bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can US Medical Schools Teach About Structural Racism?
Authors: SCHLAFF ANTHONY L. , AMUTAH‐ONUKAGHA NDIDIAMAKA N. , MABIALA DORCAS , KAMRUDDIN JASMIN , ONA FERNANDO F. 
Published: April 2023

Policy Points
There need to be sweeping changes to medical school curricula that addresses structural racism in medicine and how to attend to this in medical practice.
The Liaison Committee on Medical Education should develop and promulgate specific learning objectives and curricular offerings that require medical schools to teach about structural racism and antiracist medical practice in ways that are robust and standardized.
The federal government, through the Health Resources and Services Administration, should prioritize support for antiracism education in medical schools, residency, and continuing medical education in similar ways and with similar effort in scale and scope to its support for primary care, providing technical assistance and grants for programs across the educational spectrum that provide antiracist training.
State governments should mandate, as part of continuing education requirements for physicians, 2 or more hours per recertification cycle of antiracist training.
ContextSince the beginning of COVID‐19 and the rise of social justice movements sparked by the murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor in the summer of 2020, many medical schools have made public statements committing themselves to become antiracist institutions. The notions that US society generally, and medicine, are rife with structural racism no longer seems as controversial in the academic community. Challenges remain, however, in how this basic understanding gets translated into medical education practice. Understanding where the profession must go should start with understanding where we currently are.MethodsPrior to the events of 2020, in the spring of 2018, we conducted nine key informant interviews to learn about the challenges and best practices from schools deemed to be positive deviants in teaching about structural racism.FindingsOur interviews showed that even those schools deemed positive deviants in the amount of teaching done about structural racism faced significant barriers in providing a robust education.ConclusionsSignificant structural change, perhaps far beyond what most schools consider themselves willing and able to engage in, will be necessary if future US physicians are to fully understand and address structural racism as it affects their profession, their practice, and their patients.
Dissemination of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae and associated resistance determinants through global food systems
Authors: Harding‐Crooks Richard , Smith Darren , Fanning Séamus , Fox Edward M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial agents are a critical component of modern healthcare systems, fulfilling a core function in patient care and improving individual patient outcomes and consequently overall public health. However, the efficacy of antimicrobial interventions is being consistently eroded by the emergence and dissemination of various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms. One highly valued class of antimicrobial compounds is carbapenems, which retain efficacy in treating most multidrug‐resistant infections and are considered “last line” agents. Therefore, recent trends in proliferation of carbapenem resistance (CR) via dissemination of carbapenemase‐encoding genes among members of the Enterobacteriaceae family pose a significant threat to public health. While much of the focus relating to this has been on nosocomial environments, community‐acquired carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) infections and their associated transmission routes are less well studied. Among these community‐associated vectors, the role of food chains and contaminated foods is important, since Enterobacteriaceae occupy niches within these settings. This review examines foodborne CPE transmission by exploring how interactions within and between food, the food chain, and agriculture not only promote and disseminate CPE, but also create reservoirs of mobile genetic elements that may lead to further carbapenemase gene proliferation both within and between microbial communities. Additionally, recent developments regarding the global occurrence and molecular epidemiology of CPEs in food chains will be reviewed.
Not just for programmers: How GitHub can accelerate collaborative and reproducible research in ecology and evolution
Authors: Braga Pedro Henrique Pereira , Hébert Katherine , Hudgins Emma J. , Scott Eric R. , Edwards Brandon P. M. , Sánchez Reyes Luna L. , Grainger Matthew J. , Foroughirad Vivienne , Hillemann Friederike , Binley Allison D. , Brookson Cole B. , Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Shafiei Sabet Saeed , Güncan Ali , Weierbach Helen , Gomes Dylan G. E. , Crystal‐Ornelas Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Researchers in ecology and evolutionary biology are increasingly dependent on computational code to conduct research. Hence, the use of efficient methods to share, reproduce, and collaborate on code as well as document research is fundamental. GitHub is an online, cloud‐based service that can help researchers track, organize, discuss, share, and collaborate on software and other materials related to research production, including data, code for analyses, and protocols. Despite these benefits, the use of GitHub in ecology and evolution is not widespread.

To help researchers in ecology and evolution adopt useful features from GitHub to improve their research workflows, we review 12 practical ways to use the platform.

We outline features ranging from low to high technical difficulty, including storing code, managing projects, coding collaboratively, conducting peer review, writing a manuscript, and using automated and continuous integration to streamline analyses. Given that members of a research team may have different technical skills and responsibilities, we describe how the optimal use of GitHub features may vary among members of a research collaboration.

As more ecologists and evolutionary biologists establish their workflows using GitHub, the field can continue to push the boundaries of collaborative, transparent, and open research.
Computational screen to identify potential targets for immunotherapeutic identification and removal of senescence cells
Authors: Deng Eden Z. , Fleishman Reid H. , Xie Zhuorui , Marino Giacomo B. , Clarke Daniel J. B. , Ma'ayan Avi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo prioritize gene and protein candidates that may enable the selective identification and removal of senescent cells, we compared gene expression signatures from replicative senescent cells to transcriptomics and proteomics atlases of normal human tissues and cell types. RNA‐seq samples from in vitro senescent cells (6 studies, 13 conditions) were analyzed for identifying targets at the gene and transcript levels that are highly expressed in senescent cells compared to their expression in normal human tissues and cell types. A gene set made of 301 genes called SenoRanger was established based on consensus analysis across studies and backgrounds. Of the identified senescence‐associated targets, 29% of the genes in SenoRanger are also highly differentially expressed in aged tissues from GTEx. The SenoRanger gene set includes previously known as well as novel senescence‐associated genes. Pathway analysis that connected the SenoRanger genes to their functional annotations confirms their potential role in several aging and senescence‐related processes. Overall, SenoRanger provides solid hypotheses about potentially useful targets for identifying and removing senescence cells.
Development and validation of the C‐SHADE scale for measuring perpetration of common sexually harassing and aggressive behaviors in drinking environments
Authors: Graham Kathryn , Bernards Sharon , Abbey Antonia , Senn Charlene , Dumas Tara M. , Trudell AnnaLise , Donnelly Peter D. , Wells Samantha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSexual aggression (SA) is ubiquitous in drinking environments. Although such behavior is often seen as normal and acceptable, the targets of SA experience many negative consequences. This research aimed to develop a valid measure of common acts of SA in drinking settings for estimating prevalence and evaluating prevention initiatives.MethodsWe developed a questionnaire measure of common acts of sexual harassment and aggression in drinking environments (C‐SHADE) based on descriptions of SA behavior from our own and others' research. The measure was validated in a cross‐sectional survey of 335 men aged 19 to 25 using webpanels from an online survey company. Validation measures included: a modified version of the Sexual Experiences Survey (M‐SES), measures of SA by peers in drinking environments, SA‐related attitudes, expectancies about sexual effects of alcohol, and alcohol consumption.ResultsThe C‐SHADE showed high internal consistency (α = 0.96) and was significantly correlated with M‐SES (r = 0.52), SA by peers (r = 0.61 to 0.70), SA‐related attitudes/expectations (r = 0.38 to 0.55), and measures of alcohol consumption (r = 0.22 to 0.36). Overall, 71.9% of participants reported SA using the C‐SHADE versus 24.7% with the M‐SES. We compared the responses of participants who reported perpetration on both measures (N = 83), on only the C‐SHADE (N = 141), and among nonperpetrators (N = 89; excluding four participants who reported perpetration only on the M‐SES). The M‐SES/C‐SHADE perpetrators scored significantly higher than C‐SHADE‐only perpetrators and nonperpetrators on most SA‐related and drinking measures, while C‐SHADE‐only perpetrators scored significantly higher than nonperpetrators on peer SA and two attitude measures.ConclusionsThe C‐SHADE is suitable for measuring prevalence and evaluating interventions in drinking settings. The C‐SHADE confirmed a high prevalence of SA in drinking settings and identified an important group of C‐SHADE‐only perpetrators for whom interventions that focus on situational precipitators of SA in drinking settings may be especially useful.
The balanced scorecard: Do managers need a strategy map when evaluating performance?
Authors: Humphreys Kerry A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrior research establishes a judgemental bias towards common measures when managers evaluate performance using the balanced scorecard. In an experimental study, I examine the role of a strategy map when evaluating performance in a boundary condition setting for this bias with performance measures strategically linked and both narrative strategy information and a strategy map provided. I manipulate the presence of a strategy map and find that managers who receive a strategy map develop greater strategic causal relationship knowledge when evaluating performance than managers who receive narrative strategy information only. Additional analyses indicate the bias is absent from managers' judgements in both conditions.
Muddy waters: Mega‐herbivores as agents of change in African shallow freshwaters
Authors: Wasserman Ryan J. , Dalu Tatenda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLarge herbivores have been described as agents of change in terrestrial habitats. Their effect on aquatic ecosystems are, however, underexplored. We raise the question of whether elephants and hippopotamus have the potential to significantly alter limnological properties and, indirectly, primary and secondary productivity within small and shallow freshwaters in arid and semi‐arid African landscapes. In this note we discuss hypothetical means by which elephants and hippopotamus alter shallow freshwater bodies. We further assimilate this with known ways by which these mega‐herbivores alter aquatic environments giving an overview of their potential functional role in structuring aquatic habitats.
