bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age, but not an immune challenge, triggers terminal investment in the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus
Authors: Rutkowski Nicola-Anne J , Foo Yong Zhi , Jones Therésa M , McNamara Kathryn B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The terminal investment hypothesis proposes that, when individuals are faced with a threat to survival, they will increase investment in current reproduction. The level of the threat necessary to elicit terminal investment (the dynamic terminal investment threshold) may vary based on other factors that also influence future reproduction. Here, we tested whether there is an interactive effect of age and an immune challenge on the dynamic terminal investment threshold in the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. We measured the courtship call, mating attractiveness, ejaculate size, and offspring production of T. oceanicus males. We found only limited support for the dynamic terminal investment threshold: there was no consistent evidence of a positive interaction between male age and immune challenge intensity. However, we found evidence for age-related terminal investment: older males produced a larger spermatophore than younger males. Older males also had a slower calling rate compared to younger males, suggesting a potential trade-off between these two pre- and post-copulatory traits. As some, but not all, reproductive traits responded plastically to cues for terminal investment, our research highlights the importance of considering a broad range of pre-and post-copulatory traits when exploring the potential for terminal investment to occur.
Changes in superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) expression in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement of rat molars and the effect of SOD3 onin vitrohypoxia-exposed rat periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Jindarojanakul Phanchanit , Kobayashi Yukiho , Kamimoto Hiroyuki , Niki Yuki , Chan Myo Aye , Satrawaha Sirichom , Moriyama Keiji 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesHypoxia during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in periodontal tissues. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an anti-inflammatory enzyme that protects cells from ROS. This study investigated the expression and function of SOD3 during rat OTM and in hypoxia-exposed rat periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.Materials/MethodsOTM of right maxillary first molars were performed in 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats using closed-coil spring for 1 and 14 days (n = 6 per group). SOD3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effects of SOD3 on cell viability and proliferation, ROS production, and mRNA expression of Hif1-α, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (Rankl), and osteoprotegerin (Opg) in PDL cells and osteoclast differentiation were investigated under normal and hypoxic conditions.ResultsSOD3 expression in PDL tissues significantly decreased on the compression side on day 1 and on both sides on day 14 of OTM. HIF-1α levels significantly increased on the compression side on day 14. Cell viability, cell proliferation, and Opg mRNA expression decreased, whereas ROS production and Hif1-α and Rankl mRNA expression increased in the PDL cells upon SOD3 silencing. Hypoxia reduced Sod3 and Opg mRNA expression and increased ROS, Rankl mRNA expression, and osteoclast formation; SOD3 treatment attenuated these effects.Conclusion/ImplicationsSOD3 plays a role in periodontal tissue remodelling during OTM and in hypoxia-exposed PDL cells through ROS, HIF-1α, and RANKL/OPG pathways. Moreover, SOD3 treatment could attenuate the negative effects of hypoxia on the PDL cells.
Ending Economic Sanctions in the Shadow of Bargaining Problems
Authors: Cilizoglu Menevis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCan imposers of sanctions end economic coercion without the fear of strengthening their targets’ capabilities? Senders may prefer to end sanctions given its ex post inefficiency, yet doing so might provide the target greater access to resources and contribute to its offensive behavior. Targets’ inability to credibly commit to reversing their policies while enjoying the gains from sanctions relief, coupled with the difficulty of perfectly observing their compliance behavior, creates an obstacle for ending sanctions and resuming profitable economic transactions. Using a game-theoretic model of sanctions removal under uncertainty about targets’ intentions and compliance behavior, I formally demonstrate and empirically find that sanctions are more likely to end if senders can successfully detect targets’ compliance, but only if the target considers the promised sanctions relief attractive. Targets that offset the costs of sanctions will not value the promised sanctions relief and choose not to negotiate over sanctions removal.
