bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipating gelation and vitrification with medium amplitude parallel superposition (MAPS) rheology and artificial neural networks
Authors: Lennon Kyle R. , Rathinaraj Joshua David John , Gonzalez Cadena Miguel A. , Santra Ashok , McKinley Gareth H. , Swan James W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnticipating qualitative changes in the rheological response of complex fluids (e.g., a gelation or vitrification transition) is an important capability for processing operations that utilize such materials in real-world environments. One class of complex fluids that exhibits distinct rheological states are soft glassy materials such as colloidal gels and clay dispersions, which can be well characterized by the soft glassy rheology (SGR) model. We first solve the model equations for the time-dependent, weakly nonlinear response of the SGR model. With this analytical solution, we show that the weak nonlinearities measured via medium amplitude parallel superposition (MAPS) rheology can be used to anticipate the rheological aging transitions in the linear response of soft glassy materials. This is a rheological version of a technique called structural health monitoring used widely in civil and aerospace engineering. We design and train artificial neural networks (ANNs) that are capable of quickly inferring the parameters of the SGR model from the results of sequential MAPS experiments. The combination of these data-rich experiments and machine learning tools to provide a surrogate for computationally expensive viscoelastic constitutive equations allows for rapid experimental characterization of the rheological state of soft glassy materials. We apply this technique to an aging dispersion of Laponite® clay particles approaching the gel point and demonstrate that a trained ANN can provide real-time detection of transitions in the nonlinear response well in advance of incipient changes in the linear viscoelastic response of the system.
Electrocardiographic characteristics of newborns with ventricular septal defects: a Copenhagen Baby Heart Study
Authors: Pihl Christian , Pærregaard Maria Munk , Sillesen Anne-Sophie , Vøgg Ruth Ottilia B , Pietersen Adrian , Raja Anna Axelsson , Iversen Kasper Karmark , Bundgaard Henning , Christensen Alex Hørby 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVentricular septal defects (VSD) represent the most common congenital heart defect in newborns. We assessed the electrocardiographic characteristics of newborns with VSDs in a general population sample. The Copenhagen Baby Heart Study is a prospective population–based cohort study offering cardiac evaluation of newborns. Echocardiograms and electrocardiograms were obtained within 30 days after birth and systematically analysed. A VSD was identified in 530 newborns (mean age 11 ± 7 days, 42% boys). Newborns with VSDs had a more left-shifted QRS axis (116 ± 34 vs. 120 ± 3°, p = 0.02), and a higher S-wave amplitude in V1 (721 ± 584 vs. 636 ± 549 µV, p = 0.001) than controls. The largest differences were found in newborns with large or perimembraneous VSDs with a higher frequency of left axis deviation, higher S-wave amplitudes in V1, and higher R- and S-wave amplitudes in V6 compared with controls. R-waves in V1 and V6 were significantly associated to left ventricular mass, whereas S-waves in V1 and V6 were dependent on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter on echocardiography. Conclusion: Newborns with VSDs showed significant differences in QRS axis, and R- and S-wave precordial amplitudes compared to matched controls. Perimembranous and large VSDs had the greatest effect on the neonatal ECG.

What is Known:• Ventricular septal defects in newborns are prevalent and may affect cardiac function and structure.

