bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temple House at Lutman’s End
Authors: Hindle Steve 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A study of the husbandman Henry King who rented one of the five ancient farmsteads in Chilvers Coton; discusses the precarious fortunes of middling farmers in the parish, especially at a time of static and falling prices; analyses the terms of his lease, placing its provisions in the context of leasehold agreements across the parish, which were becoming much more common in the late seventeenth century; discusses King’s fraught relationship with his landlord and the negotiations through which he was persuaded to stay at Temple House at a time when many other tenants were either abrogating or failing to renew their leases; explains the motivation for enclosing part of the waste of Coton Outwoods immediately adjacent to Temple House, and King’s role as a tenant to the new allotment; notes his sudden death in 1695 and uses his inventory to characterize the household economy and material culture of the King family, in which spinning and dairying seem to have loomed large; notes that Temple House had long been a site for negotiations over common right in the parish, and concludes by briefly discussing the discussions that took place there in the early 1760s as plans were being made for the parliamentary enclosure of the common fields and the waste in the parish.
Space, Place, and Flow
Authors: Hindle Steve 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Characterizes Chilvers Coton as a rural community, emphasizing the structures which unified it, but noting its increasing submersion in the regional economy of north-east Warwickshire in particular and the midlands in general; discusses the incorporation of the local economy into wider markets for goods and labour; notes the ambiguity that although the community increasingly came to resemble an estate village with a single dominant landlord, its taskscape became dominated by the silk-weaving industry which lay beyond Newdigate control; compares the census of 1684 with another listing of residents and occupations drawn up in 1781, noting the contraction in agriculture and coalmining activity, but the significant expansion of ribbon manufacture; emphasizes the significance of economic change for the generation of inhabitants that lived c.1650 to 1725 and argues that, in contributing to and accommodating these transformations, these ‘unremarkable’ people made their own history in their own terms.
“Nobody, I Myself”
Authors: Shortslef Emily 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter links Othello’s complicated relationship to the didactic moral warning against interracial marriage foregrounded in its source text to the play’s formal experimentation with deathbed complaint. In the early modern domestic tragedies whose tropes and conventional plotlines inform Othello, the deathbed complaint—spoken by a character who professes their unhappiness and repents the actions that have brought them to this unhappy state—is the privileged rhetorical form for validating the ideological “happiness script” that shapes the play. Desdemona’s deathbed complaint, however, is markedly different, not only in its content but in its form. Tracing the formal fragmentation and distribution of the parts of the deathbed complaint throughout the last act of the play, the chapter suggests that Othello relinquishes its own ethical authority with regard to its informing happiness script and puts the burden of ethical judgment on the interpretive labor of audiences.
Introduction
Authors: Harris Amy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
What did family life look like from the vantage point of unmarried and childless family members? The experience of eight Sharp siblings reveals previously under-examined aspects of Georgian family life. Being unmarried did not render someone family-less. Despite the geographic distance between them, the Sharps were, as brother John once remarked, “remarkable for unanimity.” Their records show a family spread over Durham, Northumberland, Northamptonshire, and London, yet bound tightly together through correspondence, shared finances, extended visits, support for religious and social benevolence, care for nephew and nieces, and summer holidays spent together. The Sharps’ lived reality was more radical than any of their political or religious positions. Their daily experience was an implicit critique of hierarchal patriarchal household structures. While there were some hierarchies, particularly the unremarked upon one between husband and wives, the most important Sharp power nexus was horizontal, not vertical. Unmarried and married, householders or not, parents or not, no sibling was cast as subordinate while others were cast as autonomous agents; no sibling held control over the purse-strings, thus constraining the others. Ultimately, the Sharps’ experiences uncover how important lateral kin like siblings and cousins were to marital and household decisions, expose single sociability not centered on courtship, highlight the importance of aunting and uncling on their own terms, demonstrate how charitable acts and philanthropic endeavors could serve as outlets or partial replacements for parenthood, and uncover genealogical practices tied to values and identity instead of to biological descendants’ possession of property.
Prehistory
Authors: Harris Amy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Sharp siblings, born in the 1720s and 1730s in northern England, entered a family culture already shaped by relatively congenial parenting practices, grounded in Christian ideals, and built by day-to-day domestic entertainments, such as books, music, and amiable sociality. This chapter describes the seventeenth-century ancestors of the Sharp siblings—the Sharps and Whelers—and examines the marriage and childbearing patterns among them. The account covers how the earlier generations’ marriage rates, fertility problems, and social prosperity shaped the family culture the Sharp siblings inherited. Simultaneously, infant and child mortality influenced material inheritance.
