bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusarium graminearum Effector FgNls1 Targets Plant Nuclei to Induce Wheat Head Blight
Authors: Hao Guixia , Naumann Todd A. , Chen Hui , Bai Guihua , McCormick Susan , Kim Hye-Seon , Tian Bin , Trick Harold N. , Naldrett Michael J. , Proctor Robert 
Published: February 2023

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and barley worldwide. Effectors suppress host immunity and promote disease development. The genome of F. graminearum contains hundreds of effectors with unknown function. Therefore, investigations of the functions of these effectors will facilitate developing novel strategies to enhance wheat resistance to FHB. We characterized a F. graminearum effector, FgNls1, containing a signal peptide and multiple eukaryotic nuclear localization signals. A fusion protein of green fluorescent protein and FgNls1 accumulated in plant cell nuclei when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. FgNls1 suppressed Bax-induced cell death when co-expressed in N. benthamiana. We revealed that the expression of FgNLS1 was induced in wheat spikes infected with F. graminearum. The Fgnls1 mutants significantly reduced initial infection and FHB spread within a spike. The function of FgNLS1 was restored in the Fgnls1-complemented strains. Wheat histone 2B was identified as an interacting protein by FgNls1-affinity chromatography. Furthermore, transgenic wheat plants that silence FgNLS1 expression had significantly lower FHB severity than control plants. This study demonstrates a critical role of FgNls1 in F. graminearum pathogenesis and indicates that host-induced gene silencing targeting F. graminearum effectors is a promising approach to enhance FHB resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Oxidized Zirconium Versus Cobalt Chromium for Primary TKA: No Difference in Midterm Revision Rates From the American Joint Replacement Registry
Authors: Gowd Anirudh K. , Bang Katrina E. , Bullock Garrett S. , Luo Tianyi D. , Matthews John H. , Rosas Samuel , Shields John S. , Plate Johannes F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Cobalt chromium (CoCr) is the most commonly used material in TKA; however, the use of oxidized zirconium (OxZr) implants has increased. The advantages to this material demonstrated in basic science studies have not been borne out in clinical studies to date.

Question/purpose
In the setting of the American Joint Replacement Registry (AJRR), how do revision rates differ between CoCr and OxZr after primary TKA?

Methods
The AJRR was accessed for all primary TKAs performed between 2012 and 2020 for osteoarthritis, resulting in 441,605 procedures (68,506 with OxZr and 373,099 with CoCr). The AJRR is the largest joint replacement registry worldwide and collects procedure-specific details, making it ideal for large-scale comparisons of implant materials in the United States. Competing risk survival analyses were used to evaluate the all-cause revision rates of primary TKAs, comparing CoCr and OxZr implants. Data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims from 2012 to 2017 were also cross-referenced to capture additional revisions from other institutions. Revision rates were tabulated and subclassified by indication. Multivariate Cox regression was used to account for confounding variables such as age, gender, region, and hospital size.

Results
After controlling for confounding variables, there were no differences between the OxZr and CoCr groups in terms of the rate of all-cause revision at a mean follow-up of 46 ± 23 months and 44 ± 24 months for CoCr and OxZr implants, respectively (hazard ratio 1.055 [95% confidence interval 0.979 to 1.137]; p = 0.16) The univariate analysis demonstrated increased rates of revisions for pain and instability in the OxZr group (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
These findings suggest there is no difference in all-cause revision between OxZr and CoCr implants in the short-term to mid-term. However, further long-term in vivo studies are needed to monitor the safety and all-cause revision rate of OxZr implants compared with those of CoCr implants. OxZr implants may be favorable in patients who have sensitivity to metal. Despite similar short-term to mid-term all-cause revision rates to CoCr implants, because of the limitations of this study, definitive recommendations for or against the use of OxZr cannot be made.

