bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the optimum calcination temperature for water treatment plant sludge to develop a sustainable alkali activated concrete
Authors: Abdelhalim Jasmin Osama , Amer Ismail , Abdel Latif Ibrahim , Fawzy Ihab , Ismail Sayed , Khalaf Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nowadays, Egypt is treating the Nile River Water to produce drinking water, and this process generates large amounts of waste, around 635 million m3 annually, which is called water treatment plant sludge (WTPS). This WTPS cost the government around 30 million US dollars to return it back to the Nile River in addition to negatively affecting the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find environmentally friendly alternatives that reduce the impact of such an issue. This paper focuses on treating WTPS by drying, grinding and calcining to develop it as an alternative binder for use in alkali-activated concrete. This approach would not only provide green construction material but also reveal an environmental disposal route for the sludge produced in Egypt or in any country has the same issue. The treatment methodology used in this study was based on finding the optimum calcination temperature regime for WTPS after drying and grinding. Fifteen specimens of WTPS powder were used to investigate the optimum calcination temperature and duration by applying different temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 800 °C for various exposure durations of 30, 60 and 90 min. XRD and Chapelle tests were employed to chemically investigate the efficiency of the obtained calcined WTPS specimens, while strength activity index and compressive strength tests were used to mechanically verify the findings of the chemical tests. The results indicated that the calcination regime, which involved applying a maximum temperature of 650 °C for 90 min, achieved the best chemical characteristics and a strength activity index of 145%. Moreover, this regime resulted in a compressive strength of 21 MPa when WTPS powder was used as a precursor in alkali-activated concrete. Additionally, this paper presented a brief comparison of the production cost and energy consumption between cement and WTPS. The comparison demonstrated the efficiency of using WTPS as a replacement for cement, showing that the production of WTPS costs 50% less and consumes 92% less energy than cement.
Cortical changes associated with an anterior cruciate ligament injury may retrograde skilled kicking in football: preliminary EEG findings
Authors: Piskin Daghan , Cobani Gjergji , Lehmann Tim , Büchel Daniel , Baumeister Jochen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACLi) impact football players substantially leading to performance declines and premature career endings. Emerging evidence suggests that ACLi should be viewed not merely as peripheral injuries but as complex conditions with neurophysiological aspects. The objective of the present study was to compare kicking performance and associated cortical activity between injured and healthy players. Ten reconstructed and 15 healthy players performed a kicking task. Kicking biomechanics were recorded using wearable inertial measurement unit sensors. Cortical activity was captured with a 64-electrode mobile electroencephalography. Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis of biomechanics revealed increased variability in foot external rotation among injured players. Source-derived event-related spectral perturbations indicated significant differences in posterior alpha and frontal theta oscillations between the two groups. Furthermore, kick-related complexity of these regions as indexed by MSE was reduced in injured players at medium and coarse scales. Our findings suggest sensorimotor changes during kicking in injured players, which may necessitate compensatory strategies involving augmented attention at the cost of processing visuospatial information. This conflict may hinder the integration of task-relevant information across distributed networks. Our study provides preliminary insights into the neurophysiological implications of ACLi within football context and underscores the potential for prospective research.
Association of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s pathology and neurodegeneration with gait performance in older adults
Authors: Ali Farwa , Syrjanen Jeremy A. , Figdore Dan J. , Kremers Walter K. , Mielke Michelle M. , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Windham B. Gwen , Barnard Leland R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Algeciras-Schimnich Alicia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Declining gait performance is seen in aging individuals, due to neural and systemic factors. Plasma biomarkers provide an accessible way to assess evolving brain changes; non-specific neurodegeneration (NfL, GFAP) or evolving Alzheimer’s disease (Aβ 42/40 ratio, P-Tau181).

Methods
In a population-based cohort of older adults, we evaluate the hypothesis that plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease pathology are associated with worse gait performance. A sample of 2641 Mayo Clinic Study of Aging participants with measurements of plasma biomarkers and gait parameters was analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Linear regression models using plasma biomarkers as predictors of gait parameters and adjusted for age, sex, BMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and cognitive diagnosis were evaluated.

Results
In this study multiple statistically significant relationships are observed for GFAP, NfL, and P-Tau181 with gait parameters. Each standard deviation increase in GFAP, NfL, and P-Tau181 is associated with a reduction in velocity of 2.100 (95% CI: −3.004, −1.196; p = 5.4 × 10−6), 4.400 (−5.292, -3.507; p = 9.5 × 10−22), and 2.617 (−3.414, −1.819; p = 1.5 × 10−10) cm/sec, respectively. Overall, NfL has the strongest associations with poor gait performance. Models with age interactions show that the strength of associations between the plasma biomarkers and the gait parameters became stronger with increasing age. There are no specific gait parameters that associate with individual plasma biomarkers.

