bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do I question what influencers sell me? Integration of critical thinking in the advertising literacy of Spanish adolescents
Authors: Feijoo Beatriz , Zozaya Luisa , Sádaba Charo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEngaging with influencer posts has become a prevalent practice among adolescents on social media, exposing them to the combined elements of promotional content and entertainment in influencer marketing. However, the versatile and appealing nature of this content may hinder adolescents’ ability to engage in critical thinking and accurately interpret this hybrid form of advertising. This study aims to investigate adolescents’ capacity to critically process persuasive content shared by influencers, utilizing the five components of digital critical thinking outlined by Van Laar (2019): clarification, evaluation, justification, linking of ideas, and novelty. To analyze minors’ online experiences, a qualitative approach was employed involving twelve discussion groups with a total of 62 children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 in Spain. The findings indicate that the exercise of critical thinking in response to influencer marketing is closely associated with the cognitive and affective dimensions of advertising literacy in adolescents, while wamong them.
New challenges for CLIL research
Authors: Llinares Ana , Cross Russell 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent studies on CLIL have revealed contradictory results regarding its role in enhancing equal opportunities and social inclusion. This special issue draws on the theme of the CLIL ReN symposium at AILA 2021, “CLIL Pedagogy and Greater Fairness, Equity, and Inclusion”, and the papers in this volume address both opportunities and challenges of CLIL in contributing to equity and inclusion. The special issue seeks to question, explore, and understand how CLIL might have the potential or not to contribute to greater equity and access to quality educational provision, with attention to not only the learning of languages, but also of content. (In)equity in CLIL will be addressed through conceptual as well as empirical studies which focus on different contexts (Argentina, Australia, Japan, Spain, and The Netherlands) and different educational levels (primary, secondary, pre-vocational studies, and pre-service teacher education).
Ethnic equity, Mapudungun, and CLIL
Authors: Banegas Darío Luis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Since 2006, the Argentinian system of education has included intercultural bilingual education, a type of
education across kindergarten, primary, and secondary education that guarantees the indigenous peoples’ right to receive quality
and equitable education which preserves and strengthens their cultural practices, language, cosmovision, and
ethnic identity in a multicultural society. In the province of Chubut, southern Argentina, the Ministry of Education launched a
professional development program targeted at primary school teachers working in small town and rural areas with students
ethnically associated to the Mapuche peoples and their language, Mapudungun. The aim of this paper is to examine how a group of
four teachers understood and implemented CLIL in relation to ethnic equity and socially just education in a semi-rural area of
Chubut. Framed as a case study, data were collected in 2021 and 2022 through group discussions, journal diaries, and arts-based
methods. Data came from four primary school teachers as well as the program facilitator. By means of quality content analysis, the
findings show teachers’ understanding of CLIL as an inclusive and equitable approach that can help promote ethnic identity and
ethnolinguistic vitality.
Inclusive CLIL
Authors: Denman Jenny , Schooten Erik van , de Graaff Rick 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Bilingual education using a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach seems in many contexts to select or attract the more able and more academically-inclined pupils, or only be available to pupils in higher academic secondary streams. Positive effects of CLIL for target language proficiency development may therefore be due in part to this cognitive or academic selection effect. Can the target language skills of pupils with lower scholastic attainment – a group which, in several educational contexts, has less access to CLIL programs – also benefit from the CLIL approach?
This two-year longitudinal quasi-experimental research, part of a larger study, focused on the development of oral proficiency skills of three cohorts of 603 pre-vocational pupils in 25 classes in the Netherlands in both CLIL and non-CLIL programs. Despite the lack of explicit school-based selection procedures for pre-vocational pupils’ participation in CLIL, there were significant differences in favor of the CLIL groups in the initial levels of English oral proficiency, fluency, and Willingness to Communicate. Furthermore, the CLIL pupils showed significantly more growth than the non-CLIL control group in English oral proficiency, but not for fluency or Willingness to Communicate. This positive result for the CLIL group did not appear to be moderated by pupil background variables. Despite the small effect sizes found, these results indicate that the CLIL approach can have a positive effect on the foreign language proficiency of pupils in less academic educational streams.
Language testing and the role of CLIL exposure in constructing
student profiles
Authors: Hidalgo-McCabe Elisa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study examines stakeholders’ views on the streaming of
students into one of two strands of differing CLIL exposure (High versus
Low) in the transition from primary to secondary in the context of
Madrid’s Bilingual Education Program. To this end, three groups of stakeholders
– primary school leaders, parents and secondary school teachers – were
interviewed so as to gather their perspectives on streaming as pertains to: (1)
a high-stakes English language test that determines access to the High- and Low-Exposure strands; and (2) the profiles of students participating in
these strands. Findings indicate that school leaders prioritise students’
ongoing language learning progress over the high-stakes context of the test,
whilst they acknowledge families’ favourable views of the test. Parents’
affective stances reveal that some students experience a certain degree of
anxiety in preparation for the test. In addition, participating in the High- or
Low-Exposure strands seems to influence teachers’ perceptions of these students
as either high or low achievers. These findings are further discussed in terms
of the potential implications of streaming and student selection for (in)equity
in CLIL programs.
