bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation‐based multiobjective management of transient heating process of solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Hami Masoud , Mahmoudimehr Javad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) needs to be heated to an appropriate temperature (around 600°C) before it is switched to start‐up mode. A fast heat‐up process, which is naturally of interest, can cause high temperature gradients inside the SOFC and the subsequent problems of cracking and delamination. Therefore, in order for the heat‐up process to be efficiently managed, the opposing objectives (heat‐up duration and temperature gradient) have to be considered simultaneously. The present study investigates the influences of the type of temperature rise function and the average rate of temperature rise (ARTR) on each objective (heat‐up duration and temperature gradient). Beside the simple linear temperature rise function of heating fluid considered in previous studies, some innovative nonlinear functions are also introduced and examined in the present study. The results indicate that the rotated‐exponential temperature function with an ARTR of 5 K s−1 and the linear temperature function with an ARTR of 0.1 K s−1 are the best choices in terms of heat‐up duration and temperature gradient, respectively. This study also attempts to make a compromise between the two objectives and introduces the rotated‐quadratic temperature function with an ARTR of 0.4 K s−1 as a representative trade‐off solution.
Prediction of voluntary movements of the upper extremities by resting state‐brain regional glucose metabolism in patients with chronic severe brain injury: A pilot study
Authors: Yamaki Tomohiro , Hatakeyama Naoya , Murayama Takemi , Funakura Mika , Hara Takuya , Onodera Shinji , Ito Daisuke , Yakufujiang Maidinamu , Odaki Masaru , Oka Nobuo , Kobayashi Shigeki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConfirmation of the exact voluntary movements of patients with disorder of consciousness following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is difficult because of the associated communication disturbances. In this pilot study, we investigated whether regional brain glucose metabolism assessed by 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) at rest could predict voluntary movement in severe TBI patients, particularly those with sufficient upper limb capacity to use communication devices. We visually and verbally instructed patients to clasp or open their hands. After video capture, three independent rehabilitation therapists determined whether the patients' movements were voluntary or involuntary. The results were compared with the standardized uptake value in the primary motor cortex, referring to the Penfield's homunculus, by resting state by FDG‐PET imaged 1 year prior. Results showed that glucose uptake in the left (p = 0.0015) and right (p = 0.0121) proximal limb of the primary motor cortex, based on Penfield's homunculus on cerebral cartography, may reflect contralateral voluntary movement. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a mean cutoff standardized uptake value of 5.47 ± 0.08 provided the best sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between voluntary and involuntary movements in each area. FDG‐PET may be a useful and robust biomarker for predicting long‐term recovery of motor function in severe TBI patients with disorders of consciousness.
General Report of Congress Question 62: What role can information and communication technology play in travelling the last mile (i.e., the greater adoption of research outputs)?
Authors: Hayes Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis congress question presented opportunity for focussing on ways in which information and communications technologies (ICT) might facilitate the evaluation, adaptation and uptake of research outputs rather than simply demonstrating such potential or speculating on how/when/where such potential might be realized. A broad array of technical and software‐based approaches were presented, while relatively few authors addressed the challenges associated with the socio‐economic and infrastructure challenges related to effective adoption of innovative ICT. Recommendations are made regarding potential future approaches to address these critical issues.
Applying the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics to model the subtypes of automatically reinforced self‐injurious behavior
Authors: Morris Samuel L. , Lucia Sarah M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe delineation of the subtypes of automatically reinforced self‐injurious behavior improved the utility of functional analysis results in predicting treatment efficacy. However, the mechanisms underlying subtype differences remain unclear and difficult to study in clinical populations. Morris and McDowell (2021) attempted to elucidate subtype differences by developing and evaluating models of the subtypes within the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics. In the current study, we applied techniques from precision medicine to further evaluate the models developed by Morris and McDowell. This evaluation highlighted shortcomings of the existing models and suggested ways they could be improved. Thus, we conducted more extended modeling within the framework of precision medicine to identify models that were more quantitatively similar to available clinical data. Improved models that more closely approximate clinical data were identified. The implications of these models for research, practice, and further applications of the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics are discussed.
Unlocking learner potential: A course director's experience building an Educational Escape Room for Cancer Risk Assessment
Authors: Reiser Gwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing a traditional lecture format alone often limits students' opportunities to engage with and apply the concepts taught in a classroom. This report describes the design, curricular implementation, and application of an innovative educational escape room as an active learning tool for genetic counselor educators to teach cancer risk assessment skills. A Cancer Risk Assessment Escape Room is a novel way to offer experiential learning and to assess a learner's critical thinking and ability to apply cancer risk assessment models to evolving clinical scenarios. This successful implementation of an interactive escape room can be adapted to other genetic counseling competencies. The use of an escape room allows learners to actively engage in and apply content taught in lectures before entering clinical internships.
