bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum zinc and periodontitis in non‐diabetic smoking and non‐smoking adults: NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Zhou Fangjing , Yao Shixin , Shan Fanxiu , Zhou Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association of serum zinc with periodontitis in non‐diabetics based on smoking status, using a representative sample of adults in the United States.MethodsA total of 1051 participants who underwent full‐mouth periodontal examination and serum zinc testing were enrolled from NHANES 2011 to 2014. The covariate‐adjusted association of serum zinc concentrations with periodontitis was explored using multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spines, and sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe mean age of the 1051 adults was 54.5 years, 59.37% were male, and 20.65% had periodontitis. Analysis of the results showed that serum zinc was associated with periodontitis. The overall adjusted odds of periodontitis were 9% (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–1.00) and 14% (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75–0.98) for nonsmokers and smokers, respectively. Smokers with T3 serum zinc exhibited a 53% reduction in the fully adjusted odds of periodontitis (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23–0.96), when compared to the reference group (T1 serum zinc), with serum zinc as the categorical variable.ConclusionsSerum zinc levels were associated with the risk of periodontitis in non‐diabetic smokers but not non‐smokers.
Destigmatizing the Exegetical Attribution of Lies: The Case of Kant
Authors: Proops Ian , Sorensen Roy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCharitable interpreters of David Hume set aside his sprinkles of piety. Better to read him as lying than as clumsily inconsistent. We argue that the attribution of lies can pay dividends in historical scholarship no matter how strongly the theorist condemns lying. Accordingly, we show that our approach works even with one of the strongest condemners of lying: Immanuel Kant. We argue that Kant lied in his scholarly work and even in the first Critique. And we defend the claim that this lie attribution, strange as it may sound, amounts to a kind of scholarly charity.
Learning‐based encoded target detection on iteratively orthorectified images for accurate fisheye calibration
Authors: Dong Haonan , Yao Jian , Gong Ye , Li Li , Cao Shaosheng , Li Yuxuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFisheye camera calibration is an essential task in photogrammetry. However, previous calibration patterns and the robustness of the adjoint processing methods are limited due to the fisheye distortion and various lighting. This problem leads to additional manual intervention in the data collection. Moreover, it is arduous to accurately detect the board target under fisheye's distortion. To increase the robustness in this task, we present a novel encoded board “Meta‐Board” and a learning‐based target detection method. Additionally, an automatic image orthorectification is integrated to alleviate the distortion effect on the target iteratively until convergence. A low‐cost control field with the proposed boards is built for the experiment. Results on both virtual and real camera lenses and multi‐camera rigs show that our method can be robustly used in calibrating the fisheye camera and reaches state‐of‐the‐art accuracy.
A decrease of mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase increases the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 by dermal fibroblasts through the induction ofERstress
Authors: Katsuyama Yushi , Okano Yuri , Masaki Hitoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported that the level of mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL) protein in fibroblasts was decreased by UVA and that the knock‐down (KD) of MITOL increased the secretion of matrix metalloprotease‐1 (MMP‐1) by fibroblasts. A recent study reported that MITOL suppresses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by stabilizing the interaction between ER and mitochondria (MT) through the ubiquitination of mitofusin 2. These facts suggest that a decrease of MITOL would increase the secretion of MMP‐1 through ER stress, but the detailed mechanism of that process in dermal fibroblasts remains unclear. Thus, this study was conducted to clarify the involvement of ER stress in the oversecretion of MMP‐1 induced by the decreased MT quality caused by MITOL‐KD.MethodsMITOL‐KD normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDFs) were prepared by treating them with MITOL‐small interfering RNA, after which their MMP‐1 protein levels were measured. ER stress in NHDFs was evaluated by measuring the mRNA levels of spliced X‐box binding protein 1 (sXBP1) and the protein levels of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α).ResultsMITOL‐KD NHDFs enhanced the secretion of MMP‐1 via interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) elicited by the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB). The secretion of MMP‐1 could be abrogated by a neutralizing IL‐6 antibody and by JSH23, which is an inhibitor of NF‐κB activation. Furthermore, MITOL‐KD NHDFs as well as UVA‐irradiated NHDFs showed increased ER stress levels. In addition, tunicamycin, which is an inducer of ER stress, also increased MMP‐1 secretion.ConclusionThese results suggested that the decrease of MITOL caused the oversecretion of MMP‐1 via NF‐κB‐IL‐6 signaling through the activation of ER stress in fibroblasts.
