bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-population Bayesian hierarchical model of Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Wojtak Radosław , Hjorth Jens , Hjortlund Jacob Osman 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The currently used standardization of Type Ia supernovae results in Hubble residuals whose physical origin is unaccounted for. Here, we present a complete physical interpretation of the Hubble residuals based on a novel Bayesian hierarchical model of Type Ia supernovae in which latent variables describing intrinsic and extrinsic (dust related) supernova properties originate from two supernova populations. Fitting the model to SALT2 light-curve parameters of supernovae in the Hubble flow we find strong (4σ) evidence for the presence of two overlapping, but distinct, populations differentiated primarily by their mean SALT2 shape parameter (stretch) x1. Supernovae from the population with predominantly slow decliners (higher average x1) are found to be intrinsically bluer (mean SALT2 colour c ≈ −0.11) and twice as reddened by dust (mean reddening E(B − V) ≈ 0.10) than those from the other population which is dominated by fast decliners (lower average x1) with c ≈ −0.04 and E(B − V) ≈ 0.05. The inferred extinction coefficient RB in both supernova populations follows a broad distribution (scatter 0.9) with a mean of 4.1, which coincides closely with the value associated with mean extinction law in the Milky Way. We also find that the supernova data favour a peaked (two-tailed) distribution of selective extinction E(B − V) over the commonly adopted exponential model. Our approach provides a complete explanation of the distribution of supernova light-curve parameters in terms of extinction properties and the above-mentioned differences between the two populations, without the need for introducing any intrinsic scatter.
New dipole instabilities in spherical stellar systems
Authors: Weinberg Martin D 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Spherical stellar systems have weakly damped response modes. The dipole modes are seiche modes. The quadrupole are zero pattern-speed prolate modes, the stable precursors to the radial orbit instability (ROI). We demonstrate that small wiggles in the distribution function (DF) can destabilize the dipole modes and describe the newly identified instabilities in NFW-like dark-matter (DM) haloes and other power-law spherical systems. The modes were identified in N-body simulations using multivariate singular spectrum analysis and corroborated using linear-response theory. The new mode peaks inside the half-mass radius but has a pattern speed typical of an outer-halo orbit. As it grows, the radial angle of the eccentric orbits that make up the mode correlates and loses angular momentum by a resonant couple to outer-halo orbits. This leads to an unsteady pattern with a density enhancement that swings from one side of the halo to another along a diameter, like the orbits that comprise the instability. In this way, the dipole mode is similar to the ROI. Since the DF found in Nature is unlikely to be smooth and isotropic with df(E)/dE &lt; 0 necessary for Antonov stability, these modes may be ubiquitous albeit slowly growing. Haloes that are less extended than NFW, such as the Hernquist model, tend to be stable to this dipole instability. We present the critical stability exponents for one- and two-power models. These different critical outer power-law exponents illustrate that the gravitational coupling between the inner and outer DM halo depends on the global shape of density profile.
GRB optical and X-ray plateau properties classifier using unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Bhardwaj Shubham , Dainotti Maria G , Venkatesh Sachin , Narendra Aditya , Kalsi Anish , Rinaldi Enrico , Pollo Agnieszka 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The division of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) into different classes, other than the ‘short’ and ‘long’, has been an active field of research. We investigate whether GRBs can be classified based on a broader set of parameters, including prompt and plateau emission ones. Observational evidence suggests the existence of more GRB subclasses, but results so far are either conflicting or not statistically significant. The novelty here is producing a machine-learning-based classification of GRBs using their observed X-rays and optical properties. We used two data samples: the first, composed of 203 GRBs, is from the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift/XRT), and the latter, composed of 134 GRBs, is from the ground-based Telescopes and Swift/UVOT. Both samples possess the plateau emission (a flat part of the light curve happening after the prompt emission, the main GRB event). We have applied the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to explore multiple parameter spaces and subclass combinations to reveal if there is a match between the current observational subclasses and the statistical classification. With these samples and the algorithm, we spot a few microtrends in certain cases, but we cannot conclude that any clear trend exists in classifying GRBs. These microtrends could point towards a deeper understanding of the physical meaning of these classes (e.g. a different environment of the same progenitor or different progenitors). However, a larger sample and different algorithms could achieve such goals. Thus, this methodology can lead to deeper insights in the future.
Dust attenuation in galaxies at cosmic dawn from the FirstLight simulations
