bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing factors influencing students’ perceptions towards animal species conservation
Authors: Mota Pereira Heliene , Braga-Pereira Franciany , Azeredo Luane Maria Melo , Lopez Luiz Carlos Serramo , Romeu Nóbrega Alves Rômulo 
Published: January 2023

Background
The way humans perceive and interact with non-human animals is particular to each person, from antipathetic interactions evidenced by fear, aversion or repulsion, to empathy evidenced by feelings of affection, enchantment and interest in the animal. In this sense, herein we investigated the perception of university students about species belonging to different classes of wild vertebrates and the influence of social and educational factors on that.

Methods
Data were obtained through online forms answered by 700 university students from nine Brazilian states, 328 females and 372 males, aged between 18 and 65 years. The form had eight sentences to be answered in relation to 17 species of wild vertebrates. The agreement level for each of these sentences was to be indicated using a five-point Likert scale. The sentences were designed to assess aesthetic, risk, utilitarian, and preservation perceptions attributed to each species by students.

Results
We found that species perceived as useful by the students are generally also perceived as beautiful and as those that should be preserved. On the other hand, we found similarity between the species perceived as ugly and those that should not be preserved; and between the species perceived as harmful and those considered dangerous. Female and lower-income students more often agree that animals are harmful. We found that perceptions of danger in relation to animals were predominantly associated with younger respondents. However, this did not lead to less support for conservation among these students, as students of all age groups agree that species should be preserved. Our results show that students’ knowledge area was an important predictor associated with empathetic and antipathetic perceptions. Environmental area students showed greater empathy in all analyzed categories (beauty, usefulness, harmlessness, and preservation) than non-environmental areas students. On the other hand, students from the area of the exact sciences showed greater dislike in all analyzed categories than students from other areas. We found a strong relationship between the areas “Environmental” and “Humanities, Languages and Arts” for the attitudinal factors associated with utility and preservation, suggesting a similar empathetic worldview for students in these areas.

Conclusions
We found that the perception directed towards wild vertebrates varies according to the gender, age, income and study area of the students, in addition to the taxon considered. Finally, our results indicate that negative perceptions should be taken into account in environmental education efforts, educational policies and in planning fauna conservation plans which should incorporate the most diverse audiences, and not only encompass charismatic species but extend to animals that arouse great aversion from the part of people.
Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms and their association with food habit domestication traits and growth traits in largemouth bass fry (Micropterus salmoides) based on PCR-RFLP method
Authors: Cui Jiao , Jiang Zhou , Wang Zerui , Shao Jiaqi , Dong Chuanju , Wang Lei , Li Xuejun , Du Jinxing , Li Shengjie , Qiao Zhigang , Zhang Meng 
Published: January 2023

Background
The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), an economically important freshwater fish species widely farmed in China, is traditionally cultured using a diet of forage fish. However, given the global decline in forage fish fisheries and increasing rates of waterbody pollution and disease outbreaks during traditional culturing, there is a growing trend of replacing forage fish with formulated feed in the largemouth bass breeding industry. The specific molecular mechanisms associated with such dietary transition in this fish are, nevertheless, poorly understood.

Methods
To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to food habit domestication traits and growth traits in largemouth bass fry, we initially genotyped fry using eight candidate SNPs based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, with genetic parameters being determined using Popgen32 and Cervus 3.0. Subsequently, we assessed the associations between food habit domestication traits of largemouth bass fry and these SNPs using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Furthermore, we used a general linear model to assess the relationships between the growth traits of largemouth bass fry and these SNPs. The Pearson correlation coefficient between growth traits and the SNPs was also determined using bivariate correlation analysis in IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Finally, the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by the SNPs was calculated by regression analysis in Microsoft Excel.

Results
The genotyping results obtained based on PCR-RFLP analysis were consistent with those of direct sequencing. Five SNPs (SNP01, SNP02, SNP04, SNP05, and SNP06) were found to be significantly correlated with the food habit domestication traits of fry (P < 0.05); SNP01 (P = 0.0011) and SNP04 (P = 0.0055) particularly, had showed highly significant associations. With respect to growth traits, we detected significant correlations with the two SNPs (SNP01 and SNP07) (P < 0.05), with SNP01 being significantly correlated with body length, and height (P < 0.05), and SNP07 being significantly correlated with body height only (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that the PCR-RFLP can be used as a low-cost genotyping method to identify SNPs related to food habit domestication and growth traits in largemouth bass, and that these trait-related SNPs might provide a molecular basis for the future breeding of new varieties of largemouth bass.
Novel ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate rich Kaempferia galanga (L.) essential oil and its pharmacological applications: special emphasis on anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, α-amylase inhibitory, and genotoxic efficiencies
Authors: Begum Twahira , Gogoi Roktim , Sarma Neelav , Pandey Sudin Kumar , Lal Mohan 
Published: January 2023

Background
Kaempferia galanga (L.) is one of the prospective therapeutic plants with an aromatic rhizome, and belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. This herb is commonly used by local practitioners in traditional Asian medicine.

