bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crucial role of iron plaque on thallium uptake by rice plant
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyin , Yuan Wenhuan , Liu Juan , Li Haoran , Cai Han , Hu Haiyao , Ren Dongyi , Zhang Yuhua , Shen Yuxiang , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIron plaque is a Fe-containing oxide film produced by the oxidation of Fe(II) in the rice root system under the combined action of oxygen infiltration and other microorganisms. Owing to its special surface structure and physio-chemical properties, the iron plaque has a strong absorption capacity for a variety of heavy metal ions. This study aimed to first investigate the effects of Fe species on the geochemical fractionation of Tl in typical paddy soil systems affected by industrial activities, followed by pot culture experiments to probe the effects of Fe species on the uptake and translocation of Tl in rice plants. The results of field work preliminarily showed that iron at different valences affected the conversion of the Tl geochemical fraction in the soil. Oxidizable Tl exerted significant positive correlation relationships with Fe2+ and negative correlation relationships with Fe3+, while reducible Tl only displayed a positive correlation with Fe3+. Further analysis by pot culture experiments revealed that the contents of Fe were significantly positively correlated with Tl contents in Fe plaque (R2 = 0.529). In contrast, the water-soluble Tl contents in the soil were significantly negatively correlated with the contents of Fe (R2 = – 0. 90, p < 0.05). It suggests that the iron plaque promoted the absorption and fixation of Tl on the root surface of rice plants, causing Tl to accumulate in the iron plaque. Besides, the Tl content in the Fe plaque on the root surface of rice plants was greater than that in the above-ground tissues, which indicates that most Fe plaque exerts a certain degree of inhibition on Tl migration into the above-ground tissues of rice plants. All these findings indicate that Fe film is also an important carrier of Tl transfer in the soil–rice plant system, which provides new scientific support for the remediation of typical Tl-contaminated rice fields.
Environmental and cultural sustainability of the architectural elements of two historical mosques in historic Jeddah
Authors: Waheeb Sahl Abdullah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe research reviews the environmental and cultural sustainability of the architectural elements of two mosques in the historical area of Jeddah, Al-Shafi’i Mosque and Al-Mimar Mosque. Through the research methodology, the environmental and cultural sustainability of the two mosques in the historical Jeddah area were compared, as how they were treated and reused in different ways and the architectural elements were analyzed. The results of the research indicate that sustainability. The environment is rebuilding some walls, reducing waste by using existing walls, not using new materials as much as possible, and reducing the entry of solar radiation into the building through wooden windows (Roshan). As for cultural sustainability, it is through contributing to a pioneering project that achieves the rehabilitation of the mosque to increase the number of worshipers and its use by visitors and residents of the city of Jeddah to be a distinguished center for reviving the meetings of the people of old Jeddah and enriching the social environment. As for economic sustainability, it is through the financial return of commercial activities around the mosque, the creation of job opportunities for Saudi youth, and the work of a distinguished pioneering project to encourage government agencies and real estate owners in the historical area of Jeddah, to carry out similar projects that support the development and economic sustainability, and achieve the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030, as the most important recommendation for research.
Evaluation of artificial intelligence techniques in disease diagnosis and prediction
Authors: Ghaffar Nia Nafiseh , Kaplanoglu Erkan , Nasab Ahad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA broad range of medical diagnoses is based on analyzing disease images obtained through high-tech digital devices. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the assessment of medical images has led to accurate evaluations being performed automatically, which in turn has reduced the workload of physicians, decreased errors and times in diagnosis, and improved performance in the prediction and detection of various diseases. AI techniques based on medical image processing are an essential area of research that uses advanced computer algorithms for prediction, diagnosis, and treatment planning, leading to a remarkable impact on decision-making procedures. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) as advanced AI techniques are two main subfields applied in the healthcare system to diagnose diseases, discover medication, and identify patient risk factors. The advancement of electronic medical records and big data technologies in recent years has accompanied the success of ML and DL algorithms. ML includes neural networks and fuzzy logic algorithms with various applications in automating forecasting and diagnosis processes. DL algorithm is an ML technique that does not rely on expert feature extraction, unlike classical neural network algorithms. DL algorithms with high-performance calculations give promising results in medical image analysis, such as fusion, segmentation, recording, and classification. Support Vector Machine (SVM) as an ML method and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a DL method is usually the most widely used techniques for analyzing and diagnosing diseases. This review study aims to cover recent AI techniques in diagnosing and predicting numerous diseases such as cancers, heart, lung, skin, genetic, and neural disorders, which perform more precisely compared to specialists without human error. Also, AI's existing challenges and limitations in the medical area are discussed and highlighted.
