bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time mapping using a 3D convolutional neural network
Authors: Kim Donghoon , Lipford Megan E. , He Hongjian , Ding Qiuping , Ivanovic Vladimir , Lockhart Samuel N. , Craft Suzanne , Whitlow Christopher T. , Jung Youngkyoo 
Published: April 2023

PurposeTo reduce the total scan time of multiple postlabeling delay (multi‐PLD) pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) by developing a hierarchically structured 3D convolutional neural network (H‐CNN) that estimates the arterial transit time (ATT) and cerebral blow flow (CBF) maps from the reduced number of PLDs as well as averages.MethodsA total of 48 subjects (38 females and 10 males), aged 56–80 years, compromising a training group (n = 45) and a validation group (n = 3) underwent MRI including multi‐PLD pCASL. We proposed an H‐CNN to estimate the ATT and CBF maps using a reduced number of PLDs and a separately reduced number of averages. The proposed method was compared with a conventional nonlinear model fitting method using the mean absolute error (MAE).ResultsThe H‐CNN provided the MAEs of 32.69 ms for ATT and 3.32 mL/100 g/min for CBF estimations using a full data set that contains six PLDs and six averages in the 3 test subjects. The H‐CNN also showed that the smaller number of PLDs can be used to estimate both ATT and CBF without significant discrepancy from the reference (MAEs of 231.45 ms for ATT and 9.80 mL/100 g/min for CBF using three of six PLDs).ConclusionThe proposed machine learning–based ATT and CBF mapping offers substantially reduced scan time of multi‐PLD pCASL.
Evaluation of contributors to amide proton transfer–weighted imaging and nuclear Overhauser enhancement–weighted imaging contrast in tumors at a high magnetic field
Authors: Cui Jing , Zhao Yu , Sun Casey , Xu Junzhong , Zu Zhongliang 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe purpose is to evaluate the relative contribution from confounding factors (T1 weighting and magnetization transfer) to the CEST ratio (CESTR)–quantified amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) (−3.5) in tumors as well as whether the CESTR can reflect the distribution of the solute concentration (fs).MethodsWe first provided a signal model that shows the separate dependence of CESTR on these confounding factors and the clean CEST/NOE effects quantified by an apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation (AREX) method. We then measured the change in these effects in the 9‐L tumor model in rats, through which we calculated the relative contribution of each confounding factor. fs was also fitted, and its correlations with the CESTR and AREX were assessed to evaluate their capabilities to reflect fs.ResultsThe CESTR‐quantified APT shows “positive” contrast in tumors, which arises primarily from R1w at low powers and both R1w and magnetization transfer at high powers. CESTR‐quantified NOE (−3.5) shows no or weak contrast in tumors, which is due to the cancelation of R1w and NOE (−3.5), which have opposite contributions. CESTR‐quantified APT has a stronger correlation with APT fs than AREX‐quantified APT. CESTR‐quantified NOE (−3.5) has a weaker correlation with NOE (−3.5) fs than AREX‐quantified NOE (−3.5).ConclusionCESTR reflects a combined effect of T1 weighting and CEST/NOE. Both factors depend on fs, which contributes positively to the dependence of CESTR on fs in APT imaging and enhances its correlation with fs. In contrast, these factors have opposite contributions to its dependence on fs in NOE (−3.5) imaging, thereby weakening the correlation.
