bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Mean Onset of Motor and Sensory Block of Isobaric Ropivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Elective Caesarean Sections at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi.
Authors: Nida  Shahid  , Nurul-Haq  , Syed Hamid Ali  , Asim Masroor Rashid  , Syed Nusrat Ali Jafri  , Rizwan Afzal  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To compare the mean onset time of motor and sensory block of Isobaric Ropivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for elective caesarean sections at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi.
Methods: A double blinded Randomized control trial study carried out over the period of six months, from August 2016 to January 2017 using non probability consecutive sampling technique. A total of 128 pregnant women planned for LSCS under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (Group B and Group R) receiving equipotent doses of spinal anaesthetic drugs. In group B, spinal anaesthesia were given to 64 patients with intrathecal injection of 3ml of 0.5% (5mg/ml) Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and in group R, 64 patients received spinal anaesthesia using 3ml of 0.5% (5mg/ml) Isobaric Ropivacaine. Motor block was evaluated by using Modified Bromage scale score and a score of >2 is consider as optimal motor nerve block. Sensory block was evaluated by using 25G needle pinprick method along the mid clavicular line bilaterally and sensory block (loss of sensation to pain) at T6 level is consider as optimal sensory nerve block. At 10 minutes, Final outcome for each group B and R will be labelled in term of mean time of achievement of motor and sensory block and two dermatomal sensory segment regression.
Results: Out of 128 patients, 64 patients receiving spinal anaesthesia using Hyperbaric Bupivacaine the mean duration to achieve sensory nerve block at T6 Level is found to be faster as compare to Isobaric Ropivacaine while the mean onset time of motor nerve block was also considerably significant in between the two groups (p=0.049).The Regression time of maximum sensory block from two dermatomal skin level is also found to be earlier in Isobaric Ropivacaine as compare to patients receiving spinal anaesthesia with Hyperbaric Bupivacaine (130.34 ± 15.26 vs 146.41 ± 12.81; p-value=0.0005). These regional anaesthetic properties of Isobaric Ropivacaine makes it a safer regional anaesthetic agent as Hyperbaric Bupivacaine.
Conclusion: Spinal anaesthesia using intrathecal Ropivacaine for elective caesarean sections is an effective and optimal drug of choice. Two Dermatomal Sensory Regression was also found to be earlier in Isobaric Ropivacaine thus ropivacaine provides surgically effective anaesthesia of shorter duration and early sensory onset without compromising neonatal outcome and maternal hemodynamics.
Frequency of Skin Diseases and its Associated Factors Among Patients Visiting a Dermatology Clinic
Authors: Jaffer Sabika , Hyder Naqvi Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar , Iqbal Hydrie Muhammad Zafar , Ahmed Jafry Syed Imtiaz , Jaffer Iraj , Hussain Mudassir 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of skin diseases and its associated factors among patients visiting a dermatology clinic in Karachi.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from December 2018 to May 2019 at Baqai Institute of Health sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. Available relevant data of all patients visiting a selected dermatology clinic in Karachi for a period of two years, from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018, were retrospectively gathered and recorded on the study questionnaire by the principal investigator. Statistical package for social sciences version 19.0 was used for analysis. Chi-square test was applied to check associations between the independent variables and the study outcome whereas the significance level was set at 0.05. The duration of the study was six months.Results: The study findings revealed that the highest frequency of skin diseases among the patients was of psoriasis (25.3%), followed by dermatitis (23.3%), scabies (14.1%), fungal infection (11.9%), acne (9.0%), folliculitis (4.4%), atopic dermatitis (4.1%), keloid (3.2%), warts (2.8%) and vitiligo (1.9%). Moreover, 51.2% of the patients came in the summer season. The study results also showed that season was found to be significantly associated with the diagnosis of the patients both among patients aged 25-49 years (p<0.001) and patients aged 50 years and above (p=0.002).
Conclusion: The most commonly presented skin diseases in descending order of frequency were psoriasis, dermatitis, scabies, fungal infections, and acne. Moreover, the season was found to be significantly associated with the diagnosis of the patients in two of the study age groups. Due efforts by all stakeholders such as imparting health education to the general public, increasing their awareness regarding the modes of transmission of common skin diseases, promoting healthy skin habits and improvement in practices of environmental sanitation are recommended.
