bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain management: A deeper look at rural and urban nurses’ perceptions and experiences
Authors: Schuller Kristin A. , Dunson‐Dillard Tonia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeAbout 11.4 million individuals admitted to misusing an opioid in the past year. The purpose of this study was to determine if nurses’ definitions of pain management differed by location, and to assess the challenges treating patients with pain management concerns. This study fills a gap by comparing quantitative and qualitative feedback from nurses on pain management concerns in their practice location.MethodsData were collected using an electronic survey emailed to licensed nurses across the United States. The mixed methods survey used multiple choice, select all that apply, and open‐ended responses to gather data on nurses’ perceptions of pain management. One hundred and eighty nurses completed the survey and were included in the study. Sixty‐six percent practiced in an urban hospital.FindingsRural and urban nurses defined pain management as nonopioids and opioids. Seventy‐one percent of urban nurses defined pain management as physical therapy compared to only 61% of rural nurses. Similarly, 62% of urban nurses identified homeopathic medicines and treatments as pain management techniques compared to 52% of rural nurses. From the qualitative data, 32% of rural nurses stated that patients with pain management concerns only want pain medications compared to 14% of urban nurses.ConclusionsNurses have a critical position in and valuable perspective on the opioid epidemic. Rural communities are relatively disadvantaged in combatting the opioid epidemic. The finding that rural residents only want pain medication instead of alternative pain management options further challenges the country's rural health care workforce.
Analysis of environmental, social, and anthropogenic factors as potential drivers of breaching behavior in the Mediterranean fin whale
Authors: Campana Ilaria , Farace Ivan , Paraboschi Miriam , Arcangeli Antonella 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBreaching is frequently reported for many large cetacean species, but this behavior is considered very rare in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Fin whales are regularly observed in the Mediterranean Sea, and they perform seasonal concentration/dispersal movements throughout this basin. This study aimed to investigate the influence that environmental parameters, social factors, and anthropogenic disturbance may have on breaching behavior in fin whales to deepen the understanding of these displays. Fin whale sightings were collected between 2012 and 2020 within the Fixed Line Transect Monitoring Network along the ferry route from Italy to Spain, crossing the mid‐latitudes of the western Mediterranean Sea. Breaching events were analyzed with respect to season, chlorophyll concentration, sea state, group size, fin whale frequency, distance between a breaching event and the closest whales, distance from the observation platform, and maritime traffic. During the study, breaching events were recorded 27 times over 721 fin whale sightings (3.74%), with a higher frequency during summer and fall (>4.96%) compared to spring (1.77%); no events were observed during winter. The most significant variables were distance from the observation platform as an inhibitory factor and distance between whales, possibly related to socialization and communication.
The effects of weight‐lowering pharmacotherapies on physical activity, function and fitness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jobanputra Rishi , Sargeant Jack A. , Almaqhawi Abdullah , Ahmad Ehtasham , Arsenyadis Franciskos , Webb David R. , Herring Louisa Y. , Khunti Kamlesh , Davies Melanie J. , Yates Thomas 
Published: February 2023

SummaryWeight‐lowering pharmacotherapies provide an option for weight management; however, their effects on physical activity, function, and cardiorespiratory fitness are not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to investigate the effect of licensed weight loss pharmacotherapies on physical activity, physical function, and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with obesity. Fourteen trials met our prespecified inclusion criteria: Five investigated liraglutide, four semaglutide, three naltrexone/bupropion, and two phentermine/topiramate. All 14 trials included a self‐reported measure of physical function, with the pooled findings suggesting an improvement favoring the pharmacotherapy intervention groups (SMD: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.32) and effects generally consistent across different therapies. Results were also consistent when stratified by the two most commonly used measures: The Short‐Form 36‐Item Questionnaire (SF‐36) (0.24; 0.17 to 0.32) and the Impact of Weight on Quality Of Life‐Lite (IWQOL‐Lite) (0.29; 0.23 to 0.35). Meta‐regression confirmed a significant association between pharmacotherapy induced weight loss and improved physical function for IWQOL‐Lite (p = 0.003). None of the studies reported a physical activity outcome, and only one study reported objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness. Improvements in self‐reported physical function were observed with weight loss therapy, but the effect on physical activity or objectively measured physical function and fitness could not be determined.
Vitamin B6 biosynthesis is essential for the virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Hou Yunyu , Cai Jing , Lin Yunuan , Mi Duo , Tao Jun , Li Chunxia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease, which threatens rice production around the world. Efficient infection of rice leaves by Xoo depends on its ability to obtain nutrients from the plant and to cope with the host defence responses. Vitamin B6 (VB6) is essential to the growth of all organisms, but bacteria and plants use different biosynthesis pathways, meaning VB6 biosynthesis might be attractive as an antibacterial target. In bacteria, deoxyxylose 5‐phosphate (DXP)‐dependent and deoxyxylose 5‐phosphate‐independent biosynthesis pathways can produce VB6. However, the Xoo VB6 biosynthesis pathway has not been experimentally identified, and its role in Xoo virulence remains unclear. Here, we analysed the VB6 biosynthesis pathway in Xoo and its role in host–pathogen interactions. PdxA and PdxJ are key components for DXP‐dependent VB6 biosynthesis; we found that Xoo mutants containing mutations in these two putative genes (pdxA and pdxJ) were fully auxotrophic for VB6, demonstrating that Xoo VB6 de novo biosynthesis is DXP‐dependent. We also found that mutation of these key genes (pdxA and pdxJ) significantly reduced Xoo virulence in rice. These results suggest that VB6 de novo biosynthesis is essential for Xoo virulence.
Associations Between Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Depressive Symptomatology in Adolescents: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Kracht Chelsea L. , Pochana Sai S. , Staiano Amanda E. 
Published: February 2023

