bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative psychological resilience and recovery after hip fracture: Secondary analysis of the REGAIN randomized trial
Authors:   The REGAIN (Regional versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence after Hip Fracture) Investigators
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHow psychological resilience influences postoperative outcomes remains poorly characterized. We tested the hypothesis that psychological resilience is associated with lower odds of death or new inability to walk independently and other outcomes at 60 days after hip fracture surgery.MethodsThis was a pre‐planned secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial comparing spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. We analyzed data on 1360 adults aged 50 years or older who were hospitalized for hip fracture surgery at one of 46 US or Canadian hospitals and provided psychological resilience data preoperatively as measured via the Brief Resilience Scale. Major exclusions were the inability to walk without human assistance before fracture and contraindications to spinal anesthesia. Death or new inability to walk independently at 60 days after surgery was the primary outcome; death or new nursing home residence at 60 days and 60‐day mortality were secondary outcomes.ResultsGreater psychological resilience was associated with lower odds of death or new inability to walk at day 60 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.77; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.98; p = 0.03). We observed a similar association between psychological resilience and outcomes among patients who did not experience complications after surgery (aOR 0.72; CI 0.55 to 0.94, p = 0.02), but not those who had complications (aOR 1.00; CI 0.59 to 1.69, p = 0.99). Psychological resilience was associated with lower odds of 60‐day death or new nursing home residence (aOR 0.73; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.93; p < 0.001) but not with 60‐day mortality (aOR 0.92; 95% CI 0.56 to 1.49; p = 0.73).ConclusionsPsychological resilience is associated with better outcomes for older adults after hip fracture surgery, but largely among those who do not have postoperative complications. Future interventions may focus on improving psychological resilience preoperatively or providing support to patients with lower psychological resilience.
Risk of new cerebral ischemic events in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis while awaiting carotid stent placement
Authors: Bains Navpreet , Nunna Ravi S. , Ma Xiaoyu , Fakih Rami , Jaura Attiya , French Brandi R. , Siddiq Farhan , Gomez Camilo R. , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough there is an emphasis on performing carotid artery stent (CAS) placement within 2 weeks after index event of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke in patients with significant extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, the risks and characteristics of recurrent cerebral ischemic event while waiting for CAS placement are not well defined.MethodWe analyzed patients admitted to our institution over a 45‐month period with symptomatic extracranial ICA stenosis. We identified any new cerebral ischemic events that occurred between index cerebral or retinal ischemic event and CAS placement and categorized them as TIA and minor or major ischemic strokes. We calculated the risk of new ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events between index cerebral or retinal ischemic event and CAS placement.ResultsThe mean age of 131 patients analyzed was 67 years (range: 47‐94 years; 92 were men), and 94 and 37 patients had 70%‐99% and 50%‐69% severity of stenosis, respectively. The mean and median time intervals between index cerebral or retinal ischemic event and CAS performance were 28 (standard deviation [SD] 30) and 7 (interquartile range 33) days, respectively. A total of 9 of 131 patients (6.9%, 95% confidence interval 2.5%‐11.2%) experienced new cerebral ischemic events over 3637 patient days of observation. The risk of new ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events was 2.5 per 1000 patient days of observation.ConclusionWe estimated the risk of new ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events in patients with ICA stenosis ≥50% in severity while waiting for CAS placement to guide appropriate timing of procedure.
