bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laplace Eigenfunctions on Riemannian Symmetric Spaces and Borel–Weil Theorem
Authors: Grantcharov Dimitar , Grantcharov Gueo , Montoya Camilo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We identify a geometric relation between the Laplace–Beltrami spectra and eigenfunctions on compact Riemannian symmetric spaces and the Borel–Weil theory using ideas from symplectic geometry and geometric quantization. This is done by associating with each compact Riemannian symmetric space, via Marsden–Weinstein reduction, a generalized flag manifold that covers the space parametrizing all of its maximal totally geodesic tori. In the process, we notice a direct relation between the Satake diagram of the symmetric space and the painted Dynkin diagram of its associated flag manifold. We consider in detail the examples of the classical simply connected spaces of rank one and the space $SU(3)/SO(3)$. In the 2nd part of the paper, with the aid of harmonic polynomials, we induce Laplace–Beltrami eigenfunctions on the symmetric space from holomorphic sections of the associated line bundle on the generalized flag manifold. In the examples we consider, we show that our construction provides all of the eigenfunctions.
The Defenders of the Alveolus Succumb in COVID-19 Pneumonia to SARS-CoV-2 and Necroptosis, Pyroptosis, and PANoptosis
Authors: Schifanella Luca , Anderson Jodi , Wieking Garritt , Southern Peter J , Antinori Spinello , Galli Massimo , Corbellino Mario , Lai Alessia , Klatt Nichole , Schacker Timothy W , Haase Ashley T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) pneumocytes as defenders of the alveolus are critical to repairing lung injury. We investigated the ATII reparative response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, because the initial proliferation of ATII cells in this reparative process should provide large numbers of target cells to amplify severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus production and cytopathological effects to compromise lung repair. We show that both infected and uninfected ATII cells succumb to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-induced necroptosis, Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK)-induced pyroptosis, and a new PANoptotic hybrid form of inflammatory cell death mediated by a PANoptosomal latticework that generates distinctive COVID-19 pathologies in contiguous ATII cells. Identifying TNF and BTK as the initiators of programmed cell death and SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects provides a rationale for early antiviral treatment combined with inhibitors of TNF and BTK to preserve ATII cell populations, reduce programmed cell death and associated hyperinflammation, and restore functioning alveoli in COVID-19 pneumonia.
Population pharmacokinetics of unbound and total dolutegravir concentrations in children aged 12 years and older: a PK substudy of the SMILE trial
Authors: Abdalla Seef , Compagnucci Alexandra , Zheng Yi , Tréluyer Jean-Marc , Saidi Yacine , Ramos José T , Coelho Alexandra , Riault Yoann , Cressey Tim R , Hirt Déborah ,   the SMILE study group, Bologna R , Reliquet V , Elenga N , Pavia-Ruz N , Marques L , Candeias MF , Violari A , Cotton M , Rojo Conejo P , Mellado Peña MJ , Fortuny Guasch C , Navarro Gómez M , Muñoz Fernandez MA , Martin S , Ramos Amador JT , Kalhert C , Paioni P , Duppenthaler A , Ngampiyaskul C , Chanto N , Ounchanum P , Kanjanavanit S , Srirompotong U , Srirojana S , Amuge P , Musiime V , Raus I , Kenny J , Vergnano S , Nayagam D , Welch S 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSMILE, a multicentre randomized trial, compared the efficacy and safety of switching virologically suppressed children and adolescents with HIV to a once-daily dual regimen of dolutegravir plus ritonavir-boosted darunavir versus continuing standard ART. Within a nested pharmacokinetic (PK) substudy, we performed a population PK analysis to describe total and unbound dolutegravir plasma concentrations in children and adolescents receiving this dual therapy.MethodsSparse blood samples were obtained during follow-up for dolutegravir quantification. A population PK model was developed to simultaneously describe total and unbound dolutegravir concentrations. Simulations were performed and were compared with the protein-adjusted 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) and the in vitro IC50, respectively. Dolutegravir exposures in children aged ≥12 years were also compared with values in treatment-experienced adults.ResultsFour hundred and fifty-five samples from 153 participants aged between 12 and 18 years were collected for this PK analysis. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination best described unbound dolutegravir concentrations. The relationship between unbound and total dolutegravir concentrations was best characterized by a non-linear model. Unbound dolutegravir apparent clearance was significantly influenced by total bilirubin concentrations and by Asian ethnicity. All children and adolescents had trough concentrations well above the protein-adjusted IC90 and the in vitro IC50 values. Dolutegravir concentrations and exposures were also similar to those obtained in adults receiving dolutegravir 50 mg once daily.ConclusionsA once-daily 50 mg dolutegravir dose for children and adolescents produces adequate total and unbound concentrations when used as part of dual therapy with ritonavir-boosted darunavir.
