bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative approaches to methods training for early-career scientists: Rationale and process evaluation of the first cohort of the Michigan Integrative Well-Being and Inequality Training Program
Authors: Mezuk Briana , Zhong Chuwen , Firestone Monica 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
The Michigan Integrative Well-Being and Inequality (MIWI) Training Program aims to provide state-of-the-art, interdisciplinary training to enhance the methodological skills of early-career scientists interested in integrative approaches to understanding health disparities. The goals of this paper are to describe the scientific rationale and core design elements of MIWI, and to conduct a process evaluation of the first cohort of trainees (called “scholars”) to complete this program.

Methods:
Mixed methods process evaluation of program components and assessment of trainee skills and network development of the first cohort (n = 15 scholars).

Results:
The program drew 57 applicants from a wide range of disciplines. Of the 15 scholars in the first cohort, 53% (n = 8) identified as an underrepresented minority, 60% (n = 9) were within 2 years of completing their terminal degree, and most (n = 11, 73%) were from a social/behavioral science discipline (e.g., social work, public health). In the post-program evaluation, scholars rated their improvement in a variety of skills on a one (not at all) to five (greatly improved) scale. Areas of greatest growth included being an interdisciplinary researcher (mean = 4.47), developing new research collaborations (mean = 4.53), and designing a research study related to integrative health (mean = 4.27). The qualitative process evaluation indicated that scholars reported a strong sense of community and that the program broadened their research networks.

Conclusions:
These findings have implications for National Institutes of Health (NIH) efforts to train early-career scientists, particularly from underrepresented groups, working at the intersection of multiple disciplines and efforts to support the formation of research networks.
Tundra Browning in the Indigirka Lowlands (North‐Eastern Siberia) Explained by Drought, Floods and Small‐Scale Vegetation Shifts
Authors: Magnússon Rúna Í. , Groten Finn , Bartholomeus Harm , van Huissteden Ko , Heijmans Monique M. P. D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContrary to the general “greening of the Arctic”, the Siberian Indigirka Lowlands show strong “browning” (a decrease in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index or “NDVI”) in various recent satellite records. Since greening and browning are generally indicative of increases and losses in photosynthetically active biomass, this browning trend may have implications for the carbon balance and vegetation of this Arctic tundra region. To explore potential mechanisms responsible for this trend break from general Arctic greening, we studied timeseries of Landsat summer maximum NDVI, weather data, and high‐resolution maps of vegetation compositional change, topography, geomorphology and hydrology. We find that a significant proportion of browning (lower summer NDVI) is explained by moisture dynamics, with high snow depths and resulting floods as well as summer drought coinciding with low NDVI. Relations between seasonal weather variables and NDVI are spatially heterogeneous, with floodplains, drained thaw lake basins and Yedoma ridges showing different patterns of association with weather variables. Low summer NDVI after high snowfall was particularly evident in floodplains, likely explained by early summer floods. Local small‐scale vegetation changes explained only small amounts of variance in browning rates in Landsat NDVI. Local expansion of Sphagnum vegetation in particular may have contributed to recent browning of our study site, but higher resolution NDVI timeseries are necessary to accurately constrain the role of small‐scale vegetation shifts. Overall, associations identified in this study suggest that future increases in Arctic precipitation variability and extremes may limit tundra greening, but to different extents even across comparatively small topographical contrasts.
