bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sickness of the Revolution
Authors: Odabaei Milad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Conventional accounts of the 1979 Iranian revolution emphasize the loss of the revolution's “true” spirit in the violence of the Islamic state. In contrast, this essay foregrounds a recurring dream of parricide in the generation of children of revolutionaries to explore the fetishization of the revolution in such accounts. This dream refracts the violence and loss emphasized in the narratives of the revolution. In dethroning the fetish of the revolution, it enables a confrontation with the losses and limits of earlier theological and political paradigms indexed by the event of revolution. As a form of anthropological defamiliarization, the dream thus offers an opportunity for a speculative encounter with loss as a political-theological horizon of renewal.
Correlation analysis of systemic immune inflammatory index, Serum IL-35 and HMGB-1 with the severity and prognosis of sepsis
Authors: Ma Ke , Zhang Yajuan , Hao Jian , Zhao Jing , Qi Ying , Liu Cong 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To investigate the correlation between systemic immune inflammatory (SII) index, serum interleukin-35 (IL-35) and high mobility Group-Box one (HMGB-1) with the severity and prognosis of sepsis.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 209 patients with sepsis admitted to Ganzhou City People’s Hospital from October 2019 to October 2021. One hundred eighteen patients in Group-A had common sepsis, and 91 patients in Group-B had septic shock, which were subdivided into the survival Group-And the mortality Group-According to the 28d prognosis. The levels of SII, IL-35 and HMGB-1 in different groups were compared, and their correlation with the severity and prognosis of sepsis was analyzed.
Results: The levels of SII, IL-35 and HMGB-1 in Group-A were significantly lower than those in Group-B (p<0.05). The levels of SII, IL-35 and HMGB-1 in the survival group were significantly lower than those in the death group (p<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of SII, IL-35, and HMGB-1 were significantly positively correlated with the severity of sepsis (p<0.05), and significantly positively correlated with the prognosis of patients with sepsis (p<0.05).
Conclusion: SII, IL-35 and HMGB-1 are remarkably correlated with the severity and prognosis of patients with sepsis. With the increasing in SII, IL-35 and HMGB-1 levels, patients will suffer from severe disease progression and poor prognosis, which require more clinical attention.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6651
How to cite this: Ma K, Zhang Y, Hao J, Zhao J, Qi Y, Liu C. Correlation analysis of systemic immune inflammatory index, Serum IL-35 and HMGB-1 with the severity and prognosis of sepsis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6651
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linkages between poverty and food insecurity in Pakistan: Evidence from urban and rural households in Peshawar
Authors: Kibria Zeeshan , Nasim Khan Muhammad , Aleem Saima , Zia Ul Haq  
Published: January 2023

Objective: To assess household poverty, sanitation and hygiene practices, and food security in both urban and rural settlements of district Peshawar.
Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study from March 2019 to October 2019 in the urban and rural households of Peshawar, KPK. Using stratified random sampling, 554 households (HH) having children and young adolescents of age 5-19 years, adult men > 19 – 62 years, and adult women >19 - 62 years were included in this study. Data was collected using comprehensive tool comprised of all validated questionnaires and was analyzed using SPSS Version 24.0.
Results: Within the urban clusters, the maximum number of households (n=29) were from Gari Baloch and the minimum number of households (n=7) were from Gulberg. In the rural clusters, the maximum number of households surveyed (n=41) were from Lamara, minimum(n=21) was from Chargula. The average age of household heads was 44.5 ±12.5 with mean age slightly higher in urban areas (45.1 ±11.8) compared to 44.0 ±13.2 in rural areas. The mean poverty score was 56.8 (±11.6) with 72.1% non-poor households, and 94.2% households being food secure. Handwashing practices were highly prevalent among all the HH, however, handwashing practices before eating were comparatively lower in all HH (45.2%), lowest (37.8%) among rural households.
Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed both non-poor and food secure households with satisfactory water, hygiene and sanitation practices.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7122
How to cite this: Kibria Z, Khan MN, Aleem S, Zia ul Haq. Linkages between poverty and food insecurity in Pakistan: Evidence from urban and rural households in Peshawar. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7122
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
El nuevo orden jurídico internacional en materia tributaria
Authors: Mendoza López Doris Teresita 
Published: January 2023

