bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the glacial meltwater contribution to mountainous streams using stable water isotopes: What are the opportunities and limitations?
Authors: Wanner Philipp , Zischg Andreas , Wanner Christoph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to determine the opportunities and limitations of using stable water isotopes to quantify the glacial meltwater contribution to mountainous streams. For this purpose, three partially glaciated catchments in the Swiss Alps were selected as the study area. In the three catchments, stable isotope analysis (δ18O and δ2H) was conducted of the streams and the end‐members that contribute to the stream discharge (glacial meltwater, rain, snow). The investigations revealed that the contribution of glacial meltwater to mountainous streams can be quantified using stable water isotopes if three criteria are met: (A) The snow meltwater contribution to mountainous streams must be negligible due to its highly variable stable isotope signature; (B) the groundwater input needs to be either insignificant during this snow‐free period or the groundwater residence time must be short such that groundwater contribution does not delay the end‐member signal arriving in the streams; and (C) the isotope signal of the glacial melt end‐member needs to be distinct from the other end‐members. One of the three investigated catchments fulfilled these criteria in August and September, and the glacial meltwater contribution to the mountainous streams could be estimated based on stable water isotopes. During this time period, the glacial meltwater contribution to the stream discharge corresponded to up to 85% ± 2% and to 28.7% ± 10% of the total annual discharge, respectively. This high glacial meltwater contribution demonstrates that the mountainous stream discharges in August and September will probably strongly decrease in the future due to global warming‐induced deglaciation. Overall, this study demonstrates that many hydrogeological conditions need to be met so that stable water isotopes can be used to quantify the glacial meltwater contribution to mountainous streams. This highlights the challenges when using stable water isotopes for hydrograph separation and serves as a guide for future stable water isotope studies in mountainous regions.
The consideration of cost in evaluations of moral praiseworthiness among Chinese children
Authors: Zhao Xin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChildren recognise the praiseworthiness of others' moral actions from quite a young age. The work we propose here focuses on whether and how children's judgements of moral praiseworthiness may be affected by cost incurred by the agents. Recent work has revealed developmental changes in how children consider physical and psychological costs in their judgements of moral praiseworthiness. However, this question has only been examined among US children, and little is known about how much the findings can be generalised across cultures. In this article, we examine the consideration of different types of costs (psychological, physical) in moral evaluation by children in China, and compare to the US data. We choose to study children in China not only because it is a non‐WEIRD culture, but also because recent work has suggested that there are cultural differences between the US and China in terms of how children conceptualise desire inhibition and self‐control. This research will have implications for research on children's moral cognition across cultures.
CANLay: A Network Virtualized Testbed for Vehicle Systems – Improving System Integration and Verification Efforts
Authors: Jepson Jake , Mukherjee Subhojeet , Span Martin , Daily Jeremy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntegration and Verification activities for cyber physical system networks is a complex task requiring multiple iterations of hardware and software configurations and topologies. Such testing is crucial for the system's functionality, safety, and security during operation. A proficient approach to swiftly generate various testing setups is to employ a software‐defined system, vehicle in this case, and encapsulate in‐vehicle networking messages in a switched packet network, like Ethernet. This paper introduces CANLay, the networking foundation of a software‐defined vehicle that serves as a virtualized test bed for in‐vehicle network examination. CANLay carries controller area network data and sensor signals originating from vehicle control units and simulator systems. It functions as a communication medium between a vehicle simulator and real‐world electronic control units situated on distinct network segments. CANLay's efficacy is demonstrated for heavy vehicle network performance testing in a versatile digital engineering environment, facilitating streamlined system integration and verification efforts.
