bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Electromagnetic Device with On‐Off Heterointerface for Intelligent Switching Between Wave‐Absorption and Wave‐Transmission
Authors: Pan Fei , Pei Ke , Chen Gang , Guo Hongtao , Jiang Haojie , Che Renchao , Lu Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntelligent electromagnetic wave absorbers (IEAs) are in high demand due to their dynamic electromagnetic parameters that can adapt to the complex and volatile application environments of the current 5G era. Despite of this, there is currently a lack of research on the convertible electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption mode (switching between wave‐absorption and wave‐transmission) and their integrated design with external physical stimulations, so that the electromagnetic device will realize intelligent switching in any conditions. In this work, a V2C‐VO2(M) heterostructure that exhibits a reversible metal–insulator transition at the temperature of 62 °C is fabricated via oxidation of MXene. The heterostructures demonstrate near wave‐transmission characteristics at 25 °C while wave‐absorption behavior with wide effective absorption bandwidth (4.04 GHz) at 70 °C. VO2(M) exhibits stronger intrinsic conductivity after phase transition, and the “on‐off” heterostructure between V2C and VO2 lead to poor/strong local conductive network and interfacial polarization in 25/70 °C, thus creating “quantized” dielectric loss. Furthermore, a multilayered electromagnetic functional device is developed to facilitate the absorber's phase transition temperature at a voltage of 17.5 V. This work presents promising opportunities of the V2C‐VO2(M) heterostructure for various applications, including radar stealth, portable stealth suits, signal regulation, and deicing.
Roles of Alkali Metals tert‐Butoxide as Catalysts and Activators in Organic Transformations
Authors: Patel Chandresh K. , Banerjee Sourav , Kant Kamal , Sengupta Ragini , Aljaar Nayyef , Malakar Chandi C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe alkali metal tert‐butoxides have found wide application as catalysts and activators for the conversion of numerous organic molecules. These formidable additives in catalytic amounts are extensively employed in the transition metal‐free approaches to serve for the single‐electron transfer processes towards the formation of C−C and C‐heteroatom bond formation. This review elucidates their multifaceted roles encompassing a series of novel synthetic methodologies, in‐depth analyses of their reactivity patterns, and catalytic efficiencies across a myriad of reactions. The involvement of alkali metal tert‐butoxides either directly or in combination with other metals as catalysts are discussed along with the detailed mechanistic pathways in various reactions. Overall, this article summarises approximately all reactions those have been influenced by the catalytic amounts of tert‐butoxides and reported in the last decades.
Investigation of High‐Power Spatiotemporal Mode‐Locking with High Beam Quality
Authors: Zhang Huaiwei , Lu Jiayu , Peng Jiying , Xiao Xiaosheng , Xu Guoyu , Zhang Yunhong , Su Xinyang , Sun Tianran , Zheng Kai , Zheng Yi , Yao Jianquan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe developed spatiotemporal mode‐locked (STML) laser has emerged as an effective platform for investigating high‐dimensional nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamics. Additionally, it offers a novel avenue for the design of fiber oscillators capable of operating at high power levels. At present, the focus of STML laser research primarily revolves around this aspect. However, considering practical applications, there is a strong desire to conceive a simple all‐fiber STML oscillator with both high beam quality and high power. In this study, an all‐fiber, high‐power STML oscillator based on multimode fibers is constructed and investigated. By manipulating the pump power and the polarization state, the laser could operate in a dissipative soliton or noise‐like pulse regime, both with average output powers of two operation states reaching the Watt level. Simultaneously, high‐quality output beam profiles are observed in both operation states. To the best of knowledge, this is the first demonstration of high‐power spatiotemporal mode‐locking with high beam quality. The study holds great benefits for advancing the investigations of compact all‐fiber STML lasers which deliver high‐power outputs with superior beam quality and ultimately propels the application of STML lasers. Furthermore, this study contributes to the understanding of the behavior of STML lasers with high power.
