bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk-return tradeoff: are sustainable investors compensated adequately?
Authors: Bannier Christina E. , Bofinger Yannik , Rock Björn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate the returns from investing according to corporate social responsibility (CSR) criteria using factor model estimations for a large sample of U.S. firms over the period 2003–2017. To identify the CSR intensity that allows investors to optimize their portfolio returns for a given amount of risk, we relate factor-adjusted portfolio returns to a variety of risk measures. This consideration is important as equity risks have been shown to significantly decrease with CSR. Surprisingly, our results indicate that the lowest CSR-rated portfolios are able to outperform their higher CSR-rated counterparts: Not only do they show higher factor-adjusted returns but they also deliver higher return-to-risk ratios. This indicates that equity returns in our sample decrease even more strongly than the corresponding risks with rising CSR activity.
Gifts, growing, and love: A qualitative analysis of children’s literature depicting breastfeeding
Authors: Bianca Kelsey Palmer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChildren’s literature on the topic of breastfeeding is a niche form of media that has the potential to present breastfeeding in a different light because of a difference in audience and intent, but this media form is understudied. The aim of this study was to explore the portrayal of breastfeeding in English language children’s literature published between 1985 and 2020. This cross-sectional qualitative study explored the written and visual content of children’s literature on the topic of breastfeeding. This qualitative study utilized content analysis to explore 49 children’s books that depict breastfeeding as a major theme or story. Children’s books depict breastfeeding as an act of love that confers benefits beyond nutrition including being a symbolic gift, and conferring growth, and love. Breastfeeding is presented in these books by teaching how mammals feed their young or by teaching children about the function of breasts. These books also often include information for parents. Children’s literature depicting breastfeeding provides a unique avenue for the dissemination of breastfeeding resources and information. This research can inform lactation education practices in healthcare settings by normalizing breastfeeding.
A novel high-current, high-resolution, low-kinetic-energy electron source for inverse photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Ibach Harald , Sato Haruki , Kubo Mihiro , Tautz F. Stefan , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Bocquet François C. 
Published: April 2023

A high-current electron source for inverse photoemission spectroscopy is described. The source comprises a thermal cathode electron emission system, an electrostatic deflector-monochromator, and a lens system for variable kinetic energy (1.6–20 eV) at the target. When scaled to the energy resolution, the electron current is an order of magnitude higher than that of previously described electron sources developed in the context of electron energy loss spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the experimentally measured energy resolution turned out to be significantly better than calculated by standard programs, which include the electron–electron repulsion in the continuum approximation. The achieved currents are also significantly higher than predicted. We attribute this “inverse Boersch-effect” to a mechanism of velocity selection in the forward direction by binary electron–electron collisions.
Optimizing the sensitivity of high repetition rate broadband transient optical spectroscopy with modified shot-to-shot detection
Authors: Hall Siedah J. , Budden Peter J. , Zats Anne , Sfeir Matthew Y. 
Published: April 2023

A major limitation of transient optical spectroscopy is that relatively high laser fluences are required to enable broadband, multichannel detection with acceptable signal-to-noise levels. Under typical experimental conditions, many condensed phase and nanoscale materials exhibit fluence-dependent dynamics, including higher order effects such as carrier–carrier annihilation. With the proliferation of commercial laser systems, offering both high repetition rates and high pulse energies, have come new opportunities for high sensitivity pump-probe measurements at low pump fluences. However, experimental considerations needed to fully leverage the statistical advantage of these laser systems have not been fully described. Here, we demonstrate a high repetition rate, broadband transient spectrometer capable of multichannel shot-to-shot detection at 90 kHz. Importantly, we find that several high-speed cameras exhibit a time-domain fixed pattern noise resulting from interleaved analog-to-digital converters, which is particularly detrimental to the conventional “ON/OFF” modulation scheme used in pump-probe spectroscopy. Using a modified modulation and data processing scheme, we achieve a noise level of 10−5 in 4 s for differential transmission, an order of magnitude lower than for commercial 1 kHz transient spectrometers for the same acquisition time. We leverage the high sensitivity of this system to measure the differential transmission of monolayer graphene at low pump fluence. We show that signals on the order of 10−6 OD can be measured, enabling a new data acquisition regime for low-dimensional materials.
Supplementary comparison of national standard instruments in the field of magnetic flux density and magnetic flux measurements by sensing coils
Authors: Maslova Tatiana I , Serdiukov Sergey V , А Volegova Ekaterina , Albrecht Martin , Ulvr Michal , Harmon Stuart , He Jian 
Published: April 2023

