bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposing a new rotating frame‐based method for dynamic modelling of resonant converters
Authors: Abbasi Ahmad , Ghayebloo Abbas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResonant converters are widely used in various industrial applications due to features such as wide input voltage range, high efficiency, and high‐power density. Mathematical modelling of these converters is crucial because they simultaneously exhibit AC and DC modes, complicating the design of their controllers. This paper proposes a new method for modelling of resonant converters based on the rotating frame theory. The proposed model possesses two essential features for controller design: being dynamic and having all DC states. The complexity of the model is significantly lower than other methods, such as MHA methods. Also compared to first harmonic approximation, Dp and generalized state space averaging methods, the proposed dq model has not any approximations for the inverter output voltage and transferred output voltage in the transformer primary side. The proposed method is compared with conventional modelling methods for such converters, including the first harmonic approximation, generalized state space averaging, nonlinear equation models, and circuit simulation models. According to the presented results, the proposed model demonstrates superiority in terms of accuracy and simplicity over the methods. Simulation results along with practical results from a prototype circuit are provided, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High‐efficiency multilevel inverter topology with minimal switching devices for enhanced power quality and reduced losses
Authors: Jayaraman Ramesh , Thamizharasan Sandirasegarane , Baskaran Jeevarathinam , Meena Veerpratap , Bahadur Jitendra , Jadoun Vinay Kumar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe advent of multilevel inverters (MLIs) has brought significant advancements in their applications across industrial, residential, and renewable energy sectors, as they produce high‐quality output voltage that closely approximates a sinusoid in small voltage steps or levels, resulting in lower total harmonic distortion (THD) and reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI). However, the MLI topologies require more switching unidirectional/bidirectional semiconductor devices with high standing voltage, gate drivers, and complex control strategies while attaining higher voltage levels. From this perspective of reducing component count and gate drivers, the objective is to develop a new MLI topology that overcomes the drawbacks above. In this article, a novel MLI topology is introduced in symmetric and asymmetric configurations aiming to attain fewer power electronic devices for synthesizing more steps in the load voltage in contrast with conventional topologies. The idea behind the approach is coining the series connected voltage source, which imbibes bidirectional current flow with an additional voltage source for performing algebraic operation under asymmetrical modes of operation. The proposed topology uses minimal on‐state switching devices leading to a diminution of power loss and voltage drop. The suggested topology is optimized for a fewer number of power devices, an input DC supply, and auxiliary gate drivers to achieve a maximum voltage level in the load terminals. The suggested topology has been verified in SIMULINK and the laboratory prototype is constructed in line with the simulated response to demonstrate its performance suitable for real‐time applications.
A method for determining stability range of grid‐side converter parameters of PMSG based on negative feedback modelling of phase‐locked loop and outer control loop
Authors: Cui Xumeng , Chen Lei , Min Yong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDirect‐drive wind farms are integrated into power grid through power electronic devices, extensively utilizing voltage source converters (VSCs) for grid connection, which has precipitated frequent stability challenges within the grid integration systems of wind farms; it is imperative to properly tune the VSC parameters consequently. In grid‐connected VSC system, the interaction between phase‐locked loop (PLL) and outer control loop (OCL) has a significant impact on system stability. Therefore, it is essential to account for the interactions when establishing the stability boundaries for VSC parameters. This article proposes a new method to determine the parameter stability range in grid‐side converter of direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), based on the interactions between PLL and OCL. This method simplifies the modelling process and improves the accuracy of stability range calculations compared to traditional methods. The system is modelled as a negative feedback system with PLL as the forward path and OCL as the feedback path. Both paths include grid dynamics. This modelling approach not only captures the interaction between PLL and OCL, but is also straightforward and clear. Using the Bode diagram, stability mechanism of the system considering interaction between PLL and OCL is studied. The VSC parameter stability criterion of the system is analysed based on the open‐loop frequency characteristics of the system. Then an analytical description of the stability range for parameters is provided. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Cooling rate and turbulence in the intracluster medium of the cool-core cluster Abell 2667
Authors: Lepore M. , Pinto C. , Tozzi P. , Gaspari M. , Gastaldello F. , Liu A. , Rosati P. , van Weeren R. , Cresci G. , Iani E. , Rodighiero G. 
