bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food habits of 3 myrmecophilous bug species on myrmecophyticMacaranga(Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) vary from herbivory to predation
Authors: Shimizu-kaya Usun , Hyodo Fujio , Ueda Shouhei , Komatsu Takashi , Meleng Paulus , Itioka Takao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMyrmecophytes have mutualistic relationships with symbiotic ants. Although myrmecophytic Macaranga (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) species are well protected by aggressive Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ants, some bug species occur on the myrmecophytes. To clarify the associations of these bugs with the plants and the ants, we studied the food habits of 3 bug species, Pilophorus lambirensis Nakatani et Komatsu, 2013 (Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Phylinae sp. 1, and Arbela sp. 1 (Hemiptera: Nabidae). We conducted field observations in a Bornean rainforest. First, we located these bugs and studied their behavioral responses to the ants on Macaranga species; we then conducted stable isotope analyses. All bugs avoided direct contact with ants, but they occurred only on trees with active ants. Pilophorus lambirensis and Phylinae sp. 1 were most commonly observed on the apical parts of host trees, whereas Arbela sp. 1 was mainly in areas distant from the apical parts where ants were sparse. The stable isotope ratios indicated that Phylinae sp. 1 fed on food bodies, which are nutrient-rich spherical bodies produced by Macaranga trees on the apical parts for ants. Although the main diet of the other 2 species remains unclear, nitrogen isotopic signatures demonstrated that P. lambirensis is herbivorous, whereas Arbela sp. 1 is carnivorous. However, the distant location from ants and its isotopic signatures indicated that Arbela sp. 1 rarely fed on the ants. At least 2 mirid bug species might obtain enemy-free space in addition to the food provided by the myrmecophytes.
‘An Industrial Revelation’ – The Political Apocalyptic in Gaskell’s North and South
Authors: Otero Joseph M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This essay examines the religious contents of Elizabeth Gaskell’s 1854–1855 novel, North and South, within the context of Apocalyptic literary traditions from Antiquity, and in the literary and historical contexts accessible to Victorians. Inviting this comparison is the character Bessy Higgins, a terminally ill factory seamstress who quotes the Book of Revelation and reports prophetic dreams of some actual merit. By placing this anachronistically apocalyptic voice amid the working poor of her industrial urban setting, Gaskell effects a return to the original political function of the Apocalyptic genre: the vindication of a disenfranchised underclass. Drawing upon examples from Christian and pre-Christian Antiquity, this essay establishes the generic features of Apocalyptic literature as they pertain to its political function, and identifies key points at which Gaskell’s text aligns with them. Though Gaskell does not replicate the genre’s form in full, North and South being a novel rather than a dream-vision, she nonetheless uses the character Bessy to incorporate apocalyptic concepts, images, arguments, and rhetoric into her otherwise realistic narrative of nineteenth-century class struggle. The result, coded in layers of Biblical reference, is an indictment of the capitalist class, comparing them to the sinners who temporarily inherit the Earth in the Apocalypse of John, after the righteous have been purged from it. The final part of this essay further contextualizes Bessy Higgins within the Methodist traditions contemporary to North and South, and within Gaskell’s intersecting religious and political views.
A non-linear solution to the S8 tension – II. Analysis of DES Year 3 cosmic shear
Authors: Preston Calvin , Amon Alexandra , Efstathiou George 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Weak galaxy lensing surveys have consistently reported low values of the S8 parameter compared to the Planck lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. Amon & Efstathiou used KiDS-1000 cosmic shear measurements to propose that this tension can be reconciled if the matter fluctuation spectrum is suppressed more strongly on non-linear scales than assumed in state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations. In this paper, we investigate cosmic shear data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3. The non-linear suppression of the matter power spectrum required to resolve the S8 tension between DES and the Planck ΛCDM model is not as strong as inferred using KiDS data, but is still more extreme than predictions from recent numerical simulations. An alternative possibility is that non-standard dark matter contributes to the required suppression. We investigate the redshift and scale dependence of the suppression of the matter power spectrum. If our proposed explanation of the S8 tension is correct, the required suppression must extend into the mildly non-linear regime to wavenumbers $k\sim 0.2 \, h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. In addition, all measures of S8 using linear scales should agree with the Planck ΛCDM cosmology, an expectation that will be testable to high precision in the near future.
