bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical impedance myography detects age-related skeletal muscle atrophy in adult zebrafish
Authors: Rutkove Seward B. , Callegari Santiago , Concepcion Holly , Mourey Tyler , Widrick Jeffrey , Nagy Janice A. , Nath Anjali K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAge-related deficits in skeletal muscle function, termed sarcopenia, are due to loss of muscle mass and changes in the intrinsic mechanisms underlying contraction. Sarcopenia is associated with falls, functional decline, and mortality. Electrical impedance myography (EIM)—a minimally invasive, rapid electrophysiological tool—can be applied to animals and humans to monitor muscle health, thereby serving as a biomarker in both preclinical and clinical studies. EIM has been successfully employed in several species; however, the application of EIM to the assessment of zebrafish—a model organism amenable to high-throughput experimentation—has not been reported. Here, we demonstrated differences in EIM measures between the skeletal muscles of young (6 months of age) and aged (33 months of age) zebrafish. For example, EIM phase angle and reactance at 2 kHz showed significantly decreased phase angle (5.3 ± 2.1 versus 10.7 ± 1.5°; p = 0.001) and reactance (89.0 ± 3.9 versus 172.2 ± 54.8 ohms; p = 0.007) in aged versus young animals. Total muscle area, in addition to other morphometric features, was also strongly correlated to EIM 2 kHz phase angle across both groups (r = 0.7133, p = 0.01). Moreover, there was a strong correlation between 2 kHz phase angle and established metrics of zebrafish swimming performance, including turn angle, angular velocity, and lateral motion (r = 0.7253, r = 0.7308, r = 0.7857, respectively, p < 0.01 for all). In addition, the technique was shown to have high reproducibility between repeated measurements with a mean percentage difference of 5.34 ± 1.17% for phase angle. These relationships were also confirmed in a separate replication cohort. Together, these findings establish EIM as a fast, sensitive method for quantifying zebrafish muscle function and quality. Moreover, identifying the abnormalities in the bioelectrical properties of sarcopenic zebrafish provides new opportunities to evaluate potential therapeutics for age-related neuromuscular disorders and to interrogate the disease mechanisms of muscle degeneration.
External validation of a radiomic signature to predict p16 (HPV) status from standard CT images of anal cancer patients
Authors: Leijenaar Ralph T. H. , Walsh Sean , Akshayaa Vaidyanathan  , Aliboni Lorenzo , Sanchez Victoria Lopez , Leech Michelle , Joyce Ronan , Gillham Charles , Kridelka Frédéric , Hustinx Roland , Danthine Denis , Occhipinti Mariaelena , Vos Wim , Guiot Julien , Lambin Philippe , Lovinfosse Pierre 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper deals with the evaluation of the performance of an existing and previously validated CT based radiomic signature, developed in oropharyngeal cancer to predict human papillomavirus (HPV) status, in the context of anal cancer. For the validation in anal cancer, a dataset of 59 patients coming from two different centers was collected. The primary endpoint was HPV status according to p16 immunohistochemistry. Predefined statistical tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the model. The AUC obtained here in anal cancer is 0.68 [95% CI (0.32–1.00)] with F1 score of 0.78. This signature is TRIPOD level 4 (57%) with an RQS of 61%. This study provides proof of concept that this radiomic signature has the potential to identify a clinically relevant molecular phenotype (i.e., the HPV-ness) across multiple cancers and demonstrates potential for this radiomic signature as a CT imaging biomarker of p16 status.
Retinal image enhancement based on color dominance of image
Authors: C Priyadharsini , R Jagadeesh Kannan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReal-time fundus images captured to detect multiple diseases are prone to different quality issues like illumination, noise, etc., resulting in less visibility of anomalies. So, enhancing the retinal fundus images is essential for a better prediction rate of eye diseases. In this paper, we propose Lab color space-based enhancement techniques for retinal image enhancement. Existing research works does not consider the relation between color spaces of the fundus image in selecting a specific channel to perform retinal image enhancement. Our unique contribution to this research work is utilizing the color dominance of an image in quantifying the distribution of information in the blue channel and performing enhancement in Lab space followed by a series of steps to optimize overall brightness and contrast. The test set of the Retinal Fundus Multi-disease Image Dataset is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed enhancement technique in identifying the presence or absence of retinal abnormality. The proposed technique achieved an accuracy of 89.53 percent.
Kinetic data for modeling the dynamics of the enzymes involved in animal fatty acid synthesis
