bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-line tremelimumab plus durvalumab and chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the United States
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Huo Gengwei , Chen Peng 
Published: July 2023

Importance: In the open-label phase III POSEIDON randomized clinical trial (RCT), a limited course of tremelimumab plus durvalumab and chemotherapy (T + D + CT) indicated in the first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were substantially improved without significant additional tolerance burden compared to chemotherapy (CT). However, given the high cost of T + D + CT, its value needs to be evaluated in terms of both potency and cost.Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of T + D + CT versus CT in individuals with previously untreated mNSCLC from a U.S. payer perspective.Design, setting, and participants: A three-state Markov model was adopted to weigh the lifetime costs and effectiveness of T + D + CT versus CT for the treatment of first-line mNSCLC, according to the results of the POSEIDON phase III RCT involving 675 individuals with mNSCLC. Individuals were simulated to undergo either T + D + CT for up to four 21-day cycles, followed by durvalumab once every 4 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects and one additional tremelimumab dose, or CT for up to six 21-day cycles (with or without pemetrexed maintenance; all groups) in the analysis.Main outcomes and measures: Lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were evaluated with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $ 100,000 to $ 150,000 per QALY. The uncertainty of the model was investigated using univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.Results: T + D + CT produced additional 0.36 QALYs with additional costs of $ 217,694, compared to CT, giving rise to ICERs of $ 608,667.86/QALY. The univariate sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the outcomes were most sensitive to the cost of durvalumab. Other variables with a large or moderate influence were the utility of progression-free survival state, utility of progressive disease state, and cost of tremelimumab. Probability sensitivity analysis revealed that T + D + CT had a 0% probability of cost-effectiveness in individuals with mNSCLC at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $ 100,000 to $ 150,000 per QALY.Conclusion and relevance: In this model, T + D + CT was estimated to be less cost-effective than CT for patients with mNSCLC at a WTP threshold of $ 100,000 to $ 150,000 per QALY in the United States. When new combination therapies with remarkable effect become pivotal in the first-line treatment, the price reduction of durvalumab and tremelimumab may be necessary to achieve cost-effectiveness in future possible context.
Potential effectiveness of digital therapeutics specialized in executive functions as adjunctive treatment for clinical symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a feasibility study
Authors: Sun Tai Hui , Yeom Ji Won , Choi Kwang-Yeon , Kim Jeong-Lan , Lee Heon-Jeong , Kim Hyun-Jin , Cho Chul-Hyun 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe role of digital therapeutics (DTx) in the effective management of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is beginning to gain clinical attention. Therefore, it is essential to verify their potential efficacy.MethodWe aimed to investigate the improvement in the clinical symptoms of ADHD by using DTx AimDT01 (NUROW) (AIMMED Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) specialized in executive functions. NUROW, which consists of Go/No-go Task- and N-Back/Updating-based training modules and a personalized adaptive algorithm system that adjusts the difficulty level according to the user’s performance, was implemented on 30 Korean children with ADHD aged 6 to 12 years. The children were instructed to use the DTx for 15 min daily for 4 weeks. The Comprehensive attention test (CAT) and Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to assess the children at baseline and endpoint. In contrast, the ADHD-Rating Scale (ARS) and PsyToolkit were used weekly and followed up at 1 month, for any sustained effect. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify differences between the participants during visits, while t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to identify changes before and after the DTx.ResultsWe included 27 participants with ADHD in this analysis. The ARS inattention (F = 4.080, p = 0.010), hyperactivity (F = 5.998. p &lt; 0.001), and sum (F = 5.902, p &lt; 0.001) significantly improved. After applying NUROW, internalized (t = −3.557, p = 0.001, 95% CI = −3.682-−0.985), other (Z = −3.434, p = 0.001, effect size = −0.661), and sum scores (t = −3.081, p = 0.005, 95% CI = −10.126-−2.022) were significantly changed in the CBCL. The overall effect was confirmed in the ARS sustained effect analysis even after 1 month of discontinuing the DTx intervention.DiscussionAccording to caregivers, the findings indicate that DTx holds potential effect as an adjunctive treatment in children with ADHD, especially in subjective clinical symptoms. Future studies will require detailed development and application targeting specific clinical domains using DTx with sufficient sample sizes.Clinical trial registration: KCT0007579.
