bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway Management of Suspected Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Room
Authors: Maurya Indubala , Maurya Ved Prakash , Mishra Rakesh , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Janjua Tariq , Yunus Mohd , Agrawal Amit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe patients of trauma offers a special challenge because of the associated head injury, maxillofacial, neck and spine injuries, which puts the airway at imminent risk. The response time for the emergency team to initiate the airway management determines the outcome of the individual undergoing treatment. A judious implementatin of triage and Advanced Trauma Life Suport (ATLS) guidelines are helpful in the allocation of resources in airway management of trauma patients. One must not get distracted with the severity of other organ systems because cerebral tissue permits a low threshold to the hypoxic insults. Adequate preparedness and a team effort result in better airway management and improved outcomes in trauma patients with variable hemodynamic response to resuscitation. All possible efforts must be made to secure a definitive airway (if required) and should be verified clinically as well as with the available adjuncts. The success of a trauma team depends on the familiarity to the airways devices and their discrete application in various situations.
Complications after Cranioplasty: A Pictorial Narrative with Techniques to Manage and Avoid the Same
Authors: Raju Dimble , Bhosle Rajesh , Patel Shamshuddin , Bhattacharyya Asis Kumar , Aditya Grandhi , Krishnan Prasad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Cranioplasty following decompressive craniotomy is considered to be a “routine procedure” but several large series have documented a significant amount of both delayed and immediate complications and also a mortality rate of up to 3.6%.
Materials and Methods We went through some of the salient complications (excluding seizures) needing resurgery following interval cranioplasty over the past 18 years at our institution in over 300 cases and analyzed the literature that mention these complications and their treatment.
Results In addition to the commonly mentioned complications, we found some that had been rarely described or not mentioned hitherto in the literature which we have presented as a pictorial narrative. Based on our experience, we recommend some measures that may decrease the incidence or prevent the occurrence of the same.
Conclusions Attention to small but basic surgical techniques will go a long way in preventing unwanted postoperative events.
Does Alteration of the Microbiome Cause Diverticular Disease?
Authors: Roberson Jeffrey L. , Maguire Lillias M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe role of the microbiome in influencing the development and course of human disease is increasingly understood and appreciated. In diverticular disease, the microbiome presents an intriguing potential link between the disease and its long-established risk factors, dietary fiber and industrialization. However, current data have yet to demonstrate a clear link between specific alterations in the microbiome and diverticular disease. The largest study of diverticulosis is negative and studies of diverticulitis are small and heterogeneous. Although multiple disease-specific hurdles exist, the early state of the current research and the many un- or underexplored clinical phenotypes present a significant opportunity for investigators to improve our knowledge of this common and incompletely understood disease.
The Influence of the Microbiome on Anastomotic Leak
Authors: Boatman Sonja , Kohn Julia , Jahansouz Cyrus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnastomotic leak, defined by the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer as “a communication between the intra- and extraluminal compartments owing to a defect of the integrity of the intestinal wall at the anastomosis,” is one of the most devastating complications in colorectal surgery. Much work has been done to identify causes of leak; however, despite advances in surgical technique, the prevalence of anastomotic leak has remained at around 11%. The potential causative role of bacteria in the etiopathology of anastomotic leak was established in the 1950s. More recently, alterations in the colonic microbiome have been shown to affect rates of anastomotic leak. Multiple perioperative factors that alter the homeostasis of the gut microbiota community structure and function have been linked to anastomotic leak after colorectal surgery. Here, we discuss the role of diet, radiation, bowel preparation, medications including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, morphine, and antibiotics, and specific microbial pathways that have been implicated in anastomotic leak via their effects on the microbiome.
Frontal Sinus Trauma Presenting with Frontonasal Cutaneous Fistula: A Unique Case Report
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Shankar Diwakar , Yadav Kuldeep , Kaif Mohammad , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFrontal sinus fractures account for 5 to 15% of craniofacial trauma. Road traffic accidents account for most of the cases. Combined injury of the anterior and posterior table with nasofrontal outflow tract contributes to 67% of craniofacial trauma. We here present an interesting case of a 33-year-old male patient with a traumatic left frontal sinus fracture with a unique presentation of a cutaneous–frontonasal fistula. Treatment algorithms for the management of frontal sinus fractures have been proposed in the past but they should be tailored to the need of the individual patient. Obliteration of the frontonasal outflow tract should be advocated in these cases as they minimize complications.
