bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrate contamination in drinking water and adverse reproductive and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Luling , St Clair Sophie , Gamble Greg D. , Crowther Caroline A. , Dixon Lesley , Bloomfield Frank H. , Harding Jane E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExposure to low levels of nitrate in drinking water may have adverse reproductive effects. We reviewed evidence about the association between nitrate in drinking water and adverse reproductive outcomes published to November 2022. Randomized trials, cohort or case–control studies published in English that reported the relationship between nitrate intake from drinking water and the risk of perinatal outcomes were included. Random-effect models were used to pool data. Three cohort studies showed nitrate in drinking water is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (odds ratio for 1 mg/L NO3-N increased (OR1) = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00, 1.01, I2 = 23.9%, 5,014,487 participants; comparing the highest versus the lowest nitrate exposure groups pooled OR (ORp) = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01, 1.10, I2 = 0%, 4,152,348 participants). Case–control studies showed nitrate in drinking water may be associated with the increased risk of neural tube defects OR1 = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10; 2 studies, 2196 participants; I2 = 0%; and ORp = 1.51, 95% CI 1.12, 2.05; 3 studies, 1501 participants; I2 = 0%). The evidence for an association between nitrate in drinking water and risk of small for gestational age infants, any birth defects, or any congenital heart defects was inconsistent. Increased nitrate in drinking water may be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and some specific congenital anomalies. These findings warrant regular review as new evidence becomes available.
Simplifying the detection and monitoring of protein glycosylation during in vitro glycoengineering
Authors: Saunders Matthew J. , Woods Robert J. , Yang Loretta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe majority of mammalian proteins are glycosylated, with the glycans serving to modulate a wide range of biological activities. Variations in protein glycosylation can have dramatic effects on protein stability, immunogenicity, antibody effector function, pharmacological safety and potency, as well as serum half-life. The glycosylation of therapeutic biologicals is a critical quality attribute (CQA) that must be carefully monitored to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. Notably, many factors can affect the composition of the glycans during glycoprotein production, and variations in glycosylation are among the leading causes of pharmaceutical batch rejection. Currently, the characterization of protein glycosylation relies heavily on methods that employ chromatography and/or mass spectrometry, which require a high level of expertise, are time-consuming and costly and, because they are challenging to implement during in-process biologics production or during in vitro glycan modification, are generally performed only post-production. Here we report a simplified approach to assist in monitoring glycosylation features during glycoprotein engineering, that employs flow cytometry using fluorescent microspheres chemically coupled to high-specificity glycan binding reagents. In our GlycoSense method, a range of carbohydrate-sensing microspheres with distinct optical properties may be combined into a multiplex suspension array capable of detecting multiple orthogonal glycosylation features simultaneously, using commonplace instrumentation, without the need for glycan release. The GlycoSense method is not intended to replace more detailed post-production glycan profiling, but instead, to complement them by potentially providing a cost-effective, rapid, yet robust method for use at-line as a process analytic technology (PAT) in a biopharmaceutical workflow or at the research bench. The growing interest in using in vitro glycoengineering to generate glycoproteins with well-defined glycosylation, provides motivation to demonstrate the capabilities of the GlycoSense method, which we apply here to monitor changes in the protein glycosylation pattern (GlycoPrint) during the in vitro enzymatic modification of the glycans in model glycoproteins.
Screening for in vitro systematic reviews: a comparison of screening methods and training of a machine learning classifier
Authors: Wilson Emma , Cruz Florenz , Maclean Duncan , Ghanawi Joly , McCann Sarah K. , Brennan Paul M. , Liao Jing , Sena Emily S. , Macleod Malcolm 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective: Existing strategies to identify relevant studies for systematic review may not perform equally well across research domains. We compare four approaches based on either human or automated screening of either title and abstract or full text, and report the training of a machine learning algorithm to identify in vitro studies from bibliographic records. Methods: We used a systematic review of oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) in PC-12 cells to compare approaches. For human screening, two reviewers independently screened studies based on title and abstract or full text, with disagreements reconciled by a third. For automated screening, we applied text mining to either title and abstract or full text. We trained a machine learning algorithm with decisions from 2000 randomly selected PubMed Central records enriched with a dataset of known in vitro studies. Results: Full-text approaches performed best, with human (sensitivity: 0.990, specificity: 1.000 and precision: 0.994) outperforming text mining (sensitivity: 0.972, specificity: 0.980 and precision: 0.764). For title and abstract, text mining (sensitivity: 0.890, specificity: 0.995 and precision: 0.922) outperformed human screening (sensitivity: 0.862, specificity: 0.998 and precision: 0.975). At our target sensitivity of 95% the algorithm performed with specificity of 0.850 and precision of 0.700. Conclusion: In this in vitro systematic review, human screening based on title and abstract erroneously excluded 14% of relevant studies, perhaps because title and abstract provide an incomplete description of methods used. Our algorithm might be used as a first selection phase in in vitro systematic reviews to limit the extent of full text screening required.
Quantifying Spatial and Temporal Variability of Clear and Loud Speech Produced While Performing a Concurrent Visuomotor Task
Authors: Whitfield Jason A. , Kriegel Zoe , Fullenkamp Adam M. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this research note was to quantify the impact of concurrent performance of an attention-demanding secondary task on utterance-to-utterance movement variability associated with higher effort speaking styles, namely, clear and loud speech.

