bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA therapeutics for epilepsy: An emerging modality for drug discovery
Authors: Hansen Stine N. , Holm Anja , Kauppinen Sakari , Klitgaard Henrik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDrug discovery in epilepsy began with the finding of potassium bromide by Sir Charles Locock in 1857. The following century witnessed the introduction of phenotypic screening tests for discovering antiseizure medications (ASMs). Despite the high success rate of developing ASMs, they have so far failed in eliminating drug resistance and in delivering disease‐modifying treatments. This emphasizes the need for new drug discovery strategies in epilepsy. RNA‐based drugs have recently shown promise as a new modality with the potential of providing disease modification and counteracting drug resistance in epilepsy. RNA therapeutics can be directed either toward noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and circular RNAs, or toward messenger RNAs. The former show promise in sporadic, nongenetic epilepsies, as interference with ncRNAs allows for modulation of entire disease pathways, whereas the latter seem more promising in monogenic childhood epilepsies. Here, we describe therapeutic strategies for modulating disease‐associated RNA molecules and highlight the potential of RNA therapeutics for the treatment of different patient populations such as sporadic, drug‐resistant epilepsy, and childhood monogenic epilepsies.
Detection of equine herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) in urine samples during outbreaks of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy
Authors: Velloso Alvarez Ana , Jose‐Cunilleras E. , Dorrego‐Rodriguez Abel , Santiago‐Llorente Isabel , de la Cuesta‐Torrado Maria , Troya‐Portillo Lucas , Rivera Belen , Vitale Valentina , de Juan Lucia , Cruz‐Lopez Fatima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundReal‐time PCR is the diagnostic technique of choice for the diagnosis and control of equine herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) in an outbreak setting. The presence of EHV‐1 in nasal swabs (NS), whole blood, brain and spinal cord samples has been extensively described; however, there are no reports on the excretion of EHV‐1 in urine, its DNA detection patterns, and the role of urine in viral spread during an outbreak.ObjectivesTo determine the presence of EHV‐1 DNA in urine during natural infection and to compare the DNA detection patterns of EHV‐1 in urine, buffy coat (BC) and NS.Study designDescriptive study of natural infection.MethodsUrine and whole blood/NS samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation of 21 horses involved in two EHV‐1 myeloencephalopathy outbreaks in 2021 and 2023 in Spain. Quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to compare the viral DNA load between BC‐urine samples in 2021 and NS‐urine samples in 2023. Sex, age, breed, presence of neurological signs, EHV‐1 vaccination status and treatment data were recorded for all horses.ResultsA total of 18 hospitalised horses during the 2021 and 2023 outbreaks were positive for EHV‐1, and viral DNA was detected in urine samples from a total of 11 horses in both outbreaks. Compared with BC samples, DNA presence was detected in urine samples for longer duration and with slightly higher concentration; however, compared with NS, detection of EHV‐1 in urine was similar in duration with lower DNA concentrations.Main limitationsLimited sample size, different sampling times and protocols (BC vs. NS) in two natural infection outbreak settings.ConclusionsEHV‐1 was detected in the urine from naturally infected horses. Urine should be considered as complimentary to blood and NS in diagnosis of EHV‐1 infection.
The state of astragaloside IV research: A bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Liu Ning , Ji Yansu , Liu Rui , Jin Xin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAstragaloside IV has emerged as a pharmaceutical monomer with great medical applications and potential. Astragaloside IV has many effects such as improving myocardial ischemia, cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, promoting lymphocyte proliferation, and antitumor effects. However, there are few bibliometric studies on astragaloside IV.ObjectivesWe aim to visualize the hotspots and trends in astragaloside IV research through bibliometric analysis to further understand the future development of basic and clinical research.Methods The articles and reviews on astragaloside IV were screened from the Web of Science Core Collection, and knowledge maps were generated using CiteSpace software. Bibliometric analysis was performed on 971 articles published from 1998 to 2022.ResultsThe number of articles on astragaloside IV increased yearly. These publications came from 42 countries/regions, with China being the largest. The primary research institutions were Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology was the most studied journal and co‐cited journal. A total of 473 authors were included, among which Hongxin Wang had the highest number of publications and Zhang Wd had the highest total citation frequency. After analysis, the most common keywords are astragaloside IV, expression, and oxidative stress. Cardiovascular disease, cerebral ischemia, cancer, and kidney disease are current and developing research fields.ConclusionThis study used bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the research hotspots and trends of astragaloside IV. Astragaloside IV on ischemia–reperfusion injury, cancer, and tumor may become the focus of future research.
