bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Seasonality-Adjusted Sequential Test for Vaccine Safety Surveillance
Authors: Shen Rex , Moll Keran , Lu Ying , Tian Lu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Post-market active safety monitoring is important for the timely capture of safety signals associated with exposure to a new vaccine or drug. The group sequential analysis is a common method employed in safety surveillance. Specifically, it compares the post-vaccination incidence of adverse event (AE) in a vaccinated population with a pre-specified reference level by sequentially conducting hypothesis testing during the surveillance. When the number of AEs is “too high”, a safety signal is identified. If the null hypothesis is never rejected, the vaccine is considered safe. Such an approach does not account for either the variation in determining the reference risk from a control population or the seasonality effect. Furthermore, not rejecting the null could be due to a lack of power and cannot always be interpreted as proof of safety. In this paper, we proposed a new group sequential test procedure fully accounting for both seasonality and variation from the historical controls. More importantly, we proposed to construct a confidence interval for the relative AE risk between the exposed and control groups at the end of the study, which can be used to quantify the safety of the vaccine. The proposed method is illustrated via real-data examples on anaphylaxis and examined by extensive simulation studies.
The amygdala–ventral pallidum pathway contributes to a hypodopaminergic state in the ventral tegmental area during protracted abstinence from chronic cocaine
Authors: Salin Adélie , Dugast Emilie , Lardeux Virginie , Solinas Marcello , Belujon Pauline 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeIncubation of craving, the progressive increase in drug seeking over the first weeks of abstinence, is associated with temporal changes during abstinence in the activity of several structures involved in drug‐seeking behaviour. Decreases of dopamine (DA) release and DA neuronal activity (hypodopaminergic state) have been reported in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) during cocaine abstinence, but the mechanisms underlying these neuroadaptations are not well understood. We investigated the potential involvement of a VTA inhibiting circuit (basolateral amygdala [BLA]–ventral pallidum [VP] pathway) in the hypodopaminergic state associated with abstinence from chronic cocaine.Experimental ApproachIn a model of cocaine self‐administration, we performed in vivo electrophysiological recordings of DA VTA neurons and BLA neurons from anaesthetised rats during early and protracted abstinence and evaluated the involvement of the BLA–VP pathway using a pharmacological approach.Key ResultsWe found significant decreases in VTA DA population activity and significant increases in BLA activity after protracted but not after short‐term abstinence from chronic cocaine. The decrease in VTA DA activity was restored by pharmacological inhibition of the activity of either the BLA or the VP, suggesting that these regions exert a negative influence on DA activity.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur study sheds new lights on neuroadaptations occurring during incubation of craving leading to relapse. In particular, we describe the involvement of the BLA–VP pathway in cocaine‐induced decreases of DA activity in the VTA. This study adds important information about the specific brain network dysfunctions underlying hypodopaminergic activity during abstinence.
CircLASP1 silence strengthens the therapeutic effects of MK‐2206 on nasopharyngeal cancer through upregulating miR‐625
Authors: Xu Li‐Na , Liu Si‐Le , Yang Yang , Shu Lu , Sun Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTherapeutic effects of MK‐2206 are largely limited due to the complexity of the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Here, we aimed to investigate whether and how circLASP1 is involved in the therapeutic effects of MK‐2206 on NPC. We showed circLASP1 was increased while miR‐625 was decreased in NPC tissues and cell lines. CircLASP1 silence strengthened the therapeutic effects of MK‐2206 via suppressing NPC cell proliferation and inducing autophagy and apoptosis in vitro. In mechanism analyses, we found that circLASP1 indirectly released AKT by directly binding to miR‐625 in NPC cells, and miR‐625 acted as a tumor suppressor in NPC and activated cell autophagy through inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway. Most importantly, knockdown of circLASP1 was revealed to enhance the therapeutic effects of MK‐2206 on NPC in vivo. Our results suggest that the circLASP1/miR‐625 axis is involved the therapeutic effects of MK‐2206 on NPC by regulating autophagy, proliferation, and apoptosis through the AKT/mTOR pathway. miR‐625 is involved in NPC tumorigenesis.
Omental cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived exosomes with low microRNA‐29c‐3p promote ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Han Qing , Tan Shuran , Gong Lanqing , Li Guoqing , Wu Qiulei , Chen Le , Du Shi , Li Wenhan , Liu Xiaoli , Cai Jing , Wang Zehua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is characterized by frequent widespread peritoneal metastasis. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent a critical stromal component of metastatic niche and promote omentum metastasis in OC patients. However, the role of exosomes derived from omental CAFs in metastasis remains unclear. We isolated exosomes from primary omental normal fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs from OC patients (NF‐Exo and CAF‐Exo, respectively) and assessed their effect on metastasis. In mice bearing orthotopic OC xenografts, CAF‐Exo treatment led to more rapid intraperitoneal tumor dissemination and shorter animal survival. Similar results were observed in mice undergoing intraperitoneal injection of tumor cells. Among the miRNAs downregulated in CAF‐Exo, miR‐29c‐3p in OC tissues was associated with metastasis and survival in patients. Moreover, increasing miR‐29c‐3p in CAF‐Exo significantly weakened the metastasis‐promoting effect of CAF‐Exo. Based on RNA sequencing, expression assays, and luciferase assays, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was identified as a direct target of miR‐29c‐3p. These results verify the significant contribution of exosomes from omental CAFs to OC peritoneal metastasis, which could be partially due to the relief of MMP2 expression inhibition mediated by low exosomal miR‐29c‐3p.
Efficacy of carbon dioxide laser and caustic agent cauterisation for the focal granular myringitis: A randomised trial
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Xiang , Luo Tzu‐Hsuan , Wu Hsing‐Mei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesGranular myringitis (GM) is a troublesome disease with a high incidence of recurrence and relapse. CO2 laser vaporisation and trichloroacetic acid (TAA) have been applied in treating several otological diseases, both with favourable therapeutic efficacy. However, long‐term therapeutic efficacy of both CO2 laser vaporisation and TAA cauterisation against GM has not yet been evaluated. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of CO2 laser vaporisation and TAA cauterisation in GM management.Study DesignProspective and randomised study.ParticipantsA total of 88 GM patients who failed therapy with boric acid, alcohol and glycerin ear drop otic solution between July 2009 and January 2018 were included. Participants were randomly assigned to receive CO2 laser vaporisation (n = 39) or TAA cauterisation (n = 49).Main Outcome MeasuresMain outcomes were treatment success, complications after 4 months of treatment, and recurrence within 4–12 months after treatment.ResultsThe success rate was significantly higher in the CO2 group than in the TAA group (94.9% vs. 77.6%, p = .023). After 4 months of treatment, the GM recurrence rate was comparable between the two groups (13.5% vs. 18.4%, p = .562). The CO2 laser group had one case of perforation and one case of severe vertigo, whereas one participant in the TAA cauterisation group experienced hearing loss.ConclusionBoth TAA cauterisation and CO2 laser vaporisation are safe and effective treatments for GM. The success rate of CO2 laser vaporisation for treating GM is higher than that of TAA cauterisation. Recurrence rates are comparable within 1 year.
A novel and eco‐friendly approach for dyeing polyester fabrics by liquid disperse dyes treated with deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Zheng Manman , Sun Yi , Li Changlong , Lu Yinhui , Dai Yingqi , Wang Zongqian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDisperse dyes do not contain water‐soluble groups and are difficult to dissolve in water, so they cannot be directly formulated into dyeing liquor. In the current dyeing process, the solubility of disperse dyes is mainly improved by adding dispersants. However, dispersants are not absorbed by fibres and survive in the dyeing effluent, aggravating the pollution of water bodies and causing difficulties in treatment. Therefore, the development of a novel, eco‐friendly dyeing approach is important to overcome these problems. Herein, for the purpose of improving the solubility of disperse dyes and reducing the dosage of dispersants, a deep eutectic solvent consisting of choline chloride/ethylene glycol was employed instead of dispersant to dissolve CI Disperse Blue 79 and CI Disperse Red 343, thus forming liquid disperse dyes. The results show that both CI Disperse Blue 79 and CI Disperse Red 343 were well dissolved in choline chloride/ethylene glycol with excellent stability, and the dissolution behaviour was strongly associated with the dissolution temperature and time. Moreover, polyester fabrics can be dyed successfully with liquid disperse dyes, and it was observed that the K/S value and rubbing fastness were evidently improved at the same dyeing temperature with unchanged colour characteristics, and a higher K/S value could still be obtained by lowering the dyeing temperature. This work establishes a green dyeing process, which reduces dyeing costs and meets the demand for environmental protection. It is also expected to realise the liquid state of disperse dyes, which will help to promote the further development of textile dyeing.
