bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lévy flight and disrupt operator‐based elephant herding optimization for global optimization problems and feature selection to classify medical data
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Singh Birmohan , Kaur Manpreet 
Published: May 2023

SummaryMetaheuristic techniques have gained the attention of many researchers in the last few years. These techniques are used to solve real‐world optimization problems as well as for feature selection. This work proposes a lévy flight and disrupt operator‐based elephant herding optimization algorithm (LDEHO). In the proposed algorithm, opposition based‐learning is utilized to commence with better initial positions. Lévy flight and matriarch mean are introduced to update the positions of clan individuals. In addition, the disruption phenomenon is introduced to generate new individuals for replacing the worst clan individuals. Further, an elitism scheme is introduced to preserve the best search agents in consecutive iterations. The performance of the proposed LDEHO algorithm is validated on 97 benchmark functions. A comparative analysis of the proposed LDEHO algorithm with fourteen state‐of‐the‐art algorithms has been made. Results show the high potential of the LDEHO algorithm in solving the benchmark functions. Further, Friedman's mean rank test and multiple comparison tests are applied to demonstrate the statistically significant difference between the algorithms. Moreover, a binary version of the proposed LDEHO algorithm is introduced for feature selection to classify the medical datasets. The performance of the binary LDEHO is validated on 15 medical datasets and compared with six state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. Results show the supremacy of the binary LDEHO for feature selection to classify the medical data. Friedman's test proves that the proposed binary LDEHO algorithm is statistically different and better than other algorithms.
A Hybrid S‐Scheme WS2/BiOI Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Bavani Thirugnanam , Preeyanghaa Mani , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw , Madhavan Jagannathan , Balaji Dhandapani 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is a growing demand for efficient methods to decrease hazardous organic contaminants in wastewater. Herein, a novel S‐scheme WS2/BiOI heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by a one‐pot solvothermal process. The structural morphology, crystal structure and optical absorption studies were studied. The sugar‐like nanocrystals of WS2 are deposited on 3D‐BiOI marigold flowers, providing high surface area with increased visible light absorption. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials was studied by visible light degradation of Rhodamine‐B (RhB). The optimized 20 wt.% WS2 in the composite photocatalyst (band gap 2.25 eV) exhibited a 98.9 % photocatalytic degradation activity with a rate constant of 0.0940 min−1 with performance retained after 3 consecutive recycling runs. Photoelectrochemical studies revealed excellent stability, increased separation and migration ability of charge carriers with lower charge resistance in the optimized WS2/BiOI photocatalyst.
A unified modeling approach for characterization of fractional‐order memory elements
Authors: Oluwatosin Oresanya Babajide , Si Gangquan , Xu Xiang , Gong Jiahui , Guo Zhang 
Published: May 2023

SummaryA generalized mathematical model for current‐controlled fractional‐order memory elements is introduced in this work. The model characterizes constant‐phase elements (CPEs) when its nonlinearity parameter is zero (
); otherwise (
), it characterizes three main types of fractional‐order memory elements (memristor, meminductor, and memcapacitor). Time‐domain analyses of the voltage and energy relations of the model are derived and verified via numerical and circuit simulations. Some new deductions on the effects of the respective fractional‐order values are recorded: Each fractional‐order element transposes into their corresponding resistive or memristive properties as their fractional‐order values are varied; the meminductor's voltage response have undesired initial trails due to the fractional differentiator; the hysteresis loop of the meminductor is only pinched when its fractional‐order values are unequal. A new CPE emulator circuit is designed, and a generalized memelement emulator is also designed and verified in PSpice circuit simulator: Circuit simulation results confirm the numerical analysis in all cases.
