bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of gas production rate from shale gas reservoirs using a micro–macro analysis
Authors: Lin Dantong , Zhang Di , Zhang Xinghao , Goncalves da Silva Bruno M. , Hu Liming , Meegoda Jay N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractShale gas has become one of the important contributors to the global energy supply. The declining pattern of the gas production rate with time from an unconventional gas reservoir is due to the depletion of shale gas stored in the nanovoids of the shale formation. However, there are only limited ways to predict the variation of the gas production rate with time from an unconventional gas reservoir. This is due to the multiple transport mechanisms of gas in nano-scale pores and changes in shale gas permeability with pressures in nano-scale pores, which is impacted by the pore structure of the shale. In this study, the permeability-pressure (K-p) relationship for different shales (Eagle Ford, Haynesville, Longmaxi and Opalinus) were determined using an equivalent anisotropic pore network model (PNM). This PNM has REV-scale shale gas flow in randomly generated nanovoids and their connection in the shale matrix, and the multiphase flow of shale gas including viscous flow, slip flow and Knudsen diffusion. These predictedK-pcorrelations were then used in a finite element model (FEM) to predict the variation of the gas production rate with time (flux-time curves) at the macroscale. The simulation results show that the flux-time curves can be simplified to two linear segments in logarithmic coordinates, which are influenced by the fracture length and initial gas pressure. The predicted results using the PNM-FEM were validated by comparing them with the reported field test data. The method described in this study can be used to upscale the gas transport process from micro- to macroscale, which can provide a predictive tool for the gas production in shales.
Implication of high variance in germplasm characteristics
Authors: Yu Ju-Kyung , Chang Sungyul , Han Gyung Deok , Kim Seong-Hoon , Ahn Jinhyun , Park Jieun , Kim Yoonha , Kim Jaeyoung , Chung Yong Suk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe beauty of conserving germplasm is the securement of genetic resources with numerous important traits, which could be utilized whenever they need to be incorporated into current cultivars. However, it would not be as useful as expected if the proper information was not given to breeders and researchers. In this study, we demonstrated that there is a large variation, both among and within germplasm, using a low-cost image-based phenotyping method; this could be valuable for improving gene banks’ screening systems and for crop breeding. Using the image analyses of 507 accessions of buckwheat, we identified a wide range of variations per trait between germplasm accessions and within an accession. Since this implies a similarity with other important agronomic traits, we suggest that the variance of the presented traits should be checked and provided for better germplasm enhancement.
Infrared He I 10830 Å, ultra-violet Ca II, and Mg II chromosphere emissions in the spectra of classical Cepheid X Cyg
Authors: Andrievsky S. M. , Kovtyukh V. V. , Korotin S. A. 
Published: January 2023

Aims. In a previous publication, we reported the first detection of emission in the infrared (IR) triplet at 10 830 Å in the spectra of the classical Cepheid X Cyg. Emission is detectable at phases from approximately 0.25 to 0.90. We present and discuss further information on the chromosphere activity of this star, namely International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) archive data concerning the emission in the h and k Mg II doublet, and near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectra in the vicinity of the H and K Ca II doublet. We also present rough estimates of the chromosphere conditions and semi-empirical modelling of the observed emissions in He I triplet.
Methods. A study of the emissions in UV lines of Ca II and Mg II, and IR lines of He I suggests that the emissions observed at certain phases can be explained within the framework of the Gillet's phenomenological model of shock waves in pulsating atmospheres, which was developed from a study of the Hα behaviour in X Cyg spectra. We used the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) approximation and a simple model of this star's chromosphere for the analysis of the chromosphere indicator profiles.
Results. We show that under certain assumptions about the properties of the chromosphere, it is possible to describe the presence or absence of emission in the IR lines of He I and Ca II, and UV lines of Ca II and Mg II.
Der heterodigitale neurovaskuläre Insellappen nach Littler:
Zur Erstautorenschaft sowie eigene Erfahrungen
Authors: Fritsche Elmar , Giesen Thomas , Hug Urs 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit klärt den Anspruch auf die Urheberschaft der
Erstbeschreibung des heterodigitalen neurovaskulären Insellappens,
stellt beschriebene Varianten vor und präsentiert eine Serie von 15
Fällen mit klinischen Beispielen.