Novel tetrahydrofolate‐dependent d‐serine dehydratase activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferases
Authors: Miyamoto Tetsuya , Fushinobu Shinya , Saitoh Yasuaki , Sekine Masae , Katane Masumi , Sakai‐Kato Kumiko , Homma Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

d‐Serine plays vital physiological roles in the functional regulation of the mammalian brain, where it is produced from l‐serine by serine racemase and degraded by d‐amino acid oxidase. In the present study, we identified a new d‐serine metabolizing activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) in bacteria as well as mammals. SHMT is known to catalyze the conversion of l‐serine and tetrahydrofolate (THF) to glycine and 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate, respectively. In addition, we found that human and Escherichia coli SHMTs have d‐serine dehydratase activity, which degrades d‐serine to pyruvate and ammonia. We characterized this enzymatic activity along with canonical SHMT activity. Intriguingly, SHMT required THF to catalyze d‐serine dehydration and did not exhibit dehydratase activity toward l‐serine. Furthermore, SHMT did not use d‐serine as a substrate in the canonical hydroxymethyltransferase reaction. The d‐serine dehydratase activities of two isozymes of human SHMT were inhibited in the presence of a high concentration of THF, whereas that of E. coli SHMT was increased. The pH and temperature profiles of d‐serine dehydratase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase activities of these three SHMTs were partially distinct. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of dehydratase activity was lower than that of hydroxymethyltransferase activity. Nevertheless, the d‐serine dehydratase activity of SHMT was physiologically important because d‐serine inhibited the growth of an SHMT deletion mutant of E. coli, ∆glyA, more than that of the wild‐type strain. Collectively, these results suggest that SHMT is involved not only in l‐ but also in d‐serine metabolism through the degradation of d‐serine.
A Miner's rule based fatigue life prediction model for combined high and low cycle fatigue considering loading interaction effect
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Hou Jun , Guo Hui , Wang Yansong , Sun Yujuan , Teng Bing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe key components in service, such as aero‐engine turbine blades, are generally bearing complex interactions of high and low cycle fatigue loading. It is essential to make accurate fatigue life predictions for these components. In this paper, based on experimental analysis and the Miner's rule, a combined cycle fatigue life prediction model is proposed. The effect of the loading interaction of the high and low cycle fatigue is considered through the coupled damage, which is proposed based on the investigation of the fatigue test results and does not require additional material constants except for the S‐N curve parameters. The applicability of the proposed model is validated by the experimental data of three materials and the turbine blade. Compared with the T‐K model and Miner's rule, the results demonstrate that the proposed model provides high precision accuracy.
