bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Basis of Self-Association of IgG-Rheumatoid Factors
Authors: Pope Richard M. , Teller David C. , Mannik Mart 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The intermediate complexes, sedimenting between 19S and 6.6S components of normal serum on analytical ultracentrifugation, were purified from plasma of three patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sequential gel filtration and removal of contaminants by agarose-antibody immunoadsorbents were employed for purification of these complexes. The isolated complexes from the three patients consisted of IgG with κ and λ light chains.
Sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation experiments showed that the isolated complexes underwent concentration-dependent self-association, whereby the smallest detectable molecular species had a molecular weight of 292,000. These IgG dimers were formed by self-association of IgG-rheumatoid factors, since nearly all F(ab′)2 fragments, prepared from the isolated complexes by pepsin digestion, bound to normal IgG. The association constants for the interaction between normal IgG and one binding site of the F(ab′)2 fragments were about 105 liters/mole. Since a cyclic structure with two antigen-antibody bonds was thought to form in the self-association of two IgG-rheumatoid factors, the association constant for dimer formation was calculated to be 1010 liters/mole. The preferential self-association of IgG-rheumatoid factor was supported by the observation that monomeric normal human IgG did not replace the IgG-rheumatoid factor when the complexes were dissociated and reformed in the pressence of excess normal IgG.
The self-association of IgG-rheumatoid factors may be a general phenomenon in rheumatoid arthritis, as suggested by the observations of other investigators.
The Induction and Abolition of Specific Immunosuppression of Heart Allografts in Rats by Use of Donor Blood and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Marquet Richard , Heystek Gerard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Intravenous pretreatment of WAG/Rij rats with BN blood 14 days before transplantation leads to permanent survival of BN heart allografts. Pretreatment with donor blood in the reverse donor-host combination gives rise to accelerated rejection of WAG/Rij hearts. Addition of 100 mg/kg Cy or 50 mg/kg Cy to the pretreatment with donor blood in the WAG/Rij to BN model resulted in permanent graft acceptance, presumably due to the phenomenon of immunologic enhancement. This effect could be observed only if the interval between drug administration and antigen pretreatment was short. The use of Cy had a more profound and long-lasting effect on humoral than on cellular immunity. Addition of 100 mg/kg Cy to the active enhancement protocol in the “easy” BN to WAG/Rij combination produced permanent graft survival in an immunologic setting reminiscent of immunologic tolerance. The combined pretreatment with donor blood and 50 mg/kg Cy in this donor-host combination abolished the operation of immunologic enhancement, which could be induced if donor blood was given alone.
Activation by Some T-Independent Antigens and B Cell Mitogens of the Alternative Pathway of the Complement System
Authors: Bitter-Suermann Dieter , Hadding Ulrich , Schorlemmer Hans-Ulrich , Limbert Michael , Dierich Manfred , Dukor Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A number of T-independent antigens and B cell mitogens were examined for their ability to activate C3 via the alternative pathway of the complement system. Loss of hemolytically active C3, generation of anaphylatoxin activity, and immunoelectrophoretic conversion of C3 and factor B, were checked in normal and C4-deficient guinea pig serum, and, in some cases, in normal human serum. As judged by their activity in these assays, 10 lipopolysaccharides of different origin and constitution, pneumococcus type III polysaccharide, levan, dinitrophenylated aminoethyl-dextran, dinitrophenylated (D-glutamic acid, D-lysin) copolymer, polymerized flagellin, and pokeweed mitogen were all capable of initiating the alternative pathway, but differed with respect to their potency, their relative activity in the presence or absence of C4, and their ability to inhibit C3-turnover at high concentrations. Polyvinylpyrrolidone of intermediate molecular weight (4 × 104 daltons) was only active if the most sensitive assay was used (anaphylatoxin generation). Other species of polyvinylpyrrolidone, depolymerized pneumococcal polysaccharide, aminoethyl-dextran, [D-glutamic acid, D-lysin] copolymer, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A failed to activate C3. C3-consumption by concanavalin A was due to nonspecific binding.
