bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling disrupted synapse formation in wolfram syndrome using hESCs-derived neural cells and cerebral organoids identifies Riluzole as a therapeutic molecule
Authors: Yuan Fei , Li Yana , Hu Rui , Gong Mengting , Chai Mengyao , Ma Xuefei , Cha Jiaxue , Guo Pan , Yang Kaijiang , Li Mushan , Xu Minglu , Ma Qing , Su Qiang , Zhang Chuan , Sheng Zhejin , Wu Heng , Wang Yuan , Yuan Wen , Bian Shan , Shao Li , Zhang Ru , Li Kaicheng , Shao Zhen , Zhang Zhen-Ning , Li Weida 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDysregulated neurite outgrowth and synapse formation underlie many psychiatric disorders, which are also manifested by wolfram syndrome (WS). Whether and how the causative gene WFS1 deficiency affects synapse formation remain elusive. By mirroring human brain development with cerebral organoids, WFS1-deficient cerebral organoids not only recapitulate the neuronal loss in WS patients, but also exhibit significantly impaired synapse formation and function associated with reduced astrocytes. WFS1 deficiency in neurons autonomously delays neuronal differentiation with altered expressions of genes associated with psychiatric disorders, and impairs neurite outgrowth and synapse formation with elevated cytosolic calcium. Intriguingly, WFS1 deficiency in astrocytes decreases the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT2 by NF-κB activation and induces excessive glutamate. When co-cultured with wildtype neurons, WFS1-deficient astrocytes lead to impaired neurite outgrowth and increased cytosolic calcium in neurons. Importantly, disrupted synapse formation and function in WFS1-deficient cerebral organoids and impaired neurite outgrowth affected by WFS1-deficient astrocytes are efficiently reversed with Riluzole treatment, by restoring EAAT2 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, Riluzole rescues the depressive-like behavior in the forced swimming test and the impaired recognition and spatial memory in the novel object test and water maze test in Wfs1 conditional knockout mice. Altogether, our study provides novel insights into how WFS1 deficiency affects synapse formation and function, and offers a strategy to treat this disease.
Shape classification technology of pollinated tomato flowers for robotic implementation
Authors: Hiraguri Takefumi , Kimura Tomotaka , Endo Keita , Ohya Takeshi , Takanashi Takuma , Shimizu Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThree pollination methods are commonly used in the greenhouse cultivation of tomato. These are pollination using insects, artificial pollination (by manually vibrating flowers), and plant growth regulators. Insect pollination is the preferred natural technique. We propose a new pollination method, using flower classification technology with Artificial Intelligence (AI) administered by drones or robots. To pollinate tomato flowers, drones or robots must recognize and classify flowers that are ready to be pollinated. Therefore, we created an AI image classification system using a machine learning convolutional neural network (CNN). A challenge is to successfully classify flowers while the drone or robot is constantly moving. For example, when the plant is shaking due to wind or vibration caused by the drones or robots. The AI classifier was based on an image analysis algorithm for pollination flower shape. The experiment was performed in a tomato greenhouse and aimed for an accuracy rate of at least 70% for sufficient pollination. The most suitable flower shape was confirmed by the fruiting rate. Tomato fruit with the best shape were formed by this method. Although we targeted tomatoes, the AI image classification technology is adaptable for cultivating other species for a smart agricultural future.
Group threat, political extremity, and collective dynamics in online discussions
Authors: Bacaksizlar Turbic N. Gizem , Galesic Mirta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCollectives adapt their network structure to the challenges they face. It has been hypothesized that collectives experiencing a real or imagined threat from an outgroup tend to consolidate behind a few group members, and that network structures in which a few members attract most of the attention are more likely in politically extreme groups. These hypotheses have not been tested in large-scale real-world settings. We reconstruct networks of tens of thousands of commenters participating in comment sections of high-profile U.S. political news websites spanning the political spectrum from left to right, including Mother Jones, The Atlantic, The Hill, and Breitbart. We investigate the relationship between different indices of inequality of attention in commenters’ networks and perceived group threat associated with significant societal events, from elections and political rallies to mass shootings. Our findings support the hypotheses that groups facing a real or imagined outgroup threat and groups that are more politically extreme are more likely to attend to a few high-profile members. These results provide an extensive real-world test of theoretical accounts of collective adaptation to outgroup threats.
