bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation by Intermediation: The Contestation of Agro‐Food Capital in the South African Maize Industry
Authors: Bowman Andrew , Robb Nishal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe power of agro‐food capital is frequently highlighted, but its internal dynamics are under‐researched. This paper contributes to the understanding of agro‐food capital in agrarian political economy through an analysis of milling and storage activities that intermediate grain production and consumption in South Africa. The paper shows that these activities can provide important sources of income and optionality supporting diverse accumulation strategies by a range of big business interests. Our analysis highlights that agro‐food capital may not always be a coherent set of interests that is distinct from, and acts upon, other fractions of capital in the agrarian political economy. Instead, it may come to be a contested space, used to support differing accumulation strategies pursued by actors with varying interests. Such contestation may produce complex amalgamations of agricultural, industrial, financial and trading capital and contribute to variegation in trajectories of agrarian change.
Migrant parents' perceptions of the benefits, barriers, and facilitators of young children's physical activity and sedentary behavior: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Paudel Susan , Marshall Sarah , Veitch Jenny , Paudel Chahana , Hesketh Kylie D. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryIntroductionDespite increasing global migration, children from migrant backgrounds are underrepresented in physical activity research. This systematic review aimed to consolidate existing qualitative evidence on parental perceptions of the benefits, barriers, and facilitators of promoting physical activity and limiting sedentary behavior of their first‐ or second‐generation migrant children aged 0–6 years.MethodsSix electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Global, and Health EMBASE) were searched for qualitative peer‐reviewed English language studies using terms covering migrants, parents, perceptions, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Analysis was guided by the best‐fit framework synthesis approach and the socio‐ecological model.ResultsDatabase searches yielded 6059 unique records, with 33 studies included in this review. Key parent perceived benefits of physical activity were better health outcomes, development, and long‐term outcomes and perceived benefits of sedentary behavior were education, health and development, and a parenting tool to keep children calm and occupied. Eight themes (25 sub‐themes) across four levels of the socio‐ecological model (primarily interpersonal and community level) were identified as barriers and facilitators of physical activity. Seven themes (14 sub‐themes: primarily interpersonal) were identified for sedentary behavior.ConclusionParents from migrant backgrounds perceived that their young children experienced some unique barriers to physical activity and sedentary behavior.
Augmented Reality Navigation System Enhances the Accuracy of Spinal Surgery Pedicle Screw Placement: A Randomized, Multicenter, Parallel‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ma Yichao , Wu Jiangpeng , Dong Yanlong , Tang Hongmei , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe pedicle screw insertion technique has evolved significantly, and despite the challenges of precise placement, advancements like AR‐based surgical navigation systems now offer enhanced accuracy and safety in spinal surgery by integrating real‐time, high‐resolution imaging with virtual models to aid surgeons. This study aims to evaluate the differences in accuracy between novel AR‐guided pedicle screw insertion and conventional surgery techniques.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted from March 2019 to December 2023 to compare the efficacy of AR‐guided pedicle screw fixation with conventional freehand surgery using CT guidance. The study included 150 patients, aged 18–75, with 75 patients in each group. The total number of pedicle screws planned for the clinical trial placement was 351 and 348 in the experimental and control groups. The safety and efficacy of the procedures were evaluated by assessing screw placement accuracy and complication rates.ResultsIn the full analysis set (FAS) analysis, the difference in the excellent and good rates of screw placement (experimental group − control group) and 95% confidence interval was 6.3% [3.0%–9.8%], with a p value of 0.0003 for the superiority test. In the FAS sensitivity analysis, the success rate was 98.0% (344 out of 351) in the experimental group and 91.7% (319 out of 348) in the control group, with a difference and 95% confidence interval of 6.3% [2.9% and 9.8%, respectively]. In the per‐protocol set (PPS) analysis, the difference in the excellent and good rates of screw placement between the experimental and control groups, and the 95% confidence interval was 6.4% [3.3%–9.5%], with a p value of 0.0001 for the superiority test. In the actual treatment set (ATS) analysis, the excellent and good rates of screw placement were 99.1% in the experimental group and 91.7% in the control group. The difference in the excellent and good rates of screw placement (experimental group − control group) and 95% confidence interval was 7.3% [4.1%–10.6%], with a p value of < 0.0001 for the superiority test.ConclusionsThe AR surgical navigation system can improve the accuracy of pedicle screw implantation and provide precise guidance for surgeons during pedicle screw insertion.
