bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of psychiatric clerkship, educational phase, contact with mental illness and gender on stigma and mental health help-seeking attitude in medical students in Jordan
Authors: Abuistaitah Bara’ Jaser , Abu Al-Feilat Ehab Eyad , Al-Qaralleh Hamid Ahmad , AlMomani Amro Emad , Hamam Hafezaldeen Jamal , BaniMustafa Radwan Ali , Qaswal Abdallah Barjas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and aims
Stigma is considered a significant barrier to help-seeking and it is more prominent in medical students. Studies exploring stigma and its impact on Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Psychiatric Help (ATSPPH) among medical students in Jordanian universities are scarce. In this paper, we aim to assess the level of stigma among Jordanian medical students and its relationship with help-seeking and other secondary factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study conducted through an online questionnaire on medical students in Jordan, the survey included validated psychometric tools Mental Health Clinicians Attitude 2 (MICA-2) and Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Psychiatric Help Short Form (ATSPPH-SF) in addition to sociodemographics. Stigma was analysed as a correlate of help-seeking using Spearman’s rank besides the non-parametric analysis of secondary factors.

Results
A total of 390 responses were analysed, 224 were females and 201 had experience with mental illness. There is an inverse relationship between stigma and ATSPPH p-value < .001. Jordanian medical students show relatively higher stigma compared to students from other nations. Females showed significantly less stigmatizing attitude p-value < .001 and more positive ATSPPH p-value < .001 compared to males. Individuals who encountered mental illness had significantly less stigma and more positive help-seeking behaviour compared to the opposite group. (p-value = .002 and p-value < .001) respectively. Completing a psychiatric clerkship had no impact on help-seeking.

Conclusion
Medical students in Jordan show a highly stigmatizing attitude compared with students from other nations. In parallel with the literature, females and students who experienced mental illness show less stigmatizing attitudes and more positive help-seeking behaviour.
Gross motor abnormalities in relation to balance and weight indicators in children with spastic diplegia
Authors: Elrakhawy Lamis Neyazy , Mamdouh Khaled Ahmed , Eltalawy Hoda Abdel Azim , Abdulrahman Radwa S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Over the past 10 years, the prevalence of obesity in the cerebral palsy population has increased in the USA, ranging from 7.7 to 16.5%. Obesity is linked to health problems as well as challenges with walking and balance. The current study investigated the correlation between BMI, balance, and gross motor abnormalities in children with diplegia.

Methods
This cross-sectional-correlation study was done at the Outpatient Clinic at the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. The study included 104 diplegic children aged from 5 to 10 years, 53 in the normal weight group and 51 in the overweight group. Dynamic balance was evaluated by the overall stability index (OSI) in the Biodex Balance System and gross motor capacities (GMC) were evaluated by standing and walking dimensions in GMFM.

Results
On comparing outcome variables, there were significant differences among groups in BMI, GMC, and OSI (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant negative strong correlation between GMC and OSI (r = − 0.792 and P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Overweight and obese diplegic cerebral palsy children have decreased balance and GMC significantly when compared to normal-weight children. There was also a significant correlation between GMC and OSI (r = − 0.792).

