bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal carbon monoxide observed from a geostationary infrared hyperspectral sounder: first result from GIIRS on board FengYun-4B
Authors: Zeng Zhao-Cheng , Lee Lu , Qi Chengli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on board FengYun-4 series satellites is the world's first geostationary hyperspectral infrared sounder. With hyperspectral measurement collected from a geostationary orbit covering the carbon monoxide (CO) absorption window around 2150 cm−1, GIIRS provides a unique opportunity
for monitoring the diurnal variabilities of atmospheric CO over eastern Asia.
In this study, we develop the FengYun Geostationary satellite Atmospheric
Infrared Retrieval (FY-GeoAIR) algorithm to retrieve the CO profiles using
observations from GIIRS on board FY-4B, which was launched in June 2021, and
provide CO maps at a spatial resolution of 12 km and a temporal resolution
of 2 h. The performance of the algorithm is first evaluated by conducting retrieval experiments using simulated synthetic spectra. The result shows that the GIIRS data provide significant information for constraining CO profiles. The degree of freedom for signal (DOFS) and retrieval error are both highly correlated with thermal contrast (TC), the temperature difference between the surface and the lower atmosphere. Retrieval results from 1 month of GIIRS spectra in July 2022 show that the DOFS for the majority is between 0.8 and 1.5 for the CO total column and between 0 and 0.8 for the bottom three layers ranging from the surface to 3 km a.s.l. Consistent with CO retrievals from low-Earth-orbit (LEO) infrared
sounders, the largest observation sensitivity, as quantified by the
averaging kernel (AK), is in the free troposphere at around 3–6 km. The
diurnal changes in DOFS and vertical sensitivity of observation are
primarily driven by the diurnal TC variabilities. Finally, we compare the CO total columns between GIIRS and Infrared Atmospheric
Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and find that the two datasets show
good consistency in capturing the spatial and temporal variabilities. This
study demonstrates that the GIIRS retrievals are able to reproduce the
temporal variability of CO total columns over eastern Asia in the daytime in
July. Nevertheless, the retrievals have low detectivity in the nighttime due
to their weak sensitivity to the ground level CO changes limited by low
information content. Model assimilation that takes into account the
retrieved diurnal CO profiles and the associated vertical sensitivity will
have potential in improving local and global air quality and climate
research over eastern Asia.
Ice core chemistry database: an Antarctic compilation of sodium and sulfate records spanning the past 2000 years
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth R. , Vladimirova Diana O. , Tetzner Dieter R. , Emanuelsson B. Daniel , Chellman Nathan , Dixon Daniel A. , Goosse Hugues , Grieman Mackenzie M. , King Amy C. F. , Sigl Michael , Udy Danielle G. , Vance Tessa R. , Winski Dominic A. , Winton V. Holly L. , Bertler Nancy A. N. , Hori Akira , Laluraj Chavarukonam M. , McConnell Joseph R. , Motizuki Yuko , Takahashi Kazuya , Motoyama Hideaki , Nakai Yoichi , Schwanck Franciéle , Simões Jefferson Cardia , Lindau Filipe Gaudie Ley , Severi Mirko , Traversi Rita , Wauthy Sarah , Xiao Cunde , Yang Jiao , Mosely-Thompson Ellen , Khodzher Tamara V. , Golobokova Ludmila P. , Ekaykin Alexey A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Changes in sea ice conditions and atmospheric circulation over the Southern Ocean play an important role in modulating Antarctic climate. However, observations of both sea ice and wind conditions are limited in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, both temporally and spatially, prior to the satellite era (1970 onwards). Ice core chemistry data can be used to reconstruct changes over annual, decadal, and millennial timescales. To facilitate sea ice and wind reconstructions, the CLIVASH2k (CLimate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the past 2000 years) working group has compiled a database of two species, sodium [Na+] and sulfate [SO42-], commonly measured ionic species. The database (https://doi.org/10.5285/9E0ED16E-F2AB-4372-8DF3-FDE7E388C9A7; Thomas et al., 2022) comprises records from 105 Antarctic ice cores, containing records with a maximum age duration of 2000 years. An initial filter has been applied, based on evaluation against sea ice concentration, geopotential height (500 hPa), and surface wind fields to identify sites suitable for reconstructing past sea ice conditions, wind strength, or atmospheric circulation.
Waves in SKRIPS: WAVEWATCH III coupling implementation and a case study of Tropical Cyclone Mekunu
Authors: Sun Rui , Cobb Alison , Villas Bôas Ana B. , Langodan Sabique , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Mazloff Matthew R. , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Miller Arthur J. , Pathak Raju , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In this work, we integrated the WAVEWATCH III model into the regional coupled model SKRIPS (Scripps–KAUST Regional Integrated Prediction System). The WAVEWATCH III model is implemented with flexibility, meaning the coupled system can run with or without the wave component. In our implementations, we considered the effect of Stokes drift, Langmuir turbulence, sea surface roughness, and wave-induced momentum fluxes. To demonstrate the impact of coupling we performed a case study using a series of coupled and uncoupled simulations of Tropical Cyclone Mekunu, which occurred in the Arabian Sea in May 2018. We examined the model skill in these simulations and further investigated the impact of Langmuir turbulence in the coupled system. Because of the chaotic nature of the atmosphere, we ran an ensemble of 20 members for each coupled and uncoupled experiment. We found that the characteristics of the tropical cyclone are not significantly different due to the effect of surface waves when using different parameterizations, but the coupled models better capture the minimum pressure and maximum wind speed compared with the benchmark stand-alone Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Moreover, in the region of the cold wake, when Langmuir turbulence is considered in the coupled system, the sea surface temperature is about 0.5 ∘C colder, and the mixed layer is about 20 m deeper. This indicates the ocean model is sensitive to the parameterization of Langmuir turbulence in the coupled simulations.
A comparative study between new proposed Technique (LPAM) and the other existing techniques to Find IBFS for Transportation Problem
Authors: الفرجاني علي احمد و عبدالسلام علي احمد  
Published: June 2023

