bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swarming and mate selection inAnopheles gambiaemosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Charlwood Jacques Derek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTreating both male and female Anopheles gambiae as if they are “boids” (a computer program that mimics flocking in birds) explains much of the swarming and mating behavior in this important group of malaria vectors. It is suggested that species specific swarm sites act as the mate recognition system in anophelines and it is proposed that virgin females respond to the swarm site per se rather than the swarm itself. Given the high operational sex ratio and the inability of any male to dominate all females within the swarm, it is considered that chance, rather than sexual selection, is the most important determinant of mating. The male being in the swarm may be a sufficiently strong signal to the female of his fitness, so that more elaborate sexual selection is unnecessary. The possibility of alternative mechanisms for mating may also exist but need to be investigated further. Given the importance of swarms as the isolating mechanism between species, emphasis should be placed on determining the characteristics of swarm sites and markers between them.
Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection in Children From a Third-Level Hospital in Mexico: Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Epidemiology
Authors: Castillo Bejarano José Iván , Llaca Díaz Jorge , e la O Cavazos Manuel Enrique , Sánchez Alanís Hugo , Mascareñas de los Santos Abiel Homero , Espinosa-Villaseñor Fernando , Aguayo Samaniego Rebeca , Siller Rodríguez Daniel , Casillas Vega Nestor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a threat to public health due to the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates. Information regarding the clinical and molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) infections in children is scarce. Our study aimed to describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of CRAB infections in children from a third-level center in Mexico.

Methods
Consecutive cases of CRAB infections were documented during 2017–2022. Clinical and demographic data were collected from clinical records. Mass spectrometry was used for the identification of the isolates. The identification of A. baumannii strains was confirmed by conducting a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the gyrB sequence. In addition, the carbapenemase-encoding resistance genes were detected by PCR.

