bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcendental Analysis in Phenomenology of Perception
Authors: Berendzen Joseph C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In order to count as genuinely transcendental, a philosophical theory must seek to uncover necessary, universal structures that shape our perspective on the world. Chapters 3 and 6 provide evidence that Merleau-Ponty did engage in this style of analysis in Structure and Phenomenology. But there are aspects of his views that work against this interpretation as well. He explicitly blurs the distinction between the empirical and transcendental, questions the search for conditions of possibility, and places limits on reflection. This chapter will clarify Merleau-Ponty’s conception of reflection in Phenomenology, and show how it ties into a genuine form of transcendental analysis. These considerations will also lead to a discussion of Merleau-Ponty’s melding of empirical and transcendental argumentation and elucidate his thoughts on the validity of the natural sciences.
Retooling Development Aid in the 21st Century
Authors: Fardoust Shahrokh , Koeberle Stefan G. , Piatti-Fünfkirchen Moritz , Smets Lodewijk , Sundberg Mark 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Global threats such as pandemics, climate change, inequality, and conflict have made it increasingly difficult to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Modalities for aid need to adjust to new priorities. This volume examines the critical role of budget support in effectively responding to the new realities developing countries face, by providing fast-disbursing finance in support of critical, recipient country-owned reforms. Set against the background of a dramatically changing international financial architecture, the volume examines how budget support has evolved from its controversial past, debates over externally imposed conditionality, and unmet expectations from the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. With the global financial crisis and the Covid pandemic, and the food and fuel crisis unleashed by the Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, budget support has reemerged as a key financing instrument to support policy reforms and catalyse private capital. The volume proposes a retooling of budget support as a versatile instrument to address development challenges of the next decade.
The Performance of Budget Support
Authors: Fardoust Shahrokh , Koeberle Stefan G. , Piatti-Fünfkirchen Moritz , Smets Lodewijk , Sundberg Mark 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How effective is budget support in supporting policy reform? Conventional evaluation metrics demonstrate that budget support has performed as well as project financing. A review of empirical evidence and quantitative analysis at the country level indicates that supporting economic policy reform has been more effective than certain areas of public sector governance and social policy. The country context, policy dialogue, project design, analytical work and the timing of support matter for programme success. There is evidence of decreasing returns to policy lending over time. Budget support can be effective even in fragile and conflicted-affected states and helps support policy reform in times of economic crisis, when its impact may be particularly great. In the right context, budget support can be effective in putting the Paris Principles of aid effectiveness into practice. If country ownership is lacking, however, providing conditional financing generally does not lead to sustained reform.
Reputations At Stake
Authors: Harvey William S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Reputation is important to all of us. Organizations cannot ignore reputation because it impacts the sales of products or services, the share price if publicly listed, and the types of employees an organization can attract and retain. Reputation is relevant for governments and politicians because it influences public perceptions and voting. It also relates to us at an individual level and impacts on how we can operate and integrate within our home, work, and social lives. This book provides evidence-based and engaging examples that reveal a compelling story about the phenomenon of reputation. Reputation is not merely a macro-level strategic issue (e.g. for governments, corporations, or charities), a meso-level intermediation issue (e.g. for mass media, social media, and PR agencies), or a micro-level operational issue (e.g. for leaders, managers, or employees), but it is a multi-scale phenomenon that impacts everyone. The multiple ways that different and often conflicting reputations are playing out are articulated through research and examples, from the British royal family, libraries during lockdown, the world of influencers, Rio Tinto in Madagascar, white-collar inmates in a US Federal Prison, and companies including BP, VW, and McKinsey & Company.
Reputation and Power
Authors: Harvey William S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks at reputation and power. I begin by explaining how reputation plays an important role in determining who the electorate are voting for in a political election. I explore how different stakeholders may influence our choices, including family and friends and intermediaries. However, it is not always clear who people are voting for: a candidate, a party, a cause, or something else. The proliferation of discussion around stakeholder capitalism and stakeholder theory highlights the growing pressure for entities to engage with a broader set of groups. This emphasis stems from governments and leaders recognizing the threats that they face from different directions. The growth of intermediaries and the speed and reach of their impact is forcing governments to respond swiftly to societal expectations. While there have always been different responses to government, the polarization of opinion is starker and exacerbated through echo chambers.