Method:
Lip and jaw kinematics collected as part of a prior study were analyzed. Participants repeated “Buy Bobby a puppy” using habitual, loud, and clear speech styles in isolation and while performing a secondary tracking task. The lip aperture (LA) signal was segmented based on opening and closing gestures associated with the utterance. The standard deviation of each segment duration was calculated to quantify temporal variability. To quantify spatial variability, each segment was first time normalized. The mean standard deviation of the overlapping time-normalized LA amplitudes was computed for each segment from the repetitions produced in each speech style and condition (speaking in isolation vs. speaking while tracking). A relative measure of spatial variation was also computed to account for the potential impact of articulatory scaling.

Results:
Clear speech was associated with greater temporal and spatial variability than the habitual and loud styles. In the habitual style, talkers also exhibited a slight reduction in absolute spatial variability when speaking while tracking compared to speaking in isolation. The reduction in absolute spatial variability was likely associated with the concomitant reduction in LA range of motion, as there was no change in the relative spatial variability between conditions.

Conclusion:
The current investigation expands prior work by quantifying spatial and temporal characteristics of different speaking styles performed in isolation and while concurrently performing an attention-demanding visuomotor task.
Self-Efficacy for Clinical Tasks Among Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students
Authors: Morris Richard J. , Constantino Christopher , Metzler Emma 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the first semester of a speech-language pathology (SLP) graduate program on the level of student self-efficacy for a set of clinical tasks across a variety of communication disorders.

Method:
In this study, 60 SLP graduate students participated. They were in two sections of a required first-semester course at a single university. They completed a custom-made self-efficacy scale at the beginning and end of their first semester of graduate school. The self-efficacy scale was administered as a Qualtrics survey, with participant ratings of 14 clinical skills for 12 communication disorders. As part of both administrations of the survey, the participants also provided their number of evaluation and treatment observation hours as well as their evaluation and treatment practicum hours. Descriptive statistics and mixed-effects regression models were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The data indicated that a semester of graduate school and clinical practice increased the students' self-efficacy across all 12 communication disorders. The regression analysis confirmed that all of the clinical tasks differed significantly by when the survey was completed, with the higher self-efficacy scores occurring at the end of the semester. It also revealed that student self-efficacy scores increased by 1 point with each clinical diagnostic hour the students completed.

