bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of nanomagnetite/copper oxide/potassium carrageenan nanocomposite for the adsorption and Photo-Fenton degradation of Safranin-O: kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Hassan Asaad. F. , Alshandoudi Laila M. , Awad Aya M. , Mustafa Ahmed A. , Esmail Ghada 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the current study, a novel nanomaterial called nanomagnetite/copper oxide/potassium carrageenan nanocomposite (MKCO) was fabricated to include Fenton (nanomagnetite, NM) and Fenton-like reagent (copper oxide nanoparticles, NCO) in a matrix of potassium carrageenan biopolymer. The prepared solid materials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques, such as TGA, N2 adsorption/desorption, SEM, TEM, XRD, DRS, pHPZC, and FTIR. The prepared MKCO showed unique properties like higher specific surface area of 652.50 m2/g, pore radius of 1.19 nm, pHPZC equals 7.80, and the presence of different surface chemical functional groups. Under various application conditions, comparative experiments between Safranin-O dye (SO) adsorption and Photo-Fenton catalytic degradation were conducted. After 24 h, MKCO had a maximum adsorption capacity of 384.61 mg/g at 42 °C, while the Photo-Fenton oxidation process took only 10 min to totally decompose 93% of SO at 21 °C. Based on the higher values of correlation coefficients, Langmuir’s adsorption model is the best-fitted adsorption model for SO onto all the prepared solid materials. Studies on SO adsorption’s kinetics and thermodynamics show that it is physisorption and that it operates according to endothermic, spontaneous, and PFO model processes. While, PFO, endothermic, and non-spontaneous processes are satisfied by the catalytic decomposition of SO. After five application cycles, MKCO demonstrated good catalyst reusability with a 3.4% decrease in degrading efficiency. For lower contaminant concentrations and shorter application times, Photo-Fenton catalytic degradation of organic pollutants is more effective than adsorption.

Graphical abstract
Fenton and Photo-Fenton degradation of Safranin-O
Well-posedness for a stochastic Camassa–Holm type equation with higher order nonlinearities
Authors: Miao Yingting , Rohde Christian , Tang Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper aims at studying a generalized Camassa–Holm equation under random perturbation. We establish a local well-posedness result in the sense of Hadamard, i.e., existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence on initial data, as well as blow-up criteria for pathwise solutions in the Sobolev spaces $$H^s$$

H
s

with $$s>3/2$$

s
>
3
/
2

for $$x\in \mathbb R$$

x
∈
R

. The analysis on continuous dependence on initial data for nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations has gained less attention in the literature so far. In this work, we first show that the solution map is continuous. Then we introduce a notion of stability of exiting time. We provide an example showing that one cannot improve the stability of the exiting time and simultaneously improve the continuity of the dependence on initial data. Finally, we analyze the regularization effect of nonlinear noise in preventing blow-up. Precisely, we demonstrate that global existence holds true almost surely provided that the noise is strong enough.
Computational Efficient Modeling of Supersolidus Liquid Phase Sintering in Multi-component Alloys for ICME Applications
Authors: Molla Tesfaye T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the challenges in computational design of pre-alloyed powders for sintering is the absence of predictive, efficient, and fast acting models that enable the design space of alloys to be tractable. This study presents an efficient and predictive model to simulate the densification as well as shape distortion of pre-alloyed powder compacts during supersolidus liquid phase sintering (SLPS). The model combines the generalized viscous theory of sintering with microstructural models for diffusional creep accommodated by viscous grain boundary sliding. Critical model parameters are obtained from thermodynamic modeling based on the calculation of phase diagrams (CalPhaD) and simulations of diffusional transformations in metals. The model is validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data from the literature for various types of engineering alloys. In addition, a processing window for defect free sintering of samples is presented by defining a microstructural softening parameter for a sintering body. The model can be used in the design of pre-alloyed powders for SLPS within the context of an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) frameworks.
Validation of a Farsi version of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (F-EPSI) among Iranian adolescents
Authors: Sahlan Reza N. , Saunders Jessica F. , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Limited research has validated eating pathology assessments in Iranian adolescent boys and girls. In particular, the measures that have been validated do not capture both boys’ and girls’ eating behaviors in adolescence. The purpose of the current study was to validate a Farsi version of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (F-EPSI) for use in Iranian adolescents.

