bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightweight aerial image object detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s
Authors: Deng Lixia , Bi Lingyun , Li Hongquan , Chen Haonan , Duan Xuehu , Lou Haitong , Zhang Hongyu , Bi Jingxue , Liu Haiying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractYOLOv5 is one of the most popular object detection algorithms, which is divided into multiple series according to the control of network depth and width. To realize the deployment of mobile devices or embedded devices, the paper proposes a lightweight aerial image object detection algorithm (LAI-YOLOv5s) based on the improvement of YOLOv5s with a relatively small amount of calculation and parameter and relatively fast reasoning speed. Firstly, to better detect small objects, the paper replaces the minimum detection head with the maximum detection head and proposes a new feature fusion method, DFM-CPFN(Deep Feature Map Cross Path Fusion Network), to enrich the semantic information of deep features. Secondly, the paper designs a new module based on VoVNet to improve the feature extraction ability of the backbone network. Finally, based on the idea of ShuffleNetV2, the paper makes the network more lightweight without affecting detection accuracy. Based on the VisDrone2019 dataset, the detection accuracy of LAI-YOLOv5s on the mAP@0.5 index is 8.3% higher than that of the original algorithm. Compared with other series of YOLOv5 and YOLOv3 algorithms, LAI-YOLOv5s has the advantages of low computational cost and high detection accuracy.
Prediction of fatty acid composition in intact and minced fat of European autochthonous pigs breeds by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Parrini Silvia , Sirtori Francesco , Čandek-Potokar Marjeta , Charneca Rui , Crovetti Alessandro , Kušec Ivona Djurkin , Sanchez Elena González , Cebrian Mercedes Maria Izquierdo , Garcia Ana Haro , Karolyi Danijel , Lebret Benedicte , Ortiz Alberto , Panella-Riera Nuria , Petig Matthias , Jesus da Costa Pires Preciosa , Tejerina David , Razmaite Violeta , Aquilani Chiara , Bozzi Riccardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe fatty acids profile has been playing a decisive role in recent years, thanks to technological, sensory and health demands from producers and consumers. The application of NIRS technique on fat tissues, could lead to more efficient, practical, and economical in the quality control. The study aim was to assess the accuracy of Fourier Transformed Near Infrared Spectroscopy technique to determine fatty acids composition in fat of 12 European local pig breeds. A total of 439 spectra of backfat were collected both in intact and minced tissue and then were analyzed using gas chromatographic analysis. Predictive equations were developed using the 80% of samples for the calibration, followed by full cross validation, and the remaining 20% for the external validation test. NIRS analysis of minced samples allowed a better response for fatty acid families, n6 PUFA, it is promising both for n3 PUFA quantification and for the screening (high, low value) of the major fatty acids. Intact fat prediction, although with a lower predictive ability, seems suitable for PUFA and n6 PUFA while for other families allows only a discrimination between high and low values.
Associations of alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase with insulin resistance and β-cell function in women
Authors: Minato-Inokawa Satomi , Tsuboi-Kaji Ayaka , Honda Mari , Takeuchi Mika , Kitaoka Kaori , Kurata Miki , Wu Bin , Kazumi Tsutomu , Fukuo Keisuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe tested whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, associates with insulin resistance, β-cell function and postglucose glycemia. We studied 311 young and 148 middle-aged Japanese women, whose BMI averaged < 23.0 kg/m2. Insulinogenic index and Matsuda index were evaluated in 110 young and 65 middle-aged women. In two groups of women, ALT/AST was associated positively with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and inversely with Matsuda index. In middle-aged women only, the ratio was also associated positively with fasting and postload glycemia and HbA1c. The ratio showed negative association with disposition index (a product of insulinogenic index and Matsuda index). On multivariate linear regression analysis, HOMA-IR emerged as a single determinant of ALT/AST in young and middle-aged women (standardized β: 0.209, p = 0.003 and 0.372, p = 0.002, respectively). ALT/AST was associated with insulin resistance and β-cell function even in non-obese Japanese women, suggesting a pathophysiologic basis in its prediction of diabetic risk.
