bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroreductive coupling of benzaldehyde by balancing the formation and dimerization of the ketyl intermediate
Authors: Yu Jia , Zhang Peng , Li Lulu , Li Kailang , Zhang Gong , Liu Jia , Wang Tuo , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Gong Jinlong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectroreductive coupling of biomass-derived benzaldehyde offers a sustainable approach to producing value-added hydrobenzoin. The low efficiency of the reaction mainly ascribes to the mismatch of initial formation and subsequent dimerization of ketyl intermediates (Ph-CH = O → Ph-C·-OH → Ph-C(OH)-C(OH)-Ph). This paper describes a strategy to balance the active sites for the generation and dimerization of ketyl intermediates by constructing bimetallic Pd/Cu electrocatalysts with tunable surface coverage of Pd. A Faradaic efficiency of 63.2% and a hydrobenzoin production rate of up to 1.27 mmol mg−1h−1(0.43 mmol cm−2h−1) are achieved at −0.40 Vvs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that Pd promotes the generation of the ketyl intermediate, and Cu enhances their dimerization. Moreover, the balance between these two sites facilitates the coupling of benzaldehyde towards hydrobenzoin. This work offers a rational strategy to design efficient electrocatalysts for complex reactions through the optimization of specified active sites for different reaction steps.
Evolutionary rescue of resistant mutants is governed by a balance between radial expansion and selection in compact populations
Authors: Aif Serhii , Appold Nico , Kampman Lucas , Hallatschek Oskar , Kayser Jona 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMutation-mediated treatment resistance is one of the primary challenges for modern antibiotic and anti-cancer therapy. Yet, many resistance mutations have a substantial fitness cost and are subject to purifying selection. How emerging resistant lineages may escape purifying selection via subsequent compensatory mutations is still unclear due to the difficulty of tracking such evolutionary rescue dynamics in space and time. Here, we introduce a system of fluorescence-coupled synthetic mutations to show that the probability of evolutionary rescue, and the resulting long-term persistence of drug resistant mutant lineages, is dramatically increased in dense microbial populations. By tracking the entire evolutionary trajectory of thousands of resistant lineages in expanding yeast colonies we uncover an underlying quasi-stable equilibrium between the opposing forces of radial expansion and natural selection, a phenomenon we term inflation-selection balance. Tailored computational models and agent-based simulations corroborate the fundamental nature of the observed effects and demonstrate the potential impact on drug resistance evolution in cancer. The described phenomena should be considered when predicting multi-step evolutionary dynamics in any mechanically compact cellular population, including pathogenic microbial biofilms and solid tumors. The insights gained will be especially valuable for the quantitative understanding of response to treatment, including emerging evolution-based therapy strategies.
Accurate temperature diagnostics for matter under extreme conditions
Authors: Dornheim Tobias , Böhme Maximilian , Kraus Dominik , Döppner Tilo , Preston Thomas R. , Moldabekov Zhandos A. , Vorberger Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe experimental investigation of matter under extreme densities and temperatures, as in astrophysical objects and nuclear fusion applications, constitutes one of the most active frontiers at the interface of material science, plasma physics, and engineering. The central obstacle is given by the rigorous interpretation of the experimental results, as even the diagnosis of basic parameters like the temperature T is rendered difficult at these extreme conditions. Here, we present a simple, approximation-free method to extract the temperature of arbitrarily complex materials in thermal equilibrium from X-ray Thomson scattering experiments, without the need for any simulations or an explicit deconvolution. Our paradigm can be readily implemented at modern facilities and corresponding experiments will have a profound impact on our understanding of warm dense matter and beyond, and open up a variety of appealing possibilities in the context of thermonuclear fusion, laboratory astrophysics, and related disciplines.
Association of plasma cystatin C with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and elderly individuals: a prospective community-based cohort study
Authors: Wu Jinhua , Liang Yuemei , Chen Rong , Xu Linli , Ou Zejin , Liang Haiying , Zhao Lina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigated the associations of plasma cystatin C with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk and identified potential modifying factors affecting these associations in middle-aged and elderly people (≥ 50 years). This community-based prospective cohort study included 13,913 individuals aged ≥ 50 years from the Health and Retirement Study. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the associations between cystatin C concentrations and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular and cancer mortality after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, self-reported medical history, and other potential confounding factors. During a total of 71,988 person-years of follow-up (median: 5.8 years; interquartile range 3.3–7.6 years), 1893 all-cause deaths were documented, including 714 cardiovascular-related and 406 cancer-related deaths. The comparisons of the groups with the highest (quartile 4) and lowest (quartile 1) cystatin C concentrations revealed that the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 1.92 (1.62–2.28) for all-cause mortality, 1.98 (1.48–2.65) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.62 (1.13–2.32) for cancer mortality. The associations of cystatin C concentrations with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality did not differ substantially when participants were stratified by sex, age, BMI, current smoking status, current alcohol consumption, and regular exercise (all P for interactions > 0.05). Our study indicates that an elevated plasma cystatin C concentration is associated with an increased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality both men and women among the middle-aged and elderly individuals.