CAR T in patients with large B‐cell lymphoma not fit for autologous transplant
Authors: Kuhnl A. , Kirkwood A. A. , Roddie C. , Menne T. , Tholouli E. , Bloor A. , Besley C. , Chaganti S. , Osborne W. , Norman J. , Gibb A. , Sharplin K. , Cuadrado M. , Correia de Farias M. , Cheok K. , Neill L. , Latif A. L. , González Arias C. , Uttenthal B. , Jones C. , Johnson R. , McMillan A. , Sanderson R. , Townsend W. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryLarge B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL) patients with comorbidities and/or advanced age are increasingly considered for treatment with CD19 CAR T, but data on the clinical benefit of CAR T in the less fit patient population are still limited. We analysed outcomes of consecutive patients approved for treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi‐cel) or tisagenlecleucel (tisa‐cel) by the UK National CAR T Clinical Panel, according to fitness for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). 81/404 (20%) of approved patients were deemed unfit for ASCT. Unfit patients were more likely to receive tisa‐cel versus axi‐cel (52% vs. 48%) compared to 20% versus 80% in ASCT‐fit patients; p < 0.0001. The drop‐out rate from approval to infusion was significantly higher in the ASCT‐unfit group (34.6% vs. 23.5%; p = 0.042). Among infused patients, response rate, progression‐free and overall survival were similar in both cohorts. CAR T was well‐tolerated in ASCT‐unfit patients with an incidence of grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity of 2% and 11%, respectively. Results from this multicentre real‐world cohort demonstrate that CD19 CAR T can be safely delivered in carefully selected older patients and patients with comorbidities who are not deemed suitable for transplant.
Screening and introduction of key cell cycle microRNAs deregulated in colorectal cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Firouzjaei Ali Ahmadizad , Sharifi Kazem , Khazaei Majid , Mohammadi‐Yeganeh Samira , Aghaee‐Bakhtiari Seyed Hamid 
Published: April 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men worldwide. Impaired cell cycle regulation leads to many cancers and is also approved in CRC. Therefore, cell cycle regulation is a critical therapeutic target for CRC. Furthermore, miRNAs have been discovered as regulators in a variety of cancer‐related pathways. This study is designed to investigate how miRNAs and mRNAs interact to regulate the cell cycle in CRC patients. Utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), cell cycle‐associated genes were identified and evaluated. Seven of the 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) implicated in the cell cycle in three GSEs (GSE24514, GSE10950, and GSE74604) were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Then, using PyRx software, we performed docking proteins with selected drugs. The results demonstrated that these drugs are appropriate molecules for targeting cell cycle DEGs. Tarbase, miRTarbase, miRDIP, and miRCancer databases were used to find miRNAs that target the indicated genes. The ability of these six miRNAs to impact the cell cycle in colorectal cancer may be concluded. These miRNAs were found to be downregulated in SW480 cells when compared to the normal tissue. Our data imply that a precise selection of bioinformatics tools can facilitate the identification of miRNAs that impact mRNA translation at different stages of the cell cycle. The candidates can be investigated more as targets for cell cycle arrest in cancers.
Megf10‐related engulfment of excitatory postsynapses by astrocytes following severe brain injury
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Xu Xiaojian , Li Hao , Niu Fei , Yang Mengshi , Ge Qianqian , Lu Shenghua , Deng Yu , Wu Hongbin , Zhang Bin , Liu Baiyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate astrocyte‐related phagocytosis of synapses in the ipsilateral hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsWe performed controlled cortical impact to simulate TBI in mice. Seven days postinjury, we performed cognitive tests, synapse quantification, and examination of astrocytic phagocytosis in association with Megf10 expression.ResultsDuring the subacute stage post‐TBI, we found a reduction in excitatory postsynaptic materials in the ipsilateral hippocampus, which was consistent with poor performance in the cognitive test. The transcriptome data suggested that robust phagocytosis was responsible for this process. Coincidently, we identified phagocytic astrocytes containing secondary lysosomes that were wrapped around the synapses in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Moreover, a significant increase in the co‐location of GFAP and PSD‐95 in the CA1 region suggested astrocytic engulfment of excitatory postsynaptic proteins. After examining the reported phagocytic pathways, we found that both the transcription level and protein expression of Megf10 were elevated. Co‐immunofluorescence of GFAP and Megf10 demonstrated that the expression of Megf10 was spatially upregulated in astrocytes, exclusively in the CA1 region, and was related to the astrocytic engulfment of PSD‐95.ConclusionOur study elaborated that the Megf10‐related astrocytic engulfment of PSD‐95 in the CA1 region of the ipsilateral hippocampus aggravated cognitive dysfunction following severe TBI.
m6A promotes planarian regeneration
Authors: Cui Guanshen , Zhou Jia‐Yi , Ge Xin‐Yang , Sun Bao‐Fa , Song Ge‐Ge , Wang Xing , Wang Xiu‐Zhi , Zhang Rui , Wang Hai‐Lin , Jing Qing , Koziol Magdalena J. , Zhao Yong‐Liang , Zeng An , Zhang Wei‐Qi , Han Da‐Li , Yang Yun‐Gui , Yang Ying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRegeneration is the regrowth of damaged tissues or organs, a vital process in response to damages from primitive organisms to higher mammals. Planarian possesses active whole‐body regenerative capability owing to its vast reservoir of adult stem cells, neoblasts, providing an ideal model to delineate the underlying mechanisms for regeneration. RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification participates in many biological processes, including stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation, in particular the regeneration of haematopoietic stem cells and axons. However, how m6A controls regeneration at the whole‐organism level remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the depletion of m6A methyltransferase regulatory subunit wtap abolishes planarian regeneration, potentially through regulating genes related to cell–cell communication and cell cycle. Single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) analysis unveils that the wtap knockdown induces a unique type of neural progenitor‐like cells (NP‐like cells), characterized by specific expression of the cell–cell communication ligand grn. Intriguingly, the depletion of m6A‐modified transcripts grn, cdk9 or cdk7 partially rescues the defective regeneration of planarian caused by wtap knockdown. Overall, our study reveals an indispensable role of m6A modification in regulating whole‐organism regeneration.
IRF8 may be a useful marker for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, especially with weak CD123 expression
Authors: Tang Haiming , Panse Gauri , Braddock Demetrios , Perincheri Sudhir , Xu Mina L. , McNiff Jennifer M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe highlight the utility of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a novel marker of monocytic and dendritic cell lineages, in the diagnosis of a case of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) presenting initially in the skin. A 60‐year‐old male with a previous history of myelodysplastic syndrome presented with cutaneous nodules on chest and scalp. A punch biopsy specimen of a skin nodule showed a diffuse dermal infiltrate of atypical mononuclear cells. The neoplastic cells expressed CD4, CD56, CD43, and TdT but showed minimal reaction for TCL‐1 and CD123, and were negative for CD34, CD117, and MPO, confounding the diagnosis. IRF8 performed in retrospect was strongly positive. A new punch biopsy specimen of a chest nodule showed the blastoid tumor cells were positive for TCL‐1, CD4, and CD56, but dim CD123. Subsequent bone marrow involvement showed blastoid tumor cells with intense positivity for CD123, CD4, and CD56, which was supportive of the BPDCN diagnosis. BPDCN cases with weak or variable CD123 and TCL‐1 expression represent a potential diagnostic pitfall. In a recent study, 15 cases of BPDCN showed uniformly strong staining for IRF8, while CD123 was dim or negative in 4 of these 15 cases. We suggest IRF8 may be a useful marker for BPDCN, especially in cases with weak or variable expression of CD123 and TCL1.
The quest for ICO: Identifying and prioritising the factors influencing initial coin offering selection
Authors: Wats Sangeeta , Singh Simarjeet , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInitial coin offerings (ICOs) have emerged as a niche source of entrepreneurial financing and a novel investment option that has appealed to investors. The present study aims to identify and prioritise factors that attract investors in the ICO selection process, thus providing valuable insights in improving their decision‐making process. To examine this objective, data were collected from respondents of four continents who had invested in ICO. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process was applied to prioritise the factors inducing the decision‐making process of the respondents. Ideological factors, white paper, return expectations and behavioural factors emerged as the top four factors, respectively, that influenced the selection process. In contrast, technological factors appeared to be the least significant factor driving the selection process. This is the first kind of research that deals with the identification and prioritisation of factors and sub‐factors regarding the ICO selection decision‐making. The study will be of huge relevance to investors as it will offer them better clarity regarding the spectrum of factors and sub‐factors that impact their ICO selection process and simultaneously extend guidelines that will help them invest more rationally and strategically. The study will also ensure that issuers devise and design their ICO effectively to draw investors eventually leading to its success. Consequently, the study will serve the policymakers to establish a framework to enhance investors’ protection from any unscrupulous practices.
Do bank managers signal through cash flow statements?
Authors: Saito Yoshie , Yasuda Yukihiro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe empirically examine the cash flow statements for Japanese banks and whether their managers engage in classification shifting to temper concerns about risk exposure. To create a buffer against liquidity shocks, they shift cash flows from investing and/or financing activities to operating activities. We also find robust evidence that classification shifting intensifies in higher risk situations. Although prior research on managerial discretion focuses on earning management, we are the first to show cash flow management to avoid sequential negative changes in operating cash flows. We show that these activities convey valuable information about changes in banks' risk exposure.