bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms of Ustilaginoidea virens pathogenicity and their utilization in disease control
Authors: Yu Siwen , Liu Pengwei , Wang Jiyang , Li Dayong , Zhao Dan , Yang Cui , Shi Dongyu , Sun Wenxian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is one of the most important diseases in rice. The disease not only causes significant yield losses in China and worldwide but also produces multiple types of mycotoxins that pose a serious threat to the health of humans and animals. To effectively prevent and control the disease, the pathogenicity mechanisms of U. virens have been studied preliminarily, and some control strategies have been developed. This review focuses on recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of U. virens pathogenicity, including virulence-related genes, transcriptional regulation of virulence genes, and effector-mediated interactions between rice and U. virens. Based on the molecular mechanisms underlying the rice-U. virens interactions, the possibilities of the pathogenicity genes in U. virens and host immune-related genes as potential targets for biological agents, host-induced gene silencing, and molecular design breeding are also discussed.
Cortical morphological heterogeneity of schizophrenia and its relationship with glutamatergic receptor variations
Authors: Ouyang Xuan , Pan Yunzhi , Chen Xudong , Wu Guowei , Cheng Yixin , Tan Wenjian , Zhang Manqi , Deng Mengjie , Liu Zhening , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Recent genetic evidence implicates glutamatergic-receptor variations in schizophrenia. Glutamatergic excess during early life in people with schizophrenia may cause excitotoxicity and produce structural deficits in the brain. Cortical thickness and gyrification are reduced in schizophrenia, but only a subgroup of patients exhibits such structural deficits. We delineate the structural variations among unaffected siblings and patients with schizophrenia and study the role of key glutamate-receptor polymorphisms on these variations.

Methods
Gaussian Mixture Model clustering was applied to the cortical thickness and gyrification data of 114 patients, 112 healthy controls, and 42 unaffected siblings to identify subgroups. The distribution of glutamate-receptor (GRM3, GRIN2A, and GRIA1) and voltage-gated calcium channel (CACNA1C) variations across the MRI-based subgroups was studied. The comparisons in clinical symptoms and cognition between patient subgroups were conducted.

Results
We observed a “hypogyric,” “impoverished-thickness,” and “supra-normal” subgroups of patients, with higher negative symptom burden and poorer verbal fluency in the hypogyric subgroup and notable functional deterioration in the impoverished-thickness subgroup. Compared to healthy subjects, the hypogyric subgroup had significant GRIN2A and GRM3 variations, the impoverished-thickness subgroup had CACNA1C variations while the supra-normal group had no differences.

