bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observing the Arctic: A comparison of environmental DNA (eDNA) and electrofishing for monitoring Arctic char and Atlantic salmon
Authors: Jacobsen Magnus W. , Nygaard Rasmus , Hansen Brian K. , Broberg Mala , Hansen Michael M. , Hedeholm Rasmus , Nielsen Einar E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current knowledge about fish biodiversity and species distributions in Arctic freshwater systems is generally limited. This contrasts the clear urgency for more accurate biodiversity data to assess the effects of future ecosystem challenges such as climate change and other anthropogenic effects. Here we compare traditional electrofishing surveys with environmental DNA (eDNA) for monitoring species distribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in the West Greenlandic sub‐Arctic river system of Kapisillit, which contains the only known population of Atlantic salmon in Greenland. Overall, electrofishing and eDNA surveys show high compatibility in regard to species detection and quantification, with Arctic char confirming a significant relationship between eDNA concentration and observed fish abundance. Both methods confirm a shift in species occurrence and relative species abundance through the river system. Specifically, salmon is restricted to the lower warmer sections of the river system while Arctic char is found throughout the system but dominates the upper parts. In total, the study supports eDNA as a promising tool for fish community assessment, which may serve a wide array of applications for Arctic freshwater monitoring. These applications include analyzing species occurrence and distribution of native and invasive species, as well as documenting potential shifts in relative species abundance as shown here. Given the ease of sampling and high sensitivity of the method, eDNA provides a powerful cost‐effective approach capable of detecting species in remote areas as well as corroborating fish community monitoring programs. This may especially be valuable for monitoring in the Arctic where logistic complications with sampling and high operational costs so far constrains routine monitoring.
Association of physical activity with overall mortality among long‐term testicular cancer survivors: A longitudinal study
Authors: Thorsen Lene , Courneya Kerry S. , Steene‐Johannessen Jostein , Gran Jon Michael , Haugnes Hege S. , Negaard Helene F. S. , Kiserud Cecilie E. , Fosså Sophie D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) has been associated with reduced mortality among cancer survivors, but no study has focused on testicular cancer survivors (TCSs). We aimed to investigate the association of PA measured twice during survivorship with overall mortality in TCSs. TCSs treated during 1980 to 1994 participated in a nationwide longitudinal survey between 1998 to 2002 (S1: n = 1392) and 2007 to 2009 (S2: n = 1011). PA was self‐reported by asking for the average hours per week of leisure‐time PA in the past year. Responses were converted into metabolic equivalent task hours/week (MET‐h/wk) and participants were categorized into: Inactives (0 MET‐h/wk), Low‐Actives (2‐6 MET‐h/wk), Actives (10‐18 MET‐h/wk) and High‐Actives (20‐48 MET‐h/wk). Mortality from S1 and S2, respectively, was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards models until the End of Study (December 31, 2020). Mean age at S1 was 45 years (SD 10.2). Nineteen percent (n = 268) of TCSs died between S1 and EoS, with 138 dying after S2. Compared to Inactives at S1, the mortality risk among Actives was 51% lower (HR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29‐0.84) with no further mortality reduction among High‐Actives. At S2, the mortality risk was at least 60% lower among the Actives, High‐Actives and even the Low‐Actives compared to the Inactives. Persistent Actives (≥10 MET‐h/wk at S1 and S2) had a 51% lower mortality risk compared to Persistent Inactives (<10 MET‐h/wk at S1 and S2; HR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.30‐0.82). During long‐term survivorship after TC treatment, regular and maintained PA were associated with an overall mortality risk reduction of at least 50%.
