bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conjugate self-organizing migration (CSOM) and reconciliate multi-agent Markov learning (RMML) based cyborg intelligence mechanism for smart city security
Authors: Shitharth S. , Alshareef Abdulrhman M. , Khadidos Adil O. , Alyoubi Khaled H. , Khadidos Alaa O. , Uddin Mueen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnsuring the privacy and trustworthiness of smart city—Internet of Things (IoT) networks have recently remained the central problem. Cyborg intelligence is one of the most popular and advanced technologies suitable for securing smart city networks against cyber threats. Various machine learning and deep learning-based cyborg intelligence mechanisms have been developed to protect smart city networks by ensuring property, security, and privacy. However, it limits the critical problems of high time complexity, computational cost, difficulty to understand, and reduced level of security. Therefore, the proposed work intends to implement a group of novel methodologies for developing an effective Cyborg intelligence security model to secure smart city systems. Here, the Quantized Identical Data Imputation (QIDI) mechanism is implemented at first for data preprocessing and normalization. Then, the Conjugate Self-Organizing Migration (CSOM) optimization algorithm is deployed to select the most relevant features to train the classifier, which also supports increased detection accuracy. Moreover, the Reconciliate Multi-Agent Markov Learning (RMML) based classification algorithm is used to predict the intrusion with its appropriate classes. The original contribution of this work is to develop a novel Cyborg intelligence framework for protecting smart city networks from modern cyber-threats. In this system, a combination of unique and intelligent mechanisms are implemented to ensure the security of smart city networks. It includes QIDI for data filtering, CSOM for feature optimization and dimensionality reduction, and RMML for categorizing the type of intrusion. By using these methodologies, the overall attack detection performance and efficiency have been greatly increased in the proposed cyborg model. Here, the main reason of using CSOM methodology is to increase the learning speed and prediction performance of the classifier while detecting intrusions from the smart city networks. Moreover, the CSOM provides the optimized set of features for improving the training and testing operations of classifier with high accuracy and efficiency. Among other methodologies, the CSOM has the unique characteristics of increased searching efficiency, high convergence, and fast processing speed. During the evaluation, the different types of cyber-threat datasets are considered for testing and validation, and the results are compared with the recent state-of-the-art model approaches.
Correcting for the heterogeneous boron distribution in a tumor for BNCT dose calculation
Authors: Teng Yi-Chiao , Chen Jiang , Zhong Wan-Bing , Liu Yuan-Hao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost treatment planning systems of boron neutron capture therapy perform dose calculations based on the assumption of a homogeneous boron distribution in tumors, which leads to dose distortion due to the difference between the tumor-to-normal tissue ratio (TNR) range measured in positron emission tomography images (PET) and the target delineation in computed tomography images of the treatment plan. The heterogeneous boron distribution in the target of the treatment plan can be obtained by image fusion. This study provides a way to quantify a heterogeneous boron distribution based on PET images. Theoretically, the same mean TNR for dose calculation by homogeneous or heterogeneous boron distribution should get almost the same mean dose. However, slightly different mean doses are found due to the partial volume effect for a small target volume. The wider the boron distribution is, the higher the impact on the dose-volume histogram distribution is. Dose distribution with homogeneous boron distribution may be overestimated in low boron uptake regions by wrong boron concentration and neutron flux depression. To accurately give the tumor prescription dose and achieve better tumor control, for low dose regions of the tumor should be considered more boron neutron capture therapy treatments or combined with other treatment modalities. The heterogeneous boron distribution must be taken into consideration to have an accurate dose estimation. Therefore, the way how medical physicists and clinicians process the TNR in gross tumor volume should be refined, and the method demonstrated in the work provides a good reference.
