bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CaCl2–HCl electrolyzed water promotes glucosinolate metabolism in broccoli sprouts via calcium signalling
Authors: Li Cui , Song Shuhui , He Yanan , Han Siyu , Liu Haijie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectrolyzed water, a green chemistry invention, is a novel disinfectant that has been widely used in the food field. Previous studies have found that slightly acidic electrolyzed water not only has a bactericidal effect but also promotes the accumulation of active substances in many types of sprouts. We developed a new type of electrolyzed water, CaCl2–HCl electrolyzed water (CHEW), which can effectively enhance the formation of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates in broccoli sprouts. The molecular mechanism by which CaCl2–HCl electrolyzed water promotes glucosinolate metabolism in broccoli sprouts during growth was investigated in this study.ResultsOn the 4th day, the total glucosinolate content in broccoli sprouts reached 195.50 μmol/g DW under CHEW treatment. On the 8th day, compared to treatment with tap water, the contents of three isothiocyanates (sulforaphane, erucin, and 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene) in broccoli sprouts under CHEW treatment were significantly increased by 45.93, 34.04 and 185.15%, respectively. The results of calcium distribution and qRT‒PCR assessments indicated that CHEW treatment activated calcium signalling in broccoli sprouts and promoted the relative expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis-related genes through calcium sensors [calmodulin (CaM), calmodulin-like protein (CML), and calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK)] and the calcium-binding nuclear protein IQD1.ConclusionOur research provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of glucosinolate metabolism and a theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality broccoli sprouts.Graphical Abstract
Choroidal vasculature act as predictive biomarkers of long-term ocular elongation in myopic children treated with orthokeratology: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Hao , Peng Tianli , Zhou Weihe , Huang Zihan , Li Hongyu , Wang Tengfei , Zhang Jingwei , Zhang Kou , Li Haoer , Zhao Yunpeng , Qu Jia , Lu Fan , Zhou Xiangtian , Jiang Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite receiving orthokeratology (ortho-k), the efficacy of retarding ocular elongation during myopia varies among myopic children. The current study aimed to investigate the early changes of choroidal vasculature at one month after ortho-k treatment and its association with one-year ocular elongation, as well as the role of such choroidal responses in predicting the one-year control efficacy of ortho-k treatment.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted in myopic children treated with ortho-k. Myopic children aged between 8 and 12 years who were willing to wear ortho-k lenses were recruited consecutively from the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), submacular total choroidal luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), choriocapillaris flow deficit (CcFD) were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography over a one-year period.

Results
Fifty eyes from 50 participants (24 males) who finished one-year follow-ups as scheduled were included, with a mean age of 10.31 ± 1.45 years. The one-year ocular elongation was 0.19 ± 0.17 mm. The LA (0.03 ± 0.07 mm2), SA (0.02 ± 0.05 mm2) increased proportionally after one-month of ortho-k wear (both P < 0.01), as did the SFCT (10.62 ± 19.98 μm, P < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that baseline CVI (β = − 0.023 mm/1%, 95% CI: − 0.036 to − 0.010), one-month LA change (β = − 0.009 mm/0.01 mm2, 95% CI: − 0.014 to − 0.003), one-month SFCT change (β = − 0.035 mm/10 µm, 95% CI: − 0.053 to − 0.017) were independently associated with one-year ocular elongation during ortho-k treatment after adjusting with age and sex (all P < 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of prediction model including baseline CVI, one-month SFCT change, age, and sex achieved 0.872 (95% CI: 0.771 to 0.973) for discriminating children with slow or fast ocular elongation.

Conclusions
Choroidal vasculature is associated with ocular elongation during ortho-k treatment. Ortho-k treatment induces increases in choroidal vascularity and choroidal thickness as early as one month. Such early changes can act as predictive biomarkers of myopia control efficacy over a long term. The utilization of these biomarkers may help clinicians identify children who can benefit from ortho-k treatment, and thus has critical implications for the management strategies towards myopia control.
Multiple-choice quizzes improve memory for misinformation debunks, but do not reduce belief in misinformation
Authors: Collier Jessica R. , Pillai Raunak M. , Fazio Lisa K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFact-checkers want people to both read and remember their misinformation debunks. Retrieval practice is one way to increase memory, thus multiple-choice quizzes may be a useful tool for fact-checkers. We tested whether exposure to quizzes improved people’s accuracy ratings for fact-checked claims and their memory for specific information within a fact check. Across three experiments, 1551 US-based online participants viewed fact checks (either health- or politics-related) with or without a quiz. Overall, the fact checks were effective, and participants were more accurate in rating the claims after exposure. In addition, quizzes improved participants’ memory for the details of the fact checks, even 1 week later. However, that increased memory did not lead to more accurate beliefs. Participants’ accuracy ratings were similar in the quiz and no-quiz conditions. Multiple-choice quizzes can be a useful tool for increasing memory, but there is a disconnect between memory and belief.
Clinical and paraclinical predictors of early neurological deterioration and poor outcome in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Amer Hanan Abdallah , El-Jaafary Shaimaa Ibrahim Mohamed , Sadek Hadeer Mohammed Abd El-Aziz , Fouad Amr Mohamed , Mohammed Shaimaa Shaheen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is the second most common form of stroke. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Several clinical and radiological parameters are related to its poor outcome. The aim of this study is to elucidate the clinical, laboratory, and radiological factors associated with early neurological deterioration and poor outcome in patients with ICH.

