bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay between Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation and Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortex Warming
Authors: Wang Feiyang , Wang Lei , Dai Tanlong , Han Yuanyuan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) features more distinctive and complex propagation characteristics than its wintertime counterpart, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). While the relationship between the MJO and the Arctic stratosphere during boreal winter has been widely documented, the linkage between the BSISO and the Antarctic stratosphere during austral winter has not been extensively discussed. Here, after identifying the Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric polar vortex warming (SPVW) events, we reveal the bidirectional connection between BSISO and SPVW. Before onset of the SPVW events, the occurrence frequency and amplitude of BSISO phase 5 (P5) shows a significant increase. The most significant responses of the SH polar stratospheric temperature to the BSISO are found about 10 days after BSISO P5. Thus, to some extent, BSISO P5 can be regarded as a precursor to the SH SPVW event, which is attributed to the enhanced upward propagation and dissipation of planetary waves in the SH stratosphere induced by the BSISO P5. After onset of the SPVW events, a significant increase in the occurrence and amplitude of BSISO P6 is observed, corresponding to the enhanced convection over the South China Sea and southern Philippine Sea. Tropical upwelling associated with the strengthened Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) induced by the SPVW tends to result in unstable circumstances in the tropical upper troposphere. Then the high correlation between static stability at 150 hPa and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies over the South China Sea and southern Philippine Sea provides robust evidence that the intensity of convective activity in the tropics can indeed be modulated by the variability in SH stratospheric polar vortex.

Significance Statement
The relationship between the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar stratosphere remains unclear. After selecting the stratospheric polar vortex warming (SPVW) events, we reveal the two-way connection between BSISO and SPVW. Before the SPVW, the significant increase in occurrence and amplitude of BSISO phase 5 (P5) suggests that BSISO P5 can be regarded as a precursor to the weakened polar vortex. After the SPVW, the significant increase in occurrence and amplitude of BSISO phase 6 (P6) establishes that environmental alteration in tropical upper troposphere induced by the SPVW provides a favorable condition for the growth of ensuing convective activity. The results here help us better understand the potential link between stratospheric polar vortex and tropical intraseasonal oscillation.
The Indian Ocean Weakens the ENSO Spring Predictability Barrier: Role of the Indian Ocean Basin and Dipole Modes
Authors: Jin Yishuai , Meng Xing , Zhang Li , Zhao Yingying , Cai Wenju , Wu Lixin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Prediction of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is hindered by a spring predictability barrier (SPB). In this paper, we investigate the effects of the Indian Ocean (IO) on the SPB. Using a seasonally varying extended IO–ENSO recharge oscillator model, we find that the SPB is much weakened when IO is coupled with ENSO. To gauge the relative role of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and the Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) modes in weakening ENSO SPB, we develop an empirical dynamical model, the linear inverse model (LIM). By coupling/decoupling the IOB or IOD mode with ENSO, we show that the IOB significantly weakens eastern Pacific and central Pacific ENSO SPBs, while the IOD plays a weaker role. The evolution of the optimum initial structures also illustrates the importance of the IOB in ENSO SPB. Moreover, the IOB strongly influences the forecast skill of La Niña SPB rather than El Niño SPB. This point is also identified through six coupled models from the North American multimodel ensemble. It may be related to the role of the IO in the asymmetry in the duration of El Niño and La Niña. The IOB-induced easterly wind anomalies are conducive to the development of La Niña and thus the prediction of La Niña events, whereas these anomalous easterlies are less important during the development of El Niño and the related forecast of El Niño events.
Paired Satellite and NWP Precipitation for Global Flood Forecasting
Authors: Huang Zhijun , Wu Huan , Gu Guojun , Li Xiaomeng , Nanding Nergui , Adler Robert F. , Yilmaz Koray K. , Alfieri Lorenzo , Chen Sirong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Precipitation data are known to be the key driver of hydrological simulations. Hence, reliable quantitative precipitation estimates and forecasts are vital for accurate hydrological forecasting. Satellite-based precipitation estimates from Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM Early Run (IMERG-E) and forecasted precipitation from NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System Forward Processing (GEOS-FP) have shown values in global flood nowcasting and forecasting. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated their hydrological performance let alone explored the potential value of combining them. Therefore, this study undertakes a quasi-global evaluation of their utility in real-time hydrological monitoring and 1–5-day forecasting with the Dominant River Tracing-Routing Integrated with Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Environment (DRIVE) model. The gauge-corrected IMERG Final Run precipitation estimates and corresponding hydrological simulation are used as the references. Results showed that the hit bias is the dominant error source of IMERG-E, while the false precipitation is more noticeable in GEOS-FP. In terms of hydrological performance, the GEOS-FP-driven model (DRIVE-FP) performance is close to the IMERG-E-driven model (DRIVE-E) performance on day 1, indicating that GEOS-FP could nicely fill the gap of nowcasting caused by the IMERG-E time latency. For longer lead-time forecasts, the bias tends to diminish in most regions, likely because the under- or overestimation in IMERG-E is generally offset by the distinct types of misestimation in GEOS-FP. The skillful initial hydrological conditions present outperformed forecasts in most regions, except for tropical areas where the accuracy of GEOS-FP prevails. Overall, this study provides a valuable view of the combined use of IMERG-E and GEOS-FP precipitation in the context of hydrological nowcasts and forecasts.
Comments on “A Climatology of Cell Mergers with Supercells and Their Association with Mesocyclone Evolution” and “The Influence of Cell Mergers on Supercell Characteristics and Tornado Evolution on 27–28 April 2011”
Authors: Fischer Jannick , Flournoy Matthew D. , Lyza Anthony W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Two recent articles investigated the evolution of supercell mesocyclone intensity during storm merger events using radar-indicated azimuthal shear. Both found that initially strong mesocyclones tended to weaken while initially weak mesocyclones statistically most frequently tended to intensify during the merger. However, these studies did not include null cases. In this article, random supercell periods are analyzed to test if a similar pattern of mesocyclone intensity variations happens in the absence of mergers. A similar pattern is found, suggesting that these intensity variations are stochastic rather than linked to merger events. Based on this finding, the datasets and conclusions of the previous two articles are reevaluated collaboratively.
Forecast Applications of GLM Gridded Products: A Data Fusion Perspective
Authors: Thiel Kevin C. , Calhoun Kristin M. , Reinhart Anthony E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The recently deployed GOES-R series Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) provides forecasters with a new, rapidly updating lightning data source to diagnose, forecast, and monitor atmospheric convection. Gridded GLM products have been developed to improve operational forecast applications, with variables including flash extent density (FED), minimum flash area (MFA), and total optical energy (TOE). While these gridded products have been evaluated, there is a continual need to integrate these products with other datasets available to forecasters such as radar, satellite imagery, and ground-based lightning networks. Data from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system, and one ground-based lightning network were compared against gridded GLM imagery from GOES-East and GOES-West in case studies of two supercell thunderstorms, along with a bulk study from 13 April to 31 May 2019, to provide further validation and applications of gridded GLM products from a data fusion perspective. Increasing FED and decreasing MFA corresponded with increasing thunderstorm intensity from the perspective of ABI infrared imagery and MRMS vertically integrated reflectivity products, and was apparent for more robust and severe convection. Flash areas were also observed to maximize between clean-IR brightness temperatures of 210–230 K and isothermal reflectivity at −10°C of 20–30 dBZ. TOE observations from both GLMs provided additional context of local GLM flash rates in each case study, due to their differing perspectives of convective updrafts.

