bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAAMmf: genetic algorithm with aggressive mutation and decreasing feature set for feature selection
Authors: Izabela Rejer , Krzysztof Lorenz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a modified version of a genetic algorithm with aggressive mutation (GAAM), one of the genetic algorithms (GAs) used for feature selection. The modification proposed in this study expands the original GAAM’s capabilities by allowing not only feature selection but also feature reduction. To obtain this effect, we applied the concept of ranks used in the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) and the concept of penalty term used in the Holland genetic algorithm. With those two concepts, we managed to balance the importance of two competing criteria in the GAAM fitness function: classification accuracy and the feature subset’s size. To assess the algorithm’s effectiveness, we evaluated it on eleven datasets with different characteristics and compared the results with eight reference methods: GAAM, Melting GAAM, Holland GA with a penalty term, NSGA-II, Correlation-based Feature Selection, Lasso, Sequential Forward Selection, and IniPG (an algorithm for particle swarm optimisation). The main conclusion drawn from this study is that the genetic algorithm with aggressive mutation and decreasing feature set (GAAMmf) introduced in this paper returned feature sets with a significantly smaller number of features than almost all reference methods. Furthermore, GAAMmf outperformed most of the methods in terms of classification accuracy (except the original GAAM). In contrast to Holland GA and NSGA-II, GAAMmf was able to perform the feature reduction task for all datasets, regardless of the initial number of features.
Intraspecific trait variability is relevant in assessing differences in functional composition between native and alien aquatic plant communities
Authors: Koleszár Gergő , Szabó Sándor , Kékedi Levente , Löki Viktor , Botta-Dukát Zoltán , Lukács Balázs András 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe loss of plant functional diversity associated with biological invasion is a main subject of invasion biology, but still understudied in case of aquatic plants. We calculated functional richness, evenness, divergence and community-weighted mean trait values of aquatic plant communities for 20 plots, half invaded and half non-invaded by alien species, in a thermal effluent of West Hungary. Three traits [specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf area (LA)] were considered to explain how alien species alter ecosystem function. We differentiated interspecific and intraspecific trait variation and investigate its effect on the community-level functional diversity. We found that alien species invasion causes significant changes in the functional composition of aquatic plants whereby alien species become able to absorb light more efficiently, which will directly enhance their increased biomass production. Our study highlights the importance of local adaptation, showing that calculating functional diversity with global pooling of trait measurements causes significant over- or underestimation of functional diversity indices. Consequently, this can potentially result in erroneous conclusions regarding the impact of invasion.
Effect of cell size on the response to solution and aging heat treatments of open-cell Al-4.5Cu (wt.%) foams
Authors: Azamar Manuel F. , Hernández Brenda J. , Figueroa Ignacio A. , Hernández Ricardo , González Gonzalo , Novelo-Peralta Omar , Alfonso Ismeli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOpen-cell Al-4.5Cu (wt.%) foams were produced by the replication casting technique in cell sizes of 2.00–2.38 and 3.35–4.75 mm. The fabricated foams were subjected to solution and aging treatments to assess the effect of such heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the foams as a function of cell size. Solution and aging heat treatments were carried out at 535 °C for 5.5 h and 170 °C for 8 h, respectively. The porosity and relative density of all produced samples were estimated by He pycnometer. In addition, the average cell wall thickness was assessed by image analysis to correlate this variable with the response to heat treatments of the material. The microstructural evolution of the heat-treated samples was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical characterization of the studied samples was carried out using uniaxial compression tests and microhardness tests. It was found that the foams did present different responses to both solution and aging treatments as a function of cell size, attributing these outcomes to the cell wall thickness variations, which presumably conditioned the cooling rates after heat treatments, thereby influencing the resulting microstructures and precipitation of Al-Cu second phases.

