bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of low back pain: a survey of physical therapists’ adherence to clinical practice guidelines in the State of Kuwait
Authors: Alrowayeh Hesham N 
Published: May 2023

Background/AimsPhysical therapy clinical practice guidelines for the management of low back pain are accessible to most physical therapists in the State of Kuwait. However, guideline adherence remains undocumented. The aims of this study were to describe the low back pain treatment interventions and adherence to clinical practice guidelines by physical therapists in the State of Kuwait.MethodsA total of 200 questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of physical therapists working in governmental hospitals who treat a variety of neuro-musculoskeletal conditions. The questionnaire contained questions on patients and the treatments applied. Physical therapists with less than 1 year of clinical experience were excluded. Descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of variance) were used.ResultsOverall, 132 physical therapists completed the questionnaire (response rate of 66.0%). One-third of physical therapists’ caseloads included 40-50% of patients with low back pain. Physical therapy treatments most commonly included non-evidence-based treatment, such as superficial heat, interferential therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Evidence-based treatment, such as exercises and passive stretching techniques, were less frequently used. There was no significant difference between the physical therapists’ years of experience, education or place of work and their treatment of choice.ConclusionsSome physical therapists in the State of Kuwait deviate from clinical practice guidelines and use non-evidence-based treatment instead of evidence-based treatment in the management of low back pain. Therefore, intensive training and revision to current treatment protocols are required.
Assessing occupational competency in children with leukaemia compared to typically developing peers using the Child Occupational Self-Assessment tool: a pilot study
Authors: Sattari Mahsa , Kahjoogh Mina Ahmadi , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Mazloomzadeh Saeideh , Jalili Nasrin , Koochakzadeh Leili 
Published: May 2023

Background/Aims Children with leukaemia are less able to perform activities of daily living and participate in leisure activities compared to typically developing children, which can affect their occupational competency. The aim of this study was to compare occupational competency and values between typically developing children and children with leukaemia. Methods In this pilot cross-sectional study, 102 children (52 typically developing children and 50 children with leukaemia) aged 7 to 13 years were assessed using the Child Occupational Self-Assessment tool, which includes occupational competency and occupational value scales for each item. Results The independent t -test analysis demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the two groups on the competency scale (P=0.02). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the value scale (P=0.07). Conclusions Children with leukaemia feel less competent in carrying out everyday activities than typically developing children. Occupational competency interventions should be prioritised in occupational therapy services.
Simple and precise calibration of the line-structured light vision system using a planar target
Authors: Zhang Zimiao , Zhang Hao , Wu Yanan , Zhang Fumin 
Published: May 2023

When calibrating a line-structured light vision system using a planar target, noise easily affects the solution of the coordinates of light stripe points at the camera coordinate frame. Therefore, the planar target must be placed in the measurement space many times to capture more target images for improving calibration stability and achieving relatively high calibration accuracy. This complicates the calibration process. This paper proposes a calibration method considering the measurement baselines of a planar target. The planar target is placed only two times, and two target images are captured correspondingly. A three-point subset is made up of the two calibration points that form the measurement baseline with the longest 2D projection and any other calibration point. In this way, it is less affected by noise when using the three-point subsets to establish the equations. Then, we use the lengths of the measurement baselines provided by all three-point subsets and their 2D projections to solve the coordinates of light stripe points at the camera coordinate frame more accurately to calibrate the line-structured light vision system. Both the simulation and actual experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of our method. Based on our calibration method, the RMS error is 0.035 mm for length measurement and 0.054 mm for height measurement. Compared with other existing methods, our method needs only two target images. It can also achieve more accurate calibration results than the other methods. In addition, our calibration method increases the applicability of the line-structured light measurement method by reducing the number of target swings.
High-performance, adiabatically nanotapered fiber-chip couplers in silicon at 2 microns wavelength
Authors: Sulway Dominic A. , Yonezu Yuya , Rosenfeld Lawrence M. , Jiang Pisu , Aoki Takao , Silverstone Joshua W. 
Published: May 2023

