bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size effects of silica on the viscosity of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene and its disentanglement mechanism
Authors: Li Jiangshan , Du Yue , Liu Tao , Zhao Shicheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe viscosity of the polymer composites is closely related to the size effect of the filler. In this study, the size effects of silica fillers on the viscosity of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was investigated. The addition of 200 nm and 5 μm silica increase the viscosity, but the 7 nm silica can significantly decrease the viscosity. In order to understand the mechanism of this phenomenon, the multilevel factors of the sample in terms of matrix structure (amorphous phase entanglement, mesophase and crystalline region content) and the mobility of chain segments were analyzed. Rheology and DMA tests have shown that silica affects viscosity mainly by influencing the entanglement in the amorphous phase. Raman tests show that 7 nm silica decrease the viscosity mainly by affecting the content of the mesophase and the mobility of the chain segments in the amorphous region. The annealing process was investigated by Flash DSC, and it was found that 7 nm SiO2 can accelerate the mobility of UHMWPE chains to form a larger recrystallization area, and the addition of 200 nm and 5 μm SiO2 did not show a similar phenomenon, proving the strong size effect of SiO2 on the viscosity and disentanglement of UHMWPE.
Pultrusion preparation and properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid thermoplastic composites
Authors: Li Peipei , Ma Jie , He Libo , Wu Shizhe , Yang Peiquan , Zhao Lihui , Zhang Yagang , Zhu Yabin , Tan Hongsheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractContinuous glass fiber (CGF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic composites (CGF/PLA) were prepared through the pultrusion process. The effects of processing temperature, tension, traction speed and CGF weight content on the tensile strength of CGF/PLA were carefully studied and systematically optimized. The results indicated that the tensile strength and storage modulus of the CGF/PLA were the highest and respectively reached up to 186.4 MPa and 17.5 GPa when the processing temperature was 220°C, the tension force was 11 N, the traction speed was 3 r/min and the CGF content was about 40.0 wt.%. In addition, it was found that the tensile strength of CGF/PLA increased with the rise of the processing temperature and CGF content. Those above results demonstrated that this pultrusion fabrication strategy of CGF/PLA could promote a low‐cost and high‐strength method for the industrial fabrication of CGF/PLA with desired properties, and thus opening possibilities for the rational design and pultrusion preparation of CGF/PLA.
Zn(II)‐Dipicolylamine‐Attached Amphiphilic Polythiophene for Quantitative Pattern Recognition of Oxyanions in Mixtures
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Ohshiro Kohei , Okabe Kiyosumi , Lyu Xiaojun , Tsuchiya Kazuhiko , Matsumoto Akira , Takizawa Shin‐ya , Minami Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, we propose a novel amphiphilic polythiophene‐based chemosensor functionalized with a Zn(II)‐dipicolylamine side chain (1poly ⋅ Zn) for the pattern recognition of oxyanions. Optical changes in amphiphilic 1poly ⋅ Zn can be induced by the formation of a random coil from a backbone‐planarized structure upon the addition of target oxyanions, which results in blueshifts in the UV‐vis absorption spectra and turn‐on‐type fluorescence responses. Dynamic behavior in a polythiophene wire and/or among wires could be a driving force for obtaining visible color changes, while the molecular wire effect is dominant in obtaining fluorescence sensor responses. Notably, the magnitude of optical changes in 1poly ⋅ Zn has depended on differences in properties of oxyanions, such as their binding affinity, hydrophilicity, and molecular geometry. Thus, various colorimetric and fluorescence response patterns of 1poly ⋅ Zn to oxyanions were obtained, albeit using a single chemosensor. A constructed information‐rich dataset was applied to pattern recognition for the simultaneous group categorization of phosphate and carboxylate groups and the prediction of similar structural oxyanions at a different order of concentrations in their mixture solutions.
