bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caudate volume and symptoms of apathy in older adults with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cote Sarah E , Wagshul Mark E , Foley Fredrick W , Lipton Michael L , Holtzer Roee 
Published: August 2023

Background: Apathy is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neurological disease, but its presence and underlying brain mechanisms in older adults with MS (OAMS) have not been evaluated. Objective: Examine apathy and its association with caudate nuclei volume in OAMS and controls. We hypothesized that compared to controls, OAMS would demonstrate: a) greater apathy; b) stronger associations between apathy and caudate nuclei volumes. Methods: OAMS ( n = 67, mean age = 64.55 ± 3.89) and controls ( n = 74, mean age = 69.04 ± 6.32) underwent brain MRI, cognitive assessment, psychological, and motoric testing. Apathy was assessed through the apathy subscale of the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: OAMS reported greater apathy compared to controls ( β = 0.281, p = 0.004). Adjusted moderation analyses revealed a significantly stronger association between caudate volume and apathy (left: B = −1.156, p = 0.039, right: B = −1.163, p = 0.040) among OAMS compared to controls. Conditional effects revealed that in adjusted models, lower volume of both the left ( b = −0.882, p = 0.037) and right ( b = −0.891, p = 0.038) caudate nuclei was significantly associated with greater apathy only among OAMS. Conclusion: Caudate nuclei, which are susceptible to adverse MS effects and implicated in mediating cognitive and motor function, may influence the presence and severity of apathy in OAMS.
The effect of text message reminders on compliance with Twin Block appliances: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Higgins Emily , Garvey Thérèse , Burns Angus 
Published: August 2023

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether text reminders influence patient compliance with Twin Block appliances. The null hypothesis was that there was no statistically significant differences in Twin Block compliance between those who receive text reminders and those that do not. Design: Single-blind parallel randomised controlled clinical trial. Setting: Health Service Executive (HSE) orthodontic outpatient clinic in Dublin, Ireland. Participants: A total of 59 patients aged 11–15 years with a 5a Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN grade) starting treatment with Twin Block appliances. Methods: A computer-generated unstratified allocation sequence was used to randomise the participants into the control group (CG) or the text group (TG). Both groups were asked to wear their appliances full-time. In addition to the same verbal and written instruction received by the CG, the TG received text message reminders, every 3 days, to wear their appliances. The primary outcome measure was wear time reported by Theramon® sensors embedded in the appliances. Data on wear time were uploaded from the Theramon® sensors onto cloud software. Participants in both groups were asked to fill out wear diaries and submit these at each visit. Treating clinicians and the primary investigator were blinded to the allocation group. Participants were followed up for 4 months. Participants were not blinded to their treatment group. Results: In total, 29 participants were allocated to the CG and 30 to the TG. The data for 53 participants were analysed, 24 from the CG and 29 from the TG. The median hours/day of wear recorded using the Theramon® sensors was 13.77 (interquartile range [IQR] = 10.19) for the CG and 17.72 (IQR = 5.62) for the TG. The difference in wear time recorded was not statistically significant ( P = 0.16). Conclusion: The study concluded that text message reminders had no statistically significant influence on patient compliance with Twin Block appliances.
Beyond atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: overall efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a real-world setting
Authors: Falette-Puisieux Manon , Nault Jean-Charles , Bouattour Mohamed , Lequoy Marie , Amaddeo Giuliana , Decaens Thomas , Di Fiore Frederic , Manfredi Sylvain , Merle Philippe , Baron Aurore , Locher Christophe , Pellat Anna , Coriat Romain 
Published: August 2023

