bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying predictors of tooth loss using a rule‐based machine learning approach: A retrospective study at university‐setting clinics
Authors: Lee Chun‐Teh , Zhang Kai , Li Wen , Tang Kaichen , Ling Yaobin , Walji Muhammad F. , Jiang Xiaoqian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to identify predictors associated with tooth loss in a large periodontitis patient cohort in the university setting using the machine learning approach.MethodsInformation on periodontitis patients and 18 factors identified at the initial visit was extracted from electronic health records. A two‐step machine learning pipeline was proposed to develop the tooth loss prediction model. The primary outcome is tooth loss count. The prediction model was built on significant factors (single or combination) selected by the RuleFit algorithm, and these factors were further adopted by the count regression model. Model performance was evaluated by root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE). Associations between predictors and tooth loss were also assessed by a classical statistical approach to validate the performance of the machine learning model.ResultsIn total, 7840 patients were included. The machine learning model predicting tooth loss count achieved RMSE of 2.71. Age, smoking, frequency of brushing, frequency of flossing, periodontal diagnosis, bleeding on probing percentage, number of missing teeth at baseline, and tooth mobility were associated with tooth loss in both machine learning and classical statistical models.ConclusionThe two‐step machine learning pipeline is feasible to predict tooth loss in periodontitis patients. Compared to classical statistical methods, this rule‐based machine learning approach improves model explainability. However, the model's generalizability needs to be further validated by external datasets.
Warm root‐zone temperature ensures the mineral concentrations in cucumber plants under elevated [CO2] by improving the migration pathways of mineral elements from the soil to plants
Authors: Li Di , Li Xun , Dong Jinlong , Gruda Nazim S. , Duan Zengqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe mineral nutrient concentrations in plants are usually decreased under elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]), while warm root‐zone temperature (RZT) can improve plant growth and the absorption of mineral nutrients in plants.AimsThe effects of RZT on the growth and mineral nutrient concentrations in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were investigated under different [CO2] levels.MethodsA soil‐cultured pot experiment was carried out on cucumber plants under two [CO2] levels (ambient and elevated) and two RZT levels (cold and warm) in four open‐top chambers.ResultsAlthough elevated [CO2] promoted root growth, it did not counteract the decrease in the concentration of nitrogen ([N]), potassium ([K]), calcium ([Ca]), and magnesium ([Mg]) in cucumber plants due to the decreased mass flow indicated by the decreased transpiration rate (Tr) under cold RZT. In comparison, warm RZT increased the [N], [K], [Ca], and [Mg] in cucumber plants under elevated [CO2], attributed to a higher Tr and better root growth. In addition, the concentration of phosphorus ([P]), iron ([Fe]), manganese ([Mn]), and zinc ([Zn]) in cucumber plants was maintained or increased under elevated [CO2] by the promoted root growth related to interception by warm RZT.ConclusionsUnder elevated [CO2], warm RZT could ensure the [N], [K], [Ca], and [Mg] in cucumber plants mainly by increasing the Tr and improving the root growth. Whereas warm RZT maintained or increased [P], [Fe], [Mn], and [Zn] primarily relied on the improved interception as indicated by the better root growth.
Proteomics‐based milk whey proteome profiling of Indian Jersey crossbreed cows followed by chromosomal mapping
Authors: Singh Manish Kumar , Kumar Arvind , Nimmanapalli Ramadevi , Pandey Anand Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMilk contains a massive class of minor proteins that are known for their various biological and molecular functions. Many whey proteins transfer the host defense mechanism to the human body. In this assay, electrophoresis followed by a high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based proteomic approach has been applied to identify the whey proteome of Indian Jersey crossbreed bovines.RESULTSTwo search engines, MS Amanda and Sequest HT, have shown more than 29 minor proteins. Chromosomal mapping revealed that chromosomes 5 and 9 are expressing maximum proteins in the whey proteome. The principal component analysis, outlier plots, scree plots, score plots, and loading plots were generated to further assess the results.CONCLUSIONThe majorly expressed ones are glycosylation‐dependent cell adhesion molecule‐1, ubiquitin, desmoglein, annexin, glycoprotein, arginase, histones, peroxiredoxin, vimentin, desmin, catenin, peripherin, and 70 kDa heat shock protein. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Outcomes of Cranioplasty Reconstructions: Review of Cranioplasty Implants and Free Flap Coverage Variables that Affect Implant Exposure