Blinded sample size recalculation in multiple composite population designs with normal data and baseline adjustments
Authors: Gera Roland G. , Friede Tim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe increasing interest in subpopulation analysis has led to the development of various new trial designs and analysis methods in the fields of personalized medicine and targeted therapies. In this paper, subpopulations are defined in terms of an accumulation of disjoint population subsets and will therefore be called composite populations. The proposed trial design is applicable to any set of composite populations, considering normally distributed endpoints and random baseline covariates. Treatment effects for composite populations are tested by combining p‐values, calculated on the subset levels, using the inverse normal combination function to generate test statistics for those composite populations while the closed testing procedure accounts for multiple testing. Critical boundaries for intersection hypothesis tests are derived using multivariate normal distributions, reflecting the joint distribution of composite population test statistics given no treatment effect exists. For sample size calculation and sample size, recalculation multivariate normal distributions are derived which describe the joint distribution of composite population test statistics under an assumed alternative hypothesis. Simulations demonstrate the absence of any practical relevant inflation of the type I error rate. The target power after sample size recalculation is typically met or close to being met.
TITE‐gBOIN‐ET: Time‐to‐event generalized Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate dose‐finding accounting for ordinal graded efficacy and toxicity outcomes
Authors: Takeda Kentaro , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Taguri Masataka , Morita Satoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne of the primary objectives of an oncology dose‐finding trial for novel therapies, such as molecular‐targeted agents and immune‐oncology therapies, is to identify an optimal dose (OD) that is tolerable and therapeutically beneficial for subjects in subsequent clinical trials. These new therapeutic agents appear more likely to induce multiple low or moderate‐grade toxicities than dose‐limiting toxicities. Besides, for efficacy, evaluating the overall response and long‐term stable disease in solid tumors and considering the difference between complete remission and partial remission in lymphoma are preferable. It is also essential to accelerate early‐stage trials to shorten the entire period of drug development. However, it is often challenging to make real‐time adaptive decisions due to late‐onset outcomes, fast accrual rates, and differences in outcome evaluation periods for efficacy and toxicity. To solve the issues, we propose a time‐to‐event generalized Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate dose finding, accounting for efficacy and toxicity grades. The new design named “TITE‐gBOIN‐ET” design is model‐assisted and straightforward to implement in actual oncology dose‐finding trials. Simulation studies show that the TITE‐gBOIN‐ET design significantly shortens the trial duration compared with the designs without sequential enrollment while having comparable or higher performance in the percentage of correct OD selection and the average number of patients allocated to the ODs across various realistic settings.
Relationship between carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and dual‐system imbalance in tobacco dependence: An rs‐fMRI research
Authors: Tan Qiaowen , Li Shaoke , Yu Mengqian , Zhao Jingyi , Chi Xiaosa , Han Yan , Guo Zongjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeAccording to the classic cognitive behavioral theory proposes, dysfunctional goal‐directed and habit control systems are considered central to the pathogenesis of dependent behavior and impair recovery from addictions. The functional connectivity (FC) of the brain circuits for goal‐directed or habitual behavior has not been clearly reported in tobacco‐dependent groups. Smoking is one of the factors in the formation of atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that the thickness of carotid intima‐media (cIMT) is associated with attention‐executive‐psychomotor functioning. Therefore, we hypothesized whether cIMT in tobacco‐dependent individuals is associated with changes in the FC of the dual‐system network.MethodsA total of 29 male tobacco‐dependent subjects (tobacco‐dependent group) (mean age: 64.20 years, standard deviation [SD]: 4.81 years) underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). Exactly 28 male nonsmokers (control group) (mean age: 61.95 years, SD: 5.52 years) were also recruited to undergo rs‐fMRI. We used the dorsolateral striatum (putamen) and dorsomedial striatum (caudate) as regions of interest for whole‐brain resting‐state connectivity to construct habitual and goal‐directed brain networks, respectively. In addition, all participants were evaluated by carotid artery ultrasound to obtain the cIMT values. Then, we compared the dual‐system brain networks between the tobacco dependence and control groups and the relationship between cIMT and imbalance of dual‐system brain networks in tobacco dependence.ResultsThe results showed a reduction in the connection between the caudate and precuneus and an increased connection between the putamen and prefrontal cortex; and supplementary motor area. The bilateral connectivity between the caudate and inferior frontal gyrus showed a significant negative correlation with the cIMT, and no positive correlation was observed with cIMT in the brain region that connects to the caudate. However, for the putamen, increased connectivity with the inferior temporal and medial frontal gyri was strongly associated with a high cIMT.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the formation of tobacco dependence behavior is related to changes in the dual‐system brain network. Carotid sclerosis is associated with the weakening of the goal‐directed network and enhancement of the habit network in tobacco dependence. This finding suggests that tobacco dependence behavior and clinical vascular diseases are related to changes in brain functional networks.
