bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Rocky road’ & ‘brick walls’ – Multiple meanings of resilience in a social work context through the lens of critical realist Informed grounded theory
Authors: Sims-Schouten Wendy , Thapa Manisha 
Published: January 2023

This study seeks to build an explanation of the multiple meanings of resilience in a social work context, centralising the interplay between human agency (meaning-making, motivations and intentionality) and social structures (enduring patterns, social rules, norms and laws). Specifically, this research provides insight into how care-experienced people (aged 17–50 years old) and social workers and affiliated practitioners in England make sense of ‘resilience’ and ‘resilient’ behaviours. Critical realist informed grounded theory (CRGT) provides unique opportunities here, with critical realist’s primacy of ontology as the starting point and grounded theory providing the epistemological force, contextualising research and imbedding this more firmly into practice. Drawing on the four stages of retroductive argumentation proposed by Kempster and Parry (2014) and developed by us, we identify a number of key themes, namely, ‘Having/Building an Ability’ – ‘Rocky Road’ and ‘Brick Walls’ – Resilience as Resistance – ‘Compliance’, as well as causal factors impacting upon the themes (such as traumatic life experiences, protective factors, external support systems, political agendas, structure-agency relationships and stigma, discrimination and marginalisation). The research highlights how multiple causal mechanisms, including interpretations of situations by individuals (in this case care-experienced individuals and social workers/affiliated practitioners) interact and generate multiple meaning in relation to process and outcomes of resilience. The research thus provides insight into deeply embedded interpretations of resilience, which should be viewed in light of the stratified non-linear dynamics of embodied experiences, material/institutional forces and social relationships, that co-constitute subjectivity, as well as having an ongoing influence on body–brain systems.
Perceived stigma among diabetic patients and their caregivers: a review
Authors: Kaur R , Sinha AK 
Published: January 2023

Aims: Considerable number of studies in the existing literature indicate the existence of stigma related to many diseases, disabilities, and disorders, but less attention has been given to diabetes-related stigma. This narrative review of literature aims to explore the existence of stigma surrounding type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Literature were searched using search engines, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases published from year 2000 to 2020. Both qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on the stigma associated with T1DM were included. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of collected research material was done. Results: Results provided substantial evidence that stigma associated with T1DM was experienced by T1DM patients and their caregivers at some point in their lives and it had affected their lives in different domains such as difficulty finding a spouse, discrimination at employment opportunities, educational institutions, management of disease, being misjudged as a druggie, poor quality of life of the patient and caregiver, depressive symptoms among parents of patients, constant worrying of their child’s disease management, and so on. Conclusion: Stigma related to T1DM is experienced by individuals suffering from it, and it is widespread. It not only affects the sufferers but their loved ones also. To reduce and cope-up with stigma, there is a need to increase public education and awareness at a mass level. Further research and awareness will serve to build our understanding of the experience of diabetes-related stigma.
The impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in paediatric emergency departments and primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Brigadoi Giulia , Rossin Sara , Visentin Davide , Barbieri Elisa , Giaquinto Carlo , Da Dalt Liviana , Donà Daniele 
Published: January 2023

Background: Antibiotics remain the most prescribed medicine in children worldwide, but half of the prescriptions are unnecessary or inappropriate, leading to an increase in antibiotic resistance. This study aims to systemically review the effects of different Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes (ASPs) on reducing the rates of both antibiotic prescriptions and changes in antimicrobial resistance, and on the economic impact in paediatric emergency departments (PED) and primary care settings. Materials and methods: Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched, combining Medical Subject Heading and free-text terms for ‘children’ and ‘antimicrobial’ and ‘stewardship’. The search strategy involved restrictions on dates (from 1 January 2007 to 30 December 2020) but not on language. Randomized controlled trials, controlled and non-controlled before and after studies, controlled and non-controlled interrupted time series, and cohort studies were included for review. The review protocol was registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: Registration Number CRD42021270630. Results: Of the 47,158 articles that remained after removing duplicates, 59 were eligible for inclusion. Most of the studies were published after 2015 (37/59, 62.7%) and in high-income countries (51/59, 86.4%). Almost half of the studies described the implementation of an ASP in the primary care setting (28/59, 47.5%), while 15 manuscripts described the implementation of ASPs in EDs (15/59, 25.4%). More than half of the studies (43/59, 72.9%) described the implementation of multiple interventions, whereas few studies considered the implementation of a single intervention. Antibiotic prescriptions and compliance with guidelines were the most frequent outcomes (47/59, 79.7% and 20/59, 33.9%, respectively). Most of the articles reported an improvement in these outcomes after implementing an ASP. Meanwhile, only very few studies focused on health care costs (6/59, 10.2%) and antimicrobial resistance (3/59 5.1%). Conclusion: The implementation of ASPs has been proven to be feasible and valuable, even in challenging settings such as Emergency Departments and Primary care.
“People expect you to choose”: Postcolonial hybridity in complex geographies of scaled diaspora identities
Authors: Devadoss Christabel 
Published: January 2023

Hybridity in geography, specifically hybridity through a postcolonial lens, is often removed from postcolonial origins regarding geographic scale. I argue that postcolonial hybridity is key to situating geographic scalar identity within the context of postcolonial diasporas navigating competing ideas of nationalism and regionalism. Postcolonial hybridity as opposed to hybridity as hyphenated identity, provides a historically contingent lens useful to contextualizing lived scalar identities within diaspora communities, particularly in the United States, a nation founded on settler colonial ideologies. Drawing from 3 years of observational and interview-based research in the US Indian Tamil diaspora, I argue that scalar identity is a directly influenced by colonial constructions of race, identity, and ideas of nationalism. Drawing from Bhabha’s (1994) concept of hybridity, I demonstrate how scalar identity can be reconceptualized with respect to postcolonial geographies of identity.
Detecting the changes of wood properties with respect to elapsed years since wood formation by the eigenvalue distribution of near infrared spectral matrices
Authors: Fujimoto Takaaki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effects of aging on wood properties are usually evaluated based on cambial age, with the assumption that the properties do not change once the wood has formed. This study examined changes in wood properties with the number of years elapsed since wood formation. Near-infrared (NIR) spectra were acquired from various positions of 20 sample trees, and changes in the spectra were examined with respect to elapsed years. We considered changes in multiple traits inclusively, rather than individually, using the distribution of eigenvalues calculated from NIR spectral matrices. The diffusion of eigenvalues with an increase in elapsed years followed Dyson’s Brownian motion. The gradual increase in the first eigenvalue, which is equivalent to the Helmholtz-free energy, indicates that the xylem in the heartwood changes to a more ordered physical state over time. The variations in Shannon entropy and density matrix with elapsed years revealed the irreversibility of the aging process. The proposed method is independent of a specific coordinate system and can, therefore, be applied using a wide variety of information other than that obtained from NIR spectra.
Systematic characterization of Brassica napus UBC13 genes involved in DNA-damage response and K63-linked polyubiquitination
Authors: Kumasaruge Ivanthi , Wen Rui , Wang Lipu , Gao Peng , Peng Gary , Xiao Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Ubc13 is the only known ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (Ubc/E2) dedicated to promoting Lys (K)63-linked polyubiquitination, and this process requires a Ubc/E2 variant (UEV). Unlike conventional K48-linked polyubiquitination that targets proteins for degradation, K63-linked polyubiquitination, which is involved in several cellular processes, does not target proteins for degradation but alter their activities.

Results
In this study we report the identification and functional characterization of 12 Brassica napus UBC13 genes. All the cloned UBC13 gene products were able to physically interact with AtUev1D, an Arabidopsis UEV, to form stable complexes that are capable of catalyzing K63-linked polyubiquitination in vitro. Furthermore, BnUBC13 genes functionally complemented the yeast ubc13 null mutant defects in spontaneous mutagenesis and DNA-damage responses, suggesting that BnUBC13s can replace yeast UBC13 in mediating K63-linked polyubiquitination and error-free DNA-damage tolerance.

Conclusion
Collectively, this study provides convincing data to support notions that B. napus Ubc13s promote K63-linked polyubiquitination and are probably required for abiotic stress response. Since plant Ubc13-UEV are also implicated in other developmental and stress responses, this systematic study sets a milestone in exploring roles of K63-linked polyubiquitination in this agriculturally important crop.
Characterisation of patients referred to a tertiary-level inherited cardiac condition clinic with suspected arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
Authors: Aljehani A. , Kew T. , Baig S. , Cox H. , Sommerfeld L. C. , Ensam B. , Kalla M. , Steeds R. P. , Fabritz L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a rare inherited disease with incomplete penetrance and an environmental component. Although a rare disease, ARVC is a common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. Data on the different stages of ARVC remains scarce. The purpose of this study is to describe the initial presentation and cardiac phenotype of definite and non-definite ARVC for patients seen at a tertiary service.

Methods
This is a single centre, observational cohort study of patients with definite and non-definite ARVC seen at the Inherited Cardiac Conditions services at University Hospital Birmingham (UHB) in the period 2010–2021. Patients were identified by interrogation of digital health records, medical history, imaging and by examining 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG).

Result
The records of 1451 patients were reviewed; of those, 165 patients were at risk of ARVC (mean age 41 ± 17 years, 56% male). 60 patients fulfilled task force criteria for definite ARVC diagnosis (n = 40, 67% males), and 38 (72%) of them carried a known pathogenic variant. The remaining 105 patients (50% males) were non-definite, and of these 45 (62%) carried a known pathogenic variant. Patients in the definite group were more symptomatic, with palpitations (57% vs. 17%), syncope (35% vs. 6%) and shortness of breath (28% vs. 5%, p < 0.001). T-wave inversion in V1-V3 and epsilon waves were observed only in the definite group. Both PR interval and QRS duration were longer in the definite (170 ± 34 ms and 100 ± 19 ms, p < 0.001) compared to (149 ± 25 and 91 ± 14 ms, p = 0.005). Patients with definite ARVC had significantly larger RV end diastolic areas and significantly reduced biventricular function (RVEDA = 27 ± 10 cm2, RVFAC = 37 ± 11% and EF = 56 ± 12%) compared to the non-definite group (RVEDA = 18 ± 4 cm2, RVFAC 49 ± 6% and LVEF 64 ± 7%, p < 0.001). Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurred more frequently in the definite group compared to the non-definite group (27% vs. 2%, p < 0.001). Ventricular fibrillation was observed in the definite group only (8 of 60 patients, 13%).

Conclusion
Our study showed differences between definite and non-definite ARVC patients in terms of clinical, electrophysiological and imaging features. Major adverse cardiac events occurred more commonly in the definite group, but also were observed in non-definite ARVC. This single centre observational cohort study forms a basis for further prospective multicentre interventional studies.
Temporary atrial septal defect balloon occlusion test as a must in the elderly
Authors: Alexandre André , Luz André , de Frias André Dias , Santos Raquel Baggen , Brochado Bruno , Oliveira Filomena , Silveira João , Torres Severo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Atrial septal defect (ASD) can often remain asymptomatic until adulthood. It still remains unclear whether large ASD closure in senior people should be performed or not. Temporary ASD balloon occlusion test has been suggested as a tool to assess the risk of acute left ventricular heart failure post-ASD closure, and it allows to better distinguish responders from non-responders.

Case presentation
An 83-year-old man with a long-standing uncorrected secundum ASD was admitted for recently decompensated right-sided heart failure. During hospitalization, this patient was studied with trans-esophageal echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and right heart catheterization, showing high Qp:Qs ratio and favorable anatomical conditions for percutaneous closure. Because of patient’s increasing need for intravenous diuretics and worsening renal function, it was considered that transcatheter ASD closure could improve symptoms, hence it was performed an attempt of percutaneous closure of the ASD with a fenestrated device. Unfortunately, irrespective of ASD being hemodynamically significant, it was found a very significant increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during the temporary balloon occlusion test, supporting the existence of concealed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. As a result, it was decided to abandon the procedure and not to close the ASD.

Conclusion
This clinical case illustrates the value of temporary balloon occlusion test before permanent percutaneous closure of ASD in elderly patients, regardless of left ventricular (systolic or diastolic) dysfunction.
Power and sample size analysis for longitudinal mixed models of health in populations exposed to environmental contaminants: a tutorial
Authors: Harrall Kylie K. , Muller Keith E. , Starling Anne P. , Dabelea Dana , Barton Kelsey E. , Adgate John L. , Glueck Deborah H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhen evaluating the impact of environmental exposures on human health, study designs often include a series of repeated measurements. The goal is to determine whether populations have different trajectories of the environmental exposure over time. Power analyses for longitudinal mixed models require multiple inputs, including clinically significant differences, standard deviations, and correlations of measurements. Further, methods for power analyses of longitudinal mixed models are complex and often challenging for the non-statistician. We discuss methods for extracting clinically relevant inputs from literature, and explain how to conduct a power analysis that appropriately accounts for longitudinal repeated measures. Finally, we provide careful recommendations for describing complex power analyses in a concise and clear manner.MethodsFor longitudinal studies of health outcomes from environmental exposures, we show how to [1] conduct a power analysis that aligns with the planned mixed model data analysis, [2] gather the inputs required for the power analysis, and [3] conduct repeated measures power analysis with a highly-cited, validated, free, point-and-click, web-based, open source software platform which was developed specifically for scientists.ResultsAs an example, we describe the power analysis for a proposed study of repeated measures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human blood. We show how to align data analysis and power analysis plan to account for within-participant correlation across repeated measures. We illustrate how to perform a literature review to find inputs for the power analysis. We emphasize the need to examine the sensitivity of the power values by considering standard deviations and differences in means that are smaller and larger than the speculated, literature-based values. Finally, we provide an example power calculation and a summary checklist for describing power and sample size analysis.ConclusionsThis paper provides a detailed roadmap for conducting and describing power analyses for longitudinal studies of environmental exposures. It provides a template and checklist for those seeking to write power analyses for grant applications.
The reporting of prognostic prediction models for obstetric care was poor: a cross-sectional survey of 10-year publications
Authors: Liu Chunrong , Qi Yana , Liu Xinghui , Chen Meng , Xiong Yiquan , Huang Shiyao , Zou Kang , Tan Jing , Sun Xin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
To investigate the reporting of prognostic prediction model studies in obstetric care through a cross-sectional survey design.

