bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of ADHD and Other Common Mental Disorders Influence Academic Success in South African Undergraduates
Authors: Mohamad Nawal , Rousseau Kim-Louise , Dowlut Fatimah , Gering Milton , Thomas Kevin G. F. 
Published: January 2025

Objective: ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent among university students. These symptoms, particularly the inattentive cluster, predispose students to poorer academic performance and worse academic adjustment. Moreover, ADHD symptoms are often comorbid with other common mental disorders; this comorbidity also leads to poor outcomes. South African students often have fewer resources to successfully transition to university. Hence, our longitudinal study used data from a sample of South African first-year undergraduate students to investigate (a) associations between ADHD symptoms and academic performance/adjustment, (b) separate influences of the inattentive and hyperactivity-impulsivity clusters on academic performance/adjustment, and (c) the influence of the combination of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities on academic performance/adjustment. Method: We collected data three times through the first semester of 2023. Predictors within our regression models included sociodemographic variables, psychological variables (self-reported symptoms of ADHD, depression, anxiety, and risky alcohol use), and high school academic performance. Outcomes were first-semester GPA and self-reported academic adjustment (magnitude of change across the semester and overall adjustment at the end of the semester). Results: Analyses showed that, unlike academic performance ( N = 506), magnitude of change in academic adjustment ( N = 180) was significantly predicted by ADHD symptoms and the combination of ADHD ( p = .02), depression ( p < .001), and anxiety symptoms ( p = .01). Inattentive ADHD symptoms predicted both academic performance and magnitude of change in academic adjustment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the presence of ADHD symptoms (both with and without other common mental disorders) is associated with a smaller magnitude of academic adjustment, and that the presence of inattentive symptoms of ADHD is associated with both poorer academic performance and smaller magnitude of academic adjustment. These findings are significant in informing future interventions targeting the academic outcomes of first-year university students.
Impact of mitomycin C on surgical outcomes of PAUL glaucoma implant in neovascular glaucoma: 12-month follow-up results
Authors: Olgun Ali , Karapapak Murat 
Published: January 2025

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of the PAUL Glaucoma Implant (PGI) and the adjunctive impact of intraoperative Mitomycin C (MMC) on surgical outcomes in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Methods This retrospective, comparative study included NVG patients who underwent PGI implantation. The cohort was divided into two groups: Group 1 (PGI without MMC) and Group 2 (PGI with MMC). Inclusion criteria encompassed a minimum 12-month postoperative follow-up and preoperative light perception. Surgical success was defined as maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6–21 mmHg without additional surgical intervention from the third month to the end of the 12-month follow-up. Failure due to hypotony was defined as an IOP ≤5 mmHg. Results The study enrolled a total of eighty-one patients, with 40 patients in Group 1 and 41 in Group 2. There were no significant differences in the demographic data and baseline ocular characteristics between the groups. Group 1 required more medications at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (p < 0.05 for all). Surgical success rates at 12 months were 85% for Group 1 and 87.8% for Group 2, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.140). Group 2 demonstrated a lower frequency of additional glaucoma procedures (p = 0.003) and delayed ripcord suture removal (p = 0.0001). Conclusions Incorporating MMC as an adjunct to PGI implantation may improve IOP control and decrease the requirement for additional medications and surgical interventions in NVG patients. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the surgical success criterion.
Whole body CT-scan vs. selective CT-scan in geriatric trauma: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Patrick , Elkington Olivia , Stevens Sean 
Published: January 2025

Introduction Geriatric trauma is a burgeoning public health problem. In Australia and New Zealand, there has been a 21% increase in geriatric major trauma presentations over the past 4 years, with persons over 65 year-of-age now accounting for almost one third of all severely injured patients. Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) is often used in the emergency department to assess patients for traumatic injuries. Recent studies have suggested more selective use of WBCTs for trauma patients, but the benefit of WBCTs in older persons is undefined. This systematic review aims to identify whether geriatric trauma patients that underwent WBCT have different outcomes compared to those that have selective CT-scans. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE according to the PRISMA guidelines for studies about imaging in geriatric trauma from 1946 to June 2023. Outcomes of patients that had WBCT were compared with those that had selective CT scans on presentation. Results Five publications including 14,908 geriatric trauma patients were reviewed for analysis. Analysis of mortality showed that WBCTs are not significantly associated with a reduced risk of mortality (OR: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46–1.67, p = 0.69). Analysis of hospital length of stay showed that patients investigated with WBCTs had no significant difference to patients that had selective CT scans (MD: −0.39, 95% CI −1.09 to 0.30, p = 0.27). WBCTs also are not associated with a higher likelihood of being discharged home (OR: 1.05, 95% CI 0.56–1.98, p = 0.87). Conclusion WBCTs are not associated with reduced mortality, reduced hospital or ICU LOS or discharge destination in geriatric trauma when compared to selective CT-scans. There is presently insufficient evidence to support a routine approach of WBCT in the assessment of geriatric trauma patients.
Effects of blood pressure lowering in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Yun Jaeseob , Kim Kwang Hyun , Jung Jae Wook , Kim Young Dae , Heo JoonNyung , Lee Hyungwoo , Choi Jin Kyo , Lim In Hwan , Hong Soon-Ho , Kim Byung Moon , Kim Dong Joon , Shin Na Young , Cho Bang-Hoon , Ahn Seong Hwan , Park Hyungjong , Sohn Sung-Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Song Tae-Jin , Chang Yoonkyung , Kim Gyu Sik , Seo Kwon-Duk , Lee Kijeong , Chang Jun Young , Seo Jung Hwa , Lee Sukyoon , Baek Jang-Hyun , Cho Han-Jin , Shin Dong Hoon , Kim Jinkwon , Yoo Joonsang , Baik Minyoul , Lee Kyung-Yul , Jung Yo Han , Hwang Yang-Ha , Kim Chi Kyung , Kim Jae Guk , Lee Chan Joo , Park Sungha , Jeon Soyoung , Lee Hye Sun , Kwon Sun U , Lee Il Hyung , Bang Oh Young , Heo Ji Hoe , Nam Hyo Suk 
Published: January 2025

