bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vector competence of sterile male Glossina fuscipes fuscipes for Trypanosoma brucei brucei: implications for the implementation of the sterile insect technique in a sleeping sickness focus in Chad
Authors: Mahamat Mahamat Hissene , Ségard Adeline , Rayaisse Jean-Baptiste , Argiles-Herrero Rafael , Parker Andrew Gordon , Solano Philippe , Abd-Alla Adly Mohamed Mohamed , Bouyer Jérémy , Ravel Sophie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by tsetse flies in sub-Saharan West Africa. In southern Chad the most active and persistent focus is the Mandoul focus, with 98% of the reported human cases, and where African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is also present. Recently, a control project to eliminate tsetse flies (Glossina fuscipes fuscipes) in this focus using the sterile insect technique (SIT) was initiated. However, the release of large numbers of sterile males of G. f. fuscipes might result in a potential temporary increase in transmission of trypanosomes since male tsetse flies are also able to transmit the parasite. The objective of this work was therefore to experimentally assess the vector competence of sterile males treated with isometamidium for Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

Methods
An experimental infection was set up in the laboratory, mimicking field conditions: the same tsetse species that is present in Mandoul was used. A T. b. brucei strain close to T. b. gambiense was used, and the ability of the sterile male tsetse flies fed on blood with and without a trypanocide to acquire and transmit trypanosomes was measured.

Results
Only 2% of the experimentally infected flies developed an immature infection (midgut) while none of the flies developed a metacyclic infection of T. b. brucei in the salivary glands. We did not observe any effect of the trypanocide used (isometamidium chloride at 100 mg/l) on the development of infection in the flies.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that sterile males of the tested strain of G. f. fuscipes were unable to cyclically transmit T. b. brucei and might even be refractory to the infection. The data of the research indicate that the risk of cyclical transmission of T. brucei by sterile male G. f. fuscipes of the strain colonized at IAEA for almost 40 years appears to be small.

Graphical Abstract
IoT trust and reputation: a survey and taxonomy
Authors: Aaqib Muhammad , Ali Aftab , Chen Liming , Nibouche Omar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIoT is one of the fastest-growing technologies and it is estimated that more than a billion devices would be utilised across the globe by the end of 2030. To maximise the capability of these connected entities, trust and reputation among IoT entities is essential. Several trust management models have been proposed in the IoT environment; however, these schemes have not fully addressed the IoT devices’ features, such as device’s role, device type and its dynamic behavior in a smart environment. As a result, traditional trust and reputation models are insufficient to tackle these characteristics and uncertainty risks while connecting nodes to the network. Whilst continuous study has been carried out and various articles suggest promising solutions in constrained environments, research on trust and reputation is still at its infancy. In this paper, we carry out a comprehensive literature review on state-of-the-art research on the trust and reputation of IoT devices and systems. Specifically, we first propose a new structure, namely a new taxonomy, to organise the trust and reputation models based on the ways trust is managed. The proposed taxonomy comprises of traditional trust management-based systems and artificial intelligence-based systems, and combine both the classes which encourage the existing schemes to adapt these emerging concepts. This collaboration between the conventional mathematical and the advanced ML models result in design schemes that are more robust and efficient. Then we drill down to compare and analyse the methods and applications of these systems based on community-accepted performance metrics,e.g. scalability, delay, cooperativeness and efficiency. Finally, built upon the findings of the analysis, we identify and discuss open research issues and challenges, and further speculate and point out future research directions.