Background: More moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and less time in sedentary behavior (SB) may protect against poor mental health in adolescence. Depressive symptomatology may also influence adolescents’ own MVPA and SB. The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional relationship between adolescent MVPA, SB, and depressive symptomatology using a longitudinal approach. Methods: Adolescents (10–16 y) were recruited for a prospective observational cohort. Depressive symptomatology was measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Accelerometry was used to measure MVPA and SB. Adolescents were classified by meeting the MVPA guideline (≥60 min/d) and quartiles of SB time, with the lowest amount of time in SB compared to others. Bidirectional associations between MVPA, SB, and depressive symptomatology were assessed using mixed-effects regression models. Results: At baseline, adolescents (n = 205) were 12.5 (2.0) years, 54.6% women, 59.1% White, and 34.6% African American. In unadjusted models, adolescents with less baseline time in SB had lower follow-up Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire scores, and fewer were classified as depressed at follow-up compared to others. After adjustment, adolescents with less baseline time in SB had lower depressive symptomatology at follow-up. Conclusions: Limiting time spent in SB in adolescence may improve future mental health.
Out of the Outback, into the Art World: Dotting in Australian Aboriginal Art and the Navigation of Globalization
Authors: Mason Matthew J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, the popularity of Australian Aboriginal dot painting overseas has exploded, with works by some of Australia's leading artists selling for millions of dollars at auction, as well as featuring in major international exhibitions like the Venice Biennale and documenta. While this carries with it the risk of Aboriginal art and culture becoming diluted or commodified, this essay explores the origins and use of the ‘dotting’ typical of much Australian Aboriginal art of the Western and Central Deserts of Australia, as well as Aboriginal dot painting's circulation internationally, to consider how Aboriginal art's entry into the global art world might also represent an act of Indigenous self-determination. By leveraging the Western fascination with the ‘secret/sacred’ content often assumed to be hidden by these dots, Aboriginal artists have been able to generate an international market for their works. While Aboriginal communities remain among the most economically disadvantaged in Australia, Aboriginal art nevertheless provides a critical means by which Indigenous communities can support themselves, and, more importantly, operates as a form of cultural preservation and a tool by which Aboriginal peoples can assert their sovereignty.
More Phemes
Authors:   Slavs and Tatars
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A reading of Hurufism, a Sufi movement based on the science and mysticism of letters, the authors consider a range of affective, performative becomings in this unlikely Persian and Anatolian movement. Hurufism sees multiples of 14 and 28 (from the Perso-Arabic alphabet) in the corresponding hairs of the human face. Accordingly, Slavs and Tatars consider the implications for gender variation and fluidity in these otherwise overburdened graphemes.
10–30-Day Subseasonal Features Associated with Multiple and Isolated Persistent Rainfall Events over South China
Authors: Zheng Bin , Lin Ailan , Huang Yanyan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, persistent rainfall (PR) over South China (SC) is divided into two types. One type occurs multiple times in succession [defined as multiple PR (MPR)]; another type represents isolated PR (IPR), for which no new PR occurs for 10 days after the previous PR. The spatiotemporal structures of the 10–30-day intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) associated with the two types of PR are compared and analyzed. The results reveal that the low-level moisture and air temperature perturbations always have a leading phase relative to the anomalous precipitation. In addition, the positive low-level moisture tendency appears in the MPR ending phase, whereas that in the IPR is close to zero. This difference results in convective development after the MPR ending phase, though not after the IPR. The moisture budget shows that the difference in moisture tendency between MPR and IPR is mainly due to meridional advection, including advections by the mean meridional flow across the perturbation moisture gradient and by the perturbation meridional flow across the mean moisture gradient. For the former, the difference is attributed to the perturbation moisture gradients, while the mean moisture gradients are responsible for the difference of the latter. Furthermore, an essential cause of the difference is the influence of higher-latitude disturbances that affect the IPR more significantly than the MPR. Two associated mechanisms are proposed. One is the perturbation stacking effect, and the other is the effect of angular momentum conservation. By contrast, the low-level temperature anomalies are not the key factor causing the difference between MPR and IPR.

