bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thirty-day postoperative cardiopulmonary complications in sarcoidosis: Insights from a retrospective matched cohort analysis
Authors: Freund Jonah C. , Gosalvez Claudia Clarke , Rady Alena , Notarianni Andrew , Carr Zyad J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Sarcoidosis is a rare systemic granulomatous disorder characterized by lung involvement but frequently involves the heart, gastrointestinal and lymphatic organs. Few studies have investigated sarcoidosis-related postoperative cardiopulmonary complications, creating a significant knowledge gap. Using a comparative cohort analysis, the authors hypothesized that sarcoidosis would be associated with higher risk for 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC).

Methods
This retrospective study examined hospital system data between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2022, for patients over 18 years, admitted for procedural intervention. 389 sarcoidosis patients and controls (N = 48,823) were identified. The primary endpoint of PPC, as measured by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality PPC composite, and secondary endpoints of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), PPC subcomposites, and length of stay (LOS) were analyzed. A Mahalanobis distance matching (MDM) was used to match sarcoidosis and control patients (N = 389) on clinically relevant baseline covariates.

Results
After MDM and adjustment for surgical time and anesthesia type, sarcoidosis diagnosis corresponded to higher composite 30-day PPC (18.5% vs. 9.3%, adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] = 3.32, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.8–5.8; p < 0.001), sub-composite respiratory failure/insufficiency (10.5% vs. 5.1%, ORadj = 3.31, 95% CI 1.6–6.7; p < 0.001) but not pneumonia (5.7% vs. 3.9%, ORadj = 2.0, 95% CI 0.8–4.8; p = 0.117). The sarcoidosis cohort had longer LOS (ORadj = 2.33, 95% CI 2.0–2.7; p < 0.001). Sarcoidosis diagnosis was not associated with 30-day MACE (12.3% vs. 12.9%, ORadj = 1.43, 95% CI 0.8–2.4; p = 0.192), atrial fibrillation (6.9% vs. 5.7%; p = 0.931), or congestive heart failure events (5.9% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.526).

Conclusions
Sarcoidosis is associated with a twofold increased risk of 30-day PPC, primarily related to an increased incidence of 30-day respiratory failure/insufficiency. This risk appears to be independent of disease staging, but is associated with the presence of sarcoidosis features on preoperative chest radiography. Postoperatively, sarcoidosis patients experience longer hospital LOS, suggesting that when complications occur, they are more resource-intensive, when compared to controls. These findings highlight opportunities to enhance preoperative multi-disciplinary optimization, and suggest that tailored perioperative care strategies for sarcoidosis patients would be beneficial.

Graphical Abstract
The Relationship between Diet and Porous Cranial Lesions in the Southwest United States: A Review
Authors: O'Donnell Lexi , McPherson Cait 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bioarchaeologists commonly record porous cranial lesions (PCLs). They have varied etiologies but are frequently associated with nutritional anemia without a differential diagnosis. This article provides a literature review, evaluates diet in the US Southwest over time, and identifies issues with associating PCLs with poor diet in this region. Generally, diet was adequate across time and space. Although maize was a dietary staple, other food items such as rabbits and amaranth provided complementary micronutrients. PCLs exhibit varied morphologies, which generally correspond with age: those characterized by fine, scattered porosity are associated with younger ages at death. Variation in PCL morphology indicates different and sometimes unrelated etiologies. Nutritional anemia is an insufficient explanation for PCL frequency in the Southwest, partly because the diet was adequate across time.
Improving Humanitarian Emergency Medical Team Operations in Conflict Settings
Authors: Ryder Jessica Ashley , Callaway David , Nelson Erica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The number of conflict-affected individuals is climbing. Humanitarian organizations are increasingly needed to provide medical care when governments lack capacity to care for affected communities. While the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Emergency Medical Team (EMT) initiative provides a verification process for organizations seeking to provide health care in the setting of various disasters, it does not address the unique operational challenges of deployment into conflict-affected communities. One solution is the implementation of a supplemental process similar to current verification procedures, wherein the WHO adopts a policy encouraging teams to complete an additional conflict-oriented verification, based on WHO Red Book recommendations, if they plan to operate in conflict settings The EMT initiative possesses expertise and the convening authority to drive international standards for care provision during health emergencies and is the obvious platform to create a rigorous process to ensure that EMTs in conflict zones are appropriately trained, vetted, and accountable.
Manipulating energy mergence of ultraintense femtosecond laser beamlets in underdense plasmas
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Yu Wenxing , Xu Xinrong , Jiao Jinlong , Wei Yuqing , Jiang Xiangrui , Yin Yan , Yu Tongpu , Zhuo Hongbin , Zou Debin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The propagation of multiple ultraintense femtosecond lasers in underdense plasmas is investigated theoretically and numerically. We find that the energy merging effect between two in-phase seed lasers can be improved by using two obliquely incident guiding lasers whose initial phase is

