bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a dietitian in general practice: paediatric food allergy
Authors: Collinson Avril , Waddell Lisa , Freeman‐Hughes Amy , Hickson Mary 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy in infants and young children places a significant burden on primary care. This study evaluated a dietetic‐led paediatric food allergy service, which attempts to provide more rapid access to the dietitian and reduce the need for general practitioner (GP) and secondary care appointments.MethodsTwo community dietetic services for children referred with food allergy were compared. The first was dietetic‐led care where dietitians train community children's nurses to recognise potential cases of food allergy, undertake basic diagnostic assessment and subsequently refer to the dietitian. The other was a more traditional dietetic community service where patients were referred predominantly by the GP or secondary care.ResultsIn dietetic‐led care 86 patients were seen, compared to 96 in dietetic community care. Dietetic‐led care received fewer referrals from the GP, 36% versus 67% (p < 0.001); GP appointments for allergy‐related conditions prior to dietetic referral were lower, 3 versus 6 visits (p = 0.001); and input from secondary care was also lower, 8 versus 25 patients (p = 0.002) compared with dietetic community care. Children referred to dietetic‐led care were younger, 78% <6 months versus 40% (p < 0.001) in dietetic community care.ConclusionsDietetic‐led care describes a model that has the potential to reduce GP and secondary care appointments, identify patients more quickly and reduce the time to receive dietetic input, thereby resolving symptoms more quickly and reducing prescribed medications. This model demonstrates the importance of integrated care and multidisciplinary working, offering a solution to reducing GP workload while maintaining or improving patient care.
A social life cycle assessment of vanadium redox flow and lithium‐ion batteries for energy storage
Authors: Koese Maarten , Blanco Carlos F. , Vert Vicente B. , Vijver Martina G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBattery energy storage systems (BESS) are expected to fulfill a crucial role in the renewable energy systems of the future. Within current regulatory frameworks, assessing the sustainability as well as the social risks for BESS should be considered. In this research we conducted a social life cycle assessment (S‐LCA) of two BESS: the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) and the lithium‐ion battery (LIB). The S‐LCA was conducted based on the guidelines set by UNEP/SETAC and using the PSILCA v.3 database. It was found that most social risks related to the life cycle of the batteries are associated with the raw material extraction stage, while sectors related to chemicals also entail considerable risks. Workers are the stakeholder group affected most. These results apply to supply chains located in both China and Germany, but risks were lower for similar supply chains in Germany. An LIB with a nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode is associated with considerably larger risks compared to a LIB with lithium manganese oxide cathode. For a VRFB life cycle with an increased vanadium price, the social risks were higher than those of the VRFB supply chain with a regular vanadium price. Our paper shows that S‐LCA through the PSILCA database can provide interesting insights into the potential social risks associated with a certain product's life cycle. Generalizations of the results are not recommended, and one should be careful with assessments for technologies that have not yet matured due to the cost sensitivity of the methodology.
Mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger NCLX regulates glycolysis in astrocytes, impacting on cognitive performance
Authors: Cabral‐Costa João Victor , Vicente‐Gutiérrez Carlos , Agulla Jesús , Lapresa Rebeca , Elrod John W. , Almeida Ángeles , Bolaños Juan P. , Kowaltowski Alicia J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntracellular Ca2+ concentrations are strictly controlled by plasma membrane transporters, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, in which Ca2+ uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUc), while efflux occurs mainly through the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX). RNAseq database repository searches led us to identify the Nclx transcript as highly enriched in astrocytes when compared with neurons. To assess the role of NCLX in mouse primary culture astrocytes, we inhibited its function both pharmacologically or genetically. This resulted in re‐shaping of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and a metabolic shift that increased glycolytic flux and lactate secretion in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. Interestingly, in vivo genetic deletion of NCLX in hippocampal astrocytes improved cognitive performance in behavioral tasks, whereas hippocampal neuron‐specific deletion of NCLX impaired cognitive performance. These results unveil a role for NCLX as a novel modulator of astrocytic glucose metabolism, impacting on cognition.image
Physiopathological changes of ferritinmRNAdensity and distribution in hippocampal astrocytes in the mouse brain
Authors: Tortuyaux Romain , Avila‐Gutierrez Katia , Oudart Marc , Mazaré Noémie , Mailly Philippe , Deschemin Jean‐Christophe , Vaulont Sophie , Escartin Carole , Cohen‐Salmon Martine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAstrocytes are thought to play a crucial role in brain iron homeostasis. How they accomplish this regulation in vivo is unclear. In a recent transcriptomic analysis, we showed that polysomalFtl1andFth1mRNAs, encoding the ferritin light (Ftl) and heavy (Fth) chains that assemble into ferritin, a critical complex for iron storage and reduction, are enriched in perisynaptic astrocytic processes as compared to astrocytic soma. These data suggested that ferritin translation plays a specific role at the perisynaptic astrocytic interface and is tighly regulated by local translation. Here, we used our recently describedAstroDot3D in situ methodology to study the density and localization of ferritin mRNAs in astrocytes in the hippocampus in three different contexts in which local or systemic iron overload has been documented: aging, the hepcidin knock‐out mouse model of hemochromatosis and the APP/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our results showed that in wild type mice,Fth1mRNA density was higher thanFtl1and that both mRNAs were mostly distributed in astrocyte fine processes. Aging and absence of hepcidin caused an increasedFth1/Ftl1ratio in astrocytes and in the case of aging, led to a redistribution ofFth1mRNAs in astrocytic fine processes. In contrast, in AD mice, we observed a lowerFth1/Ftl1ratio.Fth1mRNAs became more somatic andFtl1mRNAs redistributed in large processes of astrocytes proximal to Amyloid beta (Aß) deposits. Hence, we propose that regulation of ferritin mRNA density and distribution in astrocytes contribute to iron homeostasis in physiology and pathophysiology.image