Virucidal activity of three standard chemical disinfectants against Ebola virus suspended in tripartite soil and whole blood
Authors: Jonsdottir Hulda R. , Zysset Daniel , Lenz Nicole , Siegrist Denise , Ruedin Yelena , Ryter Sarah , Züst Roland , Geissmann Yannick , Ackermann-Gäumann Rahel , Engler Olivier B. , Weber Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProper disinfection and inactivation of highly pathogenic viruses is an essential component of public health and prevention. Depending on environment, surfaces, and type of contaminant, various methods of disinfection must be both efficient and available. To test both established and novel chemical disinfectants against risk group 4 viruses in our maximum containment facility, we developed a standardized protocol and assessed the chemical inactivation of the two Ebola virus variants Mayinga and Makona suspended in two different biological soil loads. Standard chemical disinfectants ethanol and sodium hypochlorite completely inactivate both Ebola variants after 30 s in suspension at 70% and 0.5% v/v, respectively, concentrations recommended for disinfection by the World Health Organization. Additionally, peracetic acid is also inactivating at 0.2% v/v under the same conditions. Continued vigilance and optimization of current disinfection protocols is extremely important due to the continuous presence of Ebola virus on the African continent and increased zoonotic spillover of novel viral pathogens. Furthermore, to facilitate general pandemic preparedness, the establishment and sharing of standardized protocols is very important as it allows for rapid testing and evaluation of novel pathogens and chemical disinfectants.
HU-based material conversion for BNCT accurate dose estimation
Authors: Teng Yi-Chiao , Chen Jiang , Zhong Wan-Bing , Liu Yuan-Hao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNeuMANTA is a new generation boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)-specific treatment planning system developed by the Neuboron Medical Group and upgraded to an important feature, a Hounsfield unit (HU)-based material conversion algorithm. The range of HU values was refined to 96 specific groups and established corresponding to tissue information. The elemental compositions and mass densities have an important effect on the calculated dose distribution. The region of interest defined in the treatment plan can be converted into multiple material compositions based on HU values or assigned specified single material composition in NeuMANTA. Different material compositions may cause normal tissue maximum dose rates to differ by more than 10% in biologically equivalent doses and to differ by up to 6% in physically absorbed doses. Although the tumor has a lower proportion of BNCT background dose, the material composition difference may affect the minimum dose of biologically equivalent dose and physically absorbed dose by more than 3%. In addition, the difference in material composition could lead to a change in neutron moderation as well as scattering. Therefore, the material composition has a significant impact on the assessment of normal tissue side effects and tumor control probability. It is essential for accurate dose estimation in BNCT.
In-silico identification and prioritization of therapeutic targets of asthma
Authors: Mallick Ishita , Panchal Pradnya , Kadam Smita , Mohite Priyanka , Scheele Jürgen , Seiz Werner , Agarwal Amit , Sharma Om Prakash 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAsthma is a “common chronic disorder that affects the lungs causing variable and recurring symptoms like repeated episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and underlying inflammation. The interaction of these features of asthma determines the clinical manifestations and severity of asthma and the response to treatment" [cited from: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Expert Panel 3 Report. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma 2007 (EPR-3). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7232/ (accessed on January 3, 2023)]. As per the WHO, 262 million people were affected by asthma in 2019 that leads to 455,000 deaths (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma). In this current study, our aim was to evaluate thousands of scientific documents and asthma associated omics datasets to identify the most crucial therapeutic target for experimental validation. We leveraged the proprietary tool Ontosight® Discover to annotate asthma associated genes and proteins. Additionally, we also collected and evaluated asthma related patient datasets through bioinformatics and machine learning based approaches to identify most suitable targets. Identified targets were further evaluated based on the various biological parameters to scrutinize their candidature for the ideal therapeutic target. We identified 7237 molecular targets from published scientific documents, 2932 targets from genomic structured databases and 7690 dysregulated genes from the transcriptomics and 560 targets from genomics mutational analysis. In total, 18,419 targets from all the desperate sources were analyzed and evaluated though our approach to identify most promising targets in asthma. Our study revealed IL-13 as one of the most important targets for asthma with approved drugs on the market currently. TNF, VEGFA and IL-18 were the other top targets identified to be explored for therapeutic benefit in asthma but need further clinical testing. HMOX1, ITGAM, DDX58, SFTPD and ADAM17 were the top novel targets identified for asthma which needs to be validated experimentally.
