bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some orangutans acquire enamel defects at regular intervals, but not according to seasonal cycles
Authors: O'Hara Mackie C. , McGraw W. Scott , Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesDevelopmental defects of tooth enamel are associated with systemic physiological stress and have been linked to seasonal environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature, and fruit availability. Here, we evaluate whether linear enamel hypoplasia and accentuated perikymata occur with any cyclicity on lower canines and then whether cycles differ between Bornean and Sumatran orangutans.Materials and MethodsEpoxy casts of lower canines from Pongo abelii (n = 14) and P. pygmaeus (n = 33) were evaluated for perikymata and dental enamel defects. Individual developmental sequences (IDSs) were generated for each canine, tracking the position of each defect in the context of continuous perikymata (time). Autocorrelation, a form of time‐series statistical analysis was run for each canine to identify whether any cyclicity of defect expression was discernable.ResultsAutocorrelation revealed cycles of defect expression within canines, but no common cycle periodicities were identified between individuals of the same species or across species. P. pygmaeus averaged more linear enamel hypoplasia per year than P. abelli, but no other comparisons (number of defects, number of perikymata between defects, and autocorrelation analysis) revealed differences between the species.DiscussionAlthough no common patterns of defect expression were identified within or between P. abelli and P. pygmaeus, the potential for autocorrelation analysis is promising for primatological and paleoanthropological studies of seasonal phenomena.
Dual mode stimuli‐responsive color‐tunable transparent photoluminescent anticounterfeiting polycarbonate electrospun nanofibers embedded with lanthanide‐doped aluminate
Authors: Alatawi Nada M. , Alkhamis Kholood M. , Munshi Alaa M. , Althagafi Ismail , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhotochromism has been used as an attractive method to enhance the authentication of commercially available goods. It has been fundamental to enhance the engineering procedure of the authentication materials to introduce a mechanically reliable authentication nanofibrous film. In this context, we develop a mechanically reliable and photoluminescent electrospun nanofibrous polycarbonate film immobilized with lanthanide‐doped aluminate nanoparticles (NPs) by the electrospinning method for authentication purposes. The prepared composite film displayed photochromism by changing color from transparent under daytime light to green under ultraviolet light. To guarantee the transparency of the electrospun nanofibrous film, the strontium aluminate pigment must be presented in the nano‐scaled particle form to improve its distribution without forming aggregates in the electrospun polycarbonate nanofibrous bulk. The pigment‐polycarbonate nanofibers showed an emission band at 512 nm upon excitation at 374 nm. The pigment‐polycarbonate nanofibers showed an improved hydrophobicity with raising the pigment ratio without adverse influences on their inherent appearance and mechanical characteristics. When excited with UV light, the transparent films had rapid and reversible photochromism without fatigue. The nanofibrous mats displayed elasticity and flexibility. The present approach can be described as a competent method for the preparation of diverse anticounterfeiting materials.
Facile synthesis of intrinsically flame‐retardant epoxy thermosets with high mechanical properties from lignin derivatives
Authors: Chen Jituo , Zhang Yuxiang , He Feng , Ying Jun , Li Shi‐Neng , Peng Li , Wu Qiang , Fan Zhiqiang , Jiang Baiyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPreparing bio‐based epoxy resins with high performance is crucial to sustainable development. However, seeking renewable and flame‐retardant epoxy resins with high mechanical properties are still challenging. Here, we reported a facile way to transform lignin derivatives to intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resins with satisfactory mechanical properties. Two guaiacol‐based novolac epoxy resins (i.e., GTEP/DDM and GPEP/DDM) were prepared as alternatives for petroleum‐based DGEBA/DDM. The cured GTEP/DDM product showed a high Tg of 209.5°C, a high tensile modulus of 3.13 GPa, and a high LOI of 28.6% with UL‐94 V‐1 rating, which outperformed DGEBA/DDM system. Specially, GPEP/DDM resin possessed more superior mechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength of 73.9 MPa, and tensile modulus of 5.85 GPa) owing to additional interactions (i.e., π–π interactions and hydrogen bonds), and outstanding anti‐flammability (e.g., LOI of 31.2% with UL‐94 V‐0 rating) due to the endow of phosphorus‐containing groups. The mechanical reinforcement and flame‐retardant mechanisms were clarified based on structural evolution and performance variation. This work provides an efficient synthesis route to achieve a high‐performance thermoset, which is a promising alternative for substituting conventional bisphenol‐A epoxy resin for use as fireproof materials.
