bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal characteristics of small business owners and their strategic change behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gimmon Eli , Zysberg Leehu 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study aims to present and test a model of small business owners’ adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic, through the lenses of the resource-based view of the firm, upper echelon theory (UET) and positive psychology. Specifically, it examined the relationships between personal characteristics and strategic pivot behavior in a sample of small business owners during a peak period of the crisis in Israel.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample (N = 202) of small business owners provided information on their business and demographics, and responded to questionnaires assessing their personality (Big Five personality traits), emotional intelligence (EI) and reported the extent to which they implemented strategic changes during the pandemic. These changes were categorized as “positive” (e.g. shifting to new markets, adding partners or investors) or “negative’ (e.g. letting employees go).

Findings
The results partially support an association between personality traits and “positive” strategic change behavior, mediated by EI.

Research limitations/implications
The results suggest that business owners' personality traits, and chief among them – EI may play a key role in enabling flexibility when dealing with a long-term crisis or threat. However, market and legislative differences between markets may limit the generalizability to other sectors or countries.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to address small businesses’ COVID-19-related challenges from a personal-resource perspective by applying a theoretical lens integrating the RBV of the firm, UET and positive psychology. The findings provide a better understanding of the ways in which business owners’ personal resources account for business pivot behavior in times of crisis.
Navigating climate change: migration challenges in Southeast Asia
Authors: Saha Pravati 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis article addresses some of the most pressing issues related to climate change and its potential consequences, namely population migration in Southeast Asia. It sheds light on how slow-onset events interact with other variables to limit the ability of people to adapt to stressors through human mobility.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts an analytical methodology to evaluate the extent to which the planning policy framework addresses these issues within the context of achieving resilient development.FindingsClimate stressors will force millions of people to move within their own countries, while others will be forced to cross international borders, leaving others stranded. Desertification, sea level rise, ocean acidification, air pollution, changing rainfall patterns and biodiversity loss are all examples of slow-onset processes that the author believes will be exacerbated by climate change.Research limitations/implicationsThis will exacerbate many existing humanitarian issues, and more people may be forced to flee their homes as a result. This research helps improve the understanding of migration’s social, economic and environmental implications.Originality/valueThe research offers a novel perspective and analysis of the unique migration challenges arising from climate change in the Southeast Asian context.
Balletic bodies under lockdown: The consequences of a pandemic for highly disciplined habitus
Authors: Moore Catherine Anne , Emmerich Nathan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLike other elite athletes, ballet dancers are highly dedicated to the pursuit of their vocation. They work to perfect their bodies, their movements and their expression of the art form. The lockdowns that occurred during the COVID‐19 pandemic represented a significant interruption to the extraordinary but everyday lives of ballet dancers, creating unique environments where exploration of the embodied habitus of ballet can be further investigated. The impacts of lockdown upon dancers were explored via a series of interviews with 12 professional dancers from Germany. Framed by previous research, theorising the balletic body from a Bourdieusian perspective, interview data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Our research highlights the way in which COVID‐19 lockdowns and associated restrictions disrupt the habitus of dancers and results in a form of suffering that is comparable to injury or chronic illness. Our research suggests that individuals respond to the ‘structural injuries’ of lockdown measures in a manner comparable to the way they respond to physiological injury. Thus, dancers sought to repair or re‐establish the social structures they ordinarily inhabit whilst the inevitable limitations of such efforts engendered occasions for reflexive thinking about their role, careers and identity as dancers.
Periphrases with Motion Verbs in Vedic Sanskrit: (between) Textual Analysis and Grammaticalization Patterns
Authors: Grieco Beatrice 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Sanskrit language knows the use of iterative‐continuative periphrases which are so far mostly unexplored. The aim of this paper is to investigate the grammaticalization of the motion verbsi‐ ‘go’ andcar‐ ‘move’ plus participle into auxiliary verbs, collecting data from the earliest attestations (c. 2ndmillennium BC) to Late Vedic (c. 900–600 BC). I argue that in the earliest attestations there are no clear cases of periphrasis, but the motion verbs are combined with an extremely high percentage of intensive participles (with iterativeAktionsart). On the other hand, in Late Vedici‐ ‘go’ andcar‐ ‘move’ function as iterative‐continuative auxiliaries in composition with participial form. As I will show, this new periphrastic construction is one of the strategies to substitute the synthetic intensive category, which was slowly disappearing after the Early Vedic time.
