bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide analyses reveal novel opioid use disorder loci and genetic overlap with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression
Authors: Holen Børge , Shadrin Alexey A. , Icick Romain , Filiz Tahir T. , Hindley Guy , Rødevand Linn , O'Connell Kevin S. , Hagen Espen , Frei Oleksandr , Bahrami Shahram , Cheng Weiqiu , Parker Nadine , Tesfaye Markos , Jahołkowski Piotr , Karadag Naz , Dale Anders M. , Djurovic Srdjan , Smeland Olav B. , Andreassen Ole A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOpioid use disorder (OUD) and mental disorders are often comorbid, with increased morbidity and mortality. The causes underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Although these conditions are highly heritable, their shared genetic vulnerabilities remain unaccounted for. We applied the conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate (cond/conjFDR) approach to analyse summary statistics from independent genome wide association studies of OUD, schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MD) of European ancestry. Next, we characterized the identified shared loci using biological annotation resources. OUD data were obtained from the Million Veteran Program, Yale‐Penn and Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE) (15 756 cases, 99 039 controls). SCZ (53 386 cases, 77 258 controls), BD (41 917 cases, 371 549 controls) and MD (170 756 cases, 329 443 controls) data were provided by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We discovered genetic enrichment for OUD conditional on associations with SCZ, BD, MD and vice versa, indicating polygenic overlap with identification of 14 novel OUD loci at condFDR < 0.05 and 7 unique loci shared between OUD and SCZ (n = 2), BD (n = 2) and MD (n = 7) at conjFDR < 0.05 with concordant effect directions, in line with estimated positive genetic correlations. Two loci were novel for OUD, one for BD and one for MD. Three OUD risk loci were shared with more than one psychiatric disorder, at DRD2 on chromosome 11 (BD and MD), at FURIN on chromosome 15 (SCZ, BD and MD) and at the major histocompatibility complex region (SCZ and MD). Our findings provide new insights into the shared genetic architecture between OUD and SCZ, BD and MD, indicating a complex genetic relationship, suggesting overlapping neurobiological pathways.
Three‐dimensional bioprinting of artificial organs: How close are we to its clinical application?
Authors: Han Jason J. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryA patient recently received a 3D‐printed outer ear made out of her own cells. An endoscopic 3D bioprinter was able to print biomaterials in situ. In this decade, we may at last see the application of 3D bioprinters in the creation of complex, clinically viable artificial organs.
No evidence for regeneration of pectines in the scorpion Euscorpius italicus (Herbst, 1800)
Authors: Stemme Torben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough scorpions have comparatively low regenerative potential, legs and pedipalps are able to regenerate some structures in an often incomplete manner. The most intriguing scorpion appendages are the ventrally located pectines. These organs are equipped with numerous sensilla that scan the substrate for mechanosensory‐ and chemosensory cues. Due to their ventral position and frequent substrate contact, pectines are vulnerable to traumatic injuries. Pecten malformations have been hypothesized to be the result of incomplete regeneration. To investigate their regeneration capabilities, the pectines of postembryonic stages of Euscorpius italicus (Herbst, 1800) were amputated before the second moult at three different positions. Data on intermoult periods and the number of pectinal teeth were gathered for approximately 2.5 years. The regeneration process on exuviae of up to six moulting events was documented by photographs and confocal laser‐scanning microscopy. Regardless of the amputation site, no evidence for regenerative capabilities of pectines in E. italicus could be reported. Thus, incomplete regenerations mentioned in the literature are likely the result of simple wound healing. Depending on habitat complexity, substrate contact time of the pectines seem to differ, which might be interpreted as a trade‐off between highest sensory input and the avoidance of traumatic injury of the pectines.
