bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphate rebinding induces force reversal via slow backward cycling of cross-bridges
Authors: Stehle Robert 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivePrevious studies on muscle fibers, myofibrils, and myosin revealed that the release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and the force-generating step(s) are reversible, with cross-bridges also cycling backward through these steps by reversing force-generating steps and rebinding Pi. The aim was to explore the significance of force redevelopment kinetics (rate constant kTR) in cardiac myofibrils for the coupling between the Pi binding induced force reversal and the rate-limiting transition f– for backward cycling of cross-bridges from force-generating to non-force-generating states.MethodskTR and force generation of cardiac myofibrils from guinea pigs were investigated at 0.015–20 mM Pi. The observed force-[Pi], force-log [Pi], kTR-[Pi], and kTR-force relations were assessed with various single-pathway models of the cross-bridge cycle that differed in sequence and kinetics of reversible Pi release, reversible force-generating step and reversible rate-limiting transition. Based on the interpretation that kTR reflects the sum of rate-limiting transitions in the cross-bridge cycle, an indicator, the coupling strength, was defined to quantify the contribution of Pi binding induced force reversal to the rate-limiting transition f– from the [Pi]-modulated kTR-force relation.ResultsIncreasing [Pi] decreased force by a bi-linear force-log [Pi] relation, increased kTR in a slightly downward curved dependence with [Pi], and altered kTR almost reciprocally to force reflected by the kTR-force relation. Force-[Pi] and force-log [Pi] relations provided less selectivity for the exclusion of models than the kTR-[Pi] and kTR-force relations. The kTR-force relation observed in experiments with cardiac myofibrils yielded the coupling strength +0.84 ± 0.08 close to 1, the maximum coupling strength expected for the reciprocal kTR–force relationship. Single pathway models consisting of fast reversible force generation before or after rapid reversible Pi release failed to describe the observed kTR–force relation. Single pathway models consistent with the observed kTR-force relation had either slow Pi binding or slow force reversal, i.e., in the consistent single pathway models, f– was assigned to the rate of either Pi binding or force reversal.ConclusionBackward flux of cross-bridges from force-generating to non-force-generating states is limited by the rates of Pi binding or force reversal ruling out other rate-limiting steps uncoupled from Pi binding induced force reversal.
Different effects of mechano- and metaboreflex on the central blood pressure waveform
Authors: Nakamura Nobuhiro , Heng Peng , Hayashi Naoyuki 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe effect of mechanoreflex on central blood pressure (BP) is unclear, although the influence of metaboreflex has been investigated. A relatively small contribution of the mechanoreflex to the pressor response to exercise has been considered in humans because many studies have failed to isolate the mechanoreflex-mediated pressor response. In a recent study, we successfully isolated a mechanoreflex-mediated pressor response using static passive stretching (SPS) in the forearm. Thus, it is possible to isolate the effect of the mechanoreflex on the central BP using this recently developed method. We investigated the effect of muscle mechanoreflex on central BP and compared the changes in the shape of the central BP waveform during mechanoreflex and metaboreflex.MethodsWe measured 12 healthy males (age, 26 ± 2 years; height, 171.1 ± 5.2 cm; body mass, 63.3 ± 10.3 kg; body fat, 16.7% ± 3.9%; means ± standard deviation [SD]) in this study. All participants performed static passive stretching (SPS) of the forearm for 60 s to isolate the muscle mechanoreflex. They also performed 120 s of isometric handgrip (IHG) at 30% maximal voluntary contraction and underwent 180 s of post-exercise ischemia (PEI) to isolate the muscle metaboreflex. The carotid BP (cBP) waveform was obtained from the right common carotid artery as the central BP waveform. We evaluated the first systolic peak (P1) and second systolic peak (P2) from the cBP waveform.ResultsSPS increased cBP with an increase in P1 (p &lt; 0.05), whereas PEI increased cBP with an increase in P2 (p &lt; 0.05). SPS did not alter augmentation pressure (AP) (p &gt; 0.05), whereas PEI increased it (p &lt; 0.05). The relative change from rest (Δ) in P1 during SPS was positively correlated with that in stroke volume (r = 0.68; p &lt; 0.05), and the ΔAP during PEI was positively correlated with that in total peripheral resistance TPR (r = 0.61; p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest different effects of mechano- and metaboreflex on the change in shape of the central BP waveform; mechanoreflex and metaboreflex deform P1 and P2, respectively.
