bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fossil Mahogany from the Early Paleogene of India
Authors: Chandra Kajal , Shukla Anumeha , Mehrotra R.C. , Bansal Mahi , Prasad Vandana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Meliaceae is an important angiosperm family having floristic and ecological significance in major biomes, especially in tropical rainforests. Well preserved leaflet and pollen comparable to the extant genus Swietenia of the Meliaceae from the late Paleocene-early Eocene sedimentary horizon of the Gurha lignite mine, Rajasthan (western India) are described. The genus Swietenia (usually called mahogany) has scarce and fragmentary fossil records, and its evolutionary and paleobiogeographic history is partly understood. The fossil leaflet is characterized by an asymmetrical microphyll-sized lamina with an entire margin, festooned brochidodromous venation, mainly mixed percurrent tertiary and freely ramified quaternary veins, whereas the fossil pollen grains have a tetra-colporate aperture, relatively short colpi, alolongate pore, and a thick and laevigate exine with pitted to psilate ornamentation. These early Paleogene fossils are the oldest known fossil records of the genus Swietenia and add a new perspective to its paleobiogeographic distribution in Southeast Asia during the early Paleogene and this study would encourage future research endeavors to elucidate the evolution and diversification of the economically important group encompassing the genus Swietenia.
Heat effects on clay-bearing building sandstone
Authors: Franzen Christoph , Krause Dana , Siedel Heiner , Ullrich Bernd 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDamages due to fire occurred on many monuments and affected building sandstones. Changes in technical properties of heated sandstones are caused by changes in their structure and mineralogy. Therefore, a better knowledge of the changing processes in grain size scale is crucial to understand and assess property changes. The study presents results for the Cotta type Elbe Sandstone, a clay-bearing sandstone that is a widespread material for construction and sculpting. Uniaxial compressive strength and ultrasonic wave velocity as well as changes in colour, structures and mineralogical phases were determined for samples treated at temperatures of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 1250 °C and compared to the untreated material. The results show that minor clay components in the sandstone pores determine the uniaxial compressive strength in dependence of temperature and dry or wet state. Uniaxial compressive strength does not show a decrease even at high temperatures, whereas ultrasonic wave velocity is decreasing continuously with higher temperatures as for many other sandstones. The differing mechanical behaviour of the clay-bearing sandstone can be explained by the phase changes of kaolinite in the pore cement.
Contextualist model evaluation: models in financial economics and index funds
Authors: Vergara-Fernández Melissa , Heilmann Conrad , Szymanowska Marta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhilosophers of science typically focus on the epistemic performance of scientific models when evaluating them. Analysing the effects that models may have on the world has typically been the purview of sociologists of science. We argue that the reactive (or “performative”) effects of models should also figure in model evaluations by philosophers of science. We provide a detailed analysis of how models in financial economics created the impetus for the growing importance of the phenomenon of “passive investing” in financial markets. Considering this case motivates the position that we call contextualism about model evaluation, or model contextualism for short. Model contextualism encompasses standard analyses of the epistemic performance of the model, but also includes their reactive aspects. It entails identifying the epistemic and contextual import of the model, the ways in which a model can engender change in the world (which we call the channels of transmission), and the interactions between the epistemic and reactive import of a model.
Pursuitworthiness in the scheme of futures
Authors: Virmajoki Veli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that analyzing pursuitworthiness in science requires that we study possible futures of science. The merits of different criteria of pursuitworthiness need to be assessed against scenarios of the future of science. Different criteria recognize and ignore different scenarios. As a consequence, different criteria enable us to manage different future possibilities. While it might be impossible to predict the future of science, there are still many interesting things we can say about the possible futures of science. We can construct scenarios of the future of science on the basis of philosophical accounts of science. I point out that the topic of pursuitworthiness is not the only topic that can be approached by connecting philosophy of science with the construction of scenarios.