The influence of socioeconomic status and appearance‐reality understanding on pre‐schoolers' sharing and generosity
Authors: Hashim Nawal , Fischer Nastassja L. , Kim Elizabeth B. , Yeung Wei‐Jun Jean , Yu Rongjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProsocial behaviour can be defined as any voluntary action that is performed to benefit another individual. Despite accumulating evidence of the importance of environmental variables (e.g., socioeconomic status; SES), and individual characteristics (e.g., theory of mind – ToM – skills), in influencing prosocial behaviours in young children, it is unknown how these factors relate to the underlying motivations for prosocial behaviours. Accordingly, both extrinsically (sharing) and intrinsically (generosity)‐guided prosocial behaviours are measured in this study. We explore the influences of SES and ToM skills on young children's sharing behaviour and generosity, while controlling their age, working memory and language skills. Sixty‐six 4‐ to 6 year olds (Mage = 5.24 years, SD = 0.73) from diverse SES (measured by parental education level) and ethnic backgrounds in Singapore completed tasks assessing the ToM measures of false belief and appearance‐reality understanding, working memory, language skills, generosity, and sharing behaviour. The results of hierarchical regression analyses demonstrate that the father's education level and children's appearance‐reality understanding were significant predictors of sharing, after controlling for age, working memory, language skills, and the mother's education level. Children's appearance‐reality understanding was the sole predictor of children's generosity. Our findings highlight the impact of children's ability to hold different views of reality and their family's education levels on the development of sharing and generosity in early childhood.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tracheal aspirate: Colonization, infection, and recurrence
Authors: de Souza Nunes Larissa Hermann , Bernardi Lora João Felipe , Fanhani Cracco Luiz Augusto , da Costa Manuel Janice Alexandra , Westarb Cruz June Alisson , Telles Joao Paulo , Tuon Felipe Francisco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionPseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections are challenging, and the risk of recurrence is a frequent problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with the presence of P. aeruginosa, and the risk factors related to the recurrence and death of lower airway infections in inpatients in a Brazilian hospital.MethodsRetrospective cohort with inpatients that had a sample of airways culture (tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage) with the detection of P. aeruginosa. The patients with clinical criteria of infection were classified as ventilator‐associated, hospital‐acquired, or community‐acquired pneumonia. P. aeruginosa in respiratory samples without symptoms was considered colonization. The antimicrobial treatment adequacy and the clinical data were evaluated. Outcome variables included mortality and recurrence.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐four patients were included in the study, most of them were men, and the majority (102) were considered infected. The average length of stay was superior to 30 days. Previous pulmonary disease was associated with the occurrence of colonization. Aminoglycosides were the most active drug according to susceptibility tests and were successfully used as monotherapy. Septic shock was a risk factor for death in the infected patients. The use of adequate antimicrobial therapy was associated with major survival, independent of the infection classification.ConclusionIt is possible to evaluate clinical data associated with recurrence and mortality in patients with different lung infections by P. aeruginosa. Aminoglycoside monotherapy is safe and effective in P. aeruginosa respiratory infections.
IRF2BPL as a novel causative gene for progressive myoclonus epilepsy
Authors: Gardella Elena , Michelucci Roberto , Christensen Hanne M. , Fenger Christina D. , Reale Chiara , Riguzzi Patrizia , Pasini Elena , Albini‐Riccioli Luca , Papa Valentina , Foschini Maria Pia , Cenacchi Giovanna , Furia Francesca , Marjanovic Dragan , Hammer Trine B. , Møller Rikke S. , Rubboli Guido 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIRF2BPL has recently been described as a novel cause of neurodevelopmental disorders with multisystemic regression, epilepsy, cerebellar symptoms, dysphagia, dystonia, and pyramidal signs. We describe a novel IRF2BPL phenotype consistent with progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) in three novel subjects and review the features of the 31 subjects with IRF2BPL‐related disorders previously reported. Our three probands, aged 28–40 years, harbored de novo nonsense variants in IRF2BPL (c.370C > T, p.[Gln124*] and c.364C > T; p.[Gln122*], respectively). From late childhood/adolescence, they presented with severe myoclonus epilepsy, stimulus‐sensitive myoclonus, and progressive cognitive, speech, and cerebellar impairment, consistent with a typical PME syndrome. The skin biopsy revealed massive intracellular glycogen inclusions in one proband, suggesting a similar pathogenic pathway to other storage disorders. Whereas the two older probands were severely affected, the younger proband had a milder PME phenotype, partially overlapping with some of the previously reported IRF2BPL cases, suggesting that some of them might be unrecognized PME. Interestingly, all three patients harbored protein‐truncating variants clustered in a proximal, highly conserved gene region around the “coiled‐coil” domain. Our data show that PME can be an additional phenotype within the spectrum of IRF2BPL‐related disorders and suggest IRF2BPL as a novel causative gene for PME.
