bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Moderating Role of Gender Between Job Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment in Ghanaian Colleges of Education
Authors: Ampomah Robert , Mensah Francis Owusu 
Published: July 2023

In an era where governments and organisations dedicated to improving education worldwide are concerned about quality teacher education and dominate the national discourse, it is crucial to emphasise teacher quality, gender parity, satisfaction, and commitment. This article examines the role of gender as a moderator between tutor job satisfaction and organisational commitment in Ghanaian Colleges of Education. A research hypothesis was formulated with a cross-sectional survey to guide the study. A sample of 319 tutors was used. Multivariate multiple regression, SEM and Process Analysis were used to test the hypothesis. The study revealed that gender was a significant moderator between job satisfaction and organisational commitment of tutors in Ghana. As a result of this, it was recommended that the governing council focus on factors affecting the extrinsic and intrinsic motivations (job satisfaction) of their tutors so that stronger commitment and greater loyalty may be demonstrated by the tutors.
Autoencoding Galaxy Spectra. II. Redshift Invariance and Outlier Detection
Authors: Liang Yan , Melchior Peter , Lu Sicong , Goulding Andy , Ward Charlotte 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present an unsupervised outlier detection method for galaxy spectra based on the spectrum autoencoder architecture spender, which reliably captures spectral features and provides highly realistic reconstructions for SDSS galaxy spectra. We interpret the sample density in the autoencoder latent space as a probability distribution, and identify outliers as low-probability objects with a normalizing flow. However, we found that the latent-space position is not, as expected from the architecture, redshift invariant, which introduces stochasticity into the latent space and the outlier detection method. We solve this problem by adding two novel loss terms during training, which explicitly link latent-space distances to data-space distances, preserving locality in the autoencoding process. Minimizing the additional losses leads to a redshift-invariant, nondegenerate latent-space distribution with clear separations between common and anomalous data. We inspect the spectra with the lowest probability and find them to include blends with foreground stars, extremely reddened galaxies, galaxy pairs and triples, and stars that are misclassified as galaxies. We release the newly trained spender model and the latent-space probability for the entire SDSS-I galaxy sample to aid further investigations.
The Variable Detection of Atmospheric Escape around the Young, Hot Neptune AU Mic b
Authors: Rockcliffe Keighley E. , Newton Elisabeth R. , Youngblood Allison , Duvvuri Girish M. , Plavchan Peter , Gao Peter , Mann Andrew W. , Lowrance Patrick J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Photoevaporation is a potential explanation for several features within exoplanet demographics. Atmospheric escape observed in young Neptune-sized exoplanets can provide insight into and characterize which mechanisms drive this evolution and at what times they dominate. AU Mic b is one such exoplanet, slightly larger than Neptune (4.19 R
⊕). It closely orbits a 23 Myr pre-main-sequence M dwarf with an orbital period of 8.46 days. We obtained two visits of AU Mic b at Lyα with Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. One flare within the first HST visit is characterized and removed from our search for a planetary transit. We present a nondetection in our first visit, followed by the detection of escaping neutral hydrogen ahead of the planet in our second visit. The outflow absorbed ∼30% of the star’s Lyα blue wing 2.5 hr before the planet’s white-light transit. We estimate that the highest-velocity escaping material has a column density of 1013.96 cm−2 and is moving 61.26 km s−1 away from the host star. AU Mic b’s large high-energy irradiation could photoionize its escaping neutral hydrogen in 44 minutes, rendering it temporarily unobservable. Our time-variable Lyα transit ahead of AU Mic b could also be explained by an intermediate stellar wind strength from AU Mic that shapes the escaping material into a leading tail. Future Lyα observations of this system will confirm and characterize the unique variable nature of its Lyα transit, which, combined with modeling, will tune the importance of stellar wind and photoionization.
