bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Each state in a one-dimensional disordered system has two localization lengths when the Hilbert space is constrained
Authors: Xiong Ye 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In disordered systems, the amplitudes of the localized states will decrease exponentially away from their centers and the localization lengths characterize such decrease. In this paper, we find a model in which each eigenstate is decreasing at two distinct rates. The model is a one-dimensional disordered system with a constrained Hilbert space: all eigenstates

should be orthogonal to a state

, where

is a given exponentially localized state. Although the dimension of the Hilbert space is only reduced by 1, the amplitude of each state will decrease at one rate near its center and at another rate in the rest of the region. Depending on

, it is also possible that all states are changed from localized states to extended states. In such a case, the level spacing distribution is different from that of the three well-known ensembles of the random matrices. This indicates that a new ensemble of random matrices exists in this model. Finally we discuss the physics behind such phenomena and propose an experiment to observe them.
Successful Management of Cushing Syndrome From Ectopic ACTH Secretion in an Adolescent With Osilodrostat
Authors: Blew Kathryn , Van Mater David , Page Laura 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A previously healthy 11-year-old male was found to have a mass in the pancreatic head after several months of abdominal pain and jaundice. Pathology was consistent with a World Health Organization grade 2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. He developed refractory hypertension and was found to have Cushing syndrome from ectopic ACTH secretion, with oligometastatic liver disease. He underwent surgical resection of the pancreatic tumor and metastases. Postoperatively, his Cushing syndrome resolved, but it reemerged 1 year later in the setting of disease recurrence. He was not a candidate for bilateral adrenalectomy. Ketoconazole therapy was inadequate and he was started on metyrapone, lanreotide, cabergoline, and spironolactone. Although this regimen was well-tolerated, his Cushing syndrome recurred 4 months later as his metastatic disease burden increased. Osilodrostat was begun and the dose was gradually increased in response to his uncontrolled Cushing syndrome. Osilodrostat resulted in rapid improvement and eventual normalization of his urinary free cortisol at a dose of 18 mg twice daily. He had no adverse effects. This rare case highlights the successful off-label use of osilodrostat, a medication intended for refractory Cushing disease in adult patients, in a pediatric patient with Cushing syndrome caused by ectopic ACTH secretion.
Sleep Disorders in Patients with Neurologic Disease
Authors: Lee-Iannotti Joyce K. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article provides an overview of the growing body of evidence showing bidirectional relationships between sleep and various neurologic disorders.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Mounting evidence demonstrates that disrupted sleep can negatively impact various neurologic disease processes, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, neuromuscular disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and headache syndromes. Abnormal sleep can also be a precursor to Alzheimer disease and neurodegenerative disease states such as Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Interventions to improve sleep and treat obstructive sleep apnea may play a vital role in preventing neurologic disease development and progression.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Sleep disorders are common among patients with neurologic disorders. To provide comprehensive care to patients with neurologic conditions, neurologists must ask patients about sleep issues that may warrant further diagnostic testing, treatment, and sleep medicine referral when indicated.
A Rab39-Klp98A-Rab35 endocytic recycling pathway is essential for rapid Golgi-dependent furrow ingression
Authors: Miao Hui , Millage Megan , Rollins Katherine R. , Blankenship J. Todd 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Ingression of the plasma membrane is an essential part of the cell topology-distorting repertoire and a key element in animal cell cytokinesis. Many embryos have rapid cleavage stages in which they are furrowing powerhouses, quickly forming and disassembling cleavage furrows on timescales of just minutes. Previous work has shown that cytoskeletal proteins and membrane trafficking coordinate to drive furrow ingression, but where these membrane stores are derived from and how they are directed to furrowing processes has been less clear. Here, we identify an extensive Rab35/Rab4&gt;Rab39/Klp98A&gt;trans-Golgi network (TGN) endocytic recycling pathway necessary for fast furrow ingression in the Drosophila embryo. Rab39 is present in vesiculotubular compartments at the TGN where it receives endocytically derived cargo through a Rab35/Rab4-dependent pathway. A Kinesin-3 family member, Klp98A, drives the movements and tubulation activities of Rab39, and disruption of this Rab39-Klp98A-Rab35 pathway causes deep furrow ingression defects and genomic instability. These data suggest that an endocytic recycling pathway rapidly remobilizes membrane cargo from the cell surface and directs it to the trans-Golgi network to permit the initiation of new cycles of cleavage furrow formation.
Comparative evaluation of transtheoretical model, multi theory model and hybrid theory model on the efficacy in smoking cessation among smokers: protocol for a cluster randomized interventional study.
Authors: paul madhu priyanka , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed , wankhede Anand 
Published: August 2023

