bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information, involvement, self-care and support—The needs of caregivers of people with stroke: A grounded theory approach
Authors: Lobo Elton H. , Frølich Anne , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Rasmussen Lene J. , Grundy John , Livingston Patricia M. , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Kensing Finn 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundGlobally, stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, with most care undertaken by caregivers who are generally family and friends without prior experience of care. The lack of experience or unpreparedness results in feelings of uncertainty, burnout, anxiety, burden, etc. Hence, it is necessary to identify the needs of caregivers to better support them in their caregiving journey and improve the quality of care delivered.MethodsThe study employed a grounded theory methodology that utilizes information gathered from literature reviews and social media to represent the needs and create a storyline visually. The storyline is further refined and evaluated using an online survey of 72 participants recruited through online stroke caregiving communities.ResultsThe study identified four core categories of needs: (i) Information: sufficient information delivered in layman’s terms based on the individual situation of the caregiver and survivor through oral and hands-on demonstrations, (ii) Involvement: inclusion in the decision-making processes at different stages of recovery through face-to-face communication at the hospital, (iii) Self-care: ability to engage in work and leisure activities, (iv) Support: receive support in the form of resources, services and finances from different other stakeholders.ConclusionsThere is a need to create a caregiver-centered approach in stroke recovery to ensure limited obstruction to care and reduced uncertainty in stroke recovery. Moreover, through the inclusion of caregivers in stroke recovery, it may be possible to reduce the burden of care to the caregiver and ensure the satisfaction of the healthcare system throughout stroke recovery.
Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Xu Mingze , Ji Yunhan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease affecting approximately 10% of men and 18% of women older than 60. Its pathogenesis is still not fully understood; however, emerging evidence has suggested that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with OA progression. The pathological features of OA are articular cartilage degeneration in the focal area, including new bone formation at the edge of the joint, subchondral bone changes, and synovitis. Conventional drug therapy aims to prevent further cartilage loss and joint dysfunction. However, the ideal treatment for the pathogenesis of OA remains to be defined. Macrophages are the most common immune cells in inflamed synovial tissues. In OA, synovial macrophages undergo proliferation and activation, thereby releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α, among others. The review article discusses (1) the role of synovial macrophages in the pathogenesis of OA; (2) the progress of immunoregulation of synovial macrophages in the treatment of OA; (3) novel therapeutic targets for preventing the progress of OA or promoting cartilage repair and regeneration.
Veit Valentins „Geschichte der deutschen Revolution 1848–1849“ (von 1930/1931). Eine Vorläuferin transnationaler Geschichtsschreibung?
Authors: Blaschke Olaf , Potthast Simon 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Zeitgemäße Geschichtsforschung muss heute „transnational“ sein. In der Tat halfen seit 2001 transnationale Zugänge, den methodologischen Nationalismus zu überwinden und neue Erkenntnisse über grenzüberschreitende Akteure, Ideen und Kulturen sowie transnationale Räume zu gewinnen. Doch wie neu ist eigentlich die transnationale Geschichtsschreibung? „Weil sie frühere Werke nicht kennen, machen nachgeborene Wissenschaftler Entdeckungen, die sich als Wiederentdeckungen entpuppen“, wusste schon Robert K. Merton 1967. Für die Revolution von 1848 jedenfalls lässt sich zeigen, dass Veit Valentin 1930/31 transnationale Perspektiven bereits avant la lettre gewinnbringend berücksichtigte. Freilich setzte der demokratische Historiker in der gefährdeten Weimarer Republik andere Prioritäten. Deshalb lautete seine Botschaft, die ungeliebte Revolution sei „übernational-europäisch“ und doch, trotz Imitation, Transfer und Adaption anderer Vorbilder, auch deutsch gewesen, während die Konterrevolutionäre die „erste Internationale“ gebildet hätten. Valentin wird in der Revolutionsgeschichtsschreibung pflichtschuldig als „Klassiker“ genannt, sein voluminöser Zweibänder indes offenbar kaum studiert. Tatsächlich finden sich dort zur Verfassungs- und Kulturgeschichte der deutsch-europäischen Revolution erstaunlich viele transnationale Einsichten. Dessen ungeachtet wird das Transnationale in jüngeren Studien, die solche Vorläufer nicht kennen, als neu proklamiert und angewandt. Transnationale Geschichte ist eine Wiedergängerin im Gewand der Neuentdeckung. Aber es gibt auch Unterschiede zu 1930/31.
