bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new dipnoan species Janvierpaucidentes tuulingi gen. et sp. nov. from the Pragian (Early Devonian) of Mimerdalen, Svalbard (Norway), with an unusual dentition
Authors: Johanson Zerina , Newman Michael , Rangel-De Lazaro Gizeh , Smith Moya M. , Jones Roger 
Published: May 2023

A new dipnoan lower jaw from the Wood Bay Formation (Pragian) of Svalbard (Norway), preserves a partial dentary and partial toothplates referred to the new species Janvierpaucidentes tuulingi gen. et sp. nov. The more complete toothplate is elongate with three short rows of teeth but is damaged medially. A large number of dipnoans are known from the early Devonian, showing a range of dentitions. Other tooth-plated dipnoans from this time period include Diabolepis speratus, Speonesydrion iani, Tarachomylax oepiki, Tarachomylax multicostatus, Ichnomylax kurnae and Ichnomylax karatajae, and two unnamed toothplates from Vietnam. In Melanognathus canadensis, rows of teeth are located along the prearticular, which is otherwise covered in a shagreen of denticles; this denticle-dominated dentition also characterized Uranolophus wyomingensis. The dentition of Janvierpaucidentes tuulingi differs from these toothplate morphologies and is highly unusual in having the more rostral and caudal tooth rows nearly paralleling the jaw margin, with a maximum angle between the tooth rows approaching 180 degrees. In this character, Janvierpaucidentes tuulingi is more comparable to taxa such as Xylognathus macrustenus from the Carboniferous, increasing the already high disparity of lungfish dental morphology in the Devonian.
Aristide's apology, its form and addressee
Authors: Samoilov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich 
Published: May 2023

The object of the study is early Christian apologetics as a socio-cultural phenomenon. In modern science, the issue related to the audience of early Christian apologies is actively discussed. A number of apologies of the second century, as is known, are addressed directly to the rulers of the Roman Empire themselves. But is such an addressee genuine? Or is there a masterfully executed literary stylization in front of us? The subject of our research is the apology of Aristide. Aristide, according to ancient church historians, was the first apologist of Christianity who submitted his work to the Emperor Hadrian. However, the Syriac translation of the apology indicates the Emperor Antoninus Pius as the addressee. Thus, we are faced with two questions: 1) which of the two emperors was the addressee in the original apology; 2) is the imperial addressee real or is he a literary fiction? In the course of the study, the author came to the following conclusions. Firstly, we have no reason to prefer the Syriac version of the apology to all the data of the church-historical tradition. This data is confirmed by the Armenian translation of the apology. It should also be pointed out that the Syrian addressee contains a number of errors and resembles, rather, a later interpolation. Secondly, the content of the apology convinces that it is designed for an educated pagan, and not for a Christian. And there is every reason to believe that the Emperor Hadrian really acted as such an addressee. At the same time, it should be noted that the apology does not represent an official petition addressed to the emperor, we have before us a literary work written in the protreptic genre.
Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Maatof B. , Hazzazi I. , Nabawi H. , Eljamili M. , El Karimi S. , Elhattaoui M. 
Published: May 2023

Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is characterized by trabeculations in either one or both ventricles. Clinical presentation is highly variable: dyspnea, palpitation, thromboembolic events, arrhythmia, or sudden cardiac death. There are currently no universally-accepted criteria for classifying and diagnosing left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the diagnostic exam of choice. The diagnosis is often missed or delayed because of a lack of knowledge about this uncommon disease. Progression of LVNC is highly variable and prognosis is very difficult to predict.
We report a case of a 50-year-old female patient with a history of total thyroidectomy under hormonal supplementation who consults for dyspnea and paroxysmal palpitations revealing an isolated LVNC.
This case emphasizes the importance of imaging techniques, which are, TTE and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early diagnosis, management, and follow-up.
Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Perception among Undergraduates of University of Ibadan, Ibadan, South West, Nigeria
Authors: Omeneki Faith Odion , Ipingbemi Aduke Elizabeth , Abonyi Emmanuel Ebuka 
Published: May 2023

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among young adults have continued to be on the increase and serious remain public health concern. The study assessed the knowledge and risk perception of STIs among undergraduate students in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods: A total of 1085 students were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, perceived risk and knowledge on STIs. Data was entered into IBM-SPSS version 23 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was used to evaluate categorical variables, p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results: Out of 1085 questionnaires distributed, 1050 were returned giving a response rate of 96.8%. Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) was the most frequently mentioned STI (898, 86.3%). Majority (967, 94.0%) agreed that some STIs manifest with symptoms. The most identified symptom was abnormal vaginal/penis discharge (731, 78.0%). Majority (1006, 97.4%) indicated that STI treatment should be sought first from hospital. Majority (1007, 96.5%) recognized sexually active persons with multiple sex partners are at high risk of STI acquisition, 522 (51.1%) recognized oral sex as a risky behavior. The mean knowledge score of the participants was 8.8±2.7.
