bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water-energy-food-environment nexus in action: Global review of precepts and practice
Authors: Shah Tushaar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using water-energy-food-environment (WEFE) nexus as the prism, this review explores evolution of groundwater governance in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, China, Bangladesh and India – which together account for two-thirds of the global groundwater-irrigated area. Global discourse has blamed widespread water scarcity squarely on supply-side policymaking and advocated a broader template of water governance instruments. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) presented just such a template – with pricing, participation, rights and entitlements, laws, regulations, and river basin organizations – as additional water governance tools. However, the IWRM template faced disillusionment and pushback in many emerging economies. WEFE nexus, the new paradigm, prioritizes system-level optima over sectoral maxima by harnessing synergies and optimizing trade-offs between food, water, energy, soil, and eco-system sustainability within planetary boundaries. Realizing this vision presents a complex challenge in groundwater governance. Global groundwater economy comprises three sub-economies: (a) diesel-powered unregulated, as in Nepal terai, eastern India, Bangladesh, Pakistan Punjab and Sind, and much of Sub-Saharan Africa, where use-specific energy subsidies are impractical; (b) electricity-powered regulated, as in North America and Europe, where tubewells are authorized, metered and subject to consumption-linked energy charges; and (c) electricity-powered unregulated, as in geographies covered by our review – barring China, Bengal and Bangladesh – where unmeasured electricity subsidies have created a bloated groundwater economy. This last sub-economy represents the heartland of global groundwater malgovernance, least equipped to meet the sustainability challenge. It has an estimated 300 million horsepower of grid-connected electric pumps that are either unauthorized and/or unmetered and/or use free or heavily subsidized or pilfered power for irrigating 50–52 million hectares, nearly half of global groundwater-irrigated area. In (a) and (b), groundwater scarcity inspires water-energy saving behavior via increased energy cost of pumping. In sub-economy (c), users are immune to energy costs and impervious to groundwater depletion. Here, the WEFE nexus has remained blind to the irrigation realpolitik that catalyzes or constrains policy action. We explore why the political costs of rationalizing subsidies are prohibitive and exemplify how a smart transition from fossil to solar energy for pumping may offer an opportunity to turn the perverse WEFE nexus into a virtuous one.
Assessing Unequal Airborne Exposure to Lead Associated With Race in the USA
Authors: Laidlaw Mark A. S. , Mielke Howard W. , Filippelli Gabriel M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent research applied the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Chemical Speciation Network and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments monitoring stations and observed that mean concentrations of atmospheric lead (Pb) in highly segregated counties are a factor of 5 higher than in well‐integrated counties and argument is made that regulation of existing airborne Pb emissions will reduce children's Pb exposure. We argue that one of the main sources of children's current Pb exposure is from resuspension of legacy Pb in soil dust and that the racial disparity of Pb exposure is associated with Pb‐contaminated community soils.
Intervalence charge transfer of Cr3+-Cr3+ aggregation for NIR-II luminescence
Authors: Liu Shengqiang , Du Jingxuan , Song Zhen , Ma Chonggeng , Liu Quanlin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe increasing demand for high-contrast biological imaging, non-destructive testing, and infrared night vision can be addressed by the development of high-performance NIR light-emitting materials. Unlike lanthanide (Ln3+) with sharp-line multiplets and isolated Cr3+with NIR-I emission, this study reports the first-ever NIR-II broadband luminescence based on the intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) of Cr3+-Cr3+aggregation in gallate magentoplumbite. In particular, LaMgGa11O19:0.7Cr3+exhibits dual-emission (NIR-I, 890 nm and NIR-II, 1200 nm) with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 626 nm under 450 nm blue LED excitation. Moreover, this dual-emission exhibits anti-thermal quenching behavior (432% @ 290 K), attributed to the energy transfer among multiple Cr3+centers. Cryogen absorption spectra, lifetimes decay (2.3 ms), and electron paramagnetic experiments reveal the NIR-II luminescence of the Cr3+-Cr3+→ Cr2+-Cr4+IVCT transition. The application of LaMgGa11O19:0.7Cr3+in NIR-II biological imaging as an optical contrast agent, non-destructive testing, and night vision is demonstrated. This work provides new insights into broadband NIR-II luminescence under UV-NIR excitation based on the IVCT of Cr3+-Cr3+aggregation.
