bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light-harvesting proteins intermolecular order in the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) nanofilms – methods and applications.
Authors: Pechkova Eugenia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLight-harvesting proteins can be used as versatile building blocks for the realization of functional biomaterials. A pathway to the hierarchical arrangement of protein molecules into functional biomaterials is provided by mesoscale (>50 nm) self-assembly. This nanotechnological approach opens new avenue in applications of light-harvesting proteins in materials science and bioelectronics (e.g., biosensors, energy-conversion devices).Phycocyanin (PC), a phycobiliprotein found in the majority of cyanobacteria and red algae’s photosynthetic light-harvesting phycobilisome complex, has the potential to be used in a wide range of nanobiotechnological applications, such as biological photovoltaic devices and as a natural photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells. However, such applications frequently need for certain operating conditions, with thermal stability as one of the most crucial. Here we compare three advanced methods: Cryo-EM, X-ray nanodifraction and XFEL, previously used for probing local temperature-induced self-assembly in thermally annealed PC LB multilayered nanofilms.
Influence of the conductive coating on combined CPEM and Raman analysis.
Authors: Mura F , Dinarelli S , Mancini C , Proietti A , Buccini L , Silvestri S , Passeri D , Rossi M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The sample preparation is one of the fundamental steps to obtain a successful correlative microscopy experiment, and for non-conductive materials the deposition of a thin metal coating is often mandatory for a good SEM observation. Nevertheless, in case of correlative experiment, where AFM and Raman spectroscopy are involved in the workflow, this deposition will have a direct influence on both the analysis. In this paper, an investigation about the most common conductive materials used in SEM sample preparation, such as chromium, graphite and gold, and their behaviour in the construction of correlative microscopy workflow is proposed, showing in our results, that chromium is the best choice for this type of combined analysis.
Global sensitivity analysis of structural parameters for automobile air conditioning blower
Authors: Li Kang , Huang Yan , Li Lu , Dong Dawei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In new energy vehicles, due to the loss of the traditional engine noise source coverage, the air conditioning blower has become the main source of noises. In this work, the simulation of the radius of volute tongue (R), the gap of the tongue(d), the blade outlet angle (β) and the volute profile(A) were conducted to obtain the influence degree of each parameter on the aerodynamic noise and the efficiency of the blower, the numerical methods of which were verified by the experimental test. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) methodology was adopted to study the effect of structural parameters of the automotive air conditioning blower on the aerodynamic noise and the performance. The GSA results show that β has the greatest effect whose global sensitivity coefficient is 0.86 under the noise target. A has the maximum coefficient which is 0.82 under the efficiency targe. When taking the all higher-order effect into consideration, it is R and β that have the greatest influence on the aerodynamic noise and the efficiency. According to the result of the second-order sensitivity analysis, it is crucial for optimizing the blower to consider the fit of R and β. The GSA results in this study provides a certain reference for the design of noise reduction and efficiency improvement of blowers.
Analysis of motion characteristics of lower limb exoskeleton robot
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Cheng Xuyang , Chang Xinyi , Zheng Yi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To address the issue of motion coordination in lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robots, and to meet the basic characteristics of ergonomics and human kinematics, a humanoid design was adopted to design a lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot. The Denavit- Hartenberg (D-H) mathematical model of the lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot was established, and the motion characteristics of each joint were analyzed to obtain the D-H parameters during the motion process. The motion characteristics were analyzed from the perspectives of forward kinematics and inverse kinematics. The variation law of motion parameters during the motion process was obtained, and simulation analysis of the motion characteristics was performed. The results show that the maximum center of mass velocity is 0.45 m/s, which is reached within 0.8 seconds. After that, the velocity decreases, with a range of approximately -0.2 m/s to 0.55 m/s. It can be seen that the displacement and velocity changes of the exoskeleton robot legs are relatively stable, which meets the design requirements.
Time-varying nonlinear parameters identification of high-speed train suspension system based on WMA
Authors: Wang Yuke , Lv Lumei , Hua Chunrong , Dong Dawei , Li Longbin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The parameters identification of suspension components provides a foundation for health assessment of the high-speed train. Considering the time-varying nonlinearity of suspension parameters caused by changing temperature, this work identifies the time-varying nonlinear parameters based on the wavelet multiresolution analysis (WMA) combined with the proposed improved Akaike information criterion (AIC). Firstly, the parameters variation law against time-temperature are fitted based on test data and the vibration responses of a two-degree-of-freedom suspension model are obtained. Secondly, the time-varying nonlinear parameters are expanded into scale coefficients using WMA. Thus, the identification of time-varying nonlinear parameters is transformed into the identification of time-invariant wavelet scale coefficients. Then the improved AIC is utilized to select the optimal basis functions and decomposition scales in noisy environments. The identified parameters vectors are used by the improved AIC as evaluation index of identification model to reduce the effect of noise. Finally, the time-varying nonlinear parameters are reconstructed based on the optimal wavelet scale coefficients. The results show that the time-varying nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficients can be accurately identified based on the WMA combined with the proposed improved AIC.
