bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free‐breathing high isotropic resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of liver using 3D multi‐echo UTE cones acquisition and respiratory motion‐resolved image reconstruction
Authors: Kang MungSoo , Behr Gerald G. , Jafari Ramin , Gambarin Maya , Otazo Ricardo , Kee Youngwook 
Published: July 2023

PurposeTo enable free‐breathing and high isotropic resolution liver quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) using 3D multi‐echo UTE cones acquisition and respiratory motion‐resolved image reconstruction.MethodsUsing 3D multi‐echo UTE cones MRI, a respiratory motion was estimated from the k‐space center of the imaging data. After sorting the k‐space data with estimated motion, respiratory motion state‐resolved reconstruction was performed for multi‐echo data followed by nonlinear least‐squares fitting for proton density fat fraction (PDFF), , and fat‐corrected B0 field maps. PDFF and B0 field maps were subsequently used for QSM reconstruction. The proposed method was compared with motion‐averaged (gridding) reconstruction and conventional 3D multi‐echo Cartesian MRI in moving gadolinium phantom and in vivo studies. Region of interest (ROI)‐based linear regression analysis was performed on these methods to investigate correlations between gadolinium concentration and QSM in the phantom study and between and QSM in in vivo study.ResultsCones with motion‐resolved reconstruction showed sharper image quality compared to motion‐averaged reconstruction with a substantial reduction of motion artifacts in both moving phantom and in vivo studies. For ROI‐based linear regression analysis of the phantom study, susceptibility values from cones with motion‐resolved reconstruction ( = 0.31  0.05,  = 0.999) and Cartesian without motion ( = 0.32 0.04,  = 1.000) showed linear relationships with gadolinium concentrations and showed good agreement with each other. For in vivo, motion‐resolved reconstruction showed higher goodness of fit ( = 0.00261  0.524,  = 0.977) compared to motion‐averaged reconstruction ( = 0.0021  0.572, = 0.723) in ROI‐based linear regression analysis between and QSM.ConclusionFeasibility of free‐breathing liver QSM was demonstrated with motion‐resolved 3D multi‐echo UTE cones MRI, achieving high isotropic resolution currently unachievable in conventional Cartesian MRI.
Volumetric measurements of weak current–induced magnetic fields in the human brain at high resolution
Authors: Göksu Cihan , Gregersen Fróði , Scheffler Klaus , Eroğlu Hasan H. , Heule Rahel , Siebner Hartwig R. , Hanson Lars G. , Thielscher Axel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeClinical use of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) requires accurate knowledge of the injected current distribution in the brain. MR current density imaging (MRCDI) uses measurements of the TES‐induced magnetic fields to provide this information. However, sufficient sensitivity and image quality in humans in vivo has only been documented for single‐slice imaging.MethodsA recently developed, optimally spoiled, acquisition‐weighted, gradient echo–based 2D‐MRCDI method has now been advanced for volume coverage with densely or sparsely distributed slices: The 3D rectilinear sampling (3D‐DENSE) and simultaneous multislice acquisition (SMS‐SPARSE) were optimized and verified by cable‐loop experiments and tested with 1‐mA TES experiments for two common electrode montages.ResultsComparisons between the volumetric methods against the 2D‐MRCDI showed that relatively long acquisition times of 3D‐DENSE using a single slab with six slices hindered the expected sensitivity improvement in the current‐induced field measurements but improved sensitivity by 61% in the Laplacian of the field, on which some MRCDI reconstruction methods rely. Also, SMS‐SPARSE acquisition of three slices, with a factor 2 CAIPIRINHA (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration) acceleration, performed best against the 2D‐MRCDI with sensitivity improvements for the and Laplacian noise floors of 56% and 78% (baseline without current flow) as well as 43% and 55% (current injection into head). SMS‐SPARSE reached a sensitivity of 67 pT for three distant slices at 2 × 2 × 3 mm3 resolution in 10 min of total scan time, and consistently improved image quality.ConclusionVolumetric MRCDI measurements with high sensitivity and image quality are well suited to characterize the TES field distribution in the human brain.