A Simple and Effective Physical Ball‐Milling Strategy to Prepare Super‐Tough and Stretchable PVA@MXene@PPy Hydrogel for Flexible Capacitive Electronics
Authors: Qin Zipeng , Zhao Gang , Zhang Yaoyang , Gu Zhiheng , Tang Yuhan , Aladejana John Tosin , Ren Junna , Jiang Yunhong , Guo Zhanhu , Peng Xiangfang , Zhang Xuehua , Xu Ben Bin , Chen Tingjie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiomimetic flexible electronics for E‐skin have received increasing attention, due to their ability to sense various movements. However, the development of smart skin‐mimic material remains a challenge. Here, a simple and effective approach is reported to fabricate super‐tough, stretchable, and self‐healing conductive hydrogel consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, and polypyrrole (PPy) (PMP hydrogel). The MXene nanosheets and Fe3+ serve as multifunctional cross‐linkers and effective stress transfer centers, to facilitate a considerable high conductivity, super toughness, and ultra‐high stretchability (elongation up to 4300%) for the PMP hydrogel with. The hydrogels also exhibit rapid self‐healing and repeatable self‐adhesive capacity because of the presence of dynamic borate ester bond. The flexible capacitive strain sensor made by PMP hydrogel shows a relatively broad range of strain sensing (up to 400%), with a self‐healing feature. The sensor can precisely monitor various human physiological signals, including joint movements, facial expressions, and pulse waves. The PMP hydrogel‐based supercapacitor is demonstrated with a high capacitance retention of ≈92.83% and a coulombic efficiency of ≈100%.
Performance evaluation of downhole oil–water separators in wells that use DWL technique using computational fluid dynamics: influence of velocities and flow rates
Authors: Buhamad Ahmad , Saeedi Dehaghani Amir Hossein 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA major issue in many oil fields is the production of undesirable water from oil wells. One of the most important causes of unwanted water is water coning. This phenomenon may be leading to a decreasing oil production rate, an increasing water cut, and consequently high production costs. Downhole water loop (DWL) is a relatively new and effective technique to control water coning. Even though many studies have shown how effective the DWL approach is in reducing the problem of water cones, the issue of oil droplets escaping the drainage zone might damage the injection area and perhaps cause blockage. It is suggested to use the downhole oil–water separator (DOWS) approach to separate oil droplets from the water stream based on the difference in densities. This article gives a numerical analysis of DOWS in two stages. In order to confirm that the simulator could faithfully simulate this sort of separator, the findings of the employed simulator were first compared with the preceding analytical solutions. Then the impact of inlet velocities and flow rates was discussed numerically for seven scenarios in the second stage. The results showed that a high inlet velocity encourages the formation of oil droplets as a result of the mixture stream colliding with the separator walls, whereas a low inlet velocity produced undesirable results because the oil droplets remained dispersed in the water stream (the separation efficiency was 30.6% less than the high-velocity condition). In the following case, a novel design based on expanding the mixture input area and changing the mixture inlet and outlet points was presented to lessen the impact of mixture inlet velocity. The separation efficiency was improved by 38.65% as a result of this approach. Finally, the discussion's findings about the effect of mixture flow rates at the separator's inlet and upper outlet showed that the inlet rate has a bigger impact on separator performance than the upper outlet rate. The outcomes of this research and the numerical models can be utilized to enhance the system-level design, better understand this kind of separator, and increase its efficacy.
Comparison of prediction of biogas yield in a batch mode underground fixed dome digester with cow dung
Authors: Obileke KeChrist , Tangwe Stephen , Makaka Golden , Mukumba Patrick 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to compare the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) and multilinear regression (MLR) model used to predict the performance of biogas in a batch-mode underground fixed dome biogas digester. In this study, 50 experimental datasets were used to assess the rate of biogas production with developed ANN and MLR models. The six variables, including solar irradiance, relative humidity, slurry temperature, biogas temperature, pH, and ambient temperature, were selected as the input parameters or predictors of the model. Therefore, the developed ANN and MLR models were used to describe the rate of biogas yield. The study found that the determination coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) for ANN and MLR were 0.999/0.968 and 8.33 × 10−6/1.84 × 10−4, respectively. Both models were significant because of their high correlation between measured and predicted values of the biogas yield. However, the ANN performs better because of the smaller RMSE and higher R2 derived compared to the corresponding values of the MLR. The study proved that both the ANN and MLR can accurately predict the rate of biogas production but with better predictions obtained from ANN.