Published: January 2025

Context. We present a detailed analysis of the thermal X-ray emission from the intracluster medium in the cool-core galaxy cluster Abell 2667 at z = 0.23.
Aims. Our main goal is to detect low-temperature (< 2 keV) X-ray emitting gas associated with a potential cooling flow connecting the hot intracluster medium reservoir to the cold gas phase responsible for star formation and supermassive black hole feeding.
Methods. We combined new deep XMM-Newton EPIC and RGS data, along with archival Chandra data, and performed a spectral analysis of the emission from the core region.
Results. We find 1σ upper limits on the fraction of gas cooling equal to ∼40 M⊙ yr−1 and ∼50−60 M⊙ yr−1, in the temperature ranges of 0.5−1 keV and 1−2 keV, respectively. We do not identify OVII, FeXXI-FeXXII, and FeXVII recombination and resonant emission lines in our RGS spectra, implying that the fraction of gas cooling below 1 keV is limited to a few tens of solar masses per year at maximum. We do detect several lines (particularly SiXIV, MgXII, FeXXIII/FeXXIV, NeX, OVIIIα) from which we are able to estimate the turbulent broadening. We obtain a 1σ upper limit of ∼320 km/s, which is much higher than the one found in other cool-core clusters such as Abell 1835, suggesting the presence of some mechanisms that boost significant turbulence in the atmosphere of Abell 2667. Imaging analysis of Chandra data suggests the presence of a cold front possibly associated with sloshing or with intracluster medium cavities. However, current data do not allow us to clearly identify the dominant physical mechanism responsible for turbulence.
Conclusions. These findings show that Abell 2667 is not different from other, low-redshift, cool-core clusters, with only upper limits on the mass deposition rate associated with possible isobaric cooling flows. Despite the lack of clear signatures of recent feedback events, the large upper limit on the turbulent velocity leaves room for significant heating of the intracluster medium, which may quench cooling in the cool core for an extended period, albeit also driving local intracluster medium fluctuations that will contribute to the next cycle of condensation rain.
Endothelial Damage in JAK2V617F Myeloproliferative Neoplasms with Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis
Authors: De Moner Blanca , Martinez-Sanchez Julia , Garrote Marta , Ramos Alex , Ventosa-Capell Helena , Moreno-Castaño Ana , Nomdedeu Meritxell , Ojeda Asunción , Escolar Gines , Garcia-Pagan Joan Carles , Arellano-Rodrigo Eduardo , Carreras Enric , Alvarez-Larran Alberto , Díaz-Ricart Maribel 
Published: January 2025

Background JAK2V617F-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) exhibit abnormal proliferation of bone marrow progenitors and increased risk of thrombosis, specifically in splanchnic veins (SVT). The contribution of the endothelium to the development of the prothrombotic phenotype was explored.
Material and Methods Plasma and serum samples from JAK2V617F MPN patients with (n=26) or without (n=7) thrombotic debut and different treatments, were obtained (n=33). Cultured endothelial cells (ECs) were exposed to serum samples from these patients and from healthy donors as controls. Changes in markers of inflammation (VCAM-1, ICAM-1), cell permeability (VE-cadherin), production of VWF, extracellular matrix (ECM) reactivity, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways related to stress, proliferation, inflammation (Akt, p44/42, IkBa), and JAK2/STAT3 pathway, were assessed by immunofluorescence, flow adhesion, SDS-PAGE and immunoblot. Additionally, circulating markers of endothelial activation and damage (VWF, sVCAM-1, sTNFRI, thrombomodulin, angiopoietin-2, a2-antiplasmin activity, PAI-1) were evaluated in Patients' plasma.
