bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discussion of “Specifying prior distributions in reliability applications”: Towards new formal rules for informative prior elicitation?
Authors: Bousquet Nicolas 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe article by Tian et al. (Appl. Stoch. Models Bus. Ind. 2023) takes an interesting look at the use of non‐informative priors adapted to several censoring processes, which are common in reliability. It proposes a continuum of modelling approaches that go as far as defining weakly informative priors to overcome the well‐known shortcomings of frequentist approaches to problems involving highly censored samples. In this commentary, I make some critical remarks and propose to link this work to a more generic vision of what could be a relevant Bayesian elicitation in reliability, taking advantage of recent theoretical and applied advances. Through tools like approximate posterior priors and prior equivalent sample sizes, and by illustrating them with simple reliability models, I suggest methodological avenues to formalize the elicitation of informative priors in a auditable, defensible way. By allowing a clear modulation of subjective information, this might respond to the authors' primary concern of constructing weakly informative priors and to a more general concern for precaution in Bayesian reliability.
Hydrogel wound dressings for diabetic foot ulcer treatment: Status‐quo, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Ko Anthony , Liao Caizhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a common and often debilitating complication of diabetes that can result in lower limb amputations if left untreated. Hydrogel dressings are three‐dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers that can absorb and retain large amounts of water, and have been shown to possess excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and excellent fluid handling properties. In addition, hydrogels create a moist wound environment that promotes wound healing by supporting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Hydrogels, therefore, have emerged as promising wound dressings for promoting DFU healing. In this review, we attempt to chart the landscape of the emerging field of hydrogel as wound dressing for DFU treatment. We will explicitly review the assorted preparation methods for DFU hydrogels as well as a detailed discussion of various types of hydrogels deployed for DFU study. We also crystallize key findings, identify remaining challenges, and present an outlook on the future development of this enticing field.
Epidemiology, treatments, and related biomarkers of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in Chinese population: A scoping review
Authors: He Wang , Chen Changhao , Lin Tianxin , Xu Qian , Ye Chong , Du Jieyi , Huang Jian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveBladder cancer is the 13th most common cancer in China with the predominant histologic type being urothelial carcinoma (UC). Locally advanced and metastatic (la/m) UC accounts for 12% of UC and the five‐year survival rate is only 39.4%, imposing a significant disease and economic burden on the patients. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize existing evidence of epidemiology, the landscape of treatment options and associated efficacy and safety profiles, as well as treatment‐related biomarkers among Chinese la/mUC patients.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI) from January 2011 to March 2022 based on the scoping review criteria in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews.ResultsA total of 6211 records were identified, and further review resulted in 41 relevant studies that met all criteria. Additional searches were conducted on epidemiology and treatment‐related biomarkers of bladder cancer to supplement the evidence. Among 41 studies, 24 reported on platinum‐based chemotherapy, eight on non‐platinum‐based chemotherapy, six on immunotherapy, two on targeted therapy, and one on surgery. Efficacy outcomes were summarized by line of therapy. Treatment‐related biomarkers including PD‐L1, HER2, and FGFR3 alterations were identified, and the alteration rate of FGFR3 of Chinese UC patients was lower than that of the western patients.ConclusionsDespite chemotherapy has been the main treatment choice for decades, appealing new therapeutic strategies including ICIs, targeted therapies and ADCs were applied in clinical practice. Further research on epidemiology and treatment‐related biomarkers of la/mUC patients is needed given only a limited number of studies have been identified thus far. High genomic heterogeneity and complexity of molecular features were observed among la/mUC patients; thus, further studies are required to identify critical drivers and promote potential precise therapies.
