bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S-37-5: HOW TO CHECK WHETHER A BLOOD PRESSURE DEVICE HAS BEEN PROPERLY VALIDATED FOR ACCURACY
Authors: Sharman James E 
Published: January 2023

Accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) is a fundamental requirement for correct hypertension diagnosis and management. For BP measurement, hypertension guidelines recommend using an automated BP measuring device that has passed accuracy testing in accordance with an internationally-accepted validation protocol. These devices should be used for clinic, home and ambulatory BP monitoring.
Automated BP measuring devices confirmed to have been appropriately validated have less measurement variability and are more likely to be accurate compared with non-validated automated BP devices. Unfortunately, regulatory loopholes enable marketing and sale of automated BP measuring devices that have not passed appropriate validation testing. These devices are predominantly available in the online global marketplace, in which there are more than 3,500 different BP device models and where approximately 75% to 80% do not have evidence of being appropriately validated. These non-validated devices are also significantly cheaper and over-represented in terms of sales volume (based on top 100 sales lists internationally). Health practitioners and the public are generally unaware of these issues, and thus widespread education and resources are needed to address.
In collaboration with international organisations, the Lancet Commission on Hypertension Group and the World Hypertension League has created resources on how to check that a BP device has been properly tested for accuracy. These resources direct users to registries of validated BP device listings in different world regions with the goal of increasing the clinical use of BP devices that have been appropriately validated for accuracy.
S-38-3: LONG NONCODING RNA P21 ALLEVIATES ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS DAMAGE AND PROMOTES ENDOTHELIAL REPAIR IN HYPERTENSION THROUGH ENHANCING AUTOPHAGY
Authors: Li Chao , Li Yunlun 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Vascular damage of hypertension has been the focus of hypertension treatment, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the repair of vascular endothelial damage. Functional damage and decreased number of EPCs are observed in the peripheral circulation of hypertensive patients, but its mechanism is not yet elucidated.

Methods:
Peripheral circulating endothelial progenitor cells of hypertensive patients were labeled and detected by flow cytometry. At the same time, the endothelial progenitor cells of hypertensive patients were cultured in vitro to detect their cell function and aging. The rat bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. After the intervention of AngII, the cell function, autophagy, and cell senescence were detected. PCR and WB were used to measure the expression and phosphorylation of SESN2, AMPK and TSC2.

Results:
Our results showed that the number of EPCs in hypertensive patients is significantly lower than that of normal population, and the cell function decreases with a higher proportion of EPCs at later stages. A decrease in autophagy is responsible for the senescence and damage of EPCs induced by AngII. Moreover, lncRNA-p21 plays a critical regulator role in the senescence and dysfunction of EPCs. Furthermore, lncRNA-p21 activates SESN2/AMPK/TSC2 pathway by promoting the transcriptional activity of p53 and lncRNA-p21 overexpression enhanced autophagy via AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathway to protect against AngII-induced EPC damage. EPCs with lncRNA-p21 knockdown showed poor adhesion ability and vascular repair function. These results suggest that lncRNA-p21 enhances autophagy to alleviate endothelial progenitor cells damage and promote endothelial repair in hypertension through SESN2/AMPK/TSC2 pathway.

Conclusion:
The data provide evidence that a reversal of decreased autophagy serves as the protective mechanism of EPC injury in hypertensive patients, and lncRNA-p21 is a new therapeutic target for vascular endothelial repair in hypertension.
S-38-5: IDENTIFICATION OF FERROPTOSIS-RELATED GENES IN CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS ON BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Cai Qiujing 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is a common chronic vascular inflammatory disease and one of the main causes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). Ferroptosis related genes (FRGs) may play a crucial part in pathophysiological processes of CAS. However, the expression profile of FRGs have rarely been adopted to explore the relationship between ferroptosis and CAS.

Objects:
Therefore, using the expression profile of FRGs to explore the relationship between ferroptosis and CAS may provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of CVD.

Methods:
The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the GSE432192 dataset were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Ferroptosis related genes (FRGs) were identified by downloading data from the FerrDb database. The GSE432192 dataset contains 32 carotid atheroma plaque samples and 32 macroscopically intact carotid tissue samples adjacent to the atheroma plaque. The differentially expressed FRGs (DE FRGs) of the GSE432192 dataset were screened and analyzed by gene ontology analysis (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis (KEGG), protein protein interaction network (PPI), and were chosen to explore related miRNAs.

