bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Issues in the Generative Design of Cyber-Physical-Human Systems
Authors: Rosen David W. , Choi Christina Youngmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cyber-physical-human systems (CPHS) are smart products and systems that offer services to their customers, supported by back-end systems (e.g., information, finance) and other infrastructure. In this paper, initial concepts and research issues are presented regarding the generative design of CPHS and CPHS families. Significant research gaps are identified that should drive future research directions. The approach proposed here is a novel combination of generative and configuration design methods with product family design methodology and an explicit consideration of usability across all human stakeholders. The need for a new CPHS transdiscipline is identified. With the proposed approach, a wide variety of CPHS, including customized CPHS, can be developed quickly by sharing technologies and modules across CPHS family members, while ensuring user acceptance. The domain of assistive technology is used in this paper to provide an example field of practice that could benefit from a systematic design methodology and opportunities to leverage technology solutions.
Surface Integrity Analysis in Grinding of Dual-Phase High-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Wang Xing , Zan Shusong , Xu Qin , Liao Zhirong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are highly anticipated because of their superb properties in strength, hardness, wear resistance, etc. However, compared with numerous studies on the design and properties of HEAs, the machinability research of HEAs is extremely rare, which limits the application of HEAs. In this work, grinding experiments of (FeCoNi)86Al7Ti7 dual-phase HEA workpieces were carried out, and the results are analyzed from a general machinability perspective (the machining parameters’ effect on grinding force and surface roughness) to a more in-depth perspective, including grinding-induced changes in morphology and microstructure on the ground surface and subsurface. With scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) information of subsurface, the deformation mechanisms have been studied, including the role of the second-phase (Ni2AlTi) in the grinding process, the material removal modes of the different phases, and the morphology of the nanoprecipitates in the matrix, based on the completely opposite properties of different phases in HEA. It is noticed that the hard and brittle property of the second phase brings support to the material, reduces the plastic deformation, and also makes its own removal brittle, while the plastic matrix experiences shear deformation in grinding, which makes the nanoprecipitates in it assume different morphologies. These detailed findings could be of help to understand the effect of grinding on material properties so as to improve the machining quality of this material.
The blast, the quake, and the bomb: A guide to high-energy events in western Nevada, USA
Authors: Louie* John N. , Ruprecht* Philipp 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
This guide presents an eight-hour, in-person tour of intersecting geologic and human history in western Nevada, USA. A 25 megaton phreatomagmatic blast created a mile-wide (1.6-km-wide) maar, now filled by Soda Lake. The magnitude 7 Dixie Val- ley earthquake ripped along more than 45 km of the Stillwater Range front in 1954. The 12 kiloton Shoal nuclear test in 1963 created a 50-m-wide cavity in solid granite.
This field trip generally follows the GSA guide published in GSA Field Guide 61 (available at https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa):
Louie, J.N., and Ruprecht, P., 2021, The blast, the quake, and the bomb: A guide to high-energy events in western Nevada, USA, in Florsheim, J., Koeberl, C., McKay, M.P., and Riggs, N., eds., Field Excursions from the 2021 GSA Section Meetings: Geological Society of America Field Guide 61, p. 201–219, https://doi.org/10.1130/2021.0061(09).
Supplemental Material: Controls on metal fertility of dioritic intrusions in the Laiwu district, North China Craton: Insights from whole-rock geochemistry and mineral compositions
Authors: Li Si-Yuan , Li Jian-Wei , et al.  
Published: May 2023