Cracking property and brittleness evaluation of granite under high-temperature true triaxial compression in geothermal systems
Authors: Liu Zaobao , Wang Chuan , Zhang Mingshan , Shao Jian-fu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCracking property and brittleness are critically important to the drillability of injection and production wells of enhanced geothermal systems. This paper is devoted to evaluating the cracking property and brittleness of the Gonghe granite under high-temperature true triaxial compression conditions through a series of laboratory tests. Thermal–mechanical coupled true triaxial compression tests were conducted on Gonghe granite samples under four representative temperatures (20 °C, 120 °C, 180 °C, and 240 °C) and three different minimum (5, 10, and 30 MPa) and intermediate (40, 60, and 75 MPa) principal stresses that correspond to the in-situ conditions of Gonghe geothermal reservoir. The strength, deformation, and cracking characteristics of the Gonghe granite are quantitatively evaluated from macro- to micro-scales based on the experimental results. Meanwhile, a novel brittleness index evaluation method considering both energy and failure surface roughness is proposed to accurately assess the brittleness strength of the Gonghe granite. We found that the strength of Gonghe granite is reduced by more than 20% when the temperature increases from room temperature to 240 °C. Higher temperature contributes to a smoother fracture surface and reduced brittleness of the Gonghe granite under thermal–mechanical coupled true triaxial compression. Our findings provide new insights for brittleness evaluation of the Gonghe granite formation and assist in efficient wells drilling design of enhanced geothermal systems.
Thymus × citriodorus: an Emerging Aromatic and Medicinal Hybrid Plant with Relevant Bioactive Potential
Authors: Oliveira Ana Sofia , Cavaleiro Carlos , Martinez-de-Oliveira José , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Ana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb., Lamiaceae, is an emerging aromatic and medicinal hybrid plant with a lemon-like aroma and a mild and sweet-floral odor, distinct from other species from the Thymus genus, a characteristic that makes it appealing for food-related industries. Still, its different chemical profile also makes it particularly interesting for industries in other sectors. This review aimed to clarify the value of Thymus × citriodorus for health or well-being applications, by systematizing information on its different bioactive properties, which are relevant for health-related applications. Information on the chemical composition of its volatile oil and different extracts and the factors that contributed to the variation of their major components were also addressed. Geraniol was reported as the major compound in volatile oils from this plant, with relative abundances varying widely. Extracts (water or hydroalcoholic) were chiefly characterized by the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenic acids. A wide variety of biologically significant activities were reported for the volatile oil and extracts of Thymus × citriodorus. This included antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities and cytoprotective effects on hepatic cells. Still, few studies address the hazardous/toxic effects on non-target organisms. Based on the reported bioactivities, the interest in Thymus × citriodorus goes beyond food-related applications. Further studies are still necessary to characterize this emerging hybrid plant for efficacy and safety of its preparations, thus promoting its value as raw material for industries in other fields, such as the cosmetic, perfumery, and pharmaceutical ones.
