bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact and quiescent circumgalactic medium and Ly α haloes around extremely red quasars
Authors: Gillette Jarred , Lau Marie Wingyee , Hamann Fred , Perrotta Serena , Rupke David S N , Wylezalek Dominika , Zakamska Nadia L , Vayner Andrey 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Red quasars may represent a young stage of galaxy evolution that provide important feedback to their host galaxies. We are studying a population of extremely red quasars (ERQs) with exceptionally fast and powerful outflows, at median redshift z = 2.6. We present Keck/Keck Cosmic Web Imager integral field spectra of 11 ERQs, which have median colour i–W3 = 5.9 mag, median 〈 Lbol 〉 ≈ 5 × 1047 erg s−1, Ly α halo luminosity 〈 Lhalo 〉 = 5 × 1043 erg s−1, and maximum linear size &gt;128 kpc. The ERQ haloes are generally similar to blue quasar haloes, following known trends with Lbol in halo properties. ERQs have halo symmetries similar to Type-I blue quasars, suggesting Type-I spatial orientations. ERQ 〈 Lhalo 〉 is ∼2-dex below blue quasars, which is marginal due to scatter, but consistent with obscuration lowering photon escape fractions. ERQ haloes tend to have more compact and circularly symmetric inner regions than blue quasars, with median exponential scale lengths ∼9 kpc, compared with ∼16 kpc for blue quasars. When we include the central regions not available in blue quasar studies (due to point spread function problems), the true median ERQ halo scale length is just ∼6 kpc. ERQ haloes are kinematically quiet, with median velocity dispersion 293 km s−1, consistent with expected virial speeds. Overall, we find no evidence for feedback on circumgalactic scales, and the current episode of quasar activity (perhaps due to long outflow travel times) has not been around long enough to affect the circumgalactic medium. We confirm the narrow Ly α-emission spikes found in ERQ aperture spectra are halo features, and are useful for systemic redshifts and measuring outflow speeds in other features.
Bridging the gap in the mass–size relation of compact galaxies with MaNGA
Authors: Grèbol-Tomàs P , Ferré-Mateu A , Domínguez-Sánchez H 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the analysis of the full Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) DR17 sample to characterize its population of compact galaxies. We focus on galaxies that fill the stellar mass (M⋆) gap between compact elliptical galaxies (cEs; 8 ≲ log (M⋆/M⊙) ≲ 10) and compact massive galaxies (CMGs; 10 ≲ log (M⋆/M⊙)). We study their stellar populations and kinematics to reveal how their properties depend on stellar mass. We select compact galaxies in the MaNGA DR17 sample according to their effective radius (Re) and stellar mass. 37 galaxies fulfill our selection criteria in the bridging region between cEs and CMGs. We derive their kinematics and stellar population parameters from the stacked spectra at 1 Re using a full spectral fitting routine. We then classify the selected compact galaxies in three main groups based on their stellar population properties. One of the groups shows characteristics compatible with relic galaxies, i.e. galaxies that have remained mostly unchanged since their early formation epoch (z ∼ 2). Another group shows more extended and continuous star formation histories (SFHs). The third group shows a low star-forming rate at initial times, which increases at around ∼4 Gyr. We compare the derived properties of the selected galaxies with those of previously studied compact galaxies at different mass ranges. The selected galaxies successfully fill the mass gap between cEs and CMGs. Their properties are compatible with the assumption that the scaling relations of compact galaxies at different mass ranges are related, although galaxies in the first group are clear outliers in the fundamental plane, suggesting different formation mechanisms for this relic population.
