bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined effect of early diagnosis and treatment on the case fatality risk of COVID-19 in Japan, 2020
Authors: Amemiya Yuri , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractJapanese government initially enforced restrictions on outpatient attendances among febrile individuals suspected of having COVID-19, asking everyone to remain at home for at least 4 days from the onset of fever. This restriction was cancelled on 8 May 2020, and a new antiviral, remdesivir, was approved from 7 May 2020. To investigate how this policy change influenced the prognosis of people with COVID-19, we estimated the case fatality risk as a function of the date of illness onset from April to June 2020. We used an interrupted time-series analysis model with an intervention date of 8 May 2020, and estimated time-dependent case fatality risk by age group. The case fatality risk showed a decreasing trend in all groups, and models were favored accounting for an abrupt causal effect, i.e., immediate decline in fatality risk. The trend was estimated at − 1.1% (95% CI [confidence interval]: − 3.9, 3.0) among people aged 60–69 years, − 7.2% (95% CI − 11.2, − 2.4) among those aged 70–79 years, − 7.4% (95% CI − 14.2, 0.2) among those aged 80–89 years, and − 10.3% (95% CI − 21.1, 2.7) among those aged 90 and over. Early diagnosis and treatment greatly contributed to reducing the case fatality risk.
Poleward migration as global warming’s possible self-regulator to restrain future western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone’s intensification
Authors: Lin I-I , Camargo Suzana J. , Lien Chun-Chi , Shi Chun-An , Kossin James P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoleward migration is an interesting phenomenon regarding the shift of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) towards higher latitudes. As climate warms, TCs’ intensification is promoted, and yet over certain oceans, TCs may also migrate poleward into colder waters. To what extent this poleward shift can impact future TC’s intensification is unclear, and a quantitative understanding of these competing processes is lacking. Through investigating one of the most likely TC basins to experience poleward migration, the western North Pacific (WNP), here we explore the issue. Potential Intensity (PI, TC’s intensification upper bound) along TC’s intensification locations (from genesis to the lifetime maximum intensity location) are analysed. We find that poleward migration can partially cancel global warming’s positive impact on future WNP TC’s intensification. With poleward migration, the PI increasing trend slope is gentler. We estimate that poleward migration can reduce the increasing trend slope of the proportion of Category-5 PI by 42% (22%) under a strong (moderate) emission pathway; and 68% (30%) increasing trend slope reduction for the average PI.
Developmental timing-dependent organization of synaptic connections between mossy fibers and granule cells in the cerebellum
Authors: Kim Taegon , Park Heeyoun , Tanaka-Yamamoto Keiko , Yamamoto Yukio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe long-standing hypothesis that synapses between mossy fibers (MFs) and cerebellar granule cells (GCs) are organized according to the origins of MFs and locations of GC axons, parallel fibers (PFs), is supported by recent findings. However, the mechanisms of such organized synaptic connections remain unknown. Here, using our technique that enabled PF location-dependent labeling of GCs in mice, we confirmed that synaptic connections of GCs with specific MFs originating from the pontine nucleus (PN-MFs) and dorsal column nuclei (DCoN-MFs) were gently but differentially organized according to their PF locations. We then found that overall MF-GC synaptic connectivity was biased in a way that dendrites of GCs having nearby PFs tended to connect with the same MF terminals, implying that the MF origin- and PF location-dependent organization is associated with the overall biased MF-GC synaptic connectivity. Furthermore, the development of PN-MFs preceded that of DCoN-MFs, which matches the developmental sequence of GCs that preferentially connect with each type of these MFs. Thus, our results revealed that overall MF-GC synaptic connectivity is biased in terms of PF locations, and suggested that such connectivity is likely the result of synaptic formation between developmental timing-matched partners.
