bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larval diet impacts flight performance in monarch butterflies
Authors: Ebada Ali , de Roode Jacobus C. , Majewska Ania A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Few studies have described the effects of larval diet quality on adult insect flight performance. Flight muscle development and high‐powered flight in insects are associated with costly energetic demands. Because larval diet is the energy source that powers these mechanisms, we asked whether larval diet has an impact on flight performance and metabolism in the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus Linnaeus).
Monarch caterpillars from the eastern North American and Puerto Rican populations were fed a diet of either Asclepias incarnata L. (native to the eastern North American population) or Asclepias curassavica L. (native to the Puerto Rican population and uncommon in eastern North America). We flew the monarchs on a tethered flight mill to acquire flight performance metrics including velocity, distance, duration, power, and oxygen consumption rate.
Monarchs reared on the A. incarnata L. milkweed showed slower, shorter, and less powerful flights than those fed on A. curassavica L. However, eastern North American and Puerto Rican monarchs, which were reared under summer conditions, did not differ in flight metrics or post‐flight metabolic rates.
The results suggest that flight in eastern North American and Puerto Rican monarchs is similar during the breeding season, yet the milkweed the caterpillars consume has important implications for flight performance.
Host plant selection by Cerambycidae in two different strata in association with seasonality and physical wood characteristics in a tropical dry forest
Authors: Vargas‐Cardoso Orthon Ricardo , Toledo‐Hernández Víctor Hugo , Corona‐López Angélica M. , Flores‐Palacios Alejandro , Figueroa‐Brito Rodolfo , Sosa‐Armenta Jessica Maria , López‐Martínez Víctor 
Published: June 2023

Abstract1. There is little information on tropical dry forests regarding cerambycids and their relationship with seasonality, vertical stratification, and physical characteristics of the wood they require to develop.2. In this work, we determined whether cerambycids in a tropical dry forest of central Mexico differed in the selection of oviposition sites in two different strata throughout two seasons; the relationship between the time of exposure of branches and the emergence of cerambycids; the emergence of these insects in relation to the physical characteristics of the wood and its relationship with stratification and seasonality; and if there was a seasonal shift between strata by cerambycids. Branch segments from 81 woody plant species were cut and exposed to allow the cerambycids to oviposit; the branches were harvested in four 2‐month periods and placed in emergence chambers. For each plant species, we measured the density, decomposition rate, and offered volume of wood.3. There was a greater quantity of generalist species of stratum (15) and season (12), and we found six important habitat indicator species: three species were significantly associated with the canopy and the dry season, two species preferred the dry season but not strata, and one species preferred both strata in the dry season and the ground during the rainy season. Cerambycid species generally selected soft and ephemeral wood resources.4. Branch selection by cerambycids in Central Mexico is not random choice; it is determined by season, stratum, density, and especially by host type, decomposition, and volume. Finally, there is a greater abundance of cerambycids in the ground and a greater richness of species in the canopy.
Deep learning‐based image processing for financial audit risk quantification in healthcare
Authors: Ma Yanzhe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, deep learning technology has gradually penetrated various fields. Today, the field of healthcare is also closely linked to deep learning technology. Image processing technology based on deep learning can accurately segment medical images, which is convenient for medical research and pathological analysis. Accurate distribution of images can effectively save medical resources. Therefore, image processing techniques can contribute to the quantification and assessment of economic audit risks. In recent years, medical image segmentation has achieved many research results. However, with the improvement of accuracy, the segmentation standards of medical images are also becoming more and more stringent. For medical images, they tend to have rough and fuzzy boundaries and noise disturbances of different shapes. The above problems pose challenges for accurate localization and segmentation of lesion regions. On the other hand, in the field of medical images, there are also problems such as unbalanced number of samples and scarcity of large medical image datasets. In response to these problems, this paper conducts research work and proposes an Attention Mechanism and Multi‐Scale spatial Pooling‐based conditional Adversarial Network (AM‐MSP‐cGAN) model to achieve automatic segmentation of medical images. AM‐MSP‐cGAN can learn more detailed features from fuzzy boundaries, and effectively solve the problem of data lack, thereby promoting economic audit risk quantification and assessment in the healthcare field.
Secondary orientation effects on the low cycle fatigue behaviors of rectangular‐sectional Ni‐based single crystal superalloys at medium and high temperatures
Authors: Rui Shao‐Shi , He Zhiwu , Guo Yiyun , Su Yue , Han Qi‐Nan , Ma Xianfeng , Shi Hui‐Ji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTurbine blades made of Ni‐based single crystal superalloys (NBSXs) have long‐strip shaped cross sections and rectangular‐sectional structures, where the secondary orientation produces potential effects even the primary orientation is fixed at [001]. Low cycle fatigue behaviors between [010] and [110] transversely oriented rectangular‐sectional NBSX specimens were compared. Obvious differences existed under 600°C but disappeared under 850°C, with the deformation mechanism and fracture mode transitions. Secondary orientation effects on stress asymmetry and fatigue life cannot be described by the conventional LCP model and critical plane method but were well explained by dislocation path length‐dependent back‐stress model and A.N. May's random slip model.
