bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel cysteine catalytic oxidation-based colorimetric approach for sensitive analysis of acute pancreatitis-related microRNA
Authors: Gong Mingwei , Jiang Guoyan , Rong Yuan , Yang Zeping , She Dong , Sun Chunhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is essential to establish simple, sensitive and accurate quantitative approaches for microRNAs (miRNAs) identification due to its crucial roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Herein, we propose a novel RCA-based colorimetric method for sensitive and reliable miRNA analysis. In this approach, cyclization of the padlock sequence by miRNA-21 initiates the RCA to produce numerous G-rich sequences. The generated G-rich sequences fold to G-quadruplex DNAzyme that is capable of catalyzing cysteine to cystine which could mediate the gold nanoparticle-based color reaction, outputting results that can be observed directly by naked eyes. Based on this, the approach exhibits a wide detection range with a low limit of detection of 4 fM. In addition, the dual target recognition endows the method a greatly improved selectivity.
Comparison of machine learning models and CEUS LI-RADS in differentiation of hepatic carcinoma and liver metastases in patients at risk of both hepatitis and extrahepatic malignancy
Authors: Li Jianming , Li Huarong , Xiao Fan , Liu Ruiqi , Chen Yixu , Xue Menglong , Yu Jie , Liang Ping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
CEUS LI-RADS (Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System) has good diagnostic efficacy for differentiating hepatic carcinoma (HCC) from solid malignant tumors. However, it can be problematic in patients with both chronic hepatitis B and extrahepatic primary malignancy. We explored the diagnostic performance of LI-RADS criteria and CEUS-based machine learning (ML) models in such patients.

Methods
Consecutive patients with hepatitis and HCC or liver metastasis (LM) who were included in a multicenter liver cancer database between July 2017 and January 2022 were enrolled in this study. LI-RADS and enhancement features were assessed in a training cohort, and ML models were constructed using gradient boosting, random forest, and generalized linear models. The diagnostic performance of the ML models was compared with LI-RADS in a validation cohort of patients with both chronic hepatitis and extrahepatic malignancy.

Results
The mild washout time was adjusted to 54 s from 60 s, increasing accuracy from 76.8 to 79.4%. Through feature screening, washout type II, rim enhancement and unclear border were identified as the top three predictor variables. Using LI-RADS to differentiate HCC from LM, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 68.2%, 88.6%, and 0.784, respectively. In comparison, the random forest and generalized linear model both showed significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy than LI-RADS (0.83 vs. 0.784; all P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Compared with LI-RADS, the random forest and generalized linear model had higher accuracy for differentiating HCC from LM in patients with chronic hepatitis B and extrahepatic malignancy.
Single-cell transcriptome profiling of sepsis identifies HLA-DRlowS100Ahigh monocytes with immunosuppressive function
Authors: Yao Ren-Qi , Zhao Peng-Yue , Li Zhi-Xuan , Liu Yu-Yang , Zheng Li-Yu , Duan Yu , Wang Lu , Yang Rong-Li , Kang Hong-Jun , Hao Ji-Wei , Li Jing-Yan , Dong Ning , Wu Yao , Du Xiao-Hui , Zhu Feng , Ren Chao , Wu Guo-Sheng , Xia Zhao-Fan , Yao Yong-Ming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Sustained yet intractable immunosuppression is commonly observed in septic patients, resulting in aggravated clinical outcomes. However, due to the substantial heterogeneity within septic patients, precise indicators in deciphering clinical trajectories and immunological alterations for septic patients remain largely lacking.

Methods
We adopted cross-species, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis based on two published datasets containing circulating immune cell profile of septic patients as well as immune cell atlas of murine model of sepsis. Flow cytometry, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) imaging and Western blotting were applied to identify the presence of S100A9+ monocytes at protein level. To interrogate the immunosuppressive function of this subset, splenic monocytes isolated from septic wild-type or S100a9−/− mice were co-cultured with naïve CD4+ T cells, followed by proliferative assay. Pharmacological inhibition of S100A9 was implemented using Paquinimod via oral gavage.

