bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of non‐nutritive sweetened beverages versus water after a 12‐week weight‐loss program: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Harrold Joanne A. , Hill Scott , Radu Cristina , Thomas Paul , Thorp Paula , Hardman Charlotte A. , Christiansen Paul , Halford Jason C. G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare non‐nutritive sweetened (NNS) beverages versus water for weight loss after a 12‐week behavioral weight‐management program.MethodsThis is an ongoing, 2‐year, parallel‐group, open‐label, controlled equivalence trial; week‐12 data are reported. Adults with BMI of 27 to 35 kg/m2 who regularly drank cold beverages were randomized 1:1 to intention‐to‐treat water or NNS beverages while undergoing a weekly 12‐week group behavioral weight‐management program. Weight change to week 12 was the primary end point (equivalence: two‐sided p > 0.05); changes in waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, glycemic control markers, fasting lipid profiles, liver function tests, hunger (visual analog scale), sugar and sweetener consumption, and activity levels were secondary end points.ResultsOverall, 493 participants were randomized (water: n = 246; NNS beverages: n = 247); 24.1% were NNS beverage naïve. Weight change was equivalent with water versus NNS beverages (−5.6 vs. −5.8 kg; difference [90% CI]: −0.2 kg [−0.7 to 0.4]). There were no significant differences between groups for secondary end points except reductions in waist circumference (greater with NNS beverages vs. water), glycated hemoglobin, and consumption of any type of sweetener (both greater with water vs. NNS beverages).ConclusionsWeight loss was equivalent with NNS beverages and water following a 12‐week behavioral weight‐management program.image
Clinical and genetic characteristics of children with cystic fibrosis in Henan China: A single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Xu Chunna , Tang Yu , Dong Lili , Shen Yuelin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the growing awareness of cystic fibrosis (CF) in China, few cases have been reported in Henan, which is the most populous province in the country. This study aimed to describe the clinical phenotype and genotype of children with CF in Henan.MethodsWe retrospectively recruited 18 Chinese children with CF who presented to Children's Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to June 2023. The demographic data, imaging examinations, and laboratory tests of the patients were reviewed to clarify the clinical phenotype. Whole exome sequencing was conducted to identify the genotype.ResultsRespiratory diseases were the main clinical manifestation, including recurrent/persistent pneumonia (88.9%), sinusitis (77.8%), bronchiectasis (77.8%). CF‐related liver disease and pancreatic insufficiency were less common. Infant cases had high frequency of pseudo‐Bartter Syndrome (80.0%). Chest computed tomography showed bronchiectasis in older children and air trapping in infant cases. The most common pathogens in the airway were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (72.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (66.7%). Twenty‐five different cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene variants were detected, including five novel observations (c.1064C>G[p. Pro355Arg], c.1209+1G>C, c.1925C>G[p. Ser642X], c.2810T>G[p. Leu937Arg], and c.3792delA[p. Gly1265GlufsX13]). The most common variant was c.2909G>A(p. Gly970Asp), with a detected rate of 21.9%.ConclusionChildren with CF in Henan had varied clinical phenotypes by age, with respiratory disease being predominant. The most frequent CFTR gene variant was c.2909G>A(p. Gly970Asp). This study is the first and most comprehensive one on the clinical phenotype and genotype of children with CF in Henan, China. We also reported the first CF case of Mycobacterium abscessus infection in China.
Leveraging purposes and values to motivate and negotiate reform
Authors: Lindsay William E. , Otero Valerie K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of organizational purposes and values on reforming physics instruction to align with a practice‐based instructional approach, in a case of engaging in infrastructuring with a no‐excuses charter network. The network's instruction was guided by organizational purposes of ensuring predictable academic success and collegiate access for all students and was supported by a robust system of instructional infrastructures that were initially incoherent with a practice‐based approach to science education. To manage this incoherence, the network engaged in infrastructuring with a university‐based team of physics education researchers and curriculum developers. Infrastructuring included the redesign of network standards, curricular materials, assessments, instructional coaching routines, and professional development workshops during a 33‐month partnership. Extensive ethnographic data were collected during this process and analyzed using a mixture of inductive and deductive coding that facilitated the production of analytical memos, interpretive vignettes, and cross‐case comparisons. Analysis revealed reform motivations unique to the no‐excuses context and elements of instructional infrastructures that were mutable and immutable to change. During implementation, some redesigned infrastructure elements supported a practice‐based approach to physics instruction, including adaptations to daily instructional materials and valued student learning outcomes. Other infrastructure elements constrained reform efforts, including expectations of standards coverage. Implications for instructional reform programs and working with no‐excuses networks are discussed.
