bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term outcomes of robot‐assisted versus thoracoscopic‐assisted Mckeown esophagectomy
Authors: Meng Yu‐Qi , Li Bin , Wang Cheng , Jiang Peng , Song Tie‐Niu , Feng Hai‐Ming , Lin Jun‐Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThoracoscopic‐assisted and robot‐assisted Mckeown esophagectomy are currently two common surgical methods, but there is no clear statement on the advantages and disadvantages of the two.MethodsThis study conducted a single‐centre retrospective analysis of esophageal cancer patients diagnosed and treated at Lanzhou University Second Hospital from 1 February 2020 to 31 July 2022. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 126 patients were finally included in the RAM group and 169 patients in the TAM group.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the RAM and TAM groups in the number of lymph node dissections, operative time, the length of stay in the intensive care unit after surgery, the incidence of hoarseness, postoperative pulmonary complications, surgery‐related complications, use of opioids after surgery, the length of postoperative hospital stay, and 30‐day mortality.ConclusionsRAM is a minimally invasive alternative to TAM and has similar short‐term oncological efficacy.
Multiposture leg tracking for temporarily vision restricted environments based on fusion of laser and radar sensor data
Authors: Mandischer Nils , Hou Ruikun , Corves Burkhard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLeg tracking is an established field in mobile robotics and machine vision in general. These algorithms, however, only distinguish the scene between leg and nonleg detections. In application fields like firefighting, where people tend to choose squatting or crouching over standing postures, those methods will inevitably fail. Further, tracking based on a single sensor system may reduce the overall reliability if brought to outdoor or complex environments with limited vision on the target objectives. Therefore, we extend our recent work to a multiposture detection system based on laser and radar sensors, that are fused to allow for maximal reliability and accuracy in scenarios as complex as indoor firefighting with vastly limited vision. The proposed tracking pipeline is trained and extensively validated on a new data set. We show that the radar tracker reaches state‐of‐the‐art performance, and that laser and fusion tracker outperform recent methods.
The internalisation of the circular economy and ESG in Brazilian B Corps from the perspective of the Stakeholder Theory
Authors: Marcon Maiara , Provensi Taís , Sehnem Simone , Campos Lucila M. S. , Queiroz Adriane Angelica Farias Santos Lopes 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Circular Economy (CE) has been gaining attention as a means to reduce dependency on raw materials and achieve social, economic, and environmental outcomes. B Corporations aim to generate a positive impact, and by seeking certification that validates this premise, they are evaluated in aspects of governance, environment, customers, community, and workers. Such assessment demonstrates attention to various stakeholders and can promote good practices. This research aims to analyse how the circular economy is being internalised in Brazilian B Corps from the perspective of Stakeholder Theory. A total of 264 Brazilian B Corporations were identified, which constitute the units of analysis for the case study. Seventy‐six of these responded to questionnaires, and 12 B Corps participated in semi‐structured interviews. The results suggest that: (i) circular economy actions through the ReSOLVE framework are partially implemented by B Corps; (ii) circular economy practices require engagement with stakeholders, especially for the share and cycle actions of the ReSOLVE framework that mainly involve customers and the community; (iii) government and consumers were identified as key stakeholders for accelerating the circular economy. The contributions of this study include: (i) presentation of a typology that brings together exploratory theoretical propositions about strategic stakeholders, circular economy assumptions, and business models of B Corps; (ii) correlation between the ReSOLVE framework, B Impact Assessment, and stakeholder theory; (iii) identification of key stakeholders for accelerating the transition to the circular economy. For future studies, it is suggested to further investigate organisations with a high percentage of adoption of ReSOLVE framework actions to identify how stakeholders engage in environmental best practices.
Resilience resources, life stressors, and postpartum depressive symptoms in a community sample of low and middle‐income Black, Latina, and White mothers
Authors: Julian Melissa , Somers Jennifer A. , Dunkel Schetter Christine , Guardino Christine M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResilience resources refer to factors that protect against the physical and mental health effects of stress exposure. This study used a cross‐sectional design to test whether three individual‐level resilience resources—mastery, self‐esteem, and perceived social support—moderated associations between prenatal major life stressors and postpartum depressive symptoms at approximately 8 weeks postpartum. Participants were 2510 low‐ and middle‐income women enrolled after the birth of a baby in a multi‐site study of five communities in the United States. At approximately 8 weeks postpartum, participants were interviewed in their homes to assess the three resilience resources, symptoms of depression, and major life stressors that had occurred during the pregnancy. The results of path analyses revealed that mastery and self‐esteem moderated the positive association between prenatal life stressors and postpartum depressive symptoms adjusting for race/ethnicity, partner status, years of education, and household income. Perceived social support was associated with fewer postpartum depressive symptoms but did not moderate the association between life stressors and depressive symptoms. Higher levels of two personal resilience resources, mastery and self‐esteem, attenuated the association between prenatal life stressors and early postpartum depressive symptoms in a large, predominantly low‐income multi‐site community sample. These findings highlight the protective nature of individual‐level resilience resources in the early postpartum period when maternal adjustment shapes parent and child health outcomes.
FePSe3‐Nanosheets‐Integrated Cryogenic‐3D‐Printed Multifunctional Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Synergistic Therapy of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Xu Chao , Xia Yuhao , Zhuang Pengzhen , Liu Wenliang , Mu Congpu , Liu Zhongyuan , Wang Jianglin , Chen Lili , Dai Honglian , Luo Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClinical treatment of osteosarcoma encounters great challenges of postsurgical tumor recurrence and extensive bone defect. To develop an advanced artificial bone substitute that can achieve synergistic bone regeneration and tumor therapy for osteosarcoma treatment, a multifunctional calcium phosphate composite enabled by incorporation of bioactive FePSe3‐nanosheets within the cryogenic‐3D‐printed α‐tricalcium phosphate scaffold (TCP‐FePSe3) is explored. The TCP‐FePSe3 scaffold exhibits remarkable tumor ablation ability due to the excellent NIR‐II (1064 nm) photothermal property of FePSe3‐nanosheets. Moreover, the biodegradable TCP‐FePSe3 scaffold can release selenium element to suppress tumor recurrence by activating of the caspase‐dependent apoptosis pathway. In a subcutaneous tumor model, it is demonstrated that tumors can be efficiently eradicated via the combination treatment with local photothermal ablation and the antitumor effect of selenium element. Meanwhile, in a rat calvarial bone defect model, the superior angiogenesis and osteogenesis induced by TCP‐FePSe3 scaffold have been observed in vivo. The TCP‐FePSe3 scaffold possesses improved capability to promote the repair of bone defects via vascularized bone regeneration, which is induced by the bioactive ions of Fe, Ca, and P released during the biodegradation of the implanted scaffolds. The TCP‐FePSe3 composite scaffolds fabricated by cryogenic‐3D‐printing illustrate a distinctive strategy to construct multifunctional platform for osteosarcoma treatment.
Can Enzyme‐Resistant Starch Snack Prevent Blood Glucose Fluctuations? A Pilot Trial in Patients with Insulin‐Treated Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cesur Fatih , Seçkiner Selda , Kucukerdonmez Ozge , Cagindi Ozlem , Saygili Lütfiye Füsun , Meseri Reci 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to compare the effect of enzyme‐resistant starch flour (ERSF) and standard wheat flour (SWF) bagels given as a mid‐afternoon snack on blood glucose (BG) levels in patients with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). First, bagels containing 15 g of carbohydrates are prepared using ERSF or SWF. Then, the effect of bagels prepared using SWF or ERSF on BG levels is examined through clinical research. A continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) device is placed and then, the patients are given three packages of bagels that are visually similar and are asked to consume the red package (SWF bagel) on the first day and blue packages (ERSF bagels) on the second and third days as a mid‐afternoon snack, without consuming anything else. The increase in BG from ERSF is less than that caused by SWF bagel consumption, and SWF is found to have higher BG averages than ERSF (ERSF: 150 mg dL−1, SWF: 170 mg dL−1). Patients stated that they like the taste and do not feel any discomfort while consuming ERSF bagels. ERSF bagels have higher fiber content and cause more even fluctuations in BG levels than SWF bagels. Food fortification using ERSF foods can be recommended for patients with T2DM.
Proposal and application of structural soundness monitoring system for the buckling‐restrained brace using steel mortar planks
Authors: Fujita Masanori , Awazu Kengo , Nakamura Makoto , Yamasaki Kokoro , Iwata Mamoru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA structural soundness monitoring system for building steel structures is effective for a quick inspection just after large earthquakes. A damage‐controlled structure can be monitored effectively because damage is strictly concentrated in energy‐absorbed members, and that, in this case, the physical quantity suitable for monitoring is displacements of those energy absorbed members. Buckling‐restrained braces (also, the BRB using steel mortar planks, BRBSM), one of the energy‐absorption members, can be directly monitored by the monitoring sensor; it will be possible to quickly evaluate the extent of damage and make a prompt decision on the replacement. Focusing on functionality of a structural soundness monitoring system, a damage evaluation method of the BRB using steel mortar planks and its corresponding monitoring system are verified conducting by a cyclic loading test. It is demonstrated that the cumulative plastic strain energy can be estimated approximately using this system, and this system is adapted to a mid‐rise steel building.
On the typification of the Linnaean name Crepis foetida (Asteraceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Iberite Mauro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Linnaean name Crepis foetida is lectotypified with an illustration from the third volume of Morison's Plantarum historiae universalis Oxoniensis. While the designated lectotype can be identified with C. foetida s.l., it cannot be ascribed with certainty to any of the currently accepted subspecies of this taxon and is therefore considered demonstrably ambiguous.
The Revival of Enantioselective Perfluoroalkylation – Update of New Synthetic Approaches from 2015–2022
Authors: Briand Marina , Anselmi Elsa , Dagousset Guillaume , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the last years, methods devoted to the synthesis of asymmetric molecules bearing a perfluoroalkylated chain have been limited in number. Among them, only a few can be used on a large variety of scaffolds. This microreview aims at summarizing these recent advances in enantioselective perfluoroalkylation (−CF3, −CF2H, −CnF2n+1) and highlights the need for new enantioselective methods to easily synthesize chiral fluorinated molecules which would be useful for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Some perspectives are also mentioned.
Plane waves in temperature dependent hygrothermoelastic medium under the influence of gravity—Analytical and numerical approach
Authors: Ailawalia Praveen , Sharma Vikas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present research article deals with the study of surface wave propagation in a temperature rate‐dependent hygrothermoelastic medium under the influence of gravity. The coupled wave equations in terms of displacement, temperature, and moisture concentration are solved analytically. The values of propagation phase velocity and attenuation quality factor for different waves have been obtained and depicted graphically against frequency. The effect of the gravity field and the dependence of temperature on the quantities are presented graphically. The coupled and independent wave equations obtained, are solved analytically and numerically to obtain the values of propagation phase velocities. The graphical results of propagation phase velocity and attenuation quality factor are compared for analytical and numerical results.
Variable digestibility of captive northern greater galagos (Otolemur garnettii) fed experimental “frugivorous” and “invertebrate” diets
Authors: Loudon James E. , Smith B. Katherine , Bianchi Sydnie , Howells Michaela E. , Krowka Mead A. , Gomez Andres M. , Davison Samuel , Paine Oliver C. C. , Sponheimer Matt 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFew studies have addressed the nutritional ecology of galagos. Observations of galagos in the wild reveal that they rely on fruits and invertebrates to varying degrees depending on their availability. We conducted a 6‐week comparative dietary analysis of a colony of captive‐housed northern greater galagos (Otolemur garnettii), which included five females and six males with known life histories. We compared two experimental diets. The first was fruit dominated and the second was invertebrate dominated. For each diet, we examined dietary intake and apparent dry matter digestibility over the course of 6 weeks. We found significant differences between the apparent digestibility of the diets, with the “invertebrate” diet being more digestible than the “frugivorous” diet. The lower apparent digestibility of the “frugivorous” diet was driven by the higher fiber contents of the fruits provided to the colony. However, variation in apparent digestibility of both diets was found among individual galagos. The experimental design used in this study may provide useful dietary data for the management of captive colonies of galagos and other strepsirrhine primates. This study may also be helpful for understanding the nutritional challenges faced by free‐ranging galagos through time and across geographic space.
Losing the forest for the tree? On the wisdom of subpopulation management
Authors: Powell David M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnimal habitats are changing around the world in many ways, presenting challenges to the survival of species. Zoo animal populations are also challenged by small population sizes and limited genetic diversity. Some ex situ populations are managed as subpopulations based on presumed subspecies or geographic locality and related concerns over genetic purity or taxonomic integrity. However, these decisions can accelerate the loss of genetic diversity and increase the likelihood of population extinction. Here I challenge the wisdom of subpopulation management, pointing out significant concerns in the literature with delineation of species, subspecies, and evolutionarily significant units. I also review literature demonstrating the value of gene flow for preserving adaptive potential, the often‐misunderstood role of hybridization in evolution, and the likely overstated concerns about outbreeding depression, and preservation of local adaptations. I argue that the most effective way to manage animal populations for the long term be they in human care, in the wild, or if a captive population is being managed for reintroduction, is to manage for maximum genetic diversity rather than managing subpopulations focusing on taxonomic integrity, genetic purity, or geographic locale because selection in the future, rather than the past, will determine what genotypes and phenotypes are the most fit. Several case studies are presented to challenge the wisdom of subpopulation management and stimulate thinking about the preservation of genomes rather than species, subspecies, or lineages because those units evolved in habitats that are likely very different from those habitats today and in the future.
Children and the Mediated Experiences of the Welfare State: The International Year of the Child (1979) in the Finnish Public Sphere
Authors: Kurvinen Heidi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMedia systems form an integral part of Nordic welfare states. In this chapter, I contribute to this scholarship by analyzing how children’s experiences of the welfare state were mediated when journalists reported on the International Year of the Child (1979). The case study shows how children’s experiences of the welfare state were embedded in the wider societal discussion. Additionally, they were defined by an adult understanding of what consists of a good childhood. My sources consist of a sample of newspaper articles collected both manually and from the National Library of Finland’s digital interface. Additionally, I use metadata from television and radio programs of the Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE). The analysis is based on contextual close reading of the texts.
Rural (In)Justice: Smallholding as Social Policy in a Modernizing Finland, from 1945 to the 1960s
Authors: Erkkilä Ville 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter opens a perspective on welfare state-building in an agrarian society. Using extracts from lower court records, Ville Erkkilä scrutinizes post-Second World War land reform in Finland, its legal consequences, and the experiences it entailed. The chapter first analyzes the redistribution of land as an interaction between the traditional rural lifestyle based on the ownership of land and Finnish welfare state-building. Second, the chapter focuses on the lower court’s changing self-perception and administration of justice. In matters concerning the newly resettled independent smallholders, the courts not only balanced between judicial tradition and national legal policy in a radically altered environment but also confirmed the principles defining the Finnish countryside for decades to come.
A Biographical Account of the Social Welfare State in Late Colonial Singapore, 1945–1965
Authors: Ho Chi Tim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents a biographical approach to the foundation of a social welfare system in late colonial Singapore, circa 1945 to 1965, in a historical situation where there was little or no local precedent of a centralized welfare system. By throwing into sharp relief the experiences of rendering and receiving aid, I present an account of how individuals helped lay the foundations of the social welfare system. I show how their actions were a part of a broader colonial policy, which sought to refashion the colonial plural society into a cohesive community with the integral or even leading role of the state. This provides a basis to present Singapore’s history beyond a triumphalist narrative and to compare welfare state developments in colonial and other contexts.
Improving Pre-trained Language Models
Authors: Paaß Gerhard , Giesselbach Sven 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes a number of different approaches to improve the performance of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs), i.e. variants of BERT, autoregressive language models similar to GPT, and sequence-to-sequence models like Transformers. First we may modify the pre-training tasks to learn as much as possible about the syntax and semantics of language. Then we can extend the length of the input sequence to be able to process longer inputs. Multilingual models are simultaneously trained with text in different languages. Most important is the inclusion of further knowledge into the PLM to produce better predictions. It turns out that by increasing the number of parameters, the size of the training data and the computing effort the performance of the models can always be increased. There are a number of different fine-tuning strategies which allow the model to be adapted to special tasks. In addition, models may be instructed by few-shot prompts to solve specific tasks. This is especially rewarding for larger PLMs, which therefore are called Foundation Models.
Foundation Models for Speech, Images, Videos, and Control
Authors: Paaß Gerhard , Giesselbach Sven 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFoundation Models are able to model not only tokens of natural language but also token elements of arbitrary sequences. For images, square image patches can be represented as tokens; for videos, we can define tubelets that span an image patch across multiple frames. Subsequently, the proven self-attention algorithms can be applied to these tokens. Most importantly, several modalities like text and images can be processed in the same sequence allowing, for instance, the generation of images from text and text descriptions from video. In addition, the models are scalable to very large networks and huge datasets. The following multimedia types are covered in the subsequent sections. Speech recognition and text-to-speech models describe the translation of spoken language into text and vice versa. Image processing has the task to interpret images, describe them by captions, and generate new images according to textual descriptions. Video interpretation aims at recognizing action in videos and describing them through text. Furthermore, new videos can be created according to a textual description. Dynamical system trajectories characterize sequential decision problems, which can be simulated and controlled. DNA and protein sequences can be analyzed with Foundation Models to predict the structure and properties of the corresponding molecules.
Summary and Outlook
Authors: Paaß Gerhard , Giesselbach Sven 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFoundation Models emerged as a new paradigm in sequence interpretation that can be used for a large number of tasks to understand our environment. They offer the remarkable property of combining sensory input (sound, images, video) with symbolic interpretation of text and may even include action and DNA sequences. We briefly recap the process of pre-training, fine-tuning or prompting of Foundation Models and summarize their main properties. For the different application areas presented in the book, we summarize the performance levels of the models and delineate different promising economic applications. A section is devoted to discussing the potential harm that can be caused by Foundation Models, including bias, fake news, but also possible economic monopolies and unemployment. There is an urgent need for a legal regulation of the construction and deployment of these models. The last section considers advanced artificial intelligence systems and the shortcomings of current systems. Foundation Models have significantly improved performance in recent years and have the potential to reduce the gap to a truly general AI.
3D Bosons and W1+∞ algebra
Authors: Wang Na , Wu Ke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider 3D Young diagrams with at most N layers in z-axis direction, which can be constructed by N 2D Young diagrams on slice z = j, j = 1, 2, · · · , N from the Yang-Baxter equation. Using 2D Bosons {aj,m, m ∈ ℤ} associated to 2D Young diagrams on the slice z = j, we constructed 3D Bosons. Then we show the 3D Boson representation of W1+∞ algebra, and give the method to calculate the Littlewood-Richardson rule for 3-Jack polynomials.