bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron deficiency in pulmonary vascular disease: pathophysiological and clinical implications
Authors: Martens Pieter , Yu Shilin , Larive Brett , Borlaug Barry A , Erzurum Serpil C , Farha Samar , Finet J Emanuel , Grunig Gabriele , Hemnes Anna R , Hill Nicholas S , Horn Evelyn M , Jacob Miriam , Kwon Deborah H , Park Margaret M , Rischard Franz P , Rosenzweig Erika B , Wilcox Jennifer D , Tang Wai Hong Wilson ,   the PVDOMICS Study Group
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
Iron deficiency is common in pulmonary hypertension, but its clinical significance and optimal definition remain unclear.

Methods and results
Phenotypic data for 1028 patients enrolled in the Redefining Pulmonary Hypertension through Pulmonary Vascular Disease Phenomics study were analyzed. Iron deficiency was defined using the conventional heart failure definition and also based upon optimal cut-points associated with impaired peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2), 6-min walk test distance, and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) scores. The relationships between iron deficiency and cardiac and pulmonary vascular function and structure and outcomes were assessed. The heart failure definition of iron deficiency endorsed by pulmonary hypertension guidelines did not identify patients with reduced peakVO2, 6-min walk test, and SF-36 (P &gt; 0.208 for all), but defining iron deficiency as transferrin saturation (TSAT) &lt;21% did. Compared to those with TSAT ≥21%, patients with TSAT &lt;21% demonstrated lower peakVO2 [absolute difference: −1.89 (−2.73 to −1.04) mL/kg/min], 6-min walk test distance [absolute difference: −34 (−51 to −17) m], and SF-36 physical component score [absolute difference: −2.5 (−1.3 to −3.8)] after adjusting for age, sex, and hemoglobin (all P &lt; 0.001). Patients with a TSAT &lt;21% had more right ventricular remodeling on cardiac magnetic resonance but similar pulmonary vascular resistance on catheterization. Transferrin saturation &lt;21% was also associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.13–2.34; P = 0.009) after adjusting for sex, age, hemoglobin, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

Conclusion
The definition of iron deficiency in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) pulmonary hypertension guidelines does not identify patients with lower exercise capacity or functional status, while a definition of TSAT &lt;21% identifies patients with lower exercise capacity, worse functional status, right heart remodeling, and adverse clinical outcomes.
Lifelong endurance exercise and its relation with coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: De Bosscher Ruben , Dausin Christophe , Claus Piet , Bogaert Jan , Dymarkowski Steven , Goetschalckx Kaatje , Ghekiere Olivier , Van De Heyning Caroline M , Van Herck Paul , Paelinck Bernard , Addouli Haroun El , La Gerche André , Herbots Lieven , Willems Rik , Heidbuchel Hein , Claessen Guido 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
The impact of long-term endurance sport participation (on top of a healthy lifestyle) on coronary atherosclerosis and acute cardiac events remains controversial.

Methods and results
The Master@Heart study is a well-balanced prospective observational cohort study. Overall, 191 lifelong master endurance athletes, 191 late-onset athletes (endurance sports initiation after 30 years of age), and 176 healthy non-athletes, all male with a low cardiovascular risk profile, were included. Peak oxygen uptake quantified fitness. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of coronary plaques (calcified, mixed, and non-calcified) on computed tomography coronary angiography. Analyses were corrected for multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The median age was 55 (50–60) years in all groups. Lifelong and late-onset athletes had higher peak oxygen uptake than non-athletes [159 (143–177) vs. 155 (138–169) vs. 122 (108–138) % predicted]. Lifelong endurance sports was associated with having ≥1 coronary plaque [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–2.94], ≥ 1 proximal plaque (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.24–3.11), ≥ 1 calcified plaques (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01–2.49), ≥ 1 calcified proximal plaque (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.28–3.35), ≥ 1 non-calcified plaque (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.12–3.40), ≥ 1 non-calcified proximal plaque (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.39–5.65), and ≥1 mixed plaque (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.06–2.99) as compared to a healthy non-athletic lifestyle.

Conclusion
Lifelong endurance sport participation is not associated with a more favourable coronary plaque composition compared to a healthy lifestyle. Lifelong endurance athletes had more coronary plaques, including more non-calcified plaques in proximal segments, than fit and healthy individuals with a similarly low cardiovascular risk profile. Longitudinal research is needed to reconcile these findings with the risk of cardiovascular events at the higher end of the endurance exercise spectrum.
An artificial intelligence–based model for prediction of atrial fibrillation from single-lead sinus rhythm electrocardiograms facilitating screening
Authors: Hygrell Tove , Viberg Fredrik , Dahlberg Erik , Charlton Peter H , Kemp Gudmundsdottir Katrin , Mant Jonathan , Hörnlund Josef Lindman , Svennberg Emma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsScreening for atrial fibrillation (AF) is recommended in the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Yields of detection can be low due to the paroxysmal nature of the disease. Prolonged heart rhythm monitoring might be needed to increase yield but can be cumbersome and expensive. The aim of this study was to observe the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based network to predict paroxysmal AF from a normal sinus rhythm single-lead ECG.Methods and resultsA convolutional neural network model was trained and evaluated using data from three AF screening studies. A total of 478 963 single-lead ECGs from 14 831 patients aged ≥65 years were included in the analysis. The training set included ECGs from 80% of participants in SAFER and STROKESTOP II. The remaining ECGs from 20% of participants in SAFER and STROKESTOP II together with all participants in STROKESTOP I were included in the test set. The accuracy was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). From a single timepoint ECG, the artificial intelligence–based algorithm predicted paroxysmal AF in the SAFER study with an AUC of 0.80 [confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.83], which had a wide age range of 65–90+ years. Performance was lower in the age-homogenous groups in STROKESTOP I and STROKESTOP II (age range: 75–76 years), with AUCs of 0.62 (CI 0.61–0.64) and 0.62 (CI 0.58–0.65), respectively.ConclusionAn artificial intelligence–enabled network has the ability to predict AF from a sinus rhythm single-lead ECG. Performance improves with a wider age distribution.
Combination of an implantable defibrillator multi-sensor heart failure index and an apnea index for the prediction of atrial high-rate events
Authors: Bertini Matteo , Vitali Francesco , D’Onofrio Antonio , Vitulano Gennaro , Calò Leonardo , Savarese Gianluca , Santobuono Vincenzo Ezio , Dello Russo Antonio , Mattera Agostino , Santoro Amato , Calvanese Raimondo , Arena Giuseppe , Amellone Claudia , Ziacchi Matteo , Palmisano Pietro , Santini Luca , Mazza Andrea , Campari Monica , Valsecchi Sergio , Boriani Giuseppe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsPatients with atrial fibrillation frequently experience sleep disorder breathing, and both conditions are highly prevalent in presence of heart failure (HF). We explored the association between the combination of an HF and a sleep apnoea (SA) index and the incidence of atrial high-rate events (AHRE) in patients with implantable defibrillators (ICDs).Methods and resultsData were prospectively collected from 411 consecutive HF patients with ICD. The IN-alert HF state was measured by the multi-sensor HeartLogic Index (&gt;16), and the ICD-measured Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) was computed to identify severe SA. The endpoints were as follows: daily AHRE burden of ≥5 min, ≥6 h, and ≥23 h. During a median follow-up of 26 months, the time IN-alert HF state was 13% of the total observation period. The RDI value was ≥30 episodes/h (severe SA) during 58% of the observation period. An AHRE burden of ≥5 min/day was documented in 139 (34%) patients, ≥6 h/day in 89 (22%) patients, and ≥23 h/day in 68 (17%) patients. The IN-alert HF state was independently associated with AHRE regardless of the daily burden threshold: hazard ratios from 2.17 for ≥5 min/day to 3.43 for ≥23 h/day (P &lt; 0.01). An RDI ≥ 30 episodes/h was associated only with AHRE burden ≥5 min/day [hazard ratio 1.55 (95% confidence interval: 1.11–2.16), P = 0.001]. The combination of IN-alert HF state and RDI ≥ 30 episodes/h accounted for only 6% of the follow-up period and was associated with high rates of AHRE occurrence (from 28 events/100 patient-years for AHRE burden ≥5 min/day to 22 events/100 patient-years for AHRE burden ≥23 h/day).ConclusionsIn HF patients, the occurrence of AHRE is independently associated with the ICD-measured IN-alert HF state and RDI ≥ 30 episodes/h. The coexistence of these two conditions occurs rarely but is associated with a very high rate of AHRE occurrence.Clinical trial registrationURL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/Identifier: NCT02275637.
