bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health inequities and socioeconomic factors predicting the access to treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the USA in the last 20 years: interaction effect of race, gender, and insurance
Authors: Kandregula Sandeep , Savardekar Amey , Beyl Robbie , Caskey Joshua , Terrell Danielle , Adeeb Nimer , Whipple Stephen Garrett , Newman William Christopher , Toms Jamie , Kosty Jennifer , Sharma Pankaj , Mayeaux Edward J , Cuellar Hugo , Guthikonda Bharat 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe literature suggests that minority racial and ethnic groups have lower treatment rates for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA). It is uncertain how these disparities have changed over time.MethodsA cross-sectional study using the National Inpatient Sample database covering 97% of the USA population was carried out.ResultsA total of 213 350 treated patients with UIA were included in the final analysis and compared with 173 375 treated patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) over the years 2000–2019. The mean (SD) age of the UIA and aSAH groups was 56.8 (12.6) years and 54.3 (14.1) years, respectively. In the UIA group, 60.7% were white patients, 10.2% were black patients, 8.6% were Hispanic, 2% were Asian or Pacific Islander, 0.5% were Native Americans, and 2.8% were others. The aSAH group comprised 48.5% white patients, 13.6% black patients, 11.2% Hispanics, 3.6% Asian or Pacific Islanders, 0.4% Native Americans, and 3.7% others. After adjusting for covariates, black patients (OR 0.637, 95% CI 0.625 to 0.648) and Hispanic patients (OR 0.654, 95% CI 0.641 to 0.667) had lower odds of treatment compared with white patients. Medicare patients had higher odds of treatment than private patients, while Medicaid and uninsured patients had lower odds. Interaction analysis showed that non-white/Hispanic patients with any insurance/no insurance had lower treatment odds than white patients. Multivariable regression analysis showed that the treatment odds of black patients has improved slightly over time, while the odds for Hispanic patients and other minorities have remained the same over time.ConclusionThis study from 2000 to 2019 shows that disparities in the treatment of UIA have persisted but have slightly improved over time for black patients while remaining constant for Hispanic patients and other minority groups.
CT hyperdense cerebral artery sign reflects distinct proteomic composition in acute ischemic stroke thrombus
Authors: Schartz Derrek , Akkipeddi Sajal Medha K , Chittaranjan Siddharth , Rahmani Redi , Gunturi Aditya , Ellens Nathaniel , Kohli Gurkirat Singh , Kessler Alex , Mattingly Thomas , Morrell Craig , Bhalla Tarun , Bender Matthew T 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundHyperdense cerebral artery sign (HCAS) is an imaging biomarker in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) that has been shown to be associated with various clinical outcomes and stroke etiology. While prior studies have correlated HCAS with histopathological composition of cerebral thrombus, it is unknown whether and to what extent HCAS is also associated with distinct clot protein composition.MethodsThromboembolic material from 24 patients with AIS were retrieved via mechanical thrombectomy and evaluated with mass spectrometry in order to characterize their proteomic composition. Presence (+) or absence (−) of HCAS on preintervention non-contrast head CT was then determined and correlated with thrombus protein signature with abundance of individual proteins calculated as a function HCAS status.Results24 clots with 1797 distinct proteins in total were identified. 14 patients were HCAS(+) and 10 were HCAS(−). HCAS(+) were most significantly differentially abundant in actin cytoskeletal protein (P=0.002, Z=2.82), bleomycin hydrolase (P=0.007, Z=2.44), arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (P=0.004, Z=2.60), and lysophospholipase D (P=0.007, Z=2.44), among other proteins; HCAS(−) clots were differentially enriched in soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (P=0.0009, Z=3.11), tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn (P=0.002, Z=2.84), and several complement proteins (P<0.05, Z>1.71 for all), among numerous other proteins. Additionally, HCAS(−) thrombi were enriched in biological processes involved with plasma lipoprotein and protein-lipid remodeling/assembling, and lipoprotein metabolic processes (P<0.001), as well as cellular components including mitochondria (P<0.001).ConclusionsHCAS is reflective of distinct proteomic composition in AIS thrombus. These findings suggest that imaging can be used to identify mechanisms of clot formation or maintenance at the protein level, and might inform future research on thrombus biology and imaging characterization.
Penumbra salvage in extensive stroke: exploring limits for reperfusion therapy
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Meyer Lukas , Bechstein Matthias , Elsayed Sarah , Schön Gerhard , Kniep Helge , Kemmling Andre , Hanning Uta , Fiehler Jens , McDonough Rosalie V 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe effect of thrombectomy in patients presenting with extensive ischemic stroke at baseline is currently being investigated; it remains uncertain to what extent brain tissue may be saved by reperfusion in such patients. Penumbra salvage volume (PSV) has been described as a tool to measure the volume of rescued penumbra.ObjectiveTo assess whether the effect of recanalization on PSV is dependent on the extent of early ischemic changes.MethodsObservational study of patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke triaged by multimodal-CT undergoing thrombectomy. PSV was defined as the difference between baseline penumbra volume and net infarct growth to follow-up. The effect of vessel recanalization on PSV depending on the extent of early ischemic changes (defined using Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and core volumes based on relative cerebral blood flow) was determined using multivariable linear regression analysis, and the association with functional outcome at day 90 was tested using multivariable logistic regression.Results384 patients were included, of whom 292 (76%) achieved successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b). Successful recanalization was independently associated with 59 mL PSV (95% CI 29.8 to 88.8 mL) and was linked to increased penumbra salvage up to an ASPECTS of 3 and core volume up to 110 mL. Recanalization was associated with a higher probability of a modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 up to a core volume of 100 mL.ConclusionsRecanalization was associated with significant penumbra salvage up to a lower ASPECTS margin of 3 and upper core volume margin of 110 mL. The clinical benefit of recanalization for patients with very large ischemic regions of >100 mL or ASPECTS <3 remains uncertain and requires prospective investigation.
Perspectives and Psychological Impact of Infertile Couples on Postponement of Fertility Treatment Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chua Ai Chen , Hamdan Mukhri , Tan Albert Chao Chiet 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought forth an unprecedented suspension of fertility treatment worldwide as part of a reallocation of hospital staff and resources to avoid a collapse in the healthcare system. As a nonessential service, postponement of fertility treatment due to the pandemic has impacted the mental health of infertile patients, which comprise [Formula: see text] of the Malaysian population. Objective: To establish the patient’s perspective on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their fertility treatment and to ascertain their psychological status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in a single academic center in Malaysia. This study was approved by the Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) medical research ethics committee (MEC ID NO: 2021714-10376). Patients and partners who were planned for fertility treatment were approached and asked to answer an anonymous electronic survey between July 16, 2021 and December 17, 2021. All patients requiring fertility treatment were included. Results: One hundred and sixty-five patients were included, and [Formula: see text] of patients did not agree with the Ministry of Health Malaysia’s recommendation to postpone fertility treatment; [Formula: see text] would want to continue with treatment; [Formula: see text] of patients are concerned about advancing age and [Formula: see text] are concerned about reducing ovarian reserve if their treatment was postponed or suspended. From univariate analysis, mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe levels of psychological disorders were found in our patients. According to multivariate logistic regression, mild stress was significant among 20–30 years old with [Formula: see text] (OR [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] CI [Formula: see text]). Patients from this age group also suffer from a significant moderate level of stress with [Formula: see text] (OR [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] CI [Formula: see text]). Other variables, when analyzed using multivariate analysis, had no significant findings. Conclusion: Stress related to COVID-19 and concerns about its effect on the fertility rate were found to be significant psychological distress among patients undergoing fertility treatment. Therefore, fertility centers should routinely monitor the mental health of patients and offer them psychological counseling.
Fair Enough: Searching for Sufficient Measures of Fairness
Authors: Majumder Suvodeep , Chakraborty Joymallya , Bai Gina R. , Stolee Kathryn T. , Menzies Tim 
Published: March 2023

