bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The exploration of hot and dense nuclear matter: introduction to relativistic heavy-ion physics
Authors: Elfner Hannah , Müller Berndt 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article summarizes our present knowledge about nuclear matter at the highest energy densities and its formation in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We review what is known about the structure and properties of the quark-gluon plasma and survey the observables that are used to glean information about it from experimental data.
Experimental evaluation of damping models for a nonlinear pendulum system
Authors: Dao Duc Long 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Popular damping models for a single pendulum system were experimentally evaluated in this study. The comparison between the numerical and experimental responses showed that neither linear viscous damping model nor squared velocity proportional viscous damping model was able to well capture the free vibration amplitudes of the pendulum in both large and small amplitude ranges. Specifically, the amplitudes of the numerical model with linear viscous damping decreased slower at the large amplitude vibration but faster at the small amplitude vibration than the experimental amplitudes did. The trend was reverse in the numerical model with the squared velocity proportional viscous damping model. Based on the experimental data and a numerical method combined with a fitting approach, a complete quadratic viscous damping model for the pendulum was derived. The model was able to confidently predict the free vibration amplitudes of the pendulum in both large and small amplitude ranges. This study provides analysts with the sense of the accuracy of some popular damping models for a nonlinear pendulum system. It also demonstrates the use of a fitting approach to retrieve physical properties of a system from experimental data. The contents of this paper are suitable for gifted high school students and undergraduate students.
Mean dose rate in ultra-high dose rate electron irradiation is a significant predictor for O2 consumption and H2O2 yield
Authors: Sunnerberg Jacob P , Zhang Rongxiao , Gladstone David J , Swartz Harold M , Gui Jiang , Pogue Brian W 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of mean and instantaneous dose rates on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) radiotherapy. The study aimed to determine whether either dose rate type plays a role in driving the FLASH effect, a phenomenon where UHDR radiotherapy reduces damage to normal tissues while maintaining tumor control. Approach. Assays of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and oxygen consumption (ΔpO2) were conducted using UHDR electron irradiation. Aqueous solutions of 4% albumin were utilized as the experimental medium. The study compared the effects of varying mean dose rates and instantaneous dose rates on ROS yields. Instantaneous dose rate was varied by changing the source-to-surface distance (SSD), resulting in instantaneous dose rates ranging from 102 to 106 Gy s−1. Mean dose rate was manipulated by altering the pulse frequency of the linear accelerator (linac) and by changing the SSD, ranging from 0.14 to 1500 Gy s−1. Main results. The study found that both ΔH2O2 and ΔpO2 decreased as the mean dose rate increased. Multivariate analysis indicated that instantaneous dose rates also contributed to this effect. The variation in ΔpO2 was dependent on the initial oxygen concentration in the solution. Based on the analysis of dose rate variation, the study estimated that 7.51 moles of H2O2 were produced for every mole of O2 consumed. Significance. The results highlight the significance of mean dose rate as a predictor of ROS production during UHDR radiotherapy. As the mean dose rate increased, there was a decrease in oxygen consumption and in H2O2 production. These findings have implications for understanding the FLASH effect and its potential optimization. The study sheds light on the role of dose rate parameters and their impact on radiochemical outcomes, contributing to the advancement of UHDR radiotherapy techniques.
LFP-based binder-free electrodes produced via fused filament fabrication
Authors: Ramos-Fajardo José Miguel , Peláez-Tirado Isabel María , Marín-Rueda Juan Ramón , Castro-García Miguel , Canales-Vázquez Jesús , Pérez-Flores Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Carbon coated-LiFePO4 (LFP) is a strong candidate as lithium-ion battery (LiB) cathode due to the combination of safe operation, stable electrochemical performance and positive environmental impact as does not depend on Co, which is toxic and a critical raw material. In this work, we report the development of binder-free LFP cathodes fabricated by fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. Several novel carbon-LFP filaments have been developed to 3D-print LiB cathodes, analysing both the carbon to LFP ratio in the formulation and also the impact of the carbon source used as current collector, i.e. glassy carbon (GC) microspheres or carbon black (CB), in the electrochemical performance. LFP remained stable upon debinding and sintering at temperatures as low as 500 °C as determined by x-ray diffraction. The conductivity of 3D printed LFP monoliths was 2.06 × 10−4 S∙cm−1 at 50 °C, which is fairly close to that of LFP produced via conventional processing. This is mainly attributed to the preservation of the carbon coating around the LFP particles after debinding and sintering under controlled Ar atmospheres. The LFP-based electrodes containing CB or GC microspheres as conductive additives exhibited specific capacities of 150 mAh g−1, and over 95% coulombic efficiency after 100 cycles, showing no significant performance losses. These results largely exceed the performances reported for previous LFP-based electrodes produced via FFF as the non-active binder is removed upon fabrication.
Accelerating variational quantum eigensolver convergence using parameter transfer
Authors: Skogh Mårten , Leinonen Oskar , Lolur Phalgun , Rahm Martin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One impediment to the useful application of variational quantum algorithms in quantum chemistry is slow convergence with large numbers of classical optimization parameters. In this work, we evaluate a quantum computational warm-start approach for potential energy surface calculations. Our approach, which is inspired by conventional computational methods, is evaluated using simulations of the variational quantum eigensolver. Significant speedup is demonstrated relative to calculations that rely on a Hartree–Fock initial state, both for ideal and sampled simulations. The general approach of transferring parameters between similar problems is promising for accelerating current and near-term quantum chemistry calculations on quantum hardware, and is likely applicable beyond the tested algorithm and use case.
Biofabrication strategies with single-cell resolution: a review
Authors: Zhou Dezhi , Dou Bohan , Kroh Florian , Wang Chuqian , Ouyang Liliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The introduction of living cells to manufacturing process has enabled the engineering of complex biological tissues in vitro. The recent advances in biofabrication with extremely high resolution (e.g. at single cell level) have greatly enhanced this capacity and opened new avenues for tissue engineering. In this review, we comprehensively overview the current biofabrication strategies with single-cell resolution and categorize them based on the dimension of the single-cell building blocks, i.e. zero-dimensional single-cell droplets, one-dimensional single-cell filaments and two-dimensional single-cell sheets. We provide an informative introduction to the most recent advances in these approaches (e.g. cell trapping, bioprinting, electrospinning, microfluidics and cell sheets) and further illustrated how they can be used in in vitro tissue modelling and regenerative medicine. We highlight the significance of single-cell-level biofabrication and discuss the challenges and opportunities in the field.
Efficacy of the Modified 5-Item Frailty Index in Predicting Surgical-Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Breast Implant Augmentation: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Project-Based 5-Year Study
Authors: Liu Helen , Akhavan Arya , Yin Raymond , Ibelli Taylor , Mandelbaum Max , Katz Abigail , Etigunta Suhas , Alerte Eric , Kuruvilla Annet , Liu Chuanju , Taub Peter J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The ability to predict breast implant augmentation complications can significantly inform patient management. A frailty measure, such as the modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5), is becoming an increasingly established risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes. The authors hypothesized that the mFI-5 is predictive of 30-day postoperative complications in breast augmentation.

