bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of head injury in motorbike riders
Authors: Ahmed Shakeel , Rehman Lal , Afzal Ali , Javeed Farrukh 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To determine the impact of helmet wearing on traumatic brain injury.
Methods: We analyzed 400 cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in motorbike riders with and without helmet, from July 2017 to December 2020 presenting to the neurosurgery department at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan. The medical records were analyzed for CT scan findings, length of hospital stay, complications (mortality and disability), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at time of discharge.
Results: A total of 400 patients with head injury due to motorbike accidents were included and all were male patients. They were equally divided into two groups, 200 in Group-A (with helmet) and 200 in Group-B (without helmet). Majority of the unhelmeted patients i.e. 102 (51%), needed admission in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) compared to 70 (35%) in helmeted. When comparing non-helmeted patients to helmeted patients, the total median length of hospital stay was greater among non-helmeted patients (10 vs 05 days). Mortality was higher among non-helmeted patients seen in 50 (25%) as compared to 14 (7%) in helmeted patients. Overall, the good outcome was observed in 119 (59.5%) patients in Group-A as compared to70 (35%) patients in Group-B while 81 (40.5%) showed bad outcome in Group-A and 130 (64%) in Group-B. The failure to wear a helmet was found to be strongly linked with abnormal neuroimaging more complications, poor outcome and lower GCS on discharge as compared to patients using helmet.
Conclusion: Lack of helmet use is linked to abnormal brain imaging, more complications, and a longer stay in the hospital after a head injury.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6371
How to cite this: Ahmad S, Rehman L, Afzal A, Javeed F. Outcome of head injury in motorbike riders. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6371
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Breastfeeding practices in nursing mothers during COVID-19 pandemic: Dual center study in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Bham Shireen Qassim , Khan Khalid Mahmood Ahmad , Munaver Sagheera Anjum , Sharif Umer Hayat Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To identify the breastfeeding practices in nursing mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pediatrics and Gynecology & Obstetrics departments at two of the tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan from September 2020 to February 2021. Recently delivered mothers and mothers of children till two years of age on breastfeeding/formula feed were consecutively enrolled.
Results: Of 484 participants, breastfeeding was practiced by 180 (37.2%) participants, formula-fed by 85 (17.6%), and mix feed by 219 (45.2%) participants. Out of 185 mothers who had to breastfeed previous babies, 80.2% of mothers still opted to breastfeed their newborns despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Breastfeeding practices exhibited higher incidence in illiterate mothers (aOR 0.229 95% CI 0.05-0.95, p- 0.042), housewives (aOR 0.35 95% CI 0.13-0.95 p-0.040) and shorter length of stay (aOR 0.290 95% CI 0.15-0.57, p- 0.001) while formula /mixed feeding was found higher in mothers with exposure to formula feeding in previous babies (aOR 17.842, 95% CI 8.33-38.19, p- 0.001) and mothers with pain after delivery (aOR 4.526, 95% CI 2.11-9.71, p-<0.001).
Conclusion: Mothers who had to breastfeed their babies in a previous pregnancy, who were less educated, and housewives with a shorter stay in hospital have shown a stronger association with breastfeeding whereas mothers who had previous exposure to formula milk and pain after delivery have shown association to formula feed or mixed feed.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6707
How to cite this: Bham SQ, Khan KMA, Munaver SA, Sharif UHA. Breastfeeding practices in nursing mothers during COVID-19 pandemic: Dual center study in Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6707
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The h-Index: An Indicator of Research and Publication Output
Authors: Shah Faaiz Ali , Jawaid Shaukat Ali 
Published: January 2023

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7398
How to cite this: Shah FA, Jawaid SA. The h-Index: An Indicator of Research and Publication Output. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):315-316. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7398
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Early Childhood Violence Exposure Patterns in The Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS)
Authors: Tsunga Lucinda , Lake Marilyn , Halligan Sarah L. , Malcolm-Smith Susan , Hoffman Nadia , Heron Jon , Zar Heather , Fraser Abigail , Donald Kirsten , Stein Dan J. 
Published: January 2023

