bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of habitat characteristics on the occupancy and dispersal of two headwater fishes in a dendritic network
Authors: Hubbell Joshua P. , Schaefer Jacob F. , Kreiser Brian R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe bifurcating configuration of stream networks impacts the connectivity of patches and therefore influences the effects of habitat variables on dispersal and occupancy. In this study, we developed a comparative framework to explore the influence of environmental and anthropogenic variables on the dispersal and occupancy of two headwater darters, the Yazoo darter (Etheostoma raneyi) and goldstripe darter (Etheostoma parvipinne). We conducted our study in two subbasins that are nested within a larger Gulf Coastal Plain drainage in the southeastern United States. We examined patterns of occupancy using detection data collected within standardized stream reaches within the larger subbasin. Genotype by sequencing identified single nucleotide polymorphisms, which we then used to calculate genetic distance among samples obtained from localities distributed across both subbasins. Goldstripe darter and Yazoo darter occupancy were both best modeled by a single environmental variable (Yazoo darter: well depth; goldstripe darter: drainage area). Similarly, model rankings suggested that well depth explained a substantial amount of the variability in Yazoo darter genetic distance in this subbasin. However, we found no evidence that drainage area strongly affected goldstripe darter genetic distance within the larger subbasin. Our findings also suggested that the best predictors of Yazoo darter and goldstripe darter genetic distance differed between the two subbasins, and that variation in goldstripe darter genetic distance in the smaller subbasin was largely a consequence of anthropogenic variables. The comparative approach we used in this study suggests that the habitat variables regulating the dispersal and occupancy of some headwater fishes may differ, thus the use of site‐occupancy models to predict the dispersal habitat of these fishes may be inappropriate. Therefore, we suggest that understanding the effects of habitat variables regulating dispersal and occupancy may be crucial to understanding the metapopulation dynamics of headwater fishes.
Putting the power back in empowerment: Stakeholder perspectives on community empowerment in energy transformations
Authors: Coy Dominique , Malekpour Shirin , Saeri Alexander K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnergy systems are rapidly transforming towards sustainability, involving significant realignments in social, economic and political systems. New actors such as communities are seeking empowerment to engage in transformations. A range of actors has applied the concept of empowerment in energy transformations to signify different ideas for how communities can engage with energy. As such, its meaning is shaped by ambiguities, uncertainties and contestations. Traditionally, a neoliberal discourse has framed empowerment in energy, resulting in a hollowing of the term and questions around what it means, to whom and in which contexts. This paper contributes to this debate by unpacking empowerment in energy transformations in the context of community energy initiatives. Building on interviews and multicriteria mapping techniques, this paper concludes that all energy stakeholders prefer the strongest options for empowerment. However, empowerment is a co‐produced phenomenon revealing a role for all stakeholders in its cultivation. Embracing diverse understandings of empowerment has implications for how governance can facilitate community empowerment in energy transformations.
Life cycle assessment of Moringa oleifera derived biodiesel: Energy efficiency, CO2 intensity and environmental impacts
Authors: Amouri Mohammed , Zaïd Toudert Ahmed , Aziza Majda , Zandouche Ouahid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper performs a thorough cradle to tank life cycle assessment to examine environmental impacts of Moringa oleifera derived biodiesel. Attributional LCA according to ISO 14040‐44, using CML‐IA baseline method, was conducted. Furthermore, Biodiesel versus petrodiesel comparison was undertaken.Moringa oleifera derived biodiesel shows a GWP of 39.94 gCO2eq/MJ of biodiesel, which presents a reduction of 52.34%, compared to petrodiesel. It revealed an EROEI value of 1.48, which can reach 3.20 with allocation applying, presenting an energy saving over petrodiesel of 53%. In addition, Ozone layer depletion impact of Moringa based biodiesel is lower than that of petrodiesel. This good performance notwithstanding, Moringa oleifera derived biodiesel exhibits high environmental impacts in terms of Abiotic Depletion of elements, Human Toxicity, Fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, Marine aquatic ecotoxicity, Terrestrial ecotoxicity, Acidification, Eutrophication, respectively, 96.60%, 60.22%, 82.13%, 64.77%, 98.71%, 35.68% and 76.70% higher than those of petrodiesel. Nevertheless, coproducts valorization and ecofriendly inputs use could contribute efficiently to improve its environmental performances compared to petrodiesel.According to our results and comparison with other feedstocks based biodiesel, Moringa biodiesel could be used as a sustainable biofuel with a high contribution to climate change mitigation and fossil energy savings in addition to reduced environmental impacts.
