bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E prostanoid receptor‐3 promotes oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced human aortic smooth muscle cells inflammation
Authors: Hu Chuang‐Jia , Wang Yan‐Wei , Huang Wei‐Xing , Xia Yu‐Bin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe progression of atherosclerosis can lead to the occurrence of multiple cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, etc.). E prostanoid receptor‐3 (EP3) is known to participate in the progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which EP3 modulates the development of atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsApoE−/− mice were used to construct in vivo model of atherosclerosis. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were stimulated with oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) to construct in vitro model of atherosclerosis. mRNA expressions were assessed by qRT‐PCR, and western blot was applied to assess the protein levels. CCK‐8 assay was applied to assess the cell viability. The inflammatory cytokines levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry was applied to assess cell apoptosis. In vivo experiment was constructed to investigate the impact of EP3 in atherosclerosis development. L‐798106 (EP3 inhibitor) significantly inhibited the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerosis in vivo. EP3 inhibitor (L‐798106) significantly reversed ox‐LDL‐caused HASMCs injury via inhibiting the apoptosis and inflammatory responses (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) in HASMCs were elevated by ox‐LDL, whereas L‐798106 or knockdown of cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element‐binding protein (CREB) notably restored this phenomenon (P < 0.05). EP3 overexpression further aggravated ox‐LDL‐induced inflammation in HASMCs, and EP3 up‐regulated the levels of IL‐17 and ICAM‐1 in ox‐LDL‐treated HASMCs (P < 0.05). EP3 up‐regulation promoted the inflammatory responses in ox‐LDL‐treated HASMCs through mediation of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB/IL‐17/ICAM‐1 axis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsEP3 inhibitor alleviates ox‐LDL‐induced HASMC inflammation via mediation of cAMP/PKA/CREB/IL‐17/ICAM‐1 axis. Our study might shed new lights on discovering novel strategies against atherosclerosis.
Stability assessment and development of design criteria for SCBF systems with in‐plane buckling braces
Authors: Patra Pratik , Sahoo Dipti Ranjan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpecial concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) with in‐plane buckling (IPB) braces are often designed using the provisions applicable for out‐of‐plane buckling (OOPB) brace systems. As a result, the IPB brace systems may fail in the undesirable modes as observed in past experimental studies. In this study, a novel simplified analytical formulation based on the rigid beam spring model (RBSM) has been proposed to prevent the out‐of‐plane buckling of IPB braces. A high‐fidelity finite element model (FEM) is generated and validated with the experimental studies incorporating the influence of the residual stress, imperfection, and strain hardening. The variability, sensitivity, and uncertainties involved in predicting the direction of buckling of braces are examined. A parametric study has been carried out to investigate the influence of thickness and clearance of the gusset and knife plates, geometric imperfections, slenderness ratios, compactness ratios, residual stresses, and frame actions considering the most destabilizing effect in the OOPB mode. The third mode of buckling, termed as the mixed‐mode of buckling, has been observed in this study. A design criterion is proposed to get the desired IPB mode of buckling of braces in SCBFs. Multivariate regression analysis is carried out to incorporate the impact of various parameters as well as uncertainties in the formulation of the design criteria. The validity of the proposed equation is verified by comparing the findings of past experimental studies for various loading scenarios. Finally, a resistance factor of 0.8 in the LRFD approach has been proposed for the IPB brace systems.
Influence of friction velocity and saltation intensity on the particle‐size distribution of dust (PM32) emitted from an agricultural soil
Authors: Panebianco Juan Esteban , Avecilla Fernando , Funk Roger , Buschiazzo Daniel Eduardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe size distribution of dust emitted from soils determines particle attributes such as the enrichment in elements that are important for biogeochemical cycles, global climate and human health. There is an ongoing discussion about the size distribution of dust and its relationship with saltation and wind speed. In this work, we present our own results and discuss them in the context of other studies, emphasizing on dust emission from agricultural soils, which is relatively complex and less studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the particle size distribution of the emitted dust or particulate matter (PM) up to 32 μm in diameter (PM32) from an agricultural sandy soil under two saltation‐supply conditions, using a wind tunnel coupled to a dust‐suspension chamber. We found strong correlations between friction velocity, saltation flux and dust emission. Additional saltation supply increased the total dust PM32 emission at high wind speeds up to three‐fold. Correlation between wind speed and dust concentration was best explained by a power law, with exponents up to 12.04 for the 20 to 32 μm particle‐size range under high‐saltation conditions, but much lower (up to 4.34) for the 0.25 to 1 μm size range under low saltation. An increase of the wind speed affected significantly the concentration of the coarser dust fraction (PM > 10 μm), but affected less the concentration of fine dust (PM from 10 to 1 μm) and did not affect the concentration of the ultrafine (PM < 1 μm) fraction in the suspension chamber. Results found suggest that dust is mostly produced from particles less than 60 μm in diameter, both by fragmentation and direct wind lift. Results found herein reinforce one of the existent theories, but raise questions about the influence of the soil type, and the place and timing of the sampling arrangements.
