bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Currents in reconnection plasma jets: comparative study of laboratory experiments and spacecraft observations
Authors: Frank Anna G , Artemyev Anton V , Lu San , Zhang Xiao-Jia , Kyrie Natalia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a universal plasma process that has been observed in various space plasma systems and reproduced well in laboratory simulations. During reconnection, magnetic field energy is transformed into energy of fast plasma flows that propagate away from the reconnection site. The leading front of these flows is the primary interface where energies are exchanged between flows and ambient plasmas. One of the most investigated fronts is the so-called dipolarization front in the Earth’s magnetotail. This study is devoted to a thorough comparison of the current systems associated with dipolarization fronts and fronts of fast plasma flows in laboratory experiments. We show that in both systems the plasma flow front is characterized by inverse currents, which deform the magnetic field configuration of the front. Laboratory experiments further show that such inverse currents may contribute to the plasma flow breaking; we also discuss their implications for the magnetotail plasma, where a similar mechanism for plasma flow breaking is likely operating.
Optical bistability and multistability in hybrid system
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wu Xiao Meng , Dang Bo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this letter, a comprehensive investigation has been conducted on the optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) phenomena manifested by transmitted light in a ring cavity consisting of a hybrid system of metal nanoparticle (MNP) and semiconductor quantum dot (SQD). Our study has been primarily devoted to examining the influence of the distance between SQD and MNP, as well as the susceptibilities of the SQD, the MNP, and the hybrid nanostructure as a whole, on the OB and OM traits of the transmitted light. Our discoveries demonstrate that a transition from OB to OM, or vice versa, can be accomplished for a definite distance between MNP and QD. It is our contention that our proposed model may have potential applications in the domain of quantum information processes based on SQD-MNP hybrid systems.
Fabrication of glycerol functionalized silica nanoparticles via pickering emulsion for durable, superhydrophobic fabrics
Authors: Liu Lingli , Li Xin , Song Jinxing , Zhu Wei , Wang Shengpeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Stable oil-in-water Pickering emulsions were successfully developed via the simplest approach: amine-terminated polydimethylsiloxane with very high viscosity and low surface free energy was encapsulated by glycerol functionalized silica NPs using a rotor-stator device. The factors affecting the Pickering emulsions performance were investigated. At a certain process (silica NPs concentration: 3 wt%, Oil/water ratio: 1:20, emulsifying speed: 15,000 rpm, emulsifying time: 5 min), it gave smaller and more stable emulsions. Then the Pickering emulsion was applied on plain weave cotton and polyester fabrics through conventional pad-dry-cure method. The coated substrates showed superhydrophobicity and maintained good water-repellency even after 30 standard laundering cycles, which are attributed to the synergistic effect of low surface free energy composite and hierarchical roughness. By contrast, fabrics coated with classical emulsifiers stabilizing Pickering emulsion adopting the same recipes were quickly wetted by liquid droplets.
Short-term outcomes of Early versus conventional adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lee Kyung Ha , Park Soo Yeun , Song Seung Ho , Kim Hye Jin , Kim Jong Gwang , Kang Byung Woog , Lee In Kyu , Lee Yoon Suk , Kim So Hyun , Baek Seong Kyu , Bae Sung Uk , Son Gyung Mo , Bae Ki Beom , Choi Gyu-Seog , Park Jun Seok , Kim Ji Yeon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Evidence is lacking regarding the earliest timing of initiating adjuvant chemotherapy to maximize its efficacy safely. A trial was designed and conducted to evaluate the safety and oncological efficacy of early adjuvant chemotherapy compared with conventional adjuvant chemotherapy. The short-term outcomes are reported here.

Methods
A multicentre, randomized (1 : 1), open-label, phase III trial was conducted comparing early adjuvant chemotherapy with conventional adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer. Patients who underwent radical surgery who had stage III colon cancer confirmed by histopathological assessment were screened and randomized into the early adjuvant chemotherapy arm or the conventional adjuvant chemotherapy arm. The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival. The adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX was delivered between postoperative day 10 and 14 in the early adjuvant chemotherapy arm, and between postoperative day 24 and 28 in the conventional adjuvant chemotherapy arm. Toxicity and quality of life were evaluated.

Results
Between 9 September 2011 and 6 March 2020, 443 patients consented to randomization at eight sites. The intention-to-treat population included 423 patients (209 in the early adjuvant chemotherapy arm and 214 in the conventional adjuvant chemotherapy arm), and the safety population included 380 patients (192 in the early adjuvant chemotherapy arm and 188 in the conventional adjuvant chemotherapy arm). There was no statistically significant difference in overall toxicity (28.1 per cent in the early adjuvant chemotherapy arm and 28.2 per cent in the conventional adjuvant chemotherapy arm, P = 0.244), surgical complications, and quality of life between the two arms.

