bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Single Dose Heparin in Prevention of Thrombus Formation in a New Experimental Thrombosis Model
Authors: Nanda V , Khazanchi R K , Rakshit K , Chopra P 
Published: August 2023

SummaryVascular thrombosis continues to remain a major problem in microvascular surgery. Various antithrombotic agents have been used in experimental models in order to study their influence on the incidence of thrombosis. A new microvascular thrombosis model which utilizes a crushing artery forceps on the rat femoral vessels was used to evaluate the effect of a single does of heparin administered subcutaneously just prior to release of the crushing clamp. Patency across the traumatized segments was determined after 24 hours, by the “milking” test and by dividing the vessels downstream to the site of trauma.In the arterial model there was an increase in patency from 83% to 96% and that in the vein model, from 35% to 80% . The results suggest that single dose heparin significantly increases patency rate in veins, in the immediate and early postoperative period. The arterial thrombosis model was however insufficiently thrombogenic and needs further evaluation.
A System for Documentation of Cleft Lip and Nose Deformity and Postoperative Analysis
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv , Bhatnagar S K , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA reliable system of documentation of the extent of deformity of the cleft lip, alveolus, palate and nose is essential to compare treatment methods and results of this common problem. We are presenting here a symbolic system of documenting preoperative deformity, intraoperative technique and postoperative status in cleft lip nose deformity which is based on previously published diagnosis and documentation systems. Modified striped Y system is used to document the extent of the deformity and this is combined with standard measurements for the cleft lip nose deformity and charts to document the intraoperative steps. We find this to be simple and reliable for the analysis of the results.
An Unusual Injury of the Hand in a Plastic Injection Moulding Machine
Authors: Aiyer Purnima M , Vij VK , Rana RE 
Published: August 2023

SummaryInjuries in plastic moulding machines are not uncommon. Usually the hand is caught between the two parts of the closing mould in which the plastic product sets, resulting in severe crushing and avulsion of tissues. An unusual penetrating injury sustained in a plastic moulding machine is described.
The diminutive morphological function between English and Pashto languages: a comparative study
Authors: Khan Afzal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the phenomenon of diminutive morphological function in terms of productivity, similarities, and differences in inflectional bound morphemes between English and Pashto, particularly in the categories of nouns and adjectives. The study also aims to examine the possible influence of ancient languages, such as Greek, on the diminutive morphological function and productivity of these two languages. It is generally assumed that languages descending from similar parental groups share the same diminutive function and productivity pattern in marking morphological mechanisms such as number, gender, and case. Different online sources, libraries, and publication papers were consulted to make a comparison between these two varieties. The findings revealed that both English and Pashto retain a morphological function, but English uses limited inflectional morphemes. Pashto, on the other hand, employs a wide range of suffixations, particularly in marking the diminutive aspect, and that differentiates it from English in semantic and pragmatic expressions. The findings aligned with the initial hypothesis developed that languages descending from similar parental groups use a similar pattern of morphological mechanisms. The only difference is that English drops the inflections to a greater extent because it underwent different phases of modifications, while Pashto still retains the inflections and, in turn, reveals greater productivity. Moreover, the findings disclosed that Pashto is closer to Greek in its inflectional nature and functioning of diminutives than English.
Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on heritage sites in the UK using social media data
Authors: Liu Ziwen , Orr Scott Allan , Kumar Pakhee , Grau-Bove Josep 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on almost all aspects of society. Cultural heritage sites, which are deeply intertwined with the tourism industry, are no exception. The direct impacts of the virus on the population, as well as indirect impacts, such as government-mandated measures including social distancing, face coverings, and frequent temporary closures of sites, have greatly impacted visitor experiences at heritage sites. To quantitatively evaluate the impact of these measures from the perspective of visitors, we collected 1.4 millions visitor reviews from the Google Maps platform for 775 heritage sites. We analyzed visiting rates using the number of online reviews as a proxy and adopt state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques to more deeply understand visitor perception of preventive measures put in place to control the spread of COVID-19. Our findings reveal that even if visitor focus on COVID-19 has significantly decreased, there may still be notable difference between actual and expected number of reviews, suggesting that visitor involvement (e.g., number of visitors) for cultural heritage sites, especially urban indoor sites, needs more time to recover. Our findings further show that most comments by visitors to sites were associated with negative sentiment toward restricted access, but recognized the necessity of other safeguarding measures (e.g., social distancing and the requirement for face coverings). Moreover, they exhibited negative sentiment towards staff or other visitors who did not adhere to these measures. We make specific recommendations for heritage sites to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic and a more general observation that the method used to gather information from online reviews in this paper will be effective in measuring visitor perceptions towards specific aspects of heritage sites, particularly in capturing changes in perception before and after unexpected or disruptive events at heritage sites.
Sub-nanosecond time-resolved radiation measurement using x-ray focusing crystal spectrometers
Authors: Elshafiey A. T. , Chalmers N. G. , Pikuz S. A. , Shelkovenko T. A. , Hammer D. A. 
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we describe a technique using a crystal spectrometer, a silicon-diode detector, and a filtered photoconductive detector to monitor photon energies in the L-shell (0.9–1 keV) and K-shell regimes for nickel and copper hybrid X-pinch x-ray sources. The detectors, system cabling, and an 8 GHz digital oscilloscope in combination enable time resolution better than 200 ps for photoconductive detectors and 700 ps for silicon-diode detectors of the K- and L-shell radiation signals, respectively. We substantially improve the relative timing of signals obtained using the oscilloscope by using an x-ray streak camera with a crystal spectrometer to monitor the L-shell line spectra and, separately, the K-shell line spectra relative to the continuum burst to better than 17 ps time resolution. This combination of instruments enabled and validated a new method by which plasma conditions in nickel and copper X-pinches can be assessed immediately before and after the ∼30 ps continuum x-ray burst produced by 370 kA hybrid X-pinches. In general, the method described here can be applied to observe otherwise highly filter-absorbed radiation in the presence of a broad spectrum of higher energy radiation by combining x-ray crystals and detectors.
Modulated super-Gaussian laser pulse to populate a dark rovibrational state of acetylene
Authors: Aerts Antoine , Jolly Spencer W. , Kockaert Pascal , Gorza Simon-Pierre , Auwera Jean Vander , Vaeck Nathalie 
Published: August 2023

A pulse-shaping technique in the mid-infrared spectral range based on pulses with a super-Gaussian temporal profile is considered for laser control. We show a realistic and efficient path to the population of a dark rovibrational state in acetylene (C2H2). The laser-induced dynamics in C2H2 are simulated using fully experimental structural parameters. Indeed, the rotation–vibration energy structure, including anharmonicities, is defined by the global spectroscopic Hamiltonian for the ground electronic state of C2H2 built from the extensive high-resolution spectroscopy studies on the molecule, transition dipole moments from intensities, and the effects of the (inelastic) collisions that are parameterized from line broadenings using the relaxation matrix [A. Aerts, J. Vander Auwera, and N. Vaeck, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 144308 (2021)]. The approach, based on an effective Hamiltonian, outperforms today’s ab initio computations both in terms of accuracy and computational cost for this class of molecules. With such accuracy, the Hamiltonian permits studying the inner mechanism of theoretical pulse shaping [A. Aerts et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156, 084302 (2022)] for laser quantum control. Here, the generated control pulse presents a number of interferences that take advantage of the control mechanism to populate the dark state. An experimental setup is proposed for in-laboratory investigation.
