bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual energy dispersal fracturing: A newly proposed term for fractures propagating from sharp‐force trauma
Authors: Tamminen Heather M. , Ford Andrew L. J. , Welham Kate , Loe Louise , Webb Helen , Boyle Angela , Smith Martin J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe identification and interpretation of skeletal trauma is an important topic in osteoarchaeology, forensic anthropology and palaeosciences. Trauma analysis is a fast‐moving sub‐discipline with constantly evolving methodological approaches. This paper describes the process of a particular form of fracturing that propagates specifically from the floor of cut marks and proposes new terminology for this subset of fractures.Materials and MethodsThis terminological gap was identified during the re‐examination of remains from a minimum of 52 decapitated individuals (52 post‐cranial and 47 cranial remains) found in a mass grave from the 10th–11th century CE on Ridgeway Hill near Weymouth in Dorset (UK) in 2009. Originally analyzed by Oxford Archaeology Ltd., all individuals in this collection were re‐appraised using digital technology to test new techniques for this study.ResultsDuring this investigation, it has become apparent that the length of chop marks can be overestimated during some conventional analysis because the chop transitions into a fracture propagating from the floor of the chop mark.DiscussionTo increase awareness of these fractures, the term residual energy dispersal (RED) fractures is proposed as these are distinct from other radiating fractures arising from sharp‐blunt‐force trauma. The ability to distinguish RED fractures from others has the potential to contribute to the identification of previously unidentified chop marks and to the interpretation of events surrounding an injury.
Evolutionary selection and morphological integration in the foot of modern humans
Authors: Arlegi Mikel , Pablos Adrián , Lorenzo Carlos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo advance our understanding of the evolution of the hominin foot by quantifying integration and responses to selection in the foot of modern humans.Materials and MethodsThe sample includes 247 female and male adult individuals from Euro‐American, Afro‐American, European, and Amerindian populations. We collected 190 linear measurements from the 26 skeletal elements that constitute the modern human foot. With these data, we calculated the magnitudes of integration and the ability of the foot to respond to selection demands.ResultsThe results revealed that distal phalanges are less integrated, more evolvable, and more flexible than proximal elements (i.e., proximal phalanges and metatarsals). Also, bones from the medial ray (e.g., hallux) show stronger integration and weaker evolvability than their counterparts from the lateral column (e.g., fifth ray), following this trend from medial to lateral positions. Among the tarsals, the talus and calcaneus are the most integrated, least evolvable, and flexible elements from that module.DiscussionThese results suggest that selection for bipedalism would have reorganized the variance/covariance matrix of the foot. The hallux might have been under strong functional selection pressures for bipedal requirements, resulting in a strong integration and low evolvability. Also, differences in the developmental process of each bone seem to have played an essential role in the degree of evolvability, showing those elements that develop earlier have less ability to respond to selection demands.
Lower myelin content is associated with more rapid cognitive decline among cognitively unimpaired individuals
Authors: Gong Zhaoyuan , Bilgel Murat , Kiely Matthew , Triebswetter Curtis , Ferrucci Luigi , Resnick Susan M. , Spencer Richard G. , Bouhrara Mustapha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe influence of myelination on longitudinal changes in cognitive performance remains unclear.MethodsFor each participant (N = 123), longitudinal cognitive scores were calculated. Myelin content was probed using myelin water fraction (MWF) or longitudinal relaxation rate (R1); both are MRI measures sensitive to myelin, with MWF being specific.ResultsLower MWF was associated with steeper declines in executive function (p < .02 in all regions) and lower R1 was associated with steeper declines in verbal fluency (p < .03 in all regions). Additionally, lower R1 was associated with steeper declines in executive function (p < .02 in all regions) and memory (p < .04 in occipital and cerebral white matter) but did not survive Bonferroni correction.DiscussionWe demonstrate significant relationships between myelin content and the rates of change in cognitive performance among cognitively normal individuals. These findings highlight the importance of myelin in cognitive functioning and suggest MWF and R1 as imaging biomarkers to predict cognitive changes.