Conclusion
Adjuvant chemotherapy can be safely initiated 2 weeks after surgery with toxicity and quality of life comparable to conventional adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer.
Neurophysiological mechanisms of deep brain stimulation across spatiotemporal resolutions
Authors: Neumann Wolf-Julian , Steiner Leon A , Milosevic Luka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is a neuromodulatory treatment for managing the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Electrodes are chronically implanted in disease-relevant brain regions and pulsatile electrical stimulation delivery is intended to restore neurocircuit function. However, the widespread interest in the application and expansion of this clinical therapy has preceded an overarching understanding of the neurocircuit alterations invoked by deep brain stimulation. Over the years, various forms of neurophysiological evidence have emerged which demonstrate changes to brain activity across spatiotemporal resolutions; from single neuron, to local field potential, to brain-wide cortical network effects. Though fruitful, such studies have often led to debate about a singular putative mechanism.
In this Update we aim to produce an integrative account of complementary instead of mutually exclusive neurophysiological effects to derive a generalizable concept of the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. In particular, we offer a critical review of the most common historical competing theories, an updated discussion on recent literature from animal and human neurophysiological studies, and a synthesis of synaptic and network effects of deep brain stimulation across scales of observation, including micro-, meso- and macroscale circuit alterations.
Epidemiology, Disease Course, and Clinical Outcomes of Perianal Fistulas and Fissures Crohn’s Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan
Authors: Weng Meng-Tzu , Lin Kuan-Lin , Huang Ya-Ling , Karki Chitra , Hong Jin-Liern , Bennett Dimitri , Arnold Chan K , Wei Shu-Chen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Population-based data on the course of perianal disease in East Asian populations with Crohn’s disease (CD) are limited. This study examined the prevalence, clinical course, and compared the outcomes of CD patients with perianal CD (pCD) versus without pCD in Taiwan.

Methods
A nationwide population-based study was implemented from 2000 to 2017 by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.

Results
Of 2424 patients with CD, 358 (14.8%) patients with pCD were identified. Most patients with CD and pCD were men (79.3%). The mean age at CD diagnosis was lower in patients with pCD (33.7 years) than in those without pCD (44.9 years). Approximately half the patients with pCD received the pCD diagnosis at least 6 months before receiving a CD diagnosis. Approximately one-third (121/358) of patients with pCD had recurrent fistula; the median recurrence interval was 239 days. Compared with patients without pCD, patients with pCD had higher mean incidences of hospitalization (7.0 vs 3.8, P &lt; .01), outpatient visits (13 vs 2.9, P &lt; .01), and emergency room visits (10.3 vs 4.4, P &lt; .01) over a 15-year period. Although patients with pCD had higher rates of healthcare utilization, their 15-year mortality rate was lower than that of those without pCD (6.1% vs 17.3%, P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
The period prevalence of pCD in Taiwanese patients with CD was 14.8%. Although patients with pCD required more intensive care and had greater healthcare utilization, they did not have inferior survival outcomes compared with those without pCD.
Evolutionary rescue from climate change: male indirect genetic effects on lay-dates and their consequences for population persistence
Authors: Murray Myranda , Wright Jonathan , Araya-Ajoy Yimen G 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Changes in avian breeding phenology are among the most apparent responses to climate change in free-ranging populations. A key question is whether populations will be able to keep up with the expected rates of environmental change. There is a large body of research on the mechanisms by which avian lay-dates track temperature change and the consequences of (mal)adaptation on population persistence. Often overlooked is the role of males, which can influence the lay-date of their mate through their effect on the prelaying environment. We explore how social plasticity causing male indirect genetic effects can help or hinder population persistence when female genes underpinning lay-date and male genes influencing female’s timing of reproduction both respond to climate-mediated selection. We extend quantitative genetic moving optimum models to predict the consequences of social plasticity on the maximum sustainable rate of temperature change, and evaluate our model using a combination of simulated data and empirical estimates from the literature. Our results suggest that predictions for population persistence may be biased if indirect genetic effects and cross-sex genetic correlations are not considered and that the extent of this bias depends on sex differences in how environmental change affects the optimal timing of reproduction. Our model highlights that more empirical work is needed to understand sex-specific effects of environmental change on phenology and the fitness consequences for population dynamics. While we discuss our results exclusively in the context of avian breeding phenology, the approach we take here can be generalized to many different contexts and types of social interaction.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Positive Affect Skills Intervention for Adults With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Ong Anthony D , Wilcox Kenneth Tyler , Moskowitz Judith T , Wethington Elaine , Addington Elizabeth L , Sanni Mubarak O , Kim Patricia , Reid M Cary 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a positive affect skills intervention for middle-aged and older adults with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).