<p>Table S1: Major- and trace-element geochemistry of whole-rock samples from the Fe-mineralized and barren dioritic intrusions in the Laiwu district. Table S2: Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of whole-rock samples from the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons in the Laiwu district. Table S3: Major- and trace-element compositions of amphibole from the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons in the Laiwu district. Table S4: U-Pb age data and trace elements of zircon from the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons in the Laiwu district. Table S5: Major and trace elements of apatite from the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons in the Laiwu district. Figure S1: Hand specimens of diorites collected from the Kuangshan, Jiaoyu, Jinniushan, and Tietonggou plutons. Figure S2: Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of representative zircons from the Kuangshan, Jiaoyu, Jinniushan, and Tietonggou diorites. Figure S3: U-Pb concordia diagrams of zircons from the Kuangshan, Jiaoyu, Jinniushan, and Tietonggou plutons. Figure S4: Selected oxide element Harker’s plots for the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons in the Laiwu district. </p>
Supplemental Material: Late Mesozoic impact of paleo-Pacific subduction on the North China craton revealed by apatite U-Pb and fission-track double dating and trace element analysis in the eastern Yanshan fold belt, northeastern Asia
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Zhiyong , et al.  
Published: May 2023

<p>Figures S1–S9 and Tables S1–S5. </p>
Evaluation of microMend wound closure device in repairing skin lacerations
Authors: Nizami Tarek , Beaudoin Francesca , Suner Selim , Aluisio Adam , Bhatt Reena A , Jay Gregory D 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundmicroMend, a novel microstaple skin closure device, may be able to close simple lacerations. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using microMend to close these wounds in the ED.MethodsThis was an open-label, single-arm clinical study conducted at two EDs within a large urban academic medical centre. Wounds closed with microMend underwent assessments performed at days 0, 7, 30 and 90. Photographs of treated wounds were rated by two plastic surgeons using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and a wound evaluation scale (WES), which has a best possible score of 6. Participants rated pain during application and both participants and providers rated their satisfaction with the device.ResultsThirty-one participants were enrolled in the study: 48% were female and the mean age of participants was 45.6 (95% CI 39.1 to 52.1). The mean wound length was 2.35 cm (95% CI 1.77 to 2.92), with a range of 1–10 cm. Mean VAS and WES scores at day 90 as evaluated by two plastic surgeons were 84.1 mm (95% CI 80.2 to 87.9) and 4.91 (95% CI 4.54 to 5.29), respectively. The mean pain score with application of the devices was 7.28 mm (95% CI 2.88 to 11.68) on a scale of 0–100 mm using VAS. Local anaesthesia was used in 9 patients (29%, 95% CI 20.7 to 37.3) of participants (of whom 5 required deep sutures). Ninety per cent (90%) of participants rated their overall assessment of the device as excellent (74%) or good (16%) at day 90. There were no serious adverse events in any participants in the study.ConclusionmicroMend appears to be an acceptable alternative for closing skin lacerations in the ED, providing good cosmetic results, with high levels of satisfaction by patients and providers. Randomised trials are needed to compare microMend with other wound closure products.Trial registration numberNCT03830515.
Improving communications in PPE: a solution for ‘landline’ telephone communication
Authors: Coats Timothy J , Pallett Edward , Mangat Jasdip , Chung Emma 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEmergency care staff wearing elastomeric respiratory personal protective equipment (PPE) report difficulties in communicating by telephone. We developed and tested an affordable technological solution aimed at improving telephone call intelligibility for staff wearing PPE.MethodsA novel headset was created to enable a throat microphone and bone conduction headset to be used in combination with a standard hospital ‘emergency alert’ telephone system. Speech intelligibility of an ED staff member wearing PPE was compared between the proposed headset and current practice by simultaneously recording a version of the Modified Rhyme Test and a Key Sentences Test. Recordings were played back to a group of blinded ED staff listening to pairs of recordings under identical conditions. The proportion of correctly identified words was compared using a paired t-test.ResultsFifteen ED staff correctly identified a mean of 73% (SD 9%) words for speech communicated via the throat microphone system, compared with only 43% (SD 11%) of words for standard practice (paired t-test, p<0.001).ConclusionsIntroduction of a suitable headset could significantly improve speech intelligibility during ‘emergency alert’ telephone calls.
Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide-styrene microemulsion dielectric investigation in aqueous media
Authors: Rohman Nashiour , Mohiuddin Tariq , Khan Imran 
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we report the complex permittivity of aqueous microemulsions of N-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide and styrene. The studies were carried out at 298.15 K while varying the styrene to surfactant concentration ratio, S0 (0.16 ≤ S0 ≤ 0.71) and the surfactant concentration, c (0.1032 ≤ c (mol·dm−3) ≤ 0.7806). The frequencies ranged from 100 MHz to 89 GHz. An analysis of a particular solution is conducted over the temperature range of 278.15–328.15 K to calculate the energy of the activation parameters. At 298.15 K, the spectra are fitted to a total of five Debye processes for concentration dependency series and three Debye processes for temperature dependence series. Br− surface and bulk diffusion surrounding the micelles best describes the two low-frequency dispersions, at 100 MHz and 0.8 GHz, respectively. These mechanisms were examined using Grosse theory. The Maxwell–Wagner relaxation process is equivalent to high-frequency micelle dispersion at 0.8 GHz. The thickness of the conducting shell of the micelle is determined by using the electrical conductivity of the particles and parameters taken from the Grosse theory, and the results are comparable to those from an examination of the Pauly and Schwan model. The Grosse model and solvent dispersion analysis were used to calculate the volume fractions of micelles. Both approaches were in agreement. The surfactant head group non-rotationally hydrates almost ∼7 ± 1 water molecules. Styrene addition allows for the non-rotationally bound accommodation of an additional ∼7 ± 1 water molecules.
Behavioral adaptations of scatterhoarders to seasonal flooding
Authors: Wilson Sarah B. , Gitzen Robert A. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Steury Todd D. 
Published: May 2023