Increasing winter temperatures explain body size decrease in wintering bird populations of Northern Europe—But response patterns vary along the spatioclimatic gradient
Authors: Bosco Laura , Otterbeck Andreas , Fransson Thord , Lindén Andreas , Piha Markus , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimRecent evidence has shown changes in body size and shape of individuals, which are suggested to be a result of global warming caused by climate change. Here, we explored the spatiotemporal changes in wing length and body mass of 24 wintering bird species in Northern Europe and how these relate to temperature anomaly.LocationFinland and Sweden, Europe.Time Period50 years, 1970 to 2020.Major Taxa StudiedBirds, 24 species.MethodsWe used site‐specific, long‐term winter ringing data containing wing length and body mass measurements from across Sweden and Finland for 24 bird species. We modelled wing length and body mass change over time, in relation to the spatioclimatic gradient and as response to temperature anomalies (of [i] the same winter as the ringing took place, [ii] the previous winter and [iii] the previous spring) by accounting for phylogenetic relatedness between species and their species‐specific responses to each predictor of interest.ResultsWe show that across all species, body size has decreased since the 1970s, with a negative relationship between wing length and temperature anomalies of previous winters, suggesting carry‐over effects likely linked to body size‐related survival or dispersal. Body mass was negatively related to the temperature anomaly of the same winter, indicating more immediate effects related to reduced fat reserves during mild winters.Main ConclusionsOur results highlight a climate‐driven decrease in body size across several species and its association with positive anomalies in winter temperature in the high latitudes. However, the responses are not spatially uniform and there is considerable species‐specific variation, emphasizing the importance of conducting multispecies studies when investigating responses to climate change. The mechanisms of decreasing wing length and body mass seem to differ and underline the immediate and carry‐over effects of temperature warming during the nonbreeding season.
Nutrient use by tropical ant communities varies among three extensive elevational gradients: A cross‐continental comparison
Authors: Moses Jimmy , Peters Marcell K. , Tiede Yvonne , Mottl Ondrej , Donoso David A. , Farwig Nina , Fayle Tom M. , Novotny Vojtech , Sanders Nathan J. , Klimes Petr 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimMany studies demonstrate that climate limits invertebrates along tropical elevational gradients, but we have only a rudimentary understanding of the role of nutrient limitation and climatic seasonality. Here we examined the relationships between ant community structure, nutrient use and season along three undisturbed elevational gradients, each from a different continent.LocationEcuador (South America), Papua New Guinea (PNG: Oceania), Tanzania (Africa).Time period2011–2014.Major taxa studiedAnts.MethodsAlong each of the three gradients, we placed six distinct nutrient types (amino acid, sucrose, sucrose + amino acid, lipid, NaCl, H2O). In total, we distributed 2370 baits at 38 sites from 203 m to 3972 m. We used generalized linear models to test for the effects of elevation and season on ant species richness and activity and relative nutrient use. We also tested if changes in ant trophic guilds corresponded to changes in the use of particular nutrients.ResultsBoth species richness and activity decreased with elevation along each gradient. However, there were significant interaction effects among elevation, region and season, as ant activity in the dry season was higher in Ecuador and Tanzania but lower in PNG. Relative nutrient use varied among regions: ant preference for some nutrients changed with increasing elevation in Ecuador (decrease in lipid use) and Tanzania (decrease in amino acid and H2O use), while season affected nutrient use in PNG. There were common trends in trophic guilds along the three elevational gradients (e.g. proportional increase of predators), but these did not explain most of the nutrient use patterns.Main conclusionWhile the structure of ant communities changed similarly with elevation, both the seasonal and elevational effects on nutrient use by ants differed between continents. We argue that regional differences in climate and nutrient availability rather than ant functional composition shape nutrient use by ants.
Re‐centring class‐making across borders at various durées: Translocational optic, coloniality of class theory and multi‐scalar capitalist dynamics
Authors: Amelina Anna , Schäfer Jana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSociological research on cross‐border class‐making often centres on contemporary dynamics of social inequality in the context of migration and mobility. Relying on the cultural–sociological and processual understanding of 'class', the article integrates three bodies of literature to study complexities of global and transnational class‐making to overcome the 'presentist' bias. Building on the accounts of the Annales School, and specifically on Fernand Braudel's famous distinction between courte durée, moyenne durée and longue durée of historic time periods, the article brings together three different bodies of research: (i) transnational and intersectional approaches; (ii) conceptual history of class theory and (iii) theories of racial and multi‐scalar capitalist dynamics to develop a flexible and relational, but historic‐sensitive toolkit for the analysis of global and transnational class‐making. One of the greatest advantages of this multi‐temporal outlook is that it allows to avoid over‐generalizing accounts on the logics of class‐making and to unpick potentially heterogeneous dynamics of class (re)production.
