bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of blood lactate elevation following esophagectomy and its association to postoperative complications
Authors: Linde Henrik , Bartusevicius Vilhelmas , Norberg Åke , Klevebro Fredrik , Grip Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEsophagectomy is a major surgical intervention and a cornerstone in the treatment of esophageal cancer. There is clinical experience that blood lactate concentration often is elevated in the period following esophagectomy, but the incidence and clinical consequences are sparsely studied.MethodsWe extracted data from all patients undergoing esophagectomy at Karolinska University Hospital 2016–2018, n = 153. Most were performed with minimally invasive technique, n = 130. Blood lactate values directly after surgery, highest value during the first night, and morning level on postoperative day one were recorded. Primary outcome was hospital length of stay and secondary outcome was a composite of postoperative infection, additional surgery, or intensive care during the hospital stay. Development of anastomotic leak was analyzed separately.ResultsPostoperative hyperlactatemia was common as 93% of patients had peak lactate concentration >1.6 mmol/L and 27% >3.5 mmol/L in the first night following operation. Median hospital length of stay was 14 days. Blood lactate showed a weak correlation to hospital stay and intensive care the morning following surgery, but not at arrival to postoperative ward. There were no statistical differences between those with and without anastomotic leak at any of the time points. Elevated lactate in the first 12–16 h postoperatively was related to surgical factors (open technique, surgery time, and perioperative bleeding) but not to patient related factors (ASA‐class, Charlson comorbidity index, sex, age) or cumulative fluid balance.ConclusionIn conclusion, elevated blood lactate in the immediate time following esophagectomy showed a weak association to intensive care and length of stay but not anastomotic leak.
Impact of product market competition on real activity manipulation: Moderating role of managerial ability
Authors: Biswas Pallab Kumar , Ranasinghe Dinithi , Tan Eric K. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, we examine whether managerial ability moderates the association between product market competition and real earnings management. Prior literature largely supports the disciplinary effect of competition, suggesting that competition reduces real activity manipulation. We argue that this association is different depending on the level of managerial ability. Based on the reputation hypothesis, we argue that able managers negatively moderate the association between competition and real activity manipulation. Using a sample of US listed companies from 1997 to 2016, we find evidence to support our moderating assertion. A battery of robustness tests validates our original findings.
Aging and labor share of income in Korea
Authors: Park Donghyun , Shin Kwanho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA growing body of evidence points to a decline in the labor share of income. A sizable empirical literature delves into the relationship between technological progress, globalization, and market concentration and labor's declining income share, which can exacerbate income inequality. Population aging has often been put forth as a factor that worsens income inequality. However, few studies have empirically examined the nexus between aging and the labor share, a potentially significant driver of inequality. In this study, we use industry‐level data to investigate the nexus in Korea, a rapidly aging country where inequality has emerged as a big social and economic issue. We find a positive and significant association between aging and labor share. Hence, at least in Korea, we do not find that aging exacerbates income inequality by reducing labor's income share. In addition, our evidence suggests that labor share has a negative link with both information and communication technology capital and robots.
Effects of rifampicin on porphyrin metabolism in healthy volunteers
Authors: Tolonen Hanna , Ranta Sirpa , Hämäläinen Esa , Kauppinen Raili , Hukkanen Janne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPregnane X receptor (PXR) is known to stimulate haem synthesis, but detailed knowledge on the effects of PXR activation on porphyrin metabolism in humans is lacking. We utilized a randomized, crossover, open (blinded laboratory) and placebo‐controlled trial with 600‐mg rifampicin or placebo dosed for a week to investigate the effects of PXR activation on erythrocyte, plasma, faecal and urine porphyrins. Sixteen healthy volunteers participated on the trial, but the number of volunteers for blood and urine porphyrin analyses was 15 while the number of samples for faecal analyses was 14. Rifampicin increased urine pentaporphyrin concentration 3.7‐fold (mean 1.80 ± 0.6 vs. 6.73 ± 4.4 nmol/L, p = 0.003) in comparison with placebo. Urine coproporphyrin I increased 23% (p = 0.036). Faecal protoporphyrin IX decreased (mean 31.6 ± 23.5 vs. 19.2 ± 27.8 nmol/g, p = 0.023). The number of blood erythrocytes was slightly elevated, and plasma bilirubin, catabolic metabolite of haem, was decreased. In conclusion, rifampicin dosing elevated the excretion of certain urinary porphyrin metabolites and decreased faecal protoporphyrin IX excretion. As urine pentaporphyrin and coproporphyrin I are not precursors in haem biosynthesis, increased excretion may serve as a hepatoprotective shunt when haem synthesis or porphyrin levels are increased.
