bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating and Improving Classical and Design Code's Bearing Capacity Methods based on Finite Element and Regression Analysis: A focus on Depth Factors
Authors: Pantelidis Lysandros 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Since Terzaghi introduced his bearing capacity equation with the three N-factors in 1943, numerous bearing capacity methods have been proposed in the literature. However, the methods proposed by Terzaghi (T), Meyerhof (M), Hansen (H) and Vesic (V) are the most widely adopted. Also, while various design codes show a preference for Vesic’s N-factors, there is no consensus on depth factors. In this paper, the aforementioned four classical methods, as well as the methods included in EN1997-1:2004, prEN1997-3:2023 (draft standard), API, AASHTO, Geotechnical Engineering Office, IS6483:1981 and FHWA-SA-02-054 design standards are compared against finite elements. The focus is on the effectiveness of depth factors, which essentially account for errors associated with analytical modeling, that is, with the N-factors. The analysis reveals that for the case of effective stress analysis with ψ=φ (indicating soils adhering to the associated flow rule), IS6483:1981 provides the more satisfactory predictions (IS6483:1981 combines Vesic’s N-factors with Meyerhof’s depth factors). For the case of total stress analysis, Meyerhof’s method is superior to the other methods. Also for the case of effective stress analysis but for the ψ=0 case (indicating soils adhering to the non-associated flow rule), the AASHTO (and FHWA as well) approach is preferable; AASHTO uses Hansen’s d_q factor, while d_c=d_γ=1. Based on the aforementioned lack of consensus and on the fact that the rigidity of footings is an additional factor influencing bearing capacity, the author conducted extensive finite element analysis to identify suitable depth factors. The analysis clearly shows that, a single depth factor of the form (κ+λ∙D_f⁄B) can effectively replace the set of depth factors associated with the three bearing capacity equation terms, increasing accuracy, and simplifying the whole procedure. Based on the finite element analysis results and regression analysis, κ and λ values are proposed for both effective and total stress analysis, ψ=φ and 0, as well as for rigid and flexible footings for the four classical methods (T, M, H and V). Finally, the analysis also reveals that a strong relationship exists between the bearing capacity of rigid footings and the respective one of flexible footings. This is q_(u,Flexible)≈0.93q_(u,Rigid) for either effective stress analysis with ψ=φ or total stress analysis and q_(u,Flexible)≈q_(u,Rigid) for effective stress analysis with ψ=0.
Review on goat mastitis and associated bacterial zoonoses in raw milk from Mastitis infected dairy goat
Authors: Bedruddin Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Goat milk has medicinal value for children and contributes much more for the wellbeing of human baby. Goat milk provides more nutritional value than dairy cow’s milk. Despite the large number of goats and their contributions to the livelihood of the farmers, goat productivity is low due to prevalence of different diseases. One of the major diseases that affect the dairy goats is mastitis. Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, caused by over 150 different contagious or environmental micro‑organisms. Mastitis in goats constitutes an enormous animal health problem. In addition to causing health problems, inflammation of the mammary glands can also cause poor quality of milk. Milk produced by goats with mastitis presents a serious risk in terms of public health as it can be linked to milk-borne diseases for humans. Raw milk from Mastitis infected goat is usually colonized by a variety of many zoonotic pathogens such as enterohaemorragic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium bovis. These pathogens in milk have been linked to mastitis milk. These zoonotic organisms may lead to health problems in the human population such as tuberculosis (TB), brucellosis, haemorrhagic enteritis, salmonellosis and food poisoning. Transmission of pathogens from animals to humans can occur via consumption of milk, especially when these products are consumed raw.
Is ChatGPT Humanly Irrational?
Authors: Ma Ding , Zhang Tongda , Saunders Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We delve into the fascinating crossroads of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science, spotlighting the OpenAI advanced language model, ChatGPT. Renowned for generating human-like text, ChatGPT has been widely used in various applications. However, its ability to replicate human cognitive processes, particularly decision-making behavior, remains largely unexplored and untapped. We evaluate ChatGPT's decision-making patterns and show that they strikingly mirror those of human subjects, even patterns traditionally termed ''irrational'' under standard economic theory. This finding challenges the prevailing assumption that AI systems operate solely on rational computations. It suggests that, despite its algorithmic nature, ChatGPT can reflect human cognitive biases when simulating human roles, thus adding a new dimension to our understanding of AI behaviour. Our result places AI models like ChatGPT in a broader context of cognitive science, indicating their potential to mimic not just human language but also human cognitive processes. From a broader perspective, our findings underscore the capacity of AI in behavioral research and stimulate a necessary dialogue on AI design, transparency, and ethical implications. Our study bridges human and machine intelligence, highlighting the potential of AI to enhance our understanding of decision-making processes in artificial agents.
Identification of the CONSTANS-like Family in Cymbidium sinense, and their Functional Characterization
Authors: Lu Youfa , Li Tengji , Zhao Xiaolan , Wang Mingjun , Huang Jiexian , Huang Ziqin , Silva Jaime A. Teixeira , Duan Jun , Si Can , Zhang Jianxia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Cymbidium sinense is an orchid that is typically used as a potted plant, given its high-grade ornamental characteristics, and is most frequently distributed in China and SE Asia. The inability to strictly regulate flowering in this economically important potted and cut-flower orchid is a bottleneck that limits its industrial development. Studies on C. sinense flowering time genes would help to elucidate the mechanism regulating flowering. There are very few studies on the genetic regulation of flowering pathways in C. sinense. Photoperiod significantly affects the flowering of C. sinense, but it was unknown how the CO gene family is involved in regulating flowering.
Results
In this study, eight CONSTANS-like genes were identified and cloned. They were divided into three groups based on a phylogenetic analysis. Five representative CsCOL genes (CsCOL3/4/6/8/9) were selected from the three groups to perform expression characterization and functional study. CsCOL3/4/6/8/9 are nucleus-localized proteins, and all five CsCOL genes were expressed in all organs, mainly in leaves followed by sepals. The expression levels of CsCOL3/4 (group I) were higher in all organs than the other CsCOL genes. Developmental stage specific expression revealed that the expression of CsCOL3/4/9 peaked at the initial flowering stage. In contrast, the transcript level of CsCOL6/8 was highest at the pedicel development stage. Photoperiodic experiments demonstrated that the transcripts of the five CsCOL genes exhibited distinct diurnal rhythms. Under LD conditions, the overexpression of CsCOL3/4 promoted early flowering, and CsCOL6 had little effect on flowering time, whereas CsCOL8 delayed flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana. However, under SD conditions, overexpression of CsCOL4/6/8 promoted early flowering and the rosette leaves growth, and CsCOL3 induced flower bud formation in transgenic Arabidopsis.
Conclusion
The phylogenetic analysis, temporal and spatial expression patterns, photoperiodic rhythms and functional study indicate that CsCOL family members in C. sinense were involved in growth, development and flowering regulation through different photoperiodic pathway. The results will be useful for future research on mechanisms pertaining to photoperiod-dependent flowering, and will also facilitate genetic engineering-based research that uses Cymbidium flowering time genes
Identification of Strong Motion Record Baseline Drift Based on Bayesian Optimized Transformer Network
Authors: Zhou Baofeng , Yin Yue , Wang Maofa , Zhang Runjie , Zhang Yue , Guo Wenheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Research in earthquake engineering heavily relies on strong motion observation. The quality of strong motion records directly affects the reliability of earthquake disaster prevention, rapid reporting of seismic magnitude, earthquake early warning, and other areas. Currently, the quality assurance of strong motion records often relies on basic methods such as zero-line adjustment and high-pass filtering. However, these methods often fail to satisfactorily identify and handle abnormal waveforms present in strong motion records, and their efficiency is relatively low. In this paper, a Bayesian-optimized Transformer-based approach is proposed to improve the identification of baseline drift anomalies in strong motion records. By partitioning the strong motion record data from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, China, into two categories: high-quality records (with minimal baseline drift) and low-quality records (with significant baseline drift), we extracted data with distinct features and inputted them into the proposed model for training. Finally, the model was used to predict whether strong motion records exhibited baseline drift abnormalities. The experimental results show that after performing Bayesian optimization on the parameters of the Transformer model, this method achieves an accuracy of over 85% in baseline drift identification. It is capable of efficiently identifying a large volume of strong motion records with baseline drift within a short period of time. The model performs well in the task of classifying baseline drift in strong motion records and can be used for subsequent identification of abnormalities after baseline drift correction, enabling automation in handling baseline drift abnormal data.
A comparison of keratoconus progression following collagen cross-linkage using standard or personalised keratometry thresholds
Authors: Tuft Stephen , Li Ji-Peng , Maile Howard , Bunce Catey , Kandakji Lynn , Leucci Marcello , Allan Bruce , Pontikos Nikolas , Gore Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective: To define how estimates of keratoconus progression following collagen cross-linking (CXL) vary according to the parameter used to identify changes in corneal shape.
Materials and Methods: We estimated progression following CXL in 1677 eyes. We compared standard definitions of keratoconus progression based on published thresholds for Kmax, front K2, or back K2, or progression of any two of these three parameters, with the option of an increased threshold for Kmax values ≥55D. We excluded corneal thickness from the main analysis as this reduces unpredictably after CXL. We repeated the analysis using novel adaptive estimates of progression for Kmax, front K2, or back K2, developed separately from 6463 paired readings from keratoconus eyes, with a variation of the Bland-Altman method to determine the 95% regression-based limits of agreement (LoA). We created Kaplan-Meier survival plots for both standard and adaptive thresholds. The primary outcome was keratoconus progression five years after a baseline visit 9-15 months following CXL.
Results: Rates of progression were 8% with a standard (≥1.5D) threshold for K2, or 6% with the static multi-parameter definition. With a ≥1D threshold for Kmax, the progression was significantly higher at 29%. With adaptive Kmax or K2 measurements the progression rates were similar (20%), but less than with the adaptive multi-parameter method (22%).
Conclusions: Estimates of progression of keratoconus progression following CXL vary widely according to the reference criteria. Using new adaptive thresholds to define the repeatability of keratometry (LoA) gives estimates for progression markedly higher than the standard multi-parameter method.
Research on the flexural behaviors of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete beams with hybrid GFRP and steel bars
Authors: Wei Bingyan , He Xiongjun , Wu Weiwei , Wu Chao , He Jia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To study the flexural behaviors of glass fiber (GFRP) bars and steel bars hybrid reinforced polypropylene fiber concrete (Hybrid-PFRC) beams, one GFRP-PFRC beam, one Steel-PFRC beam, and five Hybrid-PFRC beams were designed and fabricated. The effects of the different area ratio (\({{{A_f}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{A_f}} {{A_s}}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {{A_s}}}\)) of GFRP to steel bars and polypropylene fiber (PP) volume fraction on the flexural behaviors of Hybrid-PFRC beams were investigated through experiments. The research results indicated that the Hybrid-PFRC beams’ load-deflection curves exhibited trilinear characteristics with specimen cracking and steel bars yielding as turning points. As \({{{A_f}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{A_f}} {{A_s}}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {{A_s}}}\) increased, the flexural bearing capacity of Hybrid-PFRC beams increased, the deflection decreased, the crack spacing and width decreased, and the ductility decreased. The addition of PP did not significantly improve the flexural bearing capacity and cracking moment of Hybrid-PFRC beams, but it greatly enhanced the ductility of the beam. Moreover, PP had good advantages in controlling crack propagation in the beam. The article also used the theoretical model to predict and analyze the flexural behaviors of Hybrid-PFRC beams. When predicting the maximum crack width of Hybrid-PFRC beams, it was recommended to have a bonding coefficient kb of 2.2.
Coping strategies used by patients with cervical cancer: An explorative qualitative study at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Ambikile Joel Seme , Msengi Emanueli Amosi , Chona Emmanuel Z. , Gosse Rashid A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged settings, including Tanzania. Being informed about a cervical cancer diagnosis is very stressful and triggers negative reactions in an individual. Various coping mechanisms may be employed to adapt to this condition, which may be adaptive or maladaptive and vary by race, socioeconomic status, and sociocultural group. Little is known about coping strategies employed by cervical cancer patients in Tanzania.
Methods
Using a purposeful sampling technique, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted at the Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam to explore coping strategies used by cervical cancer patients between December 2022 and January 2023. The thematic analysis method was used to analyse data.
Findings:
The major themes that emerged included problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, social support, religious coping, and escapism.
Conclusions
Patients with cervical cancer used various coping strategies to live with the disease. Although most of the coping strategies used were adaptive, some were maladaptive, implying the need for continued assessment to enhance adaptive coping.
Effects of SP-2509 and OG-L002 on lipophagy using target or off-target molecules in glycolysis-suppressed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Aoki Shigeki , Zhang Zhiheng , Aoki Haruna , Umezawa Keitaro , Kranrod Joshua , Miyazaki Natsumi , Oshima Taichi , Hirao Takuya , Miura Yuri , Seubert John , Ito Kousei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although increased aerobic glycolysis is common in cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can survive glycolysis suppression. We aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets in glycolysis-suppressed PDAC cells. By screening anticancer metabolic compounds, we identified SP-2509, a selective lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) 1 inhibitor. SP-2509 lowered the viability of three distinct human PDAC cell lines (PANC-1, PK-1, and KLM-1 cells) under glycolysis suppression. The effects of three other LSD1 inhibitors (OG-L002, iadademstat, and T-3775440) on PDAC cell viability were investigated; OG-L002, but not iadademstat or T-3775440, lowered PDAC cell viability under glycolysis suppression, similar to SP-2509. However, knockdown of LSD1/LSD2 failed to lower the viability of PDAC cells subjected to glycolysis suppression. SP-2509 and OG-L002 lowered PDAC cell viability even when given to cells which already been depleted of LSD-1, subjected to glycolysis suppression. Proteomic analyses implied that glucose-starvation causes PDAC cells to switch to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We observed that fatty acid metabolism is important for the survival of PDAC cells following the suppression of glycolysis. SP-2509 and OG-L002 promoted lipid droplet accumulation in PDAC cells under glycolysis suppression by inhibiting lipophagy. This indicates the significant potential of SP-2509 and OG-L002 to impair oncogenic cell proliferation through regulation of lipophagic fluxes. SP-2509 showed anti-tumor effects of PDAC in 2-DG-treated mice with lipid droplet accumulation and alteration of the tumor microenvironment. Hence, there is potentially new therapeutic strategies for PDAC in the presence of dual inhibition of glycolysis and fatty acids metabolism.
Evidence that deliberate marine cloud brightening can be more effective than previously thought
Authors: Chen Ying , Haywood Jim , Wang Yu , Malavelle Florent , Jordan George , Peace Amy , Partridge Daniel , Cho Nayeong , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Platnick Steven , Grosvenor Daniel , Field Paul , Allan Richard , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With global warming currently standing at approximately + 1.2 oC, climate change is a pressing global issue. Marine cloud brightening (MCB) proposes injecting aerosols into marine clouds to enhance their reflectivity and thereby planetary albedo. However, because it is unclear how aerosols influence clouds, especially cloud cover, both climate projections and the effectiveness of MCB remain uncertain. Here, we use volcanic eruptions to quantify the aerosol fingerprint on tropical marine clouds. We observe a large enhancement in reflected sunlight, mainly due to an aerosol-induced increase in cloud cover. This observational evidence of a strong aerosol impact suggests that the Earth’s climate is highly sensitive to external forcing mechanisms, but also that mitigation of global warming via MCB is more plausible than current climate models suggest. Our results suggest that the best efficacy for MCB practice is to seed clouds in humid and stable meteorological conditions.
Microbial community structural characteristics and associated relationships with environmental factors in different ecological habitats
Authors: Yang Songnan , Zhou Huiping , Pang Zhongzheng , Wang Yiqun , Chao Jianying 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aquatic ecological habitats are widely distributed and essential for the development of microorganisms, yet little is known about the community structures of prokaryotes and eukaryotes of periphytic biofilms under different habitats. The microbial community thus among five distinct ecological habitats were investigated in winter from 14 periphytic biofilms samples using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes sequencing, the relationships between microbial community and environmental factors were illustrated simultaneously. The results revealed that several dominant microorganisms within periphytic biofilms were Proteobacteria (42.56%), Bacteroidota (21.57%), Cyanobacteria (9.22%) and Verrucomicrobiota (9.18%) in prokaryotes, similar to the planktonic compositions. Whereas Bacillariophyta (29.64%), Chlorophyta (19.38%), Annelida (12.77%) and Ciliophora (9.17%) in eukaryotes were dominated. The prokaryotic biodiversity in natural periphyton was obviously higher than their corresponding water columns. Several specific genera such as Flavobacterium (20.67%), Luteolibacter (11.35%), Surirella, Gomphonema (9.44%) and Nais (7.81%) were enriched in the periphytic biofilms. Besides, the structural equation model indicated that TP, \({\text{N}\text{O}}_{3}^{-}-\text{N}\) and pH significantly affected the biomass. Further, pH, TP and TN significantly influenced microbial genera which mainly belonging to Proteobacteria and Chlorophyta phyla through network analysis and random forest analysis. Meanwhile, the network analysis potentially revealed higher stability and interconnection between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in periphytic biofilms. Microbial functional predictions types were not significantly differently distributed within varied habitats. These findings highlighted that microbial communities exhibited spatial ecological variations due to the joint influence of environmental variables. This study provided useful information for understanding the variations in prokaryotes and eukaryotes of periphytic biofilms among different ecological habitats.
Solar Power Plant Location Selection Problem by using ELECTRE-III Method in Pythagorean Neutrosophic Programming Approach (A case study on Green Energy in India)
Authors: Saini Rajesh Kumar , Ahirwar Ashik Ahirwar , Smarandache F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
India dropped its target of generating 500 GW of renewable energy capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. Its responsibilities to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC], and reducing carbon radiations by one billion tonnes by the end of the decade at the COP26 conference, held in Glasgow in November 2022.Researchers are continually searching for inexhaustible and reasonable energy sources. Solar energy is one of the greenest sources of energy and is also one of the cleanest. The most important factor in using solar energy is the location of the solar power plant. The main objective of this study is to find the best location for a new solar power plant in a specific region called Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh in India. Here we offer an extension of ELECTRE III method as two-phase Pythagorean neutrosophic elimination and choice translating reality (PN-ELECTRE-III) method to adapt with fuzzy, ambiguous, unsure, and indeterminate criteria. The Pythagorean neutrosophic numbers [PNNs] used by the group decision support system of PN-ELECTRE III to measure performance of the alternatives. The options are entirely outclassed in the subsequent stage in view of the past stage's evaluations of them. By defining PNNwe describe the technique of indifference threshold, preference threshold and veto threshold functions, which provide a more stable basis to drop outranking relations. By calculating the concordance credibility, discordance credibility and net credibility degrees of each alternative, the ranking module of the PN-ELECTRE III approach is made simpler. In order to confirm the applicability of the strategy suggested in this paper, the location selection problem for solar plants is finally solved.