bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of encapsulated porcine islet xenotransplantation by patients and doctors in the US
Authors: Matsumoto Shinichi , Yamamoto Noriaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPreviously, we performed encapsulated porcine islet xenotransplantation for the treatment of unstable type 1 diabetic patients and demonstrated the clinical benefit and safety in New Zealand and Argentina. Conversely, the treatment of type 1 diabetes differs from country to country; therefore, understanding the acceptance of the new treatment by patients and medical doctors in each country is important. In this study, a survey study of the acceptance of the encapsulated porcine islet xenotransplantation by the type 1 diabetic patients and medical doctors in the US was conducted.MethodsThe questionnaires consisted of the acceptance of the encapsulated porcine islet xenotransplantation without immunosuppression, and the reasons for selecting and not selecting. Moreover, we conducted a sub‐analysis among patient groups regarding severe hypoglycemia and HbA1c levels.ResultsThe majority of patients and doctors (patients, 63.8%; doctors, 70.0%) had a positive opinion to accept this treatment. A significantly high number of doctors selected no immunosuppression for selecting this treatment (patients, 35.5%; doctors, 53.6%; p < 0.001), and a significantly high number of patients selected not insulin free for not selecting this treatment (patients 20.4%, doctors 12.4%, p < 0.05). The high HbA1c group had the highest ‘definitely’ accept rate, which was significantly higher than those of the other HbA1c groups (High HbA1c group, 50.0%; other HbA1c groups, 22.2%; p < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, the majority of US patients and doctors had positive opinions to accept the encapsulated porcine islet xenotransplantation. Type 1 diabetic patients with high HbA1c levels had the highest ‘definitely’ acceptance rates.
An ultrathin triple‐band absorber for tuneable THz bio‐sensing
Authors: Deekonda Laxmi Narayana , Sahu Sanjay K. , Panda Asit Kumar , Ranjan Ratnesh , Khera Shelej 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a multimode terahertz absorber is implemented using an ultrathin silicon ring with varying multimodal resonance. The rectangular silicon ring is providing three resonances with creating electromagnetic dipoles. The altering of these resonances is explicitly controlled with the help of a circular graphene ring. The graphene ring is used in the centre for tenability and to achieve perfect absorption. An equivalent circuit model is also presented and verified for the proposed structure. The design is intended to measure the glucose percentage in water. In addition, this can be used as a biosensor for the detection of malaria parasite percentage in water. A few important parameters like sensitivity and quality factors are considered to evaluate the performance of the said design. The sensitivity with analyte thickness is found to be 0.445 THz TU−1, 0.4255 THz TU−1, and 0.4305 THz TU−1. The corresponding quality factor is noted for the lower, middle, and upper bands as 235, 653, and 264 respectively. Further, the sensitivity and quality factors were measured just by changing the refractive index. The new estimated values are 0.480 THz RIU−1, 0.403 THz RIU−1, and 0.562 THz RIU−1 and corresponding quality factors are 203, 555, and 261 for lower, middle, and upper bands respectively. The design is also expected to flourish as a polarization‐insensitive absorber.
The lncOb rs10487505 polymorphism impairs insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , Cirillo Grazia , Sanchez Gianmaria , Rondinelli Giulia , Foderini Maria Vittoria , Ferrara Serena , Di Sessa Anna , Marzuillo Pierluigi , Papparella Alfonso , Santoro Nicola , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveLeptin plays a key role in the regulation of body weight and other endocrine systems. Recently, impairment of leptin gene transcription due to genetic variations in a long noncoding RNA (lncOb) has been described. This retrospective study aims to characterize the clinical and metabolic phenotype of children and adolescents with obesity who were homozygous for the lncOb rs10487505 leptin lowering allele.MethodsEnrolled children underwent an anthropometrical evaluation, biochemical assessment, and genotyping for lncOb rs10487505. Plasma leptin levels were assessed in 150 participants. A total of 434 patients were included and divided into two groups according to rs10487505 recessive inheritance (CC vs. GG/GC).ResultsChildren who were homozygous for the C allele showed higher fasting insulin (p = 0.01), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p = 0.01), lower whole‐body insulin sensitivity index (p = 0.02), and lower disposition index (p = 0.03). Moreover, CC patients presented with a higher prevalence of prediabetes (9.3% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.04) and a 2.9‐fold (95% CI: 1.1–7.9, p = 0.04) higher risk of prediabetes compared with G‐carriers independently from confounders. Leptin plasma levels were significantly lower in the CC group (p = 0.002). Hormone levels correlated with BMI z score (r = 0.19, p = 0.04), fasting insulin (r = −0.34, p < 0.0001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.33, p < 0.0001), and disposition index (r = 0.20, p = 0.04).ConclusionsThe lncOb rs10487505 polymorphism affects leptin circulating levels, worsens insulin resistance, and heightens the risk of prediabetes in children and adolescents with obesity.
Leveraging behavioral genetics methods to accelerate obesity protection discovery: the Augmented T0 Discordant Sibling Design
Authors: Faith Myles S. , Epstein Leonard H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearchers have been reimagining strategies to accelerate the pacing of translational science progress so that basic T0 discoveries can be converted more efficiently to T1 to T4 interventions. This is certainly true in the context of childhood obesity prevention given its complex etiology and heterogeneity. Here it is submitted that behavioral genetics methods, which have transformed the understanding of childhood obesity risk, have unrealized potential to accelerate translational science into childhood obesity protection (i.e., maintaining healthy weight status despite the presence of reliable risk factors). To illustrate this opportunity, this Perspective proposes the Augmented T0 Discordant Sibling Design (DSD+), which leverages the traditional discordant siblings design by recruiting obesity‐discordant siblings specifically from families in which parents have obesity and thereby confer heightened risk. This one modification of a tried‐and‐true behavior genetics design arguably opens a fascinating door of inquiry, illustrating the broader point. Moreover, as most disorders are familial, the DSD+ may stimulate ideas beyond obesity protection.
Initial weight loss and early intervention adherence predict long‐term weight loss during the Promoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary Care in Louisiana lifestyle intervention
Authors: Höchsmann Christoph , Martin Corby K. , Apolzan John W. , Dorling James L. , Newton Robert L. , Denstel Kara D. , Mire Emily F. , Johnson William D. , Zhang Dachuan , Arnold Connie L. , Davis Terry C. , Fonseca Vivian , Thethi Tina K. , Lavie Carl J. , Springgate Benjamin , Katzmarzyk Peter T. ,   for the PROPEL Research Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested whether initial weight change (WC), self‐weighing, and adherence to the expected WC trajectory predict longer‐term WC in an underserved primary‐care population with obesity.MethodsData from the intervention group (n = 452; 88% women; 74% Black; BMI 37.3 kg/m2 [SD: 4.6]) of the Promoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary Care in Louisiana trial were analyzed. Initial (2‐, 4‐, and 8‐week) percentage WC was calculated from baseline clinic weights and daily at‐home weights. Weights were considered adherent if they were on the expected WC trajectory (10% at 6 months with lower [7.5%] and upper [12.5%] bounds). Linear mixed‐effects models tested whether initial WC and the number of daily and adherent weights predicted WC at 6, 12, and 24 months.ResultsPercentage WC during the initial 2, 4, and 8 weeks predicted percentage WC at 6 (R2 = 0.15, R2 = 0.28, and R2 = 0.50), 12 (R2 = 0.11, R2 = 0.19, and R2 = 0.32), and 24 (R2 = 0.09, R2 = 0.11, and R2 = 0.16) months (all p < 0.01). Initial daily and adherent weights were significantly associated with WC as individual predictors, but they only marginally improved predictions beyond initial weight loss alone in multivariable models.ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of initial WC for predicting long‐term WC and show that self‐weighing and adherence to the expected WC trajectory can improve WC prediction.