Spin-orbit charge transfer from guanine and 9-methylguanine radical cations to nitric oxide radicals and the induced triplet-to-singlet intersystem crossing
Authors: Benny Jonathan , Liu Jianbo 
Published: August 2023

Nitric oxide (●NO) participates in many biological activities, including enhancing DNA radiosensitivity in ionizing radiation-based radiotherapy. To help understand the radiosensitization of ●NO, we report reaction dynamics between ●NO and the radical cations of guanine (a 9HG●+ conformer) and 9-methylguanine (9MG●+). On the basis of the formation of 9HG●+ and 9MG●+ in the gas phase and the collisions of the radical cations with ●NO in a guided-ion beam mass spectrometer, the charge transfer reactions of 9HG●+ and 9MG●+ with ●NO were examined. For both reactions, the kinetic energy-dependent product ion cross sections revealed a threshold energy that is 0.24 (or 0.37) eV above the 0 K product 9HG (or 9MG) + NO+ asymptote. To interrogate this abnormal threshold behavior, the reaction potential energy surface for [9MG + NO]+ was mapped out at closed-shell singlet, open-shell singlet, and triplet states using density functional and coupled cluster theories. The results showed that the charge transfer reaction requires the interaction of a triplet-state surface originating from a reactant-like precursor complex 3[9MG●+(↑)⋅(↑)●NO] with a closed-shell singlet-state surface evolving from a charge-transferred complex 1[9MG⋅NO+]. During the reaction, an electron is transferred from π∗(NO) to perpendicular π∗(9MG), which introduces a change in orbital angular momentum. The latter offsets the change in electron spin angular momentum and facilitates intersystem crossing. The reaction threshold in excess of the 0 K thermochemistry and the low charge-transfer efficiency are rationalized by the vibrational excitation in the product ion NO+ and the kinetic shift arising from a long-lived triplet intermediate.
Evaluation of a dietary blend of essential oils and polyphenols on methane emission by ewes
Authors: Atzori A. S. , Porcu M. A. , Fulghesu F. , Ledda A. , Correddu F. 
Published: August 2023

Context Decreasing enteric methane emissions from small ruminants is important because methane is a greenhouse gas and a major contributor to global warming. Aim The objective of this work was to test the effect of a dietary premix consisting of a blend of essential oils, bioflavonoids and chestnut tannins (EOP, essential oils and polyphenols) on methane emission from dry non-pregnant ewes. Methods Twenty-four dry Sarda ewes were allocated to two homogenous groups: control and treatment groups. Both were fed with a total mixed ration, and the treatment group was supplemented with 1 g/day.ewe of EOP blend. Each animal followed a 20-day adaptation period before methane emission measurements. Methane emissions were measured using a ventilated hood system equipped with a digital gas analyser. Key results The addition of a dietary EOP blend to the total mixed ration did not affect feed intake and nutrient digestibility. Ewes that received the EOP blend had a 13% lower methane yield than ewes that received the control diet (22.4 vs 25.5 g of CH4 per kg of dry matter intake; P < 0.05, respectively). The EOP blend had no impact on daily methane emission when calculated as g CH4/ewe or g CH4/kg bodyweight. Conclusions The EOP blend at a daily dose of 1 g/day.ewe decreased methane yield under the experimental conditions described in this work. Implications Feeding an EOP dietary blend to ewes can decrease methane emission. These results were obtained in vivo with typical farm conditions, suggesting that a similar response may occur in field conditions.
The Puss in Boots effect
Authors: Forman Jemma , Brown Louise , Root-Gutteridge Holly , Hole Graham , Lesch Raffaela , Pisanski Katarzyna , Reby David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Pet-directed speech (PDS) is often produced by humans when
addressing dogs. Similar to infant-directed speech, PDS is marked by a
relatively higher and more modulated fundamental frequency
(f
0) than is adult-directed speech. We tested
the prediction that increasing eye size in dogs, one facial feature of neoteny
(juvenilisation), would elicit exaggerated prosodic qualities or pet-directed
speech. We experimentally manipulated eye size in photographs of twelve dog
breeds by −15%, +15% and +30%. We first showed that dogs with larger eyes were
indeed perceived as younger. We then recorded men and women speaking towards
these photographs, who also rated these images for cuteness. Linear
mixed-effects models demonstrated that increasing eye size by 15% significantly
increased pitch range (f
0 range) and variability
(f
0CV) among women only. Cuteness ratings did
not vary with eye size, due to a possible ceiling effect across eye sizes. Our
results offer preliminary evidence that large eyes can elicit pet-directed
speech and suggest that PDS may be modulated by perceived juvenility rather than
cuteness. We discuss these findings in the context of inter-species vocal
communication.
