bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiota and pathogens in an invasive bee: Megachile sculpturalis from native and invaded regions
Authors: Tuerlings Tina , Hettiarachchi Amanda , Joossens Marie , Geslin Benoît , Vereecken Nicolas J. , Michez Denis , Smagghe Guy , Vandamme Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to characterise the bacterial, fungal and parasite gut community of the invasive bee Megachile sculpturalis sampled from native (Japan) and invaded (USA and France) regions via 16S rRNA and ITS2 amplicon sequencing and PCR detection of bee microparasites. The bacterial and fungal gut microbiota communities in bees from invaded regions were highly similar and differed strongly from those obtained in Japan. Core amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) within each population represented environmental micro‐organisms commonly present in bee‐associated niches that likely provide beneficial functions to their host. Although the overall bacterial and fungal communities of the invasive M. sculpturalis in France and the co‐foraging native bees Anthidium florentinum and Halictus scabiosae, were significantly different, five out of eight core ASVs were shared suggesting common environmental sources and potential transmission. None of the 46 M. sculpturalis bees analysed harboured known bee pathogens, while microparasite infections were common in A. florentinum, and rare in H. scabiosae. A common shift in the gut microbiota of M. sculpturalis in invaded regions as a response to changed environmental conditions, or a founder effect coupled to population re‐establishment in the invaded regions may explain the observed microbial community profiles and the absence of parasites. While the role of pathogen pressure in shaping biological invasions is still debated, the absence of natural enemies may contribute to the invasion success of M. sculpturalis.
COMPARISON OF THERAPY WITH SIMVASTATIN 80 MG AND 120 MG IN PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMIA
Authors: Wierzbicki AS , Lumb PJ , Chik G 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYHigh‐dose preparations of simvastatin and atorvastatin have recently become available to treat resistant hypercholesterolaemia aggressively, but few studies have compared these two agents. This study compared the efficacy of simvastatin 80 mg and 120 mg in 22 patients with severe familial hypercholesterolaemia over a three‐month period using an open label format. Simvastatin120 mg was reasonably well tolerated and delivered a further 8% reduction in LDL over 80 mg, giving a total reduction of 55 ± 13%, while further decreasing triglycerides (18%) and continuing to raise HDL (13%) further than the 80 mg dose. However, transient adverse changes were noted in both lipoprotein (a) and fibrinogen and 20% of patients were unable to tolerate the higher dose. One late case of rhabdomyolysis was observed, suggesting patients on the 120 mg dose require continued regular review.
THE POTENTIAL PLACE OF TENOFOVIR IN ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT REGIMENS
Authors: Gazzard BG 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYAdvice from the Food & Drug Administration and the European Medicines Commission indicates that tenofovir is likely to be licensed shortly for use in patients failing antiretroviral therapy as part of a regimen constructed by the clinician. Tenofovir is a nucleotide (NtRTI) that acts in a similar way to nucleoside analogues by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, producing similar HIV plasma viral load fall. In use up to 48 weeks it appears to be safe without evident toxicity. It has particular value because it has activity against many HIV viruses with mutations which render them insensitive to other nucleoside analogues. Its eventual optimal role in treatment, particularly whether it should be part of a first line regimen, awaits the outcome of further studies.
