bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on Artificial Intelligence for Forensic sex and age estimation with diagnostic imaging tools.
Authors: patyal shama , Pandey Tejasvi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: The article aims to study artificial intelligence and compare the results of different AI algorithms in collaboration with radio diagnostic devices for age and sex estimation for forensic benefits.
Methods: Articles published between January 2012 and April 2022 were searched using different databases. Twenty-six articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prisma guidelines were followed in the synthesis of this article.
Conclusions: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology that involves computerized algorithms to dichotomize complex data. AI is widely used in diagnostic imaging to detect and quantify a clinical condition. This systematic review aimed to explain the role of AI in the diagnostic imaging modality of radiology in forensic Identification. AI technology is now widely used for age and sex estimation. Most of the AI models are based on machine learning (ML) programs, artificial neural networks (ANN), and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The results of the studies are promising, providing great accuracy and decision-making. These AI-based models will act as identification tools in mass disaster and medicolegal cases. In cooperation with ML algorithms can increase the identification of unknown skeleton remains. Further improvement in AI programs and diagnostic tools is needed for better accuracy and specificity in Forensic investigations. Realistic applications of these models are needed, and the accuracy rate can be enhanced by comparing these models to different populations with wide sample sizes. Most of the studies in this review paper were conducted on healthy subjects, studies on subjects having developmental disorders should also be conducted for validation of these algorithms so that they can be used in any scenario.
Perineuronal nets support astrocytic ion and glutamate homeostasis at tripartite synapses
Authors: Tewari Bhanu , Woo AnnaLin , Prim Courtney , Chaunsali Lata , Kimbrough Ian , Engel Kaliroi , Browning Jack , Campbell Susan , Sontheimer Harald 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are dense, negatively charged extracellular matrices that cover the cell body of fast-spiking inhibitory neurons. Synapses can be embedded and stabilized by PNNs believed to prevent synaptic plasticity. We find that in cortical fast-spiking interneurons synaptic terminals localize to perforations in the PNNs, 95% of which contain either excitatory or inhibitory synapses or both. The majority of terminals also colocalize with astrocytic processes expressing Kir4.1 as well as glutamate (Glu) and GABA transporters, hence can be considered tripartite synapses. In the adult brain, degradation of PNNs does not alter axonal terminals but causes expansion of astrocytic coverage of the neuronal somata. However, loss of PNNs impairs astrocytic transmitter and K+ uptake and causes spillage of synaptic Glu into the extrasynaptic space. This data suggests a hitherto unrecognized role of PNNs, to synergize with astrocytes to contain synaptically released signals.
Controlling Upwards and Downwards Gust Loads on Aerofoils by Pitching
Authors: Angulo Ignacio Andreu , Babinsky Holger 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A wing travelling at a constant angle of attack, α, experiences a large lift spike when subjected to a high-amplitude transverse gust. This study analyses the capability of a low-order model, which uses Wagner and Küssner theory, to calculate a pitch motion profile that mitigates such a lift increase. The results are analysed experimentally by towing a wing at a constant α towards a top-hat transverse gust. Throughout the gust encounter, the wing is pitched with a profile predetermined by the model. Force and flow measurements are analysed for gust ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 and angles of attack of 0, 10, 20 and 45 degrees. In addition, two gust directions are analysed: upward where the gust velocity is in the direction of positive lift, and downwards (in the opposite direction). The latter produces a large negative lift spike that can be especially dangerous for flying vehicles. Experimental results demonstrate strong mitigation, around 85%, of the gust loads up to an effective angle of attack of 60 degrees, independently of gust direction. The theories used achieve mitigation even at large perturbations and separated flows, where the assumptions used on their derivation are clearly invalid. The mitigation approach does, nevertheless, not mitigate the secondary lift peak that emerges after gust exit when the initial wing incidence exceeds 10 degrees. This secondary peak is a result of attached flow around the wing right after gust exit, which eventually develops into a LEV that sheds from the wing.
