bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G protein-coupled receptor 17 is regulated by WNT pathway during oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation
Authors: Boccazzi Marta , Macchiarulo Giulia , Lebon Sophie , Janowska Justyna , Charpentier Tifenn Le , Faivre Valérie , Hua Jennifer , Marangon Davide , Lecca Davide , Fumagalli Marta , Mani Shyamala , Abbracchio Maria P , Gressens Pierre , Schang Anne-Laure , Steenwinckel Juliette Van 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) and the WNT pathway are critical players of oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation acting as essential timers in developing brain to achieve fully-myelinating cells. However, whether and how these two systems are related to each under is still unknown. Of interest, both factors are dysregulated in developing and adult brain diseases, including demyelination disorders and cancer, making the understanding of their reciprocal interactions of potential importance for identifying new targets and strategies for myelin repair. Here, we examined regulatory mechanisms linking WNT signalling to GPR17 expression in OLs. We analyzed the relative expressions of mRNAs encoding GPR17 and the T cell factor/Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (TCF/LEF) transcription factors of the canonical WNT/b-CATENIN pathway in both PDGFRa+ and O4+ OLs during mouse post-natal development. In O4+ cells, Gpr17mRNA level peaked at post-natal day 14 and then decreased concomitantly to the physiological uprise of WNT tone, as shown by increasedLef1 mRNA level. The link between WNT signaling and GPR17 expression was further reinforced in vitro in primary PDGFRa+ cells and in the Oli-neu cell line. High WNT tone impaired OL differentiation and drastically reduced GPR17 mRNA and protein levels. In Oli-neu cells, we demonstrated that WNT/b-CATENIN activation represses Gpr17 promoter activity through both putative WNT response elements (WRE) and upregulation of the inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 2 (Id2). We conclude that WNT pathway influences oligodendrocyte maturation by repressing GPR17 which could have implications in pathologies characterized by dysregulations of the oligodendroglial lineage including multiple sclerosis and oligodendroglioma.
Magnitude and predictors of pre-referral treatment by Community Health Workers practicing in Rural South Western Uganda: A cross sectional study
Authors: Matte Michael , Ntaro Moses , Kenney Jessica , Wesuta Andrew Christopher , Kawungezi Peter Chris , Bwambale Shem , Ayebare David , Baguma Stephen , Bagenda Fred , Stone Geren , Mulogo Edgar Mugema 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Pre-referral treatment is critical for management of childhood illnesses. Under iCCM strategy, community health workers (CHWs) give pre-referral treatment to children under five years of age with danger signs. The study examined the magnitude and predictors of pre-referral treatment in a rural setting.
Methods
A retrospective study premised on secondary data reviewed was conducted in 2022. The data reviewed was based on CHWs records March 2014 to December 2018. A total of 1,086 child records that were referred by the CHWs were included in the anlysis.
Results
The mean age of children reviewed was 24.5 months (SD ± 17). Of these, one hundred twenty five (12%) received pre-referral treatment. Children presenting with RDT positive results (aOR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.6-5.0), diarrhea (aOR = 3.8, 95%CI: 2.0-7.1), fast breathing (aOR = 2.3, 95%CI: 1.3-4.0) and danger signs (aOR = 5.6, 95%CI: 3.1–10.1) were more likely to receive pre-referral treatment.
Conclusion
The proportion of children that received pre-referral treatment among those who were referred was low. Receipt of pre-referral treatment was associated with having a sign danger sign, a positive RDT result, diarrhea and pneumonia.
