bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nano‐curcumin on various diseases: A comprehensive review of clinical trials
Authors: Hassanizadeh Shirin , Shojaei Mehrnaz , Bagherniya Mohammad , Orekhov Alexander N. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of curcumin have made it a valuable herbal product for improving various disorders, such as COVID‐19, cancer, depression, anxiety, osteoarthritis, migraine, and diabetes. Recent research has demonstrated that encapsulating curcumin in nanoparticles might improve its therapeutic effects and bioavailability. To our knowledge, the efficacy of nano‐curcumin on different aspects of health and disease has not been summarized in a study. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate nano‐curcumin's efficacy in various diseases based on the findings of clinical trials. In order to review publications focusing on nanocurcumin's impact on various diseases, four databases were searched, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This review highlights the potential benefits of nano‐curcumin in improving a wide range of human diseases including COVID‐19, neurological disorders, chronic disease, oral diseases, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome, and other diseases, especially as an adjunct to standard therapy and a healthy lifestyle.
Use of short videos and case studies to enhance student confidence in biochemistry knowledge and application in a large lecture biochemistry course in first year veterinary curriculum
Authors: Cardamone Carie , Linder Deborah E. , Knoll Joyce S. , Webster Cynthia R. L. , Murray Maureen , Frank Nicholas , Shorter Brittain , Heinze Cailin R. , Schonhoff Christopher M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLarge lecture courses are an efficient way to convey material to many students but have potential limitations, most notably the tendency for them to promote passive learning opportunities rather than active pedagogies. The curriculum at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, like many veterinary schools, contains many large lecture courses in the pre‐clinical curriculum. This objective of this study was to use two active pedagogical interventions in a first‐year lecture course named Veterinary Biochemistry and Metabolism that drew connections between basic science and several veterinary diseases. The first intervention targeted increasing students' intrinsic motivation and their confidence with understanding biochemistry concepts using videos created via collaborations between students, staff, and clinical and basic science faculty. The second intervention targeted active and collaborative learning via the implementation of clinical case studies completed in groups to relate lecture content to clinical scenarios with the aim of further enhancing student confidence in their knowledge of the material. To assess the effectiveness of these two interventions, pre‐and post‐course surveys using Likert style questions were administered to evaluate student confidence in the targeted concepts. The post‐survey included open‐ended responses on students' perspectives on their most important takeaways from the activities and their suggestions for improvements. The data showed a positive impact of these interventions on student motivation and confidence in their knowledge. This study provides support that targeted interventions to increase active learning strategies increase student engagement and may improve learning efficacy in large lecture courses.
Does exposure to research experiences have different learning outcomes than prior exposure to lab techniques in non‐research settings?
Authors: Beheshtian Cheyenne , Garcia Vanessa Elena , Zhu‐Hui Ng Tiffany , Alkhatib Sarah , Quang Erica , Cho Kira Jinju , Nguyen Timothy Duy , Le Dustin Nguyen , Kadandale Pavan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA large body of literature has established the benefits of undergraduate research experiences via the traditional apprenticeship model. More recently, several studies have shown that many of these benefits can be recapitulated in course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) that are more scalable and easier for students to participate in, compared to the apprenticeship‐based research experiences. Many Biology curricula also incorporate more traditional laboratory courses, where students learn to use common laboratory techniques through guided exercises with known outcomes. Indeed, many programs across the nation provide such programs or courses for students early in their careers, with a view toward increasing student interest and engagement in Biology. While there is general consensus that all lab experiences have some benefits for students, very few studies have examined whether either research experiences or learning biological techniques in more traditional lab courses directly impacts student performance in lecture courses. Here, we show that prior familiarity with laboratory techniques does not improve student performance in a lecture course, even if these techniques are directly related to content being taught in the course. However, having prior research experience improves performance in the course, irrespective of whether the research experience included the use of course‐related laboratory techniques.
Escape of lattice water in potassium iron hexacyanoferrate for cyclic optimization in potassium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wei Yaojie , Zhang Shuhua , Zhai Dengyun , Kang Feiyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPotassium iron hexacyanoferrate (Prussian blue [PB]) is a very competitive cathode for potassium‐ion batteries due to its 3D robust open framework. However, [Fe(CN)6]4− vacancies and lattice water existed in PB lattices aggravate electrochemical performances. Herein, PBs with different content of vacancies and lattice water are obtained under two synthesis temperatures of 0°C and 25°C. Although K1.36Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.74·0.48H2O (PB0) exhibits an outstanding rate capability compared with K1.43Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.94·0.42H2O (PB25), PB25 with less defects shows a lower polarization and superior stability than PB0 during the cycle. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra results show that lattice water can escape from PB lattices during the cycle, which enhances the diffusion of K+ kinetically in the PB structure. Benefited from this phenomenon, the diffusion coefficient of K+ in vacancy‐less PB25 reaches 10−8 in two reaction platforms. As potassium‐ion battery cathodes, PB25 displays higher capacity retention of 86.5% over 1000 cycles at 5 C than PB0 with 20.1% capacity retention over 600 cycles. This study provides a new understanding of [Fe(CN)6]4− vacancy and lattice water behavior in K‐containing PB structure.
Comparative proteomics reveals anticancer compounds from Lansium domesticum against NSCLC cells target mitochondrial processes
Authors: Alvarez Michael Russelle , De Juan Florence , Zhou Qingwen , Dimzon Ian Ken D. , Grijaldo Sheryl Joyce , Sunga Sean , Heralde Francisco , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Completo Gladys Cherisse , Nacario Ruel C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLansium domesticum is identified as a potential source of anticancer compounds. However, there are minimal studies on its anti‐lung cancer properties as well as its mechanism of action. Here, we show the specificity of lanzones hexane (LH) leaf extracts to non‐small cell lung cancer cells (A549) compared to normal lung fibroblast cells (CCD19‐Lu) and normal epithelial prostate cells (PNT2). Subsequent bioassay‐guided fractionation of the hexane leaf extracts identified two bioactive fractions with IC50 values of 2.694 μg/ml (LH6‐6) and 2.883 μg/ml (LH7‐6). LH 6‐6 treatment (1 μg/ml concentration) also showed a significantly reduced migration potential of A549 relative to the control. Thirty‐one phytocompounds were isolated and identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (MS) analysis and were then subjected to network pharmacology analysis to assess its effects on lung cancer target proteins. Using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry proteomics experiments, we were able to show that these compounds cause cytotoxic effects through targeting mitochondrial processes in A549 lung cancer cells.
Bifunctional Water Splitting Performance of NiFe LDH Improved by Pd2+ Doping
Authors: Liu Daoxin , Liu Jingru , Xue Bing , Zhang Jianan , Xu Zhiqiang , Wang Lumeng , Gao Xinyu , Luo Feng , Li Fangfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNobel metal doping is an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts. Herein, a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst based on NiFe layered double hydroxide with ultra‐low Pd2+ doping (NiFePd LDH) was constructed by a one‐step hydrothermal method, where the Pd2+ is introduced by PdCl42−. The results show that Ni2+ and Pd2+ species are concomitantly deposited, and the slow‐release introduction of Pd2+ improves the element uniform distribution and effectively affects the electronic structures of active species by inducing local defects and lattice distortions, which is beneficial for stimulating the catalytic activity of NiFePd LDH. Under the optimal hydrothermal time, NiFePd LDH‐3 h only requires OER/HER overpotentials of 270 mV at 50 mA cm−2/‐316 mV at −10 mA cm−2, respectively, whose Tafel slopes are only 69.3/135.8 mV dec−1. As a bifunctional catalyst, it achieves a low voltage of 1.74 V at 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting with excellent long‐term durability.
Functionalized MOF‐Based Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Fang Zhaohui , Yue Xiaoyang , Li Fang , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) materials have become a research forefront in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction attributed to their ultra‐high specific surface area, adjustable structure, and abundant catalytic active sites. Particularly, MOFs can be facilely tuned to match CO2 photoreduction by utilizing post‐modification of metal nodes, functionalization of organic linkers, and combination with other active materials. Herein, the recent advances in the construction strategy of MOF‐based photocatalysts materials for CO2 reduction are highlighted. Some systematic modification strategies on MOF‐based photocatalysts are also discussed, such as modification of metal sites and organic ligands, construction of heterojunction, introduction of single/dual‐atom, and strain engineering. Finally, the future development directions of MOF‐based photocatalysts in the field of CO2 reduction are presented.
