bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of metrics to assess antibiotic use in small ruminants at a university referral clinic between 2005 and 2019
Authors: Firth Clair L. , Keppelmüller Hanna , Käsbohrer Annemarie , Hund Alexandra , Wittek Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring antibiotic use is essential to provide a framework enabling veterinarians to use antibiotics prudently.MethodsElectronic medical records from the University of Veterinary Medicine's Clinic for Ruminants in Vienna were analysed with respect to sheep and goat antibiotic doses administered over a 15‐year period (2005–2019). Antibiotic use was assessed using total milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), total milligrams, number of doses administered, defined daily doses (DDD) for cattle and estimated DDD for sheep.ResultsA total of 5113 antibiotic doses were recorded over the 15‐year period. Urinary tract disorders required the highest number of doses administered per animal (mean 16.9; median 16.0). Antibiotic use patterns varied according to the metrics used for analysis. By mg/kg, the largest proportion of antibiotics administered were penicillin/streptomycin (43.0% of the total mg/kg), followed by tetracyclines (17.3%) and sulphonamide/trimethoprim combinations (15.2%). By number of doses administered, the most frequently used antibiotics were penicillins (excluding combinations with streptomycin) (33.9% of total number of doses administered), fluoroquinolones (25.1%), third/fourth‐generation cephalosporins (13.6%) and penicillin/streptomycin (13.4%).LimitationsAs the university clinic was a city‐based referral centre, this analysis cannot be compared directly with antibiotic use in commercial herds or flocks.ConclusionsThe considered choice of antibiotic use metrics is essential for an effective and meaningful analysis of the responsible use of antibiotics by veterinarians in practice.
Commutative families in W∞, integrable many-body systems and hypergeometric τ-functions
Authors: Mironov A. , Mishnyakov V. , Morozov A. , Popolitov A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We explain that the set of new integrable systems, generalizing the Calogero family and implied by the study of WLZZ models, which was described in arXiv:2303.05273, is only the tip of the iceberg. We provide its wide generalization and explain that it is related to commutative subalgebras (Hamiltonians) of the W1+∞ algebra. We construct many such subalgebras and explain how they look in various representations. We start from the even simpler w∞ contraction, then proceed to the one-body representation in terms of differential operators on a circle, further generalizing to matrices and in their eigenvalues, in finally to the bosonic representation in terms of time-variables. Moreover, we explain that some of the subalgebras survive the β-deformation, an intermediate step from W1+∞ to the affine Yangian. The very explicit formulas for the corresponding Hamiltonians in these cases are provided. Integrable many-body systems generalizing the rational Calogero model arise in the representation in terms of eigenvalues. Each element of W1+∞ algebra gives rise to KP/Toda τ-functions. The hidden symmetry given by the families of commuting Hamiltonians is in charge of the special, (skew) hypergeometric τ-functions among these.
HS–SPME–GC–MS profiling and sensory analyses of juices from red-fleshed ‘Weirouge’ apples made with innovative and conventional dejuicing systems
Authors: Wagner Annette , Irmler Jan , Nagypál Jelena , Bach Peter , Ludwig Michael , Will Frank , Schweiggert Ralf , Steingass Christof Björn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVolatiles, descriptive sensory profiles as well as consumer acceptance and preference of juices from red-fleshed ‘Weirouge’ apples produced in 2019 and 2020 with three different dejuicing systems were assessed. HS–SPME–GC–MS analyses revealed differences in the profiles of volatiles in juices processed in an oxygen-reduced atmosphere with an innovative spiral filter press as compared to those obtained using conventional systems, i.e., horizontal filter press and decanter. A total of 49 volatiles was tentatively assigned and permitted a clustering of the samples according to vintage and processing technology by multivariate statistics. Tentative markers to differentiate the individual samples were deduced from the multivariate models. In both years, each three 1,3-dioxanes and C6 alcohols were revealed as discriminative markers of horizontal filter pressed juices. Descriptive sensory analysis by trained panelists revealed higher intensity scores of ‘oxidized’ and ‘apple-like’ orthonasal odors in juices produced by horizontal filter press and decanter as compared to those obtained by spiral filter press. The visual appearance of the spiral filter pressed juices was significantly higher rated compared to those obtained by conventional pressing systems as revealed by an untrained consumer panel (n = 65). In contrast, both odor and taste were lower rated, ultimately resulting in a clear-cut higher acceptance and preference of the decanter-made juices, followed by those obtained by horizontal and spiral filter press.
Pathophysiology of primary hypertension in children and adolescents
Authors: Litwin Mieczysław 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe progress in research on the physiology of the cardiovascular system made in the last 100 years allowed for the development of the pathogenesis not only of secondary forms of hypertension but also of primary hypertension. The main determinants of blood pressure are described by the relationship between stroke volume, heart rate, peripheral resistance, and arterial stiffness. The theories developed by Guyton and Folkow describe the importance of the volume factor and total peripheral resistance. However, none of them fully presents the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. The multifactorial model of primary hypertension pathogenesis developed by Irving Page in the 1940s, called Page's mosaic, covers most of the pathophysiological phenomena observed in essential hypertension. The most important pathophysiological phenomena included in Page's mosaic form a network of interconnected “nodes”. New discoveries both from experimental and clinical studies made in recent decades have allowed the original Page mosaic to be modified and the addition of new pathophysiological nodes. Most of the clinical studies confirming the validity of the multifactorial pathogenesis of primary hypertension concern adults. However, hypertension develops in childhood and is even perinatally programmed. Therefore, the next nodes in Page’s mosaic should be age and perinatal factors. This article presents data from pediatric clinical trials describing the most important pathophysiological processes associated with the development of essential hypertension in children and adolescents.
Evaluation of electronic patient–reported outcome assessment in inpatient cancer care: a feasibility study
Authors: Salm Hanna , Hentschel Leopold , Eichler Martin , Pink Daniel , Fuhrmann Stephan , Kramer Michael , Reichardt Peter , Schuler Markus K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are increasingly important in evaluating medical care. The increased integration of technology within the healthcare systems allows for collection of PROs electronically. The objectives of this study were to Ashley et al. J Med Internet Res (2013) implement an electronic assessment of PROs in inpatient cancer care and test its feasibility for patients and Dawson et al. BMJ (2010) determine the equivalence of the paper and electronic assessment.

Methods
We analyzed two arms from a study that was originally designed to be an interventional, three-arm, and multicenter inpatient trial. A self-administered questionnaire based on validated PRO-measures was applied and completed at admission, 1 week after, and at discharge. For this analysis — focusing on feasibility of the electronic assessment — the following groups will be considered: Group A (intervention arm) received a tablet version, while group B (control arm) completed the questionnaire on paper. A feasibility questionnaire, that was adapted from Ashley et al. J Med Internet Res (2013), was administered to group A.

Results
We analyzed 103 patients that were recruited in oncology wards. ePRO was feasible to most patients, with 84% preferring the electronic over paper-based assessment. The feasibility questionnaire contained questions that were answered on a scale ranging from “1” (illustrating non achievement) to “5” (illustrating achieving goal). The majority (mean 4.24, SD .99) reported no difficulties handling the electronic tool and found it relatively easy finding time for filling out the questionnaire (mean 4.15, SD 1.05). There were no significant differences between the paper and the electronic assessment regarding the PROs.

Conclusion
Results indicate that electronic PRO assessment in inpatient cancer care is feasible.
Bacterial contamination potential of personal protective equipment itself in dental aerosol-producing treatments
Authors: Gund Madline Priska , Naim Jusef , Rupf Stefan , Gärtner Barbara , Hannig Matthias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPersonal protective equipment (PPE) has long been a high priority in dental aerosol-producing treatments. Since COVID-19 pandemic, its importance has increased yet again. While importance of PPE in preventing transmission and thus possible infection of pathogens is well known, contamination potential of PPE after treatment itself is less investigated. This review aims to give an overview of the current literature and contamination potential (viral, blood, bacterial) of components of protective equipment itself. The literature search was performed using the Medline database; furthermore, a hand search was conducted. Last search took place on 23 November 2022. Two categories of hygiene-related keywords were formed (category A: mask, face shield, goggles, eyewear, personal protective equipment; category B: contamination, aerosol). Each keyword from one category was combined with all keywords from the other one. In addition, the keyword “dental” was always added. First, a title and abstract screening was performed. Afterward, a full-text analysis was followed for the included studies. A total of 648 search hits were found in the Medline database. 47 were included after title and abstract screening. 22 studies were excluded after full-text analysis, 25 studies were included. The hand search resulted in 4 studies that were included. Bacterial contamination of PPE after treatment has been adequately studied, contamination with blood less. Microorganisms mainly originate from the oral and cutaneous flora; however, a transmission of potential pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli was also described. Studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. No measures have yet been described that fully protect the protective equipment from contamination. There is growing awareness that PPE itself can be a source of pathogen transmission, and thus possible infection. Therefore, not only wearing of protective clothing, but also conscious handling of it is crucial for transmission and possible infection prevention. However, studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. Several studies have investigated what measures can be taken to protect the protective equipment itself. So far, none of the methods evaluated can prevent contamination of PPE.
The role of pharmacists in supporting service users to optimise antipsychotic medication
Authors: Howe Jo , Lindsey Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPharmacists have a contribution to make in improving optimising medication use for people on antipsychotic medication. The rates of prescribing antipsychotics have increased in England with an 18% rise from 2015 to 2020. People on antipsychotic medication are not treated as equal partners in conversations about their medications. This can leave people to make decisions about their antipsychotic medications without input from their prescribers which can have significant consequences for individuals. Involving people in the decision-making process, as experts on their own condition, has the potential to improve treatment outcomes. The evidence suggests that involving pharmacists in supporting people with serious mental illnesses will lead to improved clinical outcomes. Key areas for pharmacist involvement are providing information, education and counselling on antipsychotic medication and the side effects and reducing polypharmacy especially when antipsychotics are prescribed off license.
Insight on the deterioration of cultural objects: a multi-analytical approach to characterize degradation products of lead weights from a Steinway & sons piano
Authors: Faggiano Antonio , Pironti Concetta , Motta Oriana , Miele Ylenia , Fiorentino Antonino , Marchettini Nadia , Ricciardi Maria , Proto Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe identification of the degradation products in objects of cultural significance, including musical instruments (e.g., a piano), is a key issue for the preservation and valorisation processes of cultural heritage. The aim of this study is to characterize the degradation products of lead weights from an important Steinway & sons piano using a multi-analytical approach that includes ionic chromatography (IC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses. These techniques allowed us to identify hydrocerussite as the main degradation product on the superficial layer of lead weights, followed by lead acetate and formate. Moreover, accelerated corrosion experiments in closed environments were performed under acetic and formic acid atmospheres to evaluate the development of lead acetate and formate over time. Exposure of lead weights to formic and acetic acid vapours leads to the prevalent formation of basic lead formate, which promotes the formation of hydrocerussite. These results can help to limit the degradation of these piano components and consequently preserve the sound of the piano itself.
Regulating Movement in Pandemic Times
Authors: Jefferies R. , Barratt T. , Huang C. , Bashford A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs COVID-19 and its variants spread across Australia at differing paces and intensity, the country’s response to the risk of infection and contagion revealed an intensification of bordering practices as a form of risk mitigation with disparate impacts on different segments of the Australian community. Australia’s international border was closed for both inbound and outbound travel, with few exceptions, while states and territories, Indigenous communities, and local government areas were subject to a patchwork of varying restrictions. By focusing on borders at various levels, our research traces how the logics of medico-legal bordering have filtered down from the international to the intra-national, and indeed, into hyper-local spaces. This is not just apparent in the COVID-19 moment but in previous pandemics of 1918 to 1919 influenza and smallpox, in which practices of quarantine and lockdowns were both unevenly distributed and implemented on multiple scales of social organization. An interdisciplinary approach between history and law reveals that human movement during pandemic times in Australia has been regulated in a manner that sees mobility as a risk to public health capable of mitigation through the strict enforcement of borders as a technology of both confinement and exclusion.
The effect of vitamin D treatment on quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Ersoy Sedef , Kesiktas Fatma Nur , Sirin Busra , Bugdayci Derya , Paker Nurdan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread pain accompanied by fatigue, disrupted sleep quality, cognitive impairments, subjective soft tissue swelling, and somatic symptoms. There are conflicting results in the literature regarding the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in fibromyalgia patients and the reduction of symptoms after supplementation.

Aims
Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of vitamin D supplementation in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia.

Methods
In our cross-sectional clinical study, 180 female patients aged 18 to 65 diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology Diagnostic Criteria were included. Oral vitamin D3 replacement of 50,000 IU was administered for 12 weeks. Patients' Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ)and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were evaluated before and after the study.

Results
Significant differences were observed in the FIQ scores of the 180 fibromyalgia patients before and after vitamin D supplementation (p < 0.05). There was also a significant improvement in VAS scores (p < 0.01). A negative correlation between vitamin D and VAS as well as FIQ scores was found in the study.

Conclusion
We determined that vitamin D deficiency is significantly more prevalent in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Vitamin D supplementation was observed to have a positive effect on quality of life and reduction of pain.
Precision Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction: the Promise of High-Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Hong Brian V. , Agus Joanne K. , Tang Xinyu , Zheng Jack Jingyuan , Romo Eduardo Z. , Lei Susan , Zivkovic Angela M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Emerging evidence supports the promise of precision nutritional approaches for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Here, we discuss current findings from precision nutrition trials and studies reporting substantial inter-individual variability in responses to diets and dietary components relevant to CVD outcomes. We highlight examples where early precision nutrition research already points to actionable intervention targets tailored to an individual’s biology and lifestyle. Finally, we make the case for high-density lipoproteins (HDL) as a compelling next generation target for precision nutrition aimed at CVD prevention. HDL possesses complex structural features including diverse protein components, lipids, size distribution, extensive glycosylation, and interacts with the gut microbiome, all of which influence HDL’s anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cholesterol efflux properties. Elucidating the nuances of HDL structure and function at an individual level may unlock personalized dietary and lifestyle strategies to optimize HDL-mediated atheroprotection and reduce CVD risk.

Recent Findings
Recent human studies have demonstrated that HDL particles are key players in the reduction of CVD risk. Our review highlights the role of HDL and the importance of personalized therapeutic approaches to improve their potential for reducing CVD risk. Factors such as diet, genetics, glycosylation, and gut microbiome interactions can modulate HDL structure and function at the individual level. We emphasize that fractionating HDL into size-based subclasses and measuring particle concentration are necessary to understand HDL biology and for developing the next generation of diagnostics and biomarkers. These discoveries underscore the need to move beyond a one-size-fits-all approach to HDL management. Precision nutrition strategies that account for personalized metabolic, genetic, and lifestyle data hold promise for optimizing HDL therapies and function to mitigate CVD risk more potently.

Summary
While human studies show HDL play a key role in reducing CVD risk, recent findings indicate that factors such as diet, genetics, glycosylation, and gut microbes modulate HDL function at the individual level, underscoring the need for precision nutrition strategies that account for personalized variability to optimize HDL’s potential for mitigating CVD risk.
Instagram use and negative and positive body image: the relationship with following accounts and content and filter use among female students
Authors: Mancin Paolo , Cerea Silvia , Bottesi Gioia , Ghisi Marta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExposure to Instagram content and photo manipulation behaviors may negatively impact women’s body image. However, some studies did not find support for this assumption. The current study aimed to explore this issue further. The first objective was to investigate associations between self-reported frequency of following Instagram beauty-related and body positive-related accounts and content and body image dimensions (i.e., Body Dysmorphic Disorder [BDD] symptoms, body appreciation, and body functionality appreciation). To achieve this, we controlled for the role of Instagram appearance comparison and internalization of general attractiveness ideal. As for the second objective, the influence of Instagram filter use was assessed: two groups of Instagram filter users (high-frequency and low-frequency users) and non-users were compared on dimensions of Instagram use and body image. Findings from a sample of 149 female undergraduates demonstrated that self-reported frequency of following body positive Instagram content was associated with higher levels of BDD symptoms even after controlling for appearance comparison and internalization of general attractiveness ideal. Conversely, the self-reported frequency of following beauty content was not. Moreover, positive body image dimensions were not associated with self-reported frequency of following any Instagram content. High-frequency Instagram filter users reported a higher frequency of following beauty content and higher levels of appearance comparison and internalization of general attractiveness ideal compared to non-users. However, these two groups did not differ on negative and positive body image dimensions. Finally, low-frequency Instagram filter users did not differ on any investigated dimensions from the other two groups.
Organization scale of photospheric magnetic imbalance in coronal holes
Authors: Cantoresi Matteo , Berrilli Francesco , Lepreti Fabio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate the statistical properties of the photospheric magnetic fields underlying coronal holes (CHs) and “normal” coronal regions a classical technique, the signed measure, is used. This technique allows to characterize the scaling behavior and the topology of sign-oscillating magnetic structures in selected regions of line of sigth (LoS) magnetograms recorded by the Heliosismic Magnetic Imager on board of the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO/HMI). To this end we have compared the properties of the photospheric magnetic field underlying 60 CHs and 60 non-coronal holes (NCHs). In particular, in addition to having studied distributions and momenta of photospheric magnetic fields associated to the selected regions, we have performed the sign singularity analysis computing the cancellation functions of the highly fluctuating photospheric magnetic fields. We have found that photospheric magnetic fields associated to CHs are imbalanced in the sign and that this imbalance emerges mainly at the supergranular scales.