Meta-Analysis of Antifungal Resistance Pattern in Aspergillus Species
Authors: Mianrood Ibrahim Bahrami , Ahmadian Maryam , Farjami Mohammad , Gharabagh Farid Javandoust , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Darazam Ilad Alavi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: Aspergillus infection has several manifestations from non-invasive aspergillosis to invasive pulmonary and cerebral aspergillosis. Prophylaxis and treatment regimens for aspergillosis are limited to triazoles, echinocandins, and polyenes, each with different efficacy, complications, and resistance patterns. Drug selection presents challenges, including differences in resistance rates, drug interactions, and concerns about side effects with long-term use. Aspergillus resistance to antifungal agents is an international concern and shows an increasing trend. Each region worldwide has a resistance pattern affecting prevention and treatment regimens. Therefore, we examined the susceptibility rates of Aspergillus species to different antifungal drugs and their gene mutation rates in Iran.
Methods: This meta-analysis started with a systematic search that was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), yielding 1631 articles, of which 29 articles were included. Resistance rates were extracted, and a meta-analysis was done on 18 species-drug pairs.
Results: Pooled resistance rate of Aspergillus fumigatus was 1.39% to amphotericin B, 17.77% to itraconazole, 2.63% to posaconazole, and 9.17% to voriconazole. For Aspergillus flavus it was 2.43% to amphotericin B, 7.64% to caspofungin, 3.60% to itraconazole, 1.48% to posaconazole, and 1.443% to voriconazole.
Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that amphotericin B has superior effects on aspergillosis caused by A. fumigatus isolated from patients with unknown minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The next most effective drugs are posaconazole and voriconazole, respectively. For the same problem in A.flavus, our analysis suggests voriconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B, respectively. This study also points to increased azole resistance, which should be of concern in clinical practice.
How did the Policies of Explosive Transportation on Roads Comply with the Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) in Türkiye? A DEMATEL Method Evaluation of ADR Practicability
Authors: ÖZGÜNER Zeynep , SEYHAN Ercan , KESER Ahmet 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The study’s main objective is to determine the critical factors in the transportation of explosives. In this study, the “Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)” method is applied as one of the multi-criteria decision-making techniques. A direct relationship matrix is created based on the knowledge of 9 experts. The answers provided by these experts were used in determining important criteria in explosives transportation. The main influencing factor is determined as the recognition/awareness of the Procedures and Policies, especially by the shipping country. The second influencing factor is determined as the supply of adequate and appropriate equipment and tools. When the applicability of explosive transport is examined according to the weights of the factors affected by the process, it is seen that the most affected factor is optimum efficiency. Therefore, ensuring optimum process efficiency is of high importance to protecting public health, human life, and the environment.
A First Genome Survey and Microsatellite Motif Identification of Taihangia rupestris
Authors: Song Lin-lin , Chen Hong-zhi , Zhou Bao-ying , Meng Li 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background:Taihangia rupestris is a perennial herb on the China species red list that is growing on the cliffs of Taihang Mountain in China. However research on the genome of T. rupestris has not been carried out, which severely restricts further research on it. The aim of this study was to conduct a first genome survey of T. rupestris and to develop SSR molecular markers of it.
Methods: The genome size and characteristics of T. rupestris were estimated by Illumina Hi-SeqXTen and K-mer analysis. We designed SSR primers in batches with Misa and Primer3, and T. rupestris from different populations were used to verify the selected primers. Finally, datas were analysised by Cervus 3.0 and GenAlex 6.5 for genetic diversity.
Results: The genome size of T. rupestris was estimated to be 976.97 Mb with a heterozygosity rate of 0.726% and a sequence repetition rate of 56.93%. The clean reads were assembled into 100973 contigs with the max length of 26073 bp and an N50 value of 2607 bp. Based on the genome data of T. rupestris, a total of 805600 SSR markers were identified and 72769 pairs of primers were designed. In the present study, 100 primers were used to verify that 82 primers were successfully amplified.
Conclusion: In general, the genome of T. rupestris is difficult to assemble genome with micro-heterozygosity and high repetition. In this study, 15 pairs of primers with good polymorphism can effectively distinguish different populations of T. rupestris. These analyses laid a foundation for the subsequent whole genome sequencing of T. rupestris.
Prevalence of Dementia in a Level 4 Epilepsy Center: How Big Is the Problem?
