bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School Strike 4 Climate in Aotearoa New Zealand: youth, relationships and climate justice
Authors: Birdsall Sally 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe School Strike 4 Climate New Zealand (SS4CNZ) movement have organised and led four strikes between 2019 and 2021. With each successive strike, adult support for students’ demands increased. Their most notable achievement was garnering sufficient support to pass Aotearoa New Zealand’s Zero Carbon Bill into legislation. However, tensions with SS4CNZ led to the Auckland Chapter announcing its disbandment in 2021. There were mixed responses to their decision. In this reflective essay I argue that this disbandment was a positive move forward because these youth were showing their willingness to re-build relationships with their Māori and Pacific Island activist peers. By disbanding, not only were these young leaders enabling their Māori and Pacific Island peers to lead future actions, they were acknowledging the connections between racism, colonialism and climate justice; responding to our relational crisis by demonstrating the importance of re-building robust and reciprocal relationships between humans and more-than-humans when advocating for ways to navigate towards a climate-just society.
Psychoeconomic Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the General Population in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abu Alhommos Amal Khaleel , Naser Abdallah Y. , Abu Alhommous Loay Khalil 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To explore the psychological and economic effects of the COVID-19 epidemic and identify those at higher risk of suffering financial consequences.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between June 27 and September 27, 2020. Logistic regression was conducted to determine who was more likely to suffer financially from the COVID-19 epidemic.

Results:
A total of 440 individual participated in this study, of whom, 86.8% were aged 19 – 49 years, and 60.0% were females. Around 57.0% reported that they have been affected economically by the pandemic. Around 11.0% of the participants reported that they feel anxious; around 18.0% reported feeling depressed or fearful because of COVID-19. Males were around twice (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.24 – 2.72) as likely to be affected economically during the COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.01). Saudis were 59.0% less likely to be affected (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.27 – 0.60; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the psychological and economic status of individuals in Saudi Arabia deeply. To prevent long-term psychological and economic deterioration and to hasten social recovery, mental, financial, supportive strategies, and programs to aid the entire community in coping with the pandemic are recommended.
Satisfaction with Democracy: The Impact of Institutions, Contexts and Attitudes
Authors: Cutler Fred , Nuesser Andrea , Nyblade Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe propose a new, unified approach for comparative research on citizens’ satisfaction with democracy (SWD). It starts with a well-specified individual-level model of the considerations citizens draw upon when answering the SWD survey question. Then we specify the relationship from contextual factors (especially institutions) through these individual-level mediating considerations and on to the SWD attitude. Multilevel structural equation estimation is applied to a merged dataset of European Social Survey (ESS) and country-level contextual data. The results add solidity to theoretical and empirical findings that citizens’ judgments of democracy are driven mostly by policy outputs and lived experience and not much by institutional variation or its political consequences.
Short Squeezes and Their Consequences
Authors: Schultz Paul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA short squeeze occurs if borrowed shares are recalled and the short seller is unable to find another source of shares. This forces the short seller to terminate a position early. For most stocks, the probability of a short squeeze is very low. Short squeezes, however, are not unusual for the hardest to borrow stocks. For these stocks, trading costs from squeezes are high and have a significant impact on the returns to short selling. For hard-to-borrow stocks, short sellers also miss out on significant abnormal returns because squeezes force them to close positions.
Monetary Policy and Bond Prices with Drifting Equilibrium Rates
Authors: Favero Carlo A. , Melone Alessandro , Tamoni Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the drift and cyclical components in U.S. Treasury bonds. We find that bond yields are drifting because they reflect the drift in monetary policy rates. Empirically, modeling the monetary policy drift using demographics and productivity trends, plus long-term inflation expectations, leads to cyclical deviations of bond prices from their drift that predict bond returns in- and out-of-sample. These bond cycles can be interpreted as term premia or/and temporary deviations from rational expectations in a behavioral framework. Through the lens of our model, we detect a significant role of the latter in determining the cyclical properties of yields with short maturities.
Use of tobramycin-impregnated antibiotic beads in frontal sinus osteomyelitis
Authors: Richards E , Qamar N , Naik P , Ahmed S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveOsteomyelitis of the frontal bone is a rare but devastating complication of frontal sinusitis. Treatment involves aggressive surgery to remove all sequestra in combination with long-term antibiotic therapy. However, systemic antibiotics may struggle to penetrate any remaining infection in devascularised areas, and the morbidity associated with surgical resection of some areas of the skull base is too high. In contrast, locally implanted antibiotics provide a reliable, high concentration of treatment to these areas while also minimising potential systemic side effects. The clinical application of tobramycin beads has primarily been used in orthopaedics as an adjunct to the treatment of tibial osteomyelitis or prosthetic joint infection.Case reportTo the best of the authors' knowledge, the two cases discussed here represent the first use of tobramycin antibiotic beads in frontal sinus osteomyelitis secondary to chronic rhinosinusitis.ConclusionThese cases show promising use of tobramycin beads in recalcitrant frontal osteomyelitis.
