bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromatic characterization of a commercially available enhanced monofocal intraocular lens
Authors: Espert Anabel Martínez , Montagud‐Martínez Diego , Ferrando Vicente , Monsoriu Juan A. , Furlan Walter D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this work is to understand the design strategy employed by the commercial Xact mono‐EDOF lens to achieve focus extension.Methods: The optical properties of the intraocular lens were measured for three wavelengths 450 nm, 550 nm, 650 nm and with polychromatic light on an optical bench complying with ISO 11979‐2, 2014 [1] for a 4.5 mm pupil. Through the Focus Modulation Transfer Functions were calculated for 50 lines per mm and Point Spread Functions were measured. The USAF test images were also captured at different vergences.Results: The Xact mono‐EDOF has an asymmetric focus for all 3 wavelengths resulting an increase in the depth of focus. On the other hand, this design shows a longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of 1.41D.Conclusions: The Xact mono‐EDOF lens has a high LCA which could allow it to increase the depth of focus compared to a monofocal lens.References1. ISO 11979‐2. Ophthalmic Implants‐Intraocular Lenses‐Part 2: Optical Properties and Test Methods. International Organization for Standardization: London, UK, 2014.D.M.‐M. acknowledges the Margarita Salas grant from the Ministerio de Universidades, Spain, funded by the European Union‐Next Generation EU.
Anatomical and functional outcomes of RETINOTOMY on primary inferior RHEGMATOGENOUS retinal detachment
Authors: Teixeira Sofia , Ferreira Catarina , Ribeiro Lígia , Bilhoto Miguel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To analyse the anatomical and functional outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy combined with retinotomy alone in primary inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RD).Methods: Data from 139 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for inferior RD in Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, between 2012 and 2021 by the same surgeon, were analysed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Outcomes such as visual acuity (VA) and occurrence of complications were studied.Results: From the total 139 eyes analyse, 72 were subject to vitrectomy combined with retinotomy. Among them, 79% had macula‐off at the time of surgery and 94.4% had proliferative vitreoretinopathy (grade B or C). Functional success, with VA improvement or stabilization after surgery, was 75%. VA was significantly improved from 1.61 to 0.73 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution units (p < 0.001). The anatomic success rate was 95.8% in the first surgery.Conclusions: Inferior RD is a significant clinical and surgical challenge for vitreoretinal surgeons and the choice between the best surgical technique is still controversial. These cases frequently require some additional measures to vitreoretinal surgery due to its high recurrence rate. Our results show that vitrectomy with retinotomy alone on primary inferior RD has high anatomical and functional success rates.
Multiple sclerosis and occlusive retinal vasculitis: A case series
Authors: Khalil Maria , Buelens Tom , Borrelli Serena , Vanderhulst Julien , Willermain François , Makhoul Dorine , Le Aurelie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Retinal vascular changes are a common finding in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). While simple peripheral retinal periphlebitis is by far the most frequent manifestation, a spectrum exists that ranges up to the presence of proliferative retinal vasculitis.Methods: Case series of four patients with occlusive retinal vasculitis.Results: Three patients presented with complaints of visual loss and ocular discomfort: a 26‐year‐old man presented with vitreous inflammation, vitreous haemorrhage, macular edema and papillitis; a 44‐year‐old woman presented with intermediate uveitis and macular edema; and a 25‐year‐old woman presented with granulomatous panuveitis, papillitis and foveolar serous detachment. A fourth patient was addressed because of abnormal eye movements detected during a work‐up for dizziness. Examination revealed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with adduction lag. He had no visual complaints other than subtle floaters in the left eye. Anterior segment examination showed no signs of inflammation, whereas vitreous snowballs were present. Fluorescein angiography revealed occlusive retinal vasculitis in all patients, resulting in active neovascularization in two patients with vitreous haemorrhage in one of them. All patients required retinal laser photocoagulation. Extensive work‐up revealed multiple sclerosis as the underlying disease in three patients; the remaining patient had already been diagnosed with MS at the time of presentation. Nevertheless, additional work‐up was performed in this patient to exclude other possible causes.Conclusions: Occlusive retinal vasculitis is a rare manifestation in patients with MS and may result in neovascularization, vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment and neovascular glaucoma. MS should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of ischemic retinal disease. In addition, one should be alert for signs of retinal vasculitis in patients with MS, as it can present with few or no symptoms.