Background: Research has highlighted high rates of exposure to violence among South African youth. However, work to date has been largely cross-sectional, focused on violence exposure during the adolescence period, and has been limited to specific types of violence exposure. We examined violence exposure in South African preschool children between 3 and 6 years of age, capturing both direct and indirect forms of violence, and tested for potential sex differences across the several types of exposures. Methods: Lifetime direct and indirect exposure to domestic and community violence was measured by parental report when children were 3.5 years (N = 530), 4.5 years (N = 749) and 6 years of age (N= 417) in a South African birth cohort located in a peri-urban community. Results: There are three main findings. First, a large proportion of children (72%-75%) were reported as having been exposed to some form of direct or indirect violent experience in their homes or communities from a young age. Second, there was significant polyvictimization, with 49% of the children being exposed to more than one type of violence by age 6. Third, by 4.5 years of age, there was evidence that boys were more likely than girls to be exposed to domestic victimisation (28% vs. 17%) and polyvictimization (38% vs. 28%). Conclusions: These findings highlight the high levels of violence exposure in young South African children, particularly among boys, and the need for prevention at both the community and individual levels.
Private Debt and the Role of Venture Capital and Private Equity Sponsors
Authors: Buchner Axel , Espenlaub Susanne , Khurshed Arif , Mohamed Abdulkadir 
Published: January 2023

This is the first study examining the key role played by venture capital and private equity (VCPE) firms in the private debt market. Private debt funds invest in companies owned (sponsored) by VCPEs and in other companies without VCPE sponsors. Using novel data, we find that private debt without VCPE sponsors generates a premium. Further analysis shows that this sponsorless premium compensates for higher risk and costs of risk mitigation as sponsorless lenders adopt a more hands-on approach emulating VCPE sponsors’ roles. Our results are robust and provide important lessons for investors and investee firms in private debt, venture lending, and VCPE. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4664 .
Aligner orthodontics: a literature review
Authors: Gogna Nikhil , Irving Murray , Nandhra Kieran 
Published: January 2023

Many studies have been undertaken to understand the limitations and benefits of aligners, including systematic reviews with meta-analyses. However, there are very few comprehensive reviews of the current evidence. This literature review provides an up-to-date summary of various aspects of clear aligner therapy, including patient compliance, clinical effectiveness, social interactions and iatrogenic effects. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clear aligners are a popular choice and the article provides an up-to-date summary of various aspects of clear aligner therapy.
Impact of Drying Techniques on Physicochemical Properties of Dried Rice and Its Influences on Rice Beer Brewing Process
Authors: Stuckey Christopher , Luthra Kaushik , Atungulu Griffiths 
Published: January 2023

HighlightsImplications of microwave drying on rice brewing performance were tested.Microwave-dried rice is most similar to natural air-dried rice in protein and amylose content.Microwave-dried rice is most similar to natural air-dried rice in brewing utilization.Abstract. Rice is used as an adjunct grain by the beer manufacturing industry. Before utilization, the rice has to be dried to the desired moisture content. The drying process employed may have an impact on the rice’s physicochemical properties, which influence the rice’s performance in the brewing process. This study focused on investigating the impact of microwave drying on rice’s physicochemical properties and utilization in the brewing process. Rough rice samples with an initial moisture content of 19.7% wet basis were exposed to a microwave dryer to deliver specific energy at the rate of 525 kJ/Kg of initial grain mass in a single drying pass. The effects of the single-pass continuous drying on the dried rice amylose content, protein content, and specific gravity (°Plato, fermentable sugar content) of the wort were determined. The results were compared with samples dried using natural air at 25°C and 56% relative humidity (RH) and two-pass hot-air drying at 45°C and 60°C with RH set at 20%. There was a statistical difference in measured rice amylose and protein contents (p= 0.042) between microwave-dried samples and the natural air-dried samples. However, these attributes were significantly different from those of samples dried at a higher temperature of 60°C and an RH of 20%. There was a significant difference (p=0.0197) in the initial gravity content of the all-malt samples and the rice adjunct samples, as expected, but there was no significant difference between the rice adjunct samples. Overall, this study analyzed the effect of microwave drying on rice processing and its subsequent use in the brewing process, but no measurable differences were observed among the wort’s initial and final gravity contents, attenuation levels, and alcohol by volume. Microwave drying was most comparable to natural air drying, but it results in a greater head rice yield, which may benefit rice farmers and processors. Keywords: Amylose content, Brewing process, Microwave drying, Rice drying, Specific gravity.
Calibration and Validation of RZWQM2-P Model to Simulate Phosphorus Loss in a Clay Loam Soil in Michigan
Authors: Shokrana Md Sami Bin , Ghane Ehsan , Qi Zhiming 
Published: January 2023

HighlightsRZWQM2-P was tested and validated for clay loam soil using daily discharge and load data.The model performed satisfactorily in predicting hydrology and TP load, but DRP prediction was unsatisfactory.Inability of the model to simulate P loss in subsurface drainage discharge after fertilization event was one of the reasons for the unsatisfactory model performance.Abstract. Phosphorus (P) loss and transport through subsurface drainage systems is a primary focus for addressing harmful algal blooms in freshwater systems. The recent development of the phosphorus (P) routine of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2-P) has the potential to enhance our understanding of the fate and transport of P from subsurface-drained fields to surface water. However, there is a need to test the model under different fertilization, soil, climate, and cropping conditions. The objective of this study was to test the model's performance with daily drainage discharge, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total phosphorus (TP) load collected from a subsurface-drained field with clay loam soil. We calibrated RZWQM2-P using two years of measured data. Subsequently, we validated RZWQM2-P using a year and nine months of measured data. We used the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and percentage bias (PBIAS) statistics for the RZWQM2-P model evaluation. The results showed that the model performance was “good” (daily NSE = 0.66 and PBIAS = -7.16) in predicting hydrology for the calibration period. For the validation period, the hydrology prediction of the model was “very good” (daily NSE = 0.76), but it had a “satisfactory” underestimation bias (PBIAS = 23.57). The model’s performance was “unsatisfactory” in simulating DRP for both calibration (daily NSE = 0.31 and PBIAS = -61.50) and validation (daily NSE = 0.32 and PBIAS = 43.68) periods. The P model showed “satisfactory” performance in predicting TP load for both calibration (daily NSE = 0.46 and PBIAS = -32.41) and validation (daily NSE = 0.39 and PBIAS = 42.90) periods, although both periods showed “unsatisfactory” percent bias. The underperformance may have been due to the model’s inability to partition fertilizer P into different P pools under high water tables or ponding conditions when using daily data. In conclusion, the RZWQM2-P model performed well for drainage discharge with daily data, but further investigation is needed to improve the P component of the model. Keywords: Field-scale modeling, Nutrient load, Phosphorus modeling, Subsurface drainage, Tile drainage, Water Quality.
Optimizing the Working Parameters of Pneumatic Pollinators Based on the Kinematic Properties of Rice Panicles
Authors: Xi Te , Feng Huaiqu , Wang Yongwei , Yang Dunhong , Li Dongfang , Yao Fuqiang , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2023

HighlightsAn experimental platform for the kinematic characteristics of panicles was constructed.A regression model for the kinematic characteristics of panicles and working parameters was established.The multi-objective optimization based on the kinematic characteristics of rice panicles was carried out.The optimized combination of working parameters was verified by field pollination experiments.Abstract. Pollen shedding and dispersal processes are inextricably linked to the movement state of hybrid rice panicles. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of the working parameters of the pneumatic pollinator on the kinematic characteristics of hybrid rice panicles during flowering and to further optimize the working parameters of the pollinator. An experimental platform was built to characterize the movement of the panicle. Orthogonal experiments were conducted with airflow velocity, action position, and walking speed as experimental factors and kinematic parameters such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the rice panicle as experimental indicators. A quadratic regression model between the working parameters and the motion characteristics of the rice panicle was constructed and analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Matrix analysis was used for multi-objective optimization of the working parameter combinations. Field pollination trials were conducted for the optimized combination of parameters. The results showed that the coefficients of determination of the regression models were all above 0.85, which indicated good accuracy. The motion characteristics of the panicle, including the displacement maximum, velocity maximum, and acceleration maximum, can be maintained at a high level when the airflow velocity is 24 m/s, the action position is 120 mm from the top of the panicle, and the walking speed is 0.4 m/s. The field experiments showed that the optimization results could obtain the desired pollen density, distribution, and uniformity. This study can serve as a reference for the development of pneumatic hybrid rice pollination theory and the optimal design of the pollinator structure. Keywords: Hybrid rice seed production, Kinematic characteristics, Mechanized pollination, Multi-objective optimization.
Os Fragmentos de Partes Musicais da Philarmônica Lyra Popular - Volume 2
Authors: Popular Lyra 
Published: January 2023

A Segunda Revista de Partes Musicais Digitalizadas da Phylarmônica Lyra Popular de Lençóis é um esforço de parceria entre a Lyra e a Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), do seu Campus Avançado da Chapada Diamantina (CACD) e pretende marcar o início do ano de comemoração dos 120 anos da Lyra, com o compromisso da UEFS-CACD de disponibilizar o acervo da Lira, ao mundo. A Sociedade Phylarmônica Lyra Popular de Lençóis, nos seus 120 anos (2023) mostra sua importância para o povo lençoense, forma instrumentistas e sensibilidades, resiste às intempéries, recebe apoios pontuais e de fontes diversas, às vezes uma empresa, às vezes um edital ou um patrocinador particular, de uma forma ou de outra, do poder executivo municipal e sempre da população que torce para que seus filhos dela participem, ficam orgulhosas e acompanham, aos pulos e cantorias, quando a Lyra desfila pela cidade, seja num ensaio, seja nos dias de festa.
A Lyra é composta por crianças, jovens e adultos; os ensinamentos passados entre gerações, de maioria mestiça, entre negros e pardos, homens e mulheres. As suas partes musicais passam de mão em mão, copiadas, xerocadas e agora começam a ser digitalizadas também, ainda não sabemos quantas obras estão guardadas nos seus arquivos, por certo, temos à frente a tarefa de um museu. Nesta obra, somos convidados a conhecer um conjunto de partes musicais de partituras escritas por regentes conhecidos e desconhecidos da sociedade lençoense, com temas e ritmos diversos, desde os dobrados, ritmo tradicional de filarmônicas, às polacas, fantasias, frevos, sambas, músicas populares, entre outros.
Mind The Gap: What Ethnographic Silences Can Teach Us
Authors: Gould Rebecca Kneale 
Published: January 2023

This chapter is an inquiry into the many roles that silence can play in the ethnographic encounter. With a topical focus on religious environmentalism in the United States, the chapter uses the interpretive lens of silence to shed further light on both the potential and the limits of working with and across religious difference when engaging in environmental activist work. Through an examination of four cases, silences are probed for the range of meanings that they may reveal: the silencing of what Robert Orsi calls the “real presence” of religion in a secular context, the silencing of more traditional, orthodox Christians and Jews by their more liberal peers (or vice versa), the self-silencing of those wrestling with the tension between religious identity and lived religious experience, and the silences that indicate both discomfort and shared understanding across religious difference. Investigating silence adds additional nuance to the field of religion and ecology
Laboratory demonstration of the prediction of wind-blown turbulence by adaptive optics at 8  kHz with use of LQG control
Authors: Poyneer Lisa A. , Ammons S. Mark , Kim Mike K. , Bauman Brian , Terrel-Perez Jesse , Lemmer Aaron J. , Nguyen Jayke 
Published: January 2023

The low-latency adaptive optical mirror system (LLAMAS) is designed to
push the limits on achievable latencies and frame rates. It has 21
subapertures across its pupil. A reformulated version of the linear
quadratic Gaussian (LQG) method predictive Fourier control is
implemented in LLAMAS; for all modes, it takes just
30 µs to compute. In the testbed, a turbulator mixes hot
and ambient air to produce wind-blown turbulence. Wind prediction
clearly improves correction when compared to an integral controller.
Closed-loop telemetry shows that wind-predictive LQG removes the
characteristic “butterfly” and reduces temporal error
power by up to a factor of three for mid-spatial frequency modes.
Strehl changes seen in focal plane images are consistent with
telemetry and the system error budget.
Performance-enhanced fiber optic humidity sensors based on SiO2/porous PMMA coatings
Authors: Li Jinze , Lai Min , Zhang Hengheng , Song Huatang , He Jixiang , Chen Yuxin , Qi Yutong , Zhu Bao , Ma Yan , Liu Bo 
Published: January 2023

Employing functional and structured thin films on fiber optic sensors has tremendously improved capabilities in humidity sensing applications. In this paper, we demonstrate fabrication of a fiber optic evanescent wave humidity sensor based on

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/porous polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin films. With the exposure to moisture,

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/porous PMMA thin films absorb water molecules. The refractive index and absorption coefficient of thin films change with ambient humidity, resulting in modulation of the light intensity transmitted in fiber. A good linearity is determined between the logarithm of output light intensity and relative humidity (RH). An optimal average sensitivity of 188.3 lux/%RH is achieved with an increase of 11.7 fold in the RH range of 5% to 95%. The response and recovery times are 8 s and 23 s, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits low hysteresis, and excellent stability and repeatability.