Racism and Electronic Health Records (EHRs): Perspectives for research and practice
Authors: Emani Srinivas , Rodriguez Jorge A , Bates David W 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Informatics researchers and practitioners have started exploring racism related to the implementation and use of electronic health records (EHRs). While this work has begun to expose structural racism which is a fundamental driver of racial and ethnic disparities, there is a lack of inclusion of concepts of racism in this work. This perspective provides a classification of racism at 3 levels—individual, organizational, and structural—and offers recommendations for future research, practice, and policy. Our recommendations include the need to capture and use structural measures of social determinants of health to address structural racism, intersectionality as a theoretical framework for research, structural competency training, research on the role of prejudice and stereotyping in stigmatizing documentation in EHRs, and actions to increase the diversity of private sector informatics workforce and participation of minority scholars in specialty groups. Informaticians have an ethical and moral obligation to address racism, and private and public sector organizations have a transformative role in addressing equity and racism associated with EHR implementation and use.
The Global Health Informatics landscape and JAMIA
Authors: Fraser Hamish S F , Zahiri Keyana , Kim Nicole , Kim Chloe , Craig Sansanee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal Health Informatics (GHI) as a branch of health informatics has been established for 2 decades now. During that time, great strides have been made in the creation and implementation of informatics tools to improve healthcare delivery and outcomes in the most vulnerable and remote communities worldwide. In many of the most successful projects, innovation has been shared between teams in high- and low- or middle-income countries (LMICs). In this perspective, we review the state of the academic field of GHI and the work published in JAMIA in the last 6 1/2 years. We apply criteria for articles about LMICs, those on international health, and on indigenous and refugee population, and subtypes of research. For comparison, we apply those criteria to JAMIA Open and 3 other health informatics journals which publish articles on GHI. We make recommendations for future directions and the role that journals like JAMIA can play in strengthening this work worldwide.
Role and Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction After Severe Burns
Authors: Li Zhisheng , Liu Xinzhu , Zhang Kun , Zhao Hongqing , Luo Peng , Li Dawei , Liu Zhaoxing , Yuan Huageng , Zhang Bohan , Xie Xiaoye , Shen Chuan’an 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study attempted to investigate the role and mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the islet dysfunction in mice after severe burns. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the sham group, burn group, and burn+4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) group. Mice were burned with full thickness of 30% total surface area (TBSA), and 4-PBA solution was intraperitoneally injected into mice in burn+4-PBA group. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance were detected 24 hours post severe burns. The ER stress-related pathway markers immunoglobulin binding protein (BIP), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), phosphorylation-PKR-like ER kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylation-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), CHOP, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), apoptosis-related protein Cleaved-Caspase 3, and islet cell apoptosis were measured. Mice were characterized with elevated FBG, decreased glucose tolerance and GSIS levels post severe burns. The expression of BIP, XBP1, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, ATF6, Cleaved-Caspase 3, and islet cell apoptosis were increased significantly after severe burns. 4-PBA treatment contributed to decreased FBG, improved glucose tolerance, increased GSIS, inhibited islet ER stress, and reduced pancreatic islet cell apoptosis in mice post severe burns. ER stress occurs in islets of severely burned mice, which leads to increased apoptosis of islet cells, thus resulting in islet dysfunction.
Molecular Breast Imaging in the Screening Setting
Authors: Smith Katherine A , Hunt Katie N , Rauch Gaiane M , Fowler Amy M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Early detection of breast cancer through screening mammography saves lives. However, the sensitivity of mammography for breast cancer detection is reduced in women with dense breast tissue. Imaging modalities for supplemental breast cancer screening include MRI, whole breast US, contrast-enhanced mammography, and molecular breast imaging (MBI). Molecular breast imaging with 99mTc-sestamibi is a functional imaging test to identify metabolically active areas in the breast with positioning analogous to mammography. Since 2011, there have been six large, published studies of screening MBI as a supplement to mammography involving over 6000 women from four different institutions. A multicenter, prospective clinical trial of 3000 women comparing breast cancer detection using screening digital breast tomosynthesis alone or in combination with MBI recently completed enrollment. This review focuses on the current evidence of MBI use for supplemental breast cancer screening, the strengths and limitations of MBI, and recent technological advances.
