bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patch repair protects cells from the small pore-forming toxin aerolysin
Authors: Thapa Roshan , Keyel Peter A. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Aerolysin family pore-forming toxins damage the membrane, but membrane repair responses used to resist them, if any, remain controversial. Four proposed membrane repair mechanisms include toxin removal by caveolar endocytosis, clogging by annexins, microvesicle shedding catalyzed by MEK, and patch repair. Which repair mechanism aerolysin triggers is unknown. Membrane repair requires Ca2+, but it is controversial if Ca2+ flux is triggered by aerolysin. Here, we determined Ca2+ influx and repair mechanisms activated by aerolysin. In contrast to what is seen with cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), removal of extracellular Ca2+ protected cells from aerolysin. Aerolysin triggered sustained Ca2+ influx. Intracellular Ca2+ chelation increased cell death, indicating that Ca2+-dependent repair pathways were triggered. Caveolar endocytosis failed to protect cells from aerolysin or CDCs. MEK-dependent repair did not protect against aerolysin. Aerolysin triggered slower annexin A6 membrane recruitment compared to CDCs. In contrast to what is seen with CDCs, expression of the patch repair protein dysferlin protected cells from aerolysin. We propose aerolysin triggers a Ca2+-dependent death mechanism that obscures repair, and the primary repair mechanism used to resist aerolysin is patch repair. We conclude that different classes of bacterial toxins trigger distinct repair mechanisms.
Metagenomic analysis of coastal Kenya female Aedes aegypti mosquito RNA metaviromes reveal presence of diverse insect specific viruses
Authors: Omuoyo Donwilliams O. , Nyamwaya Doris K. , Kamau Everlyn , Nyagwange James N. , Karanja Henry K. , Gitonga John N. , de Laurent Zaydah , Ngala Jonathan C. , Kinyua Johnson , Rono Martin K. , Mwangangi Joseph M. , Agoti Charles N. , Warimwe George M. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Coastal Kenya has experienced repeated outbreaks of Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue (DENV) viruses mediated by competent Aedes aegypti mosquito populations. These mosquitoes harbor insect specific viruses (ISVs), some of which can prevent arboviral transmission. However, there has been no systematic molecular entomological surveillance in coastal Kenya and the diversity of viruses in local Aedes aegypti populations remains largely unknown. Methods: To obtain a snapshot of the Aedes aegypti viromes from coastal Kenya, we took advantage of a cross-sectional survey of mosquitoes to determine the prevalence of Zika virus. We collected adult mosquitoes using lured Biogent’s sentinel traps at 16 different localities along the Kenyan coast between May to September 2017. Pools of 20 female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were generated following grouping by morphological characteristics. Presence of arboviruses in the mosquito pools was determined using virus-specific and genera-specific primers with real-time PCR. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) on Illumina Miseq and analysis was used to characterize the virome. Results: A total of 16,520 female Aedes aegypti grouped into 826 pools were analysed. Flaviviruses were detected in 69/826 (8.4%) pools by real time PCR. Sequencing generated 8,459/971,754 (0.87%) clean reads that were taxonomically assigned to 16 and 28 viral families and species, respectively. The family Phenuiviridae represented by Phasi Charoen-like phasivirus (PCLV) species was the most prevalent, detected in 64/73 (87%) mosquito pools. No pathogenic viruses were identified by mNGS. Phylogenetic analysis revealed local PCLV and Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) were distinct from global sequences. Conclusions: Our data provides information about virus diversity and composition of the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from coastal Kenya and contributes to the body of knowledge of the Aedes aegypti virome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide this information from this region.
Characterizing antibody responses to mosquito salivary antigens of the Southeast Asian vectors of malaria and dengue with a human challenge model of controlled exposure: a protocol
Authors: Sawasdichai Sunisa , Chaumeau Victor , Kearney Ellen , Wasisakun Praphan , Simpson Julie A. , Price David J. , Chotirat Sadudee , Rénia Laurent , Bergmann-Leitner Elke , Fowkes Freya , Nosten François 
Published: March 2023

