bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evoked Responses to Localized Sounds Suggest Linear Representation of Elevation in Human Auditory Cortex
Authors: Bialas Ole , Maess Burkhard , Schönwiesner Marc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe auditory system computes the position of a sound along each of the three spatial axes, azimuth, elevation and distance, from very different acoustical cues. The extraction of sound azimuth from binaural cues (differences in arrival time and intensity between the ears) is well understood, as is the representation of these binaural cues in the auditory cortex of different species. Sound elevation is computed from monaural spectral cues arising from direction-dependent filtering of the pinnae, head, and upper body. The cortical representation of these cues in humans is still debated. We have shown that the fMRI blood-oxigen level-dependent activity in small parts of auditory cortex relates monotonically to perceived sound elevation and tracks listeners internal adaptation to new spectral cues. Here we confirm the previously suggested cortical code with a different method that reflects neural activity rather than blood oxigenation (electroencephalography), show that elevation is represented relatively late in the cortex, with related activity peaking at about 400 ms after sound onset, and show that differences in sound elevation can be decoded from the electroencephalogram of listeners, particularely from those who can distinguish elevations well. We used an adaptation design to isolate elevation-specific brain responses from those to other features of the stimuli. These responses gradually increased with decreasing sound elevation, consistent with our previous fMRI findings and population rate code for sound elevation. The long latency as well as the topographical distribution of the elevation-specific brain response indicates the involvement of higher-level cognitive processes not present for binaural cue representation. The differences between brain responses to sounds at different elevations predicted the listeners sound localization accuracy, suggesting that these responses reflect perceived elevation. This is, to our knowledge, the first study that demonstrates the cortical encoding of sound elevation in humans with high-temporal resolution. Our results agree with previous findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging, providing strong support for the hypothesis that elevation is represented in a population-rate code. This represents a critical advance in our understanding of spatial auditory processing along a dimension that is still poorly understood.
Populating a Continent: Phylogenomics Reveal the Timing of Australian Frog Diversification
Authors: Brennan Ian G. , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Hoskin Conrad J. , Donnellan Stephen C. , Keogh J. Scott 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Australian continent’s size and isolation make it an ideal place for studying the accumulation and evolution of biodiversity. Long separated from the ancient supercontinent Gondwana, most of Australia’s plants and animals are unique and endemic, including the continent’s frogs. Australian frogs comprise a remarkable ecological and morphological diversity categorized into a small number of distantly related radiations. We present a phylogenomic hypothesis based on an exon-capture dataset that spans the main clades of Australian myobatrachoid, pelodryadid hyloid, and microhylid frogs. Our time-calibrated phylogenomic-scale phylogeny identifies great disparity in the relative ages of these groups which vary from Gondwanan relics to recent immigrants from Asia and include arguably the continent’s oldest living vertebrate radiation. This age stratification provides insight into the colonization of, and diversification on, the Australian continent through deep time, during periods of dramatic climatic and community changes. Contemporary Australian frog diversity highlights the adaptive capacity of anurans, particularly in response to heat and aridity, and explains why they are one of the continent’s most visible faunas.
Molecular choreography of primer synthesis by the eukaryotic Pol α-primase
Authors: Yuan Zuanning , Georgescu Roxana , Li Huilin , O’Donnell Michael E. 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYThe eukaryotic polymerase α (Pol α) is a dual-function DNA polymerase/primase complex that synthesizes an RNA-DNA hybrid primer of 20-30 nucleotides for DNA replication. Pol α is composed of Pol1, Pol12, Primase 1 (Pri1), and Pri2, with Pol1 and Pri1 containing the DNA polymerase activity and RNA primase activity, respectively, whereas Pol12 and Pri2 serve a structural role. It has been unclear how Pol α hands over an RNA primer made by Pri1 to Pol1 for DNA primer extension, and how the primer length is defined, perhaps due to the difficulty in studying the highly mobile structure. Here we report a comprehensive cryo-EM analysis of the intact 4-subunit yeast Pol α in the apo, primer initiation, primer elongation, RNA primer hand-off from Pri1 to Pol1, and DNA extension states in a 3.5 Å - 5.6 Å resolution range. We found that Pol α is a three-lobed flexible structure. Pri2 functions as a flexible hinge that holds together the catalytic Pol1-core, and the noncatalytic Pol1 CTD that binds to Pol 12 to form a stable platform upon which the other components are organized. In the apo state, Pol1-core is sequestered on the Pol12−Pol1-CTD platform, and Pri1 is mobile perhaps in search of a template. Upon binding a ssDNA template, a large conformation change is induced that enables Pri1 to perform RNA synthesis, and positions Pol1-core to accept the future RNA primed site 50 Å upstream of where Pri1 binds. We reveal in detail the critical point at which Pol1-core takes over the 3’-end of the RNA from Pri1. DNA primer extension appears limited by the spiral motion of Pol1-core while Pri2-CTD stably holds onto the 5’ end of the RNA primer. Since both Pri1 and Pol1-core are attached via two linkers to the platform, primer growth will produce stress within this “two-point” attachment that may limit the length of the RNA-DNA hybrid primer. Hence, this study reveals the large and dynamic series of movements that Pol α undergoes to synthesize a primer for DNA replication.