Unleashing the potential of AI for pathology: challenges and recommendations
Authors: Asif Amina , Rajpoot Kashif , Graham Simon , Snead David , Minhas Fayyaz , Rajpoot Nasir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractComputational pathology is currently witnessing a surge in the development of AI techniques, offering promise for achieving breakthroughs and significantly impacting the practices of pathology and oncology. These AI methods bring with them the potential to revolutionize diagnostic pipelines as well as treatment planning and overall patient care. Numerous peer‐reviewed studies reporting remarkable performance across diverse tasks serve as a testimony to the potential of AI in the field. However, widespread adoption of these methods in clinical and pre‐clinical settings still remains a challenge. In this review article, we present a detailed analysis of the major obstacles encountered during the development of effective models and their deployment in practice. We aim to provide readers with an overview of the latest developments, assist them with insights into identifying some specific challenges that may require resolution, and suggest recommendations and potential future research directions. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The clinical terrain of immunotherapies in heterogeneous pancreatic cancer: unravelling challenges and opportunities
Authors: Herpels Melanie , Ishihara Jun , Sadanandam Anguraj 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive type of pancreatic cancer and has abysmal survival rates. In the past two decades, immunotherapeutic agents with success in other cancer types have gradually been trialled against PDACs at different stages of cancer progression, either as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. Unfortunately, to this day, chemotherapy still prolongs the survival rates the most and is prescribed in clinics despite the severe side effects in other cancer types. The low success rates of immunotherapy against PDAC have been attributed most frequently to its complex and multi‐faceted tumour microenvironment (TME) and low mutational burden. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the immunotherapies tested in PDAC clinical trials thus far, their limitations, and potential explanations for their failure. We also discuss the existing classification of heterogenous PDACs into cancer, cancer‐associated fibroblast, and immune subtypes and their potential opportunity in patient selection as a form of personalisation of PDAC immunotherapy. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and/or palate: What do we tell prospective parents?
Authors: Wilkes Courtney , Graetz Melissa , Downie Lilian , Bethune Michael , Chong David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCleft lip and/or palate (CL/CP) is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly and parents often ask, “how did this happen?” Patients and families may benefit from access to a multidisciplinary team (MDT) from prenatal diagnosis into early adulthood. Multiple factors can contribute to the development of a cleft. We discuss the epidemiology and risk factors that increase the likelihood of having a newborn with a cleft. The purpose of this article is to review the prenatal investigations involved in the diagnosis and workup of these patients in addition to postpartum treatment, prognostic factors, and counseling families regarding future recurrence risk.
Thermally conductive process and mechanism of TATB‐based polymer‐bonded explosives filled with graphene: Effects of interfacial thermal resistance and morphology/content of graphene
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhang Gang , Zhao Xu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of energy‐containing materials has a significant impact on their environmental suitability during manufacturing, transportation, and storage. In order to effectively regulate the thermal conductivity of polymer‐bonded explosives (PBXs), this study investigates the effects of different aspect ratios of graphene binder and interfacial thermal resistance on the thermal conductivity of TATB‐based PBXs using the finite element method. A model was constructed using Abaqus software to establish the constitutive relationship between graphene with varying aspect ratios and the thermal conductivity of PBXs. The results indicate that the effect of different graphene aspect ratios on the overall thermal conductivity of PBXs is small when the graphene content is lower than 3%. However, the thermal conductivity of PBXs increases nonlinearly with the increase in graphene aspect ratio when the graphene content is higher than 8%. Furthermore, the interfacial thermal resistance reduces the thermal conductivity of the PBX system by approximately 0.16 W/(m K), and its effect on the thermal conductivity of the system is relatively stable and does not change significantly with increasing graphene content and aspect ratio.Highlights
Thermally conductive behavior of graphene‐filled PBX is revealed by simulation.
The effects of content and aspect ratio of graphene are systematically investigated.
The effect of interface thermal resistance is considered in the simulation.
