bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to and application of recanalizing therapies for severe acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion
Authors: Bösel Julian , Hubert Gordian J. , Jesser Jessica , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Ringleb Peter A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundGroundbreaking study results since 2014 have dramatically changed the therapeutic options in acute therapy for severe ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). The scientifically proven advances in stroke imaging and thrombectomy techniques have allowed to offer the optimal version or combination of best medical and interventional therapy to the selected patient, yielding favorable or even excellent clinical outcomes within time windows unheard of before. The provision of the best possible individual therapy has become a guideline-based gold standard, but remains a great challenge. With geographic, regional, cultural, economic and resource differences worldwide, optimal local solutions have to be strived for.AimThis standard operation procedure (SOP) is aimed to give a suggestion of how to give patients access to and apply modern recanalizing therapy for acute ischemic stroke caused by LVO.MethodThe SOP was developed based on current guidelines, the evidence from the most recent trials and the experience of authors who have been involved in the above-named development at different levels.ResultsThis SOP is meant to be a comprehensive, yet not too detailed template to allow for freedom in local adaption. It comprises all relevant stages in providing care to the patient with severe ischemic stroke such as suspicion and alarm, prehospital acute measures, recognition and grading, transport, emergency room workup, selective cerebral imaging, differential treatment by recanalizing therapies (intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular stroke treatmet, or combined), complications, stroke unit and neurocritical care.ConclusionsThe challenge of giving patients access to and applying recanalizing therapies in severe ischemic stroke may be facilitated by a systematic, SOP-based approach adapted to local settings.
Translating radiology reports into plain language using ChatGPT and GPT-4 with prompt learning: results, limitations, and potential
Authors: Lyu Qing , Tan Josh , Zapadka Michael E. , Ponnatapura Janardhana , Niu Chuang , Myers Kyle J. , Wang Ge , Whitlow Christopher T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe large language model called ChatGPT has drawn extensively attention because of its human-like expression and reasoning abilities. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using ChatGPT in experiments on translating radiology reports into plain language for patients and healthcare providers so that they are educated for improved healthcare. Radiology reports from 62 low-dose chest computed tomography lung cancer screening scans and 76 brain magnetic resonance imaging metastases screening scans were collected in the first half of February for this study. According to the evaluation by radiologists, ChatGPT can successfully translate radiology reports into plain language with an average score of 4.27 in the five-point system with 0.08 places of information missing and 0.07 places of misinformation. In terms of the suggestions provided by ChatGPT, they are generally relevant such as keeping following-up with doctors and closely monitoring any symptoms, and for about 37% of 138 cases in total ChatGPT offers specific suggestions based on findings in the report. ChatGPT also presents some randomness in its responses with occasionally over-simplified or neglected information, which can be mitigated using a more detailed prompt. Furthermore, ChatGPT results are compared with a newly released large model GPT-4, showing that GPT-4 can significantly improve the quality of translated reports. Our results show that it is feasible to utilize large language models in clinical education, and further efforts are needed to address limitations and maximize their potential.
M2C-GVIO: motion manifold constraint aided GNSS-visual-inertial odometry for ground vehicles
Authors: Hua Tong , Pei Ling , Li Tao , Yin Jie , Liu Guoqing , Yu Wenxian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVisual-Inertial Odometry (VIO) has been developed from Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) as a low-cost and versatile sensor fusion approach and attracted increasing attention in ground vehicle positioning. However, VIOs usually have the degraded performance in challenging environments and degenerated motion scenarios. In this paper, we propose a ground vehicle-based VIO algorithm based on the Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter (MSCKF) framework. Based on a unified motion manifold assumption, we derive the measurement model of manifold constraints, including velocity, rotation, and translation constraints. Then we present a robust filter-based algorithm dedicated to ground vehicles, whose key is the real-time manifold noise estimation and adaptive measurement update. Besides, GNSS position measurements are loosely coupled into our approach, where the transformation between GNSS and VIO frame is optimized online. Finally, we theoretically analyze the system observability matrix and observability measures. Our algorithm is tested on both the simulation test and public datasets including Brno Urban dataset and Kaist Urban dataset. We compare the performance of our algorithm with classical VIO algorithms (MSCKF, VINS-Mono, R-VIO, ORB_SLAM3) and GVIO algorithms (GNSS-MSCKF, VINS-Fusion). The results demonstrate that our algorithm is more robust than other compared algorithms, showing a competitive position accuracy and computational efficiency.
Exploring the financial consequences of biodiversity disclosure: how does biodiversity disclosure affect firms' financial performance?