Preparation and performances of a cationic modified polyacrylamide viscosity enhancer for water‐based drilling fluids
Authors: Zhang Qin , Wang Qingchen , Sun Huan , Zhu Mingming , Wei Yan , Kang Xue 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolyacrylamide and its derivatives are commonly used as viscosity enhancers in water‐based drilling fluids, but they have limitations in terms of salt resistance and temperature resistance. In this study, a novel cationic functional monomer, 4‐allylaminocarbonyl‐1‐dodecylpyridinium bromide, was introduced into the molecular chains of an acrylamide and acrylic acid copolymer in order to improve its temperature resistance and salt tolerance. Results showed that the apparent viscosity of a 2000 mg/L copolymer solution was 440.4 mPa s at a shear rate of 7.34 s−1, decreasing to 23.5 mPa s at 510 s−1 before recovering to 49.2 mPa s when the shear rate returned to 170 s−1. After 16 h of aging at 120°C, a brine drilling fluid containing 1% of the copolymer showed an apparent viscosity retention rate of 70%, likely due to the formation of a stable net structure between the copolymer's molecular chains and clay particles. These results suggest that the copolymer could be an excellent candidate for use as a viscosity enhancer in drilling fluids.
On the ontological ambiguity of physics facing reality
Authors: Horvath Jorge E. , Fernandes Rodrigo Rosas , Idiart Thais E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe discuss in this work, the contradictory position in modern Physics between the existence of a microphysical quantum reality and macrophysical classical one. After discussing some basic concepts in Philosophy, we revisit the situation of Quantum Mechanics results, particularly after the confirmation of violations of Bell's theorem, and its significance to create a tension between the micro and the macro world, which is very fundamental and unsolved.
The influence of deceleration and internal structure on the braking index of pulsars: Simplest model for the star
Authors: da Silva Bortoli Fabio , Garcia Natan Vanelli , Magalhaes Nadja Simao , Frajuca Carlos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPulsars are rotating neutron stars whose electromagnetic radiation is observed to pulsate and, despite the extremely stable rates, the frequencies of the pulses decay with time, as quantified by the braking index (n). It is extremely difficult to obtain this index from observations due to different factors. Theoretically, in the canonical model for neutron stars, one finds n = 3, but observational data shows that n is less than three. In this work, the canonical model is modified, incorporating the influence of the deceleration of the neutron star. As the star's rotation decelerates, the deformation of the star due to the centrifugal force decreases thereby reducing its moment of inertia. Consequently, the star decelerates less, reducing the braking index. In this work, the star is modeled as a very hard, compressible spherical shell filled with neutrons and protons superfluid that do not interacts with the shell. Using this toy model as a first approach, the braking index is found as a function of rotation, yielding a theoretical braking index closer to the one derived from observational data.
Additional oncological benefit of photodynamic diagnosis with blue light cystoscopy in transurethral resection for primary non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A comparative study from experienced institutes
Authors: Miyake Makito , Nishimura Nobutaka , Nakahama Tomonori , Nishimoto Koshiro , Oyama Masafumi , Matsushita Yuto , Miyake Hideaki , Fukuhara Hideo , Inoue Keiji , Kobayashi Keita , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Fujii Tomomi , Hirao Yoshihiko , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this work is to evaluate the additional oncological benefit of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using blue‐light cystoscopy in transurethral resection (TURBT) for primary non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) based on the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG)‐defined progression and the subsequent pathological pathways.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed 1578 consecutive primary NMIBC patients undergoing white‐light TURBT (WL‐TURBT) or PDD‐TURBT during 2006–2020. One‐to‐one propensity score‐matching was performed using multivariable logistic regression to obtain balanced groups. IBCG‐defined progression of NMIBC included stage‐up and grade‐up as well as conventional definitions such as the development of muscle‐invasive BC or metastatic disease. Nine oncological endpoints were evaluated. Sankey diagrams were generated to visualize follow‐up pathological pathways after the initial TURBT.ResultsComparison of event‐free survival between the matched groups revealed that PDD use decreased the bladder cancer recurrence risk and IBCG‐defined progression risk, whereas no significant difference was noted in conventionally defined progression. This was attributable to a reduced risk of stage‐up, from Ta to T1, and grade‐up. Sankey diagrams of the matched groups showed that patients with primary Ta low‐grade tumour and first‐recurrence Ta low‐grade tumour did not have bladder recurrence or progression, while some of those in the WL‐TURBT group developed recurrence after treatment.ConclusionsThe multiple survival analysis demonstrated that the risk of IBCG‐defined progression was significantly decreased by PDD use in NMIBC patients. Sankey diagrams revealed possible differences in pathological pathways after the initial TURBT between the two groups, demonstrating that repeated recurrence could be prevented by PDD use.
