bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity of Candida species to produce acetaldehyde at various concentrations of alcohol
Authors: Reddy Mamatha G S , Kakodkar Pradnya , Nayanar Gayatri 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Along with tobacco use, alcohol consumption is one of the crucial factors for oral cancer. Acetaldehyde (ACH), a byproduct of alcohol, is reported as carcinogenic. One of the producers of ACH from alcohol is Candida species. The aim of the study was to quantify the ACH produced by Candida species at various concentrations of alcohol.

Materials and Methods:
Clinical isolates of Candida, namely Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis and C. albicans ATCC 18,804, were subjected to various concentrations of alcohol. Alcohol dehydrogenase and ACH were estimated using spectrophotometry and headspace gas chromatography, respectively.

Results:
Out of all three clinical isolates, C. tropicalis produced more ACH (412.1 μM) at 10 mM alcohol concentration by 105colony-forming unit/ml followed by C. albicans (233 μM) and C. krusei (53.7 μM). C. albicans of clinical isolate and ATCC species (222 μM) did not show much difference.

Conclusion:
The study results conclude that Candida species are capable of producing carcinogenic levels of ACH on exposure to various concentrations of alcohol.
Expression of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 DNA in oral lichen planus using polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Vijayan Aswathy K. , Muthukrishnan Arvind , Velayudhannair Vivek , Varun Jayanthi , Vidyadharan Mathew , James Joseena 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with cell-mediated immune dysregulation. The aetiology of OLP has been studied extensively for decades. Viruses like Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and stress have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OLP. HPV has been proved to be an etiological agent in oropharyngeal cancers and non-tobacco-associated leukoplakia. The role of human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of OLP has to be studied extensively.

Aim:
This study aims to detect the presence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA in the biopsy samples of OLP and also to determine the role played by the virus in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OLP.

Materials and Methods:
Biopsy samples comprising 30 OLP tissues were collected. The DNA was extracted by the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method. Polymerase chain reaction was performed by using general primers to amplify the HPV E6 gene.

Results:
Twelve out of 30 (40%) OLP cases were positive for HPV DNA. A significant relation was found between HPV, site (buccal mucosa) and the type (reticular) of the lesion (P = 0.007). However, the difference between the percentage of HPV positive males and females was statistically insignificant (P = 0.852).

Conclusion:
This study confirmed the presence of high-risk HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA in OLP. The study showed a significantly higher expression of HPV in erosive OLP when compared to reticular OLP, suggesting a possible role of HPV in the malignant transformation of OLP.
IHC expression of AKT in different grades of epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Rani A. Sandhya , Munisekhar Manay Srinivas , Shylaja S. , Krishna A. , Sangala Bhavani N. , Reddy E Sharath Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Akt, also known as protein kinase B, is a serine/threonine-specific protein-kinase which plays a key role in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, transcription and cell migration. The activation of Akt is one of the most frequent alterations observed in human cancer and tumour cells. Akt regulates cellular survival and metabolism by binding and regulating many downstream effectors, e.g., Nuclear Factor-kB, murine double minute 2(MDM2).

Aims:
To evaluate and compare immunohistochemical expression of Akt in normal epithelium and different histological grades of epithelial dysplasias.

Materials and Methodology:
Forty paraffin-embedded tissue sections were used for the immunohistochemical study of which 10 cases of normal epithelium, 10 cases of each mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia which were diagnosed by haematoxylin and eosin procedures. The tissue sections were immunohistochemically analysed for expression of Akt in different grades of epithelial dysplasia by using anti-Akt-1 monoclonal antibody. Statistical analysis was carried out using statistical package for social science (SPSS, V 10.5). The data were analysed using Chi-square test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results and Conclusion:
An overall significant difference was observed when normal tissues were compared with epithelial dysplasia with a Chi-square value of 21.04, but there was no statistical significance between the three grades of epithelial dysplasias. In conclusion, this study suggests that Akt-1 overexpression can be one of the useful diagnostic markers for predicting the potential behaviour of oral dysplasias transforming into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Failure case analysis during each stage of endodontic microsurgery: A retrospective study based on clinical databases
Authors: Ryu Changwoo , Shin Sooil , Cho Yong-Bum , Kim Euiseong , Song Minju 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
This study aimed to investigate the most important stage of endodontic surgery by examining failed cases and analyzing the cause of failure during each stage of the procedure.