Results:
The GSE432192 dataset had a total of 41 DE FRGs. The GO analysis results revealed that DE FRGs were mainly enriched in response to oxidative stress, oxidoreductase activity acting on NAD(P)H, and apical part of cell. KEGG analysis results showed that DE FRGs were mainly enriched in ferroptosis and chemical carcinogenesis reactive oxygen species relating pathways. Expressions of top 5 hub genes, as HIF1A, HMOX1, TFRC, CYBB, EGFR, were regarded as focus in the PPI regulatory networks.

Conclusions:
In this study, Ferroptosis and FRGs may play a vital role in regulating the pathophysiology of CAS.
S-39-5: FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT OF AKI AMONG COVID-19 HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Omer Intisar Abdelrahim Bashir , Elamin Maha Esmail , Hasan Dina Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To determine risk factors associated with development of AKI with regards to mortality rate among covid-19 patients taking in consideration risk factors such as age, sex and chronic diseases like diabetics considering renal function to outcome.

Design and method:
This is a retrospective cohort study using de-identified data retrieved from clinical records of patients from two COVID 19 isolation centers. Medical history, demographic data, symptoms, disease complications and laboratory investigations were extracted from clinical records of 406 confirmed COVID 19 hospitalized patients in the period between Feb 2020 and July 2021. Continuous variables were presented as means ± standard deviation (SD) while categorical variables were presented as percent proportions. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with development of AKI with regards to mortality factors rate among covid 19 hypertensive patients.

Result:
Out of 406 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 59.6% had a history of hypertension. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors associated with AKI among hypertensive and non hypertensive patients of covid-19.
Age factor is highly significant factor for development of AKI for hypertensive (odd ratio [OR]: 4.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.93–1.36, P = 0.001) and non-hypertensive patients (odd ratio [OR]: 4.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.58–4.18, P = 0.001).
Urea (odd ratio [OR]: 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.63–5.76, P = 0.001), creatinine (odd ratio [OR]: 3.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.82–6.32, P > 0.001) and potassium[K] (odd ratio [OR]: 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: (2.23–3.83, P = 0.035) are highly significantly increased for hypertensive covid-19 patients, whereas urea, creatinine and K are not significantly changed for non-hypertensive covid-19 patients
Gender and morbidity factor (diabetes mellitus) has no significant effect for AKI development for hypertensive and non-hypertensive covid-19 patients.
AKI is considered as a risk factor death among COVID-19 patients (OR:284, CI:1.56–5.15, p = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The present study indicates that 71% of patients with AKI are hypertensive. The results also highlight the alarming high incidents of hypertension in the studied population. On conclusion hypertension is considered as highly morbidity factor for development of AKI
S-40-4: ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED BLOOD PRESSURE ELEVATION WAS POTENTIATED TOGETHER WITH INCREASES IN INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCING T CELLS IN INTERLEUKIN-23 RECEPTOR-DEFICIENT MICE
Authors: Paradis Pierre , Shokoples Brandon , Comeau Kevin , Higaki Akinori , Ferreira Nathanne S , Caillon Antoine , Berillo Olga , Oukka Mohamed , Schiffrin Ernesto L 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
We previously demonstrated a role for γδ T cells in hypertension and vascular injury. In inflammatory conditions γδT17 are a prominent producer of IL-17A, which has been shown to contribute to hypertension. The development and expansion of γδT17 cells is regulated in part through IL-23 receptors (IL-23R). We hypothesized that angiotensin (Ang) II-induced blood pressure (BP) elevation and vascular injury would be blunted in mice with dysfunctional IL-23R.

Design and method:
Wild-type (WT) and Il23r knock-in (Il23r
gfp/gfp) mice were infused or not with Ang II (490ng/kg/min, SC) for 7 or 14 days. BP was monitored via telemetry, mesenteric artery function and remodeling using pressurized myography, and T cell profiling in mesenteric artery perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) by flow cytometry.

Results:

Il23r
gfp/gfp mice exhibited a greater BP elevation in response to Ang II than WT by day 3 (152 ± 5 vs 144 ± 7 mm Hg, P < 0.05), which was sustained through day 9 (169 ± 2 vs 155 ± 5 mm Hg, P < 0.05), but eventually similar to that of WT mice by the end of the Ang II infusion (167 ± 2 vs 167 ± 4 mm Hg). Il23r
gfp/gfp mice were not protected from vascular dysfunction and remodeling after 14 days of Ang II. Il23r
gfp/gfp mice had less γδT17 cells in PVAT than WT mice (40 ± 8 vs 108 ± 15 cells/PVAT, P < 0.05). Ang II increased interferon-γ producing γδ T cells in WT (13 ± 3 vs 5 ± 1 cells/PVAT, P < 0.05) and Il23r
gfp/gfp mice (14 ± 3 vs 3 ± 1 cells/PVAT, P < 0.05), and interferon-γ producing CD4+ (125 ± 27 vs 38 ± 13 cells/PVA, P < 0.05) and CD8+ T cells (76 ± 13 vs 33 ± 8 cells/PVA, P < 0.05) only in Il23r
gfp/gfp mice.

Conclusion:
Functional IL-23R deficiency exaggerated BP elevation during the initiation of Ang II-induced hypertension, potentially due to the increased number of interferon-γ producing T cells.
S-41-3: HYPERTENSION AND KIDNEY DISEASE IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Teo Boon Wee 
Published: January 2023

The inter-related lifestyle non-communicable diseases of hypertension and diabetes accounts for 70 to 80% of all end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Singapore. Singapore is a multi-ethnic Asian society where the Chinese are the majority (76%), Malay (15%), Indian (9%), and other. The National Population Health Survey 2020 reported that the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension had increased from 21.9% in 2017 to 31.7% in 2019–2020, and more men (41.0%) were affected than women (30.2%). The prevalence of hypertension increased with age; starting at around 10% for those aged 18 to 29 years to 74.9% among those aged 70 to 74 years. Almost half (52.4%) of residents had not been previously diagnosed with hypertension. In adults with known hypertension, 35.7% had good control of their blood pressure (BP). Men (66.0%) had poorer BP control compared to women (62.2%). Among the ethnic groups, Malays (69.4%) had the highest proportion with poor BP control followed by Chinese (64.0%) and Indians (58.6%).
The National Nutrition Survey 2018/9 reported that more than 90% exceeded the recommended amount of 5 g per day (average intake 9 g in 2018). This was due mostly to seasonings, salt, and sauces added during food preparation, which accounted for 75% of salt in the diet.
We studied the usual clinical practice of hypertension management in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in the Nephrology clinics of an academic medical center. Despite intensive follow-up and access to medical care, many patients were unable to achieve the BP goals. We also compared the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion of healthy controls and CKD. Dietary habits vary by ethnicity, and the Indian population take more sodium than other groups. We developed a prediction equation in our population to determine the likelihood of exceeding 100 mmol of sodium in a 24-hour urine from an early morning spot urine sodium test.
The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of CKD5 was relatively stable at between 266.7 pmp and 295.3 pmp in 2011 to 2019. ASIR of CKD5 were higher among Malays than other ethnicities. ASIR of definitive dialysis increased from 169.6 pmp in 2011 to 187.3 pmp in 2020. About 39.6% of deaths in dialysis patients were due to cardiac causes. Overall, hypertension was a contributory factor to the main causes of death in the population of Singapore, being ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, CKD, and hypertensive disease.
S-42-4: ISOLATED NOCTURNAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS LIVING WITH HUMAN INMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
Authors: Zanuzzi Matias G , Lopez Silvina M , Cattaneo Maximo J , Maure Maria A Perez , Lahiri Cecile D , Romero Cesar A 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
People living with HIV (PLHIV) have higher rates of cardiovascular events compared to the general population; however mechanisms behind this discrepancy are poorly understood. High prevalence of hypertension has been proposed as a mechanism underlying cardiovascular events with contradictory results when office blood pressure (BP) is considered. Ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) have the advantage to measure BP during sleep, a cause of masked hypertension. Additionally, body weight and electrolytes disturbances are common in PLHIV under antiretroviral and antibiotic therapy. We aim to describe the prevalence of isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) and it characteristics in PLHIV.

Material and methods:
A random sample of PLHIV from the provincial HIV program in Cordoba, Argentina, underwent clinical and laboratory examination, and 24 h ABPM. Nocturnal hypertension (NH) was defined as nocturnal systolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg and or nocturnal diastolic BP≥70 mmHg. INH was defined in those patients with NH with daytime systolic and diastolic BP< 135/85 mmHg respectively.

