bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new sponge genus from the Chengjiang biota with an intriguing combination of skeletal characters
Authors: Chen Ailin , Porras Luis , Ma Haidan , Hou Xianguang , Wörheide Gert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of fossil sponge systematics is hindered by factors such as their low anatomical complexity and the low preservation potential of many characters used in the definition of extant sponge clades. Here we describe Calliospongia chunchengia gen. et sp. nov., a new sponge from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang biota, which possesses a unique combination of characters. The skeleton of C. chunchengia is similar to those of leptomitid protomonaxonids in being composed of large spicules arranged longitudinally. However, it is distinct enough to belong in its own genus and even question a leptomitid affinity, because, unlike the members of this group, which usually have two categories of diactine spicules, its skeleton is entirely composed of triactines. The new taxon shares the presence of large megascleres with demosponges, hexactinellids and the ascosponges, suggesting an affinity to the total group of Silicea. It is also reminiscent of the hexactinellid-like reticulosans, showing a potential connection between two major types of Early Palaeozoic sponge body plans. A more accurate definition of the Cambro-Ordovician groups and the creation of a total evidence framework that integrates extinct and extant sponge morphology into the phylogenetic scenario derived from phylogenomics seem to be essential steps for the improvement of our understanding of early sponge evolution.
Bewegungsförderung bei sozial benachteiligten Frauen
Authors: Linder Stephanie , Herbert-Maul Annika , Ziemainz Heiko , Thiel Ansgar , Holle Rolf , Laxy Michael , Pedron Sara , Abu-Omar Karim 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Projekt „Bewegung als Investition in Gesundheit“ (BIG) – ein partizipatives Projekt im kommunalen Setting – wurde 2005 entwickelt, um benachteiligten Frauen den Zugang zu körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität zu erleichtern. Seitdem wurde BIG deutschlandweit auf 17 Kommunen übertragen.

Ziel
Es wird untersucht, ob im BIG-Projekt sozial benachteiligte Frauen erreicht und an Bewegungskurse gebunden werden können. Zudem werden die Angaben der Frauen zu deren Gesundheitszustand und Sporttreiben berichtet. Zuletzt wird geprüft, ob 5 Risikofaktoren einer sozialen Benachteiligung sowie das Sporttreiben mit dem Gesundheitszustand assoziiert sind.

Methode
Quantitative Querschnittsdaten aus 6 Erhebungswellen (2006–2013) zweier Projektstandorte (Erlangen, Regensburg) wurden aggregiert. Zur Analyse der Zielgruppenerreichung wurden die Charakteristika der Teilnehmerinnen (N = 430) mit Bevölkerungsdaten der Standorte verglichen. Zielgruppenerreichung, Kursbindung und Angaben zu Gesundheitszustand und Sporttreiben wurden darüber hinaus deskriptiv analysiert. Der Einfluss der Risikofaktoren und des Sporttreibens wurde durch multivariate Regressionsanalyen untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Von den Teilnehmerinnen wiesen 67 % mindestens einen Risikofaktor auf. Die Frauen nahmen im Mittel 2,4 Jahre an den BIG-Kursen teil. Über 50 % der Frauen berichteten einen verbesserten Gesundheitszustand, über 60 % trieben im Vergleich zu der Zeit vor BIG mehr Sport. Die Anzahl vorliegender Risikofaktoren war mit dem Gesundheitszustand im Vergleich zur Zeit vor BIG (p < 0,001) assoziiert. Mangelnde Deutschkenntnisse zeigten einen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit dem aktuellen Gesundheitszustand.