Portrait
Authors: Harris Amy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This interlude describes the Sharp family portrait produced by Johan Zoffany in 1779–81. The portrait shows seven of the Sharp siblings, three sisters-in-law, and three nieces on their boat the Apollo anchored at Fulham on the River Thames. Also on board is a variety of musical instruments, some being played by the Sharps. While the painting contains humorous references, its content highlights family relationships built on sibling ties, not marital ties, and it celebrates a sense of shared, equitable household governance.
Introduction
Authors: Hopkins John North , McGill Scott 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter explores the ways that forgery and related categories of fabrication operate through deception but at the same time have aims and functions that lie beyond deceit. We consider the unique position of forgeries in the historical record: although they and pseudepigrapha, copies, fakes, and related works are not what they seem to be, they remain real texts and objects in their own right, with much to tell us about literary history, art history, and cultural history more broadly. Of particular interest is the way that forgeries and related forms draw on people’s desire for a lacunose ancient past and its valued authority, including the authority of ancient authors, artists, and objects. The outsize role that authorship plays in generating meaning and value in forgeries, we contend, makes these especially productive works for investigating questions of authorial identity and agency. While arguing that the category and idea of the ancient confers value, the chapter also examines the different forms of value that exposed forgeries possess. Throughout the introduction, we explain how the contributors to the volume address all of these issues to establish a coherent framework of discussion. The authors present forgeries in and across time as valuable and authentic works in their own worlds and as highly useful evidence for a wide range of historical and theoretical issues.
‘Corinthian Bronzes’
Authors: Hallett Christopher H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A new type of miniature bronze came into being in the late Hellenistic period. Of exquisite quality, and furnished with their own bases, these figurines were designed to be portable. Many were fashioned in retrospective styles; some even purported to be antiques. Such statuettes are well attested in the ancient literary sources, and are referred to by Roman authors as ‘Corinthian bronzes’. This paper argues that many examples actually survive from antiquity. It also makes the case that these miniatures were sold to wealthy art collectors as originals—‘autograph works’ of the most celebrated Greek sculptors of the past. This explains the staggeringly high prices paid for them. Understood in this way, the craze for ‘Corinthian bronzes’ in the first century bce and the first century ce should be regarded as one of the most successful and artistically important instances of large-scale forgery in the history of western art.
Imperial Greek Atticism: A Culture of Forgery?
Authors: Kim Lawrence 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the parallels between three activities practiced by Greek intellectuals under the Roman Empire: literary forgery, the detection of such forgeries, and Atticism, that is, the fashionable practice of writing in the long-dead dialect of classical Athens. Through an analysis of the Attic Greek lexicon Selection of Attic Phrases and Words by the late second-century-ce grammarian Phrynichus, I explore three points of contact: (1) the mutual interdependence of the scholarly disciplines of Atticism and Echtheitskritik (authenticity-critique); (2) the overlap of terminology between the terms used in Atticist discourse to describe the words and authors recommended as Attic or censured as not, and those used in discussions of authenticity to denote genuine texts and their spurious/counterfeit counterparts; and (3) the shared ideology in which the ‘best’ Atticists are those who, like forgers, are most capable of using ‘authentic’ words, taken from ‘authentic’ writers, to compose ‘inauthentic’ works that strive to be mistaken for genuine.
The Fluidity of False Coins
Authors: Higbie Carolyn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Among the problems of the Roman republic and the empire was a shortage of coins, which impeded transactions, exacerbated political strife, and encouraged counterfeiting. As early as the Social War, Romans had suffered from a shortage of coins and the resulting counterfeits. It proved impossible, despite the efforts of Sulla and several other emperors, to eliminate counterfeiting, which was endemic in Roman’s western provinces and occurred in epidemics throughout the empire. Inconsistency in the manufacture of coins, the variety of coins in circulation, and the effects of circulation on coins made it very difficult to distinguish and remove counterfeits from the market. Romans seem to have regarded coins as objects of practical value only, despite the efforts of emperors to use them as propaganda. Although scholars distinguish three types of coins circulating in the Roman world—genuine, counterfeit, and unofficial/irregular—the evidence suggests there were really only two, genuine and counterfeit.
Forgery and the Desire for the Classical Author in the Pseudo-Ovidian De vetula
Authors: Burek Jacqueline M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the motives for literary forgery in the thirteenth-century pseudo-Ovidian poem De vetula. It reads the poem as an allegory of forgery, with each character representing a different kind of text: an original classical text, a later medieval copy of that classical text, and eventually, the forgery that pretends to be the genuine work of a classical author. At the literal level, De vetula’s characters participate in a standard fabliau plot. When read allegorically, however, their emotions and actions symbolize medieval audiences’ longing for unmediated access to classical literature, and the lengths to which some writers were willing to go in order to satisfy that desire. Through these characters, the unknown author of De vetula acknowledges forgery’s inherently transgressive nature, while also explaining why an author who recognizes the unethical quality of forgery might nevertheless choose to commit forgery. In this way, this chapter uses the medieval De vetula to reflect more broadly on the reasons for creating forgeries of classical literature.
Is Restoration Forgery?
Authors: Bartman Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores why in the eighteenth century the restoration of sculptures came to have the negative connotations that persist to the present day. Countering the traditional association of restoration with fraud, it argues that restorers were more transparent, professional, and aesthetically driven than is typically acknowledged. In Rome during the eighteenth century, as the scholarly understanding of ancient art grew, restorers achieved greater authenticity in terms of style and iconography. Paradoxically, many collectors and restorers would (and did) argue that restoring lost limbs or heads actually made statues more authentic, as a statue so restored came closer than a fragment to expressing the work’s true character.
Epilogue: Beyond Deceit and Beyond
Authors: Collins Jeffrey 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter brings the preceding contributions into conversation and situates them within the broader landscape of forgery studies, arguing that the contributors advance these discussions under three complementary headings. The problem of “Defining Forgery” and its kin is engaged by Kenneth Lapatin on ideas of forgery, Carolyn Higbie on Roman coins, Lawrence Kim on literary Atticism in imperial Rome, Irene Peirano Garrison on Roman “pseudepigrapha,” and Sascha Kansteiner on Renaissance repair of Roman sculpture. The necessity of “Locating Forgery” through close contextual analysis is targeted by Christopher Hallett on Corinthian bronzes, Joseph Howley on Roman books, Talia Di Manno on Early Christian relics in the Counter-Reformation, and Elizabeth Bartman on critiques of sculptural restoration in the age of the Grand Tour. The challenge of “Reading Forgery” in light of ambiguous authorship or veracity is addressed by Frederick Clark on post-antique reactions to Dares Phrygius’s Destruction of Troy, Kathryn Langenfeld on the Life of Aurelian, Jacqueline Burek on the medieval pseudo-Ovidian autobiography De vetula, and Sean Alexander Gurd on recent “fictional forgeries” by Armand Schwerner and Pascal Quignard.
At Light Speed
Authors: Nolte David D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
“At Light Speed: The Birth of Interferometry” tells how Arago attempted to use Snell’s law to measure the effect of the Earth’s motion through space but found no effect, in contradiction to predictions using Newton’s particle theory of light. Direct measurements of the speed of light were made by Hippolyte Fizeau and Leon Foucault who originally began as collaborators but had a falling-out that turned into an intense competition. Fizeau won priority for the first measurement, but Foucault surpassed him by using the Arago interferometer to measure the speed of light in air and water with increasing accuracy. Jules Jamin later invented one of the first interferometric instruments for use as a refractometer.
Holographic Dreams of Princess Leia
Authors: Nolte David D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
“Holographic Dreams of Princess Leia: Crossing Beams” presents the history of holography, beginning with the original ideas of Denis Gabor who invented optical holography as a means to improve the resolution of electron microscopes. Holography became mainstream after the demonstrations by Emmett Leith and Juris Upatnieks who used lasers after they were invented by Ted Maiman at Hughes Research Lab following suggestions by Charles Townes on the operating principles of the optical maser. Dynamic holography takes place in crystals that exhibit the photorefractive effect that are useful for adaptive interferometry. Holographic display technology currently under development uses ideas of holography merged with light-field displays developed by Gabriel Lippmann.
The Quantum Advantage
Authors: Nolte David D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
“The Quantum Advantage: Interferometric Computing” describes the development of quantum algorithms and quantum computing, beginning with the first quantum algorithm invented by David Deutsch as a side effect of his attempt to prove the many-worlds interpretation of quantum theory. Peter Shor found a quantum algorithm that could factor the product of primes, threatening all secure communications in the world. Once the usefulness of quantum algorithms was recognized, quantum computing hardware ideas developed rapidly into quantum circuits supported by quantum logic gates. The limitation of optical interactions, that hampered the development of controlled quantum gates, led to the proposal of linear optical quantum computing. Boson sampling, consisting of a complex cascade of single-photon interferometers, has been used to demonstrate quantum supremacy, also known as quantum computational advantage, using photonic integrated circuits.
The Workings of Repetition in Romantic-Period Poetry
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Building on the points about rhyme and repetition established in the previous chapter, this chapter looks at rhythm and form as similarly repetitive aspects of poetry which involve more or less variation from a repeated norm. It reminds the reader of the newly self-conscious attitude to formal questions understood to belong to romantic-period writers. It goes on to consider a range of other ways in which poetry engages with forms of recapitulation and re-reading, sometimes in almost imperceptible ways. Other, more blatant types of recapitulation are also introduced, including types of influence and allusion, and ideas of translation (including ekphrasis and metaphor as forms of translation). The chapter draws on a range of sources to indicate the particular interest of romantic-period writers in these forms of textual repetition.
Conjunctions, Repetition, and Revision
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Thinking about reflection, revision, and second looks, this chapter explores the importance of conjunction both to Wordsworth’s sense of his own development as a poet, and in relation to his ability to produce an appropriately organized, ‘sincere’ poetry, suggesting the model of the rhizome as a way of conceiving this. The chapter raises the idea of redundancy, which haunts ideas of tautology and repetition in language. It considers Wordsworth’s revisionary praxis, and his translation of Chaucer as a specialized form of the same textual revision. It also acknowledges the role of the reader as similarly involved in a process of revision. Special attention is paid to ideas of recollection and reflection, and also to words like ‘still’ and ‘now’ which manage to convey competing senses of immediacy and sequence, as part of an argument about Wordsworth’s attempt to reflect the operation of memory and experience, and the significance of habitual activities, within the texture of his verse.
‘The Thorn’, Tautology, and Tragic Repetition
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Martha Ray as a specifically tragic figure, drawing on the idea of anagnorisis (a specialized form of repetition), or ‘recognition’, to think through the potential which inheres in repetition for sincere expression of the problem of sincere expression itself. The negative contemporary reception of Wordsworth’s ‘The Thorn’ was not appeased by Wordsworth’s addition of the famous ‘Note’ to the text; both note and poem, however, offer commentary on the potential for forms of repetition to be profoundly meaningful. Returning to the poem in a context of tragedy (Aristotelean recognition, as well as Job’s biblical suffering), the chapter dwells on the expressive potentials of tautology in particular.
Coleridge and Repetition
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter attempts to understand Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s interest in forms of recapitulation, both in his philosophical consideration of the operation of the imagination (especially, though not exclusively, in his discussion of desynonymy), and in his interest in novel forms of syllabic prosody. Thinking about Coleridge’s distinction between copies and imitations, it attends to his description of a water-insect as a way of understanding the character of Coleridgean repetition, and its role in recollection and composition. It moves on to discuss specific examples of repetition in Coleridge’s own poetry. The chapter seeks to represent something of the immediate, wider context of Wordsworth’s own interest in repetition, and also to offer an opportunity for comparison of the handling of textual repetitions within poetry from the same period.
Conclusion
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by drawing together the various allusions to Wordsworth’s interest in poetic ‘sincerity’ which have recurred throughout its chapters. It reviews the wider critical attention which has been paid to Wordsworth and sincerity, as well as Wordsworth’s explicit interest in sincerity in the ‘Essays upon Epitaphs’, thinking about some of the difficulties and opportunities that the concept of repetition raises for poets aspiring towards authenticity. It explains the centrality of recapitulation, achieved through a combination of repetitions and the use of conjunctions, to Wordsworth’s own achievement of verse which is as true to lived experience as possible, and thus as sincere as it is possible for writing to be.
Silius Italicus’ Punica
Authors: Stover Tim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter seeks to shed new light on Silius Italicus’ epic technique by focusing on the Punica’s allusive interactions with Valerius’ Argonautica. In it the author demonstrates that Silius’ intertextual engagement with Valerius’ poem is more explicit than is often acknowledged and argues that Silius’ stance vis-à-vis Valerius is less antagonistic than other critics see it. The chapter shows that in Book 11 of the Punica Silius highlights Valerius’ Argonautica as an important and respected model. It then demonstrates that Silius frames the Punica as the culmination of the historical process inaugurated in the Argonautica before illustrating how he enriches his poem in various ways by reworking Valerian material.