En razón del reproche de la sociedad mundial por el aumento en las tasas impositivas al consumo y al ahorro, en consecuencia de la disminución en los ingresos fiscales en la mayoría de los países del orbe como resultado de los recientes modelos de negocios y sus cadenas de valor de las empresas globales, a través de los cuales se genera la mayor parte de la riqueza, distintos miembros de la comunidad internacional reclaman a los gobiernos y organismos internacionales el diseño de normas que regulen la fiscalidad de las transacciones comerciales-financieras desarrolladas en el escenario económico global. De ahí que, mediante mandato de los países del G20[1], en la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos​ (en adelante OCDE) se diseñan y se aprueban las medidas del “Plan de acción contra la erosión de la base imponible y el traslado de beneficios” (en adelante Plan de Acción OCDE/G20 o proyecto beps), en las que se concibe una nueva era en la tributación internacional, caracterizada por impulsar el cumplimiento tributario, el límite de las estrategias artificiosas de planeación fiscal para disminuir el pago de impuestos a la renta societaria, y el establecimiento del lenguaje fiscal universal.
En tanto, es justo que se vaticine el nacimiento del orden jurídico de tributación internacional construido mediante disposiciones gestadas en el seno de organismos supranacionales, conocidas en el ámbito académico como soft law, en virtud de ser adoptadas por un número importante de legislaciones nacionales.

[1] El grupo denominado como G20 se integra por Alemania, Arabia Saudita, Argentina, Australia, Brasil, Canadá, China, Estados Unidos, Francia, India, Indonesia, Italia, Japón, México, Reino Unido, República de Corea, Rusia, Sudáfrica, Turquía, y los países de la Unión Europea.
Parental Perceptions of Electronic Media Use by Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Non-Referred Children in Greece
Authors: Stampoltzis Aglaia , Voulkidou Efstathia 
Published: January 2023

<p style="text-align:justify">Television watching and video/computer playing are favorite leisure activities among children and adolescents. Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have several special characteristics in relation to attention and impulsivity compared with non-ADHD individuals. This study investigates parental perceptions of electronic media use among children and adolescents with ADHD and a control group. A total of 54 participants with ADHD and 51 controls aged 7-15 years old took part in the study. A questionnaire was constructed to collect quantitative data from parents. ADHD children tend to spend more time per day on electronic devices compared to non-referred children. Age but not gender seemed to affect the frequency of children’s media play. Inattention, anxiousness and disorganization are more common in the ADHD group in activities such as reading, doing homework, doing sports or playing with toys in comparison to media activities. Parents of both groups worry a lot about their child’s habits of videogame playing. Finally, parents of ADHD children recognize some of the benefits of videogames in the areas of memory, attention and motivation but not in the academic area. In conclusion, the present study highlights important aspects of the topic of media use by children with ADHD as well as risk factors to take into account. </p>
Diagnostic accuracy of the Panbio COVID-19 antigen rapid test device for SARS-CoV-2 detection in Kenya, 2021: A field evaluation
Authors: Irungu Jack Karuga , Munyua Peninah , Ochieng Caroline , Juma Bonventure , Amoth Patrick , Kuria Francis , Kiiru John , Makayotto Lyndah , Abade Ahmed , Bulterys Marc , Hunsperger Elizabeth , Emukule Gideon O. , Onyango Clayton , Samandari Taraz , Barr Beth A. Tippett , Akelo Victor , Weyenga Herman , Munywoki Patrick K. , Bigogo Godfrey , Otieno Nancy A. , Kisivuli Jackton Azenga , Ochieng Edwin , Nyaga Rufus , Hull Noah , Herman-Roloff Amy , Aman Rashid 
Published: January 2023

Background
Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential in limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reference standard, rRT-PCR, requires specialized laboratories, costly reagents, and a long turnaround time. Antigen RDTs provide a feasible alternative to rRT-PCR since they are quick, relatively inexpensive, and do not require a laboratory. The WHO requires that Ag RDTs have a sensitivity ≥80% and specificity ≥97%.

Methods
This evaluation was conducted at 11 health facilities in Kenya between March and July 2021. We enrolled persons of any age with respiratory symptoms and asymptomatic contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases. We collected demographic and clinical information and two nasopharyngeal specimens from each participant for Ag RDT testing and rRT-PCR. We calculated the diagnostic performance of the Panbio™ Ag RDT against the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) rRT-PCR test.

Results
We evaluated the Ag RDT in 2,245 individuals where 551 (24.5%, 95% CI: 22.8–26.3%) tested positive by rRT-PCR. Overall sensitivity of the Ag RDT was 46.6% (95% CI: 42.4–50.9%), specificity 98.5% (95% CI: 97.8–99.0%), PPV 90.8% (95% CI: 86.8–93.9%) and NPV 85.0% (95% CI: 83.4–86.6%). Among symptomatic individuals, sensitivity was 60.6% (95% CI: 54.3–66.7%) and specificity was 98.1% (95% CI: 96.7–99.0%). Among asymptomatic individuals, sensitivity was 34.7% (95% CI 29.3–40.4%) and specificity was 98.7% (95% CI: 97.8–99.3%). In persons with onset of symptoms <5 days (594/876, 67.8%), sensitivity was 67.1% (95% CI: 59.2–74.3%), and 53.3% (95% CI: 40.0–66.3%) among those with onset of symptoms >7 days (157/876, 17.9%). The highest sensitivity was 87.0% (95% CI: 80.9–91.8%) in symptomatic individuals with cycle threshold (Ct) values ≤30.

