bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyksos
Authors: Bietak Manfred 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe term “Hyksos” is a Hellenized version of the Egyptian term, Heqau Khasut (ḥqꜢw ḫꜢswt), “Rulers of foreign countries” – a term originally used generally to refer to foreign chieftains, but adopted, according to the Royal Canon of Turin and monumental evidence, by the rulers of the 15th Dynasty for official use and by contemporary vassal‐dynasties of Canaanite descent.
Sopdet/Sothis
Authors: Symons Sarah L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sopdet is the Egyptian name the brightest star, Sirius. Observation of Sopdet was central to timekeeping and calendrical activity in pharaonic Egypt. The few surviving examples of dated astronomical observations of the behavior of Sirius supply important evidence for the chronology of Egyptian history. The star was personified as a goddess of the same name, sometimes depicted in the form of a cow.
Science, Roman
Authors: Lehoux Daryn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent work in the history and philosophy of science and the history of philosophy has begun to see Roman approaches to nature and the natural world as significant, independent developments on the work of their Greek predecessors. The new cultural, social, and political contexts of the Republic and Roman Imperial periods are increasingly seen to have developed in dynamic interaction with the changing understandings of the world in which the Romans themselves lived. As is so common in the history of the sciences, science and society deeply influence each other and change together over time.
Anesthetic‐loaded nanodroplets with focused ultrasound reduces agitation in Alzheimer's mice
Authors: Gouveia Flavia Venetucci , Lea‐Banks Harriet , Aubert Isabelle , Lipsman Nir , Hynynen Kullervo , Hamani Clement 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) is often associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, including agitation and aggressive behavior. These symptoms increase with disease severity, ranging from 10% in mild cognitive impairment to 50% in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD, pose a great risk for self‐injury and injury to caregivers, result in high rates of institutionalization and great suffering for patients and families. Current pharmacological therapies have limited efficacy and a high potential for severe side effects. Thus, there is a growing need to develop novel therapeutics tailored to safely and effectively reduce agitation and aggressive behavior in AD. Here, we investigate for the first time the use of focused ultrasound combined with anesthetic‐loaded nanodroplets (nanoFUS) targeting the amygdala (key structure in the neurocircuitry of agitation) as a novel minimally invasive tool to modulate local neural activity and reduce agitation and aggressive behavior in the TgCRND8 AD transgenic mice.MethodsMale and female animals were tested in the resident‐intruder (i.e., aggressive behavior) and open‐field tests (i.e., motor agitation) for baseline measures, followed by treatment with active‐ or sham‐nanoFUS. Behavioral testing was then repeated after treatment.ResultsActive‐nanoFUS neuromodulation reduced aggressive behavior and agitation in male mice, as compared to sham‐treated controls. Treatment with active‐nanoFUS increased the time male mice spent in social‐non‐aggressive behaviors.InterpretationOur results show that neuromodulation with active‐nanoFUS may be a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms, with special focus on agitation and aggressive behaviors. Further studies are necessary to establish cellular, molecular and long‐term behavioral changes following treatment with nanoFUS.
A Kinetic Control Strategy for One‐Pot Synthesis of Efficient Bimetallic Metal‐Organic Framework/Layered Double Hydroxide Heterojunction Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Mu Guomei , Wang Guangzhao , Huang Qiuping , Miao Yujie , Wen Dan , Lin Dunmin , Xu Chenggang , Wan Yinji , Xie Fengyu , Guo Wenhan , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeterojunction materials are promising candidates for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts to break the linear scaling relationship and lower the reaction barrier. However, the application of heterojunction materials is always hindered by the complicated multistep synthetic procedures which bring cost, complexity, and reproducibility issues. Herein, a strategy of kinetic controlled synthesis is developed to achieve the one‐pot formation of bimetallic metal‐organic framework (MOF)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) heterojunction electrodes as highly efficient OER electrocatalysts. The heterojunction electrodes present hierarchical structures with highly porous NiFe‐LDH nanosheet networks vertically grown on the surface of NiFe‐MOF‐74 microprisms, promoting fast mass transport and high exposure of active sites. The strong interactions at the MOF/LDH heterojunction interfaces contribute to the outstanding OER activity surpassing the state‐of‐art RuO2 OER catalysts. The MOF/LDH heterojunction electrode exhibits an ultralow overpotential of only 159.7 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, and yields large current densities at small overpotential (100 mA cm−2 at 230.2 mV and 1000 mA cm−2 at 284.3 mV) with long‐term durability. This study presents an innovative approach to construct heterojunction materials with simple one‐step synthesis, offering a promising pathway for high‐efficiency electrocatalyst development.
