bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of forensic fall from height cases aged two years and younger
Authors: DEMİRCİ Burak , COŞKUN Abuzer 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Childhood trauma is often caused by accidental or neglected falls. In this study, we aimed to evaluate demographic and clinical factors to determine the incidence of falls from height in children under two years old.
Materials and Methods: The study included 106 forensic cases who presented to the emergency department after falling from a height of one meter or more as a result of an accident or negligence between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2021. According to the level of fall height, the cases were divided into two groups as below 3 meters and above. Clinical findings, hospitalization, and mortality status were used to group patients.
Results:Of the 106 cases included in the study, 59(55.7%) were male.The mean age of the patients was 12.89±6.80 months (p=0.002) and the mean height level was 3.67±2.85 m (p=0.001).The mean height of the Low and High groups was 1.78±0.71, 6.92±2.09 meters, respectively.Crainal fracture was present in 21(19.8%) patients in the high group and all traumatic parenchymal brain lesions except contusion were seen in the high group (p=0.001). Four (3.8 %) of the 9(8.5%) dead cases died in emergency department. The average height of emergency department fall victims was 9.75±2.63 meters (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Especially cases of falling from height under the age of two are common and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Fall height level is an important marker in terms of clinical and prognosis. Informing and educating caregivers and parents can prevent accidents and neglect in advance.
Diagnostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index and red cell distribution width-lymphocyte ratio in predicting troponin elevation in carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: DUYAN Murat , VURAL Nafis 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of our study was to assess the significant value of the systemic inflammatory index (SII) and red cell distribution width/lymphocyte ratio (RLR) in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning (COP).
Materials and Methods: Based on a retrospective cross-sectional study design, this study was conducted among patients 18 years and older who presented to the hospital's emergency department with COP. The patients were separated into troponin positive and negative groups as an outcome of serial troponin measurements. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the cut-off value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), RLR, and SII to predict troponin positivity.
Results: This study included 195 patients with CO exposure, 50 of whom had positive troponin tests. It was discovered that the diagnostic power of NLR, RLR, MLR, and SII was acceptable for identifying troponin positivity (AUC: 0.71-0.77). According to ROC curve comparisons, there was no diagnostic difference between these inflammatory biomarkers. Increased NLR, RLR, MLR, and SII were found to be independent predictors of troponin positivity after CO exposure (Odds ratio respectively: 8.65, 4.31, 7.24, 6.31).
Conclusion: SII and RLR, which are simple, inexpensive, and easily accessible parameters, are valuable in predicting troponin positivity in COP cases.
Depression, anxiety and stress levels of operating room workers during the COVID-19 pandemic period
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Kayhan , MANTOĞLU Barış , KAMBUROĞLU Muhammed , GÖNÜLLÜ Emre , KUCUK Furkan , ÇAKMAK Güner , MUHTAROĞLU Ali 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the depression, anxiety, and stress levels of operating room workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: The data were collected using the “Personal Information Form” and "Depression Anxiety Stress-21 (DASS-21)" scale. The personal information form consisted of eight questions including age, gender, profession, professional seniority, status of being diagnosed with COVID-19, being afraid of developing COVID-19, presence of chronic diseases and change in weight during the pandemic period. DASS-21 scale is a 4-point Likert type (never=0; always=3) scale and consists of seven questions with each predicting "depression, stress and anxiety dimensions".
