bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oral Cavity Potentially Serving as a Reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 but Not Necessarily Facilitating the Spread of COVID-19 in Dental Practice
Authors: Tsuchiya Hironori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntraoral tissues, secretions, and microenvironments may provide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with the conditions necessary for viral cellular entry and inhabitation. The aim of the present study is to overview the oral cavity that potentially serves as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, and then discuss the possibility that such oral cavity facilitates the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in dental practice. Articles were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, LitCovid, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and preprint medRxiv databases. Results of the literature search indicated that SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry-relevant receptor and virus/cell membrane fusion mediators are expressed in major and minor salivary glands, tongue, taste bud, periodontal tissue, and dental pulp, which would be a target and reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is present in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of COVID-19 patients. These secretions would contaminate dental aerosol and droplet with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 inhabits periodontal pocket, gingival sulcus, and dental caries lesion, which could provide SARS-CoV-2 with a habitat. SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid is preserved in dental calculus, which may inform of the previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. Despite involvement of the oral cavity in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection, to date, there have been no clusters of COVID-19 in dental practice. Dental settings are much less likely to facilitate the spread of COVID-19 compared with general medical settings, which may be explained by the situation of dentistry that the number of patients to visit dental offices/clinics was decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, the characteristics of dentistry that dental professionals have maintained high awareness of viral infection prevention, adhered to a strict protocol for infection control, and been using personal protective equipment for a long time, the experimental results that dental devices generate only small amounts of aerosol responsible for the airborne viral transmission, irrigant from the dental unit contributes to the aerosol microbiota much rather than saliva, and the commonly used evacuation or suction system effectively reduces aerosol and droplet generation, and the possibility that human saliva exhibits the antiviral activity and the property to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is considered that dental treatment and oral health care can be delivered safely in the COVID-19 era.
Predictors of Pain in Patients with Noninvasive Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Oki Yamato , Kuwahara Tatsu , Hukui Kenta , Kijima Natsumi , Yamada Masahiro , Ninomiya Hiroaki , Matsumoto Yu , Sato Kaname , Isono Yasuhiro , Niwa Kazutomo , Hatakeyama Hiromitsu , Oridate Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe number of cases of noninvasive fungal sinusitis among asymptomatic and older patients has recently increased. Older adults are more commonly predisposed to comorbidities than younger people, and it is often difficult to determine a treatment plan for such patients, particularly for asymptomatic patients. Notably, surgery is the first-choice treatment for such patients; however, to date, no clear guidelines have been established for the same. In this study, we investigated the predictive factors of pain among patients with noninvasive fungal sinusitis. Out of 554 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery between April 2010 and March 2020 at the Yokohama City University Medical Center, 59 were diagnosed with fungal sinusitis based on the identification of fungi in resected surgical specimens. Of these, 19 patients with preoperative symptoms, such as headache and facial pain, were included in the pain group, whereas the remaining 40 patients were included in the control group. Overall, 18 items were analyzed, including patient background factors, preoperative computed tomography scan results, blood test results, the location of the fungal mass, and information on the identified fungal species. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in age, alcohol consumption, frequency of occurrence of ethmoid and frontal sinus lesions, Lund–Mackay scores, and white blood cell counts between the pain and control groups. However, based on multivariate analyses, only the Lund–Mackay score and white blood cell counts were identified as independent predictors of pain. In the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve for the Lund–Mackay score was 0.76, and sensitivity and specificity were at a maximum cutoff score of 5. Among patients with noninvasive fungal sinusitis, those with high Lund–Mackay scores or white blood cell counts should be considered candidates for surgery.
The Risk of Neonatal Morbidity in Umbilical Artery Hypercarbia and Respiratory Acidosis
Authors: Hensel Drew , Zahedi-Spung Leilah , Carter Ebony B. , Cahill Alison G. , Raghuraman Nandini , Rosenbloom Joshua I. 
Published: December 2022

Objective To test the hypothesis that elevated umbilical artery (UA) partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) is associated with neonatal morbidity and to compare the risk of neonatal morbidity with different patterns of UA acidosis.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of term, singleton, nonanomalous deliveries with universal cord gas collection. The primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relative risk (RR) for neonatal morbidity in patients with and without UA hypercarbia. A receiver operating characteristic curve determined the predictive value of pCO2 for neonatal morbidity. An additional multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of neonatal morbidity in different patterns of UA acidosis.