Otterly delicious: Spatiotemporal variation in the diet of a recovering population of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) revealed throughDNAmetabarcoding and morphological analysis of prey remains
Authors: Drake Lorna E. , Cuff Jordan P. , Bedmar Sergio , McDonald Robbie , Symondson William O. C. , Chadwick Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEurasian otters are apex predators of freshwater ecosystems and a recovering species across much of their European range; investigating the dietary variation of this predator over time and space, therefore, provides opportunities to identify changes in freshwater trophic interactions and factors influencing the conservation of otter populations. Here we sampled feces from 300 dead otters across England and Wales between 2007 and 2016, conducting both morphological analyses of prey remains and dietary DNA metabarcoding. Comparison of these methods showed that greater taxonomic resolution and breadth could be achieved using DNA metabarcoding but combining data from both methodologies gave the most comprehensive dietary description. All otter demographics exploited a broad range of taxa and variation likely reflected changes in prey distributions and availability across the landscape. This study provides novel insights into the trophic generalism and adaptability of otters across Britain, which is likely to have aided their recent population recovery, and may increase their resilience to future environmental changes.
Comparing study features is easy but identifying next steps is hard: Evaluating critical thinking through the Biology Lab Inventory of Critical Thinking in Ecology
Authors: Heim Ashley B. , Esparza David , Holmes N. G. , Smith Michelle K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCritical thinking, which can be defined as the evidence‐based ways in which people decide what to trust and what to do, is an important competency included in many undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. To help instructors effectively measure critical thinking, we developed the Biology Lab Inventory of Critical Thinking in Ecology (Eco‐BLIC), a freely available, closed‐response assessment of undergraduate students' critical thinking in ecology. The Eco‐BLIC includes ecology‐based experimental scenarios followed by questions that measure how students decide on what to trust and what to do next. Here, we present the development of the Eco‐BLIC using tests of validity and reliability. Using student responses to questions and think‐aloud interviews, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the Eco‐BLIC at measuring students' critical thinking skills. We find that while students generally think like experts while evaluating what to trust, students' responses are less expert‐like when deciding on what to do next.
Pain tolerance after stroke: The Tromsø study
Authors: Melum Tonje Anita , Årnes Anders P. , Stigum Hein , Stubhaug Audun , Steingrímsdóttir Ólöf Anna , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. , Nielsen Christopher S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundStroke lesions might alter pain processing and modulation by affecting the widely distributed network of brain regions involved. We aimed to compare pain tolerance in stroke survivors and stroke‐free persons in the general population, with and without chronic pain.MethodsWe included all participants of the sixth and seventh wave of the population‐based Tromsø Study who had been tested with the cold pressor test (hand in cold water bath, 3°C, maximum time 106 s in the sixth wave and 120 s in the seventh) and who had information on previous stroke status and covariates. Data on stroke status were obtained from the Tromsø Study Cardiovascular Disease Register and the Norwegian Stroke Register. Cox regression models were fitted using stroke prior to study attendance as the independent variable, cold pressor endurance time as time variable and hand withdrawal from cold water as event. Statistical adjustments were made for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, body mass index and smoking.ResultsIn total 21,837 participants were included, 311 of them with previous stroke. Stroke was associated with decreased cold pain tolerance time, with 28% increased hazard of hand withdrawal (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.10–1.50). The effect was similar in participants with (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.99–1.66) and without chronic pain (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.59).ConclusionsStroke survivors, with and without chronic pain, had lower cold pressor pain tolerance, with possible clinical implications for pain in this group.SignificanceWe found lower pain tolerance in participants with previous stroke compared to stroke‐free participants of a large, population‐based study. The association was present both in those with and without chronic pain. The results may warrant increased awareness by health professionals towards pain experienced by stroke patients in response to injuries, diseases and procedures.
