bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Biotic Processes Vary the Carbon Turnover by Up To One Order of Magnitude in Wetlands
Authors: Pasut Chiara , Tang Fiona H. M. , Minasny Budiman , Warren Charles R. , Dijkstra Feike A. , Riley William J. , Maggi Federico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoil Organic Carbon (SOC) turnover τ in wetlands and the corresponding governing processes are still poorly represented in numerical models. τ is a proxy to the carbon storage potential in each SOC pool and C fluxes within the whole ecosystem; however, it has not been comprehensively quantified in wetlands globally. Here, we quantify the turnover time τ of various SOC pools and the governing biotic and abiotic processes in global wetlands using a comprehensively tested process‐based biogeochemical model. Globally, we found that τ ranges between 1 and 1,000 years and is controlled by anaerobic (in 78% of global wetlands area) and aerobic (15%) respiration, and by abiotic destabilization from soil minerals (5%). τ in the remaining 2% of wetlands is controlled by denitrification, sulfur reduction, and leaching below the subsoil. τ can vary by up to one order of magnitude in temperate, continental, and polar regions due to seasonal temperature and can shift from being aerobically controlled to anaerobically controlled. Our findings of seasonal variability in SOC turnover suggest that wetlands are susceptible to climate‐induced shifts in seasonality, thus requiring better accounting of seasonal fluctuations at geographic scales to estimate C exchanges between land and atmosphere.
Classification of Interannual Surface Layer Salinity Variability
Authors: Katsura S. , Sprintall J. , Kido S. , Tanimoto Y. , Nonaka M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince surface layer salinity (SLS) mainly reflects sea surface freshwater flux and affects ocean circulation and upper ocean stratification by modifying seawater density, knowledge of SLS variability is important to better understand the global hydrological cycle and ocean and climate variability. The global pattern of SLS interannual variability has not received as much attention compared to the seasonal variability. The SLS interannual variability in the global ocean based on Argo profiling float data over 2003–2020 was classified into seven individual clusters. SLS interannual variability was found to be regionally different even within each ocean basin and primarily corresponded to large‐scale climate mode variability. The spatial distribution of the classified SLS clusters provides the first map of SLS interannual variability in the global ocean that largely reflects the variability of the global hydrological cycle.
Adapting to a Foggy Future Along Trans‐Arctic Shipping Routes
Authors: Song Shutong , Chen Yue , Chen Xianyao , Chen Changshuo , Li King‐Fai , Tung Ka‐Kit , Shao Qiuli , Liu Yilin , Wang Xiaoyu , Yi Li , Zhao Jinping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRapid retreat of Arctic sea ice extends the area of open ocean for new trans‐Arctic shipping routes. However, the projected routes may be too optimistic in terms of savings in shipping costs from shortened trans‐Arctic distances as they do not consider the increased sea fog frequency (SFF) over areas of the retreating sea ice. We show that delays due to sea fog can be 1–4 days, about 23%–27% along the Northwest Passage and 4%–11% along the Northern Sea Route than previous estimated. We design a route based on the projected sea‐ice extent and SFF. The new route can reduce the sailing time by 0.3–1 day by detouring the routes with lighter impacts of sea fog. More importantly the new route will lower the risk of catastrophic accidents compared to the shortest route and saves the additional costs due to unscheduled port calls.
