bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provider perspectives on nutrition interventions in primary care: the role of organizational structure and community partnerships
Authors: van den Berk-Clark Carissa , Schrodt Clare , Phan Christopher , Garfield Terry , Samuel Sandra ,   ARCHNet
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Poor nutrition remains a significant public health concern that is often managed within primary care settings. Meanwhile, to our knowledge, there have been few studies that evaluate the intent of primary care providers to offer nutrition services, nor what type of exchanges they engage in to ensure those programs can be implemented.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 primary care providers and support staff. Grounded theory analysis was utilized to identify themes and to develop a theoretical model of primary care nutrition program implementation.

Results
Three themes were identified. Patients approached primary care organizations with complex health beliefs, health severity, and barriers to care (theme 1). Providers and support staff responded by providing services that fit into existing organizational constraints, especially constraints related to workflow/time with patient, space and billing (theme 2). Providers see community as a major cue to action among patients but are unsure of the role of primary care (theme 3).

Conclusions
Provider respondents found that implementing nutrition programs in primary care settings is difficult and that effective interventions for nutrition within health settings are limited without community-based partnerships and programming. Additional research is needed to measure existing community ties and how such ties could improve patient nutrition.
Bacillus paralicheniformis 2R5 and its impact on canola growth and N-cycle genes in the rhizosphere
Authors: Świątczak Joanna , Kalwasińska Agnieszka , Felföldi Tamás , Swiontek Brzezinska Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chemical fertilization has a negative impact on the natural environment. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) rhizobacterial biofertilizers can be a safer alternative to synthetic agrochemicals. In this research, a culture-based method was used to assess the population size of rhizobacteria at the vegetative, flowering, and maturity stages of canola. Rhizobacteria were then isolated from each of the canola growth stages, and their seven PGP traits were determined. The highest abundance of culturable bacteria was found at the vegetative stage of the plants. Furthermore, four out of seven PGP traits were produced by the highest % of isolates at the vegetative stage. In the greenhouse experiment that included six rhizobacterial strains with best PGP traits, the greatest canola growth promotion ability under sterile conditions was observed after the introduction of Bacillus paralicheniformis 2R5. Moreover, under nonsterile conditions, 2R5 significantly increased canola growth. The presence of the trpA, B, C, D, E, F and pstA, and S genes in the 2R5 genome could be associated with canola growth promotion abilities. The chiA and mbtH genes could contribute to 2R5 antifungal activity against fungal pathogens. Moreover, the introduction of 2R5 significantly increased the abundance of the narG, nosZ, nifH, and nirS genes, which can prove that the 2R5 strain may be an important member of the soil bacterial community.
Structure of the Gonghe Sedimentary Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: evidence from teleseismicPwaves recorded by a dense seismic array
Authors: Deng Yufeng , Li Zhiwei , Huang Song , Xu Ya , Hao Tianyao , Bao Feng , Zhang Senqi , Li Shengtao , Jia Xiaofeng , Tian Puyuan , Zhang Shengsheng , Zang Nan , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYThe Gonghe Basin in the northeast Tibetan Plateau presents significant potential for hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal resources. A 1990 Mw 6.4 earthquake in the basin furthers the need for an improved understanding of its sedimentary structure. In this study, we utilize data from a dense seismic array of 88 short-period seismometers deployed at an interstation spacing of approximately 3 km to scrutinize the sedimentary structure of the Gonghe Basin. By analysing teleseismic P waveforms, we identify P-to-S converted waves (Ps wave) originating from the sedimentary basement. We then determine the delay time between the Ps waves and the direct P waves (P wave) through waveform cross-correlation. By integrating this delay time with empirical velocity structure models, HDR borehole data and results from teleseismic receiver function analysis, we derive a sediment thickness model of the Gonghe Basin for the Qabqa geothermal area. Our findings reveal a gradual increase in sediment thickness from around 500 m in the east to approximately 3000 m in the west, which is consistent with other geophysical surveys and borehole data. The thick sediments in the basin could potentially serve as an excellent thermal storage cover for HDR. The strong ground motion simulation using our sediment thickness model shows that thick sediments can amplify seismic waves, increasing the risk of seismic hazards. Moreover, our study indicates that the clear Ps waves can be effectively extracted to construct a dependable sediment thickness model using teleseismic P waves recorded by a short-period dense seismic array.
Development and stochastic validation of a parameterized model of maize stalk flexure and buckling
Authors: Ottesen Michael , Carter Joseph , Hall Ryan , Liu Nan-Wei , Cook Douglas D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Maize stalk lodging is the structural failure of the stalk prior to harvest and is a major problem for maize (corn) producers and plant breeders. To address this problem, it is critical to understand precisely how geometric and material parameters of the maize stalk influence stalk strength. Computational models could be a powerful tool in such investigations, but current methods of creating computational models are costly, time-consuming and, most importantly, do not provide parameterized control of the maize stalk parameters. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a parameterized 3D model of the maize stalk. The parameterized model provides independent control over all aspects of the maize stalk geometry and material properties. The model accurately captures the shape of actual maize stalks and is predictive of maize stalk stiffness and strength. The model was validated using stochastic sampling of material properties to account for uncertainty in the values and influence of mechanical tissue properties. Results indicated that buckling is influenced by material properties to a greater extent that flexural stiffness. Finally, we demonstrate that this model can be used to create an unlimited number of synthetic stalks from within the parameter space. This model will enable the future implementation of parameter sweep studies, sensitivity analysis and optimization studies, and can be used to create computational models of maize stalks with any desired combination of geometric and material properties.
Effectiveness of adjunctive rifampicin for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dotel R , Gilbert G L , Hutabarat S N , Davis J S , O’Sullivan M V N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To assess whether the addition of rifampicin to conventional treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) reduces bacteriological or clinical failure or death.