Research Design and Methods
Ninety-five participants with FMS aged 50 and older (94% female) were randomized to 1 of 2 conditions: (a) Lessons in Affect Regulation to Keep Stress and Pain UndeR control (LARKSPUR; n = 49) or (b) emotion reporting/control (n = 46). LARKSPUR included 5 weeks of skill training that targeted 8 skills to help foster positive affect, including (a) noticing positive events, (b) savoring positive events, (c) identifying personal strengths, (d) behavioral activation to set and work toward attainable goals, (e) mindfulness, (f) positive reappraisal, (g) gratitude, and (h) acts of kindness. Outcome data were collected via online surveys at baseline, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up.

Results
Completion rates (88%) and satisfaction ratings (10-point scale) were high (LARKSPUR: M = 9.14, standard deviation (SD) = 1.49; control: M = 8.59, SD = 1.97). Improvements were greater in LARKSPUR participants compared with control participants on measures of positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.19 [0.15, 0.24]), negative affect (Cohen’s d = −0.07 [−0.11, −0.02]), and pain catastrophizing (Cohen’s d = −0.14 [−0.23, −0.05]). Improvements in positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.17 [0.13, 0.22]) and negative affect (Cohen’s d = −0.11 [−0.15, −0.06]) were maintained at 1-month follow-up. Dose–response analyses indicated that intervention engagement significantly predicted pre-to-post and post–to-follow-up reductions in pain catastrophizing.

Discussion and Implications
The current preliminary findings add to existing literature and highlight the specific potential of internet-delivered positive affect skills programs for adults with FMS.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT04869345.
Pharmacists’ use of guidelines for the supply of non-prescription medicines: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mill Deanna , Johnson Jacinta L , Percival Mia , Lee Kenneth , Salter Sandra M , D’Lima Danielle , Seubert Liza , Clifford Rhonda , Page Amy Theresa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Guidelines support best practice for healthcare practice. In Australia, some non-prescription medicines are only accessible after consultation with a pharmacist and are known as Pharmacist Only medicines. Guidelines for providing some Pharmacist Only medicines are available, however, it is currently unknown if and how these guidelines are used in practice.
The objective was to characterise pharmacists’, intern pharmacists and pharmacy students’ use of guidelines for Pharmacist Only medicines.

Methods
A cross-sectional electronic survey of Australian registered pharmacists, intern pharmacists and pharmacy students was administered in July 2020. Questions explored the participants’ use of Pharmacist Only medicine guidelines (available both in print and online; available online only) in the preceding 12 months. Data were analysed descriptively (i.e. frequencies, percentages).

Key findings
In total, 574 eligible respondents completed the survey. Overall, 396 (69%) reported accessing the online and in-print guidelines in the previous 12 months with 185 (33%) accessing online-only guidelines. The guideline on emergency contraception was used the most out of all guidelines in the past 12 months (278, 48%). Overall, respondents reported accessing guidelines to update knowledge, check their practice reflected best practice and content familiarisation. Respondents’ reasons for not accessing guidelines were due to respondents stating they did not need the information or that they had previously accessed the guidelines more than 12 months ago. These reasons varied between respondent groups.

