bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Manipulation of Topological Phases in a Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator
Authors: Chong Su Kong , Zhang Peng , Li Jie , Zhou Yinong , Wang Jingyuan , Zhang Huairuo , Davydov Albert V. , Eckberg Christopher , Deng Peng , Tai Lixuan , Xia Jing , Wu Ruqian , Wang Kang L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantum anomalous Hall phases arising from the inverted band topology in magnetically doped topological insulators have emerged as an important subject of research for quantization at zero magnetic fields. Though necessary for practical implementation, sophisticated electrical control of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)‐grown quantum anomalous Hall matter have been stymied by growth and fabrication challenges. Here, a novel procedure is demonstrated, employing a combination of thin‐film deposition and 2D material stacking techniques, to create dual‐gated devices of the MBE‐grown quantum anomalous Hall insulator, Cr‐doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3. In these devices, orthogonal control over the field‐induced charge density and the electric displacement field is demonstrated. A thorough examination of material responses to tuning along each control axis is presented, realizing magnetic property control along the former and a novel capability to manipulate the surface exchange gap along the latter. Through electrically addressing the exchange gap, the capabilities to either strengthen the quantum anomalous Hall state or suppress it entirely and drive a topological phase transition to a trivial state are demonstrated. The experimental result is explained using first principle theoretical calculations, and establishes a practical route for in situ control of quantum anomalous Hall states and topology.
A Flexible, High‐Voltage (>100 V) Generating Device Based on Zebra‐Like Asymmetrical Photovoltaic Cascade
Authors: Zheng Hongxian , Ou Cailing , Huang Xinxin , Jiang Baichuan , Li Wenbin , Li Jun , Han Xiao , Liu Chuanhui , Han Zixiao , Ji Tingyu , Samorì Paolo , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe mutual conversion between light and electricity lies at the heart of optoelectronic and photonic applications. Maximization of the photoelectric conversion is a long‐term goal that can be pursued via the fabrication of devices with ad‐hoc architectures. In this framework, it is of utter importance to harvest and transform light irradiation into high electric potential in specific area for driving functional dielectrics that respond to pure electric field. Here, a nano‐fabrication technology has been devised featuring double self‐alignment that is applied to construct zebra‐like asymmetric heterojunction arrays. Such nanostructured composite, which covers a surface area of 5 × 4 mm2 and contains 500 periodic repeating units, is capable of photo generating voltages as high as 140 V on a flexible substrate. This approach represents a leap over the traditional functionalization process based on simply embedding materials into devices by demonstrating the disruptive potential of integrating oriented nanoscale device components into meta‐material.
Oxygen‐Insensitive Delayed Fluorescence Based on Singlet Manifold
Authors: Wu Yingnan , Zhao Yanliang , Hou Haoran , Hong Gaobo , Guo Yanhui , Zhang Ruiling , Chen Wenlong , Tian Jiarui , Lv Shibo , Wang Honglei , Wang Meishan , Wu Chenyu , Song Fengling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDelayed fluorescence molecules have important applications in time‐resolved luminescence imaging (including lifetime imaging) systems. However, existing approaches of generating delayed fluorescence in organic molecules rely on triplets as long‐lived intermediate states. As such, this triplet‐based delayed fluorescence can be severely plagued by its oxygen sensitivity. As the presence of oxygen or ambient air can hardly be avoided in living biosystems, oxygen‐insensitive delayed fluorescence is highly desirable. Herein, a new pathway is reported for oxygen‐insensitive delayed fluorescence which is produced only within the singlet manifold. Such an example is found in a cyto‐compatible and water‐soluble trimethine cyanine dye C3T‐H, which bears a very high molar extinction coefficient and a narrow‐band red emission. It is demonstrated that this dye exhibits notable delayed fluorescence which cannot be diminished by the presence of oxygen or ambient air. Time‐resolved imaging of living cells in the presence of oxygen is successfully achieved. Through quantum chemical calculations, a nonemissive dark‐state structure in the S1 state is found to be thermodynamically viable (energy barrier ≈8 kcal mol−1) through the molecular twisting around the trimethine bridge of C3T‐H, which serves as a “reservoir” of the excitation energy to enable the oxygen‐insensitive delayed fluorescence.
