bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental plasticity and variability in the formation of egg-spots, a pigmentation ornament in the cichlidAstatotilapia calliptera
Authors: Clark Bethan , Hickey Aaron , Fischer Bettina , Elkin Joel , Santos M. Emília 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTVertebrate pigmentation patterns are highly diverse, yet we have a limited understanding of how evolutionary changes to genetic, cellular, and developmental mechanisms generate variation. To address this, we examine the formation of a sexually-selected male ornament exhibiting inter- and intra-specific variation, the egg-spot pattern, consisting of circular yellow-orange markings on the male anal fins of haplochromine cichlid fishes. We focus onAstatotilapia calliptera, the ancestor-type species of the Malawi cichlid adaptive radiation of over 850 species. We identify a key role for iridophores in initialising egg-spot aggregations composed of iridophore-xanthophore associations. Despite adult sexual dimorphism, aggregations initially form in both males and females, with development only diverging between the sexes at later stages. Unexpectedly, we found that the timing of egg-spot initialisation is plastic. The earlier individuals establish their own territory the earlier the aggregations form, with iridophores being the cell type that responds to social conditions. Furthermore, we observe apparent competitive interactions between adjacent egg-spot aggregations, which strongly suggests that egg-spot patterning results mostly from cell-autonomous cellular interactions. Together, these results demonstrate thatA. callipteraegg-spot development is an exciting model for investigating pigment pattern formation at the cellular level in a system with developmental plasticity, sexual dimorphism, and intra-specific variation. AsA. callipterarepresents the ancestral bauplan for egg-spots, these findings provide a baseline for informed comparisons across the incredibly diverse Malawi cichlid radiation.
A fluorescent reporter model for the visualization and characterization of TDC
Authors: Fiore Alessandra , Sala Eleonora , Laura Chiara , Riba Michela , Nelli Maria , Fumagalli Valeria , Oberrauch Federico , Mangione Marta , Cristofani Claudia , Provero Paolo , Iannacone Matteo , Kuka Mirela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTDCare hematopoietic cells that combine dendritic cell (DC) and conventional T cell markers and functional properties. They were identified in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) of naïve mice as cells expressing CD11c, major histocompatibility molecule (MHC)-II, and the T cell receptor (TCR) β chain. Despite thorough characterization as to their potential functional properties, a physiological role for TDCremains to be determined. Unfortunately, using CD11c as a marker for TDChas the caveat of its upregulation on different cells, including T cells, upon activation. Therefore, a more specific marker is needed to further investigate TDCfunctions in peripheral organs in different pathological settings. Here we took advantage of Zbtb46-GFP reporter mice to explore the frequency and localization of TDCin peripheral tissues at steady state and upon viral infection. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed that TDCidentified with this reporter model have a gene signature that is distinct from conventional T cells and DC. In addition, frequency and total numbers of TDCin the SLOs recapitulated those found using CD11c as a marker. This reporter model allowed for identification of TDCin situ not only in SLOs but also in the liver and lung of naïve mice. Interestingly, we found that TDCnumbers in the SLOs increased upon viral infection, suggesting that TDCmight play a role during viral infections. In conclusion, we propose a visualization strategy that might shed light on the physiological role of TDCin several pathological contexts, including infection and cancer.
Predictions of DNA mechanical properties at a genomic scale reveal potentially new functional roles of DNA-flexibility
Authors: Back Georg , Walther Dirk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMechanical properties of DNA have been implied to influence many its biological functions. Recently, a new high-throughput method, called loop-seq, that allows measuring the intrinsic bendability of DNA fragments, has been developed. Using loop-seq data, we created a deep learning model to explore the biological significance of local DNA flexibility in a range of different species from different kingdoms. Consistently, we observed a characteristic and largely nucleotide-composition-driven change of local flexibility near transcription start sites. No evidence of a generally present region of lowered flexibility upstream of transcription start sites to facilitate transcription factor binding was found. Yet, depending on the actual transcription factor investigated, flanking-sequence-dependent DNA flexibility was identified as a potential factor influencing binding. Compared to randomized genomic sequences, depending on species and taxa, actual genomic sequences were observed both with increased and lowered flexibility. Furthermore, inArabidopsis thaliana, crossing-over and mutation rates, bothde novoand fixed, were found to be linked to rigid sequence regions. Our study presents a range of significant correlations between characteristic DNA mechanical properties and genomic features, the significance of which with regard to detailed molecular relevance awaits further experimental and theoretical exploration.