Authors: Slijepcevic Allison A , Scott Brian , Lilly Gabriela L , Young Gavin , Taghizadeh Farshid , Li Ryan , Petrisor Daniel , Pipkorn Patrik , Rich Jason , Jackson Ryan , Wax Mark K , Puram Sidharth 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundComplex scalp wounds with cranial/dural involvement are challenging to reconstruct. Successful reconstruction can be achieved with cranial implants/hardware and free flap coverage. Wounds can breakdown and require revision procedures. We addressed reconstructive outcomes of different implants requiring free flaps.ObjectiveTo determine the factors associated with implant exposure.DesignMulti‐institutional retrospective review of 82 patients, 2000–2020, repaired with cranial implants and free flap coverage.ResultsImplant exposure occurred in 13/82 (16%) reconstructions. Flap atrophy or thinning leading to implant exposure occurred in 11/82 (13%) reconstructions, including partial flap atrophy OR 0.05 (95% CI 0.0–0.35) and total flap atrophy OR 0.34 (95% CI 0.02–19.66). Revision surgeries that occurred subsequent to flap reconstruction were also associated with implant exposure (OR 0.02 (95% CI 0.0–0.19)). Implant exposure was not associated with radiation therapy, patient health history, implant type, flap type, or postoperative complications.ConclusionsImplant exposure is associated with free flap atrophy, leading to inadequate implant coverage and the need for revision surgeries. Completing reconstruction with adequate soft tissue bulk and coverage and avoiding revision surgery may decrease the risk for implant exposure over time.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:2954–2958, 2023
m7G‐related genes—NCBP2 and EIF4E3 determine immune contexture in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating CCL4/CCL5 expression
Authors: Xu Xuhui , Zhao Yue , Ying Yukang , Zhu Haoran , Luo Jun , Mou Tingchen , Zhang Zhenxing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAberrant N7‐methylguanosine (m7G) levels closely correlate with tumor genesis and progression. NCBP2 and EIF4E3 are two important m7G‐related cap‐binding genes. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the EIF4E3/NCBP2 function and immunological characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Hierarchical clustering was employed in classifying HNSCC patients into two groups based on the expressions of NCBP2 and EIF4E3. The differentially expressed genes were identified between the two groups, and GO functional enrichment was subsequently performed. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was conducted to identify the hub genes related to EIF4E3/NCBP2 expression and immunity. The differential infiltration of immune cells and the response to immunotherapy were compared between the two groups. Single‐cell sequence and trajectory analyses were performed to predict cell differentiation and display the expression of EIF4E3/NCBP2 in each state. In addition, quantitative real‐time PCR, spatial transcriptome analysis, transwell assay, and western blotting were conducted to verify the biological function of EIF4E3/NCBP2. Here, group A showed a higher EIF4E3 expression and a lower NCBP2 expression, which had higher immune scores, proportion of most immune cells, immune activities, expression of immunomodulatory targets, and a better response to cancer immunotherapy. Besides, 56 hub molecules with notable immune regulation significance were identified. A risk model containing 17 hub genes and a prognostic nomogram was successfully established. Moreover, HNSCC tissues had a lower EIF4E3 expression and a higher NCBP2 expression than normal tissues. NCBP2 and EIF4E3 played a vital role in the differentiation of monocytes. Furthermore, the expression of CCL4/CCL5 can be regulated via EIF4E3 overexpression and NCBP2 knockdown. Collectively, NCBP2 and EIF4E3 can affect downstream gene expression, as well as immune contexture and response to immunotherapy, which could induce “cold‐to‐hot” tumor transformation in HNSCC patients.
Multilingualism for pluralising knowledge and decision making about people and nature relationships
Authors: Droz Laÿna , Brugnach Marcela , Pascual Unai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The need for a pluralistic approach to biodiversity conservation science and policy is increasingly being recognized. We argue that plural perspectives require multilingualism in the sources and processes.

Unless the linguistic bias and the related issues in terms of legitimacy and validity, resistance to inclusion, and knowledge coproduction are meaningfully addressed, biodiversity science and its positive effects for conservation policy and practices will necessarily be limited.

We propose a series of options to address the linguistic biases in biodiversity conservation science and policy, including extending and tightening collaboration with environmental humanities scholars from diverse traditions as well as researchers from diverse linguistic contexts.

