bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for computing time correlation functions in non-stationary complex dynamic systems
Authors: Zhang Jiu , Jin Lifu , Zheng Bo , Jiang Xiongfei , Chen Tingting , Xu Cong , Hu Yanqing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For non-stationary complex dynamic systems, a standardized algorithm is developed to compute time correlation functions, addressing the limitations of traditional methods reliant on the stationary assumption. The proposed algorithm integrates two-point and multi-point time correlation functions into a unified framework. Further, it is verified by a practical application in complex financial systems, demonstrating its potential in various complex dynamic systems.
High-dimensional learning of narrow neural networks
Authors: Cui Hugo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent years have been marked with the fast-pace diversification and increasing ubiquity of machine learning (ML) applications. Yet, a firm theoretical understanding of the surprising efficiency of neural networks (NNs) to learn from high-dimensional data still proves largely elusive. In this endeavour, analyses inspired by statistical physics have proven instrumental, enabling the tight asymptotic characterization of the learning of NNs in high dimensions, for a broad class of solvable models. This manuscript reviews the tools and ideas underlying recent progress in this line of work. We introduce a generic model—the sequence multi-index model, which encompasses numerous previously studied models as special instances. This unified framework covers a broad class of ML architectures with a finite number of hidden units—including multi-layer perceptrons, autoencoders, attention mechanisms, and tasks –(un)supervised learning, denoising, contrastive learning, in the limit of large data dimension, and comparably large number of samples. We explicate in full detail the analysis of the learning of sequence multi-index models, using statistical physics techniques such as the replica method and approximate message-passing algorithms. This manuscript thus provides a unified presentation of analyses reported in several previous works, and a detailed overview of central techniques in the field of statistical physics of ML. This review should be a useful primer for ML theoreticians curious of statistical physics approaches; it should also be of value to statistical physicists interested in the transfer of such ideas to the study of NNs.
Teachers’ and students’ views on physics textbooks
Authors: Fürstová Tereza 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This contribution describes a literature search focused on getting feedback from students and teachers on science textbooks. A literature search was conducted to answer two questions: (1) How are teachers’ and students’ opinions on science textbooks collected in various international contexts? and (2) What specific criteria should a good science textbook meet? The search revealed the most commonly used methods for obtaining students’ and teachers’ opinions on textbooks, which were questionnaires and eye-tracking. Moreover, several textbook analysis tools were found. These methods and tools are described in more detail in this paper. Based on the results of the literature search, a new textbook evaluation tool for students and teachers will be developed. This tool will be used to get feedback on a new upper secondary school physics textbook, which is being developed at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague. The development process of the evaluation tool is outlined at the conclusion of this study.
Critical Reading in Physics Lessons
Authors: Velmovská Klára 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We are surrounded by a lot of information and some of it is not based on truth. We should develop pupils’ critical reading skills during physics classes. The contribution presents activity which consists of reading two articles and answering prepared questions. The tool to evaluate the answers was designed. The results of evaluation suggest that teachers need to devote much more attention to the development of critical reading skills and systematically develop it during school attendance. Pupils’ level of critical reading is not sufficient, and it seems to be problematic for them to obtain these skills. The results of this survey suggest that pupils experienced major difficulties with drawing evidence-based conclusions based on evidence. Their conclusions were not supported by scientific evidence nor other arguments. Pupils experienced difficulties to formulate a scientific question. Comparing two articles, they experienced more difficulties to identify the writer’s assumptions and viewpoints in the article The Feeling of Warmth. They often claimed that the author was not stating his point of view, but merely “explaining”. Teachers received a very positive feedback for this activity and expressed interest in implementing similar activities in the future.
Using Jupyter Notebooks to foster computational skills and professional practice in an introductory physics lab course
Authors: Tufino Eugenio , Oss Stefano , Alemani Micol 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we detail the integration of Python data analysis into a first-year physics laboratory course, a task accomplished without significant a lterations to the existing course structure. We introduced tailored laboratory computational learning goals and designed activities to address them. We emphasise the development and application of Jupyter Notebooks, tailored with exercises and physics application examples, to facilitate students’ mastery of data analysis programming within the laboratory setting. These Notebooks serve as a crucial tool in guiding students through the core principles of data handling and analysis in Python, while working on simple experimental tasks. The results of the evaluation of this intervention offer insights into the advantages and challenges associated with early integration of computational skills in laboratory courses, providing valuable information for educators in the field of physics e ducation. This study demonstrates a practical and effective way of embedding computational skills into the physics curriculum, and contributes to the ongoing efforts of the physics education research community.
Areas of Incorporation of International Law: War and Humanitarian Law
Authors: Broyde Michael J , Elazar-De Mota Yehonatan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the incorporation of international law into Jewish legal frameworks concerning warfare and humanitarian law. It explores how Jewish law has historically governed conduct during warfare, emphasizing ethical considerations such as the protection of civilians and the treatment of captives—principles that align closely with modern international humanitarian law. Through the lens of biblical, Talmudic, and rabbinic rulings, the chapter examines Jewish law’s deep concern for justice and human dignity in wartime, paralleling international legal frameworks such as the Geneva Conventions. The chapter ultimately argues that Jewish law provides a longstanding ethical foundation for issues of war and peace, often anticipating modern international norms.
Areas of Incorporation of International Law: Copyright Law
Authors: Broyde Michael J , Elazar-De Mota Yehonatan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the intersection of Jewish law with modern international copyright law, focusing on the evolution of Jewish legal thought regarding intellectual property rights. While traditional Jewish law emphasized the communal sharing of knowledge, modern adaptations have increasingly recognized the need to protect authorship and intellectual property. The chapter explores how rabbinic authorities have adapted to international copyright standards while balancing Jewish values of communal benefit and the ethical dissemination of knowledge. It offers a detailed analysis of how Jewish law’s ethical imperatives shape its contemporary approach to intellectual property, ensuring that the protection of creative works aligns with communal needs and religious ethics.
Biological signatures in the Alzheimer’s continuum discriminate between diagnosis-related and -unrelated associations to ATN categories
Authors: Alanko Vilma , Mravinacová Sára , Hall Anette , Hagman Göran , Mohanty Rosaleena , Westman Eric , Nilsson Peter , Kivipelto Miia , Månberg Anna , Matton Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias have a multifactorial aetiology and heterogeneous biology. The current study aims to identify different biological signatures in a deeply phenotyped memory clinic patient population.
In this cross-sectional study, we analysed 49 pre-specified proteins using a multiplex antibody-based suspension bead array in 278 CSF samples from the real-world, research database and biobank at the Karolinska University Hospital Memory Clinic, Solna, Sweden. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of subjective cognitive decline (N = 151), mild cognitive impairment (N = 61), Alzheimer’s disease (N = 47), or other diagnoses (N = 19; vascular dementias, alcohol-related dementia, unspecified dementias, or other amnesias) were included. Principal component analyses were performed and resulting principal components (PCs) were tested for associations with clinical variables and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers (CSF biomarkers beta-amyloid 42, beta-amyloid 42/40, phosphorylated tau 181, phosphorylated tau 181/beta-amyloid 42).
PC 1 (explaining 52% of the variance between patients) was associated with the clinical Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers beta-amyloid 42, phosphorylated tau 181, and total tau but not with Alzheimer’s disease-related neurodegeneration imaging markers, cognitive performance, or clinical diagnosis. PC 2 (explaining 9% of the variance) displayed an inflammatory profile with high contributions of chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and significant correlation to CSF free light chain kappa. In contrast to PC 1, PC 3 (explaining 5% of the variance) showed associations with all the clinical Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers, the imaging markers, cognitive impairment, and clinical diagnosis. Serpin family A member 3 (SERPINA3), chitinase 1 (CHIT1), and neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) contributed most to PC 3. PC 4 (explaining 4% of the variance) exhibited an inflammatory profile distinct from PC 2, with the largest contributions from TREM2, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), and complement C9. The component was associated with peripheral inflammation.
We found that CSF protein profiles in a memory clinic cohort reflect molecular differences across diagnostic groups. Our results emphasise that real-world memory clinic patients can have different ongoing biological processes despite receiving the same diagnosis. In the future, this information could be utilised to identify patient endotypes and uncover precision biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
Use of rituximab and plasma exchange in treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent FSGS
Authors: Gharaei Sophie , Gharaei Julia , Ragy Omar , Kanigicherla Durga A K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome and renal failure, requiring transplantation. However, FSGS can often recur after transplantation resulting in graft failure. The most used therapeutic intervention for rFSGS is plasma exchange (PE), with variable success. Recently, rituximab (RTX) has found increasing use in both treatment and prevention of recurrent FSGS (rFSGS).

Methods
We undertook a systematic review of therapeutic ± preventative plasma exchange, rituximab or a combination of both for rFSGS. Studies published between 2017 and 2024 were included, to reflect the most contemporary clinical practice.