Results
Twenty-one cases of CRAB infections were documented: 76% female and 62% were neonates. The median hospital length of stay at the time of positive culture was 37 days (interquartile range, 13–54). Sixty-four percent of the isolates were recovered from bronchial secretions. A co-resistance rate greater than 60% was observed for most groups of antibiotics. All carbapenem-resistant isolates carried blaOXA-24 genes. BlaIMP genes were detected in half of the cases, with all strains co-harboring blaOXA-24 genes.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated a high proportion of CRAB infections in the neonatal population, a high prevalence of co-resistance to antibiotics, and a high rate of isolates carrying blaOXA-24 and blaIMP genes. CRAB is a significant concern due to the mortality rate and the lack of therapeutic alternatives; implementing infection prevention and control programs is urgent to stop the spread of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii.
Managing thyroid cancer in Steinert's disease: the role of radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Solis-Pazmino Paola , Carvajal Mishel A , García Mikaela , Godoy Richard , Pazmino-Chavez Camila , Garcia Cristhian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive, non-surgical technique used to treat benign or microcarcinoma thyroid nodules (TN) that provides an alternative for patients considered high-risk candidates for surgery. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), also known as Steinert's Disease, is a multisystem disorder that affects various organs and tissues, including the thyroid. In this case, we presented a male patient diagnosed with DM1 who incidentally discovered a left TN with features indicative of thyroid cancer. Due to the patient's increased surgical risk associated with DM1, we opted for RFA as the treatment approach. In the follow-up, the TN decreased by 76.92% in size. The patient's thyroid function remained standard, with no reported complications or adverse effects post-treatment.
‘A Light in Sound, A Sound-Like Power in Light’: Coleridge’s Phenomenal Invisible
Authors: Rogers Abigail 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In a reading of ‘The Eolian Harp’ that draws briefly on ‘Frost at Midnight’, this article discusses Coleridge’s quest to do justice to the epiphanic potentialities of visual experience. In response to critical accounts of his metaphysics as imposed heavy-handedly upon reality, I reread Coleridge’s speculative reflections as both heuristic and responsive to something unequivocally real. Across these two poems, Coleridge transcribes his wonderstruck attunement to the visible world as replete with intimations of God. In doing so, the poet seeks a way of speaking about God that neither synonymises him with the world nor places him beyond the realm of phenomenal experience altogether.
Raining rocks: an analytical formulation for collision time-scales in planetary systems
Authors: Torres Santiago , Naoz Smadar , Li Gongjie , Rose Sanaea C 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The dynamical interaction of minor bodies (such as comets or asteroids) with planets plays an essential role in the planetary system’s architecture and evolution. As a result of these interactions, structures such as the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud can be created. In particular, the collision of minor bodies with planets can drastically change the planet’s internal and orbital evolution. We present an analytical formulation to determine the collision time-scale for a minor body to impact a planet for arbitrary geometry. By comparing with a suite of detailed N-body simulations and an analytical method for collision time-scales in the Solar system, we confirmed the accuracy of our analytical formulation. As a proof of concept, we focused on the collision time-scales of minor bodies similar to the Jupiter-family comets and the long-period comets with a Jupiter-like planet. We show that our analytical method yields in good agreement with the numerical simulations. The formalism presented here thus provides a succinct and accurate alternative to numerical calculations.
The profiles of bars in spiral galaxies
Authors: Erwin Peter , Debattista Victor P , Anderson Stuart Robert 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of major-axis surface-brightness profiles of bars in a volume-limited sample of 182 barred spiral galaxies, using Spitzer 3.6 $\mu$m images. Unlike most previous studies, we use the entire bar profile, and we classify profiles into four categories. These are ‘Peak+Shoulders’ (P+Sh) – updating the classic ‘flat bar’ profile – and three subtypes of the classic ‘exponential’ profile: (true) Exponential, ‘Two-Slope’ (shallow inner slope + steeper outer slope), and ‘Flat-Top’ (constant inner region, steep outer slope). P+Sh profiles are preferentially found in galaxies with high stellar masses, early Hubble types, red colours, and low gas fractions; the most significant factor is stellar mass, and previous correlations with Hubble type can be explained by the tendency of higher-mass galaxies to have earlier Hubble types. The most common type of non-P+Sh profile is Exponential, followed by Flat-Top profiles; all non-P+Sh profiles appear to have similar distributions of stellar mass, Hubble type, colour, and gas fraction. We also morphologically classify the bars of an inclined subsample into those with and without boxy/peanut-shaped (B/P) bulges; as previously reported, the presence of a B/P bulge is very strong function of stellar mass. Essentially all bars with B/P bulges have P+Sh profiles; we associate the profile shoulders with the outer, vertically thin part of the bar. We find a small number of P+Sh profiles in bars without clear B/P bulges, which may indicate that P+Sh formation precedes the formation of B/P bulges.
An Adjudication Protocol for Severe Pneumonia
Authors: Pickens Chiagozie I , Gao Catherine A , Bodner Justin , Walter James M , Kruser Jacqueline M , Donnelly Helen K , Donayre Alvaro , Clepp Katie , Borkowski Nicole , Wunderink Richard G , Singer Benjamin D ,   The NU SCRIPT Study Investigators
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Clinical end points that constitute successful treatment in severe pneumonia are difficult to ascertain and vulnerable to bias. The utility of a protocolized adjudication procedure to determine meaningful end points in severe pneumonia has not been well described.

Methods
This was a single-center prospective cohort study of patients with severe pneumonia admitted to the medical intensive care unit. The objective was to develop an adjudication protocol for severe bacterial and/or viral pneumonia. Each episode of pneumonia was independently reviewed by 2 pulmonary and critical care physicians. If a discrepancy occurred between the 2 adjudicators, a third adjudicator reviewed the case. If a discrepancy remained after all 3 adjudications, consensus was achieved through committee review.