Effects of Energetic Particle Precipitation on Stratospheric Temperature During Disturbed Stratospheric Polar Vortex Conditions
Authors: Edvartsen J. Ø. , Maliniemi V. , Nesse H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecently, observational and re‐analysis studies have outlined potentially enhanced influence of Energetic Particle Precipitation (EPP) either at times preceding Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW) or when the distribution of planetary wave activity is suitable. In addition, significant correlations have been found between EPP and the occurrence rate of SSWs when the phases of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) are taken into account. Here we study the influence of EPP during disturbed stratospheric polar vortex conditions using chemistry‐climate model SOCOL‐MPIOM3 over the 20th century. When classifying disturbed conditions, the definition of minor SSWs are utilized along with a temperature gradient (day‐to‐day variations) criteria at 90°N and 10 hPa acting as a measure of the strength of the events. We find no influence of EPP on the occurrence rate of disturbed conditions over the last 100 year period. However, conditions preceding and during the disturbances are significantly different when EPP forcing is included into the model. This is especially true for stratospheric disturbances occurring in February. Furthermore, there is a clear tendency that the EPP effect becomes more notable after the 1950s. Our results imply that EPP forcing could be important for the stratospheric conditions during winter and that pre‐conditioning forced by atmospheric disturbances are an important factor when considering how the mechanism operates.
Concentration Field Estimation on Effluent Mixing and Transport With a Parameter‐Based Field Reconstruction Convolutional Neural Network and Random Forests
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Cao Huade , Yin Penghai , Liu Jianwei , Zhu Zuhao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEstimating the concentration field of effluent mixing and transport is a challenging task because of the complex mechanisms and three‐dimensional (3D) variability, but it is of great importance for water quality assessment and water resources management. Sophisticated numerical models based on the 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique can provide accurate predictions, but they are computationally expensive and require high‐level 3D CFD expertise, impeding their widespread usage. This work primarily develops a Parameter‐based Field Reconstruction convolutional neural network (PFR‐CNN) that can predict the complete concentration field of a target variable using the main influencing parameters, and explores the possibility of employing the proposed network to model the process of effluent mixing and transport. A validated numerical solver, TwoLiquidMixingFoam, was utilized to provide extensive data for multiple vertical buoyant effluents. A PFR‐CNN was developed to estimate the concentration fields based on the densimetric Froude number (F) and normalized port spacing (S/D). The network was developed using the training‐validating dataset from the numerical dataset, and further assessed using additional testing data. A random forest model was also developed, and the results showed that both methods can provide good performance, but the PFR‐CNN method was more robust and required less disk storage space. The results of our study demonstrated that the proposed PFR‐CNN approach is a promising tool for estimating effluent mixing and transport, and can be potentially leveraged to estimate other variables in the field of water resources with the governing parameters.
The DACH1 gene is frequently deleted in prostate cancer, restrains prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, decreases DNA damage repair, and predicts therapy responses
Authors: Li Zhiping , Jiao Xuanmao , Robertson A. Gordon , Di Sante Gabriele , Ashton Anthony W. , DiRocco Agnese , Wang Min , Zhao Jun , Addya Sankar , Wang Chenguang , McCue Peter A. , South Andrew P. , Cordon-Cardo Carlos , Liu Runzhi , Patel Kishan , Hamid Rasha , Parmar Jorim , DuHadaway James B. , Jones Steven J. M. , Casimiro Mathew C. , Schultz Nikolaus , Kossenkov Andrew , Phoon Lai Yee , Chen Hao , Lan Li , Sun Yunguang , Iczkowski Kenneth A. , Rui Hallgeir , Pestell Richard G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa), the second leading cause of death in American men, includes distinct genetic subtypes with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities. The DACH1 gene encodes a winged helix/Forkhead DNA-binding protein that competes for binding to FOXM1 sites. Herein, DACH1 gene deletion within the 13q21.31-q21.33 region occurs in up to 18% of human PCa and was associated with increased AR activity and poor prognosis. In prostate OncoMice, prostate-specific deletion of the Dach1 gene enhanced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and was associated with increased TGFβ activity and DNA damage. Reduced Dach1 increased DNA damage in response to genotoxic stresses. DACH1 was recruited to sites of DNA damage, augmenting recruitment of Ku70/Ku80. Reduced Dach1 expression was associated with increased homology directed repair and resistance to PARP inhibitors and TGFβ kinase inhibitors. Reduced Dach1 expression may define a subclass of PCa that warrants specific therapies.
