bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The context of outdoor walking: A classification of user‐generated routes
Authors: Ballatore Andrea , Cavazzi Stefano , Morley Jeremy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLeisure walking has known benefits to public health, from both physical and psychological viewpoints. Complementing traditional print information sources, dedicated online platforms and apps provide tools to search, discover, plan and share routes. While walking routes are highly heterogeneous in terms of their properties and geographical context, current platforms adopt simple representations of basic attributes. In this article, we report on a research project at the Ordnance Survey on the representation and recommendation of walking routes, which comprises the following contributions. Firstly, we outline a theoretical framework of leisure walking, intersecting its individual, social and environmental dimensions. Secondly, analysing about 4 million user‐generated walking routes produced in Great Britain, we characterise routes combining primary attributes and contextual information, including land cover and points of interest. Thirdly, by applying unsupervised learning to this data model, we produce the Walking Route Classification. This classification is methodologically similar to geo‐demographic classifications and identifies groups and supergroups of similar routes in a large multidimensional attribute space. This body of work is evaluated through a survey and a focus group with experts, showing encouraging results.
The effect of self‐leadership training on detached concern and the proactivity of human service professionals
Authors: Botke Jolanda A. , van Woerkom Marianne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a field experiment with a self‐leadership training aimed at helping human service professionals to improve their detached concern and proactivity. Whereas detached concern refers to a state in which human service professionals blend compassion with emotional distance in their interaction with clients, proactivity refers to self‐starting and change‐oriented behaviour to enhance personal or organizational effectiveness. Based on self‐leadership theory, we hypothesized that self‐leadership training can enhance detached concern and proactivity. Moreover, based on behavioural plasticity theory, we hypothesized that training participants who are low in occupational self‐efficacy are more susceptible to the external influence of self‐leadership training, than individuals with higher levels of occupational self‐efficacy. We conducted a field experiment with a sample of 223 human service professionals who were either assigned to a training group (n = 94), or a wait‐list control group (n = 129). In a 3‐month follow‐up study, we found that self‐leadership training had a positive effect on detached concern and that the intervention was especially effective for participants with low to medium initial levels of pretraining occupational self‐efficacy. However, the intervention did not affect participants' level of proactivity. This study adds to the literature on workplace learning by demonstrating the potential of a self‐leadership training for the transfer maintenance of newly developed soft skills (i.e., detached concern and proactive behaviour) to the workplace and by pinpointing occupational self‐efficacy as an individual predisposition that influences training success.
Spectrum and classification of megameatus anomalies
Authors: Baky Fahmy Mohamed A. , Shebl Salah E. , Gad Dalia , Othman Doa , Elsadek Menan 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo define and classify megameatus anomalies, the parameters of a considerable number of cases were investigated and compared with those of normal children.MethodsA total of 1150 normal babies were examined during routine nonmedical circumcision, and another 750 boys referred with hypospadias were examined during the previous 3 years. All patients were evaluated and assessed for the size, location, and configuration of the urinary meatus, and penile length and girth were measured. Children with normal size and location of the meatus were considered control group A, and 42 cases of different forms of megameatus were considered group B. Other penoscrotal, urinary, and general anomalies were examined and investigated accordingly. All data were analyzed by the SPSS 9.0.1 statistical package and compared by paired t tests.ResultsForty‐two uncircumcised patients aged from 1 month to 4 years (mean 18 months) were diagnosed with a urinary meatus that engrossed the whole ventral or dorsal aspects of the glans, exceeding half the width of the glans or penile girth with the complete vanishing of the glans closure in most cases. Megameatus is usually associated with the abnormal meatal position as hypospadiac, orthotopic, or epispadic. Additionally, megameatus may be associated with a normally intact or deficient prepuce. Consequently, we had four categories of megameatus, and the intact prepuce orthotopic megameatus subcategory has not been described before. Megameatus was also detected with deficient prepuce, and this was considered a hypospadiac variant.ConclusionMegameatus is diagnosed precisely with penile biometry and is classified into 4 groups: hypospadiac, epispadic, and orthotopic or central, either with or without intact prepuce. This classification is applicable for expansion to other centers.