Populism and administrative dysfunction: The impact of U. S. government shutdowns on personnel and policy implementation
Authors: Resh William , Ahn Yongjin , Moynihan Donald 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe examine the implications of anti‐statist populist leaders' inattention to competence and service delivery, and their embrace of a particular form of dysfunctional politics: government shutdowns. This paper explores the effects of US government shutdowns on agency policy implementation and personnel and using survey data from several hundred thousand federal employees. The first study gauges the effect of the 2018–2019 shutdown on specific elements of agency policy implementation. The results suggest that shutdowns, as a type of shock associated with anti‐statist politics, undermine the quality of government in the eyes of those closest to the work. The second and third studies consider the effect of shutdowns on employee morale, using the 2013, and 2018–2019 shutdown. While our findings indicate that the 2013 shutdown wrought durable negative impacts on the morale of shutdown agency personnel, that event appears to have prepared agencies to absorb any negative morale impacts in the 2018–2019 shutdown. Our study shows both the immediate and long‐term dynamics of government shutdowns on policy implementation and the administrative workforce.
Comprehensive analyses of the clinicopathological features and genomic mutations of combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ito Takashi , Ishii Takamichi , Takeda Haruhiko , Sumiyoshi Shinji , Tomofuji Katsuhiro , Wakama Satoshi , Makino Kenta , Horie Hiroshi , Kumagai Ken , Takai Atsushi , Uebayashi Elena Yukie , Ogiso Satoshi , Fukumitsu Ken , Haga Hironori , Seno Hiroshi , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimCombined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA) is a rare primary liver cancer that has two different tumor phenotypes in a single tumor nodule. The relationship between genetic mutations and clinicopathological features of cHCC‐CCA remains to be elucidated.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing analyses were carried out in 13 primary and 2 recurrent cHCC‐CCAs. The whole‐exome analyses and clinicopathological information were integrated.ResultsTP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in this cohort, followed by BAP1, IDH1/2, and NFE2L2 mutations in multiple cases. All tumors with diameters <3 cm had TP53 mutations. In contrast, six of seven tumors with diameters ≥3 cm did not have TP53 mutations, but all seven tumors had mutations in genes associated with various pathways, including Wnt, RAS/PI3K, and epigenetic modulators. In the signature analysis, the pattern of mutations shown in the TP53 mutation group tended to be more similar to HCC than the TP53 nonmutation group. Mutations in recurrent cHCC‐CCA tumors were frequently identical to those in the primary tumor, suggesting that those tumors originated from identical clones of the primary cHCC‐CCA tumors. Recurrent and co‐occurrent HCC tumors in the same patients with cHCC‐CCA had either common or different mutation patterns from the primary cHCC‐CCA tumors in each case.ConclusionsThe study suggested that there were two subtypes of cHCC‐CCA, one involving TP53 mutations in the early stage of the carcinogenic process and the other not involving such mutations. The comparison of the variants between primary and recurrent tumors suggested that cHCC‐CCA was derived from an identical clone.