Regional distributions of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin in the liver and small intestine of rats when orally co‐administered with quercetin and paeoniflorin
Authors: Yu Weilan , Liu Xiaolin , Cai Dake , Zheng Juntao , Lao Biaochang , Huang Min , Zhong Guoping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurcumin (CUR), derived from the dietary spice turmeric, is a polyphenolic compound with various biological and pharmacological activities. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is one of the major reductive metabolites of curcumin. A pharmacokinetic study using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of curcumin, THC, quercetin (QR), and paeoniflorin (PF) in rat plasma had been performed. In this study, the regional distributions of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin in the liver and the three segments of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) of rats when orally co‐administered with quercetin and paeoniflorin were carried out. Drug concentrations were determined using UHPLC‐MS/MS. The results showed that curcumin was well distributed in the small intestine, while the distributions of tetrahydrocurcumin in the liver, duodenum, jejunum were similar, but much more abundant in the ileum. When orally co‐administered with quercetin and paeoniflorin, the tissue to plasma concentration ratios (Kp values) of curcumin in the three segments of the small intestine were increased, indicating that the presence of quercetin and paeoniflorin increases the distribution of curcumin in these regions. Moreover, the half‐life (t1/2) of THC in the liver was significantly prolonged, and the Kp value of THC in the liver was increased and the Kp values in the small intestine were decreased, suggesting that the combination of quercetin and paeoniflorin might suppress the metabolism of curcumin in the small intestine. In brief, the combination had an effect on the distributions of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin in the liver and small intestine of rats.
Behavioral outcome of very preterm children at 5 years of age: Prognostic utility of brain tissue volumes at term‐equivalent‐age, perinatal, and environmental factors
Authors: Liverani Maria Chiara , Loukas Serafeim , Gui Laura , Pittet Marie‐Pascale , Pereira Maricé , Truttmann Anita C. , Brunner Pauline , Bickle‐Graz Myriam , Hüppi Petra S. , Meskaldji Djalel‐Eddine , Borradori‐Tolsa Cristina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivePrematurity is associated with a high risk of long‐term behavioral problems. This study aimed to assess the prognostic utility of volumetric brain data at term‐equivalent‐age (TEA), clinical perinatal factors, and parental social economic risk in the prediction of the behavioral outcome at 5 years in a cohort of very preterm infants (VPT, <32 gestational weeks).MethodsT2‐weighted magnetic resonance brain images of 80 VPT children were acquired at TEA and automatically segmented into cortical gray matter, deep subcortical gray matter, white matter (WM), cerebellum (CB), and cerebrospinal fluid. The gray matter structure of the amygdala was manually segmented. Children were examined at 5 years of age with a behavioral assessment, using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). The utility of brain volumes at TEA, perinatal factors, and social economic risk for the prediction of behavioral outcome was investigated using support vector machine classifiers and permutation feature importance.ResultsThe predictive modeling of the volumetric data showed that WM, amygdala, and CB volumes were the best predictors of the SDQ emotional symptoms score. Among the perinatal factors, sex, sepsis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were the best predictors of the hyperactivity/inattention score. When combining the social economic risk with volumetric and perinatal factors, we were able to accurately predict the emotional symptoms score. Finally, social economic risk was positively correlated with the scores of conduct problems and peer problems.ConclusionsThis study provides information on the relation between brain structure at TEA and clinical perinatal factors with behavioral outcome at age 5 years in VPT children. Nevertheless, the overall predictive power of our models is relatively modest, and further research is needed to identify factors associated with subsequent behavioral problems in this population.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with anomalous coronary artery
