bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two independent loss‐of‐function mutations in anthocyanidin synthase homeologous genes are responsible for the all‐green phenotype of sweet basil
Authors: Gonda Itay , Abu‐Abied Mohamad , Adler Chen , Milavski Renana , Tal Ofir , Davidovich‐Rikanati Rachel , Faigenboim Adi , Kahane‐Achinoam Tali , Shachter Alona , Chaimovitsh David , Dudai Nativ 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L., is an important culinary herb grown worldwide. Although basil is green, many landraces, breeding lines, and exotic cultivars have purple stems and flowers. This anthocyanin pigmentation is unacceptable in traditional Italian basil used for Pesto sauce production. In the current study, we aimed to resolve the genetics that underlines the different colors. We used the recently published sweet basil genome to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flower and stem color in a bi‐parental F2 population. It was found that the pigmentation is governed by a single QTL, harboring an anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene (EC 1.14.20.4). Further analysis revealed that the basil genome harbors two homeologous ANS genes, each carrying a loss‐of‐function mutation. ObANS1 carries a single base pair insertion resulting in a frameshift, and ObANS2 carries a missense mutation within the active site. In the purple‐flower parent, ANS1 is functional, and ANS2 carries a nonsense mutation. The functionality of the ObANS1 active allele was validated by complementation assay in an Arabidopsis ANS mutant. Moreover, we have restored the functionality of the missense‐mutated ObANS2 using site‐directed activation. We found that the non‐functional alleles were expressed to similar levels as the functional allele, suggesting polyploids invest futile effort in expressing non‐functional genes, offsetting their advantageous redundancy. This work demonstrated the usefulness of the genomics and genetics of basil to understand the basic mechanism of metabolic traits and raise fundamental questions in polyploid plant biology.
How governance boundaries affect regional collaboration on atmospheric governance—Evidence from China's Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Suo Liming , Li Xue , Cao Shuai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRegional public affairs will become more complex when contradictions emerge between administrative boundaries and policy issues that require cross‐boundary collaboration. Breaking administrative boundaries has become a prerequisite for facilitating inter‐local government collaboration. This study categorizes governance boundaries into the administrative boundary and the ecology‐based policy boundary and then examines how these two governance boundaries and their interactive relationship contribute to the intergovernmental collaboration network in China's regional atmospheric governance (RAG). Using data on the atmospheric governance collaboration from 30 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2013 to 2018, we employ the MR‐QAP model to find that cities within the same administrative boundary are more likely to collaborate and cities within the ecology‐based policy boundary, compared with those beyond, are more likely to collaborate but with a lagging effect. Ecology‐based policy boundary has a positive but lagging moderating effect on the contribution of the administrative boundary to the formation of intergovernmental collaboration networks.
Associations between age of menarche, early sexual debut and high‐risk sexual behaviour among urban Tanzanian schoolgirls: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Whitworth Hilary S. , Baisley Kathy J. , Nnko Soori , Irani Julia , Aguirre‐Beltran Aura , Changalucha John , Crucitti Tania , Francis Suzanna , Hashim Ramadhan , Hansen Christian Holm , Hayes Richard J. , Buvé Anne , Watson‐Jones Deborah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional survey aimed to explore associations between age of menarche, early sexual debut and high‐risk sexual behaviour among urban Tanzanian schoolgirls.MethodsSecondary schoolgirls aged 17–18 years from Mwanza, Tanzania, participated in structured face‐to‐face questionnaire‐based interviews, conducted by nurses and clinicians. Age of menarche was evaluated in categories of 11–12, 13–14, 15–16 or ≥17 years. Primary outcome measures were self‐reported early sexual debut (first vaginal sex at <16 years) and high‐risk sexual behaviour, including non‐use of condoms, having sex for gifts/money, having older sexual partners and/or other risky behaviours.ResultsOf 401 girls enrolled, 174 (43.4%) reported prior vaginal sex. Prevalence of early sexual debut was 14.2% but pressured/forced sex and risky sexual behaviours were common. Adjusted for potential confounding, younger age at menarche was associated with early sexual debut (adjusted odds ratio for linear trend: 1.88 per category, 95% confidence interval: 1.21–2.92, p = 0.005). This association remained after excluding girls with first sex at <8 years or experiencing pressure or force at first sex. Further, adjusted for potential confounding (including ever experiencing forced sex), early sexual debut was associated with high‐risk sexual behaviour (adjusted odds ratio: 2.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.38–5.88, p = 0.004).ConclusionsAmong urban Tanzanian school girls, younger age of menarche was associated with early sexual debut, and early sexual debut was associated with high‐risk sexual behaviour. Researchers and public health professionals developing and delivering interventions aimed at preventing adverse sexual health outcomes should consider the impact of these early biological and sexual exposures.
How Do Microalgae Biodiesel Blends Affect the Acoustic and Vibration Characteristics of the Direct Injection Diesel Engine: An Experimental Examination
Authors: Prabhu L. , Dhanalakshmi K. , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Sołowski Gaweł , Veeman Dhinakaran 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The noise and vibration characteristics play a vital role in the effectiveness of engine operations and performance of internal combustion engines. Accumulation of the higher amplitude of both noise and vibration affects the comfort of the engine. So far, most of the research done on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics only. Less importance is shown in the form engine vibration and sounds created by the engine operation. This paper presents and explores the importance and experimental results of noise and vibration by the compression ignition diesel engine with the fuels of diesel and microalgae biodiesel. The produced microalgae biodiesel blends were SMB10%, SMB20%, and SMB30%. The experimental results were conducted at different engine loads varying across 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The inline, four-cylinder, water-cooled, and naturally aspirated DI diesel engine was used as an experimental setup. From the comparative results between the diesel and microalgae biodiesel, it is found that the use of microalgae blended biodiesel reduced the noise and vibration. The higher the percentage of blends, the greater the reduction in sound and vibration will be. Apart from possessing the performance and emission qualities, the microalgae biodiesel blends proved to be an efficient fuel in reduced vibration and noise qualities too. In three directions, the vibrations were measured as lateral, longitudinal, and vertical vibrations. The vibration in the lateral direction was significantly reduced. Compelling the results, it is understood that the use of the microalgae blends can be sustainable from the perspective of engine wear and tear.
Vibration Analysis of a Nonlinear Absorber Coupled to a Hand-Held Impact Machine
Authors: Alabi Oreoluwa , Gupta Sunit Kumar , Barry Oumar R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Exposure of human hands to harmful levels of vibration can lead to severe injuries. To attenuate these hand transmitted vibrations, a nonlinear vibration absorber inerter (NVAI) is proposed in this work. The proposed NVAI is attached to a coupled nonlinear system of a hand-held impact machine and a hand-arm system. The combined coupled nonlinear system is modeled as a lumped parameter model with a combination of cubic and linear stiffness components, linear viscous dampers, and lumped masses. The governing equations of motion are solved analytically using the method of harmonic balance and validated using numerical simulations. A numerical bifurcation diagram of the system reveals the existence of complex solutions such as quasi-periodic and chaotic attractors. The appearances of quasi-periodic and chaotic attractors are later confirmed by Lyapunov exponents. Further, we explore the ability of the proposed NVAI to decrease the area corresponding to unstable quasi-periodic and chaotic motion in the excitation amplitude–frequency space. This observation further implies the delay in the onset of quasi-periodic and chaotic motion for a range of forcing amplitude using Lyapunov exponents. Finally, parametric analyses are carried out to identify the critical design parameters of the NVAI. These analyses reveal that an increase in the damping, mass, and inertance of the absorber ameliorates the performance of the NVAI. Furthermore, the critical value of the external excitation, corresponding to a sudden change in the response of the system, can be controlled using an appropriate selection of absorber parameters.
