bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsea Inspections with New Models of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV): Deployment Modes, Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Britto Antonio J.P.R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The proposed paper aims to present an analysis considering the use of new technologies of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), considering its use to carry out subsea inspections on Subsea Production System (SPS), addressing possible launch and recovery methods, listing advantages and disadvantages of using this technology.
The analysis is based on evaluation of new developments of AUV, considering that it will present hovering capabilities, like what is presented by typical Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), and additional functionalities that will improve the integrity management of the SPS. In this context, there is a range of possibilities for the use of these new technologies of AUV. The main scenarios of use will be detailed, as well as its advantages and disadvantages characterized.
By analyzing the main possibilities of using new technologies of AUV, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using it, will be possible to state that there is a plenty room to significantly improve the integrity management of the SPS. The way that these new models of AUV can be applied will enable the Oil and Gas industry to achieve a higher level of integrity management of the SPS, also having a significant reduction on Operational Cost (OPEX), increase of personnel safety and reducing of greenhouse gas emissions.
Multiphase Flowmeter Comparison in Complex Field
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammed , Baghdadi Faical , Wenrong Mei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Well testing is one of the most vital data obtained, which provides numerous information that is related to the well's performance. It is also important to acquire an accurate rate test for reliable allocation and production planning. This paper's objective is to analyze and compare the accuracy of two different types of multiphase flowmeter (MPFM) against a conventional portable test separator. These two types of MPFMs are from two different vendors and each has its own mechanism.
A portable testing campaign was initiated with the intention of comparing the MPFMs’ phase rates against those of the separator. The portable testing unit (PTU) was connected downstream to the MPFMs, which were visited pre-campaign by their respective vendors and the required calibration was conducted.
A total of 41 wells from various reservoirs and production conditions was evaluated with multirate tests. Overall, the results showed a considerable difference between the phase rates of the traditional test separator and those of the MPFMs regardless of the type where both MPFMs did not meet the minimum requirement of having an acceptable error percentage and only nearly 50% of the tests were within an error range of 10%. One MPFM marginally outperformed the accuracy of the other one.
Two problematic regions with high discrepancy between the two metering types were identified either under low-liquid rates or high gas-volume fraction (GVF). Some identified causes will be discussed, which can be of high use by operators who are willing to conduct such comparisons.
Boosting To Boosting: A New Approach To Enhance, Support And Maximize Subsea Processing And Boosting Applications
Authors: Roberto Marcello Augustus Ramos , E Silva Jean Carlos Dias , Koelln Herbert Prince , Bernardes Alan Carlos , Albuquerque Fabio Alves , Paternost Guilherme Miranda , De Oliveira Ana Margarida , Xavier Gilberto Magalhães , Da Silva Jurandir Antônio Gomes , Da Costa Otavio Cardoso 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Over the last 20 years subsea processing and boosting (P&B) technologies have supported and pushed forward the offshore oil and gas production, maximizing field production and recovery factor. Although those technologies achieved remarkable success, P&B is still not a heavy-weight business, despite Operators considering it adds great value. Therefore, to enhance and maximize P&B applications, a task force was created to identify the main hurdles, showstoppers and barriers, as well as to establish a robust process, methods and procedures related, including O&G Operators and Suppliers point of views, internal standards and international codes analysis.
Afterwards, a critical analysis was made, more than ten initiatives were prioritized, and a Program named Bosting to Boosting (B2B) was structured.
This paper will present all initiatives have been carried out in B2B and the main results for subsea projects.
Credibility Assessment of Annular Casing Cement for P&A Campaigns: A Case Study in Campos Basin Offshore Brazil
Authors: Moreira Rafael Peralta , Piedade Thiago da Silva , De Matos Marcelo Victor Tomaz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The assessment of annulus cement barriers is critical in well Plug and Abandonment (P&A) planning and execution. For wells with 10 to 30+ producing years, the data from well construction may be unavailable, incomplete, or not fully compliant with current industry good cementing practices. This case study presents a methodology for assessing qualification and credibility of annular hydraulic isolation, highlighting the challenges involved in the process.
The engineering workflow starts by data mining from well construction regarding casing and cementing operations, drilling fluids, pumping schedule, wiper plugs events, casing centralization, washer, spacer, and cement slurry design in addition to anomalous events occurred. A mapping of the cement quality is then performed in representative wells which have availability of data with uniform criteria to establish key performance metrics. Finally, a novel statistical imputation methodology is then performed to overcome missing data followed by modeling and simulations, and a credibility analysis resulting in the qualification degree of the annulus cement – qualified permanent barrier, unqualified or failed.
The methodology was applied for subsea wells in P&A campaigns in Campos Basin offshore Brazil, by using this credibility & criticality assessment in the B-annulus hydraulic isolation as an input for the P&A design and resulted in increased applicability of Through Tubing scope - without the necessity to remove the production tubing – and eliminated the need of additional evaluation of the production casing cement through logging tools or pressure testing. Consequently, a 5-day average reduction in P&A intervention was obtained. The analysis showed that the cementing strategies performed in well construction dates, despite different from current practices, provide sufficient cement quality in many scenarios. The studies conducted also show the correlation between cement evaluation logs and modeling of existing cement jobs with data imputation techniques to compensate for missing data in cement-job data.