Authors: Bajoras Vilhelmas , Diečkus Laurynas , Wong Ivan , Laurinavičienė Anna , Davidavičius Giedrius , Čėsna Sigitas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this review was to analyze literature and provide systematic algorithm to guide decision making during TAVI procedure.BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is growing in popularity and expanding to younger patients with lower risk profiles. Currently, there is no concise guideline on the management strategy during TAVI in patients with anomalous coronary artery (ACA) anatomy undergoing this procedure.MethodsA systematic search was conducted for relevant case reports of TAVI in patients who had confirmed ACA anatomy. Twenty‐four case reports, that met the criteria for this review, were identified and included in the final study size.ResultsTAVI was successful in 23 out of 24 cases. Half of the cases (12) described performing balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) before TAVI. The majority (15) reported using angiogram Postimplantation. Only one‐third of cases (8) reported performing coronary protection (with either wire, wire and stent or wire and balloon). Two‐third of case reports (16/24, 67%) mentioned using Edwards SAPIEN balloon expandable transcatheter heart valves (THV).ConclusionsPreprocedural diagnostic imaging tests play important role in determining the ACA anatomy and its relation to the aortic valve. BAV with simultaneous coronary arteries angiography or aortography should be performed before implantation of THV, as it could potentially predict whether the ACA would be compressed. Using at least a coronary wire for ACA protection is recommended in case there is high risk of ACA obstruction. Management strategy should be individualized when performing TAVI in patients with ACA.
Singlet Oxygen Responsive Molecular Receptor to Modulate Atropisomerism and Cation Binding
Authors: Bouteille Quentin , Sonet Dorian , Hennebelle Marc , Desvergne Jean‐Pierre , Morvan Estelle , Scalabre Antoine , Pouget Emilie , Méreau Raphaël , Bibal Brigitte 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn switchable molecular recognition, 1O2 stimulus responsive receptors offer a unique structural change that is rarely exploited. The employed [4+2] reaction between 1O2 and anthracene derivatives is quantitative, reversible and easily implemented. To evaluate the full potential of this new stimulus, a non‐macrocyclic anthracene‐based host was designed for the modular binding of cations. The structural investigation showed that 1O2 controlled the atropisomerism in an on/off fashion within the pair of hosts. The binding studies revealed higher association constants for the endoperoxide receptor compared to the parent anthracene, due to a more favoured preorganization of the recognition site. The fatigue of the 1O2 switchable hosts and their complexes was monitored over five cycles of cycloaddition/cycloreversion.
Fluorinated Dihydropentalene‐1,4‐Dione: A Strong Electron‐Accepting Unit with Organic Semiconductor Characteristics
Authors: Yokoyama Soichi , Ie Yutaka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe development of electron‐accepting units is of significant importance because the construction of donor (D)‐acceptor (A) configurations is an effective strategy for tuning the electronic properties of π‐conjugated systems. Although doubly fused pentagons represented by diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) have been used as an effective electron‐accepting unit, the relatively high‐lying frontier molecular orbital levels (FMOs) leave room for further improvement. We report herein the synthesis of a fluorinated dihydropentalene‐1,4‐dione (FPD) derivative as a strong electron‐accepting unit and the development of D−A−D π‐extended molecules. X‐ray analyses revealed that the presence of fluorine atoms contributed to the formation of high planar structures and slipped‐stacked packing. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the FPD derivatives showed relatively lower FMO energy levels than the corresponding DPP‐containing derivatives. The D−A−D molecule based on terthiophene and FPD showed semiconducting responses. This study demonstrates that the FPD unit can function as a new acceptor unit for organic semiconductors.