Analysis of the effects of visual quality under different light conditions in different intraocular lenses: Study pilot
Authors: Haddi Inas Baoud Ould , Sánchez Vanesa Blázquez , Arias Cristina Bonnin , Ramos Celia Sánchez , Ramírez Emilio Dorronzoro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare the effects on visual function and quality of life in cataract patients undergoing cataract surgery between different extended depth of focus (EDOF) lenses, when subjected to different illumination conditions.Methods: Observational, prospective, cross‐sectional pilot study with a total of 31 eyes of 15 patients undergoing uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery with Tecnis Eyhance, Isopure1.2.3 and Vivity intraocular lenses. All patients underwent a complete preoperative examination. They were also evaluated on different days under mesopic and photopic conditions.Results: Thirty‐one eyes of 15 patients (70.5 ± 8.6) were included in the study. Statistically significant values were obtained when comparing intermediate visual acuity (VA) between mesopic and photopic illumination conditions for the Isopure and Eyhance lenses with a value of 0.021 and the Isopure lens with Vivity with 0.001. In photopic conditions at intermediate distance a significant value was obtained between Vivity and Eyhance with a value of 0.02 and in mesopic conditions at intermediate distance between Vivity and Isopure with a value of 0.001. Between the different lenses, no significant values were obtained between the photopic and mesopic conditions. No significant values were found for pupillometry and halometry in mesopic conditions either.Conclusions: All three intraocular lenses provided excellent distance vision in both photopic and mesopic conditions with no statistically significant differences. But in intermediate distance, significant differences were found between photopic and mesopic conditions between the Isopure lens and the Vivity and Eyhance lenses. Therefore, the Isopure lens has worse intermediate VA values in mesopic than the other lenses. There were also no significant differences in near vision in pupillometry and halometry.
Atypical venous vasculitis as a complication of venous thrombosis
Authors: Perea Juan Antonio Sánchez , Menargues Manuel Almarcha , López Carmen Miquel , Abellán Maria Victoria Navarro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To asses the importance of multimodality imaging in successive examinations of patients with retinal branch vein occlusion in order to evaluate possible unexpected complications.Methods: We present a descriptive study (case report). We have performed a multimodal imaging study of a patient with an inferior temporal branch vein thrombosis. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is taken in a patient who received 5 intravitreal injections of Ranibizumab. Posteriorly the patient presented with a decrease in visual acuity and the angiographic study showed a venous vasculitis involving the inferior temporal branch retinal vein, resembling frosted branch angiitis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed inflammatory cystic macular edema with neurosensory detachment. To perform angiography and OCT, we use the Heidelberg Spectralis.Results: Serial evaluation with OCT allowed the observation of a cystic macular edema with neurosensory detachment that was treated with intravitreal Dexamethasone implantation achieving a BCVA of 0.3 to a BCVA of 0.7 after 2 months. Angiography showed a perivenular infiltration that reminded us of frosted branch angiitis. General laboratory tests and serology for cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus were requested, and the patient was referred to the internal medicine department to rule out systemic diseases.Conclusions: Serial multimodality imaging is very useful in the follow‐up of patients with venous occlusions. It allows us to observe atypical complications such as vasculitis found in the context of a patient who suffered a venous branch occlusion. Vasculitis can be found in the context of an ocular disease or associated with diseases such as Bechet's disease, Sarcoidosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Lupus, Polyarteritis nodosa, Sjogren's disease, Relapsing polychondritis, Antiphospholipid antibodies, Syphilis, Whipple's disease, Cytomegalovirus infection, leukaemia or lymphomas. Despite the growing popularity of OCT, we cannot ignore the importance of fluorescein angiography for the follow‐up of these cases.
Human palpebral infestation by mysterious laying eggs: A case report
Authors: Hakami Sina , Correa Simon , Deyi Veronique Yvette Miendje , Azzagnuni Younes , Willermain François , Makhoul Dorine , Le Aurelie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Tick infestation of ocular tissues is a rare occurrence. Ticks are ectoparasites which feed with animal blood. They are vectors of several diseases, as Lyme borreliosis, Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever, typhus, Q fever,... We present the case of a tick infestation of the eyelid of a child.Methods: A 7‐year‐old girl presented for itchy eyelid, pain, and sensation of moving worms in the left superior eyelid. Her mother reported they just came back from vacation in Thailand, 3 days before. Examination of the left upper lid revealed one large moving ectoparasite with a group of eggs, laid below the upper eyelid. Some eggs had hatched, and small ticks were moving on and under the upper eyelid. Given the age of the girl and the nature of the infestation, it was impossible to remove the parasite and eggs at slit lamp. An appointment was settled the next day to remove them in operating room. The following day, the parasite detached itself from the eyelid. The sample was sent to a specialized center in tropical species. Careful examination revealed a slightly swollen palpebral conjunctiva towards the area where the tick was. Physical examination did not reveal other ectoparasite and treatment with Tobramycine was initiated as a precaution. The girl was sent to infectious diseases specialist to perform serologic tests.Results: The ectoparasite was identified as amblyomma sp tick. A shell insect infestation on the eyelid is not common at all. The cases found in literature describe cases of ticks feeding on the eyelid, but none of them reports the presence of eggs around the large ectoparasite (1). We supposed that the parasite stayed long enough to lay its eggs.Conclusions: Ophthalmologists are rarely confronted with ectoparasites and should be aware that removing the whole tick from the affected tissue is of important in the prevention of tickborne diseases and possible local complications (2). Serologic tests for tick‐borne diseases should be done and the patient monitored with clinical observation and follow‐up.References1. RR, R. R. V., Varma P, Kumar A. Tick infestation of the eyelid. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53.2. Uzun A, Gök M, İşcanlı MD. Tick infestation of eyelid: two case reports. Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology 2016; 46(5): 248.