Minimally invasive procedure for optic disc pit maculopathy: vitrectomy with scleral plug and analysis on pattern of resolution
Authors: Khatri Anadi , Shrestha Saurav Man , Prasai Gunjan , Pandit Kamal , Bajgai Priya , Agrawal Rupesh , Gupta Vishali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOptic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) is a rare complication of optic disc pit which can cause irreversible visual impairment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes and pattern of resolution of ODP-M following vitrectomy with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) induction and scleral tissue plug for treatment of ODP-M without ILM peeling, laser or use of long term gas/tamponade or head positioning. This retrospective study included 7 patients with ODP-M, meeting the inclusion criteria. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Complete anatomical success was defined as “Total resolution of all the fluid in retinal compartments”. All of the patients had complete resolution of the optic pit maculopathy following surgery. The mean duration for complete resolution was 18.3 weeks. Pattern of resolution of ODP-M was found to be resolution of the subretinal fluid (SRF) followed by disappearance of the retinoschitic lesions (RL) and finally disappearance of macular edema (ME). The proposed minimally invasive procedure (MIP) can produce comparably good and equally reliable results for the treatment of ODP-M.
SoyDBean: a database for SNPs reconciliation by multiple versions of soybean reference genomes
Authors: Lee Yejin , Woo Dong U , Kang Yang Jae 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the development of sequence technology and decreased cost, many whole genome sequences have been obtained. As a result, extensive genetic variations have been discovered from many populations and germplasms to understand the genetic diversity of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). However, assessing the quality of variation is essential because the published variants were collected using different bioinformatic methods and parameters. Furthermore, despite the enhanced genome contiguity and more efficient filling of “N” stretches in the new reference genome, there remains a dearth of endeavors to verify the caliber of variations present in it. The primary goal of this research was to discern a dependable set of SNPs that can withstand reconciliation across multiple reference genomes. Additionally, the investigation aimed to reconfirm the variations through the utilization of numerous whole genome sequencing data obtained from publicly available databases. Based on the result, we created datasets that comprised the thoroughly verified SNP coordinates between the reference assemblies. The resulting “SoyDBean” database is now publicly accessible through the following URL: http://soydbean.plantprofile.net/.
Abnormal neonatal brain microstructure in gestational diabetes mellitus revealed by MRI texture analysis
Authors: Feng Zhi , Zheng Yurong , Wang Ping , Xue Liang , Yu Mingling , Deng Zhitao , Lei Xiaoping , Chen Guangxiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate the value of MRI texture analysis in evaluating the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on neonatal brain microstructure development, we retrospectively collected images of neonates undergoing head MRI scans, including a GDM group (N1 = 37) and a healthy control group (N2 = 34). MaZda texture analysis software was used to extract the texture features from different sequence images and perform dimensionality reduction, and then the texture features selected by the lowest misjudgement rate method were imported into SPSS software for statistical analysis. In our study, we found that GDM affects the development of the microstructure of the neonatal brain, and different combinations of texture features have different recognition performances, such as different sequences and different brain regions. As a consequence, texture analysis combining multiple conventional MRI sequences has a high recognition performance in revealing the abnormal development of the brain microstructure of neonates born of mothers with GDM.
