bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It’s Hip to Go Home: An Evaluation of Outpatient Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients With Cleft Palate
Authors: Mitchell David T. , Obinero Chioma , Ekeoduru Rhashedah A. , Nye Jessica , Green Jackson C. , Talanker Michael , Nguyen Phuong D. , Greives Matthew R. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is a common procedure performed at cleft care centers used to fill the alveolar cleft. The advent of techniques such as minimally invasive trephine drill harvest and placement of continuous-infusion pain pumps at the donor site has made outpatient ABG an increasingly feasible and cost-effective procedure. However, enhanced recovery after surgery protocols to maximize pain control and recovery times for this patient population have not been well established.

Methods:
A retrospective single-institution review was conducted of pediatric patients with cleft palate who underwent iliac crest bone graft ABG at a large urban academic children’s hospital from 2017 to 2022. Patient age, alveolar cleft repair laterality, pain scores, surgery duration, hospital LOS, readmissions, and re-operations within 30 days were examined.

Results:
Fifty-four patients met our inclusion criteria. Fifty patients (92.6%) received a pain pump during the operation. The median duration of surgery and LOS in the post-anesthesia care unit were 1.28 and 1.75 hours, respectively. Fifty-two patients (96.3%) were discharged on the same day as their surgery whereas 2 patients (3.7%) stayed in the hospital overnight. The median pain score at the time of discharge was 0 (interquartile range 0, 0). There were 6 (11.1%) minor complications including 5 pain pump malfunctions and 1 recipient site wound breakdown. There was 1 readmission (1.9%) for development of a surgical site infection at the hip and no re-operations within 30 days of surgery.

Conclusion:
The described outpatient ABG protocol demonstrates effective postoperative pain control, short hospital LOS, and few complications requiring hospital readmission or reoperation.
miR-379-5p inhibition enhances intestinal epithelial proliferation and barrier function recovery after ischemia/reperfusion by targeting EIF4G2
Authors: Jia Zirui , Wang Yuhang , Gao Jiacheng , Zheng Mingcan , Wang Puxu , Zu Guo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Gut barrier dysfunction caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with substantial death and morbidity. In this research, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating intestinal I/R injury was investigated. We used miRNA sequencing to analyze clinical ischemic and normal intestinal samples. Through bioinformatics analysis based on sequencing results, we found that upregulated miRNAs inhibited epithelial barrier function and cell proliferation, with miR-379-5p being the most significantly upregulated in the ischemic intestine. Further studies confirmed the role of miR-379-5p through experiments in the human ischemic intestine, the mouse I/R injury model in vivo, and cell H/R models in vitro. Inhibiting miR-379-5p increased epithelial cell proliferation and improved barrier function after I/R injury. We also identified eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2 (EIF4G2) as a downstream target gene of miR-379-5p through bioinformatics prediction and experimental verification. The findings suggest that inhibiting miR-379-5p could improve intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and barrier function by targeting EIF4G2. The goal of this study was to find a potential target for treating I/R injury in the intestine, as well as to prevent and mitigate the damage caused.
Dexmedetomidine ameliorates acute brain injury induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion via upregulating the HIF-1 pathway
Authors: Yang Xue , Wu Jianjiang , Cheng Hu , Chen Siyu , Wang Jiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveNeurological complications after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury remain high and seriously burden patients and their families. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an α2 agonist, is endowed with analgesic-sedative and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, our study aims to explore the mechanism and effect of Dex on brain damage following myocardial IR injury.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Sham, IR, and IR + Dex groups, and myocardial IR models were established. The impact of Dex on brain injury elicited by myocardial IR was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for inflammatory factors in serum and brain; Evans blue for blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability; Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining for pathological injury in brain; Immunofluorescence for microglia activation in brain; Morris water maze for cognitive dysfunction; Western blot for the expression level of HIF-1α, Occludin, Cleaved caspase-3, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 in brain. In addition, HIF-1α knockout mice were used to verify whether the neuroprotective function of Dex is associated with the HIF-1 pathway.ResultsDex was capable of reducing myocardial IR-induced brain damage including inflammatory factor secretion, BBB disruption, neuronal edema, microglial activation, and acute cognitive dysfunction. However, the protective role of Dex was attenuated in HIF-1α knockout mice.ConclusionsDex protects against myocardial IR-induced brain injury, and the neuroprotection of Dex is at least partially dependent on the activation of the HIF-1 pathway.
Comparison of 2 Immunosuppression Minimization Strategies in Kidney Transplantation: The ALLEGRO Trial
Authors: van den Born Joost C. , Meziyerh Soufian , Vart Priya , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Berger Stefan P. , Florquin Sandrine , de Fijter Johan W. , Gomes-Neto António W. , Idu Mirza M. , Pol Robert A. , Roelen Dave L. , van Sandwijk Marit S. , de Vries Dorottya K. , de Vries Aiko P.J. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Sanders Jan Stephan F. 
Published: August 2023

Background.
Evidence on the optimal maintenance of immunosuppressive regimen in kidney transplantation recipients is limited.

Methods.
The Amsterdam, LEiden, GROningen trial is a randomized, multicenter, investigator-driven, noninferiority, open-label trial in de novo kidney transplant recipients, in which 2 immunosuppression minimization strategies were compared with standard immunosuppression with basiliximab, corticosteroids, tacrolimus, and mycophenolic acid. In the minimization groups, either steroids were withdrawn from day 3, or tacrolimus exposure was reduced from 6 mo after transplantation. The primary endpoint was kidney transplant function at 24 mo.

Results.
A total of 295 participants were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Noninferiority was shown for the primary endpoint; estimated glomerular filtration rate at 24 mo was 45.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the early steroid withdrawal group, 49.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the standard immunosuppression group, and 44.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the tacrolimus minimization group. Participants in the early steroid withdrawal group were significantly more often treated for rejection (P = 0.04). However, in this group, the number of participants with diabetes mellitus during follow-up and total cholesterol at 24 mo were significantly lower.

Conclusions.
Tacrolimus minimization can be considered in kidney transplant recipients who do not have an increased immunological risk. Before withdrawing steroids the risk of rejection should be weighed against the potential metabolic advantages.
BelNet: basis enhanced learning, a mesh-free neural operator
Authors: Zhang Zecheng , Wing Tat Leung , Schaeffer Hayden 
Published: August 2023

Operator learning trains a neural network to map functions to functions. An ideal operator learning framework should be mesh-free in the sense that the training does not require a particular choice of discretization for the input functions, allows for the input and output functions to be on different domains, and is able to have different grids between samples. We propose a mesh-free neural operator for solving parametric partial differential equations. The basis enhanced learning network (BelNet) projects the input function into a latent space and reconstructs the output functions. In particular, we construct part of the network to learn the ‘basis’ functions in the training process. This generalized the networks proposed in Chen & Chen (Chen and Chen 1995
IEEE Trans. Neural Netw.
49
, 911–917. (
doi:10.1109/72.392253
) and
6
, 904–910. (
doi:10.1109/IJCNN.1993.716815
)) to account for differences in input and output meshes. Through several challenging high-contrast and multiscale problems, we show that our approach outperforms other operator learning methods for these tasks and allows for more freedom in the sampling and/or discretization process.
Fractional dosing to improve vaccination coverage, vaccine hesitancy, and cost-effectiveness in Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Yacouba Abdourahamane , Brah Souleymane , Daou Maman , Andia Abdoul-Kader , Ibrahim Alkassoum , Moustapha Lamine Mahaman , Alhousseini Daouda , Doutchi Mahamadou , Guindo Ousmane , Soumana Issaka , Coldiron Matthew E. , Mamadou Saidou , Adehossi Eric , Grais Rebecca F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe major challenges of vaccination programs are notably coverage in the target population, vaccine hesitancy, and cost-effectiveness. A vaccination strategy with fractional doses is a dose-saving strategy to address current vaccine shortages. Herein, we aimed to review the literature on administering fractional vaccine doses in Africa.MethodsA methodical search of PubMed was conducted to identify articles published up till March 31, 2023. Peer-reviewed studies were selected for inclusion if they focused on studies that described the use of fractional doses of vaccines and were conducted in any of the 54 African countries.ResultsFindings from eleven eligible studies were analyzed. Studies were from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda. They covered five vaccines including the yellow fever vaccine (n=3; 27.3%), inactivated poliovirus vaccine (n=3; 27.3%), meningococcal A/C/Y/W135 vaccine (n=2; 18.2%),Haemophilus influenzaetype b vaccine (n=2; 18.2%), and malaria vaccine (n=1; 9.1%). Fractionated doses used most often consist of one-fifth of the standard dose (n=8; 72.7%). Regarding immunogenicity/efficacity, eight of ten studies that addressed immunogenicity suggest that immune responses to the fractional dose vaccines were comparable to that of the standard dose vaccines and resulted in higher antibody titers. Regarding safety, all of the eight studies that addressed the safety of fractional doses in Africa, suggest that safety and tolerability data of fractional dosing were favorable compared to full dose regimen.ConclusionFractional dosing may be considered to address the availability and acceptability of certain vaccines while maintaining protection. This strategy also has the potential advantage of reducing the cost of vaccination programs, vaccine antigen overload, and vaccine side effects.
WITHDRAWN: Influences of Formalin Gas on Gene Expression Level of Tumor Protein TP53 in the Liver and Kidney of the Quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Authors: Albaghdady Eman F. , Al hacham Iman Ibrahim , Baqer kadhim Abdulrazzaq 
Published: August 2023

Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn their manuscript due to [doubt about the validity of the results]. Therefore, the authors do not wish to cite this work as a reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Building the bioeconomy: A targeted assessment approach to identifying biobased technologies, challenges and opportunities in the UK
Authors: Holland Claire , Shapira Philip 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe explore opportunities, challenges, and strategies to translate and responsibly scale innovative biobased technologies to build more sustainable bioeconomies. The pandemic and other recent disruptions have increased exposure to issues of resilience and regional imbalance and raised attention to pathways that could shift production and consumption regimes based more on local biobased resources and dispersed production. The paper reviews potential biobased technologies strategies and then identifies promising and feasible options with a focus on the United Kingdom. Initial landscape and bibliometric analyses identified 50 potential existing and emerging potential biobased technologies. These technologies were assessed for their ability to fulfil requirements related to biobased production, national applicability, and economic, societal, and environmental benefits, leading to identification of 18 promising biobased production technologies. Through further analysis and focus group discussion with industrial, governmental, academic, agricultural, and social stakeholders, three technology clusters were identified for targeted assessment, drawing on cellulose-, lignin-, and seaweed-feedstocks. Case studies for each of these clusters were developed, addressing conversations around sustainable management and the use of biomass feedstocks, and associated environmental, social, and economic challenges. These cases are presented with discussion of insights and implications for policy. The approach presented in the paper is put forward as a scalable assessment method which can be useful in prompting, informing, and advancing discussion and deliberation on opportunities and challenges for biobased transformations.
HDAC6 inhibition as a mechanism to prevent axon degeneration in the mSOD1G93Amouse model of ALS
Authors: Phipps Andrew J , Dwyer Samuel , Collins Jessica M , Kabir Fariha , Atkinson Rachel AK , Chowdhury Md Anisuzzaman , Matthews Lyzette , Dixit Deepika , Terry Rhiannon S , Smith Jason , Gueven Nuri , Bennett William , Cook Anthony L , King Anna E , Perry Sharn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe loss of upper and lower motor neurons, and their axons is central to the loss of motor function and death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Due to the diverse range of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS, there have been difficulties in developing effective therapies for ALS. One dichotomy emerging in the field is that protection of the neuronal cell soma itself does not prevent axonal vulnerability and degeneration, suggesting the need for targeted therapeutics to prevent axon degeneration. Post-translational modifications of protein acetylation can alter the function, stability and half-life of individual proteins, and can be enzymatically modified by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs), which add, or remove acetyl groups, respectively. Maintenance of post-translational microtubule acetylation has been suggested as a potential mechanism to stabilise axons and prevent axonal loss and neurodegeneration in ALS. This study has utilized an orally dosed HDAC6 specific inhibitor, ACY-738, prevent deacetylation and stabilize microtubules in the mSOD1G93Amouse model of ALS. Furthermore, co-treatment with riluzole was performed to determine any effects or drug interactions and potentially enhance preclinical research translation. This study shows ACY-738 treatment increased acetylation of microtubules in the spinal cord of mSOD1G93Amice, reduced lower motor neuron degeneration in the lumbar spinal cord of female mice, ameliorated reduction in peripheral nerve axon puncta size, but did not prevent overt motor function decline. The current study also shows peripheral nerve axon puncta size to be partially restored after treatment with riluzole and highlights the importance of co-treatment to measure the potential effects of therapeutics in ALS.HighlightsACY-738 inhibits HDAC6 and leads to increased microtubule acetylation in spinal cord of mSOD1G93Amice.ACY-738 treatment reduces lower motor neuron degeneration in the lumbar spinal cord of mSOD1G93Amice.ACY-738 treatment restores peripheral nerve axon puncta size of mSOD1G93Amice.ACY-738 treatment does not prevent overt motor function decline mSOD1G93Amice.Riluzole treatment partially restores peripheral nerve axon puncta size in mSOD1G93Amice.
Discovery of 2-amide-3-methylester thiophenes that target SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 and repress coronavirus replication, validating Mac1 as an anti-viral target
