bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What issues are data scientists talking about? Identification of current data science issues using semantic content analysis of Q&A communities
Authors: Gurcan Fatih 
Published: May 2023

Background
Because of the growing involvement of communities from various disciplines, data science is constantly evolving and gaining popularity. The growing interest in data science-based services and applications presents numerous challenges for their development. Therefore, data scientists frequently turn to various forums, particularly domain-specific Q&A websites, to solve difficulties. These websites evolve into data science knowledge repositories over time. Analysis of such repositories can provide valuable insights into the applications, topics, trends, and challenges of data science.

Methods
In this article, we investigated what data scientists are asking by analyzing all posts to date on DSSE, a data science-focused Q&A website. To discover main topics embedded in data science discussions, we used latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a probabilistic approach for topic modeling.

Results
As a result of this analysis, 18 main topics were identified that demonstrate the current interests and issues in data science. We then examined the topics’ popularity and difficulty. In addition, we identified the most commonly used tasks, techniques, and tools in data science. As a result, “Model Training”, “Machine Learning”, and “Neural Networks” emerged as the most prominent topics. Also, “Data Manipulation”, “Coding Errors”, and “Tools” were identified as the most viewed (most popular) topics. On the other hand, the most difficult topics were identified as “Time Series”, “Computer Vision”, and “Recommendation Systems”. Our findings have significant implications for many data science stakeholders who are striving to advance data-driven architectures, concepts, tools, and techniques.
The Zoige pioneer plant Leymus secalinus has different endophytic bacterial community structures to adapt to environmental conditions
Authors: Xia Yue , He Ruipeng , Xu Wanru , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2023

Background
Leymus secalinus is a pioneer plant grown in the Zoige desertified alpine grassland and it is also one of the dominant plant species used for environmental remediation. L. secalinus plays a large role in vegetation reconstruction in sandy land, but the abundance and diversity of its endophytes have not yet been investigated.

Objectives
This study was performed to investigate the changes in the endophytic bacterial community structure of L. secalinus under different ecological environments and to analyze the effects of environmental changes and different plant tissues on the L. secalinus endophytic bacteria.

Methods
Leaf, stem, and root tissue samples of L. secalinus were collected from Zoige Glassland (Alpine sandy land) and an open field nursery (Control). DNA was extracted and the 16S ribosomal DNA was amplified. The sequence library was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform and clustered by operational taxonomic units (OTUs). α-diversity and β-diversity analyses, species diversity analyses, functional prediction, and redundancy (RDA) analyses for the soil physicochemical properties were conducted.

Results
α-diversity and β-diversity analyses showed that the endophytic bacteria in L. secalinus varied in different areas and tissues. The abundance of Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, which is related to nitrogen fixation, increased significantly in the L. secalinus found in the Zoige Grassland.
Moreover, the abundance of nutrition metabolism and anti-stress abilities increased in functional prediction in the desert samples. The soil physicochemical properties had an insignificant influence on bacterial diversity.

Conclusion
The changes in the endophytic bacterial community structure in L. secalinus were significant and were caused by environmental alterations and plant choice. The endophytic bacteria in L. secalinus grown in alpine sandy land may have greater anti-stress properties and the ability to fix nitrogen, which has potential value in environmental remediation and agricultural production.
An Analysis of Constraints Faced by the Farmers and Intermediaries in Cultivation and Value Addition of Pineapple in Manipur State
Authors: Devi Haobam Dimashree , Mahendran K. , Kumar D. Suresh , Rohini A. 
Published: May 2023

Aims: With many Manipur farmers depending on pineapple cultivation, it was essential to understand the constraints faced by the farmers in pineapple cultivation. Thus, the study aimed to identify the constraints on pineapple cultivation and value-addition activities in the State of Manipur.
Study Design: Manipur was purposively selected for the study. Totally three major pineapple growing districts of Manipur viz Senapati, Churachandpur, and Thoubal were considered, 120 pineapple farmers and 60 intermediaries were interviewed with the help of a well-structured questionnaire for collection of suitable information.
Methodology: The Garrett ranking technique was used to analyze the data.
Results: Lack of awareness on production technology, lack of seasonal labour, lack of physical facilities for processing, lack of training/awareness on pineapple processing, less government support, lack of cold storage and lack of metallic and link roads were the major constraints faced by the pineapple farmers and intermediaries of Manipur.
Typhoid Fever: Azithromycin vs. Ceftriaxone for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Cases in Children
Authors: Yasmeen Onayza , Murad Tauhida , Sultana Afroza , Khan Zubaida , Nahar Sharmin 
Published: May 2023

