bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Comparison of Oil Sources on Shorelines of Prince William Sound, Alaska, 17 Years After the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Authors: Short Jeffrey W. , Maselko Jacek M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnvironmental damage caused by accidental discharges of pollutants depends in part on the degree of prior contamination, in that increased pollution of an already heavily contaminated region will usually be considered less detrimental than equivalent pollution of a pristine region. Quantitative comparisons of specific pollution events with the extent and severity of prior contamination are rare, owing to difficulties in identifying and assessing contaminants remaining from prior pollution events, and in some cases contaminants from natural sources. The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) presents an unusual opportunity to quantitatively evaluate residual contaminants from petroleum sources on shorelines of Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. Here, we evaluate surface oil contamination from Monterey Formation petroleum-derived residues (released into PWS from ruptured storage tanks during the 1964 earthquake) on 200 shoreline segments selected at random within the EVOS spill path. We compare these results with previously estimated contamination from the EVOS and from other human activities. Our results indicate that residual shoreline contamination from the EVOS is more than ~ 50% greater than the sum total from human activity sites, that residual contamination by Monterey Formation sources is negligible in comparison to that from the EVOS, and that most of the shorelines in PWS were as close to pristine prior to the EVOS as is likely to be found anywhere else worldwide.
Pulsed thulium:YAG laser—ready to dust all urinary stone composition types? Results from a PEARLS analysis
Authors: Kwok Jia-Lun , Ventimiglia Eugenio , De Coninck Vincent , Corrales Mariela , Sierra Alba , Panthier Frédéric , Pauchard Felipe , Schmid Florian , Hunziker Manuela , Poyet Cédric , Daudon Michel , Traxer Olivier , Eberli Daniel , Keller Etienne Xavier 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate whether stone dust can be obtained from all prevailing stone composition types using the novel pulsed thulium:YAG (p-Tm:YAG), including analysis of stone particle size after lithotripsy.

Methods
Human urinary stones of 7 different compositions were subjected to in vitro lithotripsy using a p-Tm:YAG laser with 270 µm silica core fibers (Thulio®, Dornier MedTech GmbH®, Wessling, Germany). A cumulative energy of 1000 J was applied to each stone using one of three laser settings: 0.1 J × 100 Hz, 0.4 J × 25 Hz and 2.0 J × 5 Hz (average power 10 W). After lithotripsy, larger remnant fragments were separated from stone dust using a previously described method depending on the floating ability of dust particles. Fragments and dust samples were then passed through laboratory sieves to evaluate stone particle count according to a semiquantitative analysis relying on a previous definition of stone dust (i.e., stone particles ≤ 250 µm).

Results
The p-Tm:YAG laser was able to produce stone dust from lithotripsy up to measured smallest mesh size of 63 µm in all seven stone composition types. Notably, all dust samples from all seven stone types and with all three laser settings had high counts of particles in the size range agreeing with the definition stone dust, i.e., ≤ 250 µm.

Conclusion
This is the first study in the literature proving the p-Tm:YAG laser capable of dusting all prevailing human urinary stone compositions, with production of dust particles ≤ 250 µm. These findings are pivotal for the broader future implementation of the p-Tm:YAG in clinical routine.
Integration of photoperiodic and temperature cues by the circadian clock to regulate insect seasonal adaptations
Authors: Hidalgo Sergio , Chiu Joanna C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganisms adapt to unfavorable seasonal conditions to survive. These seasonal adaptations rely on the correct interpretation of environmental cues such as photoperiod, and temperature. Genetic studies in several organisms, including the genetic powerhouse Drosophila melanogaster, indicate that circadian clock components, such as period and timeless, are involved in photoperiodic-dependent seasonal adaptations, but our understanding of this process is far from complete. In particular, the role of temperature as a key factor to complement photoperiodic response is not well understood. The development of new sequencing technologies has proven extremely useful in understanding the plastic changes that the clock and other cellular components undergo in different environmental conditions, including changes in gene expression and alternative splicing. This article discusses the integration of photoperiod and temperature for seasonal biology as well as downstream molecular and cellular pathways involved in the regulation of physiological adaptations that occur with changing seasons. We focus our discussion on the current understanding of the involvement of the molecular clock and the circadian clock neuronal circuits in these adaptations in D. melanogaster.
Technical skill assessment in minimally invasive surgery using artificial intelligence: a systematic review
Authors: Pedrett Romina , Mascagni Pietro , Beldi Guido , Padoy Nicolas , Lavanchy Joël L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Technical skill assessment in surgery relies on expert opinion. Therefore, it is time-consuming, costly, and often lacks objectivity. Analysis of intraoperative data by artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential for automated technical skill assessment. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the performance, external validity, and generalizability of AI models for technical skill assessment in minimally invasive surgery.