Results: A total of 253 volunteers with 161 (63.6%) being female and 92 (36.4%) male were included in this observational screening study. Anxiety score of female participants (5.65±4.44) was found to be statistically significantly higher compared to the male participants (3.94±4.68). Depression (5.97±4.41), anxiety (5.48±4.53) and stress (6.94±4.59) scores were significantly higher in the participants who were afraid of developing COVID-19. Depression, anxiety and stress scores were significantly higher in the participants with chronic diseases than in those without chronic diseases.
Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate that the mean depression, anxiety and stress scores of the operating room personnel were mild.
Bipolar affektif bozukluk tanılı hastalarda COVID- 19 korkusunun kalıntı belirtiler ve işlevsellik ile ilişkisi
Authors: ŞEN GÖKÇEİMAM Pınar , YAR Selma Filiz , KUMSAR Neslihan 
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada bipolar affektif bozukluk tanılı hastalarda COVID-19 korkusu ile kalıntı belirtiler ve işlevsellik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya DSM-5’e göre bipolar affektif bozukluk tanısı bulunan, 18-65 yaş arasında ve okur yazar olan, polikliniğe kendisi başvuran ardışık 85 bipolar affektif bozukluk tanılı hasta alınmıştır. Hastalar depresif /manik belirtiler gösteren, remisyonda olup da kalıntı belirtileri olanlar olarak gruplandırılmıştır.
Bulgular: YMDÖ’ye göre ‘manik kalıntı belirtileri olan’ olarak sınıflandırılan katılımcıların bu ölçekte medyan puanı 1 ± 1,14'tü. Katılımcılar arasında manik kalıntı belirti olup olmamasına göre COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçek puanları açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Depresif kalıntı semptomu olmayan katılımcılar, depresif kalıntı semptomu olanlara göre COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeğinde anlamlı şekilde daha düşük puanlar göstermiştir. HAM-D Ölçeği, . İşlevsellik Kısa Değerlendirme Testi ile COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği puanları arasında anlamlı düzeyde pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır
Sonuç: Depresif kalıntı semptomu olan hastalar COVID -19 korku ölçeğinde anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek puan almışlardır. Stres döneminde hastalarda dayanıklılık hastalık korkusu ve kalıntı belirtilerin çalışılması da takip ve tedavi stratejilerinin belirlenmesi açısından kıymetli olacaktır.
Şizofreni hastalarında CYB mtDNA mutasyonları ve PI3K/AKT/mTOR sinyal yolağındaki genlerin ekspresyon durumu
Authors: DİRİCAN Ebubekir , KARABULUT UZUNÇAKMAK Sevgi , ÖZCAN Halil 
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma, şizofreni hastalarında sitokrom b (CYB) mitokondriyal DNA (mtDNA) mutasyonlarını taramayı ve PI3K/AKT/mTOR sinyal yolağındaki genlerin mRNA ifadelerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 44 şizofreni hastasından ve 41 sağlıklı bireyden DNA (hasta) ve RNA (hasta ve kontrol) izolasyonu için tam kan alındı. CYB mtDNA mutasyonları için örnekler PCR ile amplifiye edildi ve Sanger DNA dizi analiziyle tanımlandı. PIK3CA, AKT1 ve mTOR genlerinin mRNA ekspresyonu için RT-PCR ve 2-∆∆Ct metodu kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Şizofreni hastalarında m.15326 A>G (43/44), m.15452 C>A (5/44), m.15078 A>G (3/44), m.14872 C>T (3/44) ve m.14798 T>C (3/44) en sık rastalanan CYB mtDNA mutasyonlarıydı. İn silico analizler, mutasyonların bir kısmının zararlı, hastalık yapıcı veya benign karakterle ilişkili olduğunu gösterdi. Şizofreni hastalarında PIK3CA, AKT1 ve mTOR genlerinin mRNA ekspresyonu sağlıklı bireylere göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. PIK3CA ve AKT1 genleri arasında anlamlı orta şiddette pozitif bir korelasyon tespit edildi. Ayrıca ROC analizi ile PIK3CA, AKT1 ve mTOR genlerinin hasta grubunda iyi tanısal güce sahip olduğu belirlendi. ROC analizleri, özellikle PIK3CA'nın şizofreni hastaları için % 80 duyarlılık ve % 63,4 seçicilik ile önemli bir tanı değerine sahip olduğunu gösterdi.
Sonuç: Şizofreni hastalarında hem CYB mtDNA mutasyon sıklığı hem de PIK3CA, AKT1 ve mTOR mRNA ekspresyon düzeyi sağlıklı bireylere göre daha yüksekti. Bu mekanizmaları daha geniş şizofreni popülasyonunda çalışmanın hastalığın tanı, tedavi veya prognozunda değerli olabileceğine inanıyoruz.
Aging, Anxiety and Inequality: The Relation between Anxiety about Aging and Gender Inequality among Women in Shiraz City (Iran)
Authors: Abbasi Shavazi Mohammad Taghi , Hosseini Maryam , Ariaei Gohar Ghazal , Ranjbaran Asma 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Taking into account the growth of increase in the elderly population in Iran and the world, and the emergence of the phenomenon of feminization of aging, the present study has been conducted, with aim of examining the relationship between anxiety about aging and the perceived and experienced gender inequality among the women of Shiraz city (Iran).

