bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Relationships of Crime Victimization with Depression, Anxiety, and Loneliness in Twin Families
Authors: Gonggrijp B.M.A. , van de Weijer S.G.A. , van Dongen J. , Slob E.M.A. , Bijleveld C.C.J.H. , Boomsma D.I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCrime victimization is associated with a more unfavorable health profile. We examined associations of victimization of property, violence, and sexual crime with mental health indices for depression, anxiety, and loneliness and explore their etiology in Dutch twin families. The data were collected from adult twins, their parents, siblings, spouses, and offspring participating in longitudinal survey studies of the Netherlands Twin Register (N = 19,867). First, we tested if there is an association between victimization and loneliness, anxiety, and depression at the population level. Second, discordant twin pairs were identified, where one twin was a crime victim and the cotwin was not. This design allows controlling for confounding by shared environment and genetic factors. Third, a longitudinal comparison was made of pre- and post-victimization data in victims, their family members, and unrelated individuals. At the population level, victimization was associated with increased depression, anxiety, and loneliness, except for property crime, which was not associated with depression and anxiety. The associations were strongest for violent and sexual crimes. Within discordant twin pairs, no significant differences were found between the victimized and non-victimized twins. These results confirm that crime victimization is associated with adverse mental health outcomes and loneliness, with the strength of this association differing per type of crime. There is no strong evidence that the relationship between victimization and mental health or loneliness follows a simple causal model, as the relationship can be partly explained by genetic and shared environmental confounding. These results also suggest that victims of sexual and violent crimes may already experience more mental health problems before victimization than non-victims, and that individuals with more mental health problems and loneliness are at increased risk of becoming a victim.
Bootstrap percolation in random geometric graphs
Authors: Falgas-Ravry Victor , Sarkar Amites 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFollowing Bradonjić and Saniee, we study a model of bootstrap percolation on the Gilbert random geometric graph on the 2-dimensional torus. In this model, the expected number of vertices of the graph is n, and the expected degree of a vertex is
$a\log n$
for some fixed
$a>1$
. Each vertex is added with probability p to a set
$A_0$
of initially infected vertices. Vertices subsequently become infected if they have at least
$ \theta a \log n $
infected neighbours. Here
$p, \theta \in [0,1]$
are taken to be fixed constants.We show that if
$\theta < (1+p)/2$
, then a sufficiently large local outbreak leads with high probability to the infection spreading globally, with all but o(n) vertices eventually becoming infected. On the other hand, for
$ \theta > (1+p)/2$
, even if one adversarially infects every vertex inside a ball of radius
$O(\sqrt{\log n} )$
, with high probability the infection will spread to only o(n) vertices beyond those that were initially infected.In addition we give some bounds on the
$(a, p, \theta)$
regions ensuring the emergence of large local outbreaks or the existence of islands of vertices that never become infected. We also give a complete picture of the (surprisingly complex) behaviour of the analogous 1-dimensional bootstrap percolation model on the circle. Finally we raise a number of problems, and in particular make a conjecture on an ‘almost no percolation or almost full percolation’ dichotomy which may be of independent interest.
Prelude to the Tudor conquest: Henry VIII and the Irish expedition of Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey, 1520–22
Authors: Ellis Steven G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring the brief ‘universal peace’ following the treaty of London in 1518, Surrey's expedition brought to Ireland as chief governor Henry VIII's best general, ostensibly leading a reconnaissance in force to discover how the king might reduce the land to order and obedience. Despite the expedition's protracted planning, as here outlined, the king's aims remained unclear, at least to Surrey. His army spent most of the time garrisoning the Pale and compelling submissions by neighbouring border chiefs. As suggested in a previously unnoticed cache of documents, King Henry hoped the Irish could be persuaded to use English law and the king's courts, restoring crown land since overrun, so that a recovery of the revenues would meet the expedition's costs. When Surrey insisted that Ireland's reform would entail a lengthy and costly military conquest, he soon lost interest. As renewed war threatened in continental Europe, Surrey was instructed to focus on the Pale's defence to reduce the king's costs, so conserving the monarch's treasure for other ‘higher enterprises’. Surrey's short-lived expedition and brief recall disrupted the political stability established by the earl of Kildare's defence of the Pale, with little achieved.
