bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The TexNet-CISR collaboration and steps toward understanding induced seismicity in Texas
Authors: Hennings Peter H. , Young Michael H. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Diverse seismicity-prone geologic systems are located in Texas, USA. These systems include areas of tectonically natural earthquakes and areas with induced seismicity stemming from multiple factors. Some systems are geologically and operationally simple, such as the Fort Worth Basin, where multiple lines of peer-reviewed evidence indicate that earthquakes have been induced by injection of oil-field wastewater above the geologic basement, and the Eagle Ford region, where earthquakes have been induced principally by hydraulic fracturing activities. Other systems are far more complex, such as the Texas Panhandle, where natural seismicity and induced seismicity coexist, and the Delaware Basin, where wastewater disposal both above and below shale targets and hydraulic fracturing coexist with induced seismic events. Although cases of induced seismicity were documented in Texas as early as the 1980s, the public’s attention and formal regulatory actions occurred after substantial increases in seismicity were observed proximal to unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir development in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. These actions, intended to mitigate induced seismicity, included creation of the Texas-funded TexNet Earthquake Monitoring Program in 2015 and the formation of the industry-sponsored Center for Integrated Seismicity Research in 2016, implementing policy changes by the Railroad Commission of Texas, and altering field activities by the petroleum industry. A public-private partnership was established in Texas for monitoring earthquakes, conducting research on causation and evolving risk, and developing approaches for mitigation. This partnership between stakeholders represents a major concerted effort to address the evolving environmental hazards of induced seismicity. Even with these actions, however, the total number of earthquakes with ML ≥ 2.0 cataloged in Texas reached a record high of 2601 in 2022, representing more than double the number of earthquakes that occurred in 2020 and more than eight times the number that occurred in 2017. This chapter provides a recent history of seismicity in specific areas of Texas and the monitoring, research, and regulatory actions taken to mitigate induced seismicity.
Improving prehospital traumatic shock care: implementation and clinical effectiveness of a pragmatic, quasi-experimental trial in a resource-constrained South African setting
Authors: Mould-Millman Nee-Kofi , Dixon Julia , Beaty Brenda L , Suresh Krithika , de Vries Shaheem , Bester Beatrix , Moreira Fabio , Cunningham Charmaine , Moodley Kubendhren , Cermak Radomir , Schauer Steven G , Maddry Joseph K , Bills Corey B , Havranek Edward P , Bebarta Vikhyat S , Ginde Adit A 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThis project seeks to improve providers’ practices and patient outcomes from prehospital (ie, ambulance-based) trauma care in a middle-income country using a novel implementation strategy to introduce a bundled clinical intervention.DesignWe conduct a two-arm, controlled, mixed-methods, hybrid type II study.SettingThis study was conducted in the Western Cape Government Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system of South Africa.InterventionsWe pragmatically implemented a simplified prehospital bundle of trauma care (with five core elements) using a novel workplace-based, peer-to-peer, rapid training format. We assigned the intervention and control sites.Outcome measuresWe assessed implementation effectiveness among EMS providers and stakeholders, using the RE-AIM framework. Clinical effectiveness was assessed at the patient level, using changes in Shock Index x Age (SIxAge). Indices and cut-offs were established a priori. We performed a difference-in-differences (D-I-D) analysis with a multivariable mixed effects model.Results198 of 240 (82.5%) EMS providers participated, 93 (47%) intervention and 105 (53%) control, with similar baseline characteristics. The overall implementation effectiveness was excellent (80.6%): reach was good (65%), effectiveness was excellent (87%), implementation fidelity was good (72%) and adoption was excellent (87%). Participants and stakeholders generally reported very high satisfaction with the implementation strategy citing that it was a strong operational fit and effective educational model for their organisation. A total of 770 patients were included: 329 (42.7%) interventions and 441 (57.3%) controls, with no baseline differences. Intervention arm patients had more improved SIxAge compared with control at 4 months, which was not statistically significant (−1.4 D-I-D; p=0.35). There was no significant difference in change of SIxAge over time between the groups for any of the other time intervals (p=0.99).ConclusionsIn this quasi-experimental trial of bundled care using the novel workplace rapid training approach, we found overall excellent implementation effectiveness but no overall statistically significant clinical effectiveness.