Results UA hypercarbia was associated with an increased risk of neonatal morbidity (RR: 2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.07, 3.17]). After adjusting for UA acidemia, this association remained significant (adjusted RR: 1.39, 95% CI: [1.05, 1.83]). UA pCO2 was less predictive of neonatal morbidity than UA pH (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.65, 95% CI: [0.62, 0.68] vs. AUC: 0.72, 95% CI: [0.69, 0.75], p < 0.01). The odds ratios for neonatal morbidity for respiratory, mixed, and metabolic acidosis compared with normal cord gases were 1.48 (95% CI: [0.88, 2.49]), 6.41 (95% CI: [3.68, 11.17]), and 7.49 (95% CI: [5.76, 9.72]), respectively, p-trend < 0.01.
Conclusion UA hypercarbia is an independent predictor of neonatal morbidity, even in the setting of concomitant UA acidemia. UA mixed and metabolic acidosis carry significantly greater risk of neonatal morbidity compared with respiratory acidosis.
Key Points
Co-opting small-scale fishers’ knowledge with scientific data to improve understanding of fish community structures in the Lower Komati River, South Africa
Authors: Dlamini Vuyisile , Samson Melanie , Curtis Chris , O’Brien Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Context In developing countries, fish data might be lacking and expensive to collect. Fisher’s local ecological knowledge (LEK) has been identified as important to complement scientific data gaps. However, consensus and divergences between both methods have not been extensively studied. Aims This paper compares local fishers’ LEK and scientifically sampled data on fish species composition, ecological preferences, and wellbeing in the Lower Komati River, South Africa. Methods Key informant interviews (n = 6), field tracking (n = 5) and participatory mapping (n = 22) were undertaken to capture fishers’ LEK and produce maps showing fishing points. Two science-led fish surveys in six sites were also undertaken between August 2019 and December 2019 by using an electrofishing method. Key results The fishers’ LEK and survey data showed similar patterns of occurrence of Micralestes acutidens, Coptodon rendalli, Oreochromis mossambicus and Labeo cylindricus. Comparing fishers’ catch estimates and survey catch showed that there is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in abundance on the two most sampled species by using ANOVA. Conclusion Differences between the two methods were observed in assessing the river and fish’s wellbeing. Implication The similarities and differences were identified as opportunities for small-scale fisheries and scientists to co-identify ecosystem management strategies that are congruent to the local environment.
Donkey behaviour – an overview of defensive aggression during handling
Authors: Prescott Kayna , McCafferty Corinne , Hart Ben 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Donkeys have significant behaviour variations in comparison with horses, due to each species evolving in different environments. Donkeys have a reduced flight response compared with horses, but an increased tendency to display fight or freeze behaviours. Unlike horses, they can display territorial, defensive behaviour and show a wide range of sexual behaviours that require consideration during management. Donkeys can bond strongly to other donkeys or animals and separating bonded companions can cause stress severe enough to induce the potentially fatal condition hyperlipaemia. Donkeys show stoic body language in response to pain. Awareness of subtle behavioural indicators of fear and pain can improve donkey welfare and improve handler safety.
The role of agriculture in human infectious disease outbreaks
Authors: Morand Serge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study uses the available data to explore the temporal and geographical patterns of infectious diseases and their links between human demography, human-induced land-use change, livestock and poultry expansion, and biodiversity loss. Over the last decades, the number of outbreaks of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases increased mostly in the intertropical zone. The increase in cropland, grassland, tree plantation, livestock, poultry, biodiversity at threat (using the Red List index) mostly occurred in the intertropical zone. Using structural equation modeling, significant relationships were observed between disease outbreaks, human demography, livestock (cattle and pigs), poultry (chickens), tree plantation and artificial land expansion as well as with increasing biodiversity at threat. While agricultural expansion is seen as a driver of biodiversity loss and potentially emerging infectious diseases, here we show that cropland and grassland expansion does not appear to enhance disease outbreaks directly, but indirectly and only for cropland on biodiversity loss. The links observed between infectious disease outbreaks, human demography, agriculture, livestock, urbanization and biodiversity should help rethink the global food system in ways that minimize the risk of infectious diseases while preserving biodiversity and contributing to Sustainable Goals.
A novel intelligent diagnosis method of rolling bearing and rotor composite faults based on vibration signal-to-image mapping and CNN-SVM
Authors: Hongwei Fan , Ceyi Xue , Jiateng Ma , Xiangang Cao , Xuhui Zhang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The rolling bearing is a key element of rotating machine and its fault diagnosis is a research focus. When a single fault of a rolling bearing fails to be addressed in time, it will cause progressive composite faults between the bearing and other elements. In this paper, the different composite fault cases of bearing and rotor are considered. First, an information fusion-empirical mode decomposition-angle adaptive distribution of polar coordinates image method is proposed, which has an adaptive image expression ability for the tested vibration signal, and can provide high-quality vibration image samples for diagnosis model training. Second, an intelligent diagnosis model combining a convolutional neural network and a support vector machine is proposed, which has an excellent generalization ability to recognize the different composite faults. Third, the different composite faults between rolling bearing and rotor are fabricated, tested and then diagnosed. The results show the test accuracy of the proposed method is higher than the conventional method and simple in the image mapping, which proves that this work is effective for the composite fault diagnosis of a rolling bearing and rotor.
