bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of B lymphocyte development in the SKG mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kim Joo Eun (June) , Tung Lin Tze , Jiang Roselyn R. , Yousefi Mitra , Liang Yue , Malo Danielle , Vidal Silvia M. , Nijnik Anastasia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 1% of the world's population and is characterised by joint inflammation, the destruction of articular cartilage and bone, and many potentially life‐threatening extraarticular manifestations. B lymphocytes play a central role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis as the precursors of autoantibody secreting plasma cells, as highly potent antigen‐presenting cells, and as a source of various inflammatory cytokines, however, the effects of rheumatoid arthritis on B lymphocyte development remain poorly understood. Here, we analyse B lymphocyte development in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis, quantifying all the subsets of B cell precursors in the bone marrow and splenic B cells using flow cytometry. We demonstrate a severe reduction in pre‐B cells and immature B cells in the bone marrow of mice with active disease, despite no major effects on the mature naïve B cell numbers. The loss of B cell precursors in the bone marrow of the affected mice was associated with a highly significant reduction in the proportion of Ki67+ cells, indicating impaired cell proliferation, while the viability of the B cell precursors was not significantly affected. We also observed some mobilisation of the B cell precursor cells into the mouse spleen, demonstrated with flow cytometry and pre‐B colony forming units assays. In summary, the current work demonstrates a severe dysregulation in B lymphocyte development in murine rheumatoid arthritis, with possible implications for B cell repertoire formation, tolerance induction, and disease mechanisms.
Barriers and facilitators to healthcare for people without documentation status: A systematic integrative literature review
Authors: Clifford Namuun , Blanco Nancy , Bang So Hyeon , Heitkemper Elizabeth , Garcia Alexandra A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify the barriers and facilitators to healthcare for people without documentation status.DesignWe conducted a systematic integrative literature review following the Whittemore and Knafl methodology.MethodsLiterature search was conducted to identify studies addressing barriers or facilitators to healthcare for people without documentation status in the United States between 2012 and 2022. Studies were critiqued for quality, with results analysed thematically using the social‐ecological model.Data SourcesSearches were conducted in PubMed, PAIS, Web of Science, CINAHL and Psych Info in October 2022.ResultsThe review incorporated 30 studies (19 qualitative and 11 quantitative). People without documentation status encountered numerous healthcare barriers such as intrapersonal (lack of financial resources and health insurance, fear), interpersonal (language and cultural discrepancies, discrimination), community (bureaucratic requirements, anti‐immigrant rhetoric) and policy‐related barriers. Conversely, linguistically and culturally competent care, empathetic and representative staff, health navigators, safety‐net clinics and supportive federal policies emerged as key facilitators.ConclusionThese findings illuminate the complex healthcare disparities experienced by people without documentation status and underscore facilitators enhancing care accessibility. Future research is needed to explore interventions to increase access to care for this population.ImpactThis paper provides a comprehensive examination of the complex barriers and facilitators to healthcare for people without documentation status in the United States. The findings support the value of universal healthcare access, a priority of the World Health Organization, and can inform healthcare policies and practices worldwide.Reporting MethodThe review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses framework.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution was needed.Trial and Protocol RegistrationThe study protocol was registered with the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42022366289).
