bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating the shock dynamics of a neutron star accretion column
Authors: Abolmasov Pavel , Lipunova Galina 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Accretion on to a highly magnetized neutron star runs through a magnetospheric flow, where the plasma follows the magnetic field lines in the force-free regime. The flow entering the magnetosphere is accelerated by the gravity of the star and then abruptly decelerated in a shock located above the surface of the star. For large enough mass accretion rates, most of the radiation comes from the radiation–pressure-dominated region below the shock, known as accretion column. Though the one-dimensional, stationary structure of this flow has been studied for many years, its global dynamics was hardly ever considered before. Considering the time-dependent structure of an accretion column allows us to test the stability of the existing stationary analytic solution, as well as its possible variability modes, and check the validity of its boundary conditions. Using a conservative scheme, we perform one-dimensional time-dependent simulations of an ideal radiative MHD flow inside an aligned dipolar magnetosphere. Whenever thermal pressure locally exceeds magnetic pressure, the flow is assumed to lose mass. Position of the shock agrees well with the theoretical predictions below a limit likely associated with advection effects: if more than $2/3$ of the released power is advected with the flow, the analytic solution becomes self-inconsistent, and the column starts leaking at a finite height. Depending on the geometry, this breakdown may broaden the column, mass load the field lines, and produce radiation-driven, mildly relativistic ejecta. Evolving towards the equilibrium position, the shock front experiences damped oscillations at a frequency close to the inverse sound propagation time.
Unresolved Rossby and gravity modes in 214 A and F stars showing rotational modulation
Authors: Henriksen Andreea I , Antoci Victoria , Saio Hideyuki , Grundahl Frank , Kjeldsen Hans , Van Reeth Timothy , Bowman Dominic M , Pápics Péter I , De Cat Peter , Krüger Joachim , Andersen M Fredslund , Pallé P L 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Here, we report an ensemble study of 214 A- and F-type stars observed by Kepler, exhibiting the so-called hump and spike periodic signal, explained by Rossby modes (r modes) – the hump – and magnetic stellar spots or overstable convective (OsC) modes – the spike, respectively. We determine the power confined in the non-resolved hump features and find additional gravity-mode (g-mode) humps always occurring at higher frequencies than the spike. Furthermore, we derive projected rotational velocities from FIES, SONG, and HERMES spectra for 28 stars and the stellar inclination angle for 89 stars. We find a strong correlation between the spike amplitude and the power in the r and g modes, which suggests that both types of oscillations are mechanically excited by either stellar spots or OsC modes. Our analysis suggests that stars with a higher power in m = 1 r-mode humps are more likely to also exhibit humps at higher azimuthal orders (m = 2, 3, or 4). Interestingly, all stars that show g-mode humps are hotter and more luminous than the observed red edge of the δ Scuti instability strip, suggesting that either magnetic fields or convection in the outer layers could play an important role.
Efficacy and safety of telitacicept in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Xu Dong , Fang Jianmin , Zhang Shangzhu , Huang Cibo , Huang Chenghui , Qin Li , Li Xiaomei , Chen Meiqing , Liu Xiumei , Liu Yi , Li Zhijun , Hu Jiankang , Bao Chunde , Wei Wei , Tian Jing , Duan Xinwang , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telitacicept in adult patients with primary SS (pSS) in a phase II randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Methods
Patients with pSS with positive anti-SSA antibody and ESSDAI ≥ 5 were randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, to receive weekly subcutaneous telitacicept 240 mg, 160 mg, or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline in the ESSDAI at week 24. Safety was monitored.

Results
A total of 42 patients were enrolled and randomized (n = 14 per group). Administration of telitacicept 160 mg resulted in a significant reduction in ESSDAI score from baseline to week 24 compared with placebo (P &lt; 0.05). The placebo-adjusted least-squares mean change from baseline was –4.3 (95% CI –7.0, –1.6; P = 0.002). While, mean change of ESSDAI in telitacicept 240 mg was –2.7(–5.6–0.1) with no statistical difference when compared that in placebo group (P = 0.056). In addition, MFI-20 and serum immunoglobulins decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) at week 24 in both telitacicept groups compared with placebo. No serious adverse events were observed in the telitacicept treating group.