Discrepancy in prosodic disambiguation strategies between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers
Authors: Xue Liya , Yue Ming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Previous studies on prosodic disambiguation have found Chinese EFL learners capable of using prosodic cues for both boundary marking and focus encoding in English, but somewhat differently from native English speakers. No clear understanding has yet been obtained about their overall use of prosodic strategies in speech production for disambiguation. In this study, we conducted a contextualized production task followed by perception judgments and acoustic analyses to investigate their prosodic disambiguation, with native English speakers as the contrast group. We considered three types of prosodic cues (duration, pitch, and intensity), and examined ambiguities in both syntactic structure and information structure. We found that Chinese EFL learners did alter their prosodic cues to disambiguate two readings, but differently from native English speakers in both cue number and cue combination. Specifically, they used a narrower range of cues and provided insufficient prosodic information, consequently leading to poor perception by native listeners. Our findings argue for prosodic disambiguation training in foreign language teaching.
Validation of a hybrid RF/FSO communication system under foggy weather conditions
Authors: Hamoudi Zainab A. , Ali Mazin Ali A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Future high-capacity data links are best suited for free space optical (FSO) communications since they have a larger bandwidth and secure transmission compared to RF links. FSO has several uses including indoor and outdoor settings. The impacts of weather are extensive, with fog being the main mitigating factor reducing link availability. The solution to the problem is to employ a hybrid network with RF/FSO and backup link. Different liquid water densities were used to analyze the performance of the hybrid RF/FSO system in foggy weather. In terms of BER, Q factor, and data rate, a comparison between RF and FSO lines is made. The findings demonstrated that in lower-medium of liquids with water density, the influence of fog weather on RF link is minimal. Under the same situations, an FSO link is useful as a backup link in higher liquid water density concentrations.
Propofol-mediated circ_0000735 downregulation restrains tumor growth by decreasing integrin-β1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Gao Yunli , Li Yue , Li Xinying , Gong Haixia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic agent, exerts an anti-tumor peculiarity in multifarious tumors. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000735 (circ_0000735) is involved in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether propofol can curb NSCLC progression via regulating circ_0000735 expression. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. Evaluation of protein levels was performed using western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Detection of circ_0000735 in tissue samples and cells was carried out using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The molecular mechanisms associated with circ_0000735 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The relationship between propofol and circ_0000735 in vivo was verified by xenograft models. The results showed that circ_0000735 was overexpressed in NSCLC samples and cells. Propofol treatment overtly decreased circ_0000735 expression in NSCLC cells and repressed NSCLC cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and facilitated NSCLC cell apoptosis, but these effects mediated by propofol were counteracted by circ_0000735 overexpression. Circ_0000735 functioned as a miR-153-3p sponge and regulated integrin-β1 (ITGB1) expression via adsorbing miR-153-3p. ITGB1 overexpression reversed circ_0000735 silencing-mediated effects on NSCLC cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. In conclusion, propofol restrained NSCLC growth by downregulating circ_0000735, which functioned as a miR-153-3p sponge and regulated ITGB1 expression via adsorbing miR-153-3p. This study provides evidence to support that propofol curbs NSCLC progression by regulating circRNA expression.
PVT1/miR-16/CCND1 axis regulates gastric cancer progression
Authors: Lv Haidong , Zhou Dixia , Liu Guoqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been reported to be a vital modulator in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC). However, the detailed regulatory mechanism of PVT1 in GC remains largely unclear. In this work, the expressions of PVT1 and microRNA-16 (miR-16) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in GC tissues and cell lines. GC cell lines NCI-N87 and MKN45 cell lines were chosen for the following assays. After PVT1 was overexpressed or depleted, CCK-8 and Transwell assays were performed to examine the cell viability and invasive capacity. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) at mRNA and protein levels was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The competitive endogenous RNA molecular mechanism among PVT1, miR-16 and CCND1 was verified by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase-reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. In the present study, it was revealed that PVT1 expression was remarkably evaluated in GC tissues and cell lines than that in the corresponding control group. PVT1 positively regulated the proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression of GC cells. Besides, miR-16 was identified as a target of PVT1, and CCND1 was identified as a target of miR-16. The depletion of PVT1 promoted the expression of miR-16 and suppressed CCND1 expression. Moreover, either miR-16 inhibitor or CCND1 overexpression plasmid could reverse the promoting effects of PVT1 on the malignant biological behaviors of GC cells. In conclusion, PVT1 promoted CCND1 expression by negatively regulating miR-16 expression to enhance the viability, invasion and cell cycle progression of GC cells.
