bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumers’ ability to identify a surplus when returns to attributes are nonlinear
Authors: Lunn Peter D. , Somerville Jason 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrevious research in multiple judgment domains has found that nonlinear functions are typically processed less accurately than linear ones. This empirical regularity has potential implications for consumer choice, given that nonlinear functions (e.g., diminishing returns) are commonplace. In two experimental studies we measured precision and bias in consumers’ ability to identify surpluses when returns to product attributes were nonlinear. We hypothesized that nonlinear functions would reduce precision and induce bias toward linearization of nonlinear relationships. Neither hypothesis was supported for monotonic nonlinearities. However, precision was greatly reduced for products with nonmonotonic attributes. Moreover, assessments of surplus were systematically and strongly biased, regardless of the shape of returns and despite feedback and incentives. The findings imply that consumers use a flexible but coarse mechanism to compare attributes against prices, with implications for the prevalence of costly mistakes.
Judging fast and slow: The truth effect does not increase under time-pressure conditions
Authors: Nadarevic Lena , Schnuerch Martin , Stegemann Marlena J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to the information overload in today’s digital age, people may sometimes feel pressured to process and judge information especially fast. In three experiments, we examined whether time pressure increases the repetition-based truth effect — the tendency to judge repeatedly encountered statements more likely as “true” than novel statements. Based on the Heuristic-Systematic Model, a dual-process model in the field of persuasion research, we expected that time pressure would boost the truth effect by increasing reliance on processing fluency as a presumably heuristic cue for truth, and by decreasing knowledge retrieval as a presumably slow and systematic process that determines truth judgments. However, contrary to our expectation, time pressure did not moderate the truth effect. Importantly, this was the case for difficult statements, for which most people lack prior knowledge, as well as for easy statements, for which most people hold relevant knowledge. Overall, the findings clearly speak against the conception of fast, fluency-based truth judgments versus slow, knowledge-based truth judgments. In contrast, the results are compatible with a referential theory of the truth effect that does not distinguish between different types of truth judgments. Instead, it assumes that truth judgments rely on the coherence of localized networks in people’s semantic memory, formed by both repetition and prior knowledge.
Norm shifts under the strategy method
Authors: Columbus Simon , Böhm Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe strategy method is a powerful method for eliciting conditional cooperation in strategic interactions. Theoretically, players’ cooperation conditional on a specific level of others’ cooperation using the strategy method should be equal to their unconditional cooperation given an equivalent belief about others’ cooperation. However, using the Prisoner’s Dilemma, we show that decisions using the strategy method are more selfish than decisions under a simultaneous decision protocol predicted from players’ beliefs. This is driven entirely by lower cooperation among conditional cooperators with low expectations about others’ cooperation. We further show that relative to simultaneous choice, the strategy method shifts salient norms from an egalitarian fairness norm (‘give half’) to a reciprocity norm (‘match others’ behaviour’). This undermines cooperation among players with low beliefs about others’ cooperation. These results thus show that the strategy method does not merely hold beliefs constant, but also shifts which salient norms influence choice behaviour. This has important implications for the use of the strategy method in eliciting social preferences.
Agency and self-other asymmetries in perceived bias and shortcomings: Replications of the Bias Blind Spot and link to free will beliefs
Authors: Chandrashekar Subramanya Prasad , Yeung Siu Kit , Yau Ka Chai , Cheung Chung Yee , Agarwal Tanay Kulbhushan , Wong Cho Yan Joan , Pillai Tanishka , Thirlwell Thea Natasha , Leung Wing Nam , Tse Colman , Li Yan Tung , Cheng Bo Ley , Chan Hill Yan Cedar , Feldman Gilad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBias Blind Spot (BBS) is the phenomenon that people tend to perceive themselves as less susceptible to biases than others. In three pre-registered experiments (overall N = 969), we replicated two experiments of the first demonstration of the phenomenon by Pronin et al. (2002). We found support of the BBS hypotheses, with effects in line with findings in the original study: Participants rated themselves as less susceptible to biases than others (d= –1.00 [–1.33, –0.67]). Deviating from the original, we found an unexpected effect that participants rated themselves as having fewer shortcomings (d= –0.34 [–0.46, –0.23]), though there was support for the target’s main premise that BBS was stronger for biases than for shortcomings (d= –0.43 [–0.56, –0.29]). Extending the replications, we found that beliefs in own free will were positively associated with BBS (r ∼ 0.17–0.22) and that beliefs in both own and general free will were positively associated with self-other asymmetry related to personal shortcomings (r∼ 0.16–0.24). Materials, datasets, and code are available on https://osf.io/3df5s/.