Authors: Elsayed Raghda Abdellatif Abdelkhalik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to contribute to the existing business strategy and the environment literature by exploring how biodiversity disclosure affects the financial performance of firms. The study employs the content analysis of a sample of 100 Fortune Global companies for 3 years, after developing a comprehensive index to measure the quality of disclosure. Then normality, correlation, and multiple linear regression model and its estimation using ordinary least squares are performed to measure the impact of biodiversity disclosure on the financial performance of companies. In addition, the Hausman test is used to check the robustness of the study. The study results reveal a relationship between biodiversity disclosure and financial performance measured by return on assets and a stock’s price-to-book ratio. Biodiversity disclosure has a positive relationship with return on assets at a significance level below 5%. While biodiversity disclosure has a positive relationship with stock price/ book value per share, they are not statistically significant at a significance level of 5%. The sample represents only a small proportion of a larger population. The study only investigated Global 100 firms with different sectors and countries for 3 years. This study provides an opportunity to learn about the effect of the disclosure of practices associated with managing biodiversity and extinction risks through preparing a quality index of biodiversity and extinction disclosure and examining the relationship between biodiversity disclosure and the financial performance of firms by the prepared index. This study can be considered a contribution to the flow of accounting research about biodiversity and extinction. A few studies examine the effect of biodiversity disclosure. The study is among the first to examine how biodiversity disclosure affects the financial performance of firms. The results of this study inform firms and the academic literature about the economic consequences of biodiversity disclosure where biodiversity disclosure has a positive effect on firms' financial performance. The study evidence appears to be robust there is no endogeneity problem.
A comparison of two hybrid optimization techniques: the Taguchi-BBD-firefly and the Taguchi-regression-firefly methods on the IS 2062-E250 steel plates boring problem
Authors: Fasina Ebun , Sawyerr Babatunde Alade , Abdullahi Yakubu Umar , Oke Sunday Ayoola 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe expanding proliferation of components for engineering applications requires greater optimisation of parameters, which consequently increases the need for more efficient boring practices. The Taguchi Pareto-Box Behnken design is an effective optimisation procedure for the process parametric optimisation of the IS 2062 E250 steel plates. However, the weakness of the Taguchi method in its inability to distinguish which parameters have greater effects on the boring process needs to be further suppressed. Consequently, this study investigates the coupling of the firefly algorithm to the Taguchi-Pareto-Box Behnken design method for the processing of the IS 2062 E250 steel plates during the boring operation. Linear programmes were developed for the problem formulation with two variants of the objective function definition. In the first variant, the Box Behnken design optimized parameters and the firefly-oriented optimisation procedure was addressed to attain optimal solutions. For the second variant, a regression equation was substituted as the objective function and the firefly procedure was implemented to obtain the optimal solutions. Based on a defined population for the problem, an initial test of convergence was actualized and 50 iterations were found as an effective convergence point for the iterations. Numerical simulation coupled with experimental data analysis was conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of the proposed method. Literature data on IS 2062 E250 steel plate processing on the CNC machine was used in the testing. The results revealed that the proposed method exhibits good performance for boring operations in machine shops. Using the Taguchi-Pareto-Box Behnken-firefly algorithm, the obtained results are promising. The application of this proposal would aid machining to better decisions that improve the quality of products and reduces the cost of production.
Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection in Patients With Hematologic Malignancy Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Lazarow Heather , Compher Charlene , Ziegler Matthew J. , Gilmar Cheryl , Kucharczuk Colleen R. , Landsburg Daniel J. 
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE Parenteral nutrition (PN) has been shown to be a safe method of feeding in the intensive care unit with modern infection prevention practices, but similar analysis in the hematology-oncology setting is lacking. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1,617 patients with hematologic malignancies admitted and discharged from the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania during 3,629 encounters from 2017 to 2019 was undertaken to evaluate the association of PN administration with risk of central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Proportions of mucosal barrier injury (MBI)-CLABSI and non–MBI-CLABSI were also compared between groups. RESULTS Risk of CLABSI was associated with cancer type and duration of neutropenia but not with PN administration (odds ratio, 1.015; 95% CI, 0.986 to 1.045; P = .305) in a multivariable analysis. MBI-CLABSI comprised 73% of CLABSI in patients exposed to and 70% in patients not exposed to PN, and there was no significant difference between groups (χ2 = 0.06, P = .800). CONCLUSION PN was not associated with increased risk of CLABSI in a sample of patients with hematologic malignancy with central venous catheters when adjusting for cancer type, duration of neutropenia, and catheter days. The high proportion of MBI-CLABSI highlights the effect of gut permeability within this population.
Preconception Management of Hyperthyroidism and Thyroid Status in Subsequent Pregnancy: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Minassian Caroline , Allen Lowri A , Okosieme Onyebuchi , Vaidya Bijay , Taylor Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Optimal thyroid status in pregnancy is essential in reducing the risk of adverse outcomes. The management of hyperthyroidism in women of reproductive age poses unique challenges and it is unclear how preconception treatment strategies impact on thyroid status in subsequent pregnancy.