Morphological profiling by high-throughput single-cell biophysical fractometry
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Lee Kelvin C. M. , Siu Dickson M. D. , Lo Michelle C. K. , Lai Queenie T. K. , Lam Edmund Y. , Tsia Kevin K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComplex and irregular cell architecture is known to statistically exhibit fractal geometry, i.e., a pattern resembles a smaller part of itself. Although fractal variations in cells are proven to be closely associated with the disease-related phenotypes that are otherwise obscured in the standard cell-based assays, fractal analysis with single-cell precision remains largely unexplored. To close this gap, here we develop an image-based approach that quantifies a multitude of single-cell biophysical fractal-related properties at subcellular resolution. Taking together with its high-throughput single-cell imaging performance (~10,000 cells/sec), this technique, termed single-cell biophysical fractometry, offers sufficient statistical power for delineating the cellular heterogeneity, in the context of lung-cancer cell subtype classification, drug response assays and cell-cycle progression tracking. Further correlative fractal analysis shows that single-cell biophysical fractometry can enrich the standard morphological profiling depth and spearhead systematic fractal analysis of how cell morphology encodes cellular health and pathological conditions.
Microwave-assisted C–C bond formation of diarylacetylenes and aromatic hydrocarbons on carbon beads under continuous-flow conditions
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Teranishi Wataru , Sakurada Naoya , Ootori Seiya , Abe Yuka , Matsuo Tomohiro , Morii Yasuharu , Yoshimura Masatoshi , Yoshimura Takeo , Ikawa Takashi , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of polycyclic aromatic compounds generally requires stoichiometric oxidants or homogeneous metal catalysts, however, the risk of contamination of inorganic residues can affect their properties. Here we present a microwave (MW)-assisted platinum on beaded activated carbon (Pt/CB)-catalyzed C–C bond formation of diarylacetylenes and aromatic hydrocarbons under continuous-flow conditions. Various fused aromatic compounds were continuously synthesized via dehydrogenative C(sp2)–C(sp2) and C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formation with yields of up to 87% without the use of oxidants and bases. An activated, local reaction site on Pt/CB in the flow reaction channel reaching temperatures of more than three hundred degrees Celsius was generated in the catalyst cartridge by selective microwave absorption in CB with an absorption efficiency of > 90%. Mechanistic experiments of the transformation reaction indicated that a constant hydrogen gas supply was essential for activating Pt. This is an ideal reaction with minimal input energy and no waste production.
Multitask joint strategies of self-supervised representation learning on biomedical networks for drug discovery
Authors: Wang Xiaoqi , Cheng Yingjie , Yang Yaning , Yu Yue , Li Fei , Peng Shaoliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelf-supervised representation learning (SSL) on biomedical networks provides new opportunities for drug discovery; however, effectively combining multiple SSL models is still challenging and has been rarely explored. We therefore propose multitask joint strategies of SSL on biomedical networks for drug discovery, named MSSL2drug. We design six basic SSL tasks that are inspired by the knowledge of various modalities, inlcuding structures, semantics and attributes in heterogeneous biomedical networks. Importantly, fifteen combinations of multiple tasks are evaluated using a graph-attention-based multitask adversarial learning framework in two drug discovery scenarios. The results suggest two important findings: (1) combinations of multimodal tasks achieve better performance than other multitask joint models; (2) the local–global combination models yield higher performance than random two-task combinations when there are the same number of modalities. We thus conjecture that the multimodal and local–global combination strategies can be treated as the guideline of multitask SSL for drug discovery.
Machine-guided path sampling to discover mechanisms of molecular self-organization
Authors: Jung Hendrik , Covino Roberto , Arjun A. , Leitold Christian , Dellago Christoph , Bolhuis Peter G. , Hummer Gerhard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMolecular self-organization driven by concerted many-body interactions produces the ordered structures that define both inanimate and living matter. Here we present an autonomous path sampling algorithm that integrates deep learning and transition path theory to discover the mechanism of molecular self-organization phenomena. The algorithm uses the outcome of newly initiated trajectories to construct, validate and—if needed—update quantitative mechanistic models. Closing the learning cycle, the models guide the sampling to enhance the sampling of rare assembly events. Symbolic regression condenses the learned mechanism into a human-interpretable form in terms of relevant physical observables. Applied to ion association in solution, gas-hydrate crystal formation, polymer folding and membrane-protein assembly, we capture the many-body solvent motions governing the assembly process, identify the variables of classical nucleation theory, uncover the folding mechanism at different levels of resolution and reveal competing assembly pathways. The mechanistic descriptions are transferable across thermodynamic states and chemical space.
