bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of intensified multiple session tDCS over the left DLPFC on brain function
Authors: Šimko Patrik , Pupíková Monika , Gajdoš Martin , Klobušiaková Patrícia , Vávra Václav , Šimo Adam , Rektorová Irena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multimodal interventions combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with cognitive training have shown promise in producing lasting cognitive improvements among healthy aging individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this 5-day double-blind randomized trial, we investigated the effects of intensified tDCS protocol involving two trains of stimulation per day on working memory (WM) enhancement in 35 MCI patients. Specifically, we focused on the top-down attentional control aspect of WM and hypothesized that intensified tDCS would enhance performance on a visual object matching task (VOMT) immediately after the stimulation regimen and at a 1-month follow-up. Additionally, we explored whether the stimulation would augment online visual working memory (VWM) training. We also aimed to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying these effects by analyzing fMRI activations during VOMT. Our findings suggest that intensified tDCS holds potential for enhancing WM in individuals with MCI, particularly in tasks involving top-down attentional control, as indicated by behavioral and neural observations. While the current study demonstrated support for an online and immediate impact of intensified tDCS, there were no long-lasting effects. Furthermore, the observed neural activations in the right insula may indicate that intensified tDCS induced immediate alterations in brain plasticity in MCI patients.
Spatiotemporal variation of main meterological elements in agricultural region: A case study
Authors: Li Li , Lu Xiaoning , Wu Jun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite the fact that evaporation is a key element of water and energy cycle, little attention has been paid to it. Thus, discovering the spatial and temporal variations of meteorological elements in Linyi Agricultural City of Shandong Province in the past 50 years is crucial. This study discussed evaporation, precipitation, and temperature. Linear regression analysis, empirical orthogonal decomposition function, and Morlet wavelet function were used to reveal the trend, temporal and spatial modes, and multi-time scale characteristics, providing a theoretical reference basis for the efficient use of climate resources for the future development of regional agriculture. Results showed that the precipitation (2.09 mm/a) and temperature (0.04 °C/a) in Linyi had a synchronous growth trend; conversely, the evaporation (−6.47 mm/a) showed a decreasing trend of “evaporation paradox” due to the significant decrease of evaporation energy. Under the development trend of global warming and high water-consuming agriculture, improving regional water use efficiency is a key point. In terms of spatial distribution, precipitation was dominated by the first mode, which showed little in the early stage while more in the later stage, supplemented by the second mode with an inverse phase change in the southeast–northwest direction. A large inter-annual fluctuations was only found in Yinan County. The temperature showed a pattern of warming change with outstanding homogeneity. The evaporation exhibited an obvious heterogeneity, which was dominated by two main modes with a great difference between Junan County and other regions in Linyi city. Therefore, local regional climate changes in Yinan and Junan should be given attention. All three meteorological elements had inter-annual and interdecadal variations in the short term (5 a), medium term (16 a), and long term (25 a), dominated by precipitation (16 a), mean annual temperature (24 a), and annual evapotranspiration (31 a). In the short-term future, the regional precipitation and temperature in Linyi would experience decreasing changes above the multi-year average, and evaporation would show increasing changes above the multi-year average. Given the changing trends of precipitation, temperature, and evaporation, urgent requirements for regional development of efficient water-saving irrigation and promotion of digital agriculture should be proposed.
Discovery of the extended distribution of Sabellaria reef to the Turkish Coast- the first report from the Black Sea
Authors: ÖZAYDINLI MURAT , Sağlam Cemil , Özgül Aytaç , Gül Mustafa Remzi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Reef building polychaetes are important ecosystem engineers by providing important biotic and abiotic ecosystem services, which makes them extremely important for soft bottom habitat health. Reefs built by Sabellarid polychaetes support costal biodiversity and abundance by providing shelter and nursery habitat for many different species including invertebrates and fish. Thus, it is important to understand their distribution range and pattern. Here, we report the extended distribution of Sabellaria reef from the Black Sea coast of Türkiye for the first time. According to morphological and molecular identifications, the species was identified as Sabellaria spinulosa (Leuckart, 1849) that form large reefs on coastal water of Europe. Sabellaria colonies that found at 4 stations in Ordu Province were examined according to 3 morphological characteristics based on scoring protocol for the ‘reefiness’. The two stations were classified as reefs as they meet the protocol criteria. Although the other two stations meet some criteria in terms of elevation and area, they were evaluated only as ‘potential reef areas’ due that they did not meet the patchiness criterion. Additionally, the results of the tube diameter and number of tubes were consistent with the findings from the reefs in the Mediterranean. The findings of this study add to our knowledge of Sabellaria reefs' wider geographic range and their potential adaptation to low salinity in the Black Sea. The existence of this new habitat is not only contribution to the biodiversity, but is also a potential candidate for the establishment of a marine protected area on the Black Sea coast of Türkiye.
Potentially inappropriate medication of community dwelling older patients in a geriatric day clinic using the START/STOPP criteria – a different way of application
Authors: Schubert Maximilian , Gosch Markus , Qureshi Sarah , Habboub Basel , Singler Katrin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate quality of drug prescribing during the stay in a geriatric day clinic using the START / STOPP version 2 criteria (START stands for Screen Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment, and STOPP stands for Screening Tool for Older Persons’ potentially inappropriatePrescriptions).
Methods: The retrospective longitudinal study included 193 patients with the diagnoses pain and/or dementia and/or depression; assessment was conducted on admission and before discharge using a modified application of the START criteria focusing on actual implementation of START criteria. In parallel, STOPP criteria were specified with the help of information from patient information leaflets (PILs) and a German online pharma index.
Results: Due to the administration of vitamin D and calcium, and increasing analgesic and antidepressant therapy, a highly significant mean increase (T=-6,57; p<.001) of 0.65 fulfilled START criteria per patient was observed during the treatment period. Regarding the fulfilment of STOPP criteria, the comparison of mean values shows a slight increase of 0.02 criteria per patient, which, however, is not significant (T=-.16; p=.875). Although a decrease of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) could be achieved, no significant change was observed with regard to the STOPP criteria. The prevalence of PIM decreased from 82.9% on admission to 81.4% at discharge, whereas polypharmacy increased from 85.5% to 90.7%. The average number of diagnoses rose from 13.0 to 14.0 (T=-.16; p=.875). Both number of diagnoses and medications had a highly significant positive pearson correlation with implemented or fulfilled START /STOPP Criteria. This became particularly evident with the diagnoses of pain and depression.
The increased quality of medicinal treatment is evident by (i) the high values of implemented STARTs, (ii) constant STOPPs with increasing medication during the treatment, and (iii) absolute growth in indicated STOPPs with a reduction in non-indicated medication.
Conclusion: The quality of drug prescription is improved through utilizing START/STOPP criteria making them appropriate for optimizing pharmacotherapy; however, these criteria should be critically examined in the future with the help of the modified START methodology.
Buckling and dynamic analysis of drill string system in horizontal wells
Authors: Wu Zebing , Zhang Wenxi , Yuan Ruofei , Liu Jiale 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Compared with vertical wells and deviated vertical wells, the dynamic characteristics of the drill string in horizontal wells are more complicated and more prone to failure because of the drag-pressure effect under gravity. Most researchers only consider the movement of some drill strings at a certain depth and do not analyze the rotary drilling process of the whole drill string. When most researchers do drill string simulation research, the drill string system diameter of the simulation model is consistent, and the actual drill string assembly is not considered. Based on the finite element method and the dynamic equation of the drill string, the buckling and dynamic behavior of the drill string in the borehole is investigated, and the drilling simulation model of the drill string system in a horizontal well is established by considering the factors of curved hole trajectory and nonlinear impact contact between the drill string and wellbore. The buckling and dynamic characteristics of the drill string in horizontal wells are analyzed by simulating the whole drilling process, the effect of rotating speed and hook load on the buckling characteristics of the drill string, and the effect of hook load on the whole dynamic characteristics of drill string system are analyzed. The results show that in the drilling process, the buckling deformation of the drill string near the wellhead presents a trend of"Sinusoidal buckling-helical buckling-sinusoidal buckling," the "sinusoidal buckling-helical buckling "appears near the oblique section. When the hook load applied at the end of the drill string is greater than the critical value, the drill string will get stuck during drilling. When it is less than the critical value, the greater the value of the hook load, the more stable the axial feed and lateral vibration of the drill string, and the smaller the contact force between the drill string and the wellbore. With the increase in rotating speed, the vibration period of the drill string decreases, and the amplitude of the vibration increases. With the increase of drill string drilling depth, the buckling deformation of the drill string can be reduced by reducing the value of the hook load. The conclusion is that the research results can be helpful for drill string design and structural optimization.
MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry and Molecular detection of Mannheimia haemolytica from sheep and goats in Holeta and Sebeta Town, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Umer Abdi Ahmed , Bulto Abebe Olani , Bekele Debebe Ashenafi , Mohammed Abde Aliy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background:Mannhemia haemolytica is one of the most important bacteria among causative agent of pneumonic pasteurellosis in small ruminants throughout worldwide and it is also economically devastating pathogen in Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2021 to May 2022 with the aim to identify Mannheimia haemolytica from sheep and goat in Sebeta and Holeta town, Oromia special zone, Ethiopia. A total of 235 samples (213 nasal swabs and 22 whole blood) were collected. Sheep and goat with clinical signs suggestive of pneumonic pasteurollosis were purposively sampling. Bacterial identification was conducted using biochemical, Biolog, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) and Real time PCR detection. Moreover, antimicrobials susceptibility test was also conducted on the identified bacterial isolates using disc diffusion method.
