bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact solutions and bounds for network SIR and SEIR models using a rooted-tree approximation
Authors: Hall Cameron Luke , Siebert Bram Alexander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a new node-based approximate model to describe contagion dynamics on networks. We prove that our approximate model is exact for Markovian SIR (susceptible-infectious-recovered) and SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) dynamics on tree graphs with a single source of infection, and that the model otherwise gives upper bounds on the probabilities of each node being susceptible. Our analysis of SEIR contagion dynamics is general to SEIR models with arbitrarily many classes of exposed/latent state. In all cases of a tree graph with a single source of infection, our approach yields a system of linear differential equations that exactly describes the evolution of node-state probabilities; we use this to state explicit closed-form solutions for an SIR model on a tree. For more general networks, our approach yields a cooperative system of differential equations that can be used to bound the true solution.
Facilitators and barriers to adhere to monitoring disease activity with ePROs: a focus group study in patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Seppen Bart F. , Wiegel Jimmy , Nurmohamed Michael T. , Bos Wouter H. , ter Wee Marieke M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTelemonitoring disease activity with electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) may reduce the workload of rheumatic care by decreasing outpatient clinic visits. However, low adherence to reporting ePROs is frequently observed. Our objective was to identify facilitators and barriers to weekly monitoring of disease activity with ePROs. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who recently participated in one of the two telemonitoring studies with ePROs completed in a smartphone app, were invited to participate in focus group discussions (FGD). Thematic analysis was used to identify themes that play a role in the decision to continue or stop reporting weekly ePROs. A total of 22 patients participated in three FGDs. Five themes were identified that were of importance to adhere to telemonitoring: (1) questionnaire frequency, (2) discussing results of completed ePROs, (3) physical consultations, (4) patient insight into disease activity and (5) user experience of the app. All themes contained both barrier and facilitator elements. The results suggest that to improve adherence to telemonitoring of disease activity with ePROs, the perceived benefits of completing ePROs should be maximized. This can be done by providing patients the ability to skip (unneeded) physical consultations in case of low disease activity, and training clinicians to always discuss the completed ePROs. In addition, it is essential to reduce the effort to report ePROs, by tailoring the frequency of ePROs based on the patients’ disease activity or preference, aiming for optimal app functionality as well as by sending notifications when new ePROs are available.
Parametric model order reduction by machine learning for fluid–structure interaction analysis
Authors: Lee SiHun , Jang Kijoo , Lee Sangmin , Cho Haeseong , Shin SangJoon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn improved nonintrusive parametric model order reduction (pMOR) approach is proposed for the flow field interpolation regarding fluid–structure interaction (FSI) objects. Flow field computation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) requires excessive computational time and memory. Nonintrusive and data-driven MOR schemes have been proposed to overcome such limitations. The present methodology is implemented by both proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and a modified Nouveau variational autoencoder (mNVAE). POD attempts to reduce the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) on the precomputed series of the full-order model parametric result. The reduced DOF yields parametrically independent reduced bases and dependent coefficients. Then, mNVAE is employed for the interpolation of POD coefficients, which will be combined with POD modes for parametrically interpolated flow field generation. The present approach is assessed on the benchmark problem of a two-dimensional plunging airfoil and the highly nonlinear FSI phenomenon of the limit cycle oscillation. The comparison was executed against other POD-based generative neural network approaches. The proposed methodology demonstrates applicability on highly nonlinear FSI objects with improved accuracy and efficiency.
Orbital floor fractures—a comparison between CT images and findings at surgery
Authors: Folkestad Lena , Jönsson Lars , Karlsson Therese 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to investigate how well CT images correlate to surgical findings in orbital floor fractures and to the presence of diplopia.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 27 consecutive patients already selected for surgery due to an orbital floor fracture underwent a routine CT scan (axial, coronal, sagittal). An ophthalmologist established any presence of diplopia. Extent of fracture/injury seen on CT was compared to that discovered during surgery.

Results
In the surgeons´ opinions CT-images were in concordance with surgical findings in 71% of the cases. Agreement for pure blow out fractures was high (92%). Tetrapod fractures as a cause of an orbital floor fracture was only identified as such by surgeons in three of 11 cases, all subjected to orbital exploration, not only a closed reduction. Diplopia showed a significant correlation to rounding of the inferior rectus muscle at coronal CT. “Rounding” significantly correlated with the presence of a floor defect, to herniation of soft tissues and to the volume of displaced tissue.

Conclusions
The results imply that the joint professional interaction between neuroradiology and surgery is important and would benefit from the use of an easy and well-defined classification system of orbital floor fractures. In Sweden a national record to collect data on all zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures assessed is to be started aiming at making general statements possible by time.