Value orientation and external political efficacy: assessing the relationship between traditional values, progressive politics and political responsiveness
Authors: Etzel Maximilian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractValues are often used to explain phenomena associated with problematic political behaviours. For example, the election of far-right parties is often attributed to traditional values. The ‘Cultural Backlash’ thesis (Inglehart and Norris in Cultural backlash: trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2017a) is prominent in this field of research and explains such behaviour by a predominance of progressive issues as the result of Value Change. It is assumed that this causes traditional individuals to perceive the political system as less responsive, which can also be understood as low external political efficacy; however, there is little in the way of empirical research that tests the connection between one’s value orientation and one’s sense of external efficacy (Inglehart and Norris in Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash, 2016; Inglehart and Norris in Cultural backlash: trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017a; Inglehart and Norris in Perspect Polit 15(2):443-453, 2017b). This study aims to fill this gap by examining the effects of traditional values on perceptions of external efficacy, particular attention to the role of predominantly progressive politics. For this purpose, the relationship between values and external efficacy is brought into cross-national context in order to analyse the moderating effect of the degree of progressivity of the respective national political system. To test these assumption with multilevel mixed-effects model, this study uses European Social Survey data from 23 European countries and from the Manifesto Project. The results show that traditional values are negative associated with external political efficacy. They also show that this effect is partially intensified the more progressive the party manifestos are.
Effect of ambient environment and magnetic field on laser-induced cobalt plasma
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asad , Bashir Shazia , Chishti Naveed Ahmed , Bonyah Ebenezer , Dawood Asadullah , Ahmad Zubair 
Published: January 2023

Plasma parameters of magnetically confined Cobalt (Co) plasma have been evaluated by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy at various laser irradiances, under different ambient pressures of two environments such as Ar and Ne and at different time delays. The effect of laser irradiance on Co plasma is exposed in the presence and absence of a Transverse Magnetic field (TMF) while keeping environmental gas pressure constant, i.e., 10 Torr. For this purpose, Co pellets were exposed to Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns) at various laser irradiances ranging from 1 to 2.9 GW cm−2. To investigate the impact of background gas pressures, Co pellets were exposed to various pressure varying from 5 to 760 Torr of Ar and Ne. In the case of time delay variation, the Co plasma parameters Texc and ne decrease exponentially. A significantly pronounced effect of the presence of an external TMF of strength 0.9 T on time-integrated Co plasma parameters has been revealed. Plasma parameters Texc and ne are considerably increased in the presence of TMF in both ambient environments because of being constrained to a very small region due to which collisions will be enhanced. Implementation of the 0.9 T TMF on a laser-induced plasma of Co is responsible for the confinement of plasma. The surface morphology of laser-irradiated Co samples was also discussed to confirm the effect of TMF. Fine and uniform structures are observed in samples treated in the presence of TMF by using the SEM technique.
Probing an enhanced anisotropy Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity in polycrystalline Al doped SnSe nanostructure
Authors: Athithya S. , Jibri K. P. Mohamed , Harish S. , Hayakawa K. , Kubota Y. , Ikeda H. , Hayakawa Y. , Navaneethan M. , Archana J. 
Published: January 2023

Recently, SnSe based thermoelectric materials attained much interest due to their environment friendly IV–VI semiconductor group. Herein, Al doped SnSe (Sn1−xAlxSe) specimens were prepared by combined ball milling and spark plasma sintering. High resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis of (Sn1−xAlxSe) nanostructure samples confirmed the existence of different crystal defects and dislocation induced by Al doping. Lower thermal conductivity (0.63 W/mK at 750 K) is observed for Sno.92Al0.08Se samples than pristine SnSe (1.14 W/mK at 750 K), which is mainly attributed to various crystal defects, such as lattice dislocation, stacking fault, grain boundary scattering, and excellent anharmonic bonding nature of SnSe. The maximum electrical conductivity is observed for the SAS-2 sample, which correlates well with the low activation energy of 0.20 eV. The minimal doping of Al (SAS-2) decoupled the strong interdependency of electrical and thermal transport properties, leading to a maximum ZT of 0.18 at 743 K. The Al doped SnSe (Sn1−xAlxSe) induced point defects in the sample, which provides a new strategy for waste heat recovery.
Construction waste recycling in the circular economy model
Authors: Mikhno I , Ihnatenko N , Cherniaiev O , Vynogradnya V , Atstaja D , Koval V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The disposal of construction waste, the amount of which is constantly growing due to hostilities in Ukraine and outdated housing stock that has lost its consumer properties is an acute problem. The study proposes adopting the circular economy and the principles of improving the security and environmental situation in Ukraine to restore the country’s potential. The article analyzes the main stages and processes of construction waste disposal, taking into account their fractional recycling and reuse in the reconstruction of settlements, which is based on the rational use of resources and innovations and will reduce the cost of restoring destroyed settlement areas. Efficient construction is possible only if environmental and economic indicators are improved, the level of safety and manufacturability are improved. A methodology for assessing the effectiveness of future construction has been developed and recommendations for its improvement have been given.
Effective substrate for the growth of multilayer h-BN on sapphire—substrate off-cut, pre-growth, and post-growth conditions in metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Tokarczyk Mateusz , Dąbrowska Aleksandra Krystyna , Kowalski Grzegorz , Bożek Rafał , Iwański Jakub , Binder Johannes , Stępniewski Roman , Wysmołek Andrzej 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The substrate is one of the key components that determines the quality of the epitaxial layers. However, the implications of growing two-dimensional layers on three-dimensional bulk substrates have not yet been fully understood, and these implications need to be studied for different combinations of materials and substrates. Here, we present a study that addresses the influence of the sapphire substrate off-cut angle on the final growth of two-dimensional layers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). A two-step wafer-scale process was used in one epitaxial MOVPE procedure. The main process starts with a self-limiting continuous growth of a BN buffer followed by flow-modulated epitaxy in the second step, and is used to study substrates with different off-cuts angles, pre-growth nitridation steps, and post-growth annealing. An initial nitridation step at the growth temperature allowed for the growth of an AlN sublayer. This layer is shown to smooth out the underlying sapphire and establishes an ‘effective’ sapphire/AlN substrate. This step is also responsible for enforcing a specific growth of the BN layer in a crystallographic orientation, which is shown to strongly deviate from the substrate for off-cut angles larger than 0.3°. A substrate with off-cut angle of 1° clearly yields the highest quality of h-BN layers as evidenced by the lowest amount of debris on the surface, most intense x-ray diffraction signal, minimal Raman phonon line width and thinnest amorphous BN (a-BN) at the interface with the effective substrate. Our study shows that the off-cut angles of sapphire substrates strongly influence the final epitaxial h-BN, clearly indicating the importance of optimal substrate preparation for the growth of two-dimensional BN layers. Post-growth annealing in N2 atmosphere at 800 °C improves the top surface morphology of the final stack, as well as suppresses further the presence of a-BN.
Investigating the factors that explain white matter hyperintensity load in older Indians
Authors: Aksman Leon , Lynch Kirsten , Toga Arthur , Dey Aparajit Ballav , Lee Jinkook 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensities are areas of hyperintense signal on MRI that typically represent cerebrovascular pathology. While focal white matter hyperintensities are common among older individuals, extensive white matter hyperintensities have been found to accelerate the progression of dementia. However, little is currently known about how various socioeconomic, health, lifestyle and environmental factors affect the severity of these lesions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as India. We investigated this question using cross-sectional MRI data (n = 126) from a pilot neuroimaging sub-study of an ongoing, nationally representative epidemiological study of late-life cognition in India. As a screening step, we estimated white matter hyperintensity load from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI using a fully automated technique and tested for associations with each factor separately, controlling for age, sex and estimated total intracranial volume in each case. A combined model of white matter hyperintensity load included five factors which were significant after multiple comparisons correction: systolic blood pressure, body mass index, urbanicity status (urban versus rural living), daily chore hours and the frequency of store trips. This model explained an additional 27% of the variance in white matter hyperintensity load (54 versus 27% for the baseline model with only age, sex and estimated total intracranial volume). We accounted for the possibility of reverse causality by additionally controlling for concurrent markers of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment, with no substantial change in our findings. Overall, our findings suggest that controlling high blood pressure and maintaining both a healthy body mass index and high levels of physical activity may reduce white matter hyperintensity load in older Indian adults, helping to prevent or delay dementia.
Circular RNAs at the intersection of cancer and heart disease: potential therapeutic targets in cardio-oncology
Authors: Neufeldt Dimyana , Cushman Sarah , Bär Christian , Thum Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in managing cancer; however, with these advancements comes the discovery of previously unknown adverse events. In particular, the prolonged lifespan of patients has uncovered severe cardiotoxic side effects of widely used anti-cancer therapies, which restrict their administration and thus compromise the success of the seemingly most suitable treatments in large cancer patient cohorts. Vice versa, cardiovascular diseases can also promote both the onset and progression of different cancers, highlighting that both conditions are deeply interlinked. Recognizing these close interactions, the novel interdisciplinary field of cardio-oncology has emerged to closely study these uniquely correlating diseases. In this regard, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are gaining increasing attention since they constitute crucial regulators in many physiological but also pathological signalling pathways, including those of cancer and cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we focus on the new subtype of ncRNA, circular RNAs, in their distinct exchange within cardio-oncology and discuss their suitability as potent targets for the simultaneous treatment of cardiac dysfunction and cancer.