Grapheme–phoneme correspondence learning in parrots
Authors: Cunha Jennifer M. , Hirskyj-Douglas Ilyena , Kleinberger Rèbecca , Clubb Susan , Perry Lynn K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Symbolic representation acquisition is the complex cognitive process consisting of learning to use a symbol to
stand for something else. A variety of non-human animals can engage in symbolic representation learning. One particularly complex
form of symbol representation is the associations between orthographic symbols and speech sounds, known as grapheme–phoneme
correspondence. To date, there has been little evidence that animals can learn this form of symbolic representation. Here, we
evaluated whether an Umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) can learn letter-speech correspondence using English words.
The bird-participant was trained with phonics instruction and then tested on pairs of index cards while the experimenter spoke the
word. The words were unknown to the bird and the experimenter was blinded to the correct card position. The cockatoo’s accuracy
(M = 71%) was statistically significant. Further, we found a strong correlation between the bird’s
word-identification success and the number of overlapping letters between words, where the more overlapping letters between words,
the more likely the cockatoo answered incorrectly. Our results strongly suggest that parrots may have the ability to learn
grapheme–phoneme correspondences.
Preliminary study of fungi from mangrove sediments as a bioremediation agent of lead (Pb) heavy metal
Authors: Millatia Z , Sabdaningsih A , Ayuningrum D , Jati O E , Muskananfola M R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The mangrove ecosystem in Tapak Village is one of the coastal areas in Tugu District, Semarang, Central Java and close to the industrial area. This mangrove ecosystem presumed to be contaminated by heavy metals. This study aims to analysis of lead heavy metal in Tapak, isolate fungi from mangrove sediments, and identify the potential fungus according to molecular approach. The sampling method used a purposive random sampling method with 4 sampling points. The isolation of fungi was carried out using the dilution method and then cultured on the general Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The purified isolates were tested its ability as a bioremediation agent of lead heavy metal (Pb) and were identified molecularly using ITS1 and ITS4 as universal primers. The results of the analysis of the Pb content in the sediment samples using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) ranged from 59.07-76.76mg/Kg, where these results exceeded the CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) quality standards, 2001, with Pb standards of 35mg/Kg. Based on the screening of fungal isolates on media supplemented with (Pb) of 70 ppm, a total 18 isolates were purified. There were 9 isolates with the fastest growth in observations for 7 days. One of the 9 fastest-growing isolates, MT.1.E, was identified molecularly using Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) region and the homology was closely related to Aspergillus fumigatus which has a 100% similarity. According to this study, fungi can be proposed as a bioremediation agent.
Morfometric Character of Longtail Tuna (Thunnus Tonggol)
Authors: Hidayat Thomas , Boer Mennofatria , Kamal M Mukhlis , Zairion  , Suman Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Longtail tuna is a pelagic fish that has a wide distribution from the Java Sea to the Natuna Sea or the South China Sea. This study aims to identified the character of the population and determine differences in population/stock of longtail tuna among stock in the Java Sea and the Natuna Sea. Sampling was carried out from May 2018 to April 2019, in Pekalongan representing the Java Sea, Pemangkat representing the west Natuna Sea and Tanjung Pinang representing the east Natuna Sea. The morphometric measurement consists of 20 characters, morphometric data is standardized by dividing all the morphometric characters by the standard length (SL). Principal components and discriminant functions analysis was employed to analyze morphometric variables to obtain distinguishing characters and stock identification. Discriminant Analysis to see the components of intra and inter-population sharing was carried out using SPPS ver.16 software. The results of Principal components analysis (PCA) found there are two distinguishing morphometric characters, namely: pelvic fin length (PeL) and anal fin length (PAF) characters. Canonical discriminant analysis found two subpopulation longtail tuna, which is one sub population Java Sea and west Natuna Sea, the other is east Natuna Sea sub population.