Metal‐Free Hybrid Energetic Composites Based on Donor–Acceptor π‐Conjugated Organic Energetic Catalysts with Enlightening the Laser Ignition Performance of Multi‐Scale Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Du Wei , Tang Pengfei , Yang Bo , Yang Lei , Li Xiaodong , Duan Ming , Gou Shaohua , Ma Qing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotosensitive materials, such as energetic complexes, usually have high sensitivity and cause heavy‐metal pollution, whereas others, like carbon black and dye, do not contain energy, which affects energy output and mechanical properties. In this work, donor–acceptor π‐conjugated energetic catalysts, denoted as D‐n, are designed and synthesized. Nonmetallic hybrid energetic composites are prepared by assembling the as‐synthesized catalysts into multiscale ammonium perchlorate (AP). Composites containing catalysts and APs can be successfully ignited without the involvement of metals. The new ignition mechanism is further analyzed using experimental and theoretical analyses such as UV–vis‐near‐infrared (NIR) spectra, electron‐spin resonance spectroscopy, and energy‐gap analysis. The shortest ignition delay time is 56 ms under the experimental condition of a NIR wavelength of 1064 nm and a laser power of 10 W. At the voltage of 1 kV and the electric field of 500 V mm−1, the laser‐ignition delay time of D‐2/AP hybrid composite decreases from 56 to 35 ms because D‐2 also exhibits organic semiconductor‐like properties. D‐2/AP and D‐12/AP can also be used to successfully laser ignite other common energetic materials. This study can guide the development of advanced metal‐free laser‐ignitable energetic composites to address challenges in the field of aerospace engineering.
Potential mechanisms of death in cases of fatal acid attacks
Authors: Byard Roger W. , Behera Chittaranjan , Gupta Sudhir K. , Chauhan Mohit , Kaur Navpreet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcid attacks refer to assaults where caustic substances such as an acid are thrown onto a victim. The usual purpose is to maim and disfigure and cause lifelong health and societal issues. Deaths uncommonly occur. Three cases are described involving females who were aged 14, 20 and 35 years respectively, who survived for some time after the attacks but later died. Postmortem findings confirmed that the deaths were due to septicemia and multiorgan failure. After an acid attack, death may be caused by a range of immediate, early and delayed complications. Hypovolemic shock may occur from loss of fluid exuding from the sites of deep burns. If the caustic agent has been inhaled or swallowed there may be mucosal, submucosal or deeper tissue injuries associated with mucosal edema and sloughing of pseudomembranes resulting in critical narrowing of the airways. Inhalation of fumes may also result in diffuse alveolar damage as a significant pathological finding. Further complications include acute renal failure, septicemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. The prognosis of such injuries depends on the extent of the body surface that has been burned, the presence and extent of inhalation injuries, concomitant comorbid conditions and the age of the victim.
Assessing the water conservation potential of optimized surface irrigation management in Northern Italy
Authors: Masseroni Daniele , Gangi Fabiola , Ghilardelli Francesca , Gallo Antonio , Kisekka Isaya , Gandolfi Claudio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe effects of climate change on water availability affect the performance of surface irrigation, which is the oldest and most common method of water application to row crops worldwide. A paradigm shift towards strategies aimed at increasing flexibility of irrigation scheduling and improving the design and management of field layouts and irrigation practices should be explored to promote water conservation at the farm scale. In this study, we investigate how by adopting a more flexible irrigation scheduling and optimizing irrigation management variables and field layout it is possible to increase the efficiency of border irrigation and thus achieve water conservations and improve quality of crop production. The analysis of the actual performance of border irrigation was carried out on two maize fields located in the Padana Plain (Northern Italy) in 2 years characterized by different rainfall patterns (i.e. 2021 and 2022). Based on this information, continuous monitoring of soil moisture status combined with the AquaCrop-OS agro-hydrological model was used to manage flexible irrigation scheduling over the experimental fields, while the optimization of irrigation management (flowrate per unit width and cutoff time) and field geometries (border width and slope) was studied using WinSRFR 5.1 USDA software, which was properly calibrated by measures of waterfront advance and recession. The results show that with flexible irrigation scheduling and proper irrigation management and field layout, significant water conservation can be achieved. Specifically, in the case study, seasonal water conservation of about 10% was obtained just by scheduling irrigation based on actual crop water needs in a very dry agricultural season, while water conservation reached up to 60% in a wetter season. On average, an additional 7% of water conservation was achieved over the agricultural season when the irrigation duration was correctly applied to each border of the experimental plots, while approximately 20% of water was conserved when the border width was correctly designed based on inflow availability. These results provide useful information for improving the management of border irrigation in practice, both under current conditions and in prospective of increasing freshwater scarcity in the future.