Preventive behaviors and behavioral risk factors among gynecologic cancer survivors: Results from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey
Authors: Coughlin Steven S. , Datta Biplab , Moore Justin Xavier , Vernon Marlo M. , Tingen Martha S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaintaining a healthy lifestyle is an important factor in promoting positive outcomes for gynecologic cancer survivors.MethodsWe examined preventive behaviors among gynecologic cancer survivors (n = 1824) and persons without a history of cancer in a cross‐sectional analysis, using data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (BRFSS). BRFSS is a cross‐sectional telephone‐based survey of U.S. residents 18 years of age and older, which collects information about health‐related factors and use of preventive services.ResultsThe prevalence rates of colorectal cancer screening were respectively 7.9 (95% CI: 4.0–11.9) and 15.0 (95% CI: 4.0–11.9) %‐points higher among gynecologic and other cancer survivors compared to that of 65.2% among those without any history of cancer. However, no differences were observed in breast cancer screening between gynecologic cancer survivors (78.5%) and respondents without any history of cancer (78.7%). Coverage of influenza vaccination among gynecologic cancer survivors were 4.0 (95% CI: 0.3–7.6) %‐points higher than that of the no cancer group, but 11.6 (95% CI: 7.6–15.6) %‐points lower than that of the other cancer group. Pneumonia vaccination rate among gynecologic cancer survivors, however, was not statistically different than that of other cancer survivors and respondents with no history of cancer. When examining modifiable risk behaviors, the prevalence of smoking among gynecologic cancer survivors was 12.8 (95% CI: 9.5–16.0) and 14.2 (95% CI: 10.8–17.7) %‐points higher than smoking prevalence among other cancer survivors and respondents without any history of cancer. The rate differentials were even higher in rural areas, 17.4 (95% CI: 7.2–27.6) and 18.4 (95% CI: 7.4–29.4) %‐points respectively. There were no differences in the prevalence of heavy drinking across the groups. Lastly, gynecologic and other cancer survivors were less likely to be physically active (Δ = −12.3, 95% CI: −15.8 to −8.8 and Δ = −6.9, 95% CI: −8.5 to −5.3, respectively) than those without any history of cancer.ConclusionSmoking prevalence among gynecologic cancer survivors is alarmingly high. Intervention studies are needed to identify effective ways to assist gynecologic cancer survivors to quit smoking and refrain from hazardous alcohol consumption. In addition, women with gynecologic malignancies should made aware of the importance of physical activity.
Management of vertical bony defect using novel xenogeneic/allogeneic bone graft: A case report
Authors: Kinaia Bassam M. , Daweri Omar , Gala Roksolana , Turows Ashleigh , Harunani Abdulkareem , Neely Anthony L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundGuided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a common treatment modality for correcting vertical or bony defects in furcations. Multiple materials are used in GTR with allografts and xenografts being the most widely used. Each material has distinctive properties affecting the regenerative potential. A new bone graft combination of xenogeneic/allogeneic may improve the outcome of GTR by providing space maintenance (Xenograft) and osteoinductive potential (Allograft). The aim of this case report is to evaluate the efficacy of the new combined xenogeneic/allogeneic material based on clinical and radiographic outcomes.MethodsA 34‐year‐old healthy male presented with vertical bone loss interproximally between #’s 9 and 10. Clinical exam revealed 8 mm probing depth without mobility. The radiographic exam revealed a wide and deep vertical bony defect of 30%–50% bone loss. The defect was treated using a layering technique with xenogeneic/allogeneic bone graft and collagen membrane.ResultsThe 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups revealed a significant reduction in probing depths and radiographic bone fill.ConclusionsGTR using a layering technique of xenogeneic/allogeneic bone graft and collagen membrane showed proper correction of a deep and wide vertical bony defect. The 12‐month follow‐up revealed healthy periodontium with normal probing depths and bone level.