Materials and Methods:
We searched the clinical database of the Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dankook University, for patients with a history of endodontic microsurgery (EMS) performed between March 2017 and February 2021. Among the 428 patients who underwent EMS, those with a history of endodontic surgery were included. All surgical procedures were performed using a microscope, and the previously resected root surface or the root surface to be resected was inspected during surgery. The patients were followed up at 6 and 12 months and every year thereafter.

Results:
A total of 68 cases were included for analysis. The most common cause of failure was incomplete root-end filling (24 cases, 35.3%), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used in 17 cases. This was followed by no root-end management after root-end resection (33.8%), incorrect root-end preparation (19.1%), inspection error (7.4%), cracks (2.9%), and incomplete root-end resection (1.5%). After resurgery, 41 were followed up for more than 1 year (recall rate, 60.3%), and the success rate was 85.4% (35 out of 41 cases).

Conclusions:
Root-end filling was shown to be the most important stage in determining the outcome, even when using the biocompatible material, MTA.
Diagnostic Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Immunocompromised Patients with Lung Infiltrates
Authors: Aljishi Ahmed , Alalbdulhadi Deemah , Alabbadi Ghadeer , Ali Mohammed Hashim , Ivey Melissa K. , Almusa Zainab , Abdulqawi Rayid 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Lung infections are associated with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Achieving an accurate and rapid diagnosis is vital to help guide management, and thus improve survival.

Objective:
To establish the diagnostic yield, clinical value, and safety of bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in immunocompromised adult patients with pulmonary infiltrates.

Methods:
This retrospective study included all immunocompromised adult patients who underwent bronchoscopy with BAL for investigation of radiologically confirmed pulmonary infiltrates at a tertiary care hospital between January 01, 2014, and June 30, 2021. Clinically significant findings of BAL were defined as a positive microbiological result of a potential pathogen determined using routine culture, acid-fast bacilli smear, mycobacterial culture, tuberculosis PCR, fungal culture, Aspergillus antigen, and multiplex PCR panel and/or positive cytology.

Results:
A total of 103 unique patients were included (mean ± SD age: 44.5 ± 14.1 years), of which the majority were male (60.2%). The BAL diagnostic yield was 52.4% (95% CI: 42.6–62.2%). In the multiple logistic regression model, positive BAL was predicted by symptom of sputum (aOR 4.01, 95% CI: 1.27–12.70, P = 0.018). Almost half of the procedures (43.7%, 95% CI: 33.9–53.4%) resulted in a change in the management plan, with positive BAL findings more than twice as likely to result in a change (OR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.07–5.33, P = 0.033). Only three (2.9%) procedures resulted in complications and required ventilator support and/or oxygen escalation.

Conclusions:
BAL is a safe clinical tool that can be useful in impacting clinical management in a significant proportion of immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infiltrates.
Management and Outcome of Post-Infectious Multiloculated Hydrocephalus
Authors: Alojan Abdulrazaq A , Alotaibi Assayl R , Alalhareth Hussain N , Alwadei Ali D , Ammar Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Background and importance:
Infection following ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement is a recognized complication, with variable incidence rates worldwide. Development of post-infectious multiloculated hydrocephalus (MLH) is likely if VPS infection is improperly managed, in turn affecting the prognosis. There is a lack of studies from Saudi Arabia regarding patients' functional outcome in relation to different variables.

Objectives:
To study the causative organisms, related variables and patient outcomes in MLH after VPS infection.

Methods:
This case series is a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus from 2011 to 2019. Patients were included if they were aged <18 years, had confirmed cerebrospinal fluid/blood infection with radiological evidence of MLH, and were regularly followed-up. Functional status score was used to evaluate the outcomes.

Results:
A total of 150 patients underwent VPS insertion during the study period, of which 12 (8%) had postinfection MLH. The mean age at diagnosis and follow-up was 9 and 19 months, respectively. Ten patients developed MLH after their first VPS infection and one each developed MLH following the second and third VPS infections. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures mostly grew only single organisms (6/12), with Staphylococcus species being the most common. All patients underwent navigated endoscopic fenestration; nine patients required VPS placement and three required redo endoscopic fenestration surgery. All patients were developmentally delayed, with the majority (75%) having a functional status score of 6–10.