We conclude by showing how multilingualism is especially relevant for cross‐scale and global biodiversity governance.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Disparities in care of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with solid tumors: A systematic review
Authors: Roberts Bailey , Cooke‐Barber Jo , Ingram Martha‐Conley , Danko Melissa , Trudeau Maeve , Glick Richard D. , Short Scott S. , Robertson Daniel J. , Raval Mehul V. , Dasgupta Roshni , Rich Barrie S. ,   the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Surgery Delivery of Surgical Care Committee
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have demonstrated a variety of social inequalities within pediatric and young adult patients with solid tumors. This systematic review examines and consolidates the existing literature regarding disparities in pediatric and young adult solid tumor oncology.ProcedureA MeSH search was performed on the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, OvidSP Cochrane, Central, Embase, Cinhal, and Scopus. The systematic review was performed using Rayyan QCRI.ResultsTotal 387 articles were found on the initial search, and 34 articles were included in final review. Twenty‐seven studies addressed racial and ethnic disparities; 23 addressed socioeconomic disparities. Patients with Hispanic ethnicity, Black race, and lower socioeconomic status were more likely to present at later stages, have differences in treatments and higher mortality rates.ConclusionThis qualitative systematic review identified both racial and socioeconomic disparities in pediatric cancer patients across a variety of solid tumor types. Patients with Hispanic ethnicity, Black race, and lower socioeconomic status are associated with disparities in stage at presentation, treatment, and outcome. Characterization of existing disparities provides the evidence necessary to support changes at a systemic level.
Bioinformatic analysis of the SPs and NFTs proteomes unravel putative biomarker candidates for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ferreira Maria J. Cardoso , Soares Martins Tânia , Alves Steven R. , Rosa Ilka Martins , Vogelgsang Jonathan , Hansen Niels , Wiltfang Jens , da Cruz e Silva Odete A. B. , Vitorino Rui , Henriques Ana Gabriela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAging is the main risk factor for the appearance of age‐related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the presence of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the main histopathological hallmarks in AD brains. The core of these deposits are predominantly amyloid fibrils in SPs and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein in NFTs, but other molecular components can be found associated with these pathological lesions. Herein, an extensive literature review was carried out to obtain the SPs and NFTs proteomes, followed by a bioinformatic analysis and further putative biomarker validation. For SPs, 857 proteins were recovered, and, for NFTs, 627 proteins of which 375 occur in both groups and represent the common proteome. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis permitted the identification of biological processes and the molecular functions most associated with these lesions. Analysis of the SPs and NFTs common proteins unraveled pathways and molecular targets linking both histopathological events. Further, validation of a putative phosphotarget arising from the in silico analysis was performed in serum‐derived extracellular vesicles from AD patients. This bioinformatic approach contributed to the identification of putative molecular targets, valuable for AD diagnostic or therapeutic intervention.
Development and validation of a simple prostate cancer risk prediction model based on age, family history, and polygenic risk
Authors: Dite Gillian S. , Spaeth Erika , Murphy Nicholas M. , Allman Richard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate prostate cancer risk assessment will enable identification of men who are at increased risk of the disease. Using the UK Biobank population‐based cohort, we developed and validated a simple model comprising age, family history, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) to predict 5‐year risk of prostate cancer.MethodsEligible participants were unaffected Caucasian men aged 40–69 years at their baseline assessment who had genotyping data available and had completed 6 or more weeks of follow‐up. Family history was the number of affected first‐degree relatives: 0, 1, or 2+. We used 264 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a previously developed 269‐SNP PRS and population standardized the PRS to have a mean of 1. Age was categorized into 10‐year groups: 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69. In a 70% training data set, we used Cox regression with age as the time axis to model family history, PRS, and age group. The model estimates were used with prostate cancer incidences to derive 5‐year risks of prostate cancer. Using 5 years of follow‐up in a 30% testing data set, the model was tested in terms of its association per quintile of risk, discrimination, and calibration.ResultsOf the 198 334 eligible participants, 8996 (4.5%) were diagnosed with incident prostate cancer during follow‐up and had a mean age of 67.9 (SD = 5.8) years at diagnosis. The best‐fitting model included the PRS, family history, 10‐year age group, interactions between age and PRS, and age and family history. In the 30% testing data set with follow‐up limited to 5 years, the hazard ratio per SD of 5‐year risk was 3.058 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.720–3.438) and the Harrell's C‐index was 0.811 (95% CI, 0.800–0.821). Overall, there were 1088 observed and 1159.1 expected prostate cancers, a standardized incidence ratio of 0.939 (95% CI, 0.885–0.996).ConclusionsMen at increased risk of prostate cancer could benefit from informed discussions around the risks and benefits of available options for screening for prostate cancer. Although the model was developed in Caucasian men, it can be used with ethnicity‐specific polygenic risk and incidence rates for other populations.