Janus Metastructure Based on Magnetized Plasma Material with and Logic Gate and Multiple Physical Quantity Detection
Authors: Sui Junyang , Dong Ruiyang , Liao Siyuan , Zhao Zeyuan , Wang Yubo , Zhang Hai‐Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a Janus metastructure (JMS) is proposed that can act both as a logic gate and detect multiple physical quantities. By adjusting the incident angle of electromagnetic waves, arranging the dielectrics asymmetrically, and using the anisotropy of the plasma, the Janus function can be obtained, which gives the metastructure a multiscale property. Sharp transmission peak (TP) is generated by located defect mode resonance. The AND logic gate on the positive and negative scales can be realized by judging the TP value. By locking the point frequency of the TP, the refractive index, magnetic field strength, incident angle, and plasma density can be detected simultaneously on the two scales in the GHz range, which is rarely studied. Good sensing performances are also owned, and the corresponding optimal sensitivities are 0.095 (2πc/d)/RIU, 9.42 × 10−3 (2πc/d)/T, 1.48 × 10−3 (2πc/d)/°, and 0.035 (2πc/d) m3/1019, respectively. Compared with the traditional sensors, the proposed JMS equipped with two scales not only can realize the logic gate but also measure multiple physical quantities, which has a certain application potential.
Nondipole Effects in Atomic Ionization Induced by an Intense Counter‐Rotating Bicircular Laser Field
Authors: Kahvedžić Rešad , Habibović Dino , Becker Wilhelm , Gräfe Stefanie , Milošević Dejan B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNondipole effects occurring in the process of atomic ionization by an intense, mid‐infrared, counter‐rotating bicircular laser field are investigated using the strong‐field approximation with leading‐order nondipole corrections. The time integrals appearing in the expression for the differential ionization rate are computed in two ways: numerically, and by applying the saddle‐point approximation. The nondipole corrections introduce an asymmetry in the photoelectron momentum distribution along the field propagation direction. The asymmetry is quantified by the partial average value of the propagation‐direction momentum component of the photoelectrons and by the normalized difference of the differential ionization rates computed including and excluding the nondipole corrections. Using the saddle‐point approximation, it is investigated how the nondipole corrections change the solutions for direct photoelectrons and how this affects the momentum spectra. The impact of nondipole corrections increases with increasing photoelectron energy. Analysis of the complete photoelectron spectra including both direct and rescattered photoelectrons shows that, in the low‐energy region, a shift against the propagation direction occurs. The partial average of the propagation–direction momentum component in the rescattering region exhibits a plateau structure and also a local minimum structure that was recently observed in an experiment with a linearly polarized laser field (Lin et al., Phys Rev. Lett. 128, 023201 (2022)).
Developing Reprocessable shape memory thermosetting resins with high thermal resistance and strength through building a crosslinked network based on bismaleimide and epoxy resins
Authors: Li Ying , Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is difficult to endow reprocessable shape memory thermosetting resins with outstanding heat resistance and high mechanical strength. Herein, a new kind of reprocessable shape memory thermosetting resins (DBE) are developed through building a crosslinked network based onN,N′‐4,4′‐diphenylmethane bismaleimide (BDM), bisphenol A epoxy resin and 4,4′‐dithiodiphenylamine. The influence of the composition of DBE resins on their structure and comprehensive properties was studied. Results show that DBE resins have multiple phase structures. With the increase of BDM content of DBE resin, the glass transition temperature (Tg), initial thermal decomposition temperature and flexural modulus increase, the impact strength and reprocessing efficiency decrease, while the flexural and tensile strengths increase initially and then decrease. 0.8DBE cannot be reprocessed, while 2DBE, 1.5DBE and 1DBE are reprocessable, and also have good shape reconfiguration and shape memory performances. Among them, 1DBE has the best integrated performance, which has attractively highTg(210°C), high tensile strength (76 ± 3.2 MPa), good reprocessability and excellent shape memory performance, its shape fixation rate and shape recovery rate reach 100% and 99.6%, respectively, overcoming the bottleneck problems of low heat resistance and insufficient mechanical strength of existing reprocessable shape memory thermosetting resins.
