bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonepitaxial Electrodeposition of (002)‐Textured Zn Anode on Textureless Substrates for Dendrite‐Free and Hydrogen Evolution‐Suppressed Zn Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jingmin , Huang Weiwei , Li Longwei , Chang Caiyun , Yang Kai , Gao Lei , Pu Xiong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNontoxic and safe aqueous Zn batteries are largely restricted by the detrimental dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution of Zn metal anode. The (002)‐textured Zn electrodeposition, demonstrated as an effective approach for solving these issues, is nevertheless achieved mainly by epitaxial or hetero‐epitaxial deposition of Zn on pre‐textured substrates. Herein, the electrodeposition of (002)‐textured and compact Zn on textureless substrates (commercial Zn, Cu, and Ti foils) at a medium‐high galvanostatic current density is reported. According to the systematic investigations on Zn nucleation and growth behaviors, this is ascribed to two reasons: i) the promoted nonepitaxial nucleation of fine horizontal (002) nuclei at increased overpotential and ii) the competitive growth advantages of (002)‐orientated nuclei. The resulting freestanding (002)‐textured Zn film exhibits significantly suppressed hydrogen evolution and prolonged Zn plating–stripping cycling life, achieving over 2100 mAh cm−2 cumulative capacity under a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a high depth of discharge (DOD) of 45.5%. Therefore, this study provides both fundamental and practical insights into long‐life Zn metal batteries.
High‐Performance Industrial‐Grade p‐Type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 Thermoelectric Enabled by a Stepwise Optimization Strategy
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yuan Minhui , Pang Kaikai , Zhang Yuyou , Wang Ruoyu , Tan Xiaojian , Wu Gang , Hu Haoyang , Wu Jiehua , Sun Peng , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Jiang Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the sole dominator of the commercial thermoelectric (TE) market, Bi2Te3‐based alloys play an irreplaceable role in Peltier cooling and low‐grade waste heat recovery. Herein, to improve the relative low TE efficiency determined by the figure of merit ZT, an effective approach is reported for improving the TE performance of p‐type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 by incorporating Ag8GeTe6 and Se. Specifically, the diffused Ag and Ge atoms into the matrix conduce to optimized carrier concentration and enlarge the density‐of‐states effective mass while the Sb‐rich nanoprecipitates generate coherent interfaces with little loss of carrier mobility. The subsequent Se dopants introduce multiple phonon scattering sources and significantly suppress the lattice thermal conductivity while maintaining a decent power factor. Consequently, a high peak ZT of 1.53 at 350 K and a remarkable average ZT of 1.31 (300–500 K) are attained in the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te0.95Se0.05 + 0.10 wt% Ag8GeTe6 sample. Most noteworthily, the size and mass of the optimal sample are enlarged to Ø40 mm‐200 g and the constructed 17‐couple TE module exhibits an extraordinary conversion efficiency of 6.3% at ΔT = 245 K. This work demonstrates a facile method to develop high‐performance and industrial‐grade (Bi,Sb)2Te3‐based alloys, which paves a strong way for further practical applications.
A Flexible and Polymer‐Based Chemiresistive CO2 Gas Sensor at Room Temperature
Authors: Shahrbabaki Zahra , Farajikhah Syamak , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Oveissi Farshad , Rath Ronil J. , Yun Jimmy , Dehghani Fariba , Naficy Sina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCO2 sensing is important in many applications ranging from air‐quality monitoring to food packaging. In this study, an amine‐functionalized copolymer, poly(N‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]‐methacrylamide‐co‐2‐N‐morpholinoethyl methacrylate) (p(D‐co‐M)) is synthesized, offering moderate basicity suitable for a wide CO2 detection range. Taking advantage of this characteristic of p(D‐co‐M), this polymer is used for designing a chemiresistive, low‐cost, flexible, and reversible CO2 sensor. The p(D‐co‐M)‐based sensors show a noticeable decrease in their direct current resistance and alternating current impedance upon exposure to a wide range of CO2 concentration (1–100%) at room temperature with a response and a recovery time of 6 and 14 min, respectively. Additionally, the p(D‐co‐M)‐based sensors demonstrate a favorable selectivity to CO2 in the presence of interfering gases including methanol, ethanol, toluene, and acetone. Surface potential measurements show an increase of +6.34 V upon exposure to humidity and CO2, indicating the protonation of the polymer's amine sites, facilitating the detection of CO2 in the wet environment. This sensor is efficient for detecting CO2 concentration released during fermentation of kimchi as a food model.
