bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric cycloplegic refraction
Authors: Eltagoury Mahmoud , Ghoneim Ehab 
Published: April 2023

Background: Cycloplegic refraction is an essential part of the pediatric ophthalmic assessment and is the cornerstone of strabismus evaluation. This narrative review aimed to ascertain the current scope of practice for cycloplegic refraction in the pediatric population.
Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted using ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the following search terms: cyclopentolate, tropicamide, pediatric cycloplegia, atropine, homatropine, manual retinoscope, handheld autorefractometer, spherical errors, and no spherical errors of refraction in articles published from January 2000 to December 2022. Relevant retrieved references and practical points concerning pediatric cycloplegic refraction were summarized.
Results: Atropine has the most potent cycloplegic effect and is best used in cases of severe accommodative esotropia. Because of the unfavorable side effects and risks associated with atropine, cyclopentolate has been found to provide quite effective cycloplegia, even for moderate to severe hyperopia, and has become the standard agent for traditional pediatric cycloplegic exams. Tropicamide has also been shown to provide adequate cycloplegia while being less toxic and causing fewer side effects. Tropicamide has the fewest side effects and toxicity of all agents, while atropine has the most. Cyclopentolate is an exceptionally safe cycloplegic agent. To detect spherical and non-spherical refractive errors, refraction can be performed using a handheld autorefractometer or a manual retinoscope, as well as under general anesthesia in some cases. The optimal time to wear eyeglasses to maintain binocular vision and avoid amblyopia is also considered.
Conclusions: Accommodative power in children is at its maximum, and this interferes with reliable - assessment of refraction. Therefore, the use of cycloplegic refraction is mandatory during childhood to obtain actual refraction, which is considered the cornerstone for eyeglass prescription. Knowledge of the various cycloplegic agents used in childhood refraction is important for ophthalmologists and optometrists to obtain safe and effective cycloplegia. High refractive errors, as well as the presence of anisometropia or squint, necessitate the use of eyeglasses as early as childhood to maintain binocularity and depth perception.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Harga Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada PT Alfamart Medan
Authors: Sinaga Kepler 
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the Quality of Service and Price on Customer Satisfaction Consumers Alfamart Jl. Plow 1, Medan. The research method is correlational quantitative and the type of research is explanatory research. The population of all consumers with the number of samples using Convenience Sampling is 67 people. Questionnaire data collection techniques and linear regression data analysis.
Testing the hypothesis t test (X1) t count 4.092 > t table 1.998, the significance value of X1 0.000 <0.05 means that service quality has a positive and partially significant effect on customer satisfaction. T test (X2) t arithmetic 10.509 > t table 1.998, the significance value of X2 0.000 <0.0 means that the price has a positive and partially significant effect on customer satisfaction. F test (X1, X2) F count 101.911 > F table 3.14 or significance value (X1, X2) = 0.000 <0.05, meaning X1, X2, simultaneously affects customer satisfaction. Alfamart to further develop quality and affordable prices so as to further increase customer satisfaction.
Implementasi Etika Di Lingkungan Mahasiswa Ditinjau Dari Sudut Pandang Berpikir Deontologis, Teologis, Dan Kontektual
Authors: Lum Riana 
Published: April 2023