Inflammatory biomarkers in sebum for identifying skin damage in patients with a Stage I pressure ulcer in the pelvic region: A single centre observational, longitudinal cohort study with elderly patients
Authors: Jayabal Hemalatha , Abiakam Nkemjika S. , Filingeri Davide , Bader Dan L. , Worsley Peter R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPressure Ulcers (PU) are a major burden for affected patients and healthcare providers. Current detection methods involve visual assessments of the skin by healthcare professionals. This has been shown to be subjective and unreliable, with challenges associated with identifying erythema in darker colour skin. Although there exists a number of promising non‐invasive biophysical techniques such as ultrasound, capacitance measurements, and thermography, the present study focuses on directly measuring the changes in the inflammatory status of the skin and underlying tissues. Therefore, in this study, we aim to analyse inflammatory cytokines collected through non‐invasive sampling techniques to detect early signs of skin damage. Thirty hospitalised patients presenting with Stage I PU were recruited to evaluate the inflammatory response of skin at the site of damage and an adjacent healthy control site. Sebutapes were collected over three sessions to investigate the temporal changes in the inflammatory response. The panel of cytokines investigated included high‐abundance cytokines, namely, IL‐1α and IL‐1RA, and low abundance cytokines; IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, INF‐γ, IL‐33, IL‐1β and G‐CSF. Spatial and temporal differences between sites were assessed and thresholds were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker. The results suggest significant (P < .05) spatial changes in the inflammatory response, with upregulation of IL‐1α, IL‐8, and G‐CSF as well as down‐regulation of IL‐1RA over the Stage I PU compared with the adjacent control site. There were no significant temporal differences between the three sessions. Selected cytokines, namely, IL‐1α, IL‐1RA, IL‐8, G‐CSF, and the ratio IL‐1α/IL‐1RA offered clear delineation in the classification of healthy and Stage‐I PU skin sites, with receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity. There were limited influences of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the biomarker response. Inflammatory markers provided a high level of discrimination between the sites presenting with Stage I PU and an adjacent healthy skin site, in a cohort of elderly inpatients. Indeed, the ratio of IL‐1α to IL‐1RA provided the highest sensitivity and specificity, indicative that inflammatory homeostasis is affected at the PU site. There was a marginal influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, demonstrating the localised effects of the inflammation. Further studies are required to investigate the potential of inflammatory cytokines incorporated within Point of Care technologies, to support routine clinical use.
Splint‐free line drawing model: An innovative method for excisional wound models
Authors: Yang Yi , Xie Wenjun , Li Shiyi , Sun Xuer , Yu Boya , Fu Huijuan , Chen Minliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe physiological phenomenon of wound contraction in mice cannot completely imitate the process of human skin regeneration, which is primarily attributed to reepithelialisation. As such, excisional wound models in mice are considered to be imperfect comparisons. This study aimed to enhance the correlation of mouse excisional wound models with that of humans, and to offer more practical and accurate ways to record and measure wound areas. We present evidence that simple excisional wounds produce a robust and stable wound model by comparing splint‐free and splint groups. We monitored reepithelialisation and contraction in the C57BL/6J mouse excision wound model at different time points and prove that excisional wounds heal by both contraction and reepithelialisation. Some parameters were measured and a formula was used to calculate the area of wound reepithelialisation and contraction. In our results, reepithelialisation accounted for 46% of the wound closure of full‐thickness excisional wounds. In conclusion, excisional wound models can be used as wound‐healing models and a straightforward formula may be used to determine the process of reepithelialisation over a wound bed created by a simple excisional rodent wound model.
The mirror viewing experience of women undergoing a mastectomy: An integrative review
Authors: Tyner Tracy E. , Freysteinson Wyona M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo appraise the current literature on the mirror viewing experience of women undergoing a mastectomy.DesignWhittemore and Knafl's approach to integrative reviews, Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis, and PRISMA guidelines were utilized for this review.Data SourcesA systematic search of primary peer‐reviewed articles from April 2012 to 2022 was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete and Google Scholar databases.Review MethodsEighteen studies met the inclusion criteria (15 qualitative and 3 quantitative) and were appraised using the Johns Hopkins evidence‐based practice appraisal instrument.ResultsFive themes describing the mirror viewing experience were revealed: Mirror viewing motives, mirror viewing preparedness, mirror viewing experience, mirror comfort/avoidance and women's mirror viewing recommendations.ConclusionThe review findings were found to align with Freysteinson's Neurocognitive Mirror Viewing Model highlighting the occurrence of short‐term memory disruptions and an autonomic nervous system response that can lead women to experience a flight/fright or faint response, mirror trauma and mirror avoidance when looking at themselves in the mirror after a mastectomy.ImpactWomen reported feeling unprepared to look at themselves in the mirror, with some experiencing shock and emotional distress, which led to mirror avoidance behaviours as a way to cope with their new body image. Nursing interventions aimed at improving women's mirror viewing experiences may help mitigate this autonomic nervous system response and minimize mirror trauma and mirror avoidance. Preparing women to view themselves in the mirror for the first time may help reduce psychological distress and body image disturbances in women undergoing a mastectomy.No Patient or Public ContributionThis integrative review did not involve patient or public contributions. The authors reviewed currently published peer‐reviewed literature in writing this manuscript.
