bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gate of Mercy as a Contested Monument: Jerusalem’s Sealed Gate as a Muslim Site of Memory
Authors: Sarah Christiane-Marie Abu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
English-language guides to the city of Jerusalem often describe the Golden Gate or Gate of Mercy (Bāb al-Raḥma) as sealed by the Muslims to prevent the return of the Messiah. This narrative, inherited from British colonial-era sources, has no basis in Islamic history or theology. A review of Umayyad, ʿAbbasid, and Fāṭimid-era traditions instead reveals that the Gate of Mercy was a site where Muslims prayed for repentance, envisioned the gardens of paradise, and imagined a Day of Judgment when the Prophets Muḥammad, Moses, and Jesus would stand side-by-side at the throne of God. These descriptions of the gate shifted during the Crusades: encountering a blocked passage, pilgrims attempted to explain the gate’s closure. However, rather than blame any particular religious community for the closure, medieval Muslim, Jewish, and Christian pilgrims described the gate as sealed by heaven on account of its great sanctity. These remained the predominant narratives about the monument until the Ottoman and British empires renewed the Gate of Mercy (and other sites in the Noble Sanctuary/Temple Mount complex) as a battleground for imperial claims-making. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, British travellers wove tales about how Muslims in their ‘childishness’ had sealed the gate to thwart the Messiah, and predicted a Christian conqueror would soon ‘wrest the Holy City from the Moslems’. These Orientalist narratives constructed Jerusalem’s Palestinian community as an impediment to be cleared aside, and silenced shared traditions about the gate. The gate’s history thus reflects how pilgrims, politicians, and other ‘memory activists’ use monuments to manifest preferred pasts and favoured futures. Gates emerge as particularly potent sites where visitors act out personal and political transformations.
Why fake death? Environmental and genetic control of tonic immobility in larval lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Taylor Katherine L , Henry Charles S , Farkas Timothy E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Tonic immobility is a passive antipredator strategy employed late in the predation sequence that may decrease individual mortality in prey animals. Here, we investigate how energetic state and genetic predisposition influence antipredator decision-making in green lacewing larvae, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch), using simulated predatory encounters. We demonstrate that tonic immobility is a plastic response influenced by energetic resource limitation. Larvae exposed to 1 or 2 days of food deprivation initiate tonic immobility more often and with less physical provocation than individuals fed ad libitum. Recently molted individuals exposed to food deprivation, the individuals most energetically challenged, engage in tonic immobility at a higher rate than any other group. We also find that variation in antipredator strategy between individuals is partly the result of within-population genetic variation. We estimate the propensity to enter tonic immobility to have a broad-sense heritability of 0.502. Taken together our results suggest that larval lacewings under energetic stress are more likely to engage in tonic immobility. Yet, energetic state does not explain all within-population variation, as individuals can have a genetic predisposition for tonic immobility.
New Approaches to Robust Inference on Market (Non-)efficiency, Volatility Clustering and Nonlinear Dependence
Authors: Ibragimov Rustam , Pedersen Rasmus Søndergaard , Skrobotov Anton 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present novel, robust methods for inference on market (non-)efficiency, volatility clustering, and nonlinear dependence in financial return series. In contrast to existing methodology, our proposed methods are robust against nonlinear dynamics and tail-heaviness of returns. Specifically, our methods only rely on return processes being stationary and weakly dependent (mixing) with finite moments of a suitable order. This includes robustness against power-law distributions associated with nonlinear dynamic models such as GARCH and stochastic volatility. The methods are easy to implement and perform well in realistic settings. We revisit a recent study by Baltussen, van Bekkum, and Da (2019, J. Financ. Econ., 132, 26–48) on autocorrelation in major stock indexes. Using our robust methods, we document that the evidence of the presence of negative autocorrelation is weaker, compared with the conclusions of the original study.
Validation of Childhood Pneumonia Prognostic Models for Use in Emergency Care Settings
Authors: Antoon James W , Nian Hui , Ampofo Krow , Zhu Yuwei , Sartori Laura F , Johnson Jakobi , Arnold Donald H , Stassun Justine , Pavia Andrew T , Grijalva Carlos G , Williams Derek J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Unwarranted variation in disposition decisions exist among children with pneumonia. We validated three prognostic models for predicting pneumonia severity among children in the emergency department (ED) and hospital.

