bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density effects on native and non‐native trout survival in streams
Authors: Huntsman Brock M. , Flynn Lauren , Caldwell Colleen A. , Lynch Abigail J. , Abadi Fitsum 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnvironmental stressors associated with a changing climate and non‐native fish, individually, represent significant threats to native fish conservation. These threats can exacerbate risks to native fishes when conditions interact at the trailing edge of a population's distribution. We collected capture–mark–recapture data for Rio Grande cutthroat trout (RGCT, Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis) at the trailing edge of all cutthroat trout distributions from eight northern New Mexico populations. We used a factorial sampling design from streams characterised as “cool” or “warm” and whether RGCT were sympatric with non‐native brown trout (Salmo trutta). We tested competing hypotheses that warm temperatures, reduced flows, high densities and sympatry with brown trout would negatively impact RGCT apparent survival rates. We found the strongest evidence for a non‐native trout interaction with total trout density affecting RGCT apparent survival rates. Our results are consistent with patterns observed in northern cutthroat trout populations where non‐native salmonids negatively impacted apparent survival rates. We also found that a negative density effect was observed on allopatric RGCT and sympatric brown trout apparent survival, but a positive density effect was observed for sympatric RGCT. These results suggest higher density populations of RGCT may be more resilient to displacement by non‐native trout than low‐density populations.
The introduction of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus to Northern Ireland and the subsequent development of ash dieback
Authors: Baxter Emma , Cooke Louise R. , Spaans Florentine , Grant Irene R. , McCracken Alistair R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAsh dieback caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was first recorded in Northern Ireland (NI) in November 2012. The disease was observed only on recently (<6 years) planted trees. An in‐depth case study in 2015 of an ash plantation with severe symptoms indicated that many of the trees were infected at the time of planting. Apothecia were observed developing from pseudosclerotia beneath the epidermis of dead branches still attached to the tree, suggesting a possible mechanism whereby H. fraxineus could be disseminated without leaf or rachises infection. Apothecia also formed on roots, indicating that infections may also occur in the soil. Often young trees were killed by the formation of large basal lesions which did not arise from stem infections higher up. On first detecting the disease on the island of Ireland the Governments of NI and the Republic of Ireland published an “All‐Ireland Chalara Control Strategy.” Part of that strategy was a ban on the importation of ash plants from regions where the disease was known to be present, to prevent the introduction of further inoculum, and the implementation of an ‘eradication and containment’ policy with the aim of preventing the establishment and spread of the disease. While these measures may have slowed disease establishment, they were ultimately unsuccessful and by 2018 ash dieback was widespread and established throughout the whole of NI in plantations and in the wider environment.
Risk of violent behaviour in young people at clinical high risk for psychosis from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies consortium
Authors: Tronick Lauren N. , Mirzakhanian Heline , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Keshavan Matcheri , Mathalon Daniel H. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Perkins Diana O. , Stone William , Tsuang Ming T. , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Cadenhead Kristin S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimAlthough violent behaviour has been studied in schizophrenia, violence risk has received little attention in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). This manuscript aims to report and discuss the overall results of the Structured Assessment for Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) from the NAPLS‐3 project to explore the risk of violence in CHR youth and to determine the relationship between SAVRY violence risk scores, psychosis risk symptoms, and global functioning. We hypothesized that CHR young people are at higher risk of violence as compared to healthy comparison participants due to a similarity between risk factors for psychosis and risk factors for violence, and that this risk is associated with greater severity of symptoms, poor functioning, and risk for conversion to psychosis.MethodsParticipants from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study consortium phase 3 (NAPLS‐3) included 684 CHR and 96 HC. Assessments included the Structural Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), clinical and functional measures.ResultsThe majority of participants across groups were deemed to be at low risk for violence. There were significantly more CHR participants (29.8%) who had moderate or high scores on the SAVRY Summary Risk Rating compared to HC participants (3.1%). Low versus moderate‐high SAVRY scores were associated with better social (p < .005) and role (p < .002) functioning and fewer positive (p < .002), negative (p < .002), disorganized (p < .01) and general symptoms (p < .002). CHR participants with higher SAVRY scores were more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, ADHD and substance misuse. Among CHR, overall violence risk was not associated with conversion to psychosis. However, those who converted to psychosis scored lower on the protective factors index, primarily driven by less prosocial involvement and fewer resilient personality traits.ConclusionsThis is the first study to assess violence risk in CHR adolescents. Violence risk factors overlap with risk factors for psychosis in general, perhaps accounting for the association. These findings have implications for intervention efforts to reduce violence risk and bolster resiliency in CHR youth.