The processes of firebrand deposition and accumulation from wind‐driven firebrand showers
Authors: Suzuki Sayaka , Manzello Samuel L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFirebrands, or smoldering and/or flaming particles, are in fact the main culprit to destroy structures in large outdoor fires. A recent comprehensive review of firebrand combustion reported that deposition and subsequent accumulation processes remain largely unexplored. As part of this work, a series of experiments were undertaken to investigate firebrand deposition and accumulation processes in the National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD)'s wind facility. A reduced‐scale firebrand generator was utilized, and various flow obstructions were placed downstream of these firebrand generators to better understand these complex deposition processes. Results of these investigations for multiple wind speeds, firebrand size and mass distributions, and obstacle placement are presented and discussed.
A constrained proper orthogonal decomposition model for upscaling permeability
Authors: Onimisi Temiloluwa Atinuke , Lashore Babatunde Oluwaseyi , Akanji Lateef T. , Gomes Jefferson Luis Melo de Almeida 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReservoir modeling and simulation are vital components of modern reservoir management processes. Despite the advances in computing power and the advent of smart technologies, the implementation of model‐based operational/control strategies has been limited by the inherent complexity of reservoir models. Thus, reduce order models that not only reduce the cost of the implementation but also provide geological consistent prediction are essential. This article introduces reduced‐order models based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) coupled with linear interpolation for upscaling. First, using POD‐based models, low rank approximate (LRA) are obtained by projecting the high dimensional permeability dataset to a low dimensional subspace spanned by its trajectories to decorrelate the dataset. Next, the LRA is integrated into the interpolation algorithm to generate upscaled values. This technique is highly scalable since low‐rank approximations are achieved by the variation in the number of modes used for reconstruction. To test the validity and reliability of the model, we show its application to the practical dataset from SPE10 benchmark case2. From statistics of the error analysis, the classical POD algorithm seems to be more preferred for LRA; however, since non‐negativity of the permeability data set is a priority, the constrained POD (non‐negative POD) algorithm described in this article is more appropriate. Finally, we compared the POD‐based models to a traditional industry‐standard upscaling technique (e.g., arithmetic mean) to highlight our model benefits/performance. Results show that the POD‐based models, particularly the non‐negative POD model, produce considerably less error than the arithmetic mean model in the upscaling process.
Detecting mitochondrial mutations associated with aminoglycoside ototoxicity by noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Huang Quanfei , Liu Yanhui , Lei Wei , Liang Jiajie , Wang Yang , Zheng Minhua , Huang Xiaoyan , Liu Yuanru , Huang Kaisheng , Huang Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesNumerous diseases and disorders are associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, among which m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T mutations in the 12 S ribosomal RNA gene contribute to aminoglycoside‐induced and nonsyndromic hearing loss worldwide.MethodsA total of 76,842 qualified non‐invasive prenatal (NIPT) samples were subjected to mtDNA mutation and haplogroup analysis.ResultsWe detected 181 m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T mutations, 151 of which were subsequently sequenced for full‐length mitochondrial genome verification. The positive predictive values for the m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T mutations were 90.78% and 90.00%, respectively, a performance comparable to that attained with newborn hearing screening. Furthermore, mitochondrial haplogroup analysis revealed that the 12 S rRNA 1555A > G mutation was enriched in sub‐haplotype D5[p = 0, OR = 4.6706(2.81–7.78)].ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the non‐invasive prenatal testing of cell‐free DNA obtained from maternal plasma can successfully detect m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T mutations.
Community resilience and continuous challenges: A qualitative analysis of the functioning of communities in the aftermath of persistent and ordinary stressors
Authors: Rochira Alessia , De Simone Evelyn , Mannarini Terri 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study aimed at investigating the functioning of communities in the aftermath of continuous challenges and identifying standards for describing resilient paths based on the perspective of community members. A qualitative investigation was carried out in 11 territorial communities of Salento, in southern Italy. Fifty‐two key informants were interviewed and interview transcripts were submitted to thematic content analysis through Atlas.Ti. Overall, the interviewees reported that their communities suffer from a varied set of complex and interrelated adverse circumstances that have increased their vulnerability. The respondents have a clear idea about the community strengths and weaknesses that either allow or impede adaptive responses, though they did not understand the latter in separation from the slow‐onset events that have contributed to causing them. On the basis of findings, resilient paths facing continuous challenges can be described as trajectories of functioning allowing the communities to survive and progress through adaptive and maladaptive responses.
Pediatric Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Exposure–Response Analysis of Ambrisentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Comparison With Adult Data
Authors: Okour Malek , Thapar Mita M. , Farrell Colm , Lukas Mary Ann , Beghetti Maurice , Beerahee Misba 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of ambrisentan in pediatric patients (8 to <18 years) with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and compare pediatric ambrisentan systemic exposure with previously reported adult data. Association of ambrisentan exposure with efficacy (6‐minute walking distance) and safety (adverse events) were exploratory analyses. A population PK model was developed using pediatric PK data. Steady‐state systemic exposure metrics were estimated for the pediatric population and compared with previously reported data in adult patients with PAH and healthy subjects. No covariates had a significant effect on PK parameters; therefore, the final covariate model was the same as the base model. The pediatric population PK model was a 2‐compartment model including the effect of body weight (allometric scaling), first‐order absorption and elimination, and absorption lag time. Steady‐state ambrisentan exposure was similar between the pediatric and adult population when accounting for body weight differences. Geometric mean area under the concentration‐time curve at steady state in pediatric patients receiving ambrisentan low dose was 3% lower than in the adult population (and similar in both populations receiving high dose). Geometric mean maximum plasma concentration at steady state in pediatric patients receiving low and high doses was 11% and 18% higher, respectively, than in the adult population. There was no apparent association in the pediatric or adult population between ambrisentan exposure and change in 6‐minute walking distance or incidence of ambrisentan‐related adverse events in pediatric patients. The similar ambrisentan exposure and exposure–response profiles observed in pediatric and adult populations with PAH suggests appropriateness of body‐weight–based dosing in the pediatric population with PAH.
The effects of language learning and math mindsets on academic success in an engineering program
Authors: Kaya Sibel , Yuksel Dogan , Curle Samantha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMindsets are based on two basic assumptions: some people think that their intellectual abilities can be developed through hard work and instruction (i.e., a growth mindset), whereas others believe that nothing can change their level of intellectual ability (i.e., a fixed mindset). The association between mindsets and academic achievement has been examined in different academic subjects, such as biology and math. However, no previous study has examined the effects of language learning mindsets (LLMs) and math mindsets (MMs) on academic success in an English medium instruction (EMI) setting in which English, rather than the first language of the students, is used for teaching content (e.g., mechatronics engineering).Purpose/HypothesisThis study explores the relationship between Turkish mechatronics engineering undergraduate students' domain‐specific mindsets, LLMs and MMs, and their academic success.Design/MethodStudent test scores for English medium and first‐language medium courses were collected from fourth‐year students studying mechatronics engineering (n = 68) at a public university in Turkey. Students also completed the LLM and MM inventories.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that growth LLM and MM were positive predictors of EMI and Turkish medium of instruction (TMI) academic success, whereas fixed LLM and MM were negative predictors of EMI and TMI academic success.ConclusionsIn both EMI and TMI courses, a growth mindset in math and language learning can profoundly predict students' academic achievement in a mechatronics engineering program. We argue that domain‐specific mindsets can effectively explain the self‐theories of intelligence and achievement.
Authentication of Bistortae Rhizoma and its three adulterants based on their macroscopic morphology and microscopic characteristics
Authors: Wang Huan , Zou Hang , Cheng Cheng , Wang Weining , Wang Siyi , Wang Dongmei , Pan Yingni , Qu Shouhe , Liu Xiaoqiu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBistortae Rhizoma (Quanshen), a dried rhizome of Polygonum bistorta L., is edited in Chinese Pharmacopiea as only one of species of Polygonum. There are many adulterants were used as Quanshen such as “Eryeliao,” “Taipingyangliao” and “Daogenliao” because of its remarkable functions. Previous researches had shown that there were not significant differences among them. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive authentication of these herbs samples. Analyses of the microscopic features of the powders and transverse sections of herbs are the most significant measures of accreditation of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, microscopic observation of powders of the herbs and cross‐sectional tissues were performed by using common light microscopy, polarized light microscopy and combining PCA analysis to identify Quanshen and three adulterants. We found that calcium oxalate clusters can be a good microscopic marker index to distinguish Quabshen and Eryeliao. In addition, Quanshen and the other two can be further distinguished by the characteristics of cork layer cells and vascular bundles on transverse section of the rhizome. Our results showed that the approach, microscopic features and digital characterization, is efficient, convenient, and reliable.
