bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and outcomes associated with unplanned intraoperative extubation of the pediatric surgical patient: An analysis of the NSQIP‐P database
Authors: Cheon Eric C. , Cheon James M. , Chun Yeona 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnplanned intraoperative extubation is a rare but potentially catastrophic safety event. Inadvertent extubation in the neonatal and pediatric critical care setting is a recognized quality improvement metric whereas literature for intraoperative extubation is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and outcomes associated with unplanned intraoperative extubation.MethodsWe queried the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program—Pediatric database from 2019 to 2020 for patients <18 years of age. A total of 253 673 patients were included in the analysis. Associations between demographics, clinical variables, and unplanned intraoperative extubation were evaluated with univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. The primary outcome was unplanned intraoperative extubation. Secondary outcomes were postoperative pulmonary complication, unplanned reintubation within 24 h, cardiac arrest on day of surgery, and surgical site infection.ResultsUnplanned intraoperative extubation occurred in 163 (0.06%) patients. Specific procedures experienced unplanned intraoperative extubation at a higher rate such as bilateral cleft lip repair (1.31% of procedure type) and thoracic repair of tracheoesophageal fistula (1.11% of procedure type). Age, operative time (z‐score), American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification 3 and 4, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, thoracic surgery, otolaryngology, and structural pulmonary/airway abnormalities were independent risk factors. Unplanned intraoperative extubation was associated with an increased unadjusted risk for postoperative pulmonary complication (p < .005; OR, 6.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.93–14.44), unplanned reintubation within 24 h (p < .005; OR, 8.41; 95% CI: 2.08–34.03), cardiac arrest on day of surgery (p < .05; OR, 22.67; 95% CI: 0.56–132.35), and surgical site infection (p < .0005; OR, 3.27; 95% CI 1.74–5.67).ConclusionsUnplanned intraoperative extubation occurs at a higher frequency in a subset of procedures and patient types. Identifying and targeting at‐risk patients with preventative measures may decrease the incidence of unplanned intraoperative extubation and its associated outcomes.
Possible roles of human mast cells in the formation of xanthelasma palpebrarum
Authors: Nakamura Hiroya , Matsuzaki Takashi , Ito Ken R. , Nakagawa Ryota , Asano Lurica M. , Nishikido Hinako , Haga Hironori , Kataoka Tatsuki R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCutaneous xanthoma consist of foam cells that originate from monocytes or macrophages and accumulate in perivascular areas of the skin. The main component of these cells is oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL). In this study, we show that mast cells surround the accumulated foam cells, suggesting their involvement in xanthoma formation. Coculture of THP‐1 or U937 monocytes with the human mast cell line LUVA upregulated their uptake of oxLDL. Positive staining for intracellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) at the borders between mast cells and foam cells was seen in pathological specimens of the most common cutaneous xanthoma, xanthelasma palpebrarum, and in cocultures. In the latter, ICAM1 messenger RNA levels were upregulated. The administration of anti‐ICAM‐1 blocking antibody inhibited the increase in oxLDL uptake by THP‐1 or U937 monocytes cocultured with LUVA. Taken together, these results suggest a role for mast cells in the formation of xanthelasma palpebrarum and the involvement of ICAM‐1 in this process.