Ultrasound Microrobots with Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Schrage Matthijs , Medany Mahmoud , Ahmed Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUltrasound is an attractive modality for controlling micro/nanorobots due to penetrating deep into tissue, not being affected by the opaque nature of animal bodies, and generating a broad range of forces. However, ultrasound microrobots have poor navigation capabilities and the number of parameters involved in its motion make it extremely challenging for a human controller to accurately predict and manually correct the microrobot's position in real time. Herein, reinforcement learning control strategy is implemented to learn microrobot dynamics by accurately identifying micro/nanorobots (object detection and tracking) and manipulating them with ultrasound. This work demonstrates autonomous navigation of ultrasound microrobots in a fluidic environment. The propulsion strategy relies on the combined action of the primary and secondary radiation forces. Microswarms are formed through the secondary acoustic radiation force, while the primary acoustic radiation force guides the microrobots along a desired trajectory. Microrobots are trained using more than 100 000 images to study their unexpected dynamics. The control of the microrobots is validated, illustrating a good level of robustness and providing the microrobots with computational intelligence that enables them to navigate independently in an unstructured environment without outside assistance.
Structural Color Generation on Transparent and Flexible Substrates by Nanosecond Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures
Authors: Arthanari Srinivasan , Park Jong‐Eun , Bose Sivakumar , Kang Hyun Wook , Kim Sanha , Yang Minyang , Lee Huseung , Hwang June Sik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLaser patterning to fabricate micro/nanoscale structures attracts enormous attention as they find many functional applications owing to their controllable structure and unique properties. The present work proposes a unique solution‐based method to fabricate laser‐induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) patterns on a thin film of Titanium (IV) butoxide and Ag organometallic (OM) solution‐coated glass substrates with near infra‐red (NIR) nanosecond (ns) laser. The formation of periodic patterns has been confirmed, the thin film solution concentration affects the LIPSS pattern thickness and a continuous pattern is achieved with the diluted solution. Parametric studies demonstrate that the LIPSS patterns could be achieved with optimal solution dilution, laser fluence, scan speed, and pulse duration. A high power and faster scan speed result in discontinued, and defective patterns. The photothermal process such as material reorganization followed by electromagnetic absorption that takes place during laser patterning is mainly responsible for the fabrication of controlled structures. LIPSS patterned surfaces exhibit iridescent surface coloration while illuminated with white light, and the color spectrum from red to blue is distinguished. LIPSS patterned substrates serve as mold and structures are transferrable to the poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) film and exhibit iridescent structural coloration like LIPSS patterned substrates.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Addition of Nitromethane to Trifluoromethyl Aryl Ketimines Promoted by Electron‐Rich Bifunctional Iminophosphoranes
Authors: Krstić Milena , Benaglia Maurizio , Gazzotti Margherita , Colombo Eleonora , Sanz Miguel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThiourea‐based iminophosphorane (BIMP) organocatalysts featuring SPhos‐ or BIDIME phosphine units have been developed and successfully applied in the asymmetric addition of nitromethane to N‐Boc‐protected trifluoromethyl aryl ketimines. α‐Trifluoromethyl β‐nitroamines were obtained in 40–82% isolated yields and 80–95% enantioselectivities. A careful evaluation of the catalytic activity of BIMPs indicates that the catalysts derived from the combination via Staudinger reaction of a chiral 1,2‐amino alcohol‐derived thiourea‐organoazide with electron‐rich phosphines, promote the aza‐Henry reaction on fluorinated ketimines with the highest enantioselectivity, leading to the amine featuring a tetrasubstituted stereocenter in up to 95% ee. The reaction was performed also on gram scale, without loss of enantioselectivity.magnified image
Sulfonamide as Photoinduced Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalyst for Organophotoredox Hydrosilylation and Hydrogermylation of Activated Alkenes
