bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual-comb spectroscopy from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared region based on high-order harmonic generation
Authors: Di Yuanfeng , Zuo Zhong , Peng Daowang , Luo Daping , Gu Chenglin , Li Wenxue 
Published: May 2023

Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) has revolutionized numerous spectroscopic applications due to its high spectral resolution and fast measurement speed. Substantial efforts have been made to obtain a coherent dual-comb source at various spectral regions through nonlinear frequency conversion, where the preservation of coherence has become a problem of great importance. In this study, we report the generation of coherent dual-comb sources covering from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared region based on high-order harmonic generation. Driven by high-repetition-rate femtosecond mid-infrared dual-comb pump pulses, up to ninth-order harmonic was generated from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared region using an aperiodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. To investigate the coherence property of the high-order harmonic generation, DCS was performed at every generated spectral region from 450 to 3600 nm. The measured dual-comb spectra with distinctive tooth-resolved structures show the well-preserved coherence without apparent degradation after the cascaded quadratic nonlinear processes. The subsequent methane absorption spectroscopy at multiple spectral regions of different harmonics was carried out to characterize the spectroscopic capability of the system. These results demonstrate the potential of our scheme to generate compact and coherent broadband optical frequency combs for simultaneous multi-target detections.
Local characterization of the polarization state of 3D electromagnetic fields: an alternative approach
Authors: Martínez-Herrero Rosario , Maluenda David , Aviñoá Marcos , Carnicer Artur , Juvells Ignasi , Sanz Ángel S. 
Published: May 2023

A precise knowledge of the polarization state of light is crucial in technologies that involve the generation and application of structured light fields. The implementation of efficient methods to determine and characterize polarization states is mandatory; more importantly, these structured light fields must be at any spatial location at a low expense. Here, we introduce a new characterization method that relies on a rather convenient description of electric fields without neglecting their 3D nature. This method is particularly suitable for highly focused fields, which exhibit important polarization contributions along their propagation direction in the neighborhood of the focal region; i.e., the contributions out of the planes transverse to the optical axis, conventionally used to specify the polarization state of these fields. As shown, the method allows the extraction of information about the three field components at relatively low computational and experimental costs. Furthermore, it also allows characterization of the polarization state of a field in a rather simple manner. To check the feasibility and reliability of the method, we determined both analytically and experimentally the local polarization states for a series of benchmark input fields with it, finding excellent agreement between the theory and experiment.
Association between intra-abdominal injured organs and abdominal compartment syndrome in patients with severe blunt trauma: A propensity score matched study using nationwide trauma registry in Japan
Authors: Komori Akira , Iriyama Hiroki , Kainoh Takako , Aoki Makoto , Abe Toshikazu 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) after blunt abdominal trauma is a rare complication that requires early recognition and subsequent surgical intervention for optimal outcome. We aimed to investigate how differences in injured abdominal organs affect ACS development in patients with severe blunt abdominal trauma.

Methods
This nested case-control study used a nationwide registry of trauma patients, namely, the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB), and only included patients aged ≥ 18 years with blunt severe abdominal trauma, defined as an AIS score of abdomen ≥ 3, sustained between 2004 and 2017. Patients without ACS were used as control subjects and identified using propensity score (PS) matching. Characteristics and outcomes between patients with and without ACS were compared and logistic regression was used to identify specific risk factors for ACS.

Results
Among 294,274 patients in the JTDB, 11,220 were eligible for inclusion before PS matching, and 150 (1.3%) developed ACS after trauma. PS matching led to the inclusion of 131 and 655 patients with and without ACS, respectively. Compared to controls, patients with ACS had higher number of injured organs in the abdomen and displayed a greater frequency of vascular and pancreatic injuries, need for blood transfusion, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, a complication of ACS. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with ACS than those without ACS (51.1% vs. 26.0%, p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher number of injured organs in the abdomen [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]): 1.76 (1.23–2.53)] and pancreatic injury [OR (95% CI): 1.53 (1.03–2.27)] were independently associated with ACS.

Conclusions
Greater number of injured organs in abdomen and pancreatic injury are independent risk factors for the development of ACS.
