bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MacMahon’s statistics on higher-dimensional partitions
Authors: Amanov Alimzhan , Yeliussizov Damir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study some combinatorial properties of higher-dimensional partitions which generalize plane partitions. We present a natural bijection betweend-dimensional partitions andd-dimensional arrays of nonnegative integers. This bijection has a number of important applications. We introduce a statistic ond-dimensional partitions, called the corner-hook volume, whose generating function has the formula of MacMahon’s conjecture. We obtain multivariable formulas whose specializations give analogues of various formulas known for plane partitions. We also introduce higher-dimensional analogues of dual stable Grothendieck polynomials which are quasisymmetric functions and whose specializations enumerate higher-dimensional partitions of a given shape. Finally, we show probabilistic connections with a directed last passage percolation model in$\mathbb {Z}^d$.
Flow control of a plunging cylinder based on resolvent analysis
Authors: Lin Ching-Te , Tsai Min-Lin , Tsai Hsieh-Chen 
Published: July 2023

We design an open-loop active flow control for separated flows around a plunging circular cylinder based on resolvent analysis. The cylinder is plunging at a Strouhal number of 0.36 and a Reynolds number of 500. A linear time-periodic system for control is obtained by linearizing the non-inertial incompressible vorticity equation in the cylinder-fixed frame about a time-averaged base flow. Using the Lyapunouv–Floquet transformation, the linear time-periodic system is transformed into a similar linear time-invariant system, whose resolvent is analysed to obtain an optimal actuating Strouhal number of 0.1464 for the transformed linear system. Simulations show that the active control with tangential actuations is capable of reducing the lift fluctuation by up to 25.7 % when the flow is actuated near the predicted harmonic and subharmonic frequencies.
Schatten class composition operators on the Hardy space
Authors: Yang Wenwan , Yuan Cheng 
Published: July 2023

Suppose $2< p<\infty$ and $\varphi$ is a holomorphic self-map of the open unit disk $\mathbb {D}$. We show the following assertions:
(1)If $\varphi$ has bounded valence and
0.1\begin{equation} \int_{\mathbb{D}} \left(\frac{1-|z|^2}{1-|\varphi(z)|^2}\right)^{p/2}\frac{\mathrm{d} A(z)}{(1-|z|^2)^2}<\infty, \end{equation}then $C_{\varphi }$ is in the Schatten $p$-class of the Hardy space $H^2$.(2)There exists a holomorphic self-map $\varphi$ (which is, of course, not of bounded valence) such that the inequality (0.1) holds and $C_{\varphi }: H^2\to H^2$ does not belong to the Schatten $p$-class.
Human colostrum in vitro protein digestion: peptidomics by liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-high-resolution MS and prospection for bioactive peptides via bioinformatics
Authors: Campanhon Isabele Batista , de Aguiar Paula Fernandes , Bezerra Flávia Fioruci , Soares Márcia Regina , Torres Alexandre Guedes 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBreast milk is known to contain bioactive peptides that are released during digestion, being a major source of bioactive peptides to the new-born, some of which act against invading pathogens. However, the formation of bioactive peptides during digestion of human colostrum remains largely uninvestigated. This study aimed to investigate the formation of peptides during simulated digestion of human colostrum from adult women and to prospect antimicrobial peptides. For this purpose, we used high-resolution MS to monitor the release of peptides during in vitro digestion. Bioinformatics was used for the prospection of antimicrobial activity of peptides. During simulated digestion (oral, gastric and duodenal phases), 2318 peptide sequences derived from 112 precursor proteins were identified. At the end of simulated digestion, casein-derived peptide sequences were the most frequently observed. Among precursors, some proteins were seen for the first time in this study. The resulting peptides were rich in proline, glutamine, valine and leucine residues, providing characteristic traits of antimicrobial peptides. From bioinformatics analysis, seven peptides showed potentially high antimicrobial activity towards bacteria, viruses and fungi, from which the latter was the most prominent predicted activity. Antimicrobial peptides released during digestion may provide a defence platform with controlled release for the new-born.
