bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demystifying the Visual Word Form Area: Visual and Nonvisual Response Properties of Ventral Temporal Cortex with precision fMRI
Authors: Li Jin , Hiersche Kelly J. , Saygin Zeynep M. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe functional nature of the visual word form area (VWFA), a region in left ventrotemporal cortex (VTC), remains debated after over two decades of investigation. Here we use precision fMRI to comprehensively examine the VWFA’s responses to numerous visual and nonvisual stimuli. We find that the VWFA is a distinct region that while showing moderate activation to non-word visual stimuli, its response to words towers above other conditions. Interestingly, the VWFA is also the only VTC region uniquely engaged in auditory language processing, in contrast with the ubiquitous attentional effect within the VTC. However, this language selectivity is dwarfed by its visual responses. This suggests the VWFA primarily functions as a visual look-up orthographic dictionary. Searching within the entire VTC further reveals an additional language cluster in anterior fusiform preferring general visual semantics. Our detailed examination of the VWFA in direct comparison to other VTC regions clarifies the long-standing controversies about its functionality.
The transcriptional regulator EarA and intergenic terminator sequences modulate archaellation inPyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Stöckl Richard , Nißl Laura , Reichelt Robert , Rachel Reinhard , Grohmann Dina , Grünberger Felix 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe regulation of archaellation, the formation of archaeal flagella-like appendages called archaella, is crucial for the motility, adhesion, and survival of archaeal organisms. Although the heavily archaellated and highly motilePyrococcus furiosusis a key model organism for understanding the production and function of archaella in Euryarchaea, the transcriptional regulation of archaellum assembly is so far unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor EarA is the master regulator of the archaellum (arl) operon transcription, which is further modulated by intergenic transcription termination signals.EarAdeletion or overexpression strains demonstrate that EarA is essential for archaellation inP. furiosusand governs the degree of archaellation. Providing a single-molecule update on the transcriptional landscape of thearloperon inP. furiosus, we identify sequence motifs for EarA binding upstream of thearloperon and intergenic terminator sequences as critical elements for fine-tuning the expression of the multicistronicarlcluster. Furthermore, transcriptome re-analysis across differentThermococcalesspecies demonstrated a heterogeneous production of major archaellins, suggesting a more diverse composition of archaella than previously recognized. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of archaellation and highlights the essential role of EarA inPyrococcus furiosus. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms governing archaellation and have implications for the functional diversity of archaella.
Sucrose overconsumption impairs feeding circuit dynamics and promotes palatable food intake
Authors: Lorch Carolyn M. , Hayes Nikolas W. , Xia Jessica L. , Fleps Stefan W. , McMorrow Hayley E. , Province Haley S. , Frydman Joshua A. , Parker Jones G. , Beutler Lisa R. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryRapid gut-brain communication is critical to maintain energy balance and is disrupted in diet-induced obesity through mechanisms that remain obscure. Specifically, the role of carbohydrate overconsumption in the regulation of interoceptive circuits has been minimally examinedin vivo. Here we report that an obesogenic high-sucrose diet (HSD) selectively blunts silencing of hunger-promoting AgRP neurons following intragastric delivery of glucose, whereas we previously showed that overconsumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) selectively attenuates lipid-induced neural silencing. By contrast, both HSD and HFD reversibly dampen rapid AgRP neuron sensory inhibition following chow presentation and promote intake of more palatable foods. Our findings reveal that excess sugar and fat pathologically modulate feeding circuit activity in both macronutrient-dependent and -independent ways, and thus may additively exacerbate obesity.
Notch signaling and Bsh homeodomain activity are integrated to diversifyDrosophilalamina neuron types
Authors: Xu Chundi , Ramos Tyler B. , Marshall Owen , Doe Chris Q. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNotch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for specifying binary neuronal fates, yet how it specifies different fates in different contexts remains elusive. In our accompanying paper, using theDrosophilalamina neuron types (L1-L5) as a model, we show that the primary homeodomain transcription factor (HDTF) Bsh activates secondary HDTFs Ap (L4) and Pdm3 (L5) and specifies L4/L5 neuronal fates. Here we test the hypothesis that Notch signaling enables Bsh to differentially specify L4 and L5 fates. We show asymmetric Notch signaling between newborn L4 and L5 neurons, but they are not siblings; rather, Notch signaling in L4 is due to Delta expression in adjacent L1 neurons. While Notch signaling and Bsh expression are mutually independent, Notch is necessary and sufficient for Bsh to specify L4 fate over L5. The NotchONL4, compared to NotchOFFL5, has a distinct open chromatin landscape which allows Bsh to bind distinct genomic loci, leading to L4-specific identity gene transcription. We propose a novel model in which Notch signaling is integrated with the primary HDTF activity to diversify neuron types by directly or indirectly generating a distinct open chromatin landscape that constrains the pool of genes that a primary HDTF can activate.
