bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wigner time delay in atomic photoionization
Authors: Kheifets Anatoli S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For over a century since the Nobel prize winning work by Einstein (1905 Ann. Phys.
17 132), atomic photoionization was thought to be an instantaneous process. Recent experimental advances in ultrashort laser pulse generation has allowed to resolve this process in time. The concept of time delay introduced by Wigner (1955 Phys. Rev.
98 145–7) in particle scattering appears to be central to the time resolution of photoionization. In this review, we examine the fundamental concepts of time-resolved atomic ionization processes. We will follow the recent literature and show how the initial disagreements between theory and experiment, which persisted for nearly a decade, were finally reconciled. We will also outline the exciting prospects of this field driven by modern experimental and computational technologies.
Robust two-state swap by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
Authors: Genov Genko T , Rochester Simon , Auzinsh Marcis , Jelezko Fedor , Budker Dmitry 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Efficient initialization and manipulation of quantum states is important for numerous applications and it usually requires the ability to perform high fidelity and robust swapping of the populations of quantum states. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has been known to perform efficient and robust inversion of the ground states populations of a three-level system. However, its performance is sensitive to the initial state of the system. In this contribution we demonstrate that a slight modification of STIRAP, where we introduce a non-zero single-photon detuning, allows for efficient and robust population swapping for any initial state. The results of our work could be useful for efficient and robust state preparation, dynamical decoupling and design of quantum gates in ground state qubits via two-photon interactions.
MINAS TIRITH: a new tool for simulating radiation-induced DNA damage at the cell population level
Authors: Thibaut Y , Gonon G , Martinez J S , Petit M , Vaurijoux A , Gruel G , Villagrasa C , Incerti S , Perrot Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. The mechanisms of radiation-induced DNA damage can be understood via the fundamental acquisition of knowledge through a combination of experiments and modeling. Currently, most biological experiments are performed by irradiating an entire cell population, whereas modeling of radiation-induced effects is usually performed via Monte Carlo simulations with track structure codes coupled to realistic DNA geometries of a single-cell nucleus. However, the difference in scale between the two methods hinders a direct comparison because the dose distribution in the cell population is not necessarily uniform owing to the stochastic nature of the energy deposition. Thus, this study proposed the MINAS TIRITH tool to model the distribution of radiation-induced DNA damage in a cell population. Approach. The proposed method is based on precomputed databases of microdosimetric parameters and DNA damage distributions generated using the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo Toolkit. First, a specific energy

z

was assigned to each cell of an irradiated population for a particular absorbed dose

D
abs

,

following microdosimetric formalism. Then, each cell was assigned a realistic number of DNA damage events according to the specific energy