Selective Induction of DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Arrest Mediated by Chromone‐Triazole Dyads Derivatives: Effects on Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Saher Liza , Monteiro Fátima L. , Rocha Djenisa H. A. , Albuquerque Hélio M. T. , Silva Artur M. S. , Helguero Luisa A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChromones and triazoles are groups of heterocyclic compounds widely known to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. The combination of these two pharmacophores could result in multiple mechanisms of action to increase the potency of anticancer drugs and reduce their side effects. The in vitro antitumor effect of eight chromone‐based compounds was evaluated in breast (T‐47D and MDA‐MB‐231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines, and in non‐cancerous human mammary epithelial cells (HuMEC) using a resazurin‐based method. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle and cell death, and ɣ‐H2AX detection to identify DNA damage. The compounds showed selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, with (E)‐2‐(2‐(5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)vinyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (compound 2 a) being more potent in non‐metastatic T‐47D cells (IC50 0.65 μM). Replacing the hydrogen by a methyl group on the triazole ring in compound 2 b enhanced the cytotoxic activity up to IC50 0.24 μM in PC3, 0.32 μM in MDA‐MB‐231 and 0.52 μM in T‐47D. Compound 2 b was 3‐fold more potent than doxorubicin in PC3 (IC50 0.73 μM) and 4‐fold in MDA‐MB‐231 (IC50 1.51 μM). The addition of tetrahydroisoindole‐1,3‐dione moiety in compound 5 did not improve its effectiveness in any of the cell lines but it exerted the lowest cytotoxic effect in HuMEC (IC50 221.35 μM). The compounds revealed different cytotoxic mechanisms: 2 a and 2 b induced G2/M arrest, and compound 5 did not affect the cell cycle.
Ionic Liquid Based Treatment – A Potential Strategy to Modify Bacterial Cellulose
Authors: Munir Muneeba , Muhammad Nawshad , Uroos Maliha , Mustafa Waleed , Sharif Faiza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe constant need for advanced materials led by modern research continues the exploitation of old remedies and innovation to find new solutions. The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents has revolutionized modern chemical research. The non‐toxic green technology has inspired new paradigms in chemical reactions and synthesis. Developing nontoxic materials for industrial and biomedical applications has endorsed the use of ILs in synthesis and fabrication. In terms of biomedical materials, the exploration for novel technologies to deal with chronic and nonhealing injuries desires degradable materials. One of the vastly used biomaterials is cellulose, which is nondegradable on its own unless digested by special enzymes produced by bacteria in nature. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a naturally occurring more refined and purified form of cellulose which again is nondegradable on its own. Looking for technologies that can modify the BC in situ or ex situ is a challenge. This review is bound to give insight into the current scientific research being conducted to render BC degradable for biomedical applications. The data has been collected through Clarivate analysis, Google search, PubMed Central Identifier (PMCID), and Research Gate. The lack of available literature on this topic allowed us to include all the articles related to the subject as old as 1988 onwards.
Autoimmune hepatitis complicated by adult‐onset Still's disease during treatment with tocilizumab: A case report from acute onset to recurrence
Authors: Uchihara Daiki , Suzuki Tomohiro , Koya Yudai , Tai Mayumi , Ichii Osamu , Matsuhashi Nobuo , Ejiri Yutaka , Kato Tomoya , Honma Yuichi , Shibata Michihiko , Harada Masaru 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageThe characteristics of liver dysfunction due to adult‐onset Still's disease are not specific. Differentiating from autoimmune hepatitis is important in deciding whether to continue corticosteroid therapy, and also in terms of management of cirrhosis and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver biopsy is thought to be the most important determinant for differential diagnosis.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation and optimization of the fluid flow behaviour in a multi‐stage solar updraft tower using a new chimney design
Authors: Ghriss Ons , Aryanfar Yashar , Bouabidi Abdallah , Driss Zied , García Alcaraz Jorge Luis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work proposes a new chimney design that allows for the development of a multi‐stage solar updraft tower (SUT). The new design consists of two successive divergent chimneys. A 3D model was established to inspect the air flow behaviour within the SUT in six configurations: four multi‐stage systems with four divergence angles of the second stage were compared to the simple conventional SUT and the simple SUT with a divergent chimney. The new SUT performs better than the conventional one, while the two‐stage solar tower multiplied the system efficiency. Two high‐velocity zones appeared for the two‐stage SUT, whereas one zone occurred for the conventional system. The velocity in the two zones achieved a significant value, like that of the conventional system. In addition, the second stage's divergence angle directly impacts the velocity value inside the two stages. The static pressure distribution varies with the change in chimney design. The depression area occurs twice for the multi‐stage SUT in the inlet of each stage.
