bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatments with the specific δ‐secretase inhibitor, compound 11, promote the regeneration of motor and sensory axons after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Isaacson Robin H. , Carrasco Dario I. , Holliday Hannah , Kang Seong Su , Khan Samia , Kim David , Liu Xia , Ye Keqiang , English Arthur W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLimited axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury may be related to activation of the lysosomal protease, asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP, δ‐secretase) and its degradation of the microtubule associated protein, Tau. Activity of AEP was increased at the site of sciatic nerve transection and repair but blocked in mice treated systemically with a specific AEP inhibitor, compound 11 (CP11). Treatments with CP11 enhanced axon regeneration in vivo. Amplitudes of compound muscle action potentials recorded 4 weeks after nerve transection and repair and 2 weeks after daily treatments with CP11 were double those of vehicle‐treated mice. At that time after injury, axons of significantly more motor and sensory neurons had regenerated successfully and reinnervated the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles in CP11‐treated mice than vehicle‐treated controls. In cultured adult dorsal root ganglion neurons derived from wild type mice that were treated in vitro for 24 h with CP11, neurites were nearly 50% longer than in vehicle‐treated controls and similar to neurite lengths in cultures treated with the TrkB agonist, 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone (7,8‐DHF). Combined treatment with CP11 and 7,8‐DHF did not enhance outgrowth more than treatments with either one alone. Enhanced neurite outgrowth produced by CP11 was found also in the presence of the TrkB inhibitor, ANA‐12, indicating that the enhancement was independent of TrkB signalling. Longer neurites were found after CP11 treatment in both TrkB+ and TrkB− neurons. Delta secretase inhibition by CP11 is a treatment for peripheral nerve injury with great potential.
Carbon‐based pelleting, soil ripping and herbicide application can be used to overcome plant recruitment barriers in Grey Stinkwood (Jacksonia furcellata)
Authors: Brown Vanessa S. , Erickson Todd E. , Hobbs Richard J. , Mastrantonis Stanley , Ritchie Alison L. 
Published: August 2023

SummarySeed‐based restoration efforts frequently experience limited success due to competition from invasive plant species and poor soil conditions. We aimed to alleviate these plant recruitment barriers through a combination of carbon‐based seed enhancement technologies and commonly applied restoration management practices. Compared to non‐pelleted (control) seeds, we tested seven seed enhancement technologies on Grey Stinkwood (Jacksonia furcellata), a perennial shrub common within the Banksia Woodlands of Western Australia, which included extruded pellets, coating and coins (a novel extrusion method), incorporated with activated carbon or biochar. We tested five management practices including combinations of herbicide and soil ripping at two locations (post‐sand mine and Post‐pine plantation). At the Post‐pine site, coins incorporating biochar had the highest overall mean emergence (53%), and at the Post‐mine site, extruded pellets containing activated carbon had the highest mean emergence (58%). In comparison, emergence was significantly lower from the non‐pelleted seeds (44% and 45% respectively). Survival at the Post‐mine site was also higher from biochar coins (31%) compared to the non‐pelleted seeds (22%), and highest in plots with herbicide application followed by soil ripping (36%), compared to the control, in which no management practice was applied (16%). At the Post‐pine site, survival was poor (<10%), and seed treatment and management practice did not significantly affect seedling survival. Using carbon‐based seed treatments and management practices, such as herbicide application followed by soil ripping, may help to overcome seedling emergence bottlenecks in direct seeding programmes. However, further examination into seedling survival is required, particularly within highly degraded settings, before seed enhancement technologies are used in large‐scale seeding programmes.
History, Rest and Exercise Score (HRE‐S) for assessment of disease severity in horses with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking
Authors: Kloock Tanja , Pickles Kirstie J. , Roberts Veronica , Uhlendorf Frauke , Twele Lara , Wilkens Henriette L. , Stehle Eva , Feige Karsten , Niebuhr Tobias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn horses with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking (TMHS), clinical signs are likely to be expression of neuropathic facial pain. Currently, subjective assessment of disease severity is used as measure of compromise of animal's welfare.ObjectivesTo develop and validate a precise scoring system for TMHS: History, Rest and Exercise Score (HRE‐S). The HRE‐S consists of three subscores: history score (H‐S), resting score (R‐S) and exercise score (E‐S).Study designRetrospective observational study.MethodsSeven masked observers with different experience used HRE‐S to score 40 video recordings taken during rest and lungeing including five duplicates. Video recordings were taken from nine horses with TMHS and three controls. Inter‐ and intraobserver reliability and practicability of HRE‐S were assessed. For every video recording severity of clinical signs was graded by every observer using an intuitive global‐type‐scale and interobserver reliability was calculated. Convergent validity was evaluated comparing HRE‐S to groups created by an existing score (grade 0–3). Discriminant validity was analysed comparing HRE‐S to groups created by intuitive global‐type‐scale.ResultsReliability for HRE‐S was excellent, irrespective of observers experience: Spearman's Rho = 0.946, p < 0.001 (intraobserver reliability) and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98, p < 0.001 (interobserver reliability). Interobserver reliability for intuitive global‐type‐scale was fair to substantial: Fleiss' κappa = 0.48 (R‐S) −0.63 (E‐S). Groups created by intuitive global‐type‐scale had significantly different R‐S and E‐S (p < 0.05), demonstrating discriminant validity. Convergent validity was proven as horses with grade 3/3 had significantly higher average E‐S and total scores compared with an existing score than those with grade 0/3 or 1/3 (p < 0.001).Main limitationsRetrospective nature, video recordings, sample size.ConclusionsHRE‐S is a valid and reliable score evaluating disease severity in TMHS, independent of observers' experience.
Pose recognition of dancing images using fuzzy deep learning technique in an IoT environment
Authors: Zheng Dongxia , Yuan Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the development of smart technologies (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Big Data), people have start using them for various purposes. The real‐time IoT devices generate an enormous amount of video and imaging data, leading to the concept of complex data structure. And people face major challenges in mining and extraction of useful features and information from such data. How to efficiently analyse and process video data to obtain valuable information has become a key research topic. The traditional manual annotation methods are unable to meet the current demand for the growing number of videos. Therefore, a more convenient method for processing video data needs to be developed. The research objective of this paper is dance videos, and the goal is to realize automatic recognition of dance movements. In this paper, a Dual Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm (DCNNA) is proposed for the automatic recognition of different dance movements in live and remote videos. DCNNA can extract video information more comprehensively and efficiently. It can simultaneously extract the light flow features corresponding to the action changes and the information contained in each frame of the video. Therefore, the dance movements can be more accurately identified. In the experiments, the performance of DCNNA is evaluated based on dance videos and compared with Inception V3 and 3D‐CNN. All the experiments illustrate the superior performance of the proposed DCNN algorithm. From the experimental results, it is quite obvious that the F1 score of the proposed DCNNA is 11% and 6% higher than that of the Inception V3 and 3D‐CNN, respectively.
Human neutrophil elastase inhibitors: Classification, biological‐synthetic sources and their relevance in related diseases
Authors: Ocampo‐Gallego Jhonnatan Styver , Pedroza‐Escobar David , Caicedo‐Ortega Ana Ruth , Berumen‐Murra María Teresa , Novelo‐Aguirre Ana Lucía , de Sotelo‐León Rebeca Denis , Delgadillo‐Guzmán Dealmy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman neutrophil elastase is a multifunctional protease enzyme whose function is to break the bonds of proteins and degrade them to polypeptides or amino acids. In addition, it plays an essential role in the immune mechanism against bacterial infections and represents a key mediator in tissue remodeling and inflammation. However, when the extracellular release of this enzyme is dysregulated in response to low levels of its physiological inhibitors, it ultimately leads to the degradation of proteins, in particular elastin, as well as other components of the extracellular matrix, producing injury to epithelial cells, which can promote sustained inflammation and affect the innate immune system, and, therefore, be the basis for the development of severe inflammatory diseases, especially those associated with the cardiopulmonary system.ObjectiveThis review aims to provide an update on the elastase inhibitory properties of several molecules, either synthetic or biological sources, as well as their classification and relevance in related pathologies since a clear understanding of the function of these molecules with the inhibitory capacity of this protease can provide valuable information for the development of pharmacological therapies that manage to modify the prognosis and survival of various inflammatory diseases.MethodsCollected data from scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Nature, Wiley, Scopus, and Scielo. Articles published in any country and language were included.ResultsWe reviewed and included 132 articles conceptualizing neutrophil elastase activity and known inhibitors.ConclusionUnderstanding the mechanism of action of elastase inhibitors based on particular aspects such as their kinetic behavior, structure–function relationship, chemical properties, origin, pharmacodynamics, and experimental progress has allowed for a broad classification of HNE inhibitors.
The recovery of crustacean zooplankton from acidification depends on lake type
Authors: Pilotto Francesca , Walseng Bjørn , Jensen Thomas C. , Schartau Ann Kristin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcidification has harmed freshwater ecosystems in Northern Europe since the early 1900s. Stricter regulations aimed at decreasing acidic emissions have improved surface‐water chemistry since the late 1980s but the recovery of biotic communities has not been consistent. Generally, the recovery of flora and fauna has been documented only for a few lakes or regions and large‐scale assessments of long‐term dynamics of biotic communities due to improved water quality are still lacking. This study investigates a large biomonitoring dataset of pelagic and littoral crustacean zooplankton (Cladocera and Copepoda) from 142 acid‐sensitive lakes in Norway spanning 24 years (1997–2020). The aims were to assess the changes in zooplankton communities through time, compare patterns of changes across lake types (defined based on calcium and humic content), and identify correlations between abiotic and biological variables. Our results indicate chemical and biological recovery after acidification, as shown by a general increase in pH, acid neutralizing capacity, changes in community composition and increases in the total number of species, number of acid‐sensitive species and functional richness through time. However, the zooplankton responses differ across lake types. This indicates that the concentration of calcium (or alkalinity) and total organic carbon (or humic substances) are important factors for the recovery. Therefore, assessment methods and management tools should be adapted to the diverse lake types. Long‐term monitoring of freshwater ecosystems is needed to fully comprehend the recovery dynamics of biotic communities from acidification.
THE LATE ARRIVAL OF ‘DER DEUTSCHE PROUST’: TRANSLATING A LA RECHERCHE DU TEMPS PERDU INTO GERMAN
Authors: Ellison Ian 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTMarcel Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu, an unparalleled chronicle of European modernity's transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, was published between 1913 and 1927. It was not until the 1950s, however, that a complete German translation of the novel appeared. Earlier attempts did not get far: Rudolph Schottlaender's 1925 translation of the first volume was critically panned, and the subsequent translation of the next two volumes by Walter Benjamin and Franz Hessel was unfortunately curtailed by the rise of Nazism and these writers’ untimely deaths. A full rendering into German of Proust's magnum opus was only completed between 1953 and 1957 by Eva Rechel‐Mertens. Reconstructing the upheavals of the translation history of Proust's Recherche into German, this article also draws on archival research into Rechel‐Mertens’ literary estate, held at the Deutsches Literaturarchiv, to ask to what extent it was already too late for a German readership to be introduced to a German Proust, as Peter Suhrkamp once wrote to Rechel‐Mertens. Examining behind‐the‐scenes correspondence between publishers, translators and critics, this essay investigates the seemingly random and turbulent history of the late emergence of a ‘deutscher Proust’ and the implications of this for modern German – and, indeed, European – literature.
A Monte‐Carlo Chemical Budget Approach to Assess Ambient Groundwater Flow in Bedrock Open Boreholes
Authors: Harte Philip T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn low‐permeability rocks, ambient groundwater flow in open boreholes may go undetected using conventional borehole‐flowmeter tools and alternative approaches may be needed to identify flow. Understanding ambient flow in open boreholes is important for tracking of cross contamination in groundwater. Chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations from three open boreholes set in a crystalline‐rock aquifer (two of three open boreholes) and a siltstone aquifer (one of three open boreholes) were examined using a new approach and associated software program called the AFCE (Aqueous‐Flow‐Concentration‐Estimator). The program allows comparison of coupled chemical datasets through a Monte‐Carlo simulation and a chemical‐budget approach to assess ambient groundwater flow in open boreholes. The coupled datasets required for the comparison include aqueous CVOC concentrations from groundwater samples from (1) discrete fractures, such as those measured from temporary deployment of straddle‐borehole packer assemblies; and (2) the concentration of the open borehole (wellbore) water, as measured by a vertical profile of passive samplers from within the same open borehole. Because results from the passive samplers represent a composite mixture of the results from the discrete samples under ambient groundwater‐flow conditions, potentially at unknown proportions, the comparison between coupled datasets affords the ability to discern likely water contributions of CVOC from discrete fractures (or fracture zones), and which fractures may be dominating the water chemistry of the open borehole.
What is higher education to contemporary students in Germany?
Authors: Schäfer Gregor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose, aim and goals of higher education itself have been discussed and researched in the context of massified and marketised higher education in Germany, with a focus mainly on higher education national policies or the view of faculty staff. By shifting the perspective instead to the students, this article asks what higher education means to them nowadays. This study is based on 95 interviews with German graduate students from three disciplines (i.e. business administration/management, medicine and musicology) and it offers a typology of what students understand as the purpose of higher education. Six types were reconstructed from the empirical material, along three main lines of higher education's purpose (i.e. occupational, personal and societal). This paper also shows how the chosen discipline becomes more salient for the student's perception of higher education purpose than their social background. This questions previous research that found strong ties between instrumentalism and social background in higher education. This paper also demonstrates that social differences do matter in their egalitarian or elitist variation of understanding within non‐instrumentalist types. Overall, this study illustrates how heterogenous contemporary higher education purpose has become, which mirrors a further general differentiation in higher education.
Efficacy of γ‐linolenic acid, Vitis vinifera extract, and acetyl‐L‐carnitine combination therapy for improving arterial stiffness in Korean adults: Real‐world evidence
Authors: Ahn Hyo‐Suk , Cho Eun Young , Yum Keun‐Sang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis is associated with various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Measurement of arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV) enables assessment of atherosclerosis progression in individuals. The authors screened patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis, based on the PWV findings, to evaluate appropriate early interventions and assess the efficacy of γ‐linolenic acid, Vitis vinifera extract, and acetyl‐L‐carnitine triple combination therapy in atherosclerosis prevention. This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of adult patients between March 2007 and April 2019, with presenting complaints of fatigue and lethargy. Among patients with vascular stiffness beyond their biological age on brachial‐ankle PWV (baPWV) testing, those with ≥80% compliance for three drugs were allocated to the experimental group. Those with compliance of <80% for any one drug were allocated to the control group to assess changes in arterial stiffness, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid level, and blood pressure (BP). After 1 year of triple‐combination therapy, there were significant decreases in right and left baPWV (1537.16 ± 274.84 and 1519.00 ± 289.32 cm/s, respectively) as compared to baseline (1633.15 ± 271. 20 and 1598.64 ± 267.95 cm/s, respectively; p < .001). There was no difference in baPWV between sexes. Moreover, neither group showed significant changes in FPG and lipid levels. When triple‐combination therapy combining γ‐linolenic acid, V. vinifera extract, and acetyl‐L‐carnitine was administered to patients with high arterial stiffness relative to their age, as assessed by baPWV, the experimental group showed a decrease in arterial stiffness in both sexes.
The rejuvenating influence of young plasma on aged intestine
Authors: Ceylani Taha , Teker Hikmet Taner , Keskin Seda , Samgane Gizem , Acikgoz Eda , Gurbanov Rafig 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of plasma exchange on the biomolecular profiles and histology of ileum and colon tissues in young and aged Sprague–Dawley male rats. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine (SVM) techniques were employed to analyse the lipid, protein, and nucleic acid indices in young and aged rats. Following the application of young plasma, aged rats demonstrated biomolecular profiles similar to those of their younger counterparts. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments showed that young plasma had a protective effect on the intestinal tissues of aged rats, increasing cell density and reducing inflammation. Additionally, the expression levels of key inflammatory mediators tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and cyclooxygenase‐2 significantly decreased after young plasma administration. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of young plasma for mitigating age‐related changes and inflammation in the intestinal tract. They highlight the critical role of plasma composition in the ageing process and suggest the need for further research to explore how different regions of the intestines respond to plasma exchange. Such understanding could facilitate the development of innovative therapies targeting the gastrointestinal system, enhancing overall health during ageing.
Glycated hemoglobin variability and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post‐hoc analysis of a prospective and multicenter study
Authors: Manosroi Worapaka , Phimphilai Mattabhorn , Waisayanand Nipawan , Buranapin Supawan , Deerochanawong Chaicharn , Gunaparn Siriluck , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Wongcharoen Wanwarang ,   for the CORE‐Thailand investigators
Published: August 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionHigh glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) variability has been reported to be linked with cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes patients. Only a few studies have been carried out on Asian patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in Asian patients by performing a post‐hoc analysis of a multicenter, prospective, observational study.Materials and methodsData for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes patients were retrieved from a multicenter national registry entitled “CORE‐Thailand study.” The primary outcome was 4P‐MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events, including non‐fatal myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization, non‐fatal stroke and all‐cause death). Patients were stratified according to quartiles of HbA1c standard deviation. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the association of HbA1c variability with incident cardiovascular disease.ResultsA total of 3,811 patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes were included. The median follow‐up duration was 54 months. In the fully adjusted model, the highest quartile of HbA1c variability showed a statistically significant association with 4P‐MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77–4.35), fatal and non‐fatal myocardial infarction (HR 6.91, 95% CI 1.90–25.12), hospitalization for heart failure (HR 3.34, 95% CI 1.20–9.26) and all‐cause death (HR 3.10, 95% CI 1.72–5.57). All these outcomes were statistically significantly different among four quartiles of HbA1c (log‐rank P‐value <0.05). Fatal and non‐fatal stroke showed no statistically significant association with high HbA1c variability.ConclusionHigh HbA1c variability in the highest quartile showed a statistically significant association with multiple adverse cardiovascular events in an Asian population. Minimizing HbA1c fluctuation during long‐term follow up should be another important objective for type 2 diabetes patients.