bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Dark Matter Cusps from Cores Using Globular Clusters
Authors: Modak Shaunak , Danieli Shany , Greene Jenny E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Globular clusters (GCs) provide valuable insight into the properties of their host galaxies’ dark matter halos. Using N-body simulations incorporating semianalytic dynamical friction and GC−GC merger prescriptions, we study the evolution of GC radial distributions and mass functions in cuspy and cored dark matter halos. Modeling the dynamics of the GC-rich system in the dwarf galaxy UGC 7369, we find that friction-induced inspiral and subsequent mergers of massive GCs can naturally and robustly explain the mass segregation of the GCs and the existence of a nuclear star cluster (NSC). However, the multiple mergers required to form the NSC only take place when the dark matter halo is cuspy. In a cored halo, stalling of the dynamical friction within the core halts the inspiral of the GCs, and so the GC merger rate falls significantly, precluding the formation of an NSC. We therefore argue that the presence of an NSC requires a cusp in UGC 7369. More generally, we propose that the presence of an NSC and the corresponding alteration of the GC mass function due to mergers may be used as an indicator of a cuspy halo for galaxies in which we expect NSC formation to be merger dominated. These observables represent a simple, powerful complement to other inner halo density profile constraint techniques and should allow for straightforward extension to larger samples.
Deep Synoptic Array Science: A Massive Elliptical Host Among Two Galaxy-cluster Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Sharma Kritti , Somalwar Jean , Law Casey , Ravi Vikram , Catha Morgan , Chen Ge , Connor Liam , Faber Jakob T. , Hallinan Gregg , Harnach Charlie , Hellbourg Greg , Hobbs Rick , Hodge David , Hodges Mark , Lamb James W. , Rasmussen Paul , Sherman Myles B. , Shi Jun , Simard Dana , Squillace Reynier , Weinreb Sander , Woody David P. , Yadlapalli Nitika ,   The Deep Synoptic Array team
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The stellar population environments that are associated with fast radio burst (FRB) sources provide important insights for developing their progenitor theories. We expand the diversity of known FRB host environments by reporting two FRBs in massive galaxy clusters that were discovered by the Deep Synoptic Array (DSA-110) during its commissioning observations. FRB 20220914A has been localized to a star-forming, late-type galaxy at a redshift of 0.1139 with multiple starbursts at lookback times less than ∼3.5 Gyr in the A2310 galaxy cluster. Although the host galaxy of FRB 20220914A is similar to typical FRB hosts, the FRB 20220509G host stands out as a quiescent, early-type galaxy at a redshift of 0.0894 in the A2311 galaxy cluster. The discovery of FRBs in both late- and early-type galaxies adds to the body of evidence that the FRB sources have multiple formation channels. Therefore, even though FRB hosts are typically star-forming, there must exist formation channels that are consistent with old stellar population in galaxies. The varied star formation histories of the two FRB hosts that we report here indicate a wide delay-time distribution of FRB progenitors. Future work in constraining the FRB delay-time distribution, using the methods that we develop herein, will prove crucial in determining the evolutionary histories of FRB sources.
The Effect of the Ambient Solar Wind Medium on a CME-driven Shock and the Associated Gradual Solar Energetic Particle Event
Authors: Wijsen Nicolas , Lario David , Sánchez-Cano Beatriz , Jebaraj Immanuel C. , Dresing Nina , Richardson Ian G. , Aran Angels , Kouloumvakos Athanasios , Ding Zheyi , Niemela Antonio , Palmerio Erika , Carcaboso Fernando , Vainio Rami , Afanasiev Alexandr , Pinto Marco , Pacheco Daniel , Poedts Stefaan , Heyner Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present simulation results of a gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) event detected on 2021 October 9 by multiple spacecraft, including BepiColombo (Bepi) and near-Earth spacecraft such as the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). A peculiarity of this event is that the presence of a high-speed stream (HSS) affected the low-energy ion component (≲5 MeV) of the gradual SEP event at both Bepi and ACE, despite the HSS having only a modest solar wind speed increase. Using the EUHFORIA (European Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset) magnetohydrodynamic model, we replicate the solar wind during the event and the coronal mass ejection (CME) that generated it. We then combine these results with the energetic particle transport model PARADISE (PArticle Radiation Asset Directed at Interplanetary Space Exploration). We find that the structure of the CME-driven shock was affected by the nonuniform solar wind, especially near the HSS, resulting in a shock wave front with strong variations in its properties such as its compression ratio and obliquity. By scaling the emission of energetic particles from the shock to the solar wind compression at the shock, an excellent match between the PARADISE simulation and in situ measurements of ≲5 MeV ions is obtained. Our modeling shows that the intricate intensity variations observed at both ACE and Bepi were influenced by the nonuniform emission of energetic particles from the deformed shock wave and demonstrates the influence of even modest background solar wind structures on the development of SEP events.
Sophocle protestant. Deux aspects de la tragédie grecque chez des auteurs protestants
Authors: Borza Élie 
Published: June 2023

