bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Riserless Light Well Intervention Operability from Operator Perspective
Authors: Ge Michael Long , Vick Matthew , Reed Mark , Ramnarine Alan , Kelley Merrick , Boheimer Alex 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent industry trend to increase the production from current offshore assets without significant green field investment require more intervention operations. Riserless light well intervention system is gaining more popularity due to quick turn-around and efficiencies. A typical riserless light well intervention system is composed by coiled tubing downline system, umbilical and wireline system, and well control package. The existing coiled tubing and riserless light well intervention system unfortunately is not designed for open water intervention operations, especially in challenging deepwater environment.
For offshore interventions on a floating vessel, the coiled tubing is deployed from a reel through an injector, and is subject to significant dynamic movements due to wave loadings, ocean current and vessel movement. Integration of umbilical, wireline and other pressure control equipment causes additional constraints on the system's already limited operability windows. Additionally, the crowded subsea infrastructure and dropped object risks create extra challenges for safe and efficient operations.
This paper presents the key challenges and solutions faced by operators in design and operation of the offshore riserless light well intervention system. The challenges are presented from several perspectives: from the equipment capacity and integrity, system operability limitations, risk awareness, procedure controls, to industry standards. The methods and processes to tackle each challenge are presented.
The equipment capacity and weak point are identified and improvement options of various components are evaluated. The equipment improvement opportunities include LARS hoisting capacity assessment, UTA and mudmat tipping over prevention, wireline lazy wave and buoyancy configuration, injector head and guide optimization, subsea jumper and ROV pulling load specification. The operability limitations are increased by engineering analysis optimization and detailed 3D finite element modelling of critical components. Risk awareness and procedure controls are improved by operation guidance and fatigue monitoring mitigations. The novel approaches presented in this paper can be considered for improvement of other riserless light well intervention systems and development of a common industry standard.
Developing the Future of Gravity Deployed Well Intervention Conveyance
Authors: Merrick Arthur Jonathan , Huizer Jan Arie Aldo , Ash William Richard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
At present there are significant strength to weight ratio challenges in the extreme well intervention market when regarding Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) wells. Conventional cable construction, even when jacketed, restricts either the total depth achievable or the size of toolstring conveyed due to the overpull available when considering the safe working load of the cable. We consider a fundamentally new conveyance construction that can operate both within and on existing well intervention infrastructure to address this challenge.
Our approach is to ensure the cables desired strength to weight ratio can be achieved whilst considering its fundamental properties including flexibility and fatigue life as well the suitability of its strength member for the application and environment. In order to achieve this static, dynamic and environmental testing has been conducted. In addition, to ensure integrity is maintained, rapid gas decompression and internal fluid migration are to be considered and tested.
As a result of the strict design envelope (which mandated a step change in strength-to-weight ratio whilst maintaining standard well intervention equipment deployment) the future of well intervention conveyance is now up to 75% lighter than the equivalent dimensioned steel cable due to the use of high specification composite materials. Notable challenges in bending radius, fatigue life, fluid migration and surface handling needs were overcome through a variety of unique proprietary approaches. A 0.25" cable with 8200lbs breaking strength can now weigh only 13lbs per 1000ft when submerged in water, and comparative performance against existing cable technology for gas well deployments is even more notable. The future of well intervention conveyance, especially for ERD wells and unconventional applications, lies within high specification composite materials.
The practicing engineer will see how new well intervention conveyance can open up previously unreachable depths in the wellbore, and how a step change in strength-to-weight ratio improves operational performance by affording more overpull capacity. Whether the technology is applied to conveying heavier tool string in convention wells, or reaching greater depths in complex ERD wells, the use of composite wireline conveyance compared to traditional steel cable technology is clearly presented for the practicing engineer.
