bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium Niobate with a Large Interlayer Spacing: A Fast‐Charging, Long‐Life, and Low‐Temperature Friendly Lithium‐Storage Material
Authors: Gao Jiazhe , Yang Liting , Huang Cihui , Liang Guisheng , Lei Yi , Li Songjie , Wang Wenze , Ou Yinjun , Gao Shangfu , Liu Xuehua , Cheng Yifeng , Zhang Jincang , Liu Zhongzhu , Guo Aiming , Monteiro Robson , Parreira Luanna , Ribas Rogerio , Lin Chunfu , Wu Limin , Che Renchao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNiobate Li+‐storage anode materials with shear ReO3 crystal structures have attracted intensive attention due to their inherent safety and large capacities. However, they generally suffer from limited rate performance, cyclic stability, and temperature adaptability, which are rooted in their insufficient interlayer spacings. Here, sodium niobate (NaNb13O33) micron‐sized particles are developed as a new anode material owning the largest interlayer spacing among the known shear ReO3‐type niobates. The large interlayer spacing of NaNb13O33 enables very fast Li+ diffusivity, remarkably contributing to its superior rate performance with a 2500 to 125 mA g−1 capacity percentage of 63.2%. Moreover, its large interlayer spacing increases the volume‐accommodation capability during lithiation, allowing small unit‐cell‐volume variations (maximum 6.02%), which leads to its outstanding cyclic stability with 87.9% capacity retention after as long as 5000 cycles at 2500 mA g−1. Its cyclic stability is the best in the research field of niobate micron‐sized particles, and comparable to that of “zero‐strain” Li4Ti5O12. At a low temperature of −10 °C, it also exhibits high rate performance with a 1250 to 125 mA g−1 capacity percentage of 65.6%, and even better cyclic stability with 105.4% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 1250 mA g−1. These comprehensively good electrochemical results pave the way for the practical application of NaNb13O33 in high‐performance Li+ storage.
Photoinduced Radical Persistent Luminescence in Semialiphatic Polyimide System with Temperature and Humidity Resistance
Authors: Tu Fanlin , Ye Zecong , Mu Yingxiao , Luo Xuwei , Liao Liyun , Hu Dehua , Ji Shaomin , Yang Zhiyong , Chi Zhenguo , Huo Yanping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganic persistent luminescence (pL) systems with photoresponsive dynamic features have valuable applications in the fields of data encryption, anticounterfeiting, and bioimaging. Photoinduced radical luminescent materials have a unique luminous mechanism with the potential to achieve dynamic pL. It is extremely challenging to obtain radical pL under ambient conditions; on account of it, it is unstable in air. Herein, a new semialiphatic polyimide‐based polymer (A0) is developed, which can achieve dynamic pL through reversible conversion of radical under photoexcitation. A “joint–donor–spacer–acceptor” molecular design strategy is applied to effectively modulate the intramolecular charge‐transfer and charge‐transfer complex interactions, resulting in effective protection of the radical generated under photoirradiation. Meanwhile, polyimide‐based polymers of A1–A4 are obtained by doping different amine‐containing fluorescent dyes to modulate the dynamic afterglow color from green to red via the triplet to singlet Förster resonance energy‐transfer pathway. Notably, benefiting from the structural characteristics of the polyimide‐based polymer, A0–A4 have excellent processability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties and can be applied directly in extreme environments such as high temperatures and humidity.
Effects of Connecting Polymer Structure and Morphology at Inter‐Tube Junctions on the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Kim Seong Hyeon , Jeong Seungwon , Kim Daegun , Son Chang Yun , Cho Kilwon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConjugated polymer (CP)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites have been actively used for thermoelectrics for more than a decade. Thermoelectric performance of CP/CNT composites is greatly improved compared with that of the individual components; however, the underlying origin of the performance improvement remains vague, without clear explanations at the molecular scale. Moreover, the nature of the heterogeneous system limits quantitative analysis and restricts physical understanding of the thermoelectric effect in the composites. By combining experimental approaches with molecular dynamics simulations, the contribution of the CPs to the thermoelectric properties at inter‐tube junctions between adjacent CNTs is revealed. Indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDTBT), which has a highly planar backbone and does not aggregate at CP/CNT interfaces, can better mediate effective intramolecular charge transport along backbone chains at inter‐tube junctions than poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophene‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene] (PBTTT). The isotropic and continuous distribution of IDTBT backbone chains enables both holes and phonons to be transported effectively at inter‐tube junctions; this effect greatly increases electrical conductivity, but also increases thermal conductivity. Thus, to obtain a high thermoelectric figure of merit, the balance between the two effects must be optimized. These results may enable CP/CNT composites, whose development is currently stagnating, to be developed into commercially available thermoelectrics, complementing their conventional inorganic counterparts.