Potential Absorption Carbon Stock of Mangrove in Teluk Awur and Tanggul Tlare, Jepara Regency
Authors: Widyastuti Galuh , Suryanti Suryanti , Febrianto Sigit , Latifah Nurul , Ain Churun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Mangroves are one of the ecosystems that play an essential role in mitigating climate change by storing and absorbing CO2. One of the mangrove areas that can be found in Jepara Regency in Teluk Awur and Tanggul Tlare. Both of these areas is experiencing coastal abrasion, which impacts the land and mangrove areas. The reduced area of mangroves affects the ability of the ecosystem to store and absorb CO2. This study intends to determine the potential for CO2 absorption in above-ground, below-ground, and mangrove sediments. The method used in determining the station point is the purposive sampling method. While the analysis of the calculation of standing carbon storage uses allometric equations in sediments using the LOI method (Loss on Ignition). The potential for carbon absorption above-ground station 1 is 75.12 Ton.ha-1, below-ground is 51.48 Ton.ha-1, and sediment is 286.49 Ton.ha-1. While the potential for CO2 absorption at station 2 consists of 28.27 Ton.ha-1 above ground, 19.86 Ton.ha-1 underground, and 243.73 Ton.ha-1 of sediment. Based on the study’s results, the potential for CO2 absorption in the mangrove area in Teluk Awur can store more carbon than in the Tanggul Tlare mangrove area, this is supported by the diameter of the mangrove stems in Teluk Awur which has a higher size.
Occurrence of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in the Kwatisore Waters within the Cenderawasih Bay National Park as a basis for carrying capacity estimations and assessments for ecotourism suitability
Authors: Maruanaya Y , Sumaryono  
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Kwatisore waters in the Cenderawasih Bay National Park area is one of the whale sharks’ habitats in Indonesia. As shark sightings seem to occur daily there is the opportunity for ecotourism development in the area. This study aims to quantify the occurrence of whale sharks at Kwatisore, and estimate the carrying capacity of the area, together with its suitability for ecotourism based on whale shark aggregations. Primary data collection on the appearance of whale sharks was carried out every day through a census technique on 7 designated areas (Apr to Aug, 2022). Every whale shark that appears on the surface of the water is photographed and identified by an ID number based on the I3Sv2.0 and its sex determined. During the census period, 709 whale sharks’ sightings were recorded mostly in the morning. There were 15 individuals in total, all males with a total length ranging from 3-7 m. The carrying capacity of the area for whale shark ecotourism in Kwatisore waters is a maximum of 252 people per day who are allowed to interact with whale sharks, while the tourism suitability index is included in the very appropriate category for whale shark tourism.
Temporal variations in growth and condition index of kalandue clams (Polymesoda erosa, Solander 1786) in Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Bahtiar  , Fekri L , Ishak E , Purnama M F , Permatahati Y I , Nur I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The growth and condition index of kalandue shellfish in the mangrove forest of Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi is not fully known. This study aims to determine the growth and condition index of kalandue shellfish (Polymesoda erosa) in Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi. Kalandue mussels were taken randomly throughout the waters using a shovel as deep as 20 cm in the aquatic substrate. Kalandue mussels were measured in length and wet weight was measured using a caliper and a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.5 mm and 0.01 g, respectively. The shells were separated by sex and dried in an oven at 70oC for 72 hours. Kalandue mussels were weighed dry and shell weight using an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.0001g. The length-weight relationship data were analyzed using linear regression and the condition index was analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. The results showed that the length-weight relationship of males and females was in isometric conditions with values of 3.08 and 3.05, respectively. The lowest b value was found in February and the highest was in May. The condition index of male and female caladue shells was not significantly different with values of 9.26±5.50 and 6.75±4.90, respectively. The condition index experienced two peaks, namely in May and September. Furthermore, the condition index of kalandue mussels increased along with the increase in body size (shell width).