bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography angiography features of retinal artery occlusion before and after intra‐arterial thrombolysis
Authors: Wu Qiaowei , Niu Yongyi , Chen Daiyu , Lin Hongbin , Tan Mingkui , Hu Yijun , Yu Honghua , Liang Anyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of intra‐arterial thrombolysis (IAT) surgery for the treatment of retinal artery occlusion (RAO).MethodsThis was a prospective observational study. Patients diagnosed with RAO who received IAT were enrolled. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations and OCTA scans. The best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), vascular densities (VDs) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), radial peripapillary capillaries, and central retinal thickness (CRT) were recorded. The above parameters were compared between RAO eyes and the fellow healthy eyes before and after IAT. Correlations between the BCVA and OCTA parameters in RAO eyes were calculated.ResultsThirty‐four eyes from 34 consecutive RAO patients with a mean age of 51.0 ± 12.9 years were enrolled. There was a considerable decrease of VDs in the SCP, DCP, and radial peripapillary capillaries in all RAO eyes (all p < 0.001). Compared with contralateral normal eyes, CRT was significantly increased in RAO eyes (p < 0.001). The SCP and DCP VDs were significantly improved after IAT surgery (p = 0.010 and 0.014, respectively). BCVA in logMAR unit was negatively correlated with the DCP VD (r = −0.664, p = 0.010) and positively correlated with CRT (r = 0.597, p = 0.024) after surgery, but not significantly correlated with VDs or CRT before surgery.ConclusionMacular and peripapillary VDs of the retina detected by OCTA were greatly decreased in RAO eyes and improved after IAT treatment. OCTA is capable of quantifying VDs in separate retinal layers non‐invasively, conveniently, efficiently, and precisely.
Robust quantification of CT‐ventilation biomarker techniques and repeatability in a porcine model
Authors: Flakus Mattison J. , Wuschner Antonia E. , Wallat Eric M. , Shao Wei , Meudt Jen , Shanmuganayagam Dhanansayan , Christensen Gary E. , Reinhardt Joseph M. , Bayouth John E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBiomarkers estimating local lung ventilation have been derived from computed tomography (CT) imaging using various image acquisition and post‐processing techniques. CT‐ventilation biomarkers have potential clinical use in functional avoidance radiation therapy (RT), in which RT treatment plans are optimized to reduce dose delivered to highly ventilated lung. Widespread clinical implementation of CT‐ventilation biomarkers necessitates understanding of biomarker repeatability. Performing imaging within a highly controlled experimental design enables quantification of error associated with remaining variables.PurposeTo characterize CT‐ventilation biomarker repeatability and dependence on image acquisition and post‐processing methodology in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs.MethodsFive mechanically ventilated Wisconsin Miniature Swine (WMS) received multiple consecutive four‐dimensional CT (4DCT) and maximum inhale and exhale breath‐hold CT (BH‐CT) scans on five dates to generate CT‐ventilation biomarkers. Breathing maneuvers were controlled with an average tidal volume difference <200 cc. As surrogates for ventilation, multiple local expansion ratios (LERs) were calculated from the acquired CT scans using Jacobian‐based post‐processing techniques. measured local expansion between an image pair using either inhale and exhale BH‐CT images or two 4DCT breathing phase images. measured the maximum local expansion across the 4DCT breathing phase images. Breathing maneuver consistency, intra‐ and interday biomarker repeatability, image acquisition and post‐processing technique dependence were quantitatively analyzed.ResultsBiomarkers showed strong agreement with voxel‐wise Spearman correlation for intraday repeatability and for all other comparisons, including between image acquisition techniques. Intra‐ and interday repeatability were significantly different (p < 0.01). LER2 and LERN post‐processing did not significantly affect intraday repeatability.Conclusions4DCT and BH‐CT ventilation biomarkers derived from consecutive scans show strong agreement in controlled experiments with nonhuman subjects.