Increase the Effectiveness of Water Shutoff Operation Using Acoustic Leak Detection and Pressure Thermal Log in Mature Field South Sumatera – Indonesia
Authors: Proboseno Nayung Galih , Atmiaji Aris Nur , Suryana Asep , Setiawan Rudhy , Haryaputra Adhyasa Humam , Fansuri Taufik , Jusda Masrul Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe evaluation of flow profile in the wellbore system is an important part of oil & gas field development. Leaks that occur in or behind the production casing is not only potentially causes safety and environmental issue but also potentially misjudgments of production performance analysis and the estimation of remaining reserve. The flow profile in the wellbore mostly affected by the life cycle of well during drilling phase, completion phase, production or injection phase and restoration phase. One of many well-known technologies applied in oil & gas industries is acoustic leak detection and pressure thermal log. The selection of surveillance technique to identify undesired water flow problem is not only provides more effective result but also carries an acceptable risk in term of the project cost. The objective of this paper is to show how a new approach of acoustic leak detection and pressure thermal surveillance can be used to increase the effectiveness of water shutoff operation in mature oil and gas field.The new approach of dynamic surveillance technique provided the acoustic, pressure and thermal data acquisition along the artificial lift wells can be interpreted. The case studies shows that the undesired water flow in or behind production casing can be identified precisely compared with a conventional method such as cement bond log.As the result, the data interpretation gives a remarkable result both of the successful water shutoff operation and post job production performance. Water significantly can be reduced from 1300 bbl per day to 320 bbl per day and the other hand oil & gas significantly can be increased from 34 boepd to 532 boepd.Moreover, this paper should be beneficial to help all petroleum engineers currently working in mature oilfield not only to identify undesired water flow problem precisely but also develop a comprehensive and effective water shutoff and remediation plan.
Protecting from H2S Damage – Expanding the Knowledge
Authors: Craig Steven , Lindsey Bennie , Elliott Kevin , Arriaga Ezequiel , Thom Finlay , Blatter Anjan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper will present an update on the operational benefits of utilizing anti-cracking inhibitors in sour wells. Multiple papers have shared the details of a Joint Industry Project which resulted in a one-size-fits-all fatigue derating factor by the service supplier. In recent years, additional testing has challenged that practice and a greater variety of improved derating factors are utilized in fatigue tracking software.
The testing process of exposing samples to sour conditions for 72 hours and conducting bend fatigue testing post exposure remains the method used in this paper. The process updated the JIP practice of one-time coating of the sample with the addition of an anti-cracking inhibitor to the sour fluid. This update more closely replicates real-world operations. In addition, there was a greater focus on the test sample size, stress and strain to reduce fatigue testing time and reduce the effects of any outgassing leading to a more accurate and repeatable test.
A comparison of three typical test methods will be presented: non-inhibited sour tests by the original equipment manufacturer, inhibited field specific partial pressure testing by an operator and globally applicable inhibited testing conducted at the maximum apparatus test level by a service provider. Comparison of prior anti-cracking inhibitor and a North Sea approved inhibitor results will be detailed. The practice for conducting the tests with a high yield material and extending the results to a lower grade material with similar chemistry will be detailed. Note that the results of separate tests conducted on the pipe body and bias welds will be compared and detailed. A brief summary of the service providers record of global sour pipe operations will illustrate these practices have proved suitable in the field.
The updated practices and procedures for sour testing have not been shared in prior papers. The improved pipe life will assist the industry with efficient and safe operational planning in sour wells. Finally extending pipe life will reduce the amount of raw steel required for operations and ultimately reducing carbon dioxide emissions, a global challenge from which we can all benefit.
Analysis of Microseismic Events to Understand the Fracture Growth During Hydraulic Fracturing: A Case Study of a Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Kaka SanLinn I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydraulic fracturing technology has been successfully used in the production of shale gas reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing directly induces pore pressure changes in the reservoir and associated stress. The sudden release of such a stress build-up results in microseismic events that create new fractures or activate pre-existing ones. This study is undertaken to analyze induced microseismic events to map the fracture growth and understand fluid flow in the reservoir.A well-established processing workflow was used to process data that included enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio, detection of events by auto-picking the arrival times of the P- and the S-waves, and identification of the various phases. Three different methods were explored to detect the arrivals including root mean square amplitude, envelope method, and the Akaike information criterion. Microseismic events were recorded from the downhole array during multistage hydraulic fracturing in a shale gas reservoir. The downhole array consists of twelve 3- component sensors deployed in a vertical well. The events are triggered during the 12- stages of fracturing and perforation.The validity of the analysis depends on the accurate localization of events that require the identification and picking of waveform phases correctly and reliable knowledge about the velocity structure. A reliable velocity structure is not always available, in most cases, the velocity model used in microseismic processing is estimated from dipole sonic logs performed along the monitoring or treatment wells before the hydraulic stimulation. Therefore, these velocities have the limitation of being representative of the propagation in the vertical direction close to the wells, which can potentially be disturbed due to the drilling and other associated perturbations around the wellbore. The workflow followed in this study has overcome the above limitations. Initial results show that all located microseismic events are well correlated with injection rates. Note a significate increase in events at the end of the injection till 10 minutes after the injection. Changes in the length and width of the fracture indicate heterogeneity along the treated volume. The spatiotemporal pattern of the events helps distinguish fluid movements and compartmentalization within the reservoir.This analysis serves to gain experience in processing microseismic data and the results can be correlated with numerical models to understand which variables play important role in fracture propagation. This study also highlights the importance of changes in local stress in determining the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing.
