bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 3D COF constructed by interlayer crosslinking of 2D COF as cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Yingming , Li Mingkai , Wen Tianzhuo , Gu Guoxian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The design and construction of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COF) remains a major challenge, and it is necessary to explore new strategies to synthesize 3D COF with ideal structure. Here, we utilize two-dimensional covalent organic framework (2D COF) with allyl side chain to achieve interlayer crosslinking through olefin metathesis reaction, thereby constructing a 3D COF with cage-like structures. This new material named CAGE-COF has larger specific surface area and more open pore structure than the original 2D COF. The cathode material with CAGE-COF retained 78.7% of its initial capacity after 500 cycles, and the fading rate is 0.04% each cycle.
Homogenization of the linearized ionic transport equations in random porous media
Authors: Mikelić Andro , Piatnitski Andrey 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper we obtain the homogenization results for a system of partial differential equations describing the transport of a N-component electrolyte in a dilute Newtonian solvent through a rigid random disperse porous medium. We present a study of the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation in a random medium, establish convergence of the stochastic homogenization procedure and prove well-posedness of the two-scale homogenized equations. In addition, after separating scales, we prove that the effective tensor satisfies the so-called Onsager properties, that is the tensor is symmetric and positive definite. This result shows that the Onsager theory applies to random porous media. The strong convergence of the fluxes is also established. In the periodic case homogenization results for the mentioned system have been obtained in Allaire et al (2010 J. Math. Phys.
51 123103).
Iterative multiple instance learning for weakly annotated whole slide image classification
Authors: Zhou Yuanpin , Che Shuanlong , Lu Fang , Liu Si , Yan Ziye , Wei Jun , Li Yinghua , Ding Xiangdong , Lu Yao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Whole slide images (WSIs) play a crucial role in histopathological analysis. The extremely high resolution of WSIs makes it laborious to obtain fine-grade annotations. Hence, classifying WSIs with only slide-level labels is often cast as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem where a WSI is regarded as a bag and tiled into patches that are regarded as instances. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel MIL method for classifying WSIs with only slide-level labels in histopathology analysis. Approach. We propose a novel iterative MIL (IMIL) method for WSI classification where instance representations and bag representations are learned collaboratively. In particular, IMIL iteratively finetune the feature extractor with selected instances and corresponding pseudo labels generated by attention-based MIL pooling. Additionally, three procedures for robust training of IMIL are adopted: (1) the feature extractor is initialized by utilizing self-supervised learning methods on all instances, (2) samples for finetuning the feature extractor are selected according to the attention scores, and (3) a confidence-aware loss is applied for finetuning the feature extractor. Main results. Our proposed IMIL-SimCLR archives the optimal classification performance on Camelyon16 and KingMed-Lung. Compared with the baseline method CLAM, IMIL-SimCLR significantly outperforms it by 3.71% higher average area under curve (AUC) on Camelyon16 and 4.25% higher average AUC on KingMed-Lung. Additionally, our proposed IMIL-ImageNet achieve the optimal classification performance on TCGA-Lung with the average AUC of 96.55% and the accuracy of 96.76%, which significantly outperforms the baseline method CLAM by 1.65% higher average AUC and 2.09% higher average accuracy respectively. Significance. Experimental results on a public lymph node metastasis dataset, a public lung cancer diagnosis dataset and an in-house lung cancer diagnosis datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed IMIL method across different WSI classification tasks compared with other state-of-the-art MIL methods.
Breakdown and quasi-DC phase of a nanosecond discharge: Comparison of optical emission spectroscopy measurements with numerical simulations
Authors: Lepikhin N D , Kuhfeld J , Donkó Z , Luggenhölscher D , Czarnetzki U 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A nanosecond atmospheric pressure plasma jet operated in pure nitrogen is studied by spatially and temporally resolved optical emission spectroscopy complementing the companion paper (Kuhfeld et al 2023 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
32 084001), where the discharge is investigated by means of Particle-in-Cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) simulations and fluid models. Two temporal phases of the evolution of the discharge are identified: a fast breakdown and a quasi-DC phase. It is shown that during the breakdown phase several ionization waves develop, while after the breakdown the discharge has a structure similar to DC glow discharges, in agreement with the modeling predictions. The results of the measurements of the spatial-temporal dynamics of the light emission are compared with the distribution of densities of the