Methods
Participants (N = 913; 85.3% girls) were adolescents who completed a battery of questionnaires including the F-EPSI. In addition, F-EPSI data for Iranian adolescents were compared with those of previously published data of adult Iranian college students.

Results
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that the F-EPSI had an acceptable fit to the data and supported the eight-factor model. The scale was invariant by gender, weight status, eating disorder, and age groups. Boys reported higher scores than girls on the Excessive Exercise, Muscle Building, Body Dissatisfaction, and Binge Eating subscales. Adolescents with higher weight and eating disorder symptoms endorsed higher scores on the F-EPSI subscales. Older adolescents and adults reported higher scores than younger adolescents and adolescents, respectively. Adolescents had higher scores than adults on Restricting and Excessive Exercise subscales. The F-EPSI demonstrated good convergent validity through correlations with other eating pathology symptoms. The F-EPSI subscales were associated with depression and body mass index (zBMI) in expected directions that indicate criterion validity of the scale.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that the F-EPSI is a reliable and valid measure in Iranian non-clinical adolescents. The F-EPSI will enable researchers to examine a broad array of eating pathology symptoms in adolescents for whom Farsi is their official language.

Level of evidence
Level V; Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Synergistically assembled RGO/Si3N4 whiskers hybrid aerogels to endow epoxy composites with excellent thermal and tribological performance
Authors: Zhou Yongjun , Zhang Yuanya , Liu Meng , Wang Yanling , Yuan Junya , Men Xuehu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpoxy resin (EP) composites with satisfactory thermal and tribological performance are highly required for engineering moving components. However, the simple addition of fillers leaded to the serious filler agglomeration and limited promotion in tribological properties. In this work, we constructed a new kind of three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Si3N4 hybrid aerogel for EP composites, which was prepared by a facile hydrothermal self-assembly method followed by freeze-drying technique. As a result, the dispersibility of Si3N4 whiskers was greatly improved through wrapping of polydopamine—polyethyleneimine copolymer (PDA—PEI) copolymer and physical spacing of 3D skeleton. Furthermore, benefiting from the synergistic effect of RGO and Si3N4@PDA—PEI in the thermal network, the thermal conductivity of RGO/Si3N4 hybrid aerogel (GSiA)—EP increased by 45.4% compared to that of the neat EP. In addition, the friction coefficient and wear rate of GSiA—EP decreased by 83.7% and 35.8%, respectively. This work is significant for opening a tribological performance enhancement strategy though constructing 3D hybrid architecture.
RDQN: ensemble of deep neural network with reinforcement learning in classification based on rough set theory for digital transactional fraud detection
Authors: Tekkali Chandana Gouri , Natarajan Karthika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAll financial sectors are facing the most common frauds, which are digital transactional frauds. Fraudsters have always engaged in illegal activities such as stealing personal information and logging in with unauthorised credentials. Many machine learning algorithms predict whether the transaction is factual or nonfactual but fail to decrease the processing time. Hybrid models are used in this case to identify the fraud in a quick and efficient manner. This article demarcates to construct a novel model, RDQN, i.e., deep reinforcement learning, that combines with the rough set theory. This article has three steps, including data pre-processing to determine the quality of the data, which affects the learning ability of the model, determining the structural relationship and gaining useful features from the data set using rough set theory, and doing a hybridization of DNN (deep neural network) and Q learning, which is called DQN. It uses the MISH activation function and the ReLU activation function in different layers for training dynamics in the neural network. The proposed model classifies and predicts that the transaction belongs to the category implemented by the agents by activating the reward function. The reinforcement-learning agent’s performance improves based on reward assessment. This reward function gives a more precise value for each transaction, and no fraudster can escape from the agent’s sight. This novel approach improves accuracy and reduces processing time by considering the best feature selection during the process.
Differentiable channel pruning guided via attention mechanism: a novel neural network pruning approach
Authors: Cheng Hanjing , Wang Zidong , Ma Lifeng , Wei Zhihui , Alsaadi Fawaz E. , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeural network pruning offers great prospects for facilitating the deployment of deep neural networks on computational resource limited devices. Neural architecture search (NAS) provides an efficient way to automatically seek appropriate neural architecture design for compressed model. It is observed that, for existing NAS-based pruning methods, there is usually a lack of layer information when searching the optimal neural architecture. In this paper, we propose a new NAS approach, namely, differentiable channel pruning method guided via attention mechanism (DCP-A), where the adopted attention mechanism is able to provide layer information to guide the optimization of the pruning policy. The training process is differentiable with Gumbel-softmax sampling, while parameters are optimized under a two-stage training procedure. The neural network block with the shortcut is dedicatedly designed, which is of help to prune the network not only on its width but also on its depth. Extensive experiments are performed to verify the applicability and superiority of the proposed method. Detailed analysis with visualization of the pruned model architecture shows that our proposed DCP-A learns explainable pruning policies.
Fibrous MXene Aerogels with Tunable Pore Structures for High-Efficiency Desalination of Contaminated Seawater