Robot‐Assisted Positioning for Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Xu Fei , Li Zhuofu , Sun Chuiguo , Zhong Woquan , Wang Chengxia , Li Weishi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveDuring percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID), a range of technologies including medical robotics, visual navigation, and spatial registration have been proposed to expand the application scope and success rate of minimally invasive surgery. The use of robotic technology in surgery is conducive to improving accuracy and reducing risk. This study aims to introduce a precise and efficient targeting method tailored for robot‐assisted positioning under C‐arm fluoroscopy inPEID.MethodsThis study conducted a retrospective analysis of 107 patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 (average age: 43.3 ± 13.3 years; 61 males and 43 females). The method entails constructing a specialized end‐effector capable of simultaneous fluoroscopy calibration and robot‐to‐image‐space registration. The average time of the surgical procedure and the average number of fluoroscopy exposures were collected. Preoperative and postoperative follow‐up data were collected, including assessment scores from the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Paired t‐tests were employed to compare differences in each clinical outcome between the preoperative and follow‐up time.ResultsThese techniques effectively reduce both radiation exposure and operation time. Clinical data reveals that the average time for robot‐assisted positioning stands at 2.5 ± 0.7 min, with anteroposterior and lateral radiographs demonstrating accuracies of 2.4 ± 2.8 mm and 3.1 ± 3.7 mm, respectively, during robot‐assisted positioning. Postoperative VAS scores for back pain and leg pain were significantly lower than preoperative scores (1.2 ± 1.8 vs. 4.1 ± 2.3, 0.9 ± 2.0 vs. 5.9 ± 1.8; p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Postoperative JOA scores were significantly higher than preoperative scores (26.1 ± 3.5 vs. 14.5 ± 4.9; p < 0.05).ConclusionsThrough the evaluation of the system in robot‐assisted positioning during PEID, this study substantiates the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method in clinical applications.
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated With Pembrolizumab in a Patient With Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Authors: Do Ngan , Smith Robert J. , Choi Sara , Queenan Maria , Larijani Mary 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA 5‐year‐old male with xeroderma pigmentosum from Honduras presented with a rapidly growing mass on the left post‐auricular neck, associated with left‐sided hearing loss. MRI revealed a large mass with invasion of the external auditory canal, temporal bone, and metastasis to lymph nodes. Biopsy confirmed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Given the extensive spread, the patient was started on pembrolizumab, resulting in dramatic clinical and radiographic improvement after four rounds of therapy over 3 months, without associated side effects such as diarrhea, fever, dermatitis, or joint pain. This case demonstrates the effectiveness and tolerability of pembrolizumab in young pediatric patients with metastatic SCC, highlighting its potential as a life‐saving treatment for xeroderma pigmentosum patients.
Impact of Heat and Mitigation Strategies on Healthcare Professionals: A Scoping Review
Authors: Freire Kate , Green Elyce , Kernaghan Latitia , Castelletto Kathryn , Schubert Julie Ann 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRising global temperatures and increased use of personal protective equipment has led to increased risk of heat stress amongst healthcare professionals. This review synthesizes recent research on the impact of heat and heat mitigation strategies on healthcare professionals across disciplines and settings.MethodDatabases were systematically searched using keywords and data from included studies were extracted for content analysis.ResultsAmong 15 eligible studies, 13 investigated the impact of heat stress on healthcare professionals. Six investigated mitigation strategies. Most studies utilized survey methodology and were related to the use of personal protective equipment during the recent pandemic. Large proportions of healthcare professionals reported high levels of thermal discomfort and preferred a cooler temperature in the workplace. The most commonly reported heat strain symptoms included sweating, fatigue, thirst, and poor or reduced concentration. Investigation of mitigation strategies has thus far focused on individual strategies with little insights gained into organizational support or heat policy.ConclusionsSupporting healthcare professionals to manage the impact of heat stress has received little attention in the literature. Mitigation strategies have thus far focused predominantly upon individual strategies. Future studies should adopt a more comprehensive approach to investigating healthcare professional's experiences, investigating all levels of controls.
Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations of Kallmann Syndrome: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Soares João Miguel Alves Lauria , Sousa‐Neto Sebastião Silvério , Lima Cleiton Rone dos Santos , Drumond Victor Zanetti , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Sampaio Gerhilde Callou 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsKallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and varied clinical features. Despite its recognition, the oral and maxillofacial manifestations remain poorly understood. This study synthesized clinical aspects and management of KS‐related oral and maxillofacial alterations.MethodsSearches were conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and LILACS databases, supplemented by manual scrutiny and gray literature. Case series and/or case reports were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was employed for critical appraisal of the studies.ResultsA total of 46 studies comprising 108 cases were included. The mean age of individuals was 19.8 (±12.6) years, and there was a marked predominance of males (79.3%). Cleft lip/palate (32.7%) was the predominant oral condition, followed by high‐arched palate (21.7%), and dental agenesis (19.8%). Oral treatment consisted of corrective surgery of the cleft lip and/or palate (n = 9), myoplasty (n = 1), and tooth extraction/orthodontic treatment (n = 1). Hyposmia/anosmia (71.3%) was the most frequently reported manifestation.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for addressing the complex nature of KS‐related oral and maxillofacial alterations and improving patient outcomes. The scarcity of data on oral treatment underscores the need for additional research and clinical attention in this field.
Discrete Symmetry Analysis of Free Convection in a Cylindrical Porous Annular Microchannel at Low-Pressure Level
Authors: Avramenko Andriy A. , Shevchuk Igor V. , Kobzar Andrii S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article studies the natural convection in an annular porous microchannel in case of one wall being heated and another being cooled. For the first time, such a problem was solved using discrete symmetries of the Navier–Stokes equations. Using discrete symmetries, self-similar forms of differential equations were obtained. Solutions of self-similar equations made it possible to obtain velocity and temperature profiles incorporating slip and temperature jump at the channel walls as boundary conditions. The effects of Grashof, Knudsen, Darcy, and Prandtl numbers on the velocity and temperature profiles in the microchannel and Nusselt numbers are demonstrated. At high Grashof numbers, an ascending flow forms near the hot cylinder, while a descending flow develops near the cold cylinder. As the Knudsen number increases, rise of velocity and temperature jump at the walls as well as heat transfer coefficients decrease is observed. An increase in the Darcy number results in higher velocities for both flows. The temperature jump at the heated cylinder increases, remaining unchanged at the cooled cylinder, and the heat transfer coefficient at the heated cylinder drops.
New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Omadacycline for community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and nontuberculous mycobacteria (focus on
M. abscessus
)
Authors: File Thomas M. , Ramirez Julio A. , Wilde Ashley M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Omadacycline is a novel antimicrobial belonging to the tetracycline class. It has the ability to evade both efflux and ribosomal methylation types of resistance and therefore has an expanded spectrum compared to other tetracycline agents. Omadacycline is active against a number of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including macrolide and doxycycline-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and several enteric gram-negative bacilli. It also has activity against many nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species. It is available both orally and intravenously, which allows for feasible switch therapy. This review will assess the antimicrobial activity, pharmacology, safety, and clinical efficacy of omadacycline and present the opinions of the authors on where to position omadacycline for clinical practice.
