bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origin and flow of a Bronze Age urban population in ancient China: an investigation based on the craniometric study
Authors: Han Tao , Liu Yaxiong , Zhang Wenxin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Dahekou cemetery in southern Shanxi Province is an important archaeological site dating to the Western Zhou period (1046 BC-771 BC). Based on the inscriptions on funerary artefacts, the cemetery is believed to belong to a local enfeoffed state named Ba (霸), which was not mentioned in historical records. Previous archaeological studies failed to reach any definite conclusion on the origin and flow direction of the Dahekou people, which was one of the research questions of concern, waiting to be interpreted. In this paper, we assessed the biological affinity between the Dahekou people and the populations that lived before and after them in the surrounding area by conducting a cluster analysis of their craniometric data. The results show that the earlier Youyao group, the later Shangma and Taosibei groups have the closest affinity to the Dahekou population. This paper thus argues that the Dahekou people were most likely descendants of a branch of a nomadic civilization named Di (狄) who came from north-central Shanxi. After the demise of the Ba state, the Dahekou people were incorporated into the people of the Jin (晋) state represented by two nearby cemeteries. This study also shows that craniometry could assist in the addressing of some research questions which failed to be answered by historical records, like where the people of a newly enfeoffed state of a Bronze Age dynasty came from.
Feasibility within-subject RCT of neuromuscular electrical stimulation; an Intervention to Maintain and improve neuroMuscular function during period of Immobility (IMMI)
Authors: Alqurashi Helal B. , Masud Tahir , Gordon Adam Lee , Piasecki Mathew , O’Connor Dominic , Robinson Katie , Gladman John R. F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a potentially effective intervention to improve outcomes after a fragility fracture, but its feasibility in this group has not been established.

Methods
A feasibility study was conducted in two phases: 1) in the hospital only, and 2) hospital, rehabilitation centres, and participants’ homes. Patients with fragility fracture were randomised to receive NMES for 6 weeks/discharge either to the right or left leg, with the other leg serving as control. Patients who had no mobility issues had contraindications to NMES and were unable to give consent were excluded. NMES was applied to quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles for 30 min, 3 days/week. Sessions were progressed to achieve 60 min, 5–7 days/week. Feasibility outcomes included participant characteristics, recruitment rate, tolerability, and number of NMES sessions. Clinical outcomes included muscle strength, and ADL at six months.

Results
Overall, 1052 patients were identified, of whom 113 (11%) were eligible, and 29 (3%) were recruited (median Clinical Frailty Score 3, median Barthel ADL score 93/100). The recruitment rate was 0.45/week in phase 1 and 0.9/week in phase 2. Fifty-three percent achieved the target of 24 NMES sessions. However, 5/29 withdrew due to intolerance of NMES. Leg muscle strength improved in both treated and untreated legs, with marginally greater improvement observed in the tibialis anterior of treated legs.

Conclusion
Although it would be feasible to evaluate the specific effect of NMES in fragility fracture patients in a multi-centre trial using home-based NMES, this would be possible only in a minority of mildly frail fragility fracture patients with little premorbid disability.
Patient-reported outcomes, provider-reported outcomes, and physiologic parameters after gender-affirming hormone treatment in Canada: a systematic review
Authors: Jackman Liam , Chan Cynthia , Garvilles Micon , Kamran Rakhshan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Canada has experienced a ten-fold increase in referrals for gender-affirming care. Clinical guidelines emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and systematic approach to outcome measurement for gender-affirming hormonal care. However, research is lacking on the investigation of outcomes of Canadian gender-affirming hormonal treatments.

Methods
In total, five databases were searched, as follows: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL on December 26, 2023. To meet inclusion criteria, each study needed to be an original article including patients identifying as transgender or gender diverse (TGD) who were receiving gender-affirming hormonal care in Canada. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools were used to assess the methodological quality of the study. Descriptive frequencies were calculated for demographic information and a narrative synthesis was conducted to summarize outcomes organized for different treatments.

Results
A total of 3315 articles were identified, with 34 articles being included, representing 3990 patients. Physiologic parameters were reported in 62% of the studies and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in 50%, although only 32% utilized standardized patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). In studies reporting quantitative results, testosterone treatments showed 80% effectiveness in achieving desired physical changes, while several studies demonstrated that estrogen and antiandrogen treatments improved mental health in 85% of patients. The narrative synthesis of the results reveals positive outcomes and limited adverse effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy; however, it also underscores the need for standardized, consistent outcome measurement tools, particularly PROMs.

Conclusion
The present systematic review highlights the need for standardized outcome reporting in gender-affirming hormone therapy, underscoring the need for measurement of the patient’s perspective through PROMs. Resolving these issues can improve evidence-based practices and support high-quality, patient-centered gender-affirming hormone care.
“It Takes a Village”: Parental Experiences with Cooperation to Overcome Cyberbullying in Norwegian Schools
Authors: Bell Martyna , Fandrem Hildegunn 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigated parental beliefs and experiences with cooperation among adults to overcome cyberbullying in Norwegian schools. Data comprised 17 semi-structured interviews conducted with parents of adolescents enrolled in primary or lower secondary schools in Norway. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) individual and (2) organizational aspects influencing cooperation, (3) cyberbullying as a form of aggression, and (4) interactional dimensions of cooperation. These findings highlight the complexity of cyberbullying characteristics and mesosystemic cooperation, which require expertise in various fields. The viral and covert nature of cyberbullying requires adults to create spaces, online or offline, where children may safely report unwanted behaviors without the fear of retaliation. Any barriers to cooperation, such as language, lack of technological knowledge, and resource allocation, must be addressed. Immigrant parents contributed insights regarding barriers to cooperation due to cultural and linguistic differences. Attitudes, behaviors, and outcomes need to be addressed before cooperation based on trust, support, and realistic goals can be implemented.
Discretization-independent surrogate modeling of physical fields around variable geometries using coordinate-based networks
Authors: Duvall James , Duraisamy Karthik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Numerical solutions of partial differential equations require expensive simulations, limiting their application in design optimization, model-based control, and large-scale inverse problems. Surrogate modeling techniques aim to decrease computational expense while retaining dominant solution features and characteristics. Existing frameworks based on convolutional neural networks and snapshot-matrix decomposition often rely on lossy pixelization and data-preprocessing, limiting their effectiveness in realistic engineering scenarios. Recently, coordinate-based multilayer perceptron networks have been found to be effective at representing 3D objects and scenes by regressing volumetric implicit fields. These concepts are leveraged and adapted in the context of physical-field surrogate modeling. Two methods toward generalization are proposed and compared: design-variable multilayer perceptron (DV-MLP) and design-variable hypernetworks (DVH). Each method utilizes a main network which consumes pointwise spatial information to provide a continuous representation of the solution field, allowing discretization independence and a decoupling of solution and model size. DV-MLP achieves generalization through the use of a design-variable embedding vector, while DVH conditions the main network weights on the design variables using a hypernetwork. The methods are applied to predict steady-state solutions around complex, parametrically defined geometries on non-parametrically-defined meshes, with model predictions obtained in less than a second. The incorporation of random Fourier features greatly enhanced prediction and generalization accuracy for both approaches. DVH models have more trainable weights than a similar DV-MLP model, but an efficient batch-by-case training method allows DVH to be trained in a similar amount of time as DV-MLP. A vehicle aerodynamics test problem is chosen to assess the method’s feasibility. Both methods exhibit promising potential as viable options for surrogate modeling, being able to process snapshots of data that correspond to different mesh topologies.
Enhancing dynamical system modeling through interpretable machine-learning augmentations: a case study in cathodic electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Jacobsen Christian , Dong Jiayuan , Khalloufi Mehdi , Huan Xun , Duraisamy Karthik , Akram Maryam , Liu Wanjiao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce a comprehensive data-driven framework aimed at enhancing the modeling of physical systems, employing inference techniques and machine-learning enhancements. As a demonstrative application, we pursue the modeling of cathodic electrophoretic deposition, commonly known as e-coating. Our approach illustrates a systematic procedure for enhancing physical models by identifying their limitations through inference on experimental data and introducing adaptable model enhancements to address these shortcomings. We begin by tackling the issue of model parameter identifiability, which reveals aspects of the model that require improvement. To address generalizability, we introduce modifications, which also enhance identifiability. However, these modifications do not fully capture essential experimental behaviors. To overcome this limitation, we incorporate interpretable yet flexible augmentations into the baseline model. These augmentations are parameterized by simple fully-connected neural networks, and we leverage machine-learning tools, particularly neural ordinary differential equations, to learn these augmentations. Our simulations demonstrate that the machine-learning-augmented model more accurately captures observed behaviors and improves predictive accuracy. Nevertheless, we contend that while the model updates offer superior performance and capture the relevant physics, we can reduce off-line computational costs by eliminating certain dynamics without compromising accuracy or interpretability in downstream predictions of quantities of interest, particularly film thickness predictions. The entire process outlined here provides a structured approach to leverage data-driven methods by helping us comprehend the root causes of model inaccuracies and by offering a principled method for enhancing model performance.
Leadership Reconfiguration in State-Acquired Privately Owned Enterprises: A Paradox between Institutional Control and Agency
Authors: Min Yijie , Lu Junyan , Wu Yunke , Zhang Yanlong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aims to explore the dynamics of leadership reconfiguration within emergent state-owned enterprises (SOEs), i.e., privately owned enterprises (POEs) that have been acquired by SOEs. From an institutional logic perspective, we argue that the emergence of these SOEs reflects a process in which POEs, previously dominated by market logic, incorporate state logic and transition to a hybrid form. However, this process presents a paradox for emergent SOEs: while a greater extent of reconfiguration of leadership helps them gain greater legitimacy in front of state-related institutional referents, it also results in greater conflicts between members adhering to different logics. To address this paradox, we theorize on the differences in the reconfigurations of the board and top management team (TMT) by respectively connecting their functions to institutional control and agency, two typical forms of institutional power. Our analysis reveals that emergent SOEs tend to experience reconfiguration more in the board while less in TMT. Furthermore, we find that these main effects are moderated by the industrial state-ownership density and acquirees' preacquisition political connections. Our study contributes to the SOE and M&A literature by highlighting the uniqueness of emergent SOEs arising from POE-to-SOE acquisitions. Additionally, we propose a strategy to reconcile legitimation and internal stabilizations during logic hybridizations, thereby contributing to the institutional logic literature.
Prefrontally mediated inhibition of memory systems in dissociative amnesia
Authors: Marsh Laura C. , Apšvalka Dace , Kikuchi Hirokazu , Abe Nobuhito , Kawaguchi Jun , Kopelman Michael D. , Anderson Michael C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms underlying generalized forms of dissociative (‘psychogenic’) amnesia are poorly understood. One theory suggests that memory retrieval is inhibited via prefrontal control. Findings from cognitive neuroscience offer a candidate mechanism for this proposed retrieval inhibition. By applying predictions based on these experimental findings, we examined the putative role of retrieval suppression in dissociative amnesia.MethodsWe analyzed fMRI data from two previously reported cases of dissociative amnesia. Patients had been shown reminders from forgotten and remembered time periods (colleagues and school friends). We examined the neuroanatomical overlap between regions engaged in the unrecognized compared to the recognized condition, and the regions engaged during retrieval suppression in laboratory-based tasks. Effective connectivity analyses were performed to test the hypothesized modulatory relationship between the right anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (raDLPFC) and the hippocampus. Both patients were scanned again following treatment, and analyses were repeated.ResultsWe observed substantial functional alignment between the inhibitory regions engaged during laboratory-based retrieval suppression tasks, and those engaged when patients failed to recognize their current colleagues. This included significant activation in the raDLPFC and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and a corresponding deactivation across autobiographical memory regions (hippocampus, medial PFC). Dynamic causal modeling confirmed the hypothesized modulatory relationship between the raDLPFC and the hippocampus. This pattern was no longer evident following memory recovery in the first patient, but persisted in the second patient who remained amnesic.ConclusionsFindings are consistent with an inhibitory mechanism driving down activity across core memory regions to prevent the recognition of personally relevant stimuli.
Association between auditory mismatch negativity and visual working memory in school-age children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Yang Han , Guo Jialiang , Yin Weizhen , Deng Yangyang , Fu Tong , Huang Shitao , Huang Jipeng , Hong Danping , Zhu Zhihang , Yang Chanjuan , Zhou Yanling , Song Yan , Dang Cai-Ping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients exhibit characteristics of impaired working memory (WM) and diminished sensory processing function. This study aimed to identify the neurophysiologic basis underlying the association between visual WM and auditory processing function in children with ADHD.MethodsThe participants included 86 children with ADHD (aged 6–15 years, mean age 9.66 years, 70 boys, and 16 girls) and 90 typically developing (TD) children (aged 7–16 years, mean age 10.30 years, 66 boys, and 24 girls). Electroencephalograms were recorded from all participants while they performed an auditory discrimination task (oddball task). The visual WM capacity and ADHD symptom severity were measured for all participants.ResultsCompared with TD children, children with ADHD presented a poorer visual WM capacity and a smaller mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude. Notably, the smaller MMN amplitude in children with ADHD predicted a less impaired WM capacity and milder inattention symptom severity. In contrast, the larger MMN amplitude in TD children predicted a better visual WM capacity.ConclusionsOur results suggest an intimate relationship and potential shared mechanism between visual WM and auditory processing function. We liken this shared mechanism to a total cognitive resource limit that varies between groups of children, which could drive correlated individual differences in auditory processing function and visual WM. Our findings provide a neurophysiological correlate for reports of WM deficits in ADHD patients and indicate potential effective markers for clinical intervention.
