bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Potentially Avoidable Acute Care Utilization Among Patients Insured by Medicare Advantage vs Traditional Medicare
Authors: Beckman Adam L. , Frakt Austin B. , Duggan Ciara , Zheng Jie , Orav E. John , Tsai Thomas C. , Figueroa Jose F. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceMedicare Advantage plans have strong incentives to reduce potentially wasteful health care, including costly acute care visits for ambulatory care−sensitive conditions (ACSCs). However, it remains unknown whether Medicare Advantage plans lower acute care use compared with traditional Medicare, or if it shifts patients from hospitalization to observation stays and emergency department (ED) direct discharges.ObjectiveTo determine whether Medicare Advantage is associated with differential utilization of hospitalizations, observations, and ED direct discharges for ACSCs compared with traditional Medicare.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional study of US Medicare Advantage vs traditional Medicare beneficiaries from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Poisson regression models were used to compare risk-adjusted rates of Medicare Advantage vs traditional Medicare, controlling for patient demographic characteristics and clinical risk and including county fixed-effects. Data were analyzed between April 2021 and April 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHospitalizations, observation stays, and ED direct discharges for ACSCs.ResultsThe study sample comprised 2 754 630 Medicare Advantage patients (mean [SD] age, 72.9 [9.9] years; 1 549 233 [56.2%] women; 1 926 437 [69.9%] White individuals) and 6 349 693 traditional Medicare patients (mean [SD] age, 72.3 [11.9] years; 3 479 387 [54.8%] women; 5 073 742 [79.9%] White individuals). Medicare Advantage patients had lower risk of hospitalization for ACSCs compared with traditional Medicare patients (relative risk [RR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.91-0.92), primarily owing to fewer hospitalizations for acute conditions (eg, pneumonia). Medicare Advantage patients had a higher risk of ED direct discharges (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.29-1.31) and observation stays (RR, 2.18; 95% CI, 2.15-2.21) for ACSCs vs traditional Medicare patients. Overall, Medicare Advantage patients were at higher risk of needing care for an ACSC (hospitalization, ED direct discharge, or observation stay) than traditional Medicare patients (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.19-1.20). Within the Medicare Advantage population, patients in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) were at lower risk of ACSC-related hospitalization compared with patients in its preferred provider organizations (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.97); however, those in the HMOs had a higher risk of ED direct discharge (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09) and observation stay (overall RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study of Medicare Advantage and traditional Medicare patients with ACSCs indicate that apparent gains in lowering rates of potentially avoidable acute care have been associated with shifting inpatient care to settings such as ED direct discharges and observation stays.
Assessment of Alcohol Exposure From Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Among Premature Infants in Neonatal Incubators in Japan
Authors: Hitaka Daisuke , Fujiyama Satoshi , Nishihama Yukiko , Ishii Ryota , Hoshino Yusuke , Hamada Hiromi , Miyazono Yayoi , Nakayama Shoji F. , Takada Hidetoshi 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceThe risk of premature infants in neonatal incubators exposed to evaporated alcohol from alcohol-based disinfectants (ABDs) is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess alcohol concentrations in the peripheral blood of premature infants and neonatal incubators.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA quality improvement study comparing 2 different populations before and after introduction of ABD practice (ABD-PRAC) was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit of a single tertiary hospital in Japan. Participants included premature infants who were born before 34 weeks of gestational age and received medical care in neonatal incubators. The study consisted of 3 periods: (1) September 1, 2020, to August 1, 2021 (prospective observation of pre–ABD-PRAC, (2) August 2 to August 22, 2021 (introduction of ABD-PRAC to medical staff and parents in the neonatal intensive care unit), and (3) August 23, 2021, to March 31, 2022 (prospective observation of post–ABD-PRAC). No follow-up studies were initiated.InterventionsAn ABD-PRAC that aimed to reduce alcohol evaporation from ABDs inside neonatal incubators was instituted: (1) place alcohol preps in the incubator just before use and remove them from the incubator as soon as possible and (2) withhold placing hands into the incubators until 60 seconds after using ABDs for disinfection (applied only to family members).Main Outcomes and MeasuresBlood alcohol concentration and evaporated alcohol concentrations in neonatal incubators.ResultsDisinfectant practice was assessed among 28 infants during the pre–ABD-PRAC (17 infants [10 girls]; median gestational age at birth, 29.4 [IQR, 26.3-30.3] weeks) and post–ABD-PRAC (11 infants [3 girls]; median gestational age at birth, 30.0 [IQR, 25.3-32.2] weeks) study periods. The median blood alcohol concentration was 7.0 (IQR, 5.4-9.3) mg/dL pre–ABD-PRAC and 4.2 (IQR, 2.5-7.2) mg/dL post–ABD-PRAC. The median evaporated alcohol concentration inside neonatal incubators during pre–ABD-PRAC during the day was 23.6 (IQR, 15.9-36.5) ppm and, at night, was 13.2 (IQR, 8.9-19.4) ppm; during post–ABD-PRAC, the concentration was 9.4 (IQR, 6.0-16.0) ppm during the day and 5.7 (IQR, 3.6-9.7) ppm at night. The introduction of ABD-PRAC at 22 weeks’ corrected gestational age was associated with a lower blood alcohol concentration in premature infants: regression coefficient value, −8.3 (95% CI, −12.0 to −4.7).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, alcohol evaporated from ABDs was absorbed by premature infants in neonatal incubators. The findings suggest that introduction of ABD-PRAC was associated with lower alcohol concentrations in neonatal incubators and in the blood of premature infants.
