bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual Radiation Sensitivity and Biomarkers: Molecular Radiation Biology
Authors: Ainsbury Elizabeth A. , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Baatout Sarah , Baeyens Ans , Botelho Maria Filomena , Frey Benjamin , Foray Nicolas , Georgakilas Alexandros G. , Lyng Fiona M. , Marques Inês Alexandra , Meade Aidan D. , Milic Mirta , Mistry Dhruti , Monaghan Jade F. , Montoro Alegría , Pires Ana Salomé , Terzoudi Georgia I. , Triantopoulou Sotiria , Viktorsson Kristina , Vogin Guillaume 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, scientific understanding of the changes radiation makes to the various tissues of the body has vastly increased. Identification of biological markers of radiation exposure and response has become a wide field with an increasing interest across the radiation research community. This chapter introduces the concepts of individual radiosensitivity, radiosusceptibility, and radiodegeneration, which are the key factors to classify radiation responses. Biomarkers are then introduced, and their key characteristics as well as classification are explained, with a particular focus on those biomarkers which have been identified for use in epidemiological studies of radiation risk—as this is a crucial topic of current interest within radiation protection. Brief information on collection of samples is followed by a detailed presentation of predictive assays in use in different settings including clinical applications with responses assessed chiefly in tissue biopsy or blood samples. The sections toward the end of this chapter then discuss the evidence associated with the relationship between age and separately sex, and radiosensitivity, as well as some genetic syndromes associated with radiosensitivity. The final section of this chapter provides a brief summary of how our current knowledge can further support individual, personalized, uses of radiation, particularly in clinical settings.
Radiobiology of Accidental, Public, and Occupational Exposures
Authors: Wilkins Ruth , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Ainsbury Elizabeth A. , Baatout Sarah , Botelho Maria Filomena , Boterberg Tom , Filipová Alžběta , Hladik Daniela , Kruse Felicia , Marques Inês Alexandra , Mistry Dhruti , Moquet Jayne , Oestreicher Ursula , Ramadan Raghda , Terzoudi Georgia I. , Triantopoulou Sotiria , Vogin Guillaume , Wozny Anne-Sophie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes situations where individuals may be potentially exposed to ionizing radiation in accidental, occupational, or public exposures excluding those from clinical radiotherapy. Each exposure type can have very specific characteristics ranging in radiation quality, dose, dose rate, length of exposures, and proportion of the body acute exposure. As such, some long-term health effects of low-dose exposures are described including effects on the embryo and fetus, heritable diseases, cataracts, and cardiovascular effects. Special focus on exposure to radon is included along with the health effects specific to this exposure situation.Accidental and malicious exposures can also include high-dose scenarios that can lead to the development of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Details of ARS are described along with how it can be diagnosed. In some exposure scenarios, large numbers of individuals are exposed such that triage is required to quickly identify those needing medical intervention to mitigate ARS. Strategies for triage for treatment are described with respect to trauma, contamination, and exposure along with a discussion of suggested countermeasures for internal exposure and medical follow-up after exposure. In order to assist with determining the dose of radiation an individual has been exposed to, several biodosimetry techniques are described.The final section focuses on the radiation protection system including definitions of quantities commonly used and the limits of exposure.
Setting the Scene
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDrawing on international literature on higher education access and participation, this chapter provides a summary overview of current research and writing in this field. The ‘widening participation’ agenda is critically reviewed in relation to neoliberal discourses of the independent learner and the ‘risky’ nature of university deconstructed. The chapter describes the epistemological and ontological foundations for the studies that inform this publication and details the methodologies and theoretical framings adopted by the researchers. This book is premised upon the recognition that all learners are complex entities, intersected by various demographic and social factors. In recognition of this, the chapter aims to provide insight into a range of historical, political and cultural factors that may have impacted upon the Australian students who participated in this research.
The Online Student Experience: New Challenges for Engagement and Support
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOnline learning has an increasingly important place in widening access and participation in higher education for diverse student cohorts. One cohort that has been taking up online study in increasing numbers over the past 10–15 years is that of mature-age, first-in-family students. This chapter looks at the experience of 87 first-in-family students, for whom the opportunity to enrol in online undergraduate studies through an open-entry pathway made it possible for them to embark on a university education. In-depth interviews and surveys were conducted with these students as part of a wider study into First-in-Family students described in Chap. 1 of this book (Study B). Findings include the important role that opportunity plays in providing the impetus for study, as well as the importance of support and encouragement from family, friends, colleagues and institutions in being able to continue the journey.
Motivated Men: First-in-Family Male Students
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile first-in-family women’s experience of attending university has been examined in a growing body of literature, there has been little attention paid to the experiences of first-in-family males. This chapter presents an account of the motivations, transitions and participations of first-in-family male students using a narrative gender framework. The analysis especially privileges the idea of situated and relational masculinities (Hopkins & Noble, Masculinities in place: Situated identities, relations and intersectionality. Social and Cultural Geography, 10(8), 811–819, 2009). Age was found to be the chief organising category of their experiences structuring their embodied life course. Three main age and relational masculine performances emerged from these men’s stories, namely those of the Fathers, the Self-Starters and the Sons. Working to achieve or enact the breadwinner model of masculinity was found to be the dominant motivator behind their gender performances.
The Process of Modeling
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractModels are required in any type of performance study, from the design and procurement of new systems, to data center and cloud capacity planning. This chapter describes the main input parameters of the models and the output measures that can be obtained from their solutions. The relationships among these quantities, i.e., the operational laws, are also introduced. The most important steps to implement models to be solved with simulation and analytical techniques are reviewed.
Impact of Variability of Interarrival and Service Times
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the influence of the distributions of some input parameters of the models on the . Initially, we describe an elementary example (somewhat unrealistic) specially designed to emphasize the impact on mean of different patterns of arriving requests. Then, two simple models consisting of a station are considered. In the first we apply different distributions to the of requests keeping the distribution of fixed. In the second one we do the opposite: we keep the distribution of fixed and we consider different distributions of .
Parallel Computing
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe concept of parallelism of computations is very important to obtain the results required by the algorithms of big data processing applied in several domains, like ML, AI, neural networks, approximate computing, etc. In this chapter the use of and stations and of their respective generation/synchronization policies are described [12]. Three elementary models implementing different synchronization policies are analyzed. The first synchronizes the executions of n parallel tasks with similar characteristics, the second investigates the impact of the variability of the parallel task execution times on the synchronization times, and the third synchronizes on the fastest task. In spite of their simplicity, these three models can be combined with other components to implement very complex models.
Reference Models
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes four case studies of varying difficulty that are simplified versions of complex projects used to study real world problems. Despite their simplicity, the implemented models are still able to capture the key aspects of the phenomena analyzed. Initially, the capacity planning of a facial recognition surveillance system based on edge computing architecture is described. Next, the design of a digital infrastructure that dynamically scales the computational capacity to handle workload fluctuations is presented. The implemented multi-formalism model consists of both Queueing Networks and Petri Nets components. The problem of performance forecast of a web app is tackled by simulating a concise version of the workflow of an e-commerce app. The impact of different authentication protocols for payment security is also considered. The last case study concerns the modelling of a platform for crowd computing. The originality of this model lies in the fact that its customers that flows in and out are the computational nodes, which are added and removed from the crowd platform. The resources that resides inside a Finite Capacity Region of the model manage the computational servers that may or may not be available to users.
Subjective Wellbeing of Women in the Marine Fisherfolk of Kerala: Anthropological Insights on Life Experience, Attitude, and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Ramachandran B. Bindu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuman desire to attain the state of being well has existed since the beginning of man’s social life. Within and across cultures, people conceptualize wellbeing differently because of its multidimensional nature. Even though the perspective towards wellbeing is totally relative, it is basically connected with one’s attitude towards quality of life and life circumstances. Among the women in fisherfolk, decrease in marine resources, institutional changes, occupational diversification, and the role of Kudumbasree initiatives have created significant changes in attitudes towards being well. This anthropological research analyses the mediating effect of three socio-cultural domains such as life experience, attitude, and life satisfaction on different aspects of subjective wellbeing. Three hundred and ten women from the marine fisherfolk families in Kozhikode district of Kerala participated in the study. The structural equation modelling proposed in the study revealed the significant influence of above three domains on subjective wellbeing with the support of thirteen sub domains including health and hunger. The model also reflects the signifiers relevant to the life satisfaction of women in a particular socio-cultural, economic, and environmental setting. The findings of the study have ethical and applied implications, if subjective dimensions of wellbeing are considered in the preparation of public policies for women and thereby attaining a life circumstance where there is zero hunger.
Evolution of India’s Policy Response to Hunger, Nutrition, and Food Security Since Independence
Authors: Panda Manoj 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAt the time of its independence, India did not have enough production of food grains to meet its domestic demand and had to depend on imports. The Indian government’s policy response then naturally laid priority on increasing aggregate food production by launching the green revolution in the late 1960s. Once production became adequate, attention of public policy for providing food and nutritional security to the people shifted to several other areas such as household access to adequate food, enhancing purchasing power, composition of food basket, production of protein- and vitamin-intensive food items, clean drinking water, and sanitary conditions. This paper begins with a discussion of the concepts of nutritional adequacy, food security, and poverty. It then documents the evolutionary process in Indian policy response since the 1950s in SDG-2-related areas like hunger, nutrition, and food security. This is followed by an examination of the state of food and nutritional securities using several key indicators. The paper also briefly discusses how lives could be saved using a nationally functioning public distribution system and employment guarantee schemes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper concludes with a discussion of current efficiency and environmental concerns and possible way forward.
In the Pursuit of an Appropriate Calorie Intake Norm for Indian States
Authors: Siddiqui Md. Zakaria , Rahman Tauhidur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA puzzling aspect of India's nutrition story is that deficiencies in calorie intake and anthropometric health outcomes across states are not significantly correlated. One potential explanation is inaccurate accounting of the calorie needs of people living in different states of India. There are significant variations in the disease environments, health infrastructure, and mechanization of economies across states which necessitate different levels of calorie consumption. Using consumption survey data collected by the National Sample Survey Office in 2011–2012, and utilizing multilevel models, we show that these factors are important determinants of calorie intakes across states. Then we calculate state-adjusted calorie norm for Indian states and use them to recalibrate their prevalence of undernourishment (PoU). In addition, we show that the correlations between calorie intakes, determined by the state-adjusted calorie norms and anthropometric health outcomes, are strong and significant. Our findings suggest that for a diverse country like India, a uniform national calorie intake norm is inappropriate, leading to inaccurate estimates of calorie intake deficiencies across states.
Milk Consumption Pattern of Young Children: A Relook at the Indian Evidence
Authors: Viswanathan Brinda , Purohit Divya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn rural areas where most of the food production takes place, nutritional deprivations are also high. In 2015–16, only 38% (45%) of 6–23-month-old children in rural (urban) India reported milk consumption at least once in the previous day with an average of 2.5 times among those who consumed. Though dairy milk plays a very important role in the growth of young children, very few studies have analysed the pattern of consumption as in this study, which also provides an understanding of its associated factors and relationship with a child’s height for age Z-score. The zero-inflated Poisson model estimates show that girls are less likely to be given milk but irrespective of gender, milk consumption increases with age. Breastfeeding affects both milk consumption and its frequency while other food items except eggs and other dairy reduce the chance of milk consumption but not its frequency. Mother’s education, economic status of the household, ownership of bovine, and higher supply of milk at the district level have differing effects on milk consumed compared to the frequency of milk consumed. Milk consumption and its frequency is positively associated with a child’s height provided it is an endogenous variable. Policies that strengthen affordability, availability, and awareness towards milk consumption would reduce large disparities in child stunting in India and improve its abysmally low global ranking.
Are Gender Budgets Necessary for Reducing Inequalities in Health Outcomes? An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Gupta Indrani , Ranjan Avantika , Barman Kanksha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAchieving gender equality and empowerment has been a global goal for many years and since 2015 has been the focus of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well. Given the challenges in reducing gender inequality, there was a global consensus that national budgets should specifically focus on gender. Australia was the first country to initiate gender budgeting or gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) and presented a Women’s Budget Statement at a meeting of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Working Party on Women and the Economy in February 1985.
Gravity-improved metastability bounds for the Type-I seesaw mechanism
Authors: Chauhan Garv , Steingasser Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Right-handed neutrinos (RHN) destabilize the electroweak vacuum by increasing its decay rate. In the SM, the latter is dominated by physics at the RG scale at which λ reaches its minimum, $$ {\mu}_{\ast}^{\textrm{SM}} $$

μ
∗
SM

∼ 1017 GeV. For large neutrino Yukawa coupling Yν, RHNs can push μ* beyond the Planck scale, implying that gravitational effects need to be taken into account. In this work, we perform the first comprehensive study of electroweak vacuum metastability in the type-I seesaw mechanism including these effects. Our analysis covers both low- and high-scale seesaw models, with two as well as three RHNs and for multiple values of the Higgs’ non-minimal coupling to gravity. We find that gravitational effects can significantly stabilize the vacuum, leading to weaker metastability bounds. We show that metastability sets the strongest bounds for low-scale seesaws with MN> 1 TeV. For high-scale seesaws, we find upper bounds on the allowed masses for the RHNs, which are relevant for high-scale leptogenesis. We also point out that Tr($$ {Y}_{\nu}^{\dagger } $$

Y
ν
†

Yν), which is commonly used to express these metastability bounds, cannot be used for all of parameter space. Instead, we argue that bounds can always be expressed reliably through Tr($$ {Y}_{\nu}^{\dagger } $$

Y
ν
†

Yν$$ {Y}_{\nu}^{\dagger } $$

Y
ν
†

Yν). Lastly, we use this insight to develop a new technique for an easier RG analysis applicable to scenarios with degenerate RHN masses.
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in the τ final state at proton-electron colliders
Authors: Gu Haiyong , Mao Ying-nan , Sun Hao , Wang Kechen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe utilize the lepton number violation signal processp e−→τ+jjjto search for heavy Majorana neutrinos at future proton-electron colliders. The LHeC (FCC-eh) is considered to run with an electron beam energy of 60 GeV, a proton beam energy of 7 (50) TeV and an integrated luminosity of 1 (3) ab−1, and the electron beam is considered to be unpolarized. We apply detector configurations and simulate signal and related standard model background events for both hadronicτhand leptonicτℓfinal states,ℓbeing a muon. After preselection, multivariate analyses are performed to reject the background. The strategy to reconstruct the heavy neutrino mass is developed and distributions of reconstructed mass are presented. Discovery sensitivities on parameter |VτN|2|VeN|2/(|VτN|2+ |VeN|2) for the heavy neutrino mass between 10 and 3000 GeV are predicted. At the 2-σsignificance, the best discovery sensitivity is∼1.2×10−5(5.0×10−6) at the LHeC (FCC-eh) whenmN∼ 100 GeV for the hadronicτhfinal state. Sensitivities for the leptonicτℓfinal state are found to be similar to those for the hadronicτhfinal state for most of the parameter space investigated. We also derive the limits on mixing parameters from electroweak precision data (EWPD) and DELPHI experiment. Assuming |VτN|2= |VeN|2= |VℓN|2, sensitivity bounds from the LHeC and FCC-eh experiments are found to be stronger than those from EWPD whenmN≲ 900 GeV, and also stronger than those from DELPHI whenmN≳ 70 GeV. Constraints are also interpreted and compared in the |VτN|2vs. |VeN|2plane. Compared with current limits from EWPD, DELPHI, and LHC experiments, futurepeexperiments can probe large additional regions in the parameter space formed by|VτN|2and|VeN|2, and thus significantly enhance the discovery potential for a large portion of the|VτN|2vs.|VeN|2plane.
Electroweak baryogenesis via top-charm mixing
Authors: Kanemura Shinya , Mura Yushi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigate a scenario of electroweak baryogenesis in the two Higgs doublet model with quark flavor mixing. In general, off-diagonal components of quark Yukawa interactions with additional Higgs bosons are strongly constrained by the data for flavor changing neutral currents. However, top-charm quark mixing is not the case, so that a large off-diagonal element can be taken, which can contribute to generating baryon asymmetry of the universe. It turns out that CP violating phases of the off-diagonal element in the source term in the Boltzmann equation are eliminated by the rephasing. This result is somewhat different from previous works on electroweak baryogenesis by flavor off-diagonal Yukawa couplings. Instead, we find that the absolute value of the top-charm off-diagonal element enhances CP violating phases in the Higgs potential, by which sufficient amount of the baryon number can be generated to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. We find that such a scenario is viable under the current experimental data. The model can be tested by the current and future measurements of various flavor experiments like Kaon rare decays, in addition to high energy collider experiments as well as gravitational wave observations. Characteristic predictions of our model would be deviations in Kaon rare decays. Branching ratios of $$ {K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν
¯

and $$ {K}_L\to {\pi}^0\nu \overline{\nu} $$

K
L

→

π
0

ν

ν
¯

can deviate by the order of 10% and 1%, respectively, which may be tested at future Kaon experiments such as NA62 and KOTO step-2.
The black hole/string transition in AdS3 and confining backgrounds
Authors: Urbach Erez Y. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
String stars, or Horowitz-Polchinski solutions, are Euclidean string theory saddles with a normalizable condensate of thermal winding strings. String stars were suggested as a possible description of stringy (Euclidean) black holes close to the Hagedorn temperature. In this work, we continue the study initiated in [1] by investigating the thermodynamic properties of string stars in asymptotically (thermal) anti-de Sitter backgrounds. First, we discuss the case of AdS3 with mixed RR and NS-NS fluxes (including the pure NS-NS system) and comment on a possible BTZ/string transition unique to AdS3. Second, we present new “winding-string gas” saddles for confining holographic backgrounds such as the Witten model and determine the subleading correction to their Hagedorn temperature. We speculate a black brane/string transition in these models and argue for a possible relation to the deconfined phase of 3+1 dimensional pure Yang-Mills.