bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbology for elliptic multiple polylogarithms and the symbol prime
Authors: Wilhelm Matthias , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Elliptic multiple polylogarithms occur in Feynman integrals and in particular in scattering amplitudes. They can be characterized by their symbol, a tensor product in the so-called symbol letters. In contrast to the non-elliptic case, the elliptic letters themselves satisfy highly non-trivial identities, which we discuss in this paper. Moreover, we introduce the symbol prime, an analog of the symbol for elliptic symbol letters, which makes these identities manifest. We demonstrate its use in two explicit examples at two-loop order: the unequal-mass sunrise integral in two dimensions and the ten-point double-box integral in four dimensions. Finally, we also report the result of the polylogarithmic nine-point double-box integral, which arises as the soft limit of the ten-point integral.
The scalar singlet extension of the Standard Model: gravitational waves versus baryogenesis
Authors: Ellis John , Lewicki Marek , Merchand Marco , No José Miguel , Zych Mateusz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study the possible gravitational wave signal and the viability of baryogenesis arising from the electroweak phase transition in an extension of the Standard Model (SM) by a scalar singlet field without a ℤ2 symmetry. We first analyze the velocity of the expanding true-vacuum bubbles during the phase transition, confirming our previous finding in the unbroken ℤ2 symmetry scenario, where the bubble wall velocity can be computed from first principles only for weak transitions with strength parameters α ≲ 0.05, and the Chapman-Jouguet velocity defines the maximum velocity for which the wall is stopped by the friction from the plasma. We further provide an analytical approximation to the wall velocity in the general scalar singlet scenario without ℤ2 symmetry and test it against the results of a detailed calculation, finding good agreement. We show that in the singlet scenario with a spontaneously broken ℤ2 symmetry, the phase transition is always weak and we see no hope for baryogenesis. In contrast, in the case with explicit ℤ2 breaking there is a region of the parameter space producing a promising baryon yield in the presence of CP violating interactions via an effective operator involving the singlet scalar and the SM top quarks. Yet, we find that this region yields unobservable gravitational waves. Finally, we show that the promising region for baryogenesis in this model may be fully tested by direct searches for singlet-like scalars in di-boson final states at the HL-LHC, combined with present and future measurements of the electron electric dipole moment.
Effective Field Theory islands from perturbative and nonperturbative four-graviton amplitudes
Authors: Bern Zvi , Herrmann Enrico , Kosmopoulos Dimitrios , Roiban Radu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Theoretical data obtained from physically sensible field and string theory models suggest that gravitational Effective Field Theories (EFTs) live on islands that are tiny compared to current general bounds determined from unitarity, causality, crossing symmetry, and a good high-energy behavior. In this work, we present explicit perturbative and nonperturbative 2 → 2 graviton scattering amplitudes and their associated low-energy expansion in spacetime dimensions D ≥ 4 to support this notion. Our new results include a first example of gravity weakly coupled to a nonperturbative effective action. We show that, at energies below the mass of its nonperturbative matter, the D = 4, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric field theory in the confined phase lies on the same islands identified using four-dimensional perturbative models based on string theory and minimally-coupled matter circulating a loop. Furthermore, we generalize the previous four-dimensional perturbative models based on string theory and minimally-coupled massive spin-0 and spin-1 states circulating in the loop to D dimensions. Remarkably, we again find that the low-energy EFT coefficients lie on small islands. These results offer a useful guide towards constraining possible extensions of Einstein gravity.
