bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic understanding of geopolymerization at the initial stage: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Yang Hualong , Ma Siqi , Zhao Shengjian , Wang Qikun , Liu Xuehui , He Peigang , Jia Dechang , Colombo Paolo , Zhou Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGeopolymers with a zeolite‐like structure are attractive inorganic binder materials for addressing the critical challenge of reducing the carbon footprint of the cement industry. Despite many efforts, the exact geopolymerization mechanism remains a topic of investigation. In the present work, we determined the dimerization processes between Si/Al‐bearing monomers through metadynamics. The free energy profiles were obtained using ab initio constrained molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal that metastable pentacoordinate states formed after exposure to the alkaline medium, followed by the release of the hydroxyl on the rotational axis. The presence of Al(OH)4− monomers would significantly reduce the reaction barriers of dimerization, implying that Al(OH)4− monomers promote the crosslinking degree of the geopolymer gel. Increasing the pH value of the alkali‐activated solution would facilitate the reaction between Si‐bearing monomers and Al(OH)4− monomers. However, the reaction between anionic Si‐bearing monomers presents a much higher barrier because of intensive electrostatic repulsion. Therefore, increasing the pH value decreases the Si/Al ratio of the geopolymer gel at the initial stage, which is consistent with the experimental results. This study refines the understanding of the oligomerization process of aluminosilicates by ab initio molecular simulations.
NextGenerationEU and the Future of the European Monetary Union: Shifting Interests and New Fractures in the German Power Bloc
Authors: Schneider Etienne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBased on joint borrowing and a significant transfer component, NextGenerationEU stands in contrast to Germany's longstanding rejection of a ‘debt’ and ‘transfer union’. This article probes into the determinants of this shift in Germany's European policy approach. Focusing on the conflicts in Germany over the ‘deepening’ of the Monetary Union through fiscal capacity building between 2015 and 2020, it investigates which actors, interests and strategies instigated this shift. The analysis is based on trade and exchange rate data, a qualitative document analysis of position papers as well as expert interviews with interest group representatives, parliamentarians and civil servants. Theoretically, the study draws on concepts from regulation theory, materialist state theory and neo‐Gramscianism. It argues that even though not a fundamental paradigm shift, Germany's push for NextGenerationEU indicates a strategic re‐orientation of parts of the German power bloc towards European fiscal integration, amplified by recent geopolitical dynamics and crisis tendencies.
The Delirium Interview as a new reference standard in studies on delirium assessment tools
Authors: Ditzel Fienke L. , Slooter Arjen J. C. , van den Boogaard Mark , Boonstra Michel , van Nesselrooij Timotheus A. , Kromkamp Marjan , Pop‐Purceleanu Monica , Rood Paul J. T. , Osse Robert Jan , Chan Carol K. , MacLullich Alasdair M. J. , Tieges Zoë , Neufeld Karin J. , Hut Suzanne C. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe reference standard in studies on delirium assessment tools is usually based on the clinical judgment of only one delirium expert and may be concise, unstandardized, or not specified at all. This multicenter study investigated the performance of the Delirium Interview, a new reference standard for studies on delirium assessment tools allowing classification of delirium based on written reports.MethodsWe tested the diagnostic accuracy of our standardized Delirium Interview by comparing delirium assessments of the reported results with live assessments. Our reference, the live assessment, was performed by two delirium experts and one well‐trained researcher who registered the results. Their delirium assessment was compared to the majority vote of three other independent delirium experts who judged the rapportage of the Delirium Interview. Our total pool consisted of 13 delirium experts with an average of 13 ± 8 years of experience.ResultsWe included 98 patients (62% male, mean age 69 ± 12 years), of whom 56 (57%) intensive care units (ICUs) patients, 22 (39%) patients with a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) < 0 and 26 (27%) non‐verbal assessments. The overall prevalence of delirium was 28%. The Delirium Interview had a sensitivity of 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71%–98%) and specificity of 82% (95% CI: 71%–90%), compared to the diagnosis of an independent panel of two delirium experts and one researcher who examined the patients themselves. Negative and positive predictive values were 95% (95% CI: 86%–0.99%), respectively, 66% (95% CI: 49%–80%). Stratification into ICU and non‐ICU patients yielded similar results.ConclusionThe Delirium Interview is a feasible reference method for large study cohorts evaluating delirium assessment tools since experts could assess delirium with high accuracy without seeing the patient at the bedside.