Doctors’ experiences of referring and admitting patients to the intensive care unit: a qualitative study of doctors’ practices at two tertiary hospitals in Malawi
Authors: Gundo Rodwell , Kayambankadzanja, Raphael Kazidule , Chipeta Deliwe , Gundo Beatrice , Chikumbanje Singatiya Stella , Baker Tim 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo explore doctors’ experiences of referring and admitting patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) at two tertiary hospitals in Malawi.DesignThis was a qualitative study that used face-to-face interviews. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim into English. The data were analysed manually through conventional content analysis.SettingTwo public tertiary hospitals in the central and southern regions of Malawi. Interviews were conducted from January to June 2021.ParticipantsSixteen doctors who were involved in the referral and admission of patients to the ICU.ResultsFour themes were identified namely, lack of clear admission criteria, ICU admission requires a complex chain of consultations, shortage of ICU resources, and lack of an ethical and legal framework for discontinuing treatment of critically ill patients who were too sick to benefit from ICU.ConclusionDespite the acute disease burden and increased demand for ICU care, the two hospitals lack clear processes for referring and admitting patients to the ICU. Given the limited bed space in ICUs, hospitals in low-income countries, including Malawi, need to improve or develop admission criteria, severity scoring systems, ongoing professional development activities, and legislation for discontinuing intensive care treatments and end-of-life care.
How do the older adults in nursing homes live with dignity? A protocol for a meta-synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Sunzi Kejimu , Li Yadi , Lei Cheng , Zhou Xin 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionAs the population continuous to age and family sizes decrease, residing in nursing homes has emerged as a crucial option for older adults’ care. Ensuring a dignified life for older adults in nursing homes is critical for enhancing their overall quality of life. The primary objective of this study is to synthesise the evidence of qualitative research on the feelings and experiences of dignity among older adults living in nursing homes. This will enable a better understanding of the factors influencing the perception of dignity and its preservation, ultimately assisting older adults in achieving a more comfortable and fulfilling experience in nursing homes.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses will guide this meta-synthesis. We conducted an initial search on 1 June 2022, for studies published between the inception of each database and 2022, using the population exposure-outcome nomenclature. We searched the Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases for relevant studies. For data synthesis, we will employ the Ritchie and Spencer framework, and the Supporting the Use of Research Evidence Framework will be used for data analysis. To minimise the risk of bias, we will critically appraise the selected studies using the Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not involve human participants and, therefore, does not necessitate ethical approval. We plan to disseminate the protocol and findings through relevant channels, including publication in pertinent journals, presentations at conferences and symposia, and engagement with local and international health stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022343983.ConclusionThis study aims to offer comprehensive evidence to guide nursing staff in providing dignity-focused interventions for older adult residents in nursing homes.
Moral distress among intensive care unit professions in the UK: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Boulton Adam Jonathan , Slowther Anne-Marie , Yeung Joyce , Bassford Christopher 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the experience of moral distress among intensive care unit (ICU) professionals in the UK.DesignMixed methods: validated quantitative measure of moral distress followed by purposive sample of respondents who underwent semistructured interviews.SettingFour ICUs of varying sizes and specialty facilities.ParticipantsHealthcare professionals working in ICU.Results227 questionnaires were returned and 15 interviews performed. Moral distress occurred across all ICUs and professional demographics. It was most commonly related to providing care perceived as futile or against the patient’s wishes/interests, followed by resource constraints compromising care. Moral distress score was independently influenced by profession (p=0.02) (nurses 117.0 vs doctors 78.0). A lack of agency was central to moral distress and its negative experience could lead to withdrawal from engaging with patients/families. One-third indicated their intention to leave their current post due to moral distress and this was greater among nurses than doctors (37.0% vs 15.0%). Moral distress was independently associated with an intention to leave their current post (p<0.0001) and a previous post (p=0.001). Participants described a range of individualised coping strategies tailored to the situations faced. The most common and highly valued strategies were informal and relied on working within a supportive environment along with a close-knit team, although participants acknowledged there was a role for structured and formalised intervention.ConclusionsMoral distress is widespread among UK ICU professionals and can have an important negative impact on patient care, professional wellbeing and staff retention, a particularly concerning finding as this study was performed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Moral distress due to resource-related issues is more severe than comparable studies in North America. Interventions to support professionals should recognise the individualistic nature of coping with moral distress. The value of close-knit teams and supportive environments has implications for how intensive care services are organised.