Effects of School Physical Education on the Exercise Habits of Children and Adolescents: An Empirical Analysis Using China Health and Nutrition Survey Data
Authors: Wang He , Fang Yan , Zhang Yilin , Zou Haonan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSince 2002, the Chinese Ministry of Education has conducted reform in the physical education (PE) curriculums of schools in China, with a focus on shifting from sports skills to regular participation in physical activity (PA) and promoting health. The aim of the study, therefore, is to examine the effects of school PE on the exercise habits of children and adolescents in China over time.METHODSData based on 5941 observations of 3708 individuals aged 6 to 17 were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) for the period 2004 to 2015. The data were analyzed using the fixed‐effect Logit model and the random‐effect Tobit model.RESULTSThe likelihood of exercising outside of school is 20.2% higher for students who have school PE than those who do not. Our study found that increasing the duration of PE at school by 100%, increases the duration of out‐of‐school PA by 22.3%. The variety of the types of sports schools offer encourages students to participate in out‐of‐school physical activity. The likelihood of students exercising outside of school increases by 5.6% when 1 more exercise type is provided in school PE. In addition, soccer, basketball, badminton, and volleyball education increases students' participation in after‐school exercises. Soccer and basketball education, in particular, improves the duration of after‐school PA.CONCLUSIONSTo form exercise habits in children and adolescents, we encourage the promotion of a variety of physical activities in schools, especially team sports such as soccer and basketball.
Strain‐specific metabarcoding reveals rapid evolution of copper tolerance in populations of the coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi
Authors: Andersson Björn , Berglund Olof , Filipsson Helena L. , Kourtchenko Olga , Godhe Anna , Johannesson Kerstin , Töpel Mats , Pinder Matthew I. M. , Hoepfner Lara , Rengefors Karin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhytoplankton have short generation times, flexible reproduction strategies, large population sizes and high standing genetic diversity, traits that should facilitate rapid evolution under directional selection. We quantified local adaptation of copper tolerance in a population of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi from a mining‐exposed inlet in the Baltic Sea and in a non‐exposed population 100 km away. We hypothesized that mining pollution has driven evolution of elevated copper tolerance in the impacted population of S. marinoi. Assays of 58 strains originating from sediment resting stages revealed no difference in the average tolerance to copper between the two populations. However, variation within populations was greater at the mining site, with three strains displaying hyper‐tolerant phenotypes. In an artificial evolution experiment, we used a novel intraspecific metabarcoding locus to track selection and quantify fitness of all 58 strains during co‐cultivation in one control and one toxic copper treatment. As expected, the hyper‐tolerant strains enabled rapid evolution of copper tolerance in the mining‐exposed population through selection on available strain diversity. Within 42 days, in each experimental replicate a single strain dominated (30%–99% abundance) but different strains dominated the different treatments. The reference population developed tolerance beyond expectations primarily due to slowly developing plastic response in one strain, suggesting that different modes of copper tolerance are present in the two populations. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence that standing genetic diversity of phytoplankton resting stage allows populations to evolve rapidly (20–50 generations) and flexibly on timescales relevant for seasonal bloom progressions.
An analysis of a new rapid difficult airway response team in a vertically built children's hospital
Authors: Rowland Matthew J. , Hazkani Inbal , Becerra Danielle , Jagannathan Narasimhan , Ida Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntrahospital transport is associated with adverse events. This challenge is amplified during airway management. Although difficult airway response teams have been described, little attention has been paid to patient transport during difficult airway management versus the alternative of managing patient airways without moving the patient. This is especially needed in a 22‐floor vertical hospital.HypothesisDevelopment of a rapid difficult airway response team and an associated difficult airway cart will allow for the ability to manage difficult airways in the patient's primary location.MethodsA retrospective chart review of all rapid difficult airway response activations from December 18, 2019 to December 31, 2021 was performed to determine the number of airways secured in the patient's primary location (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included length of time until airway securement, airway device used, number of attempts, complications, use of front of neck access, and mortality.ResultsThere were 96 rapid difficult airway response activations in a 2‐year period, with 18 activations deemed inappropriate. Of the 78 indicated rapid difficult airway response deployments, all activations resulted in a secure airway, and 76 (97.4%) of cases had an airway secured in the patient's primary location. The mean time to airway securement was 17.1 min (standard deviation 18.8 min). The most common methods of airway securement were direct laryngoscopy (42.3%, 33/78) and video laryngoscopy (29.5%, 23/78). The mean number of attempts by the rapid difficult airway response team was 1.4. There were no documented cases requiring front of neck access. The Cormack‐Lehane airway grade at time of intubation was I‐II in 83.3% (65/78) of activations. Rapid difficult airway response activation resulted in 16 cases of cardiac arrest and 4 patient deaths within 48 h.ConclusionsA rapid difficult airway response team allows a large majority of patients' airways to be managed and secured in the patient's primary hospital location. Future directions include reducing time to airway securement and identifying factors associated with cardiac arrest.