Leveraging Symmetry for an Accurate Spin–Orbit Torques Characterization in Ferrimagnetic Insulators
Authors: Testa‐Anta Martín , Lambert Charles‐Henri , Avci Can Onur 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpin–orbit torques (SOTs) have emerged as an efficient means to electrically control the magnetization in ferromagnetic heterostructures. Lately, increasing attention has been devoted to SOTs in heavy metal (HM)/magnetic insulator (MI) bilayers owing to their tunable magnetic properties and insulating nature. Quantitative characterization of SOTs in HM/MI heterostructures is, thus, vital for the fundamental understanding of charge–spin interrelations and designing novel devices. However, the accurate determination of SOTs in MIs is limited due to low electrical signals and dominant spurious thermoelectric effects caused by Joule heating. Here, a simple method based on harmonic Hall voltage detection and macrospin simulations is reported that accurately quantifies the damping‐like and field‐like SOTs, and thermoelectric contributions separately in MI‐based systems. Experiments on the archetypical Bi‐doped YIG/Pt heterostructure using the developed method yield precise values for the field‐like and damping‐like SOTs, reaching −0.14 and −0.15 mT per 1.7 × 1011 A m−2, respectively. It is further revealed that current‐induced Joule heating changes the spin transparency at the interface, reducing the spin Hall magnetoresistance and damping‐like SOT, simultaneously. These results and the devised methodology can be beneficial for the fundamental understanding of SOTs in MI‐based heterostructures and device designs where accurate SOTs knowledge is necessary.
Type‐II Dirac Nodal Lines in a Double‐Kagome‐Layered Semimetal
Authors: Cai Yongqing , Wang Jianfeng , Wang Yuan , Hao Zhanyang , Liu Yixuan , Zhou Liang , Sui Xuelei , Jiang Zhicheng , Xu Shengjie , Ge Han , Ma Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Chengcheng , Shen Zecheng , Yang Yichen , Jiang Qi , Liu Zhengtai , Ye Mao , Shen Dawei , Liu Yi , Cui Shengtao , Wang Le , Liu Cai , Lin Junhao , Huang Bing , Wu Liusuo , Zhuang Jincheng , He Hongtao , Zhang Wenqing , Mei Jia‐Wei , Chen Chaoyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLorentz‐violating type‐II Dirac nodal line semimetals (DNLSs), hosting curves of band degeneracy formed by two dispersion branches with the same sign of slope, represent a novel state of matter. While being studied extensively in theory, convincing experimental evidence of type‐II DNLSs remain elusive. Recently, vanadium‐based kagome materials have emerged as a fertile ground to study the interplay between lattice symmetry and band topology. This work studies the low‐energy band structure of double‐kagome‐layered CsV8Sb12 and identifies it as a scarce type‐II DNLS protected by mirror symmetry. This work observes multiple DNLs consisting of type‐II Dirac cones close to or almost at the Fermi level via angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), which provides an electronic explanation for the nonsaturating magnetoresistance effect as observed. First‐principles theory analyses show that spin‐orbit coupling only opens a small gap, resulting in effectively gapless ARPES spectra, yet generating large spin Berry curvature. These type‐II DNLs, together with the interaction between a low‐energy van Hove singularity and quasi‐one‐dimensional band as observed in the same material, suggest CsV8Sb12 as an ideal platform for exploring novel transport properties.