z
,

respecting the stochastic character of its occurrence. Main results. This study validated the MINAS TIRITH tool by comparing its results with those obtained using the Geant4-DNA track structure code and a Geant4-DNA based simulation chain for DNA damage calculation. The different elements of comparison indicated consistency between MINAS TIRITH and the Monte Carlo simulation in case of the dose distribution in the population and the calculation of the amount of DNA damage. Significance. MINAS TIRITH is a new approach for the calculation of radiation-induced DNA damage at the cell population level that facilitates reasonable simulation times compared to those obtained with track structure codes. Moreover, this tool enables a more direct comparison between modeling and biological experimentation.
SDA-UNet: a hepatic vein segmentation network based on the spatial distribution and density awareness of blood vessels
Authors: Tong Guoyu , Jiang Huiyan , Yao Yu-Dong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Hepatic vein segmentation is a fundamental task for liver diagnosis and surgical navigation planning. Unlike other organs, the liver is the only organ with two sets of venous systems. Meanwhile, the segmentation target distribution in the hepatic vein scene is extremely unbalanced. The hepatic veins occupy a small area in abdominal CT slices. The morphology of each person’s hepatic vein is different, which also makes segmentation difficult. The purpose of this study is to develop an automated hepatic vein segmentation model that guides clinical diagnosis. Approach. We introduce the 3D spatial distribution and density awareness (SDA) of hepatic veins and propose an automatic segmentation network based on 3D U-Net which includes a multi-axial squeeze and excitation module (MASE) and a distribution correction module (DCM). The MASE restrict the activation area to the area with hepatic veins. The DCM improves the awareness of the sparse spatial distribution of the hepatic veins. To obtain global axial information and spatial information at the same time, we study the effect of different training strategies on hepatic vein segmentation. Our method was evaluated by a public dataset and a private dataset. The Dice coefficient achieves 71.37% and 69.58%, improving 3.60% and 3.30% compared to the other SOTA models, respectively. Furthermore, metrics based on distance and volume also show the superiority of our method. Significance. The proposed method greatly reduced false positive areas and improved the segmentation performance of the hepatic vein in CT images. It will assist doctors in making accurate diagnoses and surgical navigation planning.
Optimization of tin-based inverted perovskite solar cell with MoS2 interlayer by one-dimensional simulation
Authors: Luo Wei , Xu Jianxiang , Liu Siyuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received extensive attention due to their excellent performances, but most of the absorber layers of such solar cells contain the toxic lead element. Replacing lead with environmentally friendly elements is one of the most essential tasks in the PSCs research field. Tin-based PSCs have emerged owing to their excellent light absorption characteristics. In this work, an Sn-based PSCs inverted structure with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the interfacial layer is proposed, and the performance is studied by the numerical simulation program SCAPS-1D. The influence of the main parameters of the MoS2 layer and absorber layer and the interfacial defect state on the solar cell performance parameters is studied. This study shows that the 20 nm MoS2 layer can improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) by up to 20%. The optimized results from the structure give a PCE of 18.13%, which is comparable to popular solar cells. This work provides a new idea for developing PSCs with a combination of the inorganic hole transport layer and molybdenum disulfide in the future.
APC Nb3Sn superconductors based on internal oxidation of Nb–Ta–Hf alloys
Authors: Xu X , Peng X , Wan F , Rochester J , Bradford G , Jaroszynski J , Sumption M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the last few years, a new type of Nb3Sn superconducting composite, containing a high density of artificial pinning centers (APC) generated via an internal oxidation approach, has demonstrated a significantly superior performance relative to present, state-of-the-art commercial Nb3Sn conductors. This was achieved via the internal oxidation of Nb-4at.%Ta-1at.%Zr alloy. On the other hand, our recent studies have shown that internal oxidation of Nb–Ta–Hf alloys can also lead to dramatic improvements in Nb3Sn performance. In this work we follow up on this latter approach, fabricating a 61-stack APC wire based on the internal oxidation of Nb-4at.%Ta-1at.%Hf alloy, and compare its critical current density (J
c) and irreversibility field with APC wires made using Nb-4at.%Ta-1at.%Zr. A second goal of this work was to improve the filamentary design of APC wires in order to improve their wire quality and electromagnetic stability. Our new modifications have led to significantly improved residual resistivity ratio and stability in the conductors, while still keeping non-Cu J
c at or above the conductor J
c specification required by the proposed Future Circular Collider. Further improvement via optimization of the wire recipe and design is ongoing. Finally, additional work needed to make APC conductors ready for applications in magnets is discussed.
Measuring ionization time lag of polar molecules with a calibrated attoclock
Authors: Che Jiayin , Chen Chao , Wang Shang , Xin Guoguo , Chen Yanjun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Electrons in atoms and molecules can not respond immediately to the action of intense laser field. There is a time lag (about 100 attoseconds) between instants of the field maximum and the ionization-rate maximum. This lag characterizes the response time of the electronic wave function to a strong-field ionization event and has important effects on dynamics of the ionized electron. For polar molecules with a large permanent dipole, the direct measurement or calculation of the absolute time lag is difficult. Here, a calibrated attoclock procedure, which is related to a simple Coulomb-induced temporal correction to electron trajectories, is proposed to measure the relative time lag of two different ionization events. Using this procedure, the relative lag of polar molecules in two consecutive half laser cycles can be probed with high time resolution.
Non-analyticity in holographic complexity near critical points
Authors: Sood Uday , Kruczenski Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The region near a critical point is studied using holographic models of second-order phase transitions. In a previous paper, we argued that the quantum circuit complexity of the vacuum (C
0) is the largest at the critical point. When deforming away from the critical point by a term

