bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMITH AT 300: COMMERCIAL SOCIETY AND THE WOMEN’S QUESTION
Authors: Kuchař Pavel 
Published: February 2023

Adam Smith’s views on inequality have recently been examined with some interest (Rasmussen 2016; Walraevens 2021). But was Smith really genuinely interested in addressing the shortcomings of the society built on the “liberal plan of equality, liberty and justice” (Smith 1975, Wealth of Nations; WN IV.ix)? While critical accounts of Smith’s thought may tend to zero in on his concerns with absolute poverty—or the equality in the “share of the necessaries of life” (Smith 1976, Theory of Moral Sentiments; TMS IV.1.10)—rather than economic inequality, they may perhaps also tend to confuse his account of our tendencies to admire the rich and powerful with the advocacy of a system in which the rich and powerful ride roughshod over the poor and disempowered as long as the order of the society founded on the “distinction of ranks” (TMS I.iii.2) is preserved.
Evaluating a novel hospital-based online health community to address palliative and psychosocial care factors for chronically ill adolescent and young adult patients
Authors: LeBeau Kelsea , Collins Sarah , Zori Gaia , Walker Drew , Marchi Emily , Pomeranz Jamie L. , Hart Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesChronically ill adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients experience barriers to accessing psychosocial care. AYAs who receive palliative and psychosocial care experience numerous benefits from these services. However, we still lack research investigating age-appropriate programs targeting AYAs’ psychosocial needs that are delivered virtually and extend beyond the hospital setting. Streetlight is a palliative care program designed for chronically ill AYAs that offers the Streetlight Gaming League (SGL), an online health community (OHC) combining peer-based support, online gaming, and community events. We evaluated the usefulness, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of SGL through an assessment of chronically ill AYAs’ lived experiences.MethodsWe used a qualitative evaluation approach grounded in hermeneutic phenomenology. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with 9 chronically ill AYAs to elicit in-depth accounts of their lived experiences of using SGL. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on questionnaire data. Phenomenological data analysis, informed by hermeneutic analysis, was used to analyze interviews.ResultsAYAs reported positive experiences with SGL and valued the ability to engage in various content while having few participation expectations. They also described psychosocial benefits, including reprieve from illness, sense of community, and solidarity through mutual understandings and shared experiences.Significance of the resultsFindings highlight the usefulness and acceptability of a virtual palliative psychosocial care program for chronically ill AYAs. Findings also suggest the effectiveness of SGL and support using an OHC to meet the psychosocial needs of AYAs. This study can guide future programming and implementation of online palliative psychosocial care programs in other hospital settings, resulting in similar beneficial and meaningful experiences.
The new magnetar SGR J1830–0645 in outburst
Authors: Coti Zelati Francesco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe magnetar SGR J1830–0645 was discovered in outburst in October 2020. We studied its X-ray properties during the first month of the outburst using XMM–Newton, NuSTAR and Swift observations. The shape and amplitude of the pulse profile varied significantly with energy. The broadband spectrum was well described using two absorbed blackbody components plus a faint power law component at high energies. Phase-resolved spectral analysis of the data suggests that the emission could be attributed to thermal photons from a single heated region with a complex shape on the star surface undergoing resonant Compton scattering on charged particles located in the magnetosphere. Modelling the evolutionary path of the magnetar with our magneto-thermal evolutionary codes indicates that SGR J1830 was born ≈23 kyr ago with a dipolar magnetic field of ∼1015 G, slightly larger than the current value.
Polarized emission from strongly magnetized sources
Authors: Taverna Roberto , Turolla Roberto , Zane Silvia , Suleimanov Valery , Potekhin Alexander Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and Soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) form together a single class of astrophysical sources, commonly associated to magnetars. New-generation X-ray polarimeters will play a key role in assessing the nature of these sources by directly probing the star magnetic field. In the highly magnetized environment radiation is expected to be strongly polarized and such a measure will be easily within reach of IXPE and eXTP. Polarization measurements will eventually confirm the presence of ultra-strong magnetic fields, probing the magnetar scenario. In this work we will discuss theoretical expectations for the polarization signature of AXPs and SGRs and present numerical simulations for the detector response of the polarimeters currently under construction. We will also show how these sources can be used to test vacuum birefringence, a QED effect predicted by Heisemberg and Euler in the Thirties and not experimentally verified as yet.
Silicon K-edge Dust Properties of Neutron Star Low-mass X-ray Binaries
Authors: Danehkar A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe dust properties of the line-of-sight materials in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) can be probed by X-ray observations and laboratory experiments. We use a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to conduct a spectral analysis of Chandra ACIS-S/HETG archival data of a sample of LMXBs, including GX 5-1 and GX 13+1. Our MCMC-based analysis puts constraints on the Si K-edge dust properties of the outflowing disk winds in this sample. Further X-ray observations of other LMXBs will help us better understand the grain features of dense outflows and accretion flows in neutron star binary systems.
