bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiographic screening for left ventricular systolic dysfunction and mortality risk prediction
Authors: Huang Yu-Chang , Hsu Yu-Chun , Liu Zhi-Yong , Lin Ching-Heng , Tsai Richard , Chen Jung-Sheng , Chang Po-Cheng , Liu Hao-Tien , Lee Wen-Chen , Wo Hung-Ta , Chou Chung-Chuan , Wang Chun-Chieh , Wen Ming-Shien , Kuo Chang-Fu 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundLeft ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) characterized by a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is associated with adverse patient outcomes. We aimed to build a deep neural network (DNN)-based model using standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to screen for LVSD and stratify patient prognosis.MethodsThis retrospective chart review study was conducted using data from consecutive adults who underwent ECG examinations at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan between October 2007 and December 2019. DNN models were developed to recognize LVSD, defined as LVEF &lt;40%, using original ECG signals or transformed images from 190,359 patients with paired ECG and echocardiogram within 14 days. The 190,359 patients were divided into a training set of 133,225 and a validation set of 57,134. The accuracy of recognizing LVSD and subsequent mortality predictions were tested using ECGs from 190,316 patients with paired data. Of these 190,316 patients, we further selected 49,564 patients with multiple echocardiographic data to predict LVSD incidence. We additionally used data from 1,194,982 patients who underwent ECG only to assess mortality prognostication. External validation was performed using data of 91,425 patients from Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan.ResultsThe mean age of patients in the testing dataset was 63.7 ± 16.3 years (46.3% women), and 8,216 patients (4.3%) had LVSD. The median follow-up period was 3.9 years (interquartile range 1.5–7.9 years). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity of the signal-based DNN (DNN-signal) to identify LVSD were 0.95, 0.91, and 0.86, respectively. DNN signal-predicted LVSD was associated with age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.53–2.62) for all-cause mortality and 6.09 (5.83–6.37) for cardiovascular mortality. In patients with multiple echocardiograms, a positive DNN prediction in patients with preserved LVEF was associated with an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 8.33 (7.71 to 9.00) for incident LVSD. Signal- and image-based DNNs performed equally well in the primary and additional datasets.ConclusionUsing DNNs, ECG becomes a low-cost, clinically feasible tool to screen LVSD and facilitate accurate prognostication.
Integrated whole-genome gene expression analysis reveals an atlas of dynamic immune landscapes after myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Yujue , Chen Yu , Zhang Teng 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMyocardial infarction (MI) is a deadly medical condition leading to irreversible damage to the inflicted cardiac tissue. Elevated inflammatory response marks the severity of MI and is associated with the development of heart failure (HF), a long-term adverse outcome of MI. However, the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapies for MI remains controversial. Deciphering the dynamic transcriptional signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a viable and translatable route to better understand post-MI inflammation, which may help guide post-MI anti-inflammatory treatments.MethodsIn this work, integrated whole-genome gene expression analysis was performed to explore dynamic immune landscapes associated with MI.ResultsGSEA and GSVA showed that pathways involved in the inflammatory response and metabolic reprogramming were significantly enriched in PBMCs from MI patients. Based on leukocyte profiles generated by xCell algorithm, the relative abundance of monocytes and neutrophils was significantly increased in PBMCs from MI patients and had positive correlations with typical inflammation-associated transcripts. Mfuzz clustering revealed temporal gene expression profiles of PBMCs during the 6-month post-MI follow-up. Analysis of DEGs and gene sets indicated that PBMCs from HF group were characterized by elevated and lasting expression of genes implicated in inflammation and coagulation. Consensus clustering generated 4 metabolic subtypes of PBMCs with molecular heterogeneity in HF patients.DiscussionIn summary, integrated whole-genome gene expression analysis here outlines a transcriptomic framework that may improve the understanding of dynamic signatures present in PBMCs, as well as the heterogeneity of PBMCs in MI patients with or without long-term clinical outcome of HF. Moreover, the work here uncovers the diversity and heterogeneity of PBMCs from HF patients, providing novel bioinformatic evidence supporting the mechanistic implications of metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction in the post-MI inflammation and HF. Therefore, our work here supports the notion that individualized anti-inflammatory therapies are needed to improve the clinical management of post-MI patients.