Ecological drivers of dissimilarity in multidimensional plant composition of early‐stage plantations in a loess hilly‐gully region
Authors: Wu Huifeng , Hu Baoan , Ma Ying , Cheng Xiaoqin , Kang Fengfeng , Han Hairong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant diversity is an important link between forest ecosystems' structural composition and functional processes. The simple composition of young plantations is weakening the ecological function of restored forest ecosystems in arid regions. The ecological drivers of the plant composition and dissimilarity in plantations remain unclear, especially in the early restoration stage. To fill the gap in knowledge of the differences in species composition in early restored ecosystems, and to reveal the influencing factors of similar species numbers with different compositional structures, based on species' presence‐absence, abundance, and conspicuousness, we explored dissimilarity in the plant composition of young plantations in the loess hilly‐gully region. Our results showed that differences in alpha diversity among plantations were minimal, while the differences in beta diversity were significant. Even if the species diversity of a plantation was low, communities with similar species richness used to have large dissimilarities in their species composition. Turnover components and balanced variation often contributed significantly to species compositional dissimilarity. Co‐inertia analysis results showed species conspicuousness had the greatest consistency with observed environmental variables (RV = 0.65). The redundancy analysis and generalized diversity modeling results showed differences between the drivers of species diversity and dissimilarity. The primary influencing factors for alpha diversity were: soil water content, soil texture, soil total phosphorus, and soil organic carbon. Primary influencing factors for dissimilarity (beta diversity) were: soil nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, breast‐height diameter, soil water content, and stand density. Collectively, plant taxa dissimilarity was influenced by soil nutrient ratio and community structure and plant taxa abundance was influenced by soil nutrient content. Our findings improve the understanding of the plantation species composition and facilitate the prediction of ecological functions.
Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens): A sustainable protein source for tomorrow
Authors: Baby Chinju , Kaur Sawinder , Singh Jyoti , Prasad Rasane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProtein is one of the essential major nutrients required for the cell functioning in human body. Complete proteins, which are usually found in animal‐based proteins, despite of having high biovailability also cause adverse effect on the environment and increased the risk of diet‐related chronic diseases. Recent years have witnessed enhanced awareness about the health benefits of substituting animal‐based proteins with plant‐based proteins, especially in developed countries. Nitrogen‐fixing grain legumes are considered important sources of protein in many developing countries as they are generally cheaper than meat or cereals. Extensive research has been conducted on several underutilized legumes with similar nutritional properties to soybean; one of these legumes is velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens). Though it is rich in protein (27%), complementary amino acid pattern to that of cereal grains exerts health beneficial properties, including antiparkinson, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, it is limited for human consumption due to the presence of antinutrients. This review provides insight into the potential use of this underutilized legume in resolving the global protein crisis and address food insecurity issues. Additionally, the review focuses on various processing conditions necessary to utilize velvet bean for the development of food products and by‐products like protein isolate, concentrate, flour and their functional properties, and toxicological viewpoint. This current might help in driving future research and applications in velvet bean as a sustainable, plant‐based protein source for human foods along with the critical research areas for their improvement.
A numerical human brain phantom for dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGE) MRI: On the influence of head motion at 3T
Authors: Lehmann Patrick M. , Seidemo Anina , Andersen Mads , Xu Xiang , Li Xu , Yadav Nirbhay N. , Wirestam Ronnie , Liebig Patrick , Testud Frederik , Sundgren Pia , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Knutsson Linda 
Published: December 2022

PurposeDynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGE) MRI relates to a group of exchange‐based MRI techniques where the uptake of glucose analogues is studied dynamically. However, motion artifacts can be mistaken for true DGE effects, while motion correction may alter true signal effects. The aim was to design a numerical human brain phantom to simulate a realistic DGE MRI protocol at 3T that can be used to assess the influence of head movement on the signal before and after retrospective motion correction.MethodsMPRAGE data from a tumor patient were used to simulate dynamic Z‐spectra under the influence of motion. The DGE responses for different tissue types were simulated, creating a ground truth. Rigid head movement patterns were applied as well as physiological dilatation and pulsation of the lateral ventricles and head‐motion‐induced
B0‐changes in presence of first‐order shimming. The effect of retrospective motion correction was evaluated.ResultsMotion artifacts similar to those previously reported for in vivo DGE data could be reproduced. Head movement of 1 mm translation and 1.5 degrees rotation led to a pseudo‐DGE effect on the order of 1% signal change. B0 effects due to head motion altered DGE changes due to a shift in the water saturation spectrum. Pseudo DGE effects were partly reduced or enhanced by rigid motion correction depending on tissue location.ConclusionDGE MRI studies can be corrupted by motion artifacts. Designing post‐processing methods using retrospective motion correction including B0 correction will be crucial for clinical implementation. The proposed phantom should be useful for evaluation and optimization of such techniques.