bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal and institutional assessment at Kedah’s Shoreline, Malaysia: A study report
Authors: Abustan M S H , Razi M A M , Gheethi A A , Mahmud M , Maarrof M , Yusop Y M , Iberahim N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present paper examines the existing legal framework and administrative instruments outlined and adopted by various agencies to promote the sustainable development of the coastal areas for public safety, the protection of coastal communities and properties along the coast, and protection of environment at Kedah’s shoreline. The study provides an insight on the various laws and regulations governing developments in the coastal areas. An integrated and coordinated approach was proposed for the application of reclamation projects. The process which involved 11 stages is commonly adopted model by various state and planning authorities in Malaysia. Hence, the coastal development management strategies including deep sea zone management, coastal sea zone management and municipal sea zone management was seen to be the effective mechanism for long-term sustainability of coastal area and resources as well as able to improve the life quality in the coastal region.
Recycled waste of construction industry in Malaysia: A review
Authors: Lee Jin Chai , Thedy Wijaya Hansen , Ng Jing Lin , Lee Samuel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The increasing demand in the construction industry has led to a vast development in recent years. However, the impacts of this development are arising such as the increasing amount of waste. The majority of construction solid waste is dumped in landfills despite of its recyclable potential. Therefore, there should be a more viable solution to answer this issue. The objective of literature review is to obtain the information of each kind of construction waste that is most recycled with the methods. The review is based on the articles related to the recycled waste issues in Malaysia. In terms of recycling methods, paper and cardboard waste is mostly recycled into new paper while asphalt waste does have potential as aggregates for new asphalt layer. Moreover, brick and glass waste which are commonly found in demolition can be turned into pozzolanic materials and filler or glass fibre respectively. Meanwhile, the metals waste may be recycled as new metals while plastic waste can be turned into other plastic products or composite. Lastly, the timber and concrete waste can be recycled as boards and concrete aggregates respectively. The recycling system of construction waste is regulated by several bodies in Malaysia: National Solid Waste Management Department, Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation Malaysia (SWCorp), and Department of Environment Malaysia.
Feasibility study of fine-metakaolin and coal bottom ash as cement and fine aggregate replacement in seawater-mixed concrete
Authors: Yeng C L , Md Noor N , Che Rahim N A N , Ismail M H , Inam I 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The combination effect of fine-metakaolin (FMK) and coal bottom ash (CBA) as cement and fine aggregate replacement in seawater-concrete was investigated to reduce environmental issues such as carbon emission, global warming, and insufficient water resource. Optimum percentages of 10%, 20% and 30% of fine-metakaolin was determined in Stage 1 through compression strength test. Stage 2 involved testing on mixture with FMK obtained in Stage 1 and 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of CBA as the fine aggregate replacement. Nine series of concrete mixtures were prepared to conduct a compressive strength test and water absorption test at 7 and 28 days. It was observed that 10% of FMK and 10% of CBA incorporated with seawater had the highest compressive strength. Water absorption of the seawater-concrete mixed increased as the percentage of the CBA increased. It can be concluded that 10% to 50% replacement of CBA is suitable as the fine aggregate replacement with the substitution of FMK at 10%.
Determination of Basic Wind Speed for the Design of Buildings in Cambodia
Authors: Lin Chanthorn , Chhin Rattana , Han Virak , Doung Piseth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Basic wind speed is a very essential parameter used for conversion into wind loads on building structures. In Cambodia, the information on basic wind speed remains uncertain due to insufficient fundamental studies on the wind characteristics associated with regional climatic conditions. The aim of this paper is to assess and discuss the basic wind speeds for structural wind-resistant design in Cambodia by using statistical and probabilistic approaches. The datasets have been collected from National Centers for Environmental Information datasets, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under World Meteorological Organization, and Mekong River Commission in forms of hourly wind speeds. The hourly wind speeds were then statically converted to 3-second gusts speeds using Gaussian Distribution Transformation. The extreme value distributions namely, Gumbel and Gringorten were used to analyze the extreme speed in accordance with a return period. The results showed that with a return period of 10 to 1000 years, the basic wind speed varies from a minimum of 22m/s to a maximum of 53m/s, respectively. These results provided a new aspect over traditionally uncertain basic wind speed selection and can be an alternative for the estimation of wind loads for the design of building structures in Cambodia.
