bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of current policies towards widening cervical screening coverage among vulnerable women in 22 European countries
Authors: Mallafré-Larrosa Meritxell , Ritchie David , Papi Ginevra , Mosquera Isabel , Mensah Keitly , Lucas Eric , Bøje Rikke Buus , Kirkegaard Pia , Andersen Berit , Basu Partha ,   the CBIG-SCREEN Consortium, Bardou Marc , Andersen Berit S , Kirkegaard Pia , Bøje Rikke Buus , Tranberg Mette , Legood Rosa , Sun Li , McKee Martin , Bell Sadie , Greenley Rachel , Foss Anna , Rossi Paolo Giorgi , Bartolini Letizia , Bonvicini Laura , Ghirottoo Luca , Iorio Giusy , Auzzi Noemi , Mantellini Paola , Lunet Nuno , Firmino-Machado João , Teixeira Margarida , Fernandes Ana , Amorim Mariana , Baía Inês , Uusküla Anneli , Tisler Anna , Baban Aadriana , Tăut Diana , Jiboc Nicoleta , Nicula Florian , Tolnai Alexandra , Moore Rebecca , Moore Vanessa , Basu Partha , Mosquera Isabel , Mensah Keitly , Lucas Eric , Kirkegaard Pia , Rochaix Lise , Fiorina Camilla , Todorova Irina , Panayotova Yulia , Kotzeva Tatyana , Ritchie David , Ros Comesana Helena , Mallafré-Larrosa Meritxel , Papi Ginevra , Dascher-Nadel Christiane 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the status of cervical cancer screening (CCS) implementation in Europe by investigating national or regional policies towards broadening coverage of CCS amongst vulnerable subgroups of the population at high risk for CC.

Methods
A web-based survey was conducted between September 2021 and February 2022 with CCS programme managers and experts to identify and rank six population subgroups at high risk considered most vulnerable to CC and to map existing policies that addressed the coverage of CCS towards population sub-groups at risk.

Results
A total of 31 responses were received from experts covering 22 European countries. The results of this survey suggest that whilst many countries identify lower coverage of CCS amongst population subgroups at high risk of CC as a public health problem, few countries have developed dedicated policies towards broadening coverage among these subgroups. The six countries who reported having done so were concentrated in the Northern or Western European regions, suggesting the existence of geographical disparities within the continent. A key challenge in this respect is the difficulty to categorize subgroups of the target population; many individuals are burdened by intersectionality thereby resting in multiple categories, which may hinder the effectiveness of interventions targeted to reach specific subgroups.

Conclusion
A greater clarity on the conceptualization of vulnerability can help countries to develop and subsequently implement strategies to increase coverage to subgroups of the target population currently underserved with regards to CCS.
The ethical aspects of exposome research: a systematic review
Authors: Safarlou Caspar W , Jongsma Karin R , Vermeulen Roel , Bredenoord Annelien L 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, exposome research has been put forward as the next frontier for the study of human health and disease. Exposome research entails the analysis of the totality of environmental exposures and their corresponding biological responses within the human body. Increasingly, this is operationalized by big-data approaches to map the effects of internal as well as external exposures using smart sensors and multiomics technologies. However, the ethical implications of exposome research are still only rarely discussed in the literature. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the academic literature regarding both the exposome and underlying research fields and approaches, to map the ethical aspects that are relevant to exposome research. We identify five ethical themes that are prominent in ethics discussions: the goals of exposome research, its standards, its tools, how it relates to study participants, and the consequences of its products. Furthermore, we provide a number of general principles for how future ethics research can best make use of our comprehensive overview of the ethical aspects of exposome research. Lastly, we highlight three aspects of exposome research that are most in need of ethical reflection: the actionability of its findings, the epidemiological or clinical norms applicable to exposome research, and the meaning and action–implications of bias.
The Safety of Dilation of Ileoanal Strictures With Mechanical or Balloon Dilation Is Similar Among Patients After Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis
Authors: Darlington Kimberly , Wang Annmarie , Herfarth Hans H , Barnes Edward L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Anastomotic strictures occur in up to 38% of patients after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA). We sought to compare the safety, effectiveness, and durability of mechanical dilation using a Hegar dilator to endoscopic through-the-scope balloon dilation (EBD) among IPAA patients with a rectal or ileoanal anastomotic stricture.

