bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Patients on Mechanical Ventilation among Adult Intensive Care Units of Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia
Authors: Tsegay Kahsu , Teklu Tesfay , Debebe Finot , Beza Lemlem 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Mechanical ventilation is a supportive treatment for patients who are unable to maintain adequate oxygenation and/or removal of carbon dioxide. One of the most common indications of admission to the intensive care unit is the need for the ventilator support. Patients admitted to intensive care units who need mechanical ventilation had been higher mortality rates than those who do not require respiratory support. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical profile and outcomes of patients on mechanical ventilation among adult intensive care units of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study was employed using a principal investigator developed (PI) data extraction form. We reviewed retrospectively a one-year medical record of ventilated patient from September 1, 2018- August 30, 2019. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25. Description of median frequency and standard deviation (SD) on each variable were calculated. Multivarte logistic regression was assessed to association between dependent and independent variable.
Results
There were 693 patients admitted to AICU over the one year and 348(50.2%) were mechanically ventilated. The main source for admission was Adult emergency and operation room with same percent (37.6%). The main reason for ICU admission was respiratory (55.2%). The predominant indication of mechanical ventilation was respiratory failure (41.9%), neurological failure (36.7%) and sepsis (11.4%). Volume control ventilation was the most common initial mode of ventilation used. In multivariable regression analysis being medical diagnosis patients, multi organ dysfunction syndrome and sedation used were statistically positively associated with mortality at p-value of less than 0.05 with CI 95%.
Conclusions
The mortality rate of Adult patients on mechanical ventilation in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital was high. This high mortality rate suggesting an urgent need for extensive improvement in protocols for ICU set up.
Fish Sonar Image Recognition Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Xing Bowen , Sun Min , Ding Minyang , Han Chuang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fish stock assessment is crucial for sustainable marine fisheries management in rangeland ecosystems. To address the challenges posed by overfishing of offshore fish species and to facilitate comprehensive deep-sea resource evaluation, this paper introduces an improved fish sonar image detection algorithm based on You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5). Sonar image noise often results in blurred targets and indistinct features, thereby reducing the precision of object detection. Thus, the C3N module is designed in the neck component, where depth-separable convolution and an inverse bottleneck layer structure are integrated to lessen feature information loss during downsampling and forward propagation. Furthermore, A shallow feature layer is introduced in the network prediction layer to enhance feature extraction for pixels larger than 4x4. Additionally, Normalized Weighted Distance (NWD) based on a Gaussian distribution is combined with Intersection over Union (IOU) during gradient descent to improve small target detection and mitigate IOU's scale sensitivity. Finally, Traditional Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) is replaced with Soft-NMS, reducing missed detections due to occlusion and overlapping fish targets common in sonar datasets. Experiments show the improved model surpasses the original model and YOLOv3 with gains in precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP) of 2.3%, 4.7%, and 2.7%, respectively, and 2.5%, 6.3%, and 6.7%, respectively. These findings confirm the method's effectiveness in raising sonar image detection accuracy, consistent with model comparisons. With Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) advancements, this method holds the potential to support fish culture decision-making and facilitate fish stock resource assessment.
Comparative Analysis of Soft-Error Sensitivity in LU Decomposition Algorithms on Diverse GPUs
Authors: Leon German , Badia Jose M , Belloch Jose A , Lindoso Almudena , Entrena Luis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become integral to embedded systems and supercomputing centers due to their large memory, cutting-edge technology and high performace per watt. However, their susceptibility to transient errors necessitates a comprehensive analysis of error sensitivity, as well as the development of error mitigation techniques and fault-tolerant algorithms. This study focuses on evaluating the soft-error sensitivity of two distinct versions of LU decomposition algorithms implemented two on very different GPUs—a low-power SoC embedded GPU and a high-performance massively parallel GPU.Through extensive fault injection campaigns on both GPUs, we examine the vulnerability of the algorithms, identify error causes, and determine critical code components requiring enhanced protection. The experiments reveal that most single bit flip fault injections in the instruction results lead to erroneous outcomes or unrecoverable errors. Notably, efficient GPU resource utilization can increase the number of masked errors, thereby enhancing error resilience. Additionally, while different parts of the code exhibit similar error occurrence types and rates, the propagation of errors to elements within the result matrix differs significantly.