Dense SEC connection with Left Atrial Appendage Asynchrony and Mechanical Function in patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wang Li , Ma Changsheng , Zhao Caiming , Zhou Bingyuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Left atrial appendage thrombi (LAAT) or dense spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) is relatively common observed on transesophageal echocardiograph (TEE) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), who need strengthen anticoagulation therapy before cardioversion or radiofrequency ablation. Nevertheless, little is known about the meaning of left atrial appendage (LAA) asynchrony and its possible associations with the formation of dense left atrial appendage spontaneous echo contrast (LAASEC). We aimed to analyze LAA global longitudinal strain (LAAGLS) and LAA mechanical function, namely mean peak atrial longitudinal strain (mPALS) and synchrony; we also sought to examine their possible relationship with LAASEC development. Methods: A retrospective study of 360 patients with NVAF was conducted. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography provides the following metrics of LAA strain: LAA strain divided the LAA wall longitudinally into six segments. Moreover, we measured the mean of peaks derived from segmental strain curves (mPALS). The LAA asynchrony was evaluated using the standard deviation of the time to positive peak longitudinal systolic strain for each of the left atrial appendage segments that were normalized to the R-R interval. Results: Patients with dense LAASEC had older age (66.43 ± 8.23 vs 62.28 ± 10.82, P = 0.002), more females (53.1% vs 36.2%, P = 0.009), more per-AF (87.2% vs 44.3%, P < 0.001), more diabetes and heart failure (26% vs 10.3%,25% vs 4.6%, both P < 0.05). The presentation on compliance dysfunction in dense LAASEC group was significant (5.40 ± 2.82 vs 12.40 ± 7.30), and higher PSD LAA (4Segments) (93.44(47.41 ~ 153.35) vs 59.00(13.71 ~ 115.25)) in dense SEC group, especially the peak time of longitudinal strain is obviously prolonged in the middle and apex segments of the left atrial appendage ( 102.50 (20.00 ~ 200.75) vs 23.00 (0.00 ~ 153.00), 19.00 (0.00 ~ 76.25) vs 0.00 (0.00 ~ 19.00), P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: NVAF patients with LAA Asynchrony have an increased dense LAASEC. Especially the peak time of longitudinal strain is obviously prolonged in the middle of LAA.
Sjogren’s, systemic lupus and relapsing polychondritis. A diverse array of autoimmune diseases in one patient. Case report and review of literature
Authors: Alamlih Laith , AL-Karaja Layth , Matar Jafar , Albakri Mutaz ,   4.	Eshraq Shalalfa
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a rare inflammatory disorder that affects the cartilaginous structures with variable clinical and laboratory manifestations. Although it is commonly associated with other diseases, it has been only rarely reported to be associated with either systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sjogren syndrome (SS). In this report, we describe the case of a middle-aged lady who presented with right ear pain, redness, swelling and tenderness along with high inflammatory markers. She was found to have symptoms of dry mouth and dry eyes along with arthritis, rash and photosensitivity. Serological workup revealed the positivity of ANA, anti-RO, U1-RNP, and anti-smith antibodies. With these clinical and serological results, she was diagnosed with RPC and with both SLE and SS, an overlap we believe was never reported before. In conclusion, RPC can be associated with other rheumatological diseases and rarely with more than a disease in one patient. Careful assessment is needed to diagnose and treat such patients.
A Mixed-Field Sources Localization Algorithm Based on High-order Cumulant Matrix Reconstruction for General Symmetric Array
Authors: Lin Wei , Jin Qiang , Ba Bin , Wang Yinsheng , Zhang Jin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sparse arrays have obvious advantages in mixed-field localization applications because the better estimation accuracy can be obtained by using consective lags. However, existing algorithms can not fully utilize the information provided by sparse arrays. In this paper, an interpolation processing method based on atomic norm is proposed to solve the sparse array localization problem. The high-order cumulant matrix is reconstructed by the interpolation method to generate an augmented cumulant matrix without holes, which can make full use of all the lags. Then, the atomic norm minimization (ANM) method is used to recover the sparse matrix after interpolation in a gridless way. The matrix after recovery enables off-grid direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. After the interpolation reconstruction, more consecutive lags can be exploited, the degrees of freedom (DOFs) are further increased, and the DOA estimation accuracy is also improved. Numerical simulations verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the existing algorithms.