Fiber optic technology connects the world through the Internet, enables remote sensing, and connects disparate functional optical devices. Highly confined silicon photonics promises extreme scale and functional integration. However, the optical modes of silicon nanowire waveguides and optical fibers are very different, making efficient fiber-chip coupling a challenge. Vertical grating couplers, the dominant coupling method today, have limited optical bandwidth and are naturally out-of-plane. Here we demonstrate a new method that is low-loss, broadband, manufacturable, and naturally planar. We adiabatically couple a tapering silicon nanowire waveguide to a conic nanotapered optical fiber, measuring transmission between 2.0 µm and 2.2 µm wavelength. The silicon chip is fabricated at a commercial foundry and then post-processed to release the tapering nanowires. We estimate an optimal per-coupler transmission of −0.48 dB (maximum; 95% confidence interval [+0.46, –1.68] dB) and a 1-dB bandwidth of at least 295 nm. With automated measurements, we quantify the device tolerance to lateral misalignment, measuring a flat response within ±0.968 µm. This new design can enable low-loss modular systems of integrated photonics irrespective of material and waveband.
Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among construction workers in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Bikram , Poudel Lisasha , Bhandari Niroj , Adhikari Nabin , Shrestha Bhawana , Poudel Bikram , Bishwokarma Anupama , Kuikel Bihari Saran , Timalsena Dinesh , Paneru Bandana , Gurung Minani , Koju Pramesh , Karkee Rajendra , Ghimire Anup 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
The construction industry in Nepal, which employs a significant proportion of the population, ranks as one of the largest industries in the country. Construction work is physically demanding and can be risky due to the use of heavy machinery and the presence of intense physical labor. However, the physical and mental health of construction workers in Nepal is often neglected. This study aimed to assess psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms) and its association with socio-demographic, lifestyle, and occupational factors among construction workers in Kavre district, Nepal.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study from 1st October 2019 to 15th January 2020 among 402 construction workers in Banepa, and Panauti municipalities of Kavre district, Nepal. We collected data with face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire consisting of a) socio-demographic characteristics; b) lifestyle and occupational characteristics; and c) depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. We collected data using electronic forms in KoboToolbox and imported them into R version 3.6.2 for statistical analysis. We present parametric numerical variables as mean and standard deviation, and categorical variables as percentage and frequency. The confidence interval around proportion was estimated with the Clopper-Pearson method. We applied univariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with depression symptoms, anxiety, and stress. The result of logistic regression was presented as crude odds ratio, adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and their 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were 17.1% (95%CI: 13.6–21.2), 19.2% (95%CI: 15.5–23.4) and 16.4% (95%CI: 12.9–20.4), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, depression symptom was positively associated with poor sleep quality (AOR = 3.51; 95%CI: 1.5–8.19; p-value: 0.004); stress symptom was positively associated with Brahmin ethnicity (AOR = 3.76; 95%CI:1.34–10.58; p-value: 0.012) and current smoking (AOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.11–3.82 p-value: 0.022). But anxiety symptoms were not associated with any of the variables.

Conclusions
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were high among construction workers. Developing evidence-based and appropriate community-based mental health prevention programs among laborers and construction workers is recommended.
Double burden of malnutrition in Afghanistan: Secondary analysis of a national survey
Authors: Fahim Obaidullah , Shahim Shafiqullah , Shams Ahmad Nawid , Muhammadi Ahmad Farshid , Djazayery Abolghassem , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

Background
Reports about the magnitude of co-existence of under- and over-nutrition is limited in Afghanistan. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of double burden of malnutrition (DBM) at individual and household level in Afghanistan.

Methods
This study was done based on the Afghanistan National Nutrition Survey 2013, which included a representative sample of 126,890 individuals (including more than 18,000 households) throughout Afghanistan. Intra-individual DBM was defined as the co-existence of “overweight/obese” and “stunting or micronutrient deficiencies” (including anemia, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency and iodine deficiency). At the household level, DBM was considered as having at least one household member as overweight/obese and at least one another member of that household as undernourished (stunted, wasted, underweight or any micronutrient deficiency). SPSS and Stata software were used in the current analysis. Cross-tabulations was used to estimate the prevalence and its 95% confidence interval(CI). This study was ethically approved at Tehran University of Medical sciences.

Results
The overall prevalence of intra-individual DBM was 12.5% (95% CI: 12.1; 12.9). Among the whole study participants at individual level of DBM, 11.7% (11.3; 12.1) of individuals had overweight along with stunting simultaneously and 20.5% (18.8; 22.4) had overweight and micronutrient deficiencies at the same time at individual level. The household level of DBM was found among 28.6% (95% CI: 27.9; 29.4) of households; such that 27.3% (26.6; 28.1) of households had at least one member with overweight and another member with stunting or wasting or underweight. Co-existence of overweight and micronutrient deficiencies at the same household was seen in 38.3% (35.5; 41.2).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of DBM at individual and household level in Afghanistan. Therefore, developing appropriate national macro-policies and strategies and designing appropriate programs such as public awareness programs, subsidization, food assistance programs, food fortification and dietary supplementation should be implemented by the ministry of public health, inter- related organs and international health agencies to reduce the burden of this problem in this country.
Quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings and clinical risk factors predict cardiovascular outcomes in breast cancer patients
Authors: Kwan Jennifer M. , Arbune Amit , Henry Mariana L. , Hu Rose , Wei Wei , Nguyen Vinh , Lee Seohyuk , Lopez-Mattei Juan , Guha Avirup , Huber Steffen , Bader Anna S. , Meadows Judith , Sinusas Albert , Mojibian Hamid , Peters Dana , Lustberg Maryam , Hull Sarah , Baldassarre Lauren A. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) global longitudinal strain and circumferential strain abnormalities have been associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reduction and cardiotoxicity from oncologic therapy. However, few studies have evaluated the associations of strain and cardiovascular outcomes.

