bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Composition of Yellow Pericarp Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moenech): A Review
Authors: Reddy K. Jaisimha , Bindu G. S. Madhu , Hussain S. A. , Devi M. Uma , Maheshwaramma S. 
Published: February 2023

Sorghum is a gluten-free cereal and forms the staple diet of a majority of the populations living in the semi-arid tropics. It was believed that food security attained through green revolution would solve India's nutritional issues. However, we have now realized that in these attempts, rice and wheat received a lot of policy attention, while other crops such as sorghum were neglected. This trend is frequently cited as one of the causes behind nutritional conundrum in India in which undernutrition and hidden hunger coexist. Sorghum grain contains pigmented pericarp (i.e., red, yellow, brown) and non-pigmented pericarp (i.e., white). Sorghum grains with yellow pericarp have gained greater demand in market during recent times owing to its nutritional importance, good roti making quality and keeping quality. The purpose of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of yellow pericarp sorghum in terms of its nutritional composition, and to compare the nutritional characteristics with white sorghum. From a nutritional perspective, a major advantage of sorghum as a healthy and nutritious crop is its higher proportion of slowly digestible and resistant starch components compared with other staple cereal crops. The nutritional composition of Sorghum bicolor grain includes energy (193 cal), moisture content (52%), protein (7.1 g), fat (0.6 g), carbohydrates (39.8 g), fiber (0.9 g), calcium (10 mg), iron (3.5 mg), and niacin (1.7 mg). Sorghum is a good source of minerals and vitamins and mostly located in aleurone layer and germ. It is an important source of B vitamins except for vitamin B12 and vitamin A. Research studies have proven that Yellow pericarp sorghum has relatively higher protein content (12-13%) than white sorghum (10-11%) and is rich in beta carotene, leutin and zeaxanthin. It is characterized by high carbohydrate, calcium, and zinc contents. Yellow pericarp sorghum is also rich in flavanones and has slightly higher total phenolic contents than white sorghum which act as antioxidants and play a crucial role in enhancing the immune system. Thus yellow pericarp sorghum can serve as a significant nutrient-rich cereal and could play a role in dietary diversification and a balanced diet as a means of addressing nutritional security in India.
Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Ultrasonography in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: El-Samea Manal Zaki Abd , Abdel-Razik Ahmed Mohamed , Saad Mohamed Atia , Eltomey Mohamed Adel , Hamza Mohamed Bassiony 
Published: February 2023

Background: Bronchiolitis is an acute viral respiratory illness that affects children younger than 24 months of age, with severe disease more common among infants from 1–3 months. The aim of the research was to investigate the correlation between diaphragmatic ultrasound parameters, with clinical scoring of acute bronchiolitis to evaluate their role in assessment of disease severity and to evaluate diaphragmatic ultrasound findings in patients with acute bronchiolitis.
Methods: This research was carried out on sixty infants aged from (one month to 2 years) at 1st attack of wheezy chest. According to clinical scoring cases were divided in to three groups: group (1): mild bronchiolitis with clinical scoring from (1-3) including 30 patients, group (2): Moderate bronchiolitis with clinical scoring (4-7) including 20 patient, and group (3): severe bronchiolitis with clinical scoring from (8-14) including 10 patients. All infants were subjected to chest X-ray, laboratory methods (Complete blood count and C-reactive protein), and clinical Scoring.
Results: There was a significant positive correlation between diaphragmatic excursion and length of hospital admission (r 0.395, p<0.00), a positive significant correlation between inspiratory slope and length of hospital admission. (r 0.439, p<0.001).
Conclusions: Lung ultrasonography may play a role in the evaluation and workup of babies with bronchiolitis in the emergency room, helping doctors identify infants who may require more intensive treatment. Ultrasound of the diaphragm appears to be an objective and valuable technique for assisting the clinician in evaluating and treating bronchiolitis.
Implementation of a Multimodal Knowledge-Exchange Platform to Provide Trauma Critical Care Education During the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine
Authors: Rovati Lucrezia , Zec Simon , Dziuba Dmytro , Masoodi Anna , Tekin Aysun , Zambrano Claudia Castillo , Brown Meghan , Khavryuchenko Oleksiy , Bugay Oleksandr , Khytryi Grygorii , Loskutov Oleg , Dong Yue , Gajic Ognjen , Niven Alexander S. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceThe conflict in Ukraine has forced civilian hospitals with limited trauma and battlefield medicine experience to care for casualties of war, placing significant strain on the health care system. Using the Checklist for Early Recognition and Treatment of Acute Illness and Injury (CERTAIN) program, a multimodal trauma critical care knowledge-exchange platform was created for clinicians practicing in these institutions.ObjectivesTo describe the development and implementation of the CERTAIN for Ukraine program and to evaluate the reach of this intervention, together with participant engagement and satisfaction.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis quality improvement study included clinicians caring for critically ill patients during the ongoing Ukrainian conflict who were part of a community developed using a messaging app. The program was implemented by a group of international trauma and critical care experts in collaboration with critical care leaders from the Shupyk National Healthcare University in Kyiv, Ukraine. This study evaluates data collected from the CERTAIN for Ukraine program from its launch on April 9, 2022, to August 31, 2022.InterventionsThe initiative comprised a longitudinal series of interactive tele-education sessions, a webpage containing the CERTAIN approach and current trauma critical care guidelines translated into Ukrainian and Russian, and a private messaging chat for asynchronous discussion.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipant engagement and satisfaction were tracked using multimedia analytics and a post-session survey.ResultsSince program launch, 838 participants have joined the messaging group, and 6 tele-education sessions have been delivered, with 1835 total views. The CERTAIN website has had 3527 visits, mainly from Ukraine (1378 [39%]) and the United States (1060 [30%]). Of the 74 completed postsession surveys, 65 respondents (88%) rated the course content excellent or very good, and 73 (99%) recommended it to others.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this quality improvement study indicate that, using widely available and low-cost platforms, knowledge was shared rapidly and efficiently to a large community of clinicians practicing in a wartime environment with broad-based engagement and a high level of learner satisfaction.
MR‐linac daily semi‐automated end‐to‐end quality control verification
Authors: Malkov Victor N. , Winter Jeff D. , Mateescu Dan , Létourneau Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeAdaptive radiation therapy (ART) on the integrated Elekta Unity magnetic resonance (MR)‐linac requires routine quality assurance to verify delivery accuracy and system data transfer. In this work, our objective was to develop and validate a novel automated end‐to‐end test suite that verifies data transfer between multiple software platforms and quantifies the performance of multiple machine subcomponents critical to the ART process.MethodsWe designed and implemented a software tool to quantify the MR and megavoltage (MV) isocenter coincidence, treatment couch positioning consistency, isocenter shift accuracy for the adapted plan as well as the MLC and jaw position accuracy following the beam aperture adaptation. Our tool employs a reference treatment plan with a simulated isocenter shift generated on an MR image of a readily available phantom with MR and MV visible fiducials. Execution of the test occurs within the standard adapt‐to‐position (ATP) clinical workflow with MV images collected of the delivered treatment fields. Using descriptive statistics, we quantified uncertainty in couch positioning, isocentre shift as well as the jaw and MLC positions of the adapted fields. We also executed sensitivity measurements to evaluate the detection algorithm's performance.ResultsWe report the results of 301 daily testing instances. We demonstrated consistent tracking of the MR‐to‐MV alignment with respect to the established value and to detect small changes on the order of 0.2 mm following machine service events. We found couch position consistency relative to the test baseline value was within 95% CI [–0.31, 0.26 mm]. For phantom shifts that form the basis for the plan adaptation, we found agreement between MV‐image‐detected phantom shift and online image registration, within ± 1.5 mm in all directions with a 95% CI difference of [–1.29, 0.79 mm]. For beam aperture adaptation accuracy, we found differences between the planned and detected jaw positions had a mean value of 0.27 mm and 95% CI of [–0.29, 0.82 mm] and –0.17 mm and 95% CI of [–0.37, 0.05 mm] for the MLC positions. Automated fiducial detected accuracy was within 0.08 ± 0.20 mm of manual localization. Introduced jaw and MLC position errors (1–10 mm) were detected within 0.55 mm (within 1 mm for 15/256 instances for the jaws). Phantom shifts (1.3 or 5 mm in each cardinal direction) from a reference position were detected within 0.26 mm.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the accuracy and sensitivity of a daily end‐to‐end test suite capable of detecting errors in multiple machine subcomponents including system data transfer. Our test suite evaluates the entire treatment workflow and has captured system communication issues prior to patient treatment. With automated processing and the use of a standard vendor‐provided phantom, it is possible to expand to other Unity sites.
A One‐Stone‐Two‐Birds Strategy for Osteochondral Regeneration Based on a 3D Printable Biomimetic Scaffold with Kartogenin Biochemical Stimuli Gradient
Authors: Wei Wenying , Liu Wenbin , Kang Haifei , Zhang Xiangke , Yu Ran , Liu Jiawei , Huang Kai , Zhang Yiqian , Xie Mingsheng , Hu Yihe , Dai Honglian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOsteochondral defect (OCD) regeneration remains challenging because of the hierarchy of the native tissue including both the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. Constructing an osteochondral scaffold with biomimetic composition, structure, and biological functionality is the key to achieve its high‐quality repair. In the present study, an injectable and 3D printable bilayered osteochondral hydrogel based on compositional gradient of methacrylated sodium alginate, gelatin methacryloyl, andβ‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), as well as the biochemical gradient of kartogenin (KGN) in the two well‐integrated zones of chondral layer hydrogel (CLH) and osseous layer hydrogel (OLH) is developed. In vitro and subcutaneous in vivo evaluations reveal that apart from the chondrogenesis of the embedded bone mesenchymal stem cells induced by CLH with a high concentration of KGN, a low concentration of KGN withβ‐TCP in the OLH synergistically achieves superior osteogenic differentiation by endochondral ossification, instead of the intramembranous ossification using OLH with onlyβ‐TCP. The biomimetic construct leveraging KGN as the only biochemical inducer can facilitate cartilage and subchondral bone restoration in the in vivo osteochondral defect. This one‐stone‐two‐birds strategy opens up a new facile approach for OCD regeneration by exploiting the biological functions of the bioactive drug molecule KGN.
Systemic artery to pulmonary artery aneurysm malformations associated with variants at MCF2L
Authors: Mitchell S. E. , Martin R. P. , Terry P. , Drant S. E. , Valle D. , Dietz H. , Sobreira N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArteriovenous malformations (AVM) are characterized by abnormal vessels connecting arteries and veins resulting in a disruption of normal blood flow. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is the most common cause of pulmonary AVM characterized by a right to left shunt. Here we describe a distinct malformation where the flow of blood was from a systemic artery to the pulmonary artery (PA) resulting in a left to right shunt instead of the right to left shunt seen in individuals with HHT. This distinct malformation was identified in seven probands, one from a multiplex family containing 10 affected individuals from five generations. To identify the molecular basis of this distinct malformation, we performed exome sequencing (ES) on the seven probands and the affected paternal female cousin from the multiplex family. PhenoDB was used to prioritize candidate causative variants along with burden analysis. We describe the clinical and radiological details of the new systemic artery to PA malformation with or without pulmonary artery aneurysm (SA‐PA(A)) and recommend distinct treatment techniques. Moreover, ES analysis revealed possible causative variants identified in three families with variants in a novel candidate disease gene, MCF2L. Further functional studies will be necessary to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved on SA‐PA(A) malformation, however our findings suggest that MCF2L is a novel disease gene associated with SA‐PA(A).
Promotion of Joint Degeneration and Chondrocyte Metabolic Dysfunction by Excessive Growth Hormone in Mice
Authors: Zhu Shouan , Liu Huanhuan , Davis Trent , Willis Craig R. G. , Basu Reetobrata , Witzigreuter Luke , Bell Stephen , Szewczyk Nathaniel , Lotz Martin K. , Hill Marcheta , Fajardo Roberto J. , O'Connor Patrick M. , Berryman Darlene E. , Kopchick John J. 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveMany patients with acromegaly, a hormonal disorder with excessive growth hormone (GH) production, report pain in joints. We undertook this study to characterize the joint pathology of mice with overexpression of bovine GH (bGH) or a GH receptor antagonist (GHa) and to investigate the effect of GH on regulation of chondrocyte cellular metabolism.MethodsKnee joints from mice overexpressing bGH or GHa and wild‐type (WT) control mice were examined using histology and micro–computed tomography for osteoarthritic (OA) pathologies. Additionally, cartilage from bGH mice was used for metabolomics analysis. Mouse primary chondrocytes from bGH and WT mice, with or without pegvisomant treatment, were used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Seahorse respirometry analyses.ResultsBoth male and female bGH mice at ~13 months of age had increased knee joint degeneration, which was characterized by loss of cartilage structure, expansion of hypertrophic chondrocytes, synovitis, and subchondral plate thinning. The joint pathologies were also demonstrated by significantly higher Osteoarthritis Research Society International and Mankin scores in bGH mice compared to WT control mice. Metabolomics analysis revealed changes in a wide range of metabolic pathways in bGH mice, including beta‐alanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, lysine degradation, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Also, bGH chondrocytes up‐regulated fatty acid oxidation and increased expression of Col10a. Joints of GHa mice were remarkably protected from developing age‐associated joint degeneration, with smooth articular joint surface.ConclusionThis study showed that an excessive amount of GH promotes joint degeneration in mice, which was associated with chondrocyte metabolic dysfunction and hypertrophic changes, whereas antagonizing GH action through a GHa protects mice from OA development.
Enzymatic Substrate Inhibition in Metal Free Catecholase Activity
Authors: Pal Kuntal , Barman Souvik , Bag Jayanta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe catecholase activities were routinely modeled using transition metal complexes as catalyst and in some case basic pH were used as a reaction condition. In this article, the catalytic aerobic oxidation of proxy substrate 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol (DTBC) in methanol using triethylamine/diethylamine as catalyst was demonstrated as a functional mimic of catecholase activity. The kinetic manifestation of DTBC oxidation was explained as enzymatic substrate inhibition pattern in Michaelis‐Menten kinetic model. The mechanistic insight of the aerobic oxidation of DTBC was further validated using various spectroscopic techniques and DFT methods.
Gas Holdup and Flow Regimes in a Thin‐Gap Bubble Column with Newtonian and Non‐Newtonian Liquid Phase
Authors: Haydar Abdallah , Blel Walid , Marec Hélène , Gentric Caroline 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe influence of confinement and rheological properties of the liquid phase on the gas holdup and flow regimes in a 2 mm gap bubble column intended as an intensified photobioreactor at high cell concentration is investigated. The results indicate that at a given superficial gas velocity (UGsup), the gas holdup is higher with viscous or non‐Newtonian (nN) fluids than in water and also in a thin‐gap column than in an unconfined one. This behavior increases when confinement ratio increases. Regime transitions occur at lower UGsup for nN fluids compared to water and for a thin‐gap column compared to classical columns. This information constitutes a first step toward the identification of optimal operating conditions for efficient operation of microalgae culture.
Comparison of in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors of R‐ and S‐flurbiprofen after intravenous injection of flurbiprofen axetil
Authors: He Yan , Qin Mengdi , Li Mo , Zhi Defu , Tian Baocheng , Qin Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlurbiprofen axetil (FA) is a prodrug of flurbiprofen (FP), and it is hydrolyzed to the active FP by carboxylesterase in plasma after intravenous injection. The pharmacological action of FP is closely related to its chirality, and S‐FP shows better analgesic effects than R‐FP. Therefore, it is of great significance to compare the in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors of R‐FP and S‐FP. In this study, we designed a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method and used CHIRALPAK‐IG3 column for chiral separation to quantify the concentrations of R‐FP and S‐FP in rat plasma. The results show that this method can accurately and effectively analyze the contents of R‐FP and S‐FP in plasma. In addition, the systemic exposure was approximately 3.09‐folds for the S‐FP compared with the R‐FP following intravenous administration of the FA to rats at a single dose of 4.5 mg/kg. More importantly, the clearance rate of S‐FP is significantly smaller than that of R‐FP. Therefore, the development of S‐FA injectable emulsion for clinical treatment of postoperative pain is very necessary.
Self‐assembly of chiral diketopyrrolopyrrole chromophores giving supramolecular chains in monolayers and twisted microtapes
Authors: Humphreys Joshua , Killalea C. Elizabeth , Pop Flavia , Davies E. Stephen , Siligardi Giuliano , Amabilino David B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChiral diketopyrrolopyrroles appended with enantiomeric ethyl lactate functions through an ether linkage to the aryl backbone of the chromophore were synthesized via the Mitsunobu reaction. The molecules have good solubility and excellent optical properties, high molar absorption coefficients, and fluorescence quantum yields. Helical aggregates with circular dichroism arising from the supramolecular arrangement are seen in both solution and thin films, and the aggregates also display circularly polarized luminescence (glum ≈ ±0.1). The molecules assemble to give monolayers on graphite and precipitate from solution forming supramolecular twisted tapes hundreds of microns long.
Debottlenecking of an In Vitro Enzyme Cascade Using a Combined Model‐ and Experiment‐Based Approach
Authors: Siedentop Regine , Dziennus Marlon , Lütz Stephan , Rosenthal Katrin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesigning a feasible in vitro enzyme cascade is a challenging task that is often preceded by optimization steps. Computational methods can increase the efficiency of the optimization process by providing a deeper insight into the system. In this study, bottlenecks of a farnesyl pyrophosphate‐producing in vitro enzyme cascade were determined by a combination of in silico modeling and wet‐lab experiments. ATP and the precursor‐isomerizing enzyme isopentenyl diphosphate δ‐isomerase were identified as limitations of the in vitro enzyme cascade.
Gas‐ und Flüssigkeitsanalysatoren auf der ACHEMA 2022
Authors: Fabinski Walter , Finken Ferdinand , Högenauer Dominik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAuf der ACHEMA als weltgrößte Fachmesse für Mess‐ und Automatisierungstechnik in der industriellen Produktion wurden auch diesmal wieder Neuigkeiten aus dem Gebiet der Gas‐ und Flüssigkeitsanalyse gezeigt. Wegen der Pandemie gab es einen Rückgang bei der Zahl der Aussteller von 41 % und bei den Besuchern von 56 % bezogen auf 2018. Auffallend war, dass zwei große Namen der Branche mit eigenen Ständen fehlten: ABB und Siemens. Die Veranstalter der ACHEMA teilten mit, dass die Aussteller mit der Messe und den Besucherkontakten zufrieden gewesen seien; die nächste ACHEMA wird im Juni 2024 stattfinden. In diesem Bericht wird über die beobachteten Trends und Produktneuheiten informiert.
Diet can alter the cost of resistance to a natural parasite in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Jiranek Juliana , Gibson Amanda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResistance to parasites confers a fitness advantage, yet hosts show substantial variation in resistance in natural populations. Evolutionary theory indicates that resistant and susceptible genotypes can coexist if resistance is costly, but there is mixed evidence that resistant individuals have lower fitness in the absence of parasites. One explanation for this discrepancy is that the cost of resistance varies with environmental context. We tested this hypothesis using Caenorhabditis elegans and its natural microsporidian parasite, Nematocida ironsii. We used multiple metrics to compare the fitness of two near‐isogenic host genotypes differing at regions associated with resistance to N. ironsii. To quantify the effect of the environment on the cost associated with these known resistance regions, we measured fitness on three microbial diets. We found that the cost of resistance varied with both diet and the measure of fitness. We detected no cost to resistance, irrespective of diet, when fitness was measured as fecundity. However, we detected a cost when fitness was measured in terms of population growth, and the magnitude of this cost varied with diet. These results provide a proof of concept that, by mediating the cost of resistance, environmental context may govern the rate and nature of resistance evolution in heterogeneous environments.