bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures and P–T phase diagrams of SrC2O5 and BaC2O5
Authors: Sagatova Dinara N. , Gavryushkin Pavel N. , Sagatov Nursultan E. , Banaev Maksim V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present the results of a search for new stable structures of SrCO and BaCO in the pressure range of 0–100 GPa based on the density functional theory and crystal structure prediction approaches. We have shown that the recently synthesized pyrocarbonate structure SrCO‐ is thermodynamically stable for both SrCO and BaCO. Thus, SrCO‐ is stable relative to decomposition reaction above 10 GPa, while the lower‐pressure stability limit for BaCO‐ is 5 GPa, which is the lowest value for the formation of pyrocarbonates. For SrCO, the following polymorphic transitions were found with increasing pressure: at 40 GPa and 1000 K, at 90 GPa and 1000 K. SrCO‐ and SrCO‐ are characterized by the framework and layered structures of [CO] tetrahedra, respectively. For BaCO, with increasing pressure, decomposition of BaCO‐ into BaCO and CO is observed at 34 GPa without any polymorphic transitions.
Relativistic adapted Gaussian basis sets free of variational prolapse of small and medium size for cesium through radon
Authors: Gusmão Eriosvaldo Florentino , Haiduke Roberto Luiz Andrade 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRelativistic adapted Gaussian basis sets of small and medium sizes are presented in this study for all elements from cesium to radon, including some alternative electron configurations. Both basis sets are made free of variational prolapse, being developed by means of a polynomial version of the generator coordinate Dirac–Fock method. In addition, these sets were designed to be promptly used with two popular finite nuclear models, uniform sphere and Gaussian nuclei. The largest basis set errors found with the uniform sphere nucleus are 27.3 and 10.6 mHartree, respectively, for the small‐ and medium‐size sets. The largest basis set errors obtained with the Gaussian nuclear model are smaller, reaching 23.2 and 7.1 mHartree for the small‐ and medium‐size sets, respectively. Soon, these basis sets will be augmented with polarization functions to be properly used in molecular calculations.
Expansion, cohesion and diversity: The network advantages of microfinance groups in Indian villages
Authors: Lee Jaemin , Singh Mudit Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocial network approaches on microfinance self‐help groups (SHGs) find that their organizational capacity lies in network expansion—a social capital basis for various policy interventions through SHGs. To what extent do SHGs create connections in and out of the group boundaries in the caste‐ and gender‐segregated India? This study adds group cohesion and contact diversity as potential network advantages and fully assesses the relationship‐spanning structure of SHGs in India. Modelling network structures in 71 villages in the Diffusion of Microfinance dataset, we identify SHGs' community bonding as well as bridging capacities through the simultaneously expanded and cohesive helpful exchange ties. However, SHG members' exchange ties are more caste‐ and gender‐homogeneous, suggesting that SHGs bond rather than bridge individuals across these salient socio‐demographic groups. We develop a policy imperative to promote mixing based on the socio‐demographic composition when aggregating individual SHGs into higher‐level units.
Osmolality of fortified donor human milk: An experimental study
Authors: Pineda Daphne , Bingham Rhyan , Gates Amy , Thompson Amy B. , Stansfield Brian K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe quantify the osmolality of human milk fortified with human milk fortifiers (HMFs), powder infant formulas and protein additives.MethodsCommercial liquid HMFs and powder infant formulas were added to pasteurized pooled donor human milk in triplicate and stirred. The osmolality of unfortified and fortified human milk at 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, and 30 kcal/oz (0.73, 0.8, 0.87, 0.9, 0.93, and 1 kcal/ml, respectively) was determined using freezing‐point depression.ResultsThe osmolality of fortified human milk associated with energy density in a linear relationship regardless of the fortification strategies. Multiple liquid HMFs and every powder infant formula exceeded the osmolality threshold of 450 mOsm/kg H2O within the energy densities tested.ConclusionThe osmolality of fortified human milk is highly variable and should be considered when selecting a fortifying agent for human milk.
