bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic and dendritic architecture of different types of hippocampal somatostatin interneurons
Authors: Takács Virág , Bardóczi Zsuzsanna , Orosz Áron , Major Abel , Tar Luca , Berki Péter , Papp Péter , Mayer Márton I. , Sebők Hunor , Zsolt Luca , Sos Katalin E. , Káli Szabolcs , Freund Tamás F. , Nyiri Gábor 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTGABAergic inhibitory neurons fundamentally shape the activity and plasticity of cortical circuits. A major subset of these neurons contains somatostatin (SOM); these cells play crucial roles in neuroplasticity, learning and memory in many brain areas including the hippocampus, and are implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Two main types of SOM-containing cells in area CA1 of the hippocampus are oriens-lacunosum-moleculare (OLM) cells and hippocampo-septal (HS) cells. These cell types show many similarities in their soma-dendritic architecture, but they have different axonal targets, display different activity patternsin vivoand are thought to have distinct network functions. However, a complete understanding of the functional roles of these interneurons requires a precise description of their intrinsic computational properties and their synaptic interactions. In the current study we generated, analyzed and make available several key datasets that enable a quantitative comparison of various anatomical and physiological properties of OLM and HS cells in mouse. The dataset includes detailed scanning electron microscopy-based 3-dimensional reconstructions of OLM and HS cells along with their excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Combining this core dataset with other anatomical data, patch-clamp electrophysiology and compartmental modeling, we examined the precise morphological structure, inputs, outputs, and basic physiological properties of these cells. Our results highlight key differences between OLM and HS cells, particularly regarding the density and distribution of their synaptic inputs and mitochondria. For instance, we estimated that an OLM cell receives about 8400, whereas an HS cell about 15600 synaptic inputs, about 16% of which are GABAergic. Our data and models provide insight into the possible basis of the different functionality of OLM and HS cell types and supply essential information for more detailed functional models of these neurons and the hippocampal network.
Comparing manual and automatic artifact detection in sleep EEG recordings
Authors: Péter Ujma P. , Dresler Martin , Bódizs Róbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAll sleep EEG recordings can be contaminated by artifacts. Both visual and automatic methods have been developed to mark such erroneous segments of EEG data. Here we systematically explore the effect of artifacts on the sleep EEG power spectrum density (PSD), and we compare gold-standard visual detections to a simple automatic detector using Hjorth parameters to identify artifacts. We find that most distortions in the all-night average PSD occur because of a small minority of highly anomalous artifacts, which mainly affect the beta and gamma frequency ranges and NREM delta. Visual and automatic detections only show moderate agreement in which data segments are artefactual. However, the resulting all-night average PSD is highly similar across all methods, and PSDs calculated with all methods successfully recover the known correlations of PSD with age and sex. No parameter settings of the automatic detector clearly outperformed others. Additionally, we show that accurate average PSD estimates can be recovered from just a fraction of available data epochs. Our results suggest that artifacts represent a minor and easily solvable problem in sleep EEG recordings. Most visually identified artifacts do not seriously distort estimates of mid-frequency activity in the sleep EEG spectrum, and distortions to low and high frequencies can be eliminated using a simple automatic detection method nearly as well as with visual detections. These findings show that the visual inspection of EEG data is not necessary to eliminate the effects of artifacts, which is encouraging for the expected performance of automatic preprocessing in large sleep EEG databases.
STimage:robust, confident and interpretable models for predicting gene markers from cancer histopathological images
Authors: Tan Xiao , Mulay Onkar , MacDonald Samual , Kim Taehyun , Werry Jason , Simpson Peter T , Roosta Fred , Trzaskowski Maciej , Nguyen Quan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpatial transcriptomic (ST) data enables us to link tissue morphological features with thousands of unseen gene expression values, opening a horizon for breakthroughs in digital pathology. Models to predict the presence/absence, high/low, or continuous expression of a gene using images as the only input have a huge potential clinical applications, but such models require improvements in accuracy, interpretability, and robustness. We developed STimage models to estimate parameters of gene expression as distributions rather than fixed data points, thereby allowing for the essential quantification of uncertainty in the predicted results. We assessed aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty of the models across a diverse range of test cases and proposed an ensemble approach to improve the model performance and trust. STimage can train prediction models for one gene marker or a panel of markers and provides important interpretability analyses at a single-cell level, and in the histopathological annotation context. Through a comprehensive benchmarking with existing models, we found that STimage is more robust to technical variation in platforms, data types, and sample types. Using images from the cancer genome atlas, we showed that STimage can be applied to non-spatial omics data. STimage also performs better than other models when only a small training dataset is available. Overall, STimage contributes an important methodological advance needed for the potential application of spatial technology in cancer digital pathology.
