bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Surprises, Strategy, the Economy and What Comes Next for Scottish Independence
Authors: Docherty Iain 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNicola Sturgeon's resignation as First Minister and leader of the SNP has thrown Scottish politics into flux. But beneath the superficial media coverage and frenetic party politics that followed her resignation, the fundamentals of the constitutional debate remain unaltered. One of these fundamentals, the extent to which Scotland is better or worse off being part of the UK political economy, is rarely debated in the depth it deserves. The parlous state of the UK economy and, in particular, the deeply entrenched territorial inequality that results from its extreme core‐periphery structure that safeguards the economic dominance of London and South East England, holds the potential for a surprise shift in the debate over independence to emerge.
Exploring the utility of eye tracking for sociological research on race
Authors: Sims Jennifer Patrice , Haynes Alex , Lanius Candice 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne part of the social construction of race is the symbolic association of given physical features with different races. This research note explores the utility of eye tracking for sociological research on racial perception, that is, for determining what race someone ‘looks like.’ Results reveal that participants gave greatest attention to targets' hair. This was especially so when targets of all races had straight hair or when a target identified as Black/White mixed‐race. The mixed‐race results in particular provide physiological evidence of the theory of multiracial dissection. We conclude by suggesting that eye tracking can be useful to sociologists by revealing subconscious tendencies and biases which, once identified, can be consciously addressed in service to reducing social disparities.
Let those with power speak: The effects of a CEO as a spokesperson and using a video channel during a product‐harm crisis and a moral‐harm crisis
Authors: Beldad Ardion , von Rosenstiel Lara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOrganizations facing a crisis, whether product‐ or moral‐harm, must carefully decide on their crisis response to minimize any crisis‐related damage. When responding to a crisis, it is not only the message that matters but also the individual delivering the response and the channel used for responding. To test the effects of crisis spokesperson (CEO vs. public relations officer) and channel type (video vs. text‐based) during two types of crises (product‐ vs. moral‐harm) on customers' trust, anger, and purchase intention, a 2 × 2 × 2 between‐subjects experiment was conducted with 207 German participants. Analyses show that customers' level of trust and purchase intention are higher and levels of anger lower when a CEO (instead of a PR officer) responds to a crisis and when a video (instead of a text‐based channel) is used for the response. Additionally, a CEO responding to a product‐harm crisis and using a video channel results in positive outcomes. Furthermore, the effects of spokesperson type and channel type on purchase intention are mediated by trust and anger.
Stock investors' reaction to layoff announcements: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Eshghi Kamran , Astvansh Vivek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDoes a firm's layoff announcement elicit a negative or a positive reaction from its stock investors? The extant empirical evidence on this question is mixed. The authors' meta‐analysis of 34,594 layoff announcements taken from 126 samples featured in 78 studies reports that the average investor reaction is significantly negative (effect size of −0.549). Next, the authors use signaling theory—specifically, characteristics of the signal, the signaler, and the signaling environment—to examine variation in investor reaction. They find that investors do not react if a layoff announcement signals proactive management (e.g., cost cutting) but penalize the firm if the layoff indicates reactive management (e.g., decline in demand). The penalty is also positively associated with layoff size but unrelated to firm size. Further, investors have become less punitive over time, or if its stock is traded on an exchange in civil law (vs. common law) country. The empirical generalizations guide managers on the consequences of their layoff announcements.
Optimizing ddRAD sequencing for population genomic studies with ddgRADer
Authors: Lajmi Aparna , Glinka Felix , Privman Eyal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDouble‐digest Restriction‐site Associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) is widely used to generate genomic data for non‐model organisms in evolutionary and ecological studies. Along with affordable paired‐end sequencing, this method makes population genomic analyses more accessible. However, multiple factors should be considered when designing a ddRADseq experiment, which can be challenging for new users. The generated data often suffer from substantial read overlaps and adaptor contamination, severely reducing sequencing efficiency and affecting data quality. Here, we analyse diverse datasets from the literature and carry out controlled experiments to understand the effects of enzyme choice and size selection on sequencing efficiency. The empirical data reveal that size selection is imprecise and has limited efficacy. In certain scenarios, a substantial proportion of short fragments pass below the lower size‐selection cut‐off resulting in low sequencing efficiency. However, enzyme choice can considerably mitigate inadvertent inclusion of these shorter fragments. A simple model based on these experiments is implemented to predict the number of genomic fragments generated after digestion and size selection, number of SNPs genotyped, number of samples that can be multiplexed and the expected sequencing efficiency. We developed ddgRADer – http://ddgrader.haifa.ac.il/ – a user‐friendly webtool and incorporated these calculations to aid in ddRADseq experimental design while optimizing sequencing efficiency. This tool can also be used for single enzyme protocols such as Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing. Given user‐defined study goals, ddgRADer recommends enzyme pairs and allows users to compare and choose enzymes and size‐selection criteria. ddgRADer improves the accessibility and ease of designing ddRADseq experiments and increases the probability of success of the first population genomic study conducted in labs with no prior experience in genomics.