Conclusions
Access and use of the Pharmacist Only medicines guidelines varied between pharmacists, interns and students. Further understanding of the influences of the use of these guidelines will help inform professional bodies on how best to develop guidelines to increase consistent use in practice and implement interventions to increase use.
How the World Bank Engages with the Sustainable Development Goal on Reducing Inequalities: A Case of Organizational Jiu-Jitsu
Authors: van Driel Melanie , Biermann Frank , Vijge Marjanneke J , Kim Rakhyun E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In 2015, the United Nations agreed on seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to mobilize various actors, including international organizations, for a global transformation toward sustainability. The expectation was that international organizations would assist in the implementation of the goals and encourage, support, or coordinate others to work toward their achievement. But have international organizations over the last 8 years changed their behavior because of the SDGs? We present an in-depth examination of how the World Bank, an influential international organization with a broad development mandate, has engaged with the SDGs, especially with SDG 10 that seeks to reduce inequalities. Based on a mixed-method approach that included the study of 326 key documents and 23 interviews, we found no evidence of a policy impact of the SDGs on the World Bank. Instead, we conclude that the World Bank’s engagement with the SDGs can best be described as “organizational jiu-jitsu,” mobilizing the metaphor of the ancient martial art in which an actor uses the force and strength of the opponent to advance one’s own position. We argue that the World Bank used the growing momentum of the SDGs to further its strategic objectives without being influenced by the SDGs in turn. The bank engaged with the SDGs selectively; efforts to integrate the goals into organizational practices remained limited; and their inclusion in country-level processes is primarily voluntary. These findings, which may be similar for other powerful international organizations, raise important questions about the ability of global goal-setting to realize a transformative impact.
Dietary trace mineral pattern influences gut microbiota and intestinal health of broilers
Authors: Wang Chuanlong , Wang Liangzhi , Chen Qingyi , Guo Xiaofeng , Zhang Liyang , Liao Xiudong , Huang Yanling , Lu Lin , Luo Xugang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dietary trace minerals can impact gut flora, which can further affect intestinal health. However, the dietary balance pattern of trace minerals for the intestinal health of broilers needs to be explored. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the dietary pattern of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se on the intestinal morphology, microbiota, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, antioxidant status, and the expression of tight junction proteins in broilers. A total of 240 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to one of five treatments with six replicate cages of eight birds per cage for each treatment. The birds were fed the corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with five combination patterns of trace minerals for 42 d. The dietary treatments were as follows: the inorganic sources were added to the diet based on the recommendations of the current National Research Council (NRC, T1) and Ministry of Agriculture of P.R. China (MAP) (T2) for broiler chicks, respectively; the inorganic sources were added to the diet at the levels based on our previous results of inorganic trace mineral requirements for broilers (T3); the organic sources were added to the diet at the levels considering the bioavailabilities of organic trace minerals for broilers described in our previous studies (T4); and the organic sources were added to the diet based on the recommendations of the current MAP for broiler chicks (T5). The results showed that broilers from T1 had lower (P &lt; 0.05) crypt depth (CD), and a higher (P &lt; 0.05) villus height: CD in duodenum on day 21 and lower CD (P &lt; 0.05) in jejunum on day 42 than those from T3 and T4. Broilers from T1, T3, and T5 had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) Shannon index in cecum on day 21 than those from T4. Broilers from T1 had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) abundance of Lactobacillus in ileum on day 21 than those from T2 and T3. Broilers from T1, T2, and T5 had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) valeric acid concentrations in cecum on day 42 than those from T3 and T4. In addition, Birds from T2 had higher (P &lt; 0.05) Claudin-1 mRNA levels in jejunum on day 42 than those from T3 and T4. And birds from T3, T4, and T5 had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) Occludin protein expression levels in duodenum on day 42 than those from T2. These results indicate that dietary pattern of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se influenced gut flora and intestinal health of broilers, and the appropriate pattern of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se in the diet for intestinal health of broilers would be Cu 12 mg, Fe 229 mg, Mn 81 mg, Zn 78 mg, and Se 0.24 mg/kg (1 to 21 d of age), and Cu 11 mg, Fe 193 mg, Mn 80 mg, Zn 73 mg, and Se 0.22 mg/kg (22 to 42 d of age), when the trace minerals as inorganic sources were added to diets according to the recommendations of the current NRC.
Glucokinase and glucokinase activator
Authors: Li Changhong , Zhang Yi , Chen Li , Li Xiaoying 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) plays a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis as the glucose sensor in the pancreas and liver. Loss of function of GK results in hyperglycemia, and gain of function causes congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. We speculate that the progressive loss of GK at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in the islets and liver would be the key mechanism for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. The development of GK activator (GKA) as an anti-diabetic drug has been endeavored for several decades. The failure of the early development of GKAs is due to the limitation of understanding the mode of GKA action. The success of dorzagliatin in the treatment of T2D has brought new hope for GK in setting a good model for repairing the underlying defects in the pancreatic islets and liver of T2D patients.
Interplay of self-organization of microtubule asters and crosslinking protein condensates
Authors: Sahu Sumon , Chauhan Prashali , Lumen Ellie , Moody Kelsey , Peddireddy Karthik , Mani Nandini , Subramanian Radhika , Robertson-Anderson Rae , Wolfe Aaron J , Ross Jennifer L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a major focus of physical studies to understand organization inside cells given its primary role in cell motility, cell division, and cell mechanics. Recently, protein condensation has been shown to be another major intracellular organizational strategy. Here, we report that the microtubule crosslinking proteins, MAP65-1 and PRC1, can form phase separated condensates at physiological salt and temperature without additional crowding agents in vitro. The size of the droplets depends on the concentration of protein. MAP65 condensates are liquid at first and can gelate over time. We show that these condensates can nucleate and grow microtubule bundles that form asters, regardless of the viscoelasticity of the condensate. The droplet size directly controls the number of projections in the microtubule asters, demonstrating that the MAP65 concentration can control the organization of microtubules. When gel-like droplets nucleate and grow asters from a shell of tubulin at the surface, the microtubules are able to re-fluidize the MAP65 condensate, returning the MAP65 molecules to solution. This work implies that there is an interplay between condensate formation from microtubule-associated proteins, microtubule organization, and condensate dissolution that could be important for the dynamics of intracellular organization.