Localized microglia dysregulation impairs central nervous system myelination in development
Authors: Holloway Rebecca K. , Zhang Liang , Molina-Gonzalez Irene , Ton Kathy , Nicoll James A. R. , Boardman James P. , Liang Yan , Williams Anna , Miron Veronique E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMyelination of neuronal axons is a critical aspect of central nervous system development and function. However, the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms influencing human developmental myelination and its failure are not fully understood. Here, we used digital spatial transcriptomics of a rare bank of human developing white matter to uncover that a localized dysregulated innate immune response is associated with impeded myelination. We identified that poorly myelinating areas have a distinct signature of Type II interferon signalling in microglia/macrophages, relative to adjacent myelinating areas. This is associated with a surprising increase in mature oligodendrocytes, which fail to form myelin processes appropriately. We functionally link these findings by showing that conditioned media from interferon-stimulated microglia is sufficient to dysregulate myelin process formation by oligodendrocytes in culture. We identify the Type II interferon inducer, Osteopontin (SPP1), as being upregulated in poorly myelinating brains, indicating a potential biomarker. Our results reveal the importance of microglia-mature oligodendrocyte interaction and interferon signaling in regulating myelination of the developing human brain.
The earliest known artificial synthesized ε-Fe2O3 in the Deqing Kiln ceramic ware of Tang Dynasty
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Zhifang , Zhou Jianzhong , Kang Baoqiang , Ding Yinzhong , Guan Ming , Wei Xiangjun , Lei Yong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Metastable ε-Fe2O3 was discovered on a ceramic ware of Deqing kiln of the Tang Dynasty, which coexists with α-Fe2O3 in the brown area between adjacent black glaze areas, and it is the earliest known artificially synthesized ε-Fe2O3. Based on the composition analysis of α-Fe2O3, ε-Fe2O3 and the glass phase around them, it is speculated that some Fe3+ ions were replaced by Al3+ ions during the formation of ε-Fe2O3, and a relatively low CaO content may be required for its crystallization. This work may promote researchers' understanding of ε-Fe2O3 crystals, and provide clues for the artificial synthesis of large ε-Fe2O3 crystals.
Prehospital tranexamic acid for trauma victims
Authors: Omori Kazuhiko , Roberts Ian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe public enquiry into the mass casualty incident at the Manchester Arena in the UK in which 23 people died and over 1000 were injured, identified the need for timely intramuscular administration of tranexamic acid to trauma patients. Since then, a number of studies and trials have been carried out and UK paramedics are now authorized to give intramuscular tranexamic acid in the pre-hospital setting. In Japan, pre-hospital administration by emergency life-saving technicians is not yet authorized, despite the fact that tranexamic acid was invented by Japanese scientists. In Japan, the need for the pre-hospital administration of tranexamic acid has been raised on several occasions, where a patient died from traumatic bleeding prior to hospital admission. This paper summarizes the evidence on the use of tranexamic acid in patients with traumatic bleeding, including new evidence on the intramuscular route.
Growth performance, caecal microbiome profile, short-chain fatty acids, and litter characteristics in response to placement on reused litter and combined threonine, arginine and glutamine supplementation to juvenile male broiler chickens
Authors: Hussein Marwa A. , Khattak Farina , Vervelde Lonneke , Athanasiadou Spiridoula , Houdijk Jos G. M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Exposure of broilers to litter microbiome may increase specific amino acid (AA) requirements towards activated immune responses. This may challenge the generality of the ideal protein (IP) concept, in which dietary essential AA to lysine ratios aimed to mimic presumably constant AA to lysine ratios in whole bird requirements. Therefore, we tested the effect of threonine, arginine and glutamine (TAG) supplementation to IP-based control diets (C) on performance, caecal microbiome composition, short-chain fatty acids and litter characteristics of broiler chickens placed on reused litter.

