bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germline Neurofibromin 1 mutation enhances the anti‐tumour immune response and decreases juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia tumourigenicity
Authors: Wang Wanqiao , Li Xin , Qin Xia , Miao Yan , Zhang Yingwen , Li Shanshan , Yao Ruen , Yang Yi , Yu Lisha , Zhu Hua , Song Lili , Mao Shengqiao , Wang Xiumin , Chen Jing , Feng Haizhong , Li Yanxin 
Published: May 2023

SummaryJuvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) is an aggressive paediatric leukaemia characterized by mutations in five canonical RAS pathway genes, including the NF1 gene. JMML is driven by germline NF1 gene mutations, with additional somatic aberrations resulting in the NF1 biallelic inactivation, leading to disease progression. Germline mutations in the NF1 gene alone primarily cause benign neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumours rather than malignant JMML, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that with reduced NF1 gene dose, immune cells are promoted in anti‐tumour immune response. Comparing the biological properties of JMML and NF1 patients, we found that not only JMML but also NF1 patients driven by NF1 mutations could increase monocytes generation. But monocytes cannot further malignant development in NF1 patients. Utilizing haematopoietic and macrophage differentiation from iPSCs, we revealed that NF1 mutations or knockout (KO) recapitulated the classical haematopoietic pathological features of JMML with reduced NF1 gene dose. NF1 mutations or KO promoted the proliferation and immune function of NK cells and iMacs derived from iPSCs. Moreover, NF1‐mutated iNKs had a high capacity to kill NF1‐KO iMacs. NF1‐mutated or KO iNKs administration delayed leukaemia progression in a xenograft animal model. Our findings demonstrate that germline NF1 mutations alone cannot directly drive JMML development and suggest a potential cell immunotherapy for JMML patients.
Density‐dependent reproductive success among sympatric dipterocarps during a major mast fruiting event
Authors: Aoyagi Ryota , Imai Nobuo , Samejima Hiromitsu , Kitayama Kanehiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough masting in Southeast Asia is characterized by the interspecific synchronization of reproduction, little is known about the variation in regeneration strategies among sympatric tree species during major masting events. Herein, we examined the hypothesis that non‐abundant species achieve greater seed survival per seed production at the pre‐ and post‐dispersal stages by synchronizing reproduction with abundant species. During the masting event from May to September 2010, we installed seed traps in a primary forest plot of the Deramakot Forest Reserve, Borneo. To identify the possible causes of post‐dispersal seed mortality, we conducted a seed‐sowing experiment from September 2010 to July 2011 in a primary forest plot with high community‐level dipterocarp seed density and two surrounding secondary forests with low seed densities. An abundant species (Shorea multiflora) produced more seeds than other species and exhibited a lower survival rate during the pre‐dispersal stage. The ratio of aborted seeds was greater in species with greater seed production, while the ratio of seeds predated by insects was not, suggesting that resource limitations and/or greater inbreeding frequency may explain inefficient seed production. Interspecific variation was rarely observed for post‐dispersal seed survival rates. Our study highlights the density‐dependent variation in reproductive success between abundant and non‐abundant dipterocarp species at the pre‐dispersal stage. Non‐abundant species achieved greater reproductive success by synchronizing reproduction with the masting of abundant species, which might be an important mechanism for sustainability of rare species populations.
Evaluation of mild periorbital cellulitis and home‐based therapy in children—EPOCH study: A prospective single centre cohort study
Authors: Jani Shefali , Thosar Deepali , McPherson Zachary , Donnelly Amie , Shaw Nadine , Jones Michael , Hort Jason 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric periorbital cellulitis is a common eye condition and warrants prompt management for the prevention of complications. International consensus on the approach to optimal management of children with mild periorbital cellulitis including ambulatory management is lacking. We aimed to prospectively investigate the safety and effectiveness of ambulatory management of children with mild periorbital cellulitis.MethodsOver a 23‐month period, we prospectively enrolled 70 children aged between 2 and 16 years who presented to the emergency department with mild periorbital cellulitis. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Eligible children were commenced on oral antibiotics and were discharged home with close outpatient ambulatory care and ophthalmology follow up. We used descriptive statistics for data presentation.ResultsOf the 70 children with mild periorbital cellulitis, 30 (43%) had unknown aetiology. Sixty‐five (92%) children received a structured ambulatory follow up. Five children (7%) received inpatient parenteral antibiotics for worsening of local symptoms within 24 h of initial presentation. One child developed orbital cellulitis at follow up. There was no mortality or significant morbidity noted in this group and none of the children needed surgical intervention.ConclusionsAmbulatory care for children with mild periorbital cellulitis is an effective and safe management strategy. This might prevent hospitalisation, reduce the burden on hospital bed occupancy and promote patient care in the community.
Association of reproductive traits with captive‐ versus wild‐sourced birds in trade
Authors: Morton Oscar , Scheffers Brett R. , Haugaasen Torbjørn , Edwards David P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe wildlife trade is a billion‐dollar global business, involving millions of people, thousands of species, and hundreds of millions of individual organisms. Unravelling whether trade targets reproductively distinct species and whether this preference varies between captive‐ and wild‐sourced species is a crucial question. We used a comprehensive list of all bird species traded, trade listings and records kept in compliance with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), and a suite of avian reproductive parameters to examine whether wildlife trade is associated with particular facets of life history and to examine the association between life‐history traits and captive‐ and wild‐sourced traded volumes over time. Across all trade, CITES listing, and CITES trade, large birds were more likely to be traded and listed, but their longevity and age at maturity were not associated with CITES listing or trade. We found species across almost the full range of trait values in both captive and wild trade between 2000 and 2020. Captive trade volumes clearly associated with relatively longer lived and early‐maturing species; these associations remained stable and largely unchanged over time. Trait–volume associations in wild‐sourced trade were more uncertain. Only body mass had a clear association, and it varied from negative to positive over time. Although reproductive traits were important in captive‐sourced trade, species‐level variation dominated trade, with even congeneric species varying greatly in volume despite similar traits. The collection and incorporation of trait data into sustainability assessments of captive breeding facilities are crucial to ensure accurate quotas and guard against laundering.
Metrics for quantifying how much different threats contribute to red lists of species and ecosystems
Authors: Sandvik Hanno , Pedersen Bård 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRed lists are a crucial tool for the management of threatened species and ecosystems. Among the information red lists provide, the threats affecting the listed species or ecosystem, such as pollution or hunting, are of special relevance. This information can be used to quantify the relative contribution of different threat factors to biodiversity loss by disaggregating the cumulative extinction risk across species into components that can be attributed to certain threats. We devised and compared 3 metrics that accomplish this and may be used as indicators. The first metric calculates the portion of the temporal change in red list index (RLI) values that is caused by each threat. The second metric attributes the deviation of an RLI value from its reference value to different threats. The third metric uses extinction probabilities that are inferred from red list categories to estimate the contribution of a threat to the expected loss of species or ecosystems within 50 years. We used data from Norwegian Red Lists to test and evaluate these metrics. The first metric captured only a minor portion of the biodiversity loss caused by threats because it ignores species whose red list category does not change. Management authorities will often be interested in the contribution of a given threat to the total deviation from the optimal state. This was measured by the remaining metrics. The second metric was best suited for comparisons across countries or taxonomic groups. The third metric conveyed the same information but uses numbers of species or ecosystem as its unit, which is likely more intuitive to lay people and may be preferred when communicating with stakeholders or the general public.
Creating conservation strategies with value‐focused thinking
Authors: Martin David M. , Goldstein Joshua G. , Smith David R. , Musengezi Jessica , Rountree Jessie G. , Galgamuwa G. A. Pabodha , Craig Aileen , Dietz Michelle , Kerr Caitlin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiodiversity and human well‐being strategies are only as good as the set of ideas people think about. We evaluated value‐focused thinking (VFT), a framework that emphasizes creating objectives and strategies that are responsive to the objectives. We performed a proof‐of‐concept study of VFT with 6 conservation planning teams at a global conservation organization. We developed a package of materials related to VFT, including meeting–session agendas, a virtual facilitation template, facilitator's guide, and evaluation questionnaires. We used these materials to test whether VFT applied in a group setting resulted in high‐quality conservation strategies and participant satisfaction and whether our materials were scalable, meaning that someone newly trained in VFT could facilitate planning meetings that resulted in high‐quality strategies and participant satisfaction, as compared with an experienced VFT facilitator. Net response indicated positive compelling, feasible, creative, and representative ratings for the conservation strategies per team. Participants indicated satisfaction overall, although satisfaction was greater for objectives than for strategies. Among the participants with previous conservation planning experience, all were at least as satisfied with their VFT strategies compared with previously developed strategies, and none were less satisfied (p = 0.001). Changes in participant satisfaction were not related to facilitator type (experienced or inexperienced with VFT) (p > 0.10). Some participants had a preconceived sense of shared understanding of important values and interests before participating in the study, which VFT strengthened. Our results highlight the advantages of structuring the development and evaluation of conservation planning frameworks around VFT.
Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis from 21 countries and regions
Authors: Yu Xiaohui , Fan Min , Zhao Xia , Ding Yanan , Liu Xueli , Yang Shengju , Zhang Xinqiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsImpaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) is a complication of glucose‐lowering therapies for diabetes. The purpose of this review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of IAH and unawareness of hypoglycaemia (UAH).MethodsWe searched the major databases from inception to 8 August 2022 and included all cross‐sectional and cohort studies reporting IAH prevalence in people with diabetes. A random‐effects model was used to pool effect values. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were used to identify study‐level characteristics affecting prevalence.ResultsSixty‐two studies from 21 countries published between 2000 and 2022 were included, with 39,180 participants (type 1 diabetes: 19,304 vs. Type 2 diabetes: 14,650). The pooled prevalence was 23.2% (95% CI: 18.4%–29.3%) via the Clarke questionnaire, 26.2% (95% CI: 22.9%–29.9%) via the Gold score, and 58.5% (95% CI: 53.0%–64.6%) via the Pedersen‐Bjergaard method, all from studies classified as presenting a moderate and low risk of bias. The prevalence of IAH was generally higher in people with type 1 diabetes than in those with type 2 diabetes and lowest in Europe. Meta‐regression results show that the duration of diabetes was a factor influencing the prevalence of IAH. The prevalence of UAH by the Pedersen‐Bjergaard method was 17.6 (95% CI: 14.9%–20.3%).ConclusionsIAH is a prevalent risk event among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, showing clinical heterogeneity and regional variability. UAH, an adverse progression of IAH, is also a serious burden. More primary research on the prevalence of IAH is needed in areas with a high diabetes burden.
The vice and virtue of conflict in boards: A longitudinal study into the effect of conflicts and cohesion on the task performance of supervisory school boards in the Netherlands
Authors: Heemskerk Klaas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe increased diversity and autonomy of schools calls for a more professional approach to school governance. In response, attention has been directed to the structure of school boards in the Netherlands. However, previous research indicates that the effectiveness of governance is not so much about structure as it is about behaviour. Conflict, in particular, appears to be an important underexposed factor in the effective behaviour of school boards. In a longitudinal research design, a survey using Likert‐scale items was distributed in 2016 and 2017 to executive directors of schools in the Netherlands to gauge their assessment of conflicts within the supervisory school board. Hierarchical regression analyses and moderator analyses were used to test the hypotheses. An increase in task‐related conflicts were found to have a clear positive effect on the task performance of supervisory boards. An increase in numbers of relational conflicts had a negative effect on the control task performance, while an increase in process‐related conflicts had a negative effect on the advisory task performance. The cohesion within a supervisory board proved to be an important moderator of the effect of task‐related conflicts and relationship conflicts on the control task performance. The results from this research underline the need for a multidimensional conceptualisation of conflict in supervisory boards. The need for further research on the interaction between cohesion and conflicts is underscored. Boards should make room for substantive debate and even for the inevitable friction and irritation that is sometimes inherent in being effective in managing schools.
Resistance rates among antiretroviral regimens in pregnant people living with HIV
Authors: da Silveira Gouvêa Maria Isabel Fragoso , de Lourdes Benamor Teixeira Maria , Fuller Trevon , Sodré Maria Clara Macêdo Pinheiro , Medeiros Adriana Ferreira , de Mattos Salgueiro Mariza , da Silveira Bressan Clarisse , Braga Camile Medeiros , da Silva Patrícia Amorim , Mendes‐Silva Wallace , Moreira Christianne , Jundi Fernanda , Cruz Maria Letícia , Ceci Loredana , Lattanzi Fellipe Pinheiro , João Esau C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo update nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance rates and describe the frequency of HIV subtypes in a cohort of pregnant people living with HIV (PPLH) at a national Prevention of Mother‐To‐Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) centre.MethodsWe evaluated genotypic resistance among PPLH during prenatal care who were antiretroviral therapy‐naïve or experienced. We determined mutations by the Surveillance of Drug Resistance Mutations (SDRM) dataset and also focused on studying participants with intermediate or high resistance defined through the Stanford score.ResultsFrom 2018 to 2021, 1170 PPLH received prenatal care at the centre and 550 were genotyped. Among the 295 SDRMs, with respect to NRTI resistance mutations, there were 27/295 (9.2%) M184V/I, 14/295 (4.7%) T215Y/C/D/E/F/V/I/S and 12/295 (4.1%) M41L. For NNRTI, there were 75/295 (25.4%) K103N, 18/295 (6.1%) M230L and 14/295 (4.7%) G190A/E/S mutations. For PI, the most frequent mutations were 13/295 (4.4%) V82A/S/F/T, 12/295 (4.1%) M46I/L and 10/295 (3.4%) D30N. Based on the Stanford score, 36/224 (16%) naïve participants had one or more antiretroviral resistance mutations, 81% of whom had NNRTI resistance. In the treatment‐experience group, 108/326 (33%) had one or more mutations, 91% of whom had NNRTI resistance. The most frequent HIV subtype was B (82.5%).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that continuous surveys of HIV genotype appear to be important tools to map the distribution and evolution of HIV subtypes and resistance to provide information to support treatment policies. Furthermore, concerns about the use of rilpivirine‐containing regimens underscore the importance of resistance surveillance.
Elevated sedimentation of clastic matter in pelagic Panthalassa during the early Olenekian
Authors: Muto Shun , Takahashi Satoshi , Yamakita Satoshi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe end‐Permian mass extinction is thought to have greatly altered biogeochemical cycles. The absence of chert and dominance of claystone in low‐latitude pelagic deep‐sea sedimentary sequences of Early Triassic Panthalassa (the deep‐sea chert gap) has been believed to record radiolarian die‐off and consequent decline in biogenic silica production. However, recent studies showed that the upper portion of the deep‐sea chert gap has sedimentation rates higher than bedded chert, meaning that increased clastic inputs, rather than decreased biogenic silica inputs, resulted in the anomalous lithology. In this study, we focus on the Akkamori‐2 section, which preserves a rare sedimentary sequence spanning a large part of the lower portion of the claystone of the deep‐sea chert gap. We obtained conodont fossils that allow correlation with sections in South China that have numerous dated tuffs. By projecting the dates of the tuffs to our measured sections, we show that sedimentation rates of the lower portion of the deep‐sea chert gap is also higher than bedded chert. Hence, most of the deep‐sea chert gap was formed under increased clastic inputs, which likely records disturbance in the terrestrial landscape, probably aridification and/or increased seasonality in arid areas, that lead to elevated dust flux to the pelagic ocean. On the other hand, the idea that the deep‐sea chert gap records lingering effects of the mass extinction event on radiolarians cannot explain the high sedimentation rates of the deep‐sea chert gap. This previously favored scenario needs to be reconsidered, taking into account the burial efficiency of biogenic silica in the Early Triassic ocean, and also effects of increased clay deposition on preservation of radiolarians.
Water consumption by rinse‐off cosmetic products: The case of the shower
Authors: Morizet David , Aguiar Marcella , Campion Jean‐Florent , Pessel Charlotte , De Lantivy Marion , Godard Céline , Dezeure Julie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article measures and discusses the effects of different shower gels on the consumption of water used during a shower.MethodsA sensory panel was created for quantifying water consumption associated with the use of shower gels. Fifteen French panellists were recruited (age: 59 ± 7, height: 163 cm ± 9 and weight: 68 kg ± 20) and trained to assess rinsed skin in a standardized way. Effective panellists were then asked to assess 25 shower gels covering the variety of existing products on the market.ResultsResults showed that the average volume was 4.77 L for heating the water and wetting the body and 4.15 L for rinsing the shower gel off the full body. We observed a significant shower gel effect (p < 0.0001) with the water volume needed to rinse the 25 shower gels ranging 3.21 L to 5.65 L.ConclusionThis paper demonstrates the impact of shower gel formulation on water consumption during a shower. It thus demonstrates the importance of formulating shower gels to reduce the total amount of water needed to shower. It also introduces the distinction between ‘useful water’ which refers strictly to the volume of water objectively needed to rinse off a product and the ‘used water’ which refers to the total shower volume of water. This distinction helps to better strategize actions in order to reduce water consumption from rinse‐off cosmetic products used during showers.
Caregiving experiences of nurses working in a newly established intensive care unit during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Aşkar Selva Ezgi , Ovayolu Özlem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has adversely affected intensive care nurses; for instance, they have fought against an unknown disease, and their workload has increased. In addition, the COVID‐19 pandemic has led intensive care nurses to work in new settings and with new teams.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore and describe the caregiving experiences of nurses who were working in a new COVID‐19 intensive care unit in Turkey and providing care for patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodIn this descriptive qualitative study, semi‐structured interviews were held from 22 July to 31 August 2020 and were recorded and analysed based on thematic analysis. The researchers followed the COREQ checklist in reporting the study.FindingsFrom interviews held with 11 nurses, four main themes (uncertainty and challenges in the ‘danger zone’, emotional and psychosocial changes, professional effects of the pandemic and being ready for a future pandemic) were derived from 11 sub‐themes.ConclusionsThe new setting and the ever‐changing team make caring for the COVID‐19 patient even more difficult. A good organization, an experienced permanent team, a known setting and good working conditions are essential to be prepared for possible pandemics in the future.
Surface area reduction during the sintering of alumina
Authors: Delia Daniel J. , Lee Hyojin , Carty William M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurface area reduction trajectories of two well characterized calcined alumina powders were analyzed over a range of thermal profiles. Surface area reduction trajectories were confirmed to be independent of initial green density. Variations in trajectory were explained through experimental demonstrations of blended coarse and fine particle alumina systems. This work demonstrates that (1) nanoparticles do not appear to assist conventional sintering, because the nanoparticle surface area drops precipitously with minimal increase in density; and (2) the initial compact density does not contribute, nor control, surface area reduction during alumina sintering.