bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical update on the leptin‐melanocortin system
Authors: Lavoie Olivier , Michael Natalie Jane , Caron Alexandre 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe discovery of leptin in 1994 was an “eureka moment” in the field of neurometabolism that provided new opportunities to better understand the central control of energy balance and glucose metabolism. Rapidly, a prevalent model in the field emerged that pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons were key in promoting leptin's anorexigenic effects and that the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) was a key region for the regulation of energy homeostasis. While this model inspired many important discoveries, a growing body of literature indicates that this model is now outdated. In this review, we re‐evaluate the hypothalamic leptin–melanocortin model in light of recent advances that directly tackle previous assumptions, with a particular focus on the ARC. We discuss how segregated and heterogeneous these neurons are, and examine how the development of modern approaches allowing spatiotemporal, intersectional, and chemogenetic manipulations of melanocortin neurons has allowed a better definition of the complexity of the leptin–melanocortin system. We review the importance of leptin in regulating glucose homeostasis, but not food intake, through direct actions on ARC POMC neurons. We further highlight how non‐POMC, GABAergic neurons mediate leptin's direct effects on energy balance and influence POMC neurons.image
Transactional sex among rural, justice‐involved Appalachian women who use drugs
Authors: Dickson Megan F. , Tillson Martha , Calvert Joseph M. , Staton Michele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTransactional sex is associated with an array of other health risk behaviors and adverse health outcomes, including HIV. However, despite concerns regarding a potential HIV outbreak, there is limited understanding of transactional sex among rural Appalachians who engage in high‐risk behaviors. Thus, the current study describes the prevalence and correlates of transactional sex among a sample of rural, justice‐involved Appalachian women who use drugs.MethodsParticipants (N = 400) were randomly selected, screened, and interviewed face‐to‐face at 3 rural Appalachian jails in Kentucky. Bivariate analyses were used to examine differences between those who reported trading sex for drugs, money, goods, or services in the year prior to incarceration and those who had not, and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine independent correlates of transactional sex.FindingsOn average, participants were 33 years old with 11 years of education. They were predominantly White (99.0%), about half (43.7%) reported lifetime transactional sex, and 25.9% reported past year transactional sex. Past year transactional sex was positively associated with experiencing money problems, substance use problem severity, injection drug use, unprotected sex with a casual partner, and number of sexual partners in the year prior to incarceration.ConclusionsResults suggest that transactional sex is fairly common among rural Appalachian women who use drugs and are justice‐involved and may signal other HIV‐related risk behaviors. Given limited service availability throughout rural Appalachia, findings emphasize a need for increased access to risk‐reduction interventions, including jail‐based interventions, to educate vulnerable, hard‐to‐reach populations on the risks associated with HIV.
Complementary belowground strategies underlie species coexistence in an early successional forest
Authors: Yi Ruojun , Liu Qianyuan , Yang Fengting , Dai Xiaoqin , Meng Shengwang , Fu Xiaoli , Li Shenggong , Kou Liang , Wang Huimin 
Published: January 2023

SummaryUnravelling belowground strategies is critical for understanding species coexistence and successional dynamics; yet, our knowledge of nutrient acquisition strategies of forest species at different successional stages remains limited.We measured morphological (diameter, specific root length, and root tissue density), architectural (branching ratio), physiological (ammonium, nitrate, and glycine uptake rates) root traits, and mycorrhizal colonisation rates of eight coexisting woody species in an early successional plantation forest in subtropical China.By incorporating physiological uptake efficiency, we revealed a bi‐dimensional root economics space comprising of an ‘amount‐efficiency’ dimension represented by morphological and physiological traits, and a ‘self‐symbiosis’ dimension dominated by architectural and mycorrhizal traits. The early pioneer species relied on root–fungal symbiosis, developing densely branched roots with high mycorrhizal colonisation rates for foraging mobile soil nitrate. The late pioneer species invested in roots themselves and allocated effort towards improving uptake efficiency of less‐mobile ammonium. Within the root economics space, the covariation of axes with soil phosphorus availability also distinguished the strategy preference of the two successional groups.These results demonstrate the importance of incorporating physiological uptake efficiency into root economics space, and reveal a trade‐off between expanding soil physical space exploration and improving physiological uptake efficiency for successional species coexistence in forests.
