bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can helicopter parenting be beneficial for parent–child relationships? A person-centered approach in the United States and South Korea
Authors: Hwang Woosang , Jung Eunjoo , Kim Seonghee , Hadi Narges 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionWe aimed to uncover latent classes of maternal and paternal helicopter parenting among American and Korean college students and to examine whether latent classes of maternal and paternal helicopter parenting are associated with parent– child relationships.MethodsWe conducted three-step latent class analyses using five helicopter parenting indicators for 433 mother–child and 401 father-child groups in the United States and 207 mother–child and 195 father-child groups in South Korea.ResultsWe identified the same three helicopter parenting latent classes (strong, weak, and managed) in mother–child and father-child groups in the United States and Korea. In addition, we found that American and Korean college students in strong and managed helicopter parenting latent classes reported better parent– child relationships than those in the weak class regardless of parents’ gender.DiscussionOur findings indicate that helicopter parenting is multidimensional and can be similarly interpreted by college students in Western and Eastern societies. Further, our findings suggest that helicopter parenting could be helpful for college students to establish an intimate relationship with their parents.
Usability of the IDDEAS prototype in child and adolescent mental health services: A qualitative study for clinical decision support system development
Authors: Clausen Carolyn , Leventhal Bennett , Nytrø Øystein , Koposov Roman , Røst Thomas Brox , Westbye Odd Sverre , Koochakpour Kaban , Frodl Thomas , Stien Line , Skokauskas Norbert 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionChild and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) clinical decision support system (CDSS) provides clinicians with real-time support as they assess and treat patients. CDSS can integrate diverse clinical data for identifying child and adolescent mental health needs earlier and more comprehensively. Individualized Digital Decision Assist System (IDDEAS) has the potential to improve quality of care with enhanced efficiency and effectiveness.MethodsWe examined IDDEAS usability and functionality in a prototype for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a user-centered design process and qualitative methods with child and adolescent psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Participants were recruited from Norwegian CAMHS and were randomly assigned patient case vignettes for clinical evaluation, with and without IDDEAS. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as one part of testing the usability of the prototype following a five-question interview guide. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed following qualitative content analysis.ResultsParticipants were the first 20 individuals from the larger IDDEAS prototype usability study. Seven participants explicitly stated a need for integration with the patient electronic health record system. Three participants commended the step-by-step guidance as potentially helpful for novice clinicians. One participant did not like the aesthetics of the IDDEAS at this stage. All participants were pleased about the display of the patient information along with guidelines and suggested that wider guideline coverage will make IDDEAS much more useful. Overall, participants emphasized the importance of maintaining the clinician as the decision-maker in the clinical process, and the overall potential utility of IDDEAS within Norwegian CAMHS.ConclusionChild and adolescent mental health services psychiatrists and psychologists expressed strong support for the IDDEAS clinical decision support system if better integrated in daily workflow. Further usability assessments and identification of additional IDDEAS requirements are necessary. A fully functioning, integrated version of IDDEAS has the potential to be an important support for clinicians in the early identification of risks for youth mental disorders and contribute to improved assessment and treatment of children and adolescents.
Synapses, predictions, and prediction errors: A neocortical computational study of MDD using the temporal memory algorithm of HTM
Authors: Sherif Mohamed A. , Khalil Mostafa Z. , Shukla Rammohan , Brown Joshua C. , Carpenter Linda L. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionSynapses and spines play a significant role in major depressive disorder (MDD) pathophysiology, recently highlighted by the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine and psilocybin. According to the Bayesian brain and interoception perspectives, MDD is formalized as being stuck in affective states constantly predicting negative energy balance. To understand how spines and synapses relate to the predictive function of the neocortex and thus to symptoms, we used the temporal memory (TM), an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm. TM models a single neocortical layer, learns in real-time, and extracts and predicts temporal sequences. TM exhibits neocortical biological features such as sparse firing and continuous online learning using local Hebbian-learning rules.MethodsWe trained a TM model on random sequences of upper-case alphabetical letters, representing sequences of affective states. To model depression, we progressively destroyed synapses in the TM model and examined how that affected the predictive capacity of the network. We found that the number of predictions decreased non-linearly.ResultsDestroying 50% of the synapses slightly reduced the number of predictions, followed by a marked drop with further destruction. However, reducing the synapses by 25% distinctly dropped the confidence in the predictions. Therefore, even though the network was making accurate predictions, the network was no longer confident about these predictions.DiscussionThese findings explain how interoceptive cortices could be stuck in limited affective states with high prediction error. Connecting ketamine and psilocybin’s proposed mechanism of action to depression pathophysiology, the growth of new synapses would allow representing more futuristic predictions with higher confidence. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use the TM model to connect changes happening at synaptic levels to the Bayesian formulation of psychiatric symptomatology. Linking neurobiological abnormalities to symptoms will allow us to understand the mechanisms of treatments and possibly, develop new ones.