Transportation model is a special case of linear programming problem in which the main objective is to transport raw material, or finished products are transported from warehouses to factories or vice-versa, at a total minimum cost. Finding an initial basic feasible solution is the basic requirement to acquire an optimal solution for the transportation problems. In this study, a new technique named (LPAM- Technique) (The Largest penalty and allocate the maximum- technique) is proposed to locate initial basic feasible solution for transportation problems. The performance of the (LPAM) is evaluated and compared with the existing techniques in the literature (NWCM, LCM, VAM, CVAM, iLCM), To clarify the statement, The the applications twenty randomly chosen an available in the literature to Obtain (IBFS) of Transportation Problem. Obtained results show by using this technique we found that (IBFS) of most of the transportation problem very close to optimal solution or same as optimal solution than using the other existing techniques which is discussed in this study, and it is observed that the performance of proposed technique is suitable for solving transportation problems.
Prosecuting Excessive Pricing of Pharmaceuticals Under Competition Law
Authors: Abbott Frederick 
Published: June 2023

Prosecution of pharmaceutical companies for excessive pricing of products under competition law is now a reality. As recently as a decade ago, such prosecutions were virtually nonexistent. That situation has changed dramatically as competition authorities in Europe and South Africa have pursued a significant number of such prosecutions and have levied substantial fines against the
investigated parties. While the United States has traditionally led in policing the pharmaceutical market against anticompetitive misconduct, in this specific arena it has fallen behind, principally because federal courts so far have refused to acknowledge excessive pricing as a cause of action under Section 2 of the Sherman Act.

In a succession of cases European competition authorities have demonstrated concretely the way in which excessive pricing prosecutions may be pursued. This article examines those cases in some detail showing the challenges that competition authorities have faced, and how they have gone about addressing them. The successes in Europe should help put to rest arguments regarding the difficulties in ascertaining how pharmaceutical products are priced, particularly for products no longer covered by patents or regulatory market exclusivity. The South African competition authority is undertaking its second major prosecution of excessive pricing of originator products. The ongoing case involves an essential anticancer medicine the pricing of which has deprived individuals in South Africa of life-saving treatment.

Methodologies for investigating and analyzing abusive pricing are being regularized. This is important because competition authorities around the world should be able to rely on generally accepted standards for pursuing misconduct. This article suggests doctrinal improvements in the form of per se baseline rules for establishing excess with respect to generics, and rule of reason balancing tests for assessing the fairness of pricing practices for originator products and generics not encompassed by per se rules. The continued evolution of excessive pricing doctrine does not depend on these improvements. More important is continuing legal, financial, and political support for the efforts of competition authorities in this area.

