bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new coat of paint: The bluewashing of justice reinvestment and realignment to community reinvestment
Authors: Dollar Christopher W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJustice reinvestment has been hailed as a solution to mass incarceration across the United States for nearly 20 years. It suggests that inefficiencies in the criminal justice system can be eliminated to reinvest money in high‐incarceration communities to reduce the correlates of crime. However, the implementations have focused on reinvesting criminal justice funds back into public safety, which has led to the “bluewashing” of justice reinvestment. Introduced here, bluewashing occurs when a justice agency that has historically poor social justice performance communicates positive justice performance after implementing a theoretically supported reform in name only. In actuality, the reform has been modified to suit their own continuance. A realignment of the logic and theoretical support of justice reinvestment is critical to produce reforms that can provide relief for states, agencies, and citizens that are promised by justice reinvestment. This work directly connects the justice reinvestment thesis with the spatial interconnectedness of poverty, education, employment, and housing with crime and recidivism. It argues that justice reinvestment is a crime prevention policy that can simultaneously reduce mass incarceration and empower millions of American citizens living in the United States' most brutal conditions.
Children's understanding of values as mental concepts: Longitudinal changes and association with theory of mind
Authors: Misgav Kinneret , Chomsky Anat , Daniel Ella 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigated the conceptualization of values as mental constructs at the beginning of middle childhood. Values describe aspirations guiding individuals in life. Although 6‐year‐olds report meaningful values, a past cross‐sectional study suggested they may conceptualize them in non‐mental terms. We interviewed children on their values at two time‐points (N = 299,Mage T1 = 7.25 years,Mage T2 = 7.94 years). Mental value conceptualization increased over time. Different value types were conceptualized in mental terms to a similar extent. At T2, self‐important values were conceptualized in mental terms less than not‐important ones. We also suggest that Theory of Mind (ToM) may be an underlying mechanism for the increased level of mental conceptualization over time. A cross‐lagged panel model indicated that T1 ToM predicted advances in T2 mental conceptualization, and T1 mental conceptualization predicted advances in T2 ToM. As children develop in their understanding of the social world, their values may transform from observable to mental, possibly making them better motivators of behavior.
Wetland‐type conversion drives the C, N and P stoichiometry change of soil in river plain of lower of the Yellow River
Authors: Lin Qingwei , Huai Zhiwen , Riaz Luqman , Liu Tongshuo , Wang Shishi , Li Yingchen , Bai Xiongxiong , Yan Guangxuan , Yu Fei , Ma Jianmin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLand use conversion on river plain has profound impacts on soil characteristics and elemental stoichiometry. Four wetland types (Riparian lower‐beach wetland [RLW], Riparian higher‐beach wetland [RHW], Cultivated wetland [CW] and Mesophytic wetland [MW]) were selected in the lower Yellow River area to investigate the consequence of wetland type conversion on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry. The results demonstrated that wetland conversion induced significant spatio‐temporal variations in soil C, N and P stoichiometry and physicochemical characteristics in soil. Frequent agricultural activities (fertilizer input) raised the nutrient content of natural wetland, particularly in surface soil (0–30 cm). Soil volumetric water content (VWC), soil bulk density (SBD), pH and soil enzyme activity varied significantly in different wetlands. Total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in MW decreased with increasing soil depth (<40 cm layers), as did TN and total phosphorus (TP) contents in CW. On the other hand, TC, TN and TP contents in RLW and RHW did not change significantly with soil depth. However, the contents of TOC, and Fe/Al‐P, etc., varied among soil layers and among wetland types. Furthermore, the stoichiometric characteristics changed significantly in some soil layers, with mean values being less than the Chinese average. Statistically, significant positive correlations were determined between TC and TN (r = .56), TDC and TP (r = .62), N:P and pH (r = .57) (p < .05) and and pH (r = .66, p < .01). VWC was negatively correlated with pH (r = −.56, p < .05), while C/P was negatively associated with soil temperature (ST) and SBD (r = −.55, r = −.64, p < .05). TDC, IP, TN, Fe/Al‐P and ST were identified as the dominant factors, with the percentage of variance 41%, 20%, 12%, 9% and 6% respectively. These findings have a great scientific significance for the ecological conservation of wetlands in the lower Yellow River area.
Multi‐response optimization of process parameters for remediation of tetrachloroethylene pools by surfactants: Application of Taguchi design of experiment and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Şahin Yıldız , Kasap Sedanur Selay , Akyol Gökçe , Akyol Nihat Hakan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWithin the scope of the study, the effectiveness of the experimental conditions was tested by performing a multi‐response Taguchi experimental design for the optimization of the minimum cost remediation performance with Tween 80, Methyl beta cyclodextrine (MCD) and Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from tetrachloroethylene (PCE) contaminated porous media. Tween 80, MCD and SDS were extensively used in cosmetic industry as emulsifier. Both time of remediation and cost of remediation were studied as two separate response variables in three replicate experiments conducted according to the Taguchi L9 orthogonal experimental design. In the multi‐response Taguchi analysis, the sensitivity analysis was performed by systematically changing the weights determined for two separate response variables in the calculation of total loss of quality (TNQLj). Optimum experimental conditions were determined with the help of the calculated multi‐response signal/noise (S/N) ratios (MRSN). The results show that the type of Flushing Agent is the most important factor in optimizing the remediation time and remediation cost for the removal of dense non‐aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) PCE mass. Flushing rate is considered to be the least contributing factor. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that all parameters used in the system had a significant effect on the experimental results and the Taguchi method could explain 97.15% of the Remediation Time and 92.03% of the Remediation Cost. Afterwards, the data obtained from the experiments performed according to the experimental design were modelled using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to estimate the remediation performance and remediation cost without performing new experiments.
Analytical solution of relativistic four quark bound systems
Authors: Shiri N. , Tazimi N. , Monemzadeh M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince in recent years most of the heavy tetraquarks are discovered by Belle, LHCb, BESIII, etc., it motivated us to study these exotic hadrons. To the extent of our knowledge about the mass characteristics of heavy tetraquarks, we utilize the spinless relativistic Bethe–Salpeter equation by applying the Cornell potential in order to calculate the eigenvalue and mass of heavy tetraquarks. For this purpose, we present an ansatz solution to obtained Schrödinger-like equation to calculate the ground-state energy of diquarks and tetraquarks. Eventually, we compare our obtained predictions for heavy tetraquark masses with available experimental and theoretical data.
Precision studies for string derived $$Z'$$ dynamics at the LHC
Authors: McEntaggart Andrew , Faraggi Alon E. , Guzzi Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider $$Z'$$

