bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracting particle size distribution from laser speckle with a physics-enhanced autocorrelation-based estimator (PEACE)
Authors: Zhang Qihang , Gamekkanda Janaka C. , Pandit Ajinkya , Tang Wenlong , Papageorgiou Charles , Mitchell Chris , Yang Yihui , Schwaerzler Michael , Oyetunde Tolutola , Braatz Richard D. , Myerson Allan S. , Barbastathis George 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtracting quantitative information about highly scattering surfaces from an imaging system is challenging because the phase of the scattered light undergoes multiple folds upon propagation, resulting in complex speckle patterns. One specific application is the drying of wet powders in the pharmaceutical industry, where quantifying the particle size distribution (PSD) is of particular interest. A non-invasive and real-time monitoring probe in the drying process is required, but there is no suitable candidate for this purpose. In this report, we develop a theoretical relationship from the PSD to the speckle image and describe a physics-enhanced autocorrelation-based estimator (PEACE) machine learning algorithm for speckle analysis to measure the PSD of a powder surface. This method solves both the forward and inverse problems together and enjoys increased interpretability, since the machine learning approximator is regularized by the physical law.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of cannabinoids and menthol from neral
Authors: Grimm Joyce A. A. , Zhou Hui , Properzi Roberta , Leutzsch Markus , Bistoni Giovanni , Nienhaus Johanna , List Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe selective conversion of natural or synthetic neral to (1R,6S)-trans-isopiperitenol would enable and expedite sustainable routes to menthol1,2 and cannabinoids3–5. However, this reaction has been considered impossible because its product is more reactive to the required acid catalysts than its starting material, resulting in several side products6–9. We now show that an unsymmetric, strong and confined chiral acid, a highly fluorinated imino-imidodiphosphate, catalyses this process with excellent efficiency and selectivity. Expanding the method to other α,β-unsaturated aldehydes could enable access to new cannabinoids and menthol derivatives not readily accessible previously. Mechanistic studies suggest that the confined catalyst accomplishes this reaction by binding the product in an unreactive conformation, thereby preventing its decomposition. We also show how (1R,6S)-trans-isopiperitenol can be readily converted to pharmaceutically useful cannabinoids and menthol, each in the shortest and most atom-economic routes so far.
Coordination of bacterial cell wall and outer membrane biosynthesis
Authors: Hummels Katherine R. , Berry Samuel P. , Li Zhaoqi , Taguchi Atsushi , Min Joseph K. , Walker Suzanne , Marks Debora S. , Bernhardt Thomas G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGram-negative bacteria surround their cytoplasmic membrane with a peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall and an outer membrane (OM) with an outer leaflet composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)1. This complex envelope presents a formidable barrier to drug entry and is a major determinant of the intrinsic antibiotic resistance of these organisms2. The biogenesis pathways that build the surface are also targets of many of our most effective antibacterial therapies3. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the assembly of the Gram-negative envelope therefore promises to aid the development of new treatments effective against the growing problem of drug-resistant infections. Although the individual pathways for PG and OM synthesis and assembly are well characterized, almost nothing is known about how the biogenesis of these essential surface layers is coordinated. Here we report the discovery of a regulatory interaction between the committed enzymes for the PG and LPS synthesis pathways in the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that the PG synthesis enzyme MurA interacts directly and specifically with the LPS synthesis enzyme LpxC. Moreover, MurA was shown to stimulate LpxC activity in cells and in a purified system. Our results support a model in which the assembly of the PG and OM layers in many proteobacterial species is coordinated by linking the activities of the committed enzymes in their respective synthesis pathways.
