bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant Functional Differences Between Dopamine D4 Receptor Polymorphic Variants Upon Heteromerization with α1A Adrenoreceptors
Authors: Homar-Ruano Patricia , Cai Ning-Sheng , Casadó-Anguera Verònica , Casadó Vicent , Ferré Sergi , Moreno Estefanía , Canela Enric I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe functional role of the dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) and its main polymorphic variants has become more evident with the demonstration of heteromers of D4R that control the function of frontal cortico-striatal neurons. Those include heteromers with the α2A adrenoceptor (α2AR) and with the D2R, localized in their cortical somato-dendritic region and striatal nerve terminals, respectively. By using biophysical and cell-signaling methods and heteromer-disrupting peptides in mammalian transfected cells and rat brain slice preparations, here we provide evidence for a new functionally relevant D4R heteromer, the α1AR-D4R heteromer, which is also preferentially localized in cortico-striatal glutamatergic terminals. Significant differences in allosteric modulations between heteromers of α1AR with the D4.4R and D4.7R polymorphic variants could be evidenced with the analysis of G protein-dependent and independent signaling. Similar negative allosteric modulations between α1AR and D4R ligands could be demonstrated for both α1AR-D4.4R and α1AR-D4.7R heteromers on G protein-independent signaling, but only for α1AR-D4.4R on G protein-dependent signaling. From these functional differences, it is proposed that the D4.4R variant provides a gain of function of the α1AR-mediated noradrenergic stimulatory control of cortico-striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission, which could result in a decrease in the vulnerability for impulse control-related neuropsychiatric disorders and increase in the vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder.
Essentialist Arguments for Discernibility are Unsound
Authors: Taillard Antoine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is common to argue that something x is distinct from something y by pointing out that x and y do not share all their essential properties. I show that arguments of this type are unsound. This unsoundness is rooted in the fact that sentences of the form ‘x is essentially F’ are ambiguous. Under one reading, the sentence says of x that it has a property of a unique and special kind. Interpreted in that way, the sentence is false, for there are no such properties. Under another reading, the sentence says of x that it has a property and adds that this property is essential to x. Interpreted in that way, the sentence may be true but it does not allow to reach the desired conclusion that x is distinct from y. Thus, if someone argues that x is distinct from y by pointing out that x and y differ in essential properties, they face the following dilemma: either one of the argument’s premises implies the existence of the special property and it is false, or none of the premises implies the existence of the special property and the argument is invalid.
A meta-analysis study on peer influence and adolescent substance use
Authors: Watts Lara L. , Hamza Eid Abo , Bedewy Dalia A. , Moustafa Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe extent to which adolescents are influenced by their peers has been the focus of developmental psychological research for over 50 years. That research has yielded contradicting evidence and much debate. This study consists of a systematic review and meta-analysis, with the main aim of quantifying the effect of peer influence on adolescent substance use, as well as investigation into the factors that moderate this effect. Included studies needed to employ longitudinal designs, provide the necessary statistics to calculate cross-lagged regression coefficients controlling for target adolescent’s initial substance use, and comprise participants aged 10–19 years. A search of academic databases and reference lists generated 508 unique reports, which were screened using Covidence. The final inclusion criteria yielded a total of 99 effect sizes from 27 independent studies. A four-level meta-analytic approach with correction to allow the inclusion of multiple effect sizes from a given study was used to estimate an average effect size. Results revealed a significant effect of peer influence ($$\overline{\upbeta }$$

