bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenol biodegradation in a bioreactor considering different geometries and process parameters
Authors: Aghajani Delavar Mojtaba , Wang Junye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, a three‐dimensional coupled lattice Boltzmann model and cellular automata platform was developed to simulate biofilm growth and phenol biodegradation as an effective and sustainable way to remove phenolic contaminants in aquatic systems. Two three‐dimensional bioreactors with cubic or spherical obstacles at varying inlet phenol concentrations and flow velocities were examined. The results showed that the cubic‐bioreactor had higher phenol reduction than the spheric‐bioreactor due to the greater effects of cubic obstacles on flow patterns. The biofilm concentration in bioreactors decreased up to 36.4% as inlet velocity increased and in the spheric‐bioreactor at the same inlet phenol concentration. The cubic‐bioreactor had the highest normalized reduction rate of 1.194 at the lowest inlet phenol concentration, while the spheric‐bioreactor had the lowest one of 0.871 at the highest inlet phenol concentration. The results proved the accuracy of the model to assess the performance of wastewater treatment bioreactors under different conditions.
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia associated with p.Arg183Trp homozygous variant in EXOSC1 gene: A case report
Authors: Damseh Nadirah S. , Obeidat Ali N. , Ahammed Khondakar Sayef , Al‐Ashhab Motee , Awad Motee Abu , van Hoof Ambro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a heterogeneous group of rare neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a wide phenotypic range including severe motor and cognitive impairments, microcephaly, distinctive facial features, and other features according to the type. Several classes of PCH1 have been linked to mutations in the evolutionarily conserved RNA exosome complex that consists of nine subunits (EXOSC1 to EXOSC9) and facilitates the degradation and processing of cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA from the 3′ end. Only a single individual with an EXOSC1 mutation was reported with clinical features of PCH type 1 (PCH1F). Here, we report a 3‐month‐old female with PCH and additional clinical features not previously reported to be associated with PCH1, including dilated cardiomyopathy. On assessment, failure to thrive, microcephaly, distinctive facial features, and bluish sclera, were noted. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed and revealed a novel homozygous missense variant c.547C > T (p.Arg183Trp) in the EXOSC1 gene. Functional studies in a budding yeast model that expresses the human EXOSC1 variant Arg183Trp show a slow‐growth phenotype, whereas the previously identified PCH1F allele EXOSC1‐Ser35Leu is lethal, indicating impaired exosome function for both of these variants. The protein levels of both EXOSC1 variants are reduced compared with wild‐type when expressed in budding yeast. Herein, we ascertain the second case of PCH associated with a EXOSC1 variant that causes defects in RNA exosome function and provide a model organism system to distinguish between benign and pathogenic variants in EXOSC1.
3D printing for virtual surgical planning of nasoseptal flap skull‐base reconstruction: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Kayastha Darpan , Wiznia Daniel , Manes R. Peter , Omay Sacit Bulent , Khoury Tawfiq , Rimmer Ryan 
Published: April 2023

Key points
3D printing for virtual surgical planning of nasoseptal flap skull base reconstruction is a viable approach.
Results indicate improved mucosal preservation but further research is needed to define impact on quality of life.
Association of common infections with cognitive performance in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study follow‐up
Authors: Wennberg Alexandra M. , Maher Brion S. , Rabinowitz Jill A. , Holingue Calliope , Felder W. Ross , Wells Jonathan L. , Munro Cynthia A. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Eaton William W. , Walker Keenan A. , Weng Nan‐ping , Ferrucci Luigi , Yolken Robert , Spira Adam P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionGrowing evidence suggests that some common infections are causally associated with cognitive impairment; however, less is known about the burden of multiple infections.MethodsWe investigated the cross‐sectional association of positive antibody tests for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Toxoplasma gondii (TOX) with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and delayed verbal recall performance in 575 adults aged 41–97 from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.ResultsIn multivariable‐adjusted zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models, positive antibody tests for CMV (p = .011) and herpes simplex virus (p = .018) were individually associated with poorer MMSE performance (p = .011). A greater number of positive antibody tests among the five tested was associated with worse MMSE performance (p = .001).DiscussionCMV, herpes simplex virus, and the global burden of multiple common infections were independently associated with poorer cognitive performance. Additional research that investigates whether the global burden of infection predicts cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease biomarker changes is needed to confirm these findings.
