bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Post-Cold War Promises of Third Party Military Interventions: Implications for Core Human and Political Rights
Authors: Postmus Tessa , Rrustemi Arlinda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Since the end of the Cold War, and especially since the adoption of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine, third party military interventions are only justified in cases of large-scale human rights violations. However, the number of military interventions did not decrease since 1989. A large-N study is done to measure the effect of third party military interventions since 1989 on core human right practices. It is argued that five years after an intervention takes place, there will be less physical harm to citizens. However, the effect on political rights appears to be diminishing. In addition, to contribute to the discussion as to who should intervene, an analysis about the intervener’s political system is included in this article. The results impose important questions and debates, both about the intentions and effects of foreign troops intervening in a conflict, as the conceptualization and cultural debate with regard to human rights violations.
Winter Storm Uri Reduced Availability of Daily Direct-Care Nurse Staff in Texas Nursing Homes
Authors: Jester Dylan J. , Peterson Lindsay J. , Andel Ross , Dosa David M. 
Published: May 2023

We examined the effect of Winter Storm Uri on daily direct-care nurse staffing levels in 1,173 Texas nursing homes (NHs) from February 13th to 19th, 2021. We used data from Payroll-Based Journaling and the Care Compare website. Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the linear and non-linear change in staffing. During Winter Storm Uri, Texas NHs experienced a linear decrease in daily staffing levels with subsequent non-linear increase for registered nurses (RNs; p < .001) and certified nursing assistants (CNAs; p < .001), and staffing increased linearly for licensed practical nurses (LPNs; p < .001). Compared to 1 week before the storm, Texas NHs reported lower staffing levels across all three types of staff, but most dramatically among LPNs and CNAs. In supplemental analyses, urban and lower quality NHs fared slightly poorer than rural and higher-quality NHs. Winter storms pose a particular challenge to NHs and their ability to maintain direct-care nurse staffing levels.
The Two-Bag Method for Management of Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis—Experience With 634 Patients
Authors: Haas Nathan L , Sell Jordan , Cranford James A , Korley Frederick K , Bassin Benjamin S 
Published: May 2023

Purpose To compare key resource utilization and safety outcomes of adult emergency department (ED) patients in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) managed via the Two-Bag or traditional One-Bag method. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective review at an academic medical center ED. Patients were included if >18 years, met diagnostic criteria for DKA (pH ≤ 7.30, bicarbonate ≤ 18 mmol/L, anion gap ≥ 10), and were managed via a standardized order set (either Two-Bag or One-Bag Method). Comparisons used independent-groups t-tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for binary variables. Results We identified 634 patients with DKA managed via the Two-Bag method, and 107 managed via the One-Bag method. Cohorts were similar in demographics and presenting laboratories. The Two-Bag Method was associated with 8.1 h shorter to first bicarbonate >18 mmol/L (11.9 vs 20.0, P < .001), and 24 fewer IV fluid bags (5.3 vs 29.7, P < .001). Incidence of hypokalemia (potassium <3.0 mmol/L) was 53% lower in the Two-Bag cohort (6.6 vs 14.0%, P = .03); incidence of hypoglycemia (glucose <70 mg/dL) was 5.8 versus 10.3%, P = .16. Conclusions For adult ED patients in DKA, the Two-Bag Method was associated with faster resolution of acidosis, fewer IV fluid bags charged, lower incidence of hypokalemia, and trend toward lower incidence of hypoglycemia compared to the One-Bag Method.
An Anti-racism Curriculum for Inclusive Teaching and Learning
Authors: Byrd Marilyn Y. , Scott Chaunda L. 
Published: May 2023