dadi-cli: Automated and distributed population genetic model inference from allele frequency spectra
Authors: Huang Xin , Struck Travis J. , Davey Sean W. , Gutenkunst Ryan N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSummarydadi is a popular software package for inferring models of demographic history and natural selection from population genomic data. But using dadi requires Python scripting and manual parallelization of optimization jobs. We developed dadi-cli to simplify dadi usage and also enable straighforward distributed computing.Availability and Implementationdadi-cli is implemented in Python and released under the Apache License 2.0. The source code is available athttps://github.com/xin-huang/dadi-cli. dadi-cli can be installed via PyPI and conda, and is also available through Cacao on Jetstream2https://cacao.jetstream-cloud.org/.
Using mixture density networks to emulate a stochastic within-host model ofFrancisella tularensisinfection
Authors: Carruthers Jonathan , Finnie Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor stochastic models with large numbers of states, analytical techniques are often impractical, and simulations time-consuming and computationally demanding. This limitation can hinder the practical implementation of such models. In this study, we demonstrate how neural networks can be used to develop emulators for two outputs of a stochastic within-host model ofFrancisella tularensisinfection: the dose-dependent probability of illness and the incubation period. Once the emulators are constructed, we employ Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling methods to parameterize the within-host model using records of human infection. This inference is only possible through the use of a mixture density network to emulate the incubation period, providing accurate approximations of the corresponding probability distribution. Notably, these estimates improve upon previous approaches that relied on bacteria counts from the lungs of macaques. Our findings reveal a 50% infectious dose of approximately 10 colony-forming units and we estimate that the incubation period can last for up to 11 days following low dose exposure.Author summaryFrancisella tularensisis a highly infectious bacterium that remains in the top category of biothreat agents. Release of aerosolized bacteria could lead to many cases of acute and severe pneumonia over the days following. Mathematical modelling can contribute to the response to such an outbreak, combining dispersion models and disease models to identify the source of release and predict where cases are most likely to occur. However, these models can be computationally demanding and time consuming to run. In this article, we use neural networks to emulate the likelihood of disease and the duration of the incubation period from a stochastic within-host model. This enables rapid predictions to be made across a wide range of doses, thereby improving the practical applications of the model.
Translational regulation enhances distinction of cell types in the nervous system
Authors: Ichinose Toshiharu , Kondo Shu , Kanno Mai , Shichino Yuichi , Mito Mari , Iwasaki Shintaro , Tanimoto Hiromu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMulticellular organisms are composed of specialized cell types with distinct proteomes. While recent advances in single-cell transcriptome analyses have revealed differential expression of mRNAs, cellular diversity in translational profiles remains underinvestigated. By performing RNA-seq and Ribo-seq in genetically-defined cells in theDrosophilabrain, we here revealed substantial posttranscriptional regulations that augment the cell-type distinctions at the level of protein expression. Specifically, we found that translational efficiency of proteins fundamental to neuronal functions, such as ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors, was maintained low in glia, leading to their preferential translation in neurons. Notably, distribution of ribosome footprints on these mRNAs exhibited a remarkable bias towards the 5′ leaders in glia. Using transgenic reporter strains, we provide evidence that the small upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5’ leader confer selective translational suppression in glia. Overall, these findings underscore the profound impact of translational regulation in shaping the proteomics for cell-type distinction and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving cell-type diversity.
A FEM in frequency domain for a transient electric field in non-sinusoidal steady state under the non-sinusoidal periodic voltage
Authors: Wen Teng , Wei Xiaoyun , Li Xuebao , Cao Boyuan , Zhao Zhibin 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the finite element method in the frequency domain (FD-FEM) for the transient electric field in the non-sinusoidal steady state under the non-sinusoidal periodic voltage excitation.

Design/methodology/approach
Firstly, the boundary value problem of the transient electric field in the frequency domain is described, and the finite element equation of the FD-FEM is derived by Galerkin’s method. Secondly, the constrained electric field equation on the boundary in the frequency domain (FD-CEFEB) is also derived, which can solve the electric field intensity on the boundary and the dielectric interface with high accuracy. Thirdly, the calculation procedures of the FD-FEM with FD-CEFEB are introduced in detail. Finally, a numerical example of the press-packed insulated gate bipolar transistor under the working condition of the repetitive turn-on and turn-off is given.

