bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization-dependent phase-modulation metasurface for vortex beam (de)multiplexing
Authors: Wu Haisheng , Zeng Qingji , Wang Xinrou , Li Canming , Huang Zebin , Xie Zhiqiang , He Yanliang , Liu Junmin , Ye Huapeng , Chen Yu , Li Ying , Fan Dianyuan , Chen Shuqing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Vortex beams (VBs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have shown promising potential in enhancing communication capacity through the possession of multiple multiplexing dimensions involving the OAM mode, polarization, and wavelength. Although many research works on multidimensional multiplexing have been conducted, the (de)multiplexer compatible with these dimensions remains elusive. Following the expanded concept of the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase, we designed a polarization-dependent phase-modulation metasurface to phase-modulate the two orthogonal linearly polarized components of light, and two Dammann vortex gratings with orthogonal polarization responses were loaded to simultaneously (de)multiplex OAM mode and polarization channels. As a proof of concept, we constructed a 16-channel multidimensional multiplexing communication system (including two OAM modes, two polarization states, and four wavelengths), and 400 Gbit/s quadrature-phase shift-keying (QPSK) signals were transmitted. The results demonstrate that the OAM mode and polarization channels are successfully (de)multiplexed, and the bit-error-rates (BERs) are below 1.67 × 10−6 at the received power of −15 dBm.
Problematic opioid use among osteoarthritis patients with chronic post-operative pain after joint replacement: analyses from the BISCUITS study
Authors: Hansen Johan Liseth , Heilig Markus , Kalso Eija , Stubhaug Audun , Knutsson Douglas , Sandin Patrik , Dorling Patricia , Beck Craig , Grip Emilie Toresson , Blakeman Karin Hygge , Arendt-Nielsen Lars 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Opioids are commonly used to manage pain, despite an increased risk of adverse events and complications when used against recommendations. This register study uses data of osteoarthritis (OA) patients with joint replacement surgery to identify and characterize problematic opioid use (POU) prescription patterns.

Methods
The study population included adult patients diagnosed with OA in specialty care undergoing joint replacement surgery in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2014. Those with cancer or OA within three years before the first eligible OA diagnosis were excluded. Patients were allocated into six POU cohorts based on dose escalation, frequency, and dosing of prescription opioids post-surgery (definitions were based on guidelines, previous literature, and clinical experience), and matched on age and sex to patients with opioid use, but not in any of the six cohorts. Data on demographics, non-OA pain diagnoses, cardiovascular diseases, psychiatric disorders, and clinical characteristics were used to study patient characteristics and predictors of POU.

Results
13.7% of patients with OA and a hip/knee joint replacement were classified as problematic users and they had more comorbidities and higher pre-surgery doses of opioids than matches. Patients dispensing high doses of opioids pre-surgery dispensed increased doses post-surgery, a pattern not seen among patients prescribed lower doses pre-surgery. Being dispensed 1–4,500 oral morphine equivalents in the year pre-surgery or having a non-OA pain diagnosis was associated with post-surgery POU (OR: 1.44–1.50, and 1.11–1.20, respectively).

Conclusions
Based on the discovered POU predictors, the study suggests that prescribers should carefully assess pain management strategies for patients with a history of comorbidities and pre-operative, long-term opioid use. Healthcare units should adopt risk assessment tools and ensure that these patients are followed up closely. The data also demonstrate potential areas for further exploration in improving patient outcomes and trajectories.
Automated end-of-line quality assurance with visual inspection and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Kim Hangbeom , Frommknecht Andreas , Bieberstein Bernd , Stahl Janek , Huber Marco F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
End-of-line (EOL) quality assurance of finished components has so far required additional manual inspections and burdened manufacturers with high labor costs. To automate the EOL process, in this paper a fully AI-based quality classification system is introduced. The components are automatically placed under the optical inspection system employing a robot. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used for the quality classification of the recorded images. After quality control, the component is sorted automatically in different bins depending on the quality control result. The trained CNN models achieve up to 98.7% accuracy on the test data. The classification performance of the CNN is compared with that of a rule-based approach. Additionally, the trained classification model is interpreted by an explainable AI method to make it comprehensible for humans and reassure them about its trustworthiness. This work originated from an actual industrial use case from Witzenmann GmbH. Together with the company, a demonstrator was realized.