Background: The effects of blood pressure (BP) lowering in patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) before endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) are unclear. Aims: This study aims to investigate whether intensive and conventional BP management affects outcomes differently, depending on IV tPA administration before EVT. Methods: In this subgroup analysis of the Outcome in Patients Treated with Intra-Arterial Thrombectomy–Optimal Blood Pressure Control (OPTIMAL-BP; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04205305) trial, patients were divided into groups based on IV tPA use before EVT. Clinical outcomes of intensive (systolic BP target < 140 mm Hg) or conventional BP management (systolic BP target 140–180 mm Hg) were compared among groups. The primary efficacy outcome was a favorable outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2). Primary safety outcomes included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) within 36 h and stroke-related death within 3 months. Results: Among the 302 patients, the IV tPA group included 98 (32.5%) and the non-IV tPA group comprised 204 subjects (67.5%). In the IV tPA group, intensive BP management significantly lowered the favorable outcome rate (intensive, 27.3% vs. conventional, 51.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.93; p = 0.04). In the non-IV tPA group, the risk difference rate of favorable outcome was not significantly different between intensive and conventional BP management (44.1% vs. 55.9%; aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.31–1.22; p = 0.17). Notably, the proportion of malignant cerebral edema within 36 h in the IV tPA group was significantly higher in the intensive management group (18.2%) than in the conventional management group (1.9%; aOR, 10.72; 95% CI, 1.24–92.29; p = 0.03). sICH and mortality rates were not significantly different between intensive and conventional BP management in either study groups. Conclusions: Intensive BP management worsens 3-month functional outcomes after successful EVT without reducing sICH among patients who received IV tPA before EVT, indicating that BP lowering in this population should be cautious.
Metabolic pathways of eicosanoids—derivatives of arachidonic acid and their significance in skin
Authors: Biernacki Michał , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The skin is a barrier that protects the human body against environmental factors (physical, including solar radiation, chemicals, and pathogens). The integrity and, consequently, the effective metabolic activity of skin cells is ensured by the cell membrane, the important structural and metabolic elements of which are phospholipids. Phospholipids are subject to continuous transformation, including enzymatic hydrolysis (with the participation of phospholipases A, C, and D) to free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which under the influence of cyclooxygenases (COX1/2), lipoxygenases (LOXs), and cytochrome P450 (CYPs P450) are metabolized to various classes of oxylipins, depending on the type of PUFA being metabolized and the enzyme acting. The most frequently analyzed oxylipins, especially in skin cells, are eicosanoids, which are derivatives of arachidonic acid (AA). Their level depends on both environmental factors and endogenous metabolic disorders. However, they play an important role in homeostasis mechanisms related to the structural and functional integrity of the skin, including maintaining redox balance, as well as regulating inflammatory processes arising in response to endogenous and exogenous factors reaching skin cells. Therefore, it is believed that dysregulation of eicosanoid levels may contribute to the development of skin diseases, such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, which in turn suggests that targeted control of the generation of specific eicosanoids may have diagnostic significance and beneficial therapeutic effects. This review is the first systemic and very detailed approach presenting both the causes and consequences of changes in phospholipid metabolism leading to the generation of eicosanoids, changes in the level of which result in specific metabolic disorders in skin cells leading to the development of various diseases. At the same time, existing literature data indicate that further detailed research is necessary to understand a clear relationship between changes in the level of specific eicosanoids and the pathomechanisms of specific skin diseases, as well as to develop an effective diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
Childhood cancer and parental mental health: role of disease severity, socioeconomic status, and social dynamics
Authors: Ibrahim Hawkar , Ismail Azad Ali , Rahim Narin Ahmed , Iffland Benjamin , Neuner Frank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The impact of childhood cancer extends beyond the affected child, significantly influencing the mental health of their families. Since research in psycho-oncology has been carried out almost exclusively in high-income countries, little is known about the impact of childhood cancer on the family level in low- and middle income countries (LMICs). This is a notable gap in the evidence-base, as many LMICs are collectivist cultures, where social and family networks are crucial elements of health care.