Authors: Mushtaq Muzammil , Ceverino Daniel , Klessen Ralf S , Reissl Stefan , Puttasiddappa Prajwal Hassan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the behaviour of dust in galaxies at cosmic dawn, z = 6–8, by coupling the FirstLight simulations with the radiative transfer code polaris. The starburst nature of these galaxies and their complex distribution of dust lead to a large diversity of attenuation curves. These follow the Calzetti model only for relatively massive galaxies, Mstars ≃ 109 M⊙. Galaxies with lower masses have steeper curves, consistent with the model for the Small Magellanic Cloud. The ultraviolet and optical slopes of the attenuation curves are closer to the modified Calzetti model, with a slight preference for the power-law model for galaxies with the highest values of attenuation. We have also examined the relation between the slope in the far-ultraviolet, βUV, and the infrared excess, IRX. At z = 6, it follows the Calzetti model with a shift to slightly lower βUV values due to lower metallicities at lower attenuation. The same relation at z = 8 shows a shift to higher IRX values due to a stronger CMB radiation at high z.
A dual-zone diffusion model for high energy emissions of the Cygnus Cocoon
Authors: Zhan Shihong , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
As one of the brightest Galactic γ-ray sources, the Cygnus Cocoon superbubble has been observed by many detectors, such as Fermi-LAT, ARGO, HAWC, and LHAASO. However, the origin of γ-ray emission for the Cygnus Cocoon and the possible contribution to PeV cosmic rays are still under debate. The recent ultrahigh-energy γ-ray observations by LHAASO up to 1.4 PeV towards the direction of the Cygnus Cocoon, as well as the neutrino event report of IceCube-201120A coming from the same direction, suggest that the Cygnus Cocoon may be one of the sources of high-energy cosmic rays in the Galaxy. In this work, we propose a dual-zone diffusion model for the Cygnus Cocoon: the cocoon region and surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). This scenario can account for the γ-ray data from GeV to ∼50 TeV and agree with the one sub-PeV neutrino event result from IceCube so far. Moreover, it predicts a non-negligible contribution γ-ray emission at hundreds TeV from the ISM surrounding the Cygnus Cocoon. This possible diffuse TeV–PeV gamma-ray features can be resolved by the future LHAASO observations.
The geometry of the hot corona in MCG-05-23-16 constrained by X-ray polarimetry
Authors: Tagliacozzo D , Marinucci A , Ursini F , Matt G , Bianchi S , Baldini L , Barnouin T , Cavero Rodriguez N , De Rosa A , Di Gesu L , Dovčiak M , Harper D , Ingram A , Karas V , Kim D E , Krawczynski H , Madejski G , Marin F , Middei R , Marshall H L , Muleri F , Panagiotou C , Petrucci P-O , Podgorny J , Poutanen J , Puccetti S , Soffitta P , Tombesi F , Veledina A , Zhang W , Agudo I , Antonelli L A , Bachetti M , Baumgartner W H , Bellazzini R , Bongiorno S D , Bonino R , Brez A , Bucciantini N , Capitanio F , Castellano S , Cavazzuti E , Chen C-T , Ciprini S , Costa E , Del Monte E , Di Lalla N , Di Marco A , Donnarumma I , Doroshenko V , Ehlert S R , Enoto T , Evangelista Y , Fabiani S , Ferrazzoli R , Garcia J A , Gunji S , Heyl J , Iwakiri W , Jorstad S G , Kaaret P , Kislat F , Kitaguchi T , Kolodziejczak J J , La Monaca F , Latronico L , Liodakis I , Maldera S , Manfreda A , Marscher A P , Massaro F , Mitsuishi I , Mizuno T , Negro M , Ng C-Y , O’Dell S L , Omodei N , Oppedisano C , Papitto A , Pavlov G G , Peirson A L , Perri M , Pesce-Rollins M , Pilia M , Possenti A , Ramsey B D , Rankin J , Ratheesh A , Roberts O J , Romani R W , Sgrò C , Slane P , Spandre G , Swartz D A , Tamagawa T , Tavecchio F , Taverna R , Tawara Y , Tennant A F , Thomas N E , Trois A , Tsygankov S S , Turolla R , Vink J , Weisskopf M C , Wu K , Xie F , Zane S 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We report on the second observation of the radio-quiet active galactic nucleus MCG-05-23-16 performed with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The observation started on 2022 November 6 for a net observing time of 640 ks, and was partly simultaneous with NuSTAR (86 ks). After combining these data with those obtained in the first IXPE pointing on 2022 May (simultaneous with XMM–Newton and NuSTAR) we find a 2–8 keV polarization degree Π = 1.6 ± 0.7 (at 68 per cent confidence level), which corresponds to an upper limit Π = 3.2 per cent (at 99 per cent confidence level). We then compare the polarization results with Monte Carlo simulations obtained with the monk code, with which different coronal geometries have been explored (spherical lamppost, conical, slab, and wedge). Furthermore, the allowed range of inclination angles is found for each geometry. If the best-fitting inclination value from a spectroscopic analysis is considered, a cone-shaped corona along the disc axis is disfavoured.
International comparison and time trends of first kidney transplant recipient characteristics across Europe: an ERA Registry study
Authors: Boenink Rianne , Kramer Anneke , Masoud Sherry , Rodríguez-Benot Alberto , Helve Jaakko , Bistrup Claus , Segelmark Mårten M , Rodríguez Arévalo Olga L , Kerschbaum Julia , de Vries Aiko P J , Lundgren Torbjörn , Bell Samira , Crespo Marta , Sørensen Søren S , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Arnol Miha , Bakkaloglu Sevcan A , Weekers Laurent , Reisæter Anna Varberg , Rebić Damir , Ortiz Alberto , Jager Kitty J , Stel Vianda S 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The aim of this study was to provide an overview of age, sex and primary renal disease (PRD) distribution among first kidney transplant recipients across Europe.

