bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chain ether-based electrolyte enables long-term continuous ammonia electrosynthesis
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Zhou Yuanyuan , Fu Xianbiao , Pedersen Jakob Bruun , Saccoccio Mattia , Andersen Suzanne Zamany , Enemark-Rasmussen Kasper , Xu Aoni , Sažinas Rokas , Mygind Jon Bjarke Valbæk , Deissler Niklas H. , Kibsgaard Jakob , Vesborg Peter Christian Kjærgaard , Nørskov Jens Kehlet , Chorkendorff Ib 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Ammonia is essential to the fertilizer and chemical industries and is seen as a carbon-free fuel1. The ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrogen under ambient conditions is an attractive alternative to the centralized Haber-Bosch process2,3. The lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction (Li-NRR) has been demonstrated as a promising approach for continuous-flow ammonia electrosynthesis, where nitrogen reduction is coupled with hydrogen oxidation4. This provides a genuine pathway for converting nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia, but the long-term ammonia production is impeded by the polymerization and volatility of ring ether-based solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF, with a boiling point of 66 °C), in a continuous-flow electrolyzer. Here we show that a chain ether-based electrolyte enables long-term continuous ammonia synthesis. We find that a chain ether-based solvent offers not only non-polymerization properties and high boiling point (162 °C) but also the formation of a compact solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the gas diffusion electrode (GDE), facilitating the release of produced ammonia in the gas phase and ensuring long-term stability of the electrolyte. We demonstrate 300 hours continuous operation in a flow electrolyzer at 1 bar and room temperature, and achieve a current-to-ammonia efficiency of 64% (repeated twice) with unprecedented gas phase ammonia of ~98%. Our work highlights the crucial role of the solvent in long-term continuous ammonia synthesis, and these findings will guide the development of a durable and efficient process for sustainable ammonia production.
Digitale Anthropologie neu denken
Authors: Boellstorff Tom 
Published: September 2023

Obwohl sie einst buchstäblich undenkbar und im günstigsten Fall ein Widerspruch in sich war, ist die „Digitale Anthropologie“ heute auf bestem Wege, eine vollwertige Teildisziplin zu werden — neben Formationen wie die der Rechtsanthropologie, der Medizinanthropologie und der Wirtschaftsanthropologie oder den Anthropologien der Migration, des Geschlechts und der Umwelt. Inzwischen gibt es Lehrveranstaltungen im Grund- und Aufbaustudium (ja sogar ganze Studiengänge), die mit der Ausbildung eines Kanons einhergehen, wenngleich ein Kanon, der im engen Dialog mit den Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaften, der Soziologie sowie anderen Disziplinen entsteht. Dieser Zeitpunkt sollte uns gelegen kommen, um die Inhalte und Entfaltungsmöglichkeiten einer Digitalen Anthropologie neu zu denken.
Dieser Text erschien ursprünglich als Rethinking Digital Anthropology im Sammelband Digital Anthropology, 2. Auflage, herausgegeben von Haidy Geismar und Hannah Knox (2021) bei Routledge. Wir danken Tom Boellstorff und dem Verlag für die freundliche Genehmigung der Übersetzung und Veröffentlichung in den KA Notizen 85. Timo Roßmann danken wir für die sorgfältige Übersetzung.
Small Molecule Inhibitors against the Bacterial Pathogen Brucella
Authors: Wu Yingnan , Guo Ye , Ma Yuheng , Yu Hui , Wang Zhanli 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Brucellosis remains one of the major zoonotic diseases worldwide. As a causative agent of brucellosis, it has many ways to evade recognition by the immune system, allowing it to replicate and multiply in the host, causing significant harm to both humans and animals. The pathogenic mechanism of Brucella has not been elucidated, making the identification of drug targets from the pathogenic mechanism a challenge. Metalloenzymatic targets and some protein targets unique to Brucella are exploitable in the development of inhibitors against this disease. The development of specific small molecule inhibitors is urgently needed for brucellosis treatment due to the antibiotic resistance of Brucella. This review summarizes the research on small molecule inhibitors of Brucella, which could be instructive for subsequent studies.
Molecular Complex of HSIM-loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: Potential
Carriers in Osteoporosis
Authors: Kaur Malkiet , Nagpal Manju , Grewal Amarjot Kaur , Chauhan Samrat , Dora Chander Parkash , Singh Thakur Gurjeet 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Statins, especially simvastatin promote bone formation by stimulating the
activity of osteoblasts and suppressing osteoclast activity via the BMP-Smad signaling pathway.
Statins present the liver first-pass metabolism. This study attempts to fabricate and evaluate simvastatin
functionalized hydroxyapatite encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles
(HSIM-PLGA NPs) administered subcutaneously with sustained release properties for effective
management of osteoporosis.

