bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical and H–O–Sr–B isotope signatures of Yangyi geothermal fields: implications for the evolution of thermal fluids in fracture-controlled type geothermal system, Tibet, China
Authors: Cao Rui , Dor Ji , Cai YongQiang , Chen XiaoLin , Mao Xiang , Meng Hui-ren 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh-temperature hydrothermal systems are mainly distributed in the north–south graben systems of southern Tibet as an important part of the Mediterranean–Tethys Himalayan geothermal belt in mainland China. As the largest unit capacity and second stable operating geothermal power station in China, Yangyi is the fracture-controlled type geothermal field in the center of Yadong–Gulu Graben. In this paper, hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics, isotope composition (δD and δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr and δ11B) of borehole water, hot springs, and surface river samples were analyzed. From the conservative elements (such as Cl− and Li+) and δD and δ18O values, the geothermal water of the Yangyi high-temperature geothermal field is estimated to be of meteoric origin with the contributions of chemical components of the magmatic fluid, which is provided by partially molten granite as a shallow magmatic heat source. According to logging data, the geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow value of the Yangyi high-temperature geothermal field are 6.48 ℃/100 m and 158.37 mW m−2, respectively. Combining the hydrothermal tracer experiment, 87Sr/86Sr and δ11B ratios obtained with gradually decreasing reservoir temperatures from the Bujiemu stream geothermal zone to Qialagai stream geothermal zone, we suggested the deep geothermal waters were mixed with local cold groundwater and then flow northeastward, forming the shallow reservoir within the crushed zone and intersect spot of faults in the Himalayan granitoid. Furthermore, in the process of ascent, the geothermal water is enriched in K+, Na+, and HCO3− during the interaction with underlying Himalayan granitoid and pyroclastic rocks that occur as wall rocks. The detailed description and extensive discussion are of great significance for the further exploitation and utilization of north–south trending geothermal belts in Tibet.
Pediatric firearm injury epidemiology at a level 1 trauma center from 2019 to 2021: including time of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Orantes Cynthia , Chan Hei Kit , Walter Daniel , Chavez Summer , Ugalde Irma T. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Firearms are a leading cause of death in children. The demand for firearms increased following COVID-19 “stay-at home orders” in March 2020, resulting in record-breaking firearm sales and background checks. We aim to describe the changes in pediatric firearm-related injuries, demographics, and associated risk factors at a Level 1 trauma center in Houston before and during the COVID 19 pandemic.

Results
The total number of pediatric firearm-related injury cases increased during March 15th to December 31st, 2020 and 2021 compared to the same time period in 2019 (104 verses 89 verses 78). The demographic group most affected across years were males (87% in 2019 vs 82% in 2020 and 87% in 2021) between 14 and 17 years old (83% in 2019 vs 81% in 2020 and 76% in 2021). There was an increase in firearm injuries among black youth across all years (28% in 2019 vs 41% in 2020 vs 49% in 2021). Injuries in those with mental illness (10% in 2019 vs 24% in 2020 vs 17% in 2021), and injuries where the shooter was a known family member or friend (14% in 2019 vs 18% in 2020 vs. 15% in 2021), increased from 2019 to 2020.

Conclusion
The total number of pediatric firearm-related injuries increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the previous year despite a decline in overall pediatric emergency department visits. Increases in pediatric firearm-related injuries in already vulnerable populations should prompt further hospital initiatives including counseling on safe firearm storage, implementation of processes to identify children at risk for firearm injuries, and continued research to mitigate the risk of injury and death associated with firearms in our community.
Study on synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid by reduction of 7-ketolithocholic acid in double aprotic solvents and molecular simulations
Authors: Dai Mohan , Xu Binpeng , Guo Qing , Wan Junfen , Cao Xuejun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is not only safer than chenodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, but also has a wide range of applications in Acute Kidney Injury and Parkinson’s Disease. The purpose of this experiment is to improve the conversion rate of 7-ketocholic acid (7K-LCA) and the yield of ursodeoxycholic acid in aprotic solvents during electrochemical reduction process. Three aprotic solvents were investigated as electrolytes. 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) has a stable five-membered ring structure, and 7K-LCA has undergone two nucleophilic reactions and “Walden” inversion, the 7K-LCK was stereoselectively reduced to UDCA. Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) and 1,3-methyl-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU) can be attacked by chloride ions to produce by-products. Molecular orbital theory-based simulations were conducted to study the reducibility of three aprotic solvents [hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), 1,3-methyl-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), and 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI)] in combination with experiments. Choose the best solvent based on the simulation results, the electrolysis reaction can be carried out by applying current and voltage when lithium chloride is used as electrolytes. Calculations using Materials Studio showed that Cu, Pb, Hg–Cu, and Ni exhibited the highest binding energies to the substrate in this system. Using Cu as the electrode when the solvent is a 1:1 mix of DMI and HMPA, the conversion rate of 7-ketocholic acid (could reach 98%, the yield of ursodeoxycholic acid was up to 80%. Under the same conditions, linear voltammetry was performed on the electrochemical workstation to study the electrolysis behavior, and the obtained results were consistent with the experiment.
Graphical Abstract
Prehabilitation for frail patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement: protocol for the Joint PREP feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Khalid Tanzeela , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Bertram Wendy , Culliford Lucy , England Clare , Henderson Emily , Jameson Catherine , Jepson Marcus , Palmer Shea , Whitehouse Michael R. , Wylde Vikki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Approximately, 8% of community-based adults aged ≥ 50 years in England are frail. Frailty has been found to be associated with poorer outcomes after joint replacement. Targeting frailty preoperatively via exercise and protein supplementation has the potential to improve outcomes for people undergoing joint replacement. Prior to proceeding with a randomised controlled trial (RCT), a feasibility study is necessary to address key uncertainties and explore how to optimise trial design and delivery.

Methods
The Joint PRehabilitation with Exercise and Protein (Joint PREP) study is a feasibility study for a multicentre, two-arm, parallel group, pragmatic, RCT to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of prehabilitation for frail patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement. Sixty people who are ≥ 65 years of age, frail according to the self-reported Groningen Frailty Indicator, and scheduled to undergo total hip or knee replacement at 2–3 hospitals in England and Wales will be recruited and randomly allocated on a 1:1 ratio to the intervention or usual care group. The usual care group will receive the standard care at their hospital. The intervention group will be given a daily protein supplement and will be asked to follow a home-based, tailored daily exercise programme for 12 weeks before their operation, in addition to usual care. Participants will be supported through six follow-up calls from a physiotherapist during the 12-week intervention period. Study questionnaires will be administered at baseline and 12 weeks after randomisation. Embedded qualitative research with patients will explore their experiences of participating, reasons for nonparticipation, and/or reasons for withdrawal or treatment discontinuation. Primary feasibility outcomes will be eligibility and recruitment rates, adherence to the intervention, and acceptability of the trial and the intervention.

Discussion
This study will generate important data regarding the feasibility of a RCT to evaluate a prehabilitation intervention for frail patients undergoing total hip and knee replacement. A future phase-3 RCT will determine if preoperative exercise and protein supplementation improve the recovery of frail patients after primary joint replacement.

