bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of abnormal C/EBPβ/α‐Syn signaling pathway through activation of Nrf2 ameliorates Parkinson's disease‐like pathology
Authors: Lin Zefang , Huang Lixuan , Cao Qianqian , Luo Hanyue , Yao Wei , Zhang Ji‐chun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the formation of Lewy bodies (LBs) in the brain. These LBs are primarily composed of α‐Synuclein (α‐Syn), which has aggregated. A recent report proposes that CCAAT/enhancer‐binding proteins β (C/EBPβ) may act as an age‐dependent transcription factor for α‐Syn, thereby initiating PD pathologies by regulating its transcription. Potential therapeutic approaches to address PD could involve targeting the regulation of α‐Syn by C/EBPβ. This study has revealed that Nrf2, also known as nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NFE2L2), suppresses the transcription of C/EBPβ in SH‐SY5Y cells when treated with MPP+. To activate Nrf2, sulforaphane, an Nrf2 activator, was administered. Additionally, C/EBPβ was silenced using C/EBPβ‐DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO). Both approaches successfully reduced abnormal α‐Syn expression in primary neurons treated with MPP+. Furthermore, sustained activation of Nrf2 via its activator or inhibition of C/EBPβ using C/EBPβ‐HDO resulted in a reduction of aberrant α‐Syn expression, thus leading to an improvement in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in mouse models induced by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and those treated with preformed fibrils (PFFs). The data presented in this study illustrate that the activation of Nrf2 may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for PD by inhibiting the abnormal C/EBPβ/α‐Syn signaling pathway.
Can there be a Godly ethnography? Islamic anthropology, epistemic decolonization, and the ethnographic stance
Authors: Moll Yasmin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCan there be a Godly ethnography? This article explores how the epistemic entailments of this question trouble our taken‐for‐granted notions about what decolonizing anthropology demands. Disciplinary decolonization aims at more‐just futures through interrogating Eurocentric ways of knowing and approaching marginalized histories and perspectives as good to think with, not merely about. I argue that far from being a radical challenge, such decolonizing calls are internal to a secular liberal anthropology. The ethical norms they embed take paradigmatic form in the ethnographic stance and its imperative to take difference seriously as a way toward self‐transformation. This stance needs to itself be provincialized as belonging to secular traditions of critical inquiry and their attendant emancipatory politics. By contrast, a Godly ethnography, as put forth in the 1980s call for an “Islamic anthropology” by some Muslim scholars working within a broader Islamization of knowledge movement, is a more radical challenge to the discipline. Here, the study of human differences is oriented neither towards self‐determination nor solidarity but towards divine devotion. Indeed, Islamic anthropology's transcendent telos is difficult to reconcile with the secular ethic of “taking seriously” motivating call for epistemic decolonization. This difficulty necessitates more‐carefully disentangling the question of disciplinary decolonization from political liberation, asking what happens the day after epistemic decolonization.
Perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time: The diagnosis of premature ejaculation among Vietnamese men
Authors: Nguyen Hoai Bac , Nguyen Cao Thang , Pham Minh Quan , Hoang Long , Sansone Andrea , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPremature ejaculation (PE) is a prevalent sexual dysfunction in men that greatly affects their quality of life. In PE, the duration of sexual performance is considered an important aspect. However, a self‐estimated value of intravaginal ejaculation latency time (perceived IELT, PIELT) as a criterion for diagnosis has not been specified.AimThis study aimed to determine the validity and a threshold value for PIELT in PE diagnosis.MethodIn our cross‐sectional study, we recruited 550 men from March 2019 to January 2020 and interviewed them regarding their general demographic characteristics, sexual habits, PIELT and completed a premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) questionnaire. Eventually, a combination of a clinical diagnosis and PEDT score was used, in which those with PEDT ≥ 11 and diagnosed with possible PE were assigned to the final PE(+) group; those with PEDT score ≤ 8 and diagnosed with no PE were included in the final PE(−) group.ResultsMen PE(−) had more frequent sexual intercourse (9.74 ± 5.38 vs. 6.69 ± 5.38 episodes per month, p < 0.001) and had higher marriage rate (72.7% vs. 60.4%, p = 0.002) than PE(+) patients. No significant difference was noted regarding age, smoking habit, age of first sexual experience, and number of sexual partners between the two groups. The mean PIELT of control subjects and PE(+) patients were 11.69 ± 6.83 min and 2.01 ± 1.21 min, respectively. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut‐off value of PIELT of 3.75 min can be used to distinguish PE men (area under the curve = 0.982, sensitivity/specificity = 0.961/0.909), which means that men with a PIELT ≤ 3.5 min is suggestive of PE.ConclusionThe impact of PE is dramatic both from a social and a personal perspective. PE(+) patients married significantly less and have significantly lower sexual activity compared to a PE(‐) population. Furthermore, a PIELT of ≤ 3.5 min predicts PE demonstrating the need to revise its taxonomy and definition.
Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Nie Yuting , Chu Changbiao , Qin Qi , Shen Huixin , Wen Lulu , Tang Yi , Qu Miao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLipid metabolism and oxidative stress are key mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The link between plasma lipid metabolites and oxidative stress in AD patients is poorly understood. This study was to identify markers that distinguish AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from NC, and to reveal potential links between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress. We performed non‐targeted lipid metabolism analysis of plasma from patients with AD, aMCI, and NC using LC–MS/MS. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were assessed. We found significant differences in lipid metabolism between patients with AD and aMCI compared to those in NC. AD severity is associated with lipid metabolites, especially TG (18:0_16:0_18:0) + NH4, TG (18:0_16:0_16:0) + NH4, LPC(16:1e)‐CH3, and PE (20:0_20:4)‐H. SPH (d16:0) + H, SPH (d18:1) + H, and SPH (d18:0) + H were high‐performance markers to distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. The AUC of three SPHs combined to predict AD was 0.990, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.949 and 1, respectively; the AUC of three SPHs combined to predict aMCI was 0.934, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.900, 0.981, respectively. Plasma MDA concentrations were higher in the AD group than in the NC group (p = 0.003), whereas plasma SOD levels were lower in the AD (p < 0.001) and aMCI (p = 0.045) groups than in NC, and GSH‐Px activity were higher in the AD group than in the aMCI group (p = 0.007). In addition, lipid metabolites and oxidative stress are widely associated. In conclusion, this study distinguished serum lipid metabolism in AD, aMCI, and NC subjects, highlighting that the three SPHs can distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. Additionally, AD patients showed elevated oxidative stress, and there are complex interactions between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress.
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 downregulation contributes to neuroprotection mediated by CXC chemokine receptor 4 interactions after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Wu Yu , Zhang Zhuwei , Sun Xiaoou , Wang Jing , Shen Haitao , Sun Xue , Wang Zhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimStromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have a substantial role in neuronal formation, differentiation, remodeling, and maturation and participate in multiple physiological and pathological events. In this study, we investigated the role of SDF‐1/CXCR4 in neural functional injury and neuroprotection after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsWestern blot, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation were used to detect SDF‐1/CXCR4 expression and combination respectively after ICH. TUNEL staining, Lactate dehydrogenase assay, Reactive oxygen species assay, and Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to study neuronal damage; Brain water content to assay brain edema, Neurological scores to assess short‐term neurological deficits. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic intervention of SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling were also used in this study.ResultsICH induced upregulation of SDF‐1/CXCR4 and increased their complex formation, whereas AMD3100 significantly reduced it. The levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β were significantly reduced after AMD3100 treatment. Additionally, AMD3100 treatment can alleviate neurobehavioral dysfunction of ICH rats. Conversely, simultaneous SDF‐1/CXCR4 overexpression induced the opposite effect. Moreover, immunoprecipitation confirmed that SDF‐1/CXCR4 combined to initiate neurodamage effects.ConclusionThis study indicated that inhibition of SDF‐1/CXCR4 complex formation can rescue the inflammatory response and alleviate neurobehavioral dysfunction after ICH. SDF‐1/CXCR4 may have applications as a therapeutic target after ICH.
Primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma in an 18‐year‐old male with pulmonary and brain metastasis: A case report
Authors: Wang Hanlin , Chen Xiu , Zhang Renquan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrimary mediastinal choriocarcinoma, also known as non‐pregnant choriocarcinoma, is a rare malignancy unrelated to pregnancy, with a higher incidence in males. And primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma is mostly associated with organ and lymph node metastasis, with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Here, we report an extremely rare case of the primary anterior mediastinal choriocarcinoma that occurred in an 18‐year‐old man with multiple metastases of the lung and brain.
Clinical outcomes of a prospective randomized comparison of bioreactance monitoring versus pulse‐contour analysis in a stroke‐volume based goal‐directed fluid resuscitation protocol in brain‐dead organ donors
Authors: Marklin Gary F. , Stephens Melissa , Gansner Elyssa , Ewald Gregory , Klinkenberg William Dean , Ahrens Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEighty percent of brain‐dead (BD) organ donors develop hypotension and are frequently hypovolemic. Fluid resuscitation in a BD donor is controversial. We have previously published our 4‐h goal‐directed stroke volume (SV)‐based fluid resuscitation protocol which significantly decreased time on vasopressors and increased transplanting four or more organs. The SV was measured by pulse‐contour analysis (PCA) or an esophageal doppler monitor, both of which are invasive. Thoracic bioreactance (BR) is a non‐invasive portable technology that measures SV but has not been studied in BD donors. We performed a randomized prospective comparative study of BR versus PCA technology in our fluid resuscitation protocol in BD donors. Eighty‐four donors (53.1%) were randomized to BR and 74 donors to PCA (46.8%). The two groups were well matched based on 24 demographic, social, and initial laboratory factors, without any significant differences between them. There was no difference in the intravenous fluid infused over the 4‐h study period [BR 2271 ± 823 vs. PCA 2230 ± 962 mL; p = .77]. There was no difference in the time to wean off vasopressors [BR 108.8 ± 61.8 vs. PCA 150.0 ± 68 min p = .07], nor in the number of donors off vasopressors at the end of the protocol [BR 16 (28.6%) vs. PCA 15 (29.4%); p = .92]. There was no difference in the total number of organs transplanted per donor [BR 3.25 ± 1.77 vs. PCA 3.22 ± 1.75; p = .90], nor in any individual organ transplanted. BR was equivalent to PCA in clinical outcomes and provides a simple, non‐invasive, portable technology to monitor fluid resuscitation in organ donors.
The natural wine phenomenon and the promise of sustainability: Institutionalization or radicalization?
Authors: Alonso González Pablo , Parga‐Dans Eva 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNatural wine is produced with organic grapes without the use of additives. As a social phenomenon, it comprises rural winemakers and urban consumers interconnected by a vibrant global community of distributors, bloggers, experts, and associations. Despite its continuous growth since the early 2000s, the movement has sparked global public interest since the French recognition of the vin méthode nature certification in 2020. Here we delineate the evolution of the natural wine phenomenon from its origins to its current situation. It will be argued that rather than a social movement or an alternative food network, natural wine can be better understood as a food phenomenon exhibiting a sustainable alternative mode of production and consumption that unites a loose coalition of diverse actors. In exploring the constant tensions involved in the ongoing redefinition of natural wine by social actors, we will analyze their different understandings of locality, naturalness, and ethical food production.