Equilibrating financially sustainable growth and environmental, social, and governance sustainable growth
Authors: Bellandi Francesco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractShould financially sustainable growth and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) sustainable growth targets interact? Does a company's growth add to both shareholders' surplus and surplus of stakeholders different from shareholders? The objective of this study is to address the unconventional problem of equilibrium between financially sustainable growth and ESG sustainable growth and how to detect and correct imbalances in those two dimensions. It develops both an incremental framework that articulates, organizes, and connects current theories of financially sustainable growth, ESG, sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, and stakeholder theory, and a revelatory model, the financial/ESG sustainable growth matrix. It inspires new multiple‐disciplinary research to see growth differently, as the impact on shareholders versus stakeholders different from shareholders of equilibrium and tension between financial and ESG growth. The model developed is directly applicable to management practice and beneficial to a broader community, as it reveals companies that create or destroy societal surplus.
Objective hand eczema severity assessment with automated lesion anatomical stratification
Authors: Amruthalingam Ludovic , Mang Nora , Gottfrois Philippe , Gonzalez Jimenez Alvaro , Maul Julia‐Tatjana , Kunz Michael , Pouly Marc , Navarini Alexander A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHand eczema (HE) is one of the most frequent dermatoses, known to be both relapsing and remitting. Regular and precise evaluation of the disease severity is key for treatment management. Current scoring systems such as the hand eczema severity index (HECSI) suffer from intra‐ and inter‐observer variance. We propose an automated system based on deep learning models (DLM) to quantify HE lesions' surface and determine their anatomical stratification. In this retrospective study, a team of 11 experienced dermatologists annotated eczema lesions in 312 HE pictures, and a medical student created anatomical maps of 215 hands pictures based on 37 anatomical subregions. Each data set was split into training and test pictures and used to train and evaluate two DLMs, one for anatomical mapping, the other for HE lesions segmentation. On the respective test sets, the anatomy DLM achieved average precision and sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] 80–85) and 85% (CI 82–88), while the HE DLM achieved precision and sensitivity of 75% (CI 64–82) and 69% (CI 55–81). The intraclass correlation of the predicted HE surface with dermatologists' estimated surface was 0.94 (CI 0.90–0.96). The proposed method automatically predicts the anatomical stratification of HE lesions' surface and can serve as support to evaluate hand eczema severity, improving reliability, precision and efficiency over manual assessment. Furthermore, the anatomical DLM is not limited to HE and can be applied to any other skin disease occurring on the hands such as lentigo or psoriasis.