Substructures in Compact Disks of the Taurus Star-forming Region
Authors: Zhang Shangjia , Kalscheur Matt , Long Feng , Zhang Ke , Long Deryl E. , Bergin Edwin A. , Zhu Zhaohuan , Trapman Leon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Observations of substructure in protoplanetary disks have largely been limited to the brightest and largest disks, excluding the abundant population of compact disks, which are likely sites of planet formation. Here, we reanalyze ∼0.″1, 1.33 mm Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) continuum observations of 12 compact protoplanetary disks in the Taurus star-forming region. By fitting visibilities directly, we identify substructures in six of the 12 compact disks. We then compare the substructures identified in the full Taurus sample of 24 disks in single-star systems and the ALMA DSHARP survey, differentiating between compact (R
eff,90% < 50 au) and extended (R
eff,90% ≥50 au) disk sources. We find that substructures are detected at nearly all radii in both small and large disks. Tentatively, we find fewer wide gaps in intermediate-sized disks with R
eff,90% between 30 and 90 au. We perform a series of planet–disk interaction simulations to constrain the sensitivity of our visibility-fitting approach. Under the assumption of planet–disk interaction, we use the gap widths and common disk parameters to calculate potential planet masses within the Taurus sample. We find that the young planet occurrence rate peaks near Neptune masses, similar to the DSHARP sample. For 0.01 M
J/M
⊙ ≲M
p/M
* ≲0.1 M
J/M
⊙, the rate is 17.4% ± 8.3%; for 0.1 M
J/M
⊙ ≲M
p/M
* ≲1 M
J/M
⊙, it is 27.8% ± 8.3%. Both of them are consistent with microlensing surveys. For gas giants more massive than 5 M
J, the occurrence rate is 4.2% ± 4.2%, consistent with direct imaging surveys.
FAST Search for Circumstellar Atomic Hydrogen. II. Is BD+30°3639 an Interacting Planetary Nebula?
Authors: Ouyang Xu-Jia , Zhang Yong , Zijlstra Albert , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Nakashima Jun-ichi , Parker Quentin A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The young, compact, very high surface brightness but low excitation planetary nebula (PN) BD+30°3639 is one of the very few PNe that have been reported to exhibit the 21 cm H i emission line. As part of a long-term program to search for circumstellar atomic hydrogen, we observed the 21 cm feature toward BD+30°3639 with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Assuming a direct association between the PN and the detected H i emission, these new observations show that this surrounding emission is significantly more spatially extended than indicated by previous interferometric observations and can be resolved into two velocity components. The estimated H i mass is larger than 100 M
⊙, invalidating an origin from the host star itself or its ejecta for the emitting material. We discuss the possibility that the extended H i emission stems from the interstellar medium (ISM) swept out over time by the stellar wind. Moreover, we report tentative detections of H i absorption features lying near and blueward of the systemic velocity of this PN, which are probably from a stalled asterosphere at the outer boundary of the expanding ionized region. The mass of the gas producing the H i absorption is insufficient to solve the so-called “PN missing mass problem.” We demonstrate the capability of FAST to investigate the interaction process between a PN and the surrounding ISM.
The Radio Parallax of the Crab Pulsar: A First VLBI Measurement Calibrated with Giant Pulses
Authors: Lin Rebecca , van Kerkwijk Marten H. , Kirsten Franz , Pen Ue-Li , Deller Adam T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We use four observations with the European very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) network to measure the first precise radio parallax of the Crab Pulsar. We found two in-beam extragalactic sources just outside the Crab Nebula, with one bright enough to use as a background reference source in our data. We use the Crab Pulsar’s giant pulses to determine fringe and bandpass calibration solutions, which greatly improved the sensitivity and reliability of our images and allowed us to determine precise positional offsets between the pulsar and the background source. From those offsets, we determine a parallax of π = 0.53 ± 0.06 mas and proper motion of (μ