Broadband quantum-dot frequency-modulated comb laser
Authors: Dong Bozhang , Dumont Mario , Terra Osama , Wang Heming , Netherton Andrew , Bowers John E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFrequency-modulated (FM) laser combs, which offer a quasi-continuous-wave output and a flat-topped optical spectrum, are emerging as a promising solution for wavelength-division multiplexing applications, precision metrology, and ultrafast optical ranging. The generation of FM combs relies on spatial hole burning, group velocity dispersion, Kerr nonlinearity, and four-wave mixing (FWM). While FM combs have been widely observed in quantum cascade Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers, the requirement for a low-dispersion FP cavity can be a challenge in platforms where the waveguide dispersion is mainly determined by the material. Here we report a 60 GHz quantum-dot (QD) mode-locked laser in which both the amplitude-modulated (AM) and the FM comb can be generated independently. The high FWM efficiency of –5 dB allows the QD laser to generate FM comb efficiently. We also demonstrate that the Kerr nonlinearity can be practically engineered to improve the FM comb bandwidth without the need for GVD engineering. The maximum 3-dB bandwidth that our QD platform can deliver is as large as 2.2 THz. This study gives novel insights into the improvement of FM combs and paves the way for small-footprint, electrically pumped, and energy-efficient frequency combs for silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
Bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (VRd) vs carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd) as induction therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Tan Carlyn Rose , Derkach Andriy , Nemirovsky David , Ciardiello Amanda , Diamond Benjamin , Hultcrantz Malin , Hassoun Hani , Mailankody Sham , Shah Urvi , Maclachlan Kylee , Patel Dhwani , Lahoud Oscar B. , Landau Heather J. , Chung David J. , Shah Gunjan L. , Scordo Michael , Giralt Sergio A. , Lesokhin Alexander , Usmani Saad Z. , Landgren Ola , Korde Neha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLenalidomide and dexamethasone with bortezomib (VRd) or carfilzomib (KRd) are commonly used induction regimens in the U.S. This single-center, retrospective study evaluated outcomes and safety of VRd and KRd. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Of 389 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, 198 received VRd and 191 received KRd. Median PFS was not reached (NR) in both groups; 5-year PFS was 56% (95%CI, 48–64%) for VRd and 67% (60–75%) for KRd (P = 0.027). Estimated 5-year EFS was 34% (95%CI, 27–42%) for VRd and 52% (45–60%) for KRd (P < 0.001) with corresponding 5-year OS of 80% (95%CI, 75–87%) and 90% (85–95%), respectively (P = 0.053). For standard-risk patients, 5-year PFS was 68% (95%CI, 60–78%) for VRd and 75% (65–85%) for KRd (P = 0.20) with 5-year OS of 87% (95%CI, 81–94%) and 93% (87–99%), respectively (P = 0.13). For high-risk patients, median PFS was 41 months (95%CI, 32.8–61.1) for VRd and 70.9 months (58.2-NR) for KRd (P = 0.016). Respective 5-year PFS and OS were 35% (95%CI, 24–51%) and 69% (58–82%) for VRd and 58% (47–71%) and 88% (80–97%, P = 0.044) for KRd. Overall, KRd resulted in improved PFS and EFS with a trend toward improved OS compared to VRd with associations primarily driven by improvements in outcome for high-risk patients.
