bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the binding nature and stability of highly transmissible mutated variant alpha to omicron of SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD with ACE2 via molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Ramakrishnan Jaganathan , Chinnamadhu Archana , Suresh Suganya , Poomani Kumaradhas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrently, no approved drug is available as a causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) except for some repurposed drugs. The first structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was reported in late 2019, based on that some vaccines and repurposed drugs were approved to prevent people from COVID‐19 during the pandemic situation. Since then, new types of variants emerged and notably, the receptor binding domain (RBD) adopted different binding modes with angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); this made significant changes in the progression of COVID‐19. Some of the new variants are highly infectious spreading fast and dangerous. The present study is focused on understanding the binding mode of the RBD of different mutated SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (alpha to omicron) with the human ACE2 using molecular dynamics simulation. Notably, some variants adopted a new binding mode of RBD with ACE2 and formed different interactions, which is unlike the wild type; this was confirmed from the comparison of interaction between RBD‐ACE2 of all variants with its wild‐type structure. Binding energy values confirm that some mutated variants exhibit high binding affinity. These findings demonstrate that the variations in the sequence of SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐protein altered the binding mode of RBD; this may be the reason that the virus has high transmissibility and causes new infections. This in‐silico study on mutated variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD with ACE2 insights into their binding mode, binding affinity, and stability. This information may help to understand the RBD‐ACE2 binding domains, which allows for designing newer drugs and vaccines.
The impact and role of identified long noncoding RNAs in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A narrative review
Authors: Shi Na , Sun Kang , Tang Haiying , Mao Jingwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, but its mechanism and pathophysiology remain unclear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may exert a vital influence on regulating various biological functions in NAFLD.MethodsThe databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline were searched using the following keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH, long noncoding RNAs, and lncRNAs. Considering the titles and abstracts, unrelated studies were excluded. The authors evaluated the full texts of the remaining studies.ResultsWe summarized the current knowledge of lncRNAs and the main signaling pathways of lncRNAs involved in NAFLD explored in recent years. As a heterogeneous group of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), lncRNAs play crucial roles in biological processes underlying the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The mechanisms, particularly those associated with the regulation of the expression and activities of lncRNAs, play important roles in NAFLD.ConclusionA better comprehension of the mechanism controlled by lncRNAs in NAFLD is necessary for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for drug development and improved, noninvasive methods for diagnosis.
Multicenter propensity score‐matched analysis comparing short versus long cap‐assisted colonoscopy for acute hematochezia
Authors: Kobayashi Mariko , Akiyama Shintaro , Narasaka Toshiaki , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Yamada Atsuo , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Tominaga Naoyuki , Sato Yoshinori , Kishino Takaaki , Ishii Naoki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Sho , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Funabiki Tomohiro , Kinjo Yuzuru , Mizuki Akira , Kiyotoki Shu , Mikami Tatsuya , Gushima Ryosuke , Fujii Hiroyuki , Fuyuno Yuta , Gunji Naohiko , Toya Yosuke , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Manabe Noriaki , Nagaike Koji , Kinjo Tetsu , Sumida Yorinobu , Funakoshi Sadahiro , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Komaki Yuga , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Kaise Mitsuru , Nagata Naoyoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimWhile short and long attachment caps are available for colonoscopy, it is unclear which type is more appropriate for stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) identification in acute hematochezia. This study aimed to compare the performance of short versus long caps in acute hematochezia diagnoses and outcomes.MethodsWe selected 6460 patients who underwent colonoscopy with attachment caps from 10 342 acute hematochezia cases in the CODE BLUE‐J study. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) to balance baseline characteristics between short and long cap users. Then, the proportion of definitive or presumptive bleeding etiologies found on the initial colonoscopy and SRH identification rates were compared. We also evaluated rates of blood transfusions, interventional radiology, or surgery, as well as the rate of rebleeding and mortality within 30 days after the initial colonoscopy.ResultsA total of 3098 patients with acute hematochezia (1549 short cap and 1549 long cap users) were selected for PSM. The rate of colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) diagnosis was significantly higher in long cap users (P = 0.006). While the two groups had similar rates of the other bleeding etiologies, the frequency of unknown etiologies was significantly lower in long cap users (P < 0.001). The rate of SRH with active bleeding was significantly higher in long cap users (P < 0.001). Other clinical outcomes did not differ significantly.ConclusionCompared to that with short caps, long cap‐assisted colonoscopy is superior for the diagnosis of acute hematochezia, especially CDB, and the identification of active bleeding.
