bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of varying coconut coir substrates and loam soil on the physiology, and biochemical constituents of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. esculentum) grown under greenhouse environment
Authors: Mogale Jeffrey Thema , Maluleke Mdungazi Knox 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reducing, reusing, and recycling are the three fundamental principles, of which the circular economy aims to maximise. This approach uses by-products as a raw material to produce new products. Coconut coir, a by-product of coconut fruit (Cocos nucifera L.), is an organic substrate made from the fruit’s mesocarp, or outer husk, and is thought to have environmental benefits due to its re-usability. Due to its excellent air-porosity, ranging from 28 to 95%, the substrate provides an excellent growing environment for healthy plants. Most growers have adopted the use of organic substrates in greenhouse crop production to minimise costs since they are re-usable. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of coconut coir substrates on the physiological processes, yield, and nutritional contribution of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. esculentum) cultivated in greenhouse environment. Two coconut coir substrates with different air-filled porosity, and nutrient qualities were compared with the standard loam soil. The study revealed that tomato plants grown in coconut coir substrates with moderate air-filled porosity (AFP 28%) had higher fruit number compared to other treatments. Fruit grown in coconut coir with good air-filled porosity (AFP 33%) exhibited higher lycopene (87 mg/100 g DW) compared to other treatments. Thus, it can be deduced that tomatoes grown in coconut coir substrates (AFP 28 and 33%) have a potential to yield more fruits that are higher in nutrients. Therefore, large-scale validation studies should be conducted to corroborate this study's preliminary findings.
Challenges in the modeling and simulation of turbulent supercritical fluid flows and heat transfer
Authors: Wan Teng , Zhou Mingshuo , Zhao Pinghui , Wang Xingjian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Supercritical fluids (SCFs) hold potential in the fields of energy and advanced propulsion, highlighting the significance of comprehensively investigating SCF flow and heat transfer characteristics. The intricate and nonlinear thermophysical property variations of SCFs coupled with the primitive variables in the conservation equations pose several challenges in effectively modeling and simulating SCF flows and heat transfer. This paper conducts a thorough assessment of commonly used equations of state and look-up tables for describing the thermophysical properties of SCFs. The data-driven methods based on machine learning for SCFs are also discussed. The challenges associated with direct numerical simulation, Reynolds-averaged simulation, and large-eddy simulation of SCFs are examined. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation and discussion of the issue of turbulence modeling strategies that stem from low-pressure or ideal-gas conditions directly applied to SCF flow and heat transfer. The primary objective is to provide guidance for future research, thereby advancing and promoting the modeling and simulations of SCF flows and heat transfer.
From Turing’s conception of machine intelligence to the evolution of AI in early childhood education: conceptual, empirical, and practical insights
Authors: Chen Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly permeating many aspects of our everyday lives and nearly every sector of society. In education, AI innovations are increasingly recognized for their transformative potential for enhancing teaching and student learning. In this article, I focus specifically on the evolution of AI in early childhood education (ECE), serving children from birth to age 8. To shed light on this phenomenon, I synthesize pertinent literature to yield conceptual, empirical, and practical insights. I begin with a historical perspective, tracing the origins of Turing’s conception of machine intelligence and the term “AI” to the current practical applications of AI in ECE and AI use by, for, and with children. I then examine developmental appropriateness and ethical considerations surrounding AI use. Next, I identify new opportunities and challenges for early childhood teachers, offering practical recommendations for education leaders and proposing future research directions. Finally, I conclude by reimagining an AI-powered future of ECE, emphasizing the need for supportive practices, active engagement, and the cultivation of positive dispositions among all key stakeholders, who must keep pace with the evolving AI landscape by navigating new opportunities, emerging challenges, and innovative developments. Additionally, I reimagine a transformative educational landscape enriched by student-centered, innovative teaching practices that catalyze learning in an AI-child interactive environment. In this reimagined and progressive educational landscape, the children are empowered with equal opportunities and equitable resources to naturally learn about and from developmentally appropriate AI tools as well as leverage them in ethical and responsible ways to enhance their learning.
Boys, girls, and children: gender and question-wording in the measurement of authoritarianism
Authors: Peterson David A.M. , Swartz Carrie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The standard measure of authoritarianism asks respondents about desirable qualities in children. Although these questions are gender-neutral, respondents may differ in the gender of the child in their heads when answering. The items also may tap into gendered expectations about boys' and girls' behavior. We conducted three experiments that randomly assigned respondents to be asked about a child, a boy, or a girl in the items. We compare the means, measurement properties, and correlation between authoritarianism and other important variables across the conditions. Asking respondents about a girl creates significant differences in the level and measurement of authoritarianism, which is partially driven by the respondents' sexism. There are, fortunately, few other significant differences in the correlates of authoritarianism.
Presenting the StanDat database on international standards: improving data accessibility on marginal topics
Authors: Bjørkholt Solveig 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article presents an original database on international standards, constructed using modern data gathering methods. StanDat facilitates studies into the role of standards in the global political economy by (1) being a source for descriptive statistics, (2) enabling researchers to assess scope conditions of previous findings, and (3) providing data for new analyses, for example the exploration of the relationship between standardization and trade, as demonstrated in this article. The creation of StanDat aims to stimulate further research into the domain of standards. Moreover, by exemplifying data collection and dissemination techniques applicable to investigating less-explored subjects in the social sciences, it serves as a model for gathering, systematizing, and sharing data in areas where information is plentiful yet not readily accessible for research.
Mapping connections between complex post-traumatic stress disorder and psychotic-like experiences among adolescents: a Gaussian and Bayesian network study
Authors: Jannini Tommaso B. , Socci Valentina , Schimmenti Adriano , Terrone Grazia , Sideli Lucia , Alameda Luis , Aas Monica , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Niolu Cinzia , Rossi Rodolfo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) is a newly recognized condition characterized by core PTSD symptoms and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) that has been associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). This study employs two psychopathology network approaches to identify which post-traumatic symptoms are related to PLEs in a sample of late adolescents. We propose that cPTSD symptoms play a crucial role in explaining the co-occurrence of trauma and PLEs.