The Global Scale of Reputation and Crisis Management Across Multiple Borders
Authors: Harvey William S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the importance for organizations of managing their reputations across borders. Many organizations, from corporations to private firms and non-governmental organizations and start-ups, have operations in many countries. This creates reputation opportunities in the form of access to new customers. However, organizations also face significant and varied reputational risks through operating in multiple jurisdictions. The challenges are complicated considering the broader expectations of stakeholders who are pressing organizations to show their wider responsibilities to societies and the planet. There are also the added technological threats, from malignant applications of artificial intelligence such as synthesized media, also referred to as deep fakes, which stemmed from the pornographic industry and have expanded into the political and business arena. While there has been some progress in relation to environmental and social issues, there are also concerns about greenwashing and bluewashing where there is a perception of more emphasis on impression management than action. Social media platforms can amplify the organization’s desired message, but with so much sound being drowned out audiences often turn to proxies such as prominent influencers for trusted insight.
Responding to Threats
Authors: Harvey William S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Whether we like it or not, every entity is susceptible to reputation threats, including perceptions of vaccines, royal families, national governments, corporations, charities, small businesses, leaders, managers, employees, and even school children in the playground. There are countless examples of how different groups have faced reputation threats. This chapter shows through two case studies of a global management consulting firm and a major meat processing firm how different forms of criticism can be navigated. In the case of the consulting firm, the focus is on how its identity (how its members perceived the organization) fell out of line with its reputation (how others perceived the organization). With the meat processing firm, I explore how the company shifted systemic cultural problems through leadership and empowering front line workers. In both cases, lessons are learned around how different reputation threats can be overcome.
The Growing Threat of Professional Misconduct
Authors: Harvey William S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is evidence of growing levels of professional misconduct. This is bad news for governments, organizations, individuals, and society because it is financially damaging and socially harmful for many groups in the long term. It is popular to frame professional misconduct as a function of a rogue employee or a toxic workplace. However, the unpopular reality is the wrong context means that we can all find ourselves susceptible to committing professional misconduct. Drawing on a unique research project led by Navdeep Arora, we studied seventy white-collar inmates in a United States Federal Prison. We explain how the combination of individual triggers, organizational contexts, and the environmental milieu explain why and how well-educated and previously successful individuals find themselves crossing ethical and legal lines, and catastrophically falling from grace.
Observing
Authors: McAleer John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the natural world encountered by travellers. As ships sailed south through the Atlantic, the ocean, its water and waves, and its living inhabitants became points of intense interest; so too did the sky overhead, the weather it brought, and the stars that illuminated evenings spent walking on deck. Notwithstanding descriptions that remarked on the loneliness and isolation of oceanic voyages, the waters surrounding the ship, as well as the skies overhead, frequently teemed with life and marked the passage from one region to another. The responses evoked here chime with the awestruck wonder with which many travellers greeted the Atlantic. This chapter underlines the fact that the history of the production of knowledge is one in which the ship looms large.
Conclusion
Authors: McAleer John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
On her way to India in 1840, Lydia Baker recounted that she was ‘determined not to think about arriving till after we had passed the Cape, and now we are fairly past I may indulge myself with the prospect’. It was only when the Atlantic had been successfully negotiated that travellers’ thoughts turned elsewhere. This concluding chapter briefly sketches the remainder of the route to Asia, highlighting the fact that its relative absence from historical sources suggests a diminution of interest in the voyage once the first stage had been successfully negotiated. It also draws the thematic strands of the discussion together to offer broader reflections on the role of ships, seas, and voyages in histories of the East India Company and the British Empire more generally.
Introduction
Authors: Chapman Nathan S. , McConnell Michael W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The First Amendment contains two mutually reinforcing provisions about religion: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” The Free Exercise Clause protects the right to practice religion according to conscience and conviction, and the Establishment Clause prevents the government from coercing or using governmental power to influence religious beliefs and practice. However, the correct interpretation of the Establishment Clause is a matter of deep uncertainty and continuing controversy. This book first explores the legal history of establishment and disestablishment in the United States. It then turns to the most significant areas of modern disputation: education, public funding of religiously related public services, free exercise accommodations, regulation of the internal decisions of religious organizations, and public religious symbols.