Watching ion-driven kinetics of ribozyme folding and misfolding caused by energetic and topological frustration one molecule at a time
Authors: Hori Naoto , Thirumalai D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Folding of ribozymes into well-defined tertiary structures usually requires divalent cations. How Mg2+ ions direct the folding kinetics has been a long-standing unsolved problem because experiments cannot detect the positions and dynamics of ions. To address this problem, we used molecular simulations to dissect the folding kinetics of the Azoarcus ribozyme by monitoring the path each molecule takes to reach the folded state. We quantitatively establish that Mg2+ binding to specific sites, coupled with counter-ion release of monovalent cations, stimulate the formation of secondary and tertiary structures, leading to diverse pathways that include direct rapid folding and trapping in misfolded structures. In some molecules, key tertiary structural elements form when Mg2+ ions bind to specific RNA sites at the earliest stages of the folding, leading to specific collapse and rapid folding. In others, the formation of non-native base pairs, whose rearrangement is needed to reach the folded state, is the rate-limiting step. Escape from energetic traps, driven by thermal fluctuations, occurs readily. In contrast, the transition to the native state from long-lived topologically trapped native-like metastable states is extremely slow. Specific collapse and formation of energetically or topologically frustrated states occur early in the assembly process.
cfOmics: a cell-free multi-Omics database for diseases
Authors: Li Mingyang , Zhou Tianxiu , Han Mingfei , Wang Hongke , Bao Pengfei , Tao Yuhuan , Chen Xiaoqing , Wu Guansheng , Liu Tianyou , Wang Xiaojuan , Lu Qian , Zhu Yunping , Lu Zhi John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for detecting, monitoring diseases, and predicting their recurrence. However, the effective utilization of liquid biopsy data to identify reliable biomarkers for various cancers and other diseases requires further exploration. Here, we present cfOmics, a web-accessible database (https://cfomics.ncRNAlab.org/) that integrates comprehensive multi-omics liquid biopsy data, including cfDNA, cfRNA based on next-generation sequencing, and proteome, metabolome based on mass-spectrometry data. As the first multi-omics database in the field, cfOmics encompasses a total of 17 distinct data types and 13 specimen variations across 69 disease conditions, with a collection of 11345 samples. Moreover, cfOmics includes reported potential biomarkers for reference. To facilitate effective analysis and visualization of multi-omics data, cfOmics offers powerful functionalities to its users. These functionalities include browsing, profile visualization, the Integrative Genomic Viewer, and correlation analysis, all centered around genes, microbes, or end-motifs. The primary objective of cfOmics is to assist researchers in the field of liquid biopsy by providing comprehensive multi-omics data. This enables them to explore cell-free data and extract profound insights that can significantly impact disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and management.
Childhood, adolescent, and adult primary brain and central nervous system tumor statistics for practicing healthcare providers in neuro-oncology, CBTRUS 2015–2019
Authors: Price Mackenzie , Ryan Katherine , Shoaf Madison L , Neff Corey , Iorgulescu J Bryan , Landi Daniel B , Cioffi Gino , Waite Kristin A , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Ostrom Quinn T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Cancer Institute (NCI), is the largest aggregation of histopathology-specific population-based data for primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) in the US. CBTRUS publishes an annual statistical report which provides critical reference data for the broad neuro-oncology community. Here, we summarize the key findings from the 2022 CBTRUS annual statistical report for healthcare providers.