Evolution of the germline mutation rate across vertebrates
Authors: Bergeron Lucie A. , Besenbacher Søren , Zheng Jiao , Li Panyi , Bertelsen Mads Frost , Quintard Benoit , Hoffman Joseph I. , Li Zhipeng , St. Leger Judy , Shao Changwei , Stiller Josefin , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Schierup Mikkel H. , Zhang Guojie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe germline mutation rate determines the pace of genome evolution and is an evolving parameter itself1. However, little is known about what determines its evolution, as most studies of mutation rates have focused on single species with different methodologies2. Here we quantify germline mutation rates across vertebrates by sequencing and comparing the high-coverage genomes of 151 parent–offspring trios from 68 species of mammals, fishes, birds and reptiles. We show that the per-generation mutation rate varies among species by a factor of 40, with mutation rates being higher for males than for females in mammals and birds, but not in reptiles and fishes. The generation time, age at maturity and species-level fecundity are the key life-history traits affecting this variation among species. Furthermore, species with higher long-term effective population sizes tend to have lower mutation rates per generation, providing support for the drift barrier hypothesis3. The exceptionally high yearly mutation rates of domesticated animals, which have been continually selected on fecundity traits including shorter generation times, further support the importance of generation time in the evolution of mutation rates. Overall, our comparative analysis of pedigree-based mutation rates provides ecological insights on the mutation rate evolution in vertebrates.
Ejecta from the DART-produced active asteroid Dimorphos
Authors: Li Jian-Yang , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Farnham Tony L. , Sunshine Jessica M. , Knight Matthew M. , Tancredi Gonzalo , Moreno Fernando , Murphy Brian , Opitom Cyrielle , Chesley Steve , Scheeres Daniel J. , Thomas Cristina A. , Fahnestock Eugene G. , Cheng Andrew F. , Dressel Linda , Ernst Carolyn M. , Ferrari Fabio , Fitzsimmons Alan , Ieva Simone , Ivanovski Stavro L. , Kareta Theodore , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Lister Tim , Raducan Sabina D. , Rivkin Andrew S. , Rossi Alessandro , Soldini Stefania , Stickle Angela M. , Vick Alison , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Weaver Harold A. , Bagnulo Stefano , Bannister Michele T. , Cambioni Saverio , Campo Bagatin Adriano , Chabot Nancy L. , Cremonese Gabriele , Daly R. Terik , Dotto Elisabetta , Glenar David A. , Granvik Mikael , Hasselmann Pedro H. , Herreros Isabel , Jacobson Seth , Jutzi Martin , Kohout Tomas , La Forgia Fiorangela , Lazzarin Monica , Lin Zhong-Yi , Lolachi Ramin , Lucchetti Alice , Makadia Rahil , Mazzotta Epifani Elena , Michel Patrick , Migliorini Alessandra , Moskovitz Nicholas A. , Ormö Jens , Pajola Maurizio , Sánchez Paul , Schwartz Stephen R. , Snodgrass Colin , Steckloff Jordan , Stubbs Timothy J. , Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSome active asteroids have been proposed to be formed as a result of impact events1. Because active asteroids are generally discovered by chance only after their tails have fully formed, the process of how impact ejecta evolve into a tail has, to our knowledge, not been directly observed. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission of NASA2, in addition to having successfully changed the orbital period of Dimorphos3, demonstrated the activation process of an asteroid resulting from an impact under precisely known conditions. Here we report the observations of the DART impact ejecta with the Hubble Space Telescope from impact time T + 15 min to T + 18.5 days at spatial resolutions of around 2.1 km per pixel. Our observations reveal the complex evolution of the ejecta, which are first dominated by the gravitational interaction between the Didymos binary system and the ejected dust and subsequently by solar radiation pressure. The lowest-speed ejecta dispersed through a sustained tail that had a consistent morphology with previously observed asteroid tails thought to be produced by an impact4,5. The evolution of the ejecta after the controlled impact experiment of DART thus provides a framework for understanding the fundamental mechanisms that act on asteroids disrupted by a natural impact1,6.