$\pi$

and

$\pi /2$

ahead of the seed laser. Particle-in-cell simulations show that due to the repulsion and energy transfer of the guiding laser, the peak intensity of the merged light is amplified by more than five times compared to the seed laser. The energy conversion efficiency from all incident lasers to the merged light is up to approximately 60

$\%$

. The results are useful for many applications, including plasma-based optical amplification, charged particle acceleration and extremely intense magnetic field generation.
Into reverse: redesigning veil piercing
Authors: Dignam Alan , Canruh Deniz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper considers the status of reverse veil piercing (RVP) in the UK courts and provides a framework for developing it in a coherent manner. It considers the recent emergence of RVP and then considers the concept of separability with regard to corporate personality and its impact on veil piercing. In doing so it draws out the important difference between RVP, which impacts entity shielding, and forward veil piercing (FVP), which impacts limited liability. It then considers US jurisprudence on RVP and the development of RVP in the Delaware courts, and then the historical development of shadow RVP in the UK courts. The paper concludes that continuing the process begun by the Supreme Court in Hurstwood Properties Ltd v Rossendale Borough Council of unbundling FVP from RVP opens the way for the reemergence of RVP that sets the limits of evasive entity shielding in a similar manner to the Delaware courts and the UK historical shadow case law, while also weighing the wider third party considerations in an RVP. Without this we would argue our law risks judicial intervention through RVP being eroded and evasive entity shielding becoming a mechanism for unscrupulous debtors to avoid outstanding liabilities.
Multiple solutions for some classes of non-linear elliptic equations with variable exponents
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , Figueiredo Giovany M. , Tong Yonghui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article concerns the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following class of non-linear elliptic equations with variable exponents

\begin{equation*}
\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
-\Delta u+\lambda u=f(x,u), \quad \text{in} \quad \mathbb{R}^N, \\
\,u\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^N),\\
\end{array}
\right.
\end{equation*}

where λ > 0,

$N\geq 2$

and

$f:\mathbb{R}^N \times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$

is a function of the following types:

Type 1: The subcritical case:

\begin{equation*}f(x,t)=|t|^{p(\varepsilon x)-2}t, \quad \forall (x,t) \in \mathbb{R}^N\times \mathbb{R}, N\geq3, \end{equation*}

Type 2: The critical case:

\begin{equation*}f(x,t)=\mu|t|^{p(\varepsilon x)-2}t+|t|^{2^*-2}t, \quad \forall (x,t) \in \mathbb{R}^N\times \mathbb{R}, N\geq3, \end{equation*}