Conclusion
The overall sensitivity and NPV of the Panbio™ Ag RDT were much lower than expected. The specificity of the Ag RDT was high and satisfactory; therefore, a positive result may not require confirmation by rRT-PCR. The kit may be useful as a rapid screening tool only for symptomatic patients in high-risk settings with limited access to rRT-PCR. A negative result should be interpreted based on clinical and epidemiological information and may require retesting by rRT-PCR.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of singleton versus twin pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tu Fengming , Fei Aimei 
Published: January 2023

Background
There is limited evidence exploring the maternal and neonatal complications of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) following singleton or twin pregnancies. Further, there have been no reviews completed examining the possible risk factors associated with GDM in singleton compared to twin pregnancies. This study assesses the impact of GDM in singleton and twin pregnancies on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods
From 1954 to December 2021, a thorough literature search was conducted in the EMBASE, Cochrane, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases and search engines. The risk of bias was calculated using the Newcastle Ottawa (NO) scale. A random-effects model was applied and interpreted as pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Eight studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, with the quality of most studies being good to satisfactory. The risk of caesarean section (pooled OR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.22 to 0.46), small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates (pooled OR = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.84), preterm delivery (pooled OR = 0.07; 95%CI: 0.06 to 0.09), respiratory morbidity (pooled OR = 0.26; 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.37), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (pooled OR = 0.19; 95%CI: 0.10 to 0.40), and NICU admission (pooled OR = 0.18; 95%CI: 0.14 to 0.25) was significantly lower in singleton pregnancies with GDM than in twin pregnancies with GDM.

Conclusion
Maternal outcomes like caesarean section and neonatal outcomes like SGA neonates, preterm delivery, respiratory morbidity, hyperbilirubinemia, and NICU admission were significantly greater in twin pregnancies with GDM. It is important for clinicians and policymakers to focus intervention strategies on twin pregnancies with GDM.
Maternal Inflammatory Bowel Disease During Pregnancy and Infectious Disease in Offspring Younger Than 5 Years: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ren Tai , Yu Yongfu , Wang Hui , Li Fei , Zhang Jun , Li Jiong 
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Maternal inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during pregnancy may be associated with increased susceptibility to infection in offspring. We aimed to assess this association, taking into consideration the mediating role of anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) agents and adverse birth outcomes.

METHODS:
This population-based cohort study included all live-born singletons born in Denmark during 1995–2016 (n = 1,343,960). The exposure was maternal IBD. Main outcome of interest was offspring infection younger than 5 years, defined by either infection-related hospitalization or systemic antibiotic prescription, whose corresponding risk estimates were hazard ratios (HRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs), respectively. We applied an inverse probability-weighted marginal structural model for mediation analysis.

RESULTS:
Offspring born to mothers with Crohn's disease (CD) had an 18% increased risk of infection-related hospitalization (HR 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.26) and a 16% increased frequency of prescribed antibiotics (IRR 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.21). Anti-TNFα agents could explain 10% and 3% of the 2 estimated total associations, respectively, while a composite of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age could explain 4% and 0%, respectively. The association between prenatal anti-TNFα and frequency of antibiotics attenuated after additional adjustment for maternal CD (IRR from 1.23 [0.98–1.55] to 1.10 [0.87–1.40]). Maternal ulcerative colitis, however, was not associated with offspring infection.

DISCUSSION:
Maternal CD, but not ulcerative colitis, was associated with an increased risk of infection in offspring younger than 5 years, of which adverse birth outcomes and anti-TNFα had a minor role. The association between anti-TNFα agents and pediatric infection could be partially explained by maternal CD.
Recurrent Abdominal Pain After Cholecystectomy: Low Phospholipid-Associated Cholelithiasis
Authors: Sy Alexander M. , Mosquera Diana , Levy Cynthia 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by the development of intrahepatic cholelithiasis in young adults. It is associated with a mutation of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 4 that leads to impaired solubilization of biliary cholesterol, which in turn precipitates as cholesterol crystals in the intrahepatic bile ducts. We present a young woman who underwent cholecystectomy in her 20s followed by recurrent episodes of right upper quadrant pain and liver enzyme abnormalities. She later developed intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and was started on ursodeoxycholic acid, with improvement of her liver biochemistries. Subsequently, genetic testing confirmed adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 4 mutation. The case highlights the importance of recognition of adult-onset genetic cholestatic syndromes.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis: Do Patients Experience Better Quality of Life Regardless of Gradient?
Authors: Simone Anthony , Kim Juka S. , Huchting Jeanne , Rafique Asim , Ozcaglayan Ruhsen , Shemin Richard J. , Aksoy Olcay , Kwon Murray H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Aortic valve replacement improves survival for patients with low-gradient aortic valve stenosis, but there is a paucity of data on postoperative quality of life for this population.