Management of chronic myeloid leukemia in 2023 – common ground and common sense
Authors: Senapati Jayastu , Sasaki Koji , Issa Ghayas C. , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Radich Jerald P. , Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the improving knowledge of CML and its management, the goals of therapy need to be revisited to ensure an optimal use of the BCR::ABL1 TKIs in the frontline and later-line therapy of CML. In the frontline therapy of CML in the chronic phase (CML-CP), imatinib and the three second-generation TKIs (bosutinib, dasatinib and nilotinib) are associated with comparable survival results. The second-generation TKIs may produce earlier deep molecular responses, hence reducing the time to reaching a treatment-free remission (TFR). The choice of the second-generation TKI versus imatinib in frontline therapy is based on the treatment aims (survival, TFR), the CML risk, the drug cost, and the toxicity profile with respect to the patient’s comorbidities. The TKI dosing is more flexible than has been described in the registration trials, and dose adjustments can be considered both in the frontline and later-line settings (e.g., dasatinib 50 mg frontline therapy; dose adjusted schedules of bosutinib and ponatinib), as well as during an ongoing TKI therapy to manage toxicities, before considering changing the TKI. In patients who are not candidates for TFR, BCR::ABL1 (International Scale) transcripts levels <1% are acceptable, result in virtually similar survival as with deeper molecular remissions, and need not warrant a change of TKI. For patients with true resistance to second-generation TKIs or with the T315I gatekeeper mutation, the third-generation TKIs are preferred. Ponatinib should be considered first because of the cumulative experience and results in the CML subsets, including in T315I-mutated CML. A response-based dosing of ponatinib is safe and leads to high TKI compliance. Asciminib is a third-generation TKI with possibly a better toxicity profile, but lesser activity in T315I-mutated CML. Olverembatinib is another potent third-generation TKI with early promising results.
Treatment expectations in glaucoma: what matters most to patients?
Authors: Safitri Atika , Konstantakopoulou Evgenia , Hu Kuang , Gazzard Gus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Recent clinical trials in glaucoma have used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of health-related quality of life to evaluate interventions. However, existing PROMs may not be sufficiently sensitive to capture changes in health status. This study aims to determine what really matters to patients by directly exploring their treatment expectations and preferences.

Subjects/Methods
We conducted a qualitative study using one-to-one semi-structured interviews to elicit patients’ preferences. Participants were recruited from two NHS clinics serving urban, suburban and rural populations in the UK. To be relevant across glaucoma patients under NHS care, participants were sampled to include a full range of demographic profiles, disease severities and treatment histories. Interview transcripts were evaluated using thematic analysis until no new themes emerged (saturation). Saturation was established when 25 participants with ocular hypertension, mild, moderate and advanced glaucoma had been interviewed.

Results
Themes identified were: Patients’ experiences of living with glaucoma, patients’ experiences of having glaucoma treatment, most important outcomes to patients, and COVID-related concerns. Participants specifically expressed their most important concerns, which were (i) disease-related outcomes (intraocular pressure control, maintaining vision, and being independent); and (ii) treatment-related outcomes (treatment that does not change, drop-freedom, and one-time treatment). Both disease-related and treatment-related experiences were covered prominently in interviews with patients across the spectrum of glaucoma severity.

Conclusions
Outcomes related both to the disease and its treatment are important to patients with different severities of glaucoma. To accurately evaluate quality of life in glaucoma, PROMs may need to assess both disease-related and treatment-related outcomes.