What is New:• The Copenhagen Baby Heart Study is the largest study including a cohort of unselected newborns undergoing postnatal cardiac examination.• We found that newborns with VSD showed significant electrocardiographic differences depending on size and type of VSD compared with healthy newborns.
Translation efficiency and directionally optimal scale
Authors: Färe Rolf , Karagiannis Giannis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show that instead of choosing the benchmark technology solely by means of maximal average productivities, a new whole range of options is opened up by using for this purpose the direction vector. By choosing any particular direction vector to evaluate technical efficiency we in fact predetermine by means of the relevant reflection vector the ray of average productivities we want to achieve. Then we may measure the extent of producing an inefficiently small (large) output by means of what we refer to as translation efficiency by comparing the average productivities of the projection of the observed input–output combination onto the best practice frontier and that of the graph translation homothetic technology. We can also determine the optimal production scale, which we refer to as directionally optimal scale, and which is defined conditionally on this vector of average productivities.
New approaches to recovery after stroke
Authors: Marín-Medina Daniel S. , Arenas-Vargas Paula A. , Arias-Botero Juan C. , Gómez-Vásquez Manuela , Jaramillo-López Manuel F. , Gaspar-Toro Jorge M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAfter a stroke, several mechanisms of neural plasticity can be activated, which may lead to significant recovery. Rehabilitation therapies aim to restore surviving tissue over time and reorganize neural connections. With more patients surviving stroke with varying degrees of neurological impairment, new technologies have emerged as a promising option for better functional outcomes. This review explores restorative therapies based on brain-computer interfaces, robot-assisted and virtual reality, brain stimulation, and cell therapies. Brain-computer interfaces allow for the translation of brain signals into motor patterns. Robot-assisted and virtual reality therapies provide interactive interfaces that simulate real-life situations and physical support to compensate for lost motor function. Brain stimulation can modify the electrical activity of neurons in the affected cortex. Cell therapy may promote regeneration in damaged brain tissue. Taken together, these new approaches could substantially benefit specific deficits such as arm-motor control and cognitive impairment after stroke, and even the chronic phase of recovery, where traditional rehabilitation methods may be limited, and the window for repair is narrow.
On the coincidence of optimal completions for small pairwise comparison matrices with missing entries
Authors: Csató László , Ágoston Kolos Csaba , Bozóki Sándor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncomplete pairwise comparison matrices contain some missing judgements. A natural approach to estimate these values is provided by minimising a reasonable measure of inconsistency after unknown entries are replaced by variables. Two widely used inconsistency indices for this purpose are Saaty’s inconsistency index and the geometric inconsistency index, which are closely related to the eigenvector and the logarithmic least squares priority deriving methods, respectively. The two measures are proven to imply the same optimal filling for incomplete pairwise comparison matrices up to order four but not necessarily for order at least five.
Calculating Heat Release Rates from Lithium-Ion Battery Fires: A Methodology Using Digital Imaging
Authors: Wise Malcom S. , Christensen Paul A. , Dickman Neville , McDonald Joe , Mrozik Wojciech , Lambert Simon M. , Restuccia Francesco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeasuring flame lengths and areas from turbulent flame flares developing from lithium-ion battery failures is complex due to the varying directions of the flares, the thin flame zone, the spatially and temporally rapid changes of the thermal runaway event, as well as the hazardous nature of the event. This paper reports a novel methodology for measuring heat release rate from flame flares resulting from thermal runaway of electric vehicle lithium-ion modules comprising eight 56.3Ah lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) pouch cells using digital cameras and a newly developed numerical code to process the distortion of the flame size based on distance, direction, and shape. The model is tested with a set of experiments using lithium-ion battery packs and validated with a reference set of measurements using calibration boxes, a method commonly used in the reconstruction of flame areas. The experiments showed that the effect of calibration is large, and thus digital imaging without the appropriate calibration can give very large errors in measurement of flames. The combined imaging and processing method proposed in this work allows the determination of heat release rates from lithium-ion battery packs, one of the most challenging variables to quantify during the failure of a battery pack outside the laboratory. In the example experiment that this method was applied to, almost double the heat released was accounted for, meaning 50% of the total heat released would not have been accounted for without this image processing method.
Animal Consumption at Hospital de San Martín (Gran Canaria): First Zooarchaeological Analysis in the Modern Era of the Canary Islands (Fifteenth-Eighteenth Centuries CE)
Authors: Brito-Mayor Aitor , Santana Jonathan , Moreno-García Marta , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Amelia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Canary Islands were initially colonized around 200 CE by North African Berber populations who brought with them domestic plants and animals. These communities remained isolated until the arrival of Europeans in the Late Middle Ages which triggered the conquest of the archipelago. Its geostrategic location in the framework of Atlantic expansion facilitated the arrival of people, knowledge, goods, plants, and animals which served to shape the new Canarian society. This study explores the dietary practices of this period through the zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal remains recovered at the Hospital de San Martín (fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries), Las Palmas (Gran Canaria, Spain). Our results suggest that caprines were the main taxa consumed. This follows both the pre-colonial Indigenous tradition and, according to historical sources, the subsequent European period. The faunal assemblage recovered also reveals the first directly radiocarbon-dated cases in the Canary Islands of three hitherto unknown species: cattle, chicken, and rabbit. Moreover, the results evidence a progressive increase throughout the Modern Era of chicken and rabbit, and that translocating these new species to the archipelago during the European expansion led to a diversification of meat resources.
The Impact of Daycare Closures Owing to COVID-19 on Parental Stress: The Case of Japan
Authors: Ito Tsubasa , Naoi Michio , Sumita Kazuto , Ye Qing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to quantify the effect of the closure of daycare facilities during the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the stress of parents with preschool children. Using household panel data collected before and after the pandemic, we estimated difference-in-differences models and their extensions. Our empirical results show that the closure of daycare facilities significantly worsened parental stress as measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The negative effects of daycare closures on parental stress levels were greater for mothers, non-regular workers, and households with relatively older children. In contrast, on parents in metropolitan areas or those with younger children, no significant effects of daycare closures were observed. We discuss the two conflicting pathways—the increased childcare burden and the decreased risk of children’s infection—through which daycare closures affected parental distress, interpret the heterogeneous effects accordingly, and provide policy implications. Our results suggest that a risk-based, local closure policy could have been effective in reducing parental stress during the emergency.
Unravelling densification during sintering by multiscale modelling of grain motion
Authors: Seiz Marco , Hierl Henrik , Nestler Britta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe resulting microstructure after the sintering process determines many materials properties of interest. In order to understand the microstructural evolution, simulations are often employed. One such simulation method is the phase-field method, which has garnered much interest in recent decades. However, the method lacks a complete model for sintering, as previous works could show unphysical effects and the inability to reach representative volume elements. Thus the present paper aims to close this gap by employing molecular dynamics and determining rules of motion which can be translated to a phase-field model. The key realization is that vacancy absorption induced motion of grains travels through a grain structure without resistance. Hence the total displacement field of a green body is simply the superposition of all grains reacting in isolation to local vacancy absorption events. The resulting phase-field model is shown to be representative starting from particle counts between 97 and 262 and contains the qualitative correct dependence of sintering rate on particle size.
Enhancing multiplex global efficiency
Authors: Noschese Silvia , Reichel Lothar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractModeling complex systems that consist of different types of objects leads to multilayer networks, in which vertices are connected by both inter-layer and intra-layer edges. In this paper, we investigate multiplex networks, in which vertices in different layers are identified with each other, and the only inter-layer edges are those that connect a vertex with its copy in other layers. Let the third-order adjacency tensor $$\mathcal {A}\in \mathbb {R}^{N\times N\times L}$$

A
∈

R

N
×
N
×
L

and the parameter $$\gamma \ge 0$$

γ
≥
0

, which is associated with the ease of communication between layers, represent a multiplex network with N vertices and L layers. To measure the ease of communication in a multiplex network, we focus on the average inverse geodesic length, which we refer to as the multiplex global efficiency $$e_\mathcal {A}(\gamma )$$

e
A

(
γ
)

by means of the multiplex path length matrix $$P\in \mathbb {R}^{N\times N}$$

P
∈

R

N
×
N

. This paper generalizes the approach proposed in [15] for single-layer networks. We describe an algorithm based on min-plus matrix multiplication to construct P, as well as variants $$P^K$$

P
K

that only take into account multiplex paths made up of at most K intra-layer edges. These matrices are applied to detect redundant edges and to determine non-decreasing lower bounds $$e_\mathcal {A}^K(\gamma )$$

e

A

K

(
γ
)

for $$e_\mathcal {A}(\gamma )$$

e
A

(
γ
)

, for $$K=1,2,\dots ,N-2$$

K
=
1
,
2
,
⋯
,
N
-
2

. Finally, the sensitivity of $$e_\mathcal {A}^K(\gamma )$$

e

A

K

(
γ
)

to changes of the entries of the adjacency tensor $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
is investigated to determine edges that should be strengthened to enhance the multiplex global efficiency the most.
Too humble for words
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt’s widely held that a lack of intellectual humility is part of the reason why flagrantly unjustified beliefs proliferate. In this paper, I argue that an excess of humility also plays a role in allowing for the spread of misinformation. Citing experimental evidence, I show that inducing intellectual humility causes people inappropriately to lower their confidence in beliefs that are actually justified for them. In these cases, they manifest epistemic humility in ways that make them epistemically worse off. I argue that epistemic humility may fail to promote better beliefs because it functions for us against the background of our individualistic theory of responsible epistemic agency: until we reject such theories, intellectual humility is as much a problem as a solution to epistemic ills. Virtue epistemology is inadequate as a response to unjustified beliefs if it does not look beyond the virtues to our background beliefs.
Academic buoyancy among female secondary school students: An examination of predictors and outcomes up to age 22
Authors: Collie Rebecca J. , Caldecott-Davis Kate , Martin Andrew J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigated academic buoyancy—and its predictors and outcomes—among female students attending all-girls and coeducational schools. We examined data from 1,254 female students. Structural equation modeling revealed that students’ perceptions of three instructional climate factors (teacher-student relationships, useful content, engaging content) were positively associated with their learning strategies (elaboration, memorization, control) and achievement and, in turn, academic buoyancy (assessed one year later) in similar ways across the two school types. In turn, learning strategies, achievement, and academic buoyancy were associated with academic, well-being, and occupational outcomes assessed up to age 22 in different ways. Together, the findings provide understanding about academic buoyancy among girls, provide guidance for how teachers can support buoyancy and other personal attributes among girls, and yield knowledge about the longer-term outcomes of academic buoyancy.
Excitable FitzHugh-Nagumo model with cross-diffusion: close and far-from-equilibrium coherent structures
Authors: Gambino G. , Lombardo M. C. , Rizzo R. , Sammartino M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we shall study the formation of stationary patterns for a reaction-diffusion system in which the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) kinetics, in its excitable regime, is coupled to linear cross-diffusion terms. In (Gambino et al. in Excitable Fitzhugh-Nagumo model with cross-diffusion: long-range activation instabilities, 2023), we proved that the model supports the emergence of cross-Turing patterns, i.e., close-to-equilibrium structures occurring as an effect of cross-diffusion. Here, we shall construct the cross-Turing patterns close to equilibrium on 1-D and 2-D rectangular domains. Through this analysis, we shall show that the species are out-of-phase spatially distributed and derive the amplitude equations that govern the pattern dynamics close to criticality. Moreover, we shall classify the bifurcation in the parameter space, distinguishing between super-and sub-critical transitions. In the final part of the paper, we shall numerically investigate the impact of the cross-diffusion terms on large-amplitude pulse-like solutions existing outside the cross-Turing regime, showing their emergence also in the case of lateral activation and short-range inhibition.
Neurophysiologic Features Reflecting Brain Injury During Pediatric ECMO Support
Authors: Hanalioglu Damla , Temkit M. ’Hamed , Hildebrandt Kara , MackDiaz Elizabeth , Goldstein Zachary , Aggarwal Shefali , Appavu Brian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides lifesaving support to critically ill patients who experience refractory cardiopulmonary failure but carries a high risk for acute brain injury. We aimed to identify characteristics reflecting acute brain injury in children requiring ECMO support.

