bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doula Support and Pregnancy‐Related Complications and Death Among Childbearing Women in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Crawford Allison D. , Carder Emily C. , Lopez Emme , McGlothen‐Bell Kelly 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe potential benefits of perinatal doula support are many; however, doulas are underutilized, which may heighten pregnancy‐related complications. In this scoping review, we assess the influence of perinatal doula support on pregnancy‐related complications and death in the United States.MethodsWe searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Alt HealthWatch for literature on doula support and its influence on pregnancy‐related complications (maternal fever or infection, postpartum hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism, complications from anesthesia, preeclampsia, eclampsia, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary or thrombotic embolism, and cerebrovascular accident). Peer‐reviewed articles written in English and conducted in the United States from 1969 to 2021 were included. Screening at all levels was blinded. We extracted data based on title, author, year, design, population, sample size, methods, limitations, recommendations, and definition of doula support.ResultsFollowing removal of duplicates, review of 3679 article titles and abstracts yielded 42 articles for full‐text review; 3 articles met final inclusion criteria. One included study focused on intrapartum doula support and 2 on doula support that extended throughout the perinatal period. Within the included studies, doula support was associated with decreased rates of intrapartum maternal fever and gestational hypertension; however, it was not associated with decreased rates of gestational diabetes or depression.DiscussionThe literature has addressed the benefits of perinatal doula support, but studies with validated tools to examine associations between doula support and pregnancy‐related complications and death are lacking. The studies that addressed intrapartum and continuous doula care included large generalizable samples, from which future research can draw to improve the practice of caring for patients during the perinatal period. Extensive research shows that unfavorable conditions can influence perinatal outcomes across generations. Implementing doula support may offer a potential approach to reduce and help alleviate resulting disparities in perinatal health.
AGA practitioner challenges: A mixed‐methods pilot survey
Authors: Jankowski Glen S. , Kranz Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) practitioner care may be hampered by commercial biases and hair loss' omission from most medical curricula.Aim and MethodBetween November 2020 and September 2021, 34 AGA professionals (86% British; 62% trichologists), participated in a pilot, mixed‐methods, survey. Practitioner views on: 1a–1j) AGA's commercial influences (e.g., participants were quantitatively assessed on their understanding of a popular, commercially‐funded, AGA study) and 2a–2h) constraints on evidenced‐based AGA responding (e.g., ethical dilemmas) were assessed. Quantitative responses are reported descriptively whilst qualitative responses are categorized alongside illustrative quotes.ResultsOn average, (1a–1d) 42% of participants were misled by the popular AGA study and (1e) participants underestimated the extent of commercial biases in AGA research as 25%; (2a–2e). Participants also indicated that AGA treatment limitations and misinformation ethically challenged them (e.g., “[It's difficult to know when] to treat or not without being able to confirm the outcome”). (2c) Most (77%) indicated society played a powerful role in exacerbating AGA distress (e.g., “Society is hyper critical of appearance”) and 30% indicated greater “treatment” accessibility was needed: (e.g., “hair loss product [should] give clear indication of what the active ingredients are and how effective they are”).ConclusionsDespite the limited sample size, these finding cohere with previous identified challenges of the AGA practitioner role. Evidence based guidance and research scrutiny tools would help practitioners overcome such challenges.
Craniofacial risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea—systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Finke Hannah , Drews Anne , Engel Corinna , Koos Bernd 
Published: July 2023

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by temporary partial or complete constriction of the upper airway during sleep which leads to reduced blood oxygen and cardiovascular risks. Main symptoms vary between adults and children leading to misdiagnosis or delayed patient identification. To improve early diagnosis, lateral cephalograms can provide craniofacial measurements associated with a higher risk of OSA. In order to identify the most relevant craniofacial measurements, a systematic literature review with meta‐analysis was conducted combining the terms ‘orthodontic*’, ‘craniofacial’, ‘cephalometr*’, ‘cephalogram’, ‘OSA*’, ‘UARS’, ‘SDB’, ‘sleep disordered breathing’, ‘sleep apnea’ and ‘sleep apnoea’. Of 3016 publications, 19 were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis, 15 with adult patients and four with children. A total of 16 measurements (six angles, 10 distances) were compared, nine showed a possible influence in patients with OSA compared to controls: NSBa angle (−0.28°), ANB angle (+0.33°), ML‐NSL angle (+0.34°), Me‐Go‐Ar angle (+0.33°), SN distance (−0.70 mm), N–ANS distance (−0.36 mm), MP–H distance (+1.18 mm), uvula length (+1.07 mm) and thickness (+0.96 mm). Posterior airway measurements were not sufficiently described or comparably measured to be statistically analysed. There is some evidence for altered craniofacial anatomy in patients with OSA compared to controls. Lateral cephalograms should be screened for these aspects routinely to improve early diagnosis of OSA and craniofacial orthopaedics should complement the interdisciplinary treatment plan for young patients with OSA.
