bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonodynamic Cytokine Nanocomplexes with Specific Stimulation towards Effector T Cell for Combination Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Mengke , Yu Jie , Zhang Chi , Xu Cheng , Wei Xin , Pu Kanyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCytokine therapy mediates the interaction between immune cells and non‐immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), forming a promising approach in cancer therapy. However, the dose‐dependent adverse effects and non‐selective stimulation of cytokines limit their clinical use. We herein report a sonodynamic cytokine nano‐immunocomplex (SPNAI) that specifically activates effector T cells (Teffs) for antitumor immunotherapy. By conjugating anti‐interleukin‐2 (anti‐IL‐2) antibodies S4B6 on the semiconducting polymer nanoparticles to afford SPNA, this nanoantibody SPNA can bind with IL‐2 to form SPNAI which can block the interaction between IL‐2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs), selectively activating Teffs in TME. Moreover, SPNAI generates 1O2 to trigger immunogenic cell death of cancer cells upon sono‐irradiation, which promotes the maturation of dendritic cells and the proliferation of Teffs. This SPNAI‐mediated combination sonodynamic immunotherapy thus elevates the ratio of Teffs/Tregs in TME, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth, suppression of lung metastasis and prevention of tumor relapse.
Tunable Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes and Gem‐Difluoroalkenes via Solvent‐Controlled Rhodium‐Catalyzed Arylation of 1‐Bromo‐2,2‐difluoroethylene
Authors: Xu Wen‐Yan , Xu Zhe‐Yuan , Zhang Ze‐Kuan , Gong Tian‐Jun , Fu Yao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDivergent synthesis of fluorine‐containing scaffolds starting from a suite of raw materials is an intriguing topic. Herein, we report the solvent‐controlled rhodium‐catalyzed tunable arylation of 1‐bromo‐2,2‐difluoroethylene. The selection of the reaction solvents provides switchable defluorinated or debrominated arylation from readily available feedstock resources (both arylboronic acids/esters and 1‐bromo‐2,2‐difluoroethylene are commercially available). This switch is feasible because of the difference in coordination ability between the solvent (CH2Cl2 or CH3CN) and the rhodium center, resulting in different olefin insertion. This protocol allows the convenient synthesis of monofluoroalkenes and gem‐difluoroalkenes, both of which are important scaffolds in the fields of medicine and materials. Moreover, this newly developed solvent‐regulated reaction system can be applied to the site‐selective dechlorinated arylation of trichloroethylene. Overall, this study provides a useful strategy for the divergent synthesis of fluorine‐containing scaffolds and provides insight into the importance of solvent selection in catalytic reactions.
Tunable dielectric characteristics ofTPU/PPycomposite film and foamyfilm with low loss over a wide range of temperature
Authors: Acharya Swatee , Swain Lopamudra , Sahoo Bibhu Prasad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present research, thermoplastic polyurethane/polypyrrole (TPU/PPy) dielectric composites film and the lightweight foamyfilm are fabricated using the most simplified solvent casting and modified phase separation water immersion techniques, respectively. The establishment of chemical interaction and morphological investigations of the fabricated systems are analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), respectively. Various dielectric properties, together with complex impedance, are determined over a wide range of frequencies (1 Hz–1 MHz) and temperatures (25°C–120°C). Most interestingly, above 30 Hz frequency, a significantly low value (<0.1) dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) is obtained at ambient temperature. A 90:10 foamyfilm exhibits a dielectric permittivity (ε') and tanδof 236 and 0.05 at 50 Hz frequency, respectively. Both 90:10 film and foamyfilm systems exhibit a significantly increasing trend ofε′ as well as low tanδwith an increase in temperature over a wide range of frequencies. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results of the 90:10 film and foamyfilm indicate the superior thermal stability of the 90:10 foamyfilm system. Based on the obtained low dielectric loss, the fabricated dielectric film, and foamyfilm can be employed in energy storage and high‐temperature sensing applications.
Super rapid preparation of biodiesel over highly dispersed K2CO3 supported by LDH
Authors: Yang Ying , Tao Shuang , Li Guangtao , Guo Aijun , Tang Ying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA new heterogeneous K2CO3 supported by a layered double hydroxide (LDH), Mg–Al hydrotalcite, was prepared and used as a catalyst for the biodiesel preparation by a tri‐component coupling transesterification of methanol, vegetable oil, and methyl acetate. K2CO3/Mg‐Al exhibits high catalytic activities, and biodiesel yield can reach 99.48% within 20 min under 60°C, with 6 wt.% of K2CO3/Mg‐Al, 1:1:12 molar ratio of rapeseed oil, methyl acetate, and methanol. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen physical adsorption, thermogravimetry analysis, and CO2‐chemical adsorption were used to assess the physical properties of the prepared K2CO3/Mg‐Al. Using the tri‐component coupling transesterification, 12.2% cost reduce can be get by reducing the cost from 8458 to 7424 ¥/t compared with di‐component transesterification containing oil and methanol as resource.
Validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for detecting flubendazole and 2‐aminoflubendazole in canine plasma
Authors: Bergman Joan , Harvill Lainey , Smith Joe , Haynes Ellen , Cleveland Christopher A. , Yabsley Michael J. , Coker Sarah , Najahi‐Missaoui Wided , Elder Deborah , Cox Sherry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish a reliable method for the quantification of flubendazole and its metabolite, 2‐aminoflubendazole, in small‐volume canine plasma samples. Following liquid extraction with chloroform, samples were separated by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography on an XBridge C18 4.6 × 250 mm column (5 μm). Quantification was performed using ultraviolet detection at 246 nm. A mixture of 5 mM potassium phosphate monobasic and acetonitrile (72:28) was used as the mobile phase. The standard curve ranged from 2.5 to 1000 ng/mL. Intra‐ and interassay variance for flubendazole and 2‐aminoflubendazole was less than 6%, while the recovery ranged from 91 to 101%. The lower limit of quantification was 2.5 ng/mL. This method was successfully validated and applied to the analysis of flubendazole and 2‐aminoflubendazole samples.
Multi–component Cahn–Hilliard Systems with Singular Potentials: Theoretical Results
Authors: Gal C. G. , Grasselli M. , Poiatti A. , Shomberg J. L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider a system of nonlinear diffusion equations modelling (isothermal) phase segregation of an ideal mixture of $$N\ge 2$$

N
≥
2

components occupying a bounded region $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{d},$$

Ω
⊂

R

d

,

$$d\le 3$$

d
≤
3

. Our system is subject to a constant mobility matrix of coefficients, a free energy functional given in terms of singular entropy generated potentials and localized capillarity effects. We prove well-posedness and regularity results which generalize the ones obtained by Elliott and Luckhaus (IMA Preprint Ser 887, 1991). In particular, if $$d\le 2$$

d
≤
2

, we derive the uniform strict separation of solutions from the singular points of the (entropy) nonlinearity. Then, even if $$d=3$$

d
=
3

, we prove the existence of a global (regular) attractor as well as we establish the convergence of solutions to single equilibria. If $$d=3$$

d
=
3

, this convergence requires the validity of the asymptotic strict separation property. This work constitutes the first part of an extended three-part study involving the phase behavior of multi-component systems, with a second part addressing the presence of nonlocal capillarity effects, and a final part concerning the numerical study of such systems along with some relevant application.
Take a break: should breaks be enforced during digital breast tomosynthesis reading sessions?
Authors: Partridge George John William , Taib Adnan Gani , Phillips Peter , James Jonathan Jeffrey , Satchithananda Keshthra , Sharma Nisha , Morel Juliet , McAvinchey Rita , Valencia Alexandra , Teh William , Khan Humaira , Muscat Elizabeth , Michell Michael James , Chen Yan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) can improve diagnostic accuracy compared to 2D mammography, but DBT reporting is time-consuming and potentially more fatiguing. Changes in diagnostic accuracy and subjective and objective fatigue were evaluated over a DBT reporting session, and the impact of taking a reporting break was assessed.