Methods
In the present investigation, the novel Kaempferia galanga rhizome essential oil rich in ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate (EMCKG) was evaluated using GC/MS for chemical composition analysis. EMCKG was analyzed for its possible antimicrobial, neurodegenerative inhibitory, acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities as well as for the genotoxic effects using the standard methodologies. ANOVA and post hoc was performed to test the statistical significance of the study.

Results
GC/MS analysis identified ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate as the major component of EMCKG essential oil with an area percentage of 66.39%. The EMCKG exhibited moderate (DPPH assay IC50 = 15.64 ± 0.263 µg/mL; ABTS assay IC50 = 16.93 ± 0.228 µg/mL) antioxidant activity than standard ascorbic acid (DPPH assay IC50 = 21.24 ± 0.413 µg/mL; ABTS assay IC50 = 21.156 ± 0.345 µg/mL). Similarly, EMCKG showed comparable activity in albumin denaturation (IC50 = 2.93 ± 0.59 µg/mL) and protease inhibitor assay (IC50 = 17.143 ± 0.506 µg/mL) to that of standard sodium diclofenac (IC50 = 23.87 ± 0.729 µg/mL and IC50 = 19.18 ± 0.271 µg/mL, respectively). The EMCKG exhibited a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity pattern with the highest inhibitory activity at 500 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and considerable anticholinesterase activities (IC50 = 21.94 ± 0.109 µg/mL) compared to the standard galanthamine (IC50 = 27.18 ± 0.511 µg/mL). EMCKG also showed strong anti-diabetic activity (IC50 = 18.503 ± 0.480 µg/mL) and anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 14.756 ± 0.325 µg/mL) as compared to the standards used (acarbose IC50 = 20.39 ± 0.231 µg/mL and kojic acid IC50 = 17.73 ± 0.192 µg/mL) in the study. Genotoxicity analysis of EMCKG revealed that at 1 µg/mL concentration has no toxic effects in mitosis of Allium cepa roots (Mitotic Index MI = 13.56% and chromosomal aberration CA = 07.60%). The ANOVA confirmed that except for the anticholinesterase activity, there is insignificant difference for essential oil and standards used for all the other bioactivities thus confirming their interchangeable applicability.

Conclusions
Current research provides the basis for the fact that besides being a rich source of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, EMCKG has the potential for future formulation and development of an inexpensive skin-care agent and for the preparation of anti-diabetic drugs.
Nutraceutical Role of Honey and Garlic (Allium sativum) on Haematological and Plasma-Antioxidant Profile of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Edeh I. C. , Olise C. S. , Ononye B. U. , Ikechukwu C. C. , Nwankwo C. G. , Okoli I. K. 
Published: January 2023

Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of honey and garlic (Allium sativum) in five different dietary inclusions on the blood and plasma-antioxidant profile of Clarias gariepinus.
Methodology: Five treatments; control T1 (0%), T2 (0.5% honey), T3 (1% honey), T4 (0.5% garlic), and T5 (1% honey) were designed for a 30-days study. The garlic (powder form) and honey were incorporated into the feed by firstly mixing it with water in a 2:1 ratio and sprayed over the feed (kg) and sundried before feeding it to the fish.
Results: The results indicated a significant difference (P < .05) in the haematological profile of the T2-T5 treatment groups compared to the T1 control group, except for neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. It was noted that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels showed a significant difference (P < .05). However, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), showed an insignificant variation (P > .05).
Conclusion: The results indicated that honey and garlic increased the haematological and antioxidant indices of the supplemented groups (T2-T5) compared with the control group (T1). As a result, the study suggests the use of honey and garlic in aquaculture should be adopted to boost fish well-being.
Polymorphism Evaluation of TLR2 Gene Associated with Endometritis Infection in Buffalo Reared in Egypt
Authors: Mossallam Ahlam A. Abou , Osman Noha M. , Othman Othman E. , Mahfouz Eman R. 
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within TLRs have a potential impact on the alteration of susceptibility or resistance to inflammatory diseases. This work focused on a case-control study for the distribution of SNPs in TLR2 gene to test their role for endometritis occurrence in river buffalo.
Materials and Methods: Egyptian buffaloes from the slaughterhouse were tested, where forty samples divided into apparently healthy uteri (20n) and clinically infected ones (20n) were used to detect the genetic association between TLR2 gene SNPs and endometritis disease.
Results: Nineteen novel polymorphic sites were identified. Three SNPs were found to be statistically significant. AA genotype at 5`UTR and CC genotype at the coding region had significant association with susceptibility to endometritis, while GG genotype at 5`UTR had significant association with resistance to endometritis. Polyphen 2 analysis revealed three amino acids substitutions in TLR2 protein having potential functional significance. Haplotype reconstruction revealed the statistical significance of haplotype frequencies between cases and controls indicating its association with the occurrence of endometritis.
Conclusions: It is to be concluded that the innate immune activation response may be interfered by the effect of polymorphisms and mutations of TLRs due to the reduction of the protein ability to recognize Pathogen associated Molecular pattern (PAMPs).
Developmental Trend of Hybrid Solar Dryer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Olaoye S. A. , Oyekoge O. O. , Owoseni O. T. , Adesuyi D. O. , Oladele S. O. , Isa J. , Olalusi A. P. 
Published: January 2023