CAMK2D serves as a molecular scaffold for RNF8-MAD2 complex to induce mitotic checkpoint in glioma
Authors: Chuah You Heng , Tay Emmy Xue Yun , Grinchuk Oleg V. , Yoon Jeehyun , Feng Jia , Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Robert Matius , Jakhar Rekha , Liang Yajing , Lee Bernice Woon Li , Wang Loo Chien , Lim Yan Ting , Zhao Tianyun , Sobota Radoslaw M. , Lu Guang , Low Boon Chuan , Crasta Karen Carmelina , Verma Chandra Shekhar , Lin Zhewang , Ong Derrick Sek Tong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMAD2 is a spindle assembly checkpoint protein that participates in the formation of mitotic checkpoint complex, which blocks mitotic progression. RNF8, an established DNA damage response protein, has been implicated in mitotic checkpoint regulation but its exact role remains poorly understood. Here, RNF8 proximity proteomics uncovered a role of RNF8-MAD2 in generating the mitotic checkpoint signal. Specifically, RNF8 competes with a small pool of p31comet for binding to the closed conformer of MAD2 via its RING domain, while CAMK2D serves as a molecular scaffold to concentrate the RNF8-MAD2 complex via transient/weak interactions between its p-Thr287 and RNF8’s FHA domain. Accordingly, RNF8 overexpression impairs glioma stem cell (GSC) mitotic progression in a FHA- and RING-dependent manner. Importantly, low RNF8 expression correlates with inferior glioma outcome and RNF8 overexpression impedes GSC tumorigenicity. Last, we identify PLK1 inhibitor that mimics RNF8 overexpression using a chemical biology approach, and demonstrate a PLK1/HSP90 inhibitor combination that synergistically reduces GSC proliferation and stemness. Thus, our study has unveiled a previously unrecognized CAMK2D-RNF8-MAD2 complex in regulating mitotic checkpoint with relevance to gliomas, which is therapeutically targetable.
Compulsive sexual behavior and paraphilic interests in adults with chronic tic disorders and Tourette syndrome: a survey-based study
Authors: Kurvits Lille , Tozdan Safiye , Mainka Tina , Münchau Alexander , Müller-Vahl Kirsten R. , Cavanna Andrea E. , Briken Peer , Ganos Christos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarly research suggested that compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and paraphilic interests (PI) are more prevalent in adults with primary tic disorders compared to the general population. However, recent data on this topic remain scarce. We conducted an anonymous online survey capturing data on CSB and PI in adult patients with primary tic disorders. We also explored the role of antipsychotic tic medication and the impact of neuropsychiatric comorbidities like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression. In total, 62 participants (26 females/36 males) completed the survey. The prevalence of CSB and PI were 12.9% and 19.4%, respectively. There was no association with antipsychotic medication nor with symptoms of depression. However, the presence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was associated with a higher prevalence of both CSB and PI. The current results contrast with earlier reports and show that in adults with primary tic disorders, the prevalence of CSB and PI is not overly prominent.
A common allele of HLA is associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Augusto Danillo G. , Murdolo Lawton D. , Chatzileontiadou Demetra S. M. , Sabatino Joseph J. , Yusufali Tasneem , Peyser Noah D. , Butcher Xochitl , Kizer Kerry , Guthrie Karoline , Murray Victoria W. , Pae Vivian , Sarvadhavabhatla Sannidhi , Beltran Fiona , Gill Gurjot S. , Lynch Kara L. , Yun Cassandra , Maguire Colin T. , Peluso Michael J. , Hoh Rebecca , Henrich Timothy J. , Deeks Steven G. , Davidson Michelle , Lu Scott , Goldberg Sarah A. , Kelly J. Daniel , Martin Jeffrey N. , Vierra-Green Cynthia A. , Spellman Stephen R. , Langton David J. , Dewar-Oldis Michael J. , Smith Corey , Barnard Peter J. , Lee Sulggi , Marcus Gregory M. , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Pletcher Mark J. , Maiers Martin , Gras Stephanie , Hollenbach Jill A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudies have demonstrated that at least 20% of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain asymptomatic1–4. Although most global efforts have focused on severe illness in COVID-19, examining asymptomatic infection provides a unique opportunity to consider early immunological features that promote rapid viral clearance. Here, postulating that variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci may underly processes mediating asymptomatic infection, we enrolled 29,947 individuals, for whom high-resolution HLA genotyping data were available, in a smartphone-based study designed to track COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes. Our discovery cohort (n = 1,428) comprised unvaccinated individuals who reported a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2. We tested for association of five HLA loci with disease course and identified a strong association between HLA-B*15:01 and asymptomatic infection, observed in two independent cohorts. Suggesting that this genetic association is due to pre-existing T cell immunity, we show that T cells from pre-pandemic samples from individuals carrying HLA-B*15:01 were reactive to the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 S-derived peptide NQKLIANQF. The majority of the reactive T cells displayed a memory phenotype, were highly polyfunctional and were cross-reactive to a peptide derived from seasonal coronaviruses. The crystal structure of HLA-B*15:01–peptide complexes demonstrates that the peptides NQKLIANQF and NQKLIANAF (from OC43-CoV and HKU1-CoV) share a similar ability to be stabilized and presented by HLA-B*15:01. Finally, we show that the structural similarity of the peptides underpins T cell cross-reactivity of high-affinity public T cell receptors, providing the molecular basis for HLA-B*15:01-mediated pre-existing immunity.
