bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of the Elusive Carbonic Acid (HOCOOH) in Space
Authors: Sanz-Novo Miguel , Rivilla Víctor M. , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Colzi Laura , Zeng Shaoshan , Megías Andrés , López-Gallifa Álvaro , Martínez-Henares Antonio , Massalkhi Sarah , Tercero Belén , de Vicente Pablo , Martín Sergio , Andrés David San , Requena-Torres Miguel A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A quarter century after the detection of the last interstellar carboxylic acid, acetic acid (CH3COOH), we report the discovery of a new one, the cis-trans form of carbonic acid (HOCOOH), toward the Galactic center molecular cloud G+0.693–0.027. HOCOOH stands as the first interstellar molecule containing three oxygen atoms and the third carboxylic acid detected so far in the interstellar medium. Albeit the limited available laboratory measurements (up to 65 GHz), we have also directly identified several pairs of unblended lines in the astronomical data (between 75 and 120 GHz), which allowed us to slightly improve the set of spectroscopic constants. We derive a column density for cis-trans HOCOOH of N = (6.4 ± 0.4) × 1012 cm−2, which yields an abundance with respect to molecular H2 of 4.7 × 10−11. Meanwhile, the extremely low dipole moment (about 15 times lower) of the lower-energy conformer, cis-cis HOCOOH, precludes its detection. We obtain an upper limit to its abundance with respect to H2 of ≤1.2 × 10−9, which suggests that cis-cis HOCOOH might be fairly abundant in interstellar space, although it is nearly undetectable by radio astronomical observations. We derive a cis-cis/cis-trans ratio of ≤25, consistent with the smaller energy difference between both conformers compared with the relative stability of trans- and cis-formic acid. Finally, we compare the abundance of these acids in different astronomical environments, further suggesting a relationship between the chemical content found in the interstellar medium and the chemical composition of the minor bodies of the solar system, which could be inherited during the star formation process.
Hadronic versus Leptonic Origin of Gamma-Ray Emission from Supernova Remnants
Authors: Corso Nicholas J. , Diesing Rebecca , Caprioli Damiano 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
GeV and TeV emission from the forward shocks of supernova remnants (SNRs) indicates that they are capable particle accelerators, making them promising sources of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs). However, it remains uncertain whether this γ-ray emission arises primarily from the decay of neutral pions produced by very-high-energy hadrons, or from inverse-Compton and/or bremsstrahlung emission from relativistic leptons. By applying a semi-analytic approach to non-linear diffusive shock acceleration, and calculating the particle and photon spectra produced in different environments, we parameterize the relative strength of hadronic and leptonic emission. We show that even if CR acceleration is likely to occur in all SNRs, the observed photon spectra may primarily reflect the environment surrounding the SNR: the emission is expected to look hadronic unless the ambient density is particularly low (with proton number density ≲0.1 cm−3) or the photon background is enhanced with respect to average Galactic values (with radiation energy density u
rad ≳ 10 eV cm−3). We introduce a hadronicity parameter to characterize how hadronic or leptonic we expect a source to look based on its environment, which can be used to guide the interpretation of current γ-ray observations and the detection of high-energy neutrinos from SNRs.
Variability Catalog of Stars Observed during the TESS Prime Mission
Authors: Fetherolf Tara , Pepper Joshua , Simpson Emilie , Kane Stephen R. , Močnik Teo , English John Edward , Antoci Victoria , Huber Daniel , Jenkins Jon M. , Stassun Keivan , Twicken Joseph D. , Vanderspek Roland , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
During its 2 yr Prime Mission, TESS observed over 232,000 stars at a 2 minute cadence across ∼70% of the sky. These data provide a record of photometric variability across a range of astrophysically interesting timescales, probing stellar rotation, stellar binarity, and pulsations. We have analyzed the TESS 2 minute light curves to identify periodic variability on timescales of 0.01–13 days, and explored the results across various stellar properties. We have identified over 46,000 periodic variables with high confidence, and another 38,000 with moderate confidence. These light curves show differences in variability type across the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, with distinct groupings of rotational, eclipsing, and pulsational variables. We also see interesting patterns across period–luminosity space, with clear correlations between period and luminosity for high-mass pulsators, evolved stars, and contact binary systems, a discontinuity corresponding to the Kraft break, and a lower occurrence of periodic variability in main-sequence stars on timescales of 1.5–2 days. The variable stars identified in this work are cross-identified with several other variability catalogs, from which we find good agreement between the measured periods of variability. There are ∼65,000 variable stars that are newly identified in this work, which includes the rotation rates of low-mass stars, high-frequency pulsation periods for high-mass stars, and a variety of giant star variability.
Big Data for Beginners
Authors: Huybrechts Pieter 
Published: August 2023

