bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severity of preterm birth and the risk of pulmonary hypertension in childhood: A population‐based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Carr Hanna , Gunnerbeck Anna , Eisenlauer Peter , Johansson Stefan , Cnattingius Sven , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Edstedt Bonamy Anna‐Karin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth (<37 completed gestational weeks) has been linked to pulmonary hypertension (PH), but the relationship to severity of preterm birth has not been studied.ObjectivesWe investigated associations between extremely (<28 weeks), very (28–31 weeks), moderately (32–36 weeks) preterm birth, early‐term birth (37–38 weeks) and later PH. Additionally, we explored associations between birthweight for gestational age and PH.MethodsThis registry‐based cohort study followed 3.1 million individuals born in Sweden (1987–2016) from 1 up to a maximum of 30 years of age. The outcome was diagnosis or death from PH in national health registers. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Unadjusted and confounder‐adjusted incidence rate differences were also calculated.ResultsOf 3,142,812 individuals, there were 543 cases of PH (1.2 per 100,000 person‐years), 153 of which in individuals without malformations. Compared with individuals born at 39 weeks, adjusted HRs with 95% confidence interval (CI) for PH for extremely, moderately, and very preterm birth were 68.78 (95% CI 49.49, 95.57), 13.86 (95% CI 9.27, 20.72) and 3.42 (95% CI 2.46, 4.74), respectively, and for early‐term birth 1.74 (1.31, 2.32). HRs were higher in subjects without malformations. There were 90 additional cases of PH per 100,000 person‐years in the extremely preterm group (50 after excluding malformations). Very small for gestational age (below 2 SD from estimated birthweight for gestational age and sex) was also associated with increased risk of PH (adjusted HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.14, 3.57).ConclusionsWe found an inverse association between gestational age and later PH, but the incidence and absolute risks are low. The severity of preterm birth adds clinically relevant information to the assessment of cardiovascular risks in childhood.
The welfare implications of COVID‐19 for fragile and conflict‐affected regions
Authors: Tabakis Chrysostomos , Ten Gi Khan , Newhouse David , Pape Utz , Weber Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the ramifications of the COVID‐19 pandemic for households' welfare in regions subject to fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) is important to inform programs and policies in this context. Harmonized data from high‐frequency phone surveys indicates that, at the onset of the pandemic, a higher fraction of respondents in FCV regions relative to non‐FCV ones faced adverse household income changes and reported to have stopped working since the outbreak of the crisis. On top of that, households in FCV regions were far less likely to have received government assistance than those in non‐FCV regions. These findings suggest that, at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was a widening of the preexisting economic gap between FCV and non‐FCV regions, raising the recovery bar for the former.
Assessment of nitrogen fertilization in cotton/soybean intercropping using the 15N isotope dilution method
Authors: Jing Bo , Shi Wenjuan , Liu Lu , Wang Ying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntercropping of cotton and legume plants offers long‐term crop productivity while saving agricultural resources and improving soil health. However, the use of nitrogen (N) in cotton/legume intercropping systems requires further evaluation. In this study, three N fertilization rates (cotton/soybean: 160/20, 320/40 and 480/80 kg N ha−1) incorporating three root barrier systems (complete, semi and no root barrier between the crops) under cotton/soybean intercropping systems were conducted to assess interactions between N supply and N transfer, recovery and residue using the 15N isotope dilution method. The results show that cotton was a stronger competitor for N than soybean plants. The 320/40 kg N ha−1 treatment with no root barrier system inhibited the growth of soybean, while the growth, productivity and N uptake for cotton were maximized. The N fixation rate (%NDFA) in soybean and N transfer rate (%NTFS) from soybean to cotton decreased with the increasing N fertilizer application rate, whereas the intercropping system with no root barrier increased %NDFA and %NTFS. The higher N fertilization rate increased the N residue on the side of cotton, whereas the intercropping with no root barrier increased N utilization rate (%NUR) and reduced N residue rate (%NRR). The N transfer amount (NTA) was positively correlated with cotton yield, dry matter (DM) and N uptake, while NTA was negatively correlated with these indicators for soybean. Overall, cotton/soybean intercropping adapted to the 320/40 kg N ha−1 condition and intercropping with no root barrier system by balancing growth, changing N uptake and regulating N fixation transfer, mitigating the issue of N residue.
