bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Korean War Identification Project: 30 years of expanding scope and complexity in the accounting of American war dead
Authors: Go Matthew C. , Keyes Veronica A. , Doman Jessamy H. , Grow Kristen M. , Hale Amanda R. , Nagengast‐Stevens Elizabeth , New Briana T. , Williams Devin N. , Jin Jennie J. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Korean War claimed approximately 36,500 American service member casualties in its 3 years, of which nearly 7600 are still unaccounted for. The Korea 208 (K208) Project began in 2011 to more strategically address the highly commingled nature of 208 boxes of human remains that were repatriated from North Korea to the United Nations Command in the early 1990s and subsequently turned over to the Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii (now Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency [DPAA]) for analysis and identification. The K208 was further expanded by the recovery of remains from Joint Recovery Operations (JROs) in North Korea between 1996 and 2005, which revealed, among other issues, the presence of non‐U.S. casualties and crossover of elements between these two assemblages. More recently, 55 boxes of human remains (known as the K55) were repatriated from North Korea in 2018 with many of the same commingling and assemblage crossover issues originally presented by the K208. Additionally, there has been an increased push to disinter more than 800 unknown Korean War service members buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific (also known as the Punchbowl) in Honolulu, which represent casualties recovered from both North and South Korea that had undergone prior analysis in the 1950s and 1960s. Subsequent examination has revealed that many Punchbowl remains are commingled despite being thought to have been originally buried as discrete individuals. Because of these developments, the K208 Project has grown in complexity and scope, thus changing its name to the Korean War Identification Project (KWIP) in 2017. Now under its purview are the original accessions from the K208 and JROs as well as the K55 and Punchbowl, representing the largest identification project within the DPAA. A robust and defensible identification process begins with an initial triage of the remains, followed by a systematic process of segregation, consolidation, and corroboration leading to identification. This unique case of highly commingled human remains, involving thousands of missing persons from varied proveniences, highlights the challenges and successes of a multi‐disciplinary approach involving historians, anthropologists, odontologists, and DNA and isotope specialists at the forefront, while also working with family members towards resolution. As of December 31, 2020, the KWIP has identified a total of 591 service members and continues to seek ways to innovate and improve both the quantity and quality of its work.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Anthropology > Anthropology in Mass Disaster & War Crime Contexts
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Forensic Medicine > Historical Perspectives
Remarks on the Terrain Correction and the Geoid Bias
Authors: Sjöberg Lars E. , Abrehdary Majid 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe incomplete knowledge of the topographic density distribution causes a topographic bias in all gravimetric geoid determinations. This bias becomes critical in aiming for accurate geoid models in high mountainous regions. The bias can be divided into two components: the bias of the Bouguer shell (or Bouguer plate) and that of the remaining terrain. Starting from the known (disturbing) potential at the Earth’s surface, we study the possible location of the bias caused by incomplete reduction of the terrain masses in the computational process, We show that there is no such bias for terrain masses located exterior to the Bouguer plate/shell and/or inside the Bouguer plate at a lateral distance exceeding the height HP of the topography at the computational point. We conclude that the only possible terrain bias could be generated by masses inside a dome of height
$$ \left(\sqrt{2}-1\right){H}_P $$