Clinical assessment of gepotidacin (GSK2140944) as a victim and perpetrator of drug–drug interactions via CYP3A metabolism and transporters
Authors: Barth Aline , Perry Caroline R. , Shabbir Shaila , Zamek‐Gliszczynski Maciej J. , Thomas Sebin , Dumont Etienne F. , Brimhall Darin B. , Nguyen Dung , Srinivasan Meenakshi , Swift Brandon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGepotidacin is a novel triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic in phase III development. Based on nonclinical in vitro characterization of gepotidacin metabolism, two phase I studies were conducted in healthy participants to investigate clinical drug–drug interactions (DDIs). We assessed gepotidacin as a DDI victim with a potent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitor (itraconazole), potent CYP3A4 inducer (rifampicin), and nonspecific organic cation transporter (OCT)/multidrug and toxic extrusion transporter (MATE) renal transport inhibitor (cimetidine) via single doses of gepotidacin before and after co‐administration with multiple doses of the modulator drugs. Gepotidacin DDI perpetrator potential for P‐gp inhibition (digoxin) and CYP3A4 inhibition (midazolam) was evaluated via single doses of the two‐drug cocktail without and with gepotidacin. The DDI magnitudes were interpreted based on area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC). A weak DDI (AUC increase 48%–50%) was observed for gepotidacin co‐administered with itraconazole. A clinically significant decrease in gepotidacin plasma AUC (52%) was observed with rifampicin coadministration, indicating a moderate DDI. There was no DDI for gepotidacin with cimetidine; a unique biomarker approach showed increased serum creatinine (24%), decreased renal clearance of creatinine (21%), and N1‐methylnicotinamide (39%), which confirmed extensive MATE inhibition and partial OCT2 inhibition. Gepotidacin was not a P‐gp DDI perpetrator, although the maximum plasma concentration of digoxin increased (53%) and is potentially clinically relevant given its narrow therapeutic index. Gepotidacin demonstrated weak CYP3A4 inhibition with midazolam (<2‐fold AUC increase). There were no new safety‐risk profile findings. These results will inform the safe and efficacious clinical use of gepotidacin when co‐administered with other drugs.
An Empirical Moral Philosophy Perspective on Classroom Discussions of Controversial Issues
Authors: Sætra Emil 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, Emil Sætra examines how teachers and students construct and experience aims and goods in classroom discussions of controversial issues. This study is situated within the emerging tradition of empirical ethics, and the research strategy comprised two main steps. First, Sætra used interview data to analyze, via the experiences of teachers and students, the following two empirical questions: (1) What goods normatively constitute educative discussions of controversial issues? (2) How are these goods constructed in time and space? Second, in the concluding discussion, Sætra makes explicit some normative implications of the empirical findings and discusses theses in relation to previous research. In brief, what emerges from the conjoined experiences of teachers and students is the notion that practice comprises multiple aims and drives. Moreover, because aims and drives are multiple, decisions regarding priorities will sometimes have to be made, and teachers may be subject to conflicting expectations. This means that practitioners must be able to make reflective judgments about what comprises acceptable ends, what projects should be undertaken to achieve those ends, and what actions ought to be performed as part of those projects.
Germinable soil seed bank of pasture, revegetation and remnant Cumberland Plain Woodland
Authors: Morris E. Charles 
Published: January 2023

SummaryRevegetation of abandoned pasture by planting tree and shrub species has been undertaken in western Sydney to restore Cumberland Plain Woodland. This study investigated the germinable soil seed bank of pastures, revegetated areas and remnants to assess the potential of the seed bank to contribute to Cumberland Plain Woodland restoration. Soil cores were taken, air dried, sieved and spread out in germination trays. Half of the samples were subjected to a fire treatment, with the other half as controls. The size of the germinable seed bank was 9,400–9,500 m−2 in the pasture and revegetated areas, and 3,000 m−2 in the remnant. Exotics, mainly forbs, dominated the seed bank in pasture and revegetated areas, with more than half the number of species and three quarters the number of seedlings. Numbers of native species and seedlings were half to one quarter of exotics in the pasture and revegetated areas. In remnants, native species outnumbered exotics, but numbers of native and exotic seedlings were approximately equal. Numbers of native shrub species and seedlings were low, and seedlings of one native tree appeared. There was some recruitment of seedlings from planted shrub species in the revegetated area. Only native species (numbers of species; seedling numbers) increased after the burn treatment; numbers of exotic species and seedlings were already high in the control and did not increase further after burning. Species composition was significantly affected by vegetation type, and by fire. The seed banks of the pasture and revegetated areas were very similar to each other, and both were most dissimilar to the remnant. The soil seed bank of the pasture had a heavy burden of exotic weeds, the majority forbs with the seeder fire response, and lacked the propagules of native species. The revegetated area was the same, as the revegetation method used planted only trees and some shrubs and did not address the problems of the weed seed abundance and propagule limitation of natives.
African American, low‐income mothers’ negative emotional reactivity, punishment, and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior
Authors: Scott Justin K. , Simons Cassandra , Harden Brenda Jones 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we examined African American, low‐income mothers’ emotional reactivity and use of punishment in relation to determinants of parenting and children's behavior.BackgroundMore research is needed examining within‐group variation in parenting processes, including discipline, of African American parents. Parents’ negative emotion may have implications for children's behavior independent of punishment as a disciplinary strategy.MethodParticipants were 157 African American, low‐income mothers and their 4‐ to 7‐year‐old children. Mothers responded verbally to a questionnaire and were observed interacting in their natural home environment. Direct and indirect relations were examined from three determinants of parenting (i.e., depression, household disorganization, child difficulty) to negative emotional reactivity, punishment, sensitivity, and children's behavior.ResultsDepressive symptoms, household disorganization, and child difficulty were associated with children's externalizing and internalizing behavior indirectly through negative emotional reactivity. Household disorganization predicted externalizing behavior through verbal punishment. Physical punishment was not related to children's behavior above and beyond negative emotional reactivity.ConclusionThis study supports the proposal that parents’ ability to regulate negative emotional reactivity in stressful contexts may have important implications for parenting and children's development above and beyond punishment.ImplicationsIntervention and preventative parent education programs should consider adding components that help parents with emotion regulation during stressful parenting situations.
Explaining online conspiracy theory radicalization: A second‐order affordance for identity‐driven escalation
Authors: Abdalla Mikhaeil Christine , Baskerville Richard L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFrom #Pizzagate to anti‐vaxxers, passing by 9/11 or Obama ‘birthers’, we have seen many communities growing on social media around conspiracy theories and thereby gaining public prominence. Debunking or presenting alternative views to conspiracy theories often fails because individuals within these communities can grow more resolute, encouraging and reinforcing their beliefs online. Instead of withering in the face of contradiction, such communities hunker down; escalating their commitment to their conspiratorial beliefs. By interacting over social media platforms, they develop a sense of a shared social identity, which in turn fosters escalating behaviours and can lead to radicalization. For some people, the choice of abandoning or moderating these beliefs is unthinkable because they are too deeply invested to quit. This study advances a second‐order affordance for identity‐driven escalation that explains the process of conspiracy theory radicalization within online communities. We offer a theoretical account of the way social media platforms contribute to escalating commitment to conspiracy radicalization. We show how the sequential and combined actualization of first‐order affordances of the technology enables a second‐order affordance for escalation.
Lattice evolution and microwave dielectric properties of La‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet ceramics
Authors: Zhou Moke , Chen Hetuo , He Yi , Zhou Guohong , Zhang Shuren , Tang Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, Y3−xLaxAl5O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) ceramics were synthesized, and the phase composition, lattice evolution, and microwave dielectric properties were investigated in detail. Scanning electron microscopy confirms that the addition of moderate amounts of La2O3 improves the grain development of YAG ceramics, but excessive doping destabilizes the crystal structure. Transmission electron microscopy characterization shows that the variation of the dielectric properties of the samples with x‐value is related to the occurrence of benign dislocation structures caused by modifications in the type and content of the A‐site rare‐earth ions. The variations in relative density, dielectric constant, and quality factor remain basically coordinated. The optimum microwave dielectric properties of La3+ doped YAG samples are exhibited as εr = 10.61, Q × f = 187, 542 GHz, τf = −31.2 ppm/°C when La2O3 is doped at x = 0.015.
Speaking up during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Nurses' experiences of organizational disregard and silence
Authors: Abrams Ruth , Conolly Anna , Rowland Emma , Harris Ruth , Kent Bridie , Kelly Daniel , Couper Keith , Maben Jill 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo critically examine nurses' experiences of speaking up during COVID‐19 and the consequences of doing so.DesignLongitudinal qualitative study.MethodsParticipants were purposively sampled to represent differing geographical locations, specialities, settings and redeployment experiences. They were interviewed (remotely) between July 2020 and April 2022 using a semi‐structured interview topic guide.ResultsThree key themes were identified inductively from our analysis including: (1) Under threat: The ability to speak up or not; (2) Risk tolerance and avoidance: Consequences of speaking up; and (3) Deafness and hostility: Responses to speaking up. Nurses reported that their attempts to speak up typically focused on PPE, patient safety and redeployment. Findings indicate that when NHS Trusts and community services initiated their pandemic response policies, nurses' opportunities to speak up were frequently thwarted.ConclusionAccounts presented in this article include nurses' feeling a sense of futility or of suffering in silence in relation to speaking up. Nurses also fear the consequences of speaking up. Those who did speak up encountered a ‘deaf’ or hostile response, leaving nurses feeling disregarded by their organization. This points to missed opportunities to learn from those on the front line.ImpactSpeaking up interventions need to focus on enhancing the skills to both speak up, and respond appropriately, particularly when power, hierarchy, fear and threat might be concerned.Patient or Public ContributionNurses working clinically during COVID‐19 were involved in the development of this study. Participants were also involved in the development of our interview topic guide and comments obtained from the initial survey helped to shape the study design.