Impact of COVID‐19 on emergency medicine resident procedure performance
Authors: Bruno Tony W. , Janwadkar Rohan , Clayton Lisa M. , Hughes Patrick G. , Solano Joshua J. , Shih Richard D. , Bilello Leslie A. , Hughes Mary J. , Alter Scott M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, patterns of patient presentations and medical education have changed, potentially resulting in fewer and different types of patient encounters. Procedural proficiency is a cornerstone of emergency medicine (EM) training, and residents must meet Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements to graduate. It is feared there may have been a pandemic‐induced decrease in opportunities for residents to perform procedures. This study investigates the change in procedures performed by EM residents during the initial year of the pandemic.MethodsThis study utilized a multicenter retrospective design. Across three EM residency programs, logs of 14 ACGME‐required procedures performed by residents were reviewed. For each procedure, counts were compared prepandemic year (March 2019 to February 2020) to during pandemic year (March 2020 to February 2021). Procedures were further grouped into 4‐month periods: March to June, July to October, and November to February.ResultsA total of 113 EM resident physicians were included in this study. Procedures performed by EM residents tended to decrease during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There were statistically significant decreases in number of annual cricothyrotomies (2.4 vs. 0.9, p < 0.001) and pediatric trauma resuscitations (5.7 vs. 3.9, p = 0.024). Comparing the first 4‐month periods of each year, there were significant decreases in cardiac pacing (6.3 vs. 5.4, p = 0.038), chest tubes (2.2 vs. 1.0, p < 0.001), cricothyrotomies (0.6 vs. 0.1, p = 0.001), intubations (8.2 vs. 4.4, p = 0.002), and pericardiocenteses (1.7 vs. 0.2, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a decrease in the number of procedures performed per EM resident in many of the domains required by the ACGME. Although only some procedures had statically significant decreases, it remains to be seen if this will lead to decreased resident procedural competency. Further research may be required in this area to determine any such effect.
The research escape hunt: An escape room–scavenger hunt for resident education
Authors: Fallon Timothy S. , Germann Carl A. , Anderson Robert S. , Strout Tania D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesResearch and evidence‐based medicine (EBM) education are important elements of emergency medicine (EM) residency training; however, curricular time is limited and integrating novel strategies to engage learners and improve understanding of complex concepts is challenging. We sought to develop a unique research escape hunt educational experience to teach EM residents basic research and EBM skills using an active‐learning, team‐based strategy.MethodsA nine‐station escape room–scavenger hunt was designed around educational content including (1) predictive statistics and diagnostic test characteristics, (2) interpretation of data and statistical analysis, (3) study design, (4) informed consent for research, and (5) the ethical principles guiding research. Stations required participants to use a variety of strategies to solve puzzles, with a correct response required to progress through the escape hunt. Teams worked together to solve each station's puzzles, with opportunities to reinforce the content in real time. Subsequent sessions were presented in a virtual format using Zoom breakout rooms over the past 2 years.ResultsPostactivity assessments were grounded in Kirkpatrick's model and focused on participants' reactions, learning, and behavior. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction (100% [21/21] “satisfied” or “extremely satisfied”) and engagement (95% [20/21] “engaged” or “very engaged”) with the activity, as well as increased comfort with the research and EBM concepts covered (91% [19/21] “agree” or “strongly agree” increased comfort), and demonstrated improvements in knowledge across each content area presented (91% [19/21]).Reflective DiscussionThis practical, team‐based curriculum was found to be a successful way to engage residents with research methodology and EBM content. This curriculum is feasible for both in‐person and virtual formats and we will continue to use this as a component of our EM residency program moving forward.
Educator's blueprint: A how‐to guide for collecting validity evidence in survey‐ based research
Authors: Hill Jeffery , Ogle Kathleen , Gottlieb Michael , Santen Sally A. , Artino Anthony R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSurveys are descriptive assessment tools. Like other assessment tools, the validity and reliability of the data obtained from surveys depend, in large part, on the rigor of the development process. Without validity evidence, data from surveys may lack meaning, leading to uncertainty as to how well the survey truly measures the intended constructs. In documenting the evidence for the validity of survey results and their intended use, it is incumbent on the survey creator to have a firm understanding of validity frameworks. Having an understanding of validity evidence and how each step in the survey development process can support the validity argument makes it easier for the researcher to develop, implement, and publish a high‐quality survey.
Improving estimates of growth for pearl perch (Glaucosoma scapulare) in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Campbell Matthew J. , McLennan Mark F. , Nicolson Jamie R. , Garland Anna , Prosser Robert M. , Midgley Ricky F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe pearl perch (Glaucosoma scapulare) is endemic to the east coast of Australia in depths to 150 m. The species has a long history of exploitation, and the stock is currently depleted. Previous research indicated the species is long lived and slow growing based on fishery‐dependent sampling undertaken in the late 1990s and early 2000s on traditional fishing grounds at the southern end of the species’ range. Increasing fishing power has facilitated the expansion of the fishery to areas to the north and east of traditional grounds, which has resulted in the appearance of older fish (>10 yr) in fishery‐dependent samples not previously observed. The current study estimated the growth parameters using 1153 length‐at‐age observations from fish collected in Queensland between January 2020 and December 2021. The lack of significant numbers of individuals at either end of the age frequency distribution necessitated the estimation of growth in a Bayesian framework with informative priors for length‐at‐age‐zero and maximum length using a multi‐model approach. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) was found to best fit the observed length‐at‐age data and the estimated VBGF parameters were L∞ = 562 mm FL, L0 = 2.02 mm FL and k = 0.295 yr−1. The high proportion of older fish in samples, combined with prior information on relevant parameters, improves growth parameter estimation by reducing bias and facilitating improved model fits to observed length‐at‐age data.
