bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nondestructive and high‐resolution monitoring of inflammation‐type skull defects regeneration on adult zebrafish with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Gao Weijian , Zhang Yiqing , Zhang Yuanhan , Yuan Zishan , Chen Keer , Xie Weilin , Li Dan , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOptimized animal models and effective imaging techniques are exceedingly important to study cranial defects in bone loss due to chronic inflammation. In this study, the assessment procedure on a zebrafish inflammation‐type skull defects model was monitored in vivo with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), and the efficacy of etidronate disodium in bone regeneration was assessed. An acute skull defect injury model was established in adult zebrafish using a stereotaxic craniotomy device. SD‐OCT imaging was performed immediately following the mechanical injury. Both SD‐OCT and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated an increase in inflammation‐induced skull destruction within 5 days, which was confirmed by pathological experiments.
Isoquercitrin promotes ferroptosis and oxidative stress in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the AMPK/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Luo Xinggu , Gong Yongqian , Jiang Qingshan , Wang Qin , Li Songtao , Liu Lijun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIsoquercitrin has been discovered with various biological properties, including anticancer, anti‐inflammation, antioxidation, and neuroprotection. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of isoquercitrin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to disclose its potential regulating mechanisms. CNE1 and HNE1 cells were treated with various concentrations of isoquercitrin. Ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1, a ferroptosis inhibitor) and alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA, an activator of the AMP‐activated protein kinase [AMPK] pathway) treatments were conducted to verify the effects of isoquercitrin, respectively. Cell viability, proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and lipid peroxidation were determined, respectively. GPX4 expression and ferroptosis‐ and pathway‐related protein expression were measured. A xenograft tumor model was constructed by subcutaneously inoculating CNE1 cells into the middle groin of each mouse. We found that the IC50 values of CNE1 and HNE1 cells were 392.45 and 411.38 μM, respectively. CNE1 and HNE1 viability and proliferation were both markedly reduced with the increasing concentration of isoquercitrin. ROS generation and lipid peroxidation were both enhanced with declined ferroptosis‐related markers under isoquercitrin treatment. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway, the AMPK pathway, and the interleukin (IL)‐1β expression were all markedly suppressed by isoquercitrin. Moreover, isoquercitrin restrained the tumor growth and enhanced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in vivo. Interestingly, both Fer‐1 and ALA treatments distinctly offset isoquercitrin‐induced effects in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicated that isoquercitrin might enhance oxidative stress and ferroptosis in NPC via AMPK/NF‐κB p65 inhibition.
Transfer of functions based on equivalence class formation using musical stimuli
Authors: Martins Thiago H. S. , Rodrigues Raone M. , Araújo Felipe C. O. , Cedro Átila M. , Bortoloti Renato , Varella André A. B. , Huziwara Edson M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEmpirical evidence has supported that musical excerpts written in major and minor modes are responsible for evoking happiness and sadness, respectively. In this study, we evaluated whether the emotional content evoked by musical stimuli would transfer to abstract figures when they became members of the same equivalence class. Participants assigned to the experimental group were submitted to a training procedure to form equivalence classes comprising musical excerpts (A) and meaningless abstract figures (B, C, and D). Afterward, transfer of function was evaluated using a semantic differential. Participants in the control group showed positive semantic differential scores for major mode musical excerpts, negative scores for minor mode musical excerpts, and neutral scores for the B, C, and D stimuli. Participants in the experimental groups showed positive semantic differential scores for visual stimuli equivalent to the major modes and negative semantic differential scores for visual stimuli equivalent to the minor modes. These results indicate transfer of function of emotional content present in musical stimuli through equivalence class formation. These findings could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of using emotional stimuli in equivalence class formation experiments and in transfer of function itself.