the complexity

C
(
τ
)

has a piece non-analytic in τ, namely

C
0

−
C
(
τ
)
∼

|

τ
−

τ
c

|

ν
(
d
−
1
)

+

a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c

. Here, as usual,

ν
=

1

d
−
Δ

and ξ is the correlation length

ξ
∼

|

τ
−

τ
c

|

−
ν

and there are possible logarithmic corrections to this expression. That was derived using numerical results for the Bose–Hubbard model and general scaling considerations. In this paper, we show that the same is valid in the case of holographic complexity providing evidence that the results are universal, and at the same time providing evidence for holographic computations of complexity.
Investigation on Mechanical characterization of abutilon indicum fiber nonwoven fabric reinforced epoxy composite materials
Authors: Mohanraj C M , Ramesh Kumar R , Mathanbabu M , Ashokkumar M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Natural fibres find their way into many engineering applications in the automobile and aerospace sectors owing to their eco-friendly nature. Natural fiber produced from agricultural residue, is capable of enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials while lowering their overall cost. The main aim of the current study is to investigate such natural fiber, nonwoven fabric reinforced composites. In this work, samples reinforced by non-woven Abutilon indicum (AI) fibre are manufactured with varying fibre weight percentages, such as 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, using the hand layup method and needle-punching process to make the fabric and composite. Mechanical tests such as tensile, flexural, and compressive tests were using a universal testing machine, and impact tests were performed using an izod impact tester, in addition to morphological and thermal studies were performed on the above composites and their respect compositions. The effect of the fibres on FTIR and TGA was also investigated. In order to understand the bonding behaviors and the fractured composite specimens were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The findings revealed that the highest values of tensile and flexural strength were observed to be 39.796 MPa and 62.329 MPa at 35 wt% fibre and maximum impact strength and compressive strength were 0.441 joules and 47.45 Mpa at 35 wt% fibre.
Differentiable physics-enabled closure modeling for Burgers’ turbulence
Authors: Shankar Varun , Puri Vedant , Balakrishnan Ramesh , Maulik Romit , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Data-driven turbulence modeling is experiencing a surge in interest following algorithmic and hardware developments in the data sciences. We discuss an approach using the differentiable physics paradigm that combines known physics with machine learning to develop closure models for Burgers’ turbulence. We consider the one-dimensional Burgers system as a prototypical test problem for modeling the unresolved terms in advection-dominated turbulence problems. We train a series of models that incorporate varying degrees of physical assumptions on an a posteriori loss function to test the efficacy of models across a range of system parameters, including viscosity, time, and grid resolution. We find that constraining models with inductive biases in the form of partial differential equations that contain known physics or existing closure approaches produces highly data-efficient, accurate, and generalizable models, outperforming state-of-the-art baselines. Addition of structure in the form of physics information also brings a level of interpretability to the models, potentially offering a stepping stone to the future of closure modeling.
Use of Clinical Decision Support to Improve the Laboratory Evaluation of Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Pearson Daniel S , McEvoy Dustin S , Murali Mandakolathur R , Dighe Anand S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThere is considerable variation in ordering practices for the initial laboratory evaluation of monoclonal gammopathies (MGs) despite clear society guidelines to include serum free light chain (sFLC) testing. We assessed the ability of a clinical decision support (CDS) alert to improve guideline compliance and analyzed its clinical impact.MethodsWe designed and deployed a targeted CDS alert to educate and prompt providers to order an sFLC assay when ordering serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) testing.ResultsThe alert was highly effective at increasing the co-ordering of SPEP and sFLC testing. Preimplementation, 62.8% of all SPEP evaluations included sFLC testing, while nearly 90% of evaluations included an sFLC assay postimplementation. In patients with no prior sFLC testing, analysis of sFLC orders prompted by the alert led to the determination that 28.9% (800/2,769) of these patients had an abnormal κ/λ ratio. In 452 of these patients, the sFLC assay provided the only laboratory evidence of a monoclonal protein. Moreover, within this population, there were numerous instances of new diagnoses of multiple myeloma and other MGs.ConclusionsThe CDS alert increased compliance with society guidelines and improved the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected MGs.
Comparative epigenome analysis using Infinium DNA methylation BeadChips
