bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in adults with harmful use of alcohol: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan Chia Jie , Shufelt Taylor , Behan Emma , Chantara Junpen , Koomsri Chanchanok , Gordon Adam J. , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Dhippayom Teerapon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsPsychosocial approaches are the hallmark of treatment for harmful alcohol use. However, the most effective psychosocial intervention has not been identified. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of psychosocial therapy for harmful alcohol use using a network meta‐analysis approach.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses from inception to January 2022. Randomized controlled trials in adults aged > 18 years with harmful alcohol use were included. Psychosocial interventions were classified using the theme, intensity, and provider/platform (TIP) framework. The mean differences (MD) of the alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) score were estimated in the primary analysis using a random‐effects model. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) methods were used to rank different interventions. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the confidence in network meta‐analysis (CINeMA) approach. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022328972).ResultsA total of 4225 records were retrieved from searches; 19 trials (n = 7149) met the inclusion criteria. The most common TIP combination was brief interventions delivered once via face‐to‐face sessions (six studies) and 11 TIP features were included in the network meta‐analysis. A significant difference in AUDIT score was evident among 16 of 55 treatment comparisons, with the highest effect size observed when motivational interviewing plus cognitive behavioral therapy in multiple sessions via face‐to‐face (MI–CBT/Mult/F2F) was compared with usual care [MD = −4.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −7.04, −2.91]. This finding was consistent with SUCRA, which suggested that MI–CBT/Mult/F2F is most likely to be better than other interventions (SUCRA = 91.3). MI–CBT/Mult/F2F remained the highest‐ranking intervention in our sensitivity analyses (SUCRA = 64.9, 80.8). However, the certainty of evidence for most treatment comparisons was low.ConclusionsCombined psychosocial intervention with a more intensive approach may provide greater effect in reducing harmful alcohol consumption behavior.
Gucci and the waqf: Inalienability in Beirut's postwar reconstruction
Authors: Moumtaz Nada 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn August 4, 2020, one of the largest nonnuclear explosions in history rocked the city of Beirut, leaving over 200 people dead, 6,500 injured, and 300,000 homeless. As Beirutis debated strategies for rebuilding, another reconstruction project haunted their discussions: the postwar reconstruction of Beirut's city center, overseen by the private company Solidere. For many, Solidere stands for a neoliberal reconstruction project that placed profits over people, expropriating rights‐holders for company shares. While most organizing against Solidere in the 1990s failed, this article turns to a little‐known but more‐successful mobilization involving Solidere's expropriation of parcels and buildings that had been endowed as inalienable Islamic trusts. Many Beiruti Muslims rallied against these expropriations, citing endowment inalienability and resulting in publicized recuperations. Yet, archival and ethnographic research shows that this mobilization led to the recuperation of only some of these endowed properties. Many others were taken to market in order to allow for the perpetuation of the few. This chapter in the reconstruction of Beirut's city center complicates our understanding of capitalism, alienability, and inalienability, illustrating both the constant work needed to create free markets and the continued effectiveness of discourses of inalienability that perpetuate other forms of value and property under capitalism.
Adverse reactions of PDE5 inhibitors: An analysis of the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Lui Jason L. , Shaw Nathan M. , Abbasi Behzad , Hakam Nizar , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite their efficacy and general safety, rare but devastating adverse drug reactions have been associated with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.ObjectivesTo determine the safety profile of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors with a particular focus on priapism and malignant melanoma.Materials and methodsIn this case–non‐case study, we queried the individual case safety reports for phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors within the World Health Organization global database of individual case safety reports (VigiBase) between 1983 and 2021. We included all individual case safety reports for sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, and avanafil in men. For comparison, we also extracted the safety data from the Food and Drug Administration trials for these drugs. We assessed the safety profile of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors by disproportionality analysis by measuring reporting odds ratio for their most commonly reported adverse drug reactions, once for all phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor reports and once for reports of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor use in adult men (≥18 years old) with sexual dysfunction.ResultsA total of 94,713 individual case safety reports for phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors were extracted. A total of 31,827 individual case safety reports were identified relating to adult men taking oral sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, or avanafil for sexual dysfunction. The most common adverse drug reactions included poor drug efficacy (42.5%), headache (10.4% vs. 8.5%–27.6% [Food and Drug Administration]), abnormal vision (8.4% vs. ≤4.6% [Food and Drug Administration]), flushing (5.2% vs. 5.1%–16.5% [Food and Drug Administration]), and dyspepsia (4.2% vs. 3.4%–11.1% [Food and Drug Administration]). Priapism showed significant signals for sildenafil (reporting odds ratio = 13.81, 95% confidence interval: 11.75–16.24), tadalafil (reporting odds ratio = 14.54, 95% confidence interval: 11.56–18.06), and vardenafil (reporting odds ratio = 14.12, 95% confidence interval: 8.36–22.35). Comparing with other medications in VigiBase, sildenafil (reporting odds ratio = 8.73, 95% confidence interval: 7.63–9.99) and tadalafil (reporting odds ratio = 4.25, 95% confidence interval: 3.19–5.55) had significantly higher reporting odds ratios for malignant melanoma.ConclusionPhosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors show significant signals correlating with priapism among a large international cohort. Further clinical study is needed to elucidate whether this is from proper or inappropriate use or other confounding conditions, as analysis of pharmacovigilance data does not allow for quantifying the clinical risk. Also, there appears to be a relationship between phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor use and malignant melanoma, which warrants additional study to better understand causation.