Exosomal circHIPK3 derived from umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances skin fibroblast autophagy by blocking miR‐20b‐5p/ULK1/Atg13 axis
Authors: Qiu Zhi‐Yang , Lin Shi‐Shuai , Pan Nan‐Fang , Lin Zhi‐Hu , Pan Yun‐Chuan , Liang Zun‐Hong 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundUmbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) could alleviate diabetes‐induced injury. Hence, this investigation aimed to explore the role and mechanism of UCMSCs‐derived exosomal circHIPK3 (exo‐circHIPK3) in diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsHFF‐1 cells were cultured in high glucose (HG) medium or normal medium, and treated with UCMSCs‐derived exo‐circHIPK3 or miR‐20b‐5p mimics or Unc‐51‐like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) overexpression vector. The surface markers of UCMSCs were analyzed using a flow cytometer. The differentiation potential of UCMSCs was evaluated using oil red O staining, alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Cell proliferation was determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The miRNA expressions were analyzed by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Protein levels were quantified by western blot. An immunofluorescence staining was used for observing LC3 expression. The interaction between miR‐20b‐5p and circHIPK3, and between miR‐20b‐5b and ULK1 were identified by a RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and a luciferase reporter assay.ResultsUp‐regulation of circHIPK3 was found in UCMSCs‐derived exosomes. Exo‐circHIPK3 decreased the miR‐20b‐5p level while increasing the contents of ULK1 and autophagy‐related gene 13 (Atg13) in HG‐induced fibroblasts. In addition, exo‐circHIPK3 activated HG‐induced fibroblast autophagy and proliferation. Overexpressed miR‐20b‐5p promoted fibroblast injury by inhibiting cell autophagy via the ULK1/Atg13 axis in HG conditions of high glucose. Moreover, exo‐circHIPK3 enhanced autophagy and cell viability in HG‐induced fibroblasts through the miR‐20b‐5p/ULK1/Atg13 axis.ConclusionUCMSCs‐derived exosomal circHIPK3 promoted cell autophagy and proliferation and accelerated the fibroblast injury repair by the miR‐20b‐5p/ULK1/Atg13 axis.
How much capital should be taxed? A review of the quantitative and empirical literature
Authors: Spataro Luca , Crescioli Tommaso 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature providing quantitative and empirical results on capital taxation. In doing this, we differentiate between individual and corporate taxes, respectively. From existing literature, it emerges that capital income taxes for individuals increase with the degree of heterogeneity within the population, market competition, and the economy's maturity, being negative (i.e., subsidy) in the presence of monopolistic competition or developing countries, no higher than 15% in Mirrleesian economies and as high as 45% when coupled with incomplete insurance markets and labor income taxes in competitive‐closed economies. Excessively high wealth tax rates for redistributive purposes, however, are prevented by the larger tax elasticity of rich (−1.15) with respect to poor (−0.09) individuals. Negative tax elasticities concerning employment (from −0.5 to −0.2), innovation (from −2.8 to −1.3), and investments (−4.7) suggest low corporate taxes, whose magnitude should be negatively related to the degree of the economy's openness, given also the possibility for firms to relocate abroad. Finally, although still inconclusive, the main conclusions concerning dividend taxes suggest that tax rates increase with the firm's size and, thus, be set at low levels for start‐ups.
Is School Absenteeism a Spectrum? Development and Validation of Japanese Futoko Spectrum Quotient (FSQ)1
Authors: Hou Yuejiang , Harada Yuki , Ota Masayoshi , Kato Hiromichi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to develop and validate a scale called the Futoko Spectrum Quotient (FSQ), which measures school absenteeism (futoko), as a method to achieve the early identification of at‐risk students. We recruited 673 students and 119 futoko students from secondary schools and educational support centers. The results showed that the bifactor model had better fit, proposing a general (G) factor representing avoidance motivation and an orthogonal specific (S) factor representing psychological distress. We then examined the measurement invariance and continuity of the latent bifactor construct of the FSQ, correlations of the FSQ with external variables, and measurement reliability to validate the FSQ. Our findings highlight the need to focus on students’ mental state prior to the emergence of absence behaviors and the significance of the present scale in theory and practice.