Expanding the scope of the infectious diseases pharmacist in HCT: Beyond antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Weerdenburg Heather , Lindsay Julian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundInfectious disease (ID) pharmacists and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are integral to the infection management of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients demonstrating effective implementation of clinical pathways, de‐escalation of empirical antibiotics for febrile neutropenia (FN), allergy assessments, and use of rapid diagnostic testing. The HCT procedure is complex, dynamic, and a high risk for infectious complications. Therefore, there is an important role for an ID and AMS pharmacist to collaborate with the primary treating team, with ongoing care, involving the optimal individual patient prophylactic, pre‐emptive and treatment management of infections in this high‐risk population.ConclusionThis review highlights key factors for consideration of ID/AMS Pharmacists in relation to HCT, including important aspects in the evaluation of infection risk prior to transplant, risk from donor sources, length of, and changes in immunosuppression, and potential drug‐drug interactions from other essential supportive care therapies.
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Mobile blood depots in ground ambulances in compliance with French legislation: A feasibility study
Authors: Daniel Yann , Derkenne Clément , Corcostegui Simon‐Pierre , Jost Daniel , Martinaud Christophe , Travers Stéphane , Lataillade Jean‐Jacques 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrehospital transfusion is a way of improving the management of hemorrhagic shock. In France, prehospital transfusion is struggling to develop, both because of logistical difficulties and particularly restrictive legislation. To comply with this, we propose to store the blood products (BPs) in ground ambulances with refrigerated boxes allowing remote continuous monitoring of storage conditions, called “NelumBox” (Tec4med Lifescience GmbH). To open them, the ambulance's team needs a code that is only given by the Transfusion Center if the request meets all required regulatory criteria.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a prospective simulation‐based feasibility study using dummy BPs. Two ambulances were equipped. Simulations were triggered unexpectedly, including during on‐call hours. The ability to quickly access the BPs was the main judgment criterion. The quality of hemovigilance during these simulations was also examined.ResultsTwenty‐two simulations were performed. The ambulance's team was able to access the BPs in 100% of cases. The average waiting time for receiving the unlocking code was 5 min 27 s (SD = 2 min 12 s, MAX = 12 min 00 s). The transfusion traceability was compliant with regulations in 100% of cases. The transfusion center was able to remotely monitor BPs storage conditions for the entire duration of their stockage in the NelumBox.DiscussionThe present procedure is efficient, repeatable, and fast. It guarantees a strict transfusion safety without slowdown a severe trauma management, while complying with French regulations.
Imagining the Lived Experience of Democracy in Peru
Authors: Gamarra Alonso 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAfter more than six years of increasing political instability, in December 2022, Peru entered a period of turmoil marked by nation‐wide state violence. As people all over Peru contest the rise of Dina Boluarte's presidency and the country's history of neoliberal reforms, state authorities use unfounded accusations of terrorism to criminalize demonstrators and sustain militarized repression. This wave of violence—unmatched since the Internal Armed Conflict (1980‐2000)—has overwhelmingly affected Indigenous, rural, and racialized communities. In this essay, our editorial assistant, Alonso Gamarra, shares an intimate perspective of the current unrest in his home country.
