bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment efficacy of diet and exercise program for fatty liver and pretreatment predictors
Authors: Akuta Norio , Kawamura Yusuke , Fujiyama Shunichiro , Nakamichi Kenichi , Saegusa Eiji , Ogura Hidetoshi , Kato Masaki , Doi Etsuko , Inoue Naoko , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Mariko , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Kumada Hiromitsu , Suzuki Fumitaka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsBoth diet and exercise counseling are recommended for patients with fatty liver, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), to achieve weight loss goals. However, data evaluating treatment efficacy are limited.MethodsThe subjects of this retrospective cohort study were 186 consecutive Japanese cases with fatty liver diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Treatment efficacy and predictive factors of “Hospitalization Program for Improvement Purpose for Fatty Liver” as a combined diet and aerobic and resistance exercise program were evaluated according to the hospitalization group (153 cases) or the no hospitalization group (33 cases). To balance the confounding biases, treatment efficacy was evaluated using propensity score‐matched analysis. In the hospitalization group, a diet of 25–30 kcal/kg multiplied by ideal body weight (BW) daily and aerobic and resistance exercise (exercise intensity of 4–5 metabolic equivalents daily, respectively) were performed for 6 days.ResultsIn liver function tests and BW at 6 months compared with baseline, the rates of decrease of the hospitalization group (24 cases) were significantly higher than those of the no hospitalization group (24 cases), using propensity score‐matched analysis. In markers of glycolipid metabolism and ferritin levels, the rates of the hospitalization group were not different from those of the no hospitalization group. In the hospitalization group (153 cases), multivariate regression analysis identified the etiology of non‐NAFLD, the presence of diabetes mellitus, and large waist circumference as independent predictors of decreased rates of hemoglobin A1c levels.ConclusionThe diet and exercise program for fatty liver improved liver function tests and BW. Further study should be performed to develop a feasible and suitable program.
One for all, all for one: neuro‐HIV multidisciplinary platform for the assessment and management of neurocognitive complaints in people living with HIV
Authors: Damas José , Darling Katharine E. A. , Bidlingmeyer Phanie , Nadin‐Debluë Isaure , Bieler Mélanie , Vollino Lidia , Sokolov Arseny A. , Berney Alexandre , Maccaferri Giorgio , Filippidis Paraskevas , Viala Benjamin , Granziera Cristina , Dunet Vincent , Du Pasquier Renaud , Cavassini Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith ageing, comorbidities such as neurocognitive impairment increase among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, addressing its multifactorial nature is time‐consuming and logistically demanding. We developed a neuro‐HIV clinic able to assess these complaints in 8 h using a multidisciplinary approach.MethodsPeople living with HIV with neurocognitive complaints were referred from outpatient clinics to Lausanne University Hospital. Over 8 h participants underwent formal infectious disease, neurological, neuropsychological and psychiatric evaluations, with opt‐out magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture. A multidisciplinary panel discussion was performed afterwards, with a final report weighing all findings being produced.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2019, a total of 185 PLWH (median age 54 years) were evaluated. Of these, 37 (27%) had HIV‐associated neurocognitive impairment, but they were mainly asymptomatic (24/37, 64.9%). Most participants had non‐HIV‐associated neurocognitive impairment (NHNCI), and depression was prevalent across all participants (102/185, 79.5%). Executive function was the principal neurocognitive domain affected among both groups (75.5% and 83.8% of participants impaired, respectively). Polyneuropathy was found in 29 (15.7%) participants. Abnormalities in MRI were found in 45/167 participants (26.9%), being more common among NHNCI (35, 77.8%), and HIV‐1 RNA viral escape was detected in 16/142 participants (11.2%). Plasma HIV‐RNA was detectable in 18.4% out of 185 participants.ConclusionsCognitive complaints remain an important problem among PLWH. Individual assessment from a general practitioner or HIV specialist is not enough. Our observations show the many layers of HIV management and suggest that a multidisciplinary approach could be helpful in determining non‐HIV causes of NCI. A 1‐day evaluation system is beneficial for both participants and referring physicians.