Main text
The COOMET.EM-S26 (1715) supplementary comparison of national standard instruments in the field of magnetic flux density and magnetic flux measurements by sensing coils has been organized within the CCEM framework to test the abilities of the metrology institutes to measure magnetic flux density and magnetic flux.
Five NMIs participated in the supplementary comparison COOMET.EM-S26 (1715). Ural Research Institute for Metrology (UNIIM) (since 2020 it has been called Affiliated Branch of D.I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM-UNIIM)), Russian Federation, acted as the coordinating laboratory of the comparison.
The comparison on DC magnetic flux density and magnetic flux was carried out through the measurement of the coil constant of transfer standard coils. In general, very good agreement of the results has been observed.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Anticancer effects of DBD plasma-activated saline within different discharge modes
Authors: Xu Shengduo , Jing Xixi , Zhang Jishen , Liu Dingxin , Zhang Hao , Wang Zifeng , Chen Min , Zhou Renwu , Xu Yujing , Xu Han , Xu Dehui , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With a change in ambient temperature and discharge power, air discharge plasma can switch between two typical modes, namely the ozone mode and the NO
x
mode. Here, we analyze the physicochemical properties and anticancer effects of air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-activated saline (PAS) treated by ozone-riched gas produced in an ozone discharge mode, NO
x
-riched gas produced in a NO
x
discharge mode, and a mixture of both produced in the combined two modes simultaneously. The results show that gaseous and aqueous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generated by plasma vary in different discharge modes, correlating to the amount of high-valance nitroxides. In the ozone mode, ozone and minor N2O5 are generated in the gaseous phase and are transformed to aqueous ROS and RNS. In the NO
x
mode, low-valance RNS are generated in the gaseous phase but are transformed into less aqueous RNS. For the PAS produced by the mixed gases, not only the highest concentrated ROS are generated, but also the most abundant gaseous high-valence RNS are produced and transformed to aqueous RNS in the saline. In vitro experiments reveal that, although A375 cells incubated with these three PASs (30%) could all inhibit their viability by enhancing intracellular oxidative stress and inducing cell apoptosis, the PAS produced by the mixed gases has the strongest anticancer effects. Further studies suggest that high-valence RNS play a key role in PAS-induced anticancer effects.
Reducing damage of sputtering and improving conductivity of transparent electrodes for efficient semi-transparent perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Jie , Wu Yulin , Zhao Zeren , Wu Shan , Tang Xuan , Wang Jinyao , Mehmood Bilal , Yue Shizhong , Qu Shengchun , Wang Zhijie , Liu Kong , Liu Xiaoliang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used as an electrode in semi-transparent and tandem perovskite solar cells. However, damage from sputtering to under layers and the limited conductivity of ITO are still the two main obstacles that hinder further performance improvement of the devices. In this work, the effects and mechanism of sputtering damage and poor conductivity of ITO are investigated based on a traditional perovskite solar cell with bathocuproine (BCP) buffer layer. In order to suppress the sputtering damage, tin oxide (SnO2) is deposited on C60 to replace the BCP buffer layer. However, it is found that the deposition of SnO2 on the non-reactive C60 by atomic layer deposition will result in island growth of SnO2 film, which is the key reason for large dark current in solar cells. Fortunately, the phenomenon is inhibited by decorating C60 surface with WO3 thin film. In order to improve the conductivity of the transparent electrode, an ITO/Au/ITO multilayer architecture is designed. The fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the semi-transparent solar cells (ST-PSCs) with the modified buffer layer and electrodes reached 76.4% and 17.62%, respectively, showing an improvement of FF and PCE when compared to the device with BCP buffer layer and ITO electrode. It is revealed that the optimization also increases the short circuit current of the solar cells. These results provide new strategies for damage reduction of sputtering and performance improvement of ST-PSCs.
A new complex system fault detection method based on belief rule base for unreliable interval values
Authors: Zhou Guohui , Zhao Erkai , Yang Ruohan , Feng Zhichao , Cheng Xiaoyu , He Wei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Failures to equipment such as milling machines and inertial navigation systems (INSs) can affect their normal operation, resulting in economic losses and personal injury in severe cases. Therefore, fault detection is of great importance. Belief rule base (BRB) is an expert system that plays an important role in fault detection. The traditional BRB has some problems in the explosion of the number of combination rules, the process of model inference, and the process of parameter optimization. To better deal with the above problems, this paper proposes a complex system fault detection method based on an interval-valued BRB fault detection interval-valued (FDIV) and provides the construction and inference process of the method. In the method construction, the form of interval value and disjunction rules are introduced to solve the problem of the number explosion of combination rules, the indicator reliability is added to improve the accuracy of the method, and a new calculation method of rule availability is proposed. In the inference process, twice fusions are made based on evidence reasoning (ER) analysis algorithm and ER rule algorithm respectively to deal with the interval uncertainties. Moreover, the proposed FDIV method is optimized by the projection covariance matrix adaptive evolutionary strategy algorithm projection covariance matrix adaptive evolutionary strategy (P-CMA-ES). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through the research on milling fault detection and the experimental verification of INS fault detection. The superiority of the model was also confirmed through comparative experiments.
