bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and inverse theorems of approximation theory in Banach function spaces
Authors: Vinogradov O. 
Published: January 2025

The paper deals with approximation of functions defined on

R

\mathbb {R}

in spaces that are not translation invariant. The spaces under consideration are Banach function spaces in which Steklov averaging operators are uniformly bounded. It is proved that operators of convolution with a kernel whose bell shaped majorant is integrable are bounded in these spaces. With the help of convolution operators, direct and inverse theorems of the theory of approximation by trigonometric polynomials and entire functions of exponential type are established. As structural characteristics, the powers of deviations of Steklov averages are used, including nonintegral powers. Theorems for periodic and nonperiodic functions are obtained in a unified way. The results of the paper generalize and refine a lot of known theorems on approximation in specific spaces such as weighted spaces, Lebesgue variable exponent spaces and others.
On infinitely generated homology of Torelli groups
Authors: Gaifullin A. 
Published: January 2025

Let

I

g

\mathcal {I}_g

be the Torelli group of an oriented closed surface

S
g

S_g

of genus

g
g

, that is, the kernel of the action of the mapping class group on the first integral homology group of

S
g

S_g

. It is proved that the

k
k

th integral homology group of

I

g

\mathcal {I}_g

contains a free Abelian subgroup of infinite rank, provided that

g
≥
3

g\ge 3

and

2
g
−
3
≤
k
≤
3
g
−
6

2g-3\le k\le 3g-6

. Earlier the same property was known only for

k
=
3
g
−
5

k=3g-5

(Bestvina, Bux, Margalit, 2007) and in the special case where

g
=
k
=
3

g=k=3

(Johnson, Millson, 1992). It is also proved that the hyperelliptic involution acts on the constructed infinite system of linearly independent homology classes in

H

k

(

I

g

;

Z

)

\mathrm {H}_k(\mathcal {I}_g;\mathbb {Z})

as multiplication by

−
1

-1

, provided that

k
+
g

k+g

is even. This solves negatively a problem by Hain. For

k
=
2
g
−
3

k=2g-3

, it is shown that the group

H

2
g
−
3

(

I

g

;

Z

)

\mathrm {H}_{2g-3}(\mathcal {I}_g;\mathbb {Z})

contains a free Abelian subgroup of infinite rank generated by Abelian cycles and an infinite system of Abelian cycles generating such a subgroup is constructed explicitely. As a consequence of our results, it is shown that an Eilenberg–MacLane CW complex of type

K
(

I

g

,
1
)

K(\mathcal {I}_g,1)

cannot have a finite

(
2
g
−
3
)

(2g-3)

-skeleton. The proofs are based on the study of the spectral sequence for the action of

I

g

\mathcal {I}_g

on the complex of cycles constructed by Bestvina, Bux, and Margalit.
Inequalities for mixed means
Authors: Khrabrov A. 
Published: January 2025

The relation

M

p

∘

M

q

(
x
)
≤

M

q

∘

M

p

(
x
)

\mathcal {M}_p\circ \mathcal {M}_q(x)\leq \mathcal {M}_q\circ \mathcal {M}_p(x)

between mixed power means for absolutely continuous measures (with respect to Lebesgue measure) is proved along with several other inequalities for mixed means. Equality cases and discrete analogs are studied.
Nighttime Systolic Blood Pressure a Major Factor of Retinal Vascular Caliber Changes in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nikolaidou Barbara , Triantafyllou Areti , Anyfanti Panagiota , Gavriilaki Eleni , Lazaridis Antonios , Dolgyras Panagiotis , Gavriilaki Maria , Stoimeni Anastasia , Mastrogiannis Konstantinos , Trakatelli Christina , Doumas Michael , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Changes in retinal vessel caliber are crucial for detecting early retinopathy, a significant cause of blindness in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (T2DM). This study aims to evaluate the changes in retinal vessel caliber and identify factors associated with these changes in recently diagnosed T2DM patients.