Background: Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body, affecting many organs. Without prompt treatment, it can cause serious complications and can be fatal. It's caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi, In areas where there are few carriers of the typhoid bacterium, the disease is uncommon. It's also unusual to find places with sanitary water treatment and waste management systems. Nowadays both Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone are used for the treatment of mild to moderate cases in children.
Objective: To assess the outcome of treatment of Acute Typhoid Fever with Azithromycin vs Ceftriaxone in Children with no other complication.
Methods: This comparative study was carried out at tertiary hospital from January 2019 to January 2020. Where 200 patients coming to the hospital were initially screened in the outpatient department. During the study period, all children 5-18 years of age who, according to the outpatient department physician, had a diagnosis of typhoid fever were admitted to hospital. After admission to the ward, Among 200 patients, 100 patients treated with azithromycin (7 days of 10 mg/kg/day (maximum dose, 500 mg/day) and 100 patients treated with ceftriaxone were cured (P > .05).
Results: During the study, majority belong to 5-10 years age group and 45% live in semipucca building followed by 60% drink Supply water without boiling and 80% cases were accustomed to solely home made food and outside of food. Clinical characteristics of azithromycin and ceftriaxone recipients who had typhoid fever and for whom blood cultures were positive where in azithromycin group mean duration of hospital stay was 9.8 days followed by 100 cases showed salmonella typhi positive.
Whereas in Ceftriaxone group mean duration of hospital stay was 9.0 days followed by 100 cases showed positivity in salmonella typhi positive. In azithromycin group 90% were cured by day 7 followed by 86% were cured microbiologically, plus no relapse cases were found.
Whereas in ceftriaxone case 80% were cured by day 7 followed by 78% were cured microbiologically, plus 5 relapse cases were found.
Conclusion: Oral azithromycin given once daily appears to be beneficial in the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children. If these findings are verified, the agent could be a viable therapeutic option for typhoid fever, especially in developing nations where medical resources are limited.
An Amphiphilic Entangled Network Design Toward Ultratough Hydrogels
Authors: Hou Xunan , Huang Binting , Zhou Lili , Liu Siqi , Kong Junhua , He Chaobin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrogels find important roles in biomedicine, wearable electronics, and soft robotics, but their mechanical properties are often unsatisfactory. Conventional tough hydrogel designs are based on hydrophilic networks with sacrificial bonds, while the incorporation of hydrophobic polymers into hydrogels is less well understood. In this work, a hydrogel toughening strategy is demonstrated by introducing a hydrophobic polymer as reinforcement. Semicrystalline hydrophobic polymer chains are “woven” into a hydrophilic network via entropy‐driven miscibility. In‐situ‐formed sub‐micrometer crystallites stiffen the network, while entanglements between hydrophobic polymer and hydrophilic network enable large deformation before failure. The hydrogels are stiff, tough, and durable at high swelling ratios of 6–10, and the mechanical properties are tunable. Moreover, they can effectively encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules.
All‐Day Multicyclic Atmospheric Water Harvesting Enabled by Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel with Hybrid Desorption Mode
Authors: Shan He , Poredoš Primož , Ye Zhanyu , Qu Hao , Zhang Yaoxin , Zhou Mengjuan , Wang Ruzhu , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is a promising approach for mitigating worldwide water scarcity. However, reliable water supply driven by sustainable energy regardless of diurnal variation and weather remains a long‐standing challenge. To address this issue, a polyelectrolyte hydrogel sorbent with an optimal hybrid‐desorption multicyclic‐operation strategy is proposed, achieving all‐day AWH and a significant increase in daily water production. The polyelectrolyte hydrogel possesses a large interior osmotic pressure of 659 atm, which refreshes sorption sites by