bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public health and nuclear winter: addressing a catastrophic threat
Authors: Vilhelmsson Andreas , Baum Seth D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the end of the Cold War, the world still has thousands of nuclear weapons and adversarial relations between the countries that possess them. A nuclear war could cause large and abrupt global environmental change known as nuclear winter, with potentially devastating public health consequences. A significant line of natural science research characterizes nuclear winter and its potential effect on global food security, but less has been done on the human impacts and policy implications. Therefore, this Viewpoint proposes an interdisciplinary research and policy agenda to understand and address the public health implications of nuclear winter. Public health research can apply existing tools developed for the study of other environmental and military issues. Public health policy institutions can help build preparedness and community resilience to nuclear winter. Given the extreme potential severity of nuclear winter, it should be treated as a major global public health challenge to be addressed by public health institutions and researchers.
Undergraduates’ behavioral intention to use indigenous Chinese Web 2.0 tools in informal English learning: Combining language learning motivation with technology acceptance model
Authors: Fan Cunying , Wang Juan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStudies concerning the utilization of Web 2.0 tools by language learners in higher education have predominately concentrated on the adoption of English-medium Web 2.0 tools in formal learning; while the use of indigenous Chinese Web 2.0 tools in informal English learning has not been adequately examined. This study aims to investigate factors that impact undergraduates’ behavioral intention to use indigenous Chinese Web 2.0 tools for informal English learning. It was conducted to verify a hypothesized mediation model with five factors, which were based on the technology acceptance model and language learning motivation. Structural equation modeling was employed with data from 834 undergraduates at a Chinese university. The findings revealed that undergraduates’ behavioral intention to adopt Chinese Web 2.0 tools was positively impacted by perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation in English learning, rather than by perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness acted as a mediator between perceived enjoyment and behavioral intention to use the tools, and perceived enjoyment mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation in English learning and the intention to utilize the tools. Two mediators (perceived enjoyment and perceived usefulness) together mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation in English learning and behavioral intention to adopt the tools. Implications were discussed when integrating indigenous Chinese Web 2.0 tools into informal English learning.
Interacting comparatively
Authors: Al-Sheroqi Thajbah , Al-Thani Fatima , Alzini Mariam , Souayah Ilhem , Theodoropoulou Irene 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Metaphors and proverbs are an indispensable sociocultural aspect of language. In this paper, we look at the sociocultural linguistic heterogeneity codified through metaphors and proverbs among three Arabic dialects, namely the Qatari, the Palestinian, and the Tunisian ones. The corpora of metaphors and proverbs have been elicited through interviews with relatives and friends, who live in Qatar, Palestine, and Tunisia respectively. The data are analyzed in the context of cognitive metaphor theory with a focus on comparative and interactionist perspectives. With a focus on two emerging themes, namely physical appearance, and sexual orientation, we argue that the Qatari dialect seems to be more inventive in the sexual orientation theme, while the Palestinian dialect foregrounds appearance due to the importance of marriage in Palestinian society, and the Tunisian dialect shows no emphasis on a specific theme. The differences we have found in metaphors and proverbs offer a glimpse of the various social orders, symbolic meanings, and lifestyles found in the three respective cultures, which are a vital aspect of cultural literacy in the Arab world. In this sense, the study is a suggestion on how to analyze qualitatively sociocultural linguistic heterogeneity at the level of figurative language and its symbolic meanings.
Design and numerical analysis of a highly sensitive nano-layer coated photonic crystal fiber biosensor
Authors: Mousavi Monazah Seyede Mahboobeh , Salehi Mohammad Reza , Emami Farzin , Salehi Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a highly sensitive diabetes detection sensor based on photonic crystal fiber-gold plasmonic material is designed, proposed and analyzed. In this sensor, the application of a gold thin film increases the operating wavelength range (400 nm–1200 nm). The analyte, which is the cell, is placed outside the sensor and makes it easy to fabricate. The proposed sensor detects healthy and diabetic cells based on the refractive indices. Moreover, full-transistor modeling is presented to detect the probability of diabetes. In this model, healthy persons, persons with a low risk of diabetes and persons with a high risk of diabetes are diagnosed. Numerical results show that the proposed biosensor has a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 2127.7 RIU−1, amplitude resolution of 4.69 × 10−6 RIU, maximum wavelength sensitivity of 21 000 nm RIU−1 and wavelength resolution of 4.76 × 10−7 RIU.
New physical structures and patterns to the optical solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a higher dimension
Authors: Ali Karmina K , Yusuf Abdullahi , Alquran Marwan , Tarla Sibel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is commonly recognized that, despite current analytical approaches, many physical aspects of nonlinear models remain unknown. It is critical to build more efficient integration methods to design and construct numerous other unknown solutions and physical attributes for the nonlinear models, as well as for the benefit of the largest audience feasible. To achieve this goal, we propose a new extended unified auxiliary equation technique, a brand-new analytical method for solving nonlinear partial differential equations. The proposed method is applied to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a higher dimension in the anomalous dispersion. Many interesting solutions have been obtained. Moreover, to shed more light on the features of the obtained solutions, the figures for some obtained solutions are graphed. The propagation characteristics of the generated solutions are shown. The results show that the proper physical quantities and nonlinear wave qualities are connected to the parameter values. It is worth noting that the new method is very effective and efficient, and it may be applied in the realisation of novel solutions.
CaPdBi: A Nontrivial Topological Candidate
Authors: Sahoo Sushree Sarita , Behatha Anuroopa , Desai Vishal V , Kanchana V 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the framework of density functional theory, a comprehensive investigation of the mechanical, dynamical, and electronic properties of the compounds CaPdX (X= Sb and Bi) is performed. The investigated systems are both mechanically and dynamically stable. These compounds are claimed to be metallic by the electronic structure properties, with intriguing crossing points in the close proximity of the Fermi level. With spin orbit coupling (SOC) included, a gap appears at particular crossing points. The predicted electronic band structure shows that the d-states of Ca and Pd and the p-states of Bi and Sb dominate at the crossing sites. Inversion and time-reversal symmetry, together with the inclusion of SOC, demonstrate that CaPdBi is a Dirac metal. The calculated Z2 invariants for CaPdSb and CaPdBi are 0 and 1, which infer the trivial and non-trivial strong topological nature, respectively. As a whole, the investigated compound has future scope for its fascinating topological features, one amongst which is the presence of low-energy excitons (Dirac points).
Revisiting quantum transport across junctions of single and double-Weyl semimetals
Authors: Ghosh Suvendu , Nandy Snehasish , Taraphder A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Different types of transport in topological semimetals probe the signatures of their band topology directly. Using Landuer-Buttiker formalism, we study transport through a rectangular potential barrier created across a junction between two topological multi-Weyl semimetals (MSMs). In contrast to a regular Weyl semimetal with topological charge J = 1, MSMs are allowed to have monopole charges J > 1. Consequently, the band structures show highly anisotropic dispersions, being linear exclusively in one momentum direction, and exhibiting a power law dependence, governed by the topological charge J, in other two directions. In this work, we restrict ourselves to MSMs with J = 1 and 2, i.e. single- and double-Weyl semimetals, and our study reveals several unconventional features, which are unique to our systems of study and are useful as diagnostic tools for such topological systems and help to understand the role of anisotropies in these systems. Most strikingly, our study uncovers that the barrier becomes completely transparent to the particles obliquely incident on the barrier only when the incident energy (E) exactly equals to the half of the barrier-height (U) with a certain condition. On the other hand, we show that the Klein tunneling, i.e. the perfect transmission of the particles incident normally on the barrier, exists not only in E < U limit but also in E > U limit. Our study also identifies a new limit (E < U) of occurrence of classical Ramsauer-Townsend effect like condition. The results presented in this work could be tested in simple experiments.
