bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in transgenic plant development
Authors: Pawar Praniti , Anumalla Sanjana , Sharma Suvarna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanostructures, allotropes of carbon which are made up of graphene sheets wrapped around it forming cylindrical structures. CNTs have been regarded to have interesting and attractive physical and chemical properties and have been tremendously used in genetic engineering. Understanding the role of CNTs in development of transgenic plants, review of research papers in the field was done. CNTs are classified into two categories: the single‐walled and multiwalled (MWCNTs) structures. They are valuable vectors in various biomedicine fields such as Gene delivery, Drug delivery, Immunotherapy, Tissue engineering, and Biomedical imaging and also, they deliver the DNA without damaging the cells. Based on recent studies, the functionalization of CNTs when combined with some other suitable molecules can drastically subside their toxic effects. Having unique properties such as small size, larger surface area is useful in delivering DNA into mammalian cells as well. Modifications in CNTs can make nucleic acids adhere to them even more efficiently. Also, MWCNTs are crucial in delivery DNA into the cytoplasm. Based on other methods, the CNTs‐DNA are a preferred choice and the inclination toward double‐stranded DNA is used over single‐stranded DNA in gene delivery shows effective results. The only downside of CNTs is that they are hydrophobic and are difficult to form an aqueous solution, thus limiting their applicability. This review will aid you in comprehending useful knowledge related to a general overview of topics related to CNTs.
Characterization and designing of an SAM riboswitch to establish a high‐throughput screening platform for SAM overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Fu Xiaomeng , Zuo Xiaoru , Zhao Xiaomeng , Zhang Huizhi , Zhang Chuanbo , Lu Wenyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractS‐adenosyl‐
l‐methionine (SAM) is a high‐value compound widely used in the treatment of various diseases. SAM can be produced through fermentation, but further enhancing the microbial production of SAM requires novel high‐throughput screening methods for rapid detection and screening of mutant libraries. In this work, an SAM‐OFF riboswitch capable of responding to the SAM concentration was obtained and a high‐throughput platform for screening SAM overproducers was established. SAM synthase was engineered by semirational design and directed evolution, which resulted in the SAM2S203F,W164R,T251S,Y285F,S365R mutant with almost twice higher catalytic activity than the parental enzyme. The best mutant was then introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, and the resulting strain BSM8 produced a sevenfold higher SAM titer in shake‐flask fermentation, reaching 1.25 g L−1. This work provides a reference for designing biosensors to dynamically detect metabolite concentrations for high‐throughput screening and the construction of effective microbial cell factories.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Psoralen Derivatives
Authors: Zhou Dang‐Nan , Han Lu , Zhang Zhan , Wang Yun‐Long , Zhang Xiao‐Ping , Wu Yun‐Jie , Xi Gao‐Lei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFive psoralen derivatives were synthesized and the structures of them were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and IR. The antioxidant properties of the compounds were tested by inhibiting the free radical‐initiated DNA oxidation and scavenging the radical reaction. The results showed that the effective stoichiometric factors (n) of the compounds V and IV could reach 2.00 and 2.11 in the system of inhibiting the DNA oxidation reaction initiated by 2,2′‐Azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). In the inhibition of ⋅OH‐oxidation of the DNA system, compounds I~V showed antioxidant properties. The thiobarbituric acid absorbance (TBARS) percentages of compounds IV and V were 76.19 % and 78.84 %. Compounds I~V could also inhibit Cu2+/GSH‐oxidation of DNA, and all compounds exhibited good antioxidant properties except compound II (94.00 %). All the five compounds were able to trap diammonium 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) salt radical (ABTS+⋅), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH⋅) and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐alpha‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐oxo‐2,5‐cyclohexadien‐p‐tolylox radical (galvinoxyl⋅). The ability of compounds I~V to scavenge those free radicals can be measured by the k values. The k values ranged from 0.07 to 0.82 in scavenging ABTS+⋅, galvinoxyl, and DPPH radicals, respectively.
Antibacterial Compound Isolation and Characterization from the Plant Cyanotis axillaris Schult
Authors: Singh Kesar , Yadava R. N. , Yadav Ritu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA novel flavone glycoside was isolated from the methanolic extract of Cyanotis axillaris Schult. Various analysis and characterization techniques were used to determine its structure and properties. The compound exhibited a melting point range of 231–232 °C and had a molecular formula of C27H30O14. Several spectral characterization techniques were employed to establish the isolated compound's structure. These included UV‐visible spectroscopy, FT‐IR, LC‐ESI‐MS, and NMR spectroscopy. Based on these analyses, the structure of the isolated compound was determined to be 5,7,4’‐trihydroxyflavone‐8‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside‐4’‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl. This structure indicates that it is a flavone glycoside consisting of a flavone (5,7,4’‐trihydroxyflavone) moiety attached to a sugar molecule (galactopyranosyl) at position 4’, which further bears a rhamnose group at position 8 of the flavone. In addition, to the structural characterization, the compound also demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against various bacterial pathogens, including Gram‐positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis MTCC441 and Gram‐negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli MTCC1098, Proteus vulgarize MTCC426, and Salmonella Typhimurium MTCC3224. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition in millimetres, which provides an indication of the compound's ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The study successfully identified and characterized a novel flavone glycoside from Cyanotis axillaris Schult. and its antimicrobial activity.