Role of physical activity and health‐related fitness on self‐confidence and interpersonal relations in 14‐year‐old adolescents from secondary school settings: DADOS study
Authors: Ortega‐Gómez Sonia , Adelantado‐Renau Mireia , Carbonell‐Baeza Ana , Moliner‐Urdiales Diego , Jiménez‐Pavón David 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe effect of physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) on self‐confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents is uncertain.AimTo analyzed the associations of PA and PF with self‐confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents.SampleA total of 268 (138 boys) adolescents (13.9 ± 0.3 years) from the DADOS study were included in the analysis.MethodsPA was evaluated using GENEActiv accelerometers and the health‐related PF components by the ALPHA health‐related fitness test battery. The levels of self‐confidence and interpersonal relations were determined by the Behavior Assessment System for Children Level 3.ResultsThe associations of PA levels and PF components with self‐confidence reported positive associations of moderate‐vigorous PA (MVPA), standing long jump, and 20‐m shuttle run (shuttle run test) tests (all p < 0.05), and negative association of 4 × 10‐m shuttle run test (4 × 10‐m test), but only the 4 × 10‐m test remained significant in the adjusted model for the whole sample and only in boys (p ≤ 0.01) when analyzed by sex. Regarding interpersonal relations, positive associations of standing long jump and shuttle run test (all p < 0.05), and negative association of 4 × 10‐m test were found in all the adolescents. The shuttle run test was associated with interpersonal relations in boys independently of confounders. PA levels were not associated with interpersonal relations.ConclusionA higher level of lower‐limb muscle strength, speed‐agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness might improve self‐confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents, but these relationships seem to be influenced by sex, body mass index, and pubertal status. Speed‐agility and cardiorespiratory fitness seem to have a stronger impact on boys. MVPA may improve self‐confidence in adolescents.
Crucial roles of Rab22a in endosomal cargo recycling
Authors: Kong Lingjie , Huang Shenghao , Bao Yuxuan , Chen Yingtong , Hua Chunyan , Gao Sheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndosomal cargo recycling lies at the heart of subcellular trafficking processes under the management of several Ras‐related GTP‐binding proteins (Rabs) which are coordinated by their upstream regulators and require their downstream effectors to display their functions. In this regard, several Rabs have been well‐reviewed except Rab22a. Rab22a is a crucial regulator of vesicle trafficking, early endosome and recycling endosome formation. Notably, recent studies demonstrated the immunological roles of Rab22a, which are closely associated with cancers, infection and autoimmune disorders. This review provides an overview of the regulators and effectors of Rab22a. Also, we highlight the current knowledge of the role of Rab22a in endosomal cargo recycling, including the biogenesis of recycling tubules with the help of a complex with Rab22a at its core, and how different internalized cargo chooses different recycling routes thanks to the cooperation of Rab22a, its effectors and its regulators. Of note, contradictions and speculation related to endosomal cargo recycling that Rab22a brings impacts on are also discussed. Finally, this review endeavors to briefly introduce the various events impacted by Rab22a, particularly focusing on the commandeered Rab22a‐associated endosomal maturation and endosomal cargo recycling, in addition to the extensively investigated oncogenic role of Rab22a.
Determination of a class of permutation quadrinomials
Authors: Ding Zhiguo , Zieve Michael E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe determine all permutation polynomials over of the form where, for some that is a power of the characteristic of , we have and all terms of have degrees in . We use this classification to resolve eight conjectures and open problems from the literature, and we list 77 recent results from the literature that follow immediately from the simplest special cases of our result. Our proof makes a novel use of geometric techniques in a situation where they previously did not seem applicable, namely to understand the arithmetic of high‐degree rational functions over small finite fields, despite the fact that in this situation the Weil bounds do not provide useful information.
Full Field Solution for Remotely Loaded One Side Completely Debonded Short Rigid Line Inclusion Embedded in Soft Matrix: Two-Dimensional Analytical and Experimental Insights
Authors: Patil Swapnil A. , Khaderi S. N. , M Ramji , Chinthapenta Viswanath 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The problem of a completely debonded short fiber (rigid line inclusion/anticrack) embedded in a 2D isotropic elastic soft matrix subjected to the remote loading condition is of fundamental interest. The current work investigates completely debonded anticrack embedded in a soft (isotropic) matrix using Kolosov Muskhelisvili's complex potential framework. Here two configurations are studied: debonded inclusion oriented (i) parallel and (ii) perpendicular to the loading direction. In particular, the potentials take the form of a non-homogeneous Riemann—Hilbert equation for the given problem. Upon solving analytical forms of potentials, the stress fields were obtained. The stress field for the fully debonded anticrack exhibited oscillatory singular behavior between r−3/4 and r−1/4 with the dependence on the oscillatory index ε and material constants. The correctness of the analytical solution was validated using numerical simulation and experiments based on the digital photoelasticity technique. The analytical results were in good agreement with the experimental and numerically obtained stress fields confirming the accuracy of it. The magnitude of singularity is quantified by defining a complex stress intensity factor at the tip of the discontinuity and compared with the experimentally estimated value. So far in the literature, no full-field analytical solution exists for the completely debonded rigid inclusion embedded in an isotropic soft matrix. The solution obtained in the present work is of fundamental importance in developing the constitutive properties of short fiber reinforced thermoplastic (SFRT) composites.