Results The in vitro studies showed that EC exposure to MPN thrombotic patients' sera resulted in increased VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and reduced VE-cadherin expression (p<0.05) at the cell surface. Production and release of VWF to the ECM were higher (p<0.05), with increased platelet adhesion after perfusing whole blood, being more noticeable in response to sera from non-treated patients. Furthermore, intracellular activation of Akt, p44/42, IkBa and JAK2/STAT3 was observed. Moreover, plasma levels of VWF, TNF-R1, VCAM-1, thrombomodulin, and angiopoietin-2 were higher in JAK2V617F+ MPN patients with thrombosis.
Conclusion The present findings suggest that circulating factors in MPNs with SVT debut induce endothelial proinflammatory and prothrombotic phenotypes, which are modulated in vitro with MPN treatment.
Midterm Outcomes of the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Treating Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas: The Impact of Malleable Forceps and Predictors of Surgical Success
Authors: Nakase Kenta , Nagatani Tetsuya , Ishikawa Takayuki , Kato Nobuyasu , Isozawa Yuichiro , Miyake Tomiyuki , Sakai Yosuke , Yokoyama Hayato , Tsukada Tetsuya , Sakamoto Yusuke , Araki Yoshio , Seki Yukio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the midterm surgical outcomes and factors associated with the extent of resection (EOR), postoperative visual improvement, and risk factors for postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in cases of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs), including cases utilizing the malleable forceps.
Design Retrospective clinical study.
Setting Single-center tertiary referral hospital.
Participants Twenty-two patients who underwent the EEA for TSMs between November 2013 and April 2024.
Main Outcome Measures Patient characteristics, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Predictors of the EOR, postoperative visual improvement, and postoperative CSF leaks were investigated.
Results The median age was 58 years, with 77.2% being women. The median follow-up was 70.5 months, and the mean tumor size was 23.5 mm. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 18 patients (81.8%), with no recurrence. Adhesion to the optic nerve was significantly associated with the EOR (p = 0.001). The malleable forceps were used in 14 out of 22 cases, and the GTR rate increased to 92.8% (13 out of 14 cases) with this instrument._Postoperative visual improvement was achieved in 16 of 19 patients (84.2%) and was significantly associated with tumor size (p = 0.02) and the duration of preoperative visual disturbances (p = 0.002). Two patients (9.0%) experienced postoperative CSF leaks, significantly associated with sex (p = 0.04) and Simpson grade (p = 0.032).
Conclusion The EEA yielded favorable outcomes and significant postoperative visual improvement for TSMs, supporting early intervention for symptomatic TSMs and radical treatment for GTR. The malleable forceps can enhance the management of complex procedures.
The Prevalence of Migraine in Children Diagnosed with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Güzin Yiğithan , Dağdaş Safa Mete , Sarıkaya Uzan Gamze , Baykan Mügen , Gençpınar Pınar , Baydan Figen , Özyılmaz Berk , Doğan Gizem , Kasap Demir Belde , Olgaç Dündar Nihal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis, caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. Inflammatory pathways associated with FMF are linked to increased proinflammatory cytokines, which may be related to primary headaches, including migraine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of migraine and other primary headaches in FMF patients.
Methods In this retrospective study, the medical records of FMF patients were analyzed. Demographic data, MEFV gene mutations, and headache histories were collected. The frequency of migraine was compared among patients with these mutations, and statistical analyses were conducted.
Results The study included 148 FMF patients, comprising 56.1% females and 43.9% males, with a mean age of 11.3 ± 3.7 years. A family history of FMF was reported in 77.7% of patients, and 35.8% had a family history of migraine. Headaches were reported in 52.7% of patients: 24.3% non-specific, 15.5% tension-type, and 12.8% migraine. Of those with migraine, 8.1% had migraine with aura, and 4.7% without aura. Headaches were more frequently frontal in patients under 12 years of age and temporal in those aged ≥12 years (p = 0.011). The most common genetic mutations were M694V heterozygous and homozygous, with M694V and E148Q mutations linked to more frequent migraines, although not statistically significant.