Return to sport following low-risk and high-risk bone stress injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoenig Tim , Eissele Julian , Strahl André , Popp Kristin L , Stürznickel Julian , Ackerman Kathryn E , Hollander Karsten , Warden Stuart J , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Tenforde Adam S , Rolvien Tim 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveBone stress injuries (BSIs) are classified in clinical practice as being at low- or high-risk for complication based on the injury location. However, this dichotomous approach has not been sufficiently validated. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the prognostic role of injury location on return-to-sport (RTS) and treatment complications after BSI of the lower extremity and pelvis.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases were searched from database inception to December 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPeer-reviewed studies that reported site-specific RTS of BSIs in athletes.ResultsSeventy-six studies reporting on 2974 BSIs were included. Sixteen studies compared multiple injury sites, and most of these studies (n=11) described the anatomical site of injury as being prognostic for RTS or the rate of treatment complication. Pooled data revealed the longest time to RTS for BSIs of the tarsal navicular (127 days; 95% CI 102 to 151 days) and femoral neck (107 days; 95% CI 79 to 135 days) and shortest duration of time for BSIs of the posteromedial tibial shaft (44 days, 95% CI 27 to 61 days) and fibula (56 days; 95% CI 13 to 100 days). Overall, more than 90% of athletes successfully returned to sport. Treatment complication rate was highest in BSIs of the femoral neck, tarsal navicular, anterior tibial shaft and fifth metatarsal; and lowest in the fibula, pubic bone and posteromedial tibial shaft.ConclusionThis systematic review supports that the anatomical site of BSIs influences RTS timelines and the risk of complication. BSIs of the femoral neck, anterior tibial shaft and tarsal navicular are associated with increased rates of complications and more challenging RTS.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021232351.
Impact of computerised provider order entry on the quality and quantity of clinical information included with investigation requests: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Weiand Daniel , Cullerton Caroline , Oxley Robert , Plummer Chris J 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionRelevant clinical information is vital to inform the analytical and interpretative phases of most investigations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of implementation of computerised provider order entry (CPOE), featuring order-specific electronic order entry forms (eOEFs), on the quality and quantity of clinical information included with investigation requests.MethodsThe CPOE module of a commercially available electronic health record (Cerner Millennium) was implemented at a large, tertiary care centre. The laboratory information management system was interrogated to collect data on specimens sent for microbiological culture 1 year before implementation of CPOE (2018), immediately post implementation (2019) and 6 months post implementation (2020). An interrupted time series analysis was performed, using text mining, to evaluate the quality and quantity of free-text clinical information.ResultsIn total, 39 919 specimens were collected from 16 458 patients. eOEFs were used to place 10 071 out of 13 735 orders in 2019 (73.3%), and 9155 out of 12 229 orders in 2020 (74.9%). No clinical details were included with 653 out of 39 919 specimens (1.6%), of which 22 (3.4%) were ordered using eOEFs. The median character count increased from 14 in 2018, to 41 in 2019, and 38 in 2020. An anti-infective agent was specified in 581 out of 13 955 requests (4.2%) in 2018; 5545 out of 13 735 requests (40.4%) in 2019; and 5215 out of 12 229 requests (42.6%) in 2020. Ciprofloxacin or piperacillin-tazobactam (Tazocin) were mentioned in the clinical details included with 421 out of 15 335 urine culture requests (2.7%), of which 406 (96.3%) were ordered using eOEFs. Subsequent detection of in vitro non-susceptibility led to a change in anti-infective therapy for five patients.ConclusionsImplementation of CPOE, featuring order-specific eOEFs, significantly and sustainably improves the quality and quantity of clinical information included with investigation requests, resulting in changes to patient management that would not otherwise have occurred.
ON SOME METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF INTERACTING POPULATIONS
Authors: VENTURINO EZIO , CARIDI YURI , ANJOS VITÓRIA DOS , D’ANCONA GIULIA 
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we focus on some important aspects of model building. The discussion specifically concerns the case of predator–prey interactions. We introduce here two models whose slight difference lies just in the way predators survive. In the former, they are taken to feed only on the modeled prey, i.e., to be specialists; in the second one, they are generalists, i.e., they can survive on other not explicitly modeled food resources. But our main focus is on the prey, that may disappear due to the Allee effect, if reduced to very low numbers. On the other hand, they also exhibit herd behavior. Our main aim is the discussion of the issues of mathematical modeling of such situation. We show on this example that modeling requires much more than equations patching from different systems. The analysis of the models indicates that the ecosystem may collapse in the case of specialist predators. If the predators have other feeding resources, they instead can thrive. Both types of models exhibit bistability between the prey-free state and coexistence.
On the investigation of chiral solitons via modified new Kudryashov method
Authors: Ozisik Muslum , Secer Aydin , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study includes the examination of the cases where the [Formula: see text]-dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation also has Bohm potential. This review is not to obtain different soliton solutions for both cases but to obtain a certain type of soliton and to observe the effect of the problem parameters. By using the modified new Kudryashovs scheme. This observation also includes how the soliton behavior is effective by comparing the [Formula: see text]-dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation (C-NLSE) and [Formula: see text]-dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Bohm potential (C-NLSE-BP), especially by examining the Bohm potential parameter.Methodology: In order to apply the proposed analytical method which is the modified Kudryasovs scheme (m-NKM), as in many studies, the nonlinear partial ordinary differential equation (NLPDE) is first converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equation form (NLODE) by using wave transform. Then, in order to determine which degree the solution function to be proposed will be, the balancing constant is calculated. The next step is to determine the unknown parameters of the problem by applying the m-NKM on NODE, obtaining solution sets, and combine the solution of the Riccati equation, which is the basis of the method, with the proposed solution function and wave transform. Obtaining the optical solution by providing the main NLPDE is the next step that follows this stage. The final stage is the graphical analysis and interpretation of the parameter effect for both problems using the obtained solution function.Findings: The examination of the case with and without Bohm potential was carried out on the behavior of the bright soliton shape, which is one of the basic soliton shapes that many effects can be clearly studied on it. It was successfully shown that both equation parameters and the Bohm potential had a significant effect on the soliton behavior, graphical presentations were made and interpreted in detail.Originality: Such an examination has not been studied before in the literature for the investigated equations.
SASA: A Scalable and Automatic Stencil Acceleration Framework for Optimized Hybrid Spatial and Temporal Parallelism on HBM-based FPGAs
Authors: Tian Xingyu , Ye Zhifan , Lu Alec , Guo Licheng , Chi Yuze , Fang Zhenman 
Published: January 2023

