bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of online faculty calibration: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Biorn Camille M. , Rogo Ellen J. , Williams Rachelle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeDental hygiene faculty members must be able to provide evidence of skill calibration for clinical evaluation of students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of online instructional videos as compared to in‐person sessions for faculty calibration.MethodsA randomised crossover pretest/posttest research design was used to evaluate online and in‐person faculty calibration activities. Fifteen faculty members from a baccalaureate dental hygiene programme were randomly assigned to an AB or BA sequence for calibration sessions on two different instruments. Following a 2‐week washout period, the groups switched activity modalities. A pretest, posttest and retention test, administered 10 weeks following the activity, were administered to determine learning levels and the new and retained knowledge. A 7‐point Likert scale questionnaire evaluated the reaction to and impact of the calibration activities. Descriptive statistics analysed demographic and Likert scale data. Paired samples t‐tests were used to analyse the research questions (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsOnline calibration activities yielded higher posttest scores than in‐person activities (p = 0.01). Findings related to feelings of confidence revealed that a greater percentage of participants agreed that online calibration activities increased their ability to evaluate student performance. Findings related to feelings of preparedness supported equal percentages of participants who agreed the online and in‐person activities increased their ability to teach dental hygiene instrumentation. There was no significant difference between in‐person and online retention test scores (p = 0.235).ConclusionFaculty members agreed that both online and in‐person calibration activities were an effective use of their time and contributed to greater feelings of confidence and preparedness. However, the online calibration activities seemed to be more effective at increasing calibration on instrumentation. More research is needed to determine additional effective strategies for the online calibration of clinical faculty.
Quality outcomes for end‐of‐life care among people with haematological malignancies at a New Zealand cancer centre
Authors: Kim Ann , O'Callaghan Anne , Hemmaway Claire , Johney Leslie , Ho Jess 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the end‐of‐life (EOL) experience and specialist palliative care use patterns of patients with haematological malignancies (HMs) in New Zealand.AimsThis retrospective analysis sought to examine the quality of EOL care received by people with HMs under the care of Auckland District Health Board Cancer Centre's haematology service and compare it to international data where available.MethodsOne hundred consecutive adult patients with HMs who died on or before 31 December 2019 were identified. We collected information on EOL care quality indicators, including anticancer treatment use and acute healthcare utilisation in the last 30 days of life, place of death and rate and timing of specialist palliative care input.ResultsDuring the final 14 and 30 days of life, 15% and 27% of the patients received anticancer therapy respectively. Within 30 days of death, 22% had multiple hospitalisations and 25% had an intensive care unit admission. Death occurred in an acute setting for 42% of the patients. Prior contact with hospital and/or community (hospice) specialist palliative care service was noted in 80% of the patients, and 67% had a history of hospice enrolment. Among them, 15% and 28% started their enrolment in their last 3 and 7 days of life respectively.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the intensity of acute healthcare utilisation at the EOL and high rates of death in the acute setting in this population. The rate of specialist palliative care access was relatively high when compared with international experiences, with relatively fewer late referrals.
Social network analysis of EU flood risk management plans: Case Finland
Authors: Banafa Thomas , Eräranta Susa , Peltonen Lasse , Keskinen Marko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFlood risks are increasing in Europe, and the EU Floods Directive is one of the main efforts to implement and harmonize effective flood risk governance and management among member states. At the same time, the ongoing shift from mere flood protection to multi‐functional flood risk governance calls for increased collaboration among a diversity of actors, typically with varying interests and responsibilities. In this study, we analyze the actor networks unfolding from flood risk management plans to visualize the diversity of roles and connections between actors participating in flood risk management measures. We introduce a new framework for analyzing flood risk management plans and related actor networks using Social Network Analysis and test it in the context of Finland. The framework helps to visualize the diversity of networks for different flood risk management strategies. The analysis also reveals the central roles that different types of actors—including those outside the public sector—occupy in the network. The findings suggest that Social Network Analysis can be used in the context of EU flood risk governance and that flood risk management plans offer an excellent opportunity for comparative governance studies in the EU.