Additive manufacturing of B4C‐W‐based composites via fused deposition molding using highly filled granular feedstocks
Authors: Yi Zhonghuai , Sun Yi , Zhang Ning , Xiong Huiwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe miniaturization and mobility of nuclear reactors have become an important trend in the development of nuclear energy. In order to simplify the design of shielding materials with improved complexity and reduced weight, 3D B4C‐W‐based composites were fabricated via fused deposition molding using highly‐filled granular feedstocks containing 62 vol% B4C‐W powders (boron carbide accounted for 30 wt% and tungsten for 70 wt%) and 38 vol% polymer binders (60 wt% Carnauba wax, 22 wt% polypropylene, 13 wt% polystyrene, and 5 wt% stearic acid). The rheological properties and microstructure of the feedstock and extruded filaments were clarified. Roles of the printing parameters including extrusion temperature, platform temperature and deposited‐layer height in the morphology of 3D composites were investigated in detail. Extruded filaments with good shape retention, dense fracture surface, and uniformly dispersed B4C‐W grains were achieved, benefiting from the smooth printing and shear thinning behaviour of the feedstock. Defects including warping, small pores or stacking pores could be formed under improper printing parameters, owing to the poor bonding strength between deposited layers induced by thermal internal stress or decomposition of wax. 3D composites with large size of 130 × 130 × 5 mm were fabricated, which showed a satisfactory compressive strength of 34.8 MPa. This work showed a facile route to fabricate 3D radiation shielding materials based on highly‐filled polymers.
Development and psychometric property testing of a Medical Device‐related Pressure Injuries Knowledge and Practice Assessment Tool
Authors: Demirer Erdinç , Karadağ Ayişe , Aktan Derya Çobanoğlu , Çakar Vildan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsWe aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of a Medical Device‐related Pressure Injuries Knowledge and Practice Assessment Tool.BackgroundAssessment of nurses' knowledge and practices is critical in the prevention of Medical Device‐related Pressure Injuries.DesignThis was an instrument development and testing study.MethodsThe sample of the study consisted of nurses (n = 189). The study was conducted in three phases between January and February 2021. In the first phase, multiple‐choice items contained within Aetiology/Risk Factors, Prevention Interventions, and Staging domains were created. In the second phase, content validity and criterion validity were evaluated, and the tool was pre‐tested. The third phase examined item difficulty, discrimination index and distractor quality. The test–retest method was used for reliability.ResultsThe Content Validity Index was found to be 0.75, 0.86 and 0.96 for the domains of Aetiology/Risk Factors, Prevention and Staging, respectively. The item difficulty values of the items were between 0.18 and 0.96. A positive, strong and significant relationship was found between the results and a positive, moderate and significant relationship between the tools administered for the proof of scale validity. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was found to be 0.54.ConclusionsThe tool is a suitable measurement instrument for use in nursing education, research and clinical settings.
Time spent on social media use and BMI z‐score: A cross‐sectional explanatory pathway analysis of 10798 14‐year‐old boys and girls
Authors: Foubister Campbell , Jago Russell , Sharp Stephen J. , van Sluijs Esther M. F. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackgroundThe association between adolescent time spent on social media use and body mass index z‐score (BMI z‐score) is unclear. Pathways of association and sex differences are also unclear. This study examined the association between time spent on social media use and BMI z‐score (primary objective) and potential explanatory pathways (secondary objective) for boys and girls.MethodsData are from 5332 girls and 5466 boys aged 14 years in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. BMI z‐score was regressed on self‐reported time spent on social media use (h/day). Potential explanatory pathways explored included dietary intake, sleep duration, depressive symptoms, cyberbullying, body‐weight satisfaction, self‐esteem, and well‐being. Sex‐stratified multivariable linear regression and structural equation modelling were used to examine potential associations and explanatory pathways.ResultsUsing social media for ≥5 h/day (vs. <1 h/day) was positively associated with BMI z‐score for girls (β [95% CI]) (0.15 [0.06, 0.25]) (primary objective, multivariable linear regression). For girls, the direct association was attenuated when sleep duration (0.12 [0.02, 0.22]), depressive symptoms (0.12 [0.02, 0.22]), body‐weight satisfaction (0.07 [−0.02, 0.16]), and well‐being (0.11 [0.01, 0.20]) were included (secondary objective, structural equation modelling). No associations were observed for boys and potential explanatory pathway variables were not examined.ConclusionsIn girls, high time spent on social media use (≥5 h/day) was positively associated with BMI z‐score, and this association was partially explained by sleep duration, depressive symptoms, body‐weight satisfaction, and well‐being. Associations and attenuations between a self‐reported summary variable of time spent on social media use and BMI z‐score were small. Further research should examine whether time spent on social media use is related to other adolescent health metrics.
Regulation of migrant entrepreneurship: The strained conjunction of laws, policies and practices
Authors: Solano Giacomo , Ram Monder , Rath Jan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe are struck by a curious paradox: the flourishing discourse on migrant entrepreneurship is replete with references to the regulatory environment; yet the precise ways in which regulations exert influence is rarely spelt out. This task is all the more urgent because policymakers are alighting on the fact that migrants often turn to self‐employment to make their way in destination societies. Yet, the extent to which regulations – comprising laws and governmental and non‐governmental policy measures and practices – is poorly understood. This special section aims at filling this gap by adopting a theoretically informed analytical perspective to understand the role of regulation in migrant entrepreneurship. Articles in this special section analyse the nature of laws, policies and practices, the factors of success/failure of these, the role of governmental and non‐governmental actors, and the effect of different welfare regimes and governance conditions.
