bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Transition from a High-Fat, High-Fructose to a Low-Fat, Low-Fructose Diet Reverses Gains in Bone Mass and Strength
Authors: LITTLE-LETSINGER SARAH E. , LETSINGER AYLAND C. , ELIZONDO JON P. , BREIDENBACH BRIANNE M. , HOGAN HARRY A. , LIGHTFOOT J. TIMOTHY , BLOOMFIELD SUSAN A. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Obesity is thought to negatively impact bone quality and strength despite improving bone mineral density. We hypothesized that 1) continuous consumption of a high-fat, high-sugar (HFS) diet would impair bone quality and strength, and 2) a change from an HFS diet to a low-fat, low-sugar (LFS) would reverse HFS-induced impairments to bone quality and strength.

Methods
Six-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice (n = 10/group) with access to a running wheel were randomized to an LFS diet or an HFS diet with simulated sugar-sweetened beverages (20% fructose in place of regular drinking water) for 13 wk. HFS mice were subsequently randomized to continuing HFS feeding (HFS/HFS) or transition to the LFS diet (HFS/LFS) for four additional weeks.

Results
HFS/HFS mice exhibited superior femoral cancellous microarchitecture (i.e., greater BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, and decreased Tb.Sp) and cortical bone geometry (i.e., lower Ct.CSA and pMOI) compared with all other groups. At the femoral mid-diaphysis, structural, but not material, mechanical properties were greatest in HFS/HFS mice. However, HFS/HFS exhibited greater femoral neck strength only when compared with mice assigned to diet transition (HFS/LFS). Osteoclast surface and the percentage of osteocytes staining positive for interferon-gamma were greater in HFS/LFS mice, consistent with reduced cancellous microarchitecture postdiet transition.

Conclusions
HFS feeding enhanced bone anabolism and structural, but not material, mechanical properties in exercising mice. A change from an HFS to LFS diet returned the bone structure to that of continuously LFS-fed mice while compromising strength. Our results indicate rapid weight loss from obese states should be performed with caution to prevent bone fragility. A deeper analysis into the altered bone phenotype in diet-induced obesity from a metabolic standpoint is needed.
PENGOLAHAN AIR MENGGUNAKAN MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI SEBAGAI UPAYA MENDUKUNG GERAKAN NASIONAL MENGATASI KRISIS AIR BERSIH
Authors: Yuliati Selastia 
Published: May 2023

Pengolahan air bersih dalam penelitian ini bertujuan menghilangkan semua kandungan parameter kimia, biologis yang terdapat didalam air baku. Air baku yang diolah berupa air gambut, air payau serta air sungai musi. Air tersebut diolah mengunakan teknologi membrane dan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan air bersih yang memenuhi standar kesehatan. Membran yang digunakan adalah membran ultrafiltrasi berbasis polimer polysulfon. Metoda yang digunakan dalam pembuatan membran tersebut adalah metoda Inversi fasa dari formula Loeb and Sourirajan yaitu melarutkan polimer Polysulfon kedalam campuran larutan Dimethyl Asetamida (DMAc) dan Poliethylen Glicol (PEG) sebagai aditif. Membrane yang dihasilkan yaitu berukuran pori 0,0014 mm memenuhi standar ultrafiltrasi. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini selain mendapatkan membran polysulfon yang kegunaannya untuk pengolahan air besih atau air minum, juga mengkaji beberapa parameter yang digunakan sehingga diperoleh kondisi yang optimum. Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metoda eksperiment, perancangan alat serta Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG). Bahan baku sebelum diolah dilakukan analisa pendahuluan dan selanjutnya dilakukan proses pretreatment. Beberapa alat filter yang digunakan diantaranya filter mangan, mangan zeolit, fiter besi, carbon aktif serta silica yang bergunakan menurunkan semua parameter yang terdapat didalam air baku. Air hasil pretreatment untuk selanjutnya dilewatkan melalui membrane ultrafiltrasi. Produk yang dihasilkan mengacu pada standar kualitas air bersih dan air minum yang diizinkan oleh MENKES NO 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 tentang pengadaan air bersih dan air minum. Hasil analisa menunjukkan penurunan rata-rata parameter air baku gambut dan payau setelah melewati membrane adalah 77,8% dan 32,6%, sedangkan untuk air musi mencapai 92,5%. Air bersih maupun air minum yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar baku mutu.
SISTEM PENYALURAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK SKALA KOMUNAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SIMPLIFIED SEWERAGE DAN SMALLBORE SEWER
Authors: Soedjono Eddy Setiadi 
Published: May 2023

Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah merencanakan pengembangan Sistem Penyaluran Air Limbah (SPAL) dan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) skala komunal untuk seluruh wilayah Perumahan Singhasari Residence, Kabupaten Malang dan dilakukan pembagian wilayah pengembangan yang dibagi dalam 3 zona pelayanan, yakni wilayah pelayanan I, II dan III. Hasil kajian aspek teknis, diperoleh debit air limbah yang masuk ke pengembangan IPAL eksisting sebesar 0,027 m3/det. Sedangkan debit yang masuk pada unit IPAL wilayah I adalah 0,017 m3/det. Pada rencana pengelolaan SPAL dan IPAL komunal berbasis masyarakat akan sulit untuk dilaksanakan karena rumah yang berada di Perumahan Singhasari Residence berstatus rata-rata sebagai rumah kedua milik warga. Berdasarkan hasil analisa diperoleh biaya OM untuk wilayah I adalah Rp 5000/m3. Sedangkan biaya OM untuk pengembangan SPAL IPAL eksisting adalah Rp 3500/m3.
The Long Shadow of Default
Authors: Gill David James 
Published: May 2023

The Long Shadow of Default focuses on an important but neglected example of sovereign default between two of the wealthiest and most powerful democracies in modern history. The United Kingdom accrued considerable financial debts to the United States during the final stages of the First World War and immediate postwar period in the form of war loans. In 1934, the British government unilaterally suspended payment on these U.S. loans, which totaled $4.7 billion. This book examines why the United Kingdom was one of the last major powers to default on its war debts to the United States and how these outstanding obligations affected diplomatic and economic relations between both governments. It goes on to argue that these large and unpaid debts cast a surprisingly long and sometimes dark shadow over policymaking on both sides of the Atlantic. Memories of British default would limit transatlantic cooperation in the years immediately before and after the Second World War, inform Congressional debates about managing the economic difficulties of the 1970s, and generate legal challenges for both governments that were resolved only in the 1990s. The United Kingdom’s war debts to the United States remain unpaid and outstanding to this day. Despite the passage of more than a century since the end of the Great War, neither side has had the political will to resolve these outstanding obligations.
By covering a period of one hundred three years, The Long Shadow of Default provides one of the most detailed historical analyses of any sovereign default to date. This book brings attention to an often-neglected episode in financial history to inform, refine, and sometimes challenge the wider study of sovereign default.
In Pursuit of Harmony: What Is the Value of a Court-Ordered Apology?
Authors: Weeks Sindiso Mnisi 
Published: May 2023

Vernacular forums – or traditional courts – often order parties to apologise to one another. Versions of the Traditional Courts Bill (published in 2008/2012 and 2017) have consistently provided for an apology as an order that can be issued by such a forum. While there has been little reflection on what the value of an apology is when it is ordered, empirical evidence from vernacular forums shows that ordered apologies do not necessarily bear any relationship with reconciliation, which is the articulated goal. Alternative dispute resolution literature also shows that reconciliation is best achieved by other means than an ordered apology. This chapter explores the motives behind parties’, courts’ and legislators’ desire for the use of an ordered apology as a remedy, interrogates the conditions that produce the endurance of this desire, and challenges the conventional wisdom surrounding traditional dispute resolution practices and their relationship with harmony ideology. In so doing, it engages with the nature of dispute resolution processes as socio-politically performative environments in which social constructs are instantiated. It simultaneously considers the nature of customary law and the political economy of communities that continue to live under traditional normative arrangements in 21st-century South Africa.
Dynamic performance of a membrane-based variable focus lens with a large aperture
Authors: Duan Zenghong , Wang Lihui , Li Zhi , Fu Jian , Fu Susheng , Chen Boqian , Chen Yuxun , Zhao Yong 
Published: May 2023

