bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential role of pumpkin seeds oil on methotrexate-induced lung toxicity
Authors: Abosrea Aya M. , Aboul Ezz Heba S. , Mahmoud Sahar M. , Mousa Mohamed R. , Ahmed Nawal A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany chemotherapeutic drugs cause adverse pulmonary reactions leading to severe pulmonary disease. Though methotrexate (MTX) is used for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, it is highly toxic with multiple adverse effects including pulmonary toxicity. Essential oils represent an open frontier for pharmaceutical sciences due to their wide range of pharmacological properties. Pumpkin seeds oil (PSO) was used to investigate its ability to alleviate methotrexate-induced lung toxicity in rats. Lung tissue from MTX-treated group revealed a decrease in malondialdehyde, glutathione, and nitric oxide accompanied by a marked inhibition in cholinesterase activity, and enhanced catalase activity, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Analysis of PSO revealed that the oil was rich in hexadecanoic acid, decane methyl esters, squalene, polydecane, docosane, and other derivatives. Administration of PSO ameliorated the oxidant/antioxidant and proinflammatory changes induced by MTX in the lung tissue. Histological examinations confirmed the potency of PSO in reducing the histopathological alterations induced by MTX. Immunohistochemical analysis showed decreased nuclear factor-kappa B and caspase 3 expression after PSO. The present data indicated the protective efficiency of PSO against MTX-induced lung injury by decreasing oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis and could thus be recommended as an adjuvant therapy.
A monopole antenna with cotton fabric material for wearable applications
Authors: Ayd R. Saad Ayman , Hassan Walaa M. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA monopole antenna operated at 2.45 GHz and embedded with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for wearable communication systems is investigated in this article. The proposed antenna is composed of a metalized loop radiator with a coplanar waveguide microstrip feedline which is affixed on a cotton fabric material substrate. As well, a cotton-based AMC surface is utilized to eliminate the body’s absorbed radiation and enhance the gain of the antenna. It is composed of 5 × 5 array unit cells etched with I-shaped slots. Using this configuration, simulations show that the specific absorption rate (SAR) level was significantly reduced. Considering flat and rounded body parts, it was found that the SAR values averaged over 10 g at a distance of 1 mm away from the tissues model were only 0.18 W/kg and 0.371 W/kg, respectively. Additionally, the antenna gain was improved up to 7.2 dBi with an average radiation efficiency of 72%. Detailed analysis with experimental measurements of the cotton-based antenna for different operation scenarios is introduced. The measured data show a good correlation with the electromagnetic simulation results.
In vitro and in vivo susceptibility to sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from Brazilian free wild birds
Authors: de Lima Bessa Gabriella , Vitor Ricardo Wagner de Almeida , Lobo Luana Margarida Sabino , Rêgo Wagner Martins Fontes , de Souza Gabriela Carolina Alves , Lopes Rosálida Estevam Nazar , Costa Júlia Gatti Ladeia , Martins-Duarte Erica S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the existence of drug-resistantToxoplasma gondiistrains and their possible impact on clinic outcomes. To expand our knowledge about the existence of natural variations on drug susceptibility ofT. gondiistrains in Brazil, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo susceptibility to sulfadiazine (SDZ) and pyrimethamine (PYR) of three atypical strains (Wild2, Wild3, and Wild4) isolated from free-living wild birds. In vitro susceptibility assay showed that the three strains were equally susceptible to SDZ and PYR but variations in the susceptibility were observed to SDZ plus PYR treatment. Variations in the proliferation rates in vitro and spontaneous conversion to bradyzoites were also accessed for all strains. Wild2 showed a lower cystogenesis capacity compared to Wild3 and Wild4. The in vivo analysis showed that while Wild3 was highly susceptible to all SDZ and PYR doses, and their combination, Wild2 and Wild4 showed low susceptibility to the lower doses of SDZ or PYR. Interestingly, Wild2 presented low susceptibility to the higher doses of SDZ, PYR and their combination. Our results suggest that the variability in treatment response byT. gondiiisolates could possibly be related not only to drug resistance but also to the strain cystogenesis capacity.