Methods
In a single-center retrospective analysis of 304 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement, patients were divided into 4 groups based on mean pressure gradient, left ventricular ejection fraction, and stroke volume index. Using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12, quality of life was assessed immediately before and 1 month after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Results
Most patients in the low-flow, low-gradient group were men; this group had higher relative rates of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes than the paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient group; the normal-flow, low-gradient group; and the high-gradient group. All-cause mortality did not differ significantly among the groups at 1 month after surgery, and all groups experienced a significant improvement in quality-of-life scores after surgery. The mean improvement was 27 points in the low-flow, low-gradient group, 25 points in the paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient group, 30 points in the normal-flow, low-gradient group, and 30 points in the high-gradient group (all P < .001).

Conclusion
Quality of life improves significantly across all subgroups of aortic valve stenosis after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement, regardless of flow characteristics or aortic valve gradients.
Kounis Syndrome: A Sting to the Heart
Authors: Annabathula Rahul V. , Chandrasekhar Mahesh A. , Peters Luke A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A 67-year-old woman experienced pruritus, an urticarial rash, and acute, pressure-like chest pain following an insect sting. Initial electrocardiographic findings were notable for ST-segment elevations in the inferior leads without reciprocal changes, but a follow-up electrocardiogram showed pronounced ST-segment elevations in the inferior leads with reciprocal changes. Her troponin I level peaked at 3,053 pg/mL, and she was transferred to a large academic center for percutaneous coronary intervention. Balloon angioplasty was performed for 95% thrombotic occlusion of the mid–right coronary artery, and a drug-eluting stent was placed. The patient's presentation was consistent with type II Kounis syndrome.
Nephron deficit and low podocyte density increase risk of albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis in a model of diabetes
Authors: Gazzard Sarah E. , van der Wolde James , Haruhara Kotaro , Bertram John F. , Cullen‐McEwen Luise A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPodocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells in glomeruli. Podocyte injury and loss are features of many diseases leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis propose an adverse intrauterine environment can lead to CKD later in life, especially when a second postnatal challenge is experienced. The aim of this study was to examine whether a suboptimal maternal environment would result in reduced podocyte endowment, increasing susceptibility to diabetes‐induced renal injury. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a low protein diet (LPD) to induce growth restriction or a normal protein diet (NPD) from 3 weeks before mating until weaning (postnatal Day 21, P21) when nephron and podocyte endowment were assessed in one male and one female offspring per litter. Littermates were administered streptozotocin or vehicle at 6 weeks of age. Urinary albumin excretion, glomerular size, and podometrics were assessed following 18 weeks of hyperglycemia. LPD offspring were growth restricted and had lower nephron and podocyte number at P21. However, by 24 weeks the podocyte deficit was no longer evident and despite low nephron endowment neither albuminuria nor glomerulosclerosis were observed. Podocyte number was unaffected by 18 weeks of hyperglycemia in NPD and LPD offspring. Diabetes increased glomerular volume reducing podocyte density, with more pronounced effects in LPD offspring. LPD and NPD diabetic offspring developed mild albuminuria with LPD demonstrating an earlier onset. LPD offspring also developed glomerular pathology. These findings indicate that growth‐restricted LPD offspring with low nephron number and normalized podocyte endowment were more susceptible to alterations in glomerular volume and podocyte density leading to more rapid onset of albuminuria and renal injury than NPD offspring.
Effect of high‐frequency membrane potential alternation between depolarization and hyperpolarization on dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats
Authors: Shen Zhijun , Beckel Jonathan , de Groat William C. , Tai Changfeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine how sensory neurons respond to high‐frequency membrane potential alternation between depolarization and hyperpolarization. Membrane currents were recorded from dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of adult rats using the whole cell patch clamp technique in voltage clamp mode. Stepwise depolarization of the membrane was applied first to determine the threshold membrane potential for inducing an action potential (AP) current. Then, membrane potential alternation between depolarization (to +20 mV) and hyperpolarization (to −110 mV) was applied to the neuron for 10 s at different frequencies (10 Hz to 1 kHz). The tested DRG neurons had APs of either a long duration (>10 ms) or a short duration (<10 ms). Membrane potential alternation at ≥500 Hz completely disrupted the AP generation, disabled the ion channel gating function, and produced membrane current alternating symmetrically across zero. Replacing extracellular sodium with potassium increased the amplitude of the membrane current response and caused the membrane current to be larger during hyperpolarization than during depolarization. These results support the hypothesis that high‐frequency biphasic stimulation blocks axonal conduction by driving the potassium channel open constantly. Understanding neural membrane response to high‐frequency membrane potential alternation is important to reveal the possible mechanisms underlying axonal conduction block induced by high‐frequency biphasic stimulation.