bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informal settlements and the care of children 0–3 years of age: a qualitative study
Authors: Jegathesan Thivia , Yousafzai Aisha , Mantel Michaela , Sereni Vittorio , Armstrong Robert W. , Minhas Ripudaman Singh 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThere is a rapid increase in urbanization with a high percentage of people living in poverty in urban informal settlements. These families, including single parents, are requiring accessible and affordable childcare. In Mlolongo, an informal settlement in Machakos County in Nairobi metropolitan area, Kenya, childcare centres, referred to as ‘babycares’ are increasing in number. They are being provided by local community members without attention to standards or quality control. The study objective was to understand parents’, caregivers’ and community elders’ experiences and perceptions in terms of the quality of babycares in Mlolongo to inform the design and implementation of improved early childcare services.MethodsUsing a community-based participatory research philosophy, a qualitative study including focus group discussions with parents, community elders and babycare centre employees/owners (referred to as caregivers) was conducted in Mlolongo.ResultsA total of 13 caregivers, 13 parents of children attending babycares, and eight community elders participated in the focus groups. Overall, community elders, parents and caregivers felt that the babycares were not providing an appropriate quality of childcare. The reported issues included lack of training and resources for caregivers, miscommunication between parents and caregivers on expectations and inappropriate child to caregiver ratio.ConclusionThe deficiencies identified by respondents indicate a need for improved quality of affordable childcare to support early child development in these settings. Efforts need to be invested in defining effective models of early childcare that can meet the expectations and needs of parents and caregivers and address the major challenges in childcare quality identified in this study.
Comparison of patellofemoral contact pressure after semi-cylindrical recession trochleoplasty and trochlear block recession in feline cadavers
Authors: Choi Goda , Kang Jinsu , Kim Namsoo , Heo Suyoung 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to compare the changes in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) contact mechanisms of the normal state, trochlear hypoplasia model and after performing trochleoplasty on the hypoplasia model in feline cadavers.MethodsTwenty normal pelvic limbs were acquired from the 10 feline cadavers. First, the PFJ contact mechanisms were measured in normal state, then trochlear hypoplasia models were created using customized trochlear ridge cutting guides. After measuring PFJ contact mechanisms in the trochlear hypoplasia models, they were divided into two groups and performed semi-cylindrical recession trochleoplasty (SCRT) and trochlear block recession (TBR) were performed, respectively. After that, the PFJ contact mechanisms were measured and the values of the 4 groups (normal state, trochlear hypoplasia, SCRT, TBR) were compared.ResultsThe trochlear hypoplasia group showed increased contact pressure and decreased contact areas compared to the normal state group. In the groups that underwent tracheoplasty (SCRT and TBR), PFJ contact mechanisms were recovered similarly to that of the normal state group. The PFJ of the SCRP group was measured similar to that of the normal group than that of the TBR group.DiscussionTracheoplasty can be useful in restoring PFJ contact mechanisms and SCRT can be considered as a good alternative to the conventional methods of trochleoplasty.
Revision of Bryconamericus (Characiformes, Characidae) from Pacific coastal and Amazon River drainages with descriptions of three new species
Authors: Román-Valencia Cesar , Ruiz - C. Raquel I. , Taphorn Donald C. 
Published: August 2023

We report the results of a taxonomic revision of the species of Bryconamericus from the Amazon River Basin of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and the Pacific coastal rivers of Peru. Based on morphological analyses, four valid species are recognized: B. bolivianus Pearson 1924, B. osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen 1942, B. pachacuti Eigenmann 1927 and B. phoenicopterus (Cope 1872). Three new species are described: B. lambayequensis sp. n. from the Cañariaco River, Pacific coast, Peru and two from the Amazon River Basin: B. abalio sp. n. from the Ucayali River drainage, Peru, and B. parapetiensis sp. n. from Itenez/Parapeti, Amazonia, Bolivia. Two species are synonymized and one was recently assigned to another genus: Bryconamericus alfredae is considered a junior synonym of Acrobrycon ipanquianus; Bryconamericus grosvenori is a junior synonym of B. bolivianus. A taxonomic key to these species of Bryconamericus and comments on the conservation status of the Amazonian and Pacific coast freshwater ichthyofauna are also included.
Trikoepitelioma Multipel Familial: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Durry Meilany , Iwisara Anggreiny , Mawu Fera , Gaghana Sthefanie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Trichoepithelioma is a benign tumor of folliculosebaceous-apocrine germ cell origin. There are three clinical variants of trichoepithelioma, as follows: solitary, multiple, and desmoplastic. The clinical features of trichoepithelioma are skin-colored papules up to 0.5 cm in size. with predilection areas on the nose, upper lip, and cheeks. The specific variant of familial multiple trichoepithelioma is inherited in an autosomal-dominant type and usually occurs in childhood and puberty. We reported a 36-year-old woman with complaints of skin-colored papules on the face and neck. There were family members with the same complaint. Histopathological examination showed skin tissue with dermal tumor consisting of basaloid cells arranged in palisade form in the periphery, and several horn-cysts among the cells that indicated a trichoepithelioma. The patient was planned to be treated with topical imiquimod and electric surgery. In conclusion, based on anamnesis, physical examination, and histopathological result, the diagnosis of this case was familial multiple trichoepithelioma.
Keywords: trichoepitelioma; cylindromatosis; skin appendageal tumor; histopathological examination