Barriers and enablers to healthcare system uptake of direct oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a qualitative interview study with healthcare professionals and policy makers in England
Authors: Medlinskiene Kristina , Richardson Susan , Petty Duncan , Stirling Katherine , Fylan Beth 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo better understand the factors influencing the uptake of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) across different health economies in National Health Service England from the perspective of health professionals and other health economy stakeholders.DesignQualitative interview study using a critical realism perspective and informed by the Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organisations model.SettingThree health economies in the North of England, United Kingdom.ParticipantsHealthcare professionals involved in the management of patients requiring oral anticoagulants, stakeholders involved in the implementation of DOACs and representatives of pharmaceutical industry companies and patient support groups.InterventionSemistructured interviews (face-to-face or telephone) were conducted with 46 participants. Interviews were analysed using the Framework method.ResultsIdentified factors having an impact on the uptake of DOACs were grouped into four themes: perceived value of the innovation, clinician practice environment, local health economy readiness for change, and the external health service context. Together, these factors influenced what therapy options were offered and prescribed to patients with atrial fibrillation. The interviews also highlighted strategies used to improve or restrict the uptake of DOACs and tensions between providing patient-centred care and managing financial implications for commissioners.ConclusionsThe findings contribute to the wider literature by providing a new and in-depth understanding on the uptake of DOACs. The findings may be applicable to other new medicines used in chronic health conditions.
Diabetes mellitus monitoring and control among adults in Australian general practice: a national retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zheng Mingyue , Bernardo Carla , Stocks Nigel , Hu Peng , Gonzalez-Chica David 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThis study investigated whether the monitoring and control of clinical parameters are better among patients with newly compared with past recorded diabetes diagnosis.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingMedicineInsight, a national general practice database in Australia.Participants101 875 ‘regular’ adults aged 18+ years with past recorded (2015–2016) and 9236 with newly recorded (2017) diabetes diagnosis.Main outcome measuresTwo different groups of outcomes were assessed in 2018. The first group of outcomes was the proportion of patients with clinical parameters (ie, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate and albumin-to-creatinine ratio) monitored at least once in 2018. The second group of outcomes were those related to diabetes control in 2018 (HbA1c ≤7.0%, (BP) ≤140/90 mm Hg, total cholesterol <4.0 mmol/L and LDL-C <2.0 mmol/L). Adjusted ORs (ORadj) and adjusted probabilities (%) were obtained based on logistic regression models adjusted for practice variables and patients’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsThe study included 111 111 patients (51.7% men; mean age 65.3±15.0 years) with recorded diabetes diagnosis (11.0% of all 1 007 714 adults in the database). HbA1c was monitored in 39.2% (95% CI 36.9% to 41.6%) of patients with newly recorded and 45.2% (95% CI 42.6% to 47.8%) with past recorded diabetes (ORadj0.78, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.82). HbA1c control was achieved by 78.4% (95% CI 76.7% to 80.0%) and 54.4% (95% CI 53.4% to 55.4%) of monitored patients with newly or past recorded diabetes, respectively (ORadj3.11, 95% CI 2.82 to 3.39). Less than 20% of patients with newly or past recorded diabetes had their HbA1c, BP and total cholesterol levels controlled (ORadj1.08, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.21).ConclusionsThe monitoring of clinical parameters was lower among patients with newly than past recorded diabetes. However, diabetes control was similarly low in both groups, with only one in five monitored patients achieving control of all clinical parameters.