Performance test of different silicon photomultipliers for the 6LiF:ZnS(Ag) based neutron detectors of CSNS
Authors: Huang C. , Tang B. , Yu Q. , Yao Z. , Sun Z.J. , Tang M.J. , Jiang J.J. , Cai X.J. , Yue X.P. , Zhou S.H. , Chen S.J. , Wang X.K. , Xu H. , Wang Y.F. , Liu Y.T. , Teng H.Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a large
scientific facility whose main aim is to support multidisciplinary
research on material characterization using neutron
scattering. Twenty neutron spectrometers will be built as
multidisciplinary platforms for scientific research by national
institutions, universities, and industry. Scintillator neutron
detectors for the spectrometers under construction have recently
been developed using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for the
readout. This paper studies the characteristics of three candidate
SiPMs, including the breakdown voltage, gain, temperature
coefficient, dark count rate, and radiation tolerance. Two
measurement platforms were built to evaluate each SiPM. We summarize
the results from our analysis of laboratory tests and beam test data
to characterize the performance of the SiPMs. The MicroFJ-30035-TSV
SiPM manufactured by the SensL Corporation is chosen as the best
SiPM for the scintillator detectors at CSNS.
The warming winter accelerated methane emissions during subsequent rice growing season from paddy fields
Authors: Wu Xian , Wu Lei , Luo Yue , Sun Zheng , Su Ronglin , Hu Jinli , Li Huabin , Zhao Jingsong , Wu Jinshui , Hu Ronggui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Global temperature is projected to increase, which impacts the ecological process in northern mid- and high-latitude ecosystems, but the winter temperature change in ecosystems is among the least understood. Rice paddy represents a significant contributor to global anthropogenic CH4 emissions and has a strong climate forcing feedback; however, the legacy effects of warming winter on CH4 emissions in the subsequent growing season remain uncertain. Here, we conducted field and incubation experiments to determine the effects of winter soil temperature changes on CH4 emissions in the subsequent growing season. First, in the 3 year field experiment, we continuously measured CH4 emissions from the rice cropping system. The winter soil temperature and its variation showed significant differences over the 3 years. In the warming-winter year, the rice paddy accumulated less NH4
+–N and more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil during winter, resulting in high CH4 emissions. Second, we incubated the paddy soils without flooding at three temperatures (5 °C, 15 °C, and 25 °C) for 4 weeks to simulate warming winter, and subsequently incubated at same temperature (25 °C) under submerged conditions for 4 weeks to simulate growing season. The result was consistent with field experiment, increased soil temperature significantly increased soil DOC content and decreased NH4
+–N content in ‘winter season’. The CH4 emissions in the subsequent ‘growing season’ increased by 190% and 468% when previous incubation temperature increased 10 °C and 20 °C. We showed strong and clear links between warming winter and CH4 emissions in the subsequent growing season for the first time, suggesting that CH4 related processes respond not only to warming during the growing season but also in the previous winter. Our findings indicate that nonuniform global warming causes a disproportionate increase in climate forcing feedback to emit more CH4.
Human exhaled air diagnostic markers for respiratory tract infections in subjects receiving mechanical ventilation
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Mirski Marek A , Chen Shuo , Devin Alese P , Haddaway Caroline R , Caton Emily R , Bryden Wayne A , McLoughlin Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Diagnosing respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in critical care settings is essential for appropriate antibiotic treatment and lowering mortality. The current diagnostic method, which primarily relies on clinical symptoms, lacks sensitivity and specificity, resulting in incorrect or delayed diagnoses, putting patients at a heightened risk. In this study we developed a noninvasive diagnosis method based on collecting non-volatile compounds in human exhaled air. We hypothesized that non-volatile compound profiles could be effectively used for bacterial RTI diagnosis. Exhaled air samples were collected from subjects receiving mechanical ventilation diagnosed with or without bacterial RTI in intensive care units at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Truncated proteoforms, a class of non-volatile compounds, were characterized by top-down proteomics, and significant features associated with RTI were identified using feature selection algorithms. The results showed that three truncated proteoforms, collagen type VI alpha three chain protein, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and putative homeodomain transcription factor II were independently associated with RTI with the p-values of 2.0 × 10−5, 1.1 × 10−4, and 1.7 × 10−3, respectively, using multiple logistic regression. Furthermore, a score system named ‘TrunScore’ was constructed by combining the three truncated proteoforms, and the diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved compared to that of individual truncated proteoforms, with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 96.9%. This study supports the ability of this noninvasive breath analysis method to provide an accurate diagnosis for RTIs in subjects receiving mechanical ventilation. The results of this study open the doors to be able to potentially diagnose a broad range of diseases using this non-volatile breath analysis technique.
