bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking Outcomes for Molecularly Characterized Synchronous Oligometastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Reveals EGFR Mutations to Be Associated With Longer Overall Survival
Authors: De Brian , Farooqi Ahsan S. , Mitchell Kyle G. , Ludmir Ethan B. , Lewis Jeff , Rinsurongkawong Waree , Rinsurongkawong Vadeerat , Lee J. Jack , Swisher Stephen G. , Gibbons Don L. , Zhang Jianjun , Le Xiuning , Elamin Yasir Y. , Gomez Daniel R. , Ning Matthew S. , Lin Steven H. , Liao Zhongxing , Chang Joe Y. , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Heymach John V. , Antonoff Mara B. , Gandhi Saumil J. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE Local consolidative therapy (LCT) for patients with synchronous oligometastatic non–small-cell lung cancer is an evolving treatment strategy, but outcomes following LCT stratified by genetic mutations have not been reported. We sought to identify genomic associations with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for these patients. METHODS We identified all patients presenting between 2000 and 2017 with stage IV non–small-cell lung cancer and ≤ 3 synchronous metastatic sites. Patients were grouped according to mutational statuses. Primary outcomes included OS and PFS following initial diagnosis. RESULTS Of 194 included patients, 121 received comprehensive LCT to all sites of disease with either surgery or radiation. TP53 mutations were identified in 40 of 78 (55%), KRAS in 32 of 95 (34%), EGFR in 24 of 109 (22%), and STK11 in nine of 77 (12%). At median follow-up of 96 months, median OS and PFS were 26 (95% CI, 23 to 31) months and 11 (95% CI, 9 to 13) months, respectively. On multivariable analysis, patients with EGFR mutations had lower mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.98; P = .044) compared with wild-type patients, and patients with STK11 mutations had higher risk of progression or mortality (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.12 to 4.79; P = .023) compared with wild-type patients. TP53 and KRAS mutations were not associated with OS or PFS. Among 71 patients with known EGFR mutational status who received comprehensive LCT, EGFR mutations were associated with lower mortality compared with wild-type (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.94; P = .032). CONCLUSION When compared with wild-type patients, those with EGFR and STK11 mutations had longer OS and shorter PFS, respectively. EGFR mutations were associated with longer OS among oligometastatic patients treated with comprehensive LCT in addition to systemic therapy.
Experimental observation of spontaneous temperature fluctuations in turbulent flows
Authors: Prabhudesai G. , Perrard S. , Pétrélis F. , Fauve S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Even in the absence of externally applied temperature gradients, spontaneously generated temperature fluctuations arise in turbulent flows. We experimentally study these fluctuations in a closed von Kármán swirling flow of air at Mach number of order

, whose boundaries are maintained at a constant temperature. We observe intermittent peaks of low temperature correlated with pressure drops within the flow and show that they are caused by vorticity filaments. The measured ratio of temperature-to-pressure fluctuation agrees with the prediction based on adiabatic cooling within vortex cores. This experimental study shows that although the Mach number of the flow is small, there exist regions within the flow where compressible effects cannot be discarded in the equation for temperature and locally dominate the effect of viscous dissipation.
Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Use of Diabetes Technologies Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kommareddi Mallika , Wherry Kael , Vigersky Robert A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Context
Racial/ethnic inequities have been observed in diabetes care.

Objective
To measure changes in prevalence of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pump therapy among Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with type 1 diabetes by race/ethnicity and to determine the impact of socioeconomic factors on racial/ethnic inequities.

Design
The prevalence of CGM and pump use was assessed by race/ethnicity for Medicare Advantage beneficiaries annually from 2017 through 2020. Models predicting technology use by year, race/ethnicity, age, sex, endocrinology visits, and measures of socioeconomic status were fit.

Setting
Community.

Patients or Other Participants
Beneficiaries with type 1 diabetes and 2 or more claims with a diabetes diagnosis in the coverage year.

Intervention(s)
Insulin pump or CGM therapy.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Use of diabetes technology by racial/ethnic group.