Influence of distance between the first sensor and support in determining tension of fixed-end cable using multiple synchronized vibration measurement
Authors: Syamsi Muhammad Ibnu , Wang Chung-Yue , Nguyen Van-Son 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Non-destructive evaluation has been developed to identify cable tension for any end-rotational stiffness condition. One of the existing methods uses multiple vibration measurements. This paper aims to study the effect of shifting the closest sensor to the support in multiple vibration measurements through numerical simulation. A cable fixed at both ends vibrates under artificial random excitation is simulated. Three cases of five synchronized signal recording arrangements are applied to the cable, where the distance from the support to the first recorder (d1) is different for each case. The distance d1 of Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3 are d, 2d, and 3d, respectively, where d is the distance between the recorder, and d is taken as 7% of the total length and the same for all cases. Cable dynamical properties are analyzed using a stochastic subspace identification method, and effective lengths are figured out by curve fitting. Under the same frequency range, seven effective lengths are obtained in Case 1, while eight are detected in Cases 2 and 3. Besides, it can be concluded that Case 1 generates larger errors in predicting tension compared to other cases.
Perception of motorcyclists on safe riding in Kota Kinabalu
Authors: Saibin M I , Yaacob H , Hassan S A , Mohamed A , Kamarudin S N N , Jaya R P , Al-Safar Z H , Shaffie E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite the high risks reflected from the annual road traffic casualties, motorcycles remain a popular mode of transport in Malaysia due to economic and ease-of-use factors. Therefore, various parties need to play their roles, make proper plans and take actions to accommodate the needs of the motorcyclists in Malaysia. Consequently, some fundamental basis on how motorcyclists interact with the road environment and other drivers was needed. For this reason, this study was to examine and assess motorcyclist perception towards safe riding regarding the road environments and other drivers’ attitude and behaviour. A survey by distributing questionnaires among motorcyclists in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah was conducted and was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) tools. It found that most motorcyclists, regardless of their demographic and riding background, perceive that poor road conditions such as road surface defects and slippery roads highly affect their safe motorcycling. Besides that, there was no statistically significant difference between motorcyclists’ perceptions of positive and negative attitudes and behaviour. These findings also guide the development of any road safety initiatives and strategies, as well as for future studies specifically related to motorcycle concerns.
The evaluation of crumb rubber as a filler in asphalt mixture to against moisture sensitivity
Authors: Aman MY , Taher M N M , Shahadan Z , Rohani M M , Daniel DB , Bujang H , Ahmad Termida N , Arumugam TN 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In Malaysia, road pavements are frequently damaged by the accumulation of water on the surface caused by heavy rain, due to the humid climate. The presence of water within the asphaltic concrete mixture particles may impede their workability. Exposure towards natural phenomenon such as rain can be the main cause related to the presence of water inside the asphalt pavements. To improve road conditions for users, it is necessary to consider alternative road pavement designs. This study proposes using rubber crumb as modifier as its water-impermeable characteristic will be able to enhance the performance of standard asphalt mixtures to reduce asphalt mixtures moisture sensitivity. Subsequently, the Marshall Mix Design method was utilized to conduct Indirect Tensile Strength tests in order to achieve the objectives of this study. A total of 16 samples were prepared for this study, comprising of standard asphaltic combinations as well as asphaltic mixtures with different percentages of crumb rubber (0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) relative to the overall weight of the asphalt mixtures. In comparison to the typical way of asphaltic mixture, the sample that utilized crumb rubber as a modifier had a substantially greater value of strength based on the Indirect Tensile Strength Test results. As expected from the findings of the study, the presents of water in asphalt mixtures reduces the asphalt mixtures strength and workability. To conclude, incorporating crumb rubber in asphalt mixtures enhances their effectiveness in resisting moisture sensitivity.
Performance of coconut fiber as bitumen modifier in asphalt mixture influence to fatigue resistance
Authors: Zulkafli Azril Zafran , Yunus Khairul Nizam Mohd , Kamaruddin Nurul Hidayah Mohd , Suhandri H.F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of the most prevalent challenges faced in road construction is pavement distresses produced by ageing asphalt pavement, which resulted in fatigue cracking. Fatigue cracking is regarded as one of the primary failure types when the tension in the bituminous layer is low due to high vehicle traffic load repetition. The study focuses on evaluating the performance of coconut fiber as modifier in bitumen penetration grade 60/70. The addition of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% were used in this study to determine the effect on asphalt mixture. Indirect tensile fatigue test were conducted to determine the life cycle of the sample. The result showed that the increasing percentage of coconut fiber will improve the bitumen physical properties and increased the life cycle of asphalt mixture. In this study, 1% coconut fiber produced the best result. In conclusion, the addition of coconut fiber into bitumen can improve the performance of asphalt mixture in term of fatigue resistance.