Characterizing of dropouts in the mental health of refugees and asylum seekers (MEHIRA) study examining the effects of a stepped and collaborative care model – a multicentered rater-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kemna Solveig , Bringmann Max , Karnouk Carine , Hoell Andreas , Tschorn Mira , Kamp-Becker Inge , Padberg Frank , Übleis Aline , Hasan Alkomiet , Falkai Peter , Salize Hans-Joachim , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Banaschewski Tobias , Schneider Frank , Habel Ute , Plener Paul , Hahn Eric , Wiechers Maren , Strupf Michael , Jobst Andrea , Millenet Sabina , Hoehne Edgar , Sukale Thorsten , Schuster Martin , Dinauer Raphael , Mehran Nassim , Kaiser Franziska , Lieb Klaus , Heinz Andreas , Rapp Michael , Bajbouj Malek , Böge Kerem 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDropout from healthcare interventions can negatively affect patients and healthcare providers through impaired trust in the healthcare system and ineffective use of resources. Research on this topic is still largely missing on refugees and asylum seekers. The current study aimed to characterize predictors for dropout in the Mental Health in Refugees and Asylum Seekers (MEHIRA) study, one of the largest multicentered controlled trials investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a nationwide stepped and collaborative care model.MethodsPredictors were multiply imputed and selected for descriptive modelling using backward elimination. The final variable set was entered into logistic regression.ResultsThe overall dropout rate was 41,7%. Dropout was higher in participants in group therapy (p = 0.001; OR = 10.7), with larger satisfaction with social relationships (p = 0.017; OR = 1.87), with difficulties in maintaining personal relationships (p = 0.005; OR = 4.27), and with higher depressive symptoms (p = 0.029; OR = 1.05). Participants living in refugee accommodation (p = 0.040; OR = 0.45), with a change in social status (p = 0.008; OR = 0.67) and with conduct (p = 0.020; OR = 0.24) and emotional problems (p = 0.013; OR = 0.31) were significantly less likely to drop out of treatment.ConclusionOverall, the outcomes of this study suggest that predictors assessing social relationships, social status, and living conditions should be considered as topics of psychological treatment to increase adherence and as predictors for future research studies (including treatment type).
Mammals lost and at risk of extinction in Jordan: historical analysis of constitutions and hunting laws
Authors: Eid Ehab , Abu Azam Sadam 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Jordan’s mammalian fauna has experienced significant declines due to intensified hunting since the early twentieth century, leading to the extinction of six species and threatening 39% of the remaining species. This research evaluates the evolution of Jordan’s hunting laws across three historical stages – the Ottoman period, the establishment of Jordan and the modern era – highlighting their impacts on mammalian diversity and identifying legislative gaps contributing to species declines. Using Arabic-based legal databases and historical archives, we found that inadequate legal frameworks, political instability, economic pressures and weak enforcement often accelerated species depletion. Notably, the 1957 Hunting Law permitted hunting of vulnerable species with a licence and of predators without a licence, worsening species decline. Although the 1962 Defense Law aimed to protect nature, its expiration hindered progress. The 1966 Hunting Law largely duplicated the 1957 law, perpetuating these problems, and then hunting regulations were absorbed into agricultural law, undermining conservation efforts. Despite these legal shortcomings, Jordan’s modernization vision provides hope for reform, including the potential restoration of the Hunting Law under the Ministry of Environment and incorporating the right to a healthy environment into Jordan’s constitution to help prevent a mass extinction of mammals.
Metaphysical permanencies and variations on Medieval and Renaissance minor beauty
Authors: Salvestrini Amalia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article aims to explore a theme of the metaphysica paupera from the reflections of the Friar Minor Luca Pacioli, highlighting their roots in the Neo-Platonic and Augustinian tradition, but also in some aspects of the Franciscan one. I will show, firstly, how in the early Franciscan environment the idea of minor beauty was progressively developed in relation to the form of life that places poverty at its centre. Secondly, I will outline how, in Bonaventure’s reflections, this idea, initially associated with a practical and moral dimension, is reframed in a theological sense, in terms of evangelical perfection, and in a metaphysical sense, finding its full foundation in the idea of a proportional beauty that establishes a metaphysics of relationship. Finally, I will highlight how both ideas – that of a metaphysics of relationship and a Franciscan matrix – persist in Pacioli, in his mathematization of knowledge, capable of including minor beauty as the metaphysical principle of the world, as well as of all human activities and forms of knowledge.