The virtual brain endocast of Trogosus (Mammalia, Tillodontia) and its relevance in understanding the extinction of archaic placental mammals
Authors: Bertrand Ornella C. , Jiménez Lao Marina , Shelley Sarah L. , Wible John R. , Williamson Thomas E. , Meng Jin , Brusatte Stephen L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAfter successfully diversifying during the Paleocene, the descendants of the first wave of mammals that survived the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction waned throughout the Eocene. Competition with modern crown clades and intense climate fluctuations may have been part of the factors leading to the extinction of these archaic groups. Why these taxa went extinct has rarely been studied from the perspective of the nervous system. Here, we describe the first virtual endocasts for the archaic order Tillodontia. Three species from the middle Eocene of North America were analyzed: Trogosus hillsii, Trogosus grangeri, and Trogosus castoridens. We made morphological comparisons with the plaster endocast of another tillodont, Tillodon fodiens, as well as groups potentially related to Tillodontia: Pantodonta, Arctocyonidae, and Cimolesta. Trogosus shows very little inter‐specific variation with the only potential difference being related to the fusion of the optic canal and sphenorbital fissure. Many ancestral features are displayed by Trogosus, including an exposed midbrain, small neocortex, orbitotemporal canal ventral to rhinal fissure, and a broad circular fissure. Potential characteristics that could unite Tillodontia with Pantodonta, and Arctocyonidae are the posterior position of cranial nerve V3 exit in relation to the cerebrum and the low degree of development of the subarcuate fossa. The presence of large olfactory bulbs and a relatively small neocortex are consistent with a terrestrial lifestyle. A relatively small neocortex may have put Trogosus at risk when competing with artiodactyls for potentially similar resources and avoiding predation from archaic carnivorans, both of which are known to have had larger relative brain and neocortex sizes in the Eocene. These factors may have possibly exacerbated the extinction of Tillodontia, which showed highly specialized morphologies despite the increase in climate fluctuations throughout the Eocene, before disappearing during the middle Eocene.
The outer membrane protein Tp92 of Treponema pallidum delays human neutrophil apoptosis via the ERK, PI3K/Akt, and NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Li Weiwei , Li Sijia , Wang Jianye , Yu Maoying , Yang Hongyu , He Zhangping , Tang Yuanyuan , Liu Jie , Guo Ningyuan , Xie Dongde , Liu Zhaoping , Zheng Kang , Xu Man , Wu Yimou 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSyphilis is a persistent sexually transmitted disease caused by infiltration of the elusive pathogen Treponema pallidum. Despite the prevalence of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (hPMNs) within cutaneous lesions, which are characteristic of incipient syphilis, their role in T. pallidum infection remains unclear. Tp92 is the only T. pallidum helical outer membrane protein that exhibits structural features similar to those of outer membrane proteins in other gram‐negative bacteria. However, the functional mechanism of this protein in immune cells remains unclear. Neutrophils are short‐lived cells that undergo innate apoptosis in response to external stimuli that typically influence this process. In this study, we determined that Tp92 impedes the activation of procaspase‐3 via the ERK MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF‐κB signaling pathways, consequently suppressing caspase‐3 activity within hPMNs, and thereby preventing hPMNs apoptosis. Furthermore, Tp92 could also modulate hPMNs apoptosis by enhancing the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Mcl‐1, stimulating IL‐8 secretion, and preserving the mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying T. pallidum infection and suggest potential therapeutic targets for syphilis treatment.
Toward an ontology of the mutant in the health sciences: Re/defining the person from Cronenberg's perspective
Authors: Holmes Dave , Turcotte Pier‐Luc , Adam Simon , Johansson Jim , Orser Lauren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraditional health sciences (including nursing) paradigms, conceptual models, and theories have relied heavily upon notions of the ‘person’ or ‘patient’ that are deeply rooted in humanistic principles. Our intention here, as a collective academic assemblage, is to question taken‐for‐granted definitions and assumptions of the ‘person’ from a critical posthumanist perspective. To do so, the cinematic works of filmmaker David Cronenberg offer a radical perspective to revisit our understanding of the ‘person’ in nursing and beyond. Cronenberg's work explores bodily transformation and mutation, with the body as a fragile and malleable vessel. Cronenberg's work allows us to interrogate the body in all its complexity, contingency, and hybridity and provides avenues of rupture within current understandings of ‘the person’. Reinventing the definition of what it means to be human, critical posthumanism offers opportunities to both critique humanist theories and build affirmative futurities. Also drawing on the work of Deleuze and Guattari, specifically, their concept of becoming, we propose a critical posthumanist alternative to the conceptualization of the person in the health sciences, that of the becoming‐mutant, so frequently explored in Cronenberg's films. Such a conceptualization permits the inclusion of various technological interventions of the contemporary subject: The postperson. This position offers the health science disciplines a radical reconceptualization of the conceptual and theoretical approaches, extending beyond those trapped within the quagmire of humanistic principles.