On the relation between electrical and electro-optical properties of tunnelling injection quantum dot lasers
Authors: Mikhelashvili Vissarion , Gal Lior , Seri Guy , Bauer Sven , Khanonkin Igor , Eyal Ori , Willinger Amnon , Reithmaier Johann , Eisenstein Gadi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of the temperature dependent electronic and optoelectronic properties of a tunnelling injection quantum dot laser. The optical power-voltage (P
opt–V) characteristics are shown to be correlated with the current-voltage (I–V) and capacitance-voltage (C–V) dependencies at low and elevated temperatures. Cryogenic temperature measurements reveal a clear signature of resonant tunnelling manifested in periodic responses of the I–V and P
opt–V characteristics, which diminish above 60 K. The C–V characteristics reveal a hysteresis stemming from charging and de-charging of the quantum dots, as well as negative capacitance. The latter is accompanied by a clear peak that appears at the voltage corresponding to carrier clamping, since the clamping induces a transient-like effect on the carrier density. C–V measurements lead also to a determination of the dot density which is found to be similar to that obtained from atomic force microscopy. C–V measurements enable also to extract the average number of trapped electrons in each quantum dot which is 0.95. As the important parameters of the laser have signatures in the electrical and electro-optical characteristics, the combination serves as a powerful tool to study intricate details of the laser operation.
Two-photon microscopy: application advantages and latest progress for in vivo imaging of neurons and blood vessels after ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Jiarui , Wu Xuan , Fu Yu , Nie Hao , Tang Zhouping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Two-photon microscopy (TPM) plays an important role in the study of the changes of the two important components of neurovascular units (NVU) – neurons and blood vessels after ischemic stroke (IS). IS refers to sudden neurological dysfunction caused by focal cerebral ischemia, which is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. TPM is a new and rapidly developing high-resolution real-time imaging technique used in vivo that has attracted increasing attention from scientists in the neuroscience field. Neurons and blood vessels are important components of neurovascular units, and they undergo great changes after IS to respond to and compensate for ischemic injury. Here, we introduce the characteristics and pre-imaging preparations of TPM, and review the common methods and latest progress of TPM in the neuronal and vascular research for injury and recovery of IS in recent years. With the review, we clearly recognized that the most important advantage of TPM in the study of ischemic stroke is the ability to perform chronic longitudinal imaging of different tissues at a high resolution in vivo. Finally, we discuss the limitations of TPM and the technological advances in recent years.
Novel Curvilinear Sprint Test in Basketball: Reliability and Comparison With Linear Sprint
Authors: Baena-Raya Andrés , Díez-Fernández David M. , López-Sagarra Andrés , Martínez-Rubio Carlos , Soriano-Maldonado Alberto , Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Baena-Raya, A, Díez-Fernández, DM, López-Sagarra, A, Martínez-Rubio, C, Soriano-Maldonado, A, and Rodríguez-Pérez, MA. Novel curvilinear sprint test in basketball: reliability and comparison with linear sprint. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): e535–e540, 2023—This study (a) evaluated the reliability of a curvilinear sprint (CS) test to assess kinetic and kinematic outcomes in basketball players, (b) compared the kinetic and kinematic outcomes derived from curvilinear vs. linear sprints (LS), and (c) examined the association of both the CS and LS with change of direction (COD) performance. Thirty young basketball players (17 men and 13 women) competing at the national level (i.e., Spanish Basketball National League) performed a novel CS test around the 3-point line (the 3-point line CS test) to the right and left sides. The maximum and average values of acceleration (ACC), velocity (VEL), and centripetal force (CentF) were measured using Local Positioning System technology (WIMU PRO, Realtrack Systems S.L., Almería, Spain). All outcomes showed a high relative (intraclass correlations coefficient ≥ 0.90) and absolute (coefficient of variation [CV] < 5%) reliability, except the maximal CentF to the right (CV = 5.41%) and left sides (CV = 7.72%). Linear sprints displayed higher ACC and VEL outputs compared with the 3-point line CS test (all p < 0.001). Both sprinting tests were very large to nearly perfect associated with COD performance (LS r range from −0.71 to −0.86; CS r range from −0.68 to −0.94; p < 0.001), and the curvilinear ACCmax was the kinematic outcome most strongly associated with COD performance (r range from −0.73 to −0.94). In conclusion, the 3-point line CS test is reliable to measure CS performance in basketball and presents different kinetic and kinematic features than LS.
