bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality factors in patients with myasthenia gravis: A prospective study
Authors: Jordan Berit , Förster Luise , Buchholz Theresa , Sperfeld Anne‐Dorte , Zierz Stephan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn myasthenia gravis (MG), depression and anxiety have frequently been reported as comorbidities. However, little is known about personality characteristics in MG patients. We aimed to characterise personality traits in MG and to correlate them with disease severity and disease course.MethodsThe Big Five Inventory data questionnaire was used to investigate personality traits in 44 MG patients and 45 healthy controls similar in age and gender. In 28 MG patients, a caregiver was also available for patient assessments to limit bias associated with social desirability in patients’ responses. Patients were assessed with regard to premorbid personality (before manifestation of MG) and to present condition. In addition, anxiety and depression scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory) were applied.ResultsCompared to controls, MG patients showed significantly higher levels of neuroticism, whereas openness and extraversion were significantly lower. Agreeableness and conscientiousness did not differ between groups. Neuroticism was influenced by disease severity such as generalization of weakness, presence of thymoma, and bulbar involvement as well as disease duration. Neuroticism correlated with premorbid level of neuroticism but also with depression and anxiety scores.ConclusionA personality profile of increased neuroticism and lower openness and extraversion in MG patients may contribute considerably to the perception of disease severity. It may also be related to frequent comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. Although premorbid levels of neuroticism were increased, this characteristic may also increase considerably during the course of the disease. The data indicate that muscle weakness in MG is accompanied or even complicated by psychological aspects. Therefore, a psychological and behavioral intervention in addition to the specific pharmacological therapy might be of particular value.
An atypical promyelocytic sarcoma and pleural effusion in a patient with Gorham's disease: Efficiency of ATRA/ATO‐based treatment
Authors: Loyaux Romain , Lecolant Solène , Cysique Foilan Leila , Pradon Caroline , Cotteret Sophie , Micol Jean‐Baptiste , Stoclin Annabelle , Saada Véronique , Marzac Christophe , Arbab Ahmadreza 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis is the first case of a promyelocytic sarcoma diagnosed on pleural effusion and exposed the difficulty of demonstrating a leukemic phase in patients with bone diseases, such as Gorham's disease. It also showed that promyelocytic sarcoma can be treated by ATRA/ATO‐based therapy with an efficient and tolerated response.AbstractMyeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumoral infiltration of immature myeloid cells and can occur in different sites of the body, without leukemic infiltration. A 38‐year‐old woman patient presented at emergency with a pleural effusion, bicytopenias, and Gorham's disease, a very rare bone disorder. In the following days, she worsened with a chylothorax and pancytopenias. Pleural puncture cytologically revealed promyelocytes with Auer rods. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses subsequently confirmed the presence of the t(15:17) translocation. However, no circulating phase of these atypical promyelocytes was found. Similarly, no other origin was identified. We conclude that the patient had a MS of unknown etiology in the form of a pleural effusion with pathological promyelocytes. The patient was treated with a combination of oral all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) with a cytological and molecular remission persisting 3 months after diagnosis. We report here the first case of a promyelocytic MS of pleural origin without concomitant evidence of acute promyelocytic leukemia. We also show the efficacy of ATRA/ATO treatment in this etiology.
Kinetics in the box – kinetic experiments on the oxidation of brilliant blue FCF using a smartphone based setup (“boxometer”)
Authors: Czubatinski Lars , Weisenburger Fabienne , Hornung Gabriele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDer Artikel beschreibt eigens entwickelte Schulversuche anhand derer die zentralen Begriffe der Reaktionskinetik in der Oberstufe behandelt werden können. Als Modellreaktion dient das oxidative Bleichen von Brillantblau FCF mit Natriumpercarbonat. Die Konzentrationsänderungen im Verlauf der Reaktion werden mithilfe eines auf Smartphones basierten Versuchsaufbaus verfolgt. Dieser Aufbau wurde von uns entwickelt und stellt eine aus physikalischer Sicht optimierte Variante bereits gängiger, auf dem RGB‐System basierender, Messverfahren („Smartphotometer“) dar. Da die eigentliche Messung bei unserem Versuchsaufbau in einem Karton stattfindet, nennen wir diesen „Boxometer“. Er erlaubt Messungen mit erstaunlicher Güte, die im gewählten Kontext in ihrer Aussagekraft den Messergebnissen eines Spektralphotometers ebenbürtig sind. Auf diese Weise konnten wir Versuche für die Schule entwickeln, die eine einfache Bestimmung der Reaktionsordnung und der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten k erlauben. Ebenso kann die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten in kurzer Zeit experimentell dargestellt werden.