Conclusion
Plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease pathology are not only markers of cognitive decline but also indicate motor decline in the aging population.
Epigenetic modifications and metabolic gene mutations drive resistance evolution in response to stimulatory antibiotics
Authors: Lin Hui , Wang Donglin , Wang Qiaojuan , Mao Jie , Yang Lutong , Bai Yaohui , Qu Jiuhui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The antibiotic resistance crisis, fueled by misuse and bacterial evolution, is a major global health threat. Traditional perspectives tie resistance to drug target mechanisms, viewing antibiotics as mere growth inhibitors. New insights revealed that low-dose antibiotics may also serve as signals, unexpectedly promoting bacterial growth. Yet, the development of resistance under these conditions remains unknown. Our study investigated resistance evolution under stimulatory antibiotics and uncovered new genetic mechanisms of resistance linked to metabolic remodeling. We documented a shift from a fast, reversible mechanism driven by methylation in central metabolic pathways to a slower, stable mechanism involving mutations in key metabolic genes. Both mechanisms contribute to a metabolic profile transition from glycolysis to rapid gluconeogenesis. In addition, our findings demonstrated that rising environmental temperatures associated with metabolic evolution accelerated this process, increasing the prevalence of metabolic gene mutations, albeit with a trade-off in interspecific fitness. These findings expand beyond the conventional understanding of resistance mechanisms, proposing a broader metabolic mechanism within the selective window of stimulatory sub-MIC antibiotics, particularly in the context of climate change.
Gut microbiota interact with breast cancer therapeutics to modulate efficacy
Authors: Arnone Alana A , Ansley Katherine , Heeke Arielle L , Howard-McNatt Marissa , Cook Katherine L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The gut microbiome, or the community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as an important factor in breast cancer etiology and treatment. Specifically, the impact of gut bacterial populations on breast cancer therapeutic outcomes is an emerging area of research. The microbiota’s role in modifying the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy and endocrine-targeting therapies can alter drug efficacy and toxicity profiles. In addition, the gut microbiome’s capacity to regulate systemic inflammation and immune responses may influence the effectiveness of both conventional and immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of breast cancer. Overall, while the bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiome and breast cancer therapies are still being studied, its impact is increasingly recognized. Future research may provide more definitive insights and help develop personalized therapeutic strategies to harness the microbiome to improve breast cancer treatment outcomes.
Modelling and optimization of a machine production process: Buffer stock supply implementation and replenishment control
Authors: Elbaraka Saad , Mokhlis Salah-eddine , Barra Adil , Fouraiji Hicham 
Published: January 2025

In the industry and logistic the production process is the sequence that aims to convert raw materials into finished or semi-finished products. It is identified as one of the most complex phases of the supply chain due to its close interdependence with other processes such as replenishment. In this perspective, the efficiency of the manufacturing process essentially relies on the decisions of the responsible operators for supplying machines with raw materials. These decisions do not ensure optimal operation efficiency. This document proposes a scientific study based on the modelling and control of the production process in a smart industry perspective. Initially, one will present a modelling of the manufacturing system conceptualized as an industrial machine, as well as the replenishment policy, that will be conceived as a control loop tuning the raw material supplies quantities into the production machine following a proposed architecture.
We will then proceed to simulate this scenario using the Simulink interface to identify the most influential parameters and improve them.
Influence of the Zn2+ concentration on the defect structure and optical properties in Zn:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals
Authors: Yan Zhehua , Dai Li , Yang Shunxiang , Ji Zesheng 
Published: January 2025