Results
Technology use increased from 2017 through 2020 in all racial/ethnic groups. The absolute difference in use between White and Black beneficiaries from 2017 to 2020 remained stable for insulin pumps (10.7% to 10.8%) and increased for CGM (2.6% to 11.1%). The differences in pump use from 2017 to 2020 narrowed between White and Hispanic beneficiaries (12.3% to 11.4%) and White and Asian beneficiaries (9.7% to 6.6%), whereas the opposite occurred for CGM use (3.0% to 15.5% for White vs Hispanic beneficiaries; 1.5% to 8.0% for White vs Asian beneficiaries). Racial/ethnic inequities persisted (P &lt; .0001) after adjusting for other characteristics.

Conclusions
Differences in diabetes technology use between racial/ethnic groups often persisted from 2017 through 2020 and could not be explained by demographics, socioeconomic status, or endocrinology visits.
Polygenic Risk of Prediabetes, Undiagnosed Diabetes, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Stratified by Diabetes Risk Factors
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , Collister Jennifer A , Clifton Lei , Hunter David J , Littlejohns Thomas J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContextEarly diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is crucial to reduce severe comorbidities and complications. Current screening recommendations for type 2 diabetes include traditional risk factors, primarily body mass index (BMI) and family history, however genetics also plays a key role in type 2 diabetes risk. It is important to understand whether genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes modifies the effect of these traditional factors on type 2 diabetes risk.ObjectiveThis work aimed to investigate whether genetic risk of type 2 diabetes modifies associations between BMI and first-degree family history of diabetes with 1) prevalent prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes; and 2) incident confirmed type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe included 431 658 individuals aged 40 to 69 years at baseline of multiethnic ancestry from the UK Biobank. We used a multiethnic polygenic risk score for type 2 diabetes (PRST2D) developed by Genomics PLC. Prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes was defined as baseline glycated hemoglobin greater than or equal to 42 mmol/mol (6.0%), and incident type 2 diabetes was derived from medical records.ResultsAt baseline, 43 472 participants had prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes, and 17 259 developed type 2 diabetes over 15 years follow-up. Dose-response associations were observed for PRST2D with each outcome in each category of BMI or first-degree family history of diabetes. Those in the highest quintile of PRST2D with a normal BMI were at a similar risk as those in the middle quintile who were overweight. Participants who were in the highest quintile of PRST2D and did not have a first-degree family history of diabetes were at a similar risk as those with a family history who were in the middle category of PRST2D.ConclusionGenetic risk of type 2 diabetes remains strongly associated with risk of prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and future type 2 diabetes within categories of nongenetic risk factors. This could have important implications for identifying individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes for prevention and early diagnosis programs.
Associations Between Systemic and Cerebral Inflammation in an Ovine Model of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Elsaafien Khalid , Sloan Jasmine M. , Evans Roger G. , Cochrane Andrew D. , Marino Bruno , McCall Peter R. , Hood Sally G. , Yao Song T. , Korim Willian S. , Bailey Simon R. , Jufar Alemayehu H. , Peiris Rachel M. , Bellomo Rinaldo , Miles Lachlan F. , May Clive N. , Lankadeva Yugeesh R. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Intraoperative inflammation may contribute to postoperative neurocognitive disorders after cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, the relative contributions of general anesthesia (GA), surgical site injury, and CPB are unclear.

METHODS:
In adult female sheep, we investigated (1) the temporal profile of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and (2) the extent of microglia activation across major cerebral cortical regions during GA and surgical trauma with and without CPB (N = 5/group). Sheep were studied while conscious, during GA and surgical trauma, with and without CPB.