Histone deacetylase OsHDA706 increases salt tolerance via H4K5/K8 deacetylation of OsPP2C49 in rice
Authors: Liu Kai , Chen Jijin , Sun Shang , Chen Xu , Zhao Xinru , Hu Yingying , Qi Guoxiao , Li Xiya , Xu Bo , Miao Jun , Xue Chao , Zhou Yong , Gong Zhiyun 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTHigh salt is a major environmental factor that threatens plant growth and development. Increasing evidence indicates that histone acetylation is involved in plant responses to various abiotic stress; however, the underlying epigenetic regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that the histone deacetylase OsHDA706 epigenetically regulates the expression of salt stress response genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsHDA706 localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm and OsHDA706 expression is significantly induced under salt stress. Moreover, oshda706 mutants showed a higher sensitivity to salt stress than the wild‐type. In vivo and in vitro enzymatic activity assays demonstrated that OsHDA706 specifically regulates the deacetylation of lysines 5 and 8 on histone H4 (H4K5 and H4K8). By combining chromatin immunoprecipitation and mRNA sequencing, we identified the clade A protein phosphatase 2 C gene, OsPP2C49, which is involved in the salt response as a direct target of H4K5 and H4K8 acetylation. We found that the expression of OsPP2C49 is induced in the oshda706 mutant under salt stress. Furthermore, the knockout of OsPP2C49 enhances plant tolerance to salt stress, while its overexpression has the opposite effect. Taken together, our results indicate that OsHDA706, a histone H4 deacetylase, participates in the salt stress response by regulating the expression of OsPP2C49 via H4K5 and H4K8 deacetylation.
Global Banks and Synthetic Funding: The Benefits of Foreign Relatives
Authors: EGUREN‐MARTIN FERNANDO , OSSANDON BUSCH MATIAS , REINHARDT DENNIS 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of dislocations in foreign currency (FX) swap markets (“CIP deviations”) on bank lending. Using data from UK banks we show that when the cost of obtaining swap‐based funds in a particular foreign currency increases, banks reduce the supply of cross‐border credit in that currency. This effect is increasing in the degree of banks' reliance on swap‐based FX funding. Access to foreign relatives matters as banks employ internal capital markets to shield their cross‐border FX lending supply from the described channel. Partial substitution occurs from banks outside the UK not affected by changes in synthetic funding costs.
Well‐differentiated chrondrosarcoma in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Walz Sarah Ruth , Traslavina Ryan Patrick , Ruiz Byron Fredy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA cynomolgus macaque presented with an osteolytic lesion of the left femur. Histopathology was consistent with well‐differentiated chondrosarcoma. No metastasis was found in chest radiographs out to 12 months. This case suggests survival out to 1 year without metastasis following amputation may be possible in NHPs with this condition.