Towards an approach to co‐execute system models at the enterprise level
Authors: Bankauskaite Jovita , Strolia Zilvinas , Morkevicius Aurelijus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndustry 4, the Internet of Things, and large‐scale system‐to‐system interactions are driving digital transformation in the industry. Model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) is one of the core paradigms behind this transformation. MBSE practices are widely applied to enterprise (including system of systems and mission) architectures, which become a crucial part of successful digital transformation. The core challenge today is not only how digital continuity can be maintained by connecting different layers of models (such as system models to system‐of‐systems models), but also how to perform detailed analysis and simulation at the enterprise level model. This paper studies Systems Modeling Language (SysML) as the standard language to model systems, Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) as the framework, Unified Architecture Framework Modeling Language (UAFML) as the language to model enterprise architectures, and proposes an approach for end‐to‐end co‐execution of the integrated enterprise model.
Applying MBSE in Space Based Systems Development
Authors: Madariaga Chris , Bashir Ahmad , Swickline Chris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA core challenge in modern systems engineering is executing the Digital Transformation to produce Digital Engineering (DE) products that meet traditional program needs. Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) focuses the formal application of models to support the systems engineering process, but is often difficult to apply in practice due to a lack of a well‐defined methodology. This paper first introduces an openly available MBSE methodology concentrating on a development process for system architecture models, a style guide defining how the process steps are executed, and a validation suite which serves as a tool to help execute development. Then, this paper describes the experience in applying this process to a DoD program developing a space‐based sensor system to a Critical Design Review (CDR) level of maturity. Real‐life successes and lessoned learned are described through model metric data pulled directly from the SysML development model. This paper concludes by identifying opportunities for future research/work from which to further build the DE/MBSE capabilities of the model.
Defining Collaborative Control Interactions Using Systems Theory
Authors: Kopeikin Andrew N. , Leveson Nancy G. , Neogi Natasha A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman teams collaborate by establishing roles, changing functional authorities, maintaining team cognition, coordinating, and mutually helping one another close control loops. These complex interactions are inspiring novel system concepts to improve human‐machine and multi‐machine collaboration. However, these new systems face engineering gaps in modeling, analysis, design, and assurance. As such, few have been fielded in safety‐critical domains like aerospace. To analyze safety, this paper introduces a system‐theoretic framework to describe interactions that are—or are planned to be—used in multi‐controller systems. It outlines a taxonomy of seven structural dimensions that influence controller interactions and nine dynamics observed in collaborative control that are defined using Systems Theory. An analyzed set of 101 controller interactions in aerospace systems demonstrates how to apply the framework and that designers are trying to create more sophisticated systems. This framework provides the foundation to extend system‐theoretic hazard analysis techniques to systematically find collaborative‐control causal factors.
Vaccination effects on reducing COVID‐19 complications in pregnancy: A large‐scale report from Iran
Authors: Changizi Nasrin , Eshrati Babak , Salehi Mohammadreza , Beheshtian Maryam , Hadipour Jahromy Leila , Emami Afshar Nehzat , Hejazi Saeideh , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh , Eslamian Laleh , Savaie Mohsen , Raeisi Alireza , Pooransari Parichehr 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination on preventing severe complications of COVID‐19 in pregnant women.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) during pregnancy and/or for up to 6 weeks postpartum between September 1, 2021, to January 30, 2022. The data was retrieved from a national database. The pregnant women were divided into two groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated. The proposed outcomes (the need for hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation and products of conception complications) were compared between the two groups.ResultsApproximately 90 000 pregnant women infected with COVID‐19 were included in the study. The data of the vaccinated (19 922) and unvaccinated (70 147) groups were analyzed and compared. Pregnant patients in the vaccinated group had a significantly lower rate of hospitalization (21.2% vs 29.4%) (odds ratio [OR], 0.648 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.625–0.673], P = 0.0001) and intensive care unit admission (3.7% vs 7.8%) (OR, 0.453 [95% CI, 0.382–0.535], P = 0.0001). The need for mechanical ventilation was also lower, although not statistically significant, in the vaccinated group than in the unvaccinated group (30 of 155 [19.4%] vs 418 of 1597 [26.2%]) (OR, 0.677 [95% CI, 0.448–1.024], P = 0.063). Cesarean section (54.3% vs 58.1%) (OR, 0.856 [95% CI, 0.751–0.977], P = 0.021) and stillbirth (0.4% vs 3.6%) (OR, 0.097 [95% CI, 0.026–0.252], P = 0.0001) were also significantly lower in the vaccinated patients. Most pregnant women in the vaccinated group (18 484–96.14%) received Sinopharm BIBP COVID‐19 inactivated vaccine. No significant differences were seen in the effect of different types of COVID‐19 vaccines on reducing COVID‐19 complications in infected pregnant patients.ConclusionMaternal COVID‐19 immunization is effective in reducing COVID‐19 complications in infected pregnant women.
