bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoring Reason in American Foreign Policy
Authors: Moore John Norton 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There has been debate throughout American history as to the proper role for America in the world. Honest and informed debate serves the national interest as the Nation addresses a myriad of complex global issues. But, whatever the debate, it must be rooted in truth, full context, realistic options, and honest assessment of the real-world costs and benefits of those options – that is, “reason.” Sadly, the anti-Convention narrative, rooted in falsehoods and exaggerations, and isolating itself from real-world options, fails the standard for useful debate – and this false narrative is continuing to betray America, its security, its industry, its foreign policy and its people.
Policy Implications and Research Challenges
Authors: Bamberger Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the implications of the decades of research on pay communication and transparency for the workplace and for public policy. Specifically, it focuses on practical next steps that have the highest probability of being accepted by both labor and management. Also discussed are policy reforms that policymakers might consider. Implications for future research into pay communication are examined next, with a focus on identifying issues and questions that remain unresolved, as well as on the challenges scholars face when trying to address them. This chapter concludes with a discussion of implications for practice: steps that practitioners might want to consider if they are interested in enhancing their employees’ pay knowledge.
Faith in Facts
Authors: Suh Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 follows the continuing transpacific collaborations in the aftermath of Japanese exclusion by focusing on the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR), an international nongovernmental organization based in Hawai‘i. Established in 1925, the IPR held biennial conferences that attracted prominent elites from the Pacific Rim countries, and it ran a research program that aimed to provide the Pacific Rim countries with much-needed knowledge about Asia. Of particular importance was the IPR’s research into Japan’s claims that the empire needed to find a solution to support its rapidly growing population problem. This research had unintended consequences. When Japan’s army invaded Manchuria in 1931, claiming that it needed to secure more land and food for its “surplus population” during the Great Depression, the IPR’s research aided the League of Nations, and indirectly the US government, in invalidating Japan’s claims.
Toward a New Order
Authors: Suh Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 explains how the long decade between the Manchurian Crisis and Pearl Harbor finally witnessed the end of the US policies created during Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency. There were many events that signaled their end. In 1934 the US government set the timetable for Philippine independence. In 1937, Congress held hearings on granting statehood to Hawaiʽi. In 1939, after witnessing the brutality of Japanese troops during the Sino-Japanese War for two years, the Roosevelt administration decided to terminate the 1911 Treaty of Commerce and Japan. Many Americans became convinced that Japan was not a progressive power. In 1941 the US government made a commitment to curb Japan’s expansion of the self-proclaimed “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.” In contrast to earlier generations, FDR’s generation believed that governing the world with a multipolar order, with Japan as America’s most important nonwhite partner, was no longer a viable option to maintain peace.
Introduction
Authors: Rozeboom Grant J. , Jonker Julian David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The ideal of equality is difficult to articulate: it must be both sufficiently tolerant to accommodate important features of our practices, and sufficiently demanding to provide meaningful guidance for reform. The relational egalitarian ideal aspires to do a better job of negotiating this tension than the distributive egalitarian ideal. We articulate two strands of relational egalitarianism, an antihierarchical tradition and an antisectarian tradition. The antihierarchical tradition, which we discern in the works of Rousseau and those who follow him, criticizes social arrangements that leave some as social inferiors. The antisectarian tradition, which we discern in the work of Mill and Rawls, promotes social arrangements that accommodate diverse views about the good. We then describe how the contributors to this volume bring these twin aspects of the relational egalitarian ideal to bear upon questions about hierarchical arrangements in the workplace. These include questions about the scope, content, and justification of the relational egalitarian ideal, and taking them up promises to shed light on workplace phenomena underexplored by ethicists, such as self-employment, human capital, and freedom of employee speech.
The Workplace as a Cooperative Institution
Authors: Jonker Julian David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How should workplace authority be exercised in the face of disagreement? This chapter begins by outlining a positivist conception of workplace authority, such that employees lack a moral obligation to obey employment directives without more, but may have reason to adopt a workplace perspective that treats such directives as authoritative. There is reason to adopt such a perspective to the extent that the workplace can be seen as a cooperative institution. Workplace authority can be made compatible with the cooperative conception of the workplace if it is subject to a workplace justification constraint, i.e., if workplace directives are justifiable to all reasonable participants in the workplace. This criterion allows workplace authority to accommodate disagreement to the degree we expect of other liberal institutions. It provides a basis for using workplace authority to achieve the goals of work while respecting the fact that individuals may reasonably diverge in their conceptions of the good. The criterion has an egalitarian justification, but one that aims not at equalizing some dimension of the bilateral relation between employer and employee, but rather at providing an institutional perspective which gives each workplace participant equal standing.