Boosted electrochemical performance of magnetic caterpillar-like Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanospinels as a novel pseudocapacitive electrode material
Authors: Shirzad Choubari Matin , Rahmani Soghra , Mazloom Jamal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNi-incorporated MgFe2O4 (Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4) porous nanofibers were synthesized using the sol–gel electrospinning method. The optical bandgap, magnetic parameters, and electrochemical capacitive behaviors of the prepared sample were compared with pristine electrospun MgFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 based on structural and morphological properties. XRD analysis affirmed the cubic spinel structure of samples and their crystallite size is evaluated to be less than 25 nm using the Williamson–Hall equation. FESEM images demonstrated interesting nanobelts, nanotubes, and caterpillar-like fibers for electrospun MgFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4, respectively. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed that Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 porous nanofibers possess the band gap (1.85 eV) between the calculated value for MgFe2O4 nanobelts and NiFe2O4 nanotubes due to alloying effects. The VSM analysis revealed that the saturation magnetization and coercivity of MgFe2O4 nanobelts were enhanced by Ni2+ incorporation. The electrochemical properties of samples coated on nickel foam (NF) were tested by CV, GCD, and EIS analysis in a 3 M KOH electrolyte. The Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4@Ni electrode disclosed the highest specific capacitance of 647 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 owing to the synergistic effects of multiple valence states, exceptional porous morphology, and lowest charge transfer resistance. The Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 porous fibers showed superior capacitance retention of 91% after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1 and notable Coulombic efficiency of 97%. Moreover, the Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4//Activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor divulged a good energy density of 83 W h Kg−1 at a power density of 700 W Kg−1.
Accurate prognosis for localized prostate cancer through coherent voting networks with multi-omic and clinical data
Authors: Pellegrini Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLocalized prostate cancer is a very heterogeneous disease, from both a clinical and a biological/biochemical point of view, which makes the task of producing stratifications of patients into risk classes remarkably challenging. In particular, it is important an early detection and discrimination of the indolent forms of the disease, from the aggressive ones, requiring post-surgery closer surveillance and timely treatment decisions. This work extends a recently developed supervised machine learning (ML) technique, called coherent voting networks (CVN) by incorporating a novel model-selection technique to counter the danger of model overfitting. For the challenging problem of discriminating between indolent and aggressive types of localized prostate cancer, accurate prognostic prediction of post-surgery progression-free survival with a granularity within a year is attained, improving accuracy with respect to the current state of the art. The development of novel ML techniques tailored to the problem of combining multi-omics and clinical prognostic biomarkers is a promising new line of attack for sharpening the capability to diversify and personalize cancer patient treatments. The proposed approach allows a finer post-surgery stratification of patients within the clinical high-risk category, with a potential impact on the surveillance regime and the timing of treatment decisions, complementing existing prognostic methods.
Unimproved water and sanitation contributes to childhood diarrhoea during the war in Tigray, Ethiopia: a community based assessment
Authors: Asgedom Akeza Awealom , Abirha Birhanu Tewoldemedhin , Tesfay Askual Girmay , Gebreyowhannes Kelali Kaleaye , Abraha Hayelom Birhanu , Hailu Gessessew Bugssa , Abrha Mesele Bahre , Tsadik Mache , Gebrehiwet Tesfay Gebregziabher , Gebreyesus Aregawi , Desalew Tilahun , Alemayehu Yibrah , Mulugeta Afework 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccess to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is a global public health problem. The situation is worst in conflict areas, where people are displaced from their usual homes. Household supply of WASH and the incidence of diarrhoeal disease among children during the war in Tigray are not known or documented. The objective of this study was to investigate the sources of drinking water, sanitation and hygiene practices, and the incidence of diarrhoeal diseases among children during the war in Tigray, Ethiopia. A cross—sectional study was conducted to collect data on selected WASH indicators in six zones of Tigray from August 4-20, 2021. Data were collected from a total of 4381 sample households selected by lottery. Descriptive analysis was performed and the analysed data are presented in tables, figures and explanatory notes. Binary logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. A total of 4381 households from 52 woredas participated in the study. Approximately 67.7% of the study participants reported that they relied on an improved source of drinking water during the war. Coverage of sanitation, hand washing, and menstrual hygiene during the war was reported as 43.9%, 14.5%, and 22.1%, respectively. The prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases among children was 25.5% during the war. Water source, latrine type, solid waste disposal and health extension worker visits were the significant predictors of the likelihood of diarrhoea in children (p < 0.05). The results of the study show that a decrease in services from WASH is associated with a higher prevalence of diarrhoeal disease among children during the war in Tigray. To prevent the high prevalence of diarrhoeal disease among children in war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia, improved access to water and sanitation is recommended. In addition, collaborative efforts are needed to engage health extension workers to provide appropriate promotion and prevention services to war-affected communities in Tigray, Ethiopia. Further comprehensive surveys of households with children over one year of age are recommended to assess access to WASH and the burden of WASH associated diseases.
Psychosocial and environmental factors related to physical activity in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Lee Yi-Husan , Fan Sheng-Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe social ecological model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the multiple-level determinants of physical activity. This study explores the significant individual, social, and environmental variables and their interactions in relation to physical activity in middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Healthy middle-aged and older adults were recruited (n = 697) through face-to-face and online surveys. The data collected comprised self-efficacy, social support, neighbourhood environment, and demographic characteristics. Hierarchical regression was used for statistical analysis. Self-rated health (B = 74.74, p < .001; B = 101.45, p = .022) and self-efficacy (B = 17.93, p < .001; B = 14.95, p = .020) were the significant individual variables in both middle-aged and older adults. Neighbourhood environment (B = 6.90, p = .015) and the interaction between self-efficacy and neighbourhood environment (B = 1.56, p = .009) were significant in middle-aged adults. Self-efficacy was the most significant predictor for all participants, with the positive correlations of neighbourhood environment arising only for middle-aged adults with high self-efficacy. Policy making or project design should consider multilevel factors in order to facilitate their physical activity.
Reproduction of human blood pressure waveform using physiology-based cardiovascular simulator
Authors: Jeong Jae-Hak , Lee Bomi , Hong Junki , Yang Tae-Heon , Park Yong-Hwa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study presents a cardiovascular simulator that mimics the human cardiovascular system's physiological structure and properties to reproduce the human blood pressure waveform. Systolic, diastolic blood pressures, and its waveform are key indicators of cardiovascular health. The blood pressure waveform is closely related to the pulse wave velocity and the overlap of the forward and reflected pressure waves. The presented cardiovascular simulator includes an artificial aorta made of biomimetic silicone. The artificial aorta has the same shape and stiffness as the human standard and is encased with a compliance chamber. The compliance chamber prevents distortion of the blood pressure waveform from strain-softening by applying extravascular pressure. The blood pressure waveform reproduced by the simulator has a pressure range of 80–120 mmHg, a pulse wave velocity of 6.58 m/s, and an augmentation index of 13.3%. These values are in the middle of the human standard range, and the reproduced blood pressure waveform is similar to that of humans. The errors from the human standard values are less than 1 mmHg for blood pressure, 0.05 m/s for pulse wave velocity, and 3% for augmentation index. The changes in blood pressure waveform according to cardiovascular parameters, including heart rate, stroke volume, and peripheral resistance, were evaluated. The same pressure ranges and trends as in humans were observed for systolic and diastolic blood pressures according to cardiovascular parameters.
PARP2 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) affecting NRF2 subcellular localization
Authors: Jankó Laura , Tóth Emese , Laczik Miklós , Rauch Boglárka , Janka Eszter , Bálint Bálint L. , Bai Péter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPARP2 is a member of the PARP enzyme family. Although, PARP2 plays role in DNA repair, it has regulatory roles in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, it has pivotal role in bringing about the adverse effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors. Previously, we showed that the ablation of PARP2 induces oxidative stress and, consequently, mitochondrial fragmentation. In attempt to identify the source of the reactive species we assessed the possible role of a central regulator of cellular antioxidant defense, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). The silencing of PARP2 did not alter either the mRNA or the protein expression of NRF2, but changed its subcellular localization, decreasing the proportion of nuclear, active fraction of NRF2. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP2 partially restored the normal localization pattern of NRF2 and in line with that, we showed that NRF2 is PARylated that is absent in the cells in which PARP2 was silenced. Apparently, the PARylation of NRF2 by PARP2 has pivotal role in regulating the subcellular (nuclear) localization of NRF2. The silencing of PARP2 rearranged the expression of genes encoding proteins with antioxidant function, among these a subset of NRF2-dependent genes.
Validity and reliability of the Korean caregiver contribution to self-care chronic illness inventory
Authors: Lee Juhee , Kim Eunyoung , Chung Misook , Yeom Insun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe contribution of caregivers to self-care for chronically ill patients is important for improving patient outcomes. The Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care Chronic Illness Inventory (CC-SC-CII) has been used to assess caregivers’ contributions to three distinct aspects of self-care (maintenance, monitoring, and management) globally. This study aimed to examine the psychometrics of the Korean version of the CC-SC-CII with 230 family caregivers (mean age = 49.8 years, 70% women) of patients with chronic illness. We demonstrated that the CC-SC-CII-Korean has good reliability with acceptable internal consistency and construct validity for all three factors using confirmatory factor analysis. The CC-SC-CII-Korean is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the contributions of Korean caregivers to the self-care of patients with chronic illnesses.
Synergy of climate change with country success and city quality of life
Authors: Kaklauskas Arturas , Abraham Ajith , Kaklauskiene Loreta , Ubarte Ieva , Amaratunga Dilanthi , Lill Irene , Milevicius Virginijus , Kaklauskaite Ulijona 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost people around the world have felt the effects of climate change on their quality of life. This study sought to achieve the maximum efficiency for climate change actions with the minimum negative impact on the well-being of countries and cities. The Climate Change and Country Success (C3S) and Climate Change and Cities’ Quality of Life (C3QL) models and maps of the world created as part of this research showed that as economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental metrics of countries and cities improve, so do their climate change indicators. For the 14 climate change indicators, the C3S and C3QL models indicated 68.8% average dispersion dimensions in the case of countries and 52.8% in the case of cities. Our research showed that increases in the success of 169 countries saw improvements in 9 climate change indicators out of the 12 considered. Improvements in country success indicators were accompanied by a 71% improvement in climate change metrics.