Association of serum and fecal microRNA profiles in cats with gastrointestinal cancer and chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Authors: Brogaard Louise , Lyngby Janne G. , Kristensen Annemarie T. , Fredholm Merete , Bjørnvad Charlotte R. , Salavati Schmitz Silke , Skancke Ellen , Morris Joanna S. , Dupont Nana , Argyle David , Sánchez Armand , Spohr Anette , Graarup‐Hansen Kasper , Nielsen Lise N. , Cirera Susanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiation of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) from chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in cats can be challenging and often requires extensive diagnostic testing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have promise as non‐invasive biomarkers in serum and feces for diagnosis of GIC.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCats with GIC will have serum and fecal miRNA profiles that differ significantly from healthy cats and cats with CIE. Identify serum and fecal miRNAs with diagnostic potential for differentiation between cats with GIC and CIE as compared to healthy cats.AnimalsTen healthy cats, 9 cats with CIE, and 10 cats with GIC; all client‐owned.MethodsCats were recruited for an international multicenter observational prospective case‐control study. Serum and feces were screened using small RNA sequencing for miRNAs that differed in abundance between cats with GIC and CIE, and healthy cats. Diagnostic biomarker potential of relevant miRNAs from small RNA sequencing and the literature was confirmed using reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR).ResultsSerum miR‐223‐3p was found to distinguish between cats with GIC and CIE with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.760‐1.0), sensitivity of 90% (95% CI, 59.6‐99.5%), and specificity of 77.8% (95% CI, 45.3‐96.1%). Serum miR‐223‐3p likewise showed promise in differentiating a subgroup of cats with small cell lymphoma (SCL) from those with CIE. No fecal miRNAs could distinguish between cats with GIC and CIE.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceSerum miR‐223‐3p potentially may serve as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker of GIC in cats, in addition to providing a much needed tool for the differentiation of CIE and SCL.
Philology and racist appropriations of the medieval
Authors: Ramos Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent decades have seen an increase in white supremacist appropriations of the Middle Ages. While many medievalists have sought to distance medieval studies from racist appropriations, these appropriations echo positions advanced and legitimized by philologists especially during the nineteenth century. Medieval studies as a discipline developed in the nineteenth century during the rise of nationalist movements, which often manifested as racial nationalism in Europe and the United States, and philologists actively participated in these movements by projecting contemporary national identity unto a constructed medieval past. These philologists often conflated language and race, and their nationalist scholarship helped justify imperialism. Although the ideas of these philologists are considered outdated, they set the foundation for racist appropriations of the Middle Ages and established nationalist frameworks that continue to influence the academy.
Exploring the magnitude and drivers of the double burden of malnutrition at maternal and dyad levels in peri‐urban Peru: A cross‐sectional study of low‐income mothers, infants and young children
Authors: Pradeilles Rebecca , Landais Edwige , Pareja Rossina , Eymard‐Duvernay Sabrina , Markey Oonagh , Holdsworth Michelle , Rousham Emily K. , M. Creed‐Kanashiro Hilary 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultiple forms of malnutrition coexist in Peru, especially in peri‐urban areas and poor households. We investigated the magnitude of, and the contribution of, dietary and socio‐demographic factors to the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) at maternal (i.e., maternal overweight/obesity with anaemia) and dyad (i.e., maternal overweight/obesity with child anaemia) levels. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among low‐income mother–child (6–23 months) dyads (n = 244) from peri‐urban communities in Peru. Dietary clusters and the minimum dietary diversity score (MDD) were generated for mothers and infants, respectively. A composite indicator using the maternal dietary clusters and the MDD was created to relate to dyad level DBM. Two dietary clusters were found: (i) the ‘high variety (i.e., animal‐source foods, fruit and vegetables), high sugary foods/beverages’ (cluster 1) and (ii) the ‘high potato, low fruit and vegetables, low red meat’ (cluster 2). DBM prevalence among mothers and dyads was 19.9% and 36.3%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the only socio‐demographic factor positively associated with maternal DBM was maternal age (aOR/5 years: 1.35 [1.07, 1.71]). Mothers belonging to diet cluster 1 were less likely to experience the DBM (aOR = 0.52 [0.26, 1.03]), although CIs straddled the null. Socio‐demographic factors positively associated with dyad level DBM included maternal age (aOR/5 years: 1.41 [1.15, 1.73]), and having ≥ two children under 5 years (aOR = 2.44 [1.23, 4.84]). Diet was not associated with dyad‐level DBM. Double‐duty actions that tackle the DBM are needed given that one‐third of dyads and a fifth of mothers had concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia.