Multi‐Year Controls on Groundwater Storage in Seasonally Snow‐Covered Headwater Catchments
Authors: Wolf Margaret A. , Jamison Logan R. , Solomon D. Kip , Strong Courtenay , Brooks Paul D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeasonally snow‐covered catchments in the western United States supply water to growing populations as both annual snowmelt‐driven streamflow and multi‐year groundwater recharge. Although interannual variability in streamflow is driven largely by precipitation, runoff efficiency (the ratio of streamflow to precipitation) in individual catchments varies by 50% or more. Recent work suggests that interannual variability in groundwater storage, inferred from winter baseflow, is a primary control on runoff efficiency, highlighting a need to quantify both the time scales on which groundwater storage varies and the hydro‐climatic drivers of storage. Using over a century of daily stream discharge data from 10 seasonally snow‐covered catchments in northern Utah, we find that temporal variability in winter baseflow, an index of groundwater storage, measured from mean daily January discharge, exhibits a 2–5‐ and 12–15‐year periodicity, driven by regional precipitation patterns and snowmelt dynamics. Specifically, multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling using antecedent hydro‐climatic variables demonstrates that winter baseflow (groundwater storage) was positively related to 3–4 years of antecedent annual precipitation, negatively related to the previous year's mean annual temperature, and positively related to 1–4 antecedent years of snowmelt rate and duration. Because antecedent baseflow (groundwater storage) is strongly related to runoff efficiency, these results suggest that more frequent and longer droughts in a future climate will reduce surface water supplies faster than otherwise expected. More broadly, these results highlight the importance of including the influence of antecedent climate on groundwater storage when modeling and managing water supplies from seasonally snow‐covered catchments.
An Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Model Based on the Capillary Bundle Model, the Brooks‐Corey Model and Waxman‐Smits Model
Authors: Fu Yongwei , Horton Robert , Ren Tusheng , Heitman Joshua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K), which depends on water content (θ) and matric potential (ψ), exhibits a high degree of variability at the field scale. Here we first develop a theoretical hydraulic‐electrical conductivity (σ) relationship under low and high salinity cases based on the capillary bundle model and Waxman and Smits model which can account for the non‐linear behavior of σ at low salinities. Then the K‐σ relationship is converted into a K(θ, ψ) model using the Brooks‐Corey model. The model includes two parameters c and γ. Parameter c accounts for the variation of the term (λ + 2)/(λ + 4) where λ is the pore size distribution parameter in the Brooks‐Corey model, and the term m‐n where m and n are Archie's saturation and cementation exponents, respectively. Parameter γ is the sum of the tortuosity factor accounting for the differences between hydraulic and electrical tortuosity and Archie's saturation exponent. Based on a calibration data set of 150 soils selected from the UNSODA database, the best fitting log(c) and γ values were determined as −2.53 and 1.92, −4.39 and −0.14, −5.01 and −1.34, and −5.79 and −2.27 for four textural groups. The estimated log10(K) values with the new K(θ, ψ) model compared well to the measured values from an independent data set of 49 soils selected from the UNSODA database, with mean error (ME), relative error (RE), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.02, 8.8%, 0.80 and 0.73, respectively. A second test of the new K(θ, ψ) model using a data set representing 23 soils reported in the literature also showed good agreement between estimated and measured log10(K) values with ME of −0.01, RE of 9.5%, RMSE of 0.77 and R2 of 0.85. The new K(θ, ψ) model outperformed the Mualem‐van Genuchten model and two recently published pedo‐transfer functions. The new K(θ, ψ) model can be applied for estimating K under field conditions and for hydrologic modeling without need for soil water retention curve data fitting to derive a K function.
Behavior Under Cyclic Loading of Freshwater Ice and Sea Ice With Thermal Microcracks
Authors: Murdza Andrii , Schulson Erland M. , Renshaw Carl E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe combination of thinning ice, larger waves, and damage due to diurnal thermal cycling motivate the need to better understand the impact of flexing under the action of oceanic waves on the strength of thermally cracked ice. To that end, new experiments were performed on freshwater, lab‐grown ice and first‐year natural sea ice. Both materials were cracked by thermal shocking and then subsequently cyclically flexed. Initially, the thermal cracks weakened both materials. When the cracked ice of either origin was cyclically flexed under fully reversed loading, its flexural strength, initially reduced by the stress‐concentrating action of the cracks, recovered to the strength of non‐cracked, non‐flexed ice. When the cracked ice was cyclically flexed non‐reversely, its strength recovered only partially. During reversed cyclic flexing, the cracked region experienced alternately compressive and tensile stresses. We suggest compression resulted in contact of opposing crack faces followed by sintering leading to strength recovery. During non‐reversed cyclic flexing, contact and sintering were reduced and ice strength did not fully recover. The tendency for cracks to heal during cyclic flexing may lessen their threat to the structural integrity of an ice cover.