Using ADAPT‐ITT framework to tailor evidence‐based interventions for addressing methamphetamine use among methadone patients in Vietnam
Authors: Giang Le Minh , Trang Nguyen Thu , Thuy Dinh Thanh , Nguyen Hoa H. , Diep Nguyen Bich , Van Hoang Thi Hai , Truc Thai Thanh , Reback Cathy J. , Li Michael , Van Dung Do , Shoptaw Steve 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionMethamphetamine use threatens positive treatment outcomes in substance use and HIV, for people with opioid use disorders (POUD) in many countries. This paper describes the adaptation of four evidence‐based interventions (EBI) (motivational interviewing, contingency management, Matrix group model and SMS text messaging) for treating methamphetamine use among POUD receiving methadone maintenance therapy in Vietnam.MethodsFollowing the ADAPT‐ITT (Assessment‐Decision‐Administration‐Production‐Topical experts‐Training‐Testing) framework, we conducted 16 focus group discussions with POUD (n = 25) and providers (n = 22) at four methadone clinics in two largest cities (Hanoi in the North, Ho Chi Minh City in the South) to assess patterns of methamphetamine use and to get feedback on proposed EBIs. The proposed EBIs were properly adapted and used to train providers in two of the four methadone clinics. The revised EBIs were tested over 12 weeks among 42 POUD on methadone who use methamphetamine. Post‐intervention feedback served to fine‐tune the revised EBIs.ResultsInsights about patterns of methamphetamine use suggested that EBIs should focus on different triggers to methamphetamine use among POUD receiving methadone treatment in the two cities. All EBIs should emphasise family‐related topics to build a strong motivation for treatment. Participants suggested when, where and how each EBI should be delivered. Most participants were satisfied with the adapted EBIs. Limited human resources at methadone clinics might hinder implementation of the adapted EBIs.Discussion and ConclusionsWe successfully completed the adaptation of EBIs for POUD who use methamphetamine on methadone in Vietnam. The pilot testing of the adapted EBIs demonstrated feasibility and acceptability.Trial registration: NCT04706624. Registered 13 January 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04706624.
Deep learning in negative small‐bowel capsule endoscopy improves small‐bowel lesion detection and diagnostic yield
Authors: Choi Kyung Seok , Park DoGyeom , Kim Jin Su , Cheung Dae Young , Lee Bo‐In , Cho Young‐Seok , Kim Jin Il , Lee Seungchul , Lee Han Hee 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesAlthough several studies have shown the usefulness of artificial intelligence to identify abnormalities in small‐bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) images, few studies have proven its actual clinical usefulness. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether meaningful findings could be obtained when negative SBCE videos were reanalyzed with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model.MethodsClinical data of patients who received SBCE for suspected small‐bowel bleeding at two academic hospitals between February 2018 and July 2020 were retrospectively collected. All SBCE videos read as negative were reanalyzed with the CNN algorithm developed in our previous study. Meaningful findings such as angioectasias and ulcers were finally decided after reviewing CNN‐selected images by two gastroenterologists.ResultsAmong 202 SBCE videos, 103 (51.0%) were read as negative by humans. Meaningful findings were detected in 63 (61.2%) of these 103 videos after reanalyzing them with the CNN model. There were 79 red spots or angioectasias in 40 videos and 66 erosions or ulcers in 35 videos. After reanalysis, the diagnosis was changed for 10 (10.3%) patients who had initially negative SBCE results. During a mean follow‐up of 16.5 months, rebleeding occurred in 19 (18.4%) patients. The rebleeding rate was 23.6% (13/55) for patients with meaningful findings and 16.1% (5/31) for patients without meaningful findings (P = 0.411).ConclusionOur CNN algorithm detected meaningful findings in negative SBCE videos that were missed by humans. The use of deep CNN for SBCE image reading is expected to compensate for human error.
Relating referential clarity and phonetic clarity in infant‐directed speech
Authors: Beech Caroline , Swingley Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPsycholinguistic research on children's early language environments has revealed many potential challenges for language acquisition. One is that in many cases, referents of linguistic expressions are hard to identify without prior knowledge of the language. Likewise, the speech signal itself varies substantially in clarity, with some productions being very clear, and others being phonetically reduced, even to the point of uninterpretability. In this study, we sought to better characterize the language‐learning environment of American English‐learning toddlers by testing how well phonetic clarity and referential clarity align in infant‐directed speech. Using an existing Human Simulation Paradigm (HSP) corpus with referential transparency measurements and adding new measures of phonetic clarity, we found that the phonetic clarity of words’ first mentions significantly predicted referential clarity (how easy it was to guess the intended referent from visual information alone) at that moment. Thus, when parents’ speech was especially clear, the referential semantics were also clearer. This suggests that young children could use the phonetics of speech to identify globally valuable instances that support better referential hypotheses, by homing in on clearer instances and filtering out less‐clear ones. Such multimodal “gems” offer special opportunities for early word learning.Research Highlights
In parent‐infant interaction, parents’ referential intentions are sometimes clear and sometimes unclear; likewise, parents’ pronunciation is sometimes clear and sometimes quite difficult to understand.