High Performance and Durable Anode with 10‐Fold Reduction of Iridium Loading for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Torrero Jorge , Morawietz Tobias , García Sanchez Daniel , Galyamin Dmitry , Retuerto Maria , Martin‐Diaconescu Vlad , Rojas Sergio , Alonso José Antonio , Gago Aldo Saul , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) technology is especially advantageous for green H2 production as a clean energy vector. During the water electrolysis process, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) requires a large amount of iridium (2‐3 mgIr cm−2) as catalyst. This material is scarce and expensive, representing a major bottleneck for large‐scale deployment of electrolyzers. This work develops an anode with 10‐fold reduction of Ir loading (0.2 mgIr cm−2) compared to what it is used in commercial PEMWE for more than 1000 h. An advanced catalyst based on an Ir mixed oxide (Sr2CaIrO6) is used for this purpose. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses show that the unconventional structure of the reconstructed catalyst can contribute to the reduction of Ir in the catalyst layer. The reconfiguration of the ionomer in the catalyst layer is also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), results in almost the full coverage of the catalytic layer with ionomer. The results presented herein demonstrate that it is possible to achieve high performance and stability in PEMWE with low Ir loading in the anode without showing significant degradation.
Digital‐Twin‐Driven Diagnostics of Crack Propagation in a Single LiNi0.7Mn0.15Co0.15O2 Secondary Particle during Lithium Intercalation
Authors: Song Jihun , Lim Seong‐Hyeon , Kim Kyung‐Geun , Umirov Nurzhan , Lee Hyobin , Dzakpasu Cyril Bubu , Lim Jaejin , Nam Jieun , Park Joonam , Lee Je‐Nam , Munakata Hirokazu , Kanamura Kiyoshi , Kim Sung‐Soo , Lee Yong Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCrack propagation has been extensively spotlighted as a main reason for the degradation of secondary‐particle‐type active materials, including LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMC). Numerous experimental analyses and 3D‐modeling‐based investigations have been conducted to unravel this complicated phenomenon, especially for nickel‐rich NMCs, which experience substantial crack propagation during high‐voltage, high‐temperature, or high‐depth‐of‐discharge operations. To fundamentally clarify this unavoidable degradation factor and permit its suppression, a digital‐twin‐guided electro–chemo–mechanical (ECM) model of a single few‐micrometer‐sized LiNi0.7Mn0.15Co0.15O2 (NMC711) particle is developed in this study using a 3D reconstruction technique. Because the digital twin technique replicates a real pore‐containing NMC711 secondary particle, this digital‐twin electrochemical model simulates voltage profiles even at 8C‐rate within an error of 0.48% by fitting two key parameters: diffusion coefficient and exchange current density. The digital‐twin‐based ECM model is developed based on the verified electrochemical parameters and mechanical properties such as lithium‐induced strain from axis lattice parameters and stress–strain curve measured by nanoindentation. Using this model, the electrochemical‐reaction‐induced mechanical properties including strain, stress, and strain energy density are also visualized in operando in a single NMC711 particle. Finally, the advanced operando ECM analysis allows for the diagnosis of crack formation, highlighting the effectiveness of this platform in elucidating crack formation in active materials.
Unveiling the Growth Mechanism of the Interphase between Lithium Metal and Li2S‐P2S5‐B2S3 Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Gao Chengwei , Zhang Jiahui , He Chengmiao , Fu Yanqing , Zhou Tianyue , Li Xu , Kang Shiliang , Tan Linling , Jiao Qing , Dai Shixun , Yue Yuanzheng , Lin Changgui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChalcogenides with high ionic conductivity and appropriate mechanical properties are promising solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) to substitute current liquid electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries. Yet, their practical applications in all‐solid‐state batteries are still retarded by both the low critical current density and the inferior interfacial stability toward electrodes. In this work, a series of superior SSEs, that is, Li2S‐P2S5‐B2S3 electrolytes, are developed via a ball‐milling and then melt‐quenching strategy. These SSEs exhibit a high critical current density of 1.65 mA cm−2 and a long cycling life of over 300 h. In addition, the evolution mechanism of the interphase between SSEs and metallic lithium is revealed via operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, depth‐profiling XPS, and in situ Raman spectroscopy. The structural and chemical heterogeneities are found to be the main origins of the continual interphase evolution. The resulting “multi‐layer mosaic like” interphase facilitates the suppression of Li dendrite growth, and hence, prolongs the lifetime of lithium‐ion all‐solid‐state batteries. In addition, the preparation technique of SSEs developed in the present work is feasible for scale‐up production.