Mechanistic and therapeutic role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jha Dhanshree , Bakker Erik N. T. P. , Kumar Rahul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has emerged as the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Several pathological hallmarks have been identified, including neuroinflammation. A comprehensive insight into the underlying mechanisms that can fuel the development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary because of the alarmingly rapid increase in the frequency of incidence. Recently, NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as a critical mediator of neuroinflammation. Activation of nucleotide‐binding domain (NOD)‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, impaired autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress, triggers the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β and IL‐18. Subsequently, these cytokines can promote neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. It is well established that genetic or pharmacological ablation of NLRP3 alleviates AD‐related pathological features in in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, several synthetic and natural compounds have been identified that exhibit the potential to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviate AD‐associated pathology. The current review article will highlight the various mechanisms by which activation of NLRP3 inflammation occurs during Alzheimer's disease, and how it influences neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Moreover, we will summarise the different small molecules that possess the potential to inhibit NLRP3 and can pave the path for developing novel therapeutic interventions for AD.image
Diversity, taxonomy, and history of the tropical fern genus Didymoglossum Desv. (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae) in Africa
Authors: Dubuisson Jean‐Yves , Nivart Adèle , Bidault Ehoarn , Deblauwe Vincent , Droissart Vincent , Kamdem Narcisse G. , Rouhan Germinal , Ebihara Atsushi , le Péchon Timothée 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fern genus Didymoglossum (Hymenophyllaceae) is not so diverse in Africa with seven species at most. However, its local taxonomy is surprisingly still strongly debated, in particular within the Didymoglossum erosum complex interpreted either as a single polymorphic species or as a group of at least three distinct but morphologically very close taxa (D. erosum, Didymoglossum chamaedrys, and Didymoglossum benlii). Investigating these taxonomic issues and more generally the diversity of the genus in Africa and its origin, we conducted a complete anatomo–morphological analysis coupled with a molecular phylogenetic work based on rbcL. Our results support the recognition of all seven species, including Didymoglossum robinsonii that is likely distinct from the Neotropical Didymoglossum reptans to which the African populations were traditionally attributed. We here propose new characters and a novel key to distinguish the seven African species which also include Didymoglossum ballardianum, Didymoglossum lenormandii, and Didymoglossum liberiense. Once the taxonomy is clarified with respect to the distinct evolutionary lineages evidenced, the biogeographic history of the genus in Africa is discussed based on a divergence time estimation and the reconstruction of the ancestral geographic areas. These analyses reveal a Mesozoic (Cretaceous) vicariance event within Didymoglossum which is the second one hypothesized for the family Hymenophyllaceae.
Validation of the withdrawal assessment tool‐1 (WAT‐1) in pediatric cardiovascular patients on an inpatient unit
Authors: McAlister Sarah , Connor Jean A. , Engstrand Shannon , McLellan Mary C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeSedation and analgesia are administered to critically ill patients, which may result in physical dependence and subsequent iatrogenic withdrawal. The Withdrawal Assessment Tool‐1 (WAT‐1) was developed and validated as an objective measurement of pediatric iatrogenic withdrawal in intensive care units (ICUs), with a WAT‐1 score ≥ 3 indicative of withdrawal. This study's objectives were to test interrater reliability and validity of the WAT‐1 in pediatric cardiovascular patients in a non‐ICU setting.Design and methodsThis prospective observational cohort study was conducted on a pediatric cardiac inpatient unit. WAT‐1 assessments were performed by the patient's nurse and a blinded expert nurse rater. Intra‐class correlation coefficients were calculated, and Kappa statistics were estimated. A two‐sample, one‐sided test of proportions of weaning (n = 30) and nonweaning (n = 30) patients with a WAT‐1 ≥3 were compared.ResultsInterrater reliability was low (K = 0.132). The WAT‐1 area under the receiver operating curve was 0.764 (95% confidence interval; ± 0.123). There was a significantly higher proportion (50%, p = 0.009) of weaning patients with WAT‐1 scores ≥3 compared to the nonweaning patients (10%). The WAT‐1 elements of moderate/severe uncoordinated/repetitive movement and loose, watery stools were significantly higher in the weaning population.Practice ImplicationsMethods to improve interrater reliability warrant further examination. The WAT‐1 had good discrimination at identifying withdrawal in cardiovascular patients on an acute cardiac care unit. Frequent nurse re‐education may increase accurate tool use. The WAT‐1 tool may be used in the management of iatrogenic withdrawal in pediatric cardiovascular patients in a non‐ICU setting.
Chronotype influence on the effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on sleep and psychological status in France
Authors: Bessot Nicolas , Langeard Antoine , Dosseville Fabrice , Quarck Gaelle , Freret Thomas 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe present study aims to assess the influence of chronotype on lockdown‐induced effects on sleep and psychological outcomes. A total of 1671 participants were recruited in France and filled out online questionnaires about their sleeping hours and sleep quality, their chronotype (morning, intermediate, evening type), and their depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms both retrospectively (before lockdown) and currently (during the lockdown). Statistical analyses estimated the chronotype effect on the impact of the lockdown on sleep and psychological outcomes. Results show that during the lockdown, sleep quality decreased, sleep duration increased, and sleep midpoint was delayed and, while fatigue perception decreased, anxiety and depression increased. The decrease in sleep quality varied according to the participants' chronotype. The evening type's sleep quality decreased the most. A similar chronotype effect was also observed on sleep duration and sleep midpoint. Evening‐type participants also increased their depressive symptoms. These results suggest that evening‐type individuals have lower resilience to lockdown effect on psychological status and sleep pattern.
Epigenetic effects of folate and related B vitamins on brain health throughout life: Scientific substantiation and translation of the evidence for health improvement strategies
Authors: Caffrey A. , Lamers Y. , Murphy M. M. , Letourneau N. , Irwin R. E. , Pentieva K. , Ward M. , Tan A. , Rojas‐Gómez A. , Santos‐Calderón L. A. , Canals‐Sans J. , Leung B. M. Y. , Bell R. , Giesbrecht G. F. , Dewey D. , Field C. J. , Kobor M. , Walsh C. P. , McNulty H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuboptimal status of folate and/or interrelated B vitamins (B12, B6and riboflavin) can perturb one‐carbon metabolism and adversely affect brain development in early life and brain function in later life. Human studies show that maternal folate status during pregnancy is associated with cognitive development in the child, whilst optimal B vitamin status may help to prevent cognitive dysfunction in later life. The biological mechanisms explaining these relationships are not clear but may involve folate‐related DNA methylation of epigenetically controlled genes related to brain development and function. A better understanding of the mechanisms linking these B vitamins and the epigenome with brain health at critical stages of the lifecycle is necessary to support evidence‐based health improvement strategies. TheEpiBrainproject, a transnational collaboration involving partners in the United Kingdom, Canada and Spain, is investigating the nutrition–epigenome–brain relationship, particularly focussing on folate‐related epigenetic effects in relation to brain health outcomes. We are conducting new epigenetics analysis on bio‐banked samples from existing well‐characterised cohorts and randomised trials conducted in pregnancy and later life. Dietary, nutrient biomarker and epigenetic data will be linked with brain outcomes in children and older adults. In addition, we will investigate the nutrition–epigenome–brain relationship in B vitamin intervention trial participants using magnetoencephalography, a state‐of‐the‐art neuroimaging modality to assess neuronal functioning. The project outcomes will provide an improved understanding of the role of folate and related B vitamins in brain health, and the epigenetic mechanisms involved. The results are expected to provide scientific substantiation to support nutritional strategies for better brain health across the lifecycle.
