bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of rhythm control strategy: Ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs for treating atrial fibrillation in Korea based on real-world data
Authors: Kim Woojin , Kim Min , Kim Yun Tae , Park Woongbi , Kim Jin-bae , Kim Changsoo , Joung Boyoung 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAblation-based treatment has emerged as an alternative rhythm control strategy for symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent studies have demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of ablation compared with medical therapy in various circumstances. We assessed the economic comparison between ablation and medical therapy based on a nationwide real-world population.Methods and findingsFor 192,345 patients with new-onset AF (age ≥ 18 years) identified between August 2015 and July 2018 from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database, medical resource use data were collected to compare AF patients that underwent ablation (N = 2,131) and those administered antiarrhythmic drugs (N = 8,048). Subsequently, a Markov chain Monte Carlo model was built. The patients had at least one risk factor for stroke, and the base-case used a 20-year time horizon, discounting at 4.5% annually. Transition probabilities and costs were estimated using the present data, and utilities were derived from literature review. The costs were converted to US $ (2019). Sensitivity analyses were performed using probabilistic and deterministic methods. The net costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) for antiarrhythmic drugs and ablation treatments were $37,421 and 8.8 QALYs and $39,820 and 9.3 QALYs, respectively. Compared with antiarrhythmic drugs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ablation was $4,739/QALY, which is lower than the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $32,000/QALY.ConclusionIn symptomatic AF patients with a stroke risk under the age of 75 years, ablation-based rhythm control is potentially a more economically attractive option compared with antiarrhythmic drug-based rhythm control in Korea.
The Need for Speed and Efficiency: A Brief Review of Small Molecule Antivirals for COVID-19
Authors: Puhl Ana C. , Lane Thomas R. , Urbina Fabio , Ekins Sean 
Published: January 2023

While we currently have multiple highly effective vaccines approved for use against SARS-CoV-2 in the USA and other countries, there are far fewer small molecule antivirals approved to date. The emergence of the latest SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron which is heavily mutated in the spike protein, is also raising concerns about the effectiveness of these current vaccines and increasing the call for more therapeutic options. At the time of writing only remdesivir is approved by the FDA while molnupiravir (already approved in the United Kingdom) and Paxlovid (PF-07321332) have emergency use authorizations from the FDA. Repurposed molecules, such as dexamethasone and baricitinib, have been authorized for emergency use in some countries and are used in combination with remdesivir. After 2 years we are only now starting to see the progression of further molecules through animal models to assess their efficacy before clinical trials. As datasets accumulate from both in vitro and in vivo animal efficacy models, this may allow us to understand the physicochemical properties necessary for antiviral activity and enable the search for additional antivirals. We now summarize 25 small molecule drugs that are either approved, in the process of approval or in the pipeline for COVID which have both in vitro and in vivo data. We demonstrate that these drugs are structurally diverse and cover a wide chemistry space. This information may aid our understanding of what it takes to be a promising treatment for COVID-19 and propose how to discover antivirals faster and more efficiently for the next pandemic.
Stepwise correction of ECMWF ensemble forecasts of severe rainfall in China based on segmented hierarchical clustering
Authors: Gao Li , Zhao Zuosen , Qin Jun , Chen Quanliang , Cai Hongke 
Published: January 2023

Ensemble forecast plays a vital role in numerical weather prediction. Hence, effectively extracting useful information from ensemble members to improve precipitation forecasting skills has always been an important issue. Using the ensemble forecast data on precipitation from the ECMWF-GEPS (Global Ensemble Prediction System), we propose a stepwise correction method, based on segmented hierarchical clustering (SHC), for forecast of daily precipitation. This method employs a segmented correction scheme, thereby generating more probabilistic forecast information and improving forecasts. Validations of the SHC method have been performed by comparison with two other methods, namely the ensemble-mean (EM) method and the direct hierarchical clustering (HC) method. Our results showed that deterministic forecast via SHC improved the ability to forecast heavy precipitation in short- and medium-range forecast timeframes. Therefore, SHC performed better than either EM or HC by effectively extending lead time to impending severe rainfall by 2–3 days relative to the other two methods. SHC also demonstrated better performance than the other methods through continuous forecast verification in summer 2021, and even had better effects in the forecast of multiple heavy-precipitation cases, including the Zhengzhou extreme rainfall on 20 July 2021. Overall, the SHC method has great potential for improving ensemble rainfall forecasts in the current operational system.
