bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caring for a Relative With Dementia in Long-Term Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mitchell Lauren L , Horn Brenna , Stabler Henry , Birkeland Robyn W , Peterson Colleen M , Albers Elle A , Gaugler Joseph E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced unprecedented threats and disruptions for caregivers of people with dementia living in residential long-term care (LTC) facilities. Qualitative and cross-sectional studies have reported substantial negative effects of the pandemic on dementia caregivers’ well-being, but little to no prospective research has examined the impact of COVID-19 on caregiver well-being using pre-pandemic assessments. The present study used longitudinal data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention to support family caregivers whose relatives had entered LTC.

Research Design and Methods
Data collection began in 2016 and continued through 2021. Caregivers (N = 132) completed up to 7 assessments measuring their depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and burden.

Results
Latent growth curve models testing preregistered hypotheses revealed no significant effects of the pandemic on caregiver outcomes on average, though caregivers varied in terms of individual intercepts and slopes. Furthermore, factors such as caregiver–care recipient relationship closeness, care recipient’s COVID-19 infection status, and caregivers’ ratings of LTC facilities’ COVID-19 policies did not significantly moderate trajectories of well-being.

Discussion and Implications
Findings highlight the heterogeneity of caregivers’ experiences during the pandemic, and suggest caution when interpreting cross-sectional findings on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregiver well-being and distress.
Salutogenic nursing home care: Antonovsky’s salutogenic health theory as a guide to wellbeing
Authors: Drageset Sigrunn , Ellingsen Sidsel , Haugan Gørill 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe nursing home (NH) population is characterized by a high symptom burden resulting from chronic illnesses and functional impairments that cannot be cured. Most long-term NH residents are in the last phase of life and in need of palliative care. Hence, health and wellbeing are important aims of salutogenic NH care, which includes more than the treatment of residents’ diseases and symptoms. Research shows that cognitively intact long-term NH residents with a high score on sense of coherence (SOC) experience better wellbeing. Therefore, NH care should be developed in a salutogenic direction, promoting residents’ health and wellbeing by identifying general and specific resistant resources and facilitating residents’ perceived SOC. Based on Antonovsky’s salutogenic health theory and focusing on SOC comprising comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness along with resistance resources, this article discusses how nurses can apply salutogenic knowledge as a guide to promote wellbeing among long-term NH residents.
Supporting reorientation of health services in Indigenous Australian communities: the health promotion systems assessment tool
Authors: Percival Nikki , Feeney Lynette , Laycock Alison , Bailie Ross 
Published: April 2023

SummaryFew tools and mechanisms exist to assist the reorientation of health services, especially in the Indigenous Australian health context; where improving health status and life expectancy is a priority. We developed a health promotion systems assessment tool (HPSAT) to provide health services with the information and support they need to drive health system change. Tool development occurred using a participatory, iterative approach that included a literature review, expert input by Indigenous and non-Indigenous stakeholders and annual group workshops in four Indigenous Australian primary health care (PHC) services. Four health system components: (i) organizational environment; (ii) service delivery systems; (iii) information systems and decision support; and (iv) adaptability and integration, form the framework of the tool. A scoring system monitors system change over time. The HPSAT provides a constructive framework to support health services to collectively assess and support reorientation in Indigenous Australian PHC services. Participation of key stakeholders with an intimate knowledge about the local context was pivotal in developing a user-friendly and fit-for-purpose tool. Maximum benefits of the tool are likely to be gained when used as part of a continuous quality improvement intervention.
Developing culturally-responsive health promotion: insights from cultural experts
Authors: Look Mele A , Maskarinec Gregory G , de Silva Māpuana , Werner Kamuela , Mabellos Tricia , Palakiko Donna-Marie , Haumea Stacy L , Gonsalves Joseph , Seabury Aukahi A , Vegas Jetney Kahaulahilahi , Solatorio Cappy , Kaholokula Joseph Keaweʻaimoku 
Published: April 2023