Testing machine learning software for ethical bias has become a pressing current concern. In response, recent research has proposed a plethora of new fairness metrics, for example, the dozens of fairness metrics in the IBM AIF360 toolkit. This raises the question: How can any fairness tool satisfy such a diverse range of goals? While we cannot completely simplify the task of fairness testing, we can certainly reduce the problem. This article shows that many of those fairness metrics effectively measure the same thing. Based on experiments using seven real-world datasets, we find that (a) 26 classification metrics can be clustered into seven groups and (b) four dataset metrics can be clustered into three groups. Further, each reduced set may actually predict different things. Hence, it is no longer necessary (or even possible) to satisfy all fairness metrics. In summary, to simplify the fairness testing problem, we recommend the following steps: (1) determine what type of fairness is desirable (and we offer a handful of such types), then (2) lookup those types in our clusters, and then (3) just test for one item per cluster.For the purpose of reproducibility, our scripts and data are available at https://github.com/Repoanon ymous/Fairness_Metrics.
Privacy-preserving Resilient Consensus for Multi-agent Systems in a General Topology Structure
Authors: Hou Jian , Wang Jing , Zhang Mingyue , Jin Zhi , Wei Chunlin , Ding Zuohua 
Published: March 2023

Recent advances of consensus control have made it significant in multi-agent systems such as in distributed machine learning, distributed multi-vehicle cooperative systems. However, during its application it is crucial to achieve resilience and privacy; specifically, when there are adversary/faulty nodes in a general topology structure, normal agents can also reach consensus while keeping their actual states unobserved.
In this article, we modify the state-of-the-art Q-consensus algorithm by introducing predefined noise or well-designed cryptography to guarantee the privacy of each agent state. In the former case, we add specified noise on agent state before it is transmitted to the neighbors and then gradually decrease the value of noise so the exact agent state cannot be evaluated. In the latter one, the Paillier cryptosystem is applied for reconstructing reward function in two consecutive interactions between each pair of neighboring agents. Therefore, multi-agent privacy-preserving resilient consensus (MAPPRC) can be achieved in a general topology structure. Moreover, in the modified version, we reconstruct reward function and credibility function so both convergence rate and stability of the system are improved.
The simulation results indicate the algorithms’ tolerance for constant and/or persistent faulty agents as well as their protection of privacy. Compared with the previous studies that consider both resilience and privacy-preserving requirements, the proposed algorithms in this article greatly relax the topological conditions. At the end of the article, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, we conduct two sets of experiments, i.e., a smart-car hardware platform consisting of four vehicles and a distributed machine learning platform containing 10 workers and a server.
CD45 Is Sufficient to Initiate Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Endothelial Cells—Brief Report
Authors: Nasim Sana , Wylie-Sears Jill , Gao Xinlei , Peng Qianman , Zhu Bo , Chen Kaifu , Chen Hong , Bischoff Joyce 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a dynamic process in which endothelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties and in turn contribute to tissue remodeling and growth. Previously, we found EndMT associated with mitral valve adaptation after myocardial infarction. Furthermore, mitral valve endothelial cells collected at 6 months post-myocardial infarction expressed the pan-leukocyte marker CD45 and EndMT markers. Additionally, mitral valve endothelial cells induced to undergo EndMT with TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 strongly coexpressed CD45 but not CD11b or CD14. Pharmacologic inhibition of the CD45 PTPase (protein tyrosine phosphatase) domain in mitral valve endothelial cells blocked TGFβ-induced EndMT. This prompted us to speculate that, downstream of TGFβ, CD45 induces EndMT.

Methods:
We activated the endogenous CD45 promoter in human endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) using CRISPR (cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/inactive Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) transcriptional activation. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on control ECFCs and CD45-positive ECFCs to identify transcriptomic changes. Three functional assays—cellular migration, collagen gel contraction, and transendothelial electrical resistance—were conducted to assess mesenchymal properties in CD45-positive ECFCs.

Results:
Activation of the endogenous CD45 promoter in ECFC and 3 additional sources of endothelial cells induced expression of several genes implicated in EndMT. In addition, CD45-positive ECFCs showed increased migration, a hallmark of EndMT, increased collagen gel contraction, a hallmark of mesenchymal cells, and decreased cell-cell barrier integrity, indicating reduced endothelial function.

Conclusions:
CD45 is sufficient to incite an EndMT phenotype and acquisition of mesenchymal cell properties in normal human ECFCs. We speculate that CD45, through its C-terminal PTPase domain, initiates signaling events that drive EndMT.
Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk, Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease, and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Acquah Isaac , Hagan Kobina , Javed Zulqarnain , Taha Mohamad B. , Valero‐Elizondo Javier , Nwana Nwabunie , Yahya Tamer , Sharma Garima , Gulati Martha , Hammoud Aziz , Shapiro Michael D. , Blankstein Ron , Blaha Michael J. , Cainzos‐Achirica Miguel , Nasir Khurram 
Published: March 2023

Background
Although there is research on the impact of social determinants of health (SDOHs) on cardiovascular health, most existing evidence is based on individual SDOH components. We evaluated the impact of cumulative SDOH burden on cardiovascular risk factors, subclinical atherosclerosis, and incident cardiovascular disease events.

Methods and Results
We included 6479 participants from the MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). A weighted aggregate SDOH score representing the cumulative number of unfavorable SDOHs, identified from 14 components across 5 domains (economic stability, neighborhood and physical environment, community and social context, education, and health care system access) was calculated and divided into quartiles (quartile 4 being the least favorable). The impact of cumulative SDOH burden on cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity), systemic inflammation, subclinical atherosclerosis, and incident cardiovascular disease was evaluated. Increasing social disadvantage was associated with increased odds of all cardiovascular risk factors except dyslipidemia. Smoking was the risk factor most strongly associated with worse SDOH (odds ratio [OR], 2.67 for quartile 4 versus quartile 1 [95% CI, 2.13–3.34]). Participants within SDOH quartile 4 had 33% higher odds of increased high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.11–1.60]) and 31% higher risk of all cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.03–1.67]), yet no greater burden of subclinical atherosclerosis (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.79–1.29]), when compared with those in quartile 1.