Public health and social measures during health emergencies such as the COVID‐19 pandemic: An initial framework to conceptualize and classify measures
Authors: Rehfuess Eva A. , Movsisyan Ani , Pfadenhauer Lisa M. , Burns Jacob , Ludolph Ramona , Michie Susan , Strahwald Brigitte 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPublic health and social measures (PHSM) intend to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases and to reduce the burden on health systems, economies and societies. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, PHSM have been selected, combined and implemented in a variable manner and inconsistently categorized in policy trackers. This paper presents an initial conceptual framework depicting how PHSM operate in a complex system, enabling a wide‐reaching description of these measures and their intended and unintended outcomes.MethodsIn a multi‐stage development process, we combined (i) a complexity perspective and systems thinking; (ii) literature on existing COVID‐19 PHSM frameworks, taxonomies and policy trackers; (iii) expert input and (iv) application to school and international travel measures.ResultsThe initial framework reflects our current understanding of how PHSM are intended to achieve transmission‐related outcomes in a complex system, offering visualizations, definitions and worked examples. First, PHSM operate through two basic mechanisms, that is, reducing contacts and/or making contacts safer. Second, PHSM are defined not only by the measures themselves but by their stringency and application to specific populations and settings. Third, PHSM are critically influenced by contextual factors. The framework provides a tool for structured thinking and further development, rather than a ready‐to‐use tool for practice.ConclusionsThis conceptual framework seeks to facilitate coordinated, interdisciplinary research on PHSM effectiveness, impact and implementation; enable consistent, coherent PHSM monitoring and evaluation; and contribute to evidence‐informed decision‐making on PHSM implementation, adaptation and de‐implementation. We expect this framework to be modified and refined over time.
Molluscs, morphology, and metaphor in Pablo Neruda's STEAMiest poem
Authors: Wonham Marjorie , Wasson Curtis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe growing enthusiasm for STEAM (STEM + Arts) initiatives reflects the rich potential for inquiry and integration between arts and sciences. Biologically informed poetry is an active interdisciplinary area of creation and analysis that requires biologically attuned illustration and translation to retain its STEAM effectiveness across linguistic barriers. Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet and Nobel laureate, was a keen observer and informed scholar who wove his scientific knowledge into his poetry. He was particularly obsessed with the sea and featured marine invertebrates in many of his works. The molluscs in his poem “Mollusca Gongorina” are unusual in being specified by their Latin genera. In this zoopoetic analysis, we first ask whether the 11 specimens can be identified to species and find that eight have ready identifications based on morphology in the poem's text, and three have likely identifications based on the poem's themes. We then examine illustrations and translations of the poem, identify where they are consonant or dissonant with the biology of the original, and propose alternative translations informed by the species' identities. Our zoopoetic approach to what could today be considered a STEAMy poem surfaces the beauty of its imagery and narrative, reflects the biological sophistication of the poet, enhances the coherence of its translations making it accessible to a wider audience, and allows it to enhance the biological literacy of the reader.
Understanding heterogeneity in suicidal thoughts and behaviours and the implications for genetic studies – a commentary on Lannoy et al. (2022)
Authors: Mirza Salahudeen , Docherty Anna R. , Monson Eric T. , Coon Hilary , Keeshin Brooks , Fries Gabriel R. 
Published: March 2023

Preventing suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB) among youth is a global public health priority. STB are known to have a heritable basis, and the development of risk for STB likely arises from complex gene–environment interactions across the life course. Lannoy et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63, 2022 and 1164) describe a study in which polygenic risk for suicide attempt, as well as recent negative life events, were related to recent suicidal ideation in adolescents of about 17 years old. Building on this important work, we highlight several critical areas of focus for research in suicide genetics, including problems of measurement, as well as priorities for better uncovering the specific aetiological pathways to STB.
Quantifying hydraulic roughness in a riparian forest using a drag force‐based method
Authors: Sharpe Richard Gordon , Brooks Andrew , Olley Jon , Kemp Justine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFlow resistance through riparian forests due to drag on trees is often expressed in hydraulic models with an increase in a boundary resistance factor such as Manning's n. However, when Manning's n is used as a proxy for vegetation drag, this parameter is dependent on flow conditions and a single, uniform value may be inadequate for simulating a broad range of flood magnitudes. To investigate this issue, flow resistance, and the commensurate Manning's n values through a riparian forest were computed using measured drag forces and estimates of the forest structure and tree morphology. The computed Manning's n values were applied to a 2D hydraulic model (TUFLOW) to simulate an observed flood and a range of design floods. Modelled peak flood levels for the observed flood were 0.16 m lower on average than that recorded at debris marks. There was little difference in modelled flood levels when using the computed Manning's n compared to a traditional, uniform Manning's n. Reassuringly, the traditional method appears adequate when reliable calibration data is available. Otherwise, the method developed here provides a useful alternative in cases where calibration data is limited or for testing reforestation as a nature‐based solution in river or flood management.
