bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the bioeconomy through its instruments: standardizing sustainability, neoliberalizing bioeconomies?
Authors: Vogelpohl Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSustainability standards have been one of the hopefuls for decades when it comes to ensuring the sustainability of biomass for the bioeconomy, especially in the wake of their evolvement from voluntary, non-governmental to hybrid, public–private governance instruments in recent years. In addition to doubts regarding their legitimacy and effectiveness, however, they have also been associated with a neoliberalization of nature that integrates natural resources into a free market logic. Drawing on a conceptual framework that builds on political ecology and the political sociology of policy instruments, this paper challenges this notion. To this end, it examines sustainability standards in three countries/regions particularly prominent for the bioeconomy—the EU, Brazil, and Indonesia—to illustrate how these can be differentiated in terms of their neoliberal orientation, and what can be inferred from this for the orientation and state of the respective bioeconomies. The results show that the introduction of sustainability standards is not necessarily accompanied by a neoliberalization of nature. Rather, it is shown that the standards and their specific designs—and thus also their intrinsic understanding of sustainability as integration—are primarily intended to serve the material interests of the state and the respective industrial factions, for which neoliberal configurations are sometimes seen as rather obstructive, sometimes as rather useful. The sustainability standards, and thus the bioeconomies for which they stand, therefore, rather serve as instruments to stay on the path of modernization and industrial development already taken or envisaged, or, put differently, as strategies to avoid social–ecological transformation.
Do civil engineering fronts emerge from interdisciplinary research?
Authors: He Jie , Yao Junlan , Chen Xin , Liu Fang , Zhu Hehua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInterdisciplinary research is considered a source of innovativeness and creativity, serving as a key mechanism for creating recombination necessary for the evolution of science systems. The aim of this study is to quantitatively establish the connection between interdisciplinary research and the research fronts that have recently emerged in civil engineering. The degree of interdisciplinarity of the research fronts was measured by developing metrics from bibliographic analyses. As indicated by the consistent increase in the metrics of interdisciplinarity over time, research fronts tend to emerge in studies with increasing diversity in the disciplines involved. The active disciplines involved in the fronts vary over time. The most active disciplines are no longer fundamental but those associated with energy, environment, and sustainable development, focusing on solutions to climate change and integrating intelligence technologies.
An analysis of the sensitivity of cutting force coefficients and their influence on the variability of stability diagrams
Authors: Bergmann Jim A. , Wöste Florian , Wiederkehr Petra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProcess forces are an integral characteristic for the evaluation of machining operations, which can be calculated using, for instance, empirical models. An adequate prediction is essential, especially as it provides input data for subsequent models, e.g., for stability analysis of milling processes. However, the calibration of force model coefficients is not unambiguous and may have multiple local optima, which can significantly affect the accuracy of the approximation of the cutting forces. In this context, the selection of experiments used for calibration is crucial to obtain adequate results. In this paper, a systematic analysis of the selection of the required calibration experiments and the influence of the resulting parametrization of the coefficients on the predicted milling forces and the stability limit was conducted.Based on the results, designs of calibration experiments could be identified, with which the influence of varying undeformed chip thicknesses could be represented adequately. By applying these force model parameterizations for stability analysis, an improvement in the prediction of stability limits was achieved.
Encountering ideas about teaching and learning mathematics in undergraduate mathematics courses
Authors: Burroughs Elizabeth A. , Arnold Elizabeth G. , Álvarez James A. M. , Kercher Andrew , Tremaine Rachel , Fulton Elizabeth , Turner Kyle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the ideas about teaching and learning mathematics that undergraduate students generate when they encounter tasks designed to embed approximations of teaching practice in mathematics courses taken by a general population of students. These tasks attend to the dual goals of developing an understanding of mathematics content and an understanding of how teachers provide classroom experiences that foster mathematics learning. The study employs a qualitative, multiple-case study methodology, with four cases bounded by the content areas of abstract algebra, single variable calculus, discrete mathematics, and introductory statistics. The data for the study come from undergraduate students’ written work on mathematical tasks, interviews with a subset of students from each course, and interviews with each instructor throughout the term during which they implemented the tasks. Our findings indicate that students identified the broad applicability of teaching skills (discussed by 32 of the 61 interviewed students), recognized the value of examining hypothetical learners’ mathematical work (discussed by 59 of the 61 interviewed students), and reported empathy for hypothetical learners (discussed by 38 of the 61 interviewed students). These findings persisted across the course content and course levels we studied, leading us to conclude that our findings can transfer to additional mathematics courses in secondary mathematics teacher preparation.