Problem The field of human resource development (HRD) is recognized for its contributions to the body of literature on learning and performance. However, the lack of literature on problems emanating from the social systems (e. g. racism, sexism, ageism, sexual orientation, disability, to name a few) that create a barrier for optimal learning and performance is troubling. In this article, racism is called out as an enduring and pervasive social injustice that has become normalized and encompasses the whole of society as well as those spaces that are frequently occupied each day. Nonetheless the ideology of racism is egregious and continues to threaten individual well-being, dignity, and simply put, rights as a human being. As a program within numerous departments of higher education, the lack of literature that addresses racism and subsequently provide resources for educators is problematic. While it is understood that HRD is an interdisciplinary field that draws from multiple bodies of literature, the lack of contributions from HRD researchers, scholars, and practitioners on a topic that counteracts learning and performance is a problem. Solution HRD is uniquely positioned as a field of practice with an affiliate in higher education. HRD researchers and scholars are often instructors in HRD educational programs. This unique position can hugely impact what is learned and therefore what is practiced in the workplace. We propose a framework for an anti-racism curriculum in HRD educational programs that teaches students, the future workforce, how to recognize and disrupt racism and contribute to building workplaces that are equitable, fair, and psychologically safe. We use critical theory as a conceptual framework for an anti-racism curriculum that teaches students about the continued and pervasive system of racism.
Paralog-specific signaling by IRAK1/4 maintains MyD88-independent functions in MDS/AML
Authors: Bennett Joshua , Ishikawa Chiharu , Agarwal Puneet , Yeung Jennifer , Sampson Avery , Uible Emma , Vick Eric , Bolanos Lyndsey C. , Hueneman Kathleen , Wunderlich Mark , Kolt Amal , Choi Kwangmin , Volk Andrew , Greis Kenneth D. , Rosenbaum Jan , Hoyt Scott B. , Thomas Craig J. , Starczynowski Daniel T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dysregulation of innate immune signaling is a hallmark of hematologic malignancies. Recent therapeutic efforts to subvert aberrant innate immune signaling in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have focused on the kinase IRAK4. IRAK4 inhibitors have achieved promising, though moderate, responses in preclinical studies and clinical trials for MDS and AML. The reasons underlying the limited responses to IRAK4 inhibitors remain unknown. In this study, we reveal that inhibiting IRAK4 in leukemic cells elicits functional complementation and compensation by its paralog, IRAK1. Using genetic approaches, we demonstrate that cotargeting IRAK1 and IRAK4 is required to suppress leukemic stem/progenitor cell (LSPC) function and induce differentiation in cell lines and patient-derived cells. Although IRAK1 and IRAK4 are presumed to function primarily downstream of the proximal adapter MyD88, we found that complementary and compensatory IRAK1 and IRAK4 dependencies in MDS/AML occur via noncanonical MyD88-independent pathways. Genomic and proteomic analyses revealed that IRAK1 and IRAK4 preserve the undifferentiated state of MDS/AML LSPCs by coordinating a network of pathways, including ones that converge on the polycomb repressive complex 2 complex and JAK-STAT signaling. To translate these findings, we implemented a structure-based design of a potent and selective dual IRAK1 and IRAK4 inhibitor KME-2780. MDS/AML cell lines and patient-derived samples showed significant suppression of LSPCs in xenograft and in vitro studies when treated with KME-2780 as compared with selective IRAK4 inhibitors. Our results provide a mechanistic basis and rationale for cotargeting IRAK1 and IRAK4 for the treatment of cancers, including MDS/AML.
A prospective study of chronic postsurgical pain in elderly patients: incidence, characteristics and risk factors
Authors: Jin Juying , Zhang Ting , Xiong Xianwei , Chen Huan , Jiang Yiling , He Shuangyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to the continued growth of surgical procedures in older adults and the significant impact of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), it is crucial to improve our understanding of the occurrence of CPSP as well as the appropriate prevention and treatment. We therefore conducted this study to determine the incidence, characteristics and risk factors of CPSP in elderly patients at both 3 and 6 months after surgery.MethodsElderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) undergoing elective surgery in our institution between April 2018 and March 2020 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Data on demographics, preoperative psychological well-being, intraoperative surgical and anesthesia management, and acute postoperative pain intensity were collected. At 3 and 6 months after surgery, patients received telephone interview and completed the questionnaires regarding chronic pain characteristics, analgesic consumption, and interference of the pain with activities of daily living (ADL).ResultsA total of 1065 elderly patients were followed up for 6 postoperative months and included in final analysis. At 3 and 6 months after operation, the incidence of CPSP was 35.6% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 32.7 − 38.8%] and 21.5% (95% CI 19.0% − 23.9%), respectively. CPSP cause negative impacts on patient’s ADL and most particularly on mood. Neuropathic features were found in 45.1% of the patients with CPSP at 3 months. At 6 months, 31.0% of those with CPSP reported that the pain had neuropathic features. Preoperative anxiety [3 months: Odds ratio (OR) 2.244, 95% CI 1.693 to 2.973; 6 months: OR 2.397, 95% CI 1.745 to 3.294], preoperative depression (3 months: OR 1.709, 95% CI 1.292 to 2.261; 6 months: OR 1.565, 95% CI 1.136–2.156), orthopedic surgery (3 months: OR 1.927, 95% CI 1.112 to 3.341; 6 months: OR 2.484, 95% CI 1.220 to 5.061), higher pain severity on movement within postoperative 24 h (3 months: OR 1.317, 95% CI 1.191 to 1.457; 6 months: OR 1.317, 95% CI 1.177 to 1.475) were associated with a higher risk for CPSP independently at both 3 and 6 months after surgery.ConclusionsCPSP is a common postoperative complication in elderly surgical patients. Preoperative anxiety and depression, orthopedic surgery, and greater intensity of acute postoperative pain on movement are associated with an increased risk for CPSP. It should be kept in mind that developing psychological interventions to reduce anxiety and depression and optimizing the management of acute postoperative pain will be effective in reducing the development of CPSP in this population.
Loss of control eating during pregnancy is associated with excessive gestational weight gain among individuals with overweight and obesity
Authors: Levine Michele D. , Tavernier Rebecca L. Emery , Conlon Rachel P. K. , Grace Jennifer L. , Sweeny Gina M. , Wang Bang , Cheng Yu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) predicts negative health outcomes among individuals with overweight or obesity. Loss of control eating (LOC), the ingestion of food associated with being unable to control eating, is the core psychopathology of binge eating disorders. We evaluated the contribution of LOC to GWG among pregnant individuals with prepregnancy overweight/obesity.