2D Dynamic Heterogeneous Interface Coupling Endowing Extra Zn2+ Storage
Authors: Xiao Baoquan , Chen Jie , Hu Changfa , Mou Lianshan , Yang Wenjing , He Wenhao , Lu Zhibin , Peng Shanglong , Huang Juanjuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion battery (AZIBs) is expected to be an ideal device for large‐scale energy storage for its high safety and low cost. However, it is still a challenge to achieve both high energy density and high stability. Herein, in situ liquid‐phase growth exfoliation is developed to obtain V5O12 nanosheets, which is then combined with Ti3C2 nanosheets to construct two‐dimensional heterostructure (2D HVO@Ti3C2) with interfacial VOTi bonds. 2D HVO@Ti3C2 exhibits a dynamic interface coupling during discharging/charging, accompanied by break/reconstruction of interfacial VOTi bonds. The dynamic interface coupling provides a reversible electron transfer channel and endows the inert Ti3C2 with electrochemical activity in AZIBs, making it an additional electron acceptor and donor, and promoting the insertion of more Zn2+. Therefore, a capacity beyond the theoretical capacity of HVO is obtained for the HVO@Ti3C2. Additionally, the reversible 2D dynamic interface coupling can also effectively alleviate the structural damage during the cycling process. Then, the ultra‐high capacity (457.1 mAh g‐1 at 0.2 A g‐1, over 600 mAh g‐1 based on the mass of HVO) and high stability (88.9% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 A g‐1) are achieved. This interface coupling mechanism provides an exciting strategy for the high energy density and high stability of AZIBs.
Multi‐Functional Carbon Dots for Visualizing and Modulating ROS‐Induced Mitophagy in Living Cells
Authors: Li Hao , Guo Jiaqing , Liu Aikun , Chen Yue , He Yejun , Qu Junle , Yan Wei , Song Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced mitophagy is associated with a variety of diseases. Therefore, visualizing and modulating the process of ROS‐induced mitophagy is essential for understanding the role of mitophagy in cellular homeostasis, physiological processes, and pathogenesis. Herein, using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), for the first time the complete dynamic process of PINK1/Parkin pathway‐mediated mitophagy is described. Induced by the photo‐controlled release of ROS, nitrogen‐doped multi‐functional carbon nanozymes (ENZ‐NCDs) is used as a probe to visualize and quantitatively study ROS‐induced mitophagy. The successful preparation of ENZ‐NCDs provides a potentially powerful tool and a new strategy for real‐time mitophagy monitoring and future quantification of mitochondrial damage caused by ROS and ROS‐induced mitophagy‐related diseases.
A Self‐Reporting Mineralized Conductive Hydrogel Sensor with Cancer‐Selective Viscosity, Adhesiveness, and Stretchability
Authors: Roy Kaustuv , Lee Dong‐Hyun , Ryplida Benny , In Insik , Bhang Suk Ho , Park Sung Young 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA cancer‐selective self‐reporting sensor based on a redox‐responsive mineralized conductive hydrogel (M‐Hydrogel) is proposed with cancer‐specific viscosity, adhesive strength, stretchability, tunable conductivity, and fluorescence. The redox‐triggered release of carbonized polydopamine (cPDA) from the loaded disulfide‐crosslinked polymer dots (PD@cPDA) in the hydrogel matrix modulates the macroporous structure responsible for self‐recognizable cancer sensing and photothermal activity for cancer therapy. The self‐reporting nature of the M‐Hydrogel sensor is highlighted when in vicinity of a high glutathione (GSH) level owing to the controllable pore size and H‐bonding by cPDA, as confirmed by experiments on cancer cells (HeLa, PC3, B16‐F10‐GFP, and SNU‐C2A) and normal cells (CHO‐K1). The lower viscosity during syringe test along with the exceptional adhesiveness and stretchability with various cancer cells, combined with a high wireless pressure‐sensing response absent in normal conditions, confirms the dependence of self‐recognizable behavior on the cancer microenvironment. The M‐Hydrogel demonstrates excellent ex situ sensing with tumor ablation, after implantation in mice xenografted with HeLa cells, with the wireless sensing system, enabling real‐time analysis coupled with the upregulation of pro‐apoptotic markers P53 and BAX in the tumor. Therefore, this self‐reporting sensor may facilitate a strategy for innovative and convenient cancer diagnostics.