β
¯

= .147, p < .001), indicating that adolescents changed their substance use behaviour in accordance with their peers’ perceived or actual use. Moderation analyses found peer influence effects varied significantly as a function of substance use behaviour (categorised as alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, or composite substance use) and peer influence measure (perceived vs. actual peer report); however, no significant effects emerged in the multivariate moderation model simultaneously examining all five main moderators. These results suggest that adolescent substance use is affected by peer influence processes across multiple substance use behaviours and both directly and indirectly through perceived norms. This has significant implications for substance use prevention, including the potential of harnessing peer influence as a positive force and the need to target misperceptions of substance use.
Factors associated with myopia in 19-year-old adult men in Korea between 2014 and 2020
Authors: Gwon So Hyeon , Lee Dong Cheol 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNumerous environmental factors that influence myopia have been studied, but only few factors have been definitively identified. We examined factors influencing myopia using data from 2014 to 2020 physical examinations received from the Korean Military Manpower Administration. We used the Cochran–Armitage trend test to investigate the annual prevalence of myopia and high myopia. To determine risk factors for myopia, logistic regression was performed. The data of 2,215,126 19-year-old Korean men were examined. The myopia and high myopia prevalences showed significant annual increases; in 2020, these prevalences were 58.9% and 18.0%, respectively. The myopia prevalence was high when the birth season was spring, education level was high, height was small, weight and body mass index (BMI) were low (< 18.5 kg/m2), and color vision was normal (all, p < 0.05). The high myopia prevalence was high when the birth season was spring, education level was high, height was tall, weight and BMI were low (< 18.5 kg/m2), and color vision was normal (all, p < 0.05). The prevalence of myopia and high myopia in this population is increasing annually. The risk of both conditions increased when the birth season was spring, education level was high, BMI was low, color vision was normal, and diabetes was present.
Alumni-Befragung des B.Sc.-Studiengangs „Physiotherapie, berufsbegleitend“ an der Hochschule Osnabrück
Authors: Adolphs Susanne , Böwer Yannick , Zalpour Christoff 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Seit 2001 ist es in Deutschland möglich, einen akademischen Abschluss in der Physiotherapie zu erlangen. Neben primärqualifizierenden Studiengängen gibt es die Möglichkeiten, ausbildungsintegriert oder berufsbegleitend zu studieren. Die Möglichkeit, einer berufsbegleitenden akademischen Weiterqualifizierung wirft die Frage auf, welchen Nutzen eine solche Weiterentwicklung für Therapeut*innen und deren Handlungsfeld darstellt.
Ziel Identifizierung der Auswirkungen des Bachelorstudiums „Physiotherapie, berufsbegleitend“ an der Hochschule Osnabrück (HS) auf die persönliche berufliche Entwicklung der Alumni sowie Erfragung der als hilfreich oder weniger hilfreich empfundenen Studieninhalte.
Methode Exemplarisch wurden 5 Alumni des Studienganges „Physiotherapie (B.Sc.), berufsbegleitend“ in leitfadengestützten Experteninterviews befragt. Die gewonnenen Daten wurden mithilfe der fokussierten Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz und Rädiker 20 ermittelt. Dazu wurden deduktiv und induktiv Kategorien gebildet und diese vertiefend analysiert.
Ergebnisse Das gesamte Studium, aber insbesondere die Module „Trainingssteuerung und Assessments“, „Clinical Reasoning Grundlagen Seminar und Praktikum“ und „Differentialdiagnose“, wirkten sich positiv auf die berufliche Entwicklung aus und regten neue Sichtweisen auf das eigene Berufsbild der Alumni und ihr Handeln an. Die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit veränderte sich hingegen kaum. Gewinnbringende Inhalte bezogen sich schwerpunktmäßig auf die Bereiche Clinical Reasoning, Forschungsmethodik und Differentialdiagnostik.
Schlussfolgerung Das Studium wirkte sich im Gesamten sehr positiv auf die Entwicklung der Alumni aus. Diese Studie stellt einen Einblick in die Entwicklung der Alumni dar, für eine Repräsentativität ist die Stichprobengröße jedoch zu gering. Dennoch dient die Studie als Ausgangspunkt für eine tiefgreifendere Erhebung.
Study on Microstructure and Properties of P92 Steel Joint with Narrow Gap Automatic Welding
Authors: Wang Yudong , Qin Ning , Shang Jianlu , Yang Jia , Sun Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The microstructure and mechanical properties of automatic welding joint of P92 steel are studied by means of optical microscopy and mechanical property testing. The results show that: the welded joint of P92 steel with narrow gap automatic welding has good fusion, and no defects such as unfusion, porosity and slag inclusion are found in the weld metal. The microstructure of weld and HAZ is tempered martensite. The hardness distribution in different areas of the welded joint is uniform, the impact toughness of the weld and HAZ is good, and exceed that of manual welding, the strength of the joint meets the standard requirements, and the residual stress distribution of the whole joint is low. Therefore, P92 steel welded joint obtained by narrow gap automatic welding process has good performance and obvious advantages.
A New Method to Three-dimensional Dual Medium Geometry Model Construction