Kilonovae and short GRBs observations in the multi-messenger era
Authors: D’Avanzo Paolo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe spectacular detection of the first electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational wave event detected by the LIGO/Virgo interferometers and originated by the coalescence of a double neutron star (NS) system (GW 170817) marked the dawn of a new era for astronomy. The short GRB 170817A associated to the gravitational wave event provided the long-sought evidence that at least a fraction of short GRBs are originated by NS-NS merging and suggested the intriguing possibility that relativistic jets can be launched in the process of a NS-NS merger. The wealth of data collected provided the first compelling observational evidence for the existence of kilonovae, i.e. the emission due to radioactive decay of heavy nuclei produced through rapid neutron capture. Besides the remarkable event associated to GW 170817, kilonova signatures have been identified in a few short GRBs light curves, supporting a scenario where kilonovae are ubiquitous and can probe neutron star mergers well beyond the horizon of the gravitational wave detectors. In this paper I will review the situation and perspectives of our understanding of short GRBs progenitors and kilonovae in the multi-messenger era.
The non-trivial magnetic configuration in neutron stars
Authors: Viganò Daniele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile predominantly dipolar, large-scale magnetic fields are usually assumed in most studies involving neutron stars, there are multiple observational, theoretical hints and numerical simulations highlightening the importance of non-dipolar components. I review here the most important observational facts and numerical studies pointing towards the existence of magnetospheric currents and internal small-scale structures, arising from multipoles of poloidal and toroidal fields. This holds for all neutron star stages: at birth, during their lifetime and after a merger.
IXPE Simulations for magnetars
Authors: González-Caniulef Denis , Caiazzo Ilaria , Heyl Jeremy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to the rich phenomenology and extreme magnetic conditions, magnetars will be targets of great interest for the upcoming polarimetry space missions. In particular, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), recently launched in December 2021, will operate in the 2–8 keV range. This will open a new window to study the polarized, persistent X-ray emission from magnetars. In this talk, I will present simulations of IXPE observations of magnetars using the IXPEObsSim package. I will discuss future prospect to discriminate between different magnetar’s emission mechanisms, as well as a potential detection of the signal of vacuum birefringence using IXPE.
The neutron star neutron star merger GW170817: a multi–messenger study
Authors: Gianfagna Giulia , Piro Luigi , Troja Eleonora , van Eerten Hendrik , Ryan Geoffrey , Ricci Fulvio , Pannarale Francesco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe join gravitational-wave and electromagnetic data to implement a combined simultaneous fit of the GW170817 event. The LIGO-Virgo analysis includes the estimation of the inclination, the angle of the binary with respect to the gravitationa-wave detector network line of sight. From the observations of the afterglow, instead, we can recover the viewing angle. The inclination and the viewing angle are supplementary angles, and can be treated as a single parameter. The value of the inclination that we recover from the fit is in agreement with the LIGO-Virgo previous works, with an uncertainty that is 10-fold smaller, thanks to contribution of the electromagnetic data. Moreover, with the inclusion of the gravitational-wave data, the degeneracy between the viewing angle and the jet opening angle is broken. This procedure is useful not only for analyzing GW170817, but any gravitational-wave event with an electromagnetic counterpart.
Polarized Radiation Signals from Highly Magnetized Neutron Star Surfaces
Authors: Hu Kun , Baring Matthew G. , Barchas Joseph A. , Younes George 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe surfaces of neutron stars are likely sources of strongly polarized soft X rays due to the presence of strong magnetic fields. Scattering transport in the surface layers is critical to the determination of the emergent anisotropy of light intensity, and is strongly influenced by the complicated interplay between linear and circular polarization information. We have developed a magnetic Thomson scattering simulation to model the outer layers of fully-ionized atmospheres in such compact objects. Here we summarize emergent intensities and polarizations from extended atmospheric simulations, spanning considerable ranges of magnetic colatitudes. General relativistic propagation of light from the surface to infinity is fully included. The net polarization degrees are moderate and not very small when summing over a variety of field directions. These results provide an important foundation for observations of magnetars to be acquired by NASA’s new IXPE X-ray polarimeter and future X-ray polarimetry missions.
Radio afterglows of Very High Energy Gamma-ray Bursts
Authors: Rhodes Lauren , van der Horst Alexander , Fender Rob 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFive long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been found to have very high energy (VHE, > 100GeV) counterparts. Interestingly, more than one emission mechanism has been invoked to explain the VHE counterpart from different events. As a result of this discovery, it has become apparent that we have been missing half of the energy produced in the afterglow of GRBs. We have been studying the radio afterglows in order to investigate whether these VHE GRBs have unusual jet properties. Studying these events in the radio waveband is advantageous as the emission at lower frequencies is brighter for longer enabling detailed, long term study of the jet evolution. The jet properties and environments of these GRBs vary hugely in a similar manner to that seen in the ‘regular’ long GRB population with evidence of bright reverse shock emission and multiple jet components. This work is presented on behalf of a much larger collaboration.