Significance Statement
The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) is a lightning sensor on the current generation of U.S. weather satellites. This research shows how data from the space-based lightning sensor can be combined with radar, satellite imagery, and ground-based lightning networks to improve how forecasters monitor thunderstorms and issue warnings for severe weather. The rate of GLM flashes detected and the area they cover correspond well with radar and satellite signatures, especially in cases of intense and severe thunderstorms. When the GLM observes the same thunderstorm from the GOES-East and GOES-West satellites, the optical energy (brightness) of the flashes may help forecasters interpret the types of flashes observed from each sensor.
Comparing Physical Activity and Quality of Life of Caregivers of Children With Physical Disabilities and Typically Developing Children
Authors: Nedim Aziz , Naz Ilknur , Felekoglu Elvan , Kopruluoglu Melissa , Kinik Merve 
Published: September 2023

There are conflicting reports of the level of physical activity (PA) and its relationship to quality of life (QoL) among caregivers of children with physical disabilities (CwPD). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to compare the PA levels and QoL of two groups of caregivers – a CwPD group and caregivers of typically developing children (CwTD). We included 32 family caregivers in the CwPD group (22 women, 10 men; M age = 42.1, SD = 6.2 years) and 32 caregivers in the CwTD group (24 women, 8 men; M age = 42.3, SD = 6.1 years). We assessed PA with the International Physical Activity Scale-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and self-reported activity diaries, and we assessed QoL with the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Although the IPAQ scores and sitting times of caregivers in these two groups were not statistically different ( p > .05), many parameters of self-reported activity diary data and total energy expenditure were significantly higher in the CwPD than the CwTD group ( p < .05, effect size = .53–1.10). The CwPD group reported a lower QoL according to the SF-36 and its sub-scores ( p < .05, effect size = .54–.77), and higher PA levels than those in the CwTD group. In the CwPD group, moderate, vigorous, and total PA scores were mildly to moderately associated with the total Qol score, and many of its subscores (r = .36 to .60, p < .05). The lower quality of life observed in CwPD, despite high-intensity physical activity levels, suggested that investigators and care providers should consider QoL in the CwPD group to be multifactorial and that here is a need for caregiver interventions to enhance QoL in this underserved population.
Implementation of a varicose vein module added to Swedvasc, the Swedish National Registry for vascular surgery
Authors: Blomgren Lena 
Published: September 2023

Objectives The addition of a varicose veins (VV) module to the existing Swedish National Registry for Vascular Surgery (Swedvasc) and its impact on quality of care were evaluated. Methods Vascular departments and private VV clinics were invited to enter data from 2016. Results Registrations were approximately 10,000 yearly but dropped to 5390 in 2022 when a fee was introduced for private clinics due to reduced funding. 88% more interventions were reported to Swedvasc 2020 than to the National Board of Health and Welfare. Regions differed in interventions per 100,000 inhabitants/year from 21 to 233 and in preoperative CEAP C4–6 from 30.8%–90.4%. Follow-up was 9.4%. These data contributed to the decision to prioritize the patient group for national guidelines and pathways of care, which will be monitored by Swedvasc. Conclusions A national VV registry with high coverage is possible and can contribute to national quality of care. The main challenge is funding.
Genetic and clinical characteristics of ZNF408-related familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Tao Xueying , He Liying , Cen Chao , Liu Ya , Li Qi , Gong Liyan , Zhou Wenke , Li Chunmei 
Published: September 2023

Objective To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of zinc finger protein 408 ( ZNF408)-related familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) in a Chinese cohort. Methods Ninety families from Chongqing and 16 families from Xinjiang were selected according to fundus lesion characteristics. Peripheral venous blood was collected from patients and their families; genomic DNA was extracted for whole exome sequencing. Relationships between genotype and phenotype in patients with ZNF408-related FEVR were analyzed. Results ZNF408 variants were detected in three patients (2.83%, 3/106). ZNF408 variants in these three probands were all missense mutations at novel sites. One proband had a ZNF408 and LRP5 double-gene variant, and two probands had ZNF408 single-gene variants. Patients with double-gene variants did not display more severe clinical manifestations. Conclusions This study expands the spectrum of known ZNF408 variants and confirms that ZNF408 variants can cause FEVR. Most variants detected in this study have not been reported in the literature and are suspected pathogenic variants of FEVR. In patients with FEVR, phenotype and genotype do not necessarily display a direct one-to-one relationship.
