bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancestry-attenuated effects of socioeconomic deprivation on type 2 diabetes disparities in the All of Us cohort
Authors: Lam Vincent , Sharma Shivam , Gupta Sonali , Spouge John L. , Jordan I. King , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a common disease with a major burden on morbidity, mortality, and productivity. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for roughly 90% of all diabetes cases in the United States and has greater observed prevalence among those who identify as Black or Hispanic.
Methods: The aims of this study were to determine whether T2D racial and ethnic disparities can be observed in data from the All of Us Research Program and to measure associations of genetic ancestry (GA) and socioeconomic deprivation with T2D. The All of UsResearcher Workbench was used to calculate T2D prevalence and to model T2D associations with GA, individual-level (iSDI) and zip code-based (zSDI) socioeconomic deprivation indices within and between participant self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE) groups.
Results: The study cohort of 86,488 participants from the four largest SIRE groups in All of Us: Asian (n=2,311), Black (n=16,282), Hispanic (n=16,966), and White (n=50,292). SIRE groups show characteristic genetic ancestry patterns, consistent with their diverse origins, together with a continuum of ancestry fractions within and between groups. The Black and Hispanic groups show the highest median SDI values, followed by the Asian and White groups. Black participants show the highest age- and sex-adjusted T2D prevalence (21.9%), followed by the Hispanic (19.9%), Asian (15.1%), and White (14.8%) groups. Minority SIRE groups and socioeconomic deprivation are positively associated with T2D, when the entire cohort is analyzed together. However, SIRE and GA both show negative interaction effects with SDI on T2D. Higher levels of SDI are negatively associated with T2D in the Black and Hispanic groups, and higher levels of SDI are negatively associated with T2D at high levels of African and Native American ancestry.
Conclusion: Socioeconomic deprivation is positively associated with the SIRE group T2D disparities observed here but negatively associated with T2D within the Black and Hispanic groups that show the highest T2D prevalence. These results are paradoxical and have not been reported elsewhere. We discuss possible explanations for this paradox related to the nature of the All of Us data along with SIRE group differences in access to healthcare, diet, and lifestyle.
Multiobjective Operation Optimization of Reheating Furnace based on Data Analytics
Authors: Ban Yunqi , Wang Xianpeng , Zhao Guodong , Wu Jian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Reheating furnace consumes a large amount of energy in the hot rolling stage of steel production, and has a significant impact on the product quality of hot rolling. To guarantee the stability of product quality, the operation optimization model of the reheating furnace is established. The operation optimization model aims to achieve optimal heating temperature settings for different slab specifications and different element contents, so that slab heating quality, heating temperature setting and slab heating time can be optimized simultaneously. To address this problem, an improved MOEA/D-DQN algorithm is developed according to the defined state and reward, in which the adaptive selection of differential mutation operators based on reinforcement learning is proposed to improve the search ability and robustness of the algorithm. Based on benchmark and practice, the experimental results show that MOEA/D-DQN algorithm can effectively solve the operation optimization problem of heating furnace.
Extracellular vesicles miRNome during subclinical mastitis in dairy cows
Authors: Cuccato Matteo , Divari Sara , Giannuzzi Diana , Moretti Riccardo , Rinaldi Andrea , Leroux Christine , Sacchi Paola , Cannizzo Francesca Tiziana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Bovine mastitis is one of the main inflammatory diseases that can affect the udder during lactation. Somatic cell count and sometimes microbiological tests are routinely adopted during monitoring diagnostics in dairy herds. However, subclinical mastitis is challenging to be identified, reducing the possibilities of early treatments. The main aim of this study was to investigate the miRNome profile of extracellular vesicles isolated in milk as potential biomarkers of subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected from a total of 60 dairy cows during routine monitoring tests. Therefore, a smallRNA-sequencing technology was applied to extracellular vesicles of milk samples collected from cows classified according to the somatic cell count, in order to identify differences in the miRNome between mastitic and healthy cows. A total of 1,997 miRNAs were differentially expressed between groups. Among them, 68 miRNAs were obtained with FDR < 0.05, mostly downregulated and with only one upregulated miRNA (i.e., miR-361). Functional analysis revealed that miR-455-3p, miR-503-3p, miR-1301-3p and miR-361-5p were involved in the regulation of several biological processes related to mastitis, including immune system related processes. This study confirmed a strong involvement of extracellular vesicles-derived miRNAs in the regulation of mastitis. Moreover, it provides evidence that miRNA from milk extracellular vesicles can be used to identify biomarkers of mastitis. However, further studies must be conducted to validate those miRNAs, especially for subclinical diagnosis.
