bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological Changes Indused by Monosodium Glutamate on the Growth and Development of the Offsprings Albino Mice Cornea
Authors: Maieda Noori Ibrahim  , Samira Abd Al Hussian  
Published: April 2023

This research aim to study the effect of different doses of a Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) to cause histopathological changes in the offspring corneal for the ages 7, 15, 21, 30, and 60 days. The mothers, type Mus musculus mice has been orally administrated from 17th day of pregnancy by different concentrations (2, 4, and 8 g/Kg/ body weight) of MSG using stomach tube. Microscopic examination showed no changes in the cornea for a seventh day and administrated concentrations of 2 and 4 g / kg body weight, but observed degeneration of fibre stroma, necrosis and the reduction of the anterior epithelial layer of the cornea at dose of 8 g / kg. In the group of 15 days, these changes are mentioned; hyperplasia in the anterior epithelium of the peripheral cornea of 2 g, deformation in the peripheral part of the cornea and the reduction of thickness and intensify the stroma components at a concentration of 4 g either at a concentration of 8 g / kg has appeared hyperplasia in fibroblast cells in the corneal stroma and wave of the basement membrane of anterior epithelial tissue of central cornea. In a group 21days, these changes are shown; necrosis and rarefaction in stroma of central cornea while the reduction of the anterior epithelial layer of the peripheral cornea notes and wave anterior surface of the cornea in the concentration of 2 g / kg. Deformation appeared and reduction layers and irregular with dissociation in the stromal fibers in some areas in the concentration of 4 g / kg, while in the concentration of 8 g / kg show damage in the anterior part of epithelial of the central corneal tissue. In a group 30 days and concentration of 2 g / kg, these changes were observed; necrosis, swelling in some anterior epithelial cells, condensation of nuclei in endothelial cells, with Keratinized at the surface of the cornea and edema in the stroma. Bulge appeared in the stroma of peripheral cornea and hyperplasia in fiberoblast at a concentration of 4g/kg, meanwhile at a concentration of 8 g/kg show necrosis under the anterior epithelium of central cornea and dissociation of stromal fiberoblast. In the group 60 Days at the concentration of 2 g / kg show damage in the anterior epithelial tissue of the peripheral cornea and hyperplasia in some parts of the anterior epithelial tissue in the central cornea. At the concentration of 4g/kg show damage in the stromal fibers of peripheral corneal epithelium and detachment of endothelial tissue. In concentration 8 g/kg reduction appeared in the anterior epithelial tissue in the certain part of the cornea, hyperplasia in endothelial tissue, condensed layer appeared on the surface of anterior epithelial tissue.
The preparation of " salicylic acid azo 2,2,4,4 tetrahydroxybenzophenon" dye using Dowex in the acidic form as a catalyst
Authors: Ammar A. Dawood  , Emaad M. Awsaj  , Alaa S. Ateaa  
Published: April 2023

The preparation of azo dye derivative from " p- amino Salicylic acid " through preparation diazonium salt from aromatic amine followed by coupling reaction with (2,2,4,4-tetrahydroxybenzophenonto) was carried out to give (salicylic acid azo 2,2,4,4 tetrahydroxybenzophenon) using Dowex in the acidic form as a catalyst. The structure of azo dye produced by this reaction was assigned on the bases of spectral data (FT-IR) and (C.H.N.) analysis and the results obtained indicated the occurrence of the coupling reaction by the novel acidic catalyst.
Study The Effect of Increase Exposure Distance to Power and Beam Diameter in CO2Laser
Authors: Khalil Ibrahim Mohammed  
Published: April 2023