To mask or not to mask? Investigating the impact of accounting for spatial frequency distributions and susceptibility sources on QSM quality
Authors: Sandgaard Anders Dyhr , Shemesh Noam , Jespersen Sune Nørhøj , Kiselev Valerij G. 
Published: March 2023

PurposeEstimating magnetic susceptibility using MRI depends on inverting a forward relationship between the susceptibility and measured Larmor frequency. However, an often‐overlooked constraint in susceptibility fitting is that the Larmor frequency is only measured inside the sample, and after successful background field removal, susceptibility sources should only reside inside the same sample. Here, we test the impact of accounting for these constraints in susceptibility fitting.Theory and MethodsTwo different digital brain phantoms with scalar susceptibility were examined. We used the MEDI phantom, a simple phantom with no background fields, to examine the effect of the imposed constraints for various levels of SNR. Next, we considered the QSM reconstruction challenge 2.0 phantom with and without background fields. We estimated the parameter accuracy of openly‐available QSM algorithms by comparing fitting results to the ground truth. Next, we implemented the mentioned constraints and compared to the standard approach.ResultsIncluding the spatial distribution of frequencies and susceptibility sources decreased the RMS‐error compared to standard QSM on both brain phantoms when background fields were absent. When background field removal was unsuccessful, as is presumably the case in most in vivo conditions, it is better to allow sources outside the brain.ConclusionInforming QSM algorithms about the location of susceptibility sources and where Larmor frequency was measured improves susceptibility fitting for realistic SNR levels and efficient background field removal. However, the latter remains the bottleneck of the algorithm. Allowing for external sources regularizes unsuccessful background field removal and is currently the best strategy in vivo.
Intestinal ACE2 regulates glucose metabolism in diet‐induced obese mice through a novel gut‐islet axis mediated by tryptophan
Authors: Chen Qi , Gao Fei , Gao Yuanyuan , Yang Songtao , Cao Jie , Deng Hongjun , Yang Fengying , Wang Ying , Yuan Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveAngiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a vital role in regulating intestinal tryptophan (Trp) transport and maintaining Trp homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the functional relationship between intestinal ACE2 and Trp in the regulation of glucose metabolism under metabolic stress.MethodsACE2‐knockout mice and mice with adeno‐associated virus‐mediated overexpression of ACE2 were fed with a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks to establish a high‐fat‐induced metabolic stress model. They were subjected to a Trp gavage intervention for another 4 weeks.ResultsHere, it is reported that ACE2 regulates intestinal Trp absorption by stabilizing neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1. Notably, in ACE2‐knockout mice, it was found that B0AT1 and serum Trp levels were significantly reduced, which was not reversed by Trp supplementation. However, mice receiving adeno‐associated virus‐ACE2 did the opposite and showed significantly improved glycolipid metabolism. It was then confirmed that Trp potentiated glucagon‐like peptide 1 production from intestinal and islet α‐cells. Meanwhile, Trp‐treated MIN6 cells ameliorated mitochondrial function and safely guarded MIN6 cells against reactive oxygen species exposure.ConclusionsThis study highlights an essential role of ACE2 in the maintenance of systemic metabolism to optimize the function of the islets through a novel gut‐islet axis mediated by Trp. These results provide proof‐of‐concept evidence for treating obesity and diabetes.