Associations of albumin and nutritional index factors with delirium in patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Kim Tae Wan , Ko Ryoung Eun , Na Soo Jin , Chung Chi Ryang , Choi Ki Hong , Park Chi-Min , Yang Jeong Hoon 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundLimited data are available on the association of malnutrition with the occurrence of delirium in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). Thus, we aimed to analyze whether nutritional indices and their components can predict the development of delirium in CICU.MethodsWe enrolled 2,783 patients admitted to the CICU of Samsung Medical Center for more than 24 h between September 2012 and December 2018. We assessed the nutritional status at admission using three indices, the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI), the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT). Then, we compared predictive performances for the occurrence of delirium among nutritional indices using Delong’s test.ResultsDelirium developed in 678 patients (24.3%) assessed three times daily for 7 days of CICU stay. Nutritional indices had fair predictive performance for development of delirium in critically ill cardiac patients using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC: 0.729 for the GNRI, 0.728 for PNI, and 0.762 for CONUT). Furthermore, the AUROC of albumin alone (0.77, 95% CI, 0.75–0.79) was significantly greater than that of either GNRI (p &lt; 0.001) or PNI (p &lt; 0.001). In a multivariable analysis including each component of nutritional indices, albumin was a significant predictor for delirium but not absolute lymphocyte count, bodyweight/ideal bodyweight, or total cholesterol level as a component of nutritional indices.ConclusionPredictive performances of nutritional indices for the occurrence of delirium were acceptable in patients admitted to CICU. Albumin alone might be a helpful and straightforward indicator for the occurrence of delirium.
Modelling blood flow in patients with heart valve disease using deep learning: A computationally efficient method to expand diagnostic capabilities in clinical routine
Authors: Yevtushenko Pavlo , Goubergrits Leonid , Franke Benedikt , Kuehne Titus , Schafstedde Marie 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe computational modelling of blood flow is known to provide vital hemodynamic parameters for diagnosis and treatment-support for patients with valvular heart disease. However, most diagnosis/treatment-support solutions based on flow modelling proposed utilize time- and resource-intensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and are therefore difficult to implement into clinical practice. In contrast, deep learning (DL) algorithms provide results quickly with little need for computational power. Thus, modelling blood flow with DL instead of CFD may substantially enhances the usability of flow modelling-based diagnosis/treatment support in clinical routine. In this study, we propose a DL-based approach to compute pressure and wall-shear-stress (WSS) in the aorta and aortic valve of patients with aortic stenosis (AS).MethodsA total of 103 individual surface models of the aorta and aortic valve were constructed from computed tomography data of AS patients. Based on these surface models, a total of 267 patient-specific, steady-state CFD simulations of aortic flow under various flow rates were performed. Using this simulation data, an artificial neural network (ANN) was trained to compute spatially resolved pressure and WSS using a centerline-based representation. An unseen test subset of 23 cases was used to compare both methods.ResultsANN and CFD-based computations agreed well with a median relative difference between both methods of 6.0% for pressure and 4.9% for wall-shear-stress. Demonstrating the ability of DL to compute clinically relevant hemodynamic parameters for AS patients, this work presents a possible solution to facilitate the introduction of modelling-based treatment support into clinical practice.