Rhizophagus irregularis improves Hg tolerance of Medicago truncatula by upregulating the Zn transporter genes ZIP2 and ZIP6
Authors: Guo Yaqin , Sommer Nadine , Martin Konrad , Rasche Frank 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMercury (Hg) pollution of soils is a critical environmental problem. To rehabilitate Hg contaminated soils, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi-based phytoremediation may be supportive, yet the functional potential of AM fungi in response to Hg exposure is unclear. In a greenhouse experiment, we assessed the response of Medicago truncatula (Hg tolerance index (TI), Hg partitioning) to different Hg concentrations [0 (Hg0), 25 (Hg25), 50 (Hg50) µg g−1] in treatments with (AM) and without (NM) inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis. Additionally, zinc (Zn) uptake and the expression of two Zn transporter genes (ZIP2, ZIP6) were examined because Zn is an essential element for plants and shares the same outer electronic configuration as Hg, implying potential competition for the same transporters. The results showed that AM plants had a higher TI than NM plants. Plant roots were identified as dominant Hg reservoirs. AM inoculation reduced the root Hg concentration under Hg50 compared to the NM treatment. There was an interaction between Hg treatment and AM inoculation on Hg stem concentration, i.e., at Hg25, AM inoculation decreased the Hg translocation from roots to stems, while Hg translocation was increased at Hg50 compared to the NM treatment. Zn acquisition was improved by R. irregularis. The negative relationship between Hg and Zn concentrations in the roots of AM and NM plants implied potential competition for the same transporters, although the expression of Zn transporters was upregulated by AM inoculation at all Hg levels. In conclusion, this baseline study demonstrated that R. irregularis may play an important role in Hg tolerance of M. truncatula, suggesting its potential for Hg-contaminated phytoremediation.
Small Area Estimation of Age-Specific and Total Fertility Rates in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Unnati Rani , Das SumonKanti , Baffour Bernard , Chandra Hukum 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBangladesh has experienced a rapid national decline in fertility in recent decades, however, fertility rates vary considerably at the sub-national level (i.e., division). These variations are expected to be more pronounced at lower levels of geography (e.g., district level). However, routinely conducted demographic health surveys are designed for national estimates and do not have adequate samples to produce reliable estimate of fertility rates at lower levels of administrative units, particular when considering district level age-specific fertility rates. Data extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2014 are used to derive direct estimates of age-specific fertility rates and associated smoothed standard errors. These are used as inputs for developing a small area model, which is expressed in a hierarchical Bayesian framework and fitted by Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. The model accounts for variation at different levels—women age-group, division, and district. The modeling results show large reductions in the estimated standards errors and provide consistent estimates of fertility at the detailed district age-specific level. There are significant differences in the fertility levels within and between districts and at the division level. Fertility rates are observed to be higher for Sylhet division and for women aged 20–24 years. We use geo-spatial maps of the fertility rates to visualize the variations over districts, and identify hot and cold-spots to have better targeted local level planning and policy decision making for further reductions in fertility rates in Bangladesh.
A big data smart agricultural system: recommending optimum fertilisers for crops
Authors: Ngo Vuong M. , Duong Thuy-Van T. , Nguyen Tat-Bao-Thien , Dang Cach N. , Conlan Owen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNutrients are important to promote plant growth and nutrient deficiency is the primary factor limiting crop production. However, excess fertilisers can also have a negative impact on crop quality and yield, cause an increase in pollution and decrease producer profit. Hence, determining the suitable quantities of fertiliser for every crop is very useful. Currently, the agricultural systems with internet of things make very large data volumes. Exploiting agricultural Big Data will help to extract valuable information. However, designing and implementing a large scale agricultural data warehouse are very challenging. The data warehouse is a key module to build a smart crop system to make proficient agronomy recommendations. In our paper, an electronic agricultural record (EAR) is proposed to integrate many separate datasets into a unified dataset. Then, to store and manage the agricultural Big Data, we built an agricultural data warehouse based on Hive and Elasticsearch. Finally, we applied some statistical methods based on our data warehouse to extract fertiliser information such as a case study. These statistical methods propose the recommended quantities of fertiliser components across a wide range of environmental and crop management conditions, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for the top ten most popular crops in EU.
Thoughts and exploration of spatial planning system in the new era
Authors: Wang Kai , Hu Jingjing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpatial planning is a core requirement and a major initiative in the construction of ecological civilization in China, and the related work is in a process of gradual improvement and perfection. Based on the need of natural environment, urbanization and human well-being, this paper discusses the contents and technical directions of the current spatial planning in China from the national, regional and habitat levels, in the hope that it will be benefit current planning practice and provide references for further refinement of spatial planning system and technical routes in China.
Anti-Terrorism Criminal Law: Where Emergency Regime Meets the Investigative Agenda
Authors: Shahav Sigal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article aims to show how reform of the law on terrorism not only has the power to create new criminal procedures, it can also create a distinct, parallel field operating alongside general criminal law. This parallel configuration presents certain unique features and processes which merit their own typology – namely, anti-terrorism criminal law (ATCL). First, the article discusses how states have responded to terrorism through reform of four key arenas: military law, immigration law, administrative law and criminal law. Comparison is then drawn between the United States and Israel in their respective approaches, showing that Israel has executed far more sweeping and significant reforms over the last four decades, mainly in criminal procedure. Examples are given to illustrate how Israel's evolving anti-terrorism legislation – and specifically, the new Counter-Terrorism Law of 2016 – changed the criminal procedural landscape to such a degree that it constituted the new field of ATCL. I contend that this move was anti-liberal in its definition and targeting of terror suspects, and in its pursuit of emergency aims and intelligence gathering rather than liberal criminal law objectives. Further, I show that liberal theory struggles to explain the integrated change model that Israel has implemented in its counter-terrorism reforms, and that the theoretical framings of Carl Schmitt and Michel Foucault may explain it more effectively.
Does Barth's understanding of sexual difference conflict with his theological anthropology?
Authors: Wyatt Jess 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFaye Bodley-Dangelo argues that in his passive depiction of Eve in the Church Dogmatics Karl Barth truncates the agency of all women, thereby creating conflict between his theology of sexual difference and his theological anthropology, and denying women image-bearing humanity. This article challenges Bodley-Dangelo's characterisation of ideal agency as active self-assertion and self-determination, arguing that for Barth the ideal agent – for which the paradigm is Christ – is one who self-dispossesses in response to the determining claim of the peculiar other.
A survey of current practices in sedation, analgesia, withdrawal, and delirium management in paediatric cardiac ICUs
Authors: Valentine Kevin , Cisco Michael J. , Lasa Javier J. , Achuff Barbara-Jo , Kudchadkar Sapna R. , Staveski Sandra L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective:To characterise the current approach to sedation, analgesia, iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and delirium in paediatric cardiac ICUs.Design:A convenience sample survey of practitioners at institutions participating in the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium conducted from September to December 2020.Setting:Paediatric cardiac ICUs.Measurements and main results:Survey responses were received from 33 of 42 institutions contacted. Screening for pain and agitation occurs commonly and frequently. A minority of responding centres (39%) have a written analgesia management protocol/guideline. A minority (42%) of centres have a written protocol for sedation. Screening for withdrawal occurs commonly, although triggers for withdrawal screening vary. Only 42% of respondents have written protocols for withdrawal management. Screening for delirium occurs “always” in 46% of responding centres, “sometimes” in 36% of centres and “never” 18%. Nine participating centres (27%) have written protocols for delirium management.Conclusions:Our survey identified that most responding paediatric cardiac ICUs lack a standardised approach to the management of analgesia, sedation, iatrogenic withdrawal, and delirium. Screening for pain and agitation occurs regularly, while screening for withdrawal occurs fairly frequently, and screening for delirium is notably less consistent. Only a minority of centres use written protocols or guidelines for the management of these problems. We believe that this represents an opportunity to significantly improve patient care within the paediatric cardiac ICU.
Leakage Management Influence on Water Age of Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Giustolisi Orazio , Ciliberti Francesco G. , Berardi Luigi , Laucelli Daniele Biagio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLeakage management of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is a relevant technical task worldwide. Background leakages along mains and connections to properties in aged infrastructures represent a significant portion of the WDN water outflow, sometimes exceeding customer demands. Pressure control and District Metering Areas (DMAs) design are two classic activities aimed at leakage management. The former reduces the background leakages, and thus the velocities in pipes, especially those along main paths for water transport across the WDN. The latter involves closed valves confining each DMA, which change network connectivity reducing redundancy and eventually pressure, that is, background leakages. Hence, both activities reduce water velocity in pipes because of leakage reduction (i.e., the overall WDN inflow), while DMAs could increase it in some pipes. Therefore, leakage management activities might affect the water age in WDNs, as a general water quality indicator, depending on the initial level of leakages, the WDN connectivity and topology, and the attained reduction. This work studies the effect of leakage management on water age for two real WDNs, which are characterized by different initial levels of leakages and expected reduction, after planning pressure control and DMAs. The advanced hydraulic modeling, employing pressure‐driven leakage modeling at pipe level, is integrated with water age analysis, allowing unlimited number of parcels. The sensitivity of water age to the maximum number of parcels in the model is studied to identify the trade‐off between accuracy and computational runtime. The variation of mean daily water age due to change of demand pattern is analyzed considering a 4‐week operative cycle.