Metagenomic sequencing of human cardiac tissue reveals Microbial RNA which correlates with Toll-like receptor-associated inflammation in patients with heart disease
Authors: Sandstedt Joakim , Vukusic Kristina , Dellgren Göran , Jeppsson Anders , Mattsson Hultén Lillemor , Rotter Sopasakis Victoria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is strongly associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, involving activated Toll-like receptors and their downstream cellular machinery. Moreover, CVD and other related inflammatory conditions are associated with infiltration of bacteria and viruses originating from distant body sites. Thus, in this study we aimed to map the presence of microbes in the myocardium of patients with heart disease that we previously found to display upregulated Toll-like receptor signaling. We performed metagenomics analysis of atrial cardiac tissue from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or aortic valve replacement (AVR) and compared with atrial cardiac tissue from organ donors. A total of 119 species of bacteria and seven species of virus were detected in the cardiac tissue. RNA expression of five bacterial species were increased in the patient group of which L. kefiranofaciens correlated positively with cardiac Toll-like receptor-associated inflammation. Interaction network analysis revealed four main gene set clusters involving cell growth and proliferation, Notch signaling, G protein signaling and cell communication in association with L.kefiranofaciens RNA expression. Taken together, intracardial expression of L. kefiranofaciens RNA correlates with pro-inflammatory markers in the diseased cardiac atrium and may have an effect on specific signaling processes important for cell growth, proliferation and cell communication.
Facile access to 2-hydroxy-2-substituted indole-3-ones via a copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 2-arylethynylanilines
Authors: Sun Weiqiang , Cui Xueli , Qu Jing , Cai Xiaojia , Hu Jinhui , Xiong Zhuang , Guo Suqin , Xu Jun , Chen Wen-Hua , Wu Jia-Qiang 
Published: May 2023

A versatile approach towards 2-hydroxy-2-substituted indol-3-ones via a copper-catalyzed radical cyclization of 2-arylethynylanilines in the presence of O2 has been developed. The products can be transformed to 3-hydroxy-3-substituted indol-2-ones.
Finite‐time cluster synchronization of heterogeneous complex dynamical networks with discontinuous interactions
Authors: Han Yujuan , Yan Lin , Liu Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, finite‐time cluster synchronization (FTCS) in networks of nonidentical coupled dynamical systems is addressed by introducing a discontinuous interaction rule. This interaction rule overcomes the effect of heterogeneous dynamics among nodes. It is proven that with proper coupling gain, the dynamics of the coupled system converges into the kernal space of the graph Laplacian matrix in finite time. Then sufficient conditions for FTCS are provided. In addition, the discontinuous interactions rule is applied to investigate finite‐time intra‐layer synchronization in multiplex networks.
MMRDF: An improved multitask multi‐modal rumor detection framework
Authors: Jiang Fangting , Liang Gang , Yang Jin , Chen Liangyin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs images are attractive and contained in plenty of posts, some studies show that combining multimodal information helps to represent posts effectively, while these approaches (1) simply concatenated unimodal features without considering inter‐modality relations, which failed to improve the prediction performance and generalization ability; (2) lacked careful consideration of the social network data composition structure, assuming that social network data was composed of image‐text pairs, cannot process the data composed of multi‐images, and cannot operate when one of the modalities is missing. To address these issues, a novel framework named multitask multimodal rumor detection framework (MMRDF) is proposed, comprising three sub‐networks, which is available to generate joint multimodal representation through merging different levels of features in multi‐modalities and can deal with all types of tweets (pure text, pure image, image‐text pair and text with multi‐images) flexibly. Since the framework does not take the data that causes extra time delay as inputs, such as propagation structures and response content, it can be applied as soon as the tweets are posted up and decrease the time delays of rumor debunking. Experiments on two real‐world datasets demonstrate the framework significantly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art by the accuracy of 6.5% and 7.6%.
An open‐source tool for evaluating calibration techniques used in low‐cost air pollutant monitors
Authors: Tatsch Daniel Trevisan , Ramirez Alejandro Rafael Garcia , Campo Fernando , Hoinaski Leonardo , González‐Dalmau Evelio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow‐cost air pollutant sensors suffer several interferences due to the variation of climatic elements. Recent studies look for calibration solutions based on different regression and classification machine learning algorithms. The present work brings together the implementation and extraction of performance metrics from these algorithms in a single open‐source tool. Both the input data and parameters for each algorithm are automatically configured. This feature makes the tool compatible with any input dataset and removes the need to interact with complex codes.