Whole genome assessment of a declining game bird reveals cryptic genetic structure and insights for population management
Authors: Luna Leilton W. , Williams Lisa M. , Duren Kenneth , Tyl Reina , Toews David P. L. , Avery Julian D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPopulation genomics applied to game species conservation can help delineate management units, ensure appropriate harvest levels and identify populations needing genetic rescue to safeguard their adaptive potential. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) is rapidly declining in much of the eastern USA due to a combination of forest maturation and habitat fragmentation. More recently, mortality from West Nile Virus may have affected connectivity of local populations; however, genetic approaches have never explicitly investigated this issue. In this study, we sequenced 54 individual low‐coverage (~5X) grouse genomes to characterize population structure, assess migration rates across the landscape to detect potential barriers to gene flow and identify genomic regions with high differentiation. We identified two genomic clusters with no clear geographic correlation, with large blocks of genomic differentiation associated with chromosomes 4 and 20, likely due to chromosomal inversions. After excluding these putative inversions from the data set, we found weak but nonsignificant signals of population subdivision. Estimated gene flow revealed reduced rates of migration in areas with extensive habitat fragmentation and increased genetic connectivity in areas with less habitat fragmentation. Our findings provide a benchmark for wildlife managers to compare and scale the genetic diversity and structure of ruffed grouse populations in Pennsylvania and across the eastern USA, and we also reveal structural variation in the grouse genome that requires further study to understand its possible effects on individual fitness and population distribution.
PASTA‐kinase‐mediated signaling drives accumulation of the peptidoglycan synthesis protein MurAA to promote cephalosporin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Mascari Carly A. , Little Jaime L. , Kristich Christopher J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe bacterial PASTA kinase, IreK, is required for intrinsic cephalosporin resistance in the Gram‐positive opportunistic pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis. IreK activity is enhanced in response to cell wall stress, such as cephalosporin exposure. The downstream consequences of IreK activation are not well understood in E. faecalis, but recent work in other low‐GC Gram‐positive bacteria demonstrated PASTA kinase‐dependent regulation of MurAA, an enzyme that performs the first committed step in the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway. Here, we used genetic suppressor selections to identify MurAA as a downstream target of IreK signaling in E. faecalis. Using complementary genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrated that MurAA abundance is regulated by IreK signaling in response to physiologically relevant cell wall stress to modulate substrate flux through the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway. Specifically, the IreK substrate, IreB, promotes proteolysis of MurAA through a direct physical interaction in a manner responsive to phosphorylation by IreK. MurAB, a homolog of MurAA, also promotes MurAA proteolysis and interacts directly with IreB. Our results therefore establish a connection between the cell wall stress sensor IreK and one critical physiological output to modulate peptidoglycan synthesis and drive cephalosporin resistance.
Review of intervention products for use in the prevention and control of anemia
Authors: Lopez de Romaña Daniel , Mildon Alison , Golan Jenna , Jefferds Maria Elena D. , Rogers Lisa M. , Arabi Mandana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnemia remains a major public health problem, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The World Health Organization recommends several interventions to prevent and manage anemia in vulnerable population groups, including young children, menstruating adolescent girls and women, and pregnant and postpartum women. Daily iron supplementation reduces the risk of anemia in infants, children, and pregnant women, and intermittent iron supplementation reduces anemia risk in menstruating girls and women. Micronutrient powders reduce the risk of anemia in children. Fortifying wheat flour with iron reduces the risk of anemia in the overall population, whereas the effect of fortifying maize flour and rice is still uncertain. Regarding non‐nutrition‐related interventions, malaria treatment and deworming have been reported to decrease anemia prevalence. Promising interventions to prevent anemia include vitamin A supplementation, multiple micronutrient supplementation for pregnant women, small‐quantity lipid‐based supplements, and fortification of salt with iodine and iron. Future research could address the efficacy and safety of different iron supplementation formulations, identify the most bioavailable form of iron for fortification, examine adherence to supplementation regimens and fortification standards, and investigate the effectiveness of integrating micronutrient, helminth, and malaria control programs.
Will intelligent machines become moral patients?
