bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and cause-specific mortality of coyotes in Wisconsin
Authors: Margenau Lydia L S , Russell Robin E , Hanrahan Alexander T , Roberts Nathan M , Price Tack Jennifer L , Storm Daniel J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding the drivers of population dynamics informs management actions and assures the public that harvest activities are not detrimental to the long-term stability of wildlife populations. We examined the survival and cause-specific mortality of 66 adult coyotes (34 males, 32 females) using GPS radiotelemetry in southwestern Wisconsin during October 2016 to March 2020. We paired our study with a literature review of coyote survival and mortality across the United States and Canada, focusing on the geographical distribution of studies, demographic aspects of survival, and the level of exploitation by humans on coyote populations. In Wisconsin, annual survival did not differ between sexes or across years but did vary among seasons and social statuses. The relative risk for a coyote dying was higher during the winter compared to the summer. A transient coyote had a higher relative risk of mortality compared to a resident coyote. Mean annual survival probability (sexes combined) was higher for a year-long resident compared to a year-long transient. The predominant sources of known mortality (n = 37) were harvest (83.8%) and vehicle collisions (13.5%). For our literature review, we identified 56 studies estimating coyote survival or mortality from 1971 to 2021 spanning the geographic range of coyotes. We found no distinct temporal or regional patterns in survival probability or the proportion of human-induced mortality, although fewer studies originated from the northeast region of the United States. Additionally, we detected weak correlation between survival probability and proportion of human-induced mortality, suggesting coyote harvest may be compensatory. Although our findings indicate that the Wisconsin coyote population had relatively higher human-induced mortality than populations in other regions, these mortality rates appear to be sustainable for this population under current landscape and habitat conditions.
Sotrovimab Use in Young Pediatric Patients at High Risk of Progression to Severe COVID-19 Disease
Authors: White Elizabeth , Legg Amy , Bogart Alexandra , Graham Nicolette , Jebreen Faten , Clark Julia E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This retrospective analysis describes the administration of sotrovimab in 32 children (22 aged 12–16 years old; 10 aged 1–11 years old) who were at high risk of deterioration to severe COVID-19 disease. We provide dosing suggestions and demonstrate the feasibility of sotrovimab use in the younger pediatric population (&lt;12 years old and &lt;40 kg).
Lysergic acid diethylamide: In search of the wonder drug
Authors: Avram Mihai , Müller Felix , Borgwardt Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent perception-altering chemical. Since the discovery of its effects almost eighty years ago, LSD has been revered and demonized. Before its ban in the late 1960s, LSD was used to model aspects of psychosis and treat distinct mental disorders such as alcohol addiction and anxiety. The new wave of research on psychedelics as potential treatments for mental disorders has revived interest in LSD. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that LSD can be administered safely in a clinical context in healthy volunteers and various clinical groups. While research continues, small studies have identified potential therapeutic uses for LSD in tackling anxiety. LSD has a complex mechanism of action, affecting several neurotransmitter systems, but evidence indicates that its perception-altering effects are elicited via agonism at the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2A). Modern neuroimaging studies have revealed that LSD enhances signal diversity and complexity in the human brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that LSD decreases the resting-state fMRI connectivity within several intrinsic brain networks while simultaneously increasing between-network connectivity, including aspects of thalamocortical connectivity. Recent evidence indicates that moderate to high doses of LSD have no long-lasting negative effects in healthy volunteers when administered in a clinical setting. Moreover, long-lasting positive outcomes have been reported for healthy volunteers. Whether LSD is a potential wonder drug to be used in treating various mental disorders is yet to be determined. Current studies are exploring putative therapeutic effects in several clinical populations, ranging from anxiety disorders and depression to cluster headaches.
The Answer Is Not Always a Medicine
Authors: Bernstein Carolyn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The chapter “The Answer is Not Always a Medicine” examines the complementary and integrative medicine approach to headache care. Studies from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NHCAM) have demonstrated that many patients are interested in non-drug therapies. Often, they will seek these treatments on their own, with little guidance or protection from non-evidenced treatments. Clinicians treating headache should be familiar with non-pharma options; these may be appropriate in addition to medication, or sometimes alone. Excellent resources exist for locating well-trained practitioners, and there is emerging evidenced-based data to support these therapies.
Looks Like a Stroke, Sounds Like a Stroke, But It’s a . . .
Authors: de Dhaem Olivia Begasse , Bernstein Carolyn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The chapter “Looks like a Stroke, Sounds like a Stroke, But It’s a . . .” presents a case of migraine with aura and discusses diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management. The special considerations of migraine aura are discussed, such as cardiovascular risk factors, the use of estrogen-containing agents, and patent foramen ovale. This chapter discusses headaches that can mimic a stroke, discusses variants, when to be concerned and proper evaluation. There are important issues that are laid out and co-existing risk factors are reviewed as well. This chapter opens the differential for migraine variants and provides helpful details around evaluation and treatment concerns.
My Head Hurts Everyday
Authors: Gautreaux Jessica 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The chapter “My Head Hurts Everyday” covers the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of new daily persistent headache (NDPH). NDPH is a rare primary headache disease, but it is important for clinicians to recognize. It is typified by a nonspecific headache which is continuous and unremitting from onset, the date of which most patients can recall with accuracy. Though the disease may have features that resemble other primary headache disorders such as migraine or tension-type headache, it appears to be a unique primary headache disease separate from these other well-recognized disorders. Unfortunately, NDPH has not been thoroughly studied at present, so little is understood about its pathogenesis and best treatment approaches, making it a notoriously refractory headache disorder.
Recurrent Thunderclap Headache
Authors: Mehla Sandhya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The book chapter “Recurrent Thunderclap Headache” discusses the work-up, differential diagnosis, and treatment of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). Thunderclap headache is an emergency which requires evaluation for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracranial aneurysm. In the absence of SAH and presence of triggers, especially when it is a recurrent thunderclap headache, diagnostic work-up for RCVS is warranted. Computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) are highly sensitive in detecting vasospasm. Common triggers for RCVS include vasoactive pharmacological agents, recreational drugs, postpartum state, and surgical manipulation. Standard of care includes withdrawing triggers, providing supportive care, and monitoring for complications with close follow-ups. Even though it is generally a benign condition with resolution of vasoconstriction in 3–6 months, severe complications like cerebral infarct, or intraparenchymal or convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage can occur. Nearly 50% of patients have residual post-RCVS headache, which commonly has migrainous features, and recurrence rate of RCVS is about 5%. Resumption of vasoactive substances after resolution of vasoconstriction is not recommended.
Basis for the discrimination of supercoil handedness during DNA cleavage by human and bacterial type II topoisomerases
Authors: Jian Jeffrey Y , McCarty Kevin D , Byl Jo Ann W , Guengerich F Peter , Neuman Keir C , Osheroff Neil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo perform double-stranded DNA passage, type II topoisomerases generate a covalent enzyme-cleaved DNA complex (i.e. cleavage complex). Although this complex is a requisite enzyme intermediate, it is also intrinsically dangerous to genomic stability. Consequently, cleavage complexes are the targets for several clinically relevant anticancer and antibacterial drugs. Human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ and bacterial gyrase maintain higher levels of cleavage complexes with negatively supercoiled over positively supercoiled DNA substrates. Conversely, bacterial topoisomerase IV is less able to distinguish DNA supercoil handedness. Despite the importance of supercoil geometry to the activities of type II topoisomerases, the basis for supercoil handedness recognition during DNA cleavage has not been characterized. Based on the results of benchtop and rapid-quench flow kinetics experiments, the forward rate of cleavage is the determining factor of how topoisomerase IIα/IIβ, gyrase and topoisomerase IV distinguish supercoil handedness in the absence or presence of anticancer/antibacterial drugs. In the presence of drugs, this ability can be enhanced by the formation of more stable cleavage complexes with negatively supercoiled DNA. Finally, rates of enzyme-mediated DNA ligation do not contribute to the recognition of DNA supercoil geometry during cleavage. Our results provide greater insight into how type II topoisomerases recognize their DNA substrates.