Comparison of coupled chemical pretreatment and mechanical refining of spruce sawdust: fiber network properties and initial production of lignin-bonded biocomposites
Authors: Hofbauer Cornelia , Serna-Loaiza Sebastian , Windisch Irmgard , Scolari Luisa , Koyun Ayse Nur , Zelaya-Lainez Luis , Füssl Josef , Grothe Hinrich , Hirn Ulrich , Friedl Anton , Harasek Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAround 50% of sawn wood remains as a by-product during the processing into timber. A large part of these by-products consists of sawdust, which still contains a lot of intact fibers and would have great potential to be used for biocomposite materials. This study investigates the influence of different pretreatments on spruce sawdust in a two-step process, where chemical pretreatments like liquid hot water (LHW), organosolv (OS), and alkali (NaOH) are coupled with a mechanical pretreatment (refining). The idea is to customize a suitable fibrous material for creating a biocomposite with a natural binder as lignin instead of synthetic binders. The first part of the study focused on comparing the different chemical pretreatments and the influence of the refining time. Each chemical pretreatment resulted in a different partially solubilized lignocellulosic matrix profile, making the matrix’s fibers less or more accessible. In the second step, the material was treated in a refiner to fibrillate the embedded fibers, enhancing the flexibility and bonding properties. Paper sheets were produced to evaluate the mechanical properties of the obtained fibrous materials. Based on the results, the most promising material was selected for further investigation. The second part of the study focused on the initial testing of the produced fibrous materials as composites. First, the fibers produced in the first part were impregnated with lignin, forming composite bars through hot-compression molding. Finally, the tensile strength of the composites was determined. Especially with higher pretreatment temperatures and longer refining times, several promising combinations could be found for the two-step process.
Biomass stemmed activated carbon electrodes toward a significant electric double-layer capacitor
Authors: Singh Abhimanyu , Nath Gaurav , Dhapola Pawan Singh , Kumar Sushant , Sharma Tejas , Soo Yee Hang , Jun H. K. , Singh Pramod K. , Kakroo Sunanda , Farid Aalia , Khan Marium , Savilov Serguei V. , Yahya M. Z. A. , Joshi Bhawana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe primary goal of the current study is to improve the specific capacitance of electric double-layer (EDLC) device using biomass (Tribulus Terrestris) derived activated carbon electrodes synthesized by chemical activation method. Furthermore, high surface area carbon electrodes are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to confirm the morphological structure. Finally, the electrochemical performance of fabricated EDLC proves a good agreement data using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Low Impedance Spectroscopy (LIS), and Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) analysis showing the high specific capacitance of 115 Fg−1 for the optimized 1:2 activated carbon material.
Pattern formation in Vlasov–Poisson plasmas beyond Landau caused by the continuous spectra of electron and ion hole equilibria
Authors: Schamel Hans 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis review presents an upgraded wave theory adapted to the high fluctuation level of driven realistic, i.e., non-idealized plasmas. Based on the author’s early publication (H. Schamel, Plasma Phys. 14 (1972) 905) and supported by recent Vlasov–Poisson (VP) simulations, an extended theoretical framework is presented which not only covers the essential features of coherent hole structures, but which also enables to make the necessary corrections to the current wave theory. A linear stability analysis for single harmonic waves that successfully incorporates trapped particle effects (in contrast to previous analyses) shows an unconditional marginal stability independent of the drift between electrons and ions, which irrevocably contradicts Landau’s theory. Moreover, holes of negative energy are of particular interest because they act as attractors in the dynamic system. They are the source for the release of further modes and thus increase the level of intermittent turbulence. In summary, pattern formation in collision-free plasmas is inherently nonlinear, kinetic, and extremely diverse. However, to have a satisfactory, if not yet complete understanding of its processes, a twofold paradigm shift is imperative: one from the conventional linear, discrete wave models to the nonlinear wave models dealing with continuous spectra due to trapping and a second from the BGK to the present method for the correct handling of equilibria.