Dirac Bands in the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Mapped by Time‐Resolved Momentum Microscopy
Authors: Ponzoni Stefano , Paßlack Felix , Stupar Matija , Janas David Maximilian , Zamborlini Giovanni , Cinchetti Mirko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe energy dispersion of the unoccupied Dirac bands of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 has been studied up to large parallel momenta and intermediate state energies using a setup for laser‐based time‐resolved momentum microscopy with 6 eV probe‐photons. A strongly momentum‐dependent evolution of the topologically protected Dirac states into a conduction band resonance is observed, highlighting the anisotropy dictated by the symmetry of the surface. The results are in remarkable agreement with the theoretical surface spectrum obtained from a GW‐corrected tight‐binding model, suggesting the validity of the approach in the prediction of the quasiparticle excitation spectrum of large systems with non‐trivial topology. After photoexcitation with 0.97 eV photons, assigned to a bulk valence band‐conduction band transition, the out‐of‐equilibrium population of the surface state evolves on a multi‐picosecond time scale, in agreement with a simple thermodynamical model with a fixed number of particles, suggesting a significant decoupling between bulk and surface states.
Photoelectric Properties of Functional Materials under High Pressure
Authors: Li Zonglun , Liu Ran , Li Quanjun , Liu Bingbing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe past decade has seen enormous interest in emerging photodetectors owing to their diverse applications in daily life and military fields. Tremendous progress has been made in the exploration and optimization of photoelectric materials. In particular, high pressure has been successfully adopted as a significant means to tune photoelectric properties. The remarkable enhancement in photocurrent by several orders of magnitude, induces inverse photoconductivity, and even extends the spectral response range, which was achieved by using the pressure strategy in several functional materials. In this prospective article, recent advances in pressure‐regulated photoelectric properties of various functional materials are briefly elaborated on. In addition, the current challenges and possible research directions are discussed. It is sincerely hoped to inspire more new endeavors to promote further investigation of the photoelectric properties of functional materials under high pressure and provide more insights into exploring and optimizing novel photoelectric materials.
Autoantibodies to Disease‐Related Proteins in Joints as Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lönnblom Erik , Leu Agelii Monica , Sareila Outi , Cheng Lei , Xu Bingze , Viljanen Johan , Hafström Ingiäld , Andersson Maria L. E. , Bergström Göran , Hultgård Ekwall Anna‐Karin , Rudin Anna , Kastbom Alf , Sjöwall Christopher , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. , Kihlberg Jan , Gjertsson Inger , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to develop and characterize a multiplex immunoassay for detection of autoantibodies against peptides derived from proteins known to play a role in development of arthritis and that are also expressed in joints.MethodsWe selected peptides from the human counterpart of proteins expressed in the joints, based on mouse models that showed these to be targeted by pathogenic or regulatory antibodies in vivo. Using bead‐based flow immunoassays measuring IgG antibodies, we selected triple helical or cyclic peptides, containing the epitopes, to avoid collinear reactivity. We characterized the analytical performance of the immunoassay and then validated it in 3 independent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohorts (n = 2,110), Swedish age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls, and patients with osteoarthritis (OA), patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).ResultsScreening assays showed 5 peptide antigens that discriminated RA patients from healthy controls with 99% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI] 98–100%). In our validation studies, we reproduced the discriminatory capacity of the autoantibodies in 2 other RA cohorts, showing that the autoantibodies had high discriminatory capacity for RA versus OA, PsA, and SLE. The novel biomarkers identified 22.5% (95% CI 19–26%) of early RA patients seronegative for anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor. The usefulness of the biomarkers in identifying seronegative RA patients was confirmed in validation studies using 2 independent cohorts of RA patients and cohorts of patients with OA, PsA, and SLE.ConclusionA multiplex immunoassay with peptides from disease‐related proteins in joints was found to be useful for detection of specific autoantibodies in RA serum. Of note, this immunoassay had high discriminatory capacity for early seronegative RA.image