Urinary incontinence more than 15 years after premenopausal risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy: a multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Terra Lara , Heemskerk‐Gerritsen Bernadette A. M. , Beekman Maarten J. , Engelhardt Ellen , Mourits Marian J. E. , van Doorn Helena C. , de Hullu Joanna A. , Mom Constantijne H. , Slangen Brigitte F. M. , Gaarenstroom Katja N. , van Beurden Marc , Roeters Van Lennep Jeanine E. , van Dorst Eleonora B. L. , van der Kolk Lizet E. , Collée J. Margriet , Wevers Marijke R. , Ausems Margreet G .E. M. , van Engelen Klaartje , van de Beek Irma , Berger Lieke P. V. , van Asperen Christi J. , Gomez Garcia Encarna B. , Maas Angela H. E. M. , Hooning Maartje J. , Steensma Anneke B. , van Leeuwen Flora E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo study the impact of premenopausal risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO), compared with postmenopausal RRSO, on urinary incontinence (UI) ≥10 years later.DesignCross‐sectional study, nested in a nationwide cohort.SettingMulticentre in the Netherlands.Population750 women (68% BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers) who underwent either premenopausal RRSO (≤45 years, n = 496) or postmenopausal RRSO (≥54 years, n = 254). All participants were ≥55 years at the time of the study.MethodsUrinary incontinence was assessed by the urinary distress inventory‐6 (UDI‐6); a score ≥33.3 indicated symptomatic UI. The incontinence impact questionnaire short form (IIQ‐SF) was used to assess the impact on women's health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL). Differences between groups were analysed using regression analyses adjusting for current age and other confounders.Main outcome measuresDifferences in UDI‐6 scores and IIQ‐SF scores between women with a premenopausal and a postmenopausal RRSO.ResultsWomen in the premenopausal RRSO group had slightly higher UDI‐6 scores compared with women in the postmenopausal RRSO group (P = 0.053), and their risk of symptomatic UI was non‐significantly increased (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.93–4.78). A premenopausal RRSO was associated with a higher risk of stress UI (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2–10.0) but not with urge UI. The proportions of women with a significant impact of UI on HR‐QoL were similar in the premenopausal and postmenopausal RRSO groups (10.4% and 13.0%, respectively; P = 0.46).ConclusionsMore than 15 years after premenopausal RRSO, there were no significant differences in overall symptomatic UI between women with a premenopausal and those with a postmenopausal RRSO.
Efficacy of molnupiravir and sotrovimab in Japanese dialysis patients with COVID‐19 in clinical practice during the Omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) pandemic
Authors: Kikuchi Kan , Nangaku Masaomi , Ryuzaki Munekazu , Yamakawa Tomoyuki , Ota Yoshihiro , Hanafusa Norio , Sakai Ken , Kanno Yoshihiko , Ando Ryoichi , Shinoda Toshio , Wakino Shu , Nakamoto Hidetomo , Takemoto Yoshiaki , Akizawa Tadao ,   COVID‐19 Task Force Committee of the Japanese Association of Dialysis Physicians, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, and the Japanese Society of Nephrology
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn the present study, the efficacy of sotrovimab and molnupiravir in dialysis patients with COVID‐19 was investigated using a registry of COVID‐19 in Japanese dialysis patients.MethodsDialysis patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 during the COVID‐19 (Omicron BA.1 and BA.2) pandemic were analyzed. Patients were classified into four treatment groups: molnupiravir monotherapy (molnupiravir group), sotrovimab monotherapy (sotrovimab group), molnupiravir and sotrovimab combination therapy (combination group), and no antiviral therapy (control group). The mortality rates in the four groups were compared.ResultsA total of 1480 patients were included. The mortality of the molnupiravir, sotrovimab, and combination groups were significantly improved compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that antiviral therapy improves the survival of dialysis patients with COVID‐19 (hazard ratio was 0.184 for molnupiravir, 0.389 for sotrovimab, and 0.254 for combination groups, respectively).ConclusionSotrovimab showed efficacy in Omicron BA.1 but attenuated in BA.2. Molnupiravir also showed efficacy in BA.2, suggesting administration of molnupiravir would be important.
Conflicting selection pressures on seed size and germination caused by carnivorous seed dispersers
Authors: CUI Jifa , ZHANG Yaqian , GUO Jinyu , WU Nan , ZHOU Youbing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlants produce nutritious, fleshy fruits that attract various animals to facilitate seed dispersal and recruitment dynamic. Species‐specific differential selection of seed size by multiple frugivorous disperser assemblages may affect the subsequent germination of the ingested seeds. However, there is little empirical evidence supporting this association. In the present study, we documented conflicting selection pressures exerted on seed size and germination by five frugivorous carnivores on a mammal‐dispersed pioneer tree, the date‐plum persimmon (Diospyros lotus), in a subtropical forest. Fecal analyses revealed that these carnivores acted as primary seed dispersers of D. lotus. We also observed that seed sizes were selected based on body mass and were species‐specific, confirming the “gape limitation” hypothesis; three small carnivores (the masked palm civet Paguma larvata, yellow‐throated marten Martes flavigula, and Chinese ferret‐badger Melogale moschata) significantly preferred to disperse smaller seeds in comparison with control seeds obtained directly from wild plants whereas the largest Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) ingested larger seeds. Seeds dispersed by medium‐sized hog badgers (Arctonyx albogularis) were not significantly different from control seeds. However, regarding the influence of gut passage on seed germination, three arboreal dispersal agents (martens, civets, and bears) enhanced germination success whereas terrestrial species (ferret‐badgers and hog badgers) inhibited the germination process compared with undigested control seeds. These conflicting selection pressures on seed size and germination may enhance the heterogeneity of germination dynamics and thus increase species fitness through diversification of the regeneration niche. Our results advance our understanding of seed dispersal mechanisms and have important implications for forest recruitment and ecosystem dynamics.
Tofacitinib in pyoderma gangrenosum – A case series
Authors: Sathyanarayana Vanitha Agrahara , Roy Debaditya , Nagaraju Bhavya , Rao Vijay K. R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder falling under the spectrum of neutrophilic dermatosis, characterized by distinctive skin ulceration which is non‐infective, non‐neoplastic and usually with no primary vasculitis. PG lesions are notorious for relapse and hence require multiple trials of medications often with prolonged and concomitant use of steroids. Due to lack of evidence‐based studies on effective treatment options for PG, we have presented three isolated biopsy‐proven PG cases who were successfully treated with Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway inhibitor, without relapse in follow up.
Long‐term NAD+ supplementation prevents the progression of age‐related hearing loss in mice
Authors: Okur Mustafa N. , Sahbaz Burcin Duan , Kimura Risako , Manor Uri , Patel Jaimin , Park Jae‐Hyeon , Andrade Leo , Puligilla Chandrakala , Croteau Deborah L. , Bohr Vilhelm A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAge‐related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common sensory disability associated with human aging. Yet, there are no approved measures for preventing or treating this debilitating condition. With its slow progression, continuous and safe approaches are critical for ARHL treatment. Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, is well tolerated even for long‐term use and is already shown effective in various disease models including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. It has also been beneficial against noise‐induced hearing loss and in hearing loss associated with premature aging. However, its beneficial impact on ARHL is not known. Using two different wild‐type mouse strains, we show that long‐term NR administration prevents the progression of ARHL. Through transcriptomic and biochemical analysis, we find that NR administration restores age‐associated reduction in cochlear NAD+ levels, upregulates biological pathways associated with synaptic transmission and PPAR signaling, and reduces the number of orphan ribbon synapses between afferent auditory neurons and inner hair cells. We also find that NR targets a novel pathway of lipid droplets in the cochlea by inducing the expression of CIDEC and PLIN1 proteins that are downstream of PPAR signaling and are key for lipid droplet growth. Taken together, our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of NR treatment for ARHL and provide novel insights into its mechanism of action.
