bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
II. Il testamentum militis alla luce delle epigrafi funerarie
Authors: Castagnino Francesco 
Published: June 2023

Summary
This study proposes a different analysis of the Roman military testament by focusing on the information obtained from soldiers’ funerary inscriptions. It aims above all to verify the application of the rules of testamentum militis in practice. On the other hand, it intends to explain some testamentary practices used by the soldiers serving in different territories and to define some problems of military testamentary law, for example, that of the testamenti factio activa of the soldiers without Roman citizenship.
III. The actio utilis in case of pignus nominis
Authors: Smit A.J.H. 
Published: June 2023

Summary
In Roman law, a creditor could establish a security right by pledging his claim (nomen) against a third person. In case of pignus nominis, the praetor granted the pledgee an actio utilis, which he could use to demand performance from the debtor of the claim that had been pledged to him. The prevailing doctrine with regard to the actio utilis in case of pignus nominis is that this action was formulated after the example of the actio Serviana. Smit explains that in her opinion the praetor did not shape the actio utilis after the actio Serviana, but after the action that the pledgor would have had against his debtor if he himself would have demanded performance from his debtor. Smit discusses the technique the praetor used, compares pignus nominis with assignment and proposes a reconstruction of the formula of the actio utilis that was given in case of pignus nominis.
De principis salute consulere: Zur Praxis der hochverräterischen Erforschung der Lebenserwartung des Kaisers oder des Namens seines Nachfolgers
Authors: Manthe Ulrich 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

De principis salute consulere: The practice of highly treasonable exploration of the emperor’s life expectance or of his successor’s name. The article introduces two procedures of the fortune-telling exploration mentioned in Coll. 15,2,3, until now not described in detail in legal historical papers. The first procedure was an algorithm for determining the reigning emperor’s life expectance described in a 4th century magical papyrus, having a Chinese parallel text of the 3th or 4th century; though the Chinese algorithm was made for another use, there was a remarkably structural similarity to the papyrus algorithm. The second procedure was performed in 371 A. D. for determining the name of the still reigning emperor’s successor, imitating the Delphic oracle ritual; it was sometimes mentioned by Byzantine historians.
VII. Berechtigende Verträge zugunsten Dritter im griechischen Recht?
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Contract in favour of a third party in Greek law. The article deals with the question of whether Greek law knew a contract in favour of a third party. For this purpose, inscriptions, literary sources and deeds from Greco-Roman Egypt are examined, which are presented in the literature as evidence for the existence of a contract in favour of a third party. The article comes to the conclusion that there is no reliable evidence for the existence of an entitling contract in favour of third parties in Greek law.
Zur Textkritik von D. 2,14,37 (Papir. 2 const.)
Authors: Zahn Bastian 
Published: June 2023

Summary
D. 2,14,37 (Papir. 2 const.) records a rescript by Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus prohibiting the relief of debts owed to the colony of Philippi. As preserved in the Codex Florentinus this text is corrupt, but it can be restored, based on the Vulgate manuscripts, the Basilica, and the scholia thereto.
Der praetor, der iudex und die Solidarobligationen
Authors: Schmieder Philipp 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Praetor, iudex and solidary obligations. In broad terms, in a classical Roman lawsuit the praetor took care of the law, the iudex saw to the evidence and facts. On a closer look, things are not that clear-cut. In some cases, it was up to the iudex to discern the ius civile, and some questions cross the distinction between law and fact. This study concentrates on the realms of the praetor and the iudex by the example of solidary obligations. It turns out that there were inconsistencies both in the delimitation of competences and the results: Some questions were dealt with by the praetor in one action, by the iudex in another, and answered differently.
Bekanntes und Neues zum römischen Vereinsrecht
Authors: Babusiaux Ulrike 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Old and new insights regarding the Roman law of associations. In a new monograph, B. Zahn, Si quid universitati debetur. Forderungen und Schulden privater Personenvereinigungen im römischen Recht, 2021, argues that associations had no legal personality under Roman law. He thus challenges a well-accepted view of the term corpus as referring to legal personality of associations. The article retraces the arguments of the study with a special attention to the rich epigraphic evidence, and verifies their validity. Whereas most results of the author turn out to be well-founded, the paper attempts to deepen the interpretations of some inscriptions with regard to stipulations, fideicommissa and modus.
Pro Calatoria Themide
Authors: Igimi Mariko 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Pro Calatoria Themide. Iusta Case and the Living Conditions of Freed Slaves. The Iusta Case has always been understood as a dispute in which Iusta was claiming her freeborn status (ingenua). Under this conception, however, some unsolved mysteries remain. The author tries to reconstruct the case from the perspective that Iusta was claiming to be a beneficiary of the fideicommissio of Stephanus as one of his freed slaves, by drawing a parallel with D. 34,16,1. Based on this understanding, the documents found in Casa del Bicentenario are, in accordance with Themis’ defence strategy, all in support of Stephanus’ widow who refused to pay the maintenance of the young Iusta for the rest of her life.
Reifegrade digitaler Werkerassistenzsysteme
Authors: Hock Fabian , Sandner Sophie , Metternich Joachim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Digitale Werkerassistenzsysteme sind computergestützte Betriebsmittel, die Mitarbeitende bei der Ausführung ihrer Tätigkeiten unterstützen. Die Unterstützung kann bei kognitiven Fragestellungen (z. B. Montagereihenfolge) sowie bei sensorischen Wahrnehmungsaufgaben (z. B. Drehmomente) erfolgen. Dieser Beitrag definiert vier Reifegrade von digitalen Werkerassistenzsystemen im Kontext der Montage. Zusätzlich wird ein Quick Check präsentiert, um den Reifegrad eines vorhandenen Systems zu bestimmen.
Wirtschaftliche Betrachtung von Augmented Reality
Authors: Vogt Maximilian , Spatzier Julian Felix 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Der Fachkräftemangel infolge des demografischen Wandels und die mangelnde Widerstandsfähigkeit von Wertschöpfungsketten stellen aktuelle Herausforderungen der Industrie dar. In diesem Zusammenhang gilt die Digitalisierung manueller Tätigkeiten mittels immersiver Technologien, wie z.B. Augmented Reality (AR), als resilienzförderlich. In diesem Beitrag wird daher eine ganzheitliche Methodik vorgestellt, um systematisch Einsatzszenarien von AR-basierten digitalen Assistenzsystemen wirtschaftlich zu evaluieren, und das Vorgehen anhand von Use Cases in der additiven Produktion demonstriert.
Erfahrungswissen durch KI-basierte Assistenz sichern
Authors: Ottersböck Nicole , Dander Holger 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Unternehmen stehen vor der Herausforderung, das Erfahrungswissen langjähriger Beschäftigter zu sichern. Bisherige Ansätze dafür sind zeitintensiv und werden durch zunehmende Arbeitskräfteengpässe schwieriger. Es bedarf an Lösungen, die in den Arbeitsablauf integriert werden können und automatisiert eine Wissensspeicherung vollziehen. Im Projekt KI_eeper wird ein KI-basiertes Assistenzsystem entwickelt, welches sowohl die Bedarfe des Unternehmens als auch der Beschäftigten berücksichtigt.
Biomechanische Simulation zur Auslegung von Exoskeletten
Authors: Villotti Samuel , Ralfs Lennart , Weidner Robert 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Unterstützungssysteme wie Exoskelette werden als eine mögliche Maßnahme zur erfolgreichen Bewältigung des demografischen Wandels in industriellen Arbeitsprozessen eingesetzt. Dessen Gestaltung, beispielsweise im Hinblick auf die Unterstützungscharakteristik, kann durch den Einsatz von Muskelskelettmodellen profitieren. Durch Aggregation relevanter Aspekte wird eine Vorgehensweise für die nutzeroptimierte Auslegung eines Exoskelettes entwickelt und anhand eines exemplarischen industriellen Arbeitsprozesses verdeutlicht.
Was nichts kostet, ist nichts wert?
Authors: Metzler Yannick , Taibi Yacine 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Psychische Belastung ist seit 2013 im Rahmen der Gefährdungsbeurteilung zu erfassen. Mehrheitlich werden dazu ressourcenintensiv ganze Berufsgruppen mittels schriftlicher Befragungen analysiert. Anhand von Daten aus der deutschen Stahlindustrie eruieren wir die Kosten eines solchen Vorgehens und zeigen in einer tiefergehenden Analyse dreier identischer Tätigkeitsbereiche (N = 1.719), dass unter bestimmten Bedingungen die Analyse eines repräsentativen Werksbereiches ausreichend sein kann. Auf dieser Grundlage diskutieren wir in diesem Beitrag die ganzheitliche Integration psychischer Belastung nach dem Vorbild sicherheitstechnischer Gefährdungsbeurteilungen.
Structural and sorption properties of nanoporous carbon materials obtained from walnut shells
Authors: Lisovska S.A. , Ilnytskyy R.V. , Lisovskyy R.P. , Ivanichok N.Ya. , Bandura Kh.V. , Rachiy B.I. 
Published: June 2023

Using the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, the porous structure of nanoporous carbon materials obtained by alkaline activation of light industry waste (walnut shells) with subsequent thermal modification was investigated. The optimal relationship between temperature and modification time has been established. It is shown that an increase in the modification temperature reduces the transition time of micropores into mesopores and leads to a decrease in the specific surface area and total pore volume. Thus, the material obtained at a modification temperature of 400 ºC and a holding time of 120 min is characterized by the maximum specific surface area of 940 m2/g. It has been investigated that an increase in the time of temperature modification leads to an increase in specific electrical conductivity.
An early reference to the 3rd millennium graves at Oman. Questions on a spanish manuscript of the 17th century
Authors: Córdoba J. M. , Mañé M. 
Published: June 2023

En el relato de su viaje a Irán a comienzos del siglo XVII, García de Silva y Figueroa escribió un párrafo que parece ser la primera mención conocida de las construcciones funerarias del III milenio en la Península de Omán. Tan interesante referencia muestra una vez más el valor informativo que la cartografía, los derroteros de navegación y los libros de viaje del pasado prestan a la moderna investigación arqueológica e histórica sobre el Oriente Próximo.Palabras Clave: Arabia antigua, Arqueología de la Península de Omán, tumbas Hafit/Colmena, Silva y Figueroa, viajeros y arqueología en Oriente Próximo. Abstract:In the account of his voyage to Iran at the beginning of the 17th century, García de Silva y Figueroa wrote a paragraph that appears to be the first-known mention of the funeral constructions of the 3rd Millennium in the Oman Peninsula. This interesting reference once again shows how valuable the information found in maps, navigation logs and travel books of the past is for the modern historical and archaeological investigations being made about the Near East.Keywords: Ancient Arabia, Archaeology of the Oman Peninsula, Hafit/Beehive Graves, Silva y Figueroa, travelers and archaeology in the Near East.
El descriframiento de la escritura cuneiforme: un hito que culminó hace 150 años
Authors: Torres Torres E. 
Published: June 2023

El desciframiento del acadio fue aceptado oficialmente por la Royal Asiatic Society el 29 de mayo de 1857.El proceso fue un largo viaje en el que tomaron parte muchos estudiosos, culminando en los trabajos de Edward Hincks y Henry C. Rawlinson. Pero las bases de la escritura cuneiforme y el método aplicado para descifrarla toparon con el escepticismo académico. Para disiparlo, la Royal Asiatic Society realizó una prueba en la que participaron cuatro asiriólogos: Hincks, Rawlinson, Oppert y Talbot. Los cuatro eruditos debían traducir independientemente y sin contacto entre ellos una inscripción hallada recientemente en Qalat Shergat: el prisma de Tiglat-Pileser I. La comparación de las cuatro traducciones demostró que el método de Hincks y Rawlinson era correcto, y el desciframiento fue finalmente reconocido.Palabras clave: Desciframiento, escritura cuneiforme, acadio, Hincks, Rawlinson, Talbot, Oppert, prisma de Tiglat-Pileser I. AbstractThe decipherment of Akkadian was officially accepted by the Royal Asiatic Society on May 29, 1857. The process was a long journey in which many scholars took part, concluding with the works of Edward Hincksand Henry C. Rawlinson. Nevertheless, the basis of cuneiform writing and the method applied to its deciphering encountered general academic skepticism. To get rid of it, the Royal Asiatic Society accomplished a test in which four assyriologists were involved: Hincks, Rawlinson, Oppert, and Talbot. The four polymaths each should independently –without contact among them– translate an inscription recently found at Qalat Shergat: Tiglat-Pileser I prism. The comparison of the four translations showed that the method of Hincks and Rawlinson was correct, and the decipherment was finally acknowledged.Keywords: Decipherment, cuneiform writing, Akkadian, Hincks, Rawlinson, Talbot, Oppert, Tiglath-Pileser I prism.
El patrimonio arqueológico e histórico iraquí y su destrucción desde la Guerra del Golfo hasta nuestros días
Authors: Cerro Linares Carmen del 
Published: June 2023

El patrimonio arqueológico iraquí ha sufrido mucho en los últimos años. Habitualmente creemos que todo comenzó con la toma del Museo de Bagdad en 2003, cuando la prensa internacional nos dijo que todos los materiales arqueológicos se habían perdido. Pero el patrimonio arqueológico iraquí -recuperado como base de la identidad nacional desde el nacimiento del país a principios de S. XX- ha sufrido pérdidas desde los años 80 y se hundió definitivamente con el embargo impuesto a Iraq desde 1991. La recuperación de ese patrimonio ha sido una labor heroica de los trabajadores que conformaban la Dirección General de Antigüedades en las últimas décadas del S. XX guiados por Donny George, a quien está dedicado especialmente este artículo.Palabras clave: Iraq, Patrimonio arqueológico, saqueo, arqueología del Oriente Próximo, guerra del Golfo, guerra de Iraq, Dirección General de Antigüedades de Iraq, Museo Nacional de Bagdad. AbstractThe Iraqi Archeological Heritage has suffered greatly in the last years. We think usually that this damage began with the capture of the Baghdad Museum in 2003. Then the International Press informed us about the Lost of archaeological objects located inside the Museum. But the Iraqi Archeological Heritage -recovered as a ground for a National Identity since the birth of Iraq Nation at the beginning of the 20th Century- has suffered a great damage since eighties, and at last collapsed because of the International Embargo of Iraq. The recovery of Iraqi Heritage has been a heroic work carried out by the Directorate of Antiquities Staff in the last decades leaded by Donny Georges, he’s the one who we must thank and dedicate this paper.Keywords: Irak, Archaeological Heritage, Looting, Ancient Near East Archaeology, Gulf War, Irak War, Directorate of Antiquities of Irak, Baghdad Museum.
El Grand Tour: un viaje emprendido con la mirada de Ulises
Authors: Suárez Huerta Ana María 
Published: June 2023

El siglo XVIII fue la centuria de máximo esplendor de un fenómeno cultural denominado Grand Tour. A lo largo de este artículo hablaremos de lo que significa este término y de las motivaciones que condujeron a gran cantidad de personas a emprender un largo viaje a través de Europa. Para contextualizar este periplo trataremos un caso singular del que España es testigo directo, pues, si bien no entraba en el circuito de interés “turístico”, la historia caprichosamente nos ha brindado la oportunidad de ser los narradores de un hecho singular. La colección Westmorland.Palabras clave: Grand Tour, siglo XVIII, fenómeno cultural, caso singular, España, colección Westmorland Abstract:The cultural splendor of the 18th century was most notably marked by a phenomenon known as the Grand Tour. In this article we will discuss the significance of this term as well as the motivations that drove vast numbers of people to embark on this long journey across Europe. To better contextualize this voyage, we will discuss one unique case to which Spain is a direct witness. Though it has never reached a “tourist” level of interest, the history surrounding this case has afforded us the wonderful opportunity to serve as narrators of this exceptional story.Keywords: Grand Tour, Eighteenth Century, cultural phenomena, the unique case in Spain, Westmorland Collection
"Azul para los dioses". De Oriente a Occidente: La búsqueda del lapislázuli durante el III milenio a. C.
Authors: Del Cerro Carmen 
Published: June 2023

La falta de materias primas en Mesopotamia obligó a sus habitantes a buscarlas en varias direcciones. Podemos rastrear esos materiales a través del registro arqueológico y de la información textual. Así, tratamos de localizarlos topónimos antiguos y sus fuentes de materias, ya que un gran número de estos lugares están recogidos en los textos mesopotámicos y egipcios: Aratta, Tukriš, Mar?asi, Dilmun, Melu??a, Magan, Tefreret, etc. Desde el Este, estas regiones ofrecieron una gran variedad de piedras, metales, maderas o animales exóticos, que llegaron no solo a Mesopotamia sino también a Siria y a Egipto. Uno de esos materiales nos parece extraordinario; el lapislázuli, una piedra azul que aparece en templos, palacios, contextos funerarios, registros económicos y textos literarios, relacionada con reyes, gobernantes, mercaderes y dioses.Palabras clave: Comercio, III milenio a.C., Lapislázuli, materias primas, Mesopotamia, Siria, Egipto, Inanna AbstractThe lack of raw materials in Mesopotamia pressed to its habitants to look for them in several directions. We can track these materials through the Archaeological Record as well as the textual information. Thus, we try to locate ancient names of Lands and its sources, since a lot of them are included in Mesopotamian and Egyptian texts: Aratta, Tukriš, Mar?asi, Dilmun, Melu??a, Magan, Tefreret, etc. From Far East, these regions offered a huge variety of stones, metals, woods or exotic animals, which reached not only Mesopotamia but also Syria and Egypt. One of this materials seems to us remarkable; the blue Lapis lazuli, a stone that is displayed in temples, palaces, funerary contexts, economical records and literary text, related to kings, rulers, merchants and gods.Keywords: Trade, III Millennium BC., Lapis lazuli, Raw Materials, Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, Inanna
La città de 'Arugu e la geografia del culto del regno di Ebla (Siria, XXIV sec. A. C.)
Authors: Biga Maria Giovanna 
Published: June 2023

La geografia del culto del regno di Ebla comprende centri di diversa grandezza e importanza. Oltre ai grandi centri di culto quali Aleppo, Arugadu, Luban, Zuramu, Uguaš, MaNE, dedicati ad alcune delle maggiori divinità del pantheon, e venerati probabilmente da tutte le genti di Siria, vi erano sul territorio del regno molti luoghi santi minori, di cui alcuni legati al culto degli antenati regali defunti della dinastía eblaita. In questo articolo si propone di annoverare, tra i luoghi santi del regno di Ebla, il centro di ’Arugu dal quale proviene l’uomo che recita la benedizione in entrambi i rituali di riconferma della regalità; sono inoltre persone da ’Arugu a consegnare tessuti per la cerimonia di purificazione del re Išar-damu e della regina Tabur-damu dopo la morte della regina madre Dusigu e di due principesse della corte.Parole chiave: Geografia, centri di culto, rituali, Binaš, ’Arugu. AbstractCultic geography of the Ebla kingdom includes sanctuaries and cultic centers of different importance. Some major sanctuaries, such as Aleppo, Arugadu, Luban, Zuramu, Uguaš, MaNE, dedicated to some deities of the Eblaite and Syrian pantheon, are often quoted in the texts. Other minor cultic centers are attested too and some of them are places where a cult of ancestors is documented. The author proposes to insert among these cultic centers the city of ’Arugu from which comes the man who has a role in both the rituals of renewal of royalty; people from ’Arugu offer gifts of purification to king Išar-damu and to queen Tabur-damu on occasion of the death of queen mother Dusigu and of the death of two princesses, Darib-damu and Tište-damu.Keywords: Geography, cultic centers, rituals, Binaš, ’Arugu.
La Escuela Rural en la Prensa Digital Española durante la Pandemia: Luces y Sombras
Authors: Del Moral Pérez M. Esther , López Bouzas Nerea , Castañeda-Fernández Jonathan , Neira-Piñeiro M. Rosario 
Published: June 2023

Tras la pandemia, la visibilidad de la escuela rural se ha hecho más patente por considerarla un elemento vertebrador del territorio y garante del asentamiento de población. Algunos medios de comunicación dan cobertura a sus demandas, subrayando las ventajas de este modelo educativo y denunciando problemáticas como la despoblación, que las aboca a la extinción. Este estudio identifica los hitos relevantes, el enfoque y las temáticas priorizadas en torno a las que giran 100 artículos publicados durante 2020-2021 en la prensa digital de las Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA) españolas con mayor población escolarizada en zonas rurales (15-25%). La metodología es mixta, centrada en el análisis de contenido y posterior tratamiento estadístico de los datos. Los resultados demuestran el interés que despierta la escuela rural en los diarios de las CCAA estudiadas, especialmente en el ámbito local. Priman testimonios de miembros de la comunidad educativa y local, visibilizando mayoritariamente hechos que la empoderan -metodologías y proyectos innovadores, ratios envidiables e implicación familiar-, aludiendo a las ventajas de su enclave natural privilegiado. También denuncian cierres de escuelas y limitaciones: brecha digital, poca conectividad, falta de profesorado o transporte, erigiéndose en altavoz de estas demandas, y exigiendo medidas a los responsables políticos para solventarlas.