bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Occurrence of Higher‐Bands ECH Waves in Radiation Belts Based on a Novel Noise Reduction Algorithm (NORA)
Authors: Zhou Qinghua , Li Jiang , Xiao Fuliang , Zhang Sai , Liu Si , Yang Chang , He Yihua , Gao Zhonglei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves which can efficiently produce scattering loss of electrons, are frequently observed in the first band. Here we present new results on the global occurrence of higher‐band ECH waves in the radiation belts from Van Allen Probes data. We develop a novel noise reduction algorithm which can be widely applied to various plasma waves to better identify naturally occurring waves during periods of instrument interference. The occurrence rate of ECH waves in higher harmonic bands is comparable to that in the first harmonic band, except in the noon‐to‐dusk sector. As the level of geomagnetic activity increases, ECH waves in all bands can be observed at lower L‐shells. The occurrence rates of weak (moderate, strong) waves in all four bands increase 3–4 (4–6, 5–10) times during disturbed periods compared to those during quiet periods. The current results may provide better understanding of ECH‐driven magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
B cell-derived anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I antibody mediates hyperhomocysteinemia-aggravated hypertensive glomerular lesions by triggering ferroptosis
Authors: Du Xing , Ma Xiaolong , Tan Ying , Shao Fangyu , Li Chun , Zhao Yang , Miao Yutong , Han Lulu , Dang Guohui , Song Yuwei , Yang Dongmin , Deng Zhenling , Wang Yue , Jiang Changtao , Kong Wei , Feng Juan , Wang Xian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) that affects about 85% CKD patients. HHcy stimulates B cells to secrete pathological antibodies, although it is unknown whether this pathway mediates kidney injury. In HHcy-treated 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive murine model, HHcy-activated B cells secreted anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) antibodies that deposited in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), exacerbating glomerulosclerosis and reducing renal function. Mechanistically, HHcy 2K1C mice increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:0/20:4, 18:0/22:6, 16:0/20:4) in kidney tissue, as determined by lipidomics. GECs oxidative lipidomics validated the increase of oxidized phospholipids upon Hcy-activated B cells culture medium (Hcy-B CM) treatment, including PE (18:0/20:4 + 3[O], PE (18:0a/22:4 + 1[O], PE (18:0/22:4 + 2[O] and PE (18:0/22:4 + 3[O]). PE synthases ethanolamine kinase 2 (etnk2) and ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2 (pcyt2) were increased in the kidney GECs of HHcy 2K1C mice and facilitated polyunsaturated PE synthesis to act as lipid peroxidation substrates. In HHcy 2K1C mice and Hcy-B CM-treated GECs, the oxidative environment induced by iron accumulation and the insufficient clearance of lipid peroxides caused by transferrin receptor (TFR) elevation and down-regulation of SLC7A11/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) contributed to GECs ferroptosis of the kidneys. In vivo, pharmacological depletion of B cells or inhibition of ferroptosis mitigated the HHcy-aggravated hypertensive renal injury. Consequently, our findings uncovered a novel mechanism by which B cell-derived pathogenic anti-β2GPI IgG generated by HHcy exacerbated hypertensive kidney damage by inducing GECs ferroptosis. Targeting B cells or ferroptosis may be viable therapeutic strategies for ameliorating lipid peroxidative renal injury in HHcy patients with hypertensive nephropathy.
An artificial neural network for surrogate modeling of stress fields in viscoplastic polycrystalline materials
Authors: Khorrami Mohammad S. , Mianroodi Jaber R. , Siboni Nima H. , Goyal Pawan , Svendsen Bob , Benner Peter , Raabe Dierk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this work is the development of a trained artificial neural network for surrogate modeling of the mechanical response of elasto-viscoplastic grain microstructures. To this end, a U-Net-based convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained using results for the von Mises stress field from the numerical solution of initial-boundary-value problems (IBVPs) for mechanical equilibrium in such microstructures subject to quasi-static uniaxial extension. The resulting trained CNN (tCNN) accurately reproduces the von Mises stress field about 500 times faster than numerical solutions of the corresponding IBVP based on spectral methods. Application of the tCNN to test cases based on microstructure morphologies and boundary conditions not contained in the training dataset is also investigated and discussed.
