bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Brain Energy Metabolism Related to Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Hirata Kosei , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Tagai Kenji , Endo Hironobu , Tatebe Harutsugu , Ono Maiko , Kokubo Naomi , Oyama Asaka , Shinotoh Hitoshi , Takahata Keisuke , Obata Takayuki , Dehghani Masoumeh , Near Jamie , Kawamura Kazunori , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Shimada Hitoshi , Yokota Takanori , Tokuda Takahiko , Higuchi Makoto , Takado Yuhei 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveIncreasing evidence suggests that reactive astrocytes are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its underlying pathogenesis remains unknown. Given the role of astrocytes in energy metabolism, reactive astrocytes may contribute to altered brain energy metabolism. Astrocytes are primarily considered glycolytic cells, suggesting a preference for lactate production. This study aimed to examine alterations in astrocytic activities and their association with brain lactate levels in AD.MethodsThe study included 30 AD and 30 cognitively unimpaired participants. For AD participants, amyloid and tau depositions were confirmed by positron emission tomography using [11C]PiB and [18F]florzolotau, respectively. Myo‐inositol, an astroglial marker, and lactate in the posterior cingulate cortex were quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites were compared with plasma biomarkers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein as another astrocytic marker, and amyloid and tau positron emission tomography.ResultsMyo‐inositol and lactate levels were higher in AD patients than in cognitively unimpaired participants (p < 0.05). Myo‐inositol levels correlated with lactate levels (r = 0.272, p = 0.047). Myo‐inositol and lactate levels were positively associated with the Clinical Dementia Rating sum‐of‐boxes scores (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were noted between myo‐inositol levels and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 levels, and amyloid and tau positron emission tomography accumulation in the posterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.05).InterpretationWe found high myo‐inositol levels accompanied by increased lactate levels in the posterior cingulate cortex in AD patients, indicating a link between reactive astrocytes and altered brain energy metabolism. Myo‐inositol and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein may reflect similar astrocytic changes as biomarkers of AD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:104–115
Neutronen machen Wasserstofftransport und Gasbildung in Ni‐Metallhydrid‐Batterien sichtbar
Authors: Nikolic Marin , Cesarini Alessia , Billeter Emanuel , Weyand Fabian , Trtik Pavel , Strobl Markus , Borgschulte Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEffizienzverluste aufgrund von Nebenreaktionen sind eine der größten Herausforderungen bei der Batterieentwicklung. Obwohl Standardanalysen wertvolle Erkenntnisse liefern, können die Ergebnisse beruhend auf einzelnen Komponenten nicht einfach auf das gesamte Betriebssystem extrapoliert werden. Daher sind zerstörungsfreie und Ortshochauflösende Ansätze gefragt, die die Untersuchung des gesamten Systems ermöglichen. In dieser Arbeit haben wir die Neutronenradiographie und ‐tomographie kombiniert mit der elektrischen Überwachung des Ladezustands handelsüblicher Ni‐Mischmetallhydrid‐Batterien, um den Austausch und Transport von Wasserstoff unter Betriebsbedingungen zu verfolgen. Dieser zerstörungsfreie Ansatz ermöglicht sowohl die Quantifizierung der Wasserstoffverteilung in den Elektroden in 4D als auch die Unterscheidung zwischen dem elektrochemisch ausgetauschten Wasserstoff und dem durch Nebenreaktionen erzeugten Wasserstoffgas in Abhängigkeit vom angelegten elektrischen Potenzial und Strom. Eine der kontraintuitivsten Beobachtungen ist, dass die Erzeugung von Wasserstoffgas während der Entladung vom Ladezustand der Batterie abhängt. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse liefern neue Einblicke in die Mechanismen, die die elektrochemischen Prozesse während des Betriebs von Ni‐Mischmetallhydrid‐Batterien steuern, und ebnen auch den Weg für die Anwendung dieser Methode zur Untersuchung von Li‐Ionen‐Batterien.
