bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread Occurrence of Former Anhydrite Phenocrysts in Laramide-Age Magmas Related to Porphyry–Skarn Cu Mineralization at Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro, New Mexico, USA
Authors: Audétat Andreas , Chang Jia , Gaynor Sean P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Reports of magmatic anhydrite are relatively rare, with only ~30 occurrences documented worldwide so far. However, magmatic anhydrite saturation is difficult to recognize because anhydrite decomposes rapidly in near-surface environments. In most cases, only anhydrite inclusions shielded within other phenocryst phases were able to survive. Alternatively, since anhydrite phenocrysts preserved in fresh volcanic rocks are characteristically intergrown with apatite phenocrysts, the former presence of anhydrite phenocrysts can be recognized based on the occurrence of lath-shaped cavities that show a strong spatial association with apatite phenocrysts. These cavities can be either empty or filled with low-temperature, secondary minerals such as zeolites, carbonates, or microcrystalline silica. A systematic search for the occurrence of such cavities, combined with optical and Raman-spectroscopic identification of anhydrite inclusions preserved within apatite, hornblende and quartz phenocrysts, demonstrates that most of the Laramide-age magmas associated with the Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro porphyry–skarn Cu (Zn, Mo, Au, Pb) deposits were saturated in magmatic anhydrite. The anhydrite typically coexisted with monosulfide solid solution (MSS), suggesting oxygen fugacities of ~2.0 ± 0.5 log units above the fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer. The magmas range from andesitic to rhyodacitic in composition, and from shortly pre-mineralization (~61 Ma) to shortly post-mineralization (~57 Ma) in age. In three samples with particularly well-recognizable former anhydrite phenocrysts, their modal abundance could be quantified based on high-resolution scans of polished hand specimens. The observed modal anhydrite abundances of 0.63 to 1.8 vol % translate into minimum magma sulfur contents of 0.20 to 0.56 wt % S. The highest sulfur content of 0.56 wt % S is difficult to reconcile with available anhydrite solubility models, but it could be reproduced in an anhydrite solubility experiment performed at 950°C and 1.15 GPa on a natural latite containing 13.1 wt % dissolved H2O. The sample with the second-highest sulfur content of 0.26 wt % S requires ~10 wt % H2O in the silicate melt, and, consequently, a minimum pressure of ~0.5 GPa. Taken together, the results suggest that the magmas of the Central Mining District were extremely hydrous and thus originated from great depth. Indeed, their major element compositions and reconstructed H2O and S contents agree well with experimentally observed and numerically predicted compositions of residual silicate melts after 50 to 70 wt % crystallization of ordinary arc basalts at high pressure and high oxygen fugacities.
Targeted barcoding of variable antibody domains and individual transcriptomes of the human B-cell repertoire using Link-Seq
Authors: Hu Hongxing , Zhou Fan , Ma Xiaoli , Brokstad Karl Albert , Kolmar Leonie , Girardot Charles , Benes Vladimir , Cox Rebecca J , Merten Christoph A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Here, we present Link-Seq, a highly efficient droplet microfluidic method for combined sequencing of antibody-encoding genes and the transcriptome of individual B cells at large scale. The method is based on 3′ barcoding of the transcriptome and subsequent single-molecule PCR in droplets, which freely shift the barcode along specific gene regions, such as the antibody heavy- and light-chain genes. Using the immune repertoire of COVID-19 patients and healthy donors as a model system, we obtain up to 91.7% correctly paired immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. Furthermore, we map the V(D)J usage and obtain sensitivities comparable with the current gold-standard 10× Genomics commercial systems while offering full flexibility in experimental setup and significant cost savings. A further unique feature of Link-Seq is the possibility of barcoding multiple target genes in a site-specific manner. Based on the open character of the platform and its conceptual advantages, we expect Link-Seq to become a versatile tool for single-cell analysis, especially for applications requiring additional processing steps that cannot be implemented on commercially available platforms.