From Compressed‐Sensing to Deep Learning MR: Comparative Biventricular Cardiac Function Analysis in a Patient Cohort
Authors: Yan Xianghu , Luo Yi , Chen Xiao , Chen Eric Z. , Liu Qi , Zou Lixian , Bao Yuwei , Huang Lu , Xia Liming 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundConventional segmented, retrospectively gated cine (Conv‐cine) is challenged in patients with breath‐hold difficulties. Compressed sensing (CS) has shown values in cine imaging but generally requires long reconstruction time. Recent artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated potential in fast cine imaging.PurposeTo compare CS‐cine and AI‐cine with Conv‐cine in quantitative biventricular functions, image quality, and reconstruction time.Study TypeProspective human studies.Subjects70 patients (age, 39 ± 15 years, 54.3% male).Field Strength/Sequence3T; balanced steady state free precession gradient echo sequences.AssessmentBiventricular functional parameters of CS‐, AI‐, and Conv‐cine were measured by two radiologists independently and compared. The scan and reconstruction time were recorded. Subjective scores of image quality were compared by three radiologists.Statistical TestsPaired t‐test and two related‐samples Wilcoxon sign test were used to compare biventricular functional parameters between CS‐, AI‐, and Conv‐cine. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland–Altman analysis, and Kendall's W method were applied to evaluate agreement of biventricular functional parameters and image quality of these three sequences. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant, and standardized mean difference (SMD) < 0. 100 was considered no significant difference.ResultsCompared to Conv‐cine, no statistically significant differences were identified in CS‐ and AI‐cine function results (all P > 0.05), except for very small differences in left ventricle end‐diastole volumes of 2.5 mL (SMD = 0.082) and 4.1 mL (SMD = 0.096), respectively. Bland–Altman scatter plots revealed that biventricular function results were mostly distributed within the 95% confidence interval. All parameters had acceptable to excellent interobserver agreements (ICC: 0.748–0.989). Compared with Conv‐cine (84 ± 13 sec), both CS (14 ± 2 sec) and AI (15 ± 2 sec) techniques reduced scan time. Compared with CS‐cine (304 ± 17 sec), AI‐cine (24 ± 4 sec) reduced reconstruction time. CS‐cine demonstrated significantly lower quality scores than Conv‐cine, while AI‐cine demonstrated similar scores (P = 0.634).ConclusionCS‐ and AI‐cine can achieve whole‐heart cardiac cine imaging in a single breath‐hold. Both CS‐ and AI‐cine have the potential to supplement the gold standard Conv‐cine in studying biventricular functions and benefit patients having difficulties with breath‐holds.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Distinct retinoic gene signatures discriminate Merkel cell polyomavirus‐positive from ‐negative Merkel cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Mazziotta Chiara , Cervellera Christian Felice , Badiale Giada , Vitali Ilaria , Touzé Antoine , Tognon Mauro , Martini Fernanda , Rotondo John Charles 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLimited molecular knowledge of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)‐positive and ‐negative Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) subsets (MCCP/MCCN) has prevented so far the identification of the MCC origin cell type and, therefore, the development of effective therapies. The retinoic gene signature was investigated in various MCCP, MCCN, and control fibroblast/epithelial cell lines to elucidate the heterogeneous nature of MCC. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis indicated that MCCP and MCCN cells were clusterizable from each other and control cells, according to their retinoic gene signature. MCCP versus MCCN differentially expressed genes (n = 43) were identified. Protein–protein interaction network indicated SOX2, ISL1, PAX6, FGF8, ASCL1, OLIG2, SHH, and GLI1 as upregulated hub genes and JAG1 and MYC as downregulated hub genes in MCCP compared to MCCN. Numerous MCCP‐associated hub genes were DNA‐binding/‐transcription factors involved in neurological and Merkel cell development and stemness. Enrichment analyses indicated that MCCP versus MCCN differentially expressed genes predominantly encode for to DNA‐binding/‐transcription factors involved in development, stemness, invasiveness, and cancer. Our findings suggest the neuroendocrine origin of MCCP, by which neuronal precursor cells could undergo an MCPyV‐driven transformation. These overarching results might open the way to novel retinoid‐based MCC therapies.
