bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth‐weight centile at term and school performance at 12 years of age: linked cohort study
Authors: Burger R. J. , Gordijn S. J. , Mol B. W. , Ganzevoort W. , Ravelli A. C. J. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveBirth weight, fetal growth and placental function influence cognitive development. The gradient of these associations is understudied, especially among those with a birth weight considered appropriate‐for‐gestational age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between birth‐weight centile and intellectual development in term/near‐term infants across the entire birth‐weight spectrum, in order to provide a basis for better understanding of the long‐term implications of fetal growth restriction and reduced placental function.MethodsThis was a population‐based cohort study of 266 440 liveborn singletons from uncomplicated pregnancies, delivered between 36 and 42 weeks of gestation. Perinatal data were obtained from the Dutch Perinatal Registry over the period 2003–2008 and educational data for children aged approximately 12 years were obtained from Statistics Netherlands over the period 2016–2019. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of birth‐weight centile with school performance. The primary outcomes were mean school performance score, on a scale of 501–550, and proportion of children who reached higher secondary school level.ResultsMean school performance score increased gradually with increasing birth‐weight centile, from 533.6 in the 1st–5th birth‐weight‐centile group to 536.8 in the 81st–85th birth‐weight‐centile group. Likewise, the proportion of children at higher secondary school level increased with birth‐weight centile, from 43% to 57%. Compared with the 81st–85th birth‐weight‐centile group, mean school performance score and proportion of children at higher secondary school level were significantly lower in all birth‐weight‐centile groups below the 80th centile, after adjusting for confounding factors.ConclusionsBirth‐weight centile is associated positively with school performance at 12 years of age across the entire birth‐weight spectrum, well beyond the conventional and arbitrary cut‐offs for suspected fetal growth restriction. This underlines the importance of developing better tools to diagnose fetal growth restriction and reduced placental function, and to identify those at risk for associated short‐ and long‐term consequences. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Retrospective investigation of decreasing body temperature trends during anaesthesia in dogs
Authors: Sage Adrianna M. , Bossert Julia L. , Brunstein Kristin A. , Farrow Abigail F. , Perregrino Ali N. , Clark‐Price Stuart C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypothermia during the perianaesthetic period may lead to an increased risk of morbidity in veterinary patients. However, the timeline of the decrease in body temperature during general anaesthesia has been minimally investigated.MethodsAnaesthetic records of 1097 client‐owned dogs were examined. Change in body temperature (ΔBT = baseline temperature – time point temperature) was plotted over time for all dogs. The slope of ΔBT was calculated for each 15‐minute interval, and the magnitude of the largest ΔBT and the time point at which the largest ΔBT occurred were determined for each record.ResultsA rapid decline in ΔBT occurred from 0 to 15 minutes, a slower decline occurred from 15 to 60 minutes and a plateau occurred from 60 to 240 minutes. The largest ΔBT occurred at 75 (15–240) minutes from baseline, with a maximum ΔBT of –2.06°C (–0.06°C to –8.72°C).LimitationsThis is a retrospective study. As such, there were missing data points and potential confounding factors could not be controlled for.ConclusionsAnaesthetised dogs exhibited a distinct pattern of decrease in body temperature, with the most rapid reduction occurring within the first 15 minutes. The effects of procedures and anaesthetic agents on the timeline and pattern of heat loss warrant further investigation.