Primary care providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to prediabetes in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pi Linhua , Yan Jianru , Fei Dongxue , Zheng Ying , Shi Xiajie , Wang Zhen , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe management of prediabetes has great clinical significance, and primary care providers (PCPs) play important roles in the management and prevention of diabetes in China. Nevertheless, little is known about PCPs' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding prediabetes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the KAP regarding prediabetes among PCPs in the Central China region.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered KAP questionnaires among PCPs from Central China region.ResultsIn total, 720 PCPs completed the survey. Most physicians (85.8%) claimed to be aware of the adverse effects of prediabetes and reported positive attitudes toward prediabetes prevention, but the PCPs' knowledge of prediabetes and management practices showed substantial gaps. The prediabetes knowledge level and practice subscale scores of the PCPs were only 54.7% and 32.6%, respectively, of the corresponding optimal scores. Female PCPs showed higher prediabetes knowledge level scores (p = 0.04) and better practice scores (p = 0.038). Knowledge and attitude scores were inversely correlated with participants' age and duration of practice (p &lt; 0.001). The PCPs who served in township hospitals had significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores than those who served in village clinics (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, knowledge and practice scores increased with increasing professional titles. Recent continuing medical education (CME) attendance had a significant positive influence on knowledge of prediabetes (p = 0.029), but more than four-fifths of the surveyed PCPs did not participate in diabetes-related CME in the past year.ConclusionsSubstantial gaps were observed in PCPs' knowledge and practices regarding prediabetes in the Central China region. CME programmes were under-utilized by PCPs. Structured programmes are required to improve PCPs' prediabetes-related knowledge and practices in China.
Cost benefit analysis of alternative testing and quarantine policies for travelers for infection control: A case study of Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lou Jing , Lim Nigel Wei-Han , Cai Celestine Grace XueTing , Dickens Borame Sue Lee , Huynh Vinh Anh , Wee Hwee-Lin 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundBorder control mitigates local infections but bears a heavy economic cost, especially for tourism-reliant countries. While studies have supported the efficacy of border control in suppressing cross-border transmission, the trade-off between costs from imported and secondary cases and from lost economic activities has not been studied. This case study of Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic aims to understand the impacts of varying quarantine length and testing strategies on the economy and health system. Additionally, we explored the impact of permitting unvaccinated travelers to address emerging equity concerns. We assumed that community transmission is stable and vaccination rates are high enough that inbound travelers are not dissuaded from traveling.MethodsThe number of travelers was predicted considering that longer quarantine reduces willingness to travel. A micro-simulation model predicted the number of COVID-19 cases among travelers, the resultant secondary cases, and the probability of being symptomatic in each group. The incremental net monetary benefit (INB) of Singapore was quantified under each border-opening policy compared to pre-opening status, based on tourism receipts, cost/profit from testing and quarantine, and cost and health loss due to COVID-19 cases.ResultsCompared to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rapid antigen test (ART) detects fewer imported cases but results in fewer secondary cases. Longer quarantine results in fewer cases but lower INB due to reduced tourism receipts. Assuming the proportion of unvaccinated travelers is small (8% locally and 24% globally), allowing unvaccinated travelers will accrue higher INB without exceeding the intensive care unit (ICU) capacity. The highest monthly INB from all travelers is $2,236.24 m, with 46.69 ICU cases per month, achieved with ARTs at pre-departure and on arrival without quarantine. The optimal policy in terms of highest INB is robust under changes to various model assumptions. Among all cost-benefit components, the top driver for INB is tourism receipts.ConclusionsWith high vaccination rates locally and globally alongside stable community transmission, opening borders to travelers regardless of vaccination status will increase economic growth in the destination country. The caseloads remain manageable without exceeding ICU capacity, and costs of cases are offset by the economic value generated from travelers.
