bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nexus between corruption and academic freedom: An international investigation of the underlying linkages
Authors: Capasso Salvatore , Goel Rajeev K. , Saunoris James W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudying a relatively under‐researched aspect in economics, this paper examines the nexus between corruption and academic freedom. Our main hypothesis is that greater corruption undermines academic freedom and we test this hypothesis using data for 104 nations from 2012 to 2018. Our results support the main hypothesis, and this finding also generally holds across alternative aspects of academic freedom. Another contribution of this work lies in dissecting the direct and indirect (through corruption) effects of various drivers of academic freedom. Finally, additional insights are gained by considering different dimensions of academic freedom and how they are impacted by corruption.
How do Antecedent Semantics Influence Pronoun Interpretation? Evidence from Eye Movements
Authors: Simovic Tiana V. , Chambers Craig G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPronoun interpretation is often described as relying on a comprehender's mental model of discourse. For example, in some psycholinguistic accounts, interpreting pronouns involves a process ofretrieval, whereby a pronoun is resolved by accessing information from its linguistic antecedent. However, linguistic antecedents are neither necessary nor sufficient for interpreting a pronoun, and even when an antecedent has been introduced in earlier discourse, there is little evidence for the retrieval of linguisticform. The current study extends our understanding of pronoun interpretation by examining whether thesemanticsof antecedent expressions are retrieved from representations of past discourse. Participants were instructed to move displayed objects in a Visual World eye‐tracking task. In some cases, the semantics of the antecedent were no longer viable after an instruction was completed (e.g., “Move the house on the left to area 12,” where the result was that a different house is now the leftmost one). In this case, retrieving antecedent semantics at the point of hearing a subsequent pronoun (“Now, move it…”) should entail a processing penalty. Instead, the results showed that antecedent semantics have no direct effect on interpretation, raising additional questions about the role that retrieval might play in pronoun interpretation.
Ketamine and its metabolite 2R,6R‐hydroxynorketamine promote ocular dominance plasticity and release tropomyosin‐related kinase B from inhibitory control without reducing perineuronal nets enwrapping parvalbumin interneurons
Authors: Cannarozzo Cecilia , Rubiolo Anna , Casarotto Plinio , Castrén Eero 
Published: February 2023

AbstractKetamine has been described as a fast‐acting antidepressant, exerting effects in depressed patients and in preclinical models with a rapid onset of action. The typical antidepressant fluoxetine is known to induce plasticity in the adult rodent visual cortex, as assessed by a shift in ocular dominance, a classical model of brain plasticity, and a similar effect has been described for ketamine and its metabolite 2R,6R‐hydroxynorketamine (R,R‐HNK). Here, we demonstrate that ketamine (at 3 or 20 mg/kg) and R,R‐HNK facilitated the shift in ocular dominance in monocularly deprived mice, after three injections, throughout the 7‐day monocular deprivation regimen. Notably, the comparison between the treatments indicates a higher effect size of R,R‐HNK compared with ketamine. Treatment with ketamine or R,R‐HNK failed to influence the levels of perineuronal nets (PNNs) surrounding parvalbumin‐positive interneurons. However, we observed in vitro that both ketamine and R,R‐HNK are able to disrupt the tropomyosin‐related kinase B (TRKB) interaction with the protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ), which upon binding to PNNs dephosphorylates TRKB. These results support a model where diverse drugs promote the reinstatement of juvenile‐like plasticity by directly binding TRKB and releasing it from PTPσ regulation, without necessarily reducing PNNs deposits.