Objectives
To assess CMR circumferential and global longitudinal strain (GLS) correlations with cardiovascular outcomes including myocardial infarction, systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias and valvular disease in breast cancer patients treated with and without anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab therapy.

Methods
Breast cancer patients with a CMR from 2013–2017 at Yale New Haven Hospital were included. Patient co-morbidities, medications, and cardiovascular outcomes were obtained from chart review. Biostatistical analyses, including Pearson correlations, competing risk regression model, and competing risk survival curves comparing the two groups were analyzed.

Results
116 breast cancer with CMRs were included in our analysis to assess differences between Anthracycline/Trastuzumab (AT) (62) treated versus non anthracycline/trastuzumab (NAT) (54) treated patients in terms of imaging characteristics and outcomes. More AT patients 17 (27.4%) developed systolic heart failure compared to the NAT group 6 (10.9%), p = 0.025. Statin use was associated with a significant reduction in future arrhythmias (HR 0.416; 95% CI 0.229–0.755, p = 0.004). In a sub-group of 13 patients that underwent stress CMR, we did not find evidence of microvascular dysfunction by sub-endocardial/sub-epicardial myocardial perfusion index ratio after adjusting for ischemic heart disease.

Conclusions
In our study, CMR detected signs of subclinical cardiotoxicity such as strain abnormalities despite normal LV function and abnormal circumferential strain was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as valvular disease and systolic heart failure. Thus, CMR is an important tool during and after cancer treatment to identity and prognosticate cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity.
Physical distancing and emergency medical services utilization after self-harm in Korea during the early COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide quantitative study
Authors: Lee Ye Ji , Yuh Min A. , Kim In Soo , Cho Byul Nym Hee , Woo Seon Hee , Hong Sungyoup 
Published: May 2023

Background
People experienced various stress and psychological responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to examine the changes in emergency medical services (EMSs) utilization by self-harm patients in early pandemic and the impacts of physical distancing measures on the EMSs utilization by self-harm patients.

Methods
Data for all patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) after self-harm injuries including self-poisoning were collected from the National ED Information System (NEDIS). Characteristics of patients in two study regions (urban versus rural) were compared. Weekly and annual ED visit rates after self-harm (VRSH) per 100,000 population were calculated. Mobile phone mobility index (MPMI) was calculated by dividing a region’s aggregated mobile phone mobility by mid-year population. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to assess changes in 2020 over pre-pandemic years. Test for presence of joinpoint at the end of 2019 was performed. A cross-correlation function was used to estimate the maximal morphological similarity and lag time between changes in MPMI and VRSH.

Results
In 2020, in early phases of the pandemic, there was a moderate decline in self-harm-related ED visits to 30,797 from a continuously increasing trend seen in previous years. However, proportions of young people (50.1%) and females (62.3%) increased over previous years. VRSHs among women and young people aged 15–34 years showed higher levels in 2020 than in previous five years. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients transported directly from the scene. In addition, there was a polarization of mental state upon ED arrival from alert and unresponsive. The median correlation coefficient between MPMI values and VRSH values was 0.601 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.539–0.619) in urban regions and 0.531 (IQR: 0.454–0.595) in rural regions, showing no statistically significant difference between the two.

Conclusion
Physical distancing measures adopted to prevent the spread of transmittable diseases following the pandemic had the effect of decreasing ED visits due to self-harm. When the pandemic has ended, and daily life has been restored, it will be particularly important to pay attention to the increased numbers of self-harm patients expected to visit EDs compared to during the pandemic.
Fright and the Fraying of Community
Authors: Hauter Ashwak 
Published: May 2023