Stencil computation is one of the fundamental computing patterns in many application domains such as scientific computing and image processing. While there are promising studies that accelerate stencils on FPGAs, there lacks an automated acceleration framework to systematically explore both spatial and temporal parallelisms for iterative stencils that could be either computation-bound or memory-bound. In this article, we present SASA, a scalable and automatic stencil acceleration framework on modern HBM-based FPGAs. SASA takes the high-level stencil DSL and FPGA platform as inputs, automatically exploits the best spatial and temporal parallelism configuration based on our accurate analytical model, and generates the optimized FPGA design with the best parallelism configuration in TAPA high-level synthesis C++ as well as its corresponding host code. Compared to state-of-the-art automatic stencil acceleration framework SODA that only exploits temporal parallelism, SASA achieves an average speedup of 3.41× and up to 15.73× speedup on the HBM-based Xilinx Alveo U280 FPGA board for a wide range of stencil kernels.
Approximation Schemes for Capacitated Vehicle Routing on Graphs of Bounded Treewidth, Bounded Doubling, or Highway Dimension
Authors: Jayaprakash Aditya , Salavatipour Mohammad R. 
Published: February 2023

In this article, we present Approximation Schemes for Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) on several classes of graphs. In CVRP, introduced by Dantzig and Ramser in 1959 [
14
], we are given a graph
G=(V,E)
with metric edges costs, a depot
r
∈
V
, and a vehicle of bounded capacity
Q
. The goal is to find a minimum cost collection of tours for the vehicle that returns to the depot, each visiting at most
Q
nodes, such that they cover all the nodes. This generalizes classic TSP and has been studied extensively. In the more general setting, each node
v
has a demand

