bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A detailed look at the thermal and nonthermal X-ray emission from the Vela supernova remnant with SRG/eROSITA
Authors: Mayer Martin G. F. , Becker Werner , Predehl Peter , Sasaki Manami 
Published: June 2023

Context. The Vela supernova remnant (SNR) is one of the most nearby and extended objects in the X-ray sky. It constitutes a unique laboratory for studying the thermal and nonthermal X-ray emission from an evolved SNR and its central plerion at an unprecedented level of detail.
Aims. Our goal is to characterize the hot ejecta and shocked interstellar medium (ISM) associated with the Vela SNR, as well as the synchrotron-emitting relativistic electrons injected into the ambient medium by the central pulsar. To achieve this, we analyzed the dataset of Vela acquired by SRG/eROSITA during its first four all-sky surveys.
Methods. We present and analyze the energy-dependent morphology of Vela using X-ray images extracted in multiple energy bands. A quantitative view of the physical parameters affecting the observed thermal and nonthermal emission is obtained by performing spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of over 500 independent regions using multicomponent spectral models.
Results. Imaging demonstrates that the X-ray emission of the Vela SNR consists of at least three morphologically and energetically distinct components, with shell-like structures dominating below 0.6 keV, radial outward-directed features becoming apparent at medium energies, and the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) dominating the hard emission above 1.4 keV. Our spectroscopy reveals a highly structured distribution of X-ray absorption column densities, which intriguingly appears to lack any correlation with optical extinction measurements, possibly due to dust destruction or a clumpy ISM. The shock-heated plasma in Vela is found to be comparatively cool, with a median temperature of 0.19 keV, but exhibits several, often ejecta-rich, warmer regions. Within the observed ejecta clumps, we find an unexpectedly high concentration of neon and magnesium relative to oxygen, when compared to nucleosynthetic predictions. This includes the bright “shrapnel D”, in which we can separate shocked ISM in the soft bow-shock from a hot, ejecta-rich clump at its apex, based on the new data. Finally, we find an extremely extended, smoothly decreasing distribution of synchrotron emission from the PWN, which extends up to three degrees (14 pc) from the pulsar. The integrated X-ray luminosity of the PWN in the 0.5–8.0 keV energy band corresponds to 1.5 × 10−3 of the pulsar’s present-day spin-down power. The extended PWN emission likely traces the diffusion of a high-energy electron population in an ISM-level magnetic field, which requires the existence of a TeV counterpart powered by inverse Compton radiation.
Importance of the Mean Rate of Pressure Change of the Pulmonary Artery (dP/dt mean PA) in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Sinanis Theodoros , Schmeißer Alexander 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease of cardiopulmonary circulation characterized by elevated pressure in the pulmonary artery. The right-heart catheter is the gold standard for diagnosis, but there is interest in identifying additional prognostic indicators. The aim of this study was to examine the importance of the rate of pressure change of the pulmonary artery (dP/dt mean PA) in patients with PAH.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 142 patients with PAH (exclusively clinical group 1) and examined the statistical correlation of dP/dt mean PA with vascular, right ventricular, and clinical parameters. Data was collected mostly from the right heart catheterization and the transthoracal echocardiography at presentation.
Results dP/dt mean PA showed a significant correlation with systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery (n= 142, R
2 = 56%, p < 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance (n = 142, R
2 = 51%, p < 0.001), the rate of pressure change in the right ventricle (n = 142, R
2 = 53%, p < 0.001), and the right ventricular fractional area change (n = 110, R
2 = 51%, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that dP/dt mean PA had the highest prognostic value in predicting increase in the 6-minute walk test and decrease in the N-terminal-probrain natriuretic peptide after the initiation of PAH therapy, with an area under the curve of 0.73.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that dP/dt mean PA may be a useful prognostic indicator in the treatment of patients with PAH, and further research is warranted to validate this parameter.