Varying the Stiffness and Diffusivity of Rod‐Shaped Microgels Independently through Their Molecular Building Blocks
Authors: Kittel Yonca , Guerzoni Luis P. B. , Itzin Carolina , Rommel Dirk , Mork Matthias , Bastard Céline , Häßel Bernhard , Omidinia‐Anarkoli Abdolrahman , Centeno Silvia P. , Haraszti Tamás , Kim Kyoohyun , Guck Jochen , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , De Laporte Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicrogels are water‐swollen, crosslinked polymers that are widely used as colloidal building blocks in scaffold materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Microgels can be controlled in their stiffness, degree of swelling, and mesh size depending on their polymer architecture, crosslink density, and fabrication method—all of which influence their function and interaction with the environment. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of how the polymer composition influences the internal structure of soft microgels and how this morphology affects specific biomedical applications. In this report, we systematically vary the architecture and molar mass of polyethylene glycol‐acrylate (PEG‐Ac) precursors, as well as their concentration and combination, to gain insight in the different parameters that affect the internal structure of rod‐shaped microgels. We characterize the mechanical properties and diffusivity, as well as the conversion of acrylate groups during photopolymerization, in both bulk hydrogels and microgels produced from the PEG‐Ac precursors. Furthermore, we investigate cell‐microgel interaction, and we observe improved cell spreading on microgels with more accessible RGD peptide and with a stiffness in a range of 20 kPa to 50 kPa lead to better cell growth.
High‐Performance Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis with Anomalous Chloride Promoted Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Hao , Shen Wei , Jin Huanyu , Xu Jun , Xi Pinxian , Dong Juncai , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA highly selective and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst is the bottleneck for direct seawater splitting because of side reactions primarily caused by chloride ions (Cl−). Most studies about OER catalysts in seawater focus on the repulsion of the Cl− to reduce its negative effects. Herein, we demonstrate that the absorption of Cl− on the specific site of a popular OER electrocatalyst, nickel‐iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH), does not have a significant negative impact; rather, it is beneficial for its activity and stability enhancement in natural seawater. A set of in situ characterization techniques reveals that the adsorption of Cl− on the desired Fe site suppresses Fe leaching, and creates more OER‐active Ni sites, improving the catalyst's long‐term stability and activity simultaneously. Therefore, we achieve direct alkaline seawater electrolysis for the very first time on a commercial‐scale alkaline electrolyser (AE, 120 cm2 electrode area) using the NiFe LDH anode. The new alkaline seawater electrolyser exhibits a reduction in electricity consumption by 20.7 % compared to the alkaline purified water‐based AE using commercial Ni catalyst, achieving excellent durability for 100 h at 200 mA cm−2.
Pd Loaded NiCo Hydroxides for Biomass Electrooxidation: Understanding the Synergistic Effect of Proton Deintercalation and Adsorption Kinetics
Authors: Liu Guihao , Nie Tianqi , Song Ziheng , Sun Xiaoliang , Shen Tianyang , Bai Sha , Zheng Lirong , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe key issue in the 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) is to understand the synergistic mechanism involving the protons deintercalation of catalyst and the adsorption of the substrate. In this study, a Pd/NiCo catalyst was fabricated by modifying Pd clusters onto a Co‐doped Ni(OH)2 support, in which the introduction of Co induced lattice distortion and optimized the energy band structure of Ni sites, while the Pd clusters with an average size of 1.96 nm exhibited electronic interactions with NiCo support, resulting in electron transfer from Pd to Ni sites. The resulting Pd/NiCo exhibited low onset potential of 1.32 V and achieved a current density of 50 mA/cm2 at only 1.38 V. Compared to unmodified Ni(OH)2, the Pd/NiCo achieved an 8.3‐fold increase in peak current density. DFT calculations and in situ XAFS revealed that the Co sites affected the conformation and band structure of neighboring Ni sites through CoO6 octahedral distortion, reducing the proton deintercalation potential of Pd/NiCo and promoting the production of Ni3+−O active species accordingly. The involvement of Pd decreased the electronic transfer impedance, and thereby accelerated Ni3+−O formation. Moreover, the Pd clusters enhanced the adsorption of HMF through orbital hybridization, kinetically promoting the contact and reaction of HMF with Ni3+−O.
