bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton life strategies, phenological shifts and climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1850 to 2100
Authors: Kléparski Loïck , Beaugrand Grégory , Edwards Martin , Ostle Clare 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSignificant phenological shifts induced by climate change are projected within the phytoplankton community. However, projections from current Earth System Models (ESMs) understandably rely on simplified community responses that do not consider evolutionary strategies manifested as various phenotypes and trait groups. Here, we use a species‐based modelling approach, combined with large‐scale plankton observations, to investigate past, contemporary and future phenological shifts in diatoms (grouped by their morphological traits) and dinoflagellates in three key areas of the North Atlantic Ocean (North Sea, North‐East Atlantic and Labrador Sea) from 1850 to 2100. Our study reveals that the three phytoplanktonic groups exhibit coherent and different shifts in phenology and abundance throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. The seasonal duration of large flattened (i.e. oblate) diatoms is predicted to shrink and their abundance to decline, whereas the phenology of slow‐sinking elongated (i.e. prolate) diatoms and of dinoflagellates is expected to expand and their abundance to rise, which may alter carbon export in this important sink region. The increase in prolates and dinoflagellates, two groups currently not considered in ESMs, may alleviate the negative influence of global climate change on oblates, which are responsible of massive peaks of biomass and carbon export in spring. We suggest that including prolates and dinoflagellates in models may improve our understanding of the influence of global climate change on the biological carbon cycle in the oceans.
Extramammary Paget disease of the buccal mucosa in an elderly patient
Authors: Xue Fei , Chen Xinming , Zhang Jiali , Yang Shaodong 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo report a rare case of oral extramammary Paget disease in an elderly patient.BackgroundExtramammary Paget disease is a rare cutaneous malignancy, and oral mucosa involvement is extremely rare.Material and methodThe patient was a 72‐year‐old man with a whitish plaque and areas of erosion on the right buccal mucosa.ResultsAn incisional biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis was extramammary Paget disease.ConclusionBoth clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this disease to avoid misdiagnoses with other oral benign or malignant lesions.
Building, negotiating and sustaining transnational social networks: Narratives of international students’ migration decisions in Canada
Authors: Robinson Oral , Somerville Kara , Walsworth Scott 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInternational student migration (ISM) is one of the fastest growing categories of migrants in Canada. Drawing on the narratives of 30 international students at a Canadian university, this paper investigates international students’ decisions to study overseas and the roles of social networks in shaping mobility. We find that international students negotiate information while embedded in multiple social networks consisting of family, friends, ethnocultural and religious communities, and professional relations in origin and settlement countries. These social networks exceed typical knowledge and connection functions; they act as informal migration agents, providing transnational care and guidance, and ‘do’ family in ways that shape mobility decisions and settlement. The information provided through these networks, however, can be inaccurate or incomplete, requiring the strategic mobilization of new networks to support migration. We conclude that international student mobility relies on building transnational networks to support knowledge transfer, provide care and offer tangible supports. Furthermore, we argue that these fluctuating local and transnational social networks should be more fully recognized in the theorizing of ISM and in strategies implemented for supporting international students.
A review of homemade cosmetics based on a study of 150 blogs and their authors
Authors: Céline Couteau , Nidia Alvarez Rueda , Bérénice Breton , Laurence Coiffard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDo‐it‐yourself methods have been used in many fields (cooking, home improvement, decoration, gardening, etc.) for a long time, but their application to the cosmetics sector is relatively recent and seems to be linked to a number of health scandals. The objective of this work is to analyse homemade cosmetics based on a study of blogs and their authors. We made a study of 150 blogs advocating homemade cosmetics. With only one exception, the blog authors were women, mostly in their thirties, with no specific qualifications or knowledge in the fields of cosmetic formulation or chemistry. The most highly qualified of them (with at least a Master's degree) had studied marketing and management. So, the situation is an illustration of the Dunning‐Kruger effect, with authors believing themselves to be qualified in a field wholly outside their own. This leads to scientific falsehoods about, for example, preservatives like parabens and phenoxyethanol. On the contrary, the relevance of the ecological motivation frequently mentioned in these blogs is undeniable.
CeF3 single crystals for UV‐VIS‐IR optical isolators
Authors: Víllora Encarnación G. , Yuan Dongsheng , Shimamura Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptical isolators (OIs) are needed to protect laser sources from back‐reflections. Driven by the fast‐growing market of laser marking and machinery, and the increasing cost of rare‐earth‐based permanent magnets, single‐crystalline Faraday rotators (FRs) with a large Verdet constant V are highly desired to reduce the cost and size of OIs. Furthermore, the need for finer laser procedures (marking, cutting, welding) is shifting the used laser emissions toward shorter wavelengths: into the visible (VIS), where standard Tb3Ga5O12 (TGG) has a poor transmittance, and even into the ultraviolet (UV), where TGG possesses overlapping Tb 4f‐4f absorption bands. In recent years CeF3 has emerged as a new FR with a unique transmittance and an outstanding V in the UV wavelength region, and a superior figure‐of‐merit in the VIS range compared to TGG. Recently, its small thermal lensing and high damage threshold for high‐power have been demonstrated, exhibiting optical isolation > 30 dB under 600 W @ 1070 nm. This review first summarizes the basic properties and crystal growth of CeF3, then focuses on its Faraday magneto‐optical performance. Last but not the least, the typical crystal defects encountered during the development of CeF3 are discussed.
