bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedagogical system and moral and ethical teachings of Hryhoriy Skovoroda through the prism of three centuries
Authors: Severyn N. , Severyn V. 
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the unique pedagogical and moral and ethical views of the Ukrainian philosopher and teacher Hryhoriy Skovoroda. The source of these views was the traditions of folk pedagogy, folk wisdom, folk views on education and upbringing. His pedagogical views are based on ethical problems relevant to Europe in the 18th century and on Socratic dialogues. They reflected the main features of progressive pedagogy: humanism, patriotism, high morality, nationalism, "conformity with nature". Skovoroda developed one of the leading problems of philosophical and anthropological discourse – the problem of self-actualization and self-realization of the individual, based on the concepts of Socrates, Plato, Democritus, Aristotle, Cicero, and Augustine Aurelius. He reflected his pedagogical views in parables, poems, fables and the epistolary genre. Skovoroda believed that the teacher should develop children's natural talents, be able to feel their desire for "related" work, ridiculed the blind copying of Western traditions and manners, distant and alien to the nature of Ukrainian children. These principles of humanism and "kinship" were aimed at achieving a noble goal – the upbringing and education of students, taking into account their capabilities and inclinations. Education and upbringing of a person who has work in accordance with natural gifts, inclinations and abilities permeates the pedagogical system of Hryhoriy Skovoroda.
Skovoroda's poetry and prose, philosophical works have a highly ethical and moral direction and are based on the worldview of the Ukrainian people. The thinker considered the doctrine of man and his happiness to be the most important, it became the content of H. Skovoroda's philosophical and life searches. He considers happiness as a state of independence and peace of mind, which is achieved by freeing oneself from the pressure of the surrounding world and overcoming boundless passions, evil will within a person. Skovoroda emphasized the importance for a teacher to have a high moral and spiritual culture. Only a teacher with a high moral and spiritual qualities is able to ensure the correct upbringing of the young generation.
The value of H.S. Skovoroda’s philosophical fables in the practice of fairy tale therapy
Authors: Kazachiner O. , Boychuk Yu. , Halii A. 
Published: December 2022

The article clarifies that H. Skovoroda’s fables are broad on the issue, they raise the following issues: the boundaries of white and black, light and dark, good and evil, “related” work as a basic principle of work ethic, religiosity, the choice between good and evil, life and death, and so on. According to H. Skovoroda, the fable should help in the search for and discovery of eternal truth, his fables were aimed at exposing social ills, raised the spirit of civic dignity, the cult of reason, punished the world of abuse, deception, careerism, noble arbitrariness, veneration, profit, boasting, stupidity. H. Skovoroda’s fables are philosophical miniatures, reflections on related work, happiness and gratitude, which should fill every moment of a wise person’s life. But above all, these are good and funny stories about animals who are cunning, lazy, afraid and tear their noses like real people. The heroes of fairy tales show how important it is to see not only the external but also the internal essence of things, to take up the cause to which you have the ability, not to deceive others and value time and so on.
As H. Skovoroda’s philosophical fables raise many life issues and problems that occur in the life of an adult, they are useful interesting and useful material in the practice of fairy tale therapy for adults.On the example of some fables “The Bee and the Hornet”, “The Dog and the Wolf” from the series “Fables of Kharkov” it is proved that it is appropriate to use such forms, methods and technologies of working with H. Skovoroda’s fables: discussion and analysis of fables, its leading ideas, retelling the work on behalf of its various characters, watching videos, drawing illustrations, as well as creating your own fables with a similar plot.
Environmentality as a principle of education in the pedagogical experience of S.I. Miropolsky
Authors: Zolotukhina S. , Bashkir O. 
Published: December 2022

The issue of the formation of a personality in childhood has always been relevant and caused a number of studies on the scientific research of scientists, observations and practical findings of teachers and educators both at home and in educational institutions. The importance of the child's abilities, inherent to him/her by nature, in the educational process is undeniable, and their development has a unique practical experience that needs to be studied and generalized in order to successfully adapt the child to society after completing the training.
One of the brightest figures in the history of pedagogy on the study of an individual approach to a child is Serhii Iryneyovych Myropolskyi (1842-1907), who held the point of view that the upbringing process is not leading in the formation of the child's personality, and the main drivers of development are natural abilities that need to be studied and explored in each child, and then, focusing on personal qualities and abilities, build an individual approach for the individual personal educational trajectory of each student.
The article notes the formation of the pedagogical views of S.I. Myropolskyi in the conditions of the late 19th – early 20th centuries and on the basis of the philosophical and pedagogical teachings of Hryhoriy Savych Skovoroda about nature conformity as the leading principle of educating a child's personality. The requirements of S.I. Myropolskyi to the educational process on the basis of taking into account his practical experience in educational institutions. The teacher's knowledge of the child's personality, his personal qualities and abilities, as well as the types of temperament are clarified and generalized. The attitude of the scientist to the teacher as a flagship for ensuring the personal physical, psychological, moral and intellectual development of each child is revealed. In addition, the article reflects that the observance of the principle of conformity to nature, the ability to take into account the age and individual abilities of students is a requirement for the teacher. At the same time, the teacher must have a number of competencies, observe the impartial rules of tolerant behavior in order to develop the natural abilities of everyone.
Environmental, biological and social factors contributing to new rises in COVID-19 morbidity in Russia
Authors: Sizikova T. E. , Lebedev V. N. , Borisevich S. V. 
Published: December 2022