Methods
This prospective, cross-sectional study examined the mental health of 307 Kurdish parents of children undergoing cancer treatment in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Data were collected through structured interviews at two major oncology hospitals in the KRI, utilizing standardized instruments to assess mental health symptoms, socioeconomic status, and social constraints. The study focused on understanding the effects of socioeconomic challenges, disease severity, and social support limitations on parental mental health.

Results
Significant mental health challenges were observed among parents, with mothers experiencing higher symptom levels than fathers. Lower socioeconomic status was linked to poorer parental mental health. Additionally, parents of children with more severe cancer and those reporting their child’s reduced engagement in daily activities experienced heightened mental health symptoms. Social constraints on expressing feelings about the child’s illness further intensified parental stress, underscoring the cumulative impact of economic strain, disease severity, and limited social support on parental mental health.

Conclusions
The study highlights the intricate relationship between socioeconomic factors, the disease severity of the child, and social dynamics in shaping parental mental health in the context of pediatric cancer. Psychosocial interventions that target these specific stressors may aid in better supporting families, particularly those in low-resource settings.
Potentially probiotic NPL 1334 strain of Enterococcus durans benefits rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Rashid Hannan , Anwar Haseeb , Baig Fakhir Mehmood , Mukhtar Imran , Muhammad Tariq , Zaidi Arsalan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To study the potential of a candidate probiotic strain belonging to the Enterococcus durans species in alleviating hypercholesterolemia and improving the microbial milieu of rat gut.

Methods
A previously isolated and characterized E. durans strain NPL 1334 was further screened in vitro for its bile salt hydrolyzation and cholesterol assimilation ability. An in vivo trial using diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats was conducted to evaluate the effects of the administered test probiotic strain on the animal’s blood biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipopolysaccharides (HDL), low-density lipopolysaccharides (LDL), triglycerides (TG), on body weight, oxidative stress markers, and its impact on intestinal and fecal microbiota as well as a histopathological examination of the test animal’s livers.

Results

E. durans strain showed good bile salt hydrolyzing ability and ample cholesterol assimilation in vitro. Probiotic-fed hypercholesterolemic rats showed significantly lowered cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels. The body weight of probiotic-fed rats was reduced as compared to the control. E. durans also stimulated the growth of beneficial LAB in the intestine of experimental rats and did not harm the liver of the experimental rats.

Conclusion

E. durans can be a natural therapeutic alternative to manage diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and may eventually enhance anti-cholesterolemic therapies.
Peri-implant soft tissue conditioning of immediate posterior implants by CAD-CAM socket sealing abutments: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Elgendi Mai Mohamed , Hamdy Iman Salah Eldin , Sallam Hanaa Ibraheem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Anatomically formed healing abutments were suggested in literature to address many of the issues associated with immediate posterior implant insertion such as large extraction sockets that are extremely hard to seal without reflecting the mucoperiosteal flap, extraction sockets anatomy that are not suitable for regular healing abutment placement, and potentially high occlusal stresses when planning a temporary implant supported prothesis to improve the conditioning of supra implant tissue architecture and the emergence profile of the implant supported restorations.

Purpose
To clinically evaluate the peri-implant soft tissue profile of single posterior implant retained restorations and to assess patient related outcomes of the implant restorations that were conditioned immediately by CAD-CAM socket sealing abutments (SSA) versus those conditioned by Titanium (Ti) standard healing abutments (SHA).

Methods
Twenty participants received twenty-two single maxillary immediate implants after flapless minimally invasive tooth extraction and 3D guided implant placement in the posterior area (premolar and molar) and allocated randomly into two groups (n = 11), the intervention group: patients received PEEK SSA and the control group: the patients received Ti SHA. Modified Pink Esthetic Score (PES) was evaluated at 3 observation periods: Baseline T0 (immediate after implant supported crown insertion), 6 months T1 and 1 year of clinical performance T2. Patient satisfaction was assessed one week and one year after crown insertion using visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results
At base line, after six as well as 12 months, SSA group showed statistically significant higher total modified PES scores than SHA group (P-value < 0.001). At the 2 clinical observation periods (baseline and after one year), SSA group showed statistically significantly higher overall satisfaction score than SHA group (P-value < 0.001).