Mapping the functional impact of non-coding regulatory elements in primary T cells through single-cell CRISPR screens
Authors: Catalinas Celia Alda , Ibarra-Soria Ximena , Flouri Christina , Gordillo Jorge Esparza , Cousminer Diana , Hutchinson Anna , Krejci Adam , Cortes Adrian , Acevedo Alison , Malla Sunir , Fishwick Carl , Drewes Gerard , Rapiteanu Radu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrug targets with human genetic evidence are expected to increase clinical success by at least two-fold. Yet, translating disease-associated genetic variants into functional knowledge remains a fundamental challenge of early drug discovery. A key issue is that, currently, the vast majority of complex disease associations cannot be cleanly mapped to a gene. Immune disease-associated variants are enriched within regulatory elements, such as distal enhancers, found in T cell-specific open chromatin regions. To identify the genes and thus the molecular programs modulated by these regulatory elements, we developed a CRISPRi-based single-cell functional screening approach in primary human CD4+T cells. Our pipeline enables the interrogation of transcriptomic changes induced by the perturbation of regulatory elements at scale. We first optimised a highly efficient CRISPRi protocol in primary human CD4+T cells via CROPseq vectors. Subsequently, we performed a proof-of-concept screen targeting 45 non-coding regulatory elements and 35 transcription start sites and profiled approximately 250,000 CD4+T cell single-cell transcriptomes. We developed a bespoke analytical pipeline for element-to-gene (E2G) mapping and demonstrate that our method can identify both previously annotated and novel E2G links. Lastly, we integrated genetic association data for immune-related traits and demonstrate how our platform can aid in the identification of effector genes for GWAS loci.
Modeling of enzyme-mediated glucose release to facilitate continuous feed in miniaturized cultivations
Authors: Kemmer Annina , Cai Linda , Born Stefan , Cruz Bournazou M. Nicolas , Neubauer Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen striving for maximal throughput at minimal volumes while cultivating close to industrial conditions, simple and robust feeding strategies offer important advantages. Enzyme-mediated glucose cleavage from dextrin is an easy way of imitating continuous fed-batch in the small scale, with no complex equipment required. While the release rate – and thus the feed rate – can be controlled by adapting the enzyme concentration, it strongly depends on the concentration of the involved substances and the environmental conditions. Thus, it is a challenge to use the technology for controlling the specific growth rate, as it is commonly done with feed pumps. For solving this problem, we present here a mathematical model that extends simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics by considering different substrate fractions and can be applied to control the glucose release rate even in high throughput experiments. The fitted model was used during automated microbial cultivations to control the growth rate in quasi-continuous fed-batch processes and to realize different exponential growth rates by intermittent additions of enzyme and dextrin by a liquid handling robot system. We thus present an approach for defined biocatalytically controlled glucose supply of small-scale systems, where – if at all – continuous feeding was only possible with low accuracy or high technical efforts until now.
Shared Genetic Architecture between Muscle and Bone: Identification and Functional Implications ofEPDR1,PKDCC, andSPTBN1
Authors: Jung Jongyun , Wu Qing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent studies suggest a shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to identify the functionally annotated genes with shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone using the most up-to-date genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture-related genetic variants. We employed an advanced statistical functional mapping method to investigate shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone, focusing on genes highly expressed in muscle tissue. Our analysis identified three genes,EPDR1, PKDCC, andSPTBN1, highly expressed in muscle tissue and previously unlinked to bone metabolism. About 90% and 85% of filtered Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms were located in the intronic and intergenic regions for the threshold atP≤ 5 × 10−8andP≤ 5 × 10−100, respectively.EPDR1was highly expressed in multiple tissues, including muscle, adrenal gland, blood vessels, and thyroid.SPTBN1was highly expressed in all 30 tissue types except blood, whilePKDCCwas highly expressed in all 30 tissue types except the brain, pancreas, and skin. Our study provides a framework for using GWAS findings to highlight functional evidence of crosstalk between multiple tissues based on shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone. Further research should focus on functional validation, multi-omics data integration, gene-environment interactions, and clinical relevance in musculoskeletal disorders.Author SummaryOsteoporotic fractures in the aging population pose a significant health concern. They are often attributed to decreased bone strength and muscle loss. However, the underlying molecular connections between bone and muscle are not well understood. This lack of knowledge persists despite recent genetic discoveries linking certain genetic variants to bone mineral density and fracture risk. Our study aimed to uncover genes that share genetic architecture between muscle and bone. We utilized state-of-the-art statistical methods and the most recent genetic data related to bone mineral density and fractures. Our focus was on genes that are highly active in muscle tissue. Our investigation identified three new genes -EPDR1, PKDCC, andSPTBN1- which are highly active in muscle tissue and influence bone health. These discoveries offer fresh insights into the interconnected genetic makeup of bone and muscle. Our work not only uncovers potential targets for therapeutic strategies to enhance bone and muscle strength but also provides a blueprint for identifying shared genetic structures across multiple tissues. This research represents a crucial step forward in our understanding of the interplay between our muscles and bones at a genetic level.