Highly active MgO catalysts for hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone using formic acid as the hydrogen source
Authors: Sultana Asima , Lomate Samadhan , Fujitani Tadahiro 
Published: March 2023

This study presents an evaluation of catalytic performance of unsupported simple oxide catalysts with varying acid-base properties for the vapor phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) using formic acid (FA) in an aqueous medium. Among the different oxides tested MgO catalyst is found to be highly active. Between the MgO prepared by different methods and commercially obtained, the MgO-UBE showed 100% LA conversion and 100% selectivity to GVL at 270°C. The MgO-UBE catalyst favorably allowed the production of γ-valerolactone in the presence of 50 wt% water relative to the amount of a mixture of levulinic acid and formic acid. Based on the catalytic activity and characterization results, it was concluded that the presence of Mg (OH)2 and a higher number of Lewis acid-base pair sites, Mg2+LCO2−LC are needed to achieve high LA conversion and selectivity to GVL.
Lithium-CO2 batteries and beyond
Authors: Pathak Anil D. , Adhikari Pashupati R. , Choi Wonbong 
Published: March 2023

Li-CO2 batteries with a theoretical energy density of 1,876 Wh kg−1 are attractive as a promising energy storage strategy and as an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by CO2 reduction and the formation of discharge product Li2CO3 and carbon. This article provides critical perspectives on the development of Li-CO2 batteries as well as a description of current issues and challenges associated with cathode catalysts, electrolyte, and anode for Li-CO2 batteries. Furthermore, the development and deployment of materials to overcome these challenges of Li-CO2 batteries are discussed briefly. Finally, a systematic analysis of beyond Li-CO2 batteries (other Metal-CO2 batteries) as a potential research direction in the development of energy storage and CO2 fixation and utilization in practical applications is provided.
The influence of digital development on China’s carbon emission efficiency: In the view of economic and environmental balance
Authors: Ding Yuan , Yang Yalan 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: With the worsening global climate problem, carbon peak and carbon neutrality have become crucial objects to realize sustainable development. Regarded as the engine of economic development in the new era, it is worth exploring whether digitalization could contribute to carbon goals. Meanwhile, carbon reduction should not be advocated at the cost of economic recession and contains the risk of reversal when the economy renews in growth.Material and Methods: This paper evaluates carbon efficiency using the total factor non-radial directional distance function, which reflects the economic performance and environmental performance of 246 China’s prefecture-level cities during 2011–2019. Fixed effect and mediation effect models are used to explore the non-linear relationship and transmission channels between digital development and carbon efficiency.Results: It is found that: 1) digital development would hinder carbon efficiency first and then promote it after reaching a certain level; 2) digital development could indirectly affect carbon efficiency through industrial agglomeration, industrial structure upgrading, and industrial electricity productivity in non-linear ways. 3) Heterogeneity exists in the relationship between digital development and carbon efficiency due to different regions and development types.Discussion: Due to digital development itself having high carbon-negative externalities at the initial stage, its impact on carbon efficiency is complex and non-liner even when decomposing through multiple channels. A well-structured development strategy is needed during the digitalization process in order to prompt carbon efficiency.
The lack of genetic variation underlying thermal transcriptomic plasticity suggests limited adaptability of the Northern shrimp, Pandalus borealis
Authors: Leung Christelle , Guscelli Ella , Chabot Denis , Bourret Audrey , Calosi Piero , Parent Geneviève J. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionGenetic variation underlies the populations’ potential to adapt to and persist in a changing environment, while phenotypic plasticity can play a key role in buffering the negative impacts of such change at the individual level.MethodsWe investigated the role of genetic variation in the thermal response of the northern shrimp Pandalus borealis, an ectotherm species distributed in the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. More specifically, we estimated the proportion transcriptomic responses explained by genetic variance of female shrimp from three origins after 30 days of exposure to three temperature treatments.ResultsWe characterized the P. borealis transcriptome (170,377 transcripts, of which 27.48% were functionally annotated) and then detected a total of 1,607 and 907 differentially expressed transcripts between temperatures and origins, respectively. Shrimp from different origins displayed high but similar level of transcriptomic plasticity in response to elevated temperatures. Differences in transcript expression among origins were not correlated to population genetic differentiation or diversity but to environmental conditions at origin during sampling.DiscussionThe lack of genetic variation explaining thermal plasticity suggests limited adaptability in this species’ response to future environmental changes. These results together with higher mortality observed at the highest temperature indicate that the thermal niche of P. borealis will likely be restricted to higher latitudes in the future. This prediction concurs with current decreases in abundance observed at the southern edge of this species geographical distribution, as it is for other cold-adapted crustaceans.
