bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation of sexual function with Optilume—a novel treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Copelan Olivia , Moss Jared , Freedman Sheldon , Coutinho Karl , Elterman Dean , Marotte Jeffrey , Padron Osvaldo , Shore Neal , Spier Jeffrey , Kaminetsky Jed , Mazzarella Brian , Te Alexis , Kaplan Steven A , McVary Kevin T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The Optilume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) catheter system is a novel minimally invasive paclitaxel-coated dilation system that has demonstrated substantial and durable results in urinary flow and symptoms.

Aim
We now assess the impact of Optilume BPH procedure on sexual function.

Methods
Prior published results have described the methods of data collection during the PINNACLE study, which demonstrated durable improvement in urinary symptoms. Follow-up assessments for the current study included IIEF-EF and Male Sexual Health Questionnaire for Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD). Semen quality was also examined.

Outcomes
IIEF-EF and MSHQ-EjD scores in the Optilume BPH group were not different from the sham group at 3 months, 6 months, or 12 months.

Results
A total of 148 men were randomized to receive the procedure (100) or a sham surgical procedure (48). Subjects in both groups had similar rates of erectile dysfunction (ED) previously diagnosed at baseline (56% vs 54.2%, P = .83) and those men who were sexually active. IIEF-EF and MSHQ-EjD scores in the Optilume BPH group were not different from the sham group at 3, 6, or 12 months. Change in IIEF-EF scores remained consistent across all levels of baseline ED severity after Optilume BPH procedure. No clear trend was seen after treatment with Optilume BPH for semen volume, sperm motility, progressive motility, or sperm morphology.

Clinical Implications
The Optilume BPH catheter system provides patients with a durable improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms while preserving sexual function.

Strengths and limitations
This study uses validated questionnaires to assess patients’ sexual function at baseline and regularly for 1 year after the procedure. Given exclusion criteria regarding patient age and prostate size, the results may not be applicable to all BPH phenotypes.

Conclusion
Optilume appears to provide clinical benefit with a high degree of patient satisfaction and minimal impact on sexual function.
The fifty shades of black: about black box AI and explainability in healthcare
Authors: Raposo Vera Lúcia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by enhancing patient care, diagnostics, workflows, and treatment personalization. The integration of AI in healthcare promises significant advancements and better patient outcomes. However, the lack of explainability in many AI models, known as ‘black-box AI’, raises concerns for patients, doctors, and developers. This issue, termed ‘black box medicine’, challenges the adoption of AI in healthcare. The demand for explainable AI has grown as AI systems become more complex. The absence of explanations in AI decisions, especially in critical situations like healthcare, has sparked debates and even suggestions to exclude black-box AI from healthcare provision. This article examines the impact and causes of unexplainable AI in healthcare, critically evaluates its performance, and proposes strategies to address this challenge.
The clinical and molecular landscape of diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant
Authors: Le Rhun Emilie , Bink Andrea , Felsberg Joerg , Gramatzki Dorothee , Brandner Sebastian , Benhamida Jamal K , Wick Antje , Tonn Joerg C , Mohme Malte , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Capper David , Snuderl Matija , Razis Evangelia , Ronellenfitsch Michael W , Neidert Nicolas , Ng Ho-Keung , Pohl Ute , Bale Tejus , Quach Stefanie , Rieger David , Schüller Ulrich , Onken Julia , Drüschler Katharina , Maurage Claude-Alain , Regli Luca , Healy Estelle , Graham Maya , Hortobagyi Tibor , Paine Simon , Bridges Leslie , Lausova Tereza , Medici Valentina , Sievers Philipp , Schrimpf David , Wick Wolfgang , Sahm Felix , Reifenberger Guido , von Deimling Andreas , Weller Michael ,   H3 G34 DHG Study Group
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Diffuse hemispheric glioma, histone 3 (H3) G34-mutant, has been newly defined in the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. Here we sought to define the prognostic roles of clinical, neuroimaging, pathological, and molecular features of these tumors.

Methods
We retrospectively assembled a cohort of 114 patients (median age 22 years) with diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant, CNS WHO grade 4 and profiled the imaging, histological and molecular landscape of their tumors.

