bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic regulation of nodule structure and assimilated carbon distribution by nitrate in soybean
Authors: Li Sha , Wu Chengbin , Liu Hao , Lyu Xiaochen , Xiao Fengsheng , Zhao Shuhong , Ma Chunmei , Yan Chao , Liu Zhilei , Li Hongyu , Wang Xuelai , Gong Zhenping 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe nitrate regulates soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation systemically, mainly in inhibiting nodule growth and reducing nodule nitrogenase activity, but the reason for its inhibition is still inconclusive.MethodsThe systemic effect of nitrate on nodule structure, function, and carbon distribution in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was studied in a dual-root growth system, with both sides inoculated with rhizobia and only one side subjected to nitrate treatment for four days. The non-nodulating side was genetically devoid of the ability to form nodules. Nutrient solutions with nitrogen concentrations of 0, 100, and 200 mg L-1 were applied as KNO3 to the non-nodulating side, while the nodulating side received a nitrogen-free nutrient solution. Carbon partitioning in roots and nodules was monitored using 13C-labelled CO2. Other nodule responses were measured via the estimation of the nitrogenase activity and the microscopic observation of nodule ultrastructure.ResultsElevated concentrations of nitrate applied on the non-nodulating side caused a decrease in the number of bacteroids, fusion of symbiosomes, enlargement of the peribacteroid spaces, and onset of degradation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules, which is a form of carbon storage in bacteroids. These microscopic observations were associated with a strong decrease in the nitrogenase activity of nodules. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the assimilated carbon is more likely to be allocated to the non-nodulating roots, as follows from the competition for carbon between the symbiotic and non-symbiotic sides of the dual-root system.ConclusionWe propose that there is no carbon competition between roots and nodules when they are indirectly supplied with nitrate, and that the reduction of carbon fluxes to nodules and roots on the nodulating side is the mechanism by which the plant systemically suppresses nodulation under nitrogen-replete conditions.
The effect of nonlinear pedagogy on the acquisition of game skills in a territorial game
Authors: Chow Jia Yi , Meerhoff Laurentius A. , Choo Corliss Zhi Yi , Button Chris , Tan Benjamin Su-Jim 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionNonlinear Pedagogy (NP), underpinned by Ecological Dynamics, provides a suitable pedagogical approach for practitioners (e.g., Physical Educators, coaches) to encourage exploratory learning that is learner-centered even in Traditional Sporting Games (TSG) that could be represented by invasion or territorial-like games. NP involves the manipulation of constraints which form boundaries for interacting components to self-organize, facilitating the emergence of goal-directed behaviours. Key pedagogical principles relating to representativeness, manipulation of constraints, awareness of focus of attention instructions, task simplification and the functional role of noise can encourage exploratory learning that helps develop 21st century competencies. This is in contrast to a Linear Pedagogy (LP) approach that is more teacher-centered and focuses on repetition in practices to promote movement form consistency in enhancing the acquisition of movement skills. Little is known about the effectivity of NP in the learning and transfer of invasion games. The aims of this study were to: (a) determine the impact of NP on the teaching and learning of an invasion game in the Physical Education (PE) context; (b) examine the transferability of game skills to other games in the same game category (i.e., floorball as a territorial game in this study).Methods224 (between 12 to 13 years old) students underwent a 10-week intervention program to learn to play an invasion game (football) with either a NP or LP approach (i.e., repetitive and prescriptive drills).ResultsPerformance outcome data were measured during Pre, Post, Retention, Transfer test 1 (larger playing area) and Transfer test 2 (floorball). Significant improvements in several performance outcome and game play measures in football was observed for the NP condition. Fewer improvements in the same measures were found for the LP condition.DiscussionEvidence for transfer of learning for NP was not as strong as anticipated although there was still some potential for encouraging transfer of learning. The key findings from this study further challenge the “one-size fits all” philosophy in the teaching of PE. Both LP and NP approaches would have a role to play in supporting teaching and learning which could be context dependent.