Red Emissive Carbon Dot Superoxide Dismutase Nanozyme for Bioimaging and Ameliorating Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Liu Cui , Fan Wenbin , Cheng Wen‐Xiang , Gu Yiping , Chen Yiming , Zhou Wenhua , Yu Xue‐Feng , Chen Minghai , Zhu Minrong , Fan Kelong , Luo Qing‐Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHarnessing the physiochemical properties and enzymatic activities of nanozymes will provide new insights for disease theranostics. Herein, a novel carbon dot (C‐dot) superoxide dismutase (SOD) nanozyme that exhibits red fluorescence with emission wavelength of 683 nm and shows high SOD‐like activity of >4000 U mg−1is reported, which presents the great potential for imaging the biodistribution of nanozyme itself in vivo and ameliorating acute lung injury. Through surface modifications, the mechanism of C‐dot SOD nanozyme activity is revealed to be relied on their surface functional groups which bind with superoxide radicals, promote the electron transfer between C‐dots and superoxide radicals, and finally accelerate the dismutation of superoxide radicals. The absolute quantum yield of ≈14% of red fluorescence C‐dot nanozyme endow it bioimaging in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the C‐dot nanozyme effectively enters the cells, accumulates at mitochondria, and protects living cells from oxidative damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing the levels of pro‐inflammatory factors. Importantly, in vivo animal experiments demonstrate the accumulation of C‐dots in injure lung and therapeutic effect of C‐dot nanozyme toward acute lung injury in mice. The red fluorescent C‐dot SOD nanozyme shows great potential for in vivo bioimaging and management of ROS‐related diseases.
Electrocatalytic Palladium Nanoclusters as Versatile Indicators of Bioassays: Rapid Electroanalytical Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 by Reverse Transcription Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Rodríguez‐Penedo Alejandro , Rioboó‐Legaspi Pablo , González‐López Andrea , Lores‐Padín Ana , Pereiro Rosario , García‐Suárez María del Mar , Cima‐Cabal María Dolores , Costa‐Rama Estefanía , Fernández Beatriz , Fernández‐Abedul M. Teresa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is considered the gold standard for pathogen detection. However, improvement is still required, especially regarding the possibilities of decentralization. Apart from other reasons, infectious diseases demand on‐site analysis to avoid pathogen spreading and increase treatment efficacy. In this paper, the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 is carried out by reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification, which has the advantage of requiring simple equipment, easily adaptable to decentralized analysis. It is proposed, for the first time, the use of palladium nanoclusters (PdNCs) as indicators of the amplification reaction at end point. The pH of the medium decreases during the reaction and, in turn, a variation in the catalytic activity of PdNCs on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be electrochemically observed. For the detection, flexible and small‐size screen‐printed electrodes can be premodified with PdNCs, which together with the use of a simple and small electrochemical equipment would greatly facilitates their integration in field‐deployable devices. This would allow a faster detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as of other future microbial threats after an easy adaptation.
Enhancing Photon Utilization Efficiency for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cells via Regulating Phase‐Transition Kinetics
Authors: Bi Pengqing , Wang Jianqiu , Cui Yong , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Tao , Chen Zhihao , Qiao Jiawei , Dai Jiangbo , Zhang Shaoqing , Hao Xiaotao , Wei Zhixiang , Hou Jianhui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEfficient photon utilization is key to achieving high‐performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. In this study, a multiscale fibril network morphology in a PBQx‐TCl:PBDB‐TF:eC9‐2Cl‐based system is constructed by regulating donor and acceptor phase‐transition kinetics. The distinctive phase‐transition process and crystal size are systematically investigated. PBQx‐TCl and eC9‐2Cl form fibril structures with diameters of ≈25 nm in ternary films. Additionally, fine fibrils assembled by PBDB‐TF are uniformly distributed over the fibril networks of PBQx‐TCl and eC9‐2Cl. The ideal multiscale fibril network morphology enables the ternary system to achieve superior charge transfer and transport processes compared to binary systems; these improvements promote enhanced photon utilization efficiency. Finally, a high power conversion efficiency of 19.51% in a single‐junction OPV cell is achieved. The external quantum efficiency of the optimized ternary cell exceeds 85% over a wide range of 500–800 nm. A tandem OPV cell is also fabricated to increase solar photon absorption. The tandem cell has an excellent PCE of more than 20%. This study provides guidance for constructing an ideal multiscale fibril network morphology and improving the photon utilization efficiency of OPV cells.
Photoinduced Dithiolane Crosslinking for Multiresponsive Dynamic Hydrogels
Authors: Nelson Benjamin R. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Miksch Connor E. , Davidson Matthew D. , Skillin Nathaniel P. , Hach Grace K. , Khang Alex , Hummel Sydney N. , Fairbanks Benjamin D. , Burdick Jason A. , Bowman Christopher N. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile many hydrogels are elastic networks crosslinked by covalent bonds, viscoelastic hydrogels with adaptable crosslinks are increasingly being developed to better recapitulate time and position‐dependent processes found in many tissues. In this work, 1,2‐dithiolanes are presented as dynamic covalent photocrosslinkers of hydrogels, resulting in disulfide bonds throughout the hydrogel that respond to multiple stimuli. Using lipoic acid as a model dithiolane, disulfide crosslinks are formed under physiological conditions, enabling cell encapsulation via an initiator‐free light‐induced dithiolane ring‐opening photopolymerization. The resulting hydrogels allow for multiple photoinduced dynamic responses including stress relaxation, stiffening, softening, and network functionalization using a single chemistry, which can be supplemented by permanent reaction with alkenes to further control network properties and connectivity using irreversible thioether crosslinks. Moreover, complementary photochemical approaches are used to achieve rapid and complete sample degradation via radical scission and post‐gelation network stiffening when irradiated in the presence of reactive gel precursor. The results herein demonstrate the versatility of this material chemistry to study and direct 2D and 3D cell‐material interactions. This work highlights dithiolane‐based hydrogel photocrosslinking as a robust method for generating adaptable hydrogels with a range of biologically relevant mechanical and chemical properties that are varied on demand.
Soft Plasmene Helical Nanostructures
Authors: Shi Qianqian , Dong Dashen , Gervinskas Gediminas , Lin Han , Sikdar Debabrata , Jia Baohua , Walia Sumeet , Sriram Sharath , Bhaskaran Madhu , Yap Lim Wei , Cheng Wenlong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlasmene is recently defined as 2D arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles, which could be fabricated by the bottom‐up self‐assembly approach and demonstrated a wide range of applications in sensing, energy harvesting, nanophotonics and encryption. Herein, this work further demonstrates a 3D helical plasmonic nanostructures that can be fabricated from 2D plasmene nanosheet. Inspired by chocolate curls‐making process, a micro‐spatula‐based strategy is developed to selectively scrape substrate‐supported plasmene to free space, which spontaneously folds the plasmene nanosheet into various complex helical nanostructures with controlled dimensions. 3D nanospirals can also be obtained by focus ion beam (FIB)‐based lithography on free‐standing plasmene. Helical plasmene structures are robust, exhibiting elastic mechanical properties and chiral optical response. This methodology represents a versatile fabrication route combining both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches to create soft plasmonic helical structures for potential applications in next‐generation flexible nanophotonic devices.
Open‐label, Phase 2 study of roxadustat for the treatment of anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy for non‐myeloid malignancies
Authors: Glaspy John , Gabrail Nashat Y. , Locantore‐Ford Patricia , Lee Tyson , Modelska Katharina , Samal Vivek , Henry David H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnemia is a common side effect of myelosuppressive chemotherapy; however, chemotherapy‐induced anemia (CIA) management options are suboptimal. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in this setting. This open‐label Phase 2 study included patients with non‐myeloid malignancies and CIA (hemoglobin [Hb] ≤10 g/dL) who had planned concurrent myelosuppressive chemotherapy for ≥8 additional weeks. Oral roxadustat was administered for ≤16 weeks (starting dose 2.0 or 2.5 mg/kg, then titrated every 4 weeks). The primary efficacy endpoint was mean maximum change in Hb within 16 weeks of baseline without red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Patients were assigned to roxadustat 2.0 (n = 31) or 2.5 mg/kg (n = 61) starting doses, and 89 were assessed for efficacy. The mean (standard deviation) maximum Hb change from baseline without RBC transfusion was 2.4 (1.5) and 2.5 (1.5) g/dL in the roxadustat 2.0 and 2.5 mg/kg groups, respectively. Median (range) time to Hb increase of ≥2 g/dL was 71 (57–92) days. Twelve patients (14.5%) had RBC transfusions (Week 5 to the end of treatment). Roxadustat was efficacious regardless of tumor type and chemotherapy regimen. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 14 (15.2%) and nine (9.8%) patients, respectively, and three had serious adverse events attributed to roxadustat in the opinion of the investigators (PE: n = 2 [2.2%]; DVT: n = 1 [1.1%]). Roxadustat increased Hb in patients with CIA regardless of tumor type and chemotherapy regimen. Adverse events were consistent with observations in patients with advanced‐stage malignancies.
Difficulties in distinguishing silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis in silica‐exposed gold miners: A report of four cases
Authors: Maboso Botembetume , te Water Naude Jim , Rees David , Goodman Hillel , Ehrlich Rodney 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSilicosis and tuberculosis (TB) are both global health concerns, with high prevalence among miners from the South African gold mines. Although knowledge has accumulated about these two conditions as distinct diseases since the early 20th century, and despite progress in technology with multiple diagnostic tools and treatment options available for TB, the challenge of distinguishing and therefore efficiently managing these two conditions in this population remains as current as it was 100 years ago. To illustrate the diagnostic and health service problems of distinguishing TB and silicosis clinically and radiologically in former gold miners from the South African mines living in resource‐poor areas, we discuss four cases reviewed for this report by a panel of experts. For each case, occupational history, past and current medical history, physical examination, radiological and laboratory findings are described. Common themes are: (1) poor agreement between radiological and clinical presentation; (2) poor agreement between radiology findings and detection of active TB on sputum Xpert MTB/RIF testing; and (3) difficulty in distinguishing the clinical and radiological presentations of silicosis and tuberculosis. Possible consequences at the population level are undertreatment or overtreatment of TB, and underdiagnosis or overdiagnosis of silicosis. There is a need for training of practitioners who are screening or attending to former gold miners in the clinical and radiological features of combined disease, using a curated database of miners' chest X‐ray images. Investment in protocols for management of both acute and chronic silicotuberculosis in ex‐miners is needed, as is clinical, epidemiologic, and operations research.
CRISPR‐Cas Biochemistry and CRISPR‐Based Molecular Diagnostics
Authors: Weng Zhengyan , You Zheng , Yang Jie , Mohammad Noor , Lin Mengshi , Wei Qingshan , Gao Xue , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based nucleic acid testing has played a critical role in disease diagnostics, pathogen surveillance, and many more. However, this method requires a long turnaround time, expensive equipment, and trained personnel, limiting its widespread availability and diagnostic capacity. On the other hand, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has recently demonstrated capability for nucleic acid detection with high sensitivity and specificity. CRISPR‐mediated biosensing holds great promise for revolutionizing nucleic acid testing procedures and developing point‐of‐care diagnostics. This review focuses on recent developments in both fundamental CRISPR biochemistry and CRISPR‐based nucleic acid detection techniques. Four ongoing research hotspots in molecular diagnostics‐target preamplification‐free detection, microRNA (miRNA) testing, non‐nucleic‐acid detection, and SARS‐CoV‐2 detection‐are also covered.