The interaction of hierarchical and socializing accountability and the emergence of intelligent accountability in a classroom – a critical analysis
Authors: Arikan Özlem 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact on organizational members of team marks and peer feedback in a classroom as an organizational setting, where equals were engaged in a hierarchical form of accountability. It uses Roberts’s framework of hierarchical, socializing, and intelligent forms of accountability and discusses the viability of intelligent accountability in higher education, given the accountability structure for academics.Design/methodology/approachAutoethnography based on excerpts from the lecturer’s diary.FindingsThe blurred boundaries of hierarchical and socializing forms of accountability create both tensions and kinships for students, and these two forms of accountability constantly impact on each other. Although the accounting tools have an individualizing effect on some students, several examples of intelligent accountability are uncovered. It is concluded that academia’s audit culture, which focuses on immediate outcomes, and academics’ ever-increasing workloads make successful innovations less likely.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the accountability literature in revealing a constant dynamic between hierarchical and socializing forms of accountability through examination of a unique setting in which the boundaries between the two are completely blurred. By empirically examining how accounting individualizes and how intelligent accountability emerges, this study contributes to the limited empirical literature on the impact of accountability on individuals, and particularly to studies of classrooms as organizations, with implications for education policies.
Organizational career development and retention of millennial employees: the role of job engagement and organizational engagement
Authors: Jena Lipsa , Nayak Umakanta 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe study examines the mediating mechanisms of job engagement (JE) and organizational engagement (OE) in the relationship between organizational career development (OCD) and retention of millennial employees.Design/methodology/approachData from a total of 422 employees working in information technology organizations in India were collected through a structured questionnaire survey and subjected to analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) with a confidence level of 95 percent. The convenience sampling technique for collecting data and descriptive research design was used in the study.FindingsResults of SEM indicate that there is a positive relationship between OCD and employee retention (ER), which is mediated by JE and OE partially.Originality/valueThe study contributes by establishing the mediating role played by JE and OE in the relationship between OCD and ER.
Decoding a construction organisation's tendency to litigate: an understanding through financial statements
Authors: Jagannathan Murali , Delhi Venkata Santosh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

PurposeDespite the availability of amicable means to resolve construction disputes, litigation remains a mainstream dispute resolution process in some countries. This tendency to litigate (TTL) calls for research to develop appropriate precautions to encourage stakeholders to resolve most commercial disputes through alternate dispute resolution (ADR) techniques. While a claimant's TTL arise from the individual, project and organisation preferences, this study, which can benefit both potential claimants and employers by saving time and money on litigation, identifies a bidder's financial parameters that may increase its litigation propensities, as a first step towards aiding employers to incorporate precautions to discourage such tendencies.Design/methodology/approachAfter the literature review, the theoretical construct proposed by Rachlinski's “framing theory of litigation” (based on Kahneman and Tversky's Prospects Theory) is used to explain organisation-level litigation decision-making. The study sources data from the financial statements of Indian construction/real estate firms, followed by panel regression analysis to test the theoretical construct's validity.FindingsThe results show that the TTL (risk-seeking behaviour) generally increases with a lower value of sales, higher assets and profitability. Interestingly, organisation-level cash flow shows an insignificant influence on litigation tendencies.Practical implicationsKnowing which financial parameters may increase litigation tendencies could help employers evaluate a bidder's propensity to litigate project disputes.Originality/valueResearchers use financial statements to explore correlations among financial variables. However, in the construction context, there are no empirical studies with data from construction firms to understand potential litigation expenses compared to specific financial ratios.
Gender and negotiation initiation during Covid-19: studying negotiations over salary, work-role and work-home balance and the pandemic's perceived effects
Authors: Nelson Noa , Doron Noa , Amdur Shachaf 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe study tested the effects of gender on negotiation initiation in three topics: salary, work-role and work-home balance; and on employee's perceptions of Covid-19 as inhibiting or enhancing negotiation initiation in these topics.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employed a mixed-methods approach in a sample of 387 Israeli employees (189 female). Analyses of variance tested for gender differences in negotiation initiation and in Covid-19's perceived effects. Participants' additional written explanations, specifying how the pandemic inhibited or enhanced negotiation initiation, were inductively analyzed.FindingsCompared to male, female employees were less inclined to initiate negotiation in all three topics, and more likely to perceive Covid-19 as inhibiting salary and work-role negotiations. Qualitative explanations demonstrated gender-role-consistent motives for avoiding or initiating salary negotiations during Covid-19. They also suggested that the pandemic increased the legitimacy and significance of work-home balance negotiations, across gender.Originality/valueThe study provides new evidence on gender differences in negotiation initiation, particularly over work-role and work-home balance, and is among the first to test these differences in Israel. Moreover, it sheds light on the effects that Covid-19, as a world-wide crisis, had on employees' negotiations in general, and gender equality in employees' negotiations in particular.