Methods
Incidence data were obtained from the CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for 52 central cancer registries (CCRs). Survival data were obtained from 42 NPCR CCRs. All rates are per 100 000 and age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population. Overall median survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier models. Survival data for selected molecularly defined histopathologies are from the National Cancer Database. Mortality data are from the National Vital Statistics System.

Results
The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 24.25/100 000. Incidence was higher in females and non-Hispanics. The most commonly occurring malignant and predominately non-malignant tumors was glioblastoma (14% of all primary brain tumors) and meningioma (39% of all primary brain tumors), respectively. Mortality rates and overall median survival varied by age, sex, and histopathology.

Conclusions
This summary describes the most up-to-date population-based incidence, mortality, and survival, of primary brain and other CNS tumors in the US and aims to serve as a concise resource for neuro-oncology providers.
Torsade de pointes during an oral surgery caused by a combination of herbal medicine-induced pseudoaldosteronism and trigeminocardiac reflex
Authors: Kawatani Yohei , Hoshi Kentaro , Yamada Hitoshi , Hori Takaki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLicorice can cause pseudoaldosteronism and QT prolongation as its side effect. Trigeminal nerve stimulation, including surgical intervention involving the face, can cause transient bradycardia, known as the trigeminocardiac reflex. Although rare, a combination of these two etiologies can cause ventricular tachycardia. A 50-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension and intake of an herbal drug containing licorice underwent impacted wisdom tooth extraction under general anesthesia. Immediately after placing a month-long prop for visualization in the oral cavity, sinus bradycardia occurred, followed by ventricular tachycardia and torsade de pointes. Mouth prop was removed and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated, and the arrhythmia was resolved. Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and normal aldosterone levels were observed. An inverted T wave and a prominent U-wave were observed on the electrocardiogram. Potassium excretion in urine was normal, although hypokalemia was present. The patient was treated with potassium correction.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis of the brain and oral cavity: a case report
Authors: Bontempo D , Frydrych A M , Kujan O , Gebauer D , Fallon M , Panegyres P K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We report a patient with a novel presentation of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive (ANCA+) vasculitis of the brain and oral mucosa. ANCA+ vasculitis of the brain is usually associated with pachymeningitis and hypophysitis, and there are no cases reported with simultaneous brain and oral mucosal involvement. A 35-year-old African Zambian man presented with headache and bleeding swollen gingiva. He was myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibody positive with cytoplasmic staining. His MRI showed stable small callosal, periventricular and subcortical white matter non-enhancing lesions, without change over 15 months—compatible with vasculitis. His gingival biopsy was consistent with vasculitis. His headache and oral lesions responded to oral corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin which have induced clinical remission. Our patient expands the clinical syndrome of ANCA+ MPO+ C-type vasculitis of the central nervous system with headaches complicating cerebral vasculitis and oral mucosal involvement.
Genome-wide association studies identify loci controlling specialized seed metabolites in Arabidopsis
Authors: Naake Thomas , Zhu Feng , Alseekh Saleh , Scossa Federico , Perez de Souza Leonardo , Borghi Monica , Brotman Yariv , Mori Tetsuya , Nakabayashi Ryo , Tohge Takayuki , Fernie Alisdair R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Plants synthesize specialized metabolites to facilitate environmental and ecological interactions. During evolution, plants diversified in their potential to synthesize these metabolites. Quantitative differences in metabolite levels of natural Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions can be employed to unravel the genetic basis for metabolic traits using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here, we performed metabolic GWAS on seeds of a panel of 315 A. thaliana natural accessions, including the reference genotypes C24 and Col-0, for polar and semi-polar seed metabolites using untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a complementary approach, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of near-isogenic introgression lines between C24 