bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-diagnosed and Re-treated Orofacial Granulomatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Fathima Ahamed Ismail Samu , Thirugnanamurthy Sarumathi , Ravikumar Guruswathy , Mathivanan Kavitha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Orofacial granulomatosis is an uncommon skin condition affecting the face and predominantly the lips, also referred to as cheilitis granulomatosa. We will be discussing a case of a 50-year-old female with a history of swollen lips for the past 3 years who had visited various hospitals and also had undergone multiple diagnostic tests with no conclusive diagnosis and was treated for the possible diagnoses of hemangioma and arterio-venous malformation with ineffective treatment results. Upon careful elicitation of details, we arrived at the diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis and treated her with a combination therapy with resultant rapid regression of the lesion.
Dental Age Estimation in Young Adolescents by Measuring Open Apices: A Forensic Odontology Study with a South Indian Formula
Authors: Nisha V Aarthi , Sadaksharam Jayachandran , Bhaskar Y Hemavathy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Estimating age is becoming more and more important in forensic science and dentistry. Identifying criminals, child labor problems, birth certificates, job openings, illegal immigrants, or a body whose identity is unknown are just some of the situations where estimating age is necessary. This study’s goal is to find out how to figure out a child’s chronological age between the ages of 12 and 14 by looking at panoramic X-rays and measuring how big their open tooth root tips are.

Things Used and Methods:
The left mandibular canine, premolars, and molars from 83 dental panoramic X-rays of patients aged 12 to 14 years were used to study tooth development. The individual tooth-root ratio (A/L) was measured using Sirona software-XG machine (Made by Dentsply Sirona, Germany) in a straight line. An estimated age was made and then matched to the real age.

Results:
A regression equation was used in statistical analysis to guess the age of the people. To figure out the age, 15.9973-8.465(x7) +1.650(x3) was turned into a linear regression model.

Conclusion:
The equation that was found in this study can be used to accurately guess the dental age of young teens in South India.
Measurement of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Levels in Patients Visiting to Dental Hospitals
Authors: Vyshnavi Somana B. , Shanthi M. , Divya V. C , Ganesh C. , Gupta Shreya , Jayavardhan Korukonda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Nowadays, analyzing the amount of carbon monoxide in exhaled air is a commonly used method in population research and useful as a quantitative breathing guide and for verifying claims of not smoking. The primary and most prevalent indoor source of carbon monoxide is cigarette smoke.

Objectives:
To measure exhaled carbon monoxide levels in order to assess individual smoking status.

Materials and Methods:
An instantaneous, noninvasive way to determine smoking status may be offered by measuring carbon monoxide exhaled. A carbon monoxide analyzer or smoke analyzer (md diagnostics ltd, England) is a portable carbon monoxide analyzer and was utilized in this study to examine the exhaled carbon monoxide levels in established smokers and nonsmokers. The carbon monoxide levels exhaled were measured in 126 subjects (42 smokers, 42 smokeless tobacco, 42 nonsmokers) visiting a dental hospital.

Results:
The Mean exhaled carbon monoxide level was 1–6 PPM for nonsmokers, 7–20 PPM for smokers, and 3–18 PPM for smokeless tobacco users.

Conclusion:
The level of carbon monoxide in exhaled air or as blood carboxyhemoglobin yielded higher specificity and sensitivity. To summarize, the exhaled carbon monoxide level offers a quick and simple method for determining a person’s smoking status.
Can Traditional Treatment Modalities Still be a Benchmark for Managing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Authors: Sane Rashmi Vikrant , Sane Vikrant Dilip , Shams-Ul-Nisa  , Nair Vivek Sunil , Bhosale Nishita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disorder with a variable clinical presentation, showing multiple active clinical manifestations, and an alternating course of flares and cutbacks of the disease itself and or treatments received. Here we present a case report of Chronic Cutaneous Lupus erythematosus seen in a 28-year-old male patient at the vermilion border of the lip, chest, and flexor surfaces of arms managed effectively by the traditional treatment modalities like topical and systemic steroids. Modern alternatives like B-cell target therapy, T-cell target therapy, and Immunoregulatory molecule-targeting therapies with the help of Interferon-alpha inhibitors appear to be safe and effective but are still in clinical trials due to some co-morbidities. Follow-up for 1 year showed no signs of recurrence and had a good prognosis.
Antioxidant constituents from the leaves of Piper crassipes Korth ex Miq. growing in Malaysia
Authors: Jane Rezod Ursula , Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh Wan , Ab  Ghani Abubakar Siddiq Salihu Nurunajah , Sungthong Bunleu 
Published: January 2025