Ethics is very important role in self-students and others, by understanding the role of ethical students can act on its production in asking students as for example in the study of demonstrating demanding ethical justice into a control tool that can withstand students from acting anarchist. As an students must understand freedom and responsibility, because many students who are monitimate of interpreting freedom with unparalleled freedom. Contrary to the ethics of deontology, theological ethics may judge whether an act is good based on the purpose it is intended to achieve it. It is another matter of ethical contextual portrayal of a collection of views in philosophy that emphasizes the context in which an action, speech or phrase occurs, and argues that, in some respects, action, speech, or phrase can only be understood relative to that context. Ethics is a picture / image of one person to be known.
Implementasi Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Pedesaan (PNPM) Di Desa Salam Tani Kecamatan Pancur Batu Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Simangunsong Ridhon 
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation process and determine the performance of PNPM-MP implementation on the SPP program in Salam Tani Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Sources of data are Salam Tani Village Head, PNPM TPK Chair, SPP group chairman, Community members who are members of the Women's Savings and Loans Group.
Women's Savings and Loans in Salam Tani Village, Pancur Batu District is classified as a fairly good program. The performance of PNPM-MP implementation in the SPP Program has been good, this can be seen from the results of activities which provide positive benefits for the community (women). Has been able to help local communities in improving the economy and a good standard of living. In the future, there is a need for better mobilization of resources, more training and guidance needs to be developed, a system is needed to monitor the use of funds by SPP recipients. This program must receive greater attention from related parties so that the activities carried out are even better, especially at the village level.
PENGARUH PENDAMPINGAN DAN BANTUAN AKSES MODAL TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PENGOLAHAN IKAN ASIN DI KELURAHAN HAJORAN KABUPATEN TAPANULI TENGAH
Authors: Simanjuntak Friska Gebriella , Sihombing Risna Uli , Aritonang Sari Mutiara , Lumban Batu Devolina , Hutagalung Sri Ulina Wesly 
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the Effect of Assistance and Access to Capital on the Development of Salted Fish Processing Business in Hajoran Village, Central Tapanuli Regency, using a quantitative approach. The object of research is the Salted Fish Business Processing Society in Hajora Village, totaling 97 people, using primary and secondary data through a Likert scale questionnaire. The research data is processed through validity test, reliability test, multiple regression and hypothesis testing through partial test and simultaneous test. Based on the results of the validity and reliability tests, the variables of Assistance (X1), Access to Capital (X2) and Business Development (Y) can be concluded as valid and reliable based on the testing criteria of rcount > rtable and cronbach alpha > 0.6 of all indicators for each variable.
Based on the ttable testing criteria, the resulting tcount value for the Development variable (X1) = 2.667 > ttable (α = 0.05/2; n-k-1) = 1.985. It means that the Assistance variable (X1) has a positive effect on the Business Development variable. Based on the ttable test criteria, the resulting tcount value for the Capital Access variable (X2) = 2.610 > ttable (α = 0.05/2; n-k-1) = 1.985. This means that the variable Access to Capital (X2) has a positive effect on Business Development. Based on Table 4.17, the Fcount value is 13.528 > Ftable (α = k; n-k) = 3.12 with F sig. 0.000 where F sig. 0.000 <0.05 then H0 is rejected. It can be interpreted that Assistance (X1) and Access to Capital (X2) have a positive and significant simultaneous effect on Business Development Decisions (Y).
PENGARUH INOVASI PRODUK, KUALITAS PRODUK DAN KESESUAIAN HARGA TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN PADA MAHASISWI PENGGUNA HAIR CARE MAKARIZO DI UNIVERSITAS HKBP NOMMENSEN MEDAN
Authors: Sihombing Natalia E , Gultom Counsita Octavia 
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of product innovation, product quality and price conformity on consumer loyalty to students using Makarizo Hair Care at HKBP Nommensen University, Medan, either partially or simultaneously. The type of research used is a quantitative approach, with a sample of 95 respondents. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The data analysis method used is an instrument test consisting of validity and reliability tests, classical assumption test consisting of normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression analysis test and hypothesis testing consisting of t-test, F-test and coefficient of determination (R2).
The results showed that Product Innovation had a positive and significant effect on Consumer Loyalty, this was indicated by the value of tcount (3.723) > ttable (1.986) and a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. Product quality has a positive and significant effect on Consumer Loyalty, this is indicated by the value of tcount (3.579) > ttable (1.986) and a significant value of 0.001 <0.05. Price Conformity has a positive and significant effect on Consumer Loyalty, this is indicated by the value of tcount (4.091) > ttable (1.986) and a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. Simultaneously it was found that Product Innovation, Product Quality and Price Conformity had a positive and significant effect on Consumer Loyalty, this was indicated by the value of Fcount (15.155) > Ftable (3.10) and a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. The coefficient of determination is 0.333, meaning that the variable Consumer Loyalty can be explained by Product Innovation, Product Quality and Price Conformity, which can be explained by 33.3%. While the remaining 66.7% is explained by other variables not explained in this study. It is recommended that Makarizo product innovation and quality be improved but still pay attention to price suitability.
RELACIÓN DE LA CIRCUNFERENCIA ABDOMINAL CON EL GRADO DE OBESIDAD Y DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2, EN POBLADORES DE LA LOCALIDAD DE COROICO, GESTIÓN 2014
Authors: Torrez Nelson , Silva Miguel , Monzón Frank , Romero Lorena , Claros Simón , Manguia Marco 
Published: April 2023

