bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Hermann Kantorowicz Changed His Mind About America and Its Law, 1927–34
Authors: Schmidt Katharina Isabel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHermann Kantorowicz crossed the Atlantic twice: to take up a visiting professorship at Columbia Law School in the summer of 1927, and to find refuge at New York's University in Exile in 1933/1934. Between his first and second stay, the German-Jewish émigré changed his mind about America and its law fundamentally. While he had—patronizingly—praised his US colleagues for “catch[ing] up… intellectually” in 1927, he accused them of “destroy[ing] the Law itself” in 1934. Reconstructing Kantorowicz's change of heart, my article uncovers just how open the transatlantic 1930s still were in jurisprudential matters. As leader of the so-called “free law” movement, Kantorowicz had sparked a turn to “life” in German legal science in the years before World War I. Throughout the 1920s, he had then watched contentedly, as American “realist” scholars drew on free law ideas for their own critical projects. By 1934, however, Kantorowicz could not help but notice parallels between New Deal and Nazi law. To his mind, both Roosevelt's and Hitler's jurists had started turning his moderate free law ideas into a radical—and dangerous—legal nihilism: in designating law as life's only source, they shunned scientific legal methods. In light of these concerns, my article excavates life-law's delicate suspension between peril and potential. My sources reveal a striking, triangular relationship between German free law, American legal realism, and Nazi life-jurisprudence.
Catering of high-risk foods and potential of stored food menu data for timely outbreak investigations in healthcare facilities, Italy and Germany
Authors: Boone Idesbald , D'Errico Michele Luca , Iannetti Luigi , Scavia Gaia , Tozzoli Rosangela , Ethelberg Steen , Eckmanns Tim , Stark Klaus , Wilking Hendrik , Haller Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Healthcare-associated foodborne outbreaks (HA-FBOs) can cause significant morbidity and mortality, affecting particularly vulnerable hospital populations. Electronic records of food served in healthcare facilities (HCFs) could be useful for timely investigations of HA-FBOs. We explored the availability and usability of electronic food menu data to support investigations of HA-FBOs through a survey among 35 HCFs in Germany (n = 13) and in Italy (n = 22). Large variability was reported in the storage time of menu data (from no storage up to 10 years) and their formats, including paper, electronic (PDF, Word, Excel), or fully searchable databases (15/22 in Italian HCFs, 3/13 in German HCFs). Food products that may present a risk to vulnerable persons – including deli salads, raw/fermented sausage products, soft cheese, smoked fish or frozen berries – were offered on the menu of all HCFs in Germany, and one-third of the Italian HCFs. The usability of electronic food menu data for the prevention or investigation of HA-FBOs may be suboptimal in a large number of HCFs in Germany, as well as in some HCFs in Italy. Standardised collection for use of electronic food menu data might help discover the association between illnesses and food eaten during outbreak investigations. Hospital hygienists, food safety and public health authorities should collaborate to increase implementation of food safety guidelines.
Ornamental melismas in Aquitanian introits
Authors: KELLY THOMAS FORREST 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMelismas are used to decorate the performance of introits in the early manuscripts of East Francia and of the region of Aquitaine. The former group includes melismas attached to the ends of phrases in manuscripts of the tenth and eleventh centuries. The Aquitanian practice, apart from a few introits that resemble the East Frankish usage, is to add substantial melismas – not the same as those used by the East Franks – to the final soloistic doxology, as a sort of flourish indicating the final reprise. These melismas are sometimes found in tonaries, perhaps for general application to any introit in the mode, and sometimes attached to individual introits. Melismas from Aquitanian tonaries, graduals and tropers are catalogued and described. These melismas are evidently portable, often being used for more than one occasion.
