bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in primary and secondary metabolites of monascal brown rice through γ-aminobutyric acid microcapsule supplementation and untargeted metabolomic analysis
Authors: Uthai Narissara , Nuclear Paulwatt , Kraboun Kitisart 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to study the effect of modification of monascal brown rice (MBR) solid-state fermentation through supplementation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) microcapsules from the emulsification/internal gelation technique on dynamic changes in primary and secondary metabolites during 25-day fermentation to conduct metabolomic analysis. During MBR fermentation, the d50 values of GABA microcapsules increased due to their swelling during the MBR fermentation. The lowest encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and highest cumulative release (CR%) of GABA microcapsules found after 25 days of the fermentation were 40.18% and 89.13%, respectively. It was an interesting point that supplementation of microencapsulated GABA into MBR substrate could expand the stationary phase (days 10–20 of the fermentation) of M. purpureus growth curve compared to the control (days 10–15 of the fermentation). During the stationary phase, the concentrations of alanine, phenylalanine, arginine, tyrosine, and tryptophan in MBR fermentation with GABA microcapsule supplementation rose by more than 1.2-fold relative to the control, whereas linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid demonstrated increases of over 1.24, 1.31, and 1.42-fold, respectively. Following a 25-day fermentation period, the maximum concentration of GABA detected in the MBR supplemented with GABA microcapsules was 1,267.13 mg/kg, in comparison to the control. Considering HCA and variable importance in projection (VIP), the primary metabolites MBR from GABA microcapsule supplementation positively correlated with days 10 and 15 of the fermentation but days 20 and 25 of the fermentation for the secondary metabolites. The significant metabolic pathways based on the primary and secondary metabolites of MBR from GABA microcapsule supplementation were 1. starch and sucrose metabolism, 2. neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin biosynthesis, 3. biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, 4. phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, 5. arginine and proline metabolism, 6. citrate cycle (TCA cycle), 7. fructose and mannose metabolism, and 8. pyruvate metabolism.
Breast cancer surveillance for epithelial ovarian cancer patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Hasegawa-Minato Junko , Tochigi Mikako , Miyahara Shuko , Kudo Kei , Shibuya Yusuke , Hashimoto Chiaki , Ishibashi Masumi , Shigeta Shogo , Tokunaga Hideki , Shimada Muneaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To identify a method for breast cancer (BC) surveillance in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (gBRCA1/2m) and the incidence of BC after EOC in the era of broad PARP inhibitors use.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data on EOC patients who had gBRCA1/2m by genetic testing between January 2017 and August 2023 in our single center.

Results
Of 125 patients with EOC, 33 had gBRCA1/2m. Of these, 27 (81.8%) underwent BC surveillance, 20 ultrasound and/or mammography, and seven magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The median time from EOC diagnosis to the initiation of BC surveillance was 8 months. EOC recurrence was significantly lower in the group with MRI than in the group without MRI (no case vs. 10 cases, P = .0261). The duration from EOC diagnosis to the start of BC surveillance was longer in the group with MRI than in the group without MRI (21 vs. 7 months, P = .1033). Two (6.1%) patients developed BC after EOC. Both cases were early stage, triple-negative BCs that occurred more than 3 years after the diagnosis of stage III EOC.

