bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric, response surface, and adjoint optimizations of the underbody diffuser of a generic ground vehicle
Authors: Akar Mustafa Atakan , Baş Oğuz 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYIt is a known fact in the literature that diffusers improve vehicle aerodynamics in terms of lift and drag forces. However, their effectiveness and efficiencies are quite sensitive to the design parameters. In this article, the underbody diffuser of a generic ground vehicle, Ahmed body, was optimized via CFD software of Ansys Fluent, step by step with parametric, response surface, and discrete adjoint techniques, respectively. Three numerical models (parametric, response surface, and adjoint models) have been created considering optimum force output for each optimization method, and qualitative and quantitative assessments were made on these models to compare flow characteristics and force coefficients with the base model. As a result, force coefficients are lower by 48.6, 49.3, and 52.8 counts for CD, 499.6, 547.4, and 528.2 counts for CL at parametric, response surface, and adjoint optimization phases compared with the base model, respectively. It is observed that diffusers help to improve flow transition and relief underbody and reduce the airflow over the upperbody zone by directing it to the underbody. However, detailed quantitative assessments show that it comes out that the contribution of the underbody to total CD may increase due to lower pressure distribution diffuser upsweep caused by higher mass flow beneath the model. These results demonstrate the importance of effective utilization and further controlling of underbody flow when using an underbody diffuser.
Egg shelf life can be extended using varied proportions of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite coatings
Authors: Shurmasti Dariush Khademi , Kermani Pezhman Riazi , Sarvarian Maryam , Awuchi Chinaza Godswill 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing biopolymers in the form of edible coating as egg eco‐friendly packaging is a progressive approach. The blending of biopolymers is one of the procedures for overcoming mechanical weakness and benefiting from their maximum synergistic effect. Aiming to determine the relative ratios of chitosan (CH 4 w/v%) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 5 w/v%) in the composition of blended coatings, an experiment was conducted with six treatments (r = 3) including different ratios of CH/PVA (0:0; control, 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) wt% in a period of 4 weeks of egg storage at ambient temperature, emphasizing eggshell barrier properties. Based on the eggshell analysis result, SEM images and FTIR spectra demonstrated that the components were firmly integrated into the blended coatings as well as had more intertwined than their pure ones, which was also reflected in the evaluation results of their internal quality parameters. In addition, the results showed that by enhancing the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol from 25 to 75 wt%, the blended coating barrier efficiency was relatively improved (p < .05). Meanwhile, the lowest percentage of weight loss (0.57 ± 0.08%), pH value of albumin (8.30 ± 0.04), the highest values of Haugh unit (61.00 ± 0.07), yolk index (0.37 ± 0.02) were observed in eggs coated with CH/PVA 25:75 wt%. But there was no difference in 50 or 70 wt% PVA significantly. Therefore, the CH/PVA blended coatings containing around 50–75 wt% PVA, as egg biodegradable packaging, can be used to extend the shelf life for 2–3 weeks at ambient temperature.
Pioneering excellence or fleeing mediocracy? Why venture capital firms internationalize
Authors: Kollmann Harald , Müllner Jakob , Puck Jonas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryTheories and empirical evidence on the competitive motives for VC internationalization are unclear and contradictory. In our study, we adopt a performance feedback perspective to explain VC firms' motives to venture abroad. We leverage unique peer‐performance data on 295 VC funds and 2954 VC investments and find support for our hypotheses that performance below (a) peer, (b) historical, or (c) market aspiration levels drives VCs exodus to (a) foreign and (b) more distant markets. Our study complements theories on internationalization with an organization ecology perspective that acknowledges internationalization as an attempt at adaptation triggered by poor performance.Managerial SummaryVenture capitalists (VC) are not just owners, but take an active role in shaping their portfolio companies' strategies. This causes them to favor investments in their geographic and psychic proximity to allow hands‐on business development. Nevertheless, the share of cross‐border investments by VCs has risen steadily in past years. Our research shows that this internationalization is not solely driven by pioneering and successful VCs but oftentimes by VCs struggling to achieve performance levels. This notion of internationalization by the weakest has important firm‐level consequences.