INTEGRAL POINTS ON SINGULAR DEL PEZZO SURFACES
Authors: Derenthal Ulrich , Wilsch Florian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn order to study integral points of bounded log-anticanonical height on weak del Pezzo surfaces, we classify weak del Pezzo pairs. As a representative example, we consider a quartic del Pezzo surface of singularity type
$\mathbf {A}_1+\mathbf {A}_3$
and prove an analogue of Manin’s conjecture for integral points with respect to its singularities and its lines.
Temperature Fusion of TIMED/SABER Data and COSMIC Data in Stratosphere
Authors: Fan Z. Q. , Zhou Y. F. , Gu C. L. , Jiang J. , Zhang X. H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe acquisition of accurate stratospheric temperature data is of great significance for the research on global climate system and numerical weather forecasting. To obtain high‐precision stratospheric temperature, the three‐dimensional variational assimilation method, combined with kriging interpolation, was applied for data fusion of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics, and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) temperature data and the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation temperature data. As a sample, the two data sets of TIMED/SABER and COSMIC, during the time range from 5 December 2009, 09:00 to 5 December 2009, 15:00, were used to construct global stratospheric temperature field of 5 December 2009, 12:00. The cross‐validation results showed that temperature distribution from the variational fusion method was consistent with COSMIC observations at the height range of 15–35 km, which the mean deviations and standard deviations were within a range of −1 to 1 and 3 to 4 K, respectively. At the height range from 35 to 40 km, the temperature distribution from the variational fusion method was more consistent with TIMED/SABER observations. The mean deviations were within 0 and 0.5 K, and the standard deviations were between 1.8 and 2 K. Overall, the temperature field after variational fusion combines the high‐precision advantage of SABER observations around 40 km and the high‐precision advantage of COSMIC observations at the height range of 15–30 km, the effect of the variational fusion method is significant.
Promising applications of human-derived saliva biomarker testing in clinical diagnostics
Authors: Song Mengyuan , Bai Hao , Zhang Ping , Zhou Xuedong , Ying Binwu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSaliva testing is a vital method for clinical applications, for its noninvasive features, richness in substances, and the huge amount. Due to its direct anatomical connection with oral, digestive, and endocrine systems, clinical usage of saliva testing for these diseases is promising. Furthermore, for other diseases that seeming to have no correlations with saliva, such as neurodegenerative diseases and psychological diseases, researchers also reckon saliva informative. Tremendous papers are being produced in this field. Updated summaries of recent literature give newcomers a shortcut to have a grasp of this topic. Here, we focused on recent research about saliva biomarkers that are derived from humans, not from other organisms. The review mostly addresses the proceedings from 2016 to 2022, to shed light on the promising usage of saliva testing in clinical diagnostics. We recap the recent advances following the category of different types of biomarkers, such as intracellular DNA, RNA, proteins and intercellular exosomes, cell-free DNA, to give a comprehensive impression of saliva biomarker testing.
Poor prognostic implications of myelodysplasia-related mutations in both older and younger patients with de novo AML
Authors: Tsai Xavier Cheng-Hong , Sun Kuo-Jui , Lo Min-Yen , Tien Feng-Ming , Kuo Yuan-Yeh , Tseng Mei-Hsuan , Peng Yen-Ling , Chuang Yi-Kuang , Ko Bor-Sheng , Tang Jih-Luh , Sun Hsun-I , Liu Ming-Chih , Liu Chia-Wen , Lin Chien-Chin , Yao Ming , Chou Wen-Chien , Hou Hsin-An , Tien Hwei-Fang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA set of myelodysplasia-related (MDS-R) gene mutations are incorporated into the 2022 European LeukemiaNet risk classification as adverse genetic factors for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on their poor prognostic impact on older patients. The impact of these mutations on younger patients (age < 60 years) remains elusive. In the study of 1213 patients with de novo non-M3 AML, we identified MDS-R mutations in 32.7% of the total cohort, 44.9% of older patients and 23.4% of younger patients. The patients with MDS-R mutations had a significantly lower complete remission rate in both younger and older age groups. With a median follow-up of 9.2 years, the MDS-R group experienced shorter overall survival (P = 0.034 for older and 0.035 for younger patients) and event-free survival (P = 0.004 for older and 0.042 for younger patients). Furthermore, patients with MDS-R mutations more frequently harbored measurable residual disease that was detectable using next generation sequencing at morphological CR than those without MDS-R mutations. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) might ameliorate the negative impact of MDS-R mutations. In summary, AML patients with MDS-R mutations have significantly poorer outcomes regardless of age. More intensive treatment, such as allo-HSCT and/or novel therapies, is warranted for AML patients with MDS-R mutations.
Thermal fluctuations of the lipid membrane determine particle uptake into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
Authors: Ayala Yareni A. , Omidvar Ramin , Römer Winfried , Rohrbach Alexander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhagocytic particle uptake is crucial for the fate of both living cells and pathogens. Invading particles have to overcome fluctuating lipid membranes as the first physical barrier. However, the energy and the role of the fluctuation-based particle-membrane interactions during particle uptake are not understood. We tackle this problem by indenting the membrane of differently composed Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) with optically trapped particles until particle uptake. By continuous 1 MHz tracking and autocorrelating the particle’s positions within 30µs delays for different indentations, the fluctuations’ amplitude, the damping, the mean forces, and the energy profiles were obtained. Remarkably, the uptake energy into a GUV becomes predictable since it increases for smaller fluctuation amplitudes and longer relaxation time. Our observations could be explained by a mathematical model based on continuous suppression of fluctuation modes. Hence, the reduced particle uptake energy for protein-ligand interactions LecA-Gb3 or Biotin-Streptavidin results also from pronounced, low-friction membrane fluctuations.
Genome-wide signatures of adaptation to extreme environments in red algae
Authors: Cho Chung Hyun , Park Seung In , Huang Tzu-Yen , Lee Yongsung , Ciniglia Claudia , Yadavalli Hari Chandana , Yang Seong Wook , Bhattacharya Debashish , Yoon Hwan Su 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe high temperature, acidity, and heavy metal-rich environments associated with hot springs have a major impact on biological processes in resident cells. One group of photosynthetic eukaryotes, the Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta), has successfully thrived in hot springs and associated sites worldwide for more than 1 billion years. Here, we analyze chromosome-level assemblies from three representative Cyanidiophyceae species to study environmental adaptation at the genomic level. We find that subtelomeric gene duplication of functional genes and loss of canonical eukaryotic traits played a major role in environmental adaptation, in addition to horizontal gene transfer events. Shared responses to environmental stress exist in Cyanidiales and Galdieriales, however, most of the adaptive genes (e.g., for arsenic detoxification) evolved independently in these lineages. Our results underline the power of local selection to shape eukaryotic genomes that may face vastly different stresses in adjacent, extreme microhabitats.
Toward the design of ultrahigh-entropy alloys via mining six million texts
Authors: Pei Zongrui , Yin Junqi , Liaw Peter K. , Raabe Dierk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt has long been a norm that researchers extract knowledge from literature to design materials. However, the avalanche of publications makes the norm challenging to follow. Text mining (TM) is efficient in extracting information from corpora. Still, it cannot discover materials not present in the corpora, hindering its broader applications in exploring novel materials, such as high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Here we introduce a concept of “context similarity" for selecting chemical elements for HEAs, based on TM models that analyze the abstracts of 6.4 million papers. The method captures the similarity of chemical elements in the context used by scientists. It overcomes the limitations of TM and identifies the Cantor and Senkov HEAs. We demonstrate its screening capability for six- and seven-component lightweight HEAs by finding nearly 500 promising alloys out of 2.6 million candidates. The method thus brings an approach to the development of ultrahigh-entropy alloys and multicomponent materials.
A quantitative map of nuclear pore assembly reveals two distinct mechanisms
Authors: Otsuka Shotaro , Tempkin Jeremy O. B. , Zhang Wanlu , Politi Antonio Z. , Rybina Arina , Hossain M. Julius , Kueblbeck Moritz , Callegari Andrea , Koch Birgit , Morero Natalia Rosalia , Sali Andrej , Ellenberg Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is assembled is of fundamental importance to grasp the mechanisms behind its essential function and understand its role during the evolution of eukaryotes1–4. There are at least two NPC assembly pathways—one during the exit from mitosis and one during nuclear growth in interphase—but we currently lack a quantitative map of these events. Here we use fluorescence correlation spectroscopy calibrated live imaging of endogenously fluorescently tagged nucleoporins to map the changes in the composition and stoichiometry of seven major modules of the human NPC during its assembly in single dividing cells. This systematic quantitative map reveals that the two assembly pathways have distinct molecular mechanisms, in which the order of addition of two large structural components, the central ring complex and nuclear filaments are inverted. The dynamic stoichiometry data was integrated to create a spatiotemporal model of the NPC assembly pathway and predict the structures of postmitotic NPC assembly intermediates.