Liver stereotactic body radiation therapy without fiducial or retained ethiodized oil guidance warrants greater than 5 mm planning target volumes
Authors: Breazeale Alec , Rahmani Ramtin , Gallagher Kyle , Nabavizadeh Nima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionFor liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), the placement of fiducial markers or retained ethiodized oil by transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) provides a landmark for consistent target localisation. TACE and fiducial markers are invasive procedures that harbour additional risks. We hypothesise that liver SBRT can be accurately delivered without the use of these invasive surrogate markers.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 50 consecutive patients who underwent liver SBRT with respiratory motion management to a single lesion which exhibited retained ethiodized oil per prior TACE delivery. For each SBRT fraction, two manual rigid image registrations were performed by the treating physician. One using the liver contour as a surrogate for the target and second aligning only to the radio‐opaque retained ethiodized oil of the treated lesion. The magnitude of the displacement vector between the two registration methods was used to assess the accuracy of target localisation if ethiodized oil was not present.ResultsFor the 50 patients, a total of 244 analysable cone‐beam CTs (CBCTs) were included (six CBCTs excluded due to poor ethiodized oil visualisation). Respiratory motion management techniques consisted of active breathing control for 13 and abdominal compression for 37 patients. Forty‐two patients had peripheral lesions and eight had central lesions (<2 cm from left and right portal veins). The average target localisation offset between the two registration methods (i.e. liver contour vs. retained ethiodized oil alignment) for patients with a single peripheral or central liver lesion was 5.8 and 5.3 mm, respectively.ConclusionsAcross all patients, the average change in target position exceeded 5 mm for image registration methods based on the liver contour alone versus the retained ethiodized oil region. This suggests that margins greater than 5 mm may be required for respiratory motion‐managed liver SBRT treatments in patients who do not undergo prior TACE or fiducial placement.
Clinical, epidemiological, and genomic characteristics of a seasonal influenza A virus outbreak in Beijing: A descriptive study
Authors: Zhu Wentao , Gu Li 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChina experienced a severe influenza season that began at the end of February 2023. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to investigate the clinical, epidemiological, and genomic features of this outbreak in Beijing. The number of cases increased rapidly from the end of February and reached its peak in March, with 7262 confirmed cases included in this study. The median age was 33 years, and 50.3% of them were male. The average daily positive rate reached 69% during the peak period. The instantaneous reproduction number (Rt) showed a median of 2.1, exceeded 2.5 initially, and remaining above 1 for the following month. The most common symptoms were fever (75.0%), cough (51.0%), and expectoration (42.9%), with a median body temperature of 38.5°C (interquartile range 38–39). Eight clinical symptoms were more likely to be observed in cases with fever, with odds ratio greater than 1. Viral shedding time ranged from 3 to 25 days, with median of 7.5 days. The circulating viruses in Beijing mainly included H1N1pdm09 (clades 5a.2a and 5a.2a.1), following with H3N2 (clade 2a.2a.3a.1). The descriptive study suggests that influenza viruses in this influenza season had a higher transmissibility and longer shedding duration, with fever being the most common symptom.
Modes Trimming and Clustering in a Weakly Perturbed High‐Q Whispering Gallery Microresonator
Authors: Fu Botao , Gao Renhong , Lin Jintian , Yao Ni , Zhang Haisu , Wang Min , Qiao Lingling , Fang Wei , Cheng Ya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn general, a high‐quality (Q) microresonator can accommodate abundant whispering gallery modes (WGMs) with the mode number increasing with the dimensional sizes of the microresonator. Removing the unnecessary modes while reorganizing the remaining modes is of vital importance, which, however, has been proved challenging and usually results in a tradeoff with the Q of the microresonator. Here, an effective and controllable mode trimming and clustering mechanism is revealed underlying the generation of polygon and star modes in weakly perturbed tapered fiber‐coupled lithium niobate whispering gallery microresonators. Experimentally, various polygon and star modes are observed in sequence within a single microresonator by tuning the excitation wavelength or varying the coupling position between a tapered fiber and the circular microresonator, which can be well reproduced with the theoretical model. The finding offers a ubiquitous solution for a broad range of applications requiring elaborate selection and organization of the high‐Q WGMs.