Background: Measurement of antibody titers directed against mosquito salivary antigens in blood samples has been proposed as an outcome measure to assess human exposure to vector bites. However, only a handful of antigens have been identified and the specificity and longitudinal dynamics of antibody responses are not well known. We report the protocol of a clinical trial of controlled exposure to mosquito bites that aims to identify and validate biomarkers of exposure to bites of mosquito vector species that transmit malaria and dengue in Southeast Asia and some other parts of the world. Methods: This study is an exploratory factorial randomized control trial of controlled exposure to mosquito bites with 10 arms corresponding to different species (Aedes aegypt, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles dirus, An. maculatus and An. minimus) and numbers of bites (35 or 305 bites in total over 6 weeks). Blood samples will be collected from study participants before, during and after mosquito biting challenges. Candidate peptides will be identified from published literature with antigen prediction algorithms using mosquito DNA sequence data and with immunoblotting assays carried out using protein extracts of dissected mosquito salivary glands and participants samples. Antibody titers against candidate peptides will be determined in participants samples with high-throughput cutting-edge immuno-assays. Quantification of the antibody response profile over time (including an estimate of the decay rate) and the effect of the number of bites on the antibody response will be determined using linear and logistic mixed-effects models for the continuous and the binary response, respectively. Conclusion: This research is expected to generate important knowledge for vector sero-surveillance and evaluation of vector-control interventions against malaria and dengue in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Registration: This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04478370) on July 20th, 2020.
A pilot study of a digital ostomy leakage notification system: impact on worry and quality of life
Authors: Brady Richard RW , Fellows Jane , Meisner Søren , Olsen Jesper Kenneth , Vestergaard Martin , Ajslev Teresa Adeltoft 
Published: March 2023

Background: More than 90% of people with an ostomy worry about leakage, with associated high rates of psychological morbidity. Aims: To assess the performance of a novel digital ostomy leakage notification system in subjects with faecal stomas who experience and worry about leakage. Method: A prospective, single-arm, pilot study ( ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT04894084) with 25 subjects testing the product for 21 days. Subjects completed questionnaires at baseline and termination of study evaluating leakage episodes, leakage worry and quality of life (QoL). Findings: Mean age was 56 years, 60% had an ileostomy, and 40% were females. Mean episodes of leakage outside the baseplate decreased significantly from 2.8 to 0.5 episodes after 21 days' use of the test product (P<0.001), worry about leakage decreased significantly (P<0.001) and QoL improved. Conclusion: The findings indicate strong improvements to emotional health with the test product, driven by reductions in leakage incidents outside baseplate and in users' worry about leakage.
AS CORES DO CÉU
Authors: Jesús Correia Jornandes 
Published: March 2023