A Multi-Encoder Model for Automatic Code Comment Generation
Authors: qiu jian , li shenglin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Automatic code comment generation is an important research topic in software engineering, which aims to help developers understand the source code. However, this task is challenging due to the issues of long dependencies, source code structure information, and out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. In this paper, we propose HCCM, a novel neural network model that uses three encoders to generate natural language comments for Java methods. The proposed model incorporates three novel techniques: (1) the S-SBT method to encode the abstract syntax tree of the source code; (2) a pointer generation network to copy OOV words from the source code; and (3) a convolutional neural network to capture local features of the source code tokens. We evaluate our model on a state-of-the-art large-scale Java dataset and show that it outperforms the existing methods on several metrics such as BLEU, METEOR, and ROUGE.
Posttransplant cyclophosphamide in HLA-matched and 1-2 allele mismatched peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Teshima Takanori , Sugita Junichi , Kuroha Takashi , Ishikawa Jun , Eto Tetsuya , Fukushima Kentaro , Yokota Isao , Akashi Koichi , Harada Mine , Taniguchi Shuichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis has been increasingly used in HLA-haploidentical transplantation and recent studies also demonstrated the efficacy of PTCy in HLA-matched transplantation. However, data on PTCy in HLA 1–2 allele mismatched transplants are limited. We conducted a prospective multicenter phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PTCy with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in 43 patients who underwent HLA-matched (n = 21) or HLA 1–2 allele mismatched (n = 22) peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) following myeloablative (n = 28) or reduced-intensity (n = 15) conditioning. The incidence of grade III-IV acute GVHD at 100 days was 2.3%. The incidences of grades II-IV acute GVHD, all grade chronic GVHD, and moderate to severe chronic GVHD at 2 years were 16.3%, 14.0%, and 4.7%, respectively. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and non-relapse mortality at 2 years were 75.3%, 74.0%, and 7.0%, respectively. GVHD-free, relapse-free survival at 2 years was 67.0%. The rate of off-immunosuppressants in patients who survived without relapse at 2 years was 85.4%. These results indicate that PTCy is a valid option for GVHD prophylaxis in both HLA-matched and HLA 1–2 allele mismatched PBSCT.
Synergistic Effect of Combating Air Pollutants and Carbon Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta of China: Spatial and Temporal Divergence Analysis and Key Influencing Factors
Authors: Liu Fang , Li Anqi , Bilal Muhammad , Yang Yuwei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Synergizing the reduction of air pollutants and carbon emissions (APCE) has become a critical tactic alternative to address the issue of climate change. Taking the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China as a case study, this paper explores the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of combating APCE from 2011 to 2022, analyzes the dynamic change in CCD using the convergence test, and investigates the key factors affecting CCD via the Tobit regression model. The results show that: (1) from 2011 to 2022, the air pollutants (AP) and CO2 emission (CE) in the YRD region decrease at the annual rate of 10.32% and 0.85%, respectively; (2) the CCD of reducing APCE in the YRD presents a W-shaped fluctuation before 2016 and then steps into a steady increase status after 2016; (3) the order of CCD in four provincial-level units by 2022 is Shanghai>Zhejiang>Jiangsu>Anhui. The proportion of cities where the CCD of reducing APCE enters the high-coordination period has reached 87.8%; (4) the Tobit regression results affirm that economic growth, industrial structure, and green technological innovation exacerbate the CCD of combating APCE, while opening-up level mitigates it. Therefore, it is recommended that the YRD region prioritize facilitating green technology innovation in economic development and increase the competitive advantage amid international trade.
