bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in secondary school settings in the Netherlands during fall 2020; silent circulation
Authors: Jonker Lotte , Linde Kimberly J. , de Hoog Marieke L. A. , Sprado Robin , Huisman Robin C. , Molenkamp Richard , Oude Munnink Bas B. , Dohmen Wietske , Heederik Dick J. J. , Eggink Dirk , Welkers Matthijs R. A. , Vennema Harry , Fraaij Pieter L. A. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Wouters Inge M. , Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia C. J. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In fall 2020 when schools in the Netherlands operated under a limited set of COVID-19 measures, we conducted outbreaks studies in four secondary schools to gain insight in the level of school transmission and the role of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via air and surfaces.

Methods
Outbreak studies were performed between 11 November and 15 December 2020 when the wild-type variant of SARS-CoV-2 was dominant. Clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infections within schools were identified through a prospective school surveillance study. All school contacts of cluster cases, irrespective of symptoms, were invited for PCR testing twice within 48 h and 4–7 days later. Combined NTS and saliva samples were collected at each time point along with data on recent exposure and symptoms. Surface and active air samples were collected in the school environment. All samples were PCR-tested and sequenced when possible.

Results
Out of 263 sampled school contacts, 24 tested SARS-CoV-2 positive (secondary attack rate 9.1%), of which 62% remained asymptomatic and 42% had a weakly positive test result. Phylogenetic analysis on 12 subjects from 2 schools indicated a cluster of 8 and 2 secondary cases, respectively, but also other distinct strains within outbreaks. Of 51 collected air and 53 surface samples, none were SARS-CoV-2 positive.

Conclusion
Our study confirmed within school SARS-CoV-2 transmission and substantial silent circulation, but also multiple introductions in some cases. Absence of air or surface contamination suggests environmental contamination is not widespread during school outbreaks.
The relationship between smartphone addiction and aggression among Lebanese adolescents: the indirect effect of cognitive function
Authors: Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Malaeb Diana , Sarray El Dine Abir , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite a large body of research has shown that smartphone addiction (SA) is associated with aggressive behaviors, only a few mediators have been previously examined in this relationship among early adolescent students. No previous studies have explored, to our knowledge, the indirect role of cognitive function despite its great importance during this life period. This study is intended to verify whether cognitive function have indirect effects on the relationship between SA and aggression among high-school students in the context of Lebanese culture.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional designed study, conducted between January and May 2022, and enrolling 379 Lebanese adolescent students (aged 13–17 years). The Cognitive Functioning Self-Assessment Scale, the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short form were used.

Results
The bivariate analysis results revealed that higher SA and worse cognitive function were significantly associated with more physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. The mediation analyses found that cognitive function mediated the association between SA and physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Higher SA was significantly associated with worse cognitive function and more physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Finally, worse cognitive function was significantly associated with more physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility.

Conclusion
Our findings cautiously suggest that, to reduce adolescent students’ aggression, interventions that promote cognitive performance may be effective. Particularly, students who are addicted to smartphones and show aggressive tendencies require interventions designed to improve cognition function.
Development of the Chinese preschooler dietary index: a tool to assess overall diet quality
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Xu Yujie , Tan Bingbing , Duan Ruonan , Shan Shufang , Zeng Linan , Zou Kun , Zhao Li , Xiong Jingyuan , Zhang Lingli , Rong Shuang , Cheng Guo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiet quality in early childhood has a long-term impact on health outcomes. However, there are scarce dietary indexes for Chinese preschool children, and the existing indexes had limited validity and reliability. This study thus aimed to develop a dietary index for preschool children based on the Chinese Dietary Guideline and Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes and to assess their overall diet quality using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS).MethodsThe Chinese Preschooler Dietary Index (CPDI) included 11 components, covering 9 food group components and two nutrient components. The total scores of CPDI ranged from 0 to 90, with a higher score indicating greater diet quality. This study assessed the diet quality of 1742 preschoolers aged two to five years old from CHNS using the CPDI. Dietary intake data were obtained using three-day 24-h diet recalls, and sociodemographic information was also collected. Cochran-Mantel-Haensel (CMH) test was used to explore the association between demographic and CPDI total scores. The principal component analysis, correlation analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were used to evaluate the relative reliability and validity of the CPDI. Finally, a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to explore potential influencing factors of CPDI.ResultsAmong the 1742 CHNS preschool children, more than 70% resided in rural areas and 41.2% of the sample were raised in a low-income family. The mean CPDI score of the preschoolers was 38.8 ± 12.9. Higher diet scores were correlated with higher energy and nutrient intake. Children with higher age (β = 0.93, SE = 0.26,P = 0.0003), raised in a home with higher household income (β = 3.11, SE = 0.27,P < 0.0001) or living in urban areas (β = -4.44, SE = 0.66,P < 0.0001) were associated with higher CPDI scores.ConclusionsThe CPDI is useful in evaluating the diet quality of preschool children. Based on the CPDI, the diet quality of Chinese preschoolers needs to be improved, especially in rural areas.
Comparing enhancements to well-child visits in the prevention of obesity: ENCIRCLE cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bailey-Davis Lisa , Moore Amy M. , Poulsen Melissa N. , Dzewaltowski David A. , Cummings Stacey , DeCriscio Laina R. , Hosterman Jennifer Franceschelli , Huston Daniel , Kirchner H. Lester , Lutcher Shawnee , McCabe Carolyn , Welk Gregory J. , Savage Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Obesity disproportionally impacts rural, lower-income children in the United States. Primary care providers are well-positioned to engage parents in early obesity prevention, yet there is a lack of evidence regarding the most effective care delivery models. The ENCIRCLE study, a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial, will respond to this gap by testing the comparative effectiveness of standard care well-child visits (WCV) versus two enhancements: adding a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure (PRO WCV) and PRO WCV plus Food Care (telehealth coaching and a grocery store tour).