Choroidal thickness in exudative age‐related macular degeneration and influence of intravitreal anti‐VEGF treatment
Authors: Rodrigues Rita , Moleiro Ana , Carneiro Ângela , Falcão Manuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness progression over time in patients with exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and its relation with anti‐VEGF treatment.Methods: Retrospective observational case series. Study group included patients observed between January 2022 and April 2022 at Ophthalmology Department of Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal, diagnosed with bilateral exudative AMD (eAMD) or unilateral eAMD and intermediate AMD (iAMD) in contralateral eye with a minimum follow up of 2 years. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured in each of the studied eyes using cross‐sectional spectral domain optical coherence tomography images, obtained every year during follow‐up period. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate choroidal thickness variation with number of intravitreal injections.Results: 66 eyes with eAMD and 20 eyes with iAMD from 43 patients (mean age, 81.15 ± 6.10 years) followed during 7.15 ± 2.65 years. eAMD eyes were treated with 54.83 (range 6–100 injections) anti‐VEGF intravitreal injections. Choroidal thickness of eyes with eAMD decreased 56.65 ± 11.66 μm over the follow up period (p < 0.001) at a rate of 6.49 μm per year. Choroidal thickness of eyes with iAMD decreased 29.30 ± 22.07 μm over the follow up period (p > 0.2) at a slower rate of 0.68 μm per year. In the subgroup of patients with unilateral eAMD and contralateral iAMD (n = 20), choroidal thickness changes were significantly different between the two eyes (p < 0.001). Number of intravitreal injections correlated inversely with choroidal thickness in eyes with eAMD (r = −0.232; p < 0.001).Conclusions: A significant thinning of choroid in eyes with eAMD and an inverse correlation with number of anti‐VEGF injections was observed, suggesting the influence of prolonged anti‐VEGF suppression on choroidal thickness decrease. Further studies with a higher number of eyes are needed to validate our results.
Photoreceptor density in dependence of axial length and retinal location in human eyes
Authors: Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra , Jonas Jost , Jonas Rahul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To examine the density of retinal photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in relation to myopic axial elongation in human eyes.Methods: Using light microscopy, we counted the density of photoreceptors and RPE cells at the ora serrata, the equator, and at the midpoint between the equator and the posterior pole (MEPP) in enucleated human globes .Results: The study included 78 eyes (mean age: 59.2 ± 15.6 years; range: 32–85 years) with a mean axial length of 27.3 ± 3.6 mm (range: 21.5–37.0 mm). Close to the ora serrata, at the equator and at the MEPP, the photoreceptor and RPE cell density was 11.8 ± 8.8, 29.0 ± 14.3 and 52.3 ± 21.1 cells/48 μm and 27.0 ± 6.6, 21.7 ± 7.2 and 23.4 ± 7.5 cells/480 μm, respectively. Densities of both cell types in all regions measured were positively correlated with each other (all p < 0.001), and decreased with longer axial length (all p < 0.001) and retinal length (all p < 0.001), most marked at the MEPP and least marked close to the ora serrata. Close to the ora serrata, at the equator and at the MEPP, differences between both globe sides in photoreceptor and RPE cell density were 3.98 ± 3.91, 8.93 ± 8.03 and 11.8 ± 11.1 cells/48 μm and 4.67 ± 4.37, 4.27 ± 3.13 and 5.30 ± 4.65 cells/480 μm, respectively. They were not significantly (all p > 0.05) related with axial length and did not differ (all P > 0.05) between both globe sides.Conclusions: The axial elongation‐associated decrease in photoreceptor and RPE cell density is most marked at the MEPP, followed by the equator and finally the ora serrata region. It suggests that the axial elongation‐associated enlargement of the eye wall predominantly takes place in the retro‐equatorial region, followed by the equatorial region. Side differences in cell densities suggest different elongation rates between both sides of the globe.