Berberis vulgaris L. extract supplementation exerts regulatory effects on the lifespan and healthspan of Drosophila through its antioxidant activity
Authors: Golubev Denis , Platonova Elena , Zemskaya Nadezhda , Shevchenko Oksana , Shaposhnikov Mikhail , Nekrasova Polina , Patov Sergey , Ibragimova Umida , Valuisky Nikita , Borisov Alexander , Zhukova Xenia , Sorokina Svetlana , Litvinov Roman , Moskalev Alexey 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Worldwide aging population continues to increase, so the concept of healthy longevity medicine has become increasingly significant in modern society. Berberis vulgaris L. fruits serve as a functional food supplement with a high concentration of bioactive compounds, which offer numerous health-promoting benefits. The goal of this study was to investigate the geroprotective effect of Berberis vulgaris L. extract. Here we show that extract of Berberis vulgaris L. can, depending on concentrate, increase lifespan up to 6%, promote healthspan (stress resistance up to 35%, locomotor activity up to 25%, integrity of the intestinal barrier up to 12%, metabolic rate up to 5%) of Drosophila melanogaster (in vitro) and exhibits antioxidant (using red blood cell tests) and antiglycation activity (using glycation of bovine serum albumin) (in vitro). In addition to this, the extract does not exhibit cytotoxic properties in vitro, unlike the well-known polyphenolic compound quercetin. qRT-PCR revealed the involvement of metabolic, heat shock response and lipid metabolism genes in the observed effects.
Measuring a Family Sense of Coherence: A Rasch-based Study Extending Dyadic Data Analyses
Authors: Möllerberg Marie-Louise , Årestedt Kristofer , Hagell Peter , Melin Jeanette 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Family sense of coherence (FSOC) seems to reduce distress in the family and promote the well-being of the family. Therefore, getting accurate measurements for families with long-term illnesses is of particular interest. This study aims to examine the measurement properties of the Family Sense of Coherence Short Scale (FSOC-S12) for two set-ups (dyadic- and single-informant perspectives) and to evaluate the relationship between the two set-ups and the consequences of their use.
Methods
Racked and stacked data from 151 dyads were analyzed according to the Rasch model.
Results
Notably, both set-ups showed measurement properties with minor deviations from the Rasch model according to fit statistics. However, most items had disordered thresholds and some problems with local dependency. Item hierarchies were similar in both set-ups and there was no differential item functioning (DIF) by role from the dyadic informant perspective. Four items showed DIF by informant role in the single-informant perspective.
Conclusions
The FSOC-S12 can be used to provide meaningful measures of the family’s view of the family’s ability as a whole (dyadic-informant perspective) or measures of the patient’s and family member’s own view of the family’s ability as a whole (single-informant perspective).
Landscape genetic analysis of population structure and barriers to gene flow in a managed forest range of boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)
Authors: Anderson Nicole , Thomson Ashley M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Reductions in gene flow due to anthropogenic habitat fragmentation are often associated with reduced genetic diversity and increased population structuring in wildlife populations. We assessed fine-scale population structure and barriers to gene flow in threatened boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in one of their southernmost ranges that contains both actively managed and unmanaged forests. A total of 763 non-invasively collected fecal DNA samples were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci. Genetic clustering algorithms failed to identify a biologically meaningful pattern of population substructure, consistent with the observed pattern of isolation by distance (IBD). Population graphs identified two sites at the southern range periphery as genetically isolated from the remainder of the range. At the range level, genetic differentiation among sampling locations was best predicted by a combination of wildfire disturbance and geographic distance. Overall, this study suggests that woodland caribou are weakly genetically differentiated across the Brightsand Range, with both isolation by distance and isolation by resistance contributing to variation in allele frequencies.
Predictors for the development of thromboembolic events in cancer patients treated with bevacizumab, ramucirumab, and aflibercept: a single-institution retrospective analysis
Authors: Kanbayashi Yuko , Ishikawa Takeshi , Otsuji Eigo , Takayama Koichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The risk of thromboembolic events developing limits the dose of anti-angiogenic agents, thereby reducing their efficacy. This retrospective study therefore sought to identify predictors for the development of anti-angiogenic agent-induced thromboembolic events and to elucidate whether differences in the likelihood of thromboembolic events exist between different anti-angiogenic agents or cancer types, to guide future strategies for optimizing safety, efficacy, and quality of life in patients receiving chemotherapy.
Methods
This study retrospectively investigated 468 cancer patients who received chemotherapy with bevacizumab, ramucirumab, or aflibercept at our outpatient chemotherapy center between December 2016 and April 2022. Variables related to the development of thromboembolic events were extracted from the medical records and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for the development of thromboembolic events. The Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis test was used to detect significant differences between groups.
Results
Significant factors included serum albumin level (odds ratio [OR] 0.363, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.193–0.685; P = 0.0017) and diabetes mellitus (OR 5.356, 95%CI 1.711–16.769; P = 0.0039). No difference in the development of thromboembolic events was evident between cancer types (P = 0.0781), but differences were identified between the three anti-angiogenic agents (P= 0.0132).