Type 3: The exponential subcritical growth case:

\begin{equation*} f(x,t)=\mu|t|^{p(\varepsilon x)-2}te^{\alpha|t|^\beta}, \quad \forall (x,t) \in \mathbb{R}^2\times \mathbb{R}, \end{equation*}

where parameter
ɛ > 0, α > 0,

$\beta \in (0,2)$

,

$2^*=\frac{2N}{N-2}$

if

$N \geq 3$

and

$2^*=+\infty$

if N = 2. Related to the function

$p:\mathbb{R}^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$

, we assume that it is a continuous function with

$p_{\max}, p_{\min} \in (2,2^*)$

, where

$p_{\max}=\displaystyle \max_{x \in \mathbb{R}^N}p(x)$

and

$p_{\min}=\displaystyle \min_{x \in \mathbb{R}^N}p(x)$

.
We show that for each λ > 0 the number of solutions is associated with the number of global maximum or global minimum points of p when ɛ is small enough. The proof of is based on the variational methods, Ekeland’s variational principle, Trundiger–Moser inequality, and the monotonicity of the ground state energy with respect to p. Our results extend those of Cao and Noussair (Multiplicity of positive and nodal solutions for nonlinear elliptic problem in

$\mathbb{R}^{N}$

. Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire. 13 (1996), 567–588) and Ji, Wang and Wu (A monotone property of the ground state energy to the scalar field equation and applications. J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser.100 (2019), 804–824).
On the
$\mu$
-invariant of two-variable
$2$
-adic
$\boldsymbol{L}$
-functions
Authors: Li Yong-Xiong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let

$K={\mathbb {Q}}(\sqrt {-7})$

and

$\mathcal {O}$

the ring of integers in

$K$

. The prime

$2$

splits in

$K$

, say

$2{\mathcal {O}}={\mathfrak {p}}\cdot {\mathfrak {p}}^*$

. Let

$A$

be an elliptic curve defined over

$K$

with complex multiplication by

$\mathcal {O}$

. Assume that

$A$

has good ordinary reduction at both

$\mathfrak {p}$

and

${\mathfrak {p}}^*$

. Write

$K_\infty$

for the field generated by the

$2^\infty$

–division points of

$A$

over

$K$

and let

${\mathcal {G}}={\mathrm {Gal}}(K_\infty /K)$

. In this paper, by adopting a congruence formula of Yager and De Shalit, we construct the two-variable

$2$

-adic

$L$

-function on

$\mathcal {G}$

. Then by generalizing De Shalit’s local structure theorem to the two-variable setting, we prove a two-variable elliptic analogue of Iwasawa’s theorem on cyclotomic fields. As an application, we prove that every branch of the two-variable measure has Iwasawa

