bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on insulation challenges towards electrification of aircraft
Authors: Jiang Jun , Li Zhi , Li Wenyuan , Ranjan Prem , Wei Xingdong , Zhang Xu , Zhang Chaohai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCompared to the traditional aircraft, electrification of power system in aircraft has potential to revolutionise the aviation industry. Typically, more‐electric aircraft (MEA), even all‐electric aircraft has been developed and delivered to decrease the greenhouse gas emission and increase the energy efficiency. The next generation of MEA will operate at high voltage to facilitate the transfer of significant levels of electrical power in an electrified aircraft. However, the higher voltage inevitably leads to an increased risk to the insulation of the electrical components and power system. This study aims to provide a critical overview of the insulation challenges from the perspective of electrified aircraft, typically MEA application. The development of MEA and the special working conditions are explained at the beginning. Then the insulation challenges of power modules, electric machines, aeronautical cables etc. are discussed in detail. Finally, the existing technical barriers and future prospects of insulation for electrified aircraft are summarised. It provides a reference for the future design and test in power system of next generation MEA and related electrified air transportations.
A DCA‐based sparse coding for video summarization with MCP
Authors: Li Yujie , Li Zhenni , Tan Benying , Ding Shuxue 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVideo summarization offers a summary version that conveys the primary information of a longer video. The main challenges of video summarization are related to keyframe extraction and saliency mapping. Thus, this work proposes a sparse coding model for keyframe extraction and saliency mapping applications. Specifically, the minimax concave penalty (MCP) is utilized as a sparse regularization scheme and the regularized non‐convex MCP problem is solved by decomposing MCP into two convex functions and the convex function's algorithm difference is relied on to solve the resulting sub‐problems. The experimental results demonstrate higher compressed keyframes and saliency maps than current state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. In particular, the model attains a lower summary length of 34% and 19% compared to sparse modeling representation selection (SMRS) and sparse modeling using the determinant sparsity measure (SC‐det), respectively. In addition, the developed scheme has a shorter computation time, requiring 82% and 33% less time than the ITTI and the dense and sparse reconstruction (DSR) methods.
A Decade of Global Skull Base Researchers: Authorship Trends from 3,295 Abstracts in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base
Authors: Behmer Hansen Rosemary T. , Palma Samantha D. , Blocher III William A. , Behmer Hansen Ryan A. , Gold Justin L. , Susman Stephen J. , Batchu Sai , Silva Nicole A. , Richardson Angela M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective The North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) multidisciplinary annual conference hosts skull base researchers from across the globe. We hypothesized that the work presented at the NASBS annual conference would reveal diverse authorship teams in terms of specialty and geography.
Methods In this retrospective review, abstracts presented at the NASBS annual meeting and subsequently published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base between 01/01/2011 and 12/31/2020 were collected. Variables extracted included year, type of presentation, and author names and affiliations. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS V23.0 with p-values less than 0.05 considered significant. Geographic heat maps were created to assess author distribution, and a network analysis was performed to display authorship collaboration between geographic regions.
Results Of 3,312 published abstracts, 731 (22.1%) had an author with an affiliation outside of the United States. Fifty-seven distinct countries were represented. Three-hundred twenty-four abstracts (9.8%) had authorship teams representing at least 2 different countries. The top five US states by abstract representation were Pennsylvania, California, New York, Ohio, and Minnesota. A majority of authors reported neurosurgery affiliations (56.7% first authors, 53.2% last authors), closely followed by otolaryngology (39.1% first authors, 41.5% last authors). No solo authors and very few (3.3%) of the first authors reported a departmental affiliation outside of otolaryngology or neurosurgery.
Conclusions Authors from many countries disseminate their work through poster and oral presentations at the NASBS annual meeting. Ten percent of abstracts were the product of international collaboration. Most authors were affiliated with a neurosurgery or otolaryngology department.