Morbidity surveys in certain regions during the COVID-19 pandemic have established that the infection spreads in a wave-like manner characterised with peaks and troughs in incidence. According to the analysis of COVID-19 epidemic development in Russia, surges in COVID-19 infections are mainly driven by seasonal factors, insufficient herd immunity, and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased transmissibility. The aim of the study was to analyse environmental, biological and social factors contributing to new rises in COVID-19 cases in Russia. The study covers the global epidemiological situation as of mid-2022 and the role of environmental, biological, and social factors in the spread of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation. The results suggest that new highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 variants and seasonality are the principal factors driving new rises in morbidity. The authors assume that the sixth and the seventh COVID-19 waves in Russia will be in line with the best case scenario, which predicts the spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant with increased transmissibility and reduced virulence.
Preclinical studies of antiviral activity of the RPH-137 fusion protein and molnupiravir against COVID-19
Authors: Shipaeva E. V. , Filon O. V. , Zintchenko A. V. , Shipunov G. A. , Dmitrieva A. A. , Lemak M. S. , Grishin S. A. , Trofimets E. I. , Kryshen K. L. , Kozlovskaya L. I. , Lunin A. S. , Apolokhov V. D. , Barbashov S. F. , Lavrovsky Ya. V. , Samsonov M. Yu. 
Published: December 2022