Dynamics of Magma Chamber Replenishment Under Buoyancy and Pressure Forces
Authors: Longo A. , Garg D. , Papale P. , Montagna C. P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractActive magma chambers are periodically replenished upon a combination of buoyancy and pressure forces driving upward motion of initially deep magma. Such periodic replenishments concur to determine the chemical evolution of shallow magmas, they are often associated to volcanic unrests, and they are nearly ubiquitously found to shortly precede a volcanic eruption. Here, we numerically simulate the dynamics of shallow magma chamber replenishment by systematically investigating the roles of buoyancy and pressure forces, from pure buoyancy to pure pressure conditions and across combinations of them. Our numerical results refer to volcanic systems that are not frequently erupting, for which magma at shallow level is isolated from the surface (“closed conduit” volcanoes). The results depict a variety of dynamic evolutions, with the pure buoyant end‐member associated with effective convection and mixing and generation of no or negative overpressure in the shallow chamber, and the pure pressure end‐member translating into effective shallow pressure increase without any dynamics of magma convection associated. Mixed conditions with variable extents of buoyancy and pressure forces illustrate dynamics initially dominated by overpressure, then, over the longer term, by buoyancy forces. Results globally suggest that many shallow magmatic systems may evolve during their lifetime under the control of buoyancy forces, likely triggered by shallow magma degassing. That naturally leads to long‐term stable dynamic conditions characterized by periodic replenishments of shallow partially degassed, heavier magma by volatile‐rich fresh deep magma, similar to those reconstructed from petrology of many shallow‐emplaced magmatic bodies.
Widespread Intensified Pycnocline Turbulence in the Summer Stratified Yellow Sea
Authors: Yang Wei , Wei Hao , Liu Zhiyu , Zhao Liang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPycnocline mixing lies at the heart of seasonally stratified shelf sea systems, regulating vertical exchange of momentum, mass, heat, and biogeochemical constituents. Based on microstructure measurements in the summer of 2013 and 2017, here we report on the widespread occurrence of intensified pycnocline turbulence in the summer stratified Yellow Sea (YS). Large turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates ∼ (10−7 W kg−1) and microscale thermal dissipation rates ∼ (10−6 K2 s−1) are found in the pycnocline below the depth of the strongest stratification at many sampling stations. Shipboard velocity measurements suggest that wind‐induced near‐inertial internal waves induced strong velocity shear; however, the calculated velocity shear peaked exactly at (instead of below) the strongest stratification layer and is generally not strong enough to trigger shear instabilities according to the Richardson number criterion. Example results at two repeated sampling stations clearly showed the presence of a low‐salinity water layer (with a thickness of 5–15 m), at the upper boundary of which salt fingering is expected to occur according to the Turner angle. The observed elevated and tended to occur in the salt‐finger‐favorable layers. Although the distribution of and reveals the relation with Turner angle, we further note the possible complexity in the driving mechanisms with the thermohaline‐shear instability potentially playing a role. Given the widespread nature of the intensified pycnocline turbulence, it is expected that this turbulence has important implications for nutrients cycling and thus the maintenance of primary productivity in the summer stratified YS.
Not All Clear Air Turbulence Is Kolmogorov—The Fine‐Scale Nature of Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Rodriguez Imazio Paola , Mininni Pablo D. , Godoy Alejandro , Rivaben Nicolás , Dörnbrack Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study a strong clear air turbulence (CAT) event experienced by the German High‐Altitude Long‐Range research aircraft (HALO) during the Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics, and Chemistry campaign. HALO encountered CAT leeward of the southern Andes Mountains, where tropospheric airflow favored vertically propagating mountain waves that were refracted southeastward into the core of tropopause jet. Turbulence is quantified using spectral quantities and structure functions computed from in situ 100 Hz flight level data. The detected CAT region exhibits strong patchiness, characterized by separated bursts in turbulent kinetic energy and energy dissipation rate. The high resolution in situ observations reveal different turbulent scaling within each patch, in both spectra and structure functions, and following Monin and Yaglom's conversion law. One patch follows power laws with exponents −1.71 ± 0.06, −1.771 ± 0.006, and −1.56 ± 0.05 for the velocity components w, v, and u, respectively, while another patch has exponents −2.17 ± 0.12, −2.50 ± 0.08, and −1.92 ± 0.09. These patches are mediated by a third patch with less clear scaling. While the patches can deviate from Kolmogorov scaling due to the anisotropy of the airflow, they still display evidence of CAT with enhanced energy dissipation rates.