A boosting policy to optimize user forum performance: Model and validation
Authors: Mookerjee Radha , Jabr Wael , Singh Harpreet 
Published: September 2023

Near‐constant Internet access through desktop or mobile devices has turned self‐service support forums into the first port of call for users seeking to troubleshoot product or service issues. The firms providing these products and services also benefit from this trend since it reduces user support costs by diverting service requests away from costlier support channels, such as help desks. For the continued success of such a forum, however, the managing entity must ensure that users receive timely solutions to their inquiries quickly and regularly. We develop a mathematical model of a user forum's operations to obtain a “white box” view of a user forum and reveal the support system's dynamics. Then, using a large and comprehensive dataset of questions and answers from Apple's iPhone user forum, we empirically estimate the forum's performance to validate the predictions of the mathematical model. Our results demonstrate that the predictions closely match the forum's actual performance, with an error of less than 10%. We then propose and analyze an optimal threshold policy that boosts a thread to rekindle user interest and demonstrate the benefit of our intervention policy in managing the iPhone forum.
Recent advances in exosomal non‐coding RNA‐based therapeutic approaches for photoaging
Authors: Li Kun‐Jie , Zhou Peng‐Jun , Guo Yan‐Ni , Xu Tian‐Xing , Lin Song‐Fa , Lin Shu , Ji Chao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhotoaging is a degenerative biological process that affects the quality of life. It is caused by environmental factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR), deep skin burns, smoking, active oxygen, chemical substances, and trauma. Among them, UVR plays a vital role in the aging process.AimWith the continuous development of modern medicine, clinical researchers have investigated novel approaches to treat aging. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), non‐coding RNAs are involved in various physiological processes have broad clinical application as they have the advantages of convenient samples, abundant sources, and avoidable ethical issues.MethodsThis article reviews research progress on five types of stem cell, exosomes, non‐coding RNA in the context of photoaging treatment: adipose‐derived stem cell, human umbilical cord MSCs, epidermal progenitor cells, keratinocyte stem cells, and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). It also includes stem cell related exosomes and their non‐coding RNA research.ResultsThe results have clinical guiding significance for prevention and control of the onset and development of photoaging. It is found that stem cells secrete cytokines, cell growth factors, non‐coding RNA, exosomes and proteins to repair aging skin tissues and achieve skin rejuvenation. In particular, stem cell exosomes and non‐coding RNA are found to have significant research potential, as they possess the benefits of their source cells without the disadvantages which include immune rejection and granuloma formation.
Improving pixel‐based classification of GRASS GIS with support vector machine
Authors: Nartišs Māris , Melniks Raitis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOpen source GIS software GRASS releases 8.0 to 8.4 have received some long overdue improvements in imagery handling such as the ability to reuse spectral signature files of existing classifiers, machine readable output of accuracy assessment tool and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Practical comparison of all three pixel‐based classifiers of GRASS GIS indicated that the maximum likelihood discriminant analysis classifier is the fastest and least accurate one, followed by a sequential maximum a posteriori classifier with reasonably fast execution time and good accuracy. The newly added SVM classifier is the slowest one but provides the highest accuracy and also shows the highest improvement potential by hyperparameter optimization. To illustrate the capabilities of the core classifiers, a showcase is presented where a single Sentinel 2 image is classified to distinguish 18 crop types using all three classifiers available in GRASS.
