bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting SNP markers discriminating horse breeds by deep learning
Authors: Manzoori Siavash , Farahani Amir Hossein Khaltabadi , Moradi Mohammad Hossein , Kazemi-Bonchenari Mehdi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe assignment of an individual to the true population of origin using a low-panel of discriminant SNP markers is one of the most important applications of genomic data for practical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of different Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) approaches consisting Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Garson and Olden methods for feature selection of informative SNP markers from high-throughput genotyping data, that would be able to trace the true breed of unknown samples. The total of 795 animals from 37 breeds, genotyped by using the Illumina SNP 50k Bead chip were used in the current study and principal component analysis (PCA), log-likelihood ratios (LLR) and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) were applied to assess the performance of different assignment methods. The results revealed that the DNN, Garson, and Olden methods are able to assign individuals to true populations with 4270, 4937, and 7999 SNP markers, respectively. The PCA was used to determine how the animals allocated to the groups using all genotyped markers available on 50k Bead chip and the subset of SNP markers identified with different methods. The results indicated that all SNP panels are able to assign individuals into their true breeds. The success percentage of genetic assignment for different methods assessed by different levels of LLR showed that the success rate of 70% in the analysis was obtained by three methods with the number of markers of 110, 208, and 178 tags for DNN, Garson, and Olden methods, respectively. Also the results showed that DNN performed better than other two approaches by achieving 93% accuracy at the most stringent threshold. Finally, the identified SNPs were successfully used in independent out-group breeds consisting 120 individuals from eight breeds and the results indicated that these markers are able to correctly allocate all unknown samples to true population of origin. Furthermore, the NJ tree of allele-sharing distances on the validation dataset showed that the DNN has a high potential for feature selection. In general, the results of this study indicated that the DNN technique represents an efficient strategy for selecting a reduced pool of highly discriminant markers for assigning individuals to the true population of origin.
A Questionnaire-based Study Exploring Participant Perspectives in a Perinatal Human Challenge Trial
Authors: Bevan James H. J. , Theodosiou Anastasia A. , Corner James , Dorey Robert B. , Read Robert C. , Jones Christine E. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Pregnant women have historically been excluded from most medical research, including human challenge studies. The proof-of-concept Lactamica 9 human challenge study investigated whether nasal inoculation of pregnant women with commensal bacteria leads to horizontal transmission to the neonate. Given the unique practical and ethical considerations of both human challenge studies and interventional research involving pregnant women and their newborns, we sought to investigate the motivations, concerns and experiences of these volunteers.

Methods:
Pre- and post-participation questionnaires were given to all participants in the Lactamica 9 study. These fully anonymized qualitative and Semi-quantitative questionnaires used forced Likert scales, word association and free-text questions.

Results:
Pre- and post-participation questionnaires were completed by 87.1% (27/31) and 62.5% (15/24) of eligible participants, respectively. Almost all pre-participation respondents agreed with altruistic motivations for participation, and most concerns were related to discomfort from study procedures, with few concerned about the theoretical risks of inoculation to themselves (5/27; 18.5%) or their baby (6/27; 22.2%). Participants most frequently associated the study intervention with the terms “bacteria,” “natural,” “protective” and “safe.” For the post-participation questionnaire, 93.3% (14/15) found all study procedures acceptable, and qualitative feedback was almost entirely positive, with particular emphasis on the research team’s flexibility, approachability and friendliness.

Conclusions:
The successful completion of the Lactamica 9 study demonstrates that human challenge research in healthy pregnant women can be acceptable and feasible. Participants’ initial concerns of potential discomfort were outweighed by predominantly altruistic motivations and perception of the intervention as “natural.”
Performance of Tools and Measures to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Pediatric Shock and Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Walker Sarah B. , Winters Jessica M. , Schauer Jacob M. , Murphy Peggy , Fawcett Andrea , Sanchez-Pinto L. Nelson 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis we asked: Do predictors of fluid responsiveness in children perform comparably: 1) in the PICU as in non-PICU settings? 2) in shock states compared with nonshock states? Additionally, 3) is there an association between preload responsiveness and clinical response?

DATA SOURCES:
Ovid Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched from inception through May 2022.