Graphical abstract
Sustainable and photoresponse triboelectric nanogenerators based on 2D-gC3N4 and agricultural wastes
Authors: Kheirabadi Noushin Raeisi , Karimzadeh Fathallah , Enayati Mohammad Hossein , Kalali Ehsan Naderi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo bio-friendly and photoactive triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are introduced, employing sustainable and biocompatible materials as functional components. The TENGs utilize corn husk and coconut coir fibers as the positive layers and incorporate two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets as negative layers. Upon simple biomechanical forces, the optimized devices fabricated from corn husk and coconut fibers produce a maximum output voltage of 630 V and 581 V, respectively. Under short-circuit conditions, the measured current was approximately 0.79 mA for corn husk-TENG and 11.47 mA for coconut fibers-TENG. Also, the maximum output power of 131 mW and 1980 mW were achieved over a 2 × 2 cm2 area of corn husk-TENG and coconut fibers-TENG. The TENGs were also tested under blue commercial lights and UV light, and an increase of approximately 1.5 times was observed in the output voltages of both TENGs under UV light. These g-C3N4-based TENGs perform superior under UV illumination and can be used as nanogenerators and active photosensors. This paper proposes two eco-environmentally friendly and robust electronic devices for energy harvesting and photo-sensing applications based on two agricultural wastes, corn husk, and coconut coir fibers.
A comparison of ZnO nanowires grown using hexamethylenetetramine and ammonium hydroxide on Al:ZnO nanoparticle seed layer
Authors: Matheson Ewan D. , Qu Yongtao , Kartopu Giray , Etherington Marc K. , Zoppi Guillaume , Barrioz Vincent , Beattie Neil S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractZnO is a low-cost material which can be easily manipulated into different morphologies using hydrothermal synthesis. In this study, ZnO nanowires are grown using hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and ammonium hydroxide as bases for the hydrothermal method. The growth time and temperature are varied and the nanowires are characterised structurally and optically. Electron microscopy images of the nanowires show that ammonium hydroxide forms pointed tips whereas HMTA forms flat tips. This is attributed to the chelating properties of HMTA. X-ray diffraction patterns show strong c-axis preferred orientation exhibited by ammonium hydroxide grown nanowires with large variability in crystallinity, whereas HMTA produced nanowires that show random orientation. The optical band gap is observed to decrease with solution temperature for both types of bases, however surface oxygen vacancy defects are observed in photoluminescence measurements of the ammonium hydroxide grown nanowires.
The Overlaps between Intergenerational (Dis)Continuity of Child Protection Services Involvement and Mental Illness Diagnoses from Hospital Admissions
Authors: McKenzie Emma F. , Thompson Carleen M. , Tzoumakis Stacy , Ogilvie James , Hurren Emily , Stewart Anna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the relationship between mental illness diagnoses and four intergenerational patterns of child protection services involvement: cycle breakers, cycle maintainers, cycle initiators, and a comparison group (no maltreatment). Existing research is limited and inconsistent, and rarely incorporates multiple categories of mental illness or considers variation between mental illnesses.

Methods
Data were drawn from an administrative population-based data repository in Queensland, Australia and includes 32,494 individuals identified as biological parents. Child protection data were obtained from the Department of Children, Youth Justice and Multicultural Affairs and mental illness diagnoses were obtained from Queensland Health hospital admissions. Any mental illness diagnosis, age at onset (adolescence or adulthood), and diagnosis types (common, severe, personality disorders, childhood-onset, adolescent- and adult-onset, and substance use) were examined. Multinomial and logistic regressions were conducted to investigate whether the mental illness diagnosis variables distinguished the four intergenerational patterns of child protection service involvement.

Results
Overall, 10.4% of individuals had at least one hospital admission involving a mental illness diagnosis. The prevalence of mental illness diagnoses significantly differed across the intergenerational patterns. Cycle maintainers and cycle initiators received the highest rates of diagnoses (50% and 38.8%, respectively), compared to cycle breakers (21.1%) and the comparison group (7.7%).

Conclusions
Our findings underline the need for early access to mental health supports for families involved with the child protection system, which could help prevent the cycle of maltreatment.
Spectrum of Lévy–Khintchine Random Laplacian Matrices
Authors: Campbell Andrew , O’Rourke Sean 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe consider the spectrum of random Laplacian matrices of the form $$L_n=A_n-D_n$$

L
n

=

A
n

-

D
n

where $$A_n$$

A
n

is a real symmetric random matrix and $$D_n$$

D
n

is a diagonal matrix whose entries are equal to the corresponding row sums of $$A_n$$

A
n

. If $$A_n$$

A
n

is a Wigner matrix with entries in the domain of attraction of a Gaussian distribution, the empirical spectral measure of $$L_n$$

L
n

is known to converge to the free convolution of a semicircle distribution and a standard real Gaussian distribution. We consider real symmetric random matrices $$A_n$$

A
n

with independent entries (up to symmetry) whose row sums converge to a purely non-Gaussian infinitely divisible distribution, which fall into the class of Lévy–Khintchine random matrices first introduced by Jung [Trans Am Math Soc, 370, (2018)]. Our main result shows that the empirical spectral measure of $$L_n$$

L
n

converges almost surely to a deterministic limit. A key step in the proof is to use the purely non-Gaussian nature of the row sums to build a random operator to which $$L_n$$

L
n

converges in an appropriate sense. This operator leads to a recursive distributional equation uniquely describing the Stieltjes transform of the limiting empirical spectral measure.
Smooth multi-patch scaled boundary isogeometric analysis for Kirchhoff–Love shells
Authors: Reichle Mathias , Arf Jeremias , Simeon Bernd , Klinkel Sven 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, a linear Kirchhoff–Love shell formulation in the framework of scaled boundary isogeometric analysis is presented that aims to provide a simple approach to trimming for NURBS-based shell analysis. To obtain a global $$C^1$$