Conclusion: Participants identify sexual risky behaviors and practices as predisposal to STIs. There is a knowledge gap of STIs among participants which may be improved by reviewing the educational curriculum of a mandatory course which was participants’ main source of education on STI.
Education case report: CAMPEP Medical Physics PhD education program within Engineering
Authors: Pogue Brian W. , Gladstone David J. , Zhang Rongxiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMedical physics doctoral programs have large variations in organization, administration and financing. Blending a medical physics stream into an engineering graduate program has advantages of pre‐existing financial and educational infrastructures.A case study of the accredited program at Dartmouth was carried out, analyzing operational, financial, educational and outcome features.The support structures provided by each institutional partner were outlined, including engineering school, graduate school, and radiation oncology. The initiatives undertaken by founding faculty were reviewed, along with allocated resources, financial model, and peripheral entrepreneurship activities, each with quantitative outcome metrics.Currently 14 PhD students are enrolled, supported by 22 faculty across both engineering and clinical departments. The total peer‐reviewed publications are ≈75/year, while the conventional medical physics fraction of this is about 14/year. Following program formation, a significant rise was seen in jointly published papers between engineering and medical physics faculty, up from 5.6 to 13.3 papers/year, with students publishing an average of 11.3/person with 5.7/person as first author. Student support was predominantly via federal grants, with a stable $5.5million/year, using about $610K/year supporting student stipends and tuition. First year funding, recruiting and staff support were via engineering school. Faculty teaching effort was supported by agreement with each home department, and student services were provided by engineering and graduate schools. Student outcomes were exceptional, with high numbers of presentations, awards, and residency placements at research universities.The lack of financial and student support in medical physics can be mitigated by this hybrid design of blending medical physics doctoral students into an engineering graduate program, providing complementary strengths. Future growth in medical physics programs might consider following this pathway, strengthening research collaborations for clinical physics and engineering faculty, as long as there is vested commitment to teach by the faculty and department leadership.
Constructing High‐Efficiency Orange‐Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Polymers by Excited State Energy Levels Regulation via Backbone Engineering
Authors: Hua Lei , Liu Yuchao , Zhao Haisong , Chen Shangyun , Zhang Yuzhuo , Yan Shouke , Ren Zhongjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have attracted extensive attention because of their 100% theoretical exciton utilization. Solution‐processable orange‐red TADF polymers are one of indispensable participants. Herein, a series of orange‐red TADF polymers with dibenzothiophene (DBT) and carbazole (Cz) units as joint backbones are synthesized. Their performance can be successfully optimized by regulating the connection positions of DBT units through backbone engineering. It is found that the pNAI37 series with DBT units embedded in the polymeric backbones at the 3, 7 sites display a better performance than those connected at the 2, 8 sites. The optimal polymer, pNAI3705, exhibits a better excited state nature, leading to the photoluminescence quantum yield of 60%. Consequently, pNAI3705 based organic light‐emitting diodes reach a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.16%, and maintain 10.61% at 500 cd m−2, which is in first tier among orange‐red polymers. These results unambiguously suggest the potential application of the combined DBT and Cz backbones in TADF polymers. This design strategy may provide a versatile approach for optimizing the properties of TADF polymers through backbone engineering.
Selective Detection of Intracellular Drug Metabolism by Metal‐Organic Framework‐Coated Plasmonic Nanowire
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Murasugi Taku , Watanabe Kotomi , Wen Han , Tian Ya , Ricci Monica , Rocha Susana , Inose Tomoko , Kasai Hitoshi , Taemaitree Farsai , Uji‐i Hiroshi , Hirai Kenji , Fortuni Beatrice 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnveiling intracellular drug metabolism is crucial for improving drug development, which requires real‐time detection with molecular selectivity in the intracellular environment. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with metal nanoparticles enables the detection of molecules in living cells, but after entering the cells, most nanoparticles are captured into vesicles, limiting the SERS detection inside these compartments. Moreover, the identification of the target signal in the complex intracellular environment is challenging due to Raman fingerprints from endogenous material interfering with the drug signal. To overcome these issues, here the coating of a silver nanowire with zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) as a novel endoscopic probe with molecular selectivity to investigate the location and metabolism in cells of a common anticancer drug, irinotecan, is reported. Irinotecan in cells is metabolized by carboxylesterase to form SN‐38, which inhibits topoisomerase I and DNA synthesis. Thanks to the molecular selectivity of ZIF‐8, the endoscopic probe selectively adsorbs and detects SERS signal of SN‐38 over irinotecan. This selectivity enables monitoring of the conversion of irinotecan into SN‐38 and following its intracellular location over time. This work clearly shows the potential of metal‐organic framework‐coated nanowire endoscopy to specifically track drug molecules and explore their metabolism in cells.
