bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative acute pain management with duloxetine as compared to placebo: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Govil Nishith , Arora Pankaj , Parag Kumar , Tripathi Mukesh , Garg Pankaj Kumar , Goyal Tarun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuloxetine has been used as an adjunct in multimodal analgesia for acute postoperative pain in clinical studies. This meta‐analysis aims to conclude whether oral duloxetine, when given perioperatively, is any better than a placebo in managing postoperative pain. Effects of duloxetine on postoperative pain scores, time to first rescue analgesia, postoperative rescue analgesia consumption, side effects attributable to duloxetine, and patient satisfaction profile were assessed.MethodMEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scholar Google, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched with keywords including “Duloxetine” AND “postoperative pain”, “Duloxetine” AND “acute pain” and with “Duloxetine” till October 2022. This meta‐analysis included randomized clinical trials in which perioperative duloxetine 60 mg per oral was administered not more than 7 days before surgery and for at least 24 after surgery but not more than 14 days after surgery. All RCTs in which the comparator is placebo and outcomes related to analgesic efficacy like pain scores, opioid consumption, and side effects of duloxetine until 48 h postoperatively were included. Data were extracted from the studies and a risk of bias summary was formed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Effect sizes were given as standardized mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios (RR) by the Mantel–Haenszel test for the categorical outcome. Confirmation of publication bias was done by Egger's regression test (p < 0.05). If publication bias or heterogeneity was detected, the trim‐and‐fill method was used to calculate the adjusted effect size. Sensitivity analysis was done by leaving one out method after excluding the study with a high risk of bias. Subgroup analysis was done based on the type of surgery and gender. The study was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42019139559.Findings29 studies with 2043 patients met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed for this meta‐analysis. Postoperative pain scores at 24 h [Std. Mean Difference (95% CI); −0.69 (−1.07, −0.32)] and at 48 h [−1.13 (−1.68, −0.58)] are significantly less with duloxetine (p‐value < 0.05). Time to first rescue analgesia was significantly more in patients where duloxetine was administered [1.27 (1.10, 1.45); p‐value > 0.05]. Opioid consumption up to 24 h [−1.82 (−2.46, −1.18)] and 48 h [−2.48 (−3.46, −1.50)] was significantly less (p‐value < 0.05) in patients who received duloxetine. Complications and recovery profiles were similar in patients receiving either duloxetine or a placebo.InterpretationBased on GRADE findings, we conclude that there is low to moderate evidence to advocate the use of duloxetine for managing postoperative pain. Further trials are needed to replicate or refute these results based on robust methodology.
Involuntary shifts of spatial attention contribute to distraction—Evidence from oscillatory alpha power and reaction time data
Authors: Weise Annekathrin , Hartmann Thomas , Parmentier Fabrice , Weisz Nathan , Ruhnau Philipp 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImagine you are focusing on the traffic on a busy street to ride your bike safely when suddenly you hear the siren of an ambulance. This unexpected sound involuntarily captures your attention and interferes with ongoing performance. We tested whether this type of distraction involves a spatial shift of attention. We measured behavioral data and magnetoencephalographic alpha power during a cross‐modal paradigm that combined an exogenous cueing task and a distraction task. In each trial, a task‐irrelevant sound preceded a visual target (left or right). The sound was usually the same animal sound (i.e., standard sound). Rarely, it was replaced by an unexpected environmental sound (i.e., deviant sound). Fifty percent of the deviants occurred on the same side as the target, and 50% occurred on the opposite side. Participants responded to the location of the target. As expected, responses were slower to targets that followed a deviant compared to a standard. Crucially, this distraction effect was mitigated by the spatial relationship between the targets and the deviants: responses were faster when targets followed deviants on the same versus different side, indexing a spatial shift of attention. This was further corroborated by a posterior alpha power modulation that was higher in the hemisphere ipsilateral (vs. contralateral) to the location of the attention‐capturing deviant. We suggest that this alpha power lateralization reflects a spatial attention bias. Overall, our data support the contention that spatial shifts of attention contribute to deviant distraction.
How do public health nurses in Norwegian school health services support siblings of children with complex care needs?