A targeted genetic modifier screen in Drosophila uncovers vulnerabilities in a genetically complex model of colon cancer
Authors: Datta Ishwaree , Vassel Tajah , Linkous Benjamin , Odum Tyler , Drew Christian , Taylor Andrew , Bangi Erdem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Received on 16 January 2023; accepted on 21 February 2023Kinases are key regulators of cellular signal transduction pathways. Many diseases, including cancer, are associated with global alterations in protein phosphorylation networks. As a result, kinases are frequent targets of drug discovery efforts. However, target identification and assessment, a critical step in targeted drug discovery that involves identifying essential genetic mediators of disease phenotypes, can be challenging in complex, heterogeneous diseases like cancer, where multiple concurrent genomic alterations are common. Drosophila is a particularly useful genetic model system to identify novel regulators of biological processes through unbiased genetic screens. Here, we report 2 classic genetic modifier screens focusing on the Drosophila kinome to identify kinase regulators in 2 different backgrounds: KRAS TP53 PTEN APC, a multigenic cancer model that targets 4 genes recurrently mutated in human colon tumors and KRAS alone, a simpler model that targets one of the most frequently altered pathways in cancer. These screens identified hits unique to each model and one shared by both, emphasizing the importance of capturing the genetic complexity of human tumor genome landscapes in experimental models. Our follow-up analysis of 2 hits from the KRAS-only screen suggests that classical genetic modifier screens in heterozygous mutant backgrounds that result in a modest, nonlethal reduction in candidate gene activity in the context of a whole animal—a key goal of systemic drug treatment—may be a particularly useful approach to identify the most rate-limiting genetic vulnerabilities in disease models as ideal candidate drug targets.
Social Media Use May Not Be As Bad As Some Suggest: Implication for Older Adults
Authors: Cotten Shelia R , Ghaiumy Anaraky Reza , Schuster Amy M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Social media use (SMU) has increased over the past decade among older adults. Cross-sectional studies report SMU is related to negative mental health outcomes (i.e., depression). Given depression is the most common mental health issue for older adults and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality, determining longitudinally whether SMU is related to increased depression is critical. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between SMU and depression.

Research Design and Methods
Data from 6 waves (2015–20) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) were analyzed. Participants included a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults, aged 65 years and older (N = 7,057). We used a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Modeling (RI-CLPM) framework to examine the relationship between primary outcomes of SMU and depression symptoms.

Results
No pattern was found of SMU predicting depression symptoms, or depression symptoms predicting SMU. The major driver of SMU in each wave was SMU in the previous wave. On average, our model accounted for 3.03% of the variance in SMU. The major predictor of depression in each wave was the pre-existing depression. Our model accounted for an average of 22.81% of the variance in depressive symptoms.

Discussion and Implications
The results suggest that SMU and depressive symptoms are driven by the previous patterns of SMU and depression, respectively. We did not find any patterns of SMU and depression influencing each other. NHATS measures SMU with a binary instrument. Future longitudinal research should employ measures that account for SMU duration, type, and purpose. These findings suggest that SMU may not be related to negative health outcomes, in this case, depression, for older adults.
Setting thresholds for good ecosystem state in marine seabed systems and beyond
Authors: Hiddink J G , Valanko S , Delargy A J , van Denderen P D 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the aims of environmental management is to achieve good ecosystem state. Assessing the state needs to be informed by thresholds above which state is defined as “good” for both the quality that defines good state, and the extent of the habitat that needs to be in such a quality. Operationalizing such thresholds has been carried out using a wide variety of approaches, with, often, haphazard and subjective outcomes. Here, we review approaches for setting “good-state” thresholds and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses for application to marine seabed ecosystems. Only two approaches defined a current ecologically meaningful good state and estimated thresholds quantitatively from data, while two other approaches (“avoid collapse” and “allow recovery”) would result in a state that could recover to good in the future. Other methods were subjective in the choice of threshold or based on statistically detectable thresholds rather than thresholds between good and not good or degraded state. We argue that the most objective method for setting a good-state threshold is based on maintaining the state within the range of natural variation in undisturbed systems. Preliminary time-series analyses of marine seabed community biomass suggest this threshold is located between 54 and 79% of the undisturbed state.