Results
Thirty-two pens with ten male broiler chickens each were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of two diet treatments (with or without TAG supplementation) and two litter treatments (placement on clean or reused litter) for 21 days (n = 8). Caecal contents were analysed for microbiome profile using percent guanine + cytosine (%G + C profile) method and short chain fatty acids. TAG-supplemented birds underperformed compared to C birds (P = 0.002), whereas birds placed on reused litter outperformed those on clean litter (P = 0.047). Diet, reused litter and their interaction impacted the %G + C profile at different ranges. Whilst TAG supplementation reduced bacterial abundance at %G + C 51–56 (P < 0.05), reused litter placement tended to reduce %G + C 23–31 and increase %G + C 56–59 (P < 0.10). However, TAG supplementation reduced bacterial abundance at %G + C 47–51 (P < 0.05) and increased caecal branched chain fatty acids on clean litter only (P = 0.025). Greater levels of propionic acid were observed for C birds placed on reused litter only (P = 0.008). Litter pH was greater for reused litter pens than clean litter pens at day 21 (P < 0.001). In addition, litter moisture content was less for TAG birds and reused litter pens compared to C birds (P = 0.041) and clean litter pens (P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions
These data support the view that irrespective of performance benefits arising from bird placement on reused litter, TAG supplementation to IP-formulated baseline rations impaired growth, supported by the lowered abundance of caecal bacteria known to dominate in well-performing birds and greater levels of caecal branched chain fatty acids.
Cascade Analysis for Women Presenting With Breast Concerns to a Zonal Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Friebel-Klingner Tara M. , Joo Emma , Kirahi Matogoro , Pace Lydia E. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Masalu Nestory , Washington Leonard , Rositch Anne F. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE In Tanzania, high breast cancer mortality can be attributed to delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation. We adapted the cascade analysis method to depict sequential steps along the breast cancer care pathway in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, to identify where correction of loss to attrition would have the biggest impact on improving outcomes. METHODS This prospective cohort included adult women presenting with breast concerns between February 2020 and January 2022. Five cascade steps beginning with patients' initial clinical breast assessment (CBA) through cancer treatment were identified: (1) CBA, (2) ordering diagnostic test(s), (3) completion of diagnostic test(s), (4) receipt of final diagnosis, and (5) initiating cancer treatment. RESULTS Overall, 721 eligible women with a median age of 42.8 years (IQR, 32.5-55.0) were included. Median time from presentation to treatment initiation was 35 days (IQR, 20-63). For step 1, 39.1% (n = 282) of patients were diagnosed with a benign concern and removed from the cascade. Completion rates for steps 2-4 were 95.0%, 90.2%, and 91.0, respectively. There were 156 (45.6%) patients diagnosed with breast cancer, and for step 5, 71.2% of patients initiated cancer treatment. In steps 2, 3, 4, and 5, there was a loss of 22, 41, 34, and 45 patients, respectively. If loss was eliminated at steps 2, 3, 4, or 5, an additional 6, 12, 11, or 45 patients, respectively, would have completed the pathway. CONCLUSION Initiating cancer treatment was identified as the step with the biggest loss and, if remedied, would have the biggest impact on improving breast cancer outcomes at Bugando Medical Centre. These results will inform future programs focused on reducing overall loss in the system and supporting patients with breast cancer.
Analysis of the Mortality Trends of 23 Major Cancers in the Indian Population Between 2000 and 2019: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis
Authors: Shaji Ajil , Keechilat Pavithran , DK Vijaykumar , Sauvaget Catherine 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE Cancer mortality trends have not been documented across the population of India. We, therefore, analyzed the overall and individual cancer mortality trends for 23 major cancers between 2000 and 2019 on the basis of Global Health Observatory (GHO) database. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study examined cancer mortality trends for 23 major cancer sites on the basis of 12.85 million cancer deaths obtained from the GHO of the WHO between 2000 and 2019. A joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the long-term trends of cancer mortality. Annual percentage change (APC) and average APC were estimated for various cancer sites. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2019, 12.85 million deaths occurred in India from 23 major cancers. The most common lethal cancers were mouth and oropharyngeal (15.6%), stomach (10.6%), lung (9.6%), breast (9%), and colorectal (8%) cancers. The mortality trend decreased by 0.19% annually among men and increased nonsignificantly by 0.25% among women; an increase of 0.02% was observed among combined sexes. Increasing mortality trends were seen among cancers of the lung, breast, colorectum, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, and mesothelioma between 2000 and 2019. The highest annual increase in mortality was observed in pancreatic cancer among both sexes: 2.7%, 2.1% among men, and 3.7% in women. The cancers of the stomach, esophagus, leukemia, larynx, and melanoma showed a declining cancer mortality trend irrespective of sex. CONCLUSION A multifaceted strategy is required to tackle the rising cancer mortality rates in India; the best long-term strategy could be implementing awareness on cancer symptoms among the population as well as cancer prevention policies with improved health infrastructure and specifically dedicated human resources.