With the increasing amount of datasets being published and made available through global aggregators, such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), new opportunities have opened to answer research questions that previously could not be considered. Techniques for large scale data integration offer benefits for the biodiversity research community (Heberling et al. 2021, Kays et al. 2020), profiting from the great and continuing efforts in data mobilisation and standardisation (such as Darwin Core, Wieczorek et al. 2012). These benefits include integrating several large data sources or enriching existing occurrence data with other information. Several commonly encountered barriers to large-scale use of biodiversity occurrence data exist. These include the lack of facilities for local storage of large and rapidly changing datasets, the computational power required for processing, unfamiliarity with existing toolsets, and insufficient resources to maintain big data infrastructure. These challenges are well documented in the context of high-throughput genomics (Marx 2013), and more recently in occurrence-based biodiversity research (for example Thessen et al. 2018).
However, while these hurdles and bottlenecks are very real, several of them have low cost of entry solutions. The aim of this presentation is to encourage the community to explore ambitious queries, to combine and examine all available data in its totality and to break down specific technical barriers, by providing a practical overview for researchers to maximise the power of large-scale data processing in their work.
While big data processing may seem daunting, tools accessible to users without a background in big data are available for both local workstations and cloud computing services that allow for scalable data processing at low cost, for instance Databricks Community Edition or Apache Arrow. Using these resources, researchers can incorporate larger datasets into existing protocols, and by doing so, uncover patterns and insights that would be otherwise impossible to acquire using smaller subsets of the ever-expanding complex set that biodiversity occurrence data presents.
Global Lepidoptera Index: Progress and Issues with Developing a Comprehensive Global Checklist of Moths and Butterflies
Authors: Hobern Donald 
Published: August 2023

Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) form one of the four largest animal orders, with published estimates that around 174,250 species had been described up to 2009 (Chapman 2009). Many species are conspicuous, charismatic and regularly recorded by citizen scientists. As a result, iNaturalist contains more than 15 million Lepidoptera observations (10.5% of all observations), and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) includes more than 83 million occurrence records for the group from all sources (3.5% of all biodiversity data and 9.8% of all non-bird data).
A modern and comprehensive checklist of global moths and butterflies would therefore play a significant role in improving our ability to interpret biodiversity patterns and change. However, there is still no dataset that adequately covers the order, and good accessible digital checklists exist for a minority of families.
The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex) has served as the primary checklist for Lepidoptera used by Catalogue of Life (COL), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other global biodiversity informatics initiatives, with selected families sourced for other well-curated projects. LepIndex is the digitised version of a card index developed and maintained over decades at the Natural History Museum, London. Its intended purpose was to link published species names with the original literature references. LepIndex includes most names published prior to around 1985 (with some geographical bias) and additions for some groups up to around 1995. Since the card index was developed purely as a nomenclatural resource, no effort was made to track changes in generic placement and generally reflect taxonomic opinion from the time when each card was added. As a result, binomial combinations in LepIndex do not necessarily reflect either the original author's published binomial or contemporary classification. In superfamilies such as Gelechioidea and Noctuoidea, which have undergone significant reorganisation in the light of modern findings, many names are not associated even with the currently recognised family for the species.
LepIndex has been migrated to TaxonWorks and is now maintained as the Global Lepidoptera Index (GLI), but addressing a shortfall of nearly 40 years of active taxonomy and fixing other legacy issues remains a major challenge. COL has recently worked with several groups of taxonomists to develop modern digital checklists for several families, but some groups can only practically be improved through edits to GLI.
This presentation will summarise progress and metrics indicating the scale of the remaining task and the effort that will be required to maintain a comprehensive checklist that rapidly and accurates reflects new taxonomic findings.
Pueblos indígenas y políticas públicas sobre sustancias psicoactivas
Authors: Arcia Grajales John Harvy 
Published: August 2023

El presente estudio realiza una lectura histórico - crítica al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en contextos indígenas. Se hace un recorte de realidad - con autoridades, docentes, estudiantes y cuidadores - acerca de los saberes, relaciones y prácticas situadas en Sipirra sobre sustancias psicoactivas. A través del mapeo colectivo se relatan las acciones comunitarias, aprendizajes colaborativos e interculturales en el territorio. Emergen relatos acerca de plantas maestras o enteógenos que curan. La medicina tradicional con plantas como tabaco, coca, cannabis, amapola, floripondio, yagé, entre otras, surge en las voces de quienes colaboran al mapear sobre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. En los relatos de la comunidad educativa Sipirra se encuentran tensiones al significar los saberes, las prácticas y las relaciones entre plantas medicinales y drogas. También se pone en tensión el discurso gubernamental al identificar contradicción entre propiciar en la política pública estudios interculturales que propendan por la autonomía y la salvaguarda de la identidad cultural en los pueblos originarios y, en oposición promueva desde la Encuesta Nacional del Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (2020) la idea de que el yagé es una sustancia psicoactiva ilegal, desconociéndola como planta maestra en territorios ancestrales. Surge como iniciativa del resguardo de Cañamomo Lomaprieta sembrar y cuidar una «huerta escolar de enteógenos» en la institución educativa como «espacio pedagógico» para significar desde los saberes ancestrales de la comunidad, las relaciones con las plantas y contribuir en la atención y en la prevención con prácticas ancestrales, a las problemáticas contemporáneas de consumo en contextos urbanos.
Impact of freezing methods on the physicochemical and sensory qualities of frozen carrot (<em>Daucus carota</em>) (Cape Market variety) dices
Authors: Rikasa A. M. , Wimalasiri K.M. S. , Senarathne S. M. A. C. U. 
Published: August 2023

Carrots (Daucus carota) are root vegetables that contain carotenoids, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, vitamins, and minerals. They are high in antioxidants, anticarcinogens, and immune enhancers making them excellent for the eyes. Carrots suffer from significant postharvest losses in Sri Lanka due to their perishable nature, as well as rejections due to their odd morphologies. Even though demand for carrot is high all around the country, losses are unavoidable. Freezing techniques play a vital role in maintaining freshness and avoiding deterioration simultaneously. The goal of the present study was to find the best freezing method among blast freezing (-30 °C) and conventional (-18 °C) freezing circumstances for a superior quality of frozen carrot dice. Blanched (90 °C for 3min) carrot dice (Cape market variety) were frozen and thawed, then physicochemical parameters like drip loss (%), pH and colour, and other aspects including length ratio, hardness and cutting shearing strength and sensory parameters like colour, odour, texture and overall quality changes during freezing were analyzed. The blast frozen-thawed carrot dices showed the best quality of fresh colour, 8.50 ± 2.83 of colour change, 5.573 ± 0.555 % of drip loss, 0.0333 ± 0.007 length ratio, 21.53 N ± 3.78 hardness, 0.1366 J ± 0.0361 cutting and shearing strength, and 5.6867 ± 0.01 pH than conventional frozen-thawed dices. Mann Whitney U test resulted that blast frozen carrot dices had significantly (p<0.05) higher consumer preference than conventionally treated samples during the sensory analysis.
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Synergizes with IL-2 to Induce Homeostatic Proliferation of Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Shapiro Melanie R , Peters Leeana D , Brown Matthew E , Cabello-Kindelan Cecilia , Posgai Amanda L , Bayer Allison L , Brusko Todd M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
IL-2 has been proposed to restore tolerance via regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion in autoimmunity, yet off-target effects necessitate identification of a combinatorial approach allowing for lower IL-2 dosing. We recently reported reduced levels of immunoregulatory insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) during type 1 diabetes progression. Thus, we hypothesized that IGF1 would synergize with IL-2 to expand Tregs. We observed IGF1 receptor was elevated on murine memory and human naive Treg subsets. IL-2 and IGF1 promoted PI3K/Akt signaling in Tregs, inducing thymically-derived Treg expansion beyond either agent alone in NOD mice. Increased populations of murine Tregs of naive or memory, as well as CD5lo polyclonal or CD5hi likely self-reactive, status were also observed. Expansion was attributed to increased IL-2Rγ subunit expression on murine Tregs exposed to IL-2 and IGF1 as compared with IL-2 or IGF1 alone. Assessing translational capacity, incubation of naive human CD4+ T cells with IL-2 and IGF1 enhanced thymically-derived Treg proliferation in vitro, without the need for TCR ligation. We then demonstrated that IGF1 and IL-2 or IL-7, which is also IL-2Rγ-chain dependent, can be used to induce proliferation of genetically engineered naive human Tregs or T conventional cells, respectively. These data support the potential use of IGF1 in combination with common γ-chain cytokines to drive homeostatic T cell expansion, both in vitro and in vivo, for cellular therapeutics and ex vivo gene editing.
Study of the Cellular Senescence Process in Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Hejazi Sajjad , Maleki Masoud , Rasekh Morteza 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Embryonic stem cells are candidates for the treatment of regenerative medicine, but their use is faced with limitations due to ethical issues. The human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are appropriate options because the cells have no ethical difficulties and have self-renewal. Senescence is known as a gradual functional loss that heterogeneously occurs in multiple organ systems.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular senescence process in human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells.

Materials and Methods:
Umbilical cord was obtained from healthy newborns at the General Hospital of Tabriz. Under sterile conditions, Wharton's jelly was removed from the blood vessels and minced into small pieces of about 0.5 mm. These were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (MSC medium). Real-time polymerase chain reaction for p16INK4a and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was performed to investigate the cellular senescence process.

Results:
The results showed the different expressions in the different passages, but it was significantly increased from the fifth passage compared to the first passage. SA-β-gal staining also showed increased colour intensity in the fifth passage compared to the first passage.