The genus Piper, belonging to the Piperaceae family, includes over 2,000 species, many of which are widely recognized for their significant economic and medicinal value. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals isolated from the leaf extract of Piper crassipes. Soxhlet extraction of the dried powdered leaves was employed to extract the phytochemicals using a polarity gradient of hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol. The phytochemicals were obtained using chromatography techniques and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis (IR, NMR, and MS) and comparison with the literature. Furthermore, the isolated phytochemicals were evaluated for their DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The isolation successfully led to the identification of ten phytochemicals: asaricin (1), chavibetol (2), dillapiole (3), β-sitosterol (4), 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (5), 4',5,7-trimethoxyflavone (6), N-(3-phenylpropanoyl)pyrrole (7), chavicol (8), N-isobutyl-(2E,4E,14Z)-eicosatrienamide (9), and 4-allyl resorcinol (10). Among the isolated phytochemicals, compounds (8) and (10) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 189.3 and 195.8 µmol/L, respectively. This study offers important insights into the antioxidant potential of P. crassipes constituents, highlighting further opportunities to explore their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
KEY WORDS: Piperaceae, Piper crassipes, Constituent, Phenylpropanoid, Antioxidant.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 561-570.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.13
Extraction and preconcentration of many metals ions by using CPE technique
Authors: H. Abad Al-Ameer Aseel , Shaalan Naser 
Published: January 2025

Cloud point extraction is a simple, safe, and environmentally friendly technique for preparing many different kinds of samples. In this review, we discussed the CPE method and how to apply it to our environmental sample data. We also spoke about the benefits, problems, and likely developments in CPE. This process received a great deal of attention during preconcentration and extraction. It was used as a disconnection and follow-up improvement system before the natural mixtures (nutrients, polybrominated biphenyl ethers, pesticides, polycyclic sweet-smelling hydrocarbons, polychlorinated compounds, and fragrant amines) and inorganic mixtures were examined and many metals like (silver, lead, cadmium, mercury, and so on). We also find that combining CPE with various methods can yield good results by increasing the sensitivity of analysis and eliminating the effect of interference from the sample background.
KEY WORDS: Cloud point extraction, Preconcentration of metal ions, Surfactant, Medications, Biological matrix.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 409-423.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.2
Micelle-mediated extraction combined with the adsorption onto magnetic nanoparticles for the extraction of crystal violet from wastewater
Authors: El-Rayyes Ali , I. Mortada Wael 
Published: January 2025

This work describes cloud point extraction combined with the adsorption onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for separation and spectrophotometric determination of crystal violet (CV). Briefly, CV molecules were adsorbed on MNPs and transferred into the surfactant-rich phase of Triton X-114. Subsequently, the target analyte was desorbed from MNPs by acidified ethanol and detected spectrophotometrically. The impact of experimental conditions, including pH, electrolyte, amount of Triton X-114 and MNPs, incubation temperature and time, type, and volume of the eluent was investigated. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.5-250.0 µgL-1 of CV. A preconcentration factor of 42.9 was obtained, and the detection limit for CV was 0.5 µgL-1. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) for five replicate analyses of CV (100 µgL-1) were 1.7% and 2.1, respectively. The developed approach was effectively used for quantitative analysis of CV in environmental water samples with accepted recovery (97.0-101.2%). The procedure is accurate, precise, rapid and low-cost.
KEY WORDS: Cloud point extraction, Solid phase extraction, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Crystal violet, Wastewater samples.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 425-435.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.3
Synthesis of and characterization some platinum(IV) complexes derived from substituted imides and evaluation of their biological activity
Authors: L. Khaleel Zina , S. Al-Jawaheri Yassir 
Published: January 2025

This research paper explores preparation of furanoanthracene-12,14-dione (1) via the addition of malic anhydride to anthracene. The resultant compound was treated with urea to form the imide derivative (2). Subsequently (2) was reacted with formaldehyde, leading to the substitution of the nitrogen-bound proton with a hydroxymethyl group, yielding hydroxymethyl pyrroloanthracene (3). In the following step, various substituted anilines were reacted with (3) in the presence of triethylamine through an SN2 reaction to replace the hydroxyl group and producing substituted amino methyl-epipyrroloanthracene derivatives (4-10). Three of these derivatives (4-6) were employed as a ligands to synthesize three complexes square planer platinum(IV). The result of conductivity measurement, magnetic and C.H.N. prove the synthesis of the platinum(IV) complexes. The biological activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against four bacterial strains. Additionally, (4-10) were subjected to molecular docking studies against the target protein Penicillin Binding Protein (PDB ID: 3vsl), with Penicillin G serving as the control.
KEYWORDS: Platinum complexes, Imides, Molecular docking, Biological activity.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 459-472.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.6
Preparation and characterization of a mixed catalyst of cobalt and molybdenum carried on aluminum oxide prepared from bentonite ore
Authors: Salim Jarjees Qaidar , Nazar Abdlaziz Aws , Rafaa Qasim Abbas , Ahmed Hamdoon Ammar 
Published: January 2025