The efficacy of 2-formyl benzoic acid in reactivating diazinon
inhibited murine cholinesterase
Authors: Farhat Humayun , Zabihi Ebrahim , Alibabaei-Omran Fatemeh , Mohammadi-Khanaposhti Maryam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOximes, as classical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators, have some
pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics disadvantages. During the synthesis of
non-oxime compounds, we encountered the compound 2-formylbenzoic acid (2-FBA)
with promising in vitro and in vivo cholinesterase (ChE) reactivating properties
in the acute exposure to diazinon (DZN). For in vitro experiments, the healthy
mice serum and brain homogenate were freshly prepared and exposed to DZN
(160 µg/mL). After 10 minutes, 2-FBA was added
to the poisoned samples, and ChE activity was measured afterward. For the in
vivo assay, the mice were poisoned with DZN subcutaneous (SC) injection
(50 mg/kg), and after 1 hour, either 2-FBA or
Pralidoxime (2-PAM) was injected intravenously (IV). After 3 h, ChE
activity was measured in the serum and brain homogenate samples. The LD50 (IV)
for 2-FBA in mice was measured as well. 2-FBA effectively reactivated the
inhibited ChE in serum and brain homogenate samples in vitro. In the in vivo
experiments, while 2-FBA could significantly reactivate the brain ChE even
better than 2-PAM, they failed to reactivate the serum ChE by single IV
injection. LD50 of 2-FBA was calculated to be 963 mg/kg. There
were no general toxicity signs in any treatment groups. The in silico
results support the potential ability of 2-FBA efficacy via possibly Witting
reaction mechanism. Our findings indicate that 2-FBA seems to be a suitable
non-oxime candidate for AChE reactivation with minimal side effects. Further
toxicokinetic studies on this compound are strongly recommended to be performed
before conducting the clinical trial in humans.
Adverse events unlikely after fine-needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules in patients on low-dose aspirin: a prospective controlled systematic single center analysis
Authors: Cordes Michael , Götz Theresa Ida , Kuwert Torsten , Schmidkonz Christian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aim Our aim was to test the assertion that in terms of rate or severity level, adverse events (AEs) after fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of thyroid nodules are unfazed by daily low-dose (100 mg) aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) intake.
Methods We selected 268 patients for study, grouped as ASA-treated (PASA, n=78) or control (PCtrl, n=190) subjects. Controls received no antithrombotic medication. AE rates and severities were then analyzed based on patient- and nodule-related factors. We also compared group rates of non-diagnostic cytology results.
Results AEs arising after FNABs (PASA, 5%; PCtrl, 8%) did not differ significantly by group in rate (p=0.4873) or severity level (p=0.3399). All were classifiable as minor incidents, none warranting any intervention.
Conclusions The data from the present study suggest, AEs after FNABs of thyroid nodules seldom occur and qualify as minor incidents. Such procedures may be safely conducted in patients taking daily low-dose ASA. There is no evidence to support preemptive therapeutic withdrawal.
Diagnostic value of FDG-PET/CT in the diagnostic work-up of inflammation of unknown origin
Authors: Knappe Luisa Maria , Verburg Frederik Anton , Giovanella Luca , Luster Markus , Librizzi Damiano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroduction The present study aims to evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of FDG-PET/CT in patients with inflammation of unknown origin. Material and methods We retrospectively analyzed data of 130 patients who presented general inflammatory symptoms and/or elevated level of CRP and underwent FDG-PET/CT for the purpose of identifying unknown foci of inflammation. The accuracy of PET/CT findings was assessed against the standard of eventual clinical diagnosis e.g. results of pathology, microbiology or other imaging methods. Results In 99/130 patients (76 %) a final diagnosis was established, FDG-PET/CT showed a sensitivity and specificity of each 93 %. A decreased pseudocholinesterase is associated with a higher SUVmax value and with a higher CRP value whereas no significant relationship was found between elevated CRP values and the SUVmax, although higher CRP values are associated significantly with a true positive PET/CT result. Conclusion FDG-PET/CT is a highly sensitive, specific and accurate method for the detection of foci of inflammation of unknown origin. The combination of decreased pseudocholinesterase and increased CRP levels may be a useful tool to select patients for FDG PET/CT.