Discrimination and school outcomes in first nation youth: The role of positive psychological characteristics
Authors: Schick Melissa R. , Todi Akshiti A. , Nalven Tessa , Spillane Nichea S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionPositive psychological characteristics have been found to be associated with discrimination and school outcomes separately; however, no work has examined these associations together or in North American Indigenous (NAI) populations. NAI adolescents experience high rates of racial discrimination. Because discrimination has a detrimental impact on academic outcomes it is critical to identify factors that could buffer this impact. The purpose of this study was to examine the indirect effect of racial discrimination on three distinct school outcomes (i.e., attitudes toward school, grades, and educational attainment goals) through the pathway of three positive psychological characteristics (i.e., satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, and self‐compassion).MethodsFirst Nation adolescents living on a rural reserve in Eastern Canada (N = 106, Mage = 14.6 years, 50.0% female) completed a pencil‐and‐paper survey in Spring 2017 as part of a larger community‐based participatory research study.ResultsIn the model examining school attitudes, indirect effects through subjective happiness (b = −0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): [−0.53, −0.03]) and self‐compassion (b = −0.19, 95% CI: [−0.39, −0.04]), but not satisfaction with life, were significant. In the model examining grades, only the specific indirect effect through subjective happiness was significant (b = −0.27, 95% CI: [−0.59 −0.07]). Similarly, in the model examining school goals, only the indirect effect through subjective happiness was significant (b = −0.40, 95% CI: [−0.94, −0.08]). The direct effects of discrimination on school attitudes (b = 0.02, 95% CI: [−0.52, 0.56]), grades (b = 0.16, 95% CI: [−0.39, 0.71]), and school goals (b = −0.03, 95% CI: [−0.90, 0.84]) were not significant after controlling for positive psychological characteristics.DiscussionSchools should foster positive emotions to enhance academic outcomes, especially for NAI youth who are more likely to experience racial discrimination.
Investigation of TGF‐α‐overexpressing mouse hepatocytes (TAMH) cultured as spheroids for use in hepatotoxicity screening of drug candidates
Authors: Beirow Kristin , Schmidt Christian , Jürgen Britta , Schlüter Rabea , Schweder Thomas , Bednarski Patrick J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe immortalized mouse liver cell line TAMH has been described as a valuable tool for studying hepatotoxic mechanisms, but until now, it has only been reported to grow as a monolayer in culture. However, culturing hepatocytes as three‐dimensional (3D) spheroids has been shown to result in improved liver‐specific functions (e.g., metabolic capacity) by better mimicking the in vivo environment. This approach may lead to more reliable detection of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) in the early phase of drug discovery, preventing post‐marketing drug withdrawals. Here, we investigated the cultivation of TAMH as 3D spheroids, characterizing them with optical and transmission electron microscopy as well as analyzing their gene expression at mRNA level (especially drug‐metabolizing enzymes) compared to TAMH monolayer. In addition, comparisons were made with spheroids grown from the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, another current spheroid model. The results indicate that TAMH spheroids express hepatic structures and show elevated levels of some of the key phase I and II drug‐metabolizing enzymes, in contrast to TAMH monolayer. The in vitro hepatotoxic potencies of the drugs acetaminophen and flupirtine maleate were found to be very similar between TAMH spheroidal and the monolayer cultures. Both the advantages and disadvantages of TAMH spheroids as an in vitro hepatotoxicity model compared to monolayer model are discussed.
