bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial: can quantitative fibrosis assessment be used to enhance prediction of outcomes in patients with alcohol‐related liver disease? Authors’ reply
Authors: Israelsen Mads , Guerrero Misas Marta , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Israelsen et al and Moodley & Dhanda papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16111 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16134
Propensity score matching analysis: incidence and risk factors for “stardust” gastric mucosa, a novel gastric finding potentially induced by vonoprazan
Authors: Yoshizaki Tetsuya , Morisawa Toshiyuki , Fujinami Maho , Matsuda Tatsuya , Katayama Norio , Inoue Kazuki , Matsumoto Masanori , Ikeoka Seitaro , Takagi Megumi , Sako Tomoya , Momose Kenji , Noda Mari , Eguchi Takaaki , Okada Akihiko 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundVonoprazan, a potassium‐competitive acid blocker, is used for acid‐related diseases. Occasionally, small white protrusions called “stardust” gastric mucosa have been detected in the stomachs of some patients taking vonoprazan.AimsTo determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, stardust gastric mucosa potentially induced by vonoprazanMethodsIn this study, we enrolled 19 503 patients who underwent endoscopy at our hospital between 2016 and 2019. Using propensity score matching, we retrospectively compared patients who received and did not receive vonoprazan. The two groups were matched for age, sex, history of proton pump inhibitor use, and atrophic gastritis.ResultsAfter 1:1 propensity score matching, each group comprised 2516 patients. Stardust gastric mucosa was detected significantly more often in the stomachs of patients receiving vonoprazan than those who had not received vonoprazan (4.9% vs 0.2%, P < 0.001). Its location was 70.7% in the upper third of the stomach, 29.3% in the middle third and none in the lower third. Histologically, this lesion had a mucus pool within a dilated duct surrounded by flattened glandular epithelium. The cumulative incidence rate of stardust gastric mucosa at 1, 2 and 3 years was 4.6%, 16.5% and 26.2%, respectively. The factors independently associated with the presence of stardust gastric mucosa were >205 days of vonoprazan oral intake (odds ratio [OR]: 6.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.60‐10.88) and female sex (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20‐2.58).ConclusionsStardust gastric mucosa appeared more frequently in the stomachs of patients taking vonoprazan.
TIPSS and reversal of sarcopenia, and TIPSS is a promising therapy for sarcopenia in cirrhosis—Authors’ reply
Authors: Artru Florent , Labreuche Julien , Louvet Alexandre 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Artru et al, Hey et al and Kumar & Dixit papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16080,https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16128andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16129
Letter: TIPSS improves muscle mass indices in patients with cirrhosis and severe portal hypertension – authors' reply
Authors: Artru Florent , Labreuche Julien , Louvet Alexandre 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Artru et al and Debnath & Rathi papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16080andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16127
Non‐selective beta‐blocker use in cirrhotic patients is associated with a reduced likelihood of hospitalisation for infection
Authors: Sasso Roula , Rockey Don C. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundNon‐selective beta‐blockers (NSBBs) reduce enteric bacterial translocation rates and the frequency of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in animal models.AimTo evaluate the effect of NSBBs on infection‐related admissions.MethodsWe performed a case‐control study of cirrhotic patients' first in‐patient admission between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. We examined NSBB use and the development of infection. We performed a propensity score‐matched analysis in those with NSBB use vs no use and calculated odds ratios on this matched cohort to determine the odds of outcomes based on NSBB use.ResultsWe identified 2165 cirrhotic patients who met our inclusion criteria. Most patients were Caucasian (69%), male (62%). Admission Model for End stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Charlson comorbidity index and Child‐Pugh score were 12 ± 1, 4 ± 2, and 8 ± 2, respectively. Ascites was the most common complication of portal hypertension (44%); 23% of patients used NSBBs at home. Infections occurred in 33% of admissions. In the propensity score‐matched cohort, the use of NSBBs at home was associated with lower overall, and specific, infections. The effect was similar in patients taking NSBBs for either primary or secondary oesophageal variceal prophylaxis and for those on NSBBs for other indications. Patients not on NSBBs had higher odds of infection (OR = 2.5), SBP (OR = 4.0), and bacteraemia (OR = 6.0).ConclusionHome use of NSBBs by patients with cirrhosis was associated with fewer infection‐related admissions. The data suggest that NSBBs in this group of patients reduce the risk of infection.