Methods
In a prospective longitudinal study, individuals with prepregnancy BMI ≥ 25 (N = 257) were interviewed monthly to assess LOC and reported demographic, parity, and smoking information. GWG was abstracted from medical records.

Results
Among individuals with prepregnancy overweight/obesity, 39% endorsed LOC prior to or during pregnancy. After adjusting for factors that have previously been linked to GWG, LOC during pregnancy, uniquely predicted higher GWG and greater likelihood of exceeding GWG recommendations. Participants with prenatal LOC gained 3.14 kg (p = 0.03) more than did those without LOC during pregnancy and 78.7% (n = 48/61) exceeded IOM guidelines for GWG. The frequency of LOC episodes was also associated with greater weight gain.

Conclusions
Prenatal LOC is common among pregnant individuals with overweight/obesity and predicts greater GWG and increased likelihood of exceeding IOM GWG guidelines. LOC may represent a modifiable behavioral mechanism to prevent excessive GWG among individuals at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Changes in birth outcomes and utilization of prenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: a secondary analysis of vital statistics in Colombia
Authors: Guarnizo-Herreño Carol C. , Buitrago Giancarlo , Wehby George L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Birth outcomes could have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic through changes in access to prenatal services and other pathways. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on fetal death, birth weight, gestational age, number of prenatal visits, and caesarean delivery in 2020 in Colombia.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of data on 3,140,010 pregnancies and 2,993,534 live births from population-based birth certificate and fetal death certificate records in Colombia between 2016 and 2020. Outcomes were compared separately for each month during 2020 with the same month in 2019 and pre-pandemic trends were examined in regression models controlling for maternal age, educational level, marital status, type of health insurance, place of residence (urban/rural), municipality of birth, and the number of pregnancies the mother has had before last pregnancy.

