bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin directly enhances differentiation of oligodendrocyte-precursor cells and remyelination
Authors: Li Yaguang , Noto Daisuke , Hoshino Yasunobu , Mizuno Miho , Yoshikawa Soichiro , Miyake Sachiko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by multiple lesions in the central nervous system. Although the role of B cells in MS pathogenesis has attracted much attention, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the effects of B cells on demyelination, we analyzed a cuprizone-induced demyelination model, and found that demyelination was significantly exacerbated in B cell-deficient mice. We next investigated whether immunoglobulin affected the myelin formation process using organotypic brain slice cultures and revealed that remyelination was improved in immunoglobulin-treated groups compared with the control group. Analysis of oligodendrocyte-precursor cell (OPC) monocultures showed that immunoglobulins directly affected on OPCs and promoted their differentiation and myelination. Furthermore, OPCs expressed FcγRI and FcγRIII, two receptors that were revealed to mediate the effects of IgG. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that B cells act in an inhibitory manner against cuprizone-induced demyelination, while immunoglobulins enhance remyelination following demyelination. Analysis of the culture system revealed that immunoglobulins directly act on OPCs to promote their differentiation and myelination. Future studies to elucidate the effects of immunoglobulins on OPCs in vivo and the detailed mechanisms of these effects may lead to new treatments for demyelinating diseases.
Exogenously delivered iPSCs disrupt the natural repair response of endogenous MPCs after bone injury
Authors: Ferrie Leah , Premnath Priyatha , Olsen Alexandra , Larijani Leila , Besler Bryce A. , Rancourt Derrick E. , Duncan Neil A. , Underhill T. Michael , Krawetz Roman J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPromoting bone healing including fracture non-unions are promising targets for bone tissue engineering due to the limited success of current clinical treatment methods. There has been significant research on the use of stem cells with and without biomaterial scaffolds to treat bone fractures due to their promising regenerative capabilities. However, the relative roles of exogenous vs. endogenous stem cells and their overall contribution to in vivo fracture repair is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between exogenous and endogenous stem cells during bone healing. This study was conducted using a standardized burr-hole bone injury model in a mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) lineage-tracing mouse under normal homeostatic and osteoporotic conditions. Burr-hole injuries were treated with a collagen-I biomaterial loaded with and without labelled induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Using lineage-tracing, the roles of exogenous and endogenous stem cells during bone healing were examined. It was observed that treatment with iPSCs resulted in muted healing compared to untreated controls in intact mice post-injury. When the cell populations were examined histologically, iPSC-treated burr-hole defects presented with a dramatic reduction in endogenous MPCs and cell proliferation throughout the injury site. However, when the ovaries were removed and an osteoporotic-like phenotype induced in the mice, iPSCs treatment resulted in increased bone formation relative to untreated controls. In the absence of iPSCs, endogenous MPCs demonstrated robust proliferative and osteogenic capacity to undertake repair and this behaviour was disrupted in the presence of iPSCs which instead took on an osteoblast fate but with little proliferation. This study clearly demonstrates that exogenously delivered cell populations can impact the normal function of endogenous stem/progenitor populations during the normal healing cascade. These interactions need to be better understood to inform cell and biomaterial therapies to treat fractures.