Method
The European Renal Association (ERA) Registry database was used to obtain data on patients aged 20 years or older receiving their first kidney transplant between 2010 and 2019 from 12 European countries. The numbers and percentages of recipients in each age, sex and PRD group were calculated by country, donor type and year.

Results
In total, 99 543 adults received a first kidney transplant. Overall, 23% of the recipients were 65 years or older, 36% were female, and 21% had glomerulonephritis and 15% diabetes mellitus as PRD. Compared with deceased donor kidney transplant recipients, living donor kidney transplant recipients were less often 65 years or older (13% versus 26%), more often had glomerulonephritis (25% versus 20%) and less often diabetes mellitus (8% versus 17%) as PRD. We found large international differences, which were most prominent for age and PRD and less prominent for sex. Over time, the largest change in recipient characteristics was observed for the percentage of recipients aged 65 years or older, increasing from 18% in 2010 to 28% in 2019 for all countries combined with a similar trend in most countries.

Conclusion
We observed large differences for age and PRD distribution between recipients of living and deceased donor kidneys and between European countries. Over time, the percentage of older first kidney transplant recipients increased.
Understanding community perception and acceptability of interactive voice response survey method: findings from formative research in Bangladesh.
Authors: Khan Iqbal Ansary , Shano Shahanaj , Islam Khaleda , Shahnaz Sabina , Al Kibria Gulam Muhammed , Pariyo George , Ali Joseph , Gibson Dustin G , Rahman Mahmudur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mobile phone technology’s expansion in Bangladesh has ushered in its use for rapid population-based data collection. This study was conducted to assess community perceptions on the acceptability, usability and challenges of participating in mobile phone surveys (MPS) on non-communicable disease risk factors through interactive voice response (IVR) in Bangladesh. Three user groups and seven focus group discussions with different communities, along with seven key informant interviews with relevant experts, were conducted in Bangla. Interviews were audio-recorded and analysed manually using thematic analysis. Participants indicated their unwillingness to receive calls during their busy hours. They suggested shorter duration calls and two sessions to complete longer duration surveys. They recommended that incentives can increase call completion, and previous notification through voice or text message might improve this further. Previous experience with scam calls and mobile balance depletion resulted in their hesitancy to receive calls from unknown numbers. Respondents showed concerns about sharing sensitive issues like alcohol consumption. Providing responses by key presses, less familiarity with smartphone use, availability and strength of mobile networks were identified as challenges for IVR surveys. The study emphasized careful consideration of survey duration and burden, trustworthiness, general and technical literacy and socio-cultural factors to increase MPS participation.
Monoterpene glucosides in Eustoma grandiflorum roots promote hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Tominaga Takaya , Ueno Kotomi , Saito Hikaru , Egusa Mayumi , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Shigenobu Shuji , Kaminaka Hironori 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Host plant–derived strigolactones trigger hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, initiating a symbiotic interaction between land plants and AM fungi. However, our previous studies revealed that gibberellin-treated lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum, Gentianaceae) activates rhizospheric hyphal branching in AM fungi using unidentified molecules other than strigolactones. In this study, we analyzed independent transcriptomic data of E. grandiflorum and found that the biosynthesis of gentiopicroside (GPS) and swertiamarin (SWM), characteristic