Gut microbiota of Parkinson’s disease in an appendectomy cohort: a preliminary study
Authors: Nakahara Keiichi , Nakane Shunya , Ishii Kazuo , Ikeda Tokunori , Ando Yukio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), α-synuclein pathology is thought to spread to the brain via the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The link between the gut microbiome and PD has been explored in various studies. The appendix might play an important role in immunity by maintaining the microbiota as a reservoir. In recent times, appendectomy has been linked to a lower risk of PD, possibly owing to the role of the appendix in altering the gut microbiome. We aimed to elucidate whether the gut microbiota affects PD development in the appendectomy cohort. We analyzed the fecal microbial composition in patients with PD and healthy controls with and without a history of appendectomy. The abundance of microbes from the family Enterobacteriaceae was higher in feces samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to that in samples collected from healthy controls. Furthermore, there was a significant phylogenetic difference between patients with PD and healthy controls who had undergone appendectomy. There was a significant phylogenetic difference between patients with PD and HCs who had undergone APP. These results suggest the correlation between gut microbiota and PD in patients who have undergone APP.
Investigation of structural, optical, morphological, photoluminescence and antimicrobial properties of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ nanophosphor by using urea fuel combustion method
Authors: Litoriya Praveen Kumar , Kurmi Swati , Verma Ashish 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present study, the Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09) phosphor were synthesized by urea fuel combustion method at 580 °C temperature with very high brightness and long after glow. The structural studies carried out using XRD technique shows that the sample is single phased in nature and it gets crystallized into monoclinic phase with standard JCPDS 34-0379 card. The oxide formation was examined using FTIR technique. UV–Visible spectroscopy has been used to study the optical band gap of material, it’s value in the current case, Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.05) is 3.78 eV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirm the formation of nano particle, with average particle size around 6–25 nm. The elemental composition was confirmed by using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique. The photo-luminescence study revealed that it gives broad emission spectra using excitation wavelength λex = 365 nm. It is observed that the Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.05) phosphor give maximum emission intensity and it can be regulated as green (0.23, 0.49) emission with the colour temperature 3224 K, CRI 78, and colour purity 60.69%. The spectra are intense and lie in the visible range. The green lights can regulate the circadian rhythm through melatonin, and it is also suitable for green LED and other optoelectronic devices. The Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.00 and 0.05) phosphor behaves like eco-materials, because nano particles of Sr1−xAl2O4:Eux (x = 0.05) does not show antimicrobial activity.
A deep learning model for detection of leukocytes under various interference factors
Authors: Li Meiyu , Lin Cong , Ge Peng , Li Lei , Song Shuang , Zhang Hanshan , Lu Lu , Liu Xiaoxiang , Zheng Fang , Zhang Shijie , Sun Xuguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe accurate detection of leukocytes is the basis for the diagnosis of blood system diseases. However, diagnosing leukocyte disorders by doctors is time-consuming and requires extensive experience. Automated detection methods with high accuracy can improve detection efficiency and provide recommendations to inexperienced doctors. Current methods and instruments either fail to automate the identification process fully or have low performance and need suitable leukocyte data sets for further study. To improve the current status, we need to develop more intelligent strategies. This paper investigates fulfilling high-performance automatic detection for leukocytes using a deep learning-based method. We established a new dataset more suitable for leukocyte detection, containing 6273 images (8595 leukocytes) and considering nine common clinical interference factors. Based on the dataset, the performance evaluation of six mainstream detection models is carried out, and a more robust ensemble model is proposed. The mean of average precision (mAP) @IoU = 0.50:0.95 and mean of average recall (mAR)@IoU = 0.50:0.95 of the ensemble model on the test set are 0.853 and 0.922, respectively. The detection performance of poor-quality images is robust. For the first time, it is found that the ensemble model yields an accuracy of 98.84% for detecting incomplete leukocytes. In addition, we also compared the test results of different models and found multiple identical false detections of the models, then provided correct suggestions for the clinic.
