bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Metode Naïve Bayes Classifier Pada Klasifikasi Sentimen Terhadap Anies Baswedan Sebagai Bakal Calon Presiden 2024
Authors: Amly Mar`iy Romizzidi , Yusra Yusra , Fikry Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

Anies Baswedan is a political figure who has been declared as a 2024 presidential candidate. Public opinion is a valuable source of information to analyze sentiment towards Anies Baswedan as a 2024 presidential candidate. Limited human power, emotional instability, and the length of time required are difficulties in analyzing sentiment on large amounts of data manually. Machine learning is utilized to provide convenience in sentiment classification. This research applies the Naïve Bayes Classifier method in the classification of sentiment towards Anies Baswedan as a 2024 presidential candidate. This study aims to determine the performance of the Naïve Bayes Classifier method in the classification of sentiment towards Anies Baswedan as a 2024 presidential candidate. The dataset used was 3,400 which were labeled by crowdsourcing resulting in 2,130 positive (62.65%) and 1,270 negative (37.35%). Tests were conducted using the 10-fold cross-validation and 5-fold cross-validation methods, each consisting of two experimental scenarios, namely using an unbalanced dataset and using a balanced dataset.The Naive Bayes Classifier method produces the best model in the 10-fold cross-validation test with an accuracy of 89.76%, precision of 89.92%, recall of 89.76%, and f1-score of 89.75% on the sixth fold by determining a threshold value of 13 in an experiment using a balanced dataset consisting of 1,270 positives and 1,270 negatives with an average accuracy rate of 79.88%.
Bunga Gairah: Tanaman Obat Yang Cantik
Authors: Wiguna Kadek Karina Maharani , Rai I Wayan , Sudharsana Tjok Istri Ratna Cora 
Published: July 2023

Bunga Gairah adalah tanaman tumbuhan yang ditemukan Asia Tenggara. Bunga Gairah ini merupakan bahan herbal yang digunakan secara historis dalam mengobati berbagai masalah kesehatan. Pada suatu saat misionaris menemukan tanaman yang dirasa sebagai pertanda baik untuk misi mereka serta dianggap simbol kematian Yesus Kristus. Bunga Gairah ini dipakai sebagai ide penciptaan karya busana ready to wear, ready to wear deluxe dan semi haute couture ini untuk mewujudkan busana konsep trend exuberant dan dilaksanakan bersamaan dengan program Studi/Projek Independen MBKM di CV. Biat Design. Bunga Gairah diimplementasikan dengan teori analogi dan kata kunci terpilih yaitu: petal, melilit, korona, berbonggol, keunikan. Metode penciptaan yang digunakan yaitu terdiri dari delapan tahapan penciptaan “Frangipani” Desain Fashion dari Tjok Istri Ratna C.S., tahun 2016 meliputi design brief, research and sourching, design development, sample, prototype, dummy, final collection, promoting, branding, sale, production business. Hasil penciptaan ini diharapkan dapat menambah kepustakaan khususnya dibidang fashion dengan teori analogi Bunga Gairah yang diimplementasikan ke dalam wujud busana konsep trend exuberant.
KATEKIS PROFESIONAL DI TENGAH KONSTELASI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN(MEA)
Authors: Dahurandi Keristian 
Published: July 2023

Now, we are in Asean Economic society. It means every man is demanded to improve him/herself, undergoing severe training as a competitive person in order to not be marginalized in MEA. Catehist as the part of society is also included in this insist. So, the catechists must perform theirself competitively and professionally. As a professional, chatechist must have the standard of expert and certain competency in running their profession.The consequences of prefession is contract of employment, namely doing the job in compliance with minimal demand rewarded and decided standard. Beside it, pastoral as a profession has etiher inside or outside competition. The outside competitions such as the the better capability and skill.
Through this article, Christian Dahurandi presents the ideal concept about the ideal, professional and competitive chatechist in coping with MEA. At least, the writer suggests that in relation with inside competition, pastoral agent must competitive and creative in obtaining the job opportunity. The pastoral profession will face the global market context that current to free trade are in MEA asociation.