All's well that ends well? A new holism about lifetime well-Being
Authors: Fletcher Guy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Is there more to how well a life goes overall (its lifetime well-being) than simply the aggregate goodness and badness of its moments (its momentary well-being)? Atomists about lifetime well-being say ‘no’. Holists hold that there is more to lifetime well-being than aggregate momentary well-being (with different holists offering different candidates for why this might be). This paper presents and defends a novel form of holism about lifetime well-being, which I call ‘End of Life’. This is the view that the momentary goodness or badness of the end of lives has a disproportionate effect upon lifetime well-being. More precisely: a welfare subject's level of momentary well-being at the end of their life contributes more to their lifetime well-being than their level of momentary well-being at other points.
Stability conditions in geometric invariant theory
Authors: Dervan Ruadhaí , Ibáñez Núñez Andrés 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We explain how structures analogous to those appearing in the theory of stability conditions on abelian and triangulated categories arise in geometric invariant theory. This leads to an axiomatic notion of a central charge on a scheme with a group action and ultimately to a notion of a stability condition on a stack analogous to that on an abelian category. In the appendix by Ibáñez Núñez, it is explained how central charges can be viewed through the graded points of a stack. We use these ideas to introduce an axiomatic notion of a stability condition for polarized schemes, defined in such a way that K-stability is a special case. In the setting of axiomatic geometric invariant theory on a smooth projective variety, we produce an analytic counterpart to stability and explain the role of the Kempf–Ness theorem. This clarifies many of the structures involved in the study of deformed Hermitian Yang–Mills connections, Z-critical connections and Z-critical Kähler metrics.
How do decision-makers in academic promotion perceive the novel scientometric evaluation in Egypt?
Authors: Farouk Ali Mona 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Research evaluation (RE) has experienced a major global transformation prompted by the emergence and increasing usage of digital citation platforms such as the Web of Science and Scopus, opening up avenues for scientometric evaluation (SE). This relatively novel evaluation method represents an essential pillar for the scientific committees for promotion in Egypt. Following previous recommendations to scrutinize RE systems in their sociocultural contexts, this study attempted to understand the SE perceptions held by these committees’ decision-makers. The study questionnaire was designed to incorporate all factors influencing SE perception and the characteristics of the chairpersons and their committees. Approximately 94% of respondents expressed positive SE perception, suggesting this evaluation’s success and continued use. The significant differences between responses explored were attributed to the international scientific performance of the chairpersons and most of the committees’ characteristics, including specialization and publication pattern and language. Despite the positive trend, some results indicated a degree of resistance to the new evaluation method, particularly in the social sciences, including the arts and humanities. The findings should interest evaluators and policy analysts in the Egyptian higher education and scientific research sector and other countries striving to internationalize this sector and improve the climate of research integrity. Comparable investigations can also utilize the reviewed and validated study instrument.
Differences in phenotypes, treatments, and outcomes of ANCA-associated vasculitis across Europe, Japan and the USA in 2020
Authors: Omura Satoshi , Kida Takashi , Kronbichler Andreas , Geetha Duvuru , Noma Hisashi , Seno Takahiro , Ito-Ihara Toshiko , Yajima Nobuyuki , Kawaguchi Takashi , Tamura Naoto , Kawahito Yutaka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To clarify the differences in clinical phenotypes, therapeutic patterns, and outcomes of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) across geographic regions using a multinational cohort.

Methods
Data were collected from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsing GPA or MPA in Europe, Japan and the USA from January to July 2020. The composite outcome of kidney failure and/or death within 52 weeks after treatment was evaluated, and the hazard ratios across the regions were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model. Heterogeneities of the effects were investigated via thorough subgroup analyses.

Results
Among the 254 eligible patients (Europe, 137; Japan, 73; USA, 44), those in Japan were older and had higher proportions of MPO-ANCA positivity and lung involvement compared with Europe and the USA. The estimated glomerular filtration rate at diagnosis varied across regions, with the highest dialysis requirement in the USA. Cyclophosphamide and rituximab use were, respectively, 57% and 63% in Europe, 29% and 40% in Japan, and 34% and 86% in the USA. Within 52 weeks, 8%, 10% and 18% developed kidney failure, while 9%, 7% and 7% died in Europe, Japan, and the USA, respectively; and the composite outcome occurred in 15%, 14% and 23% of patients. The hazard ratios for kidney failure and/or death were comparable across regions; however, they varied among certain subgroups.