Authors: Tian Xu , Liao Jianguo , Xiao Jing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dual medium geometric model is widely used in soil and rock mass environment, which can only reflect the material exchange between cracks and matrix. The dual medium geometric model ignores the hydraulic relationship between the pores and cracks. The paper develops a new method to construct the three-dimensional dual medium geometry model. This method is completely written by Matlab scripting language, can describe the real spatial distribution state of fracture in bedrock. In the method, three-dimensional random fracture network geometric models with different parameters and three-dimensional porous media geometric models with Berlin Noise characteristics are constructed respectively, and then use the three-dimensional direct superposition method to construct the dual medium geometric model. The paper introduces the construction of three-dimensional random fracture network geometry model, three-dimensional porous media geometric model and the dual medium geometric model by direct superposition method. This research is of great significance to the construction of dual medium model and numerical simulation in related fields.
Is a wet-bulb temperature of 35 ∘C the correct threshold for human survivability?
Authors: Lu Yi-Chuan , Romps David M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A wet-bulb temperature of 35 ∘C is widely used as the threshold for human survivability, but the wet-bulb temperature is not a particularly accurate metric for human heat stress. For a person in the shade, a more accurate metric is the heat index, which is based on a model of human thermoregulation that accounts for metabolic heat, radiation, respiratory ventilation, and finite wind speeds. The heat index has two critical values: the highest heat index for which a healthy core temperature can be maintained and the highest heat index that is survivable. It is shown here that a wet-bulb temperature of 35 ∘C corresponds to conditions between these two critical values. For example, in a world warmer than pre-industrial by 10 ∘C, about 30% of the world’s population would be exposed once or more per year to a wet-bulb temperature above 35 ∘C, but the heat index reveals that less than 2% would be exposed to fatal conditions while over 60% would be exposed to conditions that would cause hyperthermia.
Unveiling the driver behind China’s greening trend: urban vs. rural areas
Authors: Qu Sai , Liu Jiangong , Li Bolun , Zhao Lin , Li Xinxin , Zhang Zhijiang , Yuan Moxi , Niu Zigeng , Lin Aiwen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Urban and rural areas play an important role in the greenness change in China, despite exhibiting divergent landscape ecologies. Although recent studies have revealed an overall greening pattern in China, the relative contribution of urban and rural vegetation to nationwide greening trend and their driving mechanisms behind these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we first utilized a high-resolution land use/cover dataset (GlobeLand30) to establish a framework for distinguishing between urban and rural areas. We then assessed and compared the greenness changes in both urban and rural areas using multiple vegetation indices from 2000 to 2020. By employing Random Forest model and generalized linear model regression, we further investigated drivers behind the changes in urban and rural vegetation trends. Our results demonstrated a significant greening trend in China, and the greenness increased 13.71% from 2000 to 2020. Vegetation changes in both urban (+4.96%, 0.0011 yr−1) and rural areas (+14.25%, 0.0026 yr−1) have contributed positively to China’s greening trend, with their contribution being 11.3% and 88.7%, respectively. Urban core areas exhibited the largest trend magnitudes (0.0043 ± 0.0035 yr−1) among all the urban–rural subregions. Increased tree cover was identified as the primary driver of greening trends in both urban and rural areas, explaining 36% and 29% of the greening, respectively. However, the pathways of tree cover increase differed between urban and rural areas, with urban areas focusing on green space construction and rural areas implementing afforestation programs. In contrast, climate change and the CO2 fertilization effect had a greater contribution to the greening trend in rural areas than in urban areas. Our study demonstrates the positive role played by both urban and rural areas in China’s greening trends and elucidates the underlying mechanisms driving these changes, highlighting the need for differentiated strategies in urban and rural areas for future vegetation restoration.
Prediction of Response to Systemic Corticosteroids in Active UC by Microbial Composition—A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Blesl Andreas , Wurm Philipp , Waschina Silvio , Gröchenig Hans Peter , Novacek Gottfried , Primas Christian , Reinisch Walter , Kutschera Maximilian , Illiasch Constanze , Hennlich Barbara , Steiner Pius , Koch Robert , Tillinger Wolfgang , Haas Thomas , Reicht Gerhard , Mayer Andreas , Ludwiczek Othmar , Miehsler Wolfgang , Steidl Karin , Binder Lukas , Reider Simon , Watschinger Christina , Fürst Stefan , Kump Patrizia , Moschen Alexander , Aden Konrad , Gorkiewicz Gregor , Högenauer Christoph 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Corticosteroids are used for induction of remission in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. However, up to one-third of patients fail to this therapy. We investigated if fecal microbial composition or its metabolic capacity are associated with response to systemic corticosteroids.