Electroorganic synthesis: bromination of thymol blue and phenol red
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIm Beitrag werden zwei Modellexperimente zum Themengebiet „Elektroorganische Synthesen“ vorgeschlagen. Hierbei handelt es sich um die Bromierung von Thymolblau und Phenolrot. Beide Verbindungen sind pH‐Indikatoren, deren Bromierung zu ebenfalls pH‐sensitiven Produkten führt. Diese können mit schulischen Mitteln leicht identifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus werden Hinweise zur Implementierung der Experimente in den Chemieunterricht gegeben.
Fabrication of Hyperbranched Photomechanical Crystals Composed of a Photochromic Diarylethene
Authors: Isobe Mami , Kitagawa Daichi , Kobatake Seiya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report the fabrication of hyperbranched hollow crystals of 1,2‐bis(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene on a concave surface of the spherical glass substrate by sublimation and their practical photomechanical behaviors. The number of units of the branched structure of the hollow crystals composed of this compound is proportional to the substrate curvature of the substrate. Compared with the sublimation process of the same compound on the flat glass substrate, two kinds of the thin film domains are generated separately in the center and around the edge of the spherical glass substrate. Especially under the high relative humidity condition, the boundaries between these thin film domains move gradually around the edge through the center during as long as 6 h of sublimation time so that the hyperbranched hollow crystals are densely produced on the entire surface of the substrate. These hyperbranched hollow crystals can be prepared with the highly ordered molecular packing due to the very slow formation process of the crystalline walls of the hollow structures. Furthermore, the photo‐induced bending behaviors in the few‐ and highly‐branched hollow crystals have the practical roles in moving and bending the minute objects according to their characteristics of these branched shapes.
Modular Synthesis of Fluoro‐Substituted Furan Compounds via Controllable Fluorination of Biomass‐Based 5‐HMF and Its Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Ze‐Kuan , Xu Wen‐Yan , Gong Tian‐Jun , Fu Yao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) is regarded as one of the most promising platform feedstocks for producing valuable chemicals, fuels, and materials. In this study, we present a controllable fluorination technique for biomass‐based 5‐HMF and its oxygenated derivatives. This technique allows us to synthesize mono‐fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, and acylfluoro‐substituted furan compounds by adjusting experimental conditions such as different fluorine sources and mole ratio. To gain a deeper understanding the reactivity order, we conducted intermolecular and intramolecular competition experiments. The results revealed that the hydroxyl group exhibited the highest reactivity, followed by the aldehyde group. This finding provides important theoretical support and opens up the possibility of selective fluorination. The reaction offers several advantages, including mild conditions, no need for inert gas protection, and easy operation. Furthermore, the fluoro‐substituted furan compounds can be further transformed for the preparation of drug analogs, offering a new route for the high‐value utilization of biomass molecules.