Synthesis of Diverse 1,4‐(Azaindole)[60]fullerenes via Transition‐Metal Free Three‐Component Coupling Reaction of Azaindoles, C60, and Bromoalkanes/Triphenylamines†
Authors: Huang Xinmin , Liu Zi‐Zheng , Cheng Jia‐Qi , Cao Cheng‐Yu , Li Peng‐Cheng , Xuan Jun , Li Fei 
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA transition‐metal free three‐component coupling reaction of azaindoles, C60, and bromoalkanes/triphenylamines has been developed to provide an efficient access to diverse azaindole functionalized 1,4‐C60 adducts. This protocol exhibits low cost, operational simplicity, wide substrate scope, and mild and convenient conditions.
Polynomial‐time universality and limitations of deep learning
Authors: Abbe Emmanuel , Sandon Colin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to characterize function distributions that general neural networks trained by descent algorithms (GD/SGD), can or cannot learn in polytime. The results are: (1) The paradigm of general neural networks trained by SGD is poly‐time universal: any function distribution that can be learned from samples in polytime can also be learned by a poly‐size neural net trained by SGD with polynomial parameters. In particular, this can be achieved despite polynomial noise on the gradients, implying a separation result between SGD‐based deep learning and statistical query algorithms, as the latter are not comparably universal due to cases like parities. This also shows that deep learning does not suffer from the limitations of shallow networks. (2) The paper further gives a lower‐bound on the generalization error of descent algorithms, which relies on two quantities: the cross‐predictability, an average‐case quantity related to the statistical dimension, and the null‐flow, a quantity specific to descent algorithms. The lower‐bound implies in particular that for functions of low enough cross‐predictability, the above robust universality breaks down once the gradients are averaged over too many samples (as in perfect GD) rather than fewer (as in SGD). (3) Finally, it is shown that if larger amounts of noise are added on the initialization and on the gradients, then SGD is no longer comparably universal due again to distributions having low enough cross‐predictability.
Current status of artificial intelligence analysis for the treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases using endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Kuwahara Takamichi , Hara Kazuo , Mizuno Nobumasa , Haba Shin , Okuno Nozomi , Fukui Toshitaka , Urata Minako , Yamamoto Yoshitaro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPancreatic and biliary diseases encompass a range of conditions requiring accurate diagnosis for appropriate treatment strategies. This diagnosis relies heavily on imaging techniques like endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and deep learning, is becoming integral in medical imaging and diagnostics, such as the detection of colorectal polyps. AI shows great potential in diagnosing pancreatobiliary diseases. Unlike machine learning, which requires feature extraction and selection, deep learning can utilize images directly as input. Accurate evaluation of AI performance is a complex task due to varied terminologies, evaluation methods, and development stages. Essential aspects of AI evaluation involve defining the AI's purpose, choosing appropriate gold standards, deciding on the validation phase, and selecting reliable validation methods. AI, particularly deep learning, is increasingly employed in endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography diagnostics, achieving high accuracy levels in detecting and classifying various pancreatobiliary diseases. The AI often performs better than doctors, even in tasks like differentiating benign from malignant pancreatic tumors, cysts, and subepithelial lesions, identifying gallbladder lesions, assessing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography difficulty, and evaluating the biliary strictures. The potential for AI in diagnosing pancreatobiliary diseases, especially where other modalities have limitations, is considerable. However, a crucial constraint is the need for extensive, high‐quality annotated data for AI training. Future advances in AI, such as large language models, promise further applications in the medical field.
