bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Implantable and Retrievable Upconversion Waveguides for Photodynamic Therapy in Deep Tissue
Authors: Shi Zhao , Gao Xiaohan , Cai Xue , Zhao Hongyou , Wang Xiuhong , Zhao Lingyun , Yin Lan , Ding He , Sheng Xing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe clinical administration of biophotonic approaches, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), is impeded by the low penetration of visible light in biological tissues. The cooperation of infrared (IR) light with deeper penetration and implantable IR‐to‐visible upconversion materials and devices establishes an effective strategy to generate visible light in deep tissue. In this work, a wirelessly powered upconversion waveguide‐based light source is reported for PDT‐based in vivo cancer treatments in deep tissue. Combining microscale IR‐to‐visible upconversion device arrays and a biocompatible waveguide, the implant exhibits enhanced IR transmission in biological environments and generates upconverted red emission in the target region at a depth >10 mm. The red illumination activates a photosensitizer in 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA)‐based PDT treatment, inducing massive apoptosis (>60% cell death) of tumor cells. After implanted in tumor‐bearing mice, the waveguides enable chronic operation for more than two weeks and reveal ideal anti‐tumor efficacies in the PDT process. Finally, the biocompatible waveguide can be retrieved from the tissue, leaving minimal traces after treatments. Such a waveguide implant represents a prospective technique to realize optical‐based biological modulations and medical treatments within the body.
Towards Double Resonant Cavity Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation in Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Shradha Sai , Abtahi Fatemeh , Gan Ziyang , Knopf Heiko , Fedotova Anna , Löchner Franz J. F. , George Antony , Pertsch Thomas , Turchanin Andrey , Eilenberger Falk 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA characteristic property of monolayered transition metal dichalcogenides is their strong nonlinear response. While they display a high conversion efficiency per atomic layer, due to their low thickness, the absolute value of their nonlinear response remains low. Here enhancement of the second harmonic generation (SHG) of monolayer MoS2 through the design, fabrication, and characterization of a monolithic microcavity, which aims to be double resonant at a fundamental wavelength of λ = 800 nm as well as its second harmonic, is demonstrated. The MoS2 monolayers are embedded in such a cavity, with the aim to simultaneously enhance the light‐matter interaction at the excitation wavelength and the SHG from the monolayers. A resonance enhancement for the SHG process is achieved through the cavity.
Negative Refractive Index in Dielectric Crystals Containing Stoichiometric Rare‐Earth Ions
Authors: Berrington Matthew C. , Sellars Matthew J. , Longdell Jevon J. , Rønnow Henrik M. , Vallabhapurapu Hyma H. , Adambukulam Chris , Laucht Arne , Ahlefeldt Rose L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDouble‐negative refractive index materials have attracted sustained experimental and theoretical interest because they can display a range of surprising optical phenomena, including negative Doppler shifts and perfect lensing. Double‐negative indexes have been achieved experimentally in engineered metamaterials; however, these materials become increasingly challenging to fabricate at shorter wavelengths, and at optical wavelengths only 2D negative index materials have been achieved. Here, it is shown that a double‐negative index can occur in a natural material, near narrow optical transitions of dielectric crystals stoichiometric in a rare‐earth ion. Optical measurements of two candidate materials, the magnetically‐ordered erbium crystals, ErCl3 ·6H2O and 7LiErF4, which have ultra‐narrow optical linewidths of 3 GHz and 250 MHz, respectively, in the telecom band are presented. It is shown that the spectral density of 7LiErF4 is sufficient to achieve a negative index at 1530 nm. This material can enable the exploration of negative refractive index effects at optical wavelengths in a truly 3D, natural medium.