Results:
PLHIV were included in the study: 60% male, mean age was 44.6 (27–69) years old, 87% were receiving antiretroviral therapy. BMI was 25.8 ± 4.8, mean CD4 count was 404.4 ± 289, cells/ml and 86.2% were virologically suppressed. The prevalence of NH was 48.5% [95%CI:36–60%], the vast majority having INH 29/32 (90%), thus the population prevalence of INH was 43.9% [95%CI:32–55,%]. INH patients have an excess of 10.4 and 8 mmHg in 24 hr systolic BP and diastolic BP respectively compared to no INH patients (both p < 0.001). No differences were found regards age, sex, viral load, CD4+ cells and years of HIV history between patients with and without INH. Multiple linear regression (adj-R2 = 0.27, p < 0.001) adjusted by sex and age determined that BMI (β = 0.79, p = 0.02]), plasma uric acid (β = 0.33, p = 0.01) and plasma potassium (β = -9.5, p = 0.03]) independently predicted nocturnal systolic BP in PLHIV. In a multiple logistic regression model adjusted by age and sex, BMI≥30 was associated with INH (OR 4.04 [95%CI: 1.25–13)

Conclusion:
INH is highly prevalent in PLHIV conferring an excessive hypertension load that may explain the associated high CVS risk. Obesity, increased uric acid, and low plasma potassium are associated with nocturnal systolic BP. Our work suggests the routine use of ABPM and explore metabolic disturbances in obese PLHIV.
S-43-4: CENTRAL ADIPOSITY IN CHILDHOOD INCREASES THE LIKELIHOOD OF EARLY VASCULAR AGING
Authors: Kruger Ruan , Masike Kebiditswe Lesego , Uys Aletta Sophia , Breet Yolandi 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), is a central component of early vascular aging (EVA) and has been associated with obesity and hypertension. However, the association between overweight/obesity and arterial stiffness is controversial in the general population, with less known in children from South Africa. We aimed to determine whether overweight/obesity increases the likelihood of EVA in South African school-aged children.

Design and method:
A total of 994 children (aged 5–9 years) were included in this study. Groups were stratified according to body composition (low-normal weight, overweight and obesity) and EVA (lower 75th (n = 725) and upper 25th (n = 269) percentiles of PWV) categories. We collected anthropometric data and conducted arterial pulse wave analysis.

Results:
Body mass index z-score (BMI-z) was higher in the upper versus the lower PWV group (p < 0.001). A higher percentage of overweight (23.8% vs 11.2%; p < 0.001) and obese (7.8% vs 3.0%; p < 0.001) participants were in the upper compared to the lower PWV group. In stepwise regression analysis, PWV showed a modest association with waist circumference (β=0.02; p = 0.044) in the upper PWV group only, but not with BMI-z (β=0.02; p = 0.065) and waist/height ratio (β=0.01; p = 0.085). In the lower PWV group, white ethnicity (β=0.07; p < 0.001) and higher age (β=0.02; p≦0.009) were contributors of PWV.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, higher adiposity (BMI-z and waist circumference) increased the odds of being in the upper PWV group, but only waist circumference remained the predictor of increased PWV in independent analysis. These findings suggest that central adiposity especially contributes to the development of increased arterial stiffness in South African school-aged children.
S-43-6: HYPERTENSION FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD: THE BT20+ STUDY
Authors: Kagura Juliana , Meer Romain , Boateng Daniel , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Norris Shane Anthony 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and its prevalence among the Sub-Saharan African population has risen extremely in the last decades. Moreover, there is growing evidence that suggest that hypertension has its roots in childhood and adolescence and persist into adulthood. However, the epidemiology of hypertension in the young in a Low to Middle Income Country (LMIC) setting is not fully understood due to paucity of longitudinal data. Thus, we sought to investigate prevalence and new cases of hypertension and to identify risk factors that predict the incidence of hypertension from early childhood in urban black South-African children.

Methods:
We used data from the Birth to Twenty (BT20+) cohort in Johannesburg, South Africa. This cohort comprised of children born in 1990 and who had their growth, development and blood pressure measured at six follow-up periods over the course of 13 years. Hypertension status was classified using the fourth report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Hypertension incidence rate was calculated using staggered entry survival analysis. We identified risk factors for incident hypertension using multivariable cox proportional hazard regressions.