Inflammatory responses during trichomoniasis: The role of Toll‐like receptors and inflammasomes
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Nemati Maryam , Salarkia Ehsan , Yadav Sonal , Aminizadeh Najmeh , Jafarzadeh Sara , Yadav Manisha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes belong to the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of innate immunity identifying conserved compounds produced by pathogens or discharged by injured cells. Different cell subsets in the human urogenital system, such as epithelial cells and infiltrating leukocytes, express different kinds of TLRs (such as TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9) as well as inflammasomes (such as NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2). Various types of theTrichomonas vaginalis‐derived components such as glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol (GPI),T. vaginalis virus(TVV), Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and flagellin can be recognized by TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR5, respectively, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cervicovaginal mucosa. TheT. vaginalis‐induced inflammasomes can lead to pyroptosis as well as the release of IL‐1β and IL‐18 promoting innate and adaptive immune responses. The PRR‐mediated responses toT. vaginalismay contribute to the induction of protective immune responses, local inflammation, promotion of co‐infections, or even the development of malignancies, for example, prostate cancer. The protective or pathogenic roles of the TLRs and inflammasomes during trichomoniasis are highlighted in this review. A better understanding of PRR‐mediated responses provides invaluable insights to develop effective immunotherapeutic strategies againstT. vaginalisinfection.
The clinical performance and population health impact of birthweight‐for‐gestational age indices at term gestation
Authors: John Sid , Joseph K. S. , Fahey John , Liu Shiliang , Kramer Michael S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe assessment of birthweight for gestational age and the identification of small‐ and large‐for‐gestational age (SGA and LGA) infants remain contentious, despite the recent creation of the Intergrowth 21st Project and World Health Organisation (WHO) birthweight‐for‐gestational age standards.ObjectiveWe carried out a study to identify birthweight‐for‐gestational age cut‐offs, and corresponding population‐based, Intergrowth 21st and WHO centiles associated with higher risks of adverse neonatal outcomes, and to evaluate their ability to predict serious neonatal morbidity and neonatal mortality (SNMM) at term gestation.MethodsThe study population was based on non‐anomalous, singleton live births between 37 and 41 weeks' gestation in the United States from 2003 to 2017. SNMM included 5‐min Apgar score <4, neonatal seizures, need for assisted ventilation, and neonatal death. Birthweight‐specific SNMM was modelled by gestational week using penalised B‐splines. The birthweights at which SNMM odds were minimised (and higher by 10%, 50% and 100%) were estimated, and the corresponding population, Intergrowth 21st, and WHO centiles were identified. The clinical performance and population impact of these cut‐offs for predicting SNMM were evaluated.ResultsThe study included 40,179,663 live births and 991,486 SNMM cases. Among female singletons at 39 weeks' gestation, SNMM odds was lowest at 3203 g birthweight, and 10% higher at 2835 g and 3685 g (population centiles 11th and 82nd, Intergrowth centiles 17th and 88th and WHO centiles 15th and 85th). Birthweight cut‐offs were poor predictors of SNMM, for example, the cut‐offs associated with 10% and 50% higher odds of SNMM among female singletons at 39 weeks' gestation resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, and population attributable fraction of 12.5%, 89.4%, and 2.1%, and 2.9%, 98.4% and 1.3%, respectively.ConclusionsReference‐ and standard‐based birthweight‐for‐gestational age indices and centiles perform poorly for predicting adverse neonatal outcomes in individual infants, and their associated population impact is also small.