Prayer, Bible Reading, and Coercion
Authors: Chapman Nathan S. , McConnell Michael W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Supreme Court’s prayer-in-school cases. The decisions outlawing school prayer have been unpopular, but they are firmly grounded in the history and rationale of disestablishment, particularly the principle against government prescribed religious beliefs and coerced religious exercise. Unfortunately, the Court did not initially moor its school prayer decisions in the anti-coercion principle, leading to decades of confusion about the freedom of students and teachers to engage in private religious exercise at public schools. The Court’s current doctrinal settlement faithfully adapts the disestablishment principle of religious neutrality for a religiously pluralistic society.
Church Autonomy
Authors: Chapman Nathan S. , McConnell Michael W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores one of the central, but least understood, features of disestablishment: The right of churches and other religious organizations to govern their internal affairs. Disestablishment generally put an end to state control of ecclesial governance, but sometimes laws of general applicability have the effect of intruding on church decisions. The two most important examples are the application of employment discrimination laws to the selection of ministers and other employees of religious organizations, and the judicial resolution of disputes between church groups competing for ownership of real property. In the former case, the Supreme Court has unanimously held that religious groups have absolute control over the selection of ministers. The Court has yet to announce a rule for church property disputes, but we think that courts should just apply the ordinary, religiously neutral property regime, allowing churches to assign rights variously to donors, ministers, church hierarchies, and congregations by contract as they see fit.
The Sound of War
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As emigrant cattle companies throughout Utah endured cattle raids during the month of September 1857, Brigham Young and his counselor, Nauvoo Legion lieutenant general Daniel H. Wells, keep up their efforts to stop the U.S. troops’ advance towards Utah. They send emissaries to Washington, warning the federal government that they will resist the troops’ entrance into their settlements and seeking the diplomatic help of their humanitarian, non-Mormon friend, Thomas L. Kane of Philadelphia. Kane visits President Buchanan about Young’s warning, but Buchanan brushes him off. Young and other leaders declare martial law in Utah. Meanwhile, after Indians and settlers become ill and die from a mysterious illness at Corn Creek in central Utah, local settlers mistakenly speculate that the massacred emigrants poisoned the creek, which led local Indians to follow them south to the Mountain Meadows and massacre them there.
The Mormon Game
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Utah Expedition suffers through a miserable winter in the wilderness after Mormon militiamen successfully prevent them from reaching Utah’s settlements before snows set in on the trails. Colonel Albert Sidney Johnson guides his troops to the site of Fort Bridger, recently burned down by the Mormon militiamen, where they establish their winter quarters called Camp Scott. Alfred Cumming, the governor appointed to replace Brigham Young, writes to Young to announce that he is the new governor and that the seat of Utah government is now temporarily located at Camp Scott, though the Latter-day Saints reject Cumming’s declaration. Through the winter at Camp Scott, a power struggle ensues between Cumming, who is conciliatory towards the Mormons, and Utah judge Delana Eckles and the military. Meanwhile, Thomas L. Kane arrives in southern Utah and continues his journey towards Salt Lake City.
Make All Inquiry
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Jacob Hamblin reaches Provo from southern Utah, where he shares with George A. Smith what he has learned about the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Hamblin then goes to the abandoned Salt Lake City, where he seeks out Governor Alfred Cumming. Cumming sends Hamblin to see Utah’s new federally appointed superintendent of Indian Affairs, Jacob Forney, who had been directed by his superiors in Washington to search for the rumored surviving children. Hamblin tells Forney that he knows where some of the survivors are, including some who are living in his own home. Hamblin gives a partly accurate account of the massacre to Forney. Not long later, General Albert Sidney Johnston and his troops finally reach the Salt Lake Valley and march through an empty but beautiful Salt Lake City, camping outside the city limits as agreed upon. A peace conference is held, the Mormons accept the presidential pardon, and peace is achieved.
A Line of Policy
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Apostles George A. Smith and Amasa Lyman travel throughout southern Utah, preaching economy and self-reliance as Utah faces a disease infestation of crops. After passing through the Mountain Meadows and receiving false information about the massacre from its perpetrators, Smith, as church historian, writes a flawed report of the event, full of false motives and half-truths. This version of events essentially becomes the one that Brigham Young and Latter-day Saints accept and retell for decades. Jacob Hamblin, working as a subagent for Superintendent of Indian Affairs Jacob Forney, reports to Forney that he has ascertained the locations of most of the surviving children. Forney instructs him to gather them to his home in Santa Clara until the children can be escorted back to their relatives in Arkansas. In Arkansas, William C. Mitchell writes Forney’s superior with a list of the families he believes the children may be part of.