Mesenchymal Migration on Adhesive–Nonadhesive Alternate Surfaces in Macrophages
Authors: Xing Fulin , Dong Hao , Yang Jianyu , Fan Chunhui , Hou Mengdi , Zhang Ping , Hu Fen , Zhou Jun , Chen Liangyi , Pan Leiting , Xu Jingjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMesenchymal migration usually happens on adhesive substrates, while cells adopt amoeboid migration on low/nonadhesive surfaces. Protein‐repelling reagents, e.g., poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG), are routinely employed to resist cell adhering and migrating. Contrary to these perceptions, this work discovers a unique locomotion of macrophages on adhesive–nonadhesive alternate substrates in vitro that they can overcome nonadhesive PEG gaps to reach adhesive regions in the mesenchymal mode. Adhering to extracellular matrix regions is a prerequisite for macrophages to perform further locomotion on the PEG regions. Podosomes are found highly enriched on the PEG region in macrophages and support their migration across the nonadhesive regions. Increasing podosome density through myosin IIA inhibition facilitates cell motility on adhesive–nonadhesive alternate substrates. Moreover, a developed cellular Potts model reproduces this mesenchymal migration. These findings together uncover a new migratory behavior on adhesive–nonadhesive alternate substrates in macrophages.
Effect of Hole Transport Materials and Their Dopants on the Stability and Recoverability of Perovskite Solar Cells on Very Thin Substrates after 7 MeV Proton Irradiation
Authors: Tang Shi , Peracchi Stefania , Pastuovic Zeljko , Liao Chwenhaw , Xu Alan , Bing Jueming , Zheng Jianghui , Mahmud Md Arafat , Wang Guoliang , Townsend‐Medlock Edward Dominic , Wilson Gregory J. , Lakhwani Girish , Brenner Ceri , McKenzie David R. , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe drastic reduction in launch and manufacturing costs of space hardware has facilitated the emergence of "commercial" space. Radiation‐hard organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with low‐cost and high‐efficiency potentials are promising for space applications.High‐efficiency PSCs are tested with different hole transport materials (HTMs) and dopants on 175µm sapphire substrates under 7MeV‐proton‐irradiation‐tests at accumulated fluences of 1011, 1012, and 1013 protons cm−2. While all cells retain >90% of their initial power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) after 1011 protons cm−2 irradiation, PSCs that have tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFB) as the HTM dopant and poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,5,6‐trimethylphenyl) amine (PTAA) or PTAA:C8BTBT (C8BTBT = 2,7‐Dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene) as the HTM are more tolerant to higher‐fluence radiation than their counterparts with the lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) dopant and the 2,2′,7,7′‐Tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) HTM. Radiation induces fluorine diffusion from the LiTFSI dopant toward the perovskite absorber (confirmed by depth‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) introducing defects. Radiation‐induced defects in cells with the TPFB dopant instead are different and can be “annealed out” by thermal vacuum resulting in PCE recovery. This is the first report using thermal admittance spectroscopy and deep‐level transient spectroscopy for defect analyses on proton‐irradiated and thermal‐vacuum‐recovered PSCs. The insights generated are expected to contribute to efforts in developing low‐cost light‐weight solar cells for space applications.
Brain health and mental health: Common vascular risk factors and practical implications
Authors: Hachinski Vladimir , Krishnamoorthy Ennapadam , Kuey Levent , Kirmayer Laurence J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe pandemic dramatized the close links among cognitive, mental, and social health; a change in one reflects others. This realization offers the opportunity to bridge the artificial separation of brain and mental health, as brain disorders have behavioral consequences and behavioral disorders affect the brain. The leading causes of mortality and disability, namely stroke, heart disease, and dementia, share the same risk and protective factors. It is emerging that bipolar disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, and some depressions share these risk factors, allowing their joint prevention through a holistic life span approach. We need to learn to focus on the whole patient, not simply on a dysfunctional organ or behavior to mitigate or prevent the major neurological and mental disorders by fostering an integrated approach to brain and mental health and addressing the common, treatable risk factors.
