bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the timing of antenatal corticosteroid administration prior to anticipated preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Danieli‐Gruber Shir , Levy Hillah , Gomez Rachel , Houri Ohad , Geron Yossi , Hadar Eran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine suboptimal antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) administration based on indications and maternal‐obstetrical factors.MethodsWomen who prematurely delivered (24 + 0 to 36 + 6 gestational weeks) a viable neonate following ACS treatment between 2012 and 2019 were identified by a retrospective database review. The cohort was divided into patients in whom ACS administration was optimally timed (≥24 h to ≤7 days) or suboptimally timed (>7 days). The groups were compared for ACS indications and maternal, obstetrical, and neonatal parameters.ResultsThe cohort included 399 women. ACS timing was optimal in 233 patients (58%) and was associated with nulliparity (109 [46.8%] vs. 54 [32.5%], P = 0.004) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (89 [38.2%] vs. 45 [27.1%], P = 0.021). Suboptimal timing was associated with chronic hypertension (22 [9.4%] vs. 36 [21.7%], P < 0.001) and asymptomatic cervical shortening (23 [9.9%] vs. 26 [15.7%], P = 0.020). Optimal ACS timing was associated with higher neonatal intensive care unit admission (135 [58%] vs. 71 [42.8%], P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of neonatal intensive care unit admission was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–0.83, P < 0.001) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99–1, P = 0.003) when adjusted for gestational age and birth weight, respectively. When adjusting for maternal age, the aOR for suboptimal ACS administraion due to chronic hypertension was 2.65 (95% CI, 1.49–4.72; P < 0.001).ConclusionOptimal timing of ACS varies based on different maternal characteristics and clinical indications. In the presence of certain parameters physicians tend to administer ACS suboptimally, diminishing its beneficial effect.
Enhanced bioactivity and hydrothermal aging resistance of Y‐TZP ceramics for dental implant
Authors: He Qixuan , Zhang Wenmin , Zhan Xiaozhen , Qin Yanping , Ye Jiandong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y‐TZP) ceramics have been widely used as restorative materials due to their high mechanical strength, unique esthetic effect, and good biocompatibility, their general application to implant materials is still limited by their biological inertness and hydrothermal aging phenomenon. Existing studies have attempted to investigate how to enhance the bioactivity or hydrothermal aging resistance of Y‐TZP. Still, more studies need to be done on the modification that combines these two aspects. In this study, Y‐TZP was prepared by 77S bioactive glass (BG) sol and akermanite (AKT) sol infiltration and microwave sintering, which provided Y‐TZP with high bioactivity while maintaining resistance to hydrothermal aging. Results of phase composition evaluation, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical property tests showed that modified Y‐TZP specimens exhibited little or no tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic (t → m) transformation and maintained relatively high mechanical properties after accelerated hydrothermal aging treatment. The in vitro biological behaviors showed that the introduction of 77S BG and AKT significantly promoted cell adhesion, spreading, viability, and proliferation on the surface of modified Y‐TZP ceramics. Therefore, this modification could effectively enhance the bioactivity and hydrothermal aging resistance of Y‐TZP ceramics for its application in dental implant materials.