Conclusions
Disrupted gyrification and thickness can be traced to the glutamatergic receptor and voltage-gated calcium channel dysfunction respectively in schizophrenia. This raises the question of whether MRI-based multimetric subtyping may be relevant for clinical trials of agents affecting the glutamatergic system.
The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2D1 and UBE2D2 regulate VEGFR2 dynamics and endothelial function
Authors: Critchley William R. , Smith Gina A. , Zachary Ian C. , Harrison Michael A. , Ponnambalam Sreenivasan 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, encoded by KDR) regulates endothelial function and angiogenesis. VEGFR2 undergoes ubiquitination that programs this receptor for trafficking and proteolysis, but the ubiquitin-modifying enzymes involved are ill-defined. Herein, we used a reverse genetics screen for the human E2 family of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to identify gene products that regulate VEGFR2 ubiquitination and proteolysis. We found that depletion of either UBE2D1 or UBE2D2 in endothelial cells caused a rise in steady-state VEGFR2 levels. This rise in plasma membrane VEGFR2 levels impacted on VEGF-A-stimulated signalling, with increased activation of canonical MAPK, phospholipase Cγ1 and Akt pathways. Analysis of biosynthetic VEGFR2 is consistent with a role for UBE2D enzymes in influencing plasma membrane VEGFR2 levels. Cell-surface-specific biotinylation and recycling studies showed an increase in VEGFR2 recycling to the plasma membrane upon reduction in UBE2D levels. Depletion of either UBE2D1 or UBE2D2 stimulated endothelial tubulogenesis, which is consistent with increased VEGFR2 plasma membrane levels promoting the cellular response to exogenous VEGF-A. Our studies identify a key role for UBE2D1 and UBE2D2 in regulating VEGFR2 function in angiogenesis.
Confinement plus myosin-II suppression maximizes heritable loss of chromosomes, as revealed by live-cell ChReporters
Authors: Hayes Brandon H. , Zhu Peter Kuangzheng , Wang Mai , Pfeifer Charlotte R. , Xia Yuntao , Phan Steven , Andrechak Jason C. , Du Junhong , Tobin Michael P. , Anlas Alisya , Dooling Lawrence J. , Vashisth Manasvita , Irianto Jerome , Lampson Michael A. , Discher Dennis E. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The mechanical environment of a cell can have many effects, but whether it impacts the DNA sequence of a cell has remained unexamined. To investigate this, we developed a live-cell method to measure changes in chromosome numbers. We edited constitutive genes with GFP or RFP tags on single alleles and discovered that cells that lose Chromosome reporters (ChReporters) become non-fluorescent. We applied our new tools to confined mitosis and to inhibition of the putative tumor suppressor myosin-II. We quantified compression of mitotic chromatin in vivo and demonstrated that similar compression in vitro resulted in cell death, but also rare and heritable ChReptorter loss. Myosin-II suppression rescued lethal multipolar divisions and maximized ChReporter loss during three-dimensional (3D) compression and two-dimensional (2D) lateral confinement, but not in standard 2D culture. ChReporter loss was associated with chromosome mis-segregation, rather than just the number of divisions, and loss in vitro and in mice was selected against in subsequent 2D cultures. Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) caused ChReporter loss in 2D culture, as expected, but not during 3D compression, suggesting a SAC perturbation. Thus, ChReporters enable diverse studies of viable genetic changes, and show that confinement and myosin-II affect DNA sequence and mechano-evolution.
Sec16 and Sed4 interdependently function as interaction and localization partners at ER exit sites
Authors: Yorimitsu Tomohiro , Sato Ken 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
COPII proteins assemble at ER exit sites (ERES) to form transport carriers. The initiation of COPII assembly in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is triggered by the ER membrane protein Sec12. Sec16, which plays a critical role in COPII organization, localizes to ERES independently of Sec12. However, the mechanism underlying Sec16 localization is poorly understood. Here, we show that a Sec12 homolog, Sed4, is concentrated at ERES and mediates ERES localization of Sec16. We found that the interaction between Sec16 and Sed4 ensures their correct localization to ERES. Loss of the interaction with Sec16 leads to redistribution of Sed4 from the ERES specifically to high-curvature ER areas, such as the tubules and edges of the sheets. The luminal domain of Sed4 mediates this distribution, which is required for Sed4, but not for Sec16, to be concentrated at ERES. We further show that the luminal domain and its O-mannosylation are involved in the self-interaction of Sed4. Our findings provide insight into how Sec16 and Sed4 function interdependently at ERES.
Heteroleptic Cu(I) Bipyridine Complexes as Redox Photosensitizers for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Takeda Hiroyuki , Takahashi Kohei , Namiki Yui , Ito Akitaka , Kurosu Masao , Muraoka Takako , Asano Motoko S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The redox photosensitizing ability of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes containing a 2,2′–bipyridine (bpy) derivative as an α–diimine ligand was investigated in a photocatalytic CO2 reduction. When combined with fac–Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br as a multi-electron catalyst, the reaction systems generated a mixture of CO and HCOOH to a similar extent to the case using a conventional Cu(I)–phenanthroline analog by visible light irradiation in the presence of a reductant. Incorporating phenyl (ph) groups at the 4,4′–positions of the bpy ligand significantly affected the redox-photosensitization of the Cu(I)–bpy complexes due to improved visible light absorption. Owing to coplanarity between the ph groups and bpy scaffold, the former effectively increased and shifted the lowest-energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorption into the visible region more than the case of Cu(I) phenanthroline analogs. Furthermore, photophysical measurements and quenching experiments demonstrated that the heteroleptic Cu(I)–bpy complexes underwent efficient photoinduced-electron transfer from the reductant, generating the corresponding one-electron reduced species. Electrochemical measurements also demonstrated that Cu(I)–bpy complexes had sufficient reducing power and stability to transfer the extra electron to the Mn-complex catalyst in the one-electron reduced state, thereby reproducing the original photosensitizer.
Traumatic spinal spondyloptosis presenting in a tertiary care unit in central Nepal
Authors: Munakomi Sunil 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Traumatic spinal spondyloptosis, though rare, harbingers a high risk of mortality as well as permanent and disabling neurological deficits. They invariably become socially aloof and marginalized in most parts of our subcontinent owing to the lack of dedicated rehabilitation units amid their poor economic status. There is a paucity of studies pertaining to such rare epiphenomenon within our region.Materials and Methods: A study of 16 patients presenting with spinal spondyloptosis from January 2017 to January 2023 in a tertiary care center in Nepal was undertaken. The clinical records of the patients were retrieved from the hospital record section to study the demographic variables, modes of injury, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grades, salient radiological characteristics, management strategies, and the resultant clinical outcomes.Result: The mean age of the cohorts in our study was 40 years with an age range of 25-80 years. Most of the patients presented in ASIA ‘A’ neurological grade (75%). The cervical spine was involved in the majority (68.75%) of cases. 8 (50%) patients left against medical advice, 2 (12.5%) were managed conservatively, and 6 (37.5%) were operated. The posterior-only approach was undertaken in 4(66.67%) cases. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula occurred in 2 (33.33%) patients. And cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in 2 (33.33%) patients. The overall hospital mortality was 3(37.5%). All the surviving patients were of the ASIA ‘E’ grades.Conclusion: There is a continuum of physical, economic, psychological, and social burdens to both the patients and their care providers. Rehabilitation is the ‘bottleneck’ variable governing poor outcomes in our subcontinents. The poor economic status of the people has a ripple effect upon the same. This should also aid in the patient counseling as well as fostering the notion of the paramount need for dedicated neuro-rehabilitation units in our regions.
The more, the better: influence of family planning discussions during the maternal, newborn and child health continuum of care on postpartum contraceptive uptake and method type among young women in Ethiopia
Authors: Calhoun Lisa M. , Winston Jennifer , Beňová Lenka , Speizer Ilene S. , Delvaux Thérèse , Shiferaw Solomon , Seme Assefa , Karp Celia , Zimmerman Linnea , van den Akker Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Background: This study examines the association between family planning (FP) discussions with health professionals during contact points on the maternal, newborn and child health continuum of care and timing of modern contraceptive uptake and method type in the one-year following childbirth in six regions of Ethiopia among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Methods: This paper uses panel data of women aged 15-24 who were interviewed during pregnancy and the postpartum period between 2019-2021 as part of the PMA Ethiopia survey (n=652). Results: Despite the majority of pregnant and postpartum AGYW attending antenatal care (ANC), giving birth in a health facility, and attending vaccination visits, one-third or less of those who received the service reported discussion of FP at any of these visits. When considering the cumulative effect of discussions of FP at ANC, pre-discharge after childbirth, postnatal care and vaccination visits, we found that discussion of FP at a greater number of visits resulted in increased uptake of modern contraception by one-year postpartum. A greater number of FP discussions was associated with higher long-acting reversible contraceptive use relative to non-use and relative to short-acting method use. Conclusions: Despite high attendance, there are missed opportunities to discuss FP when AGYW access care.
Fluid Approximations for Revenue Management Under High-Variance Demand
Authors: Bai Yicheng , El Housni Omar , Jin Billy , Rusmevichientong Paat , Topaloglu Huseyin , Williamson David P. 
Published: May 2023