Conclusion
Serum albumin level and diabetes mellitus were identified as significant predictors for the development of anti-angiogenic agent-induced thromboembolic events.In addition, the likelihood of thromboembolic events did not differ between cancer types, but did differ between antiangiogenic agents.
Implementation of coherent one way protocol for quantum key distribution up to an effective distance of 145 km
Authors: Malpani Priya , Kumar Satish , Pathak Anirban 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

It’s well known that many of the traditional cryptographic schemes (like RSA and DH) will be vulnerable when scalable quantum computers will be available. However, quantum cryptographic protocols can provide unconditional security. One such protocol for unconditionally secure quantum key distribution (QKD) is coherent one way (COW) protocol. In the present work, we report experimental realization of an optical fiber based COW protocol for QKD in the telecom wavelength (1550 nm) where the attenuation in the optical fiber is minimum. A laser of 1550 nm wavelength, attenuator and intensity modulator is used for the generation of pulses having average photon number 0.5 and repetition rate of 500 MHz. The experiment is performed over 40 km, 80 km and 120 km of optical fiber and several experimental parameters like disclose rate, compression ratio, dead time and excess bias voltage of the detector are varied for all the cases (i.e., for 40 km, 80 km and 120 km distances) to observe their impact on the final key rate. Specifically, It is observed that there is a linear increase in the key rate as we decrease compression ratio or disclose rate. The key rate obtains its maximum value for least permitted values of disclose rate, compression ratio and dead time. It seems to remain stable for various values of excess bias voltage. While changing various parameters, we have maintained the quantum bit error rate (QBER) below 6% (5%) for distance ≥ 120 km (≤ 120 km). The key rate obtained is also found to remain stable over time. Experimental results obtained here are also compared with the earlier realizations of the COW QKD protocol. Further, to emulate key rate at intermediate distances and at a distance larger than 120 km, an attenuator of 5 dB loss is used which can be treated as equivalent to ∼ 25 km of the optical fiber used in the present implementation. This has made the present implementation equivalent to the realization of COW QKD upto ∼ 145 km.
The Preponderance of Electric Vehicles and the Availability of “Green” Electricity
Authors: MODIS THEODORE 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The main advantage of electric vehicles, namely, their non-polluting operation, is compromised when the electricity they use comes from burning fossil fuels. The number of electric vehicles on the road is growing much faster than the amount of “green” electricity produced. It is forecasted that in 2037 the number of electric vehicles on the road will need an amount of electricity equal to the entire “green” electricity produced at that time. Therefore, “green” operation of electric vehicles entering the market after 2037 will be impossible. The sales of hydrogen-burning vehicles are poised to overtake the sales of electric vehicles in 2041, but a non-polluting overall operation for them is not guaranteed either at this time.
Covariate Measurement Error in Spatial Analysis of Count Data
Authors: Rana Masud , Khan Shahedul , Pahwa Punam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Measurement error arises whenever we fail to observe precisely one or more variables of interest. Covariate measurement error violates the standard assumption that covariates are fixed and accurately measured, resulting in biased parameter estimates and inflated variance estimates in a regression modeling setup. Adjustment to address this data limitation is necessary; otherwise, covariate effects may be underestimated or undetected in a regression analysis. The primary objective of this study is to develop methods for spatially correlated data, considering measurement error in covariates. To achieve our objectives, we consider the BYM2 model (an extension of the well-known Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) model), which takes into account both structured variation due to spatial adjacency of the units and unstructured variation due to random noise from the observed data. Although computationally intensive, the approach is highly efficient for spatial data analysis. We propose an extension of this methodology for error-prone covariates. We develop a Bayesian framework of the BYM2 model, with the error-prone covariates adjusted via two popular measurement error assumptions, namely, the Berkson measurement error model and the classical measurement error model. Our simulation study demonstrates that the use of a measurement error model for an error-prone covariate in the BYM2 model has the advantage of producing a superior fit. We also conclude that a BYM2 model without considering covariate measurement error may lead to highly biased estimates for certain parameters. Finally, we illustrate the application of the proposed methodology with an analysis of obesity data for 117 health regions across Canada.
Photoresist deposition and nickel electrodeposition for metallic substrate microfabrication with nickel lines
Authors: Morales-Carbajal Ricardo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Metallic masters can be used as a metallic mold to replicate polymeric pieces with high resolution. Metallic masters with high resolution were created by photolithography technique and nickel electrodeposition technique. AZ 9260 photoresists and SPR 220-7.0 photoresists were used to coat metallic substrates and to compare results. Steel substrate and nickel substrate were used as the metallic substrate to compare results. Two different nickel electrodeposition protocols were used to compare results. In the conclusion section, was determined the best photoresist, metallic substrate, and nickel electrodeposition protocol to fabricate metallic masters.