What are the indications and survivorship of tumor endoprosthetic reconstructions for patients with extremity metastatic bone disease?
Authors: Kendal Joseph K. , Hamad Christopher D. , Abbott Annalise G. , Greig Danielle , Trikha Rishi , Christ Alexander B. , Wessel Lauren E. , Puloski Shannon K. T. , Monument Michael J. , Bernthal Nicholas M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGiven advances in therapies, endoprosthetic reconstruction (EPR) in metastatic bone disease (MBD) may be increasingly indicated. The objectives were to review the indications, and implant and patient survivorship in patients undergoing EPR for MBD.MethodsA review of patients undergoing EPR for extremity MBD between 1992 and 2022 at two centers was performed. Surgical data, implant survival, patient survival, and implant failure modes were examined.ResultsOne hundred fifteen patients were included with a median follow‐up of 14.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2–19.3) and survival of 19.4 months (95% CI: 13.6–26.1). The most common diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma (34/115, 29.6%) and the most common location was proximal femur (43/115, 37.4%). Indications included: actualized fracture (58/115, 50.4%), impending fracture (30/115, 26.1%), and failed fixation (27/115, 23.5%). Implant failure was uncommon (10/115, 8.7%). Patients undergoing EPR for failed fixation were more likely to have renal or lung cancer (p = 0.006).ConclusionsEPRs were performed most frequently for renal cell carcinoma and in patients with a relatively favorable survival. EPR was indicated for failed previous fixation in 23.5% of cases, emphasizing the importance of predictive survival modeling. EPR can be a reliable and durable surgical option for patients with MBD.
Quality of life in patients with scabies: A cross‐sectional study using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire
Authors: Paudel Sushil , Pudasaini Prajwal , Adhikari Sadiksha , Pradhan Manish Bhakta , Shekhar Babu K. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundScabies is one of the most common causes of dermatology outpatient visits. Scabies can cause significant impairment in quality of life of patients.MethodsAll consenting patients with Scabies presenting to the clinic from April 2021 to April 2022 were enrolled in this observational study. Clinical evaluation for scabies, sites involved and patient demographics was recorded. All participants were asked to complete the Nepali Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire.ResultsThis study included 119 patients. Of these, 76.5% were males, 61.3% were living single and 57.1% were students. The mean age of the study population was 24.69 ± 8.74 years. Almost half of the patients (42.8%) had had scabies for more than 1 month; a similar number of patients had at least one other member of the family with similar symptoms. The overall impairment in quality of life (QoL) was ‘very large’ with a total DLQI score of 12.91 ± 5.93.ConclusionsScabies exerts a strong impact on the quality of life of patients. Our study showed that almost half of the patients had a disease duration of more than 1 month.
Clinical evaluation of a novel multipoint radiofrequency ablation device to treat chronic rhinitis
Authors: Reh Douglas D. , Lay Kristopher , Davis Greg , Dubin Marc G. , Yen David M. , O'Malley Ellen M. , Sillers Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveSafety and efficacy of the NEUROMARK® system for treating chronic rhinitis.MethodsA prospective, single‐arm, multicenter study was performed on adults with chronic rhinitis who underwent radiofrequency ablation to the posterior nasal nerves. Primary endpoints were device‐related serious adverse events (SAEs) at 1 month and change from baseline in visual analog scale nasal symptom scale (VAS NSS) for rhinorrhea and nasal congestion at 3 months. Total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) and mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (mini RQLQ) score were also evaluated.ResultsThirty‐six participants were enrolled and completed follow‐up at 1 and 3 months. Mean VAS NSS scores for rhinorrhea and nasal congestion demonstrated significant improvement at 3 months (both p < .0001). The mean percent changes from baseline in VAS rhinorrhea and nasal congestion were 53% and 55%, respectively. Total scores and all individual rTNSS items significantly improved (all p < .001) over the measured interval. Percent responder rate (≥30% reduction from baseline in total rTNSS) at 3 months was 78%. The total mean mini RQLQ scores, as well as all subdomains, improved significantly (all p < .0001). At 3 months, 89% of participants reported a minimal clinically important difference of ≥0.4 point improvement in the mini RQLQ score. No SAEs occurred during the study.ConclusionsThe NEUROMARK System is a novel radiofrequency ablation device that provides safe and effective treatment to the posterior nasal nerves for patients with chronic rhinitis. Study participants experienced statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in symptoms and quality of life assessments at 3 months post‐procedure.Trial RegistrationThe study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov with the unique identifier of NCT05324397.Level of Evidence4.