Effect of Grain Shape and Relative Humidity on the Nonlinear Elastic Properties of Granular Media
Authors: Gao L. , Shokouhi P. , Rivière J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on unraveling the microphysical origins of the nonlinear elastic effects, which are pervasive in the Earth's crust. Here, we examine the influence of grain shape on the elastic nonlinearity of granular assemblies. We find that the elastic nonlinearity of angular sand particles is of the same order of magnitude as that previously measured in spherical glass beads. However, while the elastic nonlinearity of glass beads increases by an order of magnitude with RH that of sand particles is rather RH independent. We attribute this difference to the angularity of sand particles: absorbed water on the spherical grains weakens the junctions making them more nonlinear, while no such effect occurs in sand due to grain interlocking. Additionally, for one of the nonlinear parameters that likely arises from shearing/partial slip of the grain junctions, we observe a sharp amplitude threshold in sand which is not observed in glass beads.
Detection of neuronal defensive discharge information transmission and characteristics in periaqueductal gray double-subregions using PtNP/PEDOT:PSS modified microelectrode arrays
Authors: Lu Botao , Fan Penghui , Li Ming , Wang Yiding , Liang Wei , Yang Gucheng , Mo Fan , Xu Zhaojie , Shan Jin , Song Yilin , Liu Juntao , Wu Yirong , Cai Xinxia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThreatened animals respond with appropriate defensive behaviors to survive. It has been accepted that midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays an essential role in the circuitry system and organizes defensive behavioral responses. However, the role and correlation of different PAG subregions in the expression of different defensive behaviors remain largely unexplored. Here, we designed and manufactured a microelectrode array (MEA) to simultaneously detect the activities of dPAG and vPAG neurons in freely behaving rats. To improve the detection performance of the MEAs, PtNP/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites were modified onto the MEAs. Subsequently, the predator odor was used to induce the rat’s innate fear, and the changes and information transmission in neuronal activities were detected in the dPAG and vPAG. Our results showed that the dPAG and vPAG participated in innate fear, but the activation degree was distinct in different defense behaviors. During flight, neuronal responses were stronger and earlier in the dPAG than the vPAG, while vPAG neurons responded more strongly during freezing. By applying high-performance MEA, it was revealed that neural information spread from the activated dPAG to the weakly activated vPAG. Our research also revealed that dPAG and vPAG neurons exhibited different defensive discharge characteristics, and dPAG neurons participated in the regulation of defense responses with burst-firing patterns. The slow activation and continuous firing of vPAG neurons cooresponded with the regulation of long-term freezing responses. The results demonstrated the important role of PAG neuronal activities in controlling different aspects of defensive behaviors and provided novel insights for investigating defense from the electrophysiological perspective.
Genome-wide DNA methylation association study of recent and cumulative marijuana use in middle aged adults
Authors: Nannini Drew R. , Zheng Yinan , Joyce Brian T. , Kim Kyeezu , Gao Tao , Wang Jun , Jacobs David R. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Yaffe Kristine , Greenland Philip , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Hou Lifang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMarijuana is a widely used psychoactive substance in the US and medical and recreational legalization has risen over the past decade. Despite the growing number of individuals using marijuana, studies investigating the association between epigenetic factors and recent and cumulative marijuana use remain limited. We therefore investigated the association between recent and cumulative marijuana use and DNA methylation levels. Participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study with whole blood collected at examination years (Y) 15 and Y20 were randomly selected to undergo DNA methylation profiling at both timepoints using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Recent use of marijuana was queried at each examination and used to estimate cumulative marijuana use from Y0 to Y15 and Y20. At Y15 (n = 1023), we observed 22 and 31 methylation markers associated (FDR P ≤ 0.05) with recent and cumulative marijuana use and 132 and 16 methylation markers at Y20 (n = 883), respectively. We replicated 8 previously reported methylation markers associated with marijuana use. We further identified 640 cis-meQTLs and 198 DMRs associated with recent and cumulative use at Y15 and Y20. Differentially methylated genes were statistically overrepresented in pathways relating to cellular proliferation, hormone signaling, and infections as well as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance-related disorders. We identified numerous methylation markers, pathways, and diseases associated with recent and cumulative marijuana use in middle-aged adults, providing additional insight into the association between marijuana use and the epigenome. These results provide novel insights into the role marijuana has on the epigenome and related health conditions.
