bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the potato farming efficiency: A comparative study between stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analysis
Authors: Sultana Shamima , Hossain Md. Moyazzem , Haque Md. Nurul 
Published: April 2023

Background
The government of Bangladesh has been trying to encourage potato consumption to reduce pressure on rice consumption and earn foreign currency along with ensuring zero hunger that helps to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal. It is necessary to use farmers’ resources and current technology more efficiently to meet the demand. Therefore, the authors aimed to evaluate the farm-level efficiency of potato farming in Bangladesh.

Methods and materials
The Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and the input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods are used to compute farm-level technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies and inefficiency of potato farming. The primary data were collected through interviews of 300 potato farmers from Munshigonj, Rangpur, Dinajpur, and Joypurhat districts of Bangladesh.

Results
The findings revealed that the efficiency score of the SFA model is higher than the DEA model, which implies that the SFA frontier fits better than the DEA frontier. In the case of DEA, variable returns to scale (VRS) technical efficiency (TE) enveloped data more closely than constant returns to scale (CRS) TE. Results of efficiency suggest significant economic, technical, and allocative inefficiencies in potato farming and there is a scope to increase potato production levels through efficiency improvement. Inefficiency analysis shows that infrastructure and socio-economic factors jointly influence potato production variability.

Conclusions
The authors suggest for using the SFA to find efficiencies in the agriculture sector. To achieve efficiency in potato production, the government needs to pay attention for improving the allocative and economic efficiencies along with emphasizing to choose the appropriate technology and efficient use of resources for the scale of operation.
Detection of persistent low IgG avidity–an interpretative problem in the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis
Authors: Kodym Petr , Kurzová Zuzana , Berenová Dagmar , Malý Marek 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
For the proper diagnosis of toxoplasmosis it is essential to determine the stage of the infection, for which the most preferred method is IgG avidity test. The avidity index (AI) should initially be low (AI≤0.3) in the acute phase and increase during the infection. However, persistent low avidity can occur in patients with latent toxoplasmosis, which can complicate the interpretation of the results. The aim of the study is to explain the causes of this phenomenon.

Methodology
A retrospective study was carried out with 717 serum samples collected from 442 patients from the categories of pregnant and non-pregnant women, men, and newborns + infants (age < 0.5 year). The trends of AI kinetics were evaluated in repeatedly examined patients. The frequency of cases with low avidity was compared in individual categories of patients and in groups of people with acute and non-acute toxoplasmosis.

Results
The proportion of patients with initially low avidity was 42.1% in the acute toxoplasmosis group while it was 13.0% in the non-acute groups. In uninfected newborns with anti-Toxoplasma antibodies transmitted from the mother, a decrease in IgG avidity levels over time was observed, resulting in 29.2% of samples showing low (improper) avidity. While the dynamics of IgG avidity and the frequency of cases of improperly low avidity were similar in men and pregnant and non-pregnant women, the category of newborns and infants differed substantially for these indicators.

Conclusions
Due to acceptable specificity and negative predictive value, high avidity can rule out acute toxoplasmosis, but moderate sensitivity complicates the possibility of its confirmation. The results of the avidity test must be interpreted in the context of the results of other methods.
En Cas De Malheur, De Simenon A Autant-Lara (1956-1958): Essai De Genetique Scenaristique, Alain Boillat (2020)1
Authors: Macdonald Ian W. 
Published: April 2023

Review of: En Cas De Malheur, De Simenon A Autant-Lara (1956-1958): Essai De Genetique Scenaristique, Alain Boillat (2020)
Geneva: Droz, 376 pp.,
ISBN 978-2-60006-046-2, p/bk, €18.90
The Sun and Her Stars: Salka Viertel and Hitler’s Exiles in the Golden Age of Hollywood, Donna Rifkin (2020)
Authors: Welch Rosanne 
Published: April 2023

Review of: The Sun and Her Stars: Salka Viertel and Hitler’s Exiles in the Golden Age of Hollywood, Donna Rifkin (2020)
New York City: Other Press, 560 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-59051-721-5, h/bk, $21.00
Association of Anxiety and Gastrointestinal Comorbidities in Repeat Hospital Admissions in Pediatric Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
Authors: Thavamani Aravind , Velayuthan Sujithra , Patel Dhiren , Al-Hammadi Noor , Sferra Thomas J. , Sankararaman Senthilkumar 
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with recurrent episodes of intense nausea and vomiting and thus may require frequent hospitalizations. There is paucity of data exploring the association of psychiatric and gastrointestinal comorbidities in repeat hospitalizations among pediatric patients with CVS.

METHODS:
We analyzed the Pediatric Health Information System database and included all patients up to 18 years of age with a diagnosis of CVS between 2016 and 2020. We excluded patients with chronic conditions, which mimic CVS. The primary outcome variable was 90-day admission rate, which was defined as a visit to emergency department or admission to observation/inpatient unit with a primary diagnosis of CVS within 90 days after an index CVS hospitalization.

RESULTS:
We evaluated a total of 2,604 hospitalizations represented by 1,370 unique individuals. The overall 90-day admission rate was 28.5%, which steadily decreased from 35.7% in 2016 to 23% in 2019 (P < 0.001). Patients in the repeat hospitalization cohort were slightly older and more often men. Patients with repeat admissions had an increased proportion of anxiety and other gastrointestinal disorders. Multivariable logistic regression showed that anxiety, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and abdominal migraine were associated with increased odds of repeat admissions.

DISCUSSION:
Ninety-day admission rates in pediatric CVS are decreasing overall, although still contributing to significant healthcare expenditure. Anxiety and gastrointestinal comorbidities were associated with increased risk of repeat admissions. Further prospective studies are needed to better understand the complex interactions of these comorbidities and their management affecting the natural course of CVS.
Risk of Incident and Fatal Colorectal Cancer After Young-Onset Adenoma Diagnosis: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Casey Yas , Demb Joshua , Enwerem Ngozi , Liu Lin , Jackson Christian , Earles Ashley , Bustamante Ranier , Mahata Sumana , Shah Shailja , Gupta Samir 
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates are increasing in adults aged <50 years. Young-onset adenoma (YOA)—adenoma detected in adults younger than 50 years—may signify increased CRC risk, but this association has not been widely studied. Our aim was to compare the risk of incident and fatal CRC in adults aged <50 years with YOA diagnosis compared with those with a normal colonoscopy.

METHODS:
We conducted a cohort study of US Veterans aged 18–49 years who received colonoscopy between 2005 and 2016. The primary exposure of interest was YOA. Primary outcomes included incident and fatal CRC. We used Kaplan-Meier curves to calculate cumulative incident and fatal CRC risk and Cox models to examine relative CRC risk.

RESULTS:
The study cohort included 54,284 Veterans aged <50 years exposed to colonoscopy, among whom 13% (n = 7,233) had YOA at start of follow-up. Cumulative 10-year CRC incidence was 0.11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00%–0.27%) after any adenoma diagnosis, 0.18% (95% CI: 0.02%–0.53%) after advanced YOA diagnosis, 0.10% (95% CI: 0.00%–0.28%) after nonadvanced adenoma diagnosis, and 0.06% (95% CI: 0.02%–0.09%) after normal colonoscopy. Veterans with advanced adenoma had 8-fold greater incident CRC risk than those with normal colonoscopy (hazard ratio: 8.0; 95% CI: 1.8–35.6). Across groups, no differences in fatal CRC risk were observed.

DISCUSSION:
Young-onset advanced adenoma diagnosis was associated with 8-fold increased incident CRC risk compared with normal colonoscopy. However, cumulative CRC incidence and mortality at 10 years among individuals with either young onset non-advanced or advanced adenoma diagnosis were both relatively low.
Sharp profiles for diffusive logistic equation with spatial heterogeneity
Authors: Xing Yan-Hua , Sun Jian-Wen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this article, we study the sharp profiles of positive solutions to the diffusive logistic equation. By employing parameters and analyzing the corresponding perturbation equations, we find the effects of boundary and spatial heterogeneity on the positive solutions. The main results exhibit the sharp effects between boundary conditions and linear/nonlinear spatial heterogeneities on positive solutions.
Rotating magnetic field configuration for controlled particle flux in material processing applications
Authors: Pandey Shail , Agarwal Akash , Joshi Deepak 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plasma technology has been an integral part of the semiconductor industries, especially to achieve the desired etch and selectivity of the outcome. These outcomes depend on various factors including the confinement of the charged particles of the plasma source. One of the widely employed confinement schemes is the multipole arrangement of magnetic fields, also known as a multicusp. Such arrangement provides minimum-B field value near the plasma axis and plays significant role in plasma-based ion sources for material processing and in plasma thrusters for spacecraft applications. In the present work, a novel rotating multicusp about its axis is studied to investigate its effect on the confinement of electrons present within it. The multicusp is allowed to rotate with a finite rotational speed, in the range of 0–107 rotation per second, thus inducing an axial electric field. It will lead to a directed axial flux of the electrons, determined by the rotational speed of the multicusp. The dynamics of the electrons enclosed within a rotating multicusp have been studied to explore its radial confinement. The results are of significance for semiconductor industries and others where downstream or afterglow plasmas are utilized for material applications.
Effect of thermal annealing on structure and magnetic properties in a Ni–Cr multilayer
Authors: Swain Mitali , Satapathy Dillip K. , Gupta Mukul , Rao M. S. Ramachandra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Evolution of structural and magnetic properties in a nickel/chromium (Ni/Cr) multilayer, as a function of different annealing temperatures was investigated. The Ni/Cr multilayer of nominal structure [Cr (50 Å)/Ni (50 Å)]×10/Cr (30 Å) was grown on a Si substrate by radio frequency ion beam sputtering at room temperature. X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectometry, atomic force microscopy and crossectional scanning electron microscopy were employed for the complete structural characterization of the multilayer whereas superconducting quantum interference device vibration sample magnetometer was used for the bulk magnetisation study. The effect of in-situ and ex-situ annealing on overall structural property of the multilayer also reported in present work. From in-situ X-ray reflectometry (50–400 °C), 300 °C was detected as the optimum temperature for improved structural properties of the Ni/Cr multilayer. Initiation of alloying in the multilayer sample was noticed at 350 °C. The multilayer found to exhibit polycrystalline nature observed by X-ray diffraction. Total thickness of the multilayer system was confirmed by crossectional scanning electron microscopy and in well agreement with X-ray reflectivity results. The Ni/Cr sample found to exhibit soft ferromagnetic behaviour after annealing at 300 °C and 400 °C. However the net magnetic moment reduced upon annealing at higher temperature (400 °C).
Development of Al–SiC–TiO2 hybrid composite using powder metallurgy route and the influence of TiO2 content variation on microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Mishra Dinesh Kumar , Pattanaik Rutuparna , Behera Gourahari , Dalai Renu Prava , Badjena Sushant Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the present study, aluminum matrix was reinforced with SiC and TiO2 powders to synthesize Al–SiC–TiO2 hybrid composites by using a powder metallurgy route. The influence of variation in TiO2 content is thoroughly evaluated over the microstructure and mechanical properties. The uniform distribution and growth in the interfacial bonding between the matrix phase and reinforcement particles were confirmed from the overall scanning electron micrographs. Further, the measured hardness and density values significantly increased with the increase in TiO2 content. In addition to that, the compressive strength had increased up to 5 wt.% of TiO2. However, at higher content of TiO2, a decreasing trend is found due to the excess cluster formation.
Determination of the size effect on the tensile properties of miniaturized specimens
Authors: Zhu Lin-mao , Wang Gui-yong , Jia Yun-hai , Wang Hai-zhou , Wang Peng , Li Dong-ling 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To realize high-throughput tensile testing of miniaturized specimens, the size effect was investigated. High-throughput tensile testing was used to characterize the mechanical properties of steel in the micro-zone. Miniaturized specimens with diameters ranging from 0.7 mm to 2.5 mm were cut from low-alloyed steel and tested, and the deviations between the results of miniaturized and conventional sized specimens were examined. The results showed that the size effect was negligibly small for the tensile strength. However, the upper yield strength, lower yield strength, and plastic extension strength of miniaturized specimens decreased as the specimen diameter decreased. It was found that a diameter of 1.5 mm was critical for the tensile testing of miniaturized specimens. As the specimen diameter decreased toward 1.5 mm, the strength parameters gradually decreased, and as the specimen diameter further decreased from 1.5 mm, the strength parameters increased. In contrast, as the specimen diameter decreased from 1.3 mm, the elongation after fracture decreased. However, the percentage reduction of area did not vary between miniaturized and conventional sized specimens.
The crystal structure of tetra(1-ethylimidazole-κ
1
N)-[μ
4-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylato-κ
4
O, N, O′, N′]-trioxido-divanadium, C25H33N10O7V2
Authors: Li Na , Wang Xiao-Jie , Qin Yu-Cai , Wang Jing-Yun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
C25H33N10O7V2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.3933(4) Å, b = 12.5655(5) Å, c = 14.1841(5) Å, α = 65.373(1)°, β =

