bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between lack of intensive care unit access and mortality in acute care surgery patients at two Rwandan university teaching hospitals: A cohort study
Authors: Manirabona Emmanuel , Ntirenganya Faustin , Rickard Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Lack of access to intensive care unit (ICU) for both surgical and non-surgical patients is common in countries with limited resources. In the current literature, there is a paucity of published data on the outcome of critically ill patients who lacked ICU access after surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the mortality and length of hospital stay for operated acute care surgery (ACS) patientswith criteria of post-operative ICU admission.
Methods:This was prospective cohort study conducted on ACS patients with pre-operative criteria of ICU admission in two Rwandan university teaching hospitals. The patients were followed from admission until discharge or 30 days in-hospital. We documented basic characteristics, diagnosis, length of hospital stay and mortality. We compared mortality and length of stay in hospital for patients with timely admission, delayed admission, and patients not admitted to the ICU. Data was collected, electronically captured and analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: 213 ACS patients enrolled in this study. The rate of post-operative ICU access was 38.5% (n=82) with 53 (24.9%) patients with timely ICU admission and 29 (13.6%) with delayed ICU admission. The remaining 131 (61.5%) patients were not admitted to the ICU.
Mortality rate among patients with timely ICU admission was 26.4% versus 89.7% for delayed admission and 48.1% in patients with no ICU admission (p-value <0.001). The hospital-stay for timely ICU admission was 13.7 days versus 7.1 days in patients who had delayed ICU admission and 16.5 days for patients with no ICU admission (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: This study showed high mortality of ACS patients who underwent surgery with criteria to be admitted in ICU postoperatively. Increasing ICU access has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
Treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists is associated with significant weight loss and favorable headache outcomes in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Krajnc Nik , Itariu Bianca , Macher Stefan , Marik Wolfgang , Harreiter Jürgen , Michl Martin , Novak Klaus , Wöber Christian , Pemp Berthold , Bsteh Gabriel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background.
In idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), sustained weight loss is the main pillar in modifying disease course, whereby glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs) could present an attractive treatment option.
Methods.
In this open-label, single-center, case-control pilot study, patients with IIH (pwIIH) and a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m² were offered to receive a GLP-1-RA (semaglutide, liraglutide) in addition to the usual care weight management (UCWM). Patients electing for UCWM only served as a control group matched for age-, sex- and BMI (1:2 ratio). The primary endpoint was the percentage weight loss at six months (M6) compared to baseline. Secondary endpoints included the rate of patients with a weight loss of ≥ 10%, monthly headache days (MHD), the rate of patients with a ≥ 30% and ≥ 50% reduction in MHD, visual outcome parameters, and adverse events (AEs).
Results.
We included 39 pwIIH (mean age 33.6 years [SD 8.0], 92.3% female, median BMI 36.3 kg/m² [IQR 31.4–38.3]), with 13 patients being treated with GLP-1-RAs. At M6, mean weight loss was significantly higher in the GLP-1-RA group (–12.0% [3.3] vs. − 2.8% [4.7]; p < 0.001). Accordingly, weight loss of ≥ 10% was more common in this group (69.2% vs. 4.0%; p < 0.001). Median reduction in MHD was significantly higher in the GLP-1-RA group (–4 [–10.5, 0.5] vs. 0 [–3, 1]; p = 0.02), and the 50% responder rate was 76.9% vs. 40.0% (p = 0.04). Visual outcome parameters did not change significantly from baseline to M6. Median reduction in acetazolamide dosage was significantly higher in the GLP-1-RA group (–16.5% [–50, 0] vs. 0% [–25, 50]; p = 0.04). AEs were mild or moderate and attributed to gastrointestinal symptoms in 9/13 patients. None of the AEs led to premature treatment discontinuation.
Conclusions.
This open-label, single-center pilot study suggests that GLP-1-RAs are an effective and safe treatment option for achieving significant weight loss with a favorable effect on headache, leading to reduced acetazolamide dosage in pwIIH.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for infection with Influenza, SARS- CoV-2 or Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the season 2022/2023 in a large German primary care center
Authors: Quarg Carolin , Jörres Rudolf A. , Engelhardt Sebastian , Alter Peter , Budweiser Stephan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In 2022/2023, Influenza A and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) reappeared in hospitalized patients, which was in parallel to ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infections. The aim of our study was to compare the characteristics and outcomes of these infections during the same time.
Methods
We included patients of all ages with a positive Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test for Influenza A/B, RSV, or SARS-CoV-2 virus hospitalized in the neurological, internal or paediatric units of the RoMed Hospital Rosenheim, Germany, between October 1st 2022 and February 28th 2023.
Results