A search for Kuiper belt occultations using the Weizmann Fast Astronomical Survey Telescope
Authors: Nir Guy , Ofek Eran O , Polishook David , Zackay Barak , Ben-Ami Sagi 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Measuring the size distribution of small (kilometre-scale) Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) can help constrain models of Solar system formation and planetary migration. Such small, distant bodies are hard to detect with current or planned telescopes, but can be identified as sub-second occultations of background stars. We present the analysis of data from the Weizmann Fast Astronomical Survey Telescope, consisting of fast photometry of ∼106 star-hours at a frame rate of 10–25 Hz. Our pipeline utilizes a matched-filter approach with a large template bank, including red-noise treatment, and injection of simulated events for estimating the detection efficiency. The KBO radius at which our survey is 10 per cent (50 per cent) efficient is 1.1 (2.0) km. The data from 2020–2021 observing seasons were analysed and no occultations were identified. We discuss a sample of sub-second false-positive events, both occultation-like and flare-like, which are still not fully understood but could be instructive for future surveys looking for short-duration events. We use our null-detection result to set limits on the kilometre-scale KBO number density. Our individual radius bin limits are consistent with most previous works, with N(r &gt; 1 km) ⪅ 106 deg−2 (95 per cent confidence limit). Our integrated (all size) limits, assuming a power law normalized to large (≈45 km) KBOs give a power-law index q &lt; 3.93 (95 per cent confidence limit). Finally, our results are in tension with a recently reported KBO detection from the ground, at the p = 4 × 10−4 level.
Repurposing sunscreen as an antibiotic: zinc-activated avobenzone inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Andrews Rachel M , Bollar Gretchen E , Giattina A Sophia , Dalecki Alex G , Wallace Jr John R , Frantz Leah , Eschliman Kayla , Covarrubias-Zambrano Obdulia , Keith Johnathan D , Duverger Alexandra , Wagner Frederic , Wolschendorf Frank , Bossmann Stefan H , Birket Susan E , Kutsch Olaf 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major healthcare concern with associated healthcare costs reaching over ${\$}$1 billion in a single year in the USA. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus is now observed against last line of defense antibiotics, such as vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin. Unfortunately, high throughput drug discovery approaches to identify new antibiotics effective against MRSA have not resulted in much tangible success over the last decades. Previously, we demonstrated the feasibility of an alternative drug discovery approach, the identification of metallo-antibiotics, compounds that gain antibacterial activity only after binding to a transition metal ion and as such are unlikely to be detected in standard drug screens. We now report that avobenzone, the primary active ingredient of most sunscreens, can be activated by zinc to become a potent antibacterial compound against MRSA. Zinc-activated avobenzone (AVB-Zn) potently inhibited a series of clinical MRSA isolates [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.62–2.5 µM], without pre-existing resistance and activity without zinc (MIC: &gt;10 µM). AVB-Zn was also active against clinical MRSA isolates that were resistant against the commonly used zinc–salt antibiotic bacitracin. We found AVB-Zn exerted no cytotoxicity on human cell lines and primary cells. Last, we demonstrate AVB-Zn can be deployed therapeutically as lotion preparations, which showed efficacy in a mouse wound model of MRSA infection. AVB-Zn thus demonstrates Zn-activated metallo-antibiotics are a promising avenue for future drug discovery.
Molecular Characterization of HER2-Low Invasive Breast Carcinoma by Quantitative RT-PCR Using Oncotype DX Assay
Authors: Lin Hao-Kuen , Can Thuy , Kahn Adriana , Flannery Cynthia A , Hoag Jess , Akkunuri Alekhya , Bailey Helen , Baehner Rick , Pusztai Lajos , Rozenblit Mariya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) reproducibility is suboptimal for HER-low cases (IHC 1+ or 2+).

