bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical appraisal tools used in systematic reviews of in vitro cell culture studies: A methodological study
Authors: Paiva Barbosa Victor , Bastos Silveira Bruna , Amorim dos Santos Juliana , Monteiro Mylene Martins , Coletta Ricardo D. , De Luca Canto Graziela , Stefani Cristine Miron , Guerra Eliete Neves Silva 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSystematic reviews (SRs) of preclinical studies are marked with poor methodological quality. In vitro studies lack assessment tools to improve the quality of preclinical research. This methodological study aimed to identify, collect, and analyze SRs based on cell culture studies to highlight the current appraisal tools utilized to support the development of a validated critical appraisal tool for cell culture in vitro research. SRs, scoping reviews, and meta‐analyses that included cell culture studies and used any type of critical appraisal tool were included. Electronic search, study selection, data collection and methodological quality (MQ) assessment tool were realized. Further, statistical analyses regarding possible associations and correlations between MQ and collected data were performed. After the screening process, 82 studies remained for subsequent analysis. A total of 32 different appraisal tools were identified. Approximately 60% of studies adopted pre‐structured tools not designed for cell culture studies. The most frequent instruments were SYRCLE (n = 14), OHAT (n = 9), Cochrane Collaboration's tool (n = 7), GRADE (n = 6), CONSORT (n = 5), and ToxRTool (n = 5). The studies were divided into subgroups to perform statistical analyses. A significant association (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 1.54–16.20, p = 0.008) was found between low MQ and chronic degenerative disorders as topic of SR. Several challenges in collecting information from the included studies led to some modifications related to the previously registered protocol. These results may serve as a basis for further development of a critical appraisal tool for cell culture studies capable of capturing all the essential factors related to preclinical research, therefore enhancing the practice of evidence‐based.
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of highland barley protein: identification and characterization of novel bioactive peptides involved in gut cholecystokinin secretion
Authors: Huang Kai , Wang Qingyu , Song Hongdong , Cao Hongwei , Guan Xiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) plays an important role in food intake inhibition. Its secretion is regulated by dietary components. The search for bioactive compounds that induce CCK secretion is currently an active area of research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of highland barley protein digest (HBPD) to stimulate CCK secretion in vitro and in vivo and identify the responsible peptide sequences.RESULTSHBPD was prepared by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. Peptides of <1000 Da in HBPD accounted for 82%. HBPD was rich in essential amino acids Leu, Phe and Val, but lack in sulfur amino acids Met and Cys. HBPD treatment at a concentration of 5 mg mL−1 significantly stimulated CCK secretion from enteroendocrine STC‐1 cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, oral gavage with HBPD in mice significantly increased plasma CCK level. Chromatographic separation was performed to isolate peptide fractions involved in CCK secretion and peptide sequence was determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Two novel CCK‐releasing peptides, PDLP and YRIVPL, were pointed out for their outstanding CCK secretagogue activity.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated for the first time that HBPD had an ability to stimulate CCK secretion in vitro and in vivo and determined the bioactive peptides exerting CCK secretagogue activity in HBPD. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Frozen Section Timeout: Pilot Study to Reconcile Margins Using 3D Resected Specimen and Defect Scans
Authors: Kapustin Danielle A. , Yun Jun , Su Vivian , Rubin Samuel J. , Modica Ippolito , Chung Daniel , Fan Jun , Khan Mohemmed N. , Chai Raymond L. , Karasick Michael , Doyle Scott , Brandwein‐Weber Margaret , Urken Mark L. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveOpportunities exist to improve intraoperative communication and documentation of resection margin details. We instituted a “frozen section timeout” that centers around visualization of the paired resection specimen and surgical defect—facilitating effective, bidirectional exchange of information.MethodsWe designed an interactive form for use during the “frozen section timeout” including annotated 3D virtual models of the resected specimen and surgical defect, plus a “line‐item” table for primary and supplemental margin results. The “timeout” was conducted over a Zoom call between the operating room and frozen section laboratory. The form was simultaneously projected and discussed while all members of the surgical care team stopped activities. Nurses, co‐surgeons, and all other members of the surgical team were encouraged to take part in this process.ResultsTwenty‐six frozen section timeouts were conducted during head and neck surgeries in the Department of Otolaryngology at Mount Sinai West Hospital. These timeouts were facilitated by the lead surgeon, and all other activities were halted to ensure that critical information was shared, documented, and agreed upon. During the timeout, the annotated specimen and defect scans were displayed, clearly demonstrating the at‐risk margins and the corresponding location and breadth of supplemental margins harvested.ConclusionIncorporating a frozen section timeout can improve intraoperative communication, increase transparency, and potentially eliminate uncertainty regarding margin status and tumor clearance. Visualization of at‐risk margins and the corresponding location and breadth of supplemental margins promises an unprecedented level of documentation and understanding. This novel technique can establish a new and improved standard of care.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:725–731, 2024
A comparative study on different neural network architectures to model inelasticity