Results:
Over a follow-up period of 13 years, the overall point prevalence of hypertension ranged from 8.4 to 24.4 % and cumulative incidence of hypertension was 54.3% (95% CI: 51.8 to 56.8). The overall hypertension incidence rate was 57.0 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 53.2 to 61.1). Furthermore, the risk for incident hypertension increased with a rapid relative weight gain in early childhood (aHR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.22), in mid childhood (aHR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.24) and in adolescence (aHR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.47). An increase in maternal parity significantly increased the risk for incident hypertension (aHR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.15).

Conclusion:
Rapid weight gain relative to height and higher parity are prominent risk factors for incident hypertension in urban black South African children and adolescents. In order to reduce the high incidence and the disease burden of hypertension, national health programs should focus on promoting healthy lifestyle in early stages of life to curb rapid weight gain. Further research is required to check whether incident hypertension in childhood predict clinical outcomes in adulthood.
S-44-4: POST-STROKE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ACCELERATES RECOVERY IN MICE VIA THE G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS
Authors: Peh Alex , Dinakis Evany , Mackay Charles R , Broughton Brad RS , Marques Francine Z 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Dietary fibre intake is negatively associated with stroke and overall mortality. A plausible hypothesis is that this happens via the gut microbiota, producing metabolites known as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during fibre fermentation. Indeed, our unpublished data showed that low-fibre (LF) intake worsens stroke outcomes while high-fibre (HF) intake ameliorates it. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether switching from a LF diet pre-stroke to either a HF diet or supplementation with SCFAs post-stroke can improve functional and histological outcomes. We also aimed to determine if this effect is dependent on SCFAs-sensing G-protein coupled receptors GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A.

Design and methods:
Male C57BL/6J mice (8–9 weeks, n = 8/group) were randomized and treated with a LF diet for 4-weeks prior to photothrombotic stroke surgery. Post-stroke, the mice were either fed with LF, HF or SCFAs for 7-days.

Results:
Using MRI, we observed no difference in the infarct volume at day 1 (D1) post-stroke. However, a HF diet and SCFAs supplementation reduced infarct volume at day 7 (D7) (mean brain infarct volume ± SEM; LF:13.52 ± 2.43 mm3 vs HF:7.71 ± 1.12 mm3 vs SCFAs:5.25 ± 1.18 mm3, P = 0.007), and improved brain recovery rate (LF:64.93 ± 2.94% vs HF:78.06 ± 1.98% vs SCFAs:85.05 ± 2.45%, P < 0.001). High-fibre and SCFAs supplementation improved wire-hanging grip strength and coordination at D7, which measures motor function (mean % improvement ± SEM; LF:12.59 ± 2.66% vs HF:69.77 ± 8.44% vs SCFAs:97.42 ± 1.54%, P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence was performed to access gut barrier integrity, immune cell infiltration and neurogenesis in the brain at D7. HF and SCFAs improved gut barrier integrity (ZO-1, P < 0.001). Moreover, SCFAs-treated mice had fewer neutrophils (MPO+, P = 0.017) and more neuroblasts (DCX+/Tuj1+, P < 0.001) in the infarct core, with a positive correlation between DCX+/Tuj1+ and recovery rate post-stroke (R2 = 0.50, P < 0.001).
To identify the receptors by which SCFAs improve stroke recovery, wild-type (WT) and GPR41/43/109a-/- mice (8–9 weeks, n = 8/group) were fed a HF diet pre- and post-stroke. GPR41/43/109a-/- mice showed worse stroke outcomes with larger brain infarct volume at D1 (P = 0.048) and D7 (P = 0.008), and worse recovery rate (P = 0.002). Consistent with this, wire-hanging grip strength was reduced (P < 0.001) at D7. In addition, compared to WT mice, GPR41/43/109a-/- mice had a leaky gut (P < 0.001), more neutrophils (P = 0.007) and very few neuroblasts (P = 0.011) in the infarct core.

Conclusions:
A high-fibre diet, resulting in the production of SCFAs, targets GPR41/43/109a signalling to reduce stroke-induced brain injury and improve functional recovery post-stroke. This improvement is likely to occur via neurogenesis and the suppression of the inflammatory response in the ischaemic brain.