Adaptation and initial psychometric study of the anxiety and fear of COVID-19 scale in the United Kingdom population
Authors: Morgado-Toscano Cristina , Allande-Cussó Regina , Fagundo-Rivera Javier , Navarro-Abal Yolanda , Climent-Rodríguez Jose Antonio , Gómez-Salgado Juan 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was the initial psychometric study to validate the anxiety and fear of COVID-19 (AMICO) assessment scale in the general population of the United Kingdom population.Materials and methodsA descriptive, cross-sectional, psychometric validation and descriptive study was conducted, performing univariate and bivariate analyses, as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsThe sample was 658 people living in the United Kingdom over 16 years. Of the total, 80.5% were female, with a mean age of 48.25 years (SD = 14.861). A mean score for the AMICO scale of 4.85 (SD = 2.398) was obtained, with a range of scores from 1 to 10. The study of percentiles and quartiles allowed for the identification of three proposed levels of anxiety.ConclusionThe AMICO_UK scale is reliable to measure the presence of anxiety and fear related to the COVID-19 disease in the United Kingdom population. The majority of the United Kingdom population presented low levels of anxiety and fear at the time the scale was administered.
Patterns of mental healthcare provision in rural areas: A demonstration study in Australia and Europe
Authors: Salinas-Perez Jose A. , Gutierrez-Colosia Mencia R. , Garcia-Alonso Carlos R. , Furst Mary Anne , Tabatabaei-Jafari Hossein , Kalseth Jorid , Perkins David , Rosen Alan , Rock Daniel , Salvador-Carulla Luis 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionMental healthcare systems are primarily designed to urban populations. However, the specific characteristics of rural areas require specific strategies, resource allocation, and indicators which fit their local conditions. This planning process requires comparison with other rural areas. This demonstration study aimed to describe and compare specialized rural adult mental health services in Australia, Norway, and Spain; and to demonstrate the readiness of the healthcare ecosystem approach and the DESDE-LTC mapping tool (Description and Evaluation of Services and Directories of Long Term Care) for comparing rural care between countries and across areas.MethodsThe study described and classified the services using the DESDE-LTC. The analyses included context analysis, care availability, placement capacity, balance of care, and diversity of care. Additionally, readiness (Technology Readiness Levels - TRL) and impact analyses (Adoption Impact Ladder - AIL) were also assessed by two independent raters.ResultsThe findings demonstrated the usability of the healthcare ecosystem approach and the DESDE-LTC to map and identify differences and similarities in the pattern of care of highly divergent rural areas. Day care had a greater weight in the European pattern of care, while it was replaced by social outpatient care in Australian areas. In contrast, care coordination was more common in Australia, pointing to a more fragmented system that requires navigation services. The share between hospital and community residential care showed no differences between the two regions, but there were differences between catchment areas. The healthcare ecosystem approach showed a TRL 8 (the tool has been demonstrated in a real-world environment and it is ready for release and general use) and an AIL of 5 (the target public agencies provided resources for its completion). Two experts evaluated the readiness of the use of DESDE-LTC in their respective regional studies. All of them were classified using the TRL.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study strongly supports gathering data on the provision of care in rural areas using standardized methods to inform rural service planning. It provides information on context and service availability, capacity and balance of care that may improve, directly or through subsequent analyses, the management and planning of services in rural areas.
Individual and Contextual Factors Associated With Malaria Among Children 6–59 Months in Burkina Faso
Authors: Sere Ibrahima Stephane , Bado Aristide Romaric 
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study aims to understand the individual and contextual factors associated with malaria among children aged 6–59 months in Burkina Faso.Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data extracted from the Burkina Faso Malaria Indicator Survey 2017–2018. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse socio-demographic characteristics. We performed a multilevel logistic regression model to highlight individual and contextual factors of children’s exposure to malaria.Results: Our analysis included 5,822 children aged 6–59 months. Of these, 15% had a positive rapid diagnostic test. Factors associated with malaria among children 6–59 months were age, maternal education, household wealth, rural residence, and region. The variability in malaria exposure was 16% attributable to the strata level and 23% to the primary sampling unit level. Some factors, such as the family’s socio-economic status, access to hospital care, and place of living, were positively associated withs malaria cases in children.Conclusion: The study identified some individual and contextual determinants of malaria among children aged 6–59 months in Burkina Faso. Taking them into account for the design and implementation of policies will undeniably help in the fight against malaria in Burkina Faso.
Long-Term Visit-To-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Population: A Retrospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Zhou Rui , Li Fu-Rong , Liu Kuan , Huang Rui-Dian , Liu Hua-Min , Yuan Ze-Lin , Zheng Jia-Zhen , Zou Meng-Chen , Wu Xian-Bo 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To examine the association between visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) risk in a Chinese population.Methods: Data comes from China Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 15,084). BPV was estimated as the average real variability (ARV) using at least three BP measurements from the year preceding the event and was divided into quartiles. Participants were also categorized into 9 groups on the basis of combinations of systolic BPV (SBPV) and diastolic BPV (DBPV) tertiles. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used.Results: During a median follow-up of 16.8 years, 1,030 (6.8%) participants developed diabetes (incidence rate: 4.65/1,000 person-years). The HRs (95% CIs) for the highest quartile (vs. the lowest quartile) of SBPV and DBPV were 1.60 (1.30–1.97) and 1.37 (1.13–1.67), respectively. Participants with both highest SBPV and DBPV tertile had an ≈89% higher risk of DM (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.47–2.42) compared with those in the both SBPV and DBPV tertile 1 group.Conclusion: Higher SBP ARV and DBP ARV were independently associated with increased risk of incident DM, which was augmented when both presented together.
The Syllable according to Aristotle
Authors: Kleiner Yuri 
Published: February 2023

Les commentateurs modernes ont critiqué la définition de la syllabe selon Aristote («un son dépourvu de signification, composé d’une muette et d’une voyelle » ) au motif qu’elle ne tiendrait pas compte des syllabes constituées d’une unique voyelle. Cependant, de telles syllabes ne pouvaient être que «longues par nature » , (/ C -/), quantitativement/ métriquement égales aux syllabes «longues par position/ convention/ institution » (/ C C-C/) et à la séquence dissyllabique / C C /, plutôt
qu’aux unités constructionnelles, /CV/, composées de deux unités élémentaires (στοιχεία) faisant partie de l’inventaire phonologique. Ainsi comprise, la syllabe d’Aristote aurait pu figurer parmi les notions phonologiques de base. L’inscription de la syllabe dans la catégorie du «non-signifiant», rapportée à la cohérence aristotélicienne de la distinction entre sons «signifiants» et «non-signifiants», suggère que l’idée de signe linguistique est implicitement présente dans le système aristotélicien des «parties de l’expression».
Building a Machine Learning-based Ambulance Dispatch Triage Model for Emergency Medical Services
Authors: Wang Han , Ng Qin Xiang , Arulanandam Shalini , Tan Colin , Ong Marcus E. H. , Feng Mengling 
Published: February 2023

Background
In charge of dispatching the ambulances, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) call center specialists often have difficulty deciding the acuity of a case given the information they can gather within a limited time. Although there are protocols to guide their decision-making, observed performance can still lack sensitivity and specificity. Machine learning models have been known to capture complex relationships that are subtle, and well-trained data models can yield accurate predictions in a split of a second.

Methods
In this study, we proposed a proof-of-concept approach to construct a machine learning model to better predict the acuity of emergency cases. We used more than 360,000 structured emergency call center records of cases received by the national emergency call center in Singapore from 2018 to 2020. Features were created using call records, and multiple machine learning models were trained.

Results
A Random Forest model achieved the best performance, reducing the over-triage rate by an absolute margin of 15% compared to the call center specialists while maintaining a similar level of under-triage rate.

Conclusions
The model has the potential to be deployed as a decision support tool for dispatchers alongside current protocols to optimize ambulance dispatch triage and the utilization of emergency ambulance resources.
Improvement of on-pixel polarizer with 0.35 μm CMOS process for electro-optic imaging systems
Authors: Okada Ryoma , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Mizuno Maya , Takehara Hironari , Haruta Makito , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Ohta Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an improved on-pixel polarizer structure for an image sensor, which was fabricated using the 0.35 μm standard CMOS process with dual metal layers (Metal 1 and Metal 2), i.e. two layers of gratings with metal-wiring layers were stacked. By designing the line/space ratio as 0.7/0.7 μm, the extinction ratio was significantly improved at a wavelength of 780 nm, which was over 1.4 times higher than that of a single-layer grating, and the detection sensitivity of the polarization change was enhanced by more than 1.8 times. We also demonstrated electro-optical imaging at radio frequency using this image sensor.
Wide-range and low supply dependency MOSFET-based temperature sensor utilizing statistical properties of scaled MOSFETs
Authors: Ota Shinichi , Islam Mahfuzul , Hisakado Takashi , Wada Osami 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a MOSFET-based temperature sensing method capable of high-accuracy temperature estimation across a wide temperature range while having a low supply voltage dependency. Existing MOSFET-based sensors, while capable of low-power operation, suffer from low sensing accuracy and a narrow sensing range. The proposed method utilizes per-MOSFET parameter variations seen in scaled CMOS processes. By measuring a statistical parameter of sub-threshold drain currents, we can extract a complimentary temperature value. To prove the feasibility of our method, we measure six chips fabricated with a commercial 65 nm process. The proposed method achieves a sensing accuracy of −0.54/ + 0.43 °C within a temperature range of −20 °C to 120 °C at a supply voltage of 1.2 V. In addition, the proposed method has a worst-case supply dependency of only 1.8 °C V−1 at 20 °C.
Luminescent iron disilicide film growth by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Akiyama Kensuke , Itakura Masaru 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Semiconducting iron disilicide (β-FeSi2) films were epitaxially grown on the Ag-layer pre-coated Si(111) substrates with an initial β-FeSi2 layer by the metal–organic chemical vapor deposition method. These β-FeSi2 films had (101)-preferred orientations, and their crystal quality was improved as the growth temperature increased from 893 to 1093 K. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the (101)-oriented β-FeSi2 films grown at 973 K was larger than those of β-FeSi2 films at the other deposition temperatures, which indicates the decrease of the density of nonradiative recombination centers in β-FeSi2. A clear A-band emission originated from β-FeSi2 was observed for these films up to 285 K. This pronounced PL intensity enhancement from β-FeSi2 is attributed not only to the crystallinity evaluated by XRD measurement but also to the decrease in density of thermal equilibrium Si vacancy in β-FeSi2.
Investigation on the temperature coefficient of frequency performance of LiNbO3 on quartz and glass surface acoustic wave resonators
Authors: Guo Yong , Kadota Michio , Tanaka Shuji 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
High impedance ratio (Z-ratio), low temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) and spurious free characteristic are three main requirements for surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators. The reported LiTaO3/Quartz (Qz) hetero acoustic layer (HAL) resonator can satisfy them, but the bandwidth is too narrow. LiNbO3 (LN) is suitable for wideband resonators, but the TCF is too large due to its high coupling factor. In this work, we study wideband HAL SAW resonators combining LN and three kinds of substrates with positive TCF and small coefficient of thermal expansion, including Qz, ABC-G and ZERO glasses. By simulation, the Euler angles of (0°, 101°, 0°) for LN, (0°, 160°, 90°) for Qz, and the 0.1–0.2λ (λ is the wavelength) LN thickness are used. Results show LN/Qz, LN/ABC-G and LN/ZERO exhibit Z-ratio of 82.7 dB, 76.2 dB and 76.2 dB, respectively. LN/ABC-G shows the lowest TCF of −61 ppm C−1 at resonance frequency and −62 ppm C−1 at anti-resonance frequency.