A comprehensive evaluation of an animal model for Helicobacter pylori‐associated stomach cancer: Fact and controversy
Authors: Amalia Rizki , Panenggak Nur Syahadati Retno , Doohan Dalla , Rezkitha Yudith Annisa Ayu , Waskito Langgeng Agung , Syam Ari Fahrial , Lubis Masrul , Yamaoka Yoshio , Miftahussurur Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEven though Helicobacter pylori infection was the most causative factor of gastric cancer, numerous in vivo studies failed to induce gastric cancer using H. pylori infection only. The utilization of established animal studies in cancer research is crucial as they aim to investigate the coincidental association between suspected oncogenes and pathogenesis as well as generate models for the development and testing of potential treatments. The methods to establish gastric cancer using infected animal models remain limited, diverse in methods, and showed different results. This study investigates the differences in animal models, which highlight different pathological results in gaster by literature research. Electronic databases searched were performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane, without a period filter. A total of 135 articles were used in this study after a full‐text assessment was conducted. The most frequent animal models used for gastric cancer were Mice, while Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice were the most susceptible model for gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. Additionally, transgenic mice showed that the susceptibility to gastric cancer progression was due to genetic and epigenetic factors. These studies showed that in Mongolian gerbil models, H. pylori could function as a single agent to trigger stomach cancer. However, most gastric cancer susceptibilities were not solely relying on H. pylori infection, and numerous factors are involved in cancer progression. Further study using Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice is crucial to conduct and establish the best models for gastric cancer associated H. pylori.
Navitoclax improves acute‐on‐chronic liver failure by eliminating senescent cells in mice
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Abe Hiroyuki , Kimura Naruhiro , Arao Yoshihisa , Ishikawa Natsuki , Yuichiro Maeda , Setsu Toru , Sakamaki Akira , Kamimura Hiroteru , Yokoo Takeshi , Kamimura Kenya , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Terai Shuji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF), a disease with poor prognosis, is reportedly caused by cellular senescence due to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we described and analyzed the underlying mechanism of a novel approach for ACLF using ABT263/navitoclax (Navi) that selectively eliminates senescent cells.MethodsIrradiation‐induced senescent hepatocytes were used for in vitro evaluation of the effects of Navi on ACLF (n = 6 for each group). Lipopolysaccharide‐ and carbon tetrachloride‐induced ACLF mouse model was used for in vivo evaluation of the effects of Navi administration compared with the control using one‐way or two‐way analysis of variance, followed by Student's t‐test or Kruskal–Wallis test. The effects on the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (n = 8 for each group) and mitochondrial functions, including adenosine triphosphate concentration and membrane potential (n = 8 for each group), were investigated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme analysis.ResultsNavi eliminated irradiation‐induced senescent hepatocytes in vitro, leading to non‐senescent hepatocyte proliferation. Navi eliminated senescent cells in the liver in vivo, resulting in downregulation of mRNA expression of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype factors, a decrease of liver enzymes, and upregulated proliferation of non‐senescent cells in the liver. Regarding mitochondrial functional assessment in the liver, adenosine triphosphate concentration and membrane potential were upregulated after Navi administration in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsNavi may ameliorate ACLF damage by eliminating senescent cells in the liver, downregulating senescence‐associated secretory phenotype factors, and upregulating mitochondrial functions. We believe that this novel approach using Navi will pave the way for ACLF treatment.
Oral hygiene behaviour and its determinants among preparatory school students in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shitu Kegnie , Alemayehu Mekuriaw , Berassa Simegnew Handebo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate oral hygiene behaviour and its determinants among preparatory school students in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 423 students to evaluate their oral hygiene behaviour and determinant factors (sociodemographic attributes, oral hygiene knowledge, and attitude to oral hygiene behaviours). Linear regression was employed to identify factors associated with oral hygiene behaviour. A p‐value of <0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were used to declare statistical significance.ResultsA total of 407 students participated with a response rate of 96.2%. The mean age of the participants was 18 (SD ±1.3). The mean oral hygiene behaviour (OHB) score was about 7.89 ± 3.43. Only 9.2%, 21.4%, and 5.7% were brushing their teeth at least twice a day, cleaning their tongue, and flossing at least once a day respectively. Father's educational status (able to read and write (β = 1.99, 95% CI: 0.62, 3.38), completed secondary school (β = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.18, 3.18), and diploma and higher (β = 1.75, 95% CI: 0.33, 3.18)), being from private school (β = 3.25, 95%CI: 2.30, 4.19), knowledge about OHB (β = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.30), and attitude towards OHB (β = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.14) were significant factors positively associated with better oral hygiene behaviour.ConclusionOral hygiene behaviour was poor among preparatory school students in Gondar city. Father's educational status, students' oral hygiene knowledge, and attitude were found to be significant factors affecting students' oral hygiene behaviour. Thus, tailored school‐based oral health communication programs are highly required to improve students' oral hygiene behaviour.