Novel Quinazolinone Derivatives: Potential Synthetic Analogs for the Treatment of Glaucoma, Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tokalı Feyzi Sinan , Taslimi Parham , Tuzun Burak , Karakuş Ahmet , Sadeghian Nastaran , Gulçin İlhami 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuinazolinones, which represent an important part of nitrogen‐containing six‐membered heterocyclic compounds, are frequently used in drug design due to their wide biological activity properties. Therefore, the novel quinazolinones were synthesized from the reaction of acylated derivatives of 4‐hydroxy benzaldehyde with 3‐amino‐2‐alkylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones with good yields (85–94 %) and their structures were characterized using Fourier‐transform Infrared (FT‐IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR), and High‐Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HR‐MS). As the application of the synthesized compounds, their inhibition properties of the synthesized compounds on α‐Glucosidase (α‐Glu), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and Carbonic anhydrase I–II (hCA I–II) metabolic enzymes were investigated. All compounds showed inhibition at nanomolar level with the Ki values in the range of 12.73±1.26–93.42±9.44 nM for AChE, 8.48±0.92–25.84±2.59 nM for BChE, 66.17±5.16–818.06±44.41 for α‐Glu, 2.56±0.26–88.23±9.72 nM for hCA I, and 1.68±0.14–85.43±7.41 nM for hCA II. Molecular docking study was performed to understand the interactions of the most potent compounds with corresponding enzymes. Also, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) properties of the compounds were investigated.
Potential impact of mesenchymal stem cells on nephrotoxicity induced by gamma irradiation and antiepileptic drugs cotherapy in rats
Authors: Gharib Ola A. , Fahmy Hanan A. , Mohamed Marwa A. , Rashed Laila A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the influence of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) on the nephrotoxicity induced by fractionated doses of gamma irradiation (Rad) and the cotherapy of levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine in male rats. Adult rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I: Control, Group II: antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), Group III: AEDs +Rad and Group IV: AEDs + Rad + MSCs. Rats treated with AEDs and exposed to fractionated doses of γ‐irradiation displayed a discernible increase in serum urea, creatinine, kidney injury marker, kidney malondialdehyde, transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) and the relative expression of Smad3 along with a decrease in the relative expression of Smad7 and glutathione level. Alternatively, groups treated with BM‐MSCs with AEDs and Rad showed a substantial modification in the majority of the evaluated parameters and looked to be successful in reducing the hazards of the combination therapy of AEDs and radiation. The reno‐histopathological study supports the biochemical analysis. In conclusion, BM‐MSCs exhibited therapeutic potential against nephrotoxicity induced by fractionated doses of γ‐irradiation and AEDs. The outcome was brought about by the downregulation of the TGF‐β/Smad pathway. BM‐MSCs might be suggested as a valuable therapeutic strategy to overcome kidney injury induced by gamma irradiation during AEDs cotherapy.