Background: In patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progressing after atezolizumab and bevacizumab, the optimal therapeutic sequence is still unclear and no second-line agent has proven its efficacy. Objectives: The aim of this retrospective multicenter real-world cohort study was to provide an evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the use of second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in this population. Methods: All patients with advanced HCC, treated in first-line setting by atezolizumab–bevacizumab, and who received at least one dose of treatment with TKI were included in this study. All the data were retrospectively collected from medical records. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), overall global survival (OGS), and safety. A total of 82 patients were included in this study. Results: Patients were assigned to the regorafenib group ( n = 29, 35.4%) or other TKI (sorafenib n = 41, lenvatinib n = 8, or cabozantinib n = 4) group ( n = 53). PFS was not significantly different between the two groups [2.6 versus 2.8 months, HR 1.07 (95% CI: 0.61–1.86), p = 0.818]. Median PFS rates were 2.6, 4.4, and 2.8 months in sorafenib-, lenvatinib-, and cabozantinib group, respectively. OS was statistically different between the regorafenib group and other TKI group [15.8 versus 7.0 months, HR 0.40 (95% CI: 0.20–0.79), p = 0.023]. When adjusting on confounding factors, there was still a difference in OS favoring the regorafenib group (adjusted hazard ratio 0.35, p = 0.019). OGS of patients who received regorafenib was improved compared to other TKI [18.6 versus 15.0 months, HR 0.42 (95% CI: 0.22–0.84), p = 0.036]. Twenty percent of patients had grade 3 and none had grade 4 or 5 adverse events. In patients who experienced disease progression and fit for a third-line treatment, 80% and 50% received cabozantinib in regorafenib group and other TKI group, respectively. Conclusion: Efficacy of any TKI in the second-line setting was not affected by atezolizumab–bevacizumab treatment as first-line therapy. The safety profile in the second-line setting was consistent with the results shown in pivotal studies. PFS rates of patients were similar, regardless of TKI type. Regorafenib was associated with better OS and OGS rates compared to other TKI. These data need to be confirmed in prospective comparative studies.
Knee Extension Exercise Effects on Physiological and Psychophysical Performance: Normal Weight Versus Obese Office Workers
Authors: Mohammadian Mostafa , Choobineh Alireza , Razeghi Mohsen , Daneshmandi Hadi , Ghaem Haleh , Kazemi Reza , Jahani Yunes , Hashemi Nejad Naser 
Published: August 2023

Background: Knee extension exercise is useful and practical for obese and overweight people as this form of exercise is effective in minimizing body weight loading on joints and improving the body’s physiological function. This study aimed to compare the physiological and psychophysical parameters of office workers while computer-based working in an active workstation equipped with an active footrest (AFR) prototype with a mechanism for performing knee extension exercises in a sitting position, and also to compare the physiological and psychophysical parameters among normal-weight and obese office workers. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the physiological parameters of heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) (measured with the Fitbit Charge HR smartwatch) were measured in two cross-over random sessions for 32 office workers (16 normal-weight and 16 obese) aged 28 to 50 years ( M = 42.72, standard deviation [ SD] = 4.37) while performing office tasks in sitting and active workstations (equipped with AFR). Perceived physical exertion, comfort, fatigue, and liking were also measured by rating the participants. Findings: Short-term activity of the participants with AFR performing computer tasks significantly improved physiological and psychophysical parameters compared with the participants in sitting workstations. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of AFR on physiological and psychophysical parameters between normal-weight and obese participants. Conclusions/Application to Practice: Given the significant increase in EE and HR resulting from exercise with AFR compared with the conventional workstation, the use of AFR can help office workers achieve the minimum standard of physical activity at their workplace.
Diabetes distress in a Barbadian population with type 2 diabetes: A pilot test
Authors: Dasantos Allison , Goddard Carlisle , Maynard Donna-Maria , Ragoobirsingh Dalip 
Published: August 2023

