bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Pattern of Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Enugu Nigeria
Authors: Chizoma I. Eneh, , Chinweoke A. Nwankwo , Chika J. Nwaezike-Okafor 
Published: April 2023

Aim: To identify the quantity of haemoglobin (Hb) ‘S’(HbS), ‘A2’(HbA2), ‘F’(HbF) and other Hb phenotypes of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) children in Enugu Nigeria using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC).
Introduction: The inheritance of two abnormal Hb genes one of which must be the Hb ‘S’ gene result in Sickle cell disease (SCD). Co-inheritance of two Hb S genes results in homozygous SCD/SCA), coinheritance of Hb ‘S’ with Hb ‘C’ gene gives HbSC disease and with β-thalassemia allele gives HbSβ-thalassemia (Hb S/β Th). SCA is the most common and most severe of the SCD. The phenotypic expressions of Hb vary unpredictably in the same individual and contribute to the varied clinical severity of SCA among other variables. It is therefore imperative to characterize the Hb variants in children with SCA for proper risk stratification necessary for best outcome management. HPLC is the most validated method for screening, detection and quantification of various Hb subtypes.
Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 75 SCA children aged 6 months to 17years, on follow-up at the clinic. Patients on hydroxyurea or who received blood transfusion within the previous four months were excluded. Following due ethical protocols, the D-10 HPLC machine (BIO-RAD D-10) was used to identfy the Hb phenotype in venous blood samples based on their ionic gradients and quantify them by the principle of variable absorbance. The participants’ sociodemographic data were recorded. Participants were grouped into 3 socioeconomic classes (SECs) as proposed by Oyedeji.
Results: There were 48 females (62.7%) and 27 males (37.3%) in age range 6 months – 17 years in lower (16.0%), middle (57.3%) and upper (26.7%) SECs. Majority had HbF below 10% (46.7%), HbS above 80% (43%) and HbA2 of 4% and below (84%). No other Hb variant was identified. The proportion with HbS/HbA2/HbF levels suggestive of beta thalassemia was 16%, 25% males compared to 10.6% females. Females had higher HbF levels while males had higher HbS and HbA2 levels. However the gender differences in HbF, HbS, HbA2 and SECs did not attain statistical significance. A significant negative relationship was found between age and HbF (r = -.424, p < .001) while a significant positive relationship between age and HbS (r = .287, p = .013) and between age and HbA2 (r = .265, p = .022).
Conclusion: Irrespective of gender, high HbS and low HbF levels at direct variance (HbS) and indirect variance (HbF) with age may be found in children with SCA. Observed Hb phenotypes suggest co-existent β- thalassaemia in this subset of southeast Nigerian SCA children.
Excavations beside Sruth a' Mhuilinn ('the Mill Stream'), Iona
Authors: O'Sullivan Jerry , Boardman Sheila , Tipping Richard 
Published: April 2023

Excavation beside Sruth a'Mhuilinn recorded a man-made, sub-rectangular pool cut into the gravels of the stream course, as well as a group of large post-pits. The pool was deliberately back-filled in the course of a recent reorganization of the site. There is no salient archaeological interpretation, but discussion considers whether this is the site of a modern horizontal water mill, and weighs this possibility in the light of the well-attested tradition for the use of Sruth a'Mhuilinn as a mill stream. The excavation was funded by Historic Scotland.
A Bronze Age burial ground at Longniddry, East Lothian
Authors: Baker Louise , Henderson David 
Published: April 2023

Rescue excavation of human remains was carried out at Evergreen, Longniddry, prompted by a chance discovery by workmen. Three crouched inhumations were found, one of which was in a cist. The disturbed and disarticulated remains of two further individuals were also identified. The burials were associated with a concentration of stones and pebbles which may have been the remains of a cairn. Radiocarbon dating yielded dates of 1690 to 1310 cal BC at 2-sigma range. Other burials identified during previous excavations indicate these burials are part of a more extensive Bronze Age burial ground.