Origami-inspired soft-rigid hybrid contraction actuator and its application in pipe-crawling robot
Authors: Liu Jianbin , Ma Guoyu , Ma Zhuo , Zuo Siyang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A vacuum-driven inclined hexagonal prism soft-rigid hybrid contraction actuator inspired by Kresling origami pattern and with low driving pressure, high contraction ratio, and fast response was proposed. The advantages of soft-rigid hybrid vacuum contraction actuators over conventional positive-type oscillators were investigated. Under 30 kPa vacuum pressure, the actuator can realize a torsional angle of 87°, contraction ratio of 59%, contracting response time of 0.2 s, and restoring response time of 0.42 s. The design and fabrication of the proposed actuator were discussed. A mathematical model treating all creases as a combination of linear and torsion springs, which is firstly considered compared with previously proposed models of Kresling origami-based actuators, was established to predict the output performance. The excellent output force prediction performance of the proposed method was validated experimentally. To investigate the application potential of the proposed modular actuator, six actuators were assembled on a pipe-crawling robot that can crawl in horizontal, vertical, elbow rigid pipes as well as flexible pipes with inner diameters ranging from 55 to 71 mm. The robot achieved a maximum crawling velocity of 34.8 mm s−1 (0.226 body lengths per second) and maximum load of 1000 g (12.5 times its own weight) in tests. Thus, the excellent application potential of the proposed actuator was validated.
Design and fabrication of 3D-printed composite metastructure with subwavelength and ultrawide bandgaps
Authors: Muhammad  , Kennedy John , Ogun Oluwaseyi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Architected composite metastructures can exhibit a subwavelength ultrawide bandgap (BG) with prominent emerging applications in the structural vibration and noise control and, elastic wave manipulation. The present study implemented both forward and inverse design methods based on numerical simulations and machine learning (ML) methods, respectively to design and fabricate an architected composite metastructure exhibiting subwavelength and ultrawide BGs. The multilayer perceptron and radial basis function neural networks are developed for the inverse design of the composite metastructure and their accuracy and computation time are compared. The band structure revealed the presence of subwavelength and ultrawide BGs generated through local resonance and structural modes of the periodic composite lattice. Both in-plane and out-of-plane local resonant modes of the periodic lattice structure were responsible for inducing the BGs. The findings are confirmed by calculating numerical wave transmission curves and experiment tests on the fabricated supercell structures, utilizing 3D-printing technology. Both numerical and experimental results validate the ML prediction and the presence of subwavelength and ultrawide BG was observed. The design approach, research methodology and proposed composite metastructure will have a wide range of application in the structural vibration control and shock absorption.
Asymmetric full mode-converting transmission of elastic waves
Authors: Chai Yijun , Yao Shengjie , Yang Xiongwei , Li Yueming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Asymmetric transmission in which wave energy propagates only in one direction attracts significant attention in various fields because of its rich physics and potential applications. In this work, we propose an elastic mode-converting metamaterial, which allows a full-power mode-converting transmission from longitudinal waves to transverse waves in the forward direction, while completely restricts the L wave transmission in the inverse direction. The metamaterial is designed by simply cutting two arrays of periodic silts on a matrix by exploring a straight design methodology, and thus very friendly for fabrication and application. Eigen-frequency analysis shows that the bilayer metamaterial exhibits two modes with significantly close natural frequencies around the working frequency, one for full-power mode-converting transmission, and the other for asymmetric transmission. Ultrasonic experiments are carried out to validate the proposed design. Our work offers a simple and efficient way for the realization of a complete one-way mode-converting transmission, and could be critically useful in designing diode-like meta-devices for novel wave manipulations.
Effect of thickness on the superconducting properties of the thin films of FeTe0.55Se0.45 deposited on YSZ substrates using Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique
Authors: Chauhan Himanshu , Miglani Shivam Kumar , Mitra A , Varma G D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report the successful fabrication of thin films of thickness ∼26 nm, 59 nm, 76 nm, and 158 nm of the composition FeTe0.55Se0.45 on the (100)-oriented Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The effect of thickness on the structure and superconducting properties of the thin films has been investigated. X-ray diffraction study reveals the growth of thin films along the c-axis. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements confirm superconductivity in all the fabricated thin films, and the highest

