bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
اساليب تقويم مادة التربية الفنية في المرحلة المتوسطة
Authors: أ. م محمد وجين جبير الدلفي  
Published: May 2023

يهدف البحث "التعرف على الاساليب التقويمية المستخدمة في تقويم مادة التربية الفنية في المرحلة المتوسطة" ، ولتحقيق هدف البحث استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، وتكون مجتمع البحث من مدرسي التربية الفنية في تربية بغداد الرصافة الثالثة اختار الباحث عينته بأسلوب العينة العشوائية وبنسبة (30٪) منهم ، والتي بلغت (30) مدرس ومدرسة بواقع (16) مدرساً و (14) مدرسة اما اداة البحث قام الباحث بإعداد قائمة لأساليب التقويم تضمنت (35) فقرة موزعة في سبع مجالات رئيسية هي :- ( التقويم القائم على الاداء ، ملفات الاعمال " البرتفوليو" ، التقويم الذاتي ، تقويم الاقران ، تقويم الاداء القائم على الملاحظة ، تقويم الاداء بالمقابلات ، الاختبارات المعرفية "الشفوية والتحريرية" ) قـام الباحث بوصف مستويات الأداء لكل فقرة ووضع إمام كل فقرة ثلاثة بدائل هي (جيد، متوسط ، ضعيف ) وحدد وزن (3، 2، 1) لكل بديل على التوالي، تم التحقق من الصدق الظاهري والثبات للاستمارة ، وقد اظهرت النتائج ضعف استخدام اساليب التقويم من قبل المدرسين في المرحلة المتوسطة، مع صعوبة اجراء بعض اساليب التقويم في المرحلة المتوسطة نتيجة لضيق الوقت واعداد الطلبة مع ضعف الامكانات المادية وقلة خبرات المدرسين وفي ضوء ذلك خرج الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات .
تأثير التحولات الفكرية في فنون ما بعد الحداثة
Authors: أ.م. رجاء حميد رشيد  
Published: May 2023

تندرج الاصطلاحات والاشتقاقات اللغوية الدالة على اشكال الفنون ووحدة خصائصها الفكرية والفلسفية في سياق الجهد النقدي الذي يبحث عن تفسير للظواهر والمنجزات الجمالية ومحاولة الوقوف على المحددات والبواعث والمرتكزات الفكرية المرتبطة بها، ومن خلال اطلاع الباحثة على بعض اللوحات التشكيلية لطالبات معهد الفنون الجميلة في ديالى فرع الرسم لاحظت وجود انماط واشكال تختلف عن الاتجاهات الفنية المتعارف عليها وان أهمية البحث الحالي تأتي من خلال تعرف طبيعة التحولات الفكرية وتأثيرها على النتاج الفني (رسوم ما بعد الحداثة) والتي فيها افادة لطلبة كليات ومعاهد الفنون الجميلة لمعرفة تأثير التحولات الفكرية على الفنون وخاصة فن الرسم. اذ هدف البحث تعرف تأثير التحولات الفكرية على فنون ما بعد الحداثة – اعمال الرسم لطالبات معهد الفنون الجميلة / ديالى -أنموذجاً. ومن الاستنتاجات التي خرجت بها الدراسة ان اغلب الاعمال الفنية لفنون ما بعد الحداثة اهتمت بالشكل الفني على حساب الفكرة او المضمون، وجاءت موجة فنون ما بعد الحداثة كرد فعل على المدارس الفنية السابقة لها وتأثرت بالنظريات المعاصرة مثل الدادائية والسريالية والمفاهيمية. لذا تقترح الباحثة وضع مفردات في مادتي (علم الجمال وتاريخ الفن) تركز على الاتجاهات الفنية المعاصرة والمقارنة مع المدارس الفنية السابقة.
الانفعالات النفسية للأسلوب القصصي في التعبير الفني لرسوم تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية (دراسة تحليلية)
Authors: م. حسين رشك خضير  , م.م.  فاطمة جبار حسين  
Published: May 2023