Streambed migration frequency drives ecology and biogeochemistry across spatial scales
Authors: Risse‐Buhl Ute , Arnon Shai , Bar‐Zeev Edo , Oprei Anna , Packman Aaron I. , Peralta‐Maraver Ignacio , Robertson Anne , Teitelbaum Yoni , Mutz Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe bed of fluvial ecosystems plays a major role in global biogeochemical cycles. All fluvial sediments migrate and although responses of aquatic organisms to such movements have been recorded there is no theoretical framework on how the frequency of sediment movement affects streambed ecology and biogeochemistry. We here developed a theoretical framework describing how the moving‐resting frequencies of fine‐grained sediments constrain streambed communities across spatial scales. Specifically, we suggest that the most drastic impact on benthic and hyporheic communities will exist when ecological and biogeochemical processes are at the same temporal scale as the sediment moving‐resting frequency. Moreover, we propose that the simultaneous occurrence of streambed patches differing in morphodynamics should be considered as an important driver of metacommunity dynamics. We surmise that the frequency of patch transition will add new dimensions to the understanding of biogeochemical cycling and metacommunities from micro‐habitat to segment scales. This theoretical framework is important for fluvial ecosystems with frequent sediment movement, yet it could be applied to any other dynamic habitat.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Distributed Data Streams
Authors: Castenow Jannik , Feldkord Björn , Hanselle Jonas , Knollmann Till , Malatyali Manuel , Meyer auf der Heide Friedhelm 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider a scenario where a server is wirelessly connected to countless sensor nodes that continuously measure data. The task of the server is to monitor the sensors’ data. More precisely, at each time step the server calculates a function defined over the current measurements of the sensors. Since the sensors only have small computational power and tight battery constraints, the communication between the server and the sensors should be as small as possible, i.e., we aim at minimizing the total number of messages that is transferred.There are various conceivable problems for the setting above. We demonstrate our approaches on the following three: In the Top-k-Value Monitoring Problem, the server aims at identifying the k largest values. The Top-k-Position Monitoring Problem shifts the task to identify the sensors observing these values. Finally, the Count Distinct Monitoring Problem obliges the server to determine the number of distinct values currently observed.For all three problems, we not only present communication-efficient protocols for one time step, we also show how it can be exploited if the input at sensors is similar between consecutive time steps to reduce the total communication on the long term. Thereby, we utilize different techniques – involving sampling, dynamic data structures, filter-based approaches, and combinations of them – to demonstrate their potential and their limits in the broad setting described above.
A Custom Hardware Architecture for the Link Assessment Problem
Authors: Chinazzo André , Schryver Christian De , Zweig Katharina , Wehn Norbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous accelerator enhanced computing architectures are a common solution in embedded computing, mainly due to the constraints in energy and power efficiency. Such accelerator enhanced systems dispatch data- and computing-intensive tasks to specialized, optimized and thus efficient hardware units, leaving most control flow tasks for the more generic but less efficient central processing units (CPUs). Nowadays, also high-performance computing (HPC) systems are becoming more heterogeneous by incorporating accelerators into the computing nodes.In this chapter, we introduce the concept of heterogeneous computing and present the design of a hardware accelerator for solving the Link Assessment (LA) problem, in introduced Chapter 3. The hardware accelerator integrates its main dedicated processing units with a customized cache design and light-weight data path. We provide detailed area, energy, and timing results for a 28 nm application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) process and DDR3 memory devices. Compared to an CPU-based cluster, our proposed solution uses 38x less memory and is 1030x more energy efficient for processing a users-movies dataset with half a million edges.
Scalable Cryptography
Authors: Hofheinz Dennis , Kiltz Eike 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn our modern digital society, cryptography is vital to protect the secrecy and integrity of transmitted and stored information. Settings like digital commerce, electronic banking, or simply private email communication already rely on encryption and signature schemes.However, today’s cryptographic schemes do not scale well, and thus are not suited for the increasingly large sets of data they are used on. For instance, the security guarantees currently known for RSA encryption—one of the most commonly used type of public-key encryption scheme—degrade linearly in the number of users and ciphertexts. Hence, larger settings (such as cloud computing, or simply the scenario of encrypting all existing email traffic) may enable new and more efficient attacks. To maintain a reasonable level of security in larger scenarios, RSA keylengths must be chosen significantly larger, and the scheme becomes very inefficient. Besides, a switch in RSA keylengths requires an update of the whole public key infrastructure, an impossibility in truly large scenarios. Even worse, when the scenario grows beyond an initially anticipated size, we may lose all security guarantees.This problematic is the motivation for our project “Scalable Cryptography”, which aims at offering a toolbox of cryptographic schemes that are suitable for huge sets of data. In this overview, we summarize the approach, and the main findings of our project. We give a number of settings in which it is possible to indeed provide scalable cryptographic building blocks. For instance, we survey our work on the construction of scalable public-key encryption schemes (a central cryptographic building block that helps secure communication), but also briefly mention other settings such as “reconfigurable cryptography”. We also provide first results on scalable quantum-resistant cryptography, i.e., scalable cryptographic schemes that remain secure even in the presence of a quantum computer.
