bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of environmental factors with the polygenic risk scores of thinness‐related genes in preventing obesity risk in middle‐aged adults: The KoGES
Authors: Zhou Jun‐Yu , Liu Meiling , Park Sunmin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome persons are genetically resistant to obesity, but only a few studies have evaluated thinness genes for preventing obesity. We aimed to investigate the association of polygenic variants with being underweight and their interaction with the lifestyles of middle‐aged and elderly persons and identify potential new genetic approaches for managing body weight.MethodsIn total, 58,701 participants aged 40–77 years were recruited from urban hospitals in Korea. Underweight (case) was defined as body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg m2 (n = 991) and normal weight (control, n = 21,921) was defined as 18.5 ≤ BMI < 23 kg m2. A genome‐wide association study was run to identify thinness‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after adjustment for compound factors using Gplink. The generalised multifactor dimensionality reduction program was used to identify the genetic variants with SNP–SNP interactions. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated by summing up the number of risk alleles in each SNP and classifying them into low‐, medium‐ and high‐PRS.ResultsThe best model included the ANK2_rs7656666, CAST_rs28042, SLC1A3_rs928431867, CHST12_rs2906173, ALOX5_rs1051713, RGS6_rs17180754, ST8SIA5_rs79491311 and DCC_rs35721894 alleles. The participants with high‐PRS had a lower BMI (p < 0.0001) than those with low‐PRS and were 3.834 (2.58–5.70) times more likely to be underweight after multivariate adjustment (p < 0.001). The selected SNPs were correlated with each other and highly expressed in brain‐related genes. The genes with minor alleles of CAST_rs28042 and CHST12_rs2906173 exhibited a higher expression frequency in brain‐related tissues. PRS had significant interactions with protein, sodium, indigestible carbohydrates, calcium intake and exercise (p < 0.05), influencing the underweight state. People with a high‐PRS were more underweight than those with low‐PRS under high protein, sodium, high calcium, low indigestible carbohydrate intake and low exercise by 3.75, 3.88, 7.05, 3.18 and 3.80 times, respectively (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn conclusion, adults having a high‐PRS were significantly correlated with being underweight, especially in combination with a particular nutritional status. These results show the potential for thinness genes to be applied to personalised nutrition for preventing obesity through targeted gene therapy.
Representing disabling experiences: Rethinking quality of life when evaluating public health interventions
Authors: Atkin Karl , Berghs Maria , Chattoo Sangeeta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInterventions that promote public health have the potential to transform lives, particularly for those who experience disability, where marked social and material inequalities occur across the life‐course. When evaluating such interventions, health‐related quality‐of‐life is regarded as a primary outcome and used to inform evidence‐based practice. Quality‐of‐life measures, however, are not straightforward heuristic devices but express technologies of epistemic power. By prioritizing methodological certainty over the credibility of personal testimonies, those experiencing disability can find themselves excluded from the evidence base on which public health interventions are based. Our study explores how disability is represented by tools informing evaluative public health research and establishes the possibility of alternate practices, including the potential for more appropriate measures better suited to representing experiences. We conclude by considering how discussions about “flourishing” can create more inclusive and empowering practices able to challenge inequalities and discrimination consistent with a commitment to social justice.Related ArticlesEwert, Benjamin. 2021. “Citizenship as a Form of Anticipatory Obedience? Implications of Preventive Health Policy in Germany.”Politics & Policy49(4): 891–912.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12421.Grijalva Maza, Luisa. 2012. “Deconstructing the Grand Narrative inHarry Potter: Inclusion/Exclusion and Discriminatory Policies in Fiction and Practice.”Politics & Policy40(3): 424–43.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00358.x.Winburn, Jonathan, and Amanda Winburn. 2020. “The Role of Political Ideology in Public Opinion toward Enumerated Antibullying Policies in Public Schools.”Politics & Policy48(3): 442–63.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12355.
Airborne versus soilborne inoculum: White mould, where do you come from?
Authors: Leyronas Christel , Halkett Fabien , Faloya Vincent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIdentifying the sources of fungal inoculum that induces epidemics is instrumental to managing crop health in a more efficient way by implementing prophylactic methods and by using better targeted biocontrol and fungicide applications. For some phytopathogenic fungi, this identification is hampered by the multiplicity of inoculum types. This is the case for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the agent of white mould, which can produce ascospores disseminated via the atmosphere, sclerotia stored in the soil and mycelium in plant debris of a large variety of hosts. The present study aims to assess the relative importance of airborne and soilborne inocula in white mould disease development and its persistence across two crop seasons. S. sclerotiorum isolates were collected from air, soil and carrot plants during two crop seasons in south‐western France and genotyped with 16 microsatellite markers. Among the 490 isolates, 162 clonal lineages were identified. The genetic characteristics did not differ significantly among isolates collected from air, soil and carrots. The epidemics of white mould on carrots were initiated either by airborne inoculum or by soilborne inoculum. It also appears that some isolates from airborne inoculum persisted from year to year.