Not a benign motor neuron disease: longitudinal imaging captures relentless motor connectome disintegration in primary lateral sclerosis
Authors: Tahedl Marlene , Tan Ee Ling , Shing Stacey Li Hi , Chipika Rangariroyashe H. , Siah We Fong , Hengeveld Jennifer C. , Doherty Mark A. , McLaughlin Russell L. , Hardiman Orla , Finegan Eoin , Bede Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and purposePrimary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a progressive upper motor neuron disorder associated with considerable clinical disability. Symptoms are typically exclusively linked to primary motor cortex degeneration and the contribution of pre‐motor, supplementary motor, cortico‐medullary and inter‐hemispheric connectivity alterations are less well characterized.MethodsIn a single‐centre, prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging study 41 patients with PLS were investigated. Patients underwent standardized neuroimaging, genetic profiling with whole exome sequencing, and comprehensive clinical assessments including upper motor neuron scores, tapping rates, mirror movements, spasticity assessment, cognitive screening and evaluation for pseudobulbar affect. Longitudinal neuroimaging data from 108 healthy controls were used for image interpretation. A standardized imaging protocol was implemented including 3D T1‐weighted structural, diffusion tensor imaging and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Following somatotopic segmentation, cortical thickness analyses, probabilistic tractography, blood oxygenation level dependent signal analyses and brainstem volumetry were conducted to evaluate cortical, brainstem, cortico‐medullary and inter‐hemispheric connectivity alterations both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally.ResultsOur data confirm progressive primary motor cortex degeneration, considerable supplementary motor and pre‐motor area involvement, progressive brainstem atrophy, cortico‐medullary and inter‐hemispheric disconnection, and close associations between clinical upper motor neuron scores and somatotopic connectivity indices in PLS.DiscussionPrimary lateral sclerosis is associated with relentlessly progressive motor connectome degeneration. Clinical disability in PLS is likely to stem from a combination of intra‐ and inter‐hemispheric connectivity decline and primary, pre‐ and supplementary motor cortex degeneration. Simple ‘bedside’ clinical tools, such as tapping rates, are excellent proxies of the integrity of the relevant fibres of the contralateral corticospinal tract.
“Kapit” at “Bahay” concepts of Filipino neighboring: A cultural revalidation
Authors: Fatalla Jimbo M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe neighbor concept and relations vary across spatial and temporal milieux. My fieldwork in a rural residential barangay in Marinduque province revalidates the Filipino concept of kapitbahay through the locals’ social interaction and sense of community. Using the pagtatanong‐tanong (asking questions) cross‐indigenous interview involving ten permanent residents reveals the kapitbahay as a threefold category involving dimensions of space, social relations, and time. The kapitbahay pertains to social responsibility (the “I” or Ako as the kapitbahay), a support system (“They” or Sila as the kapitbahay), and a recognition of kapwa or shared identity (“We” or Kami as magkapitbahay). I propose a “Kapit” at “Bahay” model of Filipino neighboring that views the concept as primarily relational, denoted by kapit (to hold on), and spatial on account of the physical extended neighborhood context rooted in the term bahay (house), with an underlying temporal dimension called panahon.
Large‐scale genetic surveys for main extant population of wild giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reveals an urgent need of human management
Authors: Li Wanyu , Zhou Chuang , Cheng Meiling , Tu Hongmei , Wang Guannan , Mao Yeming , Huang Yaohua , Chen Minghua , Price Megan , Meng Yang , Yue Bisong , Zhang Xiuyue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere are only six isolated living giant panda populations, and a comprehensive understanding of their genetic health status is crucial for the conservation of this vulnerable species. Liangshan Mountains is one of the main distribution areas of living giant pandas and is outside the newly established Giant panda national park. In this study, 971 giant panda fecal samples were collected in the heartland of Liangshan Mountains (Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve: MB; Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve: MG; and Heizhugou Nature Reserve: HZG). Microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D‐loop sequences were used to estimate population size and genetic diversity. We identified 92 individuals (MB: 27, MG: 22, HZG: 43) from the three reserves. Our results showed that: (1) genetic diversity of three giant panda populations was moderate; (2) several loci deviated significantly from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and almost all these deviated loci showed significant heterozygote deficiencies and inbreeding; (3) three giant panda populations have substantial genetic differentiation with the most differentiation between MB and the two other populations; and (4) a large amount of giant panda feces outside the three reserves were found, implying the existence of protection gap. These results indicated that under stochastic events, the giant panda populations in Liangshan Mountains are at risk of genetic decline or extinction and urgent need of human management. This study revealed that high attention should be paid to the protection of these giant panda populations outside the Giant panda national park, to ensure their survival in their distribution areas.