Una de las epidemias en Latinoamérica es la obesidad, conjuntamente con la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 y la hipertensión arterial, que conforman el Síndrome Metabólico, asociado a una serie de alteraciones dislipidémicas. La obesidad posee diferente comportamiento cuando está asociada a acumulación de grasa en la región intraabdominal, incrementando el riesgo para desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares, traduciendo la medición de la circunferencia abdominal como indicador indirecto para su identificación.
Este trabajo de investigación fue de tipo descriptivo y transversal, en el marco del proyecto "Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la diabetes en la población de Coroico, 2014"; con el objetivo de determinar la relación existente entre valores de circunferencia abdominal elevados, obesidad y diabetes utilizando esta medida.
La muestra total fue de 404 personas. La población femenina fue de 196 (48,51 %), de las cuales 129 (65,81%) presentaron circunferencia abdominal >88 cm. En relación a la población masculina que estuvo compuesta por 208 individuos, de los cuales 22 (10,57%) presentaron circunferencia abdominal >102 cm; en este grupo se identificaron 14 personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, 64,18% en varones y 35,82% en mujeres.
Los resultados mostraron que la obesidad abdominal en varones representa un indicador de concomitancia y comorbilidad con la DM2 e hipertensión arterial, los cuales en conjunto elevan el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Metode Al-Bidayah Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Reseptif Bahasa Arab: Qiraah
Authors: Renaldi Frisna Septian , Mufidah Luk-Luk Nur , Nurhayati Anin 
Published: April 2023

Methods are regular means used to carry out a job. The method has a purpose so that the material to be delivered can be received by students well. The choice of learning methods must be adjusted to the needs of students, because improper learning methods will cause the learning process to take place less effectively and learning objectives cannot be carried out optimally. The al-bidayah method is one of the methods in Arabic language learning that is considered effective for learning students' maharah qiraah. Using a qualitative library research approach, this article reviews the complex al-bidayah method and its role in increasing reseptive. Abillities in the form of maharah qiraah. Reseachers obtained data by reading, writing and analyzing the conntents pf the manual for the al-bidayah method and using it as a primary research data source. The results showed that al-bidayah method is an applicable method used for reseptive learning of arabic. This is because al-bidayah method has a systematic arragement of chapters and sub-chapters. The role of the al-bidayah method in improving students’ reseptive abilities is in the aspects of nahwu and sharf.
Ecological Aspects and Applications of Starch
Authors: Šárka Evžen , Caltová Kristýna , Smrčková Petra , Bleha Roman , Marek Ivo , Fíla Vlastimil , Lhotka Miloslav 
Published: April 2023

The article characterizes starch as an important raw material for various technologies. The properties of native starches (e.g. solubility, rheological properties or retrogradation) are not suitable for the given purpose in some cases and are therefore modified – physically, chemically or biochemically. The use of derivatives modified in such a way in food production, as well as for their technical use is indicated. The so-called "clean-label" starches represent a relatively new group, not marked with the E index in food (they are not chemically modified). Their advantage lies in that they respect the environment, not producing chemical by-products. However, their application by manufacturers requires caution to avoid excessive energy consumption and the resulting production costs. In the article, the main attention is paid to the ecological use of native and modified starch – for the production of biogas, bioethanol, biobutanol, as a flocculant, as a part of photocatalytic surfaces, formulation of biodegradable plastics and as an adsorbent. In addition to the literature review, examples of the research in this area at the Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals at the University of Chemistry and Technology are given.
Op zoek naar Caribisch gewoonterecht
Authors: Klik P. 
Published: April 2023

