bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Heuristic Strategy Assisted Deep Learning Models for Brain Tumor Classification and Abnormality Segmentation
Authors: Kumar Veesam Pavan , Pattanaik Satya Ranjan , Kumar V. V. Sunil 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBrain tumors are prevalent forms of malignant neoplasms that, depending on their type, location, and grade, can significantly reduce life expectancy due to their invasive nature and potential for rapid progression. Accordingly, brain tumors classification is an essential step that allows doctors to perform appropriate treatment. Many studies have been done in the sector of medical image processing by employing computational methods to effectively segment and classify tumors. However, the larger amount of information collected by healthcare images prohibits the manual segmentation process in a reasonable time frame, reducing error measures in healthcare settings. Therefore, automated and efficient techniques for segmentation are crucial. In addition, various visual information, noisy images, occlusion, uneven image textures, confused objects, and other features may impact the process. Therefore, the implementation of deep learning provides remarkable results in medicinal image processing, particularly in the segmentation and classification process. However, conventional deep learning‐assisted methods struggle with complex structures and dimensional issues. Thus, this paper develops an effective technique for diagnosing brain tumors. The main aspect of the proposed system is to classify the brain tumor types by segmenting the affected regions of the raw images. This novel approach can be applied for various applications like diagnostic centers, decision‐making tools, clinical trials, medical research institutes, disease prognosis, and so on. Initially, the requisite images are collected from standard datasets and further, it is subjected to the segmentation period. In this stage, the Multi‐scale and Dilated TransUNet++ (MDTUNet++) model is employed to segment the abnormalities. Further, the segmented images are given into an Adaptive Dilated Dense Residual Attention Network (ADDRAN) to classify the brain tumor types. Here, to optimize the ADDRAN technique's parameters, an Improved Hermit Crab Optimizer (IHCO) is supported, which increases the accuracy rates of the overall network. Finally, the numerical examination is conducted to guarantee the robustness and usefulness of the designed model by contrasting it with other related techniques. For Dataset 1, the accuracy value attains 93.71 for the proposed work compared to 87.86 for CNN, 90.18 for DenseNet, and 89.56 and 90.96 for RAN and DRAN, respectively. Thus, supremacy has been achieved for the recommended system while detecting the brain tumor types.
An Enhanced Cross‐Attention Based Multimodal Model for Depression Detection
Authors: Kou Yifan , Ge Fangzhen , Chen Debao , Shen Longfeng , Liu Huaiyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDepression, a prevalent mental disorder in modern society, significantly impacts people's daily lives. Recently, there have been advancements in developing automated diagnosis models for detecting depression. However, data scarcity, primarily due to privacy concerns, has posed a challenge. Traditional speech features have limitations in representing knowledge for depression diagnosis, and the complexity of deep learning algorithms necessitates substantial data support. Furthermore, existing multimodal methods based on neural networks overlook the heterogeneity gap between different modalities, potentially resulting in redundant information. To address these issues, we propose a multimodal depression detection model based on the Enhanced Cross‐Attention (ECA) Mechanism. This model effectively explores text‐speech interactions while considering modality heterogeneity. Data scarcity has been mitigated by fine‐tuning pre‐trained models. Additionally, we design a modal fusion module based on ECA, which emphasizes similarity responses and updates the weight of each modal feature based on the similarity information between modal features. Furthermore, for speech feature extraction, we have reduced the computational complexity of the model by integrating a multi‐window self‐attention mechanism with the Fourier transform. The proposed model is evaluated on the public dataset, DAIC‐WOZ, achieving an accuracy of 80.0% and an average F1 value improvement of 4.3% compared with relevant methods.
Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin and metformin on hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis: Sub‐analysis of a randomized controlled study
Authors: Hirayama Kiichi , Koshizaka Masaya , Ishibashi Ryoichi , Shoji Mayumi , Horikoshi Takuro , Sakurai Kenichi , Yokote Koutaro ,   PRIME‐V Study Group
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsTo compare the effects of ipragliflozin, a sodium‐dependent glucose transporter‐2 inhibitor, and those of metformin on the visceral fat area (VFA), a prospective, multi‐centre, open‐label, blinded‐endpoint, randomized, controlled study was undertaken. The generated data were used to examine the effects of ipragliflozin and metformin on indices of hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis.Materials and MethodsIn total, 103 Japanese patients with type‐2 diabetes (T2D), body mass index (BMI) of ≥22 kg/m2 and glycated haemoglobin level of 7%–10% were randomly administered ipragliflozin 50 mg or metformin 1000 mg for 24 weeks. Various parameters, including hepatic steatosis indices, fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease‐liver fat score (NAFLD‐LFS), liver fibrosis indices, AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index, were compared in the sub‐analyses. The correlations between changes in each index and VFA were evaluated.ResultsAt baseline, patients demonstrated moderate hepatic steatosis, with FLI scores of 52.9 ± 26.6 and 57.8 ± 29.0 in the ipragliflozin and metformin groups, respectively. At 24 weeks, compared with metformin, ipragliflozin showed improvements in hepatic steatosis indices: FLI (−9.24 ± 10.7 vs. −3.45 ± 11.8, p = 0.013), HSI (−1.45 ± 2.32 vs. −0.45 ± 1.87, p = 0.021), NAFLD‐LFS (−0.70 ± 1.46 vs. −0.04 ± 0.98, p = 0.011) and liver fibrosis index: APRI (−0.110 ± 0.323 vs. 0.033 ± 0.181, p = 0.010). In the ipragliflozin group, changes in FLI and HSI were correlated with VFA reduction (r = 0.340, p = 0.024; r = 0.367, p = 0.011, respectively).ConclusionsCompared with metformin, ipragliflozin improved multiple hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis indices, suggesting that ipragliflozin exerts potential hepatoprotective effects in early‐stage liver disease associated with T2D.
The impact of clinical phenotypes of coronary artery disease on outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: A post‐hoc analysis of GLORIA‐AF registry
Authors: Huang Bi , Liu Yang , Lam Ho Man , Ishiguchi Hironori , Chao Tze‐Fan , Huisman Menno V. , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   the GLORIA‐AF Investigators
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist, but the impact of clinical phenotypes of CAD on outcomes in AF patients in the non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant drugs (NOACs) era is less well understood.MethodsThis was a post‐hoc of the GLORIA‐AF registry, a global, multicenter, prospective AF registry study. Patients were divided into three groups: prior history of myocardial infarction (MI)/unstable angina group (Group 1); stable angina group (Group 2); and a control group without stable angina or history of MI/unstable angina. The primary endpoint was the composite of all‐cause death or stroke, and the safety endpoint was major bleeding.ResultsA total of 24,827 patients were included in this analysis (median age was 71 (IQR, 64–78) years; 55% male) and 5394 (21.7%) had CAD. During a follow‐up of 2 years, the incidence of the primary endpoint was 5.99 (95% CI, 5.33, 6.71) per 100 patient‐years in Group 1, 4.04 (95% CI, 3.55, 4.70) per 100 patient‐years in Group 2, and 2.79 (95% CI, 2.62, 2.96) per 100 patient‐years in the control group (p < .001). Compared the control group, the adjusted hazard ratio of the primary composite endpoint in Groups 1 and 2 were 1.58 (95% CI, 1.37, 1.83, p < .001) and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.04, 1.43, p = .012), respectively. Among anticoagulated patients with AF and CAD, NOACs were associated with a reduced risk of the primary composite endpoint and major bleeding, compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKA).ConclusionsCAD was prevalent in patients with AF, and clinical phenotypes of CAD influenced outcomes in patients with AF, with a history of MI/unstable angina being associated with a significantly increased risk of CV events, compared to stable angina. NOACs were superior to VKA in terms of the effectiveness and safety outcomes in patients with AF and concomitant CAD.