The nature and controls on downstream change of channel sediment along the Shiyang River, Northwest China
Authors: Li Ping , Gao Hongshan , Yan Tianqi , Li Zongmeng , Wu Yajie , Liu Fenliang 
Published: January 2023

The grain size composition and distribution of river sediments are important for understanding regional geomorphological evolution, source-sink processes and drainage ecology. The Shiyang River basin, an inland river system in northwestern China, provides an environmental context within which to investigate the relationship between sediment particle size and environmental factors. Based on the analysis of the grain size characteristics of modern riverbed sediments, basin geomorphological parameters and lithology, it is found that the median grain size (Md) of river sediments shows a decrease trend from upstream to downstream in the basin. One of the tributaries named the Jinta River shows an obvious downstream fining trend (exponentially decreasing) of Md, which is related to the old geomorphological development stages and relatively homogeneous lithology in the basin. The downstream fining trend of Md along the Xiying River, another tributary, shows complex fluctuations, which might be affected by the tectonically active, young geomorphic development stage, complex lithology of the basin, and the sediment confluence of tributaries. The gravel-sand transition zone occurs in the plain section of the river about 28 km out of the mountain, which is related to the combination of regional geomorphological features, river morphology and hydraulic sorting.
Effects of bariatric surgery on testosterone level and sexual function in men with obesity: A retrospective study
Authors: Chen Guoji , Sun Luping , Jiang Shuwen , Chen Xiaomei , Zhu Jie , Zhao Xin , Yu Shuqing , Dong Zhiyong , Chen Yuan , Zhang Wen , Yang Wah , Wang Cunchuan 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionBariatric surgeries induce well-documented weight loss and resolve obesity comorbidities. Sexual function is one of the aspects of life quality and may benefit from surgery. Few studies have revealed the impact of bariatric surgeries on sexual function in Chinese men with obesity.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing bariatric surgery [laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB)]. Data were collected between September 2017 and February 2022. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire was used to evaluate erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction. Sex hormones and other blood tests were evaluated before and at least 1 year after the surgery.ResultsFifty-nine Chinese male patients completed the IIEF questionnaire. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) was the single independent risk factor of the severity of erectile dysfunction (ED). Preoperative testosterone levels had negative correlations with BMI and waist circumference. Thirty-seven patients completed the postoperative questionnaire with a mean follow-up of 23.2 months.ConclusionBMI and waist circumference were negatively correlated with testosterone levels. BMI was an independent risk factor for the severity of ED. LSG and LRYGB led to positive and sustained improvement in sexual function of men with obesity. The two procedures had a comparable effect, more subjects being needed. Sex hormone levels also could be reversible. However, more weight loss did not predict a positive change in sexual function. A greater BMI loss might predict a greater increase in testosterone.
Emerging trends and hotspots in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) research from 2012 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liao Yudi , Wang Liya , Liu Fang , Zhou Yanyu , Lin Xiaoqi , Zhao Zijun , Xu Saihong , Tang Dan , Jiao Yingfu , Yang Liqun , Yu Weifeng , Gao Po 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease. MAFLD is a major risk factor for end-stage liver disease including cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The pathogenesis of MAFLD is complex and has not yet been clarified. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have conducted quantitative bibliometric analysis to evaluate published MAFLD research. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of MAFLD publications over the past decade to summarize the current research hotspots and predict future research directions in this field.MethodsArticles into MAFLD published from 2012 to 2021 were identified from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace software, VOSviewer, the “bibliometrix” R package, and the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology were used to analyze the current publication trends and hotspots.ResultsWe retrieved 13959 English articles about MAFLD published from 2012 to 2021. Primary sites of publication were dominated by the United States until 2014, when China became the source of most published MAFLD-related research papers. The United States was found to be the most engaged country in international cooperative efforts. Shanghai Jiao Tong University was the most productive institution. Loomba R was the most productive author with 123 articles. The co-cited keyword cluster tag showed ten main clusters: #0 liver fibrosis, #1 hemoglobin, #2 metabolic associated fatty liver disease, #3 egcg, #4 myocardial infarction, #5 heart disease, #6 pnpla3, #7 hepatocellular carcinoma, #8 noninvasive marker, and #9 children. Keyword burst analysis showed that gut microbiota was the highest-intensity research hotspot.ConclusionIn the past decade, the number of publications on MAFLD increased dramatically, especially in the last three years. Gut microbiota became an important research direction for etiological and therapeutic investigations into MAFLD. Insulin resistance was also a key factor in studying the development of MAFLD in recent years. Liver fibrosis was an important focus of disease development. This study provides systematic information, helps guide future research, and helps to identify mechanisms and new treatment methods for MAFLD.
Epidemiology and the economic burden of traumatic fractures in China: A population-based study
Authors: Huang Bo-xuan , Wang Yan-hua , Wang Hai-bo , Wang Chu , Jin Fei-fei , Li Jing , Gan Lan-xia , Shi Ying , Jiang Bao-guo , Zhang Dian-ying 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesNational data on the admission rate, distribution, in-hospital mortality, and economic burden of traumatic fractures in China is unclear. We aimed to conduct a cross-sectional population-based study to determine such above data at the national level in China.MethodsA national administrative database was used to review all traumatic fracture hospitalizations in China during 2020, from which a total of 2,025,169 inpatients with traumatic fractures was retrieved. Admission rates and in-hospital mortality rates stratified by age, sex, and region were calculated. The causes of traumatic fracture and economic burden were described.ResultsThe admission rate of traumatic fractures of all China population in 2020 was 1.437‰. The admission rate increased with age and varied with genders and causes of injuries. Falls are the leading cause of traumatic fracture hospitalization, followed by road traffic injuries. The most common diagnoses were femoral neck fractures, with a number of 138,377. The in-hospital mortality was 1.209‰. Road traffic injuries led to the highest in-hospital mortality. The median length of stay was 10 days, with the median hospitalization cost of ¥20,900 (about $3,056).ConclusionTraumatic fractures are concerning conditions with a high admission rate and in-hospital mortality in China, which are mainly caused by falls and road traffic injuries. The government should implement more public health policies to enhance the health of the elderly and improve transportation safety to prevent traumatic fractures.
Systematic assessment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic metabolic alterations in rats using metabolomics
Authors: Si Qingying , Guo Jinxiu , Yang Xiumei , Guo Yujin , Wu Linlin , Xie Dadi , Jiang Pei 
Published: January 2023

PurposeType 1 diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which negatively impacts multiple organs and tissues throughout the body, and its prevalence is on the rise. Prior reports primarily investigated the serum and urine specimen from diabetic patients. However, only a few studies examined the overall metabolic profile of diabetic animals or patients. The current systemic investigation will benefit the knowledge of STZ-based type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.MethodsMale SD rats were arbitrarily separated into control and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats (n = 7). The experimental rats received 50mg/kg STZ intraperitoneal injection daily for 2 consecutive days. Following 6 weeks, metabolites were assessed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and multivariate analysis was employed to screen for differentially expressed (DE) metabolites between the induced diabetic and normal rats.ResultsWe identified 18, 30, 6, 24, 34, 27, 27 and 12 DE metabolites in the serum, heart, liver, kidney, cortex, renal lipid, hippocampus, and brown fat tissues of STZ-treated diabetic rats, compared to control rats. Based on our analysis, the largest differences were observed in the amino acids (AAs), B-group vitamin, and purine profiles. Using the metabolic pathway analysis, we screened 13 metabolic pathways related to the STZ-exposed diabetes pathogenesis. These pathways were primarily AA metabolism, followed by organic acids, sugars, and lipid metabolism.ConclusionBased on our GC-MS analysis, we identified potential metabolic alterations within the STZ-exposed diabetic rats, which may aid in the understanding of diabetes pathogenesis.
Research on simplified modeling of large-scale wind farms based on equivalent transfer function and aggregate equivalent
Authors: Ding Ran , Yang Chun , Mei Rui , Yang Hongyu , Ji Jie , Shi Qi 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: In grid-connected research of large-scale wind farms, the problem of long simulation time exists in the research based on detailed model. In order to realize the fast simulation and grid-connected transient research of wind farm, this paper presents a simplified equivalent model of wind farm based on equivalent transfer function and improved capacity weighting method.Methods: This paper analyzes the mathematical model of wind turbine, corresponding to the strategy of design simplification, and the simplified model is built according to the equivalent transfer function. In addition, this paper considers the equivalent line loss model of collector line, classifies and aggregates the simplified wind turbines, and calculates the equivalent value of the converged wind turbines by using the improved capacity weighting method, the grid-connected simplified modeling of large-scale wind farm is realized.Results: A model of wind farm-MMC-HVDC flexible grid-connected wind power system is built. The simulation results show that the simplified equivalent model improves the simulation speed greatly while guaranteeing the dynamic characteristics.Discussion: The simplified equivalent strategy of wind farm can keep the same dynamic performance with the detailed model, and improve the simulation speed, and realize the fast simulation and grid-connected transient research of wind farm.
Developing PCC and DCC integral effects test experiments at the High Temperature Test Facility
Authors: Gutowska Izabela , Woods Brian G. , Halsted Joshua 
Published: January 2023

Among the Next-Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) designs, the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGRs) are very attractive, due to their inherent safety features, high power conversion efficiency, and potential of providing high-temperature process heat. To perform a thorough safety study and to license these types of reactors, sufficient information needs to be provided about the phenomena that occur during accident scenarios. While several experimental research efforts have been dedicated in the past to investigate accident scenarios, knowledge gaps still exist in the phenomena characteristic of pressurized and depressurized conduction cooldown (PCC/DCC) transients as well as for normal operation scenarios. This paper summarizes the Oregon State University High Temperature Test Facility (HTTF) test matrix, experimental campaign, and selected tests results. High Temperature Test Facility is a scaled Integral Test Facility (IET) that is capable of mimicking scaled dimensions and operational conditions of the Modular High-Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (MHTGR). The goal of the High Temperature Test Facility is to provide experimental data on the DCC, PCC and normal operating scenarios of the reference Modular High-Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor design. The DCC, PCC, mixing, heat up and cooldown tests described in this paper were performed at prototypical Modular High-Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor temperatures, scaled initial pressure conditions (∼200 kPa), and thermal power input of less than 70 kW. Presented test data show temperature distributions in the High Temperature Test Facility core, upper plenum, cross duct, or lower plenum. Based on these temperature profiles attempts to investigate stratified flow, natural convection flow, heat up, cooldown and mixing phenomena are made. Furthermore, this paper evaluates the performed test campaign in the light of the Very High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) and proposes experiments to complement the existing PCC/DCC testing database for the validation of the thermal-hydraulic codes.
Risk assessment framework for cumulative effects (RAFCE)
Authors: Antwi Effah Kwabena , Boakye-Danquah John , Owusu-Banahene Wiafe , Dabros Anna , Eddy Ian MS , Silver Daniel Abraham , Abolina Evisa , Eddy Brian , Winder Richard S. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Regional environmental risk assessment is a practical approach to understanding and proactively addressing the cumulative effects of resource development in areas of regional importance. However, regional assessment is methodologically complex, and frameworks to identify and prioritize regional risk issues to guide effective management decisions are lacking. This research develops a risk and impacts-based cumulative effects assessment framework for scoping regional cumulative effects issues to guide present and future project and regional assessment. We operationalized the framework dubbed Risk Assessment Framework for Cumulative Effects (RAFCE) to assess the risks and impacts of proposed mining development in the Ring of Fire region of Northern Ontario, Canada.Methods: Methodologically, we built on existing studies to understand the key valued ecosystem components (VECs) impacted by mining; organized an expert Bowtie Risk Assessment Tool workshop and interviews to identify regional risks and define the VECs impacted by mining; and developed an impact prioritization model that helped quantify and prioritize impacts of mining.Results and Discussion: RAFCE enabled us to: a) identify drivers and impacts of cumulative effects and potential preventive and mitigation measures for effective cumulative effects management and b) describe, quantify, and rank the major impact and components of regional interest. Using RAFCE, we can identify and prioritize impacts that are cross-cutting, multisector‐driven, synergistic, and relevant to a region, visualize and understand the risk management process, identify policy and management issues to prevent risks or mitigate impacts, and ultimately inform resource allocation for effective regional cumulative effects assessment outcomes. RAFCE is suitable for engaging diverse stakeholders in planning for regional cumulative effects assessment.
Genetic and epigenetic effects on couple adjustment in context of romantic relationship: A scoping systematic review
Authors: Khani Pouria , Ansari Dezfouli Mitra , Nasri Farzad , Rahemi Maryam , Ahmadloo Salma , Afkhami Hamed , Saeidi Farzane , Tereshchenko Sergey , Bigdeli Mohammad Reza , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Couples’ relationships defined by a complex interaction between the two partners and their intrapersonal traits. Romantic; relationships and love are associated with marital satisfaction and stability, as well as couples’ happiness and health. Personality traits influence romantic relationships and, personality influenced by genetical and non-genetically factors. The roles of non-genetically factors such as socioeconomic position and external appearance have revealed in determining the quality of romantic relationships.Methods: We; performed a scoping systematic review to assess the association between genetics and epigenetic factors and romantic relationship. Relevant articles were identified by PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and the APA PsycInfo searching between inception and 4 June 2022.Results: Different studies evaluated the associated polymorphisms in 15 different genes or chromosomal regions. In the first step; we classified them into four groups: (1) Oxytocin-related signaling pathway (OXTR, CD38, and AVPR1A); (2) Serotonin-related signaling pathway (SLC6A4, HTR1A, and HTR2A); (3) Dopamine and catecholamine-related signaling pathway (DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, ANKK1, and COMT); and (4) other genes (HLA, GABRA2, OPRM1, and Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55). Then, we evaluated and extracted significant polymorphisms that affect couple adjustment and romantic relationships.Discussion: Overall, the findings suggest that genetic and epigenetics variants play a key role in marital adjustment and romantic relationships over time.