Webcam-based online eye-tracking for behavioral research
Authors: Yang Xiaozhi , Krajbich Ian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExperiments are increasingly moving online. This poses a major challenge for researchers who rely on in-lab techniques such as eye-tracking. Researchers in computer science have developed web-based eye-tracking applications (WebGazer; Papoutsaki et al., 2016) but they have yet to see them used in behavioral research. This is likely due to the extensive calibration and validation procedure, inconsistent temporal resolution (Semmelmann & Weigelt, 2018), and the challenge of integrating it into experimental software. Here, we incorporate WebGazer into a JavaScript library widely used by behavioral researchers (jsPsych) and adjust the procedure and code to reduce calibration/validation and improve the temporal resolution (from 100–1000 ms to 20–30 ms). We test this procedure with a decision-making study on Amazon MTurk, replicating previous in-lab findings on the relationship between gaze and choice, with little degradation in spatial or temporal resolution. This provides evidence that online web-based eye-tracking is feasible in behavioral research.
How far is the suffering? The role of psychological distance and victims’ identifiability in donation decisions
Authors: Kogut Tehila , Ritov Ilana , Rubaltelli Enrico , Liberman Nira 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe are regularly told about people at various locations around the globe, both near and far, who are in distress or in dire need. In the present research, we examined how the prospective donor’s psychological distance from a given victim may interact with the victim’s identification to determine the donor’s willingness to accede to requests for donations to help the victim in question. In three studies, we measured willingness to donate (Studies 1 & 2) and actual donations (Study 3) to identified or unidentified victims, while measuring (Study 1) or manipulating (Studies 2 & 3) the psychological distance between prospective donors and the recipients. Results indicate that increasing the psychological distance between prospective donors and victims decreases willingness to help — but only when the victims are unidentified, not when they are identified. This suggests that victim’s identification mitigates the effect of distance on donor’s willingness to help.
Cross-national in-group favoritism in prosocial behavior: Evidence from Latin and North America
Authors: Fiedler Susann , Hellmann Dshamilja Marie , Dorrough Angela Rachael , Glöckner Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs individuals from different nations increasingly interact with each other, research on national in-group favoritism becomes particularly vital. In a cross-national, large-scale study (N = 915) including representative samples from four Latin American nations (Chile, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela) and the USA, we explore differences regarding nationality-based in-group favoritism. In-group favoritism is assessed through differences in prosocial behavior toward persons from the own nation as compared to persons from other nations in fully incentivized one-shot dictator games. We find strong evidence for national in-group favoritism for the overall sample, but also significant differences among national subsamples. Latin Americans show more national in-group favoritism compared to US Americans (interacting with Latin Americans). While US Americans mainly follow an equal split norm (for both in- and out-group interactions), Latin Americans do so only in in-group interactions. The magnitude of in-group favoritism increases with social distance toward the out-group.
Preference for playing order in games with and without replacement:
Motivational biases and probability misestimations
Authors: Suk Kwanho , Koo Jieun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This research explores the preference for playing order in games in
which each of several players draws a random event (e.g., a ball from an
urn), with and without replacement after each draw. Three studies show that
people tend to prefer to draw early regardless of whether the game is with
or without replacement, although the expected probability of winning is the
same irrespective of the draw order. The reasons for preferring earlier
draws differ depending on the game type. For games without replacement, the
biased preference for earlier draws is related to multiple motivational
factors such as aversion to uncertainty, ambiguity, and uncontrollability.
Game valence also affects draw order preference through the misestimation of
winning probabilities: people tend to prefer earlier draws in a
gain-dominant game (i.e., a higher probability of winning) but prefer later
draws in a loss-dominant game (i.e., a higher probability of losing). For
games with replacement, preference for earlier draws is mainly explained by
uncertainty aversion, with little bias in probability estimations.
Violations of economic rationality due to irrelevant information during
learning in decision from experience
Authors: Spektor Mikhail S. , Seidler Hannah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
According to normative decision-making theories, the composition of a
choice set should not affect people’s preferences regarding the different
options. This assumption contrasts with decades of research that have
identified multiple situations in which this principle is violated, leading
to context effects. Recently, research on context effects has been extended
to the domain of experience-based choices, where it has been shown that
forgone outcomes from irrelevant alternatives affect preferences — an
accentuation effect. More specifically, it has been shown that an option
presented in a situation in which its outcomes are salient across several
trials is evaluated more positively than in a context in which its outcomes
are less salient. In the present study, we investigated whether irrelevant
information affects preferences as much as relevant information. In two
experiments, individuals completed a learning task with partial feedback. We
found that past outcomes from non-chosen options, which contain no relevant
information at all, led to the same accentuation effect as did
counterfactual outcomes that provided new and relevant information. However,
if the information is entirely irrelevant (from options that could not have
been chosen), individuals ignored it, thus ruling out a purely perceptual
account of the accentuation effect. These results provide further support
for the influence of salience on learning and highlight the necessity of
mechanistic accounts in decision-making research.