Diverse modes of H3K36me3-guided nucleosomal deacetylation by Rpd3S
Authors: Guan Haipeng , Wang Pei , Zhang Pei , Ruan Chun , Ou Yutian , Peng Bo , Zheng Xiangdong , Lei Jianlin , Li Bing , Yan Chuangye , Li Haitao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContext-dependent dynamic histone modifications constitute a key epigenetic mechanism in gene regulation1–4. The Rpd3 small (Rpd3S) complex recognizes histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 36 (H3K36me3) and deacetylates histones H3 and H4 at multiple sites across transcribed regions5–7. Here we solved the cryo-electron microscopy structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpd3S in its free and H3K36me3 nucleosome-bound states. We demonstrated a unique architecture of Rpd3S, in which two copies of Eaf3–Rco1 heterodimers are asymmetrically assembled with Rpd3 and Sin3 to form a catalytic core complex. Multivalent recognition of two H3K36me3 marks, nucleosomal DNA and linker DNAs by Eaf3, Sin3 and Rco1 positions the catalytic centre of Rpd3 next to the histone H4 N-terminal tail for deacetylation. In an alternative catalytic mode, combinatorial readout of unmethylated histone H3 lysine 4 and H3K36me3 by Rco1 and Eaf3 directs histone H3-specific deacetylation except for the registered histone H3 acetylated lysine 9. Collectively, our work illustrates dynamic and diverse modes of multivalent nucleosomal engagement and methylation-guided deacetylation by Rpd3S, highlighting the exquisite complexity of epigenetic regulation with delicately designed multi-subunit enzymatic machineries in transcription and beyond.
Carbonaceous dust grains seen in the first billion years of cosmic time
Authors: Witstok Joris , Shivaei Irene , Smit Renske , Maiolino Roberto , Carniani Stefano , Curtis-Lake Emma , Ferruit Pierre , Arribas Santiago , Bunker Andrew J. , Cameron Alex J. , Charlot Stephane , Chevallard Jacopo , Curti Mirko , de Graaff Anna , D’Eugenio Francesco , Giardino Giovanna , Looser Tobias J. , Rawle Tim , Rodríguez del Pino Bruno , Willott Chris , Alberts Stacey , Baker William M. , Boyett Kristan , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Endsley Ryan , Hainline Kevin N. , Ji Zhiyuan , Johnson Benjamin D. , Kumari Nimisha , Lyu Jianwei , Nelson Erica , Perna Michele , Rieke Marcia , Robertson Brant E. , Sandles Lester , Saxena Aayush , Scholtz Jan , Sun Fengwu , Tacchella Sandro , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLarge dust reservoirs (up to approximately 108 M⊙) have been detected1–3in galaxies out to redshiftz ≃ 8, when the age of the Universe was only about 600 Myr. Generating substantial amounts of dust within such a short timescale has proven challenging for theories of dust formation4,5and has prompted the revision of the modelling of potential sites of dust production6–8, such as the atmospheres of asymptotic giant branch stars in low-metallicity environments, supernova ejecta and the accelerated growth of grains in the interstellar medium. However, degeneracies between different evolutionary pathways remain when the total dust mass of galaxies is the only available observable. Here we report observations of the 2,175 Å dust attenuation feature, which is well known in the Milky Way and galaxies atz ≲ 3 (refs.9–11), in the near-infrared spectra of galaxies up toz ≃ 7, corresponding to the first billion years of cosmic time. The relatively short timescale implied for the formation of carbonaceous grains giving rise to this feature12suggests a rapid production process, possibly in Wolf–Rayet stars or supernova ejecta.