Preptin Deficiency Does Not Protect against High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Metabolic Dysfunction or Bone Loss in Mice
Authors: Buckels Emma J. , Tan Joey , Hsu Huai‐Ling , Zhu Yuting , Buchanan Christina M. , Matthews Brya G. , Lee Kate L. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTPreptin is derived from the cleavage of the E‐peptide of pro‐insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐II and is an insulin secretagogue. Observational studies have linked elevated circulating preptin to metabolic dysfunction in humans; however, a causal role for preptin in metabolic dysfunction has not been established. Additionally, preptin can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, suggesting a link with skeletal health. We previously described a global preptin knockout (KO) model. In this study, we sought to uncover the impact of preptin KO in mice on the response to a moderately high‐fat diet (HFD) and low‐fat diet (LFD). HFD groups had higher weight and fat mass gain, lower trabecular and cortical bone volume and fracture load, and higher liver triglycerides. In males, preptin deficiency led to lower blood glucose than wild‐type (WT) mice under LFD conditions. This was accompanied by differences in bone microarchitecture, including lower trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and lower cortical thickness. These differences were absent in female mice, although KO females had a HFD‐driven increase in fat mass and liver triglycerides that was absent in WT mice. Female WT mice had increased glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion under HFD conditions that was absent in female KO mice. Overall, preptin may have a detrimental impact on metabolism and a positive impact on bone health in male mice and may protect against liver fat storage in females while enabling islet compensation under HFD conditions. When we consider that serum preptin levels are elevated in humans of both sexes in pathological states in which insulin levels are elevated, the impact of preptin on comorbidity risk needs to be better understood. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cabozantinib‐induced edema in zebrafish represents an adverse effect characterized by defects in lymphatic vasculature and renal function
Authors: Medishetti Raghavender , C. Mallikarjuna Rao , Chatti Kiranam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a major class of targeted cancer therapy drugs. Overcoming the limitations of approved TKIs and the development of new TKIs continues to be an important need. The adoption of higher throughput and accessible animal models to evaluate TKI adverse effects will help in this regard. We exposed zebrafish larvae to a set of 22 Food and Drug Administration‐approved TKIs and assessed mortality, early developmental abnormalities, and gross morphological abnormalities posthatching. We found edema posthatching as a consistent and prominent consequence of VEGFR inhibitors, and of cabozantinib in particular. The edema occurred at concentrations that did not cause lethality or any other abnormality, and was independent of the developmental stage. Further experiments identified loss of blood and lymphatic vasculature, and suppression of renal function in larvae exposed to 10 µM cabozantinib. Molecular analysis showed downregulation of the vasculature marker genes vegfr, prox1a, sox18, and the renal function markers nephrin and podocin as the potential molecular basis for the above defects, implicating them in the mechanism of cabozantinib‐induced edema. Our findings reveal edema as a previously unreported phenotypic effect of cabozantinib and identify the likely mechanistic basis. These findings also highlight the need for studies investigating edema due to vascular and renal dysfunction as a potential clinical adverse effect of cabozantinib, and possibly other VEGFR inhibitors.
Fibroblast‐derived exosomal microRNA regulates NKX3‐1 expression in androgen‐sensitive, androgen receptor‐dependent prostate cancer cells
Authors: Matsuda Chise , Ishii Kenichiro , Nakagawa Yasuhisa , Shirai Taku , Sasaki Takeshi , Hirokawa Yoshifumi S. , Iguchi Kazuhiro , Watanabe Masatoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) targeting androgen production and androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the primary antihormonal therapy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, no clinically established molecular biomarkers have been identified to predict the effectiveness of ADT before starting ADT. The tumor microenvironment of PCa contains fibroblasts that regulate PCa progression by producing multiple soluble factors. We have previously reported that AR‐activating factor‐secreted fibroblasts increase the responsiveness of androgen‐sensitive, AR‐dependent PCa cells to ADT. Thus, we hypothesized that fibroblast‐derived soluble factors may affect cancer cell differentiation by regulating cancer‐related gene expression in PCa cells and that the biochemical characteristics of fibroblasts may be used to predict the effectiveness of ADT. Here, we investigated the effects of normal fibroblasts (PrSC cells) and three PCa patient‐derived fibroblast lines (pcPrF‐M5, ‐M28, and ‐M31 cells) on the expression of cancer‐related genes in androgen‐sensitive, AR‐dependent human PCa cells (LNCaP cells) and three sublines showing different androgen sensitivities and AR dependencies. The mRNA expression of the tumor suppressor gene NKX3‐1 in LNCaP cells and E9 cells (which show low androgen sensitivity and AR dependency) was significantly increased by treatment with conditioned media from PrSC and pcPrF‐M5 cells but not from pcPrF‐M28 and pcPrF‐M31 cells. Notably, no upregulation of NKX3‐1 was observed in F10 cells (AR‐V7‐expressing, AR‐independent cells with low androgen sensitivity) and AIDL cells (androgen‐insensitive, AR‐independent cells). Among 81 common fibroblast‐derived exosomal microRNAs that showed 0.5‐fold lower expression in pcPrF‐M28 and pcPrF‐M31 cells than in PrSC and pcPrF‐M5 cells, miR‐449c‐3p and miR‐3121‐3p were found to target NKX3‐1. In only LNCaP cells, the NKX3‐1 mRNA expression was significantly increased by transfection of an miR‐3121‐3p mimic but not that of the miR‐449c‐3p mimic. Thus, fibroblast‐derived exosomal miR‐3121‐3p may be involved in preventing the oncogenic dedifferentiation of PCa cells by targeting NKX3‐1 in androgen‐sensitive, AR‐dependent PCa cells.