70.351

(
1
)

∘

$70.351{(1)}^{\circ }$

, γ =

88.052

(
2
)

∘

$88.052{(2)}^{\circ }$

, V = 1573.62(11) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0362, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0885, T = 173 K.
Investor Empowerment for Sustainability
Authors: Ringe Wolf-Georg 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The transition to a sustainable economy currently involves a fundamental transformation of markets and market actors. This paper makes the case for investor empowerment as the main tool towards achieving greater sustainability in capital markets. This trust in institutional investors is grounded in various recent developments both on the supply side and the demand side of financial markets, and also in the increasing tendency of institutional investors to engage in common ownership. The need to build coalitions among different types of asset managers or institutional investors, and to convince fellow investors of any given initiative, can then act as an in-built filter helping to overcome the pursuit of idiosyncratic motives and supporting only those campaigns that are seconded by a majority of investors. In particular, institutionalized investor platforms have emerged over recent years as a force for investor empowerment, serving to coordinate investor campaigns and to share the costs of engagement. ESG engagement has the potential to become a very powerful driver towards a more sustainability-oriented future. Any regulatory activity should then be limited to a facilitative and supportive role.
A non-invasive method of glucose monitoring using FR4 material based microwave antenna sensor
Authors: Nella Anveshkumar , Aldhaheri Rabah Wasel , Kamili Jagadeesh Babu , Sobahi Nebras Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work presents a unique non-invasive method for monitoring glucose levels in blood using a planar Yagi–Uda antenna as a microwave sensor. The proposed antenna, operating at 5.5 GHz, exhibits a directional radiation pattern with a peak gain of 6.74 dBi. A low-cost FR4 material of size 30 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm is used as a dielectric substrate. A human finger phantom, comprising layers of skin, fat, blood, and bone, is created at 5.5 GHz in EM simulation tool for mimicking a real human finger. The finger phantom is positioned at different locations around the antenna and corresponding frequency shifts are remarked to a variation in glucose concentration from 0–500 mg/dL. An exemplary frequency shift of maximum 26 MHz is recorded when the phantom is placed at the bottom of the antenna. Time domain analysis is also carried out to understand the effect of glucose concentration variation on the output signal amplitude and delay. Simulated antenna results are found to be in stupendous agreement with the measured results. An experiment of placing a real human finger around the fabricated antenna also presents a splendid correspondence with the simulated results. Hence, this mechanism can be expedient for monitoring glucose levels in blood.
Die formale und funktionale Entwicklung vonbitte
Authors: Ackermann Tanja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe markerbitteplays a crucial role in Contemporary German, especially in lay linguistic discourse on politeness (= first order politeness). This is in contrast to a research gap regarding the evolution and use of this element. Based on corpus data, the present study aims to trace the formal and functional development ofbitte‘please’. The analysis is based on a randomized sample of verbalbitten‘to ask for’, nominalBitte‘request’ and syntactically reducedbitte‘please’ extracted from fictional texts of the DTA and the DWDS core corpora covering a time span from the 17th to the 21st century. Contrary to previously proposed scenarios, the data suggest that syntactically reducedbittedeveloped in the late 18th century from an external modifier that primarily preceded imperative requests. As an internal modifier, the marker has been successively integrated syntactically and graphemically since the 19th century. From a pragmatic perspective,bittehas evolved from a deference marker. In Contemporary German, it can be described as a directive marker rather than a context-independent politeness marker.
VGLUT3 Deletion Rescues Motor Deficits and Neuronal Loss in the zQ175 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Ibrahim Karim S. , El Mestikawy Salah , Abd-Elrahman Khaled S. , Ferguson Stephen S.G. 
Published: April 2023