Methods: This cross-sectional study has been carried on 30 to 70 years old women in the city of Shiraz. The requied sample size is estimated to be 405 individuals, and the participants selected through a stratified random sampling. Data collection has taken place by a questionnaire which some of the questions of that were made by the authors and some are borrowed from anxiety about aging scale.The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 21 using pearson corellation tests.

Results: Experienced inequality has a significant positive correlation with anxiety about aging (total) (r = 0.226; p < 0.01). The relation between perceived inequality has also been positive and significant with anxiety about aging (total) (r = 132; p < 0.05). Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between gender inequality (perceived and experienced) and anxiety about aging in different aspects, including social and economic fears, psychological fears, fear of losing the feminine position, fear of losing health, and fear of physical changes and changes in appearance.

Conclusion: The anxiety about aging increases among women who experience and percive gender inequality. According to the accelerating process of population aging and the importance of paying attention to the social, psychological, and physical health of elderly women, it is necessary to take more considerations into account. In this regard, planning for decreasing the gender gap and inequality can be effective to some extent. Seemingly, the intersection of “the phenomenon of feminization of poverty,” due to gender inequality, with the phenomenon of “feminization of aging” in the future brings to the fore the necessity of paying attention to “anxiety about aging.”
Expression of PD-1 in Tumor Cells is Associated with Shorter Survival in Non-metastatic Intestinal-type Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Namvar Niloofar , Montazer Mehdi , Ahmadvand Simin , Sadeghian Bahare , Ghaderi Abbas 
Published: January 2023

There is an urgent need to discover novel prognostic biomarkers and treatment strategies for gastric cancer (GC) patients. Several immune-related markers have been proposed as prognostic tools and immunotherapeutic targets to manage diseases. In this regard, we evaluated the expression pattern and prognostic significance of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD45RO+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6) in non-metastatic intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma.
Samples and data from 70 GC patients were collected. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the markers. We then evaluated the prognosis significance of each marker and their intercorrelation.
Cytoplasmic PD-1 expressed by tumor cells was significantly associated with poorer survival. However, multivariate analysis indicated stronger prognostic values for TNM stage, tumor location, and extracellular mucin. A significant positive association was found between CD45ROhigh TILs and PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating cells (TICs). All GC patients with deficient MMR (d‑MMR) had a high number of CD45RO+ TILs and PD-1+ TICs.
Despite the association of PD‑1 overexpression in TCs with shorter overall survival, histopathological factors, including tumor location, TNM stage, and extracellular mucin, remain the most decisive prognostic factors in non-metastatic intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Additionally, our data support a prognostic role for d-MMR and CD45RO, but not PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on TICs.
Soluble and Immobilized Anti-CD3/28 Distinctively Expand and Differentiate Primary Human T Cells: An Implication for Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Authors: Soltantoye Tahereh , Akbari Behnia , Mirzaei Hamid Reza , Hadjati Jamshid 
Published: January 2023