Graphical Abstract
Data Governance in a Trilemma: A Qualitative Analysis of Rights, Values, and Goals in Building Data Commons
Authors: Zygmuntowski Jan Oleszczuk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost of the discussions on data governance stress legal and technological aspects, while avoiding the discussion of power, stakeholder interests, and value. In order to move from formal debates to operational institution-building, we ask about the goals of data governance for different stakeholders and why data commons can be useful in achieving them. We discuss the evolution of data governance over time and cast light on the antagonism between three main goals of data governance: protecting fundamental rights, generating economic value and serving public interest. Given the necessity to navigate this conflicted political economy of data, we introduce the data governance trilemma (DGT) model. We turn to data commons as an institution capable of solving the collective action problem and negotiating acceptable configuration of the DGT goals. In order to operationalize data commons using DGT, we conducted workshops combining the critical success factors (CSFs) method with a deliberative Delphi technique. We find that the systemic configuration of data governance should be restructured towards data sovereignty, founded on institutional trust, protection of rights, and obligatory data sharing with the public interest in mind. Based on our results, we claim that unless we build data commons to steward data as a democratic medium, a lack of legitimization will riddle attempts to govern data better, and societal benefits will fail to manifest.
JUN-induced super-enhancer RNA forms R-loop to promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Jia Qunying , Tan Yuan , Li Yuejin , Wu Yao , Wang Jing , Tang Faqin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOncogenic super-enhancers (SEs) generate noncoding enhancer/SE RNAs (eRNAs/seRNAs) that exert a critical function in malignancy through powerful regulation of target gene expression. Herein, we show that a JUN-mediated seRNA can form R-loop to regulate target genes to promote metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A combination of global run-on sequencing, chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing, and RNA sequencing was used to screen seRNAs. A specific seRNA associated with NPC metastasis (seRNA-NPCM) was identified as a transcriptional regulator for N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1). JUN was found to regulate seRNA-NPCM through motif binding. seRNA-NPCM was elevated in NPC cancer tissues and highly metastatic cell lines, and promoted the metastasis of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the 3’ end of seRNA-NPCM hybridizes with the SE region to form an R-loop, and the middle segment of seRNA-NPCM binds to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R (hnRNPR) at the promoter of distal gene NDRG1 and neighboring gene tribbles pseudokinase 1 (TRIB1). These structures promote chromatin looping and long-distance chromatin interactions between SEs and promoters, thus facilitating NDRG1 and TRIB1 transcription. Furthermore, the clinical analyses showed that seRNA-NPCM and NDRG1 were independent prognostic factors for NPC patients. seRNA-NPCM plays a critical role in orchestrating target gene transcription to promote NPC metastasis.
Ultralow-field magnetocaloric materials for compact magnetic refrigeration
Authors: Liu Peng , Yuan Dongsheng , Dong Chao , Lin Gaoting , Víllora Encarnación G. , Qi Ji , Zhao Xinguo , Shimamura Kiyoshi , Ma Jie , Wang Junfeng , Zhang Zhidong , Li Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMagnetic refrigeration around the liquid-helium temperature plays a critical role in many technological sectors. Even if gallium gadolinium garnet (GGG) has been regarded as the benchmark, its application is highly limited by the small magnetic entropy changes, the requirement of superconducting magnets, and the large device sizes. Here, we report that LiREF4 (RE = rare earth) single crystals exhibit significantly superior magnetocaloric performance levels to commercial GGG. Under a small magnetic field of 5 kOe, which can be easily achieved by a permanent magnet, the magnetic entropy change reaches a record-high value of 16.7 J kg−1 K−1 in LiHoF4 in contrast to the value of 1.0 J kg−1 K−1 in GGG. The combination of small driving fields, large entropy changes, and excellent thermal and/or magnetic reversibility enables this series to be employed as the ideal working material for compact magnetic refrigeration around the liquid-helium temperature.