N

2
+

(

B

2

Σ
u
+

)

and

N

2

(

C

3

Π
u

)

states reconstructed from the PIC/MCC simulations. A good agreement is demonstrated.
Study on the fundamental factors of the property evolution of a 300 mm polycrystalline trap-rich layer
Authors: Dai Rongwang , Liu Yun , Wang Ziwen , Li Minghao , Wei Tao , Xue Zhongying , Wei Xing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The geometry and resistivity of the trap-rich layer are key parameters for 300 mm trap-rich silicon-on-insulator (TR-SOI) wafers. In this paper, the evolution of the warpage and resistivity of poly-Si layers grown by atmospheric chemical vapor deposition with deposition temperature has been studied. The ability to quantify the surface grain size of undoped poly-Si was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattering diffraction, and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). With a resolution scale of several nanometers, the fine grains on the surface of poly-Si are accurately identified by TKD. It is confirmed that the decrease in compressive stress with deposition temperature is caused by the lower ratio of (110) grain orientation and the reduction of fine grains on the surface. However, when stress is released, the random grain boundaries (GBs) of poly-Si change into coincidence site lattice low-Σ GBs with low recombination activity, which greatly lowers the film bulk resistivity and reduces its capacity to trap charges. Thus, a process window for the manufacturing of 300 mm TR-SOI wafers is created by balancing the degradation of resistivity in the process of using deposition temperature to seek improvements in poly-Si warpage.
Optical solitons of improved perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation with cubic-quintic-septic and triple-power laws in optical metamaterials
Authors: Cinar Melih , Cakicioglu Hasan , Secer Aydin , Ozisik Muslum , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose. This paper aims to extract optical solitons of improved perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equations (IP-NLSE) with cubic-quintic-septic (CQS) and a triple-power law (TP-law) using the new Kudryashov and the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion (eShGEE) methods. Methodology. First, we apply a wave transformation to the studied equations to generate the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NLODE) form. Next, by computing the balancing constant in the NLODE form, we use the new Kudryashov and eShGEE methods to obtain the equation’s solution in the NLODE form. We get an algebraic equation system on the NLODE by replacing the suggested solution function and its derivatives in the NLODE form. With the help of the solutions of the system, we are able to determine the appropriate solution sets for unknown parameters. Substituting these sets and wave transforms into the proposed solution functions by the new Kudryashov and eShGEE methods, we get the solutions for the problems under investigation. Findings. We have successfully obtained soliton solutions for the considered equations and plotted 3D and 2D graphs of the derived solution functions. In addition to obtaining the soliton solutions, we present some graphical investigation of the impact of the parameters in the considered equations. Originality. To our best knowledge, the improved perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equations with CQS and a triple-power law have not been studied before. It is also innovative to examine how the equation’s parameters affect the soliton’s behavior. In this regard, the study’s findings are novel, and it is anticipated that they will advance research in the area.
Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Ni1-2xMgxRuxO nanoparticles
Authors: Al Boukhari J , Bitar Z , Azab A A , Awad R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ni1-2xMgxRuxO (x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08) nanoparticles were synthesized via the coprecipitation method. The prepared NiO nanoparticles are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) that reveal the successful codoping and assure the thermal stability of the samples beyond 550 ˚C. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of the NiO cubic structure with RuO2 secondary phase that appears at high codoping concentrations. As the codoping concentration increases, the lattice parameter increases and crystallite size decreases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show slightly agglomerated pseudo-spherical nanoparticles. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), X-ray photo-induced spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy reveal the elemental composition and deviation from perfect stoichiometry. UV–vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies are utilized to study the optical properties, where Ni0.84Mg0.08Ru0.08O nanoparticles show the highest direct band gap energy and lowest Urbach energy and electron-phonon interaction. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) shows single domain nanoparticles, such that the coercivity and magnetocrystalline anisotropy decrease as the size decreases. The bound magnetic polaron model was utilized to investigate the weak ferromagnetism exhibited by the prepared Ni1-2xMgxRuxO nanoparticles.
Food system emissions: a review of trends, drivers, and policy approaches, 1990–2018