Dopamine is involved in regulating vascular tone in retinal arterioles
Authors: Eysteinsson Thor , García‐Llorca Andrea 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: There is clinical evidence suggesting that the neurotransmitter dopamine may play a role in regulating retinal vascular function. Patients with Parkinson's disease tend to have a narrower retinal vessel diameter in fundus images and reduced perfusion density1. Healthy volunteers given dopamine IV show increased retinal blood cell velocity (by 37%) and fundus pulsation amplitude (by 24%)2. However, it is not clear if these observed effects may be due to direct actions of dopamine on retinal vessels, independent of any systemic actions, and if so through which subtype of dopamine receptors. We therefore measured the effects of dopamine ligands on isolated segments of porcine retinal arterioles by small wire myography.Methods: Dissected segments of porcine retinal arterioles and surrounding retinal tissue were mounted in a DMT630MA small wire myograph system for measurement of contractile activity, and pre‐contracted with 10−6 MU‐46619, a thromboxane analog, added to the organ bath. With the vascular tone stabilized, all dopamine ligands tested were applied separately to the bath with the vessel, and the effects of each on the wall tension recorded. Results are presented as wall tension (in mN/mm) normalized for vessel length.Results: In isolated vessel segments pre‐contracted with U‐46619, dopamine induced a vasodilation in a dose‐dependent manner, which was complete at 2 mM. The dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 induced dose‐dependent vasodilation, complete at 0.7 mM. The D2 receptor agonist sumanirole (10−4 M) had no effect on wall tension in pre‐contracted retinal arterioles. The D2 receptor antagonist S‐sulpiride (10−3 M) had no effect on wall tension and did not block the vasodilation induced by either dopamine or SKF38393.Conclusions: Dopamine induces vasodilation in pre‐contracted retinal arterioles, primarily via D1 receptors.References1. Cason, B. et al. JAMA Ophthalmol., 2021; 139(2), 181–188.2. Huemer, K‐H. et al, Br J. Ophthalmol., 2007; 91, 1194–1198.
Corneal epithelial microcysts as side effect of belantamab mafodotin: Management and evolution
Authors: Fabra Yolanda Cifre , Parot Álvaro Andrés Ojeda , Calduch Patricia Bayo , Duch‐Samper Antonio M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Blenrep® (Belantamab mafodotin) is an antibody‐drug conjugate that targets an overexpressed antigen in myeloma plasma cells. This agent has its indication on adults with triple‐class refractory multiple myeloma (MM). The most frequently reported adverse event is the appearance of microcyst‐like epithelial changes in the cornea (MEC), produced by the apoptosis of epithelial cells. Our purpose is to describe these findings and their evolution.Methods: The evaluation of the MM patients treated with Blenrep® is a coordinated labor between ophthalmology and haematology departments. At the beginning of the treatment, a regulated baseline examination including visual acuity (VA) and slit lamp examination is performed and a cold mask and artificial tears are provided. Subsequently examination is repeated every 3 weeks, prior to the administration of the next cycle. The ophthalmological findings determine if the next dose can be administered or if it has to be postponed due to a VA loss. The evolution of three patients undergoing Blenrep® treatment was analysed, using anterior segment photography and OCT.Results: 31–92% of the patients on Blenrep® develop ocular events. In our case, the three patients studied developed epitheliopathy during the follow up. One of them, after 2 months, presented a VA loss due to MEC affecting visual axis that required next dose administration delay following haematologist's recommendation. After that period, the microcysts disappeared and VA was recovered. The other two patients also developed MEC, but did not need modification of the scheme since VA was not affected.Conclusions: Blenrep® has proved to be effective on the treatment of triple‐class refractory MM. Its principal adverse event is the appearance of MEC, which in some cases may impair the VA. This effect is reversible with the disappearance of the microcysts with the corneal epithelial regeneration cycle by prolonging the interval between the doses.
Selective proteasome inhibition activates AIM2 inflammasome in human retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Gurubaran Iswariyaraja Sridevi , Hytti Maria , Kaarniranta Kai , Kauppinen Anu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Dysfunctional intracellular clearance is associated with various diseases, including age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Previously, we reported the inhibition of intracellular clearance by the non‐selective proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 resulted in oxidative stress‐mediated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and subsequent interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) secretion in human ARPE‐19 cells. In this study, we used the selective proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin and examined its effect on the inflammasome activation and IL‐1β production.Methods: IL‐1α‐primed human‐derived ARPE‐19 cells were exposed either to MG‐132 or epoxomicin and the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A (BafA) and studied using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and cytotoxicity tests.Results: Our data reveal epoxomicin‐induced proteasome inhibition led to NADPH oxidase and mitochondria‐mediated oxidative stress‐related release of mitochondrial DNA to the cytosol, which then resulted in potassium efflux‐dependent absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome activation and subsequent release of inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β in ARPE‐19 cells.Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the role of AIM2 inflammasome in RPE cell degeneration along with the well‐known NLRP3 inflammasome and may represent a novel therapy target.