$\mu$

invariant zero.
China vs Chinese, Belgium vs Belgian
Authors: Bauer Laurie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In reply to a recent article in English Today by David Li, it is pointed out that the use of a noun as a premodifier rather than an adjective appears to be increasing in English, perhaps particularly in the area of sports. The Australia team seems to be gaining ground at the expense of the Australian team, for example. Just why this should be happening is obscure, but multiple factors appear to be involved in the change. There are also instances where the change appears to be blocked.
The role of substrate characteristics and temperature for potential non-native plant establishment in Maritime Antarctic ecosystems
Authors: Bokhorst Stef , van Logtestijn Richard , Convey Peter , Aerts Rien 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Polar ecosystems are threatened by non-native plants, and this risk will increase with climate warming. Non-native plant growth depends on Antarctic environmental conditions and substrates, but these influences are poorly quantified. Under laboratory conditions we quantified the growth of Holcus lanatus, Trifolium repens and Taraxacum officinale across nine sub-Antarctic and Maritime Antarctic substrates with varying characteristics. This included, among others, variation in carbon (0.2–27.0%), nitrogen (0.03–2.1%) and phosphorus (0.04–0.54%) contents, under simulated Antarctic conditions (2°C) and a warming scenario. Legacy effects from an established non-native chironomid midge (Eretmoptera murphyi) and non-native grasses were included. H. lanatus and T. repens grew best in organic- and nutrient-rich substrates, while T. officinale growth was poorly correlated with substrate characteristics. Warming increased plant size by one to three times, but inconsistently across species and substrates, suggesting that climate change impacts on plant growth will vary across the Maritime Antarctic. A variable response was also observed in the legacy effects of E. murphyi, while non-native grasses increased H. lanatus and T. repens plant size, but not that of T. officinale. Plant growth was positively correlated with substrate organic and phosphorus content, and this information was used to trial a novel approach to identifying sites ‘at risk’ from plant invasions in the Maritime Antarctic.
Forman–Ricci communicability curvature of graphs and networks
Authors: Estrada Ernesto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Geometric parameters in general and curvature in particular play a fundamental role in our understanding of the structure and functioning of real-world networks. Here, the discretisation of the Ricci curvature proposed by Forman is adapted to capture the global influence of the network topology on individual edges of a graph. This is implemented mathematically by assigning communicability distances to edges in the Forman–Ricci definition of curvature. We study analytically both the edge communicability curvature and the global graph curvature and give mathematical characterisations of them. The Forman–Ricci communicability curvature is interpreted ‘physically‘ on the basis of a non-conservative diffusion process taking place on the graph. We then solve analytically a toy model that allows us to understand the fundamental differences between edges with positive and negative Forman–Ricci communicability curvature. We complete the work by analysing three examples of applications of this new graph-theoretic invariant on real-world networks: (i) the network of airport flight connections in the USA, (ii) the neuronal network of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and (iii) the collaboration network of authors in computational geometry, where we strengthen the many potentials of this new measure for the analysis of complex systems.
Who gets picked on and why? The politics of North Korea’s human rights recommendations in the universal periodic review
Authors: Jang Haeun , Woo Byungwon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a human rights mechanism under which all UN members are subject to human rights reviews by other states. Given that North Korea is among the worst human rights violators globally, human rights practitioners and academic research have paid much attention to North Korea as a State under Review (SUR). What is much less known and researched is that North Korea actively engages as a ‘reviewer’, regularly making human rights recommendations to other UN members. Using UPR data from 2008 to 2020, this study explores the political dynamics of North Korean human rights recommendations by identifying to whom North Korea makes recommendations and why. We theorize that North Korea utilizes the UPR as a political arena wherein it pats on the back of politically close states and tries to shame politically antagonistic states. Empirical analysis shows that political closeness with North Korea is the main driver influencing its back-patting and shaming efforts in the UPR. Specifically, politically distant states from North Korea, measured by the UN General Assembly voting affinity and presence of unilateral economic sanctions, receive more condemnations and fewer back-patting recommendations. We also demonstrate that North Korea has become much more active over time in their shaming efforts. These findings suggest that even an isolated country like North Korea can learn how to operate in an international institution and can utilize it strategically.
Gene-Environment Interplay in the Relationship Between Gaming Addiction and Close Friends’ Gaming
Authors: Hur Yoon-Mi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Both peer influences and genetics have been linked to gaming addiction (GA) in adolescents and young adults. This study examined the gene-environment interplay (gene-environment correlation [rGE] and gene-environment interaction [G x E]) between close friends’ gaming (CFG) and GA among South Korean twins. A total of 1462 twins aged 15–29 years (mean = 22.63 ± 2.8 years) completed an online survey that included a 20-item GA measure and a single item assessing CFG. Bivariate Cholesky model-fitting analysis was conducted to examine evidence for rGE in the relationship between GA and CFG. Bivariate G x E model-fitting analysis was performed to determine evidence for G x E effects. A significant genetic correlation (rg = .37; 95% CI [0.24, 0.49]) between GA and CFG supported the role of gene-environment correlation, suggesting that individuals with a genetic predisposition for GA may selectively associate with peers who frequently engage in gaming. The model testing G x E effects indicated that environment-environment interaction was present in the relationship between CFG and GA, such that CFG increased nonshared environmental effects on GA. This pattern provided evidence for peer socialization effects, wherein peers influence the development of GA independently of genetic risk.
Challenges in Unifying Physically Based and Machine Learning Simulations Through Differentiable Modeling: A Land Surface Case Study
Authors: Ahmad Shahryar K. , Kumar Sujay V. , Draper Clara , Reichle Rolf H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDifferentiable geoscientific modeling has shown promise for leveraging machine learning (ML) to unify physically based and data‐based modeling. Here, we critically analyze this promise in the context of large‐scale parameter optimization with the Noah‐MP land model as an example. The differentiable parameter learning framework is used to calibrate Noah‐MP soil and vegetation parameters such that the simulated surface soil moisture better matches satellite observations over the contiguous US. We found that the optimized parameters only marginally improved soil moisture (average RMSE = 0.092 m3 m−3) upon uncalibrated Noah‐MP (RMSE = 0.10 m3 m−3). Scaling and bias correction factors, often used in ML approaches for enhancing generalizability, were found to limit the transferability of the optimized physical parameters to the land model. The global objective function further compromises the algorithm's ability to simultaneously capture contrasting moisture regimes. Addressing these challenges is necessary to advance ML‐based calibration frameworks to better learn and represent the constraints of the physical model.
SETD1A-dependent EME1 transcription drives PARPi sensitivity in HR deficient tumour cells
Authors: Sweatman Ellie , Bayley Rachel , Selemane Richad , Higgs Martin R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cells deficient in DNA repair factors breast cancer susceptibility 1/2 (BRCA1/2) or ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) are sensitive to poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Building on our previous findings, we asked how the lysine methyltransferase SETD1A contributed to PARP inhibitor-mediated cell death in these contexts and determined the mechanisms responsible.