Authors: Helmstaedter Christoph , Lutz Teresa , Wolf Vinzent , Witt Juri-Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: To evaluate how prominent the currently hot issue of “epilepsy and dementia” is in the daily practice of a large level 4 epilepsy university clinic.
Methods: In this retrospective monocentric cohort study, a total of 145,501 letters of all 40,360 adult patients seen between 2003 and 2021 were screened for dementia related terms. Files with at least on hit were extracted and analyzed in regard to diagnoses, age, age at epilepsy onset, and the question of whether epilepsy preceded or followed the diagnosis of dementia.
Results: This resulted in 513 patients who had at least one hit. Of those, 12.7% respectively 6.6% definitively had or were suspected to have dementia, 4.9% had Mild Cognitive Impairment, and 6.6% other neurodegenerative conditions. Referring to all patients, a diagnosed or suspected dementia prevalence of 0.25% is indicated. An older age (>age 60), late-onset epilepsy (>age 60), but not a longer duration of epilepsy increased the odds by 6.1 and 3.1. Additionally, vascular, metabolic, inflammatory, and behavioral mood related comorbidities were common. Epilepsy preceded rather than followed the dementia diagnosis.
Conclusions: Considering an eventual selection bias and under-diagnosis because not all patients were explicitly screened for dementia, the results put the dementia issue from an epileptologist’s point of view into perspective. The prevalence of dementia in epilepsy is low. However, physicians should be aware that the risk for dementia is increased in the elderly, in late onset epilepsies, and with comorbid risk factors, and that seizures can be the early sign of a neurodegenerative disease. Future research needs to screen for dementia in epilepsy more explicitly while stratifying the patients according to the underlying pathologies and comorbidities.
Extracellular Matrix Composition Alters Endothelial Force Transmission
Authors: SubramanianBalachandar V.A. , Steward R. L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
ECM composition is important in a host of pathophysiological processes such as angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, for example and during each of these processes ECM composition has been reported to change over time. However, the impact ECM composition has on the endothelium’s ability to respond mechanically is currently unknown. Therefore, in this study we seeded human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) onto soft hydrogels coated with an ECM concentration of 0.1 mg/mL at the following collagen I (Col-I) and fibronectin (FN) ratios: 100%Col-I, 75%Col-I-25%FN, 50%Col-I-50%FN, 25%Col-I-75%FN, and 100%FN. We subsequently measured tractions, intercellular stresses, strain energy, cell morphology, and cell velocity. Our results revealed huvecs seeded on gels coated with 50% Col-I - 50% FN to have the highest intercellular stresses, tractions, strain energies, but the lowest velocities and cell circularity. Huvecs seeded on 100% Col-I had the lowest tractions, cell area while havingthe highest velocities and cell circularity. In addition, cells cultured on 25% Col-I and 75% FN had the lowest intercellular stresses, but the highest cell area. Huvecs cultured on 100% FN yielded the lowest strain energies. We believe these results will be of great importance to the cardiovascular field, biomedical field, and cell mechanics.
Summary: Study the influence of different Col-I - FN ECM compositions on endothelial cell mechanics and morphology
Iranian nurses’ attitudes towards the disclosure of patient safety incidents: a qualitative study
Authors: Irani Parichehr Sabbaghzadeh , Dehghan Mehlagha , Mehdipour Roghaieh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Patient safety is the first vital step in improving quality in all health organizations. Statistics suggest that patients and officials are unaware of a large number of patient safety incidents in healthcare centers. A correct attitude towards the disclosure of patient safety incidents is effective in reporting them in hospitals. Reporting errors is fundamental to error prevention. The present study aimed to explain the concept of disclosure of patient safety incidents from the perspectives of Iranian nurses.