IL-17 axis is a significant driver of skin inflammation in Card14 mutant pityriasis rubra pilaris model mice
Authors: Yoshikawa Takenori , Takeichi Takuya , Hirabayashi Tetsuya , Muro Yoshinao , Miyasaka Yuki , Ohno Tamio , Akiyama Masashi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare inflammatory keratinization disorder with perifollicular erythema, and most autosomal dominant familial cases of atypical juvenile (type V) PRP are caused by gain-of-function mutations in CARD14, which encodes caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 14 (CARD14). We report the first mouse model of PRP to carry a homozygous knock-in mutation, c.380G>C (p.Cys127Ser) corresponding to a PRP-causative human mutation, in CARD14. The Card14C127S/C127S knock-in mice recapitulate key aspects of human PRP, including hair follicle dilatation, follicular plugs, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, and show skin barrier dysfunction, the hyperactivation of innate immunity via the IL-36 signaling and inflammasome pathways, and the excessive activation of the IL-17 axis in the outer root sheath and interfollicular epidermis. Administering anti-IL-17A neutralizing antibody significantly attenuates the skin symptoms in mutant mice. Thus, this knock-in mouse is a valid model for further evaluating early events in the PRP pathogenesis and for developing PRP therapies.
Determination of Caffeine in Coffee samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method from selected woredas of Western Hararghe, Ethiopia
Authors: Eticha Shibiru , Eskezia Meselu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this research work caffeine content in coffee bean samples from Daroo Labu, Booke, Shanan Dhugoo, Haabro and Xuloo of Western Hararghe administrative zone of Ethiopia were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Caffeine in aqueous extract of coffee bean samples was dissolved in water (HPLC grade) to determine caffeine contents in coffee bean samples using HPLC method. The linearity of the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method obtained were R2 = 0. 9998. Limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained were 9.10 ppm and 27.54 ppm respectively. The caffeine concentration in coffee bean samples obtained using HPLC method was 58.7065 ppm or 1.46% (w/w), 57.7152 ppm or 1.44% (w/w), 58.23408 ppm or 1.45% (w/w), 57.59039 ppm or 1.43% (w/w), 47.79959 ppm or 1.19% (w/w) for Booke, Shanan Dhugoo, Haabro, Daroo Labu and Xuloo coffee bean samples respectively. There is no significant difference between the caffeine contents of all coffee bean samples.
Towards Optimization of Ceftazidime Dosing in Intensive Care Unit Obese Patients: the end of the “one-size-fits-all” approach?
Authors: CORREIA P. , LAUNAY M. , BALLUET R. , GERGELE L. , GAUTHIER V. , MOREL J. , BEURET P. , MARIAT C. , THIERY G. , RAGEY Sophie PERINEL 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Ceftazidime (CAZ) is commonly used as pivotal antibiotic against pseudomonas aeruginosa in critically ill patients. ICU patients have severely altered and variable antibiotic pharmacokinetics, resulting in lower antimicrobial concentrations and potentially poor outcome. Several factors, including obesity and renal function, may influence pharmacokinetics. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate impact of obesity and renal function on CAZ plasma concentrations and dosing regimen in ICU patients.
METHODS
All consecutive adult patients from 6 ICUs, treated with continuous CAZ infusion and under Therapeutic Drug Monitoring evaluation were included. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m². Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula. CAZ recommended levels for plasma concentrations were between 35 and 80 mg/L.
RESULTS
A total of 111 patients (45 obese), weighted 90 (±24,4) kg, were included. Mean GFR was 82 mL/min/1,73m2 (±40,3).
