bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity, telomere length and the potential modifying effects of social support in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Lima Sarah M , Ren Xuefeng , Mu Lina , Ochs-Balcom Heather M , Palermo Tia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective:Telomere length (TL) is a posited pathway through which chronic stress results in biological dysregulation and subsequent adverse health outcomes. Food insecurity is associated with shorter TL. Social support, which is defined by the size and function of an individual’s social network, is associated with better health outcomes. The present study assesses whether social support modifies the relationship between food security and TL.Design:Cross-sectional study design. Linear regression was used to assess the association between food insecurity and TL, stratified by social support level. A multiplicative interacted model was used to formally test modification.Setting:Data come from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 waves.Participants:Adults aged 60 years and older who have measurements for TL.Results:Our sample comprised 2674 participants, and 63·5 % of the total sample had low social support, with 13·3 % being food insecure. In fully adjusted models, food insecurity was negatively though modestly associated (P = 0·13) with TL. Associations between food insecurity and TL were significantly modified by social support (interaction P = 0·026), whereby food insecurity had a stronger effect among individuals with high social support (coefficient = –0·099 (95 % CI: –0·161, –0·038)) compared to low social support (coefficient = –0·001, (95 % CI: –0·033, 0·032)).Conclusion:Food insecurity is modestly associated with shorter TL. Contrary to our hypothesis, food insecurity had more deleterious effects on TL among participants with high social support than low social support. Results may indicate that the food insecure population is a higher needs population, and increased social support reflects these needs rather than providing protective effects.
Neuroticism as a moderator of symptom-related distress and depression in 4 noncancer end-of-life populations
Authors: Kredentser Maia S. , Mackenzie Corey S. , McClement Susan E. , Enns Murray W. , Hiebert-Murphy Diane , Murphy Dallas J. , Chochinov Harvey M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesNeuroticism is a significant predictor of adverse psychological outcomes in patients with cancer. Less is known about how this relationship manifests in those with noncancer illness at the end-of-life (EOL). The objective of this study was to examine the impact of neuroticism as a moderator of physical symptoms and development of depression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and frailty in the last 6 months of life.MethodsWe met this objective using secondary data collected in the Dignity and Distress across End-of-Life Populations study. The data included N = 404 patients with ALS (N = 101), COPD (N = 100), ESRD (N = 101), and frailty (N = 102) in the estimated last 6 months of life, with a range of illness-related symptoms, assessed longitudinally at 2 time points. We examined neuroticism as a moderator of illness-related symptoms at Time 1 (∼6 months before death) and depression at Time 2 (∼3 months before death) using ordinary least squares regression.ResultsResults revealed that neuroticism significantly moderated the relationship between the following symptoms and depression measured 3 months later: drowsiness, fatigue, shortness of breath, wellbeing (ALS); drowsiness, trouble sleeping, will to live, activity (COPD); constipation (ESRD); and weakness and will to live (frailty).Significance of ResultsThese findings suggest that neuroticism represents a vulnerability factor that either attenuates or amplifies the relationship of specific illness and depressive symptoms in these noncancer illness groups at the EOL. Identifying those high in neuroticism may provide insight into patient populations that require special care at the EOL.
Electrical Response of a Reactivated Ancient Suture Revealed by Three‐Dimensional Magnetotelluric Inversion Across the Jinsha River Suture, Northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Kang Jianqiang , Han Jiangtao , Gao Rui , Liu Lijia , Xin Zhonghua , Meng Fanwen , Guo Zhenyu , Wang Tianqi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe northern Tibetan Plateau offers an excellent opportunity to investigate continental collision involving the Indian and Asian plates in this remote, high‐altitude region. However, the deep structure of the region remains incomplete and controversial, which limits our understanding of the processes of continental convergence. This study presents a new 350‐km‐long magnetotelluric (MT) profile across the Northern Qiangtang and Hoh Xil terranes in the western part of the northern Tibetan Plateau to elucidate the lithospheric structure of the reactivated Jinsha River suture. We carry out a three‐dimensional inversion to acquire the electrical structure beneath the Jinsha River suture, and reveal the presence of large‐scale conductive anomalies in the middle‐lower crust of the Northern Qiangtang and Hoh Xil terranes. The high‐conductivity anomaly beneath the Jinsha River suture extends to >80 km depth and is coincident with a zone of high melt fraction (>5%) in the middle‐lower crust beneath the Jinsha River suture, thereby indicating that this suture has become a rheological channel. The convergence of Indian and Asian lithosphere beneath the northern Tibetan Plateau may be the driving mechanism for the reactivation of this ancient suture. Continental subduction leads to enhanced convection in the mantle. This reactivated suture, which is a tectonically weak zone, provides a conduit for the upwelling of hot mantle material to result in the subsequent melting of the middle‐lower crust. Moreover, our findings provide valuable insights into the geodynamic evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau, as well as contribute to our understanding of continental convergence processes.