Photoacoustic imaging of hidden dental caries using visible–light diode laser
Authors: Tasmara Fikhri Astina , Widyaningrum Rini , Setiawan Andreas , Mitrayana Mitrayana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHidden caries is a type of tooth decay that is difficult to identify through visual diagnosis because teeth with hidden caries appear normal on the tooth surface but are damaged underneath.MethodsA photoacoustic imaging system based on visible light using a diode laser with a wavelength of 532 nm was developed to detect hidden caries in teeth.ResultsThe results indicate that the average of acoustic intensity level for healthy teeth is −74.2 ± 0.1 dB, and the average of acoustic intensity range for teeth with hidden caries is −81.2 ± 0.5 dB. The intensity level for the caries area varies depending on the severity of caries.ConclusionBased on the acoustic intensity level measured by the interaction of teeth with laser light, the photoacoustic imaging system in the study can accurately detect the presence of hidden caries and recognize the difference between caries teeth and healthy teeth. This research can be developed into a prototype of a simple device that makes it easy to operate in dental practice.
Wind turbine emulator control improvement using nonlinear PI controller for wind energy conversion system: Design and real‐time implementation
Authors: Hazzab Abdeldjebar , Gouabi Hicham , Habbab Mohamed , Rezkallah Miloud , Ibrahim Hussein , Chandra Ambrish 
Published: February 2023

SummaryWind turbine emulators (WTE) have become a necessity for testing, developing, and improving design and control strategies in the renewable energy domain. The aim of this paper is to realize an experimental standalone wind energy conversion system emulator (WECSE) with improved torque and current control strategy using a nonlinear PI controller. The prototype was developed with a separately excited DC motor to simulate the wind turbine by providing the required speed and torque for power generation using a directly driven wound‐rotor synchronous generator and a power conversion system controlled by a modified drift‐free Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm (MPPT). The DC motor torque is controlled by an nonlinear PI controller regulator for an estimated current reference through a chopper driven by a dSPACE control board where the MATLAB/Simulink platform is used for wind turbine simulation. The proposed method was validated by experimental tests for different wind speeds and was compared with the conventional method. The experimental results have demonstrated that the control, emulation, and MPPT performances of the proposed method are significantly better.
Finite‐time adaptive quantized control of stochastic nonstrict‐feedback constrained nonlinear systems with multiple unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Chen Penghao , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei 
Published: February 2023

SummaryIn this article, a finite‐time adaptive quantized dynamic surface control problem is solved for stochastic partially nonaffine nonstrict‐feedback constrained nonlinear systems with multiple unmodeled dynamics. Firstly, a variable energy function is built to handle the stochastic state unmodeled dynamics under nonstrict‐feedback structure, and a normalized signal is employed to process the input unmodeled dynamics. Furthermore, a specific transformation technique is introduced to keep all states in a predefined asymmetric dynamic constrained region. Compared with the existing results, it not only avoids the circular argument, and also relaxes the condition of the constraint function. Then, the nonlinear function is approximated with the linearly parameterized neural networks. Subsequently, in order to make the tracking error reach a steady state in the finite time, with the help of the properties of the Gaussian function and dynamic surface control technique, a novel finite‐time adaptive quantized controller is designed to ensure that all error signals are semi‐globally practical finite‐time stable and all states obey stochastic probabilistic constraints. Numerical simulation examples are provided to verify the theoretical results obtained.