Young adults' perceptions of technology use with extended family
Authors: Hessel Heather M. , LeBouef Samantha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe current study explores young adults' perceptions of the use and impact of technology on their relationships with extended family.BackgroundYoung adults are avid technology users and communicate frequently with parents and siblings using a variety of online tools. There is limited research examining young adults' use of technology to communicate with extended family members, despite studies suggesting that these relationships serve a unique and valuable role in their lives.MethodQualitative data were collected from 529 U.S. 18–29‐year‐old young adults (N = 529; M age = 25.91 years, SD = 2.53) utilizing an online survey.ResultsAn inductive content analysis revealed five primary themes: Technology facilitates giving and receiving support, technology enables family bonding, technology allows young adults to mediate distance and closeness, technology environments as places of family discovery, and paradoxes exist in technology use with extended family.ConclusionYoung adults connect with extended family online in beneficial and sometimes contradictory ways; technology serves as a mechanism for modulating levels of involvement with family, enabling young adults to preserve or grow autonomy while also providing opportunities for interaction in their everyday lives.ImplicationsFamily practitioners and educators working with young adults can assist them in tapping into extended family as a resource using a range of communication channels.
Invaders they are a‐changing†: A recent, unexpected surge of invasive loaches in Catalonia
Authors: Clavero Miguel , Suh Jongmo , Franch Nati , Aparicio Enric , Buchaca Teresa , Caner Jenny , Garcia‐Rodriguez Sergi , Llimona Francesc , Pou‐Rovira Quim , Rocaspana Rafel , Ventura Marc 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Risk analyses for invasive species often assume that the characteristics of future invaders will resemble those already successful, but these features may change.

Here, we use data from more than 3,500 fish sampling events, sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear genes and analyses of several traits describing non‐native fish to describe the irruption and rapid expansion of non‐native loaches in Catalonia, north‐east Iberian Peninsula, and framing this surge in the knowledge of previous invasions.

We report the establishment of at least five (Cobitis bilineata, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Misgurnus bipartitus, Paramisgurnus dabryanus, and a yet undescribed Barbatula species) non‐native loach species in Catalonia, most of which are currently spreading. Furthermore, one of the two regionally native loach species (Cobitis paludica) has been introduced and is spreading through river basins where it is not native.

Genetic analyses were fundamental to understand loach invasions, by clarifying specific statuses, identifying the origin of non‐native populations and/or detecting independent introduction events. Genetic results also highlighted the unresolved taxonomy of loaches, particularly for European Barbatula.

Loaches are recent, diverse, and successful invaders whose traits differ from those of most previously established invasive fish species, signalling potential weaknesses of prevention of biological invasions based on prohibited species lists. We call for the development of more flexible management tools (e.g. based on fish traits and not only on species identities) and prioritising prevention and rapid responses to new introductions.
Fasting serum fructose is associated with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease: A prospective study
Authors: Fan Yujuan , Zhang Yuecheng , Chen Congling , Ying Zhen , Su Qing , Li Xiaoying , Chen Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe association between sugar‐sweetened beverages and metabolic disorders has been well studied. However, it has not been determined whether fasting serum fructose is associated with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).MethodsParticipants were enrolled from 2011 to 2012 in Shanghai. Fasting serum fructose concentration was measured with a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.ResultsA total of 954 participants without diabetes were included. They were followed for an average of 3.5 years. A total of 320 (33.5%) participants had MAFLD at baseline. With the increase in fasting serum fructose level by quartile, the MAFLD prevalence was increased by 27.0%, 25.0%, 37.4%, and 44.5%, respectively (p < 0.001). Each SD increase in fasting serum fructose level was associated with a 60% increased risk of MAFLD (odds ratio 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–1.88; p < 0.001). Fasting serum fructose levels were more closely associated with four components of MAFLD (hepatic steatosis, prediabetes, insulin resistance, and low high‐density lipoprotein). We built a diagnostic model named the fructose fat index (FFI). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the FFI was 0.879 (95% CI, 0.850–0.908) in the derivation cohort and 0.827 (95% CI, 0.776–0.878) in the validation cohort. Subsequent prospective studies found that the incidence risk of MAFLD was 2.26 times higher in the high‐fructose group than in the low‐fructose group among female participants (95% CI, 1.46–3.49; p < 0.001).ConclusionFasting serum fructose concentration, which mostly reflects endogenous fructose, was associated with a higher risk of MAFLD. The FFI derived from fasting serum fructose could be used to predict MAFLD.