Rationally Designed Matrix‐Free Carbon Dots with Wavelength‐Tunable Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Qi Hetong , Cui Xiaofeng , Zhang Hengqi , Tong Yuxi , Qian Manping , Zhou Wenshuai , Ding Shujiang , Qi Honglan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report the rational design of the matrix‐free carbon dots (C‐dots) with long wavelength and wavelength‐tunable room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Taking advantage of microwave‐assisted heating treatment, three RTP C‐dots in boric acid (BA) composites are synthesized by using diethylenetriaminepentakis (methylphosphonic acid) as a multiple‐sites crosslink agent, a moderately acid catalyst and P source; phenylenediamines (either o‐PD, m‐PD, or p‐PD, respectively) as building block while BA as a carbonization‐retardant matrix. After the water‐soluble BA matrix is removed by dialysis, three matrix‐free C‐dots are obtained with RTP emission at 540, 550 and 570 nm under an excitation wavelength of 365 nm. Alterations of RTP emission of three matrix‐free C‐dots are ascribed to the difference in their particle size and band gap from n‐π* transition. Furthermore, the application of three matrix‐free C‐dots are successfully performed in information encryption and decryption.
Surface magnetic field of the A‐type metallic‐line star omicron Pegasi revisited
Authors: Takeda Yoichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe bright A‐type metallic‐line star Peg was reported in the early 1990 s to have a surface magnetic field of kG by analyzing the widths and strengths of spectral lines. Since those old studies were of rather empirical or approximate nature and the quality of observational data was not sufficient, this problem has been newly reinvestigated based on physically more rigorous simulations of line flux profiles, along with the observed equivalent widths () and full‐widths at half‐maximum () of 198 Feiand 182 Feiilines measured from the high‐quality spectra. Given the Fe abundance derived from the conventional analysis, theoretical and values calculated for various sets of parameters were compared with the observed ones, which lead to the following conclusion regarding (mean field strength). (1) An analysis of yielded 1–1.5 kG from Feiilines with the microturbulence of km s−1. (2) A comparison of resulted in 1.5–2 kG as well as the projected rotational velocity of km s−1. (3) Accordingly, the existence of mean magnetic field on the order of 1–2 kG in Peg was confirmed, which is almost consistent with the consequence of the previous work.
Testing relativistic accretion disk models with GRO J1655‐40
Authors: Yilmaz Anastasiya , Svoboda Jiří , Grinberg Victoria , Boorman Peter G. , Bursa Michal , Dovčiak Michal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBlack hole X‐ray binaries are ideal environments to test the accretion phenomena in the presence of strong gravitational potentials. KERRBB held an important place in the X‐ray spectral continuum method for measuring the black hole spin modeling the emission from the innermost regions of the accretion disk. In this work, we present the results of X‐ray spectral analysis using publicly available RXTE data of GRO J1655‐40 obtained during the 2005 outburst with the two relativistic accretion disk models, KERRBB and KYNBB. Our analysis showed that both models provide identical results with black hole spin measurements, disk temperature, and disk luminosity when the inner edge of the accretion disk is set at the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) for the same accretion rates. We could not obtain reasonable fits for ∼89% of the observations with a fixed black hole spin value at a* = 0.7 using both models. Allowing the spin parameter to vary improved the fit statistic significantly with reduced χ2 values being reduced from ∼10 to 100 to below 2. Both models revealed black hole spin values varying between 0.52 < a* < 0.94, which can be interpreted as a variable inner edge of the disk throughout different accretion states.