and Col-0 for specific seed specialized metabolites. Besides common QTL between seeds and leaves, GWAS revealed seed-specific QTL for specialized metabolites, indicating differences in the genetic architecture of seeds and leaves. In seeds, aliphatic methylsulfinylalkyl and methylthioalkyl glucosinolates associated with the ALKENYL HYDROXYALKYL PRODUCING loci (GS-ALK and GS-OHP) on chromosome 4 containing alkenyl hydroxyalkyl producing 2 (AOP2) and 3 (AOP3) or with the GS-ELONG locus on chromosome 5 containing methylthioalkyl malate synthase (MAM1) and MAM3. We detected two unknown sulfur-containing compounds that were also mapped to these loci. In GWAS, some of the annotated flavonoids (kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside) were mapped to transparent testa 7 (AT5G07990), encoding a cytochrome P450 75B1 monooxygenase. Three additional mass signals corresponding to quercetin-containing flavonols were mapped to UGT78D2 (AT5G17050). The association of the loci and associating metabolic features were functionally verified in knockdown mutant lines. By performing GWAS and QTL mapping, we were able to leverage variation of natural populations and parental lines to study seed specialized metabolism. The GWAS data set generated here is a high-quality resource that can be investigated in further studies.
Cell cycle status of male and female gametes during Arabidopsis reproduction
Authors: Voichek Yoav , Hurieva Bohdana , Michaud Caroline , Schmücker Anna , Vergara Zaida , Desvoyes Bénédicte , Gutierrez Crisanto , Nizhynska Viktoria , Jaegle Benjamin , Borg Michael , Berger Frédéric , Nordborg Magnus , Ingouff Mathieu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fertilization in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is a highly coordinated process that begins with a pollen tube delivering the 2 sperm cells into the embryo sac. Each sperm cell can then fertilize either the egg or the central cell to initiate embryo or endosperm development, respectively. The success of this double fertilization process requires a tight cell cycle synchrony between the male and female gametes to allow karyogamy (nuclei fusion). However, the cell cycle status of the male and female gametes during fertilization remains elusive as DNA quantification and DNA replication assays have given conflicting results. Here, to reconcile these results, we quantified the DNA replication state by DNA sequencing and performed microscopic analyses of fluorescent markers covering all phases of the cell cycle. We show that male and female Arabidopsis gametes are both arrested prior to DNA replication at maturity and initiate their DNA replication only during fertilization.
When tainted money should fund public goods: fundraising professional and public moral preferences
Authors: Rahwan Zoe , Leuker Christina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Philanthropy is essential to public goods such as education and research, arts and culture, and the provision of services to those in need. Providers of public goods commonly struggle with the dilemma of whether to accept donations from morally tainted donors. Ethicists also disagree on how to manage tainted donations. Forgoing such donations reduces opportunities for societal well-being and advancement; however, accepting them can damage institutional and individual reputations. Half of professional fundraisers have faced tainted donors, but only around a third of their institutions had relevant policies (n = 52). Here, we draw on two large samples of US laypeople (ns = 2,019; 2,566) and a unique sample of experts (professional fundraisers, n = 694) to provide empirical insights into various aspects of tainted donations that affect moral acceptability: the nature of the moral taint (criminal or morally ambiguous behavior), donation size, anonymity, and institution type. We find interesting patterns of convergence (rejecting criminal donations), divergence (professionals’ aversion to large tainted donations), and indifference (marginal role of anonymity) across the samples. Laypeople also applied slightly higher standards to universities and museums than to charities. Our results provide evidence of how complex moral trade-offs are resolved differentially, and can thus motivate and inform policy development for institutions dealing with controversial donors.
Evaluation of serious infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, during treatment with biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: does line of therapy matter?
Authors: Lauper Kim , Kearsley-Fleet Lianne , Galloway James B , Watson Kath D ,   BSRBR-RA Contributors Group, Hyrich Kimme L , Lunt Mark 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate if and how the incidence of serious infection (SI) and active tuberculosis (TB) differ among seven biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) in patients with RA considering the line of therapy.

