bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of unipolar electric fields on the behavior of dielectric elastomer actuators based on plasticized acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR)
Authors: Vennemann Norbert , Kummerlöwe Claudia , Schneider Manuel , Bröker Dirk , Siebert Achim , Teich Sebastian , Rosemann Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCommercial acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) containing large amount of plasticizer was used as base material for dielectric layers and compliant electrodes of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA). The deformational behavior and dielectric properties of the DEA were characterized by combined measurements of polarization‐electric field (P‐E) as well as deformation‐electric field (S‐E) hysteresis loops. Unipolar electric fields were used to stimulate the actuators since theoretical considerations reveal that with unipolar fields larger deformations will be achieved compared to bipolar fields. Surprisingly, it turned out that the P‐E‐ and S‐E hysteresis loops exhibit a strong time dependency if a unipolar electric field is applied for actuators with a dielectric containing plasticizer. In contrast, no time dependency was observed for samples without plasticizer and in the case of bipolar fields. By means of additionally performed DC loss current measurements indication were obtained, that due to the unipolarity of the electric fields polar or ionized plasticizer molecules can be slightly accumulated at the anode. Finally, it is shown that application of unipolar electric fields results in larger actuator deformations compared to the case of simple bipolar sinusoidal stimulation. The experimental results are in good agreement with a theoretical approach which reveals that the resulting deformation is composed of the first harmonic and the second harmonic oscillation, superimposed by a constant offset value.
Exploring Spectrum‐based Molecular Descriptors for Reaction Performance Prediction
Authors: Tang Miao‐Jiong , Xu Li‐Cheng , Zhang Shuo‐Qing , Hong Xin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite the availability and accuracy of modern spectroscopic characterization, the utilization of spectral information in chemical machine learning is still primitive. Here, we report an optical character recognition‐based automatic process to utilize spectral information as molecular descriptors, which directly transforms experimental spectrum images to readable vectors. We demonstrate its machine learning application in the reaction yield dataset of Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald‐Hartwig cross‐coupling with aryl halides. In addition, we also show that the predicted spectrum can serve as an alternative encoding source to support the model training.
Application of nano‐radiosensitizers in combination cancer therapy
Authors: Varzandeh Mohammad , Sabouri Leila , Mansouri Vahid , Gharibshahian Maliheh , Beheshtizadeh Nima , Hamblin Michael R. , Rezaei Nima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRadiosensitizers are compounds or nanostructures, which can improve the efficiency of ionizing radiation to kill cells. Radiosensitization increases the susceptibility of cancer cells to radiation‐induced killing, while simultaneously reducing the potentially damaging effect on the cellular structure and function of the surrounding healthy tissues. Therefore, radiosensitizers are therapeutic agents used to boost the effectiveness of radiation treatment. The complexity and heterogeneity of cancer, and the multifactorial nature of its pathophysiology has led to many approaches to treatment. The effectiveness of each approach has been proven to some extent, but no definitive treatment to eradicate cancer has been discovered. The current review discusses a broad range of nano‐radiosensitizers, summarizing possible combinations of radiosensitizing NPs with several other types of cancer therapy options, focusing on the benefits and drawbacks, challenges, and future prospects.
Autophagy: A challengeable paradox in cancer treatment
Authors: Ahmadi‐Dehlaghi Farnaz , Mohammadi Parisa , Valipour Elahe , Pournaghi Pouya , Kiani Sarah , Mansouri Kamran 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveAutophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway conserved in all eukaryotes from yeast to humans. This process plays a quality‐control role by destroying harmful cellular components under normal conditions, maintaining cell survival, and establishing cellular adaptation under stressful conditions. Hence, there are various studies indicating dysfunctional autophagy as a factor involved in the development and progression of various human diseases, including cancer. In addition, the importance of autophagy in the development of cancer has been highlighted by paradoxical roles, as a cytoprotective and cytotoxic mechanism. Despite extensive research in the field of cancer, there are many questions and challenges about the roles and effects suggested for autophagy in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the paradoxical roles of autophagy in different tumors and related cancer treatment options.MethodsIn this study, to find articles, a search was made in PubMed and Google scholar databases with the keywords Autophagy, Autophagy in Cancer Management, and Drug Design.ResultsAccording to the investigation, some studies suggest that several advanced cancers are dependent on autophagy for cell survival, so when cancer cells are exposed to therapy, autophagy is induced and suppresses the anti‐cancer effects of therapeutic agents and also results in cell resistance. However, enhanced autophagy from using anti‐cancer drugs causes autophagy‐mediated cell death in several cancers. Because autophagy also plays roles in both tumor suppression and promotion further research is needed to determine the precise mechanism of this process in cancer treatment.ConclusionWe concluded in this article, autophagy manipulation may either promote or hinder the growth and development of cancer according to the origin of the cancer cells, the type of cancer, and the behavior of the cancer cells exposed to treatment. Thus, before starting treatment it is necessary to determine the basal levels of autophagy in various cancers.