Abstrak: Trikoepitelioma merupakan suatu tumor asal sel germinal folliculosebaceous-apocrine. Terdapat tiga varian klinis trikoepitelioma yaitu soliter, multipel, dan desmoplastik. Gambaran klinis trikoepitelioma ialah papula sewarna dengan kulit ukuran sampai 0,5 cm dan lokasi predileksi yaitu hidung, bibir atas, dan pipi. Terdapat satu varian spesifik yaitu trikoepitelioma multipel familial yang diwariskan secara dominan autosomal dan biasanya timbul pada masa kanak-kanak dan pubertas. Kami melaporkan seorang perempuan berusia 36 tahun dengan keluhan bintil-bintil sewarna kulit, multipel pada area wajah dan leher. Di dalam keluarga pasien terdapat anggota keluarga dengan keluhan yang sama. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologik mendapatkan jaringan kulit dengan tumor pada dermis yang terdiri dari sel-sel basaloid, bagian tepi tersusun palisade, dan di antaranya tampak beberapa horn-cyst yang menunjukkan suatu trikoepitelioma. Pasien ini direncanakan diberikan terapi dengan imiquimod topical dan bedah listrik. Simpulan kasus ini ialah suatu trikoepitelioma multipel familial yang ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan histopatologik.
Kata kunci: trikoepitelioma; cylindromatosis; skin appendageal tumor; pemeriksaan histopatologik
ﺍﻫﺗﺯﺍﺯ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻧﻅﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﺙ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻛﺭﻳﻡ ﺧﻠﻑ  
Published: August 2023

ﺸــﻐﻝ اﻟرﺼــﺎﻓﻲ ﻓــﻲ ﻋﺼــرﻩ وﻤﺎﺒﻌــدﻩ. وﻛــﺎن ﻤدرﺴــﺔ ﺘﺠﻠــﻰ ﻓﻴﻬــﺎ اﻟﻛﺜﻴــر ﻤــن
اﻟﻤﺒـﺎدئ واﻵ ارء اﻟﺼـﺎﻟﺤﺔ واﻟطﺎﻟﺤـﺔ وﻤﺠﻤوﻋـﺔ ﻤـن اﻟﻤواﻗـف اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀـﺔ واﻟﺤﺴـﻨﺔ وﻤـﻊ
ﻫـذا ﻓﻬـو ﻋﻠـم ﻤـن أﻋـﻼم اﻟﺸـﻌر اﻟﻌ ارﻗـﻲ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌﺼـر اﻟﺤـدﻴث. وﺠواﻨـب ﺸـﻌرﻩ وﺤﻴﺎﺘـﻪ
ظﻠت ﻟﻌﻘود طوﻴﻠﺔ ﻤوﻀـوﻋﺎً ﻟد ارﺴـﺎت وأطـﺎرﻴﺢ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴـﺔ ﻛﺜﻴـرة وﻛﺘـب ﻋـن ﺸـﻌرﻩ اﻟﻛﺜﻴـر
اﻟﻛﺜﻴر ﻤن اﻟﺒﺤوث وﻟﻛن ﻤﻊ ﻫذا ﻴﺒﻘﻰ دﻴواﻨـﻪ ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺎً ﺜـ اًر ﻟد ارﺴـﺎت ﻻﺘﻨﺘﻬـﻲ ﻟﺴـﺒب وﺠﻴـﻪ
وﻫـﻲ ان اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت اﻷدﺒﻴـﺔ ﻻﻴﻤﻛـن ﺤﺼـرﻫﺎ وﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﻬـﺎ أو اﻟﻘـوﻝ ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎﺌﻬـﺎ ﻫﻨـﺎ أو ﻫﻨـﺎك
ﻓﻛﻝ ﻴﻨظر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤوﻀوع اﻟذي ﻴﺒﺤﺜﻪ ﻤن وﺠﻬﺔ ﻨظر ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺒوﻝ واﻟـرﻓض وﻫـذا
ﻤﺎﻴﻤﻴز اﻟد ارﺴﺎت اﻷدﺒﻴﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺼـرﻓﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻗـد ﻴﺴـﺘﻨﻔذ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ اﻻﺒـداع ﻋﻨـد اﻟﺒﻠـوغ

ﻟدرﺠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌض ﻤوﻀوﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ.
وﻤــن ﻤوﻀــوﻋﺎت ﺸــﻌر اﻟرﺼــﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺘــﻲ ﻋﻨــﻲ ﺒﻬــﺎ اﻟﺒــﺎﺤﺜون ﻤوﻀــوع (اﻟﻌﻠــم
واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم) وﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﻔردات ﻨﺎﻟـت أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﺨﺎﺼـﺔ ﻟـدى اﻟﺸـﺎﻋر وﻛﺎﻨـت ﻤﺤـو اًر ﻤـن اﻟﻤﺤـﺎور
اﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ دار ﺸـﻌرﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ. وﻨﺤـن إذ ﻨدرﺴـﻬﺎ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻻﻨدرﺴـﻬﺎ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ اﻟ ازوﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ
ﺒﺤﺜﻬﺎ اﻟﻛﺜﻴر ﻤن اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴن أي ﻀﻤن إطﺎر اﻟﺸﻌر اﻹﺼﻼﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﺸـﺎﻋر ٕواﻨﻤـﺎ ﻨ ارﻫـﺎ ﻤـن
ﺨـﻼﻝ وﺠﻬـﺔ ﻨظـر ﺠدﻴـدة. ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻨظـرة ﺘﻨطﻠـق ﻤـن ﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻝ ﻫـذا اﻟﻨـوع ﻤـن اﻟﺸـﻌر ﻋـن
اﻟﺸـﺎﻋر ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ رؤﻴﺘـﻪ ﻟﻠـدﻴن واﻟﺘـ ارث أو ﺒﻌﺒـﺎرة أﺨـرى أﺜـر اﻟـدﻴن واﻟﺘـ ارث ﻓـﻲ رؤﻴـﺔ

اﻟرﺼﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻠم واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم.
وﻤـن ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻻﺒـد ﻟﻨـﺎ ﻤـن اﺴـﺘﺨ ارج ﺸـﻌر اﻟﺸـﺎﻋر ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ دﻴواﻨـﻪ اﻟﻀـﺨم
واﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠـق ﺒﻤوﻀـوع اﻟﻌﻠـم واﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم وﺒﻴـﺎن ﺘـﺄﺜﻴر رؤﻴـﺔ اﻟرﺼـﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻬـذﻩ اﻟـدﻋوة ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ
ﺘﺠﺎذﺒﻬــﺎ أو ﺘﻨﺎﻓرﻫــﺎ ﻤــﻊ ﻤوﻀــوﻋﻲ اﻟــدﻴن واﻟﺘــ ارث. وﻤــن ﻫﻨــﺎ ﻓﻘــد ﺸــﻐﻝ اﻟﺒﺤــث ﻋــدة
ﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺯﻣﺑﺎﺑﻭﻳﺔ ۱۹۸۰ ­۱۹٦٦
Authors: ﻋﻔﺭﺍء ﻋﻁﺎ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻡ  
Published: August 2023

ﻓــﻲ أواﺌــﻝ اﻟﺴــﺘﻴﻨﺎت وﻗﻔــت اﻨظﻤــﺔ اﻟﻤﺴــﺘوطﻨﻴن اﻟﺒــﻴض اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒــﺔ ﺒوﺠــﻪ إﻗﺘ ارﺤــﺎت
ﻛﺎﻨـت ﺒرﻴطﺎﻨﻴـﺎ ﺘطرﺤﻬـﺎ ﻷﻋطـﺎء ﺤـق اﻟﺤﻛـم ﻟﻸﻏﻠﺒﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ رودﻴﺴـﻴﺎ اﻟﺠﻨوﺒﻴـﺔ (ﺴـﻤﻴت
رودﻴﺴـﻴﺎ ﺴـﻤن ﻗﺒـﻝ ﻨظـﺎم أﻴـﺎن ﺴـﻤث اﻟـذي اﻋﻠـن أﺴـﺘﻘﻼﻝ زﻴﻤﺒـﺎﺒوي ﻏﻴـر اﻟﻘـﺎﻨوﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ
١١ ﺘﺸرﻴن اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺴﻨﺔ ١٩٦٥ ﺘﺤت ﺤﻛم اﻷﻗﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻀـﺎء واﻻﻨﻔﺼـﺎﻝ ﻋـن ﺤﻛـم اﻟﺘـﺎج

اﻟﺒرﻴطﺎﻨﻲ) (١) ٬ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻝ اﻟﺒﻌﻴد.
ﻟﻘد وﻀﻊ اﻟزﻋﻤﺎء اﻟوطﻨﻴون اﻷﻓﺎرﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠك اﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ ﺜﻘﺘﻬم ﻓـﻲ ﻨواﻴـﺎ ﺒرﻴطﻨﻴـﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠـﻲ
ﻋـن اﻻﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎر ٬ ﻟﻛـن اﻟﺜﻘـﺔ ﻟـم ﺘﻛـن ﻓـﻲ ﻤوﻗﻌﻬـﺎ. إذ ﻛﺎﻨـت ﺒرﻴطﺎﻨﻴـﺎ ﺴـﻠطﺔ اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻌﻤرة
اﻷﺴـﻤﻴﺔ ٬ واﻨﻬـﺎ وأن ﻛﺎﻨـت ﻗـد ﻤﻨﺤـت اﻟﻤﺴـﺘوطﻨﻴن اﻟﺤﻛـم اﻟـذاﺘﻲ اﻟـداﺨﻠﻲ ﻋـﺎم ١٩٢٣
ﻓﻘـد أﺤﺘﻔظـت ﺒﺤﻘﻬـﺎ (اﻟـذي ﻟـم ﺘﻤﺎرﺴـﻪ ﻗـط) ﻓـﻲ ﺘﻌـدﻴﻝ او رﻓـض أي ﺘﺸـرﻴﻊ ﻴﻀـﻌﻪ
اﻟﻤﺴــــــــــﺘوطﻨون ٬ ﻟــــــــــذﻟك واﺼــــــــــﻝ اﻟزﻋﻤــــــــــﺎء أﻤﺜــــــــــﺎﻝ ﺠوﺸــــــــــوا ﻨﻛوﻤــــــــــو
٬ (Joshua Nkomo) اﻻﺼــ ارر ﻋﻠــﻰ أﺘﺒــﺎع أﺴــﻠوب اﻻﺤﺘﺠــﺎج اﻟﺴــﻠﻤﻲ وﺸــﺒﻪ
اﻟدﺴـﺘوري ورﻛـزوا ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻗﻨـﺎع اﻻﻤـم اﻟﻤﺘﺤـدة واﻟـدوﻝ اﻟﺼـدﻴﻘﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻓرﻴﻘﻴـﺎ واﻟﺤﻛوﻤـﺎت