Methods
A total of 2,025 parents and their preschool-aged children (20–60 months of age) will be recruited from 24 Geisinger primary care clinics, where providers are randomized to the standard WCV, PRO WCV, or PRO WCV plus Food Care intervention arms. The PRO WCV includes the standard WCV plus collection of the PRO—the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) risk assessment—from parents. Parents complete the PRO in the patient-portal or in the clinic (own device, tablet, or kiosk), receive real-time feedback, and select priority topics to discuss with the provider. These results are integrated into the child’s electronic health record to inform personalized preventive counseling by providers. PRO WCV plus Food Care includes referrals to community health professionals who deliver evidence-based obesity prevention and food resource management interventions via telehealth following the WCV. The primary study outcome is change in child body mass index z-score (BMIz), based on the World Health Organization growth standards, 12 months post-baseline WCV. Additional outcomes include percent of children with overweight and obesity, raw BMI, BMI50, BMIz extended, parent involvement in counseling, health behaviors, food resource management, and implementation process measures.

Discussion
Study findings will inform health care systems’ choices about effective care delivery models to prevent childhood obesity among a high-risk population. Additionally, dissemination will be informed by an evaluation of mediating, moderating, and implementation factors.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT04406441); Registered May 28, 2020.
Comparison of antibacterial effect of plantaricin 149 suspension and traditional root canal irrigation solutions in root canal infections in vitro
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Keda , Lin Xiaolong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDental pulp and periapical diseases are common conditions in stomatology, caused by various pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides, as new antibiotics, offer promising applications in the irrigation and disinfection medicaments for root canals.One patient with chronic periapical periodontitis was selected to extract the clinical pathogenic bacteria.Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) (ATCC 33,277),Streptococcus mutans(Sm) (ATCC 25,175), andPrevotella intermedius(Pi) (ATCC 25,611) were used as test strains. The effects of plantaricin (Pln) 149 on the biofilm formation and growth in infected root canals were evaluated by RT-PCR, laser confocal scanning microscopy, and bacterial diversity analysis. In addition, the cytotoxicity of Pln 149 (100 µg/mL) to human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was assessed using an MTT assay. Pln 149 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Pg Sm and Pi (P < 0.05), with significant differences in the biofilm images of the laser confocal scanning microscope (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in hDPSCs viability or proliferation between the Pln 149 and control groups. Considering the excellent antimicrobial effects and low cytotoxicity, we suggest that Pln 149 might be a promising option for root canal irrigation solutions.
The relationship among pregnancy-related anxiety, perceived social support, family function and resilience in Chinese pregnant women: a structural equation modeling analysis
Authors: Huang Jingui , Xu Lingli , Xu Zhen , Luo Yexin , Liao Bizhen , Li Yan , Shi Yumei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence suggests that pregnancy-related anxiety (PRA) has adverse impacts on maternity health and infant development. A substantial body of literature has documented the important influence of family function, perceived social support and resilience on PRA. However, research identifying the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship in China are still lacking. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PRA under the three-child policy in China, and also explore the interrelationships among perceived social support, family function, resilience, and PRA.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a convenient sampling method was used to select 579 pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination at the maternity outpatient departments of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in China from December 2021 to April 2022. Participants were required to complete the following questionnaires: the demographic form, the Chinese Pregnancy-related Anxiety scale, the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the APGAR Family Care Index Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the rudimentary relationship among the study variables. Bootstrapping analyses in the structural equation modeling were applied to identify the significance of indirect effects.