Mountain railway alignment optimization based on landform recognition and presetting of dominating structures
Authors: Wan Xinjie , Pu Hao , Schonfeld Paul , Song Taoran , Li Wei , Peng Lihui , Hu Jianping , Zhang Ming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMountain railway alignment optimization has always been a challenge for designers and researchers in this field. It is extremely difficult for existing methods that optimize alignments before major structures to generate a better alignment than the best one provided by human designers when the terrain is drastically undulating between the start and endpoints. To fill this gap, a “structures before alignments” design process is proposed in this paper. Primarily, a landform recognition method is devised for recognizing dominating landforms. Then, a bi‐level alignment optimization model is proposed, with the upper level dedicated to characterizing dominating structures and the lower level focusing on optimizing the entire alignments. To solve this bi‐level model, a three‐stage optimization method is designed. At the first stage, a scanning process and screening operators are devised for generating all the possible locations of dominating structures. At the second stage, a hierarchical multi‐criteria decision‐making procedure is applied for selecting the optimized dominating structure layouts. At the third stage, alignments are optimized based on the determined structure layouts using a bi‐objective optimization method, which minimizes construction cost and geo‐hazard risk simultaneously. The proposed model and solution method are applied to two real‐world cases whose results verify their capabilities in producing alignment alternatives with better combinations of construction cost and geo‐hazard risk than manually designed alternatives.
High‐resolution 3‐D geometry updating of digital functional models using point cloud processing and surface cut
Authors: Zhang Youqi , Xia Baiqiang , Taylor Su 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPoint cloud can provide rich 3‐D geometric information of structures, and it has been widely investigated for generating digital functional models, such as finite element (FE) model and building information model (BIM). However, for the existing digital models, how to maintain and update the new local geometric changes on the existing digital models has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, this research presents a method to update the local 3‐D geometric changes on digital functional models using point cloud processing and surface cut. The proposed pipeline starts from processing the point cloud of the local structural change for reconstructing the local surface mesh. After that, the surface mesh is aligned to the corresponding location of the existing digital model by point cloud registration. Then, the geometry updating can be achieved by cutting the digital model with the generated surface mesh. To validate the proposed geometry updating method, two case studies were performed on damaged concrete beams with their intact FE models. The results show that the 3‐D geometry changes caused by the damage on the edge and vertex can be successfully updated with high resolution on the existing digital models. The results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating the proposed method into structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for further analysis.
Nurses' ways of talking about their experiences of (in)justice in healthcare organizations: Locating the use of language as a means of analysis
Authors: López‐Deflory Camelia , Perron Amélie , Miró‐Bonet Margalida 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNurses have their own ways of talking about their experiences of injustice in healthcare organizations. The aim of this article is to describe how nurses talk about their work‐life experiences and discuss the discursive effects that arise from nurses' use of language regarding their political agency. To this end, we present the findings garnered from a study focused on exploring how nurses deploy their political agency to project their idea of social and political justice in public healthcare organizations and how they face the challenges and uncertainties of (re)thinking their institutional order when it does not resonate with their professional ethos. We then discuss the implications that nurses' use of language has in relation to their ability to deploy their political agency to oppose the forms of injustice they face in their daily practice. We conclude by stating that careful attention should be placed on understanding the discursive implications of nurses' use of language on their individual and collective emancipation in healthcare organizations.
Functional trade‐offs are driven by coordinated changes among cell types in the wood of angiosperm trees from different climates
Authors: Zhang Guangqi , Mao Zhun , Maillard Pascale , Brancheriau Loïc , Gérard Bastien , Engel Julien , Fortunel Claire , Heuret Patrick , Maeght Jean‐Luc , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Stokes Alexia 
Published: July 2023

Summary

Wood performs several functions to ensure tree survival and carbon allocation to a finite stem volume leads to trade‐offs among cell types. It is not known to what extent these trade‐offs modify functional trade‐offs and if they are consistent across climates and evolutionary lineages.

Twelve wood traits were measured in stems and coarse roots across 60 adult angiosperm tree species from temperate, Mediterranean and tropical climates.

Regardless of climate, clear trade‐offs occurred among cellular fractions, but did not translate into specific functional trade‐offs. Wood density was negatively related to hydraulic conductivity (Kth) in stems and roots, but was not linked to nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), implying a functional trade‐off between mechanical integrity and transport but not with storage. NSC storage capacity was positively associated with Kth in stems and negatively in roots, reflecting a potential role for NSC in the maintenance of hydraulic integrity in stems but not in roots. Results of phylogenetic analyses suggest that evolutionary histories cannot explain covariations among traits.

Trade‐offs occur among cellular fractions, without necessarily modifying trade‐offs in function. However, functional trade‐offs are driven by coordinated changes among xylem cell types depending on the dominant role of each cell type in stems and roots.