Investigation of the monocyte/high‐density lipoprotein ratio as a prognostic criterion in burn patients
Authors: Akkoç Mehmet Fatih , Bulbuloglu Semra , Kapi Emin , Bayram Mehmet , Gurgah Tuba 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the monocyte/high‐density lipoprotein ratio as a prognostic criterion in adult burn patients. A descriptive and cross‐sectional method was adopted in this study. The sample included 177 patients with burn injuries. This study was conducted in a research and training hospital in Turkey. Data were collected by the researchers in the burn unit. Descriptive methods, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, ROC curve, and correlation analyses were used for the statistical analyses of the data. While 66.1% of the patients were second‐degree burn patients, 96.6% of all patients recovered and were discharged from the hospital, and the rest died. In this study, the monocyte/high‐density lipoprotein ratios of the patients decreased as their clinical condition worsened. The mean C‐reactive protein value of the patients was 8.52 ± 5.02 on the 7th day. A statistically significant correlation was found between an increase in monocyte counts and a decrease in high‐density lipoprotein concentrations at the 24th hour, 3rd day and 7th day after the burn (p < 0.01). The monocyte/high‐density lipoprotein ratio can be considered a biomarker in the identification and follow‐up of sepsis and morbidity durations in burn patients. A low monocyte/high‐density lipoprotein ratio in burn patients can provide an insight into the severity of sepsis.
Clinical application of EOS imaging system: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Brage Karen , Mussmann Bo , Geijer Mats , Larsen Palle , Jensen Janni 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map the existing literature on the clinical application of the EOS imaging system and to identify related evidence gaps.

Introduction:
The EOS imaging system was originally developed to conduct imaging for medical conditions, such as scoliosis and anisomelia. However, recent research suggests that the modality has other clinical uses that may benefit patients via reduced radiation dose and, thus, improve patient safety.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider all quantitative study designs, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Imaging phantom studies and conference abstracts will be excluded.

Methods:
Databases that will be searched include Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Premier, and OpenGrey. Relevant secondary material will be identified using citation searching (backwards and forwards) of included studies through Google Scholar. In addition, we will search by author name where more than 3 included studies from the same first author are identified. Articles published from 2003 in English, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, French, and German will be included. Two independent reviewers will perform title/abstract screening, followed by full-text screening. Data extraction will include study type and design, age of participants, anatomical/physiological region, pathology, clinical endpoint, outcome measures, sample size, and clinical application. Data will be presented in tabular format and as a narrative summary.

Review registration number:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/yc85j/
Understanding women’s views of and preferences for accessing postpartum contraception: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Freeman-Spratt Grace J , Botfield Jessica R , Lee Grace Soeun , Rajiv Prithi , Black Kirsten I 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundNearly half of women experience unintended pregnancies. These are associated with increased risk of poor maternal physical and psychosocial health outcomes. Many pregnancies in the first year postpartum are unintended, further increasing risks of poor outcomes and complications. We undertook a qualitative evidence synthesis to evaluate qualitative research on women’s views and preferences for accessing postpartum contraception, and identify evidence gaps and opportunities for postpartum contraception provision.MethodsFive databases were searched to identify relevant qualitative studies. Included studies focused on views of, and preferences for, accessing postpartum contraception for women of reproductive age in high-income countries.ResultsOf 1854 studies identified, 28 full texts were assessed and 19 studies included. These were critically appraised using Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) and analysed using thematic synthesis. Included studies indicated the majority of women desire postpartum contraception, but face a range of financial, health system and personal barriers. Women felt unclear about the ideal interpregnancy interval (IPI) and the rationale for this. Women preferred contraceptive counselling at varying times both antenatally and postnatally, and commonly preferred to receive contraception in the immediate postpartum period before hospital discharge. Women commonly saw their obstetrician or general practitioner for contraceptive counselling, but welcomed midwifery involvement.ConclusionsMost women were interested in postpartum contraception and pregnancy spacing, but felt unclear about the optimal IPI, highlighting the need for further education and support around this issue. Contraceptive counselling was viewed as valuable antenatally and postnatally, and by varying maternal health providers, as was the provision of immediate postpartum contraception.