2

−
1

H

P

centered along the radius vector through the computational point with its base of radius HP at sea-level.
It’s Coming Home Down Under – The Potential of Digital Work to Overcome Australia’s Challenges in Reshoring Manufacturing
Authors: Lammers Thorsten , Guertler Matthias , Sick Nathalie , Deuse Jochen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past decades, the world has seen a continuous increase of globalisation and interconnectedness – in part supported by advances in digital communication and production technologies. In the case of industrial production, this trend has led to global, integrated supply chains in order to provide the most competitive and innovative products utilising the most competitive market conditions. In Australia, due to its remote geographic location and socioeconomic conditions, such as high labour costs and negative economics of scale, this has resulted in a loss of domestic manufacturing capabilities. With recent changes in the geopolitical environment (trade wars, actual wars, Covid-19, climate crisis etc.) calls to produce local are becoming louder again. In this article, we therefore explore the potential of digital technologies to overcome Australia’s challenges in reshoring its manufacturing capabilities. Findings indicate that a highly skilled digital workforce is needed to leverage the country’s potential in world-leading niche manufacturing. The Associate Degree of Advanced Manufacturing, developed and delivered by the Centre for Advanced Manufacturing at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), is presented as an example of how to upskill the manufacturing workforce.
Artificial Intelligence and Assistance Systems for Technical Vocational Education and Training – Opportunities and Risks
Authors: Windelband Lars 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence and Assistance Systems are having an impact on the economy, society, skilled work and work environment. However, there are often very different assessments of the effects: On the one hand the loss of jobs and even professions have been predicted, on the other hand new support and options for work are emerging.The actual promotion of these systems will depend on the opportunities of intervention and control by skilled workers. How can problem situations and imponderabilities in virtual environments be handled and solved? Both the opportunities and the risks of Artificial Intelligence and assistance systems for vocational education and training are reflected in this article.
Designing Digital Work – A Tale of Two Complexities
Authors: Mühlbradt Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDigital work is becoming ubiquitous across a range of fields, ranging from production to services. Besides the effects of automation on the job market, it changes job contents and job demands for those holding jobs. Such jobs are characterized by high information load, higher levels of autonomy, performance diversity and growth potential. Respective jobs, tasks and work environments are often characterized with the term complexity. Paradigms, strategies, tools, and practices of work design must keep up with the affordances of so-called complex sociotechnical systems. However, understanding and conceptualization of complexity in work design are still rather superficial. In healthcare, sometimes labeled as a paradigm for complexity, a rising dissatisfaction with this state can be noticed and a lack of progress in patient safety is lamented. Drawing upon systems theory and its variant systems thinking, an integrated approach to work design is sketched out with reference to healthcare. This approach allows for a more systematic treatment of complexity with its two main strategies of complexity reduction and complexity management. Finally, the transfer of this approach into teaching is discussed within the field of work & organizational psychology at a university of applied science.
Designing Explainable and Controllable Artificial Intelligence Systems Together: Inclusive Participation Formats for Software-Based Working Routines in Industry
Authors: Pentenrieder Annelie , Hahn Peter , Schaffrath Scarlet , Krieger Benedikt , Brzoska Stefanie , Peters Robert , Künzel Matthias , Hartmann Ernst Andreas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract“This is what it would look like if your AI (Artificial Intelligence) system was explainable to and controllable by you.” With this title, a co-creation workshop was hosted by the Berlin-based Institute for Innovation and Technology (iit) on December 1, 2021. The workshop addressed the question of how artificially intelligent systems can be designed to be explainable and controllable in collaboration with different user groups. The workshop tested sociotechnical design methods for the participatory inclusion of potential users in the development process. An interactive matrix helped to collect ideas from participants and differentiated sociotechnical aspects on a technical, organizational, and human level.As a second method, drafters (a.k.a. graphic recorders) accompanied the workshop and visualized the computer system´s interface according to the discussion. The following article introduces these two workshop methods, presents the results and gives recommendations based on the experiences for future workshops. The workshop format also addresses the challenge of operationalizing ethical principles in the design of AI.
Polyakov’s confinement mechanism for generalized Maxwell theory
Authors: Heydeman Matthew , Jepsen Christian B. , Ji Ziming , Yarom Amos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study fractional-derivative Maxwell theory, as appears in effective descriptions of, for example, large Nf QED3, graphene, and some types of surface defects. We argue that when the theory is realized on a lattice, monopole condensation leads to a confining phase via the Polyakov confinement mechanism.
Can the size of the contact area body-ground influence the presence of acute pulmonary emphysema in cases of incomplete hanging?