Authors: Wu Fan , Qiang Siyu , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Jiao Wenling , Liu Lifang , Yu Jianyong , Liu Yi-Tao , Ding Bin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The seawater desalination based on solar-driven interfacial evaporation has emerged as a promising technique to alleviate the global crisis on freshwater shortage. However, achieving high desalination performance on actual, oil-contaminated seawater remains a critical challenge, because the transport channels and evaporation interfaces of the current solar evaporators are easily blocked by the oil slicks, resulting in undermined evaporation rate and conversion efficiency. Herein, we propose a facile strategy for fabricating a modularized solar evaporator based on flexible MXene aerogels with arbitrarily tunable, highly ordered cellular/lamellar pore structures for high-efficiency oil interception and desalination. The core design is the creation of 1D fibrous MXenes with sufficiently large aspect ratios, whose superior flexibility and plentiful link forms lay the basis for controllable 3D assembly into more complicated pore structures. The cellular pore structure is responsible for effective contaminants rejection due to the multi-sieving effect achieved by the omnipresent, isotropic wall apertures together with underwater superhydrophobicity, while the lamellar pore structure is favorable for rapid evaporation due to the presence of continuous, large-area evaporation channels. The modularized solar evaporator delivers the best evaporation rate (1.48 kg m−2 h−1) and conversion efficiency (92.08%) among all MXene-based desalination materials on oil-contaminated seawater."Image missing"
Recent Advances in Wide-Bandgap Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells and Tandem Application
Authors: Nie Ting , Fang Zhimin , Ren Xiaodong , Duan Yuwei , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Perovskite-based tandem solar cells have attracted increasing interest because of its great potential to surpass the Shockley–Queisser limit set for single-junction solar cells. In the tandem architectures, the wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites act as the front absorber to offer higher open-circuit voltage (VOC) for reduced thermalization losses. Taking advantage of tunable bandgap of the perovskite materials, the WBG perovskites can be easily obtained by substituting halide iodine with bromine, and substituting organic ions FA and MA with Cs. To date, the most concerned issues for the WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are huge VOC deficit and severe photo-induced phase separation. Reducing VOC loss and improving photostability of the WBG PSCs are crucial for further efficiency breakthrough. Recently, scientists have made great efforts to overcome these key issues with tremendous progresses. In this review, we first summarize the recent progress of WBG perovskites from the aspects of compositions, additives, charge transport layers, interfaces and preparation methods. The key factors affecting efficiency and stability are then carefully discussed, which would provide decent guidance to develop highly efficient and stable WBG PSCs for tandem application.
The Green Asset Ratio (GAR): a new key performance indicator for credit institutions
Authors: Brühl Volker 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe financial sector plays an important role in financing the green transformation. Various regulatory initiatives in the EU aim to improve transparency in relation to the sustainability of financial products and the sustainability of economic activities of non-financial and financial undertakings. For credit institutions, the Green Asset Ratio (GAR) has been established by the European regulatory authorities as a key performance indicator (KPI) for measuring the proportion of Taxonomy-aligned on-balance-sheet exposure in relation to the total assets. The breakdown of the total GAR by type of counterparty, environmental objective and type of asset provides in-depth information about the sustainability profile of a credit institution. This information, which has not been available to date, may also initiate discussions between management and shareholders or other stakeholders regarding the future sustainability strategy of credit institutions. This paper provides an overview of the regulatory background and the method of calculating the GAR along different dimensions. Finally, the potential benefits and limitations of the GAR are discussed.
Magnetohydrodynamic Analysis of Load Shifting in Hall-Héroult Cells
Authors: Gesell Hendrik , Janoske Uwe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The research project SynErgie aims to adapt large scale industrial processes to a volatile supply of renewable energy which is expected for the future. The aluminum electrolysis process is one of the biggest consumers of electric energy in Germany. The aim is to vary its nominal process power by ± 25%. This numerical study focuses on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) behavior of the electrolysis cells of Trimet Aluminum SE in Essen. To capture the MHD driven flow and electrodynamics inside the electrolysis cells a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed in the OpenFOAM® framework. This accounts for the influence of neighboring electrolysis cells, the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials, a static ledge profile and the dynamic changes of anode shape caused by the carbon consumption. The simulation predictions show the heave of the aluminum cryolite interface for different line currents. To analyze the behavior of flexible process operation, shifts of the line currents are studied in detail. After shifting the line current, the interface heave changes directly whereas the shape of the anode bottom reacts with a delay in time. This leads to a locally uneven anode cathode distance (ACD) followed by a disturbed current distribution inside the electrolysis cell after shifting the line current. The anodic current distribution is quantified by the model, which can help process operators to identify whether increased anode currents are caused by the line current shift or potential abnormalities like spikes.

