bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of once‐weekly efpeglenatide in people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: The AMPLITUDE‐D, AMPLITUDE‐L and AMPLITUDE‐S randomized controlled trials
Authors: Aroda Vanita R. , Frias Juan Pablo , Ji Linong , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Nguyên‐Pascal My‐Liên , Denkel Karl , Espinasse Melanie , Guo Hailing , Baek SeungJae , Choi JaeDuk , Lingvay Ildiko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly (QW) efpeglenatide in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) suboptimally controlled with oral glucose‐lowering drugs and/or basal insulin (BI).Materials and MethodsThree phase 3, multicentre, randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy and safety of QW efpeglenatide versus dulaglutide when added to metformin (AMPLITUDE‐D), efpeglenatide versus placebo when added to BI ± oral glucose‐lowering drugs (AMPLITUDE‐L) or metformin ± sulphonylurea (AMPLITUDE‐S). All trials were terminated early by the sponsor because of funding rather than safety or efficacy concerns.ResultsIn AMPLITUDE‐D, non‐inferiority of efpeglenatide to dulaglutide 1.5 mg was shown in HbA1c reduction from baseline to week 56, least squares mean treatment difference (95% CI): 4 mg, −0.03% (−0.20%, 0.14%)/−0.35 mmol/mol (−2.20, 1.49); 6 mg, −0.08% (−0.25%, 0.09%)/−0.90 mmol/mol (−2.76, 0.96). The reductions in body weight (approximately 3 kg) from baseline to week 56 were similar across all treatment groups. In AMPLITUDE‐L and AMPLITUDE‐S, numerically greater reduction in HbA1c and body weight were observed at all doses of efpeglenatide than placebo. American Diabetes Association level 2 hypoglycaemia (< 54 mg/dL [< 3.0 mmol/L]) was reported in few participants across all treatment groups (AMPLITUDE‐D, ≤ 1%; AMPLITUDE‐L, ≤ 10%; and AMPLITUDE‐S, ≤ 4%). The adverse events profile was consistent with other glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs); gastrointestinal adverse events were most frequent in all three studies.ConclusionsIn people with T2D suboptimally controlled with oral glucose‐lowering drugs and/or BI, QW efpeglenatide was non‐inferior to dulaglutide in terms of HbA1c reduction and showed numerically greater improvements than placebo in glycaemic control and body weight, with safety consistent with the GLP‐1 RA class.
Group orientation and social order versus disorder: Perspective of outsiders toward experimental chains of social hermit crabs
Authors: Steele Elliott P. , Laidre Mark E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial organisms form groups with diverse configurations. While the dynamics within social groups have been explored extensively, the perspective of individuals outside of groups has been considered less. Here, we studied social hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus) and experimentally tested the perspective of “outsiders”—individuals that were not yet part of a group but were actively searching for a group to join. Using architectural arrays of shells, we simulated a natural social structure—a “social chain”—in which all group members piggyback in sequence. We then tested how outsiders perceived experimentally simulated social chains, which we varied in orientation (horizontal vs. vertical) and which we arranged to be either socially ordered or disordered (i.e., all members arranged in order of size vs. randomly). Outsiders were more attracted to horizontally vs. vertically oriented chains, consistent with a specialization for detecting groups along the horizon. Outsiders were also more attracted to the long rather than the short side of horizontally oriented chains, consistent with the greater perceptual salience of the long side. Finally, outsiders were only marginally capable of determining where they belonged within groups—in terms of size matching—for ordered chains; and they showed no such capability for disordered chains. Broadly, our experiments suggest that a group's configuration, including both its orientation and social ordering, influences outsiders' perceptions and decisions.
Dual holding and bank risk
Authors: Bonini Stefano , Taatian Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing the 2007–2009 financial crisis as a quasi‐natural experiment, we show that banks with investors holding simultaneously both equity and bonds (dual‐holders) exhibit lower risk and superior performance. Dual‐holders' influence is higher in more opaque banks, indicating that the mechanism of transmission is through a decrease in information asymmetry and a reduction in debtholder–shareholder conflict. This effect translates into higher unconditional and risk‐adjusted stock returns. These economically large results show that a market mechanism implemented by outside investors is strongly effective in mitigating excessive risk taking by banks thus providing important normative implications for the stability of financial systems.