Turbine Vane Passage Cooling Experiments With a Close-Coupled Combustor–Turbine Interface Geometry Part II: Describing the Coolant Coverage
Authors: Nawathe Kedar P. , Nath Aaditya R. , Kim Yong W. , Simon Terrence W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The first-stage gas turbine vane surfaces and endwalls require aggressive cooling. This two-part paper introduces a modified design of the combustor–turbine (C–T) interface, the “close-coupled interface,” that is expected to increase cooling performance of vane passage surfaces. While Part I of the paper describes secondary flows and coolant transport in the passage, this part discusses the effects of the new C–T interface geometry on adiabatic cooling effectiveness of the endwall and vane surfaces. Compared to the traditional C–T interface, the coolant requirement is reduced for the same level of cooling effectiveness on all three surfaces for the new C–T interface design, confirming that it is an improvement over the previous design. The endwall crossflow is reduced by combustor coolant injection with the new interface leading to more pitchwise-uniform cooling of the endwall. For the pressure surface, increasing combustor coolant flowrate directly increases phantom cooling effectiveness and spreading of coolant away from the endwall. With the traditional passage vortex seen in the literature replaced by the impingement vortex of the present design, the suction surface receives less phantom cooling than does the pressure surface. However, cooling performance is still improved over that of the previous C–T interface design.
Film Cooling Effectiveness on Pressure Surface and Suction Surface of Turbine Guide Vane With Diffusion Slot Holes
Authors: Hu Jia-Jun , An Bai-Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper investigated the film-cooling effectiveness of diffusion slot holes in a turbine nozzle guide vane. The pressure-sensitive paint measurement technique was employed to obtain the film-cooling effectiveness at a density ratio of DR = 1.5. The mainstream Reynolds number based on the axial chord length and the exit velocity was 6 × 105. The mainstream turbulence intensity was approximately 3.7%. Three diffusion slot hole geometries with cross-sectional aspect ratios (ASs) of 2.3, 3.4, and 4.9 were tested and compared with a typical fan-shaped hole. The experiments were performed at three typical hole row locations on the pressure surface (PS) and suction surface (SS). The average blowing ratios varied from M = 0.5 to 2.5. The results showed that throughout the blowing ratio range, on the PS, a substantially higher film-cooling effectiveness than the fan-shaped hole is always obtained from the diffusion slot hole with a large aspect ratio (AS = 4.9); on the SS, the diffusion slot hole with a small AS (AS = 2.3). The influence of hole row positioning is inconsistent for diffusion slot holes with different ASs. The diffusion slot hole is less affected by the PS when the AS is moderate and less affected by the SS when the AS is large. The film-cooling effectiveness of the diffusion slot holes is basically the lowest where the PS has a maximum concave curvature and the highest where the SS has a large favorable pressure gradient.