(In)equity in CLIL programs?
Authors: Evnitskaya Natalia , Llinares Ana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study explores issues of potential (in)equity in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programs in bilingual secondary schools in the Madrid region (Spain). Based on their general L2 proficiency, students in grades 7 to 10 are streamed into either High Exposure (HE) or Low Exposure (LE) strands, with different degrees of exposure to CLIL. Although this system ensures that all students in a bilingual secondary school receive CLIL to a certain degree, recent voices have signaled the potential risk of fostering inequality among students by streaming within the program (Fernández-Agüero & Hidalgo-McCabe, 2020;Hidalgo-McCabe, 2020). In this study, we explore classroom interactional practices by one science teacher teaching the same content in both groups (grade 7 HE and LE strands), and the effect of such interactional practices on enhancing (or not) students’ higher order thinking skills and the expression of academic content in the L2 or L1. For the analysis, we developed a multi-layered analytical model which incorporates the construct of cognitive discourse functions (CDFs) (Dalton-Puffer, 2013) and the semantic dimension of Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) (Maton, 2013,2020). We find significant differences across the two groups in the use of CDFs and ‘semantic codes’ for knowledge construction and meaning making. More specifically, the results show a more frequent use of the CDFevaluateand a higher rate of semantic density (abstractions) in classroom discourse in the HE strand.
ICT environmentalism and the sustainability game
Authors: Vaughan Hunter , Pasek Anne , Silcox Nicholas R. , Starosielski Nicole 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Over the past three decades, corporate branding has trended strongly towards environmental conscientiousness and green rhetoric, often heralded under the term “sustainability” – a broad and mutable rhetorical strategy that not only serves industry self-interest but is mobilized by civil society actors as well. This tension is especially apparent in the information communication technologies (ICT) sector. Employing Wittgenstein’s concept of the language-game, this article describes how sustainability has been deployed by tech companies, and how these efforts have also been contested – and strategically mobilized – by activist environmental non-profits and critical scholars seeking to reform tech sector practices. Combining environmental communication, political economy, and discourse analysis, we investigate the conceptualization and communication of sustainability as a discourse within and against the sector.
Configurable vortex laser beams for optical manipulations of microparticle ensembles
Authors: Ikonnikov D A , Vyunisheva S A , Prokopova D V , Losevsky N N , Samagin S A , Kotova S P , Vyunishev A M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The formation of phase holograms by the modulation superposition method for producing a set of vortex laser beams is presented. Produced vortex laser beams are considered to be used in the scheme of optical tweezers for optical trapping and manipulation of ensembles of latex microspheres. Applying the method of modulation superposition is regarded to synthesize phase holograms by adding harmonic functions with specific parameters. The possibility of independent control of the position of produced vortex beams and their orbital angular momentum is experimentally demonstrated, being in a good agreement with theoretical analysis. The use of structured light in combination with optothermal traps is likely to expand the traditional methods of microobject optical manipulation. The results obtained open up new possibilities for optical manipulation in biomedical applications.
Chronic stability of a neuroprosthesis comprising multiple adjacent Utah arrays in monkeys
Authors: Chen Xing , Wang Feng , Kooijmans Roxana , Klink Peter Christiaan , Boehler Christian , Asplund Maria , Roelfsema Pieter Roelf 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Electrical stimulation of visual cortex via a neuroprosthesis induces the perception of dots of light (‘phosphenes’), potentially allowing recognition of simple shapes even after decades of blindness. However, restoration of functional vision requires large numbers of electrodes, and chronic, clinical implantation of intracortical electrodes in the visual cortex has only been achieved using devices of up to 96 channels. We evaluated the efficacy and stability of a 1024-channel neuroprosthesis system in non-human primates (NHPs) over more than 3 years to assess its suitability for long-term vision restoration. Approach. We implanted 16 microelectrode arrays (Utah arrays) consisting of 8 × 8 electrodes with iridium oxide tips in the primary visual cortex (V1) and visual area 4 (V4) of two sighted macaques. We monitored the animals’ health and measured electrode impedances and neuronal signal quality by calculating signal-to-noise ratios of visually driven neuronal activity, peak-to-peak voltages of the waveforms of action potentials, and the number of channels with high-amplitude signals. We delivered cortical microstimulation and determined the minimum current that could be perceived, monitoring the number of channels that successfully yielded phosphenes. We also examined the influence of the implant on a visual task after 2–3 years of implantation and determined the integrity of the brain tissue with a histological analysis 3–3.5 years post-implantation. Main results. The monkeys remained healthy throughout the implantation period and the device retained its mechanical integrity and electrical conductivity. However, we observed decreasing signal quality with time, declining numbers of phosphene-evoking electrodes, decreases in electrode impedances, and impaired performance on a visual task at visual field locations corresponding to implanted cortical regions. Current thresholds increased with time in one of the two animals. The histological analysis revealed encapsulation of arrays and cortical degeneration. Scanning electron microscopy on one array revealed degradation of IrOx coating and higher impedances for electrodes with broken tips. Significance. Long-term implantation of a high-channel-count device in NHP visual cortex was accompanied by deformation of cortical tissue and decreased stimulation efficacy and signal quality over time. We conclude that improvements in device biocompatibility and/or refinement of implantation techniques are needed before future clinical use is feasible.