Authors: Bergvoll Lise‐Marie , Fjelldal Sunniva Solhaug , Clancy Anne , Martinussen Monica , Laholt Hilde 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThere is a paucity of data regarding the care and support provided by Norwegian school health services to siblings of children with complex care needs. Public health nurses are an integral part of these universal services, which focus on health promotion and disease prevention in primary and secondary schools. This study aimed to explore health promotion interventions by public health nurses for siblings in Norwegian schools and to identify regional differences.MethodsAn online national questionnaire was distributed to Norwegian public health nurses and leaders of public health nursing services (N = 487). The questions were related to how the nurses support siblings of children with complex care needs. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. An inductive thematic analysis of free‐text comments was conducted.Ethical ApprovalThe study was approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data.ResultsThe majority of public health nursing leaders (67%) reported that the services in their municipality had no system to identify siblings or to provide them with routine care. However, 26% of public health nurses reported that routine support was provided to siblings. Regional differences were identified.Study LimitationsThis study included responses from 487 PHNs from all four health regions in Norway. The study design is limited and gives a brief outline of the current situation. Further data are needed to provide in‐depth knowledge.ConclusionsThis survey provides important knowledge for health authorities and professionals working with siblings, about inadequate support and regional differences in care provided to siblings by school health services.
Heart rate variability behavior in athletes after a sports concussion: A systematic review
Authors: Flores Gonçalo , Monteiro Diogo , Silva Fernanda , Duarte‐Mendes Pedro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aims to investigate the adaptations of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) after a concussion by measuring HRV in athletes over the age of 16 after injury.MethodsThis systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA). Web of Science, Pubmed, SCOPUS, and Sport Discus were searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant original cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and cohort epidemiological studies published before December 2021.ResultsAfter screening 1737 potential articles, four studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies included participants with concussion (n = 63) and healthy control athletes (n = 140) who practised different sports. Two studies describe a decrease in HRV following a sports concussion, and one proposed that the resolution of symptoms does not necessarily reflect ANS recovery. Lastly, one study concluded that submaximal exercise induces alteration in ANS, not seen in rest after an injury.ConclusionsIn the frequency domain, a decrease in high frequency power and an increase of low frequency/high frequency ratio is expected, as the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases, and the parasympathetic nervous system decreases after injury. In the frequency domain, heart rate variability (HRV) may help monitor the activity of ANS evaluating signals of somatic tissue distress and early identification of other types of musculoskeletal injuries. Further research should investigate the relationship between HRV and other musculoskeletal injuries.
Donor‐derived fulminant herpes simplex virus hepatitis after liver transplantation: Two cases and review of literature
Authors: Reinhold Ilana , Teasca Laurent , Rodriguez Elena Requejo , Berney Thierry , Mueller Nicolas J , Hilty Matthias , Andermatt Rea , Saro Francesca , Dutkowski Philipp , Müllhaupt Beat , van Delden Christian ,   Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS)
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundFulminant herpetic hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus (HSV), serotype 1 or 2, is a rare but often fatal complication after solid organ transplantation (SOT). HSV hepatitis in SOT recipients can occur either due to primary infection acquired post transplantation, viral reactivation in a seropositive patient, or as donor‐derived infection. Cases of fatal hepatitis have been reported in the liver as well as in other SOT recipients. The fatal outcome is mostly due to delayed diagnosis and treatment, which is explained by the lack of clinical specificity of HSV hepatitis.MethodsWe report two cases of fatal donor‐derived HSV hepatitis in liver‐transplanted recipients. We reviewed all published cases of donor‐derived HSV infections after SOT with an evaluation of the presence of prophylaxis and outcome.ResultsIn both liver recipients, the retrospective determination of HSV serostatus was negative, and both cases occurred in the absence of cytomegalovirus or HSV prophylaxis. A review of the literature showed a significant series of cases of severe hepatitis, mostly fatal, as well as the absence of specific preventive therapy guidelines in cases of HSV serology mismatch.ConclusionsThe occurrence of two fatal donor‐derived hepatitis made the Swiss Transplant Infectious Diseases working group modify its national recommendations regarding pretransplant serostatus determination and HSV prophylaxis after liver transplantation. Further studies are needed to assess this approach.
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Extra‐EU immigrants and labour productivity: New evidence from Italian firms
Authors: Vittori Claudia , Ricci Andrea , Ferri Valentina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of extra‐EU workers on labour productivity in Italy. To this aim, we take advantage of firm‐level data derived from the Rilevazione Imprese e Lavoro (RIL‐AIDA) surveys merged with the AIDA‐Bureau Van Dijk archive over the period 2007–2015. Using an econometric strategy that accounts for firms' observed heterogeneity and endogeneity issues, we obtain the following results. First, an increase in the share of extra‐EU workers leads to a decline in labour productivity. Second, the relationship between extra‐EU workers and productivity appears to be different between firms located in centre‐north and those in southern regions. Third, the share of extra‐EU workers is also associated with a decline in average wages and sales per employee, even though this effect is less than that observed for productivity. Our findings support the hypothesis that the demand of immigrants arises as a labour cost reduction strategy and hence tends to weaken firms' competitiveness.
