bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of soil water content using spherical smart aggregates based on electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique
Authors: Lan Chengming , Zhuang Shuo , Han Song , Wang Jianjun , Li Weijie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Real-time monitoring of soil water content is of great significance to prevent many engineering accidents, such as landslide, water seepage of foundation dam, and reduction of foundation bearing capacity. Electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique based smart aggregates (SAs) have showed excellent monitoring capability in various engineering applications. However, there are limited reports on the application of EMI based SAs in the monitoring of the soil water content. In this paper, the EMI based spherical SAs (SSAs) were investigated in the monitoring of soil water content. Firstly, the SSAs were designed and fabricated using the monolithic concrete encapsulation method, and their stable performance in air were evaluated, and confirmed by testing and analyzing the impedance spectrum. Then, the fabricated SSAs were immersed in the water environment for 28 d to ensure the stability under the working conditions, such as the soil with high water content and the hydration process of early-age concrete. Secondly, the monitoring experiments of soil water content were carried out based on the SSAs and the traditional SAs using the EMI technique. The measured impedance signatures under different water contents in soil were quantified by three types of statistical indexes, including root mean square deviation, mean absolute percentage deviation, and correlation coefficient deviation. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional SAs, the SSAs are more sensitive and stable to monitor the soil water content. Finally, the effect of temperature on the performance of SSA based on the EMI technique were conducted experimentally. The results demonstrate that temperature has influence on the monitoring results of the SSAs based on the EMI technique.
Generalized chemical model for plasmas with application to the ionization potential depression
Authors: Davletov A E , Arkhipov Yu V , Mukhametkarimov Ye S , Yerimbetova L T , Tkachenko I M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
On the basis of the generalized Poisson–Boltzmann equation derived from the Bogolyubov chain of equations for the equilibrium distribution functions in the pair correlation approximation, a general expression is proposed for the Helmholtz free energy of a system that contains any number of components and whose particles interact via arbitrary potentials. This opens up an extraordinary opportunity to simultaneously treat a whole range of physical effects including partial ionization, quantum effects of diffraction and electron degeneracy, short- and long-range interactions of charged particles with neutrals, finite size effects, etc. It is shown that all medium constituents are tied together in a single screening matrix, whose determinant and trace determine the excess contribution to the free energy. The approach developed is then applied to the problem of the ionization potential depression (IPD) leading to quite simple analytical expressions, which turn out to be useful for various practical purposes. In particular, for a single ionization from the neutral state the IPD is shown to significantly depend on the ionization degree such that it consists of the difference of charged and neutral contributions for a fully ionized plasma and turns non-zero for an almost neutral medium. On the other hand, for a multiple ionization process finite size effects of atoms and ions are demonstrated to be of great importance and accounted for in order to achieve good agreement with experimental data on the IPD under warm dense matter conditions.
Aharonov–Bohm effect with an effective complex-valued vector potential
Authors: Paiva Ismael L , Aharonov Yakir , Tollaksen Jeff , Waegell Mordecai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The interaction between a quantum charge and a dynamic source of a magnetic field is considered in the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) scenario. It is shown that, in weak interactions with a post-selection of the source, the effective vector potential is, generally, complex-valued. This leads to new experimental protocols to detect the AB phase before the source is fully encircled. While this does not necessarily change the nonlocal status of the AB effect, it brings new insights into it. Moreover, we discuss how these results might have consequences for the correspondence principle, making complex vector potentials relevant to the study of classical systems.
Zero-threshold correlated-photon laser with a single trapped atom in a bimodal cavity
Authors: Dey Anushree , Pal Arpita , Dutta Gupta Subhasish , Deb Bimalendu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate theoretically the feasibility of correlated entangled photon-pair generation with vanishing threshold in a bimodal cavity setup that uses a single V-type three level atom pumped by dual incoherent sources and driven by two coherent fields. The photon-pair is shown to be entangled only for low levels of the incoherent pumps and owes its origin solely to the coherent drives. Our results show that the dual incoherent pumping with no coherent drive can lead to amplification of the cavity fields with strong inter-mode antibunching but no entanglement. We analyse our results in terms of an interplay between coherent and incoherent processes involving cavity-dressed states. Both the inter- and intra-mode Hanbury–Brown–Twiss (HBT) functions exhibit temporal oscillations in the strong-coupling cavity QED regime. Our theoretical scheme for the generation of nonclassical and entangled photon pairs may find interesting applications in quantum metrology and quantum information science.