Dosimetric investigation of whole-brain radiotherapy with helical intensity modulated radiation therapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy for scalp sparing
Authors: Shirata Ryosuke , Inoue Tatsuya , Sugimoto Satoru , Saito Anneyuko I , Omura Motoko , Minagawa Yumiko , Sasai Keisuke 
Published: March 2023

Objective: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a well-established radiotherapy technique for delivering radiation to cancer with high conformity while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Two main purposes of this study are: (1) to investigate dose calculation accuracy of helical IMRT (HIMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) on surface region and (2) to evaluate the dosimetric efficacy of HIMRT and VMAT for scalp-sparing in whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods: First, using a radiochromic film and water-equivalent phantom with three types of boluses (1, 3, 5 mm), calculation/measurement dose agreement at the surface region in the VMAT and HIMRT plans were examined. Then, HIMRT, 6MV-VMAT and 10MV-VMAT with scalp-sparing, and two conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy plans (6MV-3DCRT and 10MV-3DCRT; as reference data) were created for 30 patients with brain metastasis (30 Gy/10 fractions). The mean dose to the scalp and the scalp volume receiving 24 and 30 Gy were compared. Results: The percentage dose differences between the calculation and measurement were within 7%, except for the HIMRT plan at a depth of 1 mm. The averaged mean scalp doses [Gy], V24Gy [%], and V30Gy [%] (1SD) for 6MV-3DCRT, 10MV-3DCRT, HIMRT, 6MV-VMAT, and 10MV-VMAT were [26.6 (1.1), 86.4 (7.3), 13.2 (4.2)], [25.4 (1.0), 77.8 (7.5), 13.2 (4.2)], [23.2 (1.5), 42.8 (19.2), 0.2 (0.5)], [23.6 (1.6), 47.5 (17.9), 1.2 (1.8)], and [22.7 (1.7), 36.4 (17.6), 0.7 (1.1)], respectively. Conclusion: Regarding the dose parameters, HIMRT achieved a lower scalp dose compared with 6MV-VMAT. However, the highest ability to reduce the mean scalp dose was showed in 10MV-VMAT. Advances in knowledge: Scalp-sparing WBRT using HIMRT or VMAT may prevent radiation-induced alopecia in patients with BM.
Harjutamine teeb meistriks ehk käsitöölise muljeid Richard Sennetti raamatust „Taidur“ / Practicing makes the master. A craftsperson’s perspective on Richard Sennett’s “The Craftsman”
Authors: Jõeste Kristi 
Published: March 2023

In her review, Kristi Jõeste, an Estonian glove-knitting master, reflects on Sennett’s ideas in The Craftsman which have appealed to her the most: the persona of a craftsman, craftsmanship, tacit knowledge, skills and practice, motivation, routine tolerance, dialogue with materials, and the connection between hand and head. While ’craft’ in English is defined as a skillful process of making something, the Estonian definitions of ’käsitöö’ do not mention skills – the intellectual component of making – at all. In Estonian there are four definitions for ’käsitöö’ in dictionaries:
1) small-scale serial production made by hand with simple tools; 2) work made by hand, especially all sorts of crafting and needlework; 3) handmade object for practical or decorative purposes; 4) dull, poor-quality creation, especially in arts and literature.