One of the most prevalent demand models in the revenue management literature is based on dividing the selling horizon into a number of time periods such that there is at most one customer arrival at each time period. This demand model is equivalent to using a discrete-time approximation to a Poisson process, but it has an important shortcoming. If the mean number of customer arrivals is large, then the coefficient of variation of the number of customer arrivals has to be small. In other words, large demand volume and large demand variability cannot coexist in this demand model. In this paper, we start with a revenue management model that incorporates general mean and variance for the number of customer arrivals. This revenue management model has a random selling horizon length, capturing the distribution of the number of customer arrivals. The question we seek to answer is the form of the fluid approximation that corresponds to this revenue management model. It is tempting to construct the fluid approximation by computing the expected consumption of the resource capacities in the constraints and the total expected revenue in the objective function through the distribution of the number of customer arrivals. We demonstrate that this answer is wrong in the sense that it yields a fluid approximation that is not asymptotically tight as the resource capacities get large. We give an alternative fluid approximation where perhaps surprisingly, the distribution of the number of customer arrivals does not play any role in the constraints. We show that this fluid approximation is asymptotically tight as the resource capacities get large. A numerical study also demonstrates that the policies driven by the latter fluid approximation perform substantially better, so there is practical value in getting the fluid approximation right under high-variance demand. This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: The work of the O. El Housni and H. Topaloglu was supported by a seed grant from Urban Tech research hub at Cornell Tech. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4769 .
New Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming Formulations for the Unit Commitment Problems with Ramping Constraints
Authors: Bacci Tiziano , Frangioni Antonio , Gentile Claudio , Tavlaridis-Gyparakis Kostas 
Published: May 2023