Dueling dynamics of low-angle normal fault rupture with splay faulting and off-fault damage
Authors: Biemiller J. , Gabriel A.-A. , Ulrich T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite a lack of modern large earthquakes on shallowly dipping normal faults, Holocene Mw > 7 low-angle normal fault (LANF; dip<30°) ruptures are preserved paleoseismically and inferred from historical earthquake and tsunami accounts. Even in well-recorded megathrust earthquakes, the effects of non-linear off-fault plasticity and dynamically reactivated splay faults on shallow deformation and surface displacements, and thus hazard, remain elusive. We develop data-constrained 3D dynamic rupture models of the active Mai’iu LANF that highlight how multiple dynamic shallow deformation mechanisms compete during large LANF earthquakes. We show that shallowly-dipping synthetic splays host more coseismic slip and limit shallow LANF rupture more than steeper antithetic splays. Inelastic hanging-wall yielding localizes into subplanar shear bands indicative of newly initiated splay faults, most prominently above LANFs with thick sedimentary basins. Dynamic splay faulting and sediment failure limit shallow LANF rupture, modulating coseismic subsidence patterns, near-shore slip velocities, and the seismic and tsunami hazards posed by LANF earthquakes.
Machine learning prediction of the degree of food processing
Authors: Menichetti Giulia , Ravandi Babak , Mozaffarian Dariush , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the accumulating evidence that increased consumption of ultra-processed food has adverse health implications, it remains difficult to decide what constitutes processed food. Indeed, the current processing-based classification of food has limited coverage and does not differentiate between degrees of processing, hindering consumer choices and slowing research on the health implications of processed food. Here we introduce a machine learning algorithm that accurately predicts the degree of processing for any food, indicating that over 73% of the US food supply is ultra-processed. We show that the increased reliance of an individual’s diet on ultra-processed food correlates with higher risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, angina, elevated blood pressure and biological age, and reduces the bio-availability of vitamins. Finally, we find that replacing foods with less processed alternatives can significantly reduce the health implications of ultra-processed food, suggesting that access to information on the degree of processing, currently unavailable to consumers, could improve population health.
Inadequacy of fluvial energetics for describing gravity current autosuspension
Authors: Fukuda Sojiro , de Vet Marijke G. W. , Skevington Edward W. G. , Bastianon Elena , Fernández Roberto , Wu Xuxu , McCaffrey William D. , Naruse Hajime , Parsons Daniel R. , Dorrell Robert M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGravity currents, such as sediment-laden turbidity currents, are ubiquitous natural flows that are driven by a density difference. Turbidity currents have provided vital motivation to advance understanding of this class of flows because their enigmatic long run-out and driving mechanisms are not properly understood. Extant models assume that material transport by gravity currents is dynamically similar to fluvial flows. Here, empirical research from different types of particle-driven gravity currents is integrated with our experimental data, to show that material transport is fundamentally different from fluvial systems. Contrary to current theory, buoyancy production is shown to have a non-linear dependence on available flow power, indicating an underestimation of the total kinetic energy lost from the mean flow. A revised energy budget directly implies that the mixing efficiency of gravity currents is enhanced.
The effect of sustainable mobility transition policies on cumulative urban transport emissions and energy demand
Authors: Winkler Lisa , Pearce Drew , Nelson Jenny , Babacan Oytun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe growing urban transport sector presents towns and cities with an escalating challenge in the reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions. Here we assess the effectiveness of several widely considered policy options (electrification, light-weighting, retrofitting, scrapping, regulated manufacturing standards and modal shift) in achieving the transition to sustainable urban mobility in terms of their emissions and energy impact until 2050. Our analysis investigates the severity of actions needed to comply with Paris compliant regional sub-sectoral carbon budgets. We introduce the Urban Transport Policy Model (UTPM) for passenger car fleets and use London as an urban case study to show that current policies are insufficient to meet climate targets. We conclude that, as well as implementation of emission-reducing changes in vehicle design, a rapid and large-scale reduction in car use is necessary to meet stringent carbon budgets and avoid high energy demand. Yet, without increased consensus in sub-national and sectoral carbon budgets, the scale of reduction necessary stays uncertain. Nevertheless, it is certain we need to act urgently and intensively across all policy mechanisms available as well as developing new policy options.