Genetic Control of Susceptibility to Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B Locus of Rats
Authors: Gasser David L. , Palm Joy , Gonatas Nicholas K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Injection of guinea pig spinal cord with complete Freund's adjuvant induces EAE in Lewis (Ag-B1) and DA (Ag-B4) rats, but not in rats of the BN (Ag-B3) strain. When BN is crossed with Lewis, susceptibility is determined by a gene linked to the Ag-B histocompatibility locus, but a much more complex mode of inheritance is involved when BN and DA rats are crossed. Six inbred strains possessing the Ag-B1 histocompatibility allele have been found to be susceptible to EAE. Evidence for recombination between the Ag-B locus and the gene determining susceptibility to EAE has not yet been obtained.
Regulation of Lymphocyte Trapping: The Negative Trap
Authors: Zatz Marion M. , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Suppression of 51Cr-labeled lymphocyte homing to the spleen occurs after administration of insoluble protein antigen and as a late sequela to the graft-vs-host response (GVHr). This decrease in splenic localization of labeled cells, termed “negative trapping,” has elements of immunologic specificity in that tolerance induction or presensitization abrogates the negative trap. Increasing the dose of antigen accelerates the appearance of the negative trap, which is, however, evanescent, lasting from 24 to 48 hr.
Synergistic and antergistic regulation of the GVHr-induced lymphocyte trap is produced by populations of 850 R-irradiated thymocytes and by F1 cortisone-resistant thymocytes. The time at which these subpopulations cause suppression or amplification of the lymphocyte trap correlates with the activity of the GVHr-producing inoculum.
These findings suggest that regulation of lymphocyte traffic may provide a mechanism for control of immune responses in vivo.
The Enhancing Effect of Mitogens on the in Vivo Immune Response of Rabbits
Authors: Romball Carole G. , Weigle William O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of Con A and PHA on the primary humoral immune response in rabbits was investigated and compared with the effect of LPS and irradiation. Both Con A and PHA enhanced PFC levels and precipitating antibody titers to HuIgG when injected simultaneously with AHuIgG. Comparable enhancement of the response to HuIgG was obtained by simultaneous injection of LPS with AHuIgG or by irradiating rabbits (500 R) 24 hr after injection of the antigen. Further studies with Con A showed that its adjuvant effect was not restricted to a particular antigen since it also enhanced antibody responses to both SRBC and Bov Tg when injected simultaneously with either of these antigens. Although optimal enhancement of the response to HuIgG occurred when antigen and mitogen were injected simultaneously, some enhancement was obtained if Con A was injected 2 days after antigen, whereas the response was decreased if Con A was injected 2 days after antigen, whereas the response was decreased if Con A was injected 2 days before antigen. Splenic PFC in A/J mice injected with doses of AHuIgG and Con A equivalent on a body weight basis to those used in rabbits were also enhanced by simultaneous injection of Con A with the antigen.
Distribution of Covalently Bound and Non-Covalently Bound Secretory Component on Subclasses of Rabbit Secretory IgA
Authors: Knight Katherine L. , Vetter Marsha L. , Malek Thomas R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The distribution of non-covalently bound secretory component (SC) on the two subclasses, IgA-f and IgA-g of rabbit secretory IgA (sIgA) was determined; the two subclasses were separated from each other by the use of antibody-immunosorbent columns and were subjected to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No SC appeared to be dissociated from the IgA-f molecules from each of 11 different rabbits; the IgA-g molecules, however, did have SC which was dissociated by SDS. Thus, all of the non-covalently bound SC on rabbit sIgA resides on the IgA-g subclass molecules.
The Protein Nature of the Thy-1.2 Alloantigen as Expressed by the Murine Lymphoblastoid Line S-49.1 TB·2·3
Authors: Kucich Umberto N. , Bennett J. Claude , Johnson Brian J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This preliminary study was undertaken to investigate the chemical nature of the Thy-1.2 antigen expressed on the murine cell line S-49.1 TB·2·3 (S-49). The presence of the Thy-1.2 antigen was indicated by the inhibition of AKR anti-C3-Thy-1.2 serum induced lysis of 51Cr-primed target cells. It was found that limited digestion of S-49 cells with crude papain yielded a Thy-1.2-containing solution. The protein nature of the Thy-1.2 antigen obtained in this manner was indicated by changes after proteolytic digestion. Separate digestions with crystalline papain, insolubilized papain, and insolubilized protease all destroyed the Thy-1.2 activity. These results suggest that the protein moiety is necessary for Thy-1.2 activity.