Conclusion:
Development of MLH after VPS infection is debilitating and requires prompt treatment. Although the overall functional outcome is poor, evolving neuroendoscopic techniques with tailored preoperative planning may play a role in reducing the adverse effect of shunt multiplicity, shunt infections and the higher failure rate among patients with complex hydrocephalus.
PENGGUNAAN TOEFL PRATICE ONLINE SEBAGAI LAYANAN PEMBELAJARAN DAN UJI TEST TOEFL BAGI PARA MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITAS DARMA AGUNG
Authors: Silitonga Andi Jaihutan , Siahaan Hiace Vega Fernando 
Published: April 2023

Di Indonesia, ketika ada orang berbicara masalah nilai TOEFL, hampir bisa dipastikan apa yang mereka maksud adalah TOEFL yang bentuk PBT. Jarang dari mereka yang berbicara masalah CBT dan bahkan iBT. Banyak sekali orang di sekitar kita yang belum tahu kalau Test TOEFL juga ada yang format komputer (CBT) dan bahkan internet (iBT). Hal ini bisa jadi dikarenakan keterbatasan informasi ataupun ketidakingintahuan lebih jauh mengenai TOEFL. TOEFL Practice Online (TPO) adalah tes online untuk TOEFL iBT, dibuat dan dikembangkan oleh layanan pengujian platform online. TPO dapat diikuti di rumah, di sekolah, atau dimanapun selama ada koneksi internet (24 jam sehari, 7 hari seminggu) dengan menggunakan komputer dan headset dengan microphone.Ada juga banyak kursus persiapan online yang dapat membantu mencapai tujuan tersebut. Praktik online yang tersedia relatif lebih fleksibel dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan individu daripada metode lain. Kegiatan PKM dilaksanakan terhadap mahasiswa yang aktif dalam perkuliahan sebagai

kegiatan penguatan pengetahuan tambahan sebelum terjun ke dunia pangsa kerja dimana persyaratan dasar untuk seleksi penerimaan calon pegawai negeri sipil atau pun institusi swasta lainnya menetapkan skor nilai tinggi.
SAN PABLO, UN MUSEO REIMAGINADO. LA CREACIÓN DE UN MUSEO “EFÍMERO” EN LA IGLESIA DE SAN PABLO DE ZARAGOZA
Authors: García Gómez Sergio 
Published: April 2023

En el año 2021 la iglesia de San Pablo de Zaragoza celebró dos importantes efemérides, el 90 aniversario de la declaración del templo como Monumento Nacional, y el 20 aniversario de su declaración como Patrimonio Mundial por la Unesco dentro de la Arquitectura Mudéjar de Aragón. A lo largo de estos 90 años se han sucedido las propuestas para crear un museo dentro de sus muros, donde poder reunir y mostrar las obras más preciadas de su valioso legado artístico. Lamentablemente ninguno de los proyectos ha llegado a materializarse, por lo que hoy en día la iglesia de San Pablo no cuenta aún con un museo propio. La celebración del Día Internacional de los Museos el 18 de mayo de 2021– bajo el lema “El futuro de los museos: recuperar y reimaginar”–, fue la oportunidad para unir estas dos celebraciones y, además, recuperar, reivindicar y recordar la necesidad de crear un museo parroquial en la iglesia de San Pablo. El propósito de “San Pablo, un museo reimaginado” fue crear un espacio cultural emergente, un museo temporal y efímero, abierto un breve periodo de tiempo. El “museo reimaginado” permitió pasear por algunas de las mejores obras artísticas de esta iglesia y descubrir esculturas, pinturas, orfebrería, textiles, faroles, estandartes y muchos otros elementos inéditos para el gran público. Además, durante los días de apertura del museo se difundieron algunas de las obras en nuestras redes sociales para divulgarlas de forma virtual a todas cuantas personas no puedan venir a contemplarlas presencialmente.
Clinical features of Omicron variant infection in 445 patients with coronavirus 19 disease
Authors: Yang Lihong , Zhong Jianfeng , Wang Weihong , Zhou Feng , Tong Zhaowei , Zheng Yifeng , Chen Xing 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can mutate frequently and many new strains have emerged thus far. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics differ with each dominant strain.

OBJECTIVES:
Obtain an understanding of the clinical characteristics of patients infected with the Omicron variants of the SARS CoV-2.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort

SETTINGS:
Teaching hospital in China.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Data on sociodemography, signs/symptoms, hospital stay, viral shedding period, comorbidities, treatment options and final outcome were retrieved from hospital electronic medical record. We collected nasopharyngeal samples, laboratory data, and clinical data from patients admitted to the hospital with SARS CoV-2.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Clinical characteristics of the patients infected with Omicron variant of SARS CoV-2.