Methods:
Simvastatin functionalized hydroxyapatite (HSIM) was prepared by stirring and validated
by docking studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Further, HSIM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (HSIM-PLGA
NPs) were developed via the solvent emulsification method. The nanoparticles were evaluated
for zeta potential, particle size, entrapment efficiency, stability studies, and in vitro drug release
studies. in vitro binding affinity of nanoparticles for hydroxyapatite was also measured. Bone morphology
and its effect on bone mineral density were examined by using a glucocorticoid-induced
osteoporosis rat model.

Results:
The optimized nanoparticles were found to be amorphous and showed no drug-polymer interaction.
The particle size of formulated nanoparticles varied from 196.8 ± 2.27nm to 524.8 ± 5.49
nm and the entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles varied from 41.9 ± 3.44% to 70.8 ± 4.46%, respectively.
The nanoparticles showed sustained release behaviour (75% in 24 hr) of the drug followed
by non-fickian drug release. The nanoparticles exhibited high binding affinity to bone cell receptors,
increasing bone mineral density. A significant difference in calcium and phosphorous levels
was observed in disease and treatment rats. Porous bone and significant improvement in porosity
were observed in osteoporotic rats and treated rats, respectively (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Bone-targeting nanoparticles incorporating functionalized simvastatin can target
bone. Thus, in order to distribute simvastatin subcutaneously for the treatment of osteoporosis, the
developed nanoparticles may act as a promising approach.
Exploring Political Mistrust in Pandemic Risk Communication: Mixed-Method Study Using Social Media Data Analysis
Authors: Unlu Ali , Truong Sophie , Tammi Tuukka , Lohiniva Anna-Leena 
Published: September 2023

Background
This research extends prior studies by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare on pandemic-related risk perception, concentrating on the role of trust in health authorities and its impact on public health outcomes.

Objective
The paper aims to investigate variations in trust levels over time and across social media platforms, as well as to further explore 12 subcategories of political mistrust. It seeks to understand the dynamics of political trust, including mistrust accumulation, fluctuations over time, and changes in topic relevance. Additionally, the study aims to compare qualitative research findings with those obtained through computational methods.

Methods
Data were gathered from a large-scale data set consisting of 13,629 Twitter and Facebook posts from 2020 to 2023 related to COVID-19. For analysis, a fine-tuned FinBERT model with an 80% accuracy rate was used for predicting political mistrust. The BERTopic model was also used for superior topic modeling performance.

Results
Our preliminary analysis identifies 43 mistrust-related topics categorized into 9 major themes. The most salient topics include COVID-19 mortality, coping strategies, polymerase chain reaction testing, and vaccine efficacy. Discourse related to mistrust in authority is associated with perceptions of disease severity, willingness to adopt health measures, and information-seeking behavior. Our findings highlight that the distinct user engagement mechanisms and platform features of Facebook and Twitter contributed to varying patterns of mistrust and susceptibility to misinformation during the pandemic.