Results
ScRNA-seq analysis of human sepsis revealed substantial heterogeneity in monocyte compartments following the onset of sepsis, for which distinct monocyte subsets were enriched in disparate subclusters of septic patients. We identified a unique monocyte subset characterized by high expression of S100A family genes and low expression of human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), which were prominently enriched in septic patients and might exert immunosuppressive function. By combining single-cell transcriptomics of murine model of sepsis with in vivo experiments, we uncovered a similar subtype of monocyte significantly associated with late sepsis and immunocompromised status of septic mice, corresponding to HLA-DRlowS100Ahigh monocytes in human sepsis. Moreover, we found that S100A9+ monocytes exhibited profound immunosuppressive function on CD4+ T cell immune response and blockade of S100A9 using Paquinimod could partially reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression.

Conclusions
This study identifies HLA-DRlowS100Ahigh monocytes correlated with immunosuppressive state upon septic challenge, inhibition of which can markedly mitigate sepsis-induced immune depression, thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of sepsis.
Unpacking the ‘process of sustaining’—identifying threats to sustainability and the strategies used to address them: a longitudinal multiple case study
Authors: Lennox Laura , Antonacci Grazia , Harris Matthew , Reed Julie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Although sustainability remains a recognised challenge for Quality Improvement (QI) initiatives, most available research continues to investigate sustainability at the end of implementation. As a result, the learning and continuous adjustments that shape sustainability outcomes are lost. With little understanding of the actions and processes that influence sustainability within QI initiatives, there is limited practical guidance and direction on how to enhance the sustainability of QI initiatives. This study aims to unpack the ‘process of sustaining’, by exploring threats to sustainability encountered throughout the implementation of QI Initiatives and identifying strategies used by QI teams to address these threats over time.

Methods
A longitudinal multiple case study design was employed to follow 4 QI initiatives over a 3-year period. A standardised sustainability tool was used quarterly to collect perceptions of sustainability threats and actions throughout implementation. Interviews (n=38), observations (32.5 h), documentary analysis, and a focus group (n=10) were conducted to enable a greater understanding of how the process of sustaining is supported in practice. Data were analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Sustainability (CFS) to conduct thematic analysis.

Results
Analysis identified five common threats to sustainability: workforce stability, improvement timelines, organisational priorities, capacity for improvement, and stakeholder support. Each of these threats impacted multiple sustainability constructs demonstrating the complexity of the issues encountered. In response to threats, 12 strategies to support the process of sustaining were identified under three themes: engagement (five strategies that promoted the development of relationships), integration (three strategies that supported initiatives to become embedded within local systems), and adaptation (four strategies that enhanced understanding of, and response to, emergent conditions and contextual needs).

Conclusions
Sustaining improvements from QI initiatives requires continuous investment in relationships, resilience to integrate improvements in local systems, and flexibility to understand emergent conditions. Findings provide practitioners, funders, and researchers with a better understanding of, and preparation for, the threats associated with sustaining improvements from QI initiatives and offer insight into specific actions that can be taken to mitigate these risks. This learning can be used to inform future initiative design and support, to optimise the sustainability of healthcare improvements.