اﻻﺨرى ان ﺘﻀﻐط ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒرﻴطﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘدﺨﻝ ﻤﺒﺎﺸرةً ﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﻟزﺒوري. (٢)
ﻟﻘـــد ﻛـــﺎن ﻨﻛوﻤـــو ٬ وﻫـــو ﻋﺎﻤـــﻝ ﺴـــﺎﺒق ﻟـــﻪ ﻋﻼﻗـــﺎت اﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـــﺔ وﻨﻘـــﺎﺒﻲ وواﻋـــظ
ﺒروﺘﺴـﺘﺎﻨﺘﻲ ٬ زﻋـﻴم اﻟﺤرﻛـﺔ اﻟوطﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟزﻤﺒﺎﺒوﻴـﺔ ﺤﺘـﻰ ﻋـﺎم ١٩٦٣ ﺒـﻼ ﻤﻨـﺎزع ٬ وﻋﻨـدﻤﺎ

(١) ﺒطرس ﺒطرس ﻏـﺎﻟﻲ ٬ اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺎت اﻟدوﻟﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ إطـﺎر ﻤﻨظﻤـﺔ اﻟوﺤـدة اﻻﻓرﻴﻘﻴـﺔ ٬ اﻟﻘـﺎﻫرة ٬١٩٧٤ ٬
ص .٣٩٨

(٢) ﻋﻠـﻲ أي ﻓروﻋـﻲ وﻤﺎﻴﻛـﻝ ﺘﺎﻴـدي ٬ اﻟﻘوﻤﻴـﺔ واﻟـدوﻝ اﻟﺠدﻴـدة ﻓـﻲ اﻓرﻴﻘﻴـﺎ ٬ ﺘرﺠﻤـﺔ ﺸـﺎﻛر ﻨﺼـﻴف ٬
ج ٬١ ﺒﻐداد ٬١٩٩٠ ٬ ص .٣٢٩
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺗﺎﻧﻳﻭﻡ TiO 2 ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺿﺭﺓ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺳﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ
Authors: ﺻﺑﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻳﻭﻱ ﺿﺑﻊ  
Published: August 2023

ُﺤﻀرت أﻏﺸـﻴﺔ اوﻛﺴـﻴد اﻟﺘﻴﺘـﺎﻨﻴوم TiO 2 اﻟرﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﺒطرﻴﻘـﺔ اﻟﺘرﺴـﻴب اﻟﻛﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺌﻲ اﻟﺤـ ارري
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗواﻋد ﻤن زﺠﺎج اﻟﺒوروﺴﻠﻴﻛﺎت ﻋﻨد درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة .( 420 o C ) اظﻬرت ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻨﻤـط ﺤﻴـود

اﻻﺸﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ان اﻻﻏﺸﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻀرة ذات ﺘرﻛﻴب ﻤﺘﻌدد اﻟﺘﺒﻠور.
اﺸــﺘﻤﻠت اﻟد ارﺴــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺘﺴــﺠﻴﻝ طﻴﻔــﻲ اﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺼــﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺎذﻴــﺔ ﻻﺴــﻤﺎك ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻤــن
اﻷﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﻋﻨد ﻤدى اﻻطواﻝ اﻟﻤوﺠﻴﺔ ( 300-900 ) nm وﺤﺴﺎب ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻝ اﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎص وﻓﺠوة
اﻟطﺎﻗـﺔﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻻﻨﺘﻘـﺎﻻت. وﻗـد اظﻬـرت اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺘـﺎﺜﻴر ﺘﻐﻴـر ﺴـﻤك اﻟﻐﺸـﺎء ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻻﻨﺘﻘـﺎﻻت
اﻻﻟﻛﺘروﻨﻴـﺔ وﻤﻌﺎﻤـﻝ اﻻﻤﺘﺼـﺎص. وﻛـذﻟك اﻤﻛﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺤـدوث اﻨﺘﻘـﺎﻻت اﻟﻛﺘروﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـرة وﻏﻴـر

ﻤﺒﺎﺸرة.
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﺩﻳﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﻳﺔ SnO 2 ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻭﺏ ﺑـ ( Ag 2 O ) ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺿﺭﺓ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺳﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺁﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﻣﺩ ﺧﻠﻑ  
Published: August 2023

