bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an integrated motivational cognitive–behavioral group intervention for adolescents with gaming disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ji Yinan , Wong Daniel Fu Keung 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAims, Design and SettingThe aim of this study was to test the efficacy of the integrated cognitive–behavioral therapy with a strength‐based motivational approach [integrated cognitive–behavioral therapy (ICBT)] intervention to change gaming disorder (GD) symptoms and other outcomes and to study the therapeutic mechanism. A two‐arm parallel randomized waiting‐list controlled trial with 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups were conducted in a secondary vocational school in mainland China.ParticipantsParticipants comprised 77 Chinese adolescents with GD symptoms with a mean age of 16.36 years [standard deviation (SD) = 0.93]; 88.3% were maleInterventionsParticipants were randomized into an ICBT group (n = 38) and a waiting‐list control (WLC, n = 39) group. ICBT intervention comprised eight weekly sessions to encourage participants to identify their interests and strengths and set goals for developing personally meaningful real‐life activities.Measurements and FindingsThe outcomes were measured at pre‐treatment (t0), post‐treatment (t1), 3‐month (t2) and 6‐month (t3) follow‐ups. The primary outcome was GD symptoms at t3. Secondary outcomes included GD symptoms at t1 and t2, and gaming motivation, maladaptive gaming cognition, depression and anxiety symptoms at t1, t2 and t3. With the intention‐to‐treat principle, the GD scores at t3 were significantly different between the CBT and WLC groups [mean difference 62.08 (SD = 10.48) versus 73.64 (SD = 11.70); Hedges’ g = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–1.62]. Linear mixed‐effects modeling showed significant group × time interaction for the secondary outcomes (P < 0.01), with a moderate to strong between‐group effect size in the reduction in depression symptoms (g = 0.67–0.84) and anxiety symptoms (g = 0.6–0.64). Path analysis shows ICBT leads to GD reduction through reducing gaming motivation and maladaptive gaming cognition.ConclusionsAn integrated cognitive–behavioral therapy with strength‐based motivational approach intervention reduced gaming disorder symptoms and time spent gaming over a 6‐month period by decreasing maladaptive gaming motivation and cognition.
Parallel endodontic education via social media: An exploratory survey study
Authors: Nawar Nawar Naguib , Elkholy Mostafa M. A. , Ha William Nguyen , Bürklein Sebastian , Saber Shehabeldin Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere is insufficient research to evaluate social media's influence on endodontic education. Therefore, this study assessed the percentage of students utilising Facebook in their education and the factors influencing their engagement. A survey was conducted on dental students, interns and dentists undertaking specialist programmes. Categorical data were analysed using Fisher's Exact test and multiple pairwise comparisons. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Responses were received from 801 participants, with 98.4% using Facebook for endodontic knowledge. Although most students knew that scientific evidence is not always provided, they still deemed such information valuable as it was a practical demonstration of clinical cases. Most students turn to Facebook for endodontic education to compensate for the gap between their academic education and clinical practice. The utilisation of social media for education can be a concerning phenomenon and should not be ignored by academic institutes.
Revisiting the size–productivity relationship with imperfect measures of production and plot size
Authors: Ayalew Hailemariam , Chamberlin Jordan , Newman Carol , Abay Kibrom A. , Kosmowski Frederic , Sida Tesfaye 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMonitoring smallholder agricultural productivity growth, one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals, rests on accurate measures of crop production and land area. Existing methods and protocols for measuring smallholder production and plot size are prone to various sources and forms of mismeasurement. Inaccuracies in production and land area measurement are likely to distort descriptive and predictive inferences. We examine the sensitivity of empirical assessments of the relationship between agricultural productivity and land area to alternative measurement protocols. We implement six production and six land area measurement protocols, and show that most of these protocols differ systematically in their accuracy. We find that an apparent inverse size–productivity relationship in our data is fully explained by measurement error in both production and plot size. Moreover, we show that some of the previously used “gold standard” measures are themselves prone to nonclassical measurement error, and hence can generate spurious inverse size–productivity findings. Our results also show that slight improvements in the precision of objective measures significantly reduce the inferential bias associated with the size–productivity relationship.
From decolonizing knowledge to postimperialism
Authors: Ribeiro Gustavo Lins 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo open new disciplinary imaginings, we must reinvigorate the relationship between utopian and anthropological thought. This is already underway in efforts to decolonize knowledge. Though such efforts have different emphases, they are located within a field of ideological and utopian struggles that must be understood in the context of imperialism‐colonialism, of subalternized subject positions, and of the armed and cognitive struggles that imperialism‐colonialism has entailed. Based on my Latin American positionality, I analyze the decolonization of anthropological knowledge as part of this wider field and of the discipline's history of reexamining itself. In a critical dialogue with postcolonial and decolonial thought, I proposepostimperialismas a framework that aims to deimperialize the world, overcoming the hierarchical positions between hegemonic and nonhegemonic anthropologies. Moreover, a postimperial research program would entail studying how global elites’ power affects those who struggle to end an unfair regime that is destroying the planet.
An anti‐genealogical take on US anthropology and disciplinary reform
Authors: Rouse Carolyn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe “decolonizing generation” is a critical new movement that has captured the imaginations of many younger scholars. While the author would like to consider herself an older member of this generation, she questions whether this moment needs periodization. Is today's moment really so different from the past, when we saw the rise of world anthropologies, postmodernism, the crisis in representation, neo‐Marxism, and anti‐racist movements? And what is meant by “decolonizing anthropology” when experiences with colonialism and decolonization differ around the world? While acknowledging the value of reforming the discipline, the author encourages her colleagues to separate the very important critique of anthropologists’ gatekeeping practices from idealized renderings of what anthropology should be. Rather than decolonization, the discipline ought to focus on establishing a continual decentering of hegemonic knowledge production.
Livestock grazing is an effective conservation tool for Californian coastal grassland ecology: An eight‐year study on vegetation dynamics
Authors: Evans Andrew W. , Woodward Brian D. , Wyckoff A. Christy , Toledo David , Duke Sara , Fischer Christy , Núñez Claudio , Sierra‐Corona Rodrigo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuestionsLivestock grazing is an expanding land management tool for habitat and fuel management in California grassland ecosystems, despite mixed conclusions about its effects. Our study investigated the following questions:

Does a targeted grazing regime promote grassland functioning by clearing bare ground and reducing dead litter cover?
Does targeted grazing reduce grassland fuels?
Does targeted grazing promote native species cover and diversity?
Does targeted grazing reduce non‐native, invasive species cover and diversity?
LocationThe Santa Lucia Preserve, Carmel, California, USA.MethodsMonitoring grazed and ungrazed treatment plots within 17 study sites, we surveyed the effects of a targeted grazing regime on bare ground cover, litter cover and depth, herb height, and diversity and cover of different native and non‐native species groups over an eight‐year period.ResultsOn average, grazing successfully increased bare ground (by 2.8% cover), decreased litter depth (by 3.5 cm) and cover (by 12%), and decreased herb height (by 3.9 cm). Grazed plots had greater cover of native annual forbs (+1.2% cover), while decreasing invasive Bromus diandrus (by 6.0% cover). There was no difference in either native or non‐native species diversity.ConclusionsTargeted grazing can be an appropriate tool to accomplish conservation goals, including biomass management and canopy clearing, while improving native annual forbs without risk to native species as a whole. Further steps in adaptive management must examine how the application of grazing may be altered to further promote native species and to inhibit invasive species.
Impact of age, sex and cytochrome P450 genotype on quetiapine and N‐desalkylquetiapine serum concentrations: A study based on real‐world data from 8118 patients
Authors: Solhaug Vigdis , Tveito Marit , Waade Ragnhild Birkeland , Høiseth Gudrun , Molden Espen , Smith Robert Løvsletten 
Published: July 2023

AimsTo investigate the effect of aging, sex and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genotypes on the exposure of quetiapine (QUE) and the pharmacologically active metabolite N‐desalkylquetiapine (NDQ).MethodsPatients with serum concentrations of QUE and NDQ were included retrospectively from a therapeutic drug monitoring service. The outcome measures were concentration:dose (C:D) ratios of QUE and NDQ, and NDQ:QUE metabolic ratio. Linear mixed model analyses were used to evaluate the effects of age, sex and, subsequently, CYP2D6/3A genotypes.ResultsThe average age of the included population (n = 8118 patients) was 44 years (13.5% ≥65 years). The C:D ratio of QUE and NDQ gradually increased in patients aged >50 years compared to those aged 18–30 years, with 28 and 29% increase, respectively, for patients aged >70 years (P < .001). Compared to males, females had 15% lower QUE C:D ratio and 10% higher C:D ratio of NDQ (both P < .001). The NDQ:QUE metabolic ratio was 30% higher in females than in males (P < .001). For females ≥65 years, the NDQ C:D ratio was 36% higher compared to males <65 years (P < .001). A significantly higher NDQ C:D ratio was observed for CYP2D6 intermediate (+7%, P = .012) and poor (+17%, P = .001) compared to normal metabolizers. No effects of CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5*1 allele variants were observed.ConclusionThis study shows an increase of the QUE and NDQ exposures during aging. Old age, female sex and CYP2D6 allele variants encoding reduced activity are factors associated with high NDQ exposure. Therefore, females ≥65 years carrying CYP2D6 allele variants encoding reduced activity have the highest risk of dose‐dependent side effects of NDQ during QUE treatment.
The prospects of poop: a review of past achievements and future possibilities in faecal isotope analysis
Authors: Reid Rachel E. B. , Crowley Brooke Erin , Haupt Ryan J. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTWhat can the stable isotope values of human and animal faeces tell us? This often under‐appreciated waste product is gaining recognition across a variety of disciplines. Faecal isotopes provide a means of monitoring diet, resource partitioning, landscape use, tracking nutrient inputs and cycling, and reconstructing past climate and environment. Here, we review what faeces are composed of, their temporal resolution, and how these factors may be impacted by digestive physiology and efficiency. As faeces are often used to explore diet, we clarify how isotopic offsets between diet and faeces can be calculated, as well as some differences among commonly used calculations that can lead to confusion. Generally, faecal carbon isotope (δ13C) values are lower than those of the diet, while faecal nitrogen isotope values (δ15N) values are higher than in the diet. However, there is considerable variability both within and among species. We explore the role of study design and how limitations stemming from a variety of factors can affect both the reliability and interpretability of faecal isotope data sets. Finally, we summarise the various ways in which faecal isotopes have been applied to date and provide some suggestions for future research. Despite remaining challenges, faecal isotope data are poised to continue to contribute meaningfully to a variety of fields.
Undoing a co‐operative bargain: The origins and dissolution of federal accommodation of provincial credit unions
Authors: Pigeon Marc‐André 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe failure of several U.S. regional banks early in 2023 underlined Canada's reputation as home to a resilient banking sector where federal policymakers guard their jurisdictional responsibility over banking against populist impulses and trade off competition for financial stability. This article argues that conventional explanations for this observed stability are incomplete because they omit any discussion of federal policies that shaped the growth of a $550 billion provincially based credit union system. This article reconciles the resulting puzzle by showing how policymakers accommodated credit unions and used them to channel populist impulses but within the bounds of over‐arching financial stability concerns.
Interferon‐expressing oncolytic adenovirus + chemoradiation inhibited pancreatic cancer growth in a hamster model
Authors: Shinoda Shuhei , Sharma Nikita S. , Nakamura Naohiko , Inoko Kazuho , Sato‐Dahlman Mizuho , Murugan Paari , Davydova Julia , Yamamoto Masato 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPast clinical trials of adjuvant therapy combined with interferon (IFN) alpha, fluorouracil, cisplatin, and radiation improved the 5‐year survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, these trials also revealed the disadvantages of the systemic toxicity of IFN and insufficient delivery of IFN. To improve efficacy and tolerability, we have developed an oncolytic adenovirus‐expressing IFN (IFN‐OAd). Here, we evaluated IFN‐OAd in combination with chemotherapy (gemcitabine + nab‐paclitaxel) + radiation. Combination index (CI) analysis showed that IFN‐OAd + chemotherapy + radiation was synergistic (CI <1). Notably, IFN‐OAd + chemotherapy + radiation remarkably suppressed tumor growth and induced a higher number of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes without severe side toxic effects in an immunocompetent and adenovirus replication‐permissive hamster PDAC model. This is the first study to report that gemcitabine + nab‐paclitaxel, the current first‐line chemotherapy for PDAC, did not hamper virus replication in a replication‐permissive immunocompetent model. IFN‐OAd has the potential to overcome the barriers to clinical application of IFN‐based therapy through its tumor‐specific expression of IFN, induction of antitumor immunity, and sensitization with chemoradiation. Combining IFN‐OAd with gemcitabine + nab‐paclitaxel + radiation might be an effective and clinically beneficial treatment for PDAC patients.