Trial registration
Not applicable
Risk-Adapted Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer: Final Report of the OCUM Study
Authors: Ruppert Reinhard , Junginger Theodor , Kube Rainer , Strassburg Joachim , Lewin Andreas , Baral Joerg , Maurer Christoph A. , Sauer Joerg , Lauscher Johannes , Winde Guenther , Thomasmeyer Rena , Stelzner Sigmar , Bambauer Cornelius , Scheunemann Soenke , Faedrich Axel , Wollschlaeger Daniel , Merkel Susanne 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE We investigated whether neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with rectal cancer can be restricted to those at high risk of locoregional recurrence (LR) without compromising oncological outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective multicenter interventional study, patients with rectal cancer (cT2-4, any cN, cM0) were classified according to the minimal distance between the tumor, suspicious lymph nodes or tumor deposits, and mesorectal fascia (mrMRF). Patients with a distance >1 mm underwent up-front total mesorectal excision (TME; low-risk group), whereas those with a distance ≤1 mm and/or cT4 and cT3 tumors in the lower rectal third received nCRT followed by TME surgery (high-risk group). The primary end point was 5-year LR rate. RESULTS Of the 1,099 patients included, 884 (80.4%) were treated according to the protocol. A total of 530 patients (60%) underwent up-front surgery, and 354 (40%) had nCRT followed by surgery. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed 5-year LR rates of 4.1% (95% CI, 2.7 to 5.5) for patients treated per protocol, 2.9% (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.5) after up-front surgery, and 5.7% (95% CI, 3.2 to 8.2) after nCRT followed by surgery. The 5-year rate of distant metastases was 15.9% (95% CI, 12.6 to 19.2) and 30.5% (95% CI, 25.4 to 35.6), respectively. In a subgroup analysis of 570 patients with lower and middle rectal third cII and cIII tumors, 257 (45.1%) were at low-risk. The 5-year LR rate in this group was 3.8% (95% CI, 1.4 to 6.2) after up-front surgery. In 271 high-risk patients (involved mrMRF and/or cT4), the 5-year rate of LR was 5.9% (95% CI, 3.0 to 8.8) and of metastases 34.5% (95% CI, 28.6 to 40.4); disease-free survival and overall survival were the worst. CONCLUSION The findings support the avoidance of nCRT in low-risk patients and suggest that in high-risk patients, neoadjuvant therapy should be intensified to improve prognosis.
Virtual Reality Treatment of Severe Neuropathic Pain in an Adolescent Child: A Case Report
Authors: Sørensen Jens Christian Hedemann , Vlachou Maria , Milidou Ioanna , Knudsen Anne Lene , Meier Kaare 
Published: June 2023

We describe virtual reality (VR) used as an effective intervention to treat severe chronic neuropathic pain in an otherwise healthy adolescent boy. The patient presented with severe pain and allodynia in the right foot after calcaneus extension surgery. Multiple medical and psychological interventions were unsuccessful over 3 years, with the pain leading the patient to drop out of school. VR gaming intervention provided the patient with significant pain relief and substantial improvement in functionality.
This case report details the VR intervention and its effect on the patient’s severe, medically refractory pain syndrome.
Disconnection Surgery in Pediatric Epilepsy: A Single Center's Experience With 185 Cases
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Ruofan , Liu Qingzhu , Liu Tong , Yu Hao , Liu Chang , Sun Yu , Liu Xiaoyan , Cai Lixin 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Lobar and multilobar disconnections have gradually become common surgical methods in pediatric epilepsy surgery in recent years. However, the surgical procedures, postoperative epilepsy outcomes, and complications reported by each center are quite different. To review and analyze the clinical data from lobar disconnection in treating intractable pediatric epilepsy and study the characteristics, surgical outcomes, and safety of different disconnection surgeries.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective analysis of 185 children with intractable epilepsy who underwent various lobar disconnections at the Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital. Clinical information was grouped according to their characteristics. The differences in the abovementioned characteristics among the different lobar disconnections were summarized, and risk factors affecting the surgical outcome and postsurgical complications were explored.

RESULTS:
Among the 185 patients, 149 patients (80.5%) achieved seizure freedom with a follow-up of 2.1 years. There were 145 patients (78.4%) with malformations of cortical development (MCD). The seizure onset time (median 6 months, P = .001) and surgery time (median 34 months, P = .000) of the MCD group were smaller. Differences were found in etiology, resection of the insular lobe and epilepsy outcome among different disconnection approaches. Both parieto-occipital disconnection (P = .038, odds ratio = 8.126) and MRI abnormalities larger than the disconnection extent (P = .030, odds ratio = 2.670) affected the epilepsy outcome. Early postoperative complications were observed in 43 patients (23.3%), and long-term postoperative complications were observed in 5 patients (2.7%).