SummaryCulturally-responsive health promotion initiatives are important to the creation of health equity for Indigenous and minority populations and these initiatives are complex and time-intensive to establish. The knowledge and resources of cultural experts are often pivotal in programs, yet there is minimal research on effective collaborations. The KāHOLO Project demonstrated strong success in the management of uncontrolled hypertension in the high-risk Indigenous population through a 6-month program based on the Hawaiian cultural dance of hula. This program was developed utilizing a community-based participatory research approach and implemented by cultural experts. To better understand the effectiveness of the research endeavor and program, six experienced hula experts and educators who delivered the community-based program were interviewed. As skilled and trusted cultural experts they set a safe supportive learning environment that promoted health and cultural goals. They articulated it was important that the program maintained cultural priorities and integrity. Through the methodical establishment of mutual respect, cooperation on research protocols and requirements was achieved. The development of cultural experts as health allies offers important inroads to the inclusion of minority and Indigenous cultures in health programming.
African Hut model of health: a framework for improving African migrant health in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Badu Emmanuel , Mpofu Charles , Came Heather 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThere is renewed international effort to improve the health and well-being of migrants. For African migrants, theoretical frameworks designed to account for and guide interventions to address the underlying mechanisms that interact to influence health and well-being remain largely underdeveloped. The aim of this study was to address this gap by providing a unique socio-ecological framework with specific entry points for targeted health promotion action aimed at improving the health and well-being of African migrants living in Aotearoa New Zealand. The African Hut model of health was developed through an inductive iterative approach informed by a review of the evidence and semi-structured interviews with key informants. The interviews were conducted in person using one-on-one format and employed to refine initial themes from the literature. A hybrid thematic analysis, involving both inductive and deductive approaches was used to analyse the interview data. The health and well-being of African migrant communities are the outcome of complex interplay of individual, economic, social and structural factors. To protect and promote the health of African communities in Aotearoa requires tailored interventions that centre culture and deliver holistically.
Income Inequality and Redistribution in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Niño-Zarazúa Miguel , Scaturro Francesca , Jordá Vanesa , Tarp Finn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA strand of the political economy literature emphasizes the effect of income inequality on growth and poverty, which materialises through redistribution. The theoretical expectation postulated by standard economic theory is that high inequality would lead to higher redistribution via the collective action of the median voter. The empirical literature testing the median voter theorem has been conducted in the context of industrialised economies. In this article, we examine the median voter hypothesis with specific reference to SSA, a region characterised by high levels of income inequality and limited redistribution. We adopt an instrumental variable approach to unpack the determinants and plausible mechanisms underpinning this relationship. In the article, we account for the effect of omitted top income earners in income inequality estimates, given their weight in the shape of the income distribution and their influence in redistributive policies. Overall, we find a positive relationship between inequality and redistribution in SSA, especially among middle-income countries. Further examination reveals that the abundance of natural resource rents seems to be the driving force affecting tax policy choices, which in turn exacerbates income inequality and undermines progressive redistribution. Thus, in assessing the relationship between inequality and redistribution, our results do not provide strong evidence to support the propositions of the median voter theorem, but instead, they call for alternative interpretations that seem to align more closely to the existence of multiple steady states.
Typology Construction for Comparative Country Case Study Analysis of Patterns of Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Shaffer Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study has been motivated by the limitations of cross-country regressions and unstructured comparative case studies in providing policy-relevant findings on the determinants of patterns of growth. It presents a methodology to improve upon existing comparative case study research by situating cases withing a typological framework and subsequently using cluster analysis to improve the matching of cases with respect to a number of ‘weakly exogenous’ variables. Such an approach performs a taxonomic function, distinguishing different types of cases and an explanatory function by facilitating the comparison of similar cases in terms of variables in the typology (‘like with like’ comparisons) or of cases with one or more known differences with respect to these variables. The approach is illustrated using data on poverty and growth in SSA and uncovers a number of good comparator cases situated within a typological framework for subsequent comparative analysis.
Missing data matter: an empirical evaluation of the impacts of missing EHR data in comparative effectiveness research
Authors: Zhou Yizhao , Shi Jiasheng , Stein Ronen , Liu Xiaokang , Baldassano Robert N , Forrest Christopher B , Chen Yong , Huang Jing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The impacts of missing data in comparative effectiveness research (CER) using electronic health records (EHRs) may vary depending on the type and pattern of missing data. In this study, we aimed to quantify these impacts and compare the performance of different imputation methods.

Materials and Methods
We conducted an empirical (simulation) study to quantify the bias and power loss in estimating treatment effects in CER using EHR data. We considered various missing scenarios and used the propensity scores to control for confounding. We compared the performance of the multiple imputation and spline smoothing methods to handle missing data.

Results
When missing data depended on the stochastic progression of disease and medical practice patterns, the spline smoothing method produced results that were close to those obtained when there were no missing data. Compared to multiple imputation, the spline smoothing generally performed similarly or better, with smaller estimation bias and less power loss. The multiple imputation can still reduce study bias and power loss in some restrictive scenarios, eg, when missing data did not depend on the stochastic process of disease progression.