Trial registration
The study registered in ClinicalTrial.gov in October 2024 (NCT06642922).
Investigation into the reduction of aerodynamic drag via external windshields on high-speed trains
Authors: Yongrong Jin , Xiaoli Chen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As train speeds increase, aerodynamic drag becomes a significant factor in train resistance. The geometric profile of the train’s end connection changes abruptly, enhancing this aerodynamic resistance. Implementing an external windshield effectively mitigates this resistance, particularly for middle- and rear-train cars. This study utilizes three-dimensional, steady Navier–Stokes (N-S) equations for open line conditions and three-dimensional, unsteady N-S equations for tunnel environments to analyze the drag reduction effects of trains with and without external windshields in both scenarios. The findings indicate that external windshields have minimal impact on the flow and pressure fields surrounding the entire train, whether operating on open lines or in tunnels. However, the installation of an external windshield creates a positive pressure zone on its surface, with varying pressure levels depending on whether the train is in open air or a tunnel. Additionally, a high-velocity airflow occurs in the gap between the external and internal windshields, reaching speeds up to 90 m/s. In open-line conditions, the external windshield decreases the train’s overall aerodynamic resistance by approximately 14.46%, while in tunnels, it achieves a reduction of about 24.48%. Furthermore, the pressure surrounding the windshield is higher during tunnel operations compared to open-line conditions.
Harnessing individual nitrogen-vacancy centers with a compact and portable confocal microscope
Authors: Panadero I. , Guerra J. C. , Caravaca E. , Hidalgo F. J. , Acedo P. , de Dios C. , Torrontegui E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent advancements in quantum technology have highlighted the potential of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. However, realizing this potential requires overcoming challenges associated with the size, complexity, and cost of current optical systems. In this Perspective, we present a compact and portable confocal setup designed for efficient detection, initialization, and readout of single NV center photoluminescence signals, enabling coherent spin control and nanoscale-resolution magnetic field sensing.
Hepatic and Pancreatic Cellular Response to Early Life Nutritional Mismatch
Authors: Ghosh Shubhamoy , Ganguly Amit , Habib Manal , Shin Bo-Chul , Thamotharan Shanthie , Andersson Sture , Devaskar Sherin U 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To determine the basis for perinatal nutritional mismatch causing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and diabetes mellitus, we examined adult phenotype, hepatic transcriptome, and pancreatic β-islet function. In prenatal caloric-restricted rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and postnatal exposure to high fat with fructose (HFhf) or high carbohydrate, we investigated male and female IUGR-HFhf and IUGR-high carbohydrate, vs HFhf and control offspring. Males more than females displayed adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hepatomegaly with hepatic steatosis. Male hepatic triglyceride synthesis, de novo lipogenesis genes increased, while female lipolysis, β-oxidation, fatty acid efflux, and FGF21 genes increased. IUGR-HFhf males demonstrated reduced β-islet insulin and humanin, and type 1 diabetes mellitus human amniotic fluid increased humanin. Humanin suppression disabled glucose stimulated insulin, ATP production, with apoptotic diminished β-islet viability. Humanin and FGF21 may reverse perinatal nutritional mismatched phenotype by restoring functional β islets and preventing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and diabetes mellitus.
From Michael VIII to Andronikos II. The two first Palaiologoi’s different approaches towards the church
Authors: GEORGIADI Phoebe-Irene 
Published: January 2025

Ένας από τους βασικούς στόχους του Μιχαήλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγου μετά το 1261 ήταν η ενίσχυση των επαφών με τη Δύση που θα απέτρεπαν μία σταυροφορία εναντίον της Κωνσταντινούπολης. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, διαπραγματεύτηκε την ένωση της βυζαντινής και της ρωμαϊκής εκκλησίας και προσπάθησε να την επιβάλει στην αυτοκρατορία, η οποία τότε ήταν ήδη διχασμένη λόγω του Αρσενιατικού σχίσματος που είχε προκύψειμετά τον σφετερισμό του θρόνου από τον ίδιο. Μετά τον θάνατό του, ο διάδοχός του Ανδρόνικος Β΄ είχε ως πρωταρχικό μέλημα τις εκκλησιαστικές υποθέσεις, τις οποίες προσπάθησε να ρυθμίσει ανατρέποντας τιςαποφάσεις του πατέρα του: ο νέος αυτοκράτορας απέρριψε επίσημα την Ένωση και προσπάθησε να κατευνάσει τους Αρσενιάτες επιλέγοντας πατριάρχες που πίστευε ότι θα γίνονταν αποδεκτοί από αυτούς.Καθώς ακολούθησε μία πιο συμβιβαστική πολιτική, παρατηρήθηκε μία αξιοσημείωτη αλλαγή στην ιστορία της βυζαντινής αυτοκρατορίας.
From Interaction to Prediction: A Multi-Interactive Attention-Based Approach to Product Rating Prediction
Authors: Yu Li , Gong Wei , Zhang Dongsong , Ding Yu , Fu Zhe 
Published: January 2025

