bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of a computer vision system for estimating biomechanical measures of body function in axial spondyloarthropathy patients and healthy subjects
Authors: Cronin Neil J , Mansoubi Maedeh , Hannink Erin , Waller Benjamin , Dawes Helen 
Published: January 2023

Objective Advances in computer vision make it possible to combine low-cost cameras with algorithms, enabling biomechanical measures of body function and rehabilitation programs to be performed anywhere. We evaluated a computer vision system's accuracy and concurrent validity for estimating clinically relevant biomechanical measures. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Laboratory. Participants Thirty-one healthy participants and 31 patients with axial spondyloarthropathy. Intervention A series of clinical functional tests (including the gold standard Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index tests). Each test was performed twice: the first performance was recorded with a camera, and a computer vision algorithm was used to estimate variables. During the second performance, a clinician measured the same variables manually. Main measures Joint angles and inter-limb distances. Clinician measures were compared with computer vision estimates. Results For all tests, clinician and computer vision estimates were correlated ( r2 values: 0.360–0.768). There were no significant mean differences between methods for shoulder flexion (left: 2 ± 14° (mean ± standard deviation), t = 0.99, p < 0.33; right: 3 ± 15°, t = 1.57, p < 0.12), side flexion (left: − 0.5 ± 3.1 cm, t = −1.34, p = 0.19; right: 0.5 ± 3.4 cm, t = 1.05, p = 0.30) and lumbar flexion ( − 1.1 ± 8.2 cm, t = −1.05, p = 0.30). For all other movements, significant differences were observed, but could be corrected using a systematic offset. Conclusion We present a computer vision approach that estimates distances and angles from clinical movements recorded with a phone or webcam. In the future, this approach could be used to monitor functional capacity and support physical therapy management remotely.
Prevalence and management of hypertension in Central China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Xing Wenlu , Wang Shan , Liu Xinyun , Jiang Jicheng , Zhao Qiuping , Wang Yuming , Zhang You , Gao Chuanyu 
Published: January 2023

Objective We aimed to assess hypertension prevalence and management in Central China. Methods In this cross-sectional study conducted from February 2019 to February 2020, we applied stratified multistage random sampling to investigate residents aged 35 to 75 years in Dancheng county of Zhoukou city and Xincai county of Zhumadian city, both in Central China. Results We enrolled 63,940 participants in this survey. A total of 43.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.2–44.0) of participants had hypertension. Of these, 49.3% (95% CI: 48.7–49.9) were aware of their diagnosis, 36.5% (95% CI: 35.9–37.1) took antihypertensive medication, and 14.3% (95% CI: 13.9–14.7) had their blood pressure under control. Only 31.4% of hypertensive people receiving antihypertensive treatment had achieved control. The hypertension prevalence was lower in urban areas than in rural areas, with higher rates of awareness, treatment, and control. Among subgroups, rural men had the highest prevalence of hypertension. Prevalence, awareness, and treatment rates all increased with age, except for control rates, which declined in the 65- to 75-year-old group. Conclusions People in Central China have a high hypertension prevalence but low rates of awareness, treatment, and control. Great effort is needed to improve the prevention and management of hypertension in this region.
A robust localization approach for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Xu Bai-sheng , Leng Fen-Gui , Jiang Yan-ying , Liao Cai-zhi , Wang Feng , HU Jian-Miao , Gao Hong-Bing , Leng Xu , Xi Hai-bo 
Published: January 2023

