bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in pharmaceutical additive manufacturing
Authors: Bianchi Marica , Pegoretti Alessandro , Fredi Giulia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently, drug personalization has received noticeable attention. Problems arising from standard generalized drug treatments have aroused over the years, particularly among pediatric and geriatric patients. The growing awareness of the limitations of the “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach has progressively led to a rethinking of the current medicine's development, laying the basis of personalized medicine. Three‐dimensional printing is a promising tool for realizing personalized therapeutic solutions fitting specific patient needs. This technology offers the possibility to manufacture drug delivery devices with tailored doses, sizes, and release characteristics. Among additive manufacturing techniques, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most studied for oral drug delivery device production due to its high precision and cheapness. By playing with factors such as drug loading method, filament production, and printing parameters, the medication release profile of a drug delivery device produced by 3D printing can be tailored depending on the patient's requirements. This review focuses on the applications of FDM in drug fabrication using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as drug‐loaded matrices. The authors aim to provide an overview of the current trends in this research field, with special attention to the effect of the printing parameters, tablet shape, and drug distribution and concentration on drug customization and personalized drug release.
The mitochondrial BCKD complex interacts with hepatic apolipoprotein E in cultured cells in vitro and mouse livers in vivo
Authors: Rueter Johanna , Rimbach Gerald , Treitz Christian , Schloesser Anke , Lüersen Kai , Tholey Andreas , Huebbe Patricia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is known for its role in lipid metabolism and its association with age-related disease pathology. The aim of the present work was to identify previously unknown functions of APOE based on the detection of novel APOE protein–protein interaction candidates.

Approach and results
APOE targeted replacement mice and transfected cultured hepatocytes expressing the human isoforms APOE3 and APOE4 were used. For 7 months, APOE3 and APOE4 mice were fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet to induce obesity, while a subgroup was subjected to 30% dietary restriction. Proteomic analysis of coimmunoprecipitation products from APOE mouse liver extracts revealed 28 APOE-interacting candidate proteins, including branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex subunit alpha (BCKDHA) and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1). The binding of APOE and BCKDHA was verified in situ by proximity ligation assay in cultured cells. The activity of the BCKD enzyme complex was significantly higher in obese APOE4 mice than in APOE3 mice, while the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids and mTOR signalling proteins were not different. However, the protein–protein interaction with VDAC1 was strongly induced in APOE3 and APOE4 mice upon dietary restriction, suggesting a prominent role of APOE in mitochondrial function.

Conclusions
The protein–protein interactions of APOE with BCKDHA and VDAC1 appear to be of physiological relevance and are modulated upon dietary restriction. Because these are mitochondrial proteins, it may be suggested that APOE is involved in mitochondria-related processes and adaptation to hepatic energy demands.
Cardiac radioablation of incessant ventricular tachycardia in patients with terminal heart failure under permanent left ventricular assist device therapy—description of two cases
Authors: Mehrhof Felix , Bergengruen Paula , Gerds-Li Jin-Hong , Jahn Andrea , Kluge Anne Kathrin , Parwani Abdul , Zips Daniel , Boldt Leif-Hendrik , Schönrath Felix 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cardiac radioablation (cRA) using a stereotactic single-session radioablative approach has recently been described as a possible treatment option for patients with otherwise untreatable recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT). There is very limited experience in cRA for patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. We present clinical experiences of two patients treated with cRA for incessant VT under long-term LVAD therapy.

Methods
Two male patients (54 and 61 years old) with terminal heart failure under LVAD therapy (both patients for 8 years) showed incessant VT despite extensive antiarrhythmic drug therapy and repeated catheter ablation. cRA with a single dose of 25 Gy was applied as a last resort strategy under compassionate use in both patients following an electroanatomical mapping procedure.

Results
Both patients displayed ongoing VT during and after the cRA procedure. Repeated attempts at post-procedural rhythm conversion failed in both patients; however, one patient was hemodynamically stabilized and could be discharged home for several months before falling prey to a fatal bleeding complication. The second patient initially stabilized for a few days following cRA before renewed acceleration of running VT required bilateral ablation of the stellate ganglion; the patient died 50 days later. No immediate side effects of cRA were detected in either patient.

