bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gelingensfaktoren für die Arbeitsmarktintegration von
Menschen mit psychischer Beeinträchtigung – eine qualitative
Befragung von Betrieben in Österreich
Authors: Gruber Dominik , Böhm Martin , Gattringer Fabiola 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Studie untersucht, welche Bedingungen und Maßnahmen die
Anstellung und betriebliche Integration von Menschen mit psychischen
Beeinträchtigungen befördern.
Methodik Es wurden 26 leitfadengestützte qualitative Interviews
mit Betrieben aus ganz Österreich geführt. Davon
beschäftigen 15 Betriebe zum Zeitpunkt des Interviews Personen mit
psychischen Beeinträchtigungen, 11 Betriebe haben bisher keine Person
mit psychischer Beeinträchtigung beschäftigt.
Ergebnisse Betriebe, die Personen mit psychischer Beeinträchtigung
beschäftigen, verweisen auf ein ideelles, soziales oder
gesellschaftspolitisches Motiv und setzen vielfältige Maßnahmen
ein. Betriebe, bei denen Personen mit deklarierter psychischer Erkrankung bisher
keine Anstellung fanden, äußern Unsicherheiten und damit
verbundene ambivalente Erwartungen in Bezug auf die Anstellung.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass es notwendig ist,
Unternehmen zu den Möglichkeiten und Rahmenbedingungen zur
arbeitsmarktbezogenen Integration von Menschen mit psychischen
Beeinträchtigungen zu informieren und zu sensibilisieren.
COVID-19-Related Pleural Diseases
Authors: Iqbal Beenish , Rahman Najib M. , Hallifax Rob J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related pleural diseases are now well recognized. Since the beginning of the pandemic, increasing cases of pleural diseases including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pleural effusion with severe COVID-19 infection have attracted the attention of physicians and are not incidental or due to barotrauma. The complicated course of COVID-19 illness highlights the complex pathophysiological underpinnings of pleural complications. The management of patients with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum is challenging as the majority require assisted ventilation; physicians therefore appear to have a low threshold to intervene. Conversely, pleural effusion cases, although sharing some similar patient characteristics with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, are in general managed more conservatively. The evidence suggests that patients with COVID-19-related pleural diseases, either due to air leak or effusion, have more severe disease with a worse prognosis. This implies that prompt recognition of these complications and targeted management are key to improve outcomes.
Comparison of ALIF and PLIF in Isthmic Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis. A Multicenter Surveillance Study of 602 cases from the German Spine Registry (DWG Register)
Authors: Bock Lore Marie , Rauschmann Michael , Heck Vincent , Sellei Richard , Vinas-Rios Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Isthmic spondylolisthesis most commonly occurs in the lumbosacral junction and can cause backpain and radicular pain as well as stiffness with progressive immobilization, with a negative impact on an individual's ability to work and quality of life. Multiple operative treatments are currently available. This study aims to compare complications, demography, and clinical features between anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and posterior lumber body fusion (PLIF) in the operative treatment in isthmic spondylolisthesis.
Methods An analysis of data from the German spine registry (Deutsche Wirbelsäulengesellschaft [DWG]-Register) of patients who underwent operative treatment (PLIF and ALIF) for isthmic spondylolisthesis in the sacrolumbar junction in 170 departments between January 2017 and May 2021 was performed. Age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, surgical approach, smoker/nonsmoker, as well as severeness of the spondylolisthesis according to the Meyerding classification were evaluated.
Results In total, 602 patients undergoing fusion in L5/S1 were identified in the registry, n = 570 PLIF (group 1) and n = 32 ALIF (group 2). A significant difference in the ASA score between the two groups was noted; group 1 had more patients suffering a more debilitating disease in comparison to group 2. There was no significant difference in gender, grade of spondylolisthesis, age, or smoking status. Significant differences were found in operative and postoperative variables and complications (fusion material, dura injury).
Conclusion No difference was found between the two procedures in terms of symptomatic benefit of patients who underwent either ALIF or PLIF. According to the DWG Register, PLIF was the preferred method to treat isthmic spondylolisthesis in the sacrolumbar junction in Germany. To compare these two spine fusion techniques, further studies with an adequate sample size and follow-up period are required.