Bring to Light the Perpetrators
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Federally appointed Judge John Cradlebaugh of Utah’s second judicial district and newly appointed U.S. district attorney Alexander Wilson arrive in Utah. Judge Sinclair of Utah’s third district opens court in Salt Lake City. Sinclair tries to resurrect the treason indictment that Judge Delana Eckles had issued against Brigham Young, but Wilson has it dismissed based on James Buchanan’s presidential pardon. Sinclair’s court also rules that federally appointed U.S. marshals should execute Utah territory’s laws, rather than the territorial marshals and attorneys elected by Utahns. Wilson and Jacob Forney continue an investigation of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, as Cradlebaugh opens his first court in Provo. He requests General Albert Sidney Johnston to station a small detachment of troops outside the courthouse. Judge Sinclair’s and Judge Cradlebaugh’s actions deepen the conflict that has long existed between the settlers of Utah and federally appointed officials.
Cut Off
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Brigham Young, John Wesley Powell, Jacob Hamblin, John D. Lee, William Dame, and many others take an exploring trip together. During the trip, Young tells Lee to move to the Paria River country. Later, Young learns from Erastus Snow about the role of Lee and others in the massacre. After returning to Salt Lake, Young calls for Nephi Johnson, who gives him a full account of the massacre. Young is furious and between sessions of his church’s October 1870 general conference excommunicates Lee, Haight, and one other man. Lee learns of his excommunication and demands a rehearing, which is not granted. Lee angrily confronts Lorenzo Roundy, one of Snow’s informants. Philip Klingensmith swears an affidavit about the massacre, the first participant to do so. The Salt Lake Tribune launches and quickly becomes the voice of the anti-Mormon party in Utah. A campaign against polygamists in Utah is begun.
Zeal O’erleaped Itself
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A political battle ensues among Judge McKean, George C. Bates, and Robert N. Baskin and their supporters. Meanwhile, the U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision in Clinton v. Englebrecht, overturning decisions from McKean’s court that violated the local jury law. Meanwhile, John D. Lee keeps a nervous vigil at the Lonely Dell, his new settlement at the confluence of the Paria and Colorado Rivers. Lee relocates his wife Rachel and their children to a spring along the Vermillion Cliffs road called Jacob’s Pools and now Rachel’s Pools. Members of the Powell Expedition visit the Lees. John D. Lee gives an account of the massacre to them and to Cincinnati Commercial correspondent John H. Beadle. Lee has a drink with the federal marshal, no longer worried about being prosecuted.
Mr. Howard Gives Promise
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The new prosecutor, Sumner Howard, arrives in town. He avoids political entanglements and focuses on bringing indicted criminals to justice. He resolves to try the Mountain Meadows case against Lee by not alienating the jury like his predecessor and instead finding witnesses who saw Lee kill victims. Howard seeks and obtains the cooperation of Latter-day Saint leaders because he has no real evidence against them. Howard goes to survey the Mountain Meadows. George Adair tries to turn state’s evidence. Howard dismisses the case against Dame without prejudice, meaning that Dame can be tried later if evidence arises.
The Demands of Justice
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The jury returns a verdict of first-degree murder. Lee claims there was jury tampering, but the evidence shows otherwise. John D. Lee expresses great anger in letters to his wives and blames his church’s leaders for sacrificing him. Utah’s Liberal Party initially excoriates prosecutor Sumner Howard for obtaining a conviction in the case because it upset efforts to disfranchise Latter-day Saints. Judge Jacob Boreman denies the defense’s motion for a new trial. Lee tries to get his family to capture Isaac Haight, John Higbee, and William Stewart. Lee gives William Bishop the rights to his life story.
Allow the Law to Take Its Course
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sumner Howard asks George Q. Cannon to use his influence to have him appointed as Judge Jacob Boreman’s successor. William Bishop appeals Lee’s case to Utah Supreme Court but loses again. Bishops demands John D. Lee’s life story as soon as possible. Lee sends what he has written in March 1877, and it includes nothing about his time in Utah or the massacre. Bishop asks for Lee’s journals so he can finish the story, and Lee gives them to him. Howard hopes to make more arrests and prosecute perpetrators. Utah governor George W. Emery receives multiple petitions to pardon Lee but rejects them all.