Awareness regarding weaning and its associated factors among mothers in rural Sindh
Authors: Ahsan Ali Dahani  , Syed Imtiaz Ahmed Jafry  , Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi  , Munir Ahmed Shaikh  , Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Hydrie  , Muhammad Zahid Shah  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the awareness regarding weaning and its associated factors among mothers in Kashmore, rural Sindh.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among infant’s mothers regarding awareness for weaning at Kashmore, a rural community in interior Sindh, from March 2108 to November 2018. The inclusion criteria were age of mothers 30 years or above and child’s age more than two years whereas mothers refusing to give verbal informed consent were excluded from the study. A total of 200 mothers were included in the study and were interviewed by using a questionnaire designed specifically for the study. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 20 while Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test were used for inferential analysis. The study duration spanned over 9 months.
Results: The mean age of the mothers was 27.1 ± 6.3 years and the average number of children for every household was 2.4 ± 1.3. When participants were asked about what weaning foods should be given to assess their awareness, 176 (88.0%) mothers said bread or roti, 153 (76.5%) said yogurt, 144 (72%) said boiled rice, 133 (66.5%) said vegetables, 130 (55.0%) said suji or kheer, 95 (47.5%) said egg yolk while only 71 (35.5%) said fruits. The study results further showed that among the socio-demographic characteristics compared the mean awareness scores of the mothers were significantly different across categories of mothers’ education (p<0.001), fathers’ education (p<0.001), monthly household income (p<0.001) and type of family (p=0.025).
Conclusion: Based on study results it can be concluded that certain socio-demographic factors influence the awareness of the mothers regarding the weaning of their children. Therefore any effort aimed at improving their awareness should take into account the factors identified in this study.
Prevalence Of Pica Among Pregnant Females of Low-Income Population: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Akhter Aliya nasim , Fasiha Fatima  , Mohammad Abbas Suleman  , Sobia Khurram  
Published: February 2023

Back ground: pica is craving and compulsive eating of non nutritive substances and it is public health concern because of its deleterious consequences. The condition is particularly associated with pregnancy and incidence varies differently across the world. Pica has been thought to develop in response of some underlying nutritional deficiencies particularly iron and zinc but further evidences and researches are required to confirm this. Engagement in pica behavior can be dangerous for both mother and growing fetus and can lead to growth retardation preterm deliveries and intra uterine death and is usually observed in low income and less educated population , however tradition , culture and religion also has a great influence on this habit.
An Assessment of Pattern of Distribution of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Reported to A Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zubair Ahmed Abbasi  , Azeem Syeda Arzoo , Shazia Sarwat Iqbal  , Shah Syed Mahmood , Abbas Zafar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective:
To evaluate the patterns of cleft lip and palate by its type, side, gender, laterality and extent of involvement of hard and/or soft palate in patients reported to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted from January 2016 to January 2017 at Saifee hospital Karachi. It includes patient’s data from December 2014 till December 2015. Total 198 patients with diagnosed cleft lip and /palate anomaly were included in the study. Data was collected by patient record forms and relevant findings were recorded on a predesigned proforma. Data was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 17.00.
Results:
Out of 198 patients 117 patients were males (59%). Total 54(27.27%)) cases of isolated cleft lip were observed, isolated cleft palate cases were 34(17.17%) while mixed cleft lip and palate cases were 110 (55.55%). Out of 54 cases of isolated cleft lip 43(79.62%) cases were unilateral, in which 26(48.14%) were left sided and 17(31.48%) were right sided while 11 (20.37%) cases were bilateral. Among mixed cleft lip and palate patients 82(74.54%) were unilateral having 48(43.63%) left sided and 34(31%) were right sided while 28(25.45%) were identified as bilateral. Total unilateral cases were 125(63.13%). Total left sided cases were 74 (37.37%) and right sided were 51(25.75%). Total bilateral cases were 39(19.69%). Cases of isolated cleft palate were divided into mix hard and soft palate cleft which were 21(61.76%) while soft palate clefts were 13(38.23%).
Conclusion: I the clefts of mixed lip and palate was most common type, unilateral cleft lip and clefts of left side of both lip and palate comprised of major segment of cleft patients and incomplete clefts of both lip and palate are more common in terms of extent in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi.
Key words: Cleft Lip Palate, Tertiary Care, .
Assessing donor site pain after Iliac Crest Bone Graft
Authors: Khan Alamzeb , Jan Asad Ullah , Ullah Farman , Waqar Muhammad , Ahmad Sajjad , Hussain Sardar 
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the intensity of donor site pain after autogenous iliac crest bone graft harvest for arthrodesis of joints and non-union of fractures.
Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Orthopedics Department of Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital in Bannu. A total of 156 patients who underwent iliac crest bone graft harvest were included in the study. The frequency and intensity of donor site pain were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) after one month of postoperatively.
Results: Out of 156 patients, the majority were males (61.5%). The mean age and pain score observed in the enrolled patients was 34.7 ± 9.5 years and 2.24 ± 2.01, respectively. Mild pain was present at one-month follow-up postoperatively in 50.6% of the patients. The pain intensity was assessed in relation to gender and age; there was no significant difference in the mean VAS scores between males and females (p=0.45). Furthermore, stratification with respect to age also displayed no significant variation in the pain scores with respect to age (p=0.99).
Conclusion: Donor site pain remains significant morbidity associated with iliac crest bone graft, mild pain was observed in half of the enrolled cases, and only 23% were pain-free after one month of the surgery.
A Journey towards Improved Quality of Life of a Typist with Retinitis Pigmintosa
Authors: Sana Balouch Malab , Shahbaz Muhammad , Moaz Balouch Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited rod-cone degenerative pathologies that present clinically with similar signs and symptoms. Common fundus findings include bone-spicule pigment formation, attenuated blood vessels in the posterior pole and waxy optic nerve pallor. Symptoms mostly start with progressive night blindness, mid-peripheral visual field defects, and eventual tunnel vision. A 42 year old male patient, typist by profession presented to our clinic with complaints of decreased vision and reduced dark adaptation affecting his quality of life a lot. On examination, he was diagnosed as an advanced case of retinitis pigmentosa bilaterally and there was bilateral posterior sub capsular cataract. His quality of life was assessed by using a simplified version of the VFQ-25 questionnaire. After successful cataract surgery and low vision rehabilitation his quality of life was reassessed by using same questionnaire. He had a much more positive outlook towards his eyesight. Our case report reviews the life changing personalized low vision rehabilitation of a typist with retinitis pigmentosa.
Key words: retinitis pigmentosa, quality of life, low vision rehabilitation
Comparison of Antioxidant Effect of Crocus Sativus and Vitamin E on Amakicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Khan Naheed , Jabeen Hina , Uda Nasrul Huda , Iqbal Sadia , Siddiqi Ashhad Mazhar 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The present study evaluated the protective effect of Crocus Sativus against Amikacin-induced Nephrotoxicity.
Methods: The prospective descriptive study was conducted at the department of orthopedic surgery, Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Adult laboratory albino rats of the Wistar strain were used in this experimental study. In this study, 75 albino rats were subdivided into 3 groups, including experimental groups B and C. The control group (A) received normal saline intraperitoneally, group (B) received Amikacin 30mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally and Group (C) received Crocus sativus 50 mg/kg body weight orally and vitamin E orally in a dose of 50mg/kg of body weight. Kidneys of rats obtained after dissection were processed, sectioned, and stained in PAS Hematoxylin and Gomoris Methenamine Silver stains. The present study was conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences in the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Animal House of Dow University and Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory. The duration of the study was Three months. Inclusion criteria were Albino rats of both sexes, kidneys of either side (right & left), rats with an approximate weight of 140 to 180 grams were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were overweight rats and pregnant rats.
Results: A significant increase in kidney weight was observed in group B. A considerable addition was observed in proximal tubular in groups B and C. A considerable increase was also observed in the number of intact proximal tubule nuclei and the nuclear diameter of groups B & C.
Conclusion: The study provides evidence that Crocus Sativus has protective effects in Amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity, comparable to widely used Antioxidant Vitamin E. The study recommends the addition of Crocus Sativus in dietary supplements after further evaluation in human subjects.