Effectiveness of semaglutide versus liraglutide for treating post‐metabolic and bariatric surgery weight recurrence
Authors: Murvelashvili Natia , Xie Luyu , Schellinger Jeffrey N. , Mathew M. Sunil , Marroquin Elisa Morales , Lingvay Ildiko , Messiah Sarah E. , Almandoz Jaime P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of semaglutide versus liraglutide for treating post‐metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) weight recurrence.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 207 adults with post‐MBS weight recurrence treated with semaglutide 1.0 mg weekly (n = 115) or liraglutide 3.0 mg daily (n = 92) at an academic center from January 1, 2015, through April 1, 2021, was conducted. The primary end point was percentage body weight change at 12 months of treatment with regimens containing semaglutide or liraglutide.ResultsThe mean sample age was 55.2 years; mean BMI was 40.4 kg/m2; 89.9% were female; and 50% completed sleeve gastrectomy, 29% completed Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, and 21% completed adjustable gastric banding. Least‐squares mean weight change at 12 months was −12.92% versus −8.77% in the semaglutide and liraglutide groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratios were 2.34 (95% CI: 1.28‐4.29) for ≥10% weight loss and 2.55 (95% CI: 1.22‐5.36) for ≥15% weight loss over 12 months in the semaglutide group versus liraglutide group, respectively. Weight‐loss efficacy of semaglutide (vs. liraglutide) did not differ by subgroups explored, including age, sex, and MBS procedure.ConclusionsThese results show that treatment regimens including semaglutide 1.0 mg weekly lead to superior weight loss compared with liraglutide 3.0 mg daily for treating post‐MBS weight recurrence, regardless of procedure type or the magnitude of weight recurrence.
Filtered auxiliary model recursive generalized extended parameter estimation methods for Box–Jenkins systems by means of the filtering identification idea
Authors: Ding Feng , Xu Ling , Zhang Xiao , Zhou Yihong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor equation‐error autoregressive moving average systems, that is, Box–Jenkins systems, this paper presents a filtered auxiliary model generalized extended stochastic gradient identification method, a filtered auxiliary model multi‐innovation generalized extended stochastic gradient identification method, a filtered auxiliary model recursive generalized extended gradient identification method, a filtered auxiliary model multi‐innovation recursive generalized extended gradient identification method, a filtered auxiliary model recursive generalized extended least squares identification method, and a filtered auxiliary model multi‐innovation recursive generalized extended least squares identification method by using the filtering identification idea and the auxiliary model identification idea. The proposed filtered auxiliary model recursive generalized extended identification methods can be generalized to other linear and nonlinear multivariable stochastic systems with colored noises.
Nonlinear switched model predictive control with multiple Lyapunov functions for trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance of nonholonomic systems
Authors: Zhao Hai , Yang Hongjiu , Wang Zhengyu , Li Hongbo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance for a nonholonomic system subject to external disturbances by a nonlinear switched model predictive control (MPC) strategy. In the nonlinear switched MPC strategy, a potential field is introduced in a cost function to guarantee a smooth path for the nonholonomic system. A switched mechanism is designed to ensure switching stability by setting multiple Lyapunov functions in different areas. Different from traditional switched mechanisms, an average dwell time closely related to stability conditions is proposed to balance safety and stability in the whole process. Recursive feasibility is presented for the nonlinear switched MPC strategy in trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance. Simulation results are provided to show effectiveness and superiority of the nonlinear switched MPC strategy by a two‐wheeled mobile vehicle.
Finite‐time fault estimate and fault‐tolerant control for discrete‐time Markov jump systems with actuator and sensor faults
Authors: Zhu Xiaodan , Li Wuquan , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper solves the finite‐time fault estimation (FE) and fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem for discrete‐time Markov jump systems with actuator and sensor faults. A new extended state system is constructed by taking the fault as a state. For this system, a novel observer is shown to estimate states, actuator and faults of considered systems, simultaneously. Based on the utilized estimation, a fault‐tolerant controller is proposed to ensure the finite‐time boundedness of closed‐loop ones with performance. The feasibility of the proposed finite‐time FE and FTC scheme is illustrated based on a simulation example.