Special attention has been paid to holographic storage and 3D display in recent years. LiNbO3 crystal is a distinguished multifunctional material where the field of holographic storage is of paramount importance. In this work, the Czochralski method was employed to grow a series of Zn:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals with different doping concentrations of Zn2+ ions (1, 3, 5, and 7 mol. %). The effects of doped ions of Zn2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ on crystal lattice parameters and defect structure were characterized by XRD and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), and the optical homogeneity was characterized by the birefringence gradient method. The x-ray powder diffraction experiments reveal that the crystal lattice structure remains unaffected by doping. The ICP-AES analysis revealed that as the concentration of Zn2+ ions increased, there was an observed enhancement in the effective segregation coefficient of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions, while a decrease was noted in that of Zn2+ ions. The birefringent gradient method demonstrates that the optical homogeneity improves with an increasing concentration of Zn2+ ion doping and reaches its maximum when the concentration of Zn2+ ion reaches 7 mol %. For the first time, the optical uniformity of Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals has been enhanced by heavy Zn2+ ion doping, making it possible to apply it in the field of holographic storage.
Family values, culture maintenance and identity
Authors: Chowdhury Farzana Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the current global economy, the increased migration across the world has heightened the need for culture
maintenance due to its capacity to give meaning and value to individual identity. Family relations and values are significant
cultural components that ensure psychological wellbeing among migrants if they are maintained in their host society. Australia’s
multicultural policy has provided scope for the study of culture maintenance among its immigrant communities since the late 1970s.
Among the immigrant groups in Australia, Bangladeshi-born migrants are a relatively new but fast-growing community that has
attracted comparatively little research to date. This article is a narrative inquiry into the culture maintenance among
Bangladeshi migrants in Queensland, particularly emphasising family values, acculturation, and identity. This study focuses on
psychological, behavioural, and cognitive aspects of their acculturation in terms of what changes happen during acculturation. The
findings of this research demonstrate the efforts and strategies for maintaining their family values and cultural identity in
Australia. The final part of this article discusses the perception and attitudes of this group of Bangladeshi migrants towards
their acculturation and identity. This study provides insights that are pertinent to developing ideas about different migrant
communities in multicultural Australia.
Summary of the trigger systems of the Large Hadron Collider experiments ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb
Authors: Albrecht J , Bozianu L , Calefice L , Cella S , Cocha Toapaxi C E , Doglioni C , Gligorov V V , Gooding J A , Iversen K E , Inkaew P , Magdalinski D , Sopasakis A , Wilson-Edwards D J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In modern high energy physics (HEP) experiments, triggers perform the important task of selecting, in real time, the data to be recorded and saved for physics analyses. As a result, trigger strategies play a key role in extracting relevant information from the vast streams of data produced at facilities like the large hadron collider (LHC). As the energy and luminosity of the collisions increase, these strategies must be upgraded and maintained to suit the experimental needs. This whitepaper presents a high-level overview and reviews recent developments of triggering practices employed at the LHC. The general trigger principles applied at modern HEP experiments are highlighted, with specific reference to the current trigger state-of-the-art within the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb collaborations. Furthermore, a brief synopsis of the new trigger paradigm required by the upcoming high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC is provided. This whitepaper, compiled by Early Stage Researchers of the SMARTHEP network, is not meant to provide an exhaustive review or substitute documentation and papers from the collaborations themselves, but rather offer general considerations and examples from the literature that are relevant to the SMARTHEP network.
Metal chalcogenide quantum dots for photochemical and electrochemical hydrogen generation: recent advancements and technological challenges
Authors: Ali Syed Asim , Sadiq Iqra , Ahmad Tokeer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The performance of heterogeneous catalysis, specifically photochemical and electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) fundamentally relies upon the prudent choice of catalytic systems with ideal optoelectronic and surface properties. Progressive research in materials processing has hinted at the large-scale applicability of two-dimensional (2D) materials for achieving higher activity in the HER process. Among 2D materials, transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have emerged as the advanced materials to enhance the rate of HER on account of their layered structure and chalcogen-sites that exhibit favorable hydrogen binding energies. Developing quantum dots (QDs) is the state-of-the-art methodological approach to tuning the physicochemical properties of TMCs. Herein, we aim to encompass the latest advancements in the TMCs QDs for green hydrogen upscaling with special attention given to the comprehensive understanding of physicochemical properties and experimental benchmarks. Furthermore, we have accounted the major challenges associated with the exploitation of TMCs QDs in HER operations and future perspectives for subscribing to the overall water splitting for hydrogen synthesis in the light of TMCs QDs.
Zeitlin’s model for axisymmetric 3D Euler equations
Authors: Modin Klas , Preston Stephen C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Zeitlin’s model is a spatial discretisation for the 2D Euler equations on the flat two-torus or the two-sphere. Contrary to other discretisations, it preserves the underlying geometric structure, namely that the Euler equations describe Riemannian geodesics on a Lie group. Here we show how to extend Zeitlin’s approach to the axisymmetric Euler equations on the three-sphere. It is the first discretisation of the 3D Euler equations that fully preserves the geometric structure, albeit restricted to axisymmetric solutions. Thus, this finite-dimensional model admits Riemannian curvature and Jacobi equations, which are discussed. We also provide numerical experiments to showcase the method.
Reduction in soliton hierarchies, elliptic Lie algebras of Holod and Krichever-Novikov-type equations
Authors: Skrypnyk T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the present paper we develop one of the main Lie-algebraic approaches to the theory of soliton equations based on the special infinite-dimensional Lie algebras