Effect of Populus nigra spring and autumn leaves extract on Capsicum annuum infected with pepper mild mottle virus
Authors: Gharib H. A. , Mandour A. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCapsicum annuum is one of the main vegetable crops for the local market and exportation in Egypt. In this concern, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) infection caused a significant decrease in Capsicum sp. leading to large economic losses. An isolate of PMMoV was obtained from naturally infected pepper plants, exhibiting different patterns of mottling, leaf distortion, yellowing, and stunting of leaves. The virus was identified. The molecular detection of PMMoV was done using RT-PCR with specific primers designed for coat protein genes. An RT-PCR product (474) bp of the coat protein gene of (PMMoV) was cloned. The target of the investigation was the effect of spring and autumn ethanol extracts of Populus nigra leaves on C. annuum seedling growth and infected C. annuum with (PMMoV) under greenhouse conditions. The experimental data showed that treated spring leaf extract of P. nigra enhanced infected C. annuum seedling growth parameters and fruit quality compared to uninfected seedlings. P. nigra spring leaf extract containing some allo-chemicals had a negative effect on uninfected seedlings. P. nigra autumn leaf extract significantly improved the growth and fruit quality of infected C. annuum seedlings compared to the control.
Preparation and characterization of carex meyeriana Kunthcellulose nanofibers by electrospinning
Authors: Sun Ying , Yu Yang , Li Duanxin , Kong Weishuai , Yang Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe cellulose of carex meyeriana kunth (CMKC) was used as raw material, and the spinning solution was prepared by combining with polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The nano-cellulose fiber of carex meyeriana kunth (CMKN) was prepared by electrospinning. Used to remove methylene blue dye (MB) in aqueous solution. In the electrospinning experiment, the addition of CMKC was in the range of 5% ~ 25%, the feed rate of spinning parameters was set in the range of 0.2 ~ 1.0 mL/h, the distance from the needle tip to the collecting plate was in the range of 10 ~ 25 cm, and the voltage was changed in the range of 15 ~ 25 kV. The obtained CMKN was characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The MB removal rate was evaluated in the dye removal experiment, and the effects of CMKN on MB removal rate under the factors of CMKC dosage, temperature, shock time and MB initial concentration were discussed. The optimum process conditions were determined by response surface methodology. The results show that the prepared fibers are superfine fibers with nanometer diameter, and the spun nanofibers have smooth surface, high overall orientation and strong uniformity. The adsorption kinetics of prepared CMKN accords with quasi-second order model, and the adsorption isotherm accords with Langmuir model. The maximum dye removal rate of CMKN is 63.24%.
Judgment of duration and passage of time in prospective and retrospective conditions and its predictors for short and long durations
Authors: Martinelli Natalia , Droit-Volet Sylvie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study investigated participants' verbal duration judgment and judgment of passage of time (PoT) when presented with an image for a few seconds (20 to 45 s) or minutes (80 to 180 s) with prospective and retrospective temporal judgment instruction, with their level of attention devoted to time tested. Their self-reported levels of emotion and attention were also assessed, as well as their individual impulsivity traits. Structural equation analyses showed that the best predictor of PoT judgment was emotion (boredom) regardless of duration range. For duration judgment, the best predictor for short durations was attention-related factors. However, for long durations, these factors ceased to be significant and were replaced by emotion, in the same way as for the PoT judgment. Indeed, these analyses suggested that duration judgment and PoT judgment were related for long durations of more than one minute, whereas they were not related for short durations of a few seconds.
Effects of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milvexian, a potent, selective, oral small molecule factor XIa inhibitor
Authors: Perera Vidya , Wang Zhaoqing , Lubin Susan , Christopher Lisa J. , Chen Wei , Xu Sophia , Seiffert Dietmar , DeSouza Mary , Murthy Bindu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMilvexian (BMS-986177/JNJ-70033093) is a potent, oral small molecule that inhibits the active form of factor XI with high affinity and selectivity. This study assessed the single-dose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of milvexian co-administered with rifampin, an organic anion transport protein (OATP) inhibitor and potent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inducer. In this open-label, nonrandomized, single-sequence study, healthy participants (N = 16) received single doses of milvexian on Day 1 (100 mg), milvexian and rifampin (600 mg) on Day 4, rifampin on Days 5–11, milvexian and rifampin on Day 12, and rifampin on Days 13–14. Pharmacokinetic data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Administration of milvexian, alone or in combination with rifampin, was generally safe and well tolerated. Single-dose co-administration of rifampin and milvexian demonstrated no meaningful changes in milvexian exposure versus milvexian alone (Cmax, 110%; AUC[0–T], 102%; AUC[INF], 101%). After multiple doses of rifampin and milvexian, peak and total milvexian exposure substantially decreased versus milvexian alone (Cmax, 22%; AUC[0–T], 15%; AUC[INF], 15%). Results were consistent with preclinical data, indicating that milvexian is a substrate for CYP3A4/5 and P-gp but not OATP. The implications of these results on the need for dose adjustment of milvexian will be further elucidated following the completion of phase 2 and 3 trials.Trial registration The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02959060; submitted 7/11/2016, first posted 8/11/2016).
The plyometric activity as a conditioning to enhance strength and precision of the finger movements in pianists
Authors: Muramatsu Kaito , Oku Takanori , Furuya Shinichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStability of timing and force production in repetitive movements characterizes skillful motor behaviors such as surgery and playing musical instruments. However, even trained individuals such as musicians undergo further extensive training for the improvement of these skills. Previous studies that investigated the lower extremity movements such as jumping and sprinting demonstrated enhancement of the maximum force and rate of force development immediately after the plyometric exercises. However, it remains unknown whether the plyometric exercises enhance the stability of timing and force production of the dexterous finger movements in trained individuals. Here we address this issue by examining the effects of plyometric exercise specialized for finger movements on piano performance. We compared the training-related changes in the piano-key motion and several physiological features of the finger muscles (e.g., electromyography, rate of force development, and muscle temperature) by well-trained pianists. The conditioning demonstrated a decrease of the variation in timing and velocity of successive keystrokes, along with a concomitant increase in the rate of force development of the four fingers, but not the thumb, although there was no change in the finger muscular activities through the activity. By contrast, such a conditioning effect was not evident following a conventional repetitive piano practice. In addition, a significant increase in the forearm muscle temperature was observed specifically through performing the plyometric exercise with the fingers, implying its association with improved performance. These results indicate effectiveness of the plyometric exercises for improvement of strength, precision, and physiological efficiency of the finger movements even in expert pianists, which implicates that ways of practicing play a key role in enhancing experts’ expertise.
Commerson’s dolphin population structure: evidence for female phylopatry and male dispersal
Authors: Durante Cristian Alberto , Loizaga Rocio , McCracken Gregory R. , Crespo Enrique Alberto , Ruzzante Daniel E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA key in species conservation is understanding the amount and distribution of genetic diversity and how environmental changes that occurred in the recent past may have influenced current patterns of population structure. Commerson’s dolphin,Cephalorhynchus commersonii, has two subspecies, one of which is endemic to South America (C. commersonii commersonii) and little is known about its population genetics. Our objective was to investigate the population genetics of this subspecies throughout its distribution. Using 70 skin samples and information available in GenBank, 308 mitochondrial DNA sequences and 28 species-specific microsatellites were analyzed. The species presented low genetic diversity when compared to other dolphin species, but was consistent with other species within the genus. Strong population structure based on mitochondrial DNA was exhibited throughout its entire distribution, a pattern consistent with female philopatry. However, this pattern was not detected when using microsatellites, suggesting male-mediated gene flow. Demographic tests suggested a population expansion beginning approximately 15,000 years ago, after the Last Glacial Maximum. In a climate change scenario, we recommended considering each sampling location as an independent population management unit in order to evaluate the impact of possible environmental changes on the distribution of genetic information within the species.
Proline-rich protein from S. mutans can perform a competitive mineralization function to enhance bacterial adhesion to teeth
Authors: Tian Kun , Xiao Chengwei , Chen Yue , Zhou Min , Guo Jun , Ren Xiaohua , Du Qin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA proline-rich region was found in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) surface antigen I/II (Ag I/II). The functions of this region were explored to determine its role in the cariogenic abilities of S. mutans; specifically, the proline-rich region was compared with human amelogenin. The full-length amelogenin genes were cloned from human (AmH) and surface antigen I/II genes from S. mutans. Then, the genes expressed and purified. We analyzed the structure and self-assembly ability of AmH and Ag I/II, compared their capacities to induce mineralization, and assessed the adhesion ability of S. mutans to AmH- and Ag I/II-coated tooth slices. AmH formed ordered chains and net frames in the early stage of protein self-assembly, while Ag I/II formed irregular and overlapping structures. AmH induced mineralization possessed a parallel rosary structure, while Ag I/II-induced mineralization is rougher and more irregular. The S. mutans adhesion assay indicated that the adhesion ability S. mutans on the Ag I/II-induced crystal layer was significantly higher than that on the AmH-induced crystal layer. S. mutans’ Ag I/II may have evolved to resemble human amelogenin and form a rougher crystal layer on teeth, which play a competitive mineralization role and promotes better bacterial adhesion and colonization. Thus, the cariogenic ability of S. mutans Ag I/II is increased.