Authors: Rosenkranz Max , Kalina Karl A. , Brummund Jörg , Kästner Markus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe mathematical formulation of constitutive models to describe the path‐dependent, that is, inelastic, behavior of materials is a challenging task and has been a focus in mechanics research for several decades. There have been increased efforts to facilitate or automate this task through data‐driven techniques, impelled in particular by the recent revival of neural networks (NNs) in computational mechanics. However, it seems questionable to simply not consider fundamental findings of constitutive modeling originating from the last decades research within NN‐based approaches. Herein, we propose a comparative study on different feedforward and recurrent neural network architectures to model 1D small strain inelasticity. Within this study, we divide the models into three basic classes: black box NNs, NNs enforcing physics in a weak form, and NNs enforcing physics in a strong form. Thereby, the first class of networks can learn constitutive relations from data while the underlying physics are completely ignored, whereas the latter two are constructed such that they can account for fundamental physics, where special attention is paid to the second law of thermodynamics in this work. Conventional linear and nonlinear viscoelastic as well as elastoplastic models are used for training data generation and, later on, as reference. After training with random walk time sequences containing information on stress, strain, and—for some models—internal variables, the NN‐based models are compared to the reference solution, whereby interpolation and extrapolation are considered. Besides the quality of the stress prediction, the related free energy and dissipation rate are analyzed to evaluate the models. Overall, the presented study enables a clear recording of the advantages and disadvantages of different NN architectures to model inelasticity and gives guidance on how to train and apply these models.
Role of lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A review of current and emerging therapies
Authors: Alhomoud Ibrahim S. , Talasaz Azita , Mehta Anurag , Kelly Michael S. , Sisson Evan M. , Bucheit John D. , Brown Roy , Dixon Dave L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is structurally like low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) but differs in that it contains glycoprotein apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Due to its prothrombotic and proinflammatory properties, Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic valve stenosis. Lp(a) levels are genetically determined, and it is estimated that 20%–25% of the global population has an Lp(a) level ≥50 mg/dL (or ≥125 nmol/L). Diet and lifestyle interventions have little to no effect on Lp(a) levels. Lipoprotein apheresis is the only approved treatment for elevated Lp(a) but is time‐intensive for the patient and only modestly effective. Pharmacological approaches to reduce Lp(a) levels and its associated risks are of significant interest; however, currently available lipid‐lowering therapies have limited effectiveness in reducing Lp(a) levels. Although statins are first‐line agents to reduce LDL cholesterol levels, they modestly increase Lp(a) levels and have not been shown to change Lp(a)‐mediated ASCVD risk. Alirocumab, evolocumab, and inclisiran reduce Lp(a) levels by 20‐25%, yet the clinical implications of this reduction for Lp(a)‐mediated ASCVD risk are uncertain. Niacin also lowers Lp(a) levels; however, its effectiveness in mitigating Lp(a)‐mediated ASCVD risk remains unclear, and its side effects have limited its utilization. Recommendations for when to screen and how to manage individuals with elevated Lp(a) vary widely between national and international guidelines and scientific statements. Three investigational compounds targeting Lp(a), including small interfering RNA (siRNA) agents (olpasiran, SLN360) and an antisense oligonucleotide (pelacarsen), are in various stages of development. These compounds block the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into apo(a), a key structural component of Lp(a), thereby substantially reducing Lp(a) synthesis in the liver. The purpose of this review is to describe current recommendations for screening and managing elevated Lp(a), describe the effects of currently available lipid‐lowering therapies on Lp(a) levels, and provide insight into emerging therapies targeting Lp(a).
Preparation of PVA/PEI/CNC/ZnO composite membrane with good mechanical properties and water resistance by electrostatic spinning using for efficient filtration of PM2.5
Authors: Huang Jingda , Lin Shite , Liang Yipeng , Wang Enfu , Miao Yu , Zhang Wenbiao , Sheng Kuichuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is still a serious challenge to construct a water‐soluble polymer‐based air filtration membrane with high efficiency and good mechanical properties by electrospinning. In the study, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacetylimide (PEI) as the main materials, both nanocellulosic crystal (CNC) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as the synergistic reinforcers and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as the hydrophobic modifier, the electrospun PVA/PEI/CNC/ZnO composite nanofibrous membrane with dual air filtration mechanisms was established. One of the mechanisms was the interception of the three‐dimensional network structure built by the composite nanofibrous membrane, the other was the electrostatic adsorption provided by CNC. Based on the dual air filtration mechanisms, the filtration efficiency of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) reached 98.20%. Moreover, the composite nanofibrous membrane displayed a good thermal stability and could still maintain more than the filtration efficiency of 83% and low‐pressure drop after treatment at 200 °C for 1 h. Moreover, the composite nanofibrous membrane could still maintain the filtration efficiency (97.3%) and low‐pressure drop (110.7 Pa) after five washing cycles after filtration, reflecting good reusability. Interestingly, the PVA/PEI/CNC/ZnO composite nanofibrous membrane was simple to produce and demonstrated excellent filtration efficiency, as well as excellent thermal stability, which could be an effective barrier against PM2.5 invasion.
Asymmetrical power relationships in disaster reduction remain the key barrier to sustainable recovery: Neoliberalism and Nepal's post‐earthquake recovery experiences
Authors: Lam Lai Ming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMaking reference to recent scholarly discussions on neoliberalism and disaster recovery, in this paper I discuss how the implemented neoliberal doctrines of governance have reinforced the existing asymmetrical power relationships between the state, international agencies and citizens. This process constitutes a major barrier to achieving sustainable recovery after the 2015 Nepal earthquake. In particular, three issues, namely the risk of disempowering local communities' capacity, lack of commitment to long‐term recovery, and commodification of the recovery process, have resulted that the recovery policy basically favours the interests of international donors, and NGOs, not those of local communities. To achieve sustainable recovery, post disaster interventions must be socially inclusive. Local affected communities should be meaningfully engaged, and that social learning and sustainability transformation should be enabled as these are key processes at the core of community resilience and of any community resilience‐building strategy.