g

~

(Flaschka et al 1983 Physica D 9 300–323; Newell 1985 Solitons Math. Phys. (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics); Kulish and Reiman 1983 Zap. Nauchn. Sem. LOMI
123 67–76; Holod 1982 Preprint ITP-82-144; Holod 1984 DAN Ukrainian SSR A 5 5–8; Holod 1987 Theor. Math. Phys.
70 18–29; Holod 1984 Preprint ITP-84-87P). We argue that the restriction of the integrable hierarchy onto the nilpotent coadjoint orbits in the dual space of the underlying finite-dimensional Lie algebras

g

leads to the additional reduction in the considered integrable hierarchy. We illustrate this phenomenon by the examples of the elliptic Lie algebra of Holod (1984 DAN Ukrainian SSR A 5 5–8; 1987 Theor. Math. Phys.
70 18–29) and its even subalgebra (Holod 1984 Preprint ITP-84-87P; 1987 DAN USSR
292 1087–91). Using them and the nilpotent coadjoint orbits of

s
o
(
3
,

C

)

we derive Krichever-Novikov equation (Krichever and Novikov 1980 Russ. Math. Surv.
35 53–80) and its ‘twisted’ analogue—one component evolutionary PDE present in the list of Mikhailov (1987 Uspehi Mat. Nauk
42 3–53). For the twisted Krichever-Novikov hierarchy we also derive the hierarchy of non-evolutionary ‘negative’ flows and explicitly write the first negative flow equation. The last equation seems to be new.
Diagnosing anaemia via smartphone colorimetry of the eye in a population of pregnant women
Authors: Wemyss Thomas Alan , Rana Anubhuti , Hillman Sara L , Nixon-Hill Miranda , Yadav Kapil , Dadhwal Vatsla , Leung Terence S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Screening for disease using a smartphone camera is an emerging tool for conditions such as jaundice and anaemia, which are associated with a colour change (yellowing in jaundice; pallor in anaemia) of the external tissues. Based on this, we aimed to test a technique to non-invasively screen for anaemia in a population highly affected by anaemia: pregnant women in India. In this group, anaemia can have severe health consequences for both the mother and child. Approach. Over 3 years of data collection, in 486 pregnant women in India, we attempted to replicate a previously successful smartphone imaging technique to screen for anaemia. Using smartphone images of the eye and eyelid, we compared two techniques (white balancing and ambient subtraction) to control for variation in ambient lighting, and then extracted ‘redness’ features from images, which we used as features to predict anaemia via statistical modelling. Main results. We found that we were not able to predict anaemia with enough accuracy to be clinically useful, at 89.6% sensitivity and 26.1% specificity. We consider the hypothesis that this may be due to pigmentation on the sclera and palpebral conjunctiva. Visual judgement showed that pigmentation on the sclera, which may affect the measured colour, is more prevalent in pregnant women in India than in preschool aged children in Ghana (a population previously studied in this context). When participants with subjectively judged visible scleral pigmentation are removed, ability to screen for anaemia using the smartphone images slightly improves (93.1% sensitivity, 28.6% specificity). Significance. These findings provide evidence to reinforce that applying smartphone imaging techniques to understudied populations in the real world requires caution—a promising result in one group may not necessarily transfer to another demographic.
Accuracy of flow volume estimation in the dilated aorta using 4D flow MRI: a pulsatile phantom study
Authors: Rodríguez Eduardo E , Valda Alejandro , Casciaro Mariano E , Graf Sebastian , Fischer Edmundo Cabrera , Craiem Damian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives. Aortic dilatation is a severe pathology that increases the risk of rupture and its hemodynamics could be accurately assessed by using the 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique but flow assessment under complex flow patterns require validation. The aim of this work was to develop an in vitro system compatible with CMR to assess the accuracy of volume flow measurements in dilated aortas. Approach. Two latex models, one with ascending and the other with abdominal aortic aneurysms were manufactured to ensure a constant and controlled net flow volume along the aortic length. A pneumatic piston driven by a stepper motor and controlled by an embedded system located in the control room modulated a pulsatile fluid flow using a pump with an elastic membrane placed in the magnet near the elastic models. All the visualization and measurement algorithms were integrated into a custom computer platform. 4D flow imaging was used to estimate the flow rate and volume through multiple aortic planes and compared to the reference assessed by weight method and to 2D flow measurements. Main results. The errors of flow volume assessment using 4D flow remained within reasonable limits along the length of the aortic models. Mean differences in net flow volume from the reference were less than 2 ml (range −4 to 6 ml), corresponding to mean relative differences of less than 4% (range −8% to 11%). Averaged net, forward and backward flow volume estimations along the aortic length were similar using 2D and 4D flow measurements (p > 0.05). Peak forward and backward flow rates increased in the dilated regions and were comparable to those observed in patients. Significance. The accuracy of flow volume estimates in complex flow patterns, such as those observed in patients with aneurysms, was validated in vitro using 4D flow.