bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflection and transmission of surface waves at a vertical discontinuity and imaging of lateral heterogeneity using reflected fundamental Rayleigh waves
Authors: Meier T. , Malischewsky P. G. , Neunhöfer H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present a technique for the determination of approximate reflection and transmission coefficients of surface-wave modes for a vertical plane discontinuity that is simple to use. It is applied to different models of lateral heterogeneity. Furthermore, a method for the localization of lateral heterogeneity using the coda of the fundamental Rayleigh mode is proposed. In particular, the frequency content of surface waves enables the investigation of the lower crust and the uppermost mantle. Lateral changes of the S-wave velocity, density, and P-wave velocity lead to the formation of the coda of the fundamental Rayleigh mode that contains delayed surface waves that reach the recording station indirectly. The complicated structure of the coda makes it impossible to identify reflected surface waves visually using a small number of recordings only. Coda waveforms of a large number of source-station pairs are inverted simultaneously for experimental reflection coefficients. The method is successfully tested using an ultrasonic model experiment. Finally, it is applied to Central Europe and especially to the Tornquist zone (TZ), mainly using records of the German Regional Seismological Network (GRSN). The resulting reflection coefficients depend on frequency and give an image of the location of reflectors.
Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Surgery in the Morbidly Obese Patient
Authors: Carroll Jeremy D. , Young Joseph R. , Mori Benjamin Villacres , Gheewala Rohan , Lakra Akshay , DiCaprio Matthew R. 
Published: April 2023

» Obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30, is a serious public health concern associated with an increased incidence of stroke, diabetes, mental illness, and cardiovascular disease resulting in numerous preventable deaths yearly.» From 1999 through 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of morbid obesity (BMI ≥40) in US adults aged 20 years and older has risen steadily from 4.7% to 9.2%, with other estimates showing that most of the patients undergoing hip and knee replacement by 2029 will be obese (BMI ≥30) or morbidly obese (BMI ≥40).» In patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA), morbid obesity (BMI ≥40) is associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications, including prosthetic joint infection and mechanical failure necessitating aseptic revision.» The current literature on the role that bariatric weight loss surgery before TJA has on improving surgical outcomes is split and referral to a bariatric surgeon should be a shared-decision between patient and surgeon on a case-by-case basis.» Despite the increased risk profile of TJA in the morbidly obese cohort, these patients consistently show improvement in pain and physical function postoperatively that should be considered when deciding for or against surgery.
Quantitative Surface Morphology ofAmmoniaCF.BeccariiandAmmonia Parkinsonianaby Atomic Force Microscopy: Taxonomic Potential
Authors: Subba Rohan , Ghosh Anupam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is used to quantify the surface morphology of two benthic foraminiferal species. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is traditionally used for surface ultrastructural studies but cannot estimate three-dimensional measurements. Therefore, AFM is used to measure pore depth and surface roughness, as well as two-dimensional features such as pore density, pore diameter, and porosity. Specimens of Ammonia cf. beccarii and Ammonia parkinsoniana have been analyzed in this study. The species have been compared in this pilot study by mapping the test structure in three dimensions. The two species have a distinct topographical contrast and significant differences in pore density, diameter, porosity, depth, and surface roughness. It is demonstrated here that AFM can be used to understand the morphological differences with finer details between the species of foraminifera. The effect of the environment on the estimated surface parameters should be investigated.
Application of information from external data to correct for collider bias in a Covid-19 hospitalised cohort
Authors: Learoyd Annastazia , Nicholas Jennifer , Hart Nicholas , Douiri Abdel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, researchers have made use of electronic health records to research this disease in a rapidly evolving environment of questions and discoveries. These studies are prone to collider bias as they restrict the population of Covid-19 patients to only those with severe disease. Inverse probability weighting is typically used to correct for this bias but requires information from the unrestricted population. Using electronic health records from a South London NHS trust, this work demonstrates a method to correct for collider bias using external sourced data while examining the relationship between minority ethnicities and poor Covid-19 outcomes.Methods The probability of inclusion within the observed hospitalised cohort was modelled based on estimates from published national data. The model described the relationship between hospitalisation, patient ethnicity, and death due to Covid-19 – all the components of example relationship experiencing collider bias. The obtained probabilities (as applied to the observed patient cohort) were used as inverse probability weights in survival analysis examining ethnicity (and covariates) as a risk factor for death due to Covid-19.Results Within the observed cohort, unweighted analysis of survival suggested a reduced risk of death in those of Black ethnicity – differing from the published literature. Applying inverse probability weights to this analysis corrected this aberrant result. This correction was true when the analysis was applied to patients within only the first wave of Covid-19 and across two waves of Covid-19 and was robust against adjustments to the modelled relationship between hospitalisation, patient ethnicity, and death due to Covid-19 made as part of a sensitivity analysis.Conclusions In conclusion, this analysis demonstrates the feasibility of using external publications to correct for collider bias (or other forms of selection bias) induced by the restriction of a population to a hospitalised cohort using an example from the recent Covid-19 pandemic.
