bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic of Immunotherapy Trials in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: 2013–2023
Authors: Xia Binbin , Wu Fan , Wei Bin , Li Qunxing , Lin Hsinyu , Lu Peichia , Xie Zhijun , Liu Niu , Wu Jiaying , Zhong Jianglong , Fan Song 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis research provides a comprehensive analysis of immunotherapy clinical trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, aiming to enhance future trial designs.MethodsWe analyzed all clinical trials focused on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma immunotherapy registered on ClinicalTrials.gov from January 1st, 2013, to December 31st, 2023, examining general characteristics, methodological features, and types of immunotherapeutic drugs.ResultsThe analysis included 727 trials, with 687 interventional (94.50%) and 40 observational (5.50%). Most trials were small‐sized (64.37%), single‐centered (56.67%), non‐blinded (94.76%), and non‐randomized (72.93%). Over half of the trials were conducted in North America (55.71%), but trials in Asia increased significantly in the past 5 years (9.88% vs. 32.38%, p < 0.001). Only 20.63% of completed trials updated outcomes, with most results published 6–12 months after primary completion (55.13%). Immune checkpoint inhibitors were the predominant focus, and neoadjuvant immunotherapy was the main regimen in trials with resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (74.83%).ConclusionsThere has been a gradual increase in clinical trials over the past decade, with most being interventional. Delays or absences in outcome submission were prevalent. Novel immunotherapeutic drugs and treatment regimens are a significant focus.
Ethylene increases the NaHCO3 stress tolerance of grapevines partially via the VvERF1B‐VvMYC2‐VvPMA10 pathway
Authors: Xiang Guangqing , Fan Zongbao , Lan Shuxia , Wei Dezheng , Gao Yazhe , Kang Hui , Yao Yuxin 
Published: January 2025

SummaryHere, we evaluated the role of ethylene in regulating the NaHCO3 stress tolerance of grapevines and clarified the mechanism by which VvERF1B regulates the response to NaHCO3 stress. The exogenous application of ACC and VvACS3 overexpression in grapevines and grape calli revealed that ethylene increased NaHCO3 stress tolerance, and this was accompanied by increased plasma membrane H+‐ATPase (PMA) activity. The expression of VvERF1B was strongly induced by ACC, and overexpression of this gene in grapevines conferred increased NaHCO3 stress tolerance and enhanced PMA activity and H+ and oxalate secretion. Additionally, the function of VvERF1B was also verified using mutant transgenic grape calli and overexpression in Arabidopsis plants. The expression of VvPMA10 was strongly induced following the overexpression of VvERF1B in grapevine roots, and VvPMA10 was shown to regulate PMA activity, oxalate and H+ secretion, and NaHCO3 stress tolerance via its overexpression and mutation in grapevine roots, calli, and/or Arabidopsis. However, VvPMA10 was not a direct target gene of VvERF1B but was directly transactivated by VvMYC2. The function of VvMYC2 was shown to be similar to that of VvPMA10 via its overexpression and mutation in grape calli. Additional experiments revealed that the interaction of VvERF1B with VvMYC2 increased its ability to activate VvPMA10 expression and that VvMYC2 played a role in the VvERF1B‐mediated pathway. Overall, the VvERF1B‐VvMYC2‐VvPMA pathway played a role in regulating ethylene‐induced NaHCO3 stress tolerance in grapevines, and this process contributed to increases in PMA activity and H+ and oxalate secretion.