Authors: Ram Bajya Kalu , Kumar Manjeet , Ansari Azaj , Selvakumar Sermadurai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReadily available, sterically, and electronically tunable sulfonamides have been developed as effective photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysts for selective Si−H functionalizations of a broad range of silanes. N‐centered radicals, catalytically generated from sulfonamides by photoredox catalyzed single‐electron oxidation, are the key intermediates that enable an effective HAT process for silyl radical generation to achieve hydrosilylation of activated alkenes. Additionally, this catalytic system can also be applied for the activation of Ge−H bond for hydrogermylation of activated alkenes through hydrogen atom transfer by sulfonamide derived nitrogen centered radical. The ability to generate silyl and germyl radical using this photochemical HAT process offers new avenue towards the sustainable synthesis of organosilicon and organogermanium compounds.magnified image
Ir‐Catalyzed α‐Alkylation of Methyl Ketones with Primary Carbohydrate Alcohols
Authors: Tsuge Kouki , Kubota Shunnichi , Sakamoto Kana , Kitayama Kenji , Nishimura Takahiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIridium‐catalyzed α‐alkylation of methyl ketones with primary carbohydrate alcohols proceeded via borrowing hydrogen strategy. Protected sugar derivatives having one free primary hydroxyl group reacted with methyl ketones to give the α‐alkylation products or alkylated 4,5‐unsaturated sugars along with the elimination of an alkoxy group.magnified image
Gold and Biocatalysis for the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Nor(pseudo)ephedrine Derivatives: Cascade Design Toward Amino Alcohols, Diols, and Diamines
Authors: González‐Granda Sergio , Steinkellner Georg , Gruber Karl , Lavandera Iván , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe combination of gold(I) and enzyme catalysis has provided access to a series of nor(pseudo)ephedrine derivatives in a regio‐ and stereoselective manner. The approach involves developing IPrAuNTf2‐catalyzed hydration of 1‐phenylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl acetate orN‐(1‐phenylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)acetamide, followed by (dynamic) asymmetric biotransamination or bioreduction of the corresponding keto ester or keto amide intermediates. Enzyme actions were completely selective towards the modification of the methyl ketones in a highly stereoselective manner, allowing the synthesis of enantio‐ and diastereomerically enriched products using either racemic or optically active starting materials. Thus, a series of amino alcohol, diol, and diamine derivatives were produced from propargyl esters or amides (57 to 86% isolated yield), the biocatalyst of choice determining the (stereo)selectivity of the overall cascade process (70–99% diastereomeric excess and >98% enantiomeric excess), and providing access to nor(pseudo)ephedrine compounds in a straightforward manner.magnified image
Fabrication and Facile Surface Derivatization of Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐Based Wound Dressing Materials Imparting Anti‐Infective, Excessive Biofluid Drainage, and Easy‐to‐Peel Characteristics
Authors: Mude Hemanjali , Tata Pranathi , Jamma Trinath , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Ray Dutta Jayati 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance warrants an antibiotic‐free approach to counter the bacterial threat in all possible applications of environmental and biomedical domains. In the context of smart wound dressing, besides imparting anti‐infective characteristics in a nonconventional fashion, it is also essential to imbibe multifunctional attributes like excessive biofluid drainage, easy‐to‐peel, optimal gas permeation, etc., for which appropriate material design is a prime requisite. In this work, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)− an FDA approved biocompatible polyester− is chosen for imparting antimicrobial properties by surface derivatization with molecularly‐dispersed ionic silver over quaternary ammonium moieties through a facile room temperate and organic solvent‐free approach. To render the other characteristics mentioned above, two different systems comprising PCL with varying porosity, namely, electrospun fibers and polyester‐coated cotton gauze, are developed. The dressing materials are thoroughly characterized and assessed for their structural, surface chemical, morphological, wettability, antibacterial, and peel strength properties as a function of surface derivatization steps. The bactericidal performance of the quaternary ammonium‐functionalized surfaces has enhanced manifold (≈7–10) after derivatizing with ionic silver. The in vivo efficacy study employing the dressing materials reveals ionic silver derivatized electrospun fibers as the most promising candidate, followed by cotton gauze‐coated with 5% PCL.