Effects of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep on sleep quality and mental health among patients with COVID-19 treated in Fangcang shelter hospitals
Authors: Peng Jiaxi , Zhang Tian , Li Yijun , Wu Lin , Peng Xiyuan , Li Chenxi , Lin Xinxin , Yu Jing , Mao Li , Sun Jingjing , Fang Peng 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionWith the COVID-19 pandemic in China, a large number of mild or ordinary confirmed cases have been sent to Fangcang shelter hospitals for treatment. We aimed to investigate the mental health condition of Fangcang patients 2 years after the pandemic when patients knew more about COVID-19 and the virus was less virulent. We focused on the effect of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep on depression, anxiety, and insomnia.MethodsA total of 1,014 patients from two large Fangcang shelter hospitals in Shanghai between 22 April and 8 May 2022 completed a set of questionnaires comprising: the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Insomnia Severity Index scale.ResultsResults show that the positive screening rates for anxiety, depression, and insomnia among tested patients were 55.3, 27.0, and 47.8%, respectively. Patients were more likely to report higher anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and to endorse affective and sleep disorders if they were: female, aged 18–40 years, with undergraduate course or above, white-collar employees, or those who thought the pandemic would have severe economic effects. About 51.4% of the participants had dysfunctional beliefs about sleep to varying degrees. Compared with patients who had accurate beliefs about sleep, the ratios of insomnia, anxiety, and depression were significantly higher among patients with dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.DiscussionAttention should be paid to the mental health problems of patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals. The results indicate that dysfunctional beliefs about sleep significantly increased anxiety, depression, and insomnia of Fangcang patients.
Incidence of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among adolescent girls and young women at risk of HIV infection in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Namukisa Mary , Kamacooko Onesmus , Lunkuse Jane Frances , Ruzagira Eugene , Price Matt A. , Mayanja Yunia 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, one in every five young women becomes pregnant, and 50% of these are unintended. Pregnancies in adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are associated with poorer maternal and neonatal outcomes and a high abortion rate, yet data are still limited on incident pregnancies among AGYW in vulnerable situations. We studied the incidence and factors associated with unintended pregnancy among AGYW who were frequently engaged in transactional sex in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsWe analyzed data from a study that investigated the uptake of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis among AGYW from January 2019 to December 2020. Volunteers attended 3-monthly study visits for 12 months each. Contraceptive services were provided to interested volunteers free of charge. Interviewers collected data on sociodemographics, sexual behavior, reproductive health outcomes, and substance use. Pregnancy was determined by testing for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in urine. The pregnancy incidence rate was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier technique, and logistic regression was used to determine the correlates of pregnancy.ResultsWe included 285 volunteers with a mean age of 19.9 [standard deviation (SD), ± 2.24] years; 54.7% had attained secondary school education or higher, 57.2% were single (never married), 92.6% reported engaging in transactional sex, 21.0% reported sex work as their main job, 51.9% consumed alcohol in the month prior to the interview, of whom 12.8% consumed alcohol daily, and 25.3% had Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The mean age at first sexual intercourse was 15.7 (SD, ±2.1) years. We recorded 44 pregnancies over 187.2 person-years of follow-up, an incidence of 23.5 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI), 17.5–31.6]. Incident pregnancies were more likely among volunteers who had ≥10 sexual partners in the past 3 months [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.97; 95% CI, 1.05–3.70] and those who reported not using contraception (aRR 5.89; 95% CI, 2.74–12.66). Incident pregnancies were less likely among those who reported alcohol consumption in the past month (aRR 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30–0.90).ConclusionThe incidence of unintended pregnancy was high despite the availability of free contraceptive services. We recommend sociobehavioral studies to explore this further. Sexual and reproductive health campaigns should strengthen demand creation and motivation to use contraception among young women with multiple sexual partners.
Characteristics of antimicrobial peptide OaBac5mini and its bactericidal mechanism against Escherichia coli
Authors: Shen Shanshan , Sun Yawei , Ren Fei , Blair Jessica M. A. , Siasat Pauline , Fan Shuaiqi , Hu Jianhe , He Junping 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in defending against the attack of pathogenic microorganisms. Among them, the proline-rich antibacterial peptides (PrAMPs) have been attracting close attention due to their simple structure, strong antibacterial activity, and low cell toxicity. OaBac5mini is an active fragment of the sheep-derived OaBac5 belonging to the PrAMPs family.MethodsIn this study, the antibacterial activity of OaBac5mini was investigated by testing the MICs against different stains of E. coli and S. aureus as well as the time-kill curve. The bactericidal mechanism was explored by determining the effect of OaBac5mini on the cell membrane. The stability and biosafety were also evaluated.ResultsThe susceptibility test demonstrated that OaBac5mini showed potent antibacterial activity against the multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates. It is noticeable that the absence of inner membrane protein SbmA in E. coli ATCC 25922 caused the MIC of OaBac5mini to increase 4-fold, implying OaBac5mini can enter into the cytoplasm via SbmA and plays its antibacterial activity. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of OaBac5mini against E. coli ATCC 25922 was not remarkably affected by the serum salts except for CaCl2 at a physiological concentration, pH, temperature, repeated freeze-thawing and proteases (trypsin &lt; 20 μg/mL, pepsin or proteinase K). Time-kill curve analysis showed OaBac5mini at the concentration of 200 μg/mL (8 × MICs) could effectively kill E. coli ATCC 25922 after co-incubation for 12 h. In addition, OaBac5mini was not hemolytic against rabbit red blood cells and also was not cytotoxic to porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Bioinformatic analysis indicated that OaBac5mini is a linear peptide with 8 net positive charges. Furthermore, OaBac5mini significantly increased the outer membrane permeability and impaired the inner membrane integrity and ultrastructure of E. coli ATCC25922.ConclusionOaBac5mini is a stable and potent PrAMP that kills E. coli by two different modes of action - inhibiting intracellular target(s) and damaging cell membrane.