Ecological restoration in the age of apocalypse
Authors: Svejcar Lauren N. , Davies Kirk W. , Ritchie Alison L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBillions of dollars are spent annually on ecological restoration efforts around the world and yet successful attainment of restoration targets still falls short in many regions. Globally, ecosystem restoration is becoming increasingly challenged with changes in climate. Years with extreme climatic events that limit plant establishment, such as severe drought, heatwaves, and floods are projected to increase in frequency. A critical evaluation of current ecological restoration practices and changes to those practices are needed to attain global restoration targets. For plant restoration, many efforts globally focus on planting in a single year following disturbance. The odds of restoration efforts being conducted in a year that is inconducive to plant establishment may be calculated using climatic risk data. We propose a risk‐mitigation approach to restoration wherein plantings are conducted across multiple years for projects in a bet‐hedging strategy and evaluated through an adaptive management approach.
Bringing migrants' perspectives in ‘migration as an adaptation strategy’ discourses
Authors: Van Praag Lore 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the last few years, migration is increasingly being framed as an adaptation strategy to deal with climate change, to move away from apocalyptic representations of migration in debates on climate change. While acknowledging the merit of this discourse, this commentary calls for more attention to include migrants' perspectives in debates on environmental migration and reflecting on how such discourses work out in practice. As most studies have focused on regions of origin being impacted adversely by climate change, and the ability/willingness to migrate, the perspectives of migrants themselves and how they feel about their migration and integration, whether internally or internationally, facing slow‐onset or sudden climate impacts, have not been discussed thoroughly. This point of view is needed to grasp the preconditions of success for such discourses, as migrants occupy vulnerable positions in immigrant societies, but are pressured to have a ‘double engagement’ towards both the region of origin and destination.
The relationship between the incision line and position of the latissimus dorsi muscle for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator intermuscular implantations
Authors: Sonoda Yusuke , Fukuzawa Koji , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Takami Mitsuru , Izawa Yu , Nakamura Toshihiro , Takahara Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Kyoko , Nakasone Kazutaka , Suzuki Yuya , Tani Kenichi , Iwai Hidehiro , Nakanishi Yusuke , Shoda Mitsuhiko , Murakami Atsushi , Yonehara Shogo , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionIntermuscular implantations of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (S‐ICD) have been recommended, but the position of the anterior border of the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) has not previously been evaluated in establishing an incision line to facilitate the intermuscular approach. The objective of this study is to evalua the position and trend of the anterior border of the LDM in patients who are candidates for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators.MethodsThe distance from the back to the anterior border of the LDM (A) and the anterior–posterior width of the chest wall (B) were measured on computed tomography retrospectively, and the ratio (=A/B) was used as the position of the anterior border of the LDM. In addition, the variability and factors affecting the values were evaluated.ResultsAn analysis was performed on 78 patients, and the position of the anterior border of the LDM (=A/B) exhibited a normal distribution, with a mean value of 0.53 ± 0.062 (0.41–0.69). The position of the anterior border of the LDM tended to be more anterior in younger, taller, male, primary prevention, nonheart failure, low brain natriuretic peptide level, and nondiabetic patients.ConclusionThe position of the anterior border of the LDM varied from case to case with variable results. Conventional incisions on the midaxillary line may be inappropriate for intermuscular implantations, and the position of the anterior border of the LDM should be evaluated in each individual case to establish the incision line.
The effect of apigenin, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, in Phthalate‐Exacerbated eosinophilic asthma model
Authors: Kim Seo‐Hee , Quoc Quang Luu , Park Hae‐Sim , Shin Yoo Seob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndocrine disrupting chemicals have been known to contribute to the aggravation of inflammatory diseases including asthma. We aimed to investigate the effects of mono‐n‐butyl phthalate (MnBP) which is one of the representing phthalates, and its antagonist in an eosinophilic asthma mouse model. BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) with alum and followed by three nebulized OVA challenges. MnBP was administered through drinking water administration throughout the study period, and its antagonist, apigenin, was orally treated for 14 days before OVA challenges. Mice were assessed for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), differential cell count and type 2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured in vivo. The expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was markedly increased when MnBP was administered. MnBP treatment increased AHR, airway inflammatory cells (including eosinophils), and type 2 cytokines following OVA challenge compared to vehicle‐treated mice. However, apigenin treatment reduced all asthma features, such as AHR, airway inflammation, type 2 cytokines, and the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in MnBP‐augmented eosinophilic asthma. Our study suggests that MnBP exposure may increase the risk of eosinophilic inflammation, and apigenin treatment may be a potential therapy for asthma exacerbated by endocrine‐disrupting chemicals.
The pro‐inflammatory signature of lipopolysaccharide in spontaneous contracting embryoid bodies differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Scharmacher Jennifer , Wartenberg Maria , Sauer Heinrich 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells differentiate towards all three germ layers, including cardiac cells and leukocytes, and may be therefore suitable to model inflammatory reactions in vitro. In the present study, embryoid bodies differentiated from mouse ES cells were treated with increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic infection with gram‐negative bacteria. LPS treatment dose‐dependent increased contraction frequency of cardiac cell areas and calcium spikes and increased protein expression of α‐actinin. LPS treatment increased the expression of the macrophage marker CD68 and CD69, which is upregulated after activation on T cells, B cells and NK cells. LPS dose‐dependent increased protein expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). Moreover, upregulation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), IL‐1ß and cleaved caspase 1 was observed, indicating activation of inflammasome. In parallel, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and expression of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4 and eNOS occurred. ROS generation, NOX2 expression and NO generation were downregulated by the TLR4 receptor antagonist TAK‐242 which abolished the LPS‐induced positive chronotropic effect of LPS. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that LPS induced a pro‐inflammatory cellular immune response in tissues derived from ES cells, recommending the in vitro model of embryoid bodies for inflammation research.
Predicting three categories of Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System 8‐items score‐based glycemic targets using the number of animal names recalled
Authors: Hiiragi Hiroko , Minami Taichi , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System 8‐items (DASC‐8) assesses memory, orientation, instrumental activities of daily living and basic activities of daily living. Category I (DASC‐8 score ≤10), category II (11 ≤ DASC‐8 score ≤16) and category III (DASC‐8 score ≥17) have been defined. Based on these categories, the glycemic targets in diabetes patients aged ≥65 years have been proposed by the Japan Diabetes Society and the Japan Geriatrics Society Joint Committee. DASC‐8 is difficult to apply to patients without family members or supportive persons. We propose a verbal fluency test as the screening tool.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 69 inpatients aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes, who were administered the DASC‐8 and VF tests, which included recalling animal names and common nouns starting with a specified letter in 1 min. The relationship between DASC‐8 and verbal fluency test scores was investigated.ResultsAnimal fluency correlated with DASC‐8 scores after adjustment for patient characteristics. Animal scores correlated with orientation, instrumental activities of daily living and basic activities of daily living scores of DASC‐8, and tended to show a relationship with DASC‐8 memory scores. An animal score ≥8 predicted category I with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 57%. An animal score ≤6 predicted category III with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 67%.ConclusionsAnimal scores would be useful in predicting the categories of DASC‐8. Animal fluency could be a screening tool of DASC‐8 when a patient's family member or supportive person is absent.
Sequential mergers under incomplete information
Authors: Cong Jiajia , Zhou Wen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study sequential mergers under incomplete information where the follower is ignorant about the leader's merger synergy. When the follower's own synergy is sufficiently large, incomplete information induces both firms to merge more. These additional mergers benefit both firms and total welfare but hurt consumers. If the follower's synergy is very small, the leader is unable to take any strategic action, and most results are reversed. The analysis suggests that incomplete information strengthens the strategic complementarity between the two mergers and thereby increases the likelihood of a merger wave.
Diphenylcyclopropenone and platelet‐rich plasma in the management of severe or recalcitrant alopecia areata
Authors: Abd El‐Magid Wafaa Mohamed , Mohamed Raghda Alaa‐Eldeen , Elsharkawy Reham Ezz‐Eldawla 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a common disease characterized by hair loss with an autoimmune background. There are many lines of therapy, but no standard line for all cases. Consequently, treating severe forms of AA is challenging.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) with DPCP alone in treating patients with severe or refractory AA.Patients and methodsOur randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with severe and recalcitrant AA. Group A included 13 patients who received only DPCP, while Group B included 11 patients who received both DPCP and PRP. After sensitization in both groups of patients, DPCP was applied to half the scalp weekly. In addition, PRP injection in all scalp was performed once a month in group B. The patients in both groups completed the study for six months.ResultsThe regrowth scale results were 53.85% and 54.5% for groups A and B, respectively. Although the response rate of group B was higher than that of group A, there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionFrom our clinical trial, it can be concluded that DPCP alone or combined with PRP is an effective and safe method for treating severe or recalcitrant AA.