Results
Compared with glioblastoma, H3 G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric gliomas exhibited less avid contrast enhancement, necrosis and edema on MRI. Comprehensive analyses of mutational and DNA copy number profiles revealed recurrent mutations in TP53 and ATRX, homozygous deletions of CDKN2A/B, and amplifications of PDGFRA, EGFR, CCND2, and MYCN. MGMT promoter methylation was detected in 79 tumors (75%); 11 tumors (13%) showed DNA copy number profiles suggestive of circumscribed deletions on 10q26.3 involving the MGMT locus. Median survival was 21.5 months. Female sex, gross total resection, and MGMT promoter methylation were positive prognostic factors on univariate analysis. Among radiological, pathological and molecular features, absence of pial invasion, and presence of microvascular proliferation and CDK6 amplification were positive prognostic factors on univariate analyses.

Conclusions
This study refines the clinical and molecular landscape of H3 G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric gliomas. Dedicated trials for this novel tumor type are urgently needed.
Auxin fluctuation and PIN polarization in moss leaf cell reprogramming
Authors: Tang Han , Chen Li-Hang , Friml Jiří 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Auxin and its PIN-FORMED (PIN) exporters are essential for tissue repair and regeneration in flowering plants. To gain insight into the evolution of this mechanism, we investigated their roles in leaves excised from Physcomitrium patens, a bryophyte known for its remarkable cell reprogramming capacity. We used various approaches to manipulate auxin levels, including exogenous application, pharmacological manipulations, and auxin biosynthesis mutants. We observed no significant effect on the rate of cell reprogramming. Rather, our analysis of auxin dynamics revealed a decrease in auxin levels upon excision, which was followed by a local increase before the reprogramming process began. Mutant analysis revealed that PpPINs are required for effective cell reprogramming, and endogenously expressed PpPINA-GFP accumulates polarly at sites that will develop into future filamentous stem cells. In addition, hyperpolarized PpPINA variants carrying mutated phosphorylation sites showed a marked delay in reprogramming, whereas endogenous or non-polar versions do not have this effect. These results underscore that both, the levels and the polarity of PpPINA are important for efficient cell reprogramming. Overall, these findings highlight the pivotal role of PIN polarity in plant regeneration. Furthermore, they suggest that understanding polarity mechanisms could have broader implications for improving regenerative processes across various plant species.
Assessing the readability of dermatological patient information leaflets generated by ChatGPT-4 and its associated plugins
Authors: Todorov Dominik , Park Jae Yong , Hing Cheung James Andrew Ng , Avramidou Eleni , Gnanappiragasam Dushyanth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In the UK, 43% of adults struggle to understand health information presented in standard formats. As a result, Health Education England recommends that patient information leaflets (PILs) be written at a readability level appropriate for an 11-year-old.

Objectives
To evaluate the ability of ChatGPT-4 and its three dermatology-specific plugins to generate PILs that meet readability recommendations and compare their readability with existing British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) PILs.

Methods
ChatGPT-4 and its three plugins were used to generate PILs for 10 preselected dermatological conditions. The readability of these PILs was assessed using three readability formulas Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Flesch Reading Ease Test (FRET) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level Test (FKGLT) and compared against the readability of BAD PILs. A one-way ANOVA was conducted to identify any significant differences.

Results
The readability scores of PILs generated by ChatGPT-4 and its plugins did not meet the recommended target range. However, some of these PILs demonstrated more favourable mean readability scores compared with those from the BAD, with certain plugins, such as Chat with a Dermatologist, showing significant differences in mean SMOG (P = 0.0005) and mean FKGLT (P = 0.002) scores. Nevertheless, the PILs generated by ChatGPT-4 were found to lack some of the content typically included in BAD PILs.

Conclusions
ChatGPT-4 can produce dermatological PILs free from misleading information, occasionally surpassing BAD PILs in terms of readability. However, these PILs still fall short of being easily understood by the general public, and the content requires rigorous verification by healthcare professionals to ensure reliability and quality.
Return to work after lumbar microdiskectomy – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Saltychev Mikhail , Villikka Elias , Madekivi Vilma , Pernaa Katri , Juhola Juhani 
Published: January 2025

Study Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:
To investigate evidence on the prevalence and timeline of RTW after lumbar microdiskectomy.