CONCLUSION:
The most common etiology of epilepsy in children undergoing lobar disconnection is MCD, whose onset and operative ages are the youngest. Disconnection surgery obtained good seizure outcomes in the treatment of pediatric epilepsy with a low incidence of long-term complications. With advances in presurgical evaluation, disconnection surgery will play a more important role in young children with intractable epilepsy.
An O-GlcNAc transferase pathogenic variant linked to intellectual disability affects pluripotent stem cell self-renewal
Authors: Omelková Michaela , Fenger Christina Dühring , Murray Marta , Hammer Trine Bjørg , Pravata Veronica M. , Bartual Sergio Galan , Czajewski Ignacy , Bayat Allan , Ferenbach Andrew T. , Stavridis Marios P. , van Aalten Daan M. F. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential enzyme that modifies proteins with O-GlcNAc. Inborn OGT genetic variants were recently shown to mediate a novel type of congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG), which is characterised by X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and developmental delay. Here, we report an OGTC921Y variant that co-segregates with XLID and epileptic seizures, and results in loss of catalytic activity. Colonies formed by mouse embryonic stem cells carrying OGTC921Y showed decreased levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation accompanied by decreased levels of Oct4 (encoded by Pou5f1), Sox2 and extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), implying reduced self-renewal capacity. These data establish a link between OGT-CDG and embryonic stem cell self-renewal, providing a foundation for examining the developmental aetiology of this syndrome.
Case Report: an unusual orbital tumor
Authors: Mahmoud Anis , Touil Hager , Hann Fadima , Messaoud Riadh 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Orbital lipoma is an extremely rare tumor, representing less than 1% of all orbital tumors. We review the literature and describe the presentation, the differential diagnosis and the management of this tumor. Case report: We report the case of a 63-year-old patient who was referred for a diplopia with recent hemi-cranial headache. Physical examination showed no exophthalmos nor decrease in visual acuity. The patient complained of diplopia on elevation and oculomotricity examination showed limited elevation of the right eye. The Hess Lancaster test was in favor of a limited course of the right inferior rectus muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a fusiform tissue process in the right inferior rectus muscle with a fatty signal. A complete excision of the tumor was performed by a trasncunjonctival approach. Cytopathological examination was consistent with a pleomorphic lipoma. The postoperative period was uneventful. The definitive histopathologic diagnosis was a lipoma. The postoperative Magnetic resonance imaging showed the complete disappearance of the lesion. With 3 years of follow up, there is no sign of recurrence or ocular motility trouble. Conclusion: Lipomas are rare tumors in the orbit. The clinic is variable depending on the size and the site. The clinical diagnosis is difficult to make. Only histology allows the final diagnosis.
The economic effects of perceptions of the Russia-Ukraine war in Ecuador
Authors: Méndez-Prado Silvia Mariela , Medina-Castillo Julio Andres 
Published: June 2023