Existence of small ordered orthogonal arrays
Authors: Schmidt Kai‐Uwe , Weiß Charlene 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show that there exist ordered orthogonal arrays, whose sizes deviate from the Rao bound by a factor that is polynomial in the parameters of the ordered orthogonal array. The proof is nonconstructive and based on a probabilistic method due to Kuperberg, Lovett and Peled.
Exercise‐regulated white adipocyte differentitation: An insight into its role and mechanism
Authors: Yan Linjing , Guo Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhite adipocytes play a key role in the regulation of fat mass amount and energy balance. An appropriate level of white adipocyte differentiation is important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Exercise, an important way to improve metabolic health, can regulate white adipocyte differentiation. In this review, the effect of exercise on the differentiation of white adipocytes is summarized. Exercise could regulate adipocyte differentiation in multiple ways, such as exerkines, metabolites, microRNAs, and so on. The potential mechanism underlying the role of exercise in adipocyte differentiation is also reviewed and discussed. In‐depth investigation of the role and mechanism of exercise in white adipocyte differentiation would provide new insights into exercise‐mediated improvement of metabolism and facilitate the application of exercise‐based strategy against obesity.
Identification of common sequence motifs shared exclusively among selectively packed exosomal pathogenic microRNAs during rickettsial infections
Authors: Bei Jiani , Qiu Yuan , Cockrell Diane , Chang Qing , Husseinzadeh Sorosh , Zhou Changcheng , Fang Xiang , Bao Xiaoyong , Jin Yang , Gaitas Angelo , Khanipov Kamil , Saito Tais B. , Gong Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe previously reported that microRNA (miR)23a and miR30b are selectively sorted into exosomes derived from rickettsia‐infected endothelial cells (R‐ECExos). Yet, the mechanism remains unknown. Cases of spotted fever rickettsioses have been increasing, and infections with these bacteria cause life‐threatening diseases by targeting brain and lung tissues. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to further dissect the molecular mechanism underlying R‐ECExos‐induced barrier dysfunction of normal recipient microvascular endothelial cells (MECs), depending on their exosomal RNA cargos. Infected ticks transmit the rickettsiae to human hosts following a bite and injections of the bacteria into the skin. In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment with R‐ECExos, which were derived from spotted fever group R parkeri infected human dermal MECs, induced disruptions of the paracellular adherens junctional protein VE‐cadherin, and breached the paracellular barrier function in recipient pulmonary MECs (PMECs) in an exosomal RNA‐dependent manner. We did not detect different levels of miRs in parent dermal MECs following rickettsial infections. However, we demonstrated that the microvasculopathy‐relevant miR23a‐27a‐24 cluster and miR30b are selectively enriched in R‐ECExos. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that common sequence motifs are shared exclusively among the exosomal, selectively‐enriched miR23a cluster and miR30b at different levels. Taken together, these data warrant further functional identification and characterization of a monopartition, bipartition, or tripartition among ACA, UCA, and CAG motifs that guide recognition of microvasculopathy‐relevant miR23a‐27a‐24 and miR30b, and subsequently results in their selective enrichments in R‐ECExos.
Possibility of alleviating difficulties of health and social care professionals engaged in end‐of‐life care through Clinical Art program
Authors: Kamimoto Minako , Son Daisuke , Inoue Kazuoki , Taniguchi Shin‐ichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealth and social care professionals experience high‐stress levels during end‐of‐life care. Various intervention programs have been proposed to reduce stress and prevent burnout among physicians and nurses, including arts‐based activities that have shown potential. However, it is unclear how art programs can alleviate stress among healthcare professionals providing end‐of‐life care. This study aimed to explore the potential of Clinical Art programs to alleviate distress in professionals providing end‐of‐life care.MethodsTwo Clinical Art workshops, held in October and November 2020, were attended by local health and social care professionals. Focus groups were conducted with those who attended and consented to participate in the study. Verbatim transcripts were made, and a qualitative analysis of the text was conducted.ResultsThirteen health and social work professionals participated in the study. Perceived difficulties in end‐of‐life care included the complexity and uncertainty of end‐of‐life care services, the approaches to patients and families, and the difficulties due to human aspects of healthcare providers. The positive effects of Clinical Art included pure enjoyment of art, empathic communication with patients and families and the application of an ontological view of human beings, which were identified as reasons for Clinical Art's effectiveness and applicability to care.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the Clinical Art program has a psychosocial moderating effect on health and social work professionals and can be used for empathic communication with patients and families in end‐of‐life care and for applying an ontological view of human beings in caring for patients.
Abdominal Diffusion‐Weighted MRI With Simultaneous Multi‐Slice Acquisition: Agreement and Reproducibility of Apparent Diffusion Coefficients Measurements
Authors: Ye Zheng , Yao Shan , Yang Ting , Li Qing , Li Zhenlin , Song Bin 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundSimultaneous multi‐slice diffusion‐weighted imaging (SMS‐DWI) can shorten acquisition time in abdominal imaging.PurposeTo investigate the agreement and reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from abdominal SMS‐DWI acquired with different vendors and different breathing schemes.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty volunteers and 10 patients.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, SMS‐DWI with a diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging sequence.AssessmentSMS‐DWI was acquired using breath‐hold and free‐breathing techniques in scanners from two vendors, yielding four scans in each participant. Average ADC values were measured in the liver, pancreas, spleen, and both kidneys. Non‐normalized ADC and ADCs normalized to the spleen were compared between vendors and breathing schemes.Statistical TestsPaired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed rank test; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); Bland–Altman method; coefficient of variation (CV) analysis; significance level: P < 0.05.ResultsNon‐normalized ADCs from the four SMS‐DWI scans did not differ significantly in the spleen (P = 0.262, 0.330, 0.166, 0.122), right kidney (P = 0.167, 0.538, 0.957, 0.086), and left kidney (P = 0.182, 0.281, 0.504, 0.405), but there were significant differences in the liver and pancreas. For normalized ADCs, there were no significant differences in the liver (P = 0.315, 0.915, 0.198, 0.799), spleen (P = 0.815, 0.689, 0.347, 0.423), pancreas (P = 0.165, 0.336, 0.304, 0.584), right kidney (P = 0.165, 0.336, 0.304, 0.584), and left kidney (P = 0.496, 0.304, 0.443, 0.371). Inter‐reader agreements of non‐normalized ADCs were good to excellent (ICCs ranged from 0.861 to 0.983), and agreement and reproducibility were good to excellent depending on anatomic location (CVs ranged from 3.55% to 13.98%). Overall CVs for abdominal ADCs from the four scans were 6.25%, 7.62%, 7.08, and 7.60%.Data ConclusionThe normalized ADCs from abdominal SMS‐DWI may be comparable between different vendors and breathing schemes, showing good agreement and reproducibility. ADC changes above approximately 8% may potentially be considered as a reliable quantitative biomarker to assess disease or treatment‐related changes.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Non‐invasive assessment of peri‐implant mucosal thickness: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Couso‐Queiruga Emilio , Raabe Clemens , Belser Urs C. , Buser Daniel , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Rodrigues Diogo Moreira , Chappuis Vivianne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of different non‐invasive methods for the assessment of peri‐implant mucosal thickness.MethodsSubjects with two adjacent dental implants in the central maxillary region were included in this study. Three different methods to assess facial mucosal thickness (FMT) were compared: digital file superimposition using Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) and stereolithography (STL) files of the arch of interest (DICOM‐STL), DICOM files alone, and non‐ionizing ultrasound (US). Inter‐rater reliability agreements between different assessment methods were analyzed using inter‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsA total of 50 subjects with 100 bone‐level implants constituted the study population. Assessment of FMT using STL and DICOM files demonstrated excellent inter‐rater reliability agreement. Mean ICC values of 0.97 and 0.95 were observed in the DICOM‐STL and DICOM groups, respectively. Comparison between the DICOM‐STL and US revealed good agreement, with an ICC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74 to 0.88) and a mean difference of –0.13 ± 0.50 mm (–1.13 to 0.86). Comparison between DICOM files alone versus US showed good agreement, with an ICC of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.89) and a mean difference of –0.23 ± 0.46 mm (–1.12 to 0.67). Comparison between DICOM‐STL and DICOM files revealed excellent agreement, with an ICC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.96) and a mean difference of 0.1 ± 0.29 mm (LOA –0.47 to 0.46).ConclusionsQuantification of peri‐implant mucosal thickness via analysis of DICOM‐STL files, DICOM files, or US assessment are comparably reliable and reproducible methods.
Comparison of Ultrasound andCTImaging for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease and Influenza A Pneumonia
Authors: Han Jing , Xue Jun , Ye Xiangyang , Xu Wei , Jin Ronghua , Liu Weiyuan , Meng Sha , Zhang Yuan , Hu Xing , Yang Xi , Li Ruili , Meng Fankun 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThe outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) coincided with the season of influenza A pneumonia, a common respiratory infectious disease. Therefore, this study compared ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of the two diseases.MethodsPatients with COVID‐19 or influenza A infection hospitalized at our hospital were included. The patients were examined by ultrasonography every day. The CT examination results within 1 day before and after the day of the highest ultrasonography score were selected as the controls. The similarities and differences between the ultrasonography and CT results in the two groups were compared.ResultsThere was no difference between the ultrasonography and CT scores (P = .307) for COVID‐19, while there was a difference between ultrasonography and CT scores for influenza A pneumonia (P = .024). The ultrasonography score for COVID‐19 was higher than that for influenza A pneumonia (P = .000), but there was no difference between the CT scores (P = .830). For both diseases, there was no difference in ultrasonography and CT scores between the left and right lungs; there were differences between the CT scores of the upper and middle lobes, as well as between the upper and lower lobes of the lungs; however, there was no difference between the lower and middle lobes of the lungs.ConclusionUltrasonography is equivalent to the gold standard CT for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of COVID‐19. Because of its convenience, ultrasonography has important application value. Furthermore, the diagnostic value of ultrasonography for COVID‐19 is higher than that for influenza A pneumonia.
Design of Intelligent Protective Composite Material with Stress Rate Sensitivity, Strong Interface Adhesion, and Recyclability
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Fan , Chi Hui , Zhang Hao , Huang Xiaona , Wang XinYue , Wang Jiarui , Bai Yungang , Wang Pixin , Xu Kun , Liu Chao , Zhou Chao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPoly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) elastomers play a significant role in smart materials, actuators, and flexible electronics. However, current PDMS lacks adhesion abilities and intelligent responsive properties, which limit its further application. In this study, the polydimethylsiloxane‐ureidopyrimidinone impact hardening polymer (PDMS‐UI) composites are manufactured by a dual cross‐linking compositing tactic. PDMS, a chemically stable cross‐linked network, acts as a framework owing to its excellent mechanical strength, whereas UI, a reversible dynamic physically cross‐linked network with quadruple hydrogen bonding, endows the PDMS‐UI with excellent self‐healing ability (efficiency > 90%) and energy absorption (75.23%). Impressively, owing to multivalent hydrogen bonds, the PDMS‐UI exhibits superior adhesion performance: the adhesion strength on various substrates exceed 150 kPa and that on the Ferrum substrate reaches 570 kPa. These outstanding properties make the PDMS‐UI a potential candidate for application in both well‐developed fields, such as, wearable protective materials, artificial skin and soft robotics.