Authors: Moosavi Parisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses a question about the moral status of Artificial Intelligence (AI): will AIs ever become moral patients? I argue that, while it is in principle possible for an intelligent machine to be a moral patient, there is no good reason to believe this will in fact happen. I start from the plausible assumption that traditional artifacts do not meet a minimal necessary condition of moral patiency: having a good of one's own. I then argue that intelligent machines are no different from traditional artifacts in this respect. To make this argument, I examine the feature of AIs that enables them to improve their intelligence, i.e., machine learning. I argue that there is no reason to believe that future advances in machine learning will take AIs closer to having a good of their own. I thus argue that concerns about the moral status of future AIs are unwarranted. Nothing about the nature of intelligent machines makes them a better candidate for acquiring moral patiency than the traditional artifacts whose moral status does not concern us.
Geometrical correspondence of the Miura transformation induced from affine Kac–Moody algebras
Authors: Qu Changzheng , Wu Zhiwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Miura transformation plays a crucial role in the study of integrable systems. There have been various extensions of the Miura transformation, which have been used to relate different kinds of integrable equations and to classify the bi‐Hamiltonian structures. In this paper, we are mainly concerned with the geometric aspects of the Miura transformation. The generalized Miura transformations from the mKdV‐type hierarchies to the KdV‐type hierarchies are constructed under both algebraic and geometric settings. It is shown that the Miura transformations not only relate integrable curve flows in different geometries but also induce the transition between different moving frames. Moreover, the Miura transformation gives the factorization of generating operators of constraint Gelfand–Dickey hierarchy. Other geometric formulations are also investigated.
Phytocystatin 6 is a context‐dependent, tight‐binding inhibitor of Arabidopsis thaliana legumain isoform β
Authors: Santos Naiá P. , Soh Wai Tuck , Demir Fatih , Tenhaken Raimund , Briza Peter , Huesgen Pitter F. , Brandstetter Hans , Dall Elfriede 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYPlant legumains are crucial for processing seed storage proteins and are critical regulators of plant programmed cell death. Although research on legumains boosted recently, little is known about their activity regulation. In our study, we used pull‐down experiments to identify AtCYT6 as a natural inhibitor of legumain isoform β (AtLEGβ) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemical analysis revealed that AtCYT6 inhibits both AtLEGβ and papain‐like cysteine proteases through two separate cystatin domains. The N‐terminal domain inhibits papain‐like proteases, while the C‐terminal domain inhibits AtLEGβ. Furthermore, we showed that AtCYT6 interacts with legumain in a substrate‐like manner, facilitated by a conserved asparagine residue in its reactive center loop. Complex formation was additionally stabilized by charged exosite interactions, contributing to pH‐dependent inhibition. Processing of AtCYT6 by AtLEGβ suggests a context‐specific regulatory mechanism with implications for plant physiology, development, and programmed cell death. These findings enhance our understanding of AtLEGβ regulation and its broader physiological significance.
Combination phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy for retinal reattachment surgery in the Siberian Husky breed
Authors: Chen Tiffany M. , Sapienza John S. , Nadelstein Brad , Palmer‐Greenberg Samantha , Kim Kay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo report the success rate and complications of combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for treatment of cataracts and retinal detachment in the Siberian Husky breed.Animals StudiedClient‐owned Siberian Husky dogs that underwent combined phacoemulsification and PPV at two veterinary referral centers.ProcedureRetrospective study of 16 Siberian Husky dogs that underwent combined phacoemulsification and PPV with a minimum 3‐month postoperative follow‐up. Signalment and preoperative ophthalmic examination findings, intraoperative findings, and postoperative visual status and complications were recorded. Functional success was defined as the maintenance or restoration of vision.ResultsSeventeen eyes of 16 dogs were evaluated. Immediate postoperative anatomic success was achieved in all 17 eyes (100%), with functional success through the last known follow‐up examination achieved in 88.2% of operated eyes (15/17). The most common postoperative complication was silicone oil migration into the anterior chamber (AC‐SiO migration), occurring in 47.1% of eyes (8/17), followed by corneal endothelial decompensation and glaucoma each occurring in 17.6% of eyes (3/17).ConclusionsCombined phacoemulsification and PPV is a viable option in Siberian Husky dogs with cataracts and preoperative retinal detachment. Visual success was achieved in 88.2% of eyes, with the most common postoperative complication being AC‐SiO migration.