An inquiry into urban carrying capacity of sustainable development demonstration belt of China: Multiscale evaluation and multidimensional interaction
Authors: Tan Feifei , Gong Chunyan , Niu Zhiyuan , Zhao Yuxuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow to seek multiregional sustainable development within planetary boundaries depends on the scientific inquiry into urban carrying capacity from multiscale evaluation and multidimensional interaction. Using a typical region moving forward on the sustainable development demonstration belt of China, the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), as a case study, a new integrated framework of multiscale evaluation and multidimensional interaction is proposed to track the urban comprehensive carrying capacity. We made a multiscale comprehensive assessment and constructed a panel vector autoregressive model for giving dissection on the drivers of urban carrying capacity and the qualitative and quantitative interaction from multidimensional variations. Results show that (1) the urban carrying capacity of China's YREB and its three reaches harbors an upward trend over time although there are uneven development patterns of inter‐regional and inter‐dimensional urban carrying capacity; (2) factor market carrying capacity (FMCC) is the critical driving force among four dimensions of urban carrying capacity, which has promotion effects on ecological environment carrying capacity (EECC) and industrial economics carrying capacity, but an inhibiting effect on transportation carrying capacity (TCC). (3) FMCC is the Granger cause of TCC, and there is a bidirectional Granger causality between the dimensions of FMCC and EECC; (4) each dimension is self‐supporting and influenced by its fluctuations. Tracking the underlying factors of urban carrying capacity can help construct an early‐warning mechanism when confronting the challenge of sustainable development and play a guiding role in both academic and practical aspects.
Synergistic effect of K+and PANI in vanadium oxide hydration by interlayer engineering boosts the ammonium ion storage
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Feng Ziying , Dong Xueying , Jiang Hanmei , Meng Changgong , Zhang Yifu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAqueous ammonium‐ion (NH4+) hybrid supercapacitor (AA‐HSC), as a new type of energy storage device with great potential, is in the initial stage of rapid development. Based on its special energy storage mechanism, exploiting novel NH4+‐hosting materials is still a great challenge. Herein, vanadium oxide hydration (VOH) tuned by interlayer engineering of K+/PANI co‐intercalation, named KVO/PANI, is designed for AA‐HSC. Intercalated PANI can shield interaction between NH4+and V–O layers to some extent and enlarge interlayer space, which improves the efficiency of reversible NH4+(de)insertion. However, K+enhances redox activity and electronic conductivity. The synergistic effect of co‐intercalation optimizes intercalation pseudocapacitive behavior during the (de)ammonization process, which is reported in NH4+storage for the first time. Theoretical calculations reveal that the lowered electron transport barrier and enhanced electronic conductivity improve NH4+kinetics and exhibit high capacitance for charge storage. The KVO/PANI can deliver the specific capacitance of 340 F g−1at 0.5 A g−1and retain 177 F g−1at 10 A g−1. Pairing with activated carbon, the AA‐HSC can achieve a decent energy density of 31.8 Wh kg−1. This work gives inorganic/organic co‐intercalation that can enhance the NH4+storage of VOH by interlayer engineering. The strategy can be used to design other materials for aqueous energy storage systems.
Introduction of Laparoscopy in an Urban High‐Volume Sub‐Saharan Trauma Centre
Authors: Makhadi Shumani , Lubout Megan , Moeng Maeyane S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionTrauma is a major disease burden in low and middle‐income countries like South Africa. Abdominal trauma is one of the leading reasons for emergency surgery. The standard of care for these patients is a laparotomy. In selected trauma patients, laparoscopy has both diagnostic and therapeutic usage. The trauma burden and the number of cases seen in a busy trauma unit make laparoscopy challenging.AimWe wanted to describe our journey with laparoscopy in the management of abdominal trauma in a busy urban trauma unit in Johannesburg, South Africa.MethodsWe reviewed all trauma patients who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) or therapeutic laparoscopy (TL) between 01 January 2017 and 31 October 2020 for blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. The demographic data, indications for laparoscopy, injuries identified, procedures performed, intraoperative laparoscopic complications, conversion to laparotomy, morbidity, and mortality were evaluated.ResultsA total of 54 patients who had laparoscopy were included in the study. The median age was 29 years (IQR 25–25). Most injuries were penetrating 85.2% (n = 46/54) and 14.8% blunt trauma. Most patients were males, 94.4% (n = 51/54). Indications for laparoscopy included diaphragm evaluation (40.7%), pneumoperitoneum for evaluation of potential bowel injury (16.7%), free fluid with no evidence of solid organ injury (12.9%) and colostomy (5.5%). There were 8 (14.8%) cases converted to laparotomy. There were no missed injuries or mortality in the study group.ConclusionLaparoscopy in selected trauma patients is safe even in a busy trauma unit. It is associated with less morbidity and shortened hospital length of stay.