Conclusion FMF patients should be screened for primary headaches, particularly migraine. The high frequency of migraine observed in this study suggests that clinicians should particularly consider migraine as a diagnosis in headache episodes experienced by FMF patients.
The Dose-Dependent Effect of Obesity on Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in a Hispanic Population
Authors: Jones Sara I. , Rosenthal Elise A. , Pruszynski Jessica E. , Cunningham F. Gary 
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with maternal obesity in a Hispanic population. We hypothesized that obesity confers a dose-dependent risk associated with these outcomes.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies delivered between 24 and 42 weeks gestation at an urban county hospital between 2013 and 2021. Body mass index (BMI) at the first prenatal visit was used as a proxy for prepregnancy weight. Patients were excluded if their first-trimester BMI was not available. Trends in adverse outcomes across increasing obesity classes were assessed.
Results During the study period, 58,497 patients delivered a singleton infant, of which 12,365 (21.1%), 5,429 (9.3%), and 3,482 (6.0%) were in class I, II, and III obesity, respectively. Compared with nonobese patients, obese patients were more likely to be younger and nulliparous with a higher incidence of hypertension and pregestational diabetes. Higher BMI was associated with a significant dose-dependent increase in cesarean delivery (27% for nonobese, 34% for class I, 39% for class II, and 46% for class III obesity); severe preeclampsia (8% in nonobese and 19% for class III obesity); and gestational diabetes (5% in nonobese and 15% in class III obesity). There were significant trends in increasing morbidity for infants born to patients with correspondingly higher obesity classes. Some of these adverse outcomes included respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal intensive care unit admission, fetal anomalies, and sepsis (all p < 0.001).
Conclusion Increasing body mass index is associated with a significant dose-dependent increase in multiple adverse perinatal outcomes in a Hispanic population. Associated adverse maternal outcomes include severe preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and cesarean delivery. Infants born to patients with correspondingly higher BMI class have significantly increased associated morbidity. Often, only higher BMI classes are significantly associated with these adverse outcomes.
Key Points
Generation of generalized perfect vortex beam based on dielectric spin-multiplexed metasurface
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xu , Guo Ruixiang , Fu Rao , Liu Xiangmin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The perfect vortex beam (PVB) possesses an annular intensity profile diameter independent of topological charge, which has attracted much attention owing to the ability of improving optical fiber transmission efficiency. The composite PVB (CPVB) is mainly based on the superposed multiple Laguerre–Gaussian beams with specific polarization states, which possesses topological charge-relevant spot shaped intensity pattern and the topological charge-irrelevant profile diameter. A series of spin-multiplexed metasurfaces have been designed to generate different PVB and CPVB under different spin light. The CPVB can also be modulated in scaling and rotating manner, which can broaden the dimensions of information. A spin-multiplexed metasurface has also been designed to generate CPVB array with different rotation angles and spot number under different spin light, and the encoding process has also been demonstrated. The uniqueness of these metasurfaces makes this design philosophy very attractive for applications in spin photonics, information encryption, optical communication, and optical information storage.
Advanced framework for intelligent fault diagnosis in rotary machinery with out-of-distribution recognition
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Chen Xiaochi , Xie Jingsong , Li Yuyan , Pan Tongyang , Yang Buyao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in maintaining mechanical equipment reliability. Deep neural networks have exhibited superior performance in fault diagnosis under closed sample space assumptions. However, the deployment of neural network models in practical industrial environments faces significant challenges due to the emergence of out-of-distribution (OOD) data, particularly novel fault categories that deviate substantially from the initial training assumptions. To address these limitations, we propose a robust fault diagnosis framework incorporating OOD sample detection and adaptive learning capabilities. The framework utilizes a novel Mixture of Experts model (MoEFormer) as the feature extraction mechanism, which enables fine-grained feature representation while enhancing computational efficiency. Furthermore, we introduce a Gaussian density peak clustering algorithm for OOD data identification and autonomous model retraining. This integrated framework enables real-time adaptation and online diagnosis in industrial scenarios where novel fault categories may emerge. Experimental validation was conducted using the bearing fault dataset from the University of Ottawa and the gear fault dataset from Xi’an Jiaotong University. The results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches in identifying unknown OOD faults and achieves superior diagnostic performance. The adaptively updated model attained a diagnostic accuracy of 96.0%, representing a significant improvement of approximately 30 percentage points compared to non-adaptive methods.
Revisiting the safety limit in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia: insights from eddy current induced heating
Authors: Pilpilidis Konstantinos , Tsanidis George , Rouni Maria Anastasia , Markakis John , Samaras Theodoros 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (MNH) emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, leveraging alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) to induce localized heating through magnetic nanoparticles. However, the interaction of AMFs with biological tissues leads to non-specific heating caused by eddy currents, triggering thermoregulatory responses and complex thermal gradients throughout the body of the patient. While previous studies have implemented the Atkinson–Brezovich limit to mitigate potential harm, recent research underscores discrepancies between this threshold and clinical outcomes, necessitating a re-evaluation of this safety limit. Therefore, in this study, through electromagnetic (EM) simulations, the complex interaction between AMFs and anatomical models was investigated. Approach. In particular, we considered a circular coil configuration placed at different positions along the craniocaudal axis of various anatomical human models. The excitation current was normalized, at different frequencies, to meet the basic restriction of local 10 g-averaged specific energy absorption rate (SAR) in the human models, as defined by the exposure guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the standard IEC 60601-2-33 of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Main results. The resulting permissible magnetic field strength values, for the reference levels set by the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines, emerged to be up to approximately 1.4 and 3 times less than that defined in the Atkinson–Brezovich limit. The widely used limit was found to align more closely with the first level of controlled operating mode defined in the IEC 60601-2-33 standard. Significance. The results indicate that the permissible magnetic field amplitude during MNH treatment should be much lower than that in the Atkinson–Brezovich limit. This study offers valuable insights into the role of computational simulations in advancing the potential to establish a reliable metric for safety evaluation and monitoring within the clinical framework of MNH.
The acute effect of bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy on synchronous changes in heart rate variability and heart rate in patients with depression
Authors: Chen Xiang , He Changjiang , Zhang Hui , Yang Han , Li Jin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. The transient autonomic nervous system responses induced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may serve as critical indicators of treatment efficacy and potential side effects; however, their precise characteristics remains unclear. Considering that the intense stimulation of ECT may disrupt the typical antagonistic relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, this study aims to conduct a meticulous analysis of the rapid changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and HR during ECT, with a particular focus on their synchronized interplay. Methods. Pulse interval sequences were collected from 50 sessions of bitemporal ECT administered to 27 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The average HR and ultra-short term HRV indices RMSSD and SDNN, as well as the Poincaré indices SD1, SD2 and SD2/SD1, were calculated using a 10 s sliding window with a step size of 1 s. In particular, the synchronous changes between SD1, SD2, SD2/SD1 and HR were analyzed. Results. The synchronous changes of the indices showed different characteristics over time. In particular, SD1, SD2 and HR increased significantly by 41.50 ± 11.45 ms, 33.97 ± 10.98 ms and 9.68 ± 2.00 bpm respectively between 8 and 20 s, whereas they decreased significantly by 19.89 ± 9.07 ms, 17.54 ± 8.54 ms and 3.80 ± 1.33 bpm respectively between 45 and 53 s after ECT stimulus onset. SD1 and SD2 both had highly significant positive correlations with HR in the above phases. Conclusion. The results suggest that bitemporal ECT induces the sympathetic and parasympathetic co-activation during the early ictal period and brief co-inhibition approximately 45 s after stimulus. Our findings may provide new insights comprehending the mechanisms of ECT and its associated cardiovascular risks.