Statistical Learning of Distractor Suppression Downregulates Prestimulus Neural Excitability in Early Visual Cortex
Authors: Ferrante Oscar , Zhigalov Alexander , Hickey Clayton , Jensen Ole 
Published: February 2023

Visual attention is highly influenced by past experiences. Recent behavioral research has shown that expectations about the spatial location of distractors within a search array are implicitly learned, with expected distractors becoming less interfering. Little is known about the neural mechanism supporting this form of statistical learning. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure human brain activity to test whether proactive mechanisms are involved in the statistical learning of distractor locations. Specifically, we used a new technique called rapid invisible frequency tagging (RIFT) to assess neural excitability in early visual cortex during statistical learning of distractor suppression while concurrently investigating the modulation of posterior alpha band activity (8–12 Hz). Male and female human participants performed a visual search task in which a target was occasionally presented alongside a color-singleton distractor. Unbeknown to the participants, the distracting stimuli were presented with different probabilities across the two hemifields. RIFT analysis showed that early visual cortex exhibited reduced neural excitability in the prestimulus interval at retinotopic locations associated with higher distractor probabilities. In contrast, we did not find any evidence of expectation-driven distractor suppression in alpha band activity. These findings indicate that proactive mechanisms of attention are involved in predictive distractor suppression and that these mechanisms are associated with altered neural excitability in early visual cortex. Moreover, our findings indicate that RIFT and alpha band activity might subtend different and possibly independent attentional mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhat we experienced in the past affects how we perceive the external world in the future. For example, an annoying flashing light might be better ignored if we know in advance where it usually appears. This ability of extracting regularities from the environment is called statistical learning. In this study, we explore the neuronal mechanisms allowing the attentional system to overlook items that are unequivocally distracting based on their spatial distribution. By recording brain activity using MEG while probing neural excitability with a novel technique called RIFT, we show that the neuronal excitability in early visual cortex is reduced in advance of stimulus presentation for locations where distracting items are more likely to occur.
Nanobody‐mediated complement activation to kill HIV‐infected cells
Authors: Pedersen Maria Lange , Pedersen Dennis Vestergaard , Winkler Mikael Becher Lykkegaard , Olesen Heidi Gytz , Søgaard Ole Schmeltz , Østergaard Lars , Laursen Nick Stub , Rahimic Anna Halling Folkmar , Tolstrup Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe complement system which is part of the innate immune response against invading pathogens represents a powerful mechanism for killing of infected cells. Utilizing direct complement recruitment for complement‐mediated elimination of HIV‐1‐infected cells is underexplored. We developed a novel therapeutic modality to direct complement activity to the surface of HIV‐1‐infected cells. This bispecific complement engager (BiCE) is comprised of a nanobody recruiting the complement‐initiating protein C1q, and single‐chain variable fragments of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV‐1 envelope (Env) protein. Here, we show that two anti‐HIV BiCEs targeting the V3 loop and the CD4 binding site, respectively, increase C3 deposition and mediate complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of HIV‐1 Env‐expressing Raji cells. Furthermore, anti‐HIV BiCEs trigger complement activation on primary CD4 T cells infected with laboratory‐adapted HIV‐1 strain and facilitates elimination of HIV‐1‐infected cells over time. In summary, we present a novel approach to direct complement deposition to the surface of HIV‐1‐infected cells leading to complement‐mediated killing of these cells.