Conclusions
With the advent of PARP inhibitors, long-term survival is expected to increase, and a certain number of patients with EOC after initial treatment may benefit from BC surveillance using MRI. In particular, BC surveillance with MRI may be considered for patients who have not experienced EOC recurrence for more than 2 years.
Super-resolution expansion microscopy in plant roots
Authors: Gallei Michelle , Truckenbrodt Sven , Kreuzinger Caroline , Inumella Syamala , Vistunou Vitali , Sommer Christoph , Tavakoli Mojtaba R , Agudelo Dueñas Nathalie , Vorlaufer Jakob , Jahr Wiebke , Randuch Marek , Johnson Alexander , Benková Eva , Friml Jiří , Danzl Johann G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Super-resolution methods provide far better spatial resolution than the optical diffraction limit of about half the wavelength of light (∼200-300 nm). Nevertheless, they have yet to attain widespread use in plants, largely due to plants’ challenging optical properties. Expansion microscopy improves effective resolution by isotropically increasing the physical distances between sample structures while preserving relative spatial arrangements and clearing the sample. However, its application to plants has been hindered by the rigid, mechanically cohesive structure of plant tissues. Here, we report on whole-mount expansion microscopy of thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) root tissues (PlantEx), achieving a four-fold resolution increase over conventional microscopy. Our results highlight the microtubule cytoskeleton organization and interaction between molecularly defined cellular constituents. Combining PlantEx with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, we increase nanoscale resolution and visualize the complex organization of subcellular organelles from intact tissues by example of the densely packed COPI-coated vesicles associated with the Golgi apparatus and put these into a cellular structural context. Our results show that expansion microscopy can be applied to increase effective imaging resolution in Arabidopsis root specimens.
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity prediction of sugar substitutes: an in silico approach with compound-gene interactions network
Authors: Arulanandam Charli Deepak , Babu Venkatadri , Soorni Yugendhar , Prathiviraj Ragothaman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sugar substitutes are mostly artificial, man-made industrial products used as additives in food and beverages. Most of these substances flow through the digestive tract and food chains, becoming emerging organic contaminants in various abiotic and biotic environmental media. Here, we predict the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of commonly used sugar substitutes using in silico based methods. The simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) of sugar substitutes was obtained from the PubChem database for toxicity predictions. Here, sixteen sugar substitutes tested out of these four compounds Glucin (GLU), and 5-nitro-2-propoxyaniline (P-4000), SCL, Ace were predicted as mutagens by using in silico tools such as LAZAR, pKCSM, and Toxtree. Based on the predicted results GLU and P-4000 were predicted as carcinogenic sugar substitutes. Also the study conducted compound gene interaction network to identify the direct connection between sugar substitutes and its corresponding receptors.
Systematics of the colour-polymorphic spider genus Cybaeolus, with comments on the phylogeny of the family Hahniidae (Araneae)
Authors: Burgo Agustina , Catley Kefyn , Grismado Cristian J , Dupérré Nadine , Benjamin Suresh P , Hormiga Gustavo , Griswold Charles , Martínez Leonel , Ramírez Martín J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We revise the spider genus Cybaeolus Simon, 1884, endemic to Chile and Argentina, including three species, Cybaeolus delfini (Simon, 1904), Cybaeolus pusillus Simon, 1884, and Cybaeolus rastellus (Roth, 1967). The genus Clitistes Simon, 1902 is synonymized with Cybaeolus, and its type species Clitistes velutinus Simon, 1902 is synonymized with Cybaeolus pusillus. We provide a phylogenetic analysis of Cybaeolus and representatives of Hahniidae and outgroups, using molecular markers. Because Cybaeolus is nested within Hahniinae, we synonymize the subfamily Cybaeolinae Lehtinen, 1967 with Hahniinae Bertkau, 1878, and provide an updated diagnosis of Hahniidae using characters of the male palp and spinning organs. We trace the evolution of the characteristic transversal arrangement of spinnerets of hahniids; our results indicate that the grouped spinnerets of Cybaeolus, as well as the presence of many piriform gland spigots, is a reversion to the ancestral state found in outgroups. The morphology of the male palp of hahniids suggests that the tibial retrolateral apophysis of the male is a functional conductor of the intrommittent organ during mating. We document the colour polymorphism of the three species of Cybaeolus, which is unrelated to geographic location and time of collection, and similar morphs occur in both sexes of different species.
The Impact of Modifier-22 on Reimbursement Following Acetabular Fracture Fixation
Authors: Bischoff Caleb J. , Rucinski Kylee , Hoskins Wayne , Haase Douglas R. , Bellamy Jaime L. 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES:
The 22-modifier in the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) system indicates increased surgical procedure complexity, aiming to secure greater reimbursement for surgeons. This study investigated the 22-modifier on reimbursement amounts after acetabular fracture fixation.

METHODS:

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Academic Level I Trauma Center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Included were patients with third party reimbursement for acute acetabular fracture (AO/OTA 62A-C) fixation through an open approach from 2005 to 2021 as identified using CPT codes 27226, 27227 and 27228.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Chart review identified procedures where the 22-modifier for obesity or fracture complexity was applied. A cohort without the 22-modifier matched by diagnosis, primary CPT code and insurance carrier was made for comparison. The primary outcome measure was the difference in financial reimbursement when the 22-modifier was used. Secondary outcomes were the difference in billed charges and operative time.

