bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GABA and Glutamate in hMT+ Link to Individual Differences in Residual Visual Function After Occipital Stroke
Authors: Willis Hanna E. , Ip I. Betina , Watt Archie , Campbell Jon , Jbabdi Saad , Clarke William T. , Cavanaugh Matthew R. , Huxlin Krystel R. , Watkins Kate E. , Tamietto Marco , Bridge Holly 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Damage to the primary visual cortex following an occipital stroke causes loss of conscious vision in the contralateral hemifield. Yet, some patients retain the ability to detect moving visual stimuli within their blind field. The present study asked whether such individual differences in blind field perception following loss of primary visual cortex could be explained by the concentration of neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate or activity of the visual motion processing, human middle temporal complex (hMT+).

METHODS:
We used magnetic resonance imaging in 19 patients with chronic occipital stroke to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and functional activity in hMT+ (functional magnetic resonance imaging). We also tested each participant on a 2-interval forced choice detection task using high-contrast, moving Gabor patches. We then measured and assessed the strength of relationships between participants’ residual vision in their blind field and in vivo neurotransmitter concentrations, as well as visually evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging activity in their hMT+. Levels of GABA and glutamate were also measured in a sensorimotor region, which served as a control.

RESULTS:
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy-derived GABA and glutamate concentrations in hMT+ (but not sensorimotor cortex) strongly predicted blind-field visual detection abilities. Performance was inversely related to levels of both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in hMT+ but, surprisingly, did not correlate with visually evoked blood oxygenation level–dependent signal change in this motion-sensitive region.

CONCLUSIONS:
Levels of GABA and glutamate in hMT+ appear to provide superior information about motion detection capabilities inside perimetrically defined blind fields compared to blood oxygenation level–dependent signal changes—in essence, serving as biomarkers for the quality of residual visual processing in the blind-field. Whether they also reflect a potential for successful rehabilitation of visual function remains to be determined.
Physical and mental functioning trajectory classes among older adults and their association with specialized healthcare use
Authors: Ikonen Jenni N. , Törmäkangas Timo , von Bonsdorff Mikaela B. , Mikkola Tuija M. , Eriksson Johan G. , Haapanen Markus J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Sex-specific physical and mental functioning trajectory classification could offer a way of understanding the differences in healthcare use at older age.

Methods
Using latent growth mixture models, sex-specific physical and mental functioning trajectory classes were formed for 1991 participants (mean age 61.5 years) of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Physical and mental functioning were evaluated with the SF-36 survey conducted in clinical examinations in 2001–2004, 2011–2013, and 2017–2018. First and follow-up outpatient visits, emergency visits, and hospital days were extracted from a national register between the first clinical examination and the year 2017. We used regression models to examine the associations between healthcare use and trajectory classes.

Results
Two physical and mental functioning trajectory classes, high and intermediate, were observed for both sexes. The intermediate physical functioning trajectory class was associated with higher utilization rates of all examined specialized healthcare services (fully-adjusted IRRs varying 1.36–1.58; 95% CI = 1.03–1.79, 95% CI = 1.21–2.05) compared to the high trajectory class. Relative to the high trajectory class, the intermediate mental trajectory class was associated with the use of first outpatient visits (fully-adjusted IRRs 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03–1.33 for men, and 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04–1.30 for women). The findings were similar among both sexes.

Conclusions
Compared to the high trajectory class, the intermediate physical functioning trajectory class was associated with greater specialized healthcare use and the intermediate mental trajectory class with first outpatient visits. Public health interventions should be considered to support functioning with aging.
Impact of individual and environmental factors on academic performance of pregnant adolescent
Authors: Otegbayo Bolajoko Elizabeth , Omar Noralina , Danaee Mahmoud , Mohajer Samira , Aghamohamadi Nasrin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Teenage pregnancies continue to disrupt teenage girls’ academic development. As a result, teenage mothers are at risk of unemployment, maternal death, and poverty. Previous research, however, has shown that both individual and environmental factors can have a significant impact on the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy. However, there has been little rigorous research on the impact of these factors on pregnant students’ academic performance.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental (neighbourhood) and individuals (sexual attitudes, peer attachment) factors. It also examined the influence of individual factors on the academic performance of pregnant teens.

Methods
The study included a cross-sectional study of 400 pregnant adolescent students aged 15–19 years. The target groups were drawn from three major cities in Nigeria. Respondents were identified through targeted snowballing. Pregnant participants were a combination of married and unmarried girls attending school from home. Data were collected using a structured and self-completed questionnaire. Thus, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to show the relationship between variables.