Schlussfolgerung
Das BIG-Projekt erreicht sozial benachteiligte Frauen. Insbesondere Frauen mit wenig Risikofaktoren berichten positive Veränderung des Gesundheitszustands und Sporttreibens verglichen zur Zeit vor der BIG-Teilnahme. Hier scheinen die Anzahl vorliegender Risikofaktoren, sowie mangelnde Deutschkenntnisse von Bedeutung zu sein.
Investigating Supply and Demand in European Cohesion Policy: Micro-Foundations of Macro-Behaviours
Authors: Cunico Giovanni , Aivazidou Eirini , Mollona Edoardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEuropean Cohesion Policy is a complex scheme that allocates financial resources to European regions. The implementation of the policy is based on an articulated multi-level governance that involves local and national authorities and the European Commission. Local authorities often face difficulties in using structural funds due to limits in their administrative capacity (supply) and/or inefficiencies in adequately stimulating applications’ submission (demand). By modelling and simulating the implementation of the policy, we explore how operations and decisions at the local authorities’ and potential applicants’ level (micro-foundations) explain emerging patterns of funds’ absorption at a regional level (macro-behaviours). Building upon a mixed-methods approach combining field research and computer simulation, we develop a model capturing the key cause–effect relationships among agents and resources within the Cohesion Policy supply-and-demand system. The outcomes elucidate how poor local administrative capabilities, including staff skills, may entail delays and low absorption performances, while showcasing the factors affecting potential applicants’ decision to submit.
Should I stay or should I go? The effect of London’s terrorist attack on the educational choices of Muslims
Authors: Astorga-Rojas Diego 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates how the July 2005 London terrorist attacks affected Muslim teenagers’ education plans and decisions. The attacks triggered a violent backslash against the Muslim community, which could have affected their incentives to continue in full-time education. I examine panel data on educational attitudes from the “Next Steps” Survey in England and use the month the survey was administered to divide individuals into treatment and control groups. I find that the attacks negatively affected the education plans of Muslims, but not those of any other major religious group. The probability of planning to continue in non-compulsory full-time education decreased by around 4.4% points for Muslims after the attacks. This corresponds to a 69% increase in individuals who were not sure whether to continue or drop out of full-time education. However, this change in plans appears to be a temporary reaction, since it did not affect students’ actual decisions two years later.
Infliximab microencapsulation: an innovative approach for intra-articular administration of biologics in the management of rheumatoid arthritis—in vitro evaluation
Authors: Lamela-Gómez Iván , Gonçalves Lídia M. , Almeida António J. , Luzardo-Álvarez Asteria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicroencapsulation of the therapeutical monoclonal antibody infliximab (INF) was investigated as an innovative approach to improve its stability and to achieve formulations with convenient features for intra-articular administration. Ultrasonic atomization (UA), a novel alternative to microencapsulate labile drugs, was compared with the conventional emulsion/evaporation method (Em/Ev) using biodegradable polymers, specifically Polyactive® 1000PEOT70PBT30 [poly(ethylene-oxide-terephthalate)/poly(butylene-terephthalate); PEOT-PBT] and its polymeric blends with poly-(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) RG502 and RG503 (PEOT-PBT:PLGA; 65:35). Six different formulations of spherical core–shell microcapsules were successfully developed and characterized. The UA method achieved a significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (69.7–80.25%) than Em/Ev (17.3–23.0%). Mean particle size, strongly determined by the microencapsulation method and to a lesser extent by polymeric composition, ranged from 26.6 to 49.9 µm for UA and 1.5–2.1 µm for Em/Ev. All formulations demonstrated sustained INF release in vitro for up to 24 days, with release rates modulated by polymeric composition and microencapsulation technique. Both methods preserved INF biological activity, with microencapsulated INF showing higher efficacy than commercial formulations at comparable doses regarding bioactive tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) neutralization according to WEHI-13VAR bioassay. Microparticles’ biocompatibility and extensive internalization by THP-1-derived macrophages was demonstrated. Furthermore, high in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was achieved after treatment of THP-1 cells with INF-loaded microcapsules, significatively reducing in vitro production of TNF-α and interleucine-6 (Il-6).