Background: Consumption of tobacco all over the world is considered to create morbidity and mortality that could be potentially preventable. Tobacco is said to be the major cause for non-communicable disease all over the world. Mortality because of NCDs responsible for about 63%. Total 80% of the deaths related to tobacco occur in the Low- and Middle-Income Countries throughout the world. Aim: This protocol will aid in conduct of research to assess and compare the efficacy of Multi theory Model and Modified Multi theory model as against Transtheoretical model Methods: The research will be carried out in a primary health care facility. The study design is three arm parallel cluster randomized interventional trial and cluster sampling method has been selected. The sample size has been calculated to 240 i.e 80 in each group. The Study will be conducted in primary health centre of the university for conducting community-based projects. The personnel at the main health centre will create the allotment sequence, register candidates, and allocate people to interventions Participant Identification Form, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, Smoking Abstinence Scale, and urine cotinine level will be used to collect data. In- person interviews will be conducted by the researcher for assessing the data. Following the completion of the trainings, post-test data was obtained by handling all data collecting instruments, including the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Smoking Abstinence Scale, and urine cotinine level. Participant Identification Form: the form, which was prepared by the researcher in line with the related literature, included 16 questions. Expected Outcome: On overcoming the limitations of transtheoretical model by conducting theory comparison and multiple-behavior research can prove to be a better approach for smoking cessation to the community.
The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study
Authors: Koritala Bala S. C. , Dakup Panshak P. , Porter Kenneth I. , Gaddameedhi Shobhan 
Published: August 2023

Background: The natural day-night cycle synchronizes our circadian rhythms, but modern work practices like night shifts disrupt this pattern, leading to increased exposure to nighttime light. This exposure is linked to various health issues. While some studies have explored the effects of night shifts on human circadian rhythms, there is limited research on the consequences of long-term exposure to shift-work light conditions. Rodents can provide valuable insights into these effects. This study aimed to examine how short- or long-term exposure to rotating shifts and chronic jetlag affects the core circadian oscillators in the liver and skin of mammals. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to simulated shift-work light conditions, including short-term or long-term rotating shifts and chronic jet-lag conditions. Liver and skin samples were collected every four hours over a 24-hour period on the second day of constant darkness. RNA was extracted and qRT-PCR analysis was conducted to measure the circadian gene expression in liver and skin tissues. Circadian rhythm analysis using CircaCompare compared the control group to mice exposed to shift-work light conditions. Results: The liver's circadian clock is significantly altered in mice under long-term rotating shift conditions, with a lesser but still noticeable impact in mice experiencing chronic jetlag. However, short-term rotating shift conditions do not significantly affect the liver's circadian clock. Conversely, all three simulated shift conditions affect the skin's circadian clock, indicating that the skin clock is more sensitive to shift-work light conditions than the liver clock. Compared to the liver, the skin's circadian clock is greatly affected by long-term rotating shift conditions. Conclusions: The study findings indicate more pronounced disturbances in the canonical clock genes of the skin compared to the liver under simulated shift-work light conditions. These results suggest that the skin clock is more vulnerable to the effects of shift-work.
Composition and hepatoprotective effect of geopropolis of Melipona subnitida
Authors: Rodrigues de Paiva Kaliane Alessandra , Salatino Antonio , Negri Giuseppina , Palacios Jara Carmen Eusebia , Araújo Júnior Hélio Noberto de , Costa Kizzy Millenn de Freitas Mendonça , Almeida Viana Geysa , Silva Félix Natanael , Aquino Carvalho Mariana , Ferreira Pessoa Hilgarde , da Silva Teófilo Tiago , Batista Jael Soares 
Published: August 2023