Results
The study found that neighbourhood (r=-.125, p = .12) had a negative and significant relationship with peer attachment. However, there was no significant evidence of a relationship between sexual attitudes and neighbourhood (r=-.040, p = .422). There was, however, a significant relationship between sexual attitudes and academic performance (r = .236, p = .000). There was also a relationship between peer attachment and academic performance (r=-.401, p = < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study suggests that the academic performance of pregnant teenagers necessitates a combination of approaches, which includes changes in personal and prosocial behaviour, and environmental reforms. This can be achieved through, peer education, school day-care, subsidised or free contraceptives, free or subsidized education, and community programmes that positively influence young adults in the neighbourhood. These approaches can indirectly boost self-efficacy, motivation, and confidence to achieve higher academic feat, while reducing school dropout rate among the target groups.
Research involvement and engagement of adolescent and young adults in a cancer trajectory: a 5-year experience from a patient support facility at a university hospital
Authors: Pappot Helle , Meier Sara Kaa , Hjerming Maiken , Piil Karin , Hanghøj Signe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this case study is to describe how a vulnerable group of patients can be included in research. The activities, challenges, lessons learned, and reflections on the importance of patient involvement in research for 5 years (2016–2021) at the adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer support facility, Kræftværket, are reported.

Main body
A patient panel at Kræftværket, the Youth Panel has multiple aims, one of which is the ability to perform patient involvement in research, with the goal of achieving research of high quality. We here describe how Patient and Public involvement (PPI) can be customized to AYAs in a cancer trajectory, who face many challenges, including those in the physical, psychological, and social domains. During 2016–2021, Youth Panel meetings were planned every third month but interrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. With a flexible structure and a dynamic panel including 10–15 varying AYAs in a cancer trajectory, engagement and involvement have been maintained. Eight research topics were investigated, seven of which were discussed and confirmed to be important by the Youth Panel. Out of eight topics, three were raised by patients, and five by researchers. One was not discussed due to COVID-19. Some of the challenges we have experienced were related to the flexible meeting structure and the differing expectations and priorities as well as the impact of COVID-19. However, we experienced that patient involvement is possible in the field of AYA oncology if a trusting environment is created. A key finding in our case study was, that without a national Danish PPI program and no defined international standard for PPI in AYA cancer research yet, we were able to give patients the possibility to give input to researchers on topics where research is missing.

Conclusion
Here, we demonstrate how patient involvement in research has been performed at an AYA cancer facility, Kræftværket, during a 5-year period. We encourage others to perform patient-involving research, even in challenging populations. Ideally this must follow international standards for PPI in AYA cancer research when such exist to improve research with crucial insight from patients.
Postnatal Myelomeningocele Repair in the United States: Rates and Disparities Before and After the Management of Myelomeningocele Study Trial
Authors: Shao Belinda , Chen Jia-Shu , Kozel Olivia A. , Tang Oliver Y. , Amaral-Nieves Natalie , Sastry Rahul A. , Watson-Smith Debra , Monteagudo Julie , Luks Francois I. , Carr Stephen R. , Klinge Petra M. , Weil Robert J. , Svokos Konstantina A. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Evolving technologies have influenced the practice of myelomeningocele repair (MMCr), including mandatory folic acid fortification, advances in prenatal diagnosis, and the 2011 Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) trial demonstrating benefits of fetal over postnatal MMCr in select individuals. Postnatal MMCr continues to be performed, especially for those with limitations in prenatal diagnosis, health care access, anatomy, or personal preference. A comprehensive, updated national perspective on the trajectory of postnatal MMCr volumes and patient disparities is absent. We characterize national trends in postnatal MMCr rates before and after the MOMS trial publication (2000-2010 vs 2011-2019) and examine whether historical disparities persist.

METHODS:
This retrospective, cross-sectional analysis queried Nationwide Inpatient Sample data for postnatal MMCr admissions. Annual and race/ethnicity-specific rates were calculated using national birth registry data. Time series analysis assessed for trends relative to the year 2011. Patient, admission, and outcome characteristics were compared between pre-MOMS and post-MOMS cohorts.

RESULTS:
Between 2000 and 2019, 12 426 postnatal MMCr operations were estimated nationwide. After 2011, there was a gradual, incremental decline in the annual rate of postnatal MMCr. Post-MOMS admissions were increasingly associated with Medicaid insurance and the lowest income quartiles, as well as increased risk indices, length of stay, and hospital charges. By 2019, race/ethnicity-adjusted rates seemed to converge. The mortality rate remained low in both eras, and there was a lower rate of same-admission shunting post-MOMS.