Tandemly repeated NBPF 3mer HOR copies (Olduvai triplets) in Neanderthal AltaiNea.hg19 assembly and two novel tandem arrays of NBPF 3mer HOR repeats in complete T2T-CHM13 assembly of human chromosome 1
Authors: Glunčić Matko , Vlahović Ines , Rosandić Marija , Paar Vladimir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is known that the ∼1.6 kb NBPF repeats are human specific and contributing to cognitive capabilities, with increasing frequency in higher order repeat 3mer HORs (Olduvai triplets). From chimpanzee to modern human there is a discontinuous jump from 0 to ∼50 tandemly organized 3mer HORs. Here we investigate the structure of NBPF 3mer HORs in the Neanderthal genome assembly of Pääbo and collaborators, comparing it to the results obtained for human hg38 chromosome 1. Our findings reveal corresponding NBPF 3mer HOR arrays in Neanderthals with slightly different monomer structures and numbers of HOR copies compared to humans. Additionally, we compute the NBPF 3mer HOR pattern for the complete telomere-to-telomere human genome assembly (T2T-CHM13) by Miga and collaborators, identifying two novel tandem arrays of NBPF 3mer HOR repeats with 5 and 9 NBPF 3mer HOR copies. We hypothesize that these arrays correspond to novel NBPF genes (here referred to as NBPFA1 and NBPFA2). Further improving the quality of the Neanderthal genome using T2T-CHM13 as a reference would be of great interest in determining the presence of such distant novel NBPF genes in the Neanderthal genome and enhancing our understanding of human evolution.
The composition of the remuneration committee and the vertical pay gap: the role of proprietary directors in Spain
Authors: Acero Isabel , Alcalde Nuria 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study investigates whether the proportion of proprietary directors (blockholders or their representatives) on the board's remuneration committee influences vertical pay inequality in Spanish listed companies and whether this relationship can be conditioned by the concentration of ownership.Design/methodology/approachThe sample contains information on the individual compensation of 1048 directors of 57 Spanish listed firms during the period 2013–2018 making up an unbalanced panel with 3565 observations. Panel data regressions are used to study how the presence of proprietary directors on the remuneration committee influences the remuneration of directors, focusing not on their absolute remuneration levels, but rather on their relationship to the average remuneration of the organization's employees (as a measure of vertical pay inequality within the company). The authors also investigate whether this relationship is conditioned by firm ownership concentration.FindingsThe results indicate that the presence of proprietary directors on the remuneration committee acts as a mechanism to reduce vertical pay inequality, even in the context of high ownership concentration.Originality/valueUnlike the majority of previous research dedicated to the independence of the remuneration committee, this study focuses on the role played by proprietary directors. The results help elucidate the importance of proprietary directors to properly monitor and restrain directors' compensation in contexts of high ownership concentration.
“Posts are my own”: effects of social media disclaimers on perceptions of employees and their organizations from tweets and retweets
Authors: Carr Caleb T. , Hayes Rebecca A. , Piercy Cameron W. 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study empirically assesses the perceptions the public has of employees and their organization following a [re]tweet, and the additional potential ameliorating effect of a disclaimer distancing the organization from the individual employee's social media presence.Design/methodology/approachA fully crossed 2 (disclaimer vs. no disclaimer) × 2 (positive vs. negative valence post) × 2 (post vs. retweet) experiment exposed participants (N = 173) to an employee's personal tweet. Resultant perceptions of both the poster (i.e., goodwill) and the poster's organization (i.e., organizational reputation) were analyzed using planned contrast analyses.FindingsFindings reveal audiences form impressions of individuals based on both tweeted and retweeted content. Perceptions of both the poster's goodwill and the poster's organization were commensurate with the valence of the poster's tweets, stronger when posts were original tweets rather than retweets, and there was a significant interaction effect between valence and [re]tweet. Disclaimers did not significantly affect perceptions, suggesting employers may be better served by asking employees to omit reference to their employer on their personal social media accounts.Originality/valueThis research contributes to understanding how employee and organizational reputation are affected by employees' personal social media content. Results suggest that even when a disclaimer explicitly seeks to distance an employee from the organization, audiences still see the employee as an informal brand ambassadors of their organization.
Moderating effects of uncertainty on relative brand trust–love
Authors: Marmat Geeta 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide information that reflects the true state of affairs and to develop a conceptual model that examines the moderating effect of uncertainty on relative brand trust–love.