Elevated Temperature Diminishes Reciprocal Selection in an Experimental Plant‐Pollinator‐Herbivore System
Authors: Rusman Quint , Traine Juan , Schiestl Florian P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe geographic mosaic of coevolution predicts reciprocal selection, the first step in coevolution, to vary with changing biotic and abiotic environmental conditions. Studying how temperature affects reciprocal selection is essential to connect effects of global warming on the microevolutionary patterns of coevolution to the ecological processes underlying them. In this study, we investigated whether temperature influenced reciprocal selection between a plant (Brassica rapa) and its pollinating butterfly herbivore (Pieris rapae). In two temperature environments (ambient and hot), we measured the phenotypes of plants and butterflies, their interactions and fitness, which we used to calculate reciprocal selection. We found a variety of traits involved in reciprocal selection in the ambient environment, but none in the hot environment. We provide experimental evidence that elevated temperature weakens reciprocal selection, which will help better predict the consequences of global warming for coevolution.
The Valemee Visual System Helps Reduce Risk for Chronic Illness by Promoting Physical Fitness, Self‐Efficacy and Independence in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Dujmovic‐Bračak Anthony , Blazek Alisa D. , Post Emily M. , Goodway Jacqueline D. , Swain Carmen B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSedentary behaviour among individuals with intellectual disabilities, driven by barriers such as limited access to adapted programs and low self‐efficacy, contributes to chronic health conditions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Valemee Visual System (VVS), a novel tool offering visual support and structured exercise programming, in improving physical fitness and promoting exercise independence in this population.MethodsA repeated measures design was employed with an 8‐week intervention involving 22 participants aged 22–44 with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. The program utilised the VVS for total body fitness training.ResultsParticipants demonstrated significant improvements in grip strength, sit‐to‐stand performance, bench press capacity, 400‐m walk time, and flexibility. Self‐efficacy increased, and reduced reliance on prompts indicated greater exercise independence and autonomy.ConclusionsThe VVS shows promise in enhancing physical fitness, accessibility, and adherence in adults with intellectual disabilities, supporting long‐term health and reducing chronic disease risk.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Point‐Of‐Care aMMP‐8 Test for Discriminating Periodontal Health Status in Adults: Validation Trials and Updated Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Kung Julie Choi Ka , Shi Junyu , Wu Xinyu , Lam Steve Lut Ting , Deng Ke , Zhang Xiao , Lai Hongchang , Pelekos George , Jin Lijian , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) point‐of‐care oral rinse test (POC‐ORT) for predicting periodontitis in treatment‐naïve subjects in two independent studies and update a recent meta‐analysis.MethodsThe aMMP‐8 POC‐ORT index test was performed in a representative population in Hong Kong, China, and a consecutive convenience sample in Shanghai, China. The reference standard was the 2017 World Workshop classification of periodontal diseases. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve were assessed. The original data were used to update a recent Bayesian meta‐analysis following the current Cochrane guideline for diagnostic trials. The GRADE framework was used to interpret the strength and certainty of the evidence.ResultsThree‐hundred and eighty‐four and 390 subjects were enrolled in the Hong Kong and Shanghai studies, respectively; 74.5% and 67.2% had periodontitis. An aMMP‐8‐positive test predicted periodontitis with an AUROC of 0.661 and 0.669 in the two studies. The updated systematic review and meta‐analysis included eight studies and 2048 subjects. After considering the risk of bias, indirectness, inconsistency, imprecision and publication bias, it showed moderate certainty of a sensitivity of 0.59 (95% CrI: 0.42–0.75), a specificity of 0.82 (95% CrI: 0.68–0.93) and a hierarchical summary AUROC of 0.77 (95% CrI: 0.74–0.81).ConclusionThere is moderate certainty that the aMMP‐8 POC‐ORT test predicts periodontitis with low to moderate sensitivity, moderate to high specificity, and moderate accuracy. Its high false‐negative rate does not allow the replacement of clinical examinations when available. The moderate to high positive predictive value shows the potential utility of a positive test for self‐detection or co‐management of periodontitis in a medical setting and its incorporation in multi‐test diagnostics. Further investigations are highly warranted.