The Genus Cryptocarya: A Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Manh Ha Nguyen , The Son Ninh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCryptocarya (the laurel family) is a large genus of great economic plants found in tropics and subtropics. Plants of this genus are a rich resource of essential oils, and pharmacological compounds. An overview of phytochemistry and pharmacological aspect is not yet available. This review aims to establish insightful information on phytochemistry, and pharmacological values. The literature collection is based on keywords ‘Cryptocarya’, ‘phytochemistry’, and ‘pharmacology’ using a broad panel of scientific sources, such as Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, and Wiley. Since the 1950s, Cryptocarya plants have been the main object in various phytochemical studies, by which about 390 metabolite compounds were isolated. Alkaloids, α‐pyrones, and flavonoids could be seen as the main classes of Cryptocarya isolates. Cryptocarya constituents displayed potential pharmacological values such as anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiviral, vasorelaxant activities, especially cytotoxicity.
Identification of the Authenticity and Geographical Origin of Bear Bile Powder by Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography ‐ Charged Aerosol Detector Fingerprints Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Yuan Minghao , Zhou Tao , Lei Kelu , Liu Yushi , Li Meifeng , Zeng Dafu , Guo Yiping , Guo Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBear bile powder (BBP) is a rare animal‐derived traditional Chinese medicine, and it has been widely used to treat visual disorders and hepatobiliary diseases in East Asia. However, there is still a lack of reliable quality control methods for BBP. This study was designed to establish a comprehensive quality map of BBP based on bile acids. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector (HPLC‐CAD) was used for fingerprint establishment and quantitative analysis of BBP. The similarities of HPLC‐CAD chromatograms for 50 batches of BBP were more than 0.95, while the similarities of reference chromatograms between 6 other animal bile and BBP were low than 0.7. Additionally, five bile acids in BBP, including tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, ursodesoxycholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid, were simultaneously quantified. This method has been validated with good regression as well as satisfactory precision, sensitivity, stability, repeatability, and accuracy. Using this method, the contents of five bile acids in BBP samples from five producing areas were determined and compared. Furthermore, Fisher linear discriminant analysis was performed to discriminate the geographic origins of BBP. The result demonstrated that HPLC‐CAD fingerprint combined with multi‐components quantification is an effective and reliable method for quality control of BBP, it could be a meaningful reference for the quality evaluation of medicinal bile.
ChannelCOMB Device for Mesostructured Reactors and Networks of Reactors
Authors: Barbosa Isabel S. O. , Costa João M. , Manrique Yaidelin A. , Dias Madalena M. , Faria Joaquim L. , Santos Ricardo J. , Silva Cláudia G. , Brito Margarida S. C. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChannelCOMB, a consecutive flow distributor, was constructed by additive manufacturing (AM) for experimental validation. The feasibility of using AM was experimentally analyzed for two techniques: stereolithography (tolerance of 50 µm) and fused deposition modeling (tolerance of 100 µm). For the best ChannelCOMB configuration, SLA printing shows a maximum of ca. 4 % in flow deviation, while FDM has a maximum of ca. 15 %. Thus, the SLA technique promotes better flow uniformity due to the fabrication tolerance and material permeability. The results also show that the experimental flow distribution measured for the best ChannelCOMB configuration printed by SLA can be well predicted by both computational fluid dynamics simulations and a model based on resistance analogs proposed in a previous work.
Can corporate social responsibility protect firm value during corporate environmental violation events?
Authors: Ouyang Zhe , Lv Ruixue , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study examines how corporate social responsibility and critical stakeholder (media and analyst) attention affect firm value when an environmental violation occurs. We discover that corporate social responsibility acts as a buffer in influencing firm value by analyzing 224 environmental violation events that occurred in China's publicly traded manufacturing industry firms between 2015 and 2020. Moreover, we find that the corporate social responsibility buffering effect is more substantial when media and analyst attention is high (vs. low). By studying the effects of corporate social responsibility on firm value at the onset of an environmental violation event, this study offers further support for the risk management and reputation insurance theory of corporate social responsibility. It also enriches our understanding of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance.