Methods
We performed a two-center, prospective study of children 6 months to &lt;18 years presenting to the ED with pneumonia from January 2014 to May 2019. We evaluated three previously developed disease-specific prognostic models which use demographic, clinical, and diagnostic predictor variables, with each model estimating risk for Very Severe (mechanical ventilation or shock), Severe (ICU without very severe features), and Moderate/Mild (Hospitalization without severe features or ED discharge) pneumonia. Predictive accuracy was measured using discrimination (concordance or c-statistic) and re-calibration.

Results
There were 1088 children included in one or more of the three models. Median age was 3.6 years and the majority of children were male (53.7%) and identified as non-Hispanic White (63.7%). The distribution for the ordinal severity outcome was mild or moderate (79.1%), severe (15.9%), and very severe (4.9%). The three models each demonstrated excellent discrimination (C-statistic range across models [0.786–0.803]) with no appreciable degradation in predictive accuracy from the derivation cohort.

Conclusions
All three prognostic models accurately identified risk for three clinically meaningful levels of pneumonia severity and demonstrated very good predictive performance. Physiologic variables contributed the most to model prediction. Application of these objective tools may help standardize and improve disposition and other management decisions for children with pneumonia.
Many a Slip between Cup and Lip: Navigating Noncitizenship and School-to-Work Transitions in Kakuma Refugee Camp
Authors: Bellino Michelle J , Oka Rahul , Ortiz-Guerrero Marcela , Mabil Khot Deng , Abdi Ali Adan , Magdalene Arii Awar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article draws from curricular analysis and ethnographic methods in school and community spaces where young people live, learn, and work in Kenya’s Kakuma Refugee Camp. We describe how formal citizenship education intended for Kenyan citizens is mediated by teachers working in refugee-serving schools. Our analysis shows how these messages, often scarce and decontextualized, orient refugees to project an imagined future of stability, obscuring the skills needed to navigate the uncertainty they will encounter as noncitizens enduring protracted exile. Examining refugee youth transitions after completing their schooling, we document ‘slips’ in the gaps between the civic knowledge, skills, and dispositions promoted in schools and those required within a limited opportunity structure dominated by a relief economy. Beyond school, we examine pathways that young refugees charted through apprenticeships within the informal economy, leveraging their social networks, gaining life skills, and enacting civic commitments while honing more sustainable livelihoods in exile. We argue that education’s value cannot be contingent on belonging or citizenship status and suggest that the contextualized nature of practice-based learning entailed through apprenticeships enables young refugees to create community through everyday participation, where social relationships both facilitate civic learning and are an outcome of that learning.
Debiased inference on heterogeneous quantile treatment effects with regression rank scores
Authors: Giessing Alexander , Wang Jingshen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity is vital to many scientific fields because the same treatment may affect different individuals differently. Quantile regression provides a natural framework for modelling such heterogeneity. We propose a new method for inference on heterogeneous quantile treatment effects (HQTE) in the presence of high-dimensional covariates. Our estimator combines an ℓ1-penalised regression adjustment with a quantile-specific bias correction scheme based on rank scores. We study the theoretical properties of this estimator, including weak convergence and semi-parametric efficiency of the estimated HQTE process. We illustrate the finite-sample performance of our approach through simulations and an empirical example, dealing with the differential effect of statin usage for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels for the Alzheimer’s disease patients who participated in the UK Biobank study.
Papillary carcinoma on thyroglossal tract cyst: our attitude toward a rare pathology whose management is often controversial