Room-temperature exciton-polariton and photonic lasing in GaN/InGaN core-shell microrods
Authors: Li Junchao , Chen Huanqing , Yu Guo , Lei Menglai , Li Shunkun , Hu Xiaodong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Room-temperature exciton-polariton is observed in GaN/InGaN core–shell microrods grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. We demonstrate a large Rabi splitting in the core–shell microrod structure over 265 meV. Room-temperature lasing in core–shell microrods is confirmed by power-dependent photoluminescence spectra. The lasing in the shell layer results to a modulated lasing wavelength and takes one step further to more stable polariton lasing in MQW core–shell microrods.
Defects detection in dentistry: designing a graphene multi-layered based plasmonic sensor
Authors: Tamang Jitendra Singh , Chatterjee Somenath , Dhar Rudra Sankar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dental Restorative materials play a very important role in solving the issue of sensitivity in human teeth. Many such materials, based on their respective optical properties, are considered for various usages viz. cavity treatment, reparation of cracked or broken teeth, detection of plaque formation, etc Another way is to deal with different restorative materials for dentistry application which should be ideal and appropriate. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), being an optical phenomenon, has the capability to analyze the optical properties which may be used for Bio-medical Applications also. Considering the adsorption efficiency (to bio-molecules) of Graphene material can be applied for detecting any plaque formation in the essential components of a human teeth viz. Enamel, Dentin and Cementum. Sensitivity, Figure of Merit (F.O.M.) calculations and the correlation between refractive index of different dental restorative materials and their concentration percentage have been tabulated in this manuscript. SPR curves have been obtained using MATLAB environment and Characteristic Transfer Matrix (CTM). A new theoretical approach to detect the teeth-health with harm free (without X-ray source) technique has been proposed. A new technique is considered to determine the quality (cavity formation and others) of teeth-hygiene using less health-hazard radiation. LASER beam-based SPR phenomenon is projected here to identify the tooth condition, which may be implemented for the application purpose.
Deep learning-based approach for detection of turbulence-induced distortions in free-space optical communication links
Authors: Bakır Halit , Elmabruk Kholoud 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study aims to develop a deep-learning-based approach that is able to detect turbulence-induced mode distortion in orbital angular momentum-based free-space optical communication links. The proposed and tuned deep learning-based models have been trained with a dataset that is created based on the intensity beam profiles that propagate 5 Km in four different levels of turbulent atmosphere. The random search algorithm has been adopted for conducting a hyperparameter tuning process to select the best structures for two groups of deep learning models each of which contains three different deep learning models. The proposed approach is able to not only distinguish the distorted beams but also to recognize the level of distortion. The obtained results indicate that the utilized tuned models gave 100% classification accuracy in terms of detecting distorted beams. Besides that, the proposed and tuned models obtained a very high classification accuracy reaching 97, 94.99, and 97.78% in terms of assessing the amount of distortion exposed by the transmitted beams. We believe that the obtained results will be a milestone in free-space optical communication systems that utilize orbital angular momentum.
Ge3Sb2Te6-based mid-infrared metasurfaces for polarization control and wavefront steering
Authors: Sun Chaoyan , He Canhui , Nie Ruixing , Zhang Runxuan , Song Zhengyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBenefiting from excellent properties in wavefront control, germanium antimony telluride (GeSbTe)-based photonic devices provide new opportunities for manipulating electromagnetic wave. In this paper, Ge3Sb2Te6meta-atoms are presented to realize polarization switching for mid-infrared wave through the state transition from the crystalline Ge3Sb2Te6to the amorphous Ge3Sb2Te6. When the crystalline Ge3Sb2Te6is involved, the proposed meta-atoms with 90° phase shift achieve high-efficiency polarization conversion and 360° phase coverage. As Ge3Sb2Te6is changed to the amorphous state, phase coverage drops to only 36°, and most of the cross-polarized wave vanishes. Using these designed meta-atoms, three metasurfaces are implemented at 76.5 THz. Firstly, a gradient metasurface is constructed, and it dynamically switches between specular reflection and anomalous reflection. Next, a reflective metalens is proposed to realize switching between focusing and defocusing under different states of Ge3Sb2Te6. Lastly, a focused vortex beam is presented to reconstruct the mode of orbital angular momentum (OAM). All designs realize the switching between cross-polarization and co-polarization. Our work could have possible applications in fields such as mid-infrared switching, focusing, and wireless communication.