Patents, regulatory market exclusivity and other structural features insulate the pharmaceutical market from economic pressures that ordinarily create and recreate an equilibrium that protects consumers. For the pharmaceutical market, there must be a means to redress excessive prices in themselves. Competition law enforcement is an important tool for achieving that redress.
The Age and Origin of the Ruwai Polymetallic Skarn Deposit, Indonesia: Evidence of Cretaceous Mineralization in the Central Borneo Metallogenic Belt
Authors: Dana Cendi D.P. , Agangi Andrea , Idrus Arifudin , Chelle-Michou Cyril , Lai Chun-Kit , Ishida Mizuki , Guillong Marcel , González-Álvarez Ignacio , Takahashi Ryohei , Yano Moei , Mimura Kazuhide , Ohta Junichiro , Kato Yasuhiro , Simbolon Doly R. , Xia Xiao-Ping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Ruwai skarn deposit is the largest polymetallic skarn deposit in Borneo and is located in the Schwaner Mountains. The skarns and massive orebodies are hosted in marble of the Jurassic Ketapang Complex, which was intruded by Cretaceous Sukadana granitoids. The prograde-stage garnet and retrograde-stage titanite yielded U-Pb ages of 97.0 ± 1.8 to 94.2 ± 10.3 Ma and 96.0 ± 2.9 to 95.0 ± 2.0 Ma, respectively. These ages are similar to Re-Os ages obtained on sulfides (96.0 ± 2.3 Ma) and magnetite (99.3 ± 3.6 Ma). The U-Pb zircon ages reveal that magmatism at Ruwai occurred in three phases, including the Early Cretaceous (ca. 145.7 and 106.7–105.7 Ma; andesite-dacite), Late Cretaceous (ca. 99.7–97.1 Ma; diorite-granodiorite), and late Miocene (ca. 10.94–9.51 Ma; diorite-dolerite). Based on geochemical and stable isotopic data (C-O-S) the Ruwai skarn ores are interpreted to have formed from oxidized fluids at ca. 160 to 670°C. The ore-forming fluids and metals were mostly magmatic in origin but with significant crustal input. Ruwai skarn mineralization occurred in the Late Cretaceous, associated with Paleo-Pacific subduction beneath Sundaland after the Southwest Borneo accretion. Ruwai is the first occurrence of Cretaceous mineralization recognized in the Central Borneo metallogenic belt.
EKSISTENSI TOKOH UTAMA SEBAGAI PEREMPUAN JAWA DALAM NOVEL NAWUNG KARYA GALUH LARASATI: TINJAUAN FEMINISME EKSISTENSIALIS
Authors: Qadriani Nur Lailatulul , Ihsan St. Mutmainnah , Mustika Mustika 
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the existence of the main character as a Javanese woman in the novel Nawung by Galuh Larasati. To find out the existence of the main character, this research uses the feminist existentialist proposed by Simone De Beauvoir. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that; 1) the main character is a Javanese woman who is labeled as intellectual; 2) the main character is a Javanese woman who works, and pursues many professions; 3) the main character is a Javanese woman who achieves social transformation, becomes an agent of change in her area by establishing a mini library since childhood, establishing a school for underprivileged children, and turning her village garden into a large natural park; and 4) the main character as a Javanese woman who refuses to be someone else, but independent and free to determine her own future.
NALURI PENGARANG DALAM NOVEL SOGI KARYA FAIKA BURHAN
Authors: Qadriani Nur Lailatulul , Nurhadi Sitti Aisyah 
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to describe the form of the author's instinct revealed in the novel Sogi written by Faika Burhan. This study uses Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. This type of research is library research with descriptive qualitative method. The result of analysis showed that the author's instinct in the novel appeared through the form of the author's unconsciousness in his work. This unconsciousness is manifested through the depiction of events that occur regarding the behavioral decisions taken by the characters in Sogi novel. These behaviors are divided into two main topics, namely the life instinct and the death instinct. The life instincts found in Sogi novel are life instincts as basic needs and instincts as sexual needs. Meanwhile, the death instinct in Sogi novel is the death instinct towards oneself, the death instinct towards others (parents towards their children and children against their parents).
A study on the depression status of pediatric standardized training residents in COVID-19
Authors: Pan Yan 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To analyze the depression status of pediatric standardized training residents in COVID-19.Methods: The depression status of pediatric residents undergoing standardized training at the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University was investigated using the Self-rated Depression Scale (SDS). Statistical analysis was conducted using R version 3.5.3.Results: The prevalence of depression was found to be 66.6%. However, no significant statistical associations were observed between depression and various demographic factors, including gender, age, emotional status, educational background, possession of a professional doctor certificate, and monthly income.Conclusions: The incidence of depressive symptoms amongst pediatric residents undergoing standardized training during the COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, placing them at an elevated risk for depression.
Virtual Reality Is an Effective Tool for Learning Techniques in Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pettinelli Nicholas J. , Lee Amy Y. , Lee Michael S. , Mahatme Ronak J. , Gillinov Stephen M. , Jimenez Andrew E. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
There is a scarcity of aggregate literature reporting on the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) concerning surgical skill development within the realm of arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of VR on the training of orthopaedic surgery residents and medical students learning surgical techniques in arthroplasty.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted querying PubMed, Cochrane Trials, and Embase in September 2022. Studies were included if they involved education or training of orthopaedic surgery residents/students, used VR, and reported on outcomes measuring surgical skills related to arthroplasty. Outcomes present in a minimum of three studies underwent additional statistical analysis with forest plots.