The excavation of two burnt mounds and a wooden trough near Beechwood Farm, Inshes, Inverness, 1999
Authors: Cressey Michael , Strachan Richard , Church Mike , McGill Catherine , Tams Adrian 
Published: April 2023

An archaeological watching brief undertaken during topsoil stripping operations in the course of sewer construction led to the identification of two burnt mounds and a series of unrelated pits. Subsequent archaeological excavation of one of the mounds revealed the remains of a waterlogged timber trough, the contents of which afforded the preservation of environmental information concerning its use and later abandonment. The trough was radiocarbon dated to the late third millennium cal BC, placing it in the Early Bronze Age.
St Kilda: the pre-Improvement clachan
Authors: Fleming Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Archaeological studies of Hirta, the main island of the St Kilda archipelago to the west of the Western Isles of Scotland, have debated the location and character of the settlement demolished during the Improvement phase of the 1830s. This paper argues that archaeological evidence for the clachan is recoverable, and that it is in very good agreement with the drawings made by Acland and Atkinson in the early 19th century.
Occupational mapping of 1635 Edinburgh: an introduction
Authors: Allen Aaron M 
Published: April 2023

The focus of this study in occupational mapping is on combining locational data for early modern occupations with a contemporary town plan of Edinburgh, in order to study occupational distribution in the urban environment. Much work has recently been done on the social, economic and occupational structure of burghs, but very little has been done on the physical locations of the various work-types. By combining data from a 1635 tax roll with the corresponding section of the 1647 Gordon of Rothiemay map of Edinburgh, a new tool was formed for visualizing the distribution and physical patterns of urban occupations in the south-east quarter of Scotland’s capital.
Intermittent occupation and forced abandonment: excavation of an Iron Age promotory fort at Carghidown, Dumfries and Galloway
Authors: Toolis Ronan , Duffy Alan , Engl Rob , Evans J , Fouracre Lynne , Horstwood Matthew S , Hunter Fraser , Inglis Robin , Pashley V , Poller Tessa , Blair A Hunter 
Published: April 2023

Excavations at Carghidown demonstrate sporadic occupation of this promontory fort over a short period, during the late first millennium BC or early first millennium AD. The analysis of lead beads from this settlement adds support to growing evidence for copper mining in this area of Galloway at the time and suggests that the inhabitants were of some status within the local social hierarchy. The excavation also demonstrates that the site was only formally enclosed during the latter stages of its occupation and that within a year or two of this act of enclosure the ramparts were violently thrown down, the repair and construction of buildings within the settlement was abruptly halted and occupation ceased.
Excavations at Dunure Road, Ayrshire: a Bronze Age cist cemetery and standing stone
Authors: Duffy Paul R J , Finlay Nyree , MacGregor Gavin , McLaren Dawn , McKenzie Jo , Miller J , Ramsay Susan , Sheridan Alison , Smith Chris , Will Robert 
Published: April 2023

In March 2005, excavations were undertaken by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) at the Craig Tara Holiday Park, Dunure Road, Ayr in advance of proposed development. Two main archaeological sites were examined.
The first, a flat cist cemetery covered by an earthen mound, comprised 23 separate burial features of varying morphology from two separate phases of burial, including cists, pits and what has been interpreted as a ‘boat-shaped’ setting. Nine cremations and four possible inhumations were recovered from within the burial features as well as a range of material culture including Food Vessels, flint artefacts and a bone pin. Dating of cremated bone from the cists indicated that activity at the site stretched from the late third to the early second millennium BC.
The second site, a demolished or fallen standing stone, was located some 35m to the north and eastof the first. Although the sequence of monument construction and demolition is clear, the reasons forthe demolition of the stone are less so. However, a rare opportunity to date the stone was presentedwith the identification of a cremation deposit within the construction pit backfill. This indicated thatthe stone was constructed in the last quarter of the second millennium BC, suggesting a continuum ofactivity in the area late into the second millennium BC.
West Pans: excavations at a ceramic production site in Musselburgh, East Lothian
Authors: Lewis John , Cobo del Arco Belén , Eremin Katherine , Forbes Sheila , Gallagher Dennis , Haggarty George , Miller Suzanne , Murdoch Robin , Tate Jim , Chenery Simon 
Published: April 2023

Excavations were undertaken in 1981 and 1990–1 at the site of the 18th-/19th-century ceramicsmanufacturing complex of West Pans, near Musselburgh. The foundations of several structures wereuncovered although many proved impossible to interpret or date. Several puddling pits, most of themquite small, were identified, as was part of a hovel (the circular structure surrounding a kiln) andthe remains of two kilns, one of which might have been for glass-making. Other buildings could havebeen drying rooms or stores. The large quantities of ceramics from several phases of occupationbetween the early 18th and the early 19th century included porcelain wasters from the period whenWilliam Littler was at West Pans, c 1764 and 1777. Some evidence of the 19th-century village of WestPans was uncovered to the north of the area, on land reclaimed from the sea. To the east of the mainsite, a watching brief in 2002 and a salvage excavation in 2003 revealed part of a brick structurepossibly associated with salt-making, another important early industry at West Pans.
Preterm Birth, Small for Gestational Age, and Large for Gestational Age and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Up to Middle Age
Authors: Yang Fen , Janszky Imre , Gissler Mika , Cnattingius Sven , Roos Nathalie , Miao Maohua , Yuan Wei , Li Jiong , László Krisztina D. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceAdverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) are associated with increased risks of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, but knowledge regarding their associations with atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited and inconsistent.ObjectiveTo investigate whether preterm birth, SGA, or LGA are associated with increased risks of AF later in life.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multinational cohort study included Danish, Swedish, and Finnish national health registries. Live singleton births in Denmark from 1978 through 2016, in Sweden from 1973 through 2014, and in Finland from 1987 through 2014, who were followed up until December 31, 2016, in Denmark, December 31, 2021, in Sweden, and December 31, 2014, in Finland were included. Data analyses were performed between January 2021 and August 2022.ExposuresPreterm birth (less than 37 gestational weeks), SGA (less than 10th percentile birth weight for gestational age), and LGA (more than 90th percentile birth weight for gestational age) identified from medical birth registers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiagnosis of AF obtained from nationwide inpatient and outpatient registers. The study team ran multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and flexible parametric survival models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for AF according to preterm birth, SGA, and LGA. Sibling analyses were conducted to control for unmeasured familial factors.ResultsThe cohort included 8 012 433 study participants (maximum age, 49 years; median age, 21 years; male, 51.3%). In 174.4 million person-years of follow-up, 11 464 participants had a diagnosis of AF (0.14%; median age, 29.3 years). Preterm birth and LGA were associated with increased AF risk in both the full population cohort and in the sibling analyses; the multivariate HRs from the cohort analyses were 1.30 (95% CI, 1.18-1.42) and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.46-1.63), respectively. Preterm birth was more strongly associated with AF in childhood than in adulthood. Children born SGA had an increased risk of AF in the first 18 years of life but not afterwards.Conclusions and RelevancePreterm births and LGA births were associated with increased risks of AF up to middle age independently of familial confounding factors. Individuals born SGA had an increased AF risk only during childhood.
Multiple Stimuli‐Responsive Nanozyme‐Based Cryogels with Controlled NO Release as Self‐Adaptive Wound Dressing for Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Yang Yutong , Li Meng , Pan Guoying , Chen Jueying , Guo Baolin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWound with drug‐resistant bacterial infections has become a serious challenge for the healthcare system, and designing wound dressing to self‐adapt to the need of different stage of wound healing remains challenging. Herein, self‐adaptive wound dressings with multiple stimuli‐responsiveness and antibacterial activity are developed. Specifically, MoS2 carrying a reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive nitric oxide (NO) release precursor L‐arginine (MSPA) is designed and incorporated into carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) based cryogels (CMCS/PNIPAM) with multiple responsiveness (pH, near infrared (NIR), and temperature) to form self‐adaptive antibacterial cryogels that adapt to the therapeutic needs of different stages in infected wound healing. In response to the slightly acidic environment of bacterial infection, the cryogels assist the bacterial capture capacity through acid‐triggered protonation behavior, and effectively enhance the photodynamic antibacterial efficiency. Controllable on‐demand delivery of ROS, NO, and remote management of infected biofluid are achieved with NIR light as a trigger switch. The multiple stimuli‐responsive nanozyme‐based cryogels efficiently eliminate MRSA bacterial biofilm through NO assisted photodynamicand photothermal therapy (PDT&PTT). The multiple enzyme‐like activities of the cryogels effectively relieved oxidative damage. Notably, these cryogels effectively reduce wound infection, alleviated oxidative stress, and accelerate collagen deposition and angiogenesis in infected wounds, indicating that multiple stimuli‐responsive self‐adaptive wound dressings provide new ideas for infected wound treatment.