Pubertal maturation and timing effects on resting state electroencephalography in autistic and comparison youth
Authors: Rea Hannah M. , Clawson Ann , Hudac Caitlin M. , Santhosh Megha , Bernier Raphael A. , Earl Rachel K. , Pelphrey Kevin A. , Webb Sara Jane , Neuhaus Emily ,   the GENDAAR Consortium
Published: August 2023

AbstractAutistic and comparison individuals differ in resting‐state electroencephalography (EEG), such that sex and age explain variability within and between groups. Pubertal maturation and timing may further explain variation, as previous work has suggested alterations in pubertal timing in autistic youth. In a sample from two studies of 181 autistic and 94 comparison youth (8 years to 17 years and 11 months), mixed‐effects linear regressions were conducted to assess differences in EEG (midline power for theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands). Alpha power was analyzed as a mediator in the relation between pubertal maturation and timing with autistic traits in the autistic groups to understand the role of puberty in brain‐based changes that contribute to functional outcomes. Individuals advanced in puberty exhibited decreased power in all bands. Those who experienced puberty relatively early showed decreased power in theta and beta bands, controlling for age, sex, and diagnosis. Autistic individuals further along in pubertal development exhibited lower social skills. Alpha mediated the relation between puberty and repetitive behaviors. Pubertal maturation and timing appear to play unique roles in the development of cognitive processes for autistic and comparison youth and should be considered in research on developmental variation in resting‐state EEG.
Processes driving individual variation in environmental DNA deposition rates in Daphnia magna
Authors: Wang Xueqi , Hanner Robert , Fryxell John M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe abundance of environmental DNA (eDNA) in water samples has been proposed as a sensitive, cost‐efficient, and non‐invasive alternative to infer population abundance and biomass, regardless of the acknowledgment that a number of biotic and abiotic factors can lead to substantially varying rates of eDNA deposition among organisms in a population. We tested how metabolic, nutritional, and life history processes shape intraspecific eDNA deposition rates in the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna. We extracted water samples from individual D. magna raised in glass vials under a 2 × 2 longitudinal factorial manipulation of temperature and food levels over their entire lifespan, and quantified eDNA daily deposition rates using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Analyzed using a hypothesis‐driven nested mixed‐effect modeling framework, we showed that per individual D. magna eDNA deposition rate varied by an order of magnitude over the course of each individual's lifespan due to multiple causes. We identified that large and pregnant D. magna had the highest eDNA deposition rates, particularly under warmer conditions with higher food levels, and thus, should be considered a prime target for field detections. We found that recently deceased individuals could potentially bias eDNA monitoring efforts by releasing a relatively higher amount of eDNA through decomposition. Our work supplies a more nuanced understanding of myriad factors that shape eDNA deposition, suggesting new and more useful ways to interpret eDNA monitoring data. We recommend that future work using eDNA to estimate population abundance or biomass should account for both energetic conditions and the reproductive cycle facing their target organism and prioritize sampling effort toward metabolically active individuals, especially when working with size‐structured populations that exhibit wide variation in body mass.
TGF‐β1 signaling and Smad7 control T‐cell responses in health and immune‐mediated disorders
Authors: Laudisi Federica , Stolfi Carmine , Monteleone Ivan , Monteleone Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, a member of the TGF‐β superfamily, is produced by many immune and nonimmune cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immunity, especially in the control of T‐cell differentiation and function. Consistently, loss of TGF‐β1 function is associated with exacerbated T‐cell‐dependent inflammatory responses that culminate in pathological processes in allergic and immune‐mediated diseases. In this review, we highlight the roles of TGF‐β1 in immunity, focusing mainly on its ability to promote differentiation of regulatory T cells, T helper (Th)‐17, and Th9 cells, thus contributing to amplifying or restricting T‐cell responses in health and human diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and MS). In addition, we discuss the involvement of Smad7, an inhibitor of TGF‐β1 signaling, in immune‐mediated disorders (e.g., psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, MS, and inflammatory bowel diseases), as well as the discordant results of clinical trials with mongersen, an oral pharmaceutical compound containing a Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide, in patients with Crohn's disease. Further work is needed to ascertain the reasons for such a discrepancy as well as to identify better candidates for treatment with Smad7 inhibitors.