Results
We found some evidence for a decline in miscarriage risk in some months after the pandemic start, while there was an apparent lagging increase in stillbirth risk, although not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Birth weight increased during the onset of the pandemic, a change that does not appear to be driven by pre-pandemic trends. Specifically, mean birth weight was higher in 2020 than 2019 for births in April through December by about 12 to 21 g (p < 0.01). There was also a lower risk of gestational age at/below 37 weeks in 2020 for two months following the pandemic (April, June), but a higher risk in October. Finally, there was a decline in prenatal visits in 2020 especially in June-October, but no evidence of a change in C-section delivery.

Conclusions
The study findings suggest mixed early effects of the pandemic on perinatal outcomes and prenatal care utilization in Colombia. While there was a significant decline in prenatal visits, other factors may have had counter effects on perinatal health including an increase in birth weight on average.
Implementing an exclusive human milk diet for preterm infants: real-world experience in diverse NICUs
Authors: Swanson Jonathan R. , Becker Amy , Fox Jenny , Horgan Michael , Moores Russell , Pardalos John , Pinheiro Joaquim , Stewart Dan , Robinson Tonya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Human milk–based human milk fortifier (HMB-HMF) makes it possible to provide an exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) to very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Before the introduction of HMB-HMF in 2006, NICUs relied on bovine milk–based human milk fortifiers (BMB-HMFs) when mother's own milk (MOM) or pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) could not provide adequate nutrition. Despite evidence supporting the clinical benefits of an EHMD (such as reducing the frequency of morbidities), barriers prevent its widespread adoption, including limited health economics and outcomes data, cost concerns, and lack of standardized feeding guidelines.

Methods
Nine experts from seven institutions gathered for a virtual roundtable discussion in October 2020 to discuss the benefits and challenges to implementing an EHMD program in the NICU environment. Each center provided a review of the process of starting their program and also presented data on various neonatal and financial metrics associated with the program. Data gathered were either from their own Vermont Oxford Network outcomes or an institutional clinical database. As each center utilizes their EHMD program in slightly different populations and over different time periods, data presented was center-specific. After all presentations, the experts discussed issues within the field of neonatology that need to be addressed with regards to the utilization of an EHMD in the NICU population.

Results
Implementation of an EHMD program faces many barriers, no matter the NICU size, patient population or geographic location. Successful implementation requires a team approach (including finance and IT support) with a NICU champion. Having pre-specified target populations as well as data tracking is also helpful. Real-world experiences of NICUs with established EHMD programs show reductions in comorbidities, regardless of the institution’s size or level of care. EHMD programs also proved to be cost effective. For the NICUs that had necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) data available, EHMD programs resulted in either a decrease or change in total (medical + surgical) NEC rate and reductions in surgical NEC. Institutions that provided cost and complications data all reported a substantial cost avoidance after EHMD implementation, ranging between $515,113 and $3,369,515 annually per institution.

Conclusions
The data provided support the initiation of EHMD programs in NICUs for very preterm infants, but there are still methodologic issues to be addressed so that guidelines can be created and all NICUs, regardless of size, can provide standardized care that benefits VLBW infants.
The role of self-efficacy and parental communication in the association between cyber victimization and depression among adolescents and young adults: a structural equation model
Authors: Maurya Chanda , Muhammad T. , Das Ayushi , Fathah Abdul , Dhillon Preeti 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
With the rapid advancement and revolutionization of information and communication technologies, adolescents and young adults use smartphones, the internet, and social networking services more frequently, as a result, the problem of cyber-bullying sharply increases, and eventually it causes psychological issues and negative thoughts in the victims. This study aimed to examine the role of self-efficacy and parental communication in the relationship between cyber victimization and depression among adolescents and young adults in India.

Methods
Secondary data analysis was performed on a cross-sectional dataset obtained from the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) wave 2 survey. The sample included 16,292 adolescent and young adult boys and girls aged 12–23 years. Karl Pearson Correlation coefficient analysis was done to examine the correlation between outcome variable (depressive symptoms), mediator variables (self-efficacy and parental communication) and key explanatory variable (cyber victimization). Further, structural equation modeling technique was applied to examine the hypothesized pathways.