Scatterhoarder responses to factors that influence stored food (i.e., flooding) is important given the strong reliance on hoarded food for survival. We examined how eastern gray squirrels ( Sciurus carolinensis, Gmelin 1778) have adapted to a seasonally flooded ecosystem in Alabama. Our study area was dry September–November and flooded the rest of the year. We predicted squirrels would respond to flooding by storing food in areas that stay dry during winter, seasonally shifting to dry habitat, or decreasing the amount of hard mast in their winter diet. We also examined previously reported survival differences between the dry and flooded seasons. During the dry season, 72% of acorns were buried in areas that later flooded. Habitat use did not change significantly during the flooded and dry seasons; however, squirrels used habitat that stayed dry during flooding to a greater degree during non-flood seasons. The amount of hard mast in the diet did not change significantly between the dry and flooded seasons. However, squirrels were more likely to die during the flooded season ( P = 0.02). We did not find any behavioral adaptations to seasonal flooding. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of fluctuating environmental conditions on scatterhoarders.
New supersymmetric $$AdS_5$$ black strings from 5D $$N=4$$ gauged supergravity
Authors: Karndumri Parinya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe find a large class of new supersymmetric $$AdS_5$$

A
d

S
5

black strings from five-dimensional $$N=4$$

N
=
4

gauged supergravity coupled to five vector multiplets with $$SO(2)_D\times SO(3)\times SO(3)$$

S
O

(
2
)

D

×
S
O

(
3
)

×
S
O

(
3
)

gauge group. These solutions have near horizon geometries of the form $$AdS_3\times \Sigma ^2$$

A
d

S
3

×

Σ
2

for $$\Sigma ^2$$

Σ
2

being a two-sphere $$(S^2)$$

(

S
2

)

or a hyperbolic space $$(H^2).$$

(

H
2

)
.

There are four supersymmetric $$AdS_5$$

A
d

S
5

vacua with $$N=4$$

N
=
4

and $$N=2$$

N
=
2

supersymmetries. By performing topological twists along $$\Sigma ^2$$

Σ
2

with $$SO(2)\times SO(2)_{\text {diag}}$$

S
O

(
2
)

×
S
O

(
2
)

diag

and $$SO(2)_{\text {diag}}$$

S
O

(
2
)

diag

gauge fields, we find a number of $$AdS_3\times \Sigma ^2$$

A
d

S
3

×

Σ
2

fixed points describing near horizon geometries of black strings in asymptotically $$AdS_5$$

