bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal and severe violence: Characterizing Swedish female offenders with and without a severe mental disorder
Authors: Trägårdh Karin , Hildebrand Karlén Malin , Andiné Peter , Nilsson Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AimIn studies on lethal and severe violence, male offenders have historically been in focus while female offenders, in comparison, have often been excluded. In this study, we aimed to characterize female violent offenders and compared those with and without a severe mental disorder (SMD).MethodAll females charged with lethal or attempted lethal violence, who had undergone forensic psychiatric investigations (FPI) in Sweden between 2000 and 2014, constituting the two groups SMD (n = 84) and no SMD (n = 91), were included. Information from their FPI reports and court verdicts was collected regarding background and demographics, mental health, substance use, and crime characteristics.ResultsOverall, both groups were often unemployed, previously victimized within close relations, had psychiatric health issues, and more than half of them had previously attempted suicide. Specifically, the SMD group more often had psychotic disorders, had attempted homicide-suicide (at the time of the crime), and had children or friends/acquaintances as victims. The no-SMD group more often manifested patterns of anxiety, personality disorders, and substance use disorders compared to the SMD group. The no-SMD group also differed from the SMD group by more often having a previous criminal record, being charged with lethal index violence, having male adult intimate partners/ex-intimate partners as victims who had abused the offender, and both offender and victim had more often been under the influence of a substance. ConclusionFemale offenders of lethal and severe violence had a high prevalence of previous violent victimization which should be considered in forensic assessment and treatment regardless of the offender’s SMD status. However, more focus on substance use disorders and intimate partner relations appears relevant for females without an SMD. Contrary to that, early interventions regarding psychotic processes are probably a helpful preventive measure for females with an SMD. In sum, the heterogeneity of female offenders of lethal and severe violence emphasizes the necessity of developing nuanced interventions to meet their rehabilitative needs as well as the requirements of community protection.
Unraveling astrocyte behavior in the space brain: Radiation response of primary astrocytes
Authors: Roggan Marie Denise , Kronenberg Jessica , Wollert Esther , Hoffmann Sven , Nisar Hasan , Konda Bikash , Diegeler Sebastian , Liemersdorf Christian , Hellweg Christine E. 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionExposure to space conditions during crewed long-term exploration missions can cause several health risks for astronauts. Space radiation, isolation and microgravity are major limiting factors. The role of astrocytes in cognitive disturbances by space radiation is unknown. Astrocytes' response toward low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high-LET carbon (12C) and iron (56Fe) ions was compared to reveal possible effects of space-relevant high-LET radiation. Since astronauts are exposed to ionizing radiation and microgravity during space missions, the effect of simulated microgravity on DNA damage induction and repair was investigated.MethodsPrimary murine cortical astrocytes were irradiated with different doses of X-rays, 12C and 56Fe ions at the heavy ion accelerator GSI. DNA damage and repair (γH2AX, 53BP1), cell proliferation (Ki-67), astrocytes' reactivity (GFAP) and NF-κB pathway activation (p65) were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle progression was investigated by flow cytometry of DNA content. Gene expression changes after exposure to X- rays were investigated by mRNA-sequencing. RT-qPCR for several genes of interest was performed with RNA from X-rays- and heavy-ion-irradiated astrocytes: Cdkn1a, Cdkn2a, Gfap, Tnf, Il1β, Il6, and Tgfβ1. Levels of the pro inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were determined using ELISA. DNA damage response was investigated after exposure to X-rays followed by incubation on a 2D clinostat to simulate the conditions of microgravity.ResultsAstrocytes showed distinct responses toward the three different radiation qualities. Induction of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and the respective repair was dose-, LET- and time-dependent. Simulated microgravity had no significant influence on DNA DSB repair. Proliferation and cell cycle progression was not affected by radiation qualities examined in this study. Astrocytes expressed IL-6 and GFAP with constitutive NF-κB activity independent of radiation exposure. mRNA sequencing of X-irradiated astrocytes revealed downregulation of 66 genes involved in DNA damage response and repair, mitosis, proliferation and cell cycle regulation.DiscussionIn conclusion, primary murine astrocytes are DNA repair proficient irrespective of radiation quality. Only minor gene expression changes were observed after X-ray exposure and reactivity was not induced. Co-culture of astrocytes with microglial cells, brain organoids or organotypic brain slice culture experiments might reveal whether astrocytes show a more pronounced radiation response in more complex network architectures in the presence of other neuronal cell types.
The triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height ratio outperforms obesity and other triglyceride-related parameters in detecting prediabetes in normal-weight Qatari adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Akl Neyla S. , Haoudi Elias N. , Bensmail Halima , Arredouani Abdelilah 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThe triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-driven indices, incorporating obesity indices, have been proposed as reliable markers of insulin resistance and related comorbidities such as diabetes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these indices in detecting prediabetes in normal-weight individuals from a Middle Eastern population.MethodsUsing the data of 5,996 adult Qatari participants from the Qatar Biobank cohort, we employed adjusted logistic regression to assess the ability of various obesity and triglyceride-related indices to detect prediabetes in normal-weight (18.5 ≤ BMI &lt;25 kg/m2) adults (≥18 years).ResultsOf the normal-weight adults, 13.62% had prediabetes. TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHTR) was significantly associated with prediabetes among normal-weight men [OR per 1-SD 2.68; 95% CI (1.67–4.32)] and women [OR per 1-SD 2.82; 95% CI (1.61–4.94)]. Compared with other indices, TyG-WHTR had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value for prediabetes in men [AUC: 0.76, 95% CI (0.70–0.81)] and women [AUC: 0.73, 95% CI (0.66–0.80)], and performed significantly higher than other indices (p &lt; 0.05) in detecting prediabetes in men. Tyg-WHTR shared similar diagnostic values as fasting plasma glucose (FPG).DiscussionOur findings suggest that the TyG-WHTR index could be a better indicator of prediabetes for general clinical usage in normal weight Qatari adult men than other obesity and TyG-related indices. TyG-WHTR can help identify a person’s risk for developing prediabetes in both men and women when combined with FPG results.
Food insecurity indicators of 14 OECD countries in a health economics aspect: A comparative analysis
Authors: Yılmaz Salim , Günal Ahmet Murat 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionFood insecurity is a critical issue that refers to a lack of access to adequate food to support a healthy and active lifestyle. This problem has wide-reaching effects and can negatively impact health, education, and overall well-being. Addressing food insecurity requires a multifaceted approach that involves the efforts of governments, organizations, and individuals to ensure access to a balanced and nutritious diet for all.MethodsThe aim of this study is to shed light on macro-level models and evaluate food insecurity risk in international comparisons. We considered six criteria to evaluate food insecurity risk in terms of health expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and GDP growth rate among 14 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. We developed a modeling approach in three stages to compare food insecurity risk and discussed the reasons for the rankings of the countries based on the model results.ResultsAccording to our findings, the United States has the lowest food insecurity risk, while Colombia has the highest. The results suggest that economic factors, such as GDP per capita and GDP growth rate, play a significant role in food insecurity risk. The study highlights the importance of addressing economic disparities and promoting economic growth to reduce food insecurity.DiscussionThis study provides insights into the relationship between food insecurity and economic factors, indicating that addressing economic disparities and promoting economic growth can reduce food insecurity. Future research using similar models to link economic outcomes with important health components such as nutrition and physical activity could provide a foundation for policy development.