Objective
We aimed to determine trends in the management of hyperthyroidism before and during pregnancy and to assess the impact of different preconception treatment strategies on maternal thyroid status.

Methods
We utilized the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database to evaluate all females aged 15-45 years with a clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and a subsequent pregnancy (January 2000 to December 2017). We compared thyroid status in pregnancy according to preconception treatment, namely, (1) antithyroid drugs up to or beyond pregnancy onset, (2) definitive treatment with thyroidectomy or radioiodine before pregnancy, and (3) no treatment at pregnancy onset.

Results
Our study cohort comprised 4712 pregnancies. Thyrotropin (TSH) was measured in only 53.1% of pregnancies, of which 28.1% showed suboptimal thyroid status (TSH &gt;4.0 mU/L or TSH &lt;0.1 mU/L plus FT4 &gt;reference range). Pregnancies with prior definitive treatment were more likely to have suboptimal thyroid status compared with pregnancies starting during antithyroid drug treatment (odds ratio 4.72, 95% CI 3.50-6.36). A steady decline in the use of definitive treatment before pregnancy was observed from 2000 to 2017. One-third (32.6%) of first trimester carbimazole-exposed pregnancies were switched to propylthiouracil while 6.0% of propylthiouracil-exposed pregnancies switched to carbimazole.

Conclusion
The management of women with hyperthyroidism who become pregnant is suboptimal, particularly in those with preconception definitive treatment, and needs urgent improvement. Better thyroid monitoring and prenatal counseling are needed to optimize thyroid status, reduce teratogenic drug exposure, and ultimately reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Exposure to Gestational Diabetes and BMI Trajectories Through Adolescence: The Exploring Perinatal Outcomes Among Children Study
Authors: Hockett Christine W , Harrall Kylie K , Glueck Deborah H , Dabelea Dana M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Previous studies have shown that exposure to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased offspring body mass index (BMI) and risk for overweight or obesity.

Objective
This study aimed to explore differences in BMI trajectories among youth exposed or not exposed to maternal GDM and understand whether these associations differ across life stages.

