care advice.
Reversal of nanomagnets by propagating magnons in ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet enabling nonvolatile magnon memory
Authors: Baumgaertl Korbinian , Grundler Dirk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the unprecedented downscaling of CMOS integrated circuits, memory-intensive machine learning and artificial intelligence applications are limited by data conversion between memory and processor. There is a challenging quest for novel approaches to overcome this so-called von Neumann bottleneck. Magnons are the quanta of spin waves. Their angular momentum enables power-efficient computation without charge flow. The conversion problem would be solved if spin wave amplitudes could be stored directly in a magnetic memory. Here, we report the reversal of ferromagnetic nanostripes by spin waves which propagate in an underlying spin-wave bus. Thereby, the charge-free angular momentum flow is stored after transmission over a macroscopic distance. We show that the spin waves can reverse large arrays of ferromagnetic stripes at a strikingly small power level. Combined with the already existing wave logic, our discovery is path-breaking for the new era of magnonics-based in-memory computation and beyond von Neumann computer architectures.
Long-term measles antibody profiles following different vaccine schedules in China, a longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Qianli , Wang Wei , Winter Amy K. , Zhan Zhifei , Ajelli Marco , Trentini Filippo , Wang Lili , Li Fangcai , Yang Juan , Xiang Xingyu , Liao Qiaohong , Zhou Jiaxin , Guo Jinxin , Yan Xuemei , Liu Nuolan , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Grenfell Bryan T. , Yu Hongjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCharacterizing the long-term kinetics of maternally derived and vaccine-induced measles immunity is critical for informing measles immunization strategies moving forward. Based on two prospective cohorts of children in China, we estimate that maternally derived immunity against measles persists for 2.4 months. Following two-dose series of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) at 8 and 18 months of age, the immune protection against measles is not lifelong, and antibody concentrations are extrapolated to fall below the protective threshold of 200 mIU/ml at 14.3 years. A catch-up MCV dose in addition to the routine doses between 8 months and 5 years reduce the cumulative incidence of seroreversion by 79.3–88.7% by the age of 6 years. Our findings also support a good immune response after the first MCV vaccination at 8 months. These findings, coupled with the effectiveness of a catch-up dose in addition to the routine doses, could be instrumental to relevant stakeholders when planning routine immunization schedules and supplemental immunization activities.
Histone demethylase KDM2A is a selective vulnerability of cancers relying on alternative telomere maintenance
Authors: Li Fei , Wang Yizhe , Hwang Inah , Jang Ja-Young , Xu Libo , Deng Zhong , Yu Eun Young , Cai Yiming , Wu Caizhi , Han Zhenbo , Huang Yu-Han , Huang Xiangao , Zhang Ling , Yao Jun , Lue Neal F. , Lieberman Paul M. , Ying Haoqiang , Paik Jihye , Zheng Hongwu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTelomere length maintenance is essential for cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. 5% − 10% of human cancers rely on a recombination-based mechanism termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to sustain their replicative immortality, yet there are currently no targeted therapies. Through CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screens in an ALT-immortalized isogenic cellular model, here we identify histone lysine demethylase KDM2A as a molecular vulnerability selectively for cells contingent on ALT-dependent telomere maintenance. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that KDM2A is required for dissolution of the ALT-specific telomere clusters following recombination-directed telomere DNA synthesis. We show that KDM2A promotes de-clustering of ALT multitelomeres through facilitating isopeptidase SENP6-mediated SUMO deconjugation at telomeres. Inactivation of KDM2A or SENP6 impairs post-recombination telomere de-SUMOylation and thus dissolution of ALT telomere clusters, leading to gross chromosome missegregation and mitotic cell death. These findings together establish KDM2A as a selective molecular vulnerability and a promising drug target for ALT-dependent cancers.