bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic comparison between an optimized and a traditional sewer system design
Authors: González María A. , Saldarriaga Juan G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Sewage systems are essential for the efficient functioning of cities. Wastewater contains solids and organic matter that pose health risks, making it necessary to optimize the sewage system design. In recent years, optimization tools have been introduced to minimize costs while still complying with regulations. Despite this, traditional designs still dominate, but the use of optimization methodologies can significantly reduce construction costs. For this reason, this research will compare the construction costs of a sewage system designed optimally and one designed using traditional methods, to determine the cost difference between the two. In a sector of Bogota, Colombia, a sewerage system was already built and designed according to Colombian laws using traditional methodologies. The information from this area was used to implement the UTOPIA program, created by the Universidad de los Andes. This program uses the Shortest Path Problem with the Bellman-Ford algorithm to design the network and minimize costs. The results show that the optimized system was about 15% cheaper than the traditional one, and it ensured that all pipelines met the design restrictions. Optimized sewage systems are a useful alternative for ensuring universal access to safe drinking water, increasing sewerage coverage, and reducing problems associated with inadequate design.
Investigation of the propagation of meteorological to hydrological drought and water required to recover from drought over Ethiopian basins
Authors: Beyene Tegegn Kassa , Agarwal Ankit , Jain Manoj Kumar , Yadav Brijesh K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

This study investigates drought propagation from meteorological to hydrological and streamflow required to recover from drought in four sub-basins: Genale, Tekeze, Awash, and Baro basins of Ethiopia. Due to limited observed streamflow data, the soil moisture accounting and routing (SMAR) model was used to extend the streamflow data for each sub-basin from 1985 to 2017. Drought characteristics in terms of duration, severity, and onset/offset of drought and propagation time at different time scales are investigated using run theory and Pearson correlation, respectively. Two Archimedean copulas (Clayton and Gumbel) are used to identify the joint return period between drought duration and severity and the amount of streamflow required to recover from hydrological drought for each sub-basin. Our results revealed that drought frequency has increased over most sub-basins over the last two decades. The propagation time from meteorological drought to hydrological drought is shorter over the Tekeze sub-basin (1–3 months); however, Genale and Awash sub-basin show 3- to 6-month propagation time. The more extended propagation time is seen over the Baro sub-basin (6–9 months). The required amount of water for drought recovery estimation shows a linear relationship between the duration of the drought and the amount required.
The impact of chlorine, ultraviolet-C, and microwave treatment on the survivability of Blastocystis sp. cysts
Authors: Mokhtar Amira B. , Karanis Panagiotis , Schou Chad , Ahmed Shahira A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Blastocystis sp. is a common widely distributed gut protozoan, with water transmission identified as one of its transmission routes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chlorine, ultraviolet (UV)-C, and microwave (MW) treatments on the in vitro viability of cysts of Blastocystis sp. Purified Blastocystis sp. cysts were molecularly subtyped. Viable cysts were subjected to different free chlorine concentrations (1, 2, and 4 ppm), different doses of UV-C (5.13, 10.26, 20.52, and 40.47 mJ/cm2), and MW irradiation times (10, 15, 30, and 45 s). Viability reduction percentage, log10 inactivation, and micrometre-based optical microscopy examined cyst number and appearance after each disinfection trial. The three disinfectants’ efficacy and application conditions were assessed. The analysed isolates of Blastocystis cysts were subtype 3, possessed varying sizes and shapes, but two identical genomes. The cysts of Blastocystis sp. were resistant to chlorine at all doses and exposure durations tested. UV-C at a dose of 40 mJ/cm2 and MW treatment for 15 s were able to completely disinfect the cysts. The MW was the most effective disinfectant against Blastocystis cysts based on all evaluated factors. MW irradiation is the most efficient water treatment method for eradicating Blastocystis cysts in an easy and safe manner.
Statins as a Potential Treatment for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Target Deconvolution using Protein-protein Interaction Network Analysis
Authors: Mahmoudi Ali , Butler Alexandra E. , Orekhov Alexander N. , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is
aberrant buildup of triglycerides (TGs) in hepatocytes. Many genes promote NAFLD development.
Using bioinformatics tools, we investigated the possible effect of statins on
genes involved in NAFLD progression

Methods:
Protein interactions of statins and NAFLD were searched in gene-drug and
gene-disease databases. A Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to
find hub genes and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) of NAFLD-related genes.
Shared protein targets between protein targets of statins and NAFLD-associated genes
were identified. Next, targets of each statin were assayed with all modular clusters in the
MCODEs related to NAFLD. Biological process and pathway enrichment analysis for
shared proteins was performed.