A conversation with Koji Mizoguchi. On globalization, Japanese archaeology and archaeological theory today
Authors: Ribeiro Artur 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn the occasion of a short research trip to Japan, I had the opportunity to sit down with Professor Koji Mizoguchi in Kyushu University, Fukuoka, to discuss several topics, which you will find transcribed below. I was curious as to his thoughts that he – as the President of the World Archaeological Congress, a non-governmental and non-profit organization that promotes the exchange of archaeological results, training at a global scale and the empowerment of Indigenous and minority groups, a Professor of Social Archaeology, and one of the few archaeologists writing archaeological theory in the far East – had on the state of the art of archaeology today. Furthermore, since I grew up in Europe but nevertheless feel a deep connection with my own Asian ancestry, I was very interested in Mizoguchi’s own experience and contributions to archaeology in Japan and the world.
Projected Climate‐Driven Changes of Water Table Depth in the World's Major Groundwater Basins
Authors: Costantini Maya , Colin Jeanne , Decharme Bertrand 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs groundwater found in aquifers is the main reservoir of freshwater for human activity, knowledge of the future response of groundwater to climate change is key for improving water management adaptation plans. We analyze the climate‐driven evolution of future levels of unconfined aquifers in the 218 world's major groundwater basins in global climate simulations following the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios, run with models able to capture feedbacks among climate, land use and groundwater. We find a rising of groundwater levels on global average, which is consistent with the projected global intensification of precipitation. This signal presents large regional disparities which mostly match the patterns of precipitation changes. As the climate models we used do not simulate human groundwater withdrawals (irrigation as well as domestic and industrial uses) which represent the other main driver of groundwater levels evolution, we also use Food and Agriculture Organization maps of present‐day irrigated areas and projections of population in 2100 to identify regions where groundwater withdrawals could exacerbate the projected depletion, or even reverse a projected rise into a depletion. Depending on the scenario, we then find a rise (respectively a depletion) of groundwater levels in 2100 over 33%[28–39]% to 42%[41–45]% (respectively 26%[25–32]% to 37%[36–40]%) of the area covered by the 218 world's major groundwater basins. And we estimate that 31%[29–36]% to 43%[42–44]% of the world's population could be affected by these groundwater changes, facing either water scarcity issues (for 29%[27–33]% to 40%[39–40]% of the population), or increased risks of flooding (for 1.7%[1.5–2.2]% to 2.2%[2.2–2.4]% of the population).
Variability of Antenna Signals From Dust Impacts
Authors: Shen Mitchell M. , Sternovsky Zoltan , Malaspina David M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectric field instruments carried by spacecraft (SC) are complementary to dedicated dust detectors by registering transient voltage perturbations caused by impact‐generated plasma. The signal waveform contains information about the interaction between the impact‐generated plasma cloud and the elements of SC‐antenna system. The variability of antenna signals from dust impacts has not yet been systematically characterized. A set of laboratory measurements are performed to characterize signal variations in response to SC parameters (bias voltage and antenna configuration) and impactor parameters (impact speed and composition). The measurements demonstrate that dipole antenna configurations are sensitive to dust impacts and that the detected signals vary with impact location. When dust impacts occur at low speeds, the antennas typically register smaller amplitudes and less characteristic impact signal shapes. In this case, impact event identification may be more challenging due to lower signal‐to‐noise ratios and/or more variable waveforms shapes, indicating the compound nature of nonfully developed impact‐generated plasmas. To investigate possible variations in the impacting materials, the measurements are carried out using two dust samples with different mass densities: iron and aluminum. No significant variations of the measured waveform or plasma parameters obtained from data analysis are observed between the two materials used.