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على الانفعالات النفسية للأسلوب القصصي في التعبير الفني لرسوم طلبة المرحلة الابتدائية.، اذ أعد الباحثان (استمارة تحليل) تتكون من (10) فقرات تتضمن فقرات خاصة بقياس الانفعالات النفسية للأسلوب القصصي، وبعد تصميمها وعرضها على الخبراء وأجراء التعديلات اللازمة عليها لتكون بصيغتها النهائية وتجربتها على العينة الاستطلاعية التي تكونت من (8) تلاميذ وبعد الـتأكد من صدقها وثباتها قام الباحثان بتطبيقها على عينة البحث التي بلغ عددها (64) تلميذ من مجتمع البحث، والتي اختارها الباحثان بشكل قصدي ، وتم استخدام الحقيبة الإحصائية (spss) لاستخراج نتائج البحث في معرفة تكرار ومتوسط كل فقرة من الفقرات التي تضمنها المقياس والمتوسط الكلي لمجموع الفقرات، فأظهرت النتائج مؤشرا ايجابيا حول استخدام الأسلوب القصصي في التعبير الفني لرسوم التلاميذ وأوصى الباحثان استخدام الأسلوب القصصي في سرد المعلومات التي تقدم للمتعلمين في بقية صنوف الفن الأخرى لاسيما التي تعتمد في تشكيلها على توسع الجانب الفكري تجسيدا للمهارة المطلوبة وإشراك ذوي الخبرات والكفاءات العالية في توظيف هذا الأسلوب (القصصي) وكيفية اعتماده مدخل لتحقيق الفهم والتعلم
Self-Optimized Agent for Load Balancing and Energy Efficiency: A Reinforcement Learning Framework with Hybrid Action Space
Authors: Sabry Bishoy , Nabil Mariam , Alsuhli Ghada , Banawan Karim , Seddik Karim 
Published: May 2023

<p>The paper proposes a Reinforcement Learning based agent that controls three KPIs of the mobile network to reach a maximized sum throughput of the newtork, such that the number of uncovered users is kept minimum and the energy consumed due to the MIMO technology is kept minimum as well. </p>
<p>The environment is a simulated mobile network using NS3. </p>
Build General Machine Intelligence Based on the Brain’s General Stimulation-Response Mechanism That Can Decompose the Semantics in Natural Language
Authors: Tang Lei 
Published: May 2023

<p>The human natural language is the operation system of our consciousness activity, and before it appeared we human interacted with the nature and each other typically through the image and sound, of course human beings also are the part of nature. The use of tools catalyzes the generation of natural language, in which the semantics space established in the image and sound of nature has been expanded greatly. The brain consciousness behavior depends on the attention mechanism which can extract the specified semantics, and this paper introduces the brain’s general stimulation-response mechanism that can decompose the semantics in natural language. Based on this kind of mechanism rather than computing-power and the current computer processing ability, it is sure that we are able to better simulate the brain intelligence. </p>
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Pengelolaan Website Smart Management System Kampus Kesehatan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKES AL-ISLAM Yogyakarta)
Authors: Sahria Yoga , Sudira Putu , Isnaini Febriarini Nurul 
Published: May 2023

Kemajuan teknologi saat ini begitu pesat, khususnya informasi perkembangan teknologi digital. STIKES AL-Islam Yogyakarta salah satu kampus Kesehatan yang berada di Kota Yogyakarta. Kampus ini mempunyai 2 program studi unggulan yaitu Diploma Keperawatan dan Sarjana Keperawatan yang terakreditasi “B”. Namun kampus ini belom memaksimalkan pengelolaan website yang baik untuk menunjang proses akademik. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu pelatihan dan pendampingan untuk mengelola website dengan prinsip smart Management membantu organisasi mengelola proses bisnis dan operasional mereka dengan lebih efisien dan efektif. Pendekatan dari pengabdian ini mulai dari mulai, identifikasi masalah, survai lokasi, perizinan, menentukan kebutuhan sistem, implementasi website, pelatihan dan pendampingan smart managemen system, Evaluasi, selesai. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat ini direspon 86,4% sangat baik hal ini terbutkti responden yang menjawab evaluasi sebanyak 19 responden mengatakan sangat baik, 2 baik dan 1 menjawab cukup baik. Kesimpulan pendampingan mengelola website dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam mengembangkan teknologi di STIKES AL ISLAM Yogyakarta.
Analisis SWOT untuk Peningkatan Kelas Kelompok Tani
Authors: Sideman Ida Ayu Oka Suwati , Suteja I Wayan 
Published: May 2023

