bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring different stakeholder’s perspectives on ward rounds in paediatric oncology: A qualitative study
Authors: Berndt Lea P. , Sellin Julia , Mücke Urs , Mücke Martin , Conrad Rupert , Grigull Lorenz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
objectives

The ward round is a core routine for interprofessional communication and clinical care planning. It allows health care professionals and patients to meet regularly and encourages patients to take an active role. Despite its high value for patient-centred care, there exists no universal definition of ward round. Little is known about the different attitudes and expectations of participants towards a ‘good’ ward round (WR). This study aims to capture the experiences and expectations of different stakeholders to better understand their ward round needs

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients, parents, nurses and medical doctors of a paediatric oncology ward until theoretical saturation (13 interviews). A standardised qualitative analysis using the phenomenological framework defined by Colaizzi was used to identify important aspects in the interviews.

Results

Three major themes were identified in the interviews: (1) Structure and Organisation; (2) Communication; (3) Education. Further analysis revealed 23 categories and elucidated a number of opportunities and unmet needs stakeholders recognised within WR: The WR functions in comforting families in stressful situations, and relationship building. Interviewees expressed their concerns about missing structures. Families pleaded for smaller WR teams and more layperson language. Health care professionals underscored the lack of formal education on conducting ward rounds. Paediatric patients stated that WR scared them without proper explanation. All interviewees emphasized the need for professionalization of the WR.

Conclusion

This study gives important insights into practical WR functions and challenges in paediatric oncology. Although performed universally, WR are poorly explored or evaluated. This structured analysis synthesizes important expectations of different WR stakeholders, stressing the need for guidelines, training, and preparation.
Ethics committee approval No. 7700, 05.03.2018 (Hannover Medical School).
EvoBind: peptide binder design with inverse folding and protein structure prediction
Authors: Bryant Patrick , Elofsson Arne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Protein design requires structural scaffolds generated with human guidance and the performance across known binding domains is not known. Here, we design peptide binders by combining known structural information searched with Foldseek, the protein design method ESM-IF1 and the protein structure prediction method AlphaFold2 (AF) in a joint framework. Foldseek is used to automatically generate backbone seeds for a modified version of ESM-IF1 adapted to protein complexes. We find that the authors’ adaptation of ESM-IF1 results in a strong Methionine bias in position 1 resulting in faulty binders. This can be resolved by simply changing the chain order. The resulting sequences are evaluated with AF using an MSA representation for the receptor structure and a single sequence for the binder. We perform an extensive analysis across 2843 heterodimeric protein interfaces, 1172 homodimeric interfaces, peptide binders and designed protein binders. We show that AF can accurately evaluate protein binders and that our bind score can select these (ROC AUC=0.96 for the heterodimeric case). We find that designs created from seeds with a higher number of contacts per residue are more successful and these tend to be short. There is a relationship between the sequence recovery in interface positions and the plDDT of the designs, where designs with ≥80% recovery have an average plDDT of 84 compared to 55 at 0%. We show the specificity of the designs by analysing off-target effects and find that designed sequences have 60% higher median plDDT values towards intended receptors compared to non-intended receptors. Our framework, EvoBind, creates successful binders (interface RMSD≤2 Å) towards 185 (6.5%) heteromeric and 42 (3.6%) homomeric protein interfaces compared with 18 (1.5%) using ProteinMPNN from 100 samples. EvoBind is freely available at: https://colab.research.google.com/github/patrickbryant1/binder_design/blob/main/EvoBind.ipynb
Asymmetric gating of a human hetero-pentameric glycine receptor
Authors: Liu Xiaofen , Wang Weiwei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hetero-pentameric Cys-loop receptors constitute a major type of neurotransmitter receptors that enable signal transmission and processing in the nervous system. Despite intense investigations in their working mechanism and pharmaceutical potentials, how neurotransmitters activate these receptors remain unclear due to the lack of high-resolution structural information in the activated open state. Here we report near-atomic resolution structures in all principle functional states of the human α1β GlyR, which is a major Cys-loop receptor that mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system of adults. Glycine binding induced cooperative and symmetric structural rearrangements in the neurotransmitter-binding extracellular domain, but asymmetrical pore dilation in the transmembrane domain. Symmetric response in the extracellular domain is consistent with electrophysiological data showing similar contribution to activation from all the α1 and β subunits. A set of functionally essential but differentially charged amino-acid residues in the transmembrane domain of the α1 and β subunits explains asymmetric activation. These findings point to a gating mechanism that is distinct from homomeric receptors but more compatible with heteromeric GlyRs being clustered at synapses through β subunit–scaffolding protein interactions. Such mechanism provides foundation for understanding how gating of the Cys-loop receptor members diverge to accommodate specific physiological environment.
Impact of digital stress on negative emotions and physical complaints in the home office
Authors: Wrede Sammy J.S. , Claassen Kevin , Anjos Dominique Rodil dos , Kettschau Jan P. , Broding Horst C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic many employees perform under increasingly digital conditions. Enabling home office became mandatory for companies wherever possible in consideration of the ongoing pandemic. Simultaneously, studies report on digital stress. The current literature lacks investigations of digital stress on psychosomatic outcomes, emotions and disease. How has digital stress developed over the course of the pandemic? Does digital stress predict differences in negative emotions and physical complaints in the home office setting? To answer the research question we conducted an online survey among 441 employees in 2020 and 398 employees in 2022 from three municipal administrations in Germany, who were working from home at least occasionally. We used a cluster analysis to detect the cluster of digitally stressed employees. Regressions were performed on digital stress, negative emotions, and physical complaints. The analysis revealed an increase from 9 to 20 percent in digital stress, while negative emotions and physical complaints did not show evident differences. In the multivariate model we observe a change in the proportion of digitally stressed between 4 and 17 percent, while the control variables explain around 9 percent. Digital stress might be slightly predictive for negative emotions, but not for physical complaints. The study emphasizes rising digital stress, which contradicts an adaption to the digital working conditions within the observed period. The psychosomatic relations are low or lagged. Further research investigating on digital stress and countermeasures especially for working from home to prevent harmful long-term effects resulting from distress is needed.
LGAAFS-- A Lightweight Group Anonymous mutual Authentication and Forward Security scheme for wireless body area networks
Authors: Peng Shuangrong , Tang Xiaohu , Xiong Ling , Zhu Hui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) plays an important role in the modern telemedicine environment. In WBAN, intelligent and resource-limited sensors will collect patients' health data and communicate this information to doctors over the Internet to provide services. However, during the communication between WBAN entities, the privacy and security of data and user information should be protected to prevent various security threats. Aiming at these security defects, this paper proposes a privacy-preserving WBAN authentication scheme. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to introduce group anonymous techniques into WBAN. Moreover, we use BAN logic to verify the security properties of our scheme and discuss informal security analysis. Last but more importantly, compared with the schemes using dynamic anonymity technology, our scheme is comparable to the optimal scheme in terms of security and performance.
On-Line surface roughness classification for multiple CNC milling conditions based on transfer learning and neural network
Authors: Deng Congying , Ye Bo , Lu Sheng , He Mingge , Miao jianguo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Traditional on-line surface roughness prediction models are mainly established by surrogate models, which can achieve well prediction accuracies with a fixed tool-workpiece combination. However, a poor prediction accuracy comes to an established model when the tool or workpiece are changed. Then, multiple experiments are required to obtain sufficient new data to establish a new prediction model, increasing the time and economy costs. This paper proposes a data-driven method using transfer learning for on-line classifying the surface roughness under multiple milling conditions. First, a source tool is selected to perform the milling experiments to construct the source data. A stack sparse autoencoder (SSAE) is pre-trained to online classify the surface roughness, where the inputs are the machining parameters and the features derived from the force signals in time and frequency domains. Then, a new tool is selected to perform the milling experiments under fewer milling conditions to construct the target data. The pre-trained SSAE are fine-tuned by re-training the network using the limited target data. Finally, a surface roughness classifier of the target tool is established to adapt to the new milling conditions. Furthermore, a detailed experimental validation is carried out on three different tools of a vertical machining center, indicating a significant potential in establishing an accurate surface roughness classifier with limited milling experiments.
Distinct B cell profiles characterise healthy weight and obesity pre- and post-bariatric surgery
Authors: Šlisere Baiba , Arisova Marina , Aizbalte Olga , Salmiņa Marta , Zolovs Maksims , Levenšteins Mārtiņš , Mukāns Maksims , Troickis Igors , Meija Laila , Lejnieks Aivars , Bīlande Guna , Rosser Lizzy , Oleinika Kristine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives.
Obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation can be ameliorated by bariatric surgery. While obesity is also linked to impaired B cell activation, differentiation, and persistence in response to infection and vaccination little is known about post-operative immune B cell compartment and to what extent dysregulation in B cell pathways can be reversed. To bridge this gap in knowledge, we carried out in-depth evaluation of B cell composition in obese individuals prior to and following bariatric surgery compared to lean controls.
Subjects/Methods.