Effect of femtosecond laser irradiation on structure‐terahertz property relationship in sodium borosilicate glasses
Authors: Tostanoski Nicholas J. , Youngman Randall E. , Sundaram S. K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report the effect of high‐repetition rate femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation on structure‐terahertz (THz) property relationship for sodium borosilicate glasses. We have used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS), and Raman spectroscopy to examine pristine and laser irradiated regions of these glasses to determine and quantify boron speciation, THz refractive index, n(THz), and change (Δn) in n(THz), and spectral, that is, structural, changes due to laser exposure, respectively. Our results suggest that laser irradiation‐induced Δn(THz) values are dependent upon the glass composition, structural units, connectivity, and network, for example, the corresponding K‐ and R‐values of the borosilicate glass. Depolymerized glass networks show no changes in NMR B4 signal, slight changes in Raman spectral changes related to silicate structural units, for example, increase in Q3 tetrahedra with one nonbridging oxygen (nbO) atom, and higher measurable n(THz) and Δn(THz). More polymerized glasses, on the other hand, show changes in NMR B4 signal, varying degrees of Raman spectral changes in the borate subnetwork and structural units, and lower n(THz) and Δn(THz). The THz refractive index is most sensitive to modifier ions in the glasses, which are directly responsible for nbO formation, glass structure, and network polymerization.
Intentional response distortion during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Reichin Sydney L. , Tarantino Danielle M. , Meyer Rustin D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 has abruptly and unexpectedly transformed nearly every aspect of work, including but not limited to increased unemployment rates and uncertainty regarding future job prospects. Response distortion has always been a concern given that many organizations rely on information that is self‐reported by applicants regarding their potential employability (e.g., responses to self‐reported personality instruments, resumes, interview responses). Drawing from the Valence‐Instrumentality‐Expectancy (VIE) theory of motivation, we propose that the uncertainty surrounding jobs may lead to amplified distorted responses on these measures in areas where COVID‐19 was most salient. In a sample of 213 working adults [~50% female, age M = 38.48], the present study shows that increases in response distortion on a measure of conscientiousness were more pronounced as a function of (a) local COVID positivity rates and (b) job type, such that frontline workers distorted their responses the most. Findings are discussed in the context of VIE theory, personality measurement, and challenges with maintaining effective selection procedures.
Nurses' use of pro re nata medication in adult acute mental healthcare settings: An integrative review
Authors: Wong Susanna , Müller Amanda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis integrative review explores the current pro re nata (PRN) medication practice in acute adult mental health settings. PRN medication is commonly used in acute mental health settings but there is lack of evidence of effectiveness of this practice. PRN medications have a number of adverse effects and increase the risk of morbidity in patients with a mental illness. Articles were identified from MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science database. The STROBE critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the quality of evidence, and inductive thematic analysis was used to extract main themes. Five themes regarding prescription practices, poor documentation, reasons to administer, medication misuse, and insufficient use of non‐pharmacological interventions emerged among the 12 eligible articles. The study identified PRN medication practice gaps in adult mental health settings included insufficient documentation practice, underuse of therapeutic non‐pharmacological interventions, and significant variability in PRN medication practice across the mental health professionals due to different levels of knowledge and experience.
3D/2D ZnIn2S4/BiFeO3 as S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for boosted visible‐light hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Dafeng , Zhang Ruiqi , Liu Junchang , Pu Xipeng , Cai Peiqing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic H2 evolution technique has been proved to be one of the promising approaches to overcome the present energy and environmental issues caused by the combustion of fossil fuel. Constructing heterojunction can realize the efficient separation and migration of charges and thus achieve enhanced H2 evolution performance. Herein, we designed and prepared a ZnIn2S4/BiFeO3 heterojunction photocatalyst with a 3D/2D structure via an ultrasonic self‐assembly process. The typical 3D/2D structure with intimate interface was obtained, which not only provided more active sites but also boosted the migration of photogenerated charges. The optimal mass ratio of BiFeO3 in ZnIn2S4/BiFeO3 was determined to be 10%, and a 10.5‐fold increase in H2 evolution rate in comparison with of pure ZnIn2S4 was achieved. Furthermore, the ZnIn2S4/BiFeO3 composite exhibited excellent recyclability and structural stability based on cycling experiment. A S‐scheme heterojunction mechanism was revealed according to the experimental results of photocatalytic H2 evolution and electrochemical tests.
