bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Materials through Patent Information
Authors: Segal David 
Published: February 2023

Many advances in technology are due to the development of new materials and by using patent literature we can monitor how technology has advanced. Exploring Materials through Patent Information describes how different technologies have evolved through the development of their patents, providing students with a guide on how to use patents as a source of information in their research and studies.
The first chapter provides practical advice on searching for patents and using patents, followed by individual chapters covering different material systems where the technical information in the patent literature demonstrates the developments in the technology. The materials discussed includes light-emitting diodes, quantum dots, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), liquid crystals and liquid crystal displays, 3d printing, healthcare, block copolymers, aerogels, ionic liquids, flame retardants, graphene, hydrogels, and superhydrophobic materials.
The book is aimed at students in chemistry, materials science and engineering to show how patent information is an important source of information alongside other sources of information.
Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Alonso Jose , Gonzalez Pablo 
Published: February 2023

Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) has become an essential tool in research laboratories and is increasingly used in routine analysis labs (including environmental, food safety and clinical applications). This is the first textbook to present a comprehensive and instructive view of the theory and applications of this growing technique.
The main objective of this book is to cover the theory and applications of Isotope Dilution in Analytical Chemistry. The scope is comprehensive to include elemental analysis, speciation analysis, organic analysis and biochemical and clinical analysis together with applications in metabolism studies and traceability of goods. Until now there have been no books published with the same general scope (only book chapters on particular applications). This is a textbook focused at post-graduate level covering the basic knowledge required for doctoral studies in this field. Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry will also outline practical applications of interest for routine testing laboratories where isotope dilution procedures are implemented or can be implemented in the future. This unique book covers all the theoretical and practical aspects of Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS). Due to the increasing application of IDMS in many research laboratories and the increasing implementation of IDMS methodologies in routine testing laboratories, scientists in industry and working in or affiliated to this area will this an invaluable source of information. Concerning the theoretical aspects, the authors present a uniform theoretical background which grows from previous developments in Organic, Speciation and Elemental analysis both in their own laboratory and in other laboratories around the world. This general approach will be simpler and will also include new emerging fields such as quantitative proteomics and metabolism studies.
Errorless, Errorful, and Retrieval Practice for Naming Treatment in Aphasia: A Scoping Review of Learning Mechanisms and Treatment Ingredients
Authors: Nunn Kristen , Vallila-Rohter Sofia , Middleton Erica L. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Increasingly, mechanisms of learning are being considered during aphasia rehabilitation. Well-characterized learning mechanisms can inform “how” interventions should be administered to maximize the acquisition and retention of treatment gains. This systematic scoping review mapped hypothesized mechanisms of action (MoAs) and treatment ingredients in three learning-based approaches targeting naming in aphasia: errorless learning (ELess), errorful learning (EFul), and retrieval practice (RP). The rehabilitation treatment specification system was leveraged to describe available literature and identify knowledge gaps within a unified framework.

Method:
PubMed and CINHAL were searched for studies that compared ELess, EFul, and/or RP for naming in aphasia. Independent reviewers extracted data on proposed MoAs, treatment ingredients, and outcomes.

Results:
Twelve studies compared ELess and EFul, six studies compared ELess and RP, and one study compared RP and EFul. Hebbian learning, gated Hebbian learning, effortful retrieval, and models of incremental learning via lexical access were proposed as MoAs. To maximize treatment outcomes within theorized MoAs, researchers manipulated study ingredients including cues, scheduling, and feedback. Outcomes in comparative effectiveness studies were examined to identify ingredients that may influence learning. Individual-level variables, such as cognitive and linguistic abilities, may affect treatment response; however, findings were inconsistent across studies.