Authors: Foko Kuate Chilperic Armel , Ebenhöh Oliver , Bakker Barbara M. , Raguin Adélaïde 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The synthesis and modification of fatty acids (FAs) from carbohydrates are paramount for the production of lipids. Simultaneously, lipids are pivotal energy storage in human health. They are associated with various metabolic diseases and their production pathways are for instance candidate therapeutic targets for cancer treatments. The fatty acid de novo synthesis (FADNS) occurs in the cytoplasm, while the microsomal modification of fatty acids (MMFA) happens at the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The kinetics and regulation of these complex processes involve several enzymes. In mammals, the main ones are the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the fatty acid synthase (FAS), the very-long-chain fatty acid elongases (ELOVL 1–7), and the desaturases (delta family). Their mechanisms and expression in different organs have been studied for more than 50 years. However, modeling them in the context of complex metabolic pathways is still a challenge. Distinct modeling approaches can be implemented. Here, we focus on dynamic modeling using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) based on kinetic rate laws. This requires a combination of knowledge on the enzymatic mechanisms and their kinetics, as well as the interactions between the metabolites, and between enzymes and metabolites. In the present review, after recalling the modeling framework, we support the development of such a mathematical approach by reviewing the available kinetic information of the enzymes involved.
Insulin secretory actions of ethanolic extract of Acacia arabica bark in high fat-fed diet-induced obese Type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Islam Sara S. , Akther Samia , Khan Joyeeta T. , Shihab Jaber A. , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H. A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Acacia arabica commonly known as ‘babul’ has been widely used for the treatment of numerous diseases, including diabetes due to their potential pharmacological actions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties of ethanol extract of Acacia arabica (EEAA) bark through in vitro and in vivo studies in high fat-fed (HFF) rats. EEAA at 40–5000 µg/ml significantly increased (P&lt;0.05–0.001) insulin secretion with 5.6 and 16.7 mM glucose, respectively, from clonal pancreatic BRIN BD11 β-cells. Similarly, EEAA at 10–40 µg/ml demonstrated a substantial (P&lt;0.05–0.001) insulin secretory effect with 16.7 mM glucose from isolated mouse islets, with a magnitude comparable to 1 µM glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Diazoxide, verapamil, and calcium-free conditions decreased insulin secretion by 25–26%. The insulin secretory effect was further potentiated (P&lt;0.05–0.01) with 200 µM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX; 1.5-fold), 200 µM tolbutamide (1.4-fold), and 30 mM KCl (1.4-fold). EEAA at 40 µg/ml, induced membrane depolarization and elevated intracellular Ca2+ as well as increased (P&lt;0.05–0.001) glucose uptake in 3T3L1 cells and inhibited starch digestion, glucose diffusion, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme activity, and protein glycation by 15–38%, 11–29%, 15–64%, and 21–38% (P&lt;0.05, 0.001), respectively. In HFF rats, EEAA (250 mg/5 ml/kg) improved glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and GLP-1 levels, and lowered DPP-IV enzyme activity. Phytochemical screening of EEAA revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinone. These naturally occurring phytoconstituents may contribute to the potential antidiabetic actions of EEAA. Thus, our finding suggests that EEAA, as a good source of antidiabetic constituents, would be beneficial for Type 2 diabetes patients.
A day‐ahead optimal scheduling model of an integrated energy system for a facility agricultural–industrial park
Authors: Chen Wei , Chang Xuewu , Li Jianing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe widespread use of biogas and biomass fuels in facility agro‐industrial parks has led to a significant increase in their carbon emissions. A day‐ahead optimal scheduling model for an integrated energy system (IES) is proposed, that considers the coupling of biomass and power to gas (P2G) to reduce carbon emissions during the operation of an industrial park. The proposed model incorporates the two evaluation indices of the economy of and carbon emissions by the IES of the park, and formulates and solves a multi‐objective optimization problem by using the ε‐constraint method. From among the solutions to the Pareto front, we choose the scheduling strategy that delivers the optimal performance in case of multiple objectives by using the fuzzy decision method. Finally, the validity of the proposed model was verified by considering the IES of an agriculture–industrial park in the northwest region of China.
Propagation of Alfvén waves in the dusty interstellar medium
Authors: Hennebelle Patrick , Lebreuilly Ugo 
Published: May 2023