Recent Advances in Habenula Imaging Technology: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bian BingYang , Zhang Bei , Wong ChinTing , Dou Le , Pan XingChen , Wang HongChao , Guo ShiYu , Zhang HuiMao , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2023

The habenula (Hb) is involved in many natural human behaviors, and the relevance of its alterations in size and neural activity to several psychiatric disorders and addictive behaviors has been presumed and investigated in recent years using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although the Hb is small, an increasing number of studies have overcome the difficulties in MRI. Conventional structural‐based imaging also has great defects in observing the Hb contrast with adjacent structures. In addition, more and more attention should be paid to the Hb's functional, structural, and quantitative imaging studies. Several advanced MRI methods have recently been employed in clinical studies to explore the Hb and its involvement in psychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the anatomy and function of the human Hb; moreover, it focuses on exploring the human Hb with noninvasive MRI approaches, highlighting strategies to overcome the poor contrast with adjacent structures and the need for multiparametric MRI to develop imaging markers for diagnosis and treatment follow‐up.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Gait speed and kinesiophobia explain physical activity level in adults with osteoarthritis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aydemir Burcu , Huang Chun‐Hao , Foucher Kharma C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIdentifying potential contributing factors for physical inactivity in people with knee osteoarthritis is vital for designing practical activity promoting interventions. Walking is a common activity, but it is unknown how gait characteristics may influence physical activity and if psychological factors, specifically fear of movement (kinesiophobia), contribute to this relationship. The aim of our study was to investigate the contributions of select gait parameters and kinesiophobia to activity levels. Cross‐sectional data from 40 participants (F 24|M 16; age 57.6 ± 8.9 years; BMI 34.7 ± 7.0 kg/m2) with uni‐ or bilateral knee osteoarthritis were included. Physical activity and kinesiophobia were assessed by self‐report using the University of California, Los Angeles activity rating scale, and Tampa scale for kinesiophobia, respectively. Gait parameters were collected with three‐dimensional gait analysis while participants walked on an instrumented split‐belt treadmill at a self‐selected speed. Higher peak sagittal plane joint moments at the ankle (ρ = 0.418, p = 0.007), and hip (ρ = 0.348, p = 0.028), faster self‐selected gait speed (ρ = 0.553, p < 0.001), and less kinesiophobia or fear of movement (ρ = −0.695, p < 0.001) were independently related to higher physical activity level in adults with knee osteoarthritis. In hierarchical regression models, after accounting for covariates, only self‐selected gait speed, and kinesiophobia significantly contributed to explaining the variation in physical activity level. Statement of clinical significance: Interventions aimed at improving physical activity participation in those with lower limb osteoarthritis should consider assessing the contribution of pain‐related fear of movement.
Association between enteral feeding and gastrointestinal complications in children receiving extracorporeal life support: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tume Lyvonne N. , Beech Gail , Tse Chi , Nolan Shirley , Brady Alison , Odutolu Yetunde , Latten Lynne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundExtracorporeal life support is an accepted treatment modality for children with severe cardiac and/or respiratory dysfunction. However, after a period of inadequate gut perfusion, clinicians are often reluctant to initiate enteral nutrition.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in a single large pediatric intensive care unit in North West England over 5.5 years (2017–2022).ResultsOne hundred fifty‐six children, who had a median age of 2 months (IQR, 0.3–15) and a mean weight‐for‐age z score of –1.50 (SD, 1.7), were included. Indications for extracorporeal life support were respiratory failure (31%), cardiac arrest (28%), low cardiac output state (27%), and inability to separate from cardiopulmonary bypass (12%). Most (75%) children were fed during extracorporeal life support, with a median time to initiate feeding of 24 h (IQR, 12.2–42.7). More gastrointestinal complications were associated with being enterally fed (86% vs 14%; P < 0.001), but complications were predominantly feed intolerance (46%), which was associated with receiving formula feeds rather than maternal (breast) milk (P < 0.001). Overall, the proportion of children's median energy targets achieved by 72 h was 38% (IQR, 10.7%−76%), but this varied by support indication.ConclusionsOur findings suggest most children tolerated enteral feeding within 24 h after extracorporeal life support initiation, with only mild gastrointestinal complications.
Plant availability and leaching of 15N‐labelled mineral fertilizer residues retained in agricultural soil for 25 years: A lysimeter study
Authors: Sørensen Peter , Pedersen Betina N. , Thomsen Ingrid K. , Eriksen Jørgen , Christensen Bent T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundA high use‐efficiency of fertilizer N remains essential to sustain high crop productivity with low environmental impact. However, little is known on the long‐term lability of mineral fertilizer N.AimsTo quantify crop uptake and leaching of 15N‐labelled mineral fertilizer that has been retained in an agricultural soil for 25–30 years in crops with variable growing season.MethodsA field plot received 15N‐labelled mineral fertilizers over a period of 5 years and was then kept under arable cropping for 12 years. After relocation to 16 lysimeters, the topsoil grew set‐aside grassland for the next 13 years. Then crop uptakes and leaching losses of 15N remaining in soil was tested over a 2‐year period by either converting set‐aside grass to production grassland, or by replacing it with spring barley (+/− autumn cover crop) or vegetation‐free fallow. All treatments received unlabelled mineral N fertilizers.ResultsCrop uptake and leaching of 15N were generally highest in the first test year after termination of the set‐aside. The leaching of residual 15N in soil declined in the order: vegetation‐free soil (4.7%), spring barley (1.9%), spring barley + cover crop (0.7%) and production grassland (0.2%). Corresponding losses for the second leaching period were 2.7%, 0.9%, 0.4% and 0.06%. There was a fixed relationship between leaching losses of 15N and total N.ConclusionsAfter residing in soil for 25–30 years, the lability of labelled mineral N fertilizer residues appeared slightly higher than the lability of bulk soil N. Autumn vegetation was crucial for reducing leaching losses.