A total of 906 patients were included (45.6% female; median age 68.0 years; 21.9% Influenza A, 48.2% SARS-CoV-2, 28.3% RSV). Influenza B (0.2%) and co-infections (1.5%) played a minor role. In patients aged ≥ 18 years (n = 637, 71%), Influenza A, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV groups differed in age (median 72, 79, 76 years, respectively; p < 0.001). Comorbidities, particularly asthma and COPD, were most prevalent for RSV. 103 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (16.3% Influenza A, 15.3% SARS-CoV-2, 19.2% RSV; p = 0.649), 56 died (6.8% Influenza A, 9% SARS-CoV-2, 11.1% RSV; p = 0.496). RSV showed the highest frequencies of low-flow oxygen supplementation for admission and stay. Differences in the length of stay were minor (median 7 days). Conversely, in patients aged < 18 years (n = 254, 29%), 19.5%, 17.6% and 60.2% were in the Influenza A, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV groups, respectively; 0.4% showed Influenza B and 2.3% co-infections. 17 patients were admitted to ICU (4.5% Influenza A, 10.0% RSV, 0% SARS-CoV-2); none died. RSV showed the highest frequencies of high- and low-flow oxygen supplementation, SARS-CoV-2 the lowest. Young RSV patients stayed longer in the hospital compared to SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A (median 4 versus 2 and 2 days; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
When comparing infections with Influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV in the same winter period in hospitalized adult patients, rates of ICU admission and mortality were similar. RSV showed the highest frequencies of comorbidities, especially obstructive airway diseases, and of oxygen supplementation. The latter was also true in children/adolescents, in whom RSV dominated. The data suggest a relatively higher disease burden from RSV compared to Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 across ages.
Systemic inflammatory response Markers as Predictors of Oncologic Outcomes and Response to Intravesical Chemotherapy in Patients with non- muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Yongjie , Du Yiqing , Qin Caipeng , Liu Shijun , Li Qing , Xu Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) maybe face the probability of recurrence or progression, yet it is difficult to seek robust prognostic indices. This study aimed to investigate the associations between the preoperative systemic inflammatory response (SIR) markers and oncologic outcomes in NMIBC .
Methods
We retrospectively collected data from 542 NMIBC patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) between January 1999 to December 2019 in peking university people's hospital. The blood samples were collected from patients before TURBT. SIR markers including systemic inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values were calculated. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated associations between oncologic outcomes and ratios of SIR marks.
Results
Recurrence and progression were observed in 31.2% and 10.3% patients respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that NLR (HR 1.54; 95%CI: 1.13–2.09, P = 0.007) was an independent predictive factor for RFS, and MLR (HR 2.28; 95% CI:1.30–4.02, P = 0.004) was an independent predictive factor for PFS. Patients with high NLR or MLR and no intravesical chemotherapy (IC) had the worst RFS or PFS respectively. patients with high MLR and IC had a better PFS than those without IC (P = 0.012).
Conclusions
Based on these results, SIR markers may be useful non-invasive and economical methods to identify patients at risk of relapse and progression and provide the probability of individual therapy for patients with NMIBC.
Post Hoc Explanations of Language Models Can Improve Language Models
Authors: Krishna Satyapriya , Ma Jiaqi , Slack Dylan , Ghandeharioun Asma , Singh Sameer , Lakkaraju Himabindu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in performing complex tasks. Moreover, recent research has shown that incorporating human-annotated rationales (e.g., Chain-of-Thought prompting) during in-context learning can significantly enhance the performance of these models, particularly on tasks that require reasoning capabilities. However, incorporating such rationales poses challenges in terms of scalability as this requires a high degree of human involvement. In this work, we present a novel framework, Amplifying Model Performance by Leveraging In-Context Learning with Post Hoc Explanations (AMPLIFY), which addresses the aforementioned challenges by automating the process of rationale generation. To this end, we leverage post hoc explanation methods which output attribution scores (explanations) capturing the influence of each of the input features on model predictions. More specifically, we construct automated natural language rationales that embed insights from post hoc explanations to provide corrective signals to LLMs. Extensive experimentation with real-world datasets demonstrates that our framework, AMPLIFY, leads to prediction accuracy improvements of about 10-25% over a wide range of tasks, including those where prior approaches which rely on human-annotated rationales such as Chain-of-Thought prompting fall short. Our work makes one of the first attempts at highlighting the potential of post hoc explanations as valuable tools for enhancing the effectiveness of LLMs. Furthermore, we conduct additional empirical analyses and ablation studies to demonstrate the impact of each of the components of AMPLIFY, which, in turn, lead to critical insights for refining in-context learning.
Green fabrication of wheat straw-based lignin containing nanofibril aerogels as recyclable absorbents for oil-water separation