Le succès de la tragédie grecque a perduré dans le monde protestant tout au long du xvi e siècle. En effet, elle pouvait être utile à la formation des citoyens et des dirigeants, pour les amener à bien agir. De plus, le rapport au sacré chez Sophocle a connu une nouvelle interprétation chez les auteurs réformés. Ces deux caractéristiques – le message politique et le rapport au sacré – sont intimement liées à la Cohortatio ad legendas tragoedias et comoedias publiée en 1545 par Philip Melanchthon.
Les f(r)actions du peuple florentin, une anaphase politique selon Machiavel
Authors: Fontaine Arnaud 
Published: June 2023

Dans son Histoire de Florence , Machiavel, fidèle à la pensée politique traditionnelle transpose les pratiques médicales à celle du bon gouvernement. Selon lui, la cité toscane présente l’ensemble des quatre humeurs hippocratiques : le sang (le peuple), la bile jaune (la populace), le flegme (les Magnats) et la bile noire (les nobles). Auscultant avec lui cet organisme politique original qu’est Florence nous révélerons la propension de ses f(r)actions à la division en une véritable anaphase politique.
Sonder les fondements du ciel et de la terre : la légitimité de l’homme du début de la Modernité dans le Faustbuch (1587)
Authors: Rudy Hiller Daniel 
Published: June 2023

La figure de Faust incarne probablement mieux que toute autre la revalorisation de la curiosité théorique au début des Temps modernes. Pourtant, dans le premier écrit consacré à retracer sa vie dans son entier, l’ Historia von D. Johann Fausten (1587) – connue aussi sous le nom du Faustbuch –, l’auteur luthérien anonyme, dans le sillage d’une bonne partie de la tradition chrétienne, considère la curiositas dont fait preuve le protagoniste comme le signe d’une superbe inacceptable aux yeux de Dieu. Renversant ce jugement négatif, un courant d’interprétation actuel, influencé par la philosophie de l’histoire des Temps Modernes, fait du Faust de l’ Historia un héros de la Renaissance qui aurait permis l’émancipation de la raison vis-à-vis du « joug » de la foi médiévale. Se pourrait-il cependant que la légitimité historique de Faust réside ailleurs que dans cette superbe ou dans cet élan conquérant de la raison visant à détrôner la foi ? S’appuyant sur la théorie des origines de la Modernité de Hans Blumenberg, cet article soutient que le nouveau rationalisme personnifié par la figure Faust, tel qu’il se dessine en creux dans le Faustbuch , constitue en réalité une réponse de défense de la part de l’homme face à une type de théologie soucieuse de défendre l’intérêt absolu de Dieu. C’est dire que la légitimité de l’homme du début des Temps modernes est avant tout d’ordre anthropologique.
« Reciter l’homme » : les Essais , un tournant anthropologique
Authors: de Lajarte Philippe 
Published: June 2023