Effect of transverse thoracic muscle plane block on postoperative cognitive dysfunction after open cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Chen Shibiao , Zhang Hua , Zhang Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe transversus thoracis muscle plane (TTMP) block provides effective analgesia in cardiac surgery patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether bilateral TTMP blocks can reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. A group of 103 patients were randomly divided into the TTM group (n = 52) and the PLA (placebo) group (n = 51). The primary endpoint was the incidence of POCD at 1 week after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included a reduction of intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) >20% from baseline, intraoperative and postoperative sufentanil consumption, length of stay in the ICU, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), time to first faeces, postoperative pain at 24 h after surgery, time to extubation and the length of hospital stay. Interleukin (IL)‐6, TNF‐α, S‐100β, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance were measured at before induction of anaesthesia, 1, 3and 7 days after surgery. The MoCA scores were significantly lower and the incidence of POCD decreased significantly in TTM group compared with PLA group at 7 days after surgery. Perioperative sufentanil consumption, the incidence of PONV and intraoperative MAP reduction >20% from baseline, length of stay in the ICU, postoperative pain at 24 h after surgery, time to extubation and the length of hospital stay were significantly decreased in the TTM group. Postoperatively, IL‐6, TNF‐α, S‐100β, HOMA‐IR, insulin, glucose levels increased and the TTM group had a lower degree than the PLA group at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. In summary, bilateral TTMP blocks could improve postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.
Does preschool executive control mediate the impact of early environmental unpredictability and deprivation on the general factor of psychopathology a decade later?
Authors: Phillips Eric M. , Brock Rebecca L. , James Tiffany D. , Nelson Jennifer Mize , Mason W. Alex , Espy Kimberly Andrews , Nelson Timothy D. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAlthough deprivation has been consistently shown to increase risk for psychopathology through impaired executive control, the unique effects of other dimensions of early adversity, such as unpredictability, on executive control development are poorly understood. The current study evaluated whether deprivation and/or unpredictability early in life have unique effects on the general factor of psychopathology through impaired preschool executive control.MethodsParticipants included 312 children (51% female) oversampled for greater sociodemographic risk. Preschool executive control was measured using a battery of nine developmentally appropriate executive control tasks. Dimensions of adversity were measured with observational and caregiver assessments, and psychopathology was measured with caregiver and child reports.ResultsIn separate models, both deprivation and unpredictability had significant indirect effects on the adolescent general factor of psychopathology through impaired preschool executive control. However, when both dimensions of adversity were included simultaneously, early life deprivation, but not unpredictability, was uniquely associated with the general factor of psychopathology in adolescence through impaired preschool executive control.ConclusionsPreschool executive control appears to be a transdiagnostic mechanism through which deprivation, but not unpredictability, increases risk for the general factor of psychopathology in adolescence. Results elucidate potential transdiagnostic targets for intervention efforts aimed at reducing the development and maintenance of psychopathology across the life span.
Molecular mechanisms of the virulence and efficacy of a highly virulent Vibrio anguillarum strain and its formalin‐inactivated vaccine in rainbow trout
Authors: Lim Jongwon , Jang Yoonyoung , Han Hyun‐Ja , Hong Suhee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we have isolated four strains of Vibrio anguillarum, revealing that they share the same serotype of O1, biochemical characteristics and virulence factor genes. However, there were differences in haemolytic activity among the bacterial strains; a strain with lower pathogenicity showed γ‐haemolytic activity, whereas other virulent strains showed α‐haemolytic activity on blood agar and higher empA gene expression in RTG‐2 cell line. The most virulent strain was V. anguillarum RTBHR from diseased masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou), which resulted in mortality of 100% and 93.3% when injected intraperitoneally at concentrations of 9 × 105 and 6.3 × 105 colony‐forming units/fish in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), respectively. A formalin‐inactivated vaccine of V. anguillarum RTBHR induced a protective and specific immunity in rainbow trout as the vaccinated fish exhibited low cumulative mortality in a challenge test and a high specific antibody response in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at 8 weeks post‐vaccination. The produced antibody was bound to bacterial proteins of 30–37 kDa in size. This adaptive immune response was detected as early as day 1, with quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealing the upregulated expression of genes encoding for TCRα, T‐bet, mIgM and sIgM in rainbow trout. This suggested that the vaccine induced T (probably a more dominant Th1 response) and B cell responses. In conclusion, the vaccine successfully protected fish from V. anguillarum infection by eliciting cellular and humoral immune responses.