Ticagrelor with or without aspirin in high-risk patients with anaemia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a subgroup analysis of the TWILIGHT trial
Authors: Spirito Alessandro , Kastrati Adnan , Cao Davide , Baber Usman , Sartori Samantha , Angiolillo Dominick J , Briguori Carlo , Cohen David J , Dangas George , Dudek Dariusz , Escaned Javier , Gibson C Michael , Zhang Zhongjie , Huber Kurt , Kaul Upendra , Kornowski Ran , Kunadian Vijay , Han Ya-Ling , Mehta Shamir R , Sardella Gennaro , Sharma Samin , Shlofmitz Richard A , Vogel Birgit , Collier Timothy , Pocock Stuart , Mehran Roxana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ticagrelor monotherapy among high-risk patients with anaemia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results
In the TWILIGHT (Ticagrelor with Aspirin or Alone in High-Risk Patients after Coronary Intervention) trial, after 3 months of ticagrelor plus aspirin, high-risk patients were maintained on ticagrelor and randomized to aspirin or placebo for 1 year. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin &lt;13 g/dL for men and &lt;12 g/dL for women. The primary endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. The key secondary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
Out of 6828 patients, 1329 (19.5%) had anaemia and were more likely to have comorbidities, multivessel disease, and to experience bleeding or ischaemic complications than non-anaemic patients. Among anaemic patients, BARC 2, 3, or 5 bleeding occurred less frequently with ticagrelor monotherapy than with ticagrelor plus aspirin [6.4% vs. 10.7%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.88; P = 0.009]; the rate of the key secondary endpoint was similar in the two arms (5.2% vs. 4.8%; HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.66–1.74; P = 0.779). These effects were consistent in patients without anaemia (interaction P values 0.671 and 0.835, respectively).

Conclusion
In high-risk patients undergoing PCI, ticagrelor monotherapy after 3 months of ticagrelor-based dual antiplatelet therapy was associated with a reduced risk of clinically relevant bleeding without any increase in ischaemic events irrespective of anaemia status (TWILIGHT: NCT02270242).
Protein coding variation in the J:ARC and J:DO outbred laboratory mouse stocks provides a molecular basis for distinct research applications
Authors: Cornes Belinda K , Paisie Carolyn , Swanzey Emily , Fields Peter D , Schile Andrew , Brackett Kelly , Reinholdt Laura G , Srivastava Anuj 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOutbred laboratory mice (Mus musculus) are readily available and have high fecundity, making them a popular choice in biomedical research, especially toxicological and pharmacological applications. Direct high throughput genome sequencing (HTS) of these widely used research animals is an important genetic quality control measure that enhances research reproducibility. HTS data have been used to confirm the common origin of outbred stocks and to molecularly define distinct outbred populations. But these data have also revealed unexpected population structure and homozygosity in some populations; genetic features that emerge when outbred stocks are not properly maintained. We used exome sequencing to discover and interrogate protein-coding variation in a newly established population of Swiss-derived outbred stock (J:ARC) that is closely related to other, commonly used CD-1 outbred populations. We used these data to describe the genetic architecture of the J:ARC population including heterozygosity, minor allele frequency, LD decay, and we defined novel, protein-coding sequence variation. These data reveal the expected genetic architecture for a properly maintained outbred stock and provide a basis for the on-going genetic quality control. We also compared these data to protein-coding variation found in a multiparent outbred stock, the Diversity Outbred (J:DO). We found that the more recently derived, multiparent outbred stock has significantly higher interindividual variability, greater overall genetic variation, higher heterozygosity, and fewer novel variants than the Swiss-derived J:ARC stock. However, among the novel variants found in the J:DO stock, significantly more are predicted to be protein-damaging. The fact that individuals from this population can tolerate a higher load of potentially damaging variants highlights the buffering effects of allelic diversity and the differing selective pressures in these stocks. While both outbred stocks offer significant individual heterozygosity, our data provide a molecular basis for their intended applications, where the J:DO are best suited for studies requiring maximum, population-level genetic diversity and power for mapping, while the J:ARC are best suited as a general-purpose outbred stock with robust fecundity, relatively low allelic diversity, and less potential for extreme phenotypic variability.
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Herpetospermum pedunculosum (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Yang Yixi , Zhang Bowen , Bao Ying , Huang Peng , Li Jian , Li Rui , Zhao Qi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study presents a chromosome-level reference genome assembly of a traditional Tibetan medicinal plant, Herpetospermum pedunculosum belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Following a combined PacBio high-fidelity sequencing and Hi-C analysis, a final H. pedunculosum genome assembly, 804.11 Mb in length was obtained, 90.45% of which was anchored into ten pseudochromosomes with a contig N50 of 24.39 Mb. In addition, 579.55 Mb repetitive sequences and 23,924 high-confidence protein-coding genes were annotated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H. pedunculosum was sister to a clade formed by cucumber, zucchini, and wax gourd. Further whole-genome duplication analysis revealed no recent polyploidization event in the H. pedunculosum genome. The high-quality H. pedunculosum genome presented here will be highly useful in investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of its active compounds and adaptation strategies to the extreme environment. It will also provide great insights into comparative genomic studies of Cucurbitaceae and flowering plants.