Solidarity with everyone? Intergroup helping and COVID‐19
Authors: Yemane Ruta , Arnu Hannah , Aithal Lara , Rees Jonas , Veit Susanne , Wölfer Ralf 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates peoples' prosocial attitudes and real‐life prosocial behaviour towards different ethnic groups during the COVID‐19 pandemic, taking Germany as an empirical example. In a preregistered multi‐study design, we examined: (a) who receives help, (b) who helps and (c) what explains prosocial behaviour. In study 1, we conducted a large‐scale, nation‐wide field experiment (1,980 help requests across 11 cities, resulting in 769 help offers in response). In study 2, we conducted an online survey with a general population sample (N = 1,033, Mage = 40 years, 43% females). Tests of proportions revealed high levels of prosocial attitudes as well as behaviour, favouring the ethnic ingroup (study 1), while regression analysis highlights the importance of empathy, compared to other theoretical predictors, for explaining prosocial behaviour (study 2). Findings underscore the relevance of ethnic boundaries during the pandemic crisis: Ethnic minority members benefit less from solidarity than ethnic majority members. However, we observe an attitude‐behaviour gap between field experimental and survey data, indicating the importance of observational studies when studying prosocial behaviour during the pandemic. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Avengers, assemble the literature! A multi‐study review of consumption, environmental values, and planetary health research
Authors: Lim Weng Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMother Earth is dying. Humanity needs to step up. Otherwise, the planet we call home will soon be uninhabitable. The destiny of our planet inarguably depends on consumers, as their choices have the power to turn them into eco‐superheroes (sustainable consumption) or eco‐villains (unsustainable consumption). This article aims to review the current progress of consumption research and propose strategies to inspire consumers to embrace their inner eco‐warrior spirit, fostering sustainable behavior that protects the environment and supports human well‐being. To achieve this, this article employs an integrative approach, merging a meta‐perspective on theoretical development with a multi‐study methodological approach. Harnessing the power of scientometrics, this article delivers meta‐insights from a multi‐study analysis on consumption trends in relation to environmental values (micro‐perspective; Study 1) and planetary health (macro‐perspective; Study 2). These findings pave the way for future research and intervention strategies designed to nurture ecological sustainability and unleash the eco‐warrior in every consumer.
Macrophage Gpx4 deficiency aggravates foam cell formation by regulating the expression of scavenger receptors, ABCA1, and ABCG1
Authors: Zhou Jingquan , Wu Suhua , Chen Xiaoqin , Hou Lianjie , Zhong Qiong , Luo Weixia , Dai Chunni , Dai Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMacrophage‐derived foam cell formation is critical for the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, which contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a crucial ferroptosis regulator, protects cells from excessive oxidative stress by neutralizing lipid peroxidation. However, the role of macrophage GPX4 in foam cell formation remains unknown. We reported that oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) upregulated GPX4 expression in macrophages. Using the Cre‐loxP system, we generated myeloid cell‐specific Gpx4 knockout (Gpx4myel‐KO) mice. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated from WT and Gpx4myel‐KO mice and incubated with modified low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). We found that Gpx4 deficiency promoted foam cell formation and increased the internalization of modified LDL. Mechanistic studies unveiled that Gpx4 knockout upregulated scavenger receptor type A and LOX‐1 expression and downregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. Collectively, our study lends a novel insight into the role of GPX4 in suppressing macrophage‐derived foam cell formation and suggests GPX4 as a promising therapeutic target to interfere with atherosclerosis‐related diseases.