Exercise Physiology and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: Sietsema Kathy E. , Rossiter Harry B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAerobic, or endurance, exercise is an energy requiring process supported primarily by energy from oxidative adenosine triphosphate synthesis. The consumption of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide in muscle cells are dynamically linked to oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and carbon dioxide output (V̇CO2) at the lung by integrated functions of cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematologic, and neurohumoral systems. Maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) is the standard expression of aerobic capacity and a predictor of outcomes in diverse populations. While commonly limited in young fit individuals by the capacity to deliver oxygen to exercising muscle, (V̇O2max) may become limited by impairment within any of the multiple systems supporting cellular or atmospheric gas exchange. In the range of available power outputs, endurance exercise can be partitioned into different intensity domains representing distinct metabolic profiles and tolerances for sustained activity. Estimates of both V̇O2max and the lactate threshold, which marks the upper limit of moderate-intensity exercise, can be determined from measures of gas exchange from respired breath during whole-body exercise. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) includes measurement of V̇O2 and V̇CO2 along with heart rate and other variables reflecting cardiac and pulmonary responses to exercise. Clinical CPET is conducted for persons with known medical conditions to quantify impairment, contribute to prognostic assessments, and help discriminate among proximal causes of symptoms or limitations for an individual. CPET is also conducted in persons without known disease as part of the diagnostic evaluation of unexplained symptoms. Although CPET quantifies a limited sample of the complex functions and interactions underlying exercise performance, both its specific and global findings are uniquely valuable. Some specific findings can aid in individualized diagnosis and treatment decisions. At the same time, CPET provides a holistic summary of an individual's exercise function, including effects not only of the primary diagnosis, but also of secondary and coexisting conditions.
Automated Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage from Head CT Scans Applying Deep Learning Techniques in Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Comparative Review
Authors: Agrawal Deepak , Poonamallee Latha , Joshi Sharwari 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is not only an acute condition but also a chronic disease with long-term consequences. Intracranial hematomas are considered the primary consequences that occur in TBI and may have devastating effects that may lead to mass effect on the brain and eventually cause secondary brain injury. Emergent detection of hematoma in computed tomography (CT) scans and assessment of three major determinants, namely, location, volume, and size, is crucial for prognosis and decision-making, and artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) has received extended attention after demonstrations that it could perform at least as well as humans in imaging classification tasks. This article conducts a comparative review of medical and technological literature to update and establish evidence as to how technology can be utilized rightly for increasing the efficiency of the clinical workflow in emergency cases. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic database of PubMed and Google Scholar from 2013 to 2023 to identify studies related to the automated detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to filter out the most relevant articles. We identified 15 studies on the development and validation of computer-assisted screening and analysis algorithms that used head CT scans. Our review shows that AI algorithms can prioritize radiology worklists to reduce time to screen for ICH in the head scans sufficiently and may also identify subtle ICH overlooked by radiologists, and that automated ICH detection tool holds promise for introduction into routine clinical practice.
Anterior Skull Base Outcomes and Complications: A Propensity Score–Matched Evaluation of Age and Frailty as Measured by mFI-5 from the ACS-NSQIP Database
Authors: Bauer Sawyer , Findlay Matt , Khan Majid , Alexander Hepzibha , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Hamrick Forrest , Hunsaker Josh , Karsy Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Frailty is increasingly recognized as a predictor of surgical outcomes; however, its utility in anterior cranial fossa (ACF) surgery remains unclear. We analyzed whether age and frailty are independent predictors of outcomes after ACF surgery using a retrospective cohort study.
Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried, by Current Procedural Terminology codes, for ACF procedures in 2005 to 2020. Cases included open approaches, endoscopic approaches, and all tumor types except for pituitary adenoma. A propensity score–matched data set was analyzed via multiple logistic regression.
Results Unmatched multivariate analysis of ACF cases demonstrated that severe frailty (modified 5-item frailty index [mFI-5] ≥ 3) was independently associated with having any (odds ratio [OR] = 3.67) and minor (OR = 5.00) complications (both p < 0.001). Analysis of individual mFI-5 components demonstrated poor functional status was significantly associated with any (OR = 3.39), major (OR = 3.59), and minor (OR = 3.14) complications (all p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, only age was modestly impactful on minor complications (OR = 1.02) and extended length of stay (eLOS) (OR = 1.02) (p < 0.001). Frailty did not maintain its predictive ability after matching. Nonindependent functional status, as a subcomponent of mFI maintained significant predictive ability for any (OR = 4.94), major (OR = 4.68), and minor (OR = 4.80) complications and eLOS (OR = 2.92) (all p < 0.001).
Conclusion After propensity score matching, age demonstrated a greater ability to predict postoperative complications in ACF surgery than frailty. Rather than age or frailty, functional status served as a better outcome predictor and potential guide for patient counseling. Further validation of these findings in multicenter or disease-specific studies is warranted as well as aims to preoperatively improve functional status in ACF surgery.
On the frontline of democracy: poll workers’ evaluations of elections
Authors: Högström John , Jerhov Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn democracies, elections in which voters elect their leaders and hold them accountable are the most important part of the democratic process. This study is about the people who work on the frontline of democracy and who play a major role in elections, namely poll workers. Surprisingly little is known about how poll workers evaluate elections, and we provide a detailed analysis of poll workers' views of how elections work in Sweden. We do this by reporting and analysing the results from a survey conducted among poll workers in Sweden shortly after the 2022 election. The results show that although many types of polling station-related problems were rare, some problems occurred to a greater extent than we expected. It is also clear that many of the problems had a negative impact on the poll workers' evaluations of the quality of the voting process.
