bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniform excess of g-frames
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmad , Askarizadeh Abbas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Let

{

Λ
i

}

i
∈
ℐ

{\{\Lambda_{i}\}_{i\in\mathcal{I}}}

be a g-frame for

𝒰

{\mathcal{U}}

with respect to

{

𝒱
i

}

i
∈
ℐ

{\{\mathcal{V}_{i}\}_{i\in\mathcal{I}}}

, where

𝒰

{\mathcal{U}}

and

{

𝒱
i

}

i
∈
ℐ

{\{\mathcal{V}_{i}\}_{i\in\mathcal{I}}}

are Hilbert spaces. The excess of

{

Λ
i

}

i
∈
ℐ

{\{\Lambda_{i}\}_{i\in\mathcal{I}}}

is the largest cardinal number of the subsets

𝒥

{\mathcal{J}}

of

ℐ

{\mathcal{I}}

such that

{

Λ
i

}

i
∈

ℐ
∖
𝒥

{\{\Lambda_{i}\}_{i\in\mathcal{I\setminus J}}}

is a g-frame for

𝒰

{\mathcal{U}}

with respect to

{

𝒱
i

}

i
∈

ℐ
∖
𝒥

{\{\mathcal{V}_{i}\}_{i\in\mathcal{I\setminus J}}}

. In this paper, we consider the excess of a g-frame and introduce the concept of m-uniform excess for g-frames. Also, we present constructions of m-uniform excess g-frames. Finally, we investigate the relationship between m-uniform excess g-frames and woven g-frames.
Comparative investigation of chemical and structural properties of charred fir wood samples by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy as well as X-ray-micro-CT technology
Authors: Ebner David H. , Tortora Mariagrazia , Bedolla Diana E. , Saccomano Giulia , Vaccari Lisa , Barbu Marius-Catalin , Grzybek Jakub , Schnabel Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wood surface charring is a treatment method commonly employed to enhance weather protection and aesthetic appearance of building exteriors. This study aims to investigate the differences between two wood surface charring processes: the traditional Japanese method known as Yakisugi and an alternative charring technique industrially manufactured with a gas burner. The objective of the study was to assess whether a thicker layer after Yakisugi treatment has any advantages over a thinner layer after the alternative process. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques including UV resonance Raman (UVRR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, were utilized in conjunction with X-ray-micro-CT analysis. The findings revealed that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy detected the degradation of carbohydrates and changes in lignin within the charred surface, although both processes exhibited similar vibrational contributions. In contrast, UVRR spectroscopy provided insights into the carbonized layers, revealing spectral differences indicating variations in temperature during the charring processes. X-ray micro-CT analysis visually highlighted significant differences in the coal layers, suggesting distinct combustion profiles. Remarkably, the macrostructure of wood treated with Yakisugi remained intact despite a thicker charred layer compared to the alternative charring techniques. However, further investigations are required to assess the weather stability of the alternative charring method for a comprehensive understanding.
Crystal structure of cyclo[tetraiodido-bis{μ2-1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1-H-1,3-(2-isopropyl-imidazol)-k
2N:N}dicadmiun(II)], C26H30N10Cd2I4
Authors: Yang Hai-Yan , Wang Hong-Fang , Li Hui , Li Ying-Hua , Zhao Yao-Min 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
C26H30N10I4Cd2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.1164(10) Å, b = 15.9401(18) Å, c = 13.5531(17) Å, β =

96.067

(
4
)

∘

$96.067{(4)}^{\circ }$

, V = 1743.6(4) Å3, Z = 2,

R

g
t

${R}_{gt}$

(F) = 0.0394, ωR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1088, T = 273 K.
Activation of Basal Forebrain Astrocytes Induces Wakefulness without Compensatory Changes in Sleep Drive
Authors: Ingiosi Ashley M. , Hayworth Christopher R. , Frank Marcos G. 
Published: July 2023

Mammalian sleep is regulated by a homeostatic process that increases sleep drive and intensity as a function of prior wake time. Sleep homeostasis has traditionally been thought to be a product of neurons, but recent findings demonstrate that this process is also modulated by glial astrocytes. The precise role of astrocytes in the accumulation and discharge of sleep drive is unknown. We investigated this question by selectively activating basal forebrain (BF) astrocytes using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in male and female mice. DREADD activation of the Gq-protein-coupled pathway in BF astrocytes produced long and continuous periods of wakefulness that paradoxically did not cause the expected homeostatic response to sleep loss (e.g., increases in sleep time or intensity). Further investigations showed that this was not because of indirect effects of the ligand that activated DREADDs. These findings suggest that the need for sleep is not only driven by wakefulness per se, but also by specific neuronal-glial circuits that are differentially activated in wakefulness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSleep drive is controlled by a homeostatic process that increases sleep duration and intensity based on prior time spent awake. Non-neuronal brain cells (e.g., glial astrocytes) influence this homeostatic process, but their precise role is unclear. We used a genetic technique to activate astrocytes in the basal forebrain (BF) of mice, a brain region important for sleep and wake expression and sleep homeostasis. Astroglial activation induced prolonged wakefulness without the expected homeostatic increase in sleep drive (i.e., sleep duration and intensity). These findings indicate that our need to sleep is also driven by non-neuronal cells, and not only by time spent awake.
Direct and Indirect Nociceptive Input from the Trigeminal Dorsal Horn to Pain-Modulating Neurons in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla
Authors: De Preter Caitlynn C. , Heinricher Mary M. 
Published: July 2023

The brain is able to amplify or suppress nociceptive signals by means of descending projections to the spinal and trigeminal dorsal horns from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Two physiologically defined cell classes within RVM, “ON-cells” and “OFF-cells,” respectively facilitate and inhibit nociceptive transmission. However, sensory pathways through which nociceptive input drives changes in RVM cell activity are only now being defined. We recently showed that indirect inputs from the dorsal horn via the parabrachial complex (PB) convey nociceptive information to RVM. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there are also direct dorsal horn inputs to RVM pain-modulating neurons. We focused on the trigeminal dorsal horn, which conveys sensory input from the face and head, and used a combination of single-cell recording with optogenetic activation and inhibition of projections to RVM and PB from the trigeminal interpolaris-caudalis transition zone (Vi/Vc) in male and female rats. We determined that a direct projection from ventral Vi/Vc to RVM carries nociceptive information to RVM pain-modulating neurons. This projection included a GABAergic component, which could contribute to nociceptive inhibition of OFF-cells. This approach also revealed a parallel, indirect, relay of trigeminal information to RVM via PB. Activation of the indirect pathway through PB produced a more sustained response in RVM compared with activation of the direct projection from Vi/Vc. These data demonstrate that a direct trigeminal output conveys nociceptive information to RVM pain-modulating neurons with a parallel indirect pathway through the parabrachial complex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) pain-modulating neurons respond to noxious stimulation, which implies that they receive input from pain-transmission circuits. However, the traditional view has been that there is no direct input to RVM pain-modulating neurons from the dorsal horn, and that nociceptive information is carried by indirect pathways. Indeed, we recently showed that noxious information can reach RVM pain-modulating neurons via the parabrachial complex (PB). Usingin vivoelectrophysiology and optogenetics, the present study identified a direct relay of nociceptive information from the trigeminal dorsal horn to physiologically identified pain-modulating neurons in RVM. Combined tracing and electrophysiology data revealed that the direct projection includes GABAergic neurons. Direct and indirect pathways may play distinct functional roles in recruiting pain-modulating neurons.
Legal Status of the Navigable Rivers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th Centuries
Authors: Bedulskis Rimantas 
Published: July 2023