Clinical Simulation in the Training of Obstetrics and Gynecology Resident from the Perspective of Medical Residency Programs
Authors: Vidotti Simone Pereira , Batista Nildo Alves 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective This study analyzes the role of clinical simulation in internal medical residency programs (IMRP) in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN), attributed by the supervisors, in the training of residents in the city of São Paulo (SP).
Methods Cross-sectional descriptive, qualitative, and exploratory approach. Semi-structured interviews were performed with ten supervisors of Medical Residency programs in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Interviews were analyzed by means of content analysis under the thematic modality, starting with the core the role of clinical simulation in Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical Residency Programs.

Results Supervisors view Clinical simulation as: a complementary tool for the teaching and learning process, a possibility of a safe teaching and learning environment, an opportunity to learn from mistakes, a support for professional practice committed to patient safety, a learning scenario for teamwork, a scenario for reflection on the work process in Obstetrics and Gynecology, a scenario for evaluative processes in the medical residency. Still according to supervisors, Clinical Simulation favors decision-making and encourages the resident participation in activities.
Conclusion Supervisors recognize Clinical Simulation as a powerful pedagogical tool in the learning process of resident doctors in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs.
Mosses and lichens enhance atmospheric elemental mercury deposition in a subtropical montane forest†
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Xun , Zhang Hui , Lu Zhiyun 
Published: June 2023

Environmental context Mosses and lichens are widely distributed in montane forests and their important role in global biogeochemical cycles has been increasingly recognised. This study of mercury accumulation and sources in mosses and lichens, using mercury isotopic data, provides evidence that they promote atmospheric mercury deposition in these forests, which is an important function that should be incorporated into current mercury mass balance budgets for forests. Rationale Mosses and lichens, which are widely distributed in montane forests, are often used to monitor the atmospheric mercury (Hg) depositions. In this study we hypothesised that atmospheric Hg uptake by mosses and lichens could greatly promote Hg depositions in montane forests. Methodology We comprehensively determined the Hg concentration and isotopic signatures of various species of mosses and lichens in a subtropical montane forest, to quantify the Hg accumulation, influencing factors and potential Hg depositions induced by mosses and lichens. Results Our results show that the higher Hg concentrations in mosses than in lichens are mainly due to their species-specific, morphological and physiological differences. Hg isotopic mixing model results display that uptake of atmospheric elemental Hg (Hg0) contributes 89.2 ± 22.8% of Hg in mosses and 88.4 ± 24.4% in lichens. The lichens growing on trees have a lower atmospheric Hg0 source contribution than on the ground (61.3 ± 42.5% versus 93.6 ± 10.0%) because of the elevated rainfall Hg uptake on trees. The Hg storage in live moss and lichen is 28.0 ± 16.5 and 0.9 ± 1.0 μg m−2, respectively. Given the 1–2-year lifespan of moss, the moss induced atmospheric Hg deposition is almost equivalent to litterfall Hg deposition which was previously used as a proxy for atmospheric Hg0 deposition in forests. Discussion Overall, we suggest mosses and lichens play an important role in atmospheric Hg depositions and recommend more research in montane forests.
Translation norms and bilingual dictionaries
Authors: Kim Hyongrae 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article applies translational norm theory to bilingual lexicography, arguing that the bilingual lexicographer serves as a “norm authority,” and the bilingual dictionary functions as a “norm statement” that prescribes the scope of what is considered legitimate interlingual equivalence within a given society. To demonstrate how the content of a bilingual dictionary can be used to promote specific translation norms, the headwords, equivalents, directives, and examples found in the North Korean bilingual dictionary, Jo-Yeong Sajeon (JYS) [Korean–English Dictionary] (1987/1991), were analyzed as a case study. The Korean–English lexical pairings presented in the JYS are matched with exemplary Korean–English translations listed in two North Korean translation textbooks, Jo-Yeong Beonyeokbeop [Korean–English Translation Method] (Min 2012) and Yeong-Jo Beonyeokbeop [English–Korean Translation Method] (Min 2014), affirming that the translation norms featured in the JYS hold normative force over the decisions made by professional translators.