Conclusions:
Significant knowledge gaps were identified and include (a) which MoAs operate during ELess, EFul, and RP; (b) which ingredients are active and engage specific MoAs; and (c) how individual-level variables may drive treatment administration. Theory-driven research can support or refute MoAs and active ingredients enabling clinicians to modify treatments within theoretical frameworks.
Chitosan nanoparticle loaded by epidermal growth factor as a potential protein carrier for wound healing: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Montazeri Samaneh , Rastegari Ali , Mohammadi Zohreh , Nazari Mahboobeh , Yousefi Maryam , Samadi Fatemeh Yazdi , Najafzadeh Somayeh , Aghsami Mehdi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF) can be efficiently used in wound healing process; but the main obstacle of its clinical use is its susceptibility to proteolysis and maintaining its effective concentration in the site of action. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles containing EGF is formulated using a simple method to increase its stability in physiological pH as well as protect its biological activity and effectiveness in wound healing process. Nanoparticles with different ratios of chitosan/EGF were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Obtained results showed nanoparticles with 2:1 ratio of chitosan/EGF were able to release 80% of encapsulated protein after 12 h. Cell proliferation study demonstrated that prepared nanoparticles could protect EGF functionality in physiological pH. In vivo results showed that nanoparticles with 2:1 ratio of chitosan/EGF could significantly accelerate the wound closure‐rate, re‐epithelialisation and collagen deposition. In conclusion, the designed nanoparticles in optimal ratio can be considered as a potential vehicle for EGF delivery to wounds with the aim of improving healing process.
The challenging direct measurement of the 65 keV resonance strength of the 17O(p, γ)18F reaction at LUNA
Authors: Gesuè Riccardo Maria ,   for the LUNA collaboration
Published: February 2023