Skeletal muscle atrophy is exacerbated by steatotic and fibrotic liver‐derived TNF‐α in senescence‐accelerated mice
Authors: Shirakami Yohei , Kato Junichi , Maeda Toshihide , Ideta Takayasu , Imai Kenji , Sakai Hiroyasu , Shiraki Makoto , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough liver diseases, including non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, are associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, the mechanism behind their association has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of aging and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis on the skeletal muscle, and the interaction between the liver and muscle were investigated using a diet‐induced non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis model in senescence‐accelerated mice.MethodsA total of four groups of senescence‐accelerated mice and the control mice were fed either a non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis‐inducing or control diet, and their livers and skeletal muscles were removed for examinations.ResultsIn the senescence‐accelerated/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis group, serum level of alanine aminotransferase was markedly elevated and histopathology of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis was significant. Skeletal muscles were also markedly atrophied. The expression of the ubiquitin ligase Murf1 in the muscle was significantly increased with muscle atrophy, while that of Tnfa was not significantly different. In contrast, the hepatic Tnfa expression and serum TNF‐α levels were significantly increased in the senescence‐accelerated/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis group. These results suggest that liver‐derived TNF‐α might promote muscle atrophy associated with steatohepatitis and aging through Murf‐1. The metabolomic analysis of skeletal muscle indicated higher spermidine and lower tryptophan levels in the steatohepatitis‐diet group.ConclusionsThe findings of this study revealed an aspect of liver–muscle interaction, which might be important in developing treatments for sarcopenia associated with liver diseases.
Proposal of a common terminology for the neuropsychological rehabilitation
Authors: Pinto Joana O. , Peixoto Bruno , Dores Artemisa R. , Barbosa Fernando 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe literature on neuropsychological intervention (NI) uses a variety of terms to refer to equivalent constructs, making it difficult to compare intervention programmes and their outcomes. The purpose of this work is to propose a unified terminological framework for describing NI programmes. The terminological framework was developed based on a previous proposal for common terminology by Johnstone and Stonnington (Rehabilitation of neuropsychological disorders: A practical guide for rehabilitation professionals. Psychology Press, 2011) and driven by Cognitive Psychology concepts. The terminological framework was organized into two sections: (a) NI, which includes types of NI, methods and approaches, instructional methods, and strategies; and (b) neurocognitive functions, which includetemporal and spatial orientation,sensation,perception,visuo‐constructional abilities,attention,memory,language,reasoning of several sorts(e.g., abstract reasoning, and numerical reasoning), andexecutive functions. Most NI tasks target a main neurocognitive function, but there are underlying neurocognitive functions that may impair performance in the former. Since it is difficult to create a task that is solely focused on one neurocognitive function, the proposed terminology should not be viewed as a taxonomy, but rather as dimensional, with the same task allowing to work different functions, in varying grades. Adopting this terminological framework will allow to define the targeted neurocognitive functions more accurately and simplify the comparison between NI programmes and their outcomes. Future research should focus on describing the main techniques/strategies for each neurocognitive function and non‐cognitive interventions.
Prospective cohort study for postnatal cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants
Authors: Ogawa Ryo , Kasai Ayaka , Hiroma Takehiko , Tozuka Minoru , Inaba Yuji , Nakamura Tomohiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus that can cause congenital and postnatal infections. Postnatal CMV is mainly transmitted via breast milk and blood transfusions. Frozen–thawed breast milk is used to prevent postnatal CMV infection. A prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the infection rate, risk, and clinical findings of postnatal CMV infection.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included infants born at 32 weeks or earlier than the gestational age (GA). Participants were prospectively screened for infection in the urine by performing urine CMV DNA tests twice, that is, once within the first 3 weeks of life and again after 35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Postnatal CMV infection was defined as a case of CMV negative tests within 3 weeks of birth and CMV positive tests after 35 weeks PMA. CMV‐negative blood products were used for transfusions in all cases.ResultsA total of 139 patients were subjected to two urine CMV DNA tests. The prevalence of postnatal CMV infection was 5.0%. One patient died of sepsis‐like syndrome. The risk factors of postnatal CMV infection were younger GA and older age of the mother. The characteristic clinical findings of postnatal CMV infection were pneumonia.ConclusionsFrozen–thawed breast milk feeding is not fully effective in preventing postnatal CMV infection. The prevention of postnatal CMV infection is important to further improve the survival rate of preterm infants. Development of guidelines on breast milk feeding for the prevention of postnatal CMV infection is necessary in Japan.