C
1

-regular test function space for the shell discretization, an inter-patch coupling is applied with adjusted basis functions in the vicinity of the scaling center to ensure the approximation ability. Doing so, the scaled boundary geometries are related to the concept of analysis-suitable $$G^1$$

G
1

parametrizations. This yields a coupling of patch boundaries in a strong sense that is restricted to $$G^1$$

G
1

-smooth surfaces. The proposed approach is advantageous to trimmed geometries due to the incorporation of the trimming curve in the boundary representation that provides an exact representation in the planar domain. Since the coupling of star-shaped blocks is feasible, a mesh generation also for complex domains is implementable. The potential of the approach is demonstrated by several problems of untrimmed and trimmed geometries of Kirchhoff–Love shell analysis evaluated against error norms and displacements. Lastly, the applicability is highlighted in the analysis of a violin structure including arbitrarily shaped patches.
A deep-learning framework running on edge devices for handgun and knife detection from indoor video-surveillance cameras
Authors: Berardini Daniele , Migliorelli Lucia , Galdelli Alessandro , Frontoni Emanuele , Mancini Adriano , Moccia Sara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe early detection of handguns and knives from surveillance videos is crucial to enhance people’s safety. Despite the increasing development of Deep Learning (DL) methods for general object detection, weapon detection from surveillance videos still presents open challenges. Among these, the most significant are: (i) the very small size of the weapons with respect to the camera field of view and (ii) the need of a real-time feedback, even when using low-cost edge devices for computation. Complex and recently-developed DL architectures could mitigate the former challenge but do not satisfy the latter one. To tackle such limitation, the proposed work addresses the weapon-detection task from an edge perspective. A double-step DL approach was developed and evaluated against other state-of-the-art methods on a custom indoor surveillance dataset. The approach is based on a first Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for people detection which guides a second CNN to identify handguns and knives. To evaluate the performance in a real-world indoor environment, the approach was deployed on a NVIDIA Jetson Nano edge device which was connected to an IP camera. The system achieved near real-time performance without relying on expensive hardware. The results in terms of both COCO Average Precision (AP = 79.30) and Frames per Second (FPS = 5.10) on the low-power NVIDIA Jetson Nano pointed out the goodness of the proposed approach compared with the others, encouraging the spread of automated video surveillance systems affordable to everyone.
Quantitative evaluation of flood damage methodologies under a portfolio of adaptation scenarios
Authors: Boulange Julien , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Tanoue Masahiro , Yamada Toshinori 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFlood risk is anticipated to increase, driven by climate change and socioeconomic development. Flood impact assessments rely heavily on models, and understanding the effects of uncertainties encompassed in the modelling chain is critical to adequately interpret flood risk and the development of effective flood adaptation measures. Previous research has focused on the effects of processes embedded in models, and flood frequency analysis of flood risk. However, no study has yet evaluated the cascading effects of flood damage assessment methodologies on uncertainty in the estimation of expected annual damage (EAD), optimal flood protection, and residual flood damage (RFD). Here, using an updated global river and inundation model forced by the latest climate data and employing a standard flood methodology, we found that global EAD will increase by $16.2 (USD throughout) and $44.5 billion yr−1 during 2020–2100 under low- and high-emissions scenarios, respectively. During the same period, despite the adoption of optimal levels of flood protections, global total RFD remained high under both low- and high-emissions scenarios, at $25.8 and $36.2 billion yr−1, respectively. Our results demonstrate that, under current levels of flood protection, EAD will approximately double with a switch in methodology. Aggregating data at the regional scale revealed conflicting trends between methodologies for developing and high-income countries, driven by existing levels of flood protection as well as the intensity, evolution, and distribution of gross domestic product at the administrative unit scale. Flood damage methodology is the dominant source of uncertainty, followed by unit construction cost and discount rate.
Impact of the Economic Crisis on Body Mass Index in Spain: An Intersectional Multilevel Analysis Using a Socioeconomic and Regional Perspective
Authors: Hernández-Yumar Aránzazu , Wemrell Maria , Abásolo-Alessón Ignacio , González López-Valcárcel Beatriz , Merlo Juan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Great Recession hit Spain deteriorating the living conditions of many Spanish people, increasing the prevalence of several chronic health issues, including obesity, and affecting health inequalities. We analyse the impact of this economic crisis on body mass index (BMI) disparities in Spain, from two perspectives: the socioeconomic and the territorial, through the application of an intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy. We use data from the Spanish National Health Surveys of 2006/2007, 2011/2012 and 2016/2017 to build multilevel linear regression models and estimate BMI averages and components of variance. We find a greater increase in the overall average BMI and a widening of the socioeconomic disparities during the hardest years of the crisis. However, these differences decreased when the economic situation in the country began to improve. Both socioeconomic and geographical information contribute to mapping the distribution of BMI in the population. However, according to the ICC values, considering the regional perspective provides a better understanding of the distribution of the BMI, during the period of economic crisis, in the Spanish population. Therefore, regional policies can play an important role in counteracting obesity in times of crisis.