Investigation of silica nanoparticles grafted with sulphonated polymer for enhanced oil recovery at high temperature and high salt
Authors: Wenlong Qin , Guoqing Li , Lu Li , Hanxi Li , Ruixuan Li , Guowei Qin , Jiang Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNano‐fluids' application for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has attracted noticeable attention and formed a new research area in recent years. Currently, the greatest challenge in this area is to formulate stable nano‐fluids for oil reservoirs with high temperatures and salinity. To overcome the limitations of its application in high‐temperature drilling, polymer‐coated nanoparticles (SiO2‐PAMPS NPs) were prepared via solution polymerization of 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulphonic acid (AMPS) from the surface of aminopropyl‐functionalized silica nanoparticles. The SiO2‐PAMPS NPs were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results indicated that the AMPS was successfully grafted onto the surface of silica nanoparticles, and the average diameter of SiO2‐PAMPS NPs was about 16 nm. The nano‐fluids showed noticeable stability in American Petroleum Institute (API) brine (2 wt.% CaCl2 and 8 wt.% NaCl) at 90°C beyond 46 days. When amphipathic nanoparticles were introduced to brine at 90°C, the potential of the nano‐fluids in recovering oil was evaluated by investigating the interfacial tension with kerosene oil and the oil contact angle in the nano‐fluids. The contact angle of the glass sheet surface before treatment was about 144°, while after SiO2‐PAMPS NPs treatment for 72 h, it became about 92°. Meanwhile, the nano‐fluids showed an excellent enhancing emulsibility property, which plays a vital role in promoting the development of EOR in high‐temperature and high‐salt environments.
Disulfide Crosslinking‐Induced Aggregation: Towards Solid‐State Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Vastly Different Emission Colors†
Authors: Fu Rui , Song Haoqiang , Liu Xingjiang , Zhang Yongqiang , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Lu Siyu 
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive SummarySolid‐state fluorescent multi‐color carbon dots (SFM‐CDs), prepared using the same precursor(s) without the need for dispersion in a solid matrix, are highly demanded for a wide range of applications. Herein, we report a microwave‐assisted strategy for the preparation of SFM‐CDs with blue, yellow and red emissions within 5 min from the same precursors. The as‐prepared B‐CDs, Y‐CDs, and R‐CDs possessed bright fluorescence at 425 nm, 550 nm, and 640 nm, and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 54.68%, 17.93%, and 2.88%, respectively. The structure of SFM‐CDs consisted of 5‐oxo‐3,5‐dihydro‐2H‐thiazolo [3,2‐a] pyridine‐7‐carboxylic acid (TPCA) immobilized on the surface of a carbon core, with the size of the carbon core and degree of disulfide crosslinking between CDs both increasing on going from the B‐CDs to the R‐CDs, as verified by mechanochromic experiments. The excellent solid‐state fluorescence performance of the SFM‐CDs allowed their utilization as the fluorescent converter layer in multi‐color LEDs and white LEDs with a high color rendering index.
Total Synthesis of Starfish Cyclic Steroid Glycosides. Part 1, Synthesis of the Aglycone and Attempts at Installation of the Sugar Units
Authors: Shi Bingfeng , Chen Youxi , Geng Mingyu , Zhu Dapeng , Yu Biao 
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive SummarySepositoside A (1) is the major and first cyclic steroid glycoside isolated from starfishes, which features a strained 16‐membered ring formed by tethering C3 and C6 of the steroid aglycone with a linear trisaccharide. We conceived a convergent synthetic plan in which sepositoside A was disconnected into a disaccharide and a steroid‐glucose hybrid ether. The desired 3β,6β‐dihydroxy‐Δ7,8‐23‐ one aglcyone was readily prepared from dehydroepiandrosterone in 12 steps. The etherification of the 6β‐hydroxy‐Δ7,8‐steroid with a variety of hexopyranoside‐C6‐electrophiles and CO2‐extrusion of a steroid‐pyranose hybrid carbonate were extensively studied; however, formation of the desired steroid‐pyranose etherate linkage has not been successful. Model studies on the β‐selective installation of the (1→2)‐linked disaccharide onto the steroidal C3β‐OH with the corresponding disaccharide α‐imidates were also examined, however, formation of the α‐glycosides prevailed. The present results force us to explore alternative approaches to construct the steroid‐pyranose etherate linkage and stepwise assembly of the glycans en route to the starfish cyclic steroid glycosides, which will be presented in two articles that follow.