Quantum capacitance of multi-layered 2D iodine for supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Kolavada Himalay , Gupta Sanjeev K. , Gajjar P. N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, the utilization of energy storage devices has been at its peak. A supercapacitor is superior to a battery because it has a quick charge-discharge rate and great energy storage capacity. Because of the lack of quantum capacitance, the overall capacitance in the supercapacitor is lower. In this study, we aimed to increase the quantum capacitance of the total capacitance of 2D iodine. For this, we work on 2D iodine from 1 layer to 5 layer and determine its quantum capacitance (CQ) to boost the supercapacitor qualities. Our research reveals that the CQ is rising with the increase of layers. The quantum capacitance of 1 layer is 406.64 μF/cm2 rising linearly to 1732.17 μF/cm2 for 5 layer. The charge storage on the cathode side is more significant than on the anode side, which shows that Iodinene functions as a cathode electrode in a supercapacitor.
Exotic Electronic Properties of Twisted Bilayer Graphene-Emergence of Twistronics
Authors: Veerpal  , Ajay  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In Twistronics we study the effect of relative twist between the layers of a material on the electronic properties of that layered materials. There are expected to be hundreds of layered materials which can give rise to thousands or even more layered materials with combination of layers and relative twist between the layers. There is a great possibility to encounter many exotic electronic properties in these rather less explored layered materials with relative twist between the layers. There is a lot to explore and understand, to unlock full potential of twistronics. A lot of theoretical and experimental studies have been done and are being done to explore the electronic properties of twisted bilayer graphene, making it a good material to start with to explore the hidden potential of twistronics. Here we present a simple theoretical model study for commensurate twisted bilayer graphene. Starting from understanding of moire pattern in twisted bilayer graphene our study goes through writing of tight binding Hamiltonian, computational codes to determine various model parameters, solution of Hamiltonian to obtain quasi particle energies and density of states near Fermi energy in twisted bilayer graphene. Our theoretical calculations have produced flat band near Dirac point and Van-Hove singularities near Fermi energy, which agree qualitatively with recent experimental studies.
Evidence of half-metallic-2DHG at BiFeO3 based heterointerfaces
Authors: Jena Soumyasree , Bhattacharya Sanchari , Datta Sanjoy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The electronic properties of tetragonal BiFeO3 based hetero-structures, along with the tetragonal phase of SrTiO3 and PbTiO3 in (001) direction, is investigated with two types of interfaces. In the case of BiFeO3/SrTiO3(001) hetero-structure, the (FeO2)−/(SrO)0, and (BiO)+/(TiO2)0 interfaces are investigated respectively. For BiFeO3/PbTiO3(001) hetero-structure, the (FeO2)−/(PbO)0, and (BiO)+ / (TiO2)0 interfaces are studied. A tiny amount of half-metallicity has been found in the (FeO2)−/(SrO)0 interface while (BiO)+/(TiO2)0 interface behaves as metallic in the case of BiFeO3/SrTiO3(001) heterostructure. However, interestingly, (FeO2)−/(PbO)0 interface turns out to be a prominent half-metal with hole-type charge carriers, and (BiO)+/(TiO2)0 exhibits two-dimensional electron gas in the case of BiFeO3/PbTiO3(001).
Synthesis, applications and biosafety evaluation of carbon dots derived from herbal medicine
Authors: Sun Lingxiang , Zhang Ran , Zhang Tong , Liu Xiaoming , Zhao Yifan , Yang Mengqi , Cheng Huaiyi , Zhang Qingmei , Zhang Yanjie , Wu Xiuping , Li Bing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are novel zero-dimensional spherical nanoparticles with water solubility, biocompatibility and photoluminescence properties. As the variety of raw materials for CDs synthesis becomes more and more abundant, people tend to choose precursors from nature. Many recent studies have shown that CDs can inherit properties similar to their carbon sources. Chinese herbal medicine has a variety of therapeutic effects to many diseases. In recent years, many literatures have chosen herbal medicine as raw materials, however, how the properties of raw materials affect CDs has not been systematically summarized. The intrinsic bioactivity and potential pharmacological effects of CDs have not received sufficient attention and have become a ‘blind spot’ for research. In this paper, the main synthesis methods were introduced and the effects of carbon sources from different herbal medicine on the properties of CDs and related applications were reviewed. In addition, we briefly review some of the biosafety assessments of CDs, and make recommendations for biomedical applications. CDs that inherit the therapeutic properties of herbs can enable diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases, bioimaging, and biosensing in the future.
Autologous endothelialisation by the stromal vascular fraction on laminin-bioconjugated nanocellulose–alginate scaffolds
Authors: Oskarsdotter Kristin , Säljö Karin , Sämfors Sanna , Niemi Essi M , Li Susann , Simonsson Stina , Apelgren Peter , Scholz Hanne , Gatenholm Paul , Kölby Lars 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Establishing a vascular network in biofabricated tissue grafts is essential for ensuring graft survival. Such networks are dependent on the ability of the scaffold material to facilitate endothelial cell adhesion; however, the clinical translation potential of tissue-engineered scaffolds is hindered by the lack of available autologous sources of vascular cells. Here, we present a novel approach to achieving autologous endothelialisation in nanocellulose-based scaffolds by using adipose tissue-derived vascular cells on nanocellulose-based scaffolds. We used sodium periodate-mediated bioconjugation to covalently bind laminin to the scaffold surface and isolated the stromal vascular fraction and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs; CD31+CD45−) from human lipoaspirate. Additionally, we assessed the adhesive capacity of scaffold bioconjugation in vitro using both adipose tissue-derived cell populations and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results showed that the bioconjugated scaffold exhibited remarkably higher cell viability and scaffold surface coverage by adhesion regardless of cell type, whereas control groups comprising cells on non-bioconjugated scaffolds exhibited minimal cell adhesion across all cell types. Furthermore, on culture day 3, EPCs seeded on laminin-bioconjugated scaffolds showed positive immunofluorescence staining for the endothelial markers CD31 and CD34, suggesting that the scaffolds promoted progenitor differentiation into mature endothelial cells. These findings present a possible strategy for generating autologous vasculature and thereby increase the clinical relevance of 3D-bioprinted nanocellulose-based constructs.
Do beaver ponds increase methane emissions along Arctic tundra streams?
Authors: Clark Jason A , Tape Ken D , Baskaran Latha , Elder Clayton , Miller Charles , Miner Kimberley , O’Donnell Jonathan A , Jones Benjamin M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Beaver engineering in the Arctic tundra induces hydrologic and geomorphic changes that are favorable to methane (CH4) production. Beaver-mediated methane emissions are driven by inundation of existing vegetation, conversion from lotic to lentic systems, accumulation of organic rich sediments, elevated water tables, anaerobic conditions, and thawing permafrost. Ground-based measurements of CH4 emissions from beaver ponds in permafrost landscapes are scarce, but hyperspectral remote sensing data (AVIRIS-NG) permit mapping of ‘hotspots’ thought to represent locations of high CH4 emission. We surveyed a 429.5 km2 area in Northwestern Alaska using hyperspectral airborne imaging spectroscopy at ∼5 m pixel resolution (14.7 million observations) to examine spatial relationships between CH4 hotspots and 118 beaver ponds. AVIRIS-NG CH4 hotspots covered 0.539% (2.3 km2) of the study area, and were concentrated within 30 m of waterbodies. Comparing beaver ponds to all non-beaver waterbodies (including waterbodies >450 m from beaver-affected water), we found significantly greater CH4 hotspot occurrences around beaver ponds, extending to a distance of 60 m. We found a 51% greater CH4 hotspot occurrence ratio around beaver ponds relative to nearby non-beaver waterbodies. Dammed lake outlets showed no significant differences in CH4 hotspot ratios compared to non-beaver lakes, likely due to little change in inundation extent. The enhancement in AVIRIS-NG CH4 hotspots adjacent to beaver ponds is an example of a new disturbance regime, wrought by an ecosystem engineer, accelerating the effects of climate change in the Arctic. As beavers continue to expand into the Arctic and reshape lowland ecosystems, we expect continued wetland creation, permafrost thaw and alteration of the Arctic carbon cycle, as well as myriad physical and biological changes.