Conclusion:
SA-β-gal is not a specific marker for senescence, while p16INK4a is a specific marker. Further studies are required for the investigation of the senescence mechanism, such as the evaluation of genes involved in the senescence.
Expression of BAX and Bcl-2 Gene in Prostate Carcinoma and its Correlation with Gleason Score
Authors: Unnithan Aiswarya , Das Subhashish , Nadipanna Sreeramulu P 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Prostate cancer is primarily a disease that occurs in the elderly age group amongst men above 65 years of age. The relationship between the Bcl-2 and Bax genes and the Gleason staging of prostate cancer has not been studied in depth, and there is a dearth of published Indian research on the subject. Hence, this study aims to comprehend how the apoptotic mechanism relates to prostate cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion (expression) of Bcl-2 and BAX genes in prostate carcinoma (PCa) and to observe the correlation of Bcl-2 and BAX gene association with Gleason scoring in PCa.

Materials and Methods:
Transurethral resected prostatic Chips positive for PCa and paraffin blocks were evaluated for the study. H-score system was used based on the cytoplasmic staining into negative mild, moderate and strong cytoplasmic staining.

Results:
Fifty cases were analysed. There was a notable relationship between Gleason grade and tumour size, and levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were in an increasing manner with Gleason's grade except at Grade 3, with the majority of cases falling into Gleason grade 5 (42%) and PSA levels falling into the range of 90–99 (28%), tumour size falling into the range of 3.1–6 cm (44%), T4 stage (34%) and metastasis (80%).

Conclusion:
This study concluded that PSA levels in cases of prostate cancer patients were showing an increasing trend with Gleason grade. This demonstrated a striking correlation between Gleason grade and H score BCL2, but not one that was particularly significant for the BAX gene.
Hyperamylasemia is not Associated with Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in South Indian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sarathi Vijaya , Tirupati Sunanda , Sabinkar Gayatri , Mohan Rama 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Although not definitive, there is small increased risk of acute pancreatitis with the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i). Hence, there is an interest in the elevation of pancreatic enzymes among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using DPP4i. However, the studies regarding their association are limited and provide conflicting results. Moreover, there are no such studies among South Indian T2DM patients. Hence, we evaluated the prevalence of hyperamylasemia among South Indian T2DM patients and its association with DPP4i use.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary health care center from South India. Adult T2DM patients on stable doses of antidiabetic medications for at least previous 3 months were included in the study. Patients with other types of diabetes mellitus, gall stones, diabetic ketoacidosis, acute illness, chronic kidney disease and untreated hypothyroidism were excluded from the study. All participants were evaluated with glycemic parameters, serum creatinine and serum amylase. Hyperamylasemia was defined as serum amylase ≥220 U/L.

Results:
A total of 200 participants were included in the study among whom 93 patients were not on DPP4i whereas 107 were on DPP4i including 41 (38.32%) each on teneligliptin and sitagliptin. Baseline characteristics including glycemic measures were comparable between DPP4i users and nonusers. A total of 14 patients (7%) had hyperamylasemia but the prevalence of hyperamylasemia did not differ between DPP4i users and nonuser (6/107 vs. 8/93, P = 0.42).

Conclusions:
Asymptomatic hyperamylasemia is not uncommon in South Indian T2DM patients but is not associated with the use of DPP4i.
Clinicomicrobiological Profile of Infections by Achromobacter: An Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen in Indian Hospitals
Authors: Siddiqui Tasneem , Patel Sangram Singh , Ghoshal Ujjala , Sahu Chinmoy 
Published: August 2023

Background:

Achromobacter causes opportunistic nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients with high mortality. It is underreported as it is often misidentified by conventional microbiological methods.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to access the clinicomicrobiological profile and antibiogram of Achromobacter spp. from clinical isolates.

Materials and Methods:
It is an observational study done from July 2020 to December 2021 in our hospital. All nonduplicate isolates of Achromobacter from blood and respiratory samples were initially identified with VITEK-2 GN card system and further confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiogram and treatment outcomes were also studied.

Results:

Achromobacter spp. was isolated from 14 patients. Blood samples yielded most isolates (71.4%; n = 10) followed by tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Bacteremia followed by pneumonia was the most common clinical manifestation of Achromobacter infection. All the isolates were identified as A. xylosoxidans denitrificans and showed 100% susceptibility to minocycline and piperacillin-tazobactam. Diabetes mellitus and malignancy were the most common underlying condition in these patients. A favorable outcome was seen in 78.6% of the individuals with timely institution of antibiotics and proper diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Infections due to Achromobacter are on the rise in developing countries like India. Resistance to many classes of antimicrobials makes its treatment more challenging therefore it should always be guided by antibiograms. The present study highlights the significance of this rare bacterium in patients with malignancies in India and advocates greater vigilance toward appropriate identification of this organism.