England
Authors: Annesley Claire , Ratton Beatriz Lacerda , Watts Jake 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The England experiment shows men and women candidates to be evaluated equivalently for different levels of posts, ability to win votes, and most masculine policy areas. However, regarding ability to be an MP, whenever the candidate is from the participant’s preferred party, participants more favorably evaluate the woman, and when the candidate is from the party they oppose, they give more favorable evaluations to the man. A party effect is consistently found in the England experiment, and participants give significantly more favorable evaluations to the candidate from their preferred party. In addition, more favorable evaluations of parties map onto party issue ownership. Acceptance of women as leaders by English young adults may be influenced by England’s experience with two women Prime Ministers, even though gender inequality persists throughout UK politics.
A Time to Heal or a Time to Kill
Authors: Kang Xiaofei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 analyzes the campaign rhetoric against shamans, the mainstay of religious life in the Yan’an region. The campaign took male shamans and their ritual power as the chief targets of attack. The Party newspaper strategically paired journalists’ accounts with shamans’ own confessions to condemn ritual healing practices as “murderous business.” Two parallel narratives were designed to establish the Party’s epistemic authority over shamanic practices. Drawing on traditional rhetoric of patriarchy and female sexuality, the propaganda strove to establish the Party as the new ritual master that would save rural women’s reproductive bodies for the health of the incipient Party-state.
Catching the “Red-Shoed Demoness”
Authors: Kang Xiaofei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines the changing narratives of a ghost story in the CCP’s anti-superstition polemics. It discusses why and how the same ghost, a “Red-Shoed Demoness,” appears in four different political and literary genres during the anti-shaman campaign. The titular heroine stands at the center of multiple intersections: between Party-controlled journalism and audience-oriented stage performances, between the historical narrative of ritual exorcism and popular entertainment, and between rural “superstition” and CCP’s anti-superstition claims. The four different ways to tell the ghost story testify that the CCP’s construction of a new rural culture rested on a foundation of underlying fascinations with ghosts, shamans, and exorcistic battles between officials and spirits. Rather ironically, the propaganda workers, who were on the frontlines to fight against superstition, barely fell under the female demon’s enchantment spells. As they moved the story from Party newspaper’s coverage to oral and visual performances, propaganda workers inadvertently put the Party’s claim to the heavenly mandate by the power of “superstitions.”
Moral and Immoral Whiteness in Immigration Politics
Authors: Matos Yalidy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Immigration has been at the heart of U.S. politics for centuries. This book examines the inherent moral, value-based nature of white Americans’ immigration attitudes. The book tests a theory about the centrality of morality with a series of empirical models that take advantage of public opinion survey data as well as the roll call votes of elected officials. Ultimately, the book argues that white Americans’ immigration attitudes are at bottom moral choices. The moral choice that whiteness affords, that not all racial groups have, is the choice to continue to produce and reproduce a system structured on white supremacy or to repudiate it. In this project, the book asks under what conditions do whites choose to lean toward reproducing whiteness and/or repudiating it and what role does whites’ socialization play in the moral choices whites make about immigration. The notable contribution of this book to the field of immigration is that it uniquely argues that not only does whiteness structure immigration but that immigration attitudes are inherently moral choices—choices that are learned through the socialization of group norms and continually dictated by partisanship and whiteness. White identity, identification, and whiteness undergird these moral narratives in varying ways. The immigration choices made by whites move toward either reproducing whiteness or repudiating it within the continuum of white supremacy. In this current climate, as immigration continues to be weaponized to divide, it is important to understand the roots of immigration attitudes in the United States.
Enacting Whiteness through State-Level Immigration Laws
Authors: Matos Yalidy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter uses original roll call data to examine the consequences of whites’ decision-making in electing state-level representatives who make decisions about how immigration is enforced in their state. These policies have detrimental consequences for immigrant communities and those perceived as foreigners, in that they dictate daily life and mobility with (anti-sanctuary) or without (sanctuary) fear of punishment. The chapter links white Americans’ individual moral choices to elect certain representatives over others, who then vote on immigration legislation structured by white supremacy. The discussion is grounded in the historical link between the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 and Northern Liberty Laws and anti- and pro-sanctuary legislation to further argue how whiteness structures immigration legislation aimed at controlling and surveilling non-white mobility to maintain the racial status quo. Ultimately, the chapter finds that representatives who serve more non-Hispanic whites are more likely to vote against sanctuary policies.