Cell-based cancer therapies have led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with various cancers. To date, a vast majority of cancer immunotherapies have used genetically engineered T cells to target tumors. Stimulation and ex vivo expansion of T cells, as one of the crucial starting materials for T cell manufacturing, have always been a critical part of adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT). Typically, anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) along with interleukin-2 (IL-2), through transducing signals one, two, and three, respectively, are essential for in vitro T cell activation. Terminal differentiation and replicative senescence are the main barriers of the ACTs during the manufacturing of engineered T cells ex vivo.
In this study, we aimed to compare the T cell activation protocol that we developed in our lab (soluble anti-CD3/28 mAbs) with a common T cell activation protocol (immobilized anti-CD3/soluble anti-CD28) in terms of T cell expansion, activation, immunophenotype, and cellular fate.
We observed that T cells were equally expanded in both protocols. Notably, our modified protocol promoted the outgrowth of CD8+ T cells postactivation. Concerning the low concentrations of both soluble anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, the modified protocol could significantly enrich memory T cell subsets.
In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the soluble CD3/28 mAbs protocol is cost-effective and more efficient for generating more potent T cells, thereby expecting a better therapeutic outcome.
Placental Extract and Exosomes Derived from Pregnant Mice Attenuate the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Motallebnezhad Morteza , Taghizadeh Shirin , Aghaie Tayebe , Azimi Maryam , Salari Ali-Akbar , Bozorgmehr Mahmoud , Safari Elahe , Falak Reza , Jazayeri Mir Hadi 
Published: January 2023

Placental extract (PE) and exosomes from pregnant mice appear to have immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we assessed the potential therapeutic effects of PE and exosomes obtained from pregnant mice in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models.
C57BL/6 mice, 8 to 12 weeks of age, were prepared and administered PE, exosomes, and glatiramer acetate (GA), as an FDA-approved treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), after EAE induction. Thereafter, the therapeutic effects of treatment were evaluated by measuring the clinical courses of the mice as well as determining the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells using flow cytometry, cytokine levels, and microRNA-326 expression via real-time PCR.
GA, PE, and exosomes reduced clinical severity, the extent of spinal cord demyelination, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the spinal cord. The frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells increased after treatment of EAE mice with GA, PE, and exosomes. The mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-17 and interferon-gamma), as well as miR-326 expression, decreased significantly in the EAE mice after treatment with GA and exosomes.
PE and exosomes from pregnant mice are involved in the modulation of Treg/Th17 balance and provide a therapeutic approach for MS. Further clinical studies will hopefully confirm the safety and efficacy of such treatments in MS patients.
β-D-mannuronic Acid (M2000) and Inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19; An in vitro Study
Authors: Robat-Jazi Behrouz , Ghorban Khodayar , Gholami Mohammad , Samizadeh Esmaeil , Aghazadeh Zahra , Shahrbaf Mohammad Amin , Dadmanesh Maryam , Hosseini Rouzbahani Negin , Mirshafiey Abbas 
Published: January 2023

coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) can be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may be associated with cytokine storm and multiorgan failure. Anti-inflammatory agents, such as systemic corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used for this purpose. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of mannuronic acid (M2000), which is a novel NSAID, on COVID-19-related cytokine storms.
This study was conducted in vitro on blood samples of 30 COVID-19 patients who presented with ARDS to a referral center. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood samples and incubated with phorbol myristate acetate for 24 hours. M2000 was administered with the dosages of 25 µg/well and 50 µg/well after 4 hours of incubation at 37°C. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess mRNA gene expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the supernatant PBMC levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ.
Both mRNA expression and the supernatant PBMC levels of IL-17, TNF-α, IL‑6, and IFN‑γ were decreased in PBMCs of COVID-19 patients treated with M2000 compared with the control group.
For the first time, it was observed that M2000 could be effective in alleviating the inflammatory cascade of COVID-19 patients based on an in vitro model. After further studies in vitro and in animal models, M2000 could be considered a novel NSAID drug in COVID-19 patients.
Specific Clinical and Immunological Changes Following Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in COVID-19–induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: A Phase-I Clinical Trial
Authors: Kaffash Farkhad Najmeh , Sedaghat Alireza , Reihani Hamidreza , Moghadam Amir Adhami , Bagheri Moghadam Ahmad , Khadem Ghaebi Nayereh , Khodadoust Mohamad Ali , Nikpoor Amin Reza , Tavakol-Afshari Jalil 
Published: January 2023