Encouragement of patients’ self-management in primary care for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (DECADE): protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tinsel Iris , Schmoor Claudia , Börger Maja , Kamp Melanie , Kaier Klaus , Hardt Hanna , Kloppe Thomas , Rakebrandt Anja , Scherer Martin , Bergmann Antje , Görbing Tina , Kutter Susanne , Riemenschneider Henna , Maun Andy 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in Germany and among the most frequent reasons for encounters in primary care. Most patients with cardiovascular risks (CVRs) have difficulties implementing health-promoting behavioural changes. In this study, a complex intervention containing evidence-based patient materials and structured follow-up consultations are intended to strengthen patients’ self-management to improve health behaviour.Methods and analysisIn this cluster randomised controlled trial, we investigate the effects of the intervention "Decision aid, action planning and follow-up support for patients to reduce the 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases" (DECADE) using a 2×2 design. All patients, including the control group (CG), receive a CVR calculation. Three intervention groups (IGs) receive one or both of two different components of the DECADE intervention: IG1 (patient materials), IG2 (follow-up consultations) and IG3 (patient materials and follow-up consultations). The study was planned to be conducted with 77 general practitioners in 3 German regions and a target sample size of 924 patients. The observation period for each patient amounts to 12 months with three patient surveys: baseline (t0), after 6 and 12 months (t1 and t2). The primary outcome is patient activation (Patient Activation Measure 13 (PAM13-D)) at t1. Secondary outcomes include PAM13-D at t2 and further patient-reported and clinical outcomes at t1 and t2. We will also analyse the cost-effectiveness of the intervention, the degree of usage and satisfaction with the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThe study was first approved by the lead ethics committee of the University of Freiburg on 15 April 2021 (vote number: 21-1078) and subsequently by the other ethics committees in the study regions (Ethics committee of medical association Baden-Württemberg (B-F-2021-078), Ethics Committee of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden (BO-EK-251052021), Ethics Committee of the State Chamber of Physicians of Saxony (EK-BR-92/21-1), Ethics Committee of the Hamburg Medical Association (2021-200013-BO-bet)). Informed consent is required for patients to participate in the study. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at congresses by the DECADE team. The DECADE lead management will communicate the results to the funder of this study.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00025401 (registration date: 21 June 2021); International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, DRKS00025401.
Comprehensive workplace intervention for cancer prevention in China (WECAN): protocol for a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Yuan , Sun Kaige , Wang Baohua , Wang Ning , Luo Rong , Wang Changqiong , Liu Yu , Duffy Stephen , MacGregor Graham A , Wu Jing , He Feng J , Zhang Puhong 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionCancer is the second leading cause of death across the globe with the majority of deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Evidence has shown that the cancer burden can be substantially reduced by avoiding behavioural risk factors through comprehensive intervention strategies, including workplace health promotion, which has shown to be cost-effective in developed countries while rarely conducted in developing countries. This study aims to explore a feasible and sustainable approach to the prevention and control of cancer in China by developing an evidence-based comprehensive workplace health model equipped with a smartphone application for implementation.Methods and analysisThis study is designed as a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial. We will recruit 15 workplaces from three cities in China. A total of 750 employees will be randomly selected for evaluation that includes five rounds of survey conducted every 6 months. After the second evaluation, workplaces will be randomly allocated to start the intervention sequentially every 6 months in three steps with five workplaces per step. A mobile application ‘Healthy Workplace’ will be developed to support the intervention. On-line and off-line health-related activities will be carried out among employees. Employers will provide supportive policies, environment and benefits to facilitate the adoption of healthy behaviours. The primary outcome is the change of Healthy Lifestyle Index Score, which consists of five components including smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diet and body mass index.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by Queen Mary University of London Ethics of Research Committee (QMERC22.257) and Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Institutional Review Board (202210). Written informed consent is required from all participants. Results will be disseminated through presentations, publications and social media.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200058680.
Palliative care need screening and specialised referrals fell during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Hansen Maiken Bang Bang , Groenvold Mogens , Adsersen Mathilde , Jensen Henry , Ibfelt Else Helene , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Neergaard Mette Asbjørn , Møller Henrik , Olesen Tina Bech 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesFew studies have examined whether access to, and quality of, specialised palliative care changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated changes in access to and quality of specialised palliative care during the pandemic in Denmark compared to previously.MethodsAn observational study using data from the Danish Palliative Care Database combined with other nationwide registries was conducted, including 69 696 patients referred to palliative care services in Denmark from 2018 to 2022. Study outcomes included number of referrals and admissions to palliative care, and the proportions of patients fulfilling four palliative care quality indicators. The indicators assessed admissions among referred, waiting time from referral to admission, symptom screening using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionaire-Core-15-Palliative Care (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL) questionnaire at admission, and discussion at multidisciplinary conference. Logistic regression analysed whether the probability of fulfilling each indicator differed between the pandemic period and pre-pandemic, while adjusting for possible confounders.ResultNumber of referrals and admissions to specialised palliative care were lower during the pandemic. The odds for being admitted within 10 days of referral was higher during the pandemic (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.45) whereas the odds for answering the EORTC questionnaire (0.88; 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.92) and for being discussed at multidisciplinary conference (0.93; 95% CI: 0.89 to 0.97) were lower compared with pre-pandemic.ConclusionsFewer patients were referred to specialised palliative care during the pandemic, and fewer were screened for palliative care needs. In future pandemics or similar scenarios, it is important to pay special attention to referral rates and to maintain the same high level of specialised palliative care.