Root of unity asymptotics for Schur indices of 4d Lagrangian theories
Authors: Eleftheriou Giorgos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Schur index of a 4 dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theory counts (with sign) bosonic and fermionic states that preserve 4 supercharges. We consider the Schur indices of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 circular quiver gauge theories with gauge groups U(N) or SU(N). We calculate the exponentially dominant part of their asymptotic expansions as the index parameter q approaches any root of unity. We find that some of the indices exhibit “small” ($$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(N0) as N → ∞) exponential growth, which is much smaller than an $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(N2) exponential growth of states that is indicative of a black hole. This implies that the indices do not capture a growth of states that would correspond to a supersymmetric black hole that preserves 4 supercharges in the holographic dual AdS theory. Interestingly, the exponentially dominant part in the Schur asymptotics we consider, depends on the parity of the rank N.
Opposing USP19 splice variants in TGF-β signaling and TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Jing , van Dinther Maarten , Thorikay Midory , Gourabi Babak Mousavi , Kruithof Boudewijn P. T. , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUbiquitin-specific protease (USP)19 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates the stability and function of multiple proteins, thereby controlling various biological responses. The alternative splicing of USP19 results in the expression of two major encoded variants that are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (USP19-ER) and cytoplasm (USP19-CY). The importance of alternative splicing for the function of USP19 remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that USP19-CY promotes TGF-β signaling by directly interacting with TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) and protecting it from degradation at the plasma membrane. In contrast, USP19-ER binds to and sequesters TβRI in the ER. By decreasing cell surface TβRI levels, USP19-ER inhibits TGF-β/SMAD signaling in a deubiquitination-independent manner. Moreover, USP19-ER inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas USP19-CY enhances EMT, as well as the migration and extravasation of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, USP19-CY expression is correlated with poor prognosis and is higher in breast cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Notably, the splicing modulator herboxidiene inhibits USP19-CY, increases USP19-ER expression and suppresses breast cancer cell migration. Targeting USP19 splicing or its deubiquitinating activity may have potential therapeutic effects on breast cancer.
