bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining Body Condition of Dairy Cows for Early Diagnosis of Physiological Diseases
Authors: Pavkin D. Yu. , Yurochka S. S. , Polikanova A. A. , Dovlatov I. M. 
Published: June 2023

The paper points out the problem with automated diagnostics of body condition in dairy cattle, including ketosis. The conducted research is aimed at determining the possibility for non-contact automated diagnostics of the cattle physiological state on a daily basis. (Research purpose) To develop an algorithm for complex operational diagnostics of the physiological state of dairy cows by their live weight and body condition. (Materials and methods) Field data were collected in 2021-2022 on the FSUE Grigoryevskoye (Yaroslavl Region), Istra Cheese Factory and Lenin Dairy State Farm (Moscow Region). A commercial 3D ToF (Time-of-Flight) camera O3D303 was used. The 3D camera is capable of calculating and displaying the Point Cloud space as a multidimensional array. The program received 144 images, 136 images passed the filtering stage, 6 images did not detect the areas of interest, because of the high level of image noise, and the sacrum was not detected. 62 cows were subject to research. (Results and discussion) The sample and the dependence are proved to be representative as the Pearson correlation coefficient equals R=0.849, which shows a strong linear relationship between the body condition score and live weight. It was determined that in 24 percent of cases the body condition score is less than the least normal one. An algorithm was developed to help veterinarians to detect the animals that need additional examination. (Conclusions) It was found that the developed algorithm helps to quickly detect ketosis in dairy cows and automatically diagnose physiological diseases at an early stage, without additional labor and monetary costs.
Redesigning TBM-1.7 Combustion Unit to Expand the Temperature Range
Authors: Kliuchnikov A. S. , Lapin E. N. 
Published: June 2023

It is shown that the transition to a new low-temperature method of convective drying leads to a reduction in grain drying costs.The implementation of this method is confirmed to require expanded temperatures generated by the TBM-1.7 furnace unit that the SZSh-16A shaft dryer is equipped with. It is noted that a plant-manufactured burner nozzle works smoothly only when the fuel consumption is 40-100 kilograms per hour, and the air heating temperatures are 50-130 degrees Celsius. (Research purpose) To determine the jet optimal parameters for smooth operation of the nozzle in the TBM-1.7 combustion unit working on the liquid fuel at the extended air heating temperatures of 15-130 degrees Celsius. (Materials and methods) The designs of four types of jets were studied on the burner nozzle of the TBM-1.7 combustion unit. In total, the operation of 160 jets was examined. The jets were made of steel. They differed in the number of holes, their length, diameter, the availability of threads. (Results and discussion) It is determined that the nozzle smooth operation is provided only by jets with threaded holes, whose optimal length is 4 millimeters. The air heating temperature of 15-25 degrees Celsius is provided by M3 four-hole jet, and the temperature of 25-40 degrees Celsius is provided by M4 three-hole jet. (Conclusions) It is found that jets with smooth holes, regardless of their types, do not provide fuel combustion. It is found that the transition to a new low-temperature convective method led to a reduction in fuel consumption during the drying process, which, in turn, made it possible to save 300 thousand rubles during the harvesting period on the experimental farm in 2022.
Determining The Drying Rates of Fabrics with Different Knit Structures by Fuzzy Logic Method
Authors: AKARSLAN KODALOĞLU Feyza , KODALOĞLU Murat 
Published: June 2023

Drying; It is a process applied to reduce the amount of water in a product or to reduce it to very low levels. The constantly changing conditions during the drying process make it difficult to determine the most suitable operating conditions to perform the drying process, such as drying time, energy consumption and product structural characteristics.
In terms of a suitable drying, it is important to be able to control the factors affecting the drying depending on the characteristics of the product. Among these factors, the drying method and the pre-treatments that can be applied are also effective on drying. The high temperatures applied during drying and other conditions that are not chosen correctly can cause negative results in both the appearance of the product.
The drying process in the textile industry is an expensive and laborious process that requires a lot of energy. The main purpose of the drying process is to provide maximum energy saving and energy efficiency at minimum time and cost without compromising the quality and structural properties of the material used. In this study, four fuzzy models were created depending on fabric fiber blend ratios and knitting structure in order to determine the effect on drying speed depending on time and temperature by using fuzzy logic method, which is one of the artificial intelligence methods.
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Prediction on Meningioma, Glioma with Tensorflow
Authors: BACAK Aslı , ŞENEL Mustafa , GÜNAY Osman 
Published: June 2023

Brain tumors can significantly affect a patient's life in a variety of ways. Classification of brain tumors is also important. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as machine learning and deep learning can be very beneficial to physicians to classify tumors based on various parameters.
In this study, the dataset is comprised of two distinct components which were prepared specifically for testing and training purposes, respectively. TensorFlow software library was used to utilize of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN).
Since the most suitable weight values to solve the problem in deep learning are calculated step by step, the performance in the first epochs was low and unstable compared to the progressive values, and the performance increased as the number of epochs increased. However, after a certain step, the learning status of our model decreased considerably. The accuracy of the created model was observed to reach 0,90.
As a result, as stated in its intended use, a mechanism that helps physicians and uses time efficiently has been successfully developed. In order to obtain more efficient results, the data set used in the study can be expanded, allowing deep learning models to work more effectively.
Use of 3D Optical Techniques in the Analysis of the Effect of Adding Rubber Recyclate to the Matrix on Selected Strength Parameters of Epoxy–Glass Composites
Authors: Charchalis Adam , Kneć Marcin , Żuk Daria , Abramczyk Norbert 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The article presents a method of modifying the strength properties of epoxy–glass composite by changing the percentage composition of the matrix by the addition of rubber recyclate. Taking into account environmental protection and economic conditions in the process of recycling and utilisation of waste, it is advisable to look for applications of non-degradable waste materials. Based on epoxy resin, a glass mat with a random direction of fibres and rubber recyclate, a test material with different percentage compositions was produced. Samples from the manufactured materials were subjected to a static tensile test on a ZwickRoell testing machine using the ARAMIS SRX measuring system. In addition, CT (computerized tomography) scans of the inside of the samples were made using a ZEISS METROTOM 6 Scout tomograph, and observations of the internal structures were made using a scanning electron microscope. The use of optical and microscopic techniques enabled the precise determination of strength parameters of the examined composites and the analysis of the behaviour of samples under load. The analysis of deformations over time in the examined samples showed a beneficial effect of the addition of rubber recyclate on the elastic properties of the examined composites.
Deterministic Seismic Damage Analysis for Concrete Gravity Dams: A Case Study of Oued Fodda Dam
Authors: Ouzandja Djamel , Berrabah Amina Tahar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the major dangers for seismic damage of concrete dams is the propagation of cracks in dam concrete. The present study undertakes a numerical investigation of the seismic damage for Oued Fodda concrete gravity dam, located in the northwest of Algeria, considering the impacts of properties of joints along the dam-foundation rock interface and cross-stream earthquake excitation. Three-dimensional transient analyses for coupled dam-foundation rock system are carried out using Ansys software. The hydrodynamic effect of reservoir fluid is modelled using the added mass approach. The smeared crack approach is utilised to present the seismic damage of dam concrete using the Willam and Warnke failure criterion. The dam-foundation rock interface joints are presented with two ways, adhesive joints and frictional joints. The Drucker–Prager model is considered for dam concrete in nonlinear analyses. Consideration of the study results indicates that the frictional joints model can reduce the seismic response and damage hazard of the dam body to a better extent compared with the adhesive joints model. Furthermore, the application of cross-stream earthquake excitation reveals the significant effect on cracking response of the dam in the two models of joints.
Synthesis and docking studies of new 5-bromoindole-2-carboxylic acid oxadiazole derivatives as EGFR inhibitors
Authors: Hassan Omeed Muhsin , Mahmood Ammar A. Razzak , Tahtamouni Lubna 
Published: June 2023

The current study reports the design and synthesis of novel oxadiazole derivatives of 5-bromoindole-2-carboxylic acid and their molecular docking properties. In order to determine the structure of the new oxadiazole derivatives (3, 4a, 4b), a number of spectroscopic techniques (IR and 1HNMR) were employed. Molecular docking analysis indicated that compounds 3, 4a, 4b showed favorable binding free energy against the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain. None of these compounds appeared to suppress cytochrome P450, and all of them showed appropriate absorption levels. Moreover, they did not exhibit any hepatotoxicity when tested in vitro. Compound 4a Reported to have the highest stability, with a good net binding energy, and an excellent binding energy with hot amino acids. Dipole moment is also rather high. This result is an indication of compound 4a is with superior capacity to create hydrogen bonds over erlotinib. Likewise, compound 4a was found to be the most stable in its interaction with EGFR tyrosine kinase. Finally, molecular dynamic simulation revealed excellent outcomes for compound 4a.
A case of necrotizing fasciitis developing after cesarean section
Authors: Kaplan İsa 
Published: June 2023

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare condition that is observed in obstetric and gynecological practices. It is a rapidly progressive and often fatal complication. Failure to obtain an early diagnosis and delay in initiating appropriate treatment can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Our case was 25 years old, and she was in her first pregnancy. The patient had no systemic disease or history of previous surgery. Our patient’s baby was delivered by cesarean section with an indication of emergency fetal distress. During the cesarean section, it was observed that the amniotic fluid contained very dark meconium. No complications occurred during the cesarean section. Our patient presented with complaints of severe pain, bullae, and hyperemia at the level of the incision line one week later. In her vital findings, fever was 39.3 ºC, blood pressure was 90/60 mmHg, and heart rate was 110 /min. In laboratory tests, white blood cell count was 25,280 /mm3, C-reactive protein (CRP) was 431 mg/dL, and sedimentation was 100 mm/hour. On the ultrasonographic examination, air, significant edema, and thickening were observed in the incision line, skin, and subcutaneous tissues. On the computed tomography scan, thickening of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, fluid locations, and areas of air densities were observed over a wide area extending to the level of the thoracic 10th and 11th vertebrae superiorly and to the mons pubis inferiorly. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with NF. After broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and fluid-electrolyte support, extensive surgical debridement was performed under emergency conditions. Before applying the skin graft, vacuum-assisted wound closure was performed, and a very good response was obtained. The patient, whose pathology result was compatible with necrotizing fasciitis, was discharged on the 20th post-operative day. In this case, we aimed to present a case of NF after cesarean section.
APPLICATION OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE ON DROUGHT CODE CLASSIFICATION IN NORTH SUMATRA INDONESIA
Authors: Butar Butar Kartika Dewi , Sihombing Poltak , Tulus Tulus 
Published: June 2023

This study aims to classify the Drought Code in North Sumatra. Drought Code is part of Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS) developed in Canada. One of the sub-systems of FDRS is Fire Weather Index (FWI) that aims to evaluate fire hazards from current and past weather conditions. Drought Code is classified by using Support Vector Machine. Support Vector Machine is widely used in the data classification process. One of the advantages of Support Vector Machine methods is it has ability in classifying large amount of data and classifying more than two classes or multi-classes. Weather parameters used in this study are rainfall and temperature in North Sumatra. The data used are from 8 (eight) meteorological observation stations in North Sumatra from 2017 to 2021. Drought Code is carried out with several tests using several kernels contained in SVM.
DETERMINATION OF RUPTURE DIRECTIVITY USING THE LEVENBERG-MARQUARDT ALGORITHM: A CASE STUDY PHILIPPINE EARTHQUAKE (15 DECEMBER 2019 M_w 6.8)
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad Nurul , Sungkono Sungkono , Madlazim Madlazim 
Published: June 2023