In this research, a practical determination of the power in CO2 laser at every value from the operating current had been studied. The measurement had been carried out through the calculations of the temperature produced by the laser beam, in addition, the effect of the distance between the leaser generator and the target had been measured, furthermore, increase of the spot diameter was studied at the increase of the distance between the laser device and the target surface.
Results have confirmed that the laser power was increased linearly with the operating current of the laser system, as it should be expected. On the other hand Laser spot had been found to be less sensitive to distances from the laser below (10) cm, and found to be increased (30) times at distances more than (55) cm.
Astudy of organic solvents to obtain bio-products from two genus of cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. 65, Nostoc sp. 69 and identification of toxins in these bio-products by Hplc/Ms technique
Authors: Aeman Awni Saleem  
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the types of organic solvents (Ethanol, Methanol, Diethyl ether, Acetone and water) on the amount of bio-products derived from two genus of cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp. Tu 65 and Nostoc sp. Tu 69) who were isolated and growth on selective media ASM-1 under temperature at (26) °C and pH (7.6) under continuous lighting intensity (2500) Lux for 30 days. The growth were measured by optical density by spectrophotometer at wave length 436 nm. The daily growth of the genus Anabaena sp. Tu 65 showed higher than that of the genus Nostoc sp. Tu 69.Extractionby organic solvents shown that the Methanol is the best solvent for extraction of bio-products from the two genus followed by Ethanol, Diethyl ether, Acetone and water respectively.
Identification the toxic compounds in the bio-products by HPLC_MS technique shown that the bio-products from the genus Anabaena sp. Tu 65, the presence of neurotoxin (anatoxin a (s)) as well as the presence of the compound ADDA (3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid), one of the key parts for all types of Microcystins which considered as important of liver toxins produced by cyanobacteria, which, as the spectrum readings showed the presence of hepatic toxin [D-Asp3, Dha7] MCYST-LR is one of the types of Microcystins.
While the bio-products from the genus Nostoc sp. Tu 69 shown the presence of the compound (MCYST-YM (O)) which also one of the types of liver toxin Microcystin, as well as the presence of another hepatic toxin [D-Asp3, Dha7] MCYST-LR, whichis another type of Microcystins too, as well as the presence of neurotoxin Anatoxin a( s),also the probability of the presence of another neurotoxin Anatoxin, which appeared in the spectrum readings.
Comparative study of the carnitine, Gensing, Dill, and Arginine effect in sperm of normal and experimentally H2O2 induced oxidative stres albino male rats
Authors: Hussien Mohammad Tayawi  , Sahib Jumaa Abdurrahman  
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Carnitine, Gensing, Dill and Arginine in characteristics of the sperms:total sperm, percentage of live and dead sperm, normal and abnormal sperm in male normal and exposuedrats to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2(0.5%) in drinking water during the experiment for 30 days. Fifty male rats used in age 12-14 weeks in weights (300-325g) divided randomly into 10 groups, included 5 in each group as following.
Control, H2O2 , Carnitine , carnitine + H2O2 , Gensing , Gensing + H2O2, Dill, Dill+ H2O2, Arginine, Arginine + H2O2 groups.
Results showed:
1- Treating normal rats with Carnitine, Gensing , Dill, Arginine, led to a significant increase in value(P≤0.05) in Total sperm, percentage of live sperm, and a significant decrease in dead sperm and no difference in normal and abnormal sperm percentage comparing to control group.
2- Oxidative stress Induced by H2O2 led to significant increase in value (P≤ 0.05) in percentage of abnormal sperm comparing to control group. While there were a significant decrease in value (P≤0.05) in Total sperm, percentage of live and normal sperm.
3- Treating rats exposure to oxidative stress with Carnitine, Gensing, Dill, Arginine, led to a significant decrease in value (P≤0.05) in percentage of abnormal and dead sperm, While the treating led to significant increase in Total sperm, percentage of live and normal sperm.
Cytogenetic Effects Of Fumagillin On Male Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Wajdi Sabeeh Sadeq  , Asaad Abed-Elwahed Bader  , Yazan Ali Taha  
Published: April 2023