Light curves and colours of the ejecta from Dimorphos after the DART impact
Authors: Graykowski Ariel , Lambert Ryan A. , Marchis Franck , Cazeneuve Dorian , Dalba Paul A. , Esposito Thomas M. , O’Conner Peluso Daniel , Sgro Lauren A. , Blaclard Guillaume , Borot Antonin , Malvache Arnaud , Marfisi Laurent , Powell Tyler M. , Huet Patrice , Limagne Matthieu , Payet Bruno , Clarke Colin , Murabana Susan , Owen Daniel Chu , Wasilwa Ronald , Fukui Keiichi , Goto Tateki , Guillet Bruno , Huth Patrick , Ishiyama Satoshi , Kukita Ryuichi , Mitchell Mike , Primm Michael , Randolph Justus , Rivett Darren A. , Ryno Matthew , Shimizu Masao , Toullec Jean-Pierre , Will Stefan , Yue Wai-Chun , Camilleri Michael , Graykowski Kathy , Janetzke Ron , Janke Des , Kardel Scott , Loose Margaret , Pickering John W. , Smith Barton A. , Transom Ian M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn 26 September 2022, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft struck Dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 Didymos1. Because it is a binary system, it is possible to determine how much the orbit of the satellite changed, as part of a test of what is necessary to deflect an asteroid that might threaten Earth with an impact. In nominal cases, pre-impact predictions of the orbital period reduction ranged from roughly 8.8 to ﻿17 min (refs. 2,3). Here we report optical observations of Dimorphos before, during and after the impact, from a network of citizen scientists’ telescopes across the world. We find a maximum brightening of 2.29 ± 0.14 mag on impact. Didymos fades back to its pre-impact brightness over the course of 23.7 ± 0.7 days. We estimate lower limits on the mass contained in the ejecta, which was 0.3–0.5% Dimorphos’s mass depending on the dust size. We also observe a reddening of the ejecta on impact.
Near-anoxia induces immobilization and sustains viability of sperm stored in ant queens
Authors: Gotoh Ayako , Takeshima Mika , Mizutani Ken-ichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfter copulation, insect females store sperm in a spermatheca for some duration until fertilization. At the beginning of their adult lives, ant queens can preserve numerous viable sperm cells from copulation for over ten years. However, the key factors influencing long-term sperm storage have not been identified. Here we show that the spermathecal environment is nearly anoxic, which induces sperm immobilization. Furthermore, mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors suppress sperm motility, suggesting that sperm immobilization may be caused by a shortage of ATP generated from only glycolysis under near-anoxic conditions. Sperm immobilization is not induced by acidification via glycolytic metabolism because the spermathecal fluid is not acidic. Finally, we show that artificial anoxic conditions rather than aerobic conditions sustain viable sperm cells. Therefore, near-anoxia is a key factor influencing long-term sperm storage in ant queens. The viability of sperm cells under artificial anoxia, however, is lower than that of those dissected immediately from queens. Moreover, the immotile sperm cells under more than 4 h of anoxia do not begin swimming after aerobic exposure, unlike those under anoxic conditions for less than 2 h. This finding indicates that factors other than anoxia are also necessary for long-term sperm preservation.
Learning acquisition of consistent leader–follower relationships depends on implicit haptic interactions
Authors: Takai Asuka , Fu Qiushi , Doibata Yuzuru , Lisi Giuseppe , Tsuchiya Toshiki , Mojtahedi Keivan , Yoshioka Toshinori , Kawato Mitsuo , Morimoto Jun , Santello Marco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAre leaders made or born? Leader–follower roles have been well characterized in social science, but they remain somewhat obscure in sensory-motor coordination. Furthermore, it is unknown how and why leader–follower relationships are acquired, including innate versus acquired controversies. We developed a novel asymmetrical coordination task in which two participants (dyad) need to collaborate in transporting a simulated beam while maintaining its horizontal attitude. This experimental paradigm was implemented by twin robotic manipulanda, simulated beam dynamics, haptic interactions, and a projection screen. Clear leader–follower relationships were learned only when strong haptic feedback was introduced. This phenomenon occurred despite participants not being informed that they were interacting with each other and the large number of equally-valid alternative dyadic coordination strategies. We demonstrate the emergence of consistent leader–follower relationships in sensory-motor coordination, and further show that haptic interaction is essential for dyadic co-adaptation. These results provide insights into neural mechanisms responsible for the formation of leader–follower relationships in our society.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, tunneling magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque effect in magnetic tunnel junctions with Nb layers
Authors: Zhou Bowei , Khanal Pravin , Benally Onri Jay , Lyu Deyuan , Gopman Daniel B. , Enriquez Arthur , Habiboglu Ali , Warrilow Kennedy , Wang Jian-Ping , Wang Wei-Gang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNb and its compounds are widely used in quantum computing due to their high superconducting transition temperatures and high critical fields. Devices that combine superconducting performance and spintronic non-volatility could deliver unique functionality. Here we report the study of magnetic tunnel junctions with Nb as the heavy metal layers. An interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy density of 1.85 mJ/m2 was obtained in Nb/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures. The tunneling magnetoresistance was evaluated in junctions with different thickness combinations and different annealing conditions. An optimized magnetoresistance of 120% was obtained at room temperature, with a damping parameter of 0.011 determined by ferromagnetic resonance. In addition, spin-transfer torque switching has also been successfully observed in these junctions with a quasistatic switching current density of 7.3 $$\times \;10^{5}$$

×

10
5

A/cm2.