Research in BDSM
Authors: Weinberg Thomas S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“Research in BDSM: 40 Years Along” reviews work in BDSM studies since 2006, selectively focusing on research in areas and populations that had not been previously covered and work that the author felt significantly advanced previous knowledge. The chapter is organized topically, examining research in the etiology of BDSM done by evolutionary biologists, studies of the personality characteristics of BDSMers, gender and BDSM roles, negotiating consent and power exchange, BDSM subcultures, affiliation, support and belonging, BDSM communities and social control, and the development of a BDSM identity. Summaries of present knowledge are provided at the end of each topic, and a conclusion presents suggestions for additional research topics.
Navigating Dissonant Desires
Authors: Cardoso Daniel , Pascoal Patrícia M. , Quaresma Rita 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks at the potential romantic relationship challenges posed to kink-identified people and how they connect with identity development and individual well-being. By thematically analyzing the survey responses of 87 kinky Portuguese respondents, the researchers identified challenges across three interconnected main themes: (1) intrapersonal, (2) interpersonal, and (3) societal. The chapter also approaches how respondents deploy an array of strategies to cope with those challenges, mostly connected to communication and stigma management. Overall, this work will allow clinicians, educators, and the public at large to become more aware of the specific needs of this group and how current limitations in research, education, and healthcare impact individuals’ emotional and sexual well-being.
Kinky, Swinky, and PolyKink
Authors: Stewart Marla Renee 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Kink has had some culture-shifting impacts on various communities, including Black communities in the South, non-monogamous communities, and mainstream communities. These personal and professional reflections discuss the intersectionality of kink and other various identities and how kink has pervaded these communities for the better. Within Black communities, its influence has been helpful in being considered less taboo and more embraced within the culture of Black kink, especially among folks who identify as LGBTQIA+. In swinging communities, kink has helped people to learn and navigate consent, as well as negotiate sex. In polyamorous communities, one sees communication crossovers, as well as collective identity understandings. In mainstream communities, one sees aftercare making a debut and, overall, how it is contributing to the greater good of people’s sexual lives.
Rich as Diogenes
Authors: Roubineau Jean-Manuel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Holding that the pursuit of glory, power, and wealth is a source of endless frustration, creating lives that ultimately are unsatisfying and self-defeating, Diogenes espoused extreme poverty. He claimed that the wealthy see themselves as continually needing more of everything and live in permanent fear of losing what they have, while poverty teaches one to be secure with little and self-sufficient, hence free from anxiety. Testimonia about Diogenes’s economic treatise, On Wealth, suggest that it can plausibly be taken to be part of a shift on the part of ancient Greek philosophers away from emphasizing sound management principles (oikonomia) to exploring the basic moral assumptions of a household, on the one hand, and the proper government of cities, on the other. Additionally, Diogenes transformed the practice of begging into a reciprocal economic arrangement: in return for asking for alms, he dispensed moral instruction.
Pagan Inscriptions, Christian Viewers
Authors: Sitz Anna M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
What did people in the early Christian period (4th–7th century ce) think about the ancient, pagan inscriptions filling their cities? Why, for example, is the famous Res Gestae of the “divine” Augustus almost perfectly preserved on the walls of a temple in Ankara in Asia Minor, even though the city became a Christian imperial center? The prima facie explanation—that late Romans ignored the older epigraphic material around them—is proven untrue in this book. By gathering both literary and archaeological evidence, this study indicates that early Christians (and late pagans, Jews) in the eastern Mediterranean interpreted older inscriptions in Greek and other languages through their own worldviews. After establishing the modes of reading ancient inscriptions in the textual sources, the book presents a series of archaeological case studies spanning from Greece to Egypt, which reveal three possible reactions to epigraphic material—preservation, spoliation, and erasure—at pagan sanctuaries, the physical and discursive spaces in which the “culture wars” of early Christian hegemony were fought. Intersecting with research on spolia, damnatio memoriae, and the fates of pagan statues, this book makes a critical intervention in the fields of epigraphy and archaeology by arguing for the transtemporal agency of inscriptions. It adds a new facet to the study of “Christianization” in the Roman world by proposing that ancient inscriptions contributed to broader attitudes about the (pagan) past in late antiquity, attitudes that continued to color how people in the medieval period and beyond evaluated classical patrimony.
Spoliation
Authors: Sitz Anna M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 continues the archaeological case studies by turning to sanctuaries where inscriptions ended up as spolia, that is, reused building material. While the use of spolia has sometimes been viewed as a triumphalist act heralding the victory of Christianity, the way that inscribed blocks were reused in churches and, in one case, a synagogue does not support such an interpretation. Nor did builders completely ignore inscriptions when they appropriated them as building material: at several sites, inscriptions were clearly taken into account during the construction process, even if their pagan content was moderated in some way, such as through scrambling or hiding. This chapter investigates the construction decisions that resulted in the protection or display of inscribed spolia and the ways these texts intersected with local identity formation.