Conclusions
Although the kidney failure-free survival was comparable across continents, regional differences existed in clinical phenotypes and therapeutic patterns.
Evaluating the differential effects of dopamine agonists and clonazepam on large muscle group movements in restless legs syndrome
Authors: Mogavero Maria P , Congiu Patrizia , Lanza Giuseppe , Marelli Sara , Castelnuovo Alessandra , Puligheddu Monica , Bruni Oliviero , Ferini Strambi Luigi , Ferri Raffaele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dopamine agonists (DA) and Clonazepam on Large Muscle Group Movements during sleep (LMM), a distinct motor phenomenon, in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 51 drug-free adult patients with RLS, divided into three groups: 33 received a DA (pramipexole or ropinirole), 15 received clonazepam, and 18 received a placebo. Each patient underwent two consecutive nocturnal polysomnographic (PSG) recordings: one baseline and one following treatment administration. LMM and periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) were scored. Differences between groups were analyzed using ANCOVA, with the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group severity scale as a covariate, and within-group changes were assessed using paired t-tests.

Results
At baseline, no significant difference in LMM or PLMS was observed between groups. Following treatment, DA significantly reduced PLMS and periodicity indexes but did not significantly alter LMM indexes, except for a small increase in LMM duration. The placebo group exhibited a significant decrease in LMM index during the second night, potentially reflecting a first-night effect (FNE). Clonazepam did not significantly affect either PLMS or LMM.

Conclusions
DA effectively reduced PLMS but did not significantly impact LMM, suggesting that LMM may involve different neurophysiological mechanisms. The potential FNE observed in the placebo group underscores the need for careful consideration of adaptation effects in sleep studies. Future research should explore alternative or adjunctive therapies targeting LMM and residual sleep disturbances in RLS.
Essential oil blend and monensin for feedlot steers consuming backgrounding and finishing diets: growth performance, methane emissions using the GreenFeed system, and feeding behavior
Authors: Terry Stephanie A , Beauchemin Karen A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A study was conducted to assess growth performance, methane (CH4) emissions, and feeding behavior of feedlot steers consuming backgrounding and finishing diets with an essential oil blend (EO), monensin (Mon), and their combination (EO + Mon). The study was structured as a 2 × 2 factorial, with two feed additive treatments (Control, EO) and two monensin treatments (no Monensin, Monensin). One hundred Angus × steers were evenly distributed across each treatment into four pens, and each dietary phase consisted of four, 28-d periods. Using the GreenFeed system to estimate CH4 yield (g CH4/kg dry matter intake [DMI]), the mean CV (coefficient of variation) within the same steer across measurement periods was 14.0% and 15.2% for the backgrounding and finishing phases, respectively. The mean CV of CH4 production for steer within period and time-of-day block was up to 83.4% and 102.9% for the backgrounding and finishing phases, respectively. There was no difference in overall average daily gain (P ≥ 0.22) or gain:feed ratio (P ≥ 0.26) with EO or Monensin during the backgrounding or finishing phases. There were variable period effects on CH4 emissions, but overall control had lower (EO × Mon; P ≤ 0.01) CH4 production, yield, and CH4 energy as a percentage of gross energy intake (GEI) (Ym, Mcal CH4 % GEI), during the backgrounding phase. During the finishing phase, CH4 yield (EO × Mon; P = 0.02) and Ym (EO × Mon; P ≤ 0.01) were greatest in the EO + Mon treatment. Monensin, irrespective of EO, decreased DMI (P &lt; 0.01) and eating rate (P = 0.01), and increased intermeal interval (P &lt; 0.01) for the backgrounding phase. In the finishing phase, Monensin decreased (P &lt; 0.01) DMI, variation of DMI (EO × Mon), meal size, and eating rate. Number of GreenFeed visits was negatively (P &lt; 0.01) correlated with all feeding behavior metrics in the finishing phase. In conclusion, supplementation of EO or Monensin and their combination into backgrounding and finishing diets of feedlot steers had no effect on overall feedlot performance or CH4 emissions. Additionally, the high variability in CV of CH4 production and yield suggests a need to improve the accuracy and precision of the GreenFeed system for estimating enteric CH4 emissions from cattle.
Evaluation of acute substance abuse patients admitted to the ICU by different scoring system
Authors: El Sehly Wafaa Mohamed Mahmoud , El Dine Fatma Mohamed Magdy Badr , El Dine Nahla Ahmed Gamal , Elnwam Sara Gamal Kamal , Khedr Rasha Ismail 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drug abuse poisoning is a significant public health problem in many countries all over the world. The recent study aimed to assess the applicability of NEWS II and APACHE II scores as predictors of the ICU admission of acute intoxication by substance abuse. The study enrolled 98 patients admitted to the Alexandria Poison Center of the Main University Hospital (APC-AMUH) with a history of acute intoxication with substance abuse. Collected data included socio-demographic data, circumstances of exposure, and clinical and laboratory data. These data were employed to calculate NEWS II and APACHE II scores. A total of 98 substance abuse patients were admitted. Morphine constituted the highest percentage of substance intoxication (33.7%), followed by methanol (23.5%) and tramadol (17.3%). About one-third of the patients needed the ICU admission (32.7%). The median of NEWS and APACHE II was 7. The mean values of NEWS II and APACHE II in patients who entered the ICU were significantly higher than in patients who did not enter the ICU. The cut-off value of the ROC curve of NEWS II and APACHE II scores for admission to the ICU was 8 for both. These findings suggest that NEWS II and APACHE II scores are good predictors for the evaluation of patients intoxicated by substance abuse who need ICU admission.
Impact of repeat testing in tuberculosis patients with a trace call on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jha Suyash , Gupta Nitin , Kumar Tirlangi Praveen , Chawla Kiran , Shenoy Vishnu P , Varma Muralidhar , Manu Mohan K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to see if rifampicin susceptibility can be determined on repeat sampling in pulmonary tuberculosis with a trace call on the first GeneXpert Ultra report.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included adults with a GeneXpert Ultra trace call in the first respiratory sample from January 2021 to June 2024.

Results
Of the 27 patients with repeat sampling done after the initial trace call, rifampicin susceptibility could be determined in 37% (n=10) of patients.

Conclusions
Repeating GeneXpert Ultra testing in patients with an initial trace call is valuable for determining rifampicin susceptibility.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress PIEZO ion channel mechanotransduction in articular chondrocytes
Authors: Marushack Gabrielle K. , Savadipour Alireza , Tang Ruhang , Garcia‐Castorena Jaquelin M. , Rashidi Neda , Nims Robert J. , Harasymowicz Natalia S. , Kim Yu Seon , Guilak Farshid 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, leading to pain and loss of joint function. Recent studies have demonstrated that omega‐3 (ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation can decrease injury‐induced OA progression in mice fed a high‐fat diet. Furthermore, PUFAs have been shown to influence the mechanical properties of chondrocyte membranes, suggesting that alterations in mechanosensitive ion channel signaling could contribute to the mechanism by which ω3 PUFAs decreased OA pathogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that PUFAs may alter mechanical signaling through PIEZO1 (activated by changes in membrane tension) and TRPV4 (activated by physiologic mechano‐osmotic signals), as these mechanosensitive cation channels have been shown to influence OA progression. Our results demonstrated that PUFAs reduced chondrocyte sensitivity to single‐cell mechanical compression and to pharmacologic agonists of PIEZO1 and TRPV4, with ω3 PUFAs having the most significant effects overall. We also found that supplementation with ω6 PUFA linoleic acid (LA) altered the biophysical properties of chondrocytes, as evidenced by increased intracellular lipid droplet formation and more rapid membrane rupture in response to hypo‐osmotic shock, suggesting that LA increases chondrocyte membrane susceptibility to damage. Our findings underscore the differential impacts of specific PUFAs on chondrocyte signaling and membrane properties and provide important considerations in the development of nutritional interventions to prevent or treat OA.
Undernutrition affects metabolism and immune response in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant ewes
Authors: Li Baoyuan , Wu Weibin , Lu Huizhen , Liu Shuai , Si Xiongyuan , Bai Binqiang , Cheng Jianbo , Ding Xiaoling , Mao Shengyong , Xue Yanfeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPregnant ewes mobilize body fat to increase energy supply for fetal growth and development upon undernutrition, which disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of the body. However, the comprehensive metabolic changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue upon undernutrition are poorly understood. In this study, an undernutrition sheep model was established to investigate the effects of undernutrition on metabolic changes, immune response, and inflammation in subcutaneous fat through transcriptome, RT‐qPCR, and metabolome analysis. Results showed that undernutrition changed the total transcriptional and metabolic profiles of adipose tissue. Compared to the controls, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in fatty acid synthesis, triglyceride genesis, and lipid transport were downregulated in undernourished ewes, while DEGs related to fatty acid and triglyceride degradation were upregulated. Almost all lipid‐related differential metabolites (DMs) were downregulated. DEGs and DMs involved in glucose metabolism and glycogen degradation were downregulated, while glycogen synthesis and carbohydrate transport were upregulated. DEGs linked to amino acid degradation were upregulated and some amino acids and derivatives were downregulated. KEGG pathway analysis showed complement and coagulation cascades were enriched significantly by DEGs, and DEGs related to coagulation, macrophage, and inflammation were upregulated while DEGs associated with the complement system were downregulated. Undernutrition during late gestation disrupted the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids in adipose tissue, which weakened the complement system and immune response and may have ultimately led to inflammation.
Multiple myeloma–associated non‐crystalline proximal tubulopathy and crystalline cast nephropathy: Biochemical and structural features of disease‐causing monoclonal kappa light chains
Authors: Ezawa Toshinori , Otomo Riku , Kariya Yumi , Nozawa Kyoko , Kyoya Sonosuke , Furutani Chikako , Noguchi Keiichi , Yohda Masafumi , Odaka Masafumi , Matsumura Hirotoshi , Saito Ayano , Saito Masaya , Abe Fumito , Fujioka Yuki , Kitadate Akihiro , Wakui Hideki , Takahashi Naoto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVarious tubular diseases in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are caused by monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). However, the physicochemical characteristics of the disease‐causing LCs contributing to the onset of MM‐associated tubular diseases remain unclear. We herein report a rare case of MM‐associated combined tubulopathies: non‐crystalline light chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT) and crystalline light chain cast nephropathy (LCCN). The patient's urinary κ‐LC (Bence–Jones proteins, BJP‐κ PT‐CN) was detected through immunofixation. Renal biopsy revealed cytoplasmic vacuoles in swollen proximal tubular cells and distal tubular casts. Immunohistochemistry showed proximal tubular reabsorption granules and distal tubular casts positively stained with an anti‐κ‐LC antibody. Electron microscopy identified vacuolation and an increased number of lysosomes in proximal tubular epithelial cells without crystalline structures. Distal tubular casts comprised numerous crystals with both rod‐shaped and needle‐like configurations and tube‐shaped materials. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying tubular toxicity, we performed the following physicochemical analyses of BJP‐κ PT‐CN: N‐terminal amino acid sequencing, cDNA cloning, size‐exclusion chromatography, thermal shift assays, and X‐ray crystallography. The variable segment of BJP‐κ PT‐CN was derived from the IGKV1‐39 gene. The characteristic features of BJP‐κ PT‐CN were a positively charged surface patch, concentration‐dependent monomer‐dimer equilibrium, and the R61G mutation. This is the first biochemical and structural characterization of disease‐causing BJPs in MM‐associated LCPT and crystalline LCCN. The results obtained suggest that these characteristic features enhance protein binding to negatively charged sites on brush‐border membranes in proximal tubules and promote the formation of organized casts in distal tubular lumens.