Summary of Background Data:
While lumbar microdiskectomy is a widely used and well-studied procedure, there is lack of evidence on the postoperative prevalence and schedule of return to work after this type of surgery.

Methods:
Search at Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Scopus and Web of Science. Assessment of risk of systematic bias using Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS). Random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. Adults undergoing lumbar microdiskectomy due to degenerative disc herniation, excluding spinal stenosis, percutaneous diskectomy, artificial disk, arthroplasty, laminectomy, fusion or symptoms of cauda equina.

Results:
Of identified 2,285 records, 31 were included in meta-analysis. Most of the studies had low risk of systematic bias. Pooling 21 studies, the mean prevalence of postoperative return to work was 78% (95% CI 71% to 83%). Pooling 13 studies the mean time of return to work was 4.79 (95% CI 3.88 to 5.70) weeks. The meta-regression of prevalence of return to work by the duration of follow-up resulted in significant but small coefficient of 0.02 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.03, P=0.006). There was considerable heterogeneity for all three models.

Conclusion:
The results of this review suggest that approximately 70%-80% of patients who undergo a microsurgical procedure for disc herniation return to work within the first month and a half. It also seems that returning to work after this period is quite unlikely. The duration of preoperative symptoms did not affect significantly the prevalence of RTW. Information about these trends should be taken into account both in the planning phase of the procedure and in setting goals for postoperative rehabilitation.
Long-term Postural Stability Changes After Correction of Spinal Deformity
Authors: Juncker Ryan B. , Weinberg Joshua H. , Xiao James , Ghaith Abdul Karim , Keister Alexander , Grossbach Andrew J. , Xu David S. , Viljoen Stephanus 
Published: January 2025

Study Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the durability of postural stability after ASD correction surgery and its’ association with clinical outcomes.

Summary of Background Data:
The prevalence of symptomatic adult spinal deformity (ASD) necessitates surgical intervention, aiming to correct global spinal balance and spinopelvic parameters. Short-term studies have shown improvements in postural control following surgery, but the long-term impact remains unclear.

Methods:
This single-center prospective cohort study included adult patients undergoing long-segment fusion surgery between November 2019 and July 2021. Preoperative and postoperative balance assessments, radiographic analyses, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were conducted. Statistical analyses evaluated changes in postural stability and clinical outcomes.

Results:
Fifteen ASD patients were analyzed. Significant improvements were observed in the early postoperative period in coronal center of pressure (COP) sway (P=0.048) and amplitude (P=0.027), total COP sway (P=0.042), coronal center of gravity (COG) amplitude (P=0.013), total COG sway (P=0.044), and head sway in the coronal plane (P=0.025). These improvements were maintained at the final postoperative visit for all measurements except coronal COG amplitude (early vs. last postoperative visit, P=0.040). Radiographic parameters, including pelvic incidence – lumbar lordosis mismatch (P=0.041) and sagittal vertical axis (P=0.032), also significantly improved postoperatively. PROMs revealed significant enhancements in VAS back pain (P=0.045), RAND SF-36 pain (P=0.016), RAND SF-36 physical functioning (P=0.008), and PROMIS pain interference (P=0.032) scores at the last follow-up.

Conclusion:
These results demonstrate that the postural stability improvements seen after ASD correction are durable and correlate with enhanced clinical outcomes, such as reduced back pain and improved physical functioning. These findings underscore the clinical importance of achieving sagittal alignment in ASD patients. Further research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up periods is warranted to confirm these associations and establish postural stability assessment as a vital parameter in evaluating patients’ quality of life postoperatively.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3
The impact of bifurcation angle on clinical outcomes in patients who underwent nano-crush technique: the insight from the multicenter EVOLUTE-CRUSH V study
Authors: Çizgici Ahmet Yaşar , Güner Ahmet , Alizade Elnur , Çetin İlyas , Serin Ebru , Doğan Abdullah , Gökçe Kaan , Serter Berkay , Çiloğlu Koray , Aktürk İbrahim Faruk , Uysal Hande , Gültekin Güner Ezgi , Akman Cemalettin , Şimşek Aybüke , Bedir Fatih Furkan , Tanik Veysel Ozan , Keskin Kudret , Püşüroğlu Hamdi , Aydin Merve , Aydin Emre , Çörekçioğlu Büşra , Köseoğlu Mehmet , Uzun Fatih 
Published: January 2025

Background
This multicenter study aimed to retrospectively assess the relationship between bifurcation angle (BA) and major cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients undergoing nano-crush technique (NCT) for complex bifurcation lesions (CBLs).