Predictors of adolescents’ change in reading literacy: the role of reading strategies, reading motivation, and declarative metacognition
Authors: Heyne Nora , Gnambs Timo , Lockl Kathrin , Neuenhaus Nora 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeclarative metacognition, use of reading strategies and reading motivation are important predictors of reading literacy. Moreover, reading motivation’s strong links with reading strategy use and declarative metacognition raise questions about whether motivation moderates the effects of the latter on reading literacy and its development during secondary school. Whereas most previous research implemented cross-sectional analyses focusing on one or more of the aforementioned variables, this study takes a longitudinal perspective to examine how reading motivation (reading for enjoyment versus interest), declarative metacognition and reading strategy use – directly or in interaction – concurrently predict reading literacy in Grade 7 and subsequent changes until Grade 9. Applying structural equation models to a sample of 4,037 secondary school students from the German National Educational Panel Study, the results revealed that reading for enjoyment and declarative metacognition had strong effects on reading literacy in Grade 7. In contrast, reading for interest exhibited a small negative effect and the effects of strategy use were negligible. Longitudinal analyses replicated the cross-sectional pattern with more modest effect sizes. Contrary to our hypotheses, the effects of declarative metacognition and reading strategy use on reading literacy at Grade 7 as well as changes in reading literacy until Grade 9 were not moderated by aspects of reading motivation. Finally, regarding the trajectory of reading literacy, our results challenge previous assumptions on the importance of reading for interest and reading strategies use, but also confirm earlier findings on the relevance of declarative metacognition and reading for enjoyment.
Quantum chemical studies on hydrogen bonds in helical secondary structures
Authors: Takano Yu , Kondo Hiroko X. , Nakamura Haruki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present a brief review of our recent computational studies of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in helical secondary structures of proteins, α-helix and 310-helix, using a Negative Fragmentation Approach with density functional theory. We found that the depolarized electronic structures of the carbonyl oxygen of the ith residue and the amide hydrogen of the (i + 4)th residue cause weaker H-bond in an α-helix than in an isolated H-bond. Our calculations showed that the H-bond energies in the 310-helix were also weaker than those of the isolated H-bonds. In the 310-helices, the adjacent N–H group at the (i + 1)th residue was closer to the C=O group of the H-bond pair than the adjacent C=O group in the 310-helices, whereas the adjacent C=O group at the (i + 1)th residue was close to the H-bond acceptor in α-helices. Therefore, the destabilization of the H-bond is attributed to the depolarization caused by the adjacent residue of the helical backbone connecting the H-bond donor and acceptor. The differences in the change in electron density revealed that such depolarizations were caused by the local electronic interactions in their neighborhood inside the helical structure and redistributed the electron density. We also present the improvements in the force field of classical molecular simulation, based on our findings.
Expression systems for bovine rhodopsin: a review of the progress made in the Khorana laboratory
Authors: Reeves Philip J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere I will review the development of gene expression systems for production of bovine rhodopsin in the Khorana laboratory with particular focus on stable mammalian cell lines made using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293S). The synthesis of a gene encoding bovine rhodopsin was completed in 1986. This gene was expertly designed with the built-in capacity for DNA duplex cassette replacement mutagenesis which made site-directed mutagenesis relatively straightforward. Intense effort was expended over several years in order to identify a gene expression system capable of producing rhodopsin in milligram amounts as required for biophysical studies. Mammalian expression systems, both transient and stable, were found to be the most favourable based on several criteria including receptor expression levels, correct folding and post translational processing, and capacity for purification of fully functional receptor. Transient expression using COS-1 cells was preferred for routine small-scale production of rhodopsin mutants, while HEK293S stable cell lines were used when milligram amounts of rhodopsin mutants were needed; for example, when conducting NMR studies.
A systematic scoping review of digital health technologies during COVID-19: a new normal in primary health care delivery
Authors: Ndayishimiye Costase , Lopes Henrique , Middleton John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis scoping review compiled information concerning digital health technologies (DHTs) evolution to support primary health care (PHC) during COVID-19 and lessons for the future of PHC. The identified literature was published during the COVID-19 peak years (2019–2021), retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as hand searched on the internet. Predefined inclusion criteria were used, thematic analysis was applied, and reporting followed the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews.A total of 46 studies were included in the final synthesis (40 articles, one book, two book chapters, one working paper, and two technical reports). These studies scrutinized various aspects of DHTs, entailing 19 types of DHTs with 20 areas of use that can be compressed into five bigger PHC functions: general PHC service delivery (teleconsultations, e-diagnosis, e-prescription, etc.); behavior promotion and digital health literacy (e.g., combating vaccine hesitancy); surveillance functions; vaccination and drugs; and enhancing system decision-making for proper follow-up of ongoing PHC interventions during COVID-19.DHTs have the potential to solve some of the problems that have plagued us even prior to COVID-19. Therefore, this study uses a forward-looking viewpoint to further stimulate the use of evidence-based DHT, making it more inclusive, educative, and satisfying to people’s needs, both under normal conditions and during outbreaks. More research with narrowed research questions is needed, with a particular emphasis on quality assurance in the use of DHTs, technical aspects (standards for digital health tools, infrastructure, and platforms), and financial perspectives (payment for digital health services and adoption incentives).