Authors: Ding Wubin , Kaur Diljeet , Horvath Steve , Zhou Wanding 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The arrival of the Infinium DNA methylation BeadChips for mice and other nonhuman mammalian species has outpaced the development of the informatics that supports their use for epigenetics study in model organisms. Here, we present informatics infrastructure and methods to allow easy DNA methylation analysis on multiple species, including domesticated animals and inbred laboratory mice (in SeSAMe version 1.16.0+). First, we developed a data-driven analysis pipeline covering species inference, genome-specific data preprocessing and regression modeling. We targeted genomes of 310 species and 37 inbred mouse strains and showed that genome-specific preprocessing prevents artifacts and yields more accurate measurements than generic pipelines. Second, we uncovered the dynamics of the epigenome evolution in different genomic territories and tissue types through comparative analysis. We identified a catalog of inbred mouse strain-specific methylation differences, some of which are linked to the strains’ immune, metabolic and neurological phenotypes. By streamlining DNA methylation array analysis for undesigned genomes, our methods extend epigenome research to broad species contexts.
Transcriptomic response and immunological responses to chimpanzee adenovirus- and MVA viral-vectored vaccines for RSV in healthy adults
Authors: Green C , McGinley J , Sande C , Capone S , Makvandi-Nejad S , Vitelli A , Silva-Reyes L , Bibi S , Otasowie C , Sheerin D , Thompson A , Dold C , Klenerman P , Barnes E , Dorrell L , Rollier C , Pollard A , O’Connor D 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCohorts of healthy younger adults (18–50yrs) and healthy older adults (60–75yrs) were immunized intramuscularly or intranasally with an adenovirus-vectored RSV vaccine (PanAd3-RSV) as a prime dose and boosted with PanAd3-RSV or a poxvirus-vectored vaccine (MVA-RSV) encoding the same insert. Whole blood gene expression was measured at baseline, 3- and 7-days post vaccination. Intramuscular prime vaccination with PanAd3-RSV induced differential expression of 643 genes (DEGs, FDR &lt; 0.05). Intranasal prime vaccination with PanAd3-RSV did not induce any differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in blood samples at 3 days post vaccination. Intranasally primed participants showed greater numbers of DEGS on boosting than intramuscularly primed participants. The most highly enriched biological processes related to DEGs after both prime and boost vaccination were type-1 interferon related pathways, lymphocytic and humoral immune responses.
Expeditive Chromatographic Methods for Quantification of Solifenacin Succinate along with its Official Impurity as the Possible Acid Degradation Product
Authors: Eissa Maya S , Kamel Ebraam B , Hegazy Maha A , Fayed Ahmed S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Two selective stability-indicating procedures were adopted for the quantification of Solifenacin succinate (SOL) along with its acid degradant, in its powder form or in pharmaceutical tablet. Under stress conditions, the acid degradation pathway of SOL was investigated, its official impurity (SOL imp-A) was obtained as the possible acid degradation product, also. A densitometric technique based on the separation of SOL from SOL imp-A employing HPTLC plates prelaminated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and a developing solution containing methanol:chloroform:ammonia (8:1:1, v/v/v) and UV scanning of the developed bands at 220 nm. Linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot of SOL showed perfect linear relationships throughout the range of concentration 10–60 μg/band. A reversed phase C18 analytical column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) was also used to separate the mixture at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, using acetonitrile:0.05 M phosphate buffer (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase and phosphoric acid to set pH = 3.5. Quantification was obtained at 220 nm using peak area and linear calibration curve across a concentration range of 10–70 μg/mL. The recommended procedures were applied to the existing dosage form, and they generated satisfactory results.
Treatment With Adalimumab 80 mg Every Other Week in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results of Treatment Intensification in Clinical Practice
Authors: Calvo Moya Marta , González Lama Yago , Ruíz Antorán Belén , Omella Usieto Ignacio , el Hajra Martinez Ismael , Santos Pérez Elena , Menchén Viso Belén , Matallana Royo Virginia , González Partida Irene , de Lucas Tellez de Meneses Rocío , Bella Castillo Pablo , González Rodriguez Macarena , Vera Mendoza María Isabel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is frequent and, in case of low drug levels, treatment intensification is recommended. In addition, in cases in which clinical response without attainment of remission (clinical, endoscopic, or radiological), intensification could be justified since higher drug levels are associated with better outcomes. For adalimumab (ADA), the standard intensification regimen is 40 mg every week (ew). Availability of ADA 80 mg prefilled pens has enabled every other week (eow) intensification. We assessed the clinical efficacy of intensification with ADA 80 mg eow.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Spain. Patients with IBD receiving maintenance ADA 80 mg eow with clinical, biomarker, and drug-level assessments were included. Demographics and clinical, biological, and endoscopic evaluation of the disease before and after ADA intensification, and pharmacokinetic assessments, were collected.