Background: Using an online questionnaire capturing the immediate economic and social effects of the Russia-Ukraine war. The study assesses the topics of more profound concern for university students and the variation of economic attitudes related to their socio-demographic variables. Methods: Three hundred eighty-five participants, between 18 and 22 years of age, 49% female, leads us to identify significant differences by sex and economic status related to the stock crash, inflation, corruption, and poverty perceptions. However, the effect size and sampling could be improved. Results: ANOVA confirms that the below-average economic status group feels more worried about higher inflation, while females tend to be more concerned about inflation, corruption, and poverty because of the conflict. Ordered logistic regression reveals that participants who express higher levels of concern regarding the impact of increased energy prices and poverty tend to exhibit greater overall worry. Conclusions: Even though convenience sampling imposes constraints to extrapolate the results broadly, the research constitutes a benchmark for similar studies among Latin American and Caribbean countries since economic expectations and economic knowledge from citizens, applied in their decisions, play an essential role in national development.
The effectiveness of minimally-invasive corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment of palatally impacted canines compared to the traditional traction method in terms of treatment duration, velocity of traction movement and the associated dentoalveolar changes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mousa Mahran R. , Hajeer Mohammad Younis , Burhan Ahmad S. , Heshmeh Omar , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a minimally-invasive corticotomy-assisted treatment of palatally impacted canines (PICs) compared with the traditional method by evaluating treatment time, the velocity of movement, and the associated dentoalveolar changes. Materials and methods: Forty-six patients with palatally or mid-alveolar upper impacted canines were recruited and distributed into two groups: the corticotomy-assisted traction group (CAT group, mean age: 20.39±2.27 years) and the traditional treatment group (TT group, mean age: 20.26±2.17 years). The closed surgical approach was used in both study groups. The velocity of traction movement, traction duration and overall treatment duration were evaluated clinically. In addition, the bone support ratios and the amount of root resorption were assessed on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Results: At the end of treatment, significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the velocity of traction movement, traction time, and overall treatment time (P<0.05). The mean velocity of traction movement in the CAT group was greater than the TT group (x velocity =1.15±0.35 mm/month; 0.70±0.33 mm/month, P=0.027, respectively). The duration of the active traction and the overall orthodontic treatment in the CAT group were significantly shorter than the TT group by 36% and 29%, respectively. The mean bone support ratios of the aligned canines did not differ significantly between the two groups (88% vs. 89% in the CAT and TT groups, respectively). No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the mean amount of root resorption on the adjacent laterals (x resorption = 1.30±1.18 mm; 1.22±1.02 mm, P=0.612, in CAT and TT groups, respectively). Conclusions: The traction movement velocity of the palatally impacted canines can be increased using minimally-invasive corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment. The side effects of the acceleration procedure were minimal and almost similar to those of the traditional technique.
Data-Driven Distributionally Robust CVaR Portfolio Optimization Under A Regime-Switching Ambiguity Set
Authors: Pun Chi Seng , Wang Tianyu , Yan Zhenzhen 
Published: June 2023

Problem definition: Nonstationarity of the random environment is a critical yet challenging concern in decision-making under uncertainty. We illustrate the challenge from the nonstationarity and the solution framework using the portfolio selection problem, a typical decision problem in a time-varying financial market. Methodology/Results: This paper models the nonstationarity by a regime-switching ambiguity set. In particular, we incorporate the time-varying feature of the stochastic environment into the traditional Wasserstein ambiguity set to build our regime-switching ambiguity set. This modeling framework has strong financial interpretations because the financial market is exposed to different economic cycles. We show that the proposed distributional optimization framework is computationally tractable. We further provide a general data-driven portfolio allocation framework based on a covariate-based estimation and a hidden Markov model. We prove that the approach can include the underlying distribution with a high probability when the sample size is larger than a quantitative bound, from which we further analyze the quality of the obtained portfolio. Extensive empirical studies are conducted to show that the proposed portfolio consistently outperforms the equally weighted portfolio (the 1/N strategy) and other benchmarks across both time and data sets. In particular, we show that the proposed portfolio exhibited a prompt response to the regime change in the 2008 financial crisis by reallocating the wealth into appropriate asset classes on account of the time-varying feature of our proposed model. Managerial implications: The proposed framework helps decision-makers hedge against time-varying uncertainties. Specifically, applying the proposed framework to portfolio selection problems helps investors respond promptly to the regime change in financial markets and adjust their portfolio allocation accordingly.Funding: This work was supported by the Neptune Orient Lines Fellowship [NOL21RP04], Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 [MOE-T2EP20220-0013], and Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 [Grant RG17/21].Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1229