Multivariate curve resolution for kinetic modeling and scale-up prediction
Authors: Schulz Lisa , Stähle Philipp , Reining Sven , Sawall Mathias , Kockmann Norbert , Röder Thorsten 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An imine synthesis was investigated in a nearly isothermal oscillating segmented flow microreactor at different temperatures using non-invasive Raman spectroscopy. Multivariate curve resolution provided a calibration-free approach for obtaining kinetic parameters. The two different multivariate curve resolution approaches, soft and hard modeling, were applied and contrasted, leading to similar results. Taking heat and mass balance into account, the proposed kinetic model was applied for a model-based scale-up prediction. Finally, the reaction was performed in a 0.5 L semi-batch reactor, followed by in-line Raman spectroscopy and off-line gas chromatography analysis. The successful scale-up was demonstrated with a good agreement between measured and predicted concentration profiles.

Highlights
• Oscillation segmented flow reactor with inline Raman spectroscopy.
• Multivariate Curve Resolution with hard and soft constraints.
• High quality kinetic model for scale-up predictions.
Graphical abstract
Targeted isolation of antitubercular cycloheptapeptides and an unusual pyrroloindoline-containing new analog, asperpyrroindotide A, using LC–MS/MS-based molecular networking
Authors: Han Yi-Qian , Zhang Qun , Xu Wei-Feng , Hai Yang , Chao Rong , Wang Cui-Fang , Hou Xue-Mei , Wei Mei-Yan , Gu Yu-Cheng , Wang Chang-Yun , Shao Chang-Lun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFurther insights on the secondary metabolites of a soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking led to the isolation of seven known cycloheptapeptides, namely, asperversiamides A–C (1–3) and asperheptatides A–D (4–7) and an unusual pyrroloindoline-containing new cycloheptapeptide, asperpyrroindotide A (8). The structure of 8 was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, and its absolute configuration was determined by advanced Marfey’s method. The semisynthetic transformation of 1 into 8 was successfully achieved and the reaction conditions were optimized. Additionally, a series of new derivatives (10−19) of asperversiamide A (1) was semi-synthesized and their anti-tubercular activities were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. The preliminary structure−activity relationships revealed that the serine hydroxy groups and the tryptophan residue are important to the activity.
The methodological incompatibility between an innate grammar and a bottom-up approach
Authors: Xie Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor Universal Grammar (UG), the identification of substantial universals seems unprincipled, because it is indeterminable, with solely bottom-up assumptions, whether a category advanced in UG is entailed by the notion of innateness, or on that basis, what sufficiently evidences its presence. Unable to constrain the theorization of UG, innateness only seems to be inexplicable, that is, it must be questioned how UG is framed within an innate blueprint. I contend that bottom-up assumptions hardly create an innate universal grammar. A theory resulting from bottom-up assumptions is contingent whereas UG must be a promise that the hypothetical Language Faculty (LF) is epistemologically unique (necessary truth). From bottom up, the identity of a linguistic item always points to multiple possibilities and is ad hoc, as no one has real access to the way that a linguistic item naturally exists in LF. Therefore, unless the principle(s) of how categories are recognised and organised in the LF can be genuinely set out for UG, so that its categorisation inputs all linguistic items methodically and outputs their identities uniquely, the putative substantial inventory of UG is unlikely to be complete and systematic: categories in it are merely opportunistically thrown up on random grounds.
Circular and Networked Bioeconomies for Net-Zero Food Production: There is Nothing Magic About Circles
Authors: Tait Joyce , Raybould Alan , Flight Monica Hoyos , McGoohan Amy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract Future food production will need to deliver a healthy diet to a growing world population whilst also contributing to policy objectives such as achieving Net Zero emissions and addressing biodiversity loss. This article looks at circular economy solutions to this challenge, comparing McArthur Foundation and other approaches to both the circular material economy (e.g. focusing on steel, plastics, aluminium, and cement) and the circular bioeconomy (operating in sectors that include agriculture, food production and industrial biotechnology). A case study based on salmon farming in Scotland considers the roles of innovation from a range of technology sectors in contributing to these objectives. The concept of circularity, and the closed-loop thinking that it encourages, could attract attention towards less optimal production options just because they can be accommodated within a circular model. A ‘networked bioeconomy’ model, guided by cascading principles and fast-tracked using innovative technologies, may be more powerful than one based on rigid closed-loop circularity, in enabling policy makers and producers to understand how they can best contribute both to the conservation of biodiversity and to mitigating climate change.