Cs4Zn5P6S18I2: the Largest Birefringence in Chalcohalide Achieved by Highly Polarizable Nonlinear Optical Functional Motifs
Authors: Chai Xian‐Dan , Li Ming‐Ze , Lin Shu‐Juan , Chen Wen‐Fa , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Liu Bin‐Wen , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChalcohalides not only keep the balance between the nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficient and wide band gap, but also provide a promising solution to achieve sufficient birefringence for phase‐matching ability in NLO crystals. In this study, a novel chalcohalide, Cs4Zn5P6S18I2 (1) is successfully synthesized, by incorporating the highly electropositive Cs and the large electronegative I element into the zinc thiophosphate. Its 3D open framework features an edge‐shared by distorted [ZnS4], ethanol‐like [P2S6], and unusual [ZnS2I2] polyhedrons, which is inconsistent with the soft‐hard‐acids‐bases theory. Remarkably, compound 1 simultaneously exhibits the large second‐harmonic generation (SHG, 1.1×AgGaS2, @1.3 µm) and a wide band gap (3.75 eV) toward a high laser‐induced damage threshold (16.7×AgGaS2, @1.06 µm), satisfying the rigorous requirements for a prominent infrared NLO material with concurrent SHG intensity (≥0.5×AGS) and band gap (≥3.5 eV). Moreover, to the best of the knowledge, the experimental result shows that phase 1 has the largest birefringence (0.108, @546 nm) in chalcohalide and meets phase‐matching behavior demand originating from the polarizable anisotropy of NLO‐functional motifs. This finding may provide great opportunities for designing birefringent chalcohalides.
Exploring Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Production for Artificial Cells — Current Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Van de Cauter Lori , van Buren Lennard , Koenderink Gijsje H. , Ganzinger Kristina A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCreating an artificial cell from the bottom up is a long‐standing challenge and, while significant progress has been made, the full realization of this goal remains elusive. Arguably, one of the biggest hurdles that researchers are facing now is the assembly of different modules of cell function inside a single container. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) have emerged as a suitable container with many methods available for their production. Well‐studied swelling‐based methods offer a wide range of lipid compositions but at the expense of limited encapsulation efficiency. Emulsion‐based methods, on the other hand, excel at encapsulation but are only effective with a limited set of membrane compositions and may entrap residual additives in the lipid bilayer. Since the ultimate artificial cell will need to comply with both specific membrane and encapsulation requirements, there is still no one‐method‐fits‐all solution for GUV formation available today. This review discusses the state of the art in different GUV production methods and their compatibility with GUV requirements and operational requirements such as reproducibility and ease of use. It concludes by identifying the most pressing issues and proposes potential avenues for future research to bring us one step closer to turning artificial cells into a reality.
Pumped and pumpless microphysiological systems to study (nano)therapeutics
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jin , Krassin Zachary L. , Abaci Hasan Erbil , Mahler Gretchen J. , Esch Mandy B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFluidic microphysiological systems (MPS) are microfluidic cell culture devices that are designed to mimic the biochemical and biophysical in vivo microenvironments of human tissues better than conventional petri dishes or well‐plates. MPS‐grown tissue cultures can be used for probing new drugs for their potential primary and secondary toxicities as well as their efficacy. The systems can also be used for assessing the effects of environmental nanoparticles and nanotheranostics, including their rate of uptake, biodistribution, elimination, and toxicity. Pumpless MPS are a group of MPS that often utilize gravity to recirculate cell culture medium through their microfluidic networks, providing some advantages, but also presenting some challenges. They can be operated with near‐physiological amounts of blood surrogate (i.e., cell culture medium) that can recirculate in bidirectional or unidirectional flow patterns depending on the device configuration. Here we discuss recent advances in the design and use of both pumped and pumpless MPS with a focus on where pumpless devices can contribute to realizing the potential future role of MPS in evaluating nanomaterials.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Uterine leiomyoma with RAD51B::NUDT3 fusion: a report of 2 cases
Authors: Dundr Pavel , Machado-Lopez Alba , Mas Aymara , Věcková Zuzana , Mára Michal , Richtárová Adéla , Matěj Radoslav , Stružinská Ivana , Kendall Bártů Michaela , Němejcová Kristýna , Dvořák Jiří , Hojný Jan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree main uterine leiomyoma molecular subtypes include tumors with MED12 mutation, molecular aberrations leading to HMGA2 overexpression, and biallelic loss of FH. These aberrations are mutually exclusive and can be found in approximately 80–90% of uterine leiomyoma, in which they seem to be a driver event. Approximately 10% of uterine leiomyoma, however, does not belong to any of these categories. Uterine leiomyoma with HMGA2 overexpression is the most common subtype in cellular and second most common category of usual leiomyoma. In some of these tumors, rearrangement of HMGA2 gene is present. The most common fusion partner of HMGA2 gene is RAD51B. Limited data suggests that RAD51B fusions with other genes may be present in uterine leiomyoma. In our study, we described two cases of uterine leiomyoma with RAD51B::NUDT3 fusion, which occur in one case of usual and one case of highly cellular leiomyoma. In both cases, no other driver molecular aberrations were found. The results of our study showed that RAD51::NUDT3 fusion can occur in both usual and cellular leiomyoma. RAD51B may be a fusion partner of multiple genes other than HMGA2 and HMGA1. In these cases, RAD51B fusion seems to be mutually exclusive with other driver aberrations defining molecular leiomyoma subtypes. RAD51B::NUDT3 fusion should be added to the spectrum of fusions which may occur in uterine leiomyoma, which can be of value especially in cellular leiomyoma in the context of differential diagnosis against endometrial stromal tumors.
On the equivalence of certain quadratic irrationals
Authors: Girstmair Kurt 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with quadratic irrationals of the form $$m/q+\sqrt{v}$$