Schutz der Rechte und Freiheiten von Personen bei der Datenverarbeitung im Gesundheitsbereich: Der Risikoansatz der EU-Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DGSVO)
Authors: Molnár-Gábor Fruzsina 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Zusammenführung von sensiblen Daten und die Rückführung ihrer Analyseergebnisse zu den betroffenen Personen ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Datenverarbeitung im Gesundheitsbereich. Dies stellt eine besondere Herausforderung für den Datenschutz und damit für dessen wahren Zweck, den Schutz der Betroffenen, dar. Der Grund ist, dass die wissenschaftlichen und gesundheitlichen Erkenntnisse oft auf bestimmten Merkmalen in den Datensätzen fußen, die in ihrer Eigenschaft als personenbezogen beibehalten werden sollten, um die Ergebnisse der Datenanalyse fruchtbar werden zu lassen. Die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) der Europäischen Union (EU) legt einen risikobasierten Ansatz fest, der sowohl die Frage des Personenbezugs von Daten als auch die Verhältnismäßigkeit ihrer Verarbeitung bestimmt.In diesem Beitrag wird analysiert, wie der risikobasierte Ansatz den Anwendungsbereich der DSGVO eröffnet und mit den Risiken für die Rechte und Freiheiten der betroffenen Personen in Verbindung steht, die durch die Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten entstehen. Darüber hinaus wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit der risikobasierte Ansatz der DSGVO die Regeln für den internationalen Datentransfer beeinflusst, und erklärt, wie die internationale Datenverarbeitung im Gesundheitssektor auf seiner Grundlage zurzeit organisiert wird.Insgesamt gibt die vorliegende Analyse Aufschluss darüber, wie die technischen Maßnahmen der Datenverarbeitung und die organisatorischen Maßnahmen zu deren Handhabung dazu beitragen können, die Verhältnismäßigkeit der Datenverarbeitung nach der DSGVO zu wahren, die im Wesentlichen als risikobasiert bestimmt werden kann, um zugleich der Spezifität der Datenverarbeitung im Gesundheitsbereich Rechnung zu tragen.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Ethik im Gesundheitswesen – Spagat oder Symbiose?
Authors: Küster Dennis , Schultz Tanja 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) gewinnt auch im Gesundheitswesen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Diese Entwicklung löst ernst zu nehmende Sorgen aus, die sich anhand von sechs großen „Worst-Case-Szenarien“ zusammenfassen lassen. Von einer KI-basierten Verbreitung von Desinformationen und Propaganda über einen möglichen militärischen Wettlauf zwischen den Großmächten bis hin zu einer möglichen Herrschaft der Algorithmen („Algokratie“) auf Basis einer voreingenommenen Torwächterintelligenz: Die realen Gefahren einer unkontrollierten weiteren Entwicklung von KI sind insbesondere im Gesundheitsbereich keinesfalls zu unterschätzen. Allerdings könnte der Menschheit aus Angst vor KI jedoch die Möglichkeit entgehen, die Entwicklung unserer Gesellschaft gemeinsam mit uns freundlich gesinnter KI positiv zu gestalten.Anwendungsfälle im Gesundheitswesen spielen in diesem Diskussionsbeitrag eine vorrangige Rolle, da hier sowohl die Risiken als auch die Chancen neuer KI-basierter Systeme besonders deutlich werden. Dürfen z. B. ältere Menschen mit Demenz (MmD) Teile ihrer Autonomie KI-basierten Assistenzsystemen anvertrauen, damit sie andere Aspekte ihres Alltagslebens weiterhin selbstständig meistern können? In diesem Beitrag argumentieren wir, dass sich der Spagat zwischen Ethik und KI sowie den Gefahren und Chancen von KI im Gesundheitswesen zumindest teilweise durch einen langfristig angelegten ethischen Ansatz in Richtung einer Symbiose zwischen Mensch und KI überwinden lässt. Wir illustrieren diesen Ansatz beispielhaft anhand unseres „I-CARE“-Systems, eines KI-basierten Empfehlungssystems zur tertiären Prävention von Demenz. Dieses System wurde seit 2015 im gleichnamigen Projekt „I-CARE“ an der Universität Bremen entwickelt und wird dort bis heute erforscht..
An Analysis of Hydromorphological Index for Rivers (HIR) Model Components, Based on a Hydromorphological Assessment of Watercourses in the Central European Plain
Authors: Garbowski Tomasz , Brysiewicz Adam , Nosek Justyna , Bar-Michalczyk Dominika , Czerniejewski Przemysław 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAssessing the hydromorphological conditions of watercourses is a requirement of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and national river status monitors (e.g., in Poland,the State Environmental Monitoring, and Water Monitoring coordinated by Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection). This paper evaluates the hydromorphological status of 10 watercourses (30 measurement sections) in Poland based on the multimetric Hydromorphological Index for Rivers (HIR). A new approach to the delineation of the river valley (small watercourses) is proposed. An analysis of the influence of river valley management on the value of HIR and its components was carried out using statistical methods (basic statistics, Mann–Whitney U Test and Ward’s cluster analysis). In addition, the relationship between the components of the HDS (Hydromorphological Diversity Score) and HMS (Hydromorphological Modification Score) was analyzed (Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient). HIR values for the watercourse sections ranged from 0.553 to 0.825. HDS values ranged from 27.5 to 75.5 and HMS from 2.0 to 17.5. The results of the basic statistical analyses showed slight differences between the two river valley delineation methods. The Mann–Whitney U Test showed a significant difference in the test significance level of the HDS, HMS and HIR for the river valley delineation methods. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that most of the HDS and HMS parameters components had a low degree of correlation. The juxtaposition of the two methods for delineating a river valley and its influence on the HIR allows for a better understanding of the interdependence between its parameters.
Robustness of precipitation Emergent Constraints in CMIP6 models
Authors: Ferguglia Olivia , von Hardenberg Jost , Palazzi Elisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn Emergent Constraint (EC) is a physically-explainable relationship between model simulations of a past climate variable (predictor) and projections of a future climate variable (predictand). If a significant correlation exists between the predictand and the predictor, observations of the latter can be used to constrain model projections of the former and to narrow their uncertainties. In the present study, the EC technique has been applied to the analysis of precipitation, one of the variables most affected by model uncertainties and still insufficiently analysed in the context of ECs, particularly for the recent CMIP6 model ensemble. The main challenge in determining an EC is establishing if the relationship found is physically meaningful and robust to the composition of the model ensemble. Four precipitation ECs already documented in the literature and so far tested only with CMIP3/CMIP5, three of them involving the analysis of extreme precipitation, have been reconsidered in this paper. Their existence and robustness are evaluated using different subsets of CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, verifying if the EC is still present in the most recent ensemble and assessing its sensitivity to the detailed ensemble composition. Most ECs considered do not pass this test: we found one EC not to be robust in both CMIP5 and CMIP6, other two exist and are robust in CMIP5 but not in CMIP6, and only one is verified and is robust in both model ensembles.
Exploring the limits of the Jenkinson–Collison weather types classification scheme: a global assessment based on various reanalyses
Authors: Fernández-Granja Juan A. , Brands Swen , Bedia Joaquín , Casanueva Ana , Fernández Jesús 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Jenkinson–Collison weather typing scheme (JC-WT) is an automated method used to classify regional sea-level pressure into a reduced number of typical recurrent patterns. Originally developed for the British Isles in the early 1970’s on the basis of expert knowledge, the method since then has seen many applications. Encouraged by the premise that the JC-WT approach can in principle be applied to any mid-to-high latitude region, the present study explores its global extra-tropical applicability, including the Southern Hemisphere. To this aim, JC-WT is applied at each grid-box of a global 2.5$$^{\circ }$$

∘

regular grid excluding the inner tropics (± 5$$^{\circ }$$

∘

band). Thereby, 6-hourly JC-WT catalogues are obtained for 5 distinct reanalyses, covering the period 1979–2005, which are then applied to explore (1) the limits of method applicability and (2) observational uncertainties inherent to the reanalysis datasets. Using evaluation criteria, such as the diversity of occurring circulation types and the frequency of unclassified situations, we extract empirically derived applicability thresholds which suggest that JC-WT can be generally used anywhere polewards of 23.5$$^{\circ }$$

∘

, with some exceptions. Seasonal fluctuations compromise this finding along the equatorward limits of the domain. Furthermore, unreliable reanalysis sea-level pressure estimates in elevated areas with complex orography (such as the Tibetan Plateau, the Andes, Greenland and Antarctica) prevent the application of the method in these regions. In some other regions, the JC-WT classifications obtained from the distinct reanalyses substantially differ from each other, which may bring additional uncertainties when the method is used in model evaluation experiments.