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Yang Mingyan , Cai Xiaodan , An Linyu , Lai Kunrong , Dou Yan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite aerogels have been the focus of studies in organic solvent absorption and oil removal fields due to their low density, high absorption capacity, nontoxicity, and biodegradable properties. However, the complicated pretreatment process and increasing environmental concerns restrict the large-scale application of CNF-based materials. Herein, hydrophobic lignin-containing nanofibril (LCNF)/ polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aerogels were prepared through freeze-drying and thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyl trichlorosilane (MTMS). The SEM and FT-IR results showed that modified LCNF/PVA (M-LCNF/PVA) aerogels incorporated a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and the hydrophobic siloxane coating was successfully prepared on the LCNF/PVA scaffold. The aerogel presented outstanding physical properties including a low density of 12.949 ± 0.402 mg/cm3, high porous of 98.99%, high flexibility, and enhanced compressibility due to the homogenous porous structure. The wettability test revealed that the aerogel, with a water contact angle (WCA) up to 146 ± 1.89°, was highly hydrophobic.The modified aerogel exhibited absorption capacity for various oil and organic solvents and the maximal adsorption capacity of M-LCNF/0.25PVA aerogel for chloroform can reach 106.80 ± 4.97 g/g aerogel. In addition, the modified aerogel is capable of separating emulsified water/oil mixtures, which broad its potential application. Notably, the aerogel demonstrated good reusability because it still maintained more than 61.44% of its original uptake capacity after 10 times extrusion cycle. The facile technique for the preparation of LCNFs from low-cost lignocellulosic biomass without a chemical bleaching process is green, sustainable, and can be used to fabricate high-efficiency LCNF-based sorbents from agricultural waste for oil and industrial organic solvent spills.
Precisely tuning the residual stress anisotropy in machine hammer peening
Authors: Liu Qi , Jin Siyu , Shen Bin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Machine hammer peening (MHP) is a novel surface modification process that can strengthen and smoothen the treated parts in one process, significantly improving their fatigue performance. The strengthening effect is mainly due to the induced highly controllable residual compressive stress on the subsurface. However, the residual compressive stress induced by MHP is usually anisotropic, with the component perpendicular to the feed direction more significant than parallel. The anisotropic residual stress will have an adverse effect if the treated parts are subjected to multiaxial loads, which puts forward high demands to precisely tune such anisotropy. For this purpose, a finite element model with a velocity-based driving mode is first established in this paper, which can simulate the residual stress induced by MHP. The origin of the anisotropy is then revealed by analyzing the evolution of the simulated residual stress. Based on this, methods to precisely tune the residual stress anisotropy are proposed. The residual stress anisotropy can be precisely tuned by optimizing MHP parameters, including the overlap ratio, impact velocity, and MHP path.
The Heterogeneous Impact of Social Distancing on Household-Level Economic Performances: Evidence from a Large Survey in Vietnam
Authors: Le-Van Dao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study utilizes a large dataset surveyed by Facebook and several academic institutions to examine the heterogeneous impact of social distancing on household-level economic performances, employing the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator and controlling multi-channel fixed effects. In particular, in our case study, the Vietnamese government’s sudden social distancing policy, which is seen as a quasi-experiment, has created favourable conditions to evaluate the causality of this nexus. The results confirm the negative impact of social distancing on unemployment likelihood, especially for women and lower education levels groups. Notably, we also find that people with less desirable economic status (i.e., higher rate of unemployment and food insecurity) are more heavily hurt by social distancing practices. Therefore, the findings suggest the need for welfare programs for these disadvantaged groups post-pandemic.
JEL codes: A13, C31, H75, J18
Delay Modelling of Selected Trains in Indian Railways
Authors: Banerjee Shyamal Sundar , Panja Subhash Chandra , Bhattacharyya Avijit , Sharma Sunil Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
India runs the fourth largest railway transport network size carrying over 8 billion passengers per year. However, the travel experience of passengers is frequently marked by delays, i.e., late arrival of trains at stations, causing inconvenience. Categorically in India, the situation needs to improve due to the high number of passengers. As per the Indian Railways website,around 25.3 million people used to travel by train in 2006 which drastically increased year on year to 80 million in 2018. The primary aim of this paper is to model the delays of trains to understand its pattern over the period of time. Train delay is a set of observations which varies over time and hence it is Time Series data. Since in this study delay in arrival at destination of 20 trains have been collected over multiple points in time, multiple tools and machine learning algorithms suitable for modelling such data mainly regression based methods that may fit the train delay modelling have been discussed here. It is seen at the end of this research that Extra Trees Regression performs better to model the train delay data.
Preferensi Pengunjung Taman di Kota Malang Terhadap Fasilitas Taman Pasca Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Santoso Dian Kartika , Dewanto Yudhistira Adit , Kholishotunni’amillah  , Rachmawati Siti Hazar , Risnawati  
Published: June 2023