A Kastler–Kalau–Walze Type Theorem for the J-Twist $$D_{J}$$ of the Dirac Operator
Authors: Liu Siyao , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we give a Lichnerowicz type formula for the J-twist $$D_{J}$$

D
J

of the Dirac operator. And we prove a Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorem for the J-twist $$D_{J}$$

D
J

of the Dirac operator on three-dimensional and four-dimensional almost product Riemannian spin manifold with boundary.
Modulation of sediment load recovery downstream of Three Gorges Dam in the Yangtze River
Authors: Zhu Chunyan , Zhang Yuning , van Maren Dirk Sebastiaan , Xie Weiming , Guo Leicheng , Wang Xianye , He Qing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe sediment load in the Yangtze River downstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has substantially declined in recent decades. The decrease is more profound below the TGD, e.g., a 97% decrease at Yichang, compared with that at the delta apex, 1200 km downstream, e.g., a 75% decrease, implying along-river sediment recovery. Two large river-connected lakes, i.e., Dongting and Poyang Lakes, may play a role in the re-establishment of the river’s morphodynamic equilibrium, but a quantitative data-based understanding of this interaction is not yet available. In this work, we collected a series of field data to quantify the sediment gain and loss in the river-lake system in the middle-lower Yangtze River, and evaluate the lake’s response to the reduction in riverine sediment supply. We find that Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake shifted from net sedimentation to erosion in 2006 and 2000, and back to a sedimentation regime again after 2017 and 2018, respectively. Natural morphodynamic adaptation and sand mining play an important role in the regime changes in the Dongting Lake whereas sand mining dominates the abrupt changes in the Poyang Lake. The Dongting and Poyang Lake contributed maximum by 38% (2015) and 17% (2006) (respectively) to the sediment recovery in the erosion regime, whereas the riverbed erosion dominates the main sediment source. These changes in the relative contribution of sediment sources also indicates a response time of ~ 20 years in the lakes towards a new equilibrium state. It is noteworthy that the lakes’ buffer effects may be overestimated as the supplied sediment from the lakes is rather small compared to the significant dam trapping in the upstream basin and sediment source from downstream degradation. The results imply that river management and restoration should take into account of the river-lake interactions and feedback impact at decadal time scales.
Technical Reports: Methods—The Application of Temperature and Light Intensity as Intermittency Sensors in a Temporary Pond
Authors: Campbell Gavin R. , Hyslop Eric J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs climate change progresses, hydrological regimes of temporary and perennial water bodies are projected to change, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Researchers have successfully employed the use of satellite imagery, camera traps and site visits to map these changes in hydrological regimes. Data loggers of conductivity have also been used in mapping hydrological regimes, but the use of data loggers of temperature and light intensity is uncommon. Using validated data of 213 days of the aquatic and terrestrial phases of a temporary pond, we show that metrics of temperature and light intensity can be used to discern hydrological state. The aquatic phase had lower measures of both parameters when compared to the terrestrial phase. This was attributed to the high specific heat of the aquatic environment and the absorption and redirection of light in water. The most powerful metrics in discerning hydrological state were diel temperature range, diel maximum temperature and light intensity standard deviation. Greater distinctive power was obtained through the use of multiple metrics of the parameters. In addition, key events such as flooding and drying were identifiable within metrics of both parameters. High‐resolution temperature and light intensity data are able to aid in understanding the dynamics of hydrological state and can be used to monitor ecosystem functions amid changes in temporary and perennial water bodies.