Methods
A total of 122 consecutive patients [male: 85 (69.6%), mean age: 61.53 ± 9.03 years] who underwent NCT between January 2019 and January 2024 were included. The primary endpoint was a combined endpoint (MACE) including cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). Patients were classified into two groups: MACE-positive and MACE-negative patients.

Results
Among the study population, 22 patients (18%) had at least one MACE. The BA (46.89 ± 14.65° vs. 65.23 ± 10.40°, P = 0.001) was notably lower in the MACE-positive group than the MACE-negative group. In multivariable regression analysis, decreased BA was identified as one of the independent predictors of MACE (odds ratio = 0.908; 95% confidence interval: 0.852–0.969; P < 0.001). We divided the study cohort into two subgroups based on historical narrow and wide BAs (<70 vs. ≥70°). The incidence of MACE (25.3 vs. 6.4%, P = 0.008), clinically driven TLR (22.7 vs. 4.3%, P = 0.009), and TVMI (18.7 vs. 0%, P = 0.001) were notably higher in the BA <70° group than in the BA ≥70° group. Kaplan–Meier analysis also revealed that MACE-free survival was significantly lower in the BA <70° group than in the BA ≥70° group under mid-term follow-up (log-rank P = 0.009).

Conclusion
This observational multicenter study showed that the BA significantly affects mid-term outcomes in patients who underwent NCT. In addition, our findings suggest that NCT may not be a viable option in patients with narrow-angle (<70°) CBLs.
The Future of HIV: Challenges in meeting the 2030 Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) reduction goal
Authors: Bleichrodt Amanda M. , Okano Justin T. , Fung Isaac Ch. , Chowell Gerardo , Blower Sally 
Published: January 2025

Objective(s):
To predict the burden of HIV in the United States (US) nationally and by region, transmission type, and race/ethnicity through 2030.

Methods:
Using publicly available data from the CDC NCHHSTP AtlasPlus dashboard, we generated 11-year prospective forecasts of incident HIV diagnoses nationally and by region (South, non-South), race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American), and transmission type (Injection-Drug Use, Male-to-Male Sexual Contact (MMSC), and Heterosexual Contact (HSC)). We employed weighted (W) and unweighted (UW) n-sub-epidemic ensemble models, calibrated using 12 years of historical data (2008–2019), and forecasted trends for 2020–2030. We compared results to identify persistent, concerning trends across models.

Results:
We projected substantial decreases in incident HIV diagnoses nationally (W: 27.9%, UW: 21.9%), and in the South (W:18.0%, UW: 9.2%) and non-South (W: 21.2%, UW: 19.5%) from 2019 to 2030. However, concerning nondecreasing trends were observed nationally in key sub-populations during this period: Hispanic/Latino persons (W: 1.4%, UW: 2.6%), Hispanic/Latino MMSC (W: 9.0%, UW: 9.9%), people who inject drugs (PWID) (W: 25.6%, UW: 9.2%), and White PWID (W: 3.5%, UW: 44.9%). The rising trends among Hispanic/Latino MMSC and overall PWID were consistent across the South and non-South regions.

Conclusions:
Although the forecasted national-level decrease in the number of incident HIV diagnoses is encouraging, the US is unlikely to achieve the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the US goal of a 90% reduction in HIV incidence by 2030. Additionally, the observed increases among specific subpopulations highlight the importance of a targeted and equitable approach to effectively combat HIV in the US.
Normothermic Liver Machine Perfusion At a Large European Center –Real World Outcomes Following 238 Applications
Authors: Krendl Felix J. , Cardini Benno , Fodor Margot , Singh Jessica , Ponholzer Florian , Messner Franka , Weissenbacher Annemarie , Resch Thomas , Maglione Manuel , Margreiter Christian , Eschertzhuber Stephan , Irsara Christian , Griesmacher Andrea , Schennach Harald , Breitkopf Robert , Schlosser Lisa , Zoller Heinz , Tilg Herbert , Oberhuber Rupert , Schneeberger Stefan 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To report outcomes from routine clinical practice of liver transplantation (LT) following normothermic liver machine perfusion (NLMP) and compare to LT after static cold storage (SCS).