Title: Park Visitor Preferences On Park Facilities In Malang City Post-Covid-19 Pandemic

The end of the Covid-19 Pandemic has made people return to their activities in public open spaces. After the post-Covid-19 pandemic, garden facilities are one of the essential things in an Open Green Space. This parking facility must comply with the ongoing New Normal Standards. Urban park in Malang needs to be measured to explore user preferences for park facilities after the Covid-19 pandemic. The analytical method used is a descriptive quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out through a survey using a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The results obtained from this study were that there was no change in visitor preferences before and after Covid-19. visitor preferences for park facilities in Malang City found that for hygiene & health facilities, the most needed are toilets, hand washing areas and trash cans, as for the most needed security facilities, namely security posts and fences. The most needed supporting facilities are seats, sports facilities and parking lots.
Recent Insights into Osimertinib Analogues against EGFR Positive
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chhabra Jatin , Kashyap Priyanka , Pahwa Rakesh , Narang Rakesh , Dureja Harish , Lal Sukhbir , Verma Sangeeta 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Lung cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with a poor prognosis and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The development of mutations makes lung cancer treatment more challenging and expensive. Successful identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations led to the discovery of various third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Osimertinib is one of the promising and efficacious third-generation EGFR inhibitors and is mainly employed in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the initial effective response, osimertinib causes resistance in most of the patients after around 10 months of therapy, resulting in disease progression. To mitigate the effect of developed resistance, different osimertinib derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated by numerous research groups across the globe.