monoterpene glucosides in Gentianaceae, was upregulated in gibberellin-treated E. grandiflorum roots. Moreover, these metabolites considerably promoted hyphal branching in the Glomeraceae AM fungi Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizophagus clarus. GPS treatment also enhanced R. irregularis colonization of the monocotyledonous crop chive (Allium schoenoprasum). Interestingly, these metabolites did not provoke the germination of the root parasitic plant common broomrape (Orobanche minor). Altogether, our study unveiled the role of GPS and SWM in activating the symbiotic relationship between AM fungi and E. grandiflorum.
Psoriatic arthritis risk in psoriasis patients prescribed acitretin versus disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lin Teng-Li , Chang Yi-Ling , Ho Hsiu J , Chen Yi-Ju , Wu Chun-Ying 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the risk of PsA in psoriasis (PsO) patients treated with acitretin vs DMARDs.

Methods
This retrospective study used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2013. Adult PsO patients without PsA prescribed acitretin or DMARDs for ≥30 days within a year were assigned to the acitretin cohort or DMARDs cohort, respectively. Patients in the acitretin cohort prescribed DMARDs for &gt;7 days, or in the DMARDs cohort prescribed acitretin for &gt;7 days, were excluded. Cumulative incidence of PsA were determined within both cohorts using the Kaplan–Meier method. The hazard ratio (HR) comparing acitretin to DMARDs was calculated with Cox regression models, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates including the use of NSAIDs and comorbidities.

Results
The study included 1948 patients in each cohort. The 5-year cumulative incidence of PsA in the acitretin cohort was lower than that in the reference cohort (7.52% vs 9.93%; P = 0.005), with a more pronounced difference in the subpopulation receiving NSAIDs treatment. However, in subpopulations without NSAIDs treatment, the 5-year cumulative incidence of PsA in the acitretin cohort was comparable to the DMARDs cohort (5.26% vs 6.98%; P = 0.106). Acitretin was not associated with PsA development in PsO (HR 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.65–1.05). This risk remained consistent regardless of adjustments for NSAID treatment and comorbidities. Other independent risk factors for PsA included female and NSAIDs treatment.

Conclusion
Compared with DMARDs, acitretin was not associated with increased PsA risk in PsO patients.
The effect of induced optimism on early pain processing: indication by contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) and the sympathetic skin response (SSR)
Authors: Basten-Günther Johanna , Jutz Laura , Peters Madelon L , Priebe Janosch A , Lautenbacher Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Situationally induced optimism has been shown to influence several components of experimental pain. The aim of the present study was to enlarge these findings for the first time to the earliest components of the pain response by measuring contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) and the sympathetic skin response (SSR). Forty-seven healthy participants underwent two blocks of phasic thermal stimulation. CHEPs, the SSR and self-report pain ratings were recorded. Between the blocks of stimulation, the ‘Best Possible Self’ imagery and writing task was performed to induce situational optimism. The optimism manipulation was successful in increasing state optimism. It did, however, neither affect pain-evoked potentials nor the SSR nor self-report pain ratings. These results suggest that optimism does not alter early responses to pain. The higher-level cognitive processes involved in optimistic thinking might only act on later stages of pain processing. Therefore, more research is needed targeting different time frames of stimulus processing and response measures for early and late pain processing in parallel.
The Management of Pregnant Trauma Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lopez C.E. , Salloum J. , Varon A.J. , Toledo P. , Dudaryk R. 
Published: September 2023