The impact of particulate pollution control on aerosol hygroscopicity and CCN activity in North China
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Wang Yuying , Song Xiaorui , Shang Yi , Zhou Yunxiang , Huang Xin , Li Zhanqing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Air quality has greatly improved in China owing to the strict control policy enforced during the last decade. This study investigated the impact of particulate pollution control on aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in North China based on several data sources. The mass concentration of particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) decreased by one third from the summer of 2014 to the summer of 2020 in Xinzhou (XZ). The mass fractions of aerosol chemical components in PM2.5 also clearly changed, showing an increase in hydrophilic inorganics and a decrease in hydrophobic organics and black carbon from 2014 to 2020. Measurements of the particle number size distribution in XZ indicate that the occurrence frequency of new particle formation (NPF) events decreased significantly from 2014 to 2020, leading to a reduction in the generation of daytime ultrafine particles. The weakened NPF and increasing influence of morning and evening peak emissions modified the diurnal variations of the number concentration of condensation nuclei (N
CN) and CCN (N
CCN). The aerosol activation ratio was always higher in the summer of 2014 than in the summer of 2020. These results demonstrate that particulate pollution control can decrease N
CN and N
CCN but enhance aerosol hygroscopicity and activation ability.
Climate change is enforcing physiological changes in Arctic Ecosystems
Authors: Madani Nima , Parazoo Nicholas C , Miller Charles E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Remote sensing and site-level observations have shown unprecedented changes in Arctic ecosystems owing to climate warming. These observations include greening and browning trends in Arctic vegetation as well as changes in species composition both in the tundra and the boreal forests. Here, we leveraged solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) to study changes in ecosystem phenology across the pan-Arctic domain from 2000 to 2020. Ecoregions, as a proxy for plants’ functional traits, were the single most important variable to explain the spatial and phenological heterogeneity in observed SIF trends. We observed unique regional trends in ecosystems responses to climate change affecting the timing of spring photosynthesis onset, magnitude of peak productivity during the growing season (GS) and fall senescence. While, Photosynthetic activity in the early GS showed increasing trends across the vast majority of the pan-Arctic, it tends to decline at the end of the season for nearly half of the land area, including parts of North America but more significantly in central Siberia. The observed changes in phenology highlight the role of biodiversity in regional climate sensitivity and emphasizes the need for better representations of sub-biomes to community level information in Arctic ecosystem process models and projections. These results also highlight the importance of phenology information in ecosystem models for better understanding of the timing and magnitude of carbon uptake in the Arctic domain with accelerated changes in climate.
Effective binding potential from Casimir interactions: the case of the Bose gas
Authors: Pruszczyk Marcin , Jakubczyk Paweł 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider the thermal Casimir effect in ideal Bose gases, where the dispersion relation involves both terms quadratic and quartic in momentum. We demonstrate that if macroscopic objects are immersed in such a fluid in spatial dimensionality

d
∈
{
3
,
7
,
11
,
…
}

and at the critical temperature

T

c

, the Casimir force acting between them is characterized by a sign which depends on the separation D between the bodies and changes from attractive at large distances to repulsive at smaller separations. In consequence, an effective potential which binds the two objects at a finite separation arises. We demonstrate that for odd integer dimensionality

d
∈
{
3
,
5
,
7
,
…
}

, the Casimir energy is a polynomial of degree

(
d
−
1
)

in D
−2. We point out a very special role of dimensionality d = 3, where we derive a strikingly simple form of the Casimir energy as a function of D at Bose–Einstein condensation. We discuss crossover between monotonous and oscillatory decay of the Casimir interaction above the condensation temperature.