Serum chemokine CC‐motif ligand 17 is a predictive marker of severe COVID‐19 in haemodialysis patients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Beppu Hiroko , Fukuda Tatsuya , Otsubo Naoya , Kawanishi Tomoko , Ogawa Toshie , Abe Yasutomo , Endo Mariko , Hanawa Tomohide , Sugita Chise , Kikkawa Yoshiaki , Hatakeyama Shuji , Yamada Tetsuya , Wakai Sachiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaintenance haemodialysis (HD) patients are at higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Because of a limited number of facilities that can provide inpatient treatment for COVID‐19 and HD, it is important to identify HD patients who are at high risk for severe COVID‐19. For mild to moderate COVID‐19 patients, chemokine CC‐motif ligand 17 (CCL17) was reported to be a predictive marker for severe COVID‐19; however, the validity of CCL17 among HD patients is unknown.MethodsThis retrospective observational study enrolled 107 HD patients with mild or moderate COVID‐19 at hospitalization (mean age 70.1 ± 15.1 years; 71.0% male). Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictive validity of indices for severe COVID‐19.ResultsDuring hospitalization, 32 patients developed severe COVID‐19. Serum CCL17 collected at admission exhibited a higher area under the curve value (0.818) compared with that of other indicators including lactate dehydrogenase and C‐reactive protein for the prediction of severe COVID‐19. The optimal cut‐off value for CCL17 was 150.5 pg/mL. A multi‐variate logistic analysis revealed that CCL17 (above 150.5 pg/mL) was significantly associated with severe COVID‐19 (Odds ratio, 0.063; 95% Confidence interval [CI], 0.017–0.227; p < .001) even after adjustment for covariates. The addition of the CCL17 to a model consisting of vaccination status, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, C‐reacting protein and lactate dehydrogenase significantly improved classification performance for severe COVID‐19 using the net reclassification (1.16, 95% CI: 0.82–1.50, p < .001) and integrated discrimination (0.18, 95% CI: 0.09–0.26, p < .001) improvement.ConclusionCCL17 levels in HD patients with mild or moderate COVID‐19 predict risk of developing severe COVID‐19.
Morphological disparity and evolutionary rates of cranial and postcranial characters in sloths (Mammalia, Pilosa, Folivora)
Authors: Casali Daniel M. , Boscaini Alberto , Gaudin Timothy J. , Perini Fernando A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSloth morphological evolution has been widely studied qualitatively, with comparative anatomy and morpho‐functional approaches, or through quantitative assessments of morphological variation using morphometrics. Only recently, however, have folivoran morphological disparity and evolutionary rates begun to be evaluated using discrete character data. Nonetheless, patterns of morphological evolution in separate character partitions have not been investigated, neither the relative influence of, on the one hand, phylogeny, and on the other, dietary and locomotory adaptations of sloths. Here we evaluate those patterns using a phylomorphospace approach, quantifying morphological disparity and evolutionary rates, and investigating possible drivers of morphological evolution for cranial and postcranial characters in Folivora. The evolution of the morphology in those partitions is associated with distinct patterns of disparity among clades and ecological groups, even though the two partitions do not differ substantially in overall evolutionary tempo. Historical processes shaped the morphological evolution of sloths more consistently than ecological ones, although changes in postcranial characters also seem to be associated with locomotory adaptations, in which morphological convergences were much more common. We also discuss important methodological trade‐offs in investigations of partitioned datasets mostly composed of fossil taxa.
Adherence to COVID‐19 health protocols in an online news context in the Philippines: A manifest content analysis
Authors: Sundiam Tyrone Gabriel D. , Sy Julia Czarina A. , Berdida Daniel Joseph E. , Talampas Patricia Yssabel R. , Suillan Hazel Abigail A. , Sumangil Eloisa Andrea V. , Sunga Angela Mariz E. , Sy Juco Samantha Nicole T. , Talastas Kyle Catherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesGlobally, adherence to COVID‐19 health and safety protocols played a crucial role in preventing the spread of the virus. Thus, this study analyzed online news articles reporting adherence to COVID‐19 health and safety protocols in the Philippines.DesignManifest content analysis.SampleNews articles (n = 192) from three major online news portals in the Philippines.MeasurementPublished online news articles were collected during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic (March 2020 to March 2021). Bengtsson's content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Member‐checking and intercoder reliability validated the study's results.ResultsThree main themes emerged: (a) adherence, (b) non‐adherence, and (c) partial adherence. The subthemes were labeled who, what, when, where, and why. The same behavior, social distancing, was the most adhered to and non‐adhered COVID‐19 health protocol. This protocol has the highest occurrences in political protest, religious‐related activities, and self‐initiated quarantine. Leisure activities both showed non‐adherence and partial adherence.ConclusionsOnline news articles depicted Filipinos’ adherence to health and safety protocols. Their adherence was primarily determined by one's group or community, social norms, and values. The government and its public health agencies should strengthen current efforts and continuously re‐evaluate existing policies to modify ineffective and confusing safety health protocols.