Males show their best side revisited – Effects of predation pressure on laterality in wild guppies
Authors: Sundin Josefin , Näslund Joacim , Mateos‐González Fernando , Ashworth William , Amcoff Mirjam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ability to detect and avoid predators has been suggested as one of the main drivers for behavioral lateralization. This is supported by studies reporting that animals from high‐predation environments are more lateralized than those from low‐predation environments. Some studies, however, have shown no effect of predator regime on lateralization. Lateralized behavior can also be driven by phenotypic asymmetry, where the more attractive side of the body is preferentially displayed during male–female interaction and courtship. The importance of fluctuating asymmetry for mate choice has been highly debated for a number of reasons. Here, we revisited the concepts of predator‐induced behavioral lateralization and phenotypic asymmetry using wild Trinidadian guppiesPoecilia reticulatafrom three different stream systems. Using fish collected from both high‐ and low‐predation environments, we quantified behavioral lateralization in terms of directional turning bias, measured right–left body color asymmetry, and investigated whether a male side‐showing preference was present in male–female interaction trials. We found that guppies were, at best, moderately lateralized on average (across all populations), without any general effect of predator regime. There were some slight stream‐dependent side biases in color asymmetry, but this did not translate into a side‐showing preference in any of the populations in the interaction trials. Some significant observed effects align with previously published results, but these were dependent on stream‐origin and were not repeated across different experiments, complicating interpretation. We conclude that when investigating the effects of predation regime in general, and such effects on behavioral lateralization or fluctuating asymmetry in particular, attention must be focused toward several factors such as experimental assay used and population origin, and broad generalizations from results stemming from experiments including only one population should be avoided.
Allergen desensitization reduces the severity of relapsed alopecia areata in dust‐mite allergic patients
Authors: Zeng Zixun , Li Shuifeng , Ye Yanting , Ling Yunxia , Gong Yugang , Zi Xue , Yang Jian , McElwee Kevin J. , Zhang Xingqi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtopy may be a facilitating factor in some alopecia areata (AA) patients with early disease onset and more severe/extensive AA. The underlying immune mechanisms are unknown, but allergen responses may support a pro‐inflammatory environment that indirectly promotes AA. To investigate the long‐term effect of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) against house dust mite (HDM) allergy on disease severity and prognosis for AA patients. An observational comparative effectiveness study was conducted on 69 AA patients with HDM allergy. 34 patients received conventional/traditional AA treatment (TrAA) plus AIT (AIT‐TrAA), and 35 patients received TrAA alone. Serum total immunoglobulin E (tIgE), HDM specific IgE (sIgE), HDM specific IgG4 (sIgG4) and cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐13, IL‐33, IFNγ) were quantified in these patients, together with 58 non‐allergic AA patients and 40 healthy controls. At the end of the 3‐year desensitization course, the AIT‐TrAA group presented with lower SALT scores than the TrAA group, especially in non‐alopecia totalis/universalis (AT/U) patients and pre‐adolescent AT/U patients (age ≤ 14). In patients with elevated tIgE levels before AIT, a decrease in tIgE was correlated to reduced extent of AA on completion of the AIT course. After desensitization, elevation of IL‐5 and decrease of IL‐33 were observed in HDM allergic‐AA patients. Desensitization to HDM in allergic AA patients reduces the severity of relapse‐related hair loss over the 3‐year AIT treatment course, possibly via opposing Th2 dominance. This adjunctive treatment may help reduce disease severity and curtail the disease process in allergic patients with AA.
