bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-Shimming of the BESSY II in-Vacuum APPLE II Undulator IVUE32 with Transverse Slides
Authors: Bahrdt J. , Grimmer S. , Scheer M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The phase shimming of an in-vacuum APPLE II undulator requests a precise slit adjustment between neighbouring magnet rows besides the conventional gap tuning such as in an in-vacuum undulator. In an out-of-vacuum APPLE II, the slit between the magnet rows is precisely defined via a stiff needle bearing, which is located closely to the critical volume. In the APPLE II design, the slit adjustment must be done from outside of the vacuum chamber far away from the electron beam. In this article, we discuss the tolerances of systematic phase errors of various types and their relaxation with emittance and energy spread. We developed specific transverse slides for the slit adjustment to achieve full flexibility in phase tuning. We discuss their capability in slit adjustment precision in the readily assembled and evacuated system. The discussions are based on spectral and FEM-simulations.
Development of a cryogenic APPLE CPMUE15 at BESSY II
Authors: Rial E C M , Bahrdt J , Grimmer S , Meseck A , Scheer M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Building on the innovative design of the In-Vacuum APPLE IVUE32, a design for a 15mm period cryogenic elliptical undulator (CPMUE15) is proposed. The undulator is to be developed under the ATHENA collaboration. Initially designed to provide a radiator for the SINBAD facility at DESY, a comparison is made for a design to provide an Afterburner device for FLASH1.
Design of the nanopositioning and mechanical system for cavity-based X-ray free electron laser
Authors: Shu Deming , Kearney Steven , Anton Jayson , Mashrafi Sheikh , Shvydko Yuri , Lindberg Ryan , Jansma William , Toter William , Shi Xianbo , Assoufid Lahsen , White Marion , Fak Tan Tien , Zhu Diling , Gassner Georg , Alessandra Montironi Maria , Delong Joe , Lewis Wayne , Balakrishnan Namrata , Decker Franz-Josef , Nuhn Heinz-Dieter , Marcus Gabriel , Huang Zhirong , Kim Kwang-Je 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With forming of an X-ray cavity with a set of narrow bandwidth diamond Bragg crystals and by storing and recirculating the output of an amplifier in an X- ray cavity so that the X-ray pulse can interact with following fresh electron bunches over many passes thus enabling the development of full temporal coherence, we will be able to build cavity-based X-ray FELs (CBXFELs) such as the X-ray free-electron laser oscillator (XFELO) and the X-ray regenerative amplifier free-electron laser (XRAFEL) [1, 2]. One of the key challenges to forming the X-ray cavity is the nanopositioning design and construction of the cavity mechanical system. In this paper, we present the design of the nanopositioning and mechanical system that is currently under construction for use in a proof-of-principle cavity-based X-ray free electron laser experiment at the LCLS-II at SLAC.
Design of nano-spintronics beamline at 3-GeV next-generation synchrotron radiation facility, NanoTerasu
Authors: Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Ueno Tetsuro , Iwasawa Hideaki , Miyawaki Jun , Horiba Koji , Inaba Kento , Agui Akane , Inami Nobuhito , Nakatani Takeshi , Imazono Takashi , Fujii Kentaro , Kimura Hiroaki , Takahasi Masamitu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A synchrotron radiation beamline in the soft- and tender-X ray energy range of 180-3000 eV with versatile polarization control has been designed for NanoTerasu, the 3-GeV next-generation synchrotron radiation facility at Tohoku, Japan. A series of four APPLE-II type undulators is adopted as a photon source to realize the required beam properties with high-speed polarization switching. The beamline optics is designed for a highly efficient and precise use of x-ray magnetic circular/linear dichroism (XMCD/XMLD) technique balancing high photon flux and energy resolution. The simulated performance of the segmented undulator together with the monochromator optics achieved the sufficiently high flux and energy resolution (E/ΔE) in whole target energy range. Two endstations with the different re-focus optics, one for marginal spot size with high flux and the other for ultimate focus down to ∼10 nm are also designed. The simulated performance of the beamline encourages the future researches of high-throughput and nm-focused spintronic measurements.