Association of cerebellar and pre-motor cortex gray matter density with subjective intoxication and subjective response following acute alcohol intake
Authors: Stennett-Blackmon Bethany A. , Sevel Landrew , Boissoneault Jeff 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcute alcohol intake produces subjective intoxication (SI) and response (SR; e.g., valanced stimulation and sedation), which has important implications for alcohol-related risk. Individuals who experience less SI may be more likely to engage in risky behaviors while drinking. Gray matter morphometry in brain regions underlying cognitive and affective processes may help to inform individual differences in subjective intoxication and response. The subjective effects of alcohol vary between limbs of the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) curve (i.e., whether BAC is rising or falling; acute tolerance). We examined the relationship between gray matter density (GMD) and SI/SR as a function of BAC limb. Healthy social drinkers (N = 89; 55 women) completed an alcohol challenge paradigm (target BAC = 0.08 g/dL) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants completed measures of SR and SI on ascending and descending BAC limbs. Association between GMD and SI/SR on each limb were assessed using whole-brain, voxel-wise general linear models. GMD estimates were extracted from significant clusters. Differences in association of GMD and SI/SR between limbs were assessed using hierarchical regression. Significant associations of SI with GMD on the ascending limb were observed in the cerebellum. A significant association between SR and GMD on the descending limb were observed in the pre-motor cortex (BA6) and cerebellum. We identified common and unique associations among cerebellum and pre-central gyrus structures with SI and SR between BAC limbs. Functional imaging studies may further clarify unique dimensions of subjective alcohol effects linked to the observed structural associations.
Female scent accelerates growth of juvenile male mice
Authors: Zala Sarah M. , Church Brian , Potts Wayne K. , Knauer Felix , Penn Dustin J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExposing female house mice (Mus musculus) to male urinary scent accelerates their sexual development (Vandenbergh effect). Here, we tested whether exposing juvenile male mice to females’ urine similarly influences male growth and size of their sexual organs. We exposed three-week old male house mice to female urine or water (control) for ca. three months. We found that female-exposed males grew significantly faster and gained more body mass than controls, despite all males being reared on a controlled diet, but we detected no differences in males' muscle mass or sexual organs. In contrast, exposing juvenile males to male urine had no effect their growth. We tested whether the males' accelerated growth imposed functional trade-offs on males' immune resistance to an experimental infection. We challenged the same male subjects with an avirulent bacterial pathogen (Salmonella enterica), but found no evidence that faster growth impacted their bacterial clearance, body mass or survival during infection compared to controls. Our results provide the first evidence to our knowledge that juvenile male mice accelerate their growth when exposed to the urine of adult females, though we found no evidence that increased growth had negative trade-offs on immune resistance to infectious disease.
Metabolic profiles of lung adenocarcinoma via peripheral blood and diagnostic model construction
Authors: Kim Kyung Soo , Moon Seok Whan , Moon Mi Hyung , Hyun Kwan Yong , Kim Seung Joon , Kim Young Koon , Kim Kwang Youl , Jekarl Dong Wook , Oh Eun-Jee , Kim Yonggoo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe metabolic profile of cancerous cells is shifted to meet the cellular demand required for proliferation and growth. Here we show the features of cancer metabolic profiles using peripheral blood of healthy control subjects (n = 78) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients (n = 64). Among 121 detected metabolites, diagnosis of LUAD is based on arginine, lysophosphatidylcholine-acyl (Lyso.PC.a) C16:0, and PC-diacyl (PC.aa) C38:3. Network analysis revealed that network heterogeneity, diameter, and shortest path were decreased in LUAD. On the contrary, these parameters were increased in advanced-stage compared to early-stage LUAD. Clustering coefficient, network density, and average degree were increased in LUAD compared to the healthy control, whereas these topologic parameters were decreased in advanced-stage compared to early-stage LUAD. Public LUAD data verified that the genes encoding enzymes for arginine (NOS, ARG, AZIN) and for Lyso.PC and PC (CHK, PCYT, LPCAT) were related with overall survival. Further studies are required to verify these results with larger samples and other histologic types of lung cancer.