A new method of reinforcing graphene nanoplatelets in glass/epoxy composites
Authors: Malik K. , Ahmad F. , Yunus N. A. , Nakato T. , Mouri E. , Dawood S. , Memon I. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis research aims to develop a method for the amalgamation of graphene nanoplatelets in glass/epoxy composites. The poor interface bonding between the fiber and matrix is critical and hinders the full performance of the composites. Glass fabric and epoxy were used as reinforcement and matrix in the composite, respectively. Graphene nanoplatelets were utilized as an additional nano‐materials filler for the composites. Glass/graphene/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites were fabricated via vacuum infusion molding. The new method of applying graphene nanoplatelets as secondary reinforcement in the composite was developed based on proper functionalization in the sonication process. The physical, tensile, flexural, and short beam interlaminar properties of fabricated composites were examined to analyze the method's effectiveness. The results showed that density decreased by around 5 %; however, thickness increased by around 34 % after introducing graphene nanoplatelets into the composites. The tensile strength and modulus of the composites declined by approximately 19 %, on the other hand, flexural strength and modulus increased by around 63.3 % and 8.3 %, respectively, after the addition of graphene nanoplatelets into the composites. Moreover, interlaminar shear strength of the composite was enhanced by approximately 50 %.
What factors do physical therapists consider when determining patient prognosis: A mixed methods study
Authors: Smith Matthew P. , Tracy Brad , Soncrant Jason , Young Jodi L. , Rhon Daniel I. , Cook Chad E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionA prognosis provides valuable information to expected progress and anticipated outcome over the course of care. Although it is known that physical therapists can accurately prognose, it is unknown what factors are utilised in clinical practice.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic domains and factors that influenced a PT's clinical reasoning processes.DesignMixed Methods Design, affirming the prognostic ability of the physical therapists and the qualitative exploration of the prognostic factors considered by physical therapists.MethodsTwenty‐nine physical therapists participated in this study. Participants underwent semi‐structured qualitative interviews that were coded to populate a prognostic framework. In addition, de‐identified patient data was used to determine the ability of the PT to form a prognosis. Linear regression was used to determine if an initial prognostic score was related to function at discharge.ResultsThere were significant relationships (p = <0.05) between the prognosis score and Focus on Therapeutic Outcomes (B = 2.25), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (B = 0.257), and GROC (B = 0.289) upon patient discharge. Qualitative factors were categorised into prognostic domains (prevalence): Mood, Motivation, Pain Behaviours (100%), Disease Severity (93.1%), Health Status (86.2%), Social, Occupation, Environmental (67.0%), and Genetics, Biology, Biomarkers (44.8%). Factors that did not fit established domains were reported and categorised as Other (86.2%).ConclusionOur findings support the relationship between PT prognosis of patients with musculoskeletal pain and patient outcomes. In addition, the domains and factors PTs use to formulate prognosis during evaluation present a complex biopsychosocial framework, suggesting that PTs consider factors from multiple domains when forming a prognosis.
Energy‐based model order reduction for linear stochastic Galerkin systems of second order
Authors: Pulch Roland 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider a second‐order linear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) including random variables. A stochastic Galerkin method yields a larger deterministic linear system of ODEs. We apply a model order reduction (MOR) of this high‐dimensional linear dynamical system, where its internal energy represents a quadratic quantity of interest. We investigate the properties of this MOR with respect to stability, passivity and energy dissipation. Numerical results are shown for a system modelling a mass‐spring‐damper configuration.