Significance Statement
The persistent rainfall over South China sometimes occurs multiple times in succession, though most are in isolation. We want to understand the structures of the related 10–30-day ISOs and then find the possible cause of why convection develops after the ending stage of the multiple persistent rainfall events but not after the isolated rainfall events. We reveal that the effect of higher-latitude disturbances is an essential factor for the development of the two types of persistent rainfall over South China, with two proposed mechanisms of the perturbation stacking effect and angular momentum conservation. This is helpful for predicting persistent rainfall over South China. Future work should examine the findings by numerical experiments with a climate model.
Abatacept GVHD prophylaxis in unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation for pediatric bone marrow failure
Authors: Stenger Elizabeth O. , Watkins Benjamin , Rogowski Kelsey , Chiang Kuang-Yueh , Haight Ann , Leung Kathryn , Qayed Muna , Raghunandan Sharmila , Suessmuth Yvonne , Kean Leslie , Horan John 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only readily available cure for many life-threatening pediatric nonmalignant diseases (NMD), but most patients lack a matched related donor and are at higher risk for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Use of abatacept (Aba) to target donor T-cell activation has been safe and effective in preventing GVHD after unrelated donor (URD) HCT for malignant diseases (Aba2 trial). Our primary objective was to evaluate the tolerability of Aba added to standard GVHD prophylaxis (cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil) in pediatric patients with NMD undergoing URD HCT. In this single-arm, single-center phase 1 trial, 10 patients receiving reduced intensity or nonmyeloablative conditioning underwent URD HCT. Immune reconstitution was assessed longitudinally via flow cytometry and compared to pediatric patients on Aba2. Nine patients successfully engrafted, with 1 primary graft rejection in the setting of inadequate cell dose; secondary graft rejection occurred in 1 patient with concurrent cytomegalovirus viremia. Two deaths occurred, both unrelated to Aba. One patient developed probable posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, responsive to rituximab and immune suppression withdrawal. No patients developed severe acute or chronic GVHD, and 8 patients were off systemic immunosuppression at 1 year. Immune reconstitution did not appear to be impacted by Aba, and preservation of naïve relative to effector memory CD4+ T cells was seen akin to Aba2. Thus, 4 doses of Aba were deemed tolerable in pediatric patients with NMD following URD HCT, with encouraging preliminary efficacy and supportive immune correlatives in this NMD cohort.
Prevalence of visual impairment in older people living with dementia and its impact: a scoping review
Authors: Zhang Wanyu , Roberts Timothy V. , Poulos Christopher J. , Stanaway Fiona F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives
Visual impairment (VI) and dementia both increase with age, and it is likely that many older people are living with both conditions. This scoping review aims to investigate the prevalence and types of VI among older people living with dementia, and the impact of VI on older people living with dementia and their caregivers.

Methods
This scoping review used Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. Studies in any setting involving people living with dementia and some assessment of either VI, eye diseases causing VI or the impact of VI were included.

Results
Thirty-six studies were included. Thirty-one studies reported the prevalence of VI in older people living with dementia, while ten studies reported on impacts of VI on people living with dementia. Only one study reported on impacts on caregivers. The prevalence of VI or specific eye diseases among older people living with dementia ranged from 0.2 to 74%. The impacts of VI on older people living with dementia included increased use of hospital services, increased disability and dependency, reduced social engagement, negative emotions, increased abnormal behaviours, loss of hobbies, difficulty in using visual aids or memory aids, and greater Neuropsychiatric Inventory symptoms. And the impacts on caregivers included increased conflict and physical exhaustion.

