bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct measurement of cruising and burst swimming speeds of the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) with estimates of field metabolic rate
Authors: Waller Matt J. , Queiroz Nuno , da Costa Ivo , Cidade Tiago , Loureiro Bruno , Womersley Freya C. , Fontes Jorge , Afonso Pedro , Macena Bruno C. L. , Loveridge Alexandra , Humphries Nicolas E. , Southall Emily J. , Sims David W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe shortfin mako shark is a large‐bodied pursuit predator thought to be capable of the highest swimming speeds of any elasmobranch and potentially one of the highest energetic demands of any marine fish. Nonetheless, few direct speed measurements have been reported for this species. Here, animal‐borne bio‐loggers attached to two mako sharks were used to provide direct measurements of swimming speeds, kinematics and thermal physiology. Mean sustained (cruising) speed was 0.90 m s−1 (±0.07 s.d.) with a mean tail‐beat frequency (TBF) of 0.51 Hz (±0.16 s.d.). The maximum burst speed recorded was 5.02 m s−1 (TBFmax = 3.65 Hz) from a 2 m long female. Burst swimming was sustained for 14 s (mean speed = 2.38 m s−1), leading to a 0.24°C increase in white muscle temperature in the 12.5 min after the burst. Routine field metabolic rate was estimated at 185.2 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 (at 18°C ambient temperature). Gliding behaviour (zero TBF) was more frequently observed after periods of high activity, especially after capture when internal (white muscle) temperature approached 21°C (ambient temperature: 18.3°C), indicating gliding probably functions as an energy recovery mechanism and limits further metabolic heat production. The results show shortfin mako sharks generally cruise at speeds similar to other endothermic fish – but faster than ectothermic sharks – with the maximum recorded burst speed being among the highest so far directly measured among sharks, tunas and billfishes. This newly recorded high‐oxygen‐demand performance of mako sharks suggests it may be particularly vulnerable to habitat loss due to climate‐driven ocean deoxygenation.
A practical guide to selecting facial fillers
Authors: Al‐Ghanim Khalifa , Richards Robert , Cohen Steven 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDermal fillers have created a multi‐billion‐dollar industry. They are the second most popular form of injectable, as they primarily address volume loss, augmentation, and provide immediate results. The most popular form includes hyaluronic acid‐based fillers, however, alternatives exist.ObjectiveTo create clinical charts to help with filler selection, injection, and addressing common complications.MethodsThe current literature and expert opinions form our two senior authors were used to create a numerical and color‐coded chart based on G‐prime for filler selection, as well as an anatomical table with current recommendations and pearls. We have also included a safety table with current clinical recommendation to deal with common filler‐related complications.ConclusionFillers are a safe and reliable method to achieve augmentation. Filler selection in various anatomical planes plays a significant role in achieving favorable results.
When Business Model Innovation Creates Value for Companies: A Meta‐Analysis on Institutional Contingencies
Authors: Ilyas Imran M. , Kammerlander Nadine , Turturea Roxana , van Essen Marc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing a meta‐analysis based on 147 primary studies from 27 countries, we synthesize extant knowledge on the relationship between business model innovation (BMI) and firm performance. Our results show that the positive BMI‐firm performance relationship is robust across various conceptualizations of and measures for BMI. Building on prior research suggesting that not all companies benefit equally from engaging in BMI, we set out to study important institutional‐level contingencies for the BMI‐performance relationship. We build on the institution‐based view as theoretical perspective and combine it with insights from the innovation literature to theorize that the magnitude of the positive effect of BMI on firm performance depends on institutional contingencies, specifically national culture and pro‐market institutions, because these national institutions affect BMI‐driven organizational learning processes. Specifically, we argue and show that the positive relationship between BMI and performance is weaker in countries characterized by high levels of masculinity and individualism, and stronger in countries characterized by high levels of customer orientation, economic freedom, and education. Besides the country‐level contingencies, the inclusion of various control variables in our meta‐analysis also reveals that, even if located in the same institutional environment, start‐up firms benefit more from BMI than mature firms and that there are no observable differences regarding BMI benefits among different industries. Moreover, a nuanced analysis shows that the positive effect on performance is stronger when BMI rely on changes in cognitive schemas compared to BMI that are of more technical nature.
Prevalence of Recess and Supportive Practices at a Nationwide Sample of Public Elementary Schools in the United States
Authors: Tsai Marisa M. , Olarte Deborah A. , Hager Erin R. , Cohen Juliana F. W. , Turner Lindsey 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecess provides an important opportunity for children to be physically active during weekdays. Updated, nationally representative, prevalence estimates of elementary school recess practices in the United States are needed.MethodsSurveys were sent to a nationally representative sample of 1010 public elementary schools in the 2019‐2020 school year. Results were compared by region (Northeast, Midwest, South, West), urbanicity, size, racial and ethnic composition, and socioeconomic status (percent eligible for free/reduced‐priced meals).ResultsA total of 559 responses were obtained. About 87.9% of schools provided at least 20 minutes of daily recess and 26.6% had trained recess supervisors. Most schools did not allow students to voluntarily stay inside during recess (71.6%) and around half prohibited withholding recess for poor behavior (45.6%) or to complete schoolwork (49.5%). Several practices varied by region, and withholding recess was more prevalent among schools with lower student socioeconomic makeup.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityRegular national surveillance of recess practices can inform policy needs and efforts to advance equitable access to recess. Quality and access should be considered when developing recess policies.ConclusionsMost United States elementary schools provide recess. However, regional and economic disparities exist. Promoting supportive practices for recess, particularly for schools serving lower‐income communities, is necessary.
Changes in the intestinal microbiota of farmed northern sheatfish (Silurus soldatovi) associated with natural bacterial infection
Authors: Zan Zhongjie , Mao Qing , Han Zhuoran , Sun Jingfeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn acute infectious disease of northern sheatfish (Silurus soldatovi) was found in a commercial aquaculture pond in Tianjin, China. Herein, two dominant bacterial strains were isolated from naturally diseased northern sheatfish and identified as Aeromonas veronii and Vibrio cholerae. Seven healthy and seven naturally diseased fish that were collected from the pond were used for the gut microbiota analysis by high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The α‐diversity indices (ACE, Chao 1, and Shannon) did not differ significantly between diseased and healthy fish (p > 0.05), but a significant separation was observed between them when β‐diversity analysis of the bacterial population was performed. The diseased fish demonstrated a significant elevation in the relative abundances of Aeromonas, Vibrio, Blautia, and Megamonas and a decrease in Cetobacterium, Bacteroides, Chryseolinea, Ralstonia, and Pseudomonas compared with healthy fish (p < 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that microbial marker species in the diseased fish were in the order Aeromonadales, the family Aeromonadaceae, and the genus Aeromonas. The functional profiles of the microbial community that were predicted using the PICRUSt2 indicated that the disturbance of gut microbiota caused the alteration of its functional profiles in the diseased fish.
Parental breeding decisions and genetic quality predict social structure of independent offspring
Authors: Franks Victoria R. , Thorogood Rose , Brekke Patricia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcross the animal kingdom, newly independent juveniles form social associations that influence later fitness, mate choice and gene flow, but little is known about the ontogeny of social environments, particularly in wild populations. Here we test whether associations among young animals form randomly or are influenced by environmental or genetic conditions established by parents. Parents' decisions determine natal birth sites, which could affect who independent young initially encounter; secondly, mate choice determines genetic condition (e.g. inbreeding) of young and the parental care they receive, which can affect sociability. However, genetic and environmental factors are confounded unless related offspring experience different natal environments. Therefore, we used a long‐term genetic pedigree, breeding records and social network data from three cohorts of a songbird with high extra‐pair paternity (hihi, Notiomystis cincta) to disentangle (1) how nest location and relatedness contribute to association structure once juveniles disperse away from birth sites, and (2) if juvenile and/or parental inbreeding predicts individual sociability. We detected positive spatial autocorrelation: hihi that fledged closer by were more likely to associate even after dispersing, irrespective of genetic relatedness. Juvenile inbreeding did not predict sociability, but those raised by more inbred fathers formed more, stronger, associations, which did not depend on whether that male was the genetic parent or not. These results suggest that the natal environment created by parents, rather than focal genetic condition, establishes the foundation for social associations. Overall, we highlight how social inheritance may play an important role in population dynamics and evolutionary potential in wild animals.
Truth and consequences
Authors: Mitchell Polly , Cribb Alan , Entwistle Vikki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn his 1987 paper “Truth or Consequences,” Dan Brock describes a deep conflict between the goals and virtues of philosophical scholarship and public policymaking: whereas the former is concerned with the search for truth, the latter must primarily be concerned with promoting good consequences. When philosophers are engaged in policymaking, he argues, they must shift their primary goal from truth to consequences—but this has both moral and methodological costs. Brock’s argument exemplifies a pessimistic, but not uncommon, view of the possible shape and nature of applied philosophy. The present paper paints a richer and more optimistic picture. It argues that the difference between theoretical philosophy and applied philosophy is not best understood as a choice between truth and consequences. On the contrary, applied philosophers engage in forms of truth‐seeking that are properly concerned with consequences—including the consequences of philosophical practice itself.
Obesity prevalence factors associated with sympathetic overactivity and hypertension
Authors: Shah Wahid , Ali Imran , Shahid Waniya , Muhammad Shoaib , Iqbal Ahmar , Mehmood Arshad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity is the most significant worldwide public health problem and is integrally related to negative cardiovascular disease and hypertension results. The association between obesity and overweight elevated blood pressure is well known, and so it is calculated that 65%–78% of primary hypertension cases are accounted for by obesity.AimThis study aims to focus on whether obesity prevalence factors are associated with sympathetic overactivity and hypertension.MethodsThe pathways by which hypertension is induced by obesity are complicated and involve overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), enhancement of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS), modifications in cytokines produced from adipose, tolerance to insulin, and structural and functional renal changes.ResultsObesity induces the activation of mineralocorticoid receptors independently of aldosterone or angiotensin II (ANG II). The SNS activation mechanism in obesity has not been completely elucidated; however, leptin and activation of the melanocortin brain system may be needed. Obesity‐associated hypertension becomes much more challenging to handle with continuous obesity, and the progression of target organ injury, especially renal injury, multiple antihypertensive medications, and other medical conditions, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, are also needed.ConclusionThis review aimed to address the consequences of obesity and SNS function, risk factors, the impact of obesity, pharmacological treatment strategies for managing, and recommended exercise and diet.
Rapid evolution of a family‐diagnostic trait: artificial selection and correlated responses in wild radish,Raphanus raphanistrum
Authors: Conner Jeffrey K. , Issaka Salia Ousseini , Zhao Zhi‐Gang , Knapczyk Frances , Sahli Heather , Koelling Vanessa A. , Karoly Keith 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe mechanisms underlying trait conservation over long evolutionary time scales are poorly known. These mechanisms fall into the two broad and nonmutually exclusive categories of constraint and selection. A variety of factors have been hypothesized to constrain trait evolution. Alternatively, selection can maintain similar trait values across many species if the causes of selection are also relatively conserved, while many sources of constraint may be overcome over longer periods of evolutionary divergence. An example of deep trait conservation is tetradynamy in the large family Brassicaceae, where the four medial stamens are longer than the two lateral stamens. Previous work has found selection to maintain this difference in lengths, which we call anther separation, in wild radish,Raphanus raphanistrum.Here, we test the constraint hypothesis using five generations of artificial selection to reduce anther separation in wild radish.We found a rapid linear response to this selection, with no evidence for depletion of genetic variation and correlated responses to this selection in only four of 15 other traits, suggesting a lack of strong constraint.Taken together, available evidence suggests that tetradynamy is likely to be conserved due to selection, but the function of this trait remains unclear.