Helminth-host-environment interactions: Looking down from the tip of the iceberg
Authors: Scott M.E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 1978, the theory behind helminth parasites having the potential to regulate the abundance of their host populations was formalized based on the understanding that those helminth macroparasites that reduce survival or fecundity of the infected host population would be among the forces limiting unregulated host population growth. Now, 45 years later, a phenomenal breadth of factors that directly or indirectly affect the host–helminth interaction has emerged. Based largely on publications from the past 5 years, this review explores the host–helminth interaction from three lenses: the perspective of the helminth, the host, and the environment. What biotic and abiotic as well as social and intrinsic host factors affect helminths? What are the negative, and positive, implications for host populations and communities? What are the larger-scale implications of the host–helminth dynamic on the environment, and what evidence do we have that human-induced environmental change will modify this dynamic? The overwhelming message is that context is everything. Our understanding of second-, third-, and fourth-level interactions is extremely limited, and we are far from drawing generalizations about the myriad of microbe-helminth-host interactions.Yet the intricate, co-evolved balance and complexity of these interactions may provide a level of resilience in the face of global environmental change. Hopefully, this albeit limited compilation of recent research will spark new interdisciplinary studies, and application of the One Health approach to all helminth systems will generate new and testable conceptual frameworks that encompass our understanding of the host–helminth–environment triad.
Social isolation from childhood to mid-adulthood: is there an association with older brain age?
Authors: Lay-Yee Roy , Hariri Ahmad R. , Knodt Annchen R. , Barrett-Young Ashleigh , Matthews Timothy , Milne Barry J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder brain age – as estimated from structural MRI data – is known to be associated with detrimental mental and physical health outcomes in older adults. Social isolation, which has similar detrimental effects on health, may be associated with accelerated brain aging though little is known about how different trajectories of social isolation across the life course moderate this association. We examined the associations between social isolation trajectories from age 5 to age 38 and brain age assessed at age 45.MethodsWe previously created a typology of social isolation based on onset during the life course and persistence into adulthood, using group-based trajectory analysis of longitudinal data from a New Zealand birth cohort. The typology comprises four groups: ‘never-isolated’, ‘adult-only’, ‘child-only’, and persistent ‘child-adult’ isolation. A brain age gap estimate (brainAGE) – the difference between predicted age from structural MRI date and chronological age – was derived at age 45. We undertook analyses of brainAGE with trajectory group as the predictor, adjusting for sex, family socio-economic status, and a range of familial and child-behavioral factors.ResultsOlder brain age in mid-adulthood was associated with trajectories of social isolation after adjustment for family and child confounders, particularly for the ‘adult-only’ group compared to the ‘never-isolated’ group.ConclusionsAlthough our findings are associational, they indicate that preventing social isolation, particularly in mid-adulthood, may help to avert accelerated brain aging associated with negative health outcomes later in life.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for being involved in intimate partner violence and sexual violence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arrondo Gonzalo , Osorio Alfonso , Magallón Sara , Lopez-del Burgo Cristina , Cortese Samuele 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) are significant problems world-wide, and they affect women disproportionally. Whether individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an increased risk of being involved in these types of violence is unclear.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42022348165) of the associations between ADHD and being the victim or perpetrator of IPV and SV. Ratios of occurrence of violence were pooled in random-effects models and study risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsA search on multiple databases, carried out on 7 October 2022, yielded 14 eligible studies (1 111 557 individuals). Analyses showed a higher risk of ADHD individuals being involved in IPV as perpetrators (six studies, OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.51–4.15) or victims (four studies, OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.06–3.0). Likewise, individuals with ADHD were at increased risk of being perpetrators (three studies, OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.35–5.51) or victims of SV (six studies, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.51–2.24). Results were overall robust to different analytical choices.ConclusionsIndividuals with ADHD are at an increased risk of being involved in cases of violence, namely IPV and SV, either as victims or perpetrators. Although the causal path or mediating variables for these results are still unclear, this increased risk should inform evidence-based psychoeducation with individuals with ADHD, their families, and partners about romantic relationships and sexuality.
Structural variability of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia and its association with clinical symptoms
Authors: Joo Sung Woo , Jo Young Tak , Kim Yangsik , Lee Won Hee , Chung Young-Chul , Lee Jungsun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial evidence indicates structural abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), although their clinical implications remain unclear. Previous case-control studies have investigated group-level differences in structural abnormalities, although the study design cannot account for interindividual differences. Recent research has focused on the association between the heterogeneity of the cerebral cortex morphometric features and clinical heterogeneity.MethodsWe used neuroimaging data from 420 healthy controls and 695 patients with SCZ from seven studies. Four cerebral cortex measures were obtained: surface area, gray matter volume, thickness, and local gyrification index. We calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) and person-based similarity index (PBSI) scores and performed group comparisons. Associations between the PBSI scores and cognitive functions were evaluated using Spearman's rho test and normative modeling.ResultsPatients with SCZ had a greater CV of surface area and cortical thickness than those of healthy controls. All PBSI scores across cortical measures were lower in patients with SCZ than in HCs. In the patient group, the PBSI scores for gray matter volume and all cortical measures taken together positively correlated with the full-scale IQ scores. Patients with deviant PBSI scores for gray matter volume and all cortical measures taken together had lower full-scale IQ scores than those of other patients.ConclusionsThe cerebral cortex in patients with SCZ showed greater regional and global structural variability than that in healthy controls. Patients with deviant similarity of cortical structural profiles exhibited a lower general intelligence than those exhibited by the other patients.
Development and validation of a multimodal neuroimaging biomarker for electroconvulsive therapy outcome in depression: a multicenter machine learning analysis
Authors: Bruin Willem Benjamin , Oltedal Leif , Bartsch Hauke , Abbott Christopher , Argyelan Miklos , Barbour Tracy , Camprodon Joan , Chowdhury Samadrita , Espinoza Randall , Mulders Peter , Narr Katherine , Oudega Mardien , Rhebergen Didi , ten Doesschate Freek , Tendolkar Indira , van Eijndhoven Philip , van Exel Eric , van Verseveld Mike , Wade Benjamin , van Waarde Jeroen , Zhutovsky Paul , Dols Annemiek , van Wingen Guido 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective intervention for patients with treatment resistant depression. A clinical decision support tool could guide patient selection to improve the overall response rate and avoid ineffective treatments with adverse effects. Initial small-scale, monocenter studies indicate that both structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) biomarkers may predict ECT outcome, but it is not known whether those results can generalize to data from other centers. The objective of this study was to develop and validate neuroimaging biomarkers for ECT outcome in a multicenter setting.MethodsMultimodal data (i.e. clinical, sMRI and resting-state fMRI) were collected from seven centers of the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC). We used data from 189 depressed patients to evaluate which data modalities or combinations thereof could provide the best predictions for treatment remission (HAM-D score ⩽7) using a support vector machine classifier.ResultsRemission classification using a combination of gray matter volume and functional connectivity led to good performing models with average 0.82–0.83 area under the curve (AUC) when trained and tested on samples coming from the three largest centers (N = 109), and remained acceptable when validated using leave-one-site-out cross-validation (0.70–0.73 AUC).ConclusionsThese results show that multimodal neuroimaging data can be used to predict remission with ECT for individual patients across different treatment centers, despite significant variability in clinical characteristics across centers. Future development of a clinical decision support tool applying these biomarkers may be feasible.
Boomer Peak or Gen X Cliff? From SVS to LBMS in Georgia English
Authors: Renwick Margaret E. L. , Stanley Joseph A. , Forrest Jon , Glass Lelia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe late twentieth century in the United States marks the decline of regional vowel systems like the Northern Cities Shift and the Southern Vowel Shift, replaced by supralocal systems like the Low-Back-Merger Shift. We chart such change in acoustic data from seven generations of White speakers (n = 135) in the Southeastern state of Georgia. We analyze front vowels affected by both the SVS and LBMS (dress, trap), plus price and face, known respectively to monophthongize and centralize in the SVS, and LBMS-implicated lot/thought. The SVS is most advanced among Georgians born in the mid-twentieth century, particularly in face-centralization. In Generation X, retraction of front lax vowels begins, leading toward the LBMS. These results, which hold across genders and education levels, support findings that regional vowel systems declined precipitously following a Gen X “cliff,” raising questions about how such language changes are rooted in demographic transformations of that time period.
Perforated posterior mitral valve leaflet in mitral annular disjunction and infective endocarditis
Authors: Xiao Ran , Niaz Talha , Doan Tam T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe herein presented a 17-year-old female with history of mild mitral valve prolapse who was admitted for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and diagnosed with mitral annular disjunction and perforated posterior mitral valve leaflet on two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography (P1–P2). A perforation in the posterior leaflet was confirmed and repaired during surgical intervention. This is a rare presentation of leaflet perforation in the area of mitral annular disjunction.
Pulmonary artery coarctation repair in univentricular heart: indications and optimal timing
Authors: Miwa Koji , Iwai Shigemitsu , Kanaya Tomomitsu , Kawai Shota 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground:To analyse surgical outcomes of pulmonary artery coarctation in univentricular hearts, focusing on surgical indications and optimal timing.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 49 patients with pulmonary artery coarctation in univentricular hearts treated at our institution between 1993 and 2022. Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed before first-stage palliation. Of these, 14 underwent systemic-pulmonary shunt only as first-stage palliation (Group 1), and 14 underwent systemic-pulmonary shunt plus surgical pulmonary artery plasty as first-stage palliation (Group 2). Twenty-one patients diagnosed after first-stage palliation underwent surgical pulmonary artery plasty at the time of bidirectional Glenn procedure (Group 3).Results:Follow-up period after initial palliation was 6±8 years. The Fontan procedure was successful in 35 patients (71%) aged 28±26 months (range 18–139). Freedom from interstage death (Group 1, 53%; Group 2, 85%; Group 3, 93%) and interstage reintervention (Group 1, 50%; Group 2, 75%; Group 3, 73%) rates were significantly lower in Group 1 (p = 0.01). Five and four patients in Group 1 and Group 3, respectively, needed additional shunts before the bidirectional Glenn procedure. In Group 1, one patient with a non-confluent pulmonary artery achieved hemi-lung Fontan circulation. In Group 2, one patient suffering with a non-confluent pulmonary artery could not achieve Fontan circulation, whereas another patient with pulmonary venous obstruction achieved hemi-lung Fontan circulation.Conclusions:Surgical pulmonary artery plasty performed at first-stage palliation improved outcomes of pulmonary artery coarctation in univentricular hearts, particularly when pulmonary artery coarctation had already progressed during the neonatal period or early infancy.
HALL CLASSES OF GROUPS WITH A LOCALLY FINITE OBSTRUCTION
Authors: DE GIOVANNI F. , TROMBETTI M. , WEHRFRITZ B. A. F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA well-known theorem of Philip Hall states that if a group G has a nilpotent normal subgroup N such that
$G/N'$
is nilpotent, then G itself is nilpotent. We say that a group class 𝔛 is a Hall class if it contains every group G admitting a nilpotent normal subgroup N such that
$G/N'$
belongs to 𝔛. Hall classes have been considered by several authors, such as Plotkin [‘Some properties of automorphisms of nilpotent groups’, Soviet Math. Dokl.2 (1961), 471–474] and Robinson [‘A property of the lower central series of a group’, Math. Z.107 (1968), 225–231]. A further detailed study of Hall classes is performed by us in another paper [‘Hall classes of groups’, to appear] and we also investigate the behaviour of the class of finite-by-𝔜 groups for a given Hall class 𝔜 [‘Hall classes in linear groups’, to appear]. The aim of this paper is to prove that for most natural choices of the Hall class 𝔜, also the classes
$(\mathbf{L}\mathfrak{F})\mathfrak{Y}$
and 𝔅𝔜 are Hall classes, where L𝔉 is the class of locally finite groups and 𝔅 is the class of locally finite groups of finite exponent.
Experimental determination of set-up displacements in anthropomorphic phantom in single-isocentre radiosurgery for multiple brain metastases by off-axis Winston–Lutz test: ExacTracTM v.6 versus DynamicTM
Authors: Rojas-López J. A. , Chesta M. A. , Venencia C. D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
We compare the accuracy of the off-axis Winston–Lutz (WL) test in two versions of ExacTracTM: version 6.0 (ETv6) and Dynamic (ETD) in the same linac (TrueBeam STx®).

Materials and methods:
An upgraded of the ExacTracTM system was done in our institution. It was designed as an off-axis WL test before the update for comparison purposes. A head 3D-printed phantom based on a patient’s computed tomography images was used. Nine metallic fiducials were inserted and distributed on the phantom. Each target (fiducial) was designed an off-axis WL test with eight different gantry/collimator/table combinations. The phantom was placed using two different ETv6 and ETD in the same linac, and cone-beam computed tomography and electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images were acquired. The 2D deviation between the centre of the fiducial and the radiation field was found and compared with the original digital reconstructed radiography (DRR) by the profiles.

Results:
The phantom allows the definition of a procedure to determine off-axis deviations in radiosurgery treatments. The displacements calculated from the WL test showed acceptable values for both versions taking into account 3D displacement tolerances of 1 mm. These values were reached with rigorous quality assurance (QA) linac tests performed routinely that include mechanical, MV/kV and image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) tests. However, ETD indicated more accurate values for all the targets no matter the distance to the isocentre (3D displacements < 0·5 mm).

Conclusion:
In terms of the IGRT correction without set-up displacements, ETD is up to twice as accurate as the ETv6, showing 3D displacements up to 0·5 mm in all targets.
Barriers to health care access and utilization among aged indigents under the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty Programme (LEAP): the perspective of users and service providers in north-western Ghana
Authors: Domapielle Maximillian Kolbe , Dassah Cornelius , Dordaa Felix , Cheabu Benjamin Spears Ngmekpele , Sulemana Mohammed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim:
This article draws on the poverty and access to health care framework to explore the barriers to access and utilization of primary health care among aged indigents under the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty Programme (LEAP) in Ghana.

Background:
Although many developing countries have made progress in extending primary health care to their populations following the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978, the establishment of the Millennium Development Goals, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), barriers remain pervasive, particularly among vulnerable population groups. Previous studies have hardly paid in-depth attention to this important indicator for measuring progress toward achieving SDG 3.

Methodology:
To this end, we conducted a case study of access to health care services and utilization among aged indigents enrolled on the LEAP programme in the Daffiama Bussie Issa District of the Upper West. We collected and analyzed qualitative data from indigents aged 65 years and above, health care providers, and staff of the LEAP and the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).

Findings:
Our analysis found geographic inaccessibility of health care, high costs of drugs and related services, exclusion of essential services from NHIS benefits package, and irregular transfer of cash to negatively influence access and utilization of health care among aged LEAP beneficiaries in the district. In addition to the need to strengthen the economy, provide health infrastructure and human resources for health in rural areas, the government needs to review the beneficiaries’ bimonthly stipends to reflect the daily minimum wage, eliminate the delay in payments, and review the benefits package of the NHIS to include essential services and medical devices commonly used by aged people. Yet implementing these recommendations has affordability implications that require innovation to mobilize additional resources and create the desired fiscal space and institutions that can sustainably implement universal coverage programmes such as the LEAP.