Search strategies for supermassive stars in young clusters and application to nearby galaxies
Authors: Kuruvanthodi A. , Schaerer D. , Messa M. , Adamo A. , Usher C. , Charbonnel C. , Marques-Chaves R. 
Published: April 2023

Context.Supermassive stars (SMSs) with massesM ≳ 103 − 104M⊙formed by runaway collisions in young, massive, and dense star clusters have been invoked as a possible solution to the problem of the presence of multiple stellar populations and peculiar abundance patterns observed in globular clusters (GCs). However, no such objects have been observed so far.Aims.We aim to develop observational strategies to search for SMSs hosted within young massive clusters (thought to be the precursors of GCs) using both photometric and spectroscopic observations. Such strategies could be applicable in a relatively general fashion.Methods.We used theoretical predictions of the spectra of SMSs and SMS-hosting clusters, together with predictions from standard simple stellar populations to examine their impact on color–color diagrams and on individual optical spectral lines (primarily hydrogen emission and absorption lines). As a first step, we applied our search strategies to a sample of about 3000 young star clusters (YSCs) from two nearby galaxies with multiband observations from the HST and optical integral-field spectroscopy obtained with MUSE on the Very Large Telescope.Results.We focus on models for SMSs with large radii (corresponding toTeff ≲ 7000 K), which predict strong Balmer breaks, and construct proper color–color diagrams to select the corresponding SMS-hosting cluster candidates. We show that the spectrophotometric properties of these latter are similar to those of normal clusters with ages of a few hundred million years. However, the cluster SEDs show signs of composite stellar populations due to the presence of nebular lines (Hαand others). Examining the photometry, overall SEDs, and the spectra of approximately 100 clusters with strong Balmer breaks, we find several objects with peculiar SEDs, the presence of emission lines, or other peculiar signatures. After careful inspection of the available data, we do not find good candidates of SMS-hosting clusters. In most cases, the composite spectra can be explained by multiple clusters or H IIregions inside the aperture covered by the spectra, by contamination from a planetary nebula or diffuse gas, or by improper background subtraction. Furthermore, most of our candidate clusters are too faint to host SMSs.Conclusions.We demonstrate a strategy to search for SMSs by applying it to a sample of YSCs in two nearby galaxies. Our method can be applied to larger samples and also extended to higher redshifts with existing and upcoming telescopes, and therefore should provide an important test for GC-formation scenarios invoking such extreme stars.
X-ray radiative transfer in full 3D with SKIRT
Authors: Vander Meulen Bert , Camps Peter , Stalevski Marko , Baes Maarten 
Published: April 2023

Context. Models of active galactic nuclei (AGN) suggest that their circumnuclear media are complex with clumps and filaments, while recent observations hint towards polar extended structures of gas and dust, as opposed to the classical torus paradigm. The X-ray band could form an interesting observational window to study these circumnuclear media in great detail.
Aims. We want to extend the radiative transfer code SKIRT with the X-ray processes that govern the broad-band X-ray spectra of obscured AGN, to study the structure of AGN circumnuclear media in full 3D, based on their reflected X-ray emission.
Methods. We extended the SKIRT code with Compton scattering on free electrons, photo-absorption and fluorescence by cold atomic gas, scattering on bound electrons, and extinction by dust. This includes a novel treatment of extreme-forward scattering by dust, and a detailed description of anomalous Rayleigh scattering. To verify our X-ray implementation, we performed the first dedicated benchmark of X-ray torus models, comparing five X-ray radiative transfer codes.
Results. The resulting radiative transfer code covers the X-ray to millimetre wavelength range self-consistently, has all the features of the established SKIRT framework, is publicly available, and is fully optimised to operate in arbitrary 3D geometries. In the X-ray regime, we find an excellent agreement with the simulation results of the MYTORUS and REFLEX codes, which validates our X-ray implementation. We find some discrepancies with other codes, which illustrates the complexity of X-ray radiative transfer and motivates the need for a robust framework that can handle non-linear 3D radiative transfer effects. We illustrate the 3D nature of the code by producing synthetic X-ray images and spectra of clumpy torus models.