Effect of phthalocyanine-based charge transport layers on unleaded KSnI3 perovskite solar cell
Authors: Pindolia Grishma , Shinde Satyam M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The implementation and commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are hindered due to the presence of toxic lead. Metal phthalocyanines (MPc) have been studied extensively as charge transport layers (CTLs) in PSCs due to their desirable properties such as thermal and chemical robustness, and low production cost. In the present work, a theoretical study of the effect of phthalocyanine-based CTLs on a non-leaded KSnI3-based PSC is carried out using SCAPS software. The defect concentration of the layers and the interfaces, doping density and thickness of the layers, shunt, and series resistance of the device is optimized. Carbon is suggested as an affordable alternative to the state of art back contact material, gold. The stability of this device with temperature is also established. The optimized solar cell showed an excellent fill factor (FF) of 86.51% with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.91% and an excellent quantum efficiency (QE) ranging from 99.42%(400 nm) to 72.02%(660 nm) in the visible region. The present study highlights the enhanced performance parameters of leadless KSnI3-based PSC with phthalocyanine-based CTLs as compared to the state-of-art CTLs, TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD reported in previous literature with a PCE and FF of 9.776% and 36.139% respectively.
Probing axions through tomography of anisotropic cosmic birefringence
Authors: Greco Alessandro , Bartolo Nicola , Gruppuso Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCosmic birefringence is the in-vacuo rotation of the linear polarization plane experienced by photons of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation when theoretically well-motivated parity-violating extensions of Maxwell electromagnetism are considered. If the angle parametrizing such a rotation is dependent on the photon's direction, then this phenomenon is called Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence (ACB). In this paper, we perform for the first time a tomographic treatment of the ACB, by considering photons emitted both at the recombination and reionization epoch. This allows one to extract additional and complementary information about the physical source of cosmic birefringence with respect to the isotropic case. We focus here on the case of an axion-like field χ, whose coupling with the electromagnetic sector induces such a phenomenon, by using an analytical and numerical approach (which involves a modification of theCLASScode). We find that the anisotropic component of cosmic birefringence exhibits a peculiar behavior: an increase of the axion mass implies an enhancement of the anisotropic amplitude, allowing to probe a wider range of masses with respect to the purely isotropic case. Moreover, we show that at large angular scales, the interplay between the reionization and recombination contributions to ACB is sensitive to the axion mass, so that at sufficiently low multipoles, for sufficiently light masses, the reionization contribution overtakes the recombination one, making the tomographic approach to cosmic birefringence a promising tool for investigating the properties of this axion-like field.
A fast blind source separation algorithm for decomposing ultrafast ultrasound images into spatiotemporal muscle unit kinematics
Authors: Rohlén Robin , Lundsberg Jonathan , Malesevic Nebojsa , Antfolk Christian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. Ultrasound can detect individual motor unit (MU) activity during voluntary isometric contractions based on their subtle axial displacements. The detection pipeline, currently performed offline, is based on displacement velocity images and identifying the subtle axial displacements. This identification can preferably be made through a blind source separation (BSS) algorithm with the feasibility of translating the pipeline from offline to online. However, the question remains how to reduce the computational time for the BSS algorithm, which includes demixing tissue velocities from many different sources, e.g. the active MU displacements, arterial pulsations, bones, connective tissue, and noise. Approach. This study proposes a fast velocity-based BSS (velBSS) algorithm suitable for online purposes that decomposes velocity images from low-force voluntary isometric contractions into spatiotemporal components associated with single MU activities. The proposed algorithm will be compared against spatiotemporal independent component analysis (stICA), i.e. the method used in previous papers, for various subjects, ultrasound- and EMG systems, where the latter acts as MU reference recordings. Main results. We found that the computational time for velBSS was at least 20 times less than for stICA, while the twitch responses and spatial maps extracted from stICA and velBSS for the same MU reference were highly correlated (0.96 ± 0.05 and 0.81 ± 0.13). Significance. The present algorithm (velBSS) is computationally much faster than the currently available method (stICA) while maintaining the same performance. It provides a promising translation towards an online pipeline and will be important in the continued development of this research field of functional neuromuscular imaging.
