bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau liquid–liquid phase separation is modulated by the Ca2+‐switched chaperone activity of the S100B protein
Authors: Moreira Guilherme G. , Gomes Cláudio M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAggregation of the microtubule‐associated protein tau is implicated in several neurodegenerative tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies evidenced tau liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) into droplets as an early event in tau pathogenesis with the potential to enhance aggregation. Tauopathies like AD are accompanied by sustained neuroinflammation and the release of alarmins at early stages of inflammatory responses encompass protective functions. The Ca2+‐binding S100B protein is an alarmin augmented in AD that was recently implicated as a proteostasis regulator acting as a chaperone‐type protein, inhibiting aggregation and toxicity through interactions of amyloidogenic clients with a regulatory surface exposed upon Ca2+‐binding. Here we expand the regulatory functions of S100B over protein condensation phenomena by reporting its Ca2+‐dependent activity as a modulator of tau LLPS induced by crowding agents (PEG) and metal ions (Zn2+). We observe that apo S100B has a negligible effect on PEG‐induced tau demixing but that Ca2+‐bound S100B prevents demixing, resulting in a shift of the phase diagram boundary to higher crowding concentrations. Also, while incubation with apo S100B does not compromise tau LLPS, addition of Ca2+ results in a sharp decrease in turbidity, indicating that interactions with S100B‐Ca2+ promote transition of tau to the mixed phase. Further, electrophoretic analysis and FLIM‐FRET studies revealed that S100B incorporates into tau liquid droplets, suggesting an important stabilizing and chaperoning role contributing to minimize toxic tau aggregates. Resorting to Alexa488‐labeled tau we observed that S100B‐Ca2+ reduces the formation of tau fluorescent droplets, without compromising liquid‐like behavior and droplet fusion events. The Zn2+‐binding properties of S100B also contribute to regulate Zn2+‐promoted tau LLPS as droplets are decreased by Zn2+ buffering by S100B, in addition to the Ca2+‐triggered interactions with tau. Altogether this work uncovers the versatility of S100B as a proteostasis regulator acting on protein condensation phenomena of relevance across the neurodegeneration continuum.image
Evolution tumour models paving the way for understanding oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Martins‐Chaves Roberta Rayra , Silva Rubens Signoretti Oliveira , Pereira Thaís dos Santos Fontes , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThroughout the centuries, the world's outstanding scientists and research groups have gathered their efforts to characterise the initiation and progression of malignant neoplasms. The temporal dissection of tumourigenesis provided by phylogenetic studies is one of the milestones in understanding cancer; however, some black boxes are still unsolved. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the leading cancer of the head and neck region. Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) may precede oral cancer and, occasionally, be clinically evident as white, red or mixed mucosal lesions, called oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). In a stepwise view of oral carcinogenesis, OED and OPMD have been considered harbingers of oral cancer. Nevertheless, the malignant transformation of OPMD is a rare event. Most of these disorders remain benign and can even regress, making it challenging to formulate evolutionary hypotheses for OSCC initiation. Deciphering OED evolution is vital to highlight the potential drivers of oral carcinogenesis and molecular targets for OSCC preventative and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review synthesises the main concepts of evolutionary theories and discusses which of them better explains OED development and malignant transformation.
My 20 years together with Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine
Authors: Gao Shan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractShan Gao has served at Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine (JOPM) for 20 years, and currently as Associate Editor of JOMP, Beijing, China. After he finished his 8 year education in Stomatology for both bachelor and master degrees, he started 10 years of clinic practice in Endodontics and Oral Medicine in China, followed by 12 years basic research work in Molecular Biology, including 3 years for a PhD degree in Denmark and 10 years industry experience in a leading RNAi therapeutic company in China. During those years of experience, he built up a close relationship with Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine. It is great opportunity to introduce his story together with JOPM, accompanying with his personal research experience, at the moment of the 50th Anniversary of JOPM.