Vertical divergence profiles as detected by two wind‐profiler mesonets over East China: Implications for nowcasting convective storms
Authors: Guo Xiaoran , Guo Jianping , Zhang Da‐Lin , Yun Yuxing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLow‐level convergence is one of the most important dynamic variables in governing the convection initiation (CI) and development of storms. However, our ability to obtain high‐resolution horizontal divergence profiles remains limited due to the lack of high‐resolution vertical wind observations. In this study, horizontal divergence (and vertical motion) profiles are derived from horizontal winds measured by two radar wind‐profiler (RWP) mesonets in East China, and then used to examine their relationship with CI occurring within a mesonet and an intense squall line moving across another mesonet. Results show that the RWP mesonets together with automated surface observations could provide realistically the lower‐tropospheric profiles of horizontal divergence (and upward motion) associated with the CI in the presence of the urban heat island effects, and lake and sea breezes; and the evolution of the squall line respectively. High‐resolution surface observations resolve better divergence induced by localized CI than the RWP measurements, whereas the latter capture well significant convergence below 4‐km altitude that precedes the onset of squall precipitation. A statistical analysis of the RWP data during the summer months of 2018 indicates that the lower‐tropospheric convergence can be detected up to about 40 min in advance of the occurrence of heavy rainfall, and the correlation is higher when it is closer to the heavy rainfall time. Nearly 40% of heavy rainfall moments (at 6‐min intervals) are accompanied by strong convergence signals occurring mostly near the top of the boundary layer. This work indicates that the RWP and surface wind measurements should be integrated to aid in nowcasting the location and timing of CI and development of convective storms.
Scheme for Measuring Topological Transitions in a Continuous Variable System
Authors: Wang Bi‐Yao , Zhang Hao‐Long , Yang Shou‐Bang , Wu Fan , Yang Zhen‐Biao , Zheng Shi‐Biao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA scheme for measuring topological properties in a two‐photon‐driven Kerr‐nonlinear (KNR) resonator subjected to a single‐photon modulation is proposed. The topological properties are revealed through the observation of the Berry curvature and hence the first Chern number, as a nonadiabatic response of the physical observable to the change rate of the control parameter of the modulated drive. The parameter manifold, constructed from the system's Hamiltonian that determines its dynamics constrained in the state space spanned by the even and odd cat states as two basis states, is adjusted so that the degeneracy crossing the manifold indicates a topological transition. The scheme, with such continuous variable states in mesoscopic systems, provides a new perspective for exploration of the geometry and the related topology with complex systems.
Expected position and attitude adjustment control method of coal mine roadway support robot
Authors: Chen Hongyue , Chen Hongyan , Ma Ying , Xu Yajun , Zhang Desheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes an expected position‐attitude adjustment control method of coal mine roadway support robot (CMRSR) based on a real‐time position‐attitude detection system. Taking advantage of lateral adjustment mechanism and control method, the CMRSR has flexible maneuverability and high dynamic expected position‐attitude adjustment performance. It can guarantee stability and safety of the relative position‐attitude in time‐varying roadway environment in underground coal mines. First, the structural characteristics, hydraulic system characteristics, and kinematic characteristics of the CMRSR are considered, and the spatial mathematical relationship model on position‐attitude parameters and sensor data information, roadway environment dimensions, and CMRSR structural dimensions are established. In addition, the real‐time position‐attitude of the CMRSR with respect to the roadway is recognized by the position‐attitude detection system. Then, according to real‐time roadway environment and relative position‐attitude, the expected position‐attitude parameters are set, and the adjustment parameters and types of each lateral hydraulic cylinder are selected based on different deviated position‐attitude conditions. A position‐attitude adjustment controller is designed based on the sliding mode variable structure control algorithm to achieve precise position‐attitude adjustment of the CMRSR. In addition, the position‐attitude detection system is used to provide feedback control to maintain the relative position‐attitude of the CMRSR. Finally, the practical performance illustrates high effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control method. The average error of distance can be controlled within ±30 mm, the average error of angle can be controlled within ±0.5°, and the adjustment time can be controlled within 20 s.
Human–river relationships depend on human–human relationships: River and watershed organizations in three western US states
Authors: Flint Courtney G. , Holdaway Bailey M. , Rogers Caitlyn S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman–nature relationship concepts are held collectively within society and guide environmentally oriented actions. This article explores the roles played by environmental organizations, particularly those focused on rivers and watersheds, in catalyzing interaction and action driven by human–river relationship goals. Interviews were conducted with representatives from 64 river and watershed organizations in Montana, Utah, and Wyoming in 2022. Organizational representatives were asked about mission focus areas, human–river relationships, the knowledge they draw upon to guide their efforts, and factors and obstacles that enable and constrain their progress and success. These qualitative data reveal a strong orientation toward steward and partner types of human–nature relationship concepts; however, there are discrepancies in conceptual interpretations. For river and watershed organizations in the US Intermountain West, human–river relationship goals depend strongly on human–human relationships in the form of diverse knowledge integration, collaboration, partnerships, trust, and communication in order to achieve their river‐related goals.