Mapping the Spatial Footprint of Sea Breeze Winds in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Bao Shaowu , Pietrafesa Leonard , Gayes Paul , Noble Stephen , Viner Brian , Qian Jian‐Hua , Werth David , Mitchell Grant , Burdette Savannah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSea breeze winds are observed at various locations worldwide, but the spatially continuous mapping of sea breeze winds is rare. We have developed a scheme to map the areas of the southeastern United States (SEUS) coast influenced by sea breeze winds using a range of surface re‐analysis data to identify their occurrence. Changes in wind direction and dew point temperature are both used to detect a potential sea breeze signature, which is then confirmed by cumuliform clouds seen in satellite images or coastal fronts shown as cohesive lines in radar reflectivity images. Filters are employed to remove onshore winds not induced by the temperature difference between land and sea. From March to September 2019, this scheme identified 134 days with sea breeze occurrence somewhere in the SEUS, a frequency of 63 percent. The number of sea breezes increased from March to July and then decreased to September. Deep inland propagation of sea breezes during this period left footprints in a band parallel to the coastline up to about 220 km inland, after which the sea breeze winds quickly diminished. Comparisons show that the findings using the scheme are consistent with site observations, theoretical estimates, and idealized and semi‐idealized numerical model simulations.
Assimilating Sentinel‐3 All‐Sky PWV Retrievals to Improve the WRF Forecasting Performance Over the South China
Authors: Gong Yangzhao , Liu Zhizhao , Chan Pak Wai , Hon Kai Kwong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWater vapor is a key driver for the evolution of weather system. To investigate the impact of assimilating Sentinel‐3 precipitable water vapor (PWV) on weather forecasting, Sentinel‐3 PWV retrievals over the South China with two different assimilation schemes are assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. In the first assimilation scheme, only Sentinel‐3 clear‐sky PWV are assimilated, while Sentinel‐3 all‐sky PWV are assimilated for the second assimilation scheme. For both data assimilation schemes, we totally conduct 28 WRF data assimilation runs and forecasts for 28 selected days over two periods, that is, 14 days in March 2020 and 14 days in June 2020. The weather condition in June 2020 is much wetter than March 2020. Generally, assimilating Sentinel‐3 PWV improves the WRF forecasting performance, particularly for June 2020. Assimilation of all‐sky PWV outperforms assimilation of clear‐sky PWV. The comparison results with radiosonde profiles show that assimilating Sentinel‐3 PWV appreciably corrects the bias of WRF water vapor mixing ratio forecasting results for June 2020. The rainfall validation results show that both assimilation schemes show a positive impact in June 2020, but a neutral impact in March 2020. For June 2020, assimilating Sentinel‐3 all‐sky PWV improves rainfall forecast skill score by 2.4%, while the rainfall forecast score is improved by 1.0% after assimilating clear‐sky PWV. Additionally, assimilation of Sentinel‐3 PWV can modify the WRF moisture field, which further improves the rainfall spatial pattern.
RIMFAX Ground Penetrating Radar Reveals Dielectric Permittivity and Rock Density of Shallow Martian Subsurface
Authors: Casademont T. M. , Eide S. , Shoemaker E. S. , Liu Y. , Nunes D. C. , Russell P. , Dypvik H. , Amundsen H. E. F. , Berger T. , Hamran S.‐E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover is equipped with the RIMFAX ground penetrating radar instrument which has been continuously surveying the shallow subsurface during the rover's journey. Within the first 379 mission days, we identify hyperbolic patterns in the data, which are thought to be caused by objects such as buried boulders or cavities located in the upper 5 m of the subsurface. To obtain the first detailed estimates of radar wave propagation velocity, we match these scatterer‐generated patterns with theoretical traveltime hyperbolas, which take into account the refraction at the surface. We employ these estimates to derive the average dielectric permittivity and bulk rock density of the volume above the scatterer source. The parameters compare well with those obtained through orbital radar measurements and those measured by other instruments onboard the Perseverance Rover. Our findings are consistent with a subsurface dominated by solid rock and mafic material.