Discussion and Conclusion
Missing data in EHRs could lead to biased estimates of treatment effects and false negative findings in CER even after missing data were imputed. It is important to leverage the temporal information of disease trajectory to impute missing values when using EHRs as a data resource for CER and to consider the missing rate and the effect size when choosing an imputation method.
Left-behind versus unequal places: interpersonal inequality, economic decline and the rise of populism in the USA and Europe
Authors: Rodríguez-Pose Andrés , Terrero-Dávila Javier , Lee Neil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Economic change over the past 20 years has rendered many individuals and territories vulnerable, leading to greater interpersonal and interterritorial inequality. This rising inequality is seen as a root cause of populism. Yet, there is no comparative evidence as to whether this discontent is the consequence of localised interpersonal inequality or stagnant growth in ‘left-behind’ places. This article assesses the association between levels and changes in local GDP per capita and interpersonal inequality, and the rise of far-right populism in Europe and in the USA. The analysis—conducted at small region level for Europe and county level for the USA—shows that there are both similarities and differences in the factors connected to populist voting on both sides of the Atlantic. In the USA, neither interpersonal inequality nor economic decline can explain populist support on their own. However, these factors gain significance when considered together with the racial composition of the area. Counties with a large share of white population where economic growth has been stagnant and where inequalities have increased supported Donald Trump. Meanwhile, counties with a similar economic trajectory but with a higher share of minorities shunned populism. In Europe, the most significant factor behind the rise of far-right populism is economic decline. This effect is particularly large in areas with a high share of immigration.
Activity of plant essential oils against clinically and environmentally isolatedSalmonella entericaserotypes:in vitroassays and molecular docking
Authors: Rochín-Medina Jesús J , Mendoza-López Ilianne A , Castro-del Campo Nohelia , Bastidas-Bastidas Pedro J , Ramírez Karina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) against clinically and environmentally isolated Salmonella serotypes. Oregano, thyme, and grapefruit EO compounds were identified, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the S. Saintpaul, Oranienburg, and Infantis serotypes. In addition, molecular docking was performed to explore the possible mechanisms between compounds of EOs with microbial enzymes. Thymol was the main compound identified in oregano (44.0%) and thyme (31%) EOs, while d-limonene was present in a greater proportion in grapefruit EO. Oregano EO had the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by thyme and grapefruit EOs. Oregano and thyme EOs illustrated a greater inhibitory capacity to all serotypes, particularly with the environmental S. Saintpaul. Oregano EO presented values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.1 μL/mL for all serotypes, while thyme and grapefruit EOs presented MIC values of 0.1 μL/mL for the clinical serotypes S. Infantis and S. Oranienburg, respectively. Molecular docking analysis showed the optimal binding free energies for thymol and carvacrol with glucokinase, ATP-dependent-6-fructokinase, outer membrane porin C, and topoisomerase IV. Our results indicate that these EOs can inhibit clinically and environmentally isolated Salmonella serotypes and can be used as alternatives for developing natural food preservatives.
Cold molecular gas outflow encasing the ionized one in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3281
Authors: Dall’Agnol de Oliveira Bruno , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Morganti Raffaella , Riffel Rogemar A , Ramakrishnan Venkatessh 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present ALMA CO (2-1) observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 3281 at ∼100 pc spatial resolution. This galaxy was previously known to present a bi-conical ionized gas outflow extending to 2 kpc from the nucleus. The analysis of the CO moment and channel maps, as well as kinematic modelling, reveals two main components in the molecular gas: one rotating in the galaxy plane and another outflowing and extending up to ∼1.8–2.6 kpc from the nucleus, partially encasing the ionized component. The mass of the outflowing molecular gas component is Mmol, out = (2.5 ± 1.6) × 106 $\rm {{\rm M}_{\odot }}$ , representing ∼1.7–2 per cent of the total molecular gas seen in emission within the inner 2.3 kpc. The corresponding mass outflow rate and power are $\dot{M}_{\mathrm{out},\mathrm{mol}}$  = 0.12–0.72 $\rm {{\rm M}_{\odot }\, yr^{-1}}$ and $\dot{E}_{\mathrm{out},\mathrm{mol}}$  = (0.045–1.6) ${\times }\, 10^{40}$  $\rm {erg\, s^{-1}}$ , which translates to a kinetic coupling efficiency with the AGN power of only 10−4–0.02 per cent. This value reaches up to 0.1 per cent when including both the feedback in the ionized and molecular gas, as well as considering that only part of the energy couples kinetically with the gas. Some of the non-rotating CO emission can also be attributed to inflow in the galaxy plane towards the nucleus. The similarity of the CO outflow – encasing the ionized gas one and the X-ray emission – to those seen in other sources, suggests that this may be a common property of galactic outflows.