Methods
Patients with RA from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Rheumatoid Arthritis (BSRBR-RA) cohort who initiated etanercept, certolizumab, infliximab, adalimumab, abatacept, rituximab or tocilizumab from the first to fifth line of therapy were included. Follow-up extended up to 3 years. The primary outcome was SI and the secondary outcome was TB. Event rates were calculated and compared using Cox proportional hazards models, controlling for confounding with inverse probability of treatment weights. Comparisons were made overall and stratified by line of therapy. Sensitivity analysis was restricted to all treatment courses from 2009 (tocilizumab availability) until the end of the study (2018).

Results
Among 33 897 treatment courses (62 513 patient-years) the incidence of SI was 4.4/100 patient-years (95% CI 4.2, 4.5). After adjustment, hazards ratios (HRs) of SI were slightly higher with adalimumab and infliximab compared with etanercept. However, no clear pattern was observed when stratifying by line of therapy in terms of incidence rate or HR. Sensitivity analyses showed similar HRs among these treatments. Regarding TB, all 49 cases occurred during the first three lines of treatment and rarely since 2009.

Conclusion
The risk of serious infections does not appear to be influenced by the line of therapy in patients with RA. However, the risk of TB seems to be more frequent during the initial lines of treatment or prior to 2009.
Persisting mortality gap in systemic lupus erythematosus; a population-based study on juvenile- and adult-onset SLE in Norway 1999–2022
Authors: Moe Sigrid Reppe , Haukeland Hilde , Brunborg Cathrine , Botea Antonela , Damjanic Nenad , Wivestad Gro Årthun , Øvreås Heidi , Bøe Thea , Orre Anniken , Garen Torhild , Lilleby Vibke , Provan Sella A , Molberg Øyvind , Lerang Karoline 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
To estimate mortality and survival rates of SLE in a contemporary, population-based setting and assess potential influences by time, sex, ethnicity, classification criteria and age at diagnosis.

Methods
We assessed mortality and survival in the Nor-SLE cohort, which includes all chart review–confirmed SLE cases resident in Southeast Norway (population 2.9 million) 1999–2017. Study end was at death, emigration or 1 October 2022. We defined juvenile SLE by age &lt;16 years at diagnosis. For standardized mortality rate (SMR) estimates, we applied 15 population controls per case, all matched for age, sex, residency and ethnicity. We analysed survival by Kaplan–Meier and risk factors by Cox regression.

Results
The Nor-SLE cohort included 1558 SLE cases, of whom 749 were incident and met the 2019 EULAR and ACR (2019-EA) classification criteria. SMR was increased to 1.8 (95% CI 1.6–2.2) in incident adult-onset SLE but did not differ between females and males. Survival rates at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were lower in incident adult-onset SLE than in matched controls. In multivariable analysis, LN associated with decreased survival, while sex did not. Separate, long-term mortality analyses in the total Nor-SLE cohort showed that SMR peaked at 7.2 (95% CI 3.3–14) in juvenile-onset SLE (n = 93) and fell gradually by increasing age at SLE diagnosis.

Conclusion
This study shows persistence of a mortality gap between adult-onset SLE and controls at population level and provides indications of worryingly high mortality in juvenile-onset SLE.
Low-Dose Short-Term Scheduled Ketorolac Reduces Opioid Use and Pain in Orthopaedic Polytrauma Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Foster Jeffrey A. , Kavolus Matthew W. , Landy David C. , Pectol Richard W. , Sneed Chandler R. , Kinchelow Daria L. , Griffin Jarod T. , Hawk Gregory S. , Aneja Arun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To determine whether scheduled low-dose, short-term ketorolac is associated with reduced length of stay, opioid use, and pain in orthopaedic polytrauma patients.

Design:
Double-blinded, randomized controlled trial

Setting:
One Level 1 trauma center

Patients:
From August 2018 to October 2022, 70 orthopaedic polytrauma patients between 18-75 years-old with a New Injury Severity Score (NISS) > 9 were randomized. 70 participants were enrolled, with 35 randomized to the ketorolac group and 35 to the placebo group.

Intervention:
15 mg of intravenous (IV) ketorolac every 6 hours for up to 5 inpatient days or 2 mL of IV saline in a similar fashion

Main Outcome Measurements:
Length of Stay (LOS), Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Complications

Results:
Study groups were not significantly different with respect to age, BMI, and NISS (p>0.05). Median LOS was 8 days (interquartile range [IQR], 4.5 to 11.5) in the ketorolac group compared to 7 days (IQR, 3 to 10) in the placebo group (p = 0.275). Over the 5-day treatment period, the ketorolac group experienced a 32% reduction in average MME (p = 0.013) and a 12-point reduction in baseline-adjusted mean VAS (p = 0.037) compared to the placebo group. There were no apparent short-term adverse effects in either group.

Conclusion:
Scheduled low-dose, short-term IV ketorolac was associated with significantly reduced inpatient opioid use and pain in orthopaedic polytrauma patients with no significant difference in LOS and no apparent short-term adverse effects. The results support the use of scheduled low-dose, short-term IV ketorolac for acute pain control among orthopaedic polytrauma patients. Further studies are needed to delineate lasting clinical effects and potential long-term effects, such as fracture healing.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.