Attribution of the Record‐Breaking Extreme Precipitation Events in July 2021 Over Central and Eastern China to Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Wang Liangyi , Gu Xihui , Slater Louise J. , Lai Yangchen , Zheng Yanhui , Gong Jie , Dembélé Moctar , Tosunoğlu Fatih , Liu Jianyu , Zhang Xiang , Kong Dongdong , Li Jianfeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn July 2021, Typhoon In‐Fa produced record‐breaking extreme precipitation events (hereafter referred to as the 2021 EPEs) in central and eastern China, and caused serious socioeconomic losses and casualties. However, it is still unknown whether the 2021 EPEs can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change (ACC) and how the occurrence probabilities of precipitation events of a similar magnitude might evolve in the future. The 2021 EPEs in central (eastern) China occurred in the context of no linear trend (a significantly increasing trend at a rate of 4.44%/decade) in the region‐averaged Rx5day (summer maximum 5‐day accumulated precipitation) percentage precipitation anomaly (PPA), indicating that global warming might have no impact on the 2021 EPE in central China but might have impacted the 2021 EPE in eastern China by increasing the long‐term trend of EPEs. Using the scaled generalized extreme value distribution, we detected a slightly negative (significantly positive) association of the Rx5day PPA time series in central (eastern) China with the global mean temperature anomaly, suggesting that global warming might have no (a detectable) contribution to the changes in occurrence probability of precipitation extremes like the 2021 EPEs in central (eastern) China. Historical attributions (1961–2020) showed that the likelihood of the 2021 EPE in central/eastern China decreased/increased by approximately +47% (−23% to +89%)/+55% (−45% to +201%) due to ACC. By the end of the 21st century, the likelihood of precipitation extremes similar to the 2021 EPE in central/eastern China under SSP585 is 14 (9–19)/15 (9–20) times higher than under historical climate conditions.
Sea Level Rise Learning Scenarios for Adaptive Decision‐Making Based on IPCC AR6
Authors: Völz Vanessa , Hinkel Jochen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdaptation decision‐scientists increasingly use real‐option analysis to consider the value of learning about future climate variable development in adaptation decisions. Toward this end learning scenarios are needed, which are scenarios that provide information on future variable values seen not only from today (as static scenarios), but also seen from future moments in time. Decision‐scientists generally develop learning scenarios themselves, mostly through time‐independent (stationary) or highly simplified methods. The climate learning scenarios thus attained generally only poorly represent the uncertainties of state‐of‐the‐art climate science and thus may lead to biased decisions. This paper first motivates the need for learning scenarios by providing a simple example to illustrate characteristics and benefits of learning scenarios. Next, we analyze how well learning scenarios represent climate uncertainties in the context of sea level rise and present a novel method called direct fit to generate climate learning scenarios that outperforms existing methods. This is illustrated by quantifying the difference of the sea level rise learning scenarios created with both methods to the original underlying scenario. The direct fit method is based on pointwise probability distributions, for example, boxplots, and hence can be applied to static scenarios as well as ensemble trajectories. Furthermore, the direct fit method offers a much simpler process for generating learning scenarios from static or “ordinary” climate scenarios.
Evaluating and Improving the Models' Prediction Skills for the Relationship Between the Summer NWPSH in Different Months
Authors: Li Shuai , Yang Jie , Wang Xudong , Zhang Renhe , Gong ZhiQiang , Feng Guolin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCompared to interannual and interdecadal variations, inadequate attention has been given to intraseasonal changes in the summer northwest Pacific subtropical high (NWPSH). During 1981–2005, the north Indian Ocean (NIO) and NWPSH exhibit significant relationships from June to August, while the influences of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation 1 (BSISO1) in June and August differ from its impacts in July, resulting in a significant correlation between the NWPSH in June and August. The models capture NIO's roles but underestimate BSISO1's influences, leading to an underestimation (overestimation) of the relationship between NWPSH in June and August (adjacent two months). A dynamical‐statistical approach based on the close relationship between June and August NWPSH is proposed to improve models' prediction capabilities. Improved results show the mean correlation coefficients (root mean square errors) between prediction and observation for August precipitation and geopotential height increase by 57% and 21% (decrease by 0.27 mm/day and 1.61 m).