Methods
We identified adult patients with an IPAA for ulcerative colitis (UC) who underwent a pouchoscopy between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, at a single institution. We compared the effectiveness (median maximum diameter of dilation [MMD]), safety, and durability of mechanical and balloon dilation using standard statistical comparisons.

Results
A total 74 patients had a stricture at the ileoanal anastomosis and underwent at least 1 mechanical or balloon dilation. The MMD with mechanical dilation was 19 (interquartile range [IQR], 18-20) mm for the first dilation and 20 (IQR, 18-20) mm for the second and third dilations. With balloon dilation, the MMD was 12 (IQR, 12-18) mm for the first dilation, 15 (IQR, 12-16.5) mm for the second dilation, and 18 (IQR, 15-18.5) mm for the third dilation. Patients undergoing mechanical dilation experienced a longer duration to second dilation (median 191 days vs 53 days: P &lt; .001), with no difference in complications such as bleeding or perforation noted.

Conclusions
Among patients with ileoanal and rectal strictures, mechanical and balloon approaches to dilation demonstrated similar safety profiles and effectiveness. Mechanical dilation with Hegar dilators appears to be an effective and safe approach to the treatment of distal strictures after IPAA.
Prevalence and predictors of infant and young child feeding practices in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Cadri Abdul , Frimpong James Boadu , Dadzie Louis Kobina , Budu Eugene , Eyawo Oghenowede , Yaya Sanni 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
A sample of 87 672 mother–child pairs from the 2010–2020 Demographic and Health Surveys of 32 countries in SSA was used. Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the predictors of MDD, MMF, and MAD. Percentages and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to present the findings.

Results
The prevalence of MDD, MMF, and MAD in SSA were 25.3% (95% CI 21.7 to 28.9), 41.2% (95% CI 38.8 to 43.6), and 13.3% (95% CI 11.6 to 15.0), respectively. Children aged 18–23 months were more likely to have MDD and MAD but less likely to have MMF. Children of mothers with higher education levels were more likely to have MDD, MMF, and MAD. Children who were delivered in a health facility were more likely to have MDD and MAD but less likely to have MMF.

Conclusions
Following the poor state of complementary feeding practices for infants and young children, the study recommends that regional and national policies on food and nutrition security and maternal and child nutrition and health should follow the internationally recommended guidelines in promoting, protecting, and supporting age-appropriate complementary foods and feeding practices for infants and young children.
Severe tooth loss and mortality risk: a population-based, longitudinal prospective study in a rural setting
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H , Recalde Bettsy Y , Rumbea Denisse A , Mera Robertino M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Information on the relationship between tooth loss and mortality among individuals living in rural settings is limited.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, Atahualpa residents ≥40 y of age (n=933) were followed for a mean of 7.3±3.2 y to estimate mortality risk according to whether they had severe tooth loss (&lt;10 remaining teeth).

Results
Overall, 151 individuals (16%) died, resulting in a crude mortality rate of 2.35 per 100 person-years of follow-up. Individuals with severe tooth loss were more likely to die (73/276) compared with those with mild–moderate tooth loss (78/657), after adjusting for relevant covariates (hazard ratio 1.45 [95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.04]).