Uma fração da radiação emitida pelo Sol atinge a atmosfera terrestre e dá origem, de forma direta ou indireta, a vários fenômenos de natureza térmica, óptica, elétrica, magnética e acústica. O aquecimento da atmosfera, o arco-íris, as auroras, os halos e as coroas solar e lunar, o brilho e a variedade das cores do céu são apenas alguns dentre uma infinidade de meteoros que têm seus fundamentos teóricos embasados por espalhamento de radiação pelos sistemas que formam a atmosfera terrestre. Este artigo visa analisar parte dos efeitos de natureza óptica que ocorrem na atmosfera terrestre desde o nascer até o por do Sol. Um destes efeitos analisados é sobre a cor do céu. Se a cor da atmosfera estivesse condicionada ao espalhamento Rayleigh, o céu deveria ser violeta; se a percepção de uma cor dependesse apenas do máximo da curva de sensibilidade espectral relativa para a visão humana, o céu deveria ser verde; se a cor emitida pela atmosfera estivesse associada ao máximo do espectro de emissão do Sol avaliado base da atmosfera terrestre, o céu deveria ser anil. Logo, conclui-se que o azul do céu é consequente de uma superposição de efeitos não apenas físicos, mas também fisiológicos.
Digitale Identitäten
Authors: Anke Jürgen , Richter Daniel 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie digitale Transformation überführt Geschäfts- und Verwaltungsabläufe in den digitalen Raum. Zu deren sicherer und rechtskonformer Durchführung ist es oft notwendig, sich von den notwendigen Eigenschaften der Beteiligten zu überzeugen. Dafür werden digitale Identitäten eingesetzt, die Personen und andere Entitäten mittels Sammlungen von Attributen repräsentieren. Allerdings führt die große Vielfalt von Verfahren und Methoden für das Identitätsmanagement zu hoher Komplexität und Kosten. Als ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur Überwindung dieser Hürden erscheint das Paradigma der selbstbestimmten Identität. Es soll eine durchgängige sichere Identifizierung und Authentifizierung von Personen, Organisationen und Objekten ermöglichen. Dafür werden digitale Nachweise (Verifiable Credentials) über beliebige Sachverhalte von Herausgebern in einer kryptografisch gesicherten Form bereitgestellt. Die Inhaber dieser Nachweise verwalten diese selbst in digitalen Wallets und können sie bei Bedarf an Dritte zum Nachweis von diversen Merkmalen übermitteln. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand digitaler Identitäten, den ihnen zugrundeliegenden Verfahren sowie den damit verbundenen praktischen Problemen. Darauf aufbauend werden laufende Aktivitäten zur Entwicklung einheitlich nutzbarer digitaler Nachweise gegeben, die eine Grundlage für künftige digitale Ökosysteme bilden. Zudem wird eine Einordnung in die aktuelle Forschung der Wirtschaftsinformatik zu diesem Thema gegeben.
Effectiveness of healthcare workers and volunteers training on improving tuberculosis case detection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amare Desalegne , Getahun Fentie Ambaw , Mengesha Endalkachew Worku , Dessie Getenet , Shiferaw Melashu Balew , Dires Tegenaw Asemamaw , Alene Kefyalew Addis 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Tuberculosis is the second most common infectious cause of death globally. Low TB case detection remains a major challenge to achieve the global End TB targets. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether training of health professionals and volunteers increase TB case detection.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials and non-randomized control trials reporting on the effectiveness of health professionals and volunteers training on TB case detection. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and reference sections of included articles from inception through to 15 February 2021, for studies published in English. Study screening, data extraction, and bias assessments were performed independently by two reviewers with third and fourth reviewers participating to resolve conflicts. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Meta-analyses were performed with a random effect model to estimate the effectiveness of training intervention on TB case detection.

Results
Of the 2015 unique records identified through our search strategies, 2007 records were excluded following the screening, leaving eight studies to be included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that providing training to health professionals and volunteers significantly increased TB case detection (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.53, 1.66). There was not a significant degree of heterogeneity across the included study on the outcome of interest (I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.667).

Conclusions
Providing training to healthcare workers and volunteers can increase TB case detection.
Associations between socioeconomic status and screen time among children and adolescents in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ke Youzhi , Chen Sitong , Hong Jintao , Liang Yahan , Liu Yang 
Published: March 2023

Background
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of screen time (ST) in children and adolescents, however, the association between SES and ST is not fully understood in China. This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and ST (operationalized as meeting the ST guidelines; no more than 2 hours per day) in Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods
Cross-sectional data of 2,955 Chinese children and adolescents aged 8 to 17(53.4% girls) were used. SES was measured using indicators of parental education and perceived family wealth. ST was assessed with detailed items from the Health Behaviour School-aged Children survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test were used to report the sample characteristics and analyse ST differences across different sociodemographic groups. A binary logistic regression was then applied to analyse the association of SES indicators with ST in children and adolescents.

Results
Overall, 25.3% of children and adolescents met the ST guidelines. Children and adolescents with higher parental education levels were 1.84 [95% CI 1.31–2.57; father] and 1.42 [95% CI 1.02–1.98; mother] times more likely to meet the ST guidelines than those with lower parental education levels. Associations between SES and ST varied across sex and grade groups. Moreover, the associations of SES with ST on weekdays and weekends were different.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the association between SES and ST in children and adolescents, highlighting the importance of targeting children and adolescents with low SES levels as an intervention priority. Based on our findings, specific interventions can be tailored to effectively reduce ST. Future studies are encouraged to use longitudinal or interventional designs to further determine the association between SES and ST.
Mid-term health-related quality of life in community-acquired bacterial meningitis survivors; the COMBAT study
Authors: Della Vecchia Claire , Ebah Josée Vicentia , Tubiana Sarah , Guimard Thomas , Piroth Lionel , Jaffuel Sylvain , Gorenne Isabelle , Mourvillier Bruno , Hoen Bruno , Duval Xavier , Préau Marie 
Published: March 2023

Background
Community Acute Bacterial Meningitis (CABM) is a rare infectious disease leading to important impairments. Our aim was to describe CABM survivors’ quality of life (QOL) 12 months post-CABM and to assess its associations with CABM sequelae.