Hydrogen production by the steam reforming of synthetic biogas in atmospheric-pressure microwave (915 MHz) plasma
Authors: Hrycak Bartosz , Mizeraczyk J. , Czylkowski D. , Dors M. , Budnarowska M. , Jasiński M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper is a contribution to the development of microwave plasma-based technology aimed at efficient hydrogen (H2) production from a so-called synthetic biogas, considered a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which can contain up to 70% CH4. In this work, we tested the performance of a waveguide-supplied metal cylinder-based microwave plasma source (MPS) operating at 915 MHz at atmospheric pressure as a tool for the efficient production of H2 in the steam reforming of the synthetic biogas. The test showed that the steam reforming of the synthetic biogas could be carried out under a wide range of working parameters without soot formation and extinction of the microwave discharge. We found that there is a minimal H2Osteam consumption rate for a given CH4 input volume content, which ensures stable operation of the MPS (no soot). The experiments did not show that increasing the amount of H2Osteam rate above the minimal value for a given CH4 input volume content results in an increase in the H2 production rate, energy yield, CH4 conversion degree, and H2 output concentration. To describe the MPS performance, which also takes into account a factor of the utilization of the CH4 feedstock, we introduced a new parameter, called an energy–CH4 feedstock consumption yield. The best results in terms of the H2 production rate, the energy yield, and the CH4 conversion degree were 239 g[H2]/h 36.8 g[H2]/kWh, and 74.3%, respectively. This shows that the application of the steam reforming, instead of the dry reforming, resulted in a 1.5-fold increase of the H2 production rate and the corresponding energy yield.
Multi-point study of the energy release and impulsive CME dynamics in an eruptive C7 flare
Authors: Saqri Jonas , Veronig Astrid M. , Dickson Ewan C. M. , Podladchikova Tatiana , Warmuth Alexander , Xiao Hualin , Gary Dale E. , Battaglia Andrea Francesco , Krucker Säm 
Published: February 2023

Context. The energy release in eruptive flares and the kinematics of the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are interlinked and require favorable observing positions as both on-disk and off–limb signatures are necessary to characterize these events.
Aims. We combine observations from different vantage points to perform a detailed study of a long duration eruptive C7 class flare that occurred on 17 April 2021 and was partially occulted from Earth view. The dynamics and thermal properties of the flare-related plasma flows, the flaring arcade, and the energy releases and particle acceleration are studied together with the kinematic evolution of the associated CME in order to place this long duration event in context of previous eruptive flare studies.
Methods. We use data from the Spectrometer-Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) onboard the Solar Orbiter to analyze the spectral characteristics, timing, and spatial distribution of the flare X-ray emission. Data from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) onboard the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory-Ahead (STEREO-A) spacecraft are used for context images as well as to track the ejected plasma close to the Sun. With Atmospheric Imaging Assembly extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, the flare is observed off–limb and differential emission measure maps are reconstructed. The coronagraphs onboard STEREO-A are used to track the CME out to around 8 R⊙.
Results. The flare showed hard X-ray (HXR) bursts over the duration of an hour in two phases lasting from 16:04 UT to 17:05 UT. During the first phase, a strong increase in emission from hot plasma and impulsive acceleration of the CME was observed. The CME acceleration profile shows a three-part evolution of slow rise, acceleration, and propagation in line with the first STIX HXR burst phase, which is triggered by a rising hot (14 MK) plasmoid. During the CME acceleration phase, we find signatures of ongoing magnetic reconnection behind the erupting structure, in agreement with the standard eruptive flare scenario. The subsequent HXR bursts that occur about 30 min after the primary CME acceleration show a spectral hardening (from δ ≈ 7 to δ ≈ 4) but do not correspond to further CME acceleration and chromospheric evaporation. Therefore, the CME-flare feedback relationship may only be of significance within the first 25 min. of the event under study, as thereafter the flare and the CME eruption evolve independently of each other.
PPmP
Authors: Beutel Manfred 
Published: February 2023

Liebe Kolleginnen, liebe Kollegen,die Weltgesundheitsorganisation hat 2021 die „Dekade des gesunden
Alterns“ ausgerufen, als Reaktion auf den demografischen Wandel der
Weltbevölkerung. Die globale Strategie soll sich dabei sowohl an
hochwertiger Evidenz als auch an den Erwartungen und Prioritäten
älterer Menschen orientieren. In den letzten Jahren hat auch in Deutschland
die gesunde Lebensspanne deutlich zugenommen, auch wenn die mittlere Lebenserwartung
laut Statistischem Bundesamt (https://www.destatis.de/) unter der Pandemie
insgesamt etwas rückläufig war. Die Nationale Akademie der
Wissenschaften Leopoldina (2020) hat in ihrem Zukunftsreport für Deutschland
daher eine breit aufgestellte Alterns- und Lebensverlaufsforschung gefordert, um ein
längeres Leben für einzelne und die Gesellschaft als Ganzes besser
zu gestalten 1.
Current Practice in the Treatment of Epithelial and Melanocytic Tumours with Interferon-α2b: A Survey of Tertiary Eye Centres in Germany
Authors: Jiang Jana , Böhringer Daniel , Auw-Hädrich Claudia , Maier Philip Christian , Barth Teresa , Eter Nicole , Fuest Matthias , Geerling Gerd , Heindl Ludwig M. , Herwig-Carl Martina , Hintschich Christoph , Hufendiek Katerina , Kampik Daniel , Lieb Wolfgang , Meller Daniel , Mueller Arthur , Pfeiffer Norbert , Rehak Matus , Schargus Marc , Seitz Berthold , Spitzer Martin , Stahl Andreas , Süsskind Daniela , van Oterendorp Christian , Wagner Felix Mathias , Westekemper Henrike , Ziemssen Focke , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the standard of care, in particular the use of topical or subconjunctival interferon-α2b, in treating ocular surface squamous neoplasia or melanocytic
tumours in tertiary eye centres in Germany.
Methods A survey containing 14 questions was sent to 43 tertiary eye centres in Germany. The questions addressed the surgical and medical management of ocular surface squamous
neoplasia and melanocytic tumours (primary acquired melanosis and malignant melanoma), as well as the clinical experiences and difficulties in prescribing off-label interferon-α2b eye
drops and subconjunctival injections.
Results Twenty-four tertiary eye centres responded to the survey. Eighty-three percent of centres had used interferon-α2b in their clinical practice and 25% prescribed it as
the first-line cytostatic agent following surgical excision of ocular surface squamous neoplasia, while 10% would do so for melanocytic tumours. Correspondingly, the majority of respondents
selected mitomycin C as their first-line agent. Side effects were uncommon with topical interferon-α2b eye drops but were more frequently reported after subconjunctival
interferon-α2b injections. In total, eight centres had experience with interferon-α2b injections. The most significant obstacles perceived by ophthalmologists when prescribing
interferon-α2b were its high cost and the reimbursement thereof.
Conclusion Off-label mitomycin C was the preferred adjuvant therapy for epithelial and melanocytic tumours, with interferon-α2b being the standard second-line option.
Interferon-α2b has predominantly been used to treat ocular surface squamous neoplasia and, to a lesser extent, melanocytic tumours at German tertiary eye centres. Following its market
withdrawal, supply shortages of interferon-α2b are likely to have a profound impact on patient care and their quality of life.
Endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary lesions in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis compared with sporadic lesions: a propensity score-matched cohort
Authors: Vu Trung Kien , Abou-Ali Einas , Caillol Fabrice , Paik Woo H. , Napoleon Bertrand , Masaryk Viliam , van der Wiel Sophia E. , Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique , Musquer Nicolas , Halimi Asif , Soares Kevin , Souche Francois R. , Seyfried Steffen , Petrone Maria C. , Crippa Stefano , Kleemann Tobias , Albers David , Weismüller Tobias J. , Dugic Ana , Meier Benjamin , Wedi Edris , Schiemer Moritz , Regner Sara , Gaujoux Sebastien , Hollenbach Marcus ,   ESAP Study Group
Published: February 2023

Background Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare inherited syndrome that predisposes the patient to cancer. Treatment of FAP-related ampullary lesions is challenging and the role of endoscopic papillectomy has not been elucidated. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of endoscopic papillectomy in matched cohorts of FAP-related and sporadic ampullary lesions (SALs).
Methods This retrospective multicenter study included 1422 endoscopic papillectomy procedures. Propensity score matching including age, sex, comorbidity, histologic subtype, and size was performed. Main outcomes were complete resection (R0), technical success, complications, and recurrence.
Results Propensity score matching identified 202 patients (101 FAP, 101 SAL) with comparable baseline characteristics. FAP patients were mainly asymptomatic (79.2 % [95 %CI 71.2–87.3] vs. 46.5 % [95 %CI 36.6–56.4]); P < 0.001). The initial R0 rate was significantly lower in FAP patients (63.4 % [95 %CI 53.8–72.9] vs. 83.2 % [95 %CI 75.8–90.6]; P = 0.001). After repeated interventions (mean 1.30 per patient), R0 was comparable (FAP 93.1 % [95 %CI 88.0–98.1] vs. SAL 97.0 % [95 %CI 93.7–100]; P = 0.19). Adverse events occurred in 28.7 %. Pancreatitis and bleeding were the most common adverse events in both groups. Severe adverse events were rare (3.5 %). Overall, 21 FAP patients (20.8 % [95 %CI 12.7–28.8]) and 16 SAL patients (15.8 % [95 %CI 8.6–23.1]; P = 0.36) had recurrence. Recurrences occurred later in FAP patients (25 [95 %CI 18.3–31.7] vs. 2 [95 %CI CI 0.06–3.9] months).
Conclusions Endoscopic papillectomy was safe and effective in FAP-related ampullary lesions. Criteria for endoscopic resection of ampullary lesions can be extended to FAP patients. FAP patients have a lifetime risk of relapse even after complete resection, and require long-time surveillance.
A Surgical Framework for the Management of Incomplete Axillary Nerve Injuries
Authors: Chi David , Ha Austin Y. , Alotaibi Fawaz , Pripotnev Stahs , Patterson Brendan C. M. , Fongsri Warangkana , Gouda Mahmoud , Kahn Lorna C. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Axillary nerve injury is the most common nerve injury affecting shoulder function. Nerve repair, grafting, and/or end-to-end nerve transfers are used to reconstruct complete neurotmetic axillary nerve injuries. While many incomplete axillary nerve injuries self-resolve, axonotmetic injuries are unpredictable, and incomplete recovery occurs. Similarly, recovery may be further inhibited by superimposed compression neuropathy at the quadrangular space. The current framework for managing incomplete axillary injuries typically does not include surgery.
Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of 23 consecutive patients with incomplete axillary nerve palsy who underwent quadrangular space decompression with additional selective medial triceps to axillary end-to-side nerve transfers in 7 patients between 2015 and 2019. Primary outcome variables included the proportion of patients with shoulder abduction M3 or greater as measured on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, and shoulder pain measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcome variables included pre- and postoperative Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) scores.
Results A total of 23 patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent nerve surgery a mean 10.7 months after injury. Nineteen (83%) patients achieved MRC grade 3 shoulder abduction or greater after intervention, compared with only 4 (17%) patients preoperatively (p = 0.001). There was a significant decrease in VAS shoulder pain scores of 4.2 ± 2.5 preoperatively to 1.9 ± 2.4 postoperatively (p < 0.001). The DASH scores also decreased significantly from 48.8 ± 19.0 preoperatively to 30.7 ± 20.4 postoperatively (p < 0.001). Total follow-up was 17.3 ± 4.3 months.
Conclusion A surgical framework is presented for the appropriate diagnosis and surgical management of incomplete axillary nerve injury. Quadrangular space decompression with or without selective medial triceps to axillary end-to-side nerve transfers is associated with improvement in shoulder abduction strength, pain, and DASH scores in patients with incomplete axillary nerve palsy.
Development of five-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Shimojima T. , Nakamura A. , Ishizaka K. 
Published: February 2023

By combining the scanning transmission electron microscopy with the ultrafast optical pump–probe technique, we improved the time resolution by a factor of ∼1012 for the differential phase contrast and convergent-beam electron diffraction imaging. These methods provide ultrafast nanoscale movies of physical quantities in nano-materials, such as crystal lattice deformation, magnetization vector, and electric field. We demonstrate the observations of the photo-induced acoustic phonon propagation with an accuracy of 4 ps and 8 nm and the ultrafast demagnetization under zero magnetic field with 10 ns and 400 nm resolution, by utilizing these methods.