STUDY SELECTION:
Included studies reported physiological response to IV fluid administration in humans less than 18 years. Only studies reporting an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were included for descriptive analysis. Only studies for which a se could be estimated were included for meta-analysis.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Title, abstract, full text screening, and extraction were completed by two authors (S.B.W., J.M.W.). Variables extracted included predictors (“tools”) and outcome measures (“reference tests”) of fluid responsiveness, demographic, and clinical variables.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
We identified 62 articles containing 204 AUROCs for 55 tools, primarily describing mechanically ventilated children in an operating room or PICU. Meta-analysis across all tools showed poor predictive performance (AUROC, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.63–0.69), although individual performance varied greatly (range, 0.49–0.87). After controlling for PICU setting and shock state, PICU setting was associated with decreased predictive performance (coefficient, –0.56; p = 0.0007), while shock state was associated with increased performance (0.54; p = 0.0006). Effect of PICU setting and shock state on each tool was not statistically significant but analysis was limited by sample size. The association between preload responsiveness and clinical response was rarely studied but results did not suggest an association. Ultrasound measurements were prone to inherent test review and incorporation biases.

CONCLUSIONS:
We suggest three opportunities for further research in fluid responsiveness in children: 1) assessing predictive performance of tools during resuscitation in shock states; 2) separating predictive tool from reference test when using ultrasound techniques; and 3) targeting decreasing time in a shock state, rather than just increase in preload.
A systematic review of interventions for echolalia in autistic children
Authors: Blackburn Catherine , Tueres Martina , Sandanayake Niki , Roberts Jacqueline , Sutherland Rebecca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionEcholalia, the repetition of others’ speech, is a common observation in autistic people. Research has established that echolalia is functional and meaningful for many; however, some clinicians and researchers continue to characterise it as pathological and in need of reduction. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the range and impact of interventions for echolalia in autistic children.MethodA systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 15 studies met predetermined inclusion criteria. Screening, data extraction and quality rating using the Scientific Merit Rating Scale (SMRS) were performed in duplicate.ResultsTen interventions across 15 papers were found. Results indicated that interventions generally decreased levels of echolalia. However, there were considerable inconsistencies in the definitions and conceptualisations of echolalia, administration, generalisation techniques and the measures used. The quality of the studies was very low.ConclusionInterventions for echolalia vary widely in terms of administration and measurement. There is limited consensus on the definition of echolalia among the reviewed studies, and no evidence that echolalia is recognised as functional or meaningful to the autistic children. Further, the lack of methodological rigour makes it difficult to draw clinical conclusions about the interventions.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known
Echolalia is the immediate or delayed repetition of others’ speech and is a common observation in autistic children and in some older autistic people. While research and practice has established that echolalia is a functional and meaningful form of communication, particularly for those first developing spoken communication, some clinicians and researchers continue to characterise it as problematic and suggest that echolalia should be reduced or eliminated.What this study adds
We systematically searched the literature about echolalia interventions to try to find out about the types of interventions that aim to reduce or eliminate echolalia. We found 15 studies on this topic. The way they defined echolalia was varied, and there was a range of interventions researched. None of the research papers recognised echolalia as functional or meaningful and the quality of the research was very low.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?
Clinicians, families and researchers should think carefully and critically about suggesting any programs or supports that aim to reduce echolalia as no recommendations can be drawn from the research we studied. Echolalia should be considered functional, and efforts made to understand the meaning and purpose of echolalic speech.
Salvage holmium laser enucleation of the prostate after previous interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Kallidonis Panagiotis , Spinos Theodoros , Peteinaris Angelis , Somani Bhaskar , Liatsikos Evangelos 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the re‐treatment setting (salvage HoLEP) and compare it to the primary HoLEP procedure that is commonly used for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Materials and MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were systematically screened, from inception to 8 August 2022. Other potentially eligible studies were retrieved using the reference lists of the included studies. Retrospective and prospective studies, both comparative and non‐comparative, were included.ResultsA total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final qualitative synthesis. One study was prospective comparative (non‐randomised), seven studies were retrospective comparative, and four studies were retrospective non‐comparative or case series. In total, 831 patients were treated with salvage HoLEP in the above studies. Previous intervention before salvage HoLEP ranged among studies. The most commonly performed was transurethral resection of the prostate. Intraoperative parameters of salvage HoLEP were comparable with those reported during primary HoLEP, while all postoperative outcomes were significantly improved after salvage HoLEP and were similar with those observed after primary HoLEP. No major complications were noted after salvage HoLEP according to Clavien–Dindo classification.ConclusionsSalvage HoLEP after previous interventions for treating recurrent or residual BPH is a feasible, safe, and efficient procedure. Data presented in selected studies, along with the holmium laser's physical properties to resect more tissue and to dissect along the true anatomical plane of BPH, render HoLEP an ideal salvage treatment modality for recurrent or residual BPH symptoms.
Mechanical properties of three‐dimensional trilayered Li–garnet electrolyte for high‐rate cycling in solid‐state batteries
Authors: Fu Zhezhen , Wachsman Eric 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUtilizing tape casting–laminating–sintering technique, we developed a three‐dimensional (3D) porous–dense–porous trilayered Li–garnet framework that enables symmetric cycling lithium metal under high current densities for long time (∼3–10 mA/cm2 for over ∼500 h). To address the reasons that such 3D Li–garnet framework can withhold high current density and long‐term cycling, both experiments (nanoindentation and bending) and simulations (finite element analysis [FEA]) regarding mechanical properties on such 3D framework were employed. The results indicate that (1) the dense layer has high and uniform elastic modulus and hardness so can efficiently prevent lithium penetration and dendrites growth; (2) the porous layer, including the grains and the necking regions, has high nanomechanical properties to withhold the lithium penetration stress; (3) the spherical pores in the porous layer can withhold higher lithium penetration forces/stress compared with rectangular/regular pores based on FEA. The flexural strength of the whole structure was also characterized using the three‐point bending method to demonstrate the high strength (∼30.8–42.1 MPa) of the 3D framework. A rule‐of‐mixtures model was developed, which can be used to estimate the flexural strength of the trilayered framework based on the microstructures. Correlations between the mechanical properties and the high‐rate cycling are further discussed.
Stricter Blood Pressure Control Is Associated With Lower Left Ventricular Mass in Children After Kidney Transplantation: A Longitudinal Analysis of the 4C-T Study
Authors: Sugianto Rizky I. , Grabitz Carl , Bayazit Aysun , Duzova Ali , Thurn-Valsassina Daniela , Memaran Nima , Doyon Anke , Canpolat Nur , Kaplan Bulut Ipek , Azukaitis Karolis , Obrycki Łukasz , Anarat Ali , Büscher Rainer , Caliskan Salim , Harambat Jérôme , Lugani Francesca , Ozcakar Zeynep B. , Paripović Dušan , Ranchin Bruno , Querfeld Uwe , Schaefer Franz , Schmidt Bernhard M.W. , Melk Anette 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
We assessed the effect of blood pressure (BP) control on left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).