Effect of microbial fertilizers on soil microbial community structure in rotating and continuous cropping Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Authors: Qiu Daiyu , Wang Xue , Jiang Kan , Gong Gaoxia , Bao Fang 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionGlycyrrhiza uralensis is a perennial medicinal plant. It’s generally cultivated for three years, and should avoid long-term continuous cultivation. However, unreasonable crop rotation and extensive fertilization are common in G. uralensis cultivation, which leads to the imbalance of soil microflora structure, and the obstacle of continuous cropping are becoming increasingly serious. Some microbial fertilizers such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, and complex microbial agent have the advantage of regulating soil microbial community structure and improving the soil environment. Therefore, these three kinds of microbial fertilizers were applied to G. uralensis and their effects on soil microorganisms of G. uralensis were studied.MethodsCombine microbial fertilizers with conventional fertilization for continuous cropping and rotating G. uralensis. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine soil microbial richness, diversity and distribution of community structure in rotating and continuous cropping G. uralensis.Results and discussionContinuous cropping reduced G. uralensis soil bacterial diversity by 7.56% and increased fungal richness by 17.01% compared with crop rotation. However, after the application of microbial fertilizers, the fungal richness and diversity of continuous cropping G. uralensis were significantly reduced by 4.76%~20.96%, and the soil bacterial diversity of continuous cropping and rotating G. uralensis was significantly increased by 7.22%~12.03% and 6.75%~11.69% compared with the respective controls, respectively. Continuous cropping and rotating G. uralensis soil dominant bacteria mainly include Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadota, and the dominant fungi include Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. The activity process of these microbial communities was mainly through carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid synthesis pathway in metabolism. The complex microbial agent significantly increased the relative abundance of soil dominant bacteria communities of continuous cropping and rotating G. uralensis by 3.11~11.54 percentage points, and significantly reduced the relative abundance of soil dominant fungal communities of continuous cropping G. uralensis by 1.57~8.93 percentage points, compared with the control. Of the three microbial fertilizers, the complex microbial agent had the most significant effects on optimizing the soil microbial community structure of continuous cropping and rotating G. uralensis. Conclusion: the application effect of different microbial fertilizers in continuous cropping G. uralensis was better than crop rotation, and the application effect of complex microbial agent was the best, which has more application value and development prospect in the cultivation management of G. uralensis.
Psychosocial factors influencing dietary management in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy adults: an ecological momentary assessment approach
Authors: Saito Junichi , Kumano Hiroaki 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundDietary management in diabetic patients is affected by psychosocial factors and the social-environmental context. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows patients to consistently report their experiences in real-time over a certain period and across different contexts. Despite the importance of dietary management, only a few EMA studies have been conducted on dietary management and psychosocial factors in patients with type 2 diabetes; further evidence must be gathered. Therefore, this study examined dietary management and psychosocial factors using EMA, comparing type 2 diabetes patients with healthy adults.MethodsA total of 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and 16 healthy adults underwent EMA. Relying on event-contingent recordings, this study evaluated the participants’ mood (e.g., anxiety, anger, vigor), appetite (hunger, craving), meal types (e.g., breakfast), location (e.g., eating out), companions (e.g., family), and dietary lapses (e.g., I ate a larger portion of a meal or snack than I intended) before and after meals. Dietary lapse recording after meals was paired with psychosocial data before meals. Only the type 2 diabetes patients used a sensor-based glucose monitoring system (Freestyle Libre Pro, Abbot) and wearable activity monitors (GT3X-BT, ActiGraph).ResultsThe EMA produced a total of 4,254 responses. Dietary lapse predicted two-hour postprandial glucose through a sensor-based glucose monitoring system. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed. For diabetes patients, dietary lapse was affected by vigor, fatigue, and cravings before eating. Meanwhile, for healthy adults, only fatigue before meals affected dietary lapse, and increased vigor from dietary intake was associated with dietary lapse. In both type 2 diabetes patients and healthy adults, eating-out situations were linked to dietary lapse.ConclusionThe results suggest differences in psychosocial factors influencing dietary lapse between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy adults. EMA is well suited to assess psychosocial factors that drive dietary management in diabetic patients. This study further discussed the possibility of individual approaches using EMA data.
Associations between mindfulness and non-restorative sleep: the roles of resilience and handgrip
Authors: Li Shuhan , Jiang Yingting , Shen Zhenrong , Liao Yuan , Zeng Yihao , Ye Zengjie 
Published: January 2025

AimThis study examined the mediating role of resilience and the moderating role of grip strength (handgrip) in the relationship between mindfulness and non-restorative sleep (NRS) and evaluated the non-linear association between mindfulness and NRS among university freshmen students.DesignThis is a cross-sectional descriptive study.MethodA total of 384 university students were recruited from Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC) from two universities in June 2022. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Non-restorative Sleep Scale, and handgrip were administered. Latent profile analysis, moderated mediation analysis, and generalized additive model analysis were performed.ResultsThe following three subgroups were identified through the latent profile analysis: low mindfulness (21%), medium mindfulness (49.4%), and high mindfulness (29.6%). While the significant mediating role of resilience between mindfulness and NRS was confirmed (SE = 0.041, p &lt; 0.05), the moderating role of handgrip was not statistically significant. A non-linear relationship was verified between mindfulness and NRS.