Dental caries in Rwanda: A scoping review
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde K. , Uwambaye Peace , Amzat Jimoh , Salami Afeez A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDental caries is an infectious disease affecting virtually all nations, including Rwanda. In Rwanda, the burden of dental caries is an issue of public health concern. To ensure the progressive eradication of the current dental caries burden in Rwanda through an evidence‐based approach, it is imperative to have an overview of the scientific research landscape of dental caries in the country. This study—a scoping review—aims to review the available evidence and gaps on dental caries in Rwanda.MethodsThis scoping review was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. A systematic search of 11 databases was done to scoop out all literature relevant to the topic. Based on the review's selection criteria, a total of eight peer‐reviewed journal articles were included in the review. The extracted data were collated, summarized, and presented as results.ResultsThe analysis of the data extracted from the included articles revealed a high prevalence of dental caries (ranging from 42.42% to 71.5%) in Rwanda. Also, the major pathogens causing dental caries in Rwanda as well as the impact of dental caries on the physical health and quality of life of Rwandans were identified in this review. Furthermore, the reported operative treatment options for dental caries in Rwanda were predominantly nonconservative. Also, no intervention study has been conducted on dental caries in Rwanda.ConclusionThe findings in this review identify the need for massive public health interventions on dental caries in Rwanda.
Galectin‐9 and myeloid‐derived suppressor cell as prognostic indicators for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Alimu Xierenguli , Zhang Juan , Pang Nannan , Zhang Rui , Chen Rong , Zeng Xuejiao , Tudahong Shabaaiti , Chen Gang , Muhashi Maliya , Zhao Fang , Ding Jianbing , Qu Jianhua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundGalectin‐9 and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have an important role in tumors, but their clinical values in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the prognosis values of Galectin‐9 and MDSCs in CLL.MethodsThe concentrations of Galectin‐9, argininase‐1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in serum were detected by enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay. The expression of Tim‐3 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cell was detected by Western blot. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the percentages of Tim‐3 on T‐cells (CD3+T, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells) and MDSCs.ResultsOur results showed that Galectin‐9 and MDSCs significantly increased in CLL patients and were closely related to the disease progression. Patient's receiver operating characteristic, progression‐free survival, and Cox regression analysis showed that Galectin9 and MDSCs were poor prognostic factors of CLL.ConclusionGalectin‐9 and MDSCs were associated with clinical progression and could be important prognostic indicators for CLL.
A COX‐2 Inhibitor Does Not Interfere With the Bone‐Protective Effects of Loading in Male Mice With Arthritis
Authors: Desai Suchita , Wu Jianyao , Horkeby Karin , Norgård Maria , Ohlsson Claes , Windahl Sara H , Engdahl Cecilia 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTMechanical loading enhances bone strength and counteracts arthritis‐induced inflammation‐mediated bone loss in female mice. It is unknown whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; eg, COX‐2 inhibitors) can reduce inflammation without affecting the loading‐associated bone formation in male mice. The aim of this study was to investigate if loading combined with a COX‐2 inhibitor (NS‐398) could prevent arthritis‐induced bone loss and inflammation in male mice. Four‐month‐old male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to axial tibial mechanical loading three times/week for 2 weeks. Local mono‐arthritis was induced with a systemic injection of methylated bovine serum albumin on the first day of loading, followed by a local injection in one knee 1 week later. The arthritis induction, knee swelling, bone architecture, and osteoclast number were evaluated in the hind limbs. C‐terminal cross‐links as a marker for osteoclast activity was measured