The Use of Laser Doppler Imaging in Nitric Acid Burns: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Owoso Toluwaniyin , Kankam Hadyn K N , Abdulsalam Abdulrazak , Lewis Darren 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) technology has been validated to assess thermal burn depth by predicting wound healing potential. However, there is no clear evidence for its use in chemical burns. We present a case of an 8% total burn surface area (TBSA) nitric acid burn following an industrial accident, in an otherwise healthy 36-year-old man. LDI assessment was suggestive of poor healing potential of &gt;21 days, warranting surgical management. However, conservative management was opted for based on clinical assessment as the wound eschar appeared thin and more consistent with epithelial staining. Patient follow-up confirmed a total burn healing time of two months, suggesting that the LDI assessment was accurate. A comprehensive literature review was performed using the MEDLINE (PubMed) database to identify animal or clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of LDI in chemical burns. A qualitative synthesis of our findings is presented. We identified two experimental studies in porcine models with sulfur mustard burns, each confirming the accuracy of LDI assessment when compared to the histopathology findings. Limited experimental animal studies on the use of LDI suggest similar validity in chemical burns, and this correlates with the clinical outcome in this case. However, this alone is insufficient to prove its validity and define its role in the assessment of chemical burns. Clinical trials are required to further assess and define the parameters of LDI use and efficacy in this context.
Extracellular vesicles fromMycobacterium tuberculosis–infected neutrophils induce maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and activation of antigen-specific Th1 cells
Authors: Vázquez-Flores Luis , Castañeda-Casimiro Jessica , Vallejo-Castillo Luis , Álvarez-Jiménez Violeta D , Peregrino Eliud S , García-Martínez Mariano , Barreda Dante , Rosales-García Víctor Hugo , Segovia-García C David , Santos-Mendoza Teresa , Wong-Baeza Carlos , Serafín-López Jeanet , Chacón-Salinas Rommel , Estrada-Parra Sergio , Estrada-García Iris , Wong-Baeza Isabel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTuberculosis remains one of the leading public health problems in the world. The mechanisms that lead to the activation of the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been extensively studied, with a focus on the role of cytokines as the main signals for immune cell communication. However, less is known about the role of other signals, such as extracellular vesicles, in the communication between immune cells, particularly during the activation of the adaptive immune response. In this study, we determined that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis contained several host proteins that are ectosome markers. In addition, we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis released after only 30 min of infection carried mycobacterial antigens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and we identified 15 mycobacterial proteins that were consistently found in high concentrations in extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis; these proteins contain epitopes for CD4 T-cell activation. We found that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis increased the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80 and of the coinhibitory molecule PD-L1 on immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. We also found that immature and mature dendritic cells treated with extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis were able to induce IFN-γ production by autologous M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD4 T cells, indicating that these extracellular vesicles acted as antigen carriers and transferred mycobacterial proteins to the antigen-presenting cells. Our results provide evidence that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis participate in the activation of the adaptive immune response against M. tuberculosis.
Retrospective review of changes in testosterone dosing and physiologic parameters in transgender and gender-diverse individuals following hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy
Authors: Grimstad Frances W , Fraiman Elad , Garborcauskas Garrett , Ferrando Cecile A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
As more transgender and gender-diverse patients undergo hysterectomy, gaps in knowledge remain about how testosterone dosing or other physiologic parameters change following surgery and how these are influenced by concomitant oophorectomy.

