bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting and Managing Childhood Onset Hypertension in Africa: A Call to Action
Authors: Craig A. , Breet Y. , Gafane-Matemane L. F. , Norris S. A. , Kruger R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review recent evidence on childhood hypertension across Africa, identifying knowledge gaps, challenges and priorities, and highlight clinical perspectives in managing primary hypertension.

Recent Findings
Only 15 of the 54 African countries reported on absolute blood pressure (BP) measures, elevated BP, pre- and/or hypertension. The reported hypertension prevalence ranged between 0.0 and 38.9%, while elevated BP and/or pre-hypertnesion ranged from 2.7 to 50.5%. Childhood BP nomograms are lacking across Africa and the rates of hypertension were based on guidelines developed in countries with the lowest to no number of children from African ancestry. The recent studies across Africa also showed little to no detail when reporting BP specific methodology. No recent data informing the use or effectiveness of antihypertensive agents in children and adolesents are available.

Summary
Childhood hypertension is on the rise, while data from Africa remains vastly under-represented. Collaborative research, resources, and policies need to be strengthened in addressing the growing public health concern of childhood onset hypertension on this continent.
Math anxiety and attention: Biased orienting to math symbols or less efficient attentional control?
Authors: González-Gómez Belén , Colomé Àngels , Núñez-Peña María Isabel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious research about the existence of an attentional bias for math in highly math-anxious (HMA) individuals shows inconsistent results, and methodologies used so far cannot distinguish the various components of attentional bias. Here we adapted Grafton and MacLeod (2014)’s methodology to assess biases linked to math anxiety in engagement and disengagement when task-irrelevant math and neutral symbols are briefly presented. Twenty-one HMA and 21 low math-anxious individuals were asked to perform the attentional task just after solving an arithmetic task expected to generate group differences in state anxiety. Considering attentional control theory, state anxiety will likely increase allocation of attention to task-irrelevant stimuli. Therefore, individual differences in efficiency responding to this task, which despite being simple and non-mathematical is interrupted by task-irrelevant stimuli, were also analyzed to study whether HMA individuals show reduced attentional control. Our results provide evidence against the presence of an attentional bias towards/against mathematical symbols in visuospatial orienting of the HMA population, neither in the form of an engagement bias nor as a disengagement bias. Rather, HMA individuals were slower and could not take advantage of a longer interval to overcome distraction, which suggest less efficient attentional control, at least when they experience higher state anxiety. Therefore, it is unlikely that an attentional bias for math may originate or aggravate math anxiety. However, reduced attentional control may underlie the less efficient processing on math tasks usually shown by HMA individuals, so research on attention in math anxiety should keep focusing on HMA’s difficulties in executive control.
Why Did Red Ereño Limestone Go Red? Linking Scientific Knowledge and Geoheritage Story-Telling (Basque Country, Spain)
Authors: Damas Mollá Laura , Aranburu Arantza , Villalain Juan José , García-Garmilla Francisco , Uriarte Jesus Ángel , Zabaleta Ane , Bodego Arantxa , Ladron de Guevara Martín , Monge-Ganuzas Manu , Antiguedad Iñaki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRed Ereño is a red-stained ornamental
and construction limestone with characteristic white fossil shells. Although exploited since Roman times, marketed worldwide and that the rock itself and its outcrop areas have been included in geological heritage inventories, the origin of its characteristic reddish colour remained unresolved. The aim of this work is to deepen the scientific knowledge of Red Ereño as a basis for understanding the characteristics of this stone and to make this information available for geoconservation actions. The mineralogical and petrological study, mainly based on optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and rock magnetism and paleomagnetic techniques, concluded that the red-staining mineral is pigmentary hematite. Moreover, the analysis stated that hematite precipitated after sedimentation but prior to burial diagenesis and before alpine inversion. Based on palaeomagnetic studies, it can be stated that mineralisation occurred during the Late Cretaceous. This work illustrates how scientific research on this potential heritage stone provides key information for geoconservation.
Association Between Family History of Diabetes, Irrational Beliefs, and Health Anxiety with 10-Year Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: the ATTICA Epidemiological Study (2002–2012)
Authors: Vassou Christina , Tsiampalis Thomas , Georgousopoulou Ekavi N. , Chrysohoou Christina , Yannakoulia Mary , Pitsavos Christos , Cropley Mark , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to examine the relationship between family history of diabetes, irrational beliefs, and health anxiety in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Method
ATTICA is a prospective, cohort study (2002–2012). The working sample included 845 participants (18–89 years), free of diabetes at baseline. Α detailed biochemical, clinical, and lifestyle evaluation was performed, while participants’ irrational beliefs and health anxiety were assessed through the Irrational Beliefs Inventory and the Whiteley index scale, respectively. We evaluated the association between the participants’ family history of diabetes mellitus with the 10-year risk of diabetes mellitus, both in the total study’s sample and separately according to their levels of health anxiety and irrational beliefs.