Work‐Function‐Induced Interfacial Electron/Ion Transport in Carbon Hosts toward Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Feng Yu‐Shuai , Li Yun‐Nuo , Wang Pei , Guo Zai‐Ping , Cao Fei‐Fei , Ye Huan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoupled electron/ion transport is a decisive feature of Li plating/stripping, wherein the compatibility of electron/ion transport rates determines the morphology of deposited Li. Local Li+ hotspots form due to inhomogeneous interfacial charge transfer and lead to uncontrolled Li deposition, which decreases the Li utilization rate and safety of Li metal anodes. Herein, we report a method to obtain dendrite‐free Li metal anodes by driving electron pumping and accumulating and boosting Li ion diffusion by tuning the work function of a carbon host using cobalt‐containing catalysts. The results reveal that increasing the work function provides an electron deviation from C to Co, and electron‐rich Co shows favorable binding to Li+. The Co catalysts boost Li+ diffusion on the carbon fiber scaffolds without local aggregation by reducing the Li+ migration barrier. The as‐obtained dendrite‐free Li metal anode exhibits a Coulombic efficiency of 99.0 %, a cycle life of over 2000 h, a Li utilization rate of 50 %, and a capacity retention of 83.4 % after 130 cycles in pouch cells at a negative/positive capacity ratio of 2.5. These findings provide a novel strategy to stabilize Li metal by regulating the work function of materials using electrocatalysts.
Adaptive neural network control of multiple‐sectioned flexible riser with time‐varying output constraint and input nonlinearity
Authors: Liu Fengjiao , Yao Xiangqian , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive neural network controller is proposed for vibration suppression of a multisectional riser system with unknown boundary disturbance, time‐varying asymmetric output constraint, and input nonlinearity. The considered riser system is composed of a continuous connection of several different pipes, and its dynamic models are represented by a set of multiple continuously connected partial differential equations (PDEs) and an ordinary differential equation (ODE) at the top boundary. Considering input nonlinearity, external disturbance, and system uncertainty, radial basis function (RBF) neural networks are adopted to eliminate the effect of these uncertain terms. Besides, a barrier Lyapunov function is employed to guarantee the restrictions. With the proposed boundary control, the stability of the closed‐loop system is proved and simulations are given to illustrate the well performance of the proposed control strategy.
Verformungsverhalten von R‐Beton mit 100 % rezyklierter Gesteinskörnung
Authors: Eßer Angelika , Vievers Yannick , Johansen Roman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDurch die Verwendung von Abbruchmaterial in Form von Beton‐ oder Mauerwerksbruch als Gesteinskörnung im Beton lassen sich zum einen enorme Mengen des anfallenden Bauschutts wiederverwenden, sodass eine Entsorgung für diese Stoffströme nicht erforderlich ist. Zum anderen lassen sich Primärrohstoffe für die Herstellung von Betonbauteilen einsparen, wodurch der weltweiten Verknappung von Sand und Kies effektiv entgegengewirkt wird. In den letzten Jahren wurden die (verfahrens‐)technischen Methoden zur Aufbereitung solcher Abbruchmaterialien stetig weiterentwickelt und das Angebot an rezyklierter Gesteinskörnung ist noch lange nicht erschöpft. In Deutschland werden durch normative Regelungen die Anwendungsbereiche von ressourcenschonendem Beton (R‐Beton) festgelegt und die Rezyklatmengen in Abhängigkeit von der Expositionsklasse auf maximal 45 % der groben Gesteinskörnung begrenzt. Mithilfe dieser Studie wird das Verformungsverhalten von R‐Betonen mit 100 % Rezyklat näher charakterisiert.
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy approach to the emotional regulation effect of drawing: Venting versus distraction
Authors: Zhang Xinlei , Yan Wenhua , Xu Cheng , Yang Aiping , Shen Zihan , Guo Xinwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDrawing can regulate emotions through venting or distraction. Distraction is more helpful for short‐term emotion recovery; however, the sustainability of this difference is yet to be clarified. This study used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore potential differences between venting and distraction.MethodsA total of 44 college students participated in the experiment. After inducing fear by video, they were divided into two groups: The venting group drew their emotional experience, and the distraction group drew a house. Subsequently, the participants were instructed to relax by a brief video.ResultsAlthough the distraction group had a higher valence than the venting group at the end of the drawing activity, there was no difference between the two groups after a relaxation period. Additionally, the activation pattern of the prefrontal cortex differed between the two groups. Compared to the distraction group, the venting group had fewer channels with elevated prefrontal activity during drawing, suggesting less cognitive control, and had more channels with reduced prefrontal activity during relaxation, suggesting a higher level of relaxation. Drawing coding and fNIRS data were both associated with variations in valence.ConclusionThe less the cognitive control over emotion and the more free the expression of emotion during drawing, the higher the increase in valence; inversely, the more the cognitive control over emotion and the less free the expression of emotion, the lower the increase in valence.