Autophagy mediates an amplification loop during ferroptosis
Authors: Lee Seunghee , Hwang Narae , Seok Byeong Geun , Lee Sangguk , Lee Seon-Jin , Chung Su Wol 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFerroptosis, a programmed cell death, has been identified and associated with cancer and various other diseases. Ferroptosis is defined as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death related to iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which is different from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other forms of cell death. However, accumulating evidence has revealed a link between autophagy and ferroptosis at the molecular level and has suggested that autophagy is involved in regulating the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and ROS during ferroptosis. Understanding the roles and pathophysiological processes of autophagy during ferroptosis may provide effective strategies for the treatment of ferroptosis-related diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the regulatory mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, including iron and lipid metabolism, and its association with the autophagy pathway. In addition, we discuss the contribution of autophagy to ferroptosis and elucidate the role of autophagy as a ferroptosis enhancer during ROS-dependent ferroptosis.
Multidirectional characterization of cellular composition and spatial architecture in human multiple primary lung cancers
Authors: Wang Yawei , Chen Di , Liu Yu , Shi Daiwang , Duan Chao , Li Jinghan , Shi Xiang , Zhang Yong , Yu Zhanwu , Sun Nan , Wang Wei , Ma Yegang , Xu Xiaohan , Otkur Wuxiyar , Liu Xiaolong , Xia Tian , Qi Huan , Piao Hai-long , Liu Hong-Xu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in clinic. Here, we orchestrated the cellular and spatial architecture of MPLCs by combining single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. Notably, we identified a previously undescribed sub-population of epithelial cells termed as CLDN2+ alveolar type II (AT2) which was specifically enriched in MPLCs. This subtype was observed to possess a relatively stationary state, play a critical role in cellular communication, aggregate spatially in tumor tissues, and dominate the malignant histopathological patterns. The CLDN2 protein expression can help distinguish MPLCs from intrapulmonary metastasis and solitary lung cancer. Moreover, a cell surface receptor−TNFRSF18/GITR was highly expressed in T cells of MPLCs, suggesting TNFRSF18 as one potential immunotherapeutic target in MPLCs. Meanwhile, high inter-lesion heterogeneity was observed in MPLCs. These findings will provide insights into diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets and advance our understanding of the cellular and spatial architecture of MPLCs.
A GSTP1-mediated lactic acid signaling promotes tumorigenesis through the PPP oxidative branch
Authors: Sun Yandi , He Qian , Li Jingjia , Yang Ze , Ahmad Mashaal , Lin Yindan , Wu Di , Zheng Lei , Li Jiangtao , Wang Ben , Chen Chitty , Hu Yue , Luo Heng , Luo Yan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLactic acidosis is a feature of solid tumors and plays fundamental role(s) rendering cancer cells to adapt to diverse metabolic stresses, but the mechanism underlying its roles in redox homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show that G6PD is phosphorylated at tyrosine 249/322 by the SRC through the formation of a GSTP1-G6PD-SRC complex. Lactic acid attenuates this formation and the phosphorylation of G6PD by non-covalently binding with GSTP1. Furthermore, lactic acid increases the activity of G6PD and facilitates the PPP (NADPH production) through its sensor GSTP1, thereby exhibiting resistance to reactive oxygen species when glucose is scarce. Abrogating a GSTP1-mediated lactic acid signaling showed attenuated tumor growth and reduced resistance to ROS in breast cancer cells. Importantly, positive correlations between immuno-enriched SRC protein and G6PD Y249/322 phosphorylation specifically manifest in ER/PR positive or HER negative types of breast cancer. Taken together, these results suggest that GSTP1 plays a key role in tumor development by functioning as a novel lactate sensor.