Biomarker proxies for reconstructing Quaternary climate and environmental change
Authors: McClymont Erin L. , Mackay Helen , Stevenson Mark A. , Damm‐Johnsen Thale , Honan Eleanor Maedhbh , Penny Claire E. , Cole Yasmin A. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTTo reconstruct past environmental changes, a range of indirect or proxy approaches can be applied to Quaternary archives. Here, we review the complementary and novel insights that have been provided by the analysis of chemical fossils (biomarkers). Biomarkers have a biological source that can be highly specific (e.g. produced by a small group of organisms) or more general. We show that biomarkers are able to quantify key climate variables (particularly water and air temperature) and can provide qualitative evidence for changes in hydrology, vegetation, human–environment interactions and biogeochemical cycling. In many settings, biomarker proxies provide the opportunity to simultaneously reconstruct multiple climate or environmental variables, alongside complementary and long‐established approaches to palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Multi‐proxy studies have provided rich sets of data to explore both the drivers and impacts of palaeoenvironmental change. As new biomarker proxies continue to be developed and refined, there is further potential to answer emerging questions for Quaternary science and environmental change.
Characterization of natural rubber concerning its components and molecular weight in Taraxacum kok‐saghyz Rodin using pyrolysis gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Haijing , Fan Xiuli , Yu Hong , Li Jiayang , Cui Xia , Xu Xia 
Published: August 2023

Taraxacum kok‐saghyz Rodin (TKS) has abundant natural rubber in its root and the molecular weight of its natural rubber is higher than that in Hevea brasiliensis. Thus, TKS is an excellent alternative for the commercial production of natural rubber. The content and molecular weight of natural rubber are two qualitative indicators. Efficient determination for both indicators is still a challenge. In this study, we developed a method to simultaneously determine the content and molecular weight of natural rubber in TKS with pyrolysis－gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The content of natural rubber was quantified by internal standard method. We optimized the pyrolysis temperature and chromatographic method during content determination. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.47 and 1.56 μg, respectively. In addition, the arachidonic acid methyl ester, an unsaturated fatty acid proposed from the α‐end group of natural rubber, was quantified to obtain the number of natural rubber polymers. Based on the content and the polymer number, we also quantified the molecular weight of natural rubber. Thus, the content and molecular weight of natural rubber were simultaneously determined in TKS. Our study provides a new perspective for the high throughput analysis of natural rubber.
Non‐Type 2 and Mixed Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Lower Airway Disease
Authors: Heffernan Austin , Shafiee Amir , Chan Teffran , Sparanese Sydney , Thamboo Andrew 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThe aim was to discuss the role of non‐type 2 inflammation in patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and comorbid lower airway disease.Data SourcesMedline, Embase, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, TRIP Database, ProQuest, Clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, government and health organizations, and graduate‐level theses.Review MethodsThis scoping review followed PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Search strategy was peer‐reviewed by medical librarians. Studies were included if they utilized airway sampling, non‐type 2 cytokines, and patients with CRS and lower airway disease.ResultsTwenty‐seven from 7060 articles were included. In patients with CRS and comorbid asthma, aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/bronchiectasis, 60% (n = 12), 33% (n = 2), and 100% (n = 1), respectively, demonstrated mixed or non‐type 2 endotypes. Comorbid CRS and asthma produced type 1 (n = 1.5), type 2 (n = 8), type 3 (n = 1), mixed type 1/2 (n = 1), and mixed type 