Multi‐omic and spatial dissection of immunotherapy response groups in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Monkman James , Kim Honesty , Mayer Aaron , Mehdi Ahmed , Matigian Nicholas , Cumberbatch Marie , Bhagat Milan , Ladwa Rahul , Mueller Scott N. , Adams Mark N. , O'Byrne Ken , Kulasinghe Arutha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe composition and activation status of the cellular milieu contained within the tumour microenvironment (TME) is becoming increasingly recognized as a driving factor for immunotherapy response. Here, we employed multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), and digital spatial profiling (DSP) to capture the targeted immune proteome and transcriptome of tumour and TME compartments from an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐treated (n = 41) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient cohort. We demonstrate by mIHC that the interaction of CD68+ macrophages with PD1+, FoxP3+ cells is enriched in ICI refractory tumours (p = 0.012). Patients responsive to ICI therapy expressed higher levels of IL2 receptor alpha (CD25, p = 0.028) within their tumour compartments, which corresponded with increased IL2 mRNA (p = 0.001) within their stroma. In addition, stromal IL2 mRNA levels positively correlated with the expression of pro‐apoptotic markers cleaved caspase 9 (p = 2e−5) and BAD (p = 5.5e−4) and negatively with levels of memory marker, CD45RO (p = 7e−4). Immuno‐inhibitory markers CTLA‐4 (p = 0.021) and IDO‐1 (p = 0.023) were suppressed in ICI‐responsive patients. Tumour expression of CD44 was depleted in the responsive patients (p = 0.02), while higher stromal expression of one of its ligands, SPP1 (p = 0.008), was observed. Cox survival analysis also indicated tumour CD44 expression was associated with poorer prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61, p = 0.01), consistent with its depletion in ICI‐responsive patients. Through multi‐modal approaches, we have dissected the characteristics of NSCLC immunotherapy treatment groups and provide evidence for the role of several markers including IL2, CD25, CD44 and SPP1 in the efficacy of current generations of ICI therapy.
Year one review: Staff perception on the implementation of the chair restraint on an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: Seney Valerie , Safford Jacqueline 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis pediatric psychiatric mental health hospital implemented a new mechanical restraint, the chair restraint, as an additional safety management intervention, to join the already utilized six‐point board.PurposeThe purpose of this project was to assess perceptions, thoughts, and feelings of psychiatric mental health nursing staff when utilizing the chair restraint on an adolescent unit. Furthermore, to explore decision making related to choosing the chair restraint verses choosing to use the six‐point board as a safety management intervention.MethodologyThis was a phenomenological qualitative study, utilizing semistructured interviews to explore the experiences of nursing staff, consisting of behavioral health specialists, and direct‐care staff nurses who work on an adolescent psychiatric unit utilizing both chair restraint and the six‐point board. Ten nursing staff were interviewed. Using thematic analysis, staff perceptions, thoughts, and feelings when using mechanical restraints for safety management were explored. Demographics were collected however, there was no variability in the responses and saturation was reached.FindingsFive themes emerged from the interviews. The Five themes that emerged were: Restraint chair was less traumatic and preferred, feelings of defeat when de‐escalation was not successful, pushing away emotions as protection, units were short staffed, and patient behaviors were seen as a potential barrier to eliminating the six‐point board.ConclusionThe results of this study will be used to guide to further develop behavioral health education, orientation for new staff, and to understand ways to support staff through their experiences in managing a patient's unsafe behaviors.
Adverse events in patients treated with Jak‐inhibitors for alopecia areata: A systematic review
Authors: Sechi Andrea , Song Junhyuk , Dell'Antonia Massimo , Heidemeyer Kristine , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Starace Michela , Naldi Luigi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecently, the impressive efficacy of JAK‐inhibitors (JAK‐I) in alopecia areata (AA) has been described in several studies; however, to date, there is limited information on the safety of JAK‐I in AA patients. For this reason, on 18 August 2022, a systematic review was performed to collect the premarketing and postmarketing data on the safety of JAK‐I in patients treated for AA, evaluating for each molecule the reported adverse events (AEs) in indexed literature and their frequency. The keywords ‘alopecia areata’ AND ‘Jak‐inhibitors OR Janus‐kinase Inhibitors’ were searched on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases.Of 407 studies retrieved, 28 papers met the requirements and were used in our review, including five RCTs and 23 case series; overall, 1719 patients were included, and the safety of 6 JAK‐I was assessed (baricitinib, brepocitinib, deuruxolitinib, ritlecitinib, ruxolitinib and tofacitinib). Systemic JAK‐I were well‐tolerated, most of the AEs were mild, and the withdrawal rate for AEs was very low and inferior to placebo in controlled studies (1.6% vs. 2.2%). Laboratory abnormalities represented 40.1% of AEs associated with oral JAK‐I, which mostly included the rise in cholesterol, transaminase, triglycerides, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and sporadic cases of neutro/lymphocytopenia. The remaining AEs involved the respiratory tract (20.8%), the skin (17.2%), the urogenital (3.8%), or the gastroenterological (3.4%) tract. Increased rates of infections involved not only the upper (19.0%) and lower (0.3%) respiratory tract, but also the urogenital system (3.6%) and the skin (4.6%). Isolated cases of grade 3 to 4 AEs have been reported, including myocardial infarction, hypertensive urgencies, cellulitis, rhabdomyolysis, neutropenia and high elevation of creatinine kinase. No fatal outcomes were reported. AEs reported with topical formulation included scalp irritation and folliculitis.The main limit of this review is the lack of data related to postmarketing surveillance, which should be maintained on a long‐term basis.
Process optimization for drying of Shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) under hot air‐assisted microwave drying technology using response surface methodology
Authors: Alfiya P. V. , Rajesh G. K. , Murali S. , Delfiya D. S. Aniesrani , Samuel Manoj P. , Prince M. V. , Sudheer K. P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study was carried out to optimize the drying conditions of shrimp in the hot air‐assisted microwave drying system using response surface methodology. The drying experiments were performed using a Box–Behnken design with air temperature (50–70°C), air velocity (.5–1.5 m/s), and microwave power level (600–1000 W) as independent variables and drying time, water activity, and rehydration ratio as independent variables. The obtained response variables were fitted into the various regression equations to predict a suitable model. The methodology of desired function was applied to indicate 61.74°C air temperature, 922.61 W microwave power, and 1.0 m/s air velocity which offered a reduced drying time of 2.8 h, the water activity of .424 and improved rehydration ratio of 2.51, respectively with a desirability value of .949. The moisture content, drying efficiency, shrinkage, and total color change were determined for the samples obtained under optimized conditions and were observed as 16.5% (w.b), 35.71%, 14.14%, and 16.95 ± 2.14, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of dried shrimp showed the formation of pores of diameters ranging from 3.17 to 10.6 μm. The process parameters optimized under the study for hot air‐assisted microwave drying can be used for the production of good‐quality dried shrimps.Practical applicationsGenerally, fish and fish products are dried in the open sun or solar dryers in most developing countries. The traditional methods offer the least process controls with maximum energy and manpower demand to meet the ever‐growing industry requirements with increased awareness of the safety and quality of the dried products. The hot air‐assisted microwave (HAMW) drying system developed under the study could have complete control over the process parameters without compromising the quality of the dried product. The study suggests the HAMW drying system as a potential means of drying technique for large‐scale commercial production of dried shrimps.
Hyperlipasemia in dogs with acute kidney injury treated with and without hemodialysis
Authors: Bendeler Kim S. , Howard Judith , Francey Thierry , Schweighauser Ariane , Peters Laureen M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHyperlipasemia has been reported in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) but associations with AKI severity, hemodialysis (HD) treatment, and outcome have not been extensively evaluated.ObjectivesInvestigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of hyperlipasemia in dogs with AKI, treated with and without HD.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 125) with AKI.MethodsRetrospective data extraction from medical records, including signalment, cause of AKI, duration of hospitalization, survival, plasma creatinine concentration, and 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐glutaric acid‐(6′‐methyresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase activity at admission and throughout hospitalization.ResultsA DGGR‐lipase activity >3× the upper reference limit (URL) was found in 28.8% and 55.4% of dogs at admission and during hospitalization, respectively, but only 8.8% and 14.9% of dogs, respectively, were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia >10 × URL was observed in 32.7% of dogs during hospitalization. The DGGR‐lipase activity was higher in dogs with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) Grades 4–5 than Grades 1–3, but correlation between DGGR‐lipase activity and creatinine concentration was poor (rs = .22; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.04–0.38). Treatment with HD was not associated with DGGR‐lipase activity independent of IRIS grade. Survival to discharge and 30 days after admission was 65.6% and 59.6%, respectively. High IRIS grades (P = .03) and high DGGR‐lipase activity at admission (P = .02) and during hospitalization (P = .003) were associated with nonsurvival.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHyperlipasemia is frequent and often marked in dogs with AKI despite only a minority being diagnosed with pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia is associated with AKI severity but not independently with HD treatment. High IRIS grade and hyperlipasemia were associated with nonsurvival.
“A hitherto unheard‐of and harmful thing”: Breastfeeding and Violence in Russian Literature
Authors: Maguire Muireann 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article examines the construction of maternal subjectivity in the context of breastfeeding narratives in Russian literature, from the early 1800s to the 1920s. It draws on historical and contemporary socio‐economic contexts, in Russia and the West, to support its major contention that, in literature, breastfeeding and violence are intrinsically connected at a symbolic level. As a literary trope, breastfeeding tends to be presented either as the antithesis of violence (as in the passages analysed from Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Krylov’s Fables) or as a continuation of underlying structural violence (with examples from Korolenko, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky). Through three detailed close readings of fictions by Ivan Lazhechnikov (the 1859 novella “My Doctor’s Grimace”), Mikhail Voskresenskii (the 1858 novel Natasha Podgorich), and Vsevolod Ivanov (the 1922 short story “The Child”), I argue that realist literary depictions of maternal breastfeeding and wet‐nursing demonstrate both the social vulnerability of mothers and the temporary autonomy or even sanctuary gained through these practices. I apply Bourdieu’s definition of “symbolic violence” and Cixous’s notions of “white ink” and “écriture féminine” to the context of Russian maternal fictions. I conclude that the characterization of nursing mothers in Russian realist literature is both revelatory and subversive.
A split GAL4 RUBY assay for visual in planta detection of protein–protein interactions
Authors: Chen Jian , Luo Ming , Hands Phillip , Rolland Vivien , Zhang Jianping , Li Zhao , Outram Megan , Dodds Peter , Ayliffe Michael 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYProtein–protein interactions (PPIs) are a fundamental process in cellular biogenesis. Here we have developed a split GAL4 RUBY assay that enables macroscopically visual PPI detection in plant leaves in real time. Candidate interacting protein partners are fused to specific domains of the yeast GAL4 and herpes simplex virus VP16 transcription factors and transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamina leaves by Agrobacterium infiltration. PPI, that may be either direct or indirect, results in transcriptional activation of a RUBY reporter gene leading to the production of the highly visual metabolite, betalain, in leaf tissue of living plants. Samples require no processing for in planta visual qualitative assessment, but with very simple processing steps the assay is quantitative. Its accuracy is demonstrated using a series of known interacting protein partners and mutant derivatives including transcription factors, signalling molecules and plant resistance proteins with cognate pathogen effectors. Using this assay, association between the wheat Sr27 stem rust disease resistance protein and corresponding AvrSr27 avirulence effector family produced by the rust pathogen is detected. Interaction is also observed between this resistance protein and the effector encoded by the corresponding avrSr27‐3 virulence allele. However, this association appears weaker in the split GAL4 RUBY assay, which coupled with lower avrSr27‐3 expression during stem rust infection, likely enables virulent races of the rust pathogen to avoid Sr27‐mediated detection.
Topology Design and Optimization of Modular Soft Robots Capable of Homogenous and Heterogenous Reconfiguration
Authors: Freeman Caitlin , Conzola Justin , Vikas Vishesh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The deformability of soft material robots provides them with the ability to transform between complex shapes and forms. This unique ability facilitates Modular Soft Robots (MSoRos) to assemble and reconfigure into different configurations, e.g., planar and spherical. These topologies display widely different locomotion modes that are desirable to navigate different environments, e.g., crawling or rolling for these cases. This research presents topology design and optimization methodology of MSoRos capable of both homogeneous and heterogeneous reconfiguration in spherical and planar configurations. Homogeneous reconfiguration refers to the scenario when all the modules are identical, while the heterogeneous contains nonidentical modules. The sequential design approach uses a polyhedron (Archimedean or Platonic) as the base solid to define module characteristics. As the design processes involve nonlinear projections, the base polyhedron also dictates the type of reconfiguration—heterogeneous (Archimedean) or homogeneous (Platonic). Thereafter, it applies the polyhedron vertex alignment principle to ensure geometric alignment of the modules during reconfiguration. Planar and spherical distortion metrics are defined to quantify distortions due to reconfiguration. Subsequently, the optimal topology is obtained by minimizing a cost function that is a weighted sum of the two distortion metrics. The result is a set of MSoRos capable of distinct 1D and 2D planar configurations (both heterogeneous and homogeneous) and multiple 3D spherical configurations of varying radii (both heterogeneous and homogeneous). The methodology is validated on a MSoRo system based on the combination of a cuboctahedron (Archimedean solid) and a cube and an octahedron (Platonic solids).
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of Precision Motion Stage With Nonlinear Friction Isolator
Authors: Gupta Sunit K. , Basta Ehab E. , Barry Oumar R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The application of servocontrolled mechanical-bearing-based precision motion stages (MBMS) is well-established in advanced manufacturing, semiconductor industries, and metrological applications. Nevertheless, the performance of the motion stage is plagued by self-excited friction-induced vibrations. Recently, a passive mechanical friction isolator (FI) has been introduced to reduce the adverse impact of friction in MBMS, and accordingly, the dynamics of MBMS with FI were analyzed in the previous works. However, in the previous works, the nonlinear dynamics components of FI were not considered for the dynamical analysis of MBMS. This work presents a comprehensive, thorough analysis of an MBMS with a nonlinear FI. A servocontrolled MBMS with a nonlinear FI is modeled as a two DOF spring-mass-damper lumped parameter system. The linear stability analysis in the parametric space of reference velocity signal and differential gain reveals that including nonlinearity in FI significantly increases the local stability of the system's fixed-points. This further allows the implementation of larger differential gains in the servocontrolled motion stage. Furthermore, we perform a nonlinear analysis of the system and observe the existence of sub and supercritical Hopf bifurcation with or without any nonlinearity in the friction isolator. However, the region of sub and supercritical Hopf bifurcation on stability curves depends on the nonlinearity in FI. These observations are further verified by a detailed numerical bifurcation, which reveals the existence of nonlinear attractors in the system.
Bifurcation Analysis of Improved Traffic Flow Model on Curved Road
Authors: Ai WenHuan , Hu JiaDi , Liu DaWei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear analysis of complex traffic flow systems can provide a deep understanding of the causes of various traffic phenomena and reduce traffic congestion, and bifurcation analysis is a powerful method for it. In this paper, based on the improved Aw–Rascle model, a new macroscopic traffic flow model is proposed, which takes into account the road factors and driver psychological factor in the curve environment which can effectively simulate many realistic traffic phenomena on curves. The macroscopic traffic flow model on curved road is analyzed by bifurcation, first, it is transformed into a nonlinear dynamical system, then its stability conditions and the existence conditions of bifurcations are derived, and the changes of trajectories near the equilibrium points are described by phase plane. From an equilibrium point, various bifurcation structures describing the nonlinear traffic flow are obtained. In this paper, the influence of different bifurcations on traffic flow is analyzed, and the causes of special traffic phenomena such as stop-and-go and traffic clustering are described using Hopf bifurcation as the starting point of density temporal evolution. The derivation and simulation show that both road factors and driver psychological factor affect the stability of traffic flow on curves, and the study of bifurcation in the curved traffic flow model provides decision support for traffic management.