When High‐Temperature Cesium Chemistry Meets Self‐Templating: Metal Acetates as Building Blocks of Unusual Highly Porous Carbons
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Kossmann Janina , Zeng Ke , Zhang Kun , Wang Bingjie , Weinberger Christian , Antonietti Markus , Odziomek Mateusz , López‐Salas Nieves 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelf‐templating is a facile strategy for synthesizing porous carbons by direct pyrolysis of organic metal salts. However, the method typically suffers from low yields (<4%) and limited specific surface areas (SSA<2000 m2 g−1) originating from low activity of metal cations (e.g., K+ or Na+) in promoting construction and activation of carbon frameworks. Here we use cesium acetate as the only precursor of oxo‐carbons with large SSA of the order of 3000 m2 g−1, pore volume approaching 2 cm3 g−1, tunable oxygen contents, and yields of up to 15 %. We unravel the role of Cs+ as an efficient promoter of framework formation, templating and etching agent, while acetates act as carbon/oxygen sources of carbonaceous frameworks. The oxo‐carbons show record‐high CO2 uptake of 8.71 mmol g−1 and an ultimate specific capacitance of 313 F g−1 in the supercapacitor. This study helps to understand and rationally tailor the materials design by a still rare organic solid‐state chemistry.
Synthesis and characterization of eco‐friendly poly(ε‐caprolactone) plasticizer facilitating phthalate‐free polyvinyl chloride with novel star/net‐shaped structures
Authors: Dong Xue , Long Mengfei , Liu Hongxia , Gao Ling , Xu Xinjie , Xia Xiaole 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPotential migration and toxicity limited applications of traditional plasticizers like bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in food packing and medical machinery and so forth. Safe and feasible bio‐based plasticizers have recently moved into the limelight of research hotspot. Here, we designed series polyester plasticizers of various branches with star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone) (SPCLs) and net‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone) (NPCLs) structures by one‐pot solvent‐free synthesis with glycidol and polyglycerol as initiators. Structures of SPCLs and NPCLs were further verified by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Moreover, the properties of the plasticizers and plasticized PVC were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile test. PVC films plasticized with the SPCLs or NPCLs exhibited increased plasticizing effect, compatibility, flexibility and cold resistance. The lowest Tg value of plasticized PVC samples (PVC/NPCL1‐C4) was −45.3°C, which made the plasticization efficiency reach 122.5%. In particular, PVC/SPCLs‐C4 (SPCL2‐C4) had 107% higher elongation at break than PVC/DEHP. Meanwhile, the initial decomposition temperature Ti value of the PVC blends maximum increased from 240 to 328°C when DEHP was completely replaced by SPCLs or NPCLs, indicating improved thermal stability of the plasticizer. Overall, “green” plasticizers with fining topological branch design would be promising to partially replace petroleum‐based plasticizers.
Facile Hydrogenation of Furfural by MOF‐Derived Graphitic Carbon Wrapped FeCo Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M. , Ali Muhammad , Abdelnaby Mahmoud M. , Hakeem Abbas S. , Sanhoob Mohammed , Alghamdi Huda S. , Ajeebi Afnan M. , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA catalytic system for selective transformation of furfural into biofuel is highly desirable. However, selective hydrogenation of the C=O group over the furan ring of furfural to produce ether in one step is challenging. Here, we report the preparation of a series of magnetically recoverable FeCo@GC nano‐alloys (37–40 nm). Fe3O4 (3–5 nm) and MOF‐71 (Co), used as the Co and C source, were mixed together in a range of Fe/Co ratios, and then encapsulated in a graphitic carbon (GC) shell to prepare such alloys. STEM‐HAADF shows the darker core made of FeCo and the shell of graphitic carbon. Furfural is hydrogenated to produce >99% isopropyl furfuryl ether in isopropanol with >99% conversion at 170 °C under 40 bars of H2, whereas n‐chain alcohol, such as ethanol, produces corresponding ethyl levulinate in 93%. The synergistic effect due to the charge transfer from Fe to Co leads to higher reactivity of FeCo@GC. The catalyst, which can be separated from the reaction medium using a simple magnet without significant damage to the surface or composition, retained its reactivity and selectivity for up to four consecutive cycles.