DNA methylation is associated with prenatal exposure to sulfur dioxide and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms
Authors: Choi Yoon-Jung , Cho Jinwoo , Hong Yun-Chul , Lee Dong-wook , Moon Sungji , Park Soo Jin , Lee Kyung-shin , Shin Choong Ho , Lee Young Ah , Kim Bung-Nyun , Kaminsky Zachary , Kim Johanna Inhyang , Lim Youn-Hee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpigenetic influence plays a role in the association between exposure to air pollution and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, research regarding sulfur dioxide (SO2) is scarce. Herein, we investigate the associations between prenatal SO2exposure and ADHD rating scale (ARS) at ages 4, 6 and 8 years repeatedly in a mother–child cohort (n = 329). Whole blood samples were obtained at ages 2 and 6 years, and genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) was analyzed for 51 children using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation BeadChip. We analyzed the associations between prenatal SO2exposure and DNAm levels at ages 2 and 6, and further investigated the association between the DNAm and ARS at ages 4, 6 and 8. Prenatal SO2exposure was associated with ADHD symptoms. From candidate gene analysis, DNAm levels at the 6 CpGs at age 2 were associated with prenatal SO2exposure levels. Of the 6 CpGs, cg07583420 (INS-IGF2) was persistently linked with ARS at ages 4, 6 and 8. Epigenome-wide analysis showed that DNAm at 6733 CpG sites were associated with prenatal SO2exposure, of which 58 CpGs involved in Notch signalling pathway were further associated with ARS at age 4, 6 and 8 years, persistently. DNAm at age 6 was not associated with prenatal SO2exposure. Changes in DNAm levels associated with prenatal SO2exposure during early childhood are associated with increases in ARS in later childhood.
Uncooled two-microbolometer stack for long wavelength infrared detection
Authors: Abdullah Amjed , Koppula Akshay , Alkorjia Omar , Almasri Mahmoud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe have investigated an uncooled infrared (IR) detector utilizing a dual level architecture. This was achieved by combining two-microbolometer stack in the vertical direction to achieve high IR absorption over two distinct spectral windows across the long wavelength infrared region (LWIR). In addition, we have studied amorphous silicon germanium oxide (SixGeyO1−x−y) as an IR sensitive material, and metasurface to control IR absorption/reflection in interaction with standard Fabry–Perot cavity. The bottom microbolometer uses a metasurface to selectively absorbs a portion of the spectrum and reflects radiation outside this window range. At the same time, the top microbolometer uses a conventional Fabry–Perot resonant cavity to absorb a different portion of the spectrum and transmit any unabsorbed radiation outside this window. This device can be used to measure the absolute temperature of an object by comparing the relative signals in the two spectral bands. The spectral responsivity and detectivity, and thermal response time were > 105 V/W, > 108 cm Hz1/2/W, and 1.13 ms to filtered blackbody infrared radiation between (2–16) µm. The microbolometer voltage noise power spectral density was reduced by annealing the microbolometers in vacuum at 300 °C.