Photothermally Induced Birefringence in an Optical Nanofiber for All‐Optical Polarization Manipulation
Authors: Qi Yun , Liao Hanyu , Ho Hoi Lut , Jin Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study reports the experimental observation of photothermally induced birefringence (PIB) in an optical nanofiber (NF). The PIB originates from the interaction between the azimuthally asymmetric evanescent field of a guided pump beam in mode and the gas molecules surrounding the NF. Light absorption of gas molecules results in azimuthal inhomogeneity in gas density, which induces birefringence of the NF waveguide. The swift heat transfer and molecular transportation in sub‐micrometer scale accounts for the fast response of the PIB with a measured rising and falling time within 9 and 70 ns, respectively. With a 12‐mm‐long NF, phase retardance as large as 3π is achieved. A theoretical model based on the rate equation is also developed for studying the photothermal dynamics and gas kinetics in PIB generation. This novel model is well consolidated by the numerical simulations, with the results agreeing well with the experiments. In consideration of the extremely low insertion loss, fast response, and reconfigurable principal axes of birefringence, the PIB can be used for all‐optical polarization manipulation. In addition, NF with PIB can also be an interesting platform for studies of gas–surface interaction, light–sound interaction controlling, sub‐micrometer scale heat and mass transfer, and molecular spectroscopy.
Local Chain Dynamics in Polyelectrolyte Multilayers of Chitosan and Spin‐Labeled Poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic acid)
Authors: Lappan Uwe , Naas Carolin , Scheler Ulrich 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cationic charged chitosan and the weak polyacid poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic acid) are used to build polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). To study the rotational dynamics of the polymer backbone in the swollen state of the PEMs using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, a nitroxide spin‐label is covalently attached to the polyacid. It is found that spectra of PEMs with even number of layers show a superposition of two spectral components: a major, slow‐motion component, which arises from chain segments intrinsically compensated by protonated amino groups of the chitosan, and a minor, fast‐motion component, which is assumed to originate from loops and tails of the polyacid chain located at the surface of the PEMs. The dissociated acid groups in the loops and tails are extrinsically compensated by small counterions and the rotational mobility of these chain segments is consequently much higher compared to chain segments interacting with the oppositely charged chitosan.
Regular solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations, with convective terms, in Orlicz spaces
Authors: Barletta G. , Tornatore E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe establish some existence and regularity results to the Dirichlet problem, for a class of quasilinear elliptic equations involving a partial differential operator, depending on the gradient of the solution. Our results are formulated in the Orlicz–Sobolev spaces and under general growth conditions on the convection term. The sub‐ and supersolutions method is a key tool in the proof of the existence results.
Novel druggable mechanism of Parkinson's disease: Potential therapeutics and underlying pathogenesis based on ferroptosis
Authors: Jiang Xiaoying , Wu Kaiyu , Ye Xiang‐Yang , Xie Tian , Zhang Pengfei , Blass Benjamin E. , Bai Renren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGenetics, age, environmental factors, and oxidative stress have all been implicated in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, a complete understanding of its pathology remains elusive. At present, there is no cure for PD, and currently available therapeutics are insufficient to meet patient needs. Ferroptosis, a distinctive iron‐dependent cell death mode characterized by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, has pathophysiological features similar to those of PD, including iron accumulation, reactive oxygen species‐induced oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ferroptosis has been identified as a specific pathway of neuronal death and is closely related to the pathogenesis of PD. Despite the similarities in the biological targets involved in PD pathogenesis and ferroptosis, the relationship between novel targets in PD and ferroptosis has been neglected in the literature. In this review, the mechanism of ferroptosis is discussed, and the potential therapeutic targets implicated in both PD and ferroptosis are compared. Furthermore, the anti‐PD effects of several ferroptosis inhibitors, as well as clinical studies thereof, and the identification of novel lead compounds for the treatment of PD and the inhibition of ferroptosis are reviewed. It is hoped that this review can promote research to further elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and PD and provide new strategies for the development of novel ferroptosis‐targeting PD therapy.