The Fe–S cluster assembly protein IscU2 increases α-ketoglutarate catabolism and DNA 5mC to promote tumor growth
Authors: Ren Xiaojun , Yan Jimei , Zhao Qiongya , Bao Xinzhu , Han Xinyu , Zheng Chen , Zhou Yan , Chen Lifang , Wang Bo , Yang Lina , Lin Xi , Liu Dandan , Lin Yuyan , Li Min , Fang Hezhi , Lu Zhimin , Lyu Jianxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIscU2 is a scaffold protein that is critical for the assembly of iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters and the functions of Fe–S-containing mitochondrial proteins. However, the role of IscU2 in tumor development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that IscU2 expression is much higher in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues than in adjacent normal pancreatic tissues. In PDAC cells, activated KRAS enhances the c-Myc-mediated IscU2 transcription. The upregulated IscU2 stabilizes Fe–S cluster and regulates the activity of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase and aconitase 2, which promote α-KG catabolism through oxidative and reductive TCA cycling, respectively. In addition to promoting mitochondrial functions, activated KRAS-induced and IscU2-dependent acceleration of α-KG catabolism results in reduced α-KG levels in the cytosol and nucleus, leading to an increase in DNA 5mC due to Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3 (TET3) inhibition and subsequent expression of genes including DNA polymerase alpha 1 catalytic subunit for PDAC cell proliferation and tumor growth in mice. These findings underscore a critical role of IscU2 in KRAS-promoted α-KG catabolism, 5mC-dependent gene expression, and PDAC growth and highlight the instrumental and integrated regulation of mitochondrial functions and gene expression by IscU2 in PDAC cells.
Macrophage-to-endothelial cell crosstalk by the cholesterol metabolite 27HC promotes atherosclerosis in male mice
Authors: Yu Liming , Xu Lin , Chu Haiyan , Peng Jun , Sacharidou Anastasia , Hsieh Hsi-hsien , Weinstock Ada , Khan Sohaib , Ma Liqian , Durán José Gabriel Barcia , McDonald Jeffrey , Nelson Erik R. , Park Sunghee , McDonnell Donald P. , Moore Kathryn J. , Huang Lily Jun-shen , Fisher Edward A. , Mineo Chieko , Huang Linzhang , Shaul Philip W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHypercholesterolemia and vascular inflammation are key interconnected contributors to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. How hypercholesterolemia initiates vascular inflammation is poorly understood. Here we show in male mice that hypercholesterolemia-driven endothelial activation, monocyte recruitment and atherosclerotic lesion formation are promoted by a crosstalk between macrophages and endothelial cells mediated by the cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC). The pro-atherogenic actions of macrophage-derived 27HC require endothelial estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and disassociation of the cytoplasmic scaffolding protein septin 11 from ERα, leading to extranuclear ERα- and septin 11-dependent activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of cyp27a1, which generates 27HC, affords atheroprotection by reducing endothelial activation and monocyte recruitment. These findings demonstrate cell-to-cell communication by 27HC, and identify a major causal linkage between the hypercholesterolemia and vascular inflammation that partner to promote atherosclerosis. Interventions interrupting this linkage may provide the means to blunt vascular inflammation without impairing host defense to combat the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease that remains despite lipid-lowering therapies.
Global air pollution exposure and poverty
Authors: Rentschler Jun , Leonova Nadezda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAir pollution is one of the leading causes of health complications and mortality worldwide, especially affecting lower-income groups, who tend to be more exposed and vulnerable. This study documents the relationship between ambient air pollution exposure and poverty in 211 countries and territories. Using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2021 revised fine particulate matter (PM2.5) thresholds, we show that globally, 7.3 billion people are directly exposed to unsafe average annual PM2.5 concentrations, 80 percent of whom live in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, 716 million of the world’s lowest income people (living on less than $1.90 per day) live in areas with unsafe levels of air pollution, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Air pollution levels are particularly high in lower-middle-income countries, where economies tend to rely more heavily on polluting industries and technologies. These findings are based on high-resolution air pollution and population maps with global coverage, as well as subnational poverty estimates based on harmonized household surveys.
Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Authors: Ditlevsen Peter , Ditlevsen Susanne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a major tipping element in the climate system and a future collapse would have severe impacts on the climate in the North Atlantic region. In recent years weakening in circulation has been reported, but assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), based on the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) model simulations suggest that a full collapse is unlikely within the 21st century. Tipping to an undesired state in the climate is, however, a growing concern with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Predictions based on observations rely on detecting early-warning signals, primarily an increase in variance (loss of resilience) and increased autocorrelation (critical slowing down), which have recently been reported for the AMOC. Here we provide statistical significance and data-driven estimators for the time of tipping. We estimate a collapse of the AMOC to occur around mid-century under the current scenario of future emissions.