Pengabdian masyarakat yang diadakan dalam tahun ajaran 2022/2023 ini menggunakan metode Rapid Rural Appraisal (RPA). Metode RPA adalah metode pengabdian masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian atau pemetaan terhadap kondisi suatu wilayah. Tahap penelitian diawali dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara terhadap para ketua kelompok tani, Petugas Penyuluh Lapangan (PPL) pertanian dan kepala desa Bug-Bug. Data yang didapatkan kemudian dianalisis dengan Strengths atau kekuatan, Weaknesses atau kelemahan, Opportunities atau peluang, dan Threats atau ancaman (SWOT) dan digambarkan ke dalam kuadran untuk menentukan elemen prioritas untuk ditangani. Di dalam kegiatan ini elemen prioritas adalah threats atau ancaman tentang pemakaian pupuk kimia, sehingga program mitigasi yang dilakukan adalah pelatihan pembuatan pupuk organik berbahan limbah pertanian dan Effective Microorganism (EM)-4. Selanjutnya setelah pelatihan yang dilaksanakan tanggal 5 Januari 2023, dilakukan evaluasi program yang menghasilkan data bahwa para petani memahami dengan sangat baik proses pembuatan pupuk organik dan memiliki persepsi bahwa bagian paling menarik dari kegiatan ini adalah demonstrasi pembuatan pupuk organik. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa program pengabdian ini telah tuntas dilaksanakan.
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Multimedia Interaktif Pembelajaran Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Puji Puji Astuti 
Published: May 2023

Pembelajaran di SD 02 Margomulyo OKU Timur masih dominan menggunakan media konvensional yaitu papan tulis dan buku, masih sangat minim penggunaan media berbasis multimedia. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dalam bentuk pelatihan. Pelatihan dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 02 Margomulyo OKU Timur yang diikuti oleh lima belas guru. Kegiatan pelatihan ini diadakan selama satu hari pada hari Sabtu tanggal 23 Januari 2021 mulai pukul 09.00-16.00 WIB. Pelaksanaan pelatihan menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi, dan praktik. Pelatihan penggunaan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif dapat terlaksana dengan baik dan berjalan dengan lancer sesuai dengan rencana kegiatan yang telah disusun. Kemampuan guru SD Negeri 02 Margomulyo OKU Timur dalam memanfaatkan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif ke dalam pembelajaran telah menunjukkan hasil yang nyata dalam bentuk rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Peserta dapat memilih dan mengaplikasikan media ke dalam rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran sesuai tema dan sub tema dengan memilih media yang mudah diperoleh dan digunakan.
Putting Education Back at the Center: Some Reflections and Proposals on the Italian Situation
Authors: Susca Emanuela 
Published: May 2023

In this article, I address issues of inequality in Italy and, in particular, the role that education can play in fighting inequality. Moving beyond the nevertheless real problem of the scarcity of funds allocated by the Italian governments to education, I focus on the objectives that should inform spending criteria, thus emphasizing the importance of truly inclusive education, achievable through an ambitious path of comprehensive and incisive reforms. A country that does not excel in the civic sense and that for some scholars is even becoming less civilized, Italy should put education back at the center not only as a matter of social justice, but also to avert decline and improve the quality of its democratic coexistence.