A chromosome-scale genome assembly of the grape powdery mildew pathogen
Erysiphe necator
reveals its genomic architecture and previously unknown features of its biology
Authors: Zaccaron Alex Z. , Neill Tara , Corcoran Jacob , Mahaffee Walter F. , Stergiopoulos Ioannis 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Erysiphe necator
is an obligate fungal pathogen that causes grape powdery mildew, globally the most important disease on grapevines. Previous attempts to obtain a quality genome assembly for this pathogen were hindered by its high repetitive DNA content. Here, chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) with long-read PacBio sequencing was combined to obtain a chromosome-scale assembly and a high-quality annotation for
E. necator
isolate EnFRAME01. The resulting 81.1 Mb genome assembly is 98% complete and consists of 34 scaffolds, 11 of which represent complete chromosomes. All chromosomes contain large centromeric-like regions and lack synteny to the 11 chromosomes of the cereal PM pathogen
Blumeria gramini
s. Further analysis of their composition showed that repeats and transposable elements (TEs) occupy 62.7% of their content. TEs were almost evenly interspersed outside centromeric and telomeric regions and massively overlapped with regions of annotated genes, suggesting that they could have a significant functional impact. Abundant gene duplicates were observed as well, particularly in genes encoding candidate secreted effector proteins. Moreover, younger in age gene duplicates exhibited more relaxed selection pressure and were more likely to be located physically close in the genome than older duplicates. A total of 122 genes with copy number variations among six isolates of
E. necator
were also identified and were enriched in genes that were duplicated in EnFRAME01, indicating they may reflect an adaptive variation. Taken together, our study illuminates higher-order genomic architectural features of
E. necator
and provides a valuable resource for studying genomic structural variations in this pathogen.

IMPORTANCE

Grape powdery mildew caused by the ascomycete fungus
Erysiphe necator
is economically the most important and recurrent disease in vineyards across the world. The obligate biotrophic nature of
E. necator
hinders the use of typical genetic methods to elucidate its pathogenicity and adaptation to adverse conditions, and thus comparative genomics has been a major method to study its genome biology. However, the current reference genome of
E. necator
isolate C-strain is highly fragmented with many non-coding regions left unassembled. This incompleteness prohibits in-depth comparative genomic analyses and the study of genomic structural variations (SVs) that are known to affect several aspects of microbial life, including fitness, virulence, and host adaptation. By obtaining a chromosome-scale genome assembly and a high-quality gene annotation for
E. necator
, we reveal the organization of its chromosomal content, unearth previously unknown features of its biology, and provide a reference for studying genomic SVs in this pathogen.
Characteristics of hypersomnia due to inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
Authors: Ishido Hideaki , Chiba Shigeru , Takahashi Hana , Isa Megumi , Ogawa Yasuhiro , Kubota Hiroki , Imanishi Aya , Omori Yuki , Ono Taisuke , Tsutsui Ko , Han GoEun , Kondo Hideaki , Tsuji Hiroshi , Nakamagoe Kiyotaka , Ishii Akiko , Tanaka Keiko , Tamaoka Akira , Shimizu Tetsuo , Nishino Seiji , Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Kanbayashi Takashi 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) diagnostic criteria for inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system diseases included symptomatic narcolepsy; however, no relevant case‐control studies exist. We aimed to examine the relationship among cerebrospinal fluid orexin‐A (CSF‐OX) levels, cataplexy and diencephalic syndrome; determine risk factors for low-and-intermediate CSF‐OX levels (≤200 pg/mL) and quantify hypothalamic intensity using MRI.MethodsThis ancillary retrospective case‐control study included 50 patients with hypersomnia and 68 controls (among 3000 patients) from Akita University, the University of Tsukuba and community hospitals (200 facilities). Outcomes were CSF‐OX level and MRI hypothalamus‐to‐caudate‐nucleus‐intensity ratio. Risk factors were age, sex, hypersomnolence and MRI hypothalamus‐to‐caudate‐nucleus‐intensity ratio >130%. Logistic regression was performed for the association between the risk factors and CSF‐OX levels ≤200 pg/mL.ResultsThe hypersomnia group (n=50) had significantly more cases of NMOSD (p<0.001), diencephalic syndrome (p=0.006), corticosteroid use (p=0.011), hypothalamic lesions (p<0.023) and early treatment (p<0.001). No cataplexy occurred. In the hypersomnia group, the median CSF-OX level was 160.5 (IQR 108.4–236.5) pg/mL and median MRI hypothalamus-to-caudate-nucleus-intensity ratio was 127.6% (IQR 115.3–149.1). Significant risk factors were hypersomnolence (adjusted OR (AOR) 6.95; 95% CI 2.64 to 18.29; p<0.001) and MRI hypothalamus‐to‐caudate‐nucleus‐intensity ratio >130% (AOR 6.33; 95% CI 1.18 to 34.09; p=0.032). The latter was less sensitive in predicting CSF-OX levels ≤200 pg/mL. Cases with MRI hypothalamus-to-caudate-nucleus-intensity ratio >130% had a higher rate of diencephalic syndrome (p<0.001, V=0.59).ConclusionsConsidering orexin as reflected by CSF‐OX levels and MRI hypothalamus‐to‐caudate‐nucleus‐intensity ratio may help diagnose hypersomnia with diencephalic syndrome.