Potential Applications of Ionic Liquids in Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Authors: Munir Nadia , Awang Raja Azman , Muhammad Nawshad , Ismail Noor Huda , Khan Abdul Samad , Inayat Naveed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as potential solvents in dentistry has increased. Dental polymers use ionic liquids as solvents, plasticizers, surfactants, and disinfectants. Additionally, they possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. This review aimed to evaluate the potential of task‐specific liquids in dental applications. Methodology: The Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched electronically for studies published between May 2013 and May 2022. Relevant publications were retrieved, evaluated, and organized for data compilation. Results and conclusion: The inclusion of ILs in dental cement, resin composites, or surface modifiers on dental implants could lead to the development of novel procedures in dentistry. The influence on the durability, structural rigidity, and other physical and mechanical properties of dental materials is profound. Additionally, they have attracted the attention of dental researchers worldwide as potent antimicrobial agent. However, further research is required to determine the effects of ILs on biosafety of host cells and mechanical properties of dental materials.
Methodologies of Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water Using Various Waste Materials: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jamkar Subhadra , Tripathy Arpita , Mallik Sandipan , Pal Dipankar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe contamination of water with heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, nickel, zinc, lead, and cobalt presents a pressing and formidable challenge for numerous countries. The surge in industrial activities has exacerbated the pollution of freshwater sources, resulting in an alarming escalation of toxic metal concentrations in lakes, rivers, and underground water reservoirs. Consequently, millions of individuals in developing nations face significant health risks associated with heavy metal exposure. Compounding this issue is the limited accessibility to advanced water treatment methods, intensifying the gravity of the situation. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to investigating low‐cost adsorbents derived from waste materials. It has been observed that the complete removal of heavy metals can be obtained using waste materials like eggshells, neem leaves, red mud, and black tea waste. The objective is to enhance the efficacy of heavy metal removal from water by employing modified waste materials as effective adsorbents. In this comprehensive review, concise and in‐depth information about the utilization of readily available waste materials is provided, including black tea waste, fruit peels, vegetable peels, sawdust, and other similar resources. This review emphasizes the kinetics and mechanisms involved in removing heavy metals. Additionally, the factors that impact the efficiency and extent of heavy metal removal in different waste materials have also been discussed.
Enhanced Cr(VI) Photocatalysis Reduction by Layered N‐doped TiO2 Sheets from Template Free Solvothermal Method
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Yang Jingxia , Wang Jinjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLayered TiO2 sheets with high Cr(VI) photoreduction ability were prepared by template free solvothermal method using ethylene glycol (EG) as structure directing agent. EG linking function in the layered TiO2 structure were confirmed by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS and so on. Moreover, the obtained large sized TiO2 (20~50 μm in length, about 5~10 μm in width) were assembled by N‐doped TiO2 thin sheets with about 1.2 nm gap in between, resulting in very high surface area (327.5 m2/g) and abundant Ti3+ sites for Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction. This structure can not only have good performance during Cr(VI) photocatalysis reduction application (Cr(VI) removal rate: 0.84 mg*g−1*min−1), but also endow the material with good cycle ability.