The article examines the legal status of the navigable rivers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (further – GDL) in the 16th–18th centuries, based on Lithuanian Statutes, Sejm resolutions (constitutions), city privileges, other legal sources, and historiographical data. The problem of the content and usage of the term "navigable river" found in multilingual sources is examined. The study showed that this term contained two meanings: it indicated the physical characteristics of rivers and defined their legal status as a free path. In these rivers, it was forbidden to build any obstacles that make navigation difficult (fish traps, mill dams, or other barriers) and to collect new "unusual" customs duties. In the GDL’s law, the problem of shipping obstacles has been tried to solve in two ways: a) by specifying the obstacles to be removed physically and/or providing fines; b) by the mandatory installation of gates in fish traps and dams.
Determinants of virological failure in HIV1 infected patients followed in a third-level hospital Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Pacome Monemo , Syndou Meite , Brittoh Mlan Alice , Flore Zaba , Jaures Yapi , Beda Monney , Jocelyne Abonou , Issa Dao , Hortense Faye­-Kette , Mireille Dosso 
Published: July 2023

: Côte d'Ivoire has been committed to achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) follow-up since 2015. The proportion of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was below the desired rates for 2020. The laboratory of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Yopougon has been equipped with instruments capable of quantifying the plasma viral load (VL) of PLHIV on ART. This quantification allowed for early detection of virological failure in PLHIV. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of virological failure and the epidemiological, immunological and virological determinants of virological failure in patients followed at the Yopougon University Hospital in Abidjan. : This was a retrospective study covering the period from January 1, 2015 to October 31, 2019. It was carried out on data related to blood samples (plasma) of PLHIV (infected with HIV-1) under ART for at least 6 months and who had quantified their viral load.: A total of 52356 PLHIV were included in this study. The age group 40-50 years comprised the majority of the patients (46.7%) with a median age of 40 +/- 0.3 years. The female sex predominated with 72% and a sex ratio of (M/F) = 0.38. The TCD4 cell were between 500 and 350 cells/µL in 57.0% of patients at treatment initiation. The TDF+3TC+EFV treatment regimen was prescribed in the majority of patients (88.62%). The population of patients with virological failure (defined as VL ≥ 1000 copies/ml) was 12924 or a prevalence of 24.7%. The determinants of virological failure were age ≤ 15 years, male sex and CD4+ LT rate below 250 cells/µL (p &#60;0.05).: The virological failure rate was high especially in children and male subjects at the Yopougon University Hospital. It appears therefore important to act on these determinants, by additional efforts through concrete actions such as regular and systematic measurement of CV at the time of rapid change of treatments with effective combinations for this type of PLHIV. The goal is to achieve the objectives of the UNAIDS to eradicate HIV by 2030.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C virus infection in patients attending tertiary care hospital of southern Haryana, India
Authors: Behl Shreya 
Published: July 2023

To find the seroprevalence of the Hepatitis C virus infection in the patients attending SHKM GMC, Nalhar.: A retrospective study was conducted in Department of Microbiology, SHKM GMC, Nalhar. The samples were taken from 16th August 2021 to 20th July 2022. A total of 11,890 samples were taken for study and HCV infection was diagnosed using ELISA and Rapid card test.: Out of 11,890 serum samples seroprevalence of HCV infection was found to be in 0.012% of the individuals.It is concluded that Mewat has a low seroprevalence of HCV infection.
Historical Folk Sociolinguistics
Authors: Preston Dennis R. 
Published: July 2023

This paper shows how the canonical definition of historical sociolinguistics as the study of language use fails to consider independent evidence for language attitudes, beliefs, and ideologies (i.e., language regard).[1] One approach to avoiding this limited understanding of use might lie in a historical folk sociolinguistics, in which particular attention is paid to the nonasserted (i.e., indirect, presuppositional, implicational, perlocutionary) meanings, described in Preston (2004) as “metalanguage 3.” Interactions in drama are first justified as “good data,” and analyses of such nonasserted elements of utterances show that they approach both the social psychological goal of uncovering implicit language regard behaviors and the variationist goal of determining the subjective correlates of variation and change.