The Role of Internet Use and Offline Social Engagement in the Health of Chinese Older Adults: Evidence from Nationally Representative Samples
Authors: Li Chanyan , Mo Wanli , Wei Qingwang 
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the association between internet use as a novel type of social engagement and the health of older adults, and evaluated the role of online versus offline social activities through nationally representative samples. Participants aged ≥ 60 in the datasets from the Chinese sample of the World Value Survey (NSample 1 = 598) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, NSample 2 = 9434) were selected. Correlation analysis presented the positive relationships between internet use and self-reported health in both Sample 1 (r = 0.17, p < 0.001) and Sample 2 (r = 0.09, p < 0.001). In addition, the relationships between internet use and both self-reported health and depression (r = −0.14, p < 0.001) were stronger than the correlation between offline social activities and health outcomes in Sample 2. After accounting for the frequency of traditional social activities, regression analysis revealed the relationship between internet use and higher self-reported health (βSample 1 = 0.16, p < 0.001; βSample 2 = 0.04, p < 0.001) and lower depressive symptom scores (β = −0.05, p < 0.001) This research contributes to the existing body of literature on the favorable relationship between social engagement and health outcomes among Chinese older adults. Additionally, it identifies the social benefits of internet use for health promotion among older adults.
Surface-Bulk 2D Spin-Crossover Nanoparticles within Ising-like Model Solved by Using Entropic Sampling Technique
Authors: Cazelles Catherine , Ndiaye Mamadou , Dahoo Pierre , Linares Jorge , Boukheddaden Kamel 
Published: February 2023

We model the thermal effects in different 2D spin-crossover (SCO) square lattices within the frame of the Ising-like model using Monte Carlo entropic sampling (MCES) method to enhance the scan of macrostates beyond the most probable thermal ones. In fact, MCES allows access to the metastable states, and it is then well adapted to study thermal hysteresis properties. In this contribution, we distinguish, for the first time, the interaction between molecules located in bulk at the surface and those connecting the bulk and surface regions of an SCO lattice. In addition, an extra ligand field contribution is assigned to surface molecules through an interaction parameter L. In the absence of environmental effects on surface nanoparticles, a single thermal hysteresis loop increasing with the lattice size is simulated with a unique bulk and surface equilibrium temperature Teq=Teqbulk= Teqsurf. When environmental effects are accounted for, a two-step behavior associated with two hysteresis loops of widths ΔTS (for the surface) and ΔTB (for the bulk) with an intermediate plateau 14 K wide is obtained in the thermal dependence of the high-spin (HS) fraction for the 6 × 6 lattice. The surface and bulk equilibrium temperatures are then different, both decreasing towards lower values, and the L parameter controls the three states’ behavior as well as the hysteresis loop interval. Size effects show that the equilibrium temperature is governed by the surface atoms for a small lattice size (5 × 5) and by the bulk atoms for a large lattice size (7 × 7). Moreover, a change in the size of the lattice results in a variation of the order–disorder (or Curie) temperature, TO.D., and the surface equilibrium temperature, Teq, while only TO.D. changes in bulk.
FIRM SIZE MEMODERASI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PADA NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Sastrawan Rahman , Perdhana Ariefanda Iqbal , Hendreo Chornolius 
Published: February 2023

<p align="justify">The establishment of a company can advance the economy and improve people's welfare. However, companies are also required to be able to increase the welfare of shareholders by increasing the value of the company. There are several factors that influence company value, namely corporate social responsibility (CSR) and good corporate governance (GCG). This study aims to see how much influence CSR and GCG have on company value, while firm size is a moderating variable for companies registered at CGPI for the 2017-2021 implementation period. This study uses the method of clarity (explanation) with secondary data (financial reports and CGPI data). Hypothesis testing uses the WarpPLS application with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The results of the study show that CSR carried out by companies does not have a significant impact on firm value even though it is reinforced by firm size, while GCG influences firm value by strengthening firm size. This research is useful as a research reference in the field of accounting, as well as providing information in making investment decisions in a company.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance, Company Size, Company</p>