bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palaeo-climate and -topography of the continental orogen: Theoretical inversion with initial oxygen isotopes of ancient meteoric water
Authors: WEI Chun-Sheng , ZHAO Zi-Fu 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTAncient environments have been mostly reconstructed with exogenous records, yet the potential constraints from endogenous archives were less emphasised. It has been well known that the outer- and inner-spheres of the planetary Earth are naturally linked and/or interplayed each other among geospheres. As stable isotopes of the meteoric water are globally dependent upon precipitating environments, rocks and/or minerals hydrothermally altered by the meteoric water can thus imprint environmental information of continental settings. These valuable clues, however, have been intuitively and/or qualitatively inferred up to now. On the basis of an innovative procedure recently proposed for dealing with thermodynamic re-equilibration of oxygen isotopes between constituent minerals and water from fossil hydrothermal systems, ancient meteoric waters are theoretically inverted from the early Cretaceous post-collisional granitoid and Triassic gneissic country rocks across the Dabie orogen in central-eastern China. The initial oxygen isotopes of ancient meteoric water (i.e., $\delta ^{18}O_W^i$ value hereafter) range from −11.01 ± 0.43 (one standard deviation, 1SD) to −7.61 ± 0.07‰ in this study, yet systematically and/or statistically deviating from modern local precipitation. These imply that either palaeoclimate could be colder than the present at least during the early Cretaceous or palaeoaltimetry has geographically varied across the Dabie orogen since the Triassic. Moreover, the lifetime of fossil hydrothermal systems is kinetically quantified to less than 1.2 million years (Myr) for the concurrent lowering of oxygen isotopes of hydrothermally altered rock-forming minerals through the surface-reaction oxygen exchange with ancient meteoric waters herein. Our results thus suggest that palaeoenvironments of the continental orogen can be scientifically and methodologically unearthed from endogenous archives and theoretical inversion of $\delta ^{18}O_W^i$ values can be quantitatively applied beyond the Dabie orogen.
Environmental drivers of human migration in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wolde Sinafekesh Girma , D'Odorico Paolo , Rulli Maria Cristina 
Published: April 2023

Non-technical summary
Environmental threats to shelter, livelihoods, and food security are often considered push factors for intra-African human migration. Research in this field is often fragmented into a myriad of case studies on specific subregions or events, thus preventing a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. This paper examines environmental drivers reported in the literature as push factors for human displacement across 32 sub-Saharan African countries between 1990 and 2021. Extensive consultation of past studies and reports with analytical methods shows that environmental migration is complex and influenced by multiple direct and indirect factors. Non-environmental drivers compound the effects of environmental change.

Technical summary
Intra-African environmental migration is a bleak reality. Warming trends, aridification, and the intensification of extreme climate events, combined with underlying non-environmental drivers, may set millions of people on the move. Despite previous studies and meta-analyses on environmental migration within sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), conclusive empirical evidence of the relationship between environmental change and migration is still missing. Here we draw on 87 case studies published in the scholarly literature (from fields ranging from the environmental sciences to development economics and migration research) or documented by research databases, reports, and international disaster datasets to develop a meta-analysis investigating the relationship between environmental changes and migration across SSA. A combination of quantitative, Qualitative Comparative Analyses (QCA), and statistical correlation methods are used to analyze the metadata and investigate the complex web of environmental drivers of environmental migration in SSA while highlighting subregional differences in the predominant environmental forcing. We develop a new conceptual framework for investigating the cascading flow of interdependences among environmental change drivers of human displacement while reconstructing the main migration patterns across SSA. We also present new insights into the way non-environmental factors are exposing communities in SSA to high vulnerability and reduced resilience to environmental change.

Social media summary
Human displacement in sub-Saharan Africa is often associated with the effects of climate change and environmental degradation.
Social Vulnerability and Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination From Unconventional Hydrocarbon Extraction in the Appalachian Basin
Authors: Soriano Mario A. , Warren Joshua L. , Clark Cassandra J. , Johnson Nicholaus P. , Siegel Helen G. , Deziel Nicole C. , Saiers James E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnconventional oil and gas (UOG) development, made possible by horizontal drilling and high‐volume hydraulic fracturing, has been fraught with controversy since the industry's rapid expansion in the early 2000's. Concerns about environmental contamination and public health risks persist in many rural communities that depend on groundwater resources for drinking and other daily needs. Spatial disparities in UOG risks can pose distributive environmental injustice if such risks are disproportionately borne by marginalized communities. In this paper, we analyzed groundwater vulnerability to contamination from UOG as a physically based measure of risk in conjunction with census tract level sociodemographic characteristics describing social vulnerability in the northern Appalachian Basin. We found significant associations between elevated groundwater vulnerability and lower population density, consistent with UOG development occurring in less densely populated rural areas. We also found associations between elevated groundwater vulnerability and lower income, higher proportions of elderly populations, and higher proportion of mobile homes, suggesting a disproportionate risk burden on these socially vulnerable groups. We did not find a statistically significant association between elevated groundwater vulnerability and populations of racial/ethnic minorities in our study region. Household surveys provided empirical support for a relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and capacity to assess and mitigate exposures to potentially contaminated water. Further research is needed to probe if the observed disparities translate to differences in chemical exposure and adverse health outcomes.