Re-thinking geometrogenesis: Instantaneity in quantum gravity scenarios
Authors: Bianchi Silvia De , Gabbanelli Luciano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent Quantum Gravity approaches revealed that spacetime emergence opens conceptual difficulties when the theory allows for cosmological scenarios compatible with geometrogenesis. In particular, it appears extremely difficult to think of an a-temporal transition from a non-geometric to a geometric phase and vice versa. In this paper we advance the proposal of a concept of atemporality, i.e., instantaneity that is suitable for the description of the transition occurring among fundamental phases from which spacetime emerges in some Quantum Gravity approaches, including Group Field Theory and its cosmological implications. After discussing the ontology at different levels of spacetime emergence in a theory of Quantum Gravity in Section 2, we shall focus on the definition of the notion of instantaneity to interpret the atemporal transition of geometrogenesis (Section 3.1), thereby arguing that atemporality dominates at Renormalization Group flow fixed points (Section 3.2). In Section 4, we apply for the first time our notion of instantaneity to the study of geometrogenesis in the context of tensorial Group Field Theory and we conclude by suggesting that atemporality plays a significant role for the understanding of our world at different scales.
The Hole Argument and Beyond: Part II: Treating Non-isomorphic Spacetimes
Authors: Gomes Henrique , Butterfield Jeremy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this two-part paper we review, and then develop, the assessment of the hole argument for general relativity.
The review (in Part I) discussed how to compare points in isomorphic spacetimes, i.e. models of the theory. This second Part proposes a framework for making comparisons of non-isomorphic spacetimes. It combines two ideas we discussed in Part I—the philosophical idea of counterparts, and the idea of threading points between spacetimes other than by isomorphism—with the mathematics of fibre bundles.
We first recall the ideas from Part I (Section 1). Then in Section 2 and an Appendix, we define a fibre bundle whose fibres are isomorphic copies of a given spacetime or model, and discuss connections on this fibre bundle. This material proceeds on analogy with field-space formulations of gauge theories. Finally, in Section 3, we show how this fibre bundle gives natural expressions of the philosophical ideas of counterparts, and of threading.
The case of Quantum Gravity with Spontaneous Collapse of the Wave Function
Authors: Diósi Lajos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When about half a century ago the concept of universal spontaneous collapse of the wave function was conceived it was an attempt to alter standard non-relativistic quantum physics. As such, it was largely ignored by relativistic field theory and quantum gravity communities. A central motivation of spontaneous collapse community has been to replace the standard collapse-by-measurement that annoyed many. With few exceptions, it did not annoy the field theory and quantum gravity communities. Concept of certain general-relativity-related universal irreversibility in quantum field theory had been initiated very long ago by Wheeler, Hawking and a few others independently from the concept of spontaneous collapse. Lately the two concepts started to converge and support each other.
Quantum fluctuations, particles and entanglement: solving the quantum measurement problems
Authors: Konishi Kenichi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The so-called quantum measurement problems are solved from a new perspective. One of the main observations is that the basic entities of our world are particles, elementary or composite. It follows that each elementary process, hence each measurement process at its core, is a spacetime, pointlike, event. Another key idea is that, when a microsystem ψ gets into contact with the experimental device, factorization of ψ rapidly fails and entangled mixed states appear. The wave functions for the microsystem-apparatus coupled system for different measurement outcomes then lack overlapping spacetime support. It means that the aftermath of each measurement is a single term in the sum: a “wave-function collapse”. Our discussion leading to a diagonal density matrix, ρ = diag(|c
1|2,…,|cn
|2,…) shows how the information encoded in the wave function

|
ψ
〉
=

∑
n

c
n

|
n
〉

gets transcribed, via entanglement with the experimental device and environment, into the relative frequencies Pn
= |cn
|2 for various experimental outcomes F = fn
. Our discussion represents the first, significant steps towards filling in the logical gaps in the conventional interpretation based on Born’s rule, replacing it with a clearer understanding of quantum mechanics. Accepting objective reality of quantum fluctuations, independent of any experiments, and independently of human presence, one renounces the idea that in a fundamental, complete theory of Nature the result of each single experiment must necessarily be predictable.