The research aims to select one of the natural ores (bentonite clays) for preparing alumina (Al2O3) and using it as a support material for the catalyst. The components of the ore were studied using modern techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. Then, alumina (aluminum oxide) was prepared from the bentonite ore after a series of chemical treatments were carried out on it in order to remove the components that negatively affect the effectiveness of the catalyst under study. After that, the catalyst consisting of transition elements (cobalt/molybdenum) supported on alumina was prepared and its chemical content was identified and the weight and atomic percentages were determined by measuring energy dispersive X-rays (EDX) and identifying its thermal stability by conducting thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The structure of the prepared catalyst was examined using BET technique and SEM (scanning electron microscope) measurement, in addition to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements to identify the percentages of the minerals composing the catalyst, and then estimate the percentage of these elements in their oxide form.
KEYWORDS: Catalyst, Bentonite, Cobalt, Molybdenum.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 473-482.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.7
Ameliorative effect of vitamin E on copper sulfate-induced liver damage in Wistar rats
Authors: Obayuwana E. , Nweke S.M. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Significant human exposure to heavy metals such as copper sulfate is a major health concern due to its adverse consequences to body tissue. Vitamin E, a potent anti-oxidant is being investigated for its potential to protect against heavy metal toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the role of vitamin E on copper sulfate-induced liver damage.
METHOD: Twenty-five (25) adult Wistar rats weighing between 160g and 220g were divided equally into five groups (A to E). They received 1 ml of distilled water, 200 mg/kg of copper sulfate for 30 days, 200 mg/kg of vitamin E for 30 days, 200 mg/kg of copper sulfate for 30 days followed by 200 mg/kg of vitamin E for 30 days, 200 mg/kg of copper sulfate for 30 days followed by 1 ml of distilled water for 30 days. At the end of the study, blood and liver tissues were collected for analysis of serum Alanine aminotransaminase(ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total protein(TP), Total bilirubin(TB), Conjugated bilirubin(CB), liver Malondialdehyde(MDA), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase(GPx) and histology of the liver.
RESULTS: There was significant increase in in ALT, AST, ALP, TB, CB, liver MDA and a significant decrease in TP, liver SOD, CAT, and GPx in copper sulfate treated rats when compared to control which were reversed with vitamin E treatment. Histological findings showed a reversal of vascular stenosis and inflammation induced by copper sulfate following co-treatment with vitamin E.
CONCLUSION: Vitamin E possesses ant-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against copper-induced liver damage.
Assessment of epidemiological risk factors of humeral fractures using x-ray findings of patients presenting at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria: A 2-year review
Authors: Ujaddughe O.M. , Eseine D.O. , Aimua H.I. , Eseine-Aloja C.E. , Okodaso H.A. , Eseine C.O. , Ebhojaye K.I. , Izunya A.M. , Ujaddughe M.E. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Humeral fractures are among the most common fractures occurring today. In Nigeria, humeral fractures have been reported to account for nearly 3% of all fractures in adults and for about 20% of all fractures in some populations. This is expected to triple in the next three decades. This study aimed to assess the pattern of humeral fractures in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH), Irrua, between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, to provide baseline epidemiological data that can help practitioners prepare for effective treatment and management of humeral fractures.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was a retrospective descriptive study of records of humeral fracture patients who had x-rays done to determine the pattern of humeral fractures while being managed at ISTH, Irrua over the 2 years. All 35 cases that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. The resulting data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and presented in distribution tables.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The result of this study shows that the incidence of humeral fracture was higher in males, while the adult age group (18 to 59 years) was the most affected by humeral fractures (n = 23, 65.70%). Road Transport Accidents were the leading cause of humeral fractures (n = 25, 71.40%) while the midshaft fractures of the humerus were more prevalent. There is a need for those in charge of healthcare planning at ISTH, Irrua to ensure that equipment and manpower needed for the treatment of humeral fractures are readily available and traffic authorities could devise means of reducing the incidence of Road Transport Accidents.
Perceptions of stroke patients attending King Faisal Hospital-Rwanda regarding the effectiveness of the rehabilitation services
Authors: Niyonkuru Felix , Nshimiyimana Joseph , Girizina Divine , Niyitegeka Jean Pierre , Urimubenshi Gerard 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Stroke rehabilitation involves a multidisciplinary approach to restore functional abilities and improve quality of life. This study aimed to explore stroke patients' perceptions of the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions provided at King Faisal Hospital, Rwanda.
METHODS: A qualitative study using in-depth face-to-face interviews was conducted with ten stroke survivors aged 30 to 80 years. Participants shared their experiences of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech and language therapy interventions. The data was analyzed using a qualitative inductive thematic approach with Atlas ti software.
RESULTS: Participants reported significant improvements in physical function and mobility due to physiotherapy services, including increased balance, enhanced muscle strength, and the ability to perform activities such as walking on uneven surfaces and climbing stairs. However, two participants noted limited progress in their affected limbs. Occupational Therapy was reported to lead to improvements in functional performance, self-care activities, and job-related skills. Participants regained abilities such as transferring independently, holding objects, bathing, and dressing. Occupational therapy also enabled some participants to return to work. A minority expressed the need for increased therapy frequency for better outcomes. Speech and Language Therapy improved participants’ communication and interaction skills. Some regained their ability to talk, express themselves, and engage in conversations, although challenges with pronunciation and fluency persisted for a few.
CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation interventions at King Faisal Hospital- Rwanda, are perceived as effective in enhancing physical function, independence in daily activities, and communication skills among stroke survivors. The findings underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and suggest potential benefits of increasing therapy frequency for improved outcomes.
Factors, beliefs, and barriers associated with adherence to secondary prophylaxis amongst children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease at public tertiary hospitals in Rwanda: A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Dushimire Janvier , Habimana Samson , Rusingiza Emmanuel 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease among young people under 25 years. This study aimed to explore the factors, beliefs, and barriers associated with adherence to penicillin among children and adolescents with RHD undergoing secondary prophylaxis at public tertiary hospitals in Rwanda.
METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study included children aged 5 to 18 years diagnosed with RHD and on secondary prophylaxis for at least six months, from two public tertiary hospitals in Rwanda. Regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with adherence.
RESULTS: Employment status was significantly associated with adherence to prophylaxis (OR [95% CI]: 12.17 [1.42-103.9], p=0.022). Living in an urban area also increased the likelihood of adherence compared to rural areas (OR [95% CI]: 9.05 [2.28-35.91], p=0.001). A long distance to the clinic was strongly associated with poor adherence (OR [95% CI]: 5.55 [1.94-15.89], p=0.001). Additionally, long waiting times at the clinic are also significantly associated with poor adherence (OR [95% CI]: 4.77 [1.69-13.43], p=0.003). Patients with good adherence have significantly higher belief scores than those with poor adherence (M ± SE: 1.56 ± 0.54, t=2.878, p=0.005), and patients with higher barrier scores are significantly less adherent than those with lower barrier scores (M ± SE: 4.6 ± 0.85, t=5.531, p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Factors negatively affecting adherence included parental unemployment and rural residence. Long travel distances and extended waiting times at clinics were the most common barriers to adherence. To improve adherence, educational efforts targeting RHD patients and their caregivers should be strengthened, and RHD prevention activities should be decentralized to health centers.
Employee absenteeism at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali in Rwanda, 2020
Authors: Munyaneza Emmanuel , Rusingiza Emmanuel K. , Rugwizangoga Belson , Munyarugerero Marianne , Mukarugema Devotha , Gasasira Jean Damascene , Mbabazi Betty , Twahirwa Timothee S. , Ndibagiza Oswald , Nyundo Martin , Hategekimana Theobald , Nzanira David , Masaisa Florence 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Background: Absenteeism among health workers has become a problematic issue all over the world. This study aimed to determine the rate, cost, types, and factors of employee absenteeism at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK)
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at CHUK, using prospective and retrospective approaches/aspects, and a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire from July 2019 to June 2020. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess individual, institutional, and workplace factors associated with absenteeism among CHUK staff (clinical and administrative)
RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-nine staff (159) completed the study, which gave a response rate of 88.3%. The findings revealed that 337 (38.3%) staff were had absenteeism from 2019 to 2020. The absenteeism rate at CHUK was 3.3%, with the highest absenteeism observed among clinical staff, 82% (278 staff), and the lowest among administrative staff, 17.5 % (59 staff). The average cost per absentee was observed to be 173.4 USD, and the estimated total cost for absenteeism at CHUK was 58 465 USD per year. Key contributing factors included inadequate equipment (72%), high workload (54%), and long commuting distances, with 83% of participants traveling more than 10 km to work. The average cost per absentee was $173.40, translating to an estimated annual financial burden of $58,465. The study also highlighted the role of workplace-related challenges, such as insufficient resources and limited flexibility in work schedules.
CONCLUSION: The study found that CHUK employees' absenteeism rate was 3.3%, with clinical staff being the most affected. Addressing identified factors through improved management practices, employee welfare, and strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) interventions could reduce absenteeism and its financial impact.