We find that clearer referential instances go along with clearer phonetic instances, more so than expected by chance.
Thus, there are globally valuable instances (“gems”) from which children could learn about words’ pronunciations and words’ meanings at the same time.
Homing in on clear phonetic instances and filtering out less‐clear ones would help children identify these multimodal “gems” during word learning.
Comparison of two composite resin materials for splinting of dental luxation injuries: A double blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Raza Misbah Ali , Khan Javeria Ali , Akhtar Hira , Farooqui Waqas Ahmed , Faraz Hira , Hasan Arshad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground/AimLuxation is a common traumatic dental injury treated with a wire composite (WC) splint. However, bulk‐fill flowable composite and conventional packable composite have not been compared for retaining these splints. Therefore, the objectives of this randomized controlled trial were (1) to compare retention of WC splints, and (2) to compare adhesive point dimension, application and removal time, and effect on tooth mobility between the two WC splints.Materials and MethodsIn this parallel group, non‐inferiority double blind randomized controlled trial, a total of 90 patients, aged 16–50 years participated. They were randomly allocated into two groups, the packable composite group (PC) n = 45 and the bulk‐fill flowable composite group (BF‐FC) n = 45 by lottery method. Following measurements were taken at the splint application appointment. Horizontal tooth mobility measured via Periotest, splint application time, and frontal images of splinted teeth to measure the percentage composite adhesive point area. After 2 weeks, splints were visually inspected for retention, whereas mobility and removal times were also recorded. Statistically, comparisons were made using independent samples sample T‐test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann–Whitney U at p ≤ .05.ResultsA total of 88 patients with 156 luxated teeth completed the trial, as two patients were lost to follow‐up. Two patients in the PC group reported with completely de‐bonded splints while none de‐bonded in the BF‐FC group. Both groups were similar in terms of splint retention (p = .352), reduction of mobility (p = .426), and splint removal times (p = .372). The BF‐FC group performed significantly better in adhesive point dimension percentages (p < .001) and splint application time (p < .001).ConclusionBoth groups were comparable in most parameters of the study. However, for BF‐FC group application time and adhesive point dimension were significantly less.
Analysis of null deletion polymorphism of glutathione S‐transferase theta (GSTT‐1), associated with anti‐GSTT‐1 antibodies development in transplantation
Authors: Muro‐Perez Manuel , González‐Martínez Gema , Martínez‐García Pedro , Legaz Isabel , Zafrilla Pilar , Muro Manuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlutathione S‐transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) is an enzyme involved in phase II biotransformation processes and a member of a multigene family of detoxifying and clearing reactive oxygen species. GSTT1 is polymorphic like other biotransforming enzymes, allowing variability in hepatic conjugation processes. Immunological recognition of the GSTT1 alloantigen, as evidenced by donor‐specific antibodies formation, has previously been observed in recipients lacking GSTT1 protein (called GSTT1−, GSTT*0, null phenotype or homozygous for the GSTT1 deletion) who receive liver or kidney transplants from GSTT1+ donors and is a risk factor for the development of de novo hepatitis following liver transplants from a GSTT1 expressing donor. Antibodies against GSTT1 are demonstrated in patients who are GSTT1 null and received a transplant from a GSTT1+ donor. Understanding the local population frequency of the GSTT1 deletion is of value in understanding the potential clinical risk of developing post‐transplant complications, which can be attributed to the nonexpression of GSTT1. A population of 173 healthy donors of the Murcia Region in Southeast Spain was evaluated for a null allele of GSTT1 (n = 173). DNA was extracted, and GSTT‐1 null allele detection was performed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of the null GSTT1 genotype (nonexpression or deletion of the homozygous polymorphism of the GSTT1 protein) was 17.9% (n = 31 null allele GSTT1/173 total individuals). Our data suggest that the frequency of null GSTT1 mutations in our population in Southeast Spain is 17.9%, lower than in other Caucasoid populations. This would convert our recipient population into more susceptible to nonlocal potential organ donors and less susceptible to local donors. All recipients bearing this GSTT1 deletion homozygous would be without the protein and triggering an alloantigen in the case of transplantation with a donor without deletion.