bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast inhibition by tocilizumab enabled gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel rechallenge for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Mitsunaga Shuichi , Ikeda Masafumi , Imaoka Hiroshi , Sasaki Mitsuhito , Watanabe Kazuo , Sato Akihiro , Aoki Kazunori , Ochiai Atsushi , Makikawa Mayu , Nishidate Masanobu , Yamaguchi Kyoko , Terao Kimio , Sawada Noriaki , Fujitomo Takashi , Fujii Etsuko , Kato Atsuhiko , Tsunoda Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway inhibition may overcome chemoresistance of metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). We sought to determine the safety and recommended dose of tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL‐6 receptor monoclonal antibody, and biological correlates of tumor shrinkage in patients with gemcitabine (GEM)/nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐PTX)‐refractory MPC. This phase 1 study enrolled 10 patients with MPC who had progressed after GEM/nab‐PTX. Patients initially received TCZ 8 mg/kg on Day 1 and nab‐PTX 100 mg/m2 + GEM 750 mg/m2 on Days 2, 9, and 16. Before and at the end of Cycle 1, biopsy of liver metastases was performed 3–5 h after levofloxacin (LVFX) administration to measure LVFX infiltration into tumor tissue. No dose‐limited toxicities occurred, and the recommended dosage of TCZ was determined to be 8 mg/kg. Treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 80% of patients, of which decreased neutrophil count was the most common. Tumor reduction during Cycle 1 was observed in four patients, who were defined as responders. In paired‐biopsy samples, responder‐related biological activities were an increase of cleaved PARP expression of tumor nuclei (p = 0.01), a decrease of proliferative cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) (p = 0.08), and an increase of LVFX infiltration in the tumor (p = 0.04). A decrease of phosphorylated STAT3 expression (p = 0.02) favored an increase in LVFX infiltration. In conclusion, TCZ + GEM/nab‐PTX‐rechallenge had a manageable safety profile and showed preliminary activity via inhibition of CAF and improved intratumoral drug infiltration in MPC.
Resin‐bonded fixed dental prosthesis versus implant‐supported single crowns in the anterior region
Authors: Bawa Annika , Seth‐Johansen Chahak , Jensen Simon Storgård , Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDifferent treatment options exist for replacement of an anterior tooth, and as implant‐supported single crowns (ISSC) and resin‐bonded fixed dental prosthesis (RBFDPs) both are widespread treatment options, it is of clinical relevance to know which treatment modality can be considered superior.PurposeThe purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the 3‐ and 5‐year survival and failure rate of tooth‐supported resin‐bonded fixed dental prosthesis compared to implant‐supported single crowns. The null hypothesis was that there was no significant difference in survival rate, occurrence of complications or patient‐reported outcome between RBFDPs and ISSCs.Materials and MethodsA total of 45 resin‐bonded FDPs were inserted in 27 young patients (test group) with tooth agenesis in the anterior part of the maxilla or mandible and a control group of 28 patients also with tooth agenesis in the anterior region but treated with 40 implant‐supported single crowns were included in this study. All patients and treatments were followed with a baseline and a 3‐ or 5‐year examination. All patients had to fill out an Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐49) questionnaire at baseline and at the 3‐ or 5‐year examination. The restorations were evaluated according to the Copenhagen Index Score (CIS).ResultsFor the RBFDP (test) group there was an 82% survival rate and 18% failure rate, that is, four RBFDPs were not in situ after 3 years and four RBFDPs were not in situ after 5 years. Correspondingly, the ISSC showed a survival rate of 98% and a failure rate of 2%, that is, only one failure (ceramic fracture) after 3 and none after 5 years. Of the 82% RBFDPs in situ, there were no complications in 78% of the cases, whereas 22% had complications after 3 (4 complications) and 5 years (4 complications). There were 92% of the ISSCs without any complications and 8% (ie, 3 ISSCs) with complications after 3 or 5 years. In general, there was a significant reduction in the OHIP‐49 scores, for example, an improved oral health quality of life for both treatment options.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that ISSCs have lower complication and failure rates than RBFDPs. In general, the OHIP‐scores were significantly reduced regardless of whether RBFDPs or ISSC were used.
