bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphocytes Bearing Fc Receptors for IgE
Authors: Yodoi Junji , Ishizaka Teruko , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The proportion of lymphocytes bearing receptors for IgE (FcεR) markedly increased after infection of rats with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb). The FcεR-bearing lymphocytes from the infected animals bound more IgE-coated erythrocytes in rosette assay than FcεR-bearing cells from normal rats, suggesting that the number of FcεR per cell may also increase following the infection. In contrast, the number of IgE-receptors on peritoneal mast cells did not change after Nb infection. The increase in the proportion of FcεR-bearing lymphocytes in Nb-infected rats is probably due to an increased concentration of IgE in the environment. The proportion of FcεR-bearing cells in normal rat lymphocyte suspensions increased by culture of the cells with rat IgE of 1 µg/ml or higher concentration. Other immunoglobulins such as rat IgG, human IgE, or rabbit IgG failed to induce either FcεR-bearing cells or FcγR-bearing cells. It was also found that induction of Fc receptors by rat IgE is confined to FcεR. Kinetic studies on the induction of FcεR-bearing lymphocytes in vitro showed that the proportion of these cells in lymphocyte suspensions increased within 8 hr incubation with rat IgE but not within 4 hr. Evidence was obtained that both RNA synthesis and protein synthesis, but no DNA synthesis, are required for the induction of FcεR-bearing cells or the expression of the receptors on the cell surface.
Immune Response Gene Control of Determinant Selection
Authors: Rosenwasser Lanny J. , Barcinski Marcello A. , Schwartz Ronald H. , Rosenthal Alan S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetic control of the murine T cell proliferative response to insulin was examined. It was found for two responder strains of mice that each recognizes a different determinant on the insulin molecule. H-2b mice recognize a determinant in the A chain loop of insulin whereas H-2d mice recognize a determinant that resides in the B chain, possibly in the last eight amino acids. Using H-2 recombinant strains of mice, the location of Ir gene control of the response to both determinants was mapped to the K region and/or I-A subregion of H-2. The possibility of non-MHC regulation of MHC-controlled immune responses is suggested by studies of recombinant inbred strains of mice.
Carrier Effect During the Course of Experimental Schistosomiasis: Suppression of the Response to TNP-Schistosomula in Rats and Inbred Mice
Authors: Ramalho-Pinto F. Juarez , Smithers S. Ronald , Playfair John H. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The helper T cell response of the mouse and rat to infection with Schistosoma mansoni was measured by using schistosomula as a carrier for the hapten TNP. After infection, both hosts showed a high level of helper T cell activity with a peak response between 8 to 10 days after exposure to cercariae. As infection progressed and protective immunity developed, there was a steady decline in the level of helper T cell activity as detected by the anti-TNP assay, and the response could not be restimulated by a second infection. Mice vaccinated with 30 formalin-fixed schistosomula gave a helper T cell response equivalent to that of infected mice, but their response remained at a high level for at least 24 weeks. Antibody to schistosomula was detected in the serum of mice 5 weeks after infection and reached high titers by week 11; no antibody was detected in vaccinated mice. The passive transfer of serum from 8- to 13-week infected mice reduced the PFC response after injection of TNP-schistosomula in 8- to 10-day infected mice and in vaccinated animals, suggesting that anti-carrier antibody was responsible for the depression of helper T cell activity. IgG purified from the serum of 16- to 17-week infected mice by affinity chromatography with a Sepharose-protein A gel specifically suppressed T cell cooperation to the schistosomular surface. The decline in helper T cell activity in schistosome-infected mice may not indicate a decrease in the number of helper T cells to schistosomula in chronically infected animals, but could reflect the blocking by anti-carrier antibody of the cooperation between T cells and the hapten-committed B cells.