Modeling of Multi‐Ion Plasma Bubbles in the Equatorial Ionosphere
Authors: Jiang Chunhua , Wei Lehui , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro , Tian Rong , Liu Tongxin , Yang Guobin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEquatorial plasma bubbles (spread F/ionospheric irregularities) are plasma density irregularities or depletion in the ionosphere. It can be observed by radio waves, optical and in situ instruments during postsunset in equatorial and low‐latitude regions. Severe scintillations in radio waves can be caused by the presence of plasma bubbles. Therefore, studies of plasma bubbles become one of the most important and hot topics. Many studies have been devoted to the physical mechanism and characteristics of plasma bubbles in the ionosphere. However, some critical issues (e.g., day‐to‐day variability, complex structures, and ions composition) are still not well known. In this study, a new two‐dimensional model of multi‐ion (H+, He+, N+, O+, N2+, NO+, and O2+) plasma bubbles was developed. The photoionization, chemical reaction, and recombination processes of multiple ions have been added to the new model. The present model was used to simulate the nonlinear evolutions of multiple plasma bubbles in the equatorial region. Results show that the merging, disconnection and connection processes of plasma bubbles can be reproduced in this simulation. In addition, simulations first present morphological structures of molecular ions (NO+, O2+) of multiple plasma bubbles, which are significantly different from plasma bubbles. Molecular ion NO+ is manifested as plasma blobs. However, molecular ion O2+ is manifested as bubbles at low altitudes but blobs at high altitudes. The complex structures of multiple plasma bubbles and morphological structures of molecular ions in the present simulation are mostly consistent with observations.
The Impact of Extreme Rainstorms on Escarpment Morphology in Arid Areas: Insights From the Central Negev Desert
Authors: Shmilovitz Yuval , Marra Francesco , Enzel Yehouda , Morin Efrat , Armon Moshe , Matmon Ari , Mushkin Amit , Levi Yoav , Khain Pavel , Rossi Matthew W. , Tucker Greg , Pederson Joel , Haviv Itai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe impact of climate on topography, which is a theme in landscape evolution studies, has been demonstrated, mostly, at mountain range scales and across climate zones. However, in drylands, spatiotemporal discontinuities of rainfall and the crucial role of extreme rainstorms raise questions and challenges in identifying climate properties that govern surface processes. Here, we combine methods to examine hyperarid escarpment sensitivity to storm‐scale forcing. Using a high‐resolution DEM and field measurements, we analyzed the topography of a 40‐km‐long escarpment in the Negev desert (Israel). We also used rainfall intensity data from a convection‐permitting numerical weather model for storm‐scale statistical analysis. We conducted hydrological simulations of synthetic rainstorms, revealing the frequency of sediment mobilization along the sub‐cliff slopes. Results show that cliff gradients along the hyperarid escarpment increase systematically from the wetter (90 mm yr−1) southwestern to the drier (45 mm yr−1) northeastern sides. Also, sub‐cliff slopes at the southwestern study site are longer and associated with milder gradients and coarser sediments. Storm‐scale statistical analysis reveals a trend of increasing extreme (>10 years return‐period) intensities toward the northeast site, opposite to the trend in mean annual rainfall. Hydrological simulations based on these statistics indicate a higher frequency of sediment mobilization in the northeast, which can explain the pronounced topographic differences between the sites. The variations in landscape and rainstorm properties across a relatively short distance highlight the sensitivity of arid landforms to extreme events.
Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions
Authors: Tan Yunhan , Wang Zhihan , Xu Mengtong , Li Bowen , Huang Zhao , Qin Siyuan , Nice Edouard C. , Tang Jing , Huang Canhua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.
FBXW2 suppresses breast tumorigenesis by targeting AKT-Moesin-SKP2 axis
Authors: Barik Ganesh Kumar , Sahay Osheen , Mukhopadhyay Anindya , Manne Rajesh Kumar , Islam Sehbanul , Roy Anup , Nath Somsubhra , Santra Manas Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOncogene Moesin plays critical role in initiation, progression, and metastasis of multiple cancers. It exerts oncogenic activity due to its high-level expression as well as posttranslational modification in cancer. However, factors responsible for its high-level expression remain elusive. In this study, we identified positive as well as negative regulators of Moesin. Our study reveals that Moesin is a cellular target of F-box protein FBXW2. We showed that FBXW2 suppresses breast cancer progression through directing proteasomal degradation of Moesin. In contrast, AKT kinase plays an important role in oncogenic function of Moesin by protecting it from FBXW2-mediated proteasomal degradation. Mechanistically, AKT phosphorylates Moesin at Thr-558 and thereby prevents its degradation by FBXW2 via weakening the association between FBXW2 and Moesin. Further, accumulated Moesin prevents FBXW2-mediated degradation of oncogene SKP2, showing that Moesin functions as an upstream regulator of oncogene SKP2. In turn, SKP2 stabilizes Moesin by directing its non-degradable form of polyubiquitination and therefore AKT-Moesin-SKP2 oncogenic axis plays crucial role in breast cancer progression. Collectively, our study reveals that FBXW2 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by restricting AKT-Moesin-SKP2 axis. Thus, AKT-Moesin-SKP2 axis may be explored for the development of therapeutics for cancer treatment.