Conclusion
Authors: Sitz Anna M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The concluding chapter emphasizes that most viewers throughout the centuries read inscriptions not as epigraphers do, with a focus on historical accuracy, but rather through the lens of their own time, place, and cultural expectations. Furthermore, the continued vitality of ancient inscriptions in late antiquity has been overlooked in part because of a scholarly fixation on spolia to the exclusion of stones preserved in place. These inscriptions, spoliated or not, created the composite, intertextual epigraphic landscapes of late antique cities and sanctuaries. The afterlives of inscriptions paralleled to some degree those of pagan statues, but divergent ontologies of words and images in this period also resulted in different treatment of these two media. Finally, this chapter underlines once more that the inscriptions considered in this book proclaimed overwhelmingly civic messages, and this was still intelligible in late antiquity. Indeed, the decisions made about epigraphic material in that period resulted in the astounding preservation of thousands of inscriptions, which has enabled the development of the highly specialized field of epigraphy today.
Taking Time Seriously
Authors: Allen Barry 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter is about time, the fundament of Bergson’s philosophy. He criticizes theories that “spatialize” time and unfolds his alternative understanding of duration. Bergson and Einstein had a fractious dispute, though carefully considered they disagree on little. Bergson uses his conclusions about time to refute determinism by showing that the classical proofs of determinism fallaciously apply spatial thought to consciousness. Bergson’s idea of intuition is a development of his thought on duration. We are not aware of temporal continuity through external sense; we see and hear only where events stop or start, not the continuity of their movement, which we experience only through sympathetic intuition. Bergson’s thought on duration resonates with the Daoist understanding of the dao, a point on which a final section of the chapter expands.
Making Memory Matter
Authors: Allen Barry 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In Matter and Memory, Bergson introduces theories of perception and memory that feature his concept of the virtual. Perception is virtual action and memory is virtual experience. Virtual existence is the mode of being common to tendencies, dispositions, generalities, and habits, as well as memories and the past itself. Bergson’s theory of memory is an alternative to practically everything psychology and philosophy have said on this topic. Memories are not traces, an inappropriate spatial concept; instead, they express the effectiveness of the past in the present. The chapter details Bergson’s ideas on the mind-body problem, the relation of brain and consciousness, his unique panpsychism, his critique of notions of chaos and nothingness, and implications of his arguments for physical thought on entropy and quantum entanglement.
Élan Vital
Authors: Allen Barry 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses Creative Evolution, Bergson’s most widely read and controversial book. A look at the history of vitalism exposes the misunderstanding of Bergson as a vitalist. His opposition to Darwin is opposition to mechanical biology, though his arguments are not entirely successful. Élan vital is Bergson’s term for an event that initiated with terrestrial life, unleashing an immanent tendency that presses life to all its diversity. Intelligence and instinct are two lines in which evolution has been most progressive, culminating respectively in human beings and the Hymenoptera. Humanity is challenged to advance the vital élan, which can no longer progress through speciation, requiring instead the deliberate efforts of science and technology. Evolution includes cosmology, where Bergson’s ideas anticipate features of the later Big Bang theory. Bergson and Nietzsche were pioneers in evolutionary epistemology, and the chapter closes with a comparison of their ideas on being, becoming, and eternal return.
Comparative Contexts
Authors: Driessen Michael D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the data and methodology employed for the case studies. In order to do that, the chapter begins by offering an overview of the political and religious contexts of the four countries sponsoring the interreligious dialogue efforts studied in this book, namely, Algeria, Lebanon, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. The chapter presents data from the Arab Barometer and the World Values Surveys to contextualize social support for religious politics and democracy across the region. The second half of the chapter introduces the survey instrument designed for interviews with interreligious dialogue participants in each of the four cases and discusses how the data was analyzed.
The Adyan Foundation (Lebanon)
Authors: Driessen Michael D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case study of the Adyan Foundation in Lebanon. Drawing on surveys and fieldwork conducted in the country, the chapter focuses on the history of the Foundation in Lebanon and the lived experience of youth participants in the organization’s dialogue activities. The chapter highlights the development of key conceptual categories that Adyan has developed to connect their experience of dialogue to their work within civil society, including, particularly, spiritual solidarity, religious social responsibility, and inclusive citizenship. The case study considers the attractiveness of dialogue activity in contemporary Lebanese society and explores how participation in dialogue activities have both impacted individuals’ religious and social lives and shaped their political worldviews and actions.