Spectroscopic measurement of increases in hydrogen molecular rotational temperature with plasma-facing surface temperature and due to collisional-radiative processes in tokamaks
Authors: Yoneda N. , Shikama T. , Scotti F. , Hanada K. , Iguchi H. , Idei H. , Onchi T. , Ejiri A. , Ido T. , Kono K. , Peng Y. , Osawa Y. , Yatomi G. , Kidani A. , Kudo M. , Hiraka R. , Takeda K. , Bell R.E. , Maan A. , Boyle D.P. , Majeski R. , Soukhanovskii V.A. , Groth M. , McLean A.G. , Wilcox R.S. , Lasnier C. , Nakamura K. , Nagashima Y. , Ikezoe R. , Hasegawa M. , Kuroda K. , Higashijima A. , Nagata T. , Shimabukuro S. , Niiya I. , Sekiya I. , Hasuo M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Spatially resolved rotational temperature of ground state hydrogen molecules desorbed from plasma-facing surface was measured in QUEST, LTX-β, and DIII-D tokamaks, and the increases of the rotational temperature with the surface temperature and due to collisional-radiative processes in the plasmas were evaluated. The increase due to collisional-radiative processes was calculated by solving rate equations considering electron and proton collisional excitation and deexcitation and spontaneous emission. The calculation results suggest a high sensitivity for the rotational temperature to electron and proton densities, but a negligible sensitivity to the electron, proton, and surface temperatures. In the three tokamaks with different plasma parameters and plasma-facing surface materials, the spatial profile of the rotational temperature was estimated using Fulcher-α emission lines (600–608 nm). In QUEST, the spatial profile of the rotational temperature was estimated from spatially resolved spectra. In the other tokamaks, the rotational temperature was evaluated assuming a single point emission with a location determined from the Fulcher-α emission profile as measured with a filtered camera. In metal-walled devices QUEST and LTX-β, the rotational temperature increased with the surface temperature, and the calculated collisional-radiative increase is consistent with measured increase assuming that the rotational temperature at the surface is approximately 500–600 K higher than the surface temperature. In DIII-D with carbon walls, a larger collisional-radiative increase than the other tokamaks was observed because of the higher density leading to a large difference from the calculated increase compared to the other smaller tokamaks. Measurement of the Fulcher-α emission profile with higher spatial resolution in DIII-D may reduce the difference and reveal the effect of the surface temperature on the rotational temperature. These results show the increases in the rotational temperature with the surface temperature and due to the collisional-radiative processes.
Quantum optics with Rydberg superatoms
Authors: Kumlin Jan , Braun Christoph , Tresp Christoph , Stiesdal Nina , Hofferberth Sebastian , Paris-Mandoki Asaf 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Quantum optics based on highly excited atoms, also known as Rydberg atoms, has cemented itself as a powerful platform for the manipulation of light at the few-photon level. The Rydberg blockade, resulting from the strong interaction between individual Rydberg atoms, can turn a large ensemble of atoms into a system which collectively resembles a single two-level emitter, a so-called Rydberg superatom. The coupling of this artificial emitter to a driving photonic mode is collectively enhanced by Rydberg interactions, enabling strong coherent coupling at the few-photon level in free-space. The exquisite level of control achievable through this has already demonstrated its utility in applications of quantum computing and information processing. Here, we review the derivation of the collective coupling between a Rydberg superatom and a single light mode and discuss the similarity of this free-space setup to waveguide quantum electrodynamics systems of quantum emitters coupled to photonic waveguides. We also briefly review applications of Rydberg superatoms to quantum optics such as single-photon generation and single-photon subtraction.
Seems fishy: environmental DNA impacts on sketa22 quality control in salmonidae dominated waterbodies using qPCR and ddPCR
Authors: Hart John J , Tardani Renee A , Ruetz Carl R , Rediske Richard R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Globally, water resources used for recreation and drinking water are threatened by fecal pollution. These pollutants can cause gastrointestinal illness and environmental degradation. Additionally, most sources of fecal pollution are non-point sources stemming from multiple species. Identifying these sources is vital to categorizing the exposure risk from contact and improving remediation efforts. A common technique to provide species-specific information for fecal source identification is microbial source tracking (MST). MST quantifies DNA of host or host-associated microorganisms through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technologies such as quantitative PCR (qPCR) or droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). MST techniques have been implemented globally and are used for routine monitoring. In the United States (US), the US Environmental Protection Agency has provided several approved standard PCR methods for MST and other recreational water quality applications. These methods have specified quality controls including sample processing controls (SPC) and assessments for sample inhibition. A standard SPC used in EPA methods involves spiking samples with salmon testes DNA (nominally originating from Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta and quantifying them using Sketa22, a genus specific TaqManTM assay). This quality control (QC) behaves similarly to the microbial species being monitored. MST testing in Fall 2022 indicated elevated Sketa22 recoveries and re-analysis of samples indicated the detection of external Salmonidae DNA on both qPCR and ddPCR platforms. Our research was designed to identify the cause of this interference. Results indicate that the primer probe set may react with wild Salmonidae DNA. Analyzing the Sketa22 sequence using BLAST indicated matches with many species of Salmonidae present in the sampled stream system. Consequently, further research is required to identify the effectiveness of Sketa22 as a QC when native and migratory Salmonidae are present. General recommendations are provided to account for excess ambient Salmonidae DNA.