Optimization of ultrasonic Bath and cold plasma pre‐treatments in the spearmint essential oil isolation process
Authors: Moradi‐Sadr Jalil , Ebadi Mohammad‐Taghi , Ayyari Mahdi , Ghomi Hamidreza 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpearmint essential oil (SEO), one of the economically valuable natural products, has special importance in the food, pharmaceutical, and perfumery industries due to its antifungal, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties. In this study, we optimized and evaluated the effect of three pre‐treatments on the extraction of SEO for quantity and quality: ultrasonic bath (UB), water to material ratio‐ultrasonic bath (W/M‐UB), and cold plasma‐ultrasonic bath (CP‐UB). Three experiments were designed using the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Experimental treatments included UB temperature (30–80°C) and time duration (1–30 min), cold plasma (CP) power (15–24 kV), and water/material ratio (10–40). Then, SEOs were extracted by hydro‐distillation using the Clevenger apparatus. The results showed that SEO yield in the optimal conditions of treatments was 119.7%, 206.6%, and 155.7% higher in UB, W/M‐UB, and CP‐UB pretreatments respectively, in comparison to control sample and optimized conditions were UB temperature: 37.3°C and UB time: 5.2 min at UB treatment, 33.9 of W/M ratio, 69.9°C of UB temperature and 6.9 min of UB time at W/M‐UB treatment and CP power: 22.176, UB temperature: 40.135 and UB time: 24.122 at CP‐UB treatment. Oxygenated monoterpenes were also higher in the essential oils (EOs) of all three treated plant materials. In conclusion, the SEO extraction yield improved by the application of the pretreatments in optimized conditions.
The MOE Modification of RNA: Origins and Widescale Impact on the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Field
Authors: Hill Alyssa C. , Hall Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn an article published by Helvetica Chimica Acta in 1995, chemist P. Martin describes the synthesis of 2′‐O‐alkylated ribonucleosides for use in therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). This work was motivated by the need for a modified ribose structure that was compatible with solid‐phase synthesis protocols and that, when incorporated into an oligonucleotide, would render it resistant to nucleases without attenuating its ability to hybridize to a complementary RNA target. Martin described a robust route to 2′‐O‐alkylribonucleosides in which the ribose 2′‐OH group is substituted with 2′‐ethylene glycol derivatives. Oligonucleotides containing these modifications displayed überraschende Eigenschaften – ‘surprising properties’ – notably, higher affinity and specificity for RNA substrates and greater stability to nucleases relative to their unmodified counterparts. Today, the 2′‐ethylene glycol modification is universally known in the field as the 2′‐O‐methoxyethyl (MOE) modification. The chemistry features in four ASO drugs and many others in clinical trials. Here, we 1) summarize the synthesis of the MOE‐modified ribose; 2) outline the properties of MOE‐modified oligonucleotides as reported in Martin’s article; 3) highlight the first approved MOE‐modified ASO drugs, mipomersen and nusinersen; and 4) survey MOE‐modified ASOs in clinical development. In the outlook, we put these developments into context and consider future possibilities for the MOE modification.
Immune profile of healthcare professionals six months after vaccination or exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 in Angola
Authors: Sebastião Cruz S. , Sacomboio Euclides , Francisco Ngiambudulu M. , Cassinela Edson K. , Mateus António , David Zinga , Paixão Joana , Vasconcelos Jocelyne Neto de , Morais Joana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is a public health concern. Until 2021, more than 2 million cumulative deaths were reported worldwide. Herein, we investigated the immune profile of healthcare professionals 6 months after vaccination or exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 in Angola.MethodsThis was a prospective study conducted with 1068 Angolan healthcare professionals between August and December 2021. Participants were screened for the presence of IgG and IgM against SARS‐CoV‐2.ResultsAbout 9.6% and 98.2% of the participants had prior exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 or vaccination against it, respectively. Participants aged between 20 and 40 years (11.2%), female (12.4%), with higher educational level (12.8%), from Luanda (60.3%), and nonhealthcare professionals (8.1%) were the most affected by the SARS‐CoV‐2. Gender, education, and local residence were related to SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure (p < 0.05). About 7.3% and 98% of the exposed population developed IgM and IgG after 3 months of exposure, respectively. The AstraZeneca vaccine was the most used, followed by the Jonhson & Johnson and Sputinik. Almost all (98%) participants vaccinated with AstraZeneca had immunity >3 months. Individuals who received only the first dose regardless of the type of vaccine had a higher immunity duration (>3 months) than those who received two doses. For individuals who received the Sputnik and Johnson, the average immunity was lower (<3 months), especially among those who were older (over 40 years old) and exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2.ConclusionWe observed a high adherence rate to vaccination and a long immunity duration. The immunity duration depended on the type of vaccine. Further studies on the immunity profile in the population exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 must be carried out in the general population from Angola to assess antibody‐waning periods.
Ontology characterization, enrichment analysis, and similarity calculation‐based evaluation of disease–syndrome–formula associations by applying SoFDA
Authors: Liu Yudong , Xu Jia , Yu Zecong , Chen Tong , Wang Ning , Du Xia , Wang Ping , Zhou Xuezhong , Xu Haiyu , Zhang Yanqiong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClinical symptom‐based diagnosis and therapy play a crucial role in personalized medicine and drug discovery. The syndromes, distinctive groups of clinical symptoms summarized by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories and clinical experiences, are used as the core diagnostic criteria and therapeutic guidance in TCM. However, there is still a lack of standardized data, information, and intrinsic molecular basis to help TCM syndromes better classify diseases and guide tailored medications. To address this problem, we built the first integrated web platform, SoFDA (http://www.tcmip.cn/Syndrome/front/), with a curated ontology of 319 TCM syndromes, 8045 diseases, and 1359 TCM herbal formulas and their relationships with genes, diseases, and formulas. This platform proposed an association measurement by calculating Jaccard/Cosine similarities between TCM syndromes and their related biomedical entities with case and control validations. On this basis, the SoFDA platform enables biomedical and pharmaceutical scientists to rank and filter the most promising associations for disease diagnosis and tailored interventions. Conversely, the targeted gene sets and symptom sets can also be associated with TCM syndromes, formulas, and diseases for function illustration. Notably, SoFDA explores the multi‐way associations among diseases, TCM syndromes, symptom genes, herbal formulas, drug targets, and pathways in heterogeneous biomedical networks with lots of customization. The protocol here implements all the analyses above using the SoFDA platform. Collectively, SoFDA may provide insights into the biological basis of disease‐specific TCM syndromes and the underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as a tailored treatment for single or multiple symptoms within a syndrome.
The effect of smartphone filming on student confidence in dental anesthesia techniques: A randomized trial
Authors: Uppgaard Rachel , Huang Boyen , Johnson Annika , Lynn Sarah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the effect of individualized smartphone‐recorded video review on dental student confidence in performing local anesthesia (LA) techniques, in a manikin‐based simulation environment.MethodsAll University of Minnesota second‐year dental students were invited to participate in this randomized trial developed following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement, in 2020. With a parallel trial design, 104 students were randomly divided into two groups (52 per group) prior to the learning experience. Students and researchers were not blinded to group assignments. All students learned LA techniques in the same manikin‐based simulation setting. The experimental group incorporated individualized smartphone filming into simulation training, and the control group did not. A paper‐based questionnaire with 19 5‐point Likert scale questions assessed the students’ self‐rated confidence levels in LA techniques before, immediately after, and approximately one month after the training.ResultsThe final sample included 45 students in the experimental group (48.4%) and 48 in the control group (51.6%). In both groups, student confidence in performing LA techniques increased after completion of the training (p < 0.001), with no harm reported. The experimental group reported greater confidence in inferior alveolar nerve injection (p = 0.038), and in local anesthetic administration rate (p = 0.029), compared with the control group.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the incorporation of smartphone‐recorded video review in simulation training is beneficial for learning LA techniques. Further investigation on teaching methods to enhance student confidence and performance in LA administration is indicated.
Muscle architecture and muscle fibre type composition in the forelimb of two African mole‐rat species, Bathyergus suillus and Heterocephalus glaber
Authors: Sahd Lauren , Doubell Narusa , Bennett Nigel C. , Kotzé Sanet H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe scratch‐digging Cape dune mole‐rat (Bathyergus suillus), and the chisel‐toothed digging naked mole‐rat (Heterocephalus glaber) are African mole‐rats that differ in their digging strategy. The aim of this study was to determine if these behavioural differences are reflected in the muscle architecture and fibre‐type composition of the forelimb muscles. Muscle architecture parameters of 39 forelimb muscles in both species were compared. Furthermore, muscle fibre type composition of 21 forelimb muscles were analysed using multiple staining protocols. In B. suillus, muscles involved with the power stroke of digging (limb retractors and scapula elevators), showed higher muscle mass percentage, force output and shortening capacity compared to those in H. glaber. Additionally, significantly higher percentages of glycolytic fibres were observed in the scapular elevators and digital flexors of B. suillus compared to H. glaber, suggesting that the forelimb muscles involved in digging in B. suillus provide fast, powerful motions for effective burrowing. In contrast, the m. sternohyoideus a head and neck flexor, had significantly more oxidative fibres in H. glaber compared to B. suillus. In addition, significantly greater physiological cross‐sectional area and fascicle length values were seen in the neck flexor, m. sternocleidomastoideus, in H. glaber compared to B. suillus, which indicates a possible adaptation for chisel‐tooth digging. While functional demands may play a significant role in muscle morphology, the phylogenetic differences between the two species may play an additional role which needs further study.
Modified free gingival graft technique for treatment of gingival recession defects at mandibular incisors: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Carcuac Olivier , Trullenque‐Eriksson Anna , Derks Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and patient‐reported outcomes following surgical root coverage at RT1 gingival recession defects at mandibular incisors, using either a conventional free gingival graft (FGG) or a modified FGG (ModFGG).MethodsTotal of 30 patients with RT1 gingival recessions at mandibular incisors were enrolled and randomly allocated to either a control (FGG) or test group (ModFGG). Evaluations of clinical changes (recession depth, height of keratinized tissue) and patient satisfaction were performed over a follow‐up period of 12 months. Post‐surgical changes of keratinized tissue height (shrinkage) were assessed from 1 month and onward.ResultsModFGG resulted in more pronounced root coverage at 1 year compared to FGG (91.8% vs. 60.7%, p < 0.001). Height of keratinized tissue was improved by 4.2 and 2.2 mm (p < 0.001), respectively, with significantly less shrinkage in ModFGG. Post‐surgical morbidity was significantly lower for ModFGG at 2 weeks and patient satisfaction was significantly higher 12 months after treatment (9.1 vs. 5.4; p < 0.001).ConclusionsModFGG represents a valid approach for the management of RT1 recession defects at mandibular incisors. The technique is superior to traditional FGG in terms of root coverage, the gain of keratinized tissue height, and patient satisfaction.
Rheological and thermal properties of reinforced monoglyceride‐carnauba wax oleogels
Authors: Pakseresht Somaye , Tehrani Mostafa Mazaheri , Farhoosh Reza , Koocheki Arash 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDOleogels can be used in the food industry to reduce the consumption of solid fat in the human diet and diminish some of the industrial–technological issues of using oil instead of fat. Regarding the structural weakness of neat monoglyceride oleogel and the waxy mouthfeel of pure carnauba wax oleogel, as a result of the high melting and crystallization points, the present study aimed to diminish these defects.RESULTSCarnauba wax (CBW) was used as a co‐gelator with distilled monoglyceride (DMG) at different weight ratios (100:0, 85:15, 70:30, 55:45, 40:60, and 0:100) (DMG: CBW) and two total gelator concentrations (50 and 100 g kg−1) to improve the DMG oleogel characteristics. The addition of CBW strengthened the DMG network and decreased the polymorphic transition. Thermal analysis showed just co‐crystallization at the 85:15 ratio, whereas, in the other combinations, high melting components of CBW crystalized at first. As a result of the crystal homogeneity and long‐time development, the oleogel properties improved at the 85:15 ratio. The low concentration of CBW and the formation of the eutectic system were efficient in the waxy mouthfeel reduction of oleogel at the 85:15 ratio in food applications.CONCLUSIONThe DMG/CBW oleogel at the 85:15 ratio, with better structural and sensorial properties than DMG and CBW oleogels, respectively, has the potential for use instead of fat in food formulations. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Salvage surgery in lung cancer following definitive therapies
Authors: Eisenberg Michael , Deboever Nathaniel , Antonoff Mara B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSalvage surgery refers to operative resection of persistent or recurrent disease in patients initially treated with intention‐to‐cure nonoperative management. In non‐small‐cell lung cancer, salvage surgery may be effective in treating selected patients with locally progressive tumors, recurrent local or locoregional disease, or local complications after nonoperative therapy. Importantly, those patients who may be candidates for salvage surgery are evolving, in terms of disease stage as well as the types of attempted definitive therapy received.
What has the past taught us about the future in esophageal cancer? Personal reflections
Authors: Lerut Toni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the first successful esophagectomy for cancer in 1913 spectacular advancements have been made in diagnosis, staging, and therapy. Refinement of imaging, surgery, perioperative management together with multidisciplinary collaboration are the cornerstones. Today therapy with curative option is offered to more patients than ever. Further innovations in imaging, molecular biology, genetics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, nanotechnology will have an increasing impact. The end result being a unique therapeutic plan shaped on each patient's individual profile.
Disparities in thoracic surgical oncology
Authors: Williams Brittney M. , McAllister Miles , Erkmen Cherie , Mody Gita N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDisparities in access and outcomes of thoracic surgical oncology are long standing. This article examines the patient, population, and systems‐level factors that contribute to these disparities and inequities. The need for research and policy to identify and solve these problems is apparent. As leaders in the field of thoracic oncology, surgeons will be instrumental in narrowing these gaps and moving the discipline forward.
The role of surveillance and salvage esophagectomy in previously treated esophageal cancer
Authors: Theeuwen Hailey , Atay Scott M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEsophageal cancer remains a significant cause of cancer‐related mortality among men and women in the United States. The utility of surgery, as either an immediate or delayed resection in the form of esophagectomy following neoadjuvant therapy in local‐regionally advanced esophageal cancer, remains controversial. While neoadjuvant therapy followed by immediate surgery is a guideline‐concordant treatment, emerging data suggests that active surveillance with delayed resection at the time of local‐regional recurrence may be considered.
The oncologic efficacy of extended resections for lung cancer
Authors: Etienne Harry , Kalt Fabian , Park Samina , Opitz Isabelle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExtended lung resections for T3–T4 non‐small‐cell lung cancer remain challenging. Multimodal management is mandatory in multidisciplinary tumor boards, and here the determination of resectability is key. Long‐term oncologic efficacy depends mostly on complete resection (R0) and the extent of N2 disease. The development of novel innovative treatments (targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors) sets interesting perspectives to reinforce current therapeutic options in the induction and adjuvant setting.