The cytogenetic effects of Fumagillin were evaluated according to Mitotic Index (M.I) and aberration of metaphase chromosomes in bone marrow cells(CA) of white mice. The fumagillin was given as repeated oral gavages for 7 successive days after preparing the doses 10,15 at concentrations 20 mg/kg.b.wt. in 50% of sugar syrup . The positive control was given single I.p. dose of 20 mg/kg.b.wt. of methotrexate. The three dosages 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg.b.wt of Fumagillin induced significant decrease in mitotic index (3.90 ± 0.29, 3.60 ± 1.80, and 2.90 ±0.18) respectively compared with (7.10 ±0.29) for negative control. The results showed that the two dosages 15 and 20 mg/kg.b.wt of Fumagillin induced significant increase in the frequency of the chromosome aberration in bone marrow cells of the mice in the these groups (9.00± 0.92, 17.20 ± 1.42) respectively compared with (6.00 ±0.83) for negative control. The obtained result revealed the genetic and cellular toxic reaction of Fumagillin within the high and medium limits studied doses.
Study of Erythropoietin and number of antibiotics in renal failure and thalassemia patients
Authors: Ansam Hussein Ali  , Sahib J. Abdurahman  , Mousa J. Mohammed  
Published: April 2023

The current study included 130 people over a period of research from October 2015 to May 2016 who have renal failure and thalassemia. Samples were studied divided in three groups: the first group: included 50 people (62-20 years) with renal failure, and the second group: included 50 people(30-12 years) infected with thalassemia in addition to the 30 people (18-54 years) represented a group of healthy control. The present study aimed to find out the dynamic effect of the hormone erythropoietin and its role in anemia by examining the level of serum hormone erythropoietin among patients with thalassemia as well as anemia in patients with renal failure, in addition to the effect of some of the biochemical parameters associated antioxidants system such as Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The study concludes the following results: The results showed a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the concentration of the erythropoietin hormone in the two groups of patients renal failure while there was a significant increase in patients with a group of thalassemia for males and did not record results significant difference for a group of female thalassemia patients when compared with the control group. The results show that there is a significant decrease in the level of glutathione and SOD and catalase enzyme, and for both males and females in the patients groups when compared with the control group
Cross malformations and Histolgical Changes in Brain and Eyes of Mice and Their Embryos Exposed to Glue smoke
Authors: Hafidh Ibrahim Al-Sadi  , Hani Malallah Hamodi Al-Hmadani  , Rayya Ghalib Al-Sultan  
Published: April 2023

Histological changes were detected in brain and eyes of female mice and their embryos as a result of exposure to the doses1500,2500 and 3500mg/kg body weight) of glue smoke given during the7th day of pregnancy as till the18th day of pregnancy. Data of behavioral changes were recorded of the2500and3500mg/kg body weight that included agitation, abnormal movements and hyperactivity. These changes continued for 30min were followed by fatigue, anorexia, and mice became located at one corner of the cageAbortions occurred at the rates15% and40%following the doses 2500 and 3500mg/kg body weight, respectively. This was coupled with the occurrence of 34%,65% and 80% doses of malformation due to the doses 1500,3500and3500mg/kg body weight respectively. Malformations included mongolism, stunted growth, head defects (encephalomeningocele and circular head which appeared as bird head), displacement of eyes and ears, skin wrinkling and flabness, skeletal deformities, and aberrations of limbs and tail.
Pathological lesions were developed on the fetuses included hypercellularity of the cerebral cortex ,edema of the meninges and ophthalmic changes delayed growth and development of many parts of the eye, damage of the lens, edema of the outer plexiform layers of the retina and duplication of the retina. These results supported the putative pathological effect of glue smoke in brain and eyes of pregnant mice and their embryos.
Study of response Trigonella foenum- graecum to spraying with high potassium (Miller) and high phosphor (Agroleaf)
Authors: Abrar Akeel Naser  
Published: April 2023

The experiment was conducted in one of horticulture station through the season 2013-2014 , to study the response of Trigonella foenum - graecum to spraying with high potassium Miller and high phosphor Agroleaf , the experiment was including six treatment comparison was results from the interaction between two factors , the first one spraying with high potassium Miller with three levels (0, 250, 400) gm. 100L-1, The second spraying with high phosphor Agroleaf in two levels (0, 400) gm, 100 L-1, replicated three times gave eighteen experiment units. R.C.B.D. was choosen in factorial experiment , the results compared in Duncan test at 5%. Results are summarized that high potassium spraying (400gm . 100L-1) and high phosphor Agroleaf spraying second level 400gm. 100L-1 gave highest value (35.58, 5.66, 12.16, 11.5, 305.5) and (36.05, 5.77, 11.33, 11.11, 297.3) compared with the control treatment in vegetative growth characters and yield (plant height , branches numbers , bods numbers, seeds numbers, total yield), interaction between high potassium spraying miller 400gm 100L-1 + agroleaf 400gm 100L-1 gave increasing to other treatment in all vegetative growth characters and yield (39, 7.33, 18.33, 14, 310.7) .
Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2,3- Triazole Derivatives from D-Mannitol
Authors: Ihmood Kh. Juber  
Published: April 2023