Effect of theGnRHstimulation test on Canine Prostatic‐Specific Esterase (CPSE)
Authors: Ferré‐Dolcet Lluis , Pisu Maria Carmela , Attard Simona , Romagnoli Stefano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test is used to investigate testicular production of testosterone (T) when performing a breeding soundness examination. In male dogs with fertility problems, the prostate should also be investigated as prostatic conditions may frequently lower semen quality. Serum concentrations of canine prostatic‐specific esterase (CPSE) increase in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). When performing a breeding soundness examination in a male dog, GnRH administration is frequently done at the beginning of the process and then both T and CPSE are assayed on the same serum sample collected 1 h following the GnRH injection. The aim of this study was to assess whether or not the administration of GnRH may alter CPSE concentrations in dogs with a healthy prostate. Twenty‐eight client‐owned intact adult male dogs were included in the study. Following a 7‐day sexual rest all male dogs underwent a clinical examination and an ultrasonographic examination of the prostatic gland. Prostatic size and parenchyma of every tested dog were evaluated by ultrasonography to assess prostatic conditions. Two different GnRH stimulation protocols were used,A = gonadorelin 50μg/dog SC (n = 15) andB = buserelin 0.12 μg/kg IV (n = 13). T and CPSE concentrations were measured before and 1 h after GnRH administration by a laser‐induced fluorescence analysis. Buserelin and gonadorelin were equally effective in causing a significant increase in serum T concentrations in the post GnRH sample. When considering the 28 dogs together, CPSE concentrations did not change following the stimulation test with either GnRH compound; however, in 4/28 cases, the post GnRH value was markedly increased to values compatible with a diagnosis of BPH. There was no difference in the action of buserelin or gonadorelin in causing an increase in serum T concentrations. CPSE secretion was increased in approximately 15% of dogs treated with either buserelin or gonadorelin. Therefore, whenever performing diagnostic testing in intact male dogs, CPSE should not be assayed on a post‐GnRH serum sample.
The logic of regulatory impact assessment: From evidence to evidential reasoning
Authors: Rantala Kati , Alasuutari Noora , Kuorikoski Jaakko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAgencies involved in generating regulatory policies promote evidence‐based regulatory impact assessments (RIAs) to improve the predictability of regulation and develop informed policy. Here, we analyze the epistemic foundations of RIAs. We frame RIA as reasoning that connects various types of knowledge to inferences about the future. Drawing on Stephen Toulmin's model of argumentation, we situate deductive and inductive reasoning steps within a schema we call the impact argument. This approach helps us identify inherent uncertainties in RIAs, and their location in different types of reasoning. We illustrate the theoretical section with impact assessments of two recent legislative proposals produced by the European Commission. We argue that the concept of “evidence‐based regulatory impact assessment” is misleading and should be based on the notion of “regulatory impact assessment as evidential reasoning,” which better recognizes its processual and argumentative nature.
How are emotions and beliefs expressed in legislative testimonies? An advocacy coalition approach
Authors: Gabehart Kayla M. , Fullerton Allegra H. , Crawford Anna M. , Weible Christopher M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile emotions are an inherent component of the human experience that influence behavior, values, and beliefs, they have largely been left out of policy process studies theoretically and methodologically. Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), with its focus on how individuals coalesce into coalitions around a set of common beliefs, we begin to situate emotions as a critical component of belief systems and discourse about public policies. This study analyzes legislative testimony from four policies debated during the 2021 Colorado Legislative Session using discourse analysis to identify the emotions and coalitional beliefs. We find that policy actors express emotions and beliefs similarly to other policy actors in the same coalition and differently from policy actors in the opposing coalition. We conclude this paper by discussing the theoretical and methodological contributions of including emotions in the ACF. The move to incorporate the analysis of emotional expressions, and hence the study of affect, into the ACF mirrors the ongoing incorporation of how people feel in politics and not just how they think.