Characterization of rain microphysics on the leeside of the Western Ghats
Authors: Murali Krishna U. V. , Das Subrata Kumar , Kolte Yogesh , Jha Abhishek , Konwar Mahen , Deshpande Sachin , Pandithurai Govindan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates the performance of four impact‐type disdrometers installed at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, located on the leeside of the Western Ghats (WG). Further, seasonal variation of rain microphysical properties is studied during premonsoon (March–May), monsoon (June–September), postmonsoon (October–November), and winter (December–February). The four disdrometers exhibit comparable raindrop size distribution (DSD) patterns, though negligible differences are found at smaller drop diameters. The DSD shows higher concentrations of smaller (large‐size) drops during monsoon (premonsoon and postmonsoon). Principal component analysis revealed three distinct modes of DSD characteristics. Monsoon DSDs are associated with a group of numerous smaller drops allied with shallow storm heights (warm rain). The premonsoon and postmonsoon DSDs are clustered in a group where ice‐based processes dominate, resulting in higher median drop diameters (D0) and smaller normalized intercept parameters (Nw). The fitted gamma DSD model indicates higher mass‐weighted mean diameter (Dm) during premonsoon, and higher intercept parameter during monsoon, whereas postmonsoon and winter have intermediate values. DSD stratified with rain rate shows that the Dm values increase with an increase in rain rate during winter, monsoon and postmonsoon, whereas in premonsoon, Dm increases initially and then decreases. Higher Dm and lower Nw are observed during convective rain in all seasons. The fitted slope–shape parameter relationships show a considerable seasonal variation. The DSD on the WG's leeside is notably different from the windward slopes and other WG locations. Different microphysical and dynamical mechanisms lead to seasonal differences in DSD characteristics. In monsoon, a considerable volume of water vapour advected from the Arabian Sea promotes the formation of raindrops through collision–coalescence processes, which may result in a higher proportion of smaller and midsized raindrops. The deeper clouds during premonsoon and postmonsoon indicate mixed‐phase processes, which lead to mid and large‐sized raindrops.
Belief reliability index determination method based on group decision‐making
Authors: Gao Ying , Zu Tianpei , Li Ruiying , Kang Rui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor newly developing systems, the determination of the reliability index is an important task in the system demonstration process that determines both the system design goal and the verification requirement. However, due to the insufficient data at the beginning of the system life cycle, the problem of epistemic uncertainty cannot be ignored. Researchers have proposed several belief reliability metrics and analysis methods to quantify the epistemic uncertainty of a system, but to the best knowledge of the authors, no relevant studies have been performed on system reliability index determination. In this paper, we propose a belief reliability index determination method based on group decision‐making. Using a similar system‐based reliability index determination method, this method comprehensively considers the demands of users and the capabilities of contractors. In addition, the Delphi method and Hadamard multiplication convex combination are combined to effectively solve the epistemic uncertainty quantification problem. The Delphi method is used to find the conflicts caused by multi‐expert scoring, and the Hadamard multiplication convex combination can integrate the scoring matrix of all experts, which makes the results more reasonable. Finally, a Low‐Earth‐orbit (LEO) satellite communication system is used to verify the effectiveness of our belief reliability index determination method.
Event‐triggered control of complex‐valued networked control systems under randomly occurring deception attacks
Authors: Lu Hongqian , Dai Xinqiang , Zhou Wuneng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the event‐triggered control problem in the complex‐valued networked control systems (CVNCS) under randomly occurring deception attacks (RODA). In order to optimize network bandwidth usage, reduce bandwidth waste, and enhance system performance, complex‐valued event‐triggered mechanism (CVETM) is introduced. In addition, to simulate a realistic network environment such as randomly occurring deception attacks (RODA) influence in the network channel, two types of network deception attacks that satisfy a Bernoulli distribution are introduced. Based on the above description, a closed‐loop complex‐valued networked control system (CVNCS) for stochastic deception attacks is constructed. The conditions that ensure stability of the system are obtained using of Lyapunov function and LMI. Additionally, the parameters for the designed controller are provided, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the designed system are demonstrated through simulation examples at the end of the article. Demonstrates that CVETM also has the same general conclusions as ETM.
Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy for soil organic matter analysis
Authors: Margenot Andrew J. , Parikh Sanjai J. , Calderón Francisco J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study of soil organic matter (SOM) can benefit from the use of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, an analytical method that complements traditional fractionation and extraction methods. This review provides guidance on the use of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) in the mid‐infrared region (MIR: 4000–400 cm−1). Two distinct applications of DRIFT spectroscopy are reviewed: soil organic matter (1) characterization and (2) quantification. Characterization of SOM involves the qualitative to semi‐quantitative measurement of functional groups that constitute organic matter, and quantification employs chemometrics to predict fractions of SOM. Guidance on decision‐making in how methods are conducted based on sample type and research question, and on interpretation of results are provided.
Toward low‐carbon emissions and green growth for sustainable development in emerging economies: Do green trade openness, eco‐innovation, and carbon price matter?
Authors: Tariq Muhammad , Xu Yingzhi , Ullah Kifayat , Dong Biying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to substantial development in emerging economies over the last three decades, climate complexities are increasing which have posed serious threats to environmental quality and sustainability. To this end, eco‐innovation, green trade openness (GTO), and carbon price have been recognized as effective tools for environmental mitigation and promotion of green growth (GG) in the core of COP 26, Sustainable Development Goals 2030, and Carbon Neutrality by 2060. Considering this, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of eco‐innovation, GTO, and carbon price on GG and low‐carbon emissions in emerging economies over the period 1996–2021. The current study provides a standard green Solow growth model by introducing a new GG index using the entropy weight method. This index incorporates 30 indicators across five dimensions which emphasizes the essential roles of the investigated factor. Additionally, the current study provides a new index for GTO utilizing an extensive green trading basket of 255 commodities. Due to the cross‐sectional dependency, and slope heterogeneity in the models, this study used dynamic heterogeneous panel data estimation techniques that is, cross‐sectional based augmented nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag, and nonlinear augmented mean group to probe the asymmetric effects. The outcomes from the empirical analysis reveal that positive shocks in environmental innovation, GTO, carbon price, and green energy mitigate carbon emissions and promote green economic growth while the negative shocks in these variables cause environmental degradation and reduce GG in emerging economies. Finally, from policy insight, this study suggests that policy makers in emerging economies should invigorate GTO, stimulate environmental innovation and green energy, implement carbon price mechanisms, and establish a balance between environmental protection and economic growth.
Mussel‐Inspired Conductive Hydrogel with Enhanced Adhesion and Toughness in All‐Hydrogel Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Wang Guanhua , Wang Tian , Shi Caixin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydrogels that combine electrical conductivity, mechanical and self‐adhesion properties have attracted considerable interest because of their promising applications in wearable devices and flexible supercapacitors, among others. However, the weak interfacial adhesion between adjacent layers of flexible supercapacitors limits their practical applications. In this work, mussel‐inspired nanocomposite hydrogels composed of tannic acid (TA)‐modified doped polyaniline (PANI) and functional monomer acrylamide (AAm) were prepared, the hydrogel exhibited good mechanical properties (903 % strain at break) and adhesion properties. In a three‐electrode system the hydrogel exhibited a specific capacitance of 851.1 mF cm−2 (at 1 mA cm−2) and good stability. All‐hydrogel supercapacitors with robust interfacial capabilities were assembled on this basis without additional immobilization. The flexible supercapacitors show favorable electrochemical performance (570 mF cm−3 at 1 mA cm−2) and provide a volume energy density 55.9 μWh cm−3 and a capacitance retention of 85.6 % after 2000 cycles. Compared with previous conductive hydrogels, this work will provide a new approach to fabricate nanocomposite hydrogels with self‐adhesive, robust mechanical properties and conductive performance, effectively improving the interfacial adhesion of integrated supercapacitors and expanding the application scope of flexible supercapacitors.