Results
Evaluation of 784 pneumonia episodes during 593 hospitalizations achieved only 48.1% interobserver agreement between the first 2 adjudicators and 78.8% when agreement was defined as concordance between 2 of 3 adjudicators. Multiple episodes of pneumonia and presence of bacterial/viral coinfection in the initial pneumonia episode were associated with lower interobserver agreement. For an initial episode of bacterial pneumonia, patients with an adjudicated day 7–8 clinical impression of cure (compared with alternative impressions) were more likely to be discharged alive (odds ratio, 6.3; 95% CI, 3.5–11.6).

Conclusions
A comprehensive adjudication protocol to identify clinical end points in severe pneumonia resulted in only moderate interobserver agreement. An adjudicated end point of clinical cure by day 7–8 was associated with more favorable hospital discharge dispositions, suggesting that clinical cure by day 7–8 may be a valid end point to use in adjudication protocols.
Circulating biomarkers in perioperative management of cancer patients
Authors: Huang Qiyuan , Zhou Ruihao , Hao Xuechao , Zhang Weiyi , Chen Guo , Zhu Tao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Owing to the advances in surgical technology, most solid tumours can be controlled by surgical excision. The priority should be tumour control, while some routine perioperative management might influence cancer progression in an unnoticed way. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that effective perioperative management should include techniques to improve postoperative outcomes. These influences are elucidated by the different functions of circulating biomarkers in cancer patients. Here, circulating biomarkers with two types of clinical functions were reviewed: (i) circulating biomarkers for cancer progression monitoring, for instance, those related to cancer cell malignancy, tumour microenvironment formation, and early metastasis, and (ii) circulating biomarkers with relevance to postoperative outcomes, including systemic inflammation, immunosuppression, cognitive dysfunction, and pain management. This review aimed to provide new perspectives for the perioperative management of patients with cancer and highlight the potential clinical translation value of circulating biomarkers in improving outcomes.
Jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme allene oxide cyclase 2 mediates cold tolerance and pathogen resistance
Authors: Yang Lei , Sun Qiguo , Geng Bohao , Shi Jia , Zhu Haifeng , Sun Yanmei , Yang Qian , Yang Bo , Guo Zhenfei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Allene oxide cyclase (AOC) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), which is involved in plant growth and development as well as adaptation to environmental stresses. We identified the cold- and pathogen-responsive AOC2 gene from Medicago sativa subsp. falcata (MfAOC2) and its homolog MtAOC2 from Medicago truncatula. Heterologous expression of MfAOC2 in M. truncatula enhanced cold tolerance and resistance to the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, with greater accumulation of JA and higher transcript levels of JA downstream genes than in wild-type plants. In contrast, mutation of MtAOC2 reduced cold tolerance and pathogen resistance, with less accumulation of JA and lower transcript levels of JA downstream genes in the aoc2 mutant than in wild-type plants. The aoc2 phenotype and low levels of cold-responsive C-repeat-binding factor (CBF) transcripts could be rescued by expressing MfAOC2 in aoc2 plants or exogenous application of methyl jasmonate. Compared with wild-type plants, higher levels of CBF transcripts were observed in lines expressing MfAOC2 but lower levels of CBF transcripts were observed in the aoc2 mutant under cold conditions; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate–peroxidase activities as well as proline concentrations were higher in MfAOC2-expressing lines but lower in the aoc2 mutant. These results suggest that expression of MfAOC2 or MtAOC2 promotes biosynthesis of JA, which positively regulates expression of CBF genes and antioxidant defense under cold conditions and expression of JA downstream genes after pathogen infection, leading to greater cold tolerance and pathogen resistance.
The Body Recovery From Water Study: The application of science to missing person search
Authors: Dennison-Wilkins Lorna , Hackman Lucina , Hayatdavoodi Masoud 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Missing person behaviour datasets indicate that a significant proportion of those reported missing are subsequently found deceased in water. Despite this, information about how human bodies move in an aquatic environment is limited. Created by a serving police officer and police search advisor, this study involved the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data relating to deceased human bodies found in inland water. The analysis of this data was further enhanced by experimentation. The research aimed to identify factors that might affect body movement in water and to establish if these variables could determine search parameters more effectively and increase the chances of successful search operations and associated investigations. In this manuscript, the search and investigation approach is introduced and the key findings and implications of the application of natural sciences for police practice are discussed.
Physical and psychosocial characteristics differ between individuals with knee pain and different knee osteoarthritis diagnostic criteria
Authors: Tan Guo Jeng , Kioh Sheng Hui , Mat Sumaiyah , Chan Shirley H L , Lee Jacintha M Y , Tan Yee Wen , Tan Maw Pin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Knee pain and osteoarthritis (OA) are common and often lead to disability among older adults. Existing published evidence, however, utilizes differing criteria to define studies’ knee OA populations. We, therefore, aimed to determine whether differences exist in the characteristics of individuals with the presence of knee pain and different diagnostic criteria for knee OA.

Methods
The Promoting Independence in Seniors with Arthritis (PISA) study is a longitudinal observational study of individuals with and without knee pain and knee OA recruited from the orthopaedics clinic of the Universiti Malaya Medical Centre and the local hospital catchment. Patients were diagnosed with OA based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, the presence of knee pain, and a history of physician-diagnosed knee OA. Psychosocial parameters were measured using validated measures for social participation, independence, and ability to perform activities of daily living, and life satisfaction.

Results
Of the 230 included participants, mean age was 66.9 years (standard deviation: 7.2) and 166 (72.2%) were women. Kappa agreement between ACR criteria and knee pain was 0.525 and for ACR and physician-diagnosed OA it was 0.325. Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that weight, anxiety, and handgrip strength (HGS) were predictive of ACR OA. Knee pain was only predicted by HGS but not weight and anxiety. Physician-diagnosed OA was predicted by weight and HGS but not anxiety. HGS was predictive of ACR OA, knee pain, and physician-diagnosed OA.

Conclusion
Our study showed that the characteristics of patients with OA are different, physically and psychosocially, depending on the criteria used. Poor agreement was observed between radiological diagnosis and the other diagnostic criteria. Our findings have important implications for the interpretation and comparison of published studies using different OA criteria.

Key messages

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Using geospatial mapping to predict and compare gambling harm hotspots in urban, rural and coastal areas of a large county in England
Authors: Saunders Mike , Rogers Jim , Roberts Amanda , Gavens Lucy , Huntley Phil , Midgley Sarah 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Disordered gambling is a public health problem with interconnections with health and social inequality, and adverse impacts on physical and mental health. Mapping technologies have been used to explore gambling in the UK, though most were based in urban locations.

Methods
We used routine data sources and geospatial mapping software to predict where gambling related harm would be most prevalent within a large English county, host to urban, rural and coastal communities.

Results
Licensed gambling premises were most concentrated in areas of deprivation, and in urban and coastal areas. The aggregate prevalence of disordered gambling associated characteristics was also greatest in these areas.