Engineering dislocation‐rich plastic zones in ceramics via room‐temperature scratching
Authors: Fang Xufei , Preuß Oliver , Breckner Patrick , Zhang Jiawen , Lu Wenjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this communication, we demonstrate a simple but powerful method to engineer dislocations into large plastic zones in various single‐crystal ceramic materials via room‐temperature scratching. By using a Brinell indenter with a diameter of 2.5 mm, we successfully produced plastic zones with a width and depth of ∼150 µm in a single scratch track, while the length of the scratch track can be arbitrarily long depending on the sample size. Increasing the number of repetitive scratching cycles increases the dislocation density up to ∼1013 m−2 without visible crack formation. The outlined experimental procedure is showcased on single‐crystal SrTiO3, MgO, ZnS, and CaF2 to demonstrate the general applicability of this technique. In light of the increasing research interest in dislocation‐tuned functional and mechanical properties in ceramics, our method will serve as a simple, fast, and robust technique to pave the road for scaling up the required large plastic zones for dislocation engineering in ceramics.
Characterization of graphite–chromium carbide composites manufactured by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Piñuela‐Noval Juan , Fernández‐González Daniel , Suárez Marta , Díaz Luis Antonio , Verdeja Luis Felipe , Fernández Adolfo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis manuscript contains an investigation about the influence of the chromium content on the properties of novel graphite–chromium composites obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS), with great potential application in heat dissipation. Green compacts of 40 mm in diameter were first obtained by uniaxial pressing at 60 MPa, and then the composite was sintered at 1800°C in SPS under vacuum conditions and a pressure of 30 MPa. These sintering conditions involved local liquid phase, which promoted the densification of the composite up to values close to 90%. Different chromium contents were studied, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, and 10 vol.%, where the best properties (densification, young modulus, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength) were obtained in the case of the composite with 7 vol.% Cr: 86.22%, 52.7 GPa, 0.79 MS/m, 264 W/m K, and 38.97 MPa, respectively, measured in the in‐plane direction due to the anisotropic behavior of the composite.
More to legs than meets the eye: Presence and function of pheromone compounds on heliothine moth legs
Authors: Zweerus Naomi L. , Caton Laura J. , de Jeu Lotte , Groot Astrid T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChemical communication is ubiquitous in nature and chemical signals convey species‐specific messages. Despite their specificity, chemical signals may not be limited to only one function. Identifying alternative functions of chemical signals is key to understanding how chemical communication systems evolve. Here, we explored alternative functions of moth sex pheromone compounds. These chemicals are generally produced in, and emitted from, dedicated sex pheromone glands, but some have recently also been found on the insects' legs. We identified and quantified the chemicals in leg extracts of the three heliothine moth species Chloridea (Heliothis) virescens, Chloridea (Heliothis) subflexa and Helicoverpa armigera, compared their chemical profiles and explored the biological function of pheromone compounds on moth legs. Identical pheromone compounds were present on the legs in both sexes of all three species, with no striking interspecies or intersex differences. Surprisingly, we also found pheromone‐related acetate esters in leg extracts of species that lack acetate esters in their female sex pheromone. When we assessed gene expression levels in the leg tissue, we found known and putative pheromone‐biosynthesis genes expressed, which suggests that moth legs may be additional sites of pheromone production. To determine possible additional roles of the pheromone compounds on legs, we explored whether these may act as oviposition‐deterring signals, which does not seem to be the case. However, when we tested whether these chemicals have antimicrobial properties, we found that two pheromone compounds (16:Ald and 16:OH) reduce bacterial growth. Such an additional function of previously identified pheromone compounds likely coincides with additional selection pressures and, thus, should be considered in scenarios on the evolution of these signals.
Transcriptomic responses of the liver of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) under hypoxic stress
Authors: Ding Weidong , Cao Liping , Cao Zheming , Bing Xuwen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnvironmental hypoxia is becoming more prevalent in aquatic environments of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) aquaculture because of eutrophication and climate change. Little information is available on the molecular mechanisms of the detrimental effects of hypoxia in this species. In this study, the authors assembled a transcriptome for mandarin fish exposed to lower oxygen conditions at different times (24 and 96 h). The antioxidant enzymatic activities of catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and malondialdehyde significantly increased at 6 or 12 h but decreased after reaching a climax during 96 h hypoxia stress. The gene ontology study revealed 27,616 transcripts, whereas the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed 25 linked pathways. Significant changes in the expression of certain genes involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, the calcium signalling system and inositol phosphate metabolism were discovered using the KEGG pathway analysis. In the liver, 97 genes were differentially expressed between the control and experimental groups. The expression level of 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under different hypoxic stress conditions was detected using real‐time PCR and compared to transcriptome sequencing results. The result showed that some genes in the experimental group associated with hypoxic stress, such as hif, ho‐1a, ho‐1b, igfbp1, hsp90α and hsp90 β, were significantly upregulated compared with those in the control group. The large amount of transcriptome data from this research has enlarged the mandarin fish gene and genome bioinformation. The identified DEGs and pathways are useful in further studies of biological responses to hypoxia.