New methodologies and technologies for the assessment of annular isolation in wells to be plugged and abandoned are of relevant interest for the industry and taking in consideration the uncertainties and field experience into the qualification process of existing barriers is a challenge. This paper provides insight on how uncertainty levels may be reduced to still provide quantitative results and allow the selection of an optimized P&A design.
Utilizing Real-Time Downhole Data for Optimizing Completions in Tight Margin Deep Water Wells
Authors: Hawthorn Andy , Groves Duncan , Broussard Grant 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Infrastructure costs in the deep-water environment are expensive. There is therefore, both from a cost perspective, but also increasingly from an environmental perspective, an increased drive toward deriving more production from existing infrastructure. One example of this is going after additional reservoirs from the same platforms that may have initially been bypassed. This includes reservoirs that may have been technically challenging, or at the time considered uncompletable. To constrain uncertaintites in pre well construction models requiresrequire good data, from the right place, at the right time. Up until recently during well completion operations this has not been available in real-time from downhole. If we look at the world of drilling, then this has been revolutionized in the last 30 years by access to real-time downhole data. Far more complex wells are drilled, in increasingly complicated downhole conditions and geosteered through the reservoir sections utilizing real-time downhole data. Almost all other well construction activities have, to a certain extent, been operated using only surface data and models about what is happening downhole.
In this paper we will look at technology that has been recently introduced that allows access to real-time downhole data by transmitting acoustic signals through the wall of regular drillpipe. This means that downhole and along string measurements of pressures, temperatures, weights and torque are now available to aid in decision making and to drive the efficiency of operations. This data driven approach to well completions will show through real examples how an operator moved from wells that were once considered uncompleteable, through initially stand-alone screens and then onto gravel packing the same reservoirs. Thereby improving both the initial production rates and delaying the time to intervention.
This paper will further show how a gradual implementation of technology across a sequence of wells allowed for wellsite and onshore personnel to become familiar with and understand the limitations, and or benefits, of combining various technologies to meet the demands of the field. Technology implementation has often failed due to ingrained processes and personnel unfamiliar with the technology continuing to operate in the same way as previous. The technology is very important but we should not neglect the difficulties of implementing technology and allowing people to accept it's use.
Damaged Control Line Solution to Sustain Functional Downhole Safety Valve and Avoid Completions Recovery
Authors: Negi Rohit Singh , Maclurg Michael John , Russell Nicholas Draper , George Joel Bejoy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An Oil & Gas company experienced an issue with communication to the Sub surface safety valve (SSSV). To address this issue, a unique solution was developed to avoid the need for a workover and restored surface communication with the SSSV.
One of the offshore wells in United Arab Emirates developed a blockage in the Control Line (CL), leading to an inoperational SSSV. As a result, it became necessary to close the well. This situation would normally continue until a completion workover could be scheduled.
An alternative solution was implemented in this well and restored production through the SSSV without the need to perform a workover.
After collecting data such as wellhead details, SSSV profile, and production history, a custom Safety Valve communication system was designed and installed. The Lower Master Valve was modified to allow an in-tubing control-line communication, which in turn located the retrofit SSSV. The old CL was also isolated as part of this operation.
Over two stages of operation, the wellhead modification was performed and the installation of a replacement surface controlled SSSV, wet connect, CL, and CL hanger was completed. The system was then tested successfully prior to handing the well back to production.
The installation of this system saved the cost of rig mobilization and completion recovery as a barge was utilized to install this system as opposed to a workover rig with all the associated additional resource and costs. Supported by flow modeling prior to design and installation, the installed system maintains its integrity while the well is producing at normally expected flow rates. This is a retrofit solution that can be engineered to suit any well with various combination of wellheads and downhole completion accessories. The system follows oilfield standards as required for a safety-valve barrier. It can be used to extend the production duration of the mature wells before an expensive workover operation becomes necessary. The type of wellhead penetration used does not affect the functionality of the existing wellhead valves.
Installation of this system saved the cost for a workover rig, replacement completion equipment, and brought a previously shut-in well into production. This system provides a significantly safer alternative compared to the restrictive storm-choke devices and ultimately brings the well back online, while adhering to industry standard definitions for surface-controlled SSSVs.
Key Takeaways from Integrated Production Modelling of an Indian Offshore Field Entirely Operating On Electric Submersible Pumps
Authors: Devshali Sagun , Nischal Rajiv , Prasad BVRV , Yadav M , Vamsi Paipuri , Uniyal Rishabh , Kumar Manish 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Field Alpha is situated about 200 km West of Mumbai city in a Deep Continental Shelf at the water depth of 85 - 90 m. The existing facilities consists of 5 Well Head Platforms (WHP) connected to FPSO through a subsea PLEM and riser system. A total of 36 wells from 5 well head platforms in the field are producing 61348 blpd with an average water cut of 68%. All these 36 wells are producing through Electric Submersible Pump which is one of the most effective and economical means of lifting large volumes of liquid. The current paper is an attempt to address various issues pertaining to Electrical Submersible Pumps in the offshore field using well wise Nodal Analysis and Integrated Production Modelling.