Therapeutic effects of low‐color‐temperature light‐emitting diodes on dry eye
Authors: Pang Yulian , Cao Ting , Hu Haijian , Peng Zhida , Xu Ke , Jiang Yi , Wang Feifei , Jin Ming , Zeng Ling , Zhang Xu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a new technology for treating dry eye diseases, phototherapy has attracted great attention, but the research on its safety and effectiveness is limited. In this study, the therapeutic effects of low‐color‐temperature light‐emitting diodes on dry eye in humans, rabbits, and rats were investigated.MethodsIn clinical experiments, subjects in both groups read the same paper for 3 h under light sources of two color temperatures: 1900 K (low‐color‐temperature light‐emitting diodes) or 4000 K (artificial fluorescent white light‐emitting diodes). The differences in the non‐invasive tear film breakup time, tear meniscus height, and conjunctival congestion scores before and after the experiment were compared between the two groups. In animal experiments, corneal epithelial barrier function and tear production of Sprague–Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits with dry eye were compared before and after low‐color‐temperature light‐emitting diodes treatment. TUNEL staining and Western blotting were used to detect the apoptosis of corneal and conjunctival cells and the expression of inflammatory factor IL‐1β.ResultsLow‐color‐temperature light‐emitting diodes prolonged tear film breakup time in patients with dry eye. Moreover, it increased tear secretion, decreased fluorescein sodium staining scores, corneal and conjunctival cell apoptosis, and inflammatory factor expression in rabbits and rats with dry eye.ConclusionsLow‐color‐temperature light‐emitting diodes phototherapy can be used as an effective treatment for dry eye, reducing its symptoms and related ocular surface damage in humans, rabbits, and rats.
Comparison of PLLA‐PEG and PDLLA‐PEG micelles for co‐encapsulation of docetaxel and resveratrol
Authors: Jurczyk Magdalena , Musiał‐Kulik Monika , Foryś Aleksander , Godzierz Marcin , Kaczmarczyk Bożena , Kasperczyk Janusz , Wrześniok Dorota , Beberok Artur , Jelonek Katarzyna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe interest in combining chemosensitizers with cytostatics in cancer therapy is growing, which causes also a need to develop their delivery systems. Example of the combination with beneficial therapeutic effects is docetaxel (Dtx) and resveratrol (Res). Although poly(lactide)‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA–PEG) micelles have been considered as one of the most promising platforms for drug delivery, their properties may depend on the stereoisomeric form of hydrophobic block. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of PLA block on co‐encapsulation and release rate of Dtx and Res, which has not been studied so far. This article presents a comparison of single‐ (Dtx or Res) and dual‐drug (Dtx and Res) loaded micelles obtained from poly(l,l‐lactide)‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLLA‐PEG) and poly(d,l‐lactide)‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PDLLA‐PEG). The analyzes of the micelles have been conducted including morphology, drug(s) encapsulation efficiency, intermolecular interactions, in vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity. Differences in drug loading ability and release profile have been observed between Res and Dtx but also depending on the polymer and number of drugs in micelles (single vs. dual loaded). The PLLA‐PEG micelles have a significantly higher Dtx encapsulation capacity than PDLLA‐PEG micelles. The highest cytotoxicity was shown for Dtx and Res dual‐loaded micelles, regardless of the polymer. The findings may be used for selection of PLA‐based drug delivery systems containing Dtx and Res.
Neophobia, but not perch hopping, is sensitive to long‐term chronic stress intensity
Authors: Beattie Ursula K. , Mikolajczak Lily , Fefferman Nina , Romero L. Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo further elucidate the role that wear‐and‐tear plays in the transition from acute to chronic stress, we manipulated the intensity and duration of applied chronic stress to determine if behavior would respond proportionately. We brought wild house sparrows into captivity and subjected them to high‐stress, medium‐stress, low‐stress, or captivity‐only. We varied the number of stressors per day and the duration of stress periods to vary wear‐and‐tear, and thus the potential to exhibit chronic stress symptoms. The behaviors we assessed were neophobia (the fear of the new; assessed via food approach latency) and perch hopping (activity). We predicted that our birds would show proportionate decreases in neophobia and activity throughout a long‐term chronic stress paradigm. Our results indicate that neophobia is sensitive to the intensity of chronic stress, however, the birds became more neophobic, which was the opposite of what we expected. Conversely, perch hopping did not differ across treatment groups and is thus not sensitive to the intensity of chronic stress. Together, these data show that different behavioral measurements are impacted differently by chronic stress.
Impact of volume and rate of milk delivery on coordination of respiration and swallowing in infant pigs
Authors: Gould Francois D. H. , Mayerl Christopher J. , Adjerid Khaled , Edmonds Chloe , Charles Nicole , Johnson Maxwell , German Rebecca Z. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe coordination of respiration and swallowing is a life‐critical function in infants. Varying volume and rate of milk delivery changes swallowing frequency and bolus volume but any impact on swallow‐respiration coordination is unknown. Five infant pigs were filmed with simultaneous high speed videofluoroscopy and plethysmography while feeding from an automatic system delivering milk across a range of volumes and frequencies. Swallow inspiration delay, respiratory cycle duration, and distribution of inspiratory and expiratory swallows were calculated. At constant volume, there were more inspiratory phase swallows when frequency increased. At high constant frequency, increasing volume changed swallow‐respiration coordination patterns, with increased occurrence of inspiratory phase swallows. Respiratory cycle duration did not change in response to changes in oral milk delivery. These results suggest that the observed pattern of expiratory swallowing in infants is achieved primarily by regulation of milk intake, not modulation of respiratory patterns by oral sensation.
Comparative study of dietary phenols with Tartary buckwheat protein (2S/13S): impact on structure, binding sites and functionality of protein
Authors: Li Dongze , Zhu Ling , Wu Qiming , Chen Yiling , Wu Gangcheng , Zhang Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis research was to investigate the interaction mechanism between 2S albumin and 13S globulin (2S and 13S, the most important storage proteins in Tartary buckwheat seeds) and three phenols (rutin, quercetin and myricetin) regarding the structural and antioxidant properties of their complexes.ResultsThere are differences in the binding affinity of phenols for 2S and 13S. Rutin had a higher binding affinity for 2S, myricetin had a higher binding affinity for 13S, and 13S exhibited a higher affinity toward phenols than did 2S. Binding with phenols significantly changed the secondary and tertiary structures of 2S and 13S, decreased the surface hydrophobic value and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. Molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the binding processes were spontaneous and that there were hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds and van der Waals force interactions between phenols and proteins.ConclusionThese findings could provide meaningful guidance for the further application of buckwheat protein complex. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optomechanically Induced Benjamin–Feir Instability
Authors: Xiong Hao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBenjamin–Feir instability, which is originally discovered in hydrodynamics and plasma physics, has become a central process of nonlinear physics over the past decades. On‐chip solid‐state devices with controllable Benjamin–Feir instability can exhibit a rich set of spatio‐temporal dynamics that are inherently sensitive to their initial distribution, which are vital for force sensors and information processing. By exploiting the nonlinear photonic evolution and localization in a micro‐fabricated optomechanical chain, the direct signal of optomechanically induced Benjamin–Feir instability is identified within the reach of current experimental techniques. A spatio‐temporal dynamical theory of optomechanically induced Benjamin–Feir instability is represented, which provides a quantitative interpretation of the exponential growth characteristics. Numerical calculations of the spatio‐temporal dynamics in the optomechanical chain are in excellent agreement with this theory. Optomechanically induced Benjamin–Feir instability may entail a wide range of intriguing phenomena and find applications in on‐chip manipulations of light propagation and precision measurements due to their exponential growth characteristics.