Emissivität von Zink‐Aluminiumüberzügen unter Brandlast und Wirkung auf den Feuerwiderstand
Authors: Pinger Thomas , Mensinger Martin , Firan Maria‐Mirabela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn jüngerer Vergangenheit wurde bei klassisch feuerverzinkten Stahlbauteilen eine reduzierte Emissivität unter Brandbelastung nachgewiesen, die sich im Zuge der Heißbemessung gemäß DIN EN 1993‐1‐2 als vorteilhaft gegenüber einem ungeschützten Bauteil erweist. Im Zuge weiterführender Untersuchungen wurde nun die Emissivität von modernen Zink‐Aluminiumüberzügen, die sich durch eine in Abhängigkeit vom Aluminiumgehalt von den standardmäßigen Überzügen abweichende Schichtcharakteristik auszeichnen, anhand von Kleinteilproben bestimmt, wobei verschiedene Konfigurationen abgeprüft wurden. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich über alle Varianten, dass ZnAl‐Überzüge eine gegenüber Reinzink‐ bzw. quasireinen Zinküberzügen nochmals verbesserte, insbesondere bei höheren Temperaturen reduzierte Emissivität aufweisen. Bei Anwendung derselben zeigt sich die positive Wirkung auf den Feuerwiderstand von mit ZnAl‐Schmelzen verzinkten Stahlkomponenten in Form einer verzögerten Aufwärmung und damit einer im Zuge der Heißbemessung ermittelten höheren Tragfähigkeit unter Brandbelastung bzw. das Potenzial zur Reduzierung des Stahlprofilquerschnitts und damit zur Ressourceneinsparung in einer relevanten Größenordnung.
Neural tube defects: Prevalence, mortality, and maternal characteristics in two departmental hospitals in the northwestern region of Nicaragua, 2006–2018
Authors: Pastora Bucardo Dania María , González Fredman , Montes Pastora María , Pimienta Ramirez Paula Andrea , Bonilla Indiana López , Vielot Nadja A , Finnell Richard H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCongenital anomalies are the fifth most common cause of neonatal mortality in Nicaragua, and neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most common of all cases of lethality associated with a birth defect. Prevalence and mortality estimates are needed to propose effective intervention strategies that prevent NTDs over time.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in northwestern Nicaragua from January 2006 to December 2018. All cases of NTDs (anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele) were registered in hospital surveillance systems, and the medical histories of the mothers and newborns were reviewed. Prevalence was calculated by considering the number of live births and stillbirths older than 20 weeks of gestation with NTDs, divided by the total number of live births and stillbirths in each study year. Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) for NTD, and case fatality for spina bifida was calculated.ResultsTwo hundred fifty cases of NTDs were identified from 178,498 deliveries (177,316 live births and 1,182 stillbirths). The prevalence of NTDs during this time period was 14.01 (95% CI: 12.27–15.74) per 10,000 births. The prevalence of spina bifida (n = 140), anencephaly (n = 97), and encephalocele (n = 13) was 7.84, (95% CI: 6.54–9.14), 5.43 (95% CI: 4.30–6.45), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.33–1.12) per 10,000 births, respectively. Mothers with fetus or newborns affected with NTDs did not use folic acid prior to conception, and 11% experienced periods of hyperthermia during the first trimester of pregnancy. NMR for NTDs was 0.55 per 1.000 livebirths. Case fatality for all NTDs and for spina bifida were 55% and 18%, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence and mortality of NTDs in the northwestern region of Nicaragua present peaks and troughs during the study period. Spina bifida was the most frequent type of NTD. We believe that these findings could be of use by health policy makers to strengthen the primary prevention of NTDs in the region through the monitoring of the food fortification policy and folic acid supplementation to women of childbearing age. Additional etiologic studies of NTDs should be considered to identify additional prevention measures.
Towards a scalable bioprocess for rAAV production using a HeLa stable cell line
Authors: Escandell José , Moura Filipa , Carvalho Sofia B. , Silva Ricardo J. S. , Correia Ricardo , Roldão Antonio , Gomes‐Alves Patrícia , Alves Paula M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe majority of recombinant adeno‐associated viruses (rAAV) approved for clinical use or in clinical trials areproduced by transient transfection using the HEK293 cell line. However, this platform has several manufacturing bottlenecks at commercial scales namely, low product quality (full to empty capsid ratio <20% in most rAAV serotypes), lower productivities obtained after scale‐up and the high cost of raw materials, in particular of Good Manufacturing Practice grade plasmid DNA required for transfection. The HeLa‐based stable cell line rAAV production system provides a robust and scalable alternative to transient transfection systems. Nevertheless, the time required to generate the producer cell lines combined with the complexity of rAAV production and purification processes still pose several barriers to the use of this platform as a suitable alternative to the HEK293 transient transfection. In this work we streamlined the cell line development and bioprocessing for the HeLaS3‐based production of rAAV. By exploring this optimized approach, producer cell lines were generated in 3‐4 months, and presented rAAV2 volumetric production (bulk) > 3 × 1011 vg/mL and full to empty capsids ratio (>70%) at 2 L bioreactor scale. Moreover, the established downstream process, based on ion exchange and affinity‐based chromatography, efficiently eliminated process related impurities, including the Adenovirus 5 helper virus required for production with a log reduction value of 9. Overall, we developed a time‐efficient and robust rAAV bioprocess using a stable producer cell line achieving purified rAAV2 yields > 1 × 1011 vg/mL. This optimized platform may address manufacturing challenges for rAAV based medicines.
“Organized stress” for robust scale‐up of intensified production process with fed‐batch seed bioreactor
Authors: Ben Yahia Bassem , Piednoir Antoine , Dahomais Thomas , Eggermont Stefanie , Paul Wolfgang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProcess intensification has been widely used for many years in the mammalian biomanufacturing industry to increase productivity, agility and flexibility while reducing production costs. The most commonly used intensified processes are operated using a perfusion or fed‐batch seed bioreactor enabling a higher than usual seeding density in the fed‐batch production bioreactor. Hence, as part of the growth phase is shifted to the seed bioreactor, there is a lower split ratio, which increases the criticality of the seed bioreactor and could impact production performance. Therefore, such intensified processes should be designed and characterized for robust process scale‐up. This research work is focused on intensified processes with high seeding density inoculated from seed bioreactor in fed‐batch mode. The impact of the feeding strategy and specific power input (P/V) in the seed bioreactor and on the production step with two different cell lines (CL1 and CL2) producing two different monoclonal antibodies was investigated. Cell culture performance in the production bioreactor has been improved due to more stressful conditions for the cells in the seed bioreactor and the impact of the production bioreactor P/V on the production performance was limited. This is the first reported study highlighting a positive impact of cellular stress in seed bioreactors on intensified production bioreactor with the introduction of the “organized stress” concept.
Genetic Diversity Assessment of Spanish and Some Endangered Tunisian Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Accessions Based on Microsatellite Markers (SSRs)
Authors: Mohamed Amina , García‐Martínez Santiago , Carbonell Pedro , José Ruiz Juan , Loumerem Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the current investigation, 28 accessions of Spanish and Tunisian peas were characterized by eight SSR polymorphic markers to assess their genetic diversity. Many methods have been applied to evaluate these relationships including diversity indices, analysis of molecular variance, cluster analysis, and population structure. The means of diversity indices, the polymorphism information content (PIC), the allelic richness, and the Shannon information index were 0.51, 3.87, and 0.9, respectively. These results revealed a large polymorphism (84.15 %) which produced a higher degree of genetic distance amongst the accessions. The unweighted pair group approach with arithmetic mean divided the collection of these accessions into three major genetic clusters. Therefore, this article has clearly demonstrated the usefulness of the SSR markers that can significantly contribute to the management and conservation of pea germplasm in these countries, as well as to future reproduction.
Extraction, Distribution and Diversity of Phenolic Compounds in Most Widespread Boraginaceae Species from Macedonia
Authors: Petreska Stanoeva Jasmina , Stefova Marina , Matevski Vlado 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA systematic study of extraction efficiency of polyphenolic compounds from the most widespread Boraginaceae species was carried out. The optimal extraction was achieved with 50 % (V/V) methanol for phenolic acids and flavonoids, 0.2 % (V/V) HCl in 50 % (V/V) methanol for anthocyanins and pure water for flavan‐3‐ols. The distribution and diversity of polyphenolic compounds in plant material obtained from wild‐growing Anchusa officinalis, Cynoglossum creticum Mill., Echium vulgare, Echium italicum, and Onosma heterophylla Griseb. species from Macedonia was also assessed. These widespread Boraginaceae species contain phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids, flavan‐3‐ols and anthocyanins and in total 31 of them were identified, from which 22 were first identified in the representative species, and 6,8‐di‐C‐glucosides of apigenin and luteolin were identified for the first time in Boraginaceae. The profiles of polyphenolic compounds for each sample were obtained and their phytochemical profile established. The potential for further bioactivity studies of Anchusa officinalis and Cynoglossum creticum containing up to 24577.05 μg/g and 14304.15 μg/g of total polyphenols were assumed to be highest, followed by Echium vulgare (from 6382.61 to 14114.33 μg/g), Onosma heterophylla (9463.97 μg/g) and Echium (4108.14 μg/g).
