bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic collisional data for neutral beam modeling in fusion plasmas
Authors: Hill C. , Dipti  , Heinola K. , Dubois A. , Sisourat N. , Taoutioui A. , Agueny H. , Tőkési K. , Ziaeian I. , Illescas C. , Jorge A. , Méndez L. , Kadyrov A.S. , Antonio N.W. , Kotian A.M. , Kirchner T. , Leung A.C.K. , Ko J. , Lee J.K. , Marchuk O. , O’Mullane M.G. , Litherland-Smith E. , Pokol G.I. , Asztalos O. , Balazs P. , Wu Y. , Jia C.C. , Liu L. , Wang J.G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The injection of energetic neutral particles into the plasma of magnetic confinement fusion reactors is a widely-accepted method for heating such plasmas; various types of neutral beam are also used for diagnostic purposes. Accurate atomic data are required to properly model beam penetration into the plasma and to interpret photoemission spectra from both the beam particles themselves (e.g. beam emission spectroscopy) and from plasma impurities with which they interact (e.g. charge exchange recombination spectroscopy). This paper reviews and compares theoretical methods for calculating ionization, excitation and charge exchange cross sections applied to several important processes relevant to neutral hydrogen beams, including H + Be4+ and H + H+. In particular, a new cross section for the proton-impact ionization of H (1s) is recommended which is significantly larger than that previously accepted at fusion-relevant energies. Coefficients for an empirical fit function to this cross section and to that of the first excited states of H are provided and uncertainties estimated. The propagation of uncertainties in this cross section in modeling codes under JET-like conditions has been studied and the newly-recommended values determined to have a significant effect on the predicted beam attenuation. In addition to accurate calculations of collisional atomic data, the use of these data in codes modeling beam penetration and photoemission for fusion-relevant plasma density and temperature profiles is discussed. In particular, the discrepancies in the modeling of impurities are reported. The present paper originates from a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on the topic of fundamental atomic data for neutral beam modeling that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ran from 2017 to 2022; this project brought together ten research groups in the fields of fusion plasma modeling and collisional cross section calculations. Data calculated during the CRP is summarized in an appendix and is available online in the IAEA’s atomic database, CollisionDB.
Design of an optimized load-resilient conjugate T for the ICRH system in the LHD using a novel hybrid circuit/3DLHDAP code and experimental results
Authors: Du D. , Saito K. , Kwak J.G. , Seki T. , Kasahara H. , Seki R. , Nomura G. , Yang Q.X. , Zhou H. , Hu S.X. , Huang Z.W. , Gong X.Y. , Gao Z.K. , Xiang D. , Kanda M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It is crucial to correctly predict the S-matrix with plasma and set the optimal impedance matching device in the ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) antenna system design. In this paper, a hybrid circuit/3DLHDAP code to verify the S-matrix measurements in the presence of plasma and optimize the load-resilient conjugate-T circuit for Large Helical Device (LHD) ICRH antennas has been developed and benchmarked. The variation of S-matrices for handshake form (HAS) and field-aligned-impedance-transforming (FAIT) antenna systems with density, magnetic field and coupling distance during heating obtained by the code’s simulations agrees with that of with the LHD ICRH experiments. The mutual coupling of toroidally aligned HAS antennas is larger than that of poloidally aligned FAIT antennas over a wide range of densities. When the density and coupling distance increase, under a magnetic field on the magnetic axis of 2.75 T and 1.0 T, within a certain density change range, at the minimum voltage position with vacuum injection, the change rule of the antennas’ Sa_minV_

11 and Sa_minV_

22 with density is opposite to that with coupling distance, which means that under certain conditions, adjusting the coupling distance may make up for the S-parameters changes caused by plasma density variation, keeping the minimum voltage position fixed, and may make impedance matching easier to achieve during long-pulse operation. Based on obtaining the S parameters, conjugate-T circuits for the HAS and FAIT antennas are designed with the hybrid circuit/3DLHDAP code, which can keep the reflection coefficients low without controlling impedance matching device over a wide range of plasma parameters region. The related results in this paper may provide some guidance for the high-power long-pulse operation of the ICRH antenna system on the fusion device.
Optimization of the equilibrium magnetic sensor set for the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Stewart I.G. , Granetz R.S. , Myers C.E. , Paz-Soldan C. , Sweeney R. , Hansen C.J. , Garnier D.T. , Battaglia D.J. , Creely A.J. , Reinke M.L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Accurate reconstruction of the plasma equilibrium is imperative for successful operation of the SPARC tokamak. In order to assess the expected reconstruction accuracy throughout the duration of design-point discharges, the EFIT equilibrium reconstruction code was deployed for SPARC. Reconstructions from SPARC baseline scenarios were compared with free-boundary equilibria generated by FreeGS, Toksys, and the Tokamak Simulation Code. The key geometric areas of interest, where design constraints are imposed, included: the inner and outer midplane gaps, the X-point locations, as well as the strike point locations. Successful reconstructions of various reference discharges, using deviations in these key geometric quantities as metrics, were calculated from synthetic signals considering an optimized equilibrium magnetic sensor set. The optimization process for this sensor set combined a scan of randomized sensor placement with a linear perturbation analysis to determine critical sensor locations, while simultaneously conforming to design constraints on the sensor placement. This optimized set was also successful in performing equilibrium reconstructions with the addition of error to synthetic measurements of magnetic flux and magnetic field, as well as contributions from eddy currents in conducting structures. These methods represent a workflow of optimization and validation that balances the engineering constraints of sensor placement with achieving sufficient reconstruction fidelity for science and operations missions for SPARC.
Displacement Measurement of Shaking Table Experiments Based on Binocular Vision and Subpixel Optimization
Authors: Xu Haoran , He Junze , Zhu Junru , Wang Yanhua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The shaking table experiment is a very useful tool to assess the seismic performance of structural models. However, there are many shortcomings in traditional displacement measurement methods. In this research, a binocular vision algorithm for accurately extracting the subpixel center of the circular target based on elliptic fitting is proposed. Firstly, the images are collected by two high-speed cameras and pre-processed to enhance their brightness and contrast. Then, an improved subpixel optimization method based on the Zernike moments and Canny operator is adopted to get accurate localization of extracted target points’ three-dimension coordinates. After comparing the displacement of target points with laser sensors, the results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high-precision displacement measurements and overcomes the problems that traditional methods hold.
Design of displacement detection system for differential inductance sensor
Authors: He Zhian , Fan Shixun , Xing Lihua , Cheng Ning 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To improve the resolution of displacement detection of the differential inductance sensor and meet the requirement of real-time, that is, high output bandwidth of displacement detection system, a displacement detection system of differential inductance sensor was designed based on the Zynq-7020 platform. The PL terminal (FPGA) of Zynq 7020 is used to generate the sensor excitation signal, collect the sensor probe displacement signal, digital phase-lock amplification and demodulation of the sensor, and transmit the original shift signal and the displacement signal after demodulation at the PS terminal (ARM). The measurement error can be reduced by using the band-pass filter to pretreat the signal before the digital phase-locked amplifier. According to the experimental results, the resolution of the demodulated displacement signal can reach more than 0.0028%FS, and the nonlinear error can reach 0.0278%FS after smooth approximation fitting.
Tibetan text classification based on graph convolutional network
Authors: Xia Xiaotian , Cao Hui , Li Yueying , Song Quan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study of Tibetan text classification based on graph convolutional networks, the text graph is first constructed for the Tibetan news corpus based on word-word relations and word-document relations using the constructive relations of Tibetan words and documents, then initialized using the unique thermal representations of words and documents. The embeddings of words and documents are learned using graph convolutional networks under the supervision of the training set of documents, and finally, the text classification problem is transformed into a node classification problem. The graph convolutional network achieves an accuracy of 68.45 % on the Tibetan text classification task, which is higher than other baseline models. In this paper, two comparative experiments are designed to illustrate the effectiveness of graph convolutional networks on Tibetan text classification, which helps people to solve the problem of confusing information in Tibetan texts.
Optimization of WLS fiber readout for the HERD calorimeter
Authors: Liu X. , Quan Z. , Dong Y.W. , Xu M. , Wang J.J. , Wang R.J. , Wang Z.G. , Cui X.Z. , Bao T.W. , Liao C.L. , Han J.F. , Chen Y. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A novel 3-D calorimeter, composed of about 7500 LYSO cubes, is the key and crucial detector of the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility to be installed onboard the China Space Station. Energy deposition from cosmic ray in each LYSO cube is translated by multiple wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers for multi-range data acquisition and real-time triggering.

In this study, various methods of surface finish and encapsulation of the LYSO cube were investigated to optimize the amplitude from the WLS fiber end with the aim of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of Intensified scientific CMOS (IsCMOS) collection. The LYSO cube with five rough surfaces and a specular reflector achieves the maximum amplitude at the low-range fiber end, which is increased by roughly 44% compared to the polished cube with PTFE wrapping.

The non-uniformity of amplitude at different positions on the LYSO cube surface was measured by X-ray and the positional correlation factor was derived for the entire cube. A simulation based on HERD CALO was conducted, which revealed that both the LYSO cube with five rough surfaces and the cube with rough bottom face exhibit superior energy resolution for electrons compared to the other two configurations.
Using payment for ecosystem services to meet national reforestation commitments: impacts of 20+ years of forestry incentives in Guatemala
Authors: Patrick Evan , Butsic Van , Potts Matthew D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
International environmental initiatives, such as the Bonn Challenge and the UN Decade on Restoration, have prompted countries to put the management and restoration of forest landscapes at the center of their land use and climate policies. To support these goals, many governments are promoting forest landscape restoration and management through financial forestry incentives, a form of payment for ecosystem services. Since 1996, Guatemala has implemented a series of forestry incentives that promote active forest landscape restoration and management on private and communal lands. These programs have been widely hailed as a success with nearly 600 000 ha enrolled since 1998. However, there has been no systematic assessment of the effectiveness of these programs on preserving and restoring Guatemalan forests. This study evaluates the impacts of over 16 000 individual PES projects funded through two incentive programs using a synthetic control counterfactual. Overall, a program for smallholders resulted in lower rates of forest loss, while a program for industrial timber owners led to greater gains in forest cover. Across policies, we found dramatically higher forest cover increases from restoration projects (15% forest cover increase) compared to plantation and agroforestry projects (3%–6% increase in forest cover). Projects that protected natural forest also showed a 6% reduction in forest loss. We found forest cover increases to be under 10% of total enrolled area, although positive local spillovers suggest this is an underestimate. Restoration projects show the most promise at promoting forest landscape restoration, but these benefits need to be weighed against priorities like resilience and rural development, which may be better served by other projects.
Exhaled nitric oxide in intubated ICU patients on mechanical ventilation—a feasibility study
Authors: Kofoed Andreas , Hindborg Mathias , Hjembæk-Brandt Jeppe , Sørensen Christian Dalby , Kolpen Mette , Bestle Morten H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It can be a clinical challenge to distinguish inflammation from infection in critically ill patients. Therefore, valid and conclusive surrogate markers for infections are desired. Nitric oxide (NO) might be that marker since concentrations of exhaled NO have shown to change in the presence of various diseases. This observational, prospective, single-center feasibility study aimed to investigate if fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) can be measured in intubated patients with or without infection, pneumonia and septic shock in a standardized, reliable setting. 20 intubated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) were included for analysis. FeNO mean values were measured in the endotracheal tube via the suction channel using a chemiluminescence based analyzer. We developed a pragmatic method to measure FeNO repeatedly and reliably in intubated patients using a chemiluminescence based analyzer. We found a median of 0.98 (0.59–1.44) FeNO mean (ppb) in exhaled breath from all 20 intubated patient. Intubated patient with suspected infection had a significantly lower median FeNO mean compared with the intubated patients without suspected infection. Similarly did patients with septic shock demonstrate a significantly lower median FeNO mean than without septic shock. We found no statistical difference in median FeNO mean for intubated patients with pneumonia. It was feasible to measure FeNO in intubated patients in the ICU. Our results indicate decreased levels of FeNO in infected intubated patients in the ICU. The study was not powered to provide firm conclusions, so larger trials are needed to confirm the results and to prove FeNO as a useful biomarker for distinguishment between infection and inflammation in the ICU.
Improving quantum state transfer: correcting non-Markovian and distortion effects
Authors: Peñas Guillermo F , Puebla Ricardo , José García-Ripoll Juan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Quantum state transfer is a key operation for quantum information processing. The original pitch-and-catch protocols rely on flying qubits or single photons with engineered wavepacket shapes to achieve a deterministic, fast and high-fidelity transfer. Yet, these protocols overlook two important factors, namely, the distortion of the wavepacket during the propagation and non-Markovian effects during the emission and reabsorption processes due to time-dependent controls. Here we address both difficulties in a general quantum-optical model and propose a correction strategy to improve quantum state transfer protocols. Including non-Markovian effects in our theoretical description, we show how to derive control pulses that imprint phases on the wavepacket that compensate the distortion caused by propagation. Our theoretical results are supported by detailed numerical simulations showing that a suitable correction strategy can improve state transfer fidelities up to three orders of magnitude.
Theory-based Trial to Promote Uptake and Sustained Use of Face Coverings During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Armitage Christopher J , Keyworth Chris , Gartland Nicola , Coleman Anna , Fishwick David , Johnson Sheena , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Transmission of airborne viruses can be mitigated by wearing face coverings but evidence suggests that face covering declines with the removal of relevant legislation, partly due to low automatic motivation.

Purpose
Test whether an intervention based on implementation intentions could support people’s automatic motivation and promote face covering during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Randomized controlled design. At baseline (May 20 to June 6, 2022), 7,835 UK adults reported how much time they spent wearing face coverings in work, public transport, and indoor leisure settings as well as their capabilities, opportunities, and motivations. 3,871 participants were randomized to form implementation intentions; 3,964 control participants completed questionnaires only. Measures were repeated 6 months postbaseline (November 1 to November 14, 2022). Data were analyzed using mixed measures ANOVAs and Bayes Factors to examine whether the observed data supported the experimental hypothesis.

Results
The proportion of time spend wearing face coverings declined substantially across the 6-month study period, from 15.28% to 9.87% in work settings, 38.31% to 24.55% on public transport, and 9.58% to 7.85% in leisure settings. Bayes Factors indicated moderate relative evidence of no effect of implementation intentions on behavior in work and leisure settings, and inconclusive evidence of a positive effect on public transport.

Conclusions
In the context of declining COVID-19 rates and removal of legal mandates, implementation intentions were not effective in sustaining face covering. Further research is required to ensure that evidence-based interventions are prepared and deployed in the event of future pandemics.
TikTok in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Its Uses
Authors: Zargaran Alexander , Sousi Sara , Zargaran David , Mosahebi Afshin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

TikTok (San Jose, CA) is a popular and rapidly growing social media platform. With beauty and skincare among the top 5 most popular categories, TikTok represents an important platform for plastic surgery education and communication. However, given the vast array of content shared daily, regulating content for veracity is challenging. It may also be an important and potentially overlooked avenue for the dissemination of inaccurate information pertaining to plastic surgery. This systematic review evaluates TikTok's impact on plastic surgery. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Guidelines, a systematic literature review was performed of the use of TikTok within the plastic surgery field. The following databases were queried: PubMed (National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD), EMBASE (Elsevier; Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and PsychInfo (American Psychological Association; Washington, DC). The search captured 31 studies of which 7 were included in the final analysis. The studies examined the following areas: gender-affirming surgery (n = 1), breast reconstruction (n = 1), aesthetic surgical procedures (n = 1), plastic surgeon profiles (n = 1), and profiles of videos relating to plastic surgery hashtags (n = 3). The videos’ quality was assessed using the DISCERN scale. Physician videos scored notably higher than nonphysician videos. The mean DISCERN score across all the videos (n = 386) was 1.91 (range: 1.44-3.00), indicating poor quality. TikTok is a popular medium for sharing plastic surgery content. The existing literature has demonstrated overall poor-quality information on plastic surgery, and further study is needed to evaluate its impact in terms of perceptions of the specialty and healthcare behaviors. Future work should focus on promoting accurate, high-quality videos, potentially including a peer-review function for healthcare content. This can leverage TikTok's potential for disseminating content while upholding patient safety.

Level of Evidence: 3
Criminology and Propaganda Studies: Charting New Horizons in Criminological Thought
Authors: Drake Deborah H , Walters Reece , Wood Mark , Koumouris Greg 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Criminology and propaganda studies have both substantially influenced political, public and commercial thought yet not as a co-ordinated, embedded twine. Propaganda studies identify how narratives are constructed, conveyed and embedded within public and political discourses. To enhance existing debates, this article stirs the criminological cauldron with critical insights from propaganda analyses. Criminology is an evolving crucible, a gravitational black hole that imbues, harnesses and inculcates diverse perspectives in the pursuit of originality, criticality and creativity. By drawing on historical and contemporary propaganda scholarship we aim to enrich criminological theory, policy and practice. Our intention is not to critique, supplant or subvert existing criminological discourse but to invigorate it with the proponents, and prospects of propaganda studies.
The aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) acquires chloroplast DNA during feeding on host plants
Authors: Byrd Dawson , Tran Mona , Kenney Jaimie R , Wilson-Rankin Erin E , Mauck Kerry E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) extract nutrients from host plant phloem via stylets that facilitate salivation and sap uptake. When navigating to the phloem, aphids periodically puncture nonvascular cells and sample cell contents, but rarely cause significant cell damage. As a result, aphids are considered “stealthy” feeders. In contrast, insects that do cause damage, such as chewing herbivores, will take up host cell contents—including DNA—into their guts. Researchers can use molecular barcoding methods to identify recent host use patterns of chewing herbivores. This information is valuable for both pest management and basic ecological studies. Because of their stealthy feeding style, it was assumed that host plant DNA could not be recovered from aphids and other Sternorrhyncha. However, several recent studies document host plant DNA uptake by psyllids, which feed in a similar manner to aphids. Therefore, we hypothesized that aphids may also acquire DNA from host plants. Since aphids puncture and sample cytosol contents from cells, we predicted that aphids would be most likely to acquire DNA from chloroplasts. To test this, we performed host feeding and host transfer experiments with Myzus persicae (Sulzer), then used PCR to recover and sequence a region between the trnT and trnF genes from acquired chloroplast DNA. We found that M. persicae readily acquires chloroplast DNA, even prior to phloem contact, and that fragment sizes sufficient for host plant identification can be recovered. Our work suggests that molecular gut content analysis is a viable tool for studying aphid–host interactions.