Results
Adolescents and young adults being victims of cyber-bullying [β = 0.1357, p < 0.001] and those witnessed inter-parental violence were positively [β = 0.0026, p < 0.001] correlated with depressive symptoms. Self-efficacy and parental communication were negatively related to depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults. There was a significant positive relationship between cyber victimization [β = 0.258, p < 0.001] and depressive symptoms. Cyber victimization was positively related to self-efficacy [β = 0.043, p < 0.001] among adolescents and young adults. Self-efficacy [β= -0.150, p < 0.001] and parental communication [β=-0.261, p < 0.001] reduced depressive symptoms among the participants.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that adolescents and young adults who are victims of cyber-bully may have depressive symptoms and their mental health can be improved through the enhancement of self-efficacy and increased parental communication. Improved peer attitudes and familial support for empowering cyber victims should be taken into account while framing programs and interventions.
Trends in the utilisation of skilled birth attendance among pregnant women in Benin, from 2001 to 2017-2018, and projections to 2030
Authors: Talon Pascaline Yvonne , Saizonou Jacques , Kpozèhouen Alphonse , Zannou Robert Franck , Ouendo Edgard-Marius 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Skilled birth attendance during childbirth is known to promote better pregnancy outcomes as well as contribute to maternal and newborn survival. The study aimed to analyse the progress in the use of skilled birth attendance by pregnant women over the last two decades (2001 to 2017–2018) in Benin, and then to make projections to 2030.

Methods
A secondary analysis was made using Benin's Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) databases. The study population were i) women of 15–49 years of age who were successfully surveyed and usually resided in the households visited during DHS-II, DHS-III, DHS-IV and DHS-V, ii) and had had at least one live birth in the five years preceding each of these surveys. For each DHS, the corresponding proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel was determined. The study then generated the Annual Percent Change (APC) between each survey and globally, and projections were made to 2030.

Results
Nationally, the percentage of women who gave birth attended by skilled health personnel was 67.39% in 2001, 76.10% in 2006, 80.87% in 2011–2012, and 79.12% in 2017–2018; this represents an APC = 0.98% between 2001 and 2017–2018. If the historical rate of progression is maintained, it is expected that by 2030, 89.35% of pregnant women will be using skilled birth attendance services.

Conclusion
Efforts are needed to understand the drivers of skilled birth attendance among pregnant women to adopt appropriate strategies.
Fatal, non-fatal burden of cancer in the elderly in China, 2005–2016: a nationwide registry-based study
Authors: Ma Zhen-Rong , Lin Kang-Qian , Guo Hong , Yang Kai-Yue , Cao Miao , Song Xi , Jia Huai-Miao , Hu Yun-Hua , Yan Yi-Zhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
As populations age, cancer burden becomes increasingly conspicuous. This study quantified the cancer burden of the elderly (≥ 60 years) in China, based on the China Cancer Registry Annual Report to provide epidemiological evidence for cancer prevention and control.

Methods
Data on cancer cases and deaths among the elderly aged ≥ 60 years were collected from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report, 2008–2019. Potential years of life lost (PYLL) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) were calculated to analyze fatalities and the non-fatal burden. The time trend was analyzed using the Joinpoint model.

Results
From 2005 to 2016, the PYLL rate of cancer in the elderly was stable between 45.34‰ and 47.62‰, but the DALY rate for cancer decreased at an average annual rate of 1.18% (95% CI: 0.84–1.52%). The non-fatal cancer burden in the rural elderly was higher than that of the urban elderly. Lung, gastric, liver, esophageal, and colorectal cancers were the main cancers causing the cancer burden in the elderly, and accounted for 74.3% of DALYs. The DALY rate of lung cancer in females in the 60–64 age group increased (annual percentage change [APC] = 1.14%, 95% CI: 0.10–1.82%). Female breast cancer was one of the top five cancers in the 60–64 age group, with DALY rates that also increased (APC = 2.17%, 95% CI: 1.35–3.01%). With increasing age, the burden of liver cancer decreased, while that of colorectal cancer rose.

Conclusions
From 2005 to 2016, the cancer burden in the elderly in China decreased, mainly reflected in the non-fatal burden. Female breast and liver cancer were a more serious burden in the younger elderly, while colorectal cancer burden was mainly observed in the older elderly.