Despite increasing research on product rating prediction, very few studies have considered user-item interaction relationships at multiple levels. To address this critical limitation, we propose a novel rating prediction method based on multi-interaction attention (RPMIA) by learning user-item interaction relationships at three levels simultaneously from online consumer reviews for predicting product ratings with reasonable interpretability. Specifically, RPMIA first deploys a multihead cross-attention mechanism to capture the interaction between contexts of items and users. Then, it uses a bilayer gate-based mechanism to extract the aspects of items and users and a self-attention mechanism to learn their interaction at the aspect level. Finally, the aspects of users and items are coupled together to form meaningful user-item aspect pairs via a joint attention. A multitask predictor that integrates a factorization machine and a feedforward neural network is designed to generate a rating prediction. We empirically evaluated RPMIA with seven real-world data sets. The results demonstrate that RPMIA outperforms the state-of-the-art methods consistently and significantly. We also conduct a user study to assess the interpretability of the RPMIA method. History: Accepted by Ram Ramesh, Area Editor for Data Science & Machine Learning. Funding: The research is supported by Beijing Social Science Foundation [24XCB012], Suzhou Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Social Governance Technologies [SZS2023007], and Smart Social Governance Technology and Innovative Application Platform [YZCXPT2023101]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0131 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0131 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Sometimes, Always, Never: Regulatory Clarity and the Development of Digital Financing
Authors: Ran Zhenkai , Rau P. Raghavendra , Ziegler Tania 
Published: January 2025

This study examines how the level of detail in legal regulations impacts crowdfunding. We find that clear, explicit regulations significantly boost crowdfunding volumes in a global sample of digital finance. Using proxies to measure regulatory detail in three types of countries—countries that sometimes, always, or never had regulation—in a series of difference-in-difference regressions, we show a significant positive relation between regulatory clarity and the level of debt crowdfunding. There is little effect on the level of equity crowdfunding. Clear regulations appear to encourage the creation of new crowdfunding platforms rather than concentrating activity in existing ones. This paper was accepted by Will Cong, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01538 .
The Effect of Functional Diversity on Team Creativity: Behavioral and fNIRS Evidence
Authors: Chen Yasheng , Presslee Adam , Yang Sue 
Published: January 2025

Variation in functional expertise is an important decision that managers face when designing teams tasked with being creative. We develop theory that predicts that functional diversity has countervailing effects on team creativity through its positive (negative) effect on the uniqueness (usefulness) of the proposals generated. We conduct an experiment where functionally homogeneous or heterogeneous two-person teams are tasked with proposing a creative use for an unused university space. We measure the uniqueness, usefulness, and overall creativity of team proposals. We also use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging technology to investigate the underlying team cognitive processes. Measured outcomes and fNIRS data support our predictions. Combining conventional experiment and advanced neuroimaging techniques, our study informs theory and practice by providing evidence of how functional diversity affects team creativity. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NA) [Grant 72172132] and CPA Ontario’s Centre for Sustainability Reporting and Performance Management (NA). Supplemental Material: The online supplemental appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02157 .
Strategic Responses to Innovation Shocks: Evidence from the Video Game Industry
Authors: Argyres Nicholas , Bigelow Lyda , Nickerson Jackson , Ozalp Hakan , Yilmaz Erdem Dogukan 
Published: January 2025

A major concern of the strategy and innovation literature on platforms has been how complementors are affected by and respond to innovations in platform characteristics. We contribute to this research by examining how complementors choose their homing strategies in response to a platform innovation shock. We theorize that comparative adjustment and opportunity costs can predict these choices, and we test our predictions using data on complementor responses to the introduction of Generation 6 video game consoles. Consistent with our predictions, we find that complementors’ choices of whether to develop games for a single console, multiple consoles sequentially, or multiple consoles simultaneously depend on proxies for their comparative adjustment and opportunity costs of adopting each of these strategies. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2023.0104 .
Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2+
Authors: Chen Zhian , Zhou Tianhua , Yin Zhengbo , Duan Peiya , Zhang Ying , Feng Yujiao , Shi Rongmao , Xu Yongqing , Pang Rongqing , Tan Hongbo 
Published: January 2025