Conclusion
cRA might serve as a last resort strategy for patients with terminal heart failure undergoing LVAD therapy and displaying incessant VT. Intermediate- and long-term outcomes of these seriously ill patients often remain poor; therefore, best supportive care strategies should also be evaluated as long as no clear beneficial effects of cRA procedures can be shown. For patients treated with cRA under running ventricular rhythm abnormality, strategies for post-procedural generation of stabilized rhythm have to be established.
Strukturierte Patientenübergabe in Hochrisikobereichen
Authors: Fliegenschmidt J. , Merkel M. J. , von Dossow V. , Zwißler B. 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie perioperative Medizin ist ein Hochrisikobereich, der besonders anfällig für Kommunikationsdefizite und -fehler ist. Das Schema „situation, background, assessment, recommendation“ (SBAR) bietet einen einfach anzuwendenden Kommunikationsleitfaden, der mit einer verbesserten Qualität der Übergabe assoziiert ist. Im März 2022 ist die Verwendung des SBAR-Schemas in der Perioperativmedizin durch die DGAI schon in zweiter Auflage empfohlen worden. Darüber hinaus hat die moderne Kommunikationsforschung ein ganzes Bündel von Maßnahmen identifiziert, die essenzielle Voraussetzungen für eine effektive Teamarbeit und die Gewährleistung der Patientensicherheit schaffen. Das SBAR-Schema ist eine Möglichkeit, strukturierte Kommunikation im klinischen Alltag umzusetzen. Entscheidend sind die konsequente Nutzung und eine klare Definition der Handlungsabläufe. Nur so können Kommunikationsdefizite in Hochrisikobereichen schneller identifiziert und durch Einführung eines strukturierten Übergabekonzeptes reduziert werden. Unabdingbar bleibt das gemeinsame Verständnis für die Notwendigkeit, diese Konzepte zu erlernen, umzusetzen und als Team zu trainieren. Das übergeordnete Ziel einer Kultur der Patientensicherheit ist nur durch die konsequente Zusammenarbeit des interprofessionellen Teams und durch das Vorleben der Führungskräfte erreichbar.
Die Situation pflegender Angehöriger im erwerbsfähigen Alter in der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse einer Onlinebefragung in Deutschland
Authors: Wiegelmann Henrik , Hess Moritz , Domhoff Dominik , Heinze Franziska , Schmidt Annika , Seibert Kathrin , Stolle Claudia , Preuß Benedikt , Rothgang Heinz , Wolf-Ostermann Karin 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie haben verschiedene Personengruppen vor große Herausforderungen gestellt; eine dieser Gruppen sind pflegende Angehörige. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, welche Veränderungen die Pandemie für pflegende Angehörige mit sich gebracht hat und in welchem Ausmaß sich Lebensqualität und Pflegebelastung subgruppenspezifisch verändert haben.

Methode
Die Datenerhebung erfolgte im Sommer 2020 in einer Querschnittsstudie mit pflegenden Angehörigen im erwerbsfähigen Alter (N = 1143). Neben soziodemografischen Daten wurden Angaben zu Versorgungssituation, Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Beruf sowie Belastung und Lebensqualität in einer Onlinebefragung erhoben. Versorgungssituation und Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Beruf wurden deskriptiv analysiert. Für die Analysen der Veränderung der Lebensqualität und der Belastung wurden logistische Regressionsmodelle verwendet.