Structural Insights into the ATP-dependent Activation of NOD-like Receptor with Pyrin 3 (NLRP3) Protein by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Sandall Christina F. , MacDonald Justin A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe inflammasome-forming NOD-like receptor containing pyrin-3 (NLRP3) protein is a critical player in the innate immune responses to cellular danger signals. New structural data of NLRP3 provide a framework to probe the conformational impact of nucleotide binding. In this study, microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to detail information on the unique structural conformations adopted by NLRP3 with ATP or ADP binding. Sampling convergence reflected a high degree of confidence in the MD simulations as shown by RMSD and protein-nucleotide concordance, favourable overall MM-PBSA ligand binding energies for both nucleotides and low cosine coefficients of the principal eigenvectors obtained with essential dynamics (ED) analysis. NLRP3-ADP simulations provide relatively stable conformations with few global rearrangements as shown by decreased protein RMSD, Rg, SASA, and solvent accessibility for the ADP-bound structure. In contrast, ATP binding induced increased flexibility and resulted in substantive conformational changes to the NLRP3 structure. Binding of ATP was thermodynamically favourable as shown by the ΔGsolvand MM-PBSA calculations of complex free energies, and these NLRP3-ATP simulations resulted in similar structural transitions as observed in the activated NLRC4 empirical structure. Lastly, the active conformation of NLRP3 critically depends on hinging between the HD2 and LRR domains, whereby ATP binding drives local conformational changes that are conveyed to the global structure.
Sox9 accelerates vascular ageing by regulating extracellular matrix composition and stiffness
Authors: Faleeva Maria , Ahmad Sadia , Lynham Steven , Watson Gabriel , Whitehead Meredith , Cox Susan , Shanahan Catherine M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRationaleVascular calcification and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness are hallmarks of vascular ageing. Sox9 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9) is a master regulator of chondrogenesis, also expressed in the vasculature, that has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteo-chondrogenic conversion.ObjectiveHere, we investigated the relationship between vascular ageing, calcification and Sox9-driven ECM regulation in VSMCs.Methods and ResultsImmunohistochemistry in human aortic samples showed that Sox9 was not spatially associated with vascular calcification but correlated with the senescence marker p16. Analysis of Sox9 expressionin vitroshowed it was mechanosensitive with increased expression and nuclear translocation in senescent cells and on stiff matrices. Manipulation of Sox9 via overexpression and depletion, combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and proteomics, revealed that Sox9 regulates ECM stiffness and organisation by orchestrating changes in collagen expression and reducing VSMC contractility, leading to the formation of an ECM that mirrored that of senescent cells. These ECM changes promoted phenotypic modulation of VSMCs whereby senescent cells plated onto ECM synthesized from cells depleted of Sox9 returned to a proliferative state, while proliferating cells on a matrix produced by Sox9 expressing cells showed reduced proliferation and increased DNA damage, reiterating features of senescent cells. Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3 (LH3) was identified as a Sox9 target, and key regulator of ECM stiffness. LH3 is packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and Sox9 promoted EV secretion, leading to increased LH3 deposition within the ECM.ConclusionsThese findings identify cellular senescence and Sox9 as a key regulators of ECM stiffness during VSMC ageing and highlight a crucial role for ECM structure and composition in regulating VSMC phenotype. We identify a positive feedback cycle whereby cellular senescence and increased ECM stiffening promote Sox9 expression which drives further ECM modifications that act to accelerate vascular stiffening and cellular senescence.
Schema cell formation in orbitofrontal cortex is suppressed by hippocampal output
Authors: Zong Wenhui , Zhou Jingfeng , Gardner Matthew P.H. , Zhang Zhewei , Costa Kauê Machado , Schoenbaum Geoffrey 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBoth orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus (HC) are implicated in the formation of cognitive maps and their generalization into schemas. However how these areas interact in supporting this function remains an open question, with some proposals supporting a serial model in which OFC draws upon task representations created by HC to extract key behavioral features and others proposing a parallel model in which both regions construct representations that highlight different types of information. Here we tested between these two models by asking how schema correlates in OFC would be affected by inactivation of HC output, after learning and during transfer across problems. We found the prevalence and content of schema correlates were unaffected by inactivation after learning, while inactivation during learning accelerated their formation. These results contradict a serial model and favor the proposal that OFC and HC operate in parallel to extract different features defining cognitive maps and schemas.