Anaerobic Cocci
Authors: She Rosemary C. , Church Deirdre L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The anaerobic cocci are a prominent part of the normal human microbiota of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and female genital tract. Gram‐positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) can be important human pathogens, and next to the Gram‐negative anaerobic bacilli (GNAC), these anaerobes are the most isolated in clinically relevant infections. Anaerobic cocci recovered in isolation from specimens obtained from specific types of invasive infections and specimen types should be fully identified to the genus and often species level. Anaerobic cocci isolated from blood cultures, other sterile fluids, deep organ tissues, deep wounds, or abscesses may particularly be fully analyzed to aid clinical management. Anaerobic cocci can be identified by Gram stain, colonial morphology, rapid tests, and various biochemical reactions, in tube or kit systems.
Finegoldia magna
is the most predominant pathogen among the GPAC and can be solely responsible for several different types of infections.
Staining, Culture, and Identification Methods for Acid‐Fast Bacilli and Fungi Recovered from Positive Blood Cultures
Authors: Lainhart William D. , Luethy Paul M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Fungemia is often a result of disseminated fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients and can be a significant cause of mortality.
Candida
spp. are the most common cause of fungemia, with filamentous fungi causing fewer cases. Very few filamentous fungi are generally recoverable from blood culture bottles; the most common fungi include
Histoplasma capsulatum
,
Blastomyces
spp.
Fusarium
spp., and
Trichosporon
spp.
Aspergillus
spp. are rarely recovered from blood and associated with true fungemia, with the rare exception of
Aspergillus terreus
. Bloodstream infections with acid fast bacilli typically occur as a result of disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. Culture methods of positive blood cultures for acid‐fast bacilli and fungal blood cultures are similar to those followed for bacterial blood cultures. After the blood culture instrument detects growth in the bottle, the appropriate stain(s) is performed and examined and the broth is plated to agar media to allow microorganism growth and identification.
Sequence‐Based Identification and Typing
Authors: She Rosemary , Fisher Mark A. , Kozyreva Varvara K. , Yang Shangxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sequence‐based analysis is an alternate method for bacterial and fungal identification of cultured isolates. The polymerase chain reaction product is sequenced, and a database is queried with the sequence. The possibility of a select agent should be ruled out following public health guidance before attempting sequence‐based identification. Sequence‐based identification of bacteria is most useful for identification of nonfermenting Gram‐negative bacilli, anaerobes, mycobacterium, and the actinomycetes. Deep amplicon sequencing, also known as targeted metagenomic sequencing, first evolved from human microbiome research more than 2 decades ago. Microbial whole‐genome sequencing is a type of massively parallel sequencing technology capable of determining a complete genomic sequence of a pathogen. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based metagenomic sequencing, which directly detects and identifies multiple microbial species simultaneously from a biological sample, comprises two distinct methodologies: targeted metagenomic NGS and shotgun metagenomic sequencing.
Environmental Sampling and Cultures
Authors: Mietzner Sue M. , Stout Janet E. , Coulliette Angela D. , Arduino Matthew J. , Luethy Paul M. , Robinson Gwen , Johnson J. Kristie , Schlueter Annette , Ford Bradley , Lau Anna F. , Verma Punam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Legionella spp.
are generally found in aquatic environments. The processing method to use depends on the sample type, potable or nonpotable, and the expected concentrations of
Legionella spp.
and background microbiota. Limit of detection, expressed in colony‐forming units/mL, is determined by several factors in the processing of a water sample. Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at risk for the development of endotoxin‐mediated pyrogenic reactions, Gram‐negative bacteremia with sepsis, and chronic inflammatory response syndrome. The presence of heterotrophic bacteria is indicative of contamination from improperly treated water or presence of biofilm growth. Air is the medium that transports fungi from sources such as soil, construction disturbances, and moldy hospital environments. Air sampling should not be initiated lightly, since the conduct and interpretation of air cultures for fungi are relatively complex. This chapter presents the considerations before undertaking environmental surface sampling.