Data Sources
PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to 31 December 2022. Reference lists and PubMed citations of eligible studies were checked.

Review methods
Two study authors independently identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adult participants with SAB, in which an intervention group received adjunctive rifampicin and the control group received usual care with or without a placebo. Dichotomous data (bacteriological and clinical failure and deaths) were analysed and pooled across studies using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effect model. The key variable of interest being whether rifampicin was used.

Results
Six RCTs including 894 participants—of which 758 (85%) were from one trial—met the inclusion criteria. The addition of rifampicin to conventional treatment of SAB significantly reduced bacteriological failure by 59% (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.81, I2 = 0%, number need to treat 27). However, it did not reduce clinical failure (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.47–1.03, I2 = 0%) or deaths (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.70–1.32, I2 = 0%). Further, it did not reduce the duration of bacteraemia, or the length of hospital stay. Adjunctive rifampicin reduced SAB recurrences (1% versus 4%, P = 0.01). Emergence of rifampicin resistance during treatment was uncommon (&lt;1%).

Conclusion
Although adjunctive rifampicin reduced the risk of bacteriological failure and recurrences, we found no mortality benefit to support its use in SAB.
Archived rilpivirine-associated resistance mutations among ART-naive and virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 subtype C in Botswana: implications for cabotegravir/rilpivirine use
Authors: Maruapula Dorcas , Moraka Natasha O , Bareng Ontlametse T , Mokgethi Patrick T , Choga Wonderful T , Seatla Kaelo K , Kelentse Nametso , Koofhethille Catherine K , Zuze Boitumelo J L , Gaolathe Tendani , Pretorius-Holme Molly , Makhema Joseph , Novitsky Vlad , Shapiro Roger , Moyo Sikhulile , Lockman Shahin , Gaseitsiwe Simani 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Pre-existing rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations (RVP-RAMs) have been found to predict HIV-1 virological failure in those switching to long-acting injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine. We here evaluated the prevalence of archived RPV-RAMs in a cohort of people living with HIV (PWH).

Methods
We analysed near full-length HIV-1 pol sequences from proviral DNA for the presence of RPV-RAMs, which were defined according to the 2022 IAS–USA drug resistance mutation list and Stanford HIV drug resistance database.

Results
RPV-RAMs were identified in 757/5805 sequences, giving a prevalence of 13.0% (95% CI 12%–13.9%). Amongst the ART-naive group, 137/1281 (10.7%, 95% CI 9.1%–12.5%) had at least one RPV-RAM. Of the 4524 PWH with viral suppression on ART (VL &lt;400 copies/mL), 620 (13.7%, 95% CI 12.7%–14.7%) had at least one RPV-RAM. E138A was the most prevalent RPV-RAM in the ART-naive group (7.9%) and the ART-suppressed group (9.3%). The rest of the mutations observed (L100I, K101E, E138G, E138K, E138Q, Y181C, H221Y, M230L, A98G, V179D, G190A, G190E and M230I) were below a prevalence of 1%.

Conclusions
RPV-RAMs were present in 10.7% of ART-naive and 13.7% of ART-suppressed PWH in Botswana. The most common RPV-RAM in both groups was E138A. Since individuals with the E138A mutation may be more likely to fail cabotegravir/rilpivirine, monitoring RPV-RAMs will be crucial for effective cabotegravir/rilpivirine implementation in this setting.
Comparison of multiple international metrics for benchmarking antibiotic usage (ABU) using UK beef and sheep data
Authors: Davies Peers , Hyde Robert , Corbishley Alexander 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Accurate surveillance of livestock antibiotic usage (ABU) at the farm level is an increasingly important part of national antibiotic stewardship initiatives. Numerous ABU indicators or metrics have been developed in Europe and North America but the comparability of these metrics is poorly understood. For policymakers, understanding the relationship between metrics is important when considering the risks posed by ABU and how to regulate them, at the national level, and regulate international trade access in livestock products between countries who use different ABU metrics.