Study of a diamond channel cut monochromator for high repetition rate operation at the EuXFEL: FEA thermal load simulations and first experimental results
Authors: Tasca K R , Petrov I , Deiter C , Martyushov S , Polyakov S , Rodriguez-Fernandez A , Shayduk R , Sinn H , Terentyev S , Vannoni M , Zholudev S , Samoylova L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The recent start of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) provides a unique pulsed X-ray source of high spectral brilliance and high photon flux at a high repetition rate and opens the possibility for new scientific opportunities. However, the EuXFEL beam has a high peak power that is converted into a high cyclic thermal load on the optical elements, such as mirrors and monochromators, and is impossible to fully mitigate within the pulse train pattern. In the single crystal based X-ray monochromators, the increase of temperature leads to deformation of the crystal structure which affects the rocking curve and consequently the performance of these devices and the quality of the transmitted X-ray beam. To address the increase of temperature, we propose the use of a diamond channel-cut monochromator as an alternative to the current silicon monochromators. In this work we present the design and parameters of the diamond monochromator, heat load simulations and the surface and crystalline quality characterisation. The heat load simulations indicate a high performance of the monochromator under the pulse train of the EuXFEL and the characterisation demonstrates high crystal quality and its functionality as a double crystal monochromator.
Low line density blazed gratings with low blaze angles
Authors: Lemke S , Alimov S , Knedel J , Kutz O , Rudolph I , Seliger T , Sokolov A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gratings installed in synchrotron beamlines and instruments have standard line densities ranging from ~300 L/mm up to 2400 L/mm with blaze angles from 0.3° to 2°. For FEL beamlines lower line densities and lower angles are required. To manufacture these in the required high quality poses some challenges with regard to the ruling process and the ion etching process. Our investigation and process results will be described here. Additionally, first results of the process on a grating substrate are demonstrated.
Eliptical mirror position correction based on caustic analysis
Authors: Campoi L B C , Costa G S R , Moreno G B Z L , Pinto A C , Martinez-Zelaya V R , Ferreira T R , Carvalho M , Archilha N L , Horita A Y , Segalla L F , Gobbi A L , Piazzetta M H O , Baraldi G L , Tolentino H C N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
MOGNO is the micro and nano tomography dedicated beamline at Sirius, operating at three specific energies: 21.5, 39.0, and 67.7keV. Its optics is composed by a set of three mirrors (pre-KB + KB set), delivering a 3mrad cone beam, coming from a 100x100nm
2 main source. The pre-KB mirror must be aligned to produce a secondary source of 0.3 x 800.0µm
2, however, such an alignment is challenging, as deviations from it produce adverse effects on the beamline’s main source, enlarging it. Moreover, to evaluate a nanofocus a novel strategy is required. Here, it is proposed to use the fluorescence signal from a thin Au line deposited on a Si substrate scanning in the focus region along the horizontal plane, making it possible to visualize the beam’s caustic. Furthermore, it is possible to evaluate the focus size, via the analysis of the gradient of the caustic along the direction perpendicular to beam propagation. Using the described strategy, it was possible to measure a focus size of 603±103nm and 668 ± 114nm, limited by control issues experienced during measurements.
Development of 150 Mpixel lens-coupled X-ray imaging detectors equipped with diffusion-free transparent scintillators based on an analytical optimization approach
Authors: Kameshima Takashi , Hatsui Takaki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
X-ray microscopy experiments at synchrotron radiation facilities generally require X-ray imaging detectors with high spatial resolution and a wide field of view. For such purposes, lens-coupled X-ray imaging detectors are widely used. The SPring-8 X-ray microscopy beamlines require detectors that satisfy a 200 nm spatial resolution and over 50 mm field of view. We have carried out a systematic optical design based on an analytical optimization approach and elucidated that a set of five detector systems is able to meet these requirements. Their objective lenses have magnifications of 20x, 7x, 5.2x, 3.5x, and 1x. All the systems are designed to be equipped with 150 Mpixel CMOS image sensors. To verify our optimization approach, we have built a detector system with a magnification of 3.5x. The detector has successfully resolved 1.2 µm line-and-space patterns for the entire field of view, which is close to the optical diffraction-limited resolving power of 1.0 µm line-and-space patterns.