Towards development of Spark-Less-Avalanche-Microstructures
Authors: Waldmann T. , Fabbietti L. , Gasik P. , Peskov V. , Ulukutlu B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Spark-Less-Amplification-Microstructures are a new type of gaseous detectors, which should
allow overcoming the discharge limitations of the current MPGD technologies. Preliminary studies
revealed that sparks usually appear in the narrow region of the amplification gap, where the
electric field lines are parallel to each other. The SLAM detector is specifically designed to
overcome these disadvantageous regions by ensuring radial electric fields in the anode region of
the avalanche gap.
Fucoidan and microtopography on polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels guided axons and enhanced neuritogenesis of pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells
Authors: Yao Yuan , Feng Fan , David Dency , Yim Evelyn K F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Artificial nerve grafts that support axon growth hold promises in promoting nerve regeneration and function recovery. However, current artificial nerve grafts are insufficient to regenerate axons across long nerve gaps. Specific biochemical and biophysical cues are required to be incorporated to artificial nerve grafts to promote neural cell adhesion and guide neurite outgrowth. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nerve conduits have been clinically approved, but the applicability of PVA nerve conduits is limited to short injuries due to low cell binding. In this study, we explored the incorporation of biochemical cues and topographical cues for promoting neuritogenesis and axon guidance. PVA was conjugated with extracellular matrix proteins and fucoidan, a bioactive sulfated polysaccharide, to improve cell adhesion. Micro-sized topographies, including 1.8 μm convex lenses, 2 μm gratings, and 10 μm gratings were successfully fabricated on PVA by nanofabrication, and the synergistic effects of topography and biochemical molecules on pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) neuritogenesis and neurite alignment were studied. Conjugated fucoidan promoted the percentage of PC12 with neurite outgrowth from 0% to 2.8% and further increased to 5% by presenting laminin on the surface. Additionally, fucoidan was able to bind nerve growth factor (NGF) on the surface and allow for PC12 to extend neurites in NGF-free media. The incorporation of 2 μm gratings could double the percentage of PC12 with neurite outgrowth and neurite length, and guided the neurites to extend along the grating axis. The work presents a promising strategy to enhance neurite formation and axon guidance, presenting significant value in promoting nerve regeneration.
Auxetic incisions with alternating slit shapes: a promising technique for enhancing synthetic skin grafts expansion
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Chanda Arnab 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Split thickness skin grafts are widely used in treating burn injuries. To date, with limited availability of donor skin and minimal expansions offered by conventional skin grafting, it is challenging to cover large and severe burns. In this study, novel synthetic skin grafts with alternating slit (AS) shaped cut patterns were developed and tested to evaluate the expansion potentials offered by auxetic or negative Poisson’s ratio structures in skin grafting. A range of auxetic incision patterns were designed with varying unit cell dimensions, and these were projected onto skin using 3D printing. The mechanical properties and digital image correlation of the created synthetic skin grafts were used to determine stress, effective Poisson’s ratio, meshing ratio (MR), and generated strains for strain loadings of up to 150%. The AS graft simulant with equal slit lengths and low slit spacings exhibited the maximum negative Poisson’s effect, expansion, and Mr Expansions were inversely related with the spacing between slits. The lowest value for the MR and highest stress was observed with high spacing, high horizontal slit length, and low vertical slit length. The expansions were highly sensitive to the applied strain, with low strains exhibiting high auxeticity. Such an extensive experimental investigation of the expansion potentials and stress estimations of skin grafts with varying AS dimensional parameters have not been conducted previously. The findings would be crucial for advancing research on mitigation of large burn injuries using high expansion skin grafts.
Green building rating systems: A critical comparison between LOTUS, LEED, and Green Mark
Authors: Doan Dat Tien , Tran Hung Van , Aigwi Itohan Esther , Naismith Nicola , Ghaffarianhoseini Amirhosein , Ghaffarianhoseini Ali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite being established in Vietnam for over a decade, LOTUS has not achieved the same popularity as other international green building rating systems (GBRS), such as LEED and Singapore’s Green Mark (GM). Consequently, concerns about its effectiveness persist. This study employed a systematic literature review to compare and analyse the effectiveness of LOTUS against LEED and GM rating systems. The findings revealed that LEED was the most widely adopted GBRS in Vietnam. While the primary criteria identified across all three systems were energy, water, materials, and indoor environment, the critical aspect of sustainability was environmental. Although GM placed a greater emphasis on sustainability and climate-responsive design, LEED and LOTUS prioritised site location. These results suggest that the late introduction and complexities surrounding the initial versions of LOTUS significantly contributed to its limited popularity in Vietnam. To enhance its effectiveness, this study recommends that the Vietnam Green Building Council (VGBC) increase its engagement with green building researchers and construction stakeholders both within and outside Vietnam, with the aim of simplifying its approach. A more user-friendly and streamlined version of LOTUS will likely encourage adoption by Vietnamese construction practitioners, thereby raising awareness of green building practices in Vietnam.