Do Pluripotent Stem Cells Offer a New Path to Reproduction?
Authors: Chapman Audrey R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ability of pluripotent stem to develop into any of the cell types in the human body has meant that it was only a matter of time before scientists would try to transform them into human gametes. Up to now though it has not been possible to do so. Nevertheless a 2016 book written by Henry Greely speculated that in twenty to forty years most people in developed countries will cease reproduction through sex, using sex exclusively for pleasure, and instead will rely on reproduction through pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes. This paper will offer a different perspective. After describing the process through which human pluripotent stem cells might eventually be coaxed into gametes, it will show why the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes for reproductive purposes would present significant safety, ethical, and regulatory challenges.
EACH Person’s Right: The Importance of Federal Abortion Care Funding to Health Care Reform
Authors: LaRose Cassandra , Sinha Michael S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe United States has a long and controversial history with abortion that did not end with Roe v. Wade. Almost immediately thereafter, anti-choice politicians commenced a decades-long effort to restrict access to abortion, recently culminating in the Dobbs decision that overturned Roe. One successful attempt to restrict access immediately following Roe was the Hyde Amendment. With more Americans covered by federally funded health insurance than ever, the Hyde Amendment creates an insurmountable barrier to abortion care for those who lack other sources of financing.Despite the impacts of the Hyde Amendment, support for discontinuing the amendment has been weak. For the first time in over forty years, the United States is in a position to change its abortion funding policy. Beyond ending Hyde, the EACH Act has been introduced in Congress to ensure permanent funding for abortion through all federally funded insurance programs. To secure funding for abortion and reduce barriers to access, advocates must press the federal government to pass legislation such as the EACH Act.
Remote Reproductive Rights
Authors: Rebouché Rachel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn July 2020, a federal district court lifted the U.S. Food & Drug Administration’s (“FDA”) restriction requiring patients to pick up the first drug of a medication abortion—mifepristone—at a healthcare facility. Soon after, an ongoing experiment with remote care for abortion expanded, as telemedicine did in other areas, and virtual clinics began offering no-touch abortions. Growth of virtual care stalled in January 2021 when the Supreme Court stayed a district court’s order pending the appeals process. But in April 2022, persuaded by the evidence of remote abortion’s safety and efficacy, the FDA suspended enforcement of the in-person rule for the course of the pandemic. On December 16, 2021, the FDA lifted the requirement that patients pick up mifepristone at a healthcare facility, clearing the way for supervised mail delivery and pharmacy dispensation.The expansion of virtual clinics, however, is not without significant limitations. First, questions remain about how to implement the new FDA regulation, specifically regarding certified pharmacies, and several FDA restrictions on mifepristone remain in place. Second, about half the country prohibits telehealth for abortion by either banning all abortion or by requiring the physical presence of a healthcare professional. Third, participation in telemedicine depends on various forms of privilege. Patients must have a stable internet connection or smartphone as well as an uncomplicated pregnancy, which, in part because of U.S. health disparities, is more likely for wealthier and white people. Even with the expansion of remote care, the need for clinical spaces will not disappear; in fact, it will come under increasing pressure.This Article maps the emergence of virtual abortion care and analyzes the potential trajectory of medication abortion access, given that the Supreme Court has overturned constitutional protections for abortion. It considers the limits of telehealth for abortion—who telehealth can reach and who it cannot. Those living in states that permit abortion will have new options for ending early pregnancies. Those residing in states hostile to abortion will have to seek cross-border care, carry pregnancies to term, or find other avenues to end pregnancies. But the portability of abortion pills, when mailed by prescribers or dispensed by certified pharmacies, will test how closely states officials (or anyone else) can police or impede access to medication abortion.
Philosophy and ethics of de-extinction
Authors: Odenbaugh Jay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this essay, we explore the philosophical and ethical issues concerning de-extinction. First, we will characterize what de-extinction is. This requires clarification of the process of extinction. Second, we consider whether de-extinction is even possible. There are a variety of arguments involving the nature of species that purport to show that once they have disappeared they cannot be resurrected. Third, we examine whether de-extinction is morally permissible. There are arguments that suggest we are obligated to do it based on restorative justice and biodiversity conservation. There are other arguments that conclude we are not permitted to do so based on considerations of animal welfare, hubris and the allocation of conservation resources.