Conclusions
Severe tooth loss is associated with increased mortality in remote communities.
Leveraging natural language processing and geospatial time series model to analyze COVID-19 vaccination sentiment dynamics on Tweets
Authors: Ye Jiancheng , Hai Jiarui , Wang Zidan , Wei Chumei , Song Jiacheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and apply a natural language processing (NLP)-based approach to analyze public sentiments on social media and their geographic pattern in the United States toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. We also aim to provide insights to facilitate the understanding of the public attitudes and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsWe collected Tweet posts by the residents in the United States after the dissemination of the COVID-19 vaccine. We performed sentiment analysis based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and qualitative content analysis. Time series models were leveraged to describe sentiment trends. Key topics were analyzed longitudinally and geospatially.ResultsA total of 3 198 686 Tweets related to COVID-19 vaccination were extracted from January 2021 to February 2022. 2 358 783 Tweets were identified to contain clear opinions, among which 824 755 (35.0%) expressed negative opinions towards vaccination while 1 534 028 (65.0%) demonstrated positive opinions. The accuracy of the BERT model was 79.67%. The key hashtag-based topics include Pfizer, breaking, wearamask, and smartnews. The sentiment towards vaccination across the states showed manifest variability. Key barriers to vaccination include mistrust, hesitancy, safety concern, misinformation, and inequity.ConclusionWe found that opinions toward the COVID-19 vaccination varied across different places and over time. This study demonstrates the potential of an analytical pipeline, which integrates NLP-enabled modeling, time series, and geospatial analyses of social media data. Such analyses could enable real-time assessment, at scale, of public confidence and trust in COVID-19 vaccination, help address the concerns of vaccine skeptics, and provide support for developing tailored policies and communication strategies to maximize uptake.
Using Antibodies in Microscopy: A Guide to Immunohistochemistry. Part 1: Antibodies, Tissue Fixation, Embedding, and Sectioning
Authors: Guerin Christopher J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmunohistochemistry (IHC) is the use of antibodies as probes to determine the localization of proteins in a cell or tissue sample. In microscopy, the technique has been in use since the 1940s by pathologists and research scientists. At first glance it appears to be a straightforward procedure. In practice, however, an IHC protocol has several steps where problems can occur, resulting in either false positive or false negative data. IHC can be used in both transmitted light and fluorescence microscopy, and it can be used in combinations to identify and mark multiple proteins of interest. While many IHC techniques have been published, a certain amount of confusion exists as to how to optimize IHC procedures. This series of three articles will describe the steps involved in IHC, the function of each step, and some variations that occur in specific protocols on differing cell and tissue types. It is hoped that a better understanding of these steps will help to guide users in determining the optimal conditions for carrying through IHC protocols.
Evolution of Linoleic Acid Biosynthesis Paved the Way for Ecological Success of Termites
Authors: Macháček Stanislav , Tupec Michal , Horáček Natan , Halmová Martina , Roy Amit , Machara Aleš , Kyjaková Pavlína , Lukšan Ondřej , Pichová Iva , Hanus Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Termites are dominant animals of tropical terrestrial ecosystems. Their success is due to their eusocial organization as well as their ability to digest dead plant tissues. While being extremely abundant, the termite diet is poor in crucial nutrients, such as fatty acids. Linoleic acid (LA) is a precursor for many vital biomolecules, and most animals depend on its dietary supply. Termites count among the exceptions known to produce LA de novo, presumably via the action of an unknown Δ12 fatty acyl desaturase (FAD) introducing the second double bond into monounsaturated oleic acid. Here, we search for the evolutionary origin of LA biosynthesis in termites. To this end, we compile the repertoire of FAD homologs from 57 species of termites and their closest relatives, the cockroaches, analyze FAD phylogeny, and identify a potential Δ12 FAD branch, which arose through duplication of a likely Δ9 FAD. We functionally characterize both paralogs and identify the Δ9 activity in the ancestral FAD-A1a and the Δ12 activity responsible for LA biosynthesis in FAD-A1b. Through the combination of homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we pinpoint structural features possibly contributing to the distinct functions, regiospecificities, and substrate preferences of the two enzymes. We confirm the presence of both paralogs in all 36 studied species of the Blattoidea lineage (Blattidae, Lamproblattidae, Cryptocercidae, and termites) and conclude that we identified an evolutionary event important for the ecological success of termites, which took place in their cockroach ancestors roughly 160 My and remained conserved throughout termite diversification into 3,000 extant species.
Topological properties in an Aubry–André–Harper model with p-wave superconducting pairing