Methods:
Present article illustrates recent research advancements for the utilization of osimertinib and its derivatives in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Last seven years literature search has been conducted from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, etc.

Result:
The present review emphasizes the recent advancements of osimertinib analogues that lead to enhanced antitumor potential and safety profile against non-small cell lung cancer. This manu-script also summarizes the different synthetic schemes involved in the synthesis of osimertinib ana-logues against EGFR reported by different research groups.

Conclusion:
Anticancer mechanistic insights, analytical prospects, drug interactions, pharmacoki-netic considerations, and resistance profile of osimertinib are highlighted in the current manuscript.
Schisandrin B Inhibits Cell Viability and Malignant Progression of Melanoma Cells
via Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Zhang Lingzhao , Pu Yihuan , Chen Yangmei , Li Yuxin , Pan Xingyu , Chen Jin 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Melanoma is of great interest due to its aggressive behavior and less favorable prognosis. The
need for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of melanoma is urgent. Considerable evidence indicated that
Schisandrin B (Sch B), a bioactive compound extracted from Schisandra chinensis, has numerous anti-tumor properties
in multiple malignant tumors. A few studies have reported the effect of Sch B on melanogenesis in the melanoma
B16F10 cell line; however, the specific anti-tumor effects and mechanisms need to be further explored.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Sch B on the cell viability, migration, invasion, and cell cycleblocking
of melanoma cells and explore its potential anti-tumor mechanism in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:
Melanoma cells (A375 and B16) were treated with different concentrations of Sch B (0, 20, 40, 60, or 80
μM), with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as control. The inhibitory effect of Sch B on A375 and B16 melanoma cells
was verified by crystal violet assay and CCK8 assay. The flow cytometry was performed to observe cell cycle blocking.
The effect of Sch B on the migration and invasion of melanoma cells was detected by wound healing assay and
transwell assay, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to determine protein expression levels. The growth of the
A375 melanoma xenograft-treated groups and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to assess the anti-tumor
effect of Sch B in vivo.

Results:
The crystal violet assay and CCK8 assay showed that Sch B significantly inhibited melanoma cell viability in
a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the flow cytometry analysis revealed that Sch B induced melanoma cell cycleblocking
at the G1/S phase. In addition, the wound healing assay and transwell assay showed that Sch B inhibited the
migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Furthermore, by establishing an animal model, we found that Sch B significantly
inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. The potential mechanism could be that Sch B inhibited the activity of
the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
These findings indicated that Sch B inhibits the cell viability and malignant progression of melanoma
cells via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induces cell cycle arrest. Our study suggests that Sch B has potential as a
bioactive compound for the development of new drugs for melanoma.
Baseline and Outcome Comparison of Adolescents in Treatment
for Opioid and Non-opioid Use Disorder
Authors: LaCasse Matthew , Loh Ryan , Thurstone Christian 
Published: June 2023

Background:
In the current opioid epidemic, little is known about
differences in treatment structure for youth with opioid use disorder (OUD) and
youth with other substance use disorders.

Objective:
This study analyzed baseline characteristics and outcome data
comparing youth who suffer from OUD vs. those with other substance use disorders
in an urban Denver, Colorado clinic.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort review was conducted, analyzing clinical data
between February 2017 and March 2021. Two groups were created and compared:
those with OUD (n = 59) and those with other substance use disorders (n = 417).
The primary outcome variable was achieving a negative urine drug screen within 16
weeks of baseline assessment. We hypothesized that there would be no difference
between the groups in the primary outcome variable.

Results:
Youth with OUD were slightly older and had more co-morbid stimulant
use disorder. No difference between the groups was observed in achieving a
negative urine drug screen within 16 weeks.

Conclusion:
A multimodal, generalized treatment approach yielded similar
outcomes for those suffering from OUD compared to those with other substance
use disorders. There might not need to be significant variances in treatment
approach depending on the specific substance use disorder.