A Second Look: Retrospective Identification of Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Patients With Veno‐Occlusive Disease
Authors: Rahim Mahvish Q. , Nichols Cydney , Althouse Sandra , Rahrig April L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundVeno‐occlusive disease (VOD) and transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Both VOD and TA‐TMA share an underlying etiology of microvascular endothelial damage. Potential under‐recognition of TA‐TMA in the context of VOD leaves HSCT recipients vulnerable to additional endothelial damage, and risk of end‐organ failure.MethodsA cohort of 44 pediatric HSCT recipients diagnosed with VOD between 2010and 2019 were retrospectively evaluated for the development of TA‐TMA within 1 week before and 2 months after VOD diagnosis. Patients were classified into three categories: sole diagnosis of VOD (VOD), concurrent clinical diagnosis of TA‐TMA during the VOD course (VOD+TA‐TMA), and patients with VOD who on retrospective review satisfied criteria for diagnosis of TA‐TMA (VOD+rTA‐TMA).ResultsA total of 42 patients were evaluated and 50% of the patients were diagnosed clinically with TA‐TMA (5) or where retrospectively identified to have TA‐TMA (16). There was no difference in the severity of the course of VOD between the three groups based on need for intubation, dialysis, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care. Patients in the VOD only group had the highest survival at 1 year (66.7%, n = 14) compared with patients in the VOD+TA‐TMA group (60%, n = 3) and VOD+rTA‐TMA group (62.5%, n = 10), p = 0.9582.ConclusionBetter understanding of the association between these two endotheliopathies is essential to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of potentially fatal adverse outcomes in transplant recipients.
A Qualitative Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of Female Sex Workers in a Bangladesh Brothel
Authors: Parkman Suzanne , Stratton Erin C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of female sex workers in the Kandapara Brothel in Tangail to build a better understanding of their lived perspective.DesignThis qualitative study was based on the philosophical underpinnings of Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological philosophy.MethodsA purposive, convenience sample of 24 participants (N = 24) was recruited in the brothel, sufficient for data saturation. The inclusion criteria included (a) must work in the brothel and (b) must be ≥ 18 years old. In‐depth interviews were conducted, and transcript data were reduced, managed and coded.EthicsThe university institutional review board and ethics committee approved the study, and participants provided written informed consent.FindingsA qualitative analysis of transcribed in‐depth interviews revealed four major themes: (1) Early Trauma and Dysregulation, which reflects the trauma experienced by the women working in the brothel and being trafficked at a very early age; (2) Internal life describes the emotional experience and gratitude; the feelings of the sex workers in the brothel, (3) External life reflects the view of the greater Bangladeshi society of the sex workers and (4) The Brothel Life examines the relationships, competition, isolation, health concerns and workers' desire/uncertainty to leave the brothel. The four themes, while appearing separate, overlap with the other themes.ConclusionsThis phenomenological study illustrates the complexity of brothel workers' lived experiences. Understanding sex workers' lived experiences through a caring lens promotes care that allows for self‐determination, reflection, growth, acceptance and, most of all, healing.
Fouling analysis of polyvinyl chloride/polyethylene glycol‐b‐poly(1,2‐dichloroethylene) blend membranes for oily wastewater treatment
Authors: Khosroshahi Maryam Monsefi , Jafarzadeh Yoones , Nasiri Morteza , Dizajyekan Elham Sabzi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolyethylene glycol‐b‐poly(1,2‐dichloroethylene)/polyvinyl chloride membranes were prepared and evaluated in oily wastewater treatment. The fouling mechanisms were investigated using Resistance‐in‐series and Hermia's models. The effects of membrane composition on the fouling were also studied. The surface hydrophilicity, roughness, density of finger‐like voids and porosity of the membranes were enhanced by blending the PEG‐b‐PDCE. The pore size of membranes shifted toward smaller pores as the PEG‐b‐PDCE concentration increased to 0.075 wt.%. The M‐3 membrane was found to be the best one showing 749.11 L.m−2.h−1 flux and 99.76% oil rejection, 82.90% porosity, 55.17
contact angle and 50 nm mean pore size. In addition, irreversible resistance was the main cause of the fouling and the results showed that complete blockage and intermediate pore blocking models yielded the best fit to data for the neat and PVC/PEG‐b‐PDCE membranes. The PEG‐b‐PDCE proved to be a good candidate for PVC membrane engineering and can be tested for other constituent polymers.
Pharmacological reduction of lipid hydroperoxides as a potential modulator of sarcopenia
Authors: Brown Jacob L. , Xu Hongyang , Duggan Elizabeth , Rosenfeld Craig S. , Van Remmen Holly 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe previously reported that elevated expression of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 4, an enzyme that regulates membrane lipid hydroperoxides, can mitigate sarcopenia in mice. However, it is still unknown whether a pharmacological intervention designed to modulate lipid hydroperoxides might be an effective strategy to reduce sarcopenia in aged mice. Here we asked whether a newly developed compound, CMD‐35647 (CMD), can reduce muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve transection. We treated mice daily with vehicle or CMD (15 mg/kg, i.p. injection) starting 1 day prior to denervation. CMD treatment reduced hydroperoxide generation and blunted muscle atrophy by over 17% in denervated muscle. To test whether CMD can reduce ageing‐induced muscle atrophy and weakness, we treated mice with either vehicle or CMD (15 mg/kg, i.p. injection) 3 days per week for 8 months, starting at 18 months of age until 26 months of age. We measured muscle mass, functional status of neuromuscular junctions, muscle contractile function and mitochondrial function in control and CMD‐treated 26‐month‐old female mice. Treatment with CMD conferred protection against muscle atrophy in both tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus that was associated with maintenance of fibre size of MHC 2b and 2x fibres. Mitochondrial respiration was also protected in CMD‐treated mice. We also found that muscle force generation was protected with CMD treatment despite denervation in ∼25% of the muscle fibres. Overall, this study shows that pharmacological interventions designed to reduce lipid hydroperoxides might be effective for preventing sarcopenia.
imageKey points
Sarcopenia in aged mice is associated with muscle loss, contractile dysfunction, denervation, and reduced mitochondrial respiration.
CMD‐35647 is a pharmocological compound that can neutralize lipid hydroperoxides.
8 month treatment of CMD‐35647 mitigated muscle atrophy in tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus.
8 month treatment of CMD‐35647 improved muscle function in aged mice independent of the neuromuscular junction.
Aged mice treated with CMD‐35647 had greater respiration in red gastrocnemius muscle when compared to vehicle treated mice.
Prediction of Laminate Stiffness Reduction by Regression Equations for Damage Variables Obtained From the Stress-Based Variational Model
Authors: Nagumo Yoshiko , Onodera Sota , Hajikazemi Mohammad , Okabe Tomonaga 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Continuous fiber-reinforced materials have low strength under loads perpendicular to the fibers, and transverse cracks easily occur parallel to the fibers. Since transverse cracks cause a reduction in stiffness and strength of continuous fiber-reinforced laminates, understanding the mechanical behavior of cracked laminates is of great importance, and many studies have been conducted. Among these studies, there is the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model, which directly reflects the effect of damage modes in the constitutive law with the idea of damage variables, and the stress-based variational model, which uses the principle of minimum complementary energy to obtain a three-dimensional stress field in a cracked laminate to predict stiffness. Although the variational model can accurately predict the stiffness degradation of a cracked laminate, it is much more complicated than the continuum damage mechanics model in terms of the expression of the theoretical solution and the computational process. In this study, we derived explicit closed-form expressions for damage variables within the CDM framework, based on the variational model's calculations, estimating both the in-plane and out-of-plane laminate thermoelastic properties. This combines the simplicity of CDM with the accuracy of the variational approach. The damage variables are expressed explicitly using normalized values, incorporating cracked ply material and geometrical properties, crack geometry, and adjacent ply properties, making them applicable to a wide range of laminate materials and crack configurations. The validity of the regression equations was verified by comparing them with the previous CDM model's results, finite element analysis results, and experimental data.
Complete genome sequence of a
Mycobacterium bovis
strain associated with a bovine tuberculosis outbreak on a cattle farm in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Andrievskaia Olga , Garceac Amalia , Lloyd Dara , Savic Mirjana , Duceppe Marc-Olivier 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Bovine tuberculosis is an important zoonotic infectious disease that presents a risk to human health, livestock, and wildlife. We report the complete genome sequence of a new
Mycobacterium bovis
strain that caused a bovine tuberculosis outbreak on a cattle farm in Saskatchewan, Canada, in 2023.