Received: 22 February 2023 / Accepted: 27 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023
Is the tax burden fairly distributed by developed nations? – a comparative study
Authors: Passos Beraldo Mariana , Passos Fernando , Abrantkoski Rister Carla 
Published: May 2023

Background: Globalisation and fast growth in some developing economies significantly reduced the income gap between countries. However, globalisation has not necessarily resulted in equal distribution of benefits inside these countries. Objective: The objective of this research was to verify whether there is a pattern in tax burden distribution policies in highly developed nations. Method: The article adopted the literature review and a comparative data study as research methods and was structured in five chapters that complement each other within a logical sequence. Results: The research showed that despite the development process presupposing sustainability and social inclusion, the developed nations do not equitably distribute the tax burden. The findings also demonstrated that there is no pattern in the tax policies. Conclusions: The comparative analysis indicated that jurisdictions are exempting corporate income taxation to become more competitive in a global economy setting and are overtaxing individual income tax and employee taxation to compensate for the low tax on corporate income. Contributions: The research results contribute to a growing body of literature that explores the relationship between the development of nations and levels of inequality and addresses the role of tax policies in this interrelationship. The research also presents practical contribution, being able to guide the formulation of tax policies that seek tax justice and aim at global tax governance.
materialmodifier: An R package of photo editing effects for material perception research
Authors: Tsuda Hiroyuki , Kawabata Hideaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce an R package that performs automated photo editing effects. Specifically, it is an R implementation of an image-processing algorithm proposed by Boyadzhiev et al. (2015). The software allows the user to manipulate the appearance of objects in photographs, such as emphasizing facial blemishes and wrinkles, smoothing the skin, or enhancing the gloss of fruit. It provides a reproducible method to quantitatively control specific surface properties of objects (e.g., gloss and roughness), which is useful for researchers interested in topics related to material perception, from basic mechanisms of perception to the aesthetic evaluation of faces and objects. We describe the functionality, usage, and algorithm of the method, report on the findings of a behavioral evaluation experiment, and discuss its usefulness and limitations for psychological research. The package can be installed via CRAN, and documentation and source code are available at https://github.com/tsuda16k/materialmodifier.
JİNEKOLOJİK KANSERLER NEDENİYLE OPERE EDİLEN VE YOĞUN BAKIMDA TAKİP EDİLEN HASTALARDA POLİFARMASİ YATIŞ SÜRESİYLE İLİŞKİLİ MİDİR?
Authors: ÜNSAL Mehmet , ZORLU Uğurcan , ÜNSAL Pelin , KARAASLAN Nur , ÖZCAN Namık , TURAN Taner 
Published: May 2023

Özet
Amaç: Jinekolojik kanserler nedeniyle opere edilen hastalarda, hastaların operasyon öncesinde kullandığı ilaç sayısı ve potansiyel uygunsuz ilaç kullanımının yoğun bakım yatış süresiyle ilişkili olup olmadığını değerlendirmektir.
Gereçler ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 2020 Haziran ve 2022 Aralık tarihleri arasında Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi Jinekolojik Onkoloji Cerrahisi Kliniği’nde endometrium, over, serviks ve diğer jinekolojik kanserler nedeniyle opere edilen ve operasyon sonrasında en az 24 saat yoğun bakımda takip edilen hastalar, retrospektif olarak dahil edilmiştir. Polifarmasi, 5 ve üzerinde ilaç kullanımı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Uygunsuz ilaç kullanımı için Türkiye Yaşlıda Uygunsuz İlaç Kullanım Kriterleri (TIME-to-STOP, TIME-to-START) kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 253 hasta dahil edilmiştir. 220 (%87) hasta endometrium kanseri, 25 (%9.9) hasta over kanseri, 2 (%0.8) hasta serviks kanseri, 6 (%2.4) hastada diğer jinekolojik kanserler nedeniyle opere edilip yoğun bakımda postoperatif takip edilmiştir. Hastalar postoperatif dönemde yoğun bakımda 2 gün (aralık; 1-21 gün) takip edilmiştir. Polifarmasi 34 (%13.4) hastada, potansiyel uygunsuz ilaç kullanımı ise 83 (%32.8) hastada bulunmuştur. Yoğun bakım yatış süresi ve ilaç sayısı arasında pozitif bir korelasyon izlenmiştir (r=0.142; p=0.024). Çok değişkenli regresyon analizinde, ilaç sayısı (OR:1.228 %95 CI:1.034-1.460, p=0.020) diğer tüm nedenlerden bağımsız olarak yoğun bakımda yatış süresiyle ilişkili bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Jinekolojik kanserler nedeniyle opere edilen ve post operatif dönemde yoğun bakımda takip edilen hastalarda, polifarmasi yatış süresiyle ilişkilidir. Hastaların yoğun bakım kalış sürelerini ön görmek için her hastada, hastaların yatış öncesi ko-morbiditeleri ve ilaç kullanımlarını değerlendirmek anahtar noktalardan biridir.
South American terrestrial biomes as geocomplexes: a geobotanical landscape approach
Authors: Navarro Gonzalo , Luebert Federico , Molina José Antonio 
Published: May 2023