Outbreak Investigations: Laboratory and Epidemiologic Concepts
Authors: Johnson J. Kristie , Vonberg Ralf‐Peter , Clausmeyer Jörg‐Olaf , Behnke Michael , Nori Priya , Jain Ruchika , Orner Erika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Close collaboration and communications between a hospital's infection prevention program and the clinical microbiology laboratory will facilitate the support provided to detect and investigate outbreaks. Criteria for routine storage of isolates should be established to include isolates recovered from normally sterile body sites, common organisms causing health care‐associated infections, and those with unusual susceptibility patterns. An organism bank provides for long‐term viability and availability of significant bacterial and fungal isolates for both clinical and epidemiological use. Nosocomial outbreaks are usually clustered temporally and/or geographically. Some of them can be traced to a common source, while others are the consequence of increased person‐to‐person transmission. Reporting and surveillance of infectious diseases are core components of our public health infrastructure. The necessity of robust reporting and surveillance systems was underscored during public health emergencies of the past decade.
Quality Control
Authors: Hubbard Nicole , Cervinski Mark A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quality control is an essential part of a quality management system and enables the laboratory to detect analytical errors and maintain precise and accurate results. To achieve this, laboratories should have policies that address specimen collection criteria, review of test performance that includes all aspects of the test (personnel, media, reagents, instrumentation, test results), and documentation of appropriate verification or validation studies. The quality control guidelines are derived from a combination of United States federal regulations, various not‐for‐profit standards institutes, and best practice guidance from various published manuscripts. It should be noted that the federal regulations mandated by the Clinical Laboratories Improvement Act (CLIA) are the minimum required standards, and the best practice for quality control may include additional procedures not outlined in CLIA. Various individual state governments may impose additional requirements above the minimums required in CLIA, such as the New York State regulations.
Microscopy
Authors: Dallas Steven D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microscopic examination remains the first step in detecting a broad range of pathogens, both directly from specimens and for assessing the morphology of organisms from solid or liquid culture media. The most profound limitation of direct specimen microscopy is poor sensitivity compared to culture and molecular techniques. The specificity of microscopy compared to culture may also be an issue in direct specimen examination. Visible light exhibits the characteristics of particles, waves, and rays. Contrast is the ability to find and see the specimen surface or internal structural details distinctly. The eyepieces, or oculars, contain the final lenses in the optical train. Bright‐field microscopy is the basic technique of any light microscope in the clinical laboratory. Köhler illumination was developed in the 1890s by August Köhler. The fluorescence microscope was developed in the early 20th century.
Streptococcus
Authors: J. Adam Heather , Tyrrell Gregory , Martin Irene 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This chapter focuses on well‐known and novel streptococcal species found in human specimens and covers changes that were applied to the taxonomy of streptococci in recent years. Streptococci can cause infections in humans and in many animal species, including mammals and fish. Transmission of streptococcal infections occurs by various routes. Pathogenic species such as
S. pyogenes
and
S.pneumoniae
, which colonize the upper respiratory tract, are primarily transmitted through direct contact or droplets.
S. agalactiae
transmission from mother to child can occur during birth and within the first seven days of life. Human beta‐hemolytic group C and group G streptococci are defined as
S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis
, while group C and L streptococcal animal isolates are classified as
S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae
.
S. mutans
and
S. sobrinus
belong to the S. mutans group.
Mycotoxins
Authors: Luciano‐Rosario Dianiris , Keller Nancy P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by many different species of ubiquitous fungi that have adverse effects on humans and animals. This chapter reviews the most common mycotoxins and their relevance to sick building syndrome, bioterrorism, and food safety. It briefly addresses the impact of mycotoxins on animal and human health. The aflatoxin class of mycotoxins was the first to be discovered and studied. Citrinin is a simple, low‐molecular‐weight compound that crystallizes as light yellow needles. Cyclopiazonic acid is an indole‐tetramic acid mycotoxin produced by several species of
Penicillium
and
Aspergillus
. Fumonisins are among the most recently discovered mycotoxins. Zearalenone is a common contaminant of cereal crops worldwide and has been implicated in hyperestrogenism of farm animals as a result of digestion of moldy corn and grains.
Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing: Parasitology
Authors: Garcia Lynne S. , Shimizu Robyn Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Routine diagnostic parasitology generally includes laboratory procedures designed to detect organisms within clinical specimens by using morphological criteria rather than culture, biochemical tools, and/or physical growth characteristics. Parasite identification is frequently based on bright‐field‐microscopic analysis of concentrated and/or stained preparations. The most common specimen submitted to the diagnostic laboratory is the stool specimen, and the most commonly performed procedure in parasitology is the ova and parasite examination, which is composed of three separate protocols: the direct wet mount, the concentration, and the permanent stained smear. The aspirates most commonly processed in the parasitology laboratory include fine needle and duodenal aspirates. Fine‐needle aspirates may be submitted for slide preparation, culture, and/or molecular analyses. Sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage or washings, and transtracheal secretions may be submitted for examination for parasites. Biopsy specimens are recommended for the microscopic detection of tissue parasites. Nucleic acid‐based diagnostic tests have been developed for almost all species of parasites.
A Peptide Nanoregulator Enriched at the Endoplasmic Reticulum for Boosting Fractionated Radiotherapy‐Mediated Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Cai Xiaoyao , Wang Dianyu , Xu Wei , Ren Chunhua , Zhang Yumin , Yang Lijun , Liu Jianfeng , Yang Cuihong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFractionated radiotherapy (FRT), typically delivering low‐dose radiation of 2 Gy per fraction, has been used as the main clinical treatment regimen for various tumors. However, its therapeutic efficacy is severely hindered by inadequate pro‐immunogenic effect and ionizing radiation‐induced immunosuppression. Herein, a peptide nanoregulator (SPER‐NO‐Ind) is constructed from self‐assembling peptides that can enrich nitric oxide (NO) at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inhibit indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) to enhance FRT‐mediated antitumor immunity and reinforce treatment outcomes. SPER‐NO‐Ind triggered S‐nitrosylation of the ryanodine receptor by ER‐specific enrichment of NO, triggering the release of Ca2+ within ER and induction of robust ER stress. The combination of 2 Gy γ‐radiation with SPER‐NO‐Ind induced intense immunogenic cell death (ICD) in ER‐stressed 4T1 cells. Furthermore, this nanoregulator inhibited IDO and decreased kynurenine production, reversing FRT‐induced immunosuppressive effects. The combined application of FRT and SPER‐NO‐Ind demonstrated superior efficacy in suppressing breast tumor growth, amplifying abscopal effects, and inhibiting metastasis in mice. The SPER‐NO‐Ind treatment achieved a 40% decrease in the total radiation dose while securing equivalent tumor suppression efficacy. Collectively, the work presents a facile approach to augment the efficacy of fractionated radiotherapy for tumors, opening up a new way to enhance the antitumor immune response of radiotherapy.
Shape‐Reconfigurable Crack‐Based Strain Sensor with Ultrahigh and Tunable Sensitivity
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Lee Youngoh , Park Cheolhong , Ro Yun Goo , Kwak Min Sub , Jeong Geonyoung , Park Junseo , Lee Hyejin , Kim Pan Kyeom , Chung Sung‐Il , Ko Hyunhyub 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the field of wearable electronics and human–machine interfaces, there is a growing need for highly sensitive and adaptable sensors capable of detecting a wide range of stimuli with high precision. Traditional sensors often lack the versatility to adjust their sensitivity for different applications. Inspired by the mechanosensory system of spiders, a shape‐reconfigurable crack‐based sensor with ultrahigh and tunable strain sensitivity based on the precise control of nanocrack formation on a shape memory polymer substrate is demonstrated. This design incorporates a line‐patterned substrate composed of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix and thermo‐responsive shape memory polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), to form parallel nanocracks in a thin platinum film. This design achieves an ultrahigh gauge factor of 2.7 × 109 at 2% strain, significantly surpassing conventional sensors. The shape memory property of the TPU/PLA substrate enables tunable strain sensitivity according to the desired strain range, eliminating the need for multiple sensors. The sensor demonstrates exceptional capabilities in detecting subtle strains (as low as 0.025%), monitoring biological signals, and sensing acoustic waves (100–20 000 Hz) with a response time of 0.025 ms. This work represents a significant advancement toward strain sensors with both ultrahigh and tunable sensitivity.