Complete genome sequence of
Roseburia faecis
M72/1
T
Authors: Murotomi Kazutoshi , Tourlousse Dieter M. , Hamajima Mayu , Sekiguchi Yuji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

We describe a complete genome sequence of
Roseburia faecis
strain M72/1
T
(= JCM 17581
T
= DSM 16840
T
= NCIMB 14031
T
). The genome assembly consists of a single circular chromosome with a length of 3,385,415 base pairs and was predicted to contain 3,338 genes and encode for 3,180 proteins.
Small RNA CjNC110 regulates the activated methyl cycle to enable optimal chicken colonization by
Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Ruddell Brandon , Hassall Alan , Sahin Orhan , Plummer Paul J. , Zhang Qijing , Kreuder Amanda J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Post-transcriptional gene regulation by non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) is critical for colonization and survival of enteric pathogens, including the zoonotic pathogen
Campylobacter jejuni
. In this study, we utilized
C. jejuni
IA3902 (a representative isolate of the sheep abortion clone) and
C. jejuni
W7 (a highly motile variant of NCTC 11168, a human gastroenteritis strain) to further investigate regulation by sRNA CjNC110. Both motility and autoagglutination ability were confirmed to be phenotypes of conserved regulation by CjNC110. However, we demonstrated that W7∆CjNC110 does not change chicken colonization levels compared to W7 wild type, directly contrasting IA3902∆CjNC110, which had decreased colonization ability. Subsequently, we determined strain-specific phenotype variation between W7∆CjNC110 and IA3902∆CjNC110 when examining intracellular L-methionine (L-met) levels controlled by the activated methyl cycle (AMC). We hypothesized that the presence of a secondary system for L-met production conferred by MetAB in W7 but not IA3902 might explain the difference in both chicken colonization and L-met availability. Insertion of
metAB
within IA3902∆CjNC110 (naturally absent) restored intracellular L-met levels in IA3902∆CjNC110::metAB and overcame the colonization defect that resulted from mutagenesis of CjNC110 in IA3902. Deletion of metAB in W7∆CjNC110 (naturally present) led to a decrease in L-met in W7∆CjNC110∆metAB and a colonization defect which was otherwise masked in W7∆CjNC110. Our results indicate that regulation of the AMC leading to altered L-met availability is a conserved regulatory function of CjNC110 in
C. jejuni
and confirm that L-met generation via the AMC as activated by CjNC110 is critical for optimal host colonization.

IMPORTANCE

During this study, the regulatory action and conservation of function of CjNC110 between two different zoonotically important
Campylobacter jejuni
strains were examined. Critically, this work for the first time reveals regulation of L-methionine (L-met) production within the activated methyl cycle (AMC) by small RNA (sRNA) CjNC110 as a key factor driving
C. jejuni
optimal chicken colonization. As a growing body of evidence suggests that maintenance of L-met homeostasis appears to be critical for
C. jejuni
colonization, interventions targeting the AMC could provide a critical control point for therapeutic drug options to combat this zoonotic pathogen. Our results also indicate that even for conserved sRNAs such as CjNC110, strain-specific differences in phenotypes regulated by sRNAs may exist, independent of conserved regulatory action. Depending on the strain examined and accessory genomic content present, conserved regulatory actions might be masked, thus investigation in multiple strains may be warranted.
Preparation and application of porcine broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in an immunoassay for efficiently detecting neutralizing antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O
Authors: Cao Yimei , Li Fengjuan , Xing Xiangchuan , Zhang Huiyan , Zhao QiongQiong , Sun Pu , Fu Yuanfang , Li Pinghua , Ma Xueqing , Zhang Jing , Zhao Zhixun , yuan Hong , Wang Jian , Wang Tao , Bao Huifang , Bai Xingwen , Li Dong , Zhang Qiang , Li Kun , Lu Zengjun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Neutralizing antibodies provide vital protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The virus neutralization test (VNT) is a gold standard method for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. However, its application is limited due to the requirement for live virus and unsuitability for large-scale serological surveillance. In this study, a porcine broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (PO18-10) against FMDV was obtained from the heterologous sequentially vaccinated pig using single-B-cell antibody technology. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) for detecting neutralizing antibodies against FMDV serotype O was developed using biotinylated PO18-10 as a detector antibody. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 100% and 99.55%, respectively, and the positive/negative coincidence rate with VNT was 94%, suggesting that C-ELISA based on natural host-derived monoclonal antibody (mAb) could be a promising tool to detect neutralizing antibodies against FMDV serotype O and evaluate the vaccine efficacy.

IMPORTANCE
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O is one of the most prevalent serotypes in the world. The neutralizing antibody titers in primo-vaccinated animals are directly related to their level of protection against a virus challenge. The development of a safe, rapid, and accurate method for the detection of the neutralizing antibody is essential for the control and eradication of FMD. In this study, an inter-serotype broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody PO18-10 was successfully produced using single-B-cell antibody technology from sequentially vaccinated pigs. A competitive ELISA based on this natural host-derived mAb for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against FMDV serotype O was developed and validated. The assay demonstrates high sensitivity, specificity, and coincidence rate with VNT, making it an alternative tool for confirming FMDV infection and evaluating the vaccine efficacy.
Prevalence and risk factors of myopic macular degeneration: the Aier-SERI high myopia adult cohort
Authors: Foo Li Lian , Jiang Yanfeng , Hoang Quan V , Htoon Hla Myint , Hu Ziqi , Pan Wei , Cheong Kai Xiong , Lamoureux Ecosse Luc , Yang Zhikuan , Lan Weizhong , Saw Seang-Mei 
Published: January 2025

PurposeTo assess the prevalence and risk factors of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in young and middle-aged individuals with high myopia in Changsha, central China.MethodsA total of 445 adults with high myopia (worse than or equal to −5.0 D) were examined between 2021 and 2023. Autorefraction and biometry using IOLMaster were conducted, and fundus photos were graded for MMD using Meta-PM criteria. MMD was diagnosed if category 2, 3, 4 or any plus lesion was present. Risk factors such as age, gender, spherical equivalent (SE)/axial length (AL), body mass index, education and residence were analysed via logistic regression.ResultsParticipants had an average age of 42.3±7.3 years. MMD prevalence was 21.8% (71 adults) with a mean SE of −9.5±4.7 D and AL of 27.3±1.9 mm. Significant risk factors included greater myopic SE (OR=1.7 per 1 D decrease) and longer AL (OR=3.6 per 1 mm increase). MMD prevalence rose sharply with myopia worse than −10.00 D and AL >27.00 mm, reaching up to 100% for myopia worse than −14.00 D or AL ≥29.00 mm.ConclusionMMD affects about one in five young to middle-aged adults with high myopia. Those exceeding critical myopia and AL thresholds are at higher risk and should be closely monitored. Further research on interventions to prevent axial elongation is needed, particularly for those with high genetic risk.
Management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in general hospital settings
Authors: Kast Kristopher A , Sidelnik S Alex , Nejad Shamim H , Suzuki Joji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The covid-19 pandemic was associated with an unprecedented increase in alcohol consumption and associated morbidity, including hospitalizations for alcohol withdrawal. Clinicians based in hospitals must be ready to identify, assess, risk-stratify, and treat alcohol withdrawal with evidence based interventions. In this clinically focused review, we outline the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, screening, assessment, and treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the general hospital population. We review and summarize studies addressing the drug treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in inpatient populations, with a focus on the use of benzodiazepine drugs, phenobarbital, antiseizure drugs, and α-2 adrenergic drugs. Emerging areas of interest include the use of novel alcohol biomarkers, risk stratification instruments, alternative symptom severity scales, severe withdrawal syndromes resistant to benzodiazepine drugs, and treatment protocol variations–including non-symptom-triggered and benzodiazepine-sparing protocols. We identify key areas for research including identification of populations who will benefit from non-benzodiazepine strategies, more individualized risk stratification approaches to guide treatment, and greater inclusion of gender and racial and ethnic minorities in future studies.