Guadecitabine plus ipilimumab in unresectable melanoma: five-year follow-up and integrated multi-omic analysis in the phase 1b NIBIT-M4 trial
Authors: Noviello Teresa Maria Rosaria , Di Giacomo Anna Maria , Caruso Francesca Pia , Covre Alessia , Mortarini Roberta , Scala Giovanni , Costa Maria Claudia , Coral Sandra , Fridman Wolf H. , Sautès-Fridman Catherine , Brich Silvia , Pruneri Giancarlo , Simonetti Elena , Lofiego Maria Fortunata , Tufano Rossella , Bedognetti Davide , Anichini Andrea , Maio Michele , Ceccarelli Michele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAssociation with hypomethylating agents is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors-based therapy. The NIBIT-M4 was a phase Ib, dose-escalation trial in patients with advanced melanoma of the hypomethylating agent guadecitabine combined with the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab that followed a traditional 3 + 3 design (NCT02608437). Patients received guadecitabine 30, 45 or 60 mg/m2/day subcutaneously on days 1 to 5 every 3 weeks starting on week 0 for a total of four cycles, and ipilimumab 3 mg/kg intravenously starting on day 1 of week 1 every 3 weeks for a total of four cycles. Primary outcomes of safety, tolerability, and maximum tolerated dose of treatment were previously reported. Here we report the 5-year clinical outcome for the secondary endpoints of overall survival, progression free survival, and duration of response, and an exploratory integrated multi-omics analysis on pre- and on-treatment tumor biopsies. With a minimum follow-up of 45 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 28.9% and the median duration of response was 20.6 months. Re-expression of immuno-modulatory endogenous retroviruses and of other repetitive elements, and a mechanistic signature of guadecitabine are associated with response. Integration of a genetic immunoediting index with an adaptive immunity signature stratifies patients/lesions into four distinct subsets and discriminates 5-year overall survival and progression free survival. These results suggest that coupling genetic immunoediting with activation of adaptive immunity is a relevant requisite for achieving long term clinical benefit by epigenetic immunomodulation in advanced melanoma patients.
Increasing associative plasticity in temporo-occipital back-projections improves visual perception of emotions
Authors: Borgomaneri Sara , Zanon Marco , Di Luzio Paolo , Cataneo Antonio , Arcara Giorgio , Romei Vincenzo , Tamietto Marco , Avenanti Alessio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is a critical node in a network specialized for perceiving emotional facial expressions that is reciprocally connected with early visual cortices (V1/V2). Current models of perceptual decision-making increasingly assign relevance to recursive processing for visual recognition. However, it is unknown whether inducing plasticity into reentrant connections from pSTS to V1/V2 impacts emotion perception. Using a combination of electrophysiological and neurostimulation methods, we demonstrate that strengthening the connectivity from pSTS to V1/V2 selectively increases the ability to perceive facial expressions associated with emotions. This behavior is associated with increased electrophysiological activity in both these brain regions, particularly in V1/V2, and depends on specific temporal parameters of stimulation that follow Hebbian principles. Therefore, we provide evidence that pSTS-to-V1/V2 back-projections are instrumental to perception of emotion from facial stimuli and functionally malleable via manipulation of associative plasticity.
Dual enzyme-powered chemotactic cross β amyloid based functional nanomotors
Authors: Ghosh Chandranath , Ghosh Souvik , Chatterjee Ayan , Bera Palash , Mampallil Dileep , Ghosh Pushpita , Das Dibyendu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanomotor chassis constructed from biological precursors and powered by biocatalytic transformations can offer important applications in the future, specifically in emergent biomedical techniques. Herein, cross β amyloid peptide-based nanomotors (amylobots) were prepared from short amyloid peptides. Owing to their remarkable binding capabilities, these soft constructs are able to host dedicated enzymes to catalyze orthogonal substrates for motility and navigation. Urease helps in powering the self-diffusiophoretic motion, while cytochrome C helps in providing navigation control. Supported by the simulation model, the design principle demonstrates the utilization of two distinct transport behaviours for two different types of enzymes, firstly enhanced diffusivity of urease with increasing fuel (urea) concentration and secondly, chemotactic motility of cytochrome C towards its substrate (pyrogallol). Dual catalytic engines allow the amylobots to be utilized for enhanced catalysis in organic solvent and can thus complement the technological applications of enzymes.