Aim
The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of testosterone dosing change after gender-affirming hysterectomy and to compare this incidence between patients who underwent oophorectomy and ovarian preservation.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study consisted of transmasculine patients who underwent hysterectomy for gender affirmation.

Outcomes
Outcome measures included testosterone dosing changes at least 3 months following hysterectomy, as identified by clinical documentation, as well as clinical and laboratory parameters assessed for a change after hysterectomy: free and total testosterone, estradiol, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total cholesterol, weight, and blood pressure.

Results
Of the 50 patients, 32 (64%) underwent bilateral oophorectomy, 10 (20%) unilateral oophorectomy, and 8 (16%) maintained both ovaries. Eight percent (n = 4) changed testosterone dosing following hysterectomy. Those who underwent bilateral oophorectomy were no more likely to change their testosterone dose than those who did not (P = .09). Those who also used menstrual suppression were 1.31 times more likely to change doses of testosterone after hysterectomy (95% CI, 1.09-1.82; P = .003). For those who had pre- and posthysterectomy laboratory and clinical values, the majority saw no clinically significant change. However, among patients who underwent bilateral oophorectomy, the calculated free testosterone increased by 90.1 ± 288.4 ng/dL (mean ± SD), and estradiol dropped by 20.2 ± 29.0 pg/mL.

Clinical Implications
In a field where access to care can be a significant barrier, there is unlikely to be a need for routine reassessment of testosterone dose or laboratory parameters following hysterectomy, whether or not a bilateral oophorectomy occurs.

Strengths and Limitations
Limitations of the study include its retrospective nature and the lack of consistent clinical laboratory testing, which resulted in limited data about any given hormonal change. The heterogeneity of our population limited the number of patients undergoing or not undergoing oophorectomy; however, it allowed our study to more truly reflect a clinical environment.

Conclusion
In a multisite cohort of individuals who underwent hysterectomy for gender affirmation, few patients changed testosterone dosing after surgery. In addition, dosing change was not associated with the presence or absence of bilateral oophorectomy, and most measured laboratory values remained consistent following hysterectomy.
Rice microRNA156/529-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7/14/17 modules regulate defenses against bacteria
Authors: Hui Shugang , Ke Yinggen , Chen Dan , Wang Lei , Li Qingqing , Yuan Meng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) microRNA156/529-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7/14/17 (miR156/529-SPL7/14/17) modules have pleiotropic effects on many biological pathways. OsSPL7/14 can interact with DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) to modulate gibberellin acid (GA) signal transduction against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. However, whether the miR156/529-OsSPL7/14/17 modules also regulate resistance against other pathogens is unclear. Notably, OsSPL7/14/17 functioning as transcriptional activators, their target genes, and the corresponding downstream signaling pathways remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that miR156/529 play negative roles in plant immunity and that miR156/529-regulated OsSPL7/14/17 confer broad-spectrum resistance against 2 devastating bacterial pathogens. Three OsSPL7/14/17 proteins directly bind to the promoters of rice Allene Oxide Synthase 2 (OsAOS2) and NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (OsNPR1) and activate their transcription, regulating jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation and the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway, respectively. Overexpression of OsAOS2 or OsNPR1 impairs the susceptibility of the osspl7/14/17 triple mutant. Exogenous application of JA enhances resistance of the osspl7/14/17 triple mutant and the miR156 overexpressing plants. In addition, genetic evidence confirms that bacterial pathogen-activated miR156/529 negatively regulate pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) responses, such as pattern recognition receptor Xa3/Xa26-initiated PTI. Our findings demonstrate that bacterial pathogens modulate miR156/529-OsSPL7/14/17 modules to suppress OsAOS2-catalyzed JA accumulation and the OsNPR1-promoted SA signaling pathway, facilitating pathogen infection. The uncovered miR156/529-OsSPL7/14/17-OsAOS2/OsNPR1 regulatory network provides a potential strategy to genetically improve rice disease resistance.
Comparing the Accuracy of Seven Scoring Systems in Predicting Survival of Lung Cancer Patients With Spinal Metastases
Authors: Yan Yuan , Zhong Guoqing , Lai Huahao , Huang Chongquan , Yao Mengyu , Zhou Maolin , Zhou Chengzhi , Wang Jing , Cheng Shi , Zhang Yu 
Published: March 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective case series.

Objective.
To investigate the accuracy of seven scoring systems for the prediction of survival in lung cancer patients with spinal metastases (SPM).

