bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying factors that shape whether digital food marketing appeals to children
Authors: Valderrama Camilo E , Olstad Dana Lee , Lee Yun Yun , Lee Joon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:Children are frequently exposed to unhealthy food marketing on digital media. This marketing contains features that often appeal to children, such as cartoons or bold colours. Additional factors can also shape whether marketing appeals to children. In this study, in order to assess the most important predictors of child appeal in digital food marketing, we used machine learning to examine how marketing techniques and children’s socio-demographic characteristics, weight, height, BMI, frequency of screen use and dietary intake influence whether marketing instances appeal to children.Design:We conducted a pilot study with thirty-nine children. Children were divided into thirteen groups, in which they evaluated whether food marketing instances appealed to them. Children’s agreement was measured using Fleiss’ kappa and the S score. Text, labels, objects and logos extracted from the ads were combined with children’s variables to build four machine-learning models to identify the most important predictors of child appeal.Setting:Households in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.Participants:39 children aged 6–12 years.Results:Agreement between children was low. The models indicated that the most important predictors of child appeal were the text and logos embedded in the food marketing instances. Other important predictors included children’s consumption of vegetables and soda, sex and weekly hours of television.Conclusions:Text and logos embedded in the food marketing instances were the most important predictors of child appeal. The low agreement among children shows that the extent to which different marketing strategies appeal to children varies.
Environmental Controls of Size Distribution of Modern Planktonic Foraminifera in the Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Adebayo Michael B. , Bolton Clara T. , Marchant Ross , Bassinot Franck , Conrod Sandrine , de Garidel‐Thoron Thibault 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPaleoceanographic studies often rely on abundance changes in microfossil species, with little consideration for characteristics such as organism size, which may also be related to environmental changes. Using a tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) core‐top data set, we test the Optimum size‐hypothesis (OSH), investigating whether relative abundance or environmental variables are better descriptors of planktonic foraminifera species' optimum conditions. We also investigate the environmental drivers of whole‐assemblage planktonic foraminiferal test size variation in the TIO. We use an automated imaging and sorting system (MiSo) to identify planktonic foraminiferal species, analyze their morphology, and quantify fragmentation rate using machine learning techniques. Machine model accuracy is confirmed by comparison with human classifiers (97% accuracy). Data for 33 environmental parameters were extracted from modern databases and, through exploratory factor analysis and regression models, we explore relationships between planktonic foraminiferal size and oceanographic parameters in the TIO. Results show that the size frequency distribution of most planktonic foraminifera species is unimodal, with some larger species showing multimodal distributions. Assemblage size95/5 (95th percentile size) increases with increasing species diversity, and this is attributed to vertical niche separation induced by thermal stratification. Our test for the OSH reveals that relative abundance is not a good predictor of species' optima and within‐species size95/5 response to environmental parameters is species‐specific, with parameters related to carbonate ion concentration, temperature, and salinity being primary drivers. At the species and assemblage levels, our analyses indicate that carbonate ion concentration and temperature play important roles in determining size trends in TIO planktonic foraminifera.
The Effect of Zooplankton on the Distributions of Dimethyl Sulfide and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the Bohai and Yellow Seas
Authors: Yu Juan , Wang Su , Lai Jing‐Guang , Tian Ji‐Yuan , Zhang Hao‐Quan , Yang Gui‐Peng , Chen Rong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) are ubiquitous sulfur compounds in the ocean. DMS is emitted into the atmosphere and has potential climatic effects. The distributions of DMS and DMSP are affected by various biological factors (i.e., bacterial catabolism and phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition). The horizontal and vertical distributions of DMSP, DMSP lyase activity (DLA), DMS, and the abundances of bacteria, DMSP‐consuming bacteria, dimethyl sulfoxide‐consuming bacteria, and picophytoplankton were investigated in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) during autumn 2020. DLA was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a, DMS, and dissolved DMSP concentrations. Our data show that bacteria Clade_I SAR11 was a significant contributor to DLA. A dilution experiment indicated that the highest microzooplankton grazing rate coincided with the highest DMS concentration and DMS production rate. A proportion of 16%–62% of the DMSPt was converted to DMS in the dilution experiment. Copepods dominated the mesozooplankton community. Calanus sinicus was the predominant copepod in the BS and YS. C. sinicus grazing stimulated DMS production. DMS concentration increased 299% after C. sinicus grazing on physically broken algal cells for 48 hr. These results will help with a better understanding of the control of DMS and DMSP concentrations by zooplankton and the DMS release mechanisms that occur through zooplankton grazing.
Integrating planar photonics for multi-beam generation and atomic clock packaging on chip
Authors: Ropp Chad , Zhu Wenqi , Yulaev Alexander , Westly Daron , Simelgor Gregory , Rakholia Akash , Lunden William , Sheredy Dan , Boyd Martin M. , Papp Scott , Agrawal Amit , Aksyuk Vladimir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe commercialization of atomic technologies requires replacing laboratory-scale laser setups with compact and manufacturable optical platforms. Complex arrangements of free-space beams can be generated on chip through a combination of integrated photonics and metasurface optics. In this work, we combine these two technologies using flip-chip bonding and demonstrate an integrated optical architecture for realizing a compact strontium atomic clock. Our planar design includes twelve beams in two co-aligned magneto-optical traps. These beams are directed above the chip to intersect at a central location with diameters as large as 1 cm. Our design also includes two co-propagating beams at lattice and clock wavelengths. These beams emit collinearly and vertically to probe the center of the magneto-optical trap, where they will have diameters of ≈100 µm. With these devices we demonstrate that our integrated photonic platform is scalable to an arbitrary number of beams, each with different wavelengths, geometries, and polarizations.
Detector-grade perovskite single-crystal wafers via stress-free gel-confined solution growth targeting high-resolution ionizing radiation detection
Authors: Song Yilong , Wang Lixiang , Shi Yongqiang , Bi Weihui , Chen Jianwu , Hao Mingwei , Wang Anran , Yang Xueying , Sun Yuan , Yu Fan , Li Liansheng , Fang Yanjun , Yang Deren , Dong Qingfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolution-processed organic‒inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) single crystals (SCs) have demonstrated great potential in ionizing radiation detection due to their outstanding charge transport properties and low-cost preparation. However, the energy resolution (ER) and stability of OIHP detectors still lag far behind those of melt-grown inorganic perovskite and commercial CdZnTe counterparts due to the absence of detector-grade high-quality OIHP SCs. Here, we reveal that the crystallinity and uniformity of OIHP SCs are drastically improved by relieving interfacial stress with a facial gel-confined solution growth strategy, thus enabling the direct preparation of large-area detector-grade SC wafers up to 4 cm with drastically suppressed electronic and ionic defects. The resultant radiation detectors show both a small dark current below 1 nA and excellent baseline stability of 4.0 × 10−8 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1, which are rarely realized in OIHP detectors. Consequently, a record high ER of 4.9% at 59.5 keV is achieved under a standard 241Am gamma-ray source with an ultralow operating bias of 5 V, representing the best gamma-ray spectroscopy performance among all solution-processed semiconductor radiation detectors ever reported.
Exploring the nonlinear piezoresistive effect of 4H-SiC and developing MEMS pressure sensors for extreme environments
Authors: Wu Chen , Fang Xudong , Kang Qiang , Fang Ziyan , Wu Junxia , He Hongtao , Zhang Dong , Zhao Libo , Tian Bian , Maeda Ryutaro , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensors based on silicon are widely used and offer the benefits of miniaturization and high precision. However, they cannot easily withstand high temperatures exceeding 150 °C because of intrinsic material limits. Herein, we proposed and executed a systematic and full-process study of SiC-based MEMS pressure sensors that operate stably from −50 to 300 °C. First, to explore the nonlinear piezoresistive effect, the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) values of 4H-SiC piezoresistors were obtained from −50 to 500 °C. A conductivity variation model based on scattering theory was established to reveal the nonlinear variation mechanism. Then, a piezoresistive pressure sensor based on 4H-SiC was designed and fabricated. The sensor shows good output sensitivity (3.38 mV/V/MPa), accuracy (0.56% FS) and low temperature coefficient of sensitivity (TCS) (−0.067% FS/°C) in the range of −50 to 300 °C. In addition, the survivability of the sensor chip in extreme environments was demonstrated by its anti-corrosion capability in H2SO4 and NaOH solutions and its radiation tolerance under 5 W X-rays. Accordingly, the sensor developed in this work has high potential to measure pressure in high-temperature and extreme environments such as are faced in geothermal energy extraction, deep well drilling, aeroengines and gas turbines.