Graphical Abstract
Shield Attitude Adjustment Induced by Slurry Pressure Balance (SPB) Shield Tunneling Considering the Effects of Overbreak Cutter: A Numerical Simulation by DEM and Engineering Application
Authors: Shen Xiang , Yuan Dajun , Jin Dalong , Wang Xiao , Chen Xiangsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBased on a cross-river tunnel of Wuhan Metro Line 8, we present a two-dimensional discrete element model for shield attitude adjustment considering the effect of overbreak cutters. The shield shell mechanics under the influence of over-excavation rate, over-excavation orientations, and overburden load are simulated, and the tunneling mechanics law and the ultimate range during the adjustment of the shield attitude are investigated. The simulation results indicate the following: (1) The greater the over-excavation rate, the smaller the force exerted by the soil layer in the negative direction of the shield movement; therefore, increasing the over-excavation rate is helpful in expanding the range of shield attitude adjustment. (2) The shield is stressed symmetrically while conducting positive and negative horizontal adjustments in the soil layer, which has a symmetrical distribution, but vertical upward adjustment is more difficult than vertical downward adjustment. (3) With the increase in overburden load, the space of the shield attitude adjustment is gradually reduced at the same over-excavation rate. A good engineering application was achieved in this project using the simulation model. It is recommended to use the attitude adjustment method by controlling the tunneling parameters. In difficult situations such as high overlying loads, the over-excavation cutter can be used to assist in adjusting the shield attitude.
Morphology differences between fractional Brownian motion and the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function and corresponding Hurst evaluation
Authors: Dong Jiabin , Wu Ying , Jin Yi , Liu Shunxi , Zheng Junling , Dong Wenhao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFractional Brownian motion (FBM) and the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) function are two important methods for constructing self-affine objects. Accurately characterizing their features, such as the morphology and fractal geometry, is fundamental for their follow-up applications. However, due to the differences between self-similar and self-affine properties, the fractal dimension evaluation is difficult and sometimes unconvincing. In addition, the sampling length and diversity of calculation methods both lead to the non-uniqueness of the fractal dimension. This study compared the morphology differences between FBM and the W-M function and then analyzed the effects of each parameter on their morphology. Comparisons indicated that FBM has fewer control parameters than the W-M function. Finally, from basic fractal geometric properties, we derived the relationship between the measurement scale r and profile lengths L(r) for self-affine profiles and found that it is a complicated form rather than $$L(r)\sim c r^{H-1}$$