CONCLUSION:
National rates of postnatal MMCr gradually declined in the post-MOMS era. Medicaid and low-income patients comprise an increasing majority of MMCr patients post-MOMS, whereas historical race/ethnicity-specific disparities are improving. Now more than ever, we must address disparities in the care of MMC patients before and after birth.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA POSITIVE SELF-TALK DENGAN KECEMASAN BERTANDING PADA ATLET BELADIRI PPLOP JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Winarko Felix Danar Praditya Phidal , Sakti Hastaning 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara positive self-talk dan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet beladiri PPLOP Jawa Tengah. Kecemasan bertanding adalahgejala emosi negatif yang muncul karena penilaian atlet terhadap suatu pertandingan.Positive self-talk adalah perilaku verbal berkata pada diri sendiri untuk memberikan motivasi. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah atlet beladiri PPLOP Jawa Tengah sebanyak 70 atlet dengan sampel penelitian sebesar 64. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling.Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Skala Positive Self-talk (36 aitem, α= 0,954) dam Skala Kecemasan Bertanding (21 aitem, α= 0,905). Hasil ujii hipotesis analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan angka rxy = -0,542dengan signifikansi p= 0,000 (p<0,05).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara positive self-talk dan kecemasan bertanding. Semakin tinggi skor positive self-talkmaka semakin rendah kecemasan bertanding.
Physiological and clinical responses to cycling 7850 km over 85 days in a physically active middle‐aged man with idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kathia Muhammad M. , Bommarito Julian C. , Hinks Avery , Leake Elira , Shannon Julia , Pitman Jenna , Connolly Barbara , Burr Jamie F. , Vallis Lori Ann , Power Geoffrey A. , Millar Philip J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis case characterizes the clinical motor, perceived fatigue, gait and balance, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and cardiopulmonary responses after cycling 7850 km over 85 days in a physically active 57‐year‐old male with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The participant cycled 73/85 days (86%); averaging 107.5 ± 48.9 km/day over 255.4 ± 108.8 min. Average cycling heart rate was 117 ± 11 bpm. The Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III motor score decreased from 46 to 26 (−44%), while the mean Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS‐16) score decreased from 3.4 to 2.3 (−32%). Peak power output on a maximal aerobic exercise test increased from 326 to 357 W (+10%), while peak isotonic power of single‐leg knee extension increased from 312 to 350 W (+12%). Maximal oxygen uptake following the trip was 53.1 mL/min/kg or 151% of predicted. Resting heart rate increased from 48 to 71 bpm (+48%). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses to a 2‐min submaximal static handgrip exercise were near absent at baseline (∆2/∆2 mm Hg) but appeared normal post‐trip (∆17/∆9 mm Hg). Gait and static balance measures were unchanged. This case report demonstrates the capacity for physiological and clinical adaptations to a high‐volume, high‐intensity cycling regiment in a physically active middle‐aged male with PD.
Cost and competitiveness of green hydrogen in Europe: Effects of the European Union regulatory framework
Authors: Brandt Jonathan , Iversen Thore , Eckert Christoph , Peterssen Florian , Bensmann Boris , Bensmann Astrid , Beer Michael , Weyer Hartmut , Hanke-Rauschenbach Richard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