Strong Electronic Interaction between Amorphous MnO2 Nanosheets and Ultrafine Pd Nanoparticles toward Enhanced Oxygen Reduction and Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Jiali , Yuan Hongjie , Liu Fan , Hu Tianjun , Yang Benqun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStrengthening the interface interaction between metal and support is an efficient strategy to improve the intrinsic activity and reduce the amount of noble metal. Amorphization of support is an effective approach for enhancing the metal‐support interaction due to the numerous surface defects in amorphous structure. In this work, a Pd/a‐MnO2 electrocatalyst containing ultrafine and well‐dispersive Pd nanoparticles and amorphous MnO2 nanosheets is successfully synthesized via a simple and rapid wet chemical method. Differing from the crystal counterpart (Pd/c‐MnO2), the flexible structure of amorphous support can be more favorable to electron transfer and further enhance the metal‐support interaction. The synergism between Pd and amorphous MnO2 results in the downshift of the d‐band center, which is beneficial for the desorption of critical intermediates both in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and in ethylene glycol oxidation (EGOR). Due to the lower *.OH desorption energy of Pd/a‐MnO2 surface, the rapid dissociation of *OH from Pd facilitates the formation of H2O in ORR, thus demonstrating superior ORR performance comparable to Pt/C. For EGOR, the presence of amorphous MnO2 promotes the formation of adsorbed OH species, which accelerates the desorption of intermediate CO from Pd sites, and thus exhibits excellent EGOR activity and stability.
3D Polydentate Complexing Agents for Passivating Defects and Modulating Crystallinity for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Congcong , Su Haijun , Pu Yu , Guo Min , Zhai Peng , Liu Lin , Fu Hengzhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe grain boundaries (GBs)/surface defects within perovskite film directly impede the further improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, 3D phytic acid (PA) and phytic acid dipotassium (PAD) with polydentate are explored to synchronously passivate the defects of perovskite absorber directly in multiple spatial directions. The strong electron‐donating groups (H2PO4) in the PA molecule afford six anchor sites to bind firmly with uncoordinated Pb2+ at the GBs/surface and modulate perovskite crystallization, thus enhancing the quality of perovskite film. Particularly, PAD containing an additional (K→PO) push–pull structure promotes the dominant coordination of phosphate group (PO) with Pb2+ and passivates halide anion defects due to the complexation of potassium ions (K+) with iodide ions (I‐). Consequently, the PAD‐complexed PSCs deliver a champion PCE of 23.18%, which is remarkably higher than that of the control device (19.94%). Meanwhile, PAD‐complexed PSCs exhibit superior moisture and thermal stability, remaining 79% of their initial PCE after 1000 h under continuous illumination, while the control device remain only 48% of their PCE after 1000 h. This work provides important insights into designing multifunctional 3D passivators for the purpose of simultaneously enhancing the efficiency and stability of devices.
Glyphosate Adsorption from Water Using Hierarchically Porous Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Naghdi Shaghayegh , Brown Emily , Zendehbad Mohammad , Duong Ann , Ipsmiller Wolfgang , Biswas Santu , Toroker Maytal Caspary , Kazemian Hossein , Eder Dominik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe selective removal of one ligand in mixed‐ligand MOFs upon thermolysis provides a powerful strategy to introduce additional mesopores without affecting the overall MOF structure. By varying the initial ligand ratio, MOFs of the MIL‐125‐Ti family with two distinct hierarchical pore architectures are synthesized, resembling either large cavities or branching fractures. The performance of the resulting hierarchically porous MOFs is evaluated toward the adsorptive removal of glyphosate (N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine) from water, and the adsorption kinetics and mechanism are examined. Due to their strong affinity for phosphoric groups, the numerous Ti–OH groups resulting from the selective ligand removal act as natural anchor points for effective glyphosate uptake. The relationships between contact duration, glyphosate concentration, and adsorbent dosage are investigated, and the impact of these parameters on the effectiveness of glyphosate removal from contaminated water samples is examined. The introduction of additional mesopores has increased the adsorption capacities by nearly 3 times with record values exceeding 440.9 mg g−1, which ranks these MOFs among the best‐reported adsorbents.