RESULTS:
A total of 785 cases were initially identified with 747 meeting the inclusion criteria, and 73 having the 22-modifier applied. After removing surgeries that did not receive compensation from their insurance, 52 of these patients were compared to 52 matched cases without a 22-modifier. The 22-modifier group and the non-modifier group had no significant difference in reimbursed amounts ($4,112.71 USD vs. $3,851.00, p = 0.644). However, patients in the 22-modifier group had significantly greater billed charges ($8,007.35 vs. $7,120.94 USD; p = 0.0096), longer operative times (301.7 vs. 240.2 minutes, p < 0.001) and greater body mass index (BMI) (43.1 vs 29.3 kg/m2; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite increased complexity and greater billed charges, the use of a 22-modifier in acetabular fracture cases did not result in improved collected reimbursements, and reimbursement is equal to when the 22-modifier is not used. Policymakers and insurers should revise reimbursement structures to better align reimbursements for acetabular fixation with surgical complexity.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Level III
The Complete Blood Count Sepsis Index Using Monocyte Distribution Width for Early Detection of Sepsis in Patients Without Obvious Signs
Authors: Levin Scott , Sarani Nima , Hinson Jeremiah , Naiman Melissa , Cannon Chad , Smith Aria , Steinhart Benjamin , DeBraine Arnaud , Kehoe Sarah , Immhoff Bryan , Taribichi Yasir , Malinovska Alexandra , Badaki-Makun Kemi 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES:
Exploiting the complete blood count (CBC) with differential (CBC-diff) for early sepsis detection has practical value for emergency department (ED) care, especially for those without obvious presentations. The objective of this study was to develop the CBC Sepsis Index (CBC-SI) that incorporates monocyte distribution width (MDW) to enhance rapid sepsis screening.

DESIGN:
A retrospective observational study.

SETTING:
The ED of the University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.

PATIENTS:
All adult patients (age 18 or over) presenting to the ED between August 8, 2020, and April 1, 2022, that received a CBC-diff as part of routine clinical care.

INTERVENTIONS:
MDW, WBC count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were used to develop a CBC-SI (0 low to 5 high risk) for early sepsis detection. The diagnostic performance of CBC-SI was evaluated for patients with and without obvious early signs of sepsis.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
In a cohort of 51,407 ED visits, 1,683 (3.3%) met sepsis criteria; 1,343 (79.8%) septic patients presented with obvious signs and 340 (20.2%) without. The overall area under the curve of the CBC-SI was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81–0.85). A CBC-SI of greater than or equal to 1 point exhibited a sensitivity of 83.1% (95% CI, 79.9–86.2%) and specificity of 64.8% (95% CI, 64.0–65.5%). Superior performance was observed in the patient subgroup presenting without obvious signs; greater than or equal to 1 point, 81.1% (95% CI, 73.2–88.9%) sensitivity and 69.1% (95% CI, 68.3–69.9%) specificity. Septic patients without obvious signs exhibited delays in antibiotic administration from arrival (median 4.7 vs. 3.4 hr; p < 0.001) and higher rates of ICU admission (43.8% vs. 27.9%; p < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (14.7% vs. 9.8%; p = 0.011) compared with the septic subgroup presenting with obvious signs.

CONCLUSIONS:
The CBC-SI demonstrated strong performance for early sepsis detection. Its performance was best for nonobvious presentations, suggesting highest utility in a subgroup that is most susceptible to delayed interventions and poorer outcomes.
Disorders of Lymphatic Architecture and Flow in Critical Illness
Authors: Itkin Maxim , Horak Jiri , Pascual Jose L. , Chang Cherylee W. J. , Lile Deacon , Tomita Beverly , Bass Gary Alan , Kovach Stephen J. , Kaplan Lewis J. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
To provide a narrative review of disordered lymphatic dynamics and its impact on critical care relevant condition management.