1/2/3 (n = 8.5) endotype shifts. AERD demonstrated type 2 (n = 4), mixed type 2/3 (n = 1), and mixed type 1/2/3 (n = 1) endotype shifts. CRS with COPD or bronchiectasis demonstrated a mixed 1/2 (n = 1) endotype shift.ConclusionType 2 disease has been extensively reviewed due to advent biologics targeting type 2 inflammation, but outcomes may be suboptimal due to the presence of non‐type 2 inflammation. A proportion of patients with CRS and comorbid lower airway disease demonstrated mixed and non‐type 2 endotype shifts. This emphasizes that patients with unified airway disease may have forms of inflammation beyond classical type 2 disease which could inform biologic development. Laryngoscope, 134:1005–1013, 2024
Molecular Factors in Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Key Seraphina , Chia Clemente , Hasan Zubair , Sundaresan Purnima , Riffat Faruque , Dwivedi Raghav C. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveCarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor. Although multiple reviews have been published on salivary gland malignancies, it has been a decade since the last dedicated systematic review pertaining to CXPA alone was published. This study examines molecular factors in CXPA diagnosis.Data SourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science (BIOSIS), Cochrane CENTRAL, Health Collection (Informit), OpenDOAR, and GreyNet International.Review MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis from inception to October 31, 2022 for all English language studies pertaining to “carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.” Predicted incidence of each biomarker was calculated with meta‐analysis. Comparison against pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) when reported within the same study are performed. Risk of bias performed with JBI tool for prevalence studies.ResultsOf 19151 unique studies undergoing abstract screening, 55 studies (n = 1322 patients) underwent data analysis. Biomarkers with >3 studies were p53, HER2, AR, EGFR, PLAG1, ERBB, ER, PR, HMGA2, p16, p63, a‐SMA, RAS, PTEN, PDL1, BRAF, PIK3CA, and c‐kit. Highest incidence was seen in AR, EGFR, p16, and p53. Significant differences were demonstrated compared with PA and SDC. There was high heterogeneity and overall high risk of bias within studies.ConclusionMolecular factors are an area of interest in the diagnosis of CXPA. Our study results support examining CXPA as a discrete cohort in future targeted therapy trials. Laryngoscope, 134:1042–1053, 2024
Targeting drug‐tolerant cells: A promising strategy for overcoming acquired drug resistance in cancer cells
Authors: Song Xiaohai , Lan Yang , Zheng Xiuli , Zhu Qianyu , Liao Xuliang , Liu Kai , Zhang Weihan , Peng QiangBo , Zhu Yunfeng , Zhao Linyong , Chen Xiaolong , Shu Yang , Yang Kun , Hu Jiankun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrug resistance remains the greatest challenge in improving outcomes for cancer patients who receive chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Surmounting evidence suggests that a subpopulation of cancer cells could escape intense selective drug treatment by entering a drug‐tolerant state without genetic variations. These drug‐tolerant cells (DTCs) are characterized with a slow proliferation rate and a reversible phenotype. They reside in the tumor region and may serve as a reservoir for resistant phenotypes. The survival of DTCs is regulated by epigenetic modifications, transcriptional regulation, mRNA translation remodeling, metabolic changes, antiapoptosis, interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and activation of signaling pathways. Thus, targeting the regulators of DTCs opens a new avenue for the treatment of therapy‐resistant tumors. In this review, we first provide an overview of common characteristics of DTCs and the regulating networks in DTCs development. We also discuss the potential therapeutic opportunities to target DTCs. Last, we discuss the current challenges and prospects of the DTC‐targeting approach to overcome acquired drug resistance. Reviewing the latest developments in DTC research could be essential in discovering of methods to eliminate DTCs, which may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing drug resistance in the future.