Authors: Castiglioni C. , Lanzillotta F. , Fracasso T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a recently published study, we showed that acute pulmonary emphysema (APE) was present in cases of death by incomplete hanging and absent in cases of complete hanging. This result suggested a possible role of the hanging position on the respiratory distress of these victims. To further investigate this hypothesis, in the present study, we compared cases of incomplete hanging with a small contact area between body and ground (group A) to cases of incomplete hanging with a large contact area (group B). As positive and negative control group, we investigated cases of freshwater drowning (group C) and acute external bleeding (group D) respectively. Pulmonary samples were histologically examined, and the mean alveolar area (MAA) for each group was measured by digital morphometric analysis. MAA was 23,485 μm2 for group A and 31,426 μm2 for group B (p < 0.05). MAA of group B was similar to MAA of positive control group (33,135 μm2) and MAA of group A was similar to MAA of negative control group (21,991 μm2). These results seem to confirm our hypothesis and suggest that the size of the contact area between body and ground influences the presence of APE. Furthermore, the present study showed that APE can be proposed as a vitality sign in incomplete hanging, but only in cases with a large contact area between body and ground.
Ernährungsempfehlungen für Menschen mit Diabetes (Update 2023)
Authors: Klammer Carmen , Schindler Karin , Bugl Rita , Plazek Dagmar , Vötter Miriam , Kirchner Tanja , Martino Claudia , Klammer-Martin Jasmin , Brix Johanna , Dämon Sabine , Hoppichler Friedrich , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Kruschitz Renate , Toplak Hermann , Clodi Martin , Ludvik Bernhard 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungJe nach Diabetesform und -therapie sollen alle Menschen mit Diabetes eine individuelle ernährungsmedizinische Beratung und Schulung durch Fachpersonal erhalten. Im Vordergrund sollte eine patientinnen- und patientenzentrierte, individualisierte Beratung stehen, angepasst an die jeweiligen Bedürfnisse und Lebensumstände der Menschen mit Diabetes. Neben der Unterstützung zur Umsetzung einer ausgewogenen Ernährung gilt es, gemeinsam mit Patient:innen individuelle Stoffwechselziele und Gewichtsziele zu definieren, um mithilfe der Ernährung den Krankheitsverlauf positiv zu beeinflussen und mögliche Spätfolgen zu vermeiden. Dabei sollten vor allem praxisbezogene Empfehlungen unter Berücksichtigung der persönlichen Nahrungsmittel-Präferenzen ausgesprochen werden und Hilfsmittel zur Planung von geeigneten Portionsgrößen und der geeigneten Mahlzeitenzusammenstellung zum Einsatz kommen. Entsprechend aktueller internationaler und nationaler Standards sollen Menschen mit Diabetes im Diabetes-Selbstmanagement unterstützt werden (DSMES) und erlernen, die postprandiale Reaktion auf Speisen und Getränke besser einschätzen und durch die geeignete Lebensmittel- und Getränkeauswahl positiv beeinflussen zu können. Alle Menschen mit Diabetes sollten regelmäßig, je nach individuellem Bedarf, die Möglichkeit haben, eine ernährungstherapeutische Beratung oder Schulung in Anspruch nehmen zu können.Diese Praxisempfehlung stellt eine Zusammenfassung der aktuellen Literatur zu ernährungsrelevanten Aspekten bei Diabetes dar.
Therapie der Hyperglykämie bei erwachsenen, kritisch kranken PatientInnen (Update 2023)
Authors: Clodi M. , Resl M. , Abrahamian H. , Föger B. , Weitgasser R. 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungBei kritisch kranken PatientInnen kommt es häufig zum Auftreten einer Hyperglykämie welche eindeutig mit einer gesteigerten Mortalitätsrate assoziiert ist. Der aktuell verfügbaren Datenlage entsprechend sollte eine intravenöse Insulintherapie bei Blutzuckerwerten > 180 mg/dl begonnen werden und ein Zielbereich zwischen meist 140–180 mg/dl angestrebt werden.
Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes (Update 2023)
Authors: Clodi Martin , Toplak Hermann , Resl Michael , Brix Johanna , Leitner Deborah Raphaela , Harreiter Jürgen , Hoppichler Friedrich , Wascher Thomas C. , Schindler Karin , Ludvik Bernhard 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Body-Mass-Index (BMI) ist individuell betrachtet ein sehr grobes Maß für den Anteil des Körperfetts am Körpergewicht. Sogar Normalgewichtige können bei Muskelmangel zu viel Körperfett aufweisen (Sarkopenie), weswegen zusätzlich Messungen der Körperzusammensetzung (z. B. Bioimpedanzanalyse [BIA]) empfohlen werden. Lebensstilmanagement mit Ernährungsumstellung und Bewegung ist eine der wichtigsten Maßnahmen in der Diabetesprävention und -therapie. In der Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes hat das Gewicht als sekundärer Zielparameter zunehmende Bedeutung erlangt. Auch die Wahl der antidiabetischen Therapie, aber auch der Begleittherapien nimmt immer mehr darauf Rücksicht. Die modernen GLP‑1 Analoga als auch der kombinierte GLP-1–GIP-Agonist Tirzepatid nehmen einen wichtigen Stellenwert in der gemeinsamen Behandlung von Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 ein. Die bariatrische Chirurgie ist derzeit bei an Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 erkrankten Menschen mit BMI > 35 kg/m2 indiziert und kann zumindest teilweise zur Diabetesremission beitragen, sie muss aber in ein entsprechendes lebenslanges Betreuungskonzept eingebunden sein.
Can the proximal humeral ossification system (PHOS) effectively guide brace weaning in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
Authors: Cheung Prudence Wing Hang , Cheung Jason Pui Yin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The proximal humeral epiphyses can be conveniently viewed in routine spine radiographs. This study aimed to investigate whether the proximal humeral epiphyseal ossification system (PHOS) can be used to determine the timing of brace weaning in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), as assessed by the rate of curve progression after brace weaning.

Methods
A total of 107 patients with AIS who had weaned brace-wear at Risser Stage  ≥  4, no bodily growth and post-menarche  ≥  2 years between 7/2014 and 2/2016 were studied. Increase in major curve Cobb angle > 5° between weaning and 2-year follow-up was considered curve progression. Skeletal maturity was assessed using the PHOS, distal radius and ulna (DRU) classification, Risser and Sanders staging. Curve progression rate per maturity grading at weaning was examined.

Results
After brace-wear weaning, 12.1% of the patients experienced curve progression. Curve progression rate for weaning at PHOS Stage 5 was 0% for curves < 40°, and 20.0% for curves ≥ 40°. No curve progression occurred when weaning at PHOS Stage 5 with radius grade of 10 for curves ≥ 40°. Factors associated with curve progression were: Months post-menarche (p = 0.021), weaning Cobb angle (p = 0.002), curves < 40° versus ≥ 40° (p = 0.009), radius (p = 0.006) and ulna (p = 0.025) grades, and Sanders stages (p = 0.025), but not PHOS stages (p = 0.454).

Conclusion
PHOS can be a useful maturity indicator for brace-wear weaning in AIS, with PHOS Stage 5 having no post-weaning curve progression in curves < 40°. For large curves ≥ 40°, PHOS Stage 5 is also effective in indicating the timing of weaning together with radius grade ≥ 10.
Adsorption of lanthanide double-decker phthalocyanines on single-walled carbon nanotubes: structural changes and electronic properties as studied by density functional theory
Authors: Bolívar-Pineda Lina M. , Mendoza-Domínguez Carlos Uriel , Basiuk Vladimir A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Context
Molecular modeling of carbon nanotubes and lanthanide double-decker phthalocyanines hybrids is challenging due to the presence of 4f-electrons. In this paper, we analyzed the trends in structural changes and electronic properties when a lanthanide (La, Gd, and Lu) bisphthalocyanine molecule is adsorbed on the surface of two single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) models: armchair and zigzag. The density functional theory (DFT) computations showed that the height of bisphthalocyanines complexes (LnPc2) when adsorbed on a nanotube (LnPc2+SWCNT) is the structural feature which is most affected by the nanotube model. The formation energy of the LnPc2+SWCNT hybrid depends on the metal atom and the nanotube chirality. LaPc2 and LuPc2 bind stronger to the zigzag nanotube, while for GdPc2, bonding to the armchair nanotube is the stronger one. The HOMO-LUMO gap energy (Egap) shows a correlation between the nature of lanthanide and the nanotube chirality. In the case of adsorption on armchair nanotube, Egap tends to match the gap of isolated LnPc2, whereas for adsorption on the zigzag nanotube, it is closer to the value for the isolated nanotube model. The spin density is localized on the phthalocyanines ligands (plus on Gd in the case of GdPc2), when the bisphthalocyanine is adsorbed on the surface of the armchair nanotube. For bonding to zigzag nanotube (ZNT), it extends over both components, except for LaPc2+ZNT, where spin density is found on the nanotube only.

Method
All DFT calculations were carried out using the DMol3 module of Material Studio 8.0 software package from Accelrys Inc. The computational technique chosen was the general gradient approximation functional PBE in combination with a long-range dispersion correction developed by Grimme (PBE-D2), the double numerical basis set DN, and the DFT semi-core pseudopotentials.
Quantitative Analysis of Relationship Between Fruit Quality of ‘Fuji’ Apple and Environmental Factors: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau Production Region
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Minji , Zhou Beibei , Zhang Junke , Wei Qinping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental factors (soil nutrition and meteorological factors) on fruit quality traits of ‘Fuji’ apples. ‘Fuji’ apple fruits, soil samples, and meteorological data were investigated from 66 commercial orchards covering 22 counties of the Loess Plateau region in China. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and linear programming were combined to analyze the quantitative relationship between fruit quality and environmental factors. The effect of meteorological factors (55.99%) on fruit quality was greater than that of soil nutrition factors (44.01%) in the Loess Plateau apple-producing region of China. Optimum environmental factors for high-quality ‘Fuji’ apples in the Loess Plateau region were: soil organic matter (13.94–17.93 g ∙ kg−1), total N (0.77–1.03 g ∙ kg−1), available N (68.39–115.87 mg ∙ kg−1), P (62.39–124.67 mg ∙ kg−1), K (324.41–468.62 mg ∙ kg−1), Ca (6.54 mg ∙ kg−1), Fe (14.97 mg ∙ kg−1), Zn (1.55–2.72 mg ∙ kg−1), B (0.37 mg ∙ kg−1), and soil pH (7.98–8.20); mean annual temperature (18 ℃), total annual precipitation (431.2–713.8 mm), monthly mean temperature (19.9 ℃), lowest temperature (8.03 ℃), highest temperature (19.63 to 27.25 ℃), temperature difference between day and night (12.41 ℃), total precipitation (338.3–589.8 mm), relative humidity (56.57–82.41%), and sunshine percentage (36.96–55.87%) during the growing period (April–October).
Rare, slow but impressive: > 43 ka of rockslide in river canyon incising crystalline rocks of the eastern Bohemian Massif
Authors: Lenart Jan , Kašing Martin , Pánek Tomáš , Braucher Régis , Kuda František 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Despite significant progress in understanding the stability of rock slopes, little is known about the time scales of the evolution of slow-moving rockslides. The Ledové sluje rockslide in the Thaya River canyon is a unique and infrequent slope failure developed in crystalline rocks of the Variscan orogen in Central Europe. Fresh topography with trenches, rock walls, slided blocks, scree slopes and crevice-type caves has attracted generations of geologists for more than a century, but questions of mechanism and age of the rockslide have remained unresolved. To address this question, we combined geomorphological research with detailed analysis of the geological structure, electrical resistivity profiling and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating (TCN). Our data show that failure developed above the river undercut bank along a planar sliding surface predisposed by NW-oriented gently dipping metamorphic foliation intersected by steep fractures and faults. Although TCN dating does not allow determination of the entire life span of the rockslide, its scarp predisposed by NE- to ENE-striking fault was largely exposed in the Last Glacial during marine isotope stages (MIS) 3 and 2 between ~ 43 and 23 ka, suggesting slow gradual or multievent movement of the rockslide slope rather than a single catastrophic event. We conclude that, although very rare in Central Europe, rockslides in the crystalline rocks of the Palaeozoic orogens may leave a much longer topographic footprint than in the adjacent Alpine mountain belts.
A Thermal Model of Low-Temperature Light Detectors for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiments
Authors: Kim S. G. , Jeon J. A. , Woo K. R. , Kim S. R. , Kwon D. H. , Lee H. J. , Kim H. B. , Lee Y. C. , Kim M. B. , Lee M. K. , Kim Y. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report a detector model study for light detectors having Ge and Si wafers as absorbers with a metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC) readout. The model explains the heat flow processes between the thermal components in the detector system, including athermal and thermal phonon transfers and electronic heat diffusion. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductance values was in good agreement with their expectations. The analysis also resulted in finding the characteristic time constants of the athermal phonons for direct absorption in the phonon collector film and for the downconversion to thermal phonons of the absorber wafers. It is a complete detector model to be applied for various detector variations such as the type and dimensions of the wafer absorber.