Axionic Festina Lente
Authors: Guidetti Veronica , Righi Nicole , Venken Gerben , Westphal Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The swampland conjecture known as Festina Lente (FL) imposes a lower bound on the mass of all charged particles in a quasi-de Sitter space. In this paper, we propose the aFL (axionic Festina Lente) bound, an extension of FL to axion-like particles arising from type II string theory. We find that the product of the instanton action and the axion decay constant is bounded from below by the vacuum energy. This is achieved indirectly, using dimensional reduction on Calabi-Yau threefolds, and translating the FL result for dipoles into a purely geometric bound. We discuss axionic black holes evolution, and aFL constraints on Euclidean wormholes, showing that the gravitational arguments leading to the FL bound for U(1) charged particles cannot be directly applied to axions. Moreover, we discuss phenomenological implications of the aFL bound, including constraints on string inflation models and the axion-photon coupling via kinetic mixing.
Contributions to the muon g − 2 from a three-form field
Authors: Huang Da , Tang Yong , Wu Yue-Liang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We examine contributions to the muon dipole moment g − 2 from a 3-form field Ω, which naturally arises from many fundamental theories, such as the string theory and the hyperunified field theory. In particular, by calculating the one-loop Feynman diagram, we have obtained the leading-order Ω-induced contribution to the muon g − 2, which is found to be finite. Then we investigate the theoretical constraints from perturbativity and unitarity. Especially, the unitarity bounds are yielded by computing the tree-level μ+μ− scattering amplitudes of various initial and final helicity configurations. As a result, despite the strong unitarity bounds imposed on this model of Ω, we have still found a substantial parameter space which can accommodates the muon g − 2 data.
Approaching Developable Surfaces Through Shadow and Penumbra
Authors: Martín-Pastor Andrés , González-Quintial Francisco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper enquires into the relationship between the rigorous graphic construction of penumbra and shadow and the idea of a developable surface circumscribed to two cores (whether these are curves or surfaces). The first rigorously constructed graphic representations of shadow and penumbra appearing in different historical treatises are contextualised and contrasted with the first works addressing the mathematical description of such surfaces. We describe how artisans and artists have employed physical and mechanical models to construct circumscribed developable surfaces, examining both their formal exploration and constructive formalisation. Next we extrapolate the mechanisms for generating circumscribed surfaces to digital and parametric models. The two procedures presented here evince the existing geometric limits of this way of generating a surface, thus influencing its constructive applications. Lastly, several examples of ephemeral architecture based on such procedures are offered, in which the digital design and manufacturing of experimental pavilions with circumscribed developable surfaces are addressed.
Is hospital volume related to quality of hip fracture care? Analysis of 43,538 patients and 68 hospitals from the Dutch Hip Fracture Audit
Authors: Würdemann Franka S. , van Zwet Erik W. , Krijnen Pieta , Hegeman Johannes H. , Schipper Inger B. ,   The Dutch Hip Fracture Audit Group, Calf A. H. , van Egmond P. W. , van Eijk M. , van Heijl M. , Luyten M. C. , Schutte B. G. , Voeten S. C. , Arends A. J. , Heetveld M. J. , Trappenburg M. C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Evidence for a hospital volume–outcome relationship in hip fracture surgery is inconclusive. This study aimed to analyze the association between hospital volume as a continuous parameter and several processes and outcomes of hip fracture care.

Methods
Adult patients registered in the nationwide Dutch Hip Fracture Audit (DHFA) between 2018 and 2020 were included. The association between annual hospital volume and turnaround times (time on the emergency ward, surgery < 48 h and length of stay), orthogeriatric co-treatment and case-mix adjusted in-hospital and 30 days mortality was evaluated with generalized linear mixed models with random effects for hospital and treatment year. We used a fifth-degree polynomial to allow for nonlinear effects of hospital volume. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferoni method.

Results
In total, 43,258 patients from 68 hospitals were included. The median annual hospital volume was 202 patients [range 1–546]. Baseline characteristics did not differ with hospital volume. Provision of orthogeriatric co-treatment improved with higher volumes but decreased at > 367 patients per year (p < 0.01). Hospital volume was not significantly associated with mortality outcomes. No evident clinical relation between hospital volume and turnaround times was found.