By passing the delegated acts supplementing RED II, the European Commission has recently set a regulatory benchmark for the classification of green hydrogen in the European Union. The controversial reactions to the restricted power purchase for electrolyzer operation reflect the lack of clarity about the effects of the delegated acts on the cost and the renewable characteristics of green hydrogen. We show that the low cost for renewable electricity economically incentivizes the integration of renewable energy in hydrogen production. Furthermore, our results indicate that a permission of grid electricity integration for green hydrogen production need not lead to an increase in emission intensity and can result in notable production cost reductions. The transitional regulations, adopted to support a green hydrogen production ramp-up, result in similar cost reductions as the permission of an unrestricted grid electricity integration and ensure a high integration of renewable electricity.
Study of Mechanical Properties of Fe-ni-co Alloy With Alloying Elements Used in Space Telescopes.
Authors: Kaparov Daulet 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of the main purposes of modern metallurgy is to improve the properties of existing materials and develop fundamentally new materials. Improving the efficiency of space telescope constructions is always an urgent task for the space industry. Reducing weight, maintaining ductility and improving operational performances are the aims that materials scientists will always face.
Invar Fe-Ni-Co alloy is widely used in many industries requiring high dimensional stability such as metrology, high precision instrumentation, and optical assembly in the space industry.
Hypothesis: the addition of certain chemical elements will improve the mechanical properties and expand the scope of the developed alloy.
In this work, the following purpose is set: to investigate the operational properties of the Fe-Ni-Co alloy with alloying elements used in high-precision technologies. In this work, experiments for microhardness, a research on microstructure, determination of the Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (CLTE) were carried out. In the course of the work, Fe-Ni-Co was smelted with the addition of alloying elements in the form of Cr, Mn. In the initial state, the microhardness of the alloy was Нμ = 6433 MPa. The highest microhardness index was achieved after annealing at 7000C (5 hours) Нμ = 9393 MPa, which is 46% higher than the initial one.
Novelty of work: We have developed a new alloy with improved mechanical properties, which can replace invar, and subsequently contribute to a sharp push in the sphere of astronomy.
Results of exploration: We recommend using the results of this work in the manufacture of parts for space telescopes that require resistance to thermal vibrations and aggressive surroundings.
The CLTE measurements of the alloys were carried out at room temperature under standard conditions. At 2000C, the sample expanded by 0.006 mm, which corresponds to an CLTE of α=1.8×10-6К-1.
Performance of multifunctional nanomaterial in the pesticide thiacloprid remediation
Authors: Vedovello Priscila , Costa José Arnaldo Santana , Oliveira Rhayza Victoria Matos , Menezes Thalles Henrique Santos , de Aquino Sara Damascena , Costa Vinicius Câmara , Silva Caio Marcio Paranhos da , Romão Luciane Pimenta Cruz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the present approach, we investigated the performance of multifunctional nanomaterial MCM-41-Pirkle in the thiacloprid removal in water samples. In the batch adsorption tests, the effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage were evaluated using the factorial experimental design model and response surface method. The multifunctional MCM-41-Pirkle exhibited well-ordered hexagonal structure with space-group symmetry (P6mm), high thermal stability, good textural, structural, and morphological properties, as well as, large pore volume and high surface area. The factorial design was suitable to find the optimized conditions using a smaller number of experiments. Moreover, practically all the effects were significant, which indicates the correct choice of the relevant parameters for the thiacloprid remediation. The MCM-41-Pirkle exhibited a high and fast removal efficiency at a low concentration of thiacloprid, with up to 95.20% of thiacloprid removal in the initial 5 min. It is also possible to observe that the MCM-41-Pirkle has excellent thiacloprid removal potential at different pH values, since the removal efficiency was between 95.01–95.82%. In addition, the Pareto graph displayed the following decreasing order of significance for thiacloprid removal by the multifunctional nanomaterial MCM-41-Pirkle: nanoadsorbent mass > thiacloprid standard concentration > solution pH. Finally, a maximum removal efficiency of 95.83% was achieved at an equilibrium time of 5 min with pH 3 using 40 mg of nanoadsorbent at an initial thiacloprid concentration of 4.5 mg L− 1.
Making ease of smart grid communication through compression of power system disturbance signals
Authors: Jeevitha S. R. Selva 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The future scenario of smart power grid finds need for technology in a variety of ways. One of the major needs of smart power system network is the storage of power signals and its compression technology. The essentiality of signal compression lies in the fact that the disturbance signals are of large frequency spectrum and the storage space requirement is high. In order to reduce the storage space of the disturbance signals, the compressed empirical mode decomposition is proposed in this paper. The methodology compresses the high frequency signal and reconstructs the original signal with the rmse of 0. 01790.The hilbert transform is used with the proposed methodology to detect the time of disturbance. The method is found to be effective with the compression ratio of 3.589.
A transcription and information extraction system to facilitate EHR documentation in Spanish
Authors: Fernández Maicol , Villena Fabián , Rojas Matías , Núñez Fredy , Silva Jorge F. , Dunstan Jocelyn 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The large and diverse access to data sources in healthcare has boosted the application of novel computer techniques that can extract meaningful information to improve patients' prognoses and other important medical uses. However, most of the current systems require the professional to type the information in a manual and time-consuming manner, increasing the risk of transcription errors and cross-contamination. One solution is to create an automated system that allows healthcare professionals to dictate clinical information that can be transcribed and analyzed. Since most of the systems proposed so far have been developed for the English language, in this paper, we propose a unified system for automatically recording, transcribing, and identifying key information content from audio in Spanish. Specifically, we propose a two-step model consisting of a commercial Speech-to-Text API and an in-house Named Entity Recognition model trained on Spanish clinical narratives. Transcription performance was evaluated using the Word Error Rate, considering a gold standard composed of 90 manually annotated texts belonging to four domains: general, medical, and dental. Regarding entity detection, we used the F1 score to compare the clinical entities identified by our model with manual annotations performed by healthcare professionals. Finally, to better understand the limitations of our system, we performed a detailed error analysis from a linguistic and computational point of view. We share the annotated referrals, audio, and transcriptions to promote the reproducibility of our results.