Few-shot link prediction with meta-learning for temporal knowledge graphs
Authors: Zhu Lin , Xing Yizong , Bai Luyi , Chen Xiwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the deepening of the research on knowledge graph embedding, temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs), which are dynamic changes over time, have gradually gained the attention of researchers. Although some TKG-embedding models have been proposed, they did not perform well for certain relationships with insufficient samples, since they all require tremendous training samples. Thus, few-shot link prediction tasks, namely predicting new relation-specific quadruples by observing only a few samples, are still very challenging. In this paper, a method named meta-reasoning for TKGs (MetaRT) is proposed to solve this universal but challenging problem. MetaRT works by extracting the meta-information of a specific relation and updating it quickly, so that the model can learn the most critical information in TKG swiftly and independently. In the meantime, temporal information can be managed well by a TKG learner. Finally, through a large number of experiments, it shows that MetaRT outperforms other existing TKG-embedding models on the problem of few-shot learning.
Opposition-based learning boosted orca predation algorithm with dimension learning: a case study of multi-degree reduction for NURBS curves
Authors: Hu Gang , Jing Wenlong , Wei Guo , Abbas Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe approximate degree reduction of ball non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) curves is a pivotal and knotty technique in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture. As we all know, the multi-degree reduction of NURBS ones is a mathematical optimization problem that a swarm intelligence algorithm can deal with. This paper uses an improved orca predation algorithm (IOPA) to accomplish the optimal multi-degree reduction of NURBS curves. Firstly, by incorporating a dimension learning strategy and opposition-based learning strategy into the orca predation algorithm (OPA), an IOPA is developed to increase the population diversity and enhance its capability of jumping out of the local minima. Secondly, the superiority of the proposed IOPA is comprehensively verified by comparing it with the original OPA and numerous celebrated and newly developed algorithms on the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2014 test suite and IEEE CEC2017 benchmark functions, respectively. Meanwhile, the practicability of IOPA is also highlighted by solving three real-world engineering design problems. Furthermore, statistical testing of IOPA has been conducted to validate its significance. Finally, the optimization model of multi-degree reduction for NURBS curves is established by minimizing the distance between the original curve and the approximate curve. The IOPA is utilized to solve the optimization model, and the optimal approximate NURBS curves are obtained. Some representative numerical examples illustrate the ability of the proposed IOPA to effectively solve the multi-degree reduction problem of NURBS curves in terms of precision, robustness, and convergence characteristics.
Hierarchical reinforcement learning from competitive self-play for dual-aircraft formation air combat
Authors: Kong Wei-ren , Zhou De-yun , Zhou Ying , Zhao Yi-yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe recent development of technology helps in the revolutionary war and it controls the war which is influenced by brilliant planning. The maneuver aircraft of intelligent algorithm aids the pilot to decide the particular position on the battlefield. Nowadays the hardware components of radar and missiles are widely used and the beyond visual range is the most popular method applied in air combat. The introduction of close-range air combat maneuver decisions generates the attention of researchers in artificial intelligence. Most of the existing methods are based on autonomous aircraft focused in air combat scenario but manual air combats are widely applied in dual aircraft. Based on the factors mentioned above, a novel hierarchical maneuver decision architecture is applied to a dual-aircraft close-range air combat scenario. Subsequently, the soft actor-critic algorithm is merged with competitive self-play which integrates the knowledge of sub-strategies. Further, the reinforcement learning technique is employed to achieve an approximate Nash equilibrium master strategy. The experimental results show that the hierarchical architecture exhibits good performance, symmetry, and robustness. The research generates a solution for intelligent formation of air combat in the future and guidance for manned or unmanned aircraft cooperative combat.
In Between Breaths: Memories, Stories, and Otherwise Design Histories
Authors: Cheang Sarah , Irani Katie , Rezende Livia , Suterwalla Shehnaz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Decolonial approaches foreground the necessity for design historians to rethink their methodologies and terms of debate to recognize the impact of colonial legacies. Only then is it possible to make changes toward social and cognitive justice. This piece explores new models for working collectively with history and memory across oral registers to include the colloquial and moments of pause, of taking breath.
In mid-2020, four design historians teamed up to develop experimental, multimedia methods of working to explore new critical design histories. By using “otherwise” methods to look, listen, and read closely, this piece foregrounds the making of space for new interpretations of thinking and writing. The tensions between memories, stories, and histories are interpreted and challenged using concepts such as breath, voice, palimpsest, circle and rhythm. Exploring translation, opacity, embodiment, positionality, and nonlinearity emerged as crucial to questioning the terms under which design history can be transformed.