Shattered Veins Elucidate Brittle Creep Processes in the Deep Slow Slip and Tremor Region
Authors: Muñoz‐Montecinos J. , Angiboust S. , Garcia‐Casco A. , Raimondo T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeep Slow Slip and Tremors (SSTs) are a combination of transient clusters of tectonic tremors and slow slip associated with extremely elevated fluid pressures. SSTs are thought to reflect a transition from viscous to brittle plate interface rheology and likely exert a first‐order control on megathrust seismicity. Nevertheless, the deformation mechanisms governing the source of SSTs remain elusive. We herein document the occurrence of vein networks precipitated and brecciated within the deep SST region under blueschist‐facies conditions. These lawsonite‐rich vein sets exhibit extensive evidence of brittle deformation and are spatially related to localized, finely milled (cataclastic) shear bands. Petro‐geochemical data reveal that brittle deformation was accompanied by the injection of several ultramafic‐, mafic‐ and metasedimentary‐derived fluid pulses, imprinting characteristic Cr, high field strength elements, and light over heavy rare earth elements positive anomalies in the vein breccias while leaching light rare earth elements from the cataclastic blueschist host. Our results suggest that metamorphic veins represent zones of mechanical anisotropy within the rock volume prone to localized shearing, brittle deformation and episodic injection of externally derived fluids. These networks demonstrate the importance of former vein sets as structural heterogeneities in triggering fluid‐controlled brittle creep events. The combined effects of high pore fluid pressures and rheological heterogeneities in the form of metamorphic veins could trigger the nucleation and propagation of SSTs at the margins of this mechanically anisotropic environment, and thus determine where slip will take place along deep subduction interfaces.
Incoming Neutron Flux Corrections for Cosmic‐Ray Soil and Snow Sensors Using the Global Neutron Monitor Network
Authors: McJannet D. L. , Desilets D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCosmic‐ray neutron sensors (CRNS) have been used in many studies for measuring soil moisture and snow pack over intermediate scales. Corrections for barometric pressure and atmospheric humidity are well established, however, corrections for the effect of solar activity on neutron intensity rates have been overly simplistic, typically relying on one neutron monitor station and accounting for latitude and elevation crudely or not at all. Recognizing the lack of a generalized and scientifically robust approach to neutron intensity correction, we developed a new approach for correcting CRNS count rates based on analysis of data from 110 quality‐controlled neutron monitor stations from around the world spanning more than seven decades. Count rates from each monitor were plotted against the count rates from Climax, CO, USA or Jungfraujoch, Switzerland depending on the time period covered. Relationships between relative counting rates at the site of interest versus the reference neutron monitors were found to be strongly linear. The slope and intercept of these linear relation are both dependent on a scaling factor referred to as , which was shown to increase with increasing geomagnetic latitude and elevation. This dependence was represented using an empirical relationship based on a single reference neutron monitor. This generalized approach enables to be derived for any location on Earth and also lends itself to roving CRNS studies. The correction procedure also includes a location‐dependent normalization factor which enables easy substitution of an alternative reference neutron monitor into the correction procedure.
Irrigation‐Induced Crop Growth Enhances Irrigation Cooling Effect Over the North China Plain by Increasing Transpiration
Authors: Liu Guoshuai , Wang Weiguang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe large‐scale irrigation is demonstrated to significantly affect regional hydroclimatic regime by changing underlying surface (e.g., crop growth and soil moisture), yet the contribution of irrigation‐induced crop “greening” to climatic effects is not well understood. In this study, we use a window‐searching algorithm to evaluate the irrigation effects on vegetation with leaf area index (LAI) as a vegetation index, and further conduct three regional climate simulations to investigate the comprehensive effects of irrigation on surface fluxes and local climate over the North China Plain. We find that irrigation leads to a more significant greening in March‐May (MAM) than in June‐September (JJAS). Especially in April and May, the irrigation‐induced change in LAI (ΔLAI) exceeds 0.4 m2 m−2 in intensively irrigated areas. Irrigation induces a cooling effect in air temperature at 2 m with decreasing magnitudes of 0.58°C in MAM and 0.43°C in JJAS, respectively, in which ΔLAI contributes about 34.5% (0.20°C) and 14.0% (0.06°C). Likewise, the irrigation‐induced changes in latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, and transpiration are all enlarged via the irrigation greening effect. Whereas the increase in soil evaporation is alleviated, because the greening‐triggered enhancement of crop root uptake reduces the increase in soil moisture. Moreover, irrigation effects on net radiation depend on the competing influences of irrigation‐triggered cooling and cloud formation. This study provides beneficial references to understand the impact of irrigation on regional energy balance and water cycle, and highlights that in modeling hydroclimatic feedback to irrigation, the greening effect induced by irrigation should be considered.