Coordinated histone variant H2A.Z eviction and H3.3 deposition control plant thermomorphogenesis
Authors: Zhao Fengyue , Xue Mande , Zhang Huairen , Li Hui , Zhao Ting , Jiang Danhua 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Plants can sense temperature changes and adjust their development and morphology accordingly in a process called thermomorphogenesis. This phenotypic plasticity implies complex mechanisms regulating gene expression reprogramming in response to environmental alteration. Histone variants often associate with specific chromatin states; yet, how their deposition/eviction modulates transcriptional changes induced by environmental cues remains elusive.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, temperature elevation‐induced transcriptional activation at thermo‐responsive genes entails the chromatin eviction of a histone variant H2A.Z by INO80, which is recruited to these loci via interacting with a key thermomorphogenesis regulator PIF4.

Here, we show that both INO80 and the deposition chaperones of another histone variant H3.3 associate with ELF7, a critical component of the transcription elongator PAF1 complex. H3.3 promotes thermomorphogenesis and the high temperature‐enhanced RNA Pol II transcription at PIF4 targets, and it is broadly required for the H2A.Z removal‐induced gene activation. Reciprocally, INO80 and ELF7 regulate H3.3 deposition, and are necessary for the high temperature‐induced H3.3 enrichment at PIF4 targets.

Our findings demonstrate close coordination between H2A.Z eviction and H3.3 deposition in gene activation induced by high temperature, and pinpoint the importance of histone variants dynamics in transcriptional regulation.
Osteogenic mesenchymal stem cells/progenitors in the periodontium
Authors: Wen Wen , Pang Yu , Tian Yuyang , Xu Chunmei , Wang Jun , Wu Yafei , Xie Xudong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis is the major cause of tooth loss in adults and is mainly characterized by alveolar bone destruction. Elucidating the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/progenitor populations of alveolar bone formation will provide valuable insights into regenerative approaches to clinical practice, such as endogenous regeneration and stem‐cell‐based tissue engineering therapies. Classically, MSCs residing in the bone marrow, periosteum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and even the gingiva are considered to be osteogenic progenitors. Furthermore, the contributions of MSCs expressing specific markers, including Gli1, Axin2, PTHrP, LepR, and α‐SMA, to alveolar bone formation have been studied using cell lineage tracing and gene knockout models. In this review, we describe the MSCs/progenitors of alveolar bone and the biological properties of different subpopulations of MSCs involved in alveolar bone development, remodeling, injury repair, and regeneration.
Ptip is essential for tooth development via regulating Wnt pathway
Authors: Liang Jianfei , Wang Jing , Ye Chen , Bai Yi , Tong Yibo , Li Yashu , Ji Yaoting , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveEpigenetic regulation plays important role in stem cell maintenance. Ptip was identified as epigenetic regulator, but the role in dental progenitor cells remains unclear.Subjects and MethodsDental mesenchymal progenitor cells were targeted by Sp7‐icre and visualized in mTmG; Sp7‐icre mice. The Ptipf/f; Sp7‐icre mice were generated and the phenotype of incisors and molars were shown by micro‐computerized tomography, scanning electron microscope, hematoxylin & eosin staining, and immunofluorescence. Dental mesenchymal progenitor cells were sorted by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting from lower incisors and RNA sequencing was performed.ResultsThe Sp7‐icre targets dental mesenchymal progenitor cells in incisors and molars. The Ptipf/f; Sp7‐icre mice showed spontaneous fractures in the cusp of upper incisors and lower incisors at 3 weeks (w), compensative overgrowth of lower incisors at 1 month (M), and overgrowth extended to the outside at 2 M. The molars showed shortened roots. The functions of odontoblasts and dental mesenchymal progenitor cells were impaired. Mechanically, loss of Ptip activates the Wnt pathway and upregulates the expression of Wls in dental mesenchymal progenitor cells. Also, the regenerative ability of lower incisors was significantly impaired.ConclusionWe first demonstrated that Ptip was crucial for tooth development via regulating Wnt signaling.
Athletes are not at greater risk for death by suicide: A review
Authors: Pichler Eva‐Maria , Ewers Simon , Ajdacic‐Gross Vladeta , Deutschmann Markus , Exner Jan , Kawohl Wolfram , Seifritz Erich , Claussen Malte Christian 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSuicide represents a major mental and public health issue. Elite athletes share certain individual and environmental characteristics that may increase their risk for mental illnesses, ultimately leading to suicide. This notion conflicts with the general perception of athletes, being the healthiest representatives of society.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was carried out through PubMed and Embase databases for relevant publications.ResultsRecent calls for investigating suicidality among athletes resulted in a considerable amount of literature providing some evidence regarding lower rates of suicide among professional and high‐performance athletes as well as similar incidence and prevalence of mental conditions, which are known as risk factors for suicide. Nevertheless, special attention is required in this population as predisposing and precipitating factors might differ from classical features of suicidality in the general population. Sports physicians, sports psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals in elite sports should be aware of early signs of affective disorders, risk of recreational drug abuse, misuse of performance‐enhancing medications, sport‐specific environmental stressors, serious physical injuries, and presence of physical or mental illness, all of which may increase suicidality. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is with suicide with higher severity correlated with increased risk. Compared to active athletes, former athletes may have higher rates of suicide due to common life stressors occurring after sports retirement.ConclusionsThe findings suggest a multidisciplinary approach to suicidality in elite athletes, the main goal of which should be the reduction of suicide‐related morbidity and mortality. Further research is required to clarify the existing gaps in the current knowledge of the issue. While having lower rates of suicide, athletes share some similar (affective disorders, drug abuse, mental and physical illness) and unique factors (misuse of performance‐enhancing substances, sports‐related stressors, sports injuries, TBI) putting them at risk of suicide during active career and retirement.
Image‐based weed recognition and control: Can it select for crop mimicry?
Authors: Coleman Guy R. Y. , Bender Asher , Walsh Michael J. , Neve Paul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs highly adaptable plants, weeds have evolved numerous mechanisms to evade control in agroecosystems. For example, reliance on herbicides has resulted in widespread evolution of resistance in many species. Minimising weed adaptation is a major driver for integrated weed management strategies. Crop mimicry is a notable example of weed adaptation, where weed species evolve to avoid control by mimicking aspects of the crop phenotype. Visual selection by hand weeding has been documented to select for crop mimics that are difficult to distinguish from the crop at the vegetative stage. With recent advancements in weed recognition technologies, image‐based weed recognition for in‐crop, site‐specific weed control is on the cusp of becoming widely adopted. Whilst the control methods used in site‐specific weed control will be varied (e.g., spot spraying or lasers), they will share weed recognition technology. Visual selection via image‐based deep learning represents a selection pressure for weeds that can evade detection by mimicking crops. This mimicry may reduce weed recognition accuracy and thus weed control efficacy over time and result in difficult to manage mimetic weed phenotypes. Therefore, it is timely to explore the potential for selection of crop mimics by image‐based weed recognition algorithms.
Invasive African boneseed and a native shrub support similar faunal assemblages in a heavily infested landscape
Authors: Carlos Emma H. , Weston Michael A. , Gibson Maria , Rendall Anthony R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInvasive weeds may provide habitat for wildlife in altered landscapes. We compare fauna within three types of sites in You Yangs Regional Park in central Victoria, Australia, that is, sites with an invasive shrub understory (African boneseed, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (DC.) T. Norl.), native shrub understory (snowy mintbush Prostanthera nivea), and sites without an understory (open sites). Sites with an understory dominated by boneseed provided habitat for avian species and an introduced small mammal, comparable with sites with mintbush as the understory. Species‐specific models of common species suggest vegetation structure, rather than composition, drove this effect. Open sites differed in terms of avifaunal assemblage, and the abundance of three common native birds and one common invasive small mammal. Boneseed additionally showed phenological differences in fruiting and flowering and differences in flowering abundance when compared with mintbush, comparably offering resources to wildlife. Transitioning vegetation communities to more natural states should consider wildlife already depending on weeds, a dependency likely driven by a paucity of alternative native vegetation.
Positive and Negative Politeness in Nonverbal Communication Contexts: An Examination into Driving Behaviors in Europe
Authors: AlAfnan Mohammad Awad , MohdZuki Siti Fatimah 
Published: January 2023

This study examines politeness as a nonverbal politic behavior in 29 European countries and territories using Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory. The examination looked into the nonverbal acts of ‘following road signs and speed limit’ and ‘giving signals before changing lanes’ as they reflect (1) negative politeness in the form of avoiding imposition and reducing face-threatening-acts and (2) positive politeness in the form of noticing and appreciating other drivers’ wants and interests to drive without imposition respectively. The examination looked into four variables that are the gender of drivers, age of drivers, level of education of drivers and their country of origin. The study found that European drivers are generally polite and they tend to use the positive politeness act (giving signals) of noticing and appreciating other drivers more often than the negative politeness act (following sigs and speed limits) of reducing imposition and avoiding face-threatening acts. The study also found that the level of education did not play a significant role in the adherence to the driving politic behavior. However, this study found a positive coloration between the age of drivers and their adherence to the driving politic behavior as older drivers follow the driving politic behavior more often than young drivers. This study also found that female drivers in Europe are more polite than male drivers as they notice and appreciate other drivers (positive politeness). This study also revealed that Danish (female), British (male and female), Irish (male), Finish (male), Dutch (male and female), Belgium (female), Austrian (female), Greek (female) and Spanish (male) drivers have the highest frequency of adherence to the driving politic behavior. The study also found that Portuguese male and female, Croatian male and female, Macedonian male and female, Scottish male and female, Albanian male, Norwegian male, Czech male, Austrian female, Romanian male and Swedish female drivers have the lowest frequency of adherence to the driving politic behavior in Europe. The study also found that Cypriot (male), Catalonian (female), French (male and female), German (male and female), Hungarian (male and female), Italian (male and female), Polish (male and female), Russian (male and female), Serbian (male and female), Slovakian (male and female), and Turkish (male and female) drivers’ adherence to driving politic behavior is relatively moderate to high.
Energy metabolism and muscle activation heterogeneity explain V̇O2${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}}$ slow component and muscle fatigue of cycling at different intensities
Authors: do Nascimento Salvador Paulo Cesar , Nascimento Eduardo Marcel Fernandes , Antunes Diego , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci , Denadai Benedito Sérgio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explain the slow component () and muscle fatigue during cycling at different intensities. The muscle fatigue of 16 participants was determined through maximal isokinetic effort lasting 3 s during constant work rate bouts of moderate (MOD), heavy (HVY) and very heavy intensity (VHI) exercise. Breath‐by‐breath , near‐infrared spectroscopy signals and EMG activity were analysed (thigh muscles). was higher during VHI exercise (∼70% vs. ∼28% of reserve in HVY). The deoxygenated haemoglobin final value during VHI exercise was higher than during HVY and MOD exercise (∼90% of HHb physiological normalization, vs. ∼82% HVY and ∼45% MOD). The muscle fatigue was greater after VHI exercise (∼22% vs. HVY ∼5%). There was no muscle fatigue after MOD exercise. The greatest magnitude of muscle fatigue occurred within 2 min (VHI ∼17%; HVY ∼9%), after which it stabilized. No significant relationship between and muscle force production was observed. The τ of muscle was significantly related (R2 = 0.47) with torque decrease for VHI. Type I and II muscle fibre recruitment mainly in the rectus femoris moderately explained the muscle fatigue (R2 = 0.30 and 0.31, respectively) and the (R2 = 0.39 and 0.27, respectively). The is also partially explained by blood lactate accumulation (R2 = 0.42). In conclusion muscle fatigue and O2 cost seem to share the same physiological cause linked with a decrease in the muscle and a change in lactate accumulation. Muscle fatigue and are associated with muscle activation heterogeneity and metabolism of different muscles activated during cycling.
Layer‐specific impairment in the developing lateral entorhinal cortex of immune‐challenged Disc1+/− mice
Authors: Kringel Rebecca , Song Lingzhen , Xu Xiaxia , Bitzenhofer Sebastian H. , Hanganu‐Opatz Ileana L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCognitive deficits in mental disorders result from dysfunctional activity in large‐scale brain networks centred around the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Dysfunctional activity emerges early during development and precedes the cognitive disabilities. The prefrontal–hippocampal network is driven by a prominent input from the lateral entorhinal cortex. We have previously shown that during early development, the entorhinal drive of the prefrontal–hippocampal network is impaired in a mouse model of mental disorders, yet the cellular substrate of this impairment is still poorly understood. Here, we address this question by a detailed characterization of projection neurons across the layers of the lateral entorhinal cortex in immune‐challenged Disc1+/− mice at the beginning of the second postnatal week. We found that the activity and morphology of neurons in layers 2b and 3, which project to the hippocampus, are impaired. Neurons in layer 2b show increased spike‐frequency adaptation, whereas neurons in layer 3 have reduced dendritic complexity but increased spike density. These findings identify the developmental alterations of entorhinal–hippocampal communication that underlie network dysfunction in immune‐challenged Disc1+/− mice.
imageKey points
Neonatal immune‐challenged Disc1+/− mice show layer‐specific changes in the lateral entorhinal cortex.
Entorhinal layer 2b pyramidal neurons have increased spike‐frequency adaptation.
Reduced dendritic complexity but increased spine density characterize layer 3 pyramidal neurons.
Expansion of Sandwich Tubes With Metal Foam Core Under Axial Compression
Authors: Guo Haoyuan , Zhang Jianxun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In order to enhance the load-carrying and energy-absorbing capacity of the energy-absorbing structure, a new energy-absorbing mode of a metal foam-filled sandwich circular tube (MFSC-Tube) expanded by a conical–cylindrical die under axial compression is designed. An analytical model of expansion of the MFSC-Tube under axial compression is established, considering the bending, stretching, and strain hardening of inner and outer tubes as well as compression of the metal foam core. Subsequently, finite element calculations are performed. Both analytical solutions and deformation modes agree well with the finite element calculation results, which proves the validity of the analytical model. The effects of material and geometrical parameters on the expansion of MFSC-Tubes are considered in detail based on the proposed analytical model. It is found that the load-carrying and energy-absorbing capacity of the expansion of the MFSC-Tube can be enhanced by adjusting such parameters as the ratio of the foam thickness to the wall thickness of the metal circular tube and the semi-angle of the die. Last but not least, the specific energy absorption (SEA) of the MFSC-Tube under expansion is significantly improved compared with that of hollow tubes under expansion.
Calibration of Cellular Automaton Model for Microstructure Prediction in Additive Manufacturing Using Dissimilarity Score
Authors: Ghumman Umar Farooq , Fang Lichao , Wagner Gregory J. , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) simulations offer an alternative to expensive AM experiments to study the effects of processing conditions on granular microstructures. Existing AM simulations lack support from reliable validation techniques. The stochastic nature and spatial heterogeneity of microstructures make it difficult to validate the simulated microstructures against experimentally obtained images through statistical measures such as average grain size. Another challenge is the lack of reliable and automated methods to calibrate the model parameters, which are unknown and difficult to measure directly from experiments. To overcome these two challenges, we first present a novel metric to quantify the difference between granular microstructures. Then, using this metric in conjunction with Bayesian optimization, we present a framework that can be used to reliably and efficiently calibrate the model parameters. We employ this framework to first calibrate the substrate microstructure simulation and then the laser scan microstructure simulation for Inconel 625. Results show that the framework allows successful calibration of the model parameters in just a small number of simulations.