Trial registration
ISRCTN11121506, registered 29 September 2022.
Bioequivalence clinical trial simulation: a case study of apalutamide administered in applesauce versus whole tablets
Authors: Yu Alex , Ackaert Oliver 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPatients who have difficulty swallowing apalutamide tablets may benefit from administration in a food vehicle that is easier to swallow. In a previous single-dose study conducted in healthy male volunteers (n = 12) a larger peak exposure was observed (+ 27.6%) for apalutamide in applesauce compared with whole tablets, despite a comparable extent of exposure (+ 5%). However, because apalutamide is taken daily which results in a 3–5 fold accumulation ratio, the observed 27.6% difference in peak exposure with single-dose administration may be reduced with multiple doses. To evaluate the difference in peak exposure under daily administration of apalutamide, bioequivalence trial simulations assessing the probability of success in demonstrating bioequivalence between the two administration methods after repeat dose and single-dose administration were conducted. Simulated pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles for the reference treatment were based on an established population PK model for apalutamide. Simulated profiles for test treatment were based on the same model but with a treatment covariate fitted to the PK observations of the single-dose study. The present analysis found that > 85% of simulated steady-state bioequivalence trials with 10 subjects or more comparing daily apalutamide administration in applesauce versus whole tablets met the 80–125% criteria for bioequivalence for both maximum concentration (Cmax,ss) and area under the concentration curve at steady state (AUC0–24 h,ss). Results of these clinical trial simulations suggest that the daily administration of 240 mg apalutamide in applesauce is bioequivalent to whole tablet administration.
Descriptive account of the first use of the LeVe CPAP System, a new frugal CPAP System, in adult patients with COVID-19 Pneumonitis in Uganda
Authors: Littlejohns Anna , Please Helen , Musasizi Racheal , Murdoch Stuart , Nampiina Gorret , Waters Ian , Birch William Davis , de Boer Gregory , Kapur Nikil , Ambrozi Tumwesigye , Carol Ninsiima , Noel Nakigudde , Parmar Jiten , Culmer Peter , Lawton Tom , Namulema Edith 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been a key treatment modality for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Globally, the demand for CPAP outstripped the supply during the pandemic. The LeVe CPAP System was developed to provide respiratory support for treatment of COVID-19 and tailored for use in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. Prior to formal trial approval, received in November 2021, these devices were used in extremis to support critically unwell adult patients requiring non-invasive ventilatory support.

Methods
This is a retrospective descriptive review of adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonitis, who were treated with advanced respiratory support (CPAP and/or high-flow nasal oxygen, HFNO) at Mengo Hospital, Uganda. Patients were treated with the LeVe CPAP System, Elisa CPAP and/or AIRVO™ HFNO. Treatment was escalated per standard local protocols for respiratory failure, and CPAP was the maximum respiratory support available. Data were collected on patient characteristics, length of time of treatment, clinical outcome, and any adverse events.

Results
Overall 333 patients were identified as COVID-19 positive, 44 received CPAP ± HFNO of which 43 were included in the study. The median age was 58 years (range 28–91 years) and 58% were female. The median duration of advanced respiratory support was 7 days (range 1–18 days). Overall (all device) mortality was 49% and this was similar between those started on the LeVe CPAP System and those started non-LeVe CPAP System devices (50% vs 47%).

Conclusions
The LeVe CPAP system was the most used CPAP device during the pandemic, bringing the hospital’s number of available HFNO/CPAP devices from two to 14. They were a critical resource for providing respiratory support to the sickest group of patients when no alternative devices were available. The devices appear to be safe and well-tolerated with no serious adverse events recorded. This study is unable to assess the efficacy of the LeVe CPAP System; therefore, formal comparative studies are required to inform further use.
A novel hybrid cybersecurity scheme against false data injection attacks in automated power systems
Authors: Hussain Shahbaz , Hussain S. M. Suhail , Hemmati Marziyeh , Iqbal Atif , Alammari Rashid , Zanero Stefano , Ragaini Enrico , Gruosso Giambattista 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe conventional power systems are evolving as smart grids. In recent times cyberattacks on smart grids have been increasing. Among different attacks, False Data Injection (FDI) is considered as an emerging threat that has significant impact. By exploiting the vulnerabilities of IEC 61850 Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) and Sampled Values (SV) attackers can launch different FDI attacks. In this paper, a real-time set up capable of simulating FDI on GOOSE and SV protocols is developed to evaluate the impact of such attacks on power grid. IEC 62351 stipulates cybersecurity guidelines for GOOSE and SV, but only at communication or Information Technology (IT) level. Hence there is a need to develop a holistic security both at IT and Operation Technology (OT) level. In this regard, a novel sequence content resolver-based hybrid security scheme suitable to tackle FDI attacks on GOOSE and SV is proposed. Furthermore, the computational performance of the proposed hybrid security scheme is presented to demonstrate its applicability to the time critical GOOSE and SV protocols.
Long-term fracture risk in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of early sustained DAS28-remission and restored function, progressive erosive disease, body mass index, autoantibody positivity and glucocorticoids. A cohort study over 10 years
Authors: Ajeganova Sofia , Andersson Maria , Forslind Kristina , Gjertsson Inger , Nyhäll-Wåhlin Britt-Marie , Svensson Björn , Hafström Ingiäld 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Risk of fragility fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increased. Disease-related inflammation in RA is associated with low Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However, effects of specific disease factors on fracture occurrence and whether or not such disease effects are independent of BMD are unknown.

Methods
Analysis of fracture outcome in the prospective cohort of 2557 patients with early RA (67% women, mean age 58.1 ± 15.6 years) during an observation period of 10.6 ± 4.7 years. In 602 patients BMD was measured at baseline. The first major fragility fractures were considered. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis, adjusted for traditional factors, prior fracture, disease activity and period of inclusion, were used to estimate the risk of the outcome.

Results
During follow-up fracture occurred in 352 patients (13.8%), a rate of 13/1000 p-y. A proportional risk reduction for the outcome was associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) at baseline, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, and over the first two years sustained Disease Activity Score (DAS28)-remission, DAS28-low disease activity and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) ≤ 0.5. The proportional risk elevation for fractures was associated with BMI ≤ 20 kg/m2, DAS28 at baseline, 6-month and at 1-year, cumulative DAS28 over the two years, RF, erosion score progression at 2-year, HAQ score and HAQ ≥ 1 at 6-month and 1-year and showed a trend for ACPA positivity. The estimated fracture risk was increased in users of glucocorticoids (GC), associated with a higher GC-dosage at follow-ups and a higher cumulative dosage over two years, independently of disease activity. With adjustment for BMD, there was no difference in fracture outcome by exposure to GC. The effects of a higher BMI, DAS28-remission and low HAQ ≤ 0.5 attained at 6-month of treatment initiation and sustained up to 2 years, RF, ACPA, and erosion score progression at 2-year were independent of low BMD.

Conclusions
This analysis supports importance of RA-specific risk factors in early RA for future major fragility fractures. Treat-to-target strategy and restored functional capacity in early RA-disease are important to prevent fractures. Autoantibody positivity, progressively erosive disease, and low weight could have additional value for personalized fracture preventive strategies in early RA.
Clinical diagnoses associated with a positive antinuclear antibody test in patients with and without autoimmune disease
Authors: Zanussi Jacy T. , Zhao Juan , Wei Wei-Qi , Karakoc Gul , Chung Cecilia P. , Feng QiPing , Olsen Nancy J. , Stein C. Michael , Kawai Vivian K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are antibodies present in several autoimmune disorders. However, a large proportion of the general population (20%) also have a positive test; very few of these individuals will develop an autoimmune disease, and the clinical impact of a positive ANA in them is not known. Thus, we test the hypothesis that ANA + test reflects a state of immune dysregulation that alters risk for some clinical disorders in individuals without an autoimmune disease.

Methods
We performed high throughput association analyses in a case–control study using real world data from the de-identified electronic health record (EHR) system from Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
The study population included individuals with an ANA titer ≥ 1:80 at any time (ANA +) and those with negative results (ANA-). The cohort was stratified into sub-cohorts of individuals with and without an autoimmune disease. A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) adjusted by sex, year of birth, race, and length of follow-up was performed in the study cohort and in the sub-cohorts. As secondary analyses, only clinical diagnoses after ANA testing were included in the analyses.