Gene–environment interaction in myopia
Authors: He Xi , Li Shi‐Ming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMyopia is a health issue that has attracted global attention due to its high prevalence and vision‐threatening complications. It is well known that the onset and progression of myopia are related to both genetic and environmental factors: more than 450 common genetic loci have been found to be associated with myopia, while near work and outdoor time are the main environmental risk factors. As for many complex traits, gene–environment interactions are implicated in myopia development. To date, several genetic loci have been found to interact with near work or educational level. Gene–environment interaction research on myopia could yield models that provide more accurate risk predictions, thus improving targeted treatments and preventive strategies. Additionally, such investigations might have the potential to reveal novel genetic information. In this review, we summarised the findings in this field and proposed some topics for future investigations.
“It's None of Their Damn Business”: Privacy and Disclosure Control in the U.S. Census, 1790–2020
Authors: Ruggles Steven , Magnuson Diana L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe U.S. Census has grappled with public concerns about privacy since the first enumeration in 1790. Beginning in the mid‐nineteenth century, census officials began responding to concerns about privacy with promises of confidentiality. In recent years, escalating concerns about confidentiality have threatened to reduce the usability of publicly accessible population data. This paper traces the history of privacy and disclosure control since 1790. We argue that controlling public access to census information has never been an effective response to public concerns about government intrusion. We conclude that the Census Bureau should weigh the costs of curtailing access to reliable data against realistic measures of the benefit of new approaches to disclosure control.
Dynamic gene regulatory networks improving spike fertility through regulation of floret primordia fate in wheat
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Sun Wan , Wen Liangyun , Liu Yaqun , Guo Xiaolei , Liu Ying , Yao Chunsheng , Xue Qingwu , Sun Zhencai , Wang Zhimin , Zhang Yinghua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe developmental process of spike is critical for spike fertility through affecting floret primordia fate in wheat; however, the genetic regulation of this dynamic and complex developmental process remains unclear. Here, we conducted a high temporal‐resolution analysis of spike transcriptomes and monitored the number and morphology of floret primordia within spike. The development of all floret primordia in a spike was clearly separated into three distinct phases: differentiation, pre‐dimorphism and dimorphism. Notably, we identified that floret primordia with meiosis ability at the pre‐dimorphism phase usually develop into fertile floret primordia in the next dimorphism phase. Compared to control, increasing plant space treatment achieved the maximum increasement range (i.e., 50%) in number of fertile florets by accelerating spike development. The process of spike fertility improvement was directed by a continuous and dynamic regulatory network involved in transcription factor and genes interaction. This was based on the coordination of genes related to heat shock protein and jasmonic acid biosynthesis during differentiation phase, and genes related to lignin, anthocyanin and chlorophyll biosynthesis during dimorphism phase. The multi‐dimensional association with high temporal‐resolution approach reported here allows rapid identification of genetic resource for future breeding studies to realise the maximum spike fertility potential in more cereal crops.
Ass‐troll‐ogical Nashe: Revisiting Two Dangerous Comets and A Wonderful Prognostication
Authors: White Rachel , Greatley‐Hirsch Brett 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article revisits the authorship of and relationship between three mock‐prognostications published pseudonymously in 1591, drawing on contextual, bibliographical, and stylistical analysis to attribute Two Dangerous Comets and A Wonderful Prognostication to Thomas Nashe. The article also considers the significance of these findings for studies of Nashe, satire, and Elizabethan print culture.
Sublesional fat grafting leads to a temporary improvement of wound healing in chronic leg ulcers: A prospective, randomised clinical trial
Authors: Thamm Oliver C. , Eschborn Johannes , Zimmermann Lucas , Dekker Clara , Martin Hubert , Brockmann Michael , Zinser Max J. , Fuchs Paul C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChronic wounds remain a therapeutic and financial challenge for physicians and the health care systems. Innovative, inexpensive and effective treatment methods would be of immense value. The sublesional fat grafting could be such treatment, although effectiveness and safety have only been assessed in a few randomised clinical trials. The fat graft was obtained by liposuction, washed with the Coleman method and then injected sublesional and into the wound margins after surgical debridement. For the control group, saline solution was used instead of fat. The primary endpoint was to determine the wound size reduction in both groups. The wounds were measured preoperatively, intraoperatively and 3, 7, 21 and 60 days after the intervention. A p‐value of <0.05 was considered significant. Furthermore, histology and microbiology of the wounds and pain were assessed. A temporary effect of the treatment was observed after 14 and 21 days. The wound size reduction was significantly larger in the intervention group, whereas after 60 days, no significant difference was detected between both groups. No adverse events could be reported and the pain level was almost equal in the control and intervention group. Sublesional fat grafting temporarily enhanced healing of chronic wounds. The procedure was safe and the pain level was low. Repeated interventions could lead to complete wound closure, which should be determined in future studies.