Synthesis of Aryl‐Manganese(III) Fluoride Complexes via α‐Fluorine Elimination from CF3 and Difluorocarbene Generation
Authors: Dinh Hoan Minh , He Yu‐Tao , Fayzullin Robert R. , Vasylevskyi Serhii , Khaskin Eugene , Khusnutdinova Julia R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report the synthesis of cyclometalated monoaryl MnIII fluoro complexes using bis(trifluoromethyl)zinc reagent, Zn(CF3)2(DMPU)2, under mild conditions via a reaction pathway that involves initial transmetalation followed by α‐fluorine elimination. The formation of difluorocarbene in these reactions was detected by trapping experiments. Such facile difluorocarbene generation from MnIII results in moderate enhancement of difluoropropanation and difluoropropenation of alkenes and alkynes using Zn(CF3)2(DMPU)2 at lower temperature (20–60 °C) and short reaction time, suggesting potential application of manganese(III) perfluoroalkyl complexes as reactive species for carbene transfer reactivity.
Strategies for the Controlled Hydrostannylation of Alkynes
Authors: Roberts Dean D. , McLaughlin Mark G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganostannanes have represented one of the most widely applied reagents in modern cross‐coupling chemistry and represent a key reagent in the synthesis of a range of pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds. This Concept article reviews recent advances in approaches to the synthesis of these building blocks in a stereocontrolled and regiocontrolled manner. Particular focus is paid to methods which allow for divergent synthesis of alkenylstannanes and developments in methods which present opportunities for sustainable synthesis.
Study on the evolutionary characteristics of coal burst proneness under the action of multiple mining disturbances
Authors: Liu Yang , Ouyang Zhenhua , Yi Haiyang , Qin Hongyan , Li Gen , Ren Fengfei , Wang Jiajia , Chen Zheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCoal burst is a serious hazard in deep coal mining. To investigate the coal burst proneness evolution during multiple mining disturbances (MMD), this paper implemented a range of uniaxial cyclic loading–unloading tests coupled with acoustic emission (AE) measurement to simulate the loading–unloading effects of the MMD. The maximum load was used to simulate the highest load that the coal has endured in history, the loading–unloading rate was used to simulate the mining speed, and the loading–unloading cycles were used to simulate the number of mining disturbances. Finally, the burst proneness indexes of the damaged coal sample are measured and compared with the origin coal sample. Analysis on the experiment results suggest that, the burst proneness increases when the maximum load is 30% of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), interestingly, when the low loading–unloading rate is applied, 50% of the UCS enlarge the burst proneness as well. However, it decreases when the maximum load is 70% of the UCS. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the maximum load, loading–unloading rate, and loading–unloading cycles exhibit decreasing influence sensitivity to the elastic modulus, as well as to the UCS and duration of dynamic fracture. Similarly, the influence sensitivity of maximum load, loading–unloading cycles, and loading–unloading rate to the elastic strain energy index decreases, as well as to the bursting energy index. To ensure the safety of coal mining, it is crucial to avoid the disturbances that would put the coal under low loading and low loading rate.
Geomechanical modeling of ultradeep fault‐controlled carbonate reservoirs and its application, a case of the Fuman Oilfield in Tarim Basin
Authors: Xu Ke , Cai Zhenzhong , Zhang Hui , Yin Guoqing , Wang Zhimin , Fang Lu , Wang Haiying , Qian Ziwei , Zhang Wei , Lai Shujun , Zhao Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo improve the development efficiency of ultradeep fault‐controlled carbonate reservoirs, the deformation and connectivity mechanism of fractures was revealed through large‐scale rock mechanical experiments. The in situ stress field and fracture activity distribution law of fault‐control carbonate reservoirs were clarified through geomechanical modeling. It is revealed that the fracture activity in different directions and the connectivity of the fracture and cavity in different parts are significantly different, the development effect of different well trajectories is analyzed, and the integrated working method of geological engineering is proposed to scientifically guide the well trajectory design and water injection scheme optimization. The results show that: (1) Large‐scale fractures and high‐angle fracture systems in the deformation of strike–slip faults are the key factors affecting reservoir quality. High‐pressure water injection can activate preexisting fractures, and it can extend on the basis of preexisting fractures, and even generate new fractures, which promote the interconnection of fault‐controlled fracture‐cave bodies in the vertical and horizontal directions. (2) During the process of high‐pressure water injection, the coupling change between mechanics and flow occurs inside the fracture body, the seepage environment is improved, and the oil and gas recovery factor is improved through cyclic lifting. (3) According to the shape and occurrence of the fault body and the dynamic shear deformation connectivity of the fault surface, the best well point and well trajectory of the directional well can be optimized, and the water injection scheme can be optimized. (4) The single‐well production increased by 1.45 × 104 t through high‐pressure water injection, the cumulative oil increase of the same fracture‐cavity body increased by 4.63 × 104 t. This method is highly efficient for ultradeep fault‐controlled oil reservoirs. The development provides a good theoretical basis and technical support, and plays a leading and exemplary role.
Beyond sex, gender, and other dilemmas: Human pelvic morphology from an integrative context
Authors: Wall‐Scheffler Cara , Kurki Helen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent research on the pelvis has clarified the flexibility of pelvic bones to manage nearly infinite possibilities in terms of selection and drift, while still maintaining excellent bipedalism. Despite this work, and the studies outlining the diversity of pelvic morphology across the hominin lineage, conversations continue to be stymied by distractions related to purported trade‐offs that the different functions the pelvis must either allow for (e.g., parturition) or directly perform (e.g., attachment sites of muscles). Here we show that tight constraints on morphology are not evident in the pelvic variation of multiple human populations. We thus provide further evidence that human pelves are not geometrically similar and that pelvic morphology successfully balances the intersection of population history, active selective, and drift.
MR‐based spatiotemporal anisotropic atrophy evaluation of hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease progression by multiscale skeletal representation
Authors: Gao Na , Liu Zhiyuan , Deng Yuesheng , Chen Hantao , Ye Chenfei , Yang Qi , Ma Ting 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence has shown a higher sensitivity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression by local hippocampal atrophy rather than the whole volume. However, existing morphological methods based on subfield‐volume or surface in imaging studies are not capable to describe the comprehensive process of hippocampal atrophy as sensitive as histological findings. To map histological distinctive measurements onto medical magnetic resonance (MR) images, we propose a multiscale skeletal representation (m‐s‐rep) to quantify focal hippocampal atrophy during AD progression in longitudinal cohorts from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The m‐s‐rep captures large‐to‐small‐scale hippocampal morphology by spoke interpolation over label projection on skeletal models. To enhance morphological correspondence within subjects, we align the longitudinal m‐s‐reps by surface‐based transformations from baseline to subsequent timepoints. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal measurements derived from m‐s‐rep are statistically analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the bilateral hippocampal atrophy. Our findings reveal that during the early AD progression, atrophy primarily affects the lateral‐medial extent of the hippocampus, with a difference of 1.8 mm in lateral‐medial width in 2 years preceding conversion (p < .001), and the medial head exhibits a maximum difference of 3.05%/year in local atrophy rate (p = .011) compared to controls. Moreover, progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) exhibits more severe and widespread atrophy in the head and body compared to stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI), with a maximum difference of 1.21 mm in thickness in the medial head 1 year preceding conversion (p = .012). In summary, our proposed method can quantitatively measure the hippocampal morphological changes on 3T MR images, potentially assisting the pre‐diagnosis and prognosis of AD.
Ferrocene as a Redox Catalyst for Organic Electrosynthesis
Authors: Chen Na , Wu Zheng‐Jian , Xu Hai‐Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite substantial advancements in thermal and photochemical catalysis, the evolution of similar processes within the realm of organic electrochemistry has seen a slower pace. However, recent years have heralded a remarkable surge in molecular electrocatalysis. This innovative technique harnesses the power of molecular catalysts to expedite electrochemical transformations. This article underscores the application of ferrocene (Fc) as a redox catalyst in organic electrosynthesis. It delves into the extensive utilization of Fc in organic electrosynthesis, particularly emphasizing its role in the electrocatalytic generation and reactions of heteroatom‐ and carbon‐centered radicals, among various other reactions.