Materials and methods
Forty-five National Health Service (NHS) mammography readers from 6 hospitals read a cancer-enriched set of 40 DBT cases whilst eye tracked in this prospective cohort study, from December 2020 to April 2022. Eye-blink metrics were assessed as objective fatigue measures. Twenty-one readers had a reporting break, 24 did not. Subjective fatigue questionnaires were completed before and after the session. Diagnostic accuracy and subjective and objective fatigue measures were compared between the cohorts using parametric and non-parametric significance testing.

Results
Readers had on average 10 years post-training breast screening experience and took just under 2 h (105.8 min) to report all cases. Readers without a break reported greater levels of subjective fatigue (44% vs. 33%, p = 0.04), which related to greater objective fatigue: an increased average blink duration (296 ms vs. 286 ms, p < 0.001) and a reduced eye-opening velocity (76 mm/s vs. 82 mm/s, p < 0.001). Objective fatigue increased as the trial progressed for the no break cohort only (ps < 0.001). No difference was identified in diagnostic accuracy between the groups (accuracy: 87% vs. 87%, p = 0.92).

Conclusions
Implementing a break during a 2-h DBT reporting session resulted in lower levels of subjective and objective fatigue. Breaks did not impact diagnostic accuracy, which may be related to the extensive experience of the readers.

Clinical relevance statement
DBT is being incorporated into many mammography screening programmes. Recognising that reporting breaks are required when reading large volumes of DBT studies ensures this can be factored in when setting up reading sessions.

Trial registration
Clinical trials registration number: NCT03733106

Key Points
• Use of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in breast screening programmes can cause significant reader fatigue.
• The effectiveness of incorporating reading breaks into DBT reporting sessions, to reduce mammography reader fatigue, was investigated using eye tracking.
• Integrating breaks into DBT reporting sessions reduced reader fatigue; however, diagnostic accuracy was unaffected.
Maternal developmental history alters transfer of circadian clock genes to offspring in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Harvey-Carroll Jessica , Stevenson Tyler J. , Spencer Karen A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMaternal signals shape embryonic development, and in turn post-natal phenotypes. RNA deposition is one such method of maternal signalling and circadian rhythms are one trait thought to be maternally inherited, through this mechanism. These maternal circadian gene transcripts aid development of a functioning circadian system. There is increasing evidence that maternal signals can be modified, depending on prevailing environmental conditions to optimise offspring fitness. However, currently, it is unknown if maternal circadian gene transcripts, and consequently early embryonic gene transcription, are altered by maternal developmental conditions. Here, using avian mothers who experienced either pre-natal corticosterone exposure, and/or post-natal stress as juveniles we were able to determine the effects of the timing of stress on downstream circadian RNA deposition in offspring. We demonstrated that maternal developmental history does indeed affect transfer of offspring circadian genes, but the timing of stress was important. Avian mothers who experienced stress during the first 2 weeks of post-natal life increased maternally deposited transcript levels of two core circadian clock genes, BMAL1 and PER2. These differences in transcript levels were transient and disappeared at the point of embryonic genome transcription. Pre-natal maternal stress alone was found to elicit delayed changes in circadian gene expression. After activation of the embryonic genome, both BMAL1 and PER2 expression were significantly decreased. If both pre-natal and post-natal stress occurred, then initial maternal transcript levels of BMAL1 were significantly increased. Taken together, these results suggest that developmental stress differentially produces persistent transgenerational effects on offspring circadian genes.
Pattern and time point of relapse in locally advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma after multimodal treatment: implications for a useful structured follow-up
Authors: Stelmach Ramona , Apostolidis Leonidas , Kahle Steffen , Sisic Leila , Nienhüser Henrik , Weber Tim Frederik , Jäger Dirk , Haag Georg Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Despite improvements in multimodal treatment of locally advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, the majority of patients still relapses. The impact of structured follow-up for early detection of recurrence is unclear and controversially discussed.