METHODS
The study included newly diagnosed T2DM patients (within 6 months of diagnosis) who were free of antidiabetic treatment (except metformin) and matched individuals based on age and blood pressure (BP). Data collected included somatometric measurements, BP (office and 24-h), hematological data, albuminuria (via 24-h urine collections), ten-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (ASCVD score), endothelial dysfunction (measured by Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, ADMA), retinal microvascular changes, assessed as central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) using specialized software on nonmydriatic fundus photographs.

RESULTS
The study involved 87 T2DM patients and 90 controls, aged 57±11 years. Key findings include no significant differences in CRAE, CRVE, and AVR between T2DM patients and controls. Age (P=0.019) and nighttime systolic BP (SBP) (P=0.002) were independent predictors of AVR. CRAE was independently associated with nighttime SBP (P=0.048). CRVE was independently associated with age (P=0.016), dipping (P=0.002), and smoking (P=0.018). In normotensive subjects, AVR was significantly lower in T2DM patients (P=0.035).

CONCLUSIONS
The study concludes that increased nighttime SBP is a more critical factor than hyperglycemia in affecting retinal vascular caliber changes in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. This highlights the importance of managing nocturnal hypertension to prevent retinal damage in this patient population.
PPIXpress and PPICompare webservers infer condition-specific and differential PPI networks
Authors: Do Hoang Thu Trang , Thangamurugan Sudharshini , Helms Volkhard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Summary
We present PPIXpress and PPICompare as two webservers that enable analysis of protein–protein interaction networks (PPINs). Given a reference PPIN and user-uploaded expression data from one or multiple samples, PPIXpress constructs context-dependent PPINs based on major transcripts and high-confidence domain interactions data. To derive a differential PPIN that distinguishes two groups of contextualized PPINs, PPICompare identifies statistically significant altered interactions between multiple context-dependent PPINs from PPIXpress. We present a case study where PPIXpress and PPICompare webservers were used in combination to construct the PPINs specific for melanocytic nevi and primary melanoma cells, and to detect the rewired protein interactions between these two sample types.

Availability and implementation
PPIXpress and PPICompare webservers are available at https://service.bioinformatik.uni-saarland.de/ppi-webserver/index_PPIXpress.jsp and https://service.bioinformatik.uni-saarland.de/ppi-webserver/index_PPICompare.jsp, respectively. Alternatively, the webservers and application updates can be found at https://service.bioinformatik.uni-saarland.de/ppi-webserver/.
A semi-supervised fracture-attention model for segmenting tubular objects with improved topological connectivity
Authors: Zhou Yanfeng , Zhong Liqun , Wang Zichen , Ge Yang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Motivation
Ensuring connectivity and preventing fractures in tubular object segmentation are critical for downstream analyses. Despite advancements in deep neural networks that have significantly improved tubular object segmentation, existing methods still face limitations. They often rely heavily on precise annotations, hindering their scalability to large-scale unlabeled image datasets. Additionally, current evaluation metrics are insufficient for effectively capturing segmentation fractures.

Results
To address these challenges, we propose a semi-supervised fracture-attention model (SSFA) for tubular object segmentation. SSFA enhances connectivity, reduces fractures, and maintains volumetric accuracy. It outperforms state-of-the-art models in topological performance. Extensive experiments on four public datasets validate the effectiveness of SSFA. Furthermore, we introduce a novel evaluation metric, the fracture rate, which provides an intuitive and quantitative assessment of segmentation fractures.

Availability and implementation
Our source code is available at http://github.com/Yanfeng-Zhou/SSFA.
A cost-effective and scalable approach for DNA extraction from FFPE tissues
Authors: Geisenberger Christoph , Chimal Edgar , Jurmeister Philipp , Klauschen Frederick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Genomic profiling of cancer plays an increasingly vital role for diagnosis and therapy planning. In addition, research of novel diagnostic applications such as DNA methylation profiling requires large training and validation cohorts. Currently, most diagnostic cases processed in pathology departments are stored as formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue blocks (FFPE). Consequently, there is a growing demand for high-throughput extraction of nucleic acids from FFPE tissue samples. While proprietary kits are available, they are expensive and offer little flexibility. Here, we present ht-HiTE, a high-throughput implementation of a recently published and highly efficient DNA extraction protocol. This approach enables manual and automated processing of 96-well plates with a liquid handler, offers two options for purification and utilizes off-the-shelf reagents. Finally, we show that NGS and DNA methylation microarray data obtained from DNA processed with ht-HiTE are of equivalent quality as compared to a manual, kit-based approach.
Development of novel patient-reported outcome instruments to assess atopic dermatitis-associated dyspigmentation and xerosis in patients with skin of colour
Authors: Hartford Christopher , Alexis Andrew , Wang Zhixiao , Levit Noah A , Banderas Benjamin , Yaworsky Andrew , Love Emily , Shumel Brad , Bégo-Le-Bagousse Gaëlle , Rofail Diana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The prevalence and burden of atopic dermatitis (AD) are disproportionately high in people with skin of colour. Previous research has shown that the risk of xerosis and/or dyspigmentation is heightened in this population and may be more bothersome. However, no patient-reported instruments have been developed specifically for these disease sequelae in patients with skin of colour.

Objectives
To develop and perform content validation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires to assess AD-related xerosis and dyspigmentation in patients with skin of colour.

Methods
A targeted literature review was conducted to understand and identify AD-related disease sequelae and quality-of-life impacts relevant to patients with skin of colour and any instruments used to assess AD in the target population. Two draft PRO questionnaires assessing xerosis (X-AD) and dyspigmentation (D-AD) were developed and refined following advice meetings with three clinical experts. Questionnaire content validity was explored during hybrid concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews with 15 adult and adolescent patients with skin of colour who have moderate-to-severe AD.

Results
Ten concept-focused articles, 3 websites, 17 labels, 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration compendium and 1 clinical trial confirmed that xerosis and dyspigmentation are important AD-related disease sequelae. Patients with skin of colour [47% girls/women; mean (SD) age 33.3 (21.2) years] reported that the questionnaires were relevant to their AD experience in an appropriate recall timeframe and were readily understood, and that meaningful responses were easy to select. The final X-AD consisted of one 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) assessing xerosis severity and two items assessing the level of bother associated with xerosis appearance and feeling over the past week (0–4 verbal rating scale). The final D-AD consisted of two 11-point NRS items assessing dyspigmentation severity and two items assessing the level of bother associated with how dyspigmentation looked over the past week.

Conclusions
The X-AD/D-AD questionnaires were well understood and effective in capturing the experiences of xerosis and dyspigmentation in the target population in an appropriate and comprehensive way. This study supports the initial development of the questionnaires in accordance with regulatory guidelines and best practices; however, psychometric validation is required to evaluate the properties of each questionnaire and develop score interpretation guidelines.
Insights into radiation property prediction for numerical simulation of pulverized coal/biomass oxy-fuel combustion
Authors: Yan Linbo , Liu Yang , Li Kexin , Geng Cong , He Boshu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The radiation property of flue gas in pulverized coal/biomass oxyfuel combustion distinguishes obviously from that in air combustion. Moreover, the particle emissivity and scattering factor can vary during its thermal conversion. Both phenomena challenge the accurate prediction of radiative heat transfer in coal/biomass oxyfuel combustion. As one solution to surmount this challenge, a new efficient exponential wide band model + particle radiation property model is proposed in this work. For validation, the proposed model is compared with other parallel models and their predictions are compared against experimental data. It is found that the efficient exponential wide band model + particle radiation property model can give reliable prediction at different operating conditions. The maximum relative errors between the prediction and the experimental surface incident radiation are within 7% at the burner outlet and 2.5% at the peak point. Moreover, the iteration time consumptions are 0.55s and 0.87s for the 0.5 MW case, and 35.45 s and 35.66 s for the 600 MW case with the parallel radiation model and the proposed model. After validation, the feasibility and characteristic of the coal/biomass oxyfuel co-combustion process in a 600 MW tangentially fired boiler is predicted. It is found that the boiler can run stably and the CO2 mass fraction in the discharged flue gas can be around 90%
Association between haemolysis markers and neuron-specific enolase in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock patients supported with a microaxial flow pump
Authors: Alaoui-Ismaili Zakaria , Klein Anika , Josiassen Jakob , Helgestad Ole Kristian Lerche , Korsholm Jeppesen Karoline , Berg Ravn Hanne , Kjærgaard Jesper , Hassager Christian , Møller Jacob Eifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS) is frequently preceded by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), with risk of anoxic brain injury. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is central to neuroprognostication; however, concomitant haemolysis can increase NSE independent of neuronal injury due to the presence of NSE in erythrocytes. This consideration is critical in AMICS patients treated with a microaxial flow pump (Impella, Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA), where haemolysis is frequent.