Do nerve conduction studies or ultrasound imaging correlate more closely with subjective symptom severity in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Authors: Fargaly Sarah N. , Bland Jeremy D. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPrevious studies have reported weak correlations between neurophysiological measurements and subjective severity of symptoms in carpal tunnel syndrome, with Pearson r ≤ 0.26. We hypothesize that this resulted in part from patient‐to‐patient variability in the assessment of subjective severity using tools such as the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. To compensate for this, we aimed to assess within‐patient differences in symptom and test result severity.MethodsIn our study we used retrospective data from 13 005 patients with bilateral electrophysiological results and 790 patients with bilateral ultrasound imaging drawn from the Canterbury CTS database. Measures of neurophysiological (nerve conduction studies [NCS] grade) and anatomical (cross‐sectional area on ultrasound) severity within individual patients were compared between the right and left hands, eliminating individual variation in the way in which patients interpret the questionnaire.ResultsThere was a correlation found between right‐hand NCS grade and symptom severity score (Pearson r = −0.302, P < .001, n = 13,005), but not between right‐hand cross‐sectional area and symptom severity (Pearson r = 0.058, P = .10, n = 790). In the within‐subject analyses, there were significant correlations between symptoms and NCS grade (Pearson r = 0.6, P < .001, n = 6521) and between symptoms and cross‐sectional area (Pearson r = 0.3. P < .001, n = 433).DiscussionThe simple correlation between symptomatic and electrophysiological severity was comparable with previous studies, but within‐patient analysis revealed that the relationship was stronger than previously reported and strong enough to be clinically useful. The relationship between symptoms and cross‐sectional area measurement on ultrasound imaging was weaker.
Reliability analysis of bolt‐supported tunnels regarded as homogenized structures
Authors: da Silva Caio Cesar Cardoso , Bernaud Denise , Real Mauro de Vasconcellos , Maghous Samir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a reliability analysis of deep tunnels reinforced by fully grouted bolts using a homogenization approach. From the constitutive viewpoint, the anisotropic elastoplastic behavior of bolted rock mass is formulated in the context of the homogenization method. Reliability design analysis is undertaken considering the configurations of both radial and face bolts used separately or in association. The combination of rock bolting associated with classical shotcrete lining is also addressed. Restricting to deep tunnels and axisymmetry conditions, a simplified analytical approach followed by finite element numerical modeling are developed in the framework of the homogenization method. Reliability analyzes are performed using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and the first‐order reliability method (FORM). The response surface method (RSM) provides analytical approximations to enable reliability analyses without time‐consuming computational models. The results show excellent correlation between the obtained reliability parameters, which emphasizes the relevancy of the adopted reliability methods. Structural failure probabilities below or close to 1.0% were obtained in all cases studied for the best structural tunnel conditions.