Associations of pre‐ and postnatal exposures with optic nerve status in young adults
Authors: Zhu Linna , Munch Inger Christine , Pedersen Casper‐Emil T , Stokholm Jakob , Bønnelykke Klaus , Chawes Bo , Carlsson Christian Jakob , Schoos Ann‐Marie M. , Larsen Michael , Bisgaard Hans , Brustad Nicklas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to explore the effect of multiple pre‐ and postnatal exposures on optic nerve status in young adults due to this critical period for development.MethodsWe analysed peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) status and macular thickness at age 18 years in the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2000 (COPSAC2000) cohort in relation to several exposures.ResultsOf the 269 participants (median (IQR) age, 17.6 (0.6) years; 124 boys), 60 participants whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy had a thinner RNFL: adjusted mean difference −4.6 μm (95% CI −7.7; −1.5 μm, p = 0.004) compared with participants whose mothers had not smoked during pregnancy. A total of 30 participants who were exposed to tobacco smoke both during foetal life and childhood had thinner RNFL: −9.6 μm (−13.4; −5.8 μm, p < 0.001). Smoking during pregnancy was also associated with a macular thickness deficit: −4.7 μm (−9.0; −0.4 μm, p = 0.03). Higher indoor concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) was associated with thinner RNFL: −3.6 μm (−5.6; −1.6 μm, p < 0.001) and a macular deficit: −2.7 μm (−5.3; −0.1 μm, p = 0.04) in the crude analyses, but not in the adjusted analyses. No difference was found among participants who smoked at age 18 years compared with non‐smokers on RNFL or macular thickness.ConclusionsWe found that exposure to smoking during early life was associated with a thinner RNFL and macula at age 18 years. The absence of an association between active smoking at 18 years suggests that the vulnerability of the optic nerve is highest during prenatal life and early childhood.
The ethics of ethics conferences: Is Qatar a desirable location for a bioethics conference?
Authors: van der Graaf Rieke , Jongsma Karin , van de Vathorst Suzanne , de Vries Martine , Bolt Ineke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe next World Congress of Bioethics will be held in Doha, Qatar. Although this location provides opportunities to interact with a more culturally diverse audience, to advance dialogue between cultures and religions, offer opportunities for mutual learning, there are also huge moral concerns. Qatar is known for violations of human rights ‐ including the treatment of migrant workers and the rights of women ‐ corruption, criminalization of LGBTQI+ persons, and climate impact. Since these concerns are also key (bio)ethical concern we call for a broad debate within the bioethics community whether organizing and attending the World Congress in Qatar is ethically problematic and how ethical concerns should be dealt with.
EBV‐positive pyothorax‐associated lymphoma expresses CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines that attract cytotoxic lymphocytes via CXCR3
Authors: Higuchi Tomonori , Hashida Yumiko , Matsuo Kazuhiko , Kitahata Kosuke , Ujihara Takako , Murakami Ichiro , Nakayama Takashi , Daibata Masanori 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma associated with chronic inflammation (DLBCL‐CI) develops in the setting of long‐standing inflammation. This type of lymphoma may have specific expression profiles of chemokines involved in the pathogenesis of DLBCL‐CI. EBV‐positive pyothorax‐associated lymphoma (PAL) is a prototype of DLBCL‐CI and represents a valuable model for the study of this disease category. Using a panel of PAL cell lines, we found that PAL cells expressed and secreted C–X–C motif chemokine ligands 9 and 10 (CXCL9 and CXCL10), the ligands of CXCR3, in contrast to EBV‐negative DLBCL cell lines, which did not. Culture supernatants from PAL cell lines attracted CXCR3‐expressing CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD56+ natural killer cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PAL cells injected into mice also attracted CXCR3‐positive cytotoxic lymphocytes that expressed interferon‐γ. The expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 was detected in PAL tumor biopsy samples from patients, and CXCR3‐positive lymphocytes were abundant in the tissue samples. Collectively, these findings suggest that CXCL9 and CXCL10 are produced by PAL cells and can elicit cytotoxic responses via CXCR3. This chemokine system is also likely to contribute to tissue necrosis, which is a signature histological feature of DLBCL‐CI. Further studies are warranted to determine whether the CXCL9–CXCL10/CXCR3 axis exerts antitumor effects in DLBCL‐CI.