Debris rings from extrasolar irregular satellites
Authors: Hayakawa Kevin T , Hansen Bradley M S 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Irregular satellites are the minor bodies found orbiting all four Solar system giant planets, with large semimajor axes, eccentricities, and inclinations. Previous studies have determined that the Solar system’s irregular satellites are extremely collisionally evolved populations today, having lost ∼99 per cent of their initial mass over the course of hundreds of Myr. Such an evolution implies that the irregular satellites must have produced a population of dusty collisional debris in the past, which is potentially observable due to the resulting reprocessing of stellar light. In this paper, we examine the signatures of the debris discs produced by extrasolar analogues of this process. Radiation pressure, quantified by the parameter β, is the driving force behind the liberation of dust grains from the planetary Hill sphere, and results in the formation of circumstellar dust rings, even in the absence of an underlying belt of asteroids in the system. Our simulated discs reproduce many of the same features seen in some classes of observed debris discs, such as thin ring morphology, a large blowout size, and azimuthal symmetry. We compare our simulated discs’ radial profiles to those of the narrow dust rings observed around Fomalhaut and HR 4796A, and show that they can broadly reproduce the observed radial distribution of dust.
Impacts of Temporary Migration on Development in Origin Countries
Authors: Bossavie Laurent , Özden Çağlar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTemporary migration is widespread globally. While the literature has traditionally focused on the impacts of permanent migration on destination countries, evidence on the effects of temporary migration on origin countries has grown over the past decade. This paper highlights that the economic development impacts, especially on low- and middle-income origin countries, are complex, dynamic, context-specific, and multichanneled. The paper identifies five main pathways: (a) labor supply; (b) human capital; (c) financial capital and entrepreneurship; (d) aggregate welfare and poverty; and (e) institutions and social norms. Several factors shape these pathways and their eventual impacts. These include initial economic conditions at home, the scale and double selectivity of emigration and return migration, whether migration was planned to be temporary ex ante, and employment and human capital accumulation opportunities experienced by migrants while they are overseas. Meaningful policy interventions to increase the development impacts of temporary migration require proper analysis, which, in turn, depends on high-quality data on workers’ employment trajectories, as well as their decision processes on the timing of their migration and return. These are currently the biggest research challenges to overcome to study the development impacts of temporary migration.
Elevated bile acids are associated with left ventricular structural changes in biliary atresia
Authors: Virk Manpreet K. , Mian Muhammad Umair M. , Bashir Dalia A. , Wilkes John K. , Schlingman Tobias , Flores Saul , Kennedy Curtis , Lam Fong , Arikan Ayse A. , Nguyen Trung , Mysore Krupa , Galvan Nhu Thao Nguyen , Coss-Bu Jorge , Karpen Saul J. , Harpavat Sanjiv , Desai Moreshwar S. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
In children with biliary atresia (BA), pathologic structural changes within the heart, which define cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, are associated with adverse perioperative outcomes. Despite their clinical relevance, little is known about the pathogenesis and triggers of pathologic remodeling. Bile acid excess causes cardiomyopathy in experimental cirrhosis, but its role in BA is poorly understood.

Methods:
Echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular (LV) geometry [LV mass (LVM), LVM indexed to height, left atrial volume indexed to BSA (LAVI), and LV internal diameter (LVID)] were correlated with circulating serum bile acid concentrations in 40 children (52% female) with BA listed for transplantation. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was generated to determine optimal threshold values of bile acids to detect pathologic changes in LV geometry using Youden index. Paraffin-embedded human heart tissue was separately analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of bile acid-sensing Takeda G-protein-coupled membrane receptor type 5.

Results:
In the cohort, 52% (21/40) of children had abnormal LV geometry; the optimal bile acid concentration to detect this abnormality with 70% sensitivity and 64% specificity was 152 µmol/L (C-statistics=0.68). Children with bile acid concentrations >152 µmol/L had ∼8-fold increased odds of detecting abnormalities in LVM, LVM index, left atrial volume index, and LV internal diameter. Serum bile acids positively correlated with LVM, LVM index, and LV internal diameter. Separately, Takeda G-protein-coupled membrane receptor type 5 protein was detected in myocardial vasculature and cardiomyocytes on immunohistochemistry.

Conclusion:
This association highlights the unique role of bile acids as one of the targetable potential triggers for myocardial structural changes in BA.