Loss of functionSMAD4nonstop mutations in human cancer
Authors: Bauer Anna H , Basta David W , Hornick Jason L , Dong Fei 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundSMAD4is a tumour suppressor gene that is mutated in a variety of cancers.SMAD4nonstop mutations, which convert stop codons to sense codons that extend transcription, have been identified in genomic databases but have not been characterised in human pathology samples. The frequency ofSMAD4nonstop mutations and the consequences of nonstop mutations on SMAD4 protein expression are unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed our cancer sequencing database of 38,002 tumour specimens and evaluated the spectrum ofSMAD4mutations. SMAD4 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tumours withSMAD4nonstop mutations.ResultsIn total, 1956SMAD4mutations were identified in 1822 tumours.SMAD4mutations were most common in tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and included nonsense variants (n = 344), frameshift indels (n = 258), splice site variants (n = 104), and missense variants at codon R361 (n = 245). In a subset of cases with immunohistochemistry, SMAD4 expression was lost in 23 of 25 tumours (92%) with protein truncating variants and in 7 of 27 tumours (26%) with missense variants. Four cases harbouredSMAD4nonstop mutations.SMAD4nonstop mutations were identified in two pancreatic adenocarcinomas, one colonic adenocarcinoma, and one non‐small cell lung carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated loss of SMAD4 protein expression in each of the four tumours withSMAD4nonstop mutations.ConclusionSMAD4nonstop mutations are associated with loss of SMAD4 protein expression in multiple tumour types.SMAD4nonstop mutations should be clinically interpreted as pathogenic loss of function alterations when identified in cancer sequencing panels.
Mouse guanylate‐binding protein 1 does not mediate antiviral activity against influenza virus in vitro or in vivo
Authors: Tessema Melkamu B , Tuipulotu Daniel Enosi , Oates Clare V , Brooks Andrew G , Man Si Ming , Londrigan Sarah L , Reading Patrick C 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany interferon (IFN)‐stimulated genes are upregulated within host cells following infection with influenza and other viruses. While the antiviral activity of some IFN‐stimulated genes, such as the IFN‐inducible GTPase myxoma resistance (Mx)1 protein 1, has been well defined, less is known regarding the antiviral activities of related IFN‐inducible GTPases of the guanylate‐binding protein (GBP) family, particularly mouse GBPs, where mouse models can be used to assess their antiviral properties in vivo. Herein, we demonstrate that mouse GBP1 (mGBP1) was upregulated in a mouse airway epithelial cell line (LA‐4 cells) following pretreatment with mouse IFNα or infection by influenza A virus (IAV). Whereas doxycycline‐inducible expression of mouse Mx1 (mMx1) in LA‐4 cells resulted in reduced susceptibility to IAV infection and reduced viral growth, inducible mGBP1 did not. Moreover, primary cells isolated from mGBP1‐deficient mice (mGBP1−/−) showed no difference in susceptibility to IAV and mGBP1−/− macrophages showed no defect in IAV‐induced NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation. After intranasal IAV infection, mGBP1−/− mice also showed no differences in virus replication or induction of inflammatory responses in the airways during infection. Thus, using complementary approaches such as mGBP1 overexpression, cells from mGBP1−/− mice and intranasal infection of mGBP1−/− we demonstrate that mGBP1 does not play a major role in modulating IAV infection in vitro or in vivo.