Graphical Abstract
A Moral Bind? — Autonomous Weapons, Moral Responsibility, and Institutional Reality
Authors: Chomanski Bartlomiej 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn “Accepting Moral Responsibility for the Actions of Autonomous Weapons Systems—a Moral Gambit” (2022), Mariarosaria Taddeo and Alexander Blanchard answer one of the most vexing issues in current ethics of technology: how to close the so-called “responsibility gap”? Their solution is to require that autonomous weapons systems (AWSs) may only be used if there is some human being who accepts the ex ante responsibility for those actions of the AWS that could not have been predicted or intended (in such cases, the human being takes what the authors call the “moral gambit”). The authors then propose several institutional safeguards to implement in order to ensure that the moral gambit is taken in a fair and just way. This paper explores this suggestion in the context of the institutional settings within which AWSs are most likely to be deployed. It raises some concerns as to the feasibility of Taddeo and Blanchard’s proposal, in light of the recent empirical work on the incentive structures likely to exist within militaries. It then presents a potential problem that may arise in case the accountability mechanisms are successfully implemented.
Three Dimensional Printing as a Tool For Anatomical Training in Lung Surgery
Authors: Meershoek Armelle J. A. , Loonen Tom G. J. , Maal Thomas J. J. , Hekma Edo J. , Hugen Niek 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
Pulmonary anatomy is challenging, due to the high variability and its three-dimensional (3D) shape. While demands in thoracic oncologic surgery are increasing, the transition from open to thoracoscopic surgery is hampering anatomical understanding. This study analyzed the value of a 3D printed lung model in understanding and teaching anatomy.

Methods
A 3D pulmonary model was created and tested among different levels of proficiency: 10 experienced surgeons, 10 fellow surgeons and 10 junior residents. They were tested in interpretation of anatomy based on thoracic CT-scans, either using the 3D model or a 2D anatomical atlas. Accuracy of the given answers, time to complete the task and the self-reported level of certainty were scored in each group.

Results
In the experienced surgeons group there was no difference in between the 2D-model or 3D-model with a high rate of correct answers in both groups, and no differences in time or certainty. Fellow surgeons highly benefitted from the 3D-model with an improved accuracy from 26.6% to 70.0% (p = 0.001). Time to complete the task was shorter (207 versus 122 s, p < 0.0001) and participants were more secure (median of 4 versus 3, p = 0.007). For junior residents time to complete the task was shorter, the level of certainty was higher, but there was no improvement in accuracy.

Conclusions
3D printing may benefit in understanding anatomical relations in the complex anatomy of the bronchiopulmonary tree, especially for surgeons in training and could benefit in teaching anatomy.
Efficient federated learning on resource-constrained edge devices based on model pruning
Authors: Wu Tingting , Song Chunhe , Zeng Peng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFederated learning is an effective solution for edge training, but the limited bandwidth and insufficient computing resources of edge devices restrict its deployment. Different from existing methods that only consider communication efficiency such as quantization and sparsification, this paper proposes an efficient federated training framework based on model pruning to simultaneously address the problem of insufficient computing and communication resources. First, the framework dynamically selects neurons or convolution kernels before the global model release, pruning a current optimal subnet and then issues the compressed model to each client for training. Then, we develop a new parameter aggregation update scheme, which provides training opportunities for global model parameters and maintains the complete model structure through model reconstruction and parameter reuse, reducing the error caused by pruning. Finally, extensive experiments show that our proposed framework achieves superior performance on both IID and non-IID datasets, which reduces upstream and downstream communication while maintaining the accuracy of the global model and reducing client computing costs. For example, with accuracy exceeding the baseline, computation is reduced by 72.27% and memory usage is reduced by 72.17% for MNIST/FC; and computation is reduced by 63.39% and memory usage is reduced by 59.78% for CIFAR10/VGG16.
Mechanical responses and acoustic emission behaviors of coal under compressive differential cyclic loading (DCL): a numerical study via 3D heterogeneous particle model
Authors: Song Zhengyang , Wu Yunfeng , Zhang Yong , Yang Yi , Yang Zhen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe stability of coal walls (pillars) can be seriously undermined by diverse in-situ dynamic disturbances. Based on a 3D particle model, this work strives to numerically replicate the major mechanical responses and acoustic emission (AE) behaviors of coal samples under multi-stage compressive cyclic loading with different loading and unloading rates, which is termed differential cyclic loading (DCL). A Weibull-distribution-based model with heterogeneous bond strengths is constructed by both considering the stress–strain relations and AE parameters. Six previously loaded samples were respectively grouped to indicate two DCL regimes, the damage mechanisms for the two groups are explicitly characterized via the time-stress-dependent variation of bond size multiplier, and it is found the two regimes correlate with distinct damage patterns, which involves the competition between stiffness hardening and softening. The numerical b-value is calculated based on the magnitudes of AE energy, the results show that both stress level and bond radius multiplier can impact the numerical b-value. The proposed numerical model succeeds in replicating the stress–strain relations of lab data as well as the elastic-after effect in DCL tests. The effect of damping on energy dissipation and phase shift in numerical model is summarized.
Establishing an effective antimicrobial stewardship program at four secondary-care hospitals in India using a hub-and-spoke model
Authors: Zacchaeus Naveena Gracelin Princy , Palanikumar Prasannakumar , Alexander Hanna , Webster Jemin , Nair Indu K. , Sadanshiv Mahima , Thomas Rincy Merlin , Deodhar Divya , Samuel Prasanna , Rupali Priscilla 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
The high burden of antimicrobial resistance in India necessitates the urgent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in all healthcare settings in India. Most ASPs are based at tertiary-care centers, with sparse data available regarding the effectiveness of an ASP in a low-resource primary/secondary-care setting.

Methods:
We adopted a hub-and-spoke model to implement ASPs in 4 low-resource, secondary-care healthcare settings. The study included 3 phases measuring antimicrobial consumption data. In the baseline phase, we measured days on antimicrobial therapy (DOTs) with no feedback provided. This was followed by the implementation of a customized intervention package. In the postintervention phase, prospective review and feedback were offered by a trained physician or ASP pharmacist, and days of therapy (DOT) were measured.

Results:
In the baseline phase, 1,459 patients from all 4 sites were enrolled; 1,233 patients were enrolled in the postintervention phase. Both groups had comparable baseline characteristics. The key outcome, DOT per 1,000 patient days, was 1,952.63 in the baseline phase and significantly lower in the post-intervention period, at 1,483.06 (P = .001). Usage of quinolone, macrolide, cephalosporin, clindamycin, and nitroimidazole significantly decreased in the postintervention phase. Also, the rate of antibiotic de-escalation was significantly higher in the postintervention phase than the baseline phase (44% vs 12.5%; P < .0001), which suggests a definite trend toward judicious use of antibiotics. In the postintervention phase, 79.9% of antibiotic use was justified. Overall, the recommendations given by the ASP team were fully followed in 946 cases (77.7%), partially followed in 59 cases (4.8%), and not followed in 137 cases (35.7%). No adverse events were noted.

Conclusion:
Our hub-and-spoke model of ASP was successful in implementing ASPs in secondary-care hospitals in India, which are urgently needed.
Using institutional ethnography to analyse animal sheltering and protection I: Animal protection work
Authors: Koralesky Katherine E , Rankin Janet M , Fraser David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnimal protection laws exist at federal, provincial and municipal levels in Canada, with enforcement agencies relying largely upon citizens to report concerns. Existing research about animal protection law focuses on general approaches to enforcement and how legal terms function in the courts, but the actual work processes of animal law enforcement have received little study. We used institutional ethnography to explore the everyday work of Call Centre operators and Animal Protection Officers, and we map how this work is organised by laws and institutional polices. When receiving and responding to calls staff try to identify evidence of animal ‘distress’ as legally defined, because various interventions (writing orders, seizing animals) then become possible. However, many cases, such as animals living in deprived or isolated situations, fall short of constituting ‘distress’ and the legally mandated interventions cannot be used. Officers are also constrained by privacy and property law and by the need to record attempts to secure compliance in order to justify further action including obtaining search warrants. As a result, beneficial intervention can be delayed or prevented. Officers sometimes work strategically to advocate for animals when the available legal tools cannot resolve problems. Recommendations arising from this research include expanding the legal definition of ‘distress’ to better fit animals’ needs, developing ways for officers to intervene in a broader range of situations, and more ethnographic research on enforcement work in jurisdictions with different legal systems to better understand how animal protection work is organised and constrained by laws and policies.
Beauty Labor as a Tool to Resist Antifatness
Authors: Frazier Cheryl 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article I defend an account of beauty labor as a form of resistance that can enable individuals and communities to combat body oppression. Focusing on the “Fuck Flattering!” movement, a social-media-driven movement in which fat people purposefully wear unflattering clothing to resist antifat fashion and oppressive body standards, I first set three criteria necessary for an act of beauty labor to count as one of resistance. I argue that (1) the agent in question must be situated as a less ideal candidate for attributions of beauty, (2) the agent must have some level of knowledge or awareness of the norms (defined in light of dominant groups) and their harms, and (3) that knowledge or awareness of the harms of said norms must inform the agent's act of beauty labor. Based on this account of beauty labor as resistance, I argue that beauty labor can combat larger systems of oppression and incite meaningful change insofar as it enables individuals to claim and reclaim space (both digital and physical) from which fat people have been historically excluded, while affording an opportunity for education and unpacking of oppression and bias, and expanding the fashion industry.
Linking high-performance work systems to work engagement: exploring the mediating role of perceived internal marketability
Authors: Xiong Xue-Yuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The uncertainty and insecurity generated by COVID-19 has greatly reshaped work styles, bringing employees more strain and less engagement and subsequently making human resource management (HRM) more challenging. There has been a growing interest in employee work engagement in the field of HRM. This study utilized positive psychology and the job demands-resources model to explore the mediating mechanism between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and employee work engagement. Based on survey data from 71 senior HR managers and 288 employees of 71 China's manufacturing state-owned enterprises, multilevel structural equation modeling shows that HPWS is positively related to work engagement. Employee-perceived internal marketability fully mediates the relationship between HPWS and work engagement. The key result of this paper is that employee-perceived internal marketability is seen as a core personal psychological resource that can be developed through HPWS to benefit both employers and employees.
On relevation redundancy to coherent systems at component and system levels
Authors: Li Chen , Li Xiaohu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, the relevation transformation has received further attention from researchers, and some interesting results have been developed. It is well known that the active redundancy at component level results in a more reliable coherent system than that at system level. However, the lack of study of this problem with relevation redundancy prevents us from fully understanding such a generalization of the active redundancy. In this note we deal with relevation redundancy to coherent systems of homogeneous components. Typically, for a series system of independent components, we have proved that the lifetime of a system with relevation redundancy at component level is larger than that with relevation redundancy at system level in the sense of the usual stochastic order and the likelihood ratio order, respectively. For a coherent system with dependent components, we have developed a sufficient condition in terms of the domination function to the usual stochastic order between the system lifetime with redundancy at component level and that at system level.
On a wider class of prior distributions for graphical models
Authors: Natarajan Abhinav , van den Boom Willem , Odang Kristoforus Bryant , de Iorio Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGaussian graphical models are useful tools for conditional independence structure inference of multivariate random variables. Unfortunately, Bayesian inference of latent graph structures is challenging due to exponential growth of
$\mathcal{G}_n$
, the set of all graphs in n vertices. One approach that has been proposed to tackle this problem is to limit search to subsets of
$\mathcal{G}_n$
. In this paper we study subsets that are vector subspaces with the cycle space
$\mathcal{C}_n$
as the main example. We propose a novel prior on
$\mathcal{C}_n$
based on linear combinations of cycle basis elements and present its theoretical properties. Using this prior, we implement a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, and show that (i) posterior edge inclusion estimates computed with our technique are comparable to estimates from the standard technique despite searching a smaller graph space, and (ii) the vector space perspective enables straightforward implementation of MCMC algorithms.