We recruited individuals with obesity (BMI at least 35 kg/m2) before bariatric surgery (n = 21) and followed them up 6 months post-operatively (n = 17). As controls we recruited age- and sex-matched lean (BMI < 25) individuals (n = 18). We carried out comprehensive immunophenotyping of peripheral blood B cells as well as interrogated their association with inflammatory and metabolic parameters.
Results.
In obesity the balance of antigen-inexperienced and memory B cells in the peripheral blood is altered, with an expansion of naïve and a reduction in total memory B cells. 6 months following bariatric surgery this balance is restored. However, post-operative patients are uniquely characterised by an increase in B cell subsets associated with chronic inflammation – CD11c+CXCR5−IgD−CD27− double negative 2 (DN2) B cells and CD27+CD38++ plasmablasts. Correlations between B cells subsets, inflammatory and metabolic parameters were distinct in lean and obese individuals pre- and post-bariatric surgery.
Conclusions.
Bariatric surgery patients display a unique B cell profile 6 months post-operatively; this bears minimal resemblance to that of pre-operative patients and only partially overlaps with that of lean controls. Post-operative differences in the B cell compartment compared to lean controls are detected despite global amelioration of inflammation and restoration of metabolic health. Collectively, this indicates that bariatric surgery creates a specific immunometabolic state with potential implications for health outcomes.
Knowledge and Attitude about Vegetarianism Saudi Population
Authors: Azhar Wedad , Aljabiri Sanaa , Bushnaq Taqwa , Azzeh Firas S. , Alyamani Reema A. , Alkholy Sarah O. , Alhassani Walaa E. , Abusudah Wafaa F. , Qadhi Alaa , Bukhari Hassan M. , Ghafouri Khloud 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been a great interest in the dietary practices of vegetarians in addition to an increasing awareness of the potential benefits of vegetarian diets. However, there is insufficient data on the spread of vegetarianism in Arab countries. The study aims to investigate knowledge and attitude about vegetarianism and associated factors in Saudi population and to understand reasons for its growing prevalence.
Method: Participants in this cross-sectional study were aged 18–65. Participants were recruited primarily through social media. The electronic questionnaire compromised three sections: socio-demographic questions, reasons for following a vegetarian diet, and beliefs and knowledge about vegetarianism. Multivariate binary logistic regression was utilized to determine predictive factors for being a vegetarian.
Results: Responses were 3,035 of which 80.2% were female and 19.8% were male. Vegetarians represented 37.5% (15.7% semi-vegetarians, 8.1% pesco-vegetarians, 64.3% lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 11.3% vegans) and the rest were non-vegetarians. The majority of the vegetarian participants (92.9%) have a low knowledge level. Health issues, followed by ethical, then environmental concerns were the most common motivators for adopting a vegetarian diet; these reasons were cited by 72.5%, 59.3%, and 47.9% of participants, respectively. Factors associated with increased vegetarianism were having exercises for half an hour to two hours, while factors associated with decreased vegetarianism were male gender, aged 51–64 years, being married, having a higher education, working in the health sector, being a housewife, and having an income between 5,000–10,000 SR/month.
Conclusion: Vegetarianism appears to be growing phenomenon among the Saudi population. Increased awareness of health issues and the desire to live a healthy lifestyle might be the strongest motive. This study offers an opportunity to better understand vegetarianism in Saudi Arabia along with the possibility of expanding vegetarian food choices to the general public.
Longitudinal social contact data analysis: insights from 2 years of data collection in Belgium during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Loedy Neilshan , Coletti Pietro , Wambua James , Hermans Lisa , Willem Lander , Jarvis Christopher I. , Wong Kerry L.M. , Edmunds W. John , Robert Alexis , Leclerc Quentin J. , Gimma Amy , Molenberghs Geert , Beutels Philippe , Faes Christel , Hens Niel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the CoMix study, a longitudinal behavioral survey, was designed to monitor social contacts and public awareness in multiple countries, including Belgium. As a longitudinal survey, it is vulnerable to participants’ “survey fatigue”, which may impact inferences. Methods: A negative binomial generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (NBI GAMLSS) was adopted to estimate the number of contacts reported between age groups and to deal with under-reporting due to fatigue within the study. The dropout process was analyzed with first-order auto-regressive logistic regression to identify factors that influence dropout. Using the so-called next generation principle, we calculated the effect of under-reporting due to fatigue on estimating the reproduction number.