Authors: Xu Tong-Tong , Li Jia-Rui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the topological properties of the one-dimensional p-wave Aubry–André–Harper (AAH) model with periodic incommensurate potential and transition coupling. The calculation results show that due to co-influence of the incommensurate potential and modulation phase, three topological phases arise in different parameter regions: a topologically trivial phase, Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH)-like topological phase, and Kitaev-like topological superconducting phase with Majorana zero modes. By evaluating the Andreev reflection conductance, we see that in the Kitaev-like phase, the quantized conductance plateau comes into being at the zero-bias limit, due to the occurrence of resonant Andreev reflection. In addition, when the disorder effect is incorporated, the SSH-like topology is modified sensitively and the degenerate topological states split, whereas the Kitaev-like topological phase is robust to weak disorder. Finally, we find that disorder can induce topological phase transition, i.e. from the topologically trivial phase to the topological phase. Based on these results, we believe that our findings have significance for studying the topological phase transition in a one-dimensional topological superconducting system. Also, it provides a feasible scheme for clarifying different topological phases.
The Value of Data Records
Authors: Galperti Simone , Levkun Aleksandr , Perego Jacopo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Many e-commerce platforms use buyers’ personal data to intermediate their transactions with sellers. How much value do such intermediaries derive from the data record of each single individual? We characterize this value and find that one of its key components is a novel externality between records, which arises when the intermediary pools some records to withhold the information they contain. Our analysis has several implications about compensating individuals for the use of their data, guiding companies’ investments in data acquisition, and more broadly studying the demand side of data markets. Our methods combine modern information design with classic duality theory and apply to a large class of principal-agent problems.
Air pollution and human endogenous retrovirus methylation in the school inner-city asthma intervention study
Authors: Reddam Aalekhya , Bollati Valentina , Wu Haotian , Favero Chiara , Tarantini Letizia , Hoxha Mirjam , Comfort Nicole , Gold Diane R , Phipatanakul Wanda , Baccarelli Andrea A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are transposable genomic elements generally repressed through DNA methylation. HERVs can be demethylated and expressed in response to environmental stimuli. Therefore, more research is needed to understand the influence of environmental exposures on HERV methylation. Air pollutants are commonly linked with global hypomethylation, and as HERVs comprise of nearly 8% of repetitive elements in the human genome, our objective was to examine the association between air pollutant exposure and HERV methylation. We investigated 180 students with asthma participating in the School Inner-City Asthma Intervention Study, which evaluated the efficacy of classroom air filters and school-wide pest management on air pollutant/allergen exposure and asthma. Both air pollutants measured in classrooms and asthma outcomes assessed by surveys were collected pre- and post-intervention. Buccal swabs were also collected pre- and post-intervention, and methylation levels from 9 transposable genomic elements (HERV-E, -FRD, -K, -L, -R, -W, -9, and HRES and LINE1) were measured. Adjusting for relevant covariates, the overall air pollutant mixture was cross-sectionally associated with higher HERV-W and lower HERV-L and LINE1 methylation. Coarse PM was cross-sectionally associated with higher HERV-K methylation and CO2 with lower LINE1 methylation. These results suggest that exposure to air pollutants is associated with HERV-W and HERV-K hypermethylation and HERV-L and LINE1 hypomethylation in children with asthma. Future studies are needed to characterize the links between HERV methylation and possible adverse outcomes.
Changes in Burnout and Moral Distress Among Veterans Health Administration (VA) Physicians Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mohr David C. , Apaydin Eric A. , Li Brandon M. , Molloy-Paolillo Brianne K. , Rinne Seppo T. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundWe investigated the impacts of workload, resources, organizational satisfaction, and psychological safety on changes in physician burnout and moral distress among physicians during the early pandemic.MethodsWe obtained national administrative and survey data on burnout, moral distress, organizational satisfaction, psychological safety, COVID-19 burden, and state-level restrictions for 11,877–14,246 Veterans Health Administration (VA) physicians from 2019 and 2020. We regressed the changes in burnout and moral distress on the changes in reasonable workload, appropriate job resources, organizational satisfaction, and psychological safety, controlling for COVID-19 burden and restrictions, and individual and medical center characteristics.ResultsBurnout and moral distress were not related to COVID-19 cases or restrictions but were reduced by improvements in workload, organizational satisfaction, and psychological safety.ConclusionsHealth systems should be conscious of factors that can harm or improve physician well-being, especially in the context of external stressors.
Evaluation of Surgical N95 Respirators Covered With Combinations of Masks and Face Shield
Authors: Powell Jeffrey B. , Quinn Tyler , Walbert Gary , Simons Jeremy 
Published: April 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to evaluate the metabolic demands and internal breathing environments when covering an N95 with a surgical mask, cloth mask, and/or FS.