Finding effective and safe medicines to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection is an urgent task. RPH-137 is an original trap fusion protein against SARS-CoV-2 virus. It comprises the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 extracellular domain and the human IgG1 Fc fragment.The aim of the study was to carry out a preclinical evaluation of the efficacy of RPH-137 and molnupiravir against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Materials and methods: the authors analysed RPH-137 expressed in a stable CHO cell line and molnupiravir used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Drug-mediated inhibition of virus-induced cytotoxicity was assessed in Vero cell culture. In vivo efficacy assessments were performed in Syrian hamsters. The animals were infected intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 (PIK35 clinical isolate) in the dose of 5 log TCID50. The authors evaluated body weight measurements, lung–body weight ratios, and lung histopathology findings and determined viral RNA levels in oropharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR using the amplification cycle threshold (Ct). The statistical analyses involved one- and two-way ANOVA, Student's t-test, and Mann–Whitney test.Results: RPH-137 and molnupiravir inhibited the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells; the EC50 values of RPH-137 amounted to 4.69 μg/mL (21.3 nM) and 16.24 μg/mL (73.8 nM) for 50 TCID50 and 200 TCID50, respectively, whereas the EC50 values of molnupiravir were 0.63 μg/mL (1900 nM) for both doses. Intramuscular RPH-137 (30 and 80 mg/kg) had no effect on the infection process in Syrian hamsters. The comparison with the challenge control group showed that intraperitoneal RPH-137 (100 mg/kg) had statistically significant effects on a number of parameters, including a 27% reduction in inflammation and a 30% reduction in the total lesion area of the lungs by Day 7. Intragastric molnupiravir (300 mg/kg twice daily) significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection.Conclusions: both RPH-137 and molnupiravir inhibited the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells. In Syrian hamsters, molnupiravir demonstrated a more pronounced inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection than RPH-137. However, RPH-137 had statistically significant effects on a range of parameters. This offers additional perspectives for further research.
Levilimab clinical efficacy for interleukin-6 receptor inhibition in COVID-19 and its potential for treating cytokine release syndrome of other aetiologies
Authors: Lomakin N. V. , Bakirov B. A. , Musaev G. H. , Popov V. V. , Smolyarchuk E. A. , Linkova Yu. N. , Bogdan D. V. , Eremeeva A. V. , Pukhtinskaia P. S. , Morozova M. A. , Zinkina-Orikhan A. V. , Lutckii A. A. 
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 mortality is associated with an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Levilimab is an anti–IL-6 receptor antibody with proven clinical efficacy in patients with severe COVID-19.The aim of the study was to assess the association of COVID-19 severity and levilimab effectiveness with IL-6 levels and to explore the potential for using levilimab in other conditions accompanied by cytokine release syndrome.Materials and methods: the subgroup analysis was based on the data of COVID patients with known baseline IL-6 levels from the CORONA clinical study. Subgroups were formed according to baseline IL-6 levels: ≤5 pg/mL (normal) and >5 pg/mL (elevated). The subgroup analysis included descriptive statistics of the patients and time courses of their clinical and laboratory findings (at screening, on the day of investigational product administration, and further until day 14). In order to compare the percentages of patients who had required rescue therapy, the authors used Fisher's exact test.Results: the subgroup analysis included 91 patients (47 from the levilimab group and 44 from the placebo group). At baseline, the authors observed elevated levels of IL-6 in 31/47 (66%) subjects in the levilimab group and 29/44 (48.4%) subjects in the placebo group. The subjects with elevated IL-6 demonstrated more pronounced clinical signs of pneumonia and abnormalities in inflammatory markers. Elevated baseline IL-6 levels were associated with the need for rescue therapy (OR=3.714; 95% CI: 1.317–9.747; p=0.0183); this association was stronger in the placebo group (OR=8.889; 95% CI: 2.098–33.31; p=0.0036). Also, the placebo group showed long-term abnormalities in the clinical and laboratory findings.Conclusions: IL-6 is one of the key elements in the pathogenesis of cytokine release syndrome related to COVID-19 and other conditions. Elevated IL-6 levels are associated with the severity of COVID-19. Inhibition of IL-6 receptors by levilimab leads to clinical improvement in patients with severe COVID-19, suggesting the effectiveness of levilimab in pathogenesis-oriented therapy for cytokine release syndrome of other aetiologies.
“An Imperial Stride”: Two Hundred and Thirty Years of Transforming a Metaphor
Authors: Rossomakhin Andrey , Uspensky Vasily 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This research traces the evolution and transformation of the metaphor of the “Imperial Step,” which signifies the expansionist ambitions of Russia’s Imperial, Soviet and Post-Soviet rulers from Catherine the Great to Vladimir Putin as expressed in caricatures and satirical cartoons appearing predominantly in Britain, France, and Germany. Following in chronological order, each section is devoted to the discussion of a pertinent example of the Imperial Step beginning with late 18th century British caricature satirizing Catherine the Great in the context of her “Greek Project” and concluding with a contemporary caricature with Putin as the principal protagonist.
Boris Efimov’s Early Soviet Drawings and the Hazards of Political Caricature
Authors: Goodwin James 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The subject of this article is the evolution of Soviet political caricature as reflected in the work of artist Boris Efimov. The article focuses on the post-revolutionary period of Efimov’s career up to the eve of World War II, with particular attention to changes in his work following Stalin’s consolidation of dictatorial power by the early 1930s. While examining the nature of several key political caricatures by Efimov of the 1920s and 1930s, the article also considers the political context and circumstances surrounding Efimov’s work, especially the dramatic reversal of the official Communist Party attitude toward one of the Revolution’s principal leaders and heroes, Lev Trotsky. Based mainly on testimony in Efimov’s later memoirs, as well as two contemporaneous reviews of Efimov’s work by Trotsky and critic Viacheslav Polonsky, the article aims to demonstrate how political expediency compelled Efimov, who had received the support and patronage of these two influential figures, to alter both the content and style of his political caricatures for the purpose of attacking new imaginary enemies in Stalin’s Russia.
Analysis of modern technical means for servicing airports and airplanes
Authors: Avrunin Grigory , Pimonov Igor , Shcherbak Oleg , Yaryzhko Aleksandr , Moroz Irene 
Published: December 2022