Effects of 1,3‐propanediol associated, or not, with butylene glycol and/or glycerol on skin hydration and skin barrier function
Authors: Pinto Juliana Rodrigues , Monteiro e Silva Silas Arandas , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effect of 1,3‐propanediol at different concentrations (5%, 10%, or 15%), either applied alone or in combination with butylene glycol (BG) (5%) and/or glycerol (5%), on skin hydration and skin barrier function. The measurements were conducted using capacitance to determine skin hydration and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) rates to evaluate skin barrier function.MethodsA total of 30 healthy female subjects participated in the study. Capacitance and TEWL measurements were conducted at multiple time points, including before application and at 15 min, 2 and 8 h after the humectants were applied to the forearms of the subjects. All the subjects provided written informed consent.ResultsThe 1,3‐propanediol in all concentrations and in all combinations (with BG and/or glycerol) increased skin hydration and improved skin barrier function 15 min, 2 and 8 h after application. Glycerol increased the hydration performance of 1,3‐propanediol. The application of 1,3‐propanediol at a concentration of 15%, either alone or in combination with other humectants, reduced the TEWL to a greater extent than lower concentrations of 1,3‐propanediol. Furthermore, the addition of glycerol to 1,3‐propanediol 15% improved the skin barrier and reduced TEWL when compared with 1,3‐propanediol alone and with the combination of 1,3‐propanediol + BG.ConclusionThe humectants significantly improved skin hydration and reduced TEWL throughout the 8‐h time course. The increase in 1,3‐propanediol concentration, as well as its combination with glycerol, provided a greater benefit to the skin, improving both hydration and the skin barrier function.
Synthesis of h‐BN composite powders via aluminothermic reduction combustion route
Authors: Zheng Xin , Xiao Guoqing , Li Yanjun , Ding Donghai , Jin Endong , Lei Changkun 
Published: September 2023

Abstracth‐BN composite powders were prepared by an aluminothermic reduction combustion synthesis route using a mixture of B2O3 and Al as raw material, and MgO as diluent under low‐pressure nitrogen (.6 MPa). The phase transformation and structural evaluation during the combustion synthesis were investigated. Samples with B2O3 to Al molar ratio of 1:6 exhibited the highest diffraction peaks of h‐BN, in which the phases are h‐BN, Al2O3·7AlN, AlN, and MgAlON spinel phase. The combustion wave quenching test revealed that h‐BN is mainly formed via following routes: first, Al reacts with nitrogen; then the resulting AlN reacts with B2O3 to form h‐BN. Due to solid solution formation between Al2O3, AlN, and MgO, both MgAlON and Al2O3·7AlN were formed in the resulting samples. The composite powders obtained by aluminothermic reduction combustion synthesis in this work exhibit potential application in refractories industry for replacing graphite in carbon‐containing refractories.
Ecthyma gangrenosum in pediatric patients: 10‐year experience at the National Institute of Pediatrics
Authors: García‐López Constanza , Medina‐Vera Isabel , Orozco‐Covarrubias Luz , Saez‐de‐Ocariz Marimar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundEcthyma gangrenosum (EG) usually results from the hematogenous seeding of the skin in the setting of bacteremia, mostly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially in immunocompromised patients. It presents as erythematous‐violaceous macules, or plaques with surrounding erythema before rapidly progressing to bullae and necrotic‐ulcerative eschars.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of EG patients diagnosed at the National Institute of Pediatrics. Data included demographics, underlying disease, cutaneous lesions, location, evolution, microbiologic, histopathologic findings, and treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics; Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate differences between groups.ResultsSeventeen patients with a mean age of 12.5 (6–16) years were included. The most common underlying disease was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (59%), three patients were not immunocompromised (17%). A total of 18 episodes of EG were recorded, 10 (55%) were disseminated at presentation. Systemic manifestations included fever (100%), pain (88.9%), asthenia and adynamia (22.2%). P. aeruginosa was isolated in 10 (55%) cases, followed by Staphylococcus aureus in four. Three patients had sepsis at onset (17%). A comparison between localized versus disseminated, pseudomonal versus nonpseudomonal, and bacteremic versus nonbacteremic EG was performed with no statistical difference between any of the groups, except for longer treatment time for pseudomonal EG, and longer hospitalization days for both pseudomonal EG and bacteremia.ConclusionsFever and pain in the setting of rapidly evolving necrotic lesions should prompt the clinical suspicion of EG and the installment of empiric treatment pending culture results.