The Wire Is Not the Territory: Understanding Representational Drift in Olfaction With Dynamical Systems Theory
Authors: Barwich Ann‐Sophie , Severino Gabriel J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRepresentational drift is a phenomenon of increasing interest in the cognitive and neural sciences. While investigations are ongoing for other sensory cortices, recent research has demonstrated the pervasiveness in which it occurs in the piriform cortex for olfaction. This gradual weakening and shifting of stimulus‐responsive cells has critical implications for sensory stimulus–response models and perceptual decision‐making. While representational drift may complicate traditional sensory processing models, it could be seen as an advantage in olfaction, as animals live in environments with constantly changing and unpredictable chemical information. Non‐topographical encoding in the olfactory system may aid in contextualizing reactions to promiscuous odor stimuli, facilitating adaptive animal behavior and survival. This article suggests that traditional models of stimulus–(neural) response mapping in olfaction may need to be reevaluated and instead motivates the use of dynamical systems theory as a methodology and conceptual framework.
A Tacholess Order Tracking Method Based on the STFTSC Algorithm for Rotor Unbalance Fault Diagnosis Under Variable-Speed Conditions
Authors: Wu Binyun , Hou Liang , Wang Shaojie , Lian Xiaozhen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Due to the fact that rotors usually operate in a non-stationary mode with changing speeds, the conventional rotor unbalance detection method based on the stationary signal will produce a major “spectrum ambiguity issue” and affect the accuracy of rotor unbalance detection. To this end, a tacholess order tracking method based on the STFTSC algorithm is suggested in this study, where the STFTSC algorithm is developed by combining the short-time Fourier transform and the seam carving algorithm. First, the STFTSC algorithm is utilized to accurately extract the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the rotor and calculate the instantaneous phase under variable-speed conditions. Subsequently, the original signal is resampled in the angular domain to transform the non-stationary time domain signal into a stable angle domain signal, eliminating the effect of the speed variations. Finally, the angular domain signal is transformed into the order domain signal, which uses the discrete Fourier transform and the discrete spectrum correction method to identify the amplitude and phase corresponding to the fundamental frequency component of the signal. The simulation results show that the IF extracted by the STFTSC algorithm has higher extraction accuracy compared with the traditional STFT spectral peak detection method and effectively eliminates the effect of speed fluctuations. A rotor dynamic-balancing experiment shows that the unbalance correction effect based on the STFTSC algorithm is remarkable, with the average unbalance amount decrease rate on the left and right sides being 90.02% and 92.56%, respectively, after a single correction.
Supplemental Material: Ongoing fragmentation of the subducting Cocos slab, Central America
Authors: Xue Tu , Gao Stephen , al. et 
Published: September 2023

<p>Figures S1–S5 (bouguer gravity anomalies and focal mechanism solutions; cross section of tomographic images and anisotropy beneath Central America; isotropic S-wave speed anomalies and azimuthal anisotropy; azimuthal equidistant map showing event distributions; and shear wave splitting measurement examples); Table S1 (shear wave splitting measurements); and Table S2 (model parameters). </p>
Supplemental Material: Neogene faulting, basin development, and relief generation in the southern Klamath Mountains (USA)
Authors: Michalak Melanie J. , al. et 
Published: September 2023

<p>Figure 3 (interactive). Geologic and geophysical maps of southern Klamath Mountains province. Use the radio buttons to toggle between different maps. (A) Geologic map modified from Irwin (1994) showing interpretations of the La Grange fault (LGF) from Cashman and Elder (2002) with hachures on hanging wall, Browns Meadow fault (BMF) (Davis, 1968; this study), and fault-bounded grabens that preserve Weaverville Formation (Irwin 2009, 2010; this study). Faults are solid where known, dashed where inferred, and dotted where concealed. New bedrock apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) mean age locations are shown by large circles; previously published AHe ages are shown by small circles, and apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from Batt et al. (2010b) and Piotraschke et al. (2015) are shown with triangles. Sample locations of new detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions are shown by gray squares. Geologic cross section lines A-A′ (Fig. 4A) and B-B′ (Fig. 4B) are indicated. (B) Isostatic gravity map. Contour interval = 4 mGal. Data are from Snyder et al. (1981), Smith (1984), Pan-American Center for Earth and Environmental Studies (2015), and Langenheim et al. (2023). (C) Isostatic gravity map with horizontal gravity gradient maxima. (D) Aeromagnetic map (North American Magnetic Anomaly Group, 2002).</p>
<p>Figure 10 (interactive). Simplified geologic, gravity, and basin depth maps of the Hayfork graben using water well data. Use the radio buttons to toggle between different maps. (A) Simplified geologic map, modified slightly from Irwin (2010). Quaternary deposits are not shown. (B) Isostatic gravity map. (C) Basin depth map based on inversion of gravity data. </p>
Cancer symptom burden negatively affects health-related quality of life in patients undergoing prehabilitation prior to liver resection: results from a 12-week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kasvis Popi , Vigano Antonio , Bui Tram , Carli Franco , Kilgour Robert D. 
