bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Nonparametric Morphology of Galaxies in the JWST CEERS Field at z ≃ 0.8–3.0
Authors: Yao Yao , Song Jie , Kong Xu , Fang Guanwen , Zhang Hong-Xin , Chen Xinkai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Galaxy morphology is one of the most fundamental ways to describe galaxy properties, but the morphology we observe may be affected by wavelength and spatial resolution, which may introduce systematic bias when comparing galaxies at different redshift. Taking advantage of the broad wavelength coverage from optical to near-IR and the high-resolution NIRCam instrument of the JWST, we measure the nonparametric morphological parameters of a total of 1376 galaxies at z ≃ 0.8–3.0 in the CEERS field through an optimized code called statmorph_csst. We divide our sample into three redshift intervals and investigate the wavelength and redshift dependence of the morphological parameters. We also explore how the widely used galaxy type classification methods based on the morphological parameters depend on wavelength and spatial resolution. We find that there are variations in all morphological parameters with rest-frame wavelength (λ
rf), especially at the short-wavelength end, and that λ
rf mainly affects the classification between late- and early-type galaxies. As λ
rf increases, the galaxies on the G–M
20 diagram move to the upper left with a slope of −0.23 ± 0.03 on average. We find that spatial resolution mainly affects the merger identification. The merger fraction in F200W resolution can be ≳2 times larger than that in F444W resolution. Furthermore, we compare the morphological parameter evolution of galaxies with different stellar masses. We find that there are differences in the morphological evolution of high- and low-mass (log M
* ≥ 10 and 9 < log M
* < 10) galaxies in the studied redshift range, which may be caused by their different evolutionary paths.
Observations and Modeling of Unstable Proton and α Particle Velocity Distributions in Sub-Alfvénic Solar Wind at Parker Solar Probe Perihelia
Authors: Ofman Leon , Boardsen Scott A. , Jian Lan K. , Mostafavi Parisa , Verniero Jaye L. , Livi Roberto , McManus Michael , Rahmati Ali , Larson Davin , Stevens Michael L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Past observations show that solar wind (SW) acceleration occurs inside the sub-Alfvénic region, reaching the local Alfvén speed at typical distances ∼10–20 solar radii (R

s
). Recently, Parker Solar Probe (PSP) traversed regions of sub-Alfvénic SW near perihelia in encounters E8–E12 for the first time, providing data in these regions. It became evident that the properties of the magnetically dominated SW are considerably different from the super-Alfvénic wind. For example, there are changes in the relative abundances and drift of α particles with respect to protons, as well as in the magnitude of magnetic fluctuations. We use data of the magnetic field from the FIELDS instrument, and construct ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) from the sub-Alfvénic regions using Solar Probe ANalyzer for Ions data, and run 2.5D and 3D hybrid models of proton-α sub-Alfvénic SW plasma. We investigate the nonlinear evolution of the ion kinetic instabilities in several case studies, and quantify the transfer of energy between the protons, α particles, and the kinetic waves. The models provide the 3D ion VDFs at the various stages of the instability evolution in the SW frame. By combining observational analysis with the modeling results, we gain insights on the evolution of the ion instabilities, the heating and the acceleration processes of the sub-Alfvénic SW plasma, and quantify the exchange of energy between the magnetic and kinetic components. The modeling results suggest that the ion kinetic instabilities are produced locally in the SW, resulting in anisotropic heating of the ions, as observed by PSP.
A Nitrogen-rich Supernova Remnant in M31: Interaction with the Circumstellar Medium at Late Times
Authors: Caldwell Nelson , Raymond John C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present the discovery of a supernova remnant in M31 which is unlike any other remnant known in that galaxy. An optical ground-based spectrum of WB92-26 taken at the MMT and sampling most of this marginally resolved object reveals strong lines of [O ii], [Ne iii], H i, [O iii], [O i], [N ii] and [S ii], though the H i lines are very weak and the [N ii] lines are very strong. Multiple velocity components are visible in those lines, with broad wings extending to −2000 and +1500 or 2000 km s−1 (the heliocentric velocity of M31 is −300 km s−1). The lines show strong peaks or shoulders near −750, −50, and +800 km s−1 in the M31 frame. The density implied by the [S ii] ratio combined with the X-ray luminosity, FUV flux, and optical size lead us to conclude that the optical emission lines are generated by shock waves, not photoionization. Consideration of the velocity structure indicates that the emission is from a shock in the circumstellar medium (CSM). This CSM must be depleted in hydrogen and enriched in helium and nitrogen through CNO processing, and it must have had a high velocity before the explosion of the parent star, to explain the broad wings in the emission lines. We estimate the CSM shell to have a mass of 2 M
⊙, implying a core-collapse SN. It is likely that Eta Car will produce a remnant resembling WB92-26 a few thousand years after it explodes.
Linear Mode Decomposition in Magnetohydrodynamics Revisited
Authors: Zank G. P. , Zhao L.-L. , Adhikari L. , Nakanotani M. , Pitňa A. , Telloni D. , Che H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Small-amplitude fluctuations in the magnetized solar wind are measured typically by a single spacecraft. In the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) description, fluctuations are typically expressed in terms of the fundamental modes admitted by the system. An important question is how to resolve an observed set of fluctuations, typically plasma moments such as the density, velocity, pressure, and magnetic field fluctuations, into their constituent fundamental MHD modal components. Despite its importance in understanding the basic elements of waves and turbulence in the solar wind, this problem has not yet been fully resolved. Here, we introduce a new method that identifies between wave modes and advected structures such as magnetic islands or entropy modes and computes the phase information associated with the eligible MHD modes. The mode-decomposition method developed here identifies the admissible modes in an MHD plasma from a set of plasma and magnetic field fluctuations measured by a single spacecraft at a specific frequency and an inferred wavenumber
k

m
. We present data from three typical intervals measured by the Wind and Solar Orbiter spacecraft at ∼1 au and show how the new method identifies both propagating (wave) and nonpropagating (structures) modes, including entropy and magnetic island modes. This allows us to identify and characterize the separate MHD modes in an observed plasma parcel and to derive wavenumber spectra of entropic density, fast and slow magnetosonic, Alfvénic, and magnetic island fluctuations for the first time. These results help identify the fundamental building blocks of turbulence in the magnetized solar wind.
TaiCOL Scientific Names Management Tool: Rebuilding the National Checklist in Taiwan Based on References
Authors: Tsai Sz-Yi , Li Yi-Hsuan , Lee Jin-Ying , Chung Kuo-Fang 
Published: August 2023

Many checklist databases encounter common challenges. While they may fulfill the requirements of scientific name collection and species inquiries successfully, they often fall short in recording and presenting diverse opinions on scientific name usage over time and among different scholars. Moreover, due to the rapidity of classification changes and limited workforce for database maintenance, these checklists usually cannot be updated promptly. Last but not least, exchanging checklists poses a complex challenge such as name matching for synonym, homonym, orthographic variations and misapplied names. Therefore, an ideal database design should maintain neutrality and objectivity by recording comprehensive taxonomic history information of scientific names. The database can then present multiple views on scientific name usage after integrating data, allowing users to judge and interpret for themselves.
“Catalogue of Life in Taiwan” (TaiCOL*1) is the national database established in 2003 aiming to provide the most updated species checklist of Taiwan. However, it faces the challenges aforementioned. To design the database model, we conducted a method study to investigate how taxonomy works. Our findings identified key concepts (e.g., scientific name, name usage, similarities or differences in name usage, and namespace) for building the database structure to connect and interpret nomenclatural and taxonomic information. Furthermore, to effectively manage the vast amount of complex taxonomic history, we aim to develop a tool as the core for TaiCOL data management, enabling taxonomy researchers to assist in enriching the content of the database while completing scientific names management and research work. Additionally, we surveyed the nomenclature codes (Ride 1999, Turland 2018) and interviewed taxonomists in zoological and botanical fields to understand their working methods, processes, and writing conventions. This ensured that our tool aligns with the taxonomy research workflow and meets the needs of various biological disciplines.
“Scientific Names Management Tool”*2 is now available for use and undergoing continuous optimization. It is not limited to use in Taiwan, but only scientific names labeled as "existing in Taiwan" will be integrated into the TaiCOL portal. For public use, the taxa are generated or updated for the TaiCOL portal through logical processing based on the latest classification results from the tool. Although the TaiCOL portal currently presents only one taxonomic view, the different usages of scientific names and various species information can be traced by giving the references. As for checklist exchange, in case of discrepancies or conflicts, alternative usages will be provided during name matching. In the future, users can have the option to choose references to obtain different taxonomic views of checklists.
The effect of adding silver nanoparticles on the color stability of feldspathic porcelains
Authors: Nikanjam Saeed , Firouz Farnaz , Farmany Abbas , Farhadian Maryam , Shishean Arash , Masomian Zahra 
Published: August 2023

Background:
This study aims to investigate the color stability of feldspathic porcelains with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, feldspathic porcelain disks with AgNPs of 0 parts per million (ppm), 250 ppm, and 500 ppm were used (sample size = 180). These ceramic discs were subjected to thermocycling in tea, orange juice, and artificial saliva. The optical parameters of disks were measured before and after being immersed in the solutions. Then, the color change (ΔE 00) of the samples was measured by using the CIEDE 2000 formula. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. The level of significance was determined to be 0.05.

Results:
The results of the ANOVA test show that there was a significant difference in ΔE 00 (P ≤ 0.05). The maximum ΔE 00 was visible in the samples with AgNPs 0 ppm that were exposed to orange juice, and the minimum ΔE 00 was related to the disks with AgNPs 500 ppm in artificial saliva.

Conclusion:
Based on the results of this study, adding AgNPs to feldspathic porcelain increases the color stability of the ceramic discs.
Effect of active irrigation using shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming on dental pulp stem cell viability
Authors: Razavi Pouyan , Savadkouhi Sohrab Tour , Barikrow Nooshin , Jafari Aryan , Vatanpour Mehdi 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) is a novel irrigation activation method based on photoacoustic streaming. The aim of this study was to look into the impact of SWEEPS on the attachment and survival of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, 34 standardized root segments were randomly allocated into two groups: SWEEPS and the conventional conditioning group. After the irrigation human DPSCs were seeded on the internal walls of these samples, and the attachment and survival of 30 of them were assessed on different days. The remaining two samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis with the level of significance = 0.05.

Results:
The viability of DPSCs was significantly greater in the SWEEPS group in comparison with the conventional conditioning group (P = 0.029). Both groups have shown a significant increase in the viability of DPSCs over time (P = 0.0001, P = 0.003). SEM results have shown a smear layer-free surface with firmly attached DPSCs in the SWEEPS group.

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicated that active irrigation using SWEEPS could provide a superior surface in terms of viability and attachment of DPSCs compared to the conventional conditioning method.
General dentists' awareness of orthodontic treatment needs of patients and their referral practices
Authors: Madani Seyedeh-Mahshad , Eslamipour Faezeh , Sadeghian Saeid , Tahani Bahareh 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Since general dentists (GDs) usually act as the primary referral source for the patients in need of orthodontic treatments, having the proper knowledge and understanding of the accurate diagnosis of clinical situations is very important. The aim of this study was to assess GDs about the identification of orthodontic treatment needs and their referral practices.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in Iran 2020. A questionnaire consisting of three main parts was designed and distributed electronically among GDs. The first section included 11 image and scenario-based questions meant to assess the ability of GDs to correctly diagnose the orthodontic treatment needs of the patients. The next two parts were to assess the dentists' knowledge of the necessity of referral to an orthodontist with 11 questions, and the proper timing of orthodontic treatments with 8 questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26, by conducting Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and correlation tests α = 0.05.

Results:
Among 384 participated dentists, 50.3% (193) were female. The mean score of knowledge was 17.3 ± 3.5 out of 30. The highest percentage of good knowledge (70% of range) was related to the diagnosis of orthodontic problems, while the lowest one belonged to the referring pattern. There was a weak positive correlation between the working experience and the proper timing of referral (R = 0.15, P = 0.004 (. Kruskal–Wallis test also showed a significant difference between the total knowledge scores (P = 0.04) and the knowledge of the proper timing of treatment (P = 0.04) based on the age groups of participants. Eighty-seven percentage (n = 334) reported that they would refer the patients in need of orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion:
The knowledge level of orthodontic treatment needs among GDs was moderate, thus emphasizing the importance of planning more educational courses for them to improve their knowledge, thus reducing the possible detriments of postponed or inaccurate treatments.
Incidence of Prediabetes/Diabetes among Women with Prior Gestational Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Gupta Yashdeep , Kubihal Suraj , Shalimar  , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Goyal Ankur , Goyal Alpesh , Kalaivani Mani , Tandon Nikhil 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
This prospective longitudinal study aims to evaluate and compare the incidence of prediabetes/diabetes among women stratified at the baseline postpartum visit according to the prior GDM and NAFLD status.

Methods:
Of the 309 women with baseline postpartum assessment at a median of 16 months following the index delivery, 200 (64.7%) [GDM: 137 (68.5%), normoglycaemia: 63 (31.5%)] were available for the follow-up analysis (performed at median of 54 months following the index delivery) and were participants for this study. We obtained relevant demographic, medical and obstetric details and performed a 75 g OGTT with glucose estimation at 0 and 120 min. NAFLD status was defined by ultrasonography at the baseline visit. Participants were divided into four groups: no NAFLD and no prior GDM (group 1), NAFLD but no prior GDM (group 2), prior GDM but no NAFLD (group 3), and NAFLD and prior GDM (group 4).

Results:
The mean age of study participants (n = 200) was 32.2 ± 5.1 years, and the mean interval between the two visits was 34.8 ± 5.5 months. A total of 74 (37%) women had progression to prediabetes/diabetes [incidence rate of 12.8/100 woman-years]. The incidence rates (per 100 woman-years) were 8.6, 8.9, 13.4 and 15.3 in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for incident (new-onset) prediabetes/diabetes in group 4 (reference: group 1) was 1.99 (95% CI 0.80, 4.96, P = 0.140). Among women with baseline NAFLD (irrespective of GDM status), the risk of incident prediabetes/diabetes increased with an increase in the duration of follow-up (3.03-fold higher per year of follow-up, P = 0.029) and was significantly higher in women who were not employed (6.43, 95% CI 1.74, 23.7, P = 0.005) and in women with GDM requiring insulin/metformin during pregnancy (4.46, 95% CI 1.27, 15.64, P = 0.019).

Conclusion:
NAFLD and GDM increased the risk for glycaemic deterioration in young Indian women. Future studies should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of lifestyle and behavioural interventions in such high-risk women.
Comparison of core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration methods in CT-guided percutaneous sampling of pancreatic tumors
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Huang Wei , Wang Shenjie , Wu Zhiyuan , Wang Ziyin , Ding Xiaoyi , Wang Zhongmin 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims:
To compare the diagnostic efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for pancreatic lesions.

Methods and Material:
A total of 176 patients with 176 pancreatic lesions who visited our hospital between January 2016 and March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into three groups: FNA group A (<1.5 cm between the lesion and great vessels necessitating FNA), FNA group B, and CNB (the latter two with ≥1.5 cm between the lesion and great vessels necessitating FNA). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and postoperative. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0.

Results:
One hundred and seventy six patient’s specimens all met the requirements. There were no statistically significant differences in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy between the CNB group and FNA group B, (P > 0.05). Thirteen samples submitted for genetic testing (5 in CNB group, 4 in each of the FNA groups A and B) all met the standards of next-generation sequencing gene detection. The main complications of these groups included abdominal pain, fever, and hyperamylasemia.

Conclusions:
CT-guided percutaneous FNA and CNB have similar diagnostic efficacy for pancreatic biopsy. Furthermore, FNA has a wide range of puncture indications and is very safe. Like CNB, the obtained tissue through FNA can be genetically tested to guide clinical treatment.
Clinical features and outcomes analysis of Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Man , Zhang Yijing 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTPurpose:Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is an uncommon and highly malignant tumor. This research aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of GB-NEC.Materials and Methods:Our survey of case reports from January 2000 to May 2022 screened a total of 84 patients with complete data who received surgical resection for gallbladder NEC. Log-rank generated survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method for univariate survival analysis. To identify GB-NEC independent prognostic indicators for overall survival (OS), univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted.Results:These patients consisted of 25 men and 59 women, with an average age of 60 (range 29–85). Patients under 60 years old made up 44% of the population, while patients over 60 made up 56%. Fifty-three tumors were advanced pathologic TNM stage III and IV. After surgery, 44 patients underwent chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The median OS of 84 patients with GB-NEC was 16.8 months. In univariate and multivariate analysis, tumor size (diameter ≥5 cm), TNM tumor stage, and the receipt of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy are independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with GB-NEC.Conclusion:Tumor size (diameter ≥5 cm) and TNM tumor stage were independently related to a shorter OS. An enhanced OS was independently linked to receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
Colitis induced by PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum-containing dual drug chemotherapy in Lewis mice and its mechanism
Authors: Li Chunhai , Wang Lixin , Sun Daqian , Yao Tianxiao , Xian Xiuying , Cheng Yufeng 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims:
To explore the occurrence and possible mechanism of colitis in Lewis mice treated with PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum-containing dual drug chemotherapy.

Subjects and Methods:
A Lewis lung cancer model of C57BL/6 mice was established, randomly divided into the treatment group (group C, PD-1 inhibitor + Carboplatin (CARB) + Pemetrexed (PEM)) and model group (group B, normal saline), and a control group (group A, normal saline) was set up. Observe the changes in tumor-free weight, tumor volume, disease activity index (DAI), colon histopathology, identify serum interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, the expression of claudin-1, and occludin mRNA in the colon in each animals.

Results:
Compared with group A, the tumor-free weight of mice in B decreased (P < 0.001), the content of IL-10 in serum increased (P < 0.01), the content of IFN-γ in serum decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with group B, the transplanted tumor volume in C was reduced (P < 0.05), DAI scores of D4 (P < 0.001), and D7 (P < 0.001) were increased, colonic histopathology analysis showed that colitis occurred, serum IL-10 content was decreased (P < 0.05), IFN-γ content was increased (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression of claudin-1 (P < 0.05) and occludin (P < 0.05) was reduced.

Conclusions:
This treatment can inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors but will cause colitis in Lewis mice. The impairment of intestinal barrier function following administration cause an imbalance in the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in the colon, thus causing colitis.