Methods
A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore was performed to identify original articles reporting the use of AI in the assessment of technical skill in minimally invasive surgery. Risk of bias (RoB) and quality of the included studies were analyzed according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria and the modified Joanna Briggs Institute checklists, respectively. Findings were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Results
In total, 1958 articles were identified, 50 articles met eligibility criteria and were analyzed. Motion data extracted from surgical videos (n = 25) or kinematic data from robotic systems or sensors (n = 22) were the most frequent input data for AI. Most studies used deep learning (n = 34) and predicted technical skills using an ordinal assessment scale (n = 36) with good accuracies in simulated settings. However, all proposed models were in development stage, only 4 studies were externally validated and 8 showed a low RoB.

Conclusion
AI showed good performance in technical skill assessment in minimally invasive surgery. However, models often lacked external validity and generalizability. Therefore, models should be benchmarked using predefined performance metrics and tested in clinical implementation studies.
CDK4/6 inhibitors versus weekly paclitaxel for treatment of ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer with impending or established visceral crisis
Authors: Behrouzi Roya , Armstrong Anne C. , Howell Sacha J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC) with visceral crisis (VC) or impending VC (IVC) is commonly treated with chemotherapy instead of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i). However, there is little evidence to confirm which treatment is superior. This study compared outcomes of patients with ER+/HER2- ABC and IVC/VC treated with CDK4/6i or weekly paclitaxel.

Methods
Patients with ER+/HER2- ABC receiving first line treatment at a large tertiary UK cancer centre from 1-Mar-2017 to 30-Jun-2021 were retrospectively identified. Hospital records were screened for IVC/VC affecting the liver, lungs/mediastinum, gastrointestinal tract and/or bone marrow. Baseline demographics, clinical data and survival outcomes were recorded up to 30-Jul-2022.

Results
27/396 (6.8%) patients with ABC who received CDK4/6i and 32/86 (37.2%) who received paclitaxel had IVC/VC. Median time to treatment failure (TTF), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in the CDK4/6i compared to paclitaxel cohort: TTF 17.3 vs. 3.5 months (HR 0.33, 95%CI 0.17–0.61, p = 0.0002), PFS 17.8 vs. 4.5 months (HR 0.38, 95%CI 0.21–0.67, p = 0.002), OS 24.6 vs. 6.7 months (HR 0.37, 95%CI 0.20–0.68, p = 0.002). The median time to first improvement in IVC/VC was similar in patients receiving CDK4/6i compared to paclitaxel (3.9 vs. 3.6 weeks, p = 0.773). Disease control at 4 months was not significantly different in the CDK4/6i and paclitaxel cohorts (77.8% vs. 59.4%, p = 0.168). In multivariate analysis, treatment with CDK4/6i was independently associated with a longer PFS compared to paclitaxel (HR 0.31, 95%CI 0.12–0.78, p = 0.015).