Immunochemistry of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg): Preparation and Characterization of Antibodies to the Constituent Polypeptides
Authors: Shih J. Wai-Kuo , Gerin John L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The structural polypeptides of HBsAg were shown to be immunogenic in guinea pigs. Purified 22-nm forms of the ad and ay subtypes of HBsAg were solubilized under reducing conditions and electrophoresed in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Individual polypeptides isolated from both HBsAg/ad and HBsAg/ay subtypes were used to hyperimmunize guinea pigs using Freund's complete adjuvant. All antimals produced specific antibodies against native HBsAg as determined by complement fixation, passive hemagglutination, and double-antibody radioimmunoprecipitation assays. Each polypeptide contained within its structure the group-specific HBsAg determinant, a. Equilibrium competitive inhibition studies were conducted to determine the relative affinities of antisera produced against the major HBsAg polypeptides P-1, P-2, and P-6 (23,000, 29,000, and 72,000 daltons, respectively.)
Antigenic Competition Between Two Sequentially Acting Antigens
Authors: Monier J. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study concerns the antigenic competition among heterologous red cells, a T suppressor-dependent phenomenon, in three cases, when the two antigens are administered by various routes, in (a) splenectomized mice or in Nude mice reconstituted with (b) lymph node cells, or spleen cells.
Competition occurs whatever the routes of antigenic introduction, except when the two antigens are injected subcutaneously in the same leg and the anti-SRC plaque-forming cells are counted in the draining lymph nodes. In that case, the first antigen plays the role of adjuvant to the second.
An adjuvant effect is also observed in splenectomized mice when the antigens are introduced intraperitoneally. However, competition does not occur in Nude mice but is present when those animals have been reconstituted either with lymphnode cells or with spleen cells.
Those results play in favor of the presence of T suppressors, both in lymph nodes and in spleen; however, in lymph nodes, the immunosuppressive action induced by the first antigen is exceeded by a concomitant adjuvant effect.
Expression of Mouse Mammary Tumor Viral Polypeptides in Milks and Tissues
Authors: Noon Marian C. , Wolford Ronald G. , Parks Wade P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A 14,000-dalton polypeptide (p14) from RIII murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV) has been isolated by column chromatography in 6 M GuHCl. Antiserum prepared in rabbits specifically precipitated 125I-labeled p14; in double antibody competition, radioimmunoassays performed with limiting amounts of antibody, both purified p14 and disrupted MMTV, competed specifically with labeled antigen. The expression of this MMTV type B virus antigen could be measured by competition radioimmunoassays in milks, mammary glands, tumors, and tissue culture cells. MMTV expression measured by p14 immunoassay correlated well with the spontaneous incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas in different murine strains but not with type C MuLV p30 antigen expression. Levels of MMTV gp52, the major type-B viral glycoprotein, corresponded to p14 levels, suggesting that their control is comparably regulated. Evidence that this low m.w. polypeptide is present in feral and inbred strains of widely differing geographic origin and in MMTV with apparently different biologic properties suggests surprising conservation of MMTV protein homology.
Analysis of Sera from SV40-Immunized and Tumor-Bearing Hosts for Blocking Activity and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Lausch Robert N. , Sofranko John , Prather Suzanne O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of serum factors in tumor immunity to cells transformed by PARA-(defective SV40)-adenovirus 7 was investigated. It was found that sera from SV40-sensitized hosts did not block the specific cytotoxicity of SV40-sensitized spleen cells for PARA-7 cells. However, such sera could collaborate with nonsensitized spleen cells to produce specific killing. This activity could be absorbed out by PARA-7 cells but not by cells transformed by cytomegalovirus.