Methods
Patients with locally advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma having received neoadjuvant/perioperative chemotherapy followed by tumor resection between 2009 and 2021, underwent a structured follow-up including three-monthly imaging during the first 2 years, followed by semiannual and annual examinations in year 3–4 and 5, respectively. Clinical outcome including pattern and time point of relapse was analyzed.

Results
Two hundred fifty-seven patients were included in this analysis. In 50.2% (n = 129) of patients, recurrent disease was diagnosed, with the majority (94.6%) relapsing within the first 2 years. The most common site of relapse were lymph node metastases followed by peritoneal carcinomatosis and hepatic and pulmonary metastases. 52.7% of patients presented with symptoms at the time of relapse. Cumulative risk and time point of relapse differed significantly between patient with a node-positive tumor (ypN+) after neoadjuvant treatment (high-risk group) and patients with node-negative primary tumor (ypN0) (low-risk group). High-risk patients had a significantly inferior disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) with 11.1 and 29.0 months, respectively, whereas median DFS and OS were not reached for the low-risk group.

Conclusions
The risk of relapse differs significantly between high- and low-risk patients. Only a part of relapses is associated with clinical symptoms. An individualized follow-up strategy is recommended for high- and low-risk patients considering the individual risk of relapse.
A multi-pronged approach to improve blood culture diagnostics in different clinical departments: a single-centre experience
Authors: Neser Elisabeth , Jung Philipp , Halfmann Alexander , Schröder Matthias , Thurner Lorenz , Becker Sören L. , Schneitler Sophie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Blood culture (BC) diagnostics are influenced by many factors. We performed a targeted interdisciplinary analysis to analyse effects of various measures on BC diagnostics performance.

Methods
A diagnostic stewardship initiative was conducted at two intervention and two control wards in a German tertiary level hospital. The initiative comprised staff training on the correct indications and sampling for BC, implementation of information cards, labels to identify the collection site, regular BC bottle feedback including the number of bottles, filling volumes and identified pathogens; and the use of a specific sampling device (BD Vacutainer®). Before and after the interventions, two three-month measurement periods were performed, as well as a one-month follow-up period to assess the sustainability of the conducted measures.

Results
In total, 9362 BC bottles from 787 patients were included in the analysis. The number of BCs obtained from peripheral venous puncture could be increased at both intervention wards (44.0 vs. 22.2%, 58.3 vs. 34.4%), while arterial sampling could be reduced (30.6 vs. 4.9%). A total of 134 staff members were fully trained. The intervention led to a considerable increase in BC knowledge (from 62.4 to 79.8% correct answers) with differences between the individual professional groups. Relevant reduced contamination rates could be detected at both intervention wards.

Conclusions
As knowledge on the correct BC sampling and strategies to reduce contamination varies considerably between clinical departments and healthcare professionals, a targeted training should be adapted to the specific needs of the individual professional groups. An additional filling device is not necessary.
Implementing uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) device for immediate postpartum hemorrhage management: Leveraging resource allocation and highlighting noteworthy experiences
Authors: Boston Mian Dehi , Privat Guie , Horo Apollinaire , Edele Aka , Virginie Kouakou Konan , Bruno Aholoupke , Seydou Koné , Sarah Rochon , Serge Boni , Thomas F Burke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) devices for intrauterine packing and management of vaginal bleeding by uterine atony has shown promising results in improving the quality of care and reducing maternal mortality.ObjectiveThis report aims to provide an overview of progress made in implementing UBT devices in northern Cote d'Ivoire.Material and methodsA four-year retrospective study was conducted in the North-East (163,645), North-Center (351,909), and North-West (57,983). In 2017, UBT was adopted by members of the healthcare system. Subsequently, 5 national and 32 regional trainers have been trained. The training session was a theoretical and practical program with a low simulator. UBT is a male condom tied to a urinary catheter, filled with liquid. Positive outcomes included stopping bleeding, avoiding the need for surgery, and preventing maternal deaths (MD). In 2018, 3,515 UBT devices were distributed. In 2019, monitoring tools and transmission circuits of the data were validated. In 2020, the collection of data and local manufacturing was launched.ResultsDuring the process, 978 health workers, mainly midwife (52.0%) and nurses (32.2%) out of the 1,295 assigned were trained. The number of trained individuals decreased from 209 in 2019 to 160 in 2020. A total of 1,715 UBT devices were locally manufactured, adding to the existing gift of 5,080 devices, with total availability of 6,795. The distribution of devices increased from 2017 to 2019 but decreased in 2020. Success rates increased from 87.3% in 2017 (365/418) to 95.0% in 2019 (556/585) and slightly decreased in 2020 to 98.0% (681/695). Adverse outcomes (144/2,193), included MD (35/2,193) and medical evacuation to the surgical center (109/2,193).ConclusionThe implementation of UBT in northern Cote d'Ivoire successfully reduced maternal death rates caused by immediate post-partum hemorrhage (IPPH). However, to ensure sustainability, further improvements are needed, including increased monitoring, ongoing training, and device availability.
The Rise of Early Rome
Authors: Fulminante Francesca 
Published: August 2023