An overview of grey mullet (Mugilidae) global occurrence and species‐rich ecoregions, with indications of possible past dispersal routes within the family
Authors: Whitfield Alan K. , Durand Jean‐Dominique 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis review examines the published literature on the distribution and species richness of the family Mugilidae around six continents as well as their phylogenetic relationships in a time‐calibrated tree. Three mugilid species‐rich regions were identified globally, namely the Coral Triangle, southern Asia and southern Africa, all of which have between 16 and 18 morphologically recognized species. Two of the species hotspots are tropical, and only southern Africa incorporates temperate waters. The centre of mugilid evolution and then global dispersion appears to be located in the tropical waters of the Indo‐Pacific. Speciation within the family was promoted mainly by plate tectonics, eustatic sea‐level changes, tropical climate and high habitat diversity within this region. The number of these tropical species that radiated out to the coastal waters of Africa and America was clearly less than the number that remained in the central Indo‐Pacific region. Nonetheless, access by tropical mugilid species was greater to Africa than the Americas because of the direct tropical and subtropical coastal connectivity to the former continent. This enabled more tropical mugilids to reach Africa than America, with the latter probably relying on Palaeocene “island hopping” or “rafting” to move eastwards across the Pacific Ocean. In addition, tropical mugilids were able to access warm western and central African coastal waters from the Pacific prior to the closure of the Tethys Sea gap in the eastern Mediterranean and prior to the development of the cool Benguela Current upwelling off the southwest African coast, and from America through at least two transatlantic rafting events.
Noninvasive risk assessment of hepatic decompensation in patients with hepatitis B virus‐related liver cirrhosis
Authors: Kim David Sooik , Kim Beom Kyung , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Pyrsopoulos Nikolaos , Kim Seung Up 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimHepatic decompensation is a major complication of liver cirrhosis. We validated the predictive performance of the newly proposed CHESS‐ALARM model to predict hepatic decompensation in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related cirrhosis and compared it with other transient elastography (TE)‐based models such as liver stiffness‐spleen size‐to‐platelet (LSPS), portal hypertension (PH), varices risk scores, albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI), and albumin‐bilirubin‐fibrosis‐4 (ALBI‐FIB‐4).MethodsFour hundred eighty‐two patients with HBV‐related liver cirrhosis between 2006 and 2014 were recruited. Liver cirrhosis was clinically or morphologically defined. The predictive performance of the models was assessed using a time‐dependent area under the curve (tAUC).ResultsDuring the study period, 48 patients (10.0%) developed hepatic decompensation (median 93 months). The 1‐year predictive performance of the LSPS model (tAUC = 0.8405) was higher than those of the PH model (tAUC = 0.8255), ALBI‐FIB‐4 (tAUC = 0.8168), ALBI (tAUC = 0.8153), CHESS‐ALARM (tAUC = 0.8090), and variceal risk score (tAUC = 0.7990). The 3‐year predictive performance of the LSPS model (tAUC = 0.8673) was higher than those of the PH risk score (tAUC = 0.8670), CHESS‐ALARM (tAUC = 0.8329), variceal risk score (tAUC = 0.8290), ALBI‐FIB‐4 (tAUC = 0.7730), and ALBI (tAUC = 0.7451). The 5‐year predictive performance of the PH risk score (tAUC = 0.8521) was higher than those of the LSPS (tAUC = 0.8465), varices risk score (tAUC = 0.8261), CHESS‐ALARM (tAUC = 0.7971), ALBI‐FIB‐4 (tAUC = 0.7743), and ALBI (tAUC = 0.7541). However, there was no significant difference in the predictive performance among all models at 1, 3, and 5 years (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe CHESS‐ALARM score was able to reliably predict hepatic decompensation in patients with HBV‐related liver cirrhosis and showed similar performance to the LSPS, PH, varices risk scores, ALBI, and ALBI‐FIB‐4.
Introducing digital tools for sustainable food supply management: Tackling food loss and waste in industrial canteens
Authors: Principato Ludovica , Marchetti Stefano , Barbanera Marco , Ruini Luca , Capoccia Leonardo , Comis Camilla , Secondi Luca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReducing food waste is essential if we want to create a more sustainable food system, which is why halving per capita food waste by 2030 has been included in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate that by using digital tools to monitor food provisioning and management within canteens, it is possible to achieve a more sustainable food service management within industrial companies and to reduce the overall quantity and environmental impacts of food preparation and consumption thus achieving economic benefits. Longitudinal 2018 and 2019 data collected from the canteen of a major Italian food production company were analyzed. The results showed that the amount of food lost and wasted has decreased over time, reaping important environmental benefits and illustrating specific differences between the food lost in meal preparation and the food left on employees’ plates. It is therefore important to implement education initiatives and to use digital tools to share food‐related data collected within companies among both employees and kitchen and catering staff in order to raise awareness of their behavioral strengths and weaknesses. From this perspective, new interventions at both kitchen and customer/worker levels are introduced and discussed.
Garnet growth and mineral geochronology constrains the diachronous Neoproterozoic convergent evolution of the southern Dom Feliciano Belt, Uruguay
Authors: Percival Jack James , Konopásek Jiří , Oyhantçabal Pedro , Sláma Jiří , Anczkiewicz Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Dom Feliciano Belt of southern Brazil and Uruguay represents part of a larger Neoproterozoic orogenic system formed during the amalgamation of Western Gondwana. The hinterland and foreland domains in parts of the belt preserve deformation structures and metamorphic assemblages that developed during early crustal thickening from c. 650 Ma. However, the metamorphic history of the southern foreland, in Uruguay, and its relationship with the hinterland, is not so well understood. We show that metamorphism in the southern hinterland is characterized by near‐isothermal decompression from ~10 kbar (~770°C) down to ~6 kbar, reflecting exhumation from depths of ~40 km during convergent thrusting and crustal thickening. This metamorphic event and associated magmatism is constrained by garnet Lu–Hf and zircon U–Pb dating to c. 655–640 Ma, supporting age and P–T constraints from previous studies. In contrast, prograde metamorphism in the foreland supracrustal rocks reached maximum lower‐amphibolite facies conditions (~6–7 kbar and ~550–570°C) and is constrained by garnet Lu–Hf dating to 582 ± 23 Ma. An exposed sheet of imbricated foreland basement rocks reached partial melting at upper‐amphibolite facies conditions, and metamorphism is similarly constrained to c. 585–570 Ma by monazite U–Pb dating. The data indicate that metamorphism in the foreland occurred during a sinistral transpressional event c. 55–85 Ma after the start of crustal thickening recorded in the hinterland, whereby strain partitioning during sinistral transpression led to imbrication in the foreland and oblique thrusting of the basement over more distal supracrustal rocks. This event is coeval with transpressional deformation in the Kaoko and Gariep belts, indicating a distinct two‐stage tectonic history driven by the three‐way convergence between the Congo, Kalahari, and South American cratons.
2‐Methoxyestradiol inhibits the proliferation level in keloid fibroblasts through p38 in the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Zi , Liu Yi‐Fang , Ding Li , Li Zhi‐Jin , Li Yun‐Zhu , Si Lou‐Bin , Yu Nan‐Ze , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Long Xiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe MAPK/Erk signaling pathway is a classic pathway in cell proliferation. Our former study showed that keloid tissue revealed a higher proliferation level than physiological scars and normal skin. As a natural metabolite of estradiol, 2‐methoxyestradiol (2ME2) showed an inhibition proliferation effect on tumor cells.AimIn this study, the treatment effect of 2ME2 and its potential mechanisms are explored.MethodsSix keloid patients and six non‐keloid patients were randomly selected from the Department of Plastic Surgery at our hospital during June 2021 to December 2021. Six groups were established: normal skin fibroblasts (N); keloid fibroblasts (K); keloid fibroblasts treated with 2ME2 (K + 2ME2); keloid fibroblasts treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (K + DMSO); keloid fibroblasts treated with doramapimod (K + IN); keloid fibroblasts treated with doramapimod (p38 inhibitor) and 2ME2 (K + IN+2ME2). The fibroblast activity and key factor expression of the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway were measured.ResultsIn the results, 2ME2 significantly inhibited keloid fibroblast activity and key factor expression (except STAT1).ConclusionThe proliferation levels were reduced by both the p38 inhibitor and 2ME2, indicating 2ME2 may achieve an antiproliferation effect by targeting p38 in keloid fibroblasts.
It's past your bedtime, but does it matter anymore? How longitudinal changes in bedtime rules relate to adolescents’ sleep
Authors: Bauducco S. V. , Gardner L. A. , Champion K. , Newton N. , Gradisar M. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis study investigated how changing or maintaining parent‐set bedtimes over time relates to adolescents’ sleep timing, latency, and duration. Adolescents (n = 2509; Mage = 12.6 [0.5] years; 47% m) self‐reported their sleep patterns, and whether they had parent‐set bedtimes on two separate occasions in 2019 (T1; 12.6 years) and 2020 (T2; 13.7 years). We identified four groups based on parent‐set bedtimes: (1) bedtime rules at both T1 and T2 (46%, n = 1155), (2) no bedtime rules at T1 nor T2 (26%, n = 656), (3) bedtime rules at T1 but not T2 (19%, n = 472), (4) no bedtime rules at T1 but a parent‐set bedtime at T2 (9%, n = 226). As expected, the entire sample showed that bedtimes generally became later and sleep duration shorter across adolescence, but the change differed among the groups. Adolescents whose parents introduced bedtime rules at T2 reported earlier bedtimes and longer sleep duration (~20 min) compared with adolescents with no bedtime rules at T2. Importantly, they no longer differed from adolescents who consistently had bedtimes across T1 and T2. There was no significant interaction for sleep latency, which declined at a similar rate for all groups. These results are the first to suggest that maintaining or re‐introducing a parent‐set bedtime may be possible and beneficial for adolescents’ sleep.
Embodied meaning‐making: using literacy‐as‐event to explore a young child's small world play
Authors: Hulston Samantha Jayne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article uses the concept of literacy‐as‐event to explore the embodied meaning‐making of a young child during small world play. Recent developments in literacy research, influenced by relational thinking, have led to a reconsideration of how meaning‐making unfolds in home and school settings. The concept of literacy‐as‐event suggests that meaning‐making is unpredictable and dynamic, responding to novel socio‐material interactions between texts, people, objects and moments. This view suggests that there is a need to ensure children have opportunities to engage with embodied and material meaning‐making beyond shared reading events. In this article, small world play after a shared reading event is positioned as enabling socio‐material meaning‐making through embodied and material encounters with people and objects. A single episode of small world play is presented for analysis. A multimodal analytical approach is used, drawing attention to the embodied interactions between a child, her adult and objects. Analysis of the data shows that the young child's meaning‐making involved moments of physical and materialalmost‐hiatus, followed by erratic movements. These often unexpected fluctuations, between stillness and motion, created generative tensions between the child and her adult, enabling creativeswervesin engagement between narrative action, character traits and story themes.
Efficacy and safety of the Rezum system for the treatment of catheter‐dependent urinary retention: Three‐year real‐world outcomes in a multimorbid, multiethnic population
Authors: Babar Mustufa , Masoud Zaki , Labagnara Kevin , Loloi Justin , Sayed Rahman , Singh Sandeep , Tang Kevin , Syed Umar , Ciatto Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the long‐term real‐world efficacy and safety of Rezum for the treatment of catheter‐dependent urinary retention in a multimorbid, multiethnic population.MethodsA single‐office, retrospective study was conducted on patients treated with Rezum between 2017 and 2019. Patients were included if they had catheter‐dependent urinary retention prior to treatment and at least one follow‐up within 36 months postoperatively. Patient demographics, procedural characteristics, adverse events (AEs), and outcome measures, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) medication usage and postvoid residual (PVR), were collected at 3, 6, 12, and/or 36 months postoperatively. Regret was assessed at 36 months using the 5‐item Decisional Regret Scale (DRS).ResultsA total of 27 patients met the inclusion criteria, with the majority being Asian (29.6%), followed by non‐Hispanic Black (26.0%) and Hispanic (22.2%). Most patients (77.8%) had at least one comorbidity. Trial of void (TOV) was attempted at a median of 8 days (7, 13). Fourteen patients (51.9%) failed their initial TOV. Median time until catheter independence was 13.5 days (8.5, 28.8). Common AEs included urinary retention (51.9%), urinary tract infections (UTIs) (25.9%), and dysuria (25.9%). All cases of UTIs (7/7) and most cases of dysuria (6/7) occurred in patients who failed their initial TOV. At 36 months, there was a significant median percentage change in PVR (−100.0% [−100.0, −36.7], p = .049), and 40.4% of patients discontinued their BPH medications (p = .001). Of the 11 patients who filled out the DRS, 10 (90.9%) agreed/strongly agreed that they made the right decision. By 36 months, 4 patients (14.8%) underwent reoperation and 24 (88.9%) remained catheter‐independent.ConclusionsAt long‐term follow‐up, Rezum effectively treated catheter‐dependent urinary retention with minimal decisional regret. In patients with urinary retention, urologists should consider delaying TOV until 2 weeks postoperatively to maximize the likelihood of a successful TOV and minimize the risk of AEs.