Context. Alfvén waves are fundamental magnetized modes that play an important role in the dynamics of magnetized flows such as the interstellar medium (ISM).
Aims. In a weakly ionized medium, their propagation critically depends on the ionization rate as well as on the charge carriers. Depending on the gas density, these may be ions, electrons, or dust grains. The latter are particularly well known to have a drastic influence on the magnetic resistivities in the dense ISM, such as collapsing dense cores. Yet, in most calculations, for numerical reasons, the grain inertia is usually neglected.
Methods. We carried out an analytical investigation of the propagation of Alfvén waves both in a single-size and multi-size grain medium such as the ISM and we obtained exact expressions giving wavenumbers as a function of wave frequencies. These expressions were then solved analytically or numerically by taking into account or neglecting grain inertia.
Results. At long wavelengths, neglecting grain inertia is a very good approximation, however, the situation is rather different for wavelengths shorter than a critical value, which broadly scaled as 1/n, with n being the gas density. More precisely, when inertia is neglected, the waves do not propagate at short wavelengths or, due to the Hall effect, they develop for one circular polarization only, namely, a whistler mode such that ℛe(ω) ∝ k2. The other polarization presents a zero group velocity, namely, ℛe(ω) ∝ k0. When grain inertia is accounted for, the propagation of the two polarizations tend to be more symmetrical and the whistler mode is only present at density higher than ≃108 cm−3. At a lower density, it is replaced by a mode having ℛe(ω) ∝ k≃1.2. Interestingly, one of the polarization presents a distribution, instead of a single ω value. Importantly, for short wavelengths, wave damping is considerably reduced when inertia is properly accounted for.
Conclusions. To properly handle the propagation of Alfvén waves at short wavelengths, it is necessary to self-consistently treat grain inertia. We discuss the possible consequences this may have in the context of diffuse and dense molecular gas regarding turbulence, magnetic braking, and protoplanetary disk formation as well as cosmic ray propagation in the dense ISM.
Evidence of a common origin for the Virgo overdensity and Hercules-Aquila Cloud from abundances and orbital parameters
Authors: Yan H. H. , Shi W. B. , Chen Y. Q. , Zhao J. K. , Zhao G. 
Published: May 2023

Aims. The Virgo overdensity (VOD) and the Hercules-Aquila cloud (HAC) may have originated from the same accretion event. In this work, we use K giants from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey to further investigate their potentially common origins.
Methods. We selected member stars in the VOD and HAC regions from the K giant sample of LAMOST DR5 and cross-matched them with results from the literature to obtain their elemental abundances. The orbital characteristics, namely, eccentricity, apocenter distance, energy, and angular momentum were compared between the member stars in the VOD and HAC regions. Then, we investigated the relationship between the VOD and HAC from the perspective of chemical evolution through a comparison of the distributions of elemental abundances in these two regions.
Results. By studying the orbital parameters of the members in VOD and HAC, we find that the distribution of the orbital eccentricity, apocenter, and maximum height from the Galactic disk of the members of these two regions are very consistent. They are both on orbits of low angular momentum and high energy. Their density distributions in the spatial position are also similar based on an integration of the last 8 Gyr of their orbits. We also found that these two structures have similar distributions in [Fe/H] and other elemental abundances. Based on the similarity of the orbital properties and the consistency of the chemical abundances, we suggest that these two structures may have come from the merger of the same dwarf galaxy, such as the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE). Also, part of the VOD may originate from Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) debris that had been stripped 3 Gyr ago.
Synthesis of 2-Pyrones from Renewable Resources
Authors: Reiser Oliver , Dobler Daniel , Leitner Michael , Kreitmeier Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn atom-economic reaction sequence on a multigram scale for synthesizing 2-pyrone was developed starting from furfuryl alcohol, a renewable resource made from bran or bagasse, utilizing a large-scale thermal rearrangement of cyclopentadienone epoxide as the key step. Additionally, 6-substituted 2-pyrone natural product derivatives are readily accessible by this approach.
An Effective Additive for Introducing the Triazole Unit of Ensitrelvir: Combination of LiCl and Et3N to Easily Generate Lithium Triazinolate
Authors: Ohashi Eisaku , Sahara Naoto , Hirano Yoichi , Hosoya Masahiro , Takahashi Yusaku , Tsuno Naoki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn efficient and robust method was developed to introduce the triazole unit of Ensitrelvir, a COVID-19 therapeutic agent. One of the key steps is introducing the triazole unit in the triazinone with Cs2CO3 and KI in a heterogeneous system. Detailed reaction screening revealed that addition of LiCl allowed the reaction to proceed quantitatively in the presence of inexpensive Et3N, and the selectivity of the N-alkylation was greatly improved. The key to promoting the reaction is the mild formation of the lithium triazinolate accompanied by precipitation of Et3N·HCl (the only insoluble matter in this reaction). Dissolving all the substrates and reagents should contribute to further improvement of the process robustness.
The diachronic change of research article abstract difficulty across disciplines: a cognitive information-theoretic approach
Authors: Zhao Xi , Li Li , Xiao Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractText difficulty refers to the ease with which a text can be read and understood, and the difficulty of research article abstracts has long been a hot topic. Previous studies have found that research article abstracts are difficult to read in general and that abstracts have gradually become more and more difficult. However, the widely used measurements, such as FRE and SMOG, have long been criticized in that they use only simplistic and surface-level indicators as proxies for complex cognitive processes of reading, and the sophisticated cognitive theory and Natural Language Processing/machine learning-based methods seem not that easy to use and interpret. A theoretically sound and methodologically neat measurement of text difficulty should be called for. Besides, the diachronic changes of abstract difficulty across disciplines have been under-researched. To address these issues, this study adopted a cognitive information-theoretic approach to investigate the diachronic change of text difficulty of research article abstracts across the areas of natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. 1890 abstracts were sampled over a period of 21 years, and two indexes, i.e. entropy from information theory and mean dependency distance from cognitive science, were employed for the calculation of cognitive encoding/decoding difficulty. The results show that in general, the cognitive encoding difficulty of abstracts has been increasing in the past two decades, while the cognitive decoding difficulty of abstracts has been decreasing. Regarding the disciplinary variations, the humanities show no significant diachronic change in encoding difficulty, and the social sciences show no significant diachronic change in decoding difficulty. These phenomena can be attributed to the traits of abstracts, the nature of academic knowledge, the cognitive mechanism in human languages and the features of different disciplines. This study has implications for the innovations in theories and methods of measurement of text difficulty, as well as an in-depth understanding of the disciplinary variations in academic writing and the essence of research article abstracts for research article writers, readers, the scientific community, and academic publishers.
Comparative study of finite difference methods and pseudo-spectral methods for solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in optical fiber
Authors: Ibarra-Villalon H E , Pottiez O , Gómez-Vieyra A , Lauterio-Cruz J P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work evaluates the suitability of the finite difference methods and the pseudo-spectral methods for validating the pulse propagation problem in an optical fiber, which is modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) represented in a classical electromagnetic version. In particular, the finite difference methods have been reported as excellent schemes for solving the nonlinear Schrödinger type-equations represented in multiple fields of study. However, a rigorous analysis of the finite difference methods for solving specifically the NLSE in fiber has not been reported yet. On the other hand, the pseudo-spectral methods are reported as optimal schemes to integrate the NLSE in fiber. Thus, four schemes of finite difference methods and three schemes of pseudo-spectral methods are analyzed by the validation of the propagation of a fundamental soliton, which demands a high level of convergence and stability to reproduce the complex behavior involved in this pulse propagation problem. As a result, we observe that the multiple phenomenologies modeled by the NLSE in fiber are reproduced numerically with the best degree of convergence and stability by the pseudo-spectral methods, whereas the finite difference methods are not suitable to validate this pulse propagation problem due to a loss of convergence and a high computational cost.
Cosmological simulations of the same spiral galaxy: connecting the dark matter distribution of the host halo with the subgrid baryonic physics
Authors: Nuñez-Castiñeyra A. , Nezri E. , Mollitor P. , Devriendt J. , Teyssier R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The role of baryonic physics, star formation and stellar feedback, in shaping the galaxies and their host halos is an evolving topic. The dark matter aspects are illustrated in this work by showing distribution features in a Milky Way sized halo.
We focus on the halo morphology, geometry, and profile as well as the phase space distribution using one dark matter only and five hydrodynamical cosmological high-resolution simulations of the same halo with different subgrid prescriptions for the baryonic physics (Kennicut versus multi-freefall star formation and delayed cooling versus mechanical supernovae feedback). If some general properties like the relative halo-galaxy orientation are similar, the modifications of the gravitational potential due to the presence of baryons are found to induce different dark matter distributions (rounder and more concentrated halo). The mass density profile as well as the velocity distribution are modified distinctively according to the specific resulting baryonic distribution highlighting the variability of those properties (e.g inner power index from 1.3 to 1.8, broader speed distribution). The uncertainties on those features are of paramount importance for dark matter phenomenology, particularly when dealing with dark matter dynamics or direct and indirect detection searches. As a consequence, dark matter properties and prospects using cosmological simulations require improvement on baryonic physics description. Modeling such processes is a key issue not only for galaxy formation but also for dark matter investigations.
Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate in theories with supersymmetry and inflation
Authors: Flores Marcos M. , Kusenko Alexander 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We show that supersymmetry and inflation, in a broad class of models, generically lead to formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) that can account for dark matter. Supersymmetry predicts a number of scalar fields that develop a coherent condensate along the flat directions of the potential at the end of inflation. The subsequent evolution of the condensate involves perturbative decay, as well as fragmentation into Q-balls, which can interact by some long-range forces mediated by the scalar fields. The attractive scalar long-range interactions between Q-balls facilitates the growth of Q-balls until their ultimate collapse to black holes. For a flat direction lifted by supersymmetry breaking at the scale Λ ∼ 100 TeV, the black hole masses are of the order of (M
3
Planck/Λ2) ∼ 1022 g, in the allowed range for dark matter. Similar potentials with a lower scale Λ (not necessarily associated with supersymmetry) can result in a population of primordial black holes with larger masses, which can explain some recently reported microlensing events.
Resonant mode effects on rotation braking induced by n = 1 resonant magnetic perturbations in the EAST tokamak
Authors: Sheng H. , Sun Y.W. , Li X.Y. , Li H.H. , Wu X.M. , Li Y.Y. , Mao S.F. , Ma Q. , Liu Y.Q. , Ye C. , Yan X.T. , Xie P.C. , Zang Q. , Wang H.H. , Jia M.N. , Ye M.Y. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The spectrum effects on toroidal rotation braking, induced by n = 1 resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in the discharges with

q

95

=
4.1

and

q

95

=
5.1

, are studied in the EAST tokamak. Here n is the toroidal mode number, RMP spectrum is varied by scanning

δ

ϕ

U
L

, the phase difference between the upper and lower rows of RMP coils. The toroidal rotation changes periodically with the periodic

δ

ϕ

U
L

scanning and such an effect is stronger in the discharge with lower

q

95

=
4.1

. The spectrum dependence of the neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque, modeled by NTVTOK based on the magnetic perturbation obtained from MARS-F calculation, agrees well with that of the experimentally observed braking torques in both discharges. The modeled NTV torque is stronger in the discharge with lower q
95, which also agrees with the observations. The comparisons between the spectrum dependence of the NTV and magnetic perturbations show that the resonant mode of magnetic perturbations near the plasma edge mainly contribute the NTV torque. These agreements between modeling and experiments highlight the capability of NTV theory in explaining the experimental observation in the EAST tokamak.