bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the WWI Agricultural Boom and Bust on Female Opportunity Cost and Fertility
Authors: Kitchens Carl T , Rodgers Luke P 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing variation in crop prices induced by large swings in demand surrounding World War I, we examine the fertility response to crop revenue increases from 1910 to 1930. Our estimates indicate that agricultural price increases reduced fertility, explaining about 9% of the overall decline in fertility over the period. The effect persists years after the collapse of the war boom. Importantly, we show that fertility declines were concentrated in farm women and fertility declined along intensive and extensive margins. Combined, the pattern of estimates is consistent with agricultural women experiencing an increase in the opportunity cost of their time.
Toll-like receptor 2, hyaluronan, and neutrophils play a key role in plaque erosion: the OPTICO–ACS study
Authors: Meteva Denitsa , Vinci Ramona , Seppelt Claudio , Abdelwahed Youssef S , Pedicino Daniela , Nelles Gregor , Skurk Carsten , Haghikia Arash , Rauch-Kröhnert Ursula , Gerhardt Teresa , Straessler Elisabeth , Zhao Yingjie , Golla Felix , Joner Michael , Rai Himanshu , Kratzer Adelheid , Arnal Hector Giral , Liuzzo Giovanna , Klotsche Jens , Crea Filippo , Landmesser Ulf , Leistner David M , Kränkel Nicolle 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
In one-third of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), thrombosis occurs despite an intact fibrous cap (IFC) (IFC–ACS, ‘plaque erosion’). Recent studies emphasize neutrophils as the immediate inflammatory response in this pathology, but their exact molecular activation patterns are still poorly understood and may represent future therapeutic targets.

Methods and results
Thirty-two patients with IFC–ACS and matched patients with ACS with ruptured fibrous cap (RFC) (RFC–ACS) from the OPTICO–ACS study were included, and blood samples were collected from the local site of the culprit lesion and the systemic circulation. Neutrophil surface marker expression was quantified by flow cytometry. Neutrophil cytotoxicity towards endothelial cells was examined in an ex vivo co-culture assay. Secretion of active matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) by neutrophils was evaluated using zymography in supernatants and in plasma samples. Optical coherence tomography (OCT)–embedded thrombi were used for immunofluorescence analysis. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression was higher on neutrophils from IFC–ACS than RFC–ACS patients. TLR2 stimulation increased the release of active MMP9 from local IFC–ACS–derived neutrophils, which also aggravated endothelial cell death independently of TLR2. Thrombi of IFC–ACS patients exhibited more hyaluronidase 2 with concomitant increase in local plasma levels of the TLR2 ligand: hyaluronic acid.

Conclusion
The current study provides first in-human evidence for distinct TLR2-mediated neutrophil activation in IFC–ACS, presumably triggered by elevated soluble hyaluronic acid. Together with disturbed flow conditions, neutrophil-released MMP9 might be promoting endothelial cell loss–triggered thrombosis and therefore providing a potential future target for a phenotype-specific secondary therapeutic approach in IFC–ACS.
‘Curiouser and curiouser’: Childhood Figures to Live By, in Writings in French by Lydia Flem and Philippe Forest
Authors: Bainbrigge Susan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article analyses selected writings in French by Lydia Flem and Philippe Forest, with a focus on the intertextual presence of literary figures from well-known sources, identifications with figures from imaginary worlds and their relationship to the writing project. These authors’ curiosity about the place of storytelling in understanding selves and lives extends to the question of how literature connects with experiences that otherwise remain inaccessible or elude conscious awareness. The formal and thematic functions of Lewis Carroll’s Alice and J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan are examined in Flem’s Comment je me suis séparée de ma fille et de mon quasi-fils and Forest’s L’Enfant éternel. The article argues that via the perspectives of the (parental) narrators in both texts, these literary figures mobilize the creative expression of experiences of change and loss. The (re)turn to literature takes place not because it saves, or consoles, these writers insist; rather, they describe the compelling and paradoxically sustaining functions of reading and writing even as they precisely fail to offer up any certain resolution. Literature’s capacity to enliven curiosity about human experience means that writing is life; literary figures live with and in them. In a similar spirit to Deborah Levy’s description of ‘living autobiography’, the article argues that Flem and Forest attest to the need and desire to write in an ‘engaged’ way, characteristic of a writing practice that encompasses concrete and imaginary worlds, reality and fantasy. From explorations of transition and loss, Flem’s ‘bébé de papier’ and Forest’s ‘être de papier’ emerge.