RESULTS:
Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (mean [95% confidence intervals], 3.7 [2.5–4.9] vs 1.6 [0.8–2.3] ng/mL; P = .0004) and interleukin-6 levels (4.4 [3.0–5.8] vs 1.6 [0.8–2.3] ng/mL; P = .029) were significantly higher at 1.5 hours, with a further increase in interleukin-6 at 3 hours (7.0 [3.7–10.3] vs 1.8 [1.1–2.6] ng/mL; P < .0001) in animals undergoing CPB compared with those that did not. Although cerebral oxygen saturation was preserved throughout CPB, there was pronounced neuroinflammation as characterized by greater microglia circularity within the frontal cortex of sheep that underwent CPB compared with those that did not (0.34 [0.32–0.37] vs 0.30 [0.29–0.32]; P = .029). Moreover, microglia had fewer branches within the parietal (7.7 [6.5–8.9] vs 10.9 [9.4–12.5]; P = .001) and temporal (7.8 [7.2–8.3] vs 9.9 [8.2–11.7]; P = .020) cortices in sheep that underwent CPB compared with those that did not.

CONCLUSIONS:
CPB enhanced the release of proinflammatory cytokines beyond that initiated by GA and surgical trauma. This systemic inflammation was associated with microglial activation across 3 major cerebral cortical regions, with a phagocytic microglia phenotype within the frontal cortex, and an inflammatory microglia phenotype within the parietal and temporal cortices. These data provide direct histopathological evidence of CPB-induced neuroinflammation in a large animal model and provide further mechanistic data on how CPB-induced cerebral inflammation might drive postoperative neurocognitive disorders in humans.
Modified Iliac Screw in Lumbopelvic Fixation After Sacral Tumor Resection: A Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Huang Wending , Cai Weiluo , Cheng Mo , Hu Xianglin , Fang Meng , Sun Zhengwang , Wang Shengping , Yan Wangjun 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Traditional iliac screw, S2-alar iliac screw, and modified iliac screw are the 3 common techniques for lumbopelvic fixation. The application of the modified iliac technique in sacral spinal tumors has been rarely reported.

OBJECTIVE:
To report the feasibility and safety of modified iliac screws after sacral tumor resection and their preliminary clinical outcomes.

METHODS:
Twenty-seven patients who underwent sacral tumor resection with modified iliac screw fixation between August 2017 and August 2021 at our center were clinically and radiographically evaluated.

RESULTS:
A total of 59 iliac screws were inserted by freehand according to the anatomic landmarks. The mean operation time was 207 minutes (range, 140-435 minutes). The average estimated blood loss was 1396 mL (300-4200 mL). Computed tomography scans showed that 2 (3.4%) screws penetrated the iliac cortex, indicating a 96.6% implantation accuracy rate. There were no iatrogenic neurovascular or visceral structure complications observed. The mean minimal distances from the screw head to the skin were 24.9 and 25.8 mm on the left and right sides, respectively. The mean minimal distances from the screw head to the horizontal level of the posterior superior iliac spine were 7.9 and 8.3 mm on the left and right sides, respectively. Two patients (7.4%) underwent reoperation for wound infection. At the latest follow-up, no patient had complications of screw head prominence, pseudarthrosis, or instrument failure.

CONCLUSION:
The modified iliac screw is characterized by its minimal invasiveness and simplicity of placement. It is an ideal alternative for lumbopelvic fixation after sacral tumor resection.
Interposition Intracranial-Intracranial Bypass Based on Anterior Cerebral Artery A1 Donor Anastomosis: Technical Advances, Outcomes, and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Peixi , Shi Yuan , Li Zongze , Liu Yingjun , Quan Kai , Liu Yingtao , An Qingzhu , Zhu Wei 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
The bypass technique is important for treating complex intracranial aneurysms and is infrequently performed. Intracranial-intracranial (IC-IC) bypass has shown many advantages in recent years.

OBJECTIVE:
To review the techniques and outcomes of bypass based on anterior cerebral artery (ACA) A1 donor anastomosis in patients with intracranial aneurysm.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and imaging data, surgical strategy, and follow-up outcomes of 7 patients treated from 2019 to 2022. Neurological function was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A literature review was performed using PubMed.

RESULTS:
All 7 patients (3 male patients and 4 female patients; mean age, 50.4 ± 15.5 years) underwent aneurysm trapping or clipping using interposition IC-IC bypass based on ACA-A1 donor anastomosis. There were 6 middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms and 1 posterior cerebral aneurysm in the series. One IC-IC bypass failed and was changed to extracranial-intracranial bypass. Three patients with MCA M1 aneurysm showed perforator-related infarction after the operation. The modified Rankin Scale score was 0 in 4 patients, 2 in 2 patients, and 1 in 1 patient. The long-term graft patency rate was 100%.