Electronic signatures of Lorentzian dynamics and charge fluctuations in lithiated graphite structures
Authors: Jamnuch Sasawat , Pascal Tod A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLithium graphite intercalation compounds (Li-GICs) are essential materials for modern day portable electronics and obtaining insights into their atomic structure and thermodynamics is of fundamental interest. Here we explore the electronic and atomic states of Li-GICs at varying degrees of Lithium loading (i.e., “staging”) by means of ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations and simulated X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS). We analyze the atomic correlation functions and shows that the enhancements of the Li-ion entropy with increased staging result from Lorentzian lithium-ion dynamics and charge fluctuations, which activate low-energy phonon modes. The associated electronic signatures are modulations of the unoccupied π*/σ* orbital energy levels and unambiguous fingerprints in Carbon K-edge XAS spectra. Thus, we extend the canonical view of XAS, establishing that these “static” measurements in fact encode the signature of the thermodynamic response and relaxation dynamics of the system. This causal link between atomic structure, spectroscopy, thermodynamics, and information theory can be generally exploited to better understand stability in solid-state electrochemical systems.
Integrated opposite charge grafting induced ionic-junction fiber
Authors: Xing Yi , Zhou Mingjie , Si Yueguang , Yang Chi-Yuan , Feng Liang-Wen , Wu Qilin , Wang Fei , Wang Xiaomin , Huang Wei , Cheng Yuhua , Zhang Ruilin , Duan Xiaozheng , Liu Jun , Song Ping , Sun Hengda , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Jiayi , Jiang Su , Zhu Meifang , Wang Gang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe emergence of ionic-junction devices has attracted growing interests due to the potential of serving as signal transmission and translation media between electronic devices and biological systems using ions. Among them, fiber-shaped iontronics possesses a great advantage in implantable applications owing to the unique one-dimensional geometry. However, fabricating stable ionic-junction on curved surfaces remains a challenge. Here, we developed a polyelectrolyte based ionic-junction fiber via an integrated opposite charge grafting method capable of large-scale continuous fabrication. The ionic-junction fibers can be integrated into functions such as ionic diodes and ionic bipolar junction transistors, where rectification and switching of input signals are implemented. Moreover, synaptic functionality has also been demonstrated by utilizing the fiber memory capacitance. The connection between the ionic-junction fiber and sciatic nerves of the mouse simulating end-to-side anastomosis is further performed to realize effective nerve signal conduction, verifying the capability for next-generation artificial neural pathways in implantable bioelectronics.
HAPLN1 potentiates peritoneal metastasis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wiedmann Lena , De Angelis Rigotti Francesca , Vaquero-Siguero Nuria , Donato Elisa , Espinet Elisa , Moll Iris , Alsina-Sanchis Elisenda , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Fernandez-Florido Elena , Mülfarth Ronja , Vacca Margherita , Gerwing Jennifer , Conradi Lena-Christin , Ströbel Philipp , Trumpp Andreas , Mogler Carolin , Fischer Andreas , Rodriguez-Vita Juan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) frequently metastasizes into the peritoneum, which contributes to poor prognosis. Metastatic spreading is promoted by cancer cell plasticity, yet its regulation by the microenvironment is incompletely understood. Here, we show that the presence of hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein-1 (HAPLN1) in the extracellular matrix enhances tumor cell plasticity and PDAC metastasis. Bioinformatic analysis showed that HAPLN1 expression is enriched in the basal PDAC subtype and associated with worse overall patient survival. In a mouse model for peritoneal carcinomatosis, HAPLN1-induced immunomodulation favors a more permissive microenvironment, which accelerates the peritoneal spread of tumor cells. Mechanistically, HAPLN1, via upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), promotes TNF-mediated upregulation of Hyaluronan (HA) production, facilitating EMT, stemness, invasion and immunomodulation. Extracellular HAPLN1 modifies cancer cells and fibroblasts, rendering them more immunomodulatory. As such, we identify HAPLN1 as a prognostic marker and as a driver for peritoneal metastasis in PDAC.