Quantized valley Hall response from local bulk density variations
Authors: Jamotte Maxime , Peralta Gavensky Lucila , Morais Smith Cristiane , Di Liberto Marco , Goldman Nathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe application of a mechanical strain to a 2D material can create pseudo-magnetic fields and lead to a quantized valley Hall effect. However, measuring valley-resolved effects remains a challenging task due to their inherent fragility and dependence on the sample’s proper design. Additionally, non-local transport probes based on multiterminal devices have often proven to be inadequate in yielding conclusive evidence of the valley Hall signal. Here, we introduce an alternative way of detecting the quantized valley Hall effect, which entirely relies on local density measurements, performed deep in the bulk of the sample. The resulting quantized signal is a genuine Fermi sea response, independent of the edge physics, and reflects the underlying valley Hall effect through the Widom-Středa formula. Specifically, our approach is based on measuring the variation of the particle density, locally in the bulk, upon varying the strength of the applied strain. This approach to the quantized valley Hall effect is particularly well suited for experiments based on synthetic lattices, where the particle density (or integrated density of states) can be spatially resolved.
Morphological evidence for nanoflares heating warm loops in the solar corona
Authors: Bi Yi , Yang Jia-Yan , Qin Ying , Qiang Zheng-Ping , Hong Jun-Chao , Yang Bo , Xu Zhe , Liu Hui , Ji Kai-Fan 
Published: September 2023

Context.Nanoflares are impulsive energy releases that occur due to magnetic reconnection in the braided coronal magnetic field, which is a potential mechanism for heating the corona. However, there are still sporadic observations of the interchange of braiding structure segments and footpoints inside coronal loops, which is predicted to be the morphological evolution of the reconnecting magnetic bundles in the nanoflare picture.Aims.This work aims to detect the evolutions of the pairs of braiding strands within the apparent single coronal loops observed in Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) images.Methods.The loop strands were detected on two kinds of upsampled AIA 193 Å images, which were obtained by upscaling the point spread function matched AIA images via bicubic interpolation and were generated using a super-resolution convolutional neural network. The architecture of the network is designed to map the AIA images to unprecedentedly high spatial resolution coronal images taken by the High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) during its brief flight.Results.At times, pairs of separate strands that appear braided together later evolved into pairs of almost parallel strands with completely exchanged parts. These evolutions offer morphological evidence that magnetic reconnections between the braiding strands have taken place, which is further supported by the appearance of transient hot emissions containing significant high-temperature components (T > 5 MK) at the footpoints of the braiding structures.Conlusions.The brief appearances of the two rearranging strands support the idea that magnetic reconnections have occurred within what appears to be a single AIA loop.
Iron Kα echoes from the circumnuclear disk orbiting Sɡr A⋆
Authors: Stel Giovanni , Ponti Gabriele , Haardt Francesco 
Published: September 2023

Context. Molecular clouds in the Galactic center (GC) reprocess radiation from past outbursts of nearby high-energy sources, generating a bright Fe Kα fluorescence at 6.4 keV. The closest clouds to the GC are only ≃1.5 pc from Sgr A⋆, forming a torus-like structure known as the circumnuclear disk (CND). The study of fluorescence emission can lead to a characterization of the illuminating source(s), the reflecting clouds, and the global geometry of such a system lying in the GC.
Aims. The primary purpose of our study is to analyze possible fluorescence signals arising in the CND. This signal would allow us to constrain the CND’s physical properties and the source-reflector system’s geometry.
Methods. By exploiting the last ≃20 yr of XMM-Newton observations of the GC, we studied the variability of the Fe Kα line in the region around Sgr A⋆. We identified regions with a flux excess and computed the spectrum therein. We then derived the hydrogen column density of the CND after relating the intensity of the 6.4 keV line to the total energy emitted by known transient sources in the region.
Results. Starting from data collected in 2019, we find significant line excesses in a region compatible with the eastern portion of the CND. The echo radiation can be linked to the 2013 outburst of the magnetar SGR J1745-2900. We derive a mean effective hydrogen column density of the CND in the eastern region of ≃1023 cm−2.
Conclusions. The scenario depicted is physically plausible, given the luminosity, the position of the illuminating source, and the expected density of the CND. Further observations could link the variability of the echo signal to the light curve of the illuminating source. In this way, it would be possible to characterize the cloud response to the radiation front, achieving a more accurate estimate of the cloud parameters.
Stellar model calibrations with the Ai Phe binary system
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S. 