Results:
Screening protein targets for conventional statins and curated NAFLD-related
genes identified 343 protein targets and 70 genes, respectively. A Venn diagram of
NAFLD-related genes and protein targets of statins showed 24 shared proteins. The biological
pathways on KEGG enrichment associated with the 24 shared protein sets were
evaluated and included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, adipocytokine, PPAR,
TNF and AMPK signaling pathways. Gene Ontology analysis showed major involvement
in lipid metabolic process regulation and inflammatory response. PPI network analysis
of 70 protein targets indicated 13 hub genes (PPARA, IL4, CAT, LEP, SREBF1,
PRKCA, CYP2E1, NFE2L2, PTEN, NR1H4, ADIPOQ, GSTP1 and TGFB1). Comparing
all seven statins with the three MCODE clusterings and 13 hub genes revealed that
simvastatin as the most associated statin with NAFLD.

Conclusions:
Simvastatin has the most impact on NAFLD-related genes versus other
statins.
Synthesis of Epichlorohydrin-based Click-dendrons with Different Functional
Groups
Authors: Ocherednyuk Evgeny , Burilov Vladimir , Shilyaeva Tatiana , Solovieva Svetlana , Antipin Igor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
A methodology for synthesizing 1st generation triazole-containing dendrons based on
epichlorohydrin with different functional groups was developed using a Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne
cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) reaction. The proposed methodology uses simple reagents and can
serve as a basis for the synthesis of dendrons and dendrimers of higher generations. High reaction
yields as well as the cost of starting reagents, make the preparation of such compounds economically
and environmentally favorable.
Neurotrophic Factors in Cannabis-induced Psychosis: An Update
Authors: Ricci Valerio , de Berardis Domenico , Martinotti Giovanni , Maina Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance. Numerous scientific
evidence confirm the strong association between cannabis and psychosis. Exposure to cannabis can
induce the development of psychosis and schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals. However, the
neurobiological processes underlying this relationship are unknown. Neurotrophins are a class of
proteins that serve as survival factors for central nervous system (CNS) neurons. In particular,
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) plays an important role in the survival and function of cholinergic neurons
while Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is involved in synaptic plasticity and the
maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons. Glial Cell Derived Neurotrophic
Factor (GDNF) promotes the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and Neuregulin 1 (NrG-
1) contributes to glutamatergic signals regulating the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). They
have a remarkable influence on the neurons involved in the Δ-9-THC (tethra-hydro-cannabinol) action,
such as dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons, and can play dual roles: first, in neuronal
survival and death, and, second, in activity-dependent plasticity.

Methods:
In this brief update, reviewing in a narrative way the relevant literature, we will focus on
the effects of cannabis on this class of proteins, which may be implicated, at least in part, in the
mechanism of the psychostimulant-induced neurotoxicity and psychosis.

Conclusion:
Since altered levels of neurotrophins may participate in the pathogenesis of psychotic
disorders which are common in drug users, one possible hypothesis is that repeated cannabis exposure
can cause psychosis by interfering with neurotrophins synthesis and utilization by CNS neurons.
Recombinant Antibody Fragments for Neurological Disorders: An Update
Authors: Manoutcharian Karen , Gevorkian Goar 
Published: August 2023

:
Recombinant antibody fragments are promising alternatives to full-length immunoglobulins,
creating big opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry. Nowadays, antibody fragments such as
antigen-binding fragments (Fab), single-chain fragment variable (scFv), single-domain antibodies
(sdAbs), and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are being evaluated as diagnostics or therapeutics in preclinical
models and in clinical trials. Immunotherapy approaches, including passive transfer of protective
antibodies, have shown therapeutic efficacy in several animal models of Alzheimer´s disease
(AD), Parkinson´s disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Huntington´s disease (HD), transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS). There are various antibodies
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating multiple sclerosis and two amyloid
beta-specific humanized antibodies, Aducanumab and Lecanemab, for AD. Our previous review
summarized data on recombinant antibodies evaluated in pre-clinical models for immunotherapy of
neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we explore recent studies in this fascinating research field, give an
update on new preventive and therapeutic applications of recombinant antibody fragments for neurological
disorders and discuss the potential of antibody fragments for developing novel approaches for
crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and targeting cells and molecules of interest in the brain.
Quinoline-hydrazone Conjugates: Recent Insights into Synthetic Strategies, Structure-activity Relationship, and Biological Activities
Authors: Kumar Upendra , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kumar Greesh 
Published: August 2023