Alzheimer's disease diagnostic accuracy by fluid and neuroimaging ATN framework
Authors: Xiong Xi , He Haijun , Ye Qianqian , Qian Shuangjie , Zhou Shuoting , Feng Feifei , Fang Evandro F. , Xie Chenglong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe ATN's different modalities (fluids and neuroimaging) for each of the Aβ (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) elements are used for the biological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aim to identify which ATN category achieves the highest potential for diagnosis and predictive accuracy of longitudinal cognitive decline.MethodsBased on the availability of plasma ATN biomarkers (plasma‐derived Aβ42/40, p‐tau181, NFL, respectively), CSF ATN biomarkers (CSF‐derived Aβ42/Aβ40, p‐tau181, NFL), and neuroimaging ATN biomarkers (18F‐florbetapir (FBP) amyloid‐PET, 18F‐flortaucipir (FTP) tau‐PET, and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET), a total of 2340 participants were selected from ADNI.ResultsOur data analysis indicates that the area under curves (AUCs) of CSF‐A, neuroimaging‐T, and neuroimaging‐N were ranked the top three ATN candidates for accurate diagnosis of AD. Moreover, neuroimaging ATN biomarkers display the best predictive ability for longitudinal cognitive decline among the three categories. To note, neuroimaging‐T correlates well with cognitive performances in a negative correlation manner. Meanwhile, participants in the “N” element positive group, especially the CSF‐N positive group, experience the fastest cognitive decline compared with other groups defined by ATN biomarkers. In addition, the voxel‐wise analysis showed that CSF‐A related to tau accumulation and FDG–PET indexes more strongly in subjects with MCI stage. According to our analysis of the data, the best three ATN candidates for a precise diagnosis of AD are CSF‐A, neuroimaging‐T, and neuroimaging‐N.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings suggest that plasma, CSF, and neuroimaging biomarkers differ considerably within the ATN framework; the most accurate target biomarkers for diagnosing AD were the CSF‐A, neuroimaging‐T, and neuroimaging‐N within each ATN modality. Moreover, neuroimaging‐T and CSF‐N both show excellent ability in the prediction of cognitive decline in two different dimensions.
Cognitive Load and Deception Detection Performance
Authors: Wielgopolan Adrianna , Imbir Kamil K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ability to detect deception is one of the most intriguing features of our minds. Cognitive load can surprisingly increase the accuracy of detection when there is a substantial load compared to when the detection is performed without cognitive load. This effect was tested in two experiments. In the first experiment, the participants were asked to watch truth/lie videos while completing a concurrent task (N‐back in a 3‐back version; intuitive processing), providing verbal reasoning after watching each video (deliberative processing), or watching the videos alone (control group). The cognitive load caused by the concurrent task led to a higher accuracy in deception detection compared to the other conditions. In the second experiment, we examined how this effect worked under various amounts of cognitive load. Participants watching truth/lie videos were assigned to one of three experimental conditions (N‐back in three versions: 1, 3, and 5‐back) or to a control group. The participants in the 3‐back and 5‐back conditions exhibited a significantly higher accuracy in deception detection than those in the 1‐back and control groups. Thus, the effect of increased accuracy in deception detection is due to cognitive load and is related to the amount of cognitive load present.
Educational Investment for Future Marriage? Evidence of Missing Girls from China
Authors: Cheng Yawen , Kong Dongmin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that a sex ratio imbalance (more boys than girls in a society) may result in a sequence of social problems. This study investigated the expected effect of a high sex ratio on educational investment. Using nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Studies and the 2010 Census, we determined the following: (i) a high sex ratio increased educational expenditure for boys relative to girls; (ii) parents who took education seriously and who cared about their children's education were more likely to invest in education to appear attractive in the future marriage market, and (iii) the profound impact of a high sex ratio on educational expenditure was more pronounced in less educated and poorer families. Our findings raised the possibility that the effect of the sex ratio may bring about more gender inequality in the future. The implicit cost of a high sex ratio may further lead to a vicious cycle of family fertility and childbearing.
Disseminating action‐based cognitive remediation to an early psychosis network: Clinician perspectives on feasibility and implementation barriers
Authors: Wood‐Ross Chelsea , Milanovic Melissa , Vanrooy Tammy , Bromley Sarah , Bowie Christopher R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimAction‐based cognitive remediation (ABCR) is a group cognitive remediation treatment that aims to improve neurocognitive impairments experienced in patients with severe mental illness. Developed in research settings, ABCR is not yet widely available in community settings. As such, this study examines the feasibility of implementing ABCR in community clinics in an early psychosis network.MethodsEighty‐five allied health professionals who work within an early psychosis intervention network were trained in the provision of ABCR. They were surveyed 6‐months after training to gather information regarding their experience implementing ABCR within their clinical settings (e.g., barriers, perceived helpfulness of the treatment, modifications made to the manualized treatment). Access to ongoing training supports (e.g., treatment manual, asynchronous digital communication, conference calls) was also assessed.ResultsFifty‐one clinicians responded to the survey. Staff time, manager support, and equipment were rated as organizational barriers. Geographic location, other responsibilities, and motivation were rated as patient barriers. Over half of the sample modified the overall dose of ABCR to offer fewer sessions and/or shorter duration of sessions than the manualized approach. Clinicians that reduced the dose of ABCR reported significantly higher barriers with manager support than staff who delivered ABCR as manualized but did not report worse patient outcomes. We found asynchronous learning opportunities (i.e., manual, online discussion forum) were perceived as the most accessible and helpful methods of ongoing training support.ConclusionsThe results provide preliminary information about barriers to implementing time‐intensive cognitive treatments into clinical settings and may inform future training practices to increase successful implementation of cognitive remediation treatments.