Methods
In this prospective, multicenter study, patients with active ulcerative colitis (Lichtiger score ≥4) receiving systemic corticosteroids were eligible. Data were assessed and fecal samples collected before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Patients were divided into responders (decrease of Lichtiger Score ≥50%) and nonresponders. The fecal microbiome was assessed by the 16S rRNA gene marker and analyzed with QIIME 2. Microbial metabolic pathways were predicted using parsimonious flux balance analysis.

Results
Among 93 included patients, 69 (74%) patients responded to corticosteroids after 4 weeks. At baseline, responders could not be distinguished from nonresponders by microbial diversity and composition, except for a subgroup of biologic-naïve patients. Within 4 weeks of treatment, responders experienced changes in beta diversity with enrichment of ascribed beneficial taxa, including Blautia, Anaerostipes, and Bifidobacterium, as well as an increase in predicted butyrate synthesis. Nonresponders had only minor longitudinal taxonomic changes with a significant increase of Streptococcus salivarius and a microbial composition shifting away from responders.

Conclusion
Baseline microbial diversity and composition seem to be of limited use to predict response to systemic corticosteroids in active ulcerative colitis. Response is longitudinally associated with restoration of microbial composition and its metabolic capacity.
HLA-DQA1*05 Was Not Associated With Primary Nonresponse or Loss of Response to First Anti-TNF in Real-World Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Pascual-Oliver Andrea , Casas-Deza Diego , Cuarán Camila , García-López Santiago , Corsino-Roche Pilar , Sierra-Moros Eva , Olier-Martínez Pilar , González-Tarancón Ricardo , Vicente-Lidón Raquel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
We lack predictors of response to biologics in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A recent study has shown a significant association between HLA-DQA1*05 carriers and the development of loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mediated by immunogenicity.

Methods
Retrospective single-center cohort study including IBD patients who had received anti-TNF therapy as a first biologic and whose HLA-DQA1*05 had been determined. Primary nonresponse and secondary failure (assessed by survival analysis) have been evaluated as well as safety outcomes.

Results
A total of 199 IBD patients (161 [81%] with Crohn’s disease and 38 [19%] with ulcerative colitis) were included. A total of 42.4% were HLA-DQA1*05 carriers and 60% received combination therapy at the start of anti-TNF treatment. Median follow-up was 24 (interquartile range, 11-66) months. No statistically significant differences were found in primary nonresponse to anti-TNF (89.3% vs 87.8%; P = .825), depending on HLA carriers and noncarriers. No differences in secondary loss of response according to HLA variant in any of the analyses performed (full cohort, according to IBD or anti-TNF type) were observed. Again, no differences were observed in patients treated with combination therapy. In terms of safety, no significant differences were found in the rate of infusion reactions or serious adverse events.