Explore highly relevant questions in the Baumann skin type questionnaire through the digital skin analyzer: A retrospective single‐center study in South Korea
Authors: Cho Soo Ick , Kim Donghyeon , Lee Hoonjae , Um Terry TaeWoong , Kim Hongseok 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBaumann skin type questionnaire (BSTQ) has been widely used for evaluating skin types in dermatology. However, it requires excessive assessment time and lacks sufficient clinical validation for the Asian population.AimsWe aimed to establish optimized BSTQ based on dermatological assessment of the Asian population.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study, where the patient completed a modified BSTQ and a digital photography examination. The answers to four question groups for evaluating skin properties, including oily versus dry (O‐D), sensitive versus resistant (S‐R), pigmented versus non‐pigmented (P‐N), and wrinkled versus tight (W‐T) were compared with the measurements. Highly relevant questions are selected using two different strategies and used to determine the threshold level, which was compared with skin‐type measurement.ResultsIn O‐D, S‐R, P‐N, and W‐T, 3–5 out of 6, 2–6 out of 9, 3–6 out of 7, and 4–9 out of 11 questions were selected, respectively. As a result, skin type scores from two strategies and measurements showed similar Pearson correlation coefficient values compared to modified BSTQ (for O‐D and sebum, 0.236/0.266 vs. 0.232; for O‐D and porphyrin, 0.230/0.267 vs. 0.230; for S‐R and redness, 0.157/0.175 vs. 0.095; for S‐R and porphyrin, 0.061 vs. 0.051; for P‐N and melanin pigmentation, 0.156/0.208 vs. 0.150; for W‐T and wrinkle, 0.265/0.269 vs. 0.217).ConclusionTwo strategies for optimizing BSTQ are proposed and validated for Asian patients. Compared to the BSTQ, our methods show comparable performance with a significantly reduced number of questions.
Clinical features of cutaneous infantile hemangioma combined with asymptomatic infantile hepatic hemangioma and efficacy of propranolol treatment
Authors: Li Li , Yu Lu , Xu Zigang , Wei Li , Zhang Bin , Han Xiaofeng , Sun Yujuan , Ma Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionInfantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH) is a common liver tumor in infants and shares the same characteristics as cutaneous infantile hemangioma (IH). Propranolol is effective for symptomatic IHH. The clinical features between cutaneous IH and IHH, and treatment efficacy of IHH (smaller than 4 cm) is unclear. To evaluate the correlation of clinical features between cutaneous IH and IHH, as well as efficacy of systemic propranolol in the treatment of cutaneous IH combined with IHH.Materials and MethodsThe clinical data of infants with complicated cutaneous IH combined with IHH treated with systemic propranolol (1.5 ~ 2 mg/(kg d)) from January 2011 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsForty‐five cases with IHH combined with complicated cutaneous IH were reviewed. Single cutaneous IH is more likely to be combined with focal IHH, cutaneous IH greater than 5, more likely to be combined with multiple IHH (Pearson = 0.546, p < 0.01). The mean age of focal and multiple IHH regression was 11.93 ± 14.42 months and 10.20 ± 9.15 months, respectively.ConclusionsThe number of cutaneous IH were correlated with the number of IHH. There was no difference in the age of complete remission for focal and multiple IHH.
Increased soil cadmium concentrations enhanced poplar defence against a leaf pathogenic fungus infection
Authors: Zhao Zhengbao , Zou Li , Zhi Jingzi , Niu Yuzhen , Yan Sheng , Yan Rong , Lin Tiantian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince heavy metals are toxic to herbivores and pathogens, the Elemental defence hypothesis suggested that metals accumulated in plants might serve as defence against herbivores and pathogen attacks. However, several studies have tested this hypothesis with regard to pathogen resistance are limited. Most existing studies used herbaceous species as study model while studies on tree species are still lacking. In this study, we used poplar as a study model, to investigate whether soil treatment with five different cadmium (Cd) concentrations can protect plants from artificial infection of a leaf pathogenic fungus. The results showed that the Cd concentrations accumulated in plant leaves were positively correlated with increasing Cd concentrations amended in the soil while negatively correlated with the disease severity index (DSI) of plants after pathogen infection. Additional partial correlation analysis indicated that the plant DSI was only significantly correlated with Cd concentration accumulated in plant leaves while plant growth parameters and other leaf substances showed no clear correlations. The in vitro toxicity test of fungal mycelium grown on a series of Cd concentrations amended in the artificial medium further showed that the mycelium growth decreased with increasing Cd concentrations contained in the medium, which confirmed the biological toxicity of Cd on this fungus independently of other organic defensive substances present in poplar leaves. In conclusion, our study supported the Elemental defence hypothesis and proved that even a lower accumulation of Cd in poplar plants can provide sufficient protection against leaf pathogen infection.