Economical preparation of fluorine‐containing thermoplastic elastomer with good phase miscibility and elasticity based on dynamic vulcanization
Authors: Zhao Yongsheng , Xiong Youhao , Yan Haonan , Bi Hongzhe , Qin Jianbin , Shi Xuetao , Zhang Guangcheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThermoplastic elastomers are a green and sustainable category of high performance polymers and show the great advantage of easy processability relative to conventional rubbers. In this work, a fluorine‐containing thermoplastic elastomer was prepared through dynamic crosslinking of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(ethylene−methyl acrylate−glycidyl methacrylate) (PVDF/EGMA) blends with the aid of amino‐terminated crosslinker (KH602). The reaction kinetics of EGMA with KH602 were evaluated by the DSC Kissinger method with an activation energy (Ea) of 103.04 kJ mol−1. The increased ‘S‐type’ torque curve during dynamic crosslinking indicates the occurrence of chemical crosslinking while Fourier transform infrared spectra further demonstrate the dehydrofluorination of PVDF and the reaction between the amino group of KH602 and the epoxy group in EGMA. The prepared PVDF/EGMA (30/70) thermoplastic vulcanizate shows good reprocessability, mechanical robustness and elasticity. With increasing content of crosslinker, the stress at 300% increases from 2.3 MPa to 3.5 MPa while elongation at break decreases from 1150% to 380%. The PVDF/EGMA blend has a typical ‘sea‐island’ morphology with ca 7 μm dispersed phase while PVDF/EGMA thermoplastic vulcanizates have gradually elongated disperse phases due to improved interfacial miscibility as evidenced by quantitative nanomechanical mapping AFM modulus analysis. Therefore, dynamic vulcanization is an effective and economical approach to integrate thermoplasticity and rubber elasticity into plastic/rubber pairs with good phase miscibility. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Tough, self‐healing double network hydrogels crosslinked via multiple dynamic non‐covalent bonds for strain sensor
Authors: Huang Guohui , Wang Pei , Cai Yutian , Jiang Kun , Li Huimin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDouble‐network hydrogels have outstanding mechanical characteristics but mostly suffer from poor self‐healing performance since most hydrogels are chemically crosslinked via covalent links for each network. In this work, a tough and self‐healing double network hydrogel with multiple dynamic non‐covalent bonds is developed by combining the hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HPAM) with a thermally reversible potassium ion crosslinked κ‐carrageenan (K+C) network through a dual physical crosslinked network strategy. Being the multiple dynamic non‐covalent bond interactions and dual physical crosslink networks, the K+C/HPAM DN hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical characteristics (tensile strength: 1.86 MPa, tensile strain: 1637%) and good self‐healing ability (maximum stress self‐healing efficiency: 87%, maximum tensile strength after self‐healing: 0.95 MPa). Due to the three‐dimensional pore structure and the conductive ions in the system, the K+C/HPAM DN hydrogel also achieves good strain sensing capabilities with a strain sensitivity of 2.98 (gauge factor, GF) in the 100% strain range. Even after being cut and self‐healed, the gel still exhibits good strain sensing capabilities (GF = 2.79), which is still better than the most similar DN hydrogel strain sensors in sensitivity. We believe this work offers a new material for self‐healing flexible strain sensors.
ARD‐VO: Agricultural robot data set of vineyards and olive groves
Authors: Crocetti Francesco , Bellocchio Enrico , Dionigi Alberto , Felicioni Simone , Costante Gabriele , Fravolini Mario L. , Valigi Paolo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe availability of real‐world data in agricultural applications is of paramount importance to develop robust and effective robotic‐based solutions for farming operations. In this application context, however, very few data sets are available to the community and for some important crops, such as grapes and olives, they are almost absent. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to introduce and release ARD‐VO, a data set for agricultural robotics applications focused on vineyards and olive cultivations. Its main purpose is to provide the researchers with a real‐world extensive set of data to support the development of solutions and algorithms for precision farming technologies in the aforementioned crops. ARD‐VO has been collected with an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) equipped with different heterogeneous sensors that capture information essential for robot localization and plant monitoring tasks. It is composed of sequences gathered in 11 experimental sessions between August and October 2021, navigating the UGV for several kilometers in four cultivation fields in Umbria, a central region of Italy. In addition, to highlight the utility of ARD‐VO, two application case studies are presented. In the first one, the data set is used to compare the performance of simultaneous localization and mapping and odometry estimation methods using vision systems, light detection and ranging, and inertial measurement unit sensors. The second one shows how the multispectral images included in ARD‐VO can be used to compute Normalized Difference Vegetation Index maps, which are crucial to monitor the crops and build prescription maps.