Making the Case for More Politicians: A Survey Experiment to Investigate Public Attitudes to an Expanded Welsh Parliament
Authors: Griffiths James D , Wyn Jones Richard , Poole Ed Gareth , Larner Jac M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In 2022, the Welsh Government announced plans to increase the size of the Welsh Parliament/Senedd Cymru, a culmination of two decades of elite-level argument over whether more members should parallel the institution’s growing suite of legislative and fiscal powers. While an expanded legislature may improve the Senedd’s capacity to scrutinise the executive, opposition has focused on increased costs that detract from core public spending. Using a novel survey experiment conducted in the 2021 Welsh Election Study, we assess public attitudes and find that support for expanding the Senedd is limited to those with a strong Welsh-only identity and pro-autonomy preferences. Although appeals to holding the executive to account do not broaden this base of support, a framing that the Senedd should be comparable in size to legislatures in Scotland and Northern Ireland does have a positive effect on voters with more median constitutional preferences.
The Chromite Crisis in the Evolution of Continental Magmas and the Initial High δ26Mg Reservoir
Authors: Xiao Yan , Yuan Meng , Su Ben-Xun , Chen Chen , Bai Yang , Ke Shan , Sun Yang , Robinson Paul T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fractional crystallization of Fe–Ti oxides can induce detectable Mg isotopic changes during late-stage basalt differentiation. Because chromite and olivine are early crystallizing phases during basaltic melt differentiation, the effect of chromite crystallization on the fractionation of Mg isotopes during early-stage basalt differentiation is still poorly understood. Here, we examine the possibility of chromite induced Mg isotope fractionation with a Mg isotopic study of chromite–olivine pairs in dunites and chromitites collected from major types of basaltic intrusive rock suites formed by fractional crystallization in different tectonic settings. The chromite δ26Mg (= [(26Mg/24Mg)sample / (26Mg/24Mg)DSM3–1] × 1000) values range from −0.19‰ to 0.30‰ in the Luobusa ophiolite, −0.09‰ to 0.78‰ in the Kızıldağ ophiolite, −0.04 to 0.42‰ in the Gaositai Alaskan-type complex, similar to those previously reported from the Stillwater layered intrusion (−0.05 to 0.84‰; Bai et al., 2021). They are significantly higher than those of coexisting olivine (δ26Mg = −0.48 to −0.10‰). The Δ26MgChr-Ol (= δ26MgChr − δ26MgOl) values in the rock suites investigated here fall largely between equilibrium fractionation lines of spinel–olivine pairs and magnesioferrite–olivine pairs, indicating equilibrium Mg isotopic fractionation. Furthermore, the Δ26MgChr-Ol values increase with decreasing Cr content of chromite in the dunites and chromitites, showing that high 26Mg has a greater affinity to Al-rich chromite than Cr-rich chromite. Fractional crystallization of such isotopically high chromite is expected to progressively lower the Mg isotope values of the in the remaining magma. Furthermore, continental basaltic magmas typically experience early crystallization of olivine and Al-rich chromite. Their δ26Mg values correlate positively with MgO (FeO, Cr,) and CaO/Al2O3 ratios and negatively with total alkali contents (Na2O + K2O). This indicates that detectable Mg isotopic fractionation occurred in intra-continental basalt magmas, probably by fractional crystallization of olivine and chromite. The observed low-δ26Mg intra-continental basalts can be accurately modeled by olivine + chromite fractionation with fractionation factors (Δ26MgChr-Melt) of 0.20‰, 0.60‰, and 1.18‰ as observed in the chromitites investigated during this study. Therefore, the early-stage basaltic melt differentiation involving separation of olivine and chromite may induce resolvable Mg isotopic fractionation, and the δ26Mg values of continental basalts should be used with caution in petrogenetic studies.