Formation of a conceptual framework during the development of a patient‐reported outcome measure for early gastrointestinal recovery: phase I of the PRO‐diGi study
Authors: Baker Daniel M. , Chapman Stephen J. , Thomas Benjamin D. , Thompson Benjamin J. , Hawkins Deborah J. , Arnott Robert , Blackwell Sue , Thorpe Gabrielle , Harji Deena P. , Jones Georgina L. , Lee Matthew J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimPatients admitted to hospital for abdominal surgery often experience gastrointestinal dysfunction. Many studies have reported outcomes following gastrointestinal dysfunction, yet there is no unified definition of recovery or a validated patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM). The first stage of PROM development requires formation of a conceptual framework to identify key themes to patients. The aim of this study was to utilize semistructured interviews to identify core themes and concepts relevant to patients to facilitate development of a conceptual framework.MethodAdult patients admitted to hospital for major gastrointestinal, urological or gynaecological surgery, in an emergency or elective setting, were eligible to participate. Patients treated nonoperatively for small bowel obstruction were also eligible. Interviews were conducted by telephone, audio‐recorded, transcribed, coded and analysed using NVivo software by two researchers and reviewed by lay members of the steering group. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Ethical approval was gained prior to interviews (21/WA/0231).ResultsTwenty nine interviews were completed (17 men, median age 64 years) across three specialties (20 gastrointestinal, six gynaecological, three urological). Two overarching themes of ‘general recovery’ and ‘gastrointestinal symptoms’ were identified. General recovery included three themes: ‘life impact’, ‘mental impact’, including anxiety, and ‘physical impact’, including fatigue. Gastrointestinal symptoms included three themes: ‘abdominal symptoms’ such as pain, ‘diet and appetite’ and ‘expulsory function’, such as stool frequency. A total of 18 gastrointestinal symptoms were identified during patient recovery—many of which lasted several weeks following discharge.ConclusionThis study reports a range of gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal symptoms experienced by patients during early gastrointestinal recovery. Identified symptoms have been synthesized into a conceptual framework to enable development of a definitive PROM for early gastrointestinal recovery.
A dye–fibre system from food waste: Dyeing casein fibres with anthocyanins
Authors: Blackburn Richard S. , Houghton Joseph A. , Stenton Marie , Tidder Alenka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRegenerated protein fibres manufactured from food side‐streams offer significant potential as circular and sustainable fibres, but greater knowledge of their dyeing properties is required. In this research, coloration of casein fibres with dyes also extracted from blackcurrant skins left over from juice pressing is explored. Casein fibre was dyed with blackcurrant extract, rich in anthocyanins, from pH 2 to pH 6 and from 40 to 80°C, with and without alum. Casein fibres could be dyed with blackcurrant extract across all conditions tested, and under optimal conditions, dyeing is achieved with medium depths of colour with good wash fastness. Highest sorption of anthocyanins onto casein is observed at pH 4, where anthocyanins are a mixture of 60% neutral purple quinonoidal base form and 40% flavylium cation form; under these conditions dye–fibre interaction is optimal. At pH 2, casein fibre has a highly positively charged surface and anthocyanin is in the flavylium cation form, leading to some dye–fibre repulsion. At pH 6, the slightly negatively charged casein fibre demonstrates lower sorption of the mixture of 40% purple quinonoidal base form and 60% the anionic quinonoidal base form, again leading to some dye–fibre repulsion. Presence of alum in the dyebath enhances sorption of anthocyanins onto fibre at pH 4 due to formation of Al–anthocyanin complexes. Wash fastness of the dyeings is better as pH increases and as temperature increases.
Public good provision with redistributive taxation
Authors: Pecorino Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA government sets the level of taxation to provide a public good valued by consumers. There are two groups of consumers, the rich and the poor. The government has redistributive preferences, but is initially constrained to use lump‐sum taxation. This potentially leads the government to provide a very low level of the public good out of concern for not reducing private good consumption of the poor. In this context, allowing a small amount of redistribution from the rich to the poor may be Pareto improving. The loss in private consumption by the rich may be more than offset by the added utility from increased public good provision. I also analyze the extent to which a flat income tax can induce the government to choose a level of public good consistent with the Samuelson condition. When consumers have a survival constraint on private consumption, a progressive tax code is required to induce the government to choose the efficient level of the public good. Generally speaking, there is a trade‐off between a desire to restrain the government's ability to redistribute income and a desire to induce it to choose the level of the public good implied by the Samuelson condition.
Keep an eye on natural enemies: What Aphidius on sticky traps tells us about aphid pest population dynamics
Authors: Grupe Björn , Dieckhoff Christine , Meyhöfer Rainer 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMonitoring pest population development in crops is crucial for determining action thresholds and evaluating the efficacy of pest control measures in greenhouse integrated pest management. Yellow sticky traps are a popular choice for trapping various pests; however, they may not be effective in capturing wingless or immature pests. For instance, winged aphids can only be trapped during their dispersal activities; thus, relying solely on sticky traps for monitoring can be insufficient and may result in an inaccurate estimation of population density. Therefore, we investigated a new approach for the indirect monitoring of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on cucumbers, Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae) by monitoring the natural enemies on sticky traps. The study aimed to assess aphid population density in crops via the foraging activities of Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In theory, the patch time allocation of parasitoids should increase with increasing host density, whereas the probability of trapping parasitoids on sticky traps should decrease. To test this hypothesis, we infested cucumber crops in greenhouse cabins with different aphid densities and hung yellow sticky traps before releasing A. colemani. Insects were counted weekly on the plants and sticky traps, and their relationships were analyzed using correlation modeling. The trap catches strongly correlated with aphid population density in the crops, but this correlation was positive, contrary to our expectations. Nevertheless, in the absence of winged aphids, indirect assessments could be a valuable tool for monitoring pest populations. Furthermore, our study confirms that monitoring winged aphids on yellow sticky traps is not a reliable method for the surveillance of the actual aphid population density in the crops. The possibilities of the biological control and monitoring of non‐flying insects are discussed.