Relationship Between Pitch Counts and Shoulder Strength in Collegiate Baseball Players
Authors: Gagnon Alex , Payette Justin , Park Migi , Juras Ken , Slater Lindsay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gagnon, A, Payette, J, Park, M, Juras, K, and Slater, L. Relationship between pitch counts and shoulder strength in collegiate baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1860–1864, 2023—Large volumes of throwing leads to changes in shoulder strength that have been associated with increased risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between throwing volume and eccentric shoulder strength. Twelve NCAA Division I baseball pitchers volunteered to participate. Prepractice and postpractice eccentric shoulder strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer at 30°/second. Change in strength was calculated as the prepractice strength measure subtracted from the postpractice strength measure. After initial testing, subjects self-reported pitch counts before completing postpractice strength testing. Subjects were separated into high-strength and low-strength groups based on the median external rotation strength. Paired t-tests were used to compare change in shoulder strength and Pearson's r correlations were used to quantify the association between pitches and change in strength. There were no changes between prestrength and poststrength assessments in external rotation strength or internal rotation strength for the entire group. When divided into strength groups, correlations between strength and total pitches were nonsignificant for the high-strength group but were strong for both external rotation (r = −0.87, p = 0.025) and internal rotation (r = −0.91, p = 0.013) in the low-strength group. Pitchers with lower shoulder eccentric strength at baseline demonstrated greater declines in strength, whereas pitchers with higher shoulder eccentric strength did not demonstrate changes in strength. Changes in strength during practice could lead to compensatory movement that may predispose athletes to injury. Sport performance professionals may benefit from obtaining eccentric shoulder strength to assist with performance periodization and rehabilitation after injury.
Effect of Microstructure Evolution on the Mechanical Properties of P92 Steel during Long-Term Thermal Aging
Authors: Sakthivel T. , Vasudevan M. , Parameswaran P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Tensile properties and Charpy impact toughness of P92 steel in the normalized and tempered (NT) and thermal aged (TA) at 923 K for different durations (10,000, 20,000, 30,000, and 54,300 h) were investigated. The yield stress and ultimate tensile strength of the thermal exposed up to 30,000-h steels were (30–24 %) lower than the NT steel over the investigated tests temperature range (298–923 K). The tensile strengths of thermal exposed for different durations up to 30,000-h steels were comparable. The drastic reduction in tensile strengths about 15–20 % was observed in the 54,300-h exposed steel as compared to the 30,000-h aged steel. The Charpy impact toughness of the P92 steel has decreased significantly in the TA condition (37 J) than in the NT condition (142 J). Formation and coarsening of Laves phase by loss of tungsten in the matrix, lower dislocation density, and coarser lath width in the TA steel have been attributed to the deterioration of the tensile strengths of TA steel. Martensitic lath structure was recovered predominantly in the 54,300-h aged steel. Coarsening rate of Laves phase (3.5963 × 10−28 m3/s) is higher than the M23C6 (6.0877 × 10−30 m3/s) precipitates. The presence of coarser Laves phase and reduction in boundary density in the TA steel has resulted in a drastic reduction in the impact toughness of the steel.
A Curriculum in the Post: A Reading of the First Foreign Language Sixth Grade Curriculum through a Posthumanist Lens
Authors: Gajauskaitė Rūta 
Published: January 2023

This paper looks at how the ontological and epistemological premises of posthumanism allow educators to reread a curriculum. Document analysis reveals the current grade 6 first foreign language curriculum in Lithuania as being, in Deleuzian terms, a striated, exhaustive, and positivist one. It is also ridden with tension to meet both the naturally arising learners’ interests and standardized learning outcomes. Posthumanism, which invites educators to look at the curriculum rhizomatically, allows for different kind of learning – defined through thinking, becoming, and affirming.
Promoting Pre-service Teachers’ Domain-general Metacognition
Authors: Briška Ilze , Siliņa-Jasjukeviča Gunta 
Published: January 2023

The current study explores the possibilities of promoting the prospective teacher’s domain-general metacognition in the university study process.The aim of the study is to investigate which content of reflection is more relevant for effective enhancing teacher education students’ domain-general metacognition.To reach the aim, the structure of metacognition is analysed; metacognition (MC) components are interpreted from the perspective of transformative learning to define the indices for the domain-general metacognition; a set of open-ended sentences is constructed for reflection which includes all components of MC; and the significance of different sentences for providing the students’ domain-general metacognition is proved in a mixed-methods study.
Translation of Morphologically Complex Terms: The Case of untenantability
Authors: Ratkus Artūras 
Published: January 2023

The article addresses problems of understanding and translation of morphologically complex terms, often characterized in terms of idiosyncratic and unpredictable semantics. This is due not only to the complex structural relations within such words, but also the individual history and idiosyncratic lexical properties of their components. The law term untenantability belongs to a motley group of semantically complex derivatives in -able. It is argued that untenantability bears no semantic relation to the modal adjective able. The morphological structure of untenantability and its syntactic properties highlight its meaning of ‘unfit for tenancy’. This meaning is corroborated, and its specifics clarified, by the use of untenantability in legal contexts.