AimsMagnesium ions (Mg2+) play an important role in promoting cartilage repair in cartilage lesions. However, no research has focused on the role of Mg2+ combined with microfracture (MFX) in hyaline-like cartilage repair mediated by cartilage injury. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of the combination of MFX and Mg2+ in cartilage repair.MethodsA total of 60 rabbits were classified into five groups (n = 12 each): sham, MFX, and three different doses of Mg2+ treatment groups (0.05, 0.5, and 5 mol/L). Bone cartilage defects were created in the trochlear groove cartilage of rabbits. MFX surgery was performed after osteochondral defects. Mg2+ was injected into knee joints immediately and two and four weeks after surgery. At six and 12 weeks after surgery, the rabbits were killed. Cartilage damage was detected by gross observation, micro-CT, and histological analysis. The expression levels of related genes were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).ResultsThe histological results showed that the 0.5 mol/L Mg2+ group had deeper positive staining in haematoxylin-eosin (H&E), safranin O, Alcian blue, and type II collagen staining. The new cartilage coverage in the injury area was more complete, and the regeneration of hyaline cartilage was higher. The RT-qPCR results showed that sirtuin 1/bone morphogenetic protein-2/sex-determining region Y box 9 (SIRT1/BMP-2/SOX-9) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) messenger RNA levels were up-regulated after Mg2+ injection.ConclusionMFX combined with Mg2+ treatment has a positive effect on cartilage repair. The Mg2+ injection dose of 0.5 mol/L is most effective in enhancing microfracture-mediated cartilage repair.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2025;14(1):20–32.
Effect of family support and work resources in the relationship of economic constraints and work volition: Evidence from China
Authors: Hai Lu , Wang Yang , Shu Man , Zhang Mengxiao , Wang Yijiao 
Published: January 2025

Background
As the pace of economic development slows, college students are facing an increasingly challenging employment landscape. For instance, the expansion of higher education has led to a swell in the number of job seekers, which has in turn intensified competition. Given the limited job opportunities, it’s understandable that many college students are developing a pessimistic employment mindset. Therefore, it’s crucial to explore how objective factors influence their work aspirations. But few studies have explored the role of mediating factors between the two, such as family and resource factors. Thus, this study examines the effects of family support and work resources between the relationship between economic constraints and work volition.

Methods
The study examined 1249 Chinese undergraduate students as participants ((714 men and 535 women; Mage = 19.32, SD = 1.50), using the questionnaire with the Wenjuanxing online survey tool. The questionnaire were collected between August, 2022 and December, 2022. SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used to conducted a comprehensive analysis of the collected data, and investigate the relationships among latent variables and assess the goodness of fit of the observed indicators on their associated latent constructs. Additionally, we evaluated all the hypothesized direct and indirect effects.

Results
The results showed the direct and indirect relationships among economic constraints, family support, work resources and work volition. Economic constraints can directly predict work volition. Moreover, economic constraints have a significant negative impact on work volition via two mediators: family support and work resources. On the one hand, economic constraints negatively affect work volition through family support and work resource separately. On the other hand, economic constraints negatively predict family support and work resource, thus negatively impact work volition.

Contribution
The current study has established the independent mediating and chain-mediated effects of family support and work resources on the relationship between economic constraints and work volition. This deeper understanding of internal mechanisms provides valuable insights that can inform strategies for enhancing individual’s work volition, particularly from the perspectives of economic constraints, family support, and work volition.
Effects of antioxidant nutrients on muscle mass, strength and function in COPD patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: He Qinman , Yang Pan , Wang Ye , Xu Wanmei , Feng Yi , Xie Fei , Xu Guixiang 
Published: January 2025

Aim
To comprehensively investigate the effects of antioxidant nutrients on muscle mass, strength and function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched from the inception to January 3, 2024. The quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was measured using the Jadad scale. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the effect size for measurement data. Further, subgroup analysis was conducted based on whether patients participated in lung rehabilitation plans while receiving nutritional interventions. Sensitivity analysis was performed on all outcomes.