Methods
We used cervical, breast, lung and ovarian cancer cells bearing mutations in BRCA1 or ATM and depleted SETD1A using siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9. We assessed the effects of the PARPi Olaparib on cell viability, homologous recombination, and DNA repair. We assessed underlying transcriptional perturbations using RNAseq. We used The Cancer Genomics Atlas (TCGA) and DepMap to investigate patient survival and cancer cell characteristics.

Results
Loss of SETD1A from both BRCA1-deficient and ATM-deficient cancer cells was associated with resistance to Olaparib, explained by partial restoration of homologous recombination. Mechanistically, SETD1A-dependent transcription of the crossover junction endonuclease EME1 correlated with sensitivity to Olaparib in these cells. Accordingly, when SETD1A or EME1 was lost, BRCA1 or ATM-mutated cells became resistant to Olaparib, and homologous recombination was partially restored.

Conclusions
Loss of SETD1A or EME1 drives cellular resistance to Olaparib in certain genetic contexts and may help explain why patients develop resistance to PARP inhibitors in the clinic.
Another common genetic ataxia in South Korea: Spinocerebellar ataxia 36
Authors: Ahn Jong Hyeon , Lee Seungbok , Moon Jangsup , Han Yoojung , Chang Hyeshik , Youn Jinyoung , Cho Jin Whan , Jang Ja-Hyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) represent a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia. In South Korea, diagnostic laboratories typically focus on common SCA subtypes, leaving the prevalence of rare SCAs uncertain. This study aimed to explore the frequency of rarer forms of SCA, including SCA10, 12, 31, and 36 utilizing molecular techniques including long-read sequencing (LRS). Patients from ataxia cohorts who remained undiagnosed after testing for common genetic ataxias (SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 17, and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy) were analyzed, along with unselected ataxia patients referred for screening of common SCAs. Expanded alleles for SCA10, 12, 31, and 36 were investigated through allele-length PCR, repeat-primed PCR, and LRS. Among 78 patients from 67 families with undiagnosed cerebellar ataxia, SCA36 was identified in 8 families (11.9%), while SCA10, 12, or 31 were not found. In unselected ataxia, SCA36 was present in 1.0% (1/99). Korean SCA36 patients exhibited clinical characteristics similar to global reports, with a higher incidence of hyperreflexia. The haplotype of expanded alleles identified in LRS was consistent among SCA36 patients. The findings indicate that SCA36 accounts for 11.9% of diagnoses after excluding common SCAs and 1.0% in unselected ataxia patients. The study underscores the prevalence of SCA36 in South Korea and emphasizes the potential of LRS as a diagnostic tool for this condition. Integrating LRS into diagnostic protocol could enhance diagnostic efficacy, particularly in populations with a high prevalence of SCA36 like South Korea. Further research is necessary to standardize LRS for routine clinical application.