Results: Fewer contacts were reported as people participated longer in the survey, which suggests under-reporting due to survey fatigue. Participant dropout is significantly affected by household size and age categories, but not significantly affected by the number of contacts reported in any of the two latest waves. This indicates covariate-dependent missing completely at random (MCAR) in the dropout pattern, when missing at random (MAR) is the alternative. However, we cannot rule out more complex mechanisms such as missing not at random (MNAR). Moreover, under-reporting due to fatigue is found to be consistent over time and implies a 15-30% reduction in both the number of contacts and the reproduction number (R0) ratio between correcting and not correcting for under-reporting. Lastly, we found that correcting for fatigue did not change the pattern of relative incidence between age groups also when considering age-specific heterogeneity in susceptibility and infectivity.
Conclusions: CoMix data highlights the variability of contact patterns across age groups and time, revealing the mechanisms governing the spread/transmission of COVID-19/airborne diseases in the population. Although such longitudinal contact surveys are prone to bias, participant fatigue, and drop-out, we showed that these factors can be identified and corrected using NBI GAMLSS. This information can be used to improve the design of similar, future surveys.
Randomized Double-Blind Personalized N-of-1 Clinical Trial to Test the Safety and Potential Efficacy of TJ-68 for Treating Muscle Cramps in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): study protocol for a TJ-68 trial.
Authors: Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Cheung Ken , Oskarsson Bjorn , Andrews Howard A. , Jang Grace E. , Andrews Jinsy A. , Shah Jaimin S. , Fernandes Joseph Americo , McElhiney Martin , Santella Regina M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction/Aims: Muscle cramps are a common and often disabling symptom in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disorder. To date, there are no medications specifically approved for the treatment of muscle cramps. Ameliorating muscle cramps in this patient population may sustain quality of life longer. A traditional Japanese medicine, shakuyakukanzoto (TJ-68) is widely prescribed in Japan for managing muscle cramps in a variety of conditions. The Japanese ALS Management Guideline mentions TJ-68 for difficult muscle cramps in ALS. Therefore, this clinical trial is designed to test the safety and efficacy of TJ-68 in participants with ALS reporting serious muscle cramps using a personalized N-of-1 approach. If successful, we can introduce TJ-68 for muscle cramps in ALS to Western medicine.
Methods: With FDA-IND approval, we are conducting a two-site, double-blind, randomized personalized N-of-1 early clinical trial with TJ-68. At least 22 participants with ALS and daily muscle cramps will receive drug or placebo for 2 weeks (one treatment period) followed by a 1-week washout in a four-period cross-over design. While the primary objective is to evaluate the safety of TJ-68, the study was sized to detect a one-point shift on the Columbia Muscle Cramp Scale (MCS) item #5 with 85% power under a four-period crossover design.The secondary assessment includes the full MCS score, a Cramp Diary, Clinical Global Impression of Changes, Goal Attainment Scale, quality of life scale and ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R).
Discussion: The study is underway. A personalized N-of-1 trial design is an efficient approach to testing medications that alleviate MCS in rare disorders. If TJ-68 proves safe and efficacious, we will work to introduce this product to Western medicine for treatment of patients with ALS and disabling muscle cramps.
Trial Registration: This clinical trial has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04998305).
Liraglutide 3.0 mg and Mental Health: Can Psychiatric Symptoms Predict Adherence to Therapy? Insights from a clinical audit
Authors: Tempia Valenta Silvia , Stecchi Michele , Perazza Federica , Nuccitelli Chiara , Villanova Nicola , Pironi Loris , Atti Anna Rita , Petroni Maria Letizia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction. The glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide 3.0 mg is an out-of-pocket medication approved for weight management in obesity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between psychiatric symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, binge eating) and adherence to therapy.
Methods. A clinical audit was carried out on 54 adults with obesity treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg. We retrospectively analyzed the relation between (1) psychiatric symptoms evaluated through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y1), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Binge Eating Scale (BES); and (2) adherence to therapy by assessing the maximum dosage (MD) and treatment duration (TD).
Results. In the whole cohort, the average weight loss was 4.43% (± SD = 5.5). We found a negative correlation between anxiety symptoms (STAI-Y1 score) and MD (r=-,276), between depression symptoms (BDI score) and TD (r=-,276), and between a high probability of binge eating (BES score > 17) and TD (r=-,275). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that STAI-Y1 score predicted MD [R2 = .076, p = .044], BDI score predicted TD [R2 = .076, p = .044], and significant binge eating predicted TD [R2 = .076, p = .044]. Despite the lower adherence, the presence of psychiatric symptoms did not lead to a reduction in drug effectiveness on weight loss.
Conclusion. Psychiatric symptoms can predict reduced adherence to liraglutide 3.0 mg therapy in real life. However, this does not appear to jeopardize its effect on weight loss. These findings suggest that persons with obesity and impaired mental health can also benefit from treatment.
Level of evidence. Level V, descriptive studies.