Stiffness evaluation of Forta Fibre Reinforced Asphalt Concrete (FRAC) mixture under different pulse repetition load
Authors: Taher M. N. M , Aman M. Y. , Bujang H. , Rusli H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pavement structure can be designed either as a flexible or a rigid pavement based on its structural behaviour, with flexible pavements being frequently favored due to its advantages. One of the major problems that normally occurred in road construction was pavement distresses due to the quality of the materials. Numerous studies were carried out to explore sustainable ways to improve the pavement performance especially on modification of the asphaltic concrete in construction phases. This paper investigates the effect of Forta-Fi fiber on stiffness performance of hot mix asphalt mixture (HMA). In this respect, conventional asphalt binder grade 60/70 and Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size (NMAS) 12.5mm were used in the preparation of asphalt mixture specimens as specified in Superpave mix design method. Performance of modified samples incorporating 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% of total mixture were evaluated for resilient modulus accordance to ASTM D4123 using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The samples were tested at 25°C and 40°C with pulse repetition period 1000ms, 2000ms and 3000ms to simulate low, medium and high volume of traffic. As a result, the resilient modulus values of modified asphalt mixture improved 38% with 0.3% additive of Forta-Fi at 25°C with 3000ms pulse repetition period, while at 40°C with 3000ms pulse repetition period improved 23% with 0.5% additive of Forta-Fi. Based on these studies, the addition of fibers reinforcement into the asphalt mixture has a significant effect on resilient modulus of fibers reinforced asphalt mixture.
Simulation of 2D ground movement due to tunnel excavation using Finite Element Method (FEM)
Authors: Yian Bong Jia , Talib Zaihasra Abu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sustainability in construction of tunnel is very important to reduce environmental impact and also minimal use of earth resources. Therefore, numerical modelling is proposing at design stage to achieved this objective. To evaluate the changes in soil settlements during tunnel excavation, empirical, analytical, and numerical methods have been frequently applied movement research and the numerical method is effective in anticipating possible underground excavation scenarios. This paper describes the project on prediction of 2D ground movement due to the tunnel excavation by using Finite Element Method via ADONIS with the soil properties data from certain soil section of Goose Creek Tunnel project. The tunnel is in horse-shoe shape and typically be 1.8 m wide by 2.2 m tall. However, in this paper, the tunnel is assumed as a circular tunnel with diameter 2.2 m. This paper is focus on the effects of the constitutive soil models. The influence of type of soil model to the ground settlement is investigated and discussed. The simulation is confirmed by comparing the output of the settlement with manual calculation. The findings prove the Plastic Hardening (PH) model is more suitable in modelling ground movement due to tunnel excavation. By designing a tunnelling structure with a low prediction error, the engineers can build the most efficient tunnel.
The effects of coconut shell ash admixed with lime in variation to curing time for road construction
Authors: Ramli R. , Masari M. H. A. , Idrus J. , Mansor S. , Albar A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Poor subgrade soil conditions might cause insufficient pavement support and shorten the life of the pavement. The addition of chemical or cementation additives to subgrade soils can help pavement to perform better. Chemical additives can be anything from waste to manufactured components like lime and coconut shell ash (CSA). These additives can be used to improve the qualities of a of soils. The efficiency of these additives is determined by the type of soil treated and the amount of additive used. Therefore, this research investigated the properties of expansive clay soil when stabilized by lime and CSA. The physical properties tests were carried out on the natural soil sample for identification and classification; and later, the mechanical properties tests were performed on the soil sample namely California Bearing Ratio (CBR). All the tests were performed in accordance to BS 1377 (1990). The soil sample was added with lime in a constant quantity of 6%, while CSA was added in proportions of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% from the total weigh of admixed sample. The constant lime percentage of 6% was used for stabilization as it recorded the highest CBR value during testing. The highest percentage of lime-CSA mixture was achieved at Variation 2 (6% lime + 4% CSA) for 4, 7, and 28 days as the highest value of soaked CBR was observed at this stage. Thus, it is proven that treating expansive soil with CSA combined with lime enhances it strength.
Peat soil improvement using cement and quarry dust
Authors: Jumien Nur Latifah , Talib Mohd Khaidir Abu , Yusoff Mohammad Nasrul Mohd , Wahab Norhaliza 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Peat soil is one of the soil types available in Malaysia, which has a high compressibility and low shear strength. Thus, peat is considered inappropriate to support a construction site in its natural state. Among the methods suitable for the stabilization of peat soil is using a cement. However, the quantity of cement required in peat stabilization is quite large and made this method not too environmentally friendly due to carbon dioxide, CO2 emission from the cement production. Therefore, in this study, quarry dusts are used to partially substitute to ordinary Portland cement in peat soil stabilization. Quarry dusts were expected to potentially act as a pozzolan (containing cementitious properties to replace cement). Laboratory testing to determine the physical, chemical and mechanical properties were carried out to investigate the strength, acidity and the microstructure of the treated and untreated peat soil. For mechanical properties, Unconfined Compressive Strength test (UCS), was conducted to determine the peat soil strength., Chemical and microstructure (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX)) tests were carried out to assess the mechanism of strength gain in the stabilized peat soil. The results obtained show that by partially replacing the cement with 5% quarry dust, the soil strength increases from 47 to 684 kN/m2, which suitable for low loading construction such as car park area and outdoor sport court. The microstructural results also show PC and PCQ5 increases the calcium, Ca and decreases the carbon dioxide, which has an effect on increasing strength and decreasing the soil acidity.