Methods
The Yale cohort included 214 stages I-II estrogen receptor positive breast cancers with IHC scores 0, 1+, and 2+ and routine Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) results. The Exact Sciences (ES) cohort included 9 57 624 patients who had an Oncotype DX RS assay that assigns HER2-negative, equivocal, or positive status based on HER2 mRNA levels.

Results
HER2 mRNA levels varied across IHC categories but with increasing medians of 9.10 (n = 89), 9.20 (n = 71), and 9.45 (n = 54) in IHC 0, 1+, and 2+, respectively. 22.4% of HER2-low (1+/2+) cancer had RS &gt; 25. Over 98% of HER-low cancers were HER2-negative by Oncotype DX assignment.

Conclusions
Cancers with higher mRNA levels exist within IHC 0 and low categories, most of the HER2-low patients by IHC have low RS indicating no benefit from current adjuvant chemotherapies.
C-Sections, Obesity, and Healthcare Specialization: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Herrera-Almanza Catalina , Marquez-Padilla Fernanda , Prina Silvia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study explores whether hospitals with higher increases in obesity levels have higher cesarean section (CS) rates and the consequential effects on maternal and newborn health in Mexico for 2008–2015. It models how changes in the obesity level of hospitals’ patient pools may affect the quantity and quality of care by focusing on the use of CS and the potential returns to specialization. And it creates a measure of hospital-level obesity, based on the fraction of obesity-related discharges for women of childbearing age. Exploiting temporal and hospital variation of this measure, results show that higher hospital-level obesity increases a woman’s probability of having a CS. Also, delivery-related birth outcomes improve: maternal mortality, birth injuries, and birth trauma decrease. The evidence is consistent with hospital-level specialization in CS leading to better birth outcomes.
Association of Neuraxial Labor Analgesia With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lumbreras-Marquez M.I. , Capdeville G. , Ferrigno A.S. , Villela-Franyutti D. , Bain P.A. , Campos-Zamora M. , Butwick A.J. , Farber M.K. 
Published: September 2023

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2022;52:103577)
Conflicting results exist on the association between neuraxial labor analgesia (NLA) exposure in parturients and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in their children. An assessment of the occurrence and extent of published studies up to December 16, 2021, was performed via systematic review and meta-analysis to provide the most up-to-date information on the potential association between NLA and ASD.
Emergencies in Obstetric Anesthesia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Prior C.H. , Burlinson C.E.G. , Chau A. 
Published: September 2023

(Anaesthesia. 2022;77:1416–1429)
Anesthesia providers are essential team members when managing obstetric emergencies. Based on the examination of primary research, practice guidelines, and professional recommendations in the last 5 years, a focused review was developed around 6 key topics in obstetric emergency management: category-1 cesarean delivery (CD), difficult or failed airway, massive hemorrhage (PPH), hypertensive crisis, neuraxial anesthesia emergency, and maternal cardiac arrest. The importance of staying current on research and guidelines is highlighted to ensure patient safety and the development of best practices.
Cytokine See-Saw Across Pregnancy, Its Related Complexities and Consequences
Authors: Meyyazhagan A. , Bhotla H.K. , Pappuswamy M. , Tsibizova V. , Al Qasem M. , Di Renzo G.C. 
Published: September 2023

(Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2023;160:516–525)
Pregnancy causes a shift in the mother’s immune response that causes the maternal immune system to protect the fetus from outside antigens but not reject the fetus itself. Cytokines are cells largely responsible for this selective immunity that ignores the fetus, and a balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. An imbalance in cytokines and other types of immune cells associated with them can lead to complications, one of the most prevalent being hypertension and pre-eclampsia. This article is a review of available data on cytokine imbalance during pregnancy and associated issues.
Flouroscopic Versus Conventional Epidural Blood Patch in Obstetrics: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Orbach-Zinger S. , Lekar Leibzon M. , Gonen O. , Zribi B. , Wazwaz S.A. , Binyamin Y. , Heesen M. , Matatov Y. , Shimon O. , Eidelman L.A. 
Published: September 2023

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2022;66:563–568)
Within obstetric anesthesia, accidental dural puncture is the most prevalent complication, contributing to a postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in 60% to 70% of patients. Currently, epidural blood patch (EBP) is a standard treatment for PDPH, yet questions regarding optimal blood volume, effectivity, and others remain. EBP can be done through conventional EBP (C-EBP) or through fluoroscopy-guided EBP (F-EBP) methods. The aim of this study is to determine headache intensity at hospital discharge, compare blood volumes used in C-EBPs versus F-EBPs, and analyze the outcomes of both treatment methods.
Accuracy and Trending Ability of Finger Plethysmographic Cardiac Output Monitoring in Late Pregnancy
Authors: Bonnin P. , Constans B. , Duhamel A. , Kyheng M. , Ducloy-Bouthors A.S. , Estevez M.G. , Tavernier B. , Gaudet A. 
Published: September 2023

(Can J Anesth 2022;69:1340–1348)
Hemodynamic variation is a well-known part of pregnancy, particularly variation in cardiac output (CO). CO reduction in the third trimester is prominent when a patient is in the supine position and the weight of the pregnancy results in compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC). This is often corrected by a simple shift in position to the left lateral decubitus (LLD). Decreases in CO can have severe consequences for mother and child, particularly in circumstances of postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, accurate and consistent CO monitoring is important to ensuring the best outcomes for delivery.
Stability of Lidocaine Solutions Following Sodium Bicarbonate Alkalinization
Authors: Hyuga S. , Tomoda Y. , Okutomi T. 
Published: September 2023

(Reg Anesth Pain Med 2022;47:773–774)
It is known that the effectiveness of local anesthesia can be increased by alkalinization using sodium bicarbonate by increasing the fraction of the drug that is undissociated. There is a research gap, however, in examining the degree of alkalinization in different concentrations of lidocaine, its pharmacological stability, and bacterial contamination. This study aimed to fill that gap by examining changes in the amount of unaltered lidocaine according to pH in different concentrations, and by assessing its stability and the incidence of bacterial contamination during preparation.
Maternal Race and Pre-eclampsia: Cohort Study and Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Arechvo A. , Voicu D. , Gil M.M. , Syngelaki A. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K.H. 
Published: September 2023

(BJOG. 2022;129:2082–2093)
Pre-eclampsia is a complication affecting 2% to 4% of pregnancies and is associated with a high rate of maternal and infant mortality. The risk of developing pre-eclampsia is related to age, weight, race, method of conception, personal and family history, and pre-existing conditions. Studies from predominantly white countries have indicated that some minority groups have an increased incidence of pre-eclampsia, and other minority groups have decreased or similar incidence to white women. These studies, however, have mostly observed relative incidence without correcting for confounding variables in maternal characteristics and medical history. This study aimed to examine associations between race and pre-eclampsia after adjusting for confounding factors of demographics and medical history, and to present a systematic review and meta-analysis of information on this topic.
Associations of Unintended Pregnancy With Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Nelson H.D. , Darney B.G. , Ahrens K. , Burgess A. , Jungbauer R.M. , Cantor A. , Atchison C. , Eden K.B. , Goueth R. , Fu R. 
Published: September 2023

(JAMA. 2022;328:1714–1729)
Unintended pregnancy is a common occurrence in the United States and has been associated with adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand the relationships between unintended pregnancy and health outcomes during pregnancy and postpartum among current US populations to better inform clinical practice and health policy and improve outcomes.
Fetal Heart Rate Tracings Associated With Eclamptic Seizures
Authors: Ambia A. , Wells C. , Yule C. , McIntire D. , Cunningham F. 
Published: September 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227:622.e1–622.e6)
Complications of eclamptic seizures include postpartum hemorrhage, placental abruption, stroke, pulmonary edema from heart failure, aspiration pneumonia, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Though first published in 1974, the relationship between fetal heart rate decelerations and eclampsia has not characterized the timing, duration, and frequency of these changes. This study aimed to describe and characterize fetal heart rate changes following eclampsia and determine obstetric management following seizures.
Intrauterine Cannabis Exposure and Fetal and Maternal Blood Flow: A Case-control Study
Authors: Brik M. , Sandonis M. , Gil J. , Hernandez-Fleury A. , Parramón-Puig G. , Maiz N. , Suy A. , Carreras E. 
Published: September 2023

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022;101:1207–1214)
It is known that consuming cannabis during pregnancy increases the risk of complications for both mother and infant, but the mechanisms of this increased risk are unknown. Endogenous cannabinoid systems are associated with cardiovascular regulation, and exogenous cannabis consumption has been shown to have some cardiovascular effects. This study aimed to examine the effects of cannabis consumption during pregnancy on fetal and maternal blood flow and explore the mechanisms of cardiovascular risk.
A Dedicated Antenatal Clinic for Pregnant Women With Morbid and Super-obesity: Patient Characteristics, Outcomes, Perceptions and Lessons Learnt From Establishing the DIAMOND Clinic
Authors: Tyson K. , Teale G. , Vasilevski V. , Cassells K. , Sweet L. 
Published: September 2023

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2022;62:635–642)
Body mass index (BMI) has long been used as an indicator of overall health and risk for adverse outcomes in many situations, including pregnancy. Obesity has become more prevalent in recent years, and women with morbid obesity (BMI 40 or above) and super-obesity (BMI 50 or above) have significant risk factors to themselves and their pregnancies. To begin to address these risk factors, the DIAMOND clinic was proposed (DIAbetes, Maternal Obesity, Nutrition and Diet). This paper is a reflection on the early stages of this clinic, patient characteristics and outcomes, and an assessment of patient satisfaction and perception of care. A retrospective audit and patient satisfaction survey were conducted.
Placental Location and Obstetrical-Neonatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Doctory N. , Romano A. , Navon I. , Barbash-Hazan S. , Bardin R. , Hadar E. 
Published: September 2023

(Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2023;160:641–645)
The placenta is vital in pregnancy for nutrient transfer from mother to fetus, and different positions of the placenta can affect pregnancy outcomes. Placental placement can be categorized as anterior, posterior, fundal, or lateral, with anterior placenta being the most common orientation and lateral placenta the least common. Lateral placenta in particular poses some risks because the circulation available to the placenta in this orientation is significantly less; reduced blood flow has been correlated with adverse outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, small for gestational age, and postpartum hemorrhage, among others. This study attempted to understand the association of lateral placental orientation with poor outcomes in pregnancy. The primary outcome for this study was neonatal birth weight, as a continuous measure, and categorized for small for gestational age. Secondary outcomes included maternal and perinatal gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, placental abruption, nonreassuring fetal heart rate, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, preterm birth, and mode of delivery.
The Impact of Withholding Nitrous Oxide in Labor During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Froessler B. , Malek M. , Jila M. , Parange A. , Kelly T.L. 
Published: September 2023

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;62:910–914)
During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the common option for laboring women in Australia to receive nitrous oxide (N2O) for analgesia was discontinued to prevent viral transmission. While there is insufficient data in the literature to define the second stage of labor as an aerosol-generating behavior and the provision of N2O an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP), the majority of obstetrics and gynecological associations world-wide advised against its use due to the potential for hyperventilation, coughing, vomiting, and other forceful exhalations associated with labor pain. With this interruption, the pandemic provided a “natural experiment” to reconsider the value added by N2O, particularly its effect on the use of other labor analgesia as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Epidural Catheter Replacement Rates With Dural Puncture Epidural Labor Analgesia Compared With Epidural Analgesia Without Dural Puncture: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Berger A.A. , Jordan J. , Li Y. , Kowalczyk J.J. , Hess P.E. 
Published: September 2023

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2022;52:103590)
Lumbar epidural analgesia (LEA) is a common method of labor analgesia. Traditional LEA, dural-puncture epidural (DPE), and combined spinal-epidural analgesia (CSE) are approaches to epidural catheter placement. Epidural catheters are known to malfunction following placement (12% to 13%), requiring replacement or conversion to general anesthesia (GA) if failure occurs during emergency intrapartum cesarean delivery (CD). Factors contributing to placement failure include body mass index (BMI) or weight, procedure type (CSE vs. LEA), gestational age, anesthesiologist experience, type of epidural catheter, patient age, and mode of delivery. Few studies have compared catheter failure rates between LEA and CSE. This retrospective analysis compares epidural catheter failure rates of DPE or LEA.