Coupled strain and temperature gradient analysis in curved surfaces
Authors: Müller‐Lohse Lutz , Tröger Jendrik‐Alexander , Hartmann Stefan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA common method in experimental mechanics is 3D digital image correlation (DIC) for determining deformations of curved surfaces, whereby the motion of material points is measured. The temperatures induced by the deformation of surfaces or by other heat sources are of particular interest as well. In this context, surface temperatures can be measured using infrared thermography systems. However, the disadvantage of this approach is that a thermographic camera only provides the two‐dimensional temperature distribution (plane images) of three‐dimensionally curved surfaces. Thus, the temperature and temperature gradients on the curved surface assigned to material points cannot be specified. However, for particular problems the temperature and the motion of material points are of particular interest. In the literature, planar problems are studied and simplifying assumptions are made so that a simple coupling of thermography and DIC is possible. In contrast, this contribution presents a method where 3D DIC is coupled with thermography in such a way that the temperature, temperature gradient, as well as displacement and strain distributions at material points of curved surfaces can be determined over temporal processes. The method also allows a continuous strain and temperature gradient determination over the entire domain, since a special class of functions named radial basis functions is used for interpolating the measured data.
The classical unsteady boundary layer: A numerical study
Authors: Kaczvinszki Markus , Braun Stefan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe transition process from a laminar to turbulent flow near a solid wall (e.g., at the suction side of a slender airfoil) is still not fully understood. We focus on the early stage of the flow transition based on boundary layer (BL) theory, that is, high Reynolds number asymptotic expansions, which reduce the Navier–Stokes equations into simplified forms. While steady solutions of the resulting classical BL equations and corresponding regularisations based on viscous–inviscid interaction theory are studied quite extensively, there is only few information about the fully time‐dependent scenario. Hence, we numerically study the classical unsteady BL and its breakdown structure, the Van Dommelen–Shen singularity, on the simplest example we can imagine, the incompressible planar fluid flow through a rectangular channel with suction. The depicted BL builds at the lower channel wall and follows initially a generic Blasius behaviour, which gets temporally modulated through suction by means of a slot located at the upper wall. As usual, the main part of the flow is inviscid and governed by Laplace's equation. Remarkably, the wall‐slip velocity, or alternatively the pressure gradient imposed on the BL, can be calculated in closed form and we have full control of its temporal dependency through the variation of the applied suction strength. This specific flow configuration allows us to split off the initial Blasius solution and promises high‐accuracy solutions of the remaining unsteady BL equation in the scaled stream function formulation. The Chebyshev collocation is used in the wall‐normal direction, where the infinite domain is mapped onto [ − 1, 1]. On the contrary, we discretise the mainstream direction with a finite difference scheme of second‐order accuracy, which proved to be more precise near the build‐up of singularities. In order to trigger a dynamic breakdown of the unsteady BL equations, we increase the suction rate continuously from zero to a level slightly above the critical value (obtained from the steady case). As a consequence, the system cannot relax to a steady solution and instead blows up in finite time at some mainstream position. We try to resolve this process with high resolution and the final goal is to verify the inner structure (the two‐dimensional blow‐up profile) of the Van Dommelen–Shen singularity and its role in flow separation and transition.
Discrete nonlinear elastodynamics in a port‐Hamiltonian framework
Authors: Kinon Philipp L. , Thoma Tobias , Betsch Peter , Kotyczka Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe provide a fully nonlinear port‐Hamiltonian formulation for discrete elastodynamical systems as well as a structure‐preserving time discretization. The governing equations are obtained in a variational manner and represent index‐1 differential algebraic equations. Performing an index reduction, one obtains the port‐Hamiltonian state space model, which features the nonlinear strains as an independent state next to position and velocity. Moreover, hyperelastic material behavior is captured in terms of a nonlinear stored energy function. The model exhibits passivity and losslessness and has an underlying symmetry yielding the conservation of angular momentum. We perform temporal discretization using the midpoint discrete gradient, such that the beneficial properties are inherited by the developed time stepping scheme in a discrete sense. The numerical results obtained in a representative example are demonstrated to validate the findings.