Expanded access protocol (EAP) program for access to investigational products for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Yerton Megan , Winter Allison , Gelevski Dario , Addy Grace , Kostov Anthony , Lieberman Cassandra , Weber Harli , Doyle Michael , Kane Geli , Cohen Caroline , Parikh Neil , Burke Katherine M. , Rohrer Margot , Stirrat Taylor , Bruno Margaret , Hochman Alison , Luppino Sarah , Scalia Jennifer , D'Agostino Derek , Sinani Ervin , Yu Hong , Drake Kristin , Hagar Jennifer , Sherman Alexander V. , Babu Suma , Berry James D. , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Paganoni Sabrina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsExpanded access protocols (EAPs) are a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐regulated pathway for granting access to investigational products (IPs) to individuals with serious diseases who are ineligible for clinical trials. There is limited information about the use of EAPs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); the aim of this report is to share the design, operational features, and costs of an EAP program for ALS.MethodsThe program was launched in 2018 at a single center. In alignment with FDA guidance, protocols were designed as individual (single participant) or intermediate size. Inclusion criteria were broad (e.g., no restrictions due to long disease duration or low vital capacity). Safety information was collected in all EAPs. Selected biomarkers were collected in nine of the EAPs.ResultsFrom July 2018 through February 2022, 17 EAPs were submitted for FDA and institutional review board (IRB) approval. The mean time from submission to approval from the FDA and IRB were 24 days and 37 days, respectively. A total of 164 participants were enrolled and, of these, 77 participants were still receiving IP as of February 2022. The mean duration of participation in an EAP was 12.6 mo. No drug‐related serious adverse events were reported from any of the EAPs. Average site cost was $613.47 per participant per month, not including IP costs.ConclusionEAPs provide a framework through which access to IP can be safely provided to people with ALS who do not qualify for clinical trials. Site resources are needed to launch and maintain these programs.
Outcome in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐Zuhairy Ali , Jakobsen Johannes 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsOutcomes in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) have been reported in longitudinal and cross‐sectional studies. A considerable variation in long‐term disease outcome has appeared in those reports. To overcome this uncertainty, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted on CIDP outcomes, including the parameters of case fatality rate, ambulation, physical ability, and remission.MethodsIn accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE (OVID) for reports with at least 2 years of follow‐up on patients with active or previously active CIDP that were published no later than May 12, 2022. Studies were appraised for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for studies reporting prevalence data. Pooled analyses were conducted and the results were visualized using forest plots. The study protocol was registered prospectively on PROSPERO (CRD42021266903).ResultsA total of 1290 titles were identified. Sixty‐nine full‐text articles were screened and 21 studies with 1199 patients were selected for the data analysis. The pooled case fatality rate was 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9% to 5.7%). The pooled fraction of nonambulatory patients was 8.2% (95% CI, 5.7% to 11.6%) and, overall, 47.1% (95% CI, 39.5% to 54.9%) of CIDP patients had a good outcome without disability. The pooled rate of remission was 40.8% (95% CI, 30.6% to 51.8%).DiscussionFuture research is warranted on how to prevent long‐term impairment in CIDP. Care should be taken in developing clinical strategies to avoid immunomodulating therapy in the many patients in remission.
Development of a risk assessment scale for use by nurses to assess the risk of deep vein thrombosis in gynaecology in China: A Delphi‐based study
Authors: Long Yun , He Fang , Zhu Shening , Zhu Wenfeng , Dong Mengzhen , Li Xiaoying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimRisk assessment models for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) used worldwide are based on multidisciplinary data from Western countries. We aimed to establish a DVT risk assessment model that is applicable to Chinese patients with gynaecological conditions.DesignA risk assessment tool for DVT in gynaecology using the Delphi method.MethodsA three‐round Delphi study was conducted among experts who were asked to rate the importance of each risk factor in the Caprini scale. The consensus for each item was defined as a mean rating of >3 and a coefficient of variation (CV) of <0.5 in the first round, as CV <0.3 in the second round.ResultsEleven experts participated in the Delphi method, with a response rate of 100%. Kendall's coefficients of concordance (W) were 0.264 and 0.322 in the first and second rounds, respectively (p < 0.001). The DVT risk assessment scale includes 8 dimensions and 34 items.
Design of thermal conductive polymer composites with precisely controlling graphene nanoplatelets at the interface of polypropylene and high melt strength polypropylene via elongation flow
Authors: Chen Jiahuan , Chen Yirong , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Pengkui , Wang Dehe , Ye Weihong , Chen Anfu , Lei Caihong , Yin Zhansong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe migration and selective localization of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in a polypropylene/high melt strength polypropylene (PP/HMSPP) blend under elongational and shear forces are studied. The effects of elongational flow upon the elongational rheology, X‐ray diffraction patterns, thermal properties, and mechanical properties are investigated. The results show that the elongational viscosity and melt strength of HMSPP are higher than those of PP under elongational flow, whereby HMSPP shows elongational strain hardening behavior, and the migrating of GNPs from the PP to the HMSPP phase is hindered. As a result, the GNPs are constrained to remain at the interface between the two phases. In addition, the elongational force can exfoliate GNPs more effectively, and the orientation of GNPs along the phase interface will reduce the migration rate of GNPs at the interface, while precisely controlling the location of the GNPs at the phase interface. Thus, more thermal conductivity pathways are constructed and, hence, the thermal conductivity of the PP/HMSPP/GNPs composite prepared under elongational flow is higher than that prepared under shear flow. The present work provides a new method for the preparation of highly thermally conductive polymer composites.