Conclusion
Telitacicept showed clinical benefits and good tolerance and safety in the treatment of pSS.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04078386
Can You Sing Your Way to Good Citizenship?: Recreational Association Structures and Member Political Participation
Authors: Baggetta Matthew , Bello-Gomez Ricardo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
What is the relationship of recreational associations to the political engagement of their members? We answer this question using multilevel data on 25 community choirs and the 1,032 members within them. Using structural equation modelling, we model the relationships between recreational association structures and member political participation through member experiences along with countervailing selection effects. We find that selection dynamics are the primary driver of the relationship between recreational associations and member political activity. We also find some evidence that associations foster new political activity in members through an interpretive mechanism—but not through developmental mechanisms. Recreational associations with more-participatory structures and broader organizational identities lead some members to interpret their recreational activity as publicly-oriented. Adopting publicly-oriented interpretations is related to certain kinds of new political activity. The results suggest that, overall, recreational associations are having little impact on political participation; when they do, they do so not by teaching participants how to do civic work but by altering how members think about civic life.
The virome of the invasive Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus in Europe
Authors: Abbo Sandra R , de Almeida João P P , Olmo Roenick P , Balvers Carlijn , Griep Jet S , Linthout Charlotte , Koenraadt Constantianus J M , Silva Bruno M , Fros Jelke J , Aguiar Eric R G R , Marois Eric , Pijlman Gorben P , Marques João T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus is rapidly invading North America and Europe. Due to its potential to transmit multiple pathogenic arthropod–borne (arbo)viruses including Zika virus, West Nile virus, and chikungunya virus, it is important to understand the biology of this vector mosquito in more detail. In addition to arboviruses, mosquitoes can also carry insect-specific viruses that are receiving increasing attention due to their potential effects on host physiology and arbovirus transmission. In this study, we characterized the collection of viruses, referred to as the virome, circulating in Ae. japonicus populations in the Netherlands and France. Applying a small RNA-based metagenomic approach to Ae. japonicus, we uncovered a distinct group of viruses present in samples from both the Netherlands and France. These included one known virus, Ae. japonicus narnavirus 1 (AejapNV1), and three new virus species that we named Ae. japonicus totivirus 1 (AejapTV1), Ae. japonicus anphevirus 1 (AejapAV1) and Ae. japonicus bunyavirus 1 (AejapBV1). We also discovered sequences that were presumably derived from two additional novel viruses: Ae. japonicus bunyavirus 2 (AejapBV2) and Ae. japonicus rhabdovirus 1 (AejapRV1). All six viruses induced strong RNA interference responses, including the production of twenty-one nucleotide-sized small interfering RNAs, a signature of active replication in the host. Notably, AejapBV1 and AejapBV2 belong to different viral families; however, no RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence has been found for AejapBV2. Intriguingly, our small RNA-based approach identified an ∼1-kb long ambigrammatic RNA that is associated with AejapNV1 as a secondary segment but showed no similarity to any sequence in public databases. We confirmed the presence of AejapNV1 primary and secondary segments, AejapTV1, AejapAV1, and AejapBV1 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in wild-caught Ae. japonicus mosquitoes. AejapNV1 and AejapTV1 were found at high prevalence (87–100 per cent) in adult females, adult males, and larvae. Using a small RNA-based, sequence-independent metagenomic strategy, we uncovered a conserved and prevalent virome among Ae. japonicus mosquito populations. The high prevalence of AejapNV1 and AejapTV1 across all tested mosquito life stages suggests that these viruses are intimately associated with Ae. japonicus.
A Moroccan Pyrenophora teres f. teres Population Defeats Rpt5, the Broadly Effective Resistance on Barley Chromosome 6H
Authors: Richards Jonathan K. , Li Jinling , Koladia Vaidehi , Wyatt Nathan A. , Rehman Sajid , Brueggeman Robert S. , Friesen Timothy L. 
Published: June 2023