Pulsed laser deposition of ZnGa2O4 thin films on Al2O3 and Si substrates for deep optoelectronic devices applications
Authors: Guo Anqi , Zhang Lichun , Cao Ning , Lu Taiping , Zhu Yadan , Dan Tian  , Zhou Zhiying , He Shunli , Xia Bin , Zhao Fengzhou 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Due to the ultra-wideband gap, high transmittance in the ultraviolet (UV) region, and excellent environmental stability, zinc gallium oxide (ZnGa2O4) has attracted considerable interest in deep-ultraviolet photodetectors. Here, ZnGa2O4 thin film was fabricated on different substrates by pulsed laser deposition with a post-annealing process under an oxygen atmosphere. It is found that the substrates have a great impact on the morphology, structure, and crystal quality of thin film. After annealing, the thin film quality has been improved. The metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector shows excellent reproducible characteristics and fast response performance, which demonstrates great potential in next-generation optoelectronic devices.
Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran Kitab Salaf Dalam Mengembangkan Spiritual Quotient Siswa MI Al Rosyid Bojonegoro
Authors: Majid M Rofiqul , Fitria Sufatul , Roziq M Ilham Ainur , Lailiyah Siti 
Published: February 2023

<p><em>Spiritual Quotient (SQ) adalah salah satu kecerdasan yang berada di bagian diri seseorang yang berhubungan dengan kebijaksanaan di luar ego atau pikir sadar. Dengan memiliki spiritual quotient manusia selain mengakui ajaran nilai-nilai yang ada, mereka juga secara kreatif menemukan nilai spiritual yang baru.</em><em> Salah satu bentuk usaha melatih dan mengembangkan kecerdasan spiritual atau SQ sejak dini adalah dengan membuat program pembelajaran yang mendukung pengembangan SQ siswa di tingkat dasar. Seperti program pembelajaran kitab salaf yang dilakukan MI Al Rosyid Bojonegoro. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah </em> <em>untuk mengevaluasi implementasi program pembelajaran kitab salaf di MI Al Rosyid dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan spiritual. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluatif yang menggunakan model CIPP. Data diperoleh dari dua sumber, 1) data primer yang diperoleh dari Kepala Sekolah, Guru Salaf, dan 18 Siswa Kelas V; 2) data sekunder didapatkan dari hasil dokumen-dokumen lain yang terkait untuk melengkapi data primer. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan kuesioner. Data yang terkumpul, kemudian dideskripsikan dalam bentuk naratif. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis meluai tiga tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan pengambilan kesimpulan.</em><em> Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pelaksanaan pemebelajaran kitab salaf di MI Al Rasyid Bojonegoro cukup efektif dilihat dari hasil aspek komponen produk. Sedangkan pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran kitab salaf berada pada kategori baik, tetapi ada beberapa indikator yang masih perlu diperbaiki lagi, seperti penyampaian materi oleh guru dan pemanfaatan media serta sumber belajar perlu di-improve lagi supaya pembelajaran lebih optimal.</em></p>
Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan Orangtua terhadap Kemandirian Siswa Mengerjakan Tugas Rumah
Authors: Susanti Murina Arum 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh tingkat pendidikan orang tua terhadap kemandirian mengerjakan tugas rumah siswa SD N 2 Telawah tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah angket dan dokumentasi. Angket digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kemandirian mengerjakan tugas rumah siswa sedangkan untuk dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data tingkat pendidikan orang tua siswa analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak adanya pengaruh tingkat pendidikan orang tua terhadap kemandirian mengerjakan tugas rumah siswa. Dengan hasil perhitungan Freg 0,04 untuk taraf signifikansi 5 % Ft =2,60 jadi dapat dibuktikan bahwa regresinya tidak signifikan. Dan untuk seberapa besar pengaruhnya antara tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan kemandirian mengerjakan tugas rumah siswa hanya mempengaruhi 0,49% sedangkan sisanya 99,51 % dipengaruhi oeh faktor lain. Jadi dalam penelitian ini kemandirian siswa dalam mengerjakan tugas rumah bukan dipengaruhi faktor tingkat pendidikan orang tua melainkan dari faktor lain yaitu keluarga, sekolah, media massa dan pola asuh orang tua.