Background: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) represents the gold standard treatment method for cases with large kidney stones. As a critical step in performing PCNL, the procedure of establishing a safe and accurate nephrostomy tract will dramatically impact the treatment quality of patients with large-sized kidney stones. Objective: This work attempts to describe a new and improved process of establishing an accurate nephrostomy tract and clinically evaluate the effectiveness and safeness of this proposed methodology. Methods: This work represents a retrospective single-center study carried out between August 2013 and November 2019. The collected samples consist of 937 patients who were operated on using PCNL coupled with our proposed procedure. Briefly, a preoperative B-ultrasonography was firstly performed to decide the puncture point in a simulated surgical position where was marked with ureteral catheter segments (2–3 cm). A computed tomography (CT) scan was followed to correct the anchor points in the simulated surgical position. After this, an accurate puncture operation was performed under the real-time guidance of intraoperative B ultrasound. Results: Examining this study, 851 subjects with renal stones and 86 subjects with ureteropelvic junction stones were included for the PCNL operation project. All samples were grouped with Guy’s grading system: grade I, II, III, and IV patients there were 0.00%, 42.69%, 51.01%, and 6.30%, respectively. Among these patients, the average age was 48.49 ± 10.80 years old, with a male to female ratio of around 1.73:1. Conclusions: This study showed that our developed method warrants an accurate and safe PCNL operation that involves the process of establishing the nephrostomy tract. Other advantageous attributes of this new PCNL process include negligible radiation exposure, lesser complications, and low failure rates. More importantly, this new localization approach is particularly attractive for hospitals that are new to the field of adopting PCNL considering its safeness, effectiveness, and learnability.
Speaking Truth to Power: A Tale of Two Universities
Authors: Barker Drucilla K. 
Published: January 2023

This article compares the experiences of resistance and accommodation by the University of South Carolina (USC) and Boğaziçi University to the imposition of a right-wing head of university by government fiat. I begin with a description of the USC case and examine one scholarly response. I offer a critique of that response in terms of the problematics about the gendered subject when involving the principles of free speech and the importance of speaking truth to power. I then turn to the Boğaziçi case and briefly examine two scholarly responses contained in a dossier published in the South Atlantic Quarterly. I conclude with a brief discussion of the differences between the two universities and thoughts about what radicalism entails in practice. JEL Classification: A13, I21, H75, B5
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Safety of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Green Jessica Emily , Berk Michael , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Loughman Amy , McGuinness Amelia J. , Castle David , Chatterton Mary Lou , Perez Joahna , Strandwitz Philip , Athan Eugene , Hair Christopher , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Cryan John F. , Jacka Felice 
Published: January 2023

Objectives Perturbations of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with mental health disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) holds promise as a microbiota-modulating treatment for MDD. Yet, to date, there are no published controlled studies evaluating the use of FMT for MDD. This study aimed to address this gap by evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of FMT for MDD. Methods The study was an 8-week, double-blind, 2:1 parallel group, randomized controlled pilot trial ( n = 15) of enema-delivered FMT ( n = 10) compared with a placebo enema ( n = 5) in adults with moderate-to-severe MDD. Results Recruitment was completed within 2 months, with 0% attrition and 100% attendance at key study appointments. There were no major protocol deviations. The placebo and blinding strategies were considered successful; nurses and participants correctly guessing their treatment allocation at a rate similar to that anticipated by chance. No serious or severe adverse events were reported in either group, and there were no significant differences in mild-to-moderate adverse events between groups (median of 2 adverse events per participant reported in both groups). Furthermore, the 12/15 participants who completed the Week 2 participant satisfaction survey agreed or strongly agreed that the enema delivery was tolerable and that they would have the treatment again if required. Whilst the study was not designed to measure clinical outcomes, exploratory data also suggested that the active FMT treatment may lead to improvements in gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in this population, noting that irritable bowel syndrome is commonly comorbid with MDD. Conclusions All feasibility targets were met or exceeded. This study found that enema-delivered FMT is feasible, acceptable, well-tolerated, and safe in patients with MDD. The findings of this study support further research to evaluate clinical efficacy, and the use of this protocol is supported.
New Graduate Nurses Navigating Entry to Practice in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: McMillan Kim , Akoo Chaman , Catigbe-Cates Ashley 
Published: January 2023

Background The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted organizational life for nurses, with known physical and psychological impacts. New graduate nurses are a subset of nurses with unique needs and challenges as they transition into their registered nurse roles. However, this subset of nurses has yet to be explored in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Purpose To explore the experiences of new graduate nurses entering the profession in Ontario, Canada, during the Covid-19 pandemic approximately one year after entering the profession. Methods Thorne's interpretive description method was utilized. Findings All participants identified as completing second entry nursing programs, offering a unique perspective on new graduate nurse transition. Four themes emerged in the data: ‘ Virtual Didn’t Cut It,’ ‘Go Where You Know,’ ‘Picking Up the Pieces,’ and ‘Learning When to Say No and Let Go.’ Participants felt ill prepared to enter the profession and were cognizant of the various challenges facing the nursing profession, and how these pre-existing challenges were exacerbated by the pandemic. They acknowledged the need to protect themselves against burnout and poor mental health, and as such, made calculated early career decisions – demonstrating strong socio-political knowing. Half of the participants had already left their first nursing job; citing unmet orientation, mental health, and wellbeing needs. However, all participants were steadfast in remaining in the nursing profession. Conclusions Second entry new graduate nurses remain a unique subset of nurses that require more scholarly attention as their transition experiences may differ from the traditional trajectory of new graduate nurses.
A study on development of silicone rubber with conductive carbon, polyaniline, MWCNT composite for EMI shielding
Authors: Jayakanth J , Chennakesavulu K , Ramanjaneya Reddy G , Dhanalakshmi S , Priya V , Sasikumar K , Sasipraba T 
Published: January 2023

The multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown by CVD method and using Ni impregnated zeolite as a substrate. The prepared MWCNT diameter varied from 10 to 60 nm and length in few microns. The silicone rubber (SR) was mixed well with conductive carbon, Polyaniline (PANI) and MWCNTs in two roll mill. The prepared silicone rubber materials were fabricated in the form of sheets with dimensions of 200 mm × 200 mm × 2 mm by using compression molding technique. The prepared sheets were subjected for EMI shielding efficiency measurements at low frequency (< 1.5 GHz) and high frequency range from 1 GHz to 18 GHz. At high frequency the shielding effectiveness of the Conducting Silicone Rubber and Conductive silicone rubber with MWCNT was found to be 24 dB and 48 dB. The volume resistivity measurements were also carried for all the prepared silicone rubber sheets, the results reveals that SR + MWCNT, CSR + MWCNT composites shows volume resistivity 4032 and 20.7 Ω.cm respectively. This confirms the conductivity of CSR + MWCNT is enough to exhibit good Shielding Effectiveness.
Neural Basis of Internal Attention in Adults with Pure and Comorbid ADHD
Authors: Rafi Halima , Murray Ryan , Delavari Farnaz , Perroud Nader , Vuilleumier Patrik , Debbané Martin , Piguet Camille 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To examine whether putatively atypical neuronal activity during internal attention in ADHD yields insights into processes underlying emotion dysregulation. Methods: We used a word processing paradigm to assess neural activations in adults with ADHD ( N = 46) compared to controls ( N = 43). We measured effects of valence, applied partial-least squares correlation analysis to assess multivariate brainbehavior relationships and ran subgroup analyses to isolate results driven by pure ADHD ( N = 18). Results: During internal attention, ADHD, compared to controls, have (1) increased activation in the right angular gyrus (rAG), which appears driven by pure, not comorbid, ADHD and (2) diminished activation in the insula and fronto-striatal circuitry. Diminished activations were driven by negatively-valenced internal attention and negatively correlated with increased affective lability within the ADHD group. Conclusion: Internal attention in ADHD is associated with increased rAG activation, possibly reflecting difficulty converging external and internal information, and diminished activation within emotion regulation circuitry.
A Clinical Investigation on ADHD-Traits in Childhood Celiac Disease
Authors: Efe Ayşegül , Tok Ayşegül 
Published: January 2023

Objective: There are no definitive results about either the presence of exact comorbidity between celiac disease (CD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) or etiology. We intend to screen ADHD-related cognitive and behavioral traits in children with biopsy-proven CD and investigate the possible association of these traits with certain vitamin levels, body-mass index, and gluten-free diet (GFD) compliance. Method: A total of 85 children with biopsy-proven CD (the ages of 8–18 years) were compared with age and sex-matched 72 healthy controls in terms of demographics, psychiatric symptoms, certain vitamin levels, and anthropometric measurements. Results: ADHD-like cognitive issues, such as inattention and learning difficulties, as well as psychosomatic symptoms and poor prosocial behavior, were all associated with GFD noncompliance in childhood CD. Conclusion: Untreated CD may predispose to ADHD-resembling symptoms. Physicians should be aware of the probability of ADHD misdiagnosing due to ADHD-resembling cognitive and behavioral traits in untreated CD.
Comparison of urethral length and orifice diameter in cats undergoing transpelvic or subpubic urethrostomy for perineal urethrostomy revision (cadaveric study)
Authors: David Sieglinde , Minnoye Stella , de Rooster Hilde , Stock Emmelie , Devriendt Nausikaa 
Published: January 2023

Objectives Stenosis is a postoperative complication reported in 12–17% of male cats that undergo perineal urethrostomy (PU). This study compared two different revision techniques for failed perineal urethrostomies. The first objective was to evaluate the feasibility of performing a transpelvic urethrostomy (TPU) after a previous, correctly performed PU in male cats. The second objective was to determine the residual urethral length, orifice diameter, and the position of the orifice relative to the pubic brim and anus after PU, TPU and subpubic urethrostomy (SPU). Methods Twenty male cat cadavers were randomly divided into two groups: TPU and SPU. In group TPU, PU was followed by TPU; in group SPU, PU was followed by SPU. After each procedure, the urethral orifice cross-section size was estimated by inserting the largest possible urinary catheter without resistance. Residual urethral length was measured both on contrast radiographs and after anatomical dissection. Results In all cats, TPU could be performed following a technically correct PU. The TPU resulted in a 1.5-times longer residual urethral length than SPU, based on contrast radiographs ( P = 0.001) and confirmed by anatomical dissection ( P <0.001). Relative to the initial urethral length, PU, TPU and SPU resulted in a reduction of 24%, 36% and 56%, respectively. The urethral orifice diameter after TPU did not differ from SPU ( P = 1.000), and it was not statistically significantly different between TPU and PU ( P = 0.317) or between SPU and PU ( P = 0.655). The urethral orifice was located further away from the pubis ( P <0.001) and closer to the anus ( P <0.001) after TPU than after SPU. Conclusions and relevance Both TPU and SPU are possible revision surgeries following PU. As TPU preserves a significantly longer urethral length and requires less tissue dissection, the risk of urinary tract infections, urinary dermatitis and urinary incontinence might be less following TPU than SPU.
Enablers and barriers to military veterans seeking help for mental health and alcohol difficulties: A systematic review of the quantitative evidence
Authors: Hitch Catherine , Toner Paul , Armour Cherie 
Published: January 2023

Objective Research exploring the enablers and barriers that exist for military veterans seeking to address their poor mental health has produced ambiguous results. To identify the enablers and barriers correctly, this study systematically reviews the literature, including research that included alcohol and had a clearly defined veteran population. Methods Six databases were searched. Inclusion criteria specified that empirical studies related to veterans that had ceased military service and were seeking help for poor mental health and/or alcohol difficulties. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and AXIS appraisal tools were used to assess quality and bias. A narrative synthesis approach was adopted for analysis. From 2044 studies screened, 12 were included featuring 5501 participants. Results Forty-four enablers and barriers were identified, with thirty-two being statistically significant. Post-traumatic stress disorder had the greatest number of enabler/barrier endorsements to veterans seeking help. Depression, anxiety, experience and attitudes also acted as enablers/barriers. Most studies were of fair methodological quality. Limitations included that samples were skewed towards US army veterans. Little research exists concerning those that have ceased military service. Conclusions Veteran help-seeking is likely enabled by poor mental health symptomology and comorbidity, which suggests veterans reach a crisis point before they seek help. Further research on alcohol misuse and attitude formation is required. The field would also benefit from alternative study designs including qualitative studies with non-US participants.
Mangled Extremity Severity Score in the Assessment of Extremity Injuries – Is it Reliable?
Authors: Abdo Ehab M. , Farouk Nehal , EIimam Sameh E. , Elshinawy Waleed E. , Abdelhafez Abdelaziz A. , Hamza Mohamed , Dahy Asmaa A. , Abu-Elsoud Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

The mangled extremity severity score (MESS) was established 28 years ago to decide performing an amputation in cases of limb trauma. It assigns points for 4 aspects of the injury: the extent of soft tissue and skeletal injury, limb ischemia and ischemic duration, shock, and age. A score of 7 or higher indicates that primary amputation is required. Thirty-one patients with MESS scores of 7 to 8 underwent limb salvage surgeries, with 13 limbs being saved and 18 limbs being amputated. Upper extremities trauma had a salvage rate of 62.5%, whereas lower extremity trauma had a salvage rate of 20%. MESS is not a sensitive predictor of amputation in upper limb trauma, but it is useful in lower limb injuries.
Broad Therapeutic Time Window for Driving Motor Recovery After TBI Using Activity-Dependent Stimulation
Authors: Hudson Heather M. , Guggenmos David J. , Azin Meysam , Vitale Nicholas , McKenzie Katelyn A. , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Mohseni Pedram , Nudo Randolph J. 
Published: January 2023

Background: After an acquired injury to the motor cortex, the ability to generate skilled movements is impaired, leading to long-term motor impairment and disability. While rehabilitative therapy can improve outcomes in some individuals, there are no treatments currently available that are able to fully restore lost function. Objective: We previously used activity-dependent stimulation (ADS), initiated immediately after an injury, to drive motor recovery. The objective of this study was to determine if delayed application of ADS would still lead to recovery and if the recovery would persist after treatment was stopped. Methods: Rats received a controlled cortical impact over primary motor cortex, microelectrode arrays were implanted in ipsilesional premotor and somatosensory areas, and a custom brain–machine interface was attached to perform the ADS. Stimulation was initiated either 1, 2, or 3 weeks after injury and delivered constantly over a 4-week period. An additional group was monitored for 8 weeks after terminating ADS to assess persistence of effect. Results were compared to rats receiving no stimulation. Results: ADS was delayed up to 3 weeks from injury onset and still resulted in significant motor recovery, with maximal recovery occurring in the 1-week delay group. The improvements in motor performance persisted for at least 8 weeks following the end of treatment. Conclusions: ADS is an effective method to treat motor impairments following acquired brain injury in rats. This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of this technique as it could be initiated in the post-acute period and could be explanted/ceased once recovery has occurred.
Evaluation of Caralluma edulis for its Potential Against Obesity, Atherosclerosis and Hypertension
Authors: Akram Adnan , Jamshed Ayesha , Anwaar Mariya , Rasheed Hafiz Muhammad Farhan , Haider Syed Ihtisham , Aslam Naveed , Jabeen Qaiser 
Published: January 2023

Obesity, a chronic metabolic condition, is an increase in fat mass and blood lipid levels mainly causing atherosclerosis and hypertension, which further lead to cardiovascular complications. The objective of the study was to investigate the crude extract of Caralluma edulis (CE.Cr) for its potential against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its related complications. Hyperlipidemia was induced in Wistar albino rats with HFD (1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid) for 28 days. Treatment groups were administered with different doses of CE.Cr (100, 300 and 500 mg/Kg, p.o.) and the standard group received atorvastatin. At the end of study, sera were analyzed for biochemical markers and the aorta was dissected for microscopic examination. Antioxidant potential was evaluated and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed. The hypotensive potential of CE.Cr was evaluated through an invasive technique. HPLC analysis of CE.Cr showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, apigenin and naringenin. Histological examination of the aorta section showed anti-atherosclerotic effects which were also evident from decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins levels. CE.Cr decreased mean arterial blood pressure and evoked significant hypotensive effects. The crude extract of C. edulis showed anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidant potential.