bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylaxis forPneumocystis cariniipneumonia in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma undergoing R-CHOP21 in China: a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Huang Xiaojia , Huang Xiaoting , Lin Shen , Luo Shaohong , Dong Liangliang , Lin Dong , Huang Yaping , Xie Chen , Nian Dongni , Xu Xiongwei , Weng Xiuhua 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveRituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, once every 3 weeks (R-CHOP21) is commonly used in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), but accompanied byPneumocystis cariniipneumonia (PCP) as a fatal treatment complication. This study aims to estimate the specific effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PCP prophylaxis in NHL undergoing R-CHOP21.DesignA two-part decision analytical model was developed. Prevention effects were determined by systemic review of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to December 2022. Studies reporting results of PCP prophylaxis were included. Enrolled studies were quality assessed with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Costs were derived from the Chinese official websites, and clinical outcomes and utilities were obtained from published literature. Uncertainty was evaluated through deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (DSA and PSA). Willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set as US$31 315.23/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) (threefold the 2021 per capita Chinese gross domestic product).SettingChinese healthcare system perspective.ParticipantsNHL receiving R-CHOP21.InterventionsPCP prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis.Main outcome measuresPrevention effects were pooled as relative risk (RR) with 95% CI. QALYs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated.ResultsA total of four retrospective cohort studies with 1796 participants were included. PCP risk was inversely associated with prophylaxis in NHL receiving R-CHOP21 (RR 0.17; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.67; p=0.01). Compared with no prophylaxis, PCP prophylaxis would incur an additional cost of US$527.61, and 0.57 QALYs gained, which yielded an ICER of US$929.25/QALY. DSA indicated that model results were most sensitive to the risk of PCP and preventive effectiveness. In PSA, the probability that prophylaxis was cost-effective at the WTP threshold was 100%.ConclusionProphylaxis for PCP in NHL receiving R-CHOP21 is highly effective from retrospective studies, and routine chemoprophylaxis against PCP is overwhelmingly cost-effective from Chinese healthcare system perspective. Large sample size and prospective controlled studies are warranted.
Impact of a digital surgical workflow including Digital Device Briefing Tool on morbidity and mortality in a patient population undergoing primary stapled colorectal anastomosis for benign or malignant colorectal disease: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Lauscher Johannes , Beyer Katharina , Hellinger Achim , Croner Roland S , Ridwelski Karsten , Krautz Christian , Lim Christine , Coplan Paul M , Kurepkat Marc , Ribaric Goran 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionWith growing emphasis on surgical safety, it appears fundamental to assess the safety of colorectal resection involving primary stapled anastomosis. Surgical stapling devices can considerably foster patient safety in colorectal surgery, but their misuse or malfunction encompass a unique risk of postoperative complications. The Digital Device Briefing Tool (DDBT) is a digital cognitive aid developed to enhance safe use of the Ethicon circular stapling device during colorectal resection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how a digital operative workflow, including DDBT, compared with routine surgical care, affects morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing left-sided colorectal resection with primary stapled colorectal anastomosis for colorectal cancer or benign disease.Methods and analysisA multicentre, prospective cohort study will be conducted at five certified academic colorectal centres in Germany. It compares a non-digital with a Johnson & Johnson digital solution (Surgical Process Institute Deutschland (SPI))-guided operative workflow in patients undergoing left hemicolectomy, sigmoidectomy, anterior rectal resection and Hartmann reversal procedure. The sample size is set at 528 cases in total, divided into 3 groups (a non-digital and two SPI-guided workflow cohorts, with and without DDBT) in a ratio of 1:1:1, with 176 patients each. The primary endpoint is a composite outcome comprising the overall rate of surgical complications, including death, during hospitalisation and within the first 30 days after colorectal resection. Secondary endpoints include operating time, length of hospital stay and 30-day hospital readmission rate.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be performed in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics committee of the Charité—University Medicine Berlin, Germany, approved the study (No: 22-0277-EA2/060/22). Study Investigators will obtain written informed consent from each patient before a patient may participate in this study. The study results will be submitted to an international peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberDRKS00029682.
Medical evidence assisting non-fatal strangulation prosecution: a scoping review