Real-time myocardial landmark tracking for MRI-guided cardiac radio-ablation using Gaussian Processes
Authors: Huttinga Niek R F , Akdag Osman , Fast Martin F , Verhoeff Joost J C , Mohamed Hoesein Firdaus A A , van den Berg Cornelis A T , Sbrizzi Alessandro , Mandija Stefano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. The high speed of cardiorespiratory motion introduces a unique challenge for cardiac stereotactic radio-ablation (STAR) treatments with the MR-linac. Such treatments require tracking myocardial landmarks with a maximum latency of 100 ms, which includes the acquisition of the required data. The aim of this study is to present a new method that allows to track myocardial landmarks from few readouts of MRI data, thereby achieving a latency sufficient for STAR treatments. Approach. We present a tracking framework that requires only few readouts of k-space data as input, which can be acquired at least an order of magnitude faster than MR-images. Combined with the real-time tracking speed of a probabilistic machine learning framework called Gaussian Processes, this allows to track myocardial landmarks with a sufficiently low latency for cardiac STAR guidance, including both the acquisition of required data, and the tracking inference. Main results. The framework is demonstrated in 2D on a motion phantom, and in vivo on volunteers and a ventricular tachycardia (arrhythmia) patient. Moreover, the feasibility of an extension to 3D was demonstrated by in silico 3D experiments with a digital motion phantom. The framework was compared with template matching—a reference, image-based, method—and linear regression methods. Results indicate an order of magnitude lower total latency (<10 ms) for the proposed framework in comparison with alternative methods. The root-mean-square-distances and mean end-point-distance with the reference tracking method was less than 0.8 mm for all experiments, showing excellent (sub-voxel) agreement. Significance. The high accuracy in combination with a total latency of less than 10 ms—including data acquisition and processing—make the proposed method a suitable candidate for tracking during STAR treatments. Additionally, the probabilistic nature of the Gaussian Processes also gives access to real-time prediction uncertainties, which could prove useful for real-time quality assurance during treatments.
Fabrication of High Transmittance and High Mobility Transparent Conductive Oxide Films: Hydrogen-doped Indium Oxide
Authors: Yang Erqi , Hu Bin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Designing and fabricating high-performance transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) is an attractive area for optoelectronic devices that require both high transparency and electrical conductivity. In this study, we introduce a hydrogen doping of indium oxide (IHO) as a TCO material with enhanced transparency while maintaining high conductivity by optimizing the carrier mobility, carrier concentration, and thickness. The typical IHO with a thickness of 200 nm exhibits a relatively lower carrier concentration (~2.10*1020 cm−3), compared to the traditional TCO like indium tin oxide and results in a higher NIR transmission of over 55% at 2500 nm, while the high carrier mobility of 87 cm2 V−1 s−1 endows it a lower sheet resistance of 15 Ω/sq. Our research provides valuable insights into the TCO and can be a general strategy to enhance light utilization for energy-efficient optoelectronic devices. Our work provides valuable insights into how the properties of TCOs can be tuned by controlling their microstructure and doping. The results show that hydrogen doping is an effective strategy to achieve the desired optical and electrical characteristics for efficient utilization of light in optoelectronics.
Research on the Passivation Process of Iron Nanopowder as Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Chen Naifeng , Xia Tian , Zhang Xiaoyong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to study a passivation technology and process of iron nanopowder, and provides basic theory and experimental data for promoting the practical application of iron nanopowder as a high-efficiency catalyst in the production of ammonia. There are two specific objectives. The first one is to provide a nanometal powder passivation device to prevent the nano metal powder from being oxidized and deactivated. The second one is to provide a method for using the nano metal powder passivation device to passivate the nano metal powder. Meanwhile, the research on iron nano-powder passivation technology and process is also beneficial to the application of iron nano-materials in other fields. The metal nanopowder passivation equipment provided in this paper can control the passivation reaction speed by adjusting the ratio and flow rate of the passivation gas during the passivation process, and identify the occurrence and stop of the passivation reaction by detecting the composition of the passivation reactant. Overall, the technology has the advantages of easy operation, uniform powder passivation, adjustable reaction speed, high product purity, etc. Therefore, it is suitable for industrial production.