Effects of putrescine on oxidative stress, spermidine/spermine-N(1)-acetyltransferase, inflammation and energy levels in liver and serum in rats with brain ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Dasdelen Dervis , Cetin Nihal , Menevse Esma , Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasim , Mogulkoc Rasim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe aimed to examine the effects of brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) especially on serum parameters or liver enzymes, free radicals, cytokines, oxidatively damaged DNA, spermidine/spermine N-1-acetyltransferase (SSAT). The effects of addition of putrescine on IR will be evaluated in terms of inflammation and oxidant-antioxidant balance in liver.The study was conducted on 46 male Albino Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g. The rats were grouped into: 1-Sham group (n = 6). 2-IR group (n = 8): The carotid arteries were ligated for 30-min and reperfusion was achieved for 30-min under general anesthesia. 3-Ischemia + putrescine + reperfusion group (IPR) (n = 8): Unlike the IR group, a single dose of 250 μmol kg−1 putrescine was given by gavage at the beginning of reperfusion. In putrescine treatment groups in addition to the procedures performed in the IR group a total of 4 doses of 250 μmol kg−1 putrescine were given at 12-h intervals, with the first dose immediately after 30-min reperfusion (4-IR+putrescine group (IR+P1) (n = 8)); 3 h after the 30-min reperfusion (5-IR+putrescine group (IR+P2) (n = 8)); 6 h after the 30-min reperfusion (6-IR+putrescine group (IR+P3) (n = 8)). ALT, AST, ATP, NO, SSAT, 8-OHdG levels were analyzed in the serum, and liver samples. NF-κB and IL-6 levels were analyzed in the liver samples.Brain IR causes inflammatory, oxidative and DNA damage in the liver, and putrescine supplementation through gavage reduces liver damage by showing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
A SINGLE DIGITAL SPACE FOR THE EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF INDUSTRY
Authors: Bogachev Yu. S. , Trifonov P. V. 
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the development of the concept of a single digital space for the effective functioning of the industry. A new model of industrial production organisation, the platform ecosystem are analysed. The analysis of the theoretical concepts of the world economy on its structure, the system of organisation of interaction between ecosystem participants, factors affecting its dynamic development is given. It is shown that digital technologies play an essential role in the organisation of the ecosystem. At the same time, digitalisation occurs in two directions: the creation of the digital space of the enterprise participating in the ecosystem and the creation of the digital space of the ecosystem of industrial production.The analysis of the use of digital technologies in various industries is given. The rating of the use of digital technologies in industry is discussed. The analysis of the factors constraining the process of digitalisation of the industry of the Russian Federation is given. The concept of ecosystem, presented in the world literature, and its functional and organisational features are analysed.The influence of institutional conditions on the functional characteristics of the ecosystem is discussed. The ecosystem management system affects the economic and technological efficiency of each ecosystem participant. The prospects for the development of ecosystems based on platforms are shown.The ability of the Russian manufacturing industry to adapt digital technologies and the organisation of modern forms of production on their basis are analysed. It is demonstrated that the potential of modern production of complex multicomponent products is determined by the ability to scale based on industry 4.0 technologies. At the same time, most of the enterprises fulfill individual orders of consumers and do not participate in the production chains of such products.The tasks necessary for the organisation of breakthrough development of manufacturing enterprises in Russia are formulated. For modern organisational forms of the manufacturing industry a non-departmental management body is proposed. Its structure and functions are discussed.