Authors: Foma Winga , Boko Solim U R , Douhadji Ingrid , Amana Essobiziou , Pegbessou Essobozou P , Amegbor Koffi , Amana Bathokedeou , Boko Essohanam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Malignant degeneration on remnants of the thyroglossal tract is a very rare phenomenon. In our practice setting, we report the management of papillary carcinoma on a thyroglossal tract cyst. This was a 44-year-old female patient with a postoperative diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroglossal tract with an atypical clinical and ultrasound presentation. She subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral recurrent lymph node dissection, with resection of fibrous scar tissue in the previously operated hyoid region. We have discussed our therapeutic attitude to this rare pathology, the management of which is the subject of controversy.
Leaf rolling precedes stomatal closure in rice (Oryza sativa) under drought conditions
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Huang Jianliang , Peng Shaobing , Xiong Dongliang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Leaf rolling is a physiological response to drought that may help to reduce water loss, but its significance as a contribution to drought tolerance is uncertain. We scored the leaf rolling of four rice genotypes along an experimental drought gradient using an improved cryo-microscopy method. Leaf water potential (Ψleaf), gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf hydraulic conductance, rehydration capacity, and the bulk turgor loss point were also analysed. During the drought process, stomatal conductance declined sharply to reduce water loss, and leaves rolled up before the stomata completely closed. The leaf water loss rate of rolled leaves was significantly reduced compared with artificially flattened leaves. The Ψleaf threshold of initial leaf rolling ranged from −1.95 to −1.04 MPa across genotypes. When a leaf rolled so that the leaf edges were touching, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance declined more than 80%. Across genotypes, leaf hydraulic conductance declined first, followed by gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. However, the Ψleaf threshold for a given functional trait decline differed significantly among genotypes, with the exception of leaf hydraulic conductance. Our results suggested that leaf rolling was mechanistically linked to drought avoidance and tolerance traits and might serve as a useful phenotypic trait for rice breeding in future drought scenarios.
Observability of flashes from ejecta crashes in aspherical supernovae, with application to SN 2008D
Authors: Scully Benjamin , Matzner Christopher D , Yalinewich Almog 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
A new class of transient, which has been hypothesized to accompany the explosion of an aspherical compact supernova, would arise when streams of ejecta collide outside the star. However, conditions that favour the prompt release of radiation from the collision, such as a diffuse stellar envelope, disfavour the creation of non-radial ejecta in the first place. To determine whether the collision can both occur and be visible, we simulate aspherical explosions using the HUJI-RICH moving-mesh hydrodynamics code and analyse them in terms of diffusion measures defined for individual fluid elements. While our simulations are highly idealized, they connect to realistic explosions via a single dimensionless parameter. Defining two measures of the importance of diffusivity (two versions of the inverse Péclet number), we find that one varies in a way that indicates colliding ejecta can release a photon flash, while the other does not. Examining the X-ray transient XT 080109 associated with supernova SN 2008D, we find that its fluence and duration are consistent with the properties of an ejecta collision in the aspherical model that is most likely to emit a flash. Our results give tentative evidence for the possibility of collision-induced flashes for a narrow and radius-dependent range of asphericity, and motivate future radiation hydrodynamics simulations.
The impact of ultra-processed foods on obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Petridi Evgenia , Karatzi Kalliopi , Magriplis Emmanuella , Charidemou Evelina , Philippou Elena , Zampelas Antonis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
Over the past few decades, traditional foods have been displaced by ultra-processed foods (UPFs), with the latter being associated with health problems.