Background:
NLMP is emerging as a clinical routine in LT as has recently received renewed attention, however outcomes outside of clinical trials are lacking.

Methods:
All adult LT between February 2018 and January 2023 were included. Comprehensive viability assessment was applied during NLMP. Outcomes were compared between NLMP and SCS recipients, as well as benchmark and non-benchmark cases.

Results:
Of the 332 LT included, 174 underwent NLMP and 158 were transplanted following SCS. Sixty-seven organs were accepted and transplanted only under the premise of NLMP. One-year graft survival for SCS and NLMP recipients was 83.8% vs. 81.3% and 93.4% for benchmark cases in the overall cohort. Total preservation time had no influence on graft survival in the NLMP group but was associated with inferior 1-year graft survival in the SCS group. NLMP usage increased significantly over the duration of the study period, as did the median total preservation time. With increasing NLMP use and longer preservation times, nighttime surgery decreased significantly from 41.9% to 4.2%.

Conclusions:
Prolonged preservation times ease logistics and enable daytime surgery. The possibility of NLMP offers to expand liver transplantation without negatively affecting outcomes.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual “Dementia Awareness for Caregivers” Course in Brazil and India
Authors: de Carvalho Raquel Luiza Santos , Fisher Emily , Natarajan Nirupama , Hui Esther K. , Venkatesan Shreenila , Vaitheswaran Sridhar , Laksminarayanan Monisha , Brum Paula Schimidt , Naylor-Batista Renata , Bertrand Elodie , Mograbi Daniel C. , Ferri Cleusa P. , Stoner Charlotte , Spector Aimee 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To establish whether a virtual dementia awareness course is feasible for caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India.

Methods:
A pre/posttest single group, multisite feasibility study, mixed methods exploratory design was applied. Primary caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India took a 3 to 4-hour course adapted for online delivery, with 10 to 15 caregivers. Measurements encompassed self-reports of carer competence, attitudes to dementia, and caregiver burden; satisfaction questionnaire completed immediately after the intervention; open-ended questions at 1-month follow-up to assess if caregivers applied information to caregiving role; semistructured interviews about how the intervention changed caregivers’ behavior and attitudes towards dementia.

Results:
Of the 70 caregivers who received the intervention (Brazil = 34; India = 36), 54 (77.1%) completed postintervention outcomes, and 39 (55.7%) completed questionnaires at 1-month follow-up assessment. Significant improvements were observed in attitudes to dementia in both countries and self-perceived carer competence (in India) postintervention. The themes from the 9 semistructured interviews were: acceptability, feasibility, change of behavior/attitude, and suggestions for future sessions.

Conclusions:
Dementia awareness course was a feasible online intervention to improve dementia awareness among family caregivers across countries. It offers a standardized yet flexible methodology, with promising outcomes that need to be evaluated in a full randomized controlled trial.
Reg-GPT™: A Conversational AI Model for Enhanced Decision-Making in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Maharaj Dipnarine , Zhang Wen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAs artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform various aspects of our lives, conversational AI models have become increasingly sophisticated. The development of more accurate and informative language processing assistants has significant implications for numerous fields, including health care, medical service, and research assistance.Materials and MethodsReg-GPT™ was developed by the Maharaj Institute of Immune Regenerative Medicine (MIIRM) using a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning techniques. The LLaMa 3.1 model’s parameters were fine-tuned using vast amounts of text data, enabling Reg-GPT™ to learn from its interactions with users.ResultsOur evaluation shows that Reg-GPT™ model performs well in several key areas, including response accuracy, fluency, and engagement. The results highlight the potential benefits of integrating Reg-GPT™ into regenerative medicine (RM) applications.ConclusionThis article provides a comprehensive introduction to Reg-GPT™, showcasing its capabilities, performance, and potential uses. We believe that Reg-GPT™ has the potential to provide significant value in the RM and Medicare fields.