Effects of rIL2/anti-IL2 antibody complex on chikungunya virus-induced chronic arthritis in a mouse model
Authors: Tritsch Sarah R. , Porzucek Abigail J. , Schwartz Arnold M. , Proctor Abigale M. , Amdur Richard L. , Latham Patricia S. , Simon Gary L. , Mores Christopher N. , Chang Aileen Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is characterized by disabling joint pain that can cause persistent arthritis in approximately one-fourth of patients. Currently, no standard treatments are available for chronic CHIKV arthritis. Our preliminary data suggest that decreases in interleukin-2 (IL2) levels and regulatory T cell (Treg) function may play a role in CHIKV arthritis pathogenesis. Low-dose IL2-based therapies for autoimmune diseases have been shown to up-regulate Tregs, and complexing IL2 with anti-IL2 antibodies can prolong the half-life of IL2. A mouse model for post-CHIKV arthritis was used to test the effects of recombinant IL2 (rIL2), an anti-IL2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), and the complex on tarsal joint inflammation, peripheral IL2 levels, Tregs, CD4 + effector T cells (Teff), and histological disease scoring. The complex treatment resulted in the highest levels of IL2 and Tregs, but also increased Teffs, and therefore did not significantly reduce inflammation or disease scores. However, the antibody group, which had moderately increased levels of IL2 and activated Tregs, resulted in a decreased average disease score. These results suggest the rIL2/anti-IL2 complex stimulates both Tregs and Teffs in post-CHIKV arthritis, while the anti-IL2 mAb increases IL2 availability enough to shift the immune environment towards a tolerogenic one.
Evaluation of remote digital postoperative wound monitoring in routine surgical practice
Authors: McLean Kenneth A. , Sgrò Alessandro , Brown Leo R. , Buijs Louis F. , Daines Luke , Potter Mark A. , Bouamrane Matt-Mouley , Harrison Ewen M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRemote digital postoperative wound monitoring provides an opportunity to strengthen postoperative community care and minimise the burden of surgical-site infection (SSI). This study aimed to pilot a remote digital postoperative wound monitoring service and evaluate the readiness for implementation in routine clinical practice. This was a single-arm pilot implementational study of remote digital postoperative wound monitoring across two tertiary care hospitals in the UK (IDEAL stage 2b, clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05069103). Adults undergoing abdominal surgery were recruited and received a smartphone-delivered wound assessment tool for 30-days postoperatively. Patients received 30-day postoperative follow-up, including the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). A thematic mixed-methods approach was used, according to the WHO framework for monitoring and evaluating digital health interventions. 200 patients were enroled, of whom 115 (57.5%) underwent emergency surgical procedures. Overall, the 30-day SSI rate was 16.5% (n = 33/200), with 72.7% (n = 24) diagnosed post-discharge. Usage of the intervention was 83.0% (n = 166/200), with subsequently 74.1% (n = 123/166) TUQ completion. There were no issues reported with feasibility of the technology, with the reliability (3.87, 95% CI: 3.73–4.00) and quality of the interface rated highly (4.18, 95%: 4.06–4.30). Patient acceptance was similarly high with regards to ease of use (4.51, 95% CI: 4.41–4.62), satisfaction (4.27, 95% CI: 4.13–4.41), and usefulness (4.07, 95% CI: 3.92–4.23). Despite the desire for more frequent and personalised interactions, the majority viewed the intervention as providing meaningful benefit over routine postoperative care. Remote digital postoperative wound monitoring successfully demonstrated readiness for implementation with regards to the technology, usability, and healthcare process improvement.
Distinct activation mechanisms regulate subtype selectivity of Cannabinoid receptors
Authors: Dutta Soumajit , Shukla Diwakar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDesign of cannabinergic subtype selective ligands is challenging because of high sequence and structural similarities of cannabinoid receptors (CB1and CB2). We hypothesize that the subtype selectivity of designed selective ligands can be explained by the ligand binding to the conformationally distinct states between cannabinoid receptors. Analysis of ~ 700 μs of unbiased simulations using Markov state models and VAMPnets identifies the similarities and distinctions between the activation mechanism of both receptors. Structural and dynamic comparisons of metastable intermediate states allow us to observe the distinction in the binding pocket volume change during CB1and CB2activation. Docking analysis reveals that only a few of the intermediate metastable states of CB1show high affinity towards CB2selective agonists. In contrast, all the CB2metastable states show a similar affinity for these agonists. These results mechanistically explain the subtype selectivity of these agonists by deciphering the activation mechanism of cannabinoid receptors.
A Southern Ocean supergyre as a unifying dynamical framework identified by physics-informed machine learning
Authors: Sonnewald Maike , Reeve Krissy Anne , Lguensat Redouane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Southern Ocean closes the global overturning circulation and is key to the regulation of carbon, heat, biological production, and sea level. However, the dynamics of the general circulation and upwelling pathways remain poorly understood. Here, a physics-informed unsupervised machine learning framework using principled constraints is used. A unifying framework is proposed invoking a semi-circumpolar supergyre south of the Antarctic circumpolar current: a massive series of leaking sub-gyres spanning the Weddell and Ross seas that are connected and maintained via rough topography that acts as scaffolding. The supergyre framework challenges the conventional view of having separate circulation structures in the Weddell and Ross seas and suggests that idealized models and zonally-averaged frameworks may be of limited utility for climate applications. Machine learning was used to reveal areas of coherent driving forces within a vorticity-based analysis. Predictions from the supergyre framework are supported by available observations and could aid observational and modelling efforts to study this climatologically key region undergoing rapid change.
DNA-caged nanoparticles via electrostatic self-assembly
Authors: Jergens Elizabeth , de Araujo Fernandes-Junior Silvio , Cui Yixiao , Robbins Ariel , Castro Carlos E. , Poirier Michael G. , Gurcan Metin N. , Otero Jose J. , Winter Jessica O. 
Published: May 2023

Top: Schematic of DNA-caged nanoparticle composite formation. Bottom: U87 cells labeled with fluorescent DNA-caged nanoparticles before and after erasing with single stranded DNA. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Optimal consensus control for multi‐agent systems: Multi‐step policy gradient adaptive dynamic programming method
Authors: Ji Lianghao , Jian Kai , Zhang Cuijuan , Yang Shasha , Guo Xing , Li Huaqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method to solve the optimal consensus problem for a class of discrete‐time multi‐agent systems with completely unknown dynamics. Different from the classical RL‐based optimal control algorithms based on one‐step temporal difference method, a multi‐step‐based (also call n‐step) policy gradient ADP (MS‐PGADP) algorithm, which have been proved to be more efficient owing to its faster propagation of the reward, is proposed to obtain the iterative control policies. Moreover, a novel Q‐function is defined, which estimates the performance of performing an action in the current state. Then, through the Lyapunov stability theorem and functional analysis, the proof of optimality of the performance index function is given and the stability of the error system is also proved. Furthermore, the actor‐critic neural networks are used to implement the proposed method. Inspired by deep Q network, the target network is also introduced to guarantee the stability of NNs in the process of training. Finally, two simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Fault‐tolerant fixed‐time prescribed performance control of MEMS gyroscope
Authors: Esmaeili Seyed Mohammadreza , Zahedifar Rasoul , Keymasi‐Khalaji Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates a fault‐tolerant fixed‐time prescribed performance microelectromechanical system gyroscope using the adaptive backstepping method. The control protocol is designed such that not only is the system robust to even extremely harsh conditions of disturbance and actuator faults but also the performance and its settling time are user‐adjustable. Also, the system itself along with the external disturbances and actuator faults are assumed to be uncertain. Two case studies have been analyzed; the controller performance in the presence of very severe while uncertain disturbance and actuator faults, and a comparison between fixed‐time and finite‐time in this model in terms of their performance and convergence rate. First, the dynamics of the system are derived, and the prescribed performance error is defined for the analysis. Then, using the backstepping method, and adaptive estimations for the uncertainties, the algorithm is designed to converge the errors to a small set near zero with a fixed‐time convergence rate after which the stability of the system is verified via Lyapunov theory. In the end, a simulation example is presented in each case study to represent the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.
Dual‐stage day‐ahead optimized performance of renewable‐based microgrids
Authors: Helmi Ahmed M. , Abo‐Elyousr Farag K. , Haes Alhelou Hassan , Ramadan Haitham S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn distributed networks, wind turbine generators (WTGs) are to be optimally sized and positioned for cost‐effective and efficient network service. Various meta‐heuristic algorithms have been proposed to allocate WTGs within microgrids. However, the ability of these optimizers might not be guaranteed with uncertainty loads and wind generations. This paper presents novel meta‐heuristic optimizers to mitigate extreme voltage drops and the total costs associated with WTGs allocation within microgrids. Arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA), coronavirus herd immunity optimizer, and chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA) are proposed to manipulate these aspects. The trialed optimizers are developed and analyzed via Matlab, and fair comparison with the grey wolf optimization, particle swarm optimization, and the mature genetic algorithm are introduced. Numerical results for a large‐scale 295‐bus system (composed of IEEE 141‐bus, IEEE 85‐bus, IEEE 69‐bus subsystems) results illustrate the AOA and the ChOA outperform the other optimizers in terms of satisfying the objective functions, convergence, and execution time. The voltage profile is substantially improved at all buses with the penetration of the WTG with satisfactory power losses through the transmission lines. Day‐ahead is considered generic and efficient in terms of total costs. The AOA records costs of 16.575M$/year with a reduction of 31% compared to particle swarm optimization.
Eine systematische Analyse nosokomialer Ausbrüche von Infektionskrankheiten in der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie
Authors: Scholz Paulina Marie , Kirstein Martha Maria , Solbach Philipp Christoph , Vonberg Ralf-Peter 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie (ÖGD), die endoskopische retrograde
Cholangiopankreatikografie (ERCP) sowie die Koloskopie (KOLO) bergen stets das Risiko einer
Transmission von Erregern. Leider gibt es bislang nur wenige Daten zu den Ursachen und
Erregerspektren für diese Ereignisse.In einer systematischen Literaturrecherche der Worldwide Outbreak Database, der PubMed und
der Embase wurden entsprechende Ausbrüche hinsichtlich der Ausbruchsursache, des
Erregerspektrums, der Attack Rate und Letalität sowie der daraufhin eingeleiteten
Hygienemaßnahmen evaluiert.Es wurden insgesamt 73 Ausbrüche (ÖDG: 24; ERCP: 42; KOLO: 7) eingeschlossen mit Attack
Rates in Höhe von 3,5%, 7,1% und 12,8%. Die zugehörigen Letalitäten betrugen 6,3%, 12,7% und
10,0%. Im Rahmen der ÖGD ereigneten sich vor allem Transmissionen von Enterobakterien mit
einem großen Anteil multiresistenter Isolate. Via ERCP wurden überwiegend Nonfermenter
übertragen. Die häufigste Ursache für die akzidentelle Verwendung kontaminierter Endoskope war
menschliches Versagen während der Endoskopaufbereitung.Dem Anwender sollte das Risiko einer Übertragung stets bewusst sein, um diese
frühestmöglich erkennen und fortan unterbinden zu können. Darüber hinaus müssen Mitarbeiter
regelmäßig in der Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten geschult werden. Die Verwendung von
Einmalendoskopen senkt zwar das Übertragungsrisiko von Erregern, erhöht jedoch andererseits
die Abfallmenge und ggf. auch die Kosten.
Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Autismusdiagnostik
Authors: Breddemann Alina , Schilbach Leonhard , Kunerl Eva , Witzmann Markus , Schuwerk Tobias 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Autismus-Spektrum-Störung (ASS) wird vor allem bei Jungen und
Männern diagnostiziert. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass dies auch daran
liegt, dass Autismus bei Mädchen und Frauen oft nicht oder spät
diagnostisch erkannt wird. Diese Studie untersuchte Geschlechtsunterschiede in
der Diagnostik, vorrangig im Diagnosealter und Fehldiagnosen, im Weiteren im
Unterstützungsbedarf, der psychischen Gesundheit und der
Lebenszufriedenheit bei ASS. Es wurden Daten von 659 in Bayern lebenden
Autist:innen im Alter von 3–67 Jahren im Rahmen einer
Online-Fragebogenstudie erhoben (215 davon weiblich). Frauen mit ASS wurden im
Mittel 7–11 Jahre später diagnostiziert als Männer und
erhielten mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit mindestens eine Fehldiagnose.
Sie hatten häufiger unerfüllten Unterstützungsbedarf im
Bildungsbereich und komorbide internalisierende psychische Störungen als
Männer mit ASS. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen einen deutlichen
Geschlechtsbias in der Diagnostik von ASS in Deutschland und weisen somit auf
Optimierungsbedarf hin.