Ganoderic Acid A targeting leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 involved in Parkinson's disease–A computational study
Authors: Ahmad Faizan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to find the most promising Ganoderma lucidium targeting LRRK2 involved in PD.MethodsFirst ADMET analysis was performed for five compounds followed by molecular docking of each compound. Then, we perform molecular dynamics simulation of all five compounds and finally MMGBSA of all five compounds.ResultsBased on molecular dynamics and MMGBSA result we reach the conclusion that Ganoderic Acid A (GAA) is the most promising compound targeting LRRK2. Therefore, GAA needs further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies.ConclusionGanoderma lucidum exhibits cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antioxidative, anticancer, and antinociceptive activities. This study predicted that Ganoderma lucidum could even be used to treat neurological disorders like PD. This study suggest that the best‐identified molecule against LRRK2 is GAA and it needs rigorous in vitro and in vivo validations.
Epigenetic alterations—The silent indicator for early aging and age‐associated health‐risks
Authors: Dhar Poulami , Moodithaya Shailaja S. , Patil Prakash 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAging is the process of gradual physiological deterioration till death and this process perpetually reduce the functionality of an individual. To address the rationale and provide geriatric care, the constant target of geroscience is to identify reliable biomarkers for aging. Over the past decades, diversified advancements in epigenetic studies crescively support the fact that the accumulation of epigenetic changes accompanies the process of aging. A growing number of studies have suggested that alterations occur through three fundamental mechanisms like methylation of DNA, histone protein modification, and production of non‐coding microRNAs. Each of these changes occurs silently and provokes alterations in the circumstantial expression of genetic material without altering the underlying gene sequences. The changes in gene expression due to epigenetic alterations are suggested to be the cause of early aging and the onset of age‐related health risks. This review would attempt to give an integrated overview of epigenetic changes related to aging and age‐associated health risks. This review also discussed epigenomes influencing early aging and factors modulating it. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, early identification of epigenetic markers can be a hope for future geriatric medicine. Finally, this review emphasizes the identification of blood‐based epigenetic biomarkers in order to enlighten the future scope for therapeutic intervention to slow down the aging process.
First case of desmosterolosis diagnosed by prenatal whole exome sequencing
Authors: Hill Chloe , Noureldein Mona , Karkhanis Pallavi , Kinning Esther , Vijay Suresh , Gowda Harsha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDesmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis resulting in multiple congenital abnormalities and syndromic intellectual disability. It is caused by defects in DHCR24, the gene encoding 3‐β‐hydroxysterol‐24‐reductase (24‐dehydrocholesterol reductase), which acts in conversion of cholesterol precursor desmosterol, hence resulting in elevated plasma desmosterol levels. To date, desmosterolosis has been reported in 10 patients. Here we report an eleventh patient with desmosterolosis, and the first one to be diagnosed antenatally. Diagnosis was made on whole exome sequencing after amniocentesis due to complex antenatal abnormalities including cerebellar hypoplasia, microgyria, aortic stenosis, and renal tract abnormalities. Sterol quantitation was subsequently done postnatally, which supported the diagnosis. Although the nonspecific features make desmosterolosis difficult to suspect, we demonstrate that disorders of cholesterol synthesis can be considered as a differential diagnosis antenatally.
Evaluating individual biomarkers for predicting health risks in zoo‐housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Edes Ashley N. , Brown Janine L. , Edwards Katie L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough biomarkers are often used for predicting morbidity and mortality in humans, similar data are lacking in our closest relatives. This study analyzed 16 biomarkers in zoo‐housed chimpanzees and bonobos from serum samples collected during both routine and nonroutine veterinary immobilizations. Generalized linear and generalized linear mixed models were used to determine the efficacy of each biomarker to predict all‐cause morbidity, defined as the presence of at least one chronic condition, or cardiac disease as a subset of all‐cause morbidity. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between biomarkers and mortality risk from any cause. Analyses were conducted using two data sets for each species, one with all values retained (chimpanzees:n = 148; bonobos:n = 33) and the other from samples collected during routine immobilizations only (chimpanzees:n = 95; bonobos:n = 23). Consistent results across both data sets in chimpanzees included associations of higher cortisol with all‐cause morbidity risk, lower creatinine with cardiac disease risk, and higher creatinine with mortality risk, and in bonobos were increased cardiac disease risk with higher cortisol and lower dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate, fructosamine, and triglycerides. However, there were some inconsistencies between data sets, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α predicting mortality risk positively in chimpanzees when all values were retained, but negatively for routine values only. Despite the close evolutionary relationships between chimpanzees and bonobos, the only result observed in both species was a negative association between albumin and mortality risk in the all values retained data sets. Thus, data suggest some biomarkers may be useful predictors of future health outcomes, although a better understanding of both individual and species variation in biomarkers and their contribution to health risks is needed.