Cultural sustainability through social networks: a moderated mediation model exploring the psychological dimensions of cultural dissemination
Authors: Chen Ruolei , Chen Xujia 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe present study examines the role of social network diversity in fostering cultural sustainability among Chinese social media users.MethodsUtilizing a quantitative methodological approach, data was gathered from a sample of 1,200 active users across various Chinese social media platforms. Participants completed surveys assessing the diversity of their cultural interactions on these platforms, their levels of cultural empathy, cultural adaptability, and the sustainability of cultural practices.ResultsThe findings indicate that greater diversity in social media interactions is significantly associated with higher levels of cultural empathy, which in turn enhances both cultural adaptability and sustainability. Furthermore, psychological flexibility was found to moderate these relationships, suggesting that individuals with higher flexibility are better able to leverage diverse interactions into sustainable cultural practices.DiscussionThese results emphasize the potential of social media as a tool for cultural preservation and adaptation in the face of globalization. Implications for policy makers and social media platforms center on fostering environments that support diverse cultural exchanges to enhance cultural sustainability. This research contributes to the understanding of how digital interactions can influence the long-term maintenance and adaptation of cultural heritage in a rapidly changing world.
Developing a translational research framework for MDD: combining biomolecular mechanisms with a spiraling risk factor model
Authors: van Baalen Max , van der Velden Lars , van der Gronde Toon , Pieters Toine 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe global incidence and burden of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are increasing annually, with current antidepressant treatments proving ineffective for 30-40% of patients. Biomolecular mechanisms within the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) may significantly contribute to MDD, potentially paving the way for novel treatment approaches. However, integrating the MGBA with the psychological and environmental aspects of MDD remains challenging. This manuscript aims to: 1) investigate the underlying biomolecular mechanisms of MDD using a modeling approach, and 2) integrate this knowledge into a comprehensive ‘spiraling risk factor model’ to develop a biopsychosocial translational research framework for the prevention and treatment of MDD.MethodsFor the first aim, a systematic review (PROSPERO registration) was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to query literature published between 2016–2020, with select additional sources. A narrative review was performed for the second aim.ResultsIn addition to genetics and neurobiology, research consistently indicates that hyperactivation of the HPA axis and a pro-inflammatory state are interrelated components of the MGBA and likely underlying mechanisms of MDD. Dysregulation of the MGBA, along with imbalances in mental and physical conditions, lifestyle factors, and pre-existing treatments, can trigger a downward spiral of stress and anxiety, potentially leading to MDD.ConclusionsMDD is not solely a brain disorder but a heterogeneous condition involving biomolecular, psychological, and environmental risk factors. Future interdisciplinary research can utilize the integrated biopsychosocial insights from this manuscript to develop more effective lifestyle-focused multimodal treatment interventions, enhance diagnosis, and stimulate early-stage prevention of MDD.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42020215412.
Psychosocial wellbeing and risk perception of older adults during COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: perspectives on the role of social workers
Authors: Rahman Farah Naz , Iwuagwu Anthony Obinna , Ngwu Christopher Ndubuisi , Kalu Michael Ebe , Kasherwa Amani , Tasnim Anika , Chowdhury Mohamman Rocky Khan , Rashid Mamunur , Kader Manzur 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic presented a ‘double-edged sword’ for older adults: not only were they more susceptible to the virus, but its broader consequences also exacerbated other challenges, particularly those related to psychosocial well-being. Limited evidence exists on how older adults perceive the pandemic and its impact on their well-being and the role of social workers in addressing these challenges, particularly in resource-limited settings like Nigeria.AimThis study explored older adults’ perceived risks regarding COVID-19, its impact on their psychosocial well-being, and the role of social workers in addressing these challenges in Nigeria.MethodsA phenomenological and exploratory research design was used. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with 16 older adults and 4 social workers in Onitsha metropolis, Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria. Data were analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings revealed that the COVID-19 restrictive measures negatively impacted the psychosocial well-being of older adults, where social isolation, lack of support, the inability to engage in wellbeing activities, and emotional trauma collectively contributed to a significant decline in their mental and emotional health. Additionally, widespread misconceptions about the origin of COVID-19 led to reluctance in adopting preventive measures. While social workers provided some awareness and counselling sessions, their involvement was limited. Social workers were not recognized as part of the frontline response team, and their efforts were primarily constrained by governmental and institutional neglect.ConclusionThe findings highlight the need for policy initiatives to enhance social workers involvement in strengthening the psychosocial resilience of older adults and addressing misconceptions during public health emergencies. Comprehensive strategies are essential for safeguarding the psychosocial well-being of older adults in future pandemics or similar crises.