An Improved iNewRenoTCP Protocol for Mobile Adhoc Networks
Authors: Singh Rajnesh , Singh Neeta , Dinke Aarti Gautam , Verma Poonam , Gupta Sunil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an improved NewReno (iNewReno) TCP protocol has been proposed for futuristic MANETs applications. The iNewReno is a modification to TCP's Congestion avoidance phase;fast retransmission phase and fast recovery phase. In the proposed iNewReno,dynamic congestion window is adopted. A comprehensive experimental study to analyze the performance of iNewReno in various network environments is also presented in this paper. The proposed iNewReno algorithm has considered Round Trip Time (RTT), an average of RTT, and time taken by three duplicate ACK in the congestion avoidance phase. The proposed protocol decreases the delay in the network upto 70–90%, which minimizes the RTT leading to faster retransmission of packets and reduced congestion. Also, in iNewReno, Retransmission Time Out (RTO) is not considered in fast retransmission phase and fast recovery phase. Quantitative and realistic results for both NewReno and iNewReno are evaluated and compared through exhaustive experiments and simulations. It has been evident that different TCP variants have different robustness against mobility, and with a suitable choice of the robust TCP protocol, the network performance improves. The obtained results and analysis are significant and indicate that the proposed algorithm provides an improved performance for a TCP protocol in a given real-time network application.
Comparison of Statistical Methods for Classification of Human Semen Data
Authors: V.S Abbiramy , Mary Ani Brown 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Classification is quite an important task in medical data analysis. The goal of classification is to build a concise model of the distribution of the dependent attribute in terms of the predictor attributes. Statistical classification is the problem of identifying the subpopulation to which new observations belong to whereas probabilistic classification returns a probability distribution for the class label attribute rather than returning a single class label. The aim is to classify human semen sample either as fertile or infertile using probabilistic and statistical classification algorithm. The accuracy of classifying the semen sample is assessed using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression to distinguish infertile men from normal individuals. The comparisons were made in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy and error to determine the suitability of the statistical methods. The results have shown that QDA outperforms Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes and LDA in classifying the semen samples.
Identification of synchronous BOLD signal patterns in white matter of primate spinal cord
Authors: Sengupta Anirban , Mishra Arabinda , Wang Feng , Chen Li , Gore John 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Functional MRI studies of the brain have shown that blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals are robustly detectable not only in gray matter (GM) but also in white matter (WM). Here, we report the detection and characteristics of BOLD signals in WM of spinal cord (SC) of squirrel monkeys. Tactile stimulus-evoked BOLD signal changes were detected in the ascending sensory tracts of SC using a General-Linear Model (GLM) as well as Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA of resting state signals identified coherent fluctuations from eight WM hubs which correspond closely with known anatomical locations of SC WM tracts. Resting state analyses showed that the WM hubs exhibited correlated signal fluctuations within and between SC segments in specific patterns that correspond well with the known neurobiological functions of WM tracts in SC. Overall, these findings suggest WM BOLD signals in SC show similar features as GM both at baseline and under stimulus conditions.
Genome‐Wide Association Mapping for searching novel leaf rust seedling resistance loci in Iranian bread wheat germplasm
Authors: Delfan Saba , Bihamta Mohammad Reza , Dadrezaei Seyed Taha , Abbasi Alireza , Alipour Hadi , Imani Jafargholi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Leaf or brown rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt) is a limiting factor for wheat production. Thus, a constant search for new resistance genes or QTLs is essential to improve the resistance durability against the continued evolution of new races of Pt. This study was aimed at exploring potentially novel genes/QTLs resistance to leaf rust in Iranian wheat landraces and cultivars by using association mapping. Using a panel of 320 wheat accessions, genome-wide association study (GWAS) genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) techniques were adopted to map loci associated with resistance to five races of Pt. A total of 17 major marker-trait associations (MTAs) were found on wheat chromosomes that were significantly linked with seedling resistance to Pt. Three markers including rs12954, rs15705, and rs42447 were detected as novel loci for resistance to PKTTS race. Our findings presented new and putative resources of leaf rust resistance in Iranian bread wheat accessions. The new identified SNPs will be valuable to expand the set of resistance genes available to control this serious disease.