Results
27 studies with a total of 475 patients received treatment for recurrence post-transplantation and/or for prevention of rFSGS. 156/221 patients (71%) who received plasma exchange on its own as therapy achieved either complete or partial remission. Rituximab alone was used in only 4 patients (75% remission rate), while 67% achieved remission with a combination of both. 142 patients received pre/peri-transplantation treatment to prevent recurrence in the graft. 51 patients (36%) experienced recurrence despite prophylaxis. Recurrence rates were 35% with PE alone and 38% with RTX alone.

Conclusion
We conclude that rituximab did not add significant benefit to plasma exchange when used as initial therapeutic intervention in post-transplant recurrent FSGS. The modest benefit of prophylactic therapies highlights the need for risk stratification to identify patients most likely to benefit from such interventions. Larger prospective studies with standardised approaches to treatment are essential in improving outcomes in rFSGS.
Recombination and structural variation in a large 8-founder wheat MAGIC population
Authors: Shah Rohan , Huang B Emma , Whan Alex , Fradgley Nick S , Newberry Marcus , Verbyla Klara , Morell Matthew K , Cavanagh Colin R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Identifying the genetic architecture of complex traits requires access to populations with sufficient genetic diversity and recombination. Multiparent Advanced Generation InterCross (MAGIC) populations are a powerful resource due to their balanced population structure, allelic diversity, and enhanced recombination. However, implementing a MAGIC population in complex polyploids such as wheat is challenging, as wheat harbors many introgressions, inversions, and other genetic factors that interfere with linkage mapping. By utilizing a comprehensive crossing strategy, additional rounds of mixing, and novel genotype calling approaches, we developed a bread wheat 8-parent MAGIC population of over 3000 genotyped recombinant inbred lines derived from 2151 distinct crosses. This effort resulted in a dense genetic map covering the complete genome. Further rounds of inter-crossing led to increased recombination in inbred lines, as expected. We identified structural variation highlighted by segregation distortion, along with epistatic allelic interactions between specific founders. We report on a novel and effective resource for genomic and trait exploration in hexaploid wheat, capable of detecting small genetic effects and epistatic interactions due to the high level of recombination and large number of lines. The interactions and genetic effects identified provide a basis for ongoing research to understand the basis of allelic frequencies across the genome, particularly where economically important loci are involved.
Randomized experimental test of a reduced-exposure message for an e-cigarette: effects on risk perceptions
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Kim Sooyong , McCaffrey Stacey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adults who smoke (AWS) who switch completely to e-cigarettes reduce their exposures to many harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke. Those who believe e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes are more likely to use e-cigarettes to switch away from smoking, yet most believe e-cigarettes are at least as harmful as cigarettes. This study assessed the effect on risk perceptions of communicating that switching can reduce exposure to harmful chemicals from cigarette smoke. In a randomized experiment, AWS (n = 3485), dual users (DU) of cigarettes and e-cigarettes (n = 1756), and nonusers (n = 7316) viewed an ad for JUUL with or without a reduced-exposure message, and completed assessments of perceived risk. Message exposure decreased perceived risk of JUUL among adults who smoke, while increasing perceived risk of smoking, thus increasing the perceived risk differential (PRD). Among DU, the message increased perceived risk of smoking, but did not change perceived risk of JUUL. Among nonusers, who rated the perceived risk of all assessed tobacco products higher than did AWS and DU, the message decreased perceived risk of JUUL, and did not affect perceived risk of smoking. Accurate modified exposure communications have potential public health benefit by shifting the PRD of smoking and e-cigarettes.
Phylogenomic resolution of marine to freshwater dinoflagellate transitions
Authors: Mtawali Mahara , Cooney Elizabeth C , Adams Jayd , Jin Joshua , Holt Corey C , Keeling Patrick J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dinoflagellates are an abundant and diverse group of protists that inhabit aquatic environments worldwide. They are characterized by numerous unique cellular and molecular traits, and have adapted to an unusually broad range of life strategies, including phototrophy, heterotrophy, parasitism, and all combinations of these. For most microbial groups, transitions from marine to freshwater environments are relatively rare, as changes in salinity are thought to lead to significant osmotic challenges that are difficult for the cell to overcome. Recent work has shown that dinoflagellates have overcome these challenges relatively often in evolutionary time, but because this is mostly based on single gene trees with low overall support, many of the relationships between freshwater and marine groups remain unresolved. Normally, phylogenomics could clarify such conclusions, but despite the recent surge in data, virtually no freshwater dinoflagellates have been characterized at the genome-wide level. Here, we generated 30 transcriptomes from cultures and single cells collected from freshwater environments to infer a robustly supported phylogenomic tree from 217 conserved genes, resolving at least seven transitions to freshwater in dinoflagellates. Mapping the distribution of ASVs from freshwater environmental samples onto this tree confirms these groups and identifies additional lineages where freshwater dinoflagellates likely remain unsampled. We also sampled two species of Durinskia, a genus of “dinotoms” with both marine and freshwater lineages containing Nitzschia-derived tertiary plastids. Ribosomal RNA phylogenies show that the host cells are closely related, but their endosymbionts are likely descended from two distantly-related freshwater Nitzschia species that were acquired in parallel and relatively recently.