Methods
This is a prospective observational study from 2019 to 2022 of pediatric ECMO patients undergoing neuromonitoring, including continuous electroencephalography, cerebral oximetry, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). The primary outcome was acute brain injury. Clinical and neuromonitoring characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was implemented to model odds ratios (ORs) and identify the combined characteristics that best discriminate risk of acute brain injury using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
Seventy-five pediatric patients requiring ECMO support were enrolled in this study, and 62 underwent neuroimaging or autopsy evaluations. Of these 62 patients, 19 experienced acute brain injury (30.6%), including seven (36.8%) with arterial ischemic stroke, four (21.1%) with hemorrhagic stroke, seven with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (36.8%), and one (5.3%) with both arterial ischemic stroke and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. A univariate analysis demonstrated acute brain injury to be associated with maximum hourly seizure burden (p = 0.021), electroencephalographic suppression percentage (p = 0.022), increased interhemispheric differences in electroencephalographic total power (p = 0.023) and amplitude (p = 0.017), and increased differences in TCD Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) scores between bilateral middle cerebral arteries (p = 0.023). Best subset model selection identified increased seizure burden (OR = 2.07, partial R2 = 0.48, p = 0.013), increased quantitative electroencephalographic interhemispheric amplitude differences (OR = 2.41, partial R2 = 0.48, p = 0.013), and increased interhemispheric TCD TIBI score differences (OR = 4.66, partial R2 = 0.49, p = 0.006) to be independently associated with acute brain injury (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.92).

Conclusions
Increased seizure burden and increased interhemispheric differences in both quantitative electroencephalographic amplitude and TCD MCA TIBI scores are independently associated with acute brain injury in children undergoing ECMO support.
Impact of eSports semiprofessional practice on the trunk stabilizer muscle complex. A cross-sectional study
Authors: de la Cueva-Reguera Mónica , García Alejo Simón , Abuín-Porras Vanesa , Velázquez Saornil Jorge , López-López Daniel , Pareja-Galeano Helios , Bravo-Aguilar María , Romero-Morales Carlos 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
ESports have emerged in the sporting paradigm achieving a great deal of importance both in terms of audience and economics. Professional players have to improve their performance through training, which leads to an increase in the risk of injuries derived from long periods of time spent a sitting position, sedentarism and repetitive movements. The most prevalent injury is low back pain (LBP), probably due to the professionals’ lifestyles, similar to the day-to-day activity of office workers but acquired at a younger age.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the morphology of the trunk stabilizing muscles in semiprofessional eSport players in comparison with healthy subjects, using ultrasonography.

Methods
A total of 20 participants were recruited (10 players from a semiprofessional eSports team and 10 age-matched healthy controls). Ultrasound measurements of the thickness of the transversus abdomini (TrAb), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), rectus abdomini (RA) and lumbar multifidus (LMult) muscles, and interrecti distance (IRD) were recorded.

Results
Statistically significant differences were found with decreased thickness in the eSports group bilaterally in TrAb (p < 0.01) and IO (p < 0.05), right EO (p < 0.05) and right RA (p < 0.01); and decreased IRD (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Statistically significant differences were found between young semiprofessional eSports players and healthy adults in this study, with morphologic characteristics similar to those found in older adults with chronic LBP.