continuously migrating the sorbed water within its interior, and thus enhancing sorption kinetics. The charged polymeric chains coordinate with hygroscopic salt ions, anchoring the salts and preventing agglomeration and leakage, thereby enhancing cyclic stability. The hybrid desorption mode, which couples solar energy and simulated waste heat, introduces a uniform and adjustable sorbent temperature for achieving all‐day ultrafast water release. With rapid sorption–desorption kinetics, an optimization model suggests that eight moisture capture–release cycles are capable of achieving high water yield of 2410 mLwater kgsorbent−1 day−1, up to 3.5 times that of single‐cyclic non‐hybrid modes. The polyelectrolyte hydrogel sorbent and the coupling with sustainable energy driven desorption mode pave the way for the next‐generation AWH systems, significantly bringing freshwater on a multi‐kilogram scale closer.
Coherent Dynamics in Solutions of Colloidal Plexcitonic Nanohybrids at Room Temperature
Authors: Peruffo Nicola , Mancin Fabrizio , Collini Elisabetta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe increasing ability to prepare systems with nanoscale resolution and address their optical properties with ultrashort time precision is revealing quantum phenomena with tremendous potential in quantum nanotechnologies. Colloidal plexcitonic materials promise to play a pivotal role in this scenario. Plexcitons are hybrid states originating from the mixing of the plasmon resonances of metal nanostructures with molecular excitons. They allow nanoscale confinement of electromagnetic fields and the establishment of strong couplings between light and matter, potentially giving rise to controllable and tunable coherent phenomena. However, the characterization of the ultrafast coherent and incoherent dynamics of colloidal plexciton nanohybrids remains highly unexplored. Here, two dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is employed to study the quantum coherent interactions active after the photoexcitation of these systems. By comparing the response of the nanohybrids with the one of the uncoupled systems, the nonlinear photophysical processes at the base of the coherent dynamics are identified, allowing a step forward toward the effective understanding and exploitation of these nanomaterials.
Action‐ versus results‐based policy designs for agricultural climate change mitigation
Authors: Kreft Cordelia , Finger Robert , Huber Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReducing agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is key to achieve overall climate policy goals. Effective and efficient policy instruments are needed to incentivize farmers' adoption of on‐farm climate change mitigation practices. We compare action‐ and results‐based policy designs for GHG reduction in agriculture and account for farmers' heterogeneous behavioral characteristics such as individual farming preferences, reluctance to change and social interactions. An agent‐based bio‐economic modeling approach is used to simulate total GHG reduction, overall governmental spending and farm‐level marginal abatement cost of Swiss dairy and beef cattle farms under both action‐ and results‐based policy designs. We find that total governmental spending associated with the compared policy designs depends on the cost and benefits of the considered measures as well as behavioral characteristics of farmers. More precisely, if farmers are reluctant to change, additional incentives are needed to increase adoption of a win‐win measure. In such a case, targeting the payment on the cost of that particular measure (action‐based design) instead of paying a uniform amount for abated emissions (results‐based design) can lower governmental spending for agricultural climate change mitigation. Farm‐level marginal cost of reducing GHG emissions are lower with results‐based payments independent of the cost of measures. Moreover, we find that farmers' individual preferences and reluctance to change substantially lower the adoption of mitigation measures and hence overall GHG reduction potential of farms.
Trends in price, spending, and utilization of omalizumab among Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Dattilo Lillian W. , Rathi Vinay K. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M. , Scangas George A. , Workman Alan D. , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: May 2023