Bacteria‐Responsive Multidrug Delivery Nanosystem for Combating Long‐Term Biofilm‐Associated Infections
Authors: Prateeksha Prateeksha , Sharma Vivek , Nagpoore Nemkumar , Jadaun Vishwjeet , Rao Chandana , Singh Brahma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrobial biofilm formation on implantable devices causes chronic infections that cannot be treated with existing antimicrobials. Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) have recently emerged as novel antimicrobials for the prevention of biofilm formation. But blocking QS alone is insufficient to inhibit biofilm‐associated chronic infections. Herein, chitosan hollow nanospheres are capped by bacteria‐responsive β‐casein to form a synergistic antifouling nanosystem consisting of a QSI and bactericide. β‐casein is degraded by protease in a bacteria‐colonized microenvironment in situ thus, QSI and bactericide are released sequentially. The release of QSI sensitises bacteria effectively through reduction of surface hydrophobicity, eDNA content, and lipopolysaccharide production in biofilms, amplifying the chemotherapeutic action of the bactericide. Compared to the uncoated surface, the coated surface inhibits biofilm formation and removes preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus by 1.8 logs and 1.9 logs of biomass inhibition, respectively. The coated catheters are found to stay clean for 30 days under artificial urine flow, while the uncoated catheters are clogged by bacterial biofilms within 5 days. Finally, the long term antifouling activity in vivo is confirmed. Overall, the nanosystem is devoted to making urinary catheters resistant to bacterial biofilm formation for the long term.
Bioinspired High Tolerant Vein–Membrane Al2O3 Coating
Authors: Wu Chao , Lin Fan , Pan Xiaochuan , Zeng Yingjun , Chen Guochun , Xu Lida , Fu Yanzhang , He Yingping , Chen Qinnan , Sun Daoheng , Hai Zhenyin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe vein–membrane structure inspired by insect wings is applied to the artificial structural design of materials, with the aim of enhancing the intrinsic low strain tolerance and bonding strength of Al2O3 coating. Al2O3 platelets with high aspect ratio are used as veins, forming a bioinspired vein–membrane structure along with the Al2O3 membrane. Further, Al2O3 platelets take “root” in the substrate, forming a bioinspired root–soil interlocking structure. The greatest highlight of this coating is that it can restrict the cracks to the submicron area enclosed by the vein. The multi‐bioinspired structure enabled the Al2O3 coating to sustain strains as high as 8%, which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the reported failure strain of Al2O3 film. The bonding strength is also increased by at least five times. The vein–membrane structure opens a novel technological space for the artificial structural design of materials.
Observation of Colossal Topological Hall Effect in Noncoplanar Ferromagnet Cr5Te6 Thin Films
Authors: Chen Yequan , Zhu Yingmei , Lin Renju , Niu Wei , Liu Ruxin , Zhuang Wenzhuo , Zhang Xu , Liang Jinghua , Sun Wenxuan , Chen Zhongqiang , Hu Yongsheng , Song Fengqi , Zhou Jian , Wu Di , Ge Binghui , Yang Hongxin , Zhang Rong , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe topological Hall effect (THE) is critical to the exploration of the spin chirality generated by the real‐space Berry curvature, which has attracted worldwide attention for its prospective applications in spintronic devices. However, the prominent THE remains elusive at room temperature, which severely restricts the practical integration of chiral spin textures. Here, a colossal intrinsic THE is showed up to ≈1.6 µΩ cm in large‐area ferromagnet Cr5Te6 thin films epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition. Such a THE can be maintained until 270 K, which is attributed to the field‐stimulated noncoplanar spin textures induced by the interaction of the in‐plane ferromagnet and antiferromagnet infrastructures. The first‐principles calculations further verify the considerable Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction in Cr5Te6. This work not only paves the way for robust chiral spin textures near room temperature in large‐area low‐dimensional ferromagnetic films for practical applications, but also facilitates the development of high‐density and dissipationless spintronic devices.
Gold‐Enhanced Brachytherapy by a Nanoparticle‐Releasing Hydrogel and 3D‐Printed Subcutaneous Radioactive Implant Approach
Authors: Kiseleva Mariia , Lescot Théophraste , Selivanova Svetlana V. , Fortin Marc‐André 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBrachytherapy (BT) is a widely used clinical procedure for localized cervical cancer treatment. In addition, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been demonstrated as powerful radiosensitizers in BT procedures. Prior to irradiation by a BT device, their delivery to tumors can enhance the radiation effect by generating low‐energy photons and electrons, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lethal to cells. No efficient delivery system has been proposed until now for AuNP topical delivery to localized cervical cancer in the context of BT. This article reports an original approach developed to accelerate the preclinical studies of AuNP‐enhanced BT procedures. First, an AuNP‐containing hydrogel (Pluronic F127, alginate) is developed and tested in mice for degradation, AuNP release, and biocompatibility. Then, custom‐made 3D‐printed radioactive BT inserts covered with a AuNP‐containing hydrogel cushion are designed and administered by surgery in mice (HeLa xenografts), which allows for measuring AuNP penetration in tumors (≈100 µm), co‐registered with the presence of ROS produced through the interactions of radiation and AuNPs. Biocompatible AuNPs‐releasing hydrogels could be used in the treatment of cervical cancer prior to BT, with impact on the total amount of radiation needed per BT treatment, which will result in benefits to the preservation of healthy tissues surrounding cancer.
Antibacterial Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Mite Removal and Intelligent Human Monitoring
Authors: Lu Yanru , Xiang Huijing , Jie Yang , Cao Xia , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out for their wearability, portability, and versatility as a promising energy‐harvesting technology and facilitate their wide self‐powered intelligent applications in various medical fields. However, there are few studies on sterilization and mite removal. Herein, a wearable and antibacterial sandwich‐structured single‐electrode chitosan‐hydroxyethyl cellulose‐pectin (CHP) ‐ polypyrrole (PPy) ‐ CHP( CHP‐PPy‐CHP) triboelectric nanogenerator (CPC‐TENG) by utilizing CHP composite film as the triboelectric layer is proposed and developed. The CPC‐TENG exhibits a maximum short‐circuit current density of 12.99 µA cm−2, resulting in a high instantaneous power of 287 µW during one cycle. It is found that the prepared CPC‐TENG with 11 wt% chitosan fillers has an antibacterial effectiveness of 92.86% against Escherichia coli. Moreover, The CPC‐TENG can be used as a self‐powered human motion monitoring sensor with stable and sensitive response to continuous motion. The antimicrobial and sensing properties of CPC‐TENG demonstrate the enormous potential of the intelligent health monitoring for medical and health.
Long‐Term UV Detecting Wearable Patches Enabled by III‐N Compound Semiconductor‐Based Microphotodetectors
Authors: Kim Jeong Hyeon , Park Sang Yoon , Kim Min Kyoo , Park Woo Hyun , Doh Il , Joe Daniel J. , Lee Han Eol 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUV radiation is considered indispensable from the hygienic, medical, aesthetic, and industrial perspectives. Among the various types of UV radiation, UV‐A (with a wavelength of 315–400 nm) has a significant influence because it adversely affects human skin, leading to damage such as blemishes, freckles, and wrinkles. Although various photosensors are developed for monitoring UV‐A radiation in real time, these devices have critical issues, such as inefficient fabrication processes, insufficient photoresponsivity, and incompatibility with long‐term wearable applications. Here, the authors report on a wearable UV‐detecting patch targeted for long‐term use in the medical and clinical fields. A wearable UV sensor is fabricated by integrating optimized InGaN/GaN microphotodetectors (µPDs) in a 3D porous patch. The optical and electrical properties of the device are intensively investigated under various types of optical radiation and input electrical power and show high photoresponsivity (2.82 A W−1) and excellent external quantum efficiency (897.63%). Long‐term real‐time UV radiation monitoring using the wearable µPDs is demonstrated; moreover, the by‐products can be efficiently removed from human skin surfaces.