bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective cohort study of depression (PROUD) in China: rationale and design
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Xu Jinjie , Liu Rui , Qi Han , Yang Jian , Guo Tong , Zhou Jia , Zhu Xuequan , Zhang Ling , Chen Xiongying , Lyu Nan , Feng Zizhao , Zhang Guofu , Liu Min , Wang Weiwei , Wang Yun , Zhang Zhifang , Xiao Le , Feng Yuan , Wang Gang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) imposes a heavy global disease burden. However, current etiology, diagnosis and treatment remain unsatisfactory and no previous study has resolved this problem. Building on the strengths and limitations of previous cohort studies of MDD, the prospective cohort study of depression (PROUD) is a 3-year large-scale cohort study designed to collect multidimensional data with a flexible follow-up schedule and strategy. The goal is to establish a nationally representative, high-quality, standardized depression cohort to support precise diagnosis and treatment of MDD and address the gap in current research.

Methods
PROUD is a patient-based, nationally representative multicenter prospective cohort study with baseline and 3-year follow-up assessments. It will be carried out from January 2022 to December 2026 in 52 qualified tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 14,000 patients diagnosed with MDD, according to the DSM-5 criteria, and aged ≥ 16 years, will be recruited to PROUD. Participants aged 18-65 years who have not received any treatment during a depressive episode will be included in the precision medicine cohort (PMC) of PROUD (n=4,000). Patients who meet the general eligibility criteria but not the PMC criteria will be included in the naturalistic observation cohort (NOC) of PROUD (n=10,000). A multiple follow-up strategy, including scheduled, remote, telephone, external visits and patient self-reports, will be implemented to collect comprehensive sociodemographic, clinical information, biospecimens, neuroimaging, cognitive function and electrophysiology data and digital phenotypes according to strict standard operating procedures implemented across centers. Trial registration: ChiCTR2200059053, registered on 23 April 2022, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=165790.

Conclusions
PROUD is a prospective cohort study of MDD patients in China. It will provide a comprehensive database facilitating further analyses and aiding the development of homeostatic and precision medicine in China.
Understanding the epidemiology and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence and child abuse in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhattabi Fadiah , Al Faryan Nawaf , Alsaleh Manar , Long Maureen , Alkhani Abdullah , Alwahibah Salma , Frederico Margarita , Alhuthil Raghad 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of a pandemic on the lives of vulnerable members of the community who have experienced or are 'at risk' of experiencing intimate family violence and child abuse in Saudi Arabia. By reviewing the experience in Saudi Arabia in the context of the international literature, the study explores similarities and differences in the impact of the pandemic on family violence.

Methods:
The study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family violence and child abuse in Saudi Arabia by conducting a comparative analysis of the prevalence of cases, types of abuse, and geographical location of those experiencing violence between the years 2019 and 2020. Data were obtained from the Family Violence Reporting Center 1919 in Saudi Arabia.

Results:
The study found that the risk of family violence and child abuse increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia, similar to findings in other countries. Conversely, there was a decrease in the number of reports due to factors associated with COVID-19.

Conclusions:
The study highlighted the importance of ensuring that existing policies and services are sufficient to ensure the risks arising from the impact of COVID-19 responses and minimize the negative consequences.
The forgotten preconditions for a well-functioning internet
Authors: Goodell Geoffrey 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For decades, proponents of the Internet have promised that it would one day provide a seamless way for everyone in the world to communicate with each other, without introducing new boundaries, gatekeepers, or power structures. What happened? This article explores the system-level characteristics of a key design feature of the Internet that helped it to achieve widespread adoption, as well as the system-level implications of certain patterns of use that have emerged over the years as a result of that feature. Such patterns include the system-level acceptance of particular authorities, mechanisms that promote and enforce the concentration of power, and network effects that implicitly penalize those who do not comply with decisions taken by privileged actors. We provide examples of these patterns and offer some key observations, toward the development of a general theory of why they emerged despite our best efforts, and we conclude with some suggestions on how we might mitigate the worst outcomes and avoid similar experiences in the future.
Lactate, histone lactylation and cancer hallmarks
Authors: Lv Xinyu , Lv Yingying , Dai Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Histone lactylation, an indicator of lactate level and glycolysis, has intrinsic connections with cell metabolism that represents a novel epigenetic code affecting the fate of cells including carcinogenesis. Through delineating the relationship between histone lactylation and cancer hallmarks, we propose histone lactylation as a novel epigenetic code priming cells toward the malignant state, and advocate the importance of identifying novel therapeutic strategies or dual-targeting modalities against lactylation toward effective cancer control. This review underpins important yet less-studied area in histone lactylation, and sheds insights on its clinical impact as well as possible therapeutic tools targeting lactylation.
Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) control in Douglas fir
Authors: Aulakh Jatinder S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAsiatic dayflower (Commelina communis L.) is becoming increasingly invasive in Christmas tree plantations in the U.S. Northeast. Response of C. communis to preemergence or postemergence herbicides was evaluated in separate field and greenhouse experiments. The preemergence herbicides consisted of two application rates of flumioxazin (215 and 429 g ai ha−1), hexazinone plus sulfometuron-methyl (316 and 527 g ai ha−1), indaziflam (41 and 82 g ai ha−1), and S-metolachlor (2,136 and 4,272 g ai ha−1). The postemergence herbicides were: bentazon at 1,121 g ai ha−1, clopyralid at 280 g ae ha−1, mesotrione at 526 g ai ha−1, topramezone at 294 g ai ha−1, and triclopyr at 842 g ae ha−1. At 16 wk after treatment, higher rates of flumioxazin (429 g ha−1), hexazinone plus sulfometuron-methyl (527 g ha−1), indaziflam (82 g ha−1), and S-metolachlor (4,272 ha−1) provided 80% to 92% control and reduced C. communis plant density by 84% to 93% compared with the nontreated control. The lower rates of flumioxazin (215 g ha−1), hexazinone plus sulfometuron-methyl (316 g ha−1), and S-metolachlor (2,136 ha−1) gave 65% to 72% control and reduced C. communis plant density by 27% to 75% compared with the nontreated control. The postemergence application of mesotrione at 526 g ha−1, topramezone at 294 g ha−1, and triclopyr at 842 g ha−1 resulted in 76% to 90% control and reduction in dry biomass of 10- to 12-leaf C. communis at 28 d after treatment. Bentazon at 1,121 g ha−1 and clopyralid at 280 g ha−1 applied postemergence were ineffective with <10% control and reduction in C. communis dry biomass. This study showed that C. communis can be managed effectively with currently registered preemergence and postemergence herbicides in Christmas trees.
Linking host plants to damage types in the fossil record of insect herbivory
Authors: Schachat Sandra R. , Payne Jonathan L. , Boyce C. Kevin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudies of insect herbivory on fossilized leaves tend to focus on a few, relatively simple metrics that are agnostic to the distribution of insect damage types among host plants. More complex metrics that link particular damage types to particular host plants have the potential to address additional ecological questions, but such metrics can be biased by sampling incompleteness due to the difficulty of distinguishing the true absence of a particular interaction from the failure to detect it—a challenge that has been raised in the ecological literature. We evaluate a range of methods for characterizing the relationships between damage types and host plants by performing resampling and subsampling exercises on a variety of datasets. We found that the components of beta diversity provide a more valid, reliable, and interpretable method for comparing component communities than do bipartite network metrics and that the rarefaction of interactions represent a valid, reliable, and interpretable method for comparing compound communities. Both beta diversity and rarefaction of interactions avoid the potential pitfalls of multiple comparisons. Finally, we found that the host specificity of individual damage types is challenging to assess. Whereas bipartite network metrics are sufficiently biased by sampling incompleteness to be inappropriate for fossil herbivory data, alternatives exist that are perfectly suitable for fossil datasets with sufficient sample coverage.
Stabilizing History through Statues, Monuments, and Memorials in Curzon's India
Authors: Ghosh Durba 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article argues that projects to make Britain's imperial history visible to the public through the display of statues, the establishment of a history museum, and the renovation of historical markers solidified a colonial narrative about the British empire's permanence in India during the first two decades of the twentieth century, decades in which anticolonial unrest threatened the British occupation of the subcontinent. The monumental scale expressed permanence. An imperial aesthetic linked the cities important to showcasing the empire in Calcutta, New Delhi, and London. Contrary to mainstream assumptions that commemorations should be preserved for the sake of documenting history, these markers enacted a British story of triumph at a moment when mass campaigns against British rule were occurring. Coming at the end of a long nineteenth century of statue mania, when many European nations installed memorials to national heroes, the installation of monuments in India presented a colonialist public history of events such as the Black Hole incident of 1757 or the rebellions of 1857. Drawing from Viceroy George Curzon's ambitions in historical preservation and monumentalizing, the article shows how he stabilized a British narrative of India amid anticolonial campaigns of protest.