Conclusion
This is the first study analyzing the effect of hospital volume on hip fracture care, treating volume as a continuous parameter. Mortality and turnaround times showed no clinically relevant association with hospital volume. The provision of orthogeriatric co-treatment, however, increased with increasing volumes up to 367 patients per year, but decreased above this threshold. Future research on the effect of volume on complications and functional outcomes is indicated.
Simulations of rate of genetic gain in dry bean breeding programs
Authors: Lin Jennifer , Arief Vivi , Jahufer Zulfi , Osorno Juan , McClean Phil , Jarquin Diego , Hoyos-Villegas Valerio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKey messageA reference study for breeders aiming at maximizing genetic gain in common bean. Depending on trait heritability and genetic architecture, conventional approaches may provide an advantage over other frameworks.AbstractDry beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) are a nutrient dense legume that is consumed by developed and developing nations around the world. The progress to improve this crop has been quite steady. However, with the continued rise in global populations, there are demands to expedite genetic gains. Plant breeders have been at the forefront at increasing yields in the common bean. As breeding programs are both time-consuming and resource intensive, resource allocation must be carefully considered. To assist plant breeders, computer simulations can provide useful information that may then be applied to the real world. This study evaluated multiple breeding scenarios in the common bean and involved five selection strategies, three breeding frameworks, and four different parental population sizes. In addition, the breeding scenarios were implemented in three different traits: days to flowering, white mold tolerance, and seed yield. Results from the study reflect the complexity of breeding programs, with the optimal breeding scenario varying based on trait being selected. Relative genetic gains per cycle of up to 8.69% for seed yield could be obtained under the use of the optimal breeding scenario. Principal component analyses revealed similarity between strategies, where single seed descent and the modified pedigree method would often aggregate. As well, clusters in the direction of the Hamming distance eigenvector are a good indicator of poor performance in a strategy.
When stigmatization does not work: over-securitization in efforts of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots
Authors: Solovyeva Anzhelika , Hynek Nik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article reflects on securitization efforts with respect to ‘killer robots’, known more impartially as autonomous weapons systems (AWS). Our contribution focuses, theoretically and empirically, on the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots, a transnational advocacy network vigorously pushing for a pre-emptive ban on AWS. Marking exactly a decade of its activity, there is still no international regime formally banning, or even purposefully regulating, AWS. Our objective is to understand why the Campaign has not been able to advance its disarmament agenda thus far, despite all the resources, means and support at its disposal. For achieving this objective, we challenge the popular assumption that strong stigmatization is the universally best strategy towards humanitarian disarmament. We investigate the consequences of two specifics present in AWS, which set them apart from processes and successes of the campaigns to ban anti-personnel landmines, cluster munitions, and laser-blinding weapons: the complexity of AWS as a distinct weapons category, and the subsequent circumvention of its complexity through the utilization of pop-culture, namely science fiction imagery. We particularly focus on two mechanisms through which such distortion has occurred: hybridization and grafting. These provide the conceptual basis and heuristic tools to unpack the paradox of over-securitization: success in broadening the stakeholder base in relation to the first mechanism and deepening the sense of insecurity in relation to the second one does not necessarily lead to the achievement of the desired prohibitory norm. In conclusion, we ask whether it is not the time for a more epistemically-oriented expert debate with a less ambitious, lowest common denominator strategy as the preferred model of arms control for such a complex weapons category.
Understanding dynamics of polarization via multiagent social simulation
Authors: Haque Amanul , Ajmeri Nirav , Singh Munindar P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is widely recognized that the Web contributes to user polarization, and such polarization affects not just politics but also peoples’ stances about public health, such as vaccination. Understanding polarization in social networks is challenging because it depends not only on user attitudes but also their interactions and exposure to information. We adopt Social Judgment Theory to operationalize attitude shift and model user behavior based on empirical evidence from past studies. We design a social simulation to analyze how content sharing affects user satisfaction and polarization in a social network. We investigate the influence of varying tolerance in users and selectively exposing users to congenial views. We find that (1) higher user tolerance slows down polarization and leads to lower user satisfaction; (2) higher selective exposure leads to higher polarization and lower user reach; and (3) both higher tolerance and higher selective exposure lead to a more homophilic social network.