A shift of vector specificity acquired by a begomovirus through natural homologous recombination
Authors: Fan Yun‐Yun , Zhong Yu‐Wei , Pan Li‐Long , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Ding Ming , Liu Shu‐Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecombination is common in plant viruses such as geminiviruses, but the ecological and pathogenic consequences have been explored only in a few cases. Here, we found that a new begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl Shuangbai virus (TYLCSbV), probably originated from the recombination of Ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV) and tobacco curl shoot virus (TbCSV). Agrobacterium‐mediated inoculation showed that TYLCSbV and AYVCNV have similar levels of infectivity on tomato and tobacco plants. However, the two viruses exhibit contrasting specificities for vector transmission, that is, TYLCSbV was efficiently transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) rather than by the whitefly B. tabaci Middle East‐Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), whereas AYVCNV was more efficiently transmitted by MEAM1. We also showed that the transmission efficiencies of TYLCSbV and AYVCNV are positively correlated with the accumulation of the viruses in whitefly whole bodies and organs/tissues. The key coat protein amino acids that determine their accumulation are between positions 147 and 256. Moreover, field surveys suggest that MED has displaced MEAM1 in some regions where TYLCSbV was collected. Viral competition assays indicated that TYLCSbV outcompeted AYVCNV when transmitted by MED, while the outcome was the opposite when transmitted by MEAM1. Our findings suggest that recombination has resulted in a shift of vector specificity that could provide TYLCSbV with a potential selective transmission advantage, and the population shift of whitefly cryptic species could have influenced virus evolution towards an extended trajectory of transmission.
Rootstock‐induced scion resistance against tobacco mosaic virus is associated with the induction of defence‐related transcripts and graft‐transmissible mRNAs
Authors: Kappagantu Madhu , Brandon Matthew , Tamukong Yvette B. , Culver James N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGrafting is a common horticultural practice used to confer desirable traits between rootstock and scion, including disease resistance. To investigate graft‐conferred resistance against viral diseases a novel heterografting system was developed usingNicotiana benthamianascions grafted onto different tomato rootstocks.N. benthamianais normally highly susceptible to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. However, specific tomato rootstock varieties were found to confer a range of resistance levels toN. benthamianascions inoculated with TMV. Conferred resistance was associated with delays in virus accumulation and the reduction in virus spread. RNA sequencing analysis showed the enrichment of transcripts associated with disease resistance and plant stress inN. benthamianascions grafted onto resistance‐inducing tomato rootstocks. Genome sequencing of resistance‐ and nonresistance‐conferring rootstocks was used to identify mobile tomato transcripts withinN. benthamianascions. Within resistance‐inducedN. benthamianascions, enriched mobile tomato transcripts were predominantly associated with defence, stress, and abscisic acid signalling when compared to similar scions grafted onto nonresistance‐inducing rootstock. Combining these findings suggests that graft‐induced resistance is modulated by rootstock scion transcriptional responses and rootstock‐specific mobile transcripts.