Authors: Sharman Leah S , Fitzgerald Robin , Douglas Heather 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesNon-fatal strangulation (NFS) is a serious form of gendered violence that is fast becoming an offence in many jurisdictions worldwide. However, it often leaves little or no externally visible injuries making prosecution challenging. This review aimed to provide an overview of how health professionals can support the prosecution of criminal charges of NFS as part of regular practice, particularly when externally visible injuries are absent.MethodEleven databases were searched with terms related to NFS and medical evidence in health sciences and legal databases. Eligible articles were English language and peer reviewed, published before 30 June 2021; sample over 18 years that had primarily survived a strangulation attempt and included medical investigations of NFS injuries, clinical documentation of NFS or medical evidence related to NFS prosecution.ResultsSearches found 25 articles that were included for review. Alternate light sources appeared to be the most effective tool for finding evidence of intradermal injury among NFS survivors that were not otherwise visible. However, there was only one article that examined the utility of this tool. Other common diagnostic imaging was less effective at detection, but were sought after by prosecutors, particularly MRIs of the head and neck. Recording injuries and other aspects of the assault using standardised tools specific for NFS were suggested for documenting evidence. Other documentation included writing verbatim quotes of the experience of the assault and taking good quality photographs that could assist with corroborating a survivor’s story and proving intent, if relevant for the jurisdiction.ConclusionClinical responses to NFS should include investigation and standardised documentation of internal and external injuries, subjective complaints and the experience of the assault. These records can assist in providing corroborating evidence of the assault, reducing the need for survivor testimony in court proceedings and increasing the likelihood of a guilty plea.
Impact of testosterone use on the vaginal microbiota of transgender men, including susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis: study protocol for a prospective, observational study
Authors: Muzny Christina A , Van Gerwen Olivia T , Schroeder Julia A , Kay-Duncan Emma Sophia , Siwakoti Krishmita , Aaron Kristal J , Eastlund Isaac C , Graves Keonte J , Elnaggar Jacob H , Tamhane Ashutosh , Long Dustin , Van Wagoner Nicholas , Toh Evelyn , Taylor Christopher M 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe effect of testosterone (T) therapy on the vaginal microbiota of transgender men (TGM) is not well characterised, although one cross-sectional study comparing the vaginal microbiota of cisgender women to TGM on T≥1 year found that, in 71% of the TGM, the vaginal microbiota was less likely to beLactobacillus-dominated and more likely to be enriched with >30 other bacterial species, many associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). This prospective study aims to investigate changes in the composition of the vaginal microbiota over time in TGM who retain their natal genitalia (ie, vagina) and initiate T. In addition, we will identify changes in the vaginal microbiota preceding incident BV (iBV) in this cohort while investigating behavioural factors, along with hormonal shifts, which may be associated with iBV.Methods and analysisT-naïve TGM who have not undergone gender-affirming genital surgery with normal baseline vaginal microbiota (ie, no Amsel criteria, normal Nugent Score with noGardnerella vaginalismorphotypes) will self-collect daily vaginal specimens for 7 days prior to initiating T and for 90 days thereafter. These specimens will be used for vaginal Gram stain, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterise shifts in the vaginal microbiota over time, including development of iBV. Participants will complete daily diaries on douching, menses and behavioural factors including sexual activity during the study.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol is approved through the single Institutional Review Board mechanism by the University of Alabama at Birmingham. External relying sites are the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans Human Research Protection Program and the Indiana University Human Research Protection Program. Study findings will be presented at scientific conferences and peer-reviewed journals as well as shared with community advisory boards at participating gender health clinics and community-based organisations servicing transgender people.Registration detailsProtocol # IRB-300008073.
Is the prolongation latency of visual evoked potentials a pathological sign in children with Down’s syndrome without ocular abnormalities? Case–control study of children with Down’s syndrome
Authors: Utrobičić Dobrila Karlica , Karlica Hana , Jerončić Ana , Borjan Ivan , Mudnić Ivana 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate retino-cortical function in children with Down’s syndrome (DS) and no evident ocular abnormalities beyond mild refractive error, by recording visual evoked potentials (VEP) in response to pattern-reversal stimuli and comparing to those of age-matched healthy controls.Methods and analysisAll the children with DS registered at Split-Dalmatia County who met inclusion criteria of no ocular abnormalities and with refraction error between −0.5 and +2.0 D, and their age-matched healthy controls were included in the study (n=36 children, N=72 eyes, for both groups, respectively, with the same age of 9±2 years). Transient VEP was recorded and the waves with a positive peak as a response to a pattern-reversal stimulus, were analysed. The peak P100 latency, defined as the time from the stimulus onset to the main positive peak, and peak to peak amplitudes were measured.ResultsWhile P100 wave amplitudes were comparable between two groups (p=0.804), P100 latencies were from 4.3 to 28.5 ms longer in children with DS (p<0.001). Interocular latency difference between a VEP dominant and an inferior eye was pronounced in healthy (1.2 ms (0.2–4.0), but was almost diminished in children with DS (0.3 ms (0.1–0.5), p<0.001).ConclusionOur study has demonstrated that VEP response is divergent in children with DS compared with their age-matched healthy controls, indicating possible structural or functional abnormalities of the visual cortex. As VEP results are helpful in the diagnosis and treatment planning of vision-related disorders, we should reconsider the use of common VEP diagnostic criteria in subpopulation of children with DS.
The electromagnetic Sigma-to-Lambda transition form factors with coupled-channel effects in the space-like region
Authors: Lin Yong-Hui , Hammer Hans-Werner , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing dispersion theory, the electromagnetic Sigma-to-Lambda transition form factors are expressed as the product of the pion electromagnetic form factor and the $$\Sigma {\bar{\varLambda }}\rightarrow \pi \pi $$