Level of Evidence
Level III, therapeutic study.
Risk Factors and Characteristics of Candidemia After Cardiac Surgery in Pediatric Patients in Central Israel
Authors: Kahan Yaara , Tope Samantha G. , Ovadia Adi , Shpring Adi , Shatzman-Steuerman Rachel , Sherman Gilad , Barkai Galia , Mandelberg Avigdor , Armoni-Domany Keren , Tasher Diana 
Published: February 2023

Background:Candidemia is a serious complication in pediatric patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) after cardiac surgery. Information about the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors for candidemia in this vulnerable population remains limited.Methods:This retrospective case–control study was conducted in 2 pediatric intensive care units between 2004 and 2019. All patients <18 years old who developed candidemia following cardiac surgery were included. Each case was matched with 2 control patients based on age and date of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors for postoperative candidemia.Results:Thirty-five candidemia cases were identified and matched to 70 control cases. The incidence of candidemia was 6.3 episodes per 1000 admissions. The median age for candidemia cases was 4 months. The attributable mortality was 28.5%. The predominant (54%) pathogens isolated were non-albicans Candidaspecies, of whichC. parapsilosisisolates demonstrated high resistance to fluconazole (70%). Independent risk factors associated with candidemia included cumulative antibiotic exposure for ≥4 days [OR: −4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–14.6;P= 0.02], the need for total parenteral nutrition or peritoneal dialysis (OR: −6.1; 95% CI: 2–18.8;P= 0.001), male sex (OR: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.9–20.3;P= 0.002) and delayed sternal closure≥2 days (OR: −3.2; 95% CI: 1–11.2;P= 0.05).Conclusions:Postoperative candidemia in children with CHD is an uncommon but severe complication. Our study revealed an unexpectedly high frequency of fluconazole-resistantC. parapsilosisas the main cause of non-albicanscandidemia. In addition to confirming previously recognized risk factors, our results reveal new potential risk factors such as delayed sternal closure and male sex.
Neurologic Manifestations of Influenza in Children
Authors: Pozailov Shani , Elamour Siham , Noyman Iris , Ben-Shimol Shalom 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
We assessed the neurologic manifestation of influenza among hospitalized children with influenza (neuro-flu), comparing their demographic and clinical characteristics to hospitalized children without neurologic manifestation (classic-flu).

Methods:
A retrospective, cohort study. All children with laboratory confirmed influenza (PCR), admitted to the Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) between 2016 and 2019 were included.

Results:
Overall, 951 patients were identified: 201 with neuro-flu, and 750 with classic-flu. Seizures (n = 125) were the most common neurological manifestation of neuro-flu (seizure-flu): 73 simple febrile seizures, 45 atypical febrile seizures, and 7 afebrile seizures. Neurological comorbidities rates were significantly higher in neuro-flu versus classic-flu (13.0% vs. 6.0%), while respiratory and cardiac comorbidities were less common in neuro-flu (4.5% and 0.5% vs. 8.0% and 4.5%, respectively). Neuro-flu (compared with classic-flu) was associated with leukocytosis (21.0% vs. 13.0%, P < 0.001) and lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (2.4 ± 4.1 vs. 3.3 ± 5.4, P = 0.03). Notably, patients with classic flu had a more prominent respiratory disease, as they had more chest radiographs (CXR) performed (60.5% vs. 45.0%, P < 0.001), higher rates of pneumonia (27.0% vs. 12.0%, P < 0.001), and antibiotic (antibacterial) treatment (60.0% vs. 42.0%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Influenza can appear as a neurologic disease, manifested mainly with febrile seizures. Children with neuro-flu have more neurologic comorbidities, suggesting that neuro-flu is mainly driven by host-factors, rather than by pathogen-factors. The relatively lower rates of pneumonia in neuro-flu suggests that these patients are admitted in the early stage of the influenza infection, which triggers the neurologic response.
Prediction of postoperative effective lens position using iris root depth in primary angle-closure diseases
Authors: Ding Yujie , Hou Min , Liu Liangping , Mao Yan , Liu Xing , Wu Mingxing 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the role of a new parameter, iris root depth (IRD), in intraocular lens power calculation using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in primary angle-closure diseases (PACDs), and to compare the accuracy of 6 formulas in PACDs: Barrett Universal II (BUII), Haigis, Hill-Radial Basis Function (RBF) v. 3.0, Hoffer Q, Kane and Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical (SRK)/T.

Setting:
Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China.

Design:
Retrospective consecutive case series.

Methods:
Patients diagnosed with PACDs who had undergone cataract surgery were reviewed to first evaluate the performance of 6 formulas. Then preoperative UBM examinations of 58 eyes were used to measure IRD and predict effective lens position (ELP) to generate the HaigisIRD formula. The accuracy of HaigisIRD was compared with BUII, Haigis and Kane formulas. The SD of predicted error was the main indicator evaluating formula performance, according to heteroscedastic analysis.

Results:
103 eyes (103 patients) were included. The SDs of Kane (0.59, P = .01), RBF 3.0 (0.61, P = .02) and SRK/T formula (0.62, P = .04) were significantly lower than Hoffer Q. Modified with IRD, HaigisIRD generated the lowest SD (0.41), which was significantly lower than Haigis formula (0.54, P = .03) and was equal to Kane formula (0.45, P = .37).

Conclusions:
Kane, RBF 3.0 and SRK/T were more accurate in PACD eyes. Optimized with IRD, HaigisIRD formula achieved the lowest SD and had comparable accuracy with Kane formula. IRD could be a promising parameter to improve accuracy of IOL power calculation for PACDs.
Weathering the Storm
Authors: Haezebrouck Evan , Yorke Amy M. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed hospital systems. Frontline workers, including physical therapists, experienced multiple challenges impacting job satisfaction. The Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) measures constructs related to workplace quality of life.

Purpose:
To describe levels of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue (consisting of burnout and secondary trauma) among a similar cohort of acute care physical therapy staff prior to and approximately 1 year into the pandemic.

Methods:
Cross-sectional online survey methodology using the ProQOL was completed. A convenience sample of acute care physical therapy professionals employed at a large Midwestern academic medical center was surveyed at separate time points in 2018 (prepandemic) and 2021 (pandemic).

Results:
A total of 54 (2018) and 53 (2021) acute care physical therapy professionals completed the survey. Overall, respondents reported moderate to high levels of compassion satisfaction with low to moderate levels of burnout and secondary trauma at both periods, consistent with other previously reported health care professionals. However, the respondents exhibited a shift toward worsening compassion fatigue, with increasing levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress, and a decreased level of compassion satisfaction.

Conclusions:
Describing the professional quality of life in a cohort of acute care physical therapy professionals before and during the pandemic provides a foundation of further understanding burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Future studies could be completed longitudinally to track changes in acute care physical therapy staff and explore effective support strategies.
On the Cutting Edge
Authors: Rimbos Kristine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Myelomeningocele is a complex medical diagnosis that, when discovered prenatally, allows for the option of maternal–fetal surgery aimed at improving long-term outcomes. Significant advancements have been made in prenatal myelomeningocele surgical techniques that reduce morbidity and mortality for the pregnant person and their child. The pathway to prenatal surgery consists of in-depth obstetric and fetal assessment partnered with intense family education and counseling. Fetal care centers provide specialized care of families undergoing assessment, diagnosis, and prenatal and postnatal treatment of spina bifida. The counseling process in a fetal care center is unique, comprehensive, and directed to ensure families receive multidisciplinary care and support that is individualized to their specific needs and concerns.
COVID-19 Vaccination and Hospitalization Among Persons Living With Diagnosed HIV in New York State
Authors: Rosenthal Elizabeth M. , Patterson Wendy , Chicoine Joyce , Dorabawila Vajeera , Adamashvili Natalia , Rajulu Deepa T. , Rosenberg Eli S. , Tesoriero James M. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Persons living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH) have higher COVID-19 diagnoses rates and poorer COVID-19–related outcomes than persons living without diagnosed HIV. The intersection of COVID-19 vaccination status and likelihood of severe COVID-19 outcomes has not been fully investigated for PLWDH.

Setting:
New York State (NYS).

Methods:
We matched HIV surveillance, immunization, and hospitalization databases to compare COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19–related hospitalizations among PLWDH during B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) predominance.

Results:
Through March 4, 2022, 69,137 of the 101,205 (68%) PLWDH were fully vaccinated or boosted for COVID-19. PLWDH who were virally suppressed or in care were more often to be fully vaccinated or boosted compared with PLWDH who were not virally suppressed (77% vs. 44%) or without evidence of care (74% vs. 33%). Overall hospitalization rates were lower among virally suppressed PLWDH. During Delta predominance, PLWDH with any vaccination history who were in care had lower hospitalization rates compared with those not in care; during Omicron predominance, this was the case only for boosted PLWDH.

Conclusions:
Approximately 28% (28,255) of PLWDH in NYS remained unvaccinated for COVID-19, a rate roughly double of that observed in the overall adult NYS population. PLWDH of color were more often than non-Hispanic White persons to be unvaccinated, as were the virally unsuppressed and those without evidence of HIV-related care, threatening to expand existing disparities in COVID-19–related outcomes. Vaccination was protective against COVID-19–related hospitalizations for PLWDH; however, differences in hospitalization rates between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated PLWDH were smaller than those among all New Yorkers.
The development and usability testing of two arts-based knowledge translation tools for parents of children with functional constipation
Authors: Thompson Alison , Le Anne , Hartling Lisa , Scott Shannon D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPediatric functional constipation (FC) is a common childhood problem that involves difficult or painful defecation and can be caused by a variety of different factors. In children, FC is often unrecognized and poorly treated, and has potential to cause abdominal pain, appetite suppression, loss of control over defecation, and family disruption. A recent interpretive description qualitative study found that parents who care for children with FC often experience a myriad of negative sentiments, including isolation and self-doubt. Furthermore, parents often have unanswered questions about the condition, particularly regarding the cause, symptoms, and treatment options. As such, more effective knowledge translation (KT) tools are needed to satisfy parental information needs.The purpose of this research was to collaborate with parents to develop and test the usability of two animated KT tools (video and interactive infographic) on FC in children. Prototypes were co-developed with parents, and then evaluated by parents through usability testing in a large Alberta emergency department waiting room. Usability was assessed based on nine items with responses on a five-point Likert scale from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. Overall, results were positive and the tools were highly rated across most usability items. Mean scores across usability items were 4.20 to 4.59 for the video and 3.73 to 4.30 for the infographic. The scores from the usability testing suggest arts-based digital tools are useful in sharing complex health information with parents about FC and provide meaningful guidance on how to improve KT tools to better reflect the needs of parents of children with FC.
Fast, accurate and robust sparse-view CT reconstruction via residual-guided Golub-Kahan iterative reconstruction technique (RGIRT)
Authors: Zhang Jianru , Wang Zhe , Cao Tuoyu , Cao Guohua , Ren Wuwei , Jiang Jiahua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReduction of projection views in X-ray computed tomography (CT) can protect patients from over exposure to ionizing radiation, thus is highly attractive for clinical applications. However, image reconstruction for sparse-view CT which aims to produce decent images from few projection views remains a challenge. To address this, we propose a Residual-guided Golub-Kahan Iterative Reconstruction Technique (RGIRT). RGIRT utilizes an inner-outer dual iteration framework, with a flexible least square QR (FLSQR) algorithm implemented in the inner iteration and a restarted iterative scheme applied in the outer iteration. The inner FLSQR employs a flexible Golub-Kahan (FGK) bidiagonalization method to reduce the dimension of the inverse problem, and a weighted generalized cross-validation (WGCV) method to adaptively estimate the regularization hyper-parameter. The inner iteration efficiently yields the intermediate reconstruction result, while the outer iteration minimizes the residual and refines the solution by using the result obtained from the inner iteration. Reconstruction performance of RGIRT is evaluated and compared to other reference methods (FBPConvNet, SART-TV, and FLSQR) using realistic mouse cardiac micro-CT data. Experiment results demonstrate RGIRT’s merits for sparse-view CT reconstruction in high accuracy, efficient computation, and stable convergence.
The Mechanism of Effort Intolerance in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: a Combined Stress Echocardiography and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test
Authors: Ghantous Eihab , Shetrit Aviel , Erez Yonatan , Zamanzadeh Ryan S. , Zahler David , Granot Yoav , Levi Erez , Laufer Perl Michal , Banai Shmuel , Topilsky Yan , Havakuk Ofer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundData to delineate exercise intolerance in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are scarce. We used a combined stress echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to explore effort intolerance in PAD.MethodsTwenty-eight patients who had both PAD and coronary artery disease (CAD) were compared with sex and age-matched 31 CAD patients and 15 normal controls using a symptom-limited ramp bicycle CPET on a tilting dedicated ergometer. Echocardiographic images were obtained concurrently with gas exchange measurements along predefined stages of exercise. Oxygen extraction was calculated using the Fick equation: (VO2)/(echocardiography-calculated cardiac output) at each activity level.ResultsAlong stages of exercise (unloaded; anaerobic threshold; peak), in PAD+CADF patients compared with CAD or controls: diastolic function worsened (E/e’ 13.2±3.1 vs 9.3±2.4 vs 9.6±4; 16.6±4.3 vs 10.4±2.5 vs 9.1±3.8; 15.8±4 vs 11.9±2.9 vs 9.1±4.1), and oxygen consumption (6.1±1.4 vs 5.8±1.9 vs 6.5±2.5;14.2±1.8 vs 17.1±2.9 vs 18.1±3.3; 14.9±2 vs 19.3±2.5 vs 22±3.6 ml/kg/min) and oxygen pulse (6.5±1.9 vs 6.5±2 vs 6.6±2.3; 8.2±1.8 vs 10±2.4 vs 8.1±2.3; 8.1±2.2 vs 11.1±2 vs 11.7±2.6ml/beat) were reduced. Notably, oxygen pulse was blunted due to an insufficient increase in both stroke volume (89±11 vs 92±11 vs 92±13; 95±10 vs 104±9 vs 103±11; 86±10 vs 97±10 vs 98±11ml) and oxygen extraction (0.06±0.03 vs 0.07±0.03 vs 0.07±0.03; 0.09±0.03 vs 0.12±0.03 vs 0.12±0.03; 0.09±0.03 vs 0.13±0.03 vs 0.13±0.03l/l). Chronotropic incompetence was more prevalent in PAD patients and persisted after correction for beta-blockers use (62% vs 42% and 11% respectively). Reduced ventilatory efficiency (peak VE/VCO2 36.8±4.9 vs 31.5±4 vs 30.5±5l/l) and reduced mechanical efficiency (slope of oxygen consumption/work rate 8.96±0.42 vs 10.37±0.41 vs 10.8±0.49l/W) were found.ConclusionExercise limitation is affected by diastolic dysfunction, chronotropic incompetence and peripheral factors in PAD patients.Clinical perspectivesPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by exercise intolerance. Yet, the mechanism behind this limitation is not well characterized. We show here that effort limitation in PAD is caused by a combination of central and peripheral cardiovascular factors including diastolic dysfunction, chronotropic incompetence and insufficient peripheral muscle oxygen extraction. These data may assist targeting future therapeutic measures.
Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal adaptation of an extremophilic red algaCyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Marchetto Francesca , Santaeufemia Sergio , Lebiedzińska-Arciszewska Magdalena , Śliwińska Małgorzata A. , Pich Magdalena , Kurek Eliza , Naziębło Aleksandra , Strawski Marcin , Solymosi Daniel , Szklarczyk Marek , Bulska Ewa , Szymański Jędrzej , Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Allahverdiyeva-Rinne Yagut , Więckowski Mariusz R. , Kargul Joanna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe order of Cyanidiales comprise seven acido-thermophilic red microalgal species thriving in hot springs of volcanic origin characterized by extremely low pH, moderately high temperatures and the presence of elevated concentrations of sulphites and heavy metals that are prohibitive for most other organisms. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of Cyanidiales long-term adaptation to such hostile environments, in particular to heavy metals, yet elucidation of these processes is important for understanding the evolution of the metabolic pathways underlying heavy metal detoxification for developing rational strategies for heavy metal bioremediation. Here, we investigated the long-term adaptive responses ofCyanidioschyzon merolaecells, a member of Cyanidiales, to extremely high nickel concentrations. Through complementary approaches based on physiological, microscopic and elemental analyses we dissect several molecular mechanisms underlying the long-term adaptation of this model extremophilic microalga to high Ni exposure. These include: (i) extrusion of Ni from the cells and lack of significant Ni accumulation inside the cells; (ii) maintenance of efficient photoprotective responses including non-photochemical quenching and state transitions; (iii) dynamic remodeling of the chloroplast ultrastructure such as formation of metabolically active prolamellar bodies and plastoglobuli together with loosening of the thylakoid membranes; (iv) activation of ROS amelioration metabolic pathways; and (v) preservation of the efficient respiratory chain functionality. All the dynamically regulated processes identified in this study underlie the remarkable adaptability ofC. merolaeto extremely high Ni levels that exceed by several orders of magnitude the levels of this heavy metal found in the natural environment of this extremophile.