A
d

S
5

spaces. Most of the solutions take the form of $$AdS_3\times H^2$$

A
d

S
3

×

H
2

with only one being $$AdS_3\times S^2$$

A
d

S
3

×

S
2

preserving $$SO(2)_{\text {diag}}$$

S
O

(
2
)

diag

symmetry. We also give the corresponding black string solutions interpolating between asymptotically locally $$AdS_5$$

A
d

S
5

vacua and the near horizon $$AdS_3\times \Sigma ^2$$

A
d

S
3

×

Σ
2

geometries. There are a number of solutions flowing from one, two or three $$AdS_5$$

A
d

S
5

vacua to an $$AdS_3\times \Sigma ^2$$

A
d

S
3

×

Σ
2

fixed point. These solutions can also be considered as holographic RG flows across dimensions from $$N=2$$

N
=
2

and $$N=1$$

N
=
1

SCFTs in four dimensions to two-dimensional SCFTs with $$N=(2,0)$$

N
=
(
2
,
0
)

or $$N=(0,2)$$

N
=
(
0
,
2
)

supersymmetry.
Evolving Software: Combining Online Learning with Mutation-Based Stochastic Search
Authors: Renzullo Joseph , Weimer Westley , Forrest Stephanie 
Published: May 2023

Evolutionary algorithms and related mutation-based methods have been used in software engineering, with recent emphasis on the problem of repairing bugs. In this work, programs are typically not synthesized from a random start. Instead, existing solutions—which may be flawed or inefficient—are taken as starting points, with the evolutionary process searching for useful improvements. This approach, however, introduces a challenge for the search algorithm: what is the optimal number of neutral mutations that should be combined? Too much is likely to introduce errors and break the program while too little hampers the search process, inducing the classic tradeoff between exploration and exploitation.
In the context of software improvement, this work considers MWRepair, an algorithm for enhancing mutation-based searches, which uses online learning to optimize the tradeoff between exploration and exploitation. The aggressiveness parameter governs how many individual mutations should be applied simultaneously to an individual between fitness evaluations. MWRepair is evaluated in the context of automated program repair problems, where the goal is repairing software bugs with minimal human involvement. The article analyzes the search space for automated program repair induced by neutral mutations, finding that the greatest probability of finding successful repairs often occurs when many neutral mutations are applied to the original program. Moreover, repair probability follows a characteristic, unimodal distribution. MWRepair uses online learning to leverage this property, finding both rare and multi-edit repairs to defects in the popular Defects4J benchmark set of buggy Java programs.
PP2Ac Deficiency Enhances Tumor Immunogenicity by Activating STING–Type I Interferon Signaling in Glioblastoma
Authors: Mondal Isha , Das Oishika , Sun Raymond , Gao Jian , Yu Bohyeon , Diaz Aaron , Behnan Jinan , Dubey Abhishek , Meng Zhipeng , Eskandar Emad , Xu Beisi , Lu Rongze Olivia , Ho Winson S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunologically “cold” tumor that does not respond to current immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate a fundamental role for the α-isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-2A (PP2Ac) in regulating glioma immunogenicity. Genetic ablation of PP2Ac in glioma cells enhanced double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) production and cGAS–type I IFN signaling, MHC-I expression, and tumor mutational burden. In coculture experiments, PP2Ac deficiency in glioma cells promoted dendritic cell (DC) cross-presentation and clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells. In vivo, PP2Ac depletion sensitized tumors to immune-checkpoint blockade and radiotherapy treatment. Single-cell analysis demonstrated that PP2Ac deficiency increased CD8+ T-cell, natural killer cell, and DC accumulation and reduced immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages. Furthermore, loss of PP2Ac increased IFN signaling in myeloid and tumor cells and reduced expression of a tumor gene signature associated with worse patient survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Collectively, this study establishes a novel role for PP2Ac in inhibiting dsDNA–cGAS–STING signaling to suppress antitumor immunity in glioma.