α
, μ

δ
) = (−11.34 ± 0.06, 2.65 ± 0.14) mas yr−1, yielding a distance of

d
=

1.90

−
0.18

+
0.22

kpc

and transverse velocity of

v

⊥

=

104

−
11

+
13

km

s

−
1

. These results are consistent with the Gaia 3 measurements, and open up the possibility of far more accurate astrometry with further VLBI observations.
Electron Signal Induced by GRB 221009A on Charged Particle Telescopes of POES and MetOp Satellites
Authors: Vitale V. , Neubüser C. , Battiston R. , Follega F. M. , Burger W. J. , Babu M. , Conti L. , Cristoforetti M. , D’Angelo G. , Fidani C. , D’Arcangelo S. , Martucci M. , Mergè M. , Oliva A. , Orlando M. , Parmentier A. , Piersanti M. , Recchiuti D. , Sahnoun Z. , Sparvoli R. , Iuppa R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
GRB 221009A is a long gamma-ray burst among the most energetic and nearest (z = 0.151) detected so far. The energy fluence of the burst was so large to cause ionization of the upper layers of Earth’s atmosphere and also observable signals in satellite-borne particle detectors. Electron signals, with the same GRB time development, can arise from the interaction of energetic photons with the particle detector and support structures. This effect was previously reported for the HEPP-L on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite. We searched for the same effect on the particle detectors on board five POES and MetOp satellites. Electron signals in coincidence with the gamma-ray emission of the burst were found in three satellites, which were well illuminated by the GRB. The properties of the found electron signals are reported and discussed.
An Overview of the French eDNA Data Landscape: Focus on a national technical repository of reference genetic sequences
Authors: Lacoeuilhe Aurélie , Pamerlon Sophie , Archambeau Anne-Sophie , Denys Gael , Le Bras Yvan , Norvez Olivier 
Published: July 2023

Environmental DNA (eDNA) data enables biodiversity to be monitored at unprecedented resolution and scale. There is great potential in combining knowledge from traditional and innovative methods such as eDNA for biodiversity assessment. eDNA use cases are increasing in aquatic and marine environments, and studies on soils have been developed in recent years.
PatriNat*1 (under the guardianship of the French Biodiversity Office (OFB), National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), and Research Institute for Development (IRD)) is a French data and expertise center working with environmental and research stakeholders to develop data exchanges at all levels. We discuss what eDNA data is (Fig. 1), the different types of data, and the importance of their storage and accessibility.
As the amount of eDNA data increases, public agencies need to propose FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) tools and methods to facilitate their use and foster the development of relevant scientific expertise. We give an overview of the French eDNA data landscape and links with existing standards SINP*2 (National Heritage Inventory Information System), Darwin Core*3(Wieczorek et al. 2012) and workflows (Fig. 2).
A priority of eDNA data is to have reliable reference bases and FAIR metadata. PatriNat's new tool will provide access to expertly validated genetic sequence data on species present in France, and is urgently needed for research but also knowledge, monitoring, public policies, and potential law enforcement purposes. We therefore present this technical database built in conjunction with, among other initiatives, DiSSCo*4, iBOL*5 and TaxRef*6 (Gargominy et al. 2022).
It will manage 3 data types:

Intrinsic sequence data (marker, sequencing methods, etc.).

Sequence management (organization, identifiers, URLs, etc.).

Voucher data

Intrinsic sequence data (marker, sequencing methods, etc.).
Sequence management (organization, identifiers, URLs, etc.).
Voucher data
It will use the nomenclature of Chakrabarty et al. (2013) as well as:

The Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN) standard*7 (Droege et al. 2016)

The Minimum information about any sequence (MIxS) standard (Yilmaz et al. 2011)

The Biological Collection Data (ABCD) standard*8 (Holetschek et al. 2012)

The Collections Descriptions terms*9 (Woodburn et al. 2021)

The Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN) standard*7 (Droege et al. 2016)
The Minimum information about any sequence (MIxS) standard (Yilmaz et al. 2011)
The Biological Collection Data (ABCD) standard*8 (Holetschek et al. 2012)
The Collections Descriptions terms*9 (Woodburn et al. 2021)
The DwC DNA extension*10 can be used for sharing parts of its contents to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, but referencing sequences associated with specimens/vouchers will require other standards.
Nanoemulsions as medicinal components in insoluble medicines
Authors: Al-Hussaniy Hany A. , Аlmajidi Yasir Q. , Oraibi Amjad I. , Alkarawi Abdulwahhab Нameed 
Published: July 2023

