bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and characterization of a broadband PCB-based coaxial sensor for permittivity screening in skin cancer detection applications
Authors: Fritiss Mohamed Zied , Poulichet Patrick , Takhedmit Hakim , Lanquetin Laurent , Protat Stephane , Vallade Patrice , Richalot Elodie , Français Olivier 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy is nowadays considered as a useful non-destructive detection tool for biomedical applications like glucose monitoring, hydration level measurement, and cancer tissue examination. Depending on their composition and physiological state, biological tissues have different dielectric characteristics. Studies on melanoma have revealed that the lesion site’s skin permittivity changes depending on the malignancy of the lesion. In that case, the complex permittivity of suspicious areas must therefore be imaged with spatial resolution consistent with the small dimensions of the pathology in order to correctly detect and characterize the lesion site. The variety of skin properties for various individuals and physiological situations (such as temperature and humidity), however, makes it difficult to build a sensitive sensor capable of detecting minor fluctuations in permittivity in every situation. In order to detect suspicious lesions in their early stage with a good agreement between simulated and measured results, this work proposes the design of a unique microwave sensor that can precisely detect small variations in cutaneous permittivity between 1 and 6 GHz.
A linear optimization model for high dose rate brachytherapy using a novel distance metric
Authors: Mirzavand Boroujeni Nasim , Richard Jean-Philippe P , Sterling David , Wilke Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose. We propose a linear network-based optimization model (LNBM) for high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) that uses a novel distance metric to measure the discrepancy between the dose delivered and the prescription. Unlike models in the literature, LNBM takes advantage of the adjacency structure of the patients’ voxels by formalizing them into a network. Methods. We apply LNBM to a set of 7 cervical cancer cases treated with HDR-BT. State-of-the-art commercial optimization software solves LNBM to global optimality. The results of LNBM are compared with those of inverse planning by simulated annealing (IPSA) based on tumor coverage, dosimetric indices for the critical organs at risk (OARs), isodose contour plots, and two metrics of homogeneity new to this work (hot-spots volumes and diameters). Results. LNBM produces plans with improved tumor coverage and with improved isodose contour plots and dosimetric indices for OARs that receive highest dose (bladder and rectum in this study) when compared with IPSA. Using new metrics of homogeneity, we also demonstrate that LNBM produces more homogeneous plans on these cases. An analysis of the solutions of LNBM shows that they use a significant part of the voxel network structure, providing evidence that the plans produced are different from those created using traditional penalty approaches and are more directly guided by the geometry of the patients’ anatomy. Conclusions. The proposed linear network-based optimization model efficiently generates more homogeneous high quality treatment plans for HDR-BT.
Quantitative modeling of streamer discharge branching in air
Authors: Wang Zhen , Dijcks Siebe , Guo Yihao , van der Leegte Martijn , Sun Anbang , Ebert Ute , Nijdam Sander , Teunissen Jannis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStreamer discharges are the primary mode of electric breakdown of air in lightning and high voltage technology. Streamer channels branch many times, which determines the developing tree-like discharge structure. Understanding these branched structures is for example important to describe streamer coronas in lightning research. We simulate branching of positive streamers in air using a 3D fluid model where photoionization is included as a discrete and stochastic process. The probability and morphology of branching are in good agreement with dedicated experiments. This demonstrates that photoionization indeed provides the noise that triggers branching, and we show that branching is remarkably sensitive to the amount of photoionization. Our comparison is therefore one of the first sensitive tests for Zheleznyak’s photoionization model, confirming its validity.
Optical control of BaF molecules trapped in neon ice
Authors: Li S J , Ramachandran H D , Anderson R , Vutha A C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We have trapped BaF molecules in neon ice and used laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy to map out their optical transitions. Our measurements show that the neon lattice does not significantly perturb certain optical transitions in trapped BaF molecules. We used one such transition to optically pump and detect spin resonances in the molecules. This demonstration of optical control of trapped heavy polar molecules offers opportunities to advance physical chemistry and ultra-high-energy physics.
Swift heavy ion irradiation effect on structural, morphological and mechanical properties of Zr70Ni30 metallic glass
Authors: Boukhemkhem Wafa , Izerrouken Mahmoud , Ghidelli Matteo , Pardoen Thomas , Sari Ali , Yazid Khereddine Abdel , Meftah Ali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Metallic glass films are considered for coating applications in the nuclear field owing to their advantageous performances. However, the response to irradiation remains to be more thoroughly characterized. Zr70Ni30 metallic glass films were irradiated by 0.71MeV/u129Xe23+ ions in the fluence range from 5 × 1012 to 8 × 1013 ions cm−2. The structural, morphological, and mechanical properties were determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and nanoindentation for the as-deposited and irradiated samples. The Xe ion induced surface smoothening, thereby increasing the corrosion resistance. One-dimensional power spectral density of the AFM data of irradiated film demonstrated that the irradiation-induced evolution of the surface morphology could be attributed to a transition between viscous flow and the evaporation-condensation mechanism. The amorphous structure was unaffected after irradiation up to a fluence of 8 × 1013 ions cm−2. Nanoindentation revealed first a softening as the fluence increases up to 4 × 1013 ions cm−2, reflecting the creation of free volume defects. Then the hardness and Young’s modulus slightly increase when reaching 8 × 1013 ions cm−2. Moreover, at a critical dose of 0.008 dpa, the hardness is found to increase. Moreover, the calculation of the inelastic thermal spike model reveals the formation of the track with a radius of 7 nm.
The hidden quantum origin of gauge connections
Authors: Patrascu Andrei T 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA fibre bundle viewpoint of gauge field theories is reviewed with focus on a possible quantum interpretation. The fundamental quantum properties of non-separability of state spaces is considered in the context of defining the connection on the fibre bundle, leading to an application of the quantum principles to the geometrical and topological definition of gauge theories. As a result, one could justifiably ask oneself if all interactions of the standard model, and perhaps even classical gravity have some quantum component after all. I employ a standard fibre bundle approach to introduce gauge theories, albeit it is known that a quantum bundle exists, simply because the main scope is to show that in the usual way in which we formulate classical gauge theories one can find quantum aspects that have been unknown until now. In a sense, I will try to justify the assessment that if we are to allow for gauge fields and parallel transport, we may have to allow at least some level of quantumness even in our classical gauge theories. The main statement is that propagation of interactions in spacetime is a quantum phenomenon. After writing the first draft of this article I noticed Y Shen C. Rosales-Guzman 2022Laser & Photonics Reviews,16,2100533 where the authors device entanglement of what they call ‘classical light’. This experiment supports my theoretical developments with the distinction that I interpret such phenomena also as fundamentally quantum. The distinction comes from the fact that the quantum nature of the experiments is manifested in a different way. My view on this is that there is no purely classical reality, no matter what the scale is at which we consider the description. I also discuss the fact that observing a quantum nature of ‘classical’ light propagation would amount to the requirement of modifying the causal structure defined in terms of the speed of light in a vacuum, on stronger grounds, based on the quantum interpretation of gauge connections.
Constraints on the parameterized deceleration parameter in FRW universe
Authors: Chaudhary Himanshu , Bouali Amine , Debnath Ujjal , Roy Tanusree , Mustafa G 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Confirmation of accelerated expansion of the Universe probed the concept of dark energy theory, and since then, numerous models have been introduced to explain its origin and nature. The present work is based on reconstructing dark energy by parametrization of the deceleration parameter in the FLRW universe filled with radiation, dark matter and dark energy. We have chosen some well-motivated parametrized models 1-3 in an attempt to investigate the energy density in terms of deceleration parameters by estimating the cosmological parameters with the help of different observational datasets. Also, we have introduced a new model 4 for the parametrization of the deceleration parameter. Then we analyzed the cosmography parameters using the best-fit values of the parameters. Using the information criteria, we have examined the viability of the models.
Data augmentation and hybrid feature amalgamation to detect audio deep fake attacks
Authors: Chakravarty Nidhi , Dua Mohit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The ability to distinguish between authentic and fake audio is become increasingly difficult due to the increasing accuracy of text-to-speech models, posing a serious threat to speaker verification systems. Furthermore, audio deepfakes are becoming a more likely source of deception with the development of sophisticated methods for producing synthetic voice. The ASVspoof dataset has recently been used extensively in research on the detection of audio deep fakes, together with a variety of machine and deep learning methods. The proposed work in this paper combines data augmentation techniques with hybrid feature extraction method at front-end. Two variants of audio augmentation method and Synthetic Minority Over Sampling Technique (SMOTE) have been used, which have been combined individually with Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Gammatone Cepstral Coefficients (GTCC) and hybrid these two feature extraction methods for implementing front-end feature extraction. To implement the back-end our proposed work two deep learning models, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and two Machine Learning (ML) classifier Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) have been used. For training, and evaluation ASVspoof 2019 Logical Access (LA) partition, and for testing of the said systems, and ASVspoof 2021 deep fake partition have been used. After analysing the results, it can be observed that combination of MFCC+GTCC with SMOTE at front-end and LSTM at back-end has outperformed all other models with 99% test accuracy, and 1.6 % Equal Error Rate (EER) over deepfake partition. Also, the testing of this best combination has been done on DEepfake CROss-lingual (DECRO) dataset. To access the effectiveness of proposed model under noisy scenarios, we have analysed our best model under noisy condition by adding Babble Noise, Street Noise and Car Noise to test data.
An electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical analysis model for high temperature superconducting magnets
Authors: Yang Zhixing , Ren Li , Xu Ying , Shi Jing , Duan Pu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High temperature superconducting magnets are the core component of superconducting power devices, and their stability is the key factor that restricts the safe operation of superconducting power devices. In order to accurately and effectively evaluate the stability of superconducting magnets during operation, an electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical numerical simulation method for high temperature superconducting magnets is studied in this paper. Based on the model, the 150 kJ SMES magnet as case is studied, the magnetic field and current density distribution are solved during its operation, and its temperature rise, AC loss and stress analysis of the magnet are achieved. In addition, this work further analyses the critical current degradation of superconducting tapes in the 150 kJ HTS magnet under multi-field coupling, the dangerous region in operation is obtained and suggestions are put forward to avoid quench. The electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical model may provide an appropriate stability assessment with rapid and real-time calculations for high temperature superconducting magnets.
The effect of Cu ions concentration on electrochromic properties of Cu embedded PANI thin films
Authors: Esmaeilizadshali Hossein , Nikfarjam Alireza , Kordlar Amir Ghasemi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, copper salt (CuSO4.5H2O) has been used to improve electro-optical performances of PANI electrochromic layers including color switching rate (from transparent to colored state) and stability. For this purpose, the PANI solution was chemically prepared in the presence of different amounts (0.018, 0.03, 0.25, 0.5 and 2.5%w) of copper ions concentration by electrodeposition technique on a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, which was used as a transparent conductive electrode and substrate. Finally, the five PANI/Cu samples were characterized and compared with pure PANI electrochromic layer. As a result, with cyclic voltammetry analysis and photospectroscopy, in the most optimal amount of copper (0.03%w) the optical contrast of the Cu embedded PANI electrochromic layer enhanced from 15% to 52.5%, its coloring time improved from 3 s to 1.3 s and its stability was the best.
Micro-arcsecond Astrometry Technology: Detector and Field Distortion Calibration
Authors: Shao Michael , Zhai Chengxing , Nemati Bijan , Hahn Inseob , Trahan Russell , Turyshev Slava 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Microarcsecond (μas) astrometry is an indispensable technique to detect earth-like exoplanets, fully characterize exoplanetary orbits, and measure their masses—information critical for assessing their habitability. Highly accurate astrometric measurements can also probe the nature of dark matter, the early universe, black holes, and neutron stars, thus providing unique data for new astrophysics. This paper presents technologies of calibrating detectors and field distortions for achieving narrow field μas relative astrometry with a focal plane array detector on a 6 m telescope.
Decoding articulatory and phonetic components of naturalistic continuous speech from the distributed language network
Authors: Thomas Tessy M , Singh Aditya , Bullock Latané P , Liang Daniel , Morse Cale W , Scherschligt Xavier , Seymour John P , Tandon Nitin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. The speech production network relies on a widely distributed brain network. However, research and development of speech brain–computer interfaces (speech-BCIs) has typically focused on decoding speech only from superficial subregions readily accessible by subdural grid arrays—typically placed over the sensorimotor cortex. Alternatively, the technique of stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) enables access to distributed brain regions using multiple depth electrodes with lower surgical risks, especially in patients with brain injuries resulting in aphasia and other speech disorders. Approach. To investigate the decoding potential of widespread electrode coverage in multiple cortical sites, we used a naturalistic continuous speech production task. We obtained neural recordings using sEEG from eight participants while they read aloud sentences. We trained linear classifiers to decode distinct speech components (articulatory components and phonemes) solely based on broadband gamma activity and evaluated the decoding performance using nested five-fold cross-validation. Main Results. We achieved an average classification accuracy of 18.7% across 9 places of articulation (e.g. bilabials, palatals), 26.5% across 5 manner of articulation (MOA) labels (e.g. affricates, fricatives), and 4.81% across 38 phonemes. The highest classification accuracies achieved with a single large dataset were 26.3% for place of articulation, 35.7% for MOA, and 9.88% for phonemes. Electrodes that contributed high decoding power were distributed across multiple sulcal and gyral sites in both dominant and non-dominant hemispheres, including ventral sensorimotor, inferior frontal, superior temporal, and fusiform cortices. Rather than finding a distinct cortical locus for each speech component, we observed neural correlates of both articulatory and phonetic components in multiple hubs of a widespread language production network. Significance. These results reveal the distributed cortical representations whose activity can enable decoding speech components during continuous speech through the use of this minimally invasive recording method, elucidating language neurobiology and neural targets for future speech-BCIs.
Treatment of greywater by adsorption and coagulation with Hibiscus Sabdariffa as the natural coagulant
Authors: Ahmad M. , Ismail N , Yoon L W 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Greywater refers to wastewater from showers, baths, basins and washing machines. Recycled greywater can be used for crops irrigation, toilet flushing, and other activities that does not require fresh water. Coagulation is an effective, simple, and cheap process to treat greywater with the use of coagulants. The studies show that the use of chemical coagulants pose threat to the environment, produce large amount of sludge and have severe effect on human health. This study uses Hibiscus Sabdariffa seeds as natural coagulant, as they are biodegradable, non-toxic, and safe for human health. The seeds of Hibiscus Sabdariffa are usually discarded, thus using them as natural coagulants makes it cost-effective. Another process of adsorption was also studied in this work due to its effectiveness in treating wastewater. Activated carbon have been studied as an adsorbent due to its low-cost and sustainability. The aims of this paper are to investigate the performance of the seeds and adsorbent by differing pH, coagulant dosage, and adsorbent dosage. Jar test was carried out by varying pH of 2-12, coagulant dosage of 20-120 mg/L and adsorbent dosage of 0.5-5g. The process involved rapid mixing for 4 minutes, slow mixing for 25 minutes and 30 minutes of sedimentation time. By carrying out the experiment, it was found out the seeds of Hibiscus Sabdariffa showed best performance at pH 2, coagulant dosage 20 mg/L with the turbidity removal and COD removal of 91.3% and 43%, respectively. For the process of adsorption, highest turbidity and COD removal were determined to be 98.6% and 61.6% respectively with the pH 2 and adsorbent dosage of 3g. The combined process of adsorption-coagulation shows best performance at pH 2, coagulant dosage 4 mg/L and adsorbent dosage of 1.6g with the turbidity and COD removal of 98.3% and 85% respectively. This study shows the potential in Hibiscus Sabdariffa seeds and activated carbon to treat greywater for reuse.
Synthesis of tunable hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of antioxidants from Salvia officinalis L.
Authors: Ghanem N , Chua B L , Albalushi A S A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The leaves of Salvia officinalis L., a plant known for its high antioxidant content, were selected as the focus of this research. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of sage leaves extract by varying the hydrophilic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) compositions and molar ratios. The hydrophilic DESs were synthesized using the heating method with diverse combinations of DES, including lactic acid (LA), oxalic acid (OA), succinic acid (SA), and ethylene glycol (EG) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and choline chloride (ChCl) as the sole hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with varied molar ratios of HBA to HBD (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1). The antioxidants were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction method at 70°C of extraction temperature, 30 mins of sonication time, and 1:30 g/mL of solid-solvent ratio. The DES extraction efficiency was evaluated based on the antioxidant scavenging abilities measured by α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The results revealed that the ChCl-OA showed the highest antioxidant activity (67.660 μg/mL), followed by ChCl-EG (52.327 μg/mL) and ChCl-LA (33.116 μg/mL) with molar ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:2, respectively. As conclusion, ChCl-OA with molar ratio of 1:1 exhibited the highest extraction efficiency (77.259%) as compared to the other DES combinations using 70% of methanol (v/v).
A simple speed bump energy harvester
Authors: Teng Janessa Hui Mann , Tien Douglas Tong Kum 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As the nation progresses, energy demand increases. The generation of electricity in Malaysia is currently from natural gas, crude oil and petroleum, coal and coke, hydro and other renewable energy sources. Depletion of non-renewable energy sources and excessive carbon emissions are significant concerns. Any effort to mitigate, however small, is worth considering. In this study, energy harvesting from speed bumps is proposed and a roller speed bump energy harvester (SBEH) was conceived. From theoretical analysis, the roller SBEH can produce a theoretical power output of 1632.92 W when a car of 850 kg crosses the speed bump with a speed of 10 km/h. The primary driving force for roller SBEH was velocity and the secondary contributor was the weight of the vehicle. Greater speed and mass results in greater energy harvest. Future work will look further into its feasibility, examine the challenges of installation, perform size optimization and a proof-of-concept prototype.
Development of a low-cost non-destructive test system for measurement of elastic modulus
Authors: Chio W H , Amares S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Conventional measurement processes to determine elastic modulus of samples such as tensile or flexural test and bending test are typically unidirectional and destructive in nature for the measured samples. The industrial grade and commercially available Non-Destructive Test (NDT) measurement instrument based on the impulse excitation technique is meanwhile expensive. This project involves designing and developing a low-cost NDT system for the measurement of elastic modulus based on the impulse excitation technique. Secondly, it is to compare the performance of the measurement system with the tensile test. The performance of the NDT prototype will be put to test by using different type of specimens such as aluminium alloy, copper, brass, and carbon steel. Each type of specimen will carry be tested three times to get the average of the data. After all the data collection of the NDT measurement system, the tensile test will be carried out. A comparison for the measurement of the elastic modulus will be conducted between the NDT system, tensile test, and theoretical results. The expected outcome for this project is to develop a NDT for the measurement of the elastic modulus. This project also aims to reduce the industrial waste, reduce the cost of the sample test and maintain the accuracy and the performance of the NDT system compared with the tensile test.