Sulfonic‐Pendent Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Enabling Benchmark Potential in Advanced Energy
Authors: Xu Ying , Yu Zhiwu , Zhang Qingyun , Luo Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBoth proton exchange membrane fuel cells and uranium‐based nuclear techniques represent two green and advanced energies. However, both of them still face some intractable scientific and industrial problems. For the former, established proton‐conduction materials always suffer one or another defect such as low proton conductivity, high activation energy, bad durability, or just small‐scale product; while for the later, there still lacks available adsorbent to selectively recover of UO22+from concentrated nitric acid (>1 M) during the spent fuel reprocessing due to the deactivation of the adsorption site or the decomposition of adsorbent under such rigorous conditions. It is found that the above two issues can be well solved by the construction of sulfonic‐pendent vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs), since these COFs contain abundant sulfonic units for both intrinsic proton conduction and UO22+capture through strong coordination fixation and vinylene linkage that enhances the stability up to 12 M nitric acid (one of the best materials surviving in 12 M HNO3).
Evolution of the Ferroelectric Properties of AlScN Film by Electrical Cycling with an Inhomogeneous Field Distribution
Authors: Kim Kyung Do , Lee Yong Bin , Lee Suk Hyun , Lee In Soo , Ryoo Seung Kyu , Byun Seungyong , Lee Jae Hoon , Kim Hani , Park Hyeon Woo , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work investigates the evolution of the ferroelectric (FE) performance of the sputtered aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) thin film, which has a high remanent polarization (Pr, > 100 µC cm−2) and coercive field (Ec, > 6 MV cm−1), with the electric field cycling. The work aims at elucidating the underlying origin of the severe fatigue behavior, even with a relatively small number of endurance cycles (<105). When cycled with a low electric field, an internal field is created by charges trapped between the FE layer and the interfacial dielectric layer (non‐FE). On the other hand, fatigue is observed when cycled with a high electric field cycling. This work proposes a new method to simulate a switching current utilizing an inhomogeneous field mechanism and the appropriate circuit model to assess the thickness change of the non‐FE layer. It is concluded that the thickened non‐FE layer after the field cycling results in fatigue.
Purely Electrical Controllable Spin–Orbit Torque‐Based Reconfigurable Physically Unclonable Functions
Authors: Zhao Xiaonan , Wang Xiujuan , Dong Yanan , Wang Wei , Bai Lihui , Chen Yanxue , Kang Shishou , Yan Shishen , Tian Yufeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the field of information hardware security, random variations obtained during device manufacturing process play a key role in generating unique and unclonable security keys. Existing physical unclonable functions (PUFs) utilizing these static randomnesses usually exhibit static challenge‐response pairs, which cannot be refreshed and limit their application prospects. Here, it is demonstrated that purely electrical controllable spin–orbit torque (SOT)‐based reconfigurable PUFs (rPUFs) can be realized in Pt/IrMn/Co/Ru/CoPt heterojunctions. By applying current pulses along two orthogonal directions, both the exchange bias between IrMn and Co and the SOT switching polarity (clockwise or counterclockwise) of perpendicularly magnetized CoPt can be reversibly controlled, which enables the realization of four rPUF states within a single device. By taking advantages of the sample growth and micro‐nanofabrication induced variations in the critical switching current density of SOT‐driven magnetization switching, the rPUF device with relatively good uniqueness and low bit error rate is achieved. Our work provides an approach to information hardware security and broadens the application of spintronics.