The value of pension reforms for late working life: evidence from Sweden
Authors: Focacci Chiara Natalie , Öylü Gülin , Motel-Klingebiel Andreas , Kelfve Susanne 
Published: April 2023

PurposeDriven by the aim to increase the participation of older people in the labour force and to extend people's working lives, the Swedish Parliament passed a bill in 1998 to increase the pension eligibility age from 60 to 61 years and establish a notional defined-contribution (NDC) plan. In this article, the authors investigate the impacts towards the prolongation of working lives expected from such an intervention.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply a multinomial probabilistic model based on Swedish registry data on the birth cohorts 1937–1938 (n = 102,826) and observe differences in exit behaviour between eligible and non-eligible individuals.FindingsThe authors find that the cohorts eligible to the pension reform exit the labour market at a later age compared to non-eligible cohorts at the 61-years cut-off. The authors also find that the effect persists in the long term. Furthermore, the authors find that both men and women are equally struck by the reform.Originality/valueWhile there exist many descriptive reports and theoretical analyses on the costs and benefits of pension reforms, this study is the first one to empirically analyse the effect of the first European NDC pay-as-you go pension plan on the potential exclusion of old-aged workers.
Boosting large‐scale river connectivity restoration by planning for the presence of unrecorded barriers
Authors: Ioannidou Christina T. , Neeson Thomas M. , O'Hanley Jesse R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConservation decisions are invariably made with incomplete data on species’ distributions, habitats, and threats, but frameworks for allocating conservation investments rarely account for missing data. We examined how explicit consideration of missing data can boost return on investment in ecosystem restoration, focusing on the challenge of restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity by removing dams and road crossings from rivers. A novel way of integrating the presence of unmapped barriers into a barrier optimization model was developed and applied to the U.S. state of Maine to maximize expected habitat gain for migratory fish. Failing to account for unmapped barriers during prioritization led to nearly 50% lower habitat gain than was anticipated using a conventional barrier optimization approach. Explicitly acknowledging that data are incomplete during project selection, however, boosted expected habitat gains by 20–273% on average, depending on the true number of unmapped barriers. Importantly, these gains occurred without additional data. Simply acknowledging that some barriers were unmapped, regardless of their precise number and location, improved conservation outcomes. Given incomplete data on ecosystems worldwide, our results demonstrate the value of accounting for data shortcomings during project selection.
Assessing skin microcirculation in patients at cardiovascular risk by using laser speckle contrast imaging. A narrative review
Authors: Lazaridis Antonios , Triantafyllou Areti , Mastrogiannis Konstantinos , Malliora Anastasia , Doumas Michalis , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSkin tissue holds a prominent role in microcirculatory research as an easily accessible vascular bed for the noninvasive evaluation of microvascular function. Skin microvascular changes have been associated to alterations in distinct target organs and vascular beds, reinforcing the hypothesis that skin microcirculation can be used as a model of generalized microvascular function. In addition, skin microvascular dysfunction has been documented in cardiovascular disease and patients of increased cardiovascular risk where it has been associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, rendering it a candidate surrogate marker of vascular damage. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a noninvasive, dynamic laser technique that allows assessment of skin microvascular function (SMF) by obtaining two‐dimensional maps of the skin perfusion in real time with high spatial and temporal resolution and, most importantly, with the highest reproducibility compared to other laser methods. An ever‐increasing number of studies using LSCI is confirming evidence of impaired SMF in several cardiovascular risk groups, therefore expanding its application in microvascular research and showing its potential clinical utility. This review attempts to present the growing importance of SMF in cardiovascular research and the emergence of LSCI technique as a robust imaging modality with a promising role to explore skin microvascular physiology. After a short description of the relevant technique and its main principle of function, we have also opted to present the most up to date studies using LSCI for the investigation of SMF in patients with cardiovascular disease as well as various groups of increased cardiovascular risk.
ForestClim—Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests
Authors: Haesen Stef , Lembrechts Jonas J. , De Frenne Pieter , Lenoir Jonathan , Aalto Juha , Ashcroft Michael B. , Kopecký Martin , Luoto Miska , Maclean Ilya , Nijs Ivan , Niittynen Pekka , van den Hoogen Johan , Arriga Nicola , Brůna Josef , Buchmann Nina , Čiliak Marek , Collalti Alessio , De Lombaerde Emiel , Descombes Patrice , Gharun Mana , Goded Ignacio , Govaert Sanne , Greiser Caroline , Grelle Achim , Gruening Carsten , Hederová Lucia , Hylander Kristoffer , Kreyling Jürgen , Kruijt Bart , Macek Martin , Máliš František , Man Matěj , Manca Giovanni , Matula Radim , Meeussen Camille , Merinero Sonia , Minerbi Stefano , Montagnani Leonardo , Muffler Lena , Ogaya Romà , Penuelas Josep , Plichta Roman , Portillo‐Estrada Miguel , Schmeddes Jonas , Shekhar Ankit , Spicher Fabien , Ujházyová Mariana , Vangansbeke Pieter , Weigel Robert , Wild Jan , Zellweger Florian , Van Meerbeek Koenraad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroclimate research gained renewed interest over the last decade and its importance for many ecological processes is increasingly being recognized. Consequently, the call for high‐resolution microclimatic temperature grids across broad spatial extents is becoming more pressing to improve ecological models. Here, we provide a new set of open‐access bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests at 25 × 25 m2 resolution.