Automatic Identification of Self-Reported COVID-19 Vaccine Information from Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System
Authors: Patel Jay S. , Zhan Sonya , Siddiqui Zasim , Dzomba Bari , Wu Huanmei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background The short time frame between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic declaration and the vaccines authorization led to concerns among public regarding the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. The Food and Drug Administration uses the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) where general population can report their vaccine side effects in the text box. This information could be utilized to determine self-reported vaccine side effects.
Objective To develop a supervised and unsupervised natural language processing (NLP) pipeline to extract self-reported COVID-19 vaccination side effects, location of the side effects, medications, and possibly false/misinformation seeking further investigation in a structured format for analysis and reporting.
Methods We utilized the VAERS dataset of COVID-19 vaccine reports from November 2020 to August 2022 of 725,246 individuals. We first developed a gold-standard (GS) dataset of randomly selected 1,500 records. Second, the GS was split into training, testing, and validation sets. The training dataset was used to develop the NLP applications (supervised and unsupervised) and testing and validation datasets were used to test the performances of the NLP application.
Results The NLP application automatically extracted vaccine side effects, body locations of the side effects, medication, and possibly misinformation with moderate to high accuracy (84% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and 83% F-1 measure). We found that 23% people (386,270) faced arm soreness, 31% body swelling (226,208), 23% fatigue/body weakness (168,160), and 22% (159,873) cold/flue-like symptoms. Most of the complications occurred in the body locations such as the arm, back, chest, neck, face, and head. Over-the-counter pain medications such as Tylenol and Ibuprofen and allergy medication like Benadryl were most reported self-reported medications. Death due to COVID-19, changes in the DNA, and infertility were possible false/misinformation reported by people.
Conclusion Some self-reported side effects such as syncope, arthralgia, and blood clotting need further clinical investigations. Our NLP application may help in extracting information from big free-text electronic datasets to help policy makers and other researchers with decision making.
Two-dimensional stable lattice Boltzmann simulation of turbulent flow in wavy walled channel
Authors: Habib Riffat , Khan Tahir Saeed , Ahmad Zubair , Khan Muhammad Saad , Bonyah Ebenezer 
Published: January 2023

In recent years, the lattice Boltzmann equation has developed into a promising technique for computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) approach is derived from the Boltzmann equation and kinetic theory, as opposed to the standard CFD methods that are based on direct discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations. In this paper, Newtonian flow passing through a wavy walled channel has been examined for laminar to turbulent transition by using the LBM. The simple LBM for this problem becomes unstable as the Reynolds number increases and the laminar to turbulent transition begins. When Ehrenfest’s limiters are introduced in the LBM, the simulation becomes stable for higher Reynolds numbers. Two types of channel geometries are studied here, the channel walls of relatively small amplitude and channel walls of large amplitude. Our findings are that for large amplitude channel walls, flow becomes unsteady for lower Reynolds numbers as compared to that for small amplitude channel walls. For large amplitude walls, the vortices formed exhibit periodic shedding inside the channel furrows and remain there. For small amplitude walls, the vortex shedding starts downstream of the channel. The present LBM variant is able to simulate small amplitude channel flow for a Reynolds number Re = 800 and large amplitude channel flow for a Reynolds number R = 570.