Sewage sludge biofertilizer impacts the accumulation of heavy metals in the leaves and fruits of sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata Curtis)
Authors: de Freitas Allan Rocha , Fávaris Nathália Aparecida Bragança , de Mello Tamyris , Pires Fábio Ribeiro , Otoni Wagner Campos , Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Lopes José Carlos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Treatment of industrial sewage results in the production of a solid residue, sewage sludge, whose rich organic matter and chemical content makes it useful in agriculture. However, some soil components can be potentially toxic to humans if they enter the food chain. The aim of this study was to analyze the accumulation of heavy metals in the leaves and fruits of Passiflora alata Curtis grown on sewage sludge. Sweet passion fruit plants were cultivated in plain Oxisol soil and in lime-adjusted Oxisol enriched with sludge. After fruit maturation, the leaves and fruits were collected, growth variables were measured, and the concentration of arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, and lead was determined. The use of sewage sludge increased the concentration of essential elements and organic matter in the soil, thereby favoring plant growth and development. However, the sludge caused also the differential accumulation of heavy metals in the leaves and fruits of sweet passion fruit.
Unknown Rheumatic Cardiac Disease as Cause of Acute Onset Post-Partum Dyspnea: a Case Report
Authors: De Pinho António , de Sousa Andreia Mota , Melo Anabela , Ferreira Anabela 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Acute post-partum dyspnea configures an obstetric challenge with multiple differential diagnosis.
Case Presentation: We present a case of a previous healthy woman with preeclampsia who developed severe dyspnea 30 hours after delivery. She complained of cough, orthopnea, and bilateral lower extremities oedema. She denied headaches, blurry vision, nausea, vomiting, fever or chills. Auscultation revealed a diastolic murmur, and was compatible with pulmonary oedema. A timely bedside echocardiogram showed moderate dilated left atrium with severe mitral insufficiency suggestive of an unknown rheumatic disease. She was managed with noninvasive ventilation, loop diuretics, vasodilators, thromboprophylaxis, head-end elevation, and fluid restriction with progressive improving.
Conclusions: Previously silent cardiac diseases constitute intriguing causes of post-partum dyspnea with pulmonary oedema. A timely and multidisciplinary approach is required to manage these situations.
Large Gaps in Public Awareness of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Hong Kong: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Lai Angel , Chan Tsz Him , Tan Guang-Ming , Chan Christy KY , Xu Daniel JL , Wong Ken KT , Lai Sushanna PS , Lam Ching Clarise , Yan Bryan P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is prevalent and associated with significant cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity. However, PAD is under-recognized and awareness is low in the community, especially in Asian countries. We aimed to assess awareness of PAD relative to other CV diseases and risk factors and perceived consequence of PAD. Insights into public awareness of PAD will form the basis to develop strategies to improve clinical care for PAD patients.METHODS 1,008 adults attending outpatient clinics at the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong were recruited between January 2020 and August 2020. Participants were considered (i) aware of a condition if they have “heard about and could describe the disease” or (ii) not aware if they cannot. Bivariate analysis for awareness of PAD by selected participant characteristics was performed, and differences between groups were analyzed with Pearson’s chi-square tests.RESULTS Only 36.7% of participants were aware of PAD which was significantly lower than diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. Among patients who were aware of PAD, most associated the disease with walking difficulties and blood clots but significantly fewer were aware of serious CV complications including death, heart attack, stroke and limb loss.CONCLUSION Overall awareness of CV diseases and risk factors was high. However, awareness of PAD was significantly lower compared to other CV diseases and risk factors. Education ought to emphasize on CV complications of PAD which are comparable to that of CAD and CVD.
Prediction of Survival and Analysis of prognostic factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A 20-year of Imaging Diagnosis in Upper Northern Thailand
Authors: Nakharutai Nawapon , Chitapanarux Imjai , Traisathit Patrinee , Srikumm Pimwarat , Pojchamarnwiputh Suwalee , Inmutto Nakarin , Chiangmai Wittanee Na 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
To evaluate survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Chiang Mai Cancer Registry provided characteristics data of 6276 HCC patients diagnosed between 1998-2020 based on evolution of imaging diagnosis. Evolution can be separated into four cohorts, namely, cohort 1 (1990-2005) when we had ultrasound (US) and single-phase computed tomography (CT), cohort 2 (2006-2009) when one multi-phase CT and one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were added, cohort 3 (2010-2015) when MRI with LI-RADS was added, and finally, cohort 4 (2016-2020) when two upgraded MRIs with LI-RADS were added.