Examining California nursing home profitability and related factors before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Harrington Charlene A. , Hailer Laurie , Mollot Richard J. , Mukamel Dana B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe financial status of nursing homes (NHs) is a policy concern, especially during a pandemic, because of the higher costs associated with infection prevention and resident care.MethodsThis exploratory study was designed to assess the impact of the federal and state COVID‐19 funding support on California NHs profitability during 2020, the first year of the pandemic, compared with 2019, the last pre‐pandemic year. The study examined the association of Medicare and Medicaid days, related‐party transactions, as well as other facility characteristics on net income profit margins, using cross‐sectional regression analysis of data from state NH cost reports and federal NH provider data for 2019 and 2020.ResultsCalifornia skilled NHs had average reported net income profit margins of 2.26% in 2019 and 7.0% in 2020 with wide variations (from a loss of about 48% to a gain of 74% in 2020). Regression analysis found that the number of beds, occupancy rates, high‐quality rating scores, and medium and high proportions of Medicare resident days were positively associated with net income margins in 2019 and 2020. Chains in 2020 (but not 2019), related‐party expenditures in 2019 and 2020, median Medicaid days (in 2019), high Medicaid resident days (71%–73% or higher) in 2019 and 2020, and medium and high managed care resident days were negatively associated with net income margins in both years.ConclusionsAlthough NH admissions and occupancy rates declined substantially between 2019 and 2020, some (but not all) California NHs had a substantial increase in profit margins in 2020 over 2019. More studies of nursing home financial patterns and profitability are needed to examine trends over time and variations across states.
Screening for Heat Related Illness in Pregnant People: Sample Case Study for Clinician Education
Authors: Atkin Kathryn , Bernhardt Jean M. , Olayinka Oluwatomisin , Simmonds Katherine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate change has significant implications for pregnant people. The Heat‐Related Illness Screening Tool was developed by faculty in the nurse‐led Center for Climate Change, Climate Justice, and Health at the MGH Institute of Health Professions. In an effort to integrate content on the health effects of climate change on pregnant people, faculty in the Women's Health/Gender‐Related Nurse Practitioner program in the School of Nursing developed a case study that incorporated heat and environmental exposures in pregnancy into an existing module on preterm birth. The case study aims to increase awareness about the intersections between climate change, social determinants of health, structural racism, and potential adverse pregnancy outcomes. Together this case study and screening tool for heat‐related illness represent innovations for health professions educators and clinicians to detect intensifying risks to already vulnerable people who are pregnant.
Thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae: Quantitative differentiation and associated numeric variation in the vertebral column using skeletal remains
Authors: Poolman Anneli M. , Wessels Quenton , Schoor Albert Van , Keough Natalie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransitional vertebrae at the thoracolumbar region are called thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae (TLTV) and retain physical features from the thoracic and lumbar regions. Since TLTV were first classified 40 years ago, there has been much discrepancy regarding its features, identification and clinical relevance. Vertebral body levels are used in the medical field as a frame of reference to locate specific organs, vessels, nerves or landmarks. Any numeric variation or deviation in the vertebral column may lead to clinical errors. Previous findings have suggested a high association between numeric variation and the presence of TLTV. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the types of TLTV observed and to identify any possible associated numeric variation in the vertebral column. This study also aimed to validate the established technique to quantitatively differentiate TLTV from T12 and L1 at the thoracolumbar junction using skeletal remains from a South African population group. Skeletal remains (n = 187) remains from the Pretoria bone collection were assessed. Measurements were taken of the angle of the superior zygapophyseal processes of the last thoracic vertebra (T12), the first lumbar (L1), and identified TLTV. The results indicate a TLTV prevalence of 35% (n = 66/187). The results show that each vertebral type (T12, L1, TLTV) fall into independent confidence intervals: T12 is 188° ± 9.22 (CI: 187° < μ < 189.6°), 110° ± 7.52 (CI: 109.2° < μ < 111.3°) in L1, and 135° ± 24.51 (CI: 130.4° < μ < 139.1°) in the TLTV. This study observed that 70% of cases with TLTV was associated with numeric variation in the spine, both homeotic and meristic and that TLTV has a 35% prevalence. The results clearly show that quantitative morphometric analysis can effectively differentiate TLTV from other vertebral types at the thoracolumbar junction in skeletal remains.