India: a late opening to the notion of international public policy?
Authors: Vidyarthi Abhisar , Hyaat Khan Sikander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The New York Convention does not define the term public policy, and confers discretion on the member states to develop and apply their own notions of public policy. The development and evolution of public policy, at both national and international levels, have given rise to domestic and international interpretations of public policy. International public policy reflects only those notions of morality and justice that are relevant in the international context. It is widely recognized that domestic public policy should apply only to domestic awards, and states should endeavour to apply international public policy when dealing with the enforcement of foreign awards. While Indian courts do not make an explicit distinction between domestic and international public policy, they have traditionally been infamous for refusing enforcement to foreign awards based upon a broad public policy scrutiny. That said, in recent times, there has been a strong push to rectify India’s image by narrowly interpreting the scope of public policy applicable to foreign awards. This article examines whether the recent favourable changes in the judicial and legislative outlook towards public policy have opened the doors for the application of international public policy to the enforcement of foreign awards in India.
Proteomic clusters underlie heterogeneity in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease progression
Authors: Wisch Julie K , Butt Omar H , Gordon Brian A , Schindler Suzanne E , Fagan Anne M , Henson Rachel L , Yang Chengran , Boerwinkle Anna H , Benzinger Tammie L S , Holtzman David M , Morris John C , Cruchaga Carlos , Ances Beau M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Heterogeneity in progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses challenges for both clinical prognosis and clinical trial implementation. Multiple AD-related subtypes have previously been identified, suggesting differences in receptivity to drug interventions. We identified early differences in preclinical AD biomarkers, assessed patterns for developing preclinical AD across the amyloid-tau-(neurodegeneration) [AT(N)] framework, and considered potential sources of difference by analysing the CSF proteome.
Participants (n = 10) enrolled in longitudinal studies at the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center completed four or more lumbar punctures. These individuals were cognitively normal at baseline. Cerebrospinal fluid measures of amyloid-β (Aβ)42, phosphorylated tau (pTau181), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) as well as proteomics values were evaluated. Imaging biomarkers, including PET amyloid and tau, and structural MRI, were repeatedly obtained when available. Individuals were staged according to the amyloid-tau-(neurodegeneration) framework.
Growth mixture modelling, an unsupervised clustering technique, identified three patterns of biomarker progression as measured by CSF pTau181 and Aβ42. Two groups (AD Biomarker Positive and Intermediate AD Biomarker) showed distinct progression from normal biomarker status to having biomarkers consistent with preclinical AD. A third group (AD Biomarker Negative) did not develop abnormal AD biomarkers over time. Participants grouped by CSF trajectories were re-classified using only proteomic profiles (AUCAD Biomarker Positive versus AD Biomarker Negative = 0.857, AUCAD Biomarker Positive versus Intermediate AD Biomarkers = 0.525, AUCIntermediate AD Biomarkers versus AD Biomarker Negative = 0.952).
We highlight heterogeneity in the development of AD biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals. We identified some individuals who became amyloid positive before the age of 50 years. A second group, Intermediate AD Biomarkers, developed elevated CSF ptau181 significantly before becoming amyloid positive. A third group were AD Biomarker Negative over repeated testing. Our results could influence the selection of participants for specific treatments (e.g. amyloid-reducing versus other agents) in clinical trials. CSF proteome analysis highlighted additional non-AT(N) biomarkers for potential therapies, including blood–brain barrier-, vascular-, immune-, and neuroinflammatory-related targets.
What the Hel: recent advances in understanding rifampicin resistance in bacteria
Authors: Sudzinová Petra , Šanderová Hana , Koval' Tomáš , Skálová Tereza , Borah Nabajyoti , Hnilicová Jarmila , Kouba Tomáš , Dohnálek Jan , Krásný Libor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rifampicin is a clinically important antibiotic that binds to, and blocks the DNA/RNA channel of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). Stalled, nonfunctional RNAPs can be removed from DNA by HelD proteins; this is important for maintenance of genome integrity. Recently, it was reported that HelD proteins from high G+C Actinobacteria, called HelR, are able to dissociate rifampicin-stalled RNAPs from DNA and provide rifampicin resistance. This is achieved by the ability of HelR proteins to dissociate rifampicin from RNAP. The HelR-mediated mechanism of rifampicin resistance is discussed here, and the roles of HelD/HelR in the transcriptional cycle are outlined. Moreover, the possibility that the structurally similar HelD proteins from low G+C Firmicutes may be also involved in rifampicin resistance is explored. Finally, the discovery of the involvement of HelR in rifampicin resistance provides a blueprint for analogous studies to reveal novel mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance.