bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Literature during a Pandemic-Induced Empathy Deficit
Authors: Dukes Tyler Jean 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
These notes from the field describe one instructor's experience with adopting a narrative medicine-informed pedagogy in the literature classroom during the COVID-19 outbreak. It examines how the chronic stress of surviving through a pandemic can contribute to an international “empathy deficit” and how an attitude of receptivity and co-intentionality—paired with reading fictional stories about health and illness—can buoy the empathy reserves of both students and teachers.
Effect of Chronic Anticoagulation on Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms—A Propensity-Matched Multicenter Study
Authors: Salih Mira , Khorasanizadeh MirHojjat , Salem Mohamed M. , Baig Ammad A. , Kim Hoon , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Hoh Brian L. , Jankowitz Brian T. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Taussky Philipp , Thomas Ajith J. , Moore Justin M. , Ogilvy Christopher S. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in patients receiving anticoagulant medications has not been well studied. Whether long-term anticoagulation (AC) use affects aneurysmal obliteration rates and treatment-related complications is unclear.

METHODS:
Patients with endovascular treatment for UIA from 4 academic centers were identified and divided into AC and non-AC groups. Periprocedural complications, radiographic and clinical outcomes, and retreatment rates were compared between the 2 groups before and after propensity score matching.

RESULTS:
The initial cohort consisted of 70 patients in the AC group and 355 in the non-AC group. After one-to-one nearest neighbor propensity matching, 38 pairs of patients were compared for periprocedural complications. The total number of complications were higher in the AC group yet not significant (18.4% vs 5.3%, P = .15). After adding imaging follow-up duration to matched variables, 36 pairs were obtained. There was no significant difference in Raymond-Roy occlusion rate between the 2 groups (P = .74). However, retreatment rate trended higher in the AC group compared with the non-AC group (22.2% vs 5.6%, P = .09). When clinical follow-up duration was added among matched variables, 26 pairs of cases were obtained for long-term clinical outcomes. There was no significant difference in modified Rankin Scale score between the 2 groups (P = .61). One-to-many nearest neighbor propensities matched analysis with bigger sample sizes yielded similar results.

CONCLUSION:
The use of anticoagulants does not affect occlusion rates or long-term outcomes in endovascular treatment of UIAs. Retreatment rates were higher in the AC group; however, this was not statistically significant.
Human embryo implantation
Authors: Muter Joanne , Lynch Vincent J. , McCoy Rajiv C. , Brosens Jan J. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Embryo implantation in humans is interstitial, meaning the entire conceptus embeds in the endometrium before the placental trophoblast invades beyond the uterine mucosa into the underlying inner myometrium. Once implanted, embryo survival pivots on the transformation of the endometrium into an anti-inflammatory placental bed, termed decidua, under homeostatic control of uterine natural killer cells. Here, we examine the evolutionary context of embryo implantation and elaborate on uterine remodelling before and after conception in humans. We also discuss the interactions between the embryo and the decidualising endometrium that regulate interstitial implantation and determine embryo fitness. Together, this Review highlights the precarious but adaptable nature of the implantation process.
Effect of addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the antimicrobial properties, surface roughness and surface hardness of polymethyl methacrylate: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Kaurani Pragati , Hindocha Amit D , Jayasinghe Rasika Manori , Pai Umesh Y , Batra Kavita , Price Carrie 
Published: May 2023

Background: Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) denture-base resins have poor surface properties that facilitates microbial adhesion causing denture stomatitis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of different sizes and percentages of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) on the antimicrobial property, surface roughness and surface hardness of PMMA denture base resin. Methods: A systematic search of English peer-reviewed articles, clinical trial registries, grey literature databases and other online sources was performed using the PRISMA-S Guidelines for In-Vivo and In-Vitro studies. Qualitative data synthesis was performed to analyse sample dimensions, acrylic used, treatments of nanoparticles, methods used for testing and effect of size and percentage of nanoparticle. Risk of bias assessment was done using modified Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Out of 1376 articles, 15 were included. TiO2NP of size less than 30 nm was most frequently used. Both antimicrobial property and surface hardness improved irrespective of the size of the added TiO2NP. Three studies reported increase in the surface roughness with less than 50 nm TiO2NP. 3% TiO2NP was most frequently used. On increasing the percentage, three studies reported an increase in antimicrobial property, while two studies found no change. With TiO2NP greater than or equal to 3%, six studies reported an increase in surface hardness, while two reported increase in surface roughness. Large methodological variations were observed across studies. All studies except one were of moderate quality. Conclusions: On addition of TiO2NP to heat polymerized PMMA, the antimicrobial property and surface hardness improved irrespective of the size of the TiO2NP, however, addition of nanoparticles less than 50 nm increased the surface roughness. Increasing the percentage of TiO2NP increased the surface hardness but did not always increase the antimicrobial property. Addition of 3% TiO2NP provided optimum results with regards to antimicrobial effect and surface hardness, but increase in the surface roughness.
Queueing with Negative Network Effects
Authors: Hassin Refael , Meilijson Isaac , Perlman Yael 
Published: May 2023

Problem definition: In a Markovian queueing system with strategic customers, a reward is gained from completing service, and a loss is incurred while waiting to be served. The common assumption in the queueing literature is that such loss is a function of the customer’s waiting time. This paper takes a different and novel approach in that it models the customer’s loss incurred because of negative network effects while waiting with others, which increases as the exposure to others increases. Methodology: Waiting time is complemented by two innovative measures that capture negative effects on a tagged customer joining an M/M/c queue: the total number of customers the tagged customer meets and person-time exposure to these customers while waiting to be served. Threshold joining strategies inducing M/M/c/n–type queues are studied in this context. Results: The distributions of exposure size and exposure time of a customer joining the queue at a given position are analytically derived. Equilibria under conditions of no reneging are identified as threshold strategies. If the customer’s loss function is concave (such as an exponential model for the chance of infection during a pandemic), there is an equilibrium threshold strategy under which customers do not renege from the queue, even if reneging is allowed. The price of anarchy caused by lack of coordination among the individuals acting is identified. Unlike the equilibrium threshold built under the restrictive assumption that all potential customers have the same utility function, a novel safe threshold concept is introduced, a queue size at which a customer who joins the facility and stays until completing service has positive expected utility regardless of the actions of the other customers. Managerial implications: The implications of negative network effects caused by congestion in a queueing system are of interest to queue managers and, in particular, affect the optimal size of the waiting area. Safe and equilibrium thresholds are contrasted with the socially optimal threshold set by a regulator, and the safe threshold is suggested as a managerial tool to design the waiting room size. Funding: This work was supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grants ISF 1898/21 and ISF 852/22]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1223 .
Striking Out Swinging: Specialist Success Following Forced Task Inferiority
Authors: Bond Brittany , Poskanzer Ethan 
Published: May 2023

Organizing work around specialized professionals leverages their deep expertise and mastery of particular skills. However, as work becomes more flexible, organizations often require specialists to perform some work outside their specialization. These tasks, which distance specialists from the area of their greatest contribution, could diminish their performance by being distracting or tiring or by creating negative comparisons with others who are more proficient in that work. Contrary to these perspectives, we find robust evidence that specialists’ performance can be enhanced, rather than diminished, after work outside their specialization. Using archival data from 22 years of Major League Baseball (MLB) games and interviews with former MLB players and coaches, we find that specialized players perform better in their specialty after obligatory tasks outside of their specialization. We argue that this occurs through a process we call forced task inferiority, in which underperformance in tasks outside their specialty frustrates specialists, generating heightened arousal and drive that they can channel into better performance in their specialty work. The results are robust to alternative mechanisms, such as tasks outside a specialist’s area of specialization leading to learning, breaking monotony, or threatening the specialist’s professional identity. This research advances knowledge about managing specialists and flexible work arrangements by showing that when tasks are particularly sequenced, specialists’ performance can be enhanced, rather than diminished, by doing work outside their specialty. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1680 .
Team engagement theory: a trainee perspective of trainer clinical leadership and engagement
Authors: Bowman CR , James OP , Luton O , Robinson DBT , Hopkins L , Mellor K , Egan RJ , Lewis WG 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Engagement is increasingly perceived as a key National Health Service (NHS) performance factor. The aim of this study was to characterise surgical trainees’ experiences of the 13 engagement behaviours recommended by the NHS Leadership Academy. Methods A perception survey of engagement behaviours (grouped into 4 hierarchical levels as “essential”, “proficient”, “strong” and “exemplary”) was disseminated to surgical trainees in a UK statutory education body. Trainees’ perceived experiences of these behaviours being demonstrated by their consultant trainers were graded using a four-point Likert scale. Results Responses were received from 121 trainees (75 core surgical trainees [CSTs], 46 higher surgical trainees [HSTs]). The response rate was 52.1% for CSTs and 30.7% for HSTs. Survey responses suggested that the average consultant trainer demonstrates fewer than half (49.3%) of the 13 engagement behaviours “often” or “always”. Broken down by hierarchical group, 57.6% of essential behaviours, 46.3% of proficient behaviours, 43.8% of strong behaviours and 49.6% of exemplary behaviours were demonstrated “often” or “always”. Fewer than half (49.6%) of the trainees surveyed reported experiencing more than half of the engagement behaviours “often” or “always”. On multivariate analysis, the frequency with which trainees experienced engagement behaviour was associated with trainee seniority (odds ratio [OR]: 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41–6.58, p = 0.004) and ethnicity (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.07–5.17, p = 0.034). Conclusions Half of the trainees surveyed rarely experienced the full spectrum of engagement behaviours from clinical leaders, with approximately one in seven perceiving little or no engagement at all. Inferior performance in the General Medical Council’s fifth professional capability domain requires focused leadership correction.
Polarization control investigation based on an integrated graphene-assisted microring cavity
Authors: Fan Huibo , Chen Yulu , Pang Hanyue 
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we propose and analyze an integrated polarization-selective structure of a graphene-assisted silica microring cavity to realize polarization control due to different optical distributions of whispering-gallery modes in the microring and polarization-dependent absorptions of graphene. A graphene stripe is partially side coupled with a silica microring to distinctly influence the propagations of a TE mode and TM mode in the microring. Especially, the appearance of the plasmonic mode in the groove between the graphene and the microring enhances light–matter interaction between the graphene and the TM-polarized mode, while without that for the case of TE mode propagation. By applying voltage on the graphene stripe along with its electro-optic modulation effect, the difference in the polarization extinction ratio of 20.6 dB is obtained between the cases of the polarized TM mode and TE mode in the microring. Furthermore, a second silica microring is added in this hybrid structure to couple the original microring along with a graphene stripe embedded in between finally realizing an electromagnetically induced transparency line shape because of the plasmonic coupling in both cavities with the condition of TM mode propagation, while without any line-shape change for the case of TE mode propagation. This compact hybrid structure offers a good integrated photonic platform to realize an excellent polarization-selective device.
Hydroxyl ion absorption in on-chip high-Q resonators
Authors: Wu Lue , Gao Maodong , Liu Jin-Yu , Chen Hao-Jing , Colburn Kellan , Blauvelt Henry A. , Vahala Kerry J. 
Published: May 2023

Thermal silica is a common dielectric used in all-silicon photonic circuits. Additionally, bound hydroxyl ions (Si-OH) can provide a significant component of optical loss in this material on account of the wet nature of the thermal oxidation process. A convenient way to quantify this loss relative to other mechanisms is through OH absorption at 1380 nm. Here, using ultra-high-quality factor (Q-factor) thermal-silica wedge microresonators, the OH absorption loss peak is measured and distinguished from the scattering loss baseline over a wavelength range from 680 nm to 1550 nm. Record-high on-chip resonator Q-factors are observed for near-visible and visible wavelengths, and the absorption limited Q-factor is as high as 8 billion in the telecom band. Hydroxyl ion content level around 2.4 ppm (weight) is inferred from both Q measurements and by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) depth profiling.
Predictors of food variety and food consumption scores of adolescents living in a rural district in Ghana
Authors: Wiafe Michael Akenteng , Ayensu Jessica , Yeboah Georgina Benewaa 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
There is a dearth of information about the food variety and consumption scores of adolescents in Ghana. This study assessed predictors of food variety and consumption scores of adolescents living in a rural district in Ghana.

Method
In this cross-sectional study, a multi-stage sampling method was used to select one hundred and thirty-seven (137) adolescents from the Asante-Akim South Municipality of Ghana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, food practices and dietary intakes of study participants. Descriptive, chi-square, T-test, partial correlation and binary logistic regression were used for the data analysis.

Results
The mean food variety score was 25.8±6.4 (range 7–42) and food consumption score was 35±5.1 (range 18.6–49.9). Food variety score was significantly (p<0.05) associated with guardian income status. A significant and positive partial correlation existed between food variety score and calcium intake (r = 0.236, p<0.05). About 49% and 51% of adolescents were food insecure and food secure, respectively. Food consumption score had significant association (p<0.05) with gender (X2 = 6.1), residence (X2 = 7.0), frequency of meal (X2 = 6.8) and food variety score (X2 = 5.4). Adolescent male (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI (1.2–4.6), p = 0.017), peri-urban residency (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI (1.0–4.4), p = 0.036), having three or more meals per day (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI (1.3–13.6), p = 0.018), and a high food variety score (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI (1.0–4.2), p = 0.041) significantly predicted food consumption scores.

Conclusion
Moderate income status was associated with food variety score in our study participants. Linear relationship existed between food variety and calcium intake. Adolescent males, peri-urban residency, frequency of meals and high food variety score were the predictors of food consumption score. Nutrition-specific and nutrition sensitive programmes aimed at promoting adolescent health should involve guardians.
Viral vector delivered immunogen focuses HIV-1 antibody specificity and increases durability of the circulating antibody recall response
Authors: Williams LaTonya D. , Shen Xiaoying , Sawant Sheetal S. , Akapirat Siriwat , Dahora Lindsay C. , Tay Matthew Zirui , Stanfield-Oakley Sherry , Wills Saintedym , Goodman Derrick , Tenney DeAnna , Spreng Rachel L. , Zhang Lu , Yates Nicole L. , Montefiori David C. , Eller Michael A. , Easterhoff David , Hope Thomas J. , Rerks-Ngarm Supachai , Pittisuttithum Punnee , Nitayaphan Sorachai , Excler Jean-Louis , Kim Jerome H. , Michael Nelson L. , Robb Merlin L. , O’Connell Robert J. , Karasavvas Nicos , Vasan Sandhya , Ferrari Guido , Tomaras Georgia D. ,   RV305 study team
Published: May 2023

The modestly efficacious HIV-1 vaccine regimen (RV144) conferred 31% vaccine efficacy at 3 years following the four-shot immunization series, coupled with rapid waning of putative immune correlates of decreased infection risk. New strategies to increase magnitude and durability of protective immunity are critically needed. The RV305 HIV-1 clinical trial evaluated the immunological impact of a follow-up boost of HIV-1-uninfected RV144 recipients after 6–8 years with RV144 immunogens (ALVAC-HIV alone, AIDSVAX B/E gp120 alone, or ALVAC-HIV + AIDSVAX B/E gp120). Previous reports demonstrated that this regimen elicited higher binding, antibody Fc function, and cellular responses than the primary RV144 regimen. However, the impact of the canarypox viral vector in driving antibody specificity, breadth, durability and function is unknown. We performed a follow-up analysis of humoral responses elicited in RV305 to determine the impact of the different booster immunogens on HIV-1 epitope specificity, antibody subclass, isotype, and Fc effector functions. Importantly, we observed that the ALVAC vaccine component directly contributed to improved breadth, function, and durability of vaccine-elicited antibody responses. Extended boosts in RV305 increased circulating antibody concentration and coverage of heterologous HIV-1 strains by V1V2-specific antibodies above estimated protective levels observed in RV144. Antibody Fc effector functions, specifically antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, were boosted to higher levels than was achieved in RV144. V1V2 Env IgG3, a correlate of lower HIV-1 risk, was not increased; plasma Env IgA (specifically IgA1), a correlate of increased HIV-1 risk, was elevated. The quality of the circulating polyclonal antibody response changed with each booster immunization. Remarkably, the ALVAC-HIV booster immunogen induced antibody responses post-second boost, indicating that the viral vector immunogen can be utilized to selectively enhance immune correlates of decreased HIV-1 risk. These results reveal a complex dynamic of HIV-1 immunity post-vaccination that may require careful balancing to achieve protective immunity in the vaccinated population.
Trial registration: RV305 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01435135). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00223080.
Impulsivity and Psychiatric Morbidity in Suicide Attempters - A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern Kerala
Authors: Amrutha Francis  , Druhin Adavalath  , Padmini Cherukunnath  
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
In this study, we wanted to evaluate the prevalence and association of impulsivity and psychiatric morbidity in suicide attempters, along with the socio-demographic characteristics of those who attempt suicide.
METHODS
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study conducted among 150 patients who presented with a history of suicide attempt to the Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, from 1st May 2021 to 30th April 2022 after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants.
RESULTS
Psychiatric morbidity was seen among 81% of the study participants, and the commonest among them were mood disorders (47%) including (major depression, bipolar, and dysthymia) followed by a general anxiety disorder, phobia, anxiety disorder NOS, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and stress-related disorder (14%). The overall scores were observed to be a mean (SD) of 62.3 (8.9), while the distribution of BIS “Non- Planning”, BIS “Motor Impulsiveness” and BIS “Attentional Impulsiveness” was observed to be 29.6 (7.1), 19.5 (4.9), and 13.1 (3.4) respectively. Also, it was seen that there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of BIS scores in relation to the overall score, “Non- Planning”, and BIS “Motor Impulsiveness” between the proportion having psychiatric morbidity and without psychiatric morbidity (p-value <0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
We found that a history of suicide attempts was more common among males. The 4/5th of the participants had some form of psychiatric morbidity and the most common ones seen among the participants were major depression, bipolar, and dysthymia followed by anxiety disorder.
A Comparative Study of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate Versus Intrathecal Magnesium Sulphate in 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Spinal Anaesthesia for Elective Infraumbilical Surgery
Authors: Krishna Deepthi P.P.  , Bandana Mahanta  
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
In this study, we wanted to compare the characteristics of subarachnoid block when intrathecal versus intravenous magnesium sulphate was used with 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in elective infraumbilical surgery.
METHODS
This was a hospital based prospective randomized clinical parallel arm study double-blinded (patient and observer blinded) single hospital study conducted among 100 patients who presented with elective infraumbilical surgery under spinal anaesthesia to the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, from 1st June 2021 to 31st May 2022 after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants.
RESULTS
The onset of sensory block, and comparison of duration of analgesia with respect to time to first analgesic request was found to be statistically significant. While comparing, duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in the intravenous group. Magnesium administered intravenously or intrathecally was not linked to any harmful side effects.
CONCLUSIONS
Infraumbilical procedures that use intravenous magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal anaesthetic extend the time that post-operative analgesia lasts. Intrathecal co-administration of Magnesium sulphate with 0.5% hyperbaric bupicavaine delays the onset of sensory block compared to intravenous MgSO4.