Results: The result showed that from a total of 235 samples, only two nasal swab samples were positive for M. haemolytica (0.85%). The two isolates were confirmed by all the tests and similar result was obtained by; biochemical, Biolog, MALDI TOF MS and real time PCR. Up on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the two isolates were resistant to Streptomycin, Erythromycin and Clindamycin whereas they were susceptible to Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Trimethoprim/sulfonamides and Penicillin. Generally, this study revealed that M. haemolytica is among the causative agent of pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep and goat in the study area. Although, the other remaining bacteria responsible for the disease.
Conclusion: The research suggests that a combination of diagnostic methods such as MALDI TOF MS, Biolog, and real-time PCR should be used, as well as for a more in-depth investigation to identify the strain or serotype of M. haemolytica using advanced molecular sequencing and also analysis of the remaining causal agent from various species and locations in countries are significant to address the present vaccination and antibiotic resistance issues.
Association between Sleep Quality and Interactive Health Literacy among Chinese College Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Zhang Chaowei , Ren Zhongyu , Chen Zhenqi , Bai Cuijin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Increasing studies have shown that the improvement of interactive health literacy (IHL) can develop healthy behaviors. Although healthy behaviors could contribute to good sleep quality, few studies explored the association between IHL and sleep quality. This study aimed to examine the relationship between IHL and sleep quality among Chinese college students.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 12007 college students aged 15–26 years. IHL was evaluated using Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire, and sleep quality was reported by a self-reported question. Multivariate logistic regressions analysis were conducted to examine the association between IHL and sleep quality.
Results
The prevalence rates of good sleep quality among college students was 77.6%. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regressions analysis revealed a significant inverse association between HL and risk of good sleep quality. The OR (95%CI) of good sleep quality among different IHL level were 1.00 (reference) for low level, 1.628 (1.467, 1.807) for middle level and 2.756 (2.442, 3.111) for high level. Similarly, the significant associations were also found when gender were separately analyzed.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that improving IHL may contribute to maintaining good sleep quality. Further intervention research is needed to explore the causal relationship between IHL and the sleep quality among Chinese population. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the health education of Chinese college students to develop their health-promoting behaviors.
Computational dissection of genetic variation modulating the response of multiple photosynthetic phenotypes to the light environment
Authors: Gong Huiying , Zhou Ziyang , Bu Chenhao , Zhang Deqiang , Fang Qing , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Song Yuepeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The expression of biological traits is modulated by genetics as well as the environment, and the level of influence exerted by the latter may vary across characteristics. Photosynthetic traits in plants are complex quantitative traits that are regulated by both endogenous genetic factors and external environmental factors such as light intensity and CO2 concentration. The specific processes impacted occur dynamically and continuously as the growth of plants changes. Although studies have been conducted to explore the genetic regulatory mechanisms of individual photosynthetic traits or to evaluate the effects of certain environmental variables on photosynthetic traits, the systematic impact of environmental variables on the dynamic process of integrated plant growth and development has not been fully elucidated.
Results
In this paper, we proposed a research framework to investigate the genetic mechanism of high-dimensional complex photosynthetic traits in response to the light environment at the genome level. We established a set of high-dimensional equations incorporating environmental regulators to integrate functional mapping and dynamic screening of gene‒environment complex systems to elucidate the process and pattern of intrinsic genetic regulatory mechanisms of three types of photosynthetic phenotypes of Populus simonii that varied with light intensity. Furthermore, a network structure was established to elucidate the crosstalk among significant QTLs that regulate photosynthetic phenotypic systems. Additionally, the detection of key QTLs governing the response of multiple phenotypes to the light environment, coupled with the intrinsic differences in genotype expression, provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms that drive the transition of photosynthetic activity and photoprotection in the face of varying light intensity gradients.
Conclusions
This paper offers a comprehensive approach to unraveling the genetic architecture of multidimensional variations in photosynthetic phenotypes, considering the combined impact of integrated environmental factors from multiple perspectives.
Adulterants Present in the San Diego County Fentanyl Supply: A Laboratory Analysis of Seized Law Enforcement Samples
Authors: Galust Henrik , Seltzer Justin A , Hardin Jeremy R , Friedman Nathan A , Salamat Jeff , Clark Richard F , Harmon Jennifer 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The opioid epidemic is one of the worst public health crises ever to face the US and emerging evidence suggest its effects are compounded by the presence of drug adulterants. Here we report our efforts to characterize the adulterants present within the local fentanyl supply of San Diego County, obtained from undifferentiated drug samples seized by local law enforcement over the calendar year 2021.