In the field under study, as the production volumes per well are high, failure of even one ESP leads to substantial production loss till the system is replaced by work over operation. Failure in the ESP system generally occurs due to one or a combination of issues related to reservoir inflow, fluid properties, design, completion, electrical components and experience of manpower. On the basis of system analysis, requisite optimization/ intervention measures proposed to improve performance of ESPs along with network debottlenecking results have been discussed in the paper.
As per the analysis, scope exists in 7 wells for production enhancement. The envisaged incremental production from these wells has been found to be 1653 blpd considering current reservoir pressure and water cut. In 7 wells, ESPs have been found to be operating either in upthrust or are tending towards upthrust. These wells have potential to produce more but due to limitations of the existing pump capacities, the maximum drawdown is restricted. In 6 wells, ESPs have been found to be operating in downthrust. These wells have separately been assessed for wellbore performance.
Additionally, Integrated Production Modelling indicated that the node pressure at each Well Head Platform are within the ESP design pressure limits. On the basis of the study, few of the recommended measures have already been implemented in the field and have resulted in a liquid gain of 335 blpd (139 bopd).
The Role of Professional Societies to Build a More Inclusive Energy Sector
Authors: Zarate Luz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To this day, the energy sector is still male-dominated. Based on the data collected as part of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) LinkEED project, in some regions, the gender gap is twice as large as that seen in non-energy sectors; wages perceived by women can be about 20% below men (taking into consideration factors such as education and experience) and the wage gap increases with age for the energy sector and is higher for high-skilled professionals. As a result, women are more likely to leave the energy sector – at all ages. The energy sector is changing as we transition to clean energies. Policymakers are promoting benefits around childcare and eldercare that could encourage more women to remain in the workforce, yet there is much work to do. Professional societies play a crucial role in providing women with opportunities to grow their careers – from outreach to networking opportunities for experienced professionals – the mechanism to provide a support system is there. In this paper, we will discuss the work that the Society for Underwater Technology (US branch, SUT-US) is doing to champion, retain and promote women in energy through its Women in Industry task force (SUT-WiND). For SUT-WiND, it has been clear that having men in the conversation is imperative to achieve more remarkable progress toward inclusivity. Through a series of quarterly events on thought-provocking topics.
CD4 Effector TCR Avidity for Peptide on APC Determines the Level of Memory Generated
Authors: Jones Michael C , Castonguay Catherine , Nanaware Padma P , Weaver Grant C , Stadinski Brian , Kugler-Umana Olivia A , Huseby Eric S , Stern Lawrence J , McKinstry Karl Kai , Strutt Tara M , Devarajan Priyadharshini , Swain Susan L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Initial TCR affinity for peptide Ag is known to impact the generation of memory; however, its contributions later, when effectors must again recognize Ag at 5–8 d postinfection to become memory, is unclear. We examined whether the effector TCR affinity for peptide at this “effector checkpoint” dictates the extent of memory and degree of protection against rechallenge. We made an influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP)-specific TCR transgenic mouse strain, FluNP, and generated NP-peptide variants that are presented by MHC class II to bind to the FluNP TCR over a broad range of avidity. To evaluate the impact of avidity in vivo, we primed naive donor FluNP in influenza A virus–infected host mice, purified donor effectors at the checkpoint, and cotransferred them with the range of peptides pulsed on activated APCs into second uninfected hosts. Higher-avidity peptides yielded higher numbers of FluNP memory cells in spleen and most dramatically in lung and draining lymph nodes and induced better protection against lethal influenza infection. Avidity determined memory cell number, not cytokine profile, and already impacted donor cell number within several days of transfer. We previously found that autocrine IL-2 production at the checkpoint prevents default effector apoptosis and supports memory formation. Here, we find that peptide avidity determines the level of IL-2 produced by these effectors and that IL-2Rα expression by the APCs enhances memory formation, suggesting that transpresentation of IL-2 by APCs further amplifies IL-2 availability. Secondary memory generation was also avidity dependent. We propose that this regulatory pathway selects CD4 effectors of highest affinity to progress to memory.
Human CCR6+ Th Cells Show Both an Extended Stable Gradient of Th17 Activity and Imprinted Plasticity
Authors: Singh Satya P , Parween Farhat , Edara Nithin , Zhang Hongwei H , Chen Jinguo , Otaizo-Carrasquero Francisco , Cheng Debby , Oppenheim Nicole A , Ransier Amy , Zhu Wenjun , Shamsaddini Amirhossein , Gardina Paul J , Darko Samuel W , Singh Tej Pratap , Douek Daniel C , Myers Timothy G , Farber Joshua M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Th17 cells have been investigated in mice primarily for their contributions to autoimmune diseases. However, the pathways of differentiation of Th17 and related Th cells (type 17 cells) and the structure of the type 17 memory population in humans are not well understood; such understanding is critical for manipulating these cells in vivo. By exploiting differences in levels of surface CCR6, we found that human type 17 memory cells, including individual T cell clonotypes, form an elongated continuum of type 17 character along which cells can be driven by increasing RORγt. This continuum includes cells preserved within the memory pool with potentials that reflect the early preferential activation of multiple over single lineages. The phenotypes and epigenomes of CCR6+ cells are stable across cell divisions under noninflammatory conditions. Nonetheless, activation in polarizing and nonpolarizing conditions can yield additional functionalities, revealing, respectively, both environmentally induced and imprinted mechanisms that contribute differentially across the type 17 continuum to yield the unusual plasticity ascribed to type 17 cells.
Study of Socio-economic, Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Alcohol Withdrawal and Delirium Tremens in Patients of Alcohol Dependence in Indian Population
Authors: Nagda Parth , Harshe Devavrat , Halder Ankit , Ravindran Navna Panchami 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background:
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is associated with morbidity and mortality. Assessment of factors affecting AWS will help in early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment, hence improving the prognosis.