Amplification and Dynamic Control of Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Poly (vinyl Alcohol)/CdSe@CdS Nanorod Assembly Twisted‐Stacking Hetero‐Structures
Authors: Wen Li , Xie Yifan , Yang Peng , Zhang Hongli , Li Jiahe , Feng Zeyu , Zou Gang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChiroptical materials with strong and switchable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties have gained considerable interest due to their feasible applications in optoelectronic devices, sensing, and information encryption. However, in most cases, their luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and figure of merit (FOM) values remain very low. Herein, a novel heterogeneous twisted‐stacking structure is proposed, which endows with strong CPL amplification (a maximum of ≈15‐fold enhancement) over traditional homogeneous structures and a high FOM value up to 0.11. Interestingly, their CPL performance (including the sign, magnitude, and spectral position) and the FOM values can be precisely manipulated or even inversed by simply uniaxial stretching, since the phase retardation of the anisotropic poly (vinyl alcohol) layer can be controlled. Moreover, by combining with the viologen gel electrochromic system, the in situ voltage‐driven switching and patterning of the CPL signal can be successfully achieved, with low operation voltage and good cycling stability. This study provides a creative strategy for fabricating strong and electrical switchable CPL‐active materials, which promise new opportunities in miniaturized smart electrochiroptical devices for future information technology.
Rational Quantification of Recombination Pathways of Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Kyung Hyung , Kim Jae‐Min , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the most challenging aspects in the fine design of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) adopting a host‐dopant structure in the emitting layer is the quantitative understanding of the Langevin recombination (LR) and trap‐assisted recombination (TAR). Here as fundamental research, the quantitative contributions of LR and TAR of the exciplex‐forming cohost‐based phosphorescent OLEDs to electroluminescence are explored by time‐dependent behaviors of current and luminance with numerical modeling. The LR and TAR coefficients are extracted from experimental measurements rather than calculations using theoretical formulas. The analysis of the TAR coefficient allows for determination of the trap generation efficiency according to the doping concentration, indicating the possibility of dopant aggregation and percolation of trap states. The portions of LR and TAR are successfully analyzed by drift‐diffusion modeling using these two coefficients, revealing that the TAR ratio increased from 15% to 44% with increasing doping concentration from 0.5 to 3 wt%. A novel strategy for enhancing the LR portion is presented based on the prediction map of the recombination mechanisms.
Self‐Aggregating Tau Fragments Recapitulate Pathologic Phenotypes and Neurotoxicity of Alzheimer's Disease in Mice
Authors: Le Ly Thi Huong Luu , Lee Jeeyoung , Im Dongjoon , Park Sunha , Hwang Kyoung‐Doo , Lee Jung Hoon , Jiang Yanxialei , Lee Yong‐Seok , Suh Young Ho , Kim Hugh I. , Lee Min Jae 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn tauopathy conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), highly soluble and natively unfolded tau polymerizes into an insoluble filament; however, the mechanistic details of this process remain unclear. In the brains of AD patients, only a minor segment of tau forms β‐helix‐stacked protofilaments, while its flanking regions form disordered fuzzy coats. Here, it is demonstrated that the tau AD nucleation core (tau‐AC) sufficiently induced self‐aggregation and recruited full‐length tau to filaments. Unexpectedly, phospho‐mimetic forms of tau‐AC (at Ser324 or Ser356) show markedly reduced oligomerization and seeding propensities. Biophysical analysis reveal that the N‐terminus of tau‐AC facilitates the fibrillization kinetics as a nucleation motif, which becomes sterically shielded through phosphorylation‐induced conformational changes in tau‐AC. Tau‐AC oligomers are efficiently internalized into cells via endocytosis and induced endogenous tau aggregation. In primary hippocampal neurons, tau‐AC impaired axon initial segment plasticity upon chronic depolarization and is mislocalized to the somatodendritic compartments. Furthermore, it is observed significantly impaired memory retrieval in mice intrahippocampally injected with tau‐AC fibrils, which corresponds to the neuropathological staining and neuronal loss in the brain. These findings identify tau‐AC species as a key neuropathological driver in AD, suggesting novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Real‐Space Observation of Ligand Hole State in Cubic Perovskite SrFeO3
Authors: Kitou Shunsuke , Gen Masaki , Nakamura Yuiga , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Tokunaga Yusuke , Ishiwata Shintaro , Arima and Taka‐hisa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn anomalously high valence state sometimes shows up in transition‐metal oxide compounds. In such systems, holes tend to occupy mainly the ligand p orbitals, giving rise to interesting physical properties such as superconductivity in cuprates and rich magnetic phases in ferrates. However, no one has ever observed the distribution of ligand holes in real space. Here, a successful observation of the spatial distribution of valence electrons in cubic perovskite SrFeO3 by high‐energy X‐ray diffraction experiments and precise electron density analysis using a core differential Fourier synthesis method is reported. A real‐space picture of ligand holes formed by the orbital hybridization of Fe 3d and O 2p is revealed. The anomalous valence state in Fe is attributed to the considerable contribution of the ligand hole, which is related to the metallic nature and the absence of Jahn‐Teller distortions in this system.
Light‐Assisted Energy Storage Devices: Principles, Performance, and Perspectives
Authors: Dong Ximan , Chen Xinyue , Jiang Xin , Yang Nianjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVarious energy storage devices are highly demanded by o ur modern society. The use of solar energy, an important green energy source, is extremely attractive for future energy storage. Recently, photo‐assisted energy storage devices have rapidly developed as they efficiently convert and store solar energy, while their configurations are simple and their external energy decline is much reduced. Light‐assisted energy storage devices thus provide a potential way to utilize sunlight at a large scale that is both affordable and limitless. Considering rapid development and emerging problems for photo‐assisted energy storage devices, this review starts with the fundamentals of batteries and supercapacitors and follows with the state‐of‐the‐art photo‐assisted energy storage devices where device components, working principles, types, and practical applications are explained. After the detailed demonstration of some photo‐assisted energy storage devices examples, the bottleneck of such light‐assisted energy storage devices is discussed and the prospects of the light‐assisted rechargeable devices are further outlined.
Accurate Model Parameter Identification to Boost Precise Aging Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Ding Shicong , Li Yiding , Dai Haifeng , Wang Li , He Xiangming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrecise prediction of lithium‐ion cell level aging under various operating conditions is an imperative but challenging part of ensuring the quality performance of emerging applications such as electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. Accurate and real‐time battery‐aging prediction models, which require an exact understanding of the degradation mechanisms of battery components and materials, could in turn provide new insights for materials and battery basic research. Furthermore, the primary barrier to meaningful artificial intelligence/machine learning for accelerating the prediction period is the exploitation of accurate aging mechanistic descriptors. This review comprehensively summarizes the evolution of deterioration mechanisms at the material and cell level in different environments and usage scenarios, including the intricate relationships between aging mechanisms, degradation modes, and external influences, which are the cornerstones of modeling simulation and machine learning techniques. Recent advances in electrochemical models coupled with internal battery degradation mechanisms as well as identification and tracking of aging parameters are shown, with particular emphasis on electrode balance and the anticipated trend of machine learning‐assisted reliable remaining useful life prediction. Precise simulation prediction of cell level aging will continue to play an essential role in advanced smart battery research and management, enhancing its performance while shortening experimental sequences.
Toward Full Utilization and Stable Cycling of Polyaniline Cathode for Nonaqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Guo Zhihua , Wang Junxiao , Yu Pu , Li Minle , Huang Liang , Hu Zijun , Wang Yonggang , Song Zhiping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyaniline is the most famous conducting polymer and also a promising organic cathode material for rechargeable batteries, however, it has demonstrated poor utilization of its theoretical capacity (294 mAh g−1) and inferior cycling stability in previous studies. Herein, for the first time, its fully reduced form, i.e., leucoemeraldine base (LB), is studied as an alternative to the commonly used emeraldine salt and base (ES and EB). For the three different forms, the precise structures are carefully determined, and the electrochemical performance are systematically investigated. Within 2.0−4.3 V, LB realizes almost full capacity utilization (92%) that is much superior to those of ES and EB. Within 2.0−4.2 V, it shows both high reversible capacity (277 mAh g−1) and cycling stability (84% capacity retention after 1000 cycles). The combination of electrochemical analysis, density functional theory calculation, and ex situ characterization reveals that the capacity utilization is positively associated with the pristine proportion of ─NH─ groups, and the capacity fading is caused by the irreversible electrochemical deprotonation at high charge potential. This work promotes both the electrochemical performance and mechanistic understanding of polyaniline to a new stage, towards practical application in energy storage devices as a low‐cost, high‐performance, sustainable, and green cathode material.
Practical Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Who Will Take The Crown?
Authors: Liang Xinghui , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have received increasing attention because they offer cost and safety advantages and avoid the challenges related to limited lithium/cobalt/nickel resources and environmental pollution. Because the sodium storage performance and production cost of SIBs are dominated by the cathode performance, developing cathode materials with large‐scale production capacity is the key to achieving commercial applications of SIBs. Therefore, developing host materials with high energy density, long cycling life, low production cost, and high chemical/environmental stability is crucial for implementing advanced SIBs. Among the developed cathode materials for SIBs, O3‐type sodiated transition‐metal oxides have attracted extensive attention owing to their simple synthesis methods, high theoretical specific capacity, and sufficient Na content. However, the relatively large Na‐ion radius leads to sluggish diffusion kinetics and inevitable complex phase transitions during the deintercalation/intercalation process, resulting in poor rate capability and cycling stability. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the research progress and modification strategies for O3‐type cathodes, including the component design, surface modification, and optimization of synthesis methods. This work aims to guide the development of commercial layered oxides and provide technical support for the next generation of energy‐storage systems.
A Medium‐Entropy Phosphate Cathode with Multielectron Redox Reaction for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Lin , Wang Miaomiao , Xiang Shuang , Sun Dan , Tang Yougen , Wang Haiyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAchieving multi‐sodium storage and high operating voltage is key to boosting energy density of NASICON‐type materials. However, the activation of more redox couples is usually accompanied by asymmetric and irreversible electrochemical reactions, thus causing fast capacity fading. To address this issue, a medium‐entropy concept is proposed, and a novel medium‐entropy Na3Mn2/3V2/3Ti2/3(PO4)3/C@CNTs (ME‐NMVTP) cathode is designed. The as‐prepared ME‐NMVTP achieves a successive redox reaction, delivering a highly reversible specific capacity of 147.9 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 together with a long‐term lifespan of 1000 cycles at 500 mA g−1 (capacity retention of 88.3%), which is superior to low‐entropy cathodes such as Na4MnV(PO4)3/C@CNTs (LE‐NMVP) and Na3MnTi(PO4)3/C@CNTs (LE‐NMTP). Moreover, benefiting from the entropy effect, solid‐solution and biphasic reactions with reversible structure evolution and small volume change are achieved during the multi‐sodium storage process. First‐principles calculation and kinetic analysis results affirm the enhanced electronic conductivity and facilitated Na+ migration of the ME‐NMVTP cathode derived from the synergistic effect of the three transition‐metal elementals in a medium‐entropy crystalline state. The strategy of engineering medium‐entropy to construct cathodes with superior performance is expected to be widely applicable to other electrode materials.
Cu‐Catalyzed Site‐ and Enantioselective Borylcyanation of 1,2‐Disubstituted Aryl Alkenes
Authors: Jie Xiaofeng , Zhao Yingying , Chong Qinglei , Meng Fanke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA catalytic chemo‐ and enantioselective generation of secondary benzylic copper complexes from Cu−B(pin) (pin=pinacolato) additions to 1,2‐disubstituted aryl alkenes followed by in situ site selective cyanation at either aryl group or benzylic position to construct multifunctional alkylboron compounds is presented. The method is distinguished by identification of chiral Cu complexes leading to not only high enantioselectivity but also better efficiency compared with achiral catalysts. In addition, an unprecedented mode of cyanation at benzylic site through dearomative isomerization was disclosed. Functionalization of multifunctional alkylboron products provides useful building blocks that are otherwise difficult to access.
Behavioral adjustments of endangered Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) living at the edge of an agricultural landscape in Morocco
Authors: Neves Elisa , Vallet Dominique , Cherkaoui Sidi Imad , Amhaouch Zouhair , Duperron Coline , Ménard Nelly , Le Gouar Pascaline 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransition zones between natural and human‐altered spaces are eroding in most terrestrial ecosystems. The persistence of animals in shared landscapes depends in part on their behavioral flexibility, which may involve being able to exploit human agricultural production. As a forest‐dependent species, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) is affected by the progressive conversion of forest‐adjacent lands into crops. We explore how Barbary macaque behavior differs between groups living in a forest at the edge of agricultural zones (hereafter “disturbed groups”) and groups inhabiting undisturbed forests (hereafter “natural groups”). We compare the diets, activity‐budgets, home range sizes, daily path lengths, and sleeping site locations of the groups. We also quantify anthropogenic disturbances (i.e., rates of encounter with humans and dogs) and investigate relationships between such disturbances and the diets and activity budgets of macaques through multiple co‐inertia analysis. Disturbed groups included high proportions of cultivated food items in their diet and encountered over 0.5/h anthropogenic disturbances. Activity‐budgets differed between disturbed and natural groups and were mostly influenced by diets, not anthropogenic disturbances. Disturbed groups spent more time feeding and less time resting than natural ones. Patterns of space use differed markedly between groups, with disturbed groups displaying smaller home ranges, shorter daily path length, and much higher reutilization of sleeping sites than natural groups. This study highlights the dietary and behavioral flexibility of Barbary macaques living in human‐altered environments. Their patterns of space use suggest a reduction in energy expenditure in the disturbed groups due to the inclusion of cultivated food items in their diet possibly leading to increased foraging efficiency. However, the high rates of anthropogenic encounters, including aggressive ones, are likely stressful and may potentially induce extra energy costs and lead to macaque injuries. This could result in demographic costs for crop‐foraging groups, threatening the conservation of this endangered species.
Distinct Patterns of Hippocampal Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease with Transactive Response DNA‐binding Protein 43
Authors: Minogue Grace , Kawles Allegra , Zouridakis Antonia , Keszycki Rachel , Macomber Alyssa , Lubbat Vivienne , Gill Nathan , Mao Qinwen , Flanagan Margaret E. , Zhang Hui , Castellani Rudolph , Bigio Eileen H. , Mesulam M.‐Marsel , Geula Changiz , Gefen Tamar 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveAge‐related dementia syndromes are often not related to a single pathophysiological process, leading to multiple neuropathologies found at autopsy. An amnestic dementia syndrome can be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with comorbid transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) pathology (AD/TDP). Here, we investigated neuronal integrity and pathological burden of TDP‐43 and tau, along the well‐charted trisynaptic hippocampal circuit (dentate gyrus [DG], CA3, and CA1) in participants with amnestic dementia due to AD/TDP, amnestic dementia due to AD alone, or non‐amnestic dementia due to TDP‐43 proteinopathy associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD‐TDP).MethodsA total of 48 extensively characterized cases (14 AD, 16 AD/TDP, 18 FTLD‐TDP) were analyzed using digital HALO software (Indica Labs, Albuquerque, NM, USA) to quantify pathological burden and neuronal loss.ResultsIn AD/TDP and FTLD‐TDP, TDP‐43 immunoreactivity was greatest in the DG. Tau immunoreactivity was significantly greater in DG and CA3 in AD/TDP compared with pure AD. All clinical groups showed the highest amounts of neurons in DG, followed by CA3, then CA1. The AD and AD/TDP groups showed lower neuronal counts compared with the FTLD‐TDP group across all hippocampal subregions consistent with the salience of the amnestic phenotype.InterpretationWe conclude that AD/TDP can be distinguished from AD and FTLD‐TDP based on differential regional distributions of hippocampal tau and TDP‐43. Findings suggest that tau aggregation in AD/TDP might be enhanced by TDP‐43. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1036–1047