Body composition and physical fitness in adults born small for gestational age at term: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Matre Maria , Mehl Cathrin Vano , Benum Silje Dahl , Jussinniemi Laura , Kajantie Eero , Evensen Kari Anne I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is lack of research on body composition and physical fitness in individuals born small for gestational age (SGA) at term entering mid-adulthood. We aimed to investigate these outcomes in adults born SGA at term. This population-based cohort study included 46 adults born SGA with birth weight < 10th percentile at term (gestational age ≥ 37 weeks) (22 women, 24 men) and 61 adults born at term with birth weight ≥ 10th percentile (35 women, 26 men) at 32 years. Body composition was examined anthropometrically and by 8-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis (Seca® mBCA 515). Fitness was measured by maximal isometric grip strength by a Jamar hand dynamometer, 40-s modified push-up test and 4-min submaximal step test. Participants born SGA were shorter than controls, but other anthropometric measures did not differ between the groups. Men born SGA had 4.8 kg lower grip strength in both dominant (95% CI 0.6 to 9.0) and non-dominant (95% CI 0.4 to 9.2) hand compared with controls. Grip strength differences were partly mediated by height. In conclusion, body composition and physical fitness were similar in adults born SGA and non-SGA at term. Our finding of reduced grip strength in men born SGA may warrant further investigation.
Low profile multi-layered invisibility carpet cloak using quantum dot core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Esfahani Amin Monemian , Yousefi Leila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a method to reduce the profile of layered carpet cloaks is proposed. We analytically prove and numerically demonstrate that using a Low Index Material (LIM), a material with a relative dielectric constant smaller than 1, in construction of carpet cloaks can remarkably reduce their profiles. Using the proposed technique, a carpet cloak consisting of alternating LIM and silicon layers is designed to provide invisibility at visible wavelengths. The designed cloak has a profile that is 2.3 times smaller than a carpet cloak without LIM layers. To realize low index materials at optical wavelengths, silver-coated CdSe/CdS quantum dots dispersed in a polymer host are used. Quantum dots are utilized to compensate the loss of Silver and to achieve a low index medium with neglectable loss. The designed low profile carpet cloak is numerically analyzed showing a good performance for a wide range of incident angles which is the advantage of the proposed structure in comparison with metasurface-based carpet cloaks which work only for a very narrow range of incident angles.
Research on the synergistic modification effect and the interface mechanism of GO/SBS compound-modified asphalt based on experiments and molecular simulations
Authors: Zeng Qing , Liu Yaru , Liu Qicheng , Xu Zhenghong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough there have been reports showing the modification effect of carbon nanomaterials on asphalt, there are few studies on whether carbon nanomaterials and polymers can have synergistic modification effects on asphalt. At the same time, the complex composition of asphalt makes it difficult to determine the interface mechanism between the modifier and the asphalt. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer (SBS) were selected as modifiers. A combined experimental and molecular simulation research method was used to study the synergistic modification effect and the interface mechanism between the modifier and the asphalt. The results show that the modification effect of GO/SBS incorporated into asphalt is significantly superior to that of GO or SBS incorporated individually and GO/SBS has a synergistic modification effect. Although the binding strength between SBS and asphalt is weak, the GO surface (GO (0 0 1)) can simultaneously bind with SBS and asphalt, increasing the binding strength of SBS and asphalt as well as promoting the dispersion of SBS in asphalt, so that GO/SBS shows a synergistic modification effect and improves properties such as low-temperature ductility, rheology and storage stability at macroscopic level. Intercalated and exfoliated structure can be formed between GO side (GO (0 1 0)) and asphalt, which improves the anti-aging properties of the asphalt. Physical bonding is the main interface binding for GO/SBS compound-modified asphalt. GO bonds to asphalt or SBS by hydrogen bonds and there are only dispersion forces between SBS and asphalt, resulting in a higher binding strength between GO and asphalt or SBS than between SBS and asphalt.