Rational Design of a Stable Fe‐rich Ni‐Fe Layered Double Hydroxide for the Industrially Relevant Dynamic Operation of Alkaline Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Mehdi Muhammad , An Byeong‐Seon , Kim Haesol , Lee Sechan , Lee Changsoo , Seo Myeongmin , Noh Min Wook , Cho Won‐Chul , Kim Chang‐Hee , Choi Chang Hyuck , Kim Byung‐Hyun , Kim MinJoong , Cho Hyun‐Seok 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNickel‐iron layered double hydroxides (Ni‐Fe LDHs) consist of stacked Fe3+‐doped positively charged Ni‐hydroxide layers containing charge‐balancing anions and water molecules between the layers. Although Ni‐Fe LDHs are highly active in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions, their poor operational stability remains an issue. Herein, based on density functional theory calculations, it is proposed that the inclusion of a higher Fe content (>40%) than the theoretical Fe3+ limit (≈25%) permitted by Ni‐Fe LDHs can lead to improved structural stability. An Fe‐rich Ni‐Fe LDH electrode is therefore prepared via a growth strategy based on the controlled oxygen corrosion of an Fe substrate, by enabling the incorporation of additional Fe2+ into the Ni2+‐Fe3+ LDH structure. Indeed, microstructural and elemental analysis confirm the presence of additional Fe2+. This Fe‐rich Ni‐Fe LDH electrode not only offers a low OER overpotential (≈270 mV at 200 mA cm−2) but also exhibits an excellent operational stability under dynamic operating environments without any significant performance degradation or metal ion dissolution. Finally, the practical feasibility of the Fe‐rich Ni‐Fe LDH electrode is demonstrated in a single‐cell (34.56 cm2) operation. These findings are expected to aid in the development of reliable OER electrodes for use in commercial water electrolyzers.
Spatial distribution of maize grain quality and its influence by climatic factors across China
Authors: Liu Wanmao , Jia Biao , Baloch Nazia , Sun Ying , Liu Guangzhou , Yang Yunshan , Guo Xiaoxia , Ming Bo , Xie Ruizhi , Wang Keru , Li Shaokun , Hou Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) grain quality is an important economic trait directly determining the market price and application value of maize. In this study, maize grain starch, protein, oil, fiber concentrations, and bulk density were investigated based on a multi‐site experiment across China to determine the regional distribution trend of grain quality and its influencing factors. It showed that the mean starch, protein, oil, fiber concentrations, and bulk density in China were 73.4%, 9.5%, 4.2%, 3.6%, and 77.2 kg hL−1, respectively. Overall, each nutritional composition concentration did not show the same spatial distribution as grain yield that was in the order of Northwest (NW) > North (NM) > Huanghuaihai (HM) > Southwest (SW) maize region. The starch and protein concentrations were highest in SW and HM, respectively. The oil concentration was lowest in NW. The interregional difference in bulk density was not significant. As for cultivars, the starch and oil concentrations of ZD958 were higher than that of XY335 in each region, but the protein, fiber concentrations, and bulk density appeared to be the opposite trend. Correlation analysis indicated that the fiber concentration and bulk density were positively correlated with grain yield. The protein, oil, and fiber concentrations were negatively correlated with starch concentration. Among the considered climatic factors, the protein, fiber concentrations, and bulk density were mainly positively affected by temperature factors in China. The results provide a reference for the division of maize advantageous quality regions and the construction of high‐yield and quality technology model in typical ecological regions.
Impact of crop establishment techniques and weed management practices on Oryza sativa L. growth and yield
Authors: Nazir Aijaz , Bhat Mohammad Anwar , Bhat Tauseef Ahmad , Bhat Suhail Fayaz , Qayoom Sameera , Hussain Ashaq , Lone Bilal Ahmad , Jan Bisma , Dar Showket A. , John James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to increased demand, labor costs, and water scarcity, farmers look for an alternative way of rice cultivation under prevailing conventional transplanting. Direct‐seeded Oryza sativa and system of rice intensification (SRI) have been developed as superior substitutes to transplanting. However, if weeds are not controlled properly, the direct seeding method faces serious weed infestation and yield losses. In this context, a field study was undertaken during kharif growing seasons to evaluate the growth and yield of O. sativa under various crop establishment methods and weed management practices. The results revealed that system of rice intensification (SRI) method of crop establishment significantly produced taller plants, higher dry matter accumulation, a greater number of tillers per meter square, highest leaf area index, yield attributes, namely, panicle density, panicle length, and grains per panicle, and higher grain and straw yield over direct seeded rice (DSR) and transplanted O. sativa. Among the various weed management practices, penoxsulam produced significantly higher grain and straw yield. The results demonstrated that average grain yield increase with SRI was reported to be 24.11% and 23.62% over DSR and 10.47% and 12.23% over transplanted O. sativa. Among various establishment techniques, lower weed density and dry weed biomass were achieved by transplanting O. sativa. Penoxsulam herbicides significantly reduced the weed density and dry weed biomass but penoxsulam herbicide demonstrated significantly the maximum reduction in number of weeds per meter square and dry weed biomass and proved superior against complex weed flora.