Results
The crude 10-year risk of T2DM was 12.9% (95%CI: 10.4, 15.4), with 191 cases of T2DM. Family history of diabetes was associated with 2.5 times higher odds (2.53, 95%CI 1.71, 3.75) of T2DM compared to those without family history. Among participants with family history of diabetes, the highest likelihood of developing T2DM, regarding their tested psychological features (i.e., low/high irrational beliefs in the entire group, low/high health anxiety in the entire group, and low/high irrational beliefs, low/high healthy anxiety), had people with high irrational beliefs, low health anxiety (OR 3.70, 95%CI 1.83, 7.48).

Conclusions
The findings underline the important moderating role of irrational beliefs and health anxiety in the prevention of T2DM, among participants at increased risk of T2DM.
A Maturity Model for Assessing the Digitalization of Public Health Agencies
Authors: Doctor Eileen , Eymann Torsten , Fürstenau Daniel , Gersch Martin , Hall Kristina , Kauffmann Anna Lina , Schulte-Althoff Matthias , Schlieter Hannes , Stark Jeannette , Wyrtki Katrin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRequests for a coordinated response during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the limitations of locally-operating public health agencies (PHAs) and have resulted in a growing interest in their digitalization. However, digitalizing PHAs – i.e., transforming them technically and organizationally – toward the needs of both employees and citizens is challenging, especially in federally-managed local government settings. This paper reports on a project that develops and evaluates a continuous (vs. a staged) maturity model, the PHAMM, for digitalizing PHAs as a cornerstone of a digitally resilient public health system in the future. The model supports a coordinated approach to formulating a vision and structuring the steps toward it, engaging employees along the transformation journey necessary for a federally-managed field. Further, it is now being used to allocate substantial national funds to foster digitalization. By developing the model in a coordinated approach and using it for distributing federal resources, this work expands the potential usage cases for maturity models. The authors conclude with lessons learned and discuss how the model can incentivize local digitalization in federal fields.
The effect of activator type on physicochemical and sorption properties of nanostructured carbon adsorbents obtained from fennel seed by chemical activation
Authors: Paluch Dorota , Bazan-Wozniak Aleksandra , Pietrzak Robert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds were used as a precursor for obtaining nanostructured activated carbons by chemical activation with various reagents. The obtained activated carbons were characterized using nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, ash content, Boehm titration and pH of water extracts. It was shown that the choice of activator had an important effect on the physicochemical and sorption properties of the obtained activated carbons. The specific surface area of the obtained adsorbents ranged from 345 to 1052 m2/g. Chemical activation of the starting material with potassium carbonate made it possible to obtain activated carbons with the strongest developed specific surface area and the best sorption capacity against the tested pollutants. 1 g of this carbon is able to adsorb 1215 mg of iodine and 454 mg of methylene blue. The least effective adsorbent turned out to be the carbon obtained by chemical activation of fennel seeds with sodium carbonate, whose sorption capacity toward the pollutants from aqueous solutions was 77 mg/g and 317 mg/g for methylene blue for iodine, respectively. The alkaline pH of the solution promotes effective adsorption of methylene blue on the surface of the obtained adsorbents. The reaction of the dye molecules adsorption on the activated carbons occurs according to the pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir isotherm best described the process under study. In addition, it was shown that chemical activation of fennel seeds leads to carbon adsorbents with acidic surface character. The negative values of Gibbs free energy indicate the spontaneous character of the process. The study has shown that fennel seeds can be successfully used to obtain low-cost and effective nanostructured carbon adsorbents with good sorption capacity toward organic and inorganic contaminants, from the aqueous phase.
Methionine-producing tumor micro(be) environment fuels growth of solid tumors
Authors: Vega Alexis A. , Marshall Erin A. , Noonan Avery J. C. , Filho Fernando Sergio Leitao , Yang Julia , Stewart Greg L. , Johnson Fraser D. , Vucic Emily A. , Pewarchuk Michelle E. , Shah Parag P. , Clem Brian F. , Nislow Corey , Lam Stephen , Lockwood William W. , Hallam Steven J. , Leung Janice M. , Beverly Levi J. , Lam Wan L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background

Recent studies have uncovered the near-ubiquitous presence of microbes in solid tumors of diverse origins. Previous literature has shown the impact of specific bacterial species on the progression of cancer. We propose that local microbial dysbiosis enables certain cancer phenotypes through provisioning of essential metabolites directly to tumor cells.

Methods
16S rDNA sequencing of 75 patient lung samples revealed the lung tumor microbiome specifically enriched for bacteria capable of producing methionine. Wild-type (WT) and methionine auxotrophic (metA mutant) E. coli cells were used to condition cell culture media and the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells were measured using SYTO60 staining. Further, colony forming assay, Annexin V Staining, BrdU, AlamarBlue, western blot, qPCR, LINE microarray and subcutaneous injection with methionine modulated feed were used to analyze cellular proliferation, cell-cycle, cell death, methylation potential, and xenograft formation under methionine restriction. Moreover, C14-labeled glucose was used to illustrate the interplay between tumor cells and bacteria.

Results/Discussion
Our results show bacteria found locally within the tumor microenvironment are enriched for methionine synthetic pathways, while having reduced S-adenosylmethionine metabolizing pathways. As methionine is one of nine essential amino acids that mammals are unable to synthesize de novo, we investigated a potentially novel function for the microbiome, supplying essential nutrients, such as methionine, to cancer cells. We demonstrate that LUAD cells can utilize methionine generated by bacteria to rescue phenotypes that would otherwise be inhibited due to nutrient restriction. In addition to this, with WT and metA mutant E. coli, we saw a selective advantage for bacteria with an intact methionine synthetic pathway to survive under the conditions induced by LUAD cells. These results would suggest that there is a potential bi-directional cross-talk between the local microbiome and adjacent tumor cells. In this study, we focused on methionine as one of the critical molecules, but we also hypothesize that additional bacterial metabolites may also be utilized by LUAD. Indeed, our radiolabeling data suggest that other biomolecules are shared between cancer cells and bacteria. Thus, modulating the local microbiome may have an indirect effect on tumor development, progression, and metastasis.
Towards autonomous inland waterway vessels — a comprehensive analysis of regulatory, liability and insurance frameworks
Authors: Ahmed Yaseen Adnan , Theotokatos Gerasimos , Maslov Ilia , Wennersberg Lars Andreas Lien , Nesheim Dag Atle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of maritime autonomous vessels for the inland waterway (IWW) transport can revolutionise the current logistics supply chain and enable the shifting of the cargo transportation from the less efficient road and rail transport modes. However, the lack of guidelines and requirements for the operation and testing of autonomous vessels must be addressed to enable autonomous operations. This study aims to identify the gaps of the prevailing regulatory, liability and insurance frameworks and propose viable recommendations for the operation and testing of the autonomous IWW vessels. The theoretical case study of a next-generation autonomous ship operating in European IWW along with the required key enabling technologies is considered. A systematic methodological approach is followed focusing on the existing, transition and next-generation stages for developing autonomous vessels. The existing stage deals with classifying the identified gaps considering the categories of high, moderate or low severity, whereas the anticipated new stakeholders with associated risks in the context of autonomous vessels are analysed. The transition stage discusses recommendations to mitigate the identified gaps of the analysed existing frameworks by either developing interpretations, amending existing instruments or proposing new instruments. The proposed recommendations demonstrate a pathway towards upgrading the existing frameworks based on the identified severity levels and hence are expected to be beneficial for the policymakers whilst preparing the roadmap for the design and operation of next-generation autonomous ship (NGAS).
Integrating Foundational and Clinical Science Remotely by Combining Team-Based Learning and Simulation
Authors: Roberts Joel , Zhong Qing , Linger Rachel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntegrating foundational and clinical science in medical and other professional healthcare degree programs has been well established as a means to enhance learning. However, implementation remains challenging, and a significant gap exists in guidance for non-professional degree programs to effectively accomplish both types of integration. Additionally, many modalities described in the literature are resource-intensive, scale poorly to larger groups, and are widely inaccessible. We present an online modality combining team-based learning and a simulation-based learning experience that fosters vertical and horizontal integration of physiology, pharmacology, and clinical science. The tools utilized include a vital sign simulator, video conferencing software, and a document-sharing platform. The activity demonstrated improved knowledge comparing pre- and posttests and evidence that the activity helped students integrate physiology, pharmacology, and clinical medicine. The novel structure is effective and accessible, uses open-source software and standard equipment available to most undergraduate and graduate faculty, and is adaptable to in-person, hybrid-remote, and fully remote delivery.
Multi-component Adsorption Isotherms: Review and Modeling Studies
Authors: Amrutha  , Jeppu Gautham , Girish C. R. , Prabhu Balakrishna , Mayer Katharina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Adsorption is an important phenomenon widely used for the removal of contaminants. Several drinking water contaminants such as arsenic and fluoride, vanadium and chromium, nickel, cadmium and cobalt are found to coexist in nature as multi-component mixtures in water. Hence, the modeling of multi-component adsorption isotherms for designing water treatment systems has gained importance recently. However, review studies of multi-component adsorption and competitive adsorption modeling are limited. The current review paper summarizes twenty-six multi-component adsorption isotherm models. Also, case studies of several common multi-component adsorption systems and the mechanisms of multi-component adsorption are discussed. Furthermore, a modeling analysis of four multi-component isotherms models for three commonly found two-component adsorption systems, i.e., cadmium-nickel, nickel–cobalt, and cadmium-cobalt, is reported. The Extended Langmuir isotherm, Competitive Langmuir isotherm, Extended Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm and Extended Freundlich isotherm models were applied in the modeling study for the competitive adsorption of Cd, Ni, and Co. The goodness of fit parameters and adsorption isotherm constants were estimated for these models. The factors influencing competitive adsorption, mechanisms of adsorption, various single and multi-component isotherm models, their significance, and limitations are also discussed in this review article.