Isotopomer analyses with the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and exchanging metabolites from the rat kidney
Authors: Jin Eunsook S. , Wen Xiaodong , Malloy Craig R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRenal metabolism is essential for kidney functions and energy homeostasis in the body. The TCA cycle is the hub of metabolism, but the metabolic activities of the cycle in the kidney have rarely been investigated. This study is to assess metabolic processes at the level of the TCA cycle in the kidney based on isotopomer distributions in multiple metabolites. Isolated rat kidneys were perfused with media containing common substrates including lactate and alanine for an hour. One group of kidneys received [U‐13C3]lactate instead of natural abundance lactate while the other group received [U‐13C3]alanine instead of natural abundance alanine. Perfused kidneys and effluent were prepared for analysis using NMR spectroscopy. 13C‐labeling patterns in glutamate, fumarate, aspartate and succinate from the kidney extracts showed that pyruvate carboxylase and oxidative metabolism through the TCA cycle were comparably very active, but pyruvate cycling and pyruvate dehydrogenase were relatively less active. Isotopomer analyses with fumarate and malate from effluent, however, indicated that pyruvate carboxylase was much more active than the TCA cycle and other metabolic processes. The reverse equilibrium of oxaloacetate with four‐carbon intermediates of the cycle was nearly complete (92%), based on the ratio of [2,3,4‐13C3]/[1,2,3‐13C3] in aspartate or malate. 13C enrichment in glucose with 13C‐lactate supply was higher than that with 13C‐alanine. Isotopomer analyses with multiple metabolites (i.e., glutamate, fumarate, aspartate, succinate and malate) allowed us to assess relative metabolic processes in the TCA cycle in the kidney supplied with [U‐13C3]lactate. Data from the analytes were generally consistent, indicating highly active pyruvate carboxylase and oxidative metabolism through the TCA cycle. Different 13C‐labeling patterns in analytes from the kidney extracts versus effluent suggested metabolic compartmentalization.
An efficient methodology for complementary finite element approximations in three‐dimensional elasticity
Authors: Moitinho de Almeida J. P. , Reis Jonatha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present a methodology for the definition of the matrices involved in stress based finite element approximations in three‐dimensional problems. In order to handle the increased complexity of the 3D case, a rotation of the global reference frame is used, which greatly simplifies the expressions involved. This rotation is also applicable to the 2D case. The main focus of this work concerns the matrices used in the implementation of the hybrid equilibrium approach. However, a similar complementary methodology (displacement based) is also presented, allowing for an efficient definition of the matrices required for dual analysis, wherein bounds of the solution error are obtained from pairs of complementary solutions, one compatible and the other equilibrated.
Lean management of nursing human resources during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tan Jianghong , Tian Yanzhen , Wang Lang , He Yi , Cui Songli , Feng Chunyan , Cai Anlie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo find a rapid, scientific, rational and accurate method of allocating nursing human resources during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA longitudinal prospective study.MethodsLean management tool is used to implement four‐level scheduling of nursing human resources, which is departmental level, district level, hospital level and city level, according to the daily reporting data of the whole hospital, such as Lianfan scheduling data, Dingding sensitive data and Hospital Information System daily report data.ResultsFifty batches of nursing manpower, 294 nurses and 3813 working days were deployed during the pandemic, and the nursing human resources allocation mathematical models of the hospital and all departments were constructed. Since COVID‐19 occurred, the infection rate of nurses with novel coronavirus and the mortality rate of critical patients have been keeping 0%, and the cure rate of common patients has been 100%.ConclusionThe use of lean management tool to allocate nursing human resources plays a positive role in ensuring zero infection of nurses, improving the cure rate of common patients and reducing the mortality rate of critically ill patients with COVID‐19.
Reverse time migration imaging method for tunnel seismic forward‐prospecting in viscoacoustic media
Authors: Ren Yuxiao , Ding Xiangnan , Guo Meiyan , Wang Jiansen , Xu Xinji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe imaging of geological structure in front of a tunnel face is conducive to the safe construction of tunnels. The reverse time migration (RTM) method is popular for its high imaging accuracy. However, most of the current tunnel seismic RTM methods assume complete elasticity, ignoring the nature of wave propagation attenuation, resulting in a poor imaging outcome, especially when tunnelling in the shallow subsurface. Thus, it is necessary to study tunnel RTM suitable for attenuating strata. First, considering the frequency of tunnel seismic forward‐prospecting is usually higher than that of ground surface seismic exploration, we established a corresponding tunnel viscous media model to enable viscoacoustic forward modelling of seismic wavefield. Then, a simultaneous compensation approach for its amplitude and phase velocity is proposed based on the combination of the real and imaginary parts of the complex modulus. After the compensation of seismic wavefields, the tunnel Q‐RTM imaging method in viscoacoustic media is formed, and its effectiveness is verified by numerical examples. Compared with RTM without attenuation compensation, tunnel Q‐RTM effectively enhances the imaging energy and has higher positioning accuracy, improving the imaging effect of complex structures (especially at larger distances from the tunnel face). In the end, a detailed case study is presented to demonstrat the potential of the proposed method for field application.