Weight loss and risk of dementia in individuals with versus without obesity
Authors: Kim Keun You , Ha Junghee , Lee Jun‐Young , Kim Eosu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONUsing nationwide cohort data, we aimed to elucidate whether baseline obesity altered the relationship between loss in body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) and risk of dementia.METHODSAmong 9689 participants whose BMIs and WCs were repeatedly measured over 1 year, 1:1 propensity score matching was conducted between participants with and without obesity (n = 2976 per group, mean age 70.9). For each group, we explored the association between loss in BMI, or WC, and incidence of dementia during an approximately 4‐year follow‐up period.RESULTSBMI loss was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease in participants without obesity; however, this association was absent in participants with obesity. WC loss was associated with decreased Alzheimer's disease risk only in participants with obesity.DISCUSSIONOnly unfavorable loss (loss from non‐obese state) in BMI, not WC, can be a metabolic biomarker of prodromal dementia.
Simultaneous modeling of multivariate heterogeneous responses and heteroskedasticity via a two‐stage composite likelihood
Authors: Ting Bryan W. , Wright Fred A. , Zhou Yi‐Hui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultivariate heterogeneous responses and heteroskedasticity have attracted increasing attention in recent years. In genome‐wide association studies, effective simultaneous modeling of multiple phenotypes would improve statistical power and interpretability. However, a flexible common modeling system for heterogeneous data types can pose computational difficulties. Here we build upon a previous method for multivariate probit estimation using a two‐stage composite likelihood that exhibits favorable computational time while retaining attractive parameter estimation properties. We extend this approach to incorporate multivariate responses of heterogeneous data types (binary and continuous), and possible heteroskedasticity. Although the approach has wide applications, it would be particularly useful for genomics, precision medicine, or individual biomedical prediction. Using a genomics example, we explore statistical power and confirm that the approach performs well for hypothesis testing and coverage percentages under a wide variety of settings. The approach has the potential to better leverage genomics data and provide interpretable inference for pleiotropy, in which a locus is associated with multiple traits.
Multiple primary malignancies in 788 Chinese patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Xuchang , Tang Hanning , Miao Yi , Xia Yi , Zhu Huayuan , Wang Li , Fan Lei , Xu Wei , Li Jianyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. The emergence of multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) has been described as a new prognostic factor in many types of tumors.MethodsTo investigate the morbidity, incidence, and survival of MPM in DLBCL, we retrospectively reviewed the characteristics of 788 patients with DLBCL.ResultsForty‐two patients were diagnosed with MPM, and 22 of them were diagnosed with subsequent primary malignancies (SPM) by pathologic biopsy. The incidence of SPM was associated with older age. Germinal center B‐cell‐like (GCB) subtype and earlier Ann Arbor stage DLBCL patients were more prone to SPM. MPM, age, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), Hans classification, and international prognostic index (IPI) score were prognostic risk factors for overall survival (OS).ConclusionThese data provide a comprehensive view of MPM in DLBCL. MPM was an independent prognostic factor of DLBCL in univariate analysis.
Effects of particle concentration and size on the dissipation rate and turbulent kinetic energy of oil
Authors: Chen Bin , Ge Liu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe presence of particles in oil can change the quasi‐sequence structure of the turbulent flow of the oil, and it is extremely important to explore the turbulent energy dissipation rate of the particulate‐containing oil and ensure the safe and stable operation of the oil‐using equipment. Thus, the flow field of the oil containing particles in the pipeline was experimentally studied by a particle image velocimeter (PIV); the turbulent kinetic energy of the oil was calculated using the transient velocity vector field measured by the PIV; and the dissipation rate distribution was calculated using the large eddy PIV method. The influence of different particle sizes and particle concentrations on the normal distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate was analyzed. The results show that the distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy in the normal direction is non‐unidirectional and in a parabolic shape. The 25 μm particle size has a great influence on the turbulence kinetic energy and the dissipation rate of the oil; with increasing particle concentration, the flow field distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy increases in the region near the wall, and gradually decreases in the central region. The turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the oil is in the shape of a quasi‐cosine; the flow field of the dissipation rate is larger in the near‐wall region and the central region and shows an inverted ‘W’ shape. This provides a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of oil transportation, discussing the monitoring of particulate matter in oil, and reducing oil pollution.
Efficient Coupling of Complex Fluorooligosaccharides to Phenolic Peptide Mediated by Calcium Iodide
Authors: Liu Pei , Quan Xing , Wei Fangyu , Deng Xianjun , Shen Jie , Cheng Jiansong 
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive SummaryBesides serving as therapeutic agents and building blocks for glycoprotein synthesis, homogeneous synthetic glycopeptides also benefit understanding function of specific glycoform. However, the selectivity coupling of oligosaccharides to a given peptide remains challenging despite the fact that the synthesis of structure‐defined complex oligosaccharides has been greatly facilitated by chemo‐enzymatic based approaches. Herein, a Ca2+‐promoted glycosylation approach was developed to exclusively modify phenolic peptide using a panel of biologically important glycans.