Methods
A sample of 1010 late adolescents provided measures of post-traumatic symptomatology and PLEs. We estimated the Gaussian graphical network structure of PTSD/cPTSD symptoms and PLEs and assessed their bridge centrality indices. Bayesian network analysis was then used to estimate a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Gender was set as a moderator in both Gaussian and Bayesian models.

Results
Results show that affect dysregulation, a cPTSD domain, presented the highest bridge connection with the PLE cluster. Bayesian network analysis identified a pathway going from cPTSD items of worthlessness and relational dysregulation, to PLE items of paranoia and social anxiety. Additionally, we found relevant gender differences in network connectivity, with females showing higher connectivity compared to males.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the central role of affect dysregulation and negative self-concept in linking cPTSD to PLE symptoms, with specific differences according to gender. These insights underscore the need for targeted, gender-sensitive approaches in the prevention and treatment of PLEs among adolescents, emphasizing early intervention and tailored treatment strategies.
Reliability and validity assessment of working memory measurements
Authors: Liu Kexin , Murao Remi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research aims to identify a reliable method for measuring working memory (WM) within the context of second language learning. The goal of the study is to address the persistent problem of determining the most appropriate method for measuring WM. To achieve this objective, various WM measurement tasks, including the Digit Span Task, Listening Span Task, Sentence Recall Task (SRT) (both written and spoken), and Sentence Recognition Task, were administered to 39 participants. The experiments were conducted twice to assess the consistency and reliability of these measurement methods.
Through statistical analyses of results, this study endeavors to elucidate the relationship between diverse WM measurement tasks and English listening proficiency. The results of the test-retest correlation, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and Rasch reliability indicate that SRT (written mode) exhibited the highest reliability while other measurements also demonstrated decent reliability. Additionally, the SRT showed the strongest correlation with the TOEIC Listening Test, administered to test criterion-related validity. This research has the potential to provide valuable insights into the role of WM in second language acquisition and may serve as a methodological guide for future studies in this field.
Semantic change of robust
Authors: Ogasawara Sayaka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate that robust is currently undergoing a semantic shift, transforming itself into a quasi-intensifier of nouns, conveying positive evaluative meanings. The etymology and semantic development of robust is traced using information from the Oxford English Dictionary Online. In addition, examples from the British National Corpus up to the 1990's are used to analyse the semantic development of robust and to examine the origins of the intensifying or evaluative use of robust. It is argued that there are several patterns in the usage examples where robust behaves like a quasi-intensifier: involving noun gradability, repetition of adjectives and modal meaning of nouns. The final means of intensification is evaluative uses, where there is a multi-layered positive nuance that can be read into robust, making robust a versatile term. While the evaluative role of intensifiers has not been discussed in detail in previous studies, the present study shows that the language users often add positive evaluative meanings to their remarks, which can often be tantamount to an intensification.
Some generalized information and divergence generating functions: properties, estimation, validation, and applications
Authors: Saha Shital , Kayal Suchandan , Balakrishnan N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We propose Rényi information generating function (RIGF) and discuss its properties. A connection between the RIGF and the diversity index is proposed for discrete-type random variables. The relation between the RIGF and Shannon entropy of order q > 0 is established and several bounds are obtained. The RIGF of escort distribution is derived. Furthermore, we introduce the Rényi divergence information generating function (RDIGF) and discuss its effect under monotone transformations. We present nonparametric and parametric estimators of the RIGF. A simulation study is carried out and a real data relating to the failure times of electronic components is analyzed. A comparison study between the nonparametric and parametric estimators is made in terms of the standard deviation, absolute bias, and mean square error. We have observed superior performance for the newly proposed estimators. Some applications of the proposed RIGF and RDIGF are provided. For three coherent systems, we calculate the values of the RIGF and other well-established uncertainty measures, and similar behavior of the RIGF is observed. Further, a study regarding the usefulness of the RDIGF and RIGF as model selection criteria is conducted. Finally, three chaotic maps are considered and then used to establish a validation of the proposed information generating function.