Key points
Between January 2005 and January 2023, the average selling price of omalizumab increased by nearly 60%.
Between 2016 and 2021, Medicare Part B and D spending on omalizumab totaled over $3.7 billion.
Between 2016 and 2021, Medicare Part B and D utilization of omalizumab increased by approximately 30%.
Pragmatic approaches to handling practice effects in longitudinal cognitive aging research
Authors: Chen Ruijia , Calmasini Camilla , Swinnerton Kaitlin , Wang Jingxuan , Haneuse Sebastien , Ackley Sarah F , Hirst Andrew K , Hayes‐Larson Eleanor , George Kristen M , Peterson Rachel , Soh Yenee , Barnes Lisa L , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose , Gilsanz Paola , Mungas Dan M , Whitmer Rachel A , Corrada Maria M , Glymour M. Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe challenge of accounting for practice effects (PEs) when modeling cognitive change was amplified by the COVID‐19 pandemic, which introduced period and mode effects that may bias the estimation of cognitive trajectory.METHODSIn three Kaiser Permanente Northern California prospective cohorts, we compared predicted cognitive trajectories and the association of grip strength with cognitive decline using three approaches: (1) no acknowledgment of PE, (2) inclusion of a wave indicator, and (3) constraining PE based on a preliminary model (APM) fit using a subset of the data.RESULTSAPM‐based correction for PEs based on balanced, pre‐pandemic data, and with current age as the timescale produced the smallest discrepancy between within‐person and between‐person estimated age effects. Estimated associations between grip strength and cognitive decline were not sensitive to the approach used.DISCUSSIONConstraining PEs based on a preliminary model is a flexible, pragmatic approach allowing for meaningful interpretation of cognitive change.Highlights
The magnitude of practice effects (PEs) varied widely by study.
When PEs were present, the three PE approaches resulted in divergent estimated age‐related cognitive trajectories.
Estimated age‐related cognitive trajectories were sometimes implausible in models that did not account for PEs.

The associations between grip strength and cognitive decline did not differ by the PE approach used.
Constraining PEs based on estimates from a preliminary model allows for a meaningful interpretation of cognitive change.
Total Synthesis of Sculponin U through a Photoinduced Radical Cascade Cyclization
Authors: Cao Wei , Wang Zhen , Hao Yan , Wang Tianli , Fu Shaomin , Liu Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe have accomplished the total synthesis of sculponin U, a polycyclic C‐20‐oxygenated kaurane diterpenoid featuring a 7,20‐lactone‐hemiketal bridge, through a radical cascade cyclization triggered by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) of a silyl enolate to form the cyclohexanone‐fused bicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton. Other key points in our synthetic strategy encompass a Diels–Alder reaction to construct the middle six‐membered ring of sculponin U, and an intramolecular radical cyclization induced by iron‐catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer to close the western cyclohexane ring. Successful preparation of the enantiopure silyl enolate as the PET precursor enables the asymmetric total synthesis of sculponin U, opening a new avenue for divergent syntheses of structurally related C‐20‐oxygenated kaurane congeners and pharmaceutical derivatives thereof.
High expression of STAT3 within the tumour‐associated stroma predicts poor outcome in breast cancer patients
Authors: Morrow Elizabeth , Pennel Kathryn , Hatthakarnkul Phimmada , Leslie Holly , Mallon Elizabeth , Andersen Ditte , Jamieson Nigel , McMillan Donald , Roseweir Antonia , Edwards Joanne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the poorest clinical outcomes compared to other molecular subtypes of breast cancer. IL6/JAK/STAT3 signalling is upregulated in breast cancer; however, there is limited evidence for its role in TNBC. This study aimed to assess the expression of IL6/JAK/STAT3 in TNBC as a prognostic biomarker.MethodsTissue microarrays consisting of breast cancer specimens from a retrospective cohort (n = 850) were stained for IL6R, JAK1, JAK2 and STAT3 via immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity was assessed by weighted histoscore and analysed for association with survival/clinical characteristics. In a subset of patients (n = 14) bulk transcriptional profiling was performed using TempO‐Seq. Nanostring GeoMx® digital spatial profiling was utilised to establish the differential spatial gene expression in high STAT3 tumours.ResultsIn TNBC patients, high expression of stromal STAT3 was associated with reduced cancer‐specific survival (HR = 2.202, 95% CI: 1.148–4.224, log rank p = 0.018). TNBC patients with high stromal STAT3 had reduced CD4+ T‐cell infiltrates within the tumour (p = 0.001) and higher tumour budding (p = 0.003). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of bulk RNA sequencing showed high stromal STAT3 tumours were characterised by enrichment of IFNγ, upregulation of KRAS signalling and inflammatory signalling Hallmark pathways. GeoMx™ spatial profiling showed high stromal STAT3 samples. Pan cytokeratin (panCK)‐negative regions were enriched for CD27 (p < 0.001), CD3 (p < 0.05) and CD8 (p < 0.001). In panCK‐positive regions, high stromal STAT3 regions had higher expression of VEGFA (p < 0.05).ConclusionHigh expression of IL6/JAK/STAT3 proteins was associated with poor prognosis and characterised by distinct underlying biology in TNBC.
Treatment patterns and cost estimations of systemic chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer in Japan: A retrospective database study
Authors: Takumoto Yuki , Shibahara Ryotaro , Asami Hajime , Akazawa Manabu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to clarify the treatment patterns of pancreatic cancer patients receiving systemic chemotherapy in Japan and to estimate the direct medical costs in actual practice.Research Design and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data between April 2008 and December 2018 in Japan. Participants had a confirmed pancreatic cancer diagnosis and received at least one systemic chemotherapy, including FOLFIRINOX, gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and S‐1. The outcomes were treatment patterns and monthly medical costs and the distribution of monthly medical costs across healthcare resource categories.ResultsOf the 4514 selected patients, 40.7%, 7.1%, 24.4%, and 21.3% used gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel, FOLFIRINOX, gemcitabine, and S‐1 as first‐line chemotherapy, respectively. The median monthly medical costs were the highest in the first month, with gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel ranking first (6813 USD), followed by FOLFIRINOX, gemcitabine, and S‐1. The health resource categories with the highest shares of monthly medical costs during the first‐line treatment period with gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX were hospitalization costs (FOLFIRINOX: 41%–37%; gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel: 40%–34%) and medicine costs (FOLFIRINOX: 51%–42%; gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel: 49%–38%).ConclusionsThis study sheds light on the current treatment patterns and direct medical costs of systemic chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer in Japan.
Cyclization, Decyclization, and Metallacyclization of Pyridine‐Substituted Homopropargylic Alcohols on Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Centers
Authors: Shek Hau‐Lam , Yeung Chi‐Fung , Chung Lai‐Hon , Tse Man‐Kit , Yiu Shek‐Man , Wong Chun‐Yuen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSystematic investigations on the reactions between cis‐[M(dppm)2Cl2] (M=Ru/Os; dppm=1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) and pyridine/quinoline substituted homopropargylic alcohols uncovered the diverse Ru(II)/Os(II)‐induced alkyne activation pathways. The alkynes underwent cyclization on M via a “non‐vinylidene” pathway at lower temperatures, resulting in alkenyl intermediates which might further metallacyclize to give metallapyrroloindolizines. Conversely, reactions at higher temperatures induced alkyne cyclization on M via a “vinylidene” pathway, affording cyclic oxacarbene complexes. Additionally, a rare decyclization mechanism was observed during the transformation of a metallacyclization‐resistant alkenyl complex into a cyclic oxacarbene complex. DFT calculations were employed to validate the experimental findings. Overall, these results not only provide insights into controlling alkyne activation pathways, but also offer new strategies for preparing metalated heterocyclic and metallacyclic complexes.
Optimum energy efficient multi‐hop protocol for homogenous and heterogeneous 3D underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Abdelhay Ehab H. , Morsy Nehad A. , Kishk Sherif S. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryInformation transmission is extremely challenging in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) because, in the acoustic channel, the packet loss is high compared to other channels due to low bandwidth and a long propagation delay. So, designing an efficient energy algorithm is a big challenge in the acoustic channel. In this paper, first, a cluster head (CH) election fitness function based on a hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (PSO‐GSA) is proposed for a three‐dimensional (3D) underwater sensor network (UASN). The proposed algorithm includes CH election, CH load, and neighbor CH distance for multi‐hop transmission (MH‐PSOGSA). Then, based on the proposed algorithm, a relay‐based traffic‐aware energy‐efficient routing protocol (R‐TAEERP) with a weight function is proposed to offload the heavy consumption of the CHs. MATLAB simulations were accomplished to compare the performance of MH‐PSOGSA and R‐TAEERP with the existing representative protocols. The heterogeneity in energy and traffic has been considered. The simulation results show better performance of the proposed algorithm than other existing representative protocols in terms of energy consumption, the performance of the stable region, and the lifetime of the network.