CONCLUSION:
Interposition IC-IC bypass based on ACA-A1 donor anastomosis provides an effective way to achieve blood flow reconstruction in the treatment of complex aneurysms. This technique provides better caliber and volume compatibility and diminishes neck incision. Perforator-related infarction was the main complication because of involvement of the MCA M1 aneurysm location. Proximal clipping is preferred to avoid perforator-related infarction.
Refining the Anatomy of Percutaneous Trigeminal Rhizotomy: A Cadaveric, Radiological, and Surgical Study
Authors: Xu Yuanzhi , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Nunez Maximiliano Alberto , Zhang Qi , Liu Yaohua , Fernandez-Miranda Juan Carlos , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Mao Ying 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy (PTR) is a widely used procedure for trigeminal neuralgia. However, comprehensive analyses that combine anatomic, radiological, and surgical considerations are rare.

OBJECTIVE:
To present high-quality anatomic dissections and radiological studies that highlight the technical nuances of this procedure.

METHODS:
Six silicon-injected postmortem heads underwent PTR. The surgical corridors were dissected, and the neurovascular relationships were studied. In addition, 20 dried human skulls and 50 computed tomography angiography and MRI scans were collected to study the anatomic relationships for a customized puncture corridor.

RESULTS:
The PTR corridor was divided into 3 segments: the buccal segment (length, 34.76 ± 7.20 mm), the inferior temporal fossa segment (length, 42.06 ± 6.92 mm), and the Meckel cave segment (length, 24.75 ± 3.34 mm). The puncture sagittal (α) and axial (β) angles measured in this study were 38.32° ± 4.62° and 19.13° ± 2.82°, respectively. The precondylar reference line coincided with the foramen ovale in 75% of the computed tomography angiography scans, and the postcondylar line coincided with the carotid canal in 70% of the computed tomography angiography scans; these lines serve as the intraoperative landmarks for PTR. The ovale-carotid-pterygoid triangle, delineated by drawing a line from the foramen ovale to the carotid canal and the lateral pterygoid plate, is a distinguished landmark to use for avoiding neurovascular injury during fluoroscopy.