Ergebnisse
Die Versorgungssituation hat sich für viele Befragte (54,7 %) während der Pandemie geändert und ist zeitlich aufwendiger geworden. Für 70,8 % ist die Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Beruf schwieriger geworden. Mit dem Pandemiemanagement der eigenen Arbeitgeber:innen zeigt sich die Mehrheit zufrieden (65,9 %). Die Lebensqualität hat ab- und die Belastung zugenommen, besonders deutlich für jüngere Pflegende, Frauen und Pflegende von Personen mit hohem Pflegebedarf.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich die Lebenssituationen pflegender Angehöriger während der COVID-19-Pandemie verschlechtert haben. Entscheidungsträger:innen sollten dies anerkennen und besonders betroffene Subgruppen pflegender Angehöriger unterstützen. Zukünftig ist es wichtig, die informelle häusliche Pflege ebenso wie Versorgungssettings der professionellen (Langzeit‑)Pflege in gesundheits- und sozialpolitische Pandemiekonzepte einzubeziehen.
Accountability in artificial intelligence: what it is and how it works
Authors: Novelli Claudio , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccountability is a cornerstone of the governance of artificial intelligence (AI). However, it is often defined too imprecisely because its multifaceted nature and the sociotechnical structure of AI systems imply a variety of values, practices, and measures to which accountability in AI can refer. We address this lack of clarity by defining accountability in terms of answerability, identifying three conditions of possibility (authority recognition, interrogation, and limitation of power), and an architecture of seven features (context, range, agent, forum, standards, process, and implications). We analyze this architecture through four accountability goals (compliance, report, oversight, and enforcement). We argue that these goals are often complementary and that policy-makers emphasize or prioritize some over others depending on the proactive or reactive use of accountability and the missions of AI governance.
The abuse potential of lemborexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act
Authors: Moline Margaret , Asakura Shoji , Beuckman Carsten , Landry Ishani , Setnik Beatrice , Ashworth Judy , Henningfield Jack E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rationale
Lemborexant (LEM) is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) approved in multiple countries including the USA, Japan, Canada, Australia, and several Asian countries for the treatment of insomnia in adults. As a compound with central nervous system activity, it is important to understand the abuse potential of LEM with respect to public health.

Objectives
This review discusses data for LEM relevant to each of the 8 factors of the United States Controlled Substances Act.

Results
LEM did not demonstrate abuse potential in nonclinical testing and was associated with a low incidence of abuse-related adverse events in clinical study participants with insomnia disorder. Similar to other DORAs that have been evaluated (eg., almorexant, suvorexant (SUV), and daridorexant), LEM and the positive controls (zolpidem and SUV) also showed drug liking in a phase 1 abuse potential study that enrolled subjects who used sedatives recreationally. However, internet surveillance of SUV and the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System suggests that drugs in the DORA class display very low abuse-related risks in the community. Additionally, as described in FDA-approved labeling, it does not carry physical dependence and withdrawal risks.

Conclusions
LEM, similar to most other prescription insomnia medications, was placed into Schedule IV. However, LEM and other drugs in the DORA class may have a lower potential for abuse as suggested by real-world postmarketing data from federal surveys and internet surveillance, and thus may have lower risks to public health than Schedule IV benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics that potentiate GABA signaling.
Analysis of milk with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: a review
Authors: Imperiale Sebastian , Morozova Ksenia , Ferrentino Giovanna , Scampicchio Matteo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a widely consumed foodstuff, milk and dairy products are increasingly studied over the years. At the present time, milk profiling is used as a benchmark to assess the properties of milk. Modern biomolecular mass spectrometers have become invaluable to fully characterize the milk composition. This review reports the analysis of milk and its components using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS). LC–MS analysis as a whole will be discussed subdivided into the major constituents of milk, namely, lipids, proteins, sugars and the mineral fraction.
Effect of rosemary addition on the sensorial and physicochemical qualities of dry-cured ham slices. Measurement of camphor transfer
Authors: Gómez-Sáez Elena M. , Alonso Gonzalo L. , Vergara Herminia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study determined the effect of three concentrations (R1: high, R2: medium and R3: low) of rosemary added to dry-cured ham slices vacuum packaged. pH and the colour parameters were evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days of storage; visual appearance, odour, flavour and camphor content were assessed at days 7, 14, 28 and 60. The rosemary concentration changed the colour parameters, significantly altering the visual appearance (p < 0.001 at 7 and 14 days; p < 0.5 at day 28), but did not affect the pH, neither odour nor flavour. Nevertheless, significant differences were found with the time on R1 and R2 in odour (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) and in flavour (p < 0.001). Camphor content was similar in all samples but changed over the time in R1 (p < 0.001) and R2 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, despite the differences observed, it is evident that the addition of this spice was to the liking of the panellists, in any of the concentrations used.
Incidence and concomitant chondral injuries in a consecutive cohort of primary traumatic patellar dislocations examined with sub-acute MRI
Authors: Isacsson Anders , Olsson Ola , Englund Martin , Frobell Richard B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To present age- and sex-specific cumulative annual incidences of primary traumatic lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) and to detail patient characteristics and concomitant chondral injuries including osteochondral fractures, as visualized on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a large consecutive cohort of knee-injured individuals.