The turning point of COVID‐19 severity is associated with a unique circulating neutrophil gene signature
Authors: Fuzo Carlos A. , Fraga‐Silva Thais F. C. , Maruyama Sandra R. , Bastos Víctor A. F. , Rogerio Luana A. , Takamiya Nayore T. , da Silva‐Neto Pedro V. , Pimentel Vinícius E. , Toro Diana M. , Pérez Malena M. , de Carvalho Jonatan C. S. , Carmona‐Garcia Ingryd , Oliveira Camilla N. S. , Degiovani Augusto M. , Ostini Fátima M. , Constant Leticia F. , de Amorim Alessandro P. , Vilar Fernando C. , Feitosa Marley R. , Parra Rogerio S. , da Rocha José J. R. , Feres Omar , Gaspar Gilberto G. , Viana Angelina L. , Fernandes Ana P. M. , Santos Isabel K. F. M. , Russo Elisa M. S. , Cardoso Cristina R. B. , Sorgi Carlos A. , Faccioli Lúcia H. , Bonato Vânia L. D. , Dias‐Baruffi Marcelo ,   in collaboration with the ImmunoCOVID study group
Published: February 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with the host immune response heterogeneity. Despite the advances in COVID‐19 research, it is still crucial to seek a panel of molecular markers that enable accurate stratification of COVID‐19 patients. Here, we performed a study that combined analysis of blood transcriptome, demographic data, clinical aspects and laboratory findings from 66 participants classified into different degrees of COVID‐19 severity and healthy subjects. We identified a perturbation in blood‐leukocyte transcriptional profile associated with COVID‐19 aggravation, which was mainly related to processes that disfavoured lymphocyte activation and favoured neutrophil activation. This transcriptional profile stratified patients according to COVID‐19 severity. Hence, it enabled identification of a turning point in transcriptional dynamics that distinguished disease outcomes and non‐hospitalized from hospitalized moderate patients. Central genes of this unique neutrophil signature were S100A9, ANXA3, CEACAM6, VNN1, OLFM4, IL1R2, TCN1 and CD177. Our study indicates the molecular changes that are linked with the differing clinical aspects presented by humans when suffering from COVID‐19, which involve neutrophil activation.
Third Country Access to EU Agencies: Exploring Spaces for Influence
Authors: Lavenex Sandra , Lutz Philipp 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEU decentralised agencies dispose of a wide network of external relations giving third countries various degrees of access to their management boards, secondary bodies and/or operational cooperation. These venues constitute hitherto under‐explored opportunities for third country influence on EU laws and policies. Based on an original dataset, this article maps the widening scope and depth of third country de jure access to 26 EU agencies over time and provides first explanations for the variation across agencies and countries. We find that agency autonomy and international mandate as well as third country democracy, regulatory capacity, and wealth are positively correlated with access. Whilst the de jure provisions examined in this article capture the formal institutional scope for third country influence, they underline the potential for more detailed case studies on de facto third country influence and its determinants.
Complex adaptive phenomenology: A conceptual framework for healthcare research
Authors: Borghmans Felice , Laletas Stella 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRationaleHealthcare research exploring the lived experiences of health care professionals from different disciplines, such as nursing, medicine, and allied health, has repeatedly highlighted many methodological challenges, especially in understanding the individual human experience within complex systems. In response, complexity theory and phenomenological approaches emerged and evolved in ways that potentially offered researchers frameworks to inform an understanding of the individual human experience. However, while these two theoretical approaches inform a method of inquiry, there is a gap in understanding the phenomenon of ‘being’ and how this is embodied within complex systems such as the healthcare system.The Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to present an integrated theoretical framework, namely complex adaptive phenomenology (CAP). CAP aims to address this inquiry gap by offering a structured conceptual framework wherein complexity theory and phenomenology are complementary but multi‐dimensional. The key objective of CAP was to synthesize and integrate two methods of inquiry that examine the relational aspects of ‘being’, that is the gestalt of perception, action, and context, The authors argue that CAP is well‐suited to complex research contexts such as healthcare. The framework focuses on the reciprocal, co‐constructive relationships extant between perception, meaning, context, and action that shape experiences of ‘being’ within complex systems. Complexity theory's connectionist orientation explains the relationships that are formative of the experience of being, while phenomenology explores the manifestations of these formative relationships by attending to the notion of ‘being’ itself.ConclusionThe authors propose that an integrated framework, of phenomenology and complexity theory, can provide a platform for deeper understandings of the experiences of health professionals and contribute to healthcare scholarship.