Sustainable developments, renewable energy, and economic growth in Canada
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Mamon Rogemar , Spagnolo Fabio , Spagnolo Nicola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe object of this paper is to investigate the dynamic causal relationship between economic growth and renewable energy in Canada. The causal relationship is examined under the neoclassical production function framework. We employed a panel autoregressive distributed lag model controlling for different states of the economy by incorporating a dummy variable, which indicates the economic peak and trough. The data set consists of annual real GDP, capital formation, labor, and electricity generation by renewables for nine Canadian provinces covering from 1981 to 2015. The empirical results find that there is a unidirectional causality from renewable energy to economic growth in the long run. In the short run, a unidirectional causality going from renewable energy to economic growth only during the expansion period is observed. Our study suggests that renewable energy policies should be designed and implemented in a way that takes into account the nonlinear relationship between renewable energy and economic growth. This could involve promoting the development and deployment of renewable energy sources as part of their economic stimulus packages during economic upturns.
Facile Synthesis of SiOx/C Composite with Homogeneous Distribution of SiOx and Carbon as Anodes for Superior Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ling Yang , Peng Yan , Guan Shiyou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSiOx/C composites with uniform distribution of silicon oxide (SiOx) and carbon are promising anodes for lithium‐ion batteries. However, designing the SiOx/C composites with uniformly dispersed of carbon at nanoscale and controllable carbon content is still a challenge. Herein, a series of SiOx/C composites with uniform carbon distribution were prepared by sol‐gel method and subsequent pyrolysis process, the carbon content can be easily adjusted just by selecting different organosilanes. Due to the uniformly dispersed of carbon at nanoscale, the obtained products showed the excellent energy storage performance. Particularly, when Bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene (BTEB) was used as the raw materials, due to the appropriate carbon content, the SiOx/C−B exhibited a high reversible capacity of 535 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 over 100 cycles. The cycle stability is preserved even after 300 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1, where the electrodes still supply a specific capacity of 389.7 mAh g−1.
Improved Stability of CsBi3I10 Based Pb‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Kumar Praveen , Quasim Khan Mohammad , Alsulmi Ali , Kim Haekyoung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the past few years, lead (Pb2+)‐free perovskite or perovskite‐like materials, in particular bismuth (Bi) based perovskite‐like materials have attracted scientific community because of their excellent aerobic stability, and excellent optoelectronic characteristics. Cesium bismuth iodide (CsBi3I10) is all‐inorganic perovskite‐like material which has low band‐gap (∼1.88 eV) and excellent aerobic stability. In present work, we demonstrated the fabrication of CsBi3I10 based Pb‐free perovskite solar cells (LF‐PSCs) with three different hole‐transport materials (HTM). Spiro‐OMeTAD was found to be more suitable HTM for the fabrication of LF‐PSCs compared to the PTAA or P3HT HTM layers. Further, graphene oxide (GO) was incorporated with spiro‐OMeTAD to enhance the long‐term moisture‐induced stability of the fabricated LF‐PSCs. The best performing LF‐PSCs device exhibited good efficiency of 1.09 % with excellent stability up to 1000 h.
LSPR‐Based Biosensing Enables the Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
Authors: Kastner Stephan , Dietel Anne‐Kathrin , Seier Florian , Ghosh Shaunak , Weiß Daniel , Makarewicz Oliwia , Csáki Andrea , Fritzsche Wolfgang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of rapid, simple, and accurate bioassays for the detection of nucleic acids has received increasing demand in recent years. Here, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy for the detection of an antimicrobial resistance gene, sulfhydryl variable β‐lactamase (blaSHV), which confers resistance against a broad spectrum of β‐lactam antibiotics is used. By performing limit of detection experiments, a 23 nucleotide (nt) long deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence down to 25 nm was detected, whereby the signal intensity is inversely correlated with sequence length (23, 43, 63, and 100 nt). In addition to endpoint measurements of hybridization events, the setup also allowed to monitor the hybridization events in real‐time, and consequently enabled to extract kinetic parameters of the studied binding reaction. Performing LSPR measurements using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants of blaSHV revealed that these sequences can be distinguished from the fully complementary sequence. The possibility to distinguish such sequences is of utmost importance in clinical environments, as it allows to identify mutations essential for enzyme function and thus, is crucial for the correct treatment with antibiotics. Taken together, this system provides a robust, label‐free, and cost‐efficient analytical tool for the detection of nucleic acids and will enable the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance determinants.