Significance:
PP2Ac deficiency promotes cGAS–STING signaling in glioma to induce a tumor-suppressive immune microenvironment, highlighting PP2Ac as a potential therapeutic target to enhance tumor immunogenicity and improve response to immunotherapy.
The gator grapnel: pedal anchoring in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Walter Collin , Cramberg Michael , Young Bruce A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To resist forward displacement of their body during non-locomotor behaviors such as feeding, American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) hold their hindfeet vertical, then push the foot into the substrate so that the dorsum of the foot forms a contact area with the substrate. Herein this form of bracing is termed pedal anchoring. The purpose of the present study was to describe pedal anchoring and to demonstrate whether it entailed interaction between the hindfoot (pes) of Alligator and the substrate that differed from the interactions seen during locomotion. Alligator tracks were studied in the wild, during controlled field trials, and on a mud trackway in the laboratory; in each setting locomotor and pedal anchoring tracks were photographed, cast in Plaster of Paris, then features of the casts quantified. Statistical analysis demonstrated greater variation in the wild tracks, presumably reflecting the larger size and velocity ranges of the alligators involved, and suggested that the mud trackway used during the locomotor trials did not create significant artifact. Tracks produced during locomotion and pedal anchoring by the same alligators, on the same substrate, yielded significantly different quantitative features, different matrices of Pearson correlation coefficients, and different patterns of character distribution following Principal Component Analysis. These results all support the conclusion that pedal anchoring involves fundamentally different interaction between the pes and the substrate than occurs during locomotion.
Reflections on the Governance Function of Compulsory Dispute Settlement in the Legal Order for the Ocean
Authors: Roland Holst Rozemarijn J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article takes the fortieth anniversary of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as an opportunity to reflect on the role that the compulsory dispute settlement system under Part XV of the Convention plays in maintaining the legal order for the ocean. It posits that, in addition to the more traditional understandings of the dispute settlement function and law-ascertainment function of international adjudication, a clear governance function can be discerned. By developing a three-fold typology of ways in which this governance function manifests itself in the use and exercise of compulsory jurisdiction under Part XV, the aim is to shed light on the multifaceted role of compulsory dispute settlement in maintaining the legal order for the ocean in a way that accounts for the changing expectations of States Parties over time.
Onset of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification: Evaluating the Response to Length Scales of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Oguejiofor Chibueze N. , Wainwright Charlotte E. , Rudzin Johna E. , Richter David H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Predicting the rapid intensification (>15.0 m s−1 increase in 10 m wind speed over 24 h or less) of tropical cyclones (TC) remains a challenge in the broader context of numerical weather prediction largely due to their multiscale dynamics. Ocean observations show that the size and magnitude of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with cold wakes and ocean eddies play important roles in TC dynamics. In this study, a combination of spectral and structure function analyses is utilized to generate realistic realizations of multiscale anomalies characteristic of the SST conditions in which Hurricane Irma (2017) underwent rapid intensification (RI). We investigate the impact of the length scale of these SST anomalies and the role of translation speed on the variance in RI onset timing. Length-scale-induced convective asymmetries, in addition to the mean magnitude of SST anomalies beneath the storm eye, are shown to modulate the variance in RI onset timing. The size of the associated SST length scales relative to the storm size is critical to the magnitude of variance in RI onset timing, as smaller length scales are shown to lack the spatial extent required to induce preferential convective asymmetries. Storm translation speed is also shown to influence the variance in RI onset timing for larger-length-scale ensembles by altering the exposure time of the eye to these SST anomalies. We find that an interplay between SST-induced convective asymmetries, the magnitude of SST anomalies underneath the eye/eyewall, and storm translation speed play crucial roles in modulating the variance in RI onset timing.
Significance Statement
The characteristics of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical cyclone near-environment are inherently multiscale in nature as a result of interactions between various dynamical processes in the ocean. Assuming a uniform SST beneath storms in numerical simulations limits the predictability of how air–sea interaction affects the physics of rapid intensification (RI). In this study, the influence of realistic multiscale SST anomalies on RI onset timing is investigated. Our results suggest that the length scale of SST anomalies (in addition to its magnitude) modulate the distribution of convection, creating asymmetries around the RMW that can influence the predictability of RI onset. This effect is further modulated by storm translation speed, with the most prominent impact seen in slow-moving storms.