Testing a tine weeder with artificial weeds in the controlled conditions of a soil bin
Authors: Parks Jordan W. , Gallandt Eric R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFarmers adjust physical weed control (PWC) tools to optimize performance based on soil conditions, as well as the size and species of weeds and crop. These many variables make PWC field research challenging. Research in controlled conditions would reduce variability and allow more rapid testing of PWC tools. To this end, we constructed a soil bin with a mobile tool carriage inside of a heated glasshouse. The soil bin was 2 m wide by 12 m long by 1 m high. The mobile tool carriage can operate PWC tools at 0.4–19.0 km h−1. Research methods were developed using a tine weeding tool and artificial weeds (AWs). The tine weeder offered uniform soil disturbance and, based on observation, has both uprooting and burial modes of action. Tine speed, angle and depth were evaluated in replicated soil bin and field experiments. Efficacy using AWs in soil bin was similar to efficacy based on surrogate and a real weed in one field experiment, but much greater than values measured in a second field experiment. Despite this inconsistency, we think that the simplified conditions of the soil bin system may be useful to test and prioritize tool settings or adjustments for field studies.
Post's Correspondence Problem for hyperbolic and virtually nilpotent groups
Authors: Ciobanu Laura , Levine Alex , Logan Alan D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPost's Correspondence Problem (the PCP) is a classical decision problem in theoretical computer science that asks whether for pairs of free monoid morphisms there exists any non‐trivial such that . PCP for a group takes pairs of group homomorphisms instead, and similarly asks whether there exists an such that holds for non‐elementary reasons. The restrictions imposed on in order to get non‐elementary solutions lead to several interpretations of the problem; we mainly consider the natural restriction asking that and prove that the resulting interpretation of the PCP is undecidable for arbitrary hyperbolic , but decidable when is virtually nilpotent, en route also studying this problem for finite extensions. We also consider a different interpretation of the PCP due to Myasnikov, Nikolaev and Ushakov, proving decidability for torsion‐free nilpotent groups.
Mothers as Others in Collegiate Athletic Departments: The Impact of a Gendered Organization on Women Coaches
Authors: Siegele Jessica , Taylor Elizabeth , Saxe Kelsie , Smith Allison 
Published: September 2023

Work–life conflict and the underrepresentation of women in college coaching have been widely examined topics in sport research. However, more limited attention has been devoted to exploring the influence of parental status on the careers of coaches. The purpose of the study was to understand the experiences of women who voluntarily left the coaching profession because of its perceived incompatibility with motherhood. Utilizing Acker’s Theory of Gendered Organizations framework, the current study interviewed six former National Collegiate Athletic Association women coaches whose collegiate coaching careers ended prematurely due to the difficulty in balancing parental and professional responsibilities. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, three high-order themes were constructed: (a) no space for women; (b) getting out, wanting to be in; and (c) impact of gendered society. Findings indicate that women coaches with children experience unique barriers and challenges, which can ultimately lead to women exiting the college coaching profession. Findings dispel the myth that women “don’t want to coach” and implicate the compounding stress of gender roles in the family and broader society.
The validity of Birkhoff’s theorem in modified teleparallel equivalent theories of gravity
Authors: Cheng Ji-Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBirkhoff’s theorem is a vitally important theorem in studying local systems in theories of gravity. In this paper we provide a straightforward proof of the validity of Birkhoff’s theorem in modified teleparallel equivalent theories of gravity, which states that if the matter distribution is spherically symmetric, then the spacetime is static in a region in which t remains timelike and $$(r,\theta ,\phi )$$

(
r
,
θ
,
ϕ
)

stay spacelike. This version of Birkhoff’s theorem is rather trivial. The theorem also reveals the fact that the gravitational field of a spherically symmetric distribution of matter and of the spherically symmetric vacuum spacetime are both static in modified teleparallel equivalent theories of gravity.