Methods
Data on primary traumatic lateral patellar dislocations were collected from a large consecutive cohort of knee injuries examined with sub-acute MRI in a single centre with a well-defined catchment area. Annual incidences for different age-groups in relation to gender were calculated together with the risk of concomitant chondral and osteochondral injury, during sports and in general.

Results
A total of 184 primary patellar dislocations were identified in the cohort of 1145 acute knee injuries (n=175) and surgical records (n=9). Knee MRI was performed within a median of six days of injury. Median age of patients with primary LPD was 16 years (interquartile range, 14–21; range, 9–47) and 41% were females. Males were significantly older than females at the time of injury (median age 17 vs. 15, P = 0.021) and sustained their primary LPD during sports more often than females (65 vs. 40%, P < 0.001). Primary LPD occurred most frequently at the age of 13 to 15 years where the annual incidence was 125 (95% CI, 96–160) per 100,000 persons. The overall annual incidence of primary LPD was 14 (95% CI, 12–16) per 100,000 persons, with a predominance of males versus females (17 vs. 11, P = 0.01). Concomitant lesions to joint surfaces were displayed on MRI or during surgery in 75 (43%) knees. Osteochondral fractures were seen in 32 knees (18%). We found no statistically significant difference in the risk of osteochondral fracture between those injured during sports or during leisure activity (14 vs. 24%, P = 0.08).

Conclusions
The annual incidence of first-time patellar dislocation was found to be 14 per 100,000 individuals with the highest incidence found among those aged 13–15 years. Primary LPD was more common among males and was sustained during sports activity in 55% of the cases. Associated injuries to the chondral surfaces should be expected in 43% of knees with primary LPD where 18% represent osteochondral fractures.
Evaluation of cannulated compression headless screws as an alternative implant for superior pubic ramus fracture fixation: a biomechanical study
Authors: Berk Till , Zderic Ivan , Schwarzenberg Peter , Pastor Tatjana , Lesche Felix , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Richards R. Geoff , Gueorguiev Boyko , Pape Hans-Christoph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background/purpose
Pubic ramus fractures account for the most common types of pelvic fractures. The standard surgical approach for superior pubic ramus fractures (SPRF) is a minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation. However, percutaneous closed reduction and internal fixation of anterior pelvic ring injuries have high failure rates of up to 15%. The aim of this biomechanical study was to evaluate the stability of SPRF following stabilization with retrograde placed cannulated compression headless screw (CCHS) versus conventional fully and partially threaded screws in an artificial pelvic bone model.

Methods
SPRF type II as described by Nakatani et al. was created by means of osteotomies in eighteen anatomical composite hemi-pelvises. Specimens were stratified into three groups of six specimens each (n = 6) for fixation with either a 7.3 mm partially threaded cannulated screw (group RST), a 7.3 mm fully threaded cannulated screw (group RSV), or a 7.5 mm partially threaded cannulated CCHS (group CCS). Each hemi-pelvic specimen was tested in an inverted upright standing position under progressively increasing cyclic axial loading. The peak load, starting at 200 N, was monotonically increased at a rate of 0.1 N/cycle until 10 mm actuator displacement.

Results
Total and torsional displacement were associated with higher values for RST versus CCS and RSV, with significant differences between RST and CCS for both these parameters (p ≤ 0.033). The differences between RST and RSV were significant for total displacement (p = 0.020), and a trend toward significance for torsional displacement (p = 0.061) was observed. For both failure criteria 2 mm total displacement and 5° torsional displacement, CCS was associated with significantly higher number of cycles compared to RST (p ≤ 0.040).