(Anesth Analg. 2023;136:830–840)
Within the United States, trauma affects about 1 in 12 pregnancies and is the leading nonobstetric cause of maternal mortality. While in the event of trauma, parturient patients should receive a comprehensive assessment, studies suggest that fetal resuscitation is taking priority over maternal resuscitation.
Pregnancy, Delivery, and Neonatal Outcomes Among Women With Spinal Cord Injury in Sweden 1997-2015: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Khalili M. , Berlin M. , Pettersson K. , Lindgren C. , Hultling C. , Ekéus C. 
Published: September 2023

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022;101:1282–1290)
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been shown to have little effect on fertility after the effects of acute injury have abated, but studies examining the effects of SCI on pregnancy and delivery in detail are lacking. Previous studies have shown that, in general, pregnancy outcomes remain positive, even though SCI increases the risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth because of lack of sensation and movement below the injury level. These previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, single locations, and retrospective study design. This study aimed to examine the incidence of pregnancy in individuals with SCI, as well as pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes at a population level.
Tranexamic Acid Administered During Cesarean Delivery in High-risk Patients: Maternal Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Coagulation Status
Authors: Seifert S.M. , Lumbreras-Marquez M.I. , Goobie S.M. , Carusi D.A. , Fields K.G. , Bateman B.T. , Farber M.K. 
Published: September 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;S0002-9378(22)00441-0)
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is often used to prevent or reduce postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), reducing the risk of maternal mortality and decreasing the blood transfusion rate. TXA is widely used in clinical practice, but dosing and covariates that affect the effectiveness of the drug have yet to be studied in the obstetric population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the current recommended 1 g intravenous dosage of TXA typically administered during cesarean delivery, and in conjunction use rotational thromboelastometry to assess clot formation and fibrinolysis in patients with high risk of PPH. The primary aim was to evaluate the central tendency and variability of TXA plasma concentrations in high-risk patients after the standard dose up to 5 hours after delivery. Secondary aims were to estimate the correlation between TXA plasma concentrations and body mass index, assess coagulation measurements using rotational thromboelastometry, and other outcomes related to PPH, such as changes in hemoglobin and the requirement of blood transfusions.
Investigating the Use of Nonloss of Resistance Syringes for Epidural Insertion: Experience on a Mannequin
Authors: Gladwin J. , Maese S. , Ballisat B. 
Published: September 2023

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2022;52:103595)
The Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association (OAA) announced a supply disruption of the Portex Loss of Resistance (LOR) Syringe, a commonly used tool for epidural catheter insertion. Several studies have shown no difference in epidural insertion success rates when using LOR to saline or air. Other methods for epidural space identification are being considered yet limited research compares specific low-resistance syringes with standard syringes. This study aimed to compare specific LOR syringes with syringes commonly used in epidural insertion.
Crystallization of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine When Mixed With Different Adjuvants: A Semiquantitative Light Microscopy Analysis
Authors: Hoerner E. , Stundner O. , Putz G. , Steinfeldt T. , Mathis S. , Gasteiger L. 
Published: September 2023

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2022:rapm-2022-103610)
The use of adjuvants to local anesthetics may prolong their duration or speed the onset of action. Amino-amide local anesthetics have the potential to precipitate when mixed with commonly used adjuvants, which can result in crystal deposition in the perineural or vascular regions. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of crystallization with commonly employed local anesthetic-adjuvant combinations, determine if there is a correlation with the solution’s pH, and assess if there is a change over time in crystallization grade.