Conclusions:
Completing a semester of graduate school resulted in increased self-efficacy in this group of students. The increased self-efficacy spread across a range of disorder types and across a variety of evaluation and treatment tasks.
Optimisation of the dual‐contra‐rotating motor dependent on propulsion characteristics of underwater vehicles
Authors: Ou Huanyu , Cheng Bo , Hu Yuli , Mao Zhaoyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a dependent optimisation (DO) method for the dual‐contra‐rotating motor to improve the full‐cycle efficiency and increase the space utilizstion rate of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Particularly, using the DO not only improves the efficiency of the machine at low speed and high speed, but also reduces its total weight by 6.2%, which is beneficial to the heavy‐buoyancy matching and range improvement of the AUV. Moreover, the dependent optimized machine can leave about 5.5 L more space for other AUV systems. Firstly, the geometric constraints and the load characteristics of the dual‐contra‐rotating motor are presented. Based on the analytical model of the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic performance, this paper compares two analytical optimization methods for the machine. One is the independent optimization, that is, the geometric association between the dual‐contra‐rotating motors and the AUV is not considered in the optimization process. The other is DO, which considers the geometric association in the optimization process. After verifying the electromagnetic performance and temperature field with the FEA method, the dual‐contra‐rotating motor prototype was developed. Finally, the consistency of the optimization results and the prototype is verified through experiments.
Optimal operation of active distribution networks hosting hybrid hydrogen‐electricity refuelling stations considering water demand under a stochastic‐IGDT approach
Authors: Pezhmani Yasin , Oskouei Morteza Zare , Rezaei Navid , Mehrjerdi Hasan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with the real‐time optimal operation of active distribution networks (ADNs) hosting hybrid hydrogen‐electricity refuelling stations by benefiting from renewable energy sources (RESs), conversion facilities, and energy storage systems. The hybrid refuelling stations, which are controlled by ADN operator, supply electricity and hydrogen for electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen vehicles (HVs), respectively. In addition, the deployment of water equipment technologies in the ADNs, is considered by utilizing water well pumps in the hybrid stations to serve water demand. The principal aim is to minimize the expected operation cost, including the cost of purchasing power from the upstream grid and maintenance and operation costs of each hybrid refuelling station. Various technical and physical constraints are considered to ensure the reliable operation and realistic scheduling of ADNs in the presence of hybrid refuelling stations. This study employs a hybrid information gap decision theory (IGDT)‐stochastic approach to address the uncertain behaviour of wholesale market price, electricity demand of EVs in refuelling stations, RESs output power and nodal demand of ADN to reach a risk‐averse strategy. The developed approach is coded under GAMS software and the effectiveness of the approach is validated by testing on the modified IEEE 33‐bus test system.
Toward a population synthesis of disks and planets
Authors: Emsenhuber Alexandre , Burn Remo , Weder Jesse , Monsch Kristina , Picogna Giovanni , Ercolano Barbara , Preibisch Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Aims. We want to find the distribution of initial conditions that best reproduces disc observations at the population level.
Methods. We first ran a parameter study using a 1D model that includes the viscous evolution of a gas disc, dust, and pebbles, coupled with an emission model to compute the millimetre flux observable with ALMA. This was used to train a machine learning surrogate model that can compute the relevant quantity for comparison with observations in seconds. This surrogate model was used to perform parameter studies and synthetic disc populations.
Results. Performing a parameter study, we find that internal photoevaporation leads to a lower dependency of disc lifetime on stellar mass than external photoevaporation. This dependence should be investigated in the future. Performing population synthesis, we find that under the combined losses of internal and external photoevaporation, discs are too short lived.
Conclusions. To match observational constraints, future models of disc evolution need to include one or a combination of the following processes: infall of material to replenish the discs, shielding of the disc from internal photoevaporation due to magnetically driven disc winds, and extinction of external high-energy radiation. Nevertheless, disc properties in low-external-photoevaporation regions can be reproduced by having more massive and compact discs. Here, the optimum values of the α viscosity parameter lie between 3 × 10−4 and 10−3 and with internal photoevaporation being the main mode of disc dispersal.
Narrowing the allowed mass range of ultralight bosons with the S2 star
Authors: Della Monica Riccardo , de Martino Ivan 
Published: January 2023

Aims.It is well known thatN-body simulations of ultralight bosons display the formation of a solitonic dark matter core in the innermost part of the halo. The scale-length of such a soliton depends on the inverse of the mass of the boson. On the other hand, the orbital motion of stars in the Galactic Center depends on the distribution of matter, no matter whether it is baryonic or dark, providing an excellent probe for the gravitational field of the region. In this Letter, we propose the S-stars in the Galactic Center as a new observational tool, complementary to other astrophysical systems, to narrow down the range of allowed values for an ultralight dark matter candidate boson mass.Methods.We built mock catalogs mirroring the forthcoming astrometric and spectroscopic observations of S2 and we used a MCMC analysis to predict the accuracy down to which the mass of an ultralight boson may be bounded. We show that once complementary constraints are considered, this analysis will help to restrict the allowed range of the boson mass.Results.Our analysis forecasts the boundary limit on the mass of an ultralight boson to be < 10−19eV at a 95% confidence level.
Space Debris Laser Ranging with range-gate-free Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Li Yuqiang , Li Zhulian , Pi Xiaoyu , Yang Yongzhang , Tang Rufeng 
Published: January 2023

Space Debris Laser Ranging (DLR) is a technique to measure range to defunct satellites, rocket bodies or other space targets in orbits around Earth. The analysis shows that one of the reasons for the low success probability of DLR is the inaccurate orbital prediction of targets. Then it is proposed to use the Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD) running in automatic-recoverable range-gate-free mode, in which case, the effect of the accuracy of the target’s orbital prediction on the success probability of DLR is greatly reduced. In this way, 249 space debris were successfully detected and 532 passes of data were obtained. The smallest target detected was the space-debris (902) with an orbital altitude of about 1000 km and a Radar Cross Section (RCS) of 0.0446 m2. The farthest target detected was the space-debris (12,445) with a large elliptical orbit and an RCS of 18.2505 m2, of which the range of the normal point (NPT) of the measured arc-segment on January 27, 2019 was 6260.805 km.
Is the Right to Vote Equal to Democracy? — An Analysis of Substantive and Procedural Democracy in the United States
Authors: Ma Hongtao , Liang Yudi , Wan Jiayi 
Published: January 2023