Analytical analysis and linearity performance of dual metalhigh‐KSchottky nanowireFET(DM‐HK‐SNWFET)
Authors: Sharma Swati , Nath Vandana , Deswal S. S. , Gupta R. S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study's objectives are to deliver a relative analysis of non‐uniformly doped (NUD) and uniformly doped Dual Metal High‐K Schottky nanowire FET (DM‐HK‐SNWFET). Surface potential, subthreshold current, subthreshold swing, and drain current have been expressed and analyzed by resolving 2D Poisson's equation with suitable boundary conditions. The analog performance of the device is verified by examining cut‐off frequency (fT), trans‐conductance frequency product (TFP), gain frequency product (GFP), and gain trans‐conductance frequency product (GTFP). The results show suitable RF circuit parameters with a high switching ratio (≈3 × 109) and low subthreshold swing (61 mV/decade) for NUD‐DM‐HK‐SNWFET. Additionally, linearity frequency of merits (FOMs) and distortion performance are also studied by numerically calculating higher order voltage and current intercept point (VIP2,VIP3, IIP3, IMD3); 1‐dB compression point and Harmonics distortions (HD2 and HD3) using transconductance (gm1) along with its higher derivativesgm2andgm3. These parameters exhibit high‐level linearity and low‐level distortion at zero crossover points in NUD‐DM‐HK‐SNWFET, making it a better contender for low‐power and high‐performance applications.
Negative affect provides a context for increased distrust in the daily lives of individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment
Authors: Schmitz Sara E. , Niedtfeld Inga , Lane Sean P. , Seitz Katja I. , Hepp Johanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEvidence on individuals affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childhood maltreatment (CM) supports cognitive models suggesting that trauma engenders distrust and interpersonal threat sensitivity. We examined the associations between CM and both distrust and interpersonal threat sensitivity in daily life and investigated whether momentary negative affect (NA) provides a context that strengthens this association. Hypotheses were based on cognitive models of trauma and the feelings‐as‐information theory. In a 7‐day ambulatory assessment study with six semirandom daily prompts (2,295 total), we measured self‐reported momentary NA and assessed behavioral trust as well as interpersonal threat sensitivity via facial emotion ratings with two novel experimental paradigms in 61 participants with varying levels of CM (45,900 total trials). As hypothesized, NA was associated with increased momentary distrust, β = .03, p = .002, and interpersonal threat sensitivity, β = −.01, p = .021. Higher levels of CM were associated with more negative emotion ratings, independent of affective context, β = −.07, p = .003. Momentary behavioral distrust was associated with CM at high levels of momentary NA, β = .02, p = .027. The findings for both tasks support the feelings‐as‐information theory and suggest that cognitive alterations surrounding distrust and interpersonal threat, which were originally proposed for PTSD, likely also affect individuals with a history of CM.
American Cochlear Implant Alliance Task Force: Recommendations for Determining Cochlear Implant Candidacy in Adults
Authors: Zeitler Daniel M. , Prentiss Sandra M. , Sydlowski Sarah A. , Dunn Camille C. 