Conclusions
The study highlights the effectiveness of computational methods like natural language processing in managing large-scale engagement and misinformation. It underscores the critical role of trust in health authorities for effective risk communication and public compliance. The findings also emphasize the necessity for transparent communication from authorities, concluding that a holistic approach to public health communication is integral for managing health crises effectively.
The effect of antioxidant therapy on the course of predialysis chronic kidney disease in a patient with comorbidity
Authors: Denova L.D. 
Published: September 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is almost always associated with comorbidities such as diabetes, hyperuricemia/gout, urolithiasis, often with urinary tract infection, hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, and other conditions. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is an inherited kidney disease (1/1000–1/400 worldwide) affecting mainly adults, caused predominantly by mutations in PKD1 (85–90 % of cases) and PKD2 genes (10–15 % of cases), which encode polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 proteins, respectively. In adults with preserved kidney function, the prevalence of gout increases from 1 to 2 % (hyperuricemia up to 11 %), in patients with CKD stage 4 — up to 32 % (hyperuricemia up to 80 %). 70 % of patients with gout and 50 % of patients with hyperuricemia have stage 2 CKD. CKD contributes to a decrease in the urinary excretion of uric acid. In patients with CKD, hyperuricemia is considered to be a serum uric acid level > 6 mg/dL in women and > 7 mg/dL in men. Hyperuricemia is very often observed in hypertension and type 2 diabetes. In patients with kidney disease, diabetes is a major factor of mortality and morbidity. Diabetic nephropathy can be suspected in a patient with type 2 diabetes in the presence of albuminuria and/or diabetic retinopathy. Signs of diabetic nephropathy: basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, and increased vascular permeability to albumin induced by nonenzymatic glycation of collagen and laminin. Comorbidity has a negative impact on patients’ health due to increased morbidity and mortality. Such patients are at risk of rapid progression of CKD into the end stage, which requires renal replacement therapy. Therefore, early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CKD complications are important for such patients. This article highlights the impact of antioxidant therapy and phytoneering on the course of CKD in patients with comorbidities.
Perspektif Time Geography terhadap Upaya Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Air Perempuan Kepala Keluarga Dusun Gunung Butak, Gunungkidul
Authors: Fajarwati Alia , Sukamdi Sukamdi , Hizbaron Dyah Rahmawati , Listyaningsih Umi , Rachmadani Pinta 
Published: September 2023

Abstrak Pemenuhan kebutuhan air masyarakat Dusun Gunung Butak yang termasuk dalam kawasan Karst Gunungsewu merupakan tantangan, terlebih untuk Perempuan Kepala Keluarga (Pekka). Tujuan penelitian : 1) mengidentifikasi sumber air bersih di Dusun Gunung Butak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan selama setahun, 2) menganalisa upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan air oleh Pekka menggunakan perspektif Time Geography. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Indepth interview dengan Pekka dan key persons dengan alat penelitian kalender musim dan panduan/protokol wawancara dilakukan untuk menggali informasi. Pemetaan juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan software GIS. Data divalidasi dengan strategi validasi dalam penelitian kualitatif dan dianalisa menggunakan metode analisa fenomenologis terstruktur. Pada tujuan 2 digunakan analisa dari perspektif Time Geography dan analisa spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi perubahan sumber air yang digunakan di dusun ini. Berdasarkan analisa Time Geography, adanya pipa PDAM di dusun ini menghemat waktu, memperpendek jalur individu, dan mengurangi kendala mobilitas Pekka dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air terutama saat kemarau. Abstract Meeting the water needs of the community in Gunung Butak Hamlet which is located in the Gunungsewu Karst area is a challenge, especially for Women Headed Household (WHH). The aims of the study are : 1) to identify sources of clean water in Gunung Butak Hamlet to meet one year's needs, and 2) to analyze the fulfillment efforts of water needs by WHH using Time Geography perspective. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Indepth interviews with WHH and key persons using seasonal calendar research tools and interview guidelines/protocols were conducted to gather information. Mapping was also done using GIS software. The data was validated using a validation strategy in qualitative research and analyzed using a structured phenomenological analysis method. Analysis from the perspective of Time Geography and spatial analysis was implemented in the second aim of this research. The results showed that there was a change in the source of water used in this hamlet. Based on Time Geography analysis, the presence of PDAM pipes in this hamlet saves time, shortens Pekka's individual paths and reducing their mobility constraint in fulfilling water needs, especially during the dry season.
Determinan kesenjangan kemiskinan desa-kota di Indonesia
Authors: Priyarsono Dominicus Savio , Wijaya Miryam BLSK , Sigiro Ely Elprida 
Published: September 2023