Neural-prior stochastic block model
Authors: Duranthon O , Zdeborová L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The stochastic block model (SBM) is widely studied as a benchmark for graph clustering aka community detection. In practice, graph data often come with node attributes that bear additional information about the communities. Previous works modeled such data by considering that the node attributes are generated from the node community memberships. In this work, motivated by a recent surge of works in signal processing using deep neural networks as priors, we propose to model the communities as being determined by the node attributes rather than the opposite. We define the corresponding model; we call it the neural-prior SBM. We propose an algorithm, stemming from statistical physics, based on a combination of belief propagation and approximate message passing. We analyze the performance of the algorithm as well as the Bayes-optimal performance. We identify detectability and exact recovery phase transitions, as well as an algorithmically hard region. The proposed model and algorithm can be used as a benchmark for both theory and algorithms. To illustrate this, we compare the optimal performances to the performance of simple graph neural networks.
Quantum information diode based on a magnonic crystal
Authors: Shukla Rohit K , Chotorlishvili Levan , Vijayan Vipin , Verma Harshit , Ernst Arthur , Parkin Stuart S P , Mishra Sunil K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Exploiting the effect of nonreciprocal magnons in a system with no inversion symmetry, we propose a concept of a quantum information diode (QID), i.e. a device rectifying the amount of quantum information transmitted in the opposite directions. We control the asymmetric left and right quantum information currents through an applied external electric field and quantify it through the left and right out-of-time-ordered correlation. To enhance the efficiency of the QID, we utilize a magnonic crystal. We excite magnons of different frequencies and let them propagate in opposite directions. Nonreciprocal magnons propagating in opposite directions have different dispersion relations. Magnons propagating in one direction match resonant conditions and scatter on gate magnons. Therefore, magnon flux in one direction is damped in the magnonic crystal leading to an asymmetric transport of quantum information in the QID. A QID can be fabricated from an yttrium iron garnet film. This is an experimentally feasible concept and implies certain conditions: low temperature and small deviation from the equilibrium to exclude effects of phonons and magnon interactions. We show that rectification of the flaw of quantum information can be controlled efficiently by an external electric field and magnetoelectric effects.
An oviduct glycan increases sperm lifespan by diminishing the production of ubiquinone and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Hughes Jennifer R , McMorrow Katie J , Bovin Nicolai , Miller David J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sperm storage by females after mating for species-dependent periods is used widely among animals with internal fertilization to allow asynchrony between mating and ovulation. Many mammals store sperm in the lower oviduct where specific glycans on oviduct epithelial cells retain sperm to form a reservoir. Binding to oviduct cells suppresses sperm intracellular Ca2+ and increases sperm longevity. We investigated the mechanisms by which a specific oviduct glycan, 3-O-sulfated Lewis X trisaccharide (suLeX), prolongs the lifespan of porcine sperm. Using targeted metabolomics, we found that binding to suLeX diminishes the abundance of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the precursor to ubiquinone (also known as Coenzyme Q), 30 min after addition. Ubiquinone functions as an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC). 3-O-sulfated Lewis X trisaccharide also suppressed the formation of fumarate. A component of the citric acid cycle, fumarate is synthesized by succinate-coenzyme Q reductase, which employs ubiquinone and is also known as Complex II in the ETC. Consistent with the reduced activity of the ETC, the production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) was diminished. The enhanced sperm lifespan in the oviduct may be because of suppressed ROS production because high ROS concentrations have toxic effects on sperm.
Intersectional Making of the ‘Sri Lankan Case’: The Racialization of Domestic Violence in the Swiss Police Force
Authors: Khazaei Faten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article uses an intersectional lens to ethnographically analyze police treatment of domestic violence in Switzerland. The analysis suggests three interlinked explanatory factors to understand the differential treatment of domestic violence for white Swiss/European nationals on the one hand, and racialized non-European migrants on the other. These factors are (1) prevailing generalized representations of the racialization of violence against women in Switzerland, (2) the police professional logic used to categorize sections of the public, and (3) the specific police institutional memory of two emblematic cases of domestic violence involving families of Sri Lankan nationality. The article discusses the implications of this differential treatment not only for racialized non-Europeans but also for Swiss and white European women subjected to domestic violence.