Methods
Three N95 models approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were evaluated under six covering conditions using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Automated Breathing and Metabolic Simulator. All conditions used one trial with each N95 for six incremental 5-minute work rates. Inhaled oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, peak inhaled and exhaled pressures, and inhaled wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures were measured continuously and averaged across all work rates and covering conditions.

Conclusions
Results suggest that metabolic demands and internal breathing environments are significantly impacted by all combinations of coverings tested when compared to N95 only.
An Assessment of Faculty Perceptions of Wellness Needs and Strategies to Optimize Engagement With Wellness Resources in Academic Medicine
Authors: Pieri Matteo F. , Becker-Haimes Emily M. , Weiss Michal , Grabill Megan , Neergaard Rebecca , Bellini Lisa , Wolk Courtney Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Faculty at academic medical institutions are at increased risk for burnout. This study aimed to assess faculty perceptions of wellness needs and identify strategies to optimize engagement with individualized wellness resources.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 37 faculty members in one US academic medical center.

Results
Participants identified significant barriers to achieving emotional health and wellness goals. Areas where participants identified needing the most support included interpersonal relationships, accountability for wellness goals, career support, financial resources, and mentorship. Most participants were unaware of all wellness resources available at their institution. Participants recommended regular marketing and emphasizing confidentiality of employer-sponsored programs. They also provided feedback on specific dissemination and marketing methods.

Conclusions
This research underscores the need for wellness resources for faculty and the importance of intentional dissemination of these resources to optimize uptake.
Inhibition of somatostatin enhances the long-term metabolic outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy in mice
Authors: Kleiman Doron , Arad Yhara , Azulai Shira , Baker Aaron , Bergel Michael , Elad Amit , Hefetz Liron , Israeli Hadar , Littor Mika , Permyakova Anna , Samuel Itia , Tam Joseph , Schyr Rachel Ben-Haroush , Ben-Zvi Danny 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBariatric surgery is an effective obesity treatment, leading to weight loss and improvement in glycemia, that is characterized by hypersecretion of gastrointestinal hormones. However, weight regain and relapse of hyperglycemia are not uncommon. Here, we investigated the role of somatostatin (Sst) in bariatric surgery outcomes using a mouse model of sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Sst knockout (sst-ko) mice fed with a calorie-rich diet gained weight normally, and had a mild favorable metabolic phenotype compared to heterozygous sibling controls, including elevated plasma levels of Glp1. Mathematical modeling of the feedback inhibition between Sst and Glp1 showed that Sst exerts its maximal effect on Glp1 under conditions of high hormonal stimulation, such as following SG. Obese sst-ko mice that underwent SG had higher levels of Glp1 compared with heterozygous SG-operated controls. Accordingly, SG-sst-ko mice regained less weight than controls and maintained lower glycemia months after surgery. Obese wild-type mice that underwent SG and were treated daily with a Sst receptor inhibitor for two months, had higher Glp1 levels, regained less weight, and improved glycemia compared to saline- treated SG-operated controls. Our results suggest that Sst signaling inhibition enhances and maintains the long-term favorable metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery.