bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microplastics analytics: why we should not underestimate the importance of blank controls
Authors: Noonan Michael J. , Grechi Nicole , Mills C. Lauren , de A. M. M. Ferraz Marcia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent years have seen considerable scientific attention devoted towards documenting the presence of microplastics (MPs) in environmental samples. Due to omnipresence of environmental microplastics, however, disentangling environmental MPs from sample contamination is a challenge. Hence, the environmental (collection site and laboratory) microplastics contamination of samples during processing is a reality that we must address, in order to generate reproducible and reliable data. Here we investigated published literature and have found that around 1/5 of studies failed to use blank controls in their experiments. Additionally, only 34% of the studies used a controlled air environment for their sample processing (laminar flow, fume hood, closed laboratory, clean room, etc.). In that regard, we have also shown that preparing samples in the fume hood, leads to more microplastics > 1 μm) contamination than preparing it in the laboratory bench and the laminar flow. Although it did not completely prevent microplastics contamination, the processing of sample inside the laminar flow is the best option to reduce sample contamination during processing. Overall, we showed that blank controls are a must in microplastics sample preparation, but it is often overlooked by researchers.
Graphical Abstract
Intellectual Property and the Politics of Public Good during COVID-19: Framing Law, Institutions, and Ideas during TRIPS Waiver Negotiations at the WTO
Authors: Fischer Sara E. , Vitale Lucia , Agutu Akinyi Lisa , Kavanagh Matthew M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Context: To facilitate the manufacturing of COVID-19 medical products, in October 2020 India and South Africa proposed a waiver of certain intellectual property (IP) provisions of a World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement. After nearly two years, a narrow waiver agreement that did little for vaccine access passed the ministerial despite the pandemic's impact on global trade, which the WTO is mandated to safeguard.
Methods: The authors conducted a content analysis of WTO legal texts, key-actor statements, media reporting, and the WTO's procedural framework to explore legal, institutional, and ideational explanations for the delay.
Findings: IP waivers are neither legally complex nor unprecedented within WTO law, yet these waiver negotiations exceeded their mandated 90-day negotiation period by approximately 18 months. Waiver opponents and supporters engaged in escalating strategic framing that justified and eventually secured political attention at head-of-state level, sidelining other pandemic solutions. The frames deployed discouraged consensus on a meaningful waiver, which ultimately favored the status quo that opponents preferred. WTO institutional design encouraged drawn-out negotiation while limiting legitimate players in the debate to trade ministers, empowering narrow interest group politics.
Conclusions: Despite global political attention, the WTO process contributed little to emergency vaccine production, suggesting a pressing need for reforms aimed at more efficient and equitable multilateral processes.
Voting for Democracy: Chile’s Plebiscito and the Electoral Participation of a Generation
Authors: Kaplan Ethan , Saltiel Fernando , Urzúa Sergio 
Published: July 2023

This paper assesses the long-term consequences of voting for democracy. We study Chile’s 1988 plebiscite, which ended 15 years of dictatorship and reestablished democracy. Taking advantage of individual-level voting data, we implement an age-based regression discontinuity design comparing long-run registration and turnout rates across marginally eligible and ineligible individuals. We find plebiscite eligibility increased electoral turnout three decades later. The magnitude of the initial mobilization emerges as the mechanism. Plebiscite eligibility induced a sizable share of less-educated voters to register compared to other upstream elections. The event contributed to the emergence of one-party rule the 20 years following democratization. (JEL D72, D82, O17)
Argument analysis of the ethical claims made by the pharmaceutical industry regarding drug pricing
Authors: Kim Sarah , Nathanson Pamela , Feudtner Chris 
Published: July 2023

Background: Extreme pharmaceutical prices in the United States, their causes, and their ethical implications have been the subject of extensive research and criticism. What has often been overlooked, however, is that the pharmaceutical industry itself often uses ethics language and concepts when offering explanations for their prices, a framing that has not yet been adequately assessed in the context of industry actions. Methods: We conducted an argument analysis of publicly available pharmaceutical industry reports and U.S. Congressional testimony to extract commonly occurring claims regarding their pricing. Results: Starting with the argument that drug research and development are costly, the claims and justifications made in these reports and testimony often invoke common ethical concepts such as benefit, harm, fairness, and autonomy. The arguments and associated rhetoric are, however, often self-contradictory or poorly reflected in the reality of pharmaceutical companies’ actions and experiences in the marketplace. Conclusions: By delineating companies’ public-facing ethics language and identifying hypocritical discrepancies between industry rhetoric and actions.
The attitudes and practices of United Arab Emirates consumers towards food waste: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Kennedy Lynne , Safi Samir , Osaili Taareq. M. , Al Rajabi Ala , Alblooshi Ayesha , Al Jawarneh Dima , Al Kaabi Ahmed , Al Rubaei Fakhra , Albreiki Maitha , Alfadli Maryam , Alhefeiti Aseilah , Ezzat Faris MoezAlIslam , Allaham Kholoud , Junaidi Sameeha , Khan Moien AB 
Published: July 2023

Background: Reducing global food waste is an international environmental, health, and sus-tainability priority. Although significant reductions have been achieved across the food chain, progress by UAE households and consumers remain inadequate. This study seeks to understand the association between consumer attitudes, knowledge, and awareness relating to food waste practice of residents living in the UAE. to help inform policy and action for addressing this national priority. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated semi-structured online questionnaire through stratified sampling (n =1052). The Spearman correlation coefficient was performed to determine the correlations. Two independent regression analysis were used to determine the association between food waste practice with: 1) knowledge and awareness and attitude subdomains, and 2) sociodemographic characteristics. Respondents (n=1072) largely reflect the socio-demographic characteristics and population distribution across the seven Emirates. Results: As expected, a significant and negative correlation was found between food waste practice knowledge and awareness and overall attitude. The regression models showed reduced food waste practice was associated with better knowledge, personal attitude, financial attitude (first model), older age and fewer adults in the household (second model). We found a significant and negative association of personal attitude (a commitment, intention), financial attitude (cost-saving motivation), and (existing) knowledge of Food waste (FW) with practice of food waste, indicating that better knowledge about FW, personal attitude or financial attitude was associated with reduction in undesirable food waste practice. While awareness and emotional attitude (moral concerns) were positively and significantly associated with food waste practice (undesirable behaviour). Conclusions: Food waste poses significant challenges in the UAE, and addressing it requires a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted factors influencing consumer behavior. By promoting knowledge, fostering positive attitudes, and considering socio-cultural factors, policymakers can develop effective strategies to reduce food waste in households and contribute to sustainable development goals.
Emotional Intelligence of a Teacher as a Necessary Condition for the Education of Emotional Responsiveness in Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Shepeleva E. , Prokudina M. , Shafazhinskaya N. 
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to one of the most important aspects of psychological and pedagogical support of the process of educating younger schoolchildren, namely, the formation of an emotional component in the structure of a developing personality. Emotional responsiveness of children, its content and features of manifestation depend on many factors and conditions, among which a special place is occupied by the emotional intelligence of the teacher as the central subject of educational activity, managing and controlling the entire course of pedagogical communication, which, in turn, affects the mental development, behavior and further socialization of students. The authors of the article, based on the results of an empirical study, analyze the psychological and pedagogical resources of the emotional intelligence of a teacher, whose creative and cognitive components directly and indirectly determine the ability of a younger student to empathy, empathy, responsiveness, empathy.
In the proposed material, the emphasis is placed on the fact that the emotional intelligence of a teacher is an active motivating condition for the personal development of schoolchildren, and therefore requires a deeper study in the context of education in the educational environment of the school.
Metabolic syndrome in patients who have been subjected to isolation security measures and treated with atypical antipsychotics
Authors: Cynkier Przemysław , Markiewicz Inga , Kudlak Grzegorz , Antoniak Dorota , Heitzman Janusz 
Published: July 2023

Cel pracyZasadniczym celem pracy była ocena częstości występowania zespołu metabolicznego oraz poszczególnych jego składowych u pacjentów odbywających środek zabezpieczający, leczonych lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi w mono- lub politerapii. Dodatkowe cele obejmowały analizę związków pomiędzy występowaniem zespołu metabolicznego a wiekiem pacjentów, rozpoznaniem psychiatrycznym, nadwagą lub otyłością, obecnością uzależnień od substancji psychoaktywnych.MetodaW badaniu uczestniczyło 61 pacjentów Kliniki Psychiatrii Sądowej, w tym 9 kobiet i 52 mężczyzn, odbywających środek zabezpieczający w okresie od września 2019r. do sierpnia 2021r. Dwukrotnie przeprowadzono pomiary wszystkich parametrów zespołu metabolicznego oraz BMI, na początku pobytu w Klinice i po półrocznym leczeniu atypowymi lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi. Następnie wykonano odpowiednie statystyczne analizy porównawcze.WynikiNie stwierdzono związku pomiędzy występowaniem zespołu metabolicznego a wiekiem badanych, diagnozą medyczną, uzależnieniami od substancji psychoaktywnych, w tym paleniem papierosów. Nie potwierdzono, aby przewlekłe stosowanie atypowych leków przeciwpsychotycznych przy równolegle prowadzonych oddziaływaniach profilaktycznych i prozdrowotnych w warunkach detencji prowadziło do rozwoju zespołu metabolicznego a także powodowało nasilenia jego objawów, poza wyraźnym wzrostem obwodu talii oraz wzrostem BMI.WnioskiSystematyczne pomiary BMI oraz obwodu talii podczas terapii atypowymi lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi mogą być trafnymi narzędziami w ocenie ryzyka zespołu metabolicznego. Długotrwałe hospitalizacje w ramach detencji powinny uwzględniać oddziaływania psychoedukacyjne ukierunkowane na minimalizowanie powikłań metabolicznych farmakoterapii.
Measuring Deterrence Motives in Dynamic Oligopoly Games
Authors: Fang Limin , Yang Nathan 
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a novel decomposition approach for measuring deterrence motives in dynamic oligopoly games. Our approach yields a formalized, scale-free, and interpretable measure of deterrence motives that informs researchers about the proportion for which deterrence motives account of all entry motives. In addition, the decomposition leads to a set of conditions for counterfactual analysis where hypothetical scenarios with deterrence motives eliminated can be explored. We illustrate the use of our measure and counterfactual by conducting an empirical case study about the dynamics of coffee chain stores in Toronto, Canada. The inferred deterrence motives suggest that a noticeable proportion of entry motives can be attributed to deterrence; it can be as high as 43% for the increasingly dominant coffee chain, Starbucks, in certain types of markets. Finally, counterfactual analysis confirms that deterrence motives are indeed associated with Starbucks’ aggressive presence as the number of its outlets and its market share are markedly lower once these motives are eliminated. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4864 .
On the Other Side of Hedge Fund Equity Trades
Authors: Cui Xinyu , Kolokolova Olga , Wang Jiaguo (George) 
Published: July 2023

Hedge funds earn positive ex post abnormal returns and avoid negative abnormal returns on their equity portfolios when trading in the opposite direction of highly diversified low-turnover institutional investors (quasi indexers). This pattern seems to be driven by the preferences of quasi indexers for high-market-beta stocks together with the ability of hedge funds to identify subsets of especially profitable trades. It remains pronounced when accounting for other determinants of hedge fund trades, such as stock liquidity, market anomalies, and major corporate events. Trading against other institutional investors or noninstitutions does not result in abnormal performance for hedge funds. This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance. Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4877 .
Reconfigurable TE-pass polarizer based on lithium niobate waveguide assisted by Ge2Sb2Te5 and silicon nitride
Authors: Fei Yedeng , Xu Yin , Dong Yue , Zhang Bo , Ni Yi 
Published: July 2023

On-chip polarization management components play a critical role in tackling polarization dependence in the lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) platform. In this work, we proposed a reconfigurable TE-pass polarizer based on optical phase change material (GST) and the LNOI wafer. The key region is formed by a hybrid GST–Si3N4 layer symmetrically deposited atop the centerline of the LNOI waveguide along the propagation direction where the GST is sandwiched in the middle of the Si3N4 layer. Whether the polarizer will take effect depends on the phase states of the GST layer and the graphene and aluminum oxide layers are coated atop the GST−Si3N4 layer as the microheater to control the conversion of phase states. The proposed device length is 7.5 µm with an insertion loss (IL)=0.22 dB and extinction ratio (ER)=32.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Moreover, it also has a high ER (>25dB) and a low IL (<0.5dB) in the operating bandwidth of 200 nm. Such a high-performance TE-pass polarizer paves a new way for applications of photonics integrated circuits.
Ultraviolet photodetectors based on ZnO nanowires with SiO2/ZnO multilayers
Authors: Li Li , Jing Yuanyuan , Xu Yingtian , Peng Yue , Xu Chongyang , Fan Jie , Zhang He , Jin Liang , Zou Yonggang , Ma Xiaohui 
Published: July 2023

Ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs) have been a frequently studied focus of optoelectronic semiconductor devices because of their large range of applications. As one of the most famous materials in third-generation semiconductors, ZnO-based UV PDs have received a great deal of attention in various research areas. Due to the carrier transport channel and higher exciton bond energy, ZnO nanowires (NWs) have better photoelectron sensitivity under UV light than ZnO films. Here, well-organized ZnO NWs were fabricated on ZnO-seeded substrates via a hydrothermal method. Multilayers of double SiO2/ZnO(S/Z) layers were designed on the NWs, and the Schottky barrier was introduced by the close contact of the ZnO NWs and gold electrodes to improve the performance of ZnO UV PDs. Characteristics of the dark current, photocurrent, rise time, decay time, photo-to-current ratio (S), and responsivity values (Rs) of the PDs were studied. Furthermore, multilayer UV PDs were achieved on both Si and quartz substrates. S of the ZnO S/Z-based UV PDs fabricated on a silica substrate can reach 55.57, which is better than the values of ZnO UV PDs reported previously. Compared with silica-based UV PDs with S/Z layers, quartz-based UV PDs with S/Z layers show a higher performance of Rs, which reach 12.62 A/W. ZnO NWs with multilayers and the Schottky contact between ZnO NWs and Au are promising candidates in high-sensitivity UV PDs.
Mollow triplets under few-photon excitation
Authors: Wu Bang , Wang Xu-Jie , Liu Li , Huang Guoqi , Wang Wenyan , Liu Hanqing , Ni Haiqiao , Niu Zhichuan , Yuan Zhiliang 
Published: July 2023

Resonant excitation is an essential tool in the development of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) for quantum information processing. One central challenge is to enable transparent access to the QD signal without post-selection information loss. A viable path is through cavity enhancement, which has successfully lifted the resonantly scattered field strength over the laser background under weak excitation. Here, we extend this success to the saturation regime using a QD-micropillar device with a Purcell factor of 10.9 and ultra-low background cavity reflectivity of just 0.0089±0.0001. We achieve a signal to background ratio of 55 and overall system responsivity of 3.01±0.08%, i.e., we detect on average 0.03 resonantly scattered single photons for every incident laser photon. Raising the excitation to the few-photon level, the QD response is brought into saturation where we observe Mollow triplets as well as the associated cascaded single photon emissions, without resorting to any laser background rejection technique. Our work offers a perspective on a QD cavity interface that is not restricted by the laser background.
Titel: Nachhaltige IT und ihr Potenzial für die Gestaltung der Arbeitswelt
Authors: Hofmann Josephine , Ricci Claudia 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungNachhaltigkeit und Digitalisierung sind zwei der größten Herausforderungen, mit denen Gesellschaft, Politik und Industrie heute schon und in den nächsten Jahren verstärkt konfrontiert sein werden. Die Krisen der letzten wenigen Jahre, insbesondere die Corona-, die Ukraine- und die Energiekrise, haben dies sehr plastisch vor Augen geführt. Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert die wesentlichen Begrifflichkeiten, Rahmenbedingungen und stellt das Junktim von Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit in Form der „Doppelten Transformation“ auf Basis einer Metaanalyse vor. Schwerpunktmäßige Betrachtung unseres Beitrages ist das Potenzial der doppelten Transformation für die Gestaltung einer hybriden Arbeitswelt.Dabei werden zwei Perspektiven auf das Zusammenspiel von Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit dargestellt: Einerseits wird die Rolle der Digitalisierung als Enabler einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beleuchtet, insbesondere mit Blick auf die Umsetzung digitaler Lösungen für eine nachhaltigere Arbeitswelt; im Kern Effekte von Homeoffice, Videokonferenzen und Stimulationsansätzen zur Förderung nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Arbeitsverhaltens. Andererseits zeigen wir in unserem Beitrag Ansätze und Beispiele aus der Literatur und aus der Praxis, wie IT sozial- und umweltgerecht gestaltet werden kann.
The association between religiosity and resilience among young trans women
Authors: Wang Jeremy C. , McFarland Willi , Arayasirikul Sean , Wilson Erin C. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Young transgender women (trans women) experience poor health in part due to discrimination. Factors that promote resilience may help young trans women positively adapt to discrimination, resulting in attenuation of poor health outcomes. While religion is sometimes a source of stigma and transphobia, qualitative studies have identified religiosity as an important resilience resource for young trans women. The goals of this study were to quantitatively measure religiosity and resilience among young trans women and to assess whether they are associated.

Methods
From 2012–2013, 300 young trans women between the ages of 16–24 years were enrolled in a longitudinal study; we examined the cross-sectional baseline data on demographics, religiosity, and resilience. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis examined the correlation between demographics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income) and religiosity among young trans women. Additionally, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis examined the association between religiosity and resilience among young trans women, controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and income.

Results
Participants who reported high religiosity had significantly greater odds (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.05–3.01, p = .03) of reporting high resilience compared to those reporting low religiosity. Black/African American participants had significantly higher odds (aOR 6.16, 95% CI 2.34–16.20, p = < .001) of reporting high religiosity compared to those who identified as White.

Conclusion
Religiosity may be an important resilience resource for young trans women. Gender affirming religious and spiritual interventions may promote resilience among some young trans women.
Mycosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma longibrachiatum) and their Mosquito Larvicidal Efficacy on Dengue Vectors and Acute Toxicity on Moina macrocopa
Authors: Perera Dinusha S. , Tharaka W.G. Hiruni , Wickramarachchi Suranga R. , Amarasinghe Deepika , De Silva Channa R. , Gunawardana Thilini N. 
Published: July 2023

Current study is based on the larvicidal effect of mycosynthesized siver nanopartices (AgNPs) from Trichoderma ongibrachiatum (Tl-AgNPs) and Trichoderma viride (Tv-AgNPs) on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus dengue vectors and non-targeted aquatic crustacean, Moina macrocopa. Mosquito larvae were exposed to each test concentration (10 to 50 mg L-1) of Tl-AgNPs and Tv-AgNPs separately with three replicates containing 25 larvae each. The AgNPs characterization confirmed the formation of Tl-AgNPs and Tv-AgNPs in the UV-Vis spectrum with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 430 nm, existence of biomolecules and stabilizing agents on the AgNPs in FTIR spectroscopy and the presence of spherical shape AgNPs in a size range of 15-20 nm in TEM. The total larval exposure period was 48 h in order to evaluate 24 and 48 h larval mortalities and the toxicity effects on Moina macrocopa were also evaluated. LC50 were recorded as 14.68 mg L-1,14.05 mg L-1 after 24 h and 13.4 mg L-1, 12.94 mg L-1 after 48 h of exposure to A. aegypti and A. albopictus, respectively for Tl-AgNPs. The LC50 for Tv-AgNPs were recorded as 12.08 mg L-1, 14.05 mg L-1 after 24 h and 13.4 mg L-1, 12.94 mg L-1 after 48 h exposure for A. aegypti and A. albopictus, respectively. The Tv-AgNPs are reported to be more toxic for M. macrocopa after 48 h exposure with LC50 0.167 ppm, LC90 0.291 ppm for Tl-AgNPs and LC50 0.155, LC90 0.248 ppm for Tv-AgNPs. This study concludes Tl-AgNPs and Tv-AgNPs could be used as potential larvicide for dengue vector control. Results confirmed that Tv-AgNPs are more effective than Tl-AgNPs in controlling mosquito larvae. However, there is a potential threat to other non-targeted organisms in the practical aspects of this treatment.