Background: Geopropolis produced by bees of the subfamily Meliponinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) is used in Brazilian popular medicine for the treatment of different diseases. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of the hydroethanolic extract from geopropolis (HPE) produced by Melipona subnitida Ducke. Additionally, the chemical composition of HPE and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. Methods: The hepatoprotective potential of HPE was evaluated by serum biochemical profile and macroscopic and histological examination of the liver of 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), distributed in four experimental groups: G1 (negative control), G2 (HPE), G3 (HPE plus acetaminophen), G4 (acetaminophen - positive control). The HPLC-DADESI-MS/MS method was used to evaluate the chemical composition of HPE and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to measure the antioxidant activity of geopropolis. Results: While HPE alone (G2) caused no liver injury, the livers of G4 exhibited color and histological alterations, extensive hemorrhagic suffusions, friable consistence, yellowish-white multifocal areas, degeneration and diffuse hepatocyte necrosis, in addition to altered levels of urea and enzymes TGO (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) and TGP (glutamic pyruvic transaminase). HPE was shown to exert hepatoprotective effect in G3 animals, only mild hemorrhage and focal areas of vacuolar degeneration and hepatocyte necrosis having been observed. The geopropolis analyzed contains a high diversity of phenolic compounds, including chalcones, flavones and flavonols. high antioxidant activity was determined (IC50=48 μg/mL). Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extract of the geopropolis produced by M. subnitida has a high diversity of phenolic compounds and a high antioxidant activity. It has hepatoprotective action, as evidenced by a reduction in the levels of enzymaraes and the severity of the macroscopic and histological changes in livers of Wistar rats subjected to acetaminophen induced liver changes.
Simple models for neuroscience research discoveries: how often are these models used in Africa?
Authors: Hamidu Suleiman Kwairanga , Umar Ahmad , Abdulazeez Rashidat , Muhammad Zaid , Alkhamis Abdulrahman Idris , Umar Mohammed , Ladan Ahmad Aliyu , Nasr Fayza Eid , Ahmad Aisha , Musa Sunday Abraham , Ya'u Jamilu , Hamman Wilson Oliver , Isah Murtala Bindawa , Bello Sanusi Muhammad , Yoshimatsu Takeshi , Issa Sabi Raouf , Bukar Maina Mahmoud 
Published: August 2023

Background: Simple animal model systems such as Drosophila, Caenorhabditis Elegans and Zebrafish have enabled numerous breakthroughs in understanding human health and disease. Owing to their cheap maintenance cost, adopting these model systems will improve research in Africa. However, the extent to which these models are used across Africa is unknown. This study aimed to identify how often these models are used in Africa. Methods: We downloaded all the PUBMED-indexed publications from the year 2000 to 2021 that have an African affiliation and have mentioned Drosophila, C. elegans or Zebrafish. We manually curated the information on the experimental use of these model systems, author affiliations and details of funding from research publications. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the major hotspots for the use of the model systems and funders, and the pattern of local and international collaborations. Results: Of the 1851 publications in which at least one of the models was mentioned, only 168 used at least one for the actual investigation. With an average of 21 articles per country, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia contributed 75% of these studies. The remaining 25% were contributed by seven other countries. Analysis of funding information revealed that 24.4% of the studies were exclusively locally funded, 28.57% exclusively internationally funded, 15.5% received both local and international funding, and the rest (31.5%) were unfunded, revealing that there is satisfactory access to funds for simple animal model studies, especially from external funders. By analysing the pattern of collaborations, we show that collaborations with researchers from other continents predominate over intra-Africa collbaorations. Conclusions: Our work provides data on the current state of research using simple model systems in African laboratories and argues that incorporating these models will advance biomedical science research in Africa.
Health technology assessment implementation in WHO South-East Asia Region: a realist review protocol
Authors: Raj Elstin Anbu , Hebbar Pragati , N Srinivas Prashanth , V Rao Neethi , Gudi Nachiket , Brand Angela , Patil Divya Sussana 
Published: August 2023

Background: A robust Health Technology Assessment (HTA) mechanism is crucial to address the rising burden of healthcare costs and expenditures of patients. This research aims to describe the HTA methods and mechanisms for successful implementation of HTA in the WHO South-East Asia region, and contextualize the synthesized evidence relevant to Indian settings. Methods: Realist review involves developing a program theory by conducting a systematic search strategy, screening, study selection, data extraction, and data synthesis. A systematic search for literature will be conducted on PubMed (NCBI), EMBASE (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), and ProQuest Central for identifying the methods used for HTA of health technology interventions. Stakeholder consultations will be conducted to develop a program theory following the Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations (CMOcs) framework. Searches for primary evidence will be conducted iteratively. Data will be extracted and tested against the programme theory. The proposed realist review will be reported as per the Realist and MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards [RAMESES II] guidelines. Conclusions: To our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive review conducted to understand the mechanisms of HTA methods in the WHO South-East Asia region. The findings from the realist review will help us understand the mechanisms through which the HTA could work in WHO South-East Asian countries. We will then contextualize the findings obtained from evidence to Indian settings, based on program theory development through stakeholder consultation. A framework will be developed that can be used by policymakers/HTA experts in India for effective implementation of the same.
“I abandoned my job to look after my baby.” Understanding the unpriced cost of care of a preterm infant: Caregivers’ lived experiences
Authors: Namiiro Flaviah B. , Ssemata Andrew S. , Abdallah Yaser , Namusoke Fatuma 
Published: August 2023

Background
Preterm birth is associated with life-long cost implications on the infant, family, health system, and society at large. The costs related to lost productivity at contributions at work during care of preterm infants are difficult to measure. We aimed to explore and document the unpriced costs parents incur following birth of a preterm infant in the first year of life in a low resource setting.