Weight status change from birth to childhood and the odds of high blood pressure among Chinese children
Authors: Li Cheng , Liu Ziqi , Zhao Min , Zhang Cheng , Bovet Pascal , Xi Bo 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundIt is well documented that birth weight and childhood weight are associated with the blood pressure (BP) levels in childhood. However, the impact of weight status change from birth to childhood on BP among children is less well described. We aimed to assess the association between changes in weight status from birth to childhood and high BP in childhood.Methods and resultsData were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Jinan, China, and a total of 5,546 children aged 6–17 years were included in this study. Based on the birth weight status [high weight (&gt; 4,000 g) vs. normal weight (2,500–4,000 g)] and childhood weight status during the survey period [high weight (overweight and obesity) vs. normal weight], children were assigned into four groups: persistently normal weight (normal birth weight and normal childhood weight), resolved high weight (high birth weight but normal childhood weight), incident high weight (normal birth weight but high childhood weight), and persistently high weight (high birth weight and high childhood weight). After adjustment for sex and age, BP in childhood was more responsive to current body mass index (BMI) than birth weight. After adjustment for the potential covariates, compared with children who had persistently normal weight from birth to childhood, those with incident high weight (odds ratio [OR] = 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.29–4.57) and persistently high weight (OR = 3.52, 95% CI = 2.71–4.57) were associated with the increased odds of childhood high BP. However, children who had resolved high weight did not have significantly increased odds of high BP in childhood (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.59–1.25).ConclusionThe association of BP with recent BMI was stronger than with birth weight. Children who had incident or persistently high weight from birth to childhood had increased odds of high BP in childhood, whereas the odds was not significantly increased among those with high birth weight but changed to normal weight in childhood. Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining an appropriate weight in the early lifetime for the prevention of high BP and other related diseases, especially for those with high birth weight.
Satisfaction with pediatric telehealth according to the opinions of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A literature review
Authors: Kodjebacheva Gergana Damianova , Culinski Taylor , Kawser Bushra , Amin Saman 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo review satisfaction with telehealth among children and adolescents based on their own opinions during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn the PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase databases, we searched for peer-reviewed studies in English on satisfaction with telehealth among children and adolescents (rather than parents). Both observational studies and interventions were eligible. The review was categorized as a mini review because it focused on the limited time frame of the COVID-19 pandemic. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Reviewers extracted information from each study and assessed risk of bias.ResultsA total of 14 studies were eligible. Studies were conducted in Australia, Canada, Italy, Israel, Poland, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. They focused on a variety of health conditions. Two of the 14 studies were interventions. Participants expressed high satisfaction with video and telephone visits and home telemonitoring while also preferring a combination of in-person visits and telehealth services. Factors associated with higher satisfaction with telehealth included greater distance from the medical center, older age, and lower anxiety when using telehealth. In qualitative studies, preferred telehealth features among participants included: a stable Internet connection and anonymity and privacy during telehealth visits.ConclusionTelehealth services received favorable satisfaction ratings by children and adolescents. Randomized-controlled trials on the effectiveness of pediatric telehealth services compared to non-telehealth services may assess improvements in satisfaction and health outcomes.
On the Redundancy of Birth and Death Rates in Homogeneous Epidemic SIR Models
Authors: Nill Florian 
Published: April 2023

The dynamics of fractional population sizes yi=Yi/N in homogeneous compartment models with time-dependent total population N is analyzed. Assuming constant per capita birth and death rates, the vector field Y˙i=Vi(Y) naturally projects to a vector field Fi(Y) tangent to the leaves of constant population N. A universal formula for the projected field Fi is given. In this way, in many SIR-type models with standard incidence, all demographic parameters become redundant for the dynamical system y˙i=Fi(y). They may be put to zero by shifting the remaining parameters appropriately. Normalizing eight examples from the literature this way, they unexpectedly become isomorphic for corresponding parameter ranges. Thus, some recently published results turn out to have been covered already by papers 20 years ago.
Application of the Iber Two-Dimensional Model to Recover the Water Quality in the Lurín River
Authors: Mori-Sánchez Omayra Luzmila , Ramos-Fernández Lia , Lluén-Chero Willy Eduardo , Pino-Vargas Edwin , Flores del Pino Lisveth 
Published: April 2023

The Lurín River is one of the main sources of water for the city of Lima. However, the discharge of domestic wastewater, the presence of dumps, and long periods of drought cause the deterioration of the water resource. In this study, DO, BOD5, E. coli, T, EC, TSS, U, and h were monitored at 13 monitoring points spread over 20 km of river influence. This information was used to calibrate the parameters of Kdbo, Kaire, Kdos, and Kdec in the Iber two-dimensional numerical model, obtaining values of 0.55 d−1, [4.84 d−1–80.65 d−1], 10 g O2 m−2d−1, and [1.49 d−1–15.42 d−1], respectively, with efficiencies ranging from “very good” to “satisfactory”. In the hydraulic model, a discretization of the channel, banks, and plains of 3, 5, and 7 m, respectively, was considered, resulting in a computational calculation time of 4 days in each simulation. The greatest contamination occurs in July at km 5 + 400 up to the Pan-American bridge. Therefore, it is proposed to recover the river by optimizing the San Bartolo Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and a new WWTP in Pachacámac to avoid diffuse contamination, with discharge flows of 0.980 m3s−1 and 0.373 m3s−1, respectively, and 4 mg L−1, 15 mg L−1 and 1000 NMP/100 mL for DO, BOD5, and E. coli, respectively.
Runoff, Sediment Loss and the Attenuating Effectiveness of Vegetation Parameters in the Rainforest Zone of Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Abua Moses Adah , Iwara Anthony Inah , Eneyo Violet Bassey , Akpan Nsikan Anthony , Ajake Anim Obongha , Alarifi Saad S. , Gómez-Ortiz David , Eldosouky Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2023

The research was conducted to assess the pace of sediment loss in deserted 3-, 5- and 10-year-fallow traditional farmlands, as well as cultivated farmlands, in a remote forested zone in southern Nigeria. During the 2012 rainy and cropping season, field measurements of sediment and runoff caused by rainfall were carried out. Pearson’s correlation revealed that crown cover positively and significantly correlated with runoff on the cultivated farmland (r = 0.652, p < 0.01). The results showed that the vegetation characteristics assessed on the different fallows explained 73.1%, 89.9%, 53.7% and 86.7% of the runoff variations. In addition, Pearson’s correlation demonstrated that girth explained sediment loss on the 5-year fallow (r = 0.807, p < 0.01), while a strong positive and significant association existed between sediment loss and crown cover on the farmland plot (r = 0.835, p < 0.01). The vegetation components were mutually responsible for 48.4%, 84.3%, 95.1% and 85.9% of the changes in sediment enrichment on the 5-year-, 10-year-, 3-year-fallow and cultivated farmland, respectively. The study found that mature/older fallows had a more substantial attenuating impact on soil erosion control than younger fallows.
El Programa Regional de Acciones para el Desarrollo de la Juventud en América Latina:
Authors: - - 
Published: April 2023

La VII Conferencia Iberoamericana de Ministros de Juventud, celebrada en Punta del Este (Uruguay) entre los días 20 y 23 de abril de 1994, contó con la participación de delegaciones oficiales de 21 países iberoamericanos y de numerosos observadores internacionales. En ella se procedió a tomar conocimiento, a discutir y a aprobar el Marco de Referencia del Programa Regional de Acciones para el Desarrollo de la Juventud en América Latina, que se presenta más adelante.
Esta propuesta programática de carácter estratégico, cuya ejecución se prevé para el período 1995-2000, comprende la identificación de un conjunto de desafíos regionales y un catálogo de propuestas de acciones y políticas dirigidas a la juventud, de carácter multilateral y multisectorial, de enorme validez en la perspectiva de homologar una actuación gubernamental integral eficaz en el dominio de la juventud, optimizando las políticas nacionales y los futuros trabajos que se desarrollen por parte de las instituciones, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, interesadas y competentes en esta materia.