Published: September 2023

Aims. Relying on recently available and very precise observational data for the Ai Phe binary system, we explore the robustness of the calibration of stellar models achievable with this system.
Methods. We adopt the SCEPtER pipeline with a fitting grid of stellar models computed for different initial chemical compositions and convective core overshooting efficiencies. We investigated the impact of different assumptions about the surface efficiency of microscopic diffusion, whose efficiency is still debated in the mass range of the system. We obtained the fit of this system adopting two alternative scenarios. In the reference scenario, we allowed modification of the surface metallicity due to microscopic diffusion, while in the alternative scenario we assumed that competing mixing from other sources cancels out this effect.
Results. Due to the fact that the primary star has already experienced the first dredge-up while the secondary has not, the tested scenarios show interesting differences. While the estimated age is quite robust, changing from 4.70−0.14+0.13 Gyr to 4.62−0.06+0.13 Gyr, the calibration of the convective core overshooting parameter β reveals noticeable differences. The reference scenario suggests a wide multi-modal range of possible values of β, peaking around 0.10; on the contrary the alternative scenario computations point towards a sharp and lower β, peaking around 0.04.
Conclusions. The impossibility to obtain an unambiguous fit confirms the difficulty in achieving a sensible calibration of the free parameters of stellar models using binary systems, even when very accurate masses and radii are available. The results also suggest that the biases due to the assumptions underlying the stellar track computations may be different from one binary system to another.
Ultraschallgeführte lokalablative Verfahren zur Behandlung von Schilddrüsenläsionen
Authors: Richter Johannes-Paul , Richter Carl-Philip , Gröner Daniel 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungUltraschallgeführte lokalablative Verfahren kommen als Ergänzung zur chirurgischen Therapie und Radiojodtherapie zunehmend in der Routinebehandlung von Schilddrüsenknoten zur Anwendung. Bei rein zystischen und überwiegend zystischen Herdbefunden liegen gute Erfahrungen mit der Instillationstherapie (Ethanol-/Polidocanol-Ablation) vor. Die neueren thermoablativen Techniken, zu denen die Radiofrequenzablation (RFA), die Mikrowellenablation (MWA), die Laserablation (LA) und der hochintensive fokussierte Ultraschall (HIFU) zählen, erreichen mittels Temperaturen von über 60 °C eine lokale Proteindenaturierung im Zielareal. Unter permanenter Ultraschallkontrolle kann so selektiv die Volumenreduktion lokal symptomatischer oder fokal hyperfunktioneller Befunde zur Erlangung von Beschwerdefreiheit induziert werden. Während bereits vielfältige Evidenz für die effektive und sichere Anwendung verschiedener lokalablativer Techniken geschaffen werden konnte, liegen künftige Herausforderungen in der Initiierung komparativer prospektiver Studien sowie standardisierter Curricula zur Schulung und kontinuierlichen Qualitätssicherung. Ferner wird es zukünftig angezeigt sein, die in Deutschland bei Patienten mitunter noch wenig bekannten lokalablativen Techniken im Aufklärungsgespräch als etablierte Alternative oder Ergänzung zu bestehenden Therapieformen anzuführen.
Rethinking self, presence, and participation in online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: O’Neill Fiona , McGrath Timothy James 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a learning experience for educators. While online learning is not new, the sudden loss of familiar cues has highlighted challenges for learners and teachers. This paper focuses on the significance of language in virtual classrooms in an Australian university in the narrative accounts elicited from five educators. The analysis drew on notions of activity types (Levinson, 1979), the dramaturgic self (Goffman, 1959), and learning as a reciprocal, meaning-making, and interpretive process (Scarino, 2014). The findings demonstrate that the participants responded to the challenges and possibilities they encountered by developing ways of rethinking self, presence, and participation in interaction with learners. We argue that this process involves an intercultural orientation to teaching and learning in online settings that is key to reflective practice, relationships of trust and shared understandings in teaching, learning, and knowing, well beyond the pandemic.