Net form net blotch (NFNB), caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres, is an important barley disease. The centromeric region of barley chromosome 6H has often been associated with resistance or susceptibility to NFNB, including the broadly effective dominant resistance gene Rpt5 derived from barley line CIho 5791. We characterized a population of Moroccan P. teres f. teres isolates that had overcome Rpt5 resistance and identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) that were effective against these isolates. Eight Moroccan P. teres f. teres isolates were phenotyped on barley lines CIho 5791 and Tifang. Six isolates were virulent on CIho 5791, and two were avirulent. A CIho 5791 × Tifang recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was phenotyped with all eight isolates and confirmed the defeat of the 6H resistance locus formerly mapped as Rpt5 in barley line CI9819. A major QTL on chromosome 3H with the resistance allele derived from Tifang, as well as minor QTL, was identified and provided resistance against these isolates. F2 segregation ratios supported dominant inheritance for both the 3H and 6H resistance. Furthermore, inoculation of progeny isolates derived from a cross of P. teres f. teres isolates 0-1 (virulent on Tifang/avirulent on CIho 5791) and MorSM 40-3 (avirulent on Tifang/virulent on CIho 5791) onto the RIL and F2 populations determined that recombination between isolates can generate novel genotypes that overcome both resistance genes. Markers linked to the QTL identified in this study can be used to incorporate both resistance loci into elite barley cultivars for durable resistance.
Allograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Patients May Result in Acceptable Graft Failure Rate in Nonpivoting Sports Athletes
Authors: Vasudevan Rajiv S. , Paras Tyler , Zogby Andrew M. , Wilps Tyler , Bastrom Tracey P. , Bomar James D. , Manhard Claire E. , Pennock Andrew T. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Studies have demonstrated that pediatric patients have an increased risk of failure with allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR); however, there is no study investigating whether allograft ACLR may be safe in older adolescent patients who are not returning to competitive pivoting sports (ie, low risk). The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes for low-risk older adolescents selected for allograft ACLR.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective chart review of patients younger than 18 years who received a bone-patellar-tendon-bone allograft or autograft ACLR by a single orthopaedic surgeon from 2012 to 2020. Patients were offered allograft ACLR if they did not intend to return to pivoting sports for 1 year. The autograft cohort was matched 1:1 based on age, sex, and follow-up. Patients were excluded for skeletal immaturity, multiligamentous injury, prior ipsilateral ACLR, or concomitant realignment procedure. Patients were contacted to obtain patient-reported outcomes at ≥2 years follow-up, including single assessment numerical evaluation, surgery satisfaction, pain scores, Tegner Activity Scale, and the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used as appropriate.

Results:
Of the 68 allografts, 40 (59%) met inclusion and 28 (70%) were contacted. Among the 456 autografts, 40 (8.7%) were matched and 26 (65%) were contacted. Two allograft patients (2/40; 5%) failed at a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 36 (12, 60) months. There were 0/40 failures in the autograft cohort and 13/456 (2.9%) among the overall autografts; neither were significantly different from the allograft failure rate (both P > 0.05). Two (5.0%) patients in the autograft cohort required manipulation under anesthesia and arthroscopic lysis of adhesions. There were no significant differences between cohorts for single assessment numerical evaluation, Lysholm, Tegner, pain, and satisfaction scores (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Although ACL allograft failure rates remain nearly two times higher than autograft failure rates in older adolescents, our study suggests that careful patient selection can potentially bring this failure rate down to an acceptable level.

Level of Evidence:
Level III; retrospective matched cohort study.
The presentation and management of cesarean scar defects: an updated review on an evolving diagnosis
Authors: McGrattan Meghan , Kobylianskii Anna , Thiel Peter , Solnik M Jonathon , Murji Ally 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide a clinically relevant synthesis of the current literature on cesarean scar defects, focusing on their epidemiology and clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Recent findings
Cesarean scar defects (CSDs) are an emerging area of gynecologic research, with an influx of higher quality cohorts, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews published within the last decade. Recent developments of importance include the European Niche Taskforce consensus on the measurement and diagnosis of CSDs, the proposal of clinical criteria for Cesarean scar disorder (CSDi), as well as the publication of several systematic reviews, which provide enhanced support for clinical decision-making in treatment strategies. Areas for continued research include risks factors for CSDs and preventive strategies, as well as their role in obstetrical complications.

Summary
CSDs are a common sonographic finding. While those incidentally identified in an asymptomatic population require no treatment, CSDs can cause significant burden in the form of abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, and infertility. Their role in obstetrical complications has yet to be fully elucidated. Given the high incidence of cesarean sections, many – if not all – providers of uterine care will encounter their sequalae. As such, continued awareness amongst all providers regarding their evaluation and management is key.

Video Abstract

http://links.lww.com/COOG/A91
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Is Associated With Chronic Disease and Allergies in 60 997 Distance Runner Race Entrants: SAFER XXX Study
Authors: Marandure Tsungai Tirivashe , Schwellnus Martin P. , Grant Catharina , Jansen van Rensburg Audrey , Jordaan Esmè , Boer Pieter 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common running-related injury. Independent risk factors associated with PFPS have not been described in a large cohort of distance runners.

Design:
Descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Setting:
21.1 and 56 km Two Oceans Marathon races (2012-2015).

Participants:
60 997 race entrants.

Assessment of risk factors:
Participants completed a compulsory prerace medical screening questionnaire (history of PFPS in the past 12 months, n = 362; no injury history, n = 60 635). Selected risk factors associated with a history of PFPS were explored using univariate & multivariate analyses: demographics, training/running variables, history of chronic diseases (composite chronic disease score), and any allergy.

Main Outcome Measures:
Prevalence ratios (PRs, 95% confidence intervals).