To metabolomics and beyond: a technological portfolio to investigate cancer metabolism
Authors: Danzi Federica , Pacchiana Raffaella , Mafficini Andrea , Scupoli Maria T. , Scarpa Aldo , Donadelli Massimo , Fiore Alessandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTumour cells have exquisite flexibility in reprogramming their metabolism in order to support tumour initiation, progression, metastasis and resistance to therapies. These reprogrammed activities include a complete rewiring of the bioenergetic, biosynthetic and redox status to sustain the increased energetic demand of the cells. Over the last decades, the cancer metabolism field has seen an explosion of new biochemical technologies giving more tools than ever before to navigate this complexity. Within a cell or a tissue, the metabolites constitute the direct signature of the molecular phenotype and thus their profiling has concrete clinical applications in oncology. Metabolomics and fluxomics, are key technological approaches that mainly revolutionized the field enabling researchers to have both a qualitative and mechanistic model of the biochemical activities in cancer. Furthermore, the upgrade from bulk to single-cell analysis technologies provided unprecedented opportunity to investigate cancer biology at cellular resolution allowing an in depth quantitative analysis of complex and heterogenous diseases. More recently, the advent of functional genomic screening allowed the identification of molecular pathways, cellular processes, biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets that in concert with other technologies allow patient stratification and identification of new treatment regimens. This review is intended to be a guide for researchers to cancer metabolism, highlighting current and emerging technologies, emphasizing advantages, disadvantages and applications with the potential of leading the development of innovative anti-cancer therapies.
The long non-coding RNA PVT1 promotes tumorigenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma via interaction with 4EBP1
Authors: Li Rong , Huang Dan , Ju Mei , Chen Hong-ying , Luan Chao , Zhang Jia-an , Chen Kun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) plays an oncogenic role in multiple cancers due to its high expression. However, the expression and associated regulatory mechanisms of PVT1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remain unclear. Our results revealed that PVT1 was highly upregulated in cSCC tissues and cSCC cell lines. To determine the functional role of PVT1 in cSCC, we constructed a stable knockdown cell model of PVT1 in the A431 and COLO16 cell lines using a lentiviral approach. Xenograft tumor experiments of nude mice in vivo, and colony formation, CCK-8, and EdU assays in vitro demonstrated that knockdown of PVT1 could widely suppress cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In addition, PVT1 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis, as detected by flow cytometry analysis. Wound healing and transwell assays revealed that PVT1 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of CSCC cell lines. To gain insight into the tumorigenic mechanism and explore the potential target molecules of PVT1, we employed label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. The GO, KEGG enrichment, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks suggested that 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) is the possible downstream target effector of PVT1, which was validated by western blot analysis. PVT1 silencing markedly decreased 4EBP1 protein expression levels and directly bound 4EBP1 in the cytoplasm of cSCC cells. 4EBP1 overexpression counteracted the effects of PVT1 knockdown on tumorigenesis in cSCC cells, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Our findings provide strong evidence that PVT1 is an oncogene which plays a role in tumorigenesis of cSCC, that PVT1 may interact with 4EBP1 in the cytoplasm as an underlying mechanism in cSCC carcinogenesis, and that PVT1 combined with 4EBP1 may serve as a potential new therapeutic target for cSCC.