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a systemic inflammation resulting from immune system overactivity. ARDS is also a fatal complication of COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immune modulatory properties. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of three times transplantation of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) in terms of specific immunological and clinical changes in mild-to-moderate COVID-19-induced ARDS patients.
In this single-center, open-label, phase 1 clinical trial, 20 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate ARDS were included and were divided into two groups: a control group receiving standard care and an intervention group receiving UC-MSC in addition to standard care. Three consecutive intravenous transplants of UC-MSC (1× cells/kg body weight per each transplant) were performed in the intervention group on days 1, 3, and 5. The biological assay was investigated four times (days 0, 5, 10, and 17).
UC-MSCs improved the patients' clinical and paraclinical parameters, including leukocytosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and liver enzyme abnormalities compared to the control group. They also decreased pro-inflammatory lymphocytes (TH1 and TH17) and increased anti-inflammatory T lymphocytes. Cell therapy also reduced the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in overactivated CD8+ T cells.
These findings show that three UC-MSC injections could regulate a hyperactivated immune system in COVID-19-induced ARDS patients by decreasing the inflammatory T lymphocyte subset and can improve the patient's hematological condition and liver function. However, more studies are needed in this area.
Strategies for Reducing Induced Demand in Hospitals Affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Seyedin Hesam , Afshari Mahnaz , Isfahani Parvaneh , Hasanzadeh Ebrahim , Radinmanesh Maryam , Corani Bahador Rasoul 
Published: January 2023

Background: Induced demand is a major challenge for health systems worldwide. It increases costs, especially for patients. The purpose of this study is to identify strategies for reducing induced demand for health care in hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS).
Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 2018. The authors conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, including IUMS faculty members, physicians, public hospital managers, patients, and researchers with academic and practical experience. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze data. Data analysis was performed in MAXQDA10.
Results: Overall, the authors extracted 24 subthemes from the interviews and classified them into the health system, insurer, healthcare provider, and healthcare recipient. They are key factors regarding the induced demand for healthcare in the public hospitals under study.
Conclusion: Reducing induced demand for healthcare requires concerted actions by health policymakers and managers at the level of the health system, insurers, healthcare providers, and healthcare recipients. Therefore, policymakers and managers of the health system should take appropriate measures such as the development of guidelines and protocols by different departments, especially the emergency department, classification (primary, secondary, and tertiary care), and referral system. They expand the monitoring role of insurance companies (transforming the payment system into the global diagnosis-related group) to reduce the induced demand for health.
Salaries in the financial statements of companies from the biotechnology sector in Poland in 2019-2021
Authors: Szwajcar Joanna 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of the study: The aim of the paper is to capture the proportion these benefits make in total costs of the company Categories of employee benefits included in accounts of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the sector of biotechnology is the subject of this paper.
Methodology: Systematic literature review and critical analysis of accounts were used for the purpose of this article.
Main findings: The analysis demonstrated that employee benefits play a significant part in the operations of companies within biotechnological sector in Poland. Use of relatively high benefits not only offers operational stability, future growth, better staff retention, lower stoppage through loss of personnel, but also better employee engagement and personal development.
Applications of the study: The article highlights the importance of employee benefits within the biotechnological sector, which is characterised by deferred income from productionisation of research and its results. This results in better understanding of biotechnological companies’ operational model and its specificity. The results can be applied within other capital investment heavy sectors such as gaming or IT, which also generate high costs and expenditure due to its nature.
Originality/Novelty of the study: The analysis of employee benefits presented in consolidated financial accounts has been identified as a very interesting research gap due to its complexity. Research studies of this subject in Poland are limited despite the importance of benefits to all employees. They are equally important to the enterprises wishing to deliver their objectives and strategies. The article calls for further research, analysis, findings and their implementation in various sectors as well as deeper studies of the subject.