The classic and current perception of biome in its various meanings is fundamentally based on vegetation types that are considered as discrete or independent and fragmented entities in the landscape. Vegetation units are characterized by their physiognomy, which is based on the dominant life forms and mainly determined by climatic conditions. However, vegetation units are associated and mutually interacting at a landscape level. They are determined by local or regional, climatic, topographic and edaphic gradients within a given territory or geographic area. In this work, we propose a new conceptual and methodological approach aiming to better understand the biome concept in a landscape framework, developing ideas already partially advanced by us. In this sense, we consider the biome as a landscape complex (geocomplex), that spatially includes one to several vegetation geoseries which, in turn, each comprise the following possible geomorphologically linked vegetation series: i) the potential natural climatophilic vegetation (zonal vegetation) and their seral successional stages which occur repeatedly in the landscape; ii) edapho-xerophyllous vegetation (azonal vegetation such as occurs on rocky outcrops or sandy soils); and iii) edapho-hygrophilic vegetation (azonal vegetation such as flooded vegetation on river banks). Based on surveys and field data (more than ca. 300 transects) obtained by the authors in most South American countries from 1990 to the present, 33 South American geocomplex biomes and 16 macrobiomes were identified and synoptically characterized, through graphic general zonation models (phyto-topographic type-profiles) extrapolated from numerous observations along representative bioclimatical, geomorphological and biogeographically stratified transects. Field data and transect-plots are currently being processed to be included into the “GIVD database”.
Taxonomic reference: Tropicos.org, Missouri Botanical Garden (https://tropicos.org) [accessed 1 Feb 2023].
In Memoriam: Salvador Rivas-Martínez
Fuite des capitaux dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne : le rôle de la régulation et de la supervision bancaire
Authors: Diallo Askandarou Cheik 
Published: May 2023

Cet article étudie la relation entre la fuite des capitaux, la régulation et la supervision bancaire dans les économies d’Afrique subsaharienne. Un panel de 23 pays sur la période 2000-2017 est utilisé à travers trois méthodes économétriques : FGLS (Feasible Generalized Least Squares), RE-GLS (Random Effects Generalized Least Squares) et les GMM (Generalized Method of Moments). Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’une bonne qualité de la régulation et de la supervision bancaire réduit l’incitation à la fuite des capitaux. Codes JEL: G11, O11.
Embodying the colonial memory. White colonists and “implicated subjects” in photographs from Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Plasencia Camps Inés 
Published: May 2023

Except for explicitly colonial approaches, academic research on the visual culture of former colonies tends to adopt an allegedly critical perspective towards colonial history, as a way to participate in the construction of a conscious memory that helps to transform contemporary relationships. However, for a while, the hypervisibility of colonised peoples has been compared to the lack of visibility of white colonisers in academic studies. In line with theories of cultural memory, this study examines images as critical cultural artefacts to argue that racial deidentification in images of colonial Equatorial Guinea takes the focus away from the current society of the former metropolis, and thus from its memory and its colonial responsibility. I present a theoretical approach to photographs of white people ranging from the early 20th century to family images during the final years of colonial domination (1959-1968). These chiefly depict everyday scenes whose protagonists are apparently oblivious to the colonial context, and in which nothing seems to happen, in the same way, that their descendants, understood collectively, are enabled to ignore the colonial past and its continuities.
Estimation of Novel Anthropometric Measurements among Normoglycemic Persons, Prediabetes, and Diabetes in the Indian Population: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jayashankar C. A. , Mukherjee Projoy , Dwarakanathan Vignesh , Manohar Akshatha , Pinnelli Venkata Bharat Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Central obesity is a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and can be measured using various anthropometric measurements.