Cytologic, histologic, and molecular features of pancreatic sarcomatoid undifferentiated carcinoma with heterologous osteosarcomatous transformation
Authors: Zhang M. Lisa , Sabatino Marlena E. , Castillo Carlos Fernandez‐del , Mattia Anthony R. , Chebib Ivan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a minimally invasive and effective modality to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, some histologic subtypes of ductal adenocarcinoma are rarely encountered and challenging to diagnose on FNA/small biopsies. To date, cytohistologic features of pancreatic sarcomatoid undifferentiated carcinoma with heterologous elements have not been thoroughly described. An 83‐year‐old man with lower back pain was found to have an incidental pancreatic neck mass. FNA biopsy of the mass showed rare markedly atypical, large, pleomorphic cells in a background of abundant calcifications/bone formation without areas of conventional adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis of “Malignant neoplasm with osteosarcomatous differentiation” was rendered on the FNA specimen. Subsequently, a Whipple resection revealed a 4.1 cm lobulated, calcified pancreatic mass. Microscopic examination showed a heavily calcified/ossified mass with adjacent areas of a highly cellular malignant spindle cell proliferation and admixed large, pleomorphic tumor cells; no background conventional adenocarcinoma was identified. Cytokeratin immunostains MNF116 and CK19 were positive in a large subset of the malignant spindle cells, and AE1.3/CAM5.2 showed patchy weak staining. Molecular testing revealed mutations in KRAS, TP53, BRCA2, NTRK3, EPHA2, MYD88, and CBL. No reportable fusions were detected. The final diagnosis was “Sarcomatoid undifferentiated carcinoma with heterologous elements (osteosarcomatous differentiation).” Definitive diagnosis of extremely rare subtypes of ductal adenocarcinoma is challenging on FNA biopsies. In this case, cytologic evaluation was helpful in making an early diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm with highly unusual features, prompting appropriate triage and early surgical resection of a sarcomatoid undifferentiated carcinoma with prominent osteosarcomatous differentiation.
Similar vegetation‐geomorphic disturbance feedbacks shape unstable glacier forelands across mountain regions
Authors: Eichel Jana , Draebing Daniel , Winkler Stefan , Meyer Nele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlacier forelands are among the most rapidly changing landscapes on Earth. Stable ground is rare as geomorphic processes move sediments across large areas of glacier forelands for decades to centuries following glacier retreat. Yet, most ecological studies sample exclusively on stable terrain to fulfill chronosequence criteria, thus missing potential feedbacks between geomorphic disturbances and vegetation colonization. By influencing vegetation and soil development, such vegetation‐geomorphic disturbance feedbacks could be crucial to understand glacier foreland ecosystem development in a changing climate. We surveyed vegetation and environmental properties, including geomorphic disturbance intensities, in 105 plots located on both stable and unstable moraine terrain in two geomorphologically active glacier forelands in New Zealand and Switzerland. Our plot data showed that geomorphic disturbance intensities permanently changed from high/moderate to low/stable when vegetation reached cover values of around 40%. Around this cover value, species with response and effect traits adapted to geomorphic disturbances dominated. This suggests that such species can act as “biogeomorphic” ecosystem engineers that stabilize ground through positive feedback loops. Across floristic regions, biogeomorphic ecosystem engineer traits creating ground stabilization, such as mat growth and association with mycorrhiza, are remarkably similar. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed a linked sequence of decreasing geomorphic disturbance intensities and changing species composition from pioneer to late successional species. We interpret this linked geomorphic disturbance‐vegetation succession sequence as “biogeomorphic succession,” a common successional pathway in unstable river and coastal ecosystems across the world. Soil and vegetation development were related to this sequence and only advanced once biogeomorphic ecosystem engineer species covered 40%–45% of a plot, indicating a crucial role of biogeomorphic ecosystem engineer stabilization. Different topoclimatic conditions could explain variance in biogeomorphic succession timescales and ecosystem engineer root traits between the glacier forelands. As glacier foreland ground is widely unstable, we propose to consider glacier forelands as “biogeomorphic ecosystems” in which ecosystem structure and function are shaped by geomorphic disturbances and their feedbacks with adapted plant species, similar to rivers and coasts.
Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin
Authors: Cimino Megan A. , Conroy John A. , Connors Elizabeth , Bowman Jeff , Corso Andrew , Ducklow Hugh , Fraser William , Friedlaender Ari , Kim Heather Hyewon , Larsen Gregory D. , Moffat Carlos , Nichols Ross , Pallin Logan , Patterson‐Fraser Donna , Roberts Darren , Roberts Megan , Steinberg Deborah K. , Thibodeau Patricia , Trinh Rebecca , Schofield Oscar , Stammerjohn Sharon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change is leading to phenological shifts across a wide range of species globally. Polar oceans are hotspots of rapid climate change where sea ice dynamics structure ecosystems and organismal life cycles are attuned to ice seasonality. To anticipate climate change impacts on populations and ecosystem services, it is critical to understand ecosystem phenology to determine species activity patterns, optimal environmental windows for processes like reproduction, and the ramifications of ecological mismatches. Since 1991, the Palmer Antarctica Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has monitored seasonal dynamics near Palmer Station. Here, we review the species that occupy this region as year‐round residents, seasonal breeders, or periodic visitors. We show that sea ice retreat and increasing photoperiod in the spring trigger a sequence of events from mid‐November to mid‐February, including Adélie penguin clutch initiation, snow melt, calm conditions (low winds and warm air/sea temperature), phytoplankton blooms, shallow mixed layer depths, particulate organic carbon flux, peak humpback whale abundances, nutrient drawdown, and bacterial accumulation. Subsequently, from May to June, snow accumulates, zooplankton indicator species appear, and sea ice advances. The standard deviation in the timing of most events ranged from ~20 to 45 days, which was striking compared with Adélie penguin clutch initiation that varied <1 week. In general, during late sea ice retreat years, events happened later (~5 to >30 days) than mean dates and the variability in timing was low (<20%) compared with early ice retreat years. Statistical models showed the timing of some events were informative predictors (but not sole drivers) of other events. From an Adélie penguin perspective, earlier sea ice retreat and shifts in the timing of suitable conditions or prey characteristics could lead to mismatches, or asynchronies, that ultimately influence chick survival via their mass at fledging. However, more work is needed to understand how phenological shifts affect chick thermoregulatory costs and the abundance, availability, and energy content of key prey species, which support chick growth and survival. While we did not detect many long‐term phenological trends, we expect that when sea ice trends become significant within our LTER time series, phenological trends and negative effects from ecological mismatches will follow.
Multidynamic Crystalline Molecular Rotors Comprising an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Binuclear Au(I) Complex Bearing Multiple Rotators
Authors: Jin Mingoo , Matsuura Satsuki , Yamamoto Hikaru , Mizuno Motohiro , Ito Hajime 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report multidynamic molecular rotations in crystals using a concave‐shape N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) binuclear Au(I) complex rotor bearing pyrazine and tetrahydrofuran (THF) molecules as multicomponent rotators. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that two THF molecules are located near the central pyrazine encapsulated by two bulky NHC ligands. From 2H solid‐state NMR analysis, it was observed that the pyrazine rotated in a 2‐fold site exchange with a 180° rotational angle and a 31 kJ mol−1 energy barrier, while the THF molecules showed a 23°‐38° libration with a lower energy barrier (14 kJ mol−1). Interestingly, the pyrazine rotation was accelerated when the THF molecules rotated in fast site exchange with a large angle of libration, suggesting that the rotators exhibit multidynamics in a correlated manner.
A comprehensive cognition for the capacity fading mechanism of FeS2 in argyrodite‐based all‐solid‐state lithium battery
Authors: Wu Zhan , Zhang Wenkui , Xia Yang , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , He Xinping , Xia Xinhui , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSulfide solid state electrolyte (SSE) possesses high ionic conductivity and great processability but suffers from narrow electrochemical window. Conversion sulfide cathode FeS2 has higher specific capacity and moderate redox potential, making it appropriate toward sulfide SSE. However, the complex reaction pathway and capacity fading mechanism in FeS2 are rarely studied, especially in all‐solid‐state lithium battery (ASSLB). Herein, argyrodite sulfide SSE is paired with FeS2 to investigate the electrochemical reaction pathways and the capacity fade mechanism. Instead of single conversion reaction, an anionic redox driven reaction of FeS2 is revealed. The oxidization of Li2S vanishes and large quantity of inactive Li2S accumulates to cause the interfacial deterioration, along with the stress concentration during cycling, which leads to the rapid capacity fade of FeS2. Finally, a simple strategy of slurry‐coated composite electrode with highly conductive network is proposed to direct the uniform deposition of Li2S and alleviate the stress concentration.image
Nutritional assessment models for Alzheimer's disease: Advances and perspectives
Authors: Wen Yuxi , Zhang Lizhu , Li Na , Tong Aijun , Zhao Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease of uncertain pathogenesis that develops in the elderly population and is characterized by loss of cognitive function, memory loss, and deterioration of everyday behavior. The development of biological models of AD is constrained by the complexity of the pathogenesis and multiple causes. Creating disease models can aid in understanding the pathophysiology of AD and developing effective therapeutic drugs. In this review, the animal and cellular models that are currently being utilized to research AD are outlined and described in detail according to modeling approaches. The main animal models are natural aging models, transgenic models, and drug‐induced models. The main cellular models are traditional 2D cells, human induced pluripotent stem 2D cells (neurons and glial cells), and 3D cells, as well as organoid models, and the benefits and drawbacks of their various biological models are assessed. They do have their limitations due to an incomplete reflection of AD pathology. Therefore, new models for AD research are needed in the future. The summary of existing models is intended to provide a basis for the subsequent development of new disease models and to provide a reference for the study of disease mechanisms, clinical research, and new drug development in AD.