Editorial
Authors: Musmar M. j. , Dudin Anwar 
Published: April 2023

New in this edition is communication with the journal- Expert Opinion -, we welcome all communications and notes from our friends; local and abroad. We like very much to thank our authors for their support of the Journal by submitting first class work. In this new edition we include the review paper of Dr. Ajaj, we added to this issue original research by Dr. J. Abdalla and Dr. H. Qusa, and in this issue we welcome a kind letter from Sir T. English and a case report from Dr. Y. Abu Safieh. Medical education in Palestine is receiving special attention in this edition, the unique experience and needs of medical education in difficult time was explored nicely by Dr. Qusa and was highlighted by Sir T. English. We invite our friends and colleagues to continue supporting the journal by rich articles, reviews, comments and communications. Many thanks to our reviews and friends everywhere.
Medical Training During the 2008/2009 Attack On Gaza
Authors: Qosa Dr. Haytham , Dennick Prof. Reg. , Hanies Catherine 
Published: April 2023

Background: Medical education during wars and in conflict zones is not straightforward. On December 27th, 2008, Israel launched an attack on the Gaza Strip which lasted 22 days. At the end of the attack, aid agencies reported that Gaza ‘looks like an earthquake zone’. Doctors’ experiences during the attack on Gaza deserve special attention and research. Methods: In this study I explored perceptions of doctors in training about the work during the attack on Gaza. I surveyed nearly all trainers and trainees in training rogrammes of General Surgery and Anesthesia, with the help of the Palestine Medical Council in Gaza and by using an electronic questionnaire.Results: 71 doctors were surveyed and the general response rate was 67.6%. 84.3% of the surveyed doctors reported that they had had no communications with their programme directorates during the attack. Trainers and trainees agreed that the large number of injuries was the main problem they confronted. 71% of respondents considered that the attack had had a positive impact on their willingness to work and learn more.Conclusion & recommendation: Experience of Gazan doctors during the attack on Gaza has no significant difference from the experiences of doctors in other conflict areas. Some suggestions (administrative and educational) for future studies are recommended to improve the performance of the health sector in emergency situations in the Gaza Strip in particular and in the Palestinian Territories in general.

التعليم الطبي خلال الحروب وفي مناطق النزاعات ليس بالأمر السهل. في السابع والعشرين من ديسمبر عام 2008 شنت اسرائيل حملة عسكرية ضد قطاع غزة استمرت لمدة 22 يوما. في نهاية هذه الحملة, أعلنت منظمات الإغاثة الدولية قطاع غزة منطقة منكوبة ووصفتها كمنطقة تعرضت لزلزال. تجربة الأطباء الفلسطينيين خلال هذا العدوان على قطاع غزة تستحق البحث والإهتمام بشكل خاص. في هذه الدراسة استكشفنا آراء الأطباء في برامج التدريب حول تجربة العمل خلال فترة العدوان على غزة. وقمنا بإجراء مسح لغالبية المدربين والمتدربين المشمولين في برامج التدريب لتخصصي الجراحة العامة والتخدير وذلك بمساعدة المجلس الطبي الفلسطيني في غزة واستخدام استبيان الكتروني. تم إجراء المسح على 71 طبيب وكانت نسبة الإستجابة العامة 67.6% . 84.3% من الأطباء المشمولين في المسح أكدوا على انقطاع الإتصال بينهم وبين إدارات برامجهم التدريبية خلال فترة العدوان. المدربين والمتدربين في كلا التخصصين أجمعوا على أن العدد الكبير للمصابين كان المشكلة الأساسية التي واجهتهم خلال العدوان. 71% من المستجيبين للمسح اعتبروا أن هذا العدوان كان محفزا لهم بشكل ايجابي لمزيد من العمل والتعلم. وفي الخلاصة تم استنتاج أن تجربة الأطباء الغزيين خلال فترة العدوان على غزة لا تختلف كثيرا عن تجربة الأطباء في مناطق نزاع أخرى. كما تم عمل بعض التوصيات على المستوى التعليمي والإداري من أجل تحسين عمل القطاع الصحي خلال فترات الطوارئ في قطاع غزة بشكل خاص والأراضي الفلسطينية بشكل عام.