Σ

Λ

¯

→
π
π

scattering amplitudes with the latter estimated from SU(3) chiral perturbation theory including the baryon decuplet as explicit degrees of freedom. The contribution of the $$K{\bar{K}}$$

K

K

¯

channel is also taken into account and the $$\pi \pi $$

π
π

–$$K{\bar{K}}$$

K

K

¯

coupled-channel effect is included by means of a two-channel Muskhelishvili–Omnès representation. It is found that the electric transition form factor shows a significant shift after the inclusion of the $$K{\bar{K}}$$

K

K

¯

channel, while the magnetic transition form factor is only weakly affected. However, the $$K{\bar{K}}$$

K

K

¯

effect on the electric form factor is obscured by the undetermined coupling $$h_A$$

h
A

in the three-flavor chiral Lagrangian. The error bands of the Sigma-to-Lambda transition form factors from the uncertainties of the couplings and low-energy constant in three-flavor chiral perturbation theory are estimated by a bootstrap sampling method.
Quantum entanglement for continuous variables sharing in an expanding spacetime
Authors: Li Wen-Mei , Wang Rui-Di , Wu Hao-Yu , Huang Xiao-Li , Zeng Hao-Sheng , Wu Shu-Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDetecting the structure of spacetime with quantum technologies has always been one of the frontier topics of relativistic quantum information. Here, we analytically study the generation and redistribution of Gaussian entanglement of the scalar fields in an expanding spacetime. We consider a two-mode squeezed state via a Gaussian amplification channel that corresponds to the time-evolution of the state from the asymptotic past to the asymptotic future. Therefore, the dynamical entanglement of the Gaussian state in an expanding universe encodes historical information about the underlying spacetime structure, suggesting a promising application in observational cosmology. We find that quantum entanglement is more sensitive to the expansion rate than the expansion volume. According to the analysis of quantum entanglement, choosing the particles with the smaller momentum and the optimal mass is a better way to extract information about the expanding universe. These results can guide the simulation of the expanding universe in quantum systems.
Shielding of Penrose superradiance in optical black holes
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Zhang Baocheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigate the effect of superradiance shielding for the analogue rotating black holes simulated by optical vortices by calculating the radial motion of massless particles in such spacetime background. We add the conditions$$E<L\Omega _{r_{e}}$$E<LΩreand$$L>0$$L>0to judge the classically forbidden region of superradiance. It is found that the superradiance forbidden region exists near the static limit inside the ergosphere, which will limit the classical Penrose process for the particles with some specific energies and angular momenta. Once these particles satisfying the superradiance conditions are measured at the outside of the ergosphere, this shows that the Penrose process can be quantum.
The value of FDG-PET/CT imaging in the assessment, monitoring, and management of COVID-19
Authors: Griffin Matthew T. , Werner Thomas J. , Alavi Abass , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves cytokine-driven recruitment and accumulation of inflammatory cells at sites of infection. These activated neutrophils, monocytes, and effector T cells are highly glycolytic and thus appear as [18]F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid sites on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. FDG-PET-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is a highly sensitive modality for the detection, monitoring, and assessing response related to COVID-19 disease activity that holds significant clinical relevance. To date, concerns over cost, access, and undue radiation exposure have limited the use of FDG-PET/CT in COVID-19 to a small number of individuals where PET-based interventions were already indicated. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the use of FDG-PET in the detection and monitoring of COVID-19 with particular focus on several areas of clinical relevance that warrant future research: (1) incidental early detection of subclinical COVID-19 in patients who have undergone FDG-PET for other underlying diseases, (2) standardized quantitative assessment of COVID-19 disease burden at specific points in time, and (3) analysis of FDG-PET/CT data leading to better characterization of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Employing FDG-PET/CT for these purposes may allow for the earliest detection of COVID-19-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE), standardized monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment, and better characterization of the acute and chronic complications of this disease.
Alignment & stability challenges for FCC-ee
Authors: Charles Tessa K. , Holzer Bernhard , Tomas Rogelio , Oide Katsunobu , van Riesen-Haupt Léon , Zimmermann Frank 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to achieve its ultra-low vertical emittance (1 pm) and high luminosity (of up to $230 \times 10^{34}\text{ cm}^{-2}\text{ s}^{-1}$
230
×