Conclusions
Increasing social disadvantage was associated with more prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and incident cardiovascular disease. These findings call for better identification of SDOHs in clinical practice and stronger measures to mitigate the higher SDOH burden among the socially disadvantaged to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
Shame, Exasperation and Institutional Design: The African Union as an Emotional Security Community
Authors: Hogan John J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The establishment of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) marked a fundamental reassessment of the African Union’s (AU) approach to security management. Many studies, however, view APSA through the lens of Eurocentric theories that neglect the agency of African actors. In contrast, this article examines how APSA’s design was influenced by collectively-held emotions – defined as moral judgements, based on present expectations and past experiences – amongst African policymakers. Emotional expressions can stabilise security communities by emphasising enmity towards outsiders and amity between insiders, while demanding remorse from individual or sub-groups of members that commit moral trespasses. However, this article theorises that inward-facing shame, when collectively felt by a community as a whole, can fundamentally alter its norms, valued behaviours and identity. This is illustrated by the APSA case study, which highlights the influence of inward-directed shame amongst African leaders over their reactions to humanitarian catastrophes in the 1990s, as well as outward-directed exasperation at the apathy of the international community. In addition to improving understanding of APSA’s establishment and design, this facilitates theory-building based upon African realities, thus making a valuable contribution to the growing field of International Relations scholarship concerned with emotions.
The Illusion of Neoliberalism: A Construct of African Development Gap
Authors: Popoola Michael Akin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is a well-known fact that Africa continent is grappling with developmental challenges. The main objectives of this paper therefore are to examine the impact of neoliberalism on these developmental challenges and to encourage African leaders to take a bold and radical departure from the norm in order to chart a new course of development which will take the continent out of the woods of economic retardation and development deficit which envelope the region now. Drawing on the case study which centre on African realities and experiences, the paper discovered that the claim that neo-liberalism is the undisputable means of attaining economic development in Africa is an illusion. On the strength of this, the paper expands on the theory of assimilation with its concomitant smart or strategic protectionism through the adaptation of foreign technology, promotion of education and encouragement of entrepreneurship as means of genuinely engendering economic development in African. The research adopts qualitative and case study methodology. Similarly, the work embraces inductive research approach as the research process systematically focuses on finding answer to the question Of, What effective step can African governments take in order to candidly overcome the challenge of underdevelopment?
The City Versus Its Suburb: The Spatial Development of Pontic Olbia
Authors: Buiskikh Alla V. , Fornasier Jochen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article is devoted to the urban space of Pontic Olbia – to the growth of its territory, and the emergence of its early defensive system consisting of earthworks with moats, which had surrounded the city as early as the Late Archaic period. Conclusions are drawn about the role of the settlement structure in the western part of the city, which had earlier been interpreted as Herodotus’ proasteion, but which – in the light of discoveries made by a Ukrainian-German research project – has been recognised as an integral part of the city. The chronology of the mud-brick and stone fortifications erected no later than in the middle of the 4th century BC, before Olbia was besieged by Zopyrion in 331 BC, has been amended. This work has made it possible to propose a new diagram for Olbia’s spatial development in the Late Archaic and Classical periods.
The Role of External Dynamics on Vietnam’s Ratification of the Convention Against Torture
Authors: Vo Huan Tuong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article analyses the case of Vietnam’s ratification of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1987 from 2013 to 2014. It aims to provide empirical evidence to inform current debates regarding the roles of external and internal dynamics, as well as relevant pressures and threats, in shaping state behaviour toward international civil and political rights treaties. Through this case study, it is argued that external dynamics played an essential role in influencing the socialist state’s ultimate ratification behaviour. In the context of globalisation, international political dynamics are determinant conditions for shaping the socialist state’s signing and ratifying activities toward this convention. In the case of Vietnam, the decision to accede to international human rights treaties should be considered the most appropriate response to the mounting political pressure from the international community.
A Morpho-Pragmatic Study of Roman Alphabetic Initialisms (RAI s) on Chinese and Japanese Social Media
Authors: Chen Tiancheng , Fukushima Saeko , Chen Xinren 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The use of Roman alphabetic initialisms (RAIs) is common on both Chinese and Japanese social media. However, to date, few studies have examined the phenomenon at the morpho-pragmatic interface in adequate detail or depth; nor has any researcher addressed their formational and motivational similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese RAIs. To fill these gaps, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the RAIs collected from Weibo (for Chinese data) and Instagram and Twitter (for Japanese data). The results show that while the RAIs on the Chinese and Japanese social media share some ways of formation and converge on some motivations, differences in both formation and motivations also exist between Chinese and Japanese RAIs. It is argued that the formational differences stem from language characteristics and the functional divergences may be attributed to the different societal-cultural backgrounds of Chinese and Japanese netizens. The study may not only expand the scope of initialism research in general, but also enrich our understanding of the effect of societal-cultural differences on their formation and function of use in Computer- Mediated Communication (CMC) in particular.