Objectives
To investigate if mFI-5 can predict the likelihood and magnitude of 30-day complications resulting from breast augmentations.

Methods
A retrospective review study of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for patients who underwent breast implant augmentation without other concurrent procedures, from 2015 to 2019. Age, BMI, number of major comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classifications, smoking status, mFI-5 score, and modified Charlson comorbidity index score were compared as predictors of all-cause 30-day complications and 30-day surgical-site complications using regression analyses.

Results
Overall, 2478 patients were analyzed, and among them, 53 patients developed complications (2.14%). mFI-5 score significantly predicted surgical-site infection (SSI) complications (odds ratio [OR] = 4.24, P = .026). Frail patients had a higher occurrence of SSIs than nonfrail patients (P = .049). Multivariable analyses showed ASA class predicted 30-day SSI complications (OR = 5.77, P = .027) and mFI-5 approached, but did not reach full significance in predicting overall 30-day complications (OR = 3.14, P = .085).

Conclusions
To date, the impact of frailty on breast implant procedure outcomes has not been studied. Our analysis demonstrates that the mFI-5 is a significant predictor for SSIs in breast implant augmentation surgery and is associated with overall complications. By preoperatively identifying frail patients, the surgical team can better account for postoperative support to minimize the risk of complications.

Level of Evidence: 4
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: review of updated clinicopathological and imaging characteristics
Authors: Kim Jae Ri , Jang Kee-Taek , Jang Jin-Young 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a relatively rare disease and is known as one of the premalignant lesions in the biliary tract. The concept of IPNB has changed through numerous studies and is still evolving. As a lesser studied clinical entity compared with its pancreatic counterpart, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, IPNB has been described in many similar terms, including biliary papillomatosis, biliary intraductal papillary–mucinous neoplasm, and papillary cholangiocarcinoma. This is based on the diversity of histopathological spectrum of IPNB.

Methods
This review investigated previous studies including original articles, case studies, and expert opinions. Recently, two types of IPNB (types 1 and 2) have been proposed and validated based on the content first established in the WHO 2010 criteria.

Results
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, summarizing the clinical, radiological, morphological, and pathological characteristics of IPNB.