Abstrak. Artikel ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi beberapa faktor yang diperkirakan menentukan kesenjangan kemiskinan desa-kota di Indonesia. Data antar-provinsi tahun 2000-2020 dianalisis dengan teknik regresi data panel. Kesenjangan kemiskinan desa-kota (variabel dependen) diukur dengan dua cara, yakni selisih dan rasio angka kemiskinan desa-kota. Variabel-variabel independen yang dianalisis adalah produk domestik regional bruto per kapita, produktivitas sektor pertanian, transformasi perdesaan, indeks kapasitas fiskal, dan rata-rata jumlah tahun bersekolah penduduk perdesaan. Kedua model itu memberikan hasil estimasi tanda parameter yang konsisten searah. Variabel independen yang secara signifikan berbanding terbalik dengan kedua variabel dependen adalah produktivitas sektor pertanian dan rata-rata jumlah tahun bersekolah penduduk perdesaan, sedangkan yang berbanding lurus adalah PDRB/Kapita dan indeks kapasitas fiskal. Dengan kata lain, dua variabel independen yang pertama itu mengurangi angka kemiskinan perdesaan sedemikian efektif sehingga mampu memperkecil kesenjangan kemiskinan desa-kota. Kebijakan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kebijakan fiskal daerah terbukti mengurangi kemiskinan di kota lebih efektif daripada di desa, akibatnya justru berdampak memperlebar kesenjangan tersebut. Temuan lain menunjukkan bahwa transformasi perdesaan yang diukur dengan kesempatan kerja non-pertanian di perdesaan tidak cukup efektif mengurangi angka kemiskinan di pedesaan, sehingga tidak berdampak signifikan pada kesenjangan kemiskinan desa-kota. Abstract. This article analyzes some factors which might have determined rural-urban poverty gap in Indonesia. Provincial data for the years of 2000-2020 are analyzed by using panel data regression techniques. The gap between rural-urban poverty rates (dependent variable) is measured by two methods, i.e. rural-urban poverty difference and ratio. Gross regional product per capita, agriculture sector productivity, rural transformation, fiscal capacity index, and rural mean years of schooling are regressed on each of the gap measures. The two models give consistently equivalent signs of the estimated parameters. The independent variables that negatively and significantly affect the dependent variables are productivity of agriculture sector and rural mean years of schooling, whereas those that are positive and significant areGDP/Capita and fiscal capacity index. In other words, the first two independent variables decrease the rural poverty rates so effectively that they can reduce the rural-urban poverty gap. Economic growth policy and regional fiscal policy decrease poverty more effectively in urban than they do in rural areas, and hence they widen the poverty gap. Another finding shows that rural transformation that is measured by non-agriculture employment in rural areas is not so effective to reduce rural poverty, that it does not significantly effect on the poverty gap.
Comparative UV Spectroscopic Method Analysis and Validation for Estimation of Rifaximin in Pharmaceutical Preparation
Authors: Joice Aney , Sange Farheen Mohammed Zubair 
Published: September 2023