10

34

cm

−
2

s

−
1

per collision point), the e+e− Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) requires a well-informed alignment strategy, powerful correction methods, and good understanding of the impact of vibrations. The large ring size, high natural chromaticity, small $\beta ^{*}$

β
∗

, and the low coupling ratio make the FCC-ee design susceptible to misalignment and field errors, which if not properly addressed, threaten to increase the horizontal and vertical emittances and adversely affect the luminosity. Tight alignment tolerances around the 100 km ring would be a major cost driver and therefore alignment and stability need to be carefully studied. In this paper we present a status update, in which we apply analytical estimate methods, verified with simulation data, to determine the influence of the alignment of specific magnet types with the result informing the relative alignment tolerances. This is followed by simulations of a correction strategy that includes a large set of magnet misalignments and field errors. Finally, we also consider the tolerances on vibrations of quadrupoles through evaluating three cases: coherent vibration due to external seismic motion, vibrations resonant with the betatron frequency, and non-resonant, incoherent vibration.
Analysis of machine learning classifiers for predicting diabetes mellitus in the preliminary stage
Authors: Atif Mohammad , Anwer Faisal , Talib Faisal , Alam Rizwan , Masood Faraz 
Published: March 2023

Diabetes is the most common disease all over the world and it must be detected early to receive proper treatment, which can prevent the condition from becoming more severe. Automated detection plays an essential role in diabetes early diagnosis. Over the last few decades, many complicated machine learning algorithms and data analysis approaches have been applied for diabetes prediction. To determine the best model for early-stage diabetes prediction, ten different machine learning classifiers have been used in this study. These models were evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, recall, F1-score, negative predictive value (NPV), false positive rate (FPR), rate of misclassification, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The experimental findings indicated that all of the models performed well. Gradient Boosting (GB), with 97.2 percent accuracy, is observed to show the best performance on the early-stage diabetes risk prediction dataset. Random forest (RF) and Adaboost performed similarly to the GB; however, RF and Adaboost's precision was not as good as the GB precision (GB’s).<p> </p>
Resveratrol Preconditioning Mitigates Ischemia-Induced Septal Cholinergic Cell Loss and Memory Impairments
Authors: López-Morales Mikahela A. , Escobar Iris , Saul Isabel , Jackson Charles W. , Ferrier Fernando J. , Fagerli Eric A. , Raval Ami P. , Dave Kunjan R. , Perez-Pinzon Miguel A. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Cholinergic cells originating from the nuclei of the basal forebrain (BF) are critical for supporting various memory processes, yet BF cholinergic cell viability has not been explored in the context of focal cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we examined cell survival within several BF nuclei in rodents following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. We tested the hypothesis that a previously established neuroprotective therapy—resveratrol preconditioning—would rescue BF cell loss, deficits in cholinergic-related memory performance, and hippocampal synaptic dysfunction after focal cerebral ischemia.

Methods:
Adult (2–3-month old) male Sprague-Dawley rats or wild-type C57Bl/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of resveratrol or vehicle and subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion using the intraluminal suture method 2 days later. Histopathological, behavioral, and electrophysiological outcomes were measured 1-week post-reperfusion. Animals with reduction in cerebral blood flow <30% of baseline were excluded.

Results:
Cholinergic cell loss was observed in the medial septal nucleus and diagonal band of Broca following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. This effect was prevented by resveratrol preconditioning, which also ameliorated transient middle cerebral artery occlusion–induced deficits in cognitive performance and hippocampal long-term potentiation.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate for the first time that focal cerebral ischemia induces cholinergic cell death within memory-relevant nuclei of the BF. The preservation of cholinergic cell viability may provide a mechanism by which resveratrol preconditioning improves memory performance and preserves functionality of memory-processing brain structures after focal cerebral ischemia.
Simulation of Atlantic Hurricane Tracks and Features: A Coupled Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Bose Rikhi , Pintar Adam L. , Simiu Emil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to employ machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to obtain, from input data (storm features) available in or derived from the HURDAT2 database, models capable of simulating important hurricane properties (e.g., landfall location and wind speed) consistent with historical records. In pursuit of this objective, a trajectory model providing the storm center in terms of longitude and latitude and intensity models providing the central pressure and maximum 1-min wind speed at 10-m elevation were created. The trajectory and intensity models are coupled and must be advanced together, 6 h at a time, as the features that serve as inputs to the models at any given step depend on predictions at the previous time steps. Once a synthetic storm database is generated, properties of interest, such as the frequencies of large wind speeds, may be extracted from any part of the simulation domain. The coupling of the trajectory and intensity models obviates the need for an intensity decay model inland of the coastline. Prediction results are compared with historical data, and the efficacy of the storm simulation models is evaluated at four sites: New Orleans, Louisiana; Miami, Florida; Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; and Boston, Massachusetts.