Mixed-Integer Formulations for Power Production Problems The unit commitment problem is a complex mixed-integer nonlinear program that originates in the field of power production. Although it arises in a monopolistic system, there is still great attention to this problem even in a free-market regime, where it constitutes only a subproblem of larger ones. Historically, it was usually solved by Lagrangian relaxation methods. However, the advances achieved by commercial solvers of mixed-integer (linear and convex) programming problems have made such approaches an attractive option. T. Bacci, A. Frangioni, C. Gentile, and K. Tavlaridis-Gyparakis present the first mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation with a polynomial number of both variables and constraints that describes the convex hull of the feasible solutions of the unit commitment problem with a single thermal generation unit, comprising all typical constraints and convex power generation costs. Proving that the formulation is exact requires a new result about the convex envelope of specially structured functions that can have independent interest. This new formulation for a single power generation unit is used to derive three new formulations for the general unit commitment problem whose effectiveness has been tested against the state-of-art formulation.
Onde Vivem os Monstros? Enlaces entre Cinema, Adolescência e Horror
Authors: Moraes Bruna Rabello de , Sippert Alice , Weinmann Amadeu De Oliveira 
Published: May 2023

Partindo da ideia de Stephen King de que as produções de horror servem como um barômetro muito preciso que aponta aquilo que aterroriza uma sociedade, este artigo tem como objetivo propor uma reflexão acerca dos enlaces entre adolescência, cinema e horror, no momento em que a adolescência como categoria social se consolida, isto é, nos anos 1950. Para isso, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a relação entre horror, monstruosidade e cultura, assim como sobre o desenvolvimento dos gêneros cinematográficos horror e teen movies. Também realizamos sucintas análises fílmicas de algumas obras importantes na história desses gêneros cinematográficos. Observamos que, se, por um lado, com o surgimento dos teen movies, as telas do cinema passam a ser habitadas por monstros adolescentes, por outro, os discursos com pretensão de cientificidade nos falam sobre uma adolescência monstruosa. A partir disso, concluímos que talvez haja uma intrigante equivalência cultural entre adolescência e monstruosidade: tanto monstros quanto adolescentes trazem à luz algumas questões fundamentais para o ser humano, encarnam aquilo para o que não temos resposta, apontam os limites do saber.
A national survey of current provision of waiting list initiatives offered by child and adolescent mental health services in England
Authors: Valentine Althea Z , Sayal Kapil , Brown Beverley Jane , Hall Charlotte L 
Published: May 2023