Conclusion
In our real-life cohort of IBD patients treated for the first time with anti-TNF, being an HLA-DQA1*05 carrier did not act as a predictor of response failure, either primary or secondary. The safety of anti-TNF treatment has also not been influenced by the variant.
Introduction to The Symposium: “The Role of Mechanosensation in Robust Locomotion”
Authors: Stanchak Kathryn E , Katz Hilary R 
Published: July 2023

Synopsis
Mechanosensory information is a critical component of organismal movement control systems. Understanding the role mechanosensation plays in modulating organismal behavior requires inherently multidisciplinary research programs that reach across biological scales. Recently, there have been rapid advances in discerning how mechanosensory mechanisms are integrated into neural control systems and the impact mechanosensory information has on behavior. Thus, the Symposium “The Role of Mechanosensation in Robust Locomotion” at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology was convened to discuss these recent advances, compare and contrast different systems, share experimental advice, and inspire collaborative approaches to expand and synthesize knowledge. The diverse set of speakers presented on a variety of vertebrate, invertebrate, and robotic systems. Discussion at the symposium resulted in a series of manuscripts presented in this issue that address issues facing the broader field, mechanisms of mechanosensation, organismal function and biomechanics, and sensing in ecological and social contexts.
Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling and Genome Analysis of the penA-60.001 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clinical Isolates in China in 2021
Authors: Tang Yingxian , Liu Xiaofeng , Chen Wentao , Luo Xiaojuan , Zhuang Peiqu , Li Rongzhen , Lin Xiaomian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent public health threat. With dissemination of FC428-related clones, the efficacy of ceftriaxone has become controversial.

Methods
Agar dilution and whole genome sequencing were used to analyze AMR.

Results
High resistance to penicillin (75.2%), tetracycline (87.9%), ciprofloxacin (98.3%), ceftriaxone (8.9%), cefixime (14.3%), and azithromycin (8.6%) was observed among 463 isolates first collected in China in 2021. All penA-60.001 clones exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone or cefixime, and 1 of the 12 cases was resistant to azithromycin. ngMAST and ngSTAR of penA-60.001 isolates showed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the porB, tbpB, ponA, gyrA, and parC genes were the major causes of different sequence types. MLST-7365 (n = 5) and MLST-1903 (n = 3) were main genotypes, and the other 4 strains featured MLST-10314, MLST-13871, MLST-7827 and MLST-1600. Furthermore, resistance markers (eg, penA, blaTEM-1, blaTEM-135) and virus factors were detected. Most penA-60.001 strains were fully mixed with global FC428-related clones; 2021-A2 and F89 had the same origin; and 2021-A1 exhibited a unique evolutionary trajectory.

Conclusions
Results provide the first demonstration of extremely severe AMR rates of N gonorrhoeae in China in 2021, particularly strains with ceftriaxone decreased susceptibility. The sustained transmission of penA-60.001 subclones might further threaten treatment effectiveness.
The dual nature of the tidal tails of NGC 5904 (M5)
Authors: Piatti Andrés E 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The tangential velocity dispersion of stars belonging to the Milky Way globular cluster’s tidal tails has recently been found from N-body simulations to be a parameter that distinguishes between cored and cuspy profiles of low-mass dwarf galaxy dark matter subhaloes where that globular cluster formed, and the in situ formation scenario. In this context, we discovered that M5’s tidal tails are composed by stars at two different metallicity regimes ([Fe/H] ∼ −1.4 and −2.0 dex). The more metal-rich tidal tail stars are of the same metal content than M5’s members and have a tangential velocity dispersion that coincides with the predicted value for a cuspy formation scenario (subhalo mass ∼ 109 M⊙). The more metal-poor stars, that are found along the entire M5 tidal tails and have similar distributions to their more metal-rich counterparts in the M5 colour–magnitude diagram and orbit trajectory, have a tangential velocity dispersion that refers to a cored subhalo (mass ∼ 109 M⊙), or an in situ formation scenario. In order to reconcile the dual distribution of M5 tidal tail stars, in kinematics and chemistry, we propose that M5 collided with another more metal-poor and less-massive globular cluster anytime before or after it was accreted into the Milky Way.