SAMPLE SIZE:
445 patients

RESULTS:
The median age was 43.0 years with a range from 2 to 75 years. Two-thirds of the participants were male and one-third were female. Almost half of the participants (51.9%) had no symptoms, whereas 48.1% had at least one symptom. Of symptomatic patients, 26.7% had mild symptoms and 21.3% had moderate symptoms. No patients were admitted with severe or critical symptoms. All patients discharged from the hospital after complete recovery without any serious complications or death. The most common symptom was cough followed by sore throat and fever. Less common symptoms were having sputum, stuffy nose, and muscle pain. Rare symptoms were weakness, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis and nausea/vomiting.

CONCLUSIONS:
All patients had mild to moderate symptoms. Shortness of breath was not a common symptom among the study group. No patients needed invasive oxygen therapy in this cohort.

LIMITATIONS:
Single center and retrospective design.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
AKURASI PEMERIKSAAN LFA CRYPTOCOCCAL ANTIGEN SERUM DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN KULTUR DALAM PENEGAKAN DIAGNOSIS MENINGITIS KRIPTOKOKUS
Authors: Prasetyo Dimas Seto , Tandraeline Janice , Dewi Maria Astika , Maretti Nadia 
Published: April 2023

Cryptococcosis adalah infeksi jamur yang disebabkan oleh Cryptococcus, dengan Cryptococcus neoformans sebagai patogen utama. Penyakit ini merupakan ancaman bagi pasien immunocompromised. Baku emas yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi mikroorganisme ini adalah kultur cairan serebrospinal (CSS) namun pemeriksaan ini membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama. Selain itu tidak semua fasilitas kesehatan memiliki sarana untuk melakukan analisis CSS dan adanya beberapa keadaan yang menjadi kontraindikasi dilakukannya pungsi lumbal membuat diagnosis akhir menjadi sulit. Diperlukan metode diagnostik yang lebih mudah dilakukan, dengan harga yang terjangkau, dan hasil yang lebih cepat di dapat seperti deteksi Antigen Kriptokokus (CrAg) pada serum dengan Lateral Flow Assay (LFA). Tujuan EBCR ini adalah untuk membandingkan akurasi pemeriksaan LFA Cryptococcal antigen pada serum dalam menegakkan diagnosis meningitis kriptokokus dibandingkan dengan metode kultur cairan serebro spinal.
Metode: Penelusuran artikel dilakukan di pangkalan data Pubmed (MEDLINE), Embase dan Wiley Online Library. Skrining artikel dilakukan oleh tiga peneliti, menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, mengecek kelengkapan artikel, serta membaca artikel keseluruhan untuk mendapatkan artikel yang sesuai dan dapat menjawab pertanyaan klinis yang diajukan.
Hasil: Dari hasil penelusuran didapatkan dua artikel dari database dan 1 artikel dari googlescholar yang memenuhi kriteria eligibilitas, dua artikel yang didapatkan dari database sudah tercakup di dalam systematic review, sehingga telaah kritis dilakukan pada satu artikel systematic review tersebut. Hasil dari artikel tersebut adalah LFA CrAg serum memiliki sensitivitas yang cukup tinggi 97,9% dan spesifisitas sedang 89,5%.
Kesimpulan: Akurasi deteksi antigen Cryptococcus dalam serum dengan LFA pada penderita HIV untuk mendiagnosis meningitis Cryptococcus cukup baik dibandingkan dengan metode kultur CSF.
Kata kunci: lateral flow assay, meningitis kriptokokus
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH PADA PROGNOSIS PASIEN TUMOR OTAK METASTASIS DI RSUD SAIFUL ANWAR MALANG
Authors: Inggrianita Dotti , Rahmawati Dessika , Rakhmatiar Rodhiyan , Hevy Purwaningtyas Nuretha 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Tumor otak metastasis merupakan titik kritis penyebaran keganasan yang berasal dari organ lain di otak. Jenis tumor ini merupakan tumor intrakranial paling sering dijumpai. Prognosis pada tumor otak metastasis cukup buruk. Karnofsky Performance scale sebagai penilaian status performa dapat digunakan untuk melihat prognosis pasien dengan tumor otak metastasis.
Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap prognosis pasien tumor otak metastasis di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain retrospektif analitik cross sectional, dari kunjungan pasien tumor otak metastasis di di RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang selama bulan Januari 2017 hingga Desember 2020. Data diambil berdasarkan karakteristik pasien, faktor klinis, radiologis, jenis tumor primer dan komorbid dari data register tumor otak Neurologi. Data disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptik dan analitik menggunakan analisis multivariat regresi logistik.
Hasil: Penelitian ini melibatkan 71 subjek dengan tumor otak metastasis. Secara umum subjek berusia kurang dari 60 tahun dengan proporsi laki-laki dan perempuan hampir sama. Berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang dinilai, terdapat dua variabel yang berkorelasi signifikan. Usia < 60 tahun berkorelasi terhadap prognosis baik yaitu nilai Karnofsky Performance Scale < 60 (p: 0,012) (RO: 0,076). Penurunan kesadaran berkorelasi signifikan terhadap prognosis buruk yaitu nilai Karnofsky Performance Scale <60 (p: 0,021) (RO: 13,851).
Diskusi: Faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan pada prognosis pasien tumor otak metastasis di RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar adalah usia < 60 tahun dan penurunan kesadaran. Usia <60 tahun merupakan faktor prognosis baik sedangkan penurunan kesadaran merupakan faktor prognosis buruk.
Kata Kunci: Karnofsky performance scale, prognosis, tumor otak metastasis
FAKTOR –FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN LAMA PERAWATAN RAWAT INAP PASIEN STROKE DI RUMAH SAKIT ATMA JAYA
Authors: Limbong Allo Kezia Nathania , Wreksoatmodjo Budi Riyanto , Sasmita Poppy 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan:Pasien stroke membutuhkan penanganan komprehensif sehingga memerlukan perawatan rawat inap di rumah sakit. Lama perawatan rawat inap pasien stroke terkait dengan biaya perawatan kesehatan yang berdampak pada ekonomi keluarga penderita stroke. Dengan mempelajari lebih dalam faktor yang berperan terhadap lama perawatan rawat inap pasien stroke, unit perawatan stroke dapat memberikan perawatan yang lebih baik untuk mengurangi lama perawatan dan mencegah komplikasi selama rawat inap.

Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik demografi, komorbiditas, komplikasi, jenis stroke, tingkat keparahan stroke, dan tingkat kesadaran dengan lama perawatan rawat inap pasien stroke di Rumah Sakit Atma Jaya.

Metode:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan 254 respondendi Rumah Sakit Atma Jaya periode 2014-2019.Pengukuran variabel meggunakan data sekunder dari stroke registry. Perawatan >7 hari diartikan sebagai lama rawat yang berkepanjangan. Analisis data menggunakan uji Fisher exact, uji Breslow-Day, uji Mantel Haenzel dan uji regresi logistik.

Hasil:Dari 254 respomden, 65 orang (25.6%) menjalani perawatan rawat inap berkepanjangan. Komplikasi, jenis stroke, tingkat keparahan stroke dan tingkat kesadaran secara signifikan memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap lama rawat inap pasien stroke. Faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap lama rawat inap pasien stroke yaitu jenis stroke, komplikasi, dan tingkat keparahan stroke.

Diskusi:Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara komplikasi, jenis stroke, tingkat keparahan stroke dan tingkat kesadaran terhadap lama perawatan rawat inap pada pasien strokedi Rumah Sakit Atma Jaya. Stroke hemoragik, tingkat keparahan berat, dan komplikasi merupakan faktor risiko perawatanrawat inap yang berkepanjangan.
ÍNDlCE DE DIENTES CARIADOS, PERDIDOS Y OBTURADOS EN PACIENTES QUE ACUDIERON A LA CLÍNlCA ODONTOLÓGICA UNIVALLE, COCHABAMBA, DURANTE EL PERIODO 2010
Authors: Arce Moya Heberto Renán , Muñoz Carla , Uribe Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Ante una afluencia permanente de pacientes que asistieron a la Clínica Odontológica Univalle Cochabamba, con el propósito de recibir una atención odontológica de las principales patologías de la cavidad bucal, tales como la enfermedad periodontal y principalmente caries; se realizó un trabajo de investigación de tipo retrospectivo y cuantitativo con el objetivo de determinar el índice de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados, separando a los pacientes por sexo y edad, durante la gestión 2010, con un total de 999 pacientes.
Se pudo evidenciar que el Índice de Dientes Cariados, Perdidos y Obturados de los pacientes atendidos en Univalle fue de 16.6, estando muy por encima de los rangos referenciales de la O.M.S., que considera de 4.5 a 6.5 como rango alto.
Considerando estos valores, se deben estructurar programas y designar presupuesto para la educación y campañas de prevención por medio de brigadas organizadas por estudiantes de últimos cursos, acompañados por docentes, que puedan movilizarse a colegios e instruir a padres de familia y profesores para impartir conocimientos sobre la importancia que tiene la educación en salud oral y aplicar medidas de prevención.