Characterization of coastal habitats and marine benthic communities of the sub-Antarctic Crozet archipelago using underwater imagery
Authors: Lelièvre Yann , Le Gall Line , Dubois Philippe , Saucède Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sub-Antarctic marine life exhibits unique ecological traits and pronounced endemicity levels. Despite their ecological uniqueness and high conservation value, studies on sub-Antarctic benthic communities are scarce. Using underwater video imagery, we assessed the nearshore diversity and structure of faunal and algal communities of the Crozet archipelago along 12 scuba and remotely operated vehicle transects performed at Baie du Marin and Crique du Sphinx (Ile de la Possession). The influence of habitat types on species distribution was evaluated in relation to the setting up of submarine cables. A total of 51 faunal (mainly represented by Echinodermata and Porifera) and 14 algal (mainly represented by Rhodophyta) taxa were identified. The high habitat heterogeneity found in shallow waters (from 0 to 20 m depth) enhances the species richness and diversity, whereas deeper (> 20 m depth) areas were dominated by large sandy stretches and a lower diversity. Rocky habitats had the highest richness and diversity values, promoting local diversity. Submarine cables act as a hard substrate for species, whose suspended sections influence the composition and structure of benthic communities. This study improves our limited knowledge of benthic habitats and diversity from Crozet and constitutes a baseline for further monitoring of marine communities for conservation strategies related to this part of the French Southern Territories National Nature Reserve.
The temporal control and activity of maternal zsquildlike-A/hnrnpaba during zebrafish embryogenesis indicate a role in early pattern formation
Authors: Molnar Nicole , Capik Allie , Ishak Amgad , Maglakelidze Natella , Pasick Luke J. , Reneker Billie , Volino Alyse , O’Connell Marcia L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During embryogenesis in Danio rerio (zebrafish), the earliest morphological patterning events are dependent on the precise temporal translation and/or localization of specific maternal mRNAs/proteins. Dorsoventral patterning in particular requires the translocation of maternal factors that are present in the Balbiani Body from the vegetal region of the unfertilized egg to the future dorsal side of the embryo (Fuentes et al., 2020), leading to the localized activation of the β-catenin pathway in the cells in that region. Since zebrafish are chordates, this dorsoventral patterning then leads to the formation of neural tissue on the dorsal side of the embryo. What is not yet clear is the identity of all maternal and zygotic factors that first establish dorsoventral patterning, and which factors lead to the establishment of neural versus non-neural tissue. Taking an evolutionary approach to this question, we investigated a gene in zebrafish, zsquidlike-A (hnrnpaba), that is homologous to a key dorsoventral patterning gene in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) called squid (Kelley, 1993). While dorsoventral patterning in flies and fish looks quite different both morphologically and at the molecular level, we demonstrate that not only has a key dorsoventral patterning gene in flies been conserved in fish, maternal fish zsquidlike-A protein is synthesized precisely as dorsoventral patterning is unfolding in fish embryos, and in its absence, dorsoventral patterning is severely disrupted.
Increased risk of suicide among patients with social anxiety disorder
Authors: Wei Han-Ting , Tsai Shih-Jen , Cheng Chih-Ming , Chang Wen-Han , Bai Ya-Mei , Su Tung-Ping , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chen Mu-Hong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Increasing evidence has established a strong association between social anxiety disorder and suicidal behaviours, including suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. However, the association between social anxiety disorder and suicide mortality remains unclear.

Methods
This study analysed data from 15,776 patients with social anxiety disorder, extracted from a nationwide Taiwanese cohort between 2003 and 2017. Two unexposed groups without social anxiety disorder, matched by birth year and sex in 1:4 and 1:10 ratios, respectively, were used for comparison. Suicide deaths during the same period were examined. Psychiatric comorbidities commonly associated with social anxiety disorder, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, alcohol use disorder (AUD), substance use disorder (SUD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were identified.