A Source Model for Earthquakes near the Nucleation Dimension
Authors: Cattania Camilla 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Earthquake self-similarity is a controversial topic, both observationally and theoretically. Theory predicts a finite nucleation dimension, implying a break of self-similarity below a certain magnitude. Although observations of non-self-similar earthquake behavior have been reported, their interpretation is challenging due to trade-offs between source and path effects and assumptions on the underlying source model. Here, I introduce a source model for earthquake nucleation and quantify the resulting scaling relations between source properties (far-field pulse duration, seismic moment, stress drop). I derive an equation of motion based on fracture mechanics for a circular rupture obeying rate–state friction and a simpler model with constant stress drop and fracture energy. The latter provides a good approximation to the rate–state model and leads to analytical expressions for far-field displacement pulses and spectra. The onset of ground motion is characterized by exponential growth with characteristic timescale t0=R0/vf, with R0 the nucleation dimension and vf a limit rupture velocity. Therefore, normalized displacements have a constant duration, proportional to the nucleation length rather than the source dimension. For ray paths normal to the fault, the exponential growth results in a Boatwright spectrum with n = 1, γ=2 and corner frequency ωc=1/t0. For other orientations, the spectrum has an additional sinc(·) term with a corner frequency related to the travel-time delay across the asperity. Seismic moments scale as M0∼R(R−R0)R0, in which R is the size of asperity, becoming vanishingly small as R→R0. Therefore, stress drops estimated from M0 and fc are smaller than the nominal stress drop, and they increase with magnitude up to a constant value, consistent with several seismological studies. The constant earthquake duration is also in agreement with reported microseismicity: for 0&lt;Mw&lt;2 events studied by Lin et al. (2016) in Taiwan, the observed durations imply a nucleation length between 45 and 80 m.
As Redes Vivas na organização de Associação de Catadores de Resíduos Sólidos, Manaus, Amazonas.
Authors: Amorim de Araújo Denise Rodrigues , Schweickardt Julio Cesar 
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as redes sociopolíticas e conexões produzidas pelos catadores e catadoras de resíduos sólidos organizados em um empreendimento de Economia Solidária e compartilhar os aprendizados desta vivência cartográfica exercitada com este grupo social a partir dos olhares da Saúde Coletiva. Para isso, acompanhamos as trajetórias destes sujeitos no território, suas tensões, lutas, conquistas e desafios nas produções de trabalho e de vida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. O método de investigação utilizado foi a Cartografia que permitiu um mergulho na realidade concreta da catação de resíduos sólidos urbanos e possibilitou a visão do território e a construção das redes a partir dos sujeitos de pesquisa. Este estudo contribuiu para dar visibilidade e empoderamento social e político destes trabalhadores, além de fortalecer a organização política e o protagonismo dos catadores enquanto movimento social. Por fim, entendemos que a pesquisa explicita as redes vivas na perspectiva da inclusão socioprodutiva e da participação social nas políticas públicas.
Accumulation of flavonoids in the <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> L. raw material depending on the places of collection and part of the plant
Authors: Antonenko M. S. , Zuikova E. Yu. , Dul V. N. , Malankina E. L. 
Published: February 2023

The aim. Today we are witnessing the actualization of research on plant sources for the pharmaceutical and food industries. It is caused by a significant increase in demand for these types of resources. Therefore, a variety of case studies aimed at identifying the characteristics of plant resources, are becoming more actual too. In accordance with this need, the present work aims to identify a relationship between the content of flavonoids in the raw material of such important source of plant raw material as Epilobium angustifolium and soil and climatic conditions and group of raw materials.Methods. At the first stage of this work were applied cartographic, geographical methods and methods of geobotanical description of phytocenoses to determine the most suitable locations for the purposes of the study. At the second stage were applied the method of spectrophotometry to determine the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin and the method of correlation analysis.Results. As a result of the application of these methods were obtained data on the content of flavonoids in the Epilobium angustifolium raw materials, collected in various soil and climatic conditions, as well as in various morphological groups of raw materials. These data were compared by the method of correlation analysis and after that a positive correlation between the content of flavonoids in the leaves and inflorescences of Epilobium angustifolium was found.Conclusion. It was determined, that the content of flavonoids fluctuation, depending on the Epilobium angustifolium place of growth, was 2.05% in the leaves and 2.5% in the inflorescences of this plant. An average positive correlation of 0.65 was found between the content of flavonoids in the leaf and inflorescences of Epilobium angustifolium. However, the correlation between the content of flavonoids and the latitude of Epilobium angustifolium growth wasn’t identified.
