bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison study of power performance and extreme load effects of large 10‐MW offshore wind turbines
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Xing Yihan , Karuvathil Anuraj , Gaidai Oleg 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe utilisation of offshore wind turbines has rapidly increased in the last decade, which has resulted in a steady increase in wind turbine sizes. The global average offshore wind turbine size has increased from 1.5 MW to 6 MW in the last two decades. The research community has started to investigate huge 10 to 15 MW offshore wind turbines in recent years, resulting in the study of very innovative floating wind turbines using various substructure technologies. With this backdrop, this paper will investigate and thoroughly compare the power performance of extreme load effects of a large offshore 10 MW turbine installed on the monopile, spar, and semisubmersible substructures. This is performed by using the average conditional exceedance rate (ACER) and Gumbel methods to predict the extreme responses under the operating conditions of 8, 12, and 16 m/s mean wind speed, representing the below‐rated, rated, and above‐rated regions, respectively. The results show that the power performance and extreme loads experienced depends significantly on the operating regions. The mean power generation between the three different types of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are closely in the whole operating range, which standard deviations differ significantly. Large standard deviations of power generation appear in the spar turbine under the below‐rated condition. Further, it was observed that the spar wind turbine generally experiences larger extreme loads due to larger platform pitch motion. In addition, the ACER method shows a better prediction for the 1, 2 and 5‐year extreme responses than the Gumbel method, which is due to the relatively poor data fitting of the Gumbel method at the upper tail. The study is believed to consolidate and close the knowledge gap in understanding wind turbine responses across the most common offshore substructure technologies and provide a basis for design and deployment of OWTs.
Clinical determinants of hospital mortality in liver failure: a comprehensive analysis of 62,717 patients
Authors: Loosen Sven H. , Luedde Tom , Essing Tobias , Bock Hans , Wieland Björn , Fluegen Georg , Bednarsch Jan , Bode Johannes G. , Neumann Ulf P. , Roderburg Christoph 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Liver failure (LF) is characterised by a loss of the synthetic and metabolic liver function and is associated with a high mortality. Large-scale data on recent developments and hospital mortality of LF in Germany are missing. A systematic analysis and careful interpretation of these datasets could help to optimise outcomes of LF.
Methods We used standardised hospital discharge data of the Federal Statistical Office to evaluate current trends, hospital mortality and factors associated with an unfavourable course of LF in Germany between 2010 and 2019.
Results A total of 62,717 hospitalised LF cases were identified. Annual LF frequency decreased from 6716 (2010) to 5855 (2019) cases and was higher among males (60.51%). Hospital mortality was 38.08% and significantly declined over the observation period. Mortality significantly correlated with patients’ age and was highest among individuals with (sub)acute LF (47.5%). Multivariate regression analyses revealed pulmonary (ORARDS: 2.76, ORmechanical
ventilation: 6.46) and renal complications (ORacute
kidney failure: 2.04, ORhepatorenal
syndrome: 2.92) and sepsis (OR: 1.92) as factors for increased mortality. Liver transplantation reduced mortality in patients with (sub)acute LF. Hospital mortality significantly decreased with the annual LF case volume and ranged from 47.46% to 29.87% in low- or high-case-volume hospitals, respectively.
Conclusions Although incidence rates and hospital mortality of LF in Germany have constantly decreased, hospital mortality has remained at a very high level. We identified a number of variables associated with increased mortality that could help to improve framework conditions for the treatment of LF in the future.
Ökonomische und ökologische Effekte von Bandagehilfen
in der KPE Phase I des Lymphödems – eine explorative Analyse des
Materialverbrauchs in einer Sekundäranalyse einer Studie zu
Schaumstoffbandagehilfen
Authors: Kornappel Simone , Reißhauer Anett , Stroux Andrea , Liebl Max Emanuel 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bezogen auf klinische Wirksamkeit und Therapieeffekte von
Schaumstoff-Bandagehilfen in der KPE Phase I des Armlymphödems
führten die Autoren eine RCT durch, die die Nichtunterlegenheit der
Bandagehilfen im Vergleich zu Standarduntermaterial zeigte. Die parallele
Erfassung des Polstermaterialverbrauchs und der Applikationsdauer hat die Frage
nach ökonomischen und ökologischen Effekten anschließen
lassen.