Effect of dexmedetomidine added to retrobulbar blockade with lignocaine and bupivacaine in dogs undergoing enucleation surgery
Authors: Irving William , Annear Matthew , Whittaker Cameron , Caruso Kelly , Reynolds Benjamin , McCarthy Paul , Smith Jeff 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the addition of dexmedetomidine (BLD) to retrobulbar blockade with combined lignocaine and bupivacaine on nociception.AnimalsA total of 17 eyes from 15 dogs.MethodsProspective, randomized, masked clinical comparison study. Dogs undergoing unilateral enucleation were randomly assigned into two groups; a retrobulbar administration of lignocaine and bupivacaine in a 1:2 volume ratio combined with either BLD or 0.9% saline (BLS). The total volume of the intraconal injection was calculated at 0.1 mL/cm cranial length. Intraoperative parameters were recorded: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2) arterial blood pressure (BP), and inspired isoflurane concentration (ISOinsp). Pain scores, heart rate and RR were recorded postoperatively.ResultsDogs receiving BLD (n = 8) had significantly lower intraoperative RR (p = 0.007), and significantly lower ISOinsp (p = 0.037) than dogs in the BLS group (n = 9). Postoperatively heart rate was significantly lower in the BLD group at 1 min (p = 0.025) and 1 h (p = 0.022). There were no other significant differences in intraoperative or postoperative parameters, or in postoperative pain scores (p = 0.354). Dogs receiving BLD had a higher rate of anesthetic events of bradycardia and hypertension (p = 0.027). Analgesic rescue was not needed in either group.ConclusionsThe addition of BLD to retrobulbar anesthesia did not result in a detectable difference in pain scores relative to blockade with lignocaine and bupivacaine alone. Dogs receiving retrobulbar BLD had a significantly lower intraoperative RR and isoflurane requirement and an increased incidence of intraoperative bradycardia and hypertension.
Caudal pole meniscectomy through an arthroscopic caudomedial portal in dogs: A cadaveric study
Authors: Keider Stefan , Schmierer Philipp A. , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a caudomedial instrumental portal for caudal pole meniscectomy (CPM).Study designExperimental ex‐vivo study.Sample populationTen cadaveric hindlimbs of 10 large breed dogs.MethodsEach hindlimb was used for establishing the caudomedial portal for CPM. The surgical time was recorded. Specimens were disarticulated afterwards, and the completeness of CPM was documented. Iatrogenic injuries to the articular cartilage and the intra‐ and periarticular structures were assessed.ResultsThe extent of the CPM (mean ± SD, percentage of the resected medial meniscus) was 29.8 ± 12.9% of the area of the medial meniscus. There were no injuries to the medial collateral ligament or caudal cruciate ligament. The mean iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) was 3.71 ± 1.78% of the area of the medial meniscus.ConclusionThe establishment of a caudomedial portal for CPM in canine cadavers was feasible and allowed to perform a partial caudal pole meniscectomy.Clinical significanceA caudomedial portal may be considered for CPM in selected cases when caudal tears cannot be accessed through the standard portals.
Cyber Physical Production Systems for Deep Drawing
Authors: Jung Robert O. , Bleicher Friedrich , Krall Stephan , Juricek Christian , Lottes Rainer , Steinschütz Karoline , Reininger Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Deep Drawing is an essential manufacturing technology for car body parts. High process stability is a key to reducing scrap and therefore the ecological footprint during production. To deal with an unknown fluctuation of the incoming material properties and uncertainties considering the friction, an adaptive process needs to be implemented. Various approaches have been pursued in the past, but not all of them are suited for industrial series production with high demands for equipment durability, cost efficiency, and flexibility. For this reason, a new concept for cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) in deep drawing is presented, linking the data from the simulation, tool, press, material, and finished part quality. Two common application scenarios are distinguished. First, these are large outer parts with a complex geometry and high value, typically produced with tandem presses. Second, smaller structural parts from high-strength steel for the body in white (BIW) are usually produced through a transfer or progressive die. Non-destructive material testing, supplier material certificates, and data measured directly in the forming tool are considered regarding the input. The servo curve and blank holder force (BHF) operate as control instances. Within the two application scenarios, a reactive and a preventive solution are characterized. As a first step toward the implementation of the CPPS, material inflow, and force sensors are installed and tested in an industrially relevant deep drawing tool.