Transoral Surgery in HPV‐Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: Oncologic Outcomes in the Veterans Affairs System
Authors: Faraji Farhoud , Kumar Abhishek , Voora Rohith , Soliman Shady I. , Cherry Daniel , Courtney P. Travis , Finegersh Andrey , Guo Theresa , Cohen Ezra , Califano Joseph A. , Mell Loren , Rose Brent , Orosco Ryan K. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesMost transoral robotic surgery (TORS) literature for HPV‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV‐OPC) derives from high‐volume tertiary‐care centers. This study aims to describe long‐term recurrence and survival outcomes among Veterans Health Administration patients.Materials and MethodsUsing the US Veterans Affairs database, we identified patients with HPV‐OPC treated with TORS between January 2010 and December 2016. Patients were stratified in risk categories: low (0–1 metastatic nodes, negative margins), intermediate (close margins, 2–4 metastatic nodes, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, pT3‐pT4 tumor), or high (positive margins, extranodal extension (ENE), and/or ≥5 metastatic nodes). Primary outcomes included overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).ResultsThe cohort included 161 patients of which 29 (18%) were low‐risk, 45 (28%) intermediate‐risk, and 87 (54%) high‐risk. ENE was present in 41% of node‐positive cases and 24% had positive margins. Median follow‐up was 5.6 years (95% CI, 3.0–9.3). The 5‐year DSS for low, intermediate, and high‐risk groups were: 100%, 90.0% (95% CI, 75.4–96.1%), and 88.7% (95% CI, 78.3–94.2%). Pathologic features associated with poor DSS on univariable analysis included pT3‐T4 tumors (HR 3.81, 95% CI, 1.31–11; p = 0.01), ≥5 metastatic nodes (HR 3.41, 95% CI, 1.20–11; p = 0.02), and ENE (HR 3.53, 95% CI, 1.06–12; p = 0.04). Higher 5‐year cumulative incidences of recurrence were observed in more advanced tumors (pT3‐T4, 33% [95% CI, 14–54%] versus pT1‐T2, 13% [95% CI, 8–19%]; p = 0.01).ConclusionsIn this nationwide study, patients with HPV‐OPC treated with TORS followed by adjuvant therapy at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers demonstrated favorable survival outcomes comparable to those reported in high‐volume academic centers and clinical trials.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:207–214, 2024
Coupling analysis of polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric waveguides in the sub‐THz band
Authors: Li Yue , Liao Shaowei , Xue Quan , Che Wenquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis letter investigates the coupling between two parallel‐placed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dielectric waveguides over the frequency band from 90 to 110 GHz. The coupling is considered under different working frequencies, coupling spacings, coupling lengths, and polarizations. Simulations and measurements are carried out, and the results indicate the coupling can be significantly reduced by increasing the operating frequency and coupling spacing and adopting vertical polarization (VP) for a specific coupling length. In particular, the simulated and measured results with a 9‐mm coupling distance under two polarization states can be kept under −30 dB for 50‐ and 100‐mm coupling lengths, leading to negligible interference. In the practical arrangement of PTFE dielectric waveguides working at the other frequencies, one can follow the same rule to reduce the coupling between waveguides and thus avoid interference.
TOC‐Analytik: Organische Kohlenstoff im Boden
Authors: Kerkhof Heidrun , Hupach Sascha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDer Gehalt an organischem Kohlenstoff ist in der physischen Geographie ein Parameter für die Bodenqualität. Die Erkenntnisse dienen dazu, Biodiversität zu erhalten und Ernteerträge zu sichern. Um Bodenproben für die Analyse zu gewinnen, gibt es mehrere Verfahren.