The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction: new guidelines hot off the press and directly into guidelines!
Authors: Clark Katherine A A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is well known that the prevalence of heart failure (HF) is high and continues to grow. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, although initially developed as a therapy for type 2 diabetes, have been found to be beneficial in patients with HF, regardless of diabetic status. Given the clinical benefit demonstrated in recent large randomized clinical trials in those with HF, they have been rapidly incorporated into clinical practice and adopted by the national guidelines hot off the press. SGLT2 inhibitors are now recommended for patients with symptomatic HF, with any ejection fraction. These medications are generally very well tolerated by patients, and adverse effects include genital and soft tissue infections, euglycemic ketoacidosis, and volume depletion. SGLT2 inhibitors have now become a pillar of the pharmacologic treatment of HF, thus providers should be familiar with their use for not only those with type 2 diabetes, but also those with HF.
Hidden in the hills: phylogeny of the freshwater mussel genus Alasmidonta (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and description of a new species
Authors: Whelan Nathan V , Johnson Nathan A , Williams Ashantye’ S , Perkins Michael A , Beaver Caitlin E , Mays Jason W 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Inaccurate taxonomy can lead to species in need of conservation being overlooked, which makes revisionary systematics crucially important for imperilled groups. The freshwater mussel genus Alasmidonta is one such group in need of study. Here, we take a multilocus phylogenetic approach to assess species-level taxonomy of Alasmidonta and test monophyly of this genus. Phylogenetic inference resulted in polyphyly of Alasmidonta. Lasmigona, which was included to test monophyly of Alasmidonta, was also polyphyletic. Species delimitation methods disagreed about whether Alasmidonta arcula, Alasmidonta triangulata and Alasmidonta undulata are distinct species, but all delimitation methods agreed that Alasmidonta harbours an undescribed species that would be considered Alasmidonta varicosa under current taxonomy. Given conflict among species delimitation methods and geographical separation, we maintain the current taxonomy for A. arcula and A. triangulata. The undescribed species is restricted to rivers of the Uwharrie Mountains region in North Carolina, USA that flow into the Pee Dee River from the east and can be distinguished morphologically from A. varciosa by higher and wider placed adductor mussels and a hooked pseudocardinal tooth. We offer insights into how supraspecific taxonomy of subtribe Alasmidontina might be resolved and formally describe the lineage from the Uwharrie Mountains region as Uwharrie elktoe, Alasmidonta uwharriensis sp. nov.
Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica in the Lower Extremity
Authors: LaBarge Matthew E. , Shirely Zachary , Rodgers Jennifer , Kuhn Andrew W. , Martus Jeffrey E. , Riccio Anthony I. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Because of the rarity of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH), little is known about the relationship between disease classification and clinical symptoms or patient outcomes. This studies therefore aims to characterize DEH of the lower extremity and correlate radiographic classification to presenting symptomatology and need for surgical intervention.

Methods:
A multi-center, retrospective review of all patients with DEH of the lower extremity over a 47-year period was conducted. Demographic data, presenting complaints, treatments, and symptoms at final follow-up were recorded. Radiographs were reviewed to classify lesions using the Universal Classification System for Osteochondromas (UCSO) and document the presence of solitary or multiple lesions within the involved joint. Correlative statistics were used to determine whether presenting complaints, lesion location or radiographic classification predicted the need for surgery or a pain-free outcome.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients met inclusion criteria with an average age at presentation of 7.8 years. The ankle was the most commonly affected joint with 20/28 patients (71%) having lesions of the talus, distal tibia, or distal fibula. Patients with chief complaints of pain were more likely to undergo surgery than those with complaints of a mass or deformity (P=0.03). Ankle lesions were more likely to be managed operatively than those of the hip or knee (P=0.018) and all 12 patients with talar lesions underwent surgery. Neither the number of lesions nor lesion classification was predictive of surgical intervention or a pain-free outcome after surgery. Patients presenting with pain were more likely to have a pain-free outcome (11/14 patients) after surgery (P=0.023) whereas all patients presenting with deformity who underwent surgery had pain at final follow-up.