The 17O(p, γ)18F reaction plays a crucial role in AGB nucleosynthesis as well as in explosive hydrogen burning occurring in type Ia novae. At the temperatures of interest for the former scenario ( 20MK < T < 80MK) the main contribution to the astrophysical reaction rate comes from the poorly constrained ER = 65 keV resonance. The strength of this resonance is presently determined only through indirect measurements, with an adopted value ωγ =(16 ± 3) peV.
A new high sensitivity setup was installed at LUNA, located at LNGS. The underground location of the LUNA 400kV accelerator guarantees a reduction of the cosmic ray background by several orders of magnitude. The residual background was further reduced installing a devoted shielding. On the other hand, to increase the efficiency, the 4π BGO detector was coupled with Al target chamber and holder. With more than 400C accumulated on Ta2O5 targets, nominal 17O enrichment of 90%, the LUNA collaboration has performed the first direct measurement of the 65 keV resonance strength.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Strain Elastography for Differentiating Benign and Malignant Parotid Tumors
Authors: Shi Liuhong , Wu Dingting , Yang Xu , Yan Caoxin , Huang Pintong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives Preoperative differentiation between benign parotid tumors (BPT) and malignant parotid tumors (MPT) is crucial for treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of combining contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and strain elastography (SE) for preoperative differentiation between BPT and MPT.
Methods A total of 115 patients with BPT (n=72) or MPT (n=43) who underwent ultrasound (US), SE, and CEUS were enrolled. US and CEUS features and the elasticity score were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of SE, CEUS, and SE + CEUS with respect to identifying MPT from BPT.
Results Solitary presentation, larger diameter, irregular shape, ill-defined margin, heterogeneous echogenicity, and calcification on US and higher elasticity score on SE had a significant association with malignancy. MPT also presented an unclear margin, larger size after enhancement, and “fast-in and fast-out” pattern on CEUS. The combination of SE and CEUS was effective for differentiating MPT from BPT (AUC: 0.88, 0.80–0.95), with a sensitivity of 86.0%, specificity of 88.9%, and accuracy of 87.8%, which were significantly higher than the values for SE (AUC: 0.75, 0.66–0.85) and CEUS (AUC: 0.82, 0.73–0.91) alone.
Conclusion The combination of CEUS and SE is valuable for distinguishing MPT from BPT.
Fewer Preterm Births in the First COVID-19 Pandemic Year? An Evaluation of the Berlin Perinatal Data for the Years 2017 to 2020
Authors: David Matthias , Reutter Tilman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction The study analyzes and interprets possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the preterm birth rate. Research questions included: were there fewer preterm births in
Berlin in 2020, the first year of the pandemic, compared to the three years before the pandemic? Were there differences in preterm birth rates grouped according to weeks of gestation?
Method The perinatal data of all singleton pregnancies were evaluated with regard to birth rates in Berlin, and the numbers of preterm neonates born in the three pre-pandemic years
from 2017 to 2019 were compared to the rate for 2020, the first year of the pandemic.
Results The overall number of singleton pregnancies born in maternity hospitals and labor wards in Berlin decreased in the first year of the pandemic. The percentage of preterm
neonates born before 37 + 0 weeks of gestation (GW) was significantly lower in 2020 compared to the three previous years, with significantly more preterm neonates born before 28 + 0 GW and
significantly fewer preterm neonates born between 28 + 0 to 35 + 0 GW. In 2020, significantly fewer neonates born before 37 + 0 weeks of gestation were delivered by primary caesarean
section. The incidence of induced births was approximately the same.
Conclusions In the first year of the pandemic, a range of social, iatrogenic, and biological factors may have had an impact on preterm birth rates. A Germany-wide evaluation of
perinatal data across different German federal states for the period 2020 to 2022 would offer the opportunity to identify the causes of this lower rate of preterm births and determine
whether conclusions can be drawn from this which would affect future strategies to reduce preterm birth rates.
Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes towards the Synthesis of β-Bromoethers under Metal-Free Conditions
Authors: Fu Zhengjiang , Cai Hu , Chen Feiwu , Hao Guangguo , Yi Xuezheng , Zeng Junhua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA metal-free electrochemical method for vicinal difunctionalization of various alkenes with dibromomethane in alcohol as solvent has been well established to synthesize the corresponding β-bromo-α-alkyloxyalkanes with good functional group tolerance under ambient conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate the oxidation of bromine source occurs prior to that of alkene substrate with the involvement of bromine radical during electrolysis.
An Unexpected GIST Causing Life-Threatening Bleeding after an Elective Hernia Repair
Authors: Saleem Athary , Husain Fatemah , Boushehry Reem , Alshamali Mohammed , Fahim Emad , Mohammad Khaleel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the alimentary tract. They are usually manifested by GI bleeding.
Case Presentation A 53-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital for elective inguinal hernia repair. The patient did not have any history of GI symptoms in the past. A day after open inguinal hernia repair, the patient developed recurrent attacks of hematemesis resulting in hemodynamic instability and admission to the intensive care unit. An upper GI endoscopy identified a small bleeding gastric lesion. After multiple failed attempts to control the bleeding endoscopically, an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed. An unexpected large fungating bleeding gastric mass was detected. The mass measured approximately 40 × 30 cm, and multiple peritoneal deposits were also discovered. A wedge resection of the anterior gastric wall along with the mass was performed. Histopathology revealed a high-grade (G2) GIST.
Discussion GISTs appear in variable sizes and may lead to a variety of complications including abdominal pain, GI obstruction, and bleeding. This case highlights the unexpected presentation and sudden bleeding of a large GIST in a totally asymptomatic patient undergoing elective hernia surgery. It also illustrates that GIST can be asymptomatic and grow to large sizes before developing clinical manifestations.
Conclusion The case report highlights a common complication of GIST with unexpected timing, immediately after routine hernia surgery.
Prognostic Impact of the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Score in Sepsis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Frank Christian Sandberg , Larsen Julie Brogaard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are widely used for DIC diagnosis. However, the prognostic value of the score may vary between different patient populations and settings. This systematic review investigated the association between the ISTH DIC score and mortality in sepsis patients. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase. Inclusion criteria were studies including adult and pediatric patients hospitalized with sepsis, using any sepsis definition, and investigating the association between mortality and the ISTH DIC score. The review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. In total, 42 studies were included. A positive association between the ISTH DIC score and mortality was consistently reported, with odds ratios of death in DIC versus non-DIC patients ranging from 1.125 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.838–1.511) to 21.008 (95% CI: 1.408–313.405) in adults and from 1.378 (95% CI: 1.004–1.893) to 2.99 (95% CI: 0.54–16.6) in pediatric populations. However, the DIC score only had a low-moderate positive predictive value for mortality, as area under receiver-operator characteristics ranged from 0.602 (95% CI: 0.575–0.630) to 0.815 (95% CI: 0.676–0.954) in adults. Of note, only few studies adjusted for potential confounders such as age, gender, and comorbidity. The ISTH DIC score is consistently associated with sepsis-related mortality but is not a strong positive predictor for mortality. Nevertheless, the score may still have a prognostic value and its use in sepsis is encouraged.
Columellar Lengthening in Primary and Secondary Rhinoplasty for Binder's Syndrome: A Fresh Perspective
Authors: Agrawal Kapil , Shrotriya Raghav 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBinder's syndrome is a developmental disorder with a short columella and nasal base flaring among the many features that have been described. Since the nose occupies the central position over the face, these features appear as a major cosmetic deformity for which patients seek correction. Traditionally various designs of V–Y advancement flap from the upper lip have been described, but they are not without problems. In this article, the authors have discussed a novel design that can mitigate those problems and also described a method of providing additional vascular safety in case of secondary rhinoplasty.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Aseptic Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Klemt Christian , Yeo Ingwon , Harvey Michael , Burns Jillian C , Melnic Christopher , Uzosike Akachimere Cosmas , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for aseptic failure is associated with poor outcomes, patient morbidity, and high health care expenditures. The aim of this study was to develop novel machine learning algorithms for the prediction of PJI following revision TKA for patients with aseptic indications for revision surgery. A single-institution database consisting of 1,432 consecutive revision TKA patients with aseptic etiologies was retrospectively identified. The patient cohort included 208 patients (14.5%) who underwent re-revision surgery for PJI. Three machine learning algorithms (artificial neural networks, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors) were developed to predict this outcome and these models were assessed by discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis. This is a retrospective study. Among the three machine learning models, the neural network model achieved the best performance across discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.78), calibration, and decision curve analysis. The strongest predictors for PJI following revision TKA for aseptic reasons were prior open procedure prior to revision surgery, drug abuse, obesity, and diabetes. This study utilized machine learning as a tool for the prediction of PJI following revision TKA for aseptic failure with excellent performance. The validated machine learning models can aid surgeons in patient-specific risk stratifying to assist in preoperative counseling and clinical decision making for patients undergoing aseptic revision TKA.
Аre Multivisceral Resections for Gastric Cancer Acceptable: Experience from a High Volume Center and Extended Literature Review?
Authors: Vladov Nikola , Trichkov Tsvetan , Mihaylov Vassil , Takorov Ivelin , Kostadinov Radoslav , Lukanova Tsonka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction Multivisceral resections (MVRs) in gastric cancer are potentially curable in selected patients in whom clear resection margins are possible. However, there are still uncertain data on their feasibility and safety considering short- and long-term results. The study compares survival, morbidity, mortality, and other secondary outcomes between standard and MVRs for gastric cancer.Materials and Methods A monocentric retrospective study in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, covering 2004 to 2020. Of the 336 operable cases, 101 patients underwent MVRs. The remaining 235 underwent standard gastric resections (SGRs), of which 173 patients were in stage T3/T4. To compare survival, a control group of 101 patients with palliative procedures was used—bypass anastomosis or exploration.Results MVR had a lower survival rate than the SGR but significantly higher than the palliative procedures. The predominant gender in MVR was male (72.3%), with a mean age of 61 years. The perioperative mortality was 3.96% (n = 4), and the overall median survival was 28.1 months. The most frequently resected organs were the spleen (67.3%), followed by the pancreas (32.7%) and the liver (20.8%). In 56.4% of the cases two organs were resected, in 28.7% three organs, and in 13.9% four organs. The main complication was bleeding (9.9%). The major postoperative complications in the MVR were 14.85%, and in the SGR 6.4% (p < 0.05). Better long-term results were observed in patients who underwent R0 resections compared with R1.Conclusion Multiorgan resections are characterized by poorer survival and a higher complication rate than gastrectomies. On the other hand, they have better long-term outcomes than palliative procedures. However, MVRs are admissible when performed by an experienced surgical team in high-volume centers.
Prediction of new spin-forbidden transitions in the N2 molecule—the electric dipole A′5Σg+ → A3Σu+ and magnetic dipole a′1Σu−← A3Σu+ transitions
Authors: Minaev Boris , da Silva Ramon S. , Panchenko Olexander , Ågren Hans 
Published: February 2023

On the ground of multi-reference configuration interaction calculations with an account of spin–orbit coupling, we have predicted the probability of two unknown spin-forbidden transitions in the spectrum of the N2 molecule: the electric dipole A′5Σg+ → A3Σu+ emission system and the magnetic dipole a′1Σu− ← A3Σu+ transition. The radiative lifetime of the lowest A′5Σg+ sublevel is less than a microsecond; the magnetic transition induced by the spin current in the triplet state is predicted with relatively low oscillator strength (f = 10−10), which still could be detectable.
Phase stability and coercivity in La2Fe14B magnet
Authors: Liu X. B. , Nlebedim I. C. 
Published: February 2023

Critical rare-earth free La2Fe14B (2:14:1) has the potential to be a gap permanent magnet. However, La2Fe14B decomposes into La, α-Fe, and LaFe4B4 phases below 1067 K. The phase stability and coercivity have been studied in La2Fe14B magnet using first principles DFT (density functional theory) calculation and micromagnetic simulation. For a perfect La2Fe14 B cube (edge length of 256 nm) without any structural defects and soft magnetic secondary phases, the coercivity (8.5 kOe) is reduced to ∼40% of its magnetocrystalline anisotropy field (HA = 20 kOe). Further, the coercivity sharply reduces to 3.2 kOe upon forming a thin layer (2 nm) of α-Fe on the surface of the La2Fe14B cube particle. The DFT calculations indicate that a partial replacement of La by other rare-earth (RE) elements can enhance the structural stability of 2:14:1. The gains in cohesive energy are 0.75, 0.10, and 0.33 eV per formula unit in (La0.5RE0.5)2Fe14B with RE = Ce, Pr, and Nd, respectively. Stabilizing the 2:14:1 structure and mitigating the formation of soft magnetic structural defects or impurity phases such as α-Fe is necessary to develop La2Fe14B based magnet, which can be moderately achieved via partial substitution of La by other rare earth elements such as Ce, Pr, and Nd.
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and Gilbert damping of two-dimensional half-metallic RhX2 (X = I, Br, Cl) ferromagnets: Density functional theory study
Authors: Bhardwaj Sunayana , Kuanr Bijoy K. , Ghosh Ram Krishna 
Published: February 2023

This work studies the monolayer rhodium dihalides family, RhX2 (where X = I, Br, Cl), using density functional theory. We first calculate the spin-polarized electronic band structure, revealing a wide intrinsic half-metallic gap (&gt;1.1 eV) in the down spin bands of RhX2 monolayers. We then calculate the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (EMCA) and Gilbert damping (α), which originate from the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) phenomenon. We use the force theorem for EMCA calculation that results in substantial in-plane anisotropy in RhI2 (−2.31 meV/unit cell) and RhBr2 (−0.52 meV/unit cell), whereas small perpendicular anisotropy in RhCl2 (0.04 meV/unit cell) monolayers. To calculate α, we employ the Kambersky’s torque–torque correlation model and it comes out relatively low (i.e., 0.0212, 0.0079, and 0.0040 for RhI2, RhBr2, and RhCl2, respectively). The Curie temperature of these crystals is calculated using the Ising model and spin-wave theory. This work highlights the importance of 2D RhX2 half-metallic ferromagnets in the fabrication of future nanoscale spintronic devices.