Objectives
To quantify the patterns of ABU among beef (cattle) and lamb (sheep) production systems. To explore ABU variation between farm types across seven ABU metrics developed in Europe and North America using a common dataset of sheep and beef farms’ antibiotic purchases from the UK.

Methods
A dataset of &gt;16 200 antibiotic sales events to 686 farm enterprises of different types underwent quantitative analysis. Correlation matrixes were generated for seven international ABU metrics.

Results
ABU was significantly higher among calf-rearers. Across all farm types, tetracyclines and β-lactams were the predominant groups by mass, but represent a similar dose equivalent to macrolides across most farm types. Good agreement (&gt;0.9) was observed between metrics.

Conclusions
Reliable metrics to accurately benchmark farms are crucial for maintaining confidence of farmers in the fairness of any surveillance system, especially when the ranking of any given system may be linked to financial subsidies or penalties and also when negotiating import and export access for livestock products between countries.
Impact of functional disability on health-care use and medical costs among cancer survivors
Authors: Tak Hyo Jung , Horner Ronnie D , Lee Min Sok , Shih Ya-Chen Tina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancer survivors with a disability are among the most vulnerable in health status and financial hardship, but no prior research has systematically examined how disability modifies health-care use and costs. This study examined the association between functional disability among cancer survivors and their health-care utilization and medical costs.

Methods
We generated nationally representative estimates using the 2015-2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Outcomes included use of 6 service types (inpatient, outpatient, office-based physician, office-based nonphysician, emergency department, and prescription) and medical costs of aggregate services and by each of 6 service types. The primary independent variable was a categorical variable for the total number of functional disabilities. We employed multivariable generalized linear models and 2-part models, adjusting for sociodemographics and health conditions and accounting for survey design.

Results
Among cancer survivors (n = 9359; weighted n = 21 046 285), 38.8% reported at least 1 disability. Compared with individuals without a disability, cancer survivors with 4 or more disabilities experienced longer hospital stays (adjusted average marginal effect = 1.14 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55 to 1.73), more visits to an office-based physician (average marginal effect = 1.43 visits, 95% CI = 0.51 to 2.35), and a greater number of prescriptions (average marginal effect = 12.1 prescriptions, 95% CI = 9.27 to 15.0). Their total (average marginal effect = $9537, 95% CI = $5713 to $13 361) and out-of-pocket (average marginal effect = $639, 95% CI = $79 to $1199) medical costs for aggregate services were statistically significantly higher. By type, disability in independent living was most strongly associated with greater costs for aggregate services.

Conclusions
Cancer survivors with a disability experienced greater health-care use and higher costs. Cancer survivorship planning for health care and financial stability should consider the patients’ disability profile.
Quadruple-star systems are not always nested triples: a machine learning approach to dynamical stability
Authors: Vynatheya Pavan , Mardling Rosemary A , Hamers Adrian S 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The dynamical stability of quadruple-star systems has traditionally been treated as a problem involving two ‘nested’ triples which constitute a quadruple. In this novel study, we employed a machine learning algorithm, the multilayer perceptron (MLP), to directly classify 2 + 2 and 3 + 1 quadruples based on their stability (or long-term boundedness). The training data sets for the classification, comprised of 5 × 105 quadruples each, were integrated using the highly accurate direct N-body code mstar. We also carried out a limited parameter space study of zero-inclination systems to directly compare quadruples to triples. We found that both our quadruple MLP models perform better than a ‘nested’ triple MLP approach, which is especially significant for 3 + 1 quadruples. The classification accuracies for the 2 + 2 MLP and 3 + 1 MLP models are 94 and 93 per cent, respectively, while the scores for the ‘nested’ triple approach are 88 and 66 per cent, respectively. This is a crucial implication for quadruple population synthesis studies. Our MLP models, which are very simple and almost instantaneous to implement, are available on Github, along with python3 scripts to access them.
The white dwarf mass–orbital period relation under wind mass-loss
Authors: Gao Shi-Jie , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Helium white dwarfs (HeWDs) are thought to form from low-mass red giant stars experiencing binary interaction. Because the helium core mass of a red giant star is closely related to the stellar radius, there exists well-known relation between the orbital period (Porb) and the mass (MWD) of the HeWDs, which is almost independent of the type of the companion star. Traditional derivation of the MWD–Porb relation generally neglected the effect of wind mass-loss from the red giants, while observations show that wind mass-loss from red giants in binary systems is systematically higher than that from isolated stars. In this work, we calculate binary evolution with tidally enhanced stellar wind (TEW) and find that it causes significantly scatter of the traditional MWD–Porb relation. The TEW can prevent the red giants from overflowing their Roche lobes and slow down the growth of the helium core, leaving a lower mass HeWD for given orbital period. This scenario may account for some of the HeWD binaries that deviate from the traditional MWD–Porb relation. However, we point out that observations of more HeWD binaries in wide orbits are needed to test the TEW model and to constrain the enhanced wind factor.
Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco as an Outgrowth of the 1988 Surgeon General’s Report on Nicotine Addiction: Reflections of the Early Presidents
Authors: Pomerleau Ovide F , Benowitz Neal L , Stitzer Maxine L , Henningfield Jack E , Hatsukami Dorothy K , Corrigall William A , Perkins Kenneth A , Lando Harry A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco began in the United States as a scientific organization “to stimulate the generation and dissemination of new knowledge concerning nicotine and tobacco in all its manifestations.” Now in its 30th year, the Society is taking on new challenges in tobacco control, nicotine vaping, product regulation, and public policy.