Z
′

s in heterotic string derived models and study $$Z'$$

Z
′

resonant production at the TeV scale at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We use various kinematic differential distributions for the Drell–Yan process at NNLO in QCD to explore the parameter space of such models and investigate $$Z'$$

Z
′

couplings. In particular, we study the impact of Z-$$Z'$$

Z
′

kinetic-mixing interactions on forward-backward asymmetry ($$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

) and other distributions at the LHC.
Classification of schizophrenia-associated brain regions in resting-state fMRI
Authors: Ahmad Fayyaz , Ahmad Iftikhar , Guerrero-Sánchez Yolanda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently, advances in neuroscience have attracted attention to the diagnosis, treatment, and damage to schizophrenia-associated brain regions using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). This research is immersed in the endowment of machine learning approaches for discriminating schizophrenia patients to provide a viable solution. Toward these goals, firstly, we implemented a two samplet-tests to find the activation difference between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The average activation in control is higher than the average activation of the patient. Secondly, we implemented the correlation technique to find variations on presumably hidden associations between brain structure and its associated function. Moreover, current results support the viewpoint that the resting-state function integration is helpful to gain insight into the pathological mechanism of schizophrenia. Finally, Lasso regression is used to find a low-dimensional integration of the rs-fMRI and their experimental results showed that SVM classifier surpasses nine algorithms provided the best results with good accuracy of 94%.
DT-DS: CAN Intrusion Detection with Decision Tree Ensembles
Authors: Mehta Jarul , Richard Guillaume , Lugosch Loren , Yu Derek , Meyer Brett H. 
Published: January 2023

The controller area network (CAN) protocol, used in many modern vehicles for real-time inter-device communications, is known to have cybersecurity vulnerabilities, putting passengers at risk for data exfiltration and control system sabotage. To address this issue, researchers have proposed to utilize security measures based on cryptography and message authentication; unfortunately, such approaches are often too computationally expensive to be deployed in real time on CAN devices. Additionally, they have developed machine learning (ML) techniques to detect anomalies in CAN traffic and thereby prevent attacks. The main disadvantage of existing ML-based techniques is that they either depend on additional computational hardware or they heuristically assume that all communication anomalies are malicious.
In this article, we show that tree-based learning ensembles outperform anomaly-based techniques like AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Z-Score when used to detect attacks that result in increased bus utilization. We evaluated the detection capacity of three tree-based ensembles, Adaboost, gradient boosting, and random forests, and collectively refer to these as DT-DS. We conclude that the decision tree ensemble with Adaboost performs best with an area under curve (AUC) score of 0.999, closely followed by gradient boosting and random forests with 0.997 and 0.991 AUC scores, respectively, when trained using message profiles. We observe that with an increase in the observation window, the DT-DS models present an average AUC score of 0.999, and offer a nearly perfect detection of attacks, at the cost of increased latency in detection of attacked messages. We evaluate the performance of the IDS for Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated– (ARINC) encoded CAN communication traffic in avionic systems, generated using an aerospace testbench, ARINC-825TBv2. The IDS has been evaluated against the active attacks of a state-of-the-art predictive attacker model. Additionally, we observed that the performance of IDS approaches such as ARIMA and Z-Score degrade considerably with a decrease in the size of the observation time window. In contrast, the performance of DT-DS models is consistent, with only an average drop of 0.005 in the AUC score.
FlatLSM: Write-Optimized LSM-Tree for PM-Based KV Stores
Authors: He Kewen , An Yujie , Luo Yijing , Liu Xiaoguang , Wang Gang 
Published: January 2023