METHODS:
Ninety-six patients (64 males) ≥9 months post–kidney transplantation from the 4C-T (Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease and Transplantation) study were analyzed longitudinally (mean follow-up, 2.6±1.3 years). Cumulative systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic BP exposure was calculated as a time-averaged area under the curve and categorized: ≤50th, 50th to ≤75th, 75th to ≤90th, and >90th percentile (pct). We performed adjusted linear and logistic mixed models for LVMI and LVH, respectively.

RESULTS:

At baseline, LVMI was 49.7±12.7g/m
2.16
with 64% (n=61) kidney transplantation recipients displaying LVH. Compared with patients with cumulative SBP exposure >90th pct, patients with cumulative SBP of 50th to ≤75th showed a significant LVMI reduction of −5.24g/m
2.16
(
P
=0.007). A similar tendency was seen for cumulative SBP≤50th (β=−3.70 g/m
2.16
;
P
=0.067), but patients with cumulative SBP of 75th to ≤90th pct showed no reduction. A post hoc analysis in patients with cumulative SBP≤75th revealed that median SBP exposure was at 57.5th pct. For cumulative diastolic BP, a significant LVMI reduction was seen in all 3 categories ≤90th pct compared with patients >90th pct. Patients with cumulative SBP of ≤50th or 50th to ≤75th pct showed 79% or 83% lower odds of developing LVH, respectively. Patients with cumulative diastolic BP ≤50th showed a tendency of 82% lower odds for LVH (95% CI, 0.03–1.07).

CONCLUSIONS:
Stricter BP control led to regression of LVMI and LVH. Our data suggest a BP target below the 60th pct, which needs to be substantiated in a randomized controlled trial.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Risk of Ischemic Stroke After Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Simonetto Marialaura , Sheth Kevin N. , Ziai Wendy C. , Iadecola Costantino , Zhang Cenai , Murthy Santosh B. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Whether there are racial and ethnic disparities in the risk of ischemic stroke after ICH is poorly understood. We therefore aimed to test the hypothesis that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic ICH patients have a higher risk of ischemic stroke compared with non-Hispanic White ICH patients.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) on all hospitalizations at all nonfederal hospitals in Florida from 2005 to 2018 and New York from 2006 to 2016. Race and ethnicity were coded as a single variable in HCUP. We included patients with an ICH, and without a prior or concomitant diagnosis of ischemic stroke, ascertained using validated
International Classification of Diseases—Clinical Modification—9 and 10
diagnosis codes. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we studied the relationship between race and risk of ischemic stroke starting from the time of discharge from ICH hospitalization, after adjustment of demographics and vascular comorbidities.