Testing workplace hazing, moral disengagement and deviant behaviors in hospitality industry
Authors: Raza Ali , Ishaq Muhammad Ishtiaq , Jamali Dima R. , Zia Haleema , Haj-Salem Narjes 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study aims to assess the direct impact of workplace hazing and the indirect impact via moral disengagement on organizational deviance behavior and negative word-of-mouth (WOM) communication in the hospitality industry of Pakistan. This research also addresses the significance of psychological (resilience) and social factors (friendship prevalence) as moderators of the relationship between workplace hazing and moral disengagement.Design/methodology/approachUsing a multirespondent strategy, the data was collected from 319 newcomers employed in the Pakistani hospitality industry and analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results reveal that workplace hazing increases moral disengagement, organizational deviance and negative WOM communication. Moreover, various psychological factors can significantly decrease and mediate the negative influence of workplace hazing on moral disengagement.Practical implicationsThe managers should explicitly and formally handle the workplace hazing issues like harassment and bullying to build a positive working environment for newcomers.Originality/valueThis study addresses a gap in determining the significance of workplace hazing and its impact on moral disengagement, organizational deviance and negative WOM communication. Also, this study contributes to the literature by examining either social or psychological factors that play an important role in dampening the negative impact of workplace hazing.
Unlocking a multimodal archive of Southern Chinese martial arts through embodied cues
Authors: Hou Yumeng , Seydou Fadel Mamar , Kenderdine Sarah 
Published: May 2023

PurposeDespite being an authentic carrier of various cultural practices, the human body is often underutilised to access the knowledge of human body. Digital inventions today have created new avenues to open up cultural data resources, yet mainly as apparatuses for well-annotated and object-based collections. Hence, there is a pressing need for empowering the representation of intangible expressions, particularly embodied knowledge within its cultural context. To address this issue, the authors propose to inspect the potential of machine learning methods to enhance archival knowledge interaction with intangible cultural heritage (ICH) materials.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a novel approach by combining movement computing with knowledge-specific modelling to support retrieving through embodied cues, which is applied to a multimodal archive documenting the cultural heritage (CH) of Southern Chinese martial arts.FindingsThrough experimenting with a retrieval engine implemented using the Hong Kong Martial Arts Living Archive (HKMALA) datasets, this work validated the effectiveness of the developed approach in multimodal content retrieval and highlighted the potential for the multimodal's application in facilitating archival exploration and knowledge discoverability.Originality/valueThis work takes a knowledge-specific approach to invent an intelligent encoding approach through a deep-learning workflow. This article underlines that the convergence of algorithmic reckoning and content-centred design holds promise for transforming the paradigm of archival interaction, thereby augmenting knowledge transmission via more accessible CH materials.
Sustainable marketing activities, event image, perceived value and tourists’ behavioral intentions in the sports tourism
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Butkouskaya Vera 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study constructs the influence mechanism model of sustainable marketing activities (SMAs), event image, commemorative product perceived value and tourists’ behavioral intentions (TBIs) in the sports tourism context of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Additionally, the article discusses the role of event image and product perceived value in enhancing the SMAs’ effect on TBIs.Design/methodology/approachThe research analyzed 315 valid questionnaires from tourists in the Chinese market by structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results indicate that SMAs positively impact sports tourism event image, tourists’ perceived commemorative product value and TBIs. Meanwhile, event image and product perceived value mediate the SMAs and TBIs relationship.Research limitations/implicationsConsidering SMAs as essential for sustainable development, this paper contributes to the strategic management discipline. Additionally, the research expands the analysis of event image and product perceived value in the brand theory and customer behavior research.Practical implicationsThe article outlines the principal value of SMAs implementation in enhancing behavioral intentions. It also reveals that a favorable event image and good perceived value can enhance SMAs’ effectiveness toward positively influencing TBIs, especially purchase intentions. It provides a new vision for nonprofit organizations to prioritize SMAs’ implementation in marketing strategies.Originality/valueIt is pioneering work with a complex research framework for SMAs implementation in the sports tourism context.
Presidential elections and stock return volatility: evidence from selected sub-Saharan African stock markets
Authors: Musah Godwin , Domeher Daniel , Musah Abubakar 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of presidential elections on stock return volatility in five leading stock markets in sub-Saharan Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses various criteria to select an appropriate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model to estimate the second moment of the return distribution with the inclusion of pre- and post-presidential election dummy variables that capture the effect of presidential elections on stock market volatility.FindingsThe empirical results show that high pre-election uncertainty increases volatility in the Nairobi Stock Exchange, Stock Exchange of Mauritius and the Nigeria Stock Exchange. Furthermore, the results show that volatility in stock return is reduced 90 days after an election in Nigeria and South Africa but increases 90 days after elections in Ghana.Originality/valueContrary to the previous studies that are conducted in a single country with focus on specific elections, this paper provides a comparative analysis of presidential elections and stock return volatility in five leading stock markets in sub-Saharan Africa.
How does service robot anthropomorphism affect human co-workers?
Authors: Tojib Dewi , Sujan Rahul , Ma Junzhao , Tsarenko Yelena 
Published: May 2023

PurposeService robots are gradually becoming more anthropomorphic and intelligent. This research aims to investigate how anthropomorphic service robots with different levels of intelligence affect their human counterparts.Design/methodology/approachTwo between-subject experimental studies were used to test whether different levels of service robot anthropomorphism with different levels of intelligence influence employees' morale and resistance to service robots.FindingsStudy 1 shows that the effect of service robot anthropomorphism (low vs. high) on employees' resistance and morale is mediated by perceived job-security threat. Study 2 validates this mediating effect and shows that it is moderated by the type of AI (mechanical vs. analytical). Specifically, when exposed to mechanical AI-powered service robots, employees exhibit a higher perceived job-security threat toward robots with a high (vs. low) degree of anthropomorphism. This moderating effect is not observed when employees are exposed to analytical AI-powered service robots. This moderated mediation effect is also found for the signing of a petition as the behavioral outcome.Practical implicationsService firms considering the adoption of mechanical AI-powered service robots should choose a low (vs. high) anthropomorphic robot to reduce the sense of job-security threat felt by human employees, which subsequently increases their acceptance. However, if analytical AI-powered service robots with are to replace their human employees, the degree of anthropomorphism becomes irrelevant.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to explore how anthropomorphic service robots can influence human employees' evaluations and behaviors.
Compare social support in patients with schizophrenia or methamphetamine dependency with healthy individuals
Authors: Amini Fatemeh , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad , Yazdani Charati Jamshid 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This study aims to compare the social support among patients with schizophrenia or methamphetamine dependency with healthy individuals.

Design/methodology/approach
Using convince sampling, the authors recruited 80 patients (schizophrenia, n = 40; methamphetamine dependency, n = 40) and their companions (healthy individuals, n = 40) who were referred to a psychiatric hospital in a cross-sectional study in Sari, Iran. In in-person interviews, the authors collected data on demographic characteristics and measured social support using a standardized questionnaire.

Findings
The three groups were similar regarding age and marital status, but different in gender distribution (p = 0.001). The average social support score was 58.0 in the schizophrenia group and 42.3 in the methamphetamine-dependent group, both significantly lower than 63.6 in the healthy group (p = 0.001). The social support scores in schizophrenia and methamphetamine-dependent groups were significantly lower than those in the healthy group across all subgroups of gender (p < 0.04), age (p < 0.05) and marital status (p < 0.001). The methamphetamine-dependent group had the lowest score overall and across all demographic groups and social support subdomains.

Research limitations/implications
This study had two main limitations. First, the study samples were from one city and one hospital in the north of Iran and so may not be generalizable to other population and settings. Second, the authors did not study the causes or predictors of low social support like social stigma which should be studied in future studies.

Originality/value
Despite the limitations, this study found low social support for people diagnosed with schizophrenia or methamphetamine dependency. Intervention to increase social support for them, especially for those with substance use, is required.
Single mothers: financial challenges and experiences in Brunei-Muara district
Authors: Affandy Azizie Hilman 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis paper examines the financial challenges of single mothers in Brunei, illustrating how single parenting affects their lifestyle choices and the coping mechanisms these mothers employ to grapple with their financial hardships.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with five single mothers living in the Brunei-Muara district. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsResults revealed participants described operating with a single income, covering bills alone, the high cost of living in Brunei and the absence of alimony contributed to their financial challenges. Financial stress caused them to change their spending habits, switch to cheaper alternatives, make sacrifices and struggle to meet the needs of their children. Coping mechanisms adopted by single mothers utilized social support, generating side income, and the unique roles of children played a significant role in cushioning the impact of their financial difficulties.Originality/valueSingle mothers are on the rise in Brunei. There is an acute lack of studies emphasizing the financial hardships experienced by single mothers in Brunei. This study attempts to narrow the missing gap and seek avenues of justice for single mothers in a progressive, equitable society.
Restricted access: Real estate agent response to client race, ethnicity, gender, and side of market
Authors: Hanson Andrew , Hawley Zackary 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe design and implement a correspondence experiment to test for differences in real estate agent response across client race, ethnicity, gender, and side of market. Real estate agents are more likely to respond to White clients than Black or Hispanic clients—Whites have a 32.18% higher response rate than Hispanics and an 8.48% higher response rate than Black clients. We also find that real estate agents are more responsive to sellers (23.81% premium over buyers) and female clients (13.57% premium over males).