L

(
r
)

∼
c

r

H
-
1

, where H is the Hurst exponent. Meanwhile, the equivalent vertical height v(r) has an intuitive and clear power law relationship to the measurement scale $$v(r)\sim \sigma r^H$$

v

(
r
)

∼
σ

r
H

, which provides a method to estimate the Hurst exponent.
Carbon Dot-Modified TiO2@SiO2 Aerogel as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Zanyu , Hu Jiugang , Ding Kuixing , Tan Jun , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTitanium oxides have been considered promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the poor conductivity and low specific capacity of bulk titanium oxides limit their application. In this study, a carbon dot-modified TiO2@SiO2 aerogel was successfully fabricated through a facile ambient pressure drying strategy and used as an anode material of LIBs. Benefiting from the crosslinking of carbon dots and the surface modification of SiO2, the as-prepared hierarchical aerogel exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 974 mAh g−1 and maintained a capacity of 299 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. It also retained a discharge capacity of 111 mAh g−1 with a CE of 99.9% at 3 A g−1. The carbon dot-modified cross-linking skeleton contributes to the structural integrity of the TiO2@SiO2 aerogel during repeated insertion/extraction of lithium ions, guaranteeing outstanding cycling and high-rate performance. This ambient pressure drying strategy provides a facile and feasible way to produce high-performance aerogel anode materials for lithium-ion storage.
Radiotherapie beim Prostatakarzinom: Stereotaxie bei Primärtumor und Oligometastasen
Authors: Moll Matthias , Goldner Gregor , Miszczyk Marcin , Widder Joachim 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Strahlentherapie findet eine vielseitige Anwendung im Bereich der Prostatakarzinomtherapie. Eine spezielle Form der Strahlentherapie ist die sog. Stereotaxie. Bei ihr werden hohe Einzeldosen in einer oder wenigen Fraktionen, präzise und in lokal-kurativer Intention appliziert. Daher ist es wichtig, adäquate technische Voraussetzungen für die Stereotaxie vorzuhalten. Aus strahlenbiologischer Sicht eignet sich das Prostatakarzinom dabei besonders gut für die Stereotaxie. Sie kann sowohl zur Behandlung des Primärtumors als auch von Oligometastasen angewandt werden. Unter Oligometastasierung versteht man gemäß dem Konsens der europäischen Gesellschaft für Radiotherapie und Onkologie ein Tumorstadium, das zwischen einer lokalisierten und einer systemisch metastasierten Erkrankung liegt. Die Stereotaxie ist dabei sowohl bei der primären Bestrahlung als auch zur Behandlung der Metastasen sicher und effizient. Sie verkürzt die Behandlungszeit und erhöht den Patientenkomfort. Gleichzeitig bietet sie eine potenziell kurative Option auch im oligometastasierten Setting und sollte daher mit dem Patienten diskutiert werden.