Carbon Nitride Loaded with an Ultrafine, Monodisperse, Metallic Platinum‐Cluster Cocatalyst for the Photocatalytic Hydrogen‐Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yazaki Daichi , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Hirayama Daisuke , Kawachi Masanobu , Kato Kosaku , Oguchi Sota , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Kikkawa Soichi , Ueki Yoshiya , Hossain Sakiat , Osborn D. J. , Ozaki Fumihiko , Tanaka Shunsuke , Yoshinobu Jun , Metha Gregory F. , Yamazoe Seiji , Kudo Akihiko , Yamakata Akira , Negishi Yuichi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor the realization of a next‐generation energy society, further improvement in the activity of water‐splitting photocatalysts is essential. Platinum (Pt) is predicted to be the most effective cocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from water. However, when the number of active sites is increased by decreasing the particle size, the Pt cocatalyst is easily oxidized and thereby loses its activity. In this study, a method to load ultrafine, monodisperse, metallic Pt nanoclusters (NCs) on graphitic carbon nitride is developed, which is a promising visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst. In this photocatalyst, a part of the surface of the Pt NCs is protected by sulfur atoms, preventing oxidation. Consequently, the hydrogen‐evolution activity per loading weight of Pt cocatalyst is significantly improved, 53 times, compared with that of a Pt‐cocatalyst loaded photocatalyst by the conventional method. The developed method is also effective to enhance the overall water‐splitting activity of other advanced photocatalysts such as SrTiO3 and BaLa4Ti4O15.
A Highly Reliable Molybdenum Disulfide‐Based Synaptic Memristor Using a Copper Migration‐Controlled Structure
Authors: Ahn Wonbae , Jeong Han Beom , Oh Jungyeop , Hong Woonggi , Cha Jun‐Hwe , Jeong Hu Young , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMemristors are drawing attention as neuromorphic hardware components because of their non‐volatility and analog programmability. In particular, electrochemical metallization (ECM) memristors are extensively researched because of their linear conductance controllability. Two‐dimensional materials as switching medium of ECM memristors give advantages of fast speed, low power consumption, and high switching uniformity. However, the multistate retention in the switching conductance range for the long‐term reliable neuromorphic system has not been achieved using two‐dimensional materials‐based ECM memristors. In this study, the copper migration‐controlled ECM memristor showing excellent multistate retention characteristics in the switching conductance range using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is proposed. The fabricated device exhibits gradual resistive switching with low switching voltage (<0.5 V), uniform switching (σ/µ ∼ 0.07), and a wide switching range (>12). Importantly, excellent reliabilities with robustness to cycling stress and retention over 104 s for more than 5‐bit states in the switching conductance range are achieved. Moreover, the contribution of the Al2O3 layer to the retention characteristic is investigated through filament morphology observation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and copper migration component analysis. This study provides a practical approach to developing highly reliable memristors with exceptional switching performance.
A High‐Energy Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Tomato‐Leaf‐Derived Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon and Electrochemically Deposited Polyaniline Electrodes for Battery‐Free Heart‐Pulse‐Rate Monitoring
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdul , Shah Syed Shaheen , Mahnashi Yaqub Alhussain , Mahfoz Wael , Alzahrani Atif Saeed , Hakeem Abbas Saeed , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA simple and scalable method to fabricate a novel high‐energy asymmetric supercapacitor using tomato‐leaf‐derived hierarchical porous activated carbon (TAC) and electrochemically deposited polyaniline (PANI) for a battery‐free heart‐pulse‐rate monitor is reported. In this study, TAC is prepared by simple pyrolysis, exhibiting nanosheet‐type morphology and a high specific surface area of ≈1440 m2g−1, and PANI is electrochemically deposited onto carbon cloth. The TAC‐ and PANI‐ based asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates an electrochemical performance superior to that of symmetric supercapacitors, delivering a high specific capacitance of 248 mF cm−2at a current density of 1.0 mA cm−2. The developed asymmetric supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 270 µWh cm−2at a power density of 1400 µW cm−2, as well as an excellent cyclic stability of ≈95% capacitance retention after 10 000 charging–discharging cycles while maintaining ≈98% Coulombic efficiency. Impressively, the series‐connected asymmetric supercapacitors can operate a battery‐free heart‐pulse‐rate monitor extremely efficiently upon solar‐panel charging under regular laboratory illumination.