The diagnostic and prognostic significance of liver histology in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Forrest Ewan , Petts Gemma , Austin Andrew , Lloyd Kirsty , Wright Mark , Vergis Nikhil , Atkinson Stephen , Masson Steven , Patch David , Quaglia Alberto , Thursz Mark , Goldin Robert 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundLiver biopsy may be of diagnostic and prognostic value but its role in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) has been controversial.AimTo assess the utility of liver biopsy in the assessment of clinically severe AHMethodsThe histological features of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) were recorded and scored in patients enrolled in the Steroids or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis (STOPAH) trial who underwent liver biopsy. These features were then assessed relative to outcome and established clinical prognostic scores.ResultsThe STOPAH trial recruited 1068 patients; biopsies were obtained in 182 (17%). One hundred and sixty‐one biopsies were adequate for histological assessment and 140 (87%) were diagnostic for ASH. Only three biopsies (2%) did not have histological features of alcohol‐related liver injury. In biopsies performed prior to randomisation, ASH was identified in 92.5% of patients meeting clinical trial definitions of severe AH. In biopsies with ASH, taken before or within 48 hours of randomisation, survival differences between Alcoholic Hepatitis Histological Score (AHHS) groups were not significant: comparison of mild / moderate (91%: 21 of 23 patients) with severe (78%: 29 of 37 patients) groups: P = 0.18. The AHHS was not superior to clinical scores of prognosis: area under the curve for 28‐day mortality was 0.728, compared with 0.799 for the Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score and 0.728 for the MELD score.ConclusionLiver histology taken before treatment rarely changes the diagnosis in patients meeting strict criteria for a clinical diagnosis of AH. The AHHS is similar to clinical scores in determining prognosis.Clinical trial registrationEudraCT reference number: 2009‐013897‐42.ISRCTN reference number: 88782125.MREC number: 09/MRE09/59.UKCRIN ID: 9143.
Editorial: acid suppression with potassium‐competitive acid blockers—dismissing genotype concerns. Authors' reply
Authors: Hwang Jun Gi , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Hwang et al and Scarpignato & Hunt papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16131 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16139
Review article: exposure to microbes and risk of coeliac disease
Authors: Størdal Ketil , Kahrs Christian , Tapia German , Agardh Daniel , Kurppa Kalle , Stene Lars C. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundCoeliac disease is an immune‐mediated intestinal disease characterised by lifelong intolerance to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Microbial factors including infections or bacterial microbiota have long been suspected to be involved in the aetiology, but the scientific literature on the topic is scattered and heterogeneous.AimsTo review human observational studies on microbes and coeliac diseaseMethodsWe identified 135 publications judged relevant. Most studies were cross‐sectional, and prone to reverse causation and other biases. Only a few were prospective. Cohort studies and longitudinal studies that have sampled biological specimens before disease onset are emphasised in the review.ResultsInfections during early childhood were associated with an increased risk of subsequent coeliac disease in nine studies , whereas maternal infections during pregnancy did not show a clear association. For the most frequently studied microbial factors, some evidence for an association was found, includingHelicobacter pylori(four out of 16 studies), adenovirus (two out of nine studies) and enterovirus (two out of six studies). Rotavirus infections have been associated with disease development, and rotavirus vaccination may reduce the risk. Among the many studies of gut microbiota, most were cross‐sectional and, therefore, potentially influenced by reverse causation. Only two smaller prospective case‐control studies with sampling before disease onset were identified; they reported inconsistent findings regarding the faecal microbiome.ConclusionsSeveral microbes are potentially linked to coeliac disease. As microbial factors are amenable to interventions, larger prospective studies are still warranted.