Patient‐specific commissural alignment for ACURATE neo2 implantation in degenerated surgical bioprostheses
Authors: Curio Jonathan , Khokhar Arif A. , Beneduce Alessandro , Mylotte Darren , Fezzi Simone , Kim Won‐Keun , Zlahoda‐Huzior Adriana , Giannini Francesco , Dudek Dariusz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractValve‐in‐valve TAVI to treat failing surgical aortic valves (SAVs) is increasingly performed, and commissural alignment is a key technical aspect in such procedures. Surgeons optimize valve alignment, accounting for potential coronary eccentricity and achieving a patient‐specific optimized commissural orientation, representing the ideal target for TAVI alignment. Therefore, here we present a dedicated stepwise valve‐in‐valve implantation technique using the ACURATE neo2. In a specific SAV postoverlap view, isolating one surgical post to the right of the screen representing the target for alignment, rotational orientation of the TAVI commissures, matching the SAV orientation, is achieved and verified before implantation. This technique has been tested in a patient‐specific three‐dimensionally‐printed aortic root anatomy, attached to a pulsatile flow simulator, allowing for native‐like simulation of coronary cannulations under fluoroscopy, and enabling detailed assessment with fluoroscopic as well as direct videographic visualization. Furthermore, the technique is exemplified by providing an educational clinical case example.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy launch with remote telemedicine international proctorship
Authors: Buzaev Igor V. , Galimova Rezida M. , Nabiullina Dinara I. , Illarioshkin Sergey N. , Zagidullin Naufal Sh. , Safin Shamil M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 limitations have hindered the implementation of new technologies by preventing proctors from coming to the site. We share our first experience of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatment with an international remote online proctorship, and develop and evaluate the methodology of remote MRgFUS proctorship.MethodsThis single‐center, nonrandomized controlled prospective study included 94 patients: 27 with essential tremor (ET) and 67 with tremor‐dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). The coming of proctors was impossible, so we arranged for the remote participation of proctors from the United Kingdom, Spain, and Israel. A total of 38 patients (40.4%) received telemedicine‐proctored treatment (proctor group) and 56 received their treatment independently (solo group). We used the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST) for ET patients and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III for PD patients.ResultsIn patients with ET, success rates were 81.8% (proctor group) and 100% (solo group) (p = 0.22). CRST reduction on the treated side was 71.43% [65.83%; 80.56%] (proctor group) versus 60.87% [53.99; 79.58] (solo group) (p = 0.19). None of the patients showed worsening of tremors within 1 year. In patients with PD, the success rates were 92.6% (proctor group) and 100% (solo group) (p = 0.08). The UPDRS Part III improvement was 30.1% (proctor group) versus 39.9% (solo group) (p = 0.003). The 1‐year recurrence rate was 40% (proctor group) and 17.5% (solo group) (p = 0.04). No complications were observed at 6 months.ConclusionsWe developed a feasible and safe methodology for telemedicine remote online‐proctored MRgFUS treatment. No significant difference was observed between the solo and developed remote proctor protocols in terms of complication rate, effect, and long‐term results; however, UPDRS Part III improvement was better in the PD solo group. This study demonstrated that the MRgFUS international proctorship can be performed successfully remotely.
A self‐stabilizing distributed algorithm for the bounded lattice domination problems under the distance‐2 model
Authors: Kakugawa Hirotsugu , Kamei Sayaka 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe domination problem is one of the fundamental graph problems, and there are many variations. In this article, we propose a new problem called the minus ‐domination problem where , and are integers such that , , and . The problem is to assign a value from for each vertex in a graph such that the local summation of values is greater than or equal to . We also propose a framework named the bounded lattice domination for a class of domination problems, including the minus ‐domination problem. Then, we present a self‐stabilizing distributed algorithm under the distance‐2 model for the bounded lattice domination. Here, self‐stabilization is a class of fault‐tolerant distributed algorithms that tolerate transient faults. The time complexity for convergence is , where is the number of processes in a network if the cardinality of the domain of process values is finite and constant. Otherwise, the time complexity for convergence is .
Pretrauma risk factors and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following subsequent exposure: Multilevel and univariate meta‐analytical approaches
Authors: Georgescu Teodora , Nedelcea Cătălin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe endeavour to comprehend why certain individuals develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms subsequent to experiencing traumatic events, while others do not, underscores the paramount importance of pretraumatic risk factors. This meta‐analysis summarises the extant results of studies assessing risk factors prior exposure and PTSD symptoms following an index event on the same participants. It includes 43 studies (N = 19,239) yielding 174 effect sizes of pretraumatic risk factors categories such as demographic factors, cognitive factors, personality traits, coping styles, psychopathology, psychophysiological and environmental factors, which were examined using a three‐level meta‐analysis. Additionally, univariate random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed to separately investigate individual risk factors reported in more than one study. The findings revealed significant, small and medium associations for all categories, except for demographic factors and coping styles, also highlighting that certain individual risk factor domains (i.e. previous mental disorders, negative emotionality, sleep complaints and PTSD symptoms) represent the strongest predictors for PTSD symptoms after subsequent exposure. Several moderators were also investigated for individual risk factors. Future research could benefit from considering the interplay of pretraumatic risk factors to draw a more complex picture of the aetiology and underlying mechanisms of PTSD symptoms.