Mental wellbeing of higher education students in challenging times
Authors: Lazarewicz Magdalena Anna , Moksnes Unni Karin , Reidunsdatter Randi Johansen , Wlodarczyk Dorota 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveStudent age and starting higher education require adaptation to a new physical and psychosocial environment, making the time of studies a highly sensitive period. Current and future generations of students are also likely to face additional global stressors, which potentially exacerbate their mental wellbeing. The aim of the study was to investigate how higher education students' appraisal of the COVID-19 pandemic situation and of their personal resources predict mental wellbeing (anxiety and curiosity).MethodsThe study used cross-sectional data collected from 3,727 higher education students in an online survey conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsAfter controlling for a number of pandemic-related factors, all considered aspects of the pandemic situation appraisal and resources appraisal were significant predictors of anxiety and/or curiosity. The most important predictors of anxiety were sense of control, information stress, pandemic interest, and self-efficacy, and the most important predictors of curiosity were self-efficacy, health promoting behaviors, and sense of control. Tested models explained 61% of variance of anxiety and 36% of variance of curiosity.ConclusionAppraisal of own personal resources seems critical for both indicators of mental wellbeing. These results may significantly contribute to sufficient planning of mental-wellbeing oriented interventions for young adults in Higher Education.
Impact of the National Drug Price Negotiation policy on the price, usage, and affordability of anticancer medicines in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Sun Yaqun , Qiang Yan , Duan Yongxuan , Song Yan 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveIn order to reduce the price and increase the accessibility of innovative medicines, China has implemented the National Drug Price Negotiation (NDPN) since 2016. Anticancer drug is the largest category of NDPN and the number continue to increase. This study evaluated the impact of this policy on the price, utilization rate and affordability of anticancer drugs based on the experiences of Shandong province.Methods25 anticancer drugs were included in this study involved the NDPN in the year 2018 and 2019. Data on prices and utilization of the policy related drugs from 2017 to 2022 were collected from Shandong Province, using an adaptation of the WHO/HAI methodology. Prices were measured as Median Price Ratio (MPR). Usage was measured as Defined Daily Doses (DDDs). Affordability was measured as days of daily per capita disposable income required for the cost of 1 month’s treatment. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to estimate the significance of the difference in the change in the MPRs before and after the negotiation.ResultsThe data of this study come from 42 key monitoring medical institutions in Shandong Province, including 31 tertiary medical institutions and 11 secondary medical institutions. There has been a significant reduction in the MPR following NDPN, with a median MPR of 0.57 in 2022, and the prices of anticancer medicines were generally lower than IPR. During the period from 2017 to 2022, the total usage of the 25 negotiated medicines continued to rise. With the implementation of negotiation policy, the average number of days of disposable income per capita required for 1 month of medicine costs changed from 104 days to 36 days and 256 days to 80 days for urban and rural residents, respectively. The affordable proportion of anticancer medicines is still not high.ConclusionThe NDPN policy has reduced the prices of anticancer drugs and greatly improved their affordability. More attention should be paid to improve the affordability to the rural and the poor patients. It is essential to encourage the research and development of high-quality generic drugs to strengthen reasonable market competition, as well as improve the multi-tiered medical security system.
Intention to khat chewing among youths in Raya-Azebo district, southern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia: application of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Atsbaha Abadi Hailay , Mekonnen Adugnaw Berhane , Ketema Bezawit , Gebrehiwot Tigist Haile , Gebru Hirut Teame , Alemseged Embay Amare , Angaw Yonas , Gebremedhin Haftay , Gebremeskel Fre , Hidru Hagos Degefa , Gufue Zenawi Hagos 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundKhat chewing has become a global phenomenon, resulting in significant physical and mental health issues as well as socioeconomic crises. However, evidence is scarce on Ethiopian youths’ behavioral intentions toward khat chewing, particularly in the Raya-Azebo district of the southern zone of the Tigray region. As a result, this study aimed to assess the intention to chew among youths in Raya-Azebo district, Southern Tigray, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 627 youths in northern Ethiopia’s Raya-Azebo district. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multivariable linear regression model was used to predict the contribution of independent variables and identify variables strongly associated with chewing among youths.ResultsA considerable proportion, 192 (30.62%) of youths, had the intention to chew khat in the next 6 months. The component of the theory of planned behavior independently explained the variance in intention to chew by 83%. The strongest predictors of intention to chew were attitude (β = 0.35, p &lt; 0.001), subjective norm (β = 0.297, p &lt; 0.001), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.15, p = 0.01).ConclusionBehavioral intention toward khat chewing was a function of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control toward khat chewing. Strategies to empower youths to change a positive attitude toward khat chewing, programs targeted at resisting social pressures, and increasing self-efficacy to combat chewing are needed.