Stat5 inhibits NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis to enhance chemoresistance of breast cancer cells via promoting miR‐182 transcription
Authors: Wan Peng , He Xiaolan , Han Ying , Wang Liangliang , Yuan Zuguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe treatment of breast cancer (BC) calls for targeted methods to overcome chemoresistance (CR). This study is expected to figure out the mechanism of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)‐mediated pyroptosis and CR in BC cells. BC cell lines resistant to paclitaxel (PTX) and cis‐diamminedichloro‐platinum (DDP) were prepared. Expressions of Stat5, miR‐182, and NLRP3 were detected. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50), proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis rate, and levels of pyroptosis‐related factors were appraised and determined. The binding relationships of Stat5 and miR‐182, and miR‐182 and NLRP3 were testified. Stat5 and miR‐182 were highly expressed in drug‐resistant BC cells. Silencing Stat5 reduced proliferation and colony formation of drug‐resistant BC cells, coincided with elevated levels of pyroptosis‐related factors. Stat5 bound to the promoter region of miR‐182 to promote miR‐182 expression. miR‐182 inhibition reversed the role of silencing Stat5 in BC cells. miR‐182 inhibited NLRP3. Overall, Stat5 bound to the promoter region of miR‐182 to promote miR‐182 expression and inhibit NLRP3 transcription, thereby suppressing pyroptosis and enhancing CR of BC cells.
Stakeholders' perspectives on caregiver outcomes for health care transition for adolescents and young adults with special health care needs: A qualitative study
Authors: Fair Cynthia De Vane , Betz Cecily , Naranjo Diana , Porter Jerlym , Bailey Elizabeth Caitlin , Korycinski Hannah , Ferris Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious literature has explored parent/caregiver perspectives and satisfaction with the health care transition (HCT) process for their adolescents and young adults with special health care needs (AYASHCN). Limited research has explored the opinion of health care providers and researchers on parent/caregiver outcomes associated with a successful HCT for AYASHCN.MethodsA web‐based survey was distributed through the international and interdisciplinary Health Care Transition Research Consortium listserv, which at the time of the survey was composed of 148 providers dedicated to optimizing the HCT of AYAHSCN. Participants responded to the open‐ended question, ‘What parent/caregiver‐related outcome(s) would represent a successful healthcare transition?’ Respondents included 109 providers (52 health care professionals, 38 social service professionals and 19 other). Responses were coded for emergent themes, and research suggestions were identified.ResultsQualitative analyses identified two major themes: emotion‐ and behaviour‐based outcomes. Emotion‐based subthemes included relinquishing control of child's health management (n = 50, 45.9%) as well as parental satisfaction and confidence in their child's care and HCT (n = 42, 38.5%). Respondents also noted that parents/caregivers should experience an improved sense of well‐being and decreased stress (n = 9, 8.2%) due to a successful HCT. Behaviour‐based outcomes included early preparation and planning for HCT (n = 12, 11.0%) and parental instruction on the knowledge and skills necessary for their adolescent to independently manage their health (n = 10, 9.1%).ConclusionsHealth care providers can assist parents/caregivers in learning strategies for instructing their AYASHCN about condition‐related knowledge and skills as well as provide support for ‘letting go’ of the caregiver role during the HCT to adult‐focused health services and adulthood. Communication between the AYASCH, their parents/caregivers and paediatric‐ and adult‐focused providers needs to be consistent and comprehensive to ensure continuity of care and a successful HCT. We also offered strategies to address the outcomes suggested by the participants of this study.
Undetectable anti‐Mullerian hormone and inhibin B do not preclude the presence of germ cell tumours in 45,X/46,XY or 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis
Authors: Hannema Sabine E. , Wolffenbuttel Katja P. , van Bever Yolande , Brüggenwirth Hennie T. , van den Berg Sjoerd A. A. , Hersmus Remko , Oosterhuis J. Wolter , Looijenga Leendert H. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with 45,X/46,XY or 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis are at increased risk of germ cell malignancies. Therefore, prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy is advised in girls and considered in boys with atypical genitalia for undescended, macroscopically abnormal gonads. However, severely dysgenetic gonads may not contain germ cells rendering gonadectomy unnecessary. Therefore, we investigate if undetectable preoperative serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B can predict the absence of germ cells, (pre)malignant or otherwise.Design, Patients and MeasurementsIndividuals who had undergone bilateral gonadal biopsy and/or gonadectomy because of suspected gonadal dysgenesis in 1999–2019 were included in this retrospective study if preoperative AMH and/or inhibin B were available. Histological material was reviewed by an experienced pathologist. Haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical stainings for SOX9, OCT4, TSPY and SCF (KITL) were used.ResultsThirteen males and 16 females were included, 20 with 46,XY and 9 with 45,X/46,XY DSD. Three females had dysgerminoma alongside gonadoblastoma; two gonadoblastoma, one germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) and three males had pre‐GCNIS and/or pre‐gonadoblastoma. Gonadoblastoma and/or dysgerminoma were present in 3/11 individuals with undetectable AMH and inhibin B, one of whom also had non‐(pre)malignant germ cells. Of the other 18, in whom AMH and/or inhibin B were detectable, only one had no germ cells.ConclusionsUndetectable serum AMH and inhibin B cannot reliably predict the absence of germ cells and germ cell tumours in individuals with 45,X/46,XY or 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. This information should help in counselling about prophylactic gonadectomy, taking into account both the germ cell cancer risk and potential for gonadal function.
Effect of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg on weight‐ and health‐related quality of life in an East Asian population: Patient‐reported outcomes from the STEP 6 trial
Authors: Kolotkin Ronette L. , Jeppesen Ole Kleist , Baker‐Knight James , Lee Sang Yeoup , Tokita Asako , Kadowaki Takashi 
Published: March 2023

SummaryWe assessed the effect of semaglutide 2.4 and 1.7 mg versus placebo on weight‐related quality of life (WRQOL) and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in the STEP 6 trial. Adults from East Asia (body mass index [BMI] ≥27.0 kg/m2 with ≥2 weight‐related comorbidities, or ≥35.0 kg/m2 with ≥1 weight‐related comorbidity) were randomized 4:1:2:1 to once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo, or semaglutide 1.7 mg or placebo, plus lifestyle intervention for 68 weeks. WRQOL and HRQOL were assessed from baseline to Week 68 using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL‐Lite‐CT) and the 36‐Item‐Short‐Form‐Survey‐version‐2.0 acute (SF‐36v2), with changes in scores by categories of baseline BMI (</≥30 and ≥35 kg/m2) also assessed. In total, 401 participants (mean body weight 87.5 kg, aged 51 years, BMI 31.9 kg/m2, waist circumference 103.2 cm) were included. From baseline to Week 68, the IWQOL‐Lite‐CT Psychosocial and Total scores were significantly improved with semaglutide 2.4 and 1.7 mg versus placebo. For Physical score, effects were only in favour of semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo. In the SF‐36v2, Physical Functioning was significantly improved with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo, but no beneficial effects favouring either semaglutide treatment arms versus placebo were seen in the other SF‐36v2 domains. Benefits favouring semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo were also observed in subgroups with higher BMIs for IWQOL‐Lite‐CT and SF‐36v2 Physical Functioning scores. Treatment with semaglutide 2.4 mg improved aspects of WRQOL and HRQOL in people from East Asia with overweight/obesity.
People with opioid use disorders: A taxonomy of treatment entrants to support the development of a profile‐based approach to care
Authors: Archambault Léonie , Bertrand Karine , Jutras‐Aswad Didier , Monson Eva , Touré El Hadj , Perreault Michel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPeople with opioid use disorders (OUD) present with high levels of medical and psychosocial vulnerabilities. In recent years, studies have highlighted a shift in demographic and biopsychosocial profiles of people with OUD. In order to support the development of a profile‐based approach to care, this study aims to identify different profiles of people with OUD in a sample of patients admitted to a specialised opioid agonist treatment (OAT) facility.MethodsTwenty‐three categorical variables (demographic, clinical, indicators of health and social precariousness) were retrieved from a sample of 296 patient charts in a large Montréal‐based OAT facility (2017–2019). Descriptive analyses were followed by a three‐step latent class analysis (LCA) to identify different socio‐clinical profiles and examine their association with demographic variables.ResultsThe LCA revealed three socio‐clinical profiles: (i) “polysubstance use with psychiatric, physical and social vulnerabilities” (37% of the sample); (ii) “heroin use with vulnerabilities to anxiety and depression” (33%); (iii) “pharmaceutical‐type opioid use with vulnerabilities to anxiety, depression and chronic pain” (30%). Class 3 individuals were more likely to be aged 45 years and older.Discussion and ConclusionWhile current approaches (such as low‐ and regular‐threshold services) may be suited for many OUD treatment entrants, there may be a need to improve the continuum of care between mental health, chronic pain, and addiction services for those characterised by the use of pharmaceutical‐type opioids, chronic pain and older age. Overall, the results support further exploring profile‐based approaches to care, tailored to subgroups of patients with differing needs or abilities.