Design and synthesis of novel cytotoxic fluoroquinolone analogs through topoisomerase inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis
Authors: Elanany Mohamed A. , Osman Essam Eldin A. , Gedawy Ehab Mohamed , Abou-Seri Sahar M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo exploit the advantageous properties of approved drugs to hasten anticancer drug discovery, we designed and synthesized a series of fluoroquinolone (FQ) analogs via functionalization of the acid hydrazides of moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Under the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Line Screening Assay, (IIIf) was the most potent among moxifloxacin derivatives, whereas (VIb) was the only ofloxacin derivative with significant effects and ciprofloxacin derivatives were devoid of activity. (IIIf) and (VIb) were further selected for five-dose evaluation, where they showed potent growth inhibition with a mean GI50of 1.78 and 1.45 µM, respectively. (VIb) elicited a more potent effect reaching sub-micromolar level on many cell lines, including MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines (GI50 = 0.41 and 0.42 µM, respectively), NSCLC cell line HOP-92 (GI50 = 0.50 µM) and CNS cell lines SNB-19 and U-251 (GI50 = 0.51 and 0.61 µM, respectively). (IIIf) and (VIb) arrested MCF-7 cells at G1/S and G1, respectively, and induced apoptosis mainly through the intrinsic pathway as shown by the increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-9 with a lesser activation of the extrinsic pathway through caspase-8. Both compounds inhibited topoisomerase (Topo) with preferential activity on type II over type I and (VIb) was marginally more potent than (IIIf). Docking study suggests that (IIIf) and (VIb) bind differently to Topo II compared to etoposide. (IIIf) and (VIb) possess high potential for oral absorption, low CNS permeability and low binding to plasma proteins as suggested by in silico ADME calculations. Collectively, (IIIf) and (VIb) represent excellent lead molecules for the development of cytotoxic agents from quinolone scaffolds.
Renal toxicity and biokinetics models after repeated uranium instillation
Authors: De Castro Laurie , Manoury Annabelle , Claude Olivier , Simoneau Bastien , Monceau Virginie , Suhard David , Elie Christelle , Magneron Victor , Roy Laurence , Bouvier-Capely Céline , Ibanez Chrystelle , Davesne Estelle , Guéguen Yann 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring nuclear fuel processing, workers can potentially be exposed to repeated inhalations of uranium compounds. Uranium nephrotoxicity is well documented after acute uranium intake, but it is controversial after long-term or protracted exposure. This study aims to analyze the nephrotoxicity threshold after repeated uranium exposure through upper airways and to investigate the resulting uranium biokinetics in comparison to reference models. Mice (C57BL/6J) were exposed to uranyl nitrate (0.03–3 mg/kg/day) via intranasal instillation four times a week for two weeks. Concentrations of uranium in urines and tissues were measured at regular time points (from day 1 to 91 post-exposure). At each exposure level, the amount of uranium retained in organs/tissues (kidney, lung, bone, nasal compartment, carcass) and excreta (urine, feces) reflected the two consecutive weeks of instillation except for renal uranium retention for the highest uranium dose. Nephrotoxicity biomarkers, KIM-1, clusterin and osteopontin, are induced from day 4 to day 21 and associated with changes in renal function (arterial fluxes) measured using non-invasive functional imaging (Doppler-ultrasonography) and confirmed by renal histopathological analysis. These results suggest that specific biokinetic models should be developed to consider altered uranium excretion and retention in kidney due to nephrotoxicity. The threshold is between 0.25 and 1 mg/kg/day after repeated exposure to uranium via upper airways.
The association between childhood motor performance and developmental trajectories of sport participation over 5 years in Danish students aged 6–16-year-old
Authors: Lykkegaard Charlotte Raadkjær , Andersen Helene Støttrup , Wehberg Sonja , Holden Sinead , Waldorff Frans Boch , Søndergaard Jens , Larsen Lisbeth Runge , Klakk Heidi , Wedderkopp Niels 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSports participation has potential to promote physical activity in youth. Unfortunately, sports participation and physical activity may decline from childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. Globally, only 20% of 13–15-year-olds meet the World Health Organisation recommendations for physical activity. This study aimed to investigate the 5-year trajectories of sports participation and their association with baseline motor performance in Danish school children as part of the Childhood Health Activity and Motor Performance School Study-Denmark (CHAMPS-DK), a school-based physical activity intervention study which investigated the health benefits of increased physical education lessons. Five distinct trajectories were identified, with group 1 maintained a stable trajectory of little to no sports participation, and group 2 showing a low decreasing trend. Group 3–5, the most sports active, demonstrated increasing sport participation at different rates. Baseline motor performance score was associated with the two most active sports participation groups. Students who were more physically active during school hours participated less in organised leisure time sports. This suggest focusing on improving motor performance in youth may support future sports participation and thus health-related physical activity. But also, that it might be necessary to engage and maintain children and adolescents in leisure time sports while implementing physical activity promotion interventions.
Screening and identification of key biomarkers of depression using bioinformatics
Authors: Kong Xinru , Wang Chuang , Wu Qiaolan , Wang Ziyue , Han Yu , Teng Jing , Qi Xianghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe aimed to identify the molecular biomarkers of MDD disease progression to uncover potential mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, three microarray data sets, GSE44593, GSE12654, and GSE54563, were cited from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for performance evaluation. To perform molecular functional enrichment analyses, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and a protein–protein interaction network was configured using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape. To assess multi-purpose functions and pathways, such as signal transduction, plasma membrane, protein binding, and cancer pathways, a total of 220 DEGs, including 143 upregulated and 77 downregulated genes, were selected. Additionally, six central genes were observed, including electron transport system variant transcription factor 6, FMS-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3, carnosine synthetase 1, solute carrier family 22 member 13, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase 2, and protein serine kinase H1, which had a significant impact on cell proliferation, extracellular exosome, protein binding, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and progression of MDD and provides candidate targets for its diagnosis and treatment.
Simulations approaching data: cortical slow waves in inferred models of the whole hemisphere of mouse
Authors: Capone Cristiano , De Luca Chiara , De Bonis Giulia , Gutzen Robin , Bernava Irene , Pastorelli Elena , Simula Francesco , Lupo Cosimo , Tonielli Leonardo , Resta Francesco , Allegra Mascaro Anna Letizia , Pavone Francesco , Denker Michael , Paolucci Pier Stanislao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of novel techniques to record wide-field brain activity enables estimation of data-driven models from thousands of recording channels and hence across large regions of cortex. These in turn improve our understanding of the modulation of brain states and the richness of traveling waves dynamics. Here, we infer data-driven models from high-resolution in-vivo recordings of mouse brain obtained from wide-field calcium imaging. We then assimilate experimental and simulated data through the characterization of the spatio-temporal features of cortical waves in experimental recordings. Inference is built in two steps: an inner loop that optimizes a mean-field model by likelihood maximization, and an outer loop that optimizes a periodic neuro-modulation via direct comparison of observables that characterize cortical slow waves. The model reproduces most of the features of the non-stationary and non-linear dynamics present in the high-resolution in-vivo recordings of the mouse brain. The proposed approach offers new methods of characterizing and understanding cortical waves for experimental and computational neuroscientists.
Impact of Pacific Ocean heatwaves on phytoplankton community composition
Authors: Arteaga Lionel A. , Rousseaux Cecile S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince 2013, marine heatwaves have become recurrent throughout the equatorial and northeastern Pacific Ocean and are expected to increase in intensity relative to historic norms. Among the ecological ramifications associated with these high temperature anomalies are increased mortality of higher trophic organisms such as marine mammals and seabirds, which are likely triggered by changes in the composition of phytoplankton, the base of the marine trophic food web. Here, we assimilated satellite ocean color data into an ocean biogeochemical model to describe changes in the abundance of phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) during the last decade’s (2010s) warm anomalies in the equatorial and northeastern Pacific Ocean. We find important changes associated with the “Blob” warm anomaly in the Gulf of Alaska, where reduced silica supply led to a switch in community composition from diatoms to dinoflagellates, resulting in an increase in surface ocean chlorophyll during the Summer–Fall of 2014. A more dramatic change was observed in the equatorial Pacific, where the extreme warm conditions of the 2016 El Niño resulted in a major decline of about 40% in surface chlorophyll, which was associated with a nearly total collapse in diatoms.
Evaluation of post-hoc interpretability methods in time-series classification
Authors: Turbé Hugues , Bjelogrlic Mina , Lovis Christian , Mengaldo Gianmarco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPost-hoc interpretability methods are critical tools to explain neural-network results. Several post-hoc methods have emerged in recent years but they produce different results when applied to a given task, raising the question of which method is the most suitable to provide accurate post-hoc interpretability. To understand the performance of each method, quantitative evaluation of interpretability methods is essential; however, currently available frameworks have several drawbacks that hinder the adoption of post-hoc interpretability methods, especially in high-risk sectors. In this work we propose a framework with quantitative metrics to assess the performance of existing post-hoc interpretability methods, particularly in time-series classification. We show that several drawbacks identified in the literature are addressed, namely, the dependence on human judgement, retraining and the shift in the data distribution when occluding samples. We also design a synthetic dataset with known discriminative features and tunable complexity. The proposed methodology and quantitative metrics can be used to understand the reliability of interpretability methods results obtained in practical applications. In turn, they can be embedded within operational workflows in critical fields that require accurate interpretability results for, example, regulatory policies.
Insufficient epitope-specific T cell clones are responsible for impaired cellular immunity to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in older adults
Authors: Xiao Chanchan , Ren Zhiyao , Zhang Bei , Mao Lipeng , Zhu Guodong , Gao Lijuan , Su Jun , Ye Jiezhou , Long Ze , Zhu Yue , Chen Pengfei , Su Xiangmeng , Zhou Tong , Huang Yanhao , Chen Xiongfei , Xie Chaojun , Yuan Jun , Hu Yutian , Zheng Jingshan , Wang Zhigang , Lou Jianrong , Yang Xiang , Kuang Zhiqiang , Zhang Hongyi , Wang Pengcheng , Liang Xiaofeng , Luo Oscar Junhong , Chen Guobing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAging is a critical risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine efficacy. The immune responses to inactivated vaccine for older adults, and the underlying mechanisms of potential differences to young adults, are still unclear. Here we show that neutralizing antibody production by older adults took a longer time to reach similar levels in young adults after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We screened SARS-CoV-2 variant strains for epitopes that stimulate specific CD8 T cell response, and older adults exhibited weaker CD8 T-cell-mediated responses to these epitopes. Comparison of lymphocyte transcriptomes from pre-vaccinated and post-vaccinated donors suggested that the older adults had impaired antigen processing and presentation capability. Single-cell sequencing revealed that older adults had less T cell clone expansion specific to SARS-CoV-2, likely due to inadequate immune receptor repertoire size and diversity. Our study provides mechanistic insights for weaker response to inactivated vaccine by older adults and suggests the need for further vaccination optimization for the old population.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool for deciphering Hsp90 molecular chaperone function
Authors: Backe Sarah J. , Mollapour Mehdi , Woodford Mark R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Yeast is a valuable model organism for their ease of genetic manipulation, rapid growth rate, and relative similarity to higher eukaryotes. Historically, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has played a major role in discovering the function of complex proteins and pathways that are important for human health and disease. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone responsible for the stabilization and activation of hundreds of integral members of the cellular signaling network. Much important structural and functional work, including many seminal discoveries in Hsp90 biology are the direct result of work carried out in S. cerevisiae. Here, we have provided a brief overview of the S. cerevisiae model system and described how this eukaryotic model organism has been successfully applied to the study of Hsp90 chaperone function.
Effects of Stevioside on the Expressions of GLUT 1, GLUT 3, and GLUT 4 Proteins in Diabetic Rat Placenta
Authors: Katirci Ertan , Kendirci-Katirci Remziye , Korgun Emin Turkay 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe placenta provides maternal–fetal nutrient transport. The primary source of energy for fetus development is glucose and maternal–fetal glucose transport occurs through glucose
transporters (GLUTs). Stevioside, a component of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, is used for medicinal and commercial purposes. We aim to determine the effects of stevioside on GLUT 1,
GLUT 3, and GLUT 4 proteins expressions in diabetic rat placentas. The rats are divided into four groups. A single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) is administered to form the diabetic groups.
Pregnant rats receive stevioside to form the stevioside and diabetic + stevioside groups. According to immunohistochemistry results, GLUT 1 protein is found in both the labyrinth and
junctional zones. GLUT 3 protein is limited in the labyrinth zone. GLUT 4 protein is detected in trophoblast cells. According to Western blotting results, on the 15th and 20th days of
pregnancy, there is no difference in the expression of GLUT 1 protein between groups. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the expression of GLUT 3 protein in the diabetic group is statistically
higher compared to the control group. On the 15th day and 20th day of pregnancy, the expression of GLUT 4 protein in the diabetic group is statistically lower compared to the control group.
Insulin levels in blood samples derived from rat abdominal aorta are determined by the ELISA method. According to the ELISA results, there is no difference in insulin protein concentration
between groups. Stevioside treatment reduces GLUT 1 protein expression under diabetic conditions.
Phänotypisierung des Schafschwanzes – Darstellung von
Methoden zur Charakterisierung im Rahmen der Zucht auf
Kurzschwänzigkeit
Authors: Hümmelchen Hannah , Wenisch Sabine , Brügemann Kerstin , König Sven , Wagner Henrik 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Um eine gezielte Zucht auf Kurzschwänzigkeit
zu etablieren, müssen initial geeignete Verfahren gefunden werden,
welche eine Phänotypisierung des Schafschwanzes über die
Schwanzlänge hinaus ermöglichen. In dieser Studie wurden neben
der Messung von Körpermaßen erstmals weiterführende
Untersuchungen wie die Ultrasonografie und die Radiologie an der kaudalen
Wirbelsäule von Schafen durchgeführt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es,
die physiologische Variation der Schwanzlängen und -wirbel innerhalb
einer Merinolandschafpopulation zu analysieren. Außerdem sollte der
Einsatz der sonografischen Grauwertanalyse und Perfusionsmessung am Schafschwanz
validiert werden.
Material und Methode Bei 256 Merinolandschaflämmern wurden am
ersten oder zweiten Lebenstag die Schwanzlänge und der Schwanzumfang in
Zentimetern gemessen. Im Alter von 14 Wochen wurde die kaudale
Wirbelsäule dieser Tiere röntgenologisch untersucht. Bei einem
Teil der Tiere wurde außerdem eine sonografische Graustufenanalyse und
die Messung der Perfusionsgeschwindigkeit der Arteria caudalis mediana
durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Die getestete Messmethode zeigte einen Standardfehler von
0,08 cm und einen Variationskoeffizienten von 0,23% für
die Schwanzlänge bzw. 0,78% für den Schwanzumfang. Die
Tiere wiesen eine mittlere Schwanzlänge von 22,5±2,32 cm
und einen mittleren Schwanzumfang von 6,53±0,49 cm auf. Die
mittlere Schwanzwirbelanzahl dieser Population betrug 20,4±1,6. Der
Einsatz einer mobilen Röntgenanlage eignet sich sehr gut dazu, die
kaudale Wirbelsäule bei Schafen darzustellen. Es konnte gezeigt werden,
dass die Arteria caudalis mediana sich für die Messung der
Perfusionsgeschwindigkeit (cm/s) darstellen lässt und auch die
sonografische Graustufenanalyse eine gute Durchführbarkeit aufwies. Der
mittlere Grauwert beträgt 19,74±4,5 und der Modalwert
für die meist aufgefundenen Grauwertpixel 191,53±120,2. Die
mittlere Perfusionsgeschwindigkeit für die Arteria caudalis mediana
beträgt 5,83±3,04 cm/s.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die getesteten Methoden gut
für die Charakterisierung des Schafschwanzes geeignet sind. Zum ersten
Mal konnten Grauwerte für das Schwanzgewebe und die
Perfusionsgeschwindigkeit der Arteria caudalis mediana ermittelt werden.
3 Fälle von Abomasitis im Zusammenhang mit einer Infektion
mit Sarcina sp. beim Kalb
Authors: Breuer Wolfram , Bühler Melanie , Suchowski Marcel , Just Frank , Neubauer-Juric Antonie , Schumacher Magdalena , Hafner-Marx Angela 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Fallbericht werden – nach dem Kenntnisstand der Autoren
erstmals im deutschen Sprachraum – 3 Kälber mit ulzerierender
beziehungsweise emphysematöser Abomasitis, bei denen
intraläsional Bakterien der Spezies Sarcina erkannt wurden,
vorgestellt. Das ungewöhnliche Aussehen dieser Bakterien wird
dargestellt und ihre ätiopathogenetische Relevanz diskutiert.