Valgus Stress Radiograph Can Predict Alignment Change of Medial Mobile‐Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jiao Xufeng , Li Zheng , Du Mincong , An Shuai , Huang Jiang , Cao Guanglei 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveFinding reliable tools to predict alignment change after medial mobile‐bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) can help surgeons avoid under‐ or over‐correction. This prospective study aimed to investigate whether the parameters related to medial collateral ligament tension on valgus stress radiograph can predict the alignment change of medial mobile‐bearing UKA and establish a prediction model.MethodsThis study prospectively included the patients undergoing medial mobile‐bearing UKA for knee osteoarthritis from November 2018 and April 2021. Patients took valgus stress radiograph and MRI preoperatively and took full‐length weight‐bearing anterior–posterior radiograph of the lower extremity preoperatively and postoperatively. The medial joint space width (MJSW) on valgus stress radiograph, area of femoral and tibial osteophyte on MRI, medial extrusion distance (MED) of the meniscus on MRI, and the change in hip‐knee‐ankle angle (∆HKAA) were measured. Factors influencing ∆HKAA were analyzed by correlation analysis. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to establish a prediction model of ∆HKAA.ResultsOne hundred and seven knees were included. On average, the preoperative HKAA was 170.84° ± 3.73°, and UKA corrected the alignment to 175.16° ± 3.21° postoperatively (p < 0.001), with ∆HKAA of 4.33° ± 1.93°. Correlation analysis showed that ∆HKAA correlated with MJSW (r = 0.628, p < 0.001), MED (r = 0.262, p < 0.001), and tibial osteophyte area (r = 0.235, p < 0.001). The prediction model for ∆HKAA was obtained by multivariable linear regression: ∆HKAA = −2.003 + 0.947 × MJSW(mm) + 1.838 × total osteophyte area(cm2).ConclusionValgus stress radiographic MJSW and osteophyte area are correlated to the alignment change of medial mobile‐bearing UKA. The prediction model for HKAA change is: ∆HKAA = −2.003 + 0.947 × MJSW(mm) + 1.838 × total osteophyte area(cm2).
Assessment of the stallion sperm acrosome in two different extenders: Spermac stain in comparison with PNA/PSA/PI triple‐staining
Authors: Dierberger H. , Pieper L. , Jung M. , Schulze M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSince the stallion acrosome is very small compared to other species and cannot be properly assessed without additional staining, several labelling techniques were developed to facilitate its assessment. The aim of this study was to compare the Spermac stain (Minitüb GmbH) and a PNA/PSA/PI triple‐staining detected by flow cytometry with regard to method agreement for detecting non‐intact acrosomes within two different extenders. For this purpose, eighteen stallion ejaculates were split in half and diluted with the semen extenders EquiPlus or Gent (Minitüb GmbH) to a final concentration of 50 × 106 sperm/mL, respectively. Subsequently, 126 semen samples were stained with both methods between 4 and 240 h (mean: 63.8 ± 48.9 h) after semen collection. Calculated Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed excellent correlations between both methods for EquiPlus (r = .77, p < .001) and fair correlations for Gent (r = .49, p < .001). Interestingly, flow cytometry detected more non‐intact acrosomes in EquiPlus than in Gent (p < .001), whereas the Spermac stain showed no differences (p = .902) between extenders. The poorer method agreement in Gent could be caused by egg yolk artefacts, which made interpretation difficult, so flow cytometry might be preferred. The differences in detected non‐intact acrosomes between extenders highlighted the importance of establishing adapted laboratory protocols for different extender types in order to generate comparable results.