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor and cognitive impairments, with no disease-modifying therapies yet available. HD pathophysiology involves evident impairment in glutamatergic neurotransmission leading to severe striatal neurodegeneration. The vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (VGLUT3) regulates the striatal network that is centrally affected by HD. Nevertheless, current evidence on the role of VGLUT3 in HD pathophysiology is lacking. Here, we crossed mice lackingSlc17a8gene (VGLUT3–/–) with heterozygouszQ175knock-in mouse model of HD (zQ175:VGLUT3–/–). Longitudinal assessment of motor and cognitive functions from 6 to 15 months of age reveals that VGLUT3 deletion rescues motor coordination and short-term memory deficits in both male and femalezQ175mice. VGLUT3 deletion also rescues neuronal loss likely via the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 in the striatum ofzQ175mice of both sexes. Interestingly, the rescue in neuronal survival inzQ175:VGLUT3–/–mice is accompanied by a reduction in the number of nuclear mutant huntingtin (mHTT) aggregates with no change in the total aggregate levels or microgliosis. Collectively, these findings provide novel evidence that VGLUT3, despite its limited expression, can be a vital contributor to HD pathophysiology and a viable target for HD therapeutics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDysregulation of the striatal network centrally contributes to the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease (HD). The atypical vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (VGLUT3) has been shown to regulate several major striatal pathologies, such as addiction, eating disorders, or L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Yet, our understanding of VGLUT3's role in HD remains unclear. We report here that deletion of theSlc17a8(Vglut3) gene rescues the deficits in both motor and cognitive functions in HD mice of both sexes. We also find that VGLUT3 deletion activates neuronal survival signaling and reduces nuclear aggregation of abnormal huntingtin proteins and striatal neuron loss in HD mice. Our novel findings highlight the vital contribution of VGLUT3 in HD pathophysiology that can be exploited for HD therapeutic management.
ATP‐induced conformational change of axonemal outer dynein arms revealed by cryo‐electron tomography
Authors: Zimmermann Noemi , Noga Akira , Obbineni Jagan Mohan , Ishikawa Takashi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAxonemal outer dynein arm (ODA) motors generate force for ciliary beating. We analyzed three states of the ODA during the power stroke cycle using in situ cryo‐electron tomography, subtomogram averaging, and classification. These states of force generation depict the prepower stroke, postpower stroke, and intermediate state conformations. Comparison of these conformations to published in vitro atomic structures of cytoplasmic dynein, ODA, and the Shulin–ODA complex revealed differences in the orientation and position of the dynein head. Our analysis shows that in the absence of ATP, all dynein linkers interact with the AAA3/AAA4 domains, indicating that interactions with the adjacent microtubule doublet B‐tubule direct dynein orientation. For the prepower stroke conformation, there were changes in the tail that is anchored on the A‐tubule. We built models starting with available high‐resolution structures to generate a best‐fitting model structure for the in situ pre‐ and postpower stroke ODA conformations, thereby showing that ODA in a complex with Shulin adopts a similar conformation as the active prepower stroke ODA in the axoneme.