Background: Children and young people accessing child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) often report delays in receiving an assessment and commencing treatment. In 2018, the James Lind Alliance acknowledged developing CAMHS waiting-list interventions (WLI) as a top 10 priority. Aims: This study aimed to examine the current provision of WLI in CAMHS. Methods: During 2021, an online survey was sent to each National Health Service (NHS) trust providing CAMHS in England, to explore provision of WLI within their trust. Findings: Of the 57 CAMHS trusts identified as meeting inclusion criteria, survey responses were received from 16 trusts, 12 of which had implemented WLI, a large proportion of these were digital interventions. Barriers and facilitators to WLIs were identified, particularly availability of staff. Conclusions: WLIs are being used in some trusts but with limited evidence of evaluation, further research on the acceptability and effectiveness of WLI is warranted.
Laser structure based on an erbium-doped fiber ring and a whispering gallery mode microbottle resonator
Authors: Rout Anuradha , Wang Zhe , Wang Zhuochen , Semenova Yuliya 
Published: May 2023

A novel fiber laser structure, to the best of our knowledge, based on an erbium-doped fiber ring (EDFR) and a silica microbottle resonator (MBR) is proposed and investigated experimentally. Two fiber laser samples based on MBRs with different geometries and diameters of 200 and 150 µm are fabricated, and their performance is studied experimentally. Periodic whispering gallery mode spectra of the MBRs are dependent on the position of the fiber taper used for coupling of light into the MBR, and this dependence is explored to achieve lasing at different wavelengths by moving the light coupling point along the axis of the microbottle incorporated into the proposed EDFR-MBR system. The influences of the pump laser power and light polarization on the system performance and laser stability are also investigated. Single-mode lasing with a maximum optical signal-to-noise ratio of 32 dB is demonstrated.
Predictors of cognitive changes in patients with schizophrenia undergoing electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Rajagopalan Arvind , Lim Kenny Wai Kwong , Tan Xiao Wei , Martin Donel , Lee Jimmy , Tor Phern-Chern 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Previous studies on the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on cognition in schizophrenia have been inconclusive. This study aimed to identify factors that may predict cognitive improvement or deterioration in patients with schizophrenia after-ECT.

Materials & methods
Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with predominantly positive psychotic symptoms, who were treated with ECT at the Institute of Mental Health (IMH), Singapore, between January 2016 and January 2018, were assessed. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Global Assessment of Function (GAF) were performed before and after ECT. Patients with clinically significant improvement, deterioration or no change in MoCA scores were compared on demographics, concurrent clinical treatment and ECT parameters.

Results
Of the 125 patients analysed, 57 (45.6%), 36 (28.8%) and 32 (25.6%) showed improvements, deterioration and no change in cognition respectively. Age and voluntary admission predicted MoCA deterioration. Lower pre-ECT MoCA and female sex predicted MoCA improvement. Patients showed improvements in GAF, BPRS and BPRS subscale scores on average, except for the MoCA deterioration group, who did not show statistically significant improvement in negative symptom scores. Sensitivity analysis showed that nearly half the patients (48.3%) who were initially unable to complete MoCA pre-ECT were able to complete MoCA post-ECT.

Conclusions
The majority of patients with schizophrenia demonstrate improved cognition with ECT. Patients with poor cognition pre-ECT are more likely to see improvement post-ECT. Advanced age may be a risk factor for cognitive deterioration. Finally, improvements in cognition may be associated with improvements in negative symptoms.