Testing the ability of the surprisingly popular method to predict NFL games
Authors: Lee Michael D. , Danileiko Irina , Vi Julie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider the recently-developed “surprisingly popular” method for aggregating decisions across a group of people (Prelec, Seung and McCoy, 2017). The method has shown impressive performance in a range of decision-making situations, but typically for situations in which the correct answer is already established. We consider the ability of the surprisingly popular method to make predictions in a situation where the correct answer does not exist at the time people are asked to make decisions. Specifically, we tested its ability to predict the winners of the 256 US National Football League (NFL) games in the 2017–2018 season. Each of these predictions used participants who self-rated as “extremely knowledgeable” about the NFL, drawn from a set of 100 participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT). We compare the accuracy and calibration of the surprisingly popular method to a variety of alternatives: the mode and confidence-weighted predictions of the expert AMT participants, the individual and aggregated predictions of media experts, and a statistical Elo method based on the performance histories of the NFL teams. Our results are exploratory, and need replication, but we find that the surprisingly popular method outperforms all of these alternatives, and has reasonable calibration properties relating the confidence of its predictions to the accuracy of those predictions.
Scientific contagion heuristic: Judgments about the acceptability of water for religious use after potential scientific treatment
Authors: Mukherjee Sumitava , Mukherjee Payel C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe propose the concept of ‘scientific contagion’ — a mental heuristic through which any form of scientific treatment transfers some essence of ‘science’ to the processed substance, thereby affecting its nature and social acceptability. This was tested regarding the potential treatment of water from natural sources before it is used for religious purposes, as many such sources have dangerous pollutants. For an ancient natural well having a religious narrative, most participants judged that the acceptability of water would be reduced for religious purposes but not for drinking if local officials scientifically treat the water. That is not the case if religious rituals are conducted on the water instead (Study 1). If water from a “holy river” is processed scientifically, most participants predicted that it would reduce acceptability for religious use while increasing acceptability for drinking (Study 2). Potential scientific treatment without altering the composition of water from a natural spring also decreased acceptability for religious use but there was no effect on acceptability for drinking or on willingness to pay money for the water (Study 3). A follow-up study comparing acceptability for different kinds of water sources — from a holy well, natural spring, and household tap water sourced from either underground wells or rivers found lower acceptability for religious usage compared to drinking after potential scientific treatment for all these waters, but more so for holy and natural waters (Study 4). These studies establish the phenomena of scientific contagion that could have significant social implications and open future directions.
Australia’s first case of glyphosate-resistant tall fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) and alternative herbicide options for its control
Authors: Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTall fleabane is emerging as a problematic weed species in the eastern cropping region of Australia. Recently, growers indicated poor control of tall fleabane to the field rate of glyphosate in fallow fields. Pot studies were conducted in an open field at the Gatton farm of the University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia, to confirm the level of glyphosate resistance in a putative glyphosate-resistant (GR) tall fleabane population and to evaluate the performance of alternative postemergence herbicides to control GR tall fleabane. Compared with a glyphosate-susceptible (GS) population, the level of resistance in the GR population was 4-fold and 3.5-fold greater based on plant survival and biomass, respectively. The target-site resistance mechanism was not present because both the GR and GS populations had the same gene sequence. There were several effective alternative herbicides for the control of small (4-leaf stage) plants of tall fleabane, but to control large (12- to 14-leaf stage) plants, the sole application of saflufenacil + trifludimoxazin or its mixtures with glyphosate, glufosinate, or paraquat were the best herbicide treatments. This is the first published report on the occurrence of GR tall fleabane in Australia. Growers need to use integrated management strategies to mitigate the further spread of GR tall fleabane in fallow fields as well as glyphosate-resistant crops.
Non-invasive photoacoustic computed tomography of rat heart anatomy and function
Authors: Lin Li , Tong Xin , Cavallero Susana , Zhang Yide , Na Shuai , Cao Rui , Hsiai Tzung K. , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComplementary to mainstream cardiac imaging modalities for preclinical research, photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) can provide functional optical contrast with high imaging speed and resolution. However, PACT has not been demonstrated to reveal the dynamics of whole cardiac anatomy or vascular system without surgical procedure (thoracotomy) for tissue penetration. Here, we achieved non-invasive imaging of rat hearts using the recently developed three-dimensional PACT (3D-PACT) platform, demonstrating the regulated illumination and detection schemes to reduce the effects of optical attenuation and acoustic distortion through the chest wall; thereby, enabling unimpeded visualization of the cardiac anatomy and intracardiac hemodynamics following rapidly scanning the heart within 10 s. We further applied 3D-PACT to reveal distinct cardiac structural and functional changes among the healthy, hypertensive, and obese rats, with optical contrast to uncover differences in cardiac chamber size, wall thickness, and hemodynamics. Accordingly, 3D-PACT provides high imaging speed and nonionizing penetration to capture the whole heart for diagnosing the animal models, holding promises for clinical translation to cardiac imaging of human neonates.