Data Assimilation Networks
Authors: Boudier Pierre , Fillion Anthony , Gratton Serge , Gürol Selime , Zhang Sixin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractData Assimilation aims at estimating the posterior conditional probability density functions based on error statistics of the noisy observations and the dynamical system. State of the art methods are sub‐optimal due to the common use of Gaussian error statistics and the linearization of the non‐linear dynamics. To achieve a good performance, these methods often require case‐by‐case fine‐tuning by using explicit regularization techniques such as inflation and localization. In this paper, we propose a fully data driven deep learning framework generalizing recurrent Elman networks and data assimilation algorithms. Our approach approximates a sequence of prior and posterior densities conditioned on noisy observations using a log‐likelihood cost function. By construction our approach can then be used for general nonlinear dynamics and non‐Gaussian densities. As a first step, we evaluate the performance of the proposed approach by using fully and partially observed Lorenz‐95 system in which the outputs of the recurrent network are fitted to Gaussian densities. We numerically show that our approach, without using any explicit regularization technique, achieves comparable performance to the state‐of‐the‐art methods, IEnKF‐Q and LETKF, across various ensemble size.
UAS‐Based Observations of Infrasound Directionality at Stromboli Volcano, Italy
Authors: Iezzi Alexandra M. , Buzard Richard M. , Fee David , Matoza Robin S. , Gestrich Julia E. , Jolly Arthur D. , Schmid Markus , Cigala Valeria , Kueppers Ulrich , Vossen Caron E. J. , Cimarelli Corrado , Lacanna Giorgio , Ripepe Maurizio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInfrasound (low frequency sound waves) can be used to monitor and characterize volcanic eruptions. However, infrasound sensors are usually placed on the ground, thus providing a limited sampling of the acoustic radiation pattern that can bias source size estimates. We present observations of explosive eruptions from a novel uncrewed aircraft system (UAS)‐based infrasound sensor platform that was strategically hovered near the active vents of Stromboli volcano, Italy. We captured eruption infrasound from short‐duration explosions and jetting events. While potential vertical directionality was inconclusive for the short‐duration explosion, we find that jetting events exhibit vertical sound directionality that was observed with a UAS close to vertical. This directionality would not have been observed using only traditional deployments of ground‐based infrasound sensors, but is consistent with jet noise theory. This proof‐of‐concept study provides unique information that can improve our ability to characterize and quantify the directionality of volcanic eruptions and their associated hazards.
Diurnal Cycle of Wind Speed and Precipitation Over the Northern Australia Coastal Region: CYGNSS Observations
Authors: Bui Hien X. , Maloney Eric D. , Short Ewan , Riley Dellaripa Emily M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe diurnal cycle of precipitation and its associated land‐sea breeze circulation over coastal northern Australia are investigated using surface wind speed and enthalpy (latent and sensible heat) fluxes from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System. Composite results during the austral summer of 2018–2022 show that diurnal precipitation propagates westward from the Cape York Peninsula into the Gulf of Carpentaria. The diurnal cycle of precipitation and surface wind speed are strongly coupled, with the wind speed maximum slightly leading the precipitation maximum. Additionally, analysis of the moist static energy budget shows that surface fluxes help support the westward‐propagation of diurnal precipitation. These results—based on novel satellite data and reanalysis—are consistent with previous studies that have examined the impact of the land‐sea breeze on the diurnal cycle of precipitation. The results provide a benchmark for model representation of this important atmosphere‐ocean‐land interaction.
Scattering of Radiation Belt Electrons by Fast Magnetosonic Waves: Considering the Kinetic Effects
Authors: Yao Fei , Liu Kaijun , Yu Xiongdong , Wang Yan , Xiong Ying , Zhang Shuai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen assessing the scattering of radiation belt electrons by fast magnetosonic (MS) waves, it is traditionally assumed that the waves follow the MS/whistler branch of the cold plasma dispersion relation (CPDR) in magnetohydrodynamics. However, MS waves are essentially ion Bernstein modes following a distinct kinetic dispersion relation. This study calculates the MS wave‐induced electron diffusion rates with the kinetic dispersion relation for the first time and compares the results with that obtained with the CPDR. It is found that the kinetic effects lead to a lower minimum resonant energy around 100 eV and a broader resonant pitch angle range. Kinetic effects also result in power spectral density attenuation when transforming wave frequency spectra into wavenumber spectra, so the diffusion rates are overall smaller than the ones obtained using the CPDR. Our results demonstrate that kinetic effects can significantly affect the role that MS waves play in the radiation belt dynamics.
Predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response with pharmacological applications in solid tumors
Authors: Kovács Szonja Anna , Fekete János Tibor , Győrffy Balázs 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmune-checkpoint inhibitors show promising effects in the treatment of multiple tumor types. Biomarkers are biological indicators used to select patients for a systemic anticancer treatment, but there are only a few clinically useful biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden, which can be used to predict immunotherapy response. In this study, we established a database consisting of both gene expression and clinical data to identify biomarkers of response to anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapies. A GEO screening was executed to identify datasets with simultaneously available clinical response and transcriptomic data regardless of cancer type. The screening was restricted to the studies involving administration of anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab) or anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) agents. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Mann-Whitney test were executed across all genes to identify features related to therapy response. The database consisted of 1434 tumor tissue samples from 19 datasets with esophageal, gastric, head and neck, lung, and urothelial cancers, plus melanoma. The strongest druggable gene candidates linked to anti-PD-1 resistance were SPIN1 (AUC = 0.682, P = 9.1E-12), SRC (AUC = 0.667, P = 5.9E-10), SETD7 (AUC = 0.663, P = 1.0E-09), FGFR3 (AUC = 0.657, P = 3.7E-09), YAP1 (AUC = 0.655, P = 6.0E-09), TEAD3 (AUC = 0.649, P = 4.1E-08) and BCL2 (AUC = 0.634, P = 9.7E-08). In the anti-CTLA-4 treatment cohort, BLCAP (AUC = 0.735, P = 2.1E-06) was the most promising gene candidate. No therapeutically relevant target was found to be predictive in the anti-PD-L1 cohort. In the anti-PD-1 group, we were able to confirm the significant correlation with survival for the mismatch-repair genes MLH1 and MSH6. A web platform for further analysis and validation of new biomarker candidates was set up and available at https://www.rocplot.com/immune. In summary, a database and a web platform were established to investigate biomarkers of immunotherapy response in a large cohort of solid tumor samples. Our results could help to identify new patient cohorts eligible for immunotherapy.
Quantifying requirements for mitochondrial apoptosis in CAR T killing of cancer cells
Authors: Pourzia Alexandra L. , Olson Michael L. , Bailey Stefanie R. , Boroughs Angela C. , Aryal Aditi , Ryan Jeremy , Maus Marcela V. , Letai Anthony 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an FDA-approved treatment for several hematologic malignancies, yet not all patients respond to this treatment. While some resistance mechanisms have been identified, cell death pathways in target cancer cells remain underexplored. Impairing mitochondrial apoptosis via knockout of Bak and Bax, forced Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression, or caspase inhibition protected several tumor models from CAR T killing. However, impairing mitochondrial apoptosis in two liquid tumor cell lines did not protect target cells from CAR T killing. We found that whether a cell was Type I or Type II in response to death ligands explained the divergence of these results, so that mitochondrial apoptosis was dispensable for CART killing of cells that were Type I but not Type II. This suggests that the apoptotic signaling induced by CAR T cells bears important similarities to that induced by drugs. Combinations of drug and CAR T therapies will therefore require tailoring to the specific cell death pathways activated by CAR T cells in different types of cancer cells.
A lncRNA from an inflammatory bowel disease risk locus maintains intestinal host-commensal homeostasis
Authors: Ma Hongdi , Hu Taidou , Tao Wanyin , Tong Jiyu , Han Zili , Herndler-Brandstetter Dietmar , Wei Zheng , Liu Ruize , Zhou Tingyue , Liu Qiuyuan , Xu Xuemei , Zhang Kaiguang , Zhou Rongbin , Cho Judy H. , Li Hua-Bing , Huang Hailiang , Flavell Richard A. , Zhu Shu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are known to have complex, genetically influenced etiologies, involving dysfunctional interactions between the intestinal immune system and the microbiome. Here, we characterized how the RNA transcript from an IBD-associated long non-coding RNA locus (“CARINH-Colitis Associated IRF1 antisense Regulator of Intestinal Homeostasis”) protects against IBD. We show that CARINH and its neighboring gene coding for the transcription factor IRF1 together form a feedforward loop in host myeloid cells. The loop activation is sustained by microbial factors, and functions to maintain the intestinal host-commensal homeostasis via the induction of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-18BP and anti-microbial factors called guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs). Extending these mechanistic insights back to humans, we demonstrate that the function of the CARINH/IRF1 loop is conserved between mice and humans. Genetically, the T allele of rs2188962, the most probable causal variant of IBD within the CARINH locus from the human genetics study, impairs the inducible expression of the CARINH/IRF1 loop and thus increases genetic predisposition to IBD. Our study thus illustrates how an IBD-associated lncRNA maintains intestinal homeostasis and protects the host against colitis.
