bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economical and Environmentally Friendly Organic hydrazone Derivatives Characterized by a Heteroaromatic Core as Potential Hole Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Decavoli Cristina , Boldrini Chiara Liliana , Abbotto Alessandro , Manfredi Norberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA series of organic electron‐rich π‐bridged symmetric hydrazones, composed of two donor moieties connected through a thiophene‐ or a pyrrole‐based π‐spacer, has been synthesized as a suitable alternative to 2,2’,7,7’‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9’‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD), considered the benchmark hole transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The cheap synthetic protocol is suitable for potential large‐scale production. All the compounds were characterized, showing good energy levels alignments with the perovskite and very close energy levels to the Spiro‐OMeTAD. Furthermore, computational analysis confirmed the electrochemical trend observed. The costs of synthesis were estimated, as well as the produced waste to synthesise the final HTMs, underlining the low impact of these compounds on the environment with the respect to Spiro‐OMeTAD. Overall, the relevant electrochemical properties and the low cost of the synthetic approaches allow these compounds to be a greener and easy‐to‐synthesize alternative to the Spiro‐OMeTAD for industrial development of PSCs.
The impact of globalization on comprehensive environmental efficiency and its sub‐stage efficiencies: An adjusted range adjusted measure network data envelopment analysis model approach
Authors: Huang Shan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlobalization is a worldwide trend, and environmental governance requires global cooperation. There are environmental issues caused by globalization, such as “environmental justice” and “externalization of cost.” However, several key questions remain about the impact of globalization on the environment. This article attempts to decompose the comprehensive environmental efficiency and analyze their inner relationship its determinants. This study adopts range adjusted measure network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure the overall efficiency and decompose comprehensive efficiency into two stages and investigate the interrelationship among them, based on the data from 30 cities along the Yangtze River. This can reveal the “black box” of the DEA and the interrelationship between each stage. The panel quantile method is adopted to analyze the impact of influencing factors, especially globalization, on efficiency. This article creatively builds the in‐depth openness index to measure the tendency of in‐depth openness. The following findings are identified: (1) Among sub‐stages, environmental governance efficiency plays a more significant role in comprehensive environmental efficiency. (2) Foreign direct investment, urbanization, and industrial structure negatively influence efficiency, while the degree of openness, per capita GDP, and population density are positive determinants. (3) With the decrease of the HUANG index, the impact of globalization on the local environment shifted from supporting the pollution halo hypothesis toward supporting the pollution haven hypothesis. (4) Sustainability with harmony between humans and nature is recommended and can be achieved. The result of this study can help policymakers to find an effective way to achieve sustainability and improve the environmental efficiency effectively.
The effect of vertical motions on damage accumulation on concrete gravity dams
Authors: Soysal Berat Feyza , Arici Yalin , Ay Bekir Özer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe effect of vertical ground motions on the seismic response of dams has long been a concern in the seismic design and evaluation of concrete gravity dams. The guidelines regarding the use of vertical motions in time history analysis (THA) are not clear due to the complexity of the effect as well as the large uncertainty in the motion selection process. The goal of this study is to assess the significance of vertical motions’ effects on concrete gravity dams considering the relevant variability due to ground motion, system frequency response as well as the shaking level. To this end, a carefully selected ground motion set providing realistic vertical(V)/horizontal(H) loading was used in nonlinear THAs of three different systems with different modal properties. In order to evaluate the intensity of shaking on the vertical motions’ effect, the responses were calculated at different seismic levels corresponding to operation, design, and maximum shaking levels. Along with traditional demand parameters commonly employed in assessing seismic response, cracking on the base and at the upstream face of the monolith was adopted as demand measures using a model capable of yielding discrete cracking on the system. The effect of vertical motions was quantified by comparing the response of H + V to H only shaking. The results show the vertical shaking can significantly affect upstream cracking for the operation or design level earthquakes, the effect increasing for larger dams.
Australian young people's perspectives about the political determinants of the climate crisis
Authors: Arnot Grace , Thomas Samantha , Pitt Hannah , Warner Elyse 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThere has been little focus on young people's views about the political determinants of the climate crisis. As young people are likely to be the group most impacted by political decisions relating to the climate crisis, it is essential to understand their views about government decision‐making.MethodsA qualitatively‐led online survey of n = 500 young Australians aged 15–24 years. Open text questions sought young people's views about current government climate policies, perceptions about policy effectiveness, and how governments could improve their climate responses. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret and construct themes from the data.ResultsYoung people perceived that governments were not taking serious action on the climate crisis. They stated that climate policies were largely influenced by economic imperatives, rather than concern for the wellbeing of current and future generations. They perceived that governments had a duty of care to protect them from the climate crisis, and needed to engage young people in climate discussions and decision‐making.ConclusionsYoung people's perspectives about the political determinants of the climate crisis provides information about their understanding of government policies and their recommendations for action. There is a need for collaboration between young people and decision‐makers to urgently develop effective climate policies.So What?Young people understand key issues relating to the political determinants of the climate crisis. The health promotion community has a role in advocating for structural changes in policymaking processes to ensure young people have a seat at the decision‐making table.