Hepatic gene expression profiles during fed–fasted–refed state in mice
Authors: Ji Nana , Xiang Liping , Zhou Bing , Lu Yan , Zhang Min 
Published: March 2023

Background: Regulation of nutrient status during fasting and refeeding plays an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in the liver. Thus, we investigated the impact of the physiological Fed–Fast–Refed cycle on hepatic gene expression in nutrient-sensitive mice.Methods: We performed transcriptomic analysis of liver samples in fed, fasted and refed groups of mice. Through mRNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and miRNA-Seq, we compared fasted and fed states (fasted versus fed cohort) as well as refed and fasted states (refed versus fasted cohort) to detect dynamic alterations of hepatic mRNA–miRNA expression during the fed–fasted–refed cycle.Results: We found dozens of dysregulated mRNAs–miRNAs in the transition from fed to fasted and from fasted to refed states. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that gene expression of the two cohorts shared common pathways of regulation, especially for lipid and protein metabolism. We identified eight significant mRNA and three miRNA clusters that were up–downregulated or down–upregulated during the Fed–Fast–Refed cycle. A protein–protein interaction network of dysregulated mRNAs was constructed and clustered into 22 key modules. The regulation between miRNAs and target mRNAs was presented in a network. Up to 42 miRNA–mRNA-pathway pairs were identified to be involved in metabolism. In lipid metabolism, there were significant correlations between mmu-miR-296-5p and Cyp2u1 and between mmu-miR-novel-chr19_16777 and Acsl3.Conclusion: Collectively, our data provide a valuable resource for the molecular characterization of the physiological Fed–Fast–Refed cycle in the liver.
Characterization of prognostic value and immunological roles of RAB22A in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wen Fukai , Meng Fanshuai , Li Xuewen , Li Qingyu , Liu Jiaming , Zhang Rui , Zhao Yunzheng , Zhang Yu , Wang Xin , Ju Shuai , Cui Yifeng , Lu Zhaoyang 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe protein-coding gene RAB22A, a member of the RAS oncogene family, is amplified or overexpressed in certain cancers. However, its action mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to examine the connection between RAB22A and survival prognosis in HCC and explore the biological significance of RAB22A.MethodsA database-based pan-cancer expression analysis of RAB22A was performed. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression were performed to evaluate the association between RAB22A expression and survival prognosis in HCC. Using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), various potential biological functions and regulatory pathways of RAB22A in HCC were discovered. Tumor immune infiltration was studied using the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method. N6-methyladenosine modifications and the regulatory network of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) were verified in the TCGA cohort.ResultsRAB22A was upregulated in HCC samples and cell lines. A high RAB22A expression in HCC was strongly correlated with sex, race, age, weight, TNM stage, pathological stage, tumor status, histologic grade, TP53 mutation status, and alpha fetal protein (AFP) levels. Overexpression of RAB22A indicated a poor prognosis was related to overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI). GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes related to RAB22A might be involved in the proteasomal protein catabolic process, ncRNA processing, ribosome ribosomal subunit, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, protein serine kinase activity, Endocytosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. GSEA analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes related to RAB22A might be involved in the T cell receptor, a co-translational protein, that binds to the membrane, axon guidance, ribosome, phagocytosis, and Eukaryotic translation initiation. RAB22A was correlated with N6-methyladenosine expression in HCC and established RAB22A-related ceRNA regulatory networks. Finally,RAB22A expression was positively connected the levels of infiltrating with T helper cells, Tcm cells, and Th2 cells,In contrast, we observed negatively correlations with cytotoxic cells, DCs, and pDCs cells.Moreover,RAB22A expression showed a strong correlation with various immunomarkergroups in HCC.ConclusionsRAB22A is a potential therapeutic target for improving HCC prognosis and is closely related to immune cell infiltration.
Diversity of immune responses in children highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Úbeda María , Maza María del Carmen , Delgado Pilar , Horndler Lydia , Abia David , García-Bermejo Laura , Serrano-Villar Sergio , Calvo Cristina , Bastolla Ugo , Sainz Talia , Fresno Manuel 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundChildren are less susceptible than adults to symptomatic COVID‐19 infection, but very few studies addressed their underlying cause. Moreover, very few studies analyzed why children highly exposed to the virus remain uninfected.MethodsWe analyzed the serum levels of ACE2, angiotensin II, anti-spike and anti-N antibodies, cytokine profiles, and virus neutralization in a cohort of children at high risk of viral exposure, cohabiting with infected close relatives during the lockdown in Spain.ResultsWe analyzed 40 children who were highly exposed to the virus since they lived with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected relatives during the lockdown for several months without taking preventive measures. Of those, 26 reported mild or very mild symptoms. The induced immune response to the virus was analyzed 3 months after the household infection. Surprisingly, only 15 children had IgG anti-S (IgG+) determined by a sensitive method indicative of a past infection. The rest, negative for IgG anti-N or S in various tests, could be further subdivided, according to IgM antibodies, into those having IgM anti-S and IgM anti-N (IgG−IgMhigh) and those having only IgM anti-N (IgG−IgMlow). Interestingly, those two subgroups of children with IgM antibodies have strikingly different patterns of cytokines. The IgMhigh group had significantly higher IFN-α2 and IFN-γ levels as well as IL-10 and GM-CSF than the IgMlow group. In contrast, the IgMlow group had low levels of ACE2 in the serum. Both groups have a weaker but significant capacity to neutralize the virus in the serum than the IgG+ group. Two children were negative in all immunological antibody tests.ConclusionsA significant proportion of children highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 did not develop a classical adaptive immune response, defined by the production of IgG, despite being in close contact with infected relatives. A large proportion of those children show immunological signs compatible with innate immune responses (as secretion of natural antibodies and cytokines), and others displayed very low levels of the viral receptor ACE2 that may have protected them from the virus spreading in the body despite high and constant viral exposure.
Mitigating effects on target and by-catch species fished by drifting longlines using circle hooks in the South Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean)
Authors: Carbonara Pierluigi , Prato Giulia , Niedermüller Simone , Alfonso Sébastien , Neglia Cosmidano , Donnaloia Marilena , Lembo Giuseppe , Spedicato Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionLongline fishing gear has a higher by-catch rate than any other type of commercial fishing gear. Nowadays, there is an urgent need to find efficient management strategies to mitigate by-catch and the use of new hook types could be one of them. This study investigates the effects of a longline fishery (which targets swordfish, Xiphias gladius, in the South Adriatic Sea) replacing the traditional J-type hook with a circle hook (C-type hook) on target and by-catch species.MethodsFor this purpose, a fishing trip of nine days – with seven fishing sets – was monitored. For both targeted swordfish and by-catch specimens caught (i.e., blue shark, Prionace glauca; pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea; and loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta), data about the hook type used (J-type vs. C-type), the specimen size, and their capture condition were collected.Results and discussionWith all species, we observed no significant difference in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) or specimen lengths between the two hook types. In addition, the hook type did not significantly affect the capture condition of swordfish, pelagic stingray, or loggerhead turtle specimens; however, it significantly affected the capture condition of blue sharks. The percentage of blue shark specimens found in healthy condition was higher when using a C-type hook (71.5%) than when using a J-type hook (22.6%). Overall, these preliminary results suggest that the use of a C-type hook improves the condition of by-caught blue sharks without affecting the CPUE or size of the target species. In conclusion, the use of a C-type hook could reduce the detrimental effects of by-catch on some species in the Adriatic Sea; however, this finding needs to be confirmed by a study with a larger sample size.