Robot‐assisted stereoencephalography vs subdural electrodes in the evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Gorbachuk Mykola , Machetanz Kathrin , Weinbrenner Eliane , Grimm Florian , Wuttke Thomas V. , Wang Sophie , Ethofer Silke , Tatagiba Marcos , Rona Sabine , Honegger Jürgen , Naros Georgios 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveInvasive video‐electroencephalography (iVEEG) is the gold standard for evaluation of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy before second stage resective surgery (SSRS). Traditionally, the presumed seizure onset zone (SOZ) has been covered with subdural electrodes (SDE), a very invasive procedure prone to complications. Temporal stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) with conventional frame‐based stereotaxy is time‐consuming and impeded by the geometry of the frame. The introduction of robotic assistance promised a simplification of temporal SEEG implantation. However, the efficacy of temporal SEEG in iVEEG remains unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to describe the efficiency and efficacy of SEEG in iVEEG of temporal lobe epilepsy.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 60 consecutive patients with medically intractable epilepsy who underwent iVEEG of a potential temporal SOZ by SDE (n = 40) or SEEG (n = 20). Surgical time efficiency was analyzed by the skin‐to‐skin time (STS) and the total procedure time (TPT) and compared between groups (SDE vs SEEG). Surgical risk was depicted by the 90‐day complication rate. Temporal SOZ were treated by SSRS. Favorable outcome (Engel°1) was assessed after 1 year of follow‐up.ResultsRobot‐assisted SEEG significantly reduced the duration of surgery (STS and TPT) compared to SDE implantations. There was no significant difference in complication rates. Notably, all surgical revisions in this study were attributed to SDE. Unilateral temporal SOZ was detected in 34/60 cases. Of the 34 patients, 30 underwent second stage SSRS. Both SDE and SEEG had a good predictive value for the outcome of temporal SSRS with no significant group difference.SignificanceRobot‐assisted SEEG improves the accessibility of the temporal lobe for iVEEG by increasing surgical time efficiency and by simplifying trajectory selection without losing its predictive value for SSRS.
Real‐world safety and effectiveness of cenobamate in patients with focal onset seizures: Outcomes from an Expanded Access Program
Authors: Villanueva Vicente , Santos‐Carrasco Daniel , Cabezudo‐García Pablo , Gómez‐Ibáñez Asier , Garcés Mercedes , Serrano‐Castro Pedro , Castro‐Vilanova Maria D. , Sayas Débora , Lopez‐Gonzalez Francisco J. , Rodríguez‐Osorio Xiana , Torres‐Gaona Gustavo , Saiz‐Diaz Rosa A. , Hampel Kevin G. , Martinez‐Ferri Meritxell , Aguilar‐Amat Maria J. , Mercedes‐Alvarez Blanca , García‐Morales Vanessa , del Villar‐Igea Ana , Massot‐Tarrús Andreu , Rodríguez‐Uranga Juan J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated early, real‐world outcomes with cenobamate (CNB) in a large series of patients with highly drug‐resistant epilepsy within a Spanish Expanded Access Program (EAP).MethodThis was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study in 14 hospitals. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, focal seizures, and EAP authorization. Data were sourced from patient clinical records. Primary effectiveness endpoints included reductions (100%, ≥90%, ≥75%, and ≥50%) or worsening in seizure frequency at 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month visits and at the last visit. Safety endpoints included rates of adverse events (AEs) and AEs leading to discontinuation.ResultsThe study included 170 patients. At baseline, median epilepsy duration was 26 years and median number of seizures/month was 11.3. The median number of prior antiseizure medications (ASMs) and concomitant ASMs were 12 and 3, respectively. Mean CNB dosages/day were 176 mg, 200 mg, and 250 mg at 3, 6, and 12 months. Retention rates were 98.2%, 94.5%, and 87% at 3, 6, and 12 months. At last available visit, the rate of seizure freedom was 13.3%; ≥90%, ≥75%, and ≥50% responder rates were 27.9%, 45.5%, and 63%, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the number of seizures per month (mean: 44.6%; median: 66.7%) between baseline and the last visit (P < 0.001). Responses were maintained regardless of the number of prior or concomitant ASMs. The number of concomitant ASMs was reduced in 44.7% of patients. The cumulative percentage of patients with AEs and AEs leading to discontinuation were 68.2% and 3.5% at 3 months, 74.1% and 4.1% at 6 months, and 74.1% and 4.1% at 12 months. The most frequent AEs were somnolence and dizziness.SignificanceIn this highly refractory population, CNB showed a high response regardless of prior and concomitant ASMs. AEs were frequent but mostly mild‐to‐moderate, and few led to discontinuation.
Chemical compositions and biological activities of Serevenia buxifolia essential oil leaves cultivated in Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue)
Authors: Bui Anh Vo , Pham Thanh Vy , Nguyen Kim Ngan , Nguyen Nhat Tan , Huynh Khanh Duy , Dang Van‐Son , Ruml Tomas , Truong Dieu‐Hien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSerevenia buxifolia is an evergreen citrus plant and has attracted considerable attention due to its bioactive components and biological activities. In the present study, the essential oil (EO) from S. buxifolia cultivated in Vietnam was demonstrated to exhibit the in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti‐hemolysis, anti‐inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Briefly, the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the leaf EO of S. buxifolia was composed of 33 components, with the main constituents being β‐carypphyllene (32.5%), and elixene (9.8%). The extracted oil possessed a fairly high free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with an IC50 value of 190.7 μg/mL compared with positive control, α‐tocopherol, IC50 value of 42.6 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited thrombolytic activity: the percentage of inhibition was found to be 70.75% at 100 μL, in comparison with 87.2% for the positive control, streptokinase. For hemolytic activity, the percentage of inhibition of the EO was from 27.4% to 59.6% at concentrations from 10 to 100 μg/mL, respectively. The results of in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity indicated that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves effectively protects the heat‐induced denaturation, with an IC50 value of 40.25 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited antidiabetic potential, with IC50 values of 87.8 and 134.9 μg/mL against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, respectively. It is noteworthy that the potent biological activities of the obtained S. buxifolia oil increased in a dose‐dependent manner. The results achieved show that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves can be a potential source for oxidative stress, inflammatory, and diabetic management.
Long‐term outcomes of modern multidisciplinary management of sinonasal cancers: The M. D. Anderson experience
Authors: Bahig Houda , Ehab Hanna Y. , Garden Adam S. , Ng Sweet Ping , Frank Steven J. , Nguyen Theresa , Gunn Gary B. , Rosenthal David I. , Fuller Clifton D. , Ferrarotto Renata , Bell Diana , Su Shirley , Phan Jack 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo report long‐term outcomes of modern radiotherapy for sinonasal cancers.Methods and materialsA retrospective analysis of patients with sinonasal tumors treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy or proton therapy. Multivariate analysis was used to determine predictive variables of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsThree hundred and eleven patients were included, with median follow‐up of 75 months. The most common histologies were squamous cell (42%), adenoid cystic (15%), and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (15%). Induction chemotherapy was administered to 47% of patients; 68% had adjuvant radiotherapy. Ten‐year local control, regional control, distant metastasis free survival, PFS, and overall survival rates were 73%, 88%, 47%, 32%, and 51%, respectively. Age, non‐nasal cavity tumor site, T3‐4 stage, neck dissection, and radiation dose were predictive of PFS, while age, non‐nasal cavity tumor site, T3‐4 stage, positive margins, neck dissection, and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were predictive of OS. There was a 13% rate of late grade ≥3 toxicities.ConclusionThis cohort of patients with sinonasal cancer treated with modern radiotherapy demonstrates favorable disease control rate and acceptable toxicity profile.
The effect of work stress on turnover intention amongst family doctors: A conditional process analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Xin , Dai Liyi , Long Yulin , Wang Zhuo , Shindo Kenyiti 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore describe the mechanism between work stress, job satisfaction, perceived organizational support and turnover intention amongst family doctors in China, and to provide reference for improving the brain drain of family doctors.MethodUsing convenience sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2358 family doctors in 13 provinces in eastern, central and western China. Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to explore the effects of job stress, job satisfaction and perceived organizational support on family doctors' turnover intention.ResultsFamily doctors' work stress was positively correlated with turnover intention (β = 0.631, p＜0.001), job satisfaction played a partial mediating role in the influence path of work stress on turnover intention (β = 0.9175, p＜0.001), perceived organizational support played a moderating role in the relationship between work stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention (β = 0.124, p＜0.05; β = −0.022, p＜0.05).ConclusionHospital managers should take corresponding measures to reduce the work stress of family doctors, improve their job satisfaction, and provide more support and attention to family doctors to ensure the stable development of family doctors in China.
Will I love my second baby as much as my first? Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of maternal‐fetal relationship anxiety for second‐time mothers
Authors: Volling Brenda L. , Tan Lin , Rosenberg Lauren , Bader Lauren R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost mothers have more than one child. Second‐time mothers may worry about whether they will love the second baby as much as their first child. The current study examined mothers’ maternal‐fetal relationship anxiety (MFRA) to their second baby, the prediction of mother‐infant bonding (MIB) and infant‐mother attachment security post‐partum, and the psychosocial correlates of mothers’ MFRA during pregnancy. Mothers (N = 241, 85.9% White, 5.4% Black, 2.9% Asian/American, 3.7% Latina) and their second‐born infants (55% boys) living in the Midwestern United States participated in a longitudinal investigation starting in the last trimester of pregnancy, and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum. Most women reported little to no anxiety about forming an attachment to their second baby (89.1%). MFRA predicted less maternal warmth toward the baby at 1, 4, and 8 months postpartum, but did not predict security of the infant‐mother attachment at 12 months. Prenatal MFRA was also related to maternal depressive symptoms, an insecure attachment with the first child, more marital distress, and more adult attachment avoidance and ambivalence prenatally. Mothers worrying about loving a second baby as much as their first child may be experiencing other psychosocial risks that have repercussions for the developing mother‐infant relationship.
Dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about marijuana and its effects on patients’ oral health
Authors: Grover Simran , McDonough Robert , Smaellie Kendrick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThis article seeks to determine dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward patients’ marijuana use and whether dental students would like additional marijuana education.MethodsPredoctoral dental students were invited in 2021 to complete a questionnaire regarding marijuana's oral health effects, their comfort discussing marijuana with patients and their interest in additional training.ResultsAmong participants (n = 206, 32.7% response rate), most were familiar with smoked, smokeless and edible methods, but only 39.3% were familiar with topical applications. Only 29.6% of preclinical and 32.2% of clinical Doctor of Dental Medicine students agreed that smoking marijuana was detrimental to one's health, compared to 64.6% of internationally trained Advanced Standing students. Significantly more clinical students (70.6%) could identify how often they treat patients having used marijuana compared to the estimates of preclinical students (36.7%), although 44.2% of all students indicated they were unsure. Not surprisingly, more preclinical students were uncomfortable treating patients during routine dental procedures (45.6% preclinical vs. 32.8% clinical) and when administering local anesthesia (45.6% preclinical vs. 38.8% clinical) due to not yet providing direct patient care. A majority of both preclinical (92.2%) and clinical (89.7%) students agreed they would benefit from more marijuana education. Clinical students preferred adding a brief introductory seminar while preclinical students preferred multiple lectures throughout the curriculum.ConclusionAs states legalize medical and recreational marijuana use, dental schools need to evaluate marijuana education in their curriculum and develop resources so students can feel comfortable and confident in their ability to identify and safely treat patients who use marijuana.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in patients enrolled on the Children's Oncology Group standard‐risk B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia trial, AALL1731
Authors: Elgarten Caitlin W. , Kairalla John A. , Thompson Joel C. , Miller Tamara P. , Wang Cindy , Conway Susan , Loh Mignon L. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Gupta Sumit , Rau Rachel E. , Angiolillo Anne , Rabin Karen R. , Alexander Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHematologic malignancy is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in adults; however, data specific to children with leukemia are limited. High‐quality infectious adverse event data from the ongoing Children's Oncology Group (COG) standard‐risk B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LLy) trial, AALL1731, were analyzed to provide a disease‐specific estimate of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection outcomes in pediatric ALL. Of 253 patients with reported infections, the majority (77.1%) were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (CTCAE grade 1/2) and there was a single COVID‐19‐related death. These data suggest SARS‐CoV‐2 infection does not confer substantial morbidity among young patients with B‐lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B‐ALL/LLy).