« Reciter l’homme » plutôt que le « former » : de ce choix fondateur qui, à une conception « verticale » de l’homme, substitue une conception « horizontale », on a cherché à déterminer les implications et leurs répercussions sur l’analyse que les Essais donnent de différents aspects du fait humain : le rapport entre le corps et l’esprit, les vertus et les vices, l’homme et l’animal, la nature et les coutumes, le statut, enfin attribué aux institutions que sont les lois et la religion.
Effect of Ayurveda water purification method on total dissolved solutes in water
Authors: Pruthi Zhillika , Kotekar Ajantha Shivaji , Saranya K 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Water is vital for life as the body uses water in all its cells and tissues to maintain vital functions. Hence, water used for drinking should be free from all types of impurities. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned various water purification methods by keeping it in different types of vessels (silver, copper, and clay) and by adding herbs such as Kataka Beeja (seeds Strychnos potatorum Linn.). With urbanization, there are changes in the lifestyle of individuals and their food habits. Therefore, based on the ease of availability of materials, storage of water needs to be analyzed by simple parameters such as total dissolved solutes (TDS) that comprises inorganic salts such as bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides and a small amount of organic matter that is dissolved in water. A high level of TDS indicates water is unfit for consumption and may lead to nausea, vomiting, dizziness, etc., TDS level indicates whether water is suitable for consumption or it requires filtration.

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the TDS of water kept for 24 h in different vessels made up of silver, copper, clay, plastic, and steel and further with the addition of different herbs like Kataka seeds, Tulsi leaves (Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn.), Nimba leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) separately in different vessels.

Materials and methods:
The effect of different materials used for storage of water was assessed by evaluating TDS in water samples with the help of a well-calibrated TDS meter, on stored water (100 ml) in different types of vessels (silver, copper, clay, plastic, and steel) and further with the addition of different herbs (10 g) Kataka seeds, Tulsi leaves and Nimba leaves individually and separately, by keeping undisturbed for 24 h.

Results:
TDS values of the water samples kept for 24 h in different vessels, i.e., silver, copper, plastic, steel, and clay are 372, 429, 436, 445, 628 ppm, respectively, were found.

Conclusion:
The silver vessel was found to be best in decreasing the TDS value of water among vessels. On evaluating additional effects by adding different herbs, Nimba showed its action best among the storage vessels.
Effect of Late Antenatal Booking on Maternal Anemia and Fetus Birth Weight on Parturients in Enugu, Nigeria: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Izuka EO , Obiora-Izuka CE , Asimadu EE , Enebe JT , Onyeabochukwu AD , Nwagha UI 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The benefits of antenatal care are maximized when women book early for care. However, despite these resounding benefits, women still book late, while others do not book at all, resulting in dire feto–maternal consequences.

Aim:
Determine the effect of late prenatal booking on maternal anemia and birth weight in babies of women who delivered in public health facilities in Enugu and deduce the reasons for booking late.

Patients and Methods:
A cross-sectional study of two groups of women (235 participants in each group) who delivered in 4 randomly selected hospitals in Enugu. Descriptive statistics were obtained for continuous variables, and frequency and percentages were used for categorical variables. Degree of associations was determined using the Chi-square, the student’s t-test, and 2 x 2 table.

Results:
The prevalence of anemia among women that booked late and early were (69.7%; n = 147) and (50.7%; n = 107) respectively. Women who booked late were two times more likely to have anemia than those who booked early (OR = odds ratio, p = p-value, CI = confidence interval,). Those who booked late were six times more likely to deliver low birth weight babies than those who booked early (OR = 5.934, 95% CI = 1.299–27.119, P = 0.022).

Conclusions:
Late prenatal booking is associated with a high prevalence of maternal anemia in labor, low mean maternal hemoglobin, and low birth weight compared to those of women who booked early and the reasons for booking late are multifactorial.
Sexual Function in Pregnancy in a Nigerian Population: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ugwu EO , Dim CC , Eleje GU 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Studies are abound from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on postpartum sexual dysfunction but very limited in pregnancy. The data will help clinicians in providing women with evidence-based information and counseling in these regards.

Aim:
To determine the effects of different trimesters of pregnancy on sexual functions and the possible risk factors for sexual dysfunction in pregnancy.