Shimmy Suppression of an Aircraft Nose Landing Gear Using Torsional Nonlinear Energy Sink
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Tao , Jin Xianyu , Yin Yin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Shimmy motion may occur for an aircraft nose landing gear (NLG) during its takeoff, landing, and taxiing procedure, which is an undesirable motion and should be suppressed. Here, a novel torsional nonlinear energy sink (NES) based on the cam-roller mechanism is proposed and applied in the NLG to improve its shimmy performance. The torsional NES is connected with the upper and lower struts of the NLG and its mechanical characteristic is studied. A seven-dimensional dynamic model of the NLG coupled with NES is built, which considers the NLG torsional and lateral motions, and the nonlinear tire model. The numerical continuation method is applied to analyze its shimmy performance, the stable area and limit cycle oscillation (LCO) amplitude are acquired, further compared with those of the original NLG without using the NES. The results show that as the NES is used in the NLG, the torsional shimmy dominated unstable area reduces significantly and the lateral shimmy dominated unstable area decreases slightly, which results in the increase of the stable area of the NLG; the maximum LCO amplitudes for the NLG torsional and lateral shimmy become smaller, the forward speed ranges as the torsional and lateral shimmy occur become narrower, which indicates that the stable forward speed ranges of the NLG become wider; the NLG shimmy performance improves as the NES has larger torsional inertia and damping, and smaller torsional linear stiffness. Thus, the NES can suppress the NLG shimmy motion and enhance its shimmy performance effectively.
Zika virus dumbbell-1 structure is critical for sfRNA presence and cytopathic effect during infection
Authors: Graham Monica E. , Merrick Camille , Akiyama Benjamin M. , Szucs Matthew J. , Leach Sarah , Kieft Jeffery S. , Beckham J. David 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

All flaviviruses contain conserved RNA structures in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) that are important for flavivirus RNA replication, translation, and pathogenesis. Flaviviruses like Zika virus (ZIKV) contain multiple conserved RNA structures in the viral 3′ UTR, including the structure known as dumbbell-1 (DB-1). Previous research has shown that the DB-1 structure is important for flavivirus positive-strand genome replication, but the functional role of the flavivirus DB-1 structure and the mechanism by which it contributes to viral pathogenesis are not known. Using the recently solved flavivirus DB RNA structural data, we designed two DB-1 mutant ZIKV infectious clones, termed ZIKV-TL.PK and ZIKV-p.2.5′, which disrupt DB-1 tertiary folding. We found that viral positive-strand genome replication of both ZIKV DB-1 mutant clones is similar to wild-type (WT) ZIKV, but ZIKV DB-1 mutants exhibit significantly decreased cytopathic effect due to reduced caspase-3 activation. We next show that ZIKV DB-1 mutants exhibit decreased levels of sfRNA species compared to ZIKV-WT during infection. However, ZIKV DB-1 mutant 3′ UTRs exhibit unchanged sfRNA biogenesis following XRN1 degradation
in vitro
. We also found that ZIKV DB-1 mutant virus (ZIKV-p.2.5′) exhibited enhanced sensitivity to type I interferon treatment, and both ZIKV-DB-1 mutants exhibit reduced morbidity and mortality due to tissue-specific attenuated viral replication in brain tissue of interferon type I/II receptor knockout mice. We propose that the flavivirus DB-1 RNA structure maintains sfRNA levels during infection despite maintained sfRNA biogenesis, and these results indicate that ZIKV DB-dependent maintenance of sfRNA levels support caspase-3-dependent, cytopathic effect, type I interferon resistance, and viral pathogenesis in mammalian cells and in a ZIKV murine model of disease.

IMPORTANCE
The group of viruses termed flaviviruses cause important disease throughout the world and include dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and many more. All of these flaviviruses have highly conserved RNA structures in the untranslated regions of the virus genome. One of the shared RNA structures, termed the dumbbell region, is not well studied, but mutations in this region are important for vaccine development. In this study, we made structure-informed targeted mutations in the Zika virus dumbbell region and studied the effect on the virus. We found that Zika virus dumbbell mutants are significantly weakened or attenuated due to a decreased ability to produce non-coding RNA that is needed to support infection, support virus-induced cell death, and support escape from the host immune system. These data show that targeted mutations in the flavivirus dumbbell RNA structure may be an important approach to develop future vaccine candidates.