Methods
Thirty two participating local law enforcement agencies across San Diego submitted 4838 unknown individual illicit drug samples (total of 312 kg) to the San Diego County Sheriff’s Department Regional Crime Laboratory for identification.
Results
Qualitative analysis of these samples via FTIR and GC-MS identified methamphetamine (38.7%), fentanyl (20.8%), diacetylmorphine (heroin) (10.2%), codeine (5.8%) and alprazolam (4.3%) as the most common illicit substances and the presence of 52 unique adulterants. The most common adulterants included 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAAP) (10.9%), mannitol (9%), acetaminophen (8.5%), methamphetamine (4.2%), diacetylmorphine (heroin) (3.6%), tramadol (1.9%), and xylazine (1.7%). Several additional pharmacologically active adulterants and contaminants of interest were also identified.
Conclusion
This analysis is vital for public health use and harm reduction efforts at the level of the individual consumer. Continued direct surveillance of the drug supply is necessary for the detection of potentially harmful adulterants that may pose serious threats to the public.
Role of NT-proBNP and lung ultrasound in diagnosing and classifying heart failure in a hospitalized oldest-old population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Landolfo Matteo , Spannella Francesco , Giulietti Federico , Pentima Chiara Di , Giordano Piero , Borioni Elisabetta , Landi Laura , Galeazzi Roberta , Sarzani Riccardo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim: Diagnosing and classifying heart failure (HF) in the oldest-old patients has technical and interpretation issues, especially in the acute setting. We assessed the usefulness of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and lung ultrasound (LUS) for confirming HF diagnosis and discriminating patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the acute setting.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 148 consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 admitted with manifestations compatible with HF according to the Framingham HF criteria and NT-proBNP at least ≥125 pg/mL at our Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Unit (IRCCS INRCA Institute, Ancona, Italy). We collected clinical, pharmacological and laboratory data at admission. We dosed serum NT-proBNP and performed LUS and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) before diuretic therapy. We divided our cohort into HFrEF and non-HFrEF according to left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40% and ≥ 40%, respectively.
Results: Mean age was 88 ± 5 years. Male prevalence was 42%. NT-proBNP and the total number of B lines correlated with positive Framingham HF criteria. 19% had an EF < 40%. There were no differences between the two groups regarding clinical features, LUS findings, and laboratory, except for the NT-proBNP levels, which were higher in the HFrEF group. Overall, NT-proBNP showed an inverse correlation with EF (r = - 0.22, p = 0.007) and a direct correlation with age, total pulmonary B-lines, and intercostal spaces of pleural effusion. According to the ROCs, NT-proBNP levels, pulmonary B-lines and pleuric effusion extension were poorly predictive for HFrEF. The best-performing cut-offs were 9531 pg/mL (SP 0.70, SE 0.50) for NT-proBNP, 13 for total B-lines (SP 0.69, SE 0.85) and one intercostal space for pleural effusion (SP 0.55, SE 0.89). Patients with admission NT-proBNP ≥9531 pg/mL had a 2-fold higher risk for HFrEF (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.2), while we did not find any association for total B-lines ≥ 13 or pleural effusion ≥ 1 intercostal space and HFrEF. A significant association with HFrEF emerged for the combination of NT-proBNP ≥9531 pg/mL, total B-lines ≥13 and intercostal spaces of pleural effusion ≥1 (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.7-17), even after adjustment for age, sex and eGFR (adjusted OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.6-16).
Conclusions: Our study suggests that in older patients and acute settings, NT-proBNP levels, especially if combined with LUS, could be considered for confirming the HF diagnosis and identifying those at risk of HFrEF.
The Causal Association of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with frailty: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Dan Dan , Guo Dong , Yu Ya Ting 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective: Our objective was to investigate this hypothesis through the utilization of a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods: We used summary genome-wide association statistics for frailty index (FI, N = 175,226) and IBS (cases:53400; controls:433201) in participants of European ancestry. The primary analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we conducted additional analyses using the MR egger regression, weighted median method, simple mode and weighted mode. Furthermore, we conducted a reverse MR analysis to assess the potential for reverse causation.
Results: Genetically predicted frailty was associated with an increased risk of IBS (MR: β = 1.577674; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1839043 to 2.102412; p = 0.001855951). Genetically predicted IBS showed a suggestive association with the FI (MR: β = 1.1364404; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0959682 to 1.178407; p = 4.743718e-12.), with the horizontal pleiotropy results is 0.04568194. There is no convincing evidence for reverse causation.
Conclusion: The present MR study supported frailty as a causal risk factor of IBS. Further research is warranted to investigate whether IBS has a causal role in frailty.