bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of biology and morphometrics of two different species of Earias on okra crop
Authors: Sheoran Sindhu , Kalkal Deepika , Rolania Krishna , Kumar Rakesh , Kumari Pritam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOkra shoot and fruit borers, Earias insulana and Earias vittella are the major pests of economically important crops like okra and cotton. It is important to understand pest biology and ecology before initiating control measures, however little is known about their comparative biology on okra. Therefore, we studied biometrics of E. insulana and E. vittella in laboratory conditions on okra fruits and recorded the duration of different life stages along with their morphological parameters, to differentiate both the species. Oviposition was comparable in both species, however, incubation period and oviposition period was shorter in E. vittella. Although incubation, oviposition, post-oviposition period were at par in both the species, but there was a significant difference in larval and pupa periods. Total life cycle being comparable in both species, the larval period was significantly longer in case of E. insulana (13.8 days), while its pupal period (8.5 days) was significantly shorter in comparision to E. vittella (9.9 days). Sex ratio in E. insulana and E. vittella was recorded as 1:0.72 and 1: 0.61 (male: female) respectively. Both species were slightly different in terms of their morphological parameters. This study provides basic knowledge about the biology of these pests that may be helpful while formulating IPM strategies against them in okra as well as cotton.
Zinc solubilizing bacteria synergize the effect of zinc sulfate on growth, yield and grain zinc content of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad , Hafeez Fauzia Yusuf , Malik Imran Riaz , Rauf Abdur , Jan Farooq , Khan Ikramullah , Ijaz Iram , Elsadek Mohamed Farouk , Ali Muhammad Ajmal , Rashid Kamran , Muzammal Muhammad , Munir Muhammad , Khan Nasr Ullah , Mohibullah Muhammad , Yasin Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractZinc solubilizing bacteria inhabiting root endosphere possesses great potential to enhance plant yield by solubilizing the nutrients. The potential of Zn solubilizing bacteria Bacillus sp. SH-10 and Bacillus cereus SH-17 to improve yield and grain zinc content of rice was investigated under different regimes of individual and co-inoculation in the presence and absence of chemical fertilizer zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). The strains were applied to the rice varieties basmati 385 and super basmati under field conditions for two consecutive years. A significantly improved growth of rice plants, such as plant height (102–118 cm), number of tillers per plant (8.5–11.5), chlorophyll content (29.5–35.1), zinc requiring enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (396–570 per gram fresh weight (g−1 FW)), carbonic anhydrase activity (CA) (10–15.06 U g−1 FW) and grain yield (3.0–3.8 tons ha−1), was observed in the plants inoculated with Bacillus sp. in the presence of chemical fertilizer (ZnSO4). Consortium of zinc solubilizing bacteria also caused higher grain Zn content (25.0–30.5 mg kg−1) of the rice varieties basmati 385 and super basmati as compared to that of un-inoculated plants. Hence, it can be concluded that Zn solubilizing bacteria has immense potential to be used as agricultural crop inoculants as they synergize the effect of chemical Zn, increase yield and improve the nutritional value of crops.
A machine learning approach for predicting hurricane evacuee destination location using smartphone location data
Authors: Anyidoho Prosper K. , Ju Xinglong , Davidson Rachel A. , Nozick Linda K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEvacuation destination choice modeling is an integral aspect of evacuation planning. Outputs from such models are required to estimate the clearance times on which evacuation orders are based. The number of evacuees arriving at each destination also informs allocation of resources and shelter planning. Despite its importance, evacuee destination modeling has not received as much attention as identifying who evacuates and when. In this study, we present a new approach to identify evacuees and determine where they go and when using privacy-enhanced smartphone location data. We demonstrate the method using data from four recent U.S. hurricanes affecting multiple geographies (Florence 2018, Michael 2018, Dorian 2019, and Ida 2021). We then build on those results to develop a new machine learning model that predicts the number of evacuees that move between pairs of metropolitan statistical areas. The machine learning model incorporates hurricane characteristics, which have not been thoroughly exploited by existing methods. The model’s predictive power is comprehensively evaluated through a tenfold cross validation, holdout validation using Hurricane Ida (2021), and comparison with the traditional gravity model. Results suggest that the new model substantially outperforms the traditional gravity model across all performance indicators. Analysis of feature importance in the machine learning model indicates that in addition to distance and population, hurricane characteristics are important in evacuee destination choices.
Subverting the selective tradition? A self-exploration of text selection in pre-service teacher education
Authors: Quick Joanne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChildren’s literature can be both a reflective mirror to readers’ lives and a window to new worlds, making teachers’ selection of texts for students an important professional activity. Researchers have consistently found that teachers’ choices of literature contain limited representations of ethnicities, cultures, and disabilities, and reinforce gender stereotypes. Teacher educators, when working with pre-service teachers in university settings, utilize children’s literature for literary, critical, and cultural pedagogical purposes. However, teacher educators rarely interrogate their text selections to explore patterns of representation, identity, and power. This paper describes and discusses a self-study into five children’s picture books selected for modeling aspects of early literacy teaching in a pre-service teacher education unit. Critical content analysis was used to explore representation, identity, and power in the texts. The analysis showed some connections with trends found in research into early years and school teachers’ selective traditions in the use of an older text and two texts without human characters. Other findings differed; agentive female characters, together with some variation of social, cultural, and ethnic groups and lives, were depicted in the three texts with human characters, likely because of the author’s own bias towards expanding representation in texts. This article reports on an example of one teacher educator’s selective literary tradition and shows how the texts used in education settings represent windows to specific worlds rather than standing in for “diversity.” It makes suggestions for other educators interested in interrogating their text selections and invites dialog with other educators about representation, identity, and power in the texts they teach with.
Remain useful life forecasting for roller bearings using sparse auto-encoder
Authors: Tang Yifeng , Xu Fan , Xu Lu , Zhou Chao , Deng Yaling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA method based on sparse auto-encoder (SAE) in deep learning (DL) for roller bearings remain useful life (RUL) prediction is presented in this paper. Firstly, the roller bearings vibration signals were calculated by different time and frequency domain factors, in which reflect the vibration signals information well. Therefore, the time and frequency domain features were regarded as the input of SAE, then the SAE model in deep learning was used to extract the features through several hidden layers and the sigmoid function was selected as the output function for calculate the prediction value. Finally, compared with other different prediction methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), back propagation (BP) neural network and random forest (RF), the performance of SAE is better than that those models by using mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) these two indicators.
Evoregions of fleas and their small mammalian hosts: Do they coincide?
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Shenbrot Georgy I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCombining the biogeography and phylogenetic patterns of parasite-host associations allows a better understanding of the history of parasite–host interactions, which can be achieved via biogeographic regionalization incorporating phylogenetic information. Recently, the concepts of evoregions (regions where a majority of species evolved from one or several ancestors inhabiting these regions) and evolutionary transition zones (regions of high phylogenetic turnover) have been proposed, coupled with a classification approach for these concepts. We applied this approach to 206 flea species and 265 host species of the Palearctic and aimed to identify evoregions and evolutionary transition zones for both fleas and hosts and to understand whether these evoregions and transition zones match each other. We identified 5 evoregions with 3 transition zones for either fleas or hosts, but neither the positions and boundaries of the flea and host evoregions nor the transition zones coincided. Indications of multiple geographic centres of diversification of the same flea lineages suggested that (a) the common evolutionary history of fleas and hosts was characterized by multiple events other than codiversification and that (b) dispersal played an important role in flea and host assemblies. Barriers to dispersal could be represented by landscape features (deserts and mountain ranges) and/or climate differences.
The representative capacity of interest groups: explaining how issue features shape membership involvement when establishing policy positions
Authors: Albareda Adrià , Fraussen Bert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInterest groups are key intermediary actors that communicate societal interests and preferences to public officials. Given public officials’ reliance on interest groups’ input in public policy processes, it is essential to understand how groups establish policy positions and assess the democratic nature of this process. Focusing on the leadership perspective, this article examines how interest groups involve their membership base in the process of defining their policy positions. The article relies on qualitative data from interviews with the leaders of interest groups active at the EU level and the statutes of these organizations. The findings show that the nature of policy issues under discussion and unequal resources of members lead to biased membership involvement in policy position-taking. While leaders are aware of these dynamics, their efforts to mitigate unequal participation seem limited, which raises questions about the representative potential of interest groups and the legitimacy of their policy claims.
Exploring the relationship of working memory to the temporal distribution of pausing and revision behaviors during L2 writing
Authors: Révész Andrea , Michel Marije , Lee Minjin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examined the extent to which L2 writers with varied working memory display differential pausing and revision behaviors at different periods during writing. The participants were 30 advanced Chinese L2 users of English, who wrote an argumentative essay. While composing, participants’ keystrokes and eye-gaze movements were recorded to capture their pausing, revision, and eye-gaze behaviors. The working memory battery included tests of phonological and visual short-term memory and executive functions. We divided the writing process into five equal periods. The results revealed that participants’ pausing and revision patterns were consistent with previous findings that planning, linguistic encoding, and monitoring processes dominate the initial, middle, and later composing periods, respectively. Various working memory components had differential effects on pausing depending on period, largely reflecting the predictions of Kellogg’s (1996, 2001) model. However, we identified no differences in the temporal distribution of revision behaviors contingent on working memory.
All that glitters is not pyrite: A geochemical assessment of iron-ore objects used by the Classic Maya
Authors: Barrientos Q. Tomás , Sandoval Andrea , Iizuka Yoshiyuki , Carías P. Tanya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDifferent types of iron ore and pyrite were used to craft a wide variety of reflective artifacts in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, including “mirrors,” pectorals, necklaces, and dental inlays, among others. In the Maya region, most of these have only been visually assessed, without using analytical techniques. Consequently, our understanding of the diversity of raw materials used in artifact production has been limited. This article presents preliminary results from a pilot study aiming to identify the raw materials used in the manufacture of different reflective objects from a small sample of finds from the sites of La Corona and Cancuen, located in Guatemala, through the use of scanning electron microscopy with EDS detectors (SEM-EDS), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. Although further analyses are needed to confirm the representativeness of the sample, these results indicate the use of hematite and goethite (iron oxides), but not pyrite (iron sulfide). This study also shows how improved knowledge of raw material use can elicit previously unknown patterns of distribution and exchange, and highlight patterns of inter- and intrasite variability in the production, use, and exchange of reflective objects over time in the Maya region throughout the Classic period.
Taking gains from trade (more) seriously: the effects of consumer perspective on free trade in contemporary Japan
Authors: Woo Yujin , Kume Ikuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhy do people's preferences towards trade liberalization fluctuate? And why do we observe the eventual return of public support towards free trade? The traditional literature in international political economy has typically calculated individuals' preferences based on their comparative advantage as income-earners, which arises from their specific or general skill level or employment status. What needs to be taken into account, however, is that their economic preferences are constructed based upon their intertwined identities as both income-earners and consumers. We designed and conducted an experiment in Japan (2015) that would impartially elicit answers regarding respondents' daily consumption patterns or (and) employment concerns rather than deliberately or artificially informing them of the potential benefits or harms of trade liberalization. The results display that consumer priming offsets negative impacts arising from employment priming. The consumer effect reduces individuals' concerns on income level or employment when they are exposed to consumer and employment primings simultaneously. Furthermore, our subgroup analyses reveal that the consumer effect remains even among those experiencing economic fragility such as low income or job insecurity. This suggests that potential losers have incentives to support free trade by appreciating consumer benefits.
The Worst or the Best Treaty? Analysing the Equitable and Reasonable Utilization Principle in the Legal Arrangements of the Helmand River
Authors: NAGHEEBY Mohsen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAfter protracted conflicts, Afghanistan and Iran agreed on a treaty in 1973 to share the waters of the Helmand River. However, this legal arrangement became a source of controversy over its equitable and reasonable utilization principle. The 1973 Helmand River Water Treaty reflects a history of legal and political controversy and strongly contrasting views, with some labelling it the “worst” treaty and others the “best”. This paper scrutinizes the history of legal arrangements of the Helmand River within its underlying political context to search for evidence of the aforementioned equitable and reasonable utilization principle. The findings indicate that the 1973 Treaty provides a grey space for legality and illegality, being a greatly restricted instrument to uphold the principle of equity. Examination of the principle of equity in the 1973 Treaty contributes to developing constructive controversy over the Helmand River and offers valuable lessons for other international watercourses facing similar challenges.
C. C. Li and Quasi-Random Mating
Authors: Stark Alan E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA simple model by which Hardy-Weinberg proportions are attained in a single generation while maintaining gene frequencies is stated and illustrated. The title ‘Quasi-random mating’ is proposed. Confusion about the Hardy-Weinberg principle can be avoided only if there is clear separation between the basic deterministic model and factors influencing a population’s structure. Eighty years passed before C. C. Li coined the term ‘pseudo-random mating’. The lesson taught by Li has not been taken on board.
Heatwave Characteristics in the Recent Climate and at Different Global Warming Levels: A Multimodel Analysis at the Global Scale
Authors: Al‐Yaari A. , Zhao Y. , Cheruy F. , Thiery W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe representation of heatwaves (HWs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models is analyzed. This study (a) evaluates the performance of CMIP6 simulations against global reanalysis and observations regarding time‐ and intensity‐related criteria and (b) investigates how HWs are projected to change at different global warming levels (GWLs). During 1979–2014, the dispersion of the models is comparable to the observational uncertainty for the time indices (duration, frequency, number of events). It is of the order of one event per year, 1 day for the duration of the events and 2 days for the frequency, with tendencies for over‐ or underestimation, depending on the reference data set and the region considered. For the HW magnitude, the models' dispersion can reach 15°C for a given region and is significantly higher than the observational uncertainty. The mean intensity of HWs tends to be overestimated, which is partly attributed to overly pronounced drying of the soil during HW events. The contribution of the soil moisture anomaly to the temperature anomaly during recent specific HWs is shown to reach up to 30% of the signal. For a given GWL, intensification of HW occurrence, spatial extension, and duration is detected worldwide, but it is modulated at the regional scale and strongly model dependent. For time‐related indices, tropical regions and the Arabian Peninsula will be most impacted, but the maximum temperature will strongly increase in mid‐latitude regions. Time–space analyses of the evolution of HW properties for a given GWL are discussed.
Upland Hillslope Groundwater Subsidy Affects Low‐Flow Storage–Discharge Relationship
Authors: Li Hongyi , Ameli Ali A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale cross‐site scientific synthesis on low‐flow storage–discharge relation can promote developing transferable hypotheses on the interactions among critical zone attributes and on how such interactions affect catchments’ water vulnerabilities. This study leverages cross‐site empirical and theoretical analyses and develops a similarity index, based on the interactions among critical zone attributes, to help determine the less‐explored influence of upland hillslope groundwater subsidy on storage–discharge relation. We show that an increase in the relative extent of upland hillslope groundwater subsidy to low‐flow discharge, occurring through deep slow low‐moving (e.g., bedrock) storage unit, leads to (a) an increase in the nonlinearity of low‐flow discharge sensitivity to storage (β1) and (b) an increase in the convexity of low‐flow storage–discharge relation. Our findings also raise new hypotheses on the applicability of Boussinesq‐based hydraulic groundwater theory at low‐flow condition. Empirical results show that in a portion of our study catchments, particularly in those with a relatively small extent of upland hillslope groundwater subsidy, the theory’s proposed range of nonlinearity sufficiently explains the nonlinearity of low‐flow storage–discharge relation. However, in catchments with a strong influence of upland hillslope groundwater subsidy through deep slow‐moving storage unit, the current state of hydraulic groundwater theory, using one single (non)linear representative storage unit, may not be sufficient to explain the large nonlinearity and convexity of low‐flow storage–discharge relation (or the long tail of hydrograph late recession). Considering β1 informs the low‐flow vulnerability of catchments, the findings of this study deepen and generalize our understanding of where low‐flow discharge is vulnerable to storage’s change.
Accelerating the Renewable Energy Revolution to Get Back to the Holocene
Authors: Abbott Benjamin W. , Abrahamian Chelsea , Newbold Nicholas , Smith Peter , Merritt Marina , Sayedi Sayedeh Sara , Bekker Jeremy , Greenhalgh Mitchell , Gilbert Sophie , King Michalea , Lopez Gabriel , Zimmermann Nils , Breyer Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe UN's Paris Agreement goal of keeping global warming between 1.5 and 2°C is dangerously obsolete and needs to be replaced by a commitment to restore Earth's climate. We now know that continued use of fossil fuels associated with 1.5–2°C scenarios would result in hundreds of millions of pollution deaths and likely trigger multiple tipping elements in the Earth system. Unexpected advances in renewable power production and storage have radically expanded our climate response capacity. The cost of renewable technologies has plummeted at least 30‐year faster than projected, and renewables now dominate energy investment and growth. This renewable revolution creates an opportunity and responsibility to raise our climate ambitions. Rather than aiming for climate mitigation—making things less bad—we should commit to climate restoration—a rapid return to Holocene‐like climate conditions where we know humanity and life on Earth can thrive. Based on observed and projected energy system trends, we estimate that the global economy could reach zero emissions by 2040 and potentially return atmospheric CO2 to pre‐industrial levels by 2100–2150. However, this would require an intense and sustained rollout of renewable energy and negative emissions technologies on very large scales. We describe these clean electrification scenarios and outline technical and socioeconomic strategies that would increase the likelihood of restoring a Holocene‐like climate in the next 100 years. We invite researchers, policymakers, regulators, educators, and citizens in all countries to share and promote this positive message of climate restoration for human wellbeing and planetary stability.