RESULTS:
We included 91 342 patients with ICH—62% non-Hispanic White, 18% non-Hispanic Black, and 12% Hispanic patients. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients were younger and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities; however, atrial fibrillation was more prevalent among non-Hispanic White patients. During a median follow-up period of 4.4 years (interquartile range, 1.5–8.1), an incident ischemic stroke occurred in 3377 (6%) non-Hispanic White, 1323 (8%) non-Hispanic Black, and 844 (8%) Hispanic patients. In adjusted Cox models, the risk of an ischemic stroke was significantly higher among non-Hispanic Black patients (hazard ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.5–1.8]) and Hispanic patients (hazard ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3–1.5]), compared with non-Hispanic White patients. Similar results were obtained in sensitivity analyses when using death as a competing risk and after excluding patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a large heterogeneous cohort of patients with ICH, we found that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients had a significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke compared with non-Hispanic White patients.
The effect of sex and estrus cycle stage on optogenetic spreading depression induced migraine-like pain phenotypes
Authors: Harriott Andrea M. , Waruinge Angel , Appiah-Danquah Viola , Berhanu Leah , Morais Andreia , Ayata Cenk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is more prevalent in females, raising the possibility that sex and gonadal hormones modulate migraine. We recently demonstrated that minimally invasive optogenetic spreading depolarization (opto-SD) elicits robust periorbital allodynia. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that opto-SD induced migraine-like pain behavior is worse in females and varies during the estrus cycle.MethodsSingle or repeated opto-SDs were induced in male and female adult Thy1-ChR2-YFP transgenic mice. Von Frey monofilaments were used to test periorbital mechanical allodynia. Mouse grimace was also examined under increasing light intensity to quantify spontaneous discomfort and light-aversive behavior. Vaginal smears were obtained for estrus cycle staging at the end of behavioral testing.ResultsA multi-variable regression analysis was performed using a male and female cohort to test the effect of independent variables on periorbital allodynia. Opto-SD predicted lower periorbital thresholds as compared with sham stimulation (p < 0.0001). Additionally, female sex predicted lower periorbital thresholds compared with males (p = 0.011). There were significant interactions between opto-SD and time (interactionp = 0.030) as animals tended to recover from opto-SD allodynia over time, and between sex and time (p = 0.020) as females tended to take longer to recover. Proestrus, estrus (PE) and metestrus, diestrus (MD) stages were combined to represent high versus low circulating estradiol relative to progesterone, respectively. Multi-variable regression revealed an effect of estrus cycle (p = 0.015) on periorbital thresholds. In the sham group, PE had lower thresholds than MD. However, there was no interaction between opto-SD and the estrus cycle (p = 0.364). Grimace scores were also examined at incremental light intensities. There was an effect of opto-SD (p < 0.0001), light intensity (p = 0.001) and estrus cycle (p = 0.024) on grimace without interaction among them (three-way ANOVA).ConclusionsFemale sex and estrus stages with high circulating estradiol relative to progesterone lower trigeminal pain thresholds and augment photosensitivity. In females, opto-SD increased pain behavior and photosensitivity irrespective of the estrus stage.Graphical Abstract
Intravenous iron and erythropoietin therapy for postoperative anemia among orthopedic surgery patients
Authors: Chen Huixin , Yu Jing , Wei Qing , Zhang Yu , Ouyang Xilin , Wang Shun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Postoperative anemia is a risk factor for adverse surgical outcomes. Our study aimed to assess the role of intravenous iron and erythropoietin therapy for the rapid correction of anemia following orthopedic surgery.

Methods
Patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into three groups: Control (placebo), Group 1 (IV iron monotherapy), and Group 2 [combined IV iron and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy]. Blood tests were performed preoperative (baseline) and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 7.

Results
All groups demonstrated significantly lower hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations compared to baseline, with no significant inter-group differences in postoperative Hb concentrations (p > 0.05). Serum erythropoietin, ferritin, and vitamin B12 levels, and reticulocyte count increased beyond normal ranges in all groups. Significantly lower serum iron levels were observed postoperatively in all groups (p < 0.05). No significant inter-group differences in hepcidin level were observed (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Postoperative treatment with combined intravenous iron and rHuEPO was ineffective in correcting postoperative anemia among orthopedic surgery patients, besides achieving higher reticulocyte counts in the first week of surgery. No improvement in mobilization of storage iron was achieved with rHuEPO. We further suggest against vitamin B12 administration during the early postoperative period.