Plasma Enhanced Lithium Coupled with Cobalt Fibers Arrays for Advanced Energy Storage
Authors: Qiu Zhong , Shen Shenghui , Liu Ping , Li Chen , Zhong Yu , Su Han , Xu Xueer , Zhang Yongqi , Cao Feng , Noori Abolhassan , Mousavi Mir F. , Chen Minghua , He Xinping , Xia Xinhui , Xia Yang , Zhang Wenkui , Tu Jiangping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConstruction of high efficiency and stable Li metal anodes is extremely vital to the breakthrough of Li metal batteries. In this study, for the first time, groundbreaking in situ plasma interphase engineering is reported to construct high‐quality lithium halides‐dominated solid electrolyte interphase layer on Li metal to stabilize & protect the anode. Typically, SF6 plasma‐induced sulfured and fluorinated interphase (SFI) is composed of LiF and Li2S, interwoven with each other to form a consecutive solid electrolyte interphase. Simultaneously, brand‐new vertical Co fibers (diameter: ≈5 µm) scaffold is designed via a facile magnetic‐field‐assisted hydrothermal method to collaborate with plasma‐enhanced Li metal anodes (SFI@Li/Co). The Co fibers scaffold accommodates active Li with mechanical integrity and decreases local current density with good lithiophilicity and low geometric tortuosity, supported by DFT calculations and COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. Consequently, the assembled symmetric cells with SFI@Li/Co anodes exhibit superior stability over 525 h with a small voltage hysteresis (125 mV at 5 mA cm−2) and improved Coulombic efficiency (99.7%), much better than the counterparts. Enhanced electrochemical performance is also demonstrated in full cells with commercial cathodes and SFI@Li/Co anode. The research offers a new route to develop advanced alkali metal anodes for energy storage.
Dual Active Sites Engineering on Sea Urchin‐Like CoNiS Hollow Nanosphere for Stabilizing Oxygen Electrocatalysis via a Template‐Free Vulcanization Strategy
Authors: Liu Jin , Meng Xin , Xie Jiahao , Liu Bin , Tang Bo , Wang Rongyue , Wang Cheng , Gu Peng , Song Yidong , Huo Sichen , Zou Jinlong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractManipulating electronic structure and defects is crucial to achieve on‐demand functionalities of bimetallic sulfide catalysts for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER). Here, via a vulcanization strategy, defects‐abundant NiCo2S4 needles obtained from sea urchin‐like NiCo2O4 are anchored on surface of hollow carbon‐sphere (NiCo2S4/HCS). NiCo2S4 nanoneedles (≈7.5 nm) are radially grown on shell of HCS with a cavity (254.5 m2 g−1), and their surface becomes rougher after vulcanization due to anion exchange reaction. As‐marked NiCo2S4/HCS‐3 exhibits better ORR activity (half‐wave potential of 0.89 V) and methanol tolerance than Pt/C (0.86 V). NiCo2S4/HCS‐3 shows a lower OER overpotential (310 mV) than RuO2 and retains 90.9% of initial activity after 9 h. Notably, zinc–air battery with NiCo2S4/HCS‐3 reveals highly‐stable charging/discharging voltages of 2.11/1.16 V with a negligible fading for 200 h. NiCo2S4 grown on outer/inner surfaces of HCS expands spatial distribution of active sites to enhance reactants‐electrode contact and charge transfer. Theoretical calculation shows that Co‐site with an electronic state near Fermi energy level is chiefly‐responsible for ORR, while Ni‐site mainly affords high OER activity. Bader charge analyses reveal that S doping increases the charge density and redox active sites in NiCo2S4. It sheds light on the understanding of electrocatalytic mechanisms on bimetallic sulfides for electronic device.