Methods:
Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the relation between death and risk factors including methods of imagining diagnosis, gender, age of diagnosis, tumor stages, history of smoking and alcohol-use, while Kaplan–Meier curves were used to calculate survival rates.
Results:
The median age of diagnosis was 57.0 years (IQR: 50.0-65.0) and the median survival time was 5.8 months (IQR: 1.9–26.8) during the follow-up period. In the univariable analysis, all factors were all associated with a higher risk of death in HCC patients except age of diagnosis. In a multivariable analysis, elderly age at diagnosis, regional and metastatic stages and advanced methods of imagining diagnosis during cohorts 2 and 3 were independently associated with the risk of death in HCC patients. The survival rate of patients diagnosed during cohort 4 was significantly higher than the other cohorts.
Conclusion:
As a significantly increasing survival rate of HCC patients, advanced methods of imagining diagnosis in cohort 4 can be recommended as a guideline of imaging diagnosis.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Intention to Obtain HPV Vaccination Among Undergraduate Students in Saint Lucia
Authors: Daniel Esther Shirley , Nelson-George Tisha , Ramdeen-Mootoo Gloria , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Seiwdass Parbatee , Victor Virginia Mary 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective In the Caribbean, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of mortality. Without interventions, the incidence is predicted to increase by 66% within the next decade, with over 56,000 women being diagnosed with cervical cancer annually and more than 28,000 succumbing to the disease. However, life-saving prevention and treatment measures are available. This research sought to explore potential differences in knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to receive HPV vaccinations among male and female undergraduate students at a chosen Community College in St. Lucia.Methods This investigation utilized a descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional approach, with participants (n = 100) chosen through random sampling and completing 59-item self-administered questionnaires addressing the targeted variables. Multivariable statistical techniques were employed to determine independent predictors for HPV-vaccine acceptance among participants.Results Despite recognizing the associated risks, the findings highlighted a substantial deficit in public health promotion efforts. Firstly, although HPV is widespread in St. Lucia and causes cancer in both genders, there is insufficient awareness-raising about HPV. Secondly, the vaccine is not accessible in St. Lucia. Thirdly, the high expenses associated with the vaccine ($500 US) and HPV test ($275 EC) serve as barriers to obtaining them. Lastly, HPV vaccine uptake was minimal among participants; only 7 out of 100 had been vaccinated and received it in the US. Despite low vaccine uptake, 53% acknowledged the urgent need for vaccination.Conclusions Integrating HPV vaccination within healthcare and HPV awareness initiatives can yield positive outcomes in mitigating cancer's long-term impact on St. Lucia's male and female populations. Educational programs could prove advantageous in enhancing knowledge about HPV and vaccinations.
A novel mutation causing complete TYK2 deficiency, with severe respiratory viral infections, EBV-driven lymphoma, and Jamestown Canyon viral encephalitis
Authors: Roussel Lucie , Pham-Huy Anne , Yu Andrea C , Venkateswaran Sunita , Perez Anna , Bourdel Guillaume , Sun Yichun , Villavicencio Stephanya Tellez , Bernier Stephane , Li Yongbiao , Kazimerczak-Brunet Makayla , Alattar Rolan , Déry Marc-André , Shapiro Adam J. , Penner Justin , Vinh Donald C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Autosomal recessive Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) deficiency is characterized by susceptibility to mycobacterial and viral infections. Here, we report a four-year-old female with severe respiratory viral infections, EBV-driven Burkitt-like lymphoma, and infection with the neurotropic Jamestown Canyon virus. A novel, homozygous c.745C > T (p.R249*) variant was found in TYK2. The deleterious effects of the TYK2 lesion were confirmed by immunoblot; by evaluating functional responses to IFN-α/β, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23; and by assessing its scaffolding effect on cell surface expression of cytokine receptor subunits. The effects of the mutation could not be pharmacologically circumvented in vitro, suggesting that alternative modalities, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy, may be needed. We characterize the first patient from Canada with a novel homozygous mutation in TYK2.
