bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting the “learning” in “pre-learning”: effects of a self-directed study hall on skill acquisition in a simulation-based central line insertion course
Authors: Diederich Emily , Lineberry Matthew , Schott Vanessa , Broski Julie , Alsayer Ahmed , Eckels Krista A. , Murray Megan J. , Huynh William , Thomas Laura A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundOpportunities to practice procedural skills in the clinical learning environment are decreasing, and faculty time to coach skills is limited, even in simulation-based training. Self-directed learning with hands-on practice early in a procedural skill course might help maximize the benefit of later faculty coaching and clinical experience. However, it may also lead to well-learned errors if learners lack critical guidance. The present study sought to investigate the effects of a hands-on, self-directed “study hall” for central line insertion among first-year residents.MethodsLearner cohorts before vs. after introduction of the study hall (n = 49) were compared on their pre- and post-test performance of key procedural behaviors that were comparable across cohorts, with all learners receiving traditional instructor-led training between tests.ResultsStudy hall participants spent a median of 116 min in hands-on practice (range 57–175). They scored higher at pre-test (44% vs. 27%,p = .00; Cohen’sd = 0.95) and at post-test (80% vs. 72%,p = .02; Cohen’sd = 0.69). A dose–response relationship was found, such that 2 h of study hall were roughly equivalent to the performance improvement seen with four clinical observations or supervised insertions of central lines.ConclusionsSelf-directed, hands-on “study hall” supported improved procedural skill learning in the context of limited faculty availability. Potential additional benefits make the approach worth further experimentation and evaluation.
A disease-specific iPS cell resource for studying rare and intractable diseases
Authors: Saito Megumu K. , Osawa Mitsujiro , Tsuchida Nao , Shiraishi Kotaro , Niwa Akira , Woltjen Knut , Asaka Isao , Ogata Katsuhisa , Ito Suminobu , Kobayashi Shuzo , Yamanaka Shinya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are useful tools for pathological analysis and diagnosis of rare diseases. Given the limited available resources, banking such disease-derived iPSCs and promoting their widespread use would be a promising approach for untangling the mysteries of rare diseases. Herein, we comprehensively established iPSCs from patients with designated intractable diseases in Japan and evaluated their properties to enrich rare disease iPSC resources.

Methods
Patients with designated intractable diseases were recruited for the study and blood samples were collected after written informed consent was obtained from the patients or their guardians. From the obtained samples, iPSCs were established using the episomal method. The established iPSCs were deposited in a cell bank.

Results
We established 1,532 iPSC clones from 259 patients with 139 designated intractable diseases. The efficiency of iPSC establishment did not vary based on age and sex. Most iPSC clones originated from non-T and non-B hematopoietic cells. All iPSC clones expressed key transcription factors, OCT3/4 (range 0.27–1.51; mean 0.79) and NANOG (range 0.15–3.03; mean 1.00), relative to the reference 201B7 iPSC clone.

Conclusions
These newly established iPSCs are readily available to the researchers and can prove to be a useful resource for research on rare intractable diseases.
Osteoporosis-related fractures in men and women with established and early rheumatoid arthritis: predictors and risk compared with the general population
Authors: Theander Lisa , Jacobsson Lennart T.H. , Turesson Carl 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo study the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures in a community-based sample of men and women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) overall, as well as early (< 1 year of disease duration, follow-up time maximum 10 years) and established (RA diagnosis since ≥ 5 years on July 1, 1997) RA, compared with the general population. To study potential risk factors for fractures in patients with RA from baseline questionnaire data.MethodsA community-based cohort of patients with RA (n = 1928) was studied and compared to matched general population controls. Information on osteoporosis-related fractures (hip, proximal upper arm, distal forearm and vertebral fractures) during the period July 1, 1997 to December 31, 2017 was obtained by linkage to the Swedish National Inpatient Register and the Cause of Death Register. The incidence of fractures was estimated in patients and controls. Cox regression models were used to assess the relation between RA and the risk of fractures and to assess potential predictors of fractures in RA patients. Analyses were stratified by sex, and performed in all patients with RA, and in subsets with early and established RA.ResultsThe overall incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures in the RA cohort was 10.6 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 9.31; 12.0). There was an increased risk of fractures overall in both men (hazard ratio (HR) 1.55, 95% CI 1.03; 2.34) and women (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.27; 1.83) with RA compared to controls, with significantly increased risk also in the hip. No increased risk of osteoporosis-related fractures overall was seen in patients with early RA (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.69; 1.49). Higher age, longer duration of RA, higher HAQ scores and higher scores in the visual analogue scale for global health were predictors of fractures.ConclusionBoth men and women with RA were at increased risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. Patients with early RA did not have significantly increased risk during the first 10 years of disease in this study.
Infertility diagnosis and management
Authors: Mansour Hend Abd El-halim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
One of the most stressful problems for married couples is infertility, which is a widespread health issue. It has been defined as a profound life-changing problem that comes with severe psychological stress despite the fact that it is not fatal. The rate of infertility among couples is gradually rising due to postponing childbearing, which is brought on by several social and economic causes.