Comparison of theTONOVETPlus®, TonoVet®, and Tono‐Pen Vet™ tonometers in normal cats and cats with glaucoma
Authors: Kiland Julie A. , Terhaar Hannah M. , Walleck Hannah E. , Chen Nickolas , McDaniel Kyle , McLellan Gillian J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the accuracy, precision, and clinical applicability of the ICare® TONOVET Plus (TVP) in cats.Animals and ProceduresIOP readings obtained with the TVP were compared to values obtained concurrently with the original TONOVET (TV01) and Tono‐Pen Vet™ (TP) in 12 normal cats (24 eyes) and 8 glaucomatousLTBP2‐mutant cats (13 eyes) in vivo. Reproducibility of TVP readings was also assessed for three observers in the above cats. The anterior chambers of five different normal cat eyes were cannulated ex vivo. IOP was measured with the TVP, TV01, and TP at manometric IOPs ranging from 5 to 70 mmHg. Data were analyzed by linear regression, ANOVA and Bland–Altman plots. ANOVA was used to assess reproducibility of TVP readings obtained by different observers and an ANCOVA model controlled for variation of individual cats.p < .05 was considered significant.ResultsTVP values strongly correlated with TV01 values (y = 1.045x + 1.443,R2 = .9667). The TP significantly underestimated IOP relative to the TVP and TV01, particularly at high IOP. IOP values obtained by 1 observer were significantly higher (~1 mmHg average) compared to the other 2 observers via ANCOVA analysis (p = .0006479 andp = .0203). Relative to manometry, the TVP and TV01 were significantly more accurate (p < .0001) and precise (p < .0070) than the TP in ex vivo eyes.ConclusionsIOP readings obtained with the TVP and TV01 are broadly interchangeable between models and between observers, but subtle differences may be important in a research context. TP readings vastly underestimate high IOP in feline glaucoma.
Effect of Flow Resistance of Floating-Type Check Valves on Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Oscillating Heat Pipe
Authors: Ando Makiko , Okamoto Atsushi , Nagai Hiroki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An oscillating heat pipe with check valves (CVOHP) is an attractive heat transfer device for future spacecraft with considerable heat dissipation and ground applications. This study aims to clarify the effect of the flow resistance of floating-type check valves on the heat transfer characteristics of the CVOHP using a one-dimensional slug flow model, which simulates the five-turn CVOHP used in the on-orbit experiment by the authors. The numerical simulations were conducted for different flow resistances, positions, and numbers of check valves. The results showed that the thermal resistance of the CVOHP increases with the flow resistance of the check valves, while there is no significant effect on the startup characteristics. The thermal resistance increased by more than 100% in the worst case, and the recommended flow resistance coefficient of the check valve was below 100 in this study for high thermal performance. The thermal resistance increases with an increasing number of high-resistance check valves but is less affected by the position of the valve. Additionally, the higher the heat input, the greater the effect of the flow resistance of the check valves. According to the findings in this study, it is necessary to control the flow resistance of the floating-type check valves at a low level for the high thermal performance of a CVOHP.
A mutation in the coronavirus nsp13-helicase impairs enzymatic activity and confers partial remdesivir resistance
Authors: Grimes Samantha L. , Choi Young J. , Banerjee Anoosha , Small Gabriel , Anderson-Daniels Jordan , Gribble Jennifer , Pruijssers Andrea J. , Agostini Maria L. , Abu-Shmais Alexandra , Lu Xiaotao , Darst Seth A. , Campbell Elizabeth , Denison Mark R. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses (CoVs) encode nonstructural proteins 1–16 (nsps 1–16) which form replicase complexes that mediate viral RNA synthesis. Remdesivir (RDV) is an adenosine nucleoside analog antiviral that inhibits CoV RNA synthesis. RDV resistance mutations have been reported only in the nonstructural protein 12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12-RdRp). We here show that a substitution mutation in the nsp13-helicase (nsp13-HEL A335V) of the betacoronavirus murine hepatitis virus (MHV) that was selected during passage with the RDV parent compound confers partial RDV resistance independently and additively when expressed with co-selected RDV resistance mutations in the nsp12-RdRp. The MHV A335V substitution did not enhance replication or competitive fitness compared to WT MHV and remained sensitive to the active form of the cytidine nucleoside analog antiviral molnupiravir (MOV). Biochemical analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 helicase encoding the homologous substitution (A336V) demonstrates that the mutant protein retained the ability to associate with the core replication proteins nsps 7, 8, and 12 but had impaired helicase unwinding and ATPase activity. Together, these data identify a novel determinant of nsp13-HEL enzymatic activity, define a new genetic pathway for RDV resistance, and demonstrate the importance of surveillance for and testing of helicase mutations that arise in SARS-CoV-2 genomes.