Aim:
The present study was conceived and planned to assess the socioeconomic, biochemical, and clinical predictors of alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens with alcohol dependence patients in the Indian population. Study Design: Longitudinal study.

Methodology:
The study includes 100 patients admitted for alcohol withdrawal. Participants were assessed for detailed history, physical and mental state examination, CAGE scale (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener), AUDIT scale (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), PAWSS scale (Prediction of Alcohol withdrawal severity Score), MINIPLUS (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) scale and CIWA scale (Clinical Institute withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol) scoring along-with biochemical and hematological investigations. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.

Results:
Mean age of the patients observed was 33.91 years (19-70 years). A significant association between increase of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and total bilirubin levels (P= 0.208); highly significant association between low platelet counts, low potassium levels, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the development of delirium tremens and severity of alcohol withdrawal was observed (P<0.05). CAGE (P<0.014), AUDIT (P<0.001), and CIWA scores has significant association (P<0.001) with development of delirium and PAWSS showed good prediction (P<0.007) with patients having severe alcohol withdrawal.

Conclusion:
Our study recommends that socioeconomic and biochemical factors and predictors can be considered for early diagnosis of severity of alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens.
Assessment of serum interleukin-13 level in vitiligo patients and its correlation to disease severity
Authors: Tawfik Noha Z. , Abd Elhamid Marwa A. , Omar Hanan H. , Gomaa Amal H.A. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Vitiligo is a chronic depigmenting skin disease that has a prevalence of 0.5–2% of the population worldwide. Cytokines have a regulatory role in the immune response and depigmentation process in vitiligo. There is an imbalance of various types of cytokines in vitiligo patients. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a role in many autoimmune diseases.

Objective
To measure the serum level of IL-13 in vitiligo patients and detect its correlation with disease severity.

Patients and methods
This is a case–control study including 20 randomly chosen patients with nonsegmental vitiligo and 20 healthy controls. Vitiligo disease activity score was assessed in all patients. Serum level of IL-13 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
This study revealed that the mean serum level of IL-13 was significantly higher in vitiligo patients, and there was negative correlation between serum level of IL-13 and vitiligo extent score but not statistically significant.

Conclusion
IL-13 might have a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and might play a protective role in the disease. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm the definite role of IL-13 in vitiligo pathogenesis.