Data Sources:
Detailed search strategy using PubMed and Ovid Medline for English language articles (2013–2023) describing congenital or acquired lymphatic abnormalities including lymphatic duct absence, injury, leak, or obstruction and their associated clinical conditions that might be managed by a critical care medicine practitioner.

Study Selection:
Studies that specifically addressed abnormalities of lymphatic flow and their management were selected. The search strategy time frame was limited to the last 10 years to enhance relevance to current practice.

Data Extraction:
Relevant descriptions or studies were reviewed, and abstracted data were parsed into structural or functional etiologies, congenital or acquired conditions, and their management within critical care spaces in an acute care facility.

Data Synthesis:
Abnormal lymph flow may be identified stemming from congenital lymphatic anomalies including lymphatic structure absence as well as acquired obstruction or increased flow from clinical entities or acute therapy. Macro- and microsurgical as well as interventional radiological techniques may address excess, inadequate, or obstructed lymph flow. Patients with deranged lymph flow often require critical care, and those who require critical care may concomitantly demonstrate deranged lymph flow that adversely impacts care.

Conclusions:
Critical care clinicians ideally demonstrate functional knowledge of conditions that are directly related to, or are accompanied by, deranged lymphatic dynamics to direct timely diagnostic and therapeutic interventions during a patient’s ICU care episode.
Innovations in Nipple-areolar Complex Reconstruction: Evaluation of a New Prosthesis
Authors: Riccio Michele , Aquinati Angelica , Fordellone Mario , Carboni Nicola , Marchesini Andrea , De Francesco Francesco 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) is a crucial step for completing breast restoration with patient satisfaction. Surgical reconstruction or tattooing of the NAC may not be preferable or feasible for some patients. There is no universal method for NAC that is ideal for every patient or clinical situation. Various approaches often do not maintain projection over time. Over time, several techniques have been perfected, including the C-V flap, to improve and support projection for patients with bilateral implant-based reconstructions.

Methods:
We used, for the first time, prosthetic devices for NAC reconstruction and examined the safety of these devices associated with ease of implantation and patient satisfaction levels using a survey conducted during a 1-year follow-up. We enrolled 20 individuals who opted for these NAC prostheses following unilateral or bilateral breast reconstruction and following NAC excision.

Results:
Ninety percent of the participants expressed satisfaction or high satisfaction with the appearance and balance of the new NAC. The prosthetics enhanced the overall body self-image and self-regard of all the study participants. Except for 4 patients, there were no reports of skin adverse reactions, infections, or erosion.

Conclusions:
Encouraged by these auspicious outcomes that indicate a significant rate of safety and satisfaction, we believe that this straightforward, noninvasive, affordable medical device deserves consideration as a reconstructive option for all patients seeking breast reconstruction, promoting full body integrity.
Penile Reconstruction in Aphallia: Modification of the De Castro Technique With Large Tissue Expander
Authors: Chen Joanna , Bautista Catherine H. , Patel Ashraf , French Mackenzie M. , Mienko Anna , Schaeffer Anthony J. , Wallis M. Chad , Gociman Barbu 
Published: January 2025

Summary:
Aphallia is an exceedingly rare congenital malformation. The condition is the result of a sporadic anatomic anomaly during fetal development in a 46, XY male patient with otherwise normal functioning testes and male sexual hormone metabolism. Neophallus reconstruction using the De Castro phalloplasty technique is currently the most accepted treatment modality for this condition. However, most case reports in the literature do not use tissue expansion. To achieve a larger neophallus and possibly decrease the need for secondary phalloplasty postpuberty, tissue expansion should be a standardized adjunct to the De Castro procedure in the management of all patients with congenital aphallia.
Revisiting Fat Graft Harvesting and Processing Technique to Optimize Its Regenerative Potential
Authors: Karina Karina , Biben Johannes A. , Ekaputri Krista , Krisandi Grady , Rosadi Imam , Sobariah Siti , Afini Irsyah , Widyastuti Tias , Zakiyah Alfida , Ernanda Difky 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The use of fat grafting has expanded to include cell and tissue regeneration, necessitating investigations to ensure the viability of stromal and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) within the transferred fat parcels. This study explored the impact of harvesting technique and centrifugation on the viability of stromal cells and ASCs in lipoaspirate.