Methoden Explorative Analyse des Materialverbrauches und der
Applikationszeit von Bandagehilfen im Vergleich mit Standardunterpolsterung in
der KPE Phase I bei Patient*innen mit sekundärem
Armlymphödem Stadium II bis III. Ergebnisse: 1. Materialverbrauch:
Insgesamt wurden im Beobachtungszeitraum in der Kontrollgruppe 50,7 m
Schlauchverband und 207 m Polsterwatte bei n=15 Probanden
verbraucht. Demgegenüber standen insgesamt 92 m
wiederverwendbare Schaumstoffbandagen bei n=15 Proband*innen in
der Interventionsgruppe. 2. Applikationszeit: In der Kontrollgruppe belief sich
die Applikationszeit im Mittel auf 13,4±3,4 min., in der
Inventionsgruppe auf 10,3±2,2 min. Die Analyse zeigt einen
signifikanten Gruppenunterschied (p=0.007).
Diskussion In der KPE Phase I zeigen sich bei Patient*innen mit
Armlymphödem Einsparungen in puncto Materialverbrauch und
Applikationsdauer unter Verwendung von Schaumstoffbandagen. Beide Parameter sind
für Physiotherapeut*innen und Einrichtungen auch von
ökonomischer Relevanz. Die Schaumstoffbandagen haben durch Waschbarkeit
und damit Wiederverwendbarkeit überdies ökologische Effekte.
Bislang übliche Polstermaterialien werden überwiegend nach der
Anwendung verworfen.
Oxidative C–N Bond Cleavage of Cyclic Amines with Ammonium Hypochlorite
Authors: Onomura Osamu , Kaieda Yuya , Yamamoto Kosuke , Toguchi Hiroyuki , Hanazawa Natsumi , Kuriyama Masami 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn oxidative C–N bond cleavage of cyclic amines has been developed under metal-free conditions, providing N-Cl-ω-amino acids in moderate to excellent yields. The reactions proceed by using tetramethylammonium hypochlorite (TMAOCl) as an oxidant even on a gram scale. Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag-type reaction of N-Cl-ω-amino acids to form cyclic amino acids has also been demonstrated.
An Intramolecular Radical C–N Coupling by N-Iodosuccinimide
Authors: Bera Shyamal Kanti , Bhanja Rosalin , Mal Prasenjit , Sahu Chandan Chittapriya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA useful method for the formation of benzimidazole-fused phenanthridines through an intramolecular coupling of unactivated C(sp2)–H and N(sp3)–H bonds using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in trifluoroethanol (TFE) is presented. The synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridines from 2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives is mild, efficient, and sustainable, with high yields and minimal waste generation. The control experiments and EPR studies were aimed at rationalizing the radical pathway of the reaction. Specifically, the use of 1,1-diphenylethylene, TEMPO, BHT, and DMPO as a free-radical spin-trapping reagent in EPR studies, allowed us to conceive a radical pathway. The gram-scale synthesis further supported the practical utility of the methodology for the field of synthetic chemistry.
Brain Tumor: A Review of Its Demographic in a Rural Hospital of Sibu in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Heng Yu Wei , Tan Kia Hooi , Yap Nelson Kok Bing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccording to World Health Organization's GLOBOCAN 2012 database, brain tumors account for about 2% of all cancers in Malaysia. It was ranked 11th and 13th most common cancer among males and females, respectively. This debilitating disease can cause a tremendous burden to patients and their families and healthcare services. The main objective of this study is to provide demographic data on the type of brain tumors and their distribution of age and gender from the cases presented to the neurosurgical department of a rural hospital in Sibu from 2018 to 2021. This is a retrospective study of the incidence and pattern of brain tumors admitted to the Neurosurgery Department in Sibu Hospital. Data were emanated from the brain tumor registry census from 2018 to 2021. Of all cases, only cases with confirmed histopathological results were included. Inoperable brain tumors that were diagnosed through radiological investigations were excluded. There were 230 patients with brain tumors included in this study. Males constituted 42.6% (n = 98) of the cases, whereas 57.4% (n = 132) of them were female. The brain tumor was the least common in the pediatric group (0 to 10 years old) with only 3.5% (n = 8). The incidence of brain tumors increased with age and reached its peak in the age group of 51 to 60 years (34.8%). The commonest type of brain tumor was meningioma (38.7%), followed by a metastatic brain tumor (25.2%) and glioma (15.6%). Meningothelial WHO grade I was the most common variant that accounted for 67% (n = 46) of all meningioma. Lung carcinoma was found to be the most common primary, accounting for more than half (69.0%) of the metastatic brain tumors, followed by breast cancer (10.3%), thyroid cancer (8.6%), female genital tract (8.6%), and malignant melanoma (3.5%). The crude incidence of the brain tumor in Sibu was 4.98 per 100,000 population/year. This study showed that the commonest brain tumor in central rural of Sarawak was meningioma, followed by metastatic brain tumor and glioma. Meningothelial is the most frequent subtype of meningioma, whereas lung carcinoma was the commonest primary in brain metastases. The peak age group was 51 to 60 years old, and females showed a higher incidence than males. This study provides a baseline profile of the brain tumor spectrum in rural Sarawak. More data should be collected to aid in future research and healthcare planning.