CONCLUSION:
Knowledge of the anatomic and radiological features of PTR is essential for a successful surgery, and a customized technical flow is a safe and effective way to access the foramen ovale.
A novel class of sulphonamides potently block malaria transmission by targeting a Plasmodium vacuole membrane protein
Authors: Yahiya Sabrina , Saunders Charlie N. , Hassan Sarah , Straschil Ursula , Fischer Oliver J. , Rueda-Zubiaurre Ainoa , Haase Silvia , Vizcay-Barrena Gema , Famodimu Mufuliat Toyin , Jordan Sarah , Delves Michael J. , Tate Edward W. , Barnard Anna , Fuchter Matthew J. , Baum Jake 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Phenotypic cell-based screens are critical tools for discovering candidate drugs for development, yet identification of the cellular target and mode of action of a candidate drug is often lacking. Using an imaging-based screen, we recently discovered an N-[(4-hydroxychroman-4-yl)methyl]-sulphonamide (N-4HCS) compound, DDD01035881, that blocks male gamete formation in the malaria parasite life cycle and subsequent transmission of the parasite to the mosquito with nanomolar activity. To identify the target(s) of DDD01035881, and of the N-4HCS class of compounds more broadly, we synthesised a photoactivatable derivative, probe 2. Photoaffinity labelling of probe 2 coupled with mass spectrometry identified the 16 kDa Plasmodium falciparum parasitophorous vacuole membrane protein Pfs16 as a potential parasite target. Complementary methods including cellular thermal shift assays confirmed that the parent molecule DDD01035881 stabilised Pfs16 in lysates from activated mature gametocytes. Combined with high-resolution, fluorescence and electron microscopy data, which demonstrated that parasites inhibited with N-4HCS compounds phenocopy the targeted deletion of Pfs16 in gametocytes, these data implicate Pfs16 as a likely target of DDD01035881. This finding establishes N-4HCS compounds as being flexible and effective starting candidates from which transmission-blocking antimalarials can be developed in the future.
Tuning Emission Color and Efficiency of 1,2,5-Triaryl-3,4-cycloalka[c]arsoles
Authors: Iwasaki Suzuka , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A variety of 1,2,5-triaryl-3,4-cycloalka[c]arsoles were synthesized in this study to control emission color and efficiency. The torsion between the arsole center and the aryl groups at the 2,5-positions was dependent on the size of the fused cycloalkane, resulting in different absorption maxima. In addition, structural relaxation was affected by the fused cycloalkane, which changed the emission color and efficiency. Notably, the cyclopentane-fused arsole showed aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in the solid state, while cyclohexane and cycloheptane offered aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). This trend was also seen in heterocycle-fused arsoles; five- and six-membered rings offered ACQ and AIEE, respectively. The p-(dimethylamino)phenyl and p-(dimesitylboryl)phenyl groups at the 2,5-positions exhibited red-shifted emission owing to the charge transfer character, and they could detect ions such as protons and fluoride anions, respectively.
Texture analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging for differentiating malignant from benign sinonasal lesions: added value to conventional imaging features
Authors: Su Guo-Yi , Xu Yong-Kang , Liu Jun , Hu Hao , Lu Mei-Ping , Yin Min , Xu Xiao-Quan , Wu Fei-Yun 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of texture analysis (TA) of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating malignant from benign sinonasal lesions, and its added value to the conventional imaging features. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with malignant and 40 patients with benign sinonasal lesions were retrospectively enrolled. Conventional CT and MRI features were reviewed. Texture parameters were obtained and compared between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the most valuable variables. Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to assess the differentiating performance of independent variables and their combination. Results: There were significant differences in tumor necrosis, bone erosion and soft tissue invasion between the two groups (all p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the 10th and entropy of Apparent diffusion coefficient map, the mean, 10th and entropy of D map, the mean and 90th of K map between the two groups (all p < 0.002). The bone erosion, entropy of D, and mean of K were independent variables associated with malignant tumors. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the combination of three features possessed better differentiating performance than bone erosion alone (p = 0.003). Conclusion: TA of DKI could supply incremental value to conventional imaging features for pre-operative differential diagnosis between benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. Advances in knowledge: The present study is the first to combine conventional imaging features and the TA of DKI in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. Our findings suggest that TA of DKI could supply incremental value to conventional imaging features.
The Frontline War: A Case-control study of risk factors for COVID-19 among health care workers
Authors: Sukumar Cynthia Amrutha , Bolanthakodi Nandakrishna , Venkatramanan Aarthi , Nagraj Ravishankar , Vidyasagar Sudha 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has infected several people worldwide. World Health Organization(WHO) has reported that an alarming number of health care workers (HCWs) have been affected and have also succumbed to this disease. Though health infrastructure can be boosted in a short period, the number of HCWs cannot. Hence understanding the risk factors that the HCWs are exposed to and strategically protecting them is of paramount importance. Methods: A case-control retrospective study was carried out on 116 HCWs at a tertiary care hospital treating COVID-19 patients in South India. We attempted to investigate and stratify the specific risk factors for COVID-19 transmission among HCWs. Data was collected regarding their exposure to COVID-19 patients, infection control precautions used, possible breaches in the protocol, and details of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prophylaxis. Results: The demographics were equally distributed among the cases and controls. Exposure to surgical procedures on suspected/positive COVID patients was also found to affect contracting the COVID-19 illness. HCWs who wore face shields instead of eye goggles along with the use of scrubs and hospital gowns were found to have a lesser incidence of COVID-19 illness. Conclusion: This study helped us understand the varied risk factors that health care workers are exposed to while treating COVID-19 patients. It helped us contextualize and strategize our infection control practices to prevent further morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19.