Oblique Axis Hypothenar Free Flaps: Tips for Harvesting Larger Flaps with Minimal Donor Site Morbidity
Authors: Oh Sang Ho , Chung Jae In 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Hypothenar free flaps (HTFFs) have been widely used for reconstructing palmar defects. Although previous anatomical and clinical studies of HTFF have been conducted, this technique still has some limitations. In this study, we describe some tips for large flap design that allows for easy harvesting of HTFFs with minimal donor site morbidity.
Methods A total of 14 HTFF for hand defect reconstruction were recorded. The oblique flap was designed in the proximal HT area following relaxed skin tension line along the axis between fourth web space and 10 mm ulnar side of pisiform. A flap pedicle includes one or two perforators with ulnar digital artery and HT branch of basilic vein. In addition, innervated HTFF can be harvested with a branch of ulnar digital nerve. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain data on patients' information, operative details, and follow-up period. In addition, surgical outcome score was obtained from the patient, up to 10 points, at the last follow-up.
Results Mean harvest time was 46 minutes, and two perforators were included in 10 cases. The mean flap area was 10.84 cm2. There were no problems such as donor site depression, scar contracture, keloids, wound dehiscence, numbness or neuroma pain at donor sites, and hypersensitivity or cold intolerance at flap site, either functionally or aesthetically.
Conclusion Palmar defect reconstruction is challenging for hand surgeons. However, large HTFF can be harvested without complications using the oblique axis HTFF technique. We believe our surgical tips increase utility of HTFF for palmar defect reconstruction.
Surgical Management of Lumbar Adhesive Arachnoiditis Postmeningitis: A Bermuda Triangle?—Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Vadlamani Tejaswi , Yagnick Nishant S. , Kagita Rakesh , Sinha Sumit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpinal arachnoiditis can occur as a delayed sequel of meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid flow disturbances and adhesive loculations can cause cord compression and traction on roots causing the symptoms. The surgical treatment of this condition is often considered a limited option, because of the high chances of recurrence of symptoms and adhesions, often considered as surgical failure. Here, we report a patient with extensive lumbar–sacral adhesive arachnoiditis successfully treated with limited adhesiolysis under neuromonitoring and cystoperitoneal shunt placement.
Microdiscectomy for Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Prolapse: Is Fixation Required?
Authors: Patankar Amey P. , Chaudhary Shivani , Patel Kashyap 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction Microdiscectomy, as of now, is considered the gold standard for the treatment of herniated lumbar disc. It preserves motion at the spinal segment and does not alter the local spinal anatomy significantly, resulting in a “functional and mobile” spine. Development of increasingly better-quality implants has seen their indiscriminate use in cases without any demonstrable instability. We see an increasing number of patients of lumbar disc prolapse being treated by fixation and fusion procedures, without any clear indication or evidence supporting such practice. This adds to the operating time, blood loss, cost of surgery and leads to loss of motion at the spinal segment resulting in a “stiff and immobile spine.” Our 10-year experience of treating lumbar disc herniation by micro-discectomy makes a strong case for preserving the spinal motion segment wherever possible and to use fixation very judiciously only in cases of proven instability.
Materials and Methods A total of 295 cases of lumbar disc prolapse operated by the first author from January 2013 to April 2022 were analyzed. All the patients had unilateral or bilateral radicular pain. Preoperatively instability was ruled out by dynamic X-rays. All the patients were operated in prone position on Wilson's frame. Microdiscectomy was done through the inter-laminar space. Patient outcomes and complications were analyzed.
Results There was no mortality in our series. All the patients had significant relief of lower limb pain with improved visual analog scale scores postoperatively. The patients were followed up for 6 months. There were complications in 17 patients, all of which were treated successfully with a good outcome. None of the complications were attributable to failure of doing fixation.
Conclusion Lumbar disc prolapse can be treated effectively by microdiscectomy. Fixation should be reserved for only those cases with demonstrable preoperative instability.
Lung Ultrasound: A Complementary Imaging Tool for Chest X-Ray in the Evaluation of Dyspnea
Authors: Murali Aparna , Prakash Anjali , Dixit Rashmi , Juneja Monica , Kumar Naresh , Padaliya Prerna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the spectrum of imaging findings seen on chest ultrasonography in patients presenting with dyspnea and verify the concordance between chest X-ray and chest ultrasound.Methods Fifty-three patients presenting with dyspnea were included in this study. Patients with known/suspected cardiac disease were excluded from the study. All patients underwent chest X-ray and chest ultrasound, reported by two different investigators. The concordance was analyzed using Cohen's kappa value with a ‘p-value’ less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.Results Among the fifty-three patients with dyspnea, five diagnostic pathologies were evaluated. Concordance between lung ultrasound and chest X-ray for diagnosis of pneumonia, pneumothorax, acute exacerbation of COPD/severe asthma, and diffuse alveolar interstitial syndrome was found to be high with Cohen's kappa value > 0.8 (p < 0.01). Ultrasound was able to correctly diagnose more cases of pneumothorax and pulmonary edema compared with chest X-ray with sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100%. Chest X-ray was found to be superior in correctly diagnosing COPD. The difference was, however, not statistically significant. Similarly, no statistically significant difference could be inferred between the diagnostic value of ultrasound and Chest X-ray in the diagnosis of pneumonia or pleural effusion.Conclusions A high concordance was noted between ultrasound and chest X-ray for diagnosis of all pathologies studied (p < 0.01), the highest noted in pneumonia/pleural effusion and diffuse interstitial syndrome (κ = 0.9). Hence, ultrasound may be considered a complimentary imaging modality for Chest-X-ray in the evaluation of dyspnea.
A Brief Focus on Joubert Syndrome and Related Acute Complications
Authors: Manti Sara , Gitto Eloisa , Ceravolo Ida , Mancuso Alessio , Ceravolo Antonio , Salpietro Annamaria , Farello Giovanni , Chimenz Roberto , Iapadre Giulia , Battaglia Francesco , Cuppari Caterina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) and related disorders are a group of congenital anomalies syndromes in which the obligatory hallmark is the molar tooth sign, a complex midbrain–hindbrain malformation. Moreover, JS may be associated with multiorgan involvement, mainly nephronophthisis, hepatic fibrosis, retinal dystrophy, and other abnormalities with both inter- and intra-familial variability. Therefore, these patients should be followed by both diagnostic protocol and multidisciplinary approach to assess multiorgan involvement. Here, we briefly summarize the possible complications in patients with JS.
Tandem Saphenous Vein Graft Aneurysms with Right Atrial Fistula: Evaluation of a “Rarest of a Rare Complication” Using CT Coronary Angiography
Authors: Mondy Vimal Chacko , Valakkada Jineesh , Ayappan Anoop , Sasidharan Bijulal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSaphenous vein graft (SVG) aneurysm after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a rare complication. A fistula between an SVG aneurysm and a cardiac chamber is even rarer. Herein, we report a middle-aged man who underwent CABG with five grafts 13 years prior presenting with multiple aneurysms in the venous graft with a fistula between the aneurysm and the right atrium. The computed tomographic angiogram findings and the subsequent treatment of the patient are addressed in the report.
Renal Coloboma Syndrome—An Autosomal Dominant Genetic Disorder
Authors: Jayanthan S. Shanmuga , Ganesh Rajagopal , Karunakaran Narayanan , Mukuntharajan T. , Manodoss A. Nancy , Dedhia Karan , Nadanasadharam K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRenal coloboma syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that primarily affects kidney and eye development. It is also known as papillorenal syndrome. People with this condition typically have kidneys that are small and underdeveloped (hypodysplastic), which can lead to end-stage renal disease. It has been estimated that approximately 10% of children with hypoplastic kidneys may have renal coloboma syndrome. The eye anomalies consist of a wide and dysplastic optic disk with the emergence of the retinal vessels from the periphery of the disk, frequently called optic nerve coloboma.
Epidemiology and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Propensity of Viral Respiratory Infections in Pediatric Intensive Care Units Prior to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Evren Gültaç , Besci Tolga , Appak Özgür , Sayıner Ayça Arzu , Arslan Gazi , Duman Murat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) propensity of common respiratory viruses in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) among hospitalized children who were tested for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods Respiratory tract samples were collected from patients who were followed up in the Dokuz Eylul University Hospital pediatric intensive care unit between March 2015 and March 2020 and tested for viral pathogens. The results of 269 patients between 1 month and 18 years of age were evaluated retrospectively.
Results In the 5 years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, 269 patients with a lower respiratory infection were admitted to the PICU. A positive viral PCR result was detected in 160 patients (59.5%). Human rhinovirus was the most common virus (40%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (26.3%), human bocavirus (10%), and seasonal coronaviruses (10%). Five (33.3%) of the fifteen children who developed ARDS were infected with influenza A/B, while four (26.7%) were infected with human metapneumovirus (hMPV).
Conclusion Although rhinovirus was the most common viral agent in critically ill children, the incidence of ARDS was higher in children aged over 1 year who had influenza or hMPV infection.
The power of coalitions: lobbying success in US sanctions policy toward Iran from 2007 to 2016
Authors: Koch Mirijam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the role of interest groups in US sanctions policy toward Iran from 2007 to 2016. The aim of this work is to explain what changed in regard to the role of interest groups in the most significant shift in US-Iranian relations under President Barack Obama before and after the vote on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which was intended to halt Iran’s non-peaceful nuclear program in return for an easing of sanctions by the US Congress. This study contributes to our knowledge about how structural variables, issue salience, and actor strategies work together to produce outcomes. In addition, it provides a better understanding of interest group influence by identifying conditions under which interest groups can be successful in changing the policy status quo. This research proposes that the once firm stands of the Democrat legislators on supporting Iran sanctions changed due to support of President Obama’s strategy of engagement by Pro-Diplomacy groups and the international community, which he used as legislative subsidy. In addition, favorable policy windows opened up opportunities that pushed for diplomacy instead of confrontation.
Magnetic loss in grain-oriented Fe–Si sheets under different harmonic excitation and high indication
Authors: Zhao Hanyu , Liu Weihao , Zhao Xianlu , Wu Yujie 
Published: January 2023

This paper presents an improved loss calculation method that takes into account the effects of harmonics and skinning effects, thus extending the loss prediction of soft magnetic materials to a larger frequency and induction range. First, the first-order and second-order slew curves are concurrently fitted into a nonlinear Preisach model to determine the hysteresis loss. Then, integrating the effects of high frequency harmonics and high induction, the fixed-point technique based on the H–B magnetic intrinsic relationship is introduced into the finite element calculation in order to calculate the flux density distribution of the silicon steel sheet more accurately. Then, the classical loss at high flux density is further calculated more accurately. Finally, losses for soft magnetic materials in the 1 kHz range are computed under various harmonic excitations. This method is compared to the traditional method and the experimental results, and this method is closer to the experimental results.
Masked unbiased principles for parameter selection in variational image restoration under Poisson noise
Authors: Bevilacqua Francesca , Lanza Alessandro , Pragliola Monica , Sgallari Fiorella 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper we address the problem of automatically selecting the regularization parameter in variational models for the restoration of images corrupted by Poisson noise. More specifically, we first review relevant existing unmasked selection criteria which fully exploit the acquired data by considering all pixels in the selection procedure. Then, based on an idea originally proposed by Carlavan and Blanc-Feraud to effectively deal with dark backgrounds and/or low photon-counting regimes, we introduce and discuss the masked versions—some of them already existing—of the considered unmasked selection principles formulated by simply discarding the pixels measuring zero photons. However, we prove that such a blind masking strategy yields a bias in the resulting principles that can be overcome by introducing a novel positive Poisson distribution correctly modeling the statistical properties of the undiscarded noisy data. Such distribution is at the core of newly proposed masked unbiased counterparts of the discussed strategies. All the unmasked, masked biased and masked unbiased principles are extensively compared on the restoration of different images in a wide range of photon-counting regimes. Our tests allow to conclude that the novel masked unbiased selection strategies, on average, compare favorably with unmasked and masked biased counterparts.