In modern political society, democracy remains a universal concept. However, different ideologies still have their own views on the concrete realization form of democracy. Nowadays, the understandings of the concept of democracy in the United States and its democratic values have become the mainstream of Western society, and their historical value and role should not be ignored. However, the practice of this democratic system has differed from true democracy and has gradually manifested political confusion.
Firstly, this paper introduces the development of democracy and electoral system, and explains that the initial meaning of Western democracy is institutional democracy, namely procedural democracy, which is not the same as what we think of popular sovereignty today, and that the development course of Western democracy is also the expansion process of procedural justice. Then, constructivism theory is used to discuss the proceduralized process of substantive democracy and to explain the relationship between procedural justice and substantive democracy. Finally, through a specific analysis of the evolution and practice of the democratic electoral system in the United States, it concludes that the development of American democracy focuses only on expanding the scope of procedural democracy, but neglects the development of substantive democracy. For this reason, it explores the problems existing in American democracy.
Surgical Treatment of Deep Endometriosis
Authors: Frumkin Nora , Schmädecker Rasmus , Isermann Ricarda , Keckstein Jörg , Ulrich Uwe Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn deep endometriosis (DE), clusters of endometrium-like cells penetrate more than 5 mm below the peritoneum: The affected organs and tissue structures can eventuate in an alteration of the
anatomy with eliminated organ boundaries, which in some cases can pose a real surgical challenge, even for experienced surgeons. A comprehensive description of the different manifestations
of the disease can be found in the #Enzian classification. Since the operation is usually the foundation for the successful treatment of DE, what is important are conclusive indications,
appropriate preoperative preparation and, above all, appropriate experience on the part of the surgical team. This article aims to provide a review of the surgical options that are currently
available.
The Posttraumatic Impact of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Both Women and Men
Authors: Kuhlmann Emily , Scharli Pauline , Schick Maren , Ditzen Beate , Langer Laila , Strowitzki Thomas , Wischmann Tewes , Kuon Ruben-J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction Recurrent pregnancy loss is usually associated with significant psychological distress for both partners of the couple. It may act as a traumatic experience resulting in
a posttraumatic stress disorder. The object of this study is to examine the posttraumatic impact of recurrent pregnancy loss on men and women and their interdependencies.
Methods Cross-sectional study. All couples referred to the special unit for recurrent pregnancy loss between March 2019 and October 2020 were asked to participate with a sample size
of 105 couples and 17 women. They were invited to complete a questionnaire package estimating the prevalence of posttraumatic stress, with anxiety, depression, lack of social support and
dysfunctional coping strategies as contributing risk factors. Couple data were analysed with the Actor Partner Interdependence Model, taking the couple as a dyad.
Results The response rate was 82.3 percent, with posttraumatic stress being measured in 13.7% of the women versus 3.9% of the men (p = 0.017). For women, number of curettages,
controlled for the number of losses, correlated with the severity of posttraumatic stress (p < 0.05). Higher levels of anxiety, depression and lack of social support in women correlated
positively with posttraumatic stress in their partners. The men’s coping strategy “trivialization and wishful thinking” as well as “avoidance” correlated with more severe posttraumatic
stress in the female partners (both p < 0.05).
Conclusion The posttraumatic risks within a couple with recurrent pregnancy loss are interdependent. Recurrent pregnancy loss clinics should assess posttraumatic risks of both
partners in their routine diagnostic process.
A Study to Explore the Role of IDH1 (R132) Mutation on Imatinib Toxicity and Effect of ABCG2/OCT1 Expression on N-Desmethyl Imatinib Plasma Level in Egyptian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Sabri Alaa , Omran Mervat M. , Azim S.Abdel , Abdelfattah Raafat , Allam Rasha Mahmoud , Shouman Samia A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImatinib mesylate (IM) is the gold standard for treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). This study aimed to gain more knowledge of the altered PK, pharmacogenetic factors, and gene expression leading to variable IM levels. Fifty patients with chronic phase-CML were enrolled in this study and divided as 25 responders and 25 non-responders (patients are directly recruited after response assessment). HPLC/MS/MS was used to determine trough and peak concentration of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib in the blood. PCR-RFLP technique was used to detect IDH1 gene mutation (R132). The median value of IM trough level was significantly higher, the P/T ratio was significantly lower and the α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) was significantly higher among responders compared to non-responders (P=0.007, 0.009 and 0.048, respectively). Higher N-desmethyl imatinib peak plasma concentration was observed with low mRNA expression of ABCG2 and OCT1 (P=0.01 and 0.037, respectively). IDH1 R132 gene mutation was associated with a significant increase in toxicities (P=0.028). In conclusion, IM trough level, P/T ratio and AGP was significantly higher in responders. In addition, ABCG2 and OCT1 gene expression may affect the interindividual PK variation. Although a prospective study with a larger patient population is necessary to validate these findings. IDH1 mutation is a predictor of increased toxicity with IM treatment.