IMPORTANCE
Despite the development of effective vaccines against COVID-19, the continued circulation and emergence of new variants support the need for antivirals such as RDV. Understanding pathways of antiviral resistance is essential for surveillance of emerging variants, development of combination therapies, and for identifying potential new targets for viral inhibition. We here show a novel RDV resistance mutation in the CoV helicase also impairs helicase functions, supporting the importance of studying the individual and cooperative functions of the replicase nonstructural proteins 7–16 during CoV RNA synthesis. The homologous nsp13-HEL mutation (A336V) has been reported in the GISAID database of SARS-CoV-2 genomes, highlighting the importance of surveillance of and genetic testing for nucleoside analog resistance in the helicase.
Single-spore germination analyses reveal that calcium released during
Clostridioides difficile
germination functions in a feedforward loop
Authors: Ribis John W. , Melo Luana , Shrestha Shailab , Giacalone David , Rodriguez Enrique E. , Shen Aimee , Rohlfing Amy 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Clostridioides difficile
infections begin when its metabolically dormant spores germinate in response to sensing bile acid germinants alongside amino acid and divalent cation co-germinants in the small intestine. While bile acid germinants are essential for
C. difficile
spore germination, it is currently unclear whether both co-germinant signals are required. One model proposes that divalent cations, particularly Ca
2+
, are essential for inducing germination, while another proposes that either co-germinant class can induce germination. The former model is based on the finding that spores defective in releasing large stores of internal Ca
2+
in the form of calcium dipicolinic acid (CaDPA) cannot germinate when germination is induced with bile acid germinant and amino acid co-germinant alone. However, since the reduced optical density of CaDPA-less spores makes it difficult to accurately measure their germination, we developed a novel automated, time-lapse microscopy-based germination assay to analyze CaDPA mutant germination at the single-spore level. Using this assay, we found that CaDPA mutant spores germinate in the presence of amino acid co-germinant and bile acid germinant. Higher levels of amino acid co-germinants are nevertheless required to induce CaDPA mutant spores to germinate relative to WT spores because CaDPA released by WT spores during germination can function in a feedforward loop to potentiate the germination of other spores within the population. Collectively, these data indicate that Ca
2+
is not essential for inducing
C. difficile
spore germination because amino acid and Ca
2+
co-germinant signals are sensed by parallel signaling pathways.

IMPORTANCE

Clostridioides difficile
spore germination is essential for this major nosocomial pathogen to initiate infection.
C. difficile
spores germinate in response to sensing bile acid germinant signals alongside co-germinant signals. There are two classes of co-germinant signals: Ca
2+
and amino acids. Prior work suggested that Ca
2+
is essential for
C. difficile
spore germination based on bulk population analyses of germinating CaDPA mutant spores. Since these assays rely on optical density to measure spore germination and the optical density of CaDPA mutant spores is reduced relative to WT spores, this bulk assay is limited in its capacity to analyze germination. To overcome this limitation, we developed an automated image analysis pipeline to monitor
C. difficile
spore germination using time-lapse microscopy. With this analysis pipeline, we demonstrate that, although Ca
2+
is dispensable for inducing
C. difficile
spore germination, CaDPA can function in a feedforward loop to potentiate the germination of neighboring spores.
Comparative Analysis of the Morphological Diversity Structure of Altai Osmans of the Genus Oreoleuciscus (Cyprinidae) in the Riverine Populations of Three Mongolian Water Systems
Authors: Mironovsky A. N. , Slynko E. E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Analysis of the structure of the morphological diversity of the Altai osmans of the genus Oreoleuciscus in the Urt River (water system of the Tes River) indicates that this is a polymorphic population, consisting of three forms, clearly differentiated by a set of characters. The ratio of differences between these forms and forms previously identified in the Zavkhan (water system of the Great Lakes Hollow) and Tuin (water system of the Lake Valley) rivers suggests that the characters considered in the study are adaptively plastic, and the revealed structure of the morphological diversity of the genus is mostly determined by local patterns of environmental conditions.