bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied at different muscle lengths on muscle architecture and sarcomere morphology in rats
Authors: Uçar Nehir , Öner Hakan , Kuş Murat Abdulgani , Karaca Harun , Fırat Tüzün 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is often used to increase muscle strength and functionality. Muscle architecture is important for the skeletal muscle functionality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NMES applied at different muscle lengths on skeletal muscle architecture. Twenty‐four rats were randomly assigned to four groups (two NMES groups and two control groups). NMES was applied on the extensor digitorum longus muscle at long muscle length, which is the longest and stretched position of the muscle at 170° plantar flexion, and at medium muscle length, which is the length of the muscle at 90° plantar flexion. A control group was created for each NMES group. NMES was applied for 8 weeks, 10 min/day, 3 days/week. After 8 weeks, muscle samples were removed at the NMES intervention lengths and examined macroscopically, and microscopically using a transmission electron microscope and streo‐microscope. Muscle damage, and architectural properties of the muscle including pennation angle, fibre length, muscle length, muscle mass, physiological cross‐sectional area, fibre length/muscle length, sarcomere length, sarcomere number were then evaluated. There was an increase in fibre length and sarcomere number, and a decrease in pennation angle at both lengths. In the long muscle length group, muscle length was increased, but widespread muscle damage was observed. These results suggest that the intervention of NMES at long muscle length can increase the muscle length but also causes muscle damage. In addition, the greater longitudinal increase in muscle length may be a result of the continuous degeneration‐regeneration cycle.
BENDing with Polycomb in pluripotency and cancer
Authors: Khan Abid , Prasanth Supriya G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThree recent publications on BEND3 firmly establish its role as a novel sequence‐specific transcription factor that is essential for PRC2 recruitment and maintenance of pluripotency. Here, we briefly review our current understanding of the BEND3‐PRC2 axis in the regulation of pluripotency and also explore the possibility of a similar connection in cancer.
A microfluidic lung‐on‐a‐chip based on biomimetic hydrogel membrane
Authors: Shen Chong , Yang Huiming , She Wenqi , Meng Qin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLung‐on‐chips have showed great promise as a tool to recapitulate the respiratory system for investigation of lung diseases in the past decade. However, the commonly applied artificial elastic membrane (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) in the chip failed to mimic the alveolar basal membrane in the composition and mechanical properties. Here we replaced the PDMS film by a thin, biocompatible, soft, and stretchable membrane based on F127‐DA hydrogel that well approached to the composition and stiffness of extracellular matrix in human alveoli for construction of lung‐on‐a‐chip. This chip well reconstructed the mechanical microenvironments in alveoli so that the epithelial/endothelial functions were highly expressed with a well established alveolar‐capillary barrier. In opposite to the unexpectedly accelerated fibrotic process on the PDMS‐based lung‐on‐a‐chip, HPAEpiCs on hydrogel‐based chip only presented fibrosis under nonphysiologically high strain, well reflecting the features of pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. This physiologically relevant lung‐on‐a‐chip would be an ideal model in investigation of lung diseases and for development of antifibrosis drugs.
Analyzing the sustainable international competitiveness factors of SMEs by Fuzzy Delphi and Neutrosophic DEMATEL
Authors: Ghag Nikhil , Acharya Padmanav , Khanapuri Vivekanand 
Published: May 2023

AbstractToday's small and medium enterprise (SMEs) are under pressure to pursue complex growth strategies in order to increase their competitiveness and keep up with the rapidly changing international environment and sustainability. SMEs lack a holistic perspective on sustainability and internationalization; they are frequently hindered from contemplating environmentally favorable investments beyond what is legally needed. The purpose of this paper is to present a joint Fuzzy Delphi and Neutrosophic DEMATEL for identifying and finding cause‐effect relationship among international sustainable competitiveness factors for SMEs. This study addresses the issue by exploring international sustainable competitiveness factors and applying the novel method that integrate Fuzzy Delphi and Neutrosophic DEMATEL for understanding the cause‐effect relationship among them. Moreover, prioritizing the factors for attaining international sustainable competitiveness for Indian manufacturing SMEs. The findings show that “Managerial Orientation” and “Economic Performance” are the important for SMEs in gaining International sustainable competitiveness. Prioritizing factors and their cause‐and‐effect relationships allowed decision‐makers to concentrate on overcoming them in order to increase international sustainable Competitiveness. These findings offer some preliminary information as well as advice for managers and policymakers looking to integrate sustainable efforts. The study's objective is to aid executives in understanding the elements of their respective businesses' international sustainable competitiveness. The outcome demonstrates the strongest correlation between managerial orientation and economic performance. The originality of this study lies in its empirical research on Indian SMEs, which uses the Fuzzy Delphi and Neutrosophic DEMATEL method framework as a base for establishing cause‐and‐effect relationships among various international sustainable competitiveness factors.
Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties of Green and Brown Brazilian Propolis Collected in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Messias Anny Caroline , Lopes Gabriela Fonseca , de Souza Oliveira Rafaela , Álvares Horta Jacques Gabriel , Campos Oliveira Déborah , Brumana Correa Paula , Basques Caligiorne Rachel , Scardua Binda Nancy , de Figueiredo Sônia Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmong the 13 types of propolis classified in Brazil according to their physicochemical properties, green propolis and brown propolis are the most commonly found and used. In this work, a comparison of the physicochemical properties of green and brown propolis produced in Minas Gerais, Brazil was performed according to the methodology established by the Brazilian legislation. And, the content of 9 bioactive compounds in the samples was determined by RP‐HPLC. GrProp showed a higher content of pinocembrin, artepillin C and baccharin, and a higher quantity of total flavonoids, in comparison with BrwProp. The mechanical mass content in both types of propolis was above the limit established by legislation. However, the other physicochemical parameters were within the limits. The chemical composition, especially the flavonoid content and the free radical (DPPH) scavenger property confer to both types of propolis a promising pharmacological activity.
A Simple Protocol for the C−N Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Amines Applying Ni/NHC Catalysis
Authors: Khazipov Oleg V. , Pyatachenko Anastasia S. , Chernyshev Victor M. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the C−N cross‐coupling of aryl chlorides with (hetero)aryl‐ and alkyl amines under nickel catalysis has been developed. The main advantage of the protocol is the use of a self‐activated Ni/NHC catalytic system generated in situ from readily available bench‐stable air‐tolerant precursors: NiCl2Py2, IPr ⋅ HCl, and sodium tert‐butoxide. A mass spectrometry mechanistic study of the reaction system revealed the dynamics of competitive processes of Ni/NHC active species formation and degradation involving NHC reductive elimination reactions and tert‐butoxide base. Optimization of the NiCl2Py2/IPr ⋅ HCl/tBuONa ratio and the reaction temperature allowed efficient catalysis to be achieved. The developed simple protocol represents an alternative for methods relying on the use of air‐sensitive and unstable Ni(cod)2 or expensive well‐defined Ni/NHC precatalysts.
Overall Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction over Heterogeneous Semiconductor Photocatalysts
Authors: Huo Hailing , Wu Fang , Kan Erjun , Li Ang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe overall photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (PCRR), which uses solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into chemical feedstocks or fuels without sacrificial reagents, plays a momentous role in CO2 utilization and solar energy conversion. However, significant challenges remain in achieving efficient conversion. Researchers have explored various strategies to realize the overall PCRR efficiently. In this Review, we first explain the criteria for evaluating the overall PCRR and then summarize the following strategies developed over the past decade to promote it: self‐driving material development, Z‐scheme heterojunction construction, cocatalyst loading, heteroatom doping, surface vacancy creation, and carrier‐material matching. Finally, we discuss essential future research directions in the field. Through this comprehensive Review, we aim to provide strategic guidance for the development of efficient overall PCRR systems.
Radical‐Based Convergent Paired Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Ruipu , Li Liubo , Zhou Kehan , Fu Niankai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectrochemistry offers a sustainable platform for discovering reactions involving single‐electron transfer (SET) that generates highly reactive and synthetically versatile radical species. Compared with photochemistry similarly specializing in SET which requires expensive photocatalysts, electrochemistry employs low‐cost electricity to drive the electron flow. Paired electrolysis makes use of both half‐reactions, thus obviating the need for sacrificial reactions and maximizing the atom and energy economy. In convergent paired electrolysis, anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction occur simultaneously to generate two intermediates, which are then coupled to furnish the product. It represents a distinctive approach to challenging redox‐neutral reactions. However, the gap between the two electrodes makes it hard for a reactive intermediate to come across the other coupling partner. This concept article summarizes recent state‐of‐the‐art advances on radical‐based convergent paired electrolysis, which adopted different strategies to overcome the difficulty.
Template‐assisted Fabrication of O‐doped CoP Microflowers with Optimal Electronic Modulation for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Shoulin , Zhou Xue , Zhou Guangyao , He Bin , Pang Huan , Xu Lin , Tang Yawen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExploring efficient, affordable and stable electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great scientific significance for the practical implementation of the water splitting. The heteroatom doping represents a serviceable strategy to further elevate the catalytic performance for a transition metal‐based electrocatalyst because of the electronic regulation effect. Herein, a reliable self‐sacrificial template‐engaged approach is proposed to synthesize O‐doped CoP (denoted as O‐CoP) microflowers, which simultaneously considers the regualtion of electronic configuration via anion doping and sufficient exposure of active sites via nanostructure engineering. The suitable O incorporation content in CoP matrix could tremendously modify the electronic configuration, accelerate the charge transfer, promote the exposure of active sites, strengthen the electrical conductivity, and adjust the adsorption state of H*. Consequently, the optimized O‐CoP microflowers with optimal O concentration display a remarkable HER property with a small overpotential of 125 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 68 mV dec−1 and long‐term durability for 32 h under alkaline electrolyte, manifesting a considerable potential application for hydrogen production at large scale. The integration of anion incorporation and architecture engineering in this work will bring in a depth insight for the design of low‐cost and effective electrocatalysts in energy conversion and storage systems.
Photoinduced Minisci Reaction with Diazines: An Approach Toward Original Fused Heterocycles.
Authors: Auvray Marie , Jeanty Matthieu , Jubault Philippe , Poisson Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, we developed a photoinduced Minisci reaction on a large panel of diazines with good to excellent yields (28 examples, 44 % to 89 %). The reaction using 4CzIPN (1 mol %) as photoinitiator was carried out under white LED irradiation and required a slight excess of the acid reagent (1.2 equiv.). Cyclization reactions were then developed to access original N‐heterocycles building blocks for drug discovery programs. An extension of the reaction to continuous flow was also reported. Finally, the mechanism of the transformation was studied suggesting a plausible radical chain mechanism.
Negative Homotropic Cooperativity in Guest Binding of a Trisporphyrin Double Cleft
Authors: Hisano Naoyuki , Kodama Tomoki , Haino Takeharu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Takeharu Haino at Hiroshima University. The image depicts the host–guest complex of a trisporphyrin double cleft with an electron‐deficient aromatic molecule, which shows negative cooperativity in guest binding. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300107.
The Aggregates of Near‐Infrared Cyanine Dyes in Phototherapy
Authors: Ma Xiaoxie , Huang Yurou , Li Anning , Zeng Xiaoyan , Liu Sheng Hua , Yin Jun , Yang Guang‐Fu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCyanines in the near‐infrared region are a typical example of a classic fluorescent dye that has garnered significant attention and widespread use in the life sciences and biotechnology. Their character to form assemblies or aggregates has inspired the development of various functional cyanine dye aggregates in phototherapy. This article provides a brief summary of the strategies used to prepare these cyanine dye aggregates. The reports in this concept suggest that the self‐assembly of cyanine dyes can enhance their photostability, opening up new possibilities for their application in phototherapy. This concept may encourage researchers to explore the development of functional fluorescent dye aggregates further.
Fragment‐Merging Strategies with Known Pyrimidine Scaffolds Targeting Dihydrofolate Reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kirkman Tim , Fun Tan Suk , Chavez‐Pacheco Sair Maximo , Hammer Alexander , Abell Chris , Tosin Manuela , Coyne Anthony G. , Dias Marcio V. B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a key enzyme involved in the folate pathway that has been heavily targeted for the development of therapeutics against cancer and bacterial and protozoa infections amongst others. Despite being an essential enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) viability, DHFR remains an underexploited target for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Herein, we report the preparation and evaluation of a series of compounds against Mtb DHFR (MtbDHFR). The compounds have been designed using a merging strategy of traditional pyrimidine‐based antifolates with a previously discovered unique fragment hit against MtbDHFR. In this series, four compounds displayed a high affinity against MtbDHFR, with sub‐micromolar affinities. Additionally, we determined the binding mode of six of the best compounds using protein crystallography, which revealed occupation of an underutilised region of the active site.
SOX17 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for metastatic ovarian and endometrial carcinomas in cytology cell block specimens
Authors: Satturwar Swati , Shaker Nada , Sinclair William , Shen Rulong , Parwani Anil V. , Ding Qingqing , Li Zaibo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSOX17 (SRY‐box transcription factor 17) was recently identified as a highly sensitive and specific marker for ovarian and endometrial carcinomas in surgical specimens. In this study, validation of the utility of SOX17 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in diagnosing metastatic gynecologic carcinomas in cytology specimens was sought.MethodsThe study cohort included 84 cases of metastatic carcinomas that included 29 metastatic gynecologic carcinomas (24 ovarian high‐grade serous carcinomas, two endometrial serous carcinomas, one low‐grade serous carcinoma, one ovarian clear cell carcinoma, and one endometrial endometrioid carcinoma) and 55 cases of metastatic nongynecologic carcinomas (10 clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 10 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 11 gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, 10 breast carcinomas, 10 lung adenocarcinomas, and four urothelial carcinomas). Cytology specimen types included peritoneal fluid (n = 44), pleural fluid (n = 25), and fine‐needle aspiration (n = 15). SOX17 IHC was performed on the cell block sections. The intensity of staining and percent positivity of the tumor cells were evaluated.ResultsSOX17 was highly expressed in all tested metastatic gynecologic carcinomas with diffuse and strong nuclear expression (29 of 29; 100%). SOX17 was negative in other metastatic nongynecologic carcinomas (54 of 55; 98.18%) except for one papillary thyroid carcinoma that showed low positivity (<10%).ConclusionsSOX17 is a highly sensitive (100%) and specific (98.2%) marker for the differential diagnosis of metastatic gynecologic carcinomas in cytology specimens. Therefore, SOX17 IHC should be included in the workup of differential diagnosis of metastatic gynecologic carcinomas in cytology specimens.