Problem. The problem is an integral part of developing the concept of forming a standard range of transport and technological hydrophilic modular means for maintenance of airfields and airplanes. Goal. The goal is development of scientifically sound recommendations for determining the rational parameters of the hydraulic system with automation of control and energy saving during operation of modular vehicles for maintenance of airfields and aircraft, taking into account the potential of domestic engineering and critical imports of units and assemblies. Methodology. The methods include analysis of energy saving methods in hydraulic fluid power of mobile machines according to manufacturers' catalogs and industrial examples taking into account the needs of modular vehicles for maintenance of airfields and aircraft, in particular, taking into account the creation of modern hydraulic devices and circuit solutions in hydraulic drives with throttle and machine control and automatic regulators of change of hydraulic fluid power. Results. It is established that in hydraulic drives with throttle control and pumps with unregulated working volume, throttles on parallel flow and three-wire flow regulators or LS and LUDV modern systems are used; automatic pressure and flow regulators are used with pumps with adjustable displacement; in machine-controlled hydraulic drives through the use of pumps and hydraulic motors with adjustable displacement and hydraulic automation; by energy recovery during operation and bench tests of hydraulic drives; at the design stage of hydraulic drives, when the static analysis is performed in terms of efficiency and dynamic to reduce the loads on the starting modes of operation; and also at designing lay the effective circuit technical decisions promoting energy saving; directly in operation due to high-quality working fluids, heat exchange systems and filtration. Originality. The classification of methods of energy saving in volumetric hydraulic drives of mobile machines is made and examples of application of some means which are planned for introduction in transmissions and the technological equipment of cars for service of aerodromes and planes are resulted. Practical value. The possibility of a rational selection of axial-piston domestic hydraulic machines for the development of hydraulic drives for airfields and aircraft is proven.
Features of testing bulldozer control system with a GPS intensifier
Authors: Yefymenko Oleksandr , Pluhina Tetiana , Yefymenko Pavlo 
Published: December 2022

Problem. The task of positioning the working mechanism of the bulldozer in real time is considered. It has been proven that modern road machines control systems combine achievements in the field of GPS satellite positioning and mechatronic means. A competitive analysis of bulldozer control systems showed that field tests of a traditional bulldozer and a bulldozer with a GPS intensifier have not been conducted before. The task of positioning the working mechanism of the CRM was solved without fully taking into account the diagnostic parameters. Goal. The goal is to establish the influence of the GPS-intensifier system on the technical and economic indicators of the machine and to obtain information about the productivity and duration of the bulldozer's working cycle when using the GPS-intensifier. Methodology. Test and simulation methods for machine control systems using electronic components for earthmoving machines and their equipment were used in the work. A methodology for conducting field tests of a traditional bulldozer and a bulldozer with a GPS intensifier has been developed. Results. The bulldozer control system with GPS intensifier was tested. Comparative analysis and technical and economic substantiation of the research results were carried out. The influence of the GPS-intensifier system on the technical and economic indicators of the machine has been established. Data were obtained on the performance and duration of the bulldozer's work cycle when using the GPS intensifier. The developed method of conducting field tests meets the standards and allows you to fully assess the impact of the new control system on the technical and economic indicators of the bulldozer's work cycle: the duration of the work cycle, total and hourly fuel consumption. Originality. The originality lies in the fact that the using intelligent components of information processing systems allow to increase machine productivity. Field tests of a traditional bulldozer and a bulldozer with a GPS intensifier have not been conducted before. Practical value. The use of a GPS intensifier makes it possible to predict the work of actuators CRM in real time.
Paraesophageal hernia: the state of the problem and controversial issues. Review
Authors: Tarasov T. A. , Markulan L. Y. 
Published: December 2022

The literature review focuses on the controversial issues regarding the treatment of paraesophageal hernia. The limitations of the current classification of hiatal hernias are highlighted. It is irrelevant and does not meet clinical needs. Objective criteria for its improvement are proposed. Data on the prevalence and course of hiatal hernias are given. Their pathogenetic factors and diagnostic methods are underlined. Considerable emphasis is placed on the paraesophageal hernia treatment strategies in patients with an asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic clinical course of the disease. Arguments are presented in favour of both wait‑and‑see tactics and planned hernioplasty. The choice of hernioplasty technique, especially in the case of giant hernias, the feasibility and indications for the use of mesh implants depending on their shape and composition, and the potential complications of allogenioplasty are the main topics for discussion. The problem of selecting a fundoplication method is addressed while weighing the advantages and potential side effects of employing various fundoplication modifications. The effects of correcting a short esophagus and eliminating the axial pressure on the esophageal hiatus are thoroughly evaluated, as these conditions increase the risk of hernia recurrence.
The authors concluded that there are many controversial issues in the treatment of paraesophageal hernia. A consensus is needed on the classification of paraesophageal hernias, which would meet the urgent needs of choosing the method of operative delivery, and, in particular, the definition of the concepts of «large hernia» and «giant hernia.» Further research is required on issues such as the indications for operative treatment of paraesophageal hernias, especially in the case of asymptomatic large hernias and incarcerated hernias; the feasibility of using implants for plastic surgery of the esophageal hiatus; the choice of a fundoplication method; the diagnosis and correction of a short esophagus; and methodology for evaluating long‑term treatment outcomes.