Optimization Methodologies for Reserve with Large-scale Renewables Integration
Authors: Hu Xin , Li Zeke , Lv Yan , Fan Haiwei , Li Li , Ding Linglong , Chen Xinyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Renewable energy has unpredictable intermittency and variability, increasing the complexity of grid dispatch. Fuzziness theory is introduced under the uncertainty of large-scale intermittent power supply. Renewable power is characterized by fuzziness parameters. Meanwhile, the conventional deterministic unit commitment model is transformed into a chance-constraint unit commitment with fuzziness parameters. The explicit equivalence classes of chance constraints with triangular fuzziness parameters are presented to clarify chance constraints. Also, the effectiveness of the proposed model is validated in a standard IEEE test system.
Biochar Made into Efficient Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Wang Wenquan , Cheng Feng , Zhang Wanshi , Li Xiuwei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The scarcity of freshwater has attracted the attention of countries around the world. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a burgeoning ElectroSorb Technology with low price and high efficiency. It is important for CDI to prepare electrodes with inexpensive and high adsorption capacity. The deionization efficiency depends on the properties of the CDI electrodes. In this paper, porous carbon materials derived from corncobs, cornstalks, and waste cigarette butts have been used as efficient electrodes for CDI desalination. Compared with cornstalks and waste cigarette butts, the results showed that corncobs activated at 800 °C (CBC-800) had the best properties. The specific surface area (SSA) and capacitance (Ccv) of the CBC-800 are 1201.9 m2/g and 141.4 F/g, respectively. And the adsorption capacity (SAC) is 19.2 mg/g. CBC-800 is a prospective biomass material for CDI technology.
Low-carbon conversion of crude oil to C2-C4 olefins by micro Py-GC/MS and a small-scale fluidized-bed reactor
Authors: Zhang Di , Wang Jiaoyang , Zong Peijie , Qiao Yingyun , Tian Yuanyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Green utilization of crude oil has become an important way for energy transformation in the petrochemical industry. Crude oil to aimed low-carbon (C2-C4) olefins had been conducted by micro pyrolysis-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) and a small-scale fluidized-bed reactor. Fe-modified Al2O3/USY catalysts were used in the catalytic pyrolysis of crude oil. The results showed that product distribution altered hugely after Fe incorporation. Suitable incorporation of Fe can promote the conversion of crude oil, while excessive Fe incorporation could reduce the yield of light olefins. Bifunctional 1%Fe/USY catalyst showed good catalytic dehydrogenation pyrolysis activity in light olefin production, which could guide the clean and low-carbon conversion of crude oil.
The Scaling Ellipsoid Method to Calculate Wellbore Separation Factors
Authors: Shao Guanghao , Shi Yucai , Chang Di , Zhang Wensheng , Zhang Zeqiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The wellbore separation factor is the most common index to evaluate wellbore collision risk. However, all existing calculation methods of separation factor can only evaluate the separation degree of two error ellipses on some plane, and cannot directly evaluate the separation degree of two error ellipsoids in 3D space. These methods will lead to over-optimistic or over-conservative assessments inevitably, and cannot satisfy the wellbore collision avoidance requirements. Therefore, a new calculation method for the wellbore separation factor is presented, which is named as Scaling Ellipsoid Method (SEM). The new method references the Expansion Ellipse Method (EEM) and expands or contracts two error ellipsoids by the same scaling factor up to the exterior contact condition. Then the scaling factor is selected as the wellbore separation factor. SEM can directly and accurately evaluate the separation degree of two error ellipsoids in 3D space. A mathematical model to calculate the SEM separation factor (SESF) characterized by a quadratic equation set with four unknowns is established, and its numerical solution method and optimization tactics are presented to enhance its solution efficiency. Instance analyses have shown that SEM can preferably evaluate wellbore collision risk, contribute to pinpointing dangerous intervals, and decrease the anti-collision workloads.