Phenotypic signatures of immune selection in HIV-1 reservoir cells
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Gao Ce , Hartana Ciputra Adijaya , Osborn Matthew R. , Einkauf Kevin B. , Lian Xiaodong , Bone Benjamin , Bonheur Nathalie , Chun Tae-Wook , Rosenberg Eric S. , Walker Bruce D. , Yu Xu G. , Lichterfeld Mathias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) reservoir cells persist lifelong despite antiretroviral treatment1,2but may be vulnerable to host immune responses that could be exploited in strategies to cure HIV-1. Here we used a single-cell, next-generation sequencing approach for the direct ex vivo phenotypic profiling of individual HIV-1-infected memory CD4+T cells from peripheral blood and lymph nodes of people living with HIV-1 and receiving antiretroviral treatment for approximately 10 years. We demonstrate that in peripheral blood, cells harbouring genome-intact proviruses and large clones of virally infected cells frequently express ensemble signatures of surface markers conferring increased resistance to immune-mediated killing by cytotoxic T and natural killer cells, paired with elevated levels of expression of immune checkpoint markers likely to limit proviral gene transcription; this phenotypic profile might reduce HIV-1 reservoir cell exposure to and killing by cellular host immune responses. Viral reservoir cells harbouring intact HIV-1 from lymph nodes exhibited a phenotypic signature primarily characterized by upregulation of surface markers promoting cell survival, including CD44, CD28, CD127 and the IL-21 receptor. Together, these results suggest compartmentalized phenotypic signatures of immune selection in HIV-1 reservoir cells, implying that only small subsets of infected cells with optimal adaptation to their anatomical immune microenvironment are able to survive during long-term antiretroviral treatment. The identification of phenotypic markers distinguishing viral reservoir cells may inform future approaches for strategies to cure and eradicate HIV-1.
RNA targeting unleashes indiscriminate nuclease activity of CRISPR–Cas12a2
Authors: Bravo Jack P. K. , Hallmark Thomson , Naegle Bronson , Beisel Chase L. , Jackson Ryan N. , Taylor David W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCas12a2 is a CRISPR-associated nuclease that performs RNA-guided, sequence-nonspecific degradation of single-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA following recognition of a complementary RNA target, culminating in abortive infection1. Here we report structures of Cas12a2 in binary, ternary and quaternary complexes to reveal a complete activation pathway. Our structures reveal that Cas12a2 is autoinhibited until binding a cognate RNA target, which exposes the RuvC active site within a large, positively charged cleft. Double-stranded DNA substrates are captured through duplex distortion and local melting, stabilized by pairs of ‘aromatic clamp’ residues that are crucial for double-stranded DNA degradation and in vivo immune system function. Our work provides a structural basis for this mechanism of abortive infection to achieve population-level immunity, which can be leveraged to create rational mutants that degrade a spectrum of collateral substrates.
Graph partitioning MapReduce-based algorithms for counting triangles in large-scale graphs
Authors: Sharafeldeen Ahmed , Alrahmawy Mohammed , Elmougy Samir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCounting number of triangles in the graph is considered a major task in many large-scale graph analytics problems such as clustering coefficient, transitivity ratio, trusses, etc. In recent years, MapReduce becomes one of the most popular and powerful frameworks for analyzing large-scale graphs in clusters of machines. In this paper, we propose two new MapReduce algorithms based on graph partitioning. The two algorithms avoid the problem of duplicate counting triangles that other algorithms suffer from. The experimental results show a high efficiency of the two algorithms in comparison with an existing algorithm, overcoming it in the execution time performance, especially in very large-scale graphs.
Strain evolution and confinement effect in InAs/AlAs short-period superlattices studied by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Yinan , Lu Kechao , Yao Jinshan , Ning Jiqiang , Chen Baile , Lu Hong , Zheng Changcheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRaman spectra of two series of InAs/AlAs short-period superlattices were measured at room temperature to investigate the impact of strain on the phonon modes taking into consideration the confinement effect and interface mode. The evolution of strain in the InAs layer and the AlAs layer was studied in (InAs)2/(AlAs)2superlattices grown at various temperatures (400–550 °C). While the strain existed in the AlAs layer remained almost constant, the strain in the InAs layer varied significantly as the growth temperature increased from 500 to 550 °C. The confinement effect on the optical phonons was analyzed based on results from (InAs)n/(AlAs)ngrown at 450 °C (n = 2, 3, 4, and 5). Additionally, the confinement effect was found to be stronger in shorter periods with higher interface quality. The interface phonon modes were resolved between the longitudinal optical and transverse optical phonon modes, which assist in the rough estimation of the thickness of the layers. The disorder-activated acoustic phonon modes at the low-frequency side were also addressed.