bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion product diagnostics based on commercially available chemical vapor deposition diamond detector in large helical device
Authors: Ogawa K. , Isobe M. , Weiss C. , Griesmayer E. , Sangaroon S. , Takada E. , Masuzaki S. , Ohtani H. , Liao L.Y. , Tamaki S. , Murata I. , Osakabe M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Fusion product diagnostics based on four commercially
available single-crystal chemical vapor deposition (s-CVD) diamond
detectors are installed in the Large Helical Device (LHD) in order
to understand energetic ion confinement. Characteristics of s-CVD
diamonds were surveyed using alpha and D-T neutron sources. It is
found that the energy resolutions of s-CVD diamonds for ∼ 5 MeV
alpha particles and 14 MeV neutrons are 1%–3% and ∼ 1.7%,
respectively. Moreover, the response of four s-CVD diamond detectors
to alpha particles and D-T neutrons is almost identical. The
installation positions of the diamond detectors in the vacuum vessel
are searched for, based on the loss points of charged fusion
products reckoned by Lorentz orbit calculations. Energy- and
time-resolved measurement of fusion product flux will progress in
further understanding of energetic ion confinement in LHD.
Human influence on historical heaviest precipitation events in the Yangtze River Valley
Authors: Wang Ziyue , Sun Ying , Zhang Xuebin , Li Tim , Li Chao , Min Seung-Ki , Hu Ting 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the recurrence of high-impact extreme events and the growing public demands to understand the causes of the events, event attribution has emerged as a frontier of climate change research. Typically, an event attribution study focuses on one individual extreme event that has just occurred. Studies rarely examine human influence on multiple extreme events in different times of the past. Here we conduct a comprehensive attribution analysis on the four heaviest precipitation events in the Yangtze River Valley during the past 100 years. We start by defining extreme precipitation events as the heaviest precipitation over a fixed size area that is of direct relevance to flood preparedness and management. When examining the events over the historical time, we allow the precise location of the area to change in different years. By definition, four extremely strong events are identified, and they happened in the summer of 1931, 1954, 1998 and 2020. We find that the impacts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) on these events show clear difference in different time period. The impacts were negligible in the early period and became more and more discernible since the late 20th century. The GHGs have gradually increased the occurrence probability of extreme precipitaiton while the AAs have decreased the occurrence of extrem precipitation. These competing effects from the GHGs and AAs have led to a slight and then gradually increasing human influence on extreme precipitation over time. GHGs have exerted a larger influence on short-duration precipitation events while AAs have had a larger influence on monthly mean precipitation. The more extreme the precipitation event, the clearer the anthropogenic influence.
A short review on Substantial role of Geopolymer in the sustainable construction industry
Authors: Devarajan Parthiban , Sivalinga vijayan Dhanasingh , Sanjay Kumar R , Arun Frait King J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Civil engineering has made significant strides in the discovery and application of novel materials during the past several decades. This list of notable substances contains a novel substance referred to as “Geopolymer,” which has been defined as a new bonding material derived from inorganic chemistry via polymerization of alumina-based silicate oxides with sodium, calcium, or potassium-based hydroxide compounds. The mixture of these chemical compounds, when applied, initiates an alkaline activation reaction that leads to the development of a nebulous structure. Unlike most organic or inorganic polymers, geopolymer is exemplified at temperatures below 1000°C. Because geopolymer is more eco-friendly than currently available construction adhesives, its use in building activities is on the rise. This review includes an examination of the history of geopolymer, the essential silicate material required to prepare geopolymer, the presence and reactions of the chemical compounds used to create alkaline activator solutions at different molar ratios, the curing conditions, the engineering characteristics of geopolymer activated specimens, and their resistance to chemicals. This review concludes that geopolymer technology is the best material for several applications in civil engineering in the twenty-first century.
Comparative study of Conventional and other Filter Medium
Authors: Krishnamurthy N R , Nagasai T , Anil Kumar M , Siva Kumar P , Ravi Kumar N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this new era of urbanisation and industrialisation involving new constructions and other conveniences resulting in depletion of huge natural resources. In order to resolve this recurring issue, people have begun their research to find some vital alternative materials to save these natural resources from depletion. A natural resource such as river sand is used extensively in the filtration process of water treatment, which is essential for living. Hence there will be an urgent need to improve the performance of such treatment plants by carrying out appropriate modifications and improvements using other materials such as M- sand, glass etc. Utilization of M-sand not only eco-friendly but also resolves the issues related to, shortage of convention material. In this paper, an attempt was made in regards to M-Sand and Crushed glass, which includes the study of their medium characteristics. In addition to them, Turbidity, Flow rate, Hardness, Sieve tests were conducted and their results are compared with conventional river sand medium.