A capital theory approach to migrants' views and engagement with climate adaptation in the region of origin: A qualitative study in Belgium
Authors: Van Praag Lore 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCombining insights from migration and climate adaptation studies, this study examines how migrants living in Belgium contribute to climate adaptation in their region of origin, based on 29 qualitative interviews with migrants in Belgium. The findings varied considerably, depending on the region of origin, the main driver of migration and the possibility of returning. The results show that both the knowledge and capacity to contribute to climate adaptation in the region of origin depends on the forms and degrees of capital individuals have, both in the immigrant country and region of origin. Migrants with more cultural capital in the region of origin had more transnational bonding and bridging ties, resulting in more opportunities to contribute to the development of the region. However, as many of the interviewees originated from urban areas, their actions were oriented more towards waste, pollution and life domains other than climate adaptation. This contrasts with migrants with less formal cultural capital. Due to specific living conditions, they were more familiar with local climate impacts. Their transnational bonding social ties increased this knowledge and familiarity with the need for climate adaptation. Nevertheless, the high costs of integration into the immigrant society and a lack of cultural and economic capital limits this group's capacity to contribute to climate adaptation initiatives in the region of origin. Bringing the concept of ‘migrant capital’ into the study of climate adaptation fills a gap in the literature on environmental migration, and especially engages with discourses that frame migration as an adaptation strategy.
Reporting quality and risk of bias of Cochrane individual participant data meta‐analyses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Ming , Gao Ya , Yang Kelu , Cai Yitong , Xu Jianguo , Dai Dingmei , Wu Shuilin , Zhang Junhua , Tian Jinhui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the reporting quality and risk of bias of Cochrane individual participant data meta‐analyses (IPD‐MAs).MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library and identified the Cochrane IPD‐MAs. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses of individual participant data (PRISMA‐IPD) assessed the reporting quality of included Cochrane IPD‐ MAs, and the Risk Of Bias In Systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. We performed stratified and correlation analyses to explore factors affecting the quality.ResultsForty‐six Cochrane IPD‐MAs were included in our study. Twenty‐six Cochrane IPD‐MAs (56.5%) had statistical or epidemiological authors involved, and 31 (67.4%) contained only IPD data. Thirty‐five studies (76.1%) did not report whether they used 1‐stage or 2‐stage methods, and forty (87.0%) did not report the statistical techniques used for missing participant data. We found that the entire compliance reported PRISMA‐IPD items of Cochrane IPD‐MAs published after 2015 (n = 18; Mean ± SD: 26.61 ± 2.75) was higher than those studies published in 2015 and before (n = 28; Mean ± SD: 22.61 ± 4.73), the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). A strong positive correlation was found between the fully reported PRISMA‐IPD items and fully accordance ROBIS items (Spearman's: ρ = 0.653, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe quality of Cochrane IPD‐MAs is not high, especially in the reporting of statistical methods. There was room for further improvement in IPD retrieval, IPD integrity and statistical analyses.
An overview of the digital occlusion technologies: Intraoral scanners, jaw tracking systems, and computerized occlusal analysis devices
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Kois Dean E. , Zeitler Jonathan M. , Att Wael , Kois John C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesWithin the development of digital technologies, dental professionals aim to integrate virtual diagnostic articulated casts obtained by using intraoral scanners (IOSs), the mandibular motion of the patient recorded by using an optical jaw tracking system, and the information provided by computerized occlusal analysis systems. This article describes the various digital technologies available for obtaining the digital occlusion of a patient and outlines its challenges and limitations.OverviewThe factors that influence the accuracy of the maxillomandibular relationship of diagnostic casts obtained by using IOSs are reviewed, as well as the occurrence of occlusal collisions or mesh interpenetrations. Different jaw tracking systems with varying digital technologies including ultrasonic systems, photometric devices, and artificial intelligence algorithms are reviewed. Computerized occlusal analysis systems for detecting occlusal contacts in a time sequential manner with the pressure distribution on the occlusal surfaces are reviewed.ConclusionsDigital technologies provide powerful diagnostic and design tools for prosthodontic care. However, the accuracy of these digital technologies for acquiring and analyzing the static and dynamic occlusion need to be further analyzed.Clinical SignificanceEfficiently implementing digital technologies into dental practice requires an understanding of the limitations and state of current development of the digital acquisition methods for digitizing the static and dynamic occlusion of a patient by using IOSs, digital jaw trackers, and computerized occlusal analysis devices.