Ecological testing of varieties beetroot selection of FSBSI FSVC
Authors: Vetrova S. A. , Stepanov V. A. , Zayachkovsky V. A. 
Published: February 2023

Relevance. The value of table beetroot as an indispensable vegetable crop in a rational human diet is beyond doubt. It is possible to fill the shortage of production of this crop in the Russian Federation by increasing yields, which is facilitated by a number of factors. It is believed that the yield depends more on the variety, but the role of the medium in identifying varietal characteristics is also of great importance. In this regard, the varieties and hybrids recommended for production, along with high potential productivity, should be characterized by a wide range of adaptive properties (environmental resistance) to the stressful effects of environmental conditions. One of the effective methods to determine the adaptability of varieties to the conditions of a particular region is their simultaneous assessment in a number of geographically remote locations, which allows expanding the range of their use.Materials and methods. Research work on the environmental testing of six varieties of beetroot was carried out in 2020 according to generally accepted methods on the basis of the branches of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. As a standard, the Bordo 237 variety was used - recommended for cultivation in all regions of the Russian Federation. Ecological assessment of the environment as a background for selection and assessment of the adaptive ability of varieties was carried out according to the methodology of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva.Results. According to the totality of all parameters, the most adaptive for cultivation in different regions of the Russian Federation, according to the combination of yield and marketability, it is possible to recommend the varieties of beetroot Karina and Bordo 237; according to the mass of commercial root crops - Karina and Gazpadynya. The varieties characterized by the greatest responsiveness to the improvement of growing conditions were: Lyubava, Gaspadynya, Dobrynya. The most informative background for identifying the potential productivity of varieties is the environment on the Biryuchekutsk station, on the ecological stability of the complex of signs – the Voronezh station. The most typical environments for growing beets on the grounds of "yield" and "marketability" are the conditions of Biryuchekutsk station, by weight of commercial root crop – Voronezh station.
The dynamics of wild populations of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motch. (<i>Coleoptera:Coccinellidae</i>) in Primorsky Krai
Authors: Matsishina N. V. , Fisenko P. V. , Ermak M. V. , Sobko O. A. 
Published: February 2023

Relevance. Population dynamics (population waves) is an intrinsic quality of population systems. These fluctuations can be induced by various factors, e.g. environmental conditions and resource availability, elements of a food chain from the same or a higher level (competitors, parasites, predators), and diseases. Few researchers have addressed the issue of the population dynamics of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata in the Russian Far East. This paper investigates the reasons why the potato ladybird beetle became a pest of introduced cultivated plants.Materials and methods. To collect data on imagines, all research sites were examined at intervals of eight days during the entire period of the study. The examination of the research sites was conducted within one day. All the imagines taken from host plants were marked at the first encounter by puncturing their elytra with a sewing needle (0.4 mm in diameter) according to Hirano. The next generation of beetles was marked with nail polish (in two-three days after emergence) to avoid traumatizing the insects. At the second encounter, these beetles were also marked by puncturing their elytra with a needle. The methods implemented did not have an adverse effect on the survivability of the studied imagines. The beetles were released to the same plants where they had been taken from. The research data were analyzed by Jolly’s method.Results. Overwintered imagines appeared in the fields and began ovipositing at the end of May. The first generation of imagines appeared at the end of June – the begging of July. The second generation of imagines could be observed at the end of July – the beginning of August. A part of the imagines migrated to overwintering sites without ovipositing approximately at the end of August. The overwintered beetles were observed to emerge on the Mongolian oak Q uercus mongolica, the greater celandine Chelidonium majus, and the bird cherry Prunus padus. A typical primary biotope of the potato ladybird beetle was a potato field at the stage of vegetative growth (5-7 leaves) surrounded by the couch grass Elymus repens, the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale, and the perennial sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis. Marking the overwintered and new generations of imagines showed that the presence of the potato ladybird beetle in an ecosystem depended on agricultural and agrometeorological conditions.