The Role of Flavobacterium enshiense R6S-5-6 in the Wetland Ecosystem Revealed by Whole-Genome Analysis
Authors: Choi Ahhyeon , Cha In-Tae , Lee Ki-Eun , Son Youn Kyoung , Yu Jaewoong , Seol Donghyeok 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe wetland is an important ecosystem for purifying pollutants and circulating nutrients. Numerous microorganisms contribute to maintaining this function. We obtained Flavobacterium enshiense R6S-5-6 which was isolated from Ungok (Ramsar) Wetland and conducted whole-genome sequencing to investigate what contribution R6S-5-6 could make to the wetland community. The complete genome sequence of R6S-5-6 has a size of 3,251,289 bp with 37.68% of GC content. Gene annotation revealed that R6S-5-6 has several pathways to break down pollutants, including denitrification, assimilatory sulfate reduction (ASR), and polyphosphate-accumulating process. Furthermore, R6S-5-6 has genes that can have a positive effect on plants living in wetlands, such as storing essential nutrients, promoting plant growth, and protecting plants against pathogens.
AUR1 and its pals: orchestration of intracellular rhizobia infection in legume for nitrogen fixation
Authors: Singh Jawahar , Varshney Vishal , Mishra Vishnu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Key message
We highlight the newly emerged regulatory role of a mitotic kinase AUR1, its activator, and its microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in infection thread formation for root nodule symbiosis.
Transport measurements in single-grain GdBCO+Ag bulk superconductors processed by infiltration growth
Authors: Cayado Pablo , Namburi Devendra K. , Erbe Manuela , Hänisch Jens , Cardwell David A. , Durrell John H. , Holzapfel Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransport measurements performed on a cross-sectional slice prepared from a bulk GdBa2Cu3O7-x-Ag single-grain superconductor of 25 mm in diameter are described and the results presented. The sample, which was fabricated via the buffer-assisted top-seeded infiltration growth process, was capable of trapping a maximum magnetic field of ~ 1 T at 77 K. Transport measurements on superconducting, bulk single-grain RE-Ba-Cu-O [(RE)BCO] samples are generally very challenging due to their large critical current densities and poor mechanical properties. We present a straightforward and reliable approach to prepare reproducibly specimens from the parent single grain and results of transport property measurements on these samples in a commercial Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS). Critical current densities determined via magnetic and transport measurements are compared and discussed.
PLD plasma plume analysis: a summary of the PSI contribution
Authors: Schneider Christof W. , Lippert Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report on the properties of laser-induced plasma plumes generated by ns pulsed excimer lasers as used for pulsed laser deposition to prepare thin oxide films. A focus is on the time and spatial evolution of chemical species in the plasma plume as well as the mechanisms related to the plume expansion. The overall dynamics of such a plume is governed by the species composition in particular if three or more elements are involved. We studied the temporal evolution of the plume, the composition of the chemical species in the plasma, as well as their electric charge. In particular, ionized species can have an important influence on film growth. Likewise, the different oxygen sources contributing to the overall oxygen content of an oxide film are presented and discussed. Important for the growth of oxide thin films is the compositional transfer of light element such as oxygen or Li. We will show and discuss how to monitor these light elements using plasma spectroscopy and plasma imaging and outline some consequences of our experimental results.
Low-pressure ethylene/air laminar premixed flames: characterisations and soot diagnostics
Authors: Algoraini Safa , Sun Zhiwei , Dally Bassam B. , Alwahabi Zeyad T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the structure of laminar premixed ethylene/air flat flames at low pressure are studied experimentally. The aim of the work is to exploit the spatial expansion of laminar 1D flames and advanced laser techniques to better understand the conditions and precursors affecting soot particles inception. Soot volume fraction (fv) profiles were measured using laser-induced incandescence (LII), while spatial distribution of the CH* and C2* radicals was measured using spatially resolved emission spectroscopy. Spatially resolved laser-induced fluorescence has been used to record emission from 2–3 rings, 3–4 rings and > 5 rings. The temperature of soot particles (Ts) was evaluated through fitting the spectrally resolved soot luminosity, while flame gaseous temperature (Tg) was measured using a fine thermocouple. The laminar flow velocity was modeled and used to evaluate the reaction time at each HAB. Taking advantage of the expanded flame structure at low pressure, the profiles of CH*, C2*, soot and temperatures, as a function of the height above the burner, were well resolved. It was found that CH* and C2* chemiluminescence overlap in space. The thickness of CH* layer is larger than that of C2*, and it peaks at slightly different location, CH* appears approximately 1 mm before C2*. The distance between the two peaks decreases linearly with the increase in pressure. The lowest value of the initial soot volume fraction (fv) was 0.19 ppb, measured at pressure 27 kPa. It was found that fv scales with the pressure following a power function of the form fv α Prn, where n is 2.15 ± 0.7. It was observed that, in all the flames investigated, the initial soot particles first appear at a common critical inception temperature, Tinception, of 1465 ± 66 K. It was found that the Tinception is lower than the maximum flame temperature, Tmax, by ~ 45° and appeared ~ 1 mm further than the location of Tmax. Using the Lagrangian quantity dfv/dt and fv, it was possible to reveal the soot growth rate, kSG. At pressure of 27 kPa, the value of kSG was evaluated as 20 s−1.
Uncertainty Diagnostics of Binomial Regression Trees for Ordered Rating Data
Authors: Simone Rosaria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe paper proposes a method to perform diagnostics of model-based trees for preference and evaluation data on the basis of surrogate residual analysis for ordinal data models. The discussion stems from the introduction of binomial regression trees and discusses how to perform local diagnostics of misspecification against alternative model extensions within the framework of mixture models with uncertainty. Three case studies concerning customer satisfaction and perceived trust for information sources illustrate usefulness and versatile applicative extent of the proposal.
Cyclic Polynomials in Dirichlet-Type Spaces in the Unit Ball of $${\mathbb {C}}^2$$
Authors: Kosiński Łukasz , Vavitsas Dimitrios 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe characterize polynomials that are cyclic in Dirichlet-type spaces in the unit ball in $${\mathbb {C}}^2$$

C

2

.
Rapid ossification of a giant post-operative occipital pseudomeningocele following posterior fossa surgery
Authors: Lewis Daniel , Sethuraman Chitra , Varthalitis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPseudomeningocele formation following posterior fossa surgery is a well-recognised complication, occurring in up to 33% of operated cases in some series. Ossification of a cranial pseudomeningocele is, however, an exceptionally rare event with only three prior reported cases. We present the unique case of a paediatric patient who developed rapid ossification of a giant occipital pseudomeningocele following posterior fossa surgery. An 8-year-old female patient underwent a midline posterior fossa craniotomy for resection of an exophytic brainstem low-grade glioma. Post-surgery, the patient developed pan-ventricular hydrocephalus and a large occipital pseudomeningocele, which initially increased in size despite a successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) being performed. At approximately 3 months post-surgery, reduction of the pseudomeningocele was observed with associated prominent ossification of the pseudomeningocele wall on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Surgical excision was subsequently undertaken, and intra-operatively, a large ossified pseudomeningocele was found. Follow-up MRI 1 month later demonstrated almost complete resolution of the pseudomeningocele with an associated reduction in the degree of pan-ventricular ventriculomegaly. This case highlights that ossification of even giant pseudomeningoceles can occur over a time period of just a few months and clinicians should consider ossification whenever a change in size or consistency of a post-operative pseudomeningocele is encountered.