Background: Medicine’s success relies on solubility, which is the process of dissolving a solid substance in a fluid phase to create a uniform molecular dispersion. However, hydrophobic active medicinal components exhibit poor solubility in water, limiting their effectiveness and incorporation into medications.
Aim: This review explores the potential of nanoemulsions as a solution for delivering hydrophobic medicinal components with low solubility. The study investigates the benefits of nanoemulsions, including enhanced absorption, effective targeting, controlled release, and protection of encapsulated bioactive ingredients.
Materials and methods: Nanoemulsions are formulated by combining two immiscible liquids with emulsifying agents within a thermodynamically stable colloidal dispersion system. The review categorizes various preparation techniques into high-energy and low-energy spontaneous emulsification methods. The choice of preparation procedures and materials used significantly affects the stability of nanoemulsions over time. Evaluation of nanoemulsions includes studying medication release in vitro, in vitro permeation, stability and thermodynamic stability, shelf life, viscosity, interfacial tension, pH, and osmolarity.
Results: Nanoemulsions, such as Celecoxib (Phase Inversion), acetylsalicylic acid (Ultrasonication), and Flurbiprofen (Homogenization and Ultrasonication), offer distinct advantages for medications with low solubility compared to conventional emulsions. These nanoemulsions comprise small droplets with a larger surface area, promoting enhanced absorption. They demonstrate effective targeting, controlled release, and protection of encapsulated bioactive ingredients. Moreover, the diminutive droplet sizes of nanoemulsions contribute to their reduced susceptibility to issues like flocculation, coalescence, sedimentation, or creaming.
Conclusion: Nanoemulsions hold great promise in overcoming the solubility limitations of hydrophobic medicinal components. They provide enhanced absorption, effective targeting, controlled release, and protection of bioactive ingredients. The choice of preparation techniques and materials plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability of nanoemulsions over time. Further studies are warranted to optimize their use and explore their potential applications in drug delivery systems.
The Effect of Half Percent Oxymetazoline Nasal Drops on Post-Tonsillectomy Cough, Sore Throat and Bleeding in Children; a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Masoudifar Mehrdad , Rezaeian Ahmad , Mosharaf Sheida 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Considering the high prevalence of tonsillectomy in children and concerns of postoperative management, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of oxymetazoline on bleeding, cough, and sore throat in children undergoing tonsillectomy.

Materials and Methods:
The current double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 88 tonsillectomy candidate patients. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, oxymetazoline 0.05% nasal spray (OXY group) and in the second group, distilled water spray (Control group) was prescribed as one puff in each nostril immediately after anesthesia induction., the nasal spray was prescribed again in both nostrils at 12 h after tonsillectomy. Then the hemodynamic parameters, post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) and sore throat were evaluated.

Results:
The mean of the sore throat of children was not significantly different between the two groups in any of the follow-up times (P value >0.05). PTH in recovery and in the ward in the OXY group with the mean of 57.60 ± 71.82 ml and 22.11 ± 22.50 ml, respectively, was significantly lower than the control group (83.50 ± 113.64 ml and 27.52 ± 35.11 ml) (P value < 0.05). Also, the frequency of cough in the ward in the OXY group with 27.3% was significantly lower than the control group with 56.8% (P value = 0.005).

Conclusion:
Regarding the results of the present study, sore throat and hemodynamic parameters did not change significantly with the administration of oxymetazoline. But this drug has played a significant role in reducing PTH and cough in children.
Comparison of Blood Lead Levels in Children and Adolescents with and Without Functional Abdominal Pain
Authors: Famouri Fatemeh , Yazdi Maryam , Feizii Awat , Saneian Hossein , Nasri Peiman , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Functional abdominal pain is a health concern with chronic abdominal discomfort without clear etiology. Several etiologic factors are raised in this regard, one related to environmental factors. This study aimed to compare blood lead levels between children and adolescents with and without functional abdominal pain.