Blood viscosity associated with stroke mechanism and early neurological deterioration in middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis
Authors: Woo Ho Geol , Kim Hyug-Gi , Lee Kyung Mi , Ha Sang Hee , Jo HangJin , Heo Sung Hyuk , Chang Dae-il , Kim Bum Joon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBlood viscosity may affect the mechanisms of stroke and early neurological deterioration (END). We aimed to investigate the relationship between blood viscosity, stroke mechanisms, and END in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Patients with symptomatic MCA atherosclerosis (≥ 50% stenosis) were recruited. Blood viscosity was compared across patients with different mechanisms of symptomatic MCA disease: in situ thrombo-occlusion (sMCA-IST), artery-to-artery embolism (sMCA-AAE), and local branch occlusion (sMCA-LBO). END was defined as four points increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from baseline during the first week. The association between blood viscosity and END was also evaluated. A total of 360 patients (76 with sMCA-IST, 216 with sMCA-AAE, and 68 with sMCA-LBO) were investigated. Blood viscosity was highest in patients with sMCA-IST, followed by sMCA-AAE and sMCA-LBO (P < 0.001). Blood viscosity was associated with END in patients with MCA disease. Low shear viscosity was associated with END in patients with sMCA- LBO (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.524; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.035–2.246), sMCA- IST (aOR 1.365; 95% CI 1.013–1.839), and sMCA- AAE (aOR 1.285; 95% CI 1.010–1.634). Blood viscosity was related to END in patients with stroke caused by MCA disease.
Super-enhancer-associated gene CAPG promotes AML progression
Authors: Ma Qian , Zhao Minyi , Long Bing , Li Haixia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia is the most common acute leukemia in adults, the barrier of refractory and drug resistance has yet to be conquered in the clinical. Abnormal gene expression and epigenetic changes play an important role in pathogenesis and treatment. A super-enhancer is an epigenetic modifier that promotes pro-tumor genes and drug resistance by activating oncogene transcription. Multi-omics integrative analysis identifies the super-enhancer-associated gene CAPG and its high expression level was correlated with poor prognosis in AML. CAPG is a cytoskeleton protein but has an unclear function in AML. Here we show the molecular function of CAPG in regulating NF-κB signaling pathway by proteomic and epigenomic analysis. Knockdown of Capg in the AML murine model resulted in exhausted AML cells and prolonged survival of AML mice. In conclusion, SEs-associated gene CAPG can contributes to AML progression through NF-κB.
Y chromosome sequence and epigenomic reconstruction across human populations
Authors: Esteller-Cucala Paula , Palmada-Flores Marc , Kuderna Lukas F. K. , Fontsere Claudia , Serres-Armero Aitor , Dabad Marc , Torralvo María , Faella Armida , Ferrández-Peral Luis , Llovera Laia , Fornas Oscar , Julià Eva , Ramírez Erika , González Irene , Hecht Jochen , Lizano Esther , Juan David , Marquès-Bonet Tomàs 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent advances in long-read sequencing technologies have allowed the generation and curation of more complete genome assemblies, enabling the analysis of traditionally neglected chromosomes, such as the human Y chromosome (chrY). Native DNA was sequenced on a MinION Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing device to generate genome assemblies for seven major chrY human haplogroups. We analyzed and compared the chrY enrichment of sequencing data obtained using two different selective sequencing approaches: adaptive sampling and flow cytometry chromosome sorting. We show that adaptive sampling can produce data to create assemblies comparable to chromosome sorting while being a less expensive and time-consuming technique. We also assessed haplogroup-specific structural variants, which would be otherwise difficult to study using short-read sequencing data only. Finally, we took advantage of this technology to detect and profile epigenetic modifications among the considered haplogroups. Altogether, we provide a framework to study complex genomic regions with a simple, fast, and affordable methodology that could be applied to larger population genomics datasets.
Disentangling the relationships among abundance, invasiveness and invasibility in trait space
Authors: Hui Cang , Pyšek Petr , Richardson David M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIdentifying conditions and traits that allow an introduced species to grow and spread, from being initially rare to becoming abundant (defined as invasiveness), is the crux of invasion ecology. Invasiveness and abundance are related but not the same, and we need to differentiate these concepts. Predicting both species abundance and invasiveness and their relationship in an invaded community is highly contextual, being contingent on the community trait profile and its invasibility. We operationalised a three-pronged invasion framework that considers traits, environmental context, and propagule pressure. Specifically, we measure the invasiveness of an alien species by combining three components (performance reflecting environmental suitability, product of species richness and the covariance between interaction strength and species abundance, and community-level interaction pressure); the expected population growth rate of alien species simply reflects the total effect of propagule pressure and the product of their population size and invasiveness. The invasibility of a community reflects the size of opportunity niches (the integral of positive invasiveness in the trait space) under the given abiotic conditions of the environment. Both species abundance and the surface of invasiveness over the trait space can be dynamic and variable. Whether an introduced species with functional traits similar to those of an abundant species in the community exhibits high or low invasiveness depends largely on the kernel functions of performance and interaction strength with respect to traits and environmental conditions. Knowledge of the covariance between interaction strength and species abundance and these kernel functions, thus, holds the key to accurate prediction of invasion dynamics.