Manipulation of the Anode Interphase by Multicomponent Composite Sodium for Fast‐Charging and Low‐Temperature Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Menghong , Li Chen , Lu Guanjie , Wang Ronghua , Luo Zicheng , Li Zongyang , Deng Rongrui , Zheng Weikang , Wang Wenjie , Fang Yongheng , Qu Baihua , Xu Chaohe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStable operation in the all‐climate condition is a practical pursuit of the development of high‐performance sodium metal batteries (SMBs), however, blocked by the instable interphases and slow kinetics of metallic anode. Herein, a unique multicomponent Na15Sn4/NaF@Na composite anode is specially designed by mechanical rolling method, in which Na15Sn4 can lower the nucleation barrier and promote the uniform deposition of Na+, while NaF can prevent electron tunneling and stabilize the interface in the commercially available ester electrolyte, finally enhance performance of the cell. The synergistic manipulated interface by the composite anode can not only facilitate a high stripping/plating capacity and ultralong lifespan without dendrite formation, but also endow the full SMB an ultrafast charging capability and outstanding low‐temperature performance: The Na15Sn4/NaF@Na||NVP full cell operates stably for 1175 cycles at an ultrahigh current density of 100 C with 80% capacity retention at room temperature, and maintains stability over 1000 cycles at −20 °C with 97.9% capacity retention. Moreover, the remarkable stability of the full cell at the extreme low temperature of −40 °C or even under the extreme temperature shock, combined with the impressive performance of the pouch cell validly demonstrate the practical application aspect of Na15Sn4/NaF@Na composite anode.
Alkoxy Modification of the Terminal Group in Nonfullerene Acceptors to Achieve Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells With a High Open‐Circuit Voltage
Authors: Chen Qiaoling , Gao Yan , Dong Jiaxuan , Yang Yujie , Huang Hao , Aniés Filip , Bian Ziqing , Xu Xinjun , Li Cuihong , Yao Chuang , Heeney Martin , Li Wenhua , Bo Zhishan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractY‐series nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) usually bear halogenated end groups to achieve narrow bandgaps and tunable molecules crystallinity; however, it results in small open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.8–0.9 V. Here, three Y‐series NFAs BTP‐eC9‐G51, BTP‐eC9‐G52, and BTP‐eC9‐G53 are synthesized by introducing both an electron‐withdrawing fluoro group and electron‐donating alkoxy group to commonly used 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden1‐ylidene)‐malononitrile (IC) terminal groups. These compounds demonstrate a high Voc larger than 0.9 V when employed as acceptors in organic solar cells (0.91 V for BTP‐eC9‐G51 and 0.95 V for the others). The effect of alkoxy chain length of the molecules on the photoelectric properties is systematically studied. The results show that the dipole moments and aggregation behaviors of these molecules changes obviously with the increase of alkoxy chain length. The active layer based on BTP‐eC9‐G51 shows suitable phase separation structure and good charge transport. Devices based on BTP‐eC9‐G51 achieve a device efficiency of 16.65%, higher than those of BTP‐eC9‐G52 and BTP‐eC9‐G53 based devices (14.33% and 13.24%, respectively). Furthermore, BTP‐eC9‐G51 is introduced into D18:L8‐BO devices as a third component, which improves the Jsc and Voc, reduces the nonradiation energy loss, and the device efficiency is increased to 19.03% with a high Voc of 0.92 V.