Objective
This scoping systematic review aimed to identify the relationship between UPF intake and overweight/obesity as well as other cardiometabolic risk factors during childhood and adolescence.

Data Sources
The guidance for this protocol is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). A systematic search was undertaken on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library electronic databases based on prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria up to 6 February 2022.

Data Extraction
A total of 17 observational studies—9 cross-sectional, 7 cohort-longitudinal, and 1 study reporting both cross-sectional and longitudinal outcomes—among children and adolescents aged ≤18 years were eligible for inclusion in this review. Fourteen studies evaluated the consumption of UPFs in association with overweight/obesity and 9 studies examined the association of UPF consumption and cardiometabolic-related risk factors.

Data Analysis
Most studies (14/17) showed that an increase in UPFs was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities among children and adolescents, whereas 4 of 17 studies (3 cross-sectional and 1 cohort) found no association. Most cohort and cross-sectional studies showed good quality according to the National Institutes of Health and Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment, respectively.

Conclusion
The positive association found between UPFs and overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities among children and adolescents raises concerns for future health. Further investigation is recommended to explore the role of specific types of UPFs on cardiometabolic conditions and to identify the amount of daily intake that increase risk in order to shape appropriate public health policies.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022316432.
Circadian Clock Controls Root Hair Elongation through Long-Distance Communication
Authors: Ikeda Hikari , Uchikawa Taiga , Kondo Yohei , Takahashi Nozomu , Shishikui Takuma , Watahiki Masaaki K , Kubota Akane , Endo Motomu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Plants adapt to periodic environmental changes, such as day and night, by using circadian clocks. Cell division and elongation are primary steps to adjust plant development according to their environments. In Arabidopsis, hypocotyl elongation has been studied as a representative model to understand how the circadian clock regulates cell elongation. However, it remains unknown whether similar phenomena exist in other organs, such as roots, where circadian clocks regulate physiological responses. Here, we show that root hair elongation is controlled by both light and the circadian clock. By developing machine-learning models to automatically analyze the images of root hairs, we found that genes encoding major components of the central oscillator, such as TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1) or CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1), regulate the rhythmicity of root hair length. The partial illumination of light to either shoots or roots suggested that light received in shoots is mainly responsible for the generation of root hair rhythmicity. Furthermore, grafting experiments between wild-type (WT) and toc1 plants demonstrated that TOC1 in shoots is responsible for the generation of root hair rhythmicity. Our results illustrate the combinational effects of long-distance signaling and the circadian clock on the regulation of root hair length.
Melt Diffusion-Moderated Crystal Growth and its Effect on Euhedral Crystal Shapes
Authors: Mangler Martin F , Humphreys Madeleine C S , Geifman Eshbal , Iveson Alexander A , Wadsworth Fabian B , Brooker Richard A , Lindoo Amanda , Hammond Keiji 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Crystal growth is often described as either interface-controlled or diffusion-controlled. Here, we study crystal growth in an intermediate scenario where reaction rates at the crystal-melt interface are similar to the rates of diffusive transport of ions through the melt to the advancing crystal surface. To this end, we experimentally investigated euhedral plagioclase crystal shapes in dry mafic (basaltic) and hydrous silicic (haplodacitic) melts. Aspect ratios and inferred relative growth rates of the 3D short (S) and intermediate (I) crystal dimensions vary significantly between mafic and silicic melts, with δS:δI = 1:6–1:20 in basalt and 1:2.5–1:8 in hydrous haplodacite. The lower aspect ratios of plagioclase grown in the silicic melt coincide with 10 to 100× lower melt diffusion rates than in the mafic melt. Using an anisotropic growth model, we show that such differences in melt diffusivity can explain the discrepancy in plagioclase aspect ratios: if interface reaction and melt diffusion rates are of similar magnitude, then the growth of a crystal facet with high interfacial reaction rates may be limited by melt diffusion, while another facet of the same crystal with lower interfacial reaction rates may grow uninhibited by melt diffusivity. This selective control of melt diffusion on crystal growth rates results in progressively more equant crystal shapes as diffusivity decreases, consistent with our experimental observations. Importantly, crystals formed in this diffusion-moderated, intermediate growth regime may not show any classical diffusion-controlled growth features. The proposed model was developed for plagioclase microlites but should be generalisable to all anisotropic microlite growth in volcanic rocks.
Do Anomalies Really Predict Market Returns? New Data and New Evidence
Authors: Cakici Nusret , Fieberg Christian , Metko Daniel , Zaremba Adam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing new data from US and global markets, we revisit market risk premium predictability by equity anomalies. We apply a repertoire of machine-learning methods to forty-two countries to reach a simple conclusion: anomalies, as such, cannot predict aggregate market returns. Any ostensible evidence from the USA lacks external validity in two ways: it cannot be extended internationally and does not hold for alternative anomaly sets—regardless of the selection and design of factor strategies. The predictability—if any—originates from a handful of specific anomalies and depends heavily on seemingly minor methodological choices. Overall, our results challenge the view that anomalies as a group contain helpful information for forecasting market risk premia.
Scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide alleviates mitochondrial dynamics imbalance induced by PM2.5 exposure by downregulating the PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Lanyi , Xu Jingbin , Duan Kaiqian , Bao Tuya , Cheng Yu , Zhang Haimin , Zhang Yong , Lin Yingwei , Li Fasheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological inquiry reveals that neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by PM2.5 exposure are associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation induced by PM2.5 exposure remain elusive. In this study, our objective was to explore the impact of PM2.5 on mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation, while also examining the reparative potential of scorpion venom heat-resistant synthetic peptide (SVHRSP).

Methods
Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were employed to ascertain the protein and gene levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in BV2 cells. The concentration of IL-6 in the supernatant of the BV2 cell culture was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the assessment of mitochondrial homeostasis, western blot, RT-qPCR, and cellular immunohistochemistry methods were utilized to investigate the protein and gene levels of DRP1 and MFN-2 in HT22 cells. In the context of signal pathway analyses, western blot, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to detect the protein and gene expressions of PGC-1α and SIRT3 in HT22 cells, respectively. Following the transfection with siPGC-1αRNA, downstream proteins of PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway in HT22 cells were investigated by Western blot and RT-qPCR.

Results
The experimental findings demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 exacerbated neuroinflammation, resulting in elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, it perturbed mitochondrial dynamics, as evidenced by increased DRP1 expression and decreased MFN-2 expression. Additionally, dysfunction was observed in the PGC-1α/SIRT3 signal pathway. However, intervention with SVHRSP ameliorated the cellular damage induced by PM2.5 exposure.

Conclusions
SVHRSP alleviated neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dynamics imbalance induced by PM2.5 exposure by downregulating the PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling pathway.