Contribution of Constituents in Rosemary‐Magnolia Compound Essential Oil to Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Bioactivities Revealed by Grey Correlation Analysis
Authors: Song Yukun , Li Zongyang , Zhang Panpan , Jiao Qiang , Gu Ruili , Qu Lingxuan , Huang Shan , Wang Xiao , Liu Yue , Lai Yong , Ding Shen , Chen Yuanyuan , Li Mingwan , Zhang Dangquan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe compound of essential oils (EOs) is a key approach to achieving the superimposed efficacy of plant EOs. In this article, grey correlation analysis was applied for the first time to explore the compound ratios and contribution between constituents and the bioactivity of the compound EOs. There were 12 active constituents shared in rosemary and magnolia EOs prepared by negative pressure distillation. With different proportions, these two EOs were blended and analyzed for the antioxidant, bacteriostatic and antitumor effects. According to the results of the inhibition circle, minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentration, the most obvious inhibition effect of the compound EOs on different strains of bacteria was shown in Staphylococcus aureus. The results of antioxidant test showed that single EO from rosemary had the best antioxidant effect, and its EO content was directly proportional to the antioxidant effect. The cytotoxicity results showed that, there was a significant difference in the lethality of the compound EOs between tumor cells Mcf‐7 (human breast cancer cells) and SGC‐7901 cells (human gastric cancer cells). Furthermore, single EO from magnolia had an obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of Mcf‐7 cells and SGC‐7901 cells, and the cell lethality rate was as high as 95.19 % and 97.96 %, respectively. As the results of grey correlation analysis, the constituents with the maximal correlation of inhibitory effects on bacteria were as follows: S. aureus – Terpinolene (0.893), E. coli – Eucalyptol (0.901), B. subtilis – α‐Pinene (0.823), B. cereus – Terpinolene (0.913) and Salmonella – α‐Phellandrene (0.855). For the ABTS and DPPH scavenging effects, the constituents with the maximal correlation were (−)‐Camphor (0.860) and β‐Pinene (0.780), respectively. In terms of the effects of the active constituents of compound EOs on the inhibitory activities of tumor cells Mcf‐7 and SGC‐7901, the three active constituents of γ‐Terpinene, (R)‐(+)‐β‐Citronellol and (−)‐Camphor were in the top three, and their correlation were Mcf‐7 (0.833, 0.820, 0.795) and SGC‐7901 (0.797, 0.766, 0.740). Our study determined the contribution degree of active constituents in the antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor bioactivities of rosemary‐magnolia compound EOs, and also provided new insights for the research of EOs combination formulations.
Synthesis, Biological Activity Evaluation, Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies of New Triazole‐Tetrahydropyrimidinone(thione) Hybrid Scaffolds as Urease Inhibitors
Authors: Rezvanpoor Sadaf , Shakour Neda , Ahangarzadeh Nazli , Bakherad Hamid , Sepehri Saghi , Farhadi Ghazaleh , Hosein Pakdel Mohammad , Iranshahi Mehrdad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNew series of triazole‐tetrahydropyrimidinone(thione) hybrids (9a–g) were synthesized. FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopic studies characterized the structures of the synthesized compounds. Then, the synthesized compounds were screened to determine the urease inhibitory activity. Methyl 4‐(4‐((1‐(2‐chlorobenzyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)‐6‐methyl‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate (9c) exhibited the highest urease inhibitory activity (IC50=25.02 μM) among the compounds which was almost similar to thiourea as standard (IC50=22.32 μM). The docking study of the screened compounds demonstrated that these compounds fit well in the urease active site. Based on the docking study, compound 9c with the highest urease inhibitory activity showed chelates with both Ni2+ ions of the urease active site. Moreover, the molecular dynamic study of the most potent compounds showed that they created important interactions with the active site flap residues, His322, Cys321, and Met317.