Industrie: Mit dem digitalen Zwilling Emissionen senken
Authors: Reynolds Stephen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDie chemische Industrie ist der drittgrößte Industriezweig Deutschlands und zeichnet für einen hohen Anteil an emittierten Treibhausgasen verantwortlich. Damit Unternehmen diese reduzieren können, braucht es Techniken wie Anlagen in digitaler Form.
Multiphasic modelling of thrombus formation and growth based on the Theory of Porous Media
Authors: Gupta Ishan , Schanz Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAortic dissection (AD) has a high mortality rate. 40% of the people with Type B Aortic Dissection do not live for more than a month. The prognosis of Aortic Dissection is quite challenging leading to an interest in computational methods to help with the decision‐making process for the treatment. The Theory of Porous Media (TPM) provides an excellent framework to describe the multiphasic structure of the thrombus. The whole aggregate is divided into solid, liquid and nutrient constituents. We assume the constituents to be materially incompressible, the whole aggregate to be fully saturated and under isothermal conditions. The balance equations of the constituents have coupling terms, also known as production terms, which take care of the interactions between the different phases. The volume fractions define the constituents. Therefore, the regions with thrombus are determined using the solid volume fraction. Darcy's law describes the flow of fluid in the porous media. We present the set of equations and a numerical example for thrombosis in Type B Aortic Dissection. We implement the equations in PANDAS, a finite element package designed to solve strongly coupled multiphase porous media problems.
A Novel Energy and Momentum Consistent Mixed Formulation for Coupled Nonlinear Electro‐Thermo‐Elastodynamics
Authors: Zähringer Felix , Franke Marlon , Betsch Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present contribution, a novel mixed formulation aimed at the energy‐momentum consistent simulation of coupled nonlinear electro‐thermo‐elastodynamic systems, in particular dielectric elastomer actuators, is proposed. It is essentially based on a mixed framework for elastodynamics in the case of polyconvex stored energy functions. In accordance with this framework, the properties of the rediscovered tensor cross product are exploited in a first step to derive a mixed formulation via a Hu‐Washizu type extension of the stored energy function. Afterwards, the corresponding strong form is derived and supplemented with the (initial) boundary value problems of thermodynamics and electrostatics. By additionally choosing an appropriate polyconvexity‐inspired energy density function, this procedure leads to a fully coupled electro‐thermo‐elastodynamic formulation that benefits from the properties of the underlying mixed framework.Furthermore, an energy‐momentum consistent time integration scheme is proposed for the novel framework, where discrete derivatives in the sense of Gonzalez are employed. The formulation is second‐order accurate and stable even for large time step sizes. Eventually, the performance of the novel formulation is illustrated in a numerical example.
Numerical simulation of the thermal wave induced by a moving interfacial heat source with respect to Christov–Cattaneo's equation
Authors: Feike Marvin C. , Mundt Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe hyperbolic wave equation of heat conduction with respect to Christov's formulation is utilized with the Streamline‐ Upwind‐Petrov‐Galerkin method in space and the Θ, Houbolt, linear acceleration, Wilson‐Θ and Newmark methods in time. The derivation of this equation and its matrix formulation are shown. A 2D transient finite element simulation of a generic asperity with an infinite line heat source in an interface, either as a heat flux density q̇ or temperature distribution T, is performed for Math = [0.5; 1.0]. A sensitivity study is presented for the mentioned numerical schemes. The temperature jump in the solution is interpreted as an indicator for a thermal shock.
The Numerical Assembly Technique for arbitrary planar beam structures based on an improved homogeneous solution
Authors: Kramer Thomas , Gfrerer Michael Helmut 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Numerical Assembly Technique (NAT) is extended to investigate arbitrary planar frame structures with a focus on the computation of natural frequencies. This allows us to obtain highly accurate results without resorting to spatial discretization. To this end, we systematically introduce a frame structure as a set of nodes, beams, bearings, springs, and external loads and formulate the corresponding boundary and coupling conditions. As the underlying homogeneous solution of the governing equations, we use a novel approach recently presented in the literature. This greatly improves the numerical stability and allows the stable computation of very high natural frequencies accurately. We show this improvement by investigating the condition number of the system matrix and also by the use of variable precision arithmetic.
