bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised detection of contrast enhanced highlight landmarks
Authors: Wu Tao , Fan Wenzhuo , Li Shuxian , Li Qingqing , Zhang Jianlin , Li Meihui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the field of landmark detection based on deep learning, most of the research utilise convolutional neural networks to represent landmarks, and rarely adopt Transformer to represent and encode landmarks. Meanwhile, many works focus on modifying the network structure to improve network performance, and there is little research on the distribution of landmarks. In this article,the authors propose an unsupervised model to extract landmarks of objects in images. First, Transformer structure is combined with the convolutional neural network structure to represent and encode the landmarks; next, positive and negative sample pairs between landmarks are constructed, so that the semantically consistent landmarks on the image are pulled closer in the feature space and the semantically inconsistent landmarks are pushed farther in the feature space; then the authors concentrate their attention on the most active points to distinguish the landmarks of an object from the background; finally, based on the new contrastive loss, the network reconstructs the image by the landmarks of the object that are continuously learnt during training. Experiments show that the proposed model achieves better performance than other unsupervised methods on the CelebA, Annotated Facial Landmarks in the Wild, 300W datasets.
A review of bismuth‐based nanoparticles and their applications in radiosensitising and dose enhancement for cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Shahbazi‐Gahrouei Daryoush , Choghazardi Yazdan , Kazemzadeh Arezoo , Naseri Paria , Shahbazi‐Gahrouei Saghar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAbout 50% of cancer patients receive radiation therapy. Despite the therapeutic benefits of this method, the toxicity of radiation in the normal tissues is unavoidable To improve the quality of radiation therapy, in addition to other methods such as IMRT, IGRT, and high radiation dose, nanoparticles have shown excellent potential when ionising radiation is applied to the target volume. Recently, bismuth‐based nanoparticles (BiNPs) have become particularly popular in radiation therapy due to their high atomic numbers (Z), high X‐ray attenuation coefficient, low toxicity, and low cost. Moreover, it is easy to synthesise in a variety of sizes and shapes. This study aimed to review the effects of the bismuth‐based NP and its combination with other compounds, and their potential synergies in radiotherapy, discussed based on their physical, chemical, and biological interactions. Targeted and non‐targeted bismuth‐based NPs used in radiotherapy as radiosensitizers and dose enhancement effects are described. The results reported in the literature were categorised into various groups. Also, this review has highlighted the importance of bismuth‐based NPs in different forms of cancer treatment to find the highest efficiency for applying them as a suitable candidate for various cancer therapy and future clinical applications.
Complementary waveforms for range sidelobe suppression based on a singular value decomposition approach
Authors: Wang Jiahuan , Fan Pingzhi , McLernon Des , Ding Zhiguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile Doppler resilient complementary waveforms (DRCWs) have previously been considered to suppress range sidelobes within a Doppler interval of interest in radar systems, their ability to provide Doppler resilience can be further improved. A new singular value decomposition (SVD)‐based DRCW construction is proposed, in which both transmit pulse trains (made up of complementary pairs) and receive pulse weights are jointly considered. Besides, using the proposed SVD‐based method, a theoretical bound is derived for the range sidelobes within the Doppler interval of interest. Moreover, based on the SVD solutions, a challenging non‐convex optimization problem is formulated and solved to maximise the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) with the constraint of low range sidelobes. It is shown that, compared with existing DRCWs, the proposed SVD‐based DRCW has better Doppler resilience. Further, the new optimised SVD‐based DRCW has a higher SNR while maintaining the same Doppler resilience.