Reducing material use and their greenhouse gas emissions in Greater Oslo
Authors: Rousseau Lola S. A. , Næss Jan Sandstad , Carrer Fabio , Amini Sara , Brattebø Helge , Hertwich Edgar G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResource efficiency strategies are key to reduce material use and help limit global warming to below 2°C in 2100. Understanding the role of such strategies at the municipal level requires a localized approach. Here we evaluate a ramp‐up of resource efficiency strategies and their associated effects on car use and climate benefits toward 2050 for 19 individual subregions within the Greater Oslo region in Norway. In our scenarios, material stocks increase from 356 megatonnes (Mt) in 2022 to 361–381 Mt in 2050 driven by population growth, with low‐end estimate relying on a sufficiency (SUF) scenario limiting floor area per capita and banning new single‐family houses. The SUF scenario reduces total material consumption until 2050 (50.5 Mt) with 28% relative to a business‐as‐usual (BAU) scenario (70.8 Mt) with continuation of ongoing trends, thereby reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from material production by 21% (BAU: 11.8 MtCO2‐eq, SUF: 9.4 MtCO2‐eq). If resource efficiency strategies are combined with material production decarbonization in‐line with a 2°C scenario, a 35% reduction in emissions is achievable (7.7 MtCO2‐eq). Car ownership rates and traveled distance per capita decrease in the SUF scenario compared to 2022 with 11%. Assuming the current relationship between settlement characteristics and transport demand, total driving distance fails to decline due to population growth. Limiting the floor‐area per capita in residential buildings significantly decreases material demand. Resource efficiency strategies including densification need to be complemented with a rapid decarbonization of material supply and stronger incentives to move away from car driving to maximize climate change mitigation. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
The Effect of Local Hyaluronic Acid Injection on Skin Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhou Rongying , Yu Mei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAging reduces the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the skin, leading to wrinkles and sagging. HA‐based skincare products are being studied to improve skin quality. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of HA‐based injectable products for reducing wrinkles and enhancing skin elasticity, hydration, and radiation.MethodsEligible trial reports were found by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science systematically until May 2024. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of HA injection on skin aging. The protocol of the study has been registered in PROSPERO with a registration ID of CRD42024540703.ResultsOverall, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 6 studies had enough data for meta‐analysis. The random‐effect meta‐analysis showed improved hydration (SMD = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.14–2.54, and p < 0.05) and radiance (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.22–0.80, and p < 0.05) after HA filler injection. However, there was no significant difference in elasticity (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI = −0.20–0.70, and p = 0.27) and melanin index (SMD = −1.74, 95% CI = −4.89–1.41, p = 0.28) compared to controls.ConclusionsAccording to the results of a meta‐analysis, hyaluronic acid injections have been found to improve skin hydration and radiance, thus reversing the effects of skin aging. However, the study did not find any significant changes in the skin's elasticity or melanin index. Further research is required to confirm the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in treating skin aging.
The Tyranny of the Abstract
Authors: Sayer Derek 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSubmitting an invited text for the Anthropology and Humanism festschrift “Hundreds for Katie,” I experienced cognitive dissonance between the objectives of ethnographic writing championed by Kathleen Stewart and the journal's submission requirements. The insistence that every submission must contain keywords and an abstract signifies deeper issues with academic writing. Specific forms of writing enforce the disciplinary norms of Thomas Kuhn's “normal science.” To “write difference”, we may need to write differently. The paper draws inter alia on works by Kathleen Stewart, Lauren Berlant, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Peter Winch, Walter Benjamin, James Clifford, Georges Bataille, and members of the Mass–Observation group.
Elevated Hepatic Copper Content in Porto‐Sinusoidal Vascular Disorder (PSVD): Leading Down a Wrong Track
Authors: Balcar Lorenz , Dominik Nina , Mozayani Behrang , Semmler Georg , Halilbasic Emina , Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas , Trauner Michael , Scheiner Bernhard , Stättermayer Albert Friedrich 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsPorto‐sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) is a rare vascular liver disorder characterised by specific histological findings in the absence of cirrhosis, which is poorly understood in terms of pathophysiology. While elevated hepatic copper content serves as diagnostic hallmark in Wilson disease (WD), hepatic copper content has not yet been investigated in PSVD.MethodsPatients with a verified diagnosis of PSVD at the Medical University of Vienna and available hepatic copper content at the time of diagnosis of PSVD were retrospectively included. Elevated hepatic copper content was correlated with cholestatic changes and WD diagnostics in PSVD and analysed for liver‐related outcomes (first/further hepatic decompensation/liver‐related death).ResultsOverall, 92 patients were included into this study (mean age 49 ± 16; 57% male; median hepatic copper content was 30 [IQR: 18–55] μg/g) of whom 29 (32%) had moderately (≥ 50 μg/g) and 4 (4%) strongly (≥ 250 μg/g) elevated hepatic copper content.Elevated levels of hepatic copper were associated with younger age in multivariable linear regression analysis. After adjusting for age, decompensation status and albumin, hepatic copper content was significantly associated with the outcome of interest (log, per 10; aHR: 1.60 [95% CI: 1.14–2.25]; p = 0.007). A hepatic copper cut‐off at ≥ 90 μg/g identified PSVD patients with considerable risk of liver‐related outcomes (at 2 years: 51% vs. 12%).ConclusionElevated hepatic copper seems frequent in patients with PSVD even in the absence of cholestatic features, especially in young patients, which makes differential diagnosis to WD challenging. Since PSVD patients with elevated hepatic copper content had increased risk for liver‐related outcomes, the pathomechanisms underlying hepatic copper accumulation in PSVD should be investigated as this may open new therapeutic avenues.
Predictive Model of Self‐Management and Quality of Life for Patients on Hemodialysis Using Information‐Motivation‐Behavioral Skills Model: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Sung Reul , Kim Hye Young , Ko Eun , Kang No Eul , Lee Kang Sun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model to enhance self‐management and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis, using the Information‐Motivation‐Behavioral (IMB) skills model. A cross‐sectional study design was employed, with data collected from 245 participants selected through convenience sampling from seven hemodialysis centers in the Republic of Korea. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and path analysis, utilizing Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 27 and Amos 23.0. In patients undergoing hemodialysis, family income, self‐management knowledge, attitude toward self‐management, and social support were found to influence quality of life indirectly through self‐efficacy and self‐management. In contrast, comorbidities and duration of hemodialysis were found to have a direct impact on quality of life. The IMB model, incorporating individual‐level factors proves to be an effective framework for predicting self‐management and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Enhancing self‐management and quality of life remains a critical issue for this population.
MEDIATOR15 destabilizes DELLA protein to promote gibberellin‐mediated plant development
Authors: Ohama Naohiko , Moo Teck Lim , Chung KwiMi , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Boonyaves Kulaporn , Urano Daisuke , Chua Nam‐Hai 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Mediator, a transcriptional coactivator, regulates plant growth and development by interacting with various transcriptional regulators. MEDIATOR15 (MED15) is a subunit in the Mediator complex potentially involved in developmental control.
To uncover molecular functions of Arabidopsis MED15 in development, we searched for its interactors. MED15 was found to interact with DELLA proteins, which negatively regulate gibberellic acid (GA) signaling and positively regulate GA biosynthesis.
Mutants and overexpressors of MED15 exhibited multiple GA‐related growth phenotypes, which resembled the phenotypes of the DELLA overexpressor and mutant, respectively. Consistent with this observation, DELLA protein levels were inversely correlated with MED15 protein levels, suggesting that MED15 activates GA signaling through DELLA degradation. MED15 was required not only for DELLA‐mediated induction of GA‐biosynthesis gene expression but also for GA‐mediated degradation of DELLA. Therefore, MED15 facilitates DELLA destruction not only by promoting GA biosynthesis but also by accelerating DELLA turnover. Furthermore, MED15‐mediated GA signaling was required for timely developmental responses to dark and warm conditions.
Our results provide insight into developmental control by Mediator via precise regulation of DELLA stability. These findings are potentially useful for the generation of new crop cultivars with ideal body architecture.