Methods
Data from 403 mother/child dyads (76 exposed; 327 not exposed) participating in the longitudinal Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children (EPOCH) study in Colorado were used. Participants who had 2 or more longitudinal height measurements from 27 months to a maximum of 19 years were included in the analysis. Life stages were defined using puberty related timepoints: early childhood (27 months to pre-adolescent dip [PAD, average age 5.5 years]), middle childhood (from PAD to age at peak height velocity [APHV, average age 12.2 years]), and adolescence (from APHV to 19 years). Separate general linear mixed models, stratified by life stage, were used to assess associations between GDM exposure and offspring BMI.

Results
There was not a significant association between exposure to GDM and BMI trajectories during early childhood (P = .27). In middle childhood, participants exposed to GDM had higher BMI trajectories compared to those not exposed (males: P = .005, females: P = .002) and adolescent (P = .02) periods.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that children who are exposed to GDM may experience higher BMI trajectories during middle childhood and adolescence, but not during early childhood. These data suggest that efforts to prevent childhood obesity among those exposed in utero to maternal GDM should start before pubertal onset.
Radial spoke protein 9 is necessary for axoneme assembly in Plasmodium but not in trypanosomatid parasites
Authors: Ramakrishnan Chandra , Fort Cécile , Marques Sara Rute , Ferguson David J. P. , Gransagne Marion , Baum Jake , Chaouch Soraya , Mouray Elisabeth , Kohl Linda , Wheeler Richard J. , Sinden Robert E. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Flagella are important for eukaryote cell motility, including in sperm, and are vital for life cycle progression of many unicellular eukaryotic pathogens. The ‘9+2’ axoneme in most motile flagella comprises nine outer doublet and two central-pair singlet microtubules. T-shaped radial spokes protrude from the outer doublets towards the central pair and are necessary for effective beating. We asked whether there were radial spoke adaptations associated with parasite lineage-specific properties in apicomplexans and trypanosomatids. Following an orthologue search for experimentally uncharacterised radial spoke proteins (RSPs), we identified and analysed RSP9. Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania mexicana have an extensive RSP complement, including two divergent RSP9 orthologues, necessary for flagellar beating and swimming. Detailed structural analysis showed that neither orthologue is needed for axoneme assembly in Leishmania. In contrast, Plasmodium has a reduced set of RSPs including a single RSP9 orthologue, deletion of which in Plasmodium berghei leads to failure of axoneme formation, failed male gamete release, greatly reduced fertilisation and inefficient life cycle progression in the mosquito. This indicates contrasting selection pressures on axoneme complexity, likely linked to the different mode of assembly of trypanosomatid versus Plasmodium flagella.
Sound detection and production mechanisms in aquatic decapod and stomatopod crustaceans
Authors: Radford Craig A. , Stanley Jenni A. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The sensory systems of crustaceans (aquatic decapods and stomatopods) have adapted to a diverse range of aquatic ecosystems. Sound production in aquatic crustaceans is more widespread than previously thought, and has been shown to play a major role in many of their life-history strategies; however, there are still many gaps in our understanding of their sound reception abilities. Crustaceans have three main sensory receptors for sound – the statocyst, superficial hair cells and chordotonal organs – which are all sensitive to the particle motion component of the sound field, rather than the pressure component. Our current understanding of these receptors is that they are sensitive to low-frequency sounds (&lt;2000 Hz). There are a wide variety of sound-producing mechanisms employed by these animals, ranging from stridulation to implosive cavitation (see Glossary). These signals are used for a range of social behaviours, such as courtship, territorial defence and assessing ‘resource guarding’. Furthermore, there are examples of sound signals that exceed their hearing range, highlighting a mismatch in our understanding of their hearing systems. This mismatch provides weight to the suggestion that another sound transmission channel – substrate-borne vibrations – might be at play, particularly because most crustaceans live on or near the seafloor. Finally, suggestions are made regarding potential future work that is needed to fill the substantial gaps in our understanding of how crustaceans hear and produce sound.
Sex Differences in Marathon Running: Physiology and Participation
Authors: Nesburg Rachel A. , Mason Azara P. , Fitzsimmons Brynn , Hunter Sandra K. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Males are faster than females in the marathon, largely due to sex differences in physiology, but sociological factors influencing lower participation rates of females than males may also contribute.

Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether the sex difference in marathon performance is predicted by the proportion of male to female runners and how this prediction changes among lower-placed runners across age groups.

Methods
The number of male and female finishers within 5-yr age groups (20–79 yr) and times of the first 10 age-group runners in the Chicago (CHI; 1996–2018) and New York City (NYC; 1980–2019) marathons were analyzed.

Results
The male/female participation ratio declined across years for the CHI (1996–2018: 2.19–1.16, P < 0.001) and NYC (1980–2019: 6.76–1.36, P < 0.001) marathons, but increased with age (P < 0.001) and place (1st–10th place, P < 0.001). Male runners were faster than female runners across all age groups for the CHI (17.2% ± 6.8%, n = 2328) and NYC (18.8% ± 7.4%, n = 4226) marathons. The sex difference in performance was smallest for 1st-place and largest for 10th-place finishers for both marathons. The ratio of the number of male to female runners was associated with the sex difference in velocity for NYC (r
2 = 0.32, P < 0.001) and CHI (r
2 = 0.28, P < 0.001). The strength of the associations increased between 1st and 10th places.

Conclusions
Fewer female relative to male runners in an age group predicted a larger sex difference in performance in two world-class marathons. Low participation rates of female runners mask an accurate understanding of the sex differences in marathon performance due to physiology, with broader implications for women’s health in biomedical research.
A pilot clinical skills coaching program to reimagine remediation: a cohort study
Authors: Klig Jean E. , Kettyle William M. , Kosowsky Joshua M. , Phillips, Jr. William R. , Farrell Susan E. , Hundert Edward M. , Dalrymple John L. , Goldhamer Mary Ellen J. 
Published: May 2023

Background New approaches are needed to improve and destigmatize remediation in undergraduate medical education (UME). The COVID-19 pandemic magnified the need to support struggling learners to ensure competency and readiness for graduate medical education (GME). Clinical skills (CS) coaching is an underutilized approach that may mitigate the stigma of remedial learning. Methods A six-month CS coaching pilot was conducted at Harvard Medical School (HMS) as a destigmatized remedial learning environment for clerkship and post-clerkship students identified as ‘at risk’ based on objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE). The pilot entailed individual and group coaching with five faculty, direct bedside observation of CS, and standardized patient encounters with video review. Strengths-based coaching principles and appreciative inquiry were emphasized. Results Twenty-three students participated in the pilot: 14 clerkship students (cohort 1) and 9 post-clerkship students (cohort 2). All clerkship students (cohort 1) demonstrated sustained improvement in CS across three OSCEs compared to baseline: at pilot close, at 6-months post pilot, and at 21-24 months post-pilot all currently graduating students (10/10, 100%) passed the summative OSCE, an HMS graduation requirement. All post-clerkship students (cohort 2) passed the HMS graduation OSCE (9/9,100%). Feedback survey results included clerkship students (9/14; 64%) and post-clerkship students (7/9; 78%); all respondents unanimously agreed that individual coaching was “impactful to my clinical learning and practice”. Faculty and leadership fully supported the pilot as a destigmatized and effective approach to remediation. Conclusion Remediation has an essential and growing role in medical schools. CS coaching for remedial learning can reduce stigma, foster a growth mindset, and support sustained progress for ‘at risk’ early clerkship through final year students. An “implementation template” with suggested tools and timelines can be locally adapted to guide CS coaching for UME remediation. The CS coaching pilot model is feasible and can be generalized to many UME programs.