Letter: elevated HBV DNA predicts poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection—authors' reply
Authors: Tseng Tai‐Chung , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Kao et al and Liu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16097 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16132
Letter: accuracy of magnetic resonance index of activity score to predict response to biologics in Crohn's disease—authors' reply
Authors: Rimola Jordi , Panés Julian , Ordás Ingrid 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Rimola et al and Debnath & Rathi papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16069andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16146
Letter: rates and determinants of significant liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B virus‐infected patients with low ALT levels in the absence of significant fibrosis
Authors: Huang Rui , Liu Jiacheng , Wang Jian , Wu Chao 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Sonneveld et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16067 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16183
Editorial: pharmacodynamics of potassium‐competitive acid blockers: comparing apples with apples – and with oranges. Authors’ reply
Authors: Sunwoo Jung , Nam Ji Yeon , Kim Bongtae , Song Geun Seog , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Sunwoo et al and Howden papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16121andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16140
Randomised clinical trial: high‐dose oral thiamine versus placebo for chronic fatigue in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bager Palle , Hvas Christian Lodberg , Rud Charlotte Lock , Dahlerup Jens Frederik 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundFatigue is a burdensome symptom for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Few pharmacological interventions have documented effect on fatigue in patients with IBD. A pilot study indicated a 20‐day effect with high‐dose thiamine.AimsTo investigate the effect and safety of high‐dose oral thiamine (600‐1800 mg/d) based on gender and weight on chronic fatigue in patients with quiescent IBD.MethodsThis was a randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled crossover trial. Patients had quiescent IBD, severe chronic fatigue and no other explanation for fatigue. Patients were allocated 1:1 to either 1) high‐dose oral thiamine for 4 weeks, 4 weeks of washout, 4 weeks of oral placebo or 2) oral placebo for 4 weeks, 4 weeks of washout, 4 weeks of high‐dose oral thiamine. Fatigue was measured using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease‐Fatigue Questionnaire. The primary outcome was improvement (≥3 points) of fatigue after 4 weeks on thiamine.ResultsForty patients were enrolled between November 2018 and October 2019. Crossover analysis showed a mean reduction of 4.5 points (95% CI 2.6‐6.2) in fatigue after thiamine compared with a mean increase of 0.75 point (95% CI −1.3‐2.8; P = 0.0003) after placebo. Furthermore, 55% of group 1 and 75% of group 2 showed an improvement ≥ 3 points while on thiamine compared with 25% of group 1 and 35% of group 2 while on placebo. Only mild side effects were detected.ConclusionWe showed a significant beneficial effect of high‐dose oral thiamine on chronic fatigue in IBD. The treatment was well tolerated.Trial registration: NCT03634735.
Serum triiodothyronine‐to‐thyroxine (T3/T4) ratio predicts therapeutic outcome to biological therapies in elderly IBD patients
Authors: Bertani Lorenzo , Tricò Domenico , Pugliese Daniela , Privitera Giuseppe , Linsalata Giuseppe , Zanzi Federico , Gloria Mumolo Maria , Barberio Brigida , Monzani Fabio , Marchi Santino , Guidi Luisa , Blandizzi Corrado , Armuzzi Alessandro , Costa Francesco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionRates of elderly patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are increasing, and biomarkers are needed to optimise their therapies. Serum triiodothyronine‐to‐thyroxine (T3/T4) ratio has been correlated with geriatric patient frailty.AimTo assess the suitability of T3/T4 ratio as a response marker to biologics in elderly patients with IBD.MethodsPatients with IBD over 60 years old were enrolled, when starting biological therapy. Therapeutic outcome was assessed after 54 weeks of treatment as mucosal healing (Mayo endoscopic score < 2 for ulcerative colitis; ulcer disappearance for Crohn's disease) and clinical remission (Partial Mayo Score < 2 for ulcerative colitis; Harvey‐Bradshaw Index < 5 for Crohn's disease). T3/T4 ratio was evaluated at baseline, and its association with therapeutic outcomes was tested by multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC).ResultsWe enrolled 80 patients; 44 achieved clinical remission and 36 mucosal healing. Baseline T3/T4 ratio was higher in patients with mucosal healing, as compared with those without mucosal healing (P < 0.0001), regardless of the disease type or biological drug (OR 6.4 [2.9‐14.3] for each T3/T4 unit increase, P < 0.0001). A cut point of 3.3 was identified as the optimal threshold of baseline T3/T4 ratio for predicting mucosal healing, providing 78% sensitivity and 89% specificity (area under the ROC curve 0.88 [0.79‐0.94]; positive and negative likelihood ratios 6.8 [2.9‐15.9] and 0.3 [0.1‐0.5] respectively).ConclusionsT3/T4 ratio seems a reliable tool for predicting therapeutic outcome of biological therapy in elderly patients with IBD. If validated, the assessment of this parameter before starting biological treatment might be suggested.
Similarly low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after either spontaneous or nucleos(t)ide analogue‐induced hepatitis B surface antigen loss
Authors: Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Tse Yee‐Kit , Liang Lilian Yan , Hui Vicki Wing‐Ki , Zhang Xinrong , Li Guan‐Lin , Lui Grace Chung‐Yan , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundIt is unknown whether patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance spontaneously or following anti‐viral therapy have similar clinical outcomes.AimTo compare the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with CHB who either cleared HBsAg spontaneously or following anti‐viral therapyMethodsAdult CHB‐monoinfected patients who cleared HBsAg between January 2000 and March 2019 were identified from a territory‐wide database in Hong Kong. Patients with liver transplantation and/or HCC before HBsAg loss were excluded. Patients’ demographics, comorbidities, anti‐viral treatment, laboratory parameters and HCC development were analysed.ResultsOf 7,124 identified patients with CHB who cleared HBsAg, mean age was 58.1 ± 13.8 years; 4,340 (60.9%) were male; 451 (6.3%) had cirrhosis; 5,917 (83.1%) and 1,207 (16.9%) had spontaneous and nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA)‐induced HBsAg seroclearance, respectively. Most patients had normal liver function at HBsAg loss. Patients with NA‐induced HBsAg seroclearance were younger, and more likely to be male and cirrhotic than patients with spontaneous HBsAg loss. At a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 4.3 (2.2‐7.6) years, 97 (1.6%) and 16 (1.3%) patients with spontaneous and NA‐induced HBsAg loss developed HCC, respectively. Patients who achieved NA‐induced HBsAg loss had comparable HCC risk as those with spontaneous HBsAg loss (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.43‐1.32, P = 0.323). The results remained robust in propensity score weighting and matching analyses.ConclusionThe HCC risk was similarly low after either spontaneous or NA‐induced HBsAg seroclearance in a territory‐wide cohort of patients with CHB who had cleared HBsAg.
Impact of abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy on disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: a multicentre cohort study from the GETAID
Authors: Broussard Doriane , Rivière Pauline , Bonnet Joelle , Fotsing Ginette , Amiot Aurélien , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Rajca Sylvie , Buisson Anthony , Gilleta Cyrielle , Pelletier Anne‐Laure , Serrero Melanie , Bouguen Guillaume , Altwegg Romain , Hebuterne Xavier , Nancey Stephane , Fumery Mathurin , Cadiot Guillaume , Nahon Stephane , Rahier Jean‐Francois , Gornet Jean‐Marc , Vendrely Veronique , Laharie David ,   Groupe d’Étude Thérapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID)
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundAbdominal or pelvic radiotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients raises concerns regarding the risk of worsening of underlying disease.AimTo assess the impact of radiotherapy on IBD course.MethodsA retrospective multicentre study including IBD patients exposed to abdominal or pelvic irradiation was conducted, retrieving IBD activity by semester (6‐month periods) before (from S‐4 to S‐1) and after (from S + 1 to S + 6) radiotherapy and IBD flare during follow‐up.ResultsSixty‐one patients (32 women, mean age 59 years), with 467 patient semesters of follow‐up, treated for digestive (n = 31), urinary tract (n = 23) and gynaecological cancers (n = 7) were included. Rates of IBD activity per semester were, respectively, 21% (95% CI: 16‐27) from S‐4 to S‐1; 12% (7‐19) from S + 1 to S + 3 (P = 0.15 vs S‐4 to S‐1) and 16% (10‐25) from S + 4 to S + 6 (P = 0.45 vs S‐4 to S‐1). With a median follow‐up of 156 weeks (interquartile range: 82‐365), rates of survival without IBD flare at 1 and 3 years after radiotherapy were 82.5% (73.2‐93.0) and 70.6% (58.8‐84.7). Moderate‐to‐severe acute radiotherapy‐induced gut toxicity and the absence of concomitant chemotherapy were independently associated with an increased risk of flare.ConclusionMost patients with non‐active IBD can be safely treated with abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy. Patients having acute gut toxicity and those without concomitant chemotherapy should be more closely monitored in the post‐radiotherapy period.