Digital CBTI Hubs as a Treatment Augmentation Strategy in Military Clinics: Study Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Germain Anne , Wolfson Megan , Brock Matthew , O'Reilly Brian , Hearn Hunter , Knowles Shelley , Mysliwiec Vincent , Wallace Meredith L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
• Background
Chronic insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder among military service members, and it compromises readiness, performance, and physical and mental health. Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia (CBTI) is the standard of care for the treatment of insomnia recommended by the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, and the American College of Physicians. CBTI is highly effective but has limited scalability. It is often unavailable in clinical settings where service members receive sleep care. Digital technologies offer unique opportunities to scale and broaden the geographic reach of CBTI services and support increased patient access and engagement in behavioral sleep care. This study aims to evaluate the impact and acceptability of digital CBTI hubs to augment military treatment facilities’ capabilities in behavioral sleep medicine.
• Methods
This is a multi-site, non-inferiority randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effects of in-person (face-to-face or virtual) insomnia care as usual at three military sleep clinics versus CBTI delivered remotely and asynchronously through digital CBTI hubs. Digital CBTI hubs are led by licensed, certified clinicians who use NOCTEM’s® evidence-based clinical decision support platform COAST™ (Clinician Operated Assistive Sleep Technology). Changes in insomnia severity and daytime symptoms of depression and anxiety will be compared at baseline, at 6–8 weeks, and at 3-month follow-up. Patient satisfaction with insomnia care as usual versus digital CBTI hubs will also be examined. We hypothesize that digital CBTI hubs will be non-inferior to insomnia care as usual for improvements in insomnia and daytime symptoms as well as patient satisfaction with insomnia care.
• Discussion
Digital technology has a high potential to scale CBTI accessibility and delivery options required to meet the insomnia care needs of military service members. Digital CBTI hubs using COAST offers a novel approach to broaden service members' access to CBTI and to serve as an augmentation strategy for existing sleep services at military treatment facilities. The pragmatic approach leveraging technology in this trial has the potential to rapidly inform clinical practice within the Defense Health Agency as well as other healthcare systems.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05490550. Registered on 14 July 2023, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05490550?term=NCT05490550&rank=1
Deciphering climate resilience in Indian cattle breeds by selection signature analyses
Authors: Nayak Sonali Sonejita , Panigrahi Manjit , Rajawat Divya , Ghildiyal Kanika , Sharma Anurodh , Jain Karan , Bhushan Bharat , Dutt Triveni 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The signature of selection is a crucial concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the pattern of genetic variation that arises in a population as a result of natural selection. In the context of climate adaptation, the signature of selection can reveal the genetic basis of adaptive traits that enable organisms to survive and thrive in changing environmental conditions. Breeds cultivated in diverse agroecological zones exhibit genetic "footprints" within their genomes that mirror the influence of climate-induced selective pressures, subsequently impacting phenotypic variance. We examined genotypic data from eight different cattle groups (Gir, Hariana, Kankrej, Nelore, Ongole, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, and Tharparkar) that are adapted to diverse regional climates in India. It is assumed that the genomes of animals residing in these regions have been altered through selection for various climatic adaptations. In this study, we utilized bovine 50k chip data and four genome scan techniques to assess the genetic regions of positive selection for high temperature adaptation in eight distinct cattle populations. We have also investigated the population stratification i.e. PCA, genome-wide investigation of genetic diversity, inbreeding, effective population size in our target dataset. To identify selection signature regions in this work, we used four intra-population statistics: Tajima's D, CLR, iHS, and ROH. We identified potential regions for selection that is likely to be caused by climate. We have identified many adaption genes as several potential selection signature areas. These include genes like HSPB2, HSPB3, HSP20, HSP90AB1, HSF4, HSPA1B, CLPB, GAP43, MITF, and MCHR1 that have been previously identified in the cattle population that lives in high- and low-temperature regions.