Nano‐hydroxyapatite preparation for the remineralization of primary tooth enamel surface subjected to liquid medication: An observational study
Authors: Hassan Noor M. , Jafar Zainab J. , Abdul Latif Mohammed H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAcid‐induced demineralization may be caused by the consumption of liquid medications routinely administered to children. Therefore, different remineralizing agents, such as fluorides and nano‐hydroxyapatite, have been added to oral care products to remineralize erosive lesions. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of 1% nano‐hydroxyapatite suspension and 2% sodium fluoride solution on the surface texture of primary teeth enamel previously exposed to liquid drugs.MethodsThirty posterior primary teeth were extracted and grouped depending on the remineralizing agent used: (A) nano‐hydroxyapatite and (B) sodium fluoride. Groups A and B were subjected to liquid medication in two subgroups: cephalexin (cephalexin monohydrate) and ParAzar (acetaminophen), followed by remineralization with 1% nano‐hydroxyapatite suspension and 2% sodium fluoride solution. An atomic force microscope was used to analyze the surface texture of the primary tooth enamel by measuring the roughness and waviness parameters of the tested surfaces. The examination was performed at baseline, 7 days after exposure to drugs, and after exposure to remineralizing agents.ResultsA significant difference in enamel surface roughness between nano‐hydroxyapatite‐treated surfaces and sodium fluoride‐treated surfaces was observed. A significant change was observed in the surface waviness of the primary enamel surface of sodium‐fluoride‐treated teeth that were subjected to cephalexin.ConclusionRoutine use of liquid medications could have a negative impact on primary enamel surface topography, because the primary tooth enamel is less mineralized than permanent tooth enamel. Our results show that compared with a 2% sodium fluoride solution, a 1% nano‐hydroxyapatite suspension can be used for remineralizing and restoring defects of the enamel surface of primary teeth following exposure to liquid medication, thus reinforcing dental tissues with higher efficacy.
The impact of laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia repair for inguinal hernia treatment: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Yong , Xu Zipeng , Wang Tao , Zhou Dingxing , Tang Neng , Zhang Shuo , Chen Chaobo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesAlthough laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) has been widely accepted for treating inguinal hernia, the procedure remains very technical and challenging. The present study aimed to assess the effect of LIHR in relation to operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative hospitalization.MethodsA total of 503 patients with inguinal hernia admitted at the Wuxi Rehabilitation Hospital between June 2019 and July 2021 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Binary logistic and linear regressions were used for categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively. The learning curve was drawn by cumulative sum analysis.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis identified LIHR as an independent factor associated with prolonging operation time (odd ratio [OR] = 1.750, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.215−2.520, p = 0.003) and decreasing intraoperative hemorrhage levels (OR = 0.079, 95 CI: 0.044−0.142, p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression identified LIHR (Coefficient = −0.702, 95% CI: [−1.050] to [−0.354], p < 0.001) as an independent factor for shortening postoperative hospitalization time. After learning curve, LIHR (OR = 1.409, 95% CI: 0.948 to 2.094, p = 0.090) no longer resulted as a risk factor prolonging operation time.ConclusionsLIHR is an important independent predictive factor for decreasing intraoperative hemorrhage levels and shortening postoperative hospitalization time. Additionally, LIHR does not prolong operation time after the learning curve.
Preschool language exposure and use: A comparison study of dual‐language learners and English monolingual children
Authors: Choi Ji Young , Van Pay Craig K. , Beecher Constance C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study explored the language experiences of dual language learners (DLL; n = 19) and English monolinguals (EM; n = 13) in preschool classrooms where English is the primary language of instruction and many home languages are present. Using the Language ENvironment Analysis™ system as a primary tool, we quantitatively analysed an average of 34 hours of recordings collected over 5–8 days for each participating child (Mage = 52 months) in six classrooms. Results showed that, during a typical preschool day, DLLs spoke as much as EMs but received less adult talk overall and had more 5‐min segments with zero adult–child conversations than their EM peers. Follow‐up analyses revealed that teachers generally talked less when children initiated the conversations than when adults initiated the conversations, and this pattern was particularly evident for DLLs. Study implications and future research are discussed.
Influence of soil organic matter content on the toxicity of pesticides to soil invertebrates: A review
Authors: van Hall Bart G. , Sweeney Chris , Bottoms Melanie , van Gestel Cornelis A. M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A better understanding of how soil organic matter (OM) content influences pesticide toxicity to soil invertebrates is needed to improve the ecological relevance of risk assessment approaches. In the current study, soil invertebrate toxicity data (LC50 and EC50 values) were collected from studies determining the toxicity of organic chemicals in soils with varying OM content. Relevant studies were identified by performing a literature search and through the use of toxicity databases. The data were used to address the following questions: (1) Can the relationship between toxicity and soil OM content be quantified? (2) Does soil OM content influence different toxicity endpoints in a similar way? (3) Is the influence of soil OM content on sensitivity to pesticides different between species? The results indicate that toxicity—OM relationships are chemical dependent, differ between endpoints, and are species-specific. Hence, the grouping of chemicals based solely on their lipophilicity, as well as having only one correction factor for multiple species, may not be an appropriate approach to risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1457–1472. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Coating by Obstructed Flow in Plate Withdrawal
Authors: Tuntiblarphol Metinee , Tallmadge John A. 
Published: April 2023

An expression is derived for predicting mass flow rate from long‐gap doctor blades. For the case of withdrawal followed by a flat obstruction, entrainment is written in terms of withdrawal speed, fluid properties, thickness of the gap, gravity, and pressure change. The laminar theory is based on an extension of Couette flow in a gravitational field to the case of withdrawal. Flowrates measured experimentally confirm the theory. Predictions of film thicknesses for both the small films above the obstruction and the large films below the obstruction are also presented and verified experimentally.On a mis au point une expression pour prédire la vitesse d'écoulement massique des guides d'acheminement à long espacement. Dans le cas du retrait des plateaux suivi d'une obstruction, l'entraînement est exprimé en fonction de la vitesse du retrait, des propriétés fluides, de l'épaisseur de l'espacement, de la gravité et du changement de pression. La théorie laminaire est basée sur l'extension au cas du retrait de l'écoulement de Couette dans un champ de gravitation. La mesure expérimentale des vitesses d'écoulement confirme la théorie. On présente également des prédictions relatives aux épaisseurs des petites et grosses pellicules qui sont respectivement au‐dessus et au‐dessous de l'obstruction et les vérifie expérimentalement.
Deep-Learning-Based Detection of Vertebral Fracture and Osteoporosis Using Lateral Spine X-Ray Radiography
Authors: Hong Namki , Cho Sang Wouk , Shin Sungjae , Lee Seunghyun , Jang Seol A , Roh Seunghyun , Lee Young Han , Rhee Yumie , Cummings Steven R. , Kim Hwiyoung , Kim Kyoung Min 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis and vertebral fractures (VFs) remain underdiagnosed. The addition of deep learning methods to lateral spine radiography (a simple, widely available, low-cost test) can potentially solve this problem. In this study, we develop deep learning scores to detect osteoporosis and VF based on lateral spine radiography and investigate whether their use can improve referral of high-risk individuals to bone-density testing. The derivation cohort consisted of patients aged 50 years or older who underwent lateral spine radiography in Severance Hospital, Korea, from January 2007 to December 2018, providing a total of 26,299 lateral spine plain X-rays for 9276 patients (VF prevalence, 18.6%; osteoporosis prevalence, 40.3%). Two individual deep convolutional neural network scores to detect prevalent VF (VERTE-X pVF score) and osteoporosis (VERTE-X osteo score) were tested on an internal test set (20% hold-out set) and external test set (another hospital cohort [Yongin], 395 patients). VERTE-X pVF, osteo scores, and clinical models to detect prevalent VF or osteoporosis were compared in terms of the areas under the receiver-operating-characteristics curves (AUROCs). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) was calculated when using deep-learning scores to supplement clinical indications for classification of high-risk individuals to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) testing. VERTE-X pVF and osteo scores outperformed clinical models in both the internal (AUROC: VF, 0.93 versus 0.78; osteoporosis, 0.85 versus 0.79) and external (VF, 0.92 versus 0.79; osteoporosis, 0.83 versus 0.65; p &lt; 0.01 for all) test sets. VERTE-X pVF and osteo scores improved the reclassification of individuals with osteoporosis to the DXA testing group when applied together with the clinical indications for DXA testing in both the internal (NRI 0.10) and external (NRI 0.14, p &lt; 0.001 for all) test sets. The proposed method could detect prevalent VFs and osteoporosis, and it improved referral of individuals at high risk of fracture to DXA testing more than clinical indications alone. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A Critical Role of the Bone Marrow Envelope in Human Bone Remodeling
Authors: Andersen Thomas Levin , Jensen Pia Rosgaard , Sikjaer Tanja Tvistholm , Rejnmark Lars , Ejersted Charlotte , Delaisse Jean-Marie 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Proper bone remodeling depends not only on a team of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. It also depends on the site-specific delivery of a large amount of osteoblast lineage cells to the bone remodeling site. How this delivery occurs is poorly known. Here, we gained insight into this mechanism by analyzing the distribution of markers of osteoblastogenesis on bone surfaces and in their bone marrow neighborhood in human cancellous bone. We found a CD271-positive/PDGFβ-R-positive cell layer surrounding the bone marrow that provides osteoblastogenic potential along all bone surfaces, whether quiescent or remodeling. This bone marrow envelope cell layer takes the appearance of a canopy above remodeling sites, where it then also shows an upregulation of the proliferation marker Ki67, smooth muscle actin (SMA), tenascin C, fibronectin, and MMP13. This indicates that the canopy is a region of the bone marrow envelope where early markers of osteoblastogenesis are activated concurrently with initiation of bone remodeling. Importantly, the high proliferation index in the canopy is not associated with increasing cell densities at the canopy level, but it is at the bone surface level, thereby supporting delivery of cells from the canopy to the bone surface. This delivery route explains why lack of canopies was previously found to coincide with lack of bone formation, and fits current knowledge on the canopies as a target for regulators of bone remodeling. We conclude that the coordination of bone marrow envelope activities and bone surface activities allows integrating osteoblastogenesis and bone remodeling into the same functional unit, and propose that the bone marrow envelope is critical for preserving bone health. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
One‐pot hydrothermal synthesis of porous anatase TiO2 nanotube formed bundles for lithium ion battery anodes
Authors: Ko Wen‐Yin , Wang Yu‐Ping , Wu Tung‐Ching , Hsu Wei‐Cheng , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnatase phase of TiO2 nanomaterial has been deemed a potential anode material for lithium ion battery (LIB) applications because of its remarkable electrochemical properties. However, TiO2 anodes always suffer from intrinsic poor electrical conductivity and slow ion kinetics, which would restrict their practical usage. To address this issue, efficient control and design of the anatase crystal structure of TiO2 material with desirable morphology is one of the critical approaches. In this work, a good lithium storage capability of 181 mA hr g−1 at rate of 0.2C, high rate performance of 70 mA hr g−1 at 20C, and excellent cyclability of 117 mA hr g−1 with a capacity retention of 93% at 1C after 100 cycles and 84 mA hr g−1 at 10C after 1,000 cycles are observed in an optimized porous anatase TiO2 one‐dimensional nanotube bundle nanomaterial fabricated through a simple hydrothermal process with post calcination treatment. These excellent electrochemical properties of the product can be ascribed to its anatase crystal phase, 1D nanostructure, and porous framework with a large surface area, which provide it with an efficient electrode/electrolyte contact area and a faster ion/electron diffusion pathway.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: Management of immune‐related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Chitnis Saurabh D. , Mortazavi Amir 
Published: April 2023

GUIDELINE TITLE: Management of Immune‐Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: ASCO Guideline UpdateRELEASE DATE: November 1, 2021PRIOR VERSION(S): February 14, 2018DEVELOPER: American Society of Clinical OncologyFUNDING SOURCE: American Society of Clinical OncologyTARGET POPULATION: Adult patients with cancer receiving treatment with immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors alone
Energy regimes help tackle limitations with the prehistoric cultural‐phases approach to learn about sustainable transitions: Archaeological evidence from northern Spain
Authors: Martinez Alexandre , Kluiving Sjoerd , Muñoz‐Rojas José , Borja Barrera César , Fraile Jurado Pablo , Roldán Muñoz María Esperanza , Mejías‐García Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTHuman societies face challenges in transitioning towards low‐carbon economies and sustainable management of land use and natural resources. Documenting and learning from past transitions helps policy‐makers cope with such challenges. The agricultural revolution in Cantabrian Spain (ca. 7000 cal a bp) was one major adaptation of hunter‐gatherers to a changing environment that started with the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 24 000 cal a bp) and lasted until the Mid‐Holocene (ca. 5300 cal a bp). Classic approaches to documenting prehistoric cultural timelines are based on manufacturing and technology, thus limited in their ability to describe the sustainability of past societies. Energy regimes, a functional societal approach independent from time, investigate and consider patterns of resource and energy use in various cohabiting and cooperating cultural phases. To examine past energy regimes, a database of archaeological remains was compiled to document four indicators: mobility, economy, overexploitation and societal complexity. Statistical analyses were conducted to elucidate trends, changes and continuity in subsistence strategies by hunter‐gatherers and sedentary societies. Results show that energy regimes act as a complement to cultural phases, adding novel functional analyses of past societies to cultural stratigraphy units common in archaeology, shedding light on the sustainability of past societal transitions.