Falling magnets through coils in series: design and activities
Authors: Barnard A O , Reeder S , Kelly T J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The aim of this article is to demonstrate an experimental apparatus that can be used to showcase ideas relating to electromagnetic induction (EMI). The apparatus is low-cost (‘home-made’) and consists of six N-turn coils wound and then joined electrically in series. The emf induced from a magnet falling through the center of the coils is then measured. From the data obtained, an accurate measurement of g can be found. However, the full data can also be analyzed to showcase some of the more subtle aspects of EMI that have been shown in the Physics Education literature to be sources of difficulty for students.
Discussing the rotation movement of an electric whirl through mechanical modelling and video analysis
Authors: Dutra R S , Ataliba J , Pimenta A R , Freitas R P , Felix V S , Gonçalves E A S , Ferreira D S R , Pereira L O 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper performs a semi-quantitative and low-cost experiment, combining video analysis technique and mechanical modelling, to discuss the rotation movement of an electric whirl on the top of a well-known and popular electrostatic generator. To this end, we perform video analysis of the circular trajectory described by a given sharp point of the electric whirl arm. We propose a simple model to describe the inertia moment of the electric whirl in terms of simple geometries, like: cylinders, truncated cone, and one-dimensional linear arms. The analytical results for the inertia moment are validated using SolidWorks simulations and the electronic microscopy experimental technique. When considering a simple electrostatic model for the electric field around sharp points of the electric whirl arms, kinematic and dynamic analyses are used to estimate an upper bound for the magnitude of the electric charge pulled from the air, which results in the electric wind phenomenon.
Policy collision: a framework to identify where polycentric, multi-objective sustainability solutions are needed
Authors: Johnson David R , Polasky Stephen , Ricker-Gilbert Jacob 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The exploitation of ecosystem services, through processes like agricultural production, is associated with myriad negative environmental impacts, which are felt by stakeholders on local, regional, and global scales. The varying type and scale of impacts leads naturally to fragmented and siloed approaches to mitigating externalities by diverse governmental and non-governmental institutions. However, policies designed to address a single impact may worsen other negative impacts. As a result, even when groups have the expertise to design policy solutions in one dimension, policies addressing single issues may conflict and result in less than ideal outcomes in combination. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework and examples of this kind of ‘policy collision,’ where policies produce mutual negative interference so that policies designed independently may fail to achieve their goals. We argue that an integrated systems perspective is needed to overcome this problem and present several positive examples where this has been put into practice. Policy collision provides a useful framework for determining how each colliding policy should be modified in improve outcomes.
Analyzing multi-greenhouse gas mitigation of China using a general equilibrium model
Authors: Cao Jing , Ho Mun , Liu Qingfeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Climate actions have focused on CO2 mitigation and only some studies of China consider non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs), which account for nearly 18% of gross GHG emissions. The economy-wide impact of mitigation covering CO2 and non-CO2 GHGs in China, has not been comprehensively studied and we develop a multi-sector dynamic model to compare the impact of CO2-only mitigation with a multi-GHG mitigation policy that also price non-CO2 GHGs. We find that the multi-GHG approach significantly reduces the marginal abatement cost and economic loss to reach the same level of GHG emissions (measures as 100 year global warming potential) compared to a CO2-only scenario. By 2060, multi-gas mitigation can reduce the tax rate by 15.44% and improve real gross domestic product (GDP) by 0.41%. The aggregate gain brought by multi-GHG mitigation are robust to various pathways and but vary across periods and sectors.