Gut microbiome determines therapeutic effects of OCA on NAFLD by modulating bile acid metabolism
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Sun Jiayi , Yu Jiangkun , Chen Hang , Zhang Dan , Zhang Tao , Ma Yicheng , Zou Chenggang , Zhang Zhigang , Ma Lanqing , Yu Xue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease, had no approved pharmacological agents yet. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a novel bile acid derivative, was demonstrated to ameliorate NAFLD-related manifestations. Regarding the role of gut-liver axis in liver disease development, this study aimed to explore the potential role of gut microbiota in the treatment of OCA in NAFLD mice induced by the high-fat diet (HFD). Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion (AIMD) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the critical role of gut microbiota in OCA treatment for NAFLD by effectively alleviating histopathological lesions and restoring liver function impaired by HFD. Metagenomic analysis indicated that OCA intervention in HFD mice remarkably increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Alistipes spp., Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus thermophilus, and Parasutterella excrementihominis. Targeted metabolomics analysis indicated that OCA could modulate host bile acids pool by reducing levels of serum hydrophobic cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and increasing levels of serum-conjugated bile acids, such as taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and tauroursodesoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in the HFD-fed mice. Strong correlations were observed between differentially abundant microbes and the shifted bile acids. Furthermore, bacteria enriched by OCA intervention exhibited much greater potential in encoding 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDs) producing secondary bile acids rather than bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) mainly responsible for primary bile acid deconjugation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that OCA intervention altered gut microbiota composition with specially enriched gut microbes modulating host bile acids, thus effectively alleviating NAFLD in the mice.
Estrogen/HER2 receptor crosstalk in breast cancer: combination therapies to improve outcomes for patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Pegram Mark , Jackisch Christian , Johnston Stephen R. D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 13–22% of breast cancers (BC). Approximately 60–70% of HER2+ BC co-express hormone receptors (HRs). HR/HER2 co-expression modulates response to both anti-HER2–directed and endocrine therapy due to “crosstalk” between the estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 pathways. Combined HER2/ER blockade may be an effective treatment strategy for patients with HR+/HER2+ BC in the appropriate clinical setting(s). In this review, we provide an overview of crosstalk between the ER and HER2 pathways, summarize data from recently published and ongoing clinical trials, and discuss clinical implications for targeted treatment of HR+/HER2+ BC.
Enhanced rare-earth separation with a metal-sensitive lanmodulin dimer
Authors: Mattocks Joseph A. , Jung Jonathan J. , Lin Chi-Yun , Dong Ziye , Yennawar Neela H. , Featherston Emily R. , Kang-Yun Christina S. , Hamilton Timothy A. , Park Dan M. , Boal Amie K. , Cotruvo Joseph A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTechnologically critical rare-earth elements are notoriously difficult to separate, owing to their subtle differences in ionic radius and coordination number1–3. The natural lanthanide-binding protein lanmodulin (LanM)4,5 is a sustainable alternative to conventional solvent-extraction-based separation6. Here we characterize a new LanM, from Hansschlegelia quercus (Hans-LanM), with an oligomeric state sensitive to rare-earth ionic radius, the lanthanum(III)-induced dimer being >100-fold tighter than the dysprosium(III)-induced dimer. X-ray crystal structures illustrate how picometre-scale differences in radius between lanthanum(III) and dysprosium(III) are propagated to Hans-LanM’s quaternary structure through a carboxylate shift that rearranges a second-sphere hydrogen-bonding network. Comparison to the prototypal LanM from Methylorubrum extorquens reveals distinct metal coordination strategies, rationalizing Hans-LanM’s greater selectivity within the rare-earth elements. Finally, structure-guided mutagenesis of a key residue at the Hans-LanM dimer interface modulates dimerization in solution and enables single-stage, column-based separation of a neodymium(III)/dysprosium(III) mixture to >98% individual element purities. This work showcases the natural diversity of selective lanthanide recognition motifs, and it reveals rare-earth-sensitive dimerization as a biological principle by which to tune the performance of biomolecule-based separation processes.
High-resolution maps of critical loads for sulfur and nitrogen in China
Authors: Ge Xiaodong , Yu Qian , Duan Lei , Zhao Yu , Posch Maximilian , Hao Jiming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe critical load concept is an important scientific guideline for acid deposition control. It was not only a crucial scientific basis to determine the emission reduction targets in Europe, but also used in China’s air pollution control, especially the designation of two control zones. Currently, critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen are still exceeded in Europe, America, and East Asia (mainly in China), and need to be continuously updated to meet the demands of further emission reductions. Critical loads of China were calculated and mapped in the 2000s, but are not sufficiently accurate due to methodological and data limitations. Here we present the latest high-quality critical loads for China, based on high-resolution basic data on soil, vegetation, and atmospheric base cations deposition, and up-to-date knowledge on important parameters. Our data, which is going to be included in GAINS-China, can be used to assess the ecological benefits of nitrogen and sulfur reductions in China at a regional or national scale, and to develop mitigation strategies in the future.