Methods
Patients included in the CABM COMBAT cohort were evaluated one year after the CABM episode. Data were collected by questionnaire, via phone calls with the patients. The WHOQOL-BREF was used to measure CABM survivors’ QOL. Hierarchical multivariate linear regressions were performed.

Results
Study population was composed of 284 patients. At 12 months, 53.9% (153/284) reported at least incident headache/worsening headache intensity at 12 months post-CABM, and/or incident hearing impairment, and/or unfavourable disability outcome (GOS). Unfavourable disability outcome was associated with lower physical health QOL (B = -30.35, p<0.001), lower mental health QOL (B = -15.31, p<0.001), lower environmental QOL (B = -11.08, p<0.001) and lower social relationships QOL (B = -9.62, p<0.001). Incident headache/worsening headache since meningitis onset was associated with lower psychological health (B = -5.62, p = 0.010). Incident hearing impairment was associated with lower physical QOL (B = -5.34, p = 0.030). Hierarchical regressions showed that CABM impairments significantly increase explanatory power of multivariate models (for physical health R2 change = 0.42, p<0.001, for psychological health R2 change = 0.23, p<0.001, for social relationships R2 change = 0.06, p<0.001 and for environment domain R2 change was 0.15, p<0.001).

Conclusions
12 month-CABM burden is heavy. Early detection and management of CABM impairments should be performed in clinical practice as early as possible to optimize patients’ psychological and psychosocial functioning.

ClinicalTrial. Gov identification number
NCT01730690.
Non-oncological gynecological diagnoses in a women’s health care service during the pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Authors: Parada Laís Ribeiro Coca , Turri José Antonio Orellana , Helena da Costa Valery , Vieira Ingrid Batista , Baracat Edmund Chada , Soares Júnior José Maria , Sorpreso Isabel Cristina Esposito 
Published: March 2023

Objective
Analyze clinical factors and non-oncological gynecological diagnoses before and during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
Crosssectional study at an Outpatient Gynecology Clinic in Brazil involving medical consultations performed during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The number of visits, prevalence of non-oncological gynecological diagnoses, and clinical-demographic data were analyzed. Parametric continuous variables were evaluated by Student’s t-test and ANOVA tests, non-parametric variables were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, and categorical or binary variables were evaluated by chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Univariate logistic regression tests were performed, and variables with p ≤ 0.20 were subjected to multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
There were 1,236 records during the pre-pandemic period and 530 during the pandemic, reflecting a significant reduction (57.88%; p = 0.001) in medical consultations. The outpatient prevalence of women older than 50 y (OR 0.85; 95%CI 0.68–1.05) reduced, and the outpatient prevalence of postmenopausal women with hot flashes (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.09–1.65; p = 0.005) and alcohol consumption habits (OR 2.76; 95%CI 1.15–6.59; p = 0.023) increased. There was a 6% proportional increase in noninflammatory disorders of the female genital tract (p = 0.030) and a 72.4% decrease in general physical examinations, contraception, and procreation (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that there was an increased prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding (OR, 1.7; 95% CI 1.34–2.16; p = 0.001) and endometriosis (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.13–2.42; p = 0.01).