Drinking on the wing: water collection in polarotactic horseflies
Authors: Cerkvenik Uroš , Belušič Gregor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany insects detect water bodies by observing the linearly polarised light which is reflected from the water surface. Polarotactic horseflies exhibit acrobatic manoeuvres above the water and are able to plunge on its surface, collect a droplet and fly away. This behaviour is extremely fast and has not yet been analysed. We recorded the flight patterns and kinematics of drinking horseflies using a pair of high-speed cameras. The animals of both sexes are attracted to water puddles where they make short, millisecond pitstops to collect a droplet of water that is then presumably drank “on the wing”. Before the collection, the flies perform several low-altitude flybys above the puddle. After a few passes, the fly suddenly reverses its body orientation, decelerates, briefly touches the water surface and immediately flies away, usually with a droplet carried between its front legs. During the approach flight, the horseflies fly low but do not show any angular preference. Thus, they view the reflections from the sky, sun, or vegetation with a wide band of ventral ommatidia. Polarotaxis in drinking horseflies is a very robust visually guided behaviour, which operates at a broad range of intensities and various spectral compositions of reflected light.
Discrete-to-Continuous Extensions: Lovász Extension and Morse Theory
Authors: Jost Jürgen , Zhang Dong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis is the first of a series of papers that develop a systematic bridge between constructions in discrete mathematics and the corresponding continuous analogs. In this paper, we establish an equivalence between Forman’s discrete Morse theory on a simplicial complex and the continuous Morse theory (in the sense of any known non-smooth Morse theory) on the associated order complex via the Lovász extension. Furthermore, we propose a new version of the Lusternik–Schnirelman category on abstract simplicial complexes to bridge the classical Lusternik–Schnirelman theorem and its discrete analog on finite complexes. More generally, we can suggest a discrete Morse theory on hypergraphs by employing piecewise-linear (PL) Morse theory and Lovász extension, hoping to provide new tools for exploring the structure of hypergraphs.
Spontaneous lesser omental herniation resolved by laparoscopic surgery: case report and systematic literature review
Authors: Alves André S. , Balaphas Alexandre , Zuo Katie , Hauser Philipp , Neroladaki Angeliki , Raffoul Toni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite its extremely low incidence, intra-abdominal herniation through the lesser omentum is associated with a high mortality rate and must be recognized early and treated urgently. To overcome a lack of data on the management of this condition, we collected and reviewed all the reported cases of operated lesser omental hernia and presented the case of a patient treated by laparoscopy for an isolated lesser omental hernia.MethodsAccording to PRISMA guidelines and using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, a systematic literature review of cases of lesser omental hernia treated by surgery was performed on February 12, 2023.ResultsOf 482 articles, 30 were included for analysis and only 9 articles presented an isolated hernia through the lesser omentum. Among these, 4 patients were female and the median age was 38. Upper abdominal pain and vomiting were reported in 7 out of 9 patients. The small bowel was responsible for 78% (7/9) of all lesser omental herniations. All of them were treated by laparotomy. In addition, we describe the case of a 65-year-old woman without prior surgical history who was treated by laparoscopy for a spontaneous closed loop hernia through the lesser omentum without any other associated hernias.ConclusionMostly associated with prior surgery or trauma, this type of herniation could sometimes occur spontaneously without any sign of peritonitis. Due to the high mortality rate, internal abdominal hernias should always be ruled out with a CT scan in front of patients presenting with persisting acute abdominal pain and no alternative diagnosis.
The anterolateral triangle as window on the foramen lacerum from transorbital corridor: anatomical study and technical nuances
Authors: Corvino Sergio , Armocida Daniele , Offi Martina , Pennisi Giovanni , Burattini Benedetta , Mondragon Andres Villareal , Esposito Felice , Cavallo Luigi Maria , de Notaris Matteo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
Neurosurgical indications for the superior eyelid transorbital endoscopic approach (SETOA) are rapidly expanding over the last years. Nevertheless, as any new technique, a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the surgical target area, the operative corridor, and the specific surgical landmark from this different perspective is required for a safest and successful surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide, through anatomical dissections, a detailed investigation of the surgical anatomy revealed by SETOA via anterolateral triangle of the middle cranial fossa. We also sought to define the relevant surgical landmarks of this operative corridor.

Methods
Eight embalmed and injected adult cadaveric specimens (16 sides) underwent dissection and exposure of the cavernous sinus and middle cranial fossa via superior eyelid endoscopic transorbital approach. The anterolateral triangle was opened and its content exposed. An extended endoscopic endonasal trans-clival approach (EEEA) with exposure of the cavernous sinus content and skeletonization of the paraclival and parasellar segments of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was also performed, and the anterolateral triangle was exposed. Measurements of the surface area of this triangle from both surgical corridors were calculated in three head specimens using coordinates of its borders under image-guide navigation.

Results
The drilling of the anterolateral triangle via SETOA unfolds a space that can be divided by the course of the vidian nerve into two windows, a wider “supravidian” and a narrower “infravidian,” which reveal different anatomical corridors: a “medial supravidian” and a “lateral supravidian,” divided by the lacerum segment of the ICA, leading to the lower clivus, and to the medial aspect of the Meckel’s cave and terminal part of the horizontal petrous ICA, respectively. The infravidian corridor leads medially into the sphenoid sinus. The arithmetic means of the accessible surface area of the anterolateral triangle were 45.48 ± 3.31 and 42.32 ± 2.17 mm2 through transorbital approach and endonasal approach, respectively.

Conclusion
SETOA can be considered a minimally invasive route complementary to the extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the anteromedial aspect of the Meckel’s cave and the foramen lacerum. The lateral loop of the trigeminal nerve represents a reliable surgical landmark to localize the lacerum segment of the ICA from this corridor. Nevertheless, as any new technique, a learning curve is needed, and the clinical feasibility should be proven.
Mapping inundation from sea level rise and its interaction with land cover in the Sundarbans mangrove forest
Authors: Kanan Akbar Hossain , Pirotti Francesco , Masiero Mauro , Rahman Md Masudur 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe sea level rise (SLR) in the Sundarbans areas is higher than the global-average rate of sea rise, and many studies assume that most of the dry land of the Sundarbans will be inundated by the end of the twenty-first century. This study aims to analyze the amount of dry land that can potentially be inundated by SLR in Sundarbans and the impact under different land cover conditions. Four SLR scenarios, a digital elevation data grid, and net subsidence data are used to map areas that will be potentially inundated by 2100. Results for the low (35 cm), mid (52 cm), high (70 cm), and extreme (147 cm) SLR scenarios indicate that the Sundarbans landmass area will be flooded up to 40 km2 (1%), 72 km2 (1.8%), 136 km2 (3.4%), and 918 km2 (23%), respectively, under the current net subsidence rate of −2.4 mm/year by 2100. Except for the extreme scenarios, the low, mid, and high SLR will result in riverbank and beach areas to be covered by water. The potential inundation areas of different vegetation cover classes that already exist today (2020) will be nominal for the low, mid, and high SLR scenarios. We also analyzed the sensitivity of the results through station-based SLR data, which fits with the low (35 cm) SLR scenarios under the −2.4 mm/year subsidence rate. This study concluded that the inundation aspect of SLR will not directly affect the Sundarbans; however, indirectly related threats and anthropogenic disturbances can be major drivers of the Sundarbans’ degradation by the end of the twenty-first century. This work discusses reasonable inundation scenarios integrating SLR and subsidence with a custom land-cover map that includes three forest-density categories. The study’s findings contribute to forest management planning and support the UN goals of the Bangladesh Delta Plan.
Players Don’t Die, They Respawn: a Situational Analysis of Toxic Encounters Arising from Death Events in League of Legends
Authors: Nexø Louise Anker , Kristiansen Søren 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOnline death events constitute integral parts of many competitive online multiplayer games. Nonetheless, research has identified death events as frequently involved in the proceedings of toxic behaviors (Märtens et al., 2015). While much existing research has been attentive towards providing a range of explanations for the emergence of toxic behaviors in online games (see for example Kordyaka et al. in Internet Research, 30(4), 1081–1102, 2020; Kou, 2020; Kowert in Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2020), research exploring the micro sociological mechanisms involved is currently limited. By applying a micro sociological situational approach to a sample of screen-recorded video data from an observational study of online toxic behaviors in League of Legends, we find that patterns of interactional rituals and situational properties play an important role in whether a death event, in which one or more players are killed, escalates into a toxic encounter. These preliminary results suggest a micro-situational understanding to be explored and refined in future empirical research. From the preliminary findings, a range of potential interventions to mitigate toxic behavior and promote social inclusion in online gaming are suggested. Among these, two types of social-norm interventions, targeting social referents and weakening social norms, align well with the main findings.
Gradient boosting for extreme quantile regression
Authors: Velthoen Jasper , Dombry Clément , Cai Juan-Juan , Engelke Sebastian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtreme quantile regression provides estimates of conditional quantiles outside the range of the data. Classical quantile regression performs poorly in such cases since data in the tail region are too scarce. Extreme value theory is used for extrapolation beyond the range of observed values and estimation of conditional extreme quantiles. Based on the peaks-over-threshold approach, the conditional distribution above a high threshold is approximated by a generalized Pareto distribution with covariate dependent parameters. We propose a gradient boosting procedure to estimate a conditional generalized Pareto distribution by minimizing its deviance. Cross-validation is used for the choice of tuning parameters such as the number of trees and the tree depths. We discuss diagnostic plots such as variable importance and partial dependence plots, which help to interpret the fitted models. In simulation studies we show that our gradient boosting procedure outperforms classical methods from quantile regression and extreme value theory, especially for high-dimensional predictor spaces and complex parameter response surfaces. An application to statistical post-processing of weather forecasts with precipitation data in the Netherlands is proposed.