Evidence of dissemination of a
clc
-type integrative and conjugative element to
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
, mediating acquisition of
sul1
and other resistance determinants
Authors: Boncompagni Selene Rebecca , Riccobono Eleonora , Cusi Maria Grazia , Di Pilato Vincenzo , Rossolini Gian Maria 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

A
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
strain positive for the
bla
VIM-1
metallo-beta-lactamase gene and resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was unexpectedly isolated from a surveillance rectal swab. The characterization of the strain revealed carriage of a 91 kb integrative and conjugative element (ICE) harboring several resistance determinants [
sul1
,
bla
VIM-1
,
aac(6')-Ib
,
aac(6')-31
,
qacE
∆
1
,
cld
, and
merEDAPTR
], closely related with a group of
clc
-type ICEs widespread among
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and other pseudomonads. Results highlighted the possible spreading of similar elements to
S. maltophilia
, mediating the acquisition of relevant resistances.
Screening a library of temperature-sensitive mutants to identify secretion factors in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Leddy Owen , Ibrahim Amany M. , Azam Muhammad S. , Solomon Sadie , Yu Wenqi , Schneewind Olaf , Missiakas Dominique 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Protein secretion is an essential cell process in bacteria, required for cell envelope biogenesis, export of virulence factors, and acquisition of nutrients, among other important functions. In the Sec secretion pathway, signal peptide-bearing precursors are recognized by the SecA ATPase and pushed across the membrane through a translocon channel made of the proteins SecY, SecE, and SecG. The Sec pathway has been extensively studied in the model organism
Escherichia coli
, but the Sec pathways of other bacteria such as the human pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
differ in important ways from this model. Unlike in
E. coli
, a subset of precursors in
S. aureus
contains a YSIRK/GXXS (YSIRK) motif in an extended signal peptide. These proteins are secreted into the cross-wall compartment bounded by invaginating septal membranes during cell division. To gain insights into the factor(s) and mechanism(s) enabling protein secretion and spatial specificity in
S. aureus
, we isolated and screened a collection of temperature-sensitive (
ts
) mutants. These efforts identified at least one
secA(ts
) allele as well as mutations in the
secG
and
pepV
genes. A SecA pull-down experiment identified SecDF, all ribosomal proteins, several chaperones and proteases, as well as PepV, validating the genetic screen in identifying candidate cofactors of SecA in
S. aureus
.

IMPORTANCE

All organisms use the Sec pathway for protein secretion, and key components of this pathway are essential for viability. The discovery of conditional loss-of-function mutants played an important role in defining the genetic basis of protein secretion in model organisms. In turn, the identification of Sec components facilitated mechanistic studies and revealed general rules for protein secretion but did not answer species-specific intricacies. Gram-positive bacteria, such as
Staphylococcus aureus
, restrict the secretion of some proteins into the septal membranes that bind their division site at mid-cell. Here, we screen a library of conditional temperature-sensitive mutants to define components of the Sec pathway of
S. aureus
and factors that may regulate its activity.
Vaccinia growth factor-dependent modulation of the mTORC1-CAD axis upon nutrient restriction
Authors: Dsouza Lara , Pant Anil , Pope Blake , Yang Zhilong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The molecular mechanisms by which vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypical member of the poxviridae family, reprograms host cell metabolism remain largely unexplored. Additionally, cells sense and respond to fluctuating nutrient availability, thereby modulating metabolic pathways to ensure cellular homeostasis. Understanding how VACV modulates metabolic pathways in response to nutrient signals is crucial for understanding viral replication mechanisms, with the potential for developing antiviral therapies. In this study, we establish the importance of
de novo
pyrimidine synthesis during VACV infection. We report the significance of vaccinia growth factor (VGF), a viral early protein and a homolog of cellular epidermal growth factor (EGF), in enabling VACV to phosphorylate the key enzyme CAD of the
de novo
pyrimidine pathway at serine 1859, a site known to positively regulate CAD activity. Although nutrient-poor conditions typically inhibit mTORC1 activation, VACV activates CAD via the mTORC1-S6K1 signaling axis in a VGF-dependent manner, especially upon glutamine and asparagine limitation. However, unlike its cellular homolog EGF, the VGF peptide alone, in the absence of VACV infection, has minimal ability to activate CAD. This suggests the involvement of other viral factors yet to be identified. Our research provides a foundation for understanding the regulation of a significant metabolic pathway,
de novo
pyrimidine synthesis during VACV infection, shedding new light on viral regulation under distinct nutritional environments. This study not only has the potential to contribute to the advancement of antiviral treatments but also improve the development of VACV as an oncolytic agent and vaccine vector.