Human epidermis organotypic cultures, a reproducible system recapitulating the epidermis in vitro
Authors: Agarwal Rishika , Dittmar Tanja , Beer Hans‐Dietmar , Kunz Michael , Müller Simon , Kappos Elisabeth A. , Contassot Emmanuel , Navarini Alexander A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe translatability of research is highly dependent on models that recapitulate human tissues and organs. Here, we describe a procedure for the generation of human epidermis organotypic cultures (HEOCs) from primary keratinocytes isolated from foreskin and adult skin as well as from an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (KerTr). We tested several media conditions to develop a defined HEOC growing and expansion media. We characterized the HEOCs and show that in optimal culture conditions they express the proliferation marker Ki67, the basement membrane protein collagen 17 (col17) and the epidermal differentiation markers keratin 15 (K15), keratin 14 (K14), keratin 5 (K5), keratin 10 (K10), keratin 1 (K1), transglutaminase 1 (TGM1), transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) and filaggrin (FLG). Thus, they recapitulate the human epidermis and are stratified from the basal layer to the stratum corneum. These HEOC can be generated reproducibly on a large scale, making it an invaluable model for screening therapeutic compounds and also for the study of pathologies affecting the epidermis.
Time series forecasting based on a novel ensemble‐based network and variational mode decomposition
Authors: Nazarieh Fatemeh , Naderi Dehkordi Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStatistical and computational intelligence methods contain weaknesses in handling nonlinearity, non‐stationarity and noise. This research develops a novel decomposition ensemble‐based network named VMD‐DENetwork for time series forecasting over different horizons. A robust decomposition technique called variational mode decomposition (VMD) is applied to decompose the input sequence into several intrinsic modes in a non‐recursive manner. The optimal number of intrinsic modes is selected based on a comprehensive analysis to ensure the stability of the framework. The proposed DENetwork is developed based on stacking architecture and constitutes heterogeneous learners to model the nonlinear and complex relationships. It combines a convolutional neural network, long short‐term memory and an extreme learning machine. A firefly optimization algorithm is adopted for utilizing hyperparameters of the proposed model to enhance the efficiency of VMD‐DENetwork. The forecasting performance is verified by using six real‐world data sets from the New York Mercantile and International Petroleum Exchange. The final obtained results are compared with several peer‐advanced algorithms using the root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Theil inequality coefficient (TIC) and correlation coefficient (R) metrics. The experimental results confirm that the proposed model demonstrates outstanding prediction performance. The employed optimization algorithm is compared with three frequently used bio‐inspired optimization algorithms, and their performance is tested using standard CEC benchmarks.
Priming effect stimulates carbon release from thawed permafrost
Authors: He Mei , Li Qinlu , Chen Leiyi , Qin Shuqi , Kuzyakov Yakov , Liu Yang , Zhang Dianye , Feng Xuehui , Kou Dan , Wu Tonghua , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate warming leads to widespread permafrost thaw with a fraction of the thawed permafrost carbon (C) being released as carbon dioxide (CO2), thus triggering a positive permafrost C‐climate feedback. However, large uncertainty exists in the size of this model‐projected feedback, partly owing to the limited understanding of permafrost CO2 release through the priming effect (i.e., the stimulation of soil organic matter decomposition by external C inputs) upon thaw. By combining permafrost sampling from 24 sites on the Tibetan Plateau and laboratory incubation, we detected an overall positive priming effect (an increase in soil C decomposition by up to 31%) upon permafrost thaw, which increased with permafrost C density (C storage per area). We then assessed the magnitude of thawed permafrost C under future climate scenarios by coupling increases in active layer thickness over half a century with spatial and vertical distributions of soil C density. The thawed C stocks in the top 3 m of soils from the present (2000–2015) to the future period (2061–2080) were estimated at 1.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–1.2) and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0–1.7) Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g) C under moderate and high Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. We further predicted permafrost priming effect potential (priming intensity under optimal conditions) based on the thawed C and the empirical relationship between the priming effect and permafrost C density. By the period 2061–2080, the regional priming potentials could be 8.8 (95% CI: 7.4–10.2) and 10.0 (95% CI: 8.3–11.6) Tg (1 Tg = 1012 g) C year−1 under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. This large CO2 emission potential induced by the priming effect highlights the complex permafrost C dynamics upon thaw, potentially reinforcing permafrost C‐climate feedback.
Power and the perception of pregnancy in the academy
Authors: Percival Carter Erin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBecoming pregnant as an academic is risky. Many who want to become or find themselves pregnant structure their lives and careers to try to mitigate the potential negative effects of pregnancy on their future careers. Yet research continues to suggest that having been pregnant or being a mother significantly reduces the likelihood of career success compared to either being child‐free or a father. While in some cases success is defined as research productivity, in many cases, it is defined as simply remaining in academia. Governments, societies, and institutions bemoan the resulting “leaky pipelines” and speculate as to the causes of seemingly reinforced glass ceilings. Yet, underlying so many of the formal and informal conversations, norms, and policies surrounding pregnancy and academia is an implicit assumption that pregnancy and pregnant people are the problem to be solved and solutions thus require repairing some deficit created in the individual by pregnancy. In this article, I argue that pregnancy discrimination in academia is in large part a problem resulting from power and how it is wielded against pregnant people, both by institutions and by individuals. Using both a personal narrative account of the process, experience, and outcomes of pregnancy in the academy resulting in filing a formal Title IX complaint and a review of contemporary research on power, discrimination, and pregnancy, I explore how academic structures and systems nominally tasked with supporting equity can instead serve to exaggerate power differences and foster discrimination.
Comparative effects of three delivery systems of oral potassium on upper gastrointestinal mucosa
Authors: McLoughlin J C 
Published: April 2023

SummaryForty‐five healthy volunteers were recruited into a single‐blind randomly allocated parallel group study to determine the effects on the gastric mucosa of three different oral potassium supplements — (K‐Contin ContinusR) tablets, (Napp); Slow‐K tablets, (Ciba); Micro‐K Extencaps, (A H Robins).The volunteers were gastroscoped initially and after one week of treatment with one of the potassium tablets taken in conjunction with glycopyrrolate to delay gastric emptying. Post‐treatment, seven out of 15 volunteers taking Slow‐K tablets showed erosions and two showed hyperaemia only. Of the 15 taking Micro‐K, one showed erosions and two showed hyperaemia only. None of those given K‐Contin tablets showed erosions, but four showed hyperaemia only.
The irritable bowel syndrome, single sex representation and birth order
Authors: McaLlister C , Fielding J F 
Published: April 2023

SummarySingle sex representation and birth order in 100 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were determined and compared with those of 100 age and sex matched controls. Single sex members, in families with three or more children, were significantly more frequent in IBS. There was a trend for more IBS sufferers to be at the extremes of sibling constellation, particularly the youngest, but this did not reach statistical significance. These findings have not been previously reported.
Ascites associated with gross hypothyroidism
Authors: Robinson T J 
Published: April 2023

SummaryDiseases of the liver and thyroid can frequently co‐exist, and abnormalities in one organ can be accompanied by disturbances in laboratory tests reflecting dysfunction of the other1,2. The autoimmune diseases, such as thyroiditis, have been described as occurring with hepatitis or cirrhosis3 and abnormal thyroid function tests, implying thyrotoxicosis can occur in cirrhosis and, in particular, in patients with alcoholic liver disease 4,5. It would appear that treatment of thyrotoxicosis will usually bring liver function tests back to normal6. Hypothyroidism has been associated with abnormal levels of creatinine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartic transaminase, but these enzyme rises probably arise from muscle7. Significant reversible liver abnormality occurring with hypothyroidism does not appear to have been reported before and the following report suggests there could be an association.
Pyopneumopericardium — a complication of gastro‐oesophageal surgery
Authors: Bonser R S , Brewin E G 
Published: April 2023

SummaryPyopneumopericardium is a rare condition. It can occur as a result of penetrating external chest trauma or penetrating injury via the oesophagus. It can also occur as a consequence of inflammatory or malignant disease in neighbouring organs1,2. Spontaneous penetration of gastric ulcers, oesophagitis and gastric cancer into the pericardium have been reported3,4,5,6. Here we describe a case occurring as a complication of gastro‐oesophageal surgery for benign disease which was managed conservatively.