Materials:This qualitative content analysis study was done in 2021-2022 in Hormozgan, Iran. The aim was to explain the experiences of Iranian nurses (n = 17) using purposive sampling and semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Maximum variation sampling was considered to obtain rich information. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to increase the study trustworthiness and rigor.Graneheim and Lundman method were used to analyze data.
Results: We extracted 443 codes, one theme, four categories, nine Subcategories. The main theme was the mental schemas of disclosure of patient safety incidents with four categories: 1- misconception of harm to the organization or a person, 2- opinions about the disclosure process and outcome, 3- opinions about behaviors, and 4- inner conflict between feelings.
Conclusion: Since an attitude towards the disclosure of patient safety incidents determines the behavior of disclosure, health officials should create a positive attitude towards disclosure in nurses and take an effective step to prevent incidents. This will improve patient safety and satisfaction, and hospital quality.
Machine Learning-based Prediction of Treatment Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 and Comorbidities: A South African Cohort Study
Authors: Daramola Olawande , Kavu Tatenda Duncan , Kotze Maritha J , Von Metzinger Jeanine , Sarumi Oluwafemi A. , Kabaso Boniface , Moser Thomas , Stroetmann Karl , Fwemba Isaac , Daramola Fisayo , Nyirenda Martha , Rensburg Susan J , Nyasulu Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, various clinical intervention methods and AI methods have been employed in the detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of COVID-19 cases. However, limited instances of applying AI to the prognosis of COVID-19 cases in Africa have been reported in the literature. Thus, case studies on the application of machine learning to guide for decision-making on the treatment of COVID-19 cases in Africa are essential.
Methods: We applied three machine learning (ML) algorithms: Deep Multi-layer Perceptron (Deep MLP), Extreme Boosted Trees (XGBoost) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) for predicting the outcome of intensive care patients of COVID-19 with comorbidities in a South African hospital. We compared the performance and interpretability of the three ML models when cross-validation (CV) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied for the prognosis of COVID-19 mortality risk.
Results: We found that Deep MLP had the best overall performance when CV and SMOTE were applied without PCA (F1=0.92; AUC = 0.94), followed by SVM (F1=0.83; AUC=0.82). We found that the performance of both SVM and MLP can be enhanced through CV without PCA. XGBoost (F1= 0.81; AUC = 0.79) performed best when none of CV, PCA or SMOTE was applied. XGBoost is not affected by CV and performs worse with PCA. From the model predictions, we identified Length of stay in the hospital, Duration in ICU, Time to ICU from Admission, Days discharged or death, D-dimer (blood clotting factor), and blood pH as the six most critical variables for the prediction of mortality or survival of the COVID-19 patients. We also found other variables: Age at admission, Pf Ratio (PaO2/FiO2 ratio), TropT, Ferritin, ventilation, CRP, and Symptom of Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with the severity and fatality of COVID-19 cases.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates how ML can be applied to identify variables that have prognostic value in the treatment and management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. The findings also reveal the effect of CV and PCA when predicting clinical outcomes of COVID-19 cases
Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to Guide Implementation of Cardio-Oncology Services
Authors: Clouser Jessica Miller , McMullen Colleen A , Adu Akosua K , Wells Gretchen , Arbune Amit , Li Jing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background:
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the top two causes of death in Kentucky and the United States. Cardio-oncology is a rising field focused on diagnosing and preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in cancer patients. Interdisciplinary cardio-oncology services address the spectrum of prevention, detection, monitoring, and treatment of cancer patients at risk of cardio-toxicity and aim to improve the continuum of cardiac care for oncology patients.
Objectives:
The goal of this study was to engage clinician and administrative stakeholders at an academic medical center to assess multilevel needs, barriers, and expectations regarding cardio oncology services.
Methods:
We interviewed clinicians and administrators at an academic medical center using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to understand multilevel determinants influencing cardio-oncology service implementation. We also conducted a web-based survey to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of cardio-oncology services held by local and regional clinicians who may refer cardio-oncology patients to the study site.
Results:
Multiple facilitators to cardio-oncology service implementation emerged. Interview participants believed cardio-oncology services could benefit patients and the organization by providing a competitive advantage. A majority (74%) of clinicians surveyed thought a cardio-oncology service would significantly improve cancer patients’ prognoses. Implementation barriers frequently discussed included costs and a siloed organizational structure that complicated cross-service collaboration. In the clinician survey, we found differences in the views toward cardio-oncology services held by cardiology versus oncology providers that would need to be negotiated in future cardio-oncology service development. For example, while most providers accepted similar risk of cardio-toxicity when consenting patients for cancer therapy in a curative setting (68.8% accepted 1–5% risk; 15.6% accepted < 1% risk), cardiologists accepted significantly higher levels of risk than oncologists in an incurable setting: 75% of oncologists accepted 1–5% risk; 77% of cardiologists accepted ≥ 5% risk).
Conclusions:
Participants from administrative and clinical, cardiology and oncology backgrounds supported implementation and development of cardio-oncology services. Nonetheless, respondents also noted multi-level barriers that could be addressed to maximize the potential for success. Engaging administrators and clinicians from cardiology and oncology disciplines in the future development of such services can help ensure maximal relevance and uptake.
Referred molecular testing as a barrier to optimal treatment decision making in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: experience at a tertiary academic institution in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Grafham Grace K , Craddock Kenneth J , Huang Weei-Yuarn , Louie Alexander V , Zhang Liying , Hwang David M , Parmar Ambica 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Molecular testing is critical to guiding treatment decisions in vulnerable patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), with testing delays associated with prolonged treatment times and higher mortality. Here, we evaluated the time from initial mNSCLC diagnosis to treatment decision (TTD) following implementation of in-house EGFR, ALK, and PD-L1 testing at our institution.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 165 patients (send-out testing, n=92; in-house testing, n=73) with newly diagnosed stage IV NSCLC treated at our institution. Data were compared during the send-out (March 2017-May 2019) and in-house (July 2019-March 2021) testing periods. We performed a detailed workflow analysis to provide insight on the pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic intervals that constituted the total TTD.
Results: TTD was significantly shorter with in-house testing (10 days vs.18 days, p<0.0001), driven largely by decreased internal handling/specimen transit times (2 days vs. 3 days, p<0.0001) and laboratory turnaround times (TAT, 3 days vs. 8 days, p<0.0001), with 96% of in-house cases meeting the international guideline of a ≤10-day intra-laboratory TAT (vs.74% send-out, p<0.001). Eighty-eight percent of patients with in-house testing had results available at their first oncology consultation (vs. 52% send-out, p<0.0001), and all patients with in-house testing had results available at the time of treatment decision (vs. 86% send-out, p=0.57).
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the advantages of in-house biomarker testing for mNSCLC at high-volume oncology centres. Incorporation of in-house testing may reduce barriers to offering personalized medicine by improving the time to optimal systemic therapy decision.
Nursing students’ learning strategies for e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Cheraghbeigi Nesa , Molavynejad Shahram , Rokhafroz Dariosh , Elahi Nasrin , Rezaei Eisa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: In response to the emergency brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic, many universities around the world had to change their teaching methods from in-person classes to e-learning. The purpose of this study was to identify the learning strategies of nursing students in e-learning during the pandemic.
Methods: This study had a qualitative design and used content analysis approach to collect and analyze the data. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Iranian undergraduate nursing students who were selected using purposive sampling method.
Results: The results of the study showed that nursing students generally used two different strategies for e-learning, namely self-centered learning strategies and collaborative learning strategies. Some students, on the other hand, adopted a passive approach in their learning.
Conclusion: In e-learning during the pandemic, students adopted different learning strategies. Therefore, designing teaching strategies tailored to the students’ strategies can promote their learning and academic achievement. Also, knowledge of these strategies helps policy makers and nursing educators to take necessary measures in order to optimize and facilitate student learning in an e-learning environment.