[1] Language regard groups together social psychological (chiefly experimental, e.g., matched guise), anthropological (e.g., studies in language ideology), and sociolinguistic (e.g., folk linguistic and “third wave”) approaches to beliefs about and reactions to language use and language varieties. Preston (2018) reviews established and emerging relationships between these areas. The label is used throughout this paper to refer to all three areas as well as research methods derived from and combining them.
Performance of a Series of Polishing Ponds in the Treatment of Sanitary Sewage
Authors: Sales de Magalhães Adriana Barbosa , Xavier Bastos Rafael Kopschitz , Sánchez Ortiz Iván Andrés , De Magalhães Marcos Alves 
Published: July 2023

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the functioning of a system of polishing ponds on a pilot scale in the post-treatment of urban sewage discharged from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and followed by a submerged aerated filter. The following variables were analyzed: transparency, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, nitrate (N-NO3), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (PO43-), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophylla. In addition, the planktonic communities were also identified and quantified. During the study period, the pond system registered the following mean and standard deviation of the removal efficiencies: 32.9±31.7% of BOD, 26.5±33.9% of COD, and 29.0±49.6% of TSS; good performance was observed in the removal of nitrogen compounds, and the following results were obtained: 58.4±28.1%, 87.5±15.4%, 24.4±42.6%, and 9.4±51.8%, respectively for TKN, NH3, organic nitrogen, and N-NO3; and 26.9±25.8 of TP and 34.3±32.7% of PO4 3-. During the research period, the planktonic community was represented by the following classes: Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cyanobacteria, Cryptophyceae, Zygnemaphyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Dinophyceae; concurrently, the zooplankton registered low densities and was represented by the Rotiferous, Copepod, and Cladocera groups. The results help us understand the performance of polishing ponds in treating sanitary effluents.
Uma Análise da Regulação da Distância entre Humanos e Robôs pela Proxêmica
Authors: Solci Lucas Strozi , Azevedo Helio 
Published: July 2023

A teoria da proxêmica argumenta pela importância das pessoas regularem a distância que mantêm umas das outras, permitindo a construção de fronteira de espaço pessoal que, quando violada, gera desconforto. A disseminação de robôs na sociedade moderna cada vez mais direcionada para interação social com seres humanos, demanda que as regras de proxêmica sejam respeitadas. Para aprofundar essa questão foi realizada uma pesquisa sistemática na base PsycInfo com as palavras-chave “psychology* AND proxemic*” cobrindo um período de 5 anos (2017 a 2022). Essa pesquisa revelou um total de 56 referências. Desse total, 18 foram selecionadas e 38 rejeitadas por estarem fora do escopo. Os tipos de relações-base encontrados nos estudos foram: Pessoa-Avatar (22,2%), Pessoa-Robô (27,8%), Pessoa-Pessoa (27,8%) e Ausente (22,2%). A presença dos estudos com base na relação Pessoa-Avatar, mesmo sendo menor do que a da relação Pessoa-Pessoa, pode ser explicada pelo fato de que a utilização de avatares permite a coleta de dados objetivos sobre proxêmica. De fato, entre os argumentos que sustentam a utilização de avatares nos estudos de proxêmica estão: validade ecológica dos ambientes (ambientes de estudo não sofrem nenhuma alteração), capacidade de registrar respostas em tempo real e as estimativas de alta acurácia das reações involuntárias durante a comunicação com parceiros virtuais.
Análisis de las estrategias implementadas desde la economía solidaria para la reactivación económica en el Distrito de Santa Marta
Authors: Rodriguez Fernandez Andrea Carolina , Nuvaez Castillo José Javier 
Published: July 2023

La economía solidaria ha generado, grandes transformaciones sociales desde la perspectiva económica de las empresas. Así, de acuerdo a los principios de asociación, cooperación, solidaridad y satisfacción de las necesidades básicas, estas estructuras se presentan como una alternativa que propende por atenuar los efectos negativos de problemáticas sociales como la marginación, pobreza y exclusión, que se agravaron con la pandemia producida por el Covid-19. Bajo estos lineamientos, la presente investigación establece como finalidad analizar las acciones implementadas para la recuperación económica del Distrito de Santa Marta desde la perspectiva de la economía solidaria.
Recibido: 26 agosto 2022Aceptado: 02 mayo 2023
TEACHING METHODS OF CREATING SCIENTIFIC STYLE TEXTS FOR MASTER AND PHD STUDENTS
Authors: DGEBUADZE Marine 
Published: July 2023