PZ77: A Town a Time a Tribe, Simon Parker (2022)
Authors: Bestley Russ 
Published: May 2023

Review of: PZ77: A Town a Time a Tribe, Simon Parker (2022)
Penzance: Scryfa of Linkinhorne, 392 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-83847-183-5, p/bk, £12.00
Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
Authors: Mo Li-Juan , Wang Han-Min , Zhou Huan-Ming , Huang Li , Gui Yan-Xiang , Li Qing-Song 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to determine the ultrastructural changes in collagen fibrils in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking using riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) light at an irradiation intensity of 45 mW/cm2. Conjunctival crosslinking may increase conjunctival stiffness. The supertemporal quadrants of the right eyes of 24 adult rabbits were treated with a topical riboflavin solution (0.25%) before irradiation with UVA light at 45 mW/cm2for 4 min. After 3 weeks, the collagen fibrils in fibril bundles were examined by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of collagen I and collagen III in the rabbits’ conjunctiva. The diameter of the collagen fibrils in the fibril bundles varied slightly, ranging from 30 to 60 nm in the conjunctival stroma of the control group. In the treatment group, the diameter of collagen fibrils ranged from 60 to 90 nm. The thickest collagen fibrils were observed in the treatment group (up to 90 nm in diameter). In contrast, those in the conjunctival stroma of the control group were considerably smaller (up to 60 nm in diameter). However, thicknesses of collagen fibrils displayed a unimodal distribution. Both collagen I and collagen III increased after treatment with riboflavin and UVA light irradiation at 45 mW/cm2. The data indicate that in rabbits, conjunctival crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA light at 45 mW/cm2for 4 min is safe and does not induce ultrastructural alterations of the conjunctival cells. The conjunctival crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA light at 45 mW/cm2can increase the diameter of collagen fibrils, but the average densities of collagen I and collagen III have no statistical significance.
Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
Authors: Sun Wu , Ma Shike , Jin Xiayang , Ma Yuhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Testis size is important for identifying breeding animals with adequate sperm production. The aim of this study was to survey the expression profile of mRNA and miRNA in testis tissue from rams carrying different FecB genotypes, including the wild-type and heterozygous genotypes in Tibetan sheep. Comparative transcriptome profiles for ovine testes were established for wild-type and heterozygote Tibetan sheep by next-generation sequencing. RNA-seq results identified 3,910 (2,034 up- and 1,876 downregulated) differentially expressed (DE) genes and 243 (158 up- and 85 downregulated) DE microRNAs (miRNAs) in wild-type vs heterozygote sheep, respectively. Combined analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq revealed that 20 miRNAs interacted with 48 true DE target genes in wild-type testes compared to heterozygous genotype testes. These results provide evidence for a functional series of genes operating in Tibetan sheep testis. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression trends of randomly selected DE genes in testis tissues from different genotypes were consistent with high-throughput sequencing results.
Anti-diabetic potentials ofSorbaria tomentosaLindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory,in vivohypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
Authors: Naz Falak , Zahoor Muhammad , Ayaz Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad , Nawaz Asif , Alotaibi Amal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the anti-diabetic effects of an unexplored medical plantSorbaria tomentosaLindl. Rehder usingin vitroandin vivoapproaches. The extracts were tested as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase following standard protocols. Methanolic extract was analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for tentative identification of the secondary metabolites. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several compounds. α-Amylase was more potently inhibited by chloroform and methanolic extracts (27 and 40 µg mL−1, respectively), whereas α-glucosidase was more potently inhibited by methanolic extract (IC50= 530 µg mL−1). Methanolic extract was also subjected toin vivostudies using an alloxan-induced diabetes rat model. Diabetic animals treated with 150 mg kg−1body weight dose of methanolic extract cause a steady decrease in blood glucose levels (529.16, 446.66, 348.00, 269.33, and 165.5 mg dL−1, respectively, on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28). At 300 mg kg−1dose, the blood glucose level was decreased to 111.83 mg dL−1on day 28. Blood biochemistry results indicated that treatment with methanolic extract normalized the elevated parameters including cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, serum creatinine, blood urea, uric acid, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase in diabetic animals.
Copper phenyl phosphonate for epoxy resin and cyanate ester copolymer with improved flame retardancy and thermal properties
Authors: Cao Zhilin , Ren Changxin , Wang Zhengzhou 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epoxy resin (EP)/cyanate ester (CE) copolymer, an important structural material with high temperature resistance and low dielectric constant in aerospace, microelectronics, and related fields, is still of great flammability danger. In this work, copper phenyl phosphonate (CuPP), a flame retardant used in EP/CE copolymer was synthesized by the reaction of phenyl phosphonic acid and copper nitrate trihydrate. The fire and thermal behavior of EP/CE/CuPP composites were studied in detail. The results suggested that the UL-94 rating and limiting oxygen index of EP/CE composite with 5 wt% CuPP (EP/CE/CuPP5) reach V-1 level and 30.6%, respectively. Compared with pure EP/CE copolymer, the peak heat release rate and total heat release values of EP/CE/CuPP5 decreased by 34.5% and 18.9%, respectively. The glass transition temperature of EP/CE/CuPP composite is higher than that of pure EP/CE copolymer, suggesting that the fire-retardant composite has higher work temperature and better heat resistance.
Effect of different corrosive media on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of armor steel
Authors: Yazıcı Aysel , Zeybek M. Sadrettin , Kahraman Fatih 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Armor steel samples were exposed to corrosion for 24, 72, 168, and 720 h in two different corrosive media. The corrosion rate was determined using mass loss, measurement of the concentration of components in the corrosive medium solution, and Tafel extrapolation methods. Before and after corrosion experiments, the tensile properties, surface characteristics, and phase structures of the samples were examined. The surface analyses were performed using the SEM technique combined with EDX analyses, and the phase analyses were performed by X-ray diffraction. The corrosion rate determined by the mass loss method was 0.02 ± 0.01 mm year−1 for the 3.5 wt% NaCl medium and 2.66 ± 0.16 mm year−1 for the 1 M HCl medium. The corrosion rate values determined by the Tafel extrapolation method were 0.02 ± 0.01 mm year−1 in the 3.5 wt% NaCl medium and 1.21 ± 0.01 mm year−1 in the 1 M HCl medium. There was a decrease in the tensile, yield strengths, and elongation to fracture values of the corroded samples compared to the non-corroded samples. While intergranular ductile fracture occurred in samples exposed to 3.5 wt% NaCl medium, there were features reminiscent of the brittle fracture in samples exposed to the 1 M HCl/168 h medium.
Influence of partitioning treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of an alloyed ductile iron austempered at different temperatures
Authors: Nalcaci Burak , Davut Kemal , Neite Maximilian , Münstermann Sebastian , Erdogan Mehmet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study was conducted to uncover effects of partitioning treatment on Cu–Ni–Mo alloyed ductile iron (DI) austempered at different temperatures. For this purpose, the DI samples, produced via sand casting, were austenitized at 900 °C for 60 min, followed by austempering at the temperatures of 275–325–375 °C for 120 min and afterwards a partitioning treatment was applied at 200 °C for 15 min. In the characterization studies, dilatometer, image analysis, JMat-Pro, mechanical tests, XRD, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with EBSD detector were utilized. Characterization studies showed that the effects of partitioning treatment were directly correlated with austempering temperature and high carbon austenite volume fraction changed in the range of 19.48–35.45%. That redistribution of carbon (C) between bainitic ferrite and high carbon austenite occurred, in turn, the carbon content of high carbon austenite increased with the partitioning treatment irrespective of austempering temperature were uncovered. Furthermore, the partitioning treatment considerably changed the grain morphologies of both high carbon austenite and banitic ferrite. As a consequence of these microstructural differences, the highest tensile strength of 1489.2 MPa was established in the sample austempered at 275 °C and partitioned at 200 °C, whereas the highest ductility of 5.61% acquired at the austempering temperature of 375 °C.
When the Norwegian ‘politeness marker’ vennligst becomes impolite
Authors: Rygg Kristin , Hulleberg Johansen Stine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This corpus-based study contributes to the ongoing discussion on conventional politeness markers, such as please, by being the first to examine how the corresponding Norwegian lexical item vennligst ‘please’ is used. The study investigates the use of vennligst in data from two Norwegian corpora in standard situations, where the relationship between the interlocutors is clear, and non-standard situations, where the relationship between the interlocutors is less clear. The results show that although Norwegian dictionaries describe the pragmatic function of vennligst as being that of a polite request, most instances were found in standard situations where vennligst indicates a ritual frame that goes unmarked. The results also show that in non-standard situations, vennligst is not only used as a politeness device but more often strengthens the requestive force into a command. Therefore, we caution against using vennligst in non-standard situations due to the likelihood of being interpreted as impolite. Depending on the situation type, the various interpretations may explain why some Norwegians interpret vennligst as polite, whereas others deem it impolite. By illustrating how vennligst may be interpreted differently, we hope to draw attention to the situational influences on such markers and the dangers of relying on their conventional meanings.