Suppression of the in Vitro Secondary Response to Syngeneic Tumor and of in Vitro Tumor Therapy with Immune Cells by Culture-Induced Suppressor Cells
Authors: Greenberg Philip D. , Cheever Martin , Fefer Alexander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice with advanced disseminated syngeneic tumor can be successfully treated with a combination of chemotherapy and adoptively transferred syngeneic immune cells. We have previously demonstrated that in vivo primed cells secondarily sensitized in vitro became more effective in tumor therapy, whereas primed cells cultured for 5 days without tumor stimulation became less effective than an equal number of uncultured fresh primed cells. Therefore, we examined stimulated and unstimulated cultures of tumor-primed cells for the presence of culture-induced suppressor cells, and determined whether in vivo tumor therapy with immune cells could be inhibited by concurrent inoculation of immune effector cells and cultured normal spleen cells, which contain culture-induced suppressor cells but are devoid of additional effector cells.
The in vitro primary allogeneic response was suppressed by cultured normal spleen cells, or tumor-primed spleen cells previously cultured for 5 days with or without tumor stimulation. In vitro secondary sensitization to syngeneic tumor was suppressed by normal or tumor-primed cells that had previously been cultured for 5 days without stimulation. The majority of this suppression was mediated by T cells in the cultured populations.
The efficacy of fresh tumor-primed cells, as well as primed cells secondarily sensitized in vitro, in adoptive chemoimmunotherapy of advanced tumor was diminished by concurrent inoculation of cultured normal cells. The cells mediating suppression of in vivo therapy required previous in vitro culture for induction, and were radiation sensitive.
Complement Receptor Binding of C3b-Coated Cells Treated with C3b Inactivator, β1H Globulin and Trypsin
Authors: Carlo Jaime R. , Ruddy Shaun , Studer Elaine J. , Conrad Daniel H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Treatment of 125I-C3b bound to EAC1423b with C3b inactivator (C3bINA) and β1H globulin (β1H) cleaved the α-chain of C3b into 65,000- and 42,000-dalton fragments, both of which remained disulfide-bonded to the intact β-chain (C3bi). Subsequent treatment with trypsin (0.1 µg/ml) released 125I into the supernatant and yielded cells coated with a 33,000-dalton fragment of α-chain, presumably C3d. These results are in agreement with those obtained by others using fluid phase C3b. C3b-coated cells (EAC1423b) adhered to complement (C) receptors on human erythrocytes, glomeruli, and monocytes. C3bi-coated cells adhered to the receptors on glomeruli and monocytes, but not to those on human erythrocytes. C3d-coated cells adhered only to the monocyte receptors. The findings suggest that the glomerular C receptor recognizes portions of the C3 molecule different from those recognized by either the erythrocyte or monocyte receptors.
Selective Localization of Radiolabeled Immune Lymphocytes into Syngeneic Tumors
Authors: Mulé J. J. , Jones F. R. , Hellström I. , Hellström K. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Newly formed long-lived small lymphocytes (LLSL) generated during the immunization of mice to tumor specific transplantation antigens (TSTA) of syngeneic MCA-induced sarcomas were labeled. We then studied the localization of these labeled cells into tumor implants. “Criss-cross” experiments were performed in which MCA sarcomas with individually distinct TSTA were studied in parallel. A selective localization of LLSL into tumors to which the lymphocytes were immune was found when small tumor pieces were implanted into immune mice whose LLSL had been labeled. Selective localization was also detected upon adoptive transfer of immune LLSL to tumor-bearing mice, but only when these mice had, before transfer, received a sublethal dose of whole body irradiation.
T-T Interactions in the Induction of Antigen-Specific Human Suppressor T Lymphocytes in Vitro
Authors: Uytdehaag Fons , Heijnen Cobi J. , Pot Kees H. , Ballieux Rudy E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We intended to investigate whether the suppression of antigen-induced antibody responses in vitro in man by T suppressor cells required contact of T suppressor cells with target cells or whether this effect was mediated by factors released by T suppressor cells. To this end supernatants of antigen-induced T suppressor cells were tested (by a plaque forming cell assay) for their capacity to suppress antibody responses of autologous and allogeneic human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
We have shown that supernatants of antigen-specific T suppressor cells, designated as TsF24: a) can suppress an antibody response of autologous but not allogeneic lymphocytes to the inducing antigen; b) are antigen-specific in their effect; and 3) are produced by radiosensitive T cells. Furthermore, the target of the factor is a radiosensitive T cell. These findings taken together indicate that, in the generation of T-effector suppressor cells in man, T-T interactions occur, and in addition, that cellfree factors may be involved in these interactions.