The objective of this paper is to present a review on hybrid solar dryer and its modification for further research. Energy is not evenly distributed in the world, developed countries have more than enough while developing countries are facing it inadequacy. Rural areas where agricultural activities are taking place largely have no access to power supply to power drying equipment. Large amount of farm produce of about 30% were damaged due to lack of drying facilities. This has been resolved with the application of evolution of solar dryer and to a better level, use of hybrid solar dryer of exponential value over open air sun drying. It was found that the drying efficiency of hybrid solar dryer was 35%, while the maximum drying temperature was 80oC. Retention time in drying chamber was found to be between 2 – 3 days, it indicate the sustainability of hybrid solar dryer for drying high moisture farm produce. Various design of solar dryer and hybrid solar dryer were reported in the literature thus for is presented. Hybrid solar dryer could be developed further with the inclusion of dehumidifier as a system aiding drying.
Child Mortality in England During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Odd David , Stoianova Sylvia , Williams Tom , Fleming Peter , Luyt Karen 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceDuring the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, child mortality in England was the lowest on record, but if this trend will continue, or if unrecognized morbidity during the first year of the pandemic will manifest as increased deaths over the next few years is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the risks and patterns of childhood deaths before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study includes all child deaths in England from April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2022.ExposuresThe year of death.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome measure is risk of death.ResultsOf the 9983 child deaths reported during the study period, 9872 (98.8%) were linked to demographic and population data with 3409 deaths (34.5%) between April 2019 and March 2020, 3035 (30.7%) between April 2020 and March 2021, and 3428 (34.7%) between April 2021 and March 2022. Most deaths occurred in children who were younger than 1 year (6257 of 9872 [62.7%]), the majority were male (5534 of 9760 [56.7%]), and lived in an urban area (8766 of 9872 [88.8%]). The risk of death was lower between April 2020 and March 2021 (relative risk [RR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.84-0.93]), but not between April 2021 and March 2022 (RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.95-1.05]) when compared with April 2019 to March 2020. A population attributable risk (PAF) of 4.0% (95% CI, 0.1%-6.8%) suggested fewer deaths occurred during the whole 3-year period than expected. Reductions were seen in risk of dying by infection (PAF, 22.8% [95% CI, 8.2%-37.0%]) and underlying disease (PAF, 13.3% [95% CI, 8.1%-18.8%]), but there was evidence of an increasing risk of death by trauma (PAF, 14.7% [95% CI, 2.9%-25.2%]). Any reduction in the risk of death was greater in rural areas than in urban areas (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.63-0.85] vs RR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.86-0.95]) and was not seen in children older than 9 years.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, there was a significant reduction in all-cause child mortality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021), which returned to close to prepandemic levels the following year (2021-2022). However, there was a net reduction in deaths despite this, with 4% fewer deaths during the 3-year period than would have been expected from the 2019 to 2020 risks. The reductions were largest in rural areas and in children younger than 10 years.
Habitat area and local habitat conditions outweigh fragmentation effects on insect communities in vineyards
Authors: Bosco Laura , Moser Valentin , Jones Mirkka M. , Opedal Øystein , Ovaskainen Otso , Sonja Gerber , Van Klink Roel , Cushman Samuel A. , Arlettaz Raphaël , Jacot Alain 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Fragmentation of habitat, for example by intensive agricultural practices, can be detrimental to local biodiversity. However, it often remains unclear whether such biodiversity declines are caused by loss of habitat area or increased fragmentation, and how habitat quality factors into it. In our study system, vegetated vineyards are typically small, and isolated from one another, potentially limiting the distribution and dispersal of organisms.
In a full‐factorial experiment of a priori selected vegetated vineyard patches of differing size and fragmentation, we aimed to disentangle the effects of habitat area (area of vegetated vineyards), habitat fragmentation (number of vegetated vineyards per 100 ha) and field‐scale ground vegetation density on ground beetle, leafhopper and wild bee communities using a combined framework of multiscale and multispecies modelling (Hierarchical Model of Species Communities).
We demonstrate variable effects of habitat area, fragmentation and local ground vegetation density on the three insect groups: Increased habitat area at fine scales favours higher species richness of leafhoppers, while local vegetation density boosts species richness of both leafhoppers and ground beetles, whereas no community‐level responses were detected for wild bees.
We conclude that increased ground vegetation density at both field and landscape scales (i.e. higher habitat area) favours more diverse and abundant insect communities, while fragmentation effects are highly variable and species specific. In addition, our results highlight that mainly ground beetles and leafhoppers will benefit from simple ground greening measures in vineyards, while for wild bees environmental factors other than the ones tested here may drive community structure.
We recommend increasing the number and area of vegetated vineyards (even at small spatial scales) requiring more nature‐friendly farming practices especially regarding a reduction or renunciation from herbicide applications, while the within‐field vegetation density should optimally be intermediate or high to favour a diverse insect community.
A novel robust progressive cubature Kalman filter with variable step size for inertial navigationsystem/global navigation satellite system tightly coupled navigation
Authors: Fu Hongpo , Cheng Yongmei 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis article investigates the state estimation problem of the nonlinear system with the large process prior uncertainty but high‐accuracy measurement information, the situation is prone to occur in the inertial navigation system (INS)/global navigation satellite system (GNSS) tightly coupled navigation system. Furthermore, the unknown heavy‐tailed measurement noises induced by the inaccurate prior navigation information and random measurement outliers are also considered. Given existing methods such as progressive cubature Kalman filter (PCKF) cannot effectively solve the above issues, a novel robust PCKF with variable step size (RVSS‐PCKF) is proposed. First, a new Gaussian‐uniform‐mixing inverse Gamma (GUMIG) distribution is presented to model the variable step size and measurement noise. Next, the GUMIG distribution is expressed as a hierarchical Gaussian presentation and then RVSS‐PCKF is derived with the help of the variational Bayesian (VB) inference. In the filter, the state, variable step size and noise statistic are jointly estimated by the fixed‐point iterations. Finally, the simulations and real data of the tightly coupled navigation illustrate the superiority of the filter in terms of accuracy and steady‐state performance.
Convective Thermal Metamaterials: Exploring High‐Efficiency, Directional, and Wave‐Like Heat Transfer
Authors: Ju Ran , Xu Guoqiang , Xu Liujun , Qi Minghong , Wang Dong , Cao Pei‐Chao , Xi Rui , Shou Yifan , Chen Hongsheng , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Li Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConvective thermal metamaterials are artificial structures where convection dominates in the thermal process. Due to the field coupling between velocity and temperature, convection provides a new knob for controlling heat transfer beyond pure conduction, thus allowing active and robust thermal modulations. With the introduced convective effects, the original parabolic Fourier heat equation for pure conduction can be transformed to hyperbolic. Therefore, the hybrid diffusive system can be interpreted in a wave‐like fashion, reviving many wave phenomena in dissipative diffusion. Here, recent advancements in convective thermal metamaterials are reviewed and the state‐of‐the‐art discoveries are classified into the following four aspects, enhancing heat transfer, porous‐media‐based thermal effects, nonreciprocal heat transfer, and non‐Hermitian phenomena. Finally, a prospect is cast on convective thermal metamaterials from two aspects. One is to utilize the convective parameter space to explore topological thermal effects. The other is to further broaden the convective parameter space with spatiotemporal modulation and multi‐physical effects.
On the Road to the Frontiers of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review and Outlook of Graphene Anodes
Authors: Bi Jingxuan , Du Zhuzhu , Sun Jinmeng , Liu Yuhang , Wang Ke , Du Hongfang , Ai Wei , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGraphene has long been recognized as a potential anode for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The past decade has witnessed the rapid advancement of graphene anodes, and considerable breakthroughs are achieved so far. In this review, the aim is to provide a research roadmap of graphene anodes toward practical LIBs. The Li storage mechanism of graphene is started with and then the approaches to improve its electrochemical performance are comprehensively summarized. First, morphologically engineered graphene anodes with porous, spheric, ribboned, defective and holey structures display improved capacity and rate performance owing to their highly accessible surface area, interconnected diffusion channels, and sufficient active sites. Surface‐modified graphene anodes with less aggregation, fast electrons/ions transportation, and optimal solid electrolyte interphase are discussed, demonstrating the close connection between the surface structure and electrochemical activity of graphene. Second, graphene derivatives anodes prepared by heteroatom doping and covalent functionalization are outlined, which show great advantages in boosting the Li storage performances because of the additionally introduced defect/active sites for further Li accommodation. Furthermore, binder‐free and free‐standing graphene electrodes are presented, exhibiting great prospects for high‐energy‐density and flexible LIBs. Finally, the remaining challenges and future opportunities of practically available graphene anodes for advanced LIBs are highlighted.