Recommended CAZ plasma concentrations were achieved only for 49,6% patients, with median dosing regimen of 6g/d. Obese patients had lower CAZ plasma concentrations compared to non-obese patients (37.8 vs 56.3 mg/L; p=0.0042*) despite similar dosing regimens (5.83g/d vs 5.52 g/d, p= 0.2529). Almost all Augmented Renal Clearance patients were underdosed despite CAZ dosing of 6,6g/d (±0,8). Considering weight-based CAZ dosing seemed to attenuate such obesity-related discrepancies, regardless of GFR.
CONCLUSIONS
ICU obese patients required significantly greater CAZ amount to achieve target range. Tailored dosing regimen may be considered based on weight and GFR. Future prospective studies should be performed to confirm this individualized dosing approach.
Bacteria isolated from explosive contaminated environments transform pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Avila-Arias Helena , Casallas Francy-Carolina , Arbeli Ziv , Gomez Carlos Andres Fajardo , Gutiérrez Andrea García , Ramirez Sandra Carvajal , Castillo Yohana Herrera , Tamayo-Figueroa Diana Paola , de Mesa Joaquín Benavides López , Roldan Fabio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a nitrate ester explosive, true xenobiotic, recalcitrant and persistent compound in the environment. Our main objective was to isolate bacteria from environmental samples collected at an explosive manufacturing plant with the capacity to transform PETN (100 mg L− 1) under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions. Biotransformation of PETN was evaluated using mineral medium without (M-C) and with additional carbon (M + C) source under aerobic conditions, and with additional carbon source under anaerobic conditions. Here we report on 12 cultures (4 pure and 8 co-cultures) with the capacity to transform PETN. The highest transformation of PETN was observed for cultures in M + C under aerobic conditions, reaching up to 91 ± 2% in 2 days. Under this condition, PETN biotransformation was observer in conjunction with the release of nitrites and bacterial growth, measured as optical density and total proteins. No substantial transformation of PETN (< 45%) was observed during 21 days in M-C under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, five cultures reached up to 52 ± 13% PETN biotransformation in 160 days, concurrent with the formation of two unidentified metabolites. PETN-transforming cultures belonged toAlphaproteobacteria,Betaproteobacteria,GammaproteobacteriaandActinobacteria. In conclusion, we isolated 12 PETN-transforming cultures belonging to diverse taxa suggesting that PETN transformation is phylogenetically widespread.
Is frequent measurement of tumor markers beneficial for postoperative surveillance of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Yokota Mitsuru , Morikawa Akitaka , Matsuoka Hiroya , Muto Jun , Hashida Kazuki , Nagahisa Yoshio , Masui Toshihiko , Okabe Michio , Kitagawa Hirohisa , Kawamoto Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether frequent measurement of tumor markers triggers early detection of colorectal cancer recurrence.
Methods
A total of 1,651 consecutive patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery between 2010 and 2016 were included. CEA and CA 19 − 9 were considered to be postoperative tumor markers and were measured every 3 months for 3 years, and then every 6 months for 2 years. Sensitivity analysis of elevated CEA and CA19-9 levels and multivariate analysis of factors associated with elevated CEA and CA19-9 levels were performed. The proportion of triggers for detecting recurrence was determined.
Results
The median follow-up period was 5.3 years. After applying the exclusion criteria, 1,050 patients were analyzed, 176 (16.8%) of whom were found to have recurrence. After excluding patients with persistently high preoperative CEA and CA19-9 levels from the 176 patients, 71 (43.6%) of 163 patients had elevated CEA levels and 35 (20.2%) of 173 patients had elevated CA19-9 levels. Sensitivity/positive predictive values for elevated CEA and CA19-9 levels at recurrence were 43.6%/32.3% and 20.2%/32.4%, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was a factor associated with both elevated CEA and CA19-9 levels at recurrence. Of the 176 patients, computed tomography triggered the detection of recurrence in 137 (78%) and elevated tumor marker levels in 13 (7%); the diagnostic lead interval in the latter 13 patients was 1.7 months.
Conclusion
Tumor marker measurements in surveillance after radical colorectal cancer resection contribute little to early detection, and frequent measurements are unnecessary for stage I patients with low risk of recurrence.