A New Peptide from the Venom of the Madagascar Cat-Eyed Snake Madagascarophis colubrinus Blocks Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Authors: Kryukova E. V. , Ivanov D. A. , Kopylova N. V. , Starkov V. G. , Andreeva T. V. , Ivanov I. A. , Tsetlin V. I. , Utkin Yu. N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract—
In screening the venoms of various snake species, we found that the venom of the Madagascar cat-eyed snake Madagascarophis colubrinus competes with α-bungarotoxin for binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. Using liquid chromatography, a peptide that inhibits the binding of α‑bungartoxin to this receptor was isolated from the venom and named macoluxin. The amino acid sequence of this 23-amino acid peptide was determined by automatic Edman degradation. Comparison with amino acid sequences of known proteins showed that the macoluxin sequence is homologous to the α-helical region of the sequence of snake venom metalloproteinases. The peptide was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis, and the study of its biological activity showed that it inhibits the binding of α-bungarotoxin to the Torpedo receptor with an IC50 of 47 μM. Macoluxin also reversibly inhibited acetylcholine-induced currents in the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This is the first data on the presence of a peptide that can inhibit the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the venom of rear-fanged snakes.
Ketamine for atypical facial pain and hormonal dysregulation: a case report
Authors: Darwish Yousef , Willeford Sierra , Mahesh Krithika , Van Stephanie 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundKetamine has garnered increased interest for its promising applications in chronic pain treatment, particularly in cases where conventional therapies have proven insufficient. Nevertheless, despite its potential advantages, ketamine remains classified as a third-line medication for pain management. While there are well-documented reactions to ketamine such as hypertension and tachycardia, not much is known about its relationship to cortisol. In this case report, we explicate the administration of ketamine in a patient presenting with atypical facial pain, examining its multifaceted effects on cortisol levels and concurrent pain management.Case presentationA patient with a history of Cushing’s disease underwent multiple resections of a pituitary tumor. Afterwards, the patient began experiencing a burning-like pain on the left side of the face. The discomfort was initially treated with a variety of neuromodulatory and anti-inflammatory medications, which caused intolerable side effects and were not effective for pain. As a final recourse, we initiated a regimen of oral compounded ketamine at 5–10 mg three times daily as needed. The patient exhibited marked amelioration in their pain symptoms; however, there was an elevation in their baseline cortisol. In view of the potential risk of inducing Cushing’s syndrome, the administration of daily ketamine was discontinued.ConclusionWhile ketamine is primarily known to control pain through the antagonization of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, its effects on cortisol may also contribute to its analgesic properties. Physicians should be aware of the potential for these interactions, particularly when treating patients with a predisposition to hormonal imbalances.
Deep parasternal intercostal plane nerve block: an anatomical study
Authors: Harbell Monica W , Langley Natalie R , Seamans David P , Kraus Molly B , Carey Frederick J , Craner Ryan C 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe superficial and deep parasternal intercostal plane (DPIP) blocks are two new blocks for thoracic pain. There are limited cadaveric studies evaluating the dye spread with these blocks. In this study, we examined the dye spread of an ultrasound-guided DPIP block in a human cadaveric model.MethodsFive ultrasound-guided DPIP blocks were performed in four unembalmed human cadavers using an in-plane approach with a linear transducer oriented in a transverse plane adjacent to the sternum. Twenty milliliters of 0.1% methylene blue were injected between ribs 3 and 4 into the plane deep to the internal intercostal muscles and superficial to the transversus thoracis muscle layer. The chest muscles were dissected, and the extent of dye spread was documented in both cephalocaudal and mediolateral directions.ResultsThe transversus thoracis muscle slips were stained in all cadavers from 4 to 6 levels. Intercostal nerves were dyed in all specimens. Four levels of intercostal nerves were dyed in each specimen with variability in number of levels stained above and below the level of the injection.ConclusionsThe DPIP block spreads along the tissue plane above the transversus thoracis muscles to multiple levels to dye the intercostal nerves in this cadaver study. This block may be of clinical value for analgesia in anterior thoracic surgical procedures.