Chemical and biological products used in sugarcane and their effect on Trichogramma galloi
Authors: Taguti Paula Sayuri , Ramalho Dagmara Gomes , Nascimento Vinícius Ferraz , dos Santos Lauany Cavalcante , Taguti Erica Ayumi , Mihsfeldt Laila Herta , De Bortoli Sergio Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe parasitoid Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an effective biocontrol agent of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Its use is often recommended in integrated pest management (IPM) programs in sugarcane. However, the IPM of this crop also involves the use of chemical and biological insecticides, and little is known about the effects of concomitant use of these products together with T. galloi. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the chemical insecticide chlorantraniliprole (Altacor 350 WG) and the biological agents Beauveria bassiana (Bals.‐Criv.) Vuill. (Granada WP), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Opala WP), and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Dipel WP) on the parasitism of T. galloi adult females against D. saccharalis eggs under laboratory conditions, in addition to biological parameters of the offspring. Treatments with chlorantraniliprole and B. thuringiensis reduced the parasitism rate of T. galloi females. The biological agents M. anisopliae, B. thuringiensis, and chlorantraniliprole increased offspring mortality by more than 30%. The use of B. bassiana favored adult female parasitism rates and did not cause significant offspring mortality. None of the treatments had significant effects on the emergence, longevity, and sex ratio of the offspring. Our results suggest that an insecticide based on B. bassiana can be used concomitantly with the parasitoid T. galloi in sugarcane IPM programs. Moreover, M. anisopliae, B. thuringiensis, and chlorantraniliprole had significant undesirable effects on T. galloi; therefore, they should be used with caution to avoid potential suppression of the parasitoid effect.
Schelling on freedom, evil and imputation: A puzzle
Authors: Stern Robert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper is focused on F. W. J. Schelling's view of freedom during the period of the Freiheitsschrift (1809) and related works. It is argued that the standard way this has been understood may be too simplistic. On this standard interpretation of his view, evil is made a matter of free choice by the agent, but where the choice does not concern individual actions, but the choice of the agent's essence in an atemporal act. As a result of this choice, it is argued, Schelling can then make evil imputable. By contrast, I argue that for Schelling freedom does not involve choice, but necessity, but in a way that is still internal to the agent and hence non‐coercive, and thus in a way that remains free and makes evil imputable. How Schelling comes to have this view is considered, and some responses are given to ways it might be challenged both interpretatively and philosophically.
Taxonomic and functional diversity of the soil microbiome recruited from alternative crops in a rotation system
Authors: Liu Qing , Li Teng , Chen Lin , Zhang Sai , Zhao Yingxing , Chen Yuanquan , Liu Jin , Gao Wangsheng , Sui Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntensive cropping is considered to contribute to negative effects both on soil physiochemical properties and on long‐term grain yield, which can be alleviated by appropriate crop rotations. The soil microbial community can vary with different crop rotations, which in turn affect soil quality and grain yield. Therefore, it is of great significance to elucidate the response of the soil microbial community to crop rotation. In this study, the structural and functional changes of microbial community in different crop rotations were analyzed using high‐throughput sequencing and metagenomics analysis in a field experiment. The continuous winter wheat‐summer maize cropping system was the control, and three crop rotations were established in October 2016 as follows: (1) spring peanut→winter wheat‐summer maize, (2) winter wheat‐summer peanut→winter wheat‐summer maize and (3) spring sweet potato→winter wheat‐summer maize. Soil samples were collected in September 2021 for soil microbial assessment. The results showed that the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in the soil of spring sweet potato→winter wheat‐summer maize was significantly higher (15.2%) than that in the control. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was significantly higher (19.8%–23.2%) in the soil following crop rotation compared with the control. Compared with the control, spring peanut→winter wheat‐summer maize enriched energy metabolism genes, and spring sweet potato→winter wheat‐summer maize reduced the genes related to plant–pathogen interaction. Compared with the control, crop rotation significantly decreased the relative abundance of the inorganic phosphorus solubilization gene (gcd) and the phosphorus transport gene (upgE) and increased the abundance of organic phosphorus mineralization genes (phoA and phyA). Based on these results, we concluded that the composition of the soil microbial community and functional genes can be altered by crop rotation, and spring peanut→winter wheat‐summer maize and spring sweet potato→winter wheat‐summer maize had more significant effects. This study provided a reference for the selection of crop rotations in the North China Plain based on the soil microbial community and its function.
Information needs and sources of health professionals in Malawi
Authors: Gama Limbani Chrispin , Chawinga Winner Dominic , Chipeta George Theodore 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealth professionals require up‐to‐date information in their pursuit of evidence‐based practice in health care. There is a plethora of literature on information behaviour of different user groups across disciplines in Malawi with little evidence on health professionals.ObjectivesThe study investigated the information behaviour of health professionals at one of the three biggest hospitals in Malawi.MethodsA descriptive survey design was used. Ninety‐four health professionals participated in the study. SPSS was used for descriptive analysis to generate frequencies and percentages.ResultsPersonal and professional development constituted the major information need among all the health professionals. Health professionals used books and colleagues as sources of information, but many preferred to use websites, rather than print resources. The challenges that affected their information behaviour included, inadequate information resources, limited access to the internet and e‐databases, and lack of information literacy skills.DiscussionThe study revealed various information needs of health professionals and their preferred information sources. Health professionals need adequate library and information services with both print and digital resources and support from information professionals. Nevertheless, use of the hospital library was very low among health professionals.ConclusionHealth professionals at MCH continue to face various challenges that hinder access and efficient use of information resources.
Contrasting results of multiple species delimitation approaches cause uncertainty in synecological studies: A case study on Sri Lankan chafers
Authors: Ranasinghe U. G. S. L. , Thormann J. , Benjamin S. P. , Bezděk A. , Eberle J. , Ahrens Dirk 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Biodiversity patterns are the sum of multiple overlapping species distributions. Their analysis therefore requires proper species inference. DNA‐based species delimitation has become increasingly popular for such assessments, but their robustness is often problematic due to incongruence between multiple delimitation approaches.
Here, we explored how contrasting results of different species’ delimitations translate into conclusions of synecological studies, exemplified by assemblages of phytophagous scarab beetles in Sri Lanka from different elevations and forest types. Particularly, we compared estimates based on complete assemblages and on cumulated species inventories inferred from individually analysed subclades.
The patterns of assemblage similarity were analysed across different spatial scales with reference to morphospecies, molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) and haplotypes.
Method‐related ambiguity of species (MOTUs) estimates, which also included subclade inferences, severely affected the certainty of apparent biodiversity patterns at most spatial scales. Even more contrasting patterns resulted from individual clade‐wise analyses of faunal similarity or even from cumulated species inventories from individual clade‐wise species delimitation analysis.
In this case study of tropical chafer beetles, haplotypes provided only very little explanatory information, since genetically highly diverse populations widely lacked shared haplotypes. Therefore, searching proper species boundaries should be the ultimate goal of biodiversity assessments to lend an enduring meaning to biodiversity research and its sustainable application.
Our study underlines the need for awareness when synecological observations from different studies are integrated, which use different species delimitation methods for their biodiversity assessment, and its potential impact on conservation management.
Impact of clinical and histopathological characteristics on the disease‐free survival of stage I‐II acral melanoma patients
Authors: Borges de Barros Primo Raquel , Brito Nobre Aretha , Santos Bruna Nathália , Nunes Luiz Fernando , Fernandes Ricardo , Abrão Possik Patricia , Santos Bernardes Sara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcral melanoma is rare and associated with a worse prognosis compared to cutaneous melanoma in other locations. Despite this, few studies have focused on the prognosis of acral melanoma, particularly in patients with initial clinical stage. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of clinical and histopathological characteristics on the disease‐free survival (DFS) of stage I‐II patients.MethodsWe analyzed 154 stage I‐II acral melanoma cases, all of whom underwent a review of the histopathological and clinical parameters. Patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of disease recurrence within 5 years. We used Cox proportional regression to analyze independent risk factors and computed DFS curves using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsWithin 5 years, 27.9% of patients experienced disease recurrence, with 90.4% occurring during the first 3 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses did not identify any clinical parameters with a significant influence on DFS. The DFS rate at 5 years was 72.7%. The median duration of disease recurrence after the initial diagnosis was 21 months. However, Breslow thickness, presence of ulceration, >3 mitosis/mm2, presence of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and perineural invasion were significantly associated with a decrease in time to first recurrence.ConclusionsDespite the favorable prognosis of stage I‐II acral melanoma compared with advance stage, clinical and histopathological characteristics can impact prognosis. In addition to Breslow thickness and ulceration, attention should be paid to mitotic rate, presence of TIL, and perineural invasion to optimize follow‐up of acral melanoma patients diagnosed in the initial clinical stage.