Effect of Growth Conditions on the Surface Morphology and Defect Density of CS‐PVT‐Grown 3C‐SiC
Authors: Kollmuss Manuel , La Via Francesco , Wellmann Peter J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA systematic approach to determine the most crucial growth parameters and their effect on the surface morphology and defect density of sublimation grown (001) cubic silicon carbide (3C‐SiC) is conducted. Close space physical vapor transport (CS‐PVT) growth on 3C‐SiC and 4° off oriented homoepitaxial chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown seeding layers is performed. For each growth run, one growth parameter, e.g., temperature, pressure, or N2 flux is varied, while the other parameters are kept constant. Raman spectroscopy, potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching, as well as optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used for the sample characterization. Step‐flow‐controlled growth is observed on all grown samples, while the stacking fault density is generally reduced with respect to the seeding layers. Increased temperature as well as increased pressure leads to roughening of the growth surface attributed to step bunching, while their effect on the stacking fault density seems to be only minor in the analyzed parameter range. Areas of strongly enhanced step bunching are present on all samples, and this effect is more pronounced at higher temperature and pressure. Increased nitrogen doping leads to a decreased stacking fault density but also increases the length of remaining stacking faults. The surface morphology is influenced by N2 on a macroscopic level rather than on microscopic scale.
Repurposing Inhaled Ibuprofenate, a Non Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug, as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment for Pneumonia, CARDS and its Aetiological Agent SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Zurita‐Lizza Christian Carlos , Rodriguez‐Sanchez Ignacio , Doreski Pablo Alexis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript, we will describe and highlight the most important potential underlying mechanisms of action of the inhaled sodium ibuprofenate in hypertonic saline formulation‐NaIHS aerosolisable, as a probable adjuvant treatment for moderate and severe pneumonia and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID‐19. In both pathological entities, we will refer exclusively to the pulmonary vasoplegic type and we will describe the following therapeutic effects of NaIHS: anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic. The synergistic action of these therapeutic effects anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory together may exert their action at the pulmonary level through the possible reversal of pulmonary vasoplegia and may thereby restore hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, correcting the uncoupling of the ventilation/perfusion ratio and vasoplegic intrapulmonary shunting and, above all, it may reverse severe hypoxaemia and acute respiratory failure. We will also mention the potential virucidal effects of NaIHS on severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2).There are available three retrospective observational studies in moderate and severe COVID‐19 pneumonia, carried out in Argentina, with all three studies concluding that there was a significant reduction in mortality. The most important of these was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Review Board of the National Bureau of Economic Research of Harvard and Columbia Universities, which analysed data from 5146 patients and concluded that NaIHS reduced mortality by 48.7%, although randomized clinical trials are still needed to confirm these emerging data and enable the rise of NaIHS as a new adjuvant treatment.Conclusively, we deem essential to reuse known drugs, such as ibuprofen, in COVID‐19, due to the constant emergence of variants and subvariants of concern secondary to mutations and immune escape mechanisms of (SARS‐CoV‐2), since effective medical treatments are currently scarce and many of them are controversial or not available worldwide.
Two‐step clustering for data reduction combining DBSCAN and k‐means clustering
Authors: Kremers Bart J. J. , Citrin Jonathan , Ho Aaron , van de Plassche Karel L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel combination of two widely‐used clustering algorithms is proposed here for the detection and reduction of high data density regions. The density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is used for the detection of high data density regions and the k‐means algorithm for reduction. The proposed algorithm iterates while successively decrementing the DBSCAN search radius, allowing for an adaptive reduction factor based on the effective data density. The algorithm is demonstrated for a physics simulation application, where a surrogate model for fusion reactor plasma turbulence is generated with neural networks. A training dataset for the surrogate model is created with a quasilinear gyrokinetics code for turbulent transport calculations in fusion plasmas. The training set consists of model inputs derived from a repository of experimental measurements, meaning there is a potential risk of over‐representing specific regions of this input parameter space. By applying the proposed reduction algorithm to this dataset, this study demonstrates that the training dataset can be reduced by a factor ˜20 using the proposed algorithm, without a noticeable loss in the surrogate model accuracy. This reduction also provides a way of analyzing existing high‐dimensional datasets for biases and consequently reducing them, which lowers the cost of re‐populating that parameter space with higher quality data.