Aim:
This study is done to estimate novel anthropometric markers of obesity such as mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), wrist circumference (WrC), waist–height ratio (WHtR), and neck circumference (NC) in healthy individuals, prediabetes, and DM.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study among 58 normoglycemic healthy volunteers, 59 prediabetics, and 59 diabetics in a tertiary care center from India. Participants were tested for fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. Anthropometric measurements were done. We used partial ordinal regression to look for the association between anthropometric markers and diabetic status.

Results:
NC, MUAC, WrC, and WHtR were significantly higher in and highest in diabetics compared to controls. They significantly correlated with body mass index. They had significantly higher odds (odd ratio [OR1] NC – 1.60, OR1 WrC – 1.92, OR1 MUAC – 1.45, and OR1 WHtR – 1.33) for control to prediabetes. OR of only WHtR was significant for prediabetes to diabetes (OR2 WHtR– 1.10).

Conclusion:
Association of novel anthropometric markers was significant for prediabetes compared to controls, but not significant for diabetes compared to prediabetes.
A Clinical Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Vertigo in the Emergency Room Setting
Authors: Gupta Manish , Gupta Monica , Gupta Akanksha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Vertigo is a symptom of the illusory movement of spinning. Vertigo is a challenging diagnostic condition in the emergency room as it is a symptom-complex of a large number of benign to life-threatening conditions. Both peripheral vestibular and central nervous system can cause vertigo and it is often impossible to pinpoint the underlying etiology in the acute settings. Historical features such as recurrent vertigo, triggers, duration of vertigo, accompanying symptoms along with meticulous vestibular, and ocular and balance examination can be valuable in delineating peripheral from central vertigo. Currently, the emergency physicians approach majority of vestibular disorders with a mind-set of preventing any errors of omission, so they rely on unwarranted neuroimaging. In most instances, the timing and triggers of vertigo are ignored and characteristic maneuvers to diagnose benign peripheral vertigo are underused, thereby missing nonlife-threatening diagnosis. An urgent neuroimaging is usually indicated for patients with sustained vertigo and suspected central lesions associated with brainstem dysfunction.
Sitagliptin Reduces Urinary Microalbumin and the Histopathological Damage of the Kidneys in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Tsavdaridis Ioannis , Karanikola Theodora , Karayannopoulou Georgia , Papadimitriou Dimochristos , Katsouda Areti , Foka-Karagiannopoulou Aikaterini , Mironidou-Tzouveleki Maria 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of sitagliptin on diabetic nephropathy using an experimental animal model while referring to various aspects of the Dipeptidyl peptidase- IV inhibitors literature findings.

Methods:
27 male BKS.Cg- + Leprdb/+ Lepr/+ OlaHsd mice, 8 weeks old, were evenly separated into three groups. For 12 weeks, group D and L received a high (200 mg/Kgr/day) and low (10 mg/kg/day) dosage of sitagliptin, respectively, while group N did not receive any treatment. Biochemical tests on urinary and blood samples of each animal as well as histopathological examination for specific lesions of the kidneys were performed at the end of the experimental study.

Results:
Both high (D) and low (L) sitagliptin dosage were found to significantly reduce serum glucose, microalbumin, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) when compared with the control group, while high sitagliptin dose, additionally, showed a significant reduction of urinary creatinine (P < 0.01). Moreover, sitagliptin had a positive effect on histopathology findings; sitagliptin significantly reduced moderate/severe mesangial matrix expansion (P < 0.001 for both groups), thickening of the basal membrane, vascular pole hyalinosis capsule cell hyperplasia, and thickening of the Bowman’s capsule compared with control group.

Conclusion:
Sitagliptin appears to improve the biochemical parameters regarding kidney function and acts beneficially by reducing the extent of renal histopathological damage caused by DM.