Achieving local overheating and length scale control in density-based topology optimization
Authors: Qie Longfei , Xing Jian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The main defect of additive manufacturing technology based on laser melting is that large thermal deformation is easily generated inside the part during the forming process. The traditional method is to adjust the process parameters, stress relief annealing and other hardware methods. From the point of view of design, this paper proposed a method to reduce the deformation by changing the product structure and configuration without changing the process form and design goals. The layer-by-layer thermal process model is considered as a constraint in the SIMP topology method, and the MMA is applied as the optimization solver to take care of the multi-constraints topology optimization. Then, the Heaviside based morphological filter is applied to control the minimum length of the part in the optimization results. The validity of the proposed method is tested by the MBB beam and cantilever compliance minimization problems.
Simple and low-cost motion-sensorless control approach for the IPMSM with elimination of DC offset and steady-state error
Authors: Rahman Sadiq Ur , Xia Chaoying , Xiao Pengchao , Yu Jiali , Wang Nannan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Voltage type flux observer has attracted much attention because of its less mathematical calculations and ease of implementation. The only issue with the flux estimation approach is the integration mechanism; using a pure integrator may cause integrator saturation and a DC bias issue, whereas using the low pass filter (LPF) and a self-adaptive band-pass filter (SABPF) would result in magnitude and phase angle errors. This work offers an improved flux linkage estimation approach with a proportional integral (PI) DC offset compensator, resolving the DC drift issue associated with the observer’s pure integrator. Compared to the standard voltage type flux observer, the DC offset is removed, the LPF and phase adjustment are eliminated, and low-speed armature position estimate accuracy is improved. The proposed method can reduce calculation. As a result, the control period is reduced. The Matlab Simulink framework findings are presented to validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Research on detection technology of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition products of GIL based on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Sun Chao , Bian Chao , Gan Qiang , Li Dongfeng , Cui Guanglu , Zhao Wenhan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas is a stable gas that is widely used in gas insulated lines (GILs) in power systems. However, in GIL, SF6 gas is in the environment of high temperature, high pressure and high voltage for a long time, SF6 gas will decompose into toxic gas, damage electrical equipment, and pose a huge threat to human body and ecological environment. In addition, SF6 gas is a greenhouse gas that is strictly forbidden to leak. Once leaked, it will cause great harm to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to recover and purify the SF6 gas in the power system GIL. In this paper, a molecular model of carbon nanotubes is constructed, and the density functional theory is used to analyze the changes of charge distribution, density of states and molecular orbitals after adsorption of SF6 decomposition products by carbon nanotubes, and determine the gas-sensing response of carbon nanotubes to gas molecules characteristic.
Drinking water quality and social vulnerability linkages at the system level in the United States
Authors: Scanlon Bridget R , Reedy Robert C , Fakhreddine Sarah , Yang Qian , Pierce Gregory 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Growing recognition of water quality concerns, particularly in socially vulnerable communities in the United States, has prompted recent policies and investments to improve drinking water system performance. Current environmental justice tools limit measurement of drinking water quality issues to proximity to point-source contamination, such as superfund sites and social vulnerability to county level or zip code level data. We examined relationships between health-based (HB) drinking water quality violations and social vulnerability using a new database of community water system (CWS) service areas and a modified Social Vulnerability Index, which we specifically designed for drinking water quality. CWSs with HB violations disproportionately impact socially vulnerable communities, with ∼70% of such systems characterized by high social vulnerability. Increased risks of drinking water quality violations in high socially vulnerable communities are attributed in part to violations related to pervasive, naturally occurring contaminants (e.g. arsenic) requiring treatment and difficulties for small systems to implement and maintain treatment systems. Notably, recurrence of any HB violation is also related to social vulnerability (R = 0.73). The relative importance of different social parameters, including socioeconomic status, race and language, and demographics and housing characteristics, varies with the type of violation. Further understanding linkages between drinking water quality violations and social vulnerability is essential for optimizing the deployment of, and motivating the next tranche of newly available drinking water infrastructure funding that is heavily prioritized toward disadvantaged communities.
Meeting industrial decarbonization goals: a case study of and roadmap to a net-zero emissions cement industry in California
Authors: Kim Alyson , Miller Sabbie A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recent decarbonization policies are expected to significantly impact high greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting industries, as they will be forced to find ways to operate with a lower environmental footprint. Due to the energy required for the kilns and the unavoidable chemical-derived emissions during manufacturing, in addition to its high global consumption levels, the cement industry is anticipated to be among the early industries affected. California State Bill (SB 596) is one of the first rigorous legislative measures that sets GHG emissions from cement production to net-zero by 2045. As such, a case study on California cement production is evaluated here. While several groups have developed cement technology roadmaps with GHG mitigation strategies, these roadmaps do not consider concomitant environmental impacts, such as those that can influence local populations, thus limiting potential implementation from a policy perspective. Here, we examine several GHG emissions mitigation strategies for cement production and show the greatest reduction from an individual measure is from implementing carbon capture storage for cement kiln flue gas (87%), use of alternative clinkers (78%), or use of alkali-activated materials (88%). Yet even if GHG emissions are reduced, use of high-polluting energy sources could increase risks to human health impacts. Further, the efficacy of these decarbonization measures is lowered if multiple measures are implemented simultaneously. Finally, we examine the potential to meet net-zero emissions, focusing on California production due to recent legislation, and find a pathway to 96% GHG emissions reduction. Notably, these reductions do not reach goals to hit zero emissions, suggesting direct air capture mechanisms will need to be implemented.
Endogenous simulation of low-carbon lifestyle change in global climate mitigation pathways
Authors: Pettifor Hazel , Mastrucci Alessio , Wilson Charlie , van Ruijven Bas , Agnew Maureen , Gallic Thomas Le 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Global Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) used to characterise mitigation pathways have very limited or no formal representation of lifestyles and lifestyle change. We demonstrate a novel approach to endogenously simulating low-carbon lifestyle heterogeneity and lifestyle change through soft-coupling with our new empirically-based LIFE model. Coupling LIFE to global IAMs enables dynamic simulation of distinctive lifestyle change contributions to targeted mitigation strategies. We set out the empirical basis of the LIFE model, the methodological steps for soft-coupling to a global IAM, and show results from a test application to the residential sector using the MESSAGEix-Buildings model. A first key insight is that coupling with the LIFE model introduces heterogeneous behaviour between ‘engaged’ types, who experience faster and higher reductions in final energy demand compared to ‘disengaged’ types. When we further simulate a widespread shift in normative values, this gap is closed. A second key insight is that drivers of lifestyle change, act differently across ‘Improve’ and ‘Avoid’ dimensions. The ‘disengaged’ types, characterised by lower incomes, are more highly responsive to energy saving ‘Avoid’ behaviours. Our approach demonstrates how improved understanding of lifestyle change dynamics and more realistic, empirically-based quantitative simulations in climate mitigation pathways enriches scientific and policy analysis of how to achieve Paris Climate Agreement goals.
Role of Bacterial Inoculant and Organic Matter in Improving some Soil Physical Properties and Water use Efficiency of Maize under Drought Conditions in Iraq
Authors: Al-Khazrji Osama Abdul Rahman , Alkhateb Bassam A. A. H. , Alsaedi Suad Abduljabbar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Directorate Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology in Autumn 2018 to study the role of liquid bacterial inoculant and addition of organic matter in improving physical properties, water consumption and water use efficiency of the maize crop (Zea mays L.) under drought conditions prevailing in Iraq. Bacterial inoculated was added with two levels with, without adding, adding organic fertilizer at three levels (0, 1.5 and 3%) of the soil weight. Irrigation was scheduled when depleting (50, 60 and 70%) of the available water. Water consumption were 584, 437 and 317 mm under (50, 60 and 70%) of available water depletion respectively. The addition of bacterial inoculant and 3% organic matter was significantly superior to treatments at 50 and 60% of available water depletion. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil aggregate stability under these two treatments were 1.81 and 1.75 cm h−1 and 0.530 and 0.524% respectively. The grain yield was 12.321 and 12.162 t ha−1 under the above-mentioned treatments respectively. The highest rate of water use efficiency was 2.98 kg m−3 under 60 % moisture depletion, with bacterial inoculant and under addition of organic matter at the level of 3%.