Published: July 2023

The indications for cochlear implantation have expanded over time due to evidence demonstrating identification and implantation of appropriate cochlear implant (CI) candidates lead to significant improvements in speech recognition and quality of life (QoL). However, clinical practice is variable, with some providers using outdated criteria and others exceeding current labeled indications. As a results, only a fraction of those persons who could benefit from CI technology receive it. This document summarizes the current evidence for determining appropriate referrals for adults with bilateral hearing loss into CI centers for formal evaluation by stressing the importance of treating each ear individually and a “revised 60/60 rule”. By mirroring contemporary clinical practice and available evidence, these recommendations will also provide a standardized testing protocol for CI candidates using a team‐based approach that prioritizes individualized patient care. This manuscript was developed by the Adult Cochlear Implantation Candidacy Task Force of the American Cochlear Implant Alliance using review of the existing literature and clinical consensus.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:S1–S14, 2024
Fast 3D Optoacoustic Mesoscopy of Neuromelanin Through Entire Human Midbrain Organoids at Single‐Cell Resolution
Authors: Englert Ludwig , Lacalle‐Aurioles María , Mohamed Nguyen‐Vi , Lépine Paula , Mathur Meghna , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Durcan Thomas M. , Aguirre Juan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of neuromelanin‐containing dopaminergic neurons. Novel 3D culture systems like human midbrain‐like organoids (hMOs) enable new research avenues for patient‐specific therapies, but cannot reach their full potential unless rapid optical imaging of entire organoids is enabled. Currently, hMOs have to undergo tissue clearing processes before imaging to overcome light scattering. Since tissue clearing is a lengthy chemical procedure, large ensemble studies and pharmacological longitudinal studies, which require live cultures, are impossible. To address this obstacle, raster scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) is considered for imaging intact hMOs. RSOM is an optical imaging technique that leverages the optoacoustic effect to overcome the need of tissue clearing. Moreover, by using tomographic principles, large specimens can be imaged within minutes. The results confirm that RSOM can image the neuromelanin distribution in complete hMOs at a single‐cell resolution. Whole hMO volumes of standard size can be imaged in 4 min. Comparison with bright‐field microscopy and histology confirms the ground truth of the RSOM images. This work opens several research opportunities regarding neuromelanin in hMOs with potential to boost research in Parkinson disease.
Equitable design of material processing parameters by utilizing probability‐based method for multi‐objective optimization
Authors: Wang Y. , Zheng M. , Li D. , Teng H. , Lei Y. , Zhao T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the equitable design is regulated, two steps are involved in the main processes. Preliminarily, the newly proposed probability‐based method for multi‐objective optimization is used to transfer the multi‐objective problem into a single objective one in the viewpoint of probability theory; subsequently the “uniform design method” and “good lattice point” are employed to complete the discretization in the sequential optimization. Moreover, the detailed parameters design of heat treatment for steel 30CrMnSiA and the proper cutting of titanium alloy are given as examples. The experimental results show the rationality of the proposed approach reasonably.
Impact of impedance compensation structure in coaxial‐microstrip transition section on near‐field radiation
Authors: Zhang Tianmeng , Gao Jinchun , Wang Wenjia , Wang Ziren , Xu Xiaolong , Xie Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoaxial‐microstrip transition sections are extensively used in radio frequency (RF) circuits, providing electrical interconnection and signal transmission. However, an antipad used for impedance compensation in the coaxial‐microstrip transition section leads to signal return path discontinuity and radiation emission. Accordingly, in this current work, the impact of impedance compensation structure on the near‐field radiation in the coaxial‐microstrip transition section was investigated by theoretical analysis and experimental testing. A 3D electromagnetic field model of a circuit board with an anti‐pad was developed to calculate the S‐parameters and radiation electric field. Based on the characteristics of the electric near‐field probe, a transfer function model was also developed to convert the radiation electric field obtained by the electromagnetic field model into the output voltage for better comparison with the test results. In addition, the effect of the rise time of the input signal on near‐electric field radiation was also studied in this work. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results obtained from the transfer function model. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the electromagnetic radiation characteristics caused by the impedance compensation structure and theoretical support for compensation optimization strategy in engineering.