This research included the use of azido D-Mannitol (3) to synthesize 1,2,3 triazole derivatives. Azido D – Mannitol (3) itself used as an intermediate which was prepared from reaction of 1, 2:5, 6-Di-o-isopropylidene-3,4-di-p-tosyl-D-Mannitol (2) with sodium azide. The prepared compound (3) was allowed to react with alkenes for the formation of corresponding 1,2,3 triazole (4a-e ).
The structures of some prepared compounds were confirmed by physical properties and spectroscopic methods FT-IR , 1H-NMR , 13C-NMR and Mass spectra in addition to use TLC.
K-means Clustering, Unsupervised Classification, K-NN, Euclidean Distance, Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Maaeda Mohsin Rashid  
Published: April 2023

In recent days, the need to provide reliable data transmission over Internet traffics or cellular mobile systems becomes very important. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) represents the prevailing protocol that provide reliability to data transferring in all end-to-end data stream services on the Internet and many of new networks. TCP congestion control has become the key factor manipulating the behavior and performance of the networks. TCP sender can regulates the size of the congestion window (CWND) using the congestion control mechanism and TCP dynamically adjust the window size depending on the packets acknowledgment (ACK) or by indicates the packets losses when occur. TCP congestion control includes two main phases, slow-start and congestion avoidance and these two phases even work separately, but the combination of them controls CWND and the packet injection to the network pipe. Congestion avoidance and slow-start are liberated mechanisms and using unlike objectives, but if the congestion happens, they are executed together. This article provides an efficient and reliable congestion avoidance mechanism to enhancing the TCP performance in large-bandwidth low-latency networks. The proposed mechanism also includes a facility to send multiple flows over same connection with a novel technique to estimate the number of available flows dynamically, where the all experiments to approving the proposed techniques are performed over the network simulation NS-2.
Cytogenetic study of Acute myelogenous Leukemia in Erbil City-Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Kazhall  Muhammad Sulaeman  
Published: April 2023

Acute myelogenous leukemia is a blood disorder. It is tenth most frequent cancer, and the third leading cause of cancer death through the world. Acute myeloid leukemia is clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by multitude of chromosomal changes. The objective of the present study is to study frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Acute myelogenous leukemia patients in Erbil City. Blood samples were collected from 50 patients and 20 controls from both sex at different age groups. Because Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous disorder; genetic factors, smoking habit, patients occupation, blood diseases, genetic diseases and various environmental factors contribute to its development. Other factors was also studied included patient gender and age. The results showed that a significant increases in the chromosomal abnormalities in the patients when compare to control group and that highest value of chromosomal aberrations was (Dicentric chromosome) which occurred in males at fourth age group (60-69), also it showed that most patients are males who are at age group(60-69)year, Also the results showed that most of patients have smoking habit especially males, and because environmental and occupational exposures to chemicals play an important role, So the most patients have mylodysplasia blood disease.
Diagnostic study for Toxoplasmosis by Serological test and PCR technique in Kirkuk province
Authors: Fatin M. Nawwab Al-Deen  , Mohammed A. Kadir  , Rafae Z .Mukhlif Al-Sugmiany  
Published: April 2023