Aims and Methods
This Review describes the formative years of the Society from the perspective of researchers who were in leadership positions during that time, documenting how biobehavioral and clinical research in the first 10 years was a continuation of the scientific mission of the 1988 United States Surgeon General’s Report on Nicotine Addiction and summarizing organizational innovations during each president’s term of office.

Conclusions
The Society’s promotion of scientific research served as a catalyst for funding, policy, and regulation, setting the stage for its influence and credibility.

Implications
This Commentary provides context and an overview of the scientific research and the organizational innovations that occurred during the early years of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco using publications and available documentation. The Society was able to thrive because biobehavioral research on nicotine addiction provided the scientific underpinnings for the tobacco control enterprise as a whole. The objective of this Commentary is to describe formative events in the Society's history based on the accomplishments of its early leaders.
Biosynthesis, herbivore induction, and defensive role of phenylacetaldoxime glucoside
Authors: Müller Andrea T , Nakamura Yoko , Reichelt Michael , Luck Katrin , Cosio Eric , Lackus Nathalie D , Gershenzon Jonathan , Mithöfer Axel , Köllner Tobias G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aldoximes are well-known metabolic precursors for plant defense compounds such as cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, and volatile nitriles. They are also defenses themselves produced in response to herbivory; however, it is unclear whether aldoximes can be stored over a longer term as defense compounds and how plants protect themselves against the potential autotoxic effects of aldoximes. Here, we show that the Neotropical myrmecophyte tococa (Tococa quadrialata, recently renamed Miconia microphysca) accumulates phenylacetaldoxime glucoside (PAOx-Glc) in response to leaf herbivory. Sequence comparison, transcriptomic analysis, and heterologous expression revealed that 2 cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP79A206 and CYP79A207, and the UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT85A123 are involved in the formation of PAOx-Glc in tococa. Another P450, CYP71E76, was shown to convert PAOx to the volatile defense compound benzyl cyanide. The formation of PAOx-Glc and PAOx in leaves is a very local response to herbivory but does not appear to be regulated by jasmonic acid signaling. In contrast to PAOx, which was only detectable during herbivory, PAOx-Glc levels remained high for at least 3 d after insect feeding. This, together with the fact that gut protein extracts of 3 insect herbivore species exhibited hydrolytic activity toward PAOx-Glc, suggests that the glucoside is a stable storage form of a defense compound that may provide rapid protection against future herbivory. Moreover, the finding that herbivory or pathogen elicitor treatment also led to the accumulation of PAOx-Glc in 3 other phylogenetically distant plant species suggests that the formation and storage of aldoxime glucosides may represent a widespread plant defense response.
zma-miR159 targets ZmMYB74 and ZmMYB138 transcription factors to regulate grain size and weight in maize
Authors: Wang Qiyue , Wan Jiong , Dang Kuntai , Meng Shujun , Hu Desheng , Lin Yuan , Qiu Xiaoqian , Guo Zhanyong , Fu Zhiyuan , Ding Dong , Tang Jihua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Endosperm cell number is critical in determining grain size in maize (Zea mays). Here, zma-miR159 overexpression led to enlarged grains in independent transgenic lines, suggesting that zma-miR159 contributes positively to maize grain size. Targeting of ZmMYB74 and ZmMYB138 transcription factor genes by zma-miR159 was validated using 5′ RACE and dual-luciferase assay. Lines in which ZmMYB74 was knocked out using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) presented a similar enlarged grain phenotype as those with zma-miR159 overexpression. Downstream genes regulating cell division were identified through DNA affinity purification sequencing using ZmMYB74 and ZmMYB138. Our results suggest that zma-miR159–ZmMYB modules act as an endosperm development hub, participating in the division and proliferation of endosperm cells.