The nitrogen‐fixing potential of plant communities depends on climate and land management
Authors: Lepik Mari , Al‐Quraishy Saleh , Davison John , Moora Mari , Bueno C. Guillermo , Zobel Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe occurrence, relative richness and abundance of N‐fixing plants are the main features of the N‐fixing potential of vascular plant communities. We aimed to unveil how climate, biome type and land management regime affect the N‐fixing potential of vegetation. Since the world is witnessing an invincible transition of all those environmental factors during the last century, we examined the global growth trends of N‐fixers throughout recent history.LocationGlobal.TaxonVascular plant species.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis of publicly available vegetation data from 290 communities. Combined with the species' N‐fixation capability, we examined the occurrence, abundance and richness of N‐fixing vascular species across varying climate conditions, land use regimes and potential habitat types.ResultsThere are relatively more N‐fixing vascular plants in warmer and drier climatic conditions. Management of communities by cutting woody plants, grazing and mowing hay increases the number and abundance of N‐fixing species. The effect of management is pronounced in wet conditions, where a dense canopy would otherwise emerge. As a result, semi‐natural grasslands exhibit higher N‐fixer occurrence than natural grasslands and non‐tropical forests, cessation of management results in a temporary increase in the abundance of N‐fixers. Repeated observations of sites indicated that the global occurrence of N‐fixers increased slightly in managed communities from 1906 to 2018, but there were no other temporal trends.Main conclusionsThe overall number of N‐fixers in plant communities is low. The occurrence, relative richness and abundance of N‐fixing species are higher in sparse vegetation in dry climates and in extensive management where biomass is removed from communities. A probable explanation is the high light availability in dry vegetation and due to biomass removal, which provides a competitive advantage to light‐demanding N‐fixers. A lack of consistent temporal trends suggests that global change is not yet an active driver of N‐fixing potential in plant communities.
A novel antimicrobial peptide M1‐8 targets the lysosomal pathway to inhibit autolysosome formation and promote apoptosis in liver cancer cells
Authors: Zeng Jiali , Wang Jian , Wu Jibin , Deng Rui , Zhang Lun , Chen Qingru , Wang Jie , Jin Xiaobao , Gui Shuiqing , Xu Yinghua , Lu Xuemei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLysosomes, a central regulator of autophagy, play a critical role in tumour growth. Lysosomal protease cathepsin D can initiate apoptosis when released from lysosomes into the cytosol. In this study, we observed that Musca domestica cecropin (Mdc) 1–8 (M1‐8), a small anti‐tumour peptide derived from Mdc, inhibits hepatoma cell growth by blocking autophagy–lysosome fusion. This effect is likely achieved by targeting lysosomes to activate lysosomal protease D. Additionally, we examined whether lysosomal content and cathepsin D release were involved in M1‐8‐induced apoptosis. After exposure to M1‐8, human hepatoma HepG2 cells rapidly co‐localized with lysosomes, disrupted lysosomal integrity, caused leakage of lysosomal protease cathepsin D, caspase activation and mitochondrial membrane potential changes; and promoted cell apoptosis. Interestingly, in M1‐8‐treated HepG2 cells, autophagic protein content increased and the lysosome–autophagosome fusion was inhibited, suggesting that M1‐8 can cause apoptosis through autophagy and lysosomes. This result indicates that a small accumulation of autophagy and autolysosome inhibition in cells can cause cell death. Taken together, these data suggest a novel insight into the regulatory mechanisms of M1‐8 in autophagy and lysosomes, which may facilitate the development of M1‐8 as a potential cancer therapeutic agent.