The Roles of Ni and Mn in the Thermal Stability of Lithium‐Rich Manganese‐Rich Oxide Cathode
Authors: Pan Hongyi , Jiao Sichen , Xue Zhichen , Zhang Jin , Xu Xilin , Gan Luyu , Li Quan , Liu Yijin , Yu Xiqian , Li Hong , Chen Liquan , Huang Xuejie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pursuit of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has brought extensive research on the high‐capacity lithium‐rich manganese‐rich oxide cathode (LRMO). However, practical applications of LRMO require a comprehensive understanding of its thermal stability, which determines the boundary for the safe use of LIBs. Here, systematic investigations of the thermal stability of LRMO are carried out by using in situ X‐ray diffraction and full‐field transmission X‐ray microscopy combined with X‐ray absorption near edge structure. The roles of Ni and Mn in affecting the thermal stability of LRMO are uncovered. It is surprising that Ni, despite being in the minority, acts as a key factor that governs the onset temperature of thermal decomposition. Unlike in lithium nickel‐cobalt‐manganese oxide cathodes where a higher content of Mn is believed to stabilize the structure with reduced heat release, in LRMO it causes more heat release which can be attributed to the lithium excess environment around Mn. In addition, it is revealed that the incomplete coverage of solid polymer electrolytes over the LRMO particle surface may lead to the deterioration of thermal stability. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the thermal behavior of LRMO cathodes for developing high‐capacity cathodes with improved safety, particularly, for future applications in solid‐state batteries.
24.96%‐Efficiency FACsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by an Asymmetric 1,3‐Thiazole‐2,4‐Diammonium
Authors: Zhou Hui , Yang Lu , Duan Yuwei , Wu Meizi , Li Yong , Xu Dongfang , Zou Hong , Wang Jungang , Yang Shaomin , Liu Zhike 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSurmounting complicated defects at the electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite interface plays a non‐trivial role in improving efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an asymmetric interface modification strategy (AIMS) is developed to passivate the defects from both a SnO2 ETL and the perovskite buried surface via incorporating 1,3‐thiazole‐2,4‐diammonium (TDA) into the SnO2/perovskite interface. Detailed experimental and calculated results demonstrate that N3 (the nitrogen atom bonding to the imine) in the TDA preferentially cures the free hydroxyl (OH), oxygen vacancy (VO), and the Sn‐related defects on the SnO2 surface, while N1 (the nitrogen atom bonding to the vinyl) is more inclined to passivate the Pb2+ and I− related defects at the perovskite buried surface. As a result, the TDA‐modified FACsPbI3 PSC yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.96% with a gratifying open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.20 V. In addition, the optimized PSCs exhibit charming air‐operational stability with the unencapsulated device sustaining 97.04% of its initial PCE after storage in air conditions for 1400 h. The encapsulated device maintains 90.21% of its initial PCE after maximum power point tracking for 500 h.
Thermodynamic‐kinetic synergistic separation of CH4/N2 on a robust aluminum‐based metal‐organic framework
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Shang Hua , Zhai Bolun , Li Xiaomin , Zhang Yingying , Wang Xiaoqing , Li Jinping , Yang Jiangfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA robust aluminum‐based metal–organic framework (Al‐MOF) MIL‐120Al with 1D rhombic ultra‐microporous was reported. The nonpolar porous walls composed of para‐benzene rings with a comparable pore size to the kinetic diameter of methane allow it to exhibit a novel thermodynamic‐kinetic synergistic separation of CH4/N2 mixtures. The CH4 adsorption capacity was as high as 33.7 cm3/g (298 K, 1 bar), which is the highest uptake value among the Al‐MOFs reported to date. The diffusion rates of CH4 were faster than N2 in this structure as confirmed by time‐dependent kinetic adsorption profiles. Breakthrough experiments confirm that this MOF can completely separate the CH4/N2 mixture and the separation performance is not affected in the presence of H2O. Theoretical calculations reveal that pore centers with more energetically‐favorable binding sites for CH4 than N2. The results of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) simulations indicate that MIL‐120Al is a potential candidate for selective capture coal‐mine methane.