Background: Severe Toxoplasma gondii infection in early pregnancy brings the risk of transferring the infection to the unborn baby with serious abnormality. The aim of identifying toxoplasmosis in early stage is to recognize mother-to-infant transmission for early cure to avoid undesirable complication. Using serological test to determine anti-Toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM antibodies possibly may not identify new or even previous infection. However, many molecular techniques are now being extensively used through the world among these methods polymerase chain reaction PCR technique emerged as the most widely accepted method for directly detection infectious agents. Thus, the goal in this study is to compare immunoassay by indirect (IgM and IgG) detection diagnostic technique and conventional PCR as molecular assay in diagnosis of T. gondii in whole blood of aborted females in Kirkuk province-Iraq.
Methods: Here we applied indirect routine serological diagnosis test for detection toxoplasma specific IgM and IgG antibodies in females blood with spontaneous abortion and compare the efficiency of this method with PCR technique to detect the pathogenic protozoan T. gondii based on identification of (the B1 gene) as a target. Eighty-one females were incorporated in this study with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions. All of these cases were limited to only females in the reproductive age (19-44 years). There are several serological diagnostic test kits available in Iraqi markets; however, the sensitivity and effectiveness of these commercial kits are not examined by most of the laboratories before they are obtained. Therefore, blood samples from female patients with single or repeated abortion were tested for detection specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies using commercially available (Medical-Biozec) kit in Kirkuk province and compare that with the results are obtained from conventional PCR assay.
Results: The results showed that the conventional-PCR analysis is remarkably more sensitive than serological test, with a relatively high proportion of the positive samples for PCR compared with the serological diagnosis. The serological test results revealed that anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 14.81% of aborted women, 3.7% of them were positive for IgM, while 11.11% were positive for IgG. On the contrary, conventional PCR analysis found that 44.44% of aborted women showed positive result for B1 gene of T. gondii. Despite this, most of positive serology-aborted women exposed positive result for B1 gene of T. gondii, except two cases include false-positive IgM results
Study of the efficacy of Lambdacyhalothrin 10% wp and the Fruits extracts of Datura innoxia plant in the fourth larval instar and adults of sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: Saeed Maher Lafta  
Published: April 2023

The results of the present study, which aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of Lambdacyhalothrin 10% and alcoholic extracts of Datura innoxia fruits in the control of fourth larval instar and adults of the phlebotomus papatasi , indicated that the highest mortality percentage of the larval instar was 100% in concentration 3 μL / ml, and the lowest mortality percentage of 33.3% at the lowest concentration of 0.05 μL / ml. The results of adult treatment were the highest mortality percentage of 93.33% at the concentration of 3 μL / ml and the lowest mortality percentage were 20% at concentration of 0.05 μL / ml after 24 Hour of treatment.
The results of the treatment of the fourth larval instar with the Datura innoxia fruits extracts showed that the highest mortality percentage was 100% for the concentration of 2000 ppm and the lowest of 13.3% at 75 ppm. The highest mortality percentage of adults insects was 100% when treated with the most effective concentrations (1600, 2000ppm). Thus, the results are shown to be affected by the control method used and the interaction of the insect larval instar to this method. In the end, there was a convergence of the effect of the insecticide and extract in the larval instar and adults insect.
Histological structure of the cervical segment oesophagus in goats and sheep (Comparison study)
Authors: Ayad Hameed Ebraheem  , Bader Khatlan Hameed  , Feras Abass Hussein  
Published: April 2023

Twelve adult animals of both goats and sheep were used in this study. The segments of oesophagus from the anterior 3rd (cervical part) were taken from six samples of goats and six samples of sheep. The segments of 0.5cm were processed by histological techniques which were stained by haematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscope. The results of this examination revealed that, both species of animals had the for layers which were the tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia, the mucosa had stratified squamous epithelium with variable amount of keratin on its surface, the lamina properia was formed by dense connective tissue with the presence of thin zone of muscularis mucosa, while in sheep the keratin on the surface of epithelium was more and the lamina properia was thinner than goat, but the muscularis mucosa was formed by masses of smooth muscle fibers more than goat.
The sub mucosa was more condensed with connective tissue in goat than sheep with the presence of medium and small sized blood vessels. In this layer in both animals. The tunica muscularis of both were formed by skeletal muscle fibers, in goat were arranged into three directions which were inner circular, middle oblique and outer longitudinal, while in sheep was found as inner circular and outer longitudinal. finally, both animals were containing outer layer of loose connective tissue called tunica adventitia and in sheep had more fat cells invaded this layer with blood vessels, fat cells and nerves.