bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open‐Shell Diradical‐Sensitized Electron Transport Layer for High‐Performance Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Fang Shiwen , Huang Jiaxing , Tao Ran , Wei Qi , Ding Xiaobo , Yajima Shota , Chen Zhongxin , Zhu Weiya , Liu Cheng , Li Yusheng , Yin Ni , Song Leliang , Liu Yang , Shi Guozheng , Wu Hao , Gao Yiyuan , Wen Xin , Chen Qi , Shen Qing , Li Youyong , Liu Zeke , Li Yuan , Ma Wanli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are well‐documented as an excellent electron transport layer (ETL) in optoelectronic devices. However, the intrinsic surface flaw of the ZnO NPs can easily result in serious surface recombination of carriers. Exploring effective passivation methods of ZnO NPs is essential to maximize the device's performance. Herein, a hybrid strategy is explored for the first time to improve the quality of ZnO ETL by incorporating stable organic open‐shell donor‐acceptor type diradicaloids. The high electron‐donating feature of the diradical molecules can efficiently passivate the deep‐level trap states and improve the conductivity of ZnO NP film. The unique advantage of the radical strategy is that its passivation effectiveness is highly correlated with the electron‐donating ability of radical molecules, which can be precisely controlled by the rational design of molecular chemical structures. The well‐passivated ZnO ETL is applied in lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot solar cells, delivering a power conversion efficiency of 13.54%. More importantly, as a proof‐of‐concept study, this work will inspire the exploration of general strategies using radical molecules to construct high‐efficiency solution‐processed optoelectronic devices.
Topology Hierarchy of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Built from Quantum Spin Hall Layers
Authors: Xu Lixuan , Li Yiwei , Fang Yuqiang , Zheng Huijun , Shi Wujun , Chen Cheng , Pei Ding , Lu Donghui , Hashimoto Makoto , Wang Meixiao , Yang Lexian , Feng Xiao , Zhang Haijun , Huang Fuqiang , Xue Qikun , He Ke , Liu Zhongkai , Chen Yulin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe evolution of the physical properties of 2D material from monolayer limit to the bulk reveals unique consequences from dimension confinement and provides a distinct tuning knob for applications. Monolayer 1T'‐phase transition metal dichalcogenides (1T'‐TMDs) with ubiquitous quantum spin Hall (QSH) states are ideal 2D building blocks of various 3D topological phases. However, the stacking geometry has been previously limited to the bulk 1T'‐WTe2 type. Here, the novel 2M‐TMDs consisting of translationally stacked 1T'‐monolayers are introduced as promising material platforms with tunable inverted bandgaps and interlayer coupling. By performing advanced polarization‐dependent angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy as well as first‐principles calculations on the electronic structure of 2M‐TMDs, a topology hierarchy is revealed: 2M‐WSe2, MoS2, and MoSe2 are weak topological insulators (WTIs), whereas 2M‐WS2 is a strong topological insulator (STI). Further demonstration of topological phase transitions by tunning interlayer distance indicates that band inversion amplitude and interlayer coupling jointly determine different topological states in 2M‐TMDs. It is proposed that 2M‐TMDs are parent compounds of various exotic phases including topological superconductors and promise great application potentials in quantum electronics due to their flexibility in patterning with 2D materials.
Benzo[d]thiazole Based Wide Bandgap Donor Polymers Enable 19.54% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Along with Desirable Batch‐to‐Batch Reproducibility and General Applicability
Authors: Pang Bo , Liao Chentong , Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe limited selection pool of high‐performance wide bandgap (WBG) polymer donors is a bottleneck problem of the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) based organic solar cells (OSCs) that impedes the further improvement of their photovoltaic performances. Herein, a series of new WBG polymers, namely PH‐BTz, PS‐BTz, PF‐BTz, and PCl‐BTz, are developed by using the bicyclic difluoro‐benzo[d]thiazole (BTz) as the acceptor block and benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) derivatives as the donor units. By introducing S, F, and Cl atoms to the alkylthienyl sidechains on BDT, the resulting polymers exhibit lowered energy levels and enhanced aggregation properties. The fluorinated PBTz‐F not only exhibits a low‐lying HOMO level, but also has stronger face‐on packing order and results in more uniform fibril‐like interpenetrating networks in the related PF‐BTz:L8‐BO blend. A high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.57% is achieved. Moreover, PBTz‐F also exhibits a good batch‐to‐batch reproducibility and general applicability. In addition, ternary blend OSCs based on the host PBTz‐F:L8‐BO blend and PM6 guest donor exhibits a further enhanced PCE of 19.54%, which is among the highest values of OSCs.
Strain‐Driven Superlubricity of Graphene/Graphene in Commensurate Contact
Authors: Cheng Ziwen , Feng Haochen , Sun Junhui , Lu Zhibin , He Q.‐C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of structural superlubricity (SSL) requires that two sliding surfaces be in incommensurate contact. However, the incommensurate contact between two sliding surfaces is fundamentally an instable state whose maintenance over time is extremely laborious. To circumvent this difficulty, it is proposed in the present work to change the paradigm of making appear superlubricity and keeping it over time. Two graphene layers in sliding commensurate contact, which are subjected to an isotropic in‐plane synchronous strain, are considered and studied. First, by DFT calculations, it is demonstrated that the synchronous strain‐driven superlubricity (SSDSL) takes place for some particular sliding paths or for all sliding paths, once the compressive strain prescribed reaches 15% or 35%. Next, the Prandtl‐Tomlinson (P‐T) model is used to explain how to modulate stick‐slip, continuous and frictionless slides by the strain. Finally, the SSDSL of two graphene layers in commensurate contact is justified in detail by the interfacial charge density transfer due to the strain. The results obtained by the present work open a new perspective of realizing superlubricity in a robust way.
Importance of Low Humidity and Selection of Halide Ions of Octylammonium Halide in 2D–3D Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated in Air
Authors: Kwon Su Yeon , Kang Byungsoo , Won Jong Hyeon , Lee Chae Young , Hwang Kahee , Kim Hong Hee , Park Donghee , Choi Won Kook , Kim In Soo , Kim Gee Yeong , Jang Yoon Hee , Lee Phillip , Im Sang Hyuk , Kim Taehee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAir fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells with substantial reproducibility is of importance for commercialization of perovskite solar cells. There has been little consensus on which halide is the best selection for thin 2D perovskite layer on 3D perovskite when processing in ambient air. In this work, the influence of humidity and halide ions in alkylammonium halide (OAX)‐treated perovskite layer on photovoltaic performance is investigated. The authors find that a combination of high humidity and the presence of chloride ions can induce the deprotonation of methylammonium (MA+) ions. With X‐ray diffraction, cross‐sectional scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, the authors elucidate that the deprotonation reaction in the octylammonium chloride (OACl)‐treated perovskite layer makes MA+ ions (CH3NH3+) volatile MA (CH3NH2), which results in void volumes and defects in the bulk of perovskite layer as well as at the interface. The defective perovskite solar cells induced by the deprotonation reaction have the suppressed hole transfer at the interface between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer, yielding the reduced internal quantum efficiency and JSC. Space charge‐limited current analysis reveals that the reduced VOC is caused by the high trap density estimated from VTFL of hole‐only devices.
Terahertz Nonreciprocal Beam Deflection and Isolating Based on Magneto‐Optical Anisotropic Metadevice
Authors: Tan Zhiyu , Fan Fei , Guan Shengnan , Wang Hao , Cheng Jierong , Ji Yunyun , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractActive beam manipulation has significant potential in terahertz (THz) applications such as radar, wireless communication, and imaging, but they are still suffering from low efficiency and tunability. Here, by combining the gyroelectric semiconductor InSb with the anisotropic phase‐gradient metasurface, a nonreciprocal beam manipulation device actively controlled by the magnetic field is demonstrated experimentally. Due to the diffractive angle‐frequency dependence, the deflection waves are dispersed ranging from 35° to 22.5° in space corresponding to the frequencies of 0.7–1.1 THz. Importantly, two main functions of this device are developed for different polarization conversion and nonreciprocal transmission mechanisms. For the linear polarization (LP) to circular polarization output, this device modulates the diffraction efficiency from 2% to 70% by tuning the magnetic fields. For the LP to LP output, this device can separate the two orthogonal LPs in space, i.e., x‐ and y‐LP, and switch them between 25° and 35° with different magnetic fields. Moreover, the metadevice achieves the nonreciprocal one‐way transmission. This nonreciprocal beam manipulation mechanism and the related magneto‐optical metadevice provide a new scheme for multifunctions combining beam steering, one‐way transmission, polarization conversion, and magneto‐optical modulation.
Thermo‐Responsive Microemulsions Containing Deep Eutectic‐Based Antibiotic Formulations for Improved Treatment of Resistant Bacterial Ocular Infections
Authors: Pedro Sónia N. , Gomes Ana T. P. C. , Vilela Carla , Vitorino Carla , Fernandes Rosa , Almeida Adelaide , Amaral Maria Helena , Freire Mara G. , Silvestre Armando J. D. , Freire Carmen S. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rise of antibiotic resistant strains, as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), challenges the current treatment of infections. In the case of ocular infections, antibiotic eye drops are commonly prescribed. However, their efficacy is usually compromised by the low viscosity of these formulations and the eye drainage. To overcome these drawbacks, deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐based microemulsions with thermo‐responsive character, that increase their viscosity upon contact with the eye have been developed. Using betaine‐based DES aqueous solutions, it is possible to increase up to 140‐fold the water solubility of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, typically used in ocular infections. The DES solutions containing the antibiotic are applied as water phases in water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (w/o/w) microemulsions, being stable up to 3 months. Furthermore, a sustained‐release and a higher permeation of the antibiotic through the cornea than that of commercialized eye drops is achieved, while presenting comparable cytotoxicity profiles (cell viabilities > 88%). Higher antimicrobial activity and faster action of the antibiotic in case of infection with MRSA is observed compared to the commercialized formulations (7 log10 of inactivation in 48 h vs 72 h). Overall, these microemulsions comprising DES are a promising strategy to achieve higher antibiotic effectiveness in the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.
A Brain‐Targeting NIR‐II Ferroptosis System: Effective Visualization and Oncotherapy for Orthotopic Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Jing , Han Lulu , Wu Haigang , Zhong Yong , Shangguan Ping , Liu Yisheng , He Mu , Sun Han , Song Chenhui , Wang Xin , Liu Yang , Wang Jiefei , Zheng Lei , Shi Bingyang , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) ferroptosis activators offer promising potentials in in vivo theranostics of deep tumors, such as glioma. However, most cases are nonvisual iron‐based systems that are blind for in vivo precise theranostic study. Additionally, the iron species and their associated nonspecific activations might trigger undesired detrimental effects on normal cells. Considering gold (Au) is an essential cofactor for life and it can specifically bind to tumor cells, Au(I)‐based NIR‐II ferroptosis nanoparticles (TBTP‐Au NPs) for brain‐targeted orthotopic glioblastoma theranostics are innovatively constructed. It achieves the real‐time visual monitoring of both the BBB penetration and the glioblastoma targeting processes. Moreover, it is first validated that the released TBTP‐Au specifically activates the effective heme oxygenase‐1‐regulated ferroptosis of glioma cells to greatly extend the survival time of glioma‐bearing mice. This new ferroptosis mechanism based on Au(I) may open a new way for the fabrication of advanced and high‐specificity visual anticancer drugs for clinical trials.
Single‐Shot Reconfigurable Femtosecond Imaging of Ultrafast Optical Dynamics
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding ultrafast dynamics in the femtosecond timescale plays a pivotal role in fundamental research and technology innovation. Spatiotemporal observation of those events in real‐time requires imaging speeds greater than 1012 frames per second (fps), far beyond the fundamental speed limits of the ubiquitous semiconductor sensor technologies. In addition, a majority of femtosecond events are non‐repeatable or difficult‐to‐repeat since they either work in a highly unstable nonlinear regime or require extreme or rare conditions to initiate. Therefore, the traditional pump‐probe imaging approach fails since it heavily depends on precise event repetition. Single‐shot ultrafast imaging emerges as the only solution; however, existing techniques cannot reach more than 15×1012 fps, and they only record an insufficient number of frames. Compressed ultrafast spectral photography (CUSP) is proposed to overcome these limitations. Here, CUSP's full design space is explored by manipulating the ultrashort optical pulse in the active illumination. Via parameter optimization, an extraordinarily fast frame rate of 219×1012 fps is achieved. This implementation of CUSP is also highly flexible, allowing various combinations of imaging speeds and numbers of frames (several hundred up to 1000) to be readily deployed in diverse scientific studies, such as laser‐induced transient birefringence, self‐focusing, and filaments in dielectric media.
An Integrated Analog Front‐End System on Flexible Substrate for the Acquisition of Bio‐Potential Signals
Authors: Shi Runxiao , Liu Xuchi , Lei Tengteng , Lu Lei , Xia Zhihe , Wong Man 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe application of a versatile, low‐temperature thin‐film transistor (TFT) technology is presently described as the implementation on a flexible substrate of an analog front‐end (AFE) system for the acquisition of bio‐potential signals. The technology is based on semiconducting amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO). The AFE system consists of three monolithically integrated constituent components: a bias‐filter circuit with a bio‐compatible low cut‐off frequency of ≈1 Hz, a 4‐stage differential amplifier offering a large gain‐bandwidth product of ≈955 kHz, and an additional notch filter exhibiting over 30 dB suppression of the power‐line noise. Respectively built using conductive IGZO electrodes with thermally induced donor agents and enhancement‐mode fluorinated IGZO TFTs with exceptionally low leakage current, both capacitors and resistors with significantly reduced footprints are realized. Defined as the ratio of the gain‐bandwidth product of an AFE system to its area, a record‐setting figure‐of‐merit of ≈86 kHz mm−2 is achieved. This is about an order of magnitude larger than the < 10 kHz mm−2 of the nearest benchmark. Requiring no supplementary off‐substrate signal‐conditioning components and occupying an area of ≈11 mm2, the stand‐alone AFE system is successfully applied to both electromyography and electrocardiography (ECG).
Direct Patterning of Conductive Structures on Hydrogels by Laser‐Based Graphitization for Supercapacitor Fabrication
Authors: Miyakoshi Rikuto , Hayashi Shuichiro , Terakawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrogels have emerged as promising supporting materials for wearable or implantable electronic devices, owing to their high biocompatibility. Among the many techniques for patterning conductive structures on supporting materials, laser‐based graphitization allows the simultaneous synthesis and patterning of conductive structures. Here, it has been demonstrated for the first time, the direct patterning of conductive structures on hydrogels by laser‐based graphitization, and the application of this method to the fabrication of hydrogel‐based supercapacitors. Conductive graphitic carbon is formed on the hydrogel along the trajectory of laser scanning. One‐step fabrication of supercapacitors is achieved by laser irradiation of hydrogels containing both lignin and NaCl electrolyte. Notably, the areal capacitance of the fabricated supercapacitor is retained after drying and swelling, indicating its reusability. The method realizes rapid fabrication of hydrogel‐based supercapacitors that can be stored in a dry state, providing a facile method for storing and delivering energy‐storage devices.
Effect of Residual Carbon on Spin‐Polarized Coupling at a Graphene/Ferromagnet Interface
Authors: Jugovac Matteo , Cojocariu Iulia , Genuzio Francesca , Bigi Chiara , Mondal Debashis , Vobornik Ivana , Fujii Jun , Moras Paolo , Feyer Vitaliy , Locatelli Andrea , Menteş Tevfik Onur 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVertical stacks of graphene and ferromagnetic layers are predicted to be efficient spin filters, while the experimentally observed figures of merit systematically remain below the theoretical predictions. According to general consensus, a vaguely defined interface contamination is found responsible for this discrepancy. Here, it is demonstrated how the spin‐polarized electronic structure of single‐layer graphene supported on a ferromagnetic cobalt substrate is affected by the presence of an interfacial carbidic buffer layer, formed by residual carbon present in the Co substrate. It is found that the Co‐C hybridized single‐spin state near the Fermi level disappears upon thermal segregation of bulk carbon at the graphene–Co interface, which determines the electronic decoupling of graphene from the ferromagnetic support and consequently, the suppression of net spin polarization. These observations are shown to be independent of the graphene azimuthal orientation with respect to the high symmetry directions of the substrate. The findings provide clear evidence that the realization of highly polarized spin currents in graphene/ferromagnet heterostacks depends on careful control of the graphene growth process in order to eliminate interfacial carbon.
Role of Scaffold Architecture and Excess Surface Polymer Layers in a 3D‐Interconnected Ceramic/Polymer Composite Electrolyte
Authors: Sahore Ritu , Armstrong Beth L. , Tang Xiaomin , Liu Changhao , Owensby Kyra , Kalnaus Sergiy , Chen Xi Chelsea 
Published: March 2023

Abstract3D‐interconnected ceramic/polymer composite electrolytes offer promise to combine the benefits of both ceramic and polymer electrolytes. However, an in‐depth understanding of the role of the ceramic scaffold's architecture, and the associated polymer/ceramic interfaces on the electrochemical properties of such composite electrolytes is still incomplete. Here, these factors are systematically evaluated using an interconnected composite electrolyte with a tunable and well‐defined architecture. The ionic conductivity of the ceramic scaffold is strongly dependent on its porosity and tortuosity, as demonstrated experimentally and via theoretical modeling. The connectivity of the ceramic framework avoids the high interfacial impedance at the polymer/ceramic electrolyte interface within the composite. However, this work discovers that the interfacial impedance between the bulk composite and excess surface polymer layers of the composite membrane dominates the overall impedance, resulting in a 1–2 order drop of ionic conductivity compared to the ceramic scaffold. Despite the high impedance interfaces, an improved Li+ transference number is found compared to the neat polymer (0.29 vs 0.05), attributed to the ceramic phase's contributions toward ion transport. This leads to flatter overpotentials in lithium symmetric cell cycling. These results are expected to guide future research directions toward scalable manufacturing of composite electrolytes with optimized architecture and interfaces.
Enabling an Intrinsically Safe and High‐Energy‐Density 4.5 V‐Class Lithium‐Ion Battery with Synergistically Incorporated Fast Ion Conductors
Authors: Wang Lifan , Liu Guicheng , Xu Rui , Wang Xindong , Wang Liguang , Yao Zhenpeng , Zhan Chun , Lu Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Ni‐rich layered oxide cathode is pushing the frontier of battery powered electric vehicles toward longer driving range and lower cost, whilst facing a major challenge with the compromised cycle life and thermal robustness. It is well recognized that irreversible oxygen evolution at the cathode‐electrolyte interphase is critical to the electrochemical and thermal stability of the Ni‐rich cathode. Herein, combining experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the authors focus on manipulating the irreversible oxygen evolution to solve the performance degradation and safety hazard. An oxygen ion conductor introduced to the surface of the cathode restrains the activated surficial lattice oxygen ions by its stable oxygen vacancies. Meanwhile, a Li‐rich fast ion conductor incorporated in the coating layer synergistically reinforces the Li diffusion path through the cathode‐electrolyte interphase. This sophisticated multifunctional surficial modification implemented by a neat one‐step treatment represents a successful design and development of a thermally stable Ni‐rich cathode and approximately 400‐cycle state‐of‐health up to 80% with the operating voltage range extended up to 4.5 V. Therefore, this study provides an encouraging strategy to overcome the capacity versus robustness dilemma of high‐energy cathodes.
Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Anodes Via Solid Electrolyte Interphase Engineering With a Covalent Organic Framework Separator
Authors: Kang Tianxing , Sun Chenhao , Li Yang , Song Tianyi , Guan Zhiqiang , Tong Zhongqiu , Nan Junmin , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) play a crucial role in keeping sodium metal anodes (SMAs) intact and improving battery life. However, the SEIs arising from irreversible reactions between metallic Na and electrolytes fail to suppress Na dendrite growth and have sluggish Na+ kinetics. Herein, a functionalized separator modified by a sp2 carbon conjugated‐covalent organic framework (sp2c‐COF) is proposed to induce a robust SEI. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the SEI is rich in NaF because the structure of NaPF6 is unstable due to influences from the COF separator. In situ observations show that the Na dendrite is effectively suppressed even at a high current density of 20 mA cm−2. Satisfactorily, the COF separator exhibits a high transference number of 0.78, achieving a fast Na plating/stripping process. Based on these superiorities, a symmetric cell Na|COF|Na shows stable cycling for over 1500 h at 20 mA cm−2. In addition, full cells Na|COF|NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTPO) present good rate performance (30 and 50 C) and excellent cycling stability over 5000 cycles at 5 and 10 C. The application of COFs to improve SMAs in this work demonstrates a new strategy for improving sodium metal batteries.