Patients and Methods:
The study was longitudinal in design, and study population consisted of 270 pregnant women attending antenatal care at the two largest tertiary hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria. The recruitment was in the first trimester, and each recruited participant served as her own control. Interviews were conducted at specific times in the three trimesters, and data regarding sexual functions were obtained using validated questionnaires. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the mean total and domain female sexual function index (FSFI) scores between the three trimesters, and Bonferroni’s test for significant association between any two trimesters as may be applicable. The risk factors were determined via multivariate logistic regression analysis. A P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The FSFI means total score decreased as pregnancy advanced. It was significantly lower in second trimester (T2) than in first trimester (T1) (P < 0.001), and significantly lower in third trimester (T3) than T1 (P < 0.001), but no difference between T3 and T2 (P = 0.759). Similarly, the mean frequency of coitus per week declined across the trimesters; lower in T2 than T1 (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 0.6; P < 0.01), and lower in T3 than T1, but no difference between T3 and T2. The overall rate of sexual dysfunction was 50.7% and the risk factors age ≥35 years (AdjOR: 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1–1.9; P: 0.01), multiparity (AdjOR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2–2.5; P: 0.013) and a previous history of cesarean section (AdjOR: 2.1; 95%CI: 1.7–2.6; P: 0.004).

Conclusion:
Sexual function declines as pregnancy advances and the rate of sexual dysfunction is high in Enugu, Nigeria. Obstetricians are encouraged to discuss sexual health issues during antenatal care services and make more efforts towards reducing the modifying obstetric risk factors.
Experience and Perceptions of Nigerian Undergraduate Dental Students to Virtual Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Otuyemi OD , Jebose OJ 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
COVID-19 outbreak impacted negatively on teaching globally with traditional face-to-face teaching mostly affected.

Aim:
This study evaluated the experiences and perceptions of Nigerian undergraduate dental students to virtual learning (VL) including perceived institutional challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional survey of 346 dental students from all 13 Nigerian dental schools. Data collection was done using an open/close-ended online questionnaire.

Results:
The level of awareness and understanding of dental students to virtual learning was high (93.6%) and good (84.7%), respectively. About two-thirds (62.4%) of the students had a virtual learning classroom experience before the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical students spent more time on the Internet and reported more confidence in the use of VL platforms than their pre-clinical counterparts during the lockdown (p < 0.05). More male students than their female counterparts felt that VL had less quality than traditional classroom teaching (p < 0.05). Similarly, male students showed more confidence in the use of VL online tools (p < 0.05). Institutional and self-perceived preparedness to VL was ranked low and moderate by the students, respectively. The high cost of data subscriptions, unstable Internet connectivity, and lack of other institutional facilities were perceived as challenges to effective VL by students. None of the identified variables predict effective VL.

Conclusions:
Experiences of dental students and their preparedness to VL were moderate. The high cost of Internet subscriptions, unstable Internet connectivity, and low institutional facilities were major challenges to students’ VL. None of the socio-demographic factors could successfully predict effective VL.
Comparison between Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients Admitted with Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Illness in the First and Second Wave of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India
Authors: Verma I , Gowda A , Prabhu D , Kulkarni A , Kumar A 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
SARS-coronavirus-2 has caused large number of infections globally. The infections have presented in a wave form in most of the countries. There have been differences in the clinical presentation, course, and the outcomes in the different waves.

Aim:
This study describes the clinical features and course of the patients admitted with COVID-19 illness between the first and second wave of COVID-19 in a tertiary care center in South India.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study where case record analysis of the patients admitted with moderate and severe COVID-19 illness in a tertiary care center in South India was performed. Patients admitted between August 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020, were considered to be affected in the first wave and those admitted between April 30, 2021, and July 30, 2021, were considered to be in the second wave of COVID-19. First wave and second wave periods were determined by a steep surge in infections in India as per the epidemiological data. The symptoms, comorbidities, clinical profile, severity, laboratory parameters, need for assisted ventilation, medications used, and outcome were compared between the two-time frames.

Results:
A total of 123 patients’ data were analyzed in each wave. 72 (58%) patients had fever, while 64 (52%) patients had fever in COVID second wave. In the first wave, five (4%) patients had diarrhea, and four (3.2%) patients had vomiting, whereas in second wave, 43 (34%) patients had diarrhea, and 25 (20 percent) patients had vomiting (P < 0.001). It was seen in the present study that more number of patients in the age group of 31 to 40 years had more serious illness and adverse outcomes in second wave compared with patients in first wave where age group of 51-60 years was more seriously affected. In COVID first wave, 80 (65.0%) were having moderate COVID-19 illness and 43 (35%) had severe illness. In the second wave, 70 (57%) had moderate illness and 53 (43%) patients had severe illness. In the first wave, 31 patients (25%) required non-invasive ventilation (NIV), whereas 79 patients (64%) required NIV in second wave (P < 0.001). First wave resulted in 12 (9.7%) deaths, whereas second wave resulted in 20 (16.2%) deaths.

Conclusion:
The patients with COVID-19 illness in the second wave presented with more non-respiratory symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, and joint pains. The patients who had severe illness in the second wave were comparatively younger than the patients of the first wave. The requirement of ventilatory support and immunosuppressants was more in the second wave.
Can Peripheral Blood Systemic Immune Response Parameters Predict Oncological Outcomes in Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer?
Authors: Çaglayan A , Horsanali MO. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Many studies have investigated most cancer types - associations with systemic inflammatory response (SIR) parameters.

Aim:
This study investigated predictive values of SIR parameters in oncological outcomes and survival – to primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed 74 primary NMIBC patients. Clinical features, laboratory results, and tumor characteristics were recorded. In addition, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serum C-reactive protein, albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and modified Glasgow prognostic scores (mGPS) were calculated.

Results:
The - mean age of the patients was - 67.41 ± 11.31 years, and the follow-up duration was 38.77 ± 19.53 months. We – found no significant NLR, CRP, and AGR – correlations with tumor characteristics and oncological outcomes. There were significant – correlations between MLR and pathological-T-stage and the PLR, pathological-T-stage, and tumor count. Carcinoma in situ was associated with a high mGPS. Multivariate analysis revealed no significant – correlations between systemic inflammatory response parameters and oncological outcomes. Patients with a high mGPS had poor cancer-specific survival. Increased NLR was associated with reduced overall survival.

Conclusions:
This study revealed no significant correlation between SIR parameters and oncological outcomes. Therefore, we need more reliable indicators than SIR parameters in NMIBC patients in clinical practice.
IMPACTO DA DOENÇA RENAL CRÓNICA EM ADOLESCENTE SUBMETIDA AO TRATAMENTO DE HEMODIÁLISE NO HOSPITAL DR. WALTER STRANGWAY
Authors: Chitoma Domingos Angelino , Rodrino Vionga Anacleta Violeta , Manuel Lote , Da Costa Afonso Arlindo 
Published: June 2023

Com o objectivo de avaliar o impacto do tratamento por hemodiálise a uma adolescente, foi realizado um estudo no Hospital DR. Walter Strangway na província do Bié, Angola, em que foi avaliado o impacto do tratamento por meio de uma entrevista semi extruturada dirigida à adolescente e seus familiares e o processo de internamento, diagnosticada com Insuficiência Renal Crónica (IRC). O estudo teve um carácter exploratório descritivo, com uma abordagem qualitativa. A adolescente de 14 anos de idade, do sexo feminino, raça negra, foi encaminhada ao Hospital Provincial, com um estado aparentemente sã há um ano, data em que teve início de um quadro clínico caracterizado por diminuição do débito urinário, dispneia, astenia geral, anorexia, fadiga, cefaleia intensa. Após uma avaliação médica, decidiu-se a realização de exames complementares como ureia, creatinina, ecocardiograma e ecografia, foi diagnosticada com IRC. O estudo evidenciou que a Insuficiência Renal Crónica (IRC) afectou a sua rotina alimentar, assim como hídrica, e foi preciso ser readequada após o início do tratamento; a produtividade também diminuiu, pois, ela não pode mais realizar o trabalho que desenvolvia por não poder esforçar-se, devido à necessidade de cuidados com o cateter de longa duração, além de sentir cansaço e fraqueza após as sessões de hemodiálise. Conclui-se que as modificações que ocorrem na vida da adolescente em tratamento hemodialítico vão além das alterações físicas, ela apresenta prejuízo emocional e psicossocial que interfere directamente na sua qualidade de vida, facto este que pode comprometer a continuidade do tratamento.