The activity of sera from hamsters bearing tumor isografts depended upon when, after transplantation, the specimens were obtained. Sera collected ≧ 10 days after grafting completely blocked immune spleen cell cytotoxicity and did not mediate target cell killing in the presence of normal spleen cells. Sera obtained at an earlier time, i.e., 3 to 6 days after transplantation, consistently were active in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity test and exhibited reduced or no blocking of antibody-independent cellular cytotoxicity. Thus, there appears to be an inverse correlation in the capacity of serum from tumor bearing hosts to block effector cell cytotoxicity and mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
Immunogenetic Analysis of H-2 Mutations
Authors: Forman James , Klein Jan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The H-2da haplotype was derived from the H-2d haplotype by a mutation localized to the D end of the H-2 complex. Coculture of H-2d and H-2da spleen cells gives rise to bidirectional MLR. However, the H-2d anti-H-2da response is much stronger than that of H-2da anti-H-2d. Both haplotypes gives rise to reciprocal CML. B10.D2(R103) strain spleen cells, which differ only at the D end of the H-2 complex from the H-2d haplotype, kill H-2da target cells in CML when sensitized to H-2d stimulators and vice versa. Therefore, both the mutant and strain of origin share a D end CML specificity. H-2d and H-2da reject skin grafts in both directions, although some H-2d grafts show prolonged acceptance on H-2da recipients. These data are consistent with a mutation in the D end of the H-2d haplotype resulting in gain-loss of an antigen(s) that gives rise to reciprocal MLR, CML, and skin graft rejection. Further, the mutant can be distinguished from the strain of origin on the basis of the strength of immune response in MLR.
The Identification of HL-A Antigens on Fresh and Cultured Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Gibofsky Allan , Jaffe Eric A. , Fotino Marilena , Becker Carl G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human endothelial cells were obtained from the umbilical cord veins of 16 newborns by methods previously described and tested for HL-A antigens by a microcytotoxicity method. HL-A antigens were present on all endothelial cell lines tested. When the HL-A phenotypes of fresh endothelial cells and autologous fetal lymphocytes were compared, a concordance of 70% was observed. When the HL-A phenotypes of maternal lymphocytes and fresh endothelial cells were compared, a maternal contribution to the endothelial cell phenotype was evident in 72% of the possible common antigens. Some HL-A antigens were deleted from 11 of 16 endothelial cell lines that were re-typed after 2 weeks in tissue culture. The majority (90%) of deleted antigens were from the second HL-A locus. When three lines of endothelials cells were again re-typed after 6 weeks in culture, no further changes in antigenicity were noted. These findings: a) demonstrate that HL-A antigens are present on human endothelium and suggest that endothelial cells are actively involved in establishing the immunogenicity of a graft, and b) demonstrate that the HL-A antigens on human endothelial cells may be modulated by in vitro culture.
Class, Amounts and Affinities of Anti-Dinitrophenyl Antibodies in Chickens
Authors: Yamaga Karen , Benedict Albert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Repeated intravenous injections of maximally coupled dinitrophenylated bovine γ-globulin elicited both 7S and 17S anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies in chickens. Only antibodies of low affinity were produced regardless of the priming dose, the interval between injections, and the number of injections. The 7S and 17S antibodies isolated from individual animals had identical affinities and heterogeneity indices. The concentrations of antibodies formed were uniformly low despite many injections over a prolonged period. These studies indicate that stimulation by antigen alone may not be sufficient for the induction of predominant 7S antibody formation and for the synthesis of high affinity antibody.
Class, Amounts, and Affinities of Anti-Dinitrophenyl Antibodies in Chickens
Authors: Yamaga Karen , Benedict Albert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The response of chickens given a single intramuscular injection of maximally coupled dinitrophenylated-γ-bovine β-globulin in either Freund's complete (FCA) or incomplete (FIA) adjuvants was characterized by an initial synthesis of 7S and 17S antibodies followed by the exclusive and persistent production of 7S antibodies. The 17S antibodies were not detected either 3 to 4 weeks after a single injection or after an intravenous boost 16 months later. Injections of low doses of antigen in FCA induced the synthesis of 7S antibodies of high affinity at least by 4 months. Analyses of the Sips plots generated from equilibrium dialysis data indicated that a shift in the distribution of 7S antibody affinities occurred because of the production of a restricted population of high affinity antibodies. The changes in the binding properties of antibody during the immune response from chickens given antigen in FIA were less apparent, although qualitatively similar, to those found in birds given antigen in FCA. Three possibilities were presented to explain the effect of adjuvant on the class and affinity of the antibody: a) the requirement of a second signal for B cell differentiation, b) the presence of subpopulations of B cells, and c) somatic mutation events.
Transplantation Immunology of the Anterior Chamber of the Eye
Authors: Kaplan Henry J. , Stevens Thomas R. , Streilein J. Wayne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR) expressed as an anterior uveitis was elicited within the anterior chambers of the eyes of F1 hybrid rats by the inoculation of suspensions of allogeneic, parental lymph node cells. This response resembled local GVHRs induced in other sites, except for the failure of refractoriness to appear following resolution of the acute phase. Because lymphoid cells within the anterior chamber have been shown to leave and make an impact on the systemic immunologic apparatus of the recipient, rather than remain isolated within the eye, it was suggested that the vascular route by which these cells disseminate is an important determinant of whether refractoriness will ensue from a local GVHR.
Transplantation Immunology of the Anterior Chamber of the Eye
Authors: Kaplan Henry J. , Streilein J. Wayne , Stevens Thomas R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mechanism by which the anterior chamber of the eye extends immunologic privilege to allogeneic donor tissues has been studied in inbred rats. Inoculation of allogeneic lymphoid cells into the anterior chamber demonstrated that although the site lacks a lymphatic drainage, the afferent limb of the immunologic reflex are is intact because the recipient can recognize and mount a specific immune response. In addition, host immunity was able to express itself within the anterior chamber when induced systemically, indicating that the efferent limb of the reflex arc is also intact. Therefore, it is suggested that the unique immunologic features of the anterior chamber may result from the obligate intravenous presentation of graft antigen to the host's systemic immunologic apparatus, a route that prejudices the host's response in the direction of tolerance and/or enhancement rather than cell-mediated, tissue destructive immunity.
Modulation of HL-A Antigens by Anti-HLA Antiserum: Effects on the Cytotoxicity Assay and Mixed Leukocyte Reaction
Authors: Sadeghee Saeed , Hebert Jacques , Kelley Joan , Abdou Nabih I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) was attempted by treating leukocytes with specific anti-HLA antiserum or by their passage through columns coated with anti-HLA or a double layer of HLA-anti-HLA. The modulated cells were resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the anti-HLA, and they were poor stimulators and good responders to allogeneic cells in the unidirectional mixed leukocyte reaction. Modulated cells regained their HLA 16 hr after modulation if kept in cell suspension alone. The proliferative responses of modulated cells to mitogens were as good as non-modulated cells, indicating that modulation was probably not caused by depletion of lymphoid cells. Supernatants of modulated cells that were incubated over-night or preformed HLA-anti-HLA complexes were capable of suppressing and enhancing the MLR of specific cells depending on the dose used. The similarities of modulation of HLA to other lymphocyte receptors and the limitation of application of the modulation phenomenon to transplantation of allogeneic cells are discussed.
Studies on Lymphokines: The Production of Antibody to Guinea Pig Lymphotoxin and its Use to Distinguish Lymphotoxin from Migration Inhibitory Factor and Mitogenic Factor
Authors: Gately Maurice K. , Gately Celia L. , Henney Christopher S. , Mayer Manfred M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pig lymphotoxin, which was produced by stimulating immune lymph node cells with the specific antigen, ovalbumin, was partially purified by the sequential use of Pevikon block electrophoresis, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The lymphotoxin recovered from the final step was purified approximately 200- to 300-fold as compared to the starting material, but nevertheless contained at least one major contaminant protein. Rabbits were immunized with the partially purified lymphotoxin, and an antiserum capable of neutralizing the cytotoxic effect of lymphotoxin was obtained. The anti-lymphotoxin activity was shown to be due predominantly to IgM immunoglobulin. The antiserum neutralized concanavalin A-induced lymphotoxin with equal efficiency as antigen-induced lymphotoxin. On the other hand, the anti-lymphotoxin serum did not neutralize preformed mitogenic factor or migration inhibitory factor (MIF) which had been produced by antigen-stimulated immune lymph node cells. Thus these activities appear to be due to substances which are antigenically distinct from lymphotoxin. Likewise, anti-lymphotoxin serum, when present in cultures of antigen-stimulated immune lymphoid cells, caused no diminution in the amount of mitogenic factor or MIF which was produced, indicating that it had no direct deleterious effect on the function of the lymphoid cells responsible for producing these lymphokines.