TÌNH HÌNH SINH ENZYME β LACTAMASE PHỔ RỘNG CỦA ESCHERICHIA COLI VÀ GIÁ TRỊ CỦA CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHÁT HIỆN
Authors: Võ Thái Dương , Đỗ Hoàng Long , Nguyễn Thị Diệu Hiền 
Published: February 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Tình hình sinh enzyme β lactamase phổ rộng (ESBL) của Escherichia coli là vấn đề đáng quan tâm hiện nay đối với sự đề kháng kháng sinh của các bệnh nhiễm trùng do Escherichia coli tại Việt Nam cũng như trên thế giới. Việc xác định giá trị các phương pháp phát hiện Escherichia coli sinh enzyme β lactamase phổ rộng là rất cần thiết cho thực hành lâm sàng. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Xác định tỷ lệ sinh enzyme β lactamase phổ rộng của vi khuẩn Escherichia coli bằng phương pháp đĩa kết hợp và máy tự động phoenix M50; Xác định giá trị độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu của phương pháp đĩa kết hợp và máy tự động phoenix M50 trong phát hiện sinh enzyme β lactamase phổ rộng của Escherichia coli. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 155 chủng Escherichia coli thu thập từ nuôi cấy mẫu bệnh phẩm của các bệnh nhân nhiễm trùng tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Trung ương Cần Thơ từ tháng 7/2021-5/2022. Tiến hành thử nghiệm xác định sinh enzyme β lactamase phổ rộng bằng 2 phương pháp đĩa kết hợp và máy tự động phoenix M50. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ sinh enzyme β lactamase phổ rộng của Escherichia coli là 60,7% với phương pháp đĩa kết hợp và 58,9% với máy tự động Phoenix M50. Thử nghiệm sinh enzyme β lactamase phổ rộng bằng phương pháp đĩa kết hợp có độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu lần lượt là 99,1% và 98,6%. Sử dụng máy Phoenix M50 thử nghiệm có độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu lần lượt tương thích gần như hoàn toàn giữa hai phương pháp thử nghiệm sinh của Escherichia coli với hệ số kappa là 0,989. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ sinh của Escherichia coli bằng phương pháp đĩa kết hợp và máy Phoenix M50 khá cao và có hệ số tương thích kappa giữa hai phương pháp gần như hoàn toàn trong đánh giá sinh enzyme β lactamase phổ rộng của vi khuẩn (kappa=0,989). Như vậy, phương pháp đĩa kết hợp nên được khuyến cáo sử dụng vì hiệu quả cao hơn.
NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT CỤC THAI KỲ CỦA CÁC THAI PHỤ THỪA CÂN, BÉO PHÌ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỤ SẢN THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ NĂM 2020-2022
Authors: Nguyễn Xuân Mỹ , Nguyễn Hữu Dự , Ngũ Quốc Vĩ 
Published: February 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Tỷ lệ thai phụ thừa cân, béo phì hiện nay ngày càng tăng, điều này gây nhiều biến chứng nguy hiểm cho mẹ và thai nhi. Nhằm tìm hiểu đặc điểm của các thai phụ thừa cân, béo phì để đưa ra những khuyến cáo có lợi cho thai phụ cũng như giảm những biến chứng có thể xảy ra trong thai kỳ. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Xác định đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng của các thai phụ bị thừa cân, béo phì và đánh giá kết cục thai kỳ của các thai phụ thừa cân, béo phì. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: cắt ngang mô tả trên 107 thai phụ thừa cân béo phì thời điểm ≤ 8 tuần. Sau đó, theo dõi và đánh giá các đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết cục của thai phụ thời điểm nhập viện sinh. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ béo phì 52,8% và thừa cân 40,2%. Tỷ lệ thừa cân, béo phì ở nhóm tuổi <35 là 71% và ở nhóm ≥35 tuổi là 29%. Monitoring nhóm I chiếm tỷ lệ 94,3%, không có monitoring nhóm III. Có 87,9% trường hợp mổ lấy thai và 12,1% sinh đường âm đạo. Tỷ lệ băng huyết sau sanh là 1,8%, tỷ lệ nhiễm trùng sau sinh là 1,8%. Trẻ sơ sinh có trọng lượng <3000gram chiếm 21,5% và 4,7% trẻ có trọng lượng ≥4000gram. Có 3,7% (4 trường hợp) trẻ sơ sinh phải được chăm sóc tại khoa sơ sinh Kết luận: Tỷ lệ thai phụ thừa cân, béo phì ngày càng tăng gây nhiều hậu quả nghiêm trọng, và ngày càng trẻ hóa.
TƯƠNG TÁC THUỐC TRONG ĐƠN THUỐC ĐIỀU TRỊ NGOẠI TRÚ-NỘI TRÚ VÀ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ NĂM 2021-2022
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Diễm , Phạm Thành Suôl , Nguyễn Thiên Vũ , Lữ Thiện Phúc , Nguyễn Thị Hữu Hiếu 
Published: February 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Việc phối hợp thuốc trong điều trị là không thể tránh khỏi, nhất là trong tình trạng đa bệnh lý, đa triệu chứng. Đó chính là nguyên nhân làm cho tương tác thuốc bất lợi dễ xảy ra. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: 1. Xác định tỷ lệ và mức độ các tương tác thuốc xảy ra trong đơn thuốc ngoại trú và hồ sơ bệnh án nội trú tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ năm 2021-2022; 2. Tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan đến tương tác thuốc trong đơn thuốc ngoại trú và hồ sơ bệnh án nội trú tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ năm 2021-2022. Phương pháp và đối tượng nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 613 đơn thuốc điều trị ngoại trú và 248 hồ sơ bệnh án điều trị nội trú lưu trữ tại khoa Dược và khoa Nội Tổng hợp - Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ từ 3/2021 đến ngày 3/2022. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu phát hiện, 128 đơn thuốc có tương tác thuốc (20,9%) trong số 613 đơn thuốc điều trị ngoại trú và 65 hồ sơ bệnh án có tương tác thuốc (26,2%) trong số 248 hồ sơ bệnh án điều trị nội trú được đưa vào khảo sát. Trong đó, tương tác thuốc chống chỉ định chiếm tỷ lệ 7,8% và tương tác thuốc nghiêm trọng chiếm tỷ lệ 24,3% trong đơn thuốc điều trị ngoại trú. Tương tác thuốc chống chỉ định chiếm tỷ lệ 5,8% và tương tác thuốc nghiêm trọng chiếm tỷ lệ 11% trong hồ sơ bệnh án điều trị nội trú. Có mối liên quan giữa độ tuổi của bệnh nhân, số lượng thuốc sử dụng trong đơn thuốc và khả năng xảy ra tương tác thuốc có ý nghĩa thống kê (p<0,05). Kết luận: Độ tuổi của bệnh nhân càng cao, số lượng thuốc sử dụng càng nhiều thì nguy cơ xảy ra tương tác thuốc càng cao. Cần sàng lọc tương tác thuốc bất lợi thường xuyên để đảm bảo an toàn cho bệnh nhân và tránh các tác dụng không mong muốn.
KUALITAS PRODUK BERDAMPAK LANGSUNG TERHADAP KEPUASAN MAHASISWA DI POLITEKNIK LP3I JAKARTA
Authors: Sudirman  , Mardikawanty Rini , Nur Harris Ependi  
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dampak kualitas produk terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini diadakan di Politeknik LP3I Jakarta Kampus Kramat Raya. Populasi penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Kampus Kramat Raya. Penelitian menggunakan metode probability sampling yakni dengan melakukan random sampling sederhana kemudian diproses dengan analisa multiple regression terhada 85 responden. Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini adalah kualitas produk dan variabel bebas yaitu kepuasan mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini kualitas produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa, dalam pengujian secara simultan kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa
Pengaruh Penggunaan Pembelajaran Multimedia dan Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA PAB 4 Sampali
Authors: Fauzi Nuanda , Muhammad Fauzan Azhmy  , Fajar Pasaribu  , Anggia Arif  
Published: February 2023

Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) PAB 4 Sampali merupakan sekolah menengah atas yang berada di Kabupaten Deli Serdang Sampali terus berupaya menciptakan lulusan pelajar yang terbaik di Deli Serdang. Bersaing dengan sekolah lain dalam menciptakan lulusan terampil dan berprestasi. Hasil observasi di SMA PAB 4 Sampali pada kelas XI jurusan IPA dan IPS diperoleh bahwa hasil belajar siswa belum maksimal. Hal ini terlihat dari rata-rata nilai rapor Tengah Semester tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 yang masih jauh di bawah rata- rata yang ditetapkan Sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil observasi tidak tercapainya nilai rata-rata siswa pada standar yang ditetapkan diperkirakan pada saat proses pembelajaran siswa masih kurang memiliki rasa percaya diri. Hal ini terlihat dari tidak ada respon siswa untuk bertanya saat diperintahkan oleh guru. Saat pembelajaran, kerja sama antar siswa relative pasif yang berarti belum terbangun dengan baik. Kedisiplinan siswa juga masih kurang terlihat dari kebiasaan siswa datang terlambat ke sekolah dan ke dalam kelas. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kurang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Pengaruh penggunaan pembelajaran multimedia terhadap hasil belajar, (2) Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional siswa terhadap hasil belajar siswa. (3) Pengaruh penggunaan pembelajaran multimedia dan kecerdasan emosional siswa terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA PAB 4 Sampali. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak tiga kelas yaitu 1 kelas jurusan IPA (n=30) dan 2 kelas jurusan IPS (n= 54). Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Variabel pembelajaran multimedia dan kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Variabel pembelajaran multimedia merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa