bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Euro-integration legislation of Ukraine on the materials and articles, intended to come into con-tact with food in the context of food safety and food security
Authors: Burylo Yu. 
Published: April 2023

In recent years, Ukraine has been working hard to bring its food legislation in correspondence with the relevant EU law. The most recent development in this area of legislation has been the adoption of the law governing the production, distribution and use of materials and articles, intended for contact with foodstuffs.
The article deals with the novel requirements of this law regarding materials and articles intended for contact with foodstuffs from the perspective of ensuring the food safety as well as ensuring food security. At the same time, an attempt is made to establish the correlation between the concepts of food safety and food security.
First of all, the general requirements of the law aimed at preventing the migration of chemicals from contact materials and articles into food are analyzed. In addition, the article addresses the mechanism of establishing special requirements, in particular purity standards, general and specific migration limits for chemicals, etc. with regards to certain groups of contact materials and articles, such as active and intelligent materials and articles, adhesives, plastic, printing inks, regenerated cellulose, varnishes and coatings, etc.
The authorization mechanism for substances and plastic recycling processes used in the production of materials and articles intended for contact with foodstuffs is analyzed. The requirements of the law regarding the declaration of compliance with the established requirements for materials and articles intended for contact with foodstuffs are also examined.
In conclusion, it is noted that the adoption of the European integration legislation on contact materials and articles is primarily aimed at ensuring food safety, although it also indirectly contributes to food security. At the same time, the application of certain methods of state regulation set out in the new legislation requires striking a delicate balance between achieving the goals of food safety and food security.
The content of the unity of the legal regulation of the work of notaries
Authors: Merkulov P. 
Published: April 2023

The article emphasizes that the issue of unity and differentiation of the legal regulation of the work of notaries was practically not raised by scientists, despite the fact that during the independence of Ukraine, the notary has undergone significant changes: the requirements for notaries, the requirements for the protection of their labor and social rights, the requirements for committing notarial actions, new challenges of the time appeared that were not characteristic of Ukraine before: the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia's armed attack on Ukraine etc. The scientists also emphasized that the issue of the unity of legal labor regulation arises precisely in relation to the notary, since the legal status of this category of employees is not sufficiently researched, and there is also no clear understanding of what is common and what is different in the legal regulation of the labor of notaries and other employees , which norms are key in the implementation of such regulation, in which legal relations is a general norm, and in which a special norm, etc. It is noted that the essence of the unity of legal regulation should be considered in close relationship with the differentiation of legal regulation, since unity and differentiation are interdependent concepts that cannot exist separately. The author analyzed scientific approaches to understanding the concept of "unity", considered the main provisions of the Labor Code of Ukraine as a general act of labor legislation and its impact on the work of notaries.
The scientist identified the main provisions that characterize the unity of the legal regulation of the work of notaries: 1) universality on the universality of labor law norms; 2) provision of a unified approach to the regulation of labor relations of notaries, regardless of their type; 3) unity determines the minimum and general level of labor rights of employees, which also apply to the work of notaries; 4) unity is characterized by an impact on all employees, regardless of the scope of work, the nature of the performed labor functions of employees and their remuneration.
The place of the prosecutor's office among state authorities: conceptual approaches
Authors: Byelov D. , Shved І. 
Published: April 2023

It is indicated that in recent years, the issue of ensuring human rights has become especially relevant for domestic legal science, primarily because during this period the foreign policy conditions of our state's existence have become significantly more complicated, which has led to internal problems (the attack of the Russian Federation on the territory of independent Ukraine). Thus, in the modern socio-economic and political conditions of the functioning of our state, the problems of ensuring its security become particularly acute. Article 17 of the Constitution of Ukraine states that the provision of human rights and state security and the protection of the state border of Ukraine are entrusted to the relevant military formations and law enforcement agencies of the state, the organization and procedure of which are determined by law. Therefore, ensuring the security of the state is regulated at the legislative level and is carried out by specially authorized entities. Thus, from the point of view of constitutional law, it is important to study the status of the prosecutor's office in interaction with other state authorities, however, from the point of view of the theory of constitutional security, we turn to the most important tasks of maintaining domestic stability, constitutional security, and observing the foundations of the constitutional system of Ukraine.
The authors note that the "classical" branches of state power - legislative, executive and judicial - represent a single state power and its division, do not exclude the possibility of the existence of other functionally independent legal institutions, their existence is determined by the real needs of building a rule of law and the state-legal life of society in a certain specific period, the need for democratic forms of control of various bodies of all branches of government in cases where their activities do not correspond to the principles and provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine. Of course, it is positive to determine that the main task of the prosecutor's office is to involve it in the process of administering justice. The Prosecutor's Office should contribute to the administration of justice by implementing the functions defined by the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law, to ensure the balance of the interests of the person, society and the state. Despite this, and taking into account the above, in our opinion, we consider the exclusion of the section "Prosecutor's Office" from the Constitution of Ukraine and the inclusion of norms establishing the status of the prosecutor's office in the section "Justice" as a positive step on the way to reforming the constitutional system of the state, because it is "harsh" determines the place of the prosecutor's office among other state authorities, due to the inclusion of the prosecutor's office in the justice system of our country.
Characteristics of the international agreements «Debt-for-Nature Swaps»
Authors: Tolkachenko O. 
Published: April 2023

The article examines topics related to international agreements on the exchange of external debt of the countries of the Global South (that is, developing countries) for environmental programs that provide for environmental protection. A debt-to-nature swap is usually a voluntary agreement in which the amount of debt a developing country's government owes is canceled or reduced by the creditor in exchange for the debtor's acceptance of financial commitments to protect the environment.
Having analyzed the concept of an international contract, as well as the practice of its application, a conclusion was made about the possibility of dividing «Debt-for-Nature Swaps» into several types: commercial (tripartite) contracts, bilateral and multilateral exchange contracts. Having studied the specified types of contracts, the main differences between them were clarified.
Despite the positive moments of international agreements on the exchange of debt for nature, which are mentioned in the article, there are also negative points that should be noted: the fear of the states to lose their sovereign rights to natural resources; discussion time, which can be quite long, which increases the cost of operations; financial risks; deterioration of the environment during the preparation of the exchange contracts; concerns about the risk of corruption and the irrational use of resources by the governments of low-income countries.
The article notes that the research may be relevant for our country as well, due to the possible emergence of a large number of environmental problems as a result of the war and probable economic problems in the country.
However, the full potential of the exchange agreements has not been exhausted. Environmental protection is related to water supply, sanitation, infrastructure development, climate change, etc. In these directions, not enough has been done so far within the framework of international agreements on exchange of debt for environmental protection. Therefore, there is a need to improve and develop the system of concluding these agreements, to find new alternative financial mechanisms that will be aimed at protecting the environment, will be more effective for developing countries and countries that have crisis environmental problems and will contribute to the socio-economic growth of these countries.
Modernization of the mechanism for the protection of human rights and freedoms in Slovakia on the way to joining the European Union
Authors: Turyanytsia V. 
Published: April 2023

The study analyzes the improvement of the mechanism for the protection of human rights and freedoms in the post-totalitarian Slovak Republic on the way to joining the European Union.
The author revealed the modernization of this mechanism, in particular, its newly formed components - the Ombudsman Institute, the Slovak National Center for Human Rights and the Center for Legal Aid, as well as the reasons for their appearance. Cause-and-effect relationships and the implementation of the theory’s ideas in the practice of life are shown.
This study is devoted to the topical topic - the mechanism of protection of human rights and freedoms in the post-totalitarian Slovak Republic, which has entered the path of democracy and accession to the European Union and NATO.
The author of the study, based on a large source base of the Slovak legislator, reveals the modernization of the rights protection mechanism, which is due to many objective factors. The analysis is made from the involvement of constitutional norms, which have the highest legal force in the hierarchy of legal norms. To their implementation of transformations in the conditions of the development of post-socialist society and the state on general democratic principles, new legislation, actions of democratic institutions and resistance that inhibited democratic progress.
Analyzing the modernization of the rights protection mechanism, the researcher introduces new components of this mechanism into the domestic legal field, reveals their essence and functions, as well as obstacles to the improvement and further development of institutions for the protection of human and citizen rights.
A comprehensive analysis was made both at the domestic and international levels, taking into account the requirements arising from the path of democratic development.
A scrupulous analysis in the direction of improving the mechanism for the protection of Slovakia’s rights and its newly formed components, in particular the Institute of the Ombudsman, the Slovak National Center for Human Rights and the Center for Legal Aid, has been made in domestic jurisprudence recently. The scientist revealed their role in the relationship between citizens and society and government institutions, and also emphasized the rise of innovative components to a new and high-quality level in the Slovak Republic.
Based on the analysis of the problem, the researcher makes convincing conclusions regarding the modernization of the mechanism of rights and freedoms, their innovative components of the approximation of the protection system to European standards.
This study has a scientific and theoretical orientation and practical value in expanding the system of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms.
Institutionalized international security alliances: defending fundamental human rights
Authors: Horovenko S. 
Published: April 2023

The in-depth study examines the international cooperation status quo dedicated primarily to protecting modern democratic values by coordinating international actors’ endeavors and, thus, constituting global human rights protection architecture.
The author endeavors to provide a unique description of the institutionalized security alliances, attempt to search its similarities and differences, and sets highlights and lays the foundation for further scientific developments of mentioned above as basics for the future of the security sector at least on the European continent.
The article is based on the tendency to intensify regional cooperation in modern international relations that was clear last decades. As well as there is a perception that the role of each regional organization separately, as well as their cooperation with common sense as a whole, are more prepotent now than ever.
The common interests in question are international cooperation to ensure stability, peace and security, economic and cultural development, human rights protection and democratic good governance and modern international law pillars, standards based on the doctrine of equality of states and the rule of law concept.
The author says that such cooperation in Europe on a regional level is determining and is going to determine the way of international community development in the nearest future. Eventually, the author proves the fundamental human rights-oriented concept remains dominant within the contemporary democratic order and human rights protection is an essential priority of the developed states.
Ukraine needs to seek creative methods of communication with different states based on personal interaction history, joint touchpoints and geopolitical interests to set up newly discovered and renew the operation of previously formed subregional actors. This approach covers both the existential needs and critical advantages of Ukraine, together with ensuring the role of Ukraine as a key player within the newest unique regional fundamental human rights protection system.
Pit bull–type breeds with dilated cardiomyopathy eating nontraditional diets improve after diet change (2015–2022)
Authors: Fischer Kara E. , Rush John E. , Freeman Lisa M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare signalment, clinical signs, diet, echocardiographic findings, and outcome for pit bull–type breeds diagnosed between 2015 and 2022 with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or with DCM diagnosed by a cardiologist but that did not meet all study echocardiographic criteria (DCM-C).

ANIMALS
91 dogs with DCM and 11 dogs with DCM-C.

PROCEDURES
Data were collected on clinical findings, echocardiographic measurements, and diet at the time of diagnosis (for 76/91 dogs); echocardiographic changes; and survival.

RESULTS
For dogs with diet information available for time of diagnosis, 64/76 (84%) dogs were eating nontraditional commercial diets, while 12/76 (16%) were eating traditional commercial diets. There were few differences between diet groups at baseline, with congestive heart failure and arrhythmias common in both groups. Thirty-four dogs with known baseline diet and diet change status had follow-up echocardiograms between 60 and 1,076 days later (traditional diet, n = 7; nontraditional diet that changed diets, 27; and nontraditional diet group without diet change, 0). Dogs in the nontraditional diet group that changed diets had a significantly greater decrease in normalized left ventricular diameter (diastolic, P = .02; systolic, P = .048) and the left atrium-to-aorta ratio (P = .002) and a significantly greater increase in fractional shortening (P = .02) compared to dogs eating traditional diets. Dogs eating nontraditional diets with diet change (n = 45; P < .001) and dogs eating traditional diets (12; P < .001) had a significantly longer survival time compared to dogs eating nontraditional diets without diet change (4). Dogs with DCM-C also had significant echocardiographic improvements after diet change.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Congestive heart failure and arrhythmias were common in pit bull–type breeds with DCM. Those eating nontraditional diets that changed diets had significant improvements in echocardiographic measurements after diet change.
Physical traits, performance data, and reproductive tract maturity score can be used to predict fertility and likelihood of early conception in beef replacement heifers consigned to a heifer development program in the southeastern United States
Authors: Credille Brent C. , Duggin Jason D. , Jones Arthur L. , Nyhuis Grace , Fontes Pedro L. P. , Stewart R. Lawton , Berghaus Roy D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To identify growth and reproductive measurements that can be used to select heifers with the potential to be more reproductively efficient.

SAMPLE
A total of 2,843 heifers consigned to the Georgia Heifer Evaluation and Reproductive Development program between 2012 and 2021 with a mean (min, max) age of heifers at delivery of 347 days (275, 404).

PROCEDURES
Reproductive tract maturity score (RTMS), weight at delivery as a percentage of target breeding weight, hip height 3 to 4 weeks after delivery, and average daily gain during the first 3 to 4 weeks after delivery were evaluated as potential predictors of the variables of interest.

RESULTS
The model-adjusted odds of pregnancy were 1.40 to 1.67 times higher for heifers with an RTMS of 3, 4, or 5 when compared to heifers with an RTMS of 1 or 2. For every 2.5-cm increase in hip height and every 1-month increase in age at the beginning of the breeding period the model-adjusted odds of pregnancy were 1.10 and 1.16 times higher, respectively. The model-adjusted pregnancy hazard rate for heifers with an RTMS of 3, 4, or 5 was 1.19 to 1.25 times higher than that of heifers with an RTMS of 1 or 2. For every 2.5-cm increase in hip height, the model-adjusted hazard rate for pregnancy was 1.04 times greater.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Physical traits related to animal maturity and attainment of early puberty can be used to select heifers that are more likely to become pregnant early in their first breeding season.
Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and their Effects on Ornamental Plants: A Review
Authors: D. Howland Amanda , Quintanilla Marisol 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Worldwide, the ornamental plant industry is estimated to be valued at $70 billion, with the United States’ ornamental plant industry valued at $4.8 billion in 2020. Ornamental plants are cultivated for numerous reasons worldwide, such as decorative, medicinal, social, and utility purposes, making the ornamental field a high growth industry. One of the main pathogen groups affecting the yield and growth of the ornamental plant industry is plant-parasitic nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that feed on plant parts causing significant yield loss. There are many kinds of plant-parasitic nematodes that affect ornamental plants, with the main genera being Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Paratylenchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Radopholus spp., Xiphinema spp., Trichodorus spp., Paratrichodorus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., and Longidorus spp. The aim of this review is to focus on the effects, hosts, and symptoms of these major plant-parasitic nematodes on ornamental plants and synthesize current management strategies in the ornamental plant industry.
Effect of Vicia sativa L. on Motility, Mortality and Expression Levels of hsp Genes in J2 Stage of Meloidogyne hapla
Authors: Dobosz Renata , Flis Łukasz , Bocianowski Jan , Malewski Tadeusz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Assuming that the seeds of Vicia sativa L. have a stressful effect on J2 stage Meloidogyne hapla, we undertook research on the effect of these seeds on the motility and mortality of J2 and determined the expression levels of selected hsp genes in J2. The assessment of the effect of V. sativa seeds on the motility of M. hapla specimens consisted of observing the movement of J2 immersed in a seed diffusate or in a tomato root filtrate at temperatures of 10, 17, and 21°C. In J2 treated with V. sativa (cv. Ina) seed diffusates, the expression level of hsp genes was determined by qPCR. J2 exposed to V. sativa diffusates were found to lose their motility, while their mortality did not exceed 30%. J2 in the seed diffusate were characterized by an increase in the expression levels of the Mh-hsp90, Mh-hsp1, and Mh-hsp43 genes. It is suggested that the hsp90 gene may be a potential bioindicator of the environmental impact on Meloidogyne nematodes. The impaired ability to move in J2 of M. hapla is attributable to the occurrence of V. sativa seeds in their habitat. These studies may contribute to developing methods of reducing crop damage caused by M. hapla.
Examining Industry 4.0 through the lens of human resource and knowledge management: Implications for SMEs
Authors: Csizmadia Tibor , Obermayer Nóra , Bogdány Eszter , Purnhauser Pál , Banász Zsuzsanna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The change caused by Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has fundamentally changed our lives and operations of organisations. The objective of the article is to reveal whether I4.0 implementation supports human workforces, knowledge sharing and knowledge storage in case of Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The data were obtained from 122 completed questionnaires out of 152 requests. The analysis is based on quantitative methodology, relationship analyses (Cramer’s V) were used. The study was conducted in 2021 with the participation of Hungarian SMEs’ leaders. Based on the results it can be concluded that the implementation of I4.0 technologies supports human workforces in SMEs. In addition, our study reveals that collaborative technologies and social media were implemented to support knowledge sharing in SMEs. At the same time, knowledge storage is not the primary purpose of implementing I4.0 technologies in SMEs. From a theoretical perspective, it contributes to enriching the empirical evidence on implementing I4.0 technologies and their impact on supporting human resources. From a practical point of view, the research identifies those I4.0 technologies that support SMEs in knowledge sharing. Collaborative technologies and social media can be implemented in order to advance the fields of Collaboration, Communication and Connecting. The originality of our research is given by the fact that, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the aspects of I4.0 technologies in terms of human resource and knowledge sharing and storage in Hungarian SMEs.