Complexity of grammatical metaphor: an entropy-based approach
Authors: Zhou Jiangping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Grammatical metaphor in M. A. K. Halliday’s sense has long been extensively investigated by researchers in terms of theoretical and empirical studies. Regarding the empirical studies, they have predominantly employed observed or normalized frequencies of grammatical metaphor to uncover its distribution in different text types. Few studies, however, were conducted to quantitatively examine the complexity of grammatical metaphor in that no indicator presently is proposed to measure the degree of complexity in grammatical metaphor. This paper targeted at investigating the feasibility of implementing entropy to measure this complexity. The findings demonstrate that the entropy value could be afforded as an indicator of complexity of grammatical metaphor to efficiently uncover the way that disciplines of different registers build knowledge by means of employing such linguistic features as grammatical metaphor. This research is significant in that it sheds light on the quantitative comparison of complexity of grammatical metaphor in text analysis.
It’s All About the Money. Or Is It?
Authors: Hertogh Marc , Wever Marc , Marseille Bert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Dutch Financial Services Complaints Institute (Kifid) offers a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) to consumers who have a complaint about a financial product or a financial service. Kifid first tries to mediate between the consumer and the financial services provider. If mediation fails, the Arbitration Commission will issue a binding decision. Using a survey among recent Kifid users (N = 506), this paper asks: how do consumers experience the Kifid complaints procedure, and to what effect? This study confirms the general finding from earlier research that procedural justice plays an important role in complaint procedures. The overall Kifid satisfaction level is shaped by both the perception of the process and the outcome of the complaints procedure. Moreover, if consumers experience more procedural justice, they are more willing to accept their Kifid decision. While most previous studies were limited to users’ experiences with ADR in general, this paper distinguishes between two different ADR mechanisms. The results indicate that those consumers whose complaint was solved by mediation experienced more procedural justice than those whose case was settled by arbitration. Moreover, the first group of consumers gives Kifid a (much) better overall score than the second group.
Sustainability Analysis of Rapid Tooling-Based Investment Casting: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Vaghela Jignesh R. , Valaki Janak B. , Thanki Shashank J. , Pandey Akash B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Investment casting (IC) is the most precise and second most widely employed casting process after sand casting. Despite its huge application potential, the process has certain inherent techno-commercial drawbacks, such as taking a long time to market, poor material efficiency, high specific energy consumption, continuous human resource requirements, environmental emissions, etc. The development of tooling for IC processes is found to be the prime cause of the drawbacks. To overcome these drawbacks, the rapid prototyping (RP)-based tooling development (also called rapid tooling [RT]) approach has the potential to deal with the limitations of the IC. However, the performance and sustainability of the RP-based tooling need to be studied for their commercial level acceptance over traditional hard tooling. Authors in this review paper have comprehensively reviewed the research works related to sustainability analysis of IC tooling developed through RP processes. Most research studies focus on specific energy consumption or life cycle analysis for sustainability assessment of RT-IC. Manufacturing lead time, production cost, and surface finish are the most investigated parameters for RT-IC. The review highlighted that through the RT approach, lead time for product development can be reduced from months to weeks, overall cost savings of 50–90 % can be achieved, and environmental risk could be reduced up to 50 %. Moreover, it is also observed that fused deposition modeling is the first choice for the RT process, whereas acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polylactic acid are the most frequently used materials for RT-based IC tooling development at the present time. Most of the research on RT is focused on energy consumption analysis, whereas operator safety and personal health, like social indicators, need further research attention. To understand the current research trends, a decision matrix has been prepared from the key research papers with a close resemblance to the theme of the current review paper.
Content Representation of Tactile Mental Imagery in Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Nierhaus Till , Wesolek Sara , Pach Daniel , Witt Claudia M. , Blankenburg Felix , Schmidt Timo T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe imagination of tactile stimulation has been shown to activate primary somatosensory cortex (S1) with a somatotopic specificity akin to that seen during the perception of tactile stimuli. Using fMRI and multivariate pattern analysis, we investigate whether this recruitment of sensory regions also reflects content-specific activation (i.e., whether the activation in S1 is specific to the mental content participants imagined). To this end, healthy volunteers (n = 21) either perceived or imagined three types of vibrotactile stimuli (mental content) while fMRI data were acquired. Independent of the content, during tactile mental imagery we found activation of frontoparietal regions, supplemented with activation in the contralateral BA2 subregion of S1, replicating previous reports. While the imagery of the three different stimuli did not reveal univariate activation differences, using multivariate pattern classification, we were able to decode the imagined stimulus type from BA2. Moreover, cross-classification revealed that tactile imagery elicits activation patterns similar to those evoked by the perception of the respective stimuli. These findings promote the idea that mental tactile imagery involves the recruitment of content-specific activation patterns in sensory cortices, namely in S1.