Academic writing is an obligatory discipline of study in master's and doctoral studies. The assimilation of this subject should develop the student's skills to create analytical and scientific texts.
Therefore, studying academic writing is part of the study of rules of the scientific community. These rules are learned step by step, by writing texts and discussing them with different readers, giving and receiving feedback.
Collaborative peer-review, as a learning approach, is also useful as it strengthens feedback and collaboration skills. In many academic communities, texts are written by collaboration, and scientific publications go through a peer-review process in which experts in the field read and comment on manuscripts.
Academic writing requires a review of previously done research. When searching for existing articles based on existing research, students should understand the methods of finding scientific works and be able to critically evaluate sources of information. The subject of the study and discipline largely determine which sources students should use in their work.
The aim of teaching academic writing at the master's or doctoral level is to achieve a high quality of research papers submitted for the defense of the degree.
The main task of the programs is also the development of research skills in students, teaching them to search for the information they need, such as:
a) Viewing new literature on the subject (limiting the search to novelties) or visiting the library and locating the theme of interest in the catalogue;
b) Performing a search for information related to the subject in the databases of libraries;
c) Selection of interesting sources of information from references in the research literature that were found in databases;
d) Acquaintance with the style of citation adopted in a particular program.
Different topics may have their own citation practices, for which students receive guidance from program or librarians. It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the practice of citing sources early in the writing process.
Thus, the library is an indispensable resource for the formation of skills and training of students to create scientific texts.
The Ilia State University used two teaching methods for master and PHD Students: Project method and Peer review method.
The proposed article details the results of a study that compares the two teaching methods, their effectiveness and preference, as well as a comparison of the quality of written papers submitted for defense of the degree, after the training phase of both methods.
Movimento histórico do direito à educação para as pessoas com deficiência: prescrições das Constituições brasileiras
Authors: Bigarella Nadia , Bassi Tânia Mara dos Santos 
Published: July 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o direito à educação como um direito social de todos as pessoas com deficiência, salvaguardado nas Constituições brasileiras e na legislação educacional como universal e um dever estatal, estabelecido por meio de políticas fundamentadas em valores democráticos: universalização da educação pública, gratuita e inclusiva, pilares da cidadania e do Estado Democrático de Direito. As análises documentais e bibliográficas envolveram a legislação educacional, as Constituições brasileiras e os estudos teóricos de Saviani (2013), Horta (1998), Cury (2014) e Vieira (2007), que discutem o conceito de educação como um processo inclusivo, democrático, sistematizado e constitutivo de um percurso formativo valorizado, o qual amplia as possibilidades sociais, reconhecidas e positivadas como direito à educação de todos. Para que se materialize tal direito para as pessoas com deficiência, exige-se mais do que prescrições impressas nos documentos do Estado brasileiro, exigem-se políticas que ampliem a defesa de uma sociedade baseada em valores humanos, universais e de respeito às liberdades. Também, requerem-se esforços, estratégias e recursos que levem à sua concretização e contemplem, de fato, as especificidades e necessidades de todos.
Pemanfaatan sumber sejarah Prau kuno sebagai pembelajaran IPS Di SM/Mts
Authors: Prihati Wilujeng Marlynda Herliana 
Published: July 2023

Pemanfaatan situs sejarah sebagai sumber belajar yang merupakan alternative pembelejaran dari lingkungan sebagai penyokong keberhasilan pendidikan. Dengan memanfaatkan situs sejarah bisa membantu siswa dalam mengembangkan pola piker dan proses pembelajaran yang lebih berorientasi serta imajinasi. Hal itu pastinya akan meningkatkan peran serta keaktifan siswa dalam belajar sehingga diharapkan agar lebih tertarik dalam belajar sejarah dengan sumber belajar yang nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana pemanfaatan sumber sejarah situs perahu kuno serta relevansi bagi pembelajaran IPS di SMP/MTs. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang diperoleh berasal dari observasi, wawancara, dan literatur.
Kata kunci: Situs, Pembelajaran IPS