ﺤﻀـرت أﻏﺸـﻴﺔ SnO 2 وأﻏﺸـﻴﺔ SnO 2 اﻟﻤﺸـوﺒﺔ ﺒــ Ag 2 O اﻟرﻗﻴﻘـﺔ وﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـب

اﻟوزﻨﻴـﺔ (%٥ ٬%٣) ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨدام طرﻴﻘـﺔ اﻟﺘرﺴـﻴب اﻟﻛﻴﻤﻴــﺎﺌﻲ اﻟﺤـ ارري ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗواﻋـد ﻤــن

زﺠﺎج اﻟﺒوروﺴﻠﻴﻛﺎت ﻋﻨد درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة .( ٥٠٠ ºC )

ﺘﻤـت د ارﺴـﺔ ﻨﻤـط ﺤﻴـود اﻷﺸـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻏﺸـﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻀـرة وﺒـدرﺠﺎت ﺤـ اررة
ﺘﻠـــدﻴن .( ٥٤٠ ٬ ٥٨٠ ٬ ٦٢٠) ºC إذ أظﻬـــرت ﻨﺘـــﺎﺌﺞ ﺤﻴـــود اﻻﺸـــﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـــﻴﻨﻴﺔ أن

اﻷﻏﺸﻴﺔ ذات ﺘرﻛﻴب ﺒﻠوري ﻤﺘﻌدد اﻟﺘﺒﻠور.
اﺸﺘﻤﻠت اﻟد ارﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴر درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة اﻟﺘﻠدﻴن ﻋﻠﯩﻔﺠوة اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻨوﻋﺔ ﻟﻼﻨﺘﻘﺎﻻت
اﻟﻼﻟﻛﺘروﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸـرة إذ ﺘﺒـﻴن ان زﻴـﺎدة درﺠـﺔ ﺤـ اررة اﻟﺘﻠـدﻴن ﺘﺴـﺒﺒت ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻘﺼـﺎن ﻓﺠـوة

اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻨوﻋﺔ.
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻔﻭﻗﻳﻥ ﻋﻘﻠﻳﺎ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﺃﺣﻼﻡ ﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻫﻠﻲ  
Published: August 2023

أﺸﺎرت ﺒﻌض اﻟد ارﺴﺎت إﻟﻰ وﺠود ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻴن اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ
اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ ﻤﻤـﺎ دﻋـﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼـﻴن ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠــﺎﻝ اﻟﺘﻔـوق اﻟﻌﻘﻠـﻲ اﻟـﻰ اﺴـﺘﺨدام ﻤﺴـﺘوى اﻟﺘﺤﺼــﻴﻝ
اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ اﻷﻛـﺎدﻴﻤﻲ أﺴﺎﺴـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﻌرﻴـف اﻟﻤﺘﻔـوق ﻋﻘﻠﻴـﺎ وﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼـﻪ. وﻴﺴـﺘﻨد ﻫـذا اﻻﺘﺠـﺎﻩ اﻟـﻰ
ﻤﺴﺎﻟﺔ أﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ٬ ﻫﻲ إن ﺘﺤﺼﻴﻝ اﻟﻔـرد ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ واﻟﺤﺎﻀـر ﻤـن أﻛﺜـر اﻟوﺴـﺎﺌﻝ ﺼـدﻗﺎ ﻓـﻲ
اﻟﺘﻨﺒــؤ ﺒﺘﺤﺼــﻴﻠﻪ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻤﺴــﺘﻘﺒﻝ ٬ ﻓﻴــرى "ﺒﺎﺴــو" ( Passow ) إن اﻟﺘﻔــوق ﻫــو اﻟﻘــدرة ﻋﻠــﻰ
اﻻﻤﺘﻴـﺎز ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ ٬ وﻴﺘﻔـق ﻤﻌـﻪ ﻛـﻝ ﻤـن "ﺒﻨﺘﻠـﻲ" ( Bently ) و"ﺴﺘﻨﻛوﻴﺴـت"
.( Stenqusit ) وﻗد ﺤدد "ﺘﻴرﻤﺎن" اﻟﺘﻔـوق ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼـوﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ درﺠـﺎت
أﻋﻠﻰ ﻤن اﻟدرﺠﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺼﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ %٩٠ ﻤن اﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴذ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴن ﺤددﻩ "ﻓوﻛس"ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼوﻝ

ﻋﻠﻰ درﺠﺎت أﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺼﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ %٩٥ ﻤن زﻤﻼﺌﻪ. (ﻤرﺴﻲ ٬١٩٨١ ٬ ص .(٥٢
وﻫﻨﺎك د ارﺴﺎت ﻤﺘﻌددة ﺘﻨﺎوﻟت اﻟﺘﻔوق ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌرض ﺤـدﻴﺜﻬﺎ ﻋـن اﻟﺘﻔـوق
اﻟﻌﻘﻠـﻲ ٬ وﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴﺴـوغ ﺘﻨﺎوﻟﻬـﺎ ﻫـذا اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺠﻤـﻊ ﺒـﻴن اﻟﺘﻔـوق اﻟﻌﻘﻠـﻲ واﻻرﺘﻔـﺎع اﻟﻤﻠﺤـوظ
ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ أو اﻟﺘﻔـوق ﻓﻴـﻪ ٬ إن ﻤﻌﺎﻤـﻝ اﻻرﺘﺒـﺎط ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ ﻋـﺎﻝ ﺠـدا ٬ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴـذ اﻟﻤرﺘﻔـﻊ
اﻟـذﻛﺎء ﻋـﺎدة ﻴﻤﻴـﻝ اﻟـﻰ اﻟﺘﻔـوق ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏﻴـرﻩ ﻤـن اﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴـذ اﻟـذﻴن ﻫـم دوﻨـﻪ ﻓـﻲ
اﻟﻘد ارت اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ. ﻟذﻟك ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﻌـد ﻤؤﺸـ ار ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـذﻛﺎء أو ﻴﻤﻛـن اﻟﻘـوﻝ اﻨـﻪ
ﻤؤﺸر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔوق اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ. وﻟﻛن ﻨﻼﺤظ ﻓﻲ اﻟواﻗـﻊ إن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻋـددا ﻟـﻴس ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﻴـﻝ ﻤـن اﻟطﻠﺒـﺔ
اﻟﻤﺘﻔـوﻗﻴن ﻋﻘﻠﻴـﺎ إﻻ إﻨﻬـم ﻤﻘﺼـرون ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻠﻬم اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ إذ ﻟـﻴس ﻤـن اﻟﻤـدﻫش إن ﻨﺠـد
اﻷداء اﻷﻛـﺎدﻴﻤﻲ ﻟـﺒﻌض اﻟطﻠﺒـﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻔـوﻗﻴن ﻴﺨﺘﻠـف ﻋـن أداﺌﻬـم اﻟـذﻫﻨﻲ ﻓﻘـد ﺘوﺼـﻠت ﺒﻌـض
اﻟد ارﺴــﺎت إﻟــﻰ إن ﻨﺴــﺒﺔ ﺘﺘــ اروح ﺒــﻴن %٢٠-١٠ ﻤــن اﻟطﻠﺒــﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘطﻌــﻴن ﻋــن اﻟد ارﺴــﺔ ﻫــم
ﻤﺘﻔوﻗون ظﻬرت ﻤواﻫﺒﻬم ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻤﺒﻛر ﻤن ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬم (زﺤﻠوق ٬١٩٩٧ ٬ ص (١٦٤ وان أﻛﺜـر
ﻤن %٣٠ ﻤن اﻟﻤﺘﺴرﺒﻴن اﻟذﻴن ﻟم ﻴﻛﻤﻠوا د ارﺴﺘﻬم اﻟﺜﺎﻨوﻴﺔ ٬ ﺘزﻴـد ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ذﻛـﺎﺌﻬم ﻋﻠـﻰ (١٣٥)
وان ﻛﺜﻴـــــــــ ار ﻤـــــــــن اﻟﻤﺘﻔـــــــــوﻗﻴن ﻋﻘﻠﻴـــــــــﺎ ﻛـــــــــﺎﻨوا ﻤـــــــــن اﻟﻤﺘـــــــــﺄﺨرﻴن د ارﺴـــــــــﻴﺎ.
(Webb&Others,1982,p:13-14) . أي إن اﻷداء اﻟﻤدرﺴﻲ ﻟدى اﻟطﻠﺒﺔ ﻗد ﻴﺨﺘﻠـف
ﺩﻻﻻﺕ ﺑﻧﺎء ( ﻓﻌﻝ ) ﻭﺑﻧﺎء (ﻳﻔﻌﻝ ) ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﻡ
Authors: ﺩ. ﺳﻧﺎء ﺣﻣﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﺗﻲ  
Published: August 2023

(ﻓﻌـﻝ) و( ﻴﻔﻌـﻝ) ﻤـن أﺒﻨﻴـﺔ اﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ ٬ واﻟﻔﻌـﻝ رﻛـن ﻤﻬـم ﻓـﻲ ﺒﻨـﺎء
اﻟﺠﻤﻠـﺔ ﻷﻨـﻪ اﻟﻤﺴـﻨد وﻫـو ﻤرﻛـز اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴـق ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠـﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴـﺔ ٬ وﻗـد ﺤظـﻲ اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﺒﺎﻫﺘﻤـﺎم
اﻟﻨﺤـﺎة اﻟﻘـداﻤﻰ (١) ﻏﻴـر أن د ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﻋﻨـد ﺒﻌـض اﻟﻨﺤـﺎة ﻛﺎﻨـت ﻤﺘﺠﻬـﺔ ﻨﺤـو اﻟﻌﻤــﻝ
واﻟﻌﺎﻤﻝ واﻟﻤﻌﻤوﻝ ٬ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﻋﺎﻤﻝ ﻗوي ﻟـﻪ ﺨﺼـﺎﺌص ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌﻤـﻝ أﻤـﺎ ﻋـن دﻻﻻت
اﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﻓﻘد اﻗﺘﺼروا ﻋﻠﻰ دﻻﻟﺘﻴن ﻓﻘط ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌرﻴﻔﻬم ﻟﻪ وﻫﻤﺎ : دﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﺤـدث ودﻻﻟـﺔ اﻟـزﻤن ٬
ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﻫــو ﻤـﺎ دﻝ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺤـدث ﻤﻘﺘــرن ﺒـزﻤن وأطﻠﻘــوا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺒﻨــﺎء (ﻓﻌـﻝ) ﺘﺴــﻤﻴﺔ (اﻟﻔﻌــﻝ
اﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ) وﻤـﺎ اﻟـزﻤن اﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ ﻓـﻲ اﻟواﻗـﻊ ﺴـوى دﻻﻟـﺔ واﺤـدة ﻤـن ﺒـﻴن دﻻﻻت ﻤﺘﻌـددة
ﻴﻘدﻤﻬﺎ ﻫذا اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء ﻓـﻲ اﻟـﻨظم ٬ وأطﻠﻘـوا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺒﻨـﺎء (ﻴﻔﻌـﻝ) ﺘﺴـﻤﻴﺔ (اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ اﻟﻤﻀـﺎرع) وﻫـذﻩ
اﻟﺘﺴــﻤﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗــﺔ ﻟﻬــﺎ ﺒﺄﻴــﺔ دﻻﻟــﺔ ﻤــن دﻻﻻت ﺒﻨــﺎء (ﻴﻔﻌــﻝ) ٕواﻨﻤــﺎ ﺴــﻤﻲ ﻤﻀــﺎرﻋﺎ

ﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺘﻪ اﻷﺴﻤﺎء أي ﻟﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻋ ارب .
"وﻋﻠﻰ ﻫذا ﺠرت اﻟﻛﺘب اﻟﻤدرﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌرﻴف اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ" (٢) وﻴﺒـدو أن اﻟﺴـﺒب
ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤدﻴـد اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﻋﻨـد اﻟﺘﻌرﻴـف ﺒـدﻻﻟﺘﻲ ( اﻟﺤـدث واﻟـزﻤن ) ﻓﻘـط ﻫـو أن اﻟﻨﺤـﺎة درﺴـوا
اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﻤﻨﻔـردا أي ﺨـﺎرج اﻟـﻨظم أو ﺨـﺎرج اﻟﺴـﻴﺎق اﻟـذي ﻴﻛـون ﻓﻴـﻪ ٬ وﻻ ﺘظﻬـر ﻟﻠﻔﻌـﻝ ﻏﻴـر
ﻫﺎﺘﻴن اﻟـدﻻﻟﺘﻴن (اﻟﺤـدث واﺘﺠـﺎﻩ زﻤﻨـﻲ واﺤـد ) ﺨـﺎرج اﻟـﻨظم ٬ وﻟﻛـن ﻋﻨـدﻤﺎ ﻨﻼﺤـظ اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ
داﺨـﻝ اﻟـﻨظم أو داﺨـﻝ اﻟﺴـﻴﺎق اﻟـذي ورد ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺘظﻬـر ﻟﻨـﺎ دﻻﻻت أﺨـرى ﻤﻬﻤـﺔ واﺘﺠﺎﻫـﺎت
زﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﻴرة ﺴﺄذﻛرﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻊ اﻻﺴﺘﺸﻬﺎد ﺒﺂﻴﺎت ﻤن اﻟﻘ ارن اﻟﻛـرﻴم ﻟﺘوﻀـﻴﺢ اﻟـدﻻﻻت

اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻘدﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨظم .
Transforming the Insurance Industry with Blockchain and Smart Contracts: Enhancing Efficiency, Transparency, and Trust
Authors: Bodemer Oliver 
Published: August 2023

<p>This scientific overview explores the application of blockchain technology and smart contracts in the insurance industry. It discusses their impact on various aspects such as claims management, underwriting, policy management, fraud prevention, and emerging trends. The benefits of automation, transparency, and efficiency in claims management are highlighted, along with examples of successful implementation. The potential of blockchain in enhancing underwriting processes and risk assessment through access to trusted data is explained. The advantages of transparent and auditable policy records, policy issuance, and enforcement through smart contracts are discussed. The role of blockchain in combating insurance fraud and its potential to improve trust and transparency are examined. The challenges of scalability, regulation, interoperability, and privacy are addressed, along with strategies for successful adoption. Lastly, the emerging trends of tokenization, parametric insurance, and peer-to-peer insurance are explored, envisioning a transformed insurance landscape driven by blockchain and smart contracts. </p>
التعبير في المنحوتات الخزفية العراقية المعاصرة
Authors: تويج المدرس الدكتور عماد 
Published: August 2023

إن فن الخزف هو من الفنون العريقة التي كانت بمثابة حلقة الوصل مابين الشعوب القديمة بناءً على تأثره مثل باقي الفنون بمستويات متعددة من حيث مظهره الجمالي او موضوعاته ومن ثم طبيعة اللغة المطروحة وشبكة العلاقات والفواصل التي يمكن من خلالها تحليل طبيعة هذا الفن والمراكز المتحكمة فيه، وقد باتت ظاهرة البحث في التعبير الفني في الإعمال الفنية من الأمور المهمة التي يتوجب دراستها، فالبحث يحاول الخروج بالقانون الذي يتحكم في تجسيد المفاهيم المذكورة وتقديمها تشكيلياً، وعندئذ يمكن ان تحدد مسارات الخزف العراقي وهويته.
أنبنى البحث في ضوء ذلك منهجياً على:-
الفصل الاول (الإطار المنهجي) وفيه مشكلة البحث ،الاهمية، وهدفه، وحدوده وتحديد المصطلحات. اما الفصل الثاني والذي تمثل في الاطار النظري والدراسات السابفة، تضمن الاطار النظري العوامل المهيمنة في توليد التعبير وقسم إلى أربعة محاور رئيسية هي الذاتي والموضوعي ، العمل الفني في تركيبه ، المتلقي. والمحور الرابع أختص بالتعبير في الفن التشكيلي ومن ثم الوصول لأهم المؤشرات التي أسفر عنها الإطار النظري..
اما الفصل الثالث: فقد تضمن إجراءات البحث من مجتمع البحث حيث اختار الباحث من مجتمع بحثه المكون من (36) عمل نحتي خزفي عينة قدرها (5) نماذج واعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في تحليلها.
أما الفصل الرابع فتضمن عرضا لأهم النتائج التي توصل اليها الباحث والتي من أهمها تنوع أساليب التعبير الفني واعتماد كل خزاف على عناصر معينة في توليدها، أوصى الباحث بالاهتمام بالقيم التعبيرية ومحاولة أبرازها في الإعمال الخزفية واقترح أجراء دراسة مقارنة في موضوعة التعبير الفني للمنحوتات الخزفية العراقية والمصرية.
The relationship between aeroallergen sensitivity variations and Covid 19 in patients with rhinitis
Authors: Basa Akdoğan Buket , Gültuna Selcan 
Published: August 2023

Objective: There have been studies evaluating the association between AR and COVID-19 infection, but these studies did not evaluate the sensitisation of patients. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of allergen sensitisation on the transmission of viral infections and the progression of the disease.
Material and Methods: Rhinitis patients admitted to the Adult Allergy Outpatient Clinic between April and June 2021 were included in the study. Aeroallergen sensitisation and COVID-19 disease status of the patients were evaluated.
Results: Data were collected from 260 patients. It was determined that 23.8% (n=62) of the patients had COVID-19 and 17.7% (n=11) had COVID-19 pneumonia. This rate was higher than the incidence of COVID-19 in the general population. The rate of COVID-19 infection was significantly higher in patients with pollen allergy compared to other groups (p=0.049). When the COVID-19 transmission periods of the patients were analysed, it was observed that 55% of them were infected between March and September in accordance with the pollen map. Patients taking steroids (INCS or ICS) did not have an increased risk of COVID infection, and concomitant asthma did not pose an increased risk. Having chronic diseases was found to be a risk factor.
Conclusions: This study provides clinical evidence of an increased frequency of infection in AR patients, especially in AR patients with pollen allergy. This result is valuable as it is a data not presented in existing studies. We also think that the risk of COVID-19 increases with pollen exposure. As pollen can suppress antiviral immunity, we recommend that chronic disease groups pay special attention to prevention methods, especially when pollen and respiratory virus seasons overlap.
PENDAMPINGAN ORANG TUA MELALUI TALK TO HEART DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN BINA DIRI ABK BERBASIS KELUARGA
Authors: Oktiningrum Wuli , Muslihasari Adzimatnur 
Published: August 2023

Children with special needs or ABK are children who have different conditions from other children. The differences lie in physical, mental, intelligence, and emotional. So they need special attention and treathment. Even they have much attention for their family, they need to be strong and independent. So, the parents should teach them self development activity. The activity such as eating by their self, toilet activity, showering, and another house work. This is important for their survival, but many parents are unable to accompany them or do not understand how to support them. Thus, the Talk to Heart activity was held for parents of students with special needs. Through service learning methods, it is hoped that they will be able to assist parents of special needs students in developing basic family self-development skills. Because the role of the family is very important for ABK students.
Keywords: children with special needs, self development activity, parents, talk to heart, service learning

ABSTRAK
Anak berkebutuhan khusus atau ABK adalah anak yang memiliki kondisi berbeda dengan anak lainnya. Perbedaannya terletak pada fisik, mental, kecerdasan, dan emosional. Kondisi yang berbeda tersebut menyebabkan ABKmembutuhkan perhatian dan perlakuan khusus. Perhatian keluarga sebagai lingkungan terdekat sangat berperan penting agar ABK kuat dan mandiri. Orang tua harus mengajari mereka kegiatan pengembangan diri. Kegiatan tersebut seperti makan sendiri, aktivitas toilet, mandi, dan pekerjaan rumah lainnya. Hal Ini penting untuk kelangsungan hidup mereka, tetapi banyak orang tua tidak dapat menemani mereka atau tidak mengerti bagaimana mendukung mereka. Dengan demikian, diadakan kegiatan Talk to Heart bagi orang tua siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Kegiatan dengan metode pembelajaran pelayanan ini diharapkan dapat membekali orang tua siswa berkebutuhan khusus dalam mengembangkan keterampilan dasar pengembangan diri keluarga.
Kata Kunci: Anak berkebutuhan khusus, Pengembangan diri, Orang tua, Talk to heart, Pembelajaran pelayanan