The CJEU Database Platform: Decisions and Decision-Makers
Authors: Brekke Stein Arne , Fjelstul Joshua C. , Hermansen Silje Synnøve Lyder , Naurin Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article presents the CJEU Database Platform, which provides scholars with an extensive collection of easily accessible, research-ready data on the the universe of cases, decisions, and judges at the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The CJEU Database Platform provides a foundation for the broader CJEU Database currently being developed by The IUROPA Project, a multidisciplinary group of scholars researching judicial politics in the European Union (EU). In this article, we illustrate how the CJEU Database Platform opens the door to new areas of theoretical and empirical research on judicial politics in the EU.
The impact of spatially varying ice sheet basal conditions on sliding at glacial time scales
Authors: Gowan Evan J. , Hinck Sebastian , Niu Lu , Clason Caroline , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpatially variable basal conditions are thought to govern how ice sheets behave at glacial time scales (>1000 years) and responsible for changes in dynamics between the core and peripheral regions of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets. Basal motion is accomplished via the deformation of unconsolidated sediments, or via sliding of the ice over an undeformable bed. We present an ice sheet sliding module for the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) that takes into account changes in sediment cover and incorporates surface meltwater. This model routes meltwater, produced at the surface and base of the ice sheet, toward the margin of the ice sheet. Basal sliding is accomplished through the deformation of water saturated sediments, or sliding at the ice-bed interface. In areas with continuous, water saturated sediments, sliding is almost always accomplished through sediment deformation. In areas with incomplete cover, sliding has a stronger dependence on the supply of water. We find that the addition of surface meltwater to the base is a more important factor for ice sheet evolution than the style of sliding. In a glacial cycle simulation, our model causes a more rapid buildup of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
Perceived Organizational Support and Performance: Moderated Mediation Model of Psychological Capital and Organizational Justice – Evidence from India
Authors: Patnaik Subhendu , Mishra Uma Sankar , Mishra Bibhuti Bhusan 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTEmployee performance attainment is a pervasive issue in the workplace and is increasingly becoming an important problem for effective human resource management. A review of the extant literature on perceived organizational support (POS) and performance suggests that there is a dearth of research aimed at examining the underlying mechanisms and the boundary conditions of the relationship between POS and performance. One of the objectives of this study is to examine the mediating role of psychological capital on the relationship between POS and performance. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating role of organizational justice perception in said indirect relationship. Study 1 included a sample of 465 employees from both large private life insurance and telecom organizations. Study 2 was conducted on a sample of 216 employees from a large steel manufacturing firm. Findings suggest that psychological capital mediated the relationship between POS and performance. The indirect relationship of POS and performance via psychological capital was moderated by organizational justice. However, there is a counter-intuitive finding in this research. It was observed that at a high level of organizational justice, it had a smaller effect on performance in contrast to low level of organizational justice. Finally, theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.
SOIL EROSION CAUSED THE INCREASING HOLOCENE RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR EFFECT OF LAKE KANAS IN THE ALTAI MOUNTAINS
Authors: Cao Huihui , Huang Xiaozhong , Xiang Lixiong 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) dating of the total organic carbon (TOC) content of lacustrine sediments is always affected by a 14C reservoir effect and the 14C dates are often systematically older than the true ages. However, there are few studies of the temporal changes of the 14C reservoir effect, with reference to the specific influencing factors. We collected TOC samples from the Holocene sediments of Lake Kanas, in the southern Altai Mountains, for AMS 14C dating and compared the results with AMS 14C ages based on terrestrial plant macrofossils from the same depths. The results show that the reservoir ages progressively increased from ∼0 to ∼2800 yr between ∼9700 cal BP and ∼530 cal BP. As the lake catchment was glaciated prior to the Holocene, and Holocene soils and peats are the main sources of the TOC in the lake sediments, we argue that soil erosion is the major factor contributing to the progressive increase in the reservoir age. Based on previously reported evidence for increasing moisture in central Asia and glacier advances in the mid-to-late Holocene, we suggest that the intensified soil erosion on the hillslopes was caused by increased precipitation during the mid-to-late Holocene and by anthropogenic forest clearance after 1500 cal BP.
Northward range expansion ofLeptogorgia dakarensisandEunicella racemosa(Cnidaria: Gorgoniidae: Anthozoa) in the Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Abou Oualid Jaouad , Ait Alla Aicha , Moukrim Abdellatif , López-González Pablo J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIdentifying species and updating marine biodiversity is fundamental to understanding the evolution of ecosystems and adopting appropriate management strategies. These ecosystems are threatened by climate change causing species mobility, mortality, etc. An important zoological group in the marine ecosystem, octocoral gorgonians have a wide geographic and bathymetric distribution. However, the knowledge of their presence on the Atlantic West African coasts remains limited. Herein, we note the accurate geographic distribution of two species,Leptogorgia dakarensis(Stiasny, 1936) andEunicella racemosa(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857), reporting their northern distributional limits. The gaps in the previous knowledge hypothesis of the oceanic warming effects explaining the northward mobility of these species are discussed here.