Authors: Wazir Sarah , Parviainen Tomi A. O. , Pfannenstiel Jessica J. , Duong Men Thi Hoai , Cluff Daniel , Sowa Sven T. , Galera-Prat Albert , Ferraris Dana , Maksimainen Mirko M. , Fehr Anthony R. , Heiskanen Juha P. , Lehtiö Lari 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has made it clear that further development of antiviral therapies will be needed to combat additional SARS-CoV-2 variants or novel CoVs. Here, we describe small molecule inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mac1, which counters ADP-ribosylation mediated innate immune responses. The compounds inhibiting Mac1 were discovered through high-throughput screening (HTS) using a protein FRET-based competition assay and the best hit compound had an IC50of 14 µM. Three validated HTS hits have the same 2-amide-3-methylester thiophene scaffold and the scaffold was selected for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies through commercial and synthesized analogs. We studied the compound binding mode in detail using X-ray crystallography and this allowed us to focus on specific features of the compound and design analogs. Compound27(MDOLL-0229) had an IC50of 2.1 µM and was generally selective for CoV Mac1 proteins after profiling for activity against a panel of viral and human ADP-ribose binding proteins. The improved potency allowed testing of its effect on virus replication and indeed,27inhibited replication of both MHVa prototype CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, sequencing of a drug-resistant MHV identified mutations in Mac1, further demonstrating the specificity of27.Compound27is the first Mac1 targeted small molecule demonstrated to inhibit coronavirus replication in a cell model. This, together with its well-defined binding mode, makes27a good candidate for further hit/lead-optimization efforts.
Microbiome transfer from native to invasive species may increase invasion risk and shorten invasion lag
Authors: Martignoni Maria M. , Kolodny Oren 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a fast-changing world, understanding how organisms adapt to their environment is a pressing necessity. Research has focused on genetic adaptation, while our understanding of non-genetic modes is still in its infancy. Particularly, the host-associated microbiome may strongly influence an organism’s ability to cope with its environment. The presence of certain microbes in the gut, for example, can facilitate the utilization of dietary resources, provide protection from pathogens, and increase resilience to diverse abiotic conditions. However, the role that the microbiome may play in species’ adaptation to novel challenges is largely unexplored, experimentally as well as theoretically. Here, we study the possibility of such adaptation in invasive species. We present and explore a new hypothesis: Invasive species may rapidly adapt to local conditions by adopting beneficial microbes of similar co-occurring native species. Ironically, due to competition, these native species are also those most likely to suffer from the invaders’ spread. We formulate a mathematical framework to investigate how the transfer of beneficial microbes between a native and an introduced species can alter their competitive dynamics. We suggest that, non-intuitively, the presence of a related native species mayfacilitatethe success of an invasive species’ establishment. This occurs when the invader’s fitness is strongly influenced by adaptation to local conditions that is provided by microbes acquired from the natives’ microbiomes. Further, we show that in such cases a delayed acquisition of native microbes may explain the occurrence of an invasion lag, and we discuss biological systems that could lend themselves for the testing of our hypotheses. Overall, our results contribute to broadening the conceptualization of rapid adaptation via microbiome transfer and offer possible insights for designing early intervention strategies for invasive species management during their lag phase.
Developmental pyrethroid exposure disrupts molecular pathways for MAP kinase and circadian rhythms in mouse brain
Authors: Nguyen Jennifer H. , Curtis Melissa A. , Imami Ali S. , Ryan William G. , Alganem Khaled , Neifer Kari L. , Saferin Nilanjana , Nawor Charlotte N. , Kistler Brian P. , Miller Gary W. , Shukla Rammohan , McCullumsmith Robert E. , Burkett James P. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a category of pervasive disorders of the developing nervous system with few or no recognized biomarkers. A significant portion of the risk for NDDs, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is contributed by the environment, and exposure to pyrethroid pesticides during pregnancy has been identified as a potential risk factor for NDD in the unborn child. We recently showed that low-dose developmental exposure to the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin in mice causes male-biased changes to ADHD- and NDD-relevant behaviors as well as the striatal dopamine system. Here, we used an integrated multiomics approach to determine the broadest possible set of biological changes in the mouse brain caused by developmental pyrethroid exposure (DPE). Using a litter-based, split-sample design, we exposed mouse dams during pregnancy and lactation to deltamethrin (3 mg/kg or vehicle every 3 days) at a concentration well below the EPA-determined benchmark dose used for regulatory guidance. We raised male offspring to adulthood, euthanized them, and pulverized and divided whole brain samples for split-sample transcriptomics, kinomics and multiomics integration. Transcriptome analysis revealed alterations to multiple canonical clock genes, and kinome analysis revealed changes in the activity of multiple kinases involved in synaptic plasticity, including the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase ERK. Multiomics integration revealed a dysregulated protein-protein interaction network containing primary clusters for MAP kinase cascades, regulation of apoptosis, and synaptic function. These results demonstrate that DPE causes a multi-modal biophenotype in the brain relevant to ADHD and identifies new potential mechanisms of action.NEW & NOTEWORTHYHere, we provide the first evidence that low-dose developmental exposure to the pyrethroid pesticide, deltamethrin, results in molecular disruptions in the adult mouse brain in pathways regulating circadian rhythms and neuronal growth (MAP kinase). This same exposure causes a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) relevant behavioral changes in adult mice, making these findings relevant to the prevention of NDDs.