The societal costs and health impacts on obesity of BMI report cards in US schools
Authors: Poole Mary Kathryn , Gortmaker Steven L. , Barrett Jessica L. , McCulloch Stephanie M. , Rimm Eric B. , Emmons Karen M. , Ward Zachary J. , Kenney Erica L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the 10‐year cost‐effectiveness of school‐based BMI report cards, a commonly implemented program for childhood obesity prevention in the US where student BMI is reported to parents/guardians by letter with nutrition and physical activity resources, for students in grades 3 to 7.MethodsA microsimulation model, using data inputs from evidence reviews on health impacts and costs, estimated: how many students would be reached if the 15 states currently measuring student BMI (but not reporting to parents/guardians) implemented BMI report cards from 2023 to 2032; how many cases of childhood obesity would be prevented; expected changes in childhood obesity prevalence; and costs to society.ResultsBMI report cards were projected to reach 8.3 million children with overweight or obesity (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 7.7–8.9 million) but were not projected to prevent any cases of childhood obesity or significantly decrease childhood obesity prevalence. Ten‐year costs totaled $210 million (95% UI: $30.5–$408 million) or $3.33 per child per year with overweight or obesity (95% UI: $3.11–$3.68).ConclusionsSchool‐based BMI report cards are not cost‐effective childhood obesity interventions. Deimplementation should be considered to free up resources for implementing effective programs.
Optimal allocation of distributed generation for power flow enhancement in distribution network
Authors: Jayaraman Panneerselvam Srividhya , Krishnamoorthi Yogitha , Ramamoorthy Suresh , Selvaraj Jaisiva 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article articulates the enhancement of voltage profiles in transmission systems by reducing the voltage deviation and system power losses. Electric power flows uniformly throughout Regional Distribution Networks in the power grid station, resulting in low voltage consistency, significant voltage dips and power losses in the distribution network, highlighting high R/X ratios even with a heavy load or power failure issues, despite installing distributed generation in the radial distribution system for enhancing voltage profile in the grid network. The meta‐heuristic optimization algorithm plays a vital role in determining optimal location of DG for attaining the objective of research. In the practical network, a single objective optimization strategy cannot be employed to solve of power system optimization problems of all kinds. Hence multi‐objective function needs to be addressed. The prime task of this research is to investigate and allocate an optimal location to connect the Distributed Generation, with evaluation of the best DG configuration, with minimized power losses and improved voltage profile of the distribution network using the Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm. A standard IEEE 37‐bus Radial Distribution system is employed as the test bus system to test the performance and effectiveness of the optimization technique. To show the stiffness of the proposed algorithm the results are compared with various optimization approaches that employ similar objective functions.
Leveraging seasonality and timing to optimize pediatric weight management interventions: Novel directions for future research
Authors: Evans E. Whitney , Darling Katherine E. , Egbert Amy , Hayes Jacqueline F. , Jelalian Elissa , Warnick Jennifer , Topor Lisa Swartz , Goldschmidt Andrea B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNational estimates suggest that more than 35% of American children, ages 2–19 years, are overweight or obese, which increases their risk for weight‐related comorbidities including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease risk factors, depression, and anxiety. While obesity prevention is most cost‐effective, for youth with existing obesity, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends ≥26 h of comprehensive lifestyle intervention over 6–12 months. This include standard behavioral therapy, dietary counseling, and an emphasis on physical activity. Although such programs are effective in reducing weight status, there are many barriers to completing these programs. A novel consideration for both the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity is the recognition that the timing of intervention, both duration and time of the year, can impact family engagement and intervention effectiveness. This paper discusses the potential of targeting high‐risk periods for weight gain and offering brief behavioral intervention, in hopes of inspiring research on novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.
Connecting the dots: Carrier screening and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act in the United States
Authors: Rice Stephanie M. , McLaren Rodney A. , Mustafa Hiba J. , Dugoff Lorraine , Al‐Kouatly Huda B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo highlight the possibility of genetic discrimination in the United States with respect to carrier screening under limitations of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) and to encourage providers to educate patients about this possibility during pretest counseling.MethodsReview of current professional guidelines and practice resources regarding the necessary components of pretest counseling for carrier screening in the context of GINA's limitations and the potential impact of carrier screening results on life, long‐term care and disability insurance.ResultsCurrent practice resources advise that patients in the United States should be informed that their employer or health insurance company generally cannot use their genetic information during the underwriting process. However, these resources do not elaborate on GINA's limitations or explain why there may be adverse consequences to patients regarding these limitations. Studies have demonstrated significant gaps in provider knowledge of GINA, especially for those without formal genetic training.ConclusionEnhanced education and provision of GINA educational resources for providers and patients will help ensure that patients have the opportunity to prioritize their insurance needs prior to undergoing carrier screening.
Development of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon black‐polypyrrole composites with enhanced piezoelectric properties
Authors: Bertolini Mayara C. , Zamperlin Nico , Barra Guilherme M. O. , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride)/thermoplastic polyurethane (PVDF/TPU) composites filled with carbon‐black polypyrrole were prepared via melt compounding followed by compression molding and fused filament fabrication. CB‐PPy was added to the blends from 0 up to 15% to possible act as nucleating filler for PVDF β phase in order to increase its piezoelectric response. The influence of blending PVDF and TPU and of the addition of CB‐PPy on the overall crystallinity, content of β phase, and piezoelectric response of composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and determination of the piezoelectric coefficient (d33). It was found that the addition of TPU to PVDF induced an increase of the crystallinity degree and content of β phase in PVDF. Moreover, although the degree of crystallinity of the composites decreased with the addition of CB‐PPy, the percentage of β phase in PVDF was increased. This effect is more significant in samples with filler concentration higher than 6 wt%. As expected, thed33of the composites increased as the content of the β phase increased. Furthermore, 3D printed samples displayed lower content of β phase and reduced piezoelectric responses when compared to compression molded samples with same composition.
Companion plants and straw mulch reduce cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) damage on oilseed rape
Authors: Seimandi‐Corda Gaëtan , Winkler Julian , Jenkins Todd , Kirchner Sascha M , Cook Samantha M 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlant diversification, especially sowing crops with the addition of companion plants has been demonstrated as a suitable practice to increase insect pest control in multiple cropping systems. Since the ban on use of neonicotinoid seed treatments in oilseed rape (OSR), the harvested area has reduced significantly in Europe, mainly because of the damage caused by cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala). Several companion plants such as legumes and other species of Brassicaceae have been reported as potential companions for OSR but robust evaluation of their efficiency to reduce cabbage stem flea beetle damage in replicated trials is lacking.ResultsFour field trials were conducted in the UK and Germany to test the effect of different companion plants, or the addition of straw mulch, on cabbage stem flea beetle adult feeding and larval infestation in OSR. We found significant differences in the level of feeding damage between treatments in all experiments. Combinations of OSR with cereal companion plants or with straw mulch showed the strongest reduction in adult feeding damage. A protective effect of legumes was also observed in one trial. Differences in larval infestation were also observed between treatments but were not consistent and might be more related to the OSR plant biomass than to treatments.ConclusionThis study shows that companion planting can protect OSR crops from cabbage stem flea beetle adult feeding damage. We show for the first time that not only legumes, but also cereals and the application of straw mulch can have a strong protective effect on the crop. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.