Using Mixed Precision in Low‐Synchronization Reorthogonalized Block Classical Gram‐Schmidt
Authors: Oktay Eda , Carson Erin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMixed precision hardware has recently become commercially available, and more than 25% of the supercomputers in the TOP500 list now have mixed precision capabilities. Using lower precision in algorithms can be beneficial in terms of reducing both computation and communication costs. There are many current efforts towards developing mixed precision numerical linear algebra algorithms, which can lead to speedups in real applications. Motivated by this, we aim to further the state‐of‐the‐art in developing and analyzing mixed precision variants of iterative methods. In iterative methods based on Krylov subspaces, the orthogonal basis is generated by Arnoldi or Lanczos methods or their variants. In long recurrence methods such as GMRES, one needs to use an explicit orthogonalization scheme such as Gram‐Schmidt to orthonormalize the vectors generated.Krylov subspace methods, such as GMRES, are typically communication‐bound on modern machines; the runtime is usually dominated by the cost of global synchronizations which are required for the necessary orthogonalization. This has motivated the development of various algorithmic variants which attempt to reduce the communication cost while maintaining a stable algorithm. Recent work has focused on the development of low‐synchronization block variants of Gram‐Schmidt orthogonalization, which, when used within communication‐avoiding (s‐step) or block variants of GMRES, can reduce the number of global synchronizations to one per block.In this work, we focus on the block variant of low‐synchronization classical Gram‐Schmidt with reorthogonalization, which we call BCGSI+LS. We demonstrate that the loss of orthogonality produced by this orthogonalization scheme can exceed O(u)κ(𝒳), where u is the unit roundoff and κ(𝒳) is the condition number of the matrix to be orthogonalized, and thus we can not in general expect this to result in a backward stable block GMRES implementation. We then develop a mixed precision variant of this algorithm, called BCGSI+LS‐MP, which uses higher precision in certain parts of the computation. We demonstrate experimentally that for a number of challenging test problems, our mixed precision variant successfully maintains a loss of orthogonality below O(u)κ(𝒳). This indicates that we can achieve a backward stable block GMRES algorithm that requires only one synchronization per iteration.
Oscillatory solutions to problems in fluid mechanics: Analysis and numerics
Authors: Feireisl Eduard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractApproximate solutions to models of perfect (inviscid) fluid flows may develop oscillations when approaching the limit problem. Anticipating that these oscillations represent, in fact, the behavior of real fluids in the inviscid limit we discuss several possibilities how to identify them and effectively visualize by means of numerical methods.
Pressure‐robust and conforming discretization of the Stokes equations on anisotropic meshes
Authors: Kempf Volker 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPressure‐robust discretizations for incompressible flows have been in the focus of research for the past years. Many publications construct exactly divergence‐free methods or use a reconstruction approach [13] for existing methods like the Crouzeix–Raviart element in order to achieve pressure‐robustness. To the best of our knowledge, except for our recent publications [3, 4], all those articles impose a condition on the shape‐regularity of the mesh, and the two mentioned papers that allow for anisotropic elements use a non‐conforming velocity approximation. Based on the classical Bernardi–Raugel element we provide a conforming pressure‐robust discretization using the reconstruction approach on anisotropic meshes. Numerical examples support the theory.
The skeleton equation method for acoustic transmission problems with varying coefficients
Authors: Florian Francesco , Hiptmair Ralf , Sauter Stefan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we describe the skeleton equation method, to transform a three‐dimensional acoustic transmission problem with variable coefficients and mixed boundary conditions to a non‐local equation on a two‐dimensional skeleton, without relying on an explicit knowledge of Green's function. This is achieved introducing and analyzing abstract layer potentials as solutions of auxiliary coercive full space transmission problems; they satisfy jump conditions across domain interfaces. The novelty in this paper is that we reduce acoustic scattering problems with possible variable coefficients to boundary integral equation on the domain skeleton, and we prove frequency exlicit continuity and coercivity estimates. The resulting equations are stated in a form such that standard boundary element methods can be applied for the discretization.