bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven linear complexity low‐rank approximation of general kernel matrices: A geometric approach
Authors: Cai Difeng , Chow Edmond , Xi Yuanzhe 
Published: July 2023

SummaryA general, rectangular kernel matrix may be defined as where is a kernel function and where and are two sets of points. In this paper, we seek a low‐rank approximation to a kernel matrix where the sets of points and are large and are arbitrarily distributed, such as away from each other, “intermingled”, identical, and so forth. Such rectangular kernel matrices may arise, for example, in Gaussian process regression where corresponds to the training data and corresponds to the test data. In this case, the points are often high‐dimensional. Since the point sets are large, we must exploit the fact that the matrix arises from a kernel function, and avoid forming the matrix, and thus ruling out most algebraic techniques. In particular, we seek methods that can scale linearly or nearly linearly with respect to the size of data for a fixed approximation rank. The main idea in this paper is to geometrically select appropriate subsets of points to construct a low rank approximation. An analysis in this paper guides how this selection should be performed.
Depression mediates the relationship between social capital and health‐related quality of life among Chinese older adults in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Ping , Liu Xiao‐Li , Zhang Rong‐Mei , Xia Ning 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the association between social capital and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and to determine whether depression mediates the association among Chinese older adults in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional research design.MethodsThe Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, Social Capital Questionnaire and 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey were used to investigate 1201 older adults selected from Jinan, Shandong Province, China, using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method.ResultsPearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between social capital and HRQoL (r = 0.269, p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated that social capital was significantly negatively associated with depression (β = −0.072, p < 0.001) and that depression was associated with HRQoL (β = −1.031, p < 0.001). The mediation analyses showed that depression mediated the association between social capital and HRQoL, and the indirect effect size was 0.073 (95% confidence interval: 0.050, 0.100).
A comparative study on sPEEK‐based composite membranes with various inorganic fillers using different preparation routes for DMFCs
Authors: Dönmez Göknur , Gülcan Mert , Deligöz Hüseyin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, proton‐conducting sulfonated polyether ether ketone (sPEEK) membranes including tungstic acid, organically modified montmorillonite, and silicon dioxide were prepared using solution casting method for direct methanol fuel cells. All obtained composite membranes had adequate thermal stability for fuel cells, and their surfaces became more hydrophilic due to the incorporation of additives. The ion exchange capacities of the composite membranes were found to be very close to the sPEEK membrane. While the proton conductivity of the sPEEK membrane was 8.6 mS cm−1, the addition of additives led to an enhancement in the proton conductivity values. Among the prepared composite membranes, sPEEK‐H2WO4‐5 had the highest proton conductivity (36.5 mS cm−1) which was comparable to Nafion117 in water at room temperature. On the other hand, the methanol permeabilities of the composite membranes were in the same order compared to sPEEK but showed minor changes depending on the added materials and their compositions. Among the membranes obtained by solution casting, sPEEK‐H2WO4‐5 was found to be the best composite membrane due to its high proton conductivity and acceptable methanol permeability. Layer‐by‐layer modified sPEEK membranes were also obtained in the study for comparison and it was found that sPEEK‐PAH/H2WO4‐2 displayed the best selectivity value.
Hypercalcemia in metastatic parathyroid carcinoma followed by hypocalcemia after resection: A case report
Authors: Ohashi Takuya , Kawago Mitsumasa , Hirai Yoshimitsu , Yata Yumi , Fusamoto Aya , Iguchi Hideto , Nakaya Takahito , Kiyoi Megumi , Miyasaka Miwako , Kawaji Mari , Furuta Yuki , Nishimura Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA 72‐year‐old man was diagnosed with hypercalcaemia 13 years ago. He was diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism associated with a parathyroid tumour and surgery was performed. Postoperatively, his serum calcium levels, which had once normalized, rose again. Medical treatment for hypercalcaemia failed to control the condition. A chest computed tomography showed multiple pulmonary nodules which were diagnosed as pulmonary metastases of parathyroid carcinoma. The tumour was considered to be the cause of the hypercalcaemia and volume reduction surgery was performed. Immediately after surgery, the patient presented with hypocalcaemia and required calcium correction with Calcium Gluconate Hydrate. Since then, the serum calcium level has stabilized and the patient has progressed without medical treatment. Parathyroid carcinoma is rare. This is a valuable case in which the serum calcium level was controlled by surgery. The patient also developed post‐operative hypocalcaemia, which should be reported.
A‐site coordinating cation engineering in zero‐dimensional antimony halide perovskites for strong self‐trapped exciton emission
Authors: Liu Xingyi , Gao Xiaowen , Xiong Lin , Li Shuoxue , Zhang Yu , Li Qi , Jiang Hong , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional hybrid halide perovskites represent a promising class of materials in optoelectronic applications because of strong broad self‐trapped exciton (STE) emissions. However, there exists a limitation in designing the ideal A‐site cation that makes the material satisfy the structure tolerance and exhibit STE emission raised by the appropriate electron–phonon coupling effect. To overcome this dilemma, we developed an inorganic metal‐organic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) coordinating strategy to synthesize a series of zero‐dimensional (0D) Sb‐based halide perovskites including Na3SbBr6·DMSO6 (1), AlSbBr6·DMSO6 (2), AlSbCl6·DMSO6 (3), GaSbCl6·DMSO6 (4), Mn2Sb2Br10·DMSO13 (5) and MgSbBr5·DMSO7 (6), in which the distinctive coordinating A‐site cation [Am‐DMSO6]n+ efficiently separate the [SbXz] polyhedrons. Advantageously, these materials all exhibit broadband‐emissions with full widths at half maxima (FWHM) of 95–184 nm, and the highest photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of 3 reaches 92%. Notably, compounds 2–4 are able to remain stable after storage of more than 120 d. First‐principles calculations indicate that the origin of the efficient STE emission can be attributed to the localized distortion in [SbXz] polyhedron upon optical excitation. Experimental and calculational results demonstrate that the proposed coordinating strategy provides a way to efficiently expand the variety of novel high‐performance STE emitters and continuously regulate their emission behaviors.
Thermo‐responsive fluorine‐free foam stabilized by PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer (EO)100(PO)65(EO)100 for pool fire suppression
Authors: Qiu Ke , Yu Xiaoyang , Li Qian , Li Huan , Kang Ning , Lu Shouxiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch and development of novel fluorine‐free materials to replace fluorinated aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF) are crucial for improving pool fire suppression performance and protecting the environment. In this study, we report the thermo‐responsive fluorine‐free foam stabilized by triblock PEO–PPO–PEO copolymers (EO)100(PO)65(EO)100 for pool fire suppression. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and reflected light interferometric techniques are conducted to study the molecular self‐assembly in bulk and film thinning behavior, and the foaming kinetics of copolymer solution and thermophysical properties of the liquid foam are studied by dynamic surface tension and oscillatory rheology analysis. At room temperature, the amphipathic structure of PEO–PPO–PEO makes it possible to absorb at the air–liquid interface forming large‐scale liquid foams containing the mobile films with a detergent state. Upon heating to the surface cooling temperature of burning oil, the mobile films can be actively switched into mechanically strong films with rigid surfaces. The in situ switching of the two interfacial states leads to the significant enhancement of the foam stability, especially under the dual defoaming effects of heat and oil. What's more, it is observed that the confinement of organized copolymer micelles in the Plateau borders and micellar self‐layering in film confinement induce drainage delay of foam and film's stepwise thinning phenomenon, further increasing film thickness and enhancing the thermal stability of the foam. In standard fire‐fighting tests, it is proved that the burnback performance exhibited by thermo‐responsive copolymer foams is three times better than that for classical fluorine‐free foams and almost 1.5 times higher than that for commercial AFFF.
AflatoxinB1 (AFB1) and its toxic effect on the broilers intestine: A review
Authors: Sarker Md Touhiduzzaman , Wan Xiao Li , Yang Hai Ming , Wang Zhi Yue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the predominant mycotoxin that originated toxicity in broilers through oxidative damage, intestinal barrier dysfunction, reduced immune system and dysfunction of microorganisms and enzymes in target organs. The intestine is the first AFB1 target organ destroyed after the bird's body is induced. This review summarises the current knowledge of the negative results of AFB1‐induced intestinal damage on broiler production. It was conducted in accordance with the relevant studies in the cited literatures being retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Web of Science. First, AFB1 can change the intestinal barrier function by destroying the intestinal architecture, tissue and cell integrity of the gut epithelium. Second, AFB1 can damage the immune barrier function of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Third, the microbiota of birds interacts closely with the ingested aflatoxin. Finally, because broilers are tremendously sensitive to AFB1 contamination, the poisonous and noxious effects of this mycotoxin in the broiler industry cause millions of dollars in losses every year. This review briefly discussed that the AFB1, which affects the intestines of broiler chickens, was reduced the immune apparatus, antioxidant protection system, gastric system, and broiler production status and its impact on human health. Therefore, this review will improve our perception of the important intestine in a bird's health and the adverse effect of AFB1.
Anatomical variation of the posterior septal artery leads to refractory epistaxis
Authors: An Dong‐Jiao , Li Zu‐Fei , Zhao Xiao‐Chang , Liu Jin‐Feng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo report a rare variant of the posterior septal artery (PSA), which supplies blood to the posterior mucosa of the contralateral nasal septum.Case reportA 31‐year‐old female patient underwent suture removal 14 days after septoplasty and developed left‐sided epistaxis 6 h after suture removal. To safely and effectively relieve the patient from epistaxis, the cauterization of the left PSA was performed under general anesthesia. However, 24 h after the first surgical hemostasis, the patient experienced epistaxis again in the right nasal cavity. We have reviewed the patient's sinus computed tomography again and found a rare variant of PSA, which is the right‐sided PSA passing through a bony canal in the left‐sided nasal septum.DiscussionThe variant of PSA well explained the failure of the first hemostatic surgery. Therefore, we again performed a cauterization of the right‐sided PSA, after which the patient recovered and no further epistaxis occurred.ConclusionWhen cauterization of PSA is used to manage posterior epistaxis, it is necessary to pay attention to the possible variation in PSA.
Gutes Leben im hohen Alter: Fazit und Implikationen
Authors: Kaspar Roman , Simonson Julia , Tesch-Römer Clemens , Wagner Michael , Zank Susanne 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungMit der Studie D80+ „Hohes Alter in Deutschland“ werden erstmals für den gesamtdeutschen Raum repräsentative Aussagen zur Lebenssituation der sehr alten und ältesten Menschen möglich. Die Datenbasis ist vor dem Hintergrund eines umfassenden Verständnisses von Lebensqualität thematisch breitgefächert sowie inhaltlich und methodisch anschlussfähig an die laufende Altersberichterstattung des Bundes und der Länder (z. B. NRW) aus etablierten Altersstudien wie dem Deutschen Alterssurvey (DEAS). Das Studienprotokoll für diese einzigartige Studie wurde seit Mitte 2015 am Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health (ceres) im interdisziplinären Team aus Vertreter:innen der Gerontologie, Soziologie, Psychologie, Ethik sowie Medizin entwickelt. Es wurde gemeinsam sowohl mit älteren Menschen als auch führenden sozialwissenschaftlichen Umfrageinstituten validiert. Der Erhebungs- und Auswertungsplan für eine deutschlandweite Hochaltrigenstudie wurde seit Anfang 2019 zwischen ceres und dem Deutschen Zentrum für Altersfragen (DZA) abgestimmt.
Auswirkungen kognitiver Einschränkungen (Demenz) auf Lebensqualität und Versorgung
Authors: Brijoux Thomas , Zank Susanne 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungZwischen November 2020 und April 2021 wurde im Rahmen der bundesweit repräsentativen Studie „Hohes Alter in Deutschland“ eine schriftliche Befragung von mehr als 10.000 Personen ab 80 Jahren zu deren Lebenssituation und Lebensqualität durchgeführt. Hiervon beantworteten 3233 Personen bis Dezember 2021 in einem zusätzlichen telefonischen Interview weitergehende Inhalte, unter anderem war ein kognitives Screening Teil der telefonischen Interviews. Dieser siebte Kurzbericht aus der deutschlandweiten Repräsentativbefragung stellt dar, wie hochaltrige Menschen mit Demenz wohnen und versorgt werden und beschreibt ihre subjektive Lebensqualität während der Pandemie.
Origami Life
Authors: Geary Cody 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRegardless of the scale it is built at, the geometric principles of origami make it an architecture both constrained by the act of folding and imbued with dynamics by folding. From space stations to molecules, origami solutions are inspiring a new type of design that considers its deployment as an integral part of the structure. In this essay, I will explain some surprising similarities between the ancient art of folding paper origami and the folding of RNA at the nanoscale.
Sequenceable Event Recorders
Authors: Cardelli Luca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith recent high-throughput technology, we can synthesize large heterogeneous collections of DNA structures and also read them all out precisely in a single procedure. Can we use these tools, not only to do things faster, but also to devise new techniques and algorithms? In this paper, we examine some DNA algorithms that assume high-throughput synthesis and sequencing. We record the order in which N events occur, using $$N^2$$

N
2

redundant detectors but only N distinct DNA domains, and (after sequencing) reconstruct the order by transitive reduction.
Computational Design of Nucleic Acid Circuits: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Lakin Matthew R. , Spaccasassi Carlo , Phillips Andrew 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver the past 40 years, significant progress has been made on the design and implementation of nucleic acid circuits, which represent the computational core of dynamic DNA nanotechnology. This progress has been enabled primarily by substantial advances in experimental techniques, but also by parallel advances in computational methods for nucleic acid circuit design. In this perspective, we look back at the evolution of these computational design methods through the lens of the Visual DSD system, which has been developed over the past decade for the design and analysis of nucleic acid circuits. We trace the evolution of Visual DSD over time in relation to computational design methods more broadly, and outline how these computational design methods have tried to keep pace with rapid progress in experimental techniques. Along the way, we summarize the key theoretical concepts from computer science and mathematics that underpin these design methods, weaving them together using a common running example of a simple Join circuit. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of DNA nanotechnology, we also offer some thoughts on possible future directions for the computational design of nucleic acid circuits and how this may influence, and be influenced by, experimental developments.