Results:
Seven studies met inclusion criteria and included a total sample size of 148 residents/students between MS4-PGY6. Five of the seven included studies showed VR to be an effective training modality, with two studies demonstrating that VR reduced the error rate (P < 0.05). The two most reported outcomes were procedure duration and objective structured assessment of technical skills. Orthopaedic trainees using VR conducted procedures in markedly less time than control groups (SMD, −0.81 minute; 95% confidence interval, [−1.45 to −0.17 minutes]; P = 0.01). No significant difference was found comparing objective structured assessment of technical skills between VR and control groups (SMD, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, [−1.05 to 1.93]; P = 0.56).

Conclusion:
Although the extent to which VR can outright replace standard learning modalities is unclear at this time, its usefulness as a supplemental learning modality in arthroplasty, especially in the absence of available on-demand resources, may be of value. A paucity of literature exists to evaluate the effect of a longitudinal VR curriculum on direct patient care performance by orthopaedic surgery residents learning techniques in arthroplasty, necessitating additional study.
Soundscapes and the Urban Imagination of Hong Kong in the Works of Eileen Chang
Authors: Su Wenhan 
Published: June 2023

This article discusses how Eileen Chang's works express the soundscape of Hong Kong and the significance of Hong Kong to her creation from the perspective of hearing. Chang's construction of Hong Kong's image took sound and acoustic senses as important media, linking “sound” with “memory”. Significant soundscapes can be divided into three categories, including the ‘city sounds’ of Hong Kong, the sounds of bombing in war, and the incomplete silence. The construction of soundscape implied the author’s psychological trauma and historical memory, and the aural experience ultimately fitted the “bleakness” theme of Eileen Chang’s creation, reflecting her personal view and understanding of the troubled world and life when she started writing in Hong Kong, a threshold space between civilization and barbarism, where cultures mingle.
La reparación integral y las prácticas judiciales en delitos de violación en la ciudad de Cuenca
Authors: Pelchor-Castro Christian Andrés , Arévalo-Vásquez Carmen Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

Resumen
La reparación integral, es un derecho de las víctimas en los procesos penales que incluye la atención integral y oportuna de estas, se origina del derecho penal internacional donde se reparaba a las víctimas de crímenes de lesa humanidad, este derecho abarca varios mecanismos que permiten que la víctima sea reparada en función del daño; el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la reparación integral y las prácticas judiciales en delitos de violación en la ciudad de Cuenca; la metodología utilizada en esta investigación se basó en un enfoque de tipo cualitativo debido a que a través del análisis de sentencias penales proporcionadas por el Consejo de la Judicatura del Azuay, se determinó el incumplimiento de este derecho, considerando aspectos como condena, reparación, formas de ejecución etc. Es decir, el derecho a la reparación integral no se cumple de forma estricta acorde a la normativa penal, puesto que no se especifica cómo serán cumplidos estos mecanismos de reparación, los mismos que se encuentran muy limitados o se basan en compensaciones económicas que no satisfacen a la víctima, debido a que, de siete sentencias analizadas, en cuatro de ellas no se les brinda el apoyo y seguimiento oportuno que deberían tener las víctimas por este delito. Finalmente, es necesario que los jueces al momento de dictaminar una reparación establezcan mecanismos eficaces que propendan a que las víctimas tengan la posibilidad de continuar con su proyecto de vida como si nunca hubiesen sido violentadas en ninguno de sus derechos.
UPAYA PEMASARAN ORASAWA RESTO DI KABUPATEN GORONTALO DALAM MEMBANGUN BRAND IMAGE PELANGGAN
Authors: Fauzan Basalama  , Meilinda Lestari Modjo  , Anugrah Krishna , Poppy Arnold Kadir  
Published: June 2023

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Online Purchase Intention on Halal Cosmetic Products in Indonesia
Authors: Hayu Rina Suthia , Angelia Monisa , Widanti Afrima , Fiona Febzi 
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research is for finding the influence of online customer review and rating toward online purchase intention on halal cosmetic in Indonesia. This research also for finding the mediating role of trust on online customer review and rating toward online purchase intention this research is descriptive research which is used quantitative approach. This study uses questionnaire to collect data. The number of respondents in this study was 200 consumers of halal cosmetic in Indonesia taken by accidental sampling method. The data analysis used partial least square (PLS) analysis. The findings of this study are: (1) Online customer reviews have a positive and significant effect on trust; (2) Customer rating has a positive and significant effect on trust; (3) Trust has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention; (4) Trust has a mediating role on the influence of online customer reviews on purchase intention of halal cosmetic products; and (5) Trust mediates between customer rating on purchase intention of halal cosmetic product. The mediating effect of trust is partially mediated. This means that online customer review and customer rating has a positive and significant direct influence on online purchase intention without being mediated by trust.