Inverted gracilis muscle free flap with intraoral vascular anastomoses for facial reanimation in vessel depleted neck: A case report
Authors: De Cicco Davide , Bottini Gian Battista , Lizambri Daniele , Gaggl Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe reinnervated gracilis muscle free flap represents a workhorse of facial reanimation. This procedure is carried out secondarily to parotid resections, due to advanced tumors that spread to the surrounding structures. Finding recipient vessels might be problematic if other reconstructive procedures are needed to address the defects. This paper describes a procedure to inset a reinnervated gracilis muscle free flap in a vessel depleted patient, through intraoral anastomoses to avoid venous interposition grafts. A 52‐year‐old man developed an advanced adenocarcinoma of the deep parotid lobe and underwent radical surgical excision including the mandibular ramus, condyle, and facial soft tissues (defect size: 8 cm × 4 cm). A secondary double‐flap reconstruction restored the mandibular defect and inset a cross‐face nerve graft. A third intervention finalized the facial reanimation with a 10 cm reinnervated gracilis muscle free flap. The gracilis flap inset was inverted resulting in the proximal flap (pedicle side) lying on the buccal aspect. This allowed vessel joining from the contralateral side via intraoral anastomoses. No complications occurred within and after the intervention. However, the adenocarcinoma relapsed before reinnervation of the gracilis. The patient also had distant brain and lung metastases and received best supportive care. The inverted gracilis muscle free flap may represent an option for attaining facial reanimation in vessel‐depleted patients avoiding long interposition venous grafts.
Men and women experience different barriers to care seeking for fecal incontinence
Authors: Moureau Madeline K. , Jones Lisa M. , Schmuhl Nicholas B. , Brown Heidi W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite effective treatments for fecal incontinence (FI), FI remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. This study sought to characterize and compare rates of, delays in, experiences with, and barriers to care seeking for FI among men and women.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of electronic survey data collected from adults with FI. The survey included the use of a validated instrument to assess FI severity and questions that now comprise a validated instrument for assessing barriers to care seeking for FI in women. Descriptive analyses characterized differences between men and women. χ2 testing for categorical variables and t‐testing for normally distributed continuous variables compared statistical differences.ResultsThe sample (N = 548) was predominately female (84%), non‐Hispanic White (90%), and insured (96%), with a mean Vaizey score (13.4 ± 5.3) consistent with moderate or severe FI. Care seeking rates (p = 0.81) and symptom duration before care seeking (p = 0.23) did not differ between women and men, but women were more likely than men to be told that effective treatments exist; most male and female respondents who sought care were offered treatment. Very few respondents had been asked about FI by a healthcare provider. Whereas normative thinking, limited life impact, and believing that a healthcare provider could not help were more common barriers to care seeking among men, avoidance, fear, and discouragement were more common in women.ConclusionsMen and women with FI seek care at similar rates and after experiencing symptoms for a similar duration of time. Very few patients with FI have been screened for it by a healthcare provider. Barriers to FI care seeking are different for women and men, and men are less likely than women to be informed about effective treatments by a healthcare provider.
Barriers to the implementation of virtual care programmes for patients with chronic wounds: Qualitative empirical research
Authors: Babaei Nasib , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Valizadeh Leila , Lotfi Mojgan , Kousha Ahmad , Samad‐Soltani Taha , Avazeh Marziyeh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the barriers to the implementation of virtual care for patients with chronic wounds from wound therapists' perspective.DesignA qualitative study.MethodsThe study was conducted in two consecutive phases: (1) literature review, (2) descriptive qualitative study. In the first phase, texts published in English until 2023 were identified using international databases. The entire text of the selected studies was evaluated independently by two reviewers. Data analysis was carried out using textual content analysis. In the second phase of the study, twelve participants from Iranian wound care clinics participated. Data were collected through focus group discussion and analysed using conventional content analysis. Integration of both phases was conducted in the data analysis stage.ResultsThe most important barriers in providing virtual care to patients with chronic wounds were identified into five categories including lack of policymaking in virtual care, ethical challenges in virtual information and communication technology, social, economic and cultural issues, IT users' insufficient knowledge and limitation of virtual care scope of practice.ConclusionThe findings of the present study identified different barriers in the implementation of virtual care for patients with chronic wounds. In order to successfully develop a virtual care programme, it is necessary to adopt suitable policies regarding information and communication technology, provide the necessary legal frameworks, assign an adequate budget and consider the ethical, cultural, social and social issues.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareIdentifying barriers to developing a virtual care programme will help manage patients with chronic wounds at home.ImpactThis study accurately identifies barriers to providing virtual care for patients with chronic wounds and helps plan to address these barriers and facilitate the development of a virtual care programme for these patients at home.Reporting MethodThis research has adhered to the SRQR reporting guideline.No Patient or Public ContributionThe involvement of patients or the public in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research was not suitable.
Fabrication and characterization of epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposites reinforced with mercapto‐functionalized nanozirconia filler
Authors: Toiserkani Hojjat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a new type of nanocomposite material by reinforcing epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) through the integration of mercapto‐functionalized nanozirconia (SH‐ZrO2 NPs) synthesized using a ring‐opening reaction. The ENR was prepared through the epoxidation of natural rubber (NR) using in situ generated performic acid from formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The SH‐ZrO2 NPs were pretreated and systematically embedded into the ENR matrix via a latex‐casting process, resulting in ENR/SH‐ZrO2 nanocomposites with enhanced properties. To prevent the accumulation of nanofillers in the ENR matrix, the surface of the nanozirconia was treated with 3‐(mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MTS) to create mercapto‐terminated ZrO2 NPs (SH‐ZrO2 NPs) that were covalently attached to the ENR chains. The presence of MTS on the surface of the nanozirconia was confirmed by FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analyses. Structural and morphological characterization of the resulting nanocomposites was performed using standard techniques such as x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and TGA. The morphological studies indicated a uniform distribution of SH‐ZrO2 NPs throughout the ENR matrix. Furthermore, TGA analysis revealed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was improved, as evidenced by a shift in the decomposition temperature to a higher value compared to neat ENR. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of SH‐ZrO2 NPs as an effective reinforcing agent in ENR‐based nanocomposites, with improved thermal stability and homogeneity.Highlights
Enhanced nanocomposite properties: Integration of mercapto‐functionalized nanozirconia improves the performance of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) materials.
Innovative synthesis approach: SH‐ZrO2 NPs synthesized via ring‐opening reaction offer a novel method for reinforcing ENR matrices.
Improved thermal stability: ENR/SH‐ZrO2 nanocomposites exhibit higher decomposition temperatures, indicating enhanced thermal stability.
Uniform dispersion: Morphological studies confirm the uniform distribution of SH‐ZrO2 NPs throughout the ENR matrix.
Promising reinforcing agent: SH‐ZrO2 NPs demonstrate their potential as an effective filler for ENR‐based nanocomposites, enhancing homogeneity and performance.
Implementation of risk minimization measures to reduce the risk of tuberculosis among tumor necrosis factor medication users
Authors: Al‐Fadel Nouf , Almutairi Abdulaali , Aldhirgham Tahrir , Abuesba Laila , Alrwisan Adel , Alharbi Fawaz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo examine the adherence to risk minimization measures (RMMs) in newly treated patients with anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (anti‐TNF‐α) medications at one of the largest tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia.MethodsWe included patients who had at least one prescription of infliximab or adalimumab. The index date was the first recorded date of infliximab or adalimumab prescription. New users of anti‐TNF‐α were divided into pre‐ and post‐RMM implementation groups. The outcome of interest was the proportion of patients that received tuberculosis (TB) screening, including a chest X‐ray (CXR) or a QuantiFERON test within 1 month prior to the index date.ResultsA pre‐post RMM implementation comparison of TB screening among infliximab users showed a significant increase in the rates of CXR tests (from 7.5% before RMM implementation to 13.8% after RMM implementation, p < 0.001) and the rates of QuantiFERON tests (4.5% before RMM implementation to 24.1% after RMM implementation, p < 0.001). RMMs were introduced to the study site at the same time as adalimumab was approved and the proportion of patients receiving TB screening was 25.2%.ConclusionTB screening prior to initiation of infliximab or adalimumab was not optimal. However, we noted an improvement in TB screening after the implementation of RMMs for infliximab. Future research may address reasons for low adherence to testing requirements for TB prior to initiation of anti‐TNF‐α medications.