A compact Ka‐band MMIC power amplifier using continuous Class‐B/J mode technique
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Chieh , Chen Kuan‐Chou , Chiou Hwann‐Kaeo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis letter presents a Ka‐band GaAs broadband high efficiency power amplifier (PA). The power amplifier achieves the best trade‐off among gain, output power, power added efficiency (PAE), and fractional bandwidth through nonlinear simulations to select proper device size and bias conditions. The high‐efficiency and broadband performances are achieved by using continuous Class‐B/J mode for fundamental and second harmonics output matching network. The fabricated PA achieves a power gain of 18.8 dB, a 3‐dB bandwidth of 25–30.2 GHz, a saturation power 25.5 dBm, a peak PAE of 30.0%. The chip size is as compact as 1.08 mm2 including all pads.
Time‐dependent diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion modeling of age‐related differences in the medial gastrocnemius and feasibility study of correlations to histopathology
Authors: Malis Vadim , Sinha Usha , Smitaman Edward , Obra Jed Keenan Lim , Langer Henning T. , Mossakowski Agata A. , Baar Keith , Sinha Shantanu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeImplement STEAM‐DTI to model time‐dependent diffusion eigenvalues using the random permeable barrier model (RPBM) to study age‐related differences in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle. Validate diffusion model‐extracted fiber diameter for histological assessment.MethodsDiffusion imaging at different diffusion times (Δ) was performed on seven young and six senior participants. Time‐dependent diffusion eigenvalues (λ2(t), λ3(t), and D⊥(t); average of λ2(t) and λ3(t)) were fit to the RPBM to extract tissue microstructure parameters. Biopsy of the MG tissue for histological assessment was performed on a subset of participants (four young, six senior).Resultsλ3(t) was significantly higher in the senior cohort for the range of diffusion times. RPBM fits to λ2(t) yielded fiber diameters in agreement to those from histology for both cohorts. The senior cohort had lower values of volume fraction of membranes, ζ, in fits to λ2(t), λ3(t), and D⊥(t) (significant for fit to λ3(t)). Fits of fiber diameter from RPBM to that from histology had the highest correlation for the fit to λ2(t).ConclusionThe age‐related patterns in λ2(t) and λ3(t) could tentatively be explained from RPBM fits; these patterns may potentially arise from a decrease in fiber asymmetry and an increase in permeability with age.
Solving the discretised neutron diffusion equations using neural networks
Authors: Phillips Toby R.F. , Heaney Claire E. , Chen Boyang , Buchan Andrew G. , Pain Christopher C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach which uses the tools within artificial intelligence (AI) software libraries as an alternative way of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that have been discretised using standard numerical methods. In particular, we describe how to represent numerical discretisations arising from the finite volume and finite element methods by pre‐determining the weights of convolutional layers within a neural network. As the weights are defined by the discretisation scheme, no training of the network is required and the solutions obtained are identical (accounting for solver tolerances) to those obtained with standard codes often written in Fortran or C++. We also explain how to implement the Jacobi method and a multigrid solver using the functions available in AI libraries. For the latter, we use a U‐Net architecture which is able to represent a sawtooth multigrid method. A benefit of using AI libraries in this way is that one can exploit their built‐in technologies to enable the same code to run on different computer architectures (such as central processing units, graphics processing units or new‐generation AI processors) without any modification. In this article, we apply the proposed approach to eigenvalue problems in reactor physics where neutron transport is described by diffusion theory. For a fuel assembly benchmark, we demonstrate that the solution obtained from our new approach is the same (accounting for solver tolerances) as that obtained from the same discretisation coded in a standard way using Fortran. We then proceed to solve a reactor core benchmark using the new approach. For both benchmarks we give timings for the neural network implementation run on a CPU and a GPU, and a serial Fortran code run on a CPU.