U-net-based pseudoseismic imaging for the short-offset transient electromagnetic method
Authors: Zhao Yang , Wu Xin , Chen Weiying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShort-offset transient electromagnetic (SOTEM) is an innovation of the artificial-source electromagnetic method, and detection is conducted in the near-source area using an electromagnetic formation wave so that the signal has strong strength and large bandwidth. Inspired by the parallelism of the propagation of seismic body waves and EM formation waves, this paper intends to implement pseudoseismic imaging (PSI) on SOTEM data to give play to the high resolution of SOTEM. Traditionally, to perform the wave-field transform (WFT), a set of ill-posed linear equations needs to be solved and the solving process has strong ambiguity and instability. This paper presents a new method for performing WFT based on U-Net, and a nonlinear mapping from the EM diffusion field to the pseudoseismic wave field under the same velocity model is established by training the network. To eliminate the error that might result when the time‒depth transform is conducted for the wave-field record, another U-Net is used to transform the wave-field record into a depth-offset profile to accomplish the whole PSI process for SOTEM. Simulation and measured data are used to validate the effect of the networks, and the results indicate that this approach is highly feasible, thus providing a new strategy for using SOTEM to detect sedimentary strata.
From Stosch through Carafa to Hamilton and the British Museum
Authors: Gołyźniak Paweł 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article discusses several rare Egyptian scarabs and Near Eastern cylinder seals, together with their visual documentation in the form of drawings made for Philipp von Stosch (1691–1757) in the 1720s and 1730s. These records have proved important in research on the provenance of the original objects, which entered the British Museum in 1772 from the cabinet of incised gems belonging to Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803). They also demonstrate that, in his collecting and studies of glyptic art, Stosch not only focused on Graeco-Roman gems but tried to cover all aspects of glyptics, despite the limited availability of some varieties. The drawings deliver proof of the claim that he regarded Egyptian scarabs and Near Eastern cylinder seals as the most ancient glyptic products and began work on the chronological systematization of engraved gems well before Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768) presented his vision of the development of ancient art.
Interpolations in the Mahābhārata: The Attempted Disrobing Episode
Authors: Jategaonkar Arun Vinayak , Jategaonkar Vasanti Arun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present paper is about originality and contents of a well-known episode in the Mahābhārata: The episode in the aftermath of the first dicing contest from the Sabhāparvan in which Duḥśāsana, ordered by Karṇa, attempts to disrobe Draupadī in the Kuru Sabhā. The paper shows that the episode in question is not only interpolated in the text of the Mahābhārata relatively recently; it was interpolated in two separate steps. The first step was the interpolation of the version in which, as Duḥśāsana started to disrobe Draupadī, a miracle took place and Duḥśāsana, try as he might, was unable to disrobe her; the second step was the interpolation of Draupadī’s prayer and Kr̥ṣṇa’s intervention from the popular version of that episode as the source of that miracle. The paper also shows that the Critical Edition of the Mahābhārata contains much more data supporting the preceding conclusions than has been hitherto recognised. The paper explores the implications of these findings for the basic rules used by the editors of the critical edition of the Mahābhārata to construct its critically reconstituted text.
Blockchain and its Applications: A Conceptual Legal Primer
Authors: Buckley Ross P , Didenko Anton N , Trzecinski Mia 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Blockchain is a potent buzzword and a potentially transformative technology. Diverse businesses are looking to leverage this technology to reap its alleged benefits of increased efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced transparency, and improved traceability. Yet, significant confusion persists about the structure, utility, and applicability of blockchain technology. A clear understanding of what blockchain is and how it works is especially important for lawyers advising clients on the applications that use, or purport to use, it. This article aims to assist lawyers and regulators by providing conceptual clarity about what blockchain is, how it works, and its main use cases. These use cases include smart contracts, cryptoassets, and some central bank digital currencies. These applications may transform business practices, or even entire monetary and payment systems, so conceptual clarity among lawyers will only become more vital.
Deciphering the localization and trajectory of human natural killer cell development
Authors: Hegewisch-Solloa Everardo , Nalin Ansel P , Freud Aharon G , Mace Emily M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Innate immune cells represent the first line of cellular immunity, comprised of both circulating and tissue-resident natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells. These innate lymphocytes arise from a common CD34+ progenitor that differentiates into mature natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells. The successive stages in natural killer cell maturation are characterized by increased lineage restriction and changes to phenotype and function. Mechanisms of human natural killer cell development have not been fully elucidated, especially the role of signals that drive the spatial localization and maturation of natural killer cells. Cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and chemokines provide maturation signals and influence the trafficking of natural killer cell progenitors to peripheral sites of differentiation. Here we present the latest advances in our understanding of natural killer and innate lymphoid cell development in peripheral sites, including secondary lymphoid tissues (i.e. tonsil). Recent work in the field has provided a model for the spatial distribution of natural killer cell and innate lymphoid cell developmental intermediates in tissue and generated further insights into the developmental niche. In support of this model, future studies using multifaceted approaches seek to fully map the developmental trajectory of human natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid tissues.