Non-Abelian gauge structure and flavor mixing in quantum field theory1
Authors: Blasone Massimo , Smaldone Luca , Vitiello Giuseppe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The quantum field theory formalism describing the phenomenon of neutrino mixing and oscillations is reviewed in its essential aspects. The condensate structure of the flavor vacuum state is considered and its non-perturbative nature is discussed within the existence in the quantum field theory of the manifold of unitarily inequivalent representations of the anticommutation relations. The Poincaré structure of the theory is discussed in connection with the gauge theory features of neutrino mixing, where the possibility arises to describe flavored neutrinos as on-shell fields with definite masses. The flavor vacuum state may be thought of as a refractive medium where different refraction indexes are related to the different neutrino masses. Neglecting the condensate structure of the flavor vacuum implies neglecting second-order contributions in the gauge field coupling and leads to experimentally inconsistent results.
Decoherent histories approach to the cosmological measure problem
Authors: Lloyd Seth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The method of decoherent histories allows probabilities to be assigned to sequences of quantum events in systems, such as the universe as a whole, where there is no external observer to make measurements. This paper applies the method of decoherent histories to address cosmological questions. Using a series of simple examples, beginning with the harmonic oscillator, we show that systems in a stationary state such as an energy eigenstate or thermal state can exhibit decoherent histories with non-trivial dynamics. We then examine decoherent histories in a universe that undergoes eternal inflation. Decoherent histories that assign probabilities to sequences of events in the vicinity of a timelike geodesic supply a natural cosmological measure. Under reasonable conditions, such sequences of events do not suffer from the presence of unlikely statistical fluctuations that mimic reality.
Gravitation, and quantum theory, as emergent phenomena
Authors: Singh Tejinder P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There must exist a reformulation of quantum field theory, even at low energies, which does not depend on classical time. The octonionic theory proposes such a reformulation, leading to a pre-quantum pre-spacetime theory. The ingredients for constructing such a theory, which is also a unification of the standard model with gravitation, are : (i) the pre-quantum theory of trace dynamics – a matrix-valued Lagrangian dynamics, (ii) the spectral action principle of non-commutative geometry, (iii) the number system known as the octonions, for constructing a non-commutative manifold and for defining elementary particles via Clifford algebras, (iv) a Lagrangian with E
8 × E
8 symmetry. The split bioctonions define a sixteen dimensional space (with left-right symmetry) whose geometry (evolving in Connes time) relates to the four known fundamental forces, while predicting two new forces, SU(3)
grav
and U(1)
grav
. This latter interaction is possibly the theoretical origin of MOND. Coupling constants of the standard model result from left-right symmetry breaking, and their values are theoretically determined by the characteristic equation of the exceptional Jordan algebra of the octonions. The quantum-to-classical transition, precipitated by the entanglement of a critical number of fermions, is responsible for the emergence of classical spacetime, and also for the familiar formulation of quantum theory on a spacetime background.
Representation of the universe as dendrogramic hologram empowered with relational interpretation
Authors: Shor Oded , Benninger Felix , Khrennikov Andrei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This is a brief review on the basics of recently established Dendrogramic Holographic theory (DH-theory). This is the special model of the event-universe based on the clustering transformation of experimental data into dendrogram, a finite tree which branches encoding the events. These event-branches are coupled via the hierarchic interrelation determined by the dendrogram. Such relational universe differs from the universe with space-time mathematically described by the real numbers. Dendrogram is endowed with the common root ultrametric. Finite dendrograms correspond to the epistemic level of description; in the limit we obtain an infinite tree providing the ontic description. In the simplest model, the tree is homogeneous, p-adic tree. It can be endowed with the algebraic structure of the ring of p-adic integers. Hence, DH-theory is a part (but very special) of p-adic theoretical physics. In this paper we discuss the foundations of DH-theory and its applications to quantum-classical interrelation including the novel interpretation of the violations of the CHSH-inequality, to general relativity, and to emergence of quantum mechanics from the event-picture of the universe. Since both quantum theory and general relativity can be emergent from DH-theory, creation of the latter can be viewed as a step towards unification of these two fundamental physical theories.