Influence of loading type and rectangular opening on the behaviour of GFRP stiffened panels
Authors: Anitha Priya Dharshani S. , Meher Prasad A. , Sundaravadivelu R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Stiffened panels are basic parts of ship hulls and decks. Effect of buoyancy and cargo loading on the stiffened panels leads to application of axial loading and pressure loading in out-of-plane direction. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) stiffened panels with high corrosion resistance, high strength, high stiffness and light weight is the best alternative for conventional steel stiffened panels. Because conventional steel stiffened panels experience sever corrosion when used for marine structures. For maintenance purpose, rectangular openings are provided in ship decks. The presence of opening leads to reduction in strength, reduction in stiffness, and critical failure patterns for stiffened panels subjected to axial and pressure loading. In this study, behaviour of Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) stiffened panels with rectangular opening subjected to axial and pressure loading are studied experimentally by conducting tests. GFRP stiffened panels are fabricated in such a way that the plate and stiffeners are monolithic in construction. The effect of type of loading and the rectangular opening on the strength, stiffness and span/deflection ratio of GFRP stiffened panels are discussed. Failure pattern and maximum failure strain of GFRP stiffened panels subjected to axial and pressure loading are presented.
Performance Assessment and Engineering behaviour of Cement Concrete with partially Replaced Foundry Sand as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Sanjay Kumar R , Devarajan Parthiban , vijayan Dhanasingh sivalinga , Kumar Aravind S , Kadavan Akhil S , Rajesh Rohan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Metal foundries make heavy use of metal casting. The residual sand, also known as foundry sand, is removed from the foundry after numerous cycles of recycling and reuse have been completed successfully. This article describes the environmentally safe and technically sound uses of foundry sand in civil engineering. Using foundry sand in several engineering applications can solve the problem of foundry sand disposal and other problems. Silica sand is the primary component of foundry sand, which is subsequently coated with a thin layer of carbon, dust, and any leftover binder. Foundry sand can increase the strength and durability of concrete. Foundry sand can be used as a supplement, a partial replacement for fine aggregate, a complete replacement for fine aggregate, or as a replacement for cement in order to achieve a variety of concrete properties. In the present study, the impact of replacing fine aggregate with foundry sand on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and elastic modulus of concrete with mix proportions of 1:1.45:2.2:1.103 was analysed. Three proportions of foundry sand were substituted for fine aggregates. The replacement percentages for fine aggregate were 10, 20, and 30 percent by weight. During varied curing times, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and elastic modulus tests were conducted on all replacement sand levels (14-days & 28-days) Test findings revealed a modest improvement in compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity when fine aggregates were replaced with a certain amount of foundry sand. This indicates that foundry sand can be safely utilised in concrete for durability and strength purposes.
Lightweight Heat Resistant Concrete Panels Using Recycled Materials
Authors: Durgadevi S , Udhayakumar K , Praveen M , Krishnakumar R , Natarajan N , Jayaraman A , Vasudevan M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The demand for sustainable building materials is increasing day-by-day pertaining to the challenges in meeting the cost, reliability and climate adaptability. In addition to the structural requirements, improvements in the building technology are also trending towards eco-friendly, comfortable and economic housing solutions. The present study deals with the usage of two industrial waste materials (bagasse ash and granite powder) to prepare lightweight and heat resistant concrete panels (M25 grade). The replacement of aggregates was accomplished sequentially by varying the mix proportioning (10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) using granite powder and bagasse ash balls (~10mm dia.). In addition to the weight reduction, coconut fibres and paraffin were also applied in intermittent layers to enhance thermal insulation properties. The temperature profiles were monitored using thermocouple sensors fitted onto the panel surfaces. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the casted panels were studied after 28 days of curing. A comparative study was made for solid and hollow light panels in terms of strength and weight. The results indicated that significant temperature reduction is achieved between the surfaces by using the phase changing materials (3%) while the compressive strength of the hollow lightweight panel is satisfactory (23.48 N/mm2). Hence, the prepared concrete panels can be suitably employed in building construction where thermal comfort and reduced weight are in demand.
Use of marble and granite dust waste as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete
Authors: Mhamal Aditi A , Savoikar Dr. P. P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The growth in Infrastructural development resulted in fast decline of available natural resources. In contrast the marble and granite production has generated a very huge amount of by-products in the form of fine particles which causes large scale environmental pollution. This has led to a major concern in the environmental as well as construction industry due to the disposal of these million tons of fine particles. The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the compatibility of marble and granite dust by-product for replacing of fine aggregates in concrete partly. In this work, a mixture of marble and granite dust in ratio 0.5:0.5 is used as a for replacing of sand in different percentages (10%,20%,30%,40%,50%) by weight and cement is partially replaced with slag (GGBS) by a by 40%. Influence of replacement of sand with marble and granite dust on the strength behaviour on concrete was studied at curing ages 7 and 28 days and the results are compared with conventional concrete blocks. A 20% replacement of fine aggregates with marble and granite dust mixture resulted in 23.34% and 14.4% increase in compressive strength was at 7 and 28 days of curing, as compared to controlled concrete. The results of the experimental study show that, mixture of marble and granite dust can partially be used in place of fine aggregate in concrete and saves considerable amount of sand there by preserving the valuable natural resource resulting in sustainable replacement for sand.
A study on Real time strength assessment of concrete by maturity method
Authors: Mahendra Reddy N , kasagani Hanuma , Harshith chowdary U 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Nurse-Saul technique is employed to ascertain a member’s strength. Because the concrete members’ strength is being estimated in real-time concrete members. Using the Nurse-Saul maturity method, the member is precisely strengthened at a specific temperature, and after achieving its initial strength, the formwork is removed. The benefits of using the maturity process are covered, along with alternative methods for calibrating indicator of maturity. the capability of a structure, which can be determined in a number of destructive (or) non-destructive ways, is a crucial component for a suitable operational condition in terms of conditional assessment. The maturity approach is one such non-destructive technique that delivers excellent outcomes. Usually, after a mixture has fully cured, test cylinders are cast to measure its strength. The results are then analyzed in a lab (3, 7, 28 days). This technique takes more time to ascertain the strength of a certain mixture. Using the maturity approach, we calculated the member’s temperature and used that information to resolve the problem. Because this maturity process has already been employed by other researchers for standard concrete mix designs, this work will concentrate on unusual concretes. Due to the rarity of experiments on unique concrete, this process was tested using concrete blocks. As a result, this maturity approach is is a method for evaluating the strength of any concrete elements by measuring the temperature of the structure.
A study on the Water Proofing Behaviour of Fly Ash, M-sand and Dust based concrete with varying percentages of different Crystalline Admixtures
Authors: Kumar Kakaraparthi Phani , Rao Mandava Kanta 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For many years, concrete has been the most commonly used building material. When we focus on sustainable materials, long-term serviceability becomes an issue. There are methods for lowering risks and increasing service life. Crystalline admixtures, also known as permeability-dropping, are marketable products used in little concentrations in cement incorporated materials to enhance concrete durability and promote autogenous crack healing. This paper presents various investigations into the mechanical and long-term durability characteristics of concrete made with Fly ash, M-sand, Dust. In this study, fly ash is used as a 30% substitute for cement, M-sand and Dust is used as a 100% substitute for river sand and two types of crystalline admixtures with different proportions of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% were added to the mix. Cubes and Cylinders were casted by mixing M-Crete and Master Pel 760 crystalline admixtures for two grades, M25 & M35 and left for curing period of 28 days. Test methods include compressive strength, split-tensile strength, RCPT, % of water absorption and % of Voids. The test results showed that both crystalline admixtures with Fly ash at 0.5% produced better results and significant rise in compressive strength and tensile strength. Similarly, a decrease in percentages of RCPT, water absorption, voids was observed in both M25 and M35 grades. Finally, Master Pel 760 has shown better performance than M-Crete crystalline admixture. So, the above two crystalline admixtures have the potential to increase the durability and decrease the permeability of concrete.
Flexural Performance of Sustainable Fly Ash Based Concrete Beams
Authors: Saketh Raj B , Kanta Rao M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The demand for concrete is high due to its solid strength and flexibility. To produce more concrete requirement of cement is very large. The production of concrete releases CO2 into the atmosphere. This can lead to global warming. By including other substances that have a cementations tendency, cement consumption can be decreased. To lower the cement consumption in concrete, a variety of pozzolanic ingredients are being used. It is being investigated whether fly ash can replace cement. Flexural tests were performed on reinforced concrete beams with fly ash contents ranging from 0% to 60% and binder contents of 400 and 450 kg/m3 with a water binder ratio of 0.4. The beam size is 100X200mm with a length of 1.2 m. It was observed that all the beams failed under compression in both mixes. In both, the mixer’s depth of crack is reduced when compared with the fly ash incorporated beams with no-fly ash concrete beams. The quick spread of the fracture is slowed down by the addition of fly ash to concrete. The filler effect, which aids in pore refinement and prevents the creation of cracks as well as the enlargement of propagated cracks, is initiated in the concrete as the fly ash content rises. According to the experimental findings, the load capacity of RC beams containing 30% fly ash is the greatest of all the beams. The outcomes for exhibit the same behaviour. Compression resistance. Finally, it was shown that, versus ordinary concrete RC beams, the inclusion of fly ash boosted the beam’s capacity to carry loads by up to 40% fly ash replacement. Whenever the fly ash content is increased by up to 40% replacement, the RC beam’s final deflection increases.
Experimental Investigation on Carbonation of Concrete Using SEM –EDX(Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) & Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope(ESEM) Analysis
Authors: Akhila Jupaka , Rao Nimmagadda Venkat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The alkalinity of the concrete protects the reinforcing bars against corrosion, but the carbonation phenomenon accelerates the loss of their motionless coating, favouring corrosion start. Concrete that has been carbonated has a lower pH values which can lead to reinforcement corrosion. Reinforcement corrosion is the most common cause of reinforced concrete degradation Variables such as dimensional carbon dioxide in gress, duration of carbon dioxide ingress, grade of concrete, and CO2 volumetric concentration are all considered in this research. The specimens wereplaced in a chamber with a carbon dioxide gas supply after 28 days of water curing. The specimens were exposed to carbon dioxide for 145 hours and 290 hours, respectively, in a carbon dioxide chamber. The specimens were then cut at 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm intervals from the concrete surface. The powder from crushed concrete specimens was pulverised and sieved through a 90m sieve, with the powder collected as sample powder. In the present study an experimental investigation was conducted on concrete for determining the flexural strength and SEM- EDX & ESEM analysis. The specimens were tested after 28 days of curing as per determined time. The compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete is determined for the 7days,14 days and 28days curing.
Seismic Analysis of Soft Storey Building in Earthquake Zones
Authors: Suresh Kannan S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper (G+8) building is modeled like a bare frame, a bare frame with the shear wall, and a bare frame with X bracing by changing the soft storey to different floors. The static analysis effect is determined for all three models with zone IV and zone V using Staad pro-V8i software. The main objective of the research was to assess the impact of a soft storey in various earthquake zones and by varying places of the soft storey from first to the top floor and for frames with different column shapes by seismic analyses in staad pro. The results of variable building models are obtained from the research regarding various parameters such as displacement, storey drift, and base shear. More significantly, comparing different structural systems revealed a reduction in lateral displacement and story drift. The shear wall reduced the Storey Displacement by 98.838% and storey drift by 99.86%. The Steel bracing reduced the Storey Displacement by 97.846 % and storey drift by 92.6%. Finally, it has been found that the Shear wall reduces lateral displacement and storey drift, thus significantly contributing to greater structural stiffness. The analysis results recommended that the shear wall use reinforced concrete frames for the seismic hazard zones and the Steel bracing recommended for the low seismic zones.
Mechanical And Durability Behaviour Of GGBS, M-sand Based Concrete With Varying Percentages Of Two Crystalline Admixtures – An Experimental Study
Authors: Sameera Vajrala Kavya , Keshav Lakshmi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents various investigations into the mechanical and long-term longevity parameters of concrete made with ground granulated blast slag (GGBS). In this experimental study, GGBS is used as a 30% substitute for cement, and two types of crystalline admixtures (CA’s) with different proportions of 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% were added to the mix. Cubes and Cylinders were casted by mixing Mcrete and Master Pel 760 crystalline admixtures for two grades, M25 & M35 and left for curing period of 28 days. Test methods includecompressive strength, split tensile strength, Rapid Chloride Permeability test (RCPT), Sorptivity, Percentage of water absorption, Percentage of Voids and carbonation. The test results showed that both CA’s with GGBS at 0.75% produced better results and also significantly increased compressive strength by 12.08% for M25 grade and 16.04% for M35 grade, and tensile strength by 19% for M25 grade and 30.59% for M35 grade. Similarly, a decrease in percentages of 14.7 & 16.9 in RCPT, 8.52 & 11.19 in water absorption, and 11.34 & 10.01 in voids was observed in both M25 and M35 grades. Finally, Master Pel 760 has shown better performance than Mcrete Crystalline admixture. So, the above two CA’s has the potential to increase the durability and decrease the permeability of concrete buildings, particularly those exposed to corrosive conditions.