bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adoption of tumor immunity: role of the major histocompatibility complex.
Authors: Poupon M F , Payelle B , Lespinats G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T cells from spleens of mice immunized against a chemically induced tumor were able, when transferred to normal syngeneic mice together with tumor cells, to protect adoptively against tumor growth. The inability of such cells to identically protect pangenic nude mice and F1 hybrid mice, and the incompetence of T cells alone in the in vitro tests indicated that the T cells by themselves were unable to kill the tumor cells. We hypothesized that the protection transmitted by spleen T cells results from an interaction with the recipient mouse and that this interaction is controlled by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Analysis of the lack of protection at the level of the MHC subregion demonstrated that in the transfer of immune spleen T cells from parent mice to F1 recipient mice, an identity of the KIA subregion permitted a complete transfer of protection. In the transfer of immune spleen T cells from F1 mice to parent recipients, a semi-identity of the KIA subregion was sufficient but a complete identity of the H2D subregion was necessary. The use of such a model, requiring the transfer of parental cells to F1 hybrid mice, necessitated the analysis of the possible role of the hybrid resistance gene. We have demonstrated the absence of correlation between the hybrid resistance and the adoptive protection. At the present stage of this work, the adoptive neutralization test allows us to conclude that the immunologic rejection of a chemically induced tumor is the result of interaction between 2 cells, a T cell and a radioresistant non-T cell.
Preferential reactivity of certain human and rabbit IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors with mildly reduced and amidomethylated IgG.
Authors: Brown C S , Brown J C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two broadly defined populations were identified in affinity column-enriched rabbit and human rheumatoid factor (RF) preparations: one population reacted preferentially with mildly reduced and alkylated (MRA) homologous (with regard to species) IgG, and the other reacted preferentially with native, intact IgG. Each of these reactivities was identified by preferential association of RF with either intact or MRA IgG-Sepharose 4B conjugates and existed in both the IgM and IgG immunoglobulin classes. Use of soluble IgG inhibitor preparations in RF- dependent hemolytic and hemagglutination inhibition in RF-dependent hemolytic and hemagglutination inhibition assays showed that the preferred form of IgG inhibitor paralleled the preference of a particular RF preparation for a particular IgG affinity matrix. In addition, preferential reactivity was observed toward either intact or MRA Fc gamma inhibitors. On a molar basis RF reactivity with Fc gamma was significantly less than that observed in the presence of whole IgG. In contrast, neither IgG Fab nor F(ab')2 fragments were reactive with either of the 2 specificity populations of RF. The distribution of immunoglobulin class relative to specificity suggested that preferential reactivity with MRA IgG was usually associated with IgM RF, and reactivity with intact IgG was usually associated with IgG RF. These data suggest that in vivo perturbation of IgG structure may lead to an RF response identifiable by reactivity with an altered monomeric form of IgG.
Functional subsets of B cells defined by quantitative differences in surface I-A.
Authors: Greenstein J L , Lord E M , Horan P , Kappler J W , Marrack P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The quantitative expression of surface I-A determinants has been used to define functional B cell heterogeneity based on responsiveness to the trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten on various classes of carrier molecules. Unprimed, anti-Thy 1 and complement-treated B10.A (I-Ak) B cells were stained with a monoclonal anti-I-Ak reagent that had been fluorescein (FL) conjugated. By using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter these cells were then sorted into 2 populations of cells staining heavily or lightly with this reagent. These populations of cells were then assayed for anti-TNP precursor frequency, in responses to 3 TNP-antigens, by limiting dilution analysis. B cells responsive to TNP-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNP-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were found in both the B cells that expressed a low amount of surface I-A and the B cells that expressed a high amount of I-A. However, B cells with the ability to respond to TNP-Ficoll were found only in the B cells that expressed a low amount of surface I-A. These experiments suggest that the quantitative expression of surface I-A can be used to define B cell populations with different abilities to respond to hapten coupled to Ficoll.
Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC) with antibody-coated effectors: rat and human effectors versus tumor targets.
Authors: Jones J F , Titus J A , Segal D M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have previously described techniques that cause antibody molecules to remain bound to P388D1 cells for at least 18 hr, and enable these cells to lyse hapten-coated erythrocytes not sensitized with antibody. These methods collectively are called "franking." In this study, we have determined that these methods are applicable to other systems. We franked rat splenocytes and human peripheral blood leukocytes with rabbit anti-TNP antibody, and showed that they were capable of lysing TNP-tumor and erythrocyte targets (not coated with antibody) in a hapten-specific, antibody-dependent fashion. Both the mononuclear and the polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte fractions of the human cells were capable of mediating lysis. Additionally, human leukocytes franked with rabbit antibody were stained with fluorescent goat anti-rabbit IgG Fab, and were analyzed for fluorescence by flow microfluorometry. Nearly all of the PMN cells and about one-half of the mononuclear cells had IgG on their surfaces after franking. Clearly, not all cells can be franked, but those that can retain significant numbers of antibody molecules (approximately 5 X 10(4), in the case of PMN cells) on their surfaces.
The protective antigen of malarial sporozoites (Plasmodium berghei) is a differentiation antigen.
Authors: Aikawa M , Yoshida N , Nussenzweig R S , Nussenzweig V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pb44, the protective antigen of rodent malaria sporozoite (Plasmodium berghei) covers the entire surface of mature, salivary gland sporozoites. This antigen is undetectable in approximately 50% of the immature, i.e., oocyst sporozoites. On the surface of the remaining oocyst sporozoites, Pb44 is found in patches. Pb44 is present in early exoerythrocytic liver stages of P. berghei but is present in early exoerythrocytic liver stages of P. berghei but becomes undetectable after 30 hr of intrahepatocytic development. It seems likely that Pb44 is a differentiation antigen associated with an unique function of the sporozoites, perhaps penetration in the target host cells.
Experimental anti-alveolar basement membrane antibody-mediated pneumonitis. I. The role of increased permeability of the alveolar capillary wall induced by oxygen.
Authors: Jennings L , Roholt O A , Pressman D , Blau M , Andres G A , Brentjens J R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Attempts to produce in animals lung lesions mediated by anti-alveolar basement membrane (ABM) antibodies have thus far been inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that increased permeability of the endothelial cell lining is needed before circulating antibodies can gain access and bind to ABM. A goat antiserum was prepared against purified rabbit ABM. After i.v. injection of the gamma-globulin fraction into rabbits, goat IgG was detected in glomerular basement membrane but not in ABM. However, 17 of 19 rabbits injected with anti-ABM antibody after exposure for 62 to 66 hr to 100% oxygen had a diffuse linear binding of goat IgG in ABM and died with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic pneumonitis. By the paired label isotope technique, uptake of anti-ABM antibodies in lung far exceeded that in kidney. Semiquantitative histologic studies indicated that the lesions in the lung of these rabbits were more severe then those found in rabbits exposed to 100% oxygen and injected with normal goat serum gamma-globulin. None of the latter animals died with pulmonary edema; none was found to have binding of goat IgG in the lung. The results indicate that under normal physiologic conditions the endothelium is a barrier that prevents binding of IgG antibodies to ABM. The increased permeability induced by oxygen in the alveolar capillary wall is a nonimmunologic factor allowing the development of a reproducible model of severe anti-ABM antibody-mediated pneumonitis.
Glucocorticoid-induced membrane alteration of thymocytes and thymic phagocytosis.
Authors: Miyazawa T , Sato C , Kojima K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of thymocytes progressively decreased after an i.p. injection of 10 mg hydrocortisone, and reached its lowest value 3 hr later. The degree of the decrease in the EPM of thymocytes was dependent on the dose of hydrocortisone. Thymic phagocytic cells began to ingest thymocytes in vivo 2 hr after hydrocortisone injection, and thymic phagocytosis continued up to 8 hr. Glucocorticoid-induced phagocytosis was also detected in vitro, i.e., primarily cultured thymic phagocytic cells ingested membrane-altered viable thymocytes from 10-mg hydrocortisone-treated mice 4 to 10 times more than control thymocytes. It was considered from these results that the decrease in the negative surface charge of thymocytes is closely associated with the phagocytosis of thymocytes by thymic phagocytic cells.
F1 hybrid-anti-parental H-2b cell-mediated lympholysis: genetic control of target antigens by the H-2D region.
Authors: Nakano K , Nakamura I , Cudkowicz G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immunogenetic specificity of (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 anti-parental C57BL/6 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induced in primary mixed spleen cell cultures was determined in direct lytic and competitive inhibition assays. A large panel of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) bearing nonrecombinant and recombinant H-2-Tla haplotypes was the source of target and inhibitor cells. All PEC of H-2b, H-2bc, H-2j, and H-2ja types, irrespective of background genetic constitution, were as susceptible to direct lysis as C57BL/6 PEC, but PEC of H-2a, H-2d, H-2k, H-2q, H-2s, and H-2u types were not. The possible involvement of the Tla region in controlling target antigens was excluded by testing PEC obtained from 4 H-2/Tla or intra-Tla recombinant mouse strains. The genes controlling target antigens were mapped to the D region with the aid of 9 intra-H-2 recombinants; for target PEC to be lysed it was necessary and sufficient that Db antigens be part of the H-2 phenotype. These results were confirmed by competitive inhibition assays. Resident peritoneal cells not exposed to fetal bovine serum were also lysed by F1 anti-parental H-2b CTL, a demonstration that target antigens are expressed on normal cells.
Correlation of the biologic responses of C3H/HEJ mice to endotoxin with the chemical and structural properties of the lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.
Authors: Pier G B , Markham R B , Eardley D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The basis of the biologic responses of C3H/HeJ mice to endotoxin administration in relation to the structural linkages in the lipid A portion of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were investigated. P. aeruginosa LPS was found to be immunogenic, mitogenic, and toxic, but not lethal, in C3H/HeJ mice. The observed mitogenicity in spleen cells was directed toward immunoglobulin- (Ig) bearing cells, was present in response to isolated and solubilized lipid A, and was inhibitable by polymixin B. The P. aeruginosa LPS was chemically analyzed in order to define its composition and exclude the presence of contaminating proteins being responsible for the biologic responses of C3H/HeJ mice that were observed. Structural analysis of the linkages of the fatty acids to the glucosamine backbone in the lipid A of P. aeruginosa and E. coli revealed similarities in terms of the ratio of hydroxy fatty acids to straight chain fatty acids and the way in which these 2 types of fatty acids were linked to the backbone. Differences were seen in the carbon chain length of the fatty acid substituents, and the substituent on the hydroxy fatty acid that is directly ester linked to the glucosamine backbone. These data indicate that the refractivity of C3H/HeJ mice to the biologic effects after the administration of Gram-negative endotoxins may be limited to enterobacterial LPS. Those differences we found in the chain length and/or linkages of the fatty acid substituents in the lipid A portion of the LPS between P. aeruginosa and E. coli may be sufficient to render C3H/HeJ mice responsive to the biologic effects of nonenterobacterial endotoxins.
The role of transmethylation reactions in regulating the binding of BCG-activated murine macrophages to neoplastic target cells.
Authors: Adams D O , Pike M C , Snyderman R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of BCG-activated macrophages from C57BL/6J mice to lyse neoplastic targets was depressed by inhibitors of methyltransferase reactions (10(-4) M adenosine, 10(-5) M EHNA, and 10(-4) M L-homocysteine or 10(-5) M DZA). Binding of P815 mastocytoma targets to BCG-activated macrophages, which has been shown to be a necessary event in cytolysis of those targets, was also inhibited by adenosine, EHNA, and L-homocysteine or by DZA at the above concentrations. Inhibition of binding was obtained when macrophages were pretreated with the inhibitors, whereas pretreatment of targets with the inhibitors did not alter binding. The inhibitors were not toxic to the macrophages, as judged by morphology and viability of the macrophage cultures as well as by ability of macrophages to bind antibody-coated P815 targets or to secrete plasminogen activator. The inhibitors, at concentrations that inhibited cytolysis and binding, also depressed one type of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation reaction (protein carboxy-O-methylation) in BCG macrophages. The data suggest that transmethylation reactions are essential for the ability of BCG activated murine macrophages to bind and, hence, to destroy P815 tumor cells.
Allorestriction and xenorestriction phenomena in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in the guinea pig against azobenzenearsonate- (ABA) modified peritoneal exudate cells.
Authors: Sugimoto M , Chiba J , Egashira Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of MHC products in the induction of DTH responses Ia antigens play a crucial role in these cells in the recognition of ABA determinants by lymphocytes. Second, JY-1 guinea pigs were employed as responder animals. A clear allorestriction phenomenon was observed again when weakly modified ABA-PEC were used. On the other hand, the allorestriction phenomenon was apparently abrogated when heavily modified ABA-PEC were employed: allogeneic as well as syngeneic ABA-PEC induced strong and comparable DTH responses. Even in this condition, xenogeneic (mouse) ABA-PEC were barely immunogeneic, On the basis of these observations, the cross-reactivity of Ia antigens in the conjunctive recognition of haptenic determinants by T cells is discussed.
Pathophysiologic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with primary immunodeficiency. I. Ig synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with either pokeweed mitogen or Epstein-Barr virus in vitro.
Authors: Mitsuya H , Osaki K , Tomino S , Katsuki T , Kishimoto S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the present study 5 patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH) and 4 patients with selective IgA deficiency (IgA-D) were analyzed for the cellular defects responsible for impaired Ig synthesis with use of peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with either PWM or EBV in vitro. By the use of co-culture with PWM, all the patients examined had intrinsic B cell defects restricted to the synthesis of Ig class corresponding to the low or absent Ig class(es) in the sera. Two types of excessive suppressor T activity were found, which were abrogated by irradiation. One was isotype-nonspecific and the other was IgA-specific. Moreover, failure of IgA-specific helper T activity was demonstrated. The use of EBV as an agent that polyclonally activates B cells independently of T cells and monocytes should allow a clearer delineation of the level of the B cell defects. When co-cultured with EBV, B cells from 3 patients with CVH produced normal to subnormal quantities of IgM although they could produce no IgM upon co-culturing with normal T cells and PWM. B cells from 2 patients with CVH could produce IgM normally by stimulation with either PWM or EBV; however, there was no restoration to produce IgG or IgA in these patients. In addition, B cells from 2 patients with IgA-D produced not only IgG and IgM but also IgA almost normally at 4 days after in vitro stimulation with EBV.
Immunologic studies of chronic relapsing EAE in guinea pigs: similarities to multiple sclerosis.
Authors: Mehta P D , Lassmann H , Wisniewski H M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgG/albumin ratios and presence of oligoclonal bands were studied in neutral pH brain extracts and sera of guinea pigs with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (R-EAE). The ratios were found to be significantly increased in central nervous system extracts of animals sacrificed during the first relapse and late stages of the disease relative to those of controls and of animals with acute EAE. These results are consistent with an intracerebral synthesis of IgG found in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). When the immunofixation (after isoelectric-focusing) patterns of brain extracts and CSF from R-EAE animals were compared with those of controls, R-EAE animals showed distinct oligoclonal IgG bands in the pH region of 7.0 to 9.3, in contrast to diffuse patterns seen in controls. The finding of oligoclonal IgG in brain extracts of these animals further supports the usefulness of R-EAE as an experimental model for MS.
Regulation of in vitro primary anti-DNP antibody production by functional subsets of T lymphocytes in man.
Authors: Morimoto C , Reinherz E L , Schlossman S F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A primary in vitro antibody response to DNP-KLH by peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture was developed. Optimal anti-DNP antibody production, as measured by solid phase radioimmunoassay occurred at a cell density of 1 X 10(6), and an antigen concentration of 5 to 10 micrograms per culture when PBL was incubated with the antigen for 5 days and then cultured in the absence of DNP-KLH for 4 additional days. The antibody produced was shown to be primarily of the IgM isotype and was specific for DNP. In the absence of T lymphocytes, no antibody was generated. The regulatory effects of T4+ and T5+/T8+ subsets on antigen-specific antibody production were determined and it was found that T4+ subset alone provided help for anti-DNP antibody production. In contrast, the T8+ subset did not provide help and more importantly, could suppress anti-DNP antibody production in the presence of T4+ inducer T cells. This in vitro antibody forming system should be of considerable use in the analysis of the cellular requirements for antibody production and genetic control of the immune response in man.
Immunogenicity and characterization of supernatant DNA released by murine spleen cells.
Authors: Pancer L B , Milazzo M F , Morris V L , Singhal S K , Bell D A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cellfree supernatant from cultured splenocytes contains an immunogenic molecule capable of inducing anti-DNA antibodies in vitro and in vivo in young preautoimmune NZB/W and some normal mouse strains. The response to this supernatant material does not reflect polyclonal activation, and the molecule responsible for its immunogenic activity appears to be a relatively small (approximately 150 base pairs) DNA molecule, predominantly (75 to 80%) double stranded with tail-end single-strand regions. It does not appear to contain any unusual secondary structure. This immunogenic DNA molecule can be recovered from cultures of some normal as well as young B/W mice. It contains no observable protein moiety, and after phenol-chloroform extraction, the immunogenic DNA migrates on polyacrylamide and agarose gels as a relatively narrow homogeneous band. The anti-DNA antibody response detected in the serum of mice after injection of this DNA molecule appears to have its greatest affinity for the homologous DNA and for undenatured calf thymus DNA. Unique base sequences do not appear to be responsible for its immunogenic effects. Rather, this may depend on its relatively small size, since calf thymus DNA sheared to a similar size and also found incapable of digestion with restriction endonucleases had a similar immunogenic effect.
Cellular synergy in the manifestation of accessory cell activity for in vitro antibody response.
Authors: Inaba K , Nakano K , Muramatsu S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The accessory cell (A-cell) activity of murine splenic adherent cells (SAC) and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) for in vitro anti-SRBC and anti-DNP-KLH antibody responses of spleen lymphoid cells was abolished by the depletion of Ia+ cells from SAC and PEC by treatment with anti-Ia alloantiserum plus complement. The surviving Ia- macrophages in SAC and PEC were incompetent to achieve the A-cell activity. We prepared a crude and a further purified nonmacrophage cell fraction (termed CF and NMF). Nearly 70% of CF cells and more than 90% of NMF cells were Ia+ cells. The mature macrophage content of CF was less than 2%, and that of NMF was virtually negligible; suspected dendritic cells were contained at 5 to 10% in CF and 20 to 30% in NMF. The majority of cells in CF and NMF were lymphoid cells. This offered no problem in these experiments, since CF and NMF were added to lymphoid cells, in order to investigate the A-cell activity, usually in a ratio of 1 to 100. Neither CF nor NMF was adequate by itself to manifest the A-cell activity. However, the combination of either CF or NMF with Ia- macrophages resulted in the development of high A-cell activity. This did not occur with use of CF depleted of Ia+ cells or of NMF treated with anti-Ia without complement. These results indicated that the synergy between Ia- macrophages and Ia+ cells, most probably Ia+ nonmacrophage cells, was effective in developing the A-cell activity. It was also found that the interaction between the lymphoid cell and the Ia+ participant in the A-cell activity was genetically restricted, but Ia- macrophages functioned across the H-2 barrier.