Artificial neural network for predicting the performance of waste polypropylene plastic-derived carbon nanotubes
Authors: Modekwe Helen Uchenna , Akintola Ayooluwa Tomiwa , Ayeleru Olusola Olaitan , Mamo Messai Adenew , Daramola Michael Olawale , Moothi Kapil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) model [function fitting neural network (FITNET)] was developed to describe the yield and quality of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) deposited over NiMo/CaTiO3 catalyst using waste polypropylene plastics as cheap hydrocarbon feedstock using a single-stage chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique. Experimental dataset was developed using user-specific design with four numeric factors (input variable): synthesis temperature, furnace heating rate, residence time and carrier gas (nitrogen) flow rate to control the performance (yield and quality) of produced CNTs. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was utilized in training, validating, and testing the experimental dataset. The predicted model gave considerable coefficient (R) value close to 1. The presented model would be of remarkable benefit to successfully describe and predict the performance of PP-derived CNTs and show how the predictive variables could affect the response variables (quality and yield) of CNTs.
A Validation Study of the Arabic Full and Short Versions of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Zayed Kashef , Omara Ehab , Al-Shamli Ali , Al-Rawahi Nasser , Al-Haramleh Ahmad , Al-Attiyah Asma Abdulla , Al-Hadabi Badriya , Al-Yarobi Ali , Al-Busafi Majid , Al-Jadidi Khalifa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) and the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) and to evaluate the metric properties of both versions by using a sample of undergraduate students from three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.
Methods
Six hundred ninety undergraduate students (340 M and 350 F; mean age = 21.16 ± 2.44) from three GCC countries, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia (NOM = 238, NQA = 215, NSA = 237), voluntarily participated in the study. All of them responded to the WEMWBS, BPNSFS, and Beck Depression Inventory-II.
Results
The translated Arabic versions of the WEMWBS and SWEMWBS showed good reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.867 and 0.772, respectively. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis asserted the one-factor solution to interpret the item variances of the 14-item WEMWBS and 7-item SWEMWBS. The WEMWBS and SWEMWBS also showed significant relationships with need satisfaction, need frustration, and depression. Moreover, the SWEMWBS showed partial scalar invariance across genders and countries, while the WEMWBS showed only partial metric invariance across the three countries and partial scalar invariance across genders.
Conclusions
We conclude that the two versions of the WEMWBS are appropriate for use in assessing mental well-being among Arab undergraduates. We highly recommend the use of the WEMWBS and SWEMWBS to assess mental well-being among a similar targeted population. Further evaluative studies are encouraged to examine the validity of the two Arabic versions of the WEMWBS involving clinical and nonclinical populations in Arab countries.
Diffuse deformation explains the magnitude-dependent coseismic shallow slip deficit
Authors: Antoine Solene , Klinger Yann , Wang Kang , Bürgmann Roland 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Continental earthquakes produce both localized deformation on faults and diffuse deformation in the surrounding medium. Diffuse deformation can occur up to ~2 km from the faults, and may accommodate a significant part of the surface displacement associated with the earthquake. However, the origin of the diffuse deformation and its role in the rupture process are still not clearly understood. Here, taking advantage of exceptional datasets for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, we perform a joint inversion of InSAR, GNSS, and high-resolution optical correlation data, and demonstrate that the decrease of coseismic slip toward the ground surface observed in earthquake rupture models, also known as shallow slip deficit (SSD), directly correlates with the occurrence of diffuse deformation at the surface. Thus, adding the localized and the diffuse components of the surface deformation, we show that the amount of surface displacement is consistent with the displacement occurring at depth on the faults. Hence, SSD in earthquake source models should generally be interpreted as a proxy for diffuse deformation, a mode of deformation that cannot be accounted for by elastic earthquake models. Revisiting earthquake source models for 29 continental earthquakes, we show that the amplitude of the inferred SSD is inversely proportional to the square of the earthquake magnitude, and that SSD and diffuse deformation are only significant for medium to small magnitude events.