The trajectory of Rome from a small village in Latium vetus, to an emerging power in Italy during the first millennium BC, and finally, the heart of an Empire that sprawled throughout the Mediterranean and much of Europe until the 5th century CE, is well known. Its rise is often presented as inevitable and unstoppable. Yet the factors that contributed to Rome's rise to power are not well understood. Why Rome and not Veii? In this book, Francesca Fulminante offers a fresh approach to this question through the use of a range of methods. Adopting quantitative analyses and a novel network perspective, she focuses on transportation systems in Etruria and Latium Italy from ca. 1000–500 BC. Fulminante reveals the multiple factors that contributed to the emergence and dominance of Rome within these regional networks, and the critical role they in the rise of the city and, ultimately, Roman imperialism.
Treatment of auricular pseudocysts using enhanced negative drainage: a prospective study of 21 cases
Authors: Wang G , Luo D , Song F , Sun Z , Dong P , Zhu Z 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveAuricular pseudocysts are rare, painless, benign intracartilaginous cysts of the auricle that are not lined by epithelium and have no known aetiology.MethodThis was a prospective study conducted in an ENT department from January 2020 to June 2022. In 21 patients, complete aspiration of the pseudocyst with enhanced negative drainage was performed. They were followed for a minimum of six months.ResultsAll patients completely responded to the negative drainage treatment. No cases of recurrence or obvious deformities were observed.ConclusionAspiration with intensified negative drainage was associated with a positive response in patients with auricular pseudocysts. Complete resolution of the swelling can be achieved without any serious complications. Thus, it appears to be a simple and effective method for managing the condition.
The meaning of home when you don't live there anymore: Using body mapping with people with dementia in care homes
Authors: Smith Louisa , Carr Chantel , Chesher Isabelle , Phillipson Lyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe significance of home is broadly recognised as representing selfhood, safety and autonomy. For older people, especially those with dementia, the ability to age in place at home can be threatened by a necessary move into a care home. Home has heightened importance for people with dementia. We know most people want to stay in their own homes, but there is limited research which explores what home means for people with dementia when they move into care homes. Based in a care home in regional New South Wales, Australia, this study used the arts-based method, body mapping, to explore what home meant to people with dementia and/or cognitive impairment. Seven body maps were co-created by current residents (four), family members and supporters (six) and researchers (three). The findings of the body-mapping process highlighted that home is much more than a physical location. Home meant having the ability to carry out practices and rituals, use objects, maintain relationships and experience sensations that are personally meaningful, and which differ from one person to the next. Their body maps revealed that in care homes, people could not ‘do home’ anymore because many of the practices, objects, people and places that mattered to them were no longer accessible. Body mapping was a useful method that facilitated the exploration of a holistic expression of home that would not have been possible with more traditional methods. For people with dementia, home was not only embodied and spatial, but also temporal, helping us to understand the ways in which care homes might facilitate a greater sense of home for people with dementia.