Modeling kilonova emission from neutron star mergers
Authors: Tanaka Masaomi , Kato Daiji , Gaigalas Gediminas , Kawaguchi Kyohei , Radžiūtė Laima , Rynkun Pavel , Banerjee Smaranika , Domoto Nanae 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoalescence of binary neutron stars gives rise to kilonova, thermal emission powered by radioactive decays of newly synthesized r-process nuclei. Observational properties of kilonova are largely affected by bound-bound opacities of r-process elements. It is, thus, important to understand atomic properties of heavy elements to link the observed signals with nucleosynthesis of neutron star mergers. In this paper, we introduce the latest status of kilonova modeling by focusing on the aspects of atomic physics. We perform systematic atomic structure calculations of r-process elements to understand element-to-element variation in the opacities. We demonstrate that the properties of the atomic structure of heavy elements are imprinted in the opacities of the neutron star merger ejecta and consequently in the kilonova light curves and spectra. Using this latest opacity dataset, we briefly discuss implications for GW170817, expected diversity of kilonova emission, and prospects for element identification in kilonova spectra.
Improving agnostic searches of Gravitational Waves from Neutron Star instabilities using image filtering
Authors: Pierini Lorenzo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper I present a method to enhance the search sensitivity for long transient Gravitational Waves produced by Neutron Star instabilities. This method consists in a selective image filter, called Triangular Filter, to be applied to data spectrograms. It is shown that thanks to this implementation a ∼20% gain in sensitivity is achievable.
NS parameters from IXPE data of AMPs
Authors: Di Marco Alessandro , Papitto Alessandro , Pilia Maura , Poutanen Juri , Salmi Tuomo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIXPE is a NASA/ASI Small Explorer Mission. It will probe the X-ray polarization properties of celestial sources. In particular, for Accretion-powered Millisecond Pulsars (AMPs), IXPE can provide us with unique information on their geometry. These information together with pulse shape modelling will strongly boost the achievable sensitivity on measuring the AMPs mass and the radius. As a case-study, we simulated an observation of SAXJ1808.4-3658 and studied the accuracy that can be achieved in the measured time-dependent Stokes profiles. From these data we estimated how well IXPE will be able to constraint NS geometrical parameters, such as the inclination and hot-spot co-latitude angles.
Constraining three-nucleon forces with multimessenger data
Authors: Sabatucci Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA detailed description of the properties of dense matter in extreme conditions, as those within Neutron Star cores, is still an open problem, whose solution is hampered by both the lack of empirical data, and by the difficulties in developing a suitable theoretical framework for the microscopic nuclear dynamics in such regimes.We report here the results of a study aimed at inferring the properties of the repulsive three-nucleon interaction, driving the stiffness of the equation of state at high densities, by performing bayesian inference on current and future astrophysical observations.
The environments and hosts of neutron star mergers and short GRBs
Authors: Thöne Christina C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe hosts of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers and hence short GRBs are not only galaxies with old stellar populations, infact most short GRB hosts are at least mildly star-forming galaxies. According to theoretical studies of merger populations, both short and long merging time-scales are expected. The immediate environments of BNS mergers are not as directly related to the property of the progenitor system as for long GRBs, since the system usually travelled a significant distance from their birth place. However, studying the stellar population properties across the host can still give us vital information on the contribution of formation channels and on merger timescales. Here we review the properties of NS merger hosts in emission using integrated-light and resolved observations. The afterglows of short GRBs furthermore serve to study the interstellar medium in their host galaxies in absorption. We present our best example to date, GRB 160410A at z = 1.7, one of the highest redshift short GRBs.
Equation-of-State effects on Gravitational Waves in Core-Collapse Supernovae
Authors: Eggenberger Andersen Oliver , Zha Shuai , da Silva Schneider André , Betranhandy Aurore , Couch Sean M. , O’Connor Evan P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe nuclear equation-of-state (EOS) describing newly formed proto-neutron stars (PNSs) in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) is yet uncertain, and varying its prescription affects multimessenger signatures in CCSN simulations. Focusing on the gravitational wave (GW) signal, we demonstrate the effect of varying parameter values in the EOS. We conclude that an especially important parameter is the effective mass of nucleons which affect thermal properties and subsequently the PNS compactness, regulating the GW signal in both amplitude and frequency. By radially decomposing the GW emission, we show where in the PNS the GWs originate from.
Force-free and twisted, relativistic neutron star magnetosphere
Authors: Ntotsikas Dimitris , Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this poster we present the structure of an axisymmetric, force-free magnetosphere of a twisted, aligned rotating dipole within a corotating plasma-filled magnetosphere. We explore various profiles for the twist. We find that as the current increases more field lines cross the light cylinder leading to more efficient spin-down. Moreover, we notice that the twist cannot be increased indefinitely and after a finite twist of about π/2 the field becomes approximately radial. This could have implications for torque variations of magnetars related to outbursts.
Heating from Electron Captures by Nuclei in Magnetar Crusts
Authors: Chamel Nicolas , Fantina Anthea Francesca , Suleiman Lami , Zdunik Julian-Leszek , Haensel Pawel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe decay of the magnetic field in the interior of a magnetar may trigger electron captures by nuclei in the stellar crust, thus providing an internal source of heating. In turn, the onset of electron captures and the heat released are altered by the magnetic field due to the Landau–Rabi quantization of electron motion. The loss of magnetic pressure might also lead to pycnonuclear fusions of the lightest elements. The maximum amount of heat that can be possibly released by each reaction and their location are calculated using nuclear data from both experiments and theoretical predictions of the Brussels-Montreal models based on self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations. Results are found to be consistent with those inferred empirically by comparing neutron-star cooling simulations with observed thermal luminosity of soft gamma-ray repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars.
Importance of electron-positron pairs on the maximum possible luminosity of the accretion columns in ULXs
Authors: Suleimanov Valery F. , Mushtukov Alexander , Ognev Igor , Doroshenko Victor A. , Werner Klaus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the models explaining the high luminosity of pulsing ultra-luminous X-ray sources (pULXs) was suggested by Mushtukov et al. (2015). They showed that the accretion columns on the surfaces of highly magnetized neutron stars can be very luminous due to opacity reduction in the high magnetic field. However, a strong magnetic field leads also to amplification of the electron-positron pairs creation. Therefore, increasing of the electron and positron number densities compensates the cross-section reduction, and the electron scattering opacity does not decrease with the magnetic field magnification. As a result, the maximum possible luminosity of the accretion column does not increase with the magnetic field. It ranges between 1040 − 1041 erg s−1 depending only slightly on the magnetic field strength.
Astrophysical entomology: dissecting the black widow population through multi-band light curve modelling
Authors: Mata Sánchez Daniel , Kennedy Mark R. , Clark Colin J. , Breton Rene P. , Dhillon Vikhram S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe population of black widows, binary systems containing a millisecond pulsar and a very low-mass companion star exposed to the high-energy pulsar wind, has grown exponentially in the past few years. The number of black widow candidates is now over 30 systems, but only 14 have been confirmed so far. Their relevance in analysing the extremes of the neutron stars properties led to multiwavelength dedicated studies that revealed a rich phenomenology. In this work, we provide a glimpse into the black widow class through modelling of high-cadence multi-band light curves of 6 systems, accounting for almost half of the confirmed population. A better understanding of the black widow population, which hosts some of the most massive and fastest spinning neutron stars, will ultimately benefit future modelling of compact object mergers.
PULXs as Accreting Magnetars: Observational Manifestations
Authors: Brice Nabil , Zane Silvia , Taverna Roberto , Turolla Roberto , Wu Kinwah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPulsating Ultra Luminous X-ray sources (PULXs) are thought to be X-ray bright, accreting, magnetized neutron stars, and could be the first and only evidence for the existence of magnetars in binary systems. Their apparent soft (< 20 keV) X-ray luminosity can exceed the Eddington luminosity for a neutron star (NS) by a few orders of magnitude. Although several scenarios have been proposed to explain the different components observed in the X-ray spectra and the characteristics of the X-ray lightcurve of these system, detailed quantitative calculations are still missing. In particular, the observed soft X-ray lightcurves are almost sinuosidal and show an increase in the pulsed fraction (from 8% up to even 30%) with increasing energy. Here, we present how emission originating from an optically thick envelope, expected to be formed during super-Eddington accretion, can result in pulsed fractions similar to observations.
Multi-messenger science with Athena and Future Multi-messenger Observatories
Authors: Piro Luigi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScientific synergies between Athena and some of the key multi-messenger facilities that should be operative concurrently with Athena are presented. These facilities include LIGO A+, Advanced Virgo+ and future detectors for ground-based observation of gravitational waves (GW), LISA for space-based observations of GW, IceCube and KM3NeT for neutrino observations, CTA for very high energy observations. Multimessenger synergy science themes discussed here include pressing issues in the field of Astrophysics, Cosmology and Fundamental physics such as: the central engine and jet physics in compact binary mergers, accretion processes and jet physics in SMBBHs and in compact stellar binaries, the equation of state in neutron stars, cosmic accelerators and the origin of cosmic rays, the origin of intermediate and high-Z elements in the Universe, the Cosmic distance scale and tests of General Relativity and Standard Model. Observational strategies for implementing the identified science topics are also discussed.