Results
The cohort included 70,043 individuals: 49,546 without and 20,497 with an autoimmune disease, 26,579 were ANA + and 43,464 ANA-. In the study cohort and the sub-cohort with autoimmune disease, ANA + was associated (P ≤ 5 × 10–5) with 88 and 136 clinical diagnoses respectively, including lupus (OR ≥ 5.4, P ≤ 7.8 × 10–202) and other autoimmune diseases and complications. In the sub-cohort without autoimmune diseases, ANA + was associated with increased risk of Raynaud’s syndrome (OR ≥ 2.1) and alveolar/perialveolar-related pneumopathies (OR ≥ 1.4) and decreased risk of hepatitis C, tobacco use disorders, mood disorders, convulsions, fever of unknown origin, and substance abuse disorders (OR ≤ 0.8). Analyses including only diagnoses after ANA testing yielded similar results.

Conclusion
A positive ANA test, in addition to known associations with autoimmune diseases, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis related disorders, is associated with decreased prevalence of several non-autoimmune diseases.
In vitro evaluation of antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum against Diplodia spp. phytopathogenics fungi
Authors: Hlaiem Sawssen , Yangui Islem , Ezzine Olfa , Ben Jamâa Mohamed Lahbib 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Trichoderma species are able to cause significant changes in the metabolism of host plants, by that means it trigger the plant growth and increasing plant defense to diverse fungal diseases. Trichoderma harzianum has been identified as potential biocontrol agent of many phytopathogenic fungi. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess in vitro antagonistic activity against three Diplodia isolates utilizing direct and remote confrontations methods.

Results
The results revealed that T. harzianum inhibited mycelial growth of the three phytopathogenic fungi compared to the untreated control. The percentage of growth inhibition of T. harzianum against Diplodia isolates ranged between 58 and 79% for direct confrontation and between 31 and 46% remote confrontation. Considerable antagonistic abilities of T. harzianum were exhibited against all tested Diplodia isolates. The results of both confrontations showed that the radial growth of the fungal pathogens was statistically significant (P < 0.001) and influenced by the antagonist on 6 days following incubation.

Conclusion
The findings may reveal a valuable knowledge that may be further used to find a suitable biological control contrariwise Botryosphaeria dieback caused by Diplodia species.
Role of imaging in falcotentorial meningiomas: a case report
Authors: Ebinesh A. , Agarwal Sheetal , Saxena Swarna , Sharma Rohin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare tumors that arise from the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium. Accurate preoperative imaging plays a crucial role in surgical planning and management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality for meningiomas. In this report, we present a case of type 1 falcotentorial meningioma and discuss the role of preoperative imaging and management.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old female patient presented with gradually progressive bilateral lower limb weakness. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed a circumscribed lobulated extraaxial lesion near the falcotentorial junction with an adjacent dural tail, consistent with a type 1 falcotentorial meningioma. Based on these radiological features, the patient was diagnosed with a type 1 falcotentorial meningioma. The patient was referred for neurosurgical evaluation for further management.

Conclusion
Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare tumors that require careful preoperative imaging and surgical planning. Radiological reporting should include the relationship of the tumor to the vein of Galen to aid neurosurgical approach. Complete surgical resection is the preferred therapy, but subtotal resection can be considered in certain cases.
Towards developing a segmentation method for cerebral aneurysm using a statistical multiresolution approach
Authors: Regaya Yousra , Amira Abbes , Dakua Sarada Prasad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe computer aided diagnosis (CAD) algorithms are considered crucial during the treatment planning of cerebral aneurysms (CA), where segmentation is the first and foremost step. This paper presents a segmentation algorithm in two-dimensional domain combining a multiresolution and a statistical approach. Precisely, Contourlet transform (CT) extracts the image features, while Hidden Markov Random Field with Expectation Maximization (HMRF-EM) segments the image, based on the spatial contextual constraints. The proposed algorithm is tested on Three-Dimensional Rotational Angiography (3DRA) datasets; the average values of accuracy, DSC, FPR, FNR, specificity, and sensitivity, are found to be 99.64%, 92.44%, 0.09%, 5.81%, 99.84%, and 93.22%, respectively. Both qualitative and quantitative results obtained show the potential of the proposed method.