The Log-Structured Merge Tree (LSM-Tree) is widely used in key-value (KV) stores because of its excwrite performance. But LSM-Tree-based KV stores still have the overhead of write-ahead log and write stall caused by slow

L
0

flush and

L
0

-

L
1

compaction. New byte-addressable, persistent memory (PM) devices bring an opportunity to improve the write performance of LSM-Tree. Previous studies on PM-based LSM-Tree have not fully exploited PM’s “dual role” of main memory and external storage. In this article, we analyze two strategies of memtables based on PM and the reasons write stall problems occur in the first place. Inspired by the analysis result, we propose FlatLSM, a specially designed flat LSM-Tree for non-volatile memory based KV stores. First, we propose PMTable with separated index and data. The PM Log utilizes the Buffer Log to store KVs of size less than 256B. Second, to solve the write stall problem, FlatLSM merges the volatile memtables and the persistent

L
0

into large PMTables, which can reduce the depth of LSM-Tree and concentrate I/O bandwidth on

L
0

-

L
1

compaction. To mitigate write stall caused by flushing large PMTables to SSD, we propose a parallel flush/compaction algorithm based on KV separation. We implemented FlatLSM based on RocksDB and evaluated its performance on Intel’s latest PM device, the Intel Optane DC PMM with the state-of-the-art PM-based LSM-Tree KV stores, FlatLSM improves the throughput 5.2× on random write workload and 2.55× on YCSB-A.
Number of Variables for Graph Differentiation and the Resolution of Graph Isomorphism Formulas
Authors: Torán Jacobo , Wörz Florian 
Published: January 2023

We show that the number of variables and the quantifier depth needed to distinguish a pair of graphs by first-order logic sentences exactly match the complexity measures of clause width and depth needed to refute the corresponding graph isomorphism formula in propositional narrow resolution.

Using this connection, we obtain upper and lower bounds for refuting graph isomorphism formulas in (normal) resolution. In particular, we show that if
k
is the minimum number of variables needed to distinguish two graphs with
n
vertices each, then there is an
n
O
(
k
) resolution refutation size upper bound for the corresponding isomorphism formula, as well as lower bounds of 2

k
-1

and
k
for the treelike resolution size and resolution clause space for this formula. We also show a (normal) resolution size lower bound of exp (Ω (
k
2
/
n
)) for the case of colored graphs with constant color class sizes.

Applying these results, we prove the first exponential lower bound for graph isomorphism formulas in the proof system SRC-1, a system that extends resolution with a global symmetry rule, thereby answering an open question posed by Schweitzer and Seebach.
The D1/D2-like receptor antagonist flupentixol and the D2-like receptor antagonist L-741626 decrease operant responding for nicotine and food and locomotor activity in male and female rats
Authors: Chellian Ranjithkumar , Behnood-Rod Azin , Wilson Ryann , Lin Karen , Wing-Yan King Grace , Bruijnzeel Adriaan W 
Published: January 2023

Background: The reinforcing properties of nicotine play a critical role in smoking and vaping. There is a need for treatments that decrease the reinforcing properties of nicotine and thereby improve smoking and vaping rates. Dopamine plays a role in the reinforcing properties of nicotine, but little is known about the role of dopamine D2-like receptors in nicotine intake and whether there are sex differences in the effects of dopaminergic drugs on nicotine intake. Aim: The goal of the present studies was to investigate the effects of the D1/D2-like receptor antagonist flupentixol and the D2-like receptor antagonist L-741626 on nicotine self-administration in male and female rats. Methods: The effects of flupentixol and L-741626 on operant responding for nicotine and food and locomotor activity in a small open field were investigated. Results: There were no sex differences in baseline nicotine intake. The D1/D2-like receptor antagonist flupentixol and the D2-like receptor antagonist L-741626 decreased operant responding for nicotine. Blockade of D1/D2-like receptors and blockade of D2-like receptors also decreased operant responding for food and decreased locomotor activity. Flupentixol induced a greater decrease in operant responding for food in males than females. However, in the other tests, there were no sex differences in the effects of the dopamine receptor antagonists. Conclusions: Blockade of D1/D2-like receptors with flupentixol and D2-like receptors with L-741626 decreases nicotine and food intake in rats of both sexes. These compounds also decrease locomotor activity which might be indicative of a sedative effect.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in urothelial bladder carcinoma in an Egyptian cohort: Clinical implication and prognostic significance
Authors: Sami Manal M , Sherief Mahmoud H , El-Abaseri Taghrid B , El-Sakka Ahmed I , El-Serafi Ahmed T 
Published: January 2023

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) has a particular importance in Egyptian patients due to aggressive behavior and absence of prognostic markers. Objective: To evaluate the expression of gene and protein expression of HER2 and epidermal growth factor (EGFR) in Egyptian patients with BC and ultimately to investigate their clinical implication and prognostic significance. Material and methods: The study was carried out on 46 patients with urothelial bladder BC. Tissue were obtained from transurethral resection ( N = 22) and radical cystectomy ( N = 24) specimens. The original hematoxylin and eosin slides were re-evaluated and the formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues which had sufficient tumor tissue (>75%) and minimal or absent tumor necrosis were selected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA extraction. Furthermore, five control biopsies were obtained from patients with cystitis. Follow-up data were retrieved from the medical records which included the treatment regimen, disease recurrence and/or progression, and survival. Results: EGFR and HER2 protein were overexpressed in 35% and 46% of patients respectively. EGFR was correlated with the tumor size, grade and pathological stage, with a similar trend for HER2. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with expression of any of the markers. Gene expression was significantly higher (10.6-folds) for EGFR and (21-folds) for HER2 in patients with BC in comparison to control patients. Survival analysis showed lower median disease-free survival in association with HER2 protein overexpression. Conclusions: Our data highlighted the prognostic significance of EGFR and HER in BC and proposed their possible use as predictive markers and potential therapeutic targets.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles trigger dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and repair dynamics in human alveolar cells
Authors: Anand Avnika Singh , Jain Khushbu , Chauhan Amitabh , Prasad Dipti N , Kohli Ekta 
Published: January 2023

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) are commonly used engineered NPs with extensive usage in consumer products, thus leading to direct exposure to humans. The direct route of exposure is through inhalation. Once inhaled, these particles accumulate in the lungs, increasing the chances of respiratory tract illness through cellular organelle damage. Zinc oxide nanoparticle-treated lung cells are reported to display cytotoxicity, increase DNA damage, and induce oxidative stress. The current study focused on the effects of ZnO NPs on mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion) in human lung epithelial cells (A549). The lung cells were exposed to ZnO NPs at 50 and 100 μg/ml concentrations, and their mitochondrial dynamics were assessed to understand the effects of the NPs. Treatment with ZnO NPs reduced the activity of mitochondrial complex I and complex III and altered mitochondrial structural and functional characteristics in a concentration-dependent manner. Zinc oxide nanoparticles exposure showed an increase in small and round-shaped mitochondria. The expression of various fission proteins (Drp1 and Fis1) and fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1) was altered upon exposure to ZnO NPs. Our studies showed dysfunction of the mitochondria induced by ZnO NPs. In fibroblast mitochondrial dynamics, fission symbolizes threshold damage. In this paper, we have shown that the mitochondrial fission phenotype increased upon exposure to ZnO NPs. The paper emphasizes that these particles enter mitochondria, triggering a stress response that results in the removal of mitochondria via fission. It provides relevant data for safety guidelines to ensure the safer use of these particles.
Relationship of Marianismo Beliefs With the Self-Care Behaviors of Mexican Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mendoza-Catalán Geu , D’Alonzo Karen , Domínguez-Chávez Claudia Jennifer , Villa-Rueda Alma Angélica , González-Ramírez Javier 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Mexican women have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and less compliance with T2DM self-care compared with Mexican men. The term marianismo refers to gender and religiocultural based beliefs that may be a barrier to self-care behaviors among Mexican women. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between marianismo beliefs and self-care behaviors in Mexican women with T2DM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among women with T2DM who attended primary care centers in Oaxaca, Mexico during 2019. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities and the Marianismo Beliefs Scale were used to measure diabetes self-care and marianismo beliefs, respectively. Results: Among the 547 participants, those with higher marianismo beliefs reported significantly lower scores in diabetes self-care, ( r = −.128), exercise ( r = −.150), self-monitoring of blood glucose ( r = −.119), foot care ( r = −.093), and oral hygiene ( r = −.114; all p < .01). Discussion: Findings suggest that Mexican women with strong marianismo beliefs are less likely to comply with T2DM self-care behaviors. Marianismo beliefs should be considered a potential risk factor for women’s health, since Mexican women may value the social recognition of maintaining these beliefs more than self-care.