m
/
q
+

v

for fixed positive integers v and q, v not a square, and varying integers m, $$(m,q)=1$$

(
m
,
q
)
=
1

. Two numbers $$m/q+\sqrt{v}$$

m
/
q
+

v

, $$n/q+\sqrt{v}$$

n
/
q
+

v

of this kind are equivalent (in a classical sense) if their continued fraction expansions can be written with the same period. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the equivalence in terms of solutions of Pell’s equation. Moreover, we determine the number of equivalence classes to which these quadratic irrationals belong.
Epidemiology of gastrointestinal infections: lessons learned from syndromic testing, Region Zealand, Denmark
Authors: Johansen Rikke Lykke , Schouw Christian Højte , Madsen Tina Vasehus , Nielsen Xiaohui Chen , Engberg Jørgen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the value of syndromic diagnostic testing for a better understanding of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal infections in Denmark. Here we evaluated the QIAstat-Dx® Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel 1 assay on 18,610 fecal samples requested for analysis for enteric pathogens in Region Zealand, Denmark, in 1 year (October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022). In total, 6905 (37%) samples were detected positive for one or more diarrhoeal bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The most common bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens detected with the QIAstat-Dx® Gastrointestinal Panel 1 were EPEC (in patients ≥ 2 years of age) (n = 1420 (20.6%)), rotavirus (n = 948 (13.7%)), and Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 196 (2.84%)). We identified a large diversity in infections likely reflecting substantial differences in the epidemiology including origin of infections, mode of transmission, seasonality, age-dependent susceptibility to disease, severity, and travel history. All pathogens were detected as both single and coinfections. Viral infections peaked in March with a positive rate of 31.6%, and bacterial infections peaked in August with a positive rate of 35.3%. ETEC, Shigella/EIEC, EAEC, and P. shigelloides were most related to travel activity, and coinfections were frequent. The distribution of Ct values varied significantly between the pathogens, with the lowest Ct values (median 17–18) observed in astrovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus. Our results highlight the value of providing extensive diagnostic testing on fecal samples for sufficient detection of relevant diarrhoeal pathogens for optimal clinical care.