Constraints on dolomite formation in a Late Palaeozoic saline alkaline lake deposit, Junggar Basin, north‐west China
Authors: Guo Pei , Wen Huaguo , Sánchez‐Román Mónica 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTAlkaline lakes (pH > 9) are among the few modern sedimentary environments that are hydrochemically favourable for low‐temperature dolomite formation. While Mg‐clays and Mg‐evaporites also form more easily in alkaline environments, few studies have focused on how the kinetically inhibited dolomite wins the competition for Mg2+. Here, a basin‐wide survey of the distribution, paragenesis and stable C, O and Mg isotopes of main Mg‐rich minerals in the Late Palaeozoic saline alkaline lake deposit of the north‐west Junggar Basin, north‐west China, is conducted to study the influence of the formation and diagenesis of eitelite, northupite and Mg‐clays on dolomite formation. Large, isolated dolomite crystals (20 to 70 μm in diameter), show positive δ13C values (ranging from +1 to +7‰) and a restricted distribution in the mudstones of the lake‐transitional zone. These crystals have been interpreted as organogenic dolomite driven by methanogenesis via fermentation of organic substrates. The δ18O values of dolomitic mudstones (from −7.4 to +3.4‰), calcitic mudstones (from −15.1 to −3.3‰) and bedded Na‐carbonate evaporites (from +0.08 to +3.7‰), together with their Mg isotopic compositions, suggest that dolomite was not enriched in the most concentrated environments or during stages with most Mg sources, but in the organic‐rich deposits containing few other authigenic Mg‐rich minerals. Dolomite is at a competitive disadvantage for Mg2+ ions compared to Mg‐evaporite and Mg‐clay minerals due to its slow crystallization rates and the deficiency of micritic calcium carbonate precursors. However, it can nucleate and progressively grow into large crystals (>20 μm) if bacterial methanogenesis could effectively lower porewater pH (<8.5) and induce the dissolution of generated eitelite, northupite or Mg‐clays. These findings suggest that high salinity and/or high alkalinity are not always favourable conditions for dolomite formation and highlight the active role of pH fluctuations in inducing low‐temperature dolomite formation.
Pearl River sediment dispersal over its associated delta–estuary–shelf system during the Holocene
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Deng Bing , Saito Yoshiki , Wang Zhanghua , Yang Xiaoqiang , Wu Jiaxue 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTTo understand the Holocene sedimentary evolution of the Pearl River associated delta–estuary–shelf system, high‐resolution seismic data were acquired from Lingdingyang Bay to the inner shelf. A Pearl‐derived Holocene subaqueous clinoform developed over the pre‐Holocene incised channel/valley network. Overlying the Holocene ravinement surface, progradational highstand and acoustically semi‐transparent or transparent transgressive system tracts are separated by a maximum flooding surface. Restricted and thick in‐channel/in‐valley retrogressive deposits represent an earlier transgressive deposit. Displaying a westward‐oriented along‐shore extent, the highstand sediment accumulated asymmetrically within 30 m water depths, corresponding to a modern hydrodynamic environment. The wedge‐shaped highstand unit thickened landward with a depocentre (>15 m) located in western Lingdingyang Bay, possibly because of higher sediment trap efficiency inside the salinity front. Preliminary analyses suggest that the Pearl River has been trapping sediment to fill its extensive estuarine system for most of the Holocene and its sediment trap efficiency is greater since the sea‐level highstand. Since ca 7.5 ka bp, the total volume of highstand sediment accumulated in the entire delta‐estuary‐shelf dispersal system was approximately 128.36 × 109 m3. The calculated highstand riverine sediment flux was 16.01 to 16.50 Mt/yr. This value is equivalent to approximately one‐fifth of the flux that occurred prior to widespread dam construction and likely related to late‐Holocene intensified anthropogenic influence in South China. Since ca 7.5 ka bp, only ca 35% of the Pearl‐derived sediment has been dispersed to offshore shelf areas from the delta‐estuary system. With the dramatic decrease in river sediment discharge in recent decades, a larger fraction of Pearl‐derived sediment transported to the shelf might have been interrupted and changed.