Community-dwelling older adults' experiences and perceptions of needs for home modification in Shanghai
Authors: Chen Lin , Mao Xupeng , Kahana Eva , Chen Sangyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHome environment is essential to older adults. While existing studies have investigated the positive implications of home modification strategies for older adults and proposed relevant policies and programmes, literature has remained relatively silent on how older adults perceive their needs for their home environment and its modification, especially during and after they go through home modification projects. This study investigated community-dwelling older adults' perceptions of needs for home modification in Shanghai. Informed by theories in environmental gerontology and tenets of awareness of age-related change, we conceptualised two intertwined, evolving processes of person–environment (P-E) interactions: older adults' interactions with their home environment, and the interactions between their perceptions of needs for home modification and the ageing process. Taking a qualitative approach, we interviewed community-dwelling older adults who were among the first to have received a pilot government-sponsored home modification project in Shanghai (N = 15). Our findings suggest that older adults' P-E dynamics evolved in response to their perception of their home environment and ageing process. Most participants initially were unaware of their underlying needs for home modification even when they had encountered challenges in their apartments. As the home modification project took place, participants gradually gained knowledge of their home environment and the following modification, which enabled them to better identify and articulate their needs to improve their daily living. After the project, participants' understandings of their home environments continued to evolve, expanding to their neighbourhood. This study informs policy and practice to focus on recognising the evolving aspects of older adults' needs in their home environment and better engaging older adults in the process of home modification.
On the dual risk model with Parisian implementation delays under a mixed dividend strategy
Authors: Hu Kang , Li Jingchao , Zhou Jieming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a mixed dividend strategy in a dual risk model. The mixed dividend strategy is the combination of a threshold dividend and a Parisian implementation delays dividend under periodic observation. Given a series of discrete observation points, when the surplus level is larger than the predetermined bonus barrier at observation point, the Parisian implementation delays dividend is immediately carried out, and the threshold dividend is performed continuously during the delayed period. We study the Gerber-Shiu expected discounted penalty function and the expected discounted dividend payments before ruin in such a dual risk model. Numerical illustrations are given to study the influence of relevant parameters on the ruin-related quantities and the selection of the optimal dividend barrier for a given initial surplus level.
Detection of aberrant DNA methylation patterns in sperm of male recurrent spontaneous abortion patients
Authors: Ma Rong-Hua , Zhang Zhen-Gang , Zhang Yong-Tian , Jian Sheng-Yan , Li Bin-Ye 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAberrant DNA methylation patterns in sperm are a cause of embryonic failure and infertility, and could be a critical factor contributing to male recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The purpose of this study was to reveal the potential effects of sperm DNA methylation levels in patients with male RSA. We compared sperm samples collected from fertile men and oligoasthenospermia patients. Differentially methylated sequences were identified by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) methods. The DNA methylation levels of the two groups were compared and qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of genes showing differential methylation. The results indicated that no difference in base distribution was observed between the normal group and the patient group. However, the chromosome methylation in these two groups was markedly different. One site was located on chromosome 8 and measured 150 bp, while the other sites were on chromosomes 9, 10, and X and measured 135 bp, 68 bp, and 136 bp, respectively. In particular, two genes were found to be hypermethylated in these patients, one gene was DYDC2 (placed in the differential methylation region of chromosome 10), and the other gene was NXF3 (located on chromosome X). Expression levels of DYDC2 and NXF3 in the RSA group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrated that changes in DNA methylation might be related to male RSA. Our findings provide important information regarding the potential role of sperm DNA methylation in human development.
Monetary policy transmission in China: dual shocks with dual bond markets
Authors: El-Shagi Makram , Jiang Lunan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough China’s monetary and financial system differs drastically from its Western counterpart, empirical studies covering this vast economy have often been simple reestimations or recalibrations of models originally designed to describe US or European monetary policy. In this paper, we aim to assess Chinese monetary policy and, in particular, monetary policy transmission through yield curves into the real economy. Our study takes into account the peculiarities of the Chinese economy: Namely, our model includes both China’s modern attempts at a market-based monetary policy as well as the “authority-based” one that is a relic of the original banking system. Besides, it considers the special nature of the Chinese treasury bond market, which is separated into two independent ones with very limited direct arbitrage opportunities between almost identical assets. Finally, it incorporates the role of real estate, which played an essential role in China during the last decade. Our results show that different monetary policy shocks cause asymmetric effects on macroeconomic and financial variables.
Visible to Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy of Asteroid (16) Psyche: Implications for the Psyche Mission's Science Investigations
Authors: Dibb S. D. , Bell J. F. , Elkins‐Tanton L. T. , Williams D. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe NASA Psyche mission will explore the structure, composition, and other properties of asteroid (16) Psyche to test hypotheses about its formation. Variations in radar reflectivity, density, thermal inertia, and visible to near‐infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra of Psyche suggest a highly metallic composition with mafic silicate minerals (e.g., pyroxene) heterogeneously distributed on the surface in low abundance (<10 vol.%). The Psyche spacecraft's Multispectral Imager is designed to map ≥80% of the surface at high spatial resolution (≤20 m/pixel) through a panchromatic filter and provide compositional information for about ≥80% of the surface using seven narrowband filters at VNIR wavelengths (∼400–1,100 nm) and at spatial scales of ≤500 m/pixel. We analyzed 359 reflectance spectra from samples consistent with current uncertainties in Psyche's composition and compared them to published reflectance spectra of the asteroid using a chi‐square test for goodness of fit. The best matches for Psyche include iron meteorite powder, powders from the sulfide minerals troilite and pentlandite, and powder from the CH/CBb chondrite Isheyevo. Comparison of absorption features support the interpretation that Psyche's surface is a metal‐silicate mixture, although the exact abundance and chemistry of the silicate component remains poorly constrained. We convolve our spectra to the Imager's spectral throughput to demonstrate preliminary strategies for mapping the surface composition of the asteroid using filter ratios and reconstructed band parameters. Our results provide predictions of the kinds of surface compositional information that the Psyche mission could reveal on the solar system's largest M‐type asteroid.
The Increasing Efficiency of the Poleward Energy Transport Into the Arctic in a Warming Climate
Authors: Cardinale Christopher J. , Rose Brian E. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study quantifies the contribution to Arctic winter surface warming from changes in the tropospheric energy transport (Ftrop) and the efficiency with which Ftrop heats the surface in the RCP8.5 warming scenario of the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble. A metric for this efficiency, Etrop, measures the fraction of anomalous Ftrop that is balanced by an anomalous net surface flux (NSF). Drivers of Etrop are identified in synoptic‐scale events during which Ftrop is the dominant driver of NSF. Etrop is sensitive to the vertical structure of Ftrop and pre‐existing Arctic lower‐tropospheric stability (LTS). In RCP8.5, winter‐mean Ftrop decreases from 95.1 to 85.4 W m−2, while Etrop increases by 5.7%, likely driven by decreased Arctic LTS, indicating an increased coupling between Ftrop and the surface energy budget. The net impact of decreasing Ftrop and increasing efficiency is a positive 0.7 W m−2 contribution to winter‐season surface heating.
Gigantic Vortices From Barotropic Instability Observed in the Atmosphere of Venus
Authors: Horinouchi Takeshi , Satoh Takehiko , Peralta Javier 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUntil recently, the lower to middle cloud region of Venus had been supposed to be dynamically quiet, accommodating nearly steady superrotating westward flow. However, observations of the regions by Akatsuki, the latest Venus orbiter operating since 2015, have revealed a variety of cloud features indicative of vortices and waves. Here we report another, and arguably the most conspicuous, example. Akatsuki's near‐infrared imager IR2 captured gigantic vortices rotating cyclonically on 25 August 2016. By using winds estimated by cloud tracking, the feature is shown to be quantitatively consistent with barotropic instability. The size of the vortices (∼1,000 km) and their spacing (∼2,500 km) are more than several times greater than the vortex‐like features reported previously from the observations of Venus, and they are also greater than the largest barotropic instability observed in the Earth's troposphere.
Internal Structure of the Central Garlock Fault Zone From Ridgecrest Aftershocks Recorded by Dense Linear Seismic Arrays
Authors: Qiu Hongrui , Chi Benxin , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe provide high‐resolution seismic imaging of the central Garlock fault using data recorded by two dense seismic arrays that cross the Ridgecrest rupture zone (B4) and the Garlock fault (A5). Analyses of fault zone head waves and P‐wave delay times at array A5 show that the Garlock fault is a sharp bimaterial interface with P waves traveling ∼5% faster in the northern crustal block. The across‐fault velocity contrast agrees with regional tomography models and generates clear P‐wave reflections in waveforms recorded by array B4. Kirchhoff migration of the reflected waves indicates a near‐vertical fault between 2 and 6 km depth. The P‐wave delay times imply a ∼300‐m‐wide transition zone near the Garlock fault surface trace beneath array A5, offset to the side with faster velocities. The results provide important constraints for derivations of earthquake properties, simulations of ruptures and ground motion, and future imaging studies associated with the Garlock fault.
The Impact of Climate Change on River Alternate Bars
Authors: Redolfi M. , Carlin M. , Tubino M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change is expected to alter the distribution of flow discharge in rivers worldwide. We study the impact of climate‐driven flow changes on the shape of riverbed, and specifically on alternate bars, large deposits of gravel/sand that often form in rivers. We consider the illustrative example of the Alpine Rhine River, showing two nearby reaches with similar hydro‐morphological characteristics, but different channel width. Hydrological projections are obtained from literature, while the evolution of alternate bars is predicted through a novel, semi‐analytical model. Results show a remarkably different behavior of the two reaches: the upstream one, being wide enough for a full development of alternate bars, is resistant to flow alterations; the downstream reach, whose width is close to threshold conditions, is highly susceptible to future changes, showing a strong tendency to increase bar prominence. These findings reflect a general tendency of near‐threshold geomorphic systems to be vulnerable to anthropic stressors.