Methods
Thirty-nine mothers and five fathers of preterm infants who had ever attended the preterm follow-up clinic after discharge from Mulago National Referral Hospital, were included in a qualitative study between November 2019 and February 2020. Participants were purposively selected, and data were collected using four focused group discussions with mothers and in-depth interviews with the fathers lasting 30–70 minutes each. These were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated. The data were manually analysed using the thematic approach.

Findings
Three themes were generated: i) complex nature of the infant, ii) time to care for the infant, iii) mother as the predominant caregiver. The parents perceived preterm infants as delicate, complicated and their care more costly compared to those born at term. Expressions of need for time to care for their infants, frequent hospital visits and readmission were raised. Availability of the mother as the predominant caregiver some of whose roles cannot be delegated and their experiences following return to work after birth of a preterm were cited by the participants.

Conclusion
The results highlight the unpriced costs incurred by the parents through disruption of the work pattern due to the actual and perceived needs of a preterm infant and time to care in a low resource setting. We recommend guidance on financial planning, development of policies and programs on social and financial support for parents and future studies on indirect costs of preterm care.
Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty in Those With a Body Mass Index of 27–30
Authors: Alqahtani Aayed R. , Alqahtani Omar , Abdurabu Hanan , Amro Nizar , Al Qahtani Awadh , Bokhari Azhar , Elahmedi Mohamed , Aldarwish Abdullah 
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is safe and effective in patients with a body mass index (BMI) more than 30, with few cases reported in patients with overweight (BMI 27–30). However, evidence is lacking in the overweight group because the procedure is not currently performed routinely for such patients. In this study, we aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ESG in patients with a BMI between 27 and 30 who failed other weight loss modalities and/or had weight-related comorbidities.

METHODS:
This was a subgroup analysis of data pertaining to adults with a BMI between 27 and 30 who underwent ESG as a primary weight loss intervention. Data were abstracted from our longitudinal, prospective single-center registry. We analyzed weight loss, comorbidity resolution, adverse events, revisions, and quality of life using the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System.

RESULTS:
Of 3,797 ESG procedures, 656 patients (17%) had a BMI of 27–30. The mean age was 33 ± 9 years and women comprised 94% (n = 616) of the sample. The mean % total weight loss at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after ESG was 11.0 ± 7.2, 15.5 ± 6.3, 15.1 ± 8.3%, and 13.3 ± 9.9%, respectively. Eight of 22 patients with diabetes (36%) and 9 of 51 patients (18%) with hypertension experienced complete remission. Two patients were hospitalized with bleeding. Twenty-three patients (3.5%) underwent revision to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or repeat ESG. Six more patients underwent suture removal. A total of 214 of 261 patients (82%) rated quality of life after ESG as good or better.

DISCUSSION:
ESG seems to be well tolerated, safe, and effective in patients with a BMI of 27–30.
Las transformaciones del cuerpo a lo largo de la historia y su influencia en el campo de la educación física
Authors: Adorni Mariano 
Published: August 2023

Actualmente los profesores en Educación Física decimos adherir al constructivismo y a una concepción crítica y comprometida desde las teorías pedagógicas que enmarcan los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Solemos autodenominarnos como formadores de personas con sentido crítico y reflexivo, quienes hacen un uso consciente de su cuerpo. Profesores que dan un lugar central al alumno dejando de lado el protagonismo propio.
Pero al analizar nuestras prácticas surgen algunos interrogantes: ¿Es hoy día la Educación Física, la disciplina que decimos que es y que defendemos o los profesores en Educación Física seguimos siendo repetidores de “recetas” que los alumnos deben cumplir durante un tiempo determinado, con una repetición preestablecida y con un objetivo que muchas veces queda perdido? ¿Formamos personas con conocimiento y conciencia acerca de su propio cuerpo, o por el contrario formamos sujetos acríticos, enajenados, y al servicio de la sociedad capitalista donde se los cosifica, se los toma como instrumentos y solo son formados para responder al mercado del trabajo, al cumplimiento de horarios, a adoptar una conducta calma, respetar los tiempos y los lugares en pos de la producción?
Será entonces el objetivo de este articulo echar luz sobre esta problemática que atraviesa nuestro quehacer diario.