This article addresses the psycho-spiritual intersection of geopolitics and medicine in the borderlands between Yemen and Saudi Arabia, at the margins of war. Set in a Saudi Arabian Hospital in Jeddah, it examines patients’ demand for and physicians’ attempt to secure ‘afiya (psychic, physical, and spiritual well-being) amid regional upheaval and the limits of Islamicized biomedical care. I reflect on the case of a Yemeni migrant/refugee hospitalized in Saudi Arabia for a persistent jaundice, Omar, who speaks of his looming fear that his self/soul would “break” if his request for biomedical care were to be rejected, and who longs to be in the care of a Yemeni indigenous healer. Strangely, then, his fright at the break of the soul/self exceeds the fear he felt crossing a desert military border on foot. Drawing on theories of the soul/self and the psyche, I explore how soul-fracture becomes a figure of postcolonial and wartime affliction, congealing in its evocation the end of neighborly hospitality, the fraying of community, and the breaking of a shared lineage: the abject Yemeni, exiled from their own region and the broader Muslim community.
Determining the Drivers of Housing Market Seasonality
Authors: Livy Mitchell R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Seasonality has been widely observed across the U.S. housing market. However, the extent that housing attributes drive these temporal fluctuations has not been extensively studied. In this research, I examine this relationship by estimating monthly varying measures of housing attributes. The estimates show that both time-varying differences in these variables and their capitalizations explain a substantial amount of the overall observed market seasonality. These results have implications for future housing market studies by showing that the aggregate seasonality is driven by specific sections of the spatial-temporal housing market instead of an overall trend impacting all homes equally.
Tensor-Product Space-Time Goal-Oriented Error Control and Adaptivity With Partition-of-Unity Dual-Weighted Residuals for Nonstationary Flow Problems
Authors: Roth Julian , Thiele Jan Philipp , Köcher Uwe , Wick Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, the dual-weighted residual method is applied to a space-time formulation of nonstationary Stokes and Navier–Stokes flow.
Tensor-product space-time finite elements are being used to discretize the variational formulation with discontinuous Galerkin finite elements in time and inf-sup stable Taylor–Hood finite element pairs in space.
To estimate the error in a quantity of interest and drive adaptive refinement in time and space, we demonstrate how the dual-weighted residual method for incompressible flow can be extended to a partition-of-unity based error localization.
We substantiate our methodology on 2D benchmark problems from computational fluid mechanics.
Memorialization in Thucydides’ Plague Episode
Authors: Colclough Jenna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThucydides’ detailed description of the Athenian plague, which is estimated to have killed from a quarter to a third of Athens’ population has been approached from a variety of scholarly perspectives, yet its memorializing function is still under-explored. This article contends that Thucydides’ plague episode serves an inherent commemorative function and memorializes the plague through narrative emphasis, pathos, ἐνάργεια, and his focus on abortive burial rites.
The crystal structure of 5-nitronaphthoquinone, C10H5NO4
Authors: Barrientos Claudio , Galdámez Antonio , Moris Silvana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
C10H5NO4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.2564(8) Å, b = 11.0464(9) Å, c = 14.8016(12) Å, α =

110.132

(
2
)

∘

$110.132{(2)}^{\circ }$

, β =

106.157

(
3
)

∘

$106.157{(3)}^{\circ }$

, γ =

94.770

(
3
)

∘

$94.770{(3)}^{\circ }$

, V = 1337.7(2) Å3, Z = 6,

R

g
t

${R}_{\mathit{g}\mathit{t}}$

(F) = 0.0567,

w

R

r
e
f

$w{R}_{\mathit{r}\mathit{e}\mathit{f}}$

(F
2) = 0.1797, T = 296.15 K
Brothers in enabling crime
Authors: Hofmann Dominik 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat sich, vor allem im globalen Süden, ein Diskurs über „Straflosigkeit“ entwickelt, der zahlreiche Ähnlichkeiten und Assoziationen mit dem über „Korruption“ aufweist. Der Artikel hellt theoretisch die – oft unterstellte, aber kaum je analytisch beleuchtete – Beziehung zwischen beiden auf. Dazu werden zunächst vier verbreitete Annahmen über die Art der besagten Beziehung und anschließend vier Gemeinsamkeiten identifiziert, die diese Annahmen einen. Um für die Gemeinsamkeiten eine soziologische Erklärung zu geben, wird eine Reihe von systemtheoretischen Theoremen zur Anwendung gebracht, wobei die Argumentation in drei Schritten verfährt: Korruption und Straffreiheit werden als Verstöße gegen zwei verschiedene Formen von Entscheidungsprogrammen dargestellt; diese beiden Arten von Programmen werden mit den Funktionssystemen Politik und Recht verknüpft und schließlich wird die Unterscheidung zwischen beiden Phänomenen als semantische Differenzierung ausgelegt, die der strukturellen Differenzierung der genannten Funktionssysteme auf der Ebene der Weltgesellschaft nachfolgt.