Dynamic performance is one of the most important characteristics of a variable focus lens. However, there are few studies investigating the dynamic response of a membrane-based variable focus lens. In this paper, we present a mathematical model to describe spring-damping phenomena in theory. The first order natural frequencies with different scales were confirmed via finite element analysis. We also built a dynamic response experiment platform with changeable optical apertures, which was driven by a high-speed piezo stack actuator. A photodiode module was placed behind the lens to measure the variation of light luminance as the lens changed, and a laser displacement sensor was used to measure the deformation of the membrane. A series of data was collected with different optical apertures (20 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm) and different pre-stretching ratios (200%, 300%) under different driving frequencies (from 5 Hz to 25 Hz in every 5 Hz step). The experimental results were consistent with the mathematical model, which showed that the first order natural frequency increased as the aperture decreased or the membrane stiffness increased. This frequency-dependent characteristic of the variable focus lens provides a basis for further research on its dynamic performance.
‘Microincisional trabeculectomy for glaucoma”
Authors: Rao Aparna , Khan Sardar , Mukherjee Sujoy 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of microincisional trabeculectomy (MIT), a new technique of ab-interno trabeculectomy.

Methods
Consecutive patients with open-angle glaucoma identified from the hospital database that underwent MIT with or without cataract surgery between September 2021 to June 2022 at a tertiary eye centre in East India, were screened. Those with a follow-up of < 6 months or with incomplete data were excluded. MIT was done ab-interno using microscissors and microforceps in 2–4 clock hours of the nasal angle via a temporal incision. The intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction at 6 months, and reduction in the number of medications after surgery were analysed. Surgical success (IOP>6 and <22 mm Hg), complications, angle features on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT), and the need for additional surgeries were analysed.

Results
We included thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with open-angle glaucoma (including n = 9 eyes that underwent concurrent cataract surgery) with a preoperative mean IOP of 22 ±11.1 mm Hg and visual field index of 47±37.9%. All eyes achieved >30% IOP reduction, with a final IOP of 14±6.9 mm Hg at 6 months. Surgical success in 31 of 32 eyes with complete success seen in 28 eyes with none of the eyes requiring >1 medication for IOP control. Hyphema was seen in 4 eyes, while transient IOP spikes at 1 day-1 month were seen in 5 eyes, none of which required any additional interventions. One eye with persistent raised IOP at 1 month required incisional trabeculectomy for uncontrolled IOP with 2 medications.

Conclusion
MIT, a new technique of ab-interno trabeculectomy, is effective in terms of IOP control and reduction in the number of medications while having fewer complications. Long-term studies comparing the efficacy of MIT with incisional trabeculectomy, or other procedures are warranted in the future.
Engagement with life and psychological well-being in late adulthood: Findings from community-based programs in Portugal
Authors: Bastos Alice , Monteiro Joana , Barbosa Raquel , Pimentel Helena , Silva Sofia , Faria Carla 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
Human aging is a multidirectional, multidimensional, and multicausal process that reflects biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences, which act in distinct combinations throughout the life-span. Proactivity towards avoiding the usual aging process is needed. This study analyses the long-term effects of participation in Community-Based Programs on psychological well-being.

Method
A sample of 150 community-dwelling participants enrolled in Community-Based Programs, aged 55 to 84 years and living in three Portuguese localities were matched by age (55–64, 65–74, 75–84 years), gender, and locality with a comparison group of non-participants. We administered a multidimensional gerontological protocol which included socio-demographic information, measures of health/disease, functional ability, social network, cognitive performance and psychological well-being. Hierarchical regression models were used to test the effects of Community-Based Programs on psychological well-being adjusting for remaining variables.

Results
Overall, psychological well-being is positively associated with household income and satisfaction with health. Nevertheless, in participants, psychological well-being builds predominantly upon social network and is not associated with a moderate inability or cognitive deficits, contrasting with psychological well-being in non-participants. After adjusting for background variables, psychological well-being was positively associated with health satisfaction and social network and negatively related to moderate inability. Further, a significant interaction of participation in Community-Based Programs with age, points out higher levels of psychological well-being in participants contrasting with a downward trend in non-participants. After stratification by age, psychological well-being increases with time attending Community-Based Programs in the oldest (75–84 years) contrasting with the remainder.

Conclusions
Participation in Community-Based Programs may improve the negative effects of the aging process on psychological well-being. This positive effect as age increases may be linked to a reinforcement of social network, valued more by participants in Community-Based Programs. Furthermore, the programs may act as a healing/maintenance strategy in persons with moderate inability and/or cognitive deficits.
Frans Hals: The Male Portrait, Lelia Packer and Ashok Roy (2021)
Authors: Bench Paul 
Published: May 2023

Review of: Frans Hals: The Male Portrait, Lelia Packer and Ashok Roy (2021)
London: Philip Wilson Publishers and Bloomsbury, 130 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78130-110-4, p/bk, £20
Pinpointing The Structural Dynamics of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor -1 upon binding to Heparin using Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
Authors: ElSabaawy Marwa , Anacleto Joseph , Wilson Derek 
Published: May 2023

The native conformation of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is an active metastable structure that transforms spontaneously to an inactive latent form within 1-2 hrs under physiological conditions. PAI-1 is a key player to regulate the activation of fibrinolysis, with broad influence effects on inflammation, hemostasis, tissue remodeling, and wound healing
1.
The binding of endogenous cofactor vitronectin to PAI-1 causes delaying in the transition to the latent state and significantly boosts the protein's thermal stability
2. This binding helps to extend PAI-1 half-life and delay its latency transition thus controlling the stability of the active form. Previous studies have suggested that low molecular weight heparin alters the levels of circulating PAI-1 and enhances endogenous fibrinolysis
3. However, the intrinsic dynamics of this binding are not completely understood.
We have used hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to elucidate the structural dynamics of PAI-1 and heparin binding. Heparin binding to PAI-1 induces significant attenuation of deuterium uptake in PAI-1. The strongest protection against isotopic exchange is observed in the lower half of PAI-1. Peptides covering the heparin binding interface are shielded from the solvent and show a slow exchange rate. In addition, we observed a moderate effect on the peptides remote from the heparin binding site. These peptides are topographically connected in a circle-like shape around the vertical axis of the protein structure.
Our findings reveal that heparin may contribute to the localization of PAI-1 at specific sites, hence involved in the regulation of plasminogen activation and its functional stability.
Impact of Submucosal Saline Injection During Cold Snare Polypectomy for Colorectal Polyps Sized 3–9 mm: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mou Yi , Ye Liansong , Qin Xiaobo , Feng Rui , Zhang Lifan , Hu Qin , Cao Tingting , Zhou Xinyue , Wen Wu , Zhang Chuanming , Chen Zonghua , Liu Yi , Yang Zhimin , Huo Tao , Pan Fang , Li Xuelian , Hu Bing 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:
The role of submucosal injection during cold snare polypectomy (CSP) remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the impact of submucosal saline injection during CSP for colorectal polyps sized 3–9 mm.

METHODS:
This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted in 6 Chinese centers between July and September 2020 (ChiCTR2000034423). Patients with nonpedunculated colorectal polyps sized 3–9 mm were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either CSP with submucosal injection (SI-CSP) or conventional CSP (C-CSP). The primary outcome was the incomplete resection rate (IRR). Secondary outcomes included procedure time, intraprocedural bleeding, delayed bleeding, and perforation.

RESULTS:
One hundred fifty patients with 234 polyps in the SI-CSP group and 150 patients with 216 polyps in the C-CSP group were included in the analysis. The IRR was not decreased in the SI-CSP group compared with that in the C-CSP group (1.7% vs 1.4%, P = 1.000). The median procedure time in the SI-CSP group was significantly longer than that in the C-CSP group (108 seconds vs 48 seconds, P < 0.001). The incidences of intraprocedural bleeding and delayed bleeding were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = 0.531 and P = 0.250, respectively). There was no perforation in either group.

DISCUSSION:
Submucosal saline injection during CSP for colorectal polyps sized 3–9 mm did not decrease the IRR or reduce adverse events but prolonged the procedure time.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Because of Hepatic Arteriobiliary Fistula
Authors: Chaudhry Hunza , Ichkhanian Yervant , Salvador Shakirat O. , Yang Juliana 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Hepatic artery aneurysms are a rare phenomenon, representing 20% of visceral aneurysms. Hepatic artery aneurysm can rarely cause fistulization with the bile duct, also known as common hepatic artery-bile duct fistula. In acute settings, patients present with abdominal pain, jaundice, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiographic findings confirm the diagnosis. Given the rarity of this condition, there are no optimal treatment guidelines; therefore, treatment is multidisciplinary and involves definitive surgical and endoscopic management. We present a case of a common hepatic artery-bile duct fistula presenting as gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
The Study of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Implementation of Vehicle Rental Service Providers in Bali
Authors: Fahmadi Aat Eska , Srianto Srianto , Kurniawan Moch Aziz 
Published: May 2023

This paper examines how vehicle service companies in Bali have implemented their work and operational requirements. This study aims to find out whether vehicle service providers have implemented Standard Operating Procedures for tourists in Bali. This research is a descriptive research. The sample in this study were 42 service providers spread across the island of Bali. The data collection methods was simple random sampling while the data analysis using content analysis. According to the authors' data, only 18 (43%) of the companies that provided motor vehicle rental services had operational standards (SOP), while the other 24 (57%) either lacked them or couldn't prove they existed. 18 or more of these service providers, many of which merely verbally convey it. Other than that, there is still a gap between the work done by the 18 service providers and what is done in practice, such as when permits are issued to foreigners who lack an international license, carry a false identity, or give a permissions to Underage foreigners. There is no legal framework that regulates the SOP for vehicle rental. So that makes the existing SOP very diverse. The legal framework regarding standardization of policies, regulatory requirements for motor vehicle leasing should be regulated by one of the policy makers, in this case the government.
The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhu Fei-Yue , He Xiao-Juan , Tang Shi-Huan , Long Ting , Peng Lu , Zhang Hong-Mei , Zou Zong-Zhi , Xiong Zhu , Zhang Xian-Ping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We investigated the influence of DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo transfer (ET), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We analyzed the semen parameters of 61 cycles in infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET and ICSI and determined DFI by sperm chromatin dispersion testing. Based on DFI, the patients were differentiated into a control group (DFI < 25%, n = 35) and a test group (DFI ≥ 25%, n = 26). Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the extent of sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. We also investigated the effect of DFI on pregnancy outcomes of IVF-ET/ICSI. DFI was negatively related to sperm motility and positively correlated with ROS and apoptosis (P < 0.05). Abnormally elevated DFI reduced the rate of transplantable, high-quality embryos, implantation, clinical pregnancy, delivery, and live birth after IVF-ET, and increased the chance of early abortion per transfer cycle (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between DFI and fertilization rate, cleavage rate, transplantable rate, high-quality embryo rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, early abortion rate, delivery rate and live birth rate when assisted by ICSI (P > 0.05). Sperm DNA integrity is crucial for fertilization and the development of healthy offspring. ROS may increase the level of DFI by inducing apoptosis in sperm.
Nouns more similar to the nominative form are more frequent: a case study in Slovak
Authors: Kelih Emmerich , Mačutek Ján , Koščová Michaela , Benko Vladimír 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Grammatical cases of nouns are expressed by inflectional endings in Slovak. Therefore, nouns have several word forms, with the nominative considered the basic form. In addition to the endings, in some word forms there are morphophonological changes also in stems. The differences between the basic form and inflected forms are evaluated using the Levenshtein distance. We show that word forms more similar to the basic form occur more often. The category of animacy plays a very important role in the frequency behaviour of masculine nouns. The overall idea of the present paper is to give some insights into phenomena of noun inflection and to test various factors influencing and regulating the overall complexity of expressing certain required morphological information. It seems that word frequency, but also word length plays an important role. Moreover, it is shown that also gender and animacy has to be considered to understand noun declension in Slovak properly.