Spin-state switching: chemical modulation and the impact of intermolecular interactions in manganese(iii) complexes
Authors: Bagchi Sukanya , Kamilya Sujit , Mehta Sakshi , Mandal Subhankar , Bandyopadhyay Arka , Narayan Awadhesh , Ghosh Subrata , Mondal Abhishake 
Published: July 2023

This work unravels the magneto-structural correlation of mononuclear manganese(iii) complexes via chemical modulation, showcasing the role of ligand substitutions, counter anion, and intermolecular interactions on spin-state switching.
Glycosyl benzoates as novel substrates for glycosynthases
Authors: de Lorenzo Sabrina , Pillet Lauriane , Lim David , Paradisi Francesca 
Published: July 2023

An engineered glycosidase from H. orenii showcases for the first time that glycosyl benzoates are better donors than p-nitrophenyl glucoside in enzyme-catalysed thioglucosylations. The thioglycoside products were formed with conversions up to 94%.
Defending against social engineering attacks: A security pattern‐based analysis framework
Authors: Li Tong , Song Chuanyong , Pang Qinyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSocial engineering attacks are a growing threat to modern complex systems. Increasingly, attackers are exploiting people's "vulnerabilities" to carry out social engineering attacks for malicious purposes. Although such a severe threat has attracted the attention of academia and industry, it is challenging to propose a comprehensive and practical set of countermeasures to protect systems from social engineering attacks due to its interdisciplinary nature. Moreover, the existing social engineering defence research is highly dependent on manual analysis, which is time‐consuming and labour‐intensive and cannot solve practical problems efficiently and pragmatically. This paper proposes a systematic approach to generate countermeasures based on a typical social engineering attack process. Specifically, we systematically ‘attack’ each step of social engineering attacks to prevent, mitigate, or eliminate them, resulting in 62 countermeasures. We have designed a set of social engineering security patterns that encapsulate relevant security knowledge to provide practical assistance in the defence analysis of social engineering attacks. Finally, we present an automatic analysis framework for applying social engineering security patterns. We applied the case study method and performed semi‐structured interviews with nine participants to evaluate our proposal, showing that our approach effectively defended against social engineering attacks.
The automatic identification and tracking of coronal flux ropes
Authors: Wagner A. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Sarkar R. , Price D. J. , Kumari A. , Daei F. , Pomoell J. , Poedts S. 
Published: July 2023

Context.Investigating the early-stage evolution of an erupting flux rope from the Sun is important for understanding the mechanisms of how it loses its stability and its space-weather impact.Aims.Our aim is to develop an efficient scheme for tracking the early dynamics of erupting solar flux ropes and to use the algorithm to analyse its early-stage properties. The algorithm is tested on a data-driven simulation of an eruption that took place in active region AR12473. We investigate the modelled footpoint movement and magnetic flux evolution of the flux rope and compare these with observational data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) in the 211 Å and 1600 Å channels.Methods.We used the time-dependent data-driven magnetofrictional model (TMFM) to carry out our analysis. We also performed another modelling run, where we stop the driving of the TMFM midway through the rise of the flux rope through the simulation domain and evolve it instead with a zero-beta magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) approach.Results.The developed algorithm successfully extracts a flux rope and its ascent through the simulation domain. We find that the movement of the modelled flux rope footpoints showcases similar trends in both the TMFM and relaxation MHD runs: the footpoints recede from their respective central location as the eruption progresses and the positive polarity footpoint region exhibits a more dynamic behaviour. The ultraviolet (UV) brightenings and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) dimmings agree well with the models in terms of their dynamics. According to our modelling results, the toroidal magnetic flux in the flux rope first rises and then decreases. In our observational analysis, we capture the descending phase of toroidal flux.Conclusions.The extraction algorithm enables us to effectively study the early dynamics of the flux rope and to derive some of its key properties, such as footpoint movement and toroidal magnetic flux. The results generally agree well with observational data.