Secondary Orbital Effect Involving Fluorine is Responsible for Substrate‐Controlled Diastereodivergence in the Catalyzed syn‐aza‐Henry Reaction of α‐Fluoronitroalkanes
Authors: Smajlagic Ivor , Johnston Jeffrey N. , Dudding Travis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe fluorine atom is a powerful, yet enigmatic influence on chemical reactions. True to form, fluorine was recently discovered to effect diastereodivergence in an enantioselective aza‐Henry reaction, resulting in a very rare case of syn‐β‐amino nitroalkane products. More bewildering was the observation of an apparent hierarchy of substituents within this substrate‐controlled behavior: Ph>F>alkyl. These cases have now been examined comprehensively by computational methods, including both non‐fluorinated and α‐fluoro nitronate additions to aldimines catalyzed by a chiral bis(amidine) [BAM] proton complex. This study revealed the network of non‐covalent interactions that dictate anti‐ (α‐aryl) versus syn‐selectivity (α‐alkyl) using α‐fluoronitronate nucleophiles, and an underlying secondary orbital interaction between fluorine and the activated azomethine.
Accelerating deep learning inference via layer truncation and transfer learning for fingerprint classification
Authors: Mukoya Esther , Rimiru Richard , Kimwele Michael , Gakii Consolata , Mugambi Grace 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiometric systems have been used extensively in the identification and verification of persons. Fingerprint biometrics stands out as the most effective due to their characteristics of Permanence, uniqueness, ergonomics, throughput, low cost, and lifelong usability. By reducing the number of comparisons, biometric recognition systems can effectively deal with large‐scale databases. Fingerprint classification is an important task used to reduce the number of comparisons by dividing fingerprints into classes. Deep learning models have demonstrated impressive classification performance in fingerprint classification tasks. The high‐level features of deep learning models can affect the transfer learning in deep learning models. Furthermore, the high‐level features involve high computational costs that can render difficulty in the deployment of the applications. This work proposes an improved system for fingerprint classification through the truncation of layers and transfer learning. Our approach modifies the ResNet50 model to improve its network inference speed and performance in fingerprint classification by removing some deep convolutional layers. We then finetune the modified model and train it using a fingerprint dataset. The results show that the finetuned modified model improves classification accuracy at a reduced computational cost. At only 5.1M parameters, our model obtained a classification accuracy of 93.3% and precision of 93.4% performing better than previous studies based on its size‐performance ratio.
Anger profiles among individuals seeking treatment for maladaptive anger: Associations with emotion regulation
Authors: Larsson Johannes , Bjureberg Johan , Hesser Hugo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIndividuals who experience problems with anger represent a heterogeneous group. Identifying clinically relevant subtypes of anger may advance treatment research. In the current study, latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to explore if distinct subtypes of anger could be identified within a sample of individuals seeking treatment for maladaptive anger (N = 538; 55.4% females; mean age = 39.78, SD = 12.28). Furthermore, the utility of the empirical classification was examined based on differences in usage of emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, mindful emotion awareness and relaxation) across subtypes. Four anger profiles were identified in the best‐fitted LPA model: Low Anger (n = 153, 28.4%), Anger In (n = 91, 16.9%), Moderate Anger (n = 193, 35.9%) and High Anger (n = 101, 35.5%). Results from the multinominal regression revealed that the use of emotion regulation differed across all profiles. Participants from the High Anger and Anger In profiles exhibited distinct patterns of dysfunctional emotion regulation. The results add to the increasing amount of evidence demonstrating a link between emotion regulation strategies and maladaptive anger. Clinical implications on how to tailor treatments for individuals with maladaptive anger are discussed.
Pooling robustness in distance sampling: Avoiding bias when there is unmodelled heterogeneity
Authors: Rexstad Eric , Buckland Steve , Marshall Laura , Borchers David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe pooling robustness property of distance sampling results in unbiased abundance estimation even when sources of variation in detection probability are not modeled. However, this property cannot be relied upon to produce unbiased subpopulation abundance estimates when using a single pooled detection function that ignores subpopulations.We investigate by simulation the effect of differences in subpopulation detectability upon bias in subpopulation abundance estimates. We contrast subpopulation abundance estimates using a pooled detection function with estimates derived using a detection function model employing a subpopulation covariate. Using point transect survey data from a multispecies songbird study, species‐specific abundance estimates are compared using pooled detection functions with and without a small number of adjustment terms, and a detection function with species as a covariate.With simulation, we demonstrate the bias of subpopulation abundance estimates when a pooled detection function is employed. The magnitude of the bias is positively related to the magnitude of disparity between the subpopulation detection functions. However, the abundance estimate for the entire population remains unbiased except when there is extreme heterogeneity in detection functions. Inclusion of a detection function model with a subpopulation covariate essentially removes the bias of the subpopulation abundance estimates. The analysis of the songbird point count surveys shows some bias in species‐specific abundance estimates when a pooled detection function is used.Pooling robustness is a unique property of distance sampling, producing unbiased abundance estimates at the level of the study area even in the presence of large differences in detectability between subpopulations. In situations where subpopulation abundance estimates are required for data‐poor subpopulations and where the subpopulations can be identified, we recommend the use of subpopulation as a covariate to reduce bias induced in subpopulation abundance estimates.