Conclusion
After one year of clinical observation period, CAD-CAM PEEK socket sealing abutments together with flapless minimally invasive tooth extraction and 3D guided implant placement provided superior outcomes compared to Ti SHA in terms of peri-implant soft tissue profile.

Trial registration
This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with ID no. NCT05276765 on 03/03/2022.
Retention of CAD-CAM locator retentive attachment insert in mandibular implant overdenture
Authors: Diab Mai Hassan , Abdelaziz Medhat Sameh , Kamal Eldin Mohamed Hatem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The continuous development in digital prosthodontics allowed the customization of attachments and retentive inserts which offers an easy and cheap solution for regular maintenance of locator overdentures during daily practice. The present study compared the change in retention values of the fully digitally manufactured custom-made locator attachment retentive insert with the ready-made ones after insertion, removal, and masticatory cycles.

Methods
A complete denture was constructed over a mandibular edentulous epoxy model. Two implants were inserted into the model between the laterals and canines following the prosthetically driven implant protocol. Locator retentive attachment inserts were digitally designed using free-form modeling software and milled from PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone). After the pick-up of the ready- and custom-made retentive inserts, an insertion, removal, and masticatory cycles test simulating 1 year of patient usage was performed. The change in retention values was recorded at baseline, 6 months, and after one year of simulated clinical use. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the data between the two studied groups.

Results
There were statistically significant differences in retention values between the custom-made and ready-made locator inserts at baseline and after 6 months. (p = 0.001*). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in retention after 1 year of simulated use. (p = 0.083, NS)

Conclusions
The custom-made milled locator retentive attachment insert can be used as an alternative to the ready-made one due to their comparable retention values after 1 year of simulated use.
Therapeutic potential of boric acid as a local drug delivery agent in periodontitis: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdel-Fatah Reham , Elhusseiny Ghada A. , Saleh Wafaa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the therapeutic potential of boric acid as a local drug delivery agent in the treatment of periodontitis.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, we registered a comprehensive protocol with PROSPERO. By employing PICOS criteria, we evaluated randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of subgingival boric acid application alongside non-surgical periodontal therapy in treatment of periodontitis. Studies were systematically searched across multiple databases, with establishment of the eligibility criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently by reviewers.

Results
Among 1,640 records screened, 6 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 281 participants aged 18–65 years. At 1-month, boric acid demonstrated significant improvements in probing pocket depth (PPD), but insignificant differences were observed in clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI). However, at 3 and 6 months, we found significant reductions in PPD while at 6 months, a significant increase in CAL gain were observed favoring boric acid. No significant changes in GI were noted at any follow-up duration.

Conclusion
Boric acid adjunctive therapy in non-surgical periodontal treatment shows promising efficacy in improving clinical parameters, particularly PPD and CAL, over time. While early outcomes may not show significance, sustained benefits are evident at longer follow-up periods. These findings underscore the potential of boric acid as a valuable addition to periodontal therapy, demanding further investigation to reveal its precise mechanisms and optimize clinical application.
Caregiver alignment with triage acuity levels and drivers for discrepancy between caregiver assessment and triage acuity levels: a cross-sectional questionnaire based study
Authors: Lengeler Noelie , Starvaggi Carl Alessandro , Jaboyedoff Manon , Affentranger Sophie , Keitel Kristina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Caregiver concern is the main driver to paediatric emergency departments visits. Understanding caregiver worries is crucial to guide patients to the most appropriate healthcare setting. Previous research shows mixed findings on the accordance between caregiver assessment and professional triage.

Methods
We assessed data from two questionnaire-based studies conducted over 27 months in two tertiary paediatric emergency departments in Switzerland to compare caregiver perception of their child’s medical acuity and standard nurse triage. Furthermore, we examined socioeconomic factors associated with caregiver perception.

Results
Our study of 2,126 children seen in the two paediatric emergency departments showed that caregiver assessment aligned well with the acuity assigned by professional triage in 89% (1,901/2,126) of cases. In 142 cases (7%, 142/2,126), caregivers rating their child’s severity higher than nurse’s triage while in 83 cases (4%, 83/2,126), they rated it lower. In an univariable analysis, we found that family’s difficulties paying bills (20% vs. 12%) and low maternal education (19% vs. 10%) were associated with a higher percentage of caregiver rating their child’s severity higher than nurse’s triage. Fever as the main complaint was associated with caregiver rating their child’s severity lower than nurse’s triage.

Conclusions
This questionnaire-based study shows that caregiver’s assessment of the severity of the child and nurse triage are concordant in most situations. Our study sheds light on the association between caregiver assessment and professional triage in two paediatric emergency departments in Switzerland, revealing some of the factors leading to discordance. These factors most probably reflect health illiteracy. It is important that healthcare professionals recognize and address factors influencing caregiver assessments to facilitate accurate decision-making and enhanced paediatric emergency care outcomes.