Home modifications to improve accessibility of children with Cerebral Palsy in Malaysia
Authors: Halimi N H , Nawawi N M , Aripin S 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe physical environment in homes plays a crucial part in accessibility to persons with disabilities from all angles. This includes persons with cerebral palsy (CP), a common childhood disability that affects many children worldwide. Currently it is estimated that 2 to 3 babies in every 1000 births globally are born with CP due to the injury to the brain that occurred during pregnancy, birth, or early years of life. Subsequently, the physical environment of children with cerebral palsy is frequently inaccessible. The objective of this study is to identify to what extent modifications are made in existing homes to improve accessibility and promote independence in children with cerebral palsy. An online survey via Google Form was disseminated to parents of children with CP with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Levels II, III and IV. From a total of 41 participating respondents, only nine respondents reported they had made modifications in their homes to improve their child’s accessibility. Those who were unable to make modifications faced obstacles such as cost, the inability to make changes to rented property and lack of urgency. Many studies conclude that the accessibility of the physical environment in homes of children with cerebral palsy is essential for promoting children’s independence. The study also informed that the modification would assist other physical disabilities, such as the ageing population and individuals with physical impairments. Therefore, this study suggests additional design strategies to incorporate requirements for children with cerebral palsy into the existing Malaysian Standard (MS) 1184: 2014 – Universal Design and accessibility in the built environment – Code of Practice reference and more incentives from the government, such as financial assistance to help ease the burden of home modification for the physically disabled.
Effects of natural ventilation on indoor thermal comfort in a residential house constructed with reinforced concrete wall
Authors: Choong X Y , Zakaria M A , Yasin M N , Hanipah M H , Alexson L Y L , Lee Y H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of natural ventilation on the thermal performance of a double-story end-lot unit residential house constructed with reinforced concrete walls and structure in Kluang, Johor. Field measurement was conducted in the master bedroom of the house. Five ventilation cases were investigated which are night ventilation (case 1), no ventilation (case 2), day ventilation (case 3), day ventilation with fan (case 4), and night ventilation with fan (case 5). The measured data were indoor air temperature, outdoor air temperature, indoor relative humidity, outdoor relative humidity, and globe temperature. Then, the thermal comfort assessment was conducted based on the adaptive thermal comfort equation for hot-humid climate for all cases. The results show that the mean indoor temperature for all cases is in the range of 29°C to 31.5°C which indicates a high indoor air temperature. Furthermore, the analysis of air temperature difference between outdoor and indoor (out-in) for different natural ventilation modes showed that the indoor thermal conditions of the master bedroom were not significantly different when compared between cases. In the thermal comfort assessment, the night ventilation case (case 1) provided the most comfortable hours during the measurement with a range of 11 to 35.4 %, thanks to the lower outdoor climate conditions at night compared to the other cases. Overall, in this study, the effect of natural ventilation modes on the indoor thermal condition of a master bedroom in a residential house with concrete walls and structures was found not significantly different in the performance of air temperature reduction and comfort hour improvement when compared between cases.
A thermal response in architecture: Case study (Malaysian residential)
Authors: Zulkeply N , Sidik Md Sidik , Chuen C C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aims to create an awareness of the indoor and outdoor thermal conditions of a design and how design influences the outcome of as a responsive design. The desirable and undesirable thermal conditions are considered, and an analysis of the cause-and-effect is discussed. While thermal conditions, and its cause-and-effect considerations may be directed to any building, achieving an ideal solution requires careful integration of thermal comfort principles. Refinement through the understanding of thermal comfort principles can achieve significant energy saving without necessarily sacrificing functionality or aesthetics. Precedent studies are being discussed to see the benefits and usage of the materials based on the intention of the design and the function of the space that would impact the indoor quality environment. Based of field observation, data collection and result analysis, solutions are proposed to two different local residential buildings. Key finding shows different design factors, materials and operative conditions can influence the thermal performances of buildings. This analysis may help to improve energy efficiency in built environment and to be used for further study in thermal response in architecture while investigating new ways to design building walls that could possibly be modularized in the future with both external and internal design considerations. This intention is to be further explored with first the basic understandings of layering of materials before the simulations into the spaces.