Conclusion
Given the ongoing ambiguity and controversies surrounding IPNB, future research, including large population-based studies and molecular investigations, is essential to enhance understanding of this disease.
Measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in chronic kidney disease: recommendations from a COSMIN systematic review
Authors: MacRae Jennifer M , Harasemiw Oksana , Lightfoot Courtney J , Thompson Stephanie , Wytsma-Fisher Kathryn , Koufaki Pelagia , Bohm Clara , Wilkinson Thomas J 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
There is wide heterogeneity in physical function tests available for clinical and research use, hindering our ability to synthesize evidence. The aim of this review was to identify and evaluate physical function measures that could be recommended for standardized use in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 2022, identifying studies that evaluated a clinimetric property (validity, reliability, measurement error and/or responsiveness) of an objectively measured performance-based physical function outcomes using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) based recommendations. Studies with individuals of all ages and of any stage of CKD were included.

Results
In total, 50 studies with 21 315 participants were included. Clinimetric properties were reported for 22 different physical function tests. The short physical performance battery (SPPB), Timed-up-and-go (TUG) test and Sit-to-stand tests (STS-5 and STS-60) had favorable properties to support their use in CKD and should be integrated into routine use. However, the majority of studies were conducted in the hemodialysis population, and very few provided information regarding validity or reliability.

Conclusion
The SPPB demonstrated the highest quality of evidence for reliability, measurement error and construct validity amongst transplant, CKD and dialysis patients. This review is an important step towards standardizing a core outcome set of tools to measure physical function in research and clinical settings for the CKD population.
Statins for primary prevention in multimorbid patients: to prescribe or not to prescribe? A qualitative analysis of general practitioners’ decision-making processes
Authors: Onaisi Racha , Bezzazi Anaïs , Berthouin Thomas , Boulet Justine , Hasselgard-Rowe Jennifer , Maisonneuve Hubert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
A better understanding of the determinants involved in general practitioners’ (GPs) decision-making processes when it comes to prescribing statins as primary prevention in patients with multimorbidity could provide insights for improving implementation of primary prevention guidelines.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study using a deductive framework-based and inductive analysis of GPs’ semi-structured interviews verbatim, from which expertise profiles of prescribers were also drawn. The analytical framework was built from a pragmatic synthesis of the evidence-based medicine, Modelling using Typified Objects (MOT) model of clinical reasoning processes, Theoretical Domains Framework, and shared decision-making frameworks.

Results
Fifteen GPs were interviewed between June 2019 and January 2020. Diabetes seemed to represent a specific motivation for deciding about statin prescription for primary prevention purposes; and in situations of multimorbidity, GPs differentiated between cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular multimorbidity. Expert prescribers seemed to have integrated the utilisation of cardiovascular risk calculation scores throughout their practice, whereas non-expert prescribers considered them difficult to interpret and preferred using more of a “rule of thumb” process. One interviewee used the risk calculation score as a support for discussing statin prescription with the patient.

Conclusion
Our results shed light on the reasons why statins remain under-prescribed for primary prevention and why non-diabetic multimorbid patients have even lower odds of being prescribed a statin. They call for a change in the use of risk assessment scores, by placing them as decision aids, to support and improve personalised shared decision-making discussions as an efficient approach to improve the implementation of recommendations about statins for primary prevention.
Wood Supply from Family Forests of the United States: Biophysical, Social, and Economic Factors
Authors: Butler Brett J , Sass Emma M 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWood products are an essential provisioning ecosystem service with US forests providing nearly one-fifth of global wood supply. As of 2018, an estimated 46% of the annual wood harvested came from corporate forests, 42% came from family forests, and the remainder came from other private, public, and Tribal forests. The supply of wood from corporate forests is well described by traditional economic models, but the supply from family forests is much less well understood. This article combines data from three components of the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis program—plots, landowner surveys, and mill surveys—with other data to model the wood supply from family forests in the United States. Results are summarized in terms of bivariate relationships and a logistic regression model. The model results show that basal area, stand origin, forest type, having timber as an ownership objective, the amount of annual income derived from their forestland, proximity to a mill, management advice, and region are significantly associated with family forest timber harvesting. The results should be useful for forest industry analysts and others interested in understanding the current and potential future supply of wood from family forests.Study Implications: Family forests provide an estimated 42% of the annual timber harvested in the United States. It is important to understand the factors affecting their harvesting behaviors to design effective policies and programs to ensure a continual supply and sustainable management of this critical resource. This article shows that timber harvesting by family forest owners is influenced by a combination of biophysical, social, and economic factors, including basal area, stand origin, forest type, having timber as an ownership objective, the amount of annual income derived from their forestland, proximity to a mill, management advice, and region. These results suggest that programs aimed at increasing the area covered by planted stands, the area covered by softwood stands, and the number of owners receiving forest management advice may be particularly influential in maintaining and increasing the amount of wood harvested from family forests.
The Well-being Effects of an Old-Age Pension: Experimental Evidence for Ekiti State in Nigeria
Authors: Alzua Maria Laura , Cantet Natalia , Dammert Ana C , Olajide Damilola 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many countries in the developing world have implemented old-age pensions. Evidence of the impact of such policies on the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa, however, is scarce. We provide evidence from a randomised evaluation of an unconditional old-age pension targeted at the elderly in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Our findings show that treated beneficiaries self-report better quality of life and a more stable mental health. We also provide evidence of spillover effects on the labor outcomes of other household members and of household savings patterns as well as support for interventions aimed at improving the welfare of elderly poor citizens and other household members.
Characteristics and therapeutic strategies of brain and cranial radiation-induced sarcoma: analysis of 165 cases from our case experience and comprehensive review
Authors: Onishi Shumpei , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Kinoshita Yasuyuki , Amatya Vishwa J , Takayasu Takeshi , Yonezawa Ushio , Taguchi Akira , Go Yukari , Takeshima Yukio , Horie Nobutaka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is among the neoplasms potentially caused by radiation therapy (RT) for brain tumors. However, the clinical characteristics of and ideal treatment for RIS are unclear. We analysed our case experience and conducted a comprehensive literature review to reveal the characteristics of brain and cranial RIS.

Methods
We analysed 165 cases of RIS from the literature together with the RIS case treated at our institution. In each case, the latency period from irradiation to the development of each RIS and the median overall survival (OS) of the patients was analysed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Spearman’s correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the latency period and radiation dose or age at irradiation.

Results
The mean age at the development of RIS was 39.63 ± 17.84 years. The mean latency period was 11.79 ± 8.09 years. No factors associated with early development of RIS were detected. The median OS was 11 months, with fibrosarcoma showing significantly shorter OS compared with osteosarcoma and other sarcomas (p = 0.0021), and intracranial RIS showing a worse prognosis than extracranial RIS (p &lt; 0.0001). Patients treated with surgery (p &lt; 0.0001) and postoperative chemotherapy (p = 0.0157) for RIS presented significantly longer OS, whereas RT for RIS was not associated with a survival benefit.

Conclusions
Although prognosis for RIS is universally poor, pathological characteristics and locations are associated with worse prognosis. Surgery and chemotherapy may be the ideal treatment strategies for RIS.
Impact of postoperative complications on long-term survival in bladder cancer patients
Authors: Abe Takashige , Yamada Shuhei , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Sazawa Ataru , Katano Hidenori , Suzuki Hidetaka , Takeuchi Ichiro , Minami Keita , Morita Ken , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Takada Norikata , Maru Shintaro , Sato Soshu , Yamashita Takanori , Mochizuki Tango , Akino Tomoshige , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Shinno Yuichiro , Murahashi Norihiro , Kawazu Takafumi , Furumido Jun , Miyata Haruka , Matsumoto Ryuji , Osawa Takahiro , Murai Sachiyo , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
To determine the impact of postoperative complications on long-term survival outcomes in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Methods
This retrospective multi-institutional study included 766 bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 2011 and 2017. Patient characteristics, perioperative outcomes, all complications within 90 days after surgery and survival outcomes were collected. Each complication was graded based on the Clavien-Dindo system, and grouped using a standardized grouping method. The Comprehensive Complication Index, which incorporates all complications into a single formula weighted by their severity, was utilized. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival (local, distant or urothelial recurrences) were stratified by Comprehensive Complication Index (high: ≥26.2; low: &lt;26.2). A multivariate model was utilized to identify independent prognostic factors.

Results
The incidence of any and major complications (≥Clavien-Dindo grade III) was 70 and 24%, respectively. In terms of Comprehensive Complication Index, 34% (261/766) of the patients had ≥26.2. Patients with Comprehensive Complication Index ≥ 26.2 had shorter overall survival (4-year, 59.5 vs. 69.8%, respectively, log-rank test, P = 0.0037) and recurrence free survival (51.9 vs. 60.1%, respectively, P = 0.0234), than those with Comprehensive Complication Index &lt; 26.2. The Cox multivariate model identified the age, performance status, pT-stage, pN-stage and higher CCI (overall survival: HR = 1.35, P = 0.0174, recurrence-free survival: HR = 1.26, P = 0.0443) as independent predictors of both overall survivial and recurrence-free survival.

Conclusions
Postoperative complications assessed by Comprehensive Complication Index had adverse effects on long-term survival outcomes. Physicians should be aware that major postoperative complications can adversely affect long-term disease control.