Conclusion
In this retrospective study, patients with ER+/HER2- ABC and IVC/VC treated with CDK4/6i had a significantly better survival compared to those treated with weekly paclitaxel. Further prospective studies that minimise possible selection bias are recommended.
Trophic status determination of the Egyptian Eastern Mediterranean Sea based on phytoplankton diversity and their biochemical contents
Authors: Ismail Mona M. , Diab Mohamed H. , El-Sheekh Mostafa M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study attempted to test the applicability of using phytoplankton as a bioindicator for assessing water quality along the Eastern Alexandria coast, Egypt. Eight stations were selected to cover the different characteristics of seawater during the summer 2022. Six algal groups were detected in different ratios: Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Silicoflagellata, and Euglenophyceae. Phytoplankton abundance was found highest at the Port Said (PS) beach, and the lowest abundance was detected at Ras El Bar (RB) beach. According to the evaluation of phytoplankton abundance, all the studied stations are oligotrophic state except PS was eutrophic. Based on Chl a concentration, the selected stations could be described as good-bad from west to east. The Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness indexes classified the studied stations as being moderate pollution except for PS and RB stations. The existence of organic pollution indicators species like Navicula, Synedra, and Euglena is a warning indication of the declining water quality especially in B and M stations. The biochemical compositions of the collected phytoplankton were spatial fluctuated. Protein and carbohydrates were the dominant macromolecules in the phytoplankton community compared with lipids. These macromolecules are used to assess trophic states whereas the ratio between protein and carbohydrate > 1 represents a healthy coast as observed in some stations. Thus, phytoplankton should be considered a bioindicator within Water Framework Directive monitoring programs for the Mediterranean Sea. For the long-term monitoring of the Mediterranean Sea’s ecosystem, it is recommended that the macromolecules of phytoplankton should be determined.
The minimal genus problem for right angled Artin groups
Authors: Boyd Rachael , Kastenholz Thorben , Mutanguha Jean Pierre 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigate the minimal genus problem for the second homology of a right angled Artin group (RAAG). Firstly, we present a lower bound for the minimal genus of a second homology class, equal to half the rank of the corresponding cap product matrix. We show that for complete graphs, trees, and complete bipartite graphs, this bound is an equality, and furthermore in these cases the minimal genus can always be realised by a disjoint union of tori. Additionally, we give a full characterisation of classes that are representable by a single torus. However, the minimal genus of a second homology class of a RAAG is not always realised by a disjoint union of tori as an example we construct in the pentagon shows.
Adineta vaga under fire: simulating the impact of radiation
Authors: Perrot Alexandre , Hespeels Boris , Van Doninck Karine , Heuskin Anne-Catherine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the remarkable resistance of bdelloid rotifers to ionizing radiation, making them an interesting model system for studying radiation effects on living organisms. In this study, we use simulations, instead of direct experimental exposures, to examine whether all bdelloids are affected equally by radiation exposure and to explore the relationship between biological data and energy deposition patterns induced by low and high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. To this end, tool for particle simulation (TOPAS) a simulation tool, widely used in the field of medical physics and radiation therapy, was utilized. Using simulations for proton, iron ions, and X-ray exposure, our findings showed that all individuals, cells, and nuclei were effectively hit by the administered doses of 4 MeV protons, 0.5 GeV/n 56Fe, and X-ray radiation. The results support that the impact on survival and fertility rate measured in Adineta vaga is caused by radiation-induced damage rather than the absence of hits in certain individuals or germinal cells. Notably, simulations revealed significant differences between low- and high-LET radiation concerning irradiated individuals' nuclei. Specifically, for an equivalent dose, high-LET radiation requires fewer incident particles compared to low-LET radiation, resulting in a sparser distribution of radiation hits on the nucleus surface. In conclusion, the study supports the idea that reduced fertility described in high-LET exposed samples is associated with complex DNA damage caused by the condensed energy deposition pattern of high-LET radiation compared to low-LET.
Evidence summary on the non-pharmacological management of sleep disorders in shift workers
Authors: Wu Jin-yu , Li Hui , Shuai Jun-kun , He Yue , Li Peng-cheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate, and integrate the relevant evidence on the non-pharmacological management of sleep disorders in shift workers to provide a reference for improving sleep of shift workers.

Methods
According to the “6S” pyramid model of evidence, a comprehensive search was conducted in evidence-based databases, including BMJ-Best Practice, UpToDate, DynaMed, Cochrane Library, and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI); clinical practice guideline websites, such as the Guidelines International Network; professional association websites, such as the World Sleep Society; and literature databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biology Medicine disc (CBM) from inception to November 30, 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature in accordance with the evaluation standards; conducted the extraction, classification, and synthesis of the evidence; and evaluated its grade and recommendation grade.

Results
A total of 18 studies were included, including 2 clinical decisions, 2 guidelines, 3 expert consensuses, and 11 systematic reviews. In total, 25 pieces of evidence were summarized from 6 aspects: sleep assessment, sleep scheduling, sleep hygiene, light therapy, workplace intervention, and other managements.

Conclusion
This study summarized the best evidence for the non-pharmacological management of sleep disorders in shift workers. Shift workers should reasonably arrange their sleep time and develop good sleep hygiene. Additionally, work organizations should jointly promote sleep to improve the sleep conditions of shift workers and promote their physical and mental health.
An integrated and real-time social distancing, mask detection, and facial temperature video measurement system for pandemic monitoring
Authors: Elhanashi Abdussalam , Saponara Sergio , Dini Pierpaolo , Zheng Qinghe , Morita Daiki , Raytchev Bisser 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new Edge-AI algorithm for real-time and multi-feature (social distancing, mask detection, and facial temperature) measurement to minimize the spread of COVID-19 among individuals. COVID-19 has extenuated the need for an intelligent surveillance video system that can monitor the status of social distancing, mask detection, and measure the temperature of faces simultaneously using deep learning (DL) models. In this research, we utilized the fusion of three different YOLOv4-tiny object detectors for each task of the integrated system. This DL model is used for object detection and targeted for real-time applications. The proposed models have been trained for different data sets, which include people detection, mask detection, and facial detection for measuring the temperature, and evaluated on these existing data sets. Thermal and visible cameras have been used for the proposed approach. The thermal camera is used for social distancing and facial temperature measurement, while a visible camera is used for mask detection. The proposed method has been executed on NVIDIA platforms to assess algorithmic performance. For evaluation of the trained models, accuracy, recall, and precision have been measured. We obtained promising results for real-time detection for human recognition. Different couples of thermal and visible cameras and different NVIDIA edge platforms have been adopted to explore solutions with different trade-offs between cost and performance. The multi-feature algorithm is designed to monitor the individuals continuously in the targeted environments, thus reducing the impact of COVID-19 spread.
Non-response After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy—the Theoretical Need for Revisional Bariatric Surgery: Results from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry
Authors: Axer Stephan , Szabo Eva , Näslund Ingmar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Revisional surgery is a second-line treatment option after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastric bypass (GBP) in patients with primary or secondary non-response. The aim was to analyze the theoretical need for revisional surgery after SG and GBP when applying four indication benchmarks.

Method
Based on data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry, SG and GBP were compared regarding four endpoints: 1. excess weight loss (%EWL) < 50%, 2. weight regain of more than 10 kg after nadir, 3. fulfillment of previous IFSO-guidelines, or 4. ADA criteria for bariatric metabolic surgery 2 years after primary surgery.

Results
A total of 60,426 individuals were included in the study (SG: n = 7856 and GBP: n = 52,570). Compared to patients in the GBP group, more SG patients failed to achieve a %EWL > 50% (23.0% versus 8.5%, p < .001), regained more than 10 kg after nadir (4.3% versus 2.5%, p < .001), and more often fulfilled the IFSO criteria (8.0% versus 4.5%, p < .001) or the ADA criteria (3.3% versus 1.8%, p < 001) at the 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion
SG is associated with a higher risk for weight non-response compared to GBP. To offer revisional bariatric surgery to all non-responders exceeds the bounds of feasibility and operability. Hence, individual prioritization and intensified evaluation of alternative second-line treatments are necessary.

Graphical Abstract
Navigators and Negotiators: An Ecologically Informed Qualitative Study of Providers’ Perspectives on Their Roles in School-Based Mental Health Services
Authors: Lakind Davielle , Becker Kimberly D. , Chu Wendy , Boyd Meredith R. , Chorpita Bruce F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSchool-based mental health services (SMHS) offer a unique opportunity to embed support within a key developmental context, yet little research has examined SMHS providers’ fit within schools’ complex ecologies. Using a social-ecological framework, this qualitative study draws on focus groups with 67 SMHS providers from two large mental health systems to examine how school setting characteristics and interactions with school actors influenced their experiences providing SMHS. Thematic analysis revealed the importance of feeling valued by and connected to school staff, which facilitated strong ongoing communication and more effective collaboration. Providers described a flexible approach to communication and collaboration, including leveraging opportunities for informal conversation (e.g., in hallways or classrooms) to overcome barriers and boost their perceived value and connectedness. Opportunities for communication and connectedness were enhanced when providers worked in fewer schools, held roles on interdisciplinary teams, spent time in common spaces, when school staff shared providers’ understanding of mental health and SMHS, and when school policies and structural features facilitated their inclusion. Providers also discussed the variety of factors, including their place in the school ecology, that informed student wellbeing (e.g., disciplinary versus supportive responses to challenging student behaviors). This study suggests potential mechanisms on individual, school, and district levels to strengthen SMHS providers’ value and connectedness within the school ecology, and the importance of these factors to maintain strong communication and collaboration and effectively support youth and families.
Key factors influencing farmers’ adoption of sustainable innovations: a systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Rizzo Giuseppina , Migliore Giuseppina , Schifani Giorgio , Vecchio Riccardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the benefits of sustainable innovations in the agricultural sector being widely recognized, their adoption rate remains below the level designated by the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. To understand the reasons behind this phenomenon, the current systematic literature review (SLR) provides a comprehensive overview of factors affecting farmers’ innovation adoption behavior in developed countries. A total of 44 studies, published since 2010, were identified, analyzed, and summarized. The analysis revealed that specific innovation characteristics foster the innovation adoption process, together with individual psychological and socio-demographic features. It emerged that the path to adopting sustainable innovations can be driven by environmental values; for example, when comparing organic and conventional farming, organic farmers have a stronger environmental view and are more likely to take less into account economic gains. On the contrary, complexity of innovation, a high degree of innovation aversion, and a low perceived control over innovation are among the core barriers to the innovation adoption. Findings provide important insights on potential research avenues that could further depict farmers’ adoption dynamics of sustainable innovations.