Morphological Factors affecting Coil-Only Embolization of Small Unruptured Aneurysms
Authors: Tenjin Hiroshi , Saito Osamu , Matsumoto Kuniaki , Asai Akio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Objective When small unruptured aneurysms (SUA) are embolized by coils, manipulation of the microcatheter and coil is limited because of their small size. Previous studies suggested that the morphology of the artery and aneurysm is important. In the present study, we clarified the morphological factors affecting coil-only embolization of SUA.
Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified 17 patients who underwent embolization for unruptured aneurysm with a maximum diameter less than 5 mm. We investigated the following: (1) the relationships among dome/neck ratio (D/N), height/neck ratio (H/N), height/dome ratio (H/D), projection of aneurysm-parent artery, and adverse events, (2) immediate and late occlusion, and (3) number of coils.
Results (1) Adverse events developed in three cases in which the H/D was smaller than 1 (p < 0.02). There was a significant difference in the rate of adverse events by projection of the aneurysm-parent artery (p < 0.03), (2) Occlusion rate: Immediately after coil embolization, 71% (12/17) were neck remnant; however, 88% (15/17) of SUA became complete occlusion in the follow-up term, and (3) 1.5 ± 0.6 coils were used.
Conclusion To achieve successful coil-only embolization in SUAs, it is important to select aneurysms for which the projection of the parent artery is suitable for embolizing and the H/D ratio is larger than 1. In SUAs, occlusion develops naturally after coil embolization.
Management of Brachial Plexus Birth Palsies: The Stanford Experience
Authors: Park Eugene , Fox Paige M. , Curtin Catherine , Hentz Vincent R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe start of Stanford's brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) experience dates back to 1983, when Dr. Vincent Rod Hentz visited Dr. Alain Gilbert on sabbatical. Since then, our principles of care for patients with BPBP have evolved based on our group's longitudinal experience caring for children with the entire spectrum of sequelae that arise in children with BPBP. We base our clinical decision making on frequent serial examinations and use intraoperative evoked potentials to guide surgical decisions. Here, we discuss our current principles on surgical indications, timing of surgery, and preferred techniques for secondary surgery in patients with BPBP.
Robust ring-opening reaction via asymmetrically coordinated Fe single atoms scaffolded by spoke-like mesoporous carbon nanospheres
Authors: Li Zhimin , Yan Yan , Liu Minjie , Qu Zehua , Yue Yongcheng , Mao Tong , Zhao Shuang , Liu Mingkai , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: March 2023

The ability to construct metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) asymmetrically coordinated with organic heteroatoms represents an important endeavor toward developing high-performance catalysts over symmetrically coordinated counterparts. Moreover, it is of key importance in creating supporting matrix with porous architecture for situating SACs as it greatly impacts the mass diffusion and transport of electrolyte. Herein, we report the crafting of Fe single atoms with asymmetrically coordinated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) atoms scaffolded by rationally designed mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCNs) with spoke-like nanochannels for boosting ring-opening reaction of epoxide to produce an array of pharmacologically important
β
-amino alcohols. Notably, interfacial defects in MCN derived from the use of sacrificial template create abundant unpaired electrons, thereby stably anchoring N and P atoms and in turn Fe atoms on MCN. Importantly, the introduction of P atom promotes the symmetry-breaking of common four N-coordinated Fe sites, resulting in the Fe-N
3
P sites on MCN (denoted Fe-N
3
P-MCN) with an asymmetric electronic configuration and thus superior catalytic capability. As such, the Fe-N
3
P-MCN catalysts manifest a high catalytic activity for ring-opening reaction of epoxide (97% yield) over the Fe-N
3
P docked on nonporous carbon surface (91%) as well as the sole Fe-N
4
SACs grounded on the same MCN support (89%). Density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe-N
3
P SAC lowers the activation barrier for the C–O bond cleavage and the C–N bond formation, thus accelerating the ring-opening of epoxide. Our study provides fundamental and practical insights into developing advanced catalysts in a simple and controllable manner for multistep organic reactions.
Tonic-signaling chimeric antigen receptors drive human regulatory T cell exhaustion
Authors: Lamarche Caroline , Ward-Hartstonge Kirsten , Mi Tian , Lin David T. S. , Huang Qing , Brown Andrew , Edwards Karlie , Novakovsky Gherman E. , Qi Christopher N. , Kobor Michael S. , Zebley Caitlin C. , Weber Evan W. , Mackall Crystal L. , Levings Megan K 
Published: March 2023

Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is a promising approach to improve outcomes in transplantation and autoimmunity. In conventional T cell therapy, chronic stimulation can result in poor in vivo function, a phenomenon termed exhaustion. Whether or not Tregs are also susceptible to exhaustion, and if so, if this would limit their therapeutic effect, was unknown. To “benchmark” exhaustion in human Tregs, we used a method known to induce exhaustion in conventional T cells: expression of a tonic-signaling chimeric antigen receptor (TS-CAR). We found that TS-CAR-expressing Tregs rapidly acquired a phenotype that resembled exhaustion and had major changes in their transcriptome, metabolism, and epigenome. Similar to conventional T cells, TS-CAR Tregs upregulated expression of inhibitory receptors and transcription factors such as PD-1, TIM3, TOX and BLIMP1, and displayed a global increase in chromatin accessibility-enriched AP-1 family transcription factor binding sites. However, they also displayed Treg-specific changes such as high expression of 4-1BB, LAP, and GARP. DNA methylation analysis and comparison to a CD8
+
T cell-based multipotency index showed that Tregs naturally exist in a relatively differentiated state, with further TS-CAR-induced changes. Functionally, TS-CAR Tregs remained stable and suppressive in vitro but were nonfunctional in vivo, as tested in a model of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. These data are the first comprehensive investigation of exhaustion in Tregs and reveal key similarities and differences with exhausted conventional T cells. The finding that human Tregs are susceptible to chronic stimulation–driven dysfunction has important implications for the design of CAR Treg adoptive immunotherapy strategies.
Statins enhance the efficacy of HER2-targeting radioligand therapy in drug-resistant gastric cancers
Authors: Rao Yi , Samuels Zachary , Carter Lukas M. , Monette Sebastien , Panikar Sandeep Surendra , Pereira Patricia M. R. , Lewis Jason S. 
Published: March 2023

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in various cancer types. HER2-targeting trastuzumab plus chemotherapy is used as first-line therapy for HER2-positive recurrent or primary metastatic gastric cancer, but intrinsic and acquired trastuzumab resistance inevitably develop over time. To overcome gastric cancer resistance to HER2-targeted therapies, we have conjugated trastuzumab with a beta-emitting therapeutic isotope, lutetium-177, to deliver radiation locally to gastric tumors with minimal toxicity. Because trastuzumab-based targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) requires only the extramembrane domain binding of membrane-bound HER2 receptors, HER2-targeting RLT can bypass any resistance mechanisms that occur downstream of HER2 binding. Leveraging our previous discoveries that statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, can enhance the cell surface-bound HER2 to achieve effective drug delivery in tumors, we proposed that the combination of statins and [
177
Lu]Lu-trastuzumab-based RLT can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of HER2-targeted RLT in drug-resistant gastric cancers. We demonstrate that lovastatin elevates cell surface HER2 levels and increases the tumor-absorbed radiation dose of [
177
Lu]Lu-DOTA-trastuzumab. Furthermore, lovastatin-modulated [
177
Lu]Lu-DOTA-trastuzumab RLT durably inhibits tumor growth and prolongs overall survival in mice bearing NCI-N87 gastric tumors and HER2-positive patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of known clinical resistance to trastuzumab therapy. Statins also exhibit a radioprotective effect, reducing radiotoxicity in a mice cohort given the combination of statins and [
177
Lu]Lu-DOTA-trastuzumab. Since statins are commonly prescribed to patients, our results strongly support the feasibility of clinical studies that combine lovastatin with HER2-targeted RLT in HER2-postive patients and trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive patients.
Immunoglobulin G subclasses confer protection against
Staphylococcus aureus
bloodstream dissemination through distinct mechanisms in mouse models
Authors: Chen Xinhai , Gula Haley , Pius Tonu , Ou Chong , Gomozkova Margaryta , Wang Lai-Xi , Schneewind Olaf , Missiakas Dominique 
Published: March 2023

Antibodies bind target molecules with exquisite specificity. The removal of these targets is mediated by the effector functions of antibodies. We reported earlier that the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3F6 promotes opsonophagocytic killing of
Staphylococcus aureus
in blood and reduces bacterial replication in animals. Here, we generated mouse immunoglobulin G (mIgG) subclass variants and observed a hierarchy in protective efficacy 3F6-mIgG2a > 3F6-mIgG1 ≥ 3F6-mIgG2b >> 3F6-mIgG3 following bloodstream challenge of C57BL/6J mice. This hierarchy was not observed in BALB/cJ mice: All IgG subclasses conferred similar protection. IgG subclasses differ in their ability to activate complement and interact with Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on immune cells. 3F6-mIgG2a-dependent protection was lost in FcγR-deficient, but not in complement-deficient C57BL/6J animals. Measurements of the relative ratio of FcγRIV over complement receptor 3 (CR3) on neutrophils suggest the preferential expression of FcγRIV in C57BL/6 mice and of CR3 in BALB/cJ mice. To determine the physiological significance of these differing ratios, blocking antibodies against FcγRIV or CR3 were administered to animals before challenge. Correlating with the relative abundance of each receptor, 3F6-mIgG2a-dependent protection in C57BL/6J mice showed a greater reliance for FcγRIV while protection in BALB/cJ mice was only impaired upon neutralization of CR3. Thus, 3F6-based clearance of
S. aureus
in mice relies on a strain-specific contribution of variable FcγR- and complement-dependent pathways. We surmise that these variabilities are the result of genetic polymorphism(s) that may be encountered in other mammals including humans and may have clinical implications in predicting the efficacy of mAb-based therapies.
Treg cells require Izumo1R to regulate γδT cell-driven inflammation in the skin
Authors: Zarin Payam , Shwartz Yulia , Ortiz-Lopez Adriana , Hanna Bola S. , Sassone-Corsi Martina , Hsu Ya-chieh , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe 
Published: March 2023

Izumo1R is a pseudo-folate receptor with an essential role in mediating tight oocyte/spermatozoa contacts during fertilization. Intriguingly, it is also expressed in CD4
+
T lymphocytes, in particular Treg cells under the control of Foxp3. To understand Izumo1R function in Treg cells, we analyzed mice with Treg-specific
Izumo1r
deficiency (Iz1rTrKO). Treg differentiation and homeostasis were largely normal, with no overt autoimmunity and only marginal increases in PD1
+
and CD44
hi
Treg phenotypes. pTreg differentiation was also unaffected. Iz1rTrKO mice proved uniquely susceptible to imiquimod-induced, γδT cell-dependent, skin disease, contrasting with normal responses to several inflammatory or tumor challenges, including other models of skin inflammation. Analysis of Iz1rTrKO skin revealed a subclinical inflammation that presaged IMQ-induced changes, with an imbalance of Rorγ+ γδT cells. Immunostaining of normal mouse skin revealed the expression of Izumo1, the ligand for Izumo1R, electively in dermal γδT cells. We propose that Izumo1R on Tregs enables tight contacts with γδT cells, thereby controlling a particular path of skin inflammation.
Soft shadow images
Authors: Grebe-Ellis Johannes , Quick Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In traditional optics education, shadows are often regarded as a mere triviality, namely as silhouettes of obstacles to the propagation of light. However, by examining a series of shadow phenomena from an embedded perspective, we challenge this view and demonstrate how in general both the shape of the object and light source have significant impact on the resulting soft shadow images. Through experimental and mathematical analysis of the imaging properties of inverse objects, we develop a generalized concept of shadow images as complementary phenomena. Shadow images are instructive examples of optical convolution and provide an opportunity to learn about the power of embedded perspective for the study of optical phenomena in the classroom. Additionally, we introduce the less-known phenomenon of the bright shadow.