Rice (Oryza sativa) alleviates photosynthesis and yield loss by limiting specific leaf weight under low light intensity
Authors: Saha Shoumik , Purkayastha Shampa , K Nimitha , Ganguly Sebantee , Das Subhadeep , Ganguly Shamba , Sinha Mahapatra Nilanjan , Bhattacharya Kriti , Das Dibakar , Saha Arup K. , Biswas Tirthankar , Bhattacharyya Prabir K. , Bhattacharyya Somnath 
Published: January 2023

The physiological mechanisms of shade tolerance and trait plasticity variations under shade remain poorly understood in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Twenty-five genotypes of rice were evaluated under open and shade conditions. Various parameters to identify variations in the plasticity of these traits in growth irradiance were measured. We found wide variations in specific leaf weight (SLW) and net assimilation rate measured at 400 µmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; referred to as A400) among the genotypes. Under shade, tolerant genotypes maintained a high rate of net photosynthesis by limiting specific leaf weight accompanied by increased intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) compared with open-grown plants. On average, net photosynthesis was enhanced by 20% under shade, with a range of 2–30%. Increased accumulation of biomass under shade was observed, but it showed no correlation with photosynthetic plasticity. Chlorophyll a/b ratio also showed no association with photosynthetic rate and yield. Analysis of variance showed that 11%, 16%, and 37% of the total variance of A400, SLW, and Ci were explained due to differences in growth irradiance. SLW and A400 plasticity in growth irradiance was associated with yield loss alleviation with R2 values of 0.37 and 0.16, respectively. Biomass accumulation was associated with yield loss alleviation under shade, but no correlation was observed between A400 and leaf-N concentration. Thus, limiting specific leaf weight accompanied by increased Ci rather than leaf nitrogen concentration might have allowed rice genotypes to maintain a high net photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area and high yield under shade.
Metaphors and metonymies in the multimodal discourse of whaling
Authors: Yuan Xiaoben 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Metaphors and metonymies are considered complex phenomena dependent on various factors. This paper looks at genre
(as one of the many factors) to verify to what extent the subjective descriptions of a highly controversial and complex social
topic such as whaling can be driven by discourse type. The whaling discourse was chosen because antiwhaling activist NGOs’ have
had great success with their extensive social campaigns worldwide, while it is a highly controversial and politically charged
topic. These unique features resulted in the emergence of advertising and political cartoons. By examining the similarities and
differences between metaphors, metonymies, and other meaning-making tropes such as irony and hyperbole, the observed difference
concerns both the intention behind the selection of source domains and a preference for favoring certain evaluative metaphorical
expressions in one genre as opposed to another to have a distinct impact on its intended audience.
Alfabeto para o fim do mundo
Authors: Senos Filipe , Pereira Paulo Alexandre 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this article we focus on the multimodal novel, a genre category with virtually no tradition in Portuguese
literary theory and criticism. By exploring multiple strategies of plurissemiotic convergence, multimodal narratives aren’t
restricted to verbal expression, as conventionally associated with literary fiction, but creatively resort to different modes
and/or media, which synergistically cooperate with the printed word in the production of literary meaning. In the light of the
theoretical framework laid down by the thriving field of multimodal narratology, we propose a reading of Hífen
(2021), the latest novel by Portuguese writer Patrícia Portela, undoubtedly one of the contemporary novelists in whose fiction
multissemiotic cross-fertilization is more blatantly explored.
Searching for alignment-to-orientation conversion in the ground state of atomic Cs with circularly polarized laser probe
Authors: Mozers Arturs , Busaite Laima , Osite Dace , Gahbauer Florian , Auzinsh Marcis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study we explored the possibilities for observing the angular momentum alignment-to-orientation conversion (AOC) in the ground state of various alkali metals: K, Rb, Cs. For theoretical analysis we used a model that is based on the Optical Bloch equations for the density matrix. In our model we took into account the interaction of the laser light with all hyperfine levels, which are mixed as the magnetic field increases. The radiation’s coherence properties were also included. Finally, the results were averaged over the Doppler profile. Additionally we simulated signals where the ground- or the excited-state coherent processes were numerically switched off in order to determine the origins of the features of the obtained signals. We also performed experiments on Cs atoms with two laser beams: a linearly polarized Cs D
1 pump and circularly polarized Cs D
2 probe. We used the pump beam to create angular momentum alignment in the ground state and observed the transmission signal of the probe beam as we changed the magnetic field. A detailed analysis of the experimentally obtained transmission signal from a single circularly polarized probe laser component is provided. Finally, prospects for observing AOC experimentally are discussed, as well as experiments were even a weak AOC signal could lead to systematic errors.