Parallel Computations with DNA-Encoded Chemical Reaction Networks
Authors: Gines Guillaume , Genot Anthony J. , Rondelez Yannick 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMolecular programs use chemical reactions as primitives to process information. An interesting property of many of these amorphous systems is their scale-invariant property: They can be split into sub-parts without affecting their function. In combination with emerging techniques to compartmentalize and manipulate extremely small volumes of liquid, this opens a route to parallel molecular computations involving possibly millions to billions of individual processors. In this short perspective, we use selected examples from the DNA-based molecular programming literature to discuss some of the technical aspects associated with distributing chemical computations in spatially defined microscopic sub-units. We also present some future directions to leverage the potential of parallel molecular networks in applications.
Models of Gellular Automata
Authors: Hagiya Masami , Hongu Taiga 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe summarize our work on gellular automata, which are cellular automata we intend to implement with gel materials. If cellular automata are implemented as materials, it will become possible to realize smart materials with abilities such as self-organization, pattern formation, and self-repair. Furthermore, it may be possible to make a material that can detect the environment and adapt to it. In this article, we present three models of gellular automata, among which the first two have been proposed previously and the third one is proposed here for the first time. Before presenting the models, we briefly discuss why cellular automata are a research target in DNA computing, a field which aims to extract computational power from DNA molecules. Then, we briefly describe the first model. It is based on gel walls with holes that can open and exchange the solutions that surround them. The second model is also based on gel walls but differs in that the walls allow small molecules to diffuse. In presenting the second model, we focus on self-stability, which is an important property of distributed systems, related to the ability to self-repair. Finally, we report our recent attempt, in the third model, to design gellular automata that learn Boolean circuits from input–output sets, i.e., examples of input signals and their expected output signals.
Closed-form formulae for inflation correlators
Authors: Qin Zhehan , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We derive exact and closed-form expressions for a large class of two-point and three-point inflation correlators with the tree-level exchange of a single massive particle. The intermediate massive particle is allowed to have arbitrary mass, spin, chemical potential, and arbitrary nonderivative or derivative couplings to external inflaton modes. We also allow the coupling coefficients to have arbitrary complex power dependences on the conformal time. Our results feature closed-form expressions involving only familiar special functions and without any infinite sums. This is achieved by an improved bootstrap method with a suitable change of variables. Our results cover a wide range of cosmological collider models and can be directly used for future phenomenological studies. Our results can also be used as basic building blocks for constructing more complicated inflation correlators.
Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: cross sections and widths
Authors: Biondini S. , Brambilla N. , Qerimi G. , Vairo A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In order to predict the cosmological abundance of dark matter, an estimation of particle rates in an expanding thermal environment is needed. For thermal dark matter, the non-relativistic regime sets the stage for the freeze-out of the dark matter energy density. We compute transition widths and annihilation, bound-state formation, and dissociation cross sections of dark matter fermion pairs in the unifying framework of non-relativistic effective field theories at finite temperature, with the thermal bath modeling the thermodynamical behaviour of the early universe. We reproduce and extend some known results for the paradigmatic case of a dark fermion species coupled to dark gauge bosons. The effective field theory framework allows to highlight their range of validity and consistency, and to identify some possible improvements.
Trinification from E6 symmetry breaking
Authors: Babu K. S. , Bajc Borut , Susič Vasja 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the context of E6 Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), an intriguing possibility for symmetry breaking to the Standard Model (SM) group involves an intermediate stage characterized by either SU(3) × SU(3) × SU(3) (trinification) or SU(6) × SU(2). The more common choices of SU(5) and SO(10) GUT symmetry groups do not offer such breaking chains. We argue that the presence of a real (rank 2 tensor) representation 650 of E6 in the scalar sector is the minimal and likely only reasonable possibility to obtain one of the novel intermediate stages. We analyze the renormalizable scalar potential of a single copy of the 650 and find vacuum solutions that support regularly embedded subgroups SU(3) × SU(3) × SU(3), SU(6) × SU(2), and SO(10) × U(1), as well as specially embedded subgroups F4 and SU(3) × G2 that do not contain the SM gauge symmetry. We show that for a suitable choice of parameters, each of the regular cases can be obtained as the lowest among the analyzed minima in the potential.