An integrated system for user-friendly X-ray intensity attenuation in a wide energy range
Authors: Lin Cheng-Yuan , Wang Chen-An , Chiang Liang-Chih , Yeh Yi-Qi , Su Chun-Jen , Liao Kuei-Fen , Shih Orion , Wu Wei-Ru , Chang Je-Wei , Liang Cheng-Chih , Lee Te-Hui , Huang Yen-Chih , Mansel Bradley , Jeng U-Ser 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For undulator hard X-ray beamlines of a wide energy range, the beam intensity control is often needed to regulate the photon flux impinging on delicate detectors. Despite the capability of state-of-the-art X-ray pixel detectors being greatly advanced recently, the frontier undulator beamlines in synchrotron facilities often carry outstanding photon fluxes that are sometimes too high for certain measurements. Here, we report a developed protocol that allows intensity attenuation of an X-ray beam in the 4-23 keV energy range with flexible attenuation factors; a prototype is installed and tested on the 13A biological small-angle X-ray scattering beamline of the 3 GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) of the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan. The intensity attenuation system is modified from a commercially available pneumatically actuated, vacuum-type precision X-ray attenuator of ADC ABS-300; the system provides beam attenuation factors covering 8 orders of intensity attenuation for an X-ray beam in 4-23 keV. This was achieved with selected combinations of 10 sets of metal foils comprising different thicknesses of Al, Ti, Cu, and Ta foils. A user-friendly protocol is established to automatically compare a subscribed attenuation factor with all the possible attenuation factors from the 1024 combinations of the 10 sets of foils in the X-ray energy used, and determine a set of the metal foils having a best-matched attenuation factor. Calculation of beam intensity attenuations with the selected foils is coded with Python and integrated into the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). The input of an attenuation factor is done through a graphical display of the attenuator system based on the Control System Studio (CSS). The developed X-ray beam attenuation system provides a convenient and intuitive beam intensity control and has the potential to be adopted in future beamlines.
Combining diagnostics, modeling, and control systems for automated alignment of the TES beamline
Authors: Nash B. , Abell D.T. , Nagler R. , Moeller P. , Keilman M. , Pogorelov I. , Goldring N. , Rakitin M. , Lynch J. , Giles A. , Walter A. , Maldonado J. , Morris T. , Bak S. , Du Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
X-ray beamlines are essential components of all synchrotron light sources. Practical operations involve frequent variation in beamline component positions and orientation, particularly when photon beam parameters shift due to experimental needs, or due to variations in the incoming photon beam. The alignment process can be time consuming and takes away from valuable beam time for experimental data collection. We describe progress in the automation of certain alignment tasks on the tender-energy X-ray spectroscopy (TES) beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II). The beamline is controlled using the BlueSky software in which high level experimental plans guide the beamline components during an experiment. Numerous software packages exist for beamline modeling, and they may be tied to the beamline control system using a package we are continuing to develop called Sirepo-Bluesky. The photon beam distribution may be measured with fluorescent screens, and a relation between beam and machine state can be found by varying the mirror and aperture settings over a multi-dimensional range. We describe the results of such parameter varying measurements and how we are combining Sirepo-Bluesky with machine learning methods and reduced models to automate mirror alignment on the TES beamline.
Magnetic Sample Environment for in-situ SAXS/WAXS Measurements on Magnetic Nanoparticles with Shape Anisotropy
Authors: Skroblin D , Cibik L , Klemke B , Deumer J , Gollwitzer C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A vacuum-compatible magnetic sample environment has been developed and installed at the four-crystal monochromator beamline of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II in Berlin, Germany. The design is based on a water-cooled electromagnetic coil setup and is aimed to provide a magnetic flux density of up to 900 mT at the sample position. The magnetic field is applied in order to align or arrange magnetic nanoparticles which can then be measured using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). This can be beneficial in the analysis of particles with arbitrary shape. The corresponding scattering patterns are collected as 2D images on vacuum-compatible variants of the PILATUS 1M and PILATUS 100K detectors.
Spectral shape of resonant x-ray magnetic diffraction from GdAl2
Authors: Adachi H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have numerically examined the spectral shape of the ratio of the intensity variation upon the magnetization reversal for the 444 reflection of the ferromagnetic intermetallic compound GdAl2 in the vicinity of the Gd L
2 edge and succeeded in roughly reproducing the experimental spectra for two different magnetization directions simultaneously. The main features of the spectral shape are described in terms of the conventional dispersion effects and the resonant magnetic scattering of electric dipole transitions.
Microstructure-texture-micro-strain evolution during tensile deformation of α+β titanium alloy using in-situ Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and CPFEM simulation
Authors: Ghosh Atasi , Jain Roopam , Brokmeier Heinz-Guenther , Gurao Nilesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The evolution of micro-strain and crystallographic texture of each phase of α+β Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy generated during tensile deformation has been estimated numerically and then compared with the experimental results. It has been carried out based on the Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Model (CPFEM) simulation of the stress-strain curve till the uniform elongation for the equiaxed microstructure is generated synthetically. The synthetic microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V has been developed using the microstructure feature parameters (such as grain size, phase fraction, and grain orientation). The polycrystal stress-strain behaviour for the same has been simulated using the representative orientation distribution function data obtained from the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) scans. The present investigation discusses the mechanism of strain-partitioning during uniform elongation using CPFEM simulation in conjunction with EBSD-based experimental misorientation data to rationalize our observation.
Quality assessment of induction furnace control for biomass ash fusibility determination
Authors: Lis S , Tomasik M , Szul T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The quality of the control of an induction furnace for the determination of ash meltability at high temperature by the tube method was evaluated. For this purpose, the dynamic characteristics of the control object were measured and recorded on the test stand. The characteristics was the basis for developing a simulation model of the object. This model was tuned and its correspondence to the object was confirmed by computer simulation. Based on this model simulation models of the control system were created in the configuration with controllers, parallel PID and PID+DD. During subsequent computer simulations, control parameters were determined and the effect of the noise signal on the modelled system was evaluated. To evaluate the quality of the control, integral quality indices were used.
Identification of the degree of load on the farm tractor operator in the spatial structure of the treated field
Authors: Kiełbasa P. , Zagórda M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to spatially identify the degree of mental fatigue of a farm tractor operator within the experimental field during grain sowing. In addition, to determine possible relationships between field space conditions and operator mental workload. The study was conducted on a John Deere 6210R tractor aggregated with a Horsch Pronto 4D seeder. The operator operated the tractor's on-board computer, the seeder's control computer, and a Trimble CFX-750 satellite navigation system. The mental workload of the tractor operator was monitored using a Muse 2 headband. The headband allows monitoring of brainwave activity, position and acceleration of the operator's head movements, and heart rate. It was found that the average value of attention was as high as 58% and was characteristic for seeding in the central part of the field (yellow) and in the north-western part of the field. The areas that required a much higher level of operator concentration (about 80%) were located in the southeastern part of the field and in the western part of the field. The applied research methodology allowed to generate spatial maps of the operator's level of mental engagement and thus to locate the value of mental engagement in a specific area of the field. On the basis of maps of spatial variation of the level of attention engagement by the operator, it is possible to generate information on which parts of the field on the farm will require special attention.
Investigation of flood embankment seepage using logistic regression with ICA
Authors: Kozłowski E , Król K , Niderla K , Rymarczyk T 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the application of logistic regression with the use of ICA to detect leakages and leakages in flood embankments. As a result of the study, a model analysis was carried out where electrical impedance tomography tests were performed for one and for two rows of electrodes. For the results obtained, it was possible to verify the evaluation of the usefulness of the algorithms in the reconstruction of images derived from electrical impedance tomography. The proposed solution is a method that is non-invasive, and thus the embankment does not have to be destroyed for testing. Additionally, it should be emphasised that it is suitable for spatial imaging. The presented solution is a non-invasive method for assessing the structure of embankments, which is well suited for spatial imaging. The implemented algorithm shows promise in image reconstruction.
Identification of surface defects using deep and transfer learning
Authors: Kłosowski G , Kulisz M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to employ a previously trained (pre-trained) convolutional neural network called Resnet101 in conjunction with deep machine learning approaches in order to construct an algorithm for classifying cracks in the photos that were evaluated. Adjustments were made to the ultimate layer, which resulted in the fully connected layer being altered. Specifically, the basic 1000-output fully connected layer in Resnet101 was replaced with a binary-classification layer, which consisted of two categories: an image with cracks and an image without cracks. In this study, we investigate whether or not it is possible to use deep neural networks to accomplish the rapid and entirely automated detection of flaws by utilizing analyzed photographs as the data source. The research that was done led to the discovery that a pre-trained convolutional neural network that makes use of support vector machines to train a fully connected layer is quite an efficient option, and that the acquired forecasting algorithm allows the categorization of faults with extremely good accuracy. The proposed classification algorithm is 99 percent efficient. In material inspection tasks, this idea can be used to find cracks and other flaws in the material, such as those that could be found in a number of public structures like buildings, roads, and bridges.
Concentration measurement of coloured solution using optofluidic approach
Authors: Dali M.R.M. , Robi F.I.M. , Ahmad K.A. , Muhammad Z. , Omar A.F. , Sulaiman M.S. , Rahman M.F.A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In analytical process, measurement of concentration of solution based on colorimetric sensing is normally performed using commercial devices such as colorimeter and spectrophotometer. This approach has several disadvantages such as involving a large volume of reagent and analyte during testing and measurement, unextendible and expensive. Such problem can be solved by replicating its function using a simple optofluidic device with capability of carrying out colorimetric testing with low volume of analyte and reagent. Other benefits of optofluidic devices platforms includes ability to be expanded for automated sensing and mixing for various analytical based reaction. The measurement device works based on the absorbance of absorbance of light, which is related to Beer-Lambert law principles with LED and photodiode as its main optical components. The samples were prepared for concentration ranges between 0.2 to 2.0 M for testing. As a result, it is observed that these concentrations produce a linear voltage calibration curve with correlation coefficient, R2
equal to 0.9944. By using the obtained calibration curve, the final absorbance calculation gives an acceptable linear absorbance concentration with R2
equal to 0.9751 for the tested samples. As a conclusion, these microfluidic platforms not only have a good measurement performance, but also have advantages in terms of its portability and have potential to be implemented for real time application.
Ex-situ doping of ZnO structures as potential random lasers
Authors: Azmi Atiqah Nabieha , Yong Pung Swee , Ahmad Kamil Wan Maryam Wan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were formed on a glass substrate using chemical bath deposition (CBD) method for three hours at 96 °C. Doping of aluminum (Al) was realised by dipping into aluminum nitrate solution. XRD spectra shows reduced (002) peak related to the crystallinity of the synthesized ZnO with increasing doping concentrations. Doping with 35 mM exhibited highest Al concentration of 11.78 %. An apparent shift in bandgap energy with increasing doping concentration provides further evidence of doping occurring in the sample. Random lasing was observed at a pumping threshold of 9.0 mW and spectral width of 1.09 nm. Overall results indicate promising potential for random lasing to occur in ZnO nanorods doped under ex-situ doping conditions.