Second harmonic generation and simplified bond hyperpolarizability model analyses on the intermixing of Si/SiGe stacked multilayers for gate-all-around structure
Authors: Chen Wei-Ting , Yen Ting-Yu , Hung Yang-Hao , Huang Yu-Hsiang , Chiu Shang-Jui , Lo Kuang-Yao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Si/SiGe stacked multilayers are key elements in fabrication of gate-all-around (GAA) structures and improvement of electrical properties, with the evolution of the Si/SiGe interfaces playing a crucial role. In this work, a model is developed based on the simplified bond hyperpolarizability model (SBHM) to analysis the anisotropic reflective second harmonic generation (Ani-RSHG) on a three-period stacked Si/Si1−x
Ge
x
multilayer, which builds on Si(100) diamond structures. The C
4v symmetry of the Si(100) structure enables the second harmonic generation (SHG) contribution from the bonds to be simplified and the effective hyperpolarizabilities of the interfacial and bulk sources to be obtained. The effective interface dipolar and bulk quadrupolar SHG hyperpolarizabilities in the Si1−x
Ge
x
sample with various Ge concentration profiles are modeled by interpreting the concentration of a component element as the probability of the element occupying an atomic site. On the basis of the developed model, the Ani-RSHG spectra of the as-grown samples with various Ge ratios for each layer and the samples annealed at 850 °C and 950 °C are analyzed to inspect the change in Ge distribution and its gradient in depth. The ani-RSHG analysis on as-grown samples showed difference in Ge distribution in samples with the multi Si/SiGe structure, which is not well observed in synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. For the annealed samples, the response to changes in Ge concentration and its gradient in depth reveal the Si/Si1−x
Ge
x
interface intermixing. Results of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy agree well with the Ani-RSHG with SBHM findings. Compared with the Raman and synchrotron XRD spectra, the Ani-RSHG with SBHM simulation result demonstrates much better response to changes in compositions of the Si/Si1−x
Ge
x
stacked multilayered structures, verifying the potential for characterizing the concentration distribution in stacked multilayered thin films for GAA structures.
Topological structure and global features enhanced graph reasoning model for non-small cell lung cancer segmentation from CT
Authors: Zhang Tiangang , Wang Kai , Cui Hui , Jin Qiangguo , Cheng Peng , Nakaguchi Toshiya , Li Changyang , Ning Zhiyu , Wang Linlin , Xuan Ping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Accurate and automated segmentation of lung tumors from computed tomography (CT) images is critical yet challenging. Lung tumors are of various sizes and locations and have indistinct boundaries adjacent to other normal tissues. Approach. We propose a new segmentation model that can integrate the topological structure and global features of image region nodes to address the challenges. Firstly, we construct a weighted graph with image region nodes. The graph topology reflects the complex spatial relationships among these nodes, and each node has its specific attributes. Secondly, we propose a node-wise topological feature learning module based on a new graph convolutional autoencoder (GCA). Meanwhile, a node information supplementation (GNIS) module is established by integrating specific features of each node extracted by a convolutional neural network (CNN) into each encoding layer of GCA. Afterwards, we construct a global feature extraction model based on multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to encode the features learnt from all the image region nodes which are crucial complementary information for tumor segmentation. Main results. Ablation study results over the public lung tumor segmentation dataset demonstrate the contributions of our major technical innovations. Compared with other segmentation methods, our new model improves the segmentation performance and has generalization ability on different 3D image segmentation backbones. Our model achieved Dice of 0.7827, IoU of 0.6981, and HD of 32.1743 mm on the public dataset 2018 Medical Segmentation Decathlon challenge, and Dice of 0.7004, IoU of 0.5704 and HD of 64.4661 mm on lung tumor dataset from Shandong Cancer Hospital. Significance. The novel model improves automated lung tumor segmentation performance especially the challenging and complex cases using topological structure and global features of image region nodes. It is of great potential to apply the model to other CT segmentation tasks.