Systematic engineering of BiVO4 photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Liang Zhiting , Li Meng , Ye Kai‐Hang , Tang Tongxin , Lin Zhan , Zheng Yuying , Huang Yongchao , Ji Hongbing , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiVO4 is one of the most promising photoanode materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar energy conversion, but it still suffers from poor photocurrent density due to insufficient light‐harvesting efficiency (LHE), weak photogenerated charge separation efficiency (ΦSep), and low water oxidation efficiency (ΦOX). Herein, we tackle these challenges of the BiVO4 photoanodes using systematic engineering, including catalysis engineering, bandgap engineering, and morphology engineering. In particular, we deposit a NiCoOx layer onto the BiVO4 photoanode as the oxygen evolution catalyst to enhance the ΦOX of Fe‐g‐C3N4/BiVO4 for PEC water oxidation, and incorporate Fe‐doped graphite‐phase C3N4 (Fe‐g‐C3N4) into the BiVO4 photoanode to optimize the bandgap and surface areas to subsequently expand the light absorption range of the photoanode from 530 to 690 nm, increase the LHE and ΦSep, and further improve the oxygen evolution reaction activity of the NiCoOx catalytic layer. Consequently, the maximum photocurrent density of the as‐prepared NiCoOx/Fe‐g‐C3N4/BiVO4 is remarkably boosted from 4.6 to 7.4 mA cm−2. This work suggests that the proposed systematic engineering strategy is exceptionally promising for improving LHE, ΦSep, and ΦOX of BiVO4‐based photoanodes, which will substantially benefit the design, preparation, and large‐scale application of next‐generation high‐performance photoanodes.
Symmetrical and Mixed Tris(acyl)phosphines: Synthesis, Oxidation and Photochemistry
Authors: Wiesner Tanja , Neshchadin Dmytro , Glotz Gabriel , Gfader Zeno , Schrader Erik , Christen Samuel , Fischer Roland C. , Kelterer Anne‐Marie , Gescheidt Georg , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Haas Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, we present a convenient synthesis for symmetrical and mixed substituted tris(acyl)phosphines (TAPs) starting from red phosphorus. All TAPs exhibit a phosphaalkene‐acylphosphine equilibrium, which was investigated in detail by variable‐temperature (VT) NMR spectroscopy supported by density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations. Depending on the substituents, two phosphaalkene derivatives and ten acylphosphine derivatives could be isolated. NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography enabled a clear structural assignment of these compounds. Oxidation of selected TAPs led to the formation of the corresponding tris(acyl)phosphine oxides (TAPOs). Furthermore, their spectroscopic properties as well as their photochemistry was investigated. Especially, the TAPO compounds were evaluated for their suitability as photoinitiators by CIDNP spectroscopy, photobleaching measurements and by storage stability tests.
Concise Synthesis of (±)‐Fortuneicyclidins and (±)‐Cephalotine B Enabled by Pd‐Catalyzed Dearomative Spirocyclization**
Authors: Uwabe Yota , Muto Kei , Yamaguchi Junichiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTotal syntheses of C11‐oxygenated Cephalotaxus alkaloids, fortuneicyclidins A and B, and cephalotine B, were achieved. The key for the synthesis is a Pd‐catalyzed dearomative spirocyclization of bromofurans with N‐tosylhydrazones, followed by acid‐mediated tandem transformation to construct the tetracyclic skeleton with the C11‐oxygen functional group. Chemo‐selective and catalytic functional group conversions of the tetracyclic intermediate completed the synthesis of fortuneicyclidins and cephalotine B in 8 and 9 steps, respectively.
Immunological Exploration of Helicobacter pylori Serotype O2 O‐Antigen by Using a Synthetic Glycan Library
Authors: Zhao Ming , Tian Guangzong , Qin Chunjun , Zou Xiaopeng , Seeberger Peter H. , Hu Jing , Yin Jian 
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive SummaryHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a threat to human health. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O‐antigen holds promise for developing vaccines. It is meaningful to explore the immunological activity of oligosaccharides with different lengths and frameshifts for antigen development. Herein, a glycan library of H. pylori O2 O‐antigen containing eight fragments is constructed. After screening with anti‐H. pylori O2 LPS sera and patients’ sera by glycan microarray, the disaccharide HPO2G‐2b and trisaccharide HPO2G‐3a show strong antigenicity and then are separately conjugated with carrier protein CRM197. Both glycoconjugates elicit a robust immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune response in rabbits. The anti‐HPO2G‐3a IgG antibodies possess a much stronger binding affinity with the LPS and bacteria of H. pylori O2 than the anti‐HPO2G‐2b IgG antibodies. There is no cross‐reaction between both sera IgG antibodies with LPS and bacteria of H. pylori O1, O6, and E. coli. The results demonstrate the trisaccharide HPO2G‐3a is a promising candidate for H. pylori vaccine development.