Results:
Risk factors associated with PFPS (univariate analysis) were increased years of recreational running (PR = 1.09; P = 0.0107), older age (>50 years), and chronic diseases (PR > 2): gastrointestinal disease (PR = 5.06; P < 0.0001), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (PR = 3.28; P < 0.0001), nervous system/psychiatric disease (PR = 3.04; P < 0.0001), cancer (PR = 2.83; P = 0.0005), risk factors for CVD (PR = 2.42; P < 0.0001), symptoms of CVD (PR = 2.38; P = 0.0397), and respiratory disease (PR = 2.00; P < 0.0001). Independent risk factors (multivariate analysis) associated with PFPS (adjusted for age, sex, and race distance) were a higher chronic disease composite score (PR = 2.68 increased risk for every 2 additional chronic diseases; P < 0.0001) and a history of allergies (PR = 2.33; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Novel independent risk factors associated with PFPS in distance runners are a history of multiple chronic diseases and a history of allergies. Identification of chronic diseases and allergies should be considered as part of the clinical assessment of a runner presenting with a history of PFPS.
Return to Play in Collision Sport After Hemorrhages of a Cerebral Cavernoma
Authors: Brauge David , Julien Adeline , Izard Philippe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Discovering a cerebral vascular malformation in an athlete should lead to evaluating hemorrhagic risk, notably in contact sports. Cavernous angioma is one of the most frequent pathologies in this context. It can be identified by a hemorrhage, the onset of an epileptic seizure, or, increasingly so, incidentally, while performing a medical examination for another reason. Whether sports practice is a risk factor for hemorrhage is unclear in available literature. When treatment is needed, surgery remains the gold standard. Currently, little data are available on the possibility of resuming contact sports after craniotomy. We report the case of a rugby player who underwent surgery for intracerebral cavernoma. We provide details on how the player was finally cleared to resume rugby practice and on the therapeutic management of this lesion.
Gastrointestinal function in critically ill patients
Authors: Reintam Blaser Annika , Bachmann Kaspar F. , Deane Adam M. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
To summarize recent evidence regarding the diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal dysfunction and enteral feeding intolerance, and relationship of these to development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, during critical illness.

Recent findings
Novel gastric feeding tubes that attenuate gastroesophageal regurgitation or facilitate continuous monitoring of gastric motility have been developed. The definition of enteral feeding intolerance remains controversial, which may be resolved using a consensus process. A novel scoring system for gastrointestinal dysfunction (GIDS – GastroIntestinal Dysfunction Score) was recently developed but it is not yet validated or tested to evaluate the effect of any interventions. Studies of biomarkers to identify gastrointestinal dysfunction have yet to yield a suitable biomarker for daily clinical use.

Summary
The assessment of gastrointestinal function in critically ill patients continues to rely on complex daily clinical assessment. Scoring systems, consensus definitions and novel technology appear the most promising tools and interventions to improve patient care.
Statins on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 RCTs
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Toshiyoshi, Maeda , Zhao Wenli , Zhao Ye , Zhao, Yan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising rapidly in the world. Our aim is to investigate the efficacy and safety of statins in the treatment of NAFLD.

Methods:
This study was conducted by searching The National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform databases. Literature data are expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or relative risk and 95% CI. For I
2 > 50% trials, random effect model is used for statistical analysis, otherwise fixed effect model is used.

Results:
Fourteen studies are selected for this meta-analysis, which includes totally 534 patients in the treatment group and 527 patients in the control group. As a result, 5 studies show that the total effective rate of the treatment group is 17% higher than that of the control group (Z = 2.11, relative risk = 1.17, 95% CI: [1.01–1.35]). Twelve studies show that alanine aminotransferase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group (Z = 2.63, P = .009, MD = −5.53, 95% CI: [−9.64 to −1.41]). Eleven studies show that aspartate transaminase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group (Z = 2.01, P = .04, MD = −3.43, 95% CI: [−6.77 to −0.08]). Six studies show that alkaline phosphatase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group (Z = 0.79, P = .43, MD = −3.46, 95% CI: [−12.08 to 5.16]). Eight studies show that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group (Z = 2.04, P = .04, MD = −4.05, 95% CI: [−7.96 to −0.15]). Thirteen studies show that triglyceride levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group (Z = 4.15, P < .0001, MD = −0.94, 95% CI: [−1.39 to −0.50]). Eleven studies show that the total cholesterol levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group (Z = 5.42, P < .00001, MD = −1.51, 95% CI: [−2.05 to −0.96]). Seven studies show that low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group (Z = 5.00, P < .00001, MD = −0.85, 95% CI: [−1.18 to −0.52]).

Conclusion:
Statins can significantly reduce liver biochemical indicators in patients with NAFLD.