Accuracy of aMMP‐8 point‐of‐care test in indicating periodontal treatment outcomes in stage III/IV periodontitis: A 24‐week follow‐up study
Authors: Yilmaz Mustafa , Sorsa Timo , Demir Esra , Gürsoy Mervi , Suominen Auli , Tervahartiala Taina , Räisänen Ismo T. , Gürsoy Ulvi K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the correspondence between aMMP‐8 PoC test results and the clinical endpoints of non‐surgical periodontal treatment in stage III/IV periodontitis.BackgroundThe diagnostic success of the active‐matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) point‐of‐care (PoC) test has been demonstrated in various studies, but the evidence of its accuracy following periodontal treatment is limited.Materials and methodsAltogether 42 stage III/IV grade C periodontitis patients were included in this prospective diagnostic study. Clinical periodontal indices were recorded, aMMP‐8 PoC test was applied and mouthrinse was collected before and at 6, 12 and 24 weeks after non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Quantitative aMMP‐8 levels were determined with immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) for the verification of the PoC test results. The accuracy of the aMMP‐8 PoC test was assessed using previously established clinical endpoints as references.ResultsSensitivity and specificity of aMMP‐8 PoC test to indicate clinical endpoints were ranged as follows: Sensitivity 71.4% at baseline, 39.3%–42.4% at week 6, 28.6%–32.4% at week 12 and 35.3%–42.9% at week 24; specificity 64.3%–80% at week 6, 40%–57.1% at week 12 and 56%–64.3% at week 24.ConclusionsThe accuracy of aMMP‐8 PoC test in identifying clinical endpoints after non‐surgical periodontal treatment is reduced in relation to baseline. Individual healing patterns of each diseased pocket eventually limit the accuracy of the dichotomous aMMP‐8 oral rinse test during the post‐treatment period.
Confirmation of guideline‐defined hepatitis C screening strategies within the ‘Check‐Up35+’ examination in the primary care setting
Authors: Petroff David , Wolffram Ingmar , Bätz Olaf , Jedrysiak Katrin , Kramer Jan , Berg Thomas , Wiegand Johannes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsScreening strategies for undiagnosed infections are fundamental for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. We previously investigated HCV prevalence and screening strategies in an urban primary care setting. IV drug abuse, blood transfusion before 1992, immigration, or elevated ALT were identified as risk factors in a post hoc analysis and diagnosed 83% of unknown HCV‐RNA‐positive cases by screening only 26% of the population.We aimed to validate prospectively the proposed screening algorithm in two independent urban and rural cohorts and to analyse for potential differences.MethodsAnti‐HCV and ALT were included in a routine check‐up together with a questionnaire covering risk factors. HCV‐RNA was analysed in anti‐HCV‐positive individuals.ResultsIn urban and rural areas, 4323 and 9321 individuals were recruited. The anti‐HCV prevalence was 0.56% and 0.49%, and 0.1% of patients were HCV‐RNA‐positive in both regions. Fifty‐two anti‐HCV positive patients including eight HCV‐RNA‐positive cases were unaware of the infection (number needed to screen to detect one unknown anti‐HCV‐positive individual: 262). At least one of the three aforementioned risk factors or elevated serum ALT was present in 3000 patients (22%). Restricting HCV screening to only those with risk factors, 52% and 75% of all anti‐HCV and HCV‐RNA‐positive undiagnosed patients were identified (number needed to screen: 111).ConclusionsWe confirm prospectively the efficiency of a risk‐based HCV screening. The risk‐based algorithm should be evaluated in other countries with similarly low HCV prevalence as in Germany to achieve WHO HCV elimination goals.
Recording of bridge damage areas by 3D integration of multiple images and reduction of the variability in detected results
Authors: Yamane Tatsuro , Chun Pang‐jo , Dang Ji , Honda Riki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMachine learning models have been developed to perform damage detection using images to improve bridge inspection efficiency. However, in damage detection using images alone, the 3D coordinates of the damage cannot be recorded. Furthermore, the accuracy of the detection depends on the quality of the images. This paper proposes a method to integrate and record the damage detected from multiple images into a 3D model using deep learning to detect the damage from bridge images and structure from motion to identify the shooting position. The proposed method reduces the variability of the detection results between images and can assess the scale of damage or, conversely, where there is no damage and the extent of inspection omissions. The proposed method has been applied to a real bridge, and it has been shown that the actual damage locations can be recorded as a 3D model.
Seasonality and other risk factors for fleas infestations in domestic dogs and cats
Authors: Farrell Sean , McGarry John , Noble Peter‐John Mäntylä , Pinchbeck Gina J. , Cantwell Sophie , Radford Alan D. , Singleton David A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFleas in the genus Ctenocephalides are the most clinically important parasitic arthropods of dogs and cats worldwide yet risk factors that might increase the risk of infestation in small animals remains unclear. Here we developed a supervised text mining approach analysing key aspects of flea epidemiology using electronic health records from domestic cats and dogs seen at a sentinel network of 191 voluntary veterinary practices across Great Britain between March 2014 and July 2020. Our methods identified fleas as likely to have been present during 22,276 of 1,902,016 cat consultations (1.17%) and 12,168 of 4,844,850 dog consultations (0.25%). Multivariable logistic regression modelling found that animals originating from areas of least deprivation were associated with 50% reductions in odds of veterinary‐recorded flea infestation compared to the most deprived regions in England. Age of the animal was significantly associated with flea presentation in both cats and dogs, with cases peaking before animals reached 12 months. Cases were recorded through each study years, peaking between July and October, with fluctuations between each year. Our findings can be used towards healthcare messaging for veterinary practitioners and owners.
Local radiographic risk factors for MRONJ in osteoporotic patients undergoing tooth extraction
Authors: Moreno‐Rabié Catalina , Gaêta‐Araujo Hugo , Ferreira‐Leite André , Coucke Wim , Gielen Evelien , Van den Wyngaert Tim , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify local radiographic risk factors for Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) in osteoporotic patients treated with antiresorptive drugs (ARD) and undergoing tooth extraction.Material and MethodsPatients were included in this retrospective, longitudinal, case‐control study, if having at least one administration of ARD, underwent tooth extraction(s), and had pre‐ and post‐operative panoramic radiographs. Additionally, a matched control group was selected. Three calibrated, blinded, and independent observers assessed each tooth extraction site. Statistical analysis compared control against study group, and within the latter, sites MRONJ+ and MRONJ−.ResultsIn total, 120 patients (99 females/21 males) with 354 tooth extractions were included, from which nine patients (7.5%) and eleven tooth extraction sites (3.1%) developed MRONJ. When comparing control with study group, the latter showed significantly more thickened lamina dura, persistence of the alveolar socket, heterogeneous bone patterns, and sequestrum formation. In the study group, MRONJ developed significantly more in males (19%, p = 0.049), smokers (25%, p = 0.008), in the mandible (82%, p = 0.027), when identifying a radiolucent or sclerotic trabecular pattern (p = 0.004) or when extracting teeth with furcation involvement (p < 0.001), root remnants (p = 0.017), or unrestored caries lesions (p = 0.005).ConclusionsTooth extraction sites showing radiographic signs of chronic dental infection are prone to MRONJ.
Optogenetics in taste research: A decade of enlightenment
Authors: Yu Hanshu , Song Luyao , Duan Xiangyao , Zhu Danji , Li Na , Pan Runxin , Xu Rui , Yu Xinying , Ye Fengkai , Jiang Xinrui , Ye Han , Pan Zikang , Wei Sixing , Jiang Zhiwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe electrophysiological function of the tongue involves complicated activities in taste sense, producing the perceptions of salty, sweet, bitter, and sour. However, therapies and prevention of taste loss arising from dysfunction in electrophysiological activity require further fundamental research. Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience and brought the study of sensory system to a higher level in taste. The year 2022 marks a decade of developments of optogenetics in taste since this technology was adopted from neuroscience and applied to the taste research. This review summarizes a decade of advances that define near‐term translation with optogenetic tools, and newly‐discovered mechanisms with the applications of these tools. The main limitations and opportunities for optogenetics in taste research are also discussed.
Intersection of the iADH undergraduate curriculum in special care dentistry and the association of Canadian faculties of dentistry competencies framework
Authors: Pani Sharat Chandra , Dong Cecilia Se‐Yee , Faulks Denise 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo map the International Association of Disability and Oral Health (iADH) curriculum to the Association of Canadian Faculties of Dentistry (ACFD) competencies framework to develop a strategy for teaching special care dentistry (SCD) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). To review the literature to identify educational methodologies that support teaching SCD competencies.MethodsThe 20 subdomains of the ACFD competencies framework were mapped to the 18 subdomains of the iADH competency matrix. A literature review of methods, techniques, or innovations used to teach SCD was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, and Research Type (SPIDER) tool.ResultsThe iADH curriculum was mapped to the ACFD competencies in the areas of patient care, professionalism, communication and collaboration, practice information management, and health promotion. A total of 176 articles from PubMed and 10 resources from MedEdPortal were identified in the literature search. Eleven articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall quantity and quality of studies was low. Experiential learning in either a dental school or hospital‐based program seemed to improve knowledge of SCD and to incite greater willingness to treat patients requiring SCD.ConclusionsCase‐based learning, computer‐based modules, standardized patients, and clinical practice are educational strategies for teaching SCD competencies. The integration of SCD into the undergraduate dental curriculum seems feasible, as most required competencies are transferable to all dental disciplines. Furthermore, the ICF provides a functional model that is a patient‐centered approach and is applicable to dentistry beyond SCD.
Intraobserver repeatability for a standardized protocol to quantify keel bone damage in laying hens using discrete and continuous radiographic measures
Authors: Harrison Cerano , Jones Jeryl , Bridges William , Ali Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSternal carina damage (keel bone damage, KBD) is an important welfare concern for laying hen producers and backyard flock owners. Quantitative radiographic measures of KBD severity are helpful for researchers who study causes for this problem and the effects of novel interventions. The objectives of the current retrospective secondary analysis study were to develop and test intraobserver repeatability for a standardized protocol to quantify three categories of radiographic KBD using open‐source image analysis software and discrete and continuous variables. The standardized protocol was developed and evaluated using triplicate measurements of 470 keel bone radiographs that had been previously acquired for a prospective study. Intraobserver repeatability was assessed using intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and control chart methods. Based on control chart analyses, measures within the acceptable range of intra‐observer variation using the standardized protocol were the number of complete cranial fractures (97.02%), incomplete cranial fractures (96.38%), complete caudal fractures (95.32%), incomplete caudal fractures (98.09%), cranial calluses (99.79%), and caudal calluses (98.09%); proportion of deviation (POD) measurements (97.87%); and angle of displacement (AOD) measurements (93.60%). Findings can be used as background to support future research studies on KBD in laying hens.
A scoping review on the nurse scientist role within healthcare systems
Authors: Allen Deborah H. , Arthur Elizabeth K. , Blazey Meghan , Brassil Kelly , Cahill Jennifer E. , Cooley Mary E. , Fadol Anecita P. , Hammer Marilyn J. , Hartranft Sue , Murphy Beverly , Nolan Timiya S. , Sun Virginia , Whisenant Meagan , Yoder Linda H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe role of the nurse scientist in the clinical setting is not well defined, which contributes to variability in role implementation, scope, administration, funding, and affiliation across healthcare sites.AimsThe aim of this scoping review was to identify attributes of the clinical nurse scientist role and its operationalization in the clinical setting through available evidence.MethodsA comprehensive, computerized search of the literature in PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL was conducted in early May 2020 by a medical research librarian and repeated in July 2021 and April 2022. The 5‐step framework described by Arskey and O'Malley guided the review methodology. Two reviewers conducted an independent screen of all articles, followed by a full‐text review of eligible articles by two independent reviewers each using a standardized data extraction template. Themes were then organized and synthesized using descriptive content analysis from the included articles.ResultsA final sample of 55 full‐text articles were included in the review. Overall, the findings suggest that the nurse scientist role in a clinical setting can be challenging to implement in complex healthcare environments. Successful models include the nurse scientist in a leadership role, alignment of research with institutional priorities, and strong support from senior leadership.Linking Evidence to ActionFindings suggest that standardized guidelines are lacking to govern the implementation of the nurse scientist role in the clinical setting. To succeed, the nurse scientist role must be valued and supported by organizational leaders. Further, access to resources to build infrastructure must be provided. The magnitude and scope of individual organizational support can be tailored based on the resources of the institution; however, the foundation of having institutional leadership support is critical to role success of the clinical nurse researcher.
Improved pulmonary function is associated with reduced inflammation after hybrid whole‐body exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury
Authors: Yates Brandon A. , Brown Robert , Picard Glen , Taylor J. Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current study was designed to test the hypotheses that (1) reducing systemic inflammation via a 12‐week functional electrical stimulation rowing exercise training (FESRT) prescription results in augmented pulmonary function, and (2) the magnitude of improvement in pulmonary function is inversely associated with the magnitude of systemic inflammation suppression in persons with sub‐acute (≤2 years) spinal cord injury (SCI). We conducted a retrospective analysis of a randomized controlled trial (NCT#02139436). Twenty‐one participants were enrolled (standard of care (SOC; n = 9) or FESRT (n = 12)). The exercise prescription was three sessions/week at 70–85% of peak heart rate. A two‐way analysis of covariance and regression analysis was used to assess group differences and associations between pulmonary function, log transformed high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRPlog) and white blood cell count (WBC). Following FESRT, clinically significant improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; 0.25 (0.08–0.43) vs. −0.06 (−0.26 to 0.15) litres) and forced vital capacity (0.22 (0.04–0.39) vs. 0.08 (−0.29 to 0.12) litres) were noted and systemic WBC (−1.45 (−2.48 to −0.50) vs. 0.41 (−0.74 to 1.56) μl) levels were suppressed compared to SOC (mean change (95% confidence interval); P < 0.05). Additionally, both ΔhsCRPlog and ΔWBC were predictors of ΔFEV1 (r2 = 0.89 and 0.43, respectively; P < 0.05). Twelve weeks of FESRT improves pulmonary function and reduces WBC in persons with sub‐acute SCI. The potency of FESRT to augment pulmonary function may depend on adequate suppression of systemic inflammation.
The Experience of Participating in Remotely Delivered Online Exercise Classes During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Its Postpandemic Implications
Authors: Lee Janet Lok Chun , Lou Vivian Wei Qun , Kwan Rick Yiu Cho 
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of videoconferencing-delivered online exercise classes among community-dwelling older adults. This phenomenon is new, and no research has investigated older adults’ relevant experiences and postpandemic perspectives. This study is situated in a naturalistic paradigm and adopted a descriptive qualitative methodology to understand the phenomenon. In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 older adults (aged 55–89 years) who have participated in videoconferencing-delivered online exercise since the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing thematic analysis, eight key themes were identified. Older adults experienced convenience, exercise regularity, technological transformation, and motivation when using this new form of exercise delivery. At the same time, they also experienced certain technological barriers and compromised quality of instructor supervision. Looking forward, older adults welcomed the increased opportunity for supervised exercise due to increased virtual capacity. They also envisaged that mobility-restricted groups such as frail older adults and caregivers would benefit from this form of exercise delivery.