Cognitive impairment and domain-specific life satisfaction among older adults: findings from the Korean National Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Song Inmyung , Kim Dong-Sook 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Little is known regarding the relationship between cognitive impairment and domain-specific life satisfaction. This study examined the association between cognitive impairment and satisfaction with several domains of life in older Koreans.
Methods
This study used data from the Korean National Longitudinal Study on Aging from 2014 to 2020. Cognitive function was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Four different models are used to assess the effect of cognitive impairment on life satisfaction. The dependent variable in each model was overall life satisfaction, satisfaction with health status, economic status, and marital relationship, respectively. Generalized estimating equation modelling approach was used to take advantage of panel data.
Results
In the weighted sample, 54.1% of the participants were female. The mean (± SE) age of all participants was 68.9 (± 0.1) years old. A total of 1,671 participants (24.8%) had cognitive impairment. After controlling for other variables, individuals without cognitive impairment were more satisfied with overall life (B = 2.85, p < 0.001), health status (B = 4.79, p < 0.001), economic status (B = 3.31, p < 0.001), and marital relationship (B = 3.63, p < 0.001) than impaired individuals.
Conclusion
Cognitive impairment in old age is significantly associated with overall life satisfaction as well as satisfaction with several domains, such as health status, income status, and marital relationship. The impact of cognitive function is greater for domain-specific satisfaction than for overall life satisfaction.
SHMT2 promotes thyroid cancer metastasis through epigenetic activation of AKT signaling
Authors: Yue Xuetian , Sun Min , Zhao Mingjian , Li Ruowen , Zhang Yankun , Shi Xiaojia , Ding Changyuan , Ma Chunhong , Lu Jinghui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cancer cells alter their metabolism and epigenetics to support cancer progression. However, the key modulator connecting metabolism and epigenetics is still limited. Here, we reveal that SHMT2 generates SAM to epigenetically repress PTEN, leading to thyroid cancer metastasis depending on activation of AKT signaling. SHMT2 is elevated in thyroid cancer, which cooperates with poor prognosis. Overexpressed SHMT2 promotes thyroid cancer metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic enrichment analysis shows that AKT signaling is activated in thyroid cancer, which is positively associated with SHMT2 in specimens from patients. Blocking AKT activation eliminates effects of SHMT2 on promoting thyroid cancer metastasis. Furthermore, SHMT2 is negatively associated with AKT negative regulator PTEN in THCA specimens. Mechanistically, SHMT2 catalyzes serine metabolism and produces activated one-carbon units that can be used to generate SAM for methylation of CpG islands in PTEN promoter for PTEN suppression and following AKT activation. Importantly, interfering PTEN expression affects SHMT2 functions on promoting AKT signaling activation and thyroid cancer metastasis. Collectively, our research demonstrates that SHMT2 connects metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics, which contributes to poor progression of thyroid cancer.
Multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using zero-profile anchored cages: a minimum 5-year follow-up study
Authors: He Haoyu , Lü Guohua , Li Yunchao , Yuan Hui , Pan Changyu , Wang Xiaoxiao , Chen Zejun , Kuang Lei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BackgroundTo evaluate the mid-term results of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using zero-profile anchored cages for the treatment of multilevel degenerative cervical spondylosis.MethodsThirty-four patients aged 54.1±6.0 years (range, 41–64 years) who underwent 3- or 4-level ACDF with zero-profile anchored cages for degenerative cervical spondylosis in a single institute between 2014 and 2016 were included. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) preoperatively and postoperatively at the 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-ups. Radiological outcomes including fusion rate, disc height (DH), subsidence, fused segment angle (FSA), and cervical lordosis (CL) were also assessed at the same intervals.ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 68 months. All patients had significant recovery of neurological function. Compared with the preoperative scores, the postoperative VAS, JOA, and NDI scores were improved at each time point (p<0.05). The FSA and CL were improved at each follow-up time point after the operation(p<0.05). All surgical segments were fused and there was 32 cage subsidence (30.2%) observed at the 5-year follow-up. The differences in VAS, JOA scores, NDI, fused segment angle, and cervical lordosis between the 5-year and the 2-year follow-up were not statistically significant(p>0.05). The loss of lordosis was not related to symptoms.ConclusionsACDF using zero-profile anchored cages for multilevel cervical spondylopathy achieved satisfactory mid-term outcomes. Cage subsidence and loss of cervical lordosis mainly occurred duringthe first two years but remained stable afterward and were not related to symptoms.
Lived experiences of genetic diagnosis for rare disease patients: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Modelhart Antonia , Sturz Dominique , Kremslehner Lydia , Prainsack Barbara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Genetic diagnosis is often understood as a single event within the care pathway of rare disease patients. Legal, policy and ethical scholarship focusing on rare diseases and genetic information discusses questions of how to best deal with the process of genetic diagnosis and the communication of genetic information within a given health system. We co-created a research design with rare disease patients and their families in Austria to explore in-depth the experiences of genetic diagnosis for people affected by rare diseases. Our objective was to trace the whole pathway of genetic testing and understand how rare disease patients experience genetic diagnosis as part of their care pathway in the healthcare system.
Results
Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews with 14 patients with a suspected or diagnosed rare disease or their parents focusing on their perception of the pathway of genetic diagnosis in Austria. This pathway included the initial triggering of genetic diagnosis, the process of testing and its immediate (communication of results, counselling) and long-term, wider aftermath. Patients missed a clear link to already established forms of care such as their primary care/treating physicians. They also advocate for an integrated and interdisciplinary care pathway.
Conclusions
Our study underscores the importance of a continuous care and communication pathway spanning from the initial genetic diagnosis process to post-test phases. It further shows the importance of exploring patients’ perspectives through qualitative research methods to understand the intricate workings of public health policies and tools. Notably, integrating genetic diagnosis into a broader care trajectory is crucial for a holistic approach to care for rare disease patients who often rely on regular interactions with the healthcare system. Achieving this holistic approach requires collaboration between experts in specific rare disease areas, primary care physicians, and support networks.
Living with cognitive impairment: The impact of being diagnosed with dementia. A qualitative study.
Authors: Molvik Inger , Kjelvik Grete , Selbaek Geir , Rokstad Anne Marie Mork 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Although knowledge about the experience of being diagnosed with dementia is limited, with the expected rise in dementia’s prevalence in the coming decades, such knowledge is pivotal for the people diagnosed, their families, and healthcare planners. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore the experience of living with cognitive impairment and dementia and the impact of being diagnosed with dementia.
Method
A qualitative design based on a phenomenological hermeneutic approach was applied. Participants were recruited based on age-adjusted values below ​​threshold values on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (i.e. 70–79 years, < 22; 80–89 years, < 21; 90 + years, < 20), and the sample ultimately included 15 participants: six with and nine without a documented dementia diagnosis. Qualitative content analysis was performed on the transcribed interviews in four steps to identify codes, categories, and the overall theme.
Results
Three major categories emerged from the interviews: (1) experiences with changes, (2) experiences with being diagnosed with dementia, and (3) existential experience. All participants with and most participants without a dementia diagnosis experienced changes in cognition.
Conclusion
Our findings imply that being diagnosed with dementia is a relief because it explains observed cognitive and functional decreases and reduces confusion, shame and stigma. However, it also raises concerns about an unknown future. Most participants not diagnosed with dementia reported having little or no difficulty with everyday living and leading a fulfilling life. Those findings emphasise the significance of timely versus early diagnosis.