T

c

onset

∼ 16.2 K has been observed for the thin film of thickness ∼59 nm, which is higher than the corresponding value of the polycrystalline target sample. The superconducting parameters such as upper critical magnetic field

H

c
2

0

,

coherence length

ξ

0

,

thermally activated energy (TAE) U0, and vortex phase state have been measured by magnetotransport measurements near

T

c

in the different applied magnetic fields up to 12 T. The TAE values determined from the conventional and modified thermally activated flux flow (TAFF) models are discussed and compared. A crossover from 2-dimensional (2D) vortex to 3-dimensional (3D) vortex behaviour has been observed. The vortex phase diagrams are used to observe the transition from the vortex liquid to the vortex glass state in the grown thin films. Moreover, magnetoresistance (MR) measurements show non-saturating linear magnetoresistance (LMR) in the high field region, indicating the presence of the possible topological state in the grown thin films. The values of magnetic field dependent transport critical current density,

J

c

H

have been evaluated from the current-voltage (I-V) curves. Furthermore, the normalised pinning force density has been used to characterize the pinning processes using the Dew Hughes’ scaling rule which reveals that the grown thin films contain δl-surface pinning centers.
Topological slow light waveguide in photonic valley-locked heterostructures
Authors: Zheng Wang , Wang Yueke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, a photonic valley-locked heterostructure is proposed, which is composed of a Dirac photonic crystal (DPC) and two valley photonic crystals (VPC), with opposite valley Chern numbers. By modifying the size of rods nearest to the domain walls, the topological valley waveguide state (TVWS) with large group index (n

g
= 100) can be found, which is called topological slow-light waveguide mode (TSWM). The simulation results based on finite element method demonstrate that the TSWM supports high energy capacity in the proposed heterostructure waveguide, which is suitable for integrating with the existing waveguides. Besides, TSWM is also valley-locked and immune to backscattering. Our finding paves a way of topological slow light, enrich the research of VPCs, and has new applications in optical communication devices.
Polarization-independent high contrast grating 1300 nm dot-in-a-well InAs quantum-dot VCSEL
Authors: Mahjoory Ali , Maleki Mona , Baghban Hamed , Sheikhey Mohammad Mohsen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
High contrast grating (HCG) 1300 nm InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) has been introduced in this manuscript and the impact of device structure on the self-heating effect and device temperature has been investigated. A self-consistent model that couples the opto-electro-thermal model of the device to the optical gain model is used to calculate optical gain. Simulated results indicate that the proposed structure significantly lowers the hole-burning effect due to a decrease in temperature. So, in contrast to the conventional QD-VCSELs, the HCG QD-VCSEL exhibits better carrier confinement due to hole quantum efficiency of 54% as opposed to 45% for the conventional QD-VCSELs at their rollover current density. Also, results show an improvement of 66% in the maximum output power from the HCG QD-VCSEL compared to a conventional QD-VCSEL structure. In addition, the 3-dB modulation bandwidth has been boosted compared to conventional QD-VCSELs.
Nonlinear phase accumulation for a linear path delay in low coherence fourier transform spectral interferometry
Authors: Athira T S , Naik Dinesh N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A scheme to measure path delay in spectral interferometry by observing the phase accumulated by the superposed field is presented. Through the interference with an additional reference beam maintained at an out-of-phase condition near zero optical path delay with respect to the sample probe beam, a nonlinearity in measured phase is observed. A detailed simulation is presented, and its experimental proof-of concept demonstration is attempted using the classic low coherence spectral interferometry. The spectral phase is measured from the modulations in the recorded spectral interference using Fourier transform method of fringe analysis. A systematic calibration for setting up the experiment even with unknown parameters like amplitude ratio among the interfering fields, and location of the zero optical path delay is also provided.
Facile synthesis of different metals doped α-PbO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye
Authors: Geldasa Fikadu Takele , Kebede Mesfin Abayneh , Shura Megersa Wodajo , Andoshe Dinsefa Mensur , Tegegne Newayemedhin A , Hone Fekadu Gashaw 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In recent days, metallic oxide semiconductor nanoparticles have drawn attention to the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. In the present work, undoped and different metals (Sn, Co, Cu, Ni, and Li)-doped of α-PbO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a facile chemical precipitations method. The obtained nanoparticles were further studied by using different characterization techniques. The XRD results confirmed that the prepared nanoparticles were a tetragonal, α-PbO phase crystal structure without mixing other PbO phases. The obtained optical band gaps from UV–vis DRS analysis were 2.03 eV, 2.68 eV, 1.61 eV, 1.78 eV, 1.67 eV, and 2.00 eV for pristine α-PbO, Sn, Co, Cu, Ni, and Li doped α-PbO respectively. From the PL emission, the lowest PL intensity of the doped samples indicated the low recombination of the electron-hole pairs that improved the photocatalytic performance of pristine α-PbO. SEM and EDX were used to analyze the surface morphology and composition of the synthesized nanoparticles, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared nanoparticles were assessed through the degradation of the Methylene Blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation. The UV–visible spectrophotometer analysis showed that the MB dye concentration decreased as the irradiation time varied from 20 to 100 min. The results showed that within 100 min, the Sn-doped α-PbO nanoparticles possessed the maximum degradation efficiency compared to other metal-doped α-PbO nanoparticles, with 100% MB dye degradation compared to 94.76% by pristine α-PbO. This was due to the increased visible light harvesting, which aided in the photocatalytic degradation of MB dye.