The use of teledentistry in clinical oral and maxillofacial pathology practice: an institutional experience
Authors: Flores-Hidalgo Andres , Collie John , King Shae , Grant Ford T. , Beasley Nicole E. , Moss Mark E. , Tempel Thomas R. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAlthough there has been a slight increase in dental professionals since 2011, 98 of North Carolina's 100 counties are designated as Dental Health Professional Shortage Areas by the Heath Resources and Service Administration. This shortage significantly increases disparities and access to primary and specialized oral health care. Also, dental professionals in these remote locations may feel the access and referrals to oral and maxillofacial pathologists cumbersome. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic prompted an inevitable surge in the use of digital technology due to the social distancing norms and lockdowns, which forced dental education institutions and practitioners to adjust to new ways of meeting, teaching, and providing dental care. In the present manuscript, we report our institutional experience delivering specialized dental care in rural areas.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective case series of diagnosis, management, and outcomes of patients who underwent synchronous or asynchronous virtual and remote examination of oral lesions at ECU School of Dental Medicine and one satellite clinic over seven years. For those cases that concluded on surgical sampling, the clinical impressions, differential diagnoses, and the final diagnosis were compared to assess the accuracy of the clinical exam through teledentistry.ResultsThe total study population consisted of 71 patients. Most of the remote consultations were done asynchronously. Also, most virtual clinical consultations were initiated due to clinical suspicion of malignancy and infectious/reactive conditions, accounting for 42% and 25.3% of all encounters.ConclusionsThe presented data suggest how teledentistry can support clinical practice in rural areas to achieve optimal care for the patient in rural or remote communities. Also, it significantly decreases the travel required, the number of appointments, and increases the speed of diagnosis. Teledentistry is an excellent tool available to all clinicians and can dramatically aid in diagnosing oral mucosa lesions.
A Mixture of LBG Overdensities in the Fields of Three 6 < z < 7 Quasars: Implications for the Robustness of Photometric Selection
Authors: Champagne Jaclyn B. , Casey Caitlin M. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Bagley Micaela , Cooper Olivia R. , Larson Rebecca L. , Long Arianna S. , Wang Feige 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The most luminous quasars at z > 6 are suspected to be both highly clustered and to reside in the most massive dark matter halos in the early universe, making them prime targets to search for galaxy overdensities and/or protoclusters. We search for Lyman-break dropout-selected galaxies using HST WFC3/ACS broadband imaging in the fields of three 6 < z < 7 quasars, as well as for their simultaneously observed coordinated parallel fields, and constrain their photometric redshifts using EAZY. One field, J0305-3150, shows a volume density 10× higher than the blank-field UV luminosity function (UVLF) at M
UV < −20, with tentative evidence of a 3σ overdensity in its parallel field located 15 cMpc away. Another field, J2054–0005, shows an angular overdensity within 500 ckpc from the quasar, but this is still consistent with UVLF predictions within 3σ, while the last field, J2348–3054, shows no enhancement. We discuss methods for reducing uncertainty in overdensity measurements when using photometric selection and show that we can robustly select Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) consistent with being physically associated with the quasar, corroborated by existing JWST/NIRCam WFSS data in the J0305 field. Even accounting for incompleteness, the overdensities in J0305 and J2054 are higher for brighter galaxies at short angular separations, suggesting preferential enhancement of more massive galaxies in the quasar’s immediate vicinity. Finally, we compare the population of LBGs with previously identified [C ii] and millimeter-continuum companions. The LBG overdensities are not accompanied by an enhanced number of dusty galaxies, suggesting that the overdense quasar fields are not in the bursty star-forming phase sometimes seen in high-redshift protoclusters.
Enhancing Student Engagement and Active Participation in Dynamic Electricity Problem-Solving through Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
Authors: Cecep Jaya Subagja  
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the impact of the implementation of Problem-Based Learning method to the student’s engagement and active participation in class.
Research Methodology: This study uses Classroom Action Research with descriptive statistics using the data of student’s engagement and active participation.
Results: The application of problem-based learning can increase student’s engagement and active participation in class.
Limitations: This study analyses the impact of Problem-Based Learning method in Science Class.
Contribution: Problem-Based Learning can be a useful method to increase student’s engagement and active participation in class.
CLONING
Authors: Wicaksana I Putu Adi Wardana , Suweca I Wayan , Aryanto Agustinus Sani 
Published: July 2023

Musik merupakan suatu hasil karya seni berupa bunyi dalam bentuk lagu atau komposisi yang mengungkapkan pikiran dan perasaan penciptanya melalui unsur-unsur pokok musik yaitu irama, melodi, harmoni, dan bentuk atau struktur lagu serta ekspresi sebagai suatu kesatuan. Musik itu sendiri tercipta karena adanya proses kreativitas dari penciptanya, yang meliputi aspek pengalaman, sumber refrensi ataupun jurnal ilmiah. Dalam proses menciptakan suatu komposisi musik, tentunya harus ada pemilihan ide dan konsep yang jelas. Kata cloning menginspirasi ide, konsep dan judul ke dalam karya ini. Kloning sendiri berasal dari kata bahasa Inggris cloning yang berarti suatu usaha untuk menciptakan duplikat suatu organisme melalui proses aseksual. Setelah membaca buku “Kloning: Kemungkinan Teknis dan Implikasi Permasalahan Sosial-Etisnya,”menginspirasi terbentuknya karya Cloning yang mengangkat bentuk musik minimalis dengan perpaduan teknik drone, ostinato, rhythmic displacement, dan layering. Proses kreativitas dalam pembuatan karya ini memiliki beberapa kendala baik dari pemilihan instrument maupun pemilihan melodi, chord, dan ritmis. Hal tersebut merupakan sebuah proses yang dilewat sehingga bisa menghasilkan karya dengan baik sebagai hasil akhirnya.
Factors Affecting Student Compliance in Asynchronous Classes of the Grade 11 Students
Authors: Guavis Jeenadine , Zaballero Adrienne 
Published: July 2023

Students’ compliance has long been a recurring problem for educators in the academe. In Online Distance Learning, compliance-based activities are the main output teachers generate students’ grades from. Hence, students’ submissions during synchronous and asynchronous sessions are highly expected. This study aimed to ascertain the factors affecting Student Compliance, and the student’s commitment to submit tasks and outputs within the given time, as required in a course, in Asynchronous Classes of the Grade 11 Students of DLSZ-Vermosa. Eighty-six students and three English teachers were respondents to this mixed-methods research. Qualitative data collected from open-ended questions and focus group discussions among teachers and students were coded into categories thematically. Students’ performance in terms of compliance was measured through documentary analysis of the recorded number of output submissions via Google Classroom and Google Spreadsheet record, respectively. Factors affecting student compliance were determined through a researchers-constructed 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Results revealed that Personal Constraints, Resource Constraints, and LMS/Instruction constraints do not significantly affect the students’ compliance in asynchronous classes. Among the four factors, only the environment or physiological constraints significantly influence the students’ compliance in asynchronous classes. Thus, the extent of the effect of the environment or physiological constraints is moderate to students’ compliance in asynchronous classes.
Selected haematological markers and C-reactive protein, not AGTR1 SNP, are associated with essential hypertension in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
Authors: Mbaabu Amos , Mangare Caroline , Wangulu Collins , Mbugua Amos 
Published: July 2023

Background: Essential Hypertension (EH) accounts for majority of hypertension cases globally. Genetic factors along with haematological and biochemical changes may underlie EH and these have not been well studied in Kenya. A meta-analysis in African populations (excluding East Africa) identified the 1166A>C (rs5186) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1) that encodes the angiotensin II type 1 receptor as likely to predispose some Africans to hypertension.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine whether the AGTR1 (rs5186) mutation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and selected haematological biomarkers may be associated with the onset of EH in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya).
Study Design: A case control study design was adopted.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from March to July 2022 at Chuka County Referral Hospital in Tharaka Nithi County.
Methodology: A total of 272 participants, both hypertensive and normotensive, were recruited and blood samples obtained. DNA was extracted and analyzed by PCR RFLP. Independent T-test, Mann Whitney U test and Odds ratios were used to compare the two groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Median values for Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), C-reactive Protein (CRP) and mean values for Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher (P < .001) in hypertensive group compared to normotensive individuals. Mean Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) was not significantly different between cases and controls. (P=.519) There was no significant association between the AGTR1 1166A>C (rs5186) SNP frequency and EH in both groups (P=0.6236, OR=0.4952(95%CI:0.0442-5.5456)
Conclusion: The AGTR1 (rs5186) SNP is not associated with EH in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. EH is associated with elevated levels of CRP, RDW, MPV and NLR in the absence of other inflammatory and chronic diseases. Further studies of the genetics of hypertension in Kenya need to be conducted.
High flux novel polymeric membrane for renal applications
Authors: Hestekin Christa N. , Pakkaner Efecan , Hestekin Jamie A. , De Souza Leticia Santos , Chowdhury Partha Pratim , Marçal Juliana Louzada , Moore John , Hesse Sarah A. , Takacs Christopher J. , Tassone Christopher J. , Dachavaram Soma Shekar , Crooks Peter A. , Williams Kate , Kurtz Ira 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiocompatibility and the ability to mediate the appropriate flux of ions, urea, and uremic toxins between blood and dialysate components are key parameters for membranes used in dialysis. Oxone-mediated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be excellent additives in the production and tunability of ultrafiltration and dialysis membranes. In the present study, nanocellulose ionic liquid membranes (NC-ILMs) were tested in vitro and ex vivo. An increase in flux of up to two orders of magnitude was observed with increased rejection (about 99.6%) of key proteins compared to that of polysulfone (PSf) and other commercial membranes. NC-ILMs have a sharper molecular weight cut-off than other phase inversion polymeric membranes, allowing for high throughput of urea and a uremic toxin surrogate and limited passage of proteins in dialysis applications. Superior anti-fouling properties were also observed for the NC-ILMs, including a > 5-h operation time with no systemic anticoagulation in blood samples. Finally, NC-ILMs were found to be biocompatible in rat ultrafiltration and dialysis experiments, indicating their potential clinical utility in dialysis and other blood filtration applications. These superior properties may allow for a new class of membranes for use in a wide variety of industrial applications, including the treatment of patients suffering from renal disease.
Effective strategy to cope the pain and discomfort among women undergoing mammography - A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rahim Anila , Rasheed Binish , Adil Syed Omair , Naz Nasreen , Aslam Neha 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the role of paracetamol in reducing pain and discomfort during the mammography procedure.
Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted at DIR, Ojha and LEJ Campus of DUHS from November 2019 to May 2021. All females aged above 40 years undergoing first time mammogram (screening or diagnostic) were enrolled. Of 639 included participants, 321 were included in paracetamol and 318 in placebo group. Patients in both the groups took medication orally which was customized by the Dow Pharmacy. The degree of pain felt during the mammography procedure was the outcome variable that was measured using Visual Analogue Scale.
Results: The overall pain was found in 506 (79.19%) women. Pain was significantly higher in women who were in placebo group as compared to patients who were in paracetamol group, i.e., 280 (55.3%) and 226 (44.7%) (p-value <0.001). After adjustment of other covariates, the odds of pain was 3.64 times significantly higher in women who were in placebo group than that of women in paracetamol group (OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.31-5.74). Moreover, >25kg/m2 BMI was 2.84 times, 22.6-25 kg/m2 BMI was 2.29 times, nulligravida was 3.56 times, menopausal status was 2.23 times, pre-menopausal status was 4.51 times, and family history of breast cancer was 2.33 times significantly more likely to have pain. No post-trial complications were observed in both the groups.
Conclusion: The use of paracetamol prior to the mammography procedure was found to be an effective intervention to reduce the pain among women.
Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT04381104.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7500
How to cite this: Rahim A, Rasheed B, Adil SO, Naz N, Aslam N. Effective strategy to cope the pain and discomfort among women undergoing mammography - A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7500
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cuidados formales y mujeres rurales en Andalucía: una aproximación a su realidad sociolaboral desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Morcillo-Martinez Juana María , Fernández Morcillo Elisa , Fernández Morcillo Amanda 
Published: July 2023

En las zonas rurales de Andalucía la participación de la mujer que trabaja en el ámbito de los cuidados formales es poco valorada. Es importante el conocimiento de esta realidad con la finalidad de visibilizarlas y avanzar en materia de consecución de derechos para conseguir su inclusión sociolaboral y empoderamiento. En este estudio presentamos los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue analizar cuatro cuestiones claves como referente claro de integración sociolaboral de mujeres rurales cuidadoras en Andalucía: (I) ¿en qué trabajan y en qué condiciones?, (II) ¿por qué quieren trabajar?, (III) ¿qué tipo de actuaciones acrecientan la inserción sociolaboral en el ámbito rural? (IV) ¿cuáles son los efectos derivados del COVID en su inserción laboral? Para ello, hemos utilizado la metodología cualitativa, a través de la técnica de la entrevista en profundidad. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de poner en marcha estrategias que favorezcan su inclusión sociolaboral donde queden erradicadas situaciones de explotación laboral. Estas actuaciones han de ser adaptadas a sus verdaderas necesidades y basadas en el liderazgo y empoderamiento de las mujeres rurales que realizan su labor profesional en el ámbito de los cuidados formales en Andalucía.
CHARACTERISTIC, ORIGINAL AND FORMING CONDITION OF GRAINED SEDIMENTS IN SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS OF TONKIN GULF
Authors: Thanh Dinh Xuan , Nghi Tran , Lan Nguyen Thanh , Tha Hoang Van 
Published: July 2023

Based on original characteristics, the grained size surficial sediments on bottom Tonkin Gulf was divided into 3 groups: provenance of sediments related to igenous and sedimentwy rocks, provenance of sediments are materials of late Pleistocene weathering crust and provenance of bioturbance materials. Especially, the second group was detailed classified by mineral and chemical compositions, such as: lateritzed curdles, clastics rich in iron, clastics rich in Ca; and iron, cancite clatics.Sediments what originated from igenous and sedimentaJy rock are distributed around Bach Long Vi Island at 50 - 60 water depth. They were supplied from Bach Long Vi Island or continental. The continental provenance of sediment was transported by ancient river systems what formed in the regression phase in late Pleistocene (Q13b). Destroyed weathering crustal sediments are originated from uppermost of late Pleistocene marine sediments (m Q13b) what affected by marine wave dynamic in Flandrian transgression phase.