Summary of Background Data.
Although survival scoring systems have been developed for surgical decision-making, the reliability and validity of these models are unclear for specific cancer types. As the prevalence of patients with lung cancer increases, it is imperative to determine the accuracy of these models for lung cancer patients with SPM.

Materials and Methods.
This is a retrospective study of a cohort of lung cancer patients with SPM who underwent spine surgery between 2019 and 2021 at two centers. The optimal area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of seven candidate scoring systems at 3, 6, and 12 months. Calibration and decision curve analysis was used for further validation.

Results.
A total of 166 patients (mean age: 58.98±10.94; 105 males and 61 females) with SPM were included. The median postoperative survival was 12.87±0.93 months. The modified Bauer score, revised Tokuhashi score, Linden score, Tomita score, the Skeletal Oncology Research Group nomogram, and the New England Spinal Metastasis Score in prediction survival at 3, 6, and 12 months showed a slightly weaker AUC (range 0.464–0.659). The AUC of the Katagiri-New score in predicting 1-year survival for lung cancer patients was the highest (0.708; range 0.619–0.798). The decision curve analysis showed that the Katagiri-New score led to a greater net benefit than the strategies of changing management for all patients or none of the patients.

Conclusions.
This study suggests that the most commonly used models have limitations in predicting survival in patients undergoing spinal surgery for metastatic lung cancer and underestimate survival. In this sample of lung cancer patients, the Katagiri-New Scoring system score had the best performance in predicting 1-year survival.

Level of Evidence.
4.
A Concept Analysis of Family Presence During COVID-19
Authors: Dudeck Sarah , Hibler Erika , Gill Karamvir , Shantz Tara , Kovick Laura , Cypress Brigitte , Caboral-Stevens Meriam 
Published: March 2023

Background
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic required health care organizations throughout the United States to implement strict visitor restriction policies to mitigate the spread of the virus. These policy changes had a direct impact on family presence (FP) in hospital settings.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to conduct a concept analysis of FP during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Walker and Avant's 8-step method was used.

Results
Four defining attributes of FP during COVID-19 were derived based on a review of the literature: being there or with, seeing is believing, during challenging times, and subjective advocates. The COVID-19 pandemic was the main antecedent of the concept. The consequences and empirical referents were discussed. Model, borderline, and contrary cases were developed.

Conclusion
This concept analysis provided an understanding of the concept of FP during COVID-19, which is imperative to optimizing patient care outcomes, as literature identified a support person or system as an extension of the care team that facilitates successful care management. Whether by advocating for their patients to have a support person present during team rounds, or by stepping in as the patient's main support system in the absence of family, nurses must find a way to do what is best for their patients even during the unprecedented times of a global pandemic.
A novel point-of-care test for cirrhosis based on dimeric to monomeric IgA ratio in blood: a pilot cohort study
Authors: Howell Jessica , Van Huy , Pham Minh D. , Sawhney Rohit , Li Fan , Bhat Purnima , Lubel John , Kemp William , Bloom Steven , Majumdar Avik , McCaughan Geoff , Spelman Timothy , Doyle Joseph S. , Hellard Margaret , Visvanathan Kumar , Thompson Alexander , Anderson David 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:
Dimeric IgA to monomeric IgA ratio (dIgA ratio) is a biomarker of gut mucosal leakage in liver cirrhosis. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a novel point-of-care (POC) dIgA ratio test for cirrhosis.

Methods:
Plasma samples from people with chronic liver disease were analyzed using the BioPoint POC dIgA ratio antigen immunoassay lateral flow test. Cirrhosis was defined by Fibroscan>12.5 kPa, clinical evidence of cirrhosis or liver histopathology. POC dIgA test diagnostic accuracy was determined in a test cohort using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis; optimal cutoffs for sensitivity and specificity were then applied to a validation cohort.