PRMT1 reverts the immune escape of necroptotic colon cancer through RIP3 methylation
Authors: Zhang Lian , He Yujiao , Jiang Yi , Wu Qi , Liu Yanchen , Xie Qingqiang , Zou Yuxiu , Wu Jiaqian , Zhang Chundong , Zhou Zhongjun , Bian Xiu-Wu , Jin Guoxiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNecroptosis plays a double-edged sword role in necroptotic cancer cell death and tumor immune escape. How cancer orchestrates necroptosis with immune escape and tumor progression remains largely unclear. We found that RIP3, the central activator of necroptosis, was methylated by PRMT1 methyltransferase at the amino acid of RIP3 R486 in human and the conserved amino acid R479 in mouse. The methylation of RIP3 by PRMT1 inhibited the interaction of RIP3 with RIP1 to suppress RIP1-RIP3 necrosome complex, thereby blocking RIP3 phosphorylation and necroptosis activation. Moreover, the methylation-deficiency RIP3 mutant promoted necroptosis, immune escape and colon cancer progression due to increasing tumor infiltrated myeloid-derived immune suppressor cells (MDSC), while PRMT1 reverted the immune escape of RIP3 necroptotic colon cancer. Importantly, we generated a RIP3 R486 di-methylation specific antibody (RIP3ADMA). Clinical patient samples analysis revealed that the protein levels of PRMT1 and RIP3ADMA were positively correlated in cancer tissues and both of them predicted the longer patient survival. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanism of PRMT1-mediated RIP3 methylation in the regulation of necroptosis and colon cancer immunity, as well as reveals PRMT1 and RIP3ADMA as the valuable prognosis markers of colon cancer.
Mn(I)-catalyzed sigmatropic rearrangement of β, γ-unsaturated alcohols
Authors: Yang Can , Zhou Xiaoyu , Shen Lixing , Ke Zhuofeng , Jiang Huanfeng , Zeng Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSigmatropic rearrangement provides a versatile strategy to site-selectively reorganize carbon-skeleton with high atom- and step-economy. Herein, we disclose a Mn(I)-catalyzed sigmatropic rearrangement of β, γ-unsaturated alcohols via C-C σ bond activation. A variety of α-aryl-allylic alcohols and α-aryl-propargyl alcohols could undergo in-situ 1,2- or 1,3- sigmatropic rearrangements to allow for converting to complex structural arylethyl- and arylvinyl- carbonyl compounds under a simple catalytic system. More importantly, this catalysis model can be further applied to assemble macrocyclic ketones through bimolecular [2n + 4] coupling-cyclization and monomolecular [n + 1] ring-extension. The presented skeleton rearrangement would be a useful tool complementary to the traditional molecular rearrangement.
Large piezoelectric response in a Jahn-Teller distorted molecular metal halide
Authors: Wang Sasa , Khan Asif Abdullah , Teale Sam , Xu Jian , Parmar Darshan H. , Zhao Ruyan , Grater Luke , Serles Peter , Zou Yu , Filleter Tobin , Seferos Dwight S. , Ban Dayan , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPiezoelectric materials convert between mechanical and electrical energy and are a basis for self-powered electronics. Current piezoelectrics exhibit either large charge (d33) or voltage (g33) coefficients but not both simultaneously, and yet the maximum energy density for energy harvesting is determined by the transduction coefficient:d33*g33. In prior piezoelectrics, an increase in polarization usually accompanies a dramatic rise in the dielectric constant, resulting in trade off betweend33andg33. This recognition led us to a design concept: increase polarization through Jahn-Teller lattice distortion and reduce the dielectric constant using a highly confined 0D molecular architecture. With this in mind, we sought to insert a quasi-spherical cation into a Jahn-Teller distorted lattice, increasing the mechanical response for a large piezoelectric coefficient. We implemented this concept by developing EDABCO-CuCl4(EDABCO = N-ethyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium), a molecular piezoelectric with ad33of 165 pm/V andg33of ~2110 × 10−3 V m N−1, one that achieved thusly a combined transduction coefficient of 348 × 10−12 m3 J−1. This enables piezoelectric energy harvesting in EDABCO-CuCl4@PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) composite film with a peak power density of 43 µW/cm2(at 50 kPa), the highest value reported for mechanical energy harvesters based on heavy-metal-free molecular piezoelectric.
Comparative analysis of dimension reduction methods for cytometry by time-of-flight data
Authors: Wang Kaiwen , Yang Yuqiu , Wu Fangjiang , Song Bing , Wang Xinlei , Wang Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile experimental and informatic techniques around single cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) are advanced, research around mass cytometry (CyTOF) data analysis has severely lagged behind. CyTOF data are notably different from scRNA-seq data in many aspects. This calls for the evaluation and development of computational methods specific for CyTOF data. Dimension reduction (DR) is one of the critical steps of single cell data analysis. Here, we benchmark the performances of 21 DR methods on 110 real and 425 synthetic CyTOF samples. We find that less well-known methods like SAUCIE, SQuaD-MDS, and scvis are the overall best performers. In particular, SAUCIE and scvis are well balanced, SQuaD-MDS excels at structure preservation, whereas UMAP has great downstream analysis performance. We also find that t-SNE (along with SQuad-MDS/t-SNE Hybrid) possesses the best local structure preservation. Nevertheless, there is a high level of complementarity between these tools, so the choice of method should depend on the underlying data structure and the analytical needs.
Pulmonary inflammation promoted by type-2 dendritic cells is a feature of human and murine schistosomiasis
Authors: Houlder E. L. , Costain A. H. , Nambuya I. , Brown S. L. , Koopman J. P. R. , Langenberg M. C. C. , Janse J. J. , Hoogerwerf M. A. , Ridley A. J. L. , Forde-Thomas J. E. , Colombo S. A. P. , Winkel B. M. F. , Galdon A. A. , Hoffmann K. F. , Cook P. C. , Roestenberg M. , Mpairwe H. , MacDonald A. S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting over 200 million people in multiple organs, including the lungs. Despite this, there is little understanding of pulmonary immune responses during schistosomiasis. Here, we show type-2 dominated lung immune responses in both patent (egg producing) and pre-patent (larval lung migration) murine Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection. Human pre-patent S. mansoni infection pulmonary (sputum) samples revealed a mixed type-1/type-2 inflammatory cytokine profile, whilst a case-control study showed no significant pulmonary cytokine changes in endemic patent infection. However, schistosomiasis induced expansion of pulmonary type-2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) in human and murine hosts, at both infection stages. Further, cDC2s were required for type-2 pulmonary inflammation in murine pre-patent or patent infection. These data elevate our fundamental understanding of pulmonary immune responses during schistosomiasis, which may be important for future vaccine design, as well as for understanding links between schistosomiasis and other lung diseases.
Sialidases and fucosidases of Akkermansia muciniphila are crucial for growth on mucin and nutrient sharing with mucus-associated gut bacteria
Authors: Shuoker Bashar , Pichler Michael J. , Jin Chunsheng , Sakanaka Hiroka , Wu Haiyang , Gascueña Ana Martínez , Liu Jining , Nielsen Tine Sofie , Holgersson Jan , Nordberg Karlsson Eva , Juge Nathalie , Meier Sebastian , Morth Jens Preben , Karlsson Niclas G. , Abou Hachem Maher 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe mucolytic human gut microbiota specialist Akkermansia muciniphila is proposed to boost mucin-secretion by the host, thereby being a key player in mucus turnover. Mucin glycan utilization requires the removal of protective caps, notably fucose and sialic acid, but the enzymatic details of this process remain largely unknown. Here, we describe the specificities of ten A. muciniphila glycoside hydrolases, which collectively remove all known sialyl and fucosyl mucin caps including those on double-sulfated epitopes. Structural analyses revealed an unprecedented fucosidase modular arrangement and explained the sialyl T-antigen specificity of a sialidase of a previously unknown family. Cell-attached sialidases and fucosidases displayed mucin-binding and their inhibition abolished growth of A. muciniphila on mucin. Remarkably, neither the sialic acid nor fucose contributed to A. muciniphila growth, but instead promoted butyrate production by co-cultured Clostridia. This study brings unprecedented mechanistic insight into the initiation of mucin O-glycan degradation by A. muciniphila and nutrient sharing between mucus-associated bacteria.
NAD+ repletion with niacin counteracts cancer cachexia
Authors: Beltrà Marc , Pöllänen Noora , Fornelli Claudia , Tonttila Kialiina , Hsu Myriam Y. , Zampieri Sandra , Moletta Lucia , Corrà Samantha , Porporato Paolo E. , Kivelä Riikka , Viscomi Carlo , Sandri Marco , Hulmi Juha J. , Sartori Roberta , Pirinen Eija , Penna Fabio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCachexia is a debilitating wasting syndrome and highly prevalent comorbidity in cancer patients. It manifests especially with energy and mitochondrial metabolism aberrations that promote tissue wasting. We recently identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) loss to associate with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer hosts. In this study we confirm that depletion of NAD+ and downregulation of Nrk2, an NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme, are common features of severe cachexia in different mouse models. Testing NAD+ repletion therapy in cachectic mice reveals that NAD+ precursor, vitamin B3 niacin, efficiently corrects tissue NAD+ levels, improves mitochondrial metabolism and ameliorates cancer- and chemotherapy-induced cachexia. In a clinical setting, we show that muscle NRK2 is downregulated in cancer patients. The low expression of NRK2 correlates with metabolic abnormalities underscoring the significance of NAD+ in the pathophysiology of human cancer cachexia. Overall, our results propose NAD+ metabolism as a therapy target for cachectic cancer patients.
Oral supplementation of nicotinamide riboside alters intestinal microbial composition in rats and mice, but not humans
Authors: Peluso A. Augusto , Lundgaard Agnete T. , Babaei Parizad , Mousovich-Neto Felippe , Rocha Andréa L. , Damgaard Mads V. , Bak Emilie G. , Gnanasekaran Thiyagarajan , Dollerup Ole L. , Trammell Samuel A. J. , Nielsen Thomas S. , Kern Timo , Abild Caroline B. , Sulek Karolina , Ma Tao , Gerhart-Hines Zach , Gillum Matthew P. , Arumugam Manimozhiyan , Ørskov Cathrine , McCloskey Douglas , Jessen Niels , Herrgård Markus J. , Mori Marcelo A. S. , Treebak Jonas T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiota impacts systemic levels of multiple metabolites including NAD+precursors through diverse pathways. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is an NAD+precursor capable of regulating mammalian cellular metabolism. Some bacterial families express the NR-specific transporter,PnuC. We hypothesized that dietary NR supplementation would modify the gut microbiota across intestinal sections. We determined the effects of 12 weeks of NR supplementation on the microbiota composition of intestinal segments of high-fat diet-fed (HFD) rats. We also explored the effects of 12 weeks of NR supplementation on the gut microbiota in humans and mice. In rats, NR reduced fat mass and tended to decrease body weight. Interestingly, NR increased fat and energy absorption but only in HFD-fed rats. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of intestinal and fecal samples revealed an increased abundance of species withinErysipelotrichaceaeandRuminococcaceaefamilies in response to NR.PnuC-positive bacterial strains within these families showed an increased growth rate when supplemented with NR. The abundance of species within theLachnospiraceaefamily decreased in response to HFD irrespective of NR. Alpha and beta diversity and bacterial composition of the human fecal microbiota were unaltered by NR, but in mice, the fecal abundance of species withinLachnospiraceaeincreased while abundances ofParasutterellaandBacteroides doreispecies decreased in response to NR. In conclusion, oral NR altered the gut microbiota in rats and mice, but not in humans. In addition, NR attenuated body fat mass gain in rats, and increased fat and energy absorption in the HFD context.