Results
A total of 12 studies involving 595 patients with COPD were included, with 11 studies had high quality, and one study had low quality. For muscle mass, patients receiving antioxidant nutrients had a significantly increased lean body mass index compared with those not receiving antioxidant nutrients (pooled WMD: 0.903, 95% CI: 0.264, 1.541, P = 0.006). For patients who did not participate in lung rehabilitation plan while receiving nutritional interventions, antioxidant nutrients brought about a significantly higher lean body mass index (pooled WMD: 1.360, 95% CI: 0.560, 2.160, P = 0.001). For muscle strength, patients in the antioxidant nutrient intervention group had significantly higher hand grip strength (HGS) than those in the non-antioxidant nutrient intervention group (pooled WMD: 1.976, 95% CI: 1.337, 2.615, P < 0.001). Patients receiving antioxidant nutrients had significantly greater inspiratory muscle strength (MIP) than those not receiving antioxidant nutrients (pooled WMD: 8.127, 95% CI: 2.677, 13.577, P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Antioxidant nutrient intervention significantly improved HGS, MIP and lean body mass index in COPD. Clinicians should consider increasing food intake or supplementation rich in antioxidants in the treatment plan of patients with COPD.
A study of association between maternal tetanus toxoid immunization and neonatal mortality in the context of Bangladesh
Authors: Naha Sujan Kumar , Arpon Md. Efty Islam , Siddique Rifa Tasfia , Ripa Farjana Rahman , Hasan Mohammad Nayeem , Uddin Md. Jamal 
Published: January 2025

Background
Maternal tetanus toxoid (MTT) vaccination during pregnancy remains an important factor for reducing infant mortality globally, especially in developing nations, including Bangladesh. Despite commendable progress in reducing child mortality through widespread MTT vaccination during pregnancy, the issue still exists. This analysis explores the impact of MTT vaccination on neonatal mortality in Bangladesh and identifies associated factors.

Methods
This research utilizes data from the 2019 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). The dataset consists of 23,402 cases; among them, 587 cases resulted in infant death. The outcome variable was infant mortality, which was binary. The independent variables identified as potential contributors to the cause of death included tetanus toxoid vaccination status, mode of delivery (cesarean section or not), and mother’s education level, among others. The Poisson model was employed to analyze the data.

Results
The analyses showed that the neonatal mortality rate was 2.51%. Notably, 45.90% of mothers received the MTT vaccination during pregnancy. Among them, 23.07% received a single dose, and 22.82% took adequate doses (receiving more than two doses) and adhered to WHO guidelines. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 1.36, which indicates that there was a 36% higher risk of neonatal mortality for those children whose mothers did not take TT (IRR = 1.36, p = 0.081). We also found that women from middle-class households (IRR = 1.58, 95% CI = 0.98, 2.54) and women with higher parity (IRR = 1.96, 95% CI = 0.95, 4.03) also had a higher risk of newborn fatalities. A comparable trend has been observed regarding the correlation between the number of tetanus doses administered and neonatal mortality, where it also emphasizes the importance of receiving adequate doses (a minimum of 2 doses of tetanus vaccine) to mitigate neonatal mortality (adjusted IRR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.29, 1.01) in comparison to no doses received.

Conclusion
Administering a minimum of one maternal tetanus dose significantly lowers the risk of neonatal mortality. Other than Maternal Tetanus Toxoid vaccination, the analyses underscore various contributors to neonatal mortality, encompassing maternal healthcare, delivery procedures, socio-economic status, and education. Targeted interventions addressing these factors have the potential to efficiently decrease neonatal mortality rates and improve overall maternal and child health.