Interaction Between Prussian Blue Ultrathin Nanosheet and Ammonium Perchlorate for Highly Efficient Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Zhou Peng , Ren Zhuoqun , Tang Xiaolin , Zheng Zeyu , Zhang Kuan , Liao Jun , Zhong Yalan , Zhang Yifu , Huang Chi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCatalytic stability is the prerequisite for the catalyst to achieve high catalytic efficiency. This study finds a new path that Prussian Blue (PB) ultrathin nanosheet assembly material (PB‐NSa) is designed and used to reach efficient catalysis through continuous interaction with ammonium perchlorate (AP, component to be catalyzed). Based on the strong oxidation environment provided by AP, the decomposition of PB occurs in advance, the product Fe2O3 accelerates the decomposition of AP that can release a large amount of gas, then reacts on Fe2O3 and disperses it near the undecomposed AP, finally realizing continuous and efficient catalysis. The results show that under the catalysis of PB‐N, “deactivation” stage of AP thermal decomposition disappears, showing two consecutive exothermic stages, high temperature decomposition peak of AP is reduced to 341.1 °C, the reduction range is 73.1 °C. Combining kinetic calculation and TG‐IR test, it is found that PB‐NSa can keep excellent catalytic stability, which depends on its special structure and interaction with AP. This research provides a design idea for the material to achieve catalytic stability, which will greatly promote its rapid industrialization.
Volumetric Printing of Thiol‐Ene Photo‐Cross‐Linkable Poly(ε‐caprolactone): A Tunable Material Platform Serving Biomedical Applications
Authors: Thijssen Quinten , Quaak Astrid , Toombs Joseph , De Vlieghere Elly , Parmentier Laurens , Taylor Hayden , Van Vlierberghe Sandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCurrent thoroughly described biodegradable and cross‐linkable polymers mainly rely on acrylate cross‐linking. However, despite the swift cross‐linking kinetics of acrylates, the concomitant brittleness of the resulting materials limits their applicability. Here, photo‐cross‐linkable poly(ε‐caprolactone) networks through orthogonal thiol‐ene chemistry are introduced. The step‐growth polymerized networks are tunable, predictable by means of the rubber elasticity theory and it is shown that their mechanical properties are significantly improved over their acrylate cross‐linked counterparts. Tunability is introduced to the materials, by altering Mc (or the molar mass between cross‐links), and its effect on the thermal properties, mechanical strength and degradability of the materials is evaluated. Moreover, excellent volumetric printability is illustrated and the smallest features obtained via volumetric 3D‐printing to date are reported, for thiol‐ene systems. Finally, by means of in vitro and in vivo characterization of 3D‐printed constructs, it is illustrated that the volumetrically 3D‐printed materials are biocompatible. This combination of mechanical stability, tunability, biocompatibility, and rapid fabrication by volumetric 3D‐printing charts a new path toward bedside manufacturing of biodegradable patient‐specific implants.
Intrinsic Anti‐Freezing and Unique Phosphorescence of Glassy Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Stiffness and Toughness at Low Temperatures
Authors: Hou Li Xin , Ju Huaqiang , Hao Xing Peng , Zhang Haoke , Zhang Lei , He Zhiyuan , Wang Jianjun , Zheng Qiang , Wu Zi Liang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost hydrogels become frozen at subzero temperatures, leading to degraded properties and limited applications. Cryoprotectants are massively employed to improve anti‐freezing property of hydrogels; however, there are accompanied disadvantages, such as varied networks, reduced mechanical properties, and the risk of cryoprotectant leakage in aqueous conditions. Reported here is the glassy hydrogel having intrinsic anti‐freezing capacity and excellent optical and mechanical properties at ultra‐low temperatures. Supramolecular hydrogel of poly(acrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) with moderate water content (≈50 wt.%) and dense hydrogen‐bond associations is in a glassy state at room temperature. Since hydrogen bonds become strengthened as the temperature decreases, this gel becomes stronger and stiffer, yet still ductile, with Young's modulus of 900 MPa, tensile strength of 30 MPa, and breaking strain of 35% at −45 °C. This gel retains high transparency even in liquid nitrogen. It also exhibits unique phosphorescence due to presence of carbonyl clusters, which is further enhanced at subzero temperatures. Further investigations elucidate that the intrinsic anti‐freezing property is related to a fact that most water molecules are tightly bound and confined in the glassy matrix and become non‐freezable. This correlation, as validated in several systems, provides a roadmap to develop intrinsic anti‐freezing hydrogels for widespread applications at extreme conditions.
Experimental Observation of a Magnetic Interfacial Effect
Authors: Silva Wibson W. G. , Degiorgi Sérgio V. B. , Holanda José 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA magnetic interfacial effect is observed due to the coupling between two surfaces of different materials. The studied interface is a noncollinear antiferromagnet and a quasi‐ferromagnet. The effect is measured using the ferromagnetic resonance technique without and with electric current and unequivocally proved its existence.