Results
Eighty-seven patients (72 Crohn’s disease, 15 ulcerative colitis; average age 50 years) were included. Reasons for ADA intensification were: low ADA levels—&lt;5 µg mL−1—(17%), low ADA levels—&lt;5 µg mL−1—without clinical response (63%), clinical response without clinical remission (15%) and active disease on objective evaluation (including colonoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, capsule endoscopy, and/or intestinal ultrasound; 5%). Following treatment intensification to ADA 80 mg eow, 75 patients (86%) were in clinical remission and 69 (79.3%) were in biologic remission (clinical remission and normalization of biomarkers). After a median follow-up of 19 months (interquartile range 13–25), 63 patients (72%) remained on treatment and in clinical remission. There were no serious infections, hospitalizations, or deaths. Drug costs did not increase with the 80 mg eow regimen versus a standard intensification regimen.

Conclusions
ADA intensification to 80 mg eow was safe, effective, and did not increase drug costs versus standard intensification to 40 mg ew in our experience.
Caregiving to Older Adults With a Physical Limitation: Evidence From the Mexican Health and Aging Study
Authors: Díaz-Venegas Carlos , Samper-Ternent Rafael , Wong Rebeca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMany older adults face physical limitations to performing activities of daily life (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily life (IADLs) and seek help performing them. In Mexico, family caregivers, especially spouses and adult children, traditionally take care of older adults. However, a detailed characterization of the care received has not been thoroughly provided. We sought to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related differences in receiving help among older adults reporting physical limitations.Research Design and MethodsUsing the 2012 wave of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, we provided information on adults aged 60 and older who reported one or more physical limitations and whether they received help or not. We estimated 2 logistic regression models to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) of receiving help among individuals with an ADL limitation and those with an IADL limitation.ResultsAdults with ADL limitations received, on average, approximately 10.7 hr of assistance per day, whereas those with at least 1 IADL limitation received around 7.7 hr of help per day. Women were more likely to receive help with ADLs than men (OR = 2.35). Individuals with chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis also received more help with both ADLs and IADLs.Discussion and ImplicationsOur work suggests that help received does respond to the care needs of older adults, but future research should focus on the burden of care for caregivers and expand this analysis using a longitudinal data approach.