Conclusions. SKIRT forms a powerful new tool to model circumnuclear media in full 3D, and make predictions for the X-ray band in addition to the dust-dominated infrared-to-UV wavelength range. The new X-ray functionalities of the SKIRT code allow for uncomplicated access to a broad suite of 3D X-ray models for AGN that can easily be tested and modified. This will be particularly useful with the advent of X-ray microcalorimeter observations in the near future.
D’ennemis à amants : la coopération trophique entre S. aureus et P. aeruginosa autour de l’acétoïne
Authors: Blanc Jules , Cadot-Jet Ninon , Deshayes Tom 
Published: April 2023

Ce dossier a été rédigé par les étudiantes et étudiants de Master 1 (M1) de biologie de l’École normale supérieure de Lyon à l’issue de l’unité d’enseignement (UE) Microbiologie moléculaire et structurale (2021-2022). Le Master de biologie de l’ENS de Lyon accueille chaque année environ 40 étudiants en M1 et en M2 et propose une formation de haut niveau à la recherche en biosciences. Chaque étudiant y construit son parcours à la carte, en choisissant ses options parmi un large panel de modules, favorisant ainsi une approche pluridisciplinaire des sciences du vivant, en relation étroite avec les laboratoires de recherche du tissu local, national et international.
En participant à diverses activités scientifiques liées aux UE de leur formation, les étudiants préparent également l’obtention du Diplôme de l’ENS de Lyon, qui valide leur scolarité à l’ENS. La rédaction du présent dossier, qui vise à transmettre de façon claire les messages issus d’une sélection d’articles scientifiques publiés récemment par des laboratoires lyonnais dans le domaine de la microbiologie, constitue l’une de ces activités connexes proposées aux étudiants.
Acute Effects of Whole-Body Electrostimulation Combined with
Stretching on Lower Back Pain
Authors: Silvestri Adriano , Ruscello Bruno , Rosazza Cristina , Briotti Gianluca , Gabrielli Paolo Roberto , Tudisco Cosimo , D'Ottavio Stefano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractData from recent studies suggest that whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS)
is a time-effective and tailored intervention for chronic lower back pain
(CLBP). The aim of this non-randomized controlled study was to compare the
efficacy of a WB-EMS training and the association between WB-EMS specific
training with passive stretching (Well Back System, [WBS]) on CLBP. Forty
patients with CLBP, 43–81 years old, were assigned to one of the two
groups: WB-EMS (n=20) and WB-EMS+WBS (n=20). Both groups
completed 12 sessions (8 weeks) of the WB-EMS protocol
(2×20 minutes/week). The second group performed
core-specific exercises with WB-EMS plus 6 extra stretching sessions
(30 minutes each). Primary study endpoints were based on changes on the
visual analogue scale (VAS) and changes on the Oswestry Low Back Disability
Questionnaire (ODI). Secondary study endpoints were percentage changes of
maximum trunk flexion (Sit & Reach, [SR]) and changes in consumption of
painkillers. Both interventions significantly improved VAS, ODI, and SR values
(p range: 0.04;<0.001). However, the change of VAS
(–46% vs. –17%, p<0.001), ODI
(–53% vs. –17%, p<0.001), and SR
(+ 7 vs.+3 cm, p=0.001) were
significantly higher in the WB-EMS+WBS group compared to the WB-EMS
group. The working method with WB-EMS+WBS can be a joint-friendly,
individualized form to decrease CLBP.
Peripartum Cerebral Angiopathy
Authors: Sallam Amr , McWilliams Sebastian R. , Boyle Karl , Larkin Caroline M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeripartum cerebral angiopathy (PCA) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder of unclear etiology that typically occurs in the first postpartum week. The aim of this case series is to present seven cases of PCA and the associated outcomes. Two of the cases were typical of a reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and had no long-term sequelae. Five of the cases involved intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the absence of an underlying vascular lesion, with three of the five cases having associated cerebral vasoconstriction. None of the patients had a documented history of preeclampsia or hypertension during pregnancy. It has been suggested that there is pathophysiological overlap between PCA and eclampsia and RCVS. There is limited evidence in the literature in this regard and, in most cases, treatment has been supportive only. As a condition, PCA may be under-recognized in the neurocritical care setting. Increased awareness of this condition, its manifestations, and options for management may optimize outcomes.
When Do Patients with Breast Cancer Seek Help from Psycho-oncology Services? A 3-Year Retrospective Study from India
Authors: Mukherjee Arnab , Samanta Bidisha , Sharma Varuna , Shrestha Aagon Krishna , Chattopadhyay Shreshta , Bhowmick Chitralekha , Ghosh Joydeep , Ganguly Sandip , Agrawal Sanjit Kumar , Datta Soumitra Shankar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women. In the last few decades, the outcome of breast cancer has improved significantly in terms of survivorship and quality of life. However, it is crucial that alongside managing the disease, breast cancer services address and manage associated or co-occurring psychiatric illnesses such as acute stress reactions, procedural anxieties, adjustment issues, depression, and fear of recurrence, which leads to an overall better experience of the patient.
Objective There is a paucity of data on the patterns of psychiatric morbidity in patients with breast cancer who access psycho-oncology services in a naturalistic setup outside research studies from India. The current study focused on exploring this alongside reporting the common treatment methods adopted for this group of patients.
Materials and Methods Real-life data from electronic patient records were retrospectively reviewed for all patients with breast cancer accessing integrated psycho-oncology services in a tertiary care hospital in India over three 3 years (2018–2020). The various psychiatric morbidities were reported, along with associated cancer demographic data, disease characteristics, and treatment details.
Results Of all the breast cancer patients (n = 338) in the calendar years 2018 to 2020 reviewed by psycho-oncology services, the most common psychiatric diagnosis was depressive illness (n = 100, 29.6%), followed by adjustment disorders (n = 68, 20.1%) and anxiety (n = 66, 19.5%). There was a significant minority with serious enduring mental illnesses such as schizophrenia (n = 11, 3.3%) and bipolar disorders (n = 14, 4.1%). On the other hand, 14.2% (n = 48) of the patients with breast cancer who attended Psycho-oncology outpatient department did not have any psychiatric syndrome. Around 16.3% of patients could be managed without a prescription for any medications and almost half of the patients needed only one psychotropic medicine. Psychological interventions were used for 45.6% of patients.
Conclusion Integrated psycho-oncology services in a cancer hospital catering to patients with breast cancer help in psychiatric assessment, diagnosis, and addressing the mental health needs of patients. The treatment offered needs to be nuanced and individualized and may require a combination of psychotropic medications and psychological techniques.
The factors associated with teachers’ job satisfaction and their impacts on students’ achievement: a review (2010–2021)
Authors: Hoque Kazi Enamul , Wang Xingsu , Qi Yang , Norzan Normarini 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe success of any educational organization depends heavily on the effectiveness of its teachers, who are tasked with transferring knowledge, supervising students, and enhancing the standard of instruction. Teachers’ job satisfaction has a significant impact on the lessons they teach since they are directly involved in transferring knowledge to students. In order to determine the effect of teachers’ job satisfaction (TJS) on students’ accomplishments, the researchers sought to analyze the empirical studies conducted over the previous 12 years (SA). To determine the characteristics that link to instructors’ job satisfaction and their effect on students’ achievement, thirty-two empirical studies were examined. The analysis of world-wide empirical research findings shows four types of results: (i) In some countries, teachers’ job satisfaction is low, but students’ achievement is high (Shanghai, China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore) (ii) In some countries, teacher job satisfaction is high, but student achievement is low (Mexico, Malaysia, Chile, Italy). (iii) In some countries, teachers’ job satisfaction is high, and so is student achievement (Finland, Alberta, Canada, Australia). (iv) In some countries, teacher job satisfaction is low, which has a negative impact on student achievement (Bulgaria, Brazil, Russia). In sum, irrespective of countries, highly satisfied teachers give their best to their students’ success, not only by imparting knowledge but also by giving extra attention to ensure the better achievement of each student. The review of this study makes it even more worthwhile to reflect on the need to avoid stereotypical considerations and assessments of any objective presentation of the phenomenon and to reflect more deeply on the need to assess the validity of the relationship study.