Chromosome‐level Asian elephant genome assembly and comparative genomics of long‐lived mammals reveal the common substitutions for cancer resistance
Authors: Li Xuanjing , Wang Pengcheng , Pan Qi , Liu Gaoming , Liu Weiqiang , Omotoso Olatunde , Du Juan , Li Zihao , Yu Yang , Huang Yun , Zhu Pingfen , Li Meng , Zhou Xuming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber), bats (e.g., genus Myotis), and elephants (family Elephantidae) are known as long‐lived mammals and are assumed to be excellent cancer antagonists. However, whether there are common genetic changes underpinning cancer resistance in these long‐lived species is yet to be fully established. Here, we newly generated a high‐quality chromosome‐level Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) genome and identified that the expanded gene families in elephants are involved in Ras‐associated and base excision repair pathways. Moreover, we performed comparative genomic analyses of 12 mammals and examined genes with signatures of positive selection in elephants, naked mole rat, and greater horseshoe bat. Residues at positively selected sites of CDR2L and ALDH6A1 in these long‐lived mammals enhanced the inhibition of tumor cell migration compared to those in short‐lived relatives. Overall, our study provides a new genome resource and a preliminary survey of common genetic changes in long‐lived mammals.
Higher‐order moments and asset pricing in the Australian stock market
Authors: Ahadzie Richard Mawulawoe , Jeyasreedharan Nagaratnam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates a set of realised higher‐order co‐moment risk–return relationships in the Australian stock market. We test the predictive power of the asset pricing model by implementing the two‐, three‐, four‐moment Capital Asset Pricing Model. Our findings show that investors respond differently to information related to realised higher‐order co‐moments, and that the corresponding gamma (normalised co‐skewness) and kappa (normalised co‐kurtosis) risk factors remain priced in the presence of continuous beta and jump beta. Furthermore, we find that the realised high‐order co‐moment risk measures are priced differently and remain significant even when combined with a set of firm characteristics.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating nicotine, cotinine and carbon monoxide exposures in people who both smoke and use nicotine replacement therapy
Authors: Podlasek Anna , Claire Ravinder , Campbell Katarzyna A. , Orton Sophie , Thomson Ross , Coleman Tim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine effects of concurrent smoking and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use on reported heaviness of smoking, nicotine (cotinine) body fluid and exhaled air carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs, which test interventions permitting concurrent NRT use and smoking and comparing, within participants, outcomes when smoking with those when smoking and using NRT concurrently. Measurements included reported number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), body fluid cotinine and expired air CO concentrations.ResultsTwenty‐nine studies were included in the review. Meta‐analysis of nine showed that, compared with when solely smoking, fewer cigarettes were smoked daily when NRT was used (mean difference during concurrent smoking and NRT use, −2.06 CPD [95% CI = −3.06 to −1.07, P < 0.0001]). Meta‐analysis of seven studies revealed a non‐significant reduction in exhaled CO during concurrent smoking and NRT use (mean difference, −0.58 ppm [95% CI = −2.18 to 1.03, P = 0.48]), but in the three studies that tested NRT used in the lead‐up to quitting (i.e. as preloading), a similar reduction in exhaled CO was statistically significant (mean difference, −2.54 ppm CO [95% CI = −4.14 to −0.95, P = 0.002]). Eleven studies reported cotinine concentrations, but meta‐analysis was not possible because of data reporting heterogeneity; of these, seven reported lower cotinine concentrations with concurrent NRT use and smoking, four reported no differences, and none reported higher concentrations.ConclusionsPeople who smoke and also use nicotine replacement therapy report smoking less heavily than people who solely smoke. When nicotine replacement therapy is used in the lead‐up to quitting (preloading), this reported smoking reduction has been biochemically confirmed. There is no evidence that concurrent smoking and nicotine replacement therapy use result in greater nicotine exposure than solely smoking.
Two‐year results of tapered dupilumab for CRSwNP demonstrates enduring efficacy established in the first 6 months
Authors: van der Lans Rik Johannes Leonardus , Otten Josje Janna , Adriaensen Gwijde Flavius Jacobus Petrus Maria , Hoven Dinand Rienk , Benoist Linda Berendina , Fokkens Wytske Johanna , Reitsma Sietze 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab is an anti‐T2‐inflammatory biological registered for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), indicated by integrated CRS‐care pathways when optimal medico‐surgical treatment yields insufficient CRS control. This study aims to evaluate long‐term results with focus on established therapeutic efficacy while tapering dupilumab.MethodsReal‐life, prospective observational cohort study in single tertiary referral center with add‐on dupilumab as primary biological treatment in adult (≥18 years) biological‐naïve CRSwNP patients per the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS)2020‐indication with a 2‐year follow‐up. Tapering (increasing interdose interval) applied every 24 weeks, conditional to sufficient treatment response and CRS control.ResultsMean scores (s.d.) of all co‐primary outcomes improved significantly from baseline ( 228) to the 48 ( 214) and 96‐weeks ( 99) timepoints: Nasal Polyp Score (0–8) improved from 5,3 (1,9) to 1,4 (1,8) and 1,3 (1,7); SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT)‐22 (0–110) improved from 53,6 (19,6) to 20,2 (15,4) and 21,2 (15,6); Sniffin’Sticks‐12 identification test (0–12; 0–6 anosmia, 7–10 hyposmia, 11–12 normosmia) improved from 3,7 (2,4) to 7,7 (2,9) and 7,3 (3,04); Asthma Control Test (5–25; >19 indicating well‐controlled asthma) improved from 18,5 (4,8) to 21,8 (3,8) and 21,4 (3,9). Tapering was feasible in 79,5% of the patients at the 24‐weeks timepoint, and in 93,7% and 95,8% at the 48‐ and 96‐weeks timepoints, respectively. One‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA demonstrated no significant alterations of individual co‐primary outcome mean‐scores from 24 weeks onward.ConclusionThis first long‐term real‐life prospective observational cohort study shows high therapeutic efficacy of dupilumab for severe CRswNP in the first 2 years. Therapeutic efficacy is principally established within 24 weeks and endures while tapering dupilumab conditional to treatment response and CRS control.
Effects of social determinants of health on mortality and incident liver‐related events and cardiovascular disease in steatotic liver disease
Authors: Chen Vincent L. , Song Michael W. , Suresh Deepika , Wadhwani Sharad I. , Perumalswami Ponni 
Published: July 2023

SummaryBackgroundSocial determinants of health (SDOH) are becoming increasingly recognised as mediators of human health. In the setting of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), most of the literature on SDOH relates to individual‐level risk factors. However, there are very limited data on neighbourhood‐level SDOH in MASLD.AimTo assess whether SDOH impact fibrosis progression in patients who already have MASLD.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients with MASLD seen at Michigan Medicine. The primary predictors were two neighbourhood‐level SDOH, ‘disadvantage’ and ‘affluence’. The primary outcomes were mortality, incident liver‐related events (LREs) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). We modelled these outcomes using Kaplan–Meier statistics for mortality and competing risk analyses for LREs and CVD, using a 1‐year landmark.ResultsWe included 15,904 patients with MASLD with median follow‐up of 63 months. Higher affluence was associated with lower risk of overall mortality (hazard ratio 0.49 [0.37–0.66], p < 0.0001 for higher vs. lower quartile), LREs (subhazard ratio 0.60 [0.39–0.91], p = 0.02) and CVD (subhazard ratio 0.71 [0.57–0.88], p = 0.0018). Disadvantage was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio 2.08 [95% confidence interval 1.54–2.81], p < 0.0001 for the highest vs. lowest quartile) and incident CVD (subhazard ratio 1.36 [95% confidence interval 1.10–1.68], p < 0.0001). These findings were robust across several sensitivity analyses.DiscussionNeighbourhood‐level SDOH are associated with mortality, incidence of LREs and incident CVD in patients with steatotic liver disease. Interventions aimed at disadvantaged neighbourhoods may improve clinical outcomes.