Rapid Evolution of Glycan Recognition Receptors Reveals an Axis of Host–Microbe Arms Races beyond Canonical Protein–Protein Interfaces
Authors: Hilbert Zoë A , Haffener Paige E , Young Hannah J , Schwiesow Mara J W , Leffler Ellen M , Elde Nels C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Detection of microbial pathogens is a primary function of many mammalian immune proteins. This is accomplished through the recognition of diverse microbial-produced macromolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Pathogens subvert host defenses by rapidly changing these structures to avoid detection, placing strong selective pressures on host immune proteins that repeatedly adapt to remain effective. Signatures of rapid evolution have been identified in numerous immunity proteins involved in the detection of pathogenic protein substrates, but whether similar signals can be observed in host proteins engaged in interactions with other types of pathogen-derived molecules has received less attention. This focus on protein–protein interfaces has largely obscured the study of fungi as contributors to host–pathogen conflicts, despite their importance as a formidable class of vertebrate pathogens. Here, we provide evidence that mammalian immune receptors involved in the detection of microbial glycans have been subject to recurrent positive selection. We find that rapidly evolving sites in these genes cluster in key functional domains involved in carbohydrate recognition. Further, we identify convergent patterns of substitution and evidence for balancing selection in one particular gene, MelLec, which plays a critical role in controlling invasive fungal disease. Our results also highlight the power of evolutionary analyses to reveal uncharacterized interfaces of host–pathogen conflict by identifying genes, like CLEC12A, with strong signals of positive selection across mammalian lineages. These results suggest that the realm of interfaces shaped by host–microbe conflicts extends beyond the world of host–viral protein–protein interactions and into the world of microbial glycans and fungi.
Gravitational inversion for arbitrary surface mass distribution—application to earth's time-variable gravity with topography
Authors: Chao Benjamin F 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYThe aim of this paper is gravitational inversion, that is, the determination of the mass density distribution of a central body when given the observed external gravitational field that is produced by the mass itself. This inversion for a 3-D mass distribution is known to be grossly non-unique; whereas that for a 2-D mass distribution on a spherical surface is known to be unique. The latter justifies the surface ‘mascon’, or equivalent-water-thickness, solutions when not considering any interior mass transports for the Earth's time-variable gravity as observed by the GRACE satellite. In this paper, using the gravitational multipole formalism cast in the framework of linear Hilbert space with the notion of inner product, we do two things further: (i) we prove mathematically that the 2-D gravitational inversion on an arbitrary surface is unique; and (ii) we derive the algorithm that leads to the unique exact 2-D mass distribution solution, up to a truncated finite spherical harmonic degree. This pertains directly to reaching refined GRACE mascon solutions that account for the actual Earth surface shape including the ellipsoidal figure and the topography. In the process, we also (re)formulate the exact equations, for spherical or arbitrary shape, unifying the formulae that have appeared in the GRACE-relevant literature.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy defects in LRRK2-R1441C Parkinson’s disease models
Authors: Williamson Matthew G , Madureira Marta , McGuinness William , Heon-Roberts Rachel , Mock Elliot D , Naidoo Kalina , Cramb Kaitlyn M L , Caiazza Maria-Claudia , Malpartida Ana B , Lavelle Martha , Savory Katrina , Humble Stewart W , Patterson Ryan , Davis John B , Connor-Robson Natalie , Ryan Brent J , Wade-Martins Richard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mutations in the Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been identified as one of the most common genetic causes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The LRRK2 PD-associated mutations LRRK2G2019S and LRRK2R1441C, located in the kinase domain and in the ROC-COR domain, respectively, have been demonstrated to impair mitochondrial function. Here, we sought to further our understanding of mitochondrial health and mitophagy by integrating data from LRRK2R1441C rat primary cortical and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopamine (iPSC-DA) neuronal cultures as models of PD. We found that LRRK2R1441C neurons exhibit decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, impaired mitochondrial function and decreased basal mitophagy levels. Mitochondrial morphology was altered in LRRK2R1441C iPSC-DA but not in cortical neuronal cultures or aged striatal tissue, indicating a cell-type-specific phenotype. Additionally, LRRK2R1441C but not LRRK2G2019S neurons demonstrated decreased levels of the mitophagy marker pS65Ub in response to mitochondrial damage, which could disrupt degradation of damaged mitochondria. This impaired mitophagy activation and mitochondrial function were not corrected by the LRRK2 inhibitor MLi-2 in LRRK2R1441C iPSC-DA neuronal cultures. Furthermore, we demonstrate LRRK2 interaction with MIRO1, a protein necessary to stabilize and to anchor mitochondria for transport, occurs at mitochondria, in a genotype-independent manner. Despite this, we found that degradation of MIRO1 was impaired in LRRK2R1441C cultures upon induced mitochondrial damage, suggesting a divergent mechanism from the LRRK2G2019S mutation.
Cell-type specific defects inPTEN-mutant cortical organoids converge on abnormal circuit activity
Authors: Pigoni Martina , Uzquiano Ana , Paulsen Bruna , Kedaigle Amanda J , Yang Sung Min , Symvoulidis Panagiotis , Adiconis Xian , Velasco Silvia , Sartore Rafaela , Kim Kwanho , Tucewicz Ashley , Tropp Sarah Yoshimi , Tsafou Kalliopi , Jin Xin , Barrett Lindy , Chen Fei , Boyden Edward S , Regev Aviv , Levin Joshua Z , Arlotta Paola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDe novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are strongly associated with autism spectrum disorders; however, it is unclear how heterozygous mutations in this gene affect different cell types during human brain development and how these effects vary across individuals. Here, we used human cortical organoids from different donors to identify cell-type specific developmental events that are affected by heterozygous mutations in PTEN. We profiled individual organoids by single-cell RNA-seq, proteomics and spatial transcriptomics and revealed abnormalities in developmental timing in human outer radial glia progenitors and deep-layer cortical projection neurons, which varied with the donor genetic background. Calcium imaging in intact organoids showed that both accelerated and delayed neuronal development phenotypes resulted in similar abnormal activity of local circuits, irrespective of genetic background. The work reveals donor-dependent, cell-type specific developmental phenotypes of PTEN heterozygosity that later converge on disrupted neuronal activity.
Prenylation is essential for the enrichment of cone phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) in outer segments and efficient cone phototransduction
Authors: Moakedi Faezeh , Aljammal Rawaa , Poria Deepak , Saravanan Thamaraiselvi , Rhodes Scott B , Reid Chyanne , Guan Tongju , Kefalov Vladimir J , Ramamurthy Visvanathan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) is the key phototransduction effector enzyme residing in the outer segment (OS) of photoreceptors. Cone PDE6 is a tetrameric protein consisting of two inhibitory subunits (γ′) and two catalytic subunits (α′). The catalytic subunit of cone PDE6 contains a C-terminus prenylation motif. Deletion of PDE6α′ C-terminal prenylation motif is linked to achromatopsia (ACHM), a type of color blindness in humans. However, mechanisms behind the disease and roles for lipidation of cone PDE6 in vision are unknown. In this study, we generated two knock-in mouse models expressing mutant variants of cone PDE6α′ lacking the prenylation motif (PDE6α′∆C). We find that the C-terminal prenylation motif is the primary determinant for the association of cone PDE6 protein with membranes. Cones from PDE6α′∆C homozygous mice are less sensitive to light, and their response to light is delayed, whereas cone function in heterozygous PDE6α′∆C/+ mice is unaffected. Surprisingly, the expression level and assembly of cone PDE6 protein were unaltered in the absence of prenylation. Unprenylated assembled cone PDE6 in PDE6α′∆C homozygous animals is mislocalized and enriched in the cone inner segment and synaptic terminal. Interestingly, the disk density and the overall length of cone OS in PDE6α′∆C homozygous mutants are altered, highlighting a novel structural role for PDE6 in maintaining cone OS length and morphology. The survival of cones in the ACHM model generated in this study bodes well for gene therapy as a treatment option for restoring vision in patients with similar mutations in the PDE6C gene.
Pathogenic RAB34 variants impair primary cilium assembly and cause a novel oral-facial-digital syndrome
Authors: Bruel Ange-Line , Ganga Anil Kumar , Nosková Lenka , Valenzuela Irene , Martinovic Jelena , Duffourd Yannis , Zikánová Marie , Majer Filip , Kmoch Stanislav , Mohler Markéta , Sun Jingbo , Sweeney Lauren K , Martínez-Gil Núria , Thauvin-Robinet Christel , Breslow David K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by defects in the development of the face and oral cavity along with digit anomalies. Pathogenic variants in over 20 genes encoding ciliary proteins have been found to cause OFDS through deleterious structural or functional impacts on primary cilia. We identified by exome sequencing bi-allelic missense variants in a novel disease-causing ciliary gene RAB34 in four individuals from three unrelated families. Affected individuals presented a novel form of OFDS (OFDS-RAB34) accompanied by cardiac, cerebral, skeletal and anorectal defects. RAB34 encodes a member of the Rab GTPase superfamily and was recently identified as a key mediator of ciliary membrane formation. Unlike many genes required for cilium assembly, RAB34 acts selectively in cell types that use the intracellular ciliogenesis pathway, in which nascent cilia begin to form in the cytoplasm. We find that the protein products of these pathogenic variants, which are clustered near the RAB34 C-terminus, exhibit a strong loss of function. Although some variants retain the ability to be recruited to the mother centriole, cells expressing mutant RAB34 exhibit a significant defect in cilium assembly. While many Rab proteins have been previously linked to ciliogenesis, our studies establish RAB34 as the first small GTPase involved in OFDS and reveal the distinct clinical manifestations caused by impairment of intracellular ciliogenesis.
A unified paradigm for defining elasmobranch aggregations
Authors: McInturf A G , Bowman J , Schulte J M , Newton K C , Vigil B , Honig M , Pelletier S , Cox N , Lester O , Cantor M , Chapple T K 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElasmobranchs are highly diverse in movement, sensory capacity, and behavioural responses to the environment, leading to differences in the function and nature of associations and interactions between individuals, populations, and species. The term “aggregation” has been widely and variably used to describe co-occurrence across elasmobranch species, but its defining criteria remain vague and indeterminate. The lack of standardized terminology hinders comparisons across studies, species, and systems. It can cause misinterpretation about the drivers of aggregation formation or grouping behaviour and limits the impact of elasmobranch behavioural research. Here, we propose generalizable definitions of aggregation and supporting terms, adapted from more mature socioecological theory in other systems, which can be applied across elasmobranchs. We discuss the drivers and types of elasmobranch aggregations, detail the criteria required to identify an aggregation based on our definition, and offer direction on future methods and reporting to advance the field. These proposed definitions and reporting protocols standardize the study of elasmobranch socioecology, will generate greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying behaviour and distribution across species, and support more cross-system comparisons. Finally, this information can offer greater predictive power into when and how aggregations may form, leading to more proactive management strategies to mitigate anthropogenic threats.
Discrete Quantum Subgroups of Complex Semisimple Quantum Groups
Authors: Kitamura Kan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We classify discrete quantum subgroups in the quantum double of the $q$-deformation of a compact semisimple Lie group, regarded as the complexification. We also record their classifications in some variants of quantum groups. Along the way, we show that quantum doubles of non-Kac-type compact quantum groups do not admit the quantum analog of lattices considered by Brannan–Chirvasitu–Viselter.
Spectral Torical Band Inequalities and Generalizations of the Schoen–Yau Black Hole Existence Theorem
Authors: Hirsch Sven , Kazaras Demetre , Khuri Marcus , Zhang Yiyue 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Generalized torical band inequalities give precise upper bounds for the width of compact manifolds with boundary in terms of positive pointwise lower bounds for scalar curvature, assuming certain topological conditions. We extend several incarnations of these results in which pointwise scalar curvature bounds are replaced with spectral scalar curvature bounds. More precisely, we prove upper bounds for the width in terms of the principal eigenvalue of the operator $-\Delta +cR$, where $R$ denotes scalar curvature and $c&gt;0$ is a constant. Three separate strategies are employed to obtain distinct results holding in different dimensions and under varying hypotheses, namely we utilize spacetime harmonic functions, $\mu $-bubbles, and spinorial Callias operators. In dimension 3, where the strongest result is produced, we are also able to treat open and incomplete manifolds, and establish the appropriate rigidity statements. Additionally, a version of such spectral torus band inequalities is given where tori are replaced with cubes. Finally, as a corollary, we generalize the classical work of Schoen and Yau, on the existence of black holes due to concentration of matter, to higher dimensions and with alternate measurements of size.
Application of 3D Transparent Facemasks in Long-Term Outpatient Rehabilitation of Facial Scars After Burns: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Improved Appearance of Target Scars With Different Healing Time
Authors: Zheng Weiting , Xu Wanting , Zhou Xianliang , Li Hua , Li Pengtao , Xu Qinglian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSevere facial burns may cause scarring problems and affect living quality of patients. With the advent of 3D facemasks, it is being used to treat facial scars; however, its efficacy must be confirmed by adequate studies. A retrospective analysis of 26 patients who visited rehabilitation outpatient clinic from 2017 to 2022. Patients were separated into two groups based on the time to healing (TTH) following burn injury: early healing group (TTH ≤ 21 days) and late healing group (TTH &gt; 21 days). To compare treatment outcomes and differences between the two groups, 3D facemask application was assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), patient satisfaction, and complications. In both groups, there were significant improvements in the total VSS scores (P &lt; .01) and each VSS subscore (P &lt; .01). These scar characteristics improved over time as the treatment progressed. Compared with the late healing group, the early healing group had more obvious effects on improving scar pigmentation (P &lt; .05) and vascularity (P &lt; .05) at similar assessment time points after burns. At the last assessment, there was a significant difference in total VSS scores between groups (P = .009). For the early and late healing groups, respectively, the mean gradient value (SE) of the total VSS scores was 1.550 (0.373) and 1.283 (0.224) over the course of the treatment periods. 3D facemasks are effective in the rehabilitation of facial scars caused by burns, which should be used for prevention and treatment in the initial stages of scar development.
Community health workers and the communicative transformation of work-life interrelationships during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Golden Annis G , Jorgenson Jane , Williams Amy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on work-life interrelationships for community health workers (CHWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. CHWs serve as liaisons between marginalized communities and health and human service organizations to facilitate access to services. Required physical distancing transformed their work from embodied, face-to-face interaction to almost wholly mediated by communication technologies. Interviews were conducted with 52 participants to identify CHWs’ adaptive strategies for communication, consequences of their adaptations for their experience of work and work-life interrelationships, and their communicative management of negative unintended consequences. Communicative practices that were emergent from participant accounts are examined through the lenses of four mutually informing research frameworks: the impact of technologically mediated remote work on work-life interrelationships, technological capital and differentiated digital inequalities, the text work/body work continuum, and gendered emotional work. Implications for the future of community-based care workers and for other workers with respect to communication, technology, and managing work-life boundaries are examined.