Teaching anti‐racist counseling theories: Black liberation narrative therapy
Authors: Haskins Natoya Hill , Harris Janee’ Advent , Parker Janise , Nambiar Aishwarya , Chin Philippa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCounseling theories created by White theorists have traditionally failed to consider the religious or spiritual experiences of Black clients. Integration of Black liberation theology and narrative therapy provides a novel approach to support counseling trainees in meeting the needs of Black clients. Decolonizing therapeutic strategies are presented along with counselor educator recommendations.
Microbial Electrochemical Systems and Membrane Bioreactor Technology for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Daud Siti Mariam , Zainon Noor Zainura , Ahmad Mutamim Noor Sabrina , Baharuddin Nurul Huda , Faizal Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd , Aris Azmi , Ibrahim Rabialtu Sulihah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMembrane bioreactors (MBRs) and microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) are promising technologies for wastewater treatment and generation of electricity from organic matter. The application of MBRs is limited due to membrane fouling and high energy consumption. The novel design of the coupling system of microbial fuel cell and membrane bioreactor (MFC‐MBR), which efficiently combines microbial degradation in MFCs and uses the microelectric field to reduce and mitigate membrane fouling in MBR. The fundamentals of extracellular electron transport, the performance of MFCs, different types of MBR systems, and the novelty of the MFC‐MBR coupling system for wastewater treatment are reviewed.
Efficient, Stable, and Solvent‐Free Synthesized Single‐Atom Catalysts: Carbonized Transition Metal‐Doped ZIF‐8 for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction**
Authors: Dürr Robin N. , Stéphan Emma , Leroy Jocelyne , Oswald Frédéric , Verhaeghe Bénédicte , Jousselme Bruno 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein we present non‐noble metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs) based on carbonized transition metal‐doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as stable and efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic media. In this work, earth‐abundant metals are embedded in a porous N‐rich carbon matrix by pyrolyzing metal‐doped ZIF structures and characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical methods. The complete synthesis of these high surface area SACs was carried out without any solvents and hence offers a promising route for a more sustainable catalyst production and industrial upscaling. As the best‐performing catalyst, cobalt SAC illustrated already with a low cobalt loading of <0.3 at.% a substantial increase in activity with an overpotential of −322 mV for −10 mA cm−2, and high stability during electrolysis at −10 mA cm−2 for 12 h in acidic media, with only a small decrease of 33 mV to more negative potentials after the initiation period.
A Review of Reagents for Fluorescence Microscopy of Cellular Compartments and Structures, Part I: BacMam Labeling and Reagents for Vesicular Structures
Authors: Dolman Nick J. , Kilgore Jason A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFluorescent labeling of vesicular structures in cultured cells, particularly for live cells, can be challenging for a number of reasons. The first challenge is to identify a reagent that will be specific enough where some structures have a number of potential reagents and others very few options. The emergence of BacMam constructs has provided more easy‐to‐use choices. Presented here is a discussion of BacMam constructs as well as a review of commercially available reagents for labeling vesicular structures in cells, including endosomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes, and autophagosomes, complete with a featured reagent, recommended protocol, troubleshooting guide, and example image for each structure. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Delivering targeted fluorescent proteins using pre‐made, high‐titer BacMam constructsAlternate Protocol 1: Non‐pseudo‐typed BacMam viruses in standard cell types and pseudo‐typed BacMam viruses in hard‐to‐transduce cell typesBasic Protocol 2: Labeling endosomes: pHrodo™‐10k‐dextranBasic Protocol 3: Labeling peroxisomes: BacMam 2.0 CellLight™ Peroxisome‐GFPAlternate Protocol 2: Labeling peroxisomes using antibodiesBasic Protocol 4: Labeling autophagosomes: Transduction of cells with Premo™ Autophagy Sensor GFP‐LC3BAlternate Protocol 3: Labeling autophagosomes using antibodiesBasic Protocol 5: Labeling lysosomes: LysoTracker Red DND‐99
A Review of Reagents for Fluorescence Microscopy of Cellular Compartments and Structures, Part II: Reagents for Non‐Vesicular Organelles