Multispectral Optical camera communication links based on spectral signature multiplexing
Authors: Moreno Daniel , Guerra Victor , Rufo Julio , Rabadan Jose , Perez‐Jimenez Rafael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptical camera communication is foreseen to have an essential role in future systems requiring wireless communication capability. In this regard, high‐spectral‐resolution cameras, such as multispectral (MS) cameras, present specific characteristics that can be exploited to provide new features to optical camera communication links. Using the MS cameras' features to take advantage of the light‐emitting diode (LED) behaviour in a novel communication scheme is focussed. Notably, LED spectral response curves are different when their temperature changes. Therefore, these differences can be detected based on the MS cameras' spectral resolution. Thus, more than one communication channel can be attained using the same LED device since the camera can distinguish the different LED spectral signatures. This new approach is analysed in this work, including some equalisation techniques applied to the channel matrix in the receiver to improve the extraction of the transmitted signal reducing the inter‐channel interference. For the specific MS camera employed in the experiments, up to two distinct channels could be obtained with the same transmitter at different temperatures, getting a bit error rate below the forward error correction limit. However, obtaining satisfactory results is highly dependent on the variation that temperature causes in the spectral signatures of the LEDs, so further experiments are recommended in future work with different devices.
Real‐time electro‐thermal modelling and predictive control design of resonant power converter in full electric vehicle applications
Authors: Dini Pierpaolo , Ariaudo Giorgio , Botto Gianluca , Greca Francesco La , Saponara Sergio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a resonant converter model is proposed that takes into account the thermal and electrical dynamics of the main components. With respect to state‐of‐art, where model‐based design approaches are often implemented off‐line, the proposed model has a low computational complexity such that it can be simulated in real‐time. This real‐time electro‐thermal model enables also the design of a predictive control algorithm, that is proposed to optimize the current control of a SiC‐based resonant converter by handling both thermal and electrical operating limits of its components. To validate the interaction between the converter model and the predictive control algorithm, validation is proposed via real‐time processor‐in‐the‐loop, with application to the on‐board charger for high‐voltage Li‐ion battery pack, typical of modern fully electrified vehicles.
Climate change impact assessment on groundwater level changes: A study of hybrid model techniques
Authors: Afrifa Stephen , Zhang Tao , Zhao Xin , Appiahene Peter , Yaw Mensah Samuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne of the most important sources of water supply is groundwater. However, the groundwater level (GWL) is significantly impacted by the global climate change. Therefore, under these more severe climate change conditions, the accurate and simple forecast of farmland GWL is a crucial component of agricultural water management. A hybrid model (HM) of Bayesian random forest (BRF), Bayesian support vector machine (BSVM), and Bayesian artificial neural network (BANN) is built in this study. The HM is made up of a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and three machine learning models: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network. These three HMs are employed to help automate logical inference and decision‐making in business intelligence for groundwater management. For this purpose, data on 8 separate climatic factors that impact GWL changes in the study area were acquired. Nine distinct farming communities' GWL change data were utilised as the dependent variables for each model fit (community data). The effectiveness of the HM techniques was assessed using the evaluation metrics of mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The model fit in Suhum had the greatest performance with the highest accuracy (R2 varied from 0.9051 to 0.9679) and the lowest error scores (RMSE ranged from 0.0653 to 0.0727, and MAE ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0541), according to the models' evaluation results. The BRF delivered the greatest results when compared to the two independent HMs, the BSVM and BANN. Future GWL and climatic variable data may be trained using the trained HM techniques to determine the effects of climate change. Farmers, businesses, and civil society organisations might benefit from continuous monitoring of GWL data and education on climate change to help control and prevent excessive deteriorations of global climate change on GWL.
Predictors of Delayed Hyponatraemia After Surgery for Pituitary
Tumour
Authors: Rajan Remya , Chacko Ari George , Verma Shivendra , Kapoor Nitin , Paul Thomas , Thomas Nihal , Jebasingh Felix , Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Sahu Shalini , Shyamasunder Asha Hesarghatta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDelayed hyponatraemia(DH) is a common complication following trans-sphenoidal
surgery(TSS) for pituitary tumour. We evaluated the prevalence of DH following
TSS, and assessed the factors associated with DH, including early post-operative
diabetes insipidus(EPDI). This retrospective study included 100 TSS for
pituitary tumours in 98 patients, over a period of 26 months. Subjects were
divided into two groups: those who developed hyponatraemia and those who did not
develop hyponatraemia, during post-operative days 4 to 14. The clinical
characteristics and peri-operative parameters were compared between the two
groups, to identify factors predicting DH. The mean age of the patients was
42.0±13.6 years, 58 (59%) were females and 61 (61%) had
functional tumours. Thirty-six patients(36%) developed DH following TSS
of whom majority(58%) were diagnosed on post-operative days 7 and 8;
only 8/36 (22%) were symptomatic. Syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone secretion(SIADH) was found to be the most common aetiology
of DH. On logistic regression analysis, intra-operative cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)
leak (OR 5.0; 95% CI 1.9–13.8; p=0.002), EPDI (OR 3.4;
95% CI 1.3–9.2; p=0.015) and peri-operative steroid use
(OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.3–9.8; p=0.014) were found to be
significantly associated with DH. In conclusion, EPDI, intra-operative CSF leak
and peri-operative steroid use were significant predictors of DH. EPDI predicts
moderate to severe hyponatraemia with 80% specificity but has low
sensitivity(47%). As most patients have asymptomatic hyponatraemia,
serum sodium measurement on POD 7 to 10 would be helpful to identify DH in
patients at increased risk.
Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: PS Veena , A. Sajeed , MH Geethi , Krishna K. M. Jagathnath , CD Sivananadan , S. Arun Sankar , S. Roshni , AL Lijeesh 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents about 15% of all lung cancers. Extensive stage (ES) SCLC represents around 60% of diagnosed SCLC cancers. The median survival in untreated ES SCLC is 2 to 4 months and that of treated cases is 8 to 13 months.
Aim and Objectives This retrospective analysis aims to find out the clinical outcome of patients with ES SCLC and the prognostic factors affecting their survival.
Methods Details of patients registered in the department of radiation oncology from January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2019 were retrieved from the hospital records. This includes the demographic characteristics, treatment received, toxicity, and follow-up details.
Results Two-hundred eighty-three patients were included. Median age of presentation was 62 years. Around 97.5% of patients were men. Smokers constitute 94% of all cases. About 86.9% (246 patients) of cases were not alive at the end of the study period. The median estimated overall survival (OS) was 7 months ± 0.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.026–7.974) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 5 months ± 0.535 (95% CI: 3.952–6.048). Multivariate analysis showed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), hyponatremia, number of chemotherapy cycles, consolidative radiotherapy (RT) and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) were found to have prognostic effect on OS. Smoking, ECOG PS, number of chemotherapy cycles, consolidative RT, and PCI were found to have prognostic effects on PFS.
Conclusion There is a difference in OS and PFS patterns of ES SCLC patients among various Indian studies even though the available data is scarce. Our study shows that the OS and PFS of our study population are comparable to other South Indian studies available. PS, serum sodium level, number of chemotherapy cycles, consolidative RT, and PCI were found to be independent prognostic factors for survival of ES SCLC. The identification of these factors will help physicians to tailor treatment.
Effect of Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure on HIF-1α, VEGF, and Angiogenesis in the Healing Process of Post-Tooth Extraction Sockets in Rats
Authors: Linawati Linawati , Sitam Suhardjo , Mulyawan Wawan , Purba Ambrosius , Syawqie Achmad , Handharyani Ekowati , Subiakto Yuli , Amaliya Amaliya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) exposure on the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) messenger RNA (mRNA), vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGF-a) mRNA, and angiogenesis after tooth extraction in rats.
Materials and Methods On 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats were performed the removal of the maxillary left first molar, and then they were randomly divided into 9 groups, namely: 4 groups that were exposed to IHH for 30 minutes every day in the Hypobaric Chamber at an altitude of 18,000 feet, with 1 time hypobaric hypoxia (HH), 3 times HH, 5 times HH, and 7 times HH; 4 normoxia groups that were terminated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after tooth extraction; and the 1 control group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction measured the molecular changes in the socket tissue after tooth extraction in rats to evaluate the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF mRNA. Histological changes with hematoxylin and eosin staining were noted to evaluate the amount of angiogenesis in the socket after tooth extraction. Molecular and histological parameters were calculated at the end of each experiment on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 after tooth extraction, which exhibited the improvement phase of the wound-healing process.
Results Increases in the expression of HIF-1α mRNA, VEGF mRNA, and angiogenesis were found in the IHH group compared with the normoxia group and the control group. The expression of HIF-1α mRNA increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the group after one time HH exposure on day 1, then decreased in the IHH group (three times HH exposure, five times HH exposure, and seven times HH exposure) approaching the control group. The expression of VEGF mRNA and angiogenesis began to increase after one time HH exposure on day 1, and increased again after three times HH exposure on day 3, then increased even more after five times HH exposure on day 5, and increased very significantly (**p < 0.05) after seven times HH exposure on day 7. It showed that repeated or intermittent exposure to HH conditions induced a protective response that made cells adapt under hypoxia conditions.
Conclusion IHH exposure accelerates the socket healing of post-tooth extraction, which is proven by changes in HIF-1α mRNA expression and increase in VEGF mRNA expression as stimuli for angiogenesis in post-tooth extraction sockets under hypobaric hypoxic condition, which also stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, thereby increasing blood supply and accelerating wound healing.
Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision making, laziness and safety in education
Authors: Ahmad Sayed Fayaz , Han Heesup , Alam Muhammad Mansoor , Rehmat Mohd. Khairul , Irshad Muhammad , Arraño-Muñoz Marcelo , Ariza-Montes Antonio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on loss in decision-making, laziness, and privacy concerns among university students in Pakistan and China. Like other sectors, education also adopts AI technologies to address modern-day challenges. AI investment will grow to USD 253.82 million from 2021 to 2025. However, worryingly, researchers and institutions across the globe are praising the positive role of AI but ignoring its concerns. This study is based on qualitative methodology using PLS-Smart for the data analysis. Primary data was collected from 285 students from different universities in Pakistan and China. The purposive Sampling technique was used to draw the sample from the population. The data analysis findings show that AI significantly impacts the loss of human decision-making and makes humans lazy. It also impacts security and privacy. The findings show that 68.9% of laziness in humans, 68.6% in personal privacy and security issues, and 27.7% in the loss of decision-making are due to the impact of artificial intelligence in Pakistani and Chinese society. From this, it was observed that human laziness is the most affected area due to AI. However, this study argues that significant preventive measures are necessary before implementing AI technology in education. Accepting AI without addressing the major human concerns would be like summoning the devils. Concentrating on justified designing and deploying and using AI for education is recommended to address the issue.