Thence, the slightly negative semantic background of ’käsitöö’ perhaps justifies bringing an old and rare Finnish-rooted ’taidur’ into a wider use rather than translating the title as ’käsitööline’, hoping that it could bring artists, designers and craftspeople closer to each other.
Sennett argues that genuine craftsmen share the urge to do their work in the finest possible way, and it is a matter of personal satisfaction rather than a need to show off or get reward from others. Becoming a master in crafts requires routine engagement in order to acquire skill; he proposes that ca 10 000 hours of exercise is needed before a certain level of mastery is achieved and where self-reflection can produce novel results.
In summary, the book is a well-argumented mixture of conceptions related to crafts. It offers insights into thinking about crafts and linking the ideas with different practices. In this respect, it is a philosophical writing asking questions about how the craftsman dwells in reality.
Cross-Laminated Timber Panels Produced from Low-Grade Yellow-Poplar Sorted by Structural Visual Grade
Authors: da Rosa Azambuja Rafael , DeVallance David B. , McNeel Joseph , Dahle Gregory A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Low-grade yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) graded No. 2 Common, and No. 3 Common (National Hardwood Lumber Association - NHLA rules) is mainly used by the industry to produce wood pallets. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels are options to diversify the usage and increase the value of this material. Therefore, the objective of this study was to produce CLT panels from a population of NHLA graded No. 2A, No. 2B, No. 3A, and No. 3B lumber and to evaluate whether the panel properties meet the bending criteria (major strength direction) and adhesive bond requirements listed for “V” type CLT in ANSI/APA PRG 320-2019 (2020) using Northeastern Lumber Association Manufacturers No. 2 and No. 3 in longitudinal and transverse layers, respectively. Ten panels were produced to evaluate the bond quality and mechanical properties. The bond test results showed average delamination under 5 percent and were more frequent in the central areas of the panel than in the outer panel areas. The results from testing showed that the calculated allowable stress-design bending-strength (major direction) value for the yellow-poplar CLT panels was 1,718 psi (11.84 MPa), which corresponds to a value 90 percent higher than V1 (900 psi, 6.20 MPa) layups. Modulus of elasticity (MOE; major direction) was comparable to V2 and V3, with an average MOE of 1.39 by 106 psi (9,584 MPa). Based on these findings, the study indicated the potential for using low-grade yellow-poplar lumber to produce CLT panels. However, more research is needed to evaluate other mechanical properties in both the major and minor axis.
Pregnancy intentions' relationship with infant, pregnancy, maternal, and early childhood outcomes: Evidence from births in Alaska, Missouri, and Oklahoma
Authors: Hobby Erica , Mark Nicholas D. E. , Gemmill Alison , Cowan Sarah K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesMuch of reproductive health care policy in the United States focuses on enabling women to have intended pregnancies. Investigating whether the association between pregnancy intention and adverse outcomes for mothers and children in the immediate and longer term is due to intention or a mother's demographics provides valuable context for policy makers aiming to improve maternal and child outcomes.MethodsWe investigated relationships between pregnancy intention and pregnancy, infant, early childhood, and maternal outcomes using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey, conducted 2–8 months after the child's birth, and follow‐up surveys from three states (Alaska, Missouri, and Oklahoma), administered at age 2–3 years old. We used logistic regressions with inverse propensity weights to measure associations, accounting for potential confounding factors.ResultsAfter inverse propensity weighting, pregnancy intention was associated with adverse maternal pregnancy behaviors but not most infant outcomes. Mothers who reported an unwanted pregnancy were associated with increased odds of the child receiving a developmental delay diagnosis. Among those who did not report depression prior to pregnancy, mothers with unwanted pregnancies were more likely to experience persistent depression, and mothers with pregnancies mistimed by two or more years had a higher likelihood of experiencing depression postpartum or in the follow up period.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that pregnancy intention is less consequential for maternal and child well‐being than socio‐economic disadvantage, suggesting that re‐orienting policy toward social conditions and reproductive autonomy will serve better individual and population health.