Solid‐State Batteries Based on Organic Cathode Materials
Authors: Gan Xiaotang , Yang Zihao , Song Zhiping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic cathode materials (OCMs) possess high resource sustainability, large structural diversity, high theoretical energy density, and potentially low cost, however, suffer from the dissolution problem in liquid non‐aqueous electrolyte. Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are regarded as the final solution of Li and Na metal batteries because of the intrinsic safety, but hindered by many challenges including the poor contact with rigid inorganic cathode materials. Therefore, applying OCMs in SSBs is probably a win‐win strategy to compensate for their respective deficiency. In this review, some fundamental knowledge of OCMs and SSBs are briefly introduced at first, with emphasis on different types of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Then the reported works on OCM‐based SSBs are summarized by classifying them into non‐ceramic, semi‐ceramic, and all‐ceramic ones. Finally, we conclude our understandings on the main scientific issues and possible solutions. To sum up, the combination of OCMs and SSBs brings about many new challenges but also opportunities towards their practical application.
James Cowles Prichard and the Linguistic Foundations of Ethnology**
Authors: Stewart Ian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article examines the English scholar James Cowles Prichard's attention to language and comparative philology within his wider project on the natural history of man. It reveals that linguistic evidence was among the most important elements for Prichard in his overarching scientific aim of investigating human physical diversity, and served as the evidential foundation for his ethnology. His work on Celtic comparative philology made him not only one of the earliest British adopters of German comparative grammar, but a comparative philologist of European stature in his own right. More generally, linguistic evidence helped Prichard to keep his magnum opus, Researches into the Physical History of Mankind, as logically ordered as possible, and therefore to turn ethnology into a discipline with analytical aspirations on a global scale.
Can Views and Contact with Nature at Home Help Combat Anxiety and Depression during the Pandemic? Results of the GreenCOVID study
Authors: Garrido‐Cumbrera Marco , González‐Marín Alicia , Correa‐Fernández José , Braçe Olta , Foley Ronan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic and the lockdown measures have had important consequences on the mental health of the population, although little is known about the role played by nature and its benefits.ObjectivesThe present study aims to evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain and to identify the factors most strongly associated with anxiety and depression, including sociodemographic, household characteristics, and access to or contact with natural environment.MethodsGreenCOVID is an online cross‐sectional study promoted by the Health & Territory Research (HTR) of the University of Seville in Spain, Maynooth University in Ireland, and the University of Winchester in the United Kingdom. This study includes only data from Spain which were collected between April 8, 2020 and April 27, 2020. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors associated with anxiety and depression through the HADS scale.ResultsOf the total of 2,464 adults who participated in GreenCOVID Spain, mean age was 38.1 years, 72.6% were female, 58.1% were at risk of anxiety, and 32.3% of depression. In the multivariable logistic regression, the factors associated with risk of anxiety were female: gender, being a student and problems at home. Regarding the risk of depression, the factors most associated were being a student, female gender, problems at home, worse evaluation of views from home and less help from outside views to cope with lockdown.ConclusionsOur findings show that during COVID‐19 pandemic, in addition to sociodemographic factors female gender and being a student, problems at home, lack of natural elements in the home, and worse appreciation of views from home were associated with mental health problems. Thus, housing conditions and access to the natural environment were important for mental health during COVID‐19 lockdown.
Imitation is the sincerest form of institutionalization: Understanding the effects of imitation and competitive pressures on the reporting of sustainable development goals in an international context
Authors: Zampone Giovanni , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Sannino Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCompanies integrate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their sustainability reports for various reasons. This paper examines whether and how imitation and competitive pressures drive the SDG reporting in an international context. Drawing on institutional theory and employing data collected from 36 countries over 6 years (from 2015 to 2020), we found that, at the industry level, the extent of SDG reporting is associated with (a) the average extent of SDG reporting, (b) the extent of SDG reporting of the largest company, and (c) the average extent of SDG reporting of the companies awarded for their sustainability commitments. Additionally, we provide evidence of a positive effect exerted by competitive pressures, as well as evidence that the interaction between various forms of imitation and competition negatively affects SDG reporting. Our results are robust to different subsamples and have key implications for practitioners, regulators, and policymakers.