A Theoretical Study on the Interaction of 1,4-Benzodiazepines with 2-Hydroxypropyl-βCD: Insights from Molecular Dynamics and DFT Calculations
Authors: Koli Mokhtar Ganjali , Malekshah Rahime Eshaghi , Hajiabadi Hossein 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study delves into the interaction between benzodiazepine (BZD) drugs and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD), a cyclodextrin (CD) known to improve drug delivery and enhance therapeutic outcomes. We find that the 2HPβCD’s atoms become more rigid in the presence of chlordiazepoxide (CDP), clonazepam (CLZ), and diazepam (DZM), whereas they become more flexible in the presence of nordazepam (NDM) and nitrazepam (NZP). We also investigated the structure of 2HPβCD and found that loading these drugs increases both the area and volume of the 2HPβCD cavity, making it more suitable for drug delivery. According to our research, all the drugs have negative binding free energies, indicating thermodynamic favorability and improved solubility. The binding free energy order of the BZDs was consistent in both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods, with CDP and DZM having the highest affinity for binding. We also analyzed the contribution of different interaction energies in binding between the carrier and the drugs and found that Van der Waals energy is the primary component. Our results indicate that the number of hydrogen bonds between 2HPβCD/water slightly decreases in the presence of BZDs, but the hydrogen bond’s quality remains constant.
Academic literacy practices in scientific initiation of high school students: uses, interactions, and meanings
Authors: Leite Evandro G. , Pereira Regina C. M. , Barbosa Maria S. M. F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

In this article, we thematize the uses, interactions and meanings of academic literacy in the scientific initiation of high school students at a public educational institution in Brazil. We aim to understand participants' conception of the practices experienced in academic literacy regarding constitutive elements: participants/groups, artifacts/resources, settings/domain, and activities/routines. These elements are categories provided by New Literacy Studies. We qualitatively analyzed scientific initiation research reports and responses through a questionnaire applied to advisors and students who developed and completed scientific initiation projects in the area of Agricultural Sciences at the Pau dos FerrosCampusof the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) between 2015 and 2017. The data reveal that, on scientific initiation, students have the opportunity to interact with a wide range of text genres from the academic domain. Furthermore, these students would experience and be able to learn the specificities of experiences that are quite characteristic of scientific work. Therefore, high school students can engage in comprehension and textual production activities with academic texts. As a result, scientific initiation is an experience that provides these students with knowledge of academic literacy practices.
Total Polyphenolic, Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Capacity of Homemade Kara Sakı Apple Vinegar Produced by Traditional Method Using Different Yeast Materials
Authors: Kılıçgün Hasan , Yangılar Filiz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Apple is a significant fruit that studied in recent years in vinegar production owing to its phytochemicals and health effects. In this study, the bioactive content, microbial, physicochemical, sensory and functional properties of seven different vinegar samples traditionally produced using different yeast materials (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chickpea, buckwheat, barley, whey, natural home apple vinegar and commercial apple cider vinegar) were assessed. Significant differences were found in sensory analysis, dry matter, ash, pH, total acidity, brix, alcohol, viscosity, total sugar and color values in traditional vinegar samples (p < 0.05). The total antioxidant activities, polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of apple vinegar types are 44.45 ± 8.69 and 470.30 ± 2.40 mg GAE/100 mL, respectively; 34.82 ± 0.30 and 81.02 ± 2.77 mg QE/100 mL; 29.169 ± 1.43 and 29.169 ± 1.43 DPPH% were obtained. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), mold and yeast, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) varied from 5.53 ± 0.18 to 2.62 ± 0.19 log CFU/ml, 3.4 ± 0.08 to 1 ± 0.01 log CFU/ml, 3.85 ± 1.06 to 1.01 ± 0.01 log CFU/ml and 4.48 ± 0.04 to 1.35 ± 0.21 log CFU/ml, respectively. The sensory evaluation results showed that the panelists liked the commercial, natural and chickpea vinegars the most. In current study is very important because it is the first scientific study on the use of the apple variety in the production of vinegar using different yeasts, and it will help more detailed studies to be done from now on.
The fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans adapts to the host environment through TOR-mediated remodeling of phospholipid asymmetry
Authors: Krysan Damian , Ristow Laura , Jezewski Andrew , Chadwick Benjamin , Stamnes Mark , Lin Xiaorong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cryptococcus spp. are environmental fungi that first must adapt to the host environment before they can cause life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Host CO2 concentrations are 100-fold higher than the external environment and strains unable to grow at host CO2 concentrations are not pathogenic. Using a genetic screening and transcriptional profiling approach, we found that the TOR pathway is critical for C. neoformans adaptation to host CO2 partly through Ypk1-dependent remodeling of phosphatidylserine asymmetry at the plasma membrane. We also identified a candidate C. neoformans floppase (Lat1) that is highly expressed in CO2-sensitive environmental strains and suppresses CO2-induced phosphatidylserine remodeling. Interestingly, regulation of plasma membrane lipid asymmetry by the TOR-Ypk1 axis is distinct in C. neoformans compared to S. cerevisiae. Finally, host CO2 concentrations suppress the C. neoformans pathways that respond to host temperature (Mpk1) and pH (Rim101), indicating that host adaptation requires a stringent balance among distinct stress responses.