Results:
A total of 1478 plasma samples from 866 patients with chronic liver disease were included (test cohort n = 260, validation cohort n = 606). In all, 32% had cirrhosis; 44% Child-Pugh A, 26% Child-Pugh B, and 29% Child-Pugh C. Median POC dIgA ratio was higher in cirrhosis (0.9) compared with no cirrhosis (0.4, p < 0.001), and in Child-Pugh class B/C compared with A cirrhosis (1.4 Child-Pugh B/C vs. 0.6 Child-Pugh A, p < 0.001). POC dIgA ratio test had good diagnostic accuracy for liver cirrhosis in the test cohort (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.80); a dIgA ratio cutoff of 0.6 had a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 86%. POC dIgA test accuracy was moderate in the validation cohort (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.75; positive predictive value 64%, negative predictive value 83%). Using a dual cutoff approach, 79% of cirrhosis cases were correctly diagnosed and further testing was avoided in 57%.

Conclusions:
POC dIgA ratio test had moderate accuracy for cirrhosis. Further studies evaluating the accuracy of POC dIgA ratio testing for cirrhosis screening are warranted.
MANAGEMENT OF A UNIQUE CASE OF COATS'-LIKE X-LINKED RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA ASSOCIATED WITH AN RPGR VARIANT IN THE ERA OF ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM GROWTH FACTOR
Authors: Pederzolli Matteo , Sacconi Riccardo , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
To describe a unique case of X-linked Coats'-like retinitis pigmentosa, a form of exudative retinitis pigmentosa, in association with an RPGR variant, and its management with intravitreal anti–vascular endothelium growth factor drugs, along with a peculiar optical coherence tomography finding observed in a late stage of disease.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 33-year-old man previously treated with anti–vascular endothelium growth factors for macular edema came to our clinic for bilateral visual loss. A hemizygous RPGR variant (c.2442_2445del) was found and a diagnosis of Coats'-like Retinitis Pigmentosa was made. He was initially treated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; when efficacy wore off, he was switched to anti–vascular endothelium growth factor injections in both eyes with improvement. After a year without treatment, VA drastically worsened in both eyes; optical coherence tomography displayed disruption and increased hyper-reflectivity of the inner retinal layers in the right eye.

Conclusion:
The c.2442_2445del variant is added to a number of known ORF 15 RPGR mutations associated with Coats'like Retinitis Pigmentosa. Anti–vascular endothelium growth factor treatment was successful in blocking visual loss in our patient and withholding treatment had a negative impact on his visual outcome.
“The Effects of Tranexamic Acid in Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”
Authors: Huynh Minh NQ , Wong Chloe R. , McRae Matthew C , Voineskos Sophocles , McRae Mark H 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is used in trauma and surgical settings. Its role in reducing postoperative blood loss in breast surgery remains unclear. The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of TXA on post-operative blood loss in breast surgery.

Methods:
Searches of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed from inception to April 3, 2020. Inclusion criteria were any retrospective reviews, prospective cohort studies, and randomized control trials that administered TXA (topical or IV) in the context of breast surgery. Quality of studies were evaluated using the RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools, respectively. Data was pooled and a meta-analysis was performed.

Results:
In total, seven studies were included, representing 1226 patients (TXA = 632, control = 622 patients). TXA was administered: topically (20 mL of 25 mg/mL TXA intraoperatively; n=258 patients), intravenously (1-3 g perioperatively; n=743 patients), or both (1-3 g daily up to 5 days post-operatively; n=253 patients). TXA administration reduced hematoma formation in breast surgery (risk ratio, 0.48; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.73), with no effect on drain output (mean difference, -84.12 mL; 95% CI -206.53 to 38.29), seroma formation (risk ratio, 0.92; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.40) or infection rates (risk ratio, 1.01; 95% CI 0.46 to 2.21). No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions:
The use of TXA in breast surgery is a safe and effective modality with low level evidence that it reduces hematoma rates without affecting seroma rates, postoperative drain output, or infection rates.