Terrorism-Related Attacks in East Asia from 1970 through 2020
Authors: Shin Heejun , Hertelendy Attila J. , Hart Alexander , Tin Derrick , Issa Fadi , Hata Ryan , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAim:This study aims to analyze and describe terrorism-related attacks in East Asia from 1970 through 2020.Background:East Asia consists of South Korea, North Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Macao. According to the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 2022, the impact of terrorism in East Asia is very low. However, the assassination of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on July 8, 2022 demonstrates that East Asia is not safe from terrorist attacks. This descriptive analysis of terrorist attacks in East Asia will help first responders, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), hospital-based medical providers, and policymakers establish a more refined hazard vulnerability assessment (HVA) framework and develop a Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery plan.Methods:This is a descriptive observational study drawing data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) from January 1, 1970 through December 31, 2020. Epidemiology outcomes included primary weapon type, primary target type, the country where the incident occurred, and the number of total deaths and injured collected. Data from 2021 were not yet available at the time of this study. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp.; Redmond, Washington USA) for analysis.Results:There were 779 terrorism-related events in East Asia from 1970 through 2020. In total, the attacks resulted in 1,123 deaths and 9,061 persons injured. The greatest number of attacks (371; 47.63%) occurred in Japan and the second most occurred in China (268; 34.4%). Explosives were the most used primary weapon type (308; 39.54%) in the region, followed by incendiary devices (260; 33.38%). Terrorist attacks drastically diminished from their peak of 92 in 1990, but there were additional peaks of 88 in 1996, 18 in 2000, 20 in 2008, and 36 attacks in 2014.Conclusions:A total of 779 terrorist attacks occurred from 1970 through 2020 in East Asia, resulting in 1,123 deaths and 9,061 injuries. Of those, 82.03% attacks occurred in Japan and China. Terrorist attacks drastically diminished since their peak in 1996, but there is an overall uptrend in attacks since 1999.
Wenn das Studieren außer Kontrolle gerät
Authors: Schaefer Julia , Strob Jacqueline 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, eine deutschsprachige Adaptation der Bergen Study Addiction Scale (BStAS), einer Skala zur Erfassung von exzessivem Studierverhalten, zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Methode: Die Daten von 615 Studierenden wurden analysiert. Die Dimensionalität der BStAS wurde mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse überprüft. Außerdem wurden Korrelations- und hierarchische Regressionsanalysen durchgeführt, um Zusammenhänge von exzessivem Studierverhalten mit Persönlichkeit und Gesundheit zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Der Vergleich mit Dynamic Fit Index Cutoffs deutete auf eine moderate Missspezifikation des einfaktoriellen Modells hin. Wie erwartet war exzessives Studierverhalten positiv mit wöchentlichen Lernstunden, Neurotizismus, wahrgenommenem Stress, psychosomatischen Beschwerden und Schlafproblemen assoziiert und hing negativ mit Lebenszufriedenheit zusammen. Schlussfolgerung: Es ist fraglich, ob alle Items der BStAS Aspekte einer Verhaltenssucht erfassen. Die Ergebnisse legen dennoch nahe, dass die BStAS ein Studierverhalten misst, das in Bezug auf physische und psychische Gesundheit von Relevanz ist.
Rice‐Animal Co‐Culture Systems Benefit Global Sustainable Intensification
Authors: Cui Jinglan , Liu Hongbin , Wang Hongyuan , Wu Shuxia , Bashir Muhammad Amjad , Reis Stefan , Sun Qiaoyu , Xu Jianming , Gu Baojing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProducing more food with less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions is a grand challenge for the 21st century. Strategies to successfully promote win‐win outcomes for both food security and environmental health are not easy to identify. Here we comprehensively assess an ecological rice‐animal co‐culture system (RAC) (e.g., rice‐fish, rice‐duck, and rice‐crayfish) through a global meta‐analysis and identify the potential benefits of global promotion. Compared to traditional monoculture of rice or animal production, the RAC can not only reduce the demand for agricultural land areas, but also increase rice yields (+4%) as well as nitrogen use efficiency of rice (+6%). At the same time, RAC reduces nitrogen losses (−16% runoff and −13% leaching) and methane emissions (−11%), except for rice‐fish coculture systems, which are likely to increase methane emissions (+29%). Furthermore, RAC increases the net income of farmers through reducing cost of fertilizer and pesticide input and achieving higher outputs with more marketable products. According to the development stage of different countries, promotion of RAC will thus realize multiple benefits and aid sustainable intensification.