Conclusions:
Although no single radiographic characteristic of DEH was predictive of surgical intervention or outcome, painful lesions of the ankle, and lesions of the talus were more likely to be managed operatively. Although surgery does not always result in a pain-free outcome, the operative management of painful lesions was more likely to provide a pain-free outcome than surgery for deformity or a mass.
Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity
Authors: Du Yingjie , Li Yunfeng , Zhao Xiangting , Yao Yishan , Wang Bin , Zhang Liming , Wang Guyan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly comorbid. Psilocybin exerts substantial therapeutic effects on depression by promoting neuroplasticity. Fear extinction is a key process in the mechanism of first-line exposure-based therapies for PTSD. We hypothesized that psilocybin would facilitate fear extinction by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity.

Methods:
First, we assessed the effects of psilocybin on percentage of freezing time in an auditory cued fear conditioning (FC) and fear extinction paradigm in mice. Psilocybin was administered 30 min before extinction training. Fear extinction testing was performed on the first day; fear extinction retrieval and fear renewal were tested on the sixth and seventh days, respectively. Furthermore, we verified the effect of psilocybin on hippocampal neuroplasticity using Golgi staining for the dendritic complexity and spine density, Western blotting for the protein levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and immunofluorescence staining for the numbers of doublecortin (DCX)- and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells.

Results:
A single dose of psilocybin (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the increase in the percentage of freezing time induced by FC at 24 h, 6th day and 7th day after administration. In terms of structural neuroplasticity, psilocybin rescued the decrease in hippocampal dendritic complexity and spine density induced by FC; in terms of neuroplasticity related proteins, psilocybin rescued the decrease in the protein levels of hippocampal BDNF and mTOR induced by FC; in terms of neurogenesis, psilocybin rescued the decrease in the numbers of DCX- and BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus induced by FC.

Conclusions:
A single dose of psilocybin facilitated rapid and sustained fear extinction; this effect might be partially mediated by the promotion of hippocampal neuroplasticity. This study indicates that psilocybin may be a useful adjunct to exposure-based therapies for PTSD and other mental disorders characterized by failure of fear extinction.
Ultrathin Skin Grafting Versus Suction Blister Epidermal Grafting in the Treatment of Resistant Stable Vitiligo: A Self-Controlled Comparative Study
Authors: Ding Xiaolan , Sun Yifang , Wang Fang , Du Juan 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Surgical therapies are effective methods to treat resistant stable vitiligo, with each method having advantages and disadvantages.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of ultrathin skin grafting (UTSG) and suction blister epidermal grafting (SBEG) to treat stable vitiligo.

METHODS
A total of 15 patients with 45 vitiligo patches were recruited. Each vitiligo patch was divided in half; 1 half was treated by UTSG, whereas the other half was treated by SBEG. The patients were followed up monthly for 3 months to assess the repigmentation rate, relative melanin index (RMI), and relative erythema index (REI) at different timepoints.

RESULTS
Excellent repigmentation was observed in 97.8% of patches that underwent UTSG and 93.3% that underwent SBEG. The RMI and REI at 1, 2, and 3 months after the grafting procedure did not significantly differ between the 2 methods. At the recipient site, incomplete fall-off of the graft occurred in 4.4% of patches that underwent UTSG, whereas a “cobblestone appearance” was observed in 66.7% of patches that underwent SEBG. UTSG caused fewer complications at the donor site than SBEG.

CONCLUSION
Compared with SBEG, UTSG is faster and achieves better cosmetic outcomes at the recipient and donor sites.