Authors: Kilgore Jason A. , Dolman Nick J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA wide range of fluorescent dyes and reagents exist for labeling organelles in live and fixed cells. Choosing between them can lead to confusion, and optimization for many of them can be challenging. Presented here is a discussion on the commercially available reagents that have shown the most promise for each organelle of interest, including endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear membrane, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleoli, and nuclei, with an emphasis on localization of these structures for microscopy. Included is a featured reagent for each structure with a recommended protocol, troubleshooting guide, and example image. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane labeling using ER‐Tracker reagentsBasic Protocol 2: Labeling Golgi apparatus using dye‐labeled ceramidesBasic Protocol 3: Labeling mitochondria using MitoTracker Red CMXRosBasic Protocol 4: Labeling nucleoli using SYTO RNASelect Green
A Review of Reagents for Fluorescence Microscopy of Cellular Compartments and Structures, Part III: Reagents for Actin, Tubulin, Cellular Membranes, and Whole Cell and Cytoplasm
Authors: Golub Oggie , Kilgore Jason A. , Dolman Nick J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon‐antibody commercial fluorescent reagents for imaging of cytoskeletal structures have been limited primarily to labeling tubulin and actin, with the key factor in choice based mainly on whether cells are live or fixed and permeabilized. A wider range of options exists for cell membrane dyes, and the choice of reagent primarily depends on the preferred localization in the cell (i.e., all membranes or only the plasma membrane) and usage (i.e., whether the protocol involves fixation and permeabilization). For whole‐cell or cytoplasmic imaging, the choice of reagent is determined mostly by the length of time that the cells need to be visualized (hours or days) and by fixation status. Presented here is a discussion on choosing commercially available reagents for labeling these cellular structures, with an emphasis on use for microscopic imaging, with a featured reagent, recommended protocol, troubleshooting guide, and example image for each structure. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Actin labelingBasic Protocol 2: Wheat germ agglutinin conjugates for plasma membrane labelingBasic Protocol 3: Labeling tubulin microtubules with Tubulin Tracker Deep RedBasic Protocol 4: Labeling whole cells or cytoplasm with 5(6)‐CFDA SE
Detecting GPCR Signals With Optical Biosensors of Gα‐GTP in Cell Lines and Primary Cell Cultures
Authors: Janicot Remi , Park Jong‐Chan , Garcia‐Marcos Mikel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractG protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of transmembrane receptors and mediate a wide variety of physiological processes. GPCRs respond to a plethora of extracellular ligands and initiate signaling pathways inside cells via heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ). Because of the critical role GPCRs play in regulating biological processes and as pharmacological targets, the availability of tools to measure their signaling activity are of high interest. Live‐cell biosensors that detect the activity of G proteins in response to GPCR stimulation have emerged as a powerful approach to investigate GPCR/G protein signaling. Here, we detail methods to monitor G protein activity through direct measurement of GTP‐bound Gα subunits using optical biosensors based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). More specifically, this article describes the use of two types of complementary biosensors. The first protocol explains how to use a multicomponent BRET biosensor that relies on expression of exogenous G proteins in cell lines. This protocol yields robust responses that are compatible with endpoint measurements of dose‐dependent ligand effects or with kinetic measurements of subsecond resolution. The second protocol describes the implementation of unimolecular biosensors that detect the activation of endogenous G proteins in cell lines expressing exogenous GPCRs or in primary cells upon stimulation of endogenous GPCRs. Overall, using the biosensors as described in this article will help users characterize the mechanisms of action of many pharmacological agents and natural ligands that modulate GPCR and G protein signaling with high precision. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Using bimolecular BRET biosensors to monitor Gα‐GTP formation of tagged Gα in live cellsAlternate Protocol 1: Measuring GPCR dose‐dependent Gα‐GTP responses in endpoint formatBasic Protocol 2: Using unimolecular BRET biosensors to study endogenous G protein activityAlternate Protocol 2: Using unimolecular BRET biosensors to study endogenous G protein activity in mouse cortical neurons