Simulating Debris Flow and Levee Formation in the 2D Shallow Flow Model D‐Claw: Channelized and Unconfined Flow
Authors: Jones Ryan P. , Rengers Francis K. , Barnhart Katherine R. , George David L. , Staley Dennis M. , Kean Jason W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDebris flow runout poses a hazard to life and infrastructure. The expansion of human population into mountainous areas and onto alluvial fans increases the need to predict and mitigate debris flow runout hazards. Debris flows on unconfined alluvial fans can exhibit spontaneous self‐channelization through levee formation that reduces lateral spreading and extends runout distances compared to unchannelized flows. Here we modify the D‐Claw shallow flow model in two ways that are hypothesized to generate levees. We evaluate these modifications with observations from a large‐scale flume experiment. We investigate model performance when including the effect of two different friction sub‐models, as well as the inclusion of segregation effects on granular permeability. Results show that, for a wide range of plausible model input parameters, simulations including the effects of segregation promoted modeled levee formation, whereas simulations without the effects of segregation did not create levees. Further, using a forward predictive framework, simulations with the effects of segregation were more likely to better model the magnitude of debris flow depth and runout distance, whereas simulation timing of the debris flow was affected by the choice of friction sub‐model. Our results indicate that including the effects of segregation on granular permeability can improve the likelihood of better predictions of debris flow depth and runout prior to an event occurring.
Colder Eastern Equatorial Pacific and Stronger Walker Circulation in the Early 21st Century: Separating the Forced Response to Global Warming From Natural Variability
Authors: Heede Ulla K. , Fedorov Alexey V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the early 1990s the Pacific Walker circulation shows a multi‐decadal strengthening, which contradicts future model projections. Whether this trend, evident in many climate indices especially before the 2015 El Niño, reflects the coupled ocean‐atmosphere response to global warming or the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) remains debated. Here we show that sea surface temperature trends during 1980–2020 are dominated by three signals: a spatially uniform warming trend, a negative PDO pattern, and a Northern Hemisphere‐Indo‐West Pacific warming pattern. The latter pattern, which closely resembles the transient ocean thermostat‐like response to global warming emerging in a subset of CMIP6 models, shows cooling in the central‐eastern equatorial Pacific but warming in the western Pacific and tropical Indian Ocean. Together with the PDO, this pattern drives the Walker circulation strengthening in the equatorial band. Historical simulations appear to underestimate this pattern, contributing to the models' inability to replicate the Walker cell strengthening.
Midwinter Dry Spells Amplify Post‐Fire Snowpack Decline
Authors: Hatchett Benjamin J. , Koshkin Arielle L. , Guirguis Kristen , Rittger Karl , Nolin Anne W. , Heggli Anne , Rhoades Alan M. , East Amy E. , Siirila‐Woodburn Erica R. , Brandt W. Tyler , Gershunov Alexander , Haleakala Kayden 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIncreasing wildfire and declining snowpacks in mountain regions threaten water availability. We combine satellite‐based fire detections with snow seasonality classifications to examine fire activity in California's seasonal and ephemeral snow zones. We find a nearly tenfold increase in fire activity during 2020–2021 versus 2001–2019. Accumulation season broadband snow albedo declined 25%–71% at two burned sites (2021 and 2022) according to in‐situ data relative to un‐burned conditions, with greater declines associated with increased burn severity. By enhancing snowpack susceptibility to melt, both decreased snow albedo and canopy drove midwinter melt during a multi‐week dry spell in 2022. Despite similar meteorological conditions in December–February 2013 and 2022–linked to persistent high pressure weather regimes–minimal melt occurred in 2013. Post‐fire snowpack differences are confirmed with satellite measurements. With growing geographical overlap between wildfire and snow, our findings suggest California's snowpack is increasingly vulnerable to the compounding effects of dry spells and wildfire.