bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental heat stress offsets adaptation associated with carbohydrate periodization in trained male triathletes
Authors: Bennett Samuel , Tiollier Eve , Guibert Elodie , Morales‐Artacho Antonio , Lalire Paul , Owens Daniel J. , Morton James P. , Brocherie Franck , Louis Julien 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeCarbohydrate (CHO) intake periodization via the sleep low train low (SL‐TL) diet–exercise model increases fat oxidation during exercise and may enhance endurance‐training adaptation and performance. Conversely, training under environmental heat stress increases CHO oxidation, but the potential of combined SL‐TL and heat stress to enhance metabolic and performance outcomes is unknown.MethodsTwenty‐three endurance‐trained males were randomly assigned to either control (n = 7, CON), SL‐TL (n = 8, SLTemp) or SL‐TL + heat stress (n = 8, SLHeat) groups and prescribed identical 2‐week cycling training interventions. CON and SLTemp completed all sessions at 20°C, but SLHeat at 35°C. All groups consumed matched CHO intake (6 g·kg−1·day−1) but timed differently to promote low CHO availability overnight and during morning exercise in both SL groups. Submaximal substrate utilization was assessed (at 20°C), and 30‐min performance tests (at 20 and 35°C) were performed Pre‐, Post‐, and 1‐week post‐intervention (Post+1).ResultsSLTemp improved fat oxidation rates at 60% MAP (~66% VO2peak) at Post+1 compared with CON (p < 0.01). Compared with SLTemp, fat oxidation rates were significantly lower in SLHeat at Post (p = 0.02) and Post+1 (p < 0.05). Compared with CON, performance was improved at Post in SLTemp in temperate conditions. Performance was not different between any groups or time points in hot conditions.ConclusionSL‐TL enhanced metabolic adaptation and performance compared with CON and combined SL‐TL and heat stress. Additional environmental heat stress may impair positive adaptations associated with SL‐TL.
Cell cycle‐dependent kinase inhibitor GhKRP6, a direct target of GhBES1.4, participates in BR regulation of cell expansion in cotton
Authors: Gu Yu , Zhang Jie , Liu Le , Qanmber Ghulam , Liu Zhao , Xing Kun , Lu Lili , Liu Li , Ma Shuya , Li Fuguang , Yang Zuoren 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYThe steroidal hormone brassinosteroid (BR) has been shown to positively regulate cell expansion in plants. However, the specific mechanism by which BR controls this process has not been fully understood. In this study, RNA‐seq and DAP‐seq analysis of GhBES1.4 (a core transcription factor in BR signaling) were used to identify a cotton cell cycle‐dependent kinase inhibitor called GhKRP6. The study found that GhKRP6 was significantly induced by the BR hormone and that GhBES1.4 directly promoted the expression of GhKRP6 by binding to the CACGTG motif in its promoter region. GhKRP6‐silenced cotton plants had smaller leaves with more cells and reduced cell size. Furthermore, endoreduplication was inhibited, which affected cell expansion and ultimately decreased fiber length and seed size in GhKRP6‐silenced plants compared with the control. The KEGG enrichment results of control and VIGS‐GhKRP6 plants revealed differential expression of genes related to cell wall biosynthesis, MAPK, and plant hormone transduction pathways – all of which are related to cell expansion. Additionally, some cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) genes were upregulated in the plants with silenced GhKRP6. Our study also found that GhKRP6 could interact directly with a cell cycle‐dependent kinase called GhCDKG. Taken together, these results suggest that BR signaling influences cell expansion by directly modulating the expression of cell cycle‐dependent kinase inhibitor GhKRP6 via GhBES1.4.
Articulating relational rurality amidst urbanization: Agency, spatial paradox and the de/reterritorialization of lineage landscapes in contemporary rural China
Authors: Chen Ningning , Pow Choon Piew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of how the rural responds to and speaks back to the urban in the context of increasingly blurred rural‐urban landscapes. The prevailing theorizations remain entrenched in an intellectual impasse that still treats the rural as a residual space or a reactive actor besieged by external urban forces. Using lineage spaces as an empirical lens, this paper delves into rural geographies of lineage landscapes in post‐reform China by articulating rural agencies in more active, non‐lineal ways. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in rural Wenzhou, southeast China, this paper argues that the articulation of rural voices amidst China's urban modernity unveils a spatial paradox of landscape de/reterritorialization at the dimensions of discourse, practice and (trans)locality. We first reveal how official rural discourses de‐territorialize and lessen lineage groups' control over their symbolic buildings while simultaneously opening up opportunities for them to mobilize officially‐sanctioned discourses to expand lineage spaces and reterritorialize their power. Second, we show how villagers embrace the de‐territorializing practice of landscape commodification, which becomes a crucial source of finance for them to perform ritual activities at specific festivals, thereby re‐asserting rural collectivism, sociality and sacredness. Third, we unpack the trans‐local dimension of rural de/reterritorialization by exploring how villagers forge lineage‐based rural networking that transcends space‐time, which paradoxically reinforces the spatial claim for territorializing rural power that is demarcated from urban/modern orientations. We further argue that these multiple spatial processes of rural de/reterritorialization challenge a reactive or neatly‐divided account of rural agency during its engagement with urbanizing relations and processes. In all, this paper offers a more complex, paradoxical account of relational rurality in a rapidly urbanizing China, and foregrounds an agenda towards more ‘inclusive’ rural studies.
Cytokinins as an alternative suicidal Striga germination compound
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Wang Jian You , Berqdar Lamis , Alagoz Yagiz , Behisi Ahmed , Al‐Babili Salim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe witchweed Striga hermonthica, an obligate and noxious root–parasitic plant, remains a persistent threat to cereal production and poses a great challenge to smallholder farmers in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Inducing suicidal germination of Striga seeds by applying strigolactone analogs is a promising strategy to deplete the Striga seed bank of infested soils. Nevertheless, there is a need to increase the efficiency and improve the applicability of this strategy, which may be achieved by testing further Striga germination stimulants. Herein, we explored the potential of cytokinins in inducing Striga seed germination. We investigated their activity as a suicidal germination agent along with fluridone that inhibits carotenoid biosynthesis and hence reduces abscisic acid formation and facilitates breaking of seed dormancy. Under lab conditions, application of fluridone (at 100 μM) or cytokinins (at 100 μM) showed 19% and 63% Striga germination, respectively, while combining different cytokinins with fluridone led to above 93% germination of treated seeds, with thidiazuron as the most active cytokinin. Using rice (cv IAC‐165), we also show that co‐application of fluoridone and thidiazuron to Striga infested pots before planting the host led to up to 86%–100% reduction in Striga emergence. In summary, cytokinins, particularly thidiazuron, could be useful suicidal agents to induce Striga seed germination and ultimately deplete the seedbank in Striga‐infested regions.
Time-Varying Tool-Chip Contact in the Cutting Mechanics of Shear Localization
Authors: Fazlali Mohammadreza , Jin Xiaoliang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Shear localization is the dominant chip formation mechanism in machining of high-performance metallic components, such as those made of titanium and nickel-based alloys. This paper presents an analytical thermo-mechanical model considering a new tool-chip contact mechanism due to shear localization. First, it is experimentally shown that the sticking and sliding contact lengths fluctuate with the frequency of shear localization. Second, a cutting mechanics model is developed considering the shear band formation, its rolling on the tool’s rake face, and the time-varying tool-chip contact length with experimental validation. Finally, the transient temperature at the tool-chip interface is predicted by taking the rolling phenomenon and the time-varying heat sources at the tool-chip interface into account. The proposed model shows that at the beginning of every segmentation cycle, the entire tool-chip contact length is dominated by sliding condition with negligible sticking length. When the tool advances, new workpiece material piles up in its front with an increase in the sticking length. Meanwhile, the sliding length decreases due to the drop in the load-bearing capacity of the shear band. When enough material piles up in front of the tool, a new shear band forms, and the entire contact length returns to the sliding condition. This process repeats every time a shear band occurs, causing the cyclic formation of shear bands and time-varying nature of the tool-chip contact length, therefore influencing the temperature and stress evolution at the tool-chip interface.
Experimental Study on Pressure Pulsation and Acceleration Response of Fluid Conveying Pipeline Under Multi-Excitation
Authors: Cao Yiming , Ma Hui , Guo Xumin , Ge Han , Li Hui , Lin Junzhe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The fluid conveying pipelines are often subjected to internal fluid fluctuation excitation in the hydraulic pump and external base excitation from the aircraft engine rotor. To investigate the acceleration response of the pipeline and pressure pulsation response of fluid, the vibration tests of the pipeline under base excitation, fluid fluctuation excitation, and multi-excitation are conducted. A set of test bench and test schemes of pipeline system under multi-excitation are designed. The test data are collected by a piezo-electric pressure sensor and a three-direction acceleration sensor. By analyzing the test data, the following results can be obtained: Under base excitation, the internal fluid still has a weak pressure pulsation response even without fluid fluctuation excitation. However, the pressure pulsation response remains unchanged with the increase of base excitation amplitude. Under fluid fluctuation excitation, the amplitudes of vibration responses at fluid fundamental frequency fp increase with the increase of pump pressure except at 9 MPa and 15 MPa. The natural frequency of the pipeline is close to 3fp when the pump pressure is 9 MPa and 15 MPa, respectively, and the pipeline system will have resonance. Under multi-excitation, the amplitudes of vibration responses are close to the superimposed amplitudes of two single source excitations at fb = 175 Hz and fp = 298 Hz. The vibration responses appear to beat vibration at fb = 298 Hz and fp = 297.6 Hz. The relevant test scheme and test data analysis adopted in this paper have important reference values for the in-depth study of pipeline vibration under multi-excitation and engineering practice.
Small molecules restore azole activity against drug-tolerant and drug-resistant
Candida
isolates
Authors: Alabi Philip E. , Gautier Cécile , Murphy Thomas P. , Gu Xilin , Lepas Mathieu , Aimanianda Vishukumar , Sello Jason K. , Ene Iuliana V. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Each year, fungi cause more than 1.5 billion infections worldwide and have a devastating impact on human health, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or patients in intensive care units. The limited antifungal arsenal and emerging multidrug-resistant species necessitate the development of new therapies. One strategy for combating drug-resistant pathogens is the administration of molecules that restore fungal susceptibility to approved drugs. Accordingly, we carried out a screen to identify small molecules that could restore the susceptibility of pathogenic
Candida
species to azole antifungals. This screening effort led to the discovery of novel 1,4-benzodiazepines that restore fluconazole susceptibility in resistant isolates of
Candida albicans
, as evidenced by 100–1,000-fold potentiation of fluconazole activity. This potentiation effect was also observed in azole-tolerant strains of
C. albicans
and in other pathogenic
Candida
species. The 1,4-benzodiazepines selectively potentiated different azoles, but not other approved antifungals. A remarkable feature of the potentiation was that the combination of the compounds with fluconazole was fungicidal, whereas fluconazole alone is fungistatic. Interestingly, the potentiators were not toxic to
C. albicans
in the absence of fluconazole, but inhibited virulence-associated filamentation of the fungus. We found that the combination of the potentiators and fluconazole significantly enhanced host survival in a
Galleria mellonella
model of systemic fungal infection. Taken together, these observations validate a strategy wherein small molecules can restore the activity of highly used anti-infectives that have lost potency.

IMPORTANCE

In the last decade, we have been witnessing a higher incidence of fungal infections, due to an expansion of the fungal species capable of causing disease (e.g.,
Candida auris
), as well as increased antifungal drug resistance. Among human fungal pathogens,
Candida
species are a leading cause of invasive infections and are associated with high mortality rates. Infections by these pathogens are commonly treated with azole antifungals, yet the expansion of drug-resistant isolates has reduced their clinical utility. In this work, we describe the discovery and characterization of small molecules that potentiate fluconazole and restore the susceptibility of azole-resistant and azole-tolerant
Candida
isolates. Interestingly, the potentiating 1,4-benzodiazepines were not toxic to fungal cells but inhibited their virulence-associated filamentous growth. Furthermore, combinations of the potentiators and fluconazole decreased fungal burdens and enhanced host survival in a
Galleria mellonella
model of systemic fungal infections. Accordingly, we propose the use of novel antifungal potentiators as a powerful strategy for addressing the growing resistance of fungi to clinically approved drugs.
Outcomes of neonatal critical congenital heart disease: results of a prospective registry-based study from South India
Authors: Sasikumar Deepa , Prabhu Mukund A , Kurup Renu , Francis Edwin , Kumar Sobha , Gangadharan Sindhu Thekkile , Mahadevan Krishnamoorthy Kavasseri , Sivasankaran Sivasubramanian , Kumar Raman Krishna 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesCongenital heart disease (CHD) is now a leading contributor of infant and neonatal mortality in many low/middle-income countries including India. We established a prospective neonatal heart disease registry in Kerala to understand presentation of CHD, proportion of newborns with critical defects who receive timely intervention, outcomes at 1 month, predictors of mortality and barriers to timely management.MethodsThe congenital heart disease registry for newborns (≤28 days) in Kerala (CHRONIK) was a prospective hospital-based registry involving 47 hospitals from 1 June 2018 to 31 May 2019. All CHDs, except small shunts with a high likelihood of spontaneous closure, were included. Data on demographics, complete diagnosis, details of antenatal and postnatal screening, mode of transport and distance travelled and need for surgical or percutaneous interventions and survival were collected.ResultsOf the 1474 neonates with CHD identified, 418 (27%) had critical CHD, 22% of whom died at 1 month. Median age at diagnosis of critical CHD was 1 (0–22) day. Pulse oximeter screening identified 72% of critical CHD and 14% were diagnosed prenatally. Only 8% of neonates with duct-dependent lesions were transported on prostaglandin. Preoperative mortality accounted for 86% all deaths. On multivariable analysis, only birth weight (OR 2.7; 95% CI 2.1 to 6.5; p<0.0005) and duct-dependent systemic circulation (OR 6.43; 95% CI 5 to 21.8, p<0.0005) were predictive of mortality.ConclusionsWhile systematic screening, especially pulse oximetry screening, enabled early identification and prompt management of a significant proportion of neonates with critical CHD, important health system challenges like low use of prostaglandin need to be overcome to minimise preoperative mortality.
Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin for treating motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Zhang Tong , Liu Lixu , Shan Lei , Hu Xueyan , Yang Lingyu , Gao Fei , Xiaoli Wu , Li Hanzhi 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin (BTX) for motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesSearches of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, from database inception to 20 October 2022.Eligibility criteriaStudies reported in English with adult PD patients treated with BTX.Data extraction and synthesisPrimary outcomes were United Parkinson’s Disease Rate Scale Section (UPDRS) III (or its items) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were UPDRS-II (or its items), Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Mean difference (MD) or standardised MD (SMD) before and after treatment with 95% CIs were used for continuous variables and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs was used for TRAEs.ResultsSix randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and six non-RCTs (case series) were included (ntotal=224 participants, nRCT=165). No significant difference was found in pooled results of UPDRS-III (available in four RCTs and two non-RCTs, SMD=−0.19, 95% CI −0.98 to 0.60), UPDRS-II (four RCTs and one non-RCT, SMD=−0.55, 95% CI −1.22 to 0.13), FOG-Q (one RCT and one non-RCT, SMD=0.53, 95% CI −1.93 to 2.98) or the risk of TRAEs (five RCTs, RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.01). Significant decreases were found in pooled VAS score (three RCTs and five non-RCTs, MD=−2.14, 95% CI −3.05 to −1.23) and TUG (MD=−2.06, 95% CI −2.91 to −1.20) after BTX treatment.ConclusionsBTX may not be associated with motor symptoms alleviation, although it benefits pain alleviation and functional mobility improvement.
Benefits of nature-based walking for breast cancer survivors
Authors: Shirazipour Celina H , Raines Carolina , Liu Eileen , Ruggieri Rachel M , Capaldi Jessica M , Luna-Lupercio Bianca , Diniz Marcio A , Gresham Gillian , Bhowmick Neil , Haile Robert W , Asher Arash 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) promotes significant physical and psychosocial benefits for breast cancer survivors. While evidence exists regarding recommendations for the frequency, duration and intensity of exercise that optimise PA benefits for cancer survivors, the role of the environment in achieving optimal outcomes has yet to be determined. This paper presents a protocol for a clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility of a 3-month nature-based walking programme for breast cancer survivors. Secondary outcomes assessed include the impact of the intervention on fitness, quality of life outcomes, and biomarkers of ageing and inflammation.Methods and analysisThe trial is a 12-week single-arm pilot study. Twenty female breast cancer survivors will engage in a supervised moderate intensity walking intervention in small groups in a nature reserve for 50 minutes three times per week. Data will be collected at baseline and end of study, and include assessment of inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory myokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, CRP, TGF-ß, IL-10, IL-13), as well as ageing (DNA methylation, ageing genes) biomarkers; surveys (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory); and fitness assessments (6 min Walk Test, Grip-Strength, One Repetition-Maximum Leg Press). Participants will also complete weekly surveys assessing social support and participate in an exit interview. This is an important first step for future research on the influence of exercise environment on cancer survivor PA outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Cedars Sinai Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IIT2020-20). Findings will be disseminated through academic manuscripts, conferences, and community presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04896580.
Prevalence and impact of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in asthma: a study protocol for a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Rogde Åse Johnsen , Lehmann Sverre , Halvorsen Thomas , Clemm Hege Havstad , Røksund Ola Drange , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Kvidaland Haakon Kristian , Vollsæter Maria , Andersen Tiina Maarit 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionExercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) and exercise-induced asthma can cause troublesome respiratory symptoms that can be difficult to distinguish between. Further, there is now a growing appreciation that the two conditions maycoexist, complicating the interpretation of symptoms. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of EILO in patients with asthma. Secondary aims include evaluation of EILO treatment effects and investigation of comorbid conditions other than EILO in patients with asthma.Methods and analysisThe study will be conducted at Haukeland University Hospital and Voss Hospital in Western Norway, and enrol 80–120 patients with asthma and a control group of 40 patients without asthma. Recruitment started in November 2020, and data sampling will continue until March 2024. Laryngeal function will be assessed at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up, using continuous laryngoscopy during high-intensity exercise (CLE). Immediately after the EILO diagnosis is verified, patients will be treated with standardised breathing advice guided by visual biofeedback from the laryngoscope video screen. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of EILO in patients with asthma and control participants. Secondary outcomes include changes in CLE scores, asthma-related quality of life, asthma control and number of the asthma exacerbations, as assessed between baseline and the 1-year follow-up.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, Western Norway, (ID number 97615). All participants will provide signed informed consent before enrolment. The results will be presented in international journals and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04593394.