APOE missense variant R145C is associated with increased Alzheimer's disease risk in African ancestry individuals with the APOE 3/4 genotype
Authors: Guen Yann Le , Belloy Michael E , Eger Sarah J , Chen Annabel , Kennedy Gabriel , Thornton Timothy A , Farrer Lindsay A. , Napolioni Valerio , He Zihuai , Greicius Michael D 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe APOE gene has two common missense variants that greatly impact the risk of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we examined the risk of a third APOE missense variant, R145C, that is rare in European‐Americans but common in African‐Americans and always in phase with APOEε3 (Table 1).MethodWe included 11,790 individuals of African ancestry (Table 2). The discovery sample was composed of next generation sequencing data (2,888 cases and 4,957 controls), and the replication was composed of imputed data (1,201 cases and 2,744 controls). In primary analyses, the AD risk associated with R145C was estimated using a linear‐mixed‐model regression on case‐control diagnosis. In secondary analyses, we estimated the influence of R145C on age‐at‐onset using linear‐mixed‐model regression, and risk of conversion to AD using competing risk regression.ResultIn ε3/ε4‐stratified meta‐analyses (Table 3), R145C carriers had a nearly three‐fold increased risk compared to non‐carriers (OR=2.75[1.84;4.11]; P=8.3x10‐7) and had a reported AD age‐at‐onset nearly 6 years younger (β=‐5.72[7.87;3.56]; P=2.0x10‐7). Competing risk regression showed that the cumulative incidence of AD grows faster with age in R145C carriers compared to non‐carriers (HR=2.42[1.81;3.25]; P=3.7x10‐9; Figure 1).ConclusionThe R145C variant is a potent risk factor for AD among African ancestry individuals with the ε3/ε4 genotype. Our findings should enhance AD risk prediction in African ancestry individuals and help elucidate the mechanisms linking the apoE protein to AD pathogenesis. The findings add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the importance of including ancestrally‐diverse populations in genetic studies.
Oxidative stress mediated neuroinflammation induced by chronic sleep restriction as triggers for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: R.P. Parameswari , Ramesh Girish , Chidambaram Saravana Babu , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundOveractivation of brain renin angiotensin system (RAS) has shown to be associated with initiation and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through increased production of amyloid beta and oxidative stress resulting in cognitive impairment. Further, chronic sleep restriction (CSR) also shown to induce increased production of amyloid beta. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has been stated to possess beneficial effect against AD. However, the mechanisms still needs to be studied. In the present study we have investigated the effect of CSR on memory and biological functions in mice for better understanding of its effect in initiating AD and also the protective effect of ACEI, CaptoprilMaterials and MethodsChronic sleep restriction was induced in C57BL/6J mice for 18 h continuously, with intermittent recovery for 6h using multiple platform method for 21 days. Captopril 20mg/kg b.wt. was administered for 21 days, 30 mins before subjecting the animals to CSR. Memory functions were assessed by novel object recognition test and radial arm maze. Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes were determined in the hippocampus. Protein levels of Aβ and tau protein and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus was done by immunoblot and ELISA. The ultrastructure of the hippocampus was observed.Key ResultsMice chronically restricted of sleep demonstrated significant impairment in the memory function which was found to be significantly improved by captopril pre‐treatment. Further, CSR mice showed elevated level of oxidative stress marker, LPO with concomitant decrease in antioxidants viz., SOD, and GSH which was also restored by captopril. Captopril pre‐treatment has markedly reduced Aβ and tau protein levels with concomitant decrease in the levels of inflammatory markers. The ultrastructure of CSR mice showed shrunken nuclear membrane with abnormal mitochondria in CSR mice which was moderately restored by Captopril.ConclusionThe present study showed impaired memory functions with increased incidence of oxidative stress in CSR mice which might act as a trigger for neuroinflammation. The present study data support the implication of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Further, the results of the present study also showed that captopril exert protective effect against Alzheimer’s disease by attenuating oxidative stress.