Earthquake source mechanisms are used to determine local geological characteristics and hazard mitigation. There are several approaches to determine the mechanism of earthquake. In this paper, the relative time of the rupture duration is applied to determine rupture directivity. In determining rupture directivity, the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method is proposed to solve the inversion problem. To test the reliability of this method, teleseismic data with an epicentral distance of 40o from the Philippine earthquake on 15 December 2019 6.8, which had a good seismic station distribution with a total of 35 stations, is used. Telesismic data from each station is filtered in the range of 0.25 to 1 Hz to obtain an accurate rupture duration. Furthermore, the rupture duration data set was inverted using the LM method to obtain the direction of earthquake rupture. The results obtained by the curve fitting using the LM method had a good agreement between the observed data and the calculated data. From the curve fitting results, the rupture propagated in the NW direction with azimuth 320.60o ± 2.30o, and this had the same results from previous studies. Therefore, from rupture directivity, the actual fault plane of this earthquake was NP1 which had a strike/dip/rake value of 321o/75o/13o, respectively. The results indicate that the Philippines earthquake of 15 December 2019 had the SE-NW fault orientation, which is part of the Cotabato fault system. The implication of this research is for a preliminary study related to the characteristics of earthquake rupture in areas that have a high level of seismicity. Thus, local residents can avoid areas where ruptures propagate when carrying out earthquake mitigation.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF LOCAL CERAMICS WITH ACTIVATED CARBON ADDITIVE BASED ON RUBBER FRUIT SHELLS AS THERMAL INSULATORS
Authors: Kurniawan Chandra , Yuliza Elfi , Irkhos Irkhos , Fitriani Dyah 
Published: June 2023

Many building materials that function as insulators to maintain indoor temperature stability during hot weather have been developed. One of them is porous ceramics applied to building walls as heat absorbers. Research related to the manufacture of porous ceramics began to emerge to find the optimal composition when applied as an insulator that can absorb heat well. In general, porous ceramics use activated carbon as a pore agent. Activated carbon can be obtained by carbonating agricultural wastes such as coconut shells, hazelnut shells, rubber fruit shells, rice husks, and cocoa shells. Research continues to develop in finding the best-activated carbon base material according to the required material characteristics. Researchers will take advantage of the abundant potential of local natural resources. The method used to make porous ceramics is to mix clay and activated carbon with a clay-carbon composition ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. The sample is made by mixing the two materials and then printed by dry pressing method with a load of 5 tons held for 10 minutes. After the sample is dried at room temperature, it is sintered at 900oC with a holding time of 3 hours. Next, the sample is characterized by determining density, porosity, and water absorption and then tested for thermal properties. After that, the surface morphology and elements in the sample are seen. The optimum composition of clay-carbon mixture is 70:30 grams. Ceramics using activated carbon from rubber fruit shells are suitable as building construction materials as heat insulators because they can absorb heat up to 500oC.
KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT PADA ANGGUR LAUT (Caulerpa lentilifera) BUDIDAYA DAN ALAM
Authors: Purenji Aura Ramadhanti , Antara Kadek Lila , Maharani Made Dwipa Kusuma 
Published: June 2023

Komoditas rumput laut adalah salah satu produk pada sektor perikanan dan kelautan yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu jenisnya adalah anggur laut atau yang biasa dikenal dengan Caulerna lentillifera yang sangat banyak tersebar di perairan seluruh Indonesia. Air sebagai media hidup anggur laut tidak lepas dengan adanya bahan-nahan tercemar dan salah satu yang membahayakan biota budidaya adalah logam berat (pb). Keberadaan logam berat tentunya dapat mengganggu kehidupan anggur laut yang dibudidayakan, sehingga perlu mengetahui kadar logam berat yang terkandung dalam anggur laut supaya tidak mempengaruhi kehidupan anggur laut di alam dan yang dibudidayakan serta tidak membahayakan manusia yang menjadi konsumen. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat pada anggur laut alam dan anggur laut budidaya. Prosedur penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri dari proses pra penelitian hingga pengamatan dan pengecekan kandungan logam berat. Hasil penelitian kadar logam berat anggur laut budidaya mendapatkan hasil yang baik, sedangkan untuk alam terdapat kadar logam berat Pb sehingga bisa dikatakan tidak terlalu baik. Hasil pengukuran panjang ramuli minggu pertama adalah 3,3 cm, minggu kedua 4,4 cm kemudian bertambah panjang diminggu ketiga menjadi 5,8 cm, dan berakhir diminggu keempat dengan bertambah panjang 6,9 cm. Hasil perhitungan jumlah ramuli minggu 1 menujukkan hasil penghitungan rata - rata ramuli adalah 12 ramuli, penghitungan ramuli di minggu pertama mengalami pertambahan rata – rata ramuli menjadi 14 pada minggu kedua dan bertambah ramuli di minggu ketiga menjadi 17 kemudian berakhir diminggu keempat dengan rata-rata 19 ramuli. Kualitas air yang digunakan dalam budidaya Anggur laut di Desa Musi dan anggur laut alam masih dalam status normal.
Assessment of genetic diversity in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) using micro satellite markers
Authors: Kumar Amit , Chaudhary Reshu , Kumar Ashwani , Sharma Neha 
Published: June 2023

An effective way to use germplasm for genetic improvement is to be aware of the genetic variation among crop genotypes. The objective of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 30 genotypes of pigeonpea from populations that were collected from various sources. In order to show a new structure within the pigeonpea genetic pool and to give crucial information for pigeonpea breeding operations, the predetermined study's goal was to define pigeonpea genotypes using a microsatellite marker technique. The genomic DNA of 30 pigeon pea genotypes were amplified with 20 SSR primers that produced 46 amplified bands, out of which 30 band were polymorphic (65.21%) and 16 bands were monomorphic (34.82%). Primer CcM 2977 generated a maximum number of amplified bands, of which 2 bands were polymorphic. Among 20 primers, only 8 primers showed the highest polymorphism (100%) and 5 primers were monomorphic in nature. Average of 2.30 bands per primer was amplified. The dendrogram constructed from the pooled data revealed six distinct clusters of which five were solitary. Cluster analysis of pigeon pea genotypes was based on Unweighted Pair Group Method with the Arithmetic average (UPGMA) method and the 30 pigeon pea genotypes were classified into six main groups. The present study indicated that the performance of SSR markers for the evaluation of genetic diversity could be beneficial for pigeon pea breeding. They could additionally be useful in genomic mapping research, developing pigeon pea cultivars with various genetics and reaping advanced crop productivity.
Plant species composition and product utility pattern of Garo homegardens in Meghalaya, India
Authors: Marak Naldarine M. , Upadhyaya K. , Nongtri A. , Lyngdoh N. 
Published: June 2023

Home garden is a traditional landuse system practiced by many rural households in the tropical region. The composition and management practices within homegardens are largely driven by cultural setup and ecological conditions. The present study characterized the plant species composition, utility patterns and management of Garo homegardens in Dadenggre block, West Garo Hill district of Meghalaya, India. Fifty households from 5 villages were randomly selected and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The homegardens size ranged between 0.07 and 1.29ha, harbouring 132 plant species, out of which 74 species were trees, 19 shrubs and 39 herbs. Among the perennials, Areca catechu (areca nut) was the most common contributor to household earnings. When species were grouped into 9 utility classes (timber, medicinal, fruit, fuelwood, fodder, vegetables, ornamental, spice, and others), highest number was for fuelwood, followed by vegetables and fruits. The average household income was Rs. 318/100m2, the highest contribution from the sale of vegetables. Various home garden management activities were conducted, engaging family members and generating employment for others. Animal rearing is common in many households and the application of animal manure and household waste has helped maintain soil fertility of homegardens’ soils. Homegardens are integral to the Garo society, contributing significantly to household needs and activities.