in serum. Compared with loading and arthritis alone, loading of the arthritic joint enhanced swelling that was partly counteracted by NS‐398. Loading of the arthritic joint enhanced synovitis and articular cartilage damage compared with loading alone. Loading increased cortical bone and counteracted the arthritis‐induced decrease in epiphyseal bone. NS‐398 did not alter the bone‐protective effects of loading. C‐terminal cross‐links, a bone resorption marker, was increased by arthritis but not loading. In conclusion, loading prevented arthritis‐induced epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone loss, and NS‐398 reduced knee swelling without affecting the bone‐protective effects of loading. If our results can be extrapolated to the human situation, specific COX‐2 inhibitors could be used in combination with loading exercise to prevent pain and swelling of the joint without influencing the bone‐protective effects of loading. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis of the Eating Disorder Inventory‐Third Edition (EDI‐3) psychometric characteristics: Implications for counseling practice and research
Authors: Barstack Samantha , Karkhanis Sailee , Erford Bradley T. , Bennett Elisabeth , Buchanan Emma , Sharpe Claire , Wissel Addy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAuthors reviewed 129 studies published between 2004 and 2020 using the Eating Disorder Inventory‐Third Edition (EDI‐3). Internal consistency (α) for the total score was 0.888 and 0.693–0.947 across all subscales. Convergent validity yielded robust, mostly large correlations for the three main scales, spanning five eating disorder instruments. Structural validity studies supported important EDI‐3 components for White women, but not for racial/ethnic minorities. Only one diagnostic validity study was located, and given that the EDI‐3 is used to help screen for and identify eating disorders, more diagnostic validity studies are needed. Implications for client outcome assessment, screening, and treatment planning were discussed.
Metadynamics simulations with Bohmian‐style bias potential
Authors: Tikhonov Denis S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHere, we present a parametrization of the metadynamics simulations for reactions involving breaking the chemical bonds along a single collective variable coordinate. The parameterization is based on the similarity between the bias potential in metadynamics and the quantum potential in the de Broglie–Bohm formalism. We derive the method and test it on two prototypical reaction types: proton transfer and breaking of the cyclohexene cycle (reversed Diels–Alder reaction).
Concerted stereodynamics of chemical changes: The branching selectivity in the photodissociation of asymmetric‐top molecules, formic acid, and the cold reactivity of the H + H2 exchange reaction
Authors: Che Dock‐Chil , Kawamata Hiroshi , Nakamura Masaaki , Tso Cheng‐Jui , Muthiah Balaganesh , Kasai Toshio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis review article presents our recent examples of the branching selectivity in the photodissociation of asymmetric‐top molecules, halothane CF3CHBrCl and isohaloethane CF2BrCHFCl. The former gave the unexpected branching ratio of ([Cl] + [Cl*])/([Br] + [Br*])2 for the Br, Br* and Cl, Cl* atom fragmentations, meaning that the strongly bounded Cl‐C bond gave twice favorable fragmentation, while the later isohaloethane gave almost the same value for all‐atom fragmentations. We interpret this result due to the curve crossing of electronically excited states and the non‐adiabatic interaction on the excited states. The bimodal vibrational distribution of the product CO fragment in the formic acid photodissociation at 193 nm evidenced a roaming signature by using the μs time‐resolved Fourier‐transform infrared emission spectra for the first time. We find the characteristic propensity rule in the time‐dependent interaction potential to judge reactivity in the H + H2 exchange reaction and the roaming‐type of trajectory at temperature 3 K, by use of the impact‐parameter dependent quasi‐classical trajectory simulation, based on the present results, we conclude that reaction dynamics proceeds not only by the prerequisite of energy conservation but also by the timing of the time‐dependent interaction potential which is very sensitive to the steric configuration of reaction intermediate, thus it may be called as the concerted stereodynamics.