Results
There were 41.4% of pregnant Chinese women indicating PRA. Correlational analyses indicated that perceived social support, family function and resilience were negatively associated with PRA (r = − 0.47, P < 0.01; r = − 0.43, P < 0.01; r = − 0.37, P < 0.01, respectively). The results of bootstrapping analyses demonstrated significant indirect effects of perceived social support (β = − 0.098, 95% CI [− 0.184, − 0.021]) and family function (β = − 0.049, 95% CI [− 0.103, − 0.011]) on PRA via resilience.

Conclusions
Chinese pregnant women are suffering from high levels of PRA. Better family function and perceived social support might reduce the occurrence of PRA, as well as by the mediating effects of resilience. Healthcare providers must be concerned about PRA and perform corresponding actions to reduce it. By strengthening social support and improving family function, antenatal care providers could effectively reduce or prevent PRA. And more importantly, implementing resilience-promoting measures are also essential to relieve anxiety and support mental health in pregnant women.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the revised surveys on patient safety culture™ (SOPS®) hospital survey 2.0
Authors: Wu Yinghui , Hua Wenzhe , Zhu Daqiao , Onishi Ryo , Yang Yanna , Hasegawa Tomonori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurveys on Patient Safety Culture™ (SOPS®) Hospital Survey (HSOPS 1.0), developed by the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in 2004, has been widely adopted in the United States and internationally. An updated version, the SOPS Hospital Survey 2.0 (HSOPS 2.0), released in 2019, has not yet been applied in China. The aim of the present study was to translate HSOPS 2.0 into Chinese version with cross-cultural adaptations and test its psychometric properties.MethodsA convenience sample was used. Hospital nurses (N = 1013) and a sub-set (n = 200) was invited for the re-test. A three-stage study was conducted. Firstly, the HSOPS 2.0 was translated by a panel. Secondly, the content validity was tested using the two-round Delphi method and cognitive interview. Next, the construct validity was tested by the confirmatory factor analysis and further demonstrated by the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and correlations with the outcome of patient safety. Thirdly, the reliability was tested by internal consistency reliability and re-test reliability.ResultsThe “float or PRN” and “manager” words were deleted as considered unfitted for the Chinese health care system. The content validity index provided evidence of strong content validity (I-CVI = 0.84 ~ 1.00, S-CVI = 0.98). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit (χ2/df = 4.05, RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.94) and acceptable factor loadings (0.41 ~ 0.97). Convergent validity, and discriminant validity supported the factorial structure of the Chinese version of HSOPS 2.0. Further evidence for the construct validity was derived from correlations with the outcome of patient safety (r = 0.10 ~ 0.41). A good internal consistency (Cronbach’sα = 0.68 ~ 0.93, McDonald’s omega = 0.84 ~ 0.96) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.78 ~ 0.95) showed acceptable reliability. Additionally, Chinese nurses reported markedly lower scores for three dimensions, including “Response to Error”, “Communication Openness”, and “Reporting Patient Safety Events”, when comparing the findings of this study with those from U.S. research utilizing the HSOPS 2.0.ConclusionThe Chinese version of HSOPS 2.0 demonstrated good validity and reliability in a Chinese sample of hospital nurses, which suggests that it can be used to measure nurse-perceived patient safety culture in future research and practice. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of HSOPS 2.0 among other Chinese healthcare professionals remain to be confirmed.
Tailoring a complex intervention to reduce antidepressants in institutionalized older persons with dementia
Authors: Hølmkjær Pernille , Vermehren Charlotte , Holm Anne , Rozing Maarten Pieter , Høj Kirsten , Overbeck Gritt 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
First-line treatment for behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia is non-pharmacological. Still, psychotropic medication is widely used, despite its limited effect and harmful side-effects. More than half of all nursing home residents with dementia receive antidepressants, even though deprescribing is safe and feasible. Interventions to promote deprescribing of antidepressants in nursing homes are few and complex. To optimize the deprescribing process through an intervention, transparency for the development of the intervention is needed. We aim to describe the steps in the development and tailoring of an intervention targeting GPs, nursing home staff, and relatives to enhance collaboration on reducing the use of antidepressants in institutionalized older persons with dementia in Denmark.

Method
A step-wise process guided by the core elements in the Medical Research Council constituted the tailoring process. Five steps were included; 1) a literature search, 2) interviews with stakeholders, 3) drafting the intervention prototype, 4) professionals’ assessment of the intervention, and 5) refinement of the intervention. The steps were conducted from June 2020 to June 2022.