All-perovskite tandems go bifacial
Authors: Mahesh Suhas , Chen Bin , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAll-perovskite tandem cells are attractive candidates for next-generation photovoltaic technology as they hold the potential to combine high-efficiency with low weight and reduced energy-payback times. Now, researchers show that such tandem cells can be engineering to be bifacial, allowing them to utilize stray light reflected off the surrounding environment, resulting in a 17% boost in the power output.
Spatiotemporal view of malignant histogenesis and macroevolution via formation of polyploid giant cancer cells
Authors: Li Xiaoran , Zhong Yanping , Zhang Xudong , Sood Anil K. , Liu Jinsong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo understand how malignant tumors develop, we tracked cell membrane, nuclear membrane, spindle, and cell cycle dynamics in polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) during the formation of high-grade serous carcinoma organoids using long-term time-lapse imaging. Single cells underwent traditional mitosis to generate tissue with uniform nuclear size, while others formed PGCCs via asymmetric mitosis, endoreplication, multipolar endomitosis, nuclear fusion, and karyokinesis without cytokinesis. PGCCs underwent restitution multipolar endomitosis, nuclear fragmentation, and micronuclei formation to increase nuclear contents and heterogeneity. At the cellular level, the development of PGCCs was associated with forming transient intracellular cells, termed fecundity cells. The fecundity cells can be decellularized to facilitate nuclear fusion and synchronized with other nuclei for subsequent nuclear replication. PGCCs can undergo several rounds of entosis to form complex tissue structures, termed fecundity structures. The formation of PGCCs via multiple modes of nuclear replication in the absence of cytokinesis leads to an increase in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio and intracellular cell reproduction, which is remarkably similar to the mode of nuclear division during pre-embryogenesis. Our data support that PGCCs may represent a central regulator in malignant histogenesis, intratumoral heterogeneity, immune escape, and macroevolution via the de-repression of suppressed pre-embryogenic program in somatic cells.
Characterizing the tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level reveals a novel immune evasion mechanism in osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Weijian , Hu Hongzhi , Shao Zengwu , Lv Xiao , Zhang Zhicai , Deng Xiangtian , Song Qingcheng , Han Yong , Guo Tao , Xiong Liming , Wang Baichuan , Zhang Yingze 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe immune microenvironment extensively participates in tumorigenesis as well as progression in osteosarcoma (OS). However, the landscape and dynamics of immune cells in OS are poorly characterized. By analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, which characterize the transcription state at single-cell resolution, we produced an atlas of the immune microenvironment in OS. The results suggested that a cluster of regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) might shape the immunosuppressive microenvironment in OS by recruiting regulatory T cells. We also found that major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules were downregulated in cancer cells. The findings indicated a reduction in tumor immunogenicity in OS, which can be a potential mechanism of tumor immune escape. Of note, CD24 was identified as a novel “don’t eat me” signal that contributed to the immune evasion of OS cells. Altogether, our findings provide insights into the immune landscape of OS, suggesting that myeloid-targeted immunotherapy could be a promising approach to treat OS.
Use of a dual genetic system to decipher exocrine cell fate conversions in the adult pancreas
Authors: Zhao Huan , Huang Xiuzhen , Liu Zixin , Lai Liang , Sun Ruilin , Shen Ruling , Li Yan , He Lingjuan , Pu Wenjuan , Lv Zan , Li Yi , Han Ximeng , Liu Xiuxiu , Zhou Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnraveling cell fate plasticity during tissue homeostasis and repair can reveal actionable insights for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. In the pancreas, it remains controversial whether lineage transdifferentiation among the exocrine cells occur under pathophysiological conditions. Here, to address this question, we used a dual recombinase-mediated genetic system that enables simultaneous tracing of pancreatic acinar and ductal cells using two distinct genetic reporters, avoiding the “ectopic” labeling by Cre-loxP recombination system. We found that acinar-to-ductal transdifferentiation occurs after pancreatic duct ligation or during caerulein-induced pancreatitis, but not during homeostasis or after partial pancreatectomy. On the other hand, pancreatic ductal cells contribute to new acinar cells after significant acinar cell loss. By genetic tracing of cell proliferation, we also quantify the cell proliferation dynamics and deduce the turnover rate of pancreatic exocrine lineages during homeostasis. Together, these results suggest that the lineage transdifferentiation happens between acinar cells and ductal cells in the pancreatic exocrine glands under specific conditions.