Bridging the health gap: Measuring the unmet social needs of patients within a dental school clinic
Authors: Mays Keith A. , Cooper Antea , Wang Qi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesAs safety‐net clinics, dental school clinics are uniquely positioned to evaluate the unmet social need. There is evidence that patients treated in a safety‐net type clinic, such as dental schools, report experiencing one or more of the determinants of health. However, there is limited evidence describing screening for Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) in dental clinics. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge of the types of social determinants of health that exist in a dental school clinic and how it is reflected in the geographic region of the school.MethodsThis cross‐sectional prospective study used a 20‐item questionnaire assessed unmet social needs in a predoctoral clinic. The questionnaire contained multiple choice and binary yes/no questions, organized under SDOH domains: housing, food, transportation, utilities, childcare, employment, education, finances, and personal safety. Socioeconomic and demographic information was captured. The questionnaire was administered via iPad using Qualtrics XM. The data were descriptively and quantitatively analyzed at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThere were 175 respondents with a 93.6% response rate, males (49.7%), females (49.1%), and 1.1% nonbinary. Overall, 135 (77.1%) respondents reported having at least one unmet social need. The greatest number of unmet needs was in the domains of employment and finances, with 44% and 41.7% respectively. Respondents who were unable to work stated they often or sometimes worried about running out of food before getting money to buy more, (p = 0.0002), and or the food didn't last before there was money to get more (p = 0.00007). A comparison of annual incomes of respondents earning less than $40K with those earning $40K or more, demonstrated statistically significant differences in unmet social needs for housing (p < 0.0001), food (p = 0.0003, p < 0.0001), utilities (p = 0.0484), employment (p = 0.0016), education (p < 0.0001), and finances (p < 0.0001).ConclusionScreening patients in the dental clinic was an efficient way to uncover the level of unmet social needs. Annual household income was a predominant driver of unmet social needs: with the greatest number of unmet needs existing in the domains of employment and finances. The results suggest that screening for social determinants of health dental school clinics could be incorporated into routine patient data collection.
Benefits of virtual externships with a pediatric dentistry program for potential residents
Authors: Gahm Meghan , Wells Martha H. , Scarbecz Mark , DeSchepper Edward J. , Dormois Larry D. , Smith Toddrick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine if a virtual externship (VE) is beneficial to potential applicants regarding their perceived knowledge of a pediatric dentistry residency program. Secondarily, this study identified general program characteristics that influence resident ranking decisions.MethodsAll applicants who applied to a pediatric dentistry residency program in the Southeast were invited to participate in a VE. Those who participated in the externship (n = 65) were asked to voluntarily complete Pre‐ and Post‐VE surveys. Participants were asked 22 questions about their level of knowledge of both tangible and intangible aspects of the program such as stipend, patient volume, faculty‐resident interaction, and resident comradery. Participants were also asked to rank 9 general characteristics that influence ranking decisions such as geography, cost to attend, and reputation of the program and were asked to rate their satisfaction with the VE. Post‐VE data were compared to pre‐VE data to determine level of knowledge gained via Wilcoxin matched pairs signed rank test (significance set at p < 0.05).ResultsWhen comparing Pre‐ and Post‐VE ratings of level of knowledge about each category, all 22 categories assessed showed statistically significant mean differences indicating perceived knowledge gain with the most knowledge gained for “resident satisfaction in the program.” Of the nine program characteristics, clinical experience was the most important factor to participants. Participants (100%) were satisfied with the VE experience and indicated the VE gave them the opportunity to get to know the program.ConclusionsA virtual externship is a satisfactory option for increasing applicant knowledge of the tangible and intangible aspects of a residency program.
Synthesis and characterization of dicarboxamide derivative: Cu+2 selective turn‐on fluorometric and colorimetric chemosensor
Authors: Gülbaş Hülya Elmalı , Bozkurt Selahattin , Halay Erkan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe detection of Cu+2 ion chemically is crucial for both the biological and environmental systems. In this study, fluorescent active pyridine‐based diamide thiazole derivative chemosensor N2,N6‐bis(2‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide (3) was synthesized and characterized successfully. Fluorometric and colorimetric chemosensor properties and the fluorescent selectivity and sensitivity of different metal ions were determined in DMSO/H2O (50:50) medium by using fluorescence spectroscopy. The chemosensor 3 exhibited turn on fluorometric and colorimetric selectivity toward Cu+2 metal.
A UHPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of vancomycin, norvancomycin, meropenem, and moxalactam in human plasma and its clinical application
Authors: Huo Jiping , Guo Yangyang , Zhang Bo , Zhao Zhigang , Shi Guangzhi , Mei Shenghui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe developed an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method to determine four antibacterial drugs in human plasma for clinical usage. Samples were prepared using protein precipitation with methanol. Chromatographic separation was accomplished in 4.5 min on a BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) using a gradient elution of methanol and water (containing 7.71 g/L concentrated ammonium acetate, adjusted to pH 6.5 with acetic acid) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Positive electrospray was used for ionization. The method was linear in the concentration range 1–100 μg/mL for vancomycin, norvoncomycin, and meropenem; and 0.5–50 μg/mL for R‐isomer of moxalactam and S‐isomer of moxalactam. For all analytes, the intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies and precisions were −8.47%–10.13% and less than 12%, respectively. The internal standard normalized recoveries and matrix effect were 62.72%–105.78% and 96.67%–114.20%, respectively. All analytes were stable at six storage conditions, with variations of less than 15.0%. The method was applied in three patients with central nervous system infection. The validated method might be useful for routine therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic study.
Relative sea‐level changes in southeastern Australia during the 19th and 20th centuries
Authors: Williams S. L. , Garrett E. , Moss P. T. , Dangendorf S. , Hibbert F. D. , Atkinson N. R. , Pashley V. , Millar I. L. , Garnett M. H. , Zawadzki A. , Gehrels W. R. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTRates of global and regional sea‐level rise between ~1850 and 1950 were high compared to those in preceding centuries. The cause of this sea‐level acceleration remains uncertain, but it appears to be pronounced in a small set of relative sea‐level proxy records from the Southern Hemisphere. Here we generate three new proxy‐based relative sea‐level reconstructions for southeastern Australia to investigate spatial patterns and causes of historical sea‐level changes in the Tasman Sea. Palaeo sea‐level estimates were determined using salt‐marsh foraminifera as sea‐level indicators. Records are underpinned by chronologies based on accelerator mass spectrometry 14C, radiogenic lead (210Pb), stable lead isotopes and palynological analyses. Our reconstructions show that relative sea level rose by ~0.2–0.3 m over the last 200 years in southeastern Australia, and rates of sea‐level rise were especially high over the first half of the 20th century. Based on modelled estimates of the contributing components to sea‐level rise, we suggest that the episode of rapid sea‐level rise was driven by barystatic contributions, but sterodynamic contributions were dominant by the mid‐20th century. Significant spatial variability in relative sea level indicates that local to sub‐regional drivers of sea level are also prominent. Our reconstructions significantly enhance our understanding of the spatiotemporal pattern of early 20th century sea‐level rise in the region.
Rational design enabling aptamer‐based sensors for surface‐enhanced Raman detection of small molecules
Authors: Kissell Lyndsay N. , Sheokand Manisha , Strobbia Pietro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHomogeneous surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors could have a significant impact in environmental analysis. The reagentless mechanism of these sensors makes them capable for in situ analysis and continuous monitoring of environmental pollutants, without having to collect environmental samples for laboratory analysis. Homogeneous SERS sensors take advantage of functional DNA strands on the surface of a SERS‐active particle. These sensors are commonly used for the detection of genomic targets. A clear path to adapt these homogeneous sensors to detect small molecules is to employ aptamer sequences. In particular, the use of duplex aptamer can make these sensors highly adaptable to different target molecules. Although there have been examples of SERS duplex aptamer sensors to detect small molecules, the design rules for this type of sensors have not been elucidated. Without design rules or a design protocol, we would not be able to fully take advantage of the adaptability of this approach to focus on new targets and applications (e.g., environmental analysis). Herein, we aim to define a protocol for the design of aptamer‐based homogeneous SERS sensors. First, we demonstrate their nonequilibrium character and the necessary length for the complementary element for the sensors to work. We demonstrate the design protocol on a well‐characterized aptamer sequence for ATP binding and then transfer the knowledge gained on an aptamer for estradiol, a common water contaminant. In this work, we establish the design protocol for a short aptamer (i.e., ATP) and analyze the issues and remedies associated with extending this protocol to longer aptamer sequences (e.g., E2).