Methods:
Fat was harvested from patients undergoing fat grafting using 2 types of liposuction cannula: (A) a 3-mm blunt tip cannula with 3 smooth holes and (B) a 2.4-mm, sharp point port, multihole blunt tip cannula. Fat from cannula B underwent different processing methods: no centrifugation, 300g, 600g, and 900g centrifugation. Stromal cells were isolated, quantified, and evaluated for viability. ASCs were cultured from these samples to confirm survival.

Results:
Lipoaspirates from 21 patients were analyzed. The mean stromal cell counts were 0.937 × 109 ± 0.346 × 109/mL for cannula A and 0.734 × 109 ± 0.266 × 109/mL for cannula B (P = 0.684), with viabilities of 98.79% and 98.22% (P = 0.631), respectively. ASCs isolated and after 2-passage culture were also higher for cannula A. Stromal cell quantification and viability were lowest in the noncentrifuged group (P < 0.05) and highest in the 600g centrifugation group.

Conclusions:
Fat harvesting using cannulas A and B showed no significant difference in stromal cell yield or viability. Handheld syringe liposuction preserved stromal vascular fraction cell and ASC viability. Centrifugation at different speeds did not significantly affect stromal cell viability.
Fat Grafting With Lymphedema Fat: From Trash to Treasure?
Authors: Hartiala Pauliina , Steiner Aida K. , Niemi Tarja 
Published: January 2025

Summary:
Liposuction is a common procedure for patients with lymphedema with nonpitting adipose tissue hypertrophy. However, routinely, the lipoaspirate is discarded. Experimental studies have shown that adipose-derived stem cells in fat may enhance the regenerative and lymphangiogenic effects of the fat. Recent evidence has shown that lymphedema fat is enriched in adipose-derived stem cell populations, thus making it an interesting regenerative option. This article introduces a novel surgical technique using the lipoaspirate of a patient with lymphedema for regenerative purposes. A 42-year-old woman developed lymphedema 18 months after mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection surgery. The patient underwent upper limb liposuction and latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction of the breast. Lipofilling of the flap and axillary area after scar release was performed using suctioned lymphedema fat. The results showed a sustained reduction in the volume of the lymphedema arm, an improved lymphatic transport index, decreased fluid extravasation, and new lymphatics in the upper arm. At 64-month follow-up, the patient had good breast symmetry, had minimal swelling of the lymphedema arm, and rarely used compression garments. This report is the first to use lymphedema fat for regenerative purposes, differentiating it from existing literature that uses healthy fat. In conclusion, successful dual-effect fat grafting with lymphedema fat presents a promising avenue for further investigation. This innovative approach addresses breast cancer-related lymphedema and offers potential benefits in regenerative and lymphangiogenic effects without the need for microsurgical expertise. This case report emphasizes the importance of exploring this novel option for future research and clinical applications.
Nuclear Waste Tank Emission Contributions to Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Matthews Brianna H. , Noble Stephen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pollutants from anthropogenic activities including industrial processes are ubiquitous to the environment. To understand the impact from industrial aerosol on climate and human health, industrial aerosol needs to be better characterized. In this study, particle number concentrations were used as a proxy for atmospheric pollutants, which include both particles and gases. Particle concentration and size distribution were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) approximately 4.5 km from primary industrial areas at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, SC. Industrial areas include numerous nuclear waste storage and processing tanks. The SMPS data were divided into two groups depending on the wind direction measured onsite to categorize transport from the industrial area or from elsewhere. Industrial contributions were found to have a higher concentration of particles with sizes less than 200 nm, 859 ± 564 cm−3
, in comparison to non-industrial attributed particles, 733 ± 495 cm−3
on average from March-July 2021. For sizes larger than 200 nm, industrial and non-industrial particles have a similar concentration, 89 ± 59 cm−3
and 99 ± 61 cm−3
, with non-industrial concentrations being slightly larger. To confirm that industrial particles could travel to the sampling location, air dispersion modeling was completed for specific case studies during the sampling period. The atmospheric dispersion modeling results confirmed that particles released at the industrial areas reached the sampling location when the wind direction was favorable for transport from the industrial areas. The greater concentration of smaller-sized particles in industrial emissions has implications for typical particulate measurements (PM2.5), heath impacts, and climatological influences.