Methods
PubMed was searched to identify prognostic prediction model studies in obstetric care published from January 2011 to December 2020. The quality of reporting was assessed by the TRIPOD checklist. The overall adherence by study and the adherence by item were calculated separately, and linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between overall adherence and prespecified study characteristics.

Results
A total of 121 studies were included, while no study completely adhered to the TRIPOD. The results showed that the overall adherence was poor (median 46.4%), and no significant improvement was observed after the release of the TRIPOD (43.9 to 46.7%). Studies including both model development and external validation had higher reporting quality versus those including model development only (68.1% vs. 44.8%). Among the 37 items required by the TRIPOD, 10 items were reported adequately with an adherence rate over of 80%, and the remaining 27 items had an adherence rate ranging from 2.5 to 79.3%. In addition, 11 items had a report rate lower than 25.0% and even covered key methodological aspects, including blinding assessment of predictors (2.5%), methods for model-building procedures (4.5%) and predictor handling (13.5%), how to use the model (13.5%), and presentation of model performance (14.4%).

Conclusions
In a 10-year span, prognostic prediction studies in obstetric care continued to be poorly reported and did not improve even after the release of the TRIPOD checklist. Substantial efforts are warranted to improve the reporting of obstetric prognostic prediction models, particularly those that adhere to the TRIPOD checklist are highly desirable.
A digital divide in the COVID-19 pandemic: information exchange among older Medicare beneficiaries and stakeholders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Castillo Aaron , Rivera-Hernandez Maricruz , Moody Kyle A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented challenges for older adults. Medicare enrollment was already an overwhelming process for a high fraction of older adults pre-pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to gain understanding from community organizations and stakeholders about their pre-pandemic and during-pandemic experiences while adapting to continue offering insurance advice to seniors, what resources are available to seniors, and what needs to be done to help seniors make higher quality insurance choices in the Medicare program. In addition, we wanted to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic may have changed the ways that these stakeholders interacted with Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods
We employed a qualitative strategy to gain a deep understanding of the challenges that these organizations may have faced while offering advice/counseling to older adults. We accomplished this by interviewing a group of 30 stakeholders from different states.

Results
Every stakeholder mentioned that some older adults have difficulty making Medicare decisions, and 16 stakeholders mentioned that their system is complex and/or overwhelming for older adults. Twenty-three stakeholders mentioned that Medicare beneficiaries are often confused about Medicare, and this is more noticeable among new enrollees. With the onset of the pandemic, 22 of these organizations mentioned that they had to move to a virtual model in order to assist beneficiaries, especially at the beginning of the pandemic. However, older adults seeking advice/meetings have a strong preference for in-person meetings even during the pandemic. Given that the majority of the beneficiaries that these stakeholders serve may not have access to technology, it was difficult for some of them to smoothly transition to a virtual environment. With Medicare counseling moving to virtual or telephone methods, stakeholders discussed that many beneficiaries had difficulty utilizing these options in a variety of ways.

Conclusions
Findings from our interviews with stakeholders provided information regarding experiences providing Medicare counseling pre- and during-COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the barriers faced by older adults included a complex and overwhelming system, a strong preference for in-person meetings among beneficiaries, challenges with technology, and an increased risk of information overload and misinformation. While bias may exist within the study and sample, given that technology-savvy beneficiaries may not seek help from organizations our study participants work in, they show how the current Medicare system may impact vulnerable older adults who may need support with access to high-speed internet and digital literacy.