Probing C–I bond fission in the UV photochemistry of 2-iodothiophene with core-to-valence transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Toulson Benjamin W. , Hait Diptarka , Faccialà Davide , Neumark Daniel M. , Leone Stephen R. , Head-Gordon Martin , Gessner Oliver 
Published: July 2023

The UV photochemistry of small heteroaromatic molecules serves as a testbed for understanding fundamental photo-induced chemical transformations in moderately complex compounds, including isomerization, ring-opening, and molecular dissociation. Here, a combined experimental-theoretical study of 268 nm UV light-induced dynamics in 2-iodothiophene (C4H3IS) is performed. The dynamics are experimentally monitored with a femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) probe that measures iodine N-edge 4d core-to-valence transitions. Experiments are complemented by density functional theory calculations of both the pump-pulse induced valence excitations and the XUV probe-induced core-to-valence transitions. Possible intramolecular relaxation dynamics are investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Gradual absorption changes up to ∼0.5 to 1 ps after excitation are observed for both the parent molecular species and emerging iodine fragments, with the latter appearing with a characteristic rise time of 160 ± 30 fs. Comparison of spectral intensities and energies with the calculations identifies an iodine dissociation pathway initiated by a predominant π → π* excitation. In contrast, initial excitation to a nearby n⟂ → σ* state appears unlikely based on a significantly smaller oscillator strength and the absence of any corresponding XUV absorption signatures. Excitation to the π → π* state is followed by contraction of the C–I bond, enabling a nonadiabatic transition to a dissociative π→σC−I* state. For the subsequent fragmentation, a relatively narrow bond-length region along the C–I stretch coordinate between 230 and 280 pm is identified, where the transition between the parent molecule and the thienyl radical + iodine atom products becomes prominent in the XUV spectrum due to rapid localization of two singly occupied molecular orbitals on the two fragments.
Studying the ballistic performance of a metal target under combined KE projectile impact
Authors: Bakhtiari Amir , Sheikhi Mohammad Morad , Bani Mostafa Arab Nasrollah , Khodarahmi Hossein 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, using analytical, numerical and experimental methods, the range of the ballistic limit thickness (BLT) of the metal target in the impact with the combined kinematic energy (KE) projectile is investigated. The design of these types of projectiles is to achieve effective damage behind the target and they consist of two components that are coaxial and back to back. The first KE projectile (FKEP) is a filled cylinder and acts as a leading projectile, while the second KE projectile (SKEP) is a hollow cylinder carrying a fuse and explosive materials and causing damage (behind the target) is obtained by the complete passage of this projectile from the target. There is little research available in the field of penetration analysis of these projectiles, and only a semi-analytical model based on shock theory has been presented for the analysis of hollow cylindrical projectile penetration. In this research, using the shock theory, a new analytical model is presented to predict the performance of the combined KE projectile in the metal target. In parallel, experimental tests of combined KE projectile hitting a metal target (using a Gas Gun weapon) and also a 2D axisymmetric simulation (LS Dyna software) were performed in the range of 200–850 m s−1 impact velocity. The average difference between the results of experimental tests and numerical simulation with the results of the analytical model is 7 and 5% respectively.