Materials and Methods:
This case–control study was performed in 2019–2020 in Isfahan, Iran. The sample size was calculated as 70 cases and an equal number of controls. Cases were children and adolescents with functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), and controls were grouped age- and sex-matched. Controls were randomly selected from those referred for routine health screening. Both groups obtained blood lead, iron, and calcium levels. All participants completed the FFQ Food Consumption and Environmental Pollutants Questionnaire.

Results:
Participants were 139 children (68 cases and 71 controls). The mean (SD) age was 9.40 (3.91) years in the FGID group and 8.79 (3.46) years in the controls (P = 0.330). The mean (SD) blood lead level was not significantly different between the FGID group and the controls (3.98 ± 2.56 vs 3.81 ± 1.96 μg/dl, respectively, P = 0.670). We found that 55.3% of children with high lead levels had FGID, while 44.4% of children with lower lead levels had FGID, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.33).

Conclusion:
We found that the lead level was higher in patients with FGID than in the controls; however, this difference was not significantly different. This might be because of elevated lead levels in both groups. Future ecological studies with a large sample size are necessary in this regard.
Toxocara Infection in Dogs and Cats in Isfahan Province of Iran in 2021
Authors: Pourshahbazi Gholamreza , Khanahmad Hossein , Khadivi Reza , Yousefi Hossein A. , Mobarakeh Somayeh , Boldaji Fatemeh Hossini , Darani Hossein Yousefi 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Toxocariasis is an acute or chronic disease caused by parasites of the Ascaridae family, especially Toxocara of dogs and cats. Eggs are excreted out by feces of these animals on soil. Infective eggs develop on soil which can be infective to human. In this study, infection rate of Toxocara spp. in dogs and cats of urban and rural areas of Isfahan province of Iran has been investigated.

Materials and Methods:
Three hundred and seventy-five stray dog feces and 230 stray cat feces were collected from the public environment (slaughterhouses, parks, children's playgrounds, student dormitories, university environment, streets and squares) in Isfahan province of Iran. At first, dogs' and cats' feces were examined for the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs using formalin ether method. In the second stage, by using molecular methods, Toxocara eggs spp. (Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati) were identified.

Results:
From 375 dog fecal samples, 39 (10.40%) and from 230 cat fecal samples, 38 (16.52%) were positive for presence of the Toxocara eggs.

Conclusion:
Dogs and cats in Isfahan province of Iran were infected with Toxocara parasite. These infections can be potential risk for human toxocariasis.
Inhibitory potential of Phaseolus lunatus L. Seeds to Digestive Enzymes
Authors: Mehreen Zaheer  , Anum Kalim  , Shah Ali Ul Qadar  , Ahmed Salman , Muhammad Mohtasheem Ul Hasan  
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Study was taken with an objective to investigate the inhibitory effect of Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract on three enzymes (α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase) which are involved in diabetes. The disadvantages related with the use of synthetic drugs make it necessary to search for alternative drugs from medicinal plants. One therapeutic approach for the treatment of postprandial hyperglycaemia is to decrease the plasma glucose level which can be attained by lowering the starch hydrolysis by digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase. The use of synthetic antidiabetic agents caused gastrointestinal side effects. Methods: Hence, the research was aimed to evaluate the potential of Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract to inhibit α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase as a possible mechanism of hypoglycemia caused by this plant with less side effects. Phaseolus lunatus, also known as Lima bean, is native to Tropical America and are grown throughout the world. Lima bean has been prescribed traditionally to treat different diseases including diabetes. Result: The results of the present study showed that Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract have exerted both time and concentration dependent significant inhibitory effect on these digestive enzymes which might be due to cumulative effect of phytoconstituents present in the plant extract. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that the part of mechanisms by which Phaseolus lunatus exhibited its antidiabetic activity might be through the inhibition of these digestive enzyme.