:
The fusion of two distinct and free pharmacologically active chemical moieties into single conjugate molecules can result in synergized pharmacological action of both moieties into the new composite molecule. Ultimately, it increases the therapeutic potentialof the newly formed hybrid compound which is more than the combination of each specific moiety’s therapeutic potential. So nowadays, it is common practice to combine at least two pharmacophores to create a particular compound with a powerful therapeutic effects. Quinoline has been reported with multiple pharmacological activities and industrial applications. On the other hand, hydrazones are also found very useful as herbicides, acaricides, rodenticides, insecticides, and various therapeutic applications. The conjugate containing quinoline and hydrazone is also being used as an anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. The combination of two moieties yields a better therapeutic effect because of excellent efficacy and fewer side effects. Several synthetic methods have been employed in recent times to synthesize quinoline-hydrazone conjugates which are listed in the manuscript with their merits and demerits. The structure-activity relationship relating to their pharmacological actions with molecular structure has also been highlighted. The article aims to provide a good toolkit and comprehension to the medicinal chemists, for their future work, comprising of quinoline-hydrazone hybrid compounds.
An Insight of Naturally Occurring Phytoconstituents and Novel
Approaches Towards the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Nooreen Zulfa , Rai Awani Kumar , Summayya Fariha , Tandon Sudeep 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The rising in diabetes incidents has clearly become one main worldwide
health problem. Individuals suffering from diabetes are still more susceptible to many long-term
and short-term side effects, which most often cause fatalities. Even though chemically synthesized
anti-diabetic entities are capable of helping manage and treat, there has been significant risks related
with their prolong and repetitive use. Hence, there is a requirement for safer and novel approaches
that might be formed and utilized.

Objective:
Aim of the present review is to explain the naturally occurring phytochemicals and novel
approach as anti-diabetic agents in the treatment of diabetes and its related issues.

Method:
A survey of Google scholar, Research Gate, Pubmed, Science Direct, NCBI database was
carried out conducted to determine a most hopeful phytochemicals and novel drug delivery systems
in the management of diabetes

Result:
The study stressed the significance of phytomolecules and some novel approaches researched
or reported in the literature for the management and cure of diabetes. It is suggested that
changes in lifestyle can help patients and like nutritional support, assessment and lifestyle guidance
must be individualized based on physical and functional capacity. Further evaluations and improved
preventative medicine were the result of improving patient outcomes.

Conclusion:
Conventional or synthetic drugs provide relief for short time but nanoformulations of
phytomolecules offer an improved therapeutic with fewer negative side effects. Herbal medicines
are rich in phytoconstituents and possess variety of health benefits. This review is compilation of
phytoconstituents and novel drug delivery system of phytomolecules i.e nanoparticles, niosomes,
microsphere, microparticle and others.
A Review of Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals and their Applications
Authors: Gadhave Sakshi , Narkhede Minal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Cellulose is one of the most abundant natural polymers developed in the ecosystem and has been used in many applications for industrial products
since ancient times. Although the main sources of cellulose are wood plant, fibers and, additional sources can also be discovered, such as algae,
fungi, bacteria, and even some marine organisms (such as tunicates). Mechanical or chemical processes are used to transform cellulosic materials
into cellulose nanocrystals due to their efficacy, high aspect ratio, low density, renewability, and non-toxicity. They have drawn a lot of attention in
a variety of industries. Here, we discuss various applications and properties in particular mechanical, rheological, liquid crystalline nature, and
adhesives to introduce cellulose nanocrystals hydrophilic, colloidal stable, and rigid rod-shaped bio-based nanomaterial with high strength and high
surface area. Under various circumstances, it improves the characteristics of various compounds. The grafting of polymers on the surface of
cellulose nanocrystals has attracted significant interest in both academia and industry due to the rapidly expanding number of potential applications
of surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals, which range from building blocks in nanocomposites and responsive nanomaterials to antimicrobial
agents. Furthermore, we explore the most popular polymerization methods, such as surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization, surface-initiated
free radical polymerization, surface-initiated atom transferred radical polymerization and surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization that
are employed to graft polymers from the surface and reducing end groups of cellulose nanocrystals. In this review, we examine the available
literature and provide a summary of recent applications of cellulose nanocrystals, including biomedical application, drug delivery, biosensor, tissue
engineering, antibacterial activity, wound healings, etc.
Mechanochemical and Microwave Multistep Organic Reactions
Authors: Margetic Davor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
The development of more sustainable chemical reactions and processes has been the focus of
recent research activities. Advances in the field of organic synthesis have led to the emergence of new
methodologies and techniques involving non-conventional energy sources. These include the applications
of mechanical energy (mechanochemistry) and microwave radiation (MW) methods. This article reviews
the advances in multistep organic synthesis of biologically relevant organic molecules using
mechanochemistry and microwave techniques. Among them, various heterocyclic molecules (with
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur atoms), amides, and peptides have been synthesized by multistep
mechanochemical or MW reactions. Performing multiple synthetic steps using more sustainable methods
shows cumulative advantages over multistep processes under conventional conditions in terms of reduced
solvent use, shorter reaction times, better turnovers, and reaction yields. Simplification of protocols by
carrying out two or more reaction steps in the same reaction vessel is another advantage of multistep
syntheses.
Viability of Superbrain Yoga Practise in Academic Setting: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Vinu V. , Srikanth Jois N , Prasad K Nagendra , Dsouza Lancy 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Yoga has its roots in India's Vedic era. Practising it enhances the overall
health and well-being of students. Superbrain yoga (SBY) is a brief exercise based on the principle
of ear acupuncture and repetitive 14 squats. It is practised by many students in India and across other
parts of the world.

Objective:
This systematic review assesses SBY on students' cognitive abilities, academic performance,
as well as mental health benefits and discusses if using SBY in academic settings is viable.

Methods:
The intervention studies of SBY or mixed with other exercises practiced by the student
population published in journals and indexed in Web of Science, SCOPUS, and PubMed, are taken
into consideration for this review based on PRISMA guidelines. The primary keywords include Superbrain
Yoga, Thoppukaranam, and Super Brain Yoga. Studies published in English peer-reviewed
journals between 2005 to 2021 were considered.

Results:
Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The review found that SBY practise was feasible
in academic settings, with advantages to students' cognitive state (memory, attention, concentration),
academic performance, and mental health Additionally, SBY and other yogasana were proven
to be beneficial in raising cognitive activity and promoting positive behavioural improvements in
students with special needs.

Conclusion:
More rigorous trials on SBY are needed to substantiate the effectiveness.
A Digital Gaming Intervention to Strengthen the Social Networks of Older Dutch Adults: Mixed Methods Process Evaluation of a Digitally Conducted Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Janssen Jeroen , Châtel Bas , Den Heijer Nora , Tieben Rob , Deen Menno , Corten Rense , Peeters Geeske , Olde Rikkert Marcel 
Published: August 2023

Background
Digital loneliness interventions for older adults are promising, yet conclusive evidence is lacking due to a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and difficulties with recruitment. Process evaluation of performed RCTs is essential to inform future interventions. Still, it is rarely carried out, resulting in an overly optimistic view of the impact of eHealth interventions on loneliness in older adults and options to conduct such research entirely remotely.

Objective
We describe a mixed methods process evaluation of a digitally conducted RCT assessing the effectiveness of a mobile social gaming app to facilitate meaningful social interactions in older adults.

Methods
We analyzed the questionnaire and game data of the RCT participants to evaluate recruitment and onboarding, intervention adherence, and intervention acceptability. The RCT participants were allocated either to the main group of older adults (aged 65 years or older) or the side group (aged between 18 and 64 years). The side group used networking to play with the older adults. We also conducted 6 post-RCT evaluation interviews and 1 focus group with a total of 4 RCT participants and 5 welfare organization representatives that aided in RCT recruitment.

Results
In total, 371 people aged 18 years or older signed up for the RCT, of which 64% (238/371) were aged 65 years or older. Of the total sample, 20% (76/371) installed the app and signed informed consent, showing a large dropout during onboarding. The high number of questions was a relevant barrier for participants. Both questionnaire and gameplay adherence were low. Participants indicated that the games elicited contact and a feeling of togetherness and proposed challenging and competitive games with increasing difficulty levels. They suggested focusing on enjoying the games rather than administering questionnaires.

Conclusions
Conducting a remote digital trial of a social gaming intervention for older adults is a great challenge. Remote recruitment and informed consent acquisition may often not result in sufficient participation. Personal engagement with fellow participants and researchers might be essential for adherence and enjoyment. Future digital gaming interventions should start with small-scale studies with in-person contact, repeated instructions, and fewer questionnaires.