Justice in Finnish Food Policies
Authors: Puupponen Antti , Huttunen Suvi , Kortetmäki Teea , Lähteenmäki-Uutela Anu , Kaljonen Minna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe need to create more sustainable food systems calls for careful attention to justice in making the transition. However, to achieve a just transition and create policies to support the goal of developing sustainable food systems, we need more knowledge of the ways current policies tackle justice. This knowledge can reveal blind spots and development needs and increase the transparency of potentially conflicting goals, which is essential for designing just transition policies. From the normative perspective of food justice, a food system should produce three principal outcomes: food security and nutrition, livelihoods and fair income, and environmental sustainability. In this article, we take these outcomes as the starting point to study how they relate to the distributive, procedural, and recognitive aspects of food justice in the context of Finnish food policies. Our data consist of Finnish policy strategies relating to the national food system and data from interviews with experts involved in the policy processes. Our results suggest that food security and farmer livelihoods have dominated justice related considerations at the cost of environmental sustainability. Although these are important for distributive justice and for recognizing vulnerabilities, the current setting reveals risks regarding the possibilities of transitioning to a low-carbon food system. The invisibility of the often-invisible groups is also notable in the policy documents. To promote justice more broadly, there should be greater emphasis on environmental sustainability as well as procedural and recognitive justice and opportunities for diverse people to participate in food policymaking.
A Fur-regulated type VI secretion system contributes to oxidative stress resistance and virulence in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Zuo Yuxin , Li Changfu , Yu Danyang , Wang Kenan , Liu Yuqi , Wei Zhiyan , Yang Yantao , Wang Yao , Shen Xihui , Zhu Lingfang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread protein secretion apparatus deployed by many Gram-negative bacterial species to interact with competitor bacteria, host organisms, and the environment. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis T6SS4 was recently reported to be involved in manganese acquisition; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism still remains unclear. In this study, we discovered that T6SS4 is regulated by ferric uptake regulator (Fur) in response to manganese ions (Mn2+), and this negative regulation of Fur was proceeded by specifically recognizing the promoter region of T6SS4 in Y. pseudotuberculosis. Furthermore, T6SS4 is induced by low Mn2+ and oxidative stress conditions via Fur, acting as a Mn2+-responsive transcriptional regulator to maintain intracellular manganese homeostasis, which plays important role in the transport of Mn2+ for survival under oxidative stress. Our results provide evidence that T6SS4 can enhance the oxidative stress resistance and virulence for Y. pseudotuberculosis. This study provides new insights into the regulation of T6SS4 via the Mn2+-dependent transcriptional regulator Fur, and expands our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms and functions of T6SS from Y. pseudotuberculosis.
High-performance 800–1050 nm seed pulses based on spectral broadening and filtering for petawatt lasers
Authors: Liang Wenhai , Chen Renjing , Xu Yilin , Xuan Yaping , Wang Peng , Liu Jun , Li Ruxin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-performance 86 μJ, 11.2 fs pulses with a spectrum range of 800–1050 nm are generated based on 1030 nm, 190 fs Yb femtosecond pulses by using multi-plate-based spectral broadening and filtering. Taking advantage of single beam configuration, the obtained pulses have excellent power and spectral stabilities. Since the output spectrum is obtained by spectrally filtering the broadened components, the temporal contrast of the output pulses is enhanced by at least four orders of magnitude. Together with the robust and simple setup, the proposed method is expected to be a competitive option for the generation of seed pulses for 10s–100s petawatt lasers.
Gender and Ambition Among Potential Law Clerks
Authors: Badas Alex , Stauffer Katelyn E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLaw clerks hold immense responsibilities and exert influence over the judges they work with. However, women remain underrepresented in these positions. We argue that one reason for this underrepresentation is that – like potential political candidates – female law students may have lower levels of ambition compared to men. Using a survey of student editors at thirty-three top law reviews, we find that there is a gender gap in ambition for clerkships with the Supreme Court and Federal Courts of Appeal. Examining potential sources of this difference, we find that while women view themselves to be just as qualified for these positions as men, men are more willing to apply with lower feelings of qualification. Likewise, while women and men report similar levels of encouragement, more encouragement is required before women express ambition to hold these posts. The findings presented here have implications for research on judicial politics, political ambition, and women’s representation.
Chasing collective variables using temporal data-driven strategies
Authors: Chen Haochuan , Chipot Christophe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The convergence of free-energy calculations based on importance sampling depends heavily on the choice of collective variables (CVs), which in principle, should include the slow degrees of freedom of the biological processes to be investigated. Autoencoders (AEs), as emerging data-driven dimension reduction tools, have been utilised for discovering CVs. AEs, however, are often treated as black boxes, and what AEs actually encode during training, and whether the latent variables from encoders are suitable as CVs for further free-energy calculations remains unknown. In this contribution, we review AEs and their time-series-based variants, including time-lagged AEs (TAEs) and modified TAEs, as well as the closely related model variational approach for Markov processes networks (VAMPnets). We then show through numerical examples that AEs learn the high-variance modes instead of the slow modes. In stark contrast, time series-based models are able to capture the slow modes. Moreover, both modified TAEs with extensions from slow feature analysis and the state-free reversible VAMPnets (SRVs) can yield orthogonal multidimensional CVs. As an illustration, we employ SRVs to discover the CVs of the isomerizations of N-acetyl-N′-methylalanylamide and trialanine by iterative learning with trajectories from biased simulations. Last, through numerical experiments with anisotropic diffusion, we investigate the potential relationship of time-series-based models and committor probabilities.
Evaluation of perfusion index and left ventricular output changes in low cardiac output syndrome after arterial switch operation
Authors: Öztürk Dilek Yavuzcan , Öztürk Erkut , Dıkmen Rahime Tuten , Ozcanoglu Hatice Dilek , Toprak Hamza Halil , Tuzun Behzat , Tanıdır İbrahim Cansaran , Hatemi Ali Can , Cetinkaya Merih 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Transposition of great arteries is one of newborns' most common cyanotic CHDs, and its treatment is arterial switch operation in the first days of life. Low cardiac output syndrome may develop in the early postoperative period. In this study, we evaluated perfusion index and left ventricular output blood flow changes in patients who underwent arterial switch operation and developed low cardiac output syndrome.Methods:This study was conducted prospectively in newborns with transposition of great arteries who underwent arterial switch operation between 1st August 2020 and 1st August 2022. Low cardiac output syndrome score and left ventricular output were investigated. Initially, 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th hour perfusion index and left ventricular output values of patients with and without low cardiac output syndrome were recorded. The results were evaluated statistically.Results:A total of 60 patients were included in the study. Sex distribution was equal. The median age at the time of surgery was 5 days (interquartile range 3–7 days), and the median weight was 3.1 kg (interquartile range 2.9–3. 4). Low cardiac output syndrome was detected in 30% (n = 18) of cases. The median perfusion index of patients who developed low cardiac output syndrome was significantly lower at the 12th, 18th, and 24th hours (p < 0.05) (0.99 versus 1.25, 0.86 versus 1.21, and 0.96 versus 1.33, respectively). Similarly, the median left ventricular output of patients who developed low cardiac output syndrome was significantly lower at 12th, 18th, and 24th hours (p < 0.05) (95 versus 110 ml/kg/min, 89 versus 109 ml/kg/min, and 92 versus 112 ml/kg/min, respectively). There was a significant correlation between perfusion index values and left ventricular output at all measurements (r > 0.500, p < 0.05).Conclusion:Perfusion index and left ventricular output measurements decreased in newborns who developed low cardiac output syndrome after arterial switch operation, especially at 12th and 18th hours. Serial perfusion index and left ventricular output measurements can be instructive in predicting low cardiac output syndrome development.
Hemispheric Reconstructions: Post-Emancipation Social Movements and Capitalist Reaction in Colombia and the United States
Authors: Sanders James E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs historians have begun to conceptualize the U.S. Civil War as a global event, so too must they consider Reconstruction as a political process that transcended national boundaries. The United States and Colombia both abolished slavery during civil wars; ex-slaves in both societies struggled for full citizenship and landholding, partially succeeding for a time; in both societies, a harsh reaction ripped full citizenship from the freedpeople and denied their claims to the land. These events, usually studied only as part of a national story in either the United States or Colombia, can also be understood, and perhaps be better understood, as a history of hemispheric and transnational processes—of race, of republican politics, of contests over equality, of capitalism. This essay examines the words and actions of historical actors, especially U.S. African Americans and afrocolombianos, to note the impressive commonalities of discourse (which was almost exactly the same in many cases) and political repertoires. This article focuses first on the agency of African Americans in both societies to create post-emancipation social movements for citizenship and land and then on the, largely successful, reactions against these movements.