The role of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in passive suicide ideation among Latinx and Black youth
Authors: Vélez‐Grau Carolina , McTernan Melissa , Mufson Laura , Lindsey Michael A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS) is used to evaluate suicide risk. Yet, it has not been sufficiently tested with ethnoracially minoritized youth. This study aimed to test whether thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) were associated with passive suicide ideation (SI) among Latinx and Black youth.MethodsData were obtained from a cross‐sectional study. Some youth participants were recruited from an ongoing NIMH study of depressed Black youth in schools (N = 20). The rest were participants in a supplemental study of non‐depressed Latinx and Black youth in community agencies (N = 61). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between passive SI and the IPTS constructs.ResultsMost participants identified as male (63.5%) and Latinx (59.5%), mean age 15.23 (SD = 1.4). Only TB remained significant when adjusting for age and gender, even after adding a measure of depression symptoms as a covariate. Notably, the interaction term (TBXPB) was not significantly associated with increased odds of passive SI in this sample.ConclusionThese findings confirm the importance of examining the IPTS constructs and their relationship to passive SI in diverse populations. The relationship between TB and SI in Latinx and Black youth suggests it may be an important target for suicide prevention.
Was ist das? Martin Luther's catechism and pedagogical methods in the contemporary theological classroom
Authors: Westengard Brandon L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMartin Luther is primarily known as a pastor and theologian of the 16th century Reformation. However, he was also a pedagogue passionate about educational reforms that united the spiritual life with the daily lived life. Believing that education served the purpose of equipping students for a life in service of one's neighbor, Luther took a practical and spiritual approach to critically engage content and even left space for teachers to differentiate based on their students' needs. This article provides a close look at the pedagogy and curriculum Luther outlines in the introduction to his Small Catechism and seeks to provide a creative adaptation to the contemporary theological/religious classroom. In the hopes that Luther's method can be of help in a variety of settings and spiritual traditions, the primary teaching method is driven by inquiry and the catechetical question “what is this?”
A retrospective evaluation of phenobarbital‐induced hematologic changes in 69 cats
Authors: Dohány Anna , Guija‐de‐Arespacochaga Abigail , Fux Daniela , Silberbauer Christina , Pákozdy Ákos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhenobarbital (PB) is used as a first‐line treatment for recurrent epileptic seizures in cats. While hematologic abnormalities are well‐known side effects of antiepileptic therapy with PB in humans and dogs, little is known about such alterations in cats.ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of cytopenia during PB treatment in cats.MethodsIn this single‐center, retrospective clinical study, 69 cats—with suspected idiopathic epilepsy admitted to the Small Animal Clinic of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna (VMU)—were included. A complete blood count for each patient was performed, and changes in hematocrit, leukocytes, neutrophils, and thrombocytes were documented and graded.ResultsFifty‐three out of 69 cats (76.8%) showed cytopenias with a reduction of at least one cell fraction during PB treatment. The most frequent change was neutropenia (60%), followed by leukopenia (49.3%), thrombocytopenia (24.1%), and anemia (20.3%). Most of the changes were mild or moderate; only one patient (1.5%) showed severe leukopenia and neutropenia, and one was a life‐threatening neutropenia (1.5%) with a serum PB concentration within or even below the therapeutic range. These patients did not present with clinical symptoms other than those related to epileptic episodes. Cats who received combination therapy showed lower hematocrits than those who received monotherapy. A tendency for leukocytes and neutrophils to decrease during PB treatment was also seen.ConclusionsBlood cytopenias may frequently occur in cats on chronic PB therapy, even when serum drug levels are within the therapeutic range. However, clinical signs are typically mild to moderate and rarely severe.
The mega‐evolution of life with its three memory systems depends on sender–receiver communication and problem‐solving. A narrative review
Authors: De Loof Arnold 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt should be the ultimate goal of any theory of evolution to delineate the contours of an integrative system to answer the question: How does life (in all its complexity) evolve (which can be called mega‐evolution)? But how to plausibly define ‘life’? My answer (1994–2023) is: ‘life’ sounds like a noun, but denotes an activity, and thus is a verb. Life (L) denotes nothing else than the total sum (∑) of all acts of communication (transfer of information) (C) executed by any type of senders–receivers at all their levels (up to at least 15) of compartmental organization: L = ∑C. The ‘communicating compartment’ is better suited to serve as the universal unit of structure, function and evolution than the cell, the smallest such unit. By paying as much importance to communication activity as to the Central Dogma of molecular biology, a wealth of new insights unfold. The major ones are as follows. (1) Living compartments have not only a genetic memory (DNA), but also a still enigmatic cognitive and an electrical memory system (and thus a triple memory system). (2) Complex compartments can have up to three types of progeny: genetic descendants/children, pupils/learners and electricians. (3) Of particular importance to adaptation, any act of communication is a problem‐solving act because all messages need to be decoded. Hence through problem‐solving that precedes selection, life itself is the driving force of its own evolution (a very clever but counterintuitive and unexpected logical deduction). Perhaps, this is the ‘vital force’ philosopher and Nobel laureate (in 1927) Henri Bergson searched for but did not find.