Animal Models for Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: S. Subauste Carlos , Hubal Alyssa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that commonly infects mammals and birds throughout the world. This protocol describes murine models of acute T. gondii infection, toxoplasmic encephalitis and toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. T. gondii infection in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, deficient in T and B cells, has allowed for the study of T cell‐independent mechanisms of defense against intracellular organisms, as described here. The uracil auxotroph strain cps1‐1 and temperature‐sensitive mutant strains of T. gondii induce protection against challenge with virulent strains of the parasite. They have allowed studies of immunization and adoptive‐transfer experiments. A protocol is provided for infection with these mutant strains. The EGS strain of T. gondii has the unique feature of spontaneously forming tissue cysts in cell culture. Dual fluorescent reporter stains of this strain have allowed the study of tachyzoite to bradyzoite transitions in vitro and in vivo. A protocol for in vitro and in vivo growth of this strain and tissue cyst isolation is provided. Genetic manipulation of T. gondii and mice has led to the development of parasites that express fluorescent proteins as well as mice with fluorescently labeled leukocytes. This together with the use of T. gondii that express model antigens and transgenic mice that express the appropriate T cell receptor have facilitated the in vivo study of parasite host‐interaction. In addition, parasites that express bioluminescent markers have made it possible to study the dynamics of infection in real time using bioluminescence imaging. Support protocols present methodology for evaluation of progression of infection and immune response to the parasite that includes these newer methodologies. In addition, support protocols address the maintenance of T. gondii tissue cysts and tachyzoites, as well as preparation of T. gondii lysate antigens. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Induction of acute T. gondii infection in miceBasic Protocol 2: Model of toxoplasmic encephalitis and toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in chronically infected miceBasic Protocol 3: Assessment of T. gondii invasion into neural tissueBasic Protocol 4: T. gondii infection in scid/scid (SCID) miceBasic Protocol 5: Infection with the uracil auxotroph strain CPS1‐1 or the temperature‐sensitive TS‐4 strain of T. gondiiBasic Protocol 6: In vivo and in vitro maintenance of the EGS strain of T. gondiiSupport Protocol 1: Assessment of progression of infection and immune response to T. gondiiSupport Protocol 2: Maintenance of a bank of T. gondii cysts of the ME49 strainSupport Protocol 3: Maintenance of T. gondii tachyzoites using human foreskin fibroblastsSupport Protocol 4: Maintenance of T. gondii tachyzoites in miceSupport Protocol 5: Preparation of T. gondii lysate antigensSupport Protocol 6: Isolation of T. gondii tissue cysts from brain
A transformerless common ground‐based 1‐ϕ single‐stage switched boost inverter for solar photovoltaic applications
Authors: Rage Ravitheja , Sahoo Manoranjan , Thirumala Karthik , Agarwal Soniya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a transformerless common ground based single phase single‐stage switched boost inverter for solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. In the proposed inverter, the input DC source and output AC load share a common ground. As a result, the high‐frequency common mode voltage across the parasitic capacitance is eliminated, resulting in negligible leakage current (
) and the associated power loss, and harmonics in the inverter. Moreover, the higher voltage gain of the inverter facilitates the inverter to operate with high modulation index and lower shoot through (ST) duty ratio. Hence, the DC link voltage requirement across the inverter leg is reduced. Consequently, the voltage stress across the switches is minimized. Here, a modified PWM control technique is adopted, where the dual active states of the proposed inverter reduce the inductor current ripple and make it suitable for solar PV applications. The voltage boosting capability of the proposed inverter is extendable with the help of an additional number of intermediate impedance sub‐networks. The detailed steady‐state analysis of the proposed inverter is verified with the help of MATLAB simulation. To verify the simulation results, a 200 W, 120 V, and 50 Hz experimental prototype is developed. The prototype is tested for unity and lagging power factor load conditions with a wide range of input DC voltages, and all the major results are included in the paper. The power and thermal loss analysis is carried out using PLECS software, and the results show that the inverter has a maximum efficiency of 97.48%. From the experimental results, it can be inferred that the proposed inverter has a higher modulation index, lesser inductor current ripple, and zero leakage current as compared to the contemporary inverters.
Individualised adjuvant immunotherapy with neoantigen‐reactive T cells for gastric signet‐ring cell carcinoma
Authors: Ding Naiqing , Liu Qin , Du Juan , Shao Jie , Yang Yang , Yang Ju , Chen Fangjun , Yu Lixia , Liu Baorui , Wei Jia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe signet‐ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the stomach is highly invasive. Patients with stage III gastric SRCC usually experience tumor recurrence within 2 years after radical surgery. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment to postpone recurrence following adjuvant chemotherapy. Our study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of neoantigen‐reactive T lymphocytes (NRTs) in patients with stage III gastric SRCC.MethodsThe study included 20 patients with stage III gastric SRCC who received radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Following the adjuvant chemotherapy, they underwent treatment with a range of one to four cycles of personalised neoantigen‐reactive T cells. The primary endpoint was the median progression‐free survival (mDFS). The secondary endpoint was safety and immune responses. The median duration of follow‐up was 41 months (95% CI: 39–42.9 months).ResultsOur results showed that patients who received adjuvant neoantigen‐reactive T‐cell immunotherapy demonstrated a propensity towards prolonged disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in comparison to previous studies. The 2‐year DFS and OS rates reached 73.7% and 95%, respectively, whereas the 5‐year DFS and OS rates were 44% and 69%. The median DFS was 41 months (95% CI: 28.9–53.1 months) and the median OS was not reached. In addition, there was a significant increase in serum concentrations of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ after cell immunotherapy. The adverse reactions were mild.ConclusionIn conclusion, adjuvant immunotherapy with NRTs showed promising efficacy alongside a manageable safety profile.