d
v

and the total demand of each tour must be no more than
Q
. Either the demand of each node must be served by one tour (unsplittable) or can be served by multiple tours (splittable). The best-known approximation algorithm for general graphs has ratio α +2(1-ε) (for the unsplittable) and α +1-ε (for the splittable) for some fixed

\(&#x03B5; \gt \frac{1}{3000}\)

, where α is the best approximation for TSP. Even for the case of trees, the best approximation ratio is 4/3 [
5
] and it has been an open question if there is an approximation scheme for this simple class of graphs. Das and Mathieu [
15
] presented an approximation scheme with time
n

log
O(1/ε)
n

for Euclidean plane ℝ
2
. No other approximation scheme is known for any other class of metrics (without further restrictions on
Q
). In this article, we make significant progress on this classic problem by presenting Quasi-Polynomial Time Approximation Schemes (QPTAS) for graphs of bounded treewidth, graphs of bounded highway dimensions, and graphs of bounded doubling dimensions. For comparison, our result implies an approximation scheme for the Euclidean plane with run time

n

O(log
6
n/ε
5
)

.
Estimating Software Functional Size via Machine Learning
Authors: Lavazza Luigi , Locoro Angela , Liu Geng , Meli Roberto 
Published: January 2023

Measuring software functional size via standard Function Points Analysis (FPA) requires the availability of fully specified requirements and specific competencies. Most of the time, the need to measure software functional size occurs well in advance with respect to these ideal conditions, under the lack of complete information or skilled experts. To work around the constraints of the official measurement process, several estimation methods for FPA have been proposed and are commonly used. Among these, the International Function Points User Group (IFPUG) has adopted the “High-level FPA” method (also known as the NESMA method). This method avoids weighting each data and transaction function by using fixed weights instead. Applying High-level FPA, or similar estimation methods, is faster and easier than carrying out the official measurement process but inevitably yields an approximation in the measures. In this article, we contribute to the problem of estimating software functional size measures by using machine learning. To the best of our knowledge, machine learning methods were never applied to the early estimation of software functional size. Our goal is to understand whether machine learning techniques yield estimates of FPA measures that are more accurate than those obtained with High-level FPA or similar methods. An empirical study on a large dataset of functional size predictors was carried out to train and test three of the most popular and robust machine learning methods, namely Random Forests, Support Vector Regression , and Neural Networks. A systematic experimental phase, with cycles of dataset filtering and splitting, parameter tuning, and model training and validation, is presented. The estimation accuracy of the obtained models was then evaluated and compared to that of fixed-weight models (e.g., High-level FPA) and linear regression models, also using a second dataset as the test set. We found that Support Vector Regression yields quite accurate estimation models. However, the obtained level of accuracy does not appear significantly better with respect to High-level FPA or to models built via ordinary least squares regression. Noticeably, fairly good accuracy levels were obtained by models that do not even require discerning among different types of transactions and data.