Preparation of calcium sulfide by sludge‐assisted rice husk reduction of phosphogypsum
Authors: Ma Dong , Wang Qinhui , Tian Zhihua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReduction of phosphogypsum (PG) to calcium sulfide (CaS) using thermochemical methods solve the environmental problems caused by PG. However, the commonly used reducing agents are coal and CO. The use of the above‐mentioned reducing agents is not economically efficient. In this paper, rice husk (RH) is used as a reducing agent and sludge (SL) as an additive to reduce PG. The effect of the two on PG decomposition and the mechanism of the synergistic effect are also investigated in combination with kinetic calculations. It is found that decomposition rate of CaSO4 in PG is 99.99% and yield of CaS is 98.38% when 40% RH + 20% SL is used as the reducing agent at 900°C for 30 min. The combined use of RH + SL is superior to RH alone in reducing the initial decomposition temperature and Ea. The mechanism functions of both reduced PG are G(α) = −ln(1 − α). There is a synergistic mechanism between RH and SL. The Fe2O3 in SL increases the cleavage of nitrogen oxide‐containing compounds and PAHs in tar to monocyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons while producing more CO, H2, and CH4. Meanwhile, SL ash can promote the reaction process of carbon with CaSO4, thus increasing the decomposition rate of PG.
Synthesis ofSMA‐PEGhyperdispersant and its stabilization mechanism for carbon black
Authors: Kang Yafang , Zhu Aiping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, four comb hyperdispersants (SMA‐MPEGA) with different side chain lengths and side chain densities were prepared by the amide coupling reaction of styrene‐maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer and methoxypolyethylene glycol amine (MPEGA). The dispersion behavior of SMA‐MPEGA on carbon black was investigated by rheology and water contact angle measurement. The combined technologies of transmission electron microscopy, digital light synthesis, zeta potential, surface tension and UV–Vis have been successfully used to reveal the stability mechanism of SMA‐MPEGA. The SMA3000‐MPEGA1000 with a molar ratio of styrene to maleic anhydride of 3:1 and the molecular weight of side chain PEG of 1000 has the optimum carbon black dispersion. The results of the effect of dispersant structure on its dispersion performance reveal that the stable adsorption of dispersant on the surface of carbon black is the key to obtaining a space or electrostatic repulsion stabilizing role.
Hot melt processing strategy to modify eucommia ulmoides gum by click reaction
Authors: Wu Yitong , Wei Jiajia , Huang Hailong , Cui Mengzhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnder the condition of hot melt processing, the modification of eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) by mercapto compounds, n‐Octyl mercaptan (OM), and isooctyl mercaptoacetate (IOMA) was realized by the click reaction of thiol‐ene. The 1H‐NMR results confirmed that the grafting rate of mercapto compounds was 2.28%–5.30% and 1.68%–3.85% when OM and IOMA reacted with EUG in thiol‐ene click reaction under hot melt processing conditions. The DSC results showed that the crystallinity of EUG‐OM was higher than that of EUG when the amount of grafted compound OM ranged from 0.86 to 1.39 mol%. When IOMA‐modified EUG products change from partially crystalline to amorphous, the critical value of IOMA is 2.15 mol%. With the grafting rate of mercapto compounds increasing, T10, T50, and T90 of mercapto modified EUG has decreased to some extent, the ML, MH, and the difference of MH and ML also decrease at the same time. Compared with unmodified EUG vulcanizate, the hardness and tensile strength of a mercapto compound modified EUG vulcanizate decrease, while the elongation at break significantly increases. The stress‐strain curve of a mercapto compound modified EUG vulcanizate confirmed the transition from rigid crystalline materials to elastomers. This property change should be attributed to the plasticizing effect caused by the crystallization property of the modified EUG. The chemical modification of EUG under solvent‐free conditions is environmentally friendly, and the product is uniform, which may be of great significance for practical industrialization.