Efficacy of prophylactic pre‐operative desmopressin administration during functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Alrajhi Abdullah Abdulaziz , Alghamdi Abdullah Shakhs , Baali Mohammed Hassan , Altowairqi Abdulaziz Fahad , Khan Meshal Fahad , Alharthi Ahmad Saad , Albazee Ebraheem , Abu‐Zaid Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the efficacy of prophylactic desmopressin versus placebo among patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).SettingThe Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened from inception until 18 March 2022.ParticipantsPatients undergoing FESS.Main outcome measuresPrimary efficacy endpoints comprised intraoperative blood loss, visual clarity, and operation time. Secondary endpoints comprised side effects. The efficacy endpoints were summarised as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsFive RCTs comprising 380 patients (desmopressin = 191 patients and placebo = 189 patients) were included. Collectively, the included RCTs had an overall low risk of bias. The pooled results showed that the mean intraoperative blood loss (n = 5 RCTs, MD = –37.97 ml, 95% CI [−56.97, −18.96], p < .001), 5‐point Boezaart scores (n = 2 RCTs, MD = –.97, 95% CI [−1.21, −.74], p < .001), and 10‐point Boezaart scores (n = 2 RCTs, MD = −3.00, 95% CI [−3.61, −2.40], p < .001) were significantly reduced in favour of the desmopressin group compared with the placebo group. Operation time did not significantly differ between both groups (n = 5 RCTs, MD = –3.73 min, 95% CI [−14.65, 7.18], p = .50). No patient in both groups developed symptomatic hyponatremia (n = 3 RCTs, 194 patients) or thromboembolic events (n = 2 RCTs, 150 patients).ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing FESS, prophylactic administration of desmopressin does not correlate with significant clinical benefits. Data on safety is limited. Future research may explore the synergistic antihaemorrhagic efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) plus desmopressin versus TXA alone among patients undergoing FESS.
Comparison of transnasal esophagoscopy and sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the assessment of laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Horvath Lukas , Fostiropoulos Karolos , Burri Emanuel , Kraft Marcel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTransnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) in the awake patient and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in sedation are both used in the assessment of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). The objective of this study was to compare these two endoscopic methods in contributing to the diagnosis of LPR.MethodsThis study included 54 patients presenting with signs and symptoms suspicious for LPR, which were examined both by TNE and EGD. The contribution of each method to the diagnosis of LPR was evaluated separately and then compared with each other.ResultsIn detecting LPR, TNE showed a significant higher sensitivity (94% vs. 60%) and accuracy (93% vs. 59%) than EGD, but their specificity was equal (50% each). The most common pathologic findings in both methods were a hiatal hernia (70% vs. 48%) and gaping cardia (69% vs. 24%), followed by peptic esophagitis (41% vs. 24%).ConclusionThe value of EGD is limited in the workup of LPR, as sedation tends to mask the subtle findings in this kind of reflux disease.
Anterior spinal hardware erosion of the pharyngoesophagus: A difficult reconstructive challenge—Our experience in nine patients
Authors: Peddireddy Nithin S. , Yalamanchi Pratyusha , Kashlan Osama , Park Paul , Reddy Rishindra M. , Chinn Steven B. , Casper Keith A. , Malloy Kelly M. , Stucken Chaz L. , Prince Mark E. P. , Rosko Andrew J. , Spector Matthew E. 
Published: December 2022

Key Points
Pharyngoesophageal perforation secondary to anterior spinal hardware erosion is a difficult dilemma with many reconstructive options available.
Multidisciplinary approach with thoracic surgery and neurosurgery is critical and can lead to excellent post‐operative swallowing outcomes.
Patients who have a history of radiation to the head and neck benefit from the use of tissue flaps.
Culture‐directed antibiotic use is important to ensure surgical healing and given the risk of salivary fistula.
After reconstruction, there may be need for further, less invasive interventions such as diverticulectomy or oesophageal dilation.
Speaking of Kinds: How Correcting Generic Statements can Shape Children's Concepts
Authors: Foster‐Hanson Emily , Leslie Sarah‐Jane , Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGeneric language (e.g., “tigers have stripes”) leads children to assume that the referenced category (e.g.,tigers) is inductively informative and provides a causal explanation for the behavior of individual members. In two preregistered studies with 4‐ to 7‐year‐old children (N= 497), we considered the mechanisms underlying these effects by testing how correcting generics might affect the development of these beliefs about novel social and animal kinds (Study 1) and about gender (Study 2). Correcting generics by narrowing their scope to a single individual limited beliefs that the referenced categories could explain what their members would be like while broadening the scope to a superordinate category (Study 2) uniquely limited endorsement of gender norms. Across both studies, correcting generics didnotalter beliefs about feature heritability and had mixed effects on inductive inferences, suggesting that additional mechanisms (e.g., causal reasoning about shared features) contribute to the development of full‐blown essentialist beliefs. These results help illuminate the mechanisms by which generics lead children to view categories as having rich inductive and causal potential; in particular, they suggest that children interpret generics as signals that speakers in their community view the referenced categories as meaningful kinds that support generalization. The findings also point the way to concrete suggestions for how adults can effectively correct problematic generics (e.g., gender stereotypes) that children may hear in daily life.
Investigation of the size of the fracture process zone and the cleavage stress in cracked steel parts
Authors: Sokolov Sergej , Tulin Daniil , Vasiliev Ivan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study is devoted to the development of methods for predicting the brittle fracture of a steel part with a crack. To describe the limit state of the fracture process zone, a mathematical model of the fracture process zone in an elastic–plastic stress state and the generalized brittle fracture theory have been used. The cleavage stress and the size of the fracture process zone are used as parameters for the fracture toughness of the material. A finite element analysis approach was developed to determine these parameters by considering the elastic–plastic stress state of cracked specimens. An analytical procedure for calculating the above parameters for low‐carbon and low‐alloy steels is given. The proposed models allow the analytical calculation of critical values of the stress intensity factor for specimens with cracks at negative temperatures. The development of this study is linked to the improvement of the technology for determining the physical strength criteria of materials. The application of the proposed models makes it possible to create a methodology for predicting crack resistance of welded structures of arctic design considering their geometry and structural and technological characteristics.
Expert searchers identified time, team, technology and tension as challenges when carrying out supplementary searches for systematic reviews: A thematic network analysis
Authors: Briscoe Simon , Abbott Rebecca , Melendez‐Torres G. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystematic reviews require detailed planning of complex processes which can present logistical challenges. Understanding these logistical challenges can help with planning and execution of tasksObjectivesTo describe the perspectives of expert searchers on the main logistical challenges when carrying out supplementary searches for systematic reviews, in particular, forward citation searching and web searching.MethodsQualitative interviews were undertaken with 15 experts on searching for studies for systematic reviews (e.g. information specialists) working in health and social care research settings. Interviews were undertaken by video‐call between September 2020 and June 2021. Data analysis used thematic network analysis.ResultsWe identified three logistical challenges of using forward citation searching and web searching which were organised under the global theme of ‘tension’: time, team and technology. Several subthemes were identified which supported the organising themes, including allocating time, justifying time and keeping to time; reviewer expectations and contact with review teams; and access to resources and reference management.ConclusionForward citation searching and web searching are logistically challenging search methods for a systematic review. An understanding of these challenges should encourage expert searchers and review teams to maintain open channels of communication, which should also facilitate improved working relationships.
The role of system‐use practices for sustaining motivation in crowdsourcing: A technology‐in‐practice perspective
Authors: Alam Sultana Lubna , Sun Ruonan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe success of crowdsourcing (CS) systems depends on sustained participation, which is an ongoing challenge for the majority of CS providers. Unfortunately, participants are frequently demotivated by technical difficulties and the incorrect use of CS systems, which can result in CS failure. Although the literature generally assumes that sustained participation in CS is determined by a shift between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the role of system‐use practices in facilitating such a shift remains unknown. We explore how CS system‐use practices influence participants' sustained motivation, evolving from initiation to progression to sustention. Using the notion of technology‐in‐practice as a lens, we develop and examine a process model using an in‐depth case study of a large‐scale ongoing CS project, the Australian Newspaper Digitisation Program. The findings suggest that CS participants' motivation is shaped by an evolving combination of three basic components (i.e., contextual condition, outcome and action intensity) and mediated by two types of system‐use practice (i.e., passive and active). Passive‐use practices facilitate sustaining motivation from initiation to progression, whereas active‐use practices have a key role in sustention. Our study contributes to the emerging literature on the substantial role of system‐use practices in sustaining motivation, resulting in sustained participation. The findings also offer actionable insights into improving the viability of CS systems in retaining and motivating continuous and increased contributions from participants.
Lipid‐lowering treatment among older patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Nanna Michael G. , Nelson Adam J. , Haynes Kevin , Shambhu Sonali , Eapen Zubin , Cziraky Mark J. , Calvert Sara B. , Pagidipati Neha J. , Granger Christopher B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe contemporary uptake of lipid‐lowering therapies (LLT), including more intensive treatment with high‐intensity statins and non‐statin LLT, among U.S. older adults (≥75 years old) with ASCVD is unknown.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective cohort study of a large geographically diverse sample of commercially insured U.S. older adults with ASCVD, we assessed treatment with LLT. Secondary measures included LDL‐C above target ≥70 mg/dl, persistence and adherence to therapy.ResultsTreatment with statins, high‐intensity statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors was assessed in 194,503 older adults (49.9% female) with known ASCVD on January 31st, 2019. 49.3% of older adults with ASCVD were on any statin, with 16.6% receiving a high‐intensity statin and 32.7% on low‐or moderate‐intensity statins. Treatment with ezetimibe (2.4%) or PCSK9 inhibitors (0.24%) was rare and 62.6% of the overall cohort had an LDL‐C above target at ≥70 mg/dl. Patients on high‐intensity statins were more frequently male, had a diagnosis of coronary artery disease, and were more frequently seen by a cardiologist compared with those on low‐or moderate‐intensity statins and untreated individuals (p < 0.0001). The majority of older adults on high‐intensity statins remained on therapy at 12 months (91.9%) and 85.7% had ≥75% adherence to treatment.ConclusionsLess than half of eligible older adults with ASCVD are on statins and only a minority of patients are receiving more intensive lipid‐lowering to improve outcomes.
Intersections of ageism toward older adults and other isms during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ramirez Luisa , Monahan Caitlin , Palacios‐Espinosa Ximena , Levy Sheri R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a significant global issue that has exacerbated pre‐existing structural and social inequalities. There are concerns that ageism toward older adults has intensified in conjunction with elevated forms of other “isms” such as ableism, classism, heterosexism, racism, and sexism. This study offers a systematic review (PRISMA) of ageism toward older adults interacting with other isms during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Articles were searched in 10 databases resulting in 354 ageism studies published between 2019 and August 2022 in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish. Only 32 articles met eligibility criteria (ageism together with other ism(s); focus on the COVID‐19 pandemic); which were mostly review papers (n = 25) with few empirical papers (n = 7), reflecting almost all qualitative designs (n = 6). Articles discussed ageism with racism (n = 15), classism (n = 11), ableism (n = 9), sexism (n = 7), and heterosexism (n = 2). Authors represented numerous disciplines (gerontology, medicine, nursing, psychology, social work, and sociology) and countries (n = 14) from several continents. Results from this study underscore that ageism intersects with other isms in profoundly negative ways and that the intersections of ageism and other isms are understudied, requiring more research and intervention efforts.
Understanding the ongoing learning needs of Australian paediatricians: Evaluation of a pilot paediatric video teaching programme
Authors: Le Marne Fleur A , Briggs Nancy , Frith Katie , Kariyawasam Didu , McCarthy Hugh J , Nunn Kenneth , Rao Arjun , Sachdev Rani , Sarkozy Vanessa , Teng Arthur , Trethewie Susan , Williams Gary D , Bye Ann ME 
Published: December 2022

AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pre‐recorded video‐based lectures (VBLs) covering a range of paediatric topics are an acceptable means of providing ongoing education for consultant and trainee paediatricians in Australia.MethodsPrevious participants (paediatric consultants and junior medical officers) of a neurology outreach teleconference programme offered by a paediatric neurologist between 2017 and 2020 were invited to participate in a multi‐specialty pre‐recorded video‐based education programme. Acceptability was explored by assessing relevance, likelihood of utilising VBL's in the future, uptake and learning activity preferences. The impact of VBLs on confidence, currency and practice was also explored. Additional data including topics of interest, preferred video format, duration, viewing method and frequency of delivery were captured, to better understand participant preferences to inform future efforts.ResultsA total of 135 consented; 116 returned baseline; 94 returned follow‐up surveys. Preferred learning activities included a live/interactive component. Videos were considered relevant. Preferences for pre‐recorded videos improved from ninth to sixth most preferred learning activity post‐intervention. VBL convenience and accessibility were valued. Practice was altered in: approach to management, use of treatments, confidence in decision‐making, and discussion with families and patients. The average view duration was 16 min. Longer videos yielded slightly lower audience retention rates. For future offerings, the majority endorsed a preference for a ‘mixed’ video format and duration of 20–40 min, offered monthly.ConclusionVideo‐based medical education is an appealing and sustainable alternative, given the convenience of unrestricted accessibility, in meeting ongoing learning needs of Australian paediatricians and trainees.
Job satisfaction and firm earnings—Evidence from matched survey and register data
Authors: Lydiksen Nis , Gotfredsen Andreas , Ladenburg Jacob , Stenbro Helle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between employee job satisfaction and firm performance in a sample of Danish private sector firms. The study relies on a representative survey merged with administrative data and accounting information for a sample of 1,929 Danish firms representing all economic sectors. The results of this study suggest that the average job satisfaction on the firm level positively affects the firms' pre‐tax earnings. The effect amounts to a 7.9% increase per point increase in job satisfaction when job satisfaction is measured on a scale from 0 to 10. Furthermore, the study finds that workers' satisfaction with achievements at the job and their satisfaction with management are specifically related to better performance.