Shrinkage‐induced cuspal deformation and strength of three different short fiber‐reinforced composite resins
Authors: Magne Pascal , Carvalho Marco Aurelio , Milani Taban 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the shrinkage‐induced cuspal deformation and strength of large MOD restorations using three different short fiber‐reinforced composite resins (SFRC).Materials and MethodsTwenty‐seven typodont teeth #30 (Columbia) received a standardized slot‐type preparation (5‐mm by 5‐mm depth and bucco‐palatal width). Three types of SFRCs (everX Posterior, everX Flow, and a 50/50 mixture of both materials) were used with the Optibond FL bonding system. The intercuspal distance of each specimen (n = 9) was measured after preparation, immediately after restoration and at 3, 18, and 24 h. Each specimen was then subjected to simulated mastication (30° angulation with cyclic loading of buccal cusp at 5 Hz), starting at 100 N with 100 N increase every 100 cycles until fracture. Failure mode was determined as re‐restorable versus nonrestorable failures. Cusp deformation data were analyzed by two‐way repeated measures ANOVA and the fracture performance by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsShrinkage‐induced cuspal deformation ranged from 27–34 microns (immediately) to 33–43 microns (24 h). The largest deformations were observed for everX Flow and the 50/50 mixture (up to 43 microns at 24 h), which also demonstrated the lowest average strength (1456 to 1511 N). everX Posterior demonstrated the least amount of shrinkage‐induced cuspal deformation (27 microns, up 33 microns at 24 h) and the higher average strength (1744 N). everX Flow tended to demonstrate more repairable partial fractures while everX Posterior induced mainly catastrophic failures.ConclusionsLarge direct MOD restorations were most favorably restored with everX Posterior (less shrinkage, higher strength) at the expense of failure mode. everX Flow induced more friendly failure modes but more shrinkage‐induced cuspal deformation.Clinical SignificanceWhen a low‐cost restoration must be chosen, EverX Posterior will significantly improve the performance but not the failure mode of directly layered restorations. Because of its increased shrinkage values, everX Flow is best indicated as a limited liner to cover the IDS layer and improve geometry for semi‐(in)direct restorations.
A comparative analysis of dual‐axis implants placed into maxillary anterior extraction sockets versus virtual planning with uniaxial implants: A simulated cone beam computed tomography study of implant length and diameter
Authors: Song Seung Jun , Chu Stephanie M. , Chu Stephen J. , Saito Hanae , Levin Barry P. , Egbert Nicholas L. , Sarnachiaro Guido O. , Tarnow Dennis P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe biaxial nature of the anterior maxilla poses a surgical and restorative challenge in implant dentistry. The present study sought to investigate the apical socket perforation rate (ASPR) from a simulated uniaxial implant placement and to determine the effect of implant length and diameter on ASPR when a uniaxial implant was placed compared with the orientation of the pre‐existing dual‐axis implant.Material and MethodCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from the database of three private practices were searched for patients who received dual‐axis implants within the esthetic zone in immediate tooth replacement therapy. A uniaxial implant was virtually placed using the pre‐existing screw access channel of the dual‐axis implant as a reference. The closest length and diameter were selected for the simulated implant. ASPR by the uniaxial implant was recorded. In addition, the affordable maximum length of a corresponding uniaxial implant that would avoid apical socket perforation was measured.ResultEighty‐one patients with a total of 101 dual‐axis dental implants were selected for analysis. A simulated virtual surgical planning with uniaxial implants revealed high ASPR (48.51%). When the length of the uniaxial implant was reduced to 11 and 9 mm, ASPR was decreased to 41.58% and 20.79%, respectively.ConclusionDual‐axis implant design effectively evades anatomical challenges in the anterior maxilla (esthetic zone). Considering the current evidence, efforts should be made to carefully consider the angular disparity between the extraction socket‐alveolus complex and the future restorative emergence so that a harmonious biologic‐esthetic result may be more predictably and consistently obtained.