Characterization of Shale Porosity and Permeability by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Sun Xin , Du Huanfu , Wang Chunwei , Du Shuyan , Liu Guihua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To rapidly evaluate and characterize the porosity and permeability of shale reservoirs, this study uses Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology to classify the T2 spectrums of different shale reservoirs, analyzes the correlation between the T2 cut-off values and the main peaks of the T2 spectrums of the shale reservoirs, and establishes a rapid identification and evaluation method for different fluid signals of the reservoirs. Also, the correlation between the area of signals and shale permeability in different signal intervals is explored, and finally, a rapid evaluation method of shale pore structure characteristics based on NMR technology is developed. This study can provide methodological guidance and theoretical support for the rapid characterization of the porosity and permeability of shale reservoirs based on NMR technology.
The influence of excitation coil size on the eddy electric field and on overcoming slurry noise in electromagnetic flowmeter
Authors: Li Bin , Zhao Wang-cheng , Chen Jie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When the electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) measures the slurry flow, the sensor signal of EMF will be disturbed by the intense slurry noise. How to use the eddy electric field more effectively to overcome the slurry noise is a problem worthy of further investigation. In this paper, the influence of the size change of the excitation coil in the conventional sensor of EMF on the overcoming of slurry noise by the eddy electric field was researched. Firstly, the strength of the eddy electric field in different sizes of rectangles was discussed by using the rectangular excitation coil model. The result of the analysis was that the eddy electric field intensity increases with the increase in coil size. Finally, the effect of the size change of the excitation coil on the slurry flow signal was researched. The experimental results show that the effect of overcoming slurry noise becomes better as the size of the excitation coil increases.
Microscopic Measurements of Liquid Rim Formation and Breakup inside a 2D Slit Nozzle under Flash Boiling Conditions
Authors: Man Xingjian , Ye Nianye , Yao Yuan , Wang Shangning , Li Xuesong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Flash boiling atomization has been considered a potential technique to enhance state-of-the-art atomization performance. It is usually believed that the phase change during flash boiling atomization can improve the disintegration of the bulk liquid. Many investigations have indicated that flash boiling atomization acts on the secondary breakup of the liquid droplets via micro-explosion mechanisms. However, recent investigations indicated that vapor bubbles inside the nozzle could directly affect the primary atomization of the bulk liquid. Therefore, this investigation focuses on the phase change process inside the nozzle via high-speed microscopic measurements. A two-dimensional slit nozzle with an expansion chamber was used in two dimensions to approximate the nozzle and the near field. Rim structures were observed in the measurements, and the transition from vapor bubbles to liquid rims was presented and analyzed.
The Secondary Flow Mechanism of Square Ribs with Different Inclination Angles in a Rectangular Channel
Authors: Peng Wei , Chen Lihan , Zhang Yi , Wang Xiaoxia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It has been confirmed that secondary flow can improve heat transfer, but the current research only stays on experimental research and qualitative analysis. Starting from the mechanism of secondary flow, this paper uses FLUENT software to study the heat transfer characteristics of square ribs with different inclination angles in a rectangular channel and its relationship with the secondary flow. Reynolds number is Re=8, 000–20, 000, relative rib spacing is p/e=6, 9, 12, rib inclination angle varies between 30°−90°, and rib height e and rib width w remain unchanged. The results are as follows: the heat transfer effect is the best when the relative rib spacing (p/e) is 12, and the flow resistance is also the largest. The comprehensive heat transfer effect of the square rib with the rib inclination angle α=45° is the best, and the comprehensive heat transfer effect of the square rib with α=90° is the worst. Setting the ribs inside the channel can generate a significant secondary flow, and the contribution of the longitudinal secondary flow is greater than that of the transverse secondary flow. There is a linear relationship between the secondary flow intensity and Re.