ABCG2 transporter plays a key role in the biodistribution of melatonin and its main metabolites
Authors: Álvarez‐Fernández Laura , Gomez‐Gomez Alex , Haro Noemí , García‐Lino Alba M. , Álvarez Ana I. , Pozo Oscar J. , Merino Gracia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ATP‐binding cassette G2 (ABCG2) is an efflux transporter expressed in the apical membrane of cells from a large number of tissues, directly affecting bioavailability, tissue accumulation, and secretion into milk of both xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The aim of this work was to characterize the role of ABCG2 in the systemic distribution and secretion into milk of melatonin and its main metabolites, 6‐hydroxymelatonin, and 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin. For this purpose, we first showed that these three molecules are transported by this transporter using in vitro transepithelial assays with MDCK‐II polarized cells transduced with different species variants of ABCG2. Second, we tested the in vivo effect of murine Abcg2 in the systemic distribution of melatonin and its metabolites using wild‐type and Abcg2−/− mice. Our results show that after oral administration of melatonin, the plasma concentration of melatonin metabolites in Abcg2−/− mice was between 1.5 and 6‐fold higher compared to the wild‐type mice. We also evaluated in these animals differences in tissue accumulation of melatonin metabolites. The most relevant differences between both types of mice were found for small intestine and kidney (>sixfold increase for 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin in Abcg2−/− mice). Finally, melatonin secretion into milk was also affected by the murine Abcg2 transporter, with a twofold higher milk concentration in wild‐type compared with Abcg2−/− lactating female mice. In addition, melatonin metabolites showed a higher milk‐to‐plasma ratio in wild‐type mice. Overall, our results show that the ABCG2 transporter plays a critical role in the biodistribution of melatonin and its main metabolites, thereby potentially affecting their biological and therapeutic activity.
Pathwise CVA regressions with oversimulated defaults
Authors: Abbas‐Turki Lokman A. , Crépey Stéphane , Saadeddine Bouazza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe consider the computation by simulation and neural net regression of conditional expectations, or more general elicitable statistics, of functionals of processes . Here an exogenous component Y (Markov by itself) is time‐consuming to simulate, while the endogenous component X (jointly Markov with Y) is quick to simulate given Y, but is responsible for most of the variance of the simulated payoff. To address the related variance issue, we introduce a conditionally independent, hierarchical simulation scheme, where several paths of X are simulated for each simulated path of Y. We analyze the statistical convergence of the regression learning scheme based on such block‐dependent data. We derive heuristics on the number of paths of Y and, for each of them, of X, that should be simulated. The resulting algorithm is implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU) combining Python/CUDA and learning with PyTorch. A CVA case study with a nested Monte Carlo benchmark shows that the hierarchical simulation technique is key to the success of the learning approach.
Long‐wavelength‐sensitive (lws) opsin gene expression, foraging and visual communication in coral reef fishes
Authors: Stieb Sara M. , Cortesi Fabio , Jardim de Queiroz Luiz , Carleton Karen L. , Seehausen Ole , Marshall N. Justin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoral reef fishes are diverse in ecology and behaviour and show remarkable colour variability. Investigating the visual pigment gene (opsin) expression in these fishes makes it possible to associate their visual genotype and phenotype (spectral sensitivities) to visual tasks, such as feeding strategy or conspecific detection. By studying all major damselfish clades (Pomacentridae) and representatives from five other coral reef fish families, we show that the long‐wavelength‐sensitive (lws) opsin is highly expressed in algivorous and less or not expressed in zooplanktivorous species. Lws is also upregulated in species with orange/red colours (reflectance >520 nm) and expression is highest in orange/red‐coloured algivores. Visual models from the perspective of a typical damselfish indicate that sensitivity to longer wavelengths does enhance the ability to detect the red to far‐red component of algae and orange/red‐coloured conspecifics, possibly enabling social signalling. Character state reconstructions indicate that in the early evolutionary history of damselfishes, there was no lws expression and no orange/red coloration. Omnivory was most often the dominant state. Although herbivory was sometimes dominant, zooplanktivory was never dominant. Sensitivity to long wavelength (increased lws expression) only emerged in association with algivory but never with zooplanktivory. Higher lws expression is also exploited by social signalling in orange/red, which emerged after the transition to algivory. Although the relative timing of traits may deviate by different reconstructions and alternative explanations are possible, our results are consistent with sensory bias whereby social signals evolve as a correlated response to natural selection on sensory system properties in other contexts.