Immunoglobulin Classes Implicated in Intestinal Disturbances of Calves Associated with Soya Protein Antigens
Authors: Barratt Michael E. J. , Porter Philip 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Calves fed diets containing soya protein develop high levels of serum antibody mainly of the IgG1 class which precipitates antigen and fixes complement. Passively acquired maternal antibody is associated with a significantly elevated response, and delaying the introduction of the soya antigen from 1 week to 4 weeks of age is associated with a significant decrease in the response.
Very few calves, 3 out of 80, were found to display classical signs of immediate-type hypersensitivity to dietary soya protein. One calf, however, exhibited extreme sensitivity, with demonstrable localized anaphylaxis and PCA in recipient calves. This calf was examined in greater detail in terms of its intestinal antibody response and compared with calves exhibiting the IgG1 complement-fixing precipitin reaction which occurs as the “conventional” response to the antigen in all calves fed on the soya protein.
A rationale for the surprising level of serum antibody response to the dietary antigen is based on current hypotheses relating to the cooperative action of gastrointestinal antibodies and enzymes. Examination of the immunoglobulin classes present in the secretions of Thiry Vella loops demonstrated a low level of specific antibody associated with IgM and IgA classes. Perfusion of the loops with soya protein extracts resulted in a dramatic release of antibody activity in the hypersensitive calf with a change of specific activity to the IgG class. This antibody secretion coincided with the detection of a transient homocytotropic antibody response in the loop secretion. In calves exhibiting the “conventional” IgG1 blood serum antibody response, insignificant amounts of antibody of any immunoglobulin class were released into the lumen.
The Requirement for Macrophages in the Augmentation of Natural Killer Cell Activity by BCG
Authors: Tracey Daniel E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Intraperitoneal injection of BCG gives rise to a rapid augmentation of peritoneal natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice. Depletion of macrophages in vivo by injection of silica particles markedly diminished BCG-induced NK cell augmentation. In contrast, short-term in vitro treatment of BCG-induced peritoneal exudate cells (BCG-PEC) with silica did not affect NK cell activity, despite considerable toxicity to macrophages. The mechanism of BCG-induced enhancement of NK cell activity was evaluated with an in vivo inductive transfer system. Intraperitoneal transfer of BCG-PEC, but not normal peritoneal cells, induced cytotoxic activity in recipient PEC as measured 1 to 10 days later. That this cytotoxic activity was due to NK cells was shown by their lability at 37°C and by their adherence properties. Macrophages were required for the induction of NK cell augmentation, as it was shown that 3-day BCG-PEC depleted of phagocytic cells, adherent cells, or Fc receptor-bearing cells failed to induce NK activity. Furthermore, cell-free supernatants of 24-hr cultures of 3-day BCG-PEC were also active in inducing NK cell enhancement in vivo. These results suggest that the augmentation of NK cell activity by BCG involves cell-derived soluble factors and it requires macrophages during the induction phase, but not for the lytic expression of NK cells.
Killing of Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni by Normal Human Monocytes
Authors: Ellner Jerrold J. , Mahmoud Adel A. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
All mammalian species exhibit some degree of innate resistance to infection with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni. This is manifest experimentally by the discrepancy between the number of infecting cercariae and the resulting mature worm load (1). Even in the most susceptible species, such as the hamster and mouse, no more than 40 to 60% of infecting organisms develop into adult worms (2). In vitro systems have been used to elucidate potential mechanisms of schistosomula killing (3–8). However, the recognized mechanisms all are predicated upon prior schistosomiasis with the development of specific antibodies (3, 4), the availability of eosinophils (5–7), or activation of macrophages (8). The current studies were designed to evaluate possible contributions of circulatory leukocytes to naturally occurring resistance to schistosomiasis. They show that cells derived from circulatory human monocytes can kill schistosomula independent of specific antibody and complement (C).
Materials and Methods. Cell preparations.
Characterization of a Spontaneous Murine B Cell Leukemia (BCL1)
Authors: Knapp M. R. , Severinson-Gronowicz E. , Schröder J. , Strober S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A spontaneous BALB/c B lymphocyte leukemia could be stimulated in vitro by the polyclonal B cell activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the conditions for activation were studied. Spleen cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes from tumor-bearing animals responded by increased DNA synthesis and the peak of activation occurred earlier than with normal mouse spleen cells. Tumor cells harvested from the spleen, but not from the peripheral blood, could be induced by LPS to secrete IgM. Direct demonstration that the response was due to tumor cell activation and not that of contaminating normal B lymphocytes was provided by karyotype analysis and by immunoprecipitation, which showed the restriction of light chains on secreted IgM molecules to the λ isotype.
The Ability of the Murine Placenta to Absorb Monoclonal Anti-Fetal H-2K antibody from the Maternal Circulation
Authors: Wegmann Thomas G. , Mosmann Timothy R. , Carlson George A. , Olijnyk Orysia , Singh Bhagirath 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One of the major unresolved questions in transplantation immunology is the mechanism that prevents the mother from rejecting her allogeneic offspring in utero (1). A number of investigators have proposed that the placenta could serve as a histocompatibility antigen-containing immunoabsorbent barrier between mother and fetus, preventing potentially harmful maternal antibodies from reaching the fetus (2–7). We have recently obtained direct evidence for this by injecting partially-purified radiolabeled antibodies directed against the paternal strain H-2 haplotype into the maternal circulation during pregnancy (6, 7). We found that the antibody differentially accumulated in the placenta exclusively, and only when the fetus bore the target H-2 haplotype, although the exact component(s) of H-2 being recognized was not defined. Fetectomy experiments ruled out the fetal circulation as an immediate source for the immunoabsorbent effect.
In this communication we report confirmation of these findings by using a highly purified monoclonal antibody directed solely against a K region antigen coded for by the fetal H-2 haplotype.
The Carboxy-Terminal Peptides of in vitro Precursor and in vivo Mature κ Light Chains Are Identical
Authors: Rose Stephen M. , Kuehl W. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Protein structural analysis of several precursor light chains indicates that these in vitro products include a cysteine-containing tryptic peptide that is indistinguishable from the carboxy-terminal tryptic tripeptide present in in vivo mature κ light chains. It is concluded that although in vitro precursor light chains contain an additional amino-terminal sequence, their carboxy-terminus is the same as that found in in vivo mature light chains.
Structural Similarities between C6 and C7 of Human Complement
Authors: Podack Eckhard R. , Kolb William P. , Esser Alfred F. , Müller-Eberhard Hans J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new method for the isolation of C6 and C7 by affinity chromatography of human serum with anti-C6 and anti-C7 coupled to Sepharose is described. C6 and C7 prepared by this method are hemolytically fully active, homogeneous proteins obtained in 25% yield. A comparison of the properties of isolated C6 and C7 gave the following results: The amino acid composition of the two proteins is very similar. The m.w. calculated from the amino acid content is 124,800 for C6 and 120,800 for C7. Both components are single chain glycoproteins migrating upon electrophoresis at pH 8.6 as β2-globulins. Both proteins are polymorphic as detected by isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels and range in their isoelectric points from pH 6.15 to 6.7. The UV spectra reveal only minor differences; the extinction coefficients are: EC6 = 1.71 cm2 × mg-1 and EC7 = 1.92 cm2 × mg-1. CD-spectra show 8% α-helix and 10% β-structure for C6 and 10% α-helix and 14% β-structure for C7. The structural similarities of C6 and C7 suggest their evolution from a common ancestral gene.
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in the Lewis Rat: Studies on the Mechanism of Recovery from Disease and Acquired Resistance to Reinduction
Authors: Willenborg David O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the Lewis rat is an acute, self-limiting disease. Rechallenge of convalescent rats shortly after recovery leads to the reinduction of a mild, brief clinical episode. With increasing time after primary sensitization, rats become resistant to reinduction of both clinical and histologic signs of EAE. Convalescent rats that are resistant to reinduction of disease retain specific antigen-reactive cells, as evidenced by the ability of their lymphocytes to response in vitro to basic protein (BP). Spleen cells from convalescent rats can be used to reconstitute the lymphomyeloid apparatus of lethally irradiated rats. These reconstituted rats develop EAE in a normal fashion. These experiments provide evidence against clonal deletion as the mechanism of recovery from and resistance to reinduction of EAE and suggest the operation of an active suppressor mechanism. Although resistant to active reinduction of disease, convalescent rats do not appear to represent a suppressive environment for passive induction of disease. Sensitized lymphocytes capable of inducting EAE in naive recipients are not inactivated when transferred into convalescent recipients. The passively induced disease in convalescent rats is equal in severity to disease in naive recipients but shows a difference in the distribution of lesions with involvement of the cerebellum in the former but not the latter.
Role of Lipids in the Immune Response
Authors: Wolf Raoul L. , Merler Ezio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphocyte mitogenic factor (LMF) is a lymphokine produced by dividing T cells. An activity coeluting with LMF from a Sephadex resin is extractable from LMF with chloroform-methanol. It enhances but does not initiate antibody formation measured by generation of plaque-forming cells (PFC). It does not cause proliferation of B cells. This activity elutes from a silicic acid column and produces a pattern on thin layer chromatography that suggests that the compound(s) responsible for the activity is a polar lipid.
The Cytolytic T Lymphocyte Response to Trinitrophenyl-Modified Syngeneic Cells
Authors: Finberg Robert , Burakoff Steven J. , Benacerraf Baruj , Greene Mark I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The subcutaneous administration of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-coupled syngeneic cells 7 days before co-culture with TNP-coupled syngeneic stimulator cells results in increased cytolytic activity. This augmented cytotoxic response has been shown to be dependent, at least partially, on radioresistant “helper” T cells. In this paper we have demonstrated that TNBS-generated suppressor T cells that are capable of suppressing contact sensitivity can specifically suppress the augmented response seen after subcutaneous priming. The i.v. administration of TNP-coupled cells results in priming of the recipient; however, if cells from these animals are transferred to a second recipient, there is evidence of suppressor activity. Thus, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response is controlled by the same type of complex interactions previously demonstrated for humoral and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses.
Cell-Mediated Immune Response to Syngeneic UV-Induced Tumors
Authors: Woodward Jerold G. , Daynes Raymond A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Both I-A and I-E subregion-coded antigens were shown to be present on the accessory cell required for a tumor immune response in vitro. Draining lymph node (DLN) cells from mice immunized in the hind footpad with tumor cells proliferate and differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) after 4 days in vitro. Both proliferation and differentiation of CTL activity in vitro require the presence of an adherent, radioresistant, Thy-1 negative and Ia-positive accessory cell. The pretreatment of DLN cells with anti-Iak antisera + C caused a marked reduction in accessory cell function that was restored upon addition of 1000 rad irradiated DLN or spleen cells. Absorption experiments demonstrated that removal of both I-A and I-E subregion specificities from anti-Iak antisera was necessary to deplete the antisera of cytotoxic activity against DLN accessory cells. Antisera specific for the A, B, and J subregions as well as antisera specific for the J, E subregions or E, C subregions were also effective at removing accessory cell activity from DLN cells. One of these antisera possessed activity against only specificity Ia.7 of the Ek haplotype, suggesting the expression of Ia.7 on the accessory cell. Antigens coding in the I-J subregion could not be detected when an antiserum with known anti-suppressor cell activity was used. These results suggest the expression of I-A and I-E subregion-coded antigens on the accessory cell, and data are presented indicating that both antigens are expressed on the same cell.