The bullwhip effect, demand uncertainty, and cost structure
Authors: Chen Clara Xiaoling , Liang Jing , Yang Shilei , Zhu Jing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe firm‐level bullwhip effect is the amplification of demand uncertainty along a supply chain—that is, fluctuations in production (for manufacturing firms) or purchases from suppliers (for retailers or wholesalers) in a firm tend to be greater than its demand fluctuations. We predict that the bullwhip ratio (a proxy for the bullwhip effect) amplifies the relation between demand uncertainty and cost structure. We expect this amplifying effect because the bullwhip ratio determines the extent to which demand uncertainty translates into uncertainty in production or purchases, which, in turn, affects cost structure. Using data from public US firms over the 1990–2020 period, we find results consistent with our prediction. Specifically, we find that both the negative relation between demand uncertainty and cost elasticity in the manufacturing sector and the positive relation between the two in the retail/wholesale sectors are stronger for firms with higher bullwhip ratios. We contribute to the literature on cost structure by highlighting the important role of the bullwhip effect in cost structure decisions.
Proteomic architecture of frailty across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Perry Andrew S. , Zhao Shilin , Gajjar Priya , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Lehallier Benoit , Miller Patricia , Nair Sangeeta , Neill Colin , Carr J. Jeffrey , Fearon William , Kapadia Samir , Kumbhani Dharam , Gillam Linda , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Farrell Laurie , Marron Megan M. , Tian Qu , Newman Anne B. , Murabito Joanne , Gerszten Robert E. , Nayor Matthew , Elmariah Sammy , Lindman Brian R. , Shah Ravi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile frailty is a prominent risk factor in an aging population, the underlying biology of frailty is incompletely described. Here, we integrate 979 circulating proteins across a wide range of physiologies with 12 measures of frailty in a prospective discovery cohort of 809 individuals with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Our aim was to characterize the proteomic architecture of frailty in a highly susceptible population and study its relation to clinical outcome and systems‐wide phenotypes to define potential novel, clinically relevant frailty biology. Proteomic signatures (specifically of physical function) were related to post‐intervention outcome in AS, specifying pathways of innate immunity, cell growth/senescence, fibrosis/metabolism, and a host of proteins not widely described in human aging. In published cohorts, the “frailty proteome” displayed heterogeneous trajectories across age (20–100 years, age only explaining a small fraction of variance) and were associated with cardiac and non‐cardiac phenotypes and outcomes across two broad validation cohorts (N > 35,000) over ≈2–3 decades. These findings suggest the importance of precision biomarkers of underlying multi‐organ health status in age‐related morbidity and frailty.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi colonization in an invasive plant from Patagonian wetlands
Authors: Cuassolo Florencia , Diaz‐Villanueva Verónica 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi are common plant symbionts, but their role in promoting host plant fitness depends on environmental variables. Particularly in wetland plants, these associations are less understood. We analysed the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate fungi (DSF) in the roots of Potentilla anserina (Rosaceae), an invasive species of Patagonia, widely distributed in wetlands. We tested three hypotheses: that fungi colonization varies according to soil moisture and nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus), that they enhance P. anserina nutrient content, and benefit plant growth. We measured the percentage of colonization in plants from five wetlands across a moisture gradient with different nutrient content, and performed a growth experiment with soil from these wetlands to evaluate changes in mycorrhizal and endophytic fungal colonization, aerial nutrient content and biomass production. In the field, root colonization by AMF was high in all sites (~90%), whereas DSF was less abundant (~20%), positively related to soil organic matter, and negatively related to soil phosphorus. In the experiment, DSF colonization was inversely related to increasing tissue N and P content. Potentilla anserina grew similarly in all the treatments, but biomass was positively related to DSF colonization. Our results provide evidence that DSF, rather than AMF, confer to this invasive species the ability to grow in soils with different water and nutrient content and may help to explain the wide distribution of this alien species in Patagonian wetlands.