Identifying the Structure of Supported Metal Catalysts Using Vibrational Fingerprints from Ab Initio Nanoscale Models
Authors: Salcedo Agustin , Zengel Deniz , Maurer Florian , Casapu Maria , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Michel Carine , Loffreda David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIdentifying active sites of supported noble metal nanocatalysts remains challenging, since their size and shape undergo changes depending on the support, temperature, and gas mixture composition. Herein, the anharmonic infrared spectrum of adsorbed CO is simulated using density functional theory (DFT) to gain insight into the nature of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ceria. The authors systematically determine how the simulated infrared spectra are affected by CO coverage, NP size (0.5–1.5 nm), NP morphology (octahedral, icosahedral), and metal‐support contact angle, by exploring a diversity of realistic models inspired by ab initio molecular dynamics. The simulated spectra are then used as a spectroscopic fingerprint to characterize nanoparticles in a real catalyst, by comparison with in‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments. Truncated octahedral NPs with an acute Pd‐ceria angle reproduce most of the measurements. In particular, the authors isolate features characteristic of CO adsorbed at the metal‐support interface appearing at low frequencies, both seen in simulation and experiment. This work illustrates the strong need for realistic models to provide a robust description of the active sites, especially at the interface of supported metal nanocatalysts, which can be highly dynamic and evolve considerably during reaction.
Composite Solid Electrolyte with Continuous and Fast Organic–Inorganic Ion Transport Highways Created by 3D Crimped Nanofibers@functional Ceramic Nanowires
Authors: Yang Qi , Li Geng , Shi Dongjie , Gao Lu , Deng Nanping , Kang Weimin , Cheng Bowen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 3D crimped sulfonated polyethersulfone‐polyethylene oxide(C‐SPES/PEO) nanofiber membrane and long‐range lanthanum cobaltate(LaCoO3) nanowires are collectively doped into a PEO matrix to acquire a composite solid electrolyte (C‐SPES‐PEO‐LaCoO3) for all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs). The 3D crimped structure enables the fiber membrane to have a large porosity of 90%. Therefore, under the premise of strongly guaranteeing the mechanical properties of C‐SPES‐PEO‐LaCoO3, the ceramic nanowires conveniently penetrated into the 3D crimped SPES nanofiber without being blocked, which can facilitate fast ionic conductivity by forming 3D continuous organic–inorganic ion transport pathways. The as‐prepared electrolyte delivers an excellent ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the LaCoO3 nanowires and 3D crimped C‐SPES/PEO fibers contribute to Li+ movement. Particularly, the LiFePO4/C‐SPES‐PEO‐LaCoO3 /Li and NMC811/C‐SPES‐PEO‐LaCoO3/Li pouch cell have a high initial discharge specific capacity of 156.8 mAh g−1 and a maximum value of 176.7 mAh g−1, respectively. In addition, the universality of the penetration of C‐SPES/PEO nanofibers to functional ceramic nanowires is also reflected by the stable cycling performance of ASSLMBs based on the electrolytes, in which the LaCoO3 nanowires are replaced with Gd‐doped CeO2 nanowires. The work will provide a novel approach to high performance solid‐state electrolytes.
2D Layered Materials for Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Yang Yaxiong , Dong Ruige , Cheng Hao , Wang Linlin , Tu Jibing , Zhang Shichao , Zhao Sihan , Zhang Bing , Pan Hongge , Lu Yingying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of electric vehicles has received worldwide attention in the background of reducing carbon emissions, wherein lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) become the primary energy supply systems. However, commercial graphite‐based anodes in LIBs currently confront significant difficulty in enduring ultrahigh power input due to the slow Li+ transport rate and the low intercalation potential. This will, in turn, cause dramatic capacity decay and lithium plating. The 2D layered materials (2DLMs) recently emerge as new fast‐charging anodes and hold huge promise for resolving the problems owing to the synergistic effect of a lower Li+ diffusion barrier, a proper Li+ intercalation potential, and a higher theoretical specific capacity with using them. In this review, the background and fundamentals of fast‐charging for LIBs are first introduced. Then the research progress recently made for 2DLMs used for fast‐charging anodes are elaborated and discussed. Some emerging research directions in this field with a short outlook on future studies are further discussed.