Reassessing the Cepheid-based distance ladder: implications for the Hubble constant
Authors: Högås Marcus , Mörtsell Edvard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Hubble constant (H0) is a key parameter in cosmology, yet its precise value remains contentious due to discrepancies between early- and late-universe measurement methods, a problem known as the “Hubble tension.” In this study, we revisit the Cepheid-based distance ladder calibration, focusing on two potential sources of bias in the period-luminosity relation (PLR): (1) the assumed prior for the residual parallax offset of the Milky Way (MW) Cepheids and (2) systematic differences between Cepheid periods in anchor galaxies versus supernova host galaxies. To address the latter, we adopt two different strategies alongside a renewed MW Cepheid calibration. The first strategy involves resampling anchor and host Cepheids from a common distribution of periods. This approach provides a conservative estimate of H0 = (72.18 ± 1.76) km/s/Mpc, including the renewed MW analysis. The increased uncertainty reflects the reduced sample size—about 700 Cepheids per resampling compared to 3200 in the original dataset. This method reduces the Hubble tension from 5.4 σ (as reported by the SH0ES collaboration with H0 = (73.17 ± 0.86) km/s/Mpc) to 2.4 σ. The second strategy allows the PLR slope to vary with the period, yielding H0 = (72.35 ± 0.91) km/s/Mpc, including the renewed MW analysis, and the tension reduced to 4.4 σ. A statistical comparison of the model with the single-linear PLR shows a significant preference for the broken PLR (p-value &lt;0.001). Both strategies consistently indicate a downward shift of approximately −1 km/s/Mpc in H0. Our findings underscore the importance of careful consideration of Cepheid population characteristics for precise H0 calibrations.
Music-based interventions in mild cognitive impairment and kidney disease: a scoping review on behalf of CONNECT Action (Cognitive Decline in Nephro-Neurology European Cooperative Target)
Authors: Giordano Filippo , Rotella Stefania , Capasso Giovambattista , Fiorentino Marco , Gesualdo Loreto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Music-based interventions (MBIs) have shown promise in enhancing cognitive and behavioral functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the clinical application of MBIs in MCI and explore their potential use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases for studies published between January 2013 and October 2023. The search focused on MBIs applied to MCI and CKD patients. We collected data on study design, type of MBIs administered and main clinical outcomes.

Results
Sixteen studies were included in this review, ten of which were randomized control trials (RCTs). MBIs ranged from passive music listening (4 studies) to active participation in music-making (vocal or singing activities, play instruments and improvisation, music interventions associated with physical activity, musical stimulation). While no studies specifically focused on CKD patients, cognitive improvements were generally more significant with active interventions, whereas behavioral benefits were more associated with receptive approaches.

Conclusions
MBIs showed potential benefits in improving cognitive and depressive symptoms associated with MCI. Given the high prevalence of MCI in CKD patients, future studies should investigate the application of MBIs in this population.
Neural Cell Competition Sculpting Brain from Cradle to Grave
Authors: Li Yu Zheng , Gao Lisen , Sun Xue-Lian , Duan Lihui , Jiang Man , Wu Qing-Feng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Darwinian selection, operating within the cellular ecosystem of multicellular organisms, drives a pervasive surveillance mechanism of cell-cell competition that shapes tissue architecture and function. While cell competition eliminates suboptimal cells to ensure tissue integrity across various tissues, neuronal competition specifically sculpts neural networks to establish precise circuits for sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. However, our understanding of cell competition across diverse neural cell types in both developmental and pathological contexts remains limited. Here, we review recent advances on the phenomenon, mechanisms, and potential functions of neural cell competition, ranging from neural progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, to microglia. Physiological neural cell competition governs cellular survival, proliferation, arborization, organization, function, and territorial colonization, whereas dysregulated neural cell competition may cause neurodevelopmental disorders, accelerate aging, exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases, and drive brain tumor progression. Future work leveraging cell competition mechanisms may help to improve cognition and curb diseases.