Seasonal flooding decreases fruit‐feeding butterfly species dominance and increases spatial turnover in floodplain forests of central Amazonia
Authors: Oliveira Isabela Freitas , Baccaro Fabricio Beggiato , Werneck Fernanda P. , Haugaasen Torbjørn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe seasonal flood pulse in Amazonia can be considered a primary driver of community structure in floodplain environments. Although this natural periodic disturbance is part of the landscape dynamics, the seasonal inundation presents a considerable challenge to organisms that inhabit floodplain forests. The present study investigated the effect of seasonal flooding on fruit‐feeding butterfly assemblages in different forest types and strata in central Amazonia. We sampled fruit‐feeding butterflies in the canopy and the understory using baited traps in adjacent upland (unflooded forests—terra firme), white and blackwater floodplain forests (várzea and igapó, respectively) during the low‐ and high‐water seasons. Butterfly abundance decreased in the high‐water season, especially of dominant species in várzea, but the number of species was similar between seasons in the three forest types. Species composition differed between strata in all forest types. However, the flood pulse only affected butterfly assemblages in várzea forest. The β‐diversity components also differed only in várzea. Species replacement (turnover) dominated the spatial β‐diversity in igapó and terra firme in both seasons and várzea in the high‐water season. Nonetheless, nestedness was relatively higher in várzea forests during the low‐water season, mainly due to the effect of dominant species. These results emphasize the importance of seasonal flooding to structure butterfly assemblages in floodplain forests and reveal the idiosyncrasy of butterfly community responses to flooding in different forest types. Our results also suggest that any major and rapid changes to the hydrological regime could severely affect floodplain communities adapted to this natural seasonal hydrological cycle, threatening the existence of these unique environments.
Resource availability modulates the effect of body size on reproductive development
Authors: Gergely Réka , Tökölyi Jácint 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWithin‐species variation in animal body size predicts major differences in life history, for example, in reproductive development, fecundity, and even longevity. Purely from an energetic perspective, large size could entail larger energy reserves, fuelling different life functions, such as reproduction and survival (the “energy reserve” hypothesis). Conversely, larger body size could demand more energy for maintenance, and larger individuals might do worse in reproduction and survival under resource shortage (the “energy demand” hypothesis). Disentangling these alternative hypotheses is difficult because large size often correlates with better resource availability during growth, which could mask direct effects of body size on fitness traits. Here, we used experimental body size manipulation in the freshwater cnidarian Hydra oligactis, coupled with manipulation of resource (food) availability to separate direct effects of body size from resource availability on fitness traits (sexual development time, fecundity, and survival). We found significant interaction between body size and food availability in sexual development time in both males and females, such that large individuals responded less strongly to variation in resource availability. These results are consistent with an energy reserve effect of large size in Hydra. Surprisingly, the response was different in males and females: small and starved females delayed their reproduction, while small and starved males developed reproductive organs faster. In case of fecundity and survival, both size and food availability had significant effects, but we detected no interaction between them. Our observations suggest that in Hydra, small individuals are sensitive to fluctuations in resource availability, but these small individuals are able to adjust their reproductive development to maintain fitness.
The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive review
Authors: Yan Quanxiang , Zhang Tao , O'Connor Christine , Barlow James W. , Walsh John , Scalabrino Gaia , Xu Feng , Sheridan Helen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVitamin K1 (VitK1) and Vitamin K2 (VitK2), two important naturally occurring micronutrients in the VitK family, found, respectively, in green leafy plants and algae (VitK1) and animal and fermented foods (VitK2). The present review explores the multiple biological functions of VitK2 from recently published in vitro and in vivo studies, including promotion of osteogenesis, prevention of calcification, relief of menopausal symptoms, enhancement of mitochondrial energy release, hepato‐ and neuro‐protective effects, and possible use in treatment of coronavirus disease. The mechanisms of action associated with these biological effects are also explored. Overall, the findings presented here suggest that VitK, especially VitK2, is an important nutrient family for the normal functioning of human health. It acts on almost all major body systems and directly or indirectly participates in and regulates hundreds of physiological or pathological processes. However, as biological and clinical data are still inconsistent and conflicting, more in‐depth investigations are warranted to elucidate its potential as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat a range of disease conditions.