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Detection of Two New RRATs at 111 MHz
Authors: Samodurov V. A. , Tyul’bashev S. A. , Toropov M. O. , Dolgushev A. V. , Oreshko V. V. , Logvinenko S. V. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
At the LPA LPI radio telescope, a search was conducted for pulse signals in a specific area with declinations $$ + 52^\circ < \delta < + 55^\circ $$. The processing involved ten months of observations recorded in six frequency channels, each with a channel width of 415 kHz and a total bandwidth of 2.5 MHz. The analysis of the data revealed 22 000 events, exhibiting a pronounced dispersion delay of signals over the frequency channels, which are indicative of pulsar pulses. These pulses were found to belong to four known pulsars and two new rotating radio transients (RRAT). Additional pulse search was carried out in 32-channel data with a channel width of 78 kHz. This led to the discovery of 8 pulses for the transient J0249+52 and 7 pulses for the transient J0744+55. No periodic emission of transients was detected. The analysis of the observations indicates a high probability that the identified RRATs are pulsars with nullings, where the fraction of nullings is greater than 99.9%.
Aetiology, ejection fraction and mortality in chronic heart failure: a mediation analysis
Authors: Fritz Josef , Belovari Katrin , Ulmer Hanno , Zaruba Marc-Michael , Messner Moritz , Ungericht Maria , Siebert Uwe , Ruschitzka Frank , Bauer Axel , Poelzl Gerhard 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveClinical decision making in chronic heart failure (CHF) is based primarily on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and only secondarily on aetiology of the underlying disease. Our aim was to investigate the mediating role of LVEF in the relationship between aetiology and mortality.MethodsUsing data of 2056 Austrian patients with CHF (mean age 57.2 years; mean follow-up 8.8 years), effects of aetiology on LVEF and overall mortality were estimated using multivariable-adjusted linear and Cox regression models. In causal mediation analyses, we decomposed the total effect of aetiology on mortality into direct and indirect (mediated through LVEF) effects.ResultsFor the analysed aetiologies (dilated (DCM, n=1009) and hypertrophic (HCM, n=89) cardiomyopathy; ischaemic (IHD, n=529) and hypertensive (HHD, n=320) heart disease; cardiac amyloidosis (CA, n=109)), the effect of LVEF on mortality was similar (HR5%-points lower LVEF=1.07, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.10; pinteraction=0.718). HCM and CA were associated with significantly higher, and IHD and DCM with significantly lower LVEF compared with other aetiologies. Compared with respective other aetiologies, the corresponding total effect HRs for mortality were 0.77 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.89), 0.47 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.88), 1.40 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.62), 0.79 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.95) and 2.36 (95% CI 1.81 to 3.08) for DCM, HCM, IHD, HHD and CA, respectively. CA had the highest mortality despite a HRindirect effectof 0.74 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.83). For all other aetiologies, <20% of the total mortality effects were mediated through LVEF.ConclusionsThe direct effect of aetiology on mortality dominates the indirect effect through LVEF. Therefore, clarification of aetiology is as important as measurement of LVEF.
Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and follicular lymphoma risk: a family case–control study
Authors: Odutola Michael K , van Leeuwen Marina T , Bruinsma Fiona J , Benke Geza , Turner Michelle C , Trotman Judith , Turner Jennifer , Seymour John F , Prince H Miles , Milliken Samuel T , Tiley Campbell , Hertzberg Mark , Roncolato Fernando , Opat Stephen , Lindeman Robert , Verner Emma , Underhill Craig R , Cardis Elisabeth , Giles Graham , Vajdic Claire M 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the relationship between occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) and follicular lymphoma (FL) risk.MethodsWe conducted a family case–control study between 2011 and 2016 in Australia and included 681 cases. Controls were either a family member of cases (related (n=294), unrelated (n=179)) or were unrelated recruited for a similarly designed Australian multiple myeloma study (n=711). We obtained detailed job histories using lifetime work calendars. We assigned exposure to ELF-MFs using an enhanced job exposure matrix, with a lag period of 10 years. We examined associations with FL risk using logistic regression accounting for relatedness between cases and controls. We performed sensitivity analyses including by control type, by sex, complete case analyses, ELF-MF exposure percentiles in addition to quartiles, ELF-MF exposure in the maximum exposed job, a shorter lag period (1 year) and the cumulative exposure in the most recent time period (1–9 years).ResultsWe observed no association with the average intensity, duration or lifetime cumulative exposure to occupational ELF-MF exposure in the primary or sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsOur findings do not support an association between occupational ELF-MF exposure and FL risk. Although the inclusion of family members as part of the larger control group may have biased our risk estimates towards the null, findings were similar in sensitivity analyses restricted to cases and unrelated controls. Further research incorporating enhanced exposure assessment to ELF-MF is warranted to inform occupational safety regulations and any potential role in lymphomagenesis.