The role of plastic and evolvedDNAmethylation in parallel adaptation of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Hu Juntao , Barrett Rowan D. H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRepeated phenotypic patterns among populations undergoing parallel evolution in similar environments provide support for the deterministic role of natural selection. Epigenetic modifications can mediate plastic and evolved phenotypic responses to environmental change and might make important contributions to parallel adaptation. While many studies have explored the genetic basis of repeated phenotypic divergence, the role of epigenetic processes during parallel adaptation remains unclear. The parallel evolution of freshwater ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) following colonization of thousands of lakes and streams from the ocean is a classic example of parallel phenotypic and genotypic adaptation. To investigate epigenetic modifications during parallel adaptation of threespine stickleback, we reanalysed three independent data sets that investigated DNA methylation variation between marine and freshwater ecotypes. Although we found widespread methylation differentiation between ecotypes, there was no significant tendency for CpG sites associated with repeated methylation differentiation across studies to be parallel versus nonparallel. To next investigate the role of plastic versus evolved changes in methylation during freshwater adaptation, we explored if CpG sites exhibiting methylation plasticity during salinity change were more likely to also show evolutionary divergence in methylation between ecotypes. The directions of divergence between ecotypes were generally in the opposite direction to those observed for plasticity when ecotypes were challenged with non‐native salinity conditions, suggesting that most plastic responses are likely to be maladaptive during colonization of new environments. Finally, we found a greater number of CpG sites showing evolved changes when ancestral marine ecotypes are acclimated to freshwater environments, whereas plastic changes predominate when derived freshwater ecotypes transition back to their ancestral marine environments. These findings provide evidence for an epigenetic contribution to parallel adaptation and demonstrate the contrasting roles of plastic and evolved methylation differences during adaptation to new environments.
Acute transvenous pacemaker lead thrombosis early after implantation: A rare clinical scenario
Authors: Domain Guillaume , Strubé Camille , Plourde Benoit , Steinberg Christian , Sarrazin Jean‐François , Roy Karine , Poirier Paul , Philippon François 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSymptomatic thrombus formation due to a permanent pacemaker (PM) lead is a rare complication. It could be associated with serious outcome and should be suspected in patients who present with unexplained right heart failure, dyspnea, or syncope following dual‐chamber PM implantation. A timely decision to perform an echocardiographic examination, followed by medical, thrombolytic, or surgical treatment can be necessary. We describe the case of an 84‐year‐old man who presented with syncope and hypotension a few days after PM implantation. A transesophageal echocardiography revealed a mobile mass in the right atrium attached to the pacemaker lead. Intravenous heparin allowed a complete resolution of the thrombus.
Temporal relationships between changes in depression and suicidal ideation: A mediation analysis in a randomized double‐blinded clinical trial
Authors: Shaygan Maryam , Hosseini Fahimeh Alsadat , Negad Soheila Sheybani 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is a considerable debate regarding the possible dependence between depression and suicidal ideation treatments. The present study used a novel mediation approach in a randomized comparison of pharmacotherapy and combined therapy to explore whether depressive symptoms mediate the association between treatment and suicidal ideation and whether it depends on the treatment condition.DesignThis study is a randomized, controlled, parallel group (1:1), clinical trial using a novel mediation approach for longitudinal data. Latent difference score modelling was utilized to investigate whether changes in depressive symptoms drive subsequent changes in suicide ideation.MethodParticipants were 94 depressive suicidal outpatients who were assessed regarding depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation over the course of an experiment (0–2‐7 months). Direct and indirect associations between (change in) depressive symptoms and (change in) suicidal ideation were explored using Pearson's correlations and latent difference score model.ResultsThe results showed that depression treatment affects not only suicidal ideation directly but also its influence on suicidal ideation occurs via improvement in depressive symptoms. It was found a more significant effect of combining pharmacotherapy and PPT (in comparison with the pharmacotherapy alone) on the early and late improvements of suicidal ideation (Δ 0–2 and Δ 2–7) via the early improvement of depressive symptoms (Δ 0–2).ConclusionsThe findings indicate that changes in depressive symptoms preceded changes in suicidal ideation. Our results highlighted that improving depressive symptoms could be a primary target in treating patients with depression experiencing suicidal thoughts.