Conclusion
Medical consultations for benign gynecological diseases during the pandemic prevented non-inflammatory disorders of the female genital tract, with an emphasis on abnormal uterine bleeding and endometriosis. There was an increased prevalence of women under 50 years of age, women with symptoms of hot flashes, and alcohol consumption habits and a reduction in the prevalence of general physical examinations, contraception, and procreation.
Burnout syndrome among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross sectional study in Monastir, Tunisia
Authors: Zemni Imen , Dhouib Wafa , Sakly Sihem , Bennasrallah Cyrine , Gara Amel , Kacem Meriem , Ben Fredj Manel , Abroug Hela , Elbaroudi Aicha , Bouanene Ines , Sriha Belguith Asma 
Published: March 2023

Background
Burnout syndrome may affect the safety of frontline healthcare care workers (HCW) and patients. We aimed to measure the prevalence of burnout among HCW in care facilities in Tunisia during the Covid-19 pandemic and to identify its associated factors.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among HCW practicing during the covid-19 pandemic in health care facilities in the governorate of Monastir. Data collection was carried out using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire composed by three sections: epidemiological and clinical characteristics, professional conditions and the Maslach Burn out Inventory (MBI-HSS).

Results
This study included 371 HCW. The prevalence of burnout was 77.9% (CI 95%: 73.6% - 82.1%). The severe level was found in 71 participants (19.1%), the moderate level in 115 (31%) and the low level in 103 (27.8%). The distribution of the levels of the burnout dimensions among the participants was as follows: high emotional exhaustion (EE) (57.4%), high depersonalization (DP) (39.4%) and low personal accomplishment (22.6%). The main determinants of burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID 19 pandemic were: working more than 6 hours per day (OR = 1.19; CI95% [1.06; 1.34]), physician function (OR = 1.17; CI 95% [1.05; 1.31]), feeling a negative impact of work on family life (OR = 1.40; 95% CI [1.13; 1.73]), and high personal estimation of COVID 19 exposure (OR = 1.15; CI95% [1.02; 1.29]).

Conclusion
During the COVID19 pandemic, the prevalence of burnout among health professionals was high. It was related to hard implication in COVID 19 management. Interventions like adjusting working hours, reducing workload, and providing psychological support should be taken.
The effects of upper body blood flow restriction training on muscles located proximal to the applied occlusive pressure: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Pavlou Kyriakos , Korakakis Vasileios , Whiteley Rod , Karagiannis Christos , Ploutarchou George , Savva Christos 
Published: March 2023

Background
Blood flow restriction combined with low load resistance training (LL-BFRT) is associated with increases in upper limb muscle strength and size. The effect of LL-BFRT on upper limb muscles located proximal to the BFR cuff application is unclear.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of LL-BFRT compared to low load, or high load resistance training (LL-RT, HL-RT) on musculature located proximal to cuff placement.

Methods
Six electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias using the PEDro scale. We performed a meta-analysis using a random effects model, or calculated mean differences (fixed-effect) where appropriate. We judged the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.

Results
The systematic literature searched yielded 346 articles, of which 9 studies were eligible. The evidence for all outcomes was of very low to low certainty. Across all comparisons, a significant increase in bench press and shoulder flexion strength was found in favor of LL-BFRT compared to LL-RT, and in shoulder lean mass and pectoralis major thickness in favor of the LL-BFRT compared to LL-RT and HL-RT, respectively. No significant differences were found between LL-BFRT and HL-RT in muscle strength.

Conclusion
With low certainty LL-BFRT appears to be equally effective to HL-RT for improving muscle strength in upper body muscles located proximal to the BFR stimulus in healthy adults. Furthermore, LL-BFRT may induce muscle size increase, but these adaptations are not superior to LL-RT or HL-RT.
Infliximab for Steroid-Refractory Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Townsend Matthew J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Grover Shilpa 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Acute pancreatitis is an infrequent but clinically significant complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Guidelines recommend high-dose steroids and withdrawal of ICI in patients with severe ICI-induced pancreatitis. Management of steroid-refractory ICI pancreatitis is unclear. Infliximab is used to treat select extrapancreatic immune-related adverse events, but its role in ICI pancreatitis remains undefined. To our knowledge, we describe the first case of ICI pancreatitis successfully treated with infliximab after inadequate steroid response (recurrent pancreatitis on multiple attempted steroid tapers). Infliximab may be a viable treatment of steroid-refractory ICI pancreatitis. Further study of its potential effectiveness may improve guideline-directed care.