Conclusion
VI is common in older people living with dementia and is associated with negative impacts on those with dementia and their caregivers. However, heterogeneity between studies in terms of setting and method for assessing and defining VI make it difficult to compare findings among studies. Further research is needed, particularly assessing the impact on caregivers.
Survey on electronic visual field data transfer practices among Japan Glaucoma Society board members
Authors: Tanito Masaki , Hara Takeshi , Aihara Makoto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Visual field (VF) testing in combination with a specialized VF analysis software is critical for characterizing and monitoring visual loss in glaucoma. Although performing glaucoma progression analysis requires original VF data rather than printouts or image files, extent of VF data transfer between referring and referred ophthalmologists is unclear. Here, we surveyed glaucoma specialists who belong to the Japan Glaucoma Society (JGS).

Methods
An internet survey of daily practice patterns regarding electronic VF data transfer at the time of glaucoma referrals (referring/referred) was sent to all 50 JGS board members. The survey consisted with 11 questionnaires, and the response rate was 100%.

Results
The respondents included 33 university hospital ophthalmologists (66%) (Q1), and those scattered throughout Japan (Q2). All respondents used Humphrey Visual Filed Analyzer (HFA) (Q3) and at least one of a VF progression analysis software (Q4). Ten respondents (20%) actively transferred electronic VF data, while 40 (80%) did not (Q5). The major reasons for not actively transferring data electronically were that there was no support for data transfer by neighboring (n = 26, 65%) and/or own (25, 63%) institutes (Q6). All 40 inactive respondents responded that electronic data transfer is ideal (Q7). All 10 active respondents transferred data using USB flash memory (Q8). Of the 10 active respondents, seven (70%) reported that the percentage of referral letters accompanying electronic VF data in a format that allows for progression analysis from the beginning was less than 25% (Q9). When the referral letters did not accompany the electronic VF data, four (40%) reported that they further requested the data transfer in < 25% of cases (Q10). When the 10 active respondents were requested to transfer data, six (60%) had experienced rejection due to various reasons (Q11).

Conclusion
An internet survey showed that 80% of the JGS board members were not actively transferring VF data mainly because of the absence of a system in place at institutions for sending and receiving data, although they feel that the electronic VF data transfer is ideal. The results provide basic data for future discussions on the promotion of the VF data transfer.
Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among children and adolescents of Kabul: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Sediqi Mohammad Sharif , Mansoor Abdul Rasheed , Mangal Mohmand 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D is one of the most important fat-soluble vitamins necessary for normal growth and development of the human body. According to a study done in Kabul shows that economic, racial, and social concerns are thought to be the main impediments to receiving appropriate amounts of this vitamin through dietary sources in countries like Afghanistan. Hypovitaminosis D, on the other hand, is now recognized as a pandemic in both industrialized and developing countries.

Methods
To find out how common hypovitaminosis D is in children aged one month to eighteen years in afghan children Kabul, Afghanistan. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are defined as serum levels of less than 20 ng/mL and 20 to 30 ng/mL, respectively. Children aged between 1 month to 18 years attending our hospital, AMC (Ariana Medical Complex) for health examination were checked for their 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Age, gender and address were recorded. 25(OH)D were determined using immunoassay auto analyzers. According to their serum 25(OH)D, the 25(OH)D were categorized into five categories: sufficiency: ≥ 30-100 ng/mL; insufficiency: ≥ 20-29 ng/mL; deficiency: < 20 ng/mL; severe deficiency: < 10 ng/mL; and intoxication: > 150 ng/mL. Participants who were intoxicated with vitamin D were excluded from the study.

Results
A total of 4008 children aged 1 month to 18 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Hypovitaminosis D was found to be prevalent in 62.5 percent of the population. When compared to boys, female children were 1.2 times more likely to be vitamin D deficient. When compared to children of illiterate women, the odds of hypovitaminosis D were 1.4, 1.9, and 5.8 times lower in children with mothers educated up to primary school, graduation, and post-graduate. The average vitamin D level was 23 ng/mL, with a median of 15 ng/mL and maximum and minimum values of 135 ng/mL and 3 ng/mL, respectively.
In all, 2500 (62.5%) of the children had low levels of vitamin D in their serum. Only 400 (16%) of the patients were sufficient, whereas 917 (36.7%) were severely deficient, 733 (29.3%) were deficient, and 450 (18%) were insufficient. With a female to male ratio of 1.2:1, the majority of those, 1335 (53.4%), were females and 1165 (46.6%) were males. Patients were 8.14 years old on average, with a median age of 7 years. The majority of the patients, 2152 (86.1%), were urban, while 348 (13.9%) were rural.

Conclusion
The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was very high in Afghan children. Female sex, higher socio economic status, higher educational status of the mother and living at urban areas were the factors with strong positive association with hypovitaminosis D.