Regularity analysis for SEEs with multiplicative fBms and strong convergence for a fully discrete scheme
Authors: Ding Xiao-Li , Wang Dehua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the open problems in the study of stochastic differential equations is regularity analysis and approximations to stochastic partial differential equations driven by multiplicative fractional Brownian motions (fBms), especially for the case $H\in (0,\frac {1}{2})$. In this paper, we address this problem by considering a class of stochastic evolution equations (SEEs) driven by multiplicative fBms. We analyze the well-posedness and regularity of mild solutions to such equations with $H\in (0,\frac {1}{2})$ and $H\in (\frac {1}{2},1)$ under the Lipschitz conditions and linear growth conditions. The two cases are treated separately. Compared with the standard Brownian motion case, the main difficulty is that fBm is neither a Markov process nor a semimartingale such that some classical stochastic calculus theories are unavailable. As a consequence, we need to explore some new strategies to complete the existence and uniqueness and regularity analysis of the solutions. Especially for the case $H\in (0,\frac {1}{2})$, we utilize some delicate techniques to overcome the difficulties from the singularity of the covariance of fBms. In addition, we give a fully discrete scheme for such equations, carried out by the spectral Galerkin method in space and a time-stepping method in time. The obtained regularity results of the equations help us to examine the strong convergence of the discrete scheme. In final, several numerical examples are done to substantiate the theoretical findings.
(0,2) Mirror Symmetry on Homogeneous Hopf Surfaces
Authors: Álvarez-Cónsul Luis , De Arriba De La Hera Andoni , Garcia-Fernandez Mario 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, we find the first examples of (0,2) mirror symmetry on compact non-Kähler complex manifolds. For this, we follow Borisov’s approach to mirror symmetry using vertex algebras and the chiral de Rham complex. Our examples of (0,2) mirrors are given by pairs of Hopf surfaces endowed with a Bismut-flat pluriclosed metric. Requiring that the geometry is homogeneous, we reduce the problem to the study of Killing spinors on a quadratic Lie algebra and the construction of embeddings of the $N=2$ superconformal vertex algebra in the superaffine vertex algebra, combined with topological T-duality.
Piperacillin/tazobactam versus cefepime or carbapenems for cefoxitin-non-susceptibleEnterobacter cloacae,Klebsiella aerogenes,Citrobacter freundii,Serratia marcescensandMorganella morganiibacteraemia in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Lu Brian , Wong Miranda , Ha David , Bounthavong Mark , Banaei Niaz , Deresinski Stanley , Diep Calvin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe role of piperacillin/tazobactam for treatment of serious infections due to AmpC-producing organisms remains debatable, particularly in immunocompromised patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in immunocompromised patients that investigated the effect of definitive treatment with either piperacillin/tazobactam versus cefepime or carbapenems for bacteraemia caused by cefoxitin-non-susceptible Enterobacterales. The primary endpoint was a composite of clinical and microbiological failure. A logistic regression model was constructed to assess the impact of definitive treatment choice on the primary endpoint.ResultsA total of 81 immunocompromised patients with blood cultures positive for cefoxitin-non-susceptible Enterobacterales were included for analysis. There was more microbiological failure in the piperacillin/tazobactam arm compared with the cefepime/carbapenem arm (11.4% versus 0.0%, P = 0.019). Definitive treatment with cefepime or a carbapenem was associated with a decreased odds of clinical or microbiological failure (OR 0.303, 95% CI 0.093–0.991, P = 0.048) when controlling for baseline characteristics.ConclusionsIn immunocompromised patients with bacteraemia due to cefoxitin-non-susceptible Enterobacterales, definitive treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam was associated with an increased risk of microbiological failure and higher odds of clinical or microbiological failure compared with cefepime or carbapenems.
Comparing efficacy and safety of high-dose and standard-dose rifampicin in the treatment of brucellosis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Farbod Farnaz , Khalili Hossein , Rahmani Hamid , Jafari Sirous , Abbasi Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn a few studies, higher doses of rifampicin improved the outcome of patients with TB. There is no information regarding efficacy and safety of higher doses of rifampicin in patients with brucellosis.ObjectivesTo compare efficacy and safety of higher and standard doses of rifampicin, each with doxycycline, in the treatment of patients with brucellosis.MethodsWithin a randomized clinical trial, clinical response and adverse events of high-dose rifampicin (900–1200 mg/day) plus doxycycline 100 mg twice daily were compared with standard-dose rifampicin (600 mg/day) plus doxycycline 100 mg twice daily in 120 patients with brucellosis.ResultsClinical response occurred in 57 (95%) of patients in the high-dose group and 49 (81.66%) of patients in the standard-dose group (P = 0.04). The most common adverse events of the treatment were nausea (37.5%), skin rash (13.33%), vomiting (10%) and transaminitis (7.22%). Incidence of these events was comparable between the groups.ConclusionsThe rate of clinical response in patients with brucellosis who were treated with high-dose rifampicin plus standard-dose doxycycline was significantly higher than in the patients who received the standard doses of rifampicin and doxycycline, without further adverse events. The high-dose rifampicin therefore improved clinical response in patients with brucellosis with a similar safety profile to the standard dose. If these findings are confirmed in future studies, higher doses of rifampicin may be recommended for treatment of patients with brucellosis.
Understanding pediatric long COVID using a tree-based scan statistic approach: an EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER Program
Authors: Lorman Vitaly , Rao Suchitra , Jhaveri Ravi , Case Abigail , Mejias Asuncion , Pajor Nathan M , Patel Payal , Thacker Deepika , Bose-Brill Seuli , Block Jason , Hanley Patrick C , Prahalad Priya , Chen Yong , Forrest Christopher B , Bailey L Charles , Lee Grace M , Razzaghi Hanieh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesPost-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is not well defined in pediatrics given its heterogeneity of presentation and severity in this population. The aim of this study is to use novel methods that rely on data mining approaches rather than clinical experience to detect conditions and symptoms associated with pediatric PASC.Materials and MethodsWe used a propensity-matched cohort design comparing children identified using the new PASC ICD10CM diagnosis code (U09.9) (N = 1309) to children with (N = 6545) and without (N = 6545) SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used a tree-based scan statistic to identify potential condition clusters co-occurring more frequently in cases than controls.ResultsWe found significant enrichment among children with PASC in cardiac, respiratory, neurologic, psychological, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems, the most significant related to circulatory and respiratory such as dyspnea, difficulty breathing, and fatigue and malaise.DiscussionOur study addresses methodological limitations of prior studies that rely on prespecified clusters of potential PASC-associated diagnoses driven by clinician experience. Future studies are needed to identify patterns of diagnoses and their associations to derive clinical phenotypes.ConclusionWe identified multiple conditions and body systems associated with pediatric PASC. Because we rely on a data-driven approach, several new or under-reported conditions and symptoms were detected that warrant further investigation.
Artificial Intelligence in Breast Imaging: Challenges of Integration Into Clinical Practice
Authors: Ozcan B Bersu , Patel Bhavika K , Banerjee Imon , Dogan Basak E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) in breast imaging is a rapidly developing field with promising results. Despite the large number of recent publications in this field, unanswered questions have led to limited implementation of AI into daily clinical practice for breast radiologists. This paper provides an overview of the key limitations of AI in breast imaging including, but not limited to, limited numbers of FDA-approved algorithms and annotated data sets with histologic ground truth; concerns surrounding data privacy, security, algorithm transparency, and bias; and ethical issues. Ultimately, the successful implementation of AI into clinical care will require thoughtful action to address these challenges, transparency, and sharing of AI implementation workflows, limitations, and performance metrics within the breast imaging community and other end-users.
A9 INTESTINAL ORGANOID TRANSPLANTATION REVERSED THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM DAMAGE IN EXPERIMENTAL NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS
Authors: Li B , Lee C , Cadete M , Lee D , Zhu H , Sherman P , Pierro A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
NOT PUBLISHED AT AUTHOR’S REQUEST

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Disclosure of Interest
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