Diagnostic Performance of Belly-Press Angle in Predicting the Severity of Subscapularis Tear
Authors: Kim Hyun Gon , Kim Su Cheol , Park Jong Hun , Kim Jae Soo , Kim Bo Taek , Kim Dae Yeung , Lee Sang Min , Yoo Jae Chul 
Published: September 2023

Background: Neglected partial subscapularis tears often cause functional impairment even after repair of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear is done. Numerous physical examinations for detecting partial subscapularis tears have been described in previous studies. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the preoperative clinical features and the severity of a partial subscapularis tear and to provide diagnostic clues for patients requiring subscapularis repair. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: This retrospective study included 286 patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery between 2020 and 2022. Preoperative clinical features, including range of motion, functional scores, muscle strength ratio, modified belly-press test (measuring belly-press angle), and bear-hug test, were collected. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation was done according to the Yoo and Rhee classification. Types of subscapularis tear, supraspinatus lesion, and biceps lesion were recorded during arthroscopic surgery. A comparison of preoperative clinical features between the no-repair group (type 2A or less) and surgical repair group (type 2B or more) was done. The optimal cutoff value of the belly-press angle was determined and the diagnostic performance of the belly-press angle, bear-hug test, and MRI were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Among 286 patients, 189 (66.1%) had subscapularis tears with type 2A or more. There was a significant difference in muscle strength ratio of the belly-press ( P < .001), belly-press angle ( P < .001), and bear-hug test ( P < .001) between the no-repair group (type 2A or less) and the surgical repair group (type 2B or more). With a belly-press angle of 15° as a new cutoff value, the modified belly-press test showed 67.6% sensitivity, 73.9% specificity, and 69.6% accuracy in detecting type 2B or higher subscapularis tear. Conclusion: Patients with type 2A and 2B subscapularis tears (according to the Yoo and Rhee classification) showed differences in belly-press strength ratio, belly-press angle, and bear-hug test. The cutoff value of the 15° belly-press angle showed an accuracy of 69.6% in detecting subscapularis tears with type 2B or higher.
Meniscotibial Ligament Insufficiency Increases Force on the Posterior Medial Meniscus Root
Authors: Melugin Heath P. , Brown Justin R. , Hollenbeck Justin F.M. , Fossum Bradley W. , Whalen Ryan J. , Ganokroj Phob , Vidal Armando F. , Provencher Matthew T. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Posterior medial meniscus root (PMMR) tears are a challenge to assess and treat. However, the forces sustained at the PMMR are yet to be fully characterized. In addition, it has been shown that meniscotibial ligament (MTL) injuries happen before PMMR tears, suggesting that insufficiency of the MTL results in a change of forces acting on the PMMR. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional forces acting on the PMMR in the intact, MTL cut, and MTL tenodesis states. It was hypothesized that the MTL cut state would increase medial shear forces seen at the PMMR, whereas the medial shear force in the MTL tenodesis state would return PMMR forces to that of the intact state. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were tested in 3 states (intact, MTL cut, and tenodesis). A 3-axis load cell was installed below the posterior tibial plateau and attached to the enthesis of the PMMR. The specimen was mounted to a load frame that applied an axial load, an internal torque, and an external torque. The amount of compression-tension, mediolateral shear force, and anteroposterior shear force acting on the PMMR was measured. Results: When the joint was loaded in compression, the MTL cut state significantly increased compression of the PMMR ( P = .0368). The tenodesis state did not significantly restore forces of the PMMR ( P = .008). When the joint was loaded in external torque, the MTL cut state significantly increased compression ( P < .0001) and significantly decreased anterior shear on the PMMR ( P = .0003). The tenodesis state did not significantly restore forces on the PMMR to the intact state ( P < .0001). Increased flexion angle significantly increased medial shear forces of the PMMR when the joint was loaded in compression ( P < .007 at every angle). Conclusion: When evaluated biomechanically, MTL insufficiency resulted in increased compressive force at the PMMR. A single-anchor centralization procedure did not restore PMMR forces to that of the intact state. Increased knee flexion angle resulted in increased medial shear force on the PMMR. Clinical Relevance: The findings in this study provide clinicians information on PMMR forces when the MTL is disrupted. These data can aid in the decision-making for adding an MTL repair to augment PMMR repairs.
Effect of Concomitant Lateral Meniscal Management on ACL Reconstruction Revision Rate and Secondary Meniscal and Cartilaginous Injuries
Authors: Persson Fabian , Kaarre Janina , Herman Zachary J. , Olsson Wållgren Jonas , Hamrin Senorski Eric , Musahl Volker , Samuelsson Kristian 
Published: September 2023

Background: Simultaneous meniscal tears are often present with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and in the acute setting, the lateral meniscus (LM) is more commonly injured than the medial meniscus. Purpose: To investigate how a concomitant LM injury, repaired, resected, or left in situ during primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR), affects the ACL revision rate and cartilaginous and meniscal status at the time of revision within 2 years after the primary ACLR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data for 31,705 patients with primary ACLR, extracted from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry, were used. The odds of revision ACLR, and cartilaginous as well as meniscal injuries at the time of revision ACLR, were assessed between the unexposed comparison group (isolated ACLR) and the exposed groups of interest (ACLR + LM repair, ACLR + LM resection, ACLR + LM repair + LM resection, or ACLR + LM injury left in situ). Results: In total, 719 (2.5%) of the included 29,270 patients with 2 years follow-up data underwent revision ACLR within 2 years after the primary ACLR. No significant difference in revision rate was found between the groups. Patients with concomitant LM repair (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.57-8.10; P = .0024) or LM resection (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18-2.62; P = .0055) had higher odds of concomitant meniscal injuries (medial or lateral) at the time of revision ACLR than patients undergoing isolated primary ACLR. Additionally, higher odds of concomitant cartilage injuries at the time of revision ACLR were found in patients with LM resection at index ACLR compared with patients undergoing isolated primary ACLR (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.14-2.63; P = .010). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated higher odds of meniscal and cartilaginous injuries at the time of revision ACLR within 2 years after primary ACLR + LM resection and higher odds of meniscal injury at the time of revision ACLR within 2 years after primary ACLR + LM repair compared with isolated ACLR. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of concomitant cartilaginous and meniscal injuries at the time of revision ACLR after index ACLR with concomitant LM injury, regardless of the index treatment type received.
Association of Guillain–Barré syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Chowdhury Selia , Chowdhury Samia 
Published: September 2023

Background: Among the various side-effects of COVID-19 vaccinations, Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) has been found to have some interesting association with the vaccinations. This paper mainly focuses on exploring different associations between COVID-19 vaccination and GBS. Method: A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Embase for case reports published until July 2022. A total of 42 case reports involving 67 individuals from 16 different countries were documented. Reports were analyzed to identify presenting symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiological mechanisms related to the relevant issues. Results: The studies included a diverse range of individuals with ages ranging from 13 to 87 years, with an average age of 51.66 years and a male predominance. The average time between vaccination and symptom onset was 12.67 days. Prominent clinical features observed in the case reports included back pain, facial diplegia, weakness, and paresthesia. Diagnostic studies primarily involved cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and electromagnetic studies. A key diagnostic clue was the presence of albuminocytological dissociation in CSF. Available treatment options consisted of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, and steroids. Conclusion: This review highlights the diverse and clinically relevant associations between COVID-19 vaccination and GBS. The findings underscore the importance of conducting further studies to explore the causative links in this correlation and gain a better understanding of the relationship.