On the role of aortic valve architecture for physiological haemodynamics and valve replacement. Part II: spectral analysis and anisotropy
Authors: Corso Pascal , Obrist Dominik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Severe aortic valve stenosis can lead to heart failure and aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the primary treatment. However, increasing prevalence of aortic stenosis cases reveal limitations in current replacement options, necessitating improved prosthetic aortic valves. In this study, we investigate flow disturbances downstream of severe aortic stenosis and two bioprosthetic aortic valve (BioAV) designs using advanced energy-based analyses. Spectral analysis shows kinetic energy (KE) decay variations, with the stenotic case aligning with Kolmogorov’s theory, while BioAVs differ. We explore the impact of flow helicity on KE transfer and decay in BioAVs. Probability distributions of modal KE anisotropy unveil flow asymmetries in the stenotic and one BioAV case. Moreover, an inverse correlation between modal KE anisotropy and normalised helicity intensity is noted, with the coefficient of determination varying among the valve configurations. Leaflet dynamics analysis highlights a stronger correlation between flow and biomechanical KE anisotropy in one BioAV due to higher leaflet displacement magnitude. These findings emphasise the role of valve architecture in aortic turbulence and its significance for BioAV performance and energy-based design optimisation.
Exposure to multiple heavy metals is associated with hypertension: A cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Gou Ruoyu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background: Heavy metals may play an important role in hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hypertension and exposure to manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and antimony (Sb).
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 3,446 subjects was conducted. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between each metal exposure and risk of hypertension. The potential heterogeneity of groups according to sex, age and smoking status was investigated, and metal mixtures and interactions were assessed by Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR).
Results: The logistic regression analysis identified Cu ([OR]=7.796, 95% [CI]: 3.395-17.903, P <0.001) and Cd (OR=1.894, 95% CI: 1.385-2.592, P <0.001) as risk factors for hypertension. The BKMR analysis indicated that all heavy metals had a complex, nonlinear exposure-response relationship with the risk of hypertension in participants aged 60-99; the stratified analysis of all Cu levels also showed a complex nonlinear relationship. The stratified analysis revealed a significant correlation between the plasma levels of heavy metals and risk of hypertension aged 30-59, nonsmokers, and women. We did not observe any interaction between the hypertensive status of study participants and exposure to the metals, but the logistic regression model revealed possible interactions; we provide explanations for these results.
Conclusion: Plasma Cu and Cd levels were positively correlated with risk of hypertension when the metal levels were assessed individually or in combination and may be risk factors for hypertension. Future cohort studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are necessary to confirm these associations.
Males of the invasive bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) as a source of aggregation pheromone: results of a field experiment
Authors: Баранчиков Ю.Н. , Демидко Д.А. , Ефременко А.А. 
Published: September 2023

Полевой эксперимент с использованием феромонных ловушек со строящими гнезда жуками уссурийского полиграфа подтвердил наличие у этого вида агрегационного феромона: чурбачки с самцами и с парами самец + самка привлекали в ловушку достоверно больше жуков обоих полов полиграфа. Максимальной привлекательностью обладали чурбачки с самцами. Чурбачки с самцами и самками привлекали в среднем в 2,5 раз меньше жуков. Чурбачки с самками и без насекомых по привлекательности не отличались от пустых (контрольных) ловушек. Таким образом, основным источником агрегационного феромона у уссурийского полиграфа являются жуки-самцы. Причины отличий результатов авторов от опубликованных ранее другими авторами заключаются, по-видимому, в особенностях поведенческих реакций жуков полиграфа на различия в концентрациях испускаемого феромона в природе и в ограниченном пространстве лабораторного эксперимента.
A field experiment using pheromone traps with nest-building beetles of the four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) confirmed the presence of an aggregation pheromone in this species: wood blocks with males and with male + female pairs attracted significantly more beetles of both sexes into the trap. Wood blocks with males had the maximum attractiveness. Wood blocks with males and females attracted in average 2.5 times less beetles. Wood blocks with females and without insects did not differ in attractiveness from empty (control) traps. Thus, male beetles are the main source of aggregation pheromone in the four-eyed fir bark beetle. The reasons for the differences between our results and those previously published by other authors seem to lie in the behavioral responses ofP. proximus beetles to differences in the concentrations of the emitted pheromone in nature and in the limited space of a laboratory experiment.