The emergence of three-dimensional chiral domain walls in polar vortices
Authors: Susarla Sandhya , Hsu Shanglin , Gómez-Ortiz Fernando , García-Fernández Pablo , Savitzky Benjamin H. , Das Sujit , Behera Piush , Junquera Javier , Ercius Peter , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Ophus Colin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChirality or handedness of a material can be used as an order parameter to uncover the emergent electronic properties for quantum information science. Conventionally, chirality is found in naturally occurring biomolecules and magnetic materials. Chirality can be engineered in a topological polar vortex ferroelectric/dielectric system via atomic-scale symmetry-breaking operations. We use four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) to map out the topology-driven three-dimensional domain walls, where the handedness of two neighbor topological domains change or remain the same. The nature of the domain walls is governed by the interplay of the local perpendicular (lateral) and parallel (axial) polarization with respect to the tubular vortex structures. Unique symmetry-breaking operations and the finite nature of domain walls result in a triple point formation at the junction of chiral and achiral domain walls. The unconventional nature of the domain walls with triple point pairs may result in unique electrostatic and magnetic properties potentially useful for quantum sensing applications.
Preventing cation intermixing enables 50% quantum yield in sub-15 nm short-wave infrared-emitting rare-earth based core-shell nanocrystals
Authors: Arteaga Cardona Fernando , Jain Noopur , Popescu Radian , Busko Dmitry , Madirov Eduard , Arús Bernardo A. , Gerthsen Dagmar , De Backer Annick , Bals Sara , Bruns Oliver T. , Chmyrov Andriy , Van Aert Sandra , Richards Bryce S. , Hudry Damien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShort-wave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence could become the new gold standard in optical imaging for biomedical applications due to important advantages such as lack of autofluorescence, weak photon absorption by blood and tissues, and reduced photon scattering coefficient. Therefore, contrary to the visible and NIR regions, tissues become translucent in the SWIR region. Nevertheless, the lack of bright and biocompatible probes is a key challenge that must be overcome to unlock the full potential of SWIR fluorescence. Although rare-earth-based core-shell nanocrystals appeared as promising SWIR probes, they suffer from limited photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). The lack of control over the atomic scale organization of such complex materials is one of the main barriers limiting their optical performance. Here, the growth of either homogeneous (α-NaYF4) or heterogeneous (CaF2) shell domains on optically-active α-NaYF4:Yb:Er (with and without Ce3+ co-doping) core nanocrystals is reported. The atomic scale organization can be controlled by preventing cation intermixing only in heterogeneous core-shell nanocrystals with a dramatic impact on the PLQY. The latter reached 50% at 60 mW/cm2; one of the highest reported PLQY values for sub-15 nm nanocrystals. The most efficient nanocrystals were utilized for in vivo imaging above 1450 nm.
Coaxially printed magnetic mechanical electrical hybrid structures with actuation and sensing functionalities
Authors: Zhang Yuanxi , Pan Chengfeng , Liu Pengfei , Peng Lelun , Liu Zhouming , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Qingyuan , Wu Tong , Li Zhe , Majidi Carmel , Jiang Lelun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoft electromagnetic devices have great potential in soft robotics and biomedical applications. However, existing soft-magneto-electrical devices would have limited hybrid functions and suffer from damaging stress concentrations, delamination or material leakage. Here, we report a hybrid magnetic-mechanical-electrical (MME) core-sheath fiber to overcome these challenges. Assisted by the coaxial printing method, the MME fiber can be printed into complex 2D/3D MME structures with integrated magnetoactive and conductive properties, further enabling hybrid functions including programmable magnetization, somatosensory, and magnetic actuation along with simultaneous wireless energy transfer. To demonstrate the great potential of MME devices, precise and minimally invasive electro-ablation was performed with a flexible MME catheter with magnetic control, hybrid actuation-sensing was performed by a durable somatosensory MME gripper, and hybrid wireless energy transmission and magnetic actuation were demonstrated by an untethered soft MME robot. Our work thus provides a material design strategy for soft electromagnetic devices with unexplored hybrid functions.