Design/methodology/approach
Extant empirical studies, conceptual literature and related theories were identified and integrated to develop the conceptual model.

Findings
Findings of the study suggest that relative brand trust–love arises because of different components of uncertainty. Relative brand trust–love exhibited by the customer is moderated by uncertainty at the individual level, brand level and technology level. These uncertainties represent the situation that considers if relative brand trust–love can be enhanced. A few propositions have been suggested for such situations to enhance relative brand trust–love.

Research limitations/implications
This paper proposes a conceptual model and also makes research propositions that need to be validated and confirmed empirically. It adds value to theoretical advancements in strengthening the customer–brand relationship. Furthermore, results suggest that relative brand trust–love can be improved over time if these components can be supported by increasing information at different levels. The conclusions will be informative to practitioners and brand managers in strengthening a brand into the market more effectively. Moreover, it can transform the brand into a global brand and help build sustainable long-term relationships. Findings can be useful and interesting information for the researchers who are interested in finding strategic ways for effective decision-making related to brand trust and brand love.

Originality/value
The conceptual model, and the propositions related to different levels of uncertainty, and its effect on relative brand trust–love, is a new approach in enhancing relative brand trust–love and hence helpful in strengthening the quality of customer–brand relationships.
The importance of a critical mass of women on boards to reduce the gender pay disparity among non-executive directors
Authors: Tarkovska Valentina , Gabaldon Patricia , Ratiu Raluca Valeria 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
The interest in promoting diversity in corporate governance is increasing gender equality on boards. Even so, previous research shows that women are underrepresented on boards of directors. This study aims to explore how an increasing presence of women on boards reduces gender pay disparity among nonexecutive directors (NEDs).

Design/methodology/approach
This study explores how an increasing presence of women on boards reduces gender pay disparity among NEDs.

Findings
The results indicate that for boards to reduce the gender pay disparity among NEDs, women need to reach a critical mass of 33% of board members. In addition, this study finds that women’s presence on influential committees further reduces the gender pay disparity among NEDs.

Research limitations/implications
The study uses critical mass and social identity theories to explain the impact of women directors on NEDs’ remuneration in a sample of 365 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange over 16 years (1999–2015). The findings indicate the importance of reducing gender pay disparity as a tool to promote gender equality on boards.

Practical implications
This study provides evidence on the importance of corporations including gender diversity on board committees to reduce gender pay disparities at the board level.

Originality/value
In addition, this study finds that women’s presence on influential committees further reduces gender pay disparity among NEDs.
Multiparty mediation in a changing world: the emergence and impact of parallel processes to UN peacemaking in Syria and Libya
Authors: Hellmüller Sara , Salaymeh Bilal 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to study recent approaches to peacemaking, particularly by Turkey and Russia, in a changing world and their implications for UN-led peace processes. The authors analyze the factors that allow parallel processes to UN mediation to emerge and discuss their influence.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents two in-depth case studies of mediation in Syria and Libya, where the UN, as well as Russia and Turkey, were actively involved in peacemaking.

Findings
The authors find that parallel processes to UN mediation emerge if the UN process does not show progress toward a negotiated settlement and other third parties have leverage over the conflict parties. However, whether these parallel processes pose a fundamental challenge to the UN-led process depends on how sustained the third parties’ leverage over the conflict parties is. If it lasts, it puts the UN in a difficult position to either participate in the parallel process and contain it but thereby also legitimizing it, or to abstain from participating but thereby risking to lose control over the mediation process.

Research limitations/implications
Analyzing different approaches to mediation helps to better understand current dynamics of multiparty mediation, including an increased questioning of the effectiveness of UN mediation, and provides insights on how the UN may adapt to keep its relevance in a changing world.

Originality/value
The paper is based on original first-hand data gathered between 2018 and 2022 through more than 50 interviews with UN officials, negotiation team members, political and civil society actors from Syria and Libya, (former) state officials and experts from Russia and Turkey, as well as external observers.