bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social stigma of people with mental disorders and attitude to psychiatric treatment in Polish society
Authors: Burdzik M. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
People with mental disorders (MD) may experience social stigma in various spheres of their lives. This phenomenon is based on negative social beliefs and hostile perceptions about mental disorders. Stigma may lead to social exclusion and discrimination (unjust treatment compared to people without MD). It may also result in resistance to using professional medical help (psychiatrist, psychotherapist) by people who experience symptoms of MD.

Objectives
The study aims to analyze the attitude of Polish society toward people with mental disorders and the attitude toward psychiatric treatment. The study investigates the correlation between the abovementioned attitudes and socioeconomic parameters of the respondents.

Methods
The study was conducted on a group of 1,230 respondents with the anonymous, authorial questionnaire disseminated by the CAWI technique. The questionnaire consisted of 10 single-choice questions concerned with the socioeconomic parameters of the respondents (age, place of residence, education, gender) and their attitudes toward mental health problems. The chi-square test and Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficient (τb) were used to analyze the correlations between the above parameters (with p<0,05).

Results
Over 33% of respondents believes that people with MD are more aggressive than people who do not present this type of disorder. In turn, 16.4% of respondents admitted that they would feel uncomfortable in the presence of a person with mental disorders. There was no statistically significant correlation between the above beliefs and any socioeconomic parameter. Every tenth respondent would not hire a person with MD. Resistance to employment increased with the respondents’ age and level of education, whereas it decreased with the population of respondents’ domiciles. More than 17% of respondents would feel resistance to contacting with psychiatrist, and 4.1% of them already hide the fact of treatment from their family. The resistance to using psychiatric help was higher in villages and smaller towns than in bigger centers.

Conclusions
The study shows negative attitudes towards people with MD are still relatively frequent in Polish society. The stereotypical perception of this group of entities is generally not dependent on any analyzed socioeconomic parameter. Such correlations exist only in some areas (employment). Because of the negative perception of MD, some people who struggle with these problems do not use a psychiatrist’s professional help. In effect, these entities remain undiagnosed and untreated. Treatment delay may lead to exacerbating symptoms, prolong treatment time (including the necessity of hospitalization), and increase its cost. Reducing the stigma is necessary for counteracting discrimination against people with mental disorders and improving the mental health condition of Polish society. It requires educational activities and appropriate legal regulations.

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
Localized magnetic states in a tilted Dirac cone system
Authors: Liu Fei-Yan , Zhang Shi-Jie , Zhang Yun , Ding Kai-He 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the localized magnetic state in the tilted Dirac cone system, wherein a lattice staggered potential (LSP) is introduced to create a gap between the conduction and valence bands. Our findings reveal that the breaking of symmetry between the sublattices results in depletion of the magnetic region of the impurity for positive LSP values, while a sharp strip is formed for negative LSP values with an increase in the tilt of the Dirac cone. Interestingly, within the magnetic region, the magnetic moment of the impurity remains constant at 0.8 Bohr magneton irrespective of the sign of LSP. However, the magnetic susceptibility at the edge of the magnetic region displays inconsistent behavior for positive and negative LSP values. We also analyze in detail the variations in the magnetic region, magnetic moment, and magnetic susceptibility with LSP strength at a fixed tilt.
ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΑ ΣΑΜΟΥΗΛ, Ο Ορφέας, ο Φοίνικας και η Μαρίκα η Πολίτισσα
Authors: Σαμουήλ Αλεξάνδρα 
Published: August 2023

Orpheus, the Phoenix and Marika Politissa
This paper concerns the symbols and masks in the poetry of Nikos Engonopoulos drawn from the history of religions, the daemonology and the various realms of esoterism, which highlights at the same time the continuum between his visual and poetic work. More precisely this paper concerns, initially, the myth of the phoenix, a symbol of a living eternity, as he dies and is reborn from his ashes, with which the poet identifies in many of his poems with the most obvious “I zoi kai o thanatos ton poiiton”. In this poem from the cryptic references to Lactantius and Petrarca it follows that the author of Engonopoulos poetry is the dying beauty, personified here in Petrarca’s Laura, which transforms the poet into a phoenix as he aspires his descent into Ades in order to memorise the loss of her mortal beauty, ensuring in this strange way his poetic survival.
Almost the same subject –the desire to go down to Ades– is developed by Engonopoulos in another of his poems, entitled “O mysticos poiitis”, a poet whose erotic desire concerns the horrible Styx, synonymous with the world of the dead. It turns out that behind Styx and the other female figures of his poetry lies the real Muse of Engonopoulos, the mythical Lilith, the female demon who after the sexual encounter with her victims disappears forcing the poet to transform himself into a phoenix to memorise her demonic beauty.
Novel five-phase model for understanding the nature of misophonia, a conditioned aversive reflex disorder
Authors: Dozier Thomas , Mitchell Nathanael 
Published: August 2023

Background: Misophonia is a recently identified condition in which a person perceives a subtle stimulus (e.g., eating sounds, hair twirling) and has an intense, negative emotional response. Misophonia cannot be classified with established nosological systems. Methods: We present a novel five-phase model of misophonia from a cognitive-behavioral framework. This model identifies a learned reflex of the autonomic nervous system as the primary etiology and maintenance of misophonia. Phase one is anticipatory anxiety and avoidance. Phase two is a conditioned physical reflex (for example, the tensing of calf muscles) that develops through stimulus-response Pavlovian conditioning. Phase three includes intense negative emotional responses and accompanying physiological distress, thoughts, urges, and emotion-driven behavior. Phase four is the individual’s coping responses to emotional distress, and phase five is the environmental response and resulting internal and external consequences of the coping behaviors. Each phase helps explain the maintenance of the response and the individual’s impairment. Results: Anticipatory anxiety and avoidance of phase one contributes to an increased arousal and awareness of triggers, resulting in increased severity of the trigger experience. Both the Pavlovian-conditioned physical reflex of phase two and the emotion-driven behavior caused by the conditioned emotional response of phase three increase with in vivo exposure to triggers. Phase four includes internal and external coping behaviors to the intense emotions and distress, and phase 5 includes the consequences of those behaviors. Internal consequences include beliefs and new emotions based on environmental responses to anger and panic. For example, the development of emotions such as shame and guilt, and beliefs regarding how ‘intolerable’ the trigger is. Conclusions: We assert misophonia is a multi-sensory condition and includes anticipatory anxiety, conditioned physical reflexes, intense emotional and physical distress, subsequent internal and external responses, and environmental consequences.
Trialling an expressed breast milk management video for pregnant women in Indonesia
Authors: Sarimin Dorce Sisfiani , Pasambo Yourisna , Desyani Ni Luh Jayanthi 
Published: August 2023

Background/Aims The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers is low, and can be attributed to the perception of inadequate breast milk, lack of knowledge about expression, limited time to express and lack of support from workplace leaders. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of educational videos on milk management in improving working women's knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy in expressing breast milk. Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design, with a sample of 100 participants selected for a cluster randomised trial. The intervention group (n=50) watched educational videos on expressed breast milk and were mentored through a WhatsApp group, while the control group (n=50) received regular education for pregnant women working in urban areas. Data on the participants knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy were collected via questionnaires both before and after the intervention. The data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results The intervention group had higher knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy scores after watching the educational videos and being mentored (P=0.001). Conclusions Educational videos and mentoring can be used by healthcare professionals to provide education and support for working women, to encourage breast milk expression and exclusive breastfeeding.
Midwives’ practice of maternal positions throughout active second stage labour: an integrative review
Authors: Asnawi Damia Hazimah , Idris Deeni Rudita , McKenna Lisa , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah H 
Published: August 2023

Background/Aims Extensive research focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of various positions throughout active second stage labour, but there is limited focus on midwives’ practice. This study aimed to explore midwives’ practice of maternal positions throughout the active phase of second stage labour. Methods An integrative review of three databases was carried out for research papers published between 2015 and 2022. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis and synthesis. Results Five eligible research papers were included. There were four key findings: maternal positions practised by midwives, midwives as the prime decision maker, midwives’ personal convenience and comfort, and barriers to practising maternal positions. Conclusions Midwives were seen as prime decision makers, who hindered informed decision making on maternal positions during active second stage labour. Inadequate knowledge, skills and confidence were barriers to practice and attributed to midwives adopting positions that were convenient and comfortable for themselves. Strategies are needed to enhance practice through review and evaluation of current clinical settings, regular updates to evidence-based practice and refreshing essential midwifery skills.
COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction: A systematic review
Authors: Elbeltagi Reem , Al-Beltagi Mohammed , Saeed Nermin Kamal , Bediwy Adel Salah 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
It is common for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to occur in the gastrointestinal tract, which can present itself as an initial symptom. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often reflected in the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms. COVID-19 can damage the nerve supply to the digestive system, leading to gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction. There is still much to learn about how COVID-19 affects the autonomic nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.
AIM
To thoroughly explore the epidemiology and clinical aspects of COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction, including its manifestations, potential mechanisms, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, impact on quality of life, prognosis, and management and prevention strategies.
METHODS
We conducted a thorough systematic search across various databases and performed an extensive literature review. Our review encompassed 113 studies published in English from January 2000 to April 18, 2023.
RESULTS
According to most of the literature, gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction can seriously affect a patient's quality of life and ultimate prognosis. Numerous factors can influence gastrointestinal autonomic nervous functions. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 has a well-documented affinity for both neural and gastrointestinal tissues, and the virus can produce various gastrointestinal symptoms by reaching neural tissues through different pathways. These symptoms include anorexia, dysgeusia, heartburn, belching, chest pain, regurgitation, vomiting, epigastric burn, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, irregular bowel movements, and constipation. Diarrhea is the most prevalent symptom, followed by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Although COVID-19 vaccination may rarely induce autonomic dysfunction and gastrointestinal symptoms, COVID-19-induced autonomic effects significantly impact the patient's condition, general health, prognosis, and quality of life. Early diagnosis and proper recognition are crucial for improving outcomes. It is important to consider the differential diagnosis, as these symptoms may be induced by diseases other than COVID-19-induced autonomic dysfunction. Treating this dysfunction can be a challenging task.
CONCLUSION
To ensure the best possible outcomes for COVID-19 patients, it is essential to take a multidisciplinary approach involving providing supportive care, treating the underlying infection, managing dysfunction, monitoring for complications, and offering nutritional support. Close monitoring of the patient's condition is crucial, and prompt intervention should be taken if necessary. Furthermore, conducting thorough research on the gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction caused by COVID-19 is vital to manage it effectively.
Meta-analysis of outcomes from drug-eluting stent implantation in infrapopliteal arteries
Authors: Li Ming-Xuan , Tu Hai-Xia , Yin Meng-Chen 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Percutaneous drug-eluting stent implantation (DESI) is an emerging and promising treatment modality for infrapopliteal artery diseases (IPADs). This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes and quantitatively analyzes the outcomes of DESI in IPADs considering the hazard ratio (HR), which is a more accurate and appropriate outcome measure than the more commonly used relative risk and odds ratio.
AIM
To explore the superiority of drug-eluting stents (DESs) vs traditional treatment modalities for IPADs.
METHODS
The following postoperative indicators were the outcomes of interest: All-cause death (ACD)-free survival, major amputation (MA)-free survival, target lesion revascularization (TLR)-free survival, adverse event (AE)-free survival, and primary patency (PP) survival. The outcome measures were then compared according to their respective HRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The participants were human IPAD patients who underwent treatments for infrapopliteal lesions. DESI was set as the intervention arm, and traditional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with or without bare metal stent implantation (BMSI) was set as the control arm. A systematic search in the Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was performed on November 29, 2022. All controlled studies published in English with sufficient data on outcomes of interest for extraction or conversion were included. When studies did not directly report the HRs but gave a corresponding survival curve, we utilized Engauge Digitizer software and standard formulas to convert the information and derive HRs. Then, meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Five randomized controlled trials and three cohort studies involving 2639 participants were included. The ACD-free and MA-free survival HR values for DESI were not statistically significant from those of the control treatment (P > 0.05); however, the HR values for TLR-free, AE-free, and PP-survival differed significantly [2.65 (95%CI: 1.56-4.50), 1.57 (95%CI: 1.23-2.01), and 5.67 (95%CI: 3.56-9.03), respectively].
CONCLUSION
Compared with traditional treatment modalities (i.e. , PTA with or without BMSI), DESI for IPADs is superior in avoiding TLR and AEs and maintaining PP but shows no superiority or inferiority in avoiding ACD and MA.
Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor-associated membranous nephropathy with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with telitacicept: A case report
Authors: Wang Jin-Ling , Sun Yan-Ling , Kang Zhe , Zhang Sheng-Kun , Yu Chun-Xin , Zhang Wan , Xie Hua , Lin Hong-Li 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
The co-occurrence of Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor-associated membranous nephropathy (anti-PLA2R-MN) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a rare clinical scenario, presenting significant challenges in terms of management and treatment.
CASE SUMMARY
A 32-year-old Chinese male diagnosed with HIV infection presented with a clinical history of proteinuria persisting for over two years. A kidney biopsy demonstrated subepithelial immune complex deposition and a thickened glomerular basement membrane, indicative of stage I-II membranous nephropathy. Immunofluorescence staining revealed granular deposition of PLA2R (3+) along the glomerular capillary loops, corroborated by a strongly positive anti-PLA2R antibody test (1:320). Initial treatment involving losartan potassium, rivaroxaban, tacrolimus, and rituximab was discontinued due to either poor effectiveness or the occurrence of adverse events. Following a regimen of weekly subcutaneous injections of telitacicept (160 mg), a marked decline in the 24 h urine protein was observed within a three-month period, accompanied by a rise in serum albumin level. No significant reductions in peripheral blood CD3+CD4+T and CD3+CD8+T cell counts were detected. The patient's physical and psychological conditions showed significant improvements, with no adverse events reported during the treatment course.
CONCLUSION
Telitacicept might offer a potential therapeutic avenue for patients diagnosed with anti-PLA2R-MN concomitant with HIV infection.
Persistent dysexecutive syndrome after pneumococcal meningitis complicated by recurrent ischemic strokes: A case report
Authors: Abbruzzese Laura , Martinelli Giulia , Salti Giulia , Basagni Benedetta , Damora Alessio , Scarselli Cristiano , Peppoloni Giulia , Podgorska Aleksandra , Rosso Giuliana , Bacci Marco , Alfano Alba Rosa , MANCUSO MAURO 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Meningitis is a possible complication of pneumococcal infection concerning acute otitis media and sinusitis. It might compromise cognitive function, both for the infection itself and the vascular events that sometimes follow the acute phase.
CASE SUMMARY
Here we describe the case of a 32-year-old female patient admitted to the emergency room due to extensive pneumococcal meningitis as a consequence of sinus outbreak. She presented with extensive laminar ischemic damage in the acute phase, resulting in severe cognitive and behavioural impairment. Four years of follow-up, through neuropsychological assessments and neuroradiological investigations, demonstrated the presence of subsequent vascular events, 3 months and 2 years after onset.
CONCLUSION
The case is discussed in light of scientific knowledge of the long-term outcomes of this pathology in order to potentially improve diagnosis and promote better outcomes.
Kawasaki disease with peritonsillar abscess as the first symptom: A case report
Authors: Huo Li-Man , Li Li-Min , Peng Hao-Yang , Wang Li-Jia , Feng Zhang-Ying 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Kawasaki disease (KD), also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is an acute, self-limiting vasculitis of unknown aetiology that mainly involves the medium and small arteries and can lead to serious cardiovascular complications, with a 25% incidence of coronary artery aneurysms. Periton–Sillar abscesses are a rare symptom of KD and is easily misdiagnosed at its early stages.
CASE SUMMARY
A 5-year-old boy who presented to a community hospital with a 3-d fever, difficulty in opening his mouth, and neck pain and was originally treated for throat infection without improvement. On the basis of laboratory tests, ultrasound of submandibular and superficial lymph nodes and computed tomography of the neck, the clinician diagnosed the periamygdala abscess and sepsis that did not resolve after antibiotic therapy. On the fifth day of admission, the child developed conjunctival congestion, prune tongue, perianal congestion and desquamation, and slightly stiff and swollen bunions on both feet. A diagnosis of KD was reached with complete remission after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment.
CONCLUSION
Children with neck pain, lymph node enlargement, or airway obstruction as the main manifestations are poorly treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics. Clinicians should not rush invasive operations such as neck puncture, incision, and drainage and should be alert for KD when it cannot be explained by deep neck space infection and early treatment with aspirin combined with gammaglobulin.
Treatment of a patient with severe lactic acidosis and multiple organ failure due to mitochondrial myopathy: A case report
Authors: Chen Ling , Shuai Tian-Kui , Gao Yu-Wei , Li Min , Fang Peng-Zhong , Christian Waydhas , Liu Li-Ping 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Mitochondrial myopathy is a rare genetic disease with maternal inheritance that may involve multiple organ systems. Due to the lack of typical characteristics, its clinical diagnosis is difficult, and it is often misdiagnosed or even missed.
CASE SUMMARY
The patient was a young college student. When he presented at the hospital, he had severe lactic acidosis, respiratory failure, and shock with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). He was treated by mechanical ventilation, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and other organ support. However, his condition continued to worsen. After a thorough and detailed medical and family history was taken, a mitochondrial crisis was suspected. A muscle biopsy was taken. Further genetic testing confirmed a mitochondrial gene mutation (TRNL1 3243A>G). The final diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy was made. Although there is no known specific treatment, intravenous methylprednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin were started. The patient’s shock eventually improved. The further course was complicated by severe infection in multiple sites, severe muscle weakness, and recurrent MODS. After 2 mo of multidisciplinary management and intensive rehabilitation, the patient could walk with assistance 4 mo after admission and walk independently 6 mo after admission.
CONCLUSION
More attention should be paid to mitochondrial myopathy to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
Early esophageal carcinomas in achalasia patient after endoscopic submucosal dissection combined with peroral endoscopic myotomy: A case report
Authors: An Bai-Quan , Wang Chun-Xiao , Zhang Hai-Yan , Fu Jin-Dong 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Achalasia is associated with high risk of esophageal carcinoma. However, the optimal endoscopic surgery for patients with early esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia remains unclear.
CASE SUMMARY
A combination of concurrent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and modified peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) was performed on a 62-year-old male, who presented with multiple early esophageal carcinomas concomitant with achalasia. The patient exhibited an improvement in feeding obstruction, and presented no evidence of disease during the 3-year follow-up.
CONCLUSION
The combination of ESD and POEM is a feasible treatment modality for patients with early esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia.