bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced efficiency fertilizers, potato production, and nitrate leaching in the Wisconsin Central Sands
Authors: Campbell Tracy , Ruark Matthew , Boswell Edward , Lowery Birl 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMaintaining yield goals while reducing nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) leaching to groundwater is a challenge for potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the Wisconsin Central Sands as well as across the United States. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of conventional and enhanced efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilizers on NO3‐N leaching, crop yield, and N uptake in potatoes. We compared five N treatments, which include a 0 N control and 280 kg ha−1 as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate (AS/AN), polymer‐coated urea (PCU), urea with a urease inhibitor (Urea+UI), or urea with a UI and a nitrification inhibitor (Urea+UI+NI). The study occurred on grower fields during the 2009, 2010, and 2011 growing seasons, and NO3‐N leaching was measured with equilibrium tension lysimeters. PCU resulted in a reduction in NO3‐N leaching and an increase in yield compared to AS/AN in a year with large early‐season rainfall; Urea+UI also reduced NO3‐N leaching in this year. In 2010, large plot‐to‐plot variation and 250 kg ha−1 of additional N applied by the grower masked our ability to see differences among fertilized treatments. In 2011, a year with less intense rainfall events, no differences among treatments were observed. Collectively, these results show a potential benefit to PCU, but these benefits are only realized under specific seasonal weather conditions. Overall, the percentage of applied N lost to leaching during the growing season and removed in biomass was relatively low, suggesting substantial amounts of NO3‐N leaching outside of the growing season.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Is Associated With Type 1 Diabetes: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Chen Leyan , Hou Tianzhichao , Ge Feifan , Jiang Huachi , Liu Feng , Tian Jingyan , Zheng Mingfeng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear; previous studies revealed the underlying connection between IPF and diabetes, but there is no consensual opinion. This study is aimed at examining the association between Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and IPF using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodIn our two‐sample MR study, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are strongly associated with T1D in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) from IEU (dataset: ebi‐a‐GCST005536) and obtained their corresponding effect estimates on T1D risk in an IPF GWAS from IEU (dataset: finn‐b‐IPF). We conducted a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis to eliminate the interference of aging.ResultIn the outcome of inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method, T1D showed a promoting effect on IPF (odds ratio (OR): 1.132, p = 0.005). The statistics passed the MR‐PRESSO test, and no outliers were observed (global test p = 0.238). MVMR study was performed, and the aging‐adjusted result remains almost the same (OR = 1.132, OR_95% CI: 1.034–1.239, p = 0.007).ConclusionOur study shows a causal relation between T1D and IPF; further investigation should be conducted.
Stability of dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) capsules in dose administration aids
Authors: Allahham Ayman , Nooney Vivek B. , Jones Alex , Weigl Brianna Jayne , Sridhar Jyothsna , Farah Lama , Thrimawithana Thilini 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies produced conflicting results on the suitability of repackaging dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) capsules in dose administration aids (DAAs).AimTo determine the stability of Pradaxa capsules in climate zones II (25°C and 60% relative humidity [RH]) and IVa (30°C and 65% RH).MethodPradaxa 110 mg capsules were subjected to two storage conditions (25°C/60% RH and 30°C/65% RH) in both the original packaging and after repackaging into Webster packs. Content assay, appearance, pH, and dissolution profile of capsules were determined at baseline, and 2 and 4 weeks after storage. Ethics approval was not required for this research article as it was a stability study and did not contain human participants or human data.ResultsDabigatran etexilate content (± standard deviation) decreased significantly after 4 weeks of storage in DAAs at 30°C/65% RH (87.7% ± 4.4%). In addition, the amount of dabigatran etexilate released from the capsules at 45 min was significantly lower for capsules repackaged in DAAs and stored at 30°C/65% RH at both time points. Considerable changes in the appearance of capsule content were also observed following storage at 30°C/65% RH for 4 weeks in DAAs. There were no significant changes to dissolution profile or drug content of capsules repackaged and stored at 25°C/60% RH. No significant changes in the pH of dabigatran etexilate solutions were observed.ConclusionRepackaging impacts the chemical stability of dabigatran etexilate if the DAAs are exposed to climate zone IVa conditions. Although repackaged dabigatran etexilate stored at 25°C/60% RH appears to be stable, caution should be exercised if these DAAs are to be stored at ambient room conditions due to the inability to guarantee humidity levels.
Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms During Adolescence: The Protective Roles of Adolescent and Family Assets Within ECHO's Diverse National Population
Authors: Ganiban Jody M. , Blackwell Courtney K. , Liu Chang , Leve Leslie , Neiderhiser Jenae , Mansolf Maxwell , Chen Zhaoying , Acevedo Bianca , Brennan Patricia A. , Bush Nicole R. , Frazier Jean A. , Hipwell Alison E. , Keating Daniel P. , LeWinn Kaja Z. , Morales Santiago , Norona‐Zhou Amanda , Sullivan Alexandra , Yao Lihua , Yi Li , Zhu Yeyi ,   program collaborators for the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo understand the factors that preserve mental health amongst a diverse population of adolescents, we examined links between neighborhood‐level resources, adolescents' self‐reported personal assets (low perceived stress, meaning and purpose, life satisfaction), parent‐reported family assets (household income, maternal mental health) and adolescents' self‐reported depressive and anxiety symptoms. Participants included a racially and ethnically diverse national sample of 4325 adolescents (10–21 years) from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. Neighborhood‐level resources were not directly associated with depressive or anxiety symptoms. However, higher levels of personal and family assets were related to lower levels of symptoms, regardless of neighborhood resources (ß's: −0.09 to 0.55). Last, high neighborhood resources compensated for the absence of one asset—low perceived stress. For adolescents with levels of perceived stress that were just 0.17 SD above the sample mean, neighborhood resources were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Findings did not vary across racial and ethnic groups. Results support the development of asset building endeavors that bolster positive child assets in adolescents and families to reduce mental health disparities. Implications for programs that seek to promote mental health amongst minoritized youth are discussed.
A Novel Robust and Predefined‐Time Zeroing Neural Network Solver for Time‐Varying Linear Matrix Equation
Authors: Han Chunhao , Xu Jiao , Zheng Bing 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a novel robust and predefined‐time zeroing neural network (RPZNN) to solve the time‐varying linear matrix equation (TVLME) in real time by developing an innovative activation function with a time parameter . Different from the existing ZNN solvers with complex convergence time bounds, the RPZNN solver obtains the real‐time solution of the TVLME within an arbitrarily predefined time . Moreover, the RPZNN solver can freely adjust to accommodate the requirements for various convergence rates, demonstrating its considerable flexibility. We conduct a theoretical analysis for the predefined‐time convergence of the RPZNN solver and its robustness against additive noise interference. Furthermore, numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the RPZNN in accurately addressing the TVLME and demonstrate its superior performance in terms of convergence rate and robustness when compared to several traditional or state‐of‐the‐art ZNN solvers. Additionally, the RPZNN solver also exhibits excellent capabilities in dynamic alternating current (DAC) computing and the 6‐link planar robot manipulator (6PRM) path‐tracking task, highlighting its potential for wide‐ranging applications.
Multi‐Targeting Phytochemicals for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Bhattacharya Radha Shree , Singh Raghuraj , Panghal Archna , Thakur Ashima , Singh Lachhman , Verma Rahul Kumar , Singh Charan , Goyal Manoj , Kumar Jayant 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of neurodegenerative illness in which β‐amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein accumulate in neurons in the form of tangles. The pathophysiological pathway of AD consists of Aβ‐amyloid peptides, tau proteins, and oxidative stress in neurons and increased neuro‐inflammatory response. Food and Drug Administration in the United States has authorized various drugs for the effective treatment of AD, which include galantamine, rivastigmine, donepezil, memantine, sodium oligomannate, lecanemab, and aducanumab. The major disadvantage of these drugs is that they only provide “symptomatic” relief. They are most effective in the early stages or for mild to moderate cases of the disease, but are not suitable for long‐term use. Besides conventional therapies, phytochemicals have the potential to stop the progression of AD. According to research, the use of potential phytochemicals against AD has gained attention due to their potent anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, metal chelation, and anti‐amyloid properties. This study seeks to provide an up‐to‐date compilation of the most current and promising breakthroughs in AD therapy using phytochemicals. It could be concluded that phytochemicals light serve as an effective therapy for AD. However, more mechanistic investigations are needed to determine the clinical implications of phytochemicals in AD treatment.
Evaluating trapped lee‐wave characteristics over the UK and Ireland in convection‐permitting model forecasts using satellite imagery
Authors: Houtman Hette G. , Teixeira Miguel A. C. , Gray Suzanne L. , Sheridan Peter , Vosper Simon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTrapped lee waves exert frictional forces on the atmosphere which, due to the small scale of the orography that causes the waves, must be parametrised in coarser‐resolution weather and climate models. Because of the scarcity of in situ observations, numerical model data have been used in previous climatological studies of trapped lee waves, which necessitates model evaluation. While the occurrence of trapped lee waves in models has been evaluated in a systematic manner before, their characteristics have not. To this end, the wavelength and orientation of trapped lee waves in the (UK) Met Office's convective‐scale variable‐resolution model (UKV) are validated against geostationary satellite imagery for the year 2023. The validation is performed using a newly developed wavelet transform technique for the objective estimation of wavelengths and orientations from pre‐selected satellite images and corresponding model‐derived vertical velocity fields. The model is shown to be skilful in reproducing trapped lee‐wave wavelengths, but consistently overestimates them, especially when these wavelengths are below 9 km ( six times the model grid spacing). Anisotropy in the satellite's resolution complicates the analysis of wave orientations between the model and the satellite imagery, but they are nonetheless found to be correlated. There is no evidence for a decline in trapped lee‐wave production in short‐range forecasts and most of the model's skill in wavelength and orientation prediction is retained at a two‐day lead time. Overall, the wavelength and orientation of trapped lee waves are generally found to be well‐reproduced, which, due to the high sensitivity of trapped lee‐wave characteristics to flow parameters, suggests that the UKV provides an accurate representation of the conditions relevant to trapped lee‐wave formation. The model may therefore be considered a suitable substitute for observations in climatological studies of trapped lee waves and in the future development of a trapped lee‐wave drag parametrisation.
IPAD: Iterative Prediction and Decomposition for Sparse Anomaly Detection in Video With Non‐Low‐Rank Background
Authors: Wang Yichun , Wang Kaibo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTVideo anomaly detection (VAD) has the capability to identify product surface defects and has been used in some real industrial applications. Given the typically unlabeled nature of industrial data, most existing research employs unsupervised learning to detect surface defects. However, existing approaches, such as those based on tensor decomposition, assume a low‐rank video background and are only valid when the objects being inspected are static. If the objects are in motion, such as on a conveyor belt, which is common in modern manufacturing lines, these methods become ineffective. Additionally, deep learning‐based video prediction methods often suffer from error accumulation. In this work, a novel method called iterative prediction and decomposition (IPAD) has been proposed to address these challenges. In each iteration, the method initially predicts the subsequent frame based on information from the previous frames. Then, sparse surface defects are separated from the defect‐free regions through the application of an optimization algorithm. The proposed method relaxes the low‐rank assumption, making it applicable to non‐low‐rank backgrounds, and utilizes previously predicted frames to mitigate error accumulation. The prediction network is fine‐tuned using videos generated from industrial images, and its performance is evaluated by datasets with real factory environments and simulated anomalies. The IPAD method demonstrates superior performance in predicting defect‐free parts and detecting sparse surface defects.
Highly Efficient Compositional and Compound Specific Isotopic Analysis of Volatile Primary Amines and Ammonia in the Murchison Meteorite Using SPME On‐Fiber Derivatization: Optimization for Bennu Sample Analyses
Authors: Huang Yongsong , Santos Ewerton , Alexandre Marcelo R. , Heck Philipp R. , Milliken Ralph , Glavin Daniel P. , Dworkin Jason P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleExtraterrestrial amines and ammonia are critical ingredients for the formation of astrobiologically important compounds such as amino acids and nucleobases. However, conventional methods for analyzing the composition and isotopic ratios of volatile amines suffer from lengthy derivatization and purification procedures, high sample mass consumption, and chromatographic interferences from derivatization reagents and non‐target compounds.MethodsHere we demonstrate a highly efficient method to analyze the composition and compound specific isotopic ratios of C1 to C6 amines as well as ammonia based on solid phase micro‐extraction (SPME) on‐fiber derivatization. 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl chloroformate (PFBCF) adsorbed on a solid phase SPME fiber is subsequently exposed to the headspace of the water extract of the Murchison meteorite to selectively extract, derivatize and concentrate volatile amines and ammonia. PFBCF does not directly contact the aqueous solution containing other soluble organics.ResultsAn aliquot of volatile amines and ammonia in the headspace are selectively derivatized on the SPME fiber and subsequently thermally desorbed onto the GC injector for analysis. Only the amounts of amines required for either compositional or isotopic analysis are derivatized and consumed in the process, preserving the bulk fraction of amines and ammonia for other analyses, and the process does not affect other volatile compound classes. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios of amines are obtained by isotopic mass balance.ConclusionsThe exceptional selectivity and sensitivity of SPME on‐fiber derivatization of volatile amines in carbonaceous chondrite extracts allow minimization of sample consumption. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic values of individual amines in the Murchison meteorite are consistent with their extraterrestrial origin, with a substantial fraction inherited from interstellar molecular clouds. SPME on‐fiber derivatization is well suited for analyzing extraterrestrial materials, especially precious asteroid return samples.
Detection of LGD‐4033 Metabolites in Camel Urine, Plasma, and Hair Following Oral Administration for Doping Control
Authors: Ondern Komathu Praseen , Padusha Syed Ali M , Saraswathy Laya , Nalakath Jahfar , Hebel Christiana , Palathinkal Ansar Babu , Naduvilakkandy Rasheed 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleLGD‐4033, a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), is recognized for promoting muscle growth and enhancing athletic performance. Its potent anabolic effects have led to its prohibition in both human and animal sports. Although initial in vitro studies have offered insights into its metabolism, an in‐depth in vivo analysis is necessary to fully understand its metabolic pathways. This research aims to thoroughly investigate the metabolic profile of LGD‐4033 in camels to establish reliable analytical markers, thereby addressing an important gap in the doping detection in camel racing.MethodsUrine, plasma, and hair samples were collected from three healthy camels following a single oral administration of 100 mg LGD‐4033 mixed with food. These biological samples were then analyzed using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HRMS).ResultsFourteen metabolites were identified across all sample types. The main Phase I metabolite, M6 (dihydroxylation), appears to be a primary target analyte for urine‐based doping analysis. Both dihydroxy and trihydroxy metabolites were notably abundant in urine, accompanied by glucuronic and sulfonic acid conjugates; however, sulfonic acid conjugates were absent in in‐vitro studies. Further research on hair samples, especially at higher LGD‐4033 dosages, is recommended.ConclusionsThe findings from this study will improve the rapid identification of LGD‐4033 and related compounds, supporting effective doping control in camel racing. These results enhance understanding of LGD‐4033 metabolism in camels and advance the development of reliable methods for detecting SARMs in this field.
Interstitial pneumonia due to Japanese spotted fever
Authors: Arai Katsunori , Tokuyasu Hirokazu , Konishi Tatsuya , Tatsukawa Toshiyuki , Takeda Kenichi , Yamasaki Akira 
Published: January 2025

Key messageWe report case of Japanese spotted fever with interstitial pneumonia. In patients with signs of interstitial pneumonia on chest computed tomography, Rickettsial pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially if they have visited a Rickettsia‐endemic area.
Highly Conductive, Ultratough, and Adhesive Eutectogels with Environmental Tolerance Enabled by Liquid Metal Composites
Authors: Wang Jialin , Zhao Kai , Zhao Yanbo , Ye Changqing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEutectogels are recently emerged as promising alternatives to hydrogels owing to their good environmental stability derived from deep eutectic solvents (DES). However, construction of competent eutectogels with both high conductivity and mechanical toughness is still difficult to achieve yet highly demanded. In this work, new LMNP‐PEDOT‐CMC‐AA (LPCA) eutectogels are prepared using acrylic acid (AA) and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) as polymeric networks, liquid metal nanoparticle‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (LMNP‐PEDOT) are added as multifunctional soft fillers. Benefiting from the compliant and conductive LMNP‐PEDOT, the LPCA eutectogels exhibit high conductivity (0.224 S m−1), electromechanical coupling, stretchability (4228%) and exceptional toughness (7.278 MJ m−3). Additionally, abundant hydrogen interactions and available functional groups within eutectogels endow them excellent self‐healing and adhesion on different substrates. Moreover, the LPCA eutectogels demonstrate superior environmental tolerance including anti‐freezing and anti‐drying, thus allowing for long‐term functional reliability. These appealing characteristics enable accurate and stable tracking of human motions, as well as information delivery based on Morse code. This study opens the possibility of designing conductive and tough eutectogels enabled by LM composites.
Modulating Interface of Ni‐Embedded Hollow Porous Ti3C2Tx MXene Film Toward Efficient EMI Shielding
Authors: Liu Heguang , Dang Jiarou , Lei Chao , Zhu Zhanglin , Li Xiaolian , Ding Haoyue , Tian Na , You Caiyin , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSince the explosive growth of state‐of‐the‐art electronics and devices raises concerns about electromagnetic pollution, exploring novel and efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials is desirable and crucial. Ti3C2Tx MXenes hold significant EMI shielding potential due to their inherent characteristics, including lightweight, metal‐like conductivities, unique layered structure, and facile processing. Nonetheless, it remains challenging to fabricate Ti3C2Tx MXenes‐based EMI shielding materials with efficient shielding capability and low reflection. Herein, an interface modulating strategy is designed to fabricate Ni‐embedded hollow porous Ti3C2Tx MXene film. Benefiting from this strategy, the impedance matching is enhanced and the magnetic loss is simultaneously introduced. The multiple reflections, Ohmic loss, magnetic loss, and interfacial polarization concurrently contribute to the EMI shielding mechanism of the film. Accordingly, the film delivers an impressive EMI shielding effectiveness (SET) of 70.7 dB at a thickness of ≈55 µm, whilst the average reflection effectiveness (SER) is only 17.4 dB. The specific EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) is as high as 35126 dB∙cm2∙g−1. This study demonstrates a novel and effective routine for constructing EMI shielding materials with superior shielding capability and minimal reflection.
Study on pull‐out test of steel and semi‐grouting sleeve connection after high temperature
Authors: Ma Jinfeng , Zhu Jianing , Guo Dongdong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper conducted a study on the mechanical properties of steel and semi‐grouting sleeve connections after high temperatures through pull‐out tests. The primary parameters investigated in the experimental study included the anchorage length and temperature. The test results indicated that the bearing capacity of the steel and semi‐grouting sleeve connection hardly changes with the increase of temperature after being subjected to temperatures of 400°C and lower. After 600°C and higher, the bearing capacity of the steel and semi‐grouting sleeve connector decreased significantly, and the steel bar breaking occurred when the anchorage length was 145 mm, while the bond failure occurred when the anchorage length was smaller than 145 mm, which indicated that the bearing capacity of the specimen can be significantly improved by increasing the anchorage length in higher temperature condition. Finally, the calculation formula of the ultimate bearing capacity of steel and semi‐grouting sleeve connection after high temperature was put forward, and the proposed formula was proved to be accurate and feasible by comparing with the test results, which provided a reference for the relevant engineering design.