Investing in a global pooled-funding mechanism for late-stage clinical trials of poverty-related and neglected diseases: an economic evaluation
Authors: Zimmerman Armand , Diab Mohamed Mustafa , Schäferhoff Marco , McDade Kaci Kennedy , Yamey Gavin , Ogbuoji Osondu 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPoverty-related and neglected diseases (PRNDs) cause over three million deaths annually. Despite this burden, there is a large gap between actual funding for PRND research and development (R&D) and the funding needed to launch PRND products from the R&D pipeline. This study provides an economic evaluation of a theoretical global pooled-funding mechanism to finance late-stage clinical trials of PRND products.MethodsWe modelled three pooled-funding design options, each based on a different level of coverage of candidate products for WHO’s list of PRNDs: (1) vaccines covering 4 PRNDs, (2) vaccines and therapeutics covering 9 PRNDs and (3) vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics covering 30 PRNDs. For each option, we constructed a discrete event simulation of the 2019 PRND R&D pipeline to estimate required funding for phase III trials and expected product launches through 2035. For each launch, we estimated global PRND treatment costs averted, deaths averted and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted. For each design option, we calculated the cost per death averted, cost per DALY averted, the benefit–cost ratio (BCR) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).ResultsOption 1 averts 18.4 million deaths and 516 million DALYs, has a cost per DALY averted of US$84 and yields a BCR of 5.53. Option 2 averts 22.9 million deaths and 674 million DALYs, has a cost per DALY averted of US$75, an ICER over option 1 of US$49 and yields a BCR of 3.88. Option 3 averts 26.9 million deaths and 1 billion DALYs, has a cost per DALY averted of US$114, an ICER over option 2 of US$186 and yields a BCR of 2.52.ConclusionsAll 3 options for a pooled-funding mechanism—vaccines for 4 PRNDs, vaccines and therapeutics for 9 PRNDs, and vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics for 30 PRNDs—would generate a large return on investment, avert a substantial proportion of the global burden of morbidity and mortality for diseases of poverty and be cost-effective.
Social venues and HIV vulnerability of young venue workers: a cluster analysis of data from a national-level cross-sectional survey of social venues in Uganda
Authors: Babirye Susan , Ssengooba Freddie , Weir Sharon Stucker , Michielsen Kristien 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveVenues where people socialize, such as bars, play a significant role in HIV transmission risk. However, little research has been done that identifies characteristics of high-risk venues, to inform HIV prevention efforts. This study identified clusters of social venues in Uganda and their relationship with HIV vulnerability of young venue workers (15–24 years). We also assessed availability of HIV prevention services at the venues.Design and settingThis was a secondary analysis of data from a larger cross-sectional survey of social venues in 25 districts of Uganda.ParticipantsA total of 480 venues that employed young workers were included in this study.AnalysisHierarchical cluster and mixed-effects regression analyses were conducted.ResultsFour clusters were adopted: cluster 1 represented 127 venues (mainly alcohol-serving sex work venues with a provision of on-site sex); cluster 2 represented 80 venues (mainly alcohol-serving sex work venues without a provision of on-site sex); cluster 3 represented 113 venues (mainly alcohol-serving venues without sex work or on-site sex); and cluster 4 represented 160 venues (non-alcohol-serving venues). We found a positive correlation between venue clusters and HIV vulnerability. Workers who belonged to cluster 1 (alcohol-serving sex work venues with a provision of on-site sex) had a 0.15 increase in HIV vulnerability compared with those in alcohol-serving venues without sex work or a provision of on-site sex (cluster 3) (coefficient: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.030 to 0.287) after adjusting for age, sex and marital status. Thirty-seven per cent of cluster 1 venues reported any HIV prevention services in the past 12 months.ConclusionAlcohol-serving sex work venues with a provision of on-site sex (cluster 1) appeared to reinforce vulnerability to HIV in this study and should be targeted with HIV prevention interventions. Such venues can amplify HIV transmission by facilitating sexual partner coupling and on-site sex.
Feasibility and acceptability pilot of video-based direct observed treatment (vDOT) for supporting antitubercular treatment in South India: a cohort study
Authors: Rodrigues Rashmi , Varghese Suman Sarah , Mahrous Mohammed , Ananthaneni Kumar Anil , Ahmed Mohammed Naseer , D'Souza George 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of video-based anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment adherence support in patients with TB (PwTB) in South India.DesignAn exploratory cohort.SettingParticipants were recruited at the TB treatment centre (direct observed treatment short centre) of a tertiary-level teaching facility in Bangalore, Karnataka, South India.ParticipantsThe study enrolled 25 PwTB, with replacement. Adult PwTB who were on drug-sensitive treatment regimens were included, while those who had drug resistant TB were excluded from the study.InterventionParticipants received scheduled adherence reminders and were trained to videorecord themselves swallowing their medication via a mobile application. The application was automated to submit these videos for evaluation. Participants were followed up monthly till treatment completion or withdrawal.Outcome measuresAdherence rate and acceptability of video-based directly observed treatment (vDOT).ResultsThe mean±SD age of the participants was 33±14 years, majority were females (16, 64%), residing in urban areas (24,96%), married (17, 68%) and had access to smart phones (23,92%). A total of 3193 person days of follow-up was completed; of the videos submitted within the first 6 months of enrollment (2501), 94% (2354/2501) were considered ‘acceptable’ and 16 (64%) participants were optimally adherent (ie, ≥80%). Participant videos improved in quality and a higher proportion met acceptability criteria over time. Twenty-one (84%) participants stated that they found the application easy to learn; 13 (52%) preferred vDOT over DOT. Mixed model logistic regression showed that those who are married are more likely have daily adherence to anti-TB treatment.ConclusionVideo-based mobile phone interventions are acceptable to PwTB and the ease of using the application increases with time. To provide patient-centred care, vDOT is a promising option that can be offered to patients for treatment support and adherence monitoring.
Effects of music therapy on anxiety in patients with cancer: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sun Chenbing , Sang Shuliu , Tang Yunzhe , Niu Xiaodie , Yoo Hwa-Seung , Zhou Ping , Liu Hao , Gong Yabin , Xu Ling 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAlthough music therapy (MT) has been found to reduce anxiety in patients with cancer and delay tumour progression to some extent, its mechanism of action has not been determined. MT may reduce anxiety by reducing the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of MT on anxiety and cytokine levels in patients with cancer.Methods and analysisThis randomised, open, single-centre parallel-controlled trial will randomise 60 patients with malignant tumours who meet the inclusion criteria in a 1:1 ratio to either an MT group or a non-MT (NMT) group. Patients in the MT group will receive emotional nursing care and individualised receptive MT for 1 week, whereas patients in the NMT group will receive emotional nursing care alone. Primary outcomes will include scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Distress Thermometer and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Secondary outcomes will include scores on the Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, serum concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, serum concentrations of the neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, adrenocorticotropic hormone and γ-aminobutyric acid, and determination of gut microbiota populations.Ethics and disseminationOn 5 August 2020, the study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The findings of this study will be published in peer-reviewed publications and presented at appropriate conferences.Trial registration numberCTR2000035244.
Advance care planning for frail elderly: are we missing a golden opportunity? A mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xinying , Huang Xin-Lin , Wang Wei-Jia , Liao Li 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe aim is to integrate quantitative and qualitative evidence to understand the effectiveness and experience of advance care planning (ACP) for frail elderly.DesignA mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Quality evaluation was conducted using critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data were synthesised and pooled for meta-analysis or meta-aggregation as needed.Data sourcesAn electronic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases from January 2003 to April 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included experimental and mixed-methods studies. The quantitative component attempts to incorporate a broader study design. The qualitative component aids in comprehending the participant’s experience with ACP and its efficacy.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers undertook screening, data extraction and quality assessment. The quantitative and qualitative data were synthesised and integrated using a convergent segregated approach.ResultsThere were 12 158 articles found, and 17 matched the inclusion criteria. The quality of the quantitative component of most included studies (6/10) was rated as low, and the qualitative component of half included studies (4/8) was rated as moderate. The meta-analysis showed that the intervention of ACP for frail elderly effectively increases readiness, knowledge and process of ACP behaviours. The meta-aggregation showed that the participants hold a positive attitude towards ACP and think it facilitates expressing their preferences for the medical decision.ConclusionACP is an effective and feasible strategy to facilitate frail elderly to express their healthcare wishes timely and improve their outcomes. This study could provide proof for a better understanding of the subject and help direct future clinical practice. More well-designed randomised controlled trials evaluating the most effective ACP interventions and tools are needed for the frail elderly population.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022329615.