Occurrence and diversity of bacterioplankton in drinking water tropical reservoirs of contrasting trophic state
Authors: PANTOJA-AGREDA FERNANDO , PAJARES SILVIA 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Bacteria communities play key roles within freshwater reservoirs, affecting their functioning and services. Understanding their occurrence in the reservoirs will help predict how these ecosystems change in response to human activities and climate change. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate the composition and structure of bacterioplankton in two drinking water tropical reservoirs with different trophic state in Puerto Rico: Cerrillos (mesotrophic) and Lucchetti (eutrophic). The dominant lineages were typical of freshwaters such as Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Cyanobacteria. However, the bacterioplankton composition and diversity were variable throughout the water column in both reservoirs, indicating that environmental gradients such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient create a variety of habitats that support different bacterial assemblages in these reservoirs. For example, Frankiales and Micrococcales were dominant in the metalimnion, whereas Bacillales were common in the deep layers, mainly in the anoxic zone of Lucchetti. The trophic state of these reservoirs also affects the bacterioplankton structure. Picocyanobacteria were represented mainly by Cyanobium PCC-6307, with higher abundance in Cerrillos compared to Lucchetti, indicating its preference for less eutrophic reservoirs. The detection of potentially pathogenic species, such as Acinetobacter lwoffii and A. Schindleri, and of cyanobacteria ecotypes as possible indicators of eutrophication indicate the importance of monitoring these tropical ecosystems to implement mitigation programs in eutrophic reservoirs and conservation strategies in oligotrophic reservoirs used as drinking water source.
Establishing a prognostic model based on immune-related genes and identification of BIRC5 as a potential biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Ren Qianhe , Li Qifan , Shao Chenye , Zhang Pengpeng , Hu Zhuangzhuang , Li Jun , Wang Wei , Yu Yue 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is an extraordinarily malignant tumor, with rapidly increasing morbidity and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has emerged as a hopeful therapeutic modality for lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, a prognostic model (based on immune genes) can fulfill the purpose of early diagnosis and accurate prognostic prediction.
Methods: Immune-related mRNAs (IRmRNAs) were utilized to construct a prognostic model that sorted patients into high- and low-risk groups. Then, the prediction efficacy of our model was evaluated using a nomogram. The differences in overall survival (OS), the tumor mutation landscape, and the tumor microenvironment were further explored between different risk groups. In addition, the immune genes comprising the prognostic model were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing to investigatethe expression of these immune genes in different cells. Finally, the functions of BIRC5 were validated through in vitro experiments.
Results: Patients in different risk groups exhibited sharply significant variations in OS, pathway activity, immune cell infiltration, mutation patterns, and immune response. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the expression level of BIRC5 was significantly high in T cells. Cell experiments further revealed that BIRC5 knockdown markedly reduced LUAD cell proliferation.
Conclusion: This model can function as an instrumental variable in the prognostic, molecular, and therapeutic prediction of LUAD, shedding new light onthe optimal clinical practice guidelines for LUAD patients.
A characterisation study of ignimbrites of Tenerife Island employed as building stone
Authors: Valido J. A. , Cáceres J. M. , Sousa Luís 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the petrophysical properties of four ignimbrites employed as dimension stones. The natural stone under study is produced in Tenerife Island (Spain) under the commercial brand name of Piedra Chasnera and are differentiated according to their chromatic variety into: brown, violet, grey and green. In order to assess the suitability for feasible applications, it is essential to have a comprehensive knowledge of it properties. In this respect, mineralogical, petrographic and chemical properties were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarisation microscopy (POM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). According to the procedure described in the standardised methods, apparent density, open porosity, water absorption at atmospheric pressure, water absorption coefficient by capillary and ultrasound propagation velocity were measured. The four variants of ignimbrites were analysed and classified according to the results obtained. It was found that the properties vary depending on the depth of the stratigraphic volcanic level from which the stone is extracted. From the review of the published data it can be seen that the test results are within the expected values for this lithotype. A comparison was also made with other types of dimensional stones. The correlation analysis shows that there is a high degree of correlation between the physical properties studied.