Outcomes of pediatric obesity‐related lifestyle disease screenings in Kumamoto
Authors: Nagamatsu Fusa , Kido Jun , Suginohara Yoshiko , Nakamura Toshiro , Nakamura Rie , Komatsu Nagisa , Miyamoto Daisuke , Hamada Yasuyuki , Kashiwagi Takafumi , Sugino Shigeto , Kiyohara Hideo , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Matsumoto Shirou 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity is an important issue causing both health hazards and socioeconomic loss to those affected. Kumamoto City regularly performs obesity‐related lifestyle disease screenings for fourth grade children with obesity, including physical examinations, blood tests, and special examination referrals. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of the screenings conducted from 2011 to 2020.MethodsThe percentage of overweight was calculated using data from the Lifestyle Disease Screening Board of Kumamoto City from 2011 to 2020. The percentage of overweight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, and laboratory test outcomes of the Secondary Lifestyle Disease Test were evaluated.ResultsThe proportion of children with obesity in grades 1–4 in Kumamoto was higher than the national average, while that in grades 5–6 was lower than the national average. Among the fourth graders screened, 6521 were eligible for the Secondary Lifestyle Disease Tests, of which 3291 children underwent the test. In the testing, 22.3% of the boys and 29.1% of the girls were nonobese. Moreover, 25.9% of the boys and 19.2% of the girls, including nonobese children, required further examination and intervention. Notably, 62.1% of the boys and 46.2% of the girls who were nonobese and required special examination had a waist circumference of ≥75 cm or waist‐to‐height ratios of ≥0.5.ConclusionsObesity‐related lifestyle disease screenings contributed to preventing obesity progression. Abdominal circumference measurements may be useful in determining nonobese children at a risk of lifestyle diseases.
Acclimation Response of Green Microalgae Chlorella Sorokiniana to 2,3′,4,4′,6‐Pentachlorobiphenyl
Authors: Volgusheva Alena A. , Todorenko Daria A. , Konyukhov Ivan V. , Voronova Elena N. , Pogosyan Sergey I. , Plyusnina Tatyana Yu , Khruschev Sergey S. , Antal Taras K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effect of the toxicant 2,3′,4,4′,6‐pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB‐119) on the growth, chlorophyll content, and PSII activity of C. sorokiniana cells was investigated. A strong negative effect of the toxicant was observed at PCB concentration of 0.05 μg mL−1, when culture growth ceased, chlorophyll strongly bleached, and cell death occurred. The use of original highly sensitive fluorimeter to measure three types of high‐resolution chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics allowed us to detect an initial dramatic decrease in the activity of primary photosynthetic reactions, followed by their almost complete recovery at the end of the incubation period when most cells were dead. The study of the distribution of individual cells in culture in terms of Fv/Fm parameter, which reflects the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, revealed the existence of 2–3% of cells retaining high Fv/Fm (>0.7) in the presence of the toxicant. The treated cultures were able to resume growth after prolonged incubation in fresh medium. The high sensitivity fluorescence methods used made it possible to identify stress‐resistant cells which maintain high photosynthetic activity in the presence of lethal doses of toxic substances; these cells provide recovery of the population after stress.
Teaching empathy to medical students
Authors: McNally Gemma , Haque Enam , Sharp Sarah , Thampy Harish 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmpathy is a core skill essential to patient‐centred care. Yet a decline in empathy throughout undergraduate medical education is well recognised. The mainstay of existing teaching approaches to foster medical students' empathic ability has largely focused on the cognitive domain of empathy within the context of communication skills learning. However, there is growing evidence for educational initiatives that better evoke students' affective emotional responses.ApproachA student‐led educational initiative was created to enhance medical students' understanding of empathy through undertaking different experiential approaches. Eight medical students were invited to participate in an empathy workshop that involved two experiential approaches: personal simulation, and patient narrative, selected given their expected focus on the affective domain.EvaluationA subsequent focus group discussion explored students' reactions, learning, and intended future change in practice. Discussions were coded and analysed for descriptive themes. Both initiatives were reported to generate students' empathic responses. Personal simulation evoked more affective domains whilst patient narratives additionally created cognitive empathic insight into the impact of the patient's condition. Students also reported intended changes to their future consulting practices.ConclusionsAlthough this is a small‐scale exploration of medical students' experiences of empathy‐related teaching initiatives, it offers insight into how each initiative could target different aspects of empathy. Data support the use of even brief experiential teaching to improve medical students' empathy during their undergraduate training. We provide recommendations for clinical educators who are considering designing similar initiatives within their undergraduate medical curricula.