Efficacy of the combination therapy of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid on improving knee pain and dysfunction in patients with moderate-to-severe KOA: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mai Yiying , Zhang Jiangshan , Huang Guohang , He Juanjuan , Liu Xiangfu , Guo Lukun , Wei Zhenhai , Jiang Li 
Published: June 2023

Introduction54% of patients with moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA) still reported persistent pain and functional loss after conservative treatment according to guidelines. As an emerging treatment, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been proven to significantly relieve pain and improve activity function in patients with mild-to-moderate KOA, either used alone or in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA). However, it is still unclear of its efficacy in moderate-to-severe KOA. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PRP and the combination therapy of PRP and HA in patients with moderate-to-severe KOA and to explore the potential synergistic effect of PRP and HA.Methods and analysisThis triple-blind randomised controlled trial will involve a total of 162 participants with moderate-to-severe KOA from two study centres. Participants will be allocated randomly into three groups: the HA group, the PRP group and the combination (PRP+HA) group and, respectively, receive HA (2.5 mL)+saline (3 mL)/PRP (3 mL)+saline (2.5 mL)/PRP (3 mL)+HA (2.5 mL) intra-articular injection each week for 4 consecutive weeks. All of the injections will be performed under the guidance of ultrasound. The primary outcome is the change of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index from baseline to 6 months, and secondary outcomes include the change of ultrasound images (suprapatellar bursa effusion and synovitis), Timed Up and Go test and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey. All outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and 1-month, 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. Data will be analysed on intention-to-treat principles and a per-protocol basis.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (reference number (2021)−02-231-02). The study results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100050974.
Recommendations for hand hygiene in community settings: a scoping review of current international guidelines
Authors: MacLeod Clara , Braun Laura , Caruso Bethany A , Chase Claire , Chidziwisano Kondwani , Chipungu Jenala , Dreibelbis Robert , Ejemot-Nwadiaro Regina , Gordon Bruce , Esteves Mills Joanna , Cumming Oliver 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundHand hygiene is an important measure to prevent disease transmission.ObjectiveTo summarise current international guideline recommendations for hand hygiene in community settings and to assess to what extent they are consistent and evidence based.Eligibility criteriaWe included international guidelines with one or more recommendations on hand hygiene in community settings—categorised as domestic, public or institutional—published by international organisations, in English or French, between 1 January 1990 and 15 November 2021.Data sourcesTo identify relevant guidelines, we searched the WHO Institutional Repository for Information Sharing Database, Google, websites of international organisations, and contacted expert organisations and individuals.Charting methodsRecommendations were mapped to four areas related to hand hygiene: (1) effective hand hygiene; (2) minimum requirements; (3) behaviour change and (4) government measures. Recommendations were assessed for consistency, concordance and whether supported by evidence.ResultsWe identified 51 guidelines containing 923 recommendations published between 1999 and 2021 by multilateral agencies and international non-governmental organisations. Handwashing with soap is consistently recommended as the preferred method for hand hygiene across all community settings. Most guidelines specifically recommend handwashing with plain soap and running water for at least 20 s; single-use paper towels for hand drying; and alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) as a complement or alternative to handwashing. There are inconsistent and discordant recommendations for water quality for handwashing, affordable and effective alternatives to soap and ABHR, and the design of handwashing stations. There are gaps in recommendations on soap and water quantity, behaviour change approaches and government measures required for effective hand hygiene. Less than 10% of recommendations are supported by any cited evidence.ConclusionWhile current international guidelines consistently recommend handwashing with soap across community settings, there remain gaps in recommendations where clear evidence-based guidance might support more effective policy and investment.