Factors influencing return to work after surgery for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow
Authors: Giöstad Alice , Zimmerman Malin , Anker Ilka , Dahlin Erik , Dahlin Lars B. , Nyman Erika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUlnar nerve compression at the elbow (UNE) frequently affects people of working age. Surgically treated patients may not immediately return to work (RTW) postoperatively. In 2008, the Swedish Social Insurance Agency reformed the national insurance policy. We aimed to examine RTW postoperatively for UNE, variations among surgical methods, and potential risk factors for prolonged RTW (sick leave > 6 weeks). Surgically treated cases of UNE (n = 635) from two time periods (2004–2008 and 2009–2014) and two healthcare regions (Southern and South-eastern) were studied retrospectively regarding age, sex, comorbidities, occupation, type of surgery and time to RTW. A sub-analysis of the exact number of weeks before RTW (n = 201) revealed longer RTW for unemployed cases compared to employed cases. Prolonged RTW was seen among younger, manual workers and after transposition or revision surgery. Prolonged RTW was approximately four times more likely after transposition than after simple decompression. Comparisons before and after 2008 showed occupational differences and differences in RTW, where cases operated before 2008 more often had permanent sickness benefit, but the reform of the social insurance system did not seem to influence RTW. In conclusion, unemployment, younger age at surgery, manual labour, transposition, and revision surgery were related to prolonged RTW.
Haploinsufficiency of Shank3 increases the orientation selectivity of V1 neurons
Authors: Ortiz-Cruz Carlos Alberto , Marquez Emiliano Jimenez , Linares-García Carlos Iván , Perera-Murcia Gerardo Rodrigo , Ramiro-Cortés Yazmín 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose hallmarks are social deficits, language impairment, repetitive behaviors, and sensory alterations. It has been reported that patients with ASD show differential activity in cortical regions, for instance, increased neuronal activity in visual processing brain areas and atypical visual perception compared with healthy subjects. The causes of these alterations remain unclear, although many studies demonstrate that ASD has a strong genetic correlation. An example is Phelan–McDermid syndrome, caused by a deletion of the Shank3 gene in one allele of chromosome 22. However, the neuronal consequences relating to the haploinsufficiency of Shank3 in the brain remain unknown. Given that sensory abnormalities are often present along with the core symptoms of ASD, our goal was to study the tuning properties of the primary visual cortex to orientation and direction in awake, head-fixed Shank3+/− mice. We recorded neural activity in vivo in response to visual gratings in the primary visual cortex from a mouse model of ASD (Shank3+/− mice) using the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f, imaged with a two-photon microscope through a cranial window. We found that Shank3+/− mice showed a higher proportion of neurons responsive to drifting gratings stimuli than wild-type mice. Shank3+/− mice also show increased responses to some specific stimuli. Furthermore, analyzing the distributions of neurons for the tuning width, we found that Shank3+/− mice have narrower tuning widths, which was corroborated by analyzing the orientation selectivity. Regarding this, Shank3+/− mice have a higher proportion of selective neurons, specifically neurons showing increased selectivity to orientation but not direction. Thus, the haploinsufficiency of Shank3 modified the neuronal response of the primary visual cortex.
Deep learning-based 3D OCT imaging for detection of lamina cribrosa defects in eyes with high myopia
Authors: Ota-Itadani Mako , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Mao Zaixing , Igarashi-Yokoi Tae , Yoshida Takeshi , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe lamina cribrosa (LC) is a collagenous tissue located in the optic nerve head, and its dissection is observed in eyes with pathologic myopia as a LC defect (LCD). The diagnosis of LCD has been difficult because the LC is located deep beneath the retinal nerve fibers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and three-dimensional shape of LCDs in highly myopic eyes. Swept-source OCT scan images of a 3 × 3-mm cube centered on the optic disc were obtained from 119 eyes of 62 highly myopic patients. Each LC was manually labelled in cross-sectional OCT images along the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) was trained with the manually labeled images, and the trained DCNN was applied to the detection of the LC in every image in each plane. Three-dimensional images of the LC were generated from the labeled image of each eye. The results showed that LCDs were detected in 12 of the 42 (29%) eyes in which an LC was visible. The LCDs ran vertically at the temporal edge of the optic disc. In conclusion, 3D OCT imaging with the application of DCNN is helpful in diagnosing LCDs.