Wage differences according to workers' origin: The role of working more upstream in GVCs
Authors: Fays Valentine , Mahy Benoît , Rycx François 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines the impact of a firm's position in Global Value Chains (GVCs) on wages according to workers' origin. Based on a unique linked employer–employee dataset regarding the Belgian manufacturing industry covering the 2002–2010 timespan, our estimates show that firms that are more upstream in the value chain pay on average significantly higher wages. However, the wage premium associated with upstreamness is also found to be unequally shared among workers. Unconditional quantile regressions and decomposition methods suggest that high‐wage workers born in developed countries benefit the most from being employed higher up the value chain, while workers born in developing countries appear to be unfairly rewarded.
Conditional intentions and shared agency
Authors: Rachar Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShared agency is a distinctive kind of sociality that involves interdependent planning, practical reasoning, and action between participants. Philosophical reflection suggests that agents engage in this form of sociality when a special structure of interrelated psychological attitudes exists between them, a set of attitudes that constitutes a collective intention. I defend a new way to understand collective intention as a combination of individual conditional intentions. Revising an initial statement of the conditional intention account in response to several challenges leads to a specification of the properties these intentions need to have in order to be genuine commitments. I then show how a structure of conditional intentions with these properties settles a collection of agents on engaging in social interactions that display all the features typically associated with shared agency.
From the basics to emerging diagnostic technologies: What is on the horizon for tilapia disease diagnostics?
Authors: Dong Ha Thanh , Chaijarasphong Thawatchai , Barnes Andrew C. , Delamare‐Deboutteville Jérôme , Lee Peiyu Alison , Senapin Saengchan , Mohan Chadag Vishnumurthy , Tang Kathy F. J. , McGladdery Sharon E. , Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTilapia is an affordable protein source farmed in over 140 countries with the majority of production in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Intensification of tilapia farming has exacerbated losses caused by emerging and re‐emerging infectious diseases. Disease diagnostics play a crucial role in biosecurity and health management to mitigate disease loss and improve animal welfare in aquaculture. Three continuous levels of diagnostics (I, II and III) for aquatic species have been proposed by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia and the Pacific (NACA) to promote the integration of basic and advanced methods to achieve accurate and meaningful interpretation of diagnostic results. However, the recent proliferation of cutting‐edge molecular methods applied in the diagnosis of diseases of aquacultured animals has shifted the focus of researchers and users away from basic approaches and toward molecular diagnostics, despite the fact that many diseases can be rapidly diagnosed using inexpensive, simple microscopic examination and that most emerging diseases in aquaculture were discovered by histopathology. This review, therefore, revisits and highlights the importance of the three levels of diagnostics for diseases of tilapia, particularly the frequently overlooked basic procedures (e.g., case history records, gross pathology, presumptive diagnostic methods and histopathology). The review also covers current and emerging molecular diagnostic technologies for tilapia pathogens including polymerase chain reaction methods (conventional, quantitative, digital), isothermal amplification methods Loop‐mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based detection, lateral flow immunoassays, as well as discussing what is on the horizon for tilapia disease diagnostics (next generation sequencing, artificial intelligence, environmental Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and point‐of‐care testing) providing a future vision for transferring these technologies to farmers and stakeholders for a sustainable aquatic food system transformation.
The impact of radiation caries on morbidity and mortality outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Palmier Natália Rangel , Prado‐Ribeiro Ana Carolina , Mariz Bruno Augusto Linhares Almeida , Rodrigues‐Oliveira Letícia , Paglioni Mariana de Pauli , Napimoga Juliana Trindade Clemente , Pedroso Caique Mariano , Morais‐Faria Karina , Oliveira Maria Cecília Querido de , Vechiato‐Filho Aljomar José , Brandão Thaís Bianca , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsRadiation caries (RC) is a highly prevalent and chronic complication of head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) and presents a challenge for clinicians and patients. The present study aimed to assess the impact of RC on the morbidity and mortality outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.Methods and ResultsPatients were divided into three groups: (1) RC (n = 20), (2) control (n = 20), and (3) edentulous (n = 20). Information regarding the number of appointments, dental procedures, osteoradionecrosis (ORN), prescriptions, and hospital admissions were collected. Mortality outcomes were assessed through disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. RC patients required more dental appointments (p < .001), restorations (p < .001), extractions (p = .001), and antibiotic and analgesic prescriptions (p < .001). Kaplan–Meier subgroup analyses showed a significantly increased risk of ORN in RC compared to edentulous patients (p = .015). RC patients presented lower DFS rates (43.2 months) than the control and edentulous groups (55.4 and 56.1 months, respectively).ConclusionsRC impacts morbidity outcomes among cancer survivors due to increased demand for medication prescriptions, multiple specialized dental appointments, invasive surgical treatments, increased risk of ORN, and increased need for hospital admissions.