Effect of Spraying with Nano Potassium on the Growth and Yield of Two Cultivars of Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Abotlasha Jaber Jassim , Issa Falah Hasan , Al-Burki Fouad Razzaq 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The research was carried out during the growing season 2021-2022 to find out the response of the two cultivars (Vicia faba L.): Luz De Otono (C1) and symbolized for them by the two symbols (C2,C1) by spraying potassium nano fertilizer (0, 1.2 g/L) and symbolizing them with symbols (T3.T2,T1), respectively. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.), and studied the characteristics of leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll pigment content as well as the dry weight of the bio yield and seeds and their protein content., The characters reached in leaf area (52.94 dcm 2), chlorophyll (23.99 SPAD) and dry weight of plant seeds (4.089 tan h-1), and the results showed that the interaction C2T3 was significantly superior in plant height (68.57 cm), leaf area per plant (56.57 dm 2).
Effect of Organic Manure, Nutrient Solution Injection and Zn Foliar Application on Some Physical Characteristics of Date Palm Fruits cv. Zahdi
Authors: Kurdy Alaa T. S. , Al-Dulaimy Rasmi M. H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A field study was carried out on private palm orchards located in Anbar province - Fallujah District, Al-Hassy region during season 2021 on date palm trees “Zahdi”. Cultivar trees were with age 30 years growing in clay soil to investigate effect of organic manure (cow manure) at levels (0, 10, 20 kg. palm−1), injecting nutrient solution under the trade name “Nutreeno” into the trunk at (0, 50 ml.Palm−1) and foliar application with Zn at (0, 500, 1000 mg. l−1). Results showed that all the studied traits recorded their superiority when soil application of organic manure at 20 kg.palm−1, whereas, nutrient solution injection at 50 ml.palm−1 gave the best results in the fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length and size, seed weight, bunch weight and yield. Spraying Zn especially with 1000 mg.l−1 achieved the highest values in all the studied characteristics compared to the control.
Impact of Organic Fertilization to Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.) on Flowering Traits and Fruiting Under Iraq Western Desert Conditions
Authors: Mohammed A. M. , Muslat M. M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on Rawa area at Al-Anbar governorate, western of Iraq, during 2021 and 2022 seasons by using 72 olive trees (Ashrasi cultivar) treated with 0, 15, and 25 kg per olive tree from composted of common reed waste with cow, sheep, and poultry manure, also tree treated with 0 or 50 liters from aqueous extract of compost. The results of the statistical analysis showed that Olive trees were treated with 25 kg from 80 % common reed waste with 20 % poultry manure compost and its water extract, while improved flowering traits (number of flowers per branch, percentage of hermaphrodite flowers, number of fruit set, percentage of fruiting, and fruit retention compared with control treatment under Iraq western desert conditions.
Effect of Spraying a Combination of Nano-Fertilizers on some Vegetative and Root Growth Characteristics of Two Pomegranate Cultivars under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Al-Musawi Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Tamimi Harith Mahmoud Aziz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The research was conducted in the vegetable canopy of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering - College of Agriculture - University of Karbala for the period from the beginning of March to October 2021, with the aim of knowing the effect of spraying a combination of nano-Fertilizers on the growth of seedlings of two pomegranate cultivars under salt stress conditions. The first factor was spraying with a combination of nano-fertilizers at a concentration of (0 ml. L-1 Optimus plus 0 g. L-1 IQ combi and 1 ml. L-1 Optimus plus + 0.5 g. L-1 IQ combi and 1.5 ml L -1 Optimus plus + 1 gl -1 IQ combi). As for the second factor, the variety (Wonderful, Slimy), and the third factor, irrigate with three different salt concentrations (1.7, 5, and 10 dS.m-1). The results can be summarized as follows: (1) The treatment with the combination of nano-fertilizer at a concentration of (1.5 ml.L-1 Optimus plus + 1 gL-1 IQ combi) had the highest rate in the trait (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of shoot and root system, and fresh weight of shoot group). root, and root length) and the treatment (1 ml.L-1 Optimus plus + 0.5 gL-1 IQ combi) recorded the highest rate in the number of leaves characteristic. (2) The cultivar Wanderfel outperformed the Salimi cultivar and recorded the highest increase in the rate of (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of shoot and root, fresh weight of shoot and root, and root length). (3) Irrigation treatment with electrolyte water (1.7 decimens.m-1) showed the highest values for vegetative and root growth characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of vegetative and root, fresh weight of vegetable and root, and root length). (4) The double and triple interactions between the study factors led to a clear and significant superiority in the studied traits compared to the comparison treatment. 7. Decimens.m-1) was significant, giving the highest rate in most of the vegetative and root traits. The treatment (1 ml.l-1 Optimus plus + 0.5 gl-1 IQ combi, the cultivar Wanderful and the salinity of the irrigation water at a concentration of 1.7 dSm-1) recorded the highest average number of leaves.