Eine Fallstudie zum kieferorthopädischen
Lückenschluss mittels Alignern unter Berücksichtigung
20-jähriger, klinische Erfahrung und technologischer
Entwicklung
Authors: Drechsler Thomas 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der 50. internationalen kieferorthopädischen Fortbildungstagung
der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kieferorthopädie
zeigte der Autor in einem Übersichtsreferat anhand klinischer
Behandlungen die Entwicklung der Aligner-Orthodontie auf. Demnach konnte sich
seit über 20 Jahren die kieferorthopädische Therapie mittels
seriell hergestellter Miniplastschienen zunehmend mehr als Ergänzung
oder Substitution zu den klassischen, herausnehmbaren Geräten oder
Multibracket-Apparaturen etablieren.Wurde der Indikationsbereich in den ersten Jahren noch als sehr
eingeschränkt und ausschließlich für die Behandlung
erwachsender Patienten angesehen, so eignet sich die Anwendung der digitalen
Aligner-Technik mittlerweile auch zur Therapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen und
ebenso zur Lösung komplexer kieferorthopädischer
Behandlungsaufgaben.Entscheidend ist hierbei aber die unbedingte Einhaltung der
allgemeingültigen, medizinisch- kieferorthopädischen Standards
von der Diagnostik, der Planung bis einschließlich der
persönlichen Behandlungsführung mit den fundierten
Fachkenntnissen des fortgebildeten Fachzahnarztes für
Kieferorthopädie.So sind bei Kenntnis der anatomischen Befunde, unter Berücksichtigung der
biomechanischen Grundlagen, der Eignung des Patienten und der entsprechenden
Expertise des Arztes nicht nur ausgeprägtere dentoalveoläre
Fehlstellungen wie Engstände, sondern auch deutliche vertikale und
sagittale Abweichungen mit Alignern grundsätzlich therapierbar.
Herausfordernd bleibt aber insbesondere die Durchführung
körperlicher, translatorischer Zahnbewegungen zum orthodontischen
Lückenschluss, wie es beim Fehlen von Zähnen indiziert sein
kann.Am Beispiel einer besonderen Lückensituation, die infolge eines Traumas
durch Verlust des mittleren und seitlichen Schneidezahnes bei einen zehn Jahre
alten Jungen entstanden ist, sollen hier die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
der Aligner- Therapie aufgezeigt werden. Besonderer Beachtung gilt hier der
Zahnbewegung über die obere Mittellinie, die in der Literatur bereits
mehrfach beschrieben wurde, bislang aber noch nicht umfassend in der
Aligner-Orthodontie dargestellt wurde.
Ambulante Long/Post-COVID-Versorgung: Analyse
möglicher Barrieren und Wünsche von Betroffenen an die
ärztliche Betreuung
Authors: Reuken Philipp Alexander , Trommer Sabine , Besteher Bianca , Bleidorn Jutta , Finke Kathrin , Lemhöfer Christina , Stallmach Andreas , Giszas Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Persistierende und neu-auftretende Beschwerden nach einer
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion (sog. Long/Post-COVID-Syndrom) stellen eine
große Herausforderung für unser Gesundheitssystem dar. Analysen
zu Bedürfnissen von Betroffenen an die primäre Behandlung und
Versorgungsplanung sind rar, sodass die gezielte Lenkung von
Patientenströmen und letztlich auch die Patientenversorgung deutlich
erschwert ist.
Methoden Die JenUP-Studie (Jenaer Untersuchung zum populations-basierten
Auftreten von Post-COVID-Beschwerden) ist eine fragebogenbasierte Untersuchung
aller Erwachsenen der Stadt Jena, welche zwischen März 2020 und
September 2021 mit einer RT-PCR-bestätigte SARS-CoV-2-Infektion durch
das Gesundheitsamt Jena registriert wurden. Ein Teil dieser Studie
beschäftigt sich mit der ärztlichen Betreuung von Betroffenen
mit prolongierten/persistierenden Symptomen sowie deren subjektiven
Schwierigkeiten im Rahmen dieser Behandlung.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt beantworten 1,008 der 4,209 angeschriebenen Personen
den zugesendeten Fragebogen, wobei 922 (91,5%) über das
Auftreten von mindestens einem Long/Post-COVID-assoziierten Symptom
berichteten. 85,6% dieser Personen (790/922) gaben zudem
detaillierte Auskünfte über Kontakte mit Einrichtungen und
Personen des Gesundheitswesens. Drei von vier Personen (590/790)
stellten sich im Zusammenhang mit ihren Beschwerden hausärztlich vor,
155/790 (19,6%) konsultierten, meist zusätzlich,
Fachspezialist:innen (am häufigsten Internist:innen –
7,1% (55/790). Schwierigkeiten eine subjektiv benötigte
Therapie zu erhalten, wurden von 22,6% (162/718) der Befragten
angegeben. Als Gründe wurden vornehmlich das patientenseitige
Gefühl scheinbar „nicht krank genug zu sein“
(69/162) und ein fehlender Ansprechpartner (65/162)
angeführt. 27% (247/919) aller Probanden mit
Long/Post-COVID-Beschwerden äußerten den Wunsch nach
einem konkreten Ansprechpartner.