Highlights
• Twenty-six multi-component and ten single-component isotherm models are compiled
• Factors affecting multi-component competitive adsorption isotherms are discussed in this review paper
• The applications of four multi-component isotherm models for three binary contaminant systems are presented.

Graphical Abstract
Latest Trends in Modelling Forest Ecosystems: New Approaches or Just New Methods?
Authors: Blanco Juan A. , Lo Yueh-Hsin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Forest models are becoming essential tools in forest research, management, and policymaking but currently are under deep transformation. In this review of the most recent literature (2018–2022), we aim to provide an updated general view of the main topics currently attracting the efforts of forest modelers, the trends already in place, and some of the current and future challenges that the field will face.

Recent Findings
Four major topics attracting most of on current modelling efforts: data acquisition, productivity estimation, ecological pattern predictions, and forest management related to ecosystem services. Although the topics may seem different, they all are converging towards integrated modelling approaches by the pressure of climate change as the major coalescent force, pushing current research efforts into integrated mechanistic, cross-scale simulations of forest functioning and structure.

Summary
We conclude that forest modelling is experiencing an exciting but challenging time, due to the combination of new methods to easily acquire massive amounts of data, new techniques to statistically process such data, and refinements in mechanistic modelling that are incorporating higher levels of ecological complexity and breaking traditional barriers in spatial and temporal scales. However, new available data and techniques are also creating new challenges. In any case, forest modelling is increasingly acknowledged as a community and interdisciplinary effort. As such, ways to deliver simplified versions or easy entry points to models should be encouraged to integrate non-modelers stakeholders into the modelling process since its inception. This should be considered particularly as academic forest modelers may be increasing the ecological and mathematical complexity of forest models.
Multiscale fracture networks and their impact on hydroshearing response in the Canadian Shield (Kuujjuaq, Canada)
Authors: Miranda Mafalda M. , Raymond Jasmin , Dezayes Chrystel , Wigston Andrew , Perreault Serge 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the natural fracture network is essential for geothermal-related investigations. However, the geometrical attributes depend on the scale of observation. Therefore, a multiscale characterization of the fracture network is essential to ensure that heat and flow simulations are based on stochastically generated discrete fracture network models representative of the natural fracture system observed. The objective of this project was to understand the scale effect of fracture data on the performance of a potential enhanced geothermal system in crystalline rock in northern Canada. This was accomplished by collecting and characterizing fracture data from core, outcrops and satellite image, and then constructing a discrete fracture network model which was used to simulate the performance of the geothermal system. The numerical simulations suggest that fracture length and spacing have an important impact on its performance. Thermal short-circuiting can be easily achieved if the fracture network is modelled based solely on satellite image data, and hydroshearing may be less effective if the DFN is constructed based solely on outcrop data. The simulations suggest that combining the different datasets provides the best compromise between heat extraction, water losses, hydraulic impedance and thermal drawdown. Despite the uncertainties, the fracture data used highlights the importance of multiscale fracture analysis for heat-flow simulations of geothermal reservoirs.
CROWBAR: Natively Fuzzing Trusted Applications Using ARM CoreSight
Authors: Shan Haoqi , Huang Moyao , Liu Yujia , Nissankararao Sravani , Jin Yier , Wang Shuo , Sullivan Dean 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTrusted execution environments (TEE) are deployed on many platforms to provide both confidentiality and integrity, and their extensive use offers a secure environment for privacy-sensitive operations. Despite TEE prevalence in the smartphone and tablet market, vulnerability research into TEE security is relatively rare. This is, in part, due to the strong isolation guarantees provided by its implementation. In this paper, we propose a hardware assisted fuzzing framework, CROWBAR, that bypasses TEE isolation to natively evaluate trusted applications (TAs) on mobile devices by leveraging ARM CoreSight components. CROWBAR performs feedback-driven fuzzing on commercial, closed source TAs while running in a TEE protected environment. We implement CROWBAR on 2 prototype commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) smartphones and one development board, finding 3 unique crashes in 5 closed source TAs that are previously unreported in the TrustZone fuzzing literature.