Fear of predators alters herbivore regulation of soil microbial community function
Authors: Tian Wei , Hawlena Dror , Pagès Jordi F. , Zhong Zhiwei , Wang Deli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFear of predation can affect important ecosystem processes by altering the prey traits expression that, in turn, regulates the quantity and quality of nutritional inputs to soil. Here, we aimed to assist in bridging a knowledge gap in this cascading chain of events by exploring how risk of spider predation may affect grasshopper prey performances, and the activity of various microbial extracellular enzymes in the soil. Using a mesocosms field‐experiment, we found that grasshoppers threatened by spider predation ate less, grew slower, and had a higher body carbon to nitrogen ratio. Herbivory increased activity of all microbial extracellular enzymes examined, likely due to higher availability of root exudates. Predation risk had no effect on C‐acquiring enzymes but decreased activity of P‐acquiring enzymes. We found contrasting results regarding the effect of predation on the activity of N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase and leucine arylamidase N‐acquiring enzymes, suggesting that predation risk may alter the composition of N‐inputs to soil. Our work highlighted the importance of soil microbial enzymatic activity as a way to predict how changes in the aboveground food‐web dynamics may alter key ecosystem processes like nutritional‐cycling.
An Aboriginal‐led consortium approach to chronic disease action for health equity and holistic wellbeing
Authors: Morey Kim , Pearson Odette , Sivak Leda , Brown Katharine , Mejia Gloria , Colmer Kate , Melchers Astrid , Keech Wendy , Brown Alex 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThe Wellbeing Economy, which places human and ecological wellbeing at the centre of policy making, aligns with holistic Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander conceptualisations of health and wellbeing. In order to address chronic diseases in South Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, the South Australian Aboriginal Chronic Disease Consortium (Consortium) is fostering action in ways that align both with the Wellbeing Economy and with Health in All Policies (HiAP) approaches.MethodsIn June 2017, the Consortium was established as a collaborative partnership between government and non‐government organisations, researchers, Aboriginal organisations and communities to lead the effective implementation of three state‐wide chronic disease plans. A coordinating centre was funded to support and progress the work of the Consortium.ResultsDuring its first 5 years, the Consortium has developed a foundation for sustained system reform through partnering with stakeholders, leading projects and initiatives, advocating for key priorities, leveraging existing infrastructure and funding, supporting services, and coordinating delivery of priority actions using innovative approaches.ConclusionsThrough the Consortium governance structure, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community members, policy actors, service providers and researchers oversee, drive, influence and support the implementation of priority action initiatives. Sustained funding, competing priorities of partner organisations and project evaluation are constant challenges.So What?A consortium approach provides direction and shared priorities, which foster collaboration across and between organisations, service providers and the Aboriginal community. Aligning with HiAP approaches and the Wellbeing Economy, it harnesses knowledge, networks and partnerships that support project implementation and reduce duplication.
Cash holdings and corruption prevention commitment: Evidence from the UK
Authors: Al‐Najjar Basil , Sarhan Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study advances the literature in cash holdings in that it empirically examines the impact of corruption prevention commitment (CPC) on the cash holding strategic decisions and how such CPC might interact with cash holdings to affect firm value. We employ a sample of UK non‐financial publicly listed firms and our results are of twofold. First, we detect a significant negative relationship between CPC and cash holdings, which is consistent with the expected governance effect of CPC. Second, we find a negative interaction of CPC with cash holdings when investigating cash holdings effect on firm value, suggesting that shareholders consider CPC as an overinvestment in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity within a strong customer protection framework, such as the UK. Our findings are robust to different econometric estimations and controlling for different explanatory variables. This study offers beneficial perceptions into the notion of sustainability and sustainability standards and their implications on firms financing decisions. Finally, we argue that while this paper investigates the UK context, our results might be applicable to other countries with similar anti‐corruption structure as in the UK.