IMPORTANCE

Viruses often reprogram host cell metabolism to facilitate replication. How poxviruses, such as the prototype member, vaccinia virus (VACV), modulate host cell metabolism is not well understood. Understanding how VACV affects these metabolic pathways is key to learning about viral replication and developing antiviral treatments. This study highlights the importance of
de novo
pyrimidine synthesis during VACV infection. We found that the vaccinia growth factor (VGF), a viral protein similar to the cellular epidermal growth factor (EGF), helps VACV activate the enzyme CAD of the
de novo
pyrimidine pathway. Upon nutrient limitation, VGF is needed for the activation of CAD through mTORC1-S6K signaling. VGF peptide alone is unable to activate this pathway independent of infection, suggesting the involvement of other viral factor(s). Our research not only sheds light on how VACV regulates metabolism but also holds promise for improving VACV as a cancer treatment and vaccine.
Completely conserved VP2 residue K140 of KREMEN1-dependent enteroviruses is critical for virus-receptor interactions and viral infection
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Li Xue , Li Xiaohong , Yan Xingyu , Tian Yuan , Zhao Yue , Liu Kexin , Hao Pei , Zhang Shuye , Zhang Chao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The KREMEN1 (KRM1) protein is a cellular receptor for multiple enteroviruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), including coxsackievirus CVA2, CVA3, CVA4, CVA5, CVA6, CVA10, and CVA12. The molecular basis for the broad recognition of these viruses by the KRM1 receptor remains unclear. Here, we report the indispensable role of the completely conserved VP2 capsid protein residue K140 (designated K2140) in mediating receptor recognition and infection by CVA10 and other KRM1-dependent enteroviruses. Residue K2140 not only facilitates receptor recognition, cell attachment, and infection of CVA10 but also contributes to CVA10 pathogenicity
in vivo
. Notably, residue K2140 is completely conserved in all strains of the KRM1-dependent enteroviruses. Mutational analysis confirms the importance of K2140 for infection by CVA2–CVA6, and CVA12. Moreover, CVA8, an enterovirus for which the cellular receptor has not yet been identified, also possesses the conserved K2140 residue. We experimentally demonstrate that CVA8 utilizes KRM1 as its receptor, with K2140 being essential for viral infection. Additionally, residue D90 of KRM1 engages with residue K2140 and plays a crucial role in KRM1-mediated enterovirus infections. Collectively, our findings underscore the significance of the absolutely conserved K2140 residue in receptor interactions and infection of all KRM1-binding enteroviruses, providing novel insights into the molecular basis of enterovirus infection and informing the development of broad-spectrum therapies against HFMD.

IMPORTANCE

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) annually affects millions of children worldwide. HFMD is caused by various enteroviruses, such as coxsackieviruses CVA6, CVA16, CVA10, and enterovirus 71 (EV-A71). Licensed inactivated EV-A71 vaccines do not provide cross-protection against other enteroviruses. There are no drugs specifically for HFMD. KREMEN1 (KRM1) serves as the cellular receptor for many HFMD-related enteroviruses, including CVA2–CVA6, CVA10, and CVA12. However, the molecular basis for broad recognition of these enteroviruses by the KRM1 receptor remains elusive. Here, we report that VP2 residue K140 (K2140) is completely conserved among all KRM1-dependent enteroviruses and is essential for virus-receptor binding and viral infection by interacting with residue D90 of KRM1. Overall, our findings provide a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of KRM1-dependent enterovirus infection
in vitro
and
in vivo
and may contribute to the development of broad-spectrum anti-enterovirus vaccines and treatments.