Main body
Depending on the cause, the length of the couple’s struggle, and the ages of the partners, infertility can be treated medically, surgically, or with modern reproductive assistance (in vitro fertilisation, intrauterine insemination, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and nanotechnology). Fertility issues can be a stressful circumstance in a person’s life with serious psychological repercussions. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia, ciliary disorders, cystic fibrosis, infections, systemic diseases, and diseases connected to lifestyle are the factors that impair fertility in both sexes. Female infertility may be caused by premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Testicular and post-testicular deficits can cause male infertility. Other potential contributing factors include consanguinity, endocrine disrupting substances, and the observed semen reduction throughout time.

Conclusion
One in eight females between the ages of 15 and 49 receives assistance with conception. Although success rates vary by age and diagnosis, many couples receiving treatment for infertility can achieve their fertility objectives with the help of a precise diagnosis, efficient therapy, and shared decision-making. The term “assisted reproductive technology” can facilitate egg fertilisation and aid implantation of the fertilised egg in the uterine lining.
Constraints and insights into the tectonics of the Bayan Obo deposit from the shallow velocity structure
Authors: Zhu Dengda , Wang Jian , He Lanfang , Chen Weiying , Yang Kuifeng , Li Xiaochun , Xue Guoqiang , Fan Hongrui , Xu Ya , Zhang Lili , Huang Song , Wang Yibo , Zhang Jien , Tian Xiaobo , Zhao Liang , Liu Yun , Liu Zhanquan , Zhao Yonggang , Yang Zhanfeng , Li Xianhua 
Published: September 2023

The Bayan Obo deposit in Inner Mongolia is a crucial source of rare earth elements-niobium-iron, with significant economic importance for China. The ore-bearing dolomite is believed to have originated from mantle-derived magma, indicating high prospectivity in the deeper sections. However, the deep distribution of the ore-bearing dolomite remains poorly understood. Here, we develop a 3D S-wave velocity ([Formula: see text]) structure down to 2.5 km depth beneath the Bayan Obo using ambient noise tomography techniques, which used 25 days of continuous waveform data recorded by 312 short-period seismometers. Combined with previous geological, geochemical, and geophysical studies, our results reveal the possible 3D spatial distribution of the ore-bearing dolomite beneath the Bayan Obo. The results indicate that the [Formula: see text] structures beneath the main, east, and west pits change from relatively high-velocity (high-V) zones (with [Formula: see text] of approximately 2.8–3.2 km/s) at shallow depths (depth to approximately 1.5–1.8 km) to significant low-velocity (low-V) zones (with [Formula: see text] < 2.6 km/s) at deeper depths (depth below approximately 1.8 km). We suggest that the content of ore-bearing dolomite may decrease significantly at deeper depths (depth below approximately 1.8 km) beneath these pits, which possibly indicates a diminished prospecting potential there. Our results also indicate a significant high-V zone (with [Formula: see text] > 3.4 km/s) at depths of approximately 1–2.5 km between the main and west pits. Its lithology remains unclear and is proposed to be a key scientific issue in the future to improve our understanding of the ore-controlling structure associated with the tectonic events in the Bayan Obo deposit.
Digital rock advances from a material point method approach for simulation of frame moduli and a sedimentary petrology-inspired method for creation of synthetic samples through simulation of deposition and diagenesis
Authors: Lander Robert H. , Cook Jennie E. , Guilkey James , Kerimov Abdulla , Bonnell Linda M. , Goodwin Laurel B. 
Published: September 2023

We compare hydromechanical simulation results that use two alternative sources of 3D digital rock input: micro-CT analysis and “synthetic rocks” created by using a newly developed process simulation methodology that more rigorously reflects knowledge from sedimentary petrology compared with previous efforts. We evaluate the performance of these alternative representations using St. Peter Sandstone samples where “dry” static bulk modulus ( K) and shear modulus ( G) are simulated using a new extension of the material point method that resolves contacts using high-resolution surface meshes and considers three alternative contact modeling approaches: “purely frictional,” “fully bonded,” and “cohesive zones.” We evaluate the model performance on two samples from the data set with multiple static moduli measurements (sample 1_2: porosity 24.6 vol%, K 10.2–14.7 GPa, and G 11.6–14.0 GPa; sample 11_2: porosity 12.4 vol%, K 13.5–24.6 GPa, and G 12.8–17.9 GPa). Purely frictional results underpredict measured modulus values, whereas fully bonded results overpredict them. Measured values are most closely approximated by results with cohesive zones that consider sets of discrete spring-like features at contacts. In contrast, shear modulus results from finite-element model simulations on structured grids tend to be significantly greater than measured values, particularly for samples with <18 vol% porosity. Permeability values from digital rock-physics simulations for the studied samples are within factors of 2–5 of conventional core analysis measurements (2860 and 58 mD for samples 1_2 and 11_2, respectively). We determine that the process modeling approach (1) accurately reproduces the measured rock microstructure parameters from thin-section analysis, (2) leads to simulation results for dry static moduli and permeability with accuracy comparable to simulations that use micro-CT samples, and (3) provides a rigorous basis for predicting diagenetically induced variations in hydromechanical properties over the range from unconsolidated sand to indurated rock.
The Swedish Kinship Universe: A Demographic Account of the Number of Children, Parents, Siblings, Grandchildren, Grandparents, Aunts/Uncles, Nieces/Nephews, and Cousins Using National Population Registers
Authors: Kolk Martin , Andersson Linus , Pettersson Emma , Drefahl Sven 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Given that surprisingly little is known about the demography of human kinship, we provide a demographic account of the kinship networks of individuals in Sweden in 2017 across sex and cohort between ages 0 and 102. We used administrative register data of the full population of Sweden to provide the first kinship enumeration for a complete population based on empirical data. We created ego-focused kinship networks of children, parents, siblings, grandchildren, grandparents, aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews, and cousins. We show the average number of kin of different types, the distribution of the number of kin, and changes in dispersion over time. A large share of all kin of an individual are horizontal kin, such as cousins. We observe the highest number of kin—on average, roughly 20—around age 35. We show differences between matrilineal and patrilineal kin and differences in the kinship structure arising from fertility with more than one childbearing partner, such as half-siblings. The results demonstrate substantial variability in kinship within a population. We discuss our findings in the context of other methods to estimate kinship.
Wnt9 directs zebrafish heart tube assembly via a combination of canonical and non-canonical pathway signaling
Authors: Paolini Alessio , Sharipova Dinara , Lange Tim , Abdelilah-Seyfried Salim 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
During zebrafish heart formation, cardiac progenitor cells converge at the embryonic midline where they form the cardiac cone. Subsequently, this structure transforms into a heart tube. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control these morphogenetic processes. Here, we use light-sheet microscopy and combine genetic, molecular biological and pharmacological tools to show that the paralogous genes wnt9a/b are required for the assembly of the nascent heart tube. In wnt9a/b double mutants, cardiomyocyte progenitor cells are delayed in their convergence towards the embryonic midline, the formation of the heart cone is impaired and the transformation into an elongated heart tube fails. The same cardiac phenotype occurs when both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways are simultaneously blocked by pharmacological inhibition. This demonstrates that Wnt9a/b and canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling regulate the migration of cardiomyocyte progenitor cells and control the formation of the cardiac tube. This can be partly attributed to their regulation of the timing of cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. Our study demonstrates how these morphogens activate a combination of downstream pathways to direct cardiac morphogenesis.
An acytokinetic cell division creates PIP2-enriched membrane asymmetries leading to slit diaphragm assembly in Drosophila nephrocytes