In the present research work the absorption characteristics of rifaximin was studied and validated in different solvents in visible region for its quantitative estimation in bulk and dosage forms by UV spectrophotometric method. The solution of Rifaximin were prepared in 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2), Phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) & Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and showed maximum absorption at wavelength 439 nm, 440 nm & 433 nm in respective solvents. The drug obeyed Beer–Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 µg/mL with coefficient of correlation (r2) of 0.998. The estimation method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. Statistical analysis proved that the methods are repeatable and specific for the estimation of the said drug. These methods can be adopted in routine analysis of Rifaximin in bulk or tablet dosage form.
Keywords: Rifaximin, 0.1N HCL, phosphate buffer, UV spectrophotometer.
Evaluation of Oral Health Related Quality of Life in a Group of Dental Students enrolled in Cairo University: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Saber Fayrouz , Dawoud Maria , Hanafy Samaa S. , Omar Ola M. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The oral health affects every person’s emotional and social experience and physical functioning; therefore, even on the level of the undergraduate students those with better dental appearance and proper dental function have higher self-esteem and social acceptance than those with dental and/ or oral problems.
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the Oral Health Related Quality of Life among a group of undergraduate dental students using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire.
Methods: The short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14) was used to evaluate Oral Health Quality of Life on dental students. Oral and dental diseases’ experienced were also evaluated across the perceived quality of life to find out whether a correlation existed. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 26 for Windows. Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages and were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test.
Results: Among the 346 participants 237 (68.5%) were females, and 109 (31.5%) were males. Their mean age was (20.83±1.83), and most of them were Egyptians 255 (73.7%). The mean of total OHIP-14 score for the studied sample was 12.95±9.80. The highest scores were found with physical pain (3.25±2.04), psychological discomfort (3.03±2.36) and psychological disability (2.04±2.00).
Conclusion: The mean OHIP-14 total score is considered relatively higher than other populations. The most prevalent impact was reported in both the physical pain and psychological discomfort domains.
Keywords Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Dental students. Oral Health Impact Profile-14.
A Comparative Study on Caprini RAM Vs DOH Tool for Thromboprophylaxis in ICU Setting at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: HARINE G , Bharathi Priya K. , Pavithra A , Jayakumar Devachandran , Farazuddin Mohammed , Tejaswini Satya 
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study was to assess DVT prophylaxis using two models (Caprini RAM & DOH tool) for the prevention of DVT in postoperative or critically ill patients and for better predictability of disease. In this prospective observational study, we compared the Caprini RAM and DOH tool in the ICU setting on 229 patients (140 men and 89 women). 205 patients were considered in the study, out of which 97 had Caprini RAM and 108 had DOH tool. A Prospective, observational comparative study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 6 months. Patients were divided into two groups according to the RAM. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and the results were compared using the student t-test. Both GROUP A and GROUP B revealed that the majority of the patients (67.1% & 55.6%) were above 60 years and a large proportion of them required DVT prophylaxis. In GROUP A 93% of forms were complete with 79% accuracy. In GROUP B 83% were complete. The most appropriate prophylaxis received by patients was Enoxaparin sodium 40 mg OD for about 97 (30%) patients and Heparin 5000 IU BD for 108 (30%) based on their Caprini scores and NICE guidelines respectively. The majority of patients in Group A did not require dosage adjustments, but in 20% of cases, it was necessary. Statistical significance was achieved with a p-value less than 0.05. The study demonstrates DOH tool is better than Caprini RAM to be used in hospitals, for risk assessment of VTE in both medical and surgical patients for accuracy and predictability of the prophylaxis.
Keywords: DVT, Risk assessment, Caprini RAM, DOH tool, pharmacological and mechanical Prophylaxis.
Immediate-release dosage form; focus on disintegrants use as a promising excipient
Authors: Kute Vaibhav Ghansham , Patil Rajeshwari Satish , Kute Vaishnavi Ghansham , Kaluse Priti Dilip 
Published: September 2023

Disintegrants are materials or mixtures of substances added in the drug formulations, which make easier dispersion or breakup of tablets and ingredients of capsules in small-scale particles for fast dissolution then it comes in contact with water in the GI tract. Immediate drug release dosage forms disintegrate rapidly after administration with an enhanced rate of dissolution. The superdisintegrants provide instantaneous disintegration of tablets after administration in the stomach. In this field, immediate-release liquid dosage forms and parenteral dosage forms have also been introduced for treating patients. The oral route is the most convenient route for the administration of solid dosage form, about 85% of solid dosage is administered by the oral route because of its advantages over others. The therapeutic activity of these formulations is obtained through a typical manner like disintegration followed by dissolution. Hence disintegration has a major role in facilitating drug activity. Diverse categories of superdisintegrants such as synthetic, semi-synthetic, natural, co-processed blends, multifunctional superdisintegrants, etc. have been employed to develop effectual orodispersible tablets and to overcome the limitations of conventional tablet dosage forms. The objective of the present review article is to highlight the various kinds of traditional, Natural crude drugs containing gum and mucilage, Co-processed, semisynthetic and synthetic disintegrants along with a concentration in tablet and capsule disintegration and effect on drug release, which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient compliance. Also highlights the mechanism and use of disintegrants in the immediate release dosage form.
Keywords: Disintegrants, Natural, Co-processed, Immediate release