A strategy to prepare high‐robust and ultra‐tough polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/talc composites with thermo‐resistance
Authors: Xia Yingbo , Qian Shaoping , Lu Wen , Zhang Zhaoyan , Cheng Huifan , Sheng Kuichuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlending with ductile polycaprolactone (PCL) is one of the common toughening methods for polylactic acid (PLA). However, it seems inevitable to experience a trade‐off in mechanical strength and thermal stability of PLA. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of PLA/PCL blends by adding different contents of talc (0–10 wt%) and conducting annealing treatments. Interestingly, the maximum tensile strength (52.04 MPa), elongation at break (83.51%), and impact strength (6.05 kJ/m2) were achieved by incorporating 2.5 wt% talc into the blends without annealing. Meanwhile, the addition of just 1 wt% talc shortened the semi‐crystallization time of PLA to one‐third of the neat PLA at 100°C. Particularly, after annealing treatment, the crystallinity of PLA increased to 32.1%, and the Vicat softening temperature reached as high as 133.3°C with 2.5 wt% talc. Importantly, the increase in crystallinity did not compromise the toughness of PLA composites but significantly enhanced the impact strength to 8.91 kJ/m2. This study provides an updated understanding of the relationship between toughness and crystallinity in PLA composites.Highlights
Thermo‐resistance of polylactic acid (PLA) composite increases to 133.3°C.
Talc aids nucleation and promotes PLA crystallization.
Increased crystallinity and high toughness are simultaneously realized.
Adding 1 wt% talc reduced PLA semi‐crystallization time by one‐third.
Crystal transformation and sea‐islands structure are vital for reinforcements.
Confined self‐assembly of block copolymers in emulsion droplets: Preparation, shape and internal structure, and applications
Authors: Yan Nan , Song Yuqing , Zhu Yutian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConfined assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) in emulsion droplets receives considerable attention since self‐assembly in flexible geometry pioneers an efficient yet promising route to prepare unconventional polymer materials that cannot be acquired in the bulk state or solution. The deformability and interfacial property regulation of the soft emulsion droplets offer tremendous potential for the design and construction of BCP nanoparticles with desired shape and internal nanostructures. This review summarizes the recent developments of BCP assembly behavior in three‐dimensional (3D) soft oil emulsion droplets, including preparation methods, shape and internal structure control, as well as advanced applications of the generated BCP materials. Typical experimental parameters and post processes, including intrinsic property of BCPs, surfactant property, confinement degree, interfacial instability, additives, evaporation rate, post‐annealing, and disassembly, that have significant influence on the precise control and regulation of emulsion interface properties and the prepared assembly structures are well systematically summarized. Finally, the challenges and further perspective in this area are presented.
Association between plasma lysophosphatidic acid levels and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants: A prospective study
Authors: Li Huitao , Huang Zilu , Yang Chuanzhong , Han Dongshan , Wang Xuan , Qiu Xiaomei , Zhang Zhiwei , Chen Xueyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is implicated in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) pathogenesis, but clinical evidence is lacking. This study aimed to investigate LPA levels in preterm infants with and without BPD and explore LPA as a biomarker for predicting BPD occurrence.MethodsPremature infants with a gestational age of <28 weeks or a birth weight of <1000 g were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at postnatal day (PD) 7, 28, and postmenstrual age (PMA) 36 weeks, and plasma LPA levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve analysis determined the PD 28 cutoff for LPA, and multivariable regression analyzed LPA's independent contribution to BPD and exploratory outcomes.ResultAmong the 91 infants enrolled in this study, 35 were classified into the non‐BPD group and 56 into the BPD group. Infants with BPD had higher plasma LPA levels at PD 28 (6.467 vs. 4.226 μg/mL, p = 0.034) and PMA 36 weeks (2.330 vs. 1.636 μg/mL, p = 0.001). PD 28 LPA level of 6.132 μg/mL was the cutoff for predicting BPD development. Higher PD 28 LPA levels (≥6.132 μg/mL) independently associated with BPD occurrence (OR 3.307, 95% CI 1.032–10.597, p = 0.044). Higher LPA levels correlated with longer oxygen therapy durations [regression coefficients (β) 0.147, 95% CI 0.643–16.133, p = .034].ConclusionsInfants with BPD had higher plasma LPA levels at PD 28 and PMA 36 weeks. Higher PD 28 LPA levels independently associated with an increased BPD risk.