Methods and results
We identified consecutive AMICS patients receiving microaxial flow pump support ≥6 h from 2014 to 2022 in a tertiary Danish heart centre. Peak NSE and haemolysis biomarkers within 72 h following microaxial flow pump placement were used for analysis. Haemolysis was defined as plasma-free haemoglobin levels &gt;31.5 µmol/L within 72 h from device placement. The population was stratified according to the presence or absence of haemolysis. The final study population comprised 44 patients with eligible NSE and haemolysis biomarkers. The median NSE was 85 µg/L. Patients with haemolysis had significantly higher NSE levels than those without (115 vs. 69 µg/L, P = 0.018). Neuron-specific enolase levels were similar between OHCA and non-OHCA patients. No significant difference in death from anoxic brain injury was observed between patients with NSE levels above and below 60 µg/L. Neuron-specific enolase revealed a significantly moderate correlation with all investigated haemolysis markers.

Conclusion
Neuron-specific enolase was associated with haemolysis, and not anoxic brain injury, in AMICS patients supported with a microaxial flow pump.
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a paradigm for advancing precision medicine
Authors: Gonzalez-Lopez Esther , Maurer Mathew S , Garcia-Pavia Pablo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Development of specific therapies addressing the underlying diseases’ mechanisms constitutes the basis of precision medicine. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CM) is an exemplar of precise therapeutic approach in the field of heart failure and cardiomyopathies. A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, more precise data of its epidemiology, and advances in imaging techniques that allow non-invasive diagnosis have fostered the development of new and very effective specific therapies for ATTR-CM. Therapeutic advances have revolutionized the field, transforming a rare, devastating, and untreatable disease into a more common disease with several therapeutic alternatives available. Three main types of therapies (stabilizers, suppressors, and degraders) that act at different points of the amyloidogenic cascade have been developed or are currently under investigation. In this review, the key advances in pathophysiology and epidemiology that have occurred in the last decades along with the different therapeutic alternatives available or under development for ATTR-CM are described, illustrating the role of precision medicine applied to cardiovascular disorders. Pending questions that would need to be answered in upcoming years are also reviewed.
Coronary atherosclerosis in athletes: emerging concepts and preventive strategies
Authors: Claessen Guido , Eijsvogels Thijs M H , Albert Christine M , Baggish Aaron L , Levine Benjamin D , Marijon Eloi , Michos Erin D , La Gerche Andre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There should be no assumption that an athlete is immune to coronary artery disease (CAD), even when traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors appear well-managed. Excelling in certain aspects of health does not equate to total CV protection. Recent data from cardiac imaging studies have raised the possibility that long-term, high-volume, high-intensity endurance exercise is associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Whilst the risk of CV events has not been shown to rise with athletic activity, the potential for CAD should not be overlooked as it is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes &gt;35 years of age (i.e. ‘Masters athletes’). Evaluating both traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CAD is the most important part of pre-participation evaluation in Masters athletes. When managing athletes at risk of CAD it is important to adopt a shared decision-making approach regarding lifestyle adaptation and lipid-lowering treatments. In the great majority of athletes, after excluding the presence of symptoms and inducible ischaemia, this advice should include encouragement to continue exercising as available data indicate that higher levels of fitness are associated with a markedly attenuated incidence of coronary events regardless of the severity of coronary disease. Future research is needed to establish the relationship between clinically relevant CAD outcomes and coronary artery calcification in Masters Athletes, the role of sex, as well as exploration of the mechanisms underpinning these unexpected CV adaptations.