In vivo sensing to monitor tomato plants in field conditions and optimize crop water management
Authors: Vurro Filippo , Manfredi Riccardo , Bettelli Manuele , Bocci Gionata , Cologni Alberto Luigi , Cornali Sandro , Reggiani Roberto , Marchetti Edoardo , Coppedè Nicola , Caselli Stefano , Zappettini Andrea , Janni Michela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIrrigation is key to increasing crop yield and meeting the global demand for food. This study reports the assessment of tomato water consumption by bioristor, a new in vivo an Organic ElectroChemical Transistor-based biosensor. Bioristor enables direct, real-time acquisition of biophysical information about the plant’s water requirements directly from the plant sap, and thus the water input can be adjusted accordingly.The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of bioristor in rapidly detecting changes in the plant’s water status enhancing water use and irrigation efficiency in tomato cultivation with significant savings in the water supply. To this end, experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2020 in Parma (Italy) in tomato fields under different water regimes. The sensor response index (R) produced by bioristor recorded the real time plant health status, highlighting an excess in the water supplied as well as the occurrence of drought stress during the growing season. In both years, bioristor showed that the amount of water supplied could have been reduced by 36% or more. Bioristor also measured the timing and duration of leaf wetting: 438 h and 409 h in 2018 and 2020, respectively. These results open up new perspectives in irrigation efficiency and in more sustainable approaches to pesticide application procedures.
A Comparative Investigation of Gender Terminology in the Egyptian and Tunisian Constitutions
Authors: El-Farahaty Hanem 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGendered language is becoming a matter of serious concern for legal drafters and policymakers because 'it is always changing as societal views change' (The University of Calgary: Office of diversity, equity and protected disclosure 2017:1). Many western countries have made considerable progress towards using inclusive legal language. However, inclusive language is not implemented in other parts of the World; the Arab World is no exception. This may be due to the violation of language rules, the decline of language, and the lack of enough evidence that changing the language will change society (Brown in ABA J, 2019) and (Brown in ABA J: 24–26, 2018). In this paper, I explore the challenging socio-cultural and linguistic factors that may hinder the implementation of gender-inclusive language in Arabic and explain the current situation in two current constitutions of Egypt and Tunisia in particular. The main aim of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of terminology representing gender in the Egyptian (2014, amended 2019) and Tunisian (2014) Arabic-English Constitutions using corpus-based tools. The analysis shows inconsistent attempts at a more inclusive source text through using neutral terms and adding inclusive pre-modifiers to these terms. It also shows inconsistent translation of gender-specific terminology and pronominal references. Both constitutions explicitly stress the ‘eradication of violence against women’ and express parity between ‘women’ and ‘men’ in terms of ‘equal rights’ and ‘appropriate political representation’ (e.g. in the Egyptian House of Representatives (28%) and the Tunisian Assembly of People’s Representatives (26%)) (International Institute of Democracy and Electoral Assistance, IDEA 2021). Although these percentages are not far away from the representation of women in European countries such as the United Kingdom (35%) (International Institute of Democracy and Electoral Assistance, IDEA 2021), it is the reality of women’s actual roles, change they initiate and their impact in the society that counts.
Monitoring and modelling the glutamine metabolic pathway: a review and future perspectives
Authors: Mirveis Zohreh , Howe Orla , Cahill Paul , Patil Nitin , Byrne Hugh J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Analysis of the glutamine metabolic pathway has taken a special place in metabolomics research in recent years, given its important role in cell biosynthesis and bioenergetics across several disorders, especially in cancer cell survival. The science of metabolomics addresses the intricate intracellular metabolic network by exploring and understanding how cells function and respond to external or internal perturbations to identify potential therapeutic targets. However, despite recent advances in metabolomics, monitoring the kinetics of a metabolic pathway in a living cell in situ, real-time and holistically remains a significant challenge.

Aim
This review paper explores the range of analytical approaches for monitoring metabolic pathways, as well as physicochemical modeling techniques, with a focus on glutamine metabolism. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method and explore the potential of label-free Raman microspectroscopy, in conjunction with kinetic modeling, to enable real-time and in situ monitoring of the cellular kinetics of the glutamine metabolic pathway.

Key scientific concepts
Given its important role in cell metabolism, the ability to monitor and model the glutamine metabolic pathways are highlighted. Novel, label free approaches have the potential to revolutionise metabolic biosensing, laying the foundation for a new paradigm in metabolomics research and addressing the challenges in monitoring metabolic pathways in living cells.