Results
Time-dependent Cox regression models, adjusted for demographic factors and psychiatric comorbidities, revealed that individuals with social anxiety disorder had an increased risk of suicide (hazard ratio: 3.49 in the 1:4 matched analysis and 2.84 in the 1:10 matched analysis) compared with those without the disorder. Comorbidities such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, AUD, and SUD further increased the risk of suicide in patients with social anxiety disorder.

Conclusion
Social anxiety disorder is an independent risk factor for suicide death. Additional psychiatric comorbidities, including schizophrenia, major affective disorders, and AUD, further increased social anxiety disorder-related suicide risk. Therefore, mental health officers and clinicians should develop targeted suicide prevention strategies for individuals with social anxiety disorder.
The Politics of Police Reform in the States
Authors: Sances Michael W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The 2020 Black Lives Matter protests dramatically increased the salience of police reform, yet the US Congress failed to pass any reforms. In contrast, state governments have passed hundreds of police-related bills since 2020. I summarize the plethora of state reforms passed over this period by grouping them into 18 key areas, including 14 I classify as pro-reform and four I classify as anti-reform. Next, I describe how party control and public opinion relate to state reforms. I find that state party control is a robust predictor of enacting pro-police reform policies, and that reforms are more likely in states with more Democratic and more pro-reform publics. While police reforms are responsive to public opinion, they are also typically incongruent.
Elastic textile-based wearable modulation of musculoskeletal load: A comprehensive review of passive exosuits and resistance clothing
Authors: Talukder Amit , Jo Jeyeon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Elastic textiles play a critical role in passive wearable solutions for musculoskeletal load management in both passive exosuits and resistance clothing. These textiles, based on their ability to stretch and retract, can exhibit ambivalence in their load-modulating effects when used in occupational, rehabilitation, exercise, or everyday activity settings. While passive exosuits and resistance garments may appear similar in design, they have opposing goals: to reduce the musculoskeletal load in the case of exosuits and to increase it in the case of resistance clothing. Despite this intrinsic connection, these two approaches have not been extensively linked together. This review aims to fill this gap by examining the common and distinct principles of elastic textiles in passive exosuits and resistance clothing, shedding light on their interactions and the complex dynamics of musculoskeletal load systems. The effectiveness of different designs in passive exosuits that mimic musculoskeletal function and resistance clothing that increase the workload for strength training are critically reviewed. Current challenges in practical implementation and opportunities to improve critical issues, such as preload, thermal comfort, skin friction, and donning and doffing are also highlighted.
Antenatal Vitamin C differentially affects lung development in normally grown and growth restricted sheep
Authors: McGillick Erin V. , Orgeig Sandra , Allison Beth J. , Brain Kirsty L. , Niu Youguo , Itani Nozomi , Skeffington Katie L. , Kane Andrew D. , Herrera Emilio A. , Giussani Dino A. , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Chronic hypoxemia is a common cause of fetal growth restriction and can have significant effects on the developing fetal lung. Maternal antioxidant treatment in hypoxic pregnancy protects against offspring cardiovascular dysfunction. The effects of antenatal antioxidants on lung development in the chronically hypoxic growth restricted fetus is unknown.

Methods
We investigated the effect of maternal daily Vitamin C (200 mg/kg i.v. vs. Saline) for a month in late gestation on molecular markers regulating lung maturation between normoxic normally grown and hypoxic growth-restricted fetal sheep. Chronic fetal hypoxia and fetal growth restriction were induced by exposure to maternal chronic hypoxia (10% O2 vs. Normoxia=21% O2) from 105–138 d gestation (term=145 d).

Results
The data show a differential effect of antenatal Vitamin C treatment on regulation of genes involved in surfactant maturation, sodium movement and hypoxia signaling. Limited responsiveness to antenatal Vitamin C exposure in the lung of the hypoxic fetus, compared to responsiveness to antenatal Vitamin C in the normoxic fetus, suggests a maximal upregulation of the molecular signaling pathways in response to the chronic hypoxic insult alone.

Conclusion
We provide molecular insight into the heterogeneity of antenatal Vitamin C treatment on development of the normoxic and growth restricted hypoxic fetal lung.

Impact

The effect of maternal Vitamin C on molecular markers of lung maturation between normoxic normally grown and hypoxic growth restricted fetal sheep was unknown.

We show a differential effect of Vitamin C with a greater increase in molecular markers of lung maturation in normoxic compared with hypoxic fetuses.

Limited responsiveness in the hypoxic fetal lung is likely due to maximal upregulation by the hypoxic insult alone, thus added exposure to Vitamin C is unable to upregulate the system further.

The work highlights the need to understand differential effects of antenatal interventions in healthy and complicated pregnancy, prior to clinical translation.