Findings
The FD-CEFEB improves numerical accuracy of electric field intensity on the boundary and interfacial charge density, which can be achieved by modifying the existing FD-FEMs’ code in appropriate steps. Moreover, the proposed FD-FEM and the FD-CEFEB will only increase calculation costs by a little compared with the traditional FD-FEMs.

Originality/value
The FD-CEFEB can directly solve the electric field intensity on the boundary and the dielectric interface with high accuracy. This paper provides a new FD-FEM for the transient electric field in the non-sinusoidal steady state with high accuracy, which is suitable for combined insulation structure with a long time constant.
White DEI professionals' perception of their contribution to advancing workplace diversity, equity and inclusion: leveraging and decentering whiteness
Authors: Evan Rebecca J. , Sisco Stephanie , Fashant Crystal Saric , Nandyal Neela , Robbins Stacey 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis research applies social identity theory (SIT) to examine how White diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) professionals perceive their role and contributions to advancing workplace DEI.Design/methodology/approachInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to structure and guide the study, and data were collected from interviews with 16 White DEI professionals.FindingsThe SIT concept of social categorization was selected as a framework to discuss the findings, which were divided into two sections: in-group identity and out-group identity. The participants' in-group identities demonstrated how the participants leveraged the participants' Whiteness to grant the participants the influence and agency to perform DEI work. The participant's out-group identities revealed how the participants attempted to decenter the participants' Whiteness and unpack insecurities related to the participants' White identity and DEI contributions. Each of these findings has been associated with a specific role: leader, beneficiary, ally and pathfinder.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of this study are critically examining White DEI employees' lived experience to develop an understanding of Whiteness while holding White people accountable for DEI efforts within workplaces.Originality/valueDeeper and more honest conversations are needed to explore the phenomenon of how White DEI professionals enact and perceive the DEI contributions of the White DEI professionals. Therefore, this paper will provide further discussion on literature concerning White individuals engaged in organizational-level DEI work.
Proposing a framework for analyzing the effect of lean and agile innovation on lean and agile supply chain
Authors: Nikneshan Payam , Shahin Arash , Davazdahemami Hamid 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study aims to propose an integrated framework for analyzing the effect of lean and agile innovation on the lean and agile supply chains.Design/methodology/approachThe literature was reviewed and the dimensions of lean and agile supply chain/innovation were extracted. The statistical population included the managers and experts of pharmaceutical companies in Isfahan province. Eight pharmaceutical companies were selected. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to investigate the research variables. The face and content validity of the questionnaire and the data reliability were confirmed. After data collection, the studied companies were positioned in a two-by-two matrix and the associated data of two cells of the matrix, i.e. high lean supply chain/innovation and high agile supply chain/innovation were used for further statistical effect analysis using Smart-PLS.FindingsThe research results indicated that with the improvement of lean innovation in pharmaceutical companies, the lean supply chain improved by 97.9%; and with the improvement of agile innovation, the agile supply chain improved by 97.1%.Practical implicationsConsidering lean innovation, pharmaceutical companies should deal with the process of conceptualizing innovation, and regarding agility strategy, their focus should be more on generating ideas to improve their agile supply chain. This study was performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and offers appropriate innovation strategies to improve the supply chain of pharmaceutical companies.Originality/valueThe literature review implies that no research has been conducted on the selected and classified variables of this study. Also, using the positioning matrix before statistical analysis distinguishes this paper from similar studies.
Integrated applications of building information modeling in project cost management: a systematic review
Authors: Farouk Abdelrahman M. , Rahman Rahimi A. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Implementing building information modeling (BIM) in construction projects offers many benefits. However, the use of BIM in project cost management is still limited. This study aims to review the current trends in the application of BIM in project cost management.

Design/methodology/approach
This study systematically reviews the literature on the application of BIM in project cost management. A total of 46 related articles were identified and analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method.

Findings
Eighteen approaches to applying BIM in project cost management were identified. The approaches can be grouped into cost control and cost estimation. Also, BIM can be applied independently or integrated with other techniques. The integrated approaches for cost control include integration with genetic algorithms, Monte Carlo simulation, lean construction, integrated project delivery, neural network and value engineering. On the contrary, integrated approaches for cost estimation include integration with cost-plus pricing, discrepancy analysis, construction progress curves, estimation standards, algorithms, declarative mappings, life cycle sustainability assessment, ontology, Web-based frameworks and structured query language.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to systematically review prior literature on the application of BIM in project cost management. As a result, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the art and fills the literature gap. Researchers and industry professionals can use the study findings to increase the benefits of implementing BIM in construction projects.
Rippling effect of liquidity risk in the sovereign term structure
Authors: Anthony Rintu , Prasanna Krishna 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe study attempts to identify the linkages in the term structure of illiquidity and the impact of global and domestic factors on sovereign bonds in emerging Asia. The objective of the study ensues on defining the direction of illiquidity spillover across bonds of varying tenors.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores the joint dynamics of contemporary liquidity risk premia and its time-varying effect on the term structure spectrum using the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) spillover framework.FindingsA substantial relationship was found to exist between the liquidity of bonds with closer terms to maturity. The macroeconomic environment primarily impacts the liquidity of 10-year bonds, and they spiral down to the subsequent bond liquidity, exhibiting a rippling effect. The authors further show that the direction of liquidity shock transmission is from long- to medium- and thence to short-term bonds. Among the global factors, foreign investments and S & P 500 VIX significantly affect the liquidity of 10-year bonds.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has several implications for academicians, policymakers and domestic and global investment professionals. The drivers of liquidity risk and the transmission across the term structure help investors in designing efficient portfolio diversification strategies. The results are relevant for cross-border investors in the valuation of emerging Asian sovereign bonds while deciding on asset allocations and hedging strategies. The monetary regulators strive on a continuous basis to improve the liquidity in sovereign bond markets in order to ensure efficient funding of development activities. This study finds that short-term bonds are more liquid than long-term bonds. Their auction framework with higher series of short-term bond issues helps to provide the required liquidity in the markets.Practical implicationsThe term structure of illiquidity is upward sloping, inferring a higher underlying liquidity risk of long-term bonds compared to short-term bonds. This finding suggests that a higher representation of short-term bonds in the auction framework helps to enhance the overall market liquidity.Originality/valueThis study offers insights into the debate on the shape of the term structure of illiquidity and the point of origination of liquidity shocks. Further, the direction of spillover across a wide spectrum of bonds is also demonstrated.
Improving the Quality of CAP Strategic Planning through Enhancing the Role of Agricultural Economics
Authors: Erjavec Emil , Rac Ilona 
Published: June 2023

SummaryExtending strategic planning to the full range of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) interventions could improve the impacts of this controversial public policy. Science, particularly agricultural economics, can play a role in improving the quality of planning and implementation of a reformed CAP. The preparation of Member States' Strategic Plans (SP) is rather formalistic, while the plans are not very rigorously designed. A major weakness is related to the CAP's political‐economic characteristics and lies in the selection and definition of interventions: financially strong but poorly targeted interventions tend to be pre‐fixed, which prevents a stronger focus on the results and quality of planning. The intervention logic functions as a black box, as the links between policy priorities and interventions are merely implied, with no clear, evidence‐based links. Therefore, European decision makers should re‐examine the concept of CAP SP and especially improve a support system and capacity building for SP designers. Greater involvement of academic research and scientific methods and tools in the preparation, monitoring and evaluation of plans, could significantly improve the quality of planning. This would require increased investment in research and dialogue among representatives of academia, government and the nongovernmental sector.
Mortality in older patients admitted to an ICU for COVID‐19: A systematic review
Authors: Bianco Céline , Guidet Bertrand , Flaatten Hans , Dechartres Agnès , Vallet Hélène 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe objective was to conduct a systematic review of mortality and factors independently associated with mortality of older patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for COVID‐19.Materials and MethodsData sources were MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and references of included studies. Two reviewers independently selected studies evaluating mortality of older patients (≥ 70 years) admitted to an ICU for COVID‐19. They extracted general characteristics, mortality rate, and factors independently associated with mortality. The methodological quality of each study was evaluated by using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist.ResultsWe selected 36 studies (11,989 patients). Many of the studies were conducted in Europe (42%) and many were retrospective (61%) and multicenter (61%). ICU mortality ranged from 8% to 90%, 1‐month mortality from 33% to 90% and 3‐month mortality, reported in five studies, from 46% to 60%. Frailty, assessed by the Clinical Frailty Score (CFS), was significantly associated with 1‐month and 3‐month mortality respectively in two studies (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.2 [2.56–4.13] and HR: 2.83 [95% CI: 1.96–4.08]).ConclusionIn this systematic review of older patients admitted to an ICU with COVID‐19, we documented high heterogeneity of mortality rates.