Authors: Cerutti Nicola , Lamb William F , Crippa Monica , Leip Adrian , Solazzo Efisio , Tubiello Francesco N , Minx Jan C 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe food system, spanning from pre-production processes to post-production stages, is responsible for about one third of global greenhouse gas emissions and requires significant mitigation efforts to prevent dangerous levels of global warming. This article summarises trends and drivers of global food system emissions from 1990 to 2018. We highlight regional diversity in patterns of food system emissions and identify the highest global emitters. While food system emissions have stabilised in some regions and countries, global emissions are increasing, with growth in certain sectors and countries outweighing the handful of cases where sustained emissions reductions have been realised. Emissions from livestock rearing account for a large portion of global emissions, and the contribution of post-production emissions is steadily increasing in all regions. We also provide an overview of food system policies at the national level, mapping them to each emissions segment. This highlights the significant shortfall in policy activity required to address the challenge of climate change mitigation in general, and the impacts of livestock and post-production emissions in particular. Our work lays the groundwork for addressing specific country-level questions on optimal policy pathways to achieve emission reductions.
Single-atom doped graphene for hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Hu Huimin , Choi Jin-Ho 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Atomic doping is a widely used technique to modify the electronic properties of two-dimensional materials for various applications. In this study, we investigate the catalytic properties of single-atom doped graphene as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) using first-principles calculations. We consider several elements, including Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, P, As, and Sb, which were interstitially doped into single and double C vacancies in graphene. Our density functional theory calculations show that all the considered doped graphene, except for As-doped graphene, can be highly active for HER, with hydrogen adsorption free energies (ΔG
H*) close to the optimal value (ΔG
H* = 0), ranging from −0.19 to 0.11 eV. Specifically, ΔG
H* of Al, Ga, In, and Ge are much closer to zero when doped in the single vacancy than in the double vacancy. In contrast, ΔG
H* of Sb and Sn are much closer to zero in the double vacancy. Si and P have ΔG
H* values close to the optimum in both vacancies. Interestingly, the vacancy numbers play a crucial role in forming orbital hybridizations, resulting in distinct electronic distributions for most dopants. As a result, a few doped graphenes show distinctive ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic orders, which is also an important factor for determining the strength of H adsorption. These findings have important implications for designing graphene-based HER catalysis.
Hydrophobic durability and anti-corrosion of plasma nitriding layer: Evolution mechanisms of corrosion behavior under variations in local hydrochemistry
Authors: Zhao Minghan , Chen Dongxu , Jin Jiaying , Kang Hongwei , Wang Qian , Zhao Zhuo , Zhou Yanwen , Zhao Tan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mechanisms for the effects of nitrogen on the durability of hydrophobic and corrosion resistance of modified layers prepared on the surface of AH32 steel by plasma nitriding have been investigated. It was found that plasma nitriding can significantly improve the hydrophobicity of AH32 steel. All the contact angles (CAs) of the AH32 steel with 1 h, 3 h and 5 h nitriding were higher than 120°, which had excellent hydrophobicity. The acidification degree of the solution within the nitriding layer’s micro-zone was effectively reduced due to the dissolution of nitrogen. The micro-nano structures of the nitriding layers corroded severely after 15 days of exposure to NaCl solution. When the nitriding time is extended to 5 h, the acidification degree of the solution was intensified due to the enhanced blocking effect, and the nitrogen in the nitriding layer saturated that cannot provide enough nitrogen ions to offset the acidification of the solution, so the durability decreased instead. In comparison, the modified layer with 3 h nitriding in this study had the best durability and long-term service protective effect on AH32 steel.
Research on the impact of mandrels in titanium tubes during tube continuous rolling
Authors: Li Chao , Shuang Yuanhua , Chen Jianxun , Zhou Yan , Wang Chen , Chen Chen , Gou Yujun , Dong Bowen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tube continuous rolling (TCR) is a beneficial method for the production of titanium pipes due to its high efficiency and shorter process, with the mandrel playing a crucial role. The present study delved into the mechanism of the mandrel and its impact on the TCR process, through comprehensive analyses that included numerical simulations and experimental tests. The following conclusions were drawn: as the mandrel diameter coefficient increases, the area of the front slip zone gradually expands, and the tension changes from tensile stress to compressive stress. Additionally, the temperature exhibited an overall downward trend, while the strain distribution at the groove vertex and taper became more uneven. Concerning metallographic structure, instances where the mandrel diameter coefficient increases led to elongated, recrystallized grains at the groove vertex. The twinning quantity at the groove taper increased initially and then decreased, indicating a deformation mechanism shift from twinning to slip.
Foliar application of glycine betaine to ameliorate lead toxicity in barley plants by modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and biochemical parameters
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Vikram , Singh Pooja , Khyalia Pradeep , Verma Shivani , Saini Sakshi , Sharma Asha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a major problem in agricultural soil that negatively affects plant growth and development. Glycine betaine (GB) is an effective compatible solute that resists abiotic stress and plays an important role to mitigate various stresses. The present study is the first of its kind on the application of GB to mitigate Pb toxicity on barley cultivars. To elucidate the role of GB in mitigating Pb toxicity of three concentrations (15 mM, 25 mM, and 35 mM) in two barley varieties (BH-959 and BH-946) with and without foliar application of GB (2 mM) was examined. The study found that increasing Pb concentration significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the level of primary metabolites viz. photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrates in both cultivars upto 42.4%, 38.4% and 39% respectively. However malondialdehyde content, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, and POX) were found to increased significantly (p < 0.05) as compared to control treatment upto 83.4%, 83.2% and 51% respectively. In contrast, the application of GB led to significantly (p < 0.05) improved physio-biochemical parameters as well as antioxidant enzyme activity (53%) and reduced oxidative stress along with malondialdehyde content (14.42%) in both varieties. An increment in these parameters revealed that exogenous application of GB (2 mM) significantly improves Pb (up to 35 mM) toxicity in barley plants and its use may be beneficial for crops susceptible to Pb toxicity to improve growth and yield.
Dynamical influence of MJO phases on the onset of Indian monsoon
Authors: Lenka S , Gouda Krushna Chandra , Devi Rani , Joseph C M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There is a need to understand the onset of monsoon dynamics as the date of onset of monsoon (DOM) is an important parameter in framing all the policy for the imminent season like crop choice, sowing schedule, disaster management, power distribution etc It is observed that the interannual variability of the DOM in India is about 7–8 days, making it more challenge to predict this at long lead. The MJO phases are linked with the different convection centres and hence, influences the global circulation process and the rainfall. In this paper the dynamical influence of the different phases of MJO are being quantified on DOM and its progress in continental India by using the multi-source atmospheric and oceanic parameters like wind structure, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), sea surface temperature (SST). The linkage of the active and inactive phases of MJO along with the favourable conditions for DOM is obtained by using the pentad analysis of associated parameters in different clusters for both the wet and dry phases of MJO along with the strength for the period 1980–2018. Also the dynamics are studied for the early, normal and late onset years separately to understand the relation better. It is inferred that the wet (dry) phase leads to early (late) monsoon onset over Kerala (MOK) in India. To address the progress of monsoon the DOM in Rajasthan (MOR) is considered and the rainfall anomalies during MOK-MOR period are linked to the MJO phases. It is inferred that the wet MJO phase with negative OLR anomaly triggers the fast progress of monsoon over India. This understanding will surely help operational researchers and the NWP modellers for improving the methodologies for the advanced and accurate prediction of DOM.
Water quality modeling and prediction of water supply plants in low-temperature and low-turbidity periods by using black box artificial intelligence models
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Dongmei , Tao Zhe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The treatment of low-temperature and low-turbidity water, together with the control of operating parameters, is a big problem in water treatment. In this study, the daily monitoring data of one water supply plant from 2021 to 2022 was used to predict the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) during low temperature and turbid periods by using black box artificial intelligence models (AI), such as Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF) and Backpropagation Neural Network (BP). The results of a single model show that the DT model has better results than the other single models. In ensemble modeling, the performance of single artificial intelligence models can be improved by using neural network integration. In the validation phase, the ensemble model can improve the prediction accuracy by about 15%. At the same time, the model also obtained a reliable prediction effect in the same region, water source, and the process of the water supply plant.
Trichomes in the megadiverse genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae): a revised classification, identification parameters and standardized terminology
Authors: Pinto-Silva Natânia Pereira , De Souza Katiúscia Freire , Marques Silva Otávio Luis , Vitarelli Narah Costa , Da Paixão Noronha Pereira Amanda , Soares Deborah Aragão , Sodré Rodolfo Carneiro , Medeiros Débora , Caruzo Maria Beatriz Rossi , Carneiro Torres Daniela Santos , Da Silva Marcos José , Meira Renata Maria Strozi Alves , Riina Ricarda , Feio Ana Carla 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Trichomes are key functional traits that protect plants against abiotic stresses, herbivores and pathogens. In addition to their ecological roles, trichomes show high morphological variability in many lineages, providing useful characters for species characterization and taxon delimitation. Here, we focus on trichomes in Croton, a megadiverse genus (c. 1200 spp.) of Euphorbiaceae, in which these structures are ubiquitous and exhibit significant variation in form, location on the plant body, density and function. Owing to their functional and taxonomic relevance and the current need for further standardization of their terminology and classification, we revised previous trichome classifications used in the genus. We also provide new trichome data by expanding taxon sampling and using different methodological approaches in plant anatomy to improve understanding of the structural patterns of the trichome types present in the genus. On the basis of our results and literature review, we propose a new classification for trichomes in Croton based on well-defined parameters; this clarifies existing redundancies, is consistent with anatomical evidence and can be easily updated as new types are revealed in future surveys. This contribution will improve communication among taxonomists and promote more meaningful morphological comparability across systematics studies, including those focusing on morphological evolution and functional traits.