Mammalian maxilloturbinal evolution does not reflect thermal biology
Authors: Martinez Quentin , Okrouhlík Jan , Šumbera Radim , Wright Mark , Araújo Ricardo , Braude Stan , Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Holtze Susanne , Ruf Irina , Fabre Pierre-Henri 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe evolution of endothermy in vertebrates is a major research topic in recent decades that has been tackled by a myriad of research disciplines including paleontology, anatomy, physiology, evolutionary and developmental biology. The ability of most mammals to maintain a relatively constant and high body temperature is considered a key adaptation, enabling them to successfully colonize new habitats and harsh environments. It has been proposed that in mammals the anterior nasal cavity, which houses the maxilloturbinal, plays a pivotal role in body temperature maintenance, via a bony system supporting an epithelium involved in heat and moisture conservation. The presence and the relative size of the maxilloturbinal has been proposed to reflect the endothermic conditions and basal metabolic rate in extinct vertebrates. We show that there is no evidence to relate the origin of endothermy and the development of some turbinal bones by using a comprehensive dataset of µCT-derived maxilloturbinals spanning most mammalian orders. Indeed, we demonstrate that neither corrected basal metabolic rate nor body temperature significantly correlate with the relative surface area of the maxilloturbinal. Instead, we identify important variations in the relative surface area, morpho-anatomy, and complexity of the maxilloturbinal across the mammalian phylogeny and species ecology.
Surface coupling in Bi2Se3 ultrathin films by screened Coulomb interaction
Authors: Liu Jia-nan , Yang Xu , Xue Haopu , Gai Xue-song , Sun Rui , Li Yang , Gong Zi-Zhao , Li Na , Xie Zong-Kai , He Wei , Zhang Xiang-Qun , Xue Desheng , Cheng Zhao-Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSingle-particle band theory has been very successful in describing the band structure of topological insulators. However, with decreasing thickness of topological insulator thin films, single-particle band theory is insufficient to explain their band structures and transport properties due to the existence of top and bottom surface-state coupling. Here, we reconstruct this coupling with an equivalently screened Coulomb interaction in Bi2Se3 ultrathin films. The thickness-dependent position of the Dirac point and the magnitude of the mass gap are discussed in terms of the Hartree approximation and the self-consistent gap equation. We find that for thicknesses below 6 quintuple layers, the magnitude of the mass gap is in good agreement with the experimental results. Our work provides a more accurate means of describing and predicting the behaviour of quasi-particles in ultrathin topological insulator films and stacked topological systems.
Representations in human primary visual cortex drift over time
Authors: Roth Zvi N. , Merriam Elisha P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrimary sensory regions are believed to instantiate stable neural representations, yet a number of recent rodent studies suggest instead that representations drift over time. To test whether sensory representations are stable in human visual cortex, we analyzed a large longitudinal dataset of fMRI responses to images of natural scenes. We fit the fMRI responses using an image-computable encoding model and tested how well the model generalized across sessions. We found systematic changes in model fits that exhibited cumulative drift over many months. Convergent analyses pinpoint changes in neural responsivity as the source of the drift, while population-level representational dissimilarities between visual stimuli were unchanged. These observations suggest that downstream cortical areas may read-out a stable representation, even as representations within V1 exhibit drift.
The behavioral signature of stepwise learning strategy in male rats and its neural correlate in the basal forebrain
Authors: Manzur Hachi E. , Vlasov Ksenia , Jhong You-Jhe , Chen Hung-Yen , Lin Shih-Chieh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudies of associative learning have commonly focused on how rewarding outcomes are predicted by either sensory stimuli or animals’ actions. However, in many learning scenarios, reward delivery requires the occurrence of both sensory stimuli and animals’ actions in a specific order, in the form of behavioral sequences. How such behavioral sequences are learned is much less understood. Here we provide behavioral and neurophysiological evidence to show that behavioral sequences are learned using a stepwise strategy. In male rats learning a new association, learning started from the behavioral event closest to the reward and sequentially incorporated earlier events. This led to the sequential refinement of reward-seeking behaviors, which was characterized by the stepwise elimination of ineffective and non-rewarded behavioral sequences. At the neuronal level, this stepwise learning process was mirrored by the sequential emergence of basal forebrain neuronal responses toward each event, which quantitatively conveyed a reward prediction error signal and promoted reward-seeking behaviors. Together, these behavioral and neural signatures revealed how behavioral sequences were learned in discrete steps and when each learning step took place.