Data-driven subtyping of Parkinson’s disease: comparison of current methodologies and application to the Bochum PNS cohort
Authors: Chen Qiang , Scherbaum Raphael , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Mosig Axel , Zella Samis , Tönges Lars 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConsiderable efforts have been made to better describe and identify Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes. Cluster analyses have been proposed as an unbiased development approach for PD subtypes that could facilitate their identification, tracking of progression, and evaluation of therapeutic responses. A data-driven clustering analysis was applied to a PD cohort of 114 subjects enrolled at St. Josef-Hospital of the Ruhr University in Bochum (Germany). A wide spectrum of motor and non-motor scores including polyneuropathy-related measures was included into the analysis. K-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering were performed to identify PD subtypes. Silhouette and Calinski–Harabasz Score Elbow were then employed as supporting evaluation metrics for determining the optimal number of clusters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to determine the relevance of each score for the clusters’ definition. Three PD cluster subtypes were identified: early onset mild type, intermediate type, and late-onset severe type. The between-cluster analysis consistently showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01), except for one of the scores measuring polyneuropathy (Neuropathy Disability Score; P = 0.609) and Levodopa dosage (P = 0.226). Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Non-motor Symptom Questionnaire (NMSQuest), and the MDS-UPDRS Part II were found to be crucial factors for PD subtype differentiation. The present analysis identifies a specific set of criteria for PD subtyping based on an extensive panel of clinical and paraclinical scores. This analysis provides a foundation for further development of PD subtyping, including k-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering.Trial registration: DRKS00020752, February 7, 2020, retrospectively registered.
The role of social cognition in mental health trajectories from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Tsomokos Dimitris I. , Flouri Eirini 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigated the association between an aspect of Theory of Mind in childhood, false-belief understanding, and trajectories of internalising (emotional and peer) and externalising (conduct and hyperactivity) problems in childhood and adolescence. The sample was 8408 children from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study, followed at ages 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 years. Social cognitive abilities were measured at 5 and 7 years through a vignette version of the Sally–Anne task administered by an unfamiliar assessor in a socially demanding dyadic interaction. Internalising and externalising problems were measured via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 7–17 years. Using latent growth modelling, and after controlling for sex, ethnicity, maternal education, verbal ability, and time-varying family income, we found that superior social cognitive abilities predicted a decrease in emotional problems over time. In sex-stratified analyses, they predicted decreasing conduct problem trajectories in females and lower levels of conduct problems at baseline in males.
The tumor-nerve circuit in breast cancer
Authors: Cui Qiuxia , Jiang Dewei , Zhang Yuanqi , Chen Ceshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is well established that innervation is one of the updated hallmarks of cancer and that psychological stress promotes the initiation and progression of cancer. The breast tumor environment includes not only fibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes but also neurons, which is increasingly discovered important in breast cancer progression. Peripheral nerves, especially sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves, have been reported to play important but different roles in breast cancer. However, their roles in the breast cancer progression and treatment are still controversial. In addition, the brain is one of the favorite sites of breast cancer metastasis. In this review, we first summarize the innervation of breast cancer and its mechanism in regulating cancer growth and metastasis. Next, we summarize the neural-related molecular markers in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In addition, we review drugs and emerging technologies used to block the interactions between nerves and breast cancer. Finally, we discuss future research directions in this field. In conclusion, the further research in breast cancer and its interactions with innervated neurons or neurotransmitters is promising in the clinical management of breast cancer.