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to (i) explore determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer awaiting liver resection and entering a prehabilitation program, and (ii) examine the effect of prehabilitation on HRQoL in both the pre- and postoperative period. We randomized patients to prehabilitation or rehabilitation. Prehabilitation began an exercise, nutrition, and relaxation intervention 4 weeks preoperatively; rehabilitation began the same intervention postoperatively. We measured the following at baseline, preoperatively, 4 weeks and 8 weeks postoperatively: HRQoL [Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G)], nutritional status [abridged Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (aPG-SGA)], cancer symptom burden [revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r)], fatigue [Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI)] and anxiety/depression [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)], 6 min walking distance, handgrip strength, and body composition. At baseline ( n = 35, prehabilitation = 17), there were significant negative associations between FACT-G and ESAS-r total score ( r = −0.675, p < 0.001), HADS depression ( r = −0.618, p < 0.001), BFI ( r = −0.612, p < 0.001), aPG-SGA ( r = −0.432, p < 0.05), and HADS anxiety ( r = −0.397, p < 0.05). There were no associations between FACT-G and strength/function tests or body composition. Robust multivariate regression analysis revealed ESAS-r was the only variable to consistently remain significant and predictive of baseline FACT-G ( β = −0.67 to −0.83, p < 0.05, R2 = 36%–41%). There were no differences in FACT-G within or between groups at any timepoint. Cancer symptom burden was predictive of poor HRQoL in patients entering a prehabilitation program prior to liver resection. Future prehabilitation studies in this patient population should test whether the addition of supportive care measures to relieve cancer-related symptoms will lead to significant improvements in HRQoL. Clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT03475966. Take home message Cancer symptoms negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer awaiting liver resection. Prehabilitation maintained HRQoL after surgery. Future studies should test whether relieving cancer symptoms can improve HRQoL.
Observational appearance of Kaluza–Klein black holes
Authors: Mirzaev Temurbek , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon A. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Bambi Cosimo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe optical properties of rotating black holes in Kaluza–Klein theory described by the total mass, spin, and electric and magnetic charges are investigated in detail. Using a developed general relativistic ray-tracing code to calculate the motion of photons, shadows of Kaluza–Klein black holes are generated. The properties of the shadow and the light deflection angle around these black holes are also studied in order to put constraints on the parameters of Kaluza–Klein black holes using M87* shadow observations. The possibility of imposing constraints on Kaluza–Klein black holes using shadow observations is investigated. Moreover, we find that small charges (electric and magnetic) of the black hole can meet these constraints. We conclude that with the current precision of the M87* black hole shadow image observation by the EHT collaboration, the shadow observations of Kaluza–Klein black holes are indistinguishable from that of the Kerr black hole. Much better observational accuracy than the current capabilities of the EHT collaboration are required in order to place verified constraints on the parameters of modified theories of gravity in the strong field regime.