One in five Barbadians has diabetes, suggesting that there is a severe burden of the disease. Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the Diabetes Distress Scale, in order to determine the feasibility, practicality, internal consistency and criterion validity of the instrument when used with Barbadians living with Type 2 Diabetes. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes, ( n = 106. 60% females, 40% males; mean age = 65.2, 11.3 years) attending a private clinic in Barbados were assessed for diabetes distress, depression, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and blood pressure (BP). A self-report questionnaire that included: clinical and demographic questions; the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS); the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); and the Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID-5) scale. Glycated haemaglobin (HbA1C) and Blood pressure (BP) were also measured. Results: Of the 110 persons who participated, 106 persons completed the questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the PAID was 0.92 and the DDS was 0.92. Concurrent validity was demonstrated in a strong consistent relationship between the scores on the DDS and PAID-5, with a strong positive correlation, r = 0.70, n = 86, p < 0.001. There was a significant difference in the DDS scores between males ( M = 1.26, SD = 0.37) and females ( M = 1.50, SD = 0.73), t(73.31) = −1.99, p = 0.05 two tailed. Conclusion: The DDS is shown to be a valid and reliable measure within this Caribbean context. Thus, researchers and clinicians desirous of a tool to assess Diabetes Distress may be assured of the strong psychometric properties demonstrated thus far.
Association of Injury Rates Among Players in the National Football League With Playoff Qualification, Travel Distance, Game Timing, and the Addition of Another Game: Data From the 2017 to 2022 Seasons
Authors: Angileri Hunter S. , McLoughlin Daniel E. , Owen Madeline M. , May Jared M. , Terry Michael A. , Tjong Vehniah K. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Injury incidence is higher in the National Football League (NFL) than in other collision sports. Although previous research has identified that scheduling variations, including overseas games and bye week timing, does not affect concussion risk, data are currently lacking regarding the effects of scheduling variation on season-long musculoskeletal injury incidence. Purpose: To determine whether higher cumulative travel distance, overseas play, an early season bye week, and an expansion of the regular season is associated with higher injury rates in the NFL. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: All 1275 injuries across 5 NFL seasons from 2017 to 2018 through 2021 to 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Injury data and travel distances were extracted from publicly available sources, which were cross-referenced for validation. Injury rates were calculated per 1000 athletic-exposures (AEs). Cumulative team travel distances were compared statistically using a linear regression. Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare categorical variables. Results: Travel distance did not significantly predict injury rates ( P = .47), and there was no difference in injury rates between teams that played a game overseas versus teams that did not (19.3 injuries per 1000 AEs for both; P = .96). In addition, no difference was found in injury rates ( F[109,2100[ = 0.704; P = .73) or players placed on the injured reserve list ( F[99,778] = 1.70; P = .077) between various bye weeks ( P = .73). Injury rates did not differ between the new 17-game regular season (18.4 per 1000 AEs) versus the previous four 16-game regular seasons (19.7 per 1000 AEs; P = .12). However, teams that did not qualify for the playoffs had a significantly higher injury rate (19.9 per 1000 AEs) as well as players on injured reserve (8.0 per 1000 AEs) than playoff-qualifying teams (18.4 and 6.8 per 1000 AEs, respectively; P < .05 for both). Conclusion: Over 5 NFL seasons, cumulative travel distance, overseas play, bye week timing, and adding 1 regular season game were not associated with increased injury rates in NFL players. However, a lack of regular season success was associated with higher injury rates and more players on injured reserve.
Algorithmic Elementary-Age Nasal Reconstruction for Binder Syndrome
Authors: Blum Jessica D. , Villavisanis Dillan F. , Cho Daniel Y. , Cheung Liana , Plana Natalie M. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. , Swanson Jordan W. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Nasomaxillary hypoplasia, or Binder syndrome, is conventionally treated at skeletal maturity (SKM). However, our institution has employed a stratified treatment algorithm, treating severe patients with serial nasal expansion beginning at elementary school age (5-11 years) to expand the soft tissues and improve appearance prior to definitive rhinoplasty at SKM. This study evaluates the treatment patterns and outcomes of Binder syndrome employing this pathway. Methods: Eight cases of nasomaxillary hypoplasia were identified from a database of rhinoplasties performed between 2006 and 2020 at a tertiary children’s hospital. Photomorphometric analyses were conducted on basal, frontal, and lateral photographs. Goode’s ratio was used to assess change in projection, and pronasale to ala distance was measured bilaterally as a proxy of symmetry. Changes in symmetry were calculated using bilateral nasal width ratio. Results: In our sample, 6 patients (75.0%) had initial rhinoplasty prior to SKM, with 3 undergoing serial silastic implant placement, one with complicated implant placement followed by autologous reconstruction, and 2 undergoing serial expansion with allograft rib cartilage grafts. Average age at initial rhinoplasty was 6.3 (range 5.2-8.8) years for the pre-SKM group and 15.6 (range 14.1-17.1) years for the post-SKM group. Patients in the pre-SKM rhinoplasty group underwent more procedures than those at SKM (2.3 vs 1.5, respectively). The average change in nasal parameters was −0.029 for Goode’s ratio and −9.5° for nasolabial angle. The average post-operative nasal symmetry index was 0.98 representing near perfect symmetry. There was no significant difference in the degree of improvement in nasolabial angle, Goode’s ratio, or nasal symmetry between SKM and pre-SKM cohorts (all P > .05). Conclusion: Among patients with Binder syndrome, those treated initially at elementary-age were able to achieve similar improvements in nasal indices to those treated at SKM. This approach allows patients to live their key developmental years with less stigmata of their facial difference but requires more surgical intervention.
Persistence to anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies and onabotulinumtoxinA among patients with migraine: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Charleston Larry , Talon Brian , Sullivan Christine , Anderson Carlton , Kymes Steven , Regnier Stephane A. , Soni-Brahmbhatt Seema , Nahas Stephanie J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo date, real-world evidence on persistence to anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (anti-CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or onabotulinumtoxinA have excluded eptinezumab. This retrospective cohort study was performed to compare treatment persistency among patients with migraine on anti-CGRP mAbs (erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, or eptinezumab) or onabotulinumtoxinA.MethodsThis retrospective study used IQVIA PharmMetrics data. Adult patients with migraine treated with an anti-CGRP mAb or onabotulinumtoxinA who had 12 months of continuous insurance enrollment before starting treatment were included. A “most recent treatment episode” analysis was used in which the most recent episode was defined as the latest treatment period with the same drug (anti-CGRP mAb or onabotulinumtoxinA) without a ≥ 15-day gap in medication supply on/after June 25, 2020, to December 31, 2021. Patients were indexed at the start of their most recent episode. Patients were considered non-persistent and discontinued the therapy associated with their most recent episode if there was ≥ 15-day gap in medication supply. A Cox proportional-hazards model estimated the discontinuation hazard between treatments. The gap periods and cohort definition were varied in sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe study included 66,576 patients (median age 46 years, 88.6% female). More eptinezumab-treated patients had chronic migraine (727/1074), ≥ 3 previous acute (323/1074) or preventive (333/1074) therapies, and more prior treatment episodes (3) than other treatment groups. Based on a 15-day treatment gap, patients on subcutaneous anti-CGRP mAbs had a 32% (95% CI: 1.19, 1.49; erenumab), 42% (95% CI: 1.27, 1.61; galcanezumab), and 58% (95% CI: 1.42, 1.80; fremanezumab) higher discontinuation hazard than those receiving eptinezumab, with this relationship attenuated, but still statistically significant based on 30-day and 60-day treatment gaps. There was no significant difference in the discontinuation hazard between eptinezumab and onabotulinumtoxinA. Based on a 15-day treatment gap among patients who newly initiated therapy, the discontinuation hazard of subcutaneous anti-CGRP mAbs remained significantly higher compared to eptinezumab and onabotulinumtoxinA.ConclusionPatients treated with eptinezumab demonstrated persistency that was higher than subcutaneous anti-CGRP mAbs and similar to onabotulinumtoxinA.Graphical Abstract
Peripheral retinal cysts in presumed ocular toxocariasis
Authors: Maamouri Rym , Jallouli Aida , Béizig Olfa , Cheour Monia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTypical clinical manifestations of ocular toxocariasis are central posterior granuloma, peripheral granuloma and chronic endophthalmitis. Herein we report the presence of peripheral subretinal cysts in two cases with a presumed ocular toxocariasis (OT).
Selecting the superior late-leafing genotypes of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) using morphological and pomological evaluations
Authors: Soveili Somayeh , Khadivi Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Late-spring frost is one of the major factors limiting and reducing yield of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) in temperate regions, including Iran. Therefore, in the present study, seedling-originated genotypes of walnut were investigated to identify late-leafing genotypes with high-quality kernels for direct cultivation in orchards or as parents in breeding programs. In the first step, the variation of the selected trees was investigated in terms of traits related to phenology, vegetation, and fruit. In the second step, late-leafing trees were identified and their traits related to kernel quality were investigated to identify superior genotypes.

Results
Strong variabilities were exhibited among the studied genotypes based on the traits recorded. The genotypes showed high variation based on dates of leafing, full male flowering date, and full female flowering date, including very early, early, moderate, and late. After recording the leafing date, 21 late-leaf genotypes were identified and evaluated to select the superiors among them in terms of kernel quantity and quality. Among them, the values of nut-related traits ranged as follows: nut length: 30.12–49.74 mm, nut width: 29.31–37.17 mm, nut weight: 8.77–16.47 g, and shell thickness: 1.15–2.25 mm. The values of kernel-related traits ranged as follows: kernel length: 22.35–35.73 mm, kernel width: 21.79–29.03 mm, kernel weight: 3.22–8.17 g, and kernel percentage: 35.08–53.95%.

Conclusions
According to the ideal values and situations of commercial characteristics of walnut, twelve promising late-leafing genotypes (No. 9, 13, 32, 33, 72, 77, 78, 82, 83, 86, 92, and 98) were identified and are recommended for cultivation in orchards.
Association between serum Klotho concentration and hypertension in postmenopausal women, a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2013–2016
Authors: Yu Jingli , Li Jinfeng , Li Mingxia , Wang Ling , Xu Xia , Li Miao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between serum Klotho protein concentration and postmenopausal hypertension.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design was used, in which 1713 postmenopausal women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 were included. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between serum Klotho concentration and postmenopausal hypertension.

Results
A weighted analysis was executed, revealing a noteworthy hypertension prevalence rate of 53.44% among the study participants. Participants with lower quartile of serum Klotho concentration had a higher prevalence of hypertension than those in higher quartiles (Q1:62.29% vs. Q2: 48.52% vs. Q3: 47.33% vs. Q4: 55.02%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that participants with higher quartiles of serum Klotho concentration had a significantly reduced risk of postmenopausal hypertension compared to those in the lowest quartile. Subgroup analysis displayed consistent findings in those following subgroups: aged ≥ 65 years, obesity, nonsmokers, individuals without diabetes and coronary heart disease, and those with higher levels of estradiol and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Based on the results, we concluded that there is a significant association between serum Klotho concentration and postmenopausal hypertension.

Conclusion
The findings of this study revealed a significant inverse association between serum Klotho concentration and hypertension among postmenopausal women. Serum Klotho concentration may serve as a valuable biomarker for risk stratification in postmenopausal women who are at risk of developing hypertension.