The influence of training status and parasympathetic blockade on the cardiac rate, rhythm, and functional response to autonomic stress
Authors: Berthelsen Lindsey F. , Douglas Andrew J.M. , Dawkins Tony G. , Curry Bryony A. , Philips Daniel , Zaidi Abbas , Yousef Zaheer , Stembridge Mike , Steinback Craig D. 
Published: January 2023

Apnea (breath-holding) elicits co-activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, affecting cardiac control. In situations of autonomic co-activation (e.g., cold water immersion), cardiac arrhythmias are observed during apnea. Chronic endurance training reduces resting heart rate in part via elevation in parasympathetic tone, and has been identified as a risk factor for development of arrhythmias. However, few studies have investigated autonomic control of the heart in trained athletes during stress. Therefore, we determined whether heightened vagal tone resulting from endurance training promotes a higher incidence of arrhythmia during apnea. We assessed the heart rate, rhythm (ECG lead II), and cardiac inotropic (speckle-tracking echocardiography) response to apnea in 10 endurance trained and 7 untrained participants. Participants performed an apnea at rest and following sympathetic activation using post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). All apneas were performed prior to control (CON) and following vagal block using glycopyrrolate (GLY). Trained participants had lower heart rates at rest ( p = 0.03) and during apneas ( p = 0.009) under CON. At rest, 3 trained participants exhibited instances of junctional rhythm and 4 trained participants developed ectopy during CON apneas, whereas 3 untrained participants developed ectopic beats only with concurrent sympathetic activation (PECO). Following GLY, no arrhythmias were noted in either group. Vagal block also revealed increased cardiac chronotropy (heart rate) and inotropy (strain rate) during apnea, demonstrating a greater sympathetic influence in the absence of parasympathetic drive. Our results highlight that endurance athletes may be more susceptible to ectopy via elevated vagal tone, whereas untrained participants may only develop ectopy through autonomic conflict.
Assessment of time effects on capacities of large-scale piles driven in dense sands
Authors: Wen K. , Kontoe S. , Jardine R.J. , Liu T. , Cathie D. , Silvano R. , Prearo C. , Wei S. , Schroeder F.C. , Po S. 
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the axial resistances of open-ended, highly instrumented, 763 mm diameter steel pipe piles driven in sands for the EURIPIDES (EURopean Initiative on PIles in DEnse Sands) project at a well-characterized research site at Eemshaven, in the northern Netherlands. It offers new analyses of previously unreported dynamic tests and considers their relationship with four heavily instrumented static compression tests. Rigorous signal matching employing two distinct pile–soil interaction models is reported, supported by careful sensitivity analyses, to interpret the recorded driving signals. The back-calculated shaft resistance profiles show good agreement between the models as well as calculations performed with a global wave equation analysis approach. The study highlights the need to account for the internal soil column resistance. The combined interpretation of the dynamic and static test data indicates a 50% gain in shaft resistance over the 10 days after driving and threefold shaft capacity growth over a total period of 533 days after driving. The outcomes have important implications for driven pile design and field quality monitoring; the case history contributes an important benchmark in the study of long-term set-up trends.
Ordovician of Kazakhstan
Authors: Popov Leonid , Zhylkaidarov Aidarkhan , Zhemchuzhnikov Vyacheslav , Stepanets Wladimir , Gridina Nina Mikhailovna , Antonyuk Rostislav Mikhailovich 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive review of the current state of research on Kazakh Ordovician litho-, bio- and chronostratigraphy is presented. An Ordovician lithostratigraphic framework applied to eight Kazakh first-order tectonic units is outlined and its correlation with the International Chronostratigraphic Scale is given. Presently used criteria for definition of the Kazakh Ordovician regional stages are critically discussed and revaluated. The archipelago model is considered as the most appropriate for reconstruction of the relative position of inferred Kazakh volcanic island arcs and microcontinents in the Ordovician Period. A biogeographical assessment of Kazakh Ordovician benthic faunas suggests strongest affinity to the contemporaneous faunas of Tarim, South and North China and to a lesser degree to the Australian sector of Gondwana, while biogeographical connections with Siberia and Baltica are negligible. During the Sandbian to Katian, a loose cluster of Kazakh microcontinents and island arcs became a major biodiversity hotspot and species pump located at low latitudes on both sides of the equator. Radiolarian cherts from accretionary complexes preserved an almost complete record of biogenic sedimentation for at least 30 Ma from the Furongian to Darriwilian, providing a unique opportunity to study biotas and environments in Ordovician oceans.
5α-Reductase Inhibitors and Risk of Kidney and Bladder Cancers in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Doherty Niamh , Cardwell Chris R. , Murchie Peter , Hill Christopher , Azoulay Laurent , Hicks Blánaid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground:Preclinical evidence suggests that 5α-reductase inhibitors (5ARi), commonly used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), are associated with reduced incidence of certain urologic cancers, yet epidemiologic studies are conflicting. This study aimed to determine whether 5ARi's are associated with a reduced risk of kidney and bladder cancers.Methods:We conducted a new-user active-comparator cohort study in the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. From a base cohort of patients with incident BPH, new users of 5ARi's and α-blockers were identified. Patients were followed up until a first ever diagnosis of kidney or bladder cancer, death from any cause, end of registration, or December 31, 2017. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident kidney and bladder cancer.Results:There were 5,414 and 37,681 new users of 5ARi's and α-blockers, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 6.3 years, we found no association between the use of 5ARi's and kidney (adjusted HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.74–2.12; n = 23) or bladder (adjusted HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.64–1.23; n = 57) cancer risk compared with α-blockers. Similar results were observed across sensitivity analyses.Conclusions:In this study, we found no association between the use of 5ARi's and kidney or bladder cancer incidence in men with BPH when compared with α-blocker use.Impact:The findings of this study indicate that 5ARi's are unlikely to reduce kidney or bladder cancer risk.
Determinants of Lung Cancer Screening in a Minnesota Urban Indigenous Community: A Community-Based, Participatory, Action-Oriented Study
Authors: Anderson Madison D. , Pickner Wyatt J. , Begnaud Abbie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough lung cancer screening (LCS) with annual low-dose chest CT has been shown to reduce lung cancer deaths, it remains underutilized. Northern Plains American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities experience extreme lung cancer disparities, and little is known about the acceptance and adoption of LCS in these groups. We conducted interviews with healthcare professionals and focus groups with patients in an urban Minnesota community clinic serving AI/AN. Data collection took place during winter 2019–2020. Indigenous researchers collected and analyzed the data for emergent themes using simultaneous collaborative consensus with a LCS researcher. Participants reported some similar barriers to LCS as previous studies reported but also shared some new insights into traditional ways of knowing and recommendations for effectively implementing this evidence-based preventive care service. Lung screening is largely acceptable to patients and healthcare personnel in an AI/AN–serving community clinic. We identified barriers as previously reported in other populations but also identified some unique barriers and motivators. For example, the concept of the seven generations may provide motivation to maintain one's health for future generations while providing additional support during screening for persons traumatized by the Western medicine health system may facilitate increased screening uptake.Prevention Relevance:Secondary prevention of lung cancer through screening is potentially lifesaving considering that overall survival of lung cancer is 20% at 5 years but curable if detected at an early stage. This work provides insight into culturally tailored approaches to implementing the service in individuals at high risk of the disease.
Breaching the family walls: Modelling the impact of prolonged visa insecurity on asylum-seeking children
Authors: Ratnamohan Lux , Silove Derrick , Mares Sarah , Krishna Yalini , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , Steel Zachary 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Children in asylum-seeking families are increasingly subject to deterrent host nation policies that undermine security in the post-migration context, however, little is known on the mental health consequences of such policy. This study examined the impact of prolonged visa insecurity on child mental health, by comparing two cohorts of refugee children entering Australia between 2010 and 2013, distinguished by visa security. Methods: The insecure visa sample comprised children from Tamil asylum-seeking families, while the secure visa sample was drawn from refugee families participating in the multi-ethnic ‘Building a New Life in Australia’ cohort study. Children in each sample were assessed for current mental health problems and trauma exposure. Mothers were assessed for trauma exposure, post-migration family stressors and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The effects of prolonged visa insecurity on child mental health via family-and child-level variables were modelled using multi-level path analysis. Results: Data comprised 361 children, aged 10–18, and 242 mothers across three levels of visa insecurity: permanent protection ( n = 293), temporary protection ( n = 40) and bridging visa ( n = 28). Modelling showed that (1) visa insecurity was associated with poorer child mental health, (2) the association was mediated sequentially by post-migration family stressors and maternal PTSD and (3) the association was moderated by maternal PTSD. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that when government policy persistently undermines post-migration security, the capacity of families to protect children from accrued stressors is lowered, leaving a significantly higher proportion of children developing along trajectories of risk rather than resilience.