In vitro evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria commensals and derived mutation population dynamics in natural Neisseria populations
Authors: Robinson Leah R , McDevitt Caroline J , Regan Molly R , Quail Sophie L , Wadsworth Crista B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Commensal Neisseria are members of a healthy human oropharyngeal microbiome; however, they also serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance for their pathogenic relatives. Despite their known importance as sources of novel genetic variation for pathogens, we still do not understand the full suite of resistance mutations commensal species can harbor. Here, we use in vitro selection to assess the mutations that emerge in response to ciprofloxacin selection in commensal Neisseria by passaging four replicates of four different species in the presence of a selective antibiotic gradient for 20 days; then categorized derived mutations with whole genome sequencing. Ten out of sixteen selected cells lines across the four species evolved ciprofloxacin resistance (≥1 ug/ml); with resistance-contributing mutations primarily emerging in DNA gyrase subunit A and B (gyrA and gyrB), topoisomerase IV subunits C and E (parC and parE), and the multiple transferable efflux pump repressor (mtrR). Of note, these derived mutations appeared in the same loci responsible for ciprofloxacin-reduced susceptibility in the pathogenic Neisseria, suggesting conserved mechanisms of resistance across the genus. Additionally, we tested for zoliflodacin cross-resistance in evolved strain lines and found 6 lineages with elevated zoliflodacin minimum inhibitory concentrations. Finally, to interrogate the likelihood of experimentally derived mutations emerging and contributing to resistance in natural Neisseria, we used a population-based approach and identified GyrA 91I as a substitution circulating within commensal Neisseria populations and ParC 85C in a single gonococcal isolate. A small cluster of gonococcal isolates shared commensal alleles at parE, suggesting recent cross-species recombination events.
Msh2-Msh3 DNA-binding is not sufficient to promote trinucleotide repeat expansions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Casazza Katherine M , Williams Gregory M , Johengen Lauren , Twoey Gavin , Surtees Jennifer A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved DNA repair pathway that recognizes mispairs that occur spontaneously during DNA replication and coordinates their repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Msh2-Msh3 and Msh2-Msh6 initiate MMR by recognizing and binding insertion or deletion (in/del) loops up to ∼17 nucleotides (nt.) and base–base mispairs, respectively; the 2 complexes have overlapping specificity for small (1–2 nt.) in/dels. The DNA-binding specificity for the 2 complexes resides in their respective mispair binding domains (MBDs) and has distinct DNA-binding modes. Msh2-Msh3 also plays a role in promoting CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions, which underlie many neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1. Models for Msh2-Msh3's role in promoting TNR tract expansion have invoked its specific DNA-binding activity and predict that the TNR structure alters its DNA binding and downstream activities to block repair. Using a chimeric Msh complex that replaces the MBD of Msh6 with the Msh3 MBD, we demonstrate that Msh2-Msh3 DNA-binding activity is not sufficient to promote TNR expansions. We propose a model for Msh2-Msh3-mediated TNR expansions that requires a fully functional Msh2-Msh3 including DNA binding, coordinated ATP binding, and hydrolysis activities and interactions with Mlh complexes that are analogous to those required for MMR.