Authors: Carrasco-Rando Marta , Culi Joaquim , Campuzano Sonsoles , Ruiz-Gómez Mar 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Vertebrate podocytes and Drosophila nephrocytes display slit diaphragms, specialised cell junctions that are essential for the execution of the basic excretory function of ultrafiltration. To elucidate the mechanisms of slit diaphragm assembly we have studied their formation in Drosophila embryonic garland nephrocytes. These cells of mesenchymal origin lack overt apical-basal polarity. We find that their initial membrane symmetry is broken by an acytokinetic cell division that generates PIP2-enriched domains at their equator. The PIP2-enriched equatorial cortex becomes a favourable domain for hosting slit diaphragm proteins and the assembly of the first slit diaphragms. Indeed, when this division is either prevented or forced to complete cytokinesis, the formation of diaphragms is delayed to larval stages. Furthermore, although apical polarity determinants also accumulate at the equatorial cortex, they do not appear to participate in the recruitment of slit diaphragm proteins. The mechanisms we describe allow the acquisition of functional nephrocytes in embryos, which may confer on them a biological advantage similar to the formation of the first vertebrate kidney, the pronephros.
Correlation analysis and clinical significance of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound semi-quantitative grading with bone salt metabolism, Rheumatoid factor and Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Song Pei-ze , Wu Nan , Huo Cong , Wang Xiao-ming 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To determine the correlation and clinical significance of musculoskeletal ultrasound semi-quantitative grading with bone salt metabolism, rheumatoid factor and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: This is a clinical comparative study. A total of 240 patients with rheumatoid arthritis admitted to Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital were selected according to the DAS28 score of rheumatoid arthritis, and were divided into four groups, with 60 cases in each group from May 2020 to May 2022. The differences and correlation of musculoskeletal ultrasound semi-quantitative grading, bone metabolism indicators, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and rheumatoid factor among the four groups were statistically analyzed.
Results: The scores of bone erosion, synovial hyperplasia, joint effusion and intrasynovial blood flow in Group-H were significantly higher than those in Group-R, L and M, with statistically significant differences(p=0.00). The procollagen Type-1 N-terminal propeptide(P1NP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(BALP) and osteoprotegerin(OPG) in Group-H were significantly lower than those in Group-R, L and M, with statistically significant differences(p=0.00); The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAC) in Group-H was significantly higher than that in Group-R, L and M, with a statistically significant difference(p=0.00). The levels of RF and ESR in Group-H were significantly higher than those in Group-R, L and M, with statistically significant differences(p=0.00).
Conclusion: Musculoskeletal ultrasound semi-quantitative grading is correlated with the level of bone salt metabolism, rheumatoid factor and ESR in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It can be combined with laboratory examination to objectively judge the severity of the course of rheumatoid arthritis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7144
How to cite this: Song P, Wu N, Huo C, Wang X. Correlation analysis and clinical significance of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound semi-quantitative grading with bone salt metabolism, Rheumatoid factor and Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7144
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of open and laparoscopic outcomes of adult Type-I congenital choledochal cysts
Authors: Lu Hui , Hou Wailin 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To compare open and laparoscopic outcomes of adult Type-I congenital choledochal cysts.
Methods: Clinical data of 78 adult patients with Type-I congenital choledochal cysts, who had undergone cyst resection and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in Chenzhou First People’s Hospital from September 1, 2021 to August 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who received open approach and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy constituted the open group (n=35,) and patients who received laparoscopic approach and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy were assigned into the laparoscopic group (n=43,). The intraoperative and postoperative conditions, relevant laboratory indicators, and the rate of complications were compared between the two groups.
Results: Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative time to first flatus, diet recovery time, time to drainage tube removal, and length of hospitalization of the laparoscopic group were lower in the laparoscopic group compared to the open group (P<0.05). One day after the operation, serum amylase (SAMY) levels in both groups were significantly lower, while the levels of total bilirubin(TBIL), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and C-reactive protein(CRP) were higher than before the operation. Postoperative SAMY level in the laparoscopic group was significantly higher, while the postoperative TBIL and CRP levels were significantly lower than those in the open group (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the laparoscopy group (4.65%) was significantly lower than the open group (20.00%) (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Laparoscopic cyst resection combined with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is associated with lower extent of trauma, faster recovery, less inflammation, and fewer complications than open surgery in adult patients with Type-I congenital choledochal cysts.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7829
How to cite this: Lu H, Hou W. Comparison of open and laparoscopic outcomes of adult Type-I congenital choledochal cysts. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7829
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.