Conclusions
This mapping study links the number of gambling premises, deprivation, and risk factors for disordered gambling, and highlights that coastal areas see particularly high density of gambling premises. Findings can be applied to target resources to where they are most needed.
The impact of floor space allowance and dietary energy level on finishing pigs, from 65 to 120 kg, on growth performance
Authors: Hagen Chloe S , Peterson Beau , Parr Eric , Estrada Jorge , Silva Gustavo , Greiner Laura L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of lowering floor space allowance in finishing hogs from 65 to 120 kg when fed high- vs. low-energy diets on growth performance. Eighty-eight mixed-sex pens with 24 ± 1 pigs per pen were randomly assigned by weight in a complete block design to one of eight treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with two energy levels: low (LE, 3267 ± 15 kcal/kg) vs. high (HE, 3389 ± 15 kcal/kg) accomplished through fat inclusion; and four floor space allowances: 0.6, 0.63, 0.65, and 0.67 m2/pig. Assigned floor space was accomplished by moveable gates in the rear of the pen which were adjusted at each pig removal until the marketing phase. Pen weight was measured at days 0, 29, and 48, with feed disappearance measured at days 29 and 48 to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed ratio (GF). Data were analyzed by pen (SAS 9.4, Cary, NC), as repeated measures, with the fixed effects of floor space allowance, dietary energy level, and the interaction between floor space allowance and energy level. For the overall experiment, decreased floor space had no effect (P &gt; 0.1) on ADG, ADFI, or GF. Energy had a significant effect (P &lt; 0.01) on ADFI (3.17 vs. 3.12 kg for LE and HE, respectively) and GF (0.35 and 0.36 for LE and HE, respectively), and tended to impact (P = 0.08) ADG (1.12 vs. 1.13 kg, for LE and HE, respectively). In conclusion, reducing space allowance from 0.67 m2 down to 0.6 m2 did not affect the growth performance of pigs from 65 to 120 kg. Pigs fed LE consumed more than the HE diets but had generally similar growth and no difference in body weight.
The effects of a nutritional packet (live yeast, vitamins C and B1, and electrolytes) offered to steers in a calf-fed system on growth performance, nutrient digestion, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and ruminal variables
Authors: Rush Camron J , Sarturi Jhones O , Huerta-Leidenz Nelson O , Woerner Dale R , Crossland Whitney L , Henry Darren D , Silva Kaliu G S , Lopez Alejandra M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Effects of a nutritional packet strategically offered to calf-fed system steers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, ruminal variables, and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Angus crossbred steer-calves (N = 60; body weight [BW] = 234 ± 4 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design (block = BW) and stratified into two treatments: 1) control; and 2) 30 g/steer-daily (dry matter [DM] basis) of a nutritional packet containing (steer-daily basis): Live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 1.7 × 1010 CFU), vitamin C (Ascorbic acid, 162 mg), vitamin B1 (thiamin hydrochloride, 400 mg), sodium chloride (2.4 g), and potassium chloride (2.4 g). Animals were offered (electronic feed-bunks [SmartFeed, C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD]), a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet to ad libitum (individual intake), once daily for 233 d. Treatments were offered during the first and last 60 days on feed (DOF). The GLIMMIX procedure of SAS was used, with steer as the experimental unit, treatment and phase (for feeding behavior and digestibility) as fixed effects, and BW-block as a random effect. Steers offered the nutritional packet had 14% less (P &lt; 0.01) intake and 18% greater (P = 0.01) feed efficiency during the initial 30 DOF. Intake (days 0 to 233) was 6% greater (P = 0.02) for steers offered the nutritional packet, while BW gain was not different (P ≥ 0.44). Greater (P = 0.02) dressing percent (61.1% vs. 62%) for steers offered the packet was observed, while other carcass variables were not different (P ≥ 0.33). Digestibility of DM, organic matter, and fiber were greater (P &lt; 0.01) for steers offered the packet. Steers offered the packet spent 13% less time eating during the first 60 DOF, while during the last 60 DOF a 14% greater meal frequency and 12.3% smaller mean meal size (treatment × phase interaction, P &lt; 0.02) were observed. Steers offered the packet had a reduced (P ≤ 0.01) mean meal duration during both phases. Regardless of treatment, a decreased rumination (P ≤ 0.03) and chewing (P ≤ 0.01) activities were observed for the last 60 DOF compared to the first 60 DOF. Ruminal papillae area was 30% greater (P = 0.02) and the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) tended (P = 0.09) to be greater for steers offered the nutritional packet. The nutritional packet offered to calf-fed steers improved feed efficiency during the initial 30 d after arrival, while inducing superior overall intake, nutrient digestibility, dressing percentage, ruminal papillae area, and total ruminal VFA.