Conclusion
CCHS fixation presented predominantly superior stability to the standard surgical treatment and could therefore be a possible alternative implant for retrograde SPRF screw fixation, whereas partially threaded screws in group RST were associated with inferior biomechanical stability.
Aktiv und zufrieden? Körperliche Aktivität und berufsbezogene Lebensqualität bei Psycholog:innen
Authors: Bendau Antonia , Gerz George Oliver , Ströhle Andreas , Petzold Moritz Bruno 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Klinisch tätige Psycholog:innen sind in ihrer Arbeit mit Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen oft zahlreichen Stressoren ausgesetzt; diese können sich in psychischer Belastung und einer verringerten Lebensqualität niederschlagen. Körperliche Aktivität könnte eine protektive Ressource darstellen, diesbezüglich fehlen jedoch bisher empirische Befunde.

Methoden
Im Rahmen einer querschnittlichen Online-Befragung über SoSci-Survey (Januar bis April 2020) wurden die körperliche Aktivität und die berufsbezogene Lebensqualität (positive Dimension: Mitgefühlszufriedenheit; negative Dimension: Mitgefühlsmüdigkeit) einer Gelegenheitsstichprobe aus 443 klinisch tätigen Psycholog:innen mithilfe etablierter Selbstberichtfragebogen (International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form [IPAQ-SF], Professional Quality of Life Scale [ProQOL]) erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Der Großteil der befragten Psycholog:innen erfüllte das von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation empfohlene Mindestmaß an körperlicher Aktivität. Die Mitgefühlszufriedenheit war im Schnitt relativ hoch, während eher geringe bis moderate Ausprägungen an Burn-out-Symptomatik sowie sekundärem traumatischem Stress (Facetten der Mitgefühlsmüdigkeit) berichtet wurden. Außer vereinzelten kleinen negativen Korrelationen zwischen körperlicher Inaktivität und Mitgefühlszufriedenheit bei Psycholog:innen in Weiterbildung sowie Burn-out-Symptomen und körperlicher Gesamtaktivität bei Psychologischen Psychotherapeut:innen waren keine Zusammenhänge zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und berufsbezogener Lebensqualität ersichtlich.

Schlussfolgerungen
Psycholog:innen scheinen zu großen Teilen eine körperlich aktive und tendenziell zufriedene Berufsgruppe darzustellen. Zusammenhänge zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und Lebensqualität könnten teilweise durch Deckeneffekte verdeckt sein. Des Weiteren könnte eine Analyse der Ursachen für diese adaptiven Ausprägungen in Aktivität und Lebensqualität Anhaltspunkte für Maßnahmen zur Förderung anderer Professionen liefern.
Ein Simulationsmodell zur Erfassung von Abflussrisiken in der Landwirtschaft
Authors: Wendland S. , Hankers B. , Bock M. , Böhner J. , Squar J. , Lembrich D. , Conrad O. 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDigitale Informationstechniken gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung für Optimierungsstrategien in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion, wobei einer Gewinnmaximierung die Minimierung kritischer Umweltwirkungen z. B. durch Oberflächenabfluss und Bodenerosion gegenübersteht. Mit dem hier vorgestellten Simulationsmodell lassen sich die an den Oberflächenabfluss gekoppelten Risiken der Stoffverlagerung räumlich explizit für frei wählbare Szenarien bezüglich der Niederschlagsmenge, Bodenwasseraufsättigung, Feldfrucht und verschiedenen Minderungsmaßnahmen abschätzen. Die Modellimplementierung erfolgte auf Basis der freien GIS Software SAGA, die federführend an der Universität Hamburg entwickelt wird. Die Konfiguration und operationelle Ausführung des Modells erfolgt typischerweise in einer Python Umgebung. Deutschlandweit prozessierte Simulationsergebnisse für repräsentative Szenarien mit einer räumlichen Auflösung von 10 m werden von der Geoinformationsdienst GmbH über eine Web-GIS Anwendung für Kunden bereitgestellt.