Op zoek naar Caribisch gewoonterecht
De beschouwingen in dit artikel zijn toegesneden op het vermogensrecht. Jurisprudentie van het Gemeenschappelijk Hof en de gerechten in eerste aanleg waarin de term ‘gewoonterecht’ werd gehanteerd wordt besproken. Thema’s die aan de orde komen zijn ‘eigendom’ en ‘beheer van publieke ruimte en toegang daartoe’. De situatie rond ‘huurgrond’ wordt ook behandeld. Verder is er kort aandacht voor de vraag in hoeverre via doorwerking in open normen gewoonte(recht) wordt gearticuleerd. De resultaten van de zoektocht naar Caribische voorbeelden van gewoonterecht zijn mager. De auteur houdt zich aanbevolen voor andere voorbeelden.
Arubaanse beslissing over de voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling
Authors: Pesselse G. 
Published: April 2023

Arubaanse beslissing over de voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling
In de onderhavige beslissing wordt de overweging over overeenkomstige advisering herhaald en aangevuld met de regel dat ook in de situatie dat het CCR geen advies heeft gegeven ten aanzien van de voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling van een gedetineerde, de minister, gelet op het bepaalde in artikel 1:35 lid 1 ASr, niet de bevoegdheid heeft de voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling uit te stellen.
Análise comparativa de produtividade e características agronômicas de híbridos de milho (Zea mays L.) Destinados à produção de silagem
Authors: Scrobot Giovana , Silvestrin Aline Roberta de Carvalho , Ribaski Nayara Guetten 
Published: April 2023

O milho é uma das plantas mais cultivadas no mundo e possui papel fundamental na economia brasileira. O cereal é extensivamente utilizado para alimentação humana ou animal, devido às suas qualidades nutricionais. O milho é conhecido como a cultura de maior expressão para ensilagem no Brasil, em função das suas características qualitativas e quantitativas, além da boa aceitação por bovinos, bubalinos, caprinos e ovinos, tanto para a produção de leite, quanto para ganhos de peso satisfatórios em animais de corte. Para uma produção adequada de silagem é fundamental a recomendação de cultivares com melhor qualidade nutricional e potencial produtivo, adaptadas para a região de cultivo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar parâmetros produtivos e agronômicos de diferentes cultivares de milho destinados à produção de silagem. O estudo foi composto pelas cultivares AS 1757, AG 9025, BM 3051, BM 3063 E BM 3066. Foram mensuradas as seguintes características agronômicas: altura das plantas (m), quantidade de espigas por planta, peso do colmo (g), peso da espiga (g), peso da palha (g) e peso da folha (g), peso total por planta (g) e produtividade em massa fresca por área. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de médias e análise variância pelo Teste de Tukey a 5 %. Todos os parâmetros testados apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre as diferentes cultivares. Considerando altura média os tratamentos BM 3063 (3,45 m), BM 3066 (3,32m) e BM 3051 (3,26m) apresentaram médias superiores em relação aos demais cultivares. O peso seco da espiga foi maior nos híbridos AS1757, AG9025 e BM 3051. Considerando o peso da folha, as cultivares testadas não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si. A maior produtividade de silagem foi obtida pela cultivar BM 3063, com 130.215,00 kg/ha, sendo estatisticamente superior ao híbrido BM 3066 com 95.273,00 kg/ha. Conclui-se que entre as cultivares de milho avaliadas, as mais indicadas para a produção de silagem na região de Fazenda Rio Grande (PR), considerando sua boa produtividade e composição morfológica foram BM 3063 PRO2 e AG 9025 PRO3.
ANÁLISIS DE LOS SISTEMAS DE CERTIFICACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SU APLICABILIDAD EN ECUADOR
Authors: Guillén Mendoza María Verónica , Cedeño Duplaa María José , Vinces Obando María Belén 
Published: April 2023

Las certificaciones ambientales son condiciones que permiten realizar obras de construcción, implementando así estrategias que aseguren procesos mas limpios para la mejora o conservación del medio ambiente. A través de un trabajo analítico y comparativo, este trabajo identificará las similitudes y diferencias entre los sistemas descubiertos y así poder determinar si se corresponden con la realidad actual del Ecuador, un país que cuenta con grandes diferencias socioculturales en cada una de las cuatro regiones geográficas. En el caso de nuestro país, Ecuador… como en casi todos los países en vías de desarrollo, la construcción de obras civiles tiene un gran impacto en el medio ambiente. Desde pequeñas casas hasta grandes proyectos, alteran el medio ambiente con consecuencias para todos. El tiempo relativamente corto que lleva implementar las normas para garantizar que la construcción sea respetuosa con el medio ambiente indica que todas las etapas de un proyecto, vivienda, edificio, carretera, hidráulica o de otro tipo, se ven desde una perspectiva ambiental racional. Los resultados muestran que las certificaciones ambientales emitidos por el Ministerio del Ambiente ecuatoriano son Green Point y carbono neutral y muestran que un gran porcentaje de las empresas ecuatorianas aún no cuentan con estos certificados, siendo esta una razón por la cual aún no se cuenta con ellos. tener las habilidades que se aplican a estas certificaciones. Se dice que las certificaciones ambientales ayudan a las empresas a aumentar su competitividad a través del beneficio económico y aumentar los ingresos, mejorar la imagen de la empresa, reducir la generación de residuos y atraer nuevos clientes.
Impacto del decúbito prono en pacientes con COVID-19 grave en un hospital de agudos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.
Authors: Carnero Echegaray Joaquin , Maldonado Sabina , Pellicioni Mercedes , Ossemani Santiago , Maddonni Paola 
Published: April 2023

Resumen
Introducción: El decúbito prono (DP) fue la estrategia más utilizada en paciente con COVID-19 e hipoxemia refractaria. Nuestro objetivo fue describir las características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con Covid-19 grave que requirieron este procedimiento. Evaluar la relación entre factores de riesgo y mortalidad.
Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo observacional. Se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 18 años con COVID-19 bajo asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM) que requirieron DP. Se efectuó seguimiento durante 28 días. Se registraron las complicaciones asociadas al DP. Se analizaron factores asociados a la mortalidad utilizando regresión de Cox.
Resultados: Se realizó DP en 28 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 52.43 años y una mediana de Score de Charlson de 1 [0.00, 2.00]. La mediana de días de ARM fue de 17.00 [RIQ 13.00, 23.00] y un 28,6% logró ser extubado. La mediana de días en UTI fue de 19.50 [RIQ 14.00, 23.50] con una mortalidad del 53,6%. El 35,7% necesito 2 ciclos de DP con una duración predominante de 24-36 hs. El 89,4% tuvo lesiones de UPP. Los que fallecieron tuvieron menos días de UTI (16 vs 28; p=0,006) y solo uno de ellos había logrado ser extubado (1 vs 7, p= 0.011). No se encontraron factores asociados a la mortalidad en la regresión de Cox.
Conclusión: La población estudiada resultó predominantemente masculina y de edad promedio cercana a la quinta década de vida, con una mortalidad aproximada al 50%. No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre factores de riesgo y mortalidad.
COVID-19: presentación clínica inicial y su correlación con la gravedad de la enfermedad
Authors: Freire Chavez Jorge , Cordovilla Zamora Monica J. , Solís Aramayo Marco A. , Quadrelli Silvia 
Published: April 2023

Los pacientes con COVID-19 tienen un amplio espectro de presentación clínica y las tasas de mortalidad en los casos graves son relativamente altas. La identificación temprana de los factores de riesgo que se relacionan con la gravedad de la enfermedad es de vital importancia.

Con el objetivo de correlacionar los síntomas iniciales de COVID-19 con la gravedad de la enfermedad, se realizó el presente estudio de cohorte transversal retrospectivo y observacional de 413 pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 entre enero y marzo 2021. De todos los síntomas iniciales estudiados, la disnea (p <001), fiebre (p 0.001), tos (p 0.002), odinofagia (p 0.01), cefalea (p 0.01) y síntomas gastrointestinales (p 0.03), se asociaron con el desarrollo de una enfermedad grave. Las comorbilidades que se asociaron con peor pronóstico fueron: hipertensión arterial (p <0.001), obesidad (p <0.001), EPOC (p <0.001), ex tabaquismo (p <0.001), diabetes (p 0.01), enfermedad cardiovascular previa (p 0.03), y enfermedad oncológica activa (p 0.04).

En conclusión, los pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19, cuya manifestación inicial es disnea, fiebre, tos, odinofagia, cefalea y síntomas gastrointestinales, deben ser monitoreados de cerca para prevenir el deterioro de la enfermedad.