Circulatory microRNAs as potential biomarkers for fatty liver disease: the Rotterdam study
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Mens Michelle M. J. , Abozaid Yasir J. , Bos Daniel , Darwish Murad Sarwa , de Knegt Robert J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Pan Qiuwei , Ghanbari Mohsen 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundFatty liver disease (FLD) is the most common cause of liver dysfunction in developed countries. There is great interest in developing clinically valid and minimally invasive biomarkers to enhance early diagnosis of FLD.AimTo investigate the potential of circulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of FLD at the population level.MethodsPlasma levels of 2083 miRNAs were measured by RNA sequencing in 1999 participants from the prospective population‐based Rotterdam Study cohort. The Hounsfield Unit (HU) attenuation of liver was measured using non‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan. Logistic and linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders were used to examine the association of circulatory miRNAs with liver enzymes (n = 1991) and CT‐based FLD (n = 954). Moreover, the association of miRNAs with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis was assessed longitudinally in individuals who underwent abdominal ultrasound (n = 1211) and transient elastography (n = 777) after a median follow‐up of >6 years.ResultsCross‐sectional analysis showed 61 miRNAs significantly associated with serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase and/or alkaline phosphatase levels (Bonferroni‐corrected P < 8.46 × 10−5). Moreover, 17 miRNAs were significantly associated with CT‐based FLD (P < 8.46 × 10−5); 14 were among miRNAs associated with liver enzymes. Longitudinal analysis showed that 4 of these 14 miRNAs (miR‐193a‐5p, miR‐122‐5p, miR‐378d and miR‐187‐3p) were significantly associated with hepatic steatosis (P < 3.57 × 10−3) and three (miR‐193a‐5p, miR‐122‐5p and miR‐193b‐3p) were nominally associated with liver fibrosis (P < 0.05). Nine of the 14 identified miRNAs were involved in pathways underlying liver diseases.ConclusionsPlasma levels of several miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of FLD, laying the groundwork for future clinical applications.
Letter: propensity score—handle with care
Authors: Macaluso Fabio Salvatore , Orlando Ambrogio 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Townsend et al and Townsend & Subramanian papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16057 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16211
Mucosal penetration and clearance of gluten and milk antigens in eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Ravi Anupama , Marietta Eric V. , Alexander Jeffrey A. , Peterson Kathryn , Lavey Crystal , Geno Debra M. , Murray Joseph A. , Katzka David A. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundThe Th2 allergic pathway in eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) responds to food antigen exposure.AimTo compare the presence and temporal pattern of food antigen penetration in oesophageal mucosa in active and inactive EoE and controlsMethodsThirty‐two patients with EoE (20 active) and 10 controls were asked to eliminate all wheat and/or dairy 12, 24, 48, 72 or 96 hours before endoscopy. Immunostaining on endoscopic biopsies was performed for gliadin, casein and whey.ResultsGluten, casein and whey were detected by positive staining in 17/32 (53.1%), 21/32 (65.6%), and 30/32 (92.0%) of patients, respectively. In active vs inactive EoE, 70.0% vs 25.0% (P < 0.05), 80.0% vs 41.5%, and 90.0% vs 90.9% patients had detectable gliadin, casein and whey, respectively. Casein and whey (20.0% and 100%, respectively) but not gliadin, were present in controls. The gliadin staining density was greater in active compared to inactive disease at ≤ 24 vs >24 hours after exposure (P = 0.05) but no differences were detected when comparing active and inactive patients for casein and whey. There was greater staining density for whey than casein for all patients at ≤24 hours (mean 2.14 ± 0.91 and 1.07 ± 1.33, P = 0.02). In active EoE, IgG4 was present in 14/20 compared to one inactive patient.ConclusionThe oesophageal epithelium is selectively permeable and has relatively long dwell times for food antigens known to trigger EoE. The precise mechanism of antigen‐specific mucosal entry and the factors that determine the induction or effector trigger of the Th2 pathway activation merit further study.