Schlussfolgerung Die hausärztliche Betreuung stellt eine zentrale
Säule der ambulanten Versorgung von Long/Post-COVID-Patienten
dar. Zudem sollten gemäß der nationalen S1-Leitlinie
flächendeckende Strukturen zur interdisziplinären Betreuung
aufgebaut werden. Die Analyse wahrgenommener Barrieren bei der
ärztlichen Betreuung und der Wünsche für die Versorgung
stellen einen ersten Schritt zur Verbesserung der ambulanten Versorgung von
Long/Post-COVID-Patienten dar.
Transverse Cervical Artery for Head and Neck Reconstruction with Free Jejunal Flaps: A Retrospective Study of Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Fujisawa Kou , Miyamoto Shimpei , Saito Yuki , Suzuki Sho , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The transverse cervical artery is less commonly used than other external carotid arteries as a recipient vessel. Therefore, we aimed to compare the utility of the transverse cervical artery as a recipient vessel with that of the external carotid artery system for microvascular head and neck reconstruction by quantitative analysis of dynamic-enhanced computed tomography.
Methods Fifty-one consecutive patients who underwent free jejunum transfer following total pharyngolaryngectomy between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Ninety-four pairs of the diameters of the transverse cervical artery, superior thyroid artery, and lingual artery, measured via computed tomography angiography, were analyzed. Operative outcomes were compared between the following groups based on the recipient artery: transverse cervical artery (n = 27), superior thyroid artery (n = 17), and other artery (n = 7) groups.
Results In the analysis of the computed tomography angiography, nine transverse cervical arteries (9.6%) could not be identified. However, the percentage was significantly lower than the percentage of superior thyroid arteries (20.2%) and lingual arteries (18.1%) (p < 0.01). Among the identified vessels, the transverse cervical arteries (2.09 ± 0.41 mm) and the lingual arteries (1.97 ± 0.40 mm) were significantly larger than the superior thyroid arteries (1.70 ± 0.36 mm) in diameter at the commonly used level (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that prior radiation therapy was not an independent factor significantly affecting transverse cervical artery diameter (p = 0.17). Intraoperative anastomotic revision was required in only two cases of the superior thyroid artery.
Conclusion The transverse cervical artery can offer a larger caliber and more reliable candidate than the superior thyroid artery for a recipient artery. More liberal use of the transverse cervical artery may improve the safety of microsurgical head and neck reconstruction.
Primary Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in Above-Knee Amputations in Patients with Unsalvageable Limbs from Limb-Threatening Ischemia or Infection
Authors: Chang Brian L. , Hill Alison L. , Mondshine Joshua , Harbour Patrick W. , Episalla Nicole C. , Attinger Christopher E. , Kleiber Grant M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Amputees frequently suffer from chronic pain in both their residual limbs (RLP) and phantom limbs (PLP) following their amputation. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a nerve transfer technique that has been demonstrated to improve pain secondarily and at time of amputation. The goal of this study is to report on the efficacy of primary TMR at time of above-knee level amputations in the setting of limb-threatening ischemia or infection.
Methods This is a retrospective review of a single-surgeon experience with TMR in patients undergoing through- or above-knee level amputations from January 2018 to June 2021. Patient charts were reviewed for the comorbidities in the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Postoperative notes were assayed for presence and absence of RLP and PLP, overall pain severity, chronic narcotic use, ambulatory status, and complications. A control group of patients undergoing lower limb amputation who did not receive TMR from January 2014 to December 2017 was used for comparison.
Results Forty-one patients with through- or above-knee level amputations and primary TMR were included in this study. The tibial and common peroneal nerves were transferred in all cases to motor branches to the gastrocnemius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris. Fifty-eight patients with through- or above-knee level amputations without TMR were included for comparison. The TMR group had significantly less overall pain (41.5 vs. 67.2%, p = 0.01), RLP (26.8 vs. 44.8%, p = 0.04), and PLP (19.5 vs. 43.1%, p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in complication rates.
Conclusion TMR can safely and effectively be performed at time of a through- and above-knee level amputation and improves pain outcomes.
Synthetic Studies Toward Daphnezomines A and B
Authors: Yang Ming , Dou Chenguang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSynthetic studies toward daphnezomines A and B, members of Daphniphyllum alkaloid group with a rare azaadamantane core structure, are reported. The tricyclic carbon skeleton with two contiguous quaternary carbon centers was synthesized in nine steps from (R)-piperitone. An intramolecular Tsuji–Trost reaction was used as a key reaction for the assembly of the skeleton.
Management of Gout with Individualised Homoeopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Jagadabhi Santosh Kumar , Deshpande Vishal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGout is a metabolic disorder in which deposition of monosodium urate crystals leading to inflammatory joint disease. The metabolic derangement leading to supersaturation of blood and body fluids with the urate ion to the point of crystal formation is responsible for the presentation. Gout with acute arthritis or chronic arthritis is treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, corticosteroids and drugs that lower levels of uric acid in the blood, but these drugs have their impact on different organs of the body. Homoeopathic system of medicine can treat gouty arthritis effectively without any other sequelae. A case of gout in a 52-year-old male patient who presented with severe pain, swelling and tenderness was successfully treated with homoeopathy medicine, Natrum sulph. The medicine prescribed in totality alleviated not only the symptoms of the patient but also lowered the serum uric acid levels to normal.
Pedagogical competencies in minor subjects of Ghanaian pre-service geography teachers and their implications for teacher education
Authors: Mensah Bismark 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the proliferation of research on teacher education, pre-service teachers’ pedagogical preparedness to teach their minor subjects has received little attention in the literature. Therefore, this study assessed Ghanaian pre-service geography teachers’ pedagogical competence in their minor subjects, including political science, economics, social studies, and history. Pedagogical competence was conceptualised using three constructs adapted from the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework: pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and technological pedagogical knowledge. Through a survey, a total of 182 pre-service geography teachers participated in the study. The empirical data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. A one-way MANOVA test was conducted to explore the differences in the pre-service teachers’ pedagogical competencies based on minor subject classifications. The results showed that the pre-service geography teachers had relatively higher pedagogical knowledge in their minor subject than pedagogical content and technological pedagogical knowledge. Minor subject classifications significantly affected pedagogical knowledge, with higher scores reported among the economics minor group. The implications of the findings for teacher education curricula, in addition to the need for pre-service teachers to read pedagogy-related courses in their minor subjects, are discussed.
Two-photon absorption spectrometers for near infrared
Authors: Reyna-Morales Itzel , Garduño-Mejía Jesús , Rocha-Mendoza Israel , Rosete-Aguilar Martha , Qureshi Naser 
Published: May 2023

We present a Silicon-based Charge-Coupled Device (Si-CCD) sensor applied as a cost-effective spectrometer for femtosecond pulse characterization in the Near Infrared region in two different configurations: two-Fourier and Czerny–Turner setups. To test the spectrometer’s performance, a femtosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator with a tuning range between 1100 and 1700 nm and a femtosecond Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier at 1582 nm were employed. The nonlinear spectrometer operation is based on the Two-Photon Absorption effect generated in the Si-CCD sensor. The achieved spectrometer resolution was 0.6 ± 0.1 nm with a threshold peak intensity of 2×106Wcm2. An analysis of the nonlinear response as a function of the wavelength, the response saturation, and the criteria to prevent it are also presented.
Physically consistent testing of large-frequency-band magnetic losses of non-oriented electric steel considering dynamic anisotropy
Authors: Shilyashki Georgi , Pfützner Helmut , Bengtsson Claes , Okubo Tomoyuki 
Published: May 2023

Non-oriented (NO) magnetic steels show gradually increasing relevance over an extended range of frequencies, in particular for electric drives. However, until now, data for corresponding characteristics like losses P are available in very restricted ways. A reason is that loss testers are standardized for technical low frequency (LF) until now. Here we report detailed loss data for three steel types, tested by broad-band single sheet testers that offer tests up to high frequency (HF), for values of f = 10 kHz, for steel samples of 500 × 170 mm2 (or 500 mm). In solving a specific problem of NO steel, very high values of H of magnetic field strength are considered by “True Field Air Flux Compensation.” For rising f, the three steels show strong, non-linear increases in losses P, up to about 100 W/kg. With respect to anisotropy, corresponding factors were defined for rolling direction and transverse direction (TD). The effective “field anisotropy” AH tends to show high values for LF but sinks dramatically for HF due to strong eddy currents. The analogously defined “loss anisotropy” AP is lower a priori. In addition, decreases in HF are less pronounced. The International Electrotechnical Commission-standardized “loss anisotropy factor” is generally lower by more than a factor of two, with values up to 30% for LF that may sink to zero for HF due to eddy current mechanisms that are rather independent from crystalline texture. In conclusion, for high dynamics, the effective anisotropy deviates completely from LF-based texture characteristics. Additional analyses of power functions prove that during a period of magnetization, strong anisotropy exists with respect to alignments of atomic moments, in particular for the TD.
Perspective: Nanophotonic electro-optics enabling THz bandwidths, exceptional modulation and energy efficiencies, and compact device footprints
Authors: Dalton Larry R. , Leuthold Juerg , Robinson Bruce H. , Haffner Christian , Elder Delwin L. , Johnson Lewis E. , Hammond Scott R. , Heni Wolfgang , Hosessbacher Claudia , Baeuerle Benedikt , De Leo Eva , Koch Ueli , Habegger Patrick , Fedoryshyn Yuriy , Moor David , Ma Ping 
Published: May 2023

The growth of integrated photonics has driven the need for efficient, high-bandwidth electrical-to-optical (EO) signal conversion over a broad range of frequencies (MHz–THz), together with efficient, high bandwidth photodetection. Efficient signal conversion is needed for applications including fiber/wireless telecom, data centers, sensing/imaging, metrology/spectroscopy, autonomous vehicle platforms, etc., as well as cryogenic supercomputing/quantum computing. Diverse applications require the ability to function over a wide range of environmental conditions (e.g., temperatures from &lt;4 to &gt;400 K). Active photonic device footprints are being scaled toward nanoscopic dimensions for size compatibility with electronic elements. Nanophotonic devices increase optical and RF field confinement via small feature sizes, increasing field intensities by many orders of magnitude, enabling high-performance Pockels effect materials to be ultimately utilized to their maximum potential (e.g., in-device voltage-length performance ≤0.005 V mm). Organic materials have recently exhibited significant improvements in performance driven by theory-guided design, with realized macroscopic electro-optic activity (r33) exceeding 1000 pm/V at telecom wavelengths. Hybrid organic/semiconductor nanophotonic integration has propelled the development of new organic synthesis, processing, and design methodologies to capture this high performance and has improved understanding of the spatial distribution of the order of poled materials under confinement and the effects of metal/semiconductor-organic interfaces on device performance. Covalent coupling, whether from in situ crosslinking or sequential synthesis, also provides a thermally and photochemically stable alternative to thermoplastic EO polymers. The alternative processing techniques will reduce the attenuation of r33 values observed in silicon organic hybrid and plasmonic organic hybrid devices arising from chromophore-electrode electrostatic interactions and material conductance at poling temperatures. The focus of this perspective is on materials, with an emphasis on the need to consider the interrelationship between hybrid device architectures and materials.
Temperature-dependent Poole–Frenkel transport properties of the SrSnO3/Nb-doped SrTiO3 heterostructure
Authors: Niu R. F. , Wang D. P. , Cui L. Q. , Wang W. T. 
Published: May 2023

All-perovskite oxide heterostructure of SrSnO3/Nb-doped SrTiO3 was fabricated by using the pulsed laser deposition method. Unusual transport properties of the interface between SrSnO3 and Nb-doped SrTiO3 have been investigated at temperatures from 100 to 300 K. A diodelike rectifying behavior has been demonstrated by the temperature-dependent current–voltage (IV) measurements. The forward current showed typical IV characteristics of p–n junctions or Schottky diodes and was perfectly fitted using the thermionic emission model. At the reverse bias, however, the temperature-dependent IV curves developed in the opposite direction, indicating the tunneling effects on the interface. The Poole–Frenkel emission was used to explain this electrical transport mechanism under the reverse voltages.