Results
Based on the literature search, interviews with stakeholders, and professionals’ assessment of the intervention, four main themes were identified; 1) focusing on antidepressants, 2) importance of professional qualifications, 3) collaboration and communication, and 4) patient and relative involvement. They guided intervention development and refinement of the final intervention, which included 1) a case-based training course and 2) a dialog tool including a symptom assessment scale to be used in a structured consultation at the nursing home.

Conclusion
This study presents a detailed account of the tailoring process for a complex intervention to optimize deprescribing of antidepressants for older persons with dementia at nursing homes. By presenting a thorough development process, we expect to achieve increased adherence to the intervention which is currently being tested in an ongoing cluster randomized controlled trial. The transparency of the process will also increase the future development of other similar complex interventions.
Prevalence, motivation, and outcomes of clinic transfer in a clinical cohort of people living with HIV in North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Leslie Hannah H. , Mooney Alyssa C. , Gilmore Hailey J. , Agnew Emily , Grignon Jessica S. , deKadt Julia , Shade Starley B. , Ratlhagana Mary Jane , Sumitani Jeri , Barnhart Scott , Steward Wayne T. , Lippman Sheri A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Continuity of care is an attribute of high-quality health systems and a necessary component of chronic disease management. Assessment of health information systems for HIV care in South Africa has identified substantial rates of clinic transfer, much of it undocumented. Understanding the reasons for changing sources of care and the implications for patient outcomes is important in informing policy responses.

Methods
In this secondary analysis of the 2014 – 2016 I-Care trial, we examined self-reported changes in source of HIV care among a cohort of individuals living with HIV and in care in North West Province, South Africa. Individuals were enrolled in the study within 1 year of diagnosis; participants completed surveys at 6 and 12 months including items on sources of care. Clinical data were extracted from records at participants’ original clinic for 12 months following enrollment. We assessed frequency and reason for changing clinics and compared the demographics and care outcomes of those changing and not changing source of care.

Results
Six hundred seventy-five (89.8%) of 752 study participants completed follow-up surveys with information on sources of HIV care; 101 (15%) reported receiving care at a different facility by month 12 of follow-up. The primary reason for changing was mobility (N=78, 77%). Those who changed clinics were more likely to be young adults, non-citizens, and pregnant at time of diagnosis. Self-reported clinic attendance and ART adherence did not differ based on changing clinics. Those on ART not changing clinics reported 0.66 visits more on average than were documented in clinic records.

Conclusion
At least 1 in 6 participants in HIV care changed clinics within 2 years of diagnosis, mainly driven by mobility; while most appeared lost to follow-up based on records from the original clinic, self-reported visits and adherence were equivalent to those not changing clinics. Routine clinic visits could incorporate questions about care at other locations as well as potential relocation, particularly for younger, pregnant, and non-citizen patients, to support existing efforts to make HIV care records portable and facilitate continuity of care across clinics.

Trial registration
The original trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02417233, on 12 December 2014.
Stress hyperglycemia ratio and in-hospital prognosis in non-surgical patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhou Yiling , Liu Li , Huang Hongmei , Li Nan , He Jidong , Yao Heling , Tang Xiaochi , Chen Xiangyang , Zhang Shengzhao , Shi Qingyang , Qu Furong , Wang Si , Wang Miye , Shu Chi , Zeng Yuping , Tian Haoming , Zhu Ye , Su Baihai , Li Sheyu ,   The WECODe Study Group
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the impact of stress hyperglycemia on the in-hospital prognosis in non-surgical patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods
We identified non-surgical hospitalized patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes from a large electronic medical record-based database of diabetes in China (WECODe) from 2011 to 2019. We estimated stress hyperglycemia using the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and its equation, say admission blood glucose/[(28.7 × HbA1c)− 46.7]. The primary outcomes included the composite cardiac events (combination of death during hospitalization, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cardiogenic shock, and the new episode of acute heart failure during hospitalization), major acute kidney injury (AKI stage 2 or 3), and major systemic infection.

Results
Of 2875 eligible Chinese adults, SHR showed U-shaped associations with composite cardiac events, major AKI, and major systemic infection. People with SHR in the third tertile (vs those with SHR in the second tertile) presented higher risks of composite cardiac events ([odds ratio, 95% confidence interval] 1.89, 1.26 to 2.87) and major AKI (1.86, 1.01 to 3.54). In patients with impaired kidney function at baseline, both SHR in the first and third tertiles anticipated higher risks of major AKI and major systemic infection.

Conclusions
Both high and low SHR indicates poor prognosis during hospitalization in non-surgical patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes.