bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Managers Do Good with Other People’s Money?
Authors: Cheng Ing-Haw , Hong Harrison , Shue Kelly 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There is mixed evidence on whether the marginal dollar spent on corporate social responsibility is due to agency problems. We propose an approach by modeling how the 2003 dividend tax cut, which increased after-tax insider ownership and better aligned managerial and shareholder interests, affected the marginal dollar spent on firm responsibility. We confirm key predictions of our agency model: following the tax cut, moderate insider-ownership firms experience larger declines in their responsibility ratings and increases in their valuations relative to other firms. We also confirm another implication regarding managerial misalignment using a regression-discontinuity design of close votes on shareholder-governance proposals. (JEL G30, G31, G35)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: II. Assessments
Authors: Sturm Emily T , Thomas Michael L , Sares Anastasia G , Dave Subodh , Baron David , Compton Michael T , Palmer Barton W , Jester Dylan J , Jeste Dilip V 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSocial determinants of health (SDoHs) impact the development and course of schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders (SSPDs). Yet, we found no published scholarly reviews of psychometric properties and pragmatic utility of SDoH assessments among people with SSPDs. We aim to review those aspects of SDoH assessments.Study DesignPsychInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were examined to obtain data on reliability, validity, administration process, strengths, and limitations of the measures for SDoHs identified in a paired scoping review.Study ResultsSDoHs were assessed using different approaches including self-reports, interviews, rating scales, and review of public databases. Of the major SDoHs, early-life adversities, social disconnection, racism, social fragmentation, and food insecurity had measures with satisfactory psychometric properties. Internal consistency reliabilities—evaluated in the general population for 13 measures of early-life adversities, social disconnection, racism, social fragmentation, and food insecurity—ranged from poor to excellent (0.68–0.96). The number of items varied from 1 to more than 100 and administration time ranged from less than 5 minutes to over an hour. Measures of urbanicity, low socioeconomic status, immigration status, homelessness/housing instability, and incarceration were based on public records or targeted sampling.ConclusionsAlthough the reported assessments of SDoHs show promise, there is a need to develop and test brief but validated screening measures suitable for clinical application. Novel assessment tools, including objective assessments at individual and community levels utilizing new technology, and sophisticated psychometric evaluations for reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change with effective interventions are recommended, and suggestions for training curricula are offered.
Prevention of First-Episode Psychosis in People at Clinical High Risk: A Randomized Controlled, Multicentre Trial Comparing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Clinical Management Plus Low-Dose Aripiprazole or Placebo (PREVENT)
Authors: Bechdolf Andreas , Müller Hendrik , Hellmich Martin , de Millas Walter , Falkai Peter , Gaebel Wolfgang , Gallinat Jürgen , Hasan Alkomiet , Heinz Andreas , Janssen Birgit , Juckel Georg , Karow Anne , Krüger-Özgürdal Seza , Lambert Martin , Maier Wolfgang , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Pützfeld Verena , Rausch Franziska , Schneider Frank , Stützer Hartmut , Wobrock Thomas , Wagner Michael , Zink Mathias , Klosterkötter Joachim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
There is limited knowledge of whether cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) should be recommended as the first-line treatment in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHRp).

Hypothesis
To examine whether individual treatment arms are superior to placebo and whether CBT is non-inferior to SGAs in preventing psychosis over 12 months of treatment.

Study Design
PREVENT was a blinded, 3-armed, randomized controlled trial comparing CBT to clinical management plus aripiprazole (CM + ARI) or plus placebo (CM + PLC) at 11 CHRp services. The primary outcome was transition to psychosis at 12 months. Analyses were by intention-to-treat.

Study Results
Two hundred eighty CHRp individuals were randomized: 129 in CBT, 96 in CM + ARI, and 55 in CM + PLC. In week 52, 21 patients in CBT, 19 in CM + ARI, and 7 in CM + PLC had transitioned to psychosis, with no significant differences between treatment arms (P = .342). Psychopathology and psychosocial functioning levels improved in all treatment arms, with no significant differences.

Conclusions
The analysis of the primary outcome transition to psychosis at 12 months and secondary outcomes symptoms and functioning did not demonstrate significant advantages of the active treatments over placebo. The conclusion is that within this trial, neither low-dose aripiprazole nor CBT offered additional benefits over clinical management and placebo.
Liver‐derived FGF21 is required for the effect of time‐restricted feeding on high‐fat diet‐induced fatty liver in mice
Authors: Hua Lun , Li Jing , Yang Yi , Jiang Dandan , Jiang Xuemei , Han Xingfa , Chao Jin , Feng Bin , Che Lianqiang , Xu Shengyu , Lin Yan , Li Jian , Fang Zhengfeng , Sun Mengmeng , Du Senyan , Luo Ting , Wu De , Zhuo Yong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which leads to insulin resistance, steatosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma, is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, however, effective treatment is still lacking. This study determined the role of liver FGF21 and the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of time‐restricted feeding (TRF) in NAFLD. FGF21 liver knockout (FGF21 LKO) mice and C57BL/6 wild‐type (WT) mice were fed either a normal or a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Mice with diet‐induced obesity (DIO) were also used. The mice were fed either ad libitum or in a time‐restricted manner. Serum FGF21 levels were significantly increased after 16 weeks of TRF. TRF prevented body weight gain, improved glucose homeostasis, and protected against high‐fat diet‐induced hepatosteatosis and liver damage. The expression of genes related to liver lipogenesis and inflammation was reduced in TRF mice, but the expression of genes involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation was increased. However, those beneficial effects of TRF were blunted in the FGF21 LKO mice. Moreover, TRF promoted improvements in insulin sensitivity and liver damage in DIO mice. Our data show that liver FGF21 signaling was involved in the effect of TRF on high‐fat diet‐induced fatty liver.
Original Research: Nurses' Experiences with Racial, Ethnic, Cultural, and Religious Discrimination in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Saadi Altaf , Taleghani Sophia , Dillard Attallah , Ryan Gery , Heilemann MarySue , Eisenman David 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
As the health care workforce diversifies, understanding and addressing the lived experiences of health care professionals facing prejudice and discrimination becomes increasingly important. Previous studies have focused on physicians and medical trainees, but there remains a dearth of research exploring nurses' experiences—even though nurses make up the largest sector of the nation's health care workforce.

Objective:
This qualitative study explored nurses' experiences of personally mediated workplace discrimination based on race, ethnicity, culture, or religion.

Methods:
We conducted in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of 15 RNs at one academic medical center. Using an inductive thematic analysis approach, we identified several themes emerging from RNs' experiences and responses to a discriminatory event (“encounter”). Themes were grouped across three phases: pre-encounter, encounter, and post-encounter.

Results:
Participants reported wide-ranging experiences, from insensitive joking to overt exclusion, coming from various people including patients, patients' family members, colleagues, and physicians. For many, discrimination was cumulative: similar encounters occurred outside the workplace as well as within the clinical setting, often repeatedly, and were influenced by the sociopolitical context. Participants reported a variety of responses, including emotional reactions such as shock, fear of retaliation, and frustration at being expected to represent one's identity group. Silence or inaction predominated bystander and supervisor responses. Although the encounters themselves were fleeting, their impact was enduring. Early-career encounters were most challenging, and participants grappled internally with lasting effects for years. Long-term effects included avoidance of perpetrators, disconnection from colleagues and their own professional role, and leaving the workplace.

Conclusions:
The findings illuminate nurses' experiences with racial, ethnic, cultural, and religious discrimination in the workplace. Understanding how such discrimination affects nurses is critical to developing effective responses to encounters, creating safer workplaces, and promoting equity within the profession.
Secondary Cytoreductive Surgery With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Advanced or Recurrent Mucinous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Conley Aliyah B. , Fournier Keith F. , Sood Anil K. , Frumovitz Michael 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Advanced or recurrent primary mucinous ovarian cancer is typically incurable and associated with short progression-free and overall survival when treated with standard chemotherapy. Novel approaches are desperately needed for women with this disease.

CASES:
Two patients with advanced or recurrent primary mucinous ovarian cancer were treated with secondary cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). No additional chemotherapy was administered postoperatively. Both patients achieved a complete and durable response, with no evidence of recurrence at 21 and 27 months, respectively, after CRS with HIPEC.

CONCLUSION:
Secondary CRS with HIPEC represents a potential therapeutic option for women with recurrent primary mucinous ovarian cancer.
Associations Between Technology Use, Responsive Feeding, and Child Temperament Among Prior Prenatal Intervention Participants
Authors: Ventura Alison K. , Hart Chantelle N. , Phelan Suzanne , Jelalian Elissa , Wing Rena R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:

Objectives:
The primary objective was to examine associations between mothers' television and mobile device (TV/MD) use and responsive feeding during an observed mother-toddler mealtime interaction. The secondary objective was to assess whether dimensions of child temperament were associated with mothers' TV/MD use.

Methods:
Participants from a prenatal lifestyle intervention trial to prevent excess gestational weight gain among women with overweight and obesity (N = 77) were observed during a dinner-time meal when their children were aged 19.4 ± 0.9 months. Trained video coders used the Responsiveness to Child Feeding Cues Scale to rate child strength of early/subtle, positive active, and negative active satiation cues and maternal responsiveness to these cues. Coders also recorded mothers' use of TV/MD. Child temperament was reported by mothers through the Infant Behavior Questionnaire–Revised Very Short Form.

Results:
Twelve percent (n = 9) of mothers used TV/MD during the mealtime interaction. Children whose mothers used TV/MD exhibited stronger early/subtle cues (4.1 ± 0.4) compared with children whose mothers did not use TV/MD (3.4 ± 0.2; p = 0.04). Mothers who used TV/MD exhibited significantly lower responsiveness to child satiation cues (2.0 ± 0.4) than those who did not use TV/MD (3.4 ± 0.2; p = 0.001). Greater child temperamental negative affectivity was associated with a greater likelihood of maternal TV/MD use (OR = 4.80, 95% CI = 1.21, 19.03).

Conclusion:
Mothers' TV/MD use was associated with greater child temperamental negative affectivity and lower responsiveness to child cues.
Through the Webcam: Impact of Telehealth on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Fellowship Training
Authors: Hung Kimberly T. , Branch Jacqueline M. , McManus Mark D. , Brown Miraides , Langkamp Diane L. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine how fellowship program directors (PDs) and their fellows perceived the impact of telehealth on fellowship education in developmental behavioral pediatrics (DBP) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Two surveys were designed targeting DBP PDs and fellows and were distributed by e-mail from January to May 2021. Surveys consisted of closed-ended and open-ended questions about telehealth's impact on didactics, clinical teaching, and clinical experience. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, χ2 test, and qualitative classical content analysis.

Results:
A total of 31 PDs (82%) and 62 fellows (51%) responded. Before the pandemic, 0% of programs had fellows do telehealth visits at least weekly vs during the pandemic, and 85% of the programs had fellows conduct telehealth video visits at least once/week (p < 0.001). PDs and fellows agreed on many advantages of learning through telehealth particularly preceptors giving “real-time” feedback by private text messages and being able to observe fellow-run encounters unobtrusively. Ninety-four percent of fellows and 100% of fellowship directors believe that telehealth should be a formal part of DBP fellowship training even if in-clinic visits are available.

Conclusion:
Prepandemic and pandemic learning experiences differed significantly. PDs and fellows shared similar perceptions on how telehealth affected fellow education, except how telehealth affected didactics. Institutions varied in how telehealth was used to teach fellows, but many reported they found benefit in giving real-time feedback using chat functions during telehealth appointments. DBP fellowship programs should consider providing specific guidance to effectively teach telehealth to fellows.
Erythematous Papules and Nodules on the Left Arm
Authors: Berlin Brittany L. , Sarro Robert A. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
An 81-year-old man was found to have pruritic papules and nodules spreading on his left arm over the past 2 weeks. Readers will be asked to identify the correct diagnosis based on history and clinical presentation. The purpose of this case is to improve diagnostic skills to properly recognize this condition and provide the appropriate treatment.
An Educational Initiative for Family Nurse Practitioners to Detect Melanoma Skin Cancer
Authors: Heathcotte Kimberly , Swenty Connie , Schaar Gina 
Published: April 2023

Background
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. Melanoma skin cancer is the deadliest form of skin cancer. In the United States, the rates of melanoma skin cancer continue to rise more than any other type of cancer.

Local Problem
Nurse practitioners play an important role in early detection of skin cancer; however, minimal time is spent on dermatology training in current nurse practitioner programs to sufficiently prepare nurse practitioners to identify melanoma skin cancer. Early detection of melanoma skin cancer leads to decreased mortality.

Methodology
There were approximately 75 family nurse practitioners eligible to participate. The potential participants were asked to complete the online demographic survey and a pretest questionnaire. After intervention, the participants were asked to complete a posttest questionnaire.

Intervention
A web-based educational tool regarding identification of melanoma skin cancer was developed. The family nurse practitioners viewed the web-based educational module regarding melanoma skin cancer.

Results
A comparison of pretest and posttest means from the questionnaire was analyzed using a t test. Thirty-three family nurse practitioners showed statistically significant improvements in knowledge after the educational intervention. In addition, confidence increased in their ability to detect melanoma skin cancer.

Conclusions
This project has shown that a web-based educational module can improve family nurse practitioners' ability and confidence to detect melanoma skin cancer. This educational module was statistically effective and provides an educational framework that can be adopted by other healthcare organizations to improve nurse practitioner knowledge surrounding melanoma detection.
‘Man-in-the-barrel’ syndrome: a case report of bilateral arm paresis following cardiac arrest
Authors: Riyaz Romana , Usaid Syed A. , Arram Niharikha , Khatroth Sumalatha , Shah Pranita , Shrestha Abhigan B. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
‘Man-in-the-barrel syndrome’ (MIBS) is a neurological phenotype with brachial diplegia, normal sensation, and preserved motor function of the lower limb. Severe hypotension leading to watershed infarctions leading to this phenotype has been reported. The pathogenesis of MIBS is believed to be cerebral hypoperfusion leading to border zone infarctions between the territories of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries.

Case Report and Discussion:
A 49-year-old chronic alcoholic hypertensive Indian male was evaluated for barrel syndrome after a cardiac arrest. MRI confirmed hyperintensities between the territories of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries bilaterally.

Conclusion:
Person in barrel syndrome is a rare neurological syndrome. MIB is common after cerebral hypoperfusion and carries a poor prognosis. Identification of the underlying cause is important because the management and prognosis vary based on the etiology.
An Indonesian female with pulmonary cystic hamartoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Khusnurrokhman Gemilang , Febriani Anna , Wiratama Priangga A. , Widyoningroem Anita 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Pulmonary cystic hamartoma is a rare benign cystic mass of the lung with clinical symptoms and radiological features that are not typical.

Case presentation:
A 43-year-old Indonesian female complained of chest and right shoulder pain, especially in the right clavicle. The patient underwent a chest X-ray and computed tomography scan thorax contrast, resulting in an anterior mediastinal tumor. The patient underwent wedge resection, and anatomical pathology showed pulmonary cystic hamartoma. The patient experienced postsurgery improvement.

Discussion:
Pulmonary cystic hamartoma does not have typical signs and symptoms. Pulmonary hamartoma diagnosis cannot be confirmed until a pathology anatomy examination is performed. Wedge resection is the first choice to treat pulmonary cystic hamartoma.

Conclusion:
Pulmonary cystic hamartoma is diagnosed with examination from pathology anatomy.
Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst resembling an adrenal tumor in adult: Three case reports and literature review
Authors: Yang Bin , Liu Lei , Tian Xiaojun , Hou Xiaofei , Lu Min , Ma Lulin 
Published: April 2023

Introduction and importance:
Bronchogenic cyst is a rare congenital malformation of the tracheobronchial bud originating from the primitive foregut, especially in the retroperitoneal region. Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts in adults are difficult to make an accurate diagnosis preoperatively.

Case presentation:
We present three cases of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts resembling adrenal tumors in adults. Three cases were asymptomatic, and all were located on the left side. There was no significant enhancement of the cyst walls on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Two cases presented with typical multilocular sacs and scattered calcification on radiology, whereas the other one showed unilocular sacs, without calcification, and elevation of serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and CA 24-2. Three cases underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgeries. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts. There was no recurrence of the three cases during follow-up.

Clinical Discussion:
A retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst is mostly asymptomatic. It can be found in adults with variable findings in computed tomography. It can be likely ignored and misdiagnosed as an adrenal tumor.

Conclusion:
The tests of CA 19-9 and CA 24-2 could help diagnose retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery is recommended for the treatment of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts with a favorable prognosis.
Successful surgical resection of a complicated left ventricular diverticulum in a neonate presented with unexplained anemia: a case report
Authors: Shrateh Oadi N. , Abusamra Muttaz M.M. , Abudaoud Majdi A. , Srour Moayad A. , Hijjeh Nizar , Haymouni Nidal , Sbeitan Iyad , Abdelraziq Samer , Abutaqa Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Congenital left ventricular diverticulum (LVD) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly and may be complicated by fatal adverse events such as diverticulum rupture. Most LVD cases are asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally. Herein, we describe an unusual and peculiar clinical presentation with felicitous surgical management of ruptured LVD.

Case presentations:
A 10-day-old male infant presented with severe, intractable, and unexplained anemia associated with respiratory distress. Upon admission, the patient was clinically shocked with a hemoglobin level of 6.0 g/dl. As chest imaging showed cardiomegaly, echocardiography was performed and revealed a 9×10 mm diverticulum arising from the posterolateral wall of the left ventricle along with blood and clot collection in the pericardium. The patient underwent an urgent surgical resection of the diverticulum. He was followed up for 2 years without any readmissions or cardiac complaints.

Clinical discussion:
Systemic thromboembolism, heart failure, infarction, and tachyarrhythmias have all been reported as complications of LVD. The most serious complication is diverticulum rupture, which can result in death. As a result, this congenital defect should be discovered early to determine the potential risks and plan appropriate treatment.

Conclusion:
Congenital heart defects such as LVD should be suspected in neonates presenting with unexplained and intractable anemia. To avoid the diagnosis confusion and risk of serious complications in LVD patients, such as spontaneous rupture of the diverticulum, we advocate immediate surgical management of LVD in children.