Developing models to predict feces and urine excretion in Japanese Black fattening steer by multiple regression analysis
Authors: Maeda Yuka , Nishimura Keiko , Terada Fuminori , Kushibiki Shiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop models for predicting the amount of feces and urine excreted by Japanese Black fattening steer using a dataset of 119 digestion trials for a total of 46 animals. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between feces and urine excretion and feed intake, feed digestibility, and nitrogen balance. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to develop models for predicting the amount of feces and urine excreted using the explanatory variables selected from various animal and dietary parameters based on P‐value (<0.10) and variance inflation factor (<3.0). Resultingly, dry matter intake was a primary predictor of feces excreted. The prediction equation for the amount of feces excretion as a function of body weight, dry matter intake, and calculated total digestible nutrients fits the data well (adjusted coefficient of determination [adj R2] = 0.519, root mean square error = 1.57). Furthermore, the nitrogen content in the urine was the primary predictor of the urine excretion amount. Thus, the prediction equation for the amount of urine excreted using the nitrogen content in urine yielded a highly accurate model (adj R2 = 0.813, root mean square error = 4.12).
Probiotic bacteria alleviate chlorpyrifos‐induced rat testicular and renal toxicity: A possible mechanism based on antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity
Authors: Nejati Roghayeh , Nematollahi Amene , Doraghi Hashmieh Kabi , Sayadi Mehran , Alipanah Hiva 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChlorpyrifos (CPF) has caused many potential toxicities in nontarget organisms. Fewer studies have been conducted on the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in mitigating tissue damage induced by CPF in vivo. Therefore, we investigated CPF renal and testicular toxicity and the alleviating effect of probiotic lactobacilli, based on antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity, on induced toxicity in an animal model. Biochemical assays showed that CPF induced oxidative stress along with a change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in a tissue‐dependent manner. After treatment with CPF, testicular and renal levels of TNF‐α were significantly reduced and enhanced, respectively, compared to the control group. The probiotic treatment restored renal and testicular TNF‐α levels and modulated and blocked the increasing effect of CPF on renal IL‐1β levels. Testicular IL‐1β levels in the probiotic‐treated and CPF groups demonstrated similar values. Exposure to CPF significantly induced renal histopathological damage that, of course, was completely inhibited by treatment withLactobacillus caseiand the LAB mixture. In summary, CPF showed significant toxicological effects on oxidative stress and the inflammation rate in CPF‐exposed rats. Therefore, supplementation with probiotic bacteria may alleviate CPF renal toxicity and mitigate its oxidative stress and inflammation effects.
Cerebral microbleeds in the poisoned patient: An observational magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Naïm Giulia , Malissin Isabelle , Mégarbane Bruno 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCritical illness‐associated cerebral microbleeds of poorly understood pathophysiology have been observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in severely hypoxaemic patients similarly to high‐altitude cerebral oedema patients. The prevalence and circumstances of occurrence of such cerebral microbleeds in the severely poisoned patients are unknown. We retrospectively reviewed all cerebral MRIs performed in the poisoned patients with atypical neurological presentation or outcome admitted to our intensive care unit in 2014–2021. Three out of 64 patients (4.7%) investigated with cerebral MRI among the 2986 severely poisoned patients presented cerebral microbleeds. Microbleeds were localized in the white cerebral matter mainly in the corpus callosum. Ingested toxicants included dichlorvos, methadone and tramadol. Patients were found comatose with possibly prolonged severe hypoxaemia requiring prompt tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. They presented delayed arousal and dysexecutive syndrome leading to sequelae. Microbleeds on MRI can occur in the critically ill poisoned patients and seems to be a multifactorial phenomenon. A direct relationship with the toxicant seems improbable. Physicians should be aware of such a non‐specific complication accounting for sequelae.
Invasive fungal infection following venetoclax and posaconazole co‐administration
Authors: Reynolds Gemma , Urbancic Karen F. , Fong Chun Y. , Trubiano Jason A. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe co‐administration of venetoclax, a BCL‐2 inhibitor, with a mould‐active azole, such a posaconazole, has potential to both prevent invasive fungal infection (IFI) and reduce the required treatment dose, and cost, of venetoclax. Posaconazole drug‐level monitoring is critical to ensuring adequate mould prophylaxis. A retrospective audit of 99 patients at a tertiary cancer centre, with myeloid malignancies co‐prescribed venetoclax and posaconazole between January 2018 and April 2022, was undertaken to evaluate the adequacy of posaconazole prescribing and the rate of breakthrough IFI. Seventy‐six patients (77%) had at least one posaconazole level measured in the study period, with 37% requiring a dose adjustment based on steady‐state trough levels. Breakthrough IFI occurred in 4% of patients, typically within 1 month of commencing anti‐mould prophylaxis. Close monitoring of posaconazole levels in venetoclax‐treated patients, particularly in the early, outpatient setting, is critical.