Results
seventy patients diagnosed with sICH were evaluated within the first 72 h from the onset of symptoms by Clinical, radiological, and laboratory parameters. Patients were assessed for early neurological deterioration (END) during the hospital stay (up to 7 days from admission) using Glasgow coma scale (GSC), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and within 3 months from stroke onset using modified Rankin scale (mRS). ICH score and Functional Outcome in Patients with Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage (FUNC) Score were calculated for prognostication. 27.1% and 71.42% of patients had END and showed unfavorable outcome, respectively. Clinical indices, as NIHSS > 7 on admission and age > 51 years, radiological characteristics, as large hematoma size, leukoaraiosis, and mass effect detected on CT scan, as well as serum biomarkers; serum urea level > 50 mg/dL, high neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio on admission, high ALT and AST, as well as low total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels, all were significantly associated with poor outcome in the patients. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis found the presence of aspiration to be an independent predictor of END, and the scores of NIHSS > 7 on admission, age > 51 years, and urea level > 50 mg/dL were independent predictors of poor outcome.

Conclusions
There are several predictors for END as well as poor outcome in ICH. Some are clinical, others are radiological and laboratory. Aspiration was an independent predictor of END during hospital stay (3–7 days) in patients with ICH, while older age, high NIHSS and urea level on admission were independent predictors of poor outcome.
Use of a real-time PCR method to quantify the primary infection of Plasmopara viticola in commercial vineyards
Authors: Yang Lujia , Chu Bingyao , Deng Jie , Yuan Kai , Sun Qiuyu , Jiang Caige , Ma Zhanhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGrapevine downy mildew (GDM) caused by Plasmopara viticola is a recurrent disease of wine grapes in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia) of northwestern China. However, the primary infectious pathogen in this region has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, a multiplex real-time PCR assay was utilized to quantify P. viticola in soil, leaf residues, and asymptomatic leaf samples from ten commercial vineyards in two consecutive years to better understand the epidemiological significance of overwintering primary inoculum and its inoculum potential before the appearance of the first visual GDM symptoms. The DNA primers and multiplex real-time PCR assays that had been established exhibited specificity towards P. viticola within the test samples. The majority of the asymptomatic leaves (60%), leaf residues (80%), and soil samples (100%) tested positive for P. viticola. In addition, the amount of primary inoculum of P. viticola was found to be lower in soil than in leaf residues. The area under the disease progress curve in terms of the molecular disease index (AUDPC-MDI) was used to evaluate the overall latent P. viticola infection in asymptomatic leaves. Asymptomatic leaves were found to have different levels of P. viticola infection, and high AUDPC-MDIs correlated with a high AUDPC in terms of disease index (AUDPC-DI), with a significant correlation relationship between them (P < 0.01). Additionally, a well-correlated relationship was observed between the disease progress in the previous year and the MDIs of leaf residues and asymptomatic leaves in the following year, as well as the AUDPC-DI (Spearman’s correlation coefficient ρ = 0.643, 0.498, and 0.595, respectively) (P < 0.01). These findings provide valuable information for quantifying the primary infection of P. viticola in commercial vineyards.
Protein characteristics, amino acid profile, health benefits and methods of extraction and isolation of proteins from some pseudocereals—a review
Authors: Rao Vasundhara , Poonia Amrita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPseudocereals are the seeds or fruits of non-grass species that can be consumed similarly to cereals. Most commonly used pseudocereals are amaranth, quinoa, buckwheat, chia, album and wattleseeds. These underutilized pseudocereals are good source of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, flavonoids and minerals. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has identified many plants as under-utilized, which can significantly contribute for improving nutrition and health, enhance food basket and livelihoods, future food security and sustainable development. They are reported to have anti-cancerous, cardio-protective, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anti-obesity and antioxidant properties. This review paper portray major pseudocereals with their amino acid composition, methods of extraction and isolation of proteins, effect of processing on the quality of protein and nutritional profile and various health benefits.
Graphical Abstract
Epidemiology of benign paroxysomal positional vertigo (BPPV) and risk factors for secondary BPPV: a population-based study
Authors: Ghosh Anirban , Dorasala Srinivas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) is a disorder that causes sudden, spinning sensation for few seconds with specific head movements. Of all disorders of inner ear that causes dizziness, BPPP is the most common one. To understand this disorder, we conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary care ENT hospital in Eastern India.

Aims and objectives
1. To know the incidence of BPPV among all vertigo patients.
2. To know the age-sex distribution of BPPV.
3. To identify secondary causes of BPPV and their prevalence.
4. To know the incidence of different canal BPPVs.
5. To ascertain the treatment outcome of different particle repositioning maneuvers in BPPV.

Methods
Total 575 patients presented to the vertigo clinic from 15 September 2018 to 21 March 2022. Out of them 151 patients (26.6%) were diagnosed with BPPV by proper history taking, clinical examination including provocative tests. They were treated with appropriate particle repositioning maneuvers (PRM). Patients were followed for mean 6 months and results were analyzed.

Results and analysis
Of all vertigo patients, BPPV constitutes 26.6% of cases, making it most common cause of peripheral vertigo. It commonly affects 40–60 years of age group with equal sex predilection. Eighty-three percent of cases were idiopathic, secondary causes include vestibular migraine, Meniere’s disease, labyrinthitis, and orthostatic hypotension. Posterior canal was most commonly affected (74%), followed by lateral and anterior canal. Particle repositioning maneuver (PRM) cures 96% of all BPPV patients (75% needs only one PRM, 15% requires the second one) with overall success rate of 96% after 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusion
BPPV is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo. One has to understand the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of vestibular system to provide better patient care in these patients. Particle repositioning maneuver (PRM) is the treatment for BPPV.
Multilayered regulation of secondary metabolism in medicinal plants
Authors: Zhao Yan , Liu Guanze , Yang Feng , Liang Yanli , Gao Qingqing , Xiang Chunfan , Li Xia , Yang Run , Zhang Guanghui , Jiang Huifeng , Yu Lei , Yang Shengchao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMedicinal plants represent a huge reservoir of secondary metabolites (SMs), substances with significant pharmaceutical and industrial potential. However, obtaining secondary metabolites remains a challenge due to their low-yield accumulation in medicinal plants; moreover, these secondary metabolites are produced through tightly coordinated pathways involving many spatiotemporally and environmentally regulated steps. The first regulatory layer involves a complex network of transcription factors; a second, more recently discovered layer of complexity in the regulation of SMs is epigenetic modification, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and small RNA-based mechanisms, which can jointly or separately influence secondary metabolites by regulating gene expression. Here, we summarize the findings in the fields of genetic and epigenetic regulation with a special emphasis on SMs in medicinal plants, providing a new perspective on the multiple layers of regulation of gene expression.
Graphical Abstract
Mitophagy and long-term neuronal homeostasis
Authors: Markaki Maria , Tsagkari Dikaia , Tavernarakis Nektarios 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Neurons are highly polarized, post-mitotic cells that are characterized by unique morphological diversity and complexity. As highly differentiated cells that need to survive throughout organismal lifespan, neurons face exceptional energy challenges in time and space. Therefore, neurons are heavily dependent on a healthy mitochondrial network for their proper function and maintenance under both physiological and stress conditions. Multiple quality control systems have evolved to fine-tune mitochondrial number and quality, thus preserving neuronal energy homeostasis. Here, we review the contribution of mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy that targets dysfunctional or superfluous mitochondria for degradation, in maintaining nervous system homeostasis. In addition, we discuss recent evidence implicating defective or dysregulated mitophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Self-Efficacy Buffers Against Belonging Loss for Hispanic Students During the First Semester of College
Authors: Kim Maxim , Corpus Jennifer Henderlong 
Published: June 2023

<p style="text-align:justify">Hispanic college students typically report a lower sense of belonging than their White peers, citing challenges related to first generation student status, low-income family backgrounds, and academic underpreparedness. The present study asked whether Hispanic students would have a lower sense of belonging than non-Hispanic White students and whether academic self-efficacy would be able to provide a greater buffer against belonging loss for Hispanic students compared to their non-Hispanic White peers. The participants of this study were Hispanic (n = 68) and non-Hispanic White (n = 420) first year students at a predominantly White small liberal arts college. Academic self-efficacy was a significant predictor of change in belonging for Hispanic students but not for non-Hispanic White students. These results suggest academic self-efficacy is a worthwhile target of belonging interventions for Hispanic students. </p>
Ultrabroadband vanadium-dioxide-based metamaterial absorber based on two resonance modes at a terahertz frequency
Authors: Zou Yuke , Lin Hongyan , Wu Yangkuan , Yao Qi , Zhu Huaxin , Wang Ben-Xin 
Published: June 2023

A terahertz (THz) ultrabroadband metamaterial absorber consisting of a periodically patterned vanadium dioxide (VO2) array, loss-free dielectric layer, and a continuous gold film is designed. Its resonance features can be dynamically tuned by applying different temperatures to the VO2 to promote phase transformation. When the VO2 is in the metallic state, the designed metamaterial has an absorption bandwidth of 6.08 THz with an absorptivity more than 90%, from 3.84 THz to 9.92 THz. The broadband absorption is attributed to the combination of two absorption peaks localized at 4.73 THz and 9.05 THz that are based on the localized resonance mode and surface lattice resonance mode. Taking advantage of the temperature phase transition of VO2, the designed absorber can be switched between ultrabroadband absorption and near-total reflection. Its maximum modulation depth can reach 99%, and it achieves an excellent modulation effect with a bandwidth of about 6 THz. The physical mechanism of the ultrabroadband absorption is discussed through an analysis of the near-field distribution and the current density distribution of the absorption peaks. The effect of structural parameters on the absorption are also investigated. The designed metamaterial absorber could have application potential in THz imaging, THz communications and smart devices.
Medical education during the Covid-19 pandemic long-term experiences of German clinical medical students
Authors: Gottschalk Marc , Milch Pascal M. , Albert Christian , Werwick Katrin , Braun-Dullaeus Ruediger C. , Stieger Philipp 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the accompanying hygiene regulations, medical students in Germany faced multiple educational and personal challenges. The challenges included the cancellation and digitalisation of courses, the closing of university institutions such as libraries, a decrease in social contacts, and the risk of a Covid-19 infection. The aim of this study was to understand medical students’ pandemic experiences as well as the consequences of these experiences for the students’ future work as physicians.

Materials and methods
We performed 15 guided, one-on-one interviews with clinical medical students (third to fifth year) at the Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and anonymised. We performed a qualitative content analysis in accordance with Mayring and thereby formed an inductive category system. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) were applied.

Results
Five categories were inductively formed: “Changes in the teaching experience”, “negative effects on the learning experience”, “decrease in personal social contacts”, “contact with covid-19”, and “pandemic-associated stress increase”. The participating students reported higher levels of stress due to isolation and uncertainty regarding their educational future. Furthermore, students welcomed the digitalisation of lectures, developed individual coping strategies, and voluntarily took part in the care of Covid-19 patients. Limitations to social interactions were perceived as the major restrictive factor to their educational structure, their perceived learning success and personal development.

Conclusion
This study identified social restrictions as well as didactic and academic structural challenges as relevant factors contributing to perceived stress and fear for medical students during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially as regards their learning experience. Students’ acceptance of digitalised learning may enable regular interaction with university peers and may facilitate a structured educational life. However, the implementation of digital resources could not provide a sufficient substitute for in-person courses.
Using geographically weighted regression analysis to assess predictors of home birth hot spots in Ethiopia
Authors: Hailegebreal Samuel , Haile Firehiwot , Haile Yosef , Simegn Atsedu Endale , Enyew Ermias Bekele 
Published: June 2023

Background
Annually, 30 million women in Africa become pregnant, with the majority of deliveries taking place at home without the assistance of skilled healthcare personnel. In Ethiopia the proportion of home birth is high with regional disparity. Also limited evidence on spatial regression and deriving predictors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the predictors of home birth hot spots using geographically weighted regression in Ethiopia.

Methods
This study used secondary data from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey. First, Moran’s I and Getis-OrdGi* statistics were used to examine the geographic variation in home births. Further, spatial regression was analyzed using ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression to predict hotspot area of home delivery.

Result
According to this result, Somalia, Afar, and the SNNPR region were shown to be high risk locations for home births. Women from rural residence, women having no-education, poorest wealth index, Muslim religion follower, and women with no-ANC visit were predictors of home delivery hotspot locations.

Conclusion
The spatial regression revealed women from rural resident, women having no-education, women being in the household with a poorest wealth index, women with Muslim religion follower, and women having no-ANC visit were predictors of home delivery hotspot regions. Therefore, governmental and other stakeholders should remain the effort to decrease home childbirth through access to healthcare services especially for rural resident, strengthen the women for antenatal care visits.
Affine Iterations and Wrapping Effect
Authors: Revol Nathalie 
Published: June 2023

Affine iterations of the form xn+1=Axn+b converge, using real arithmetic, if the spectral radius of the matrix A is less than 1. However, substituting interval arithmetic to real arithmetic may lead to divergence of these iterations, in particular if the spectral radius of the absolute value of A is greater than 1. We will review different approaches to limit the overestimation of the iterates, when the components of the initial vector x(0) and b are intervals. We will compare, both theoretically and experimentally, the widths of the iterates computed by these different methods: the naive iteration, methods based on the QR- and SVD-factorization of A, and Lohner's QR-factorization method. The method based on the SVD-factorization is computationally less demanding and gives good results when the matrix is poorly scaled, it is superseded either by the naive iteration or by Lohner's method otherwise.