Histopathology images predict multi-omics aberrations and prognoses in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Tsai Pei-Chen , Lee Tsung-Hua , Kuo Kun-Chi , Su Fang-Yi , Lee Tsung-Lu Michael , Marostica Eliana , Ugai Tomotaka , Zhao Melissa , Lau Mai Chan , Väyrynen Juha P. , Giannakis Marios , Takashima Yasutoshi , Kahaki Seyed Mousavi , Wu Kana , Song Mingyang , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Chan Andrew T. , Chiang Jung-Hsien , Nowak Jonathan , Ogino Shuji , Yu Kun-Hsing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHistopathologic assessment is indispensable for diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, manual evaluation of the diseased tissues under the microscope cannot reliably inform patient prognosis or genomic variations crucial for treatment selections. To address these challenges, we develop the Multi-omics Multi-cohort Assessment (MOMA) platform, an explainable machine learning approach, to systematically identify and interpret the relationship between patients’ histologic patterns, multi-omics, and clinical profiles in three large patient cohorts (n = 1888). MOMA successfully predicts the overall survival, disease-free survival (log-rank test P-value<0.05), and copy number alterations of CRC patients. In addition, our approaches identify interpretable pathology patterns predictive of gene expression profiles, microsatellite instability status, and clinically actionable genetic alterations. We show that MOMA models are generalizable to multiple patient populations with different demographic compositions and pathology images collected from distinctive digitization methods. Our machine learning approaches provide clinically actionable predictions that could inform treatments for colorectal cancer patients.
Integrated model of the vertebrate augmin complex
Authors: Travis Sophie M. , Mahon Brian P. , Huang Wei , Ma Meisheng , Rale Michael J. , Kraus Jodi , Taylor Derek J. , Zhang Rui , Petry Sabine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurate segregation of chromosomes is required to maintain genome integrity during cell division. This feat is accomplished by the microtubule-based spindle. To build a spindle rapidly and with high fidelity, cells take advantage of branching microtubule nucleation, which rapidly amplifies microtubules during cell division. Branching microtubule nucleation relies on the hetero-octameric augmin complex, but lack of structure information about augmin has hindered understanding how it promotes branching. In this work, we combine cryo-electron microscopy, protein structural prediction, and visualization of fused bulky tags via negative stain electron microscopy to identify the location and orientation of each subunit within the augmin structure. Evolutionary analysis shows that augmin’s structure is highly conserved across eukaryotes, and that augmin contains a previously unidentified microtubule binding site. Thus, our findings provide insight into the mechanism of branching microtubule nucleation.
The pace of shifting seasons in lakes
Authors: Woolway R. Iestyn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLake ecosystems are vulnerable to seasonal thermal cues, with subtle alterations in the timing of seasonal temperatures having a dramatic influence on aquatic species. Here, a measure of seasonal change in temperature is used to describe the pace of shifting seasons in lakes. Since 1980 spring and summer temperatures in Northern Hemisphere lakes have arrived earlier (2.0- and 4.3-days decade−1, respectively), whilst the arrival of autumn has been delayed (1.5-days decade−1) and the summer season lengthened (5.6-days decade−1). This century, under a high-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario, current spring and summer temperatures will arrive even earlier (3.3- and 8.3-days decade−1, respectively), autumn temperatures will arrive later (3.1-days decade−1), and the summer season will lengthen further (12.1-days decade−1). These seasonal alterations will be much slower under a low-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario. Changes in seasonal temperatures will benefit some species, by prolonging the growing season, but negatively impact others, by leading to phenological mismatches in critical activities.
East Gobi megalake systems reveal East Asian Monsoon dynamics over the last interglacial-glacial cycle
Authors: Li Hongwei , Yang Xiaoping , Scuderi Louis Anthony , Hu Fangen , Liang Peng , Jiang Qida , Buylaert Jan-Pieter , Wang Xulong , Du Jinhua , Kang Shugang , Ma Zhibang , Wang Lisheng , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntense debate persists about the timing and magnitude of the wet phases in the East Asia deserts since the late Pleistocene. Here we show reconstructions of the paleohydrology of the East Gobi Desert since the last interglacial using satellite images and digital elevation models (DEM) combined with detailed section analyses. Paleolakes with a total area of 15,500 km2during Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5) were identified. This expanded lake system was likely coupled to an 800–1000 km northward expansion of the humid region in East China, associated with much warmer winters. Humid climate across the Gobi Desert during MIS 5 likely resulted in a dustier MIS 4 over East Asia and the North Pacific. A second wet period characterized by an expanded, albeit smaller, lake area is dated to the mid-Holocene. Our results suggest that the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) might have been much weaker during MIS 3.