Classification, selfhood, and culture in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual
Authors: Aggarwal Neil Krishan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor decades, social scientists have critiqued the construction of knowledge in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). However, they have not conducted research with an alternate classification from psychoanalytic and psychodynamic practitioners known as the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM), which is beginning to disseminate globally. This article analyzes cultural assumptions underpinning the classification rationale, concept of the self, and relationship between culture and mental disorders through close readings of DSM‐5‐TR (2022) and PDM‐2 (2017). It shows that DSM‐5‐TR's notion of scientific evidence is informed by an emphasis on biological research in psychiatry, which PDM‐2 views as mostly irrelevant to clinical work. Instead, PDM‐2 claims to speak authoritatively for the inner experiences of patients and clinicians in the therapeutic relationship. Both classifications share a concept of an ideal self that is individualistic, consistent across time, able to narrate rather than just feel emotions, and in control of cognition, emotion, and relationships. Whereas DSM‐5‐TR views the culture concept as a lens to interpret the patient–clinician encounter, PDM‐2 uses the culture concept inconsistently. I situate these findings within extant anthropological research and propose new directions to examine how both classifications are used in local contexts.
Himalayan birds that show the greatest elevational shifts remain within the narrowest thermal regimes
Authors: Menon Tarun , Ramesh Vijay , Barve Sahas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimElevational migration is a globally ubiquitous animal behaviour. Understanding the mechanisms that drive variation in elevational movement can help explain the evolution of this widespread animal behaviour and its role in shaping montane life history. We examine the role of thermal regime (the intra‐annual variation in temperature experienced by a species), dispersal ability and diet in explaining the extent of elevational movements.LocationEastern and Western Himalayas.Time Period2011–2022.Major Taxa StudiedBirds.MethodsWe used community science data from eBird to acquire checklist‐based observations of birds and used comprehensive data cleaning procedures and randomization tests to produce estimates of seasonal elevational shifts for 302 species of Himalayan birds. Using these data, we ran phylogenetic least squares regressions (PGLS) to test if the extent of elevational shift is driven by thermal regime, dispersal ability and diet.ResultsMost Himalayan birds (up to 65%) showed downslope shifts in the winter, although some (5%‐10%) low elevation species shifted upslope. Elevational shift was negatively associated with a species' thermal regime. Species that showed the greatest elevational shifts in both eastern and western Himalayas moved within the narrowest intra‐annual temperature regimes, but did not match their breeding range temperatures as closely as possible. Diet influenced elevational shift in both eastern and western Himalayas, while dispersal ability did not drive elevational shifts.Main ConclusionsSpecies that show the biggest elevational shifts track thermal regimes most closely. However, in addition to tracking thermal regimes, diet and potentially habitat availability/preferences may drive seasonal elevational shifts. Our results show convergent evolution of elevational shifts across clades. Low elevation habitats are important not only for conserving low elevation birds but also for conserving wintering sites of most high elevation breeders.
SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine immunogenicity for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Søndergaard Mads Herluf , Thavarajah Jannifer Jasmin , Churchill Henson Henry , Wejse Christian Morberg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious publications on the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) have reported inconsistent results. Additionally, a meta‐analysis investigating the immunogenicity in PLWH after the third SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine dose is lacking. In this article we aim to provide a systematic review and a meta‐analysis studying the immunogenicity of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in PLWH and to identify potential drivers for antibody response in PLWH.MethodsWe used three databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) to conduct our review. Studies with information on numbers of PLWH producing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies or neutralizing antibodies were included.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 59 studies and illustrated a pooled serological response of 87.09% in the 10 343 PLWH after they received a SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. High CD4 T‐cell counts and low viral load indicated that the study populations had HIV that was well treated, despite varying in location. The pooled effect increased to 91.62% for 8053 PLWH when excluding studies that used inactivated vaccines (BBIBP‐CorV and CoronaVac). For the third vaccine dose, the pooled effect was 92.35% for 1974 PLWH. Additionally, weighted linear regression models demonstrated weak relationships between CD4 T‐cell count, percentages of people with undetectable HIV load, and age compared with the percentages of PLWH producing a serological response. However, more research is needed to determine the effect of those factors on SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines show a favourable effect on immunogenicity in PLWH. However, the results are not ideal. This meta‐analysis suggests that a third SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine dose and good HIV treatment procedures are vital to induce a good immunogenicity in PLWH.