bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water hydration of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Yan Yuyue , Zhao Hongwei , Niu Xudong , Liu Liyuan , Ouyang Chunmei , Zhang Weili 
Published: May 2023

In this work, GHz and THz complex dielectric spectra of a polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (2000 g/mol) aqueous solution were studied. The reorientation relaxation of water in this kind of macro-amphiphilic molecule solution can be well described by three Debye models, including under-coordinated water, bulk-like water [water molecules in a tetrahedral hydrogen bond network (bulk water) and bulk water molecules affected by hydrophobic groups], and slow hydrating water (water molecules donating hydrogen bonds to hydrophilic ether groups). The reorientation relaxation timescales of bulk-like water and slow hydration water both show increases with concentration from 9.8 to 26.7 ps and from 46.9 to 100.1 ps, respectively. By estimating the ratios of the dipole moment of slow hydration water to the dipole moment of bulk-like water, we calculated the experimental Kirkwood factors of bulk-like and slow hydrating water. The experimental Kirkwood factor of bulk-like water increased from 3.17 to 3.44 with concentrations, while the experimental Kirkwood factor of slow hydrating water roughly remained constant at 4.13 from concentrations of 15%–60%. The estimated water molecule numbers of three water components around monomers also confirm our sorting for water components.
The fast camera (Fastcam) imaging diagnostic systems on the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Marini C. , Boedo J. A. , Hollmann E. M. , Chousal L. , Mills J. , Popović Z. , Bykov I. 
Published: May 2023

Two camera systems are installed on the DIII-D tokamak at the toroidal positions of 90° (90° system) and 225° (225° system), respectively. The cameras have two types of relay optics, namely, a coherent optical fiber bundle and a periscope system. The periscope system provides absolute intensity calibration stability while sacrificing resolution (10 lp/mm), while the fiber system provides high resolution (16 lp/mm) while sacrificing calibration stability. The periscope is available only for the 90° system. The optics of the 225° system were designed for view stability, repeatability, and easy maintenance. The cameras are located inside optimized neutron, x ray and magnetic shielding in order to reduce electronics damage, reboots, and magnetic and neutron interference, increasing the overall system reliability. An automated filter wheel, providing remote filter change, allows for remote wavelength selection. A software suite automates camera acquisition and data storage, allowing for remote operation and reduced operator involvement. System metadata is used to streamline the data analysis workflow, particularly for intensity calibration. The spatial calibration uses multiple observable wall features, resulting in a reconstruction accuracy ≤2 cm.
The impact of Cu-polluted and organic soil on the fibrous plant; insights into plant growth promotion, antioxidant defences system, and oxidative stress
Authors: Ameen Farukh , Mumtaz Sahar , Ali Baber , Hussain Iqbal , Hafeez Aqsa , Gul Ambreen , Elsharkawy Mohsen Mohamed , Hashim Taghred A. , Yasin Ghulam , Khan Muhammad Nauman , Ali Iftikhar , Eldin Sayed M. , Rashwan Mohamed A. , Elansary Hosam O. , Ali Shafaqat 
Published: May 2023

Copper (Cu) is an abundant essential micronutrient element in various rocks and minerals and is required for a variety of metabolic processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, excess Cu can disturb normal development by adversely affecting biochemical reactions and physiological processes in plants. However, organic soil is rich in micronutrients and can assist plants to tolerate toxicity by promoting growth and biomass. This study explored the potential of organic and Cu-contaminated soil on fibrous jute (Corchorus capsularis). Plants were grown in the organic soil, natural soil (normal soil) and Cu-contaminated soil for 60 days, and we studied different growth, physiological and ultra-structure alterations in the plant. Results showed that the addition of organic acid in the soil showed a remarkable increase in seed germination, plant height, fresh biomass, photosynthetic pigment and gas exchange parameters, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the tissues when compared to the plants grown in the natural soil. In contrast, plants grown in the Cu-contaminated soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the seed germination, plant height, fresh biomass, photosynthetic pigment and gas exchange parameters, and increased MDA content, proline concentration and the activities of various antioxidant compounds; i.e. peroxidase (POD) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD). In addition, Cu toxicity also destroyed many membrane bounded organelles especially the chloroplast, which was revealed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We concluded that Cu toxicity affected growth and physiological attributes in C. capsularis, while addition of organic soil increased plant growth and biomass.
National identity revisited
Authors: Guliashvili Nino 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

National Identity is a discursively constructed complex entity which can reshape an image of a nation. Even one person powerful enough to be a representative of the whole nation can promote a collective sense of nationality/patriotism and sovereignty of the country in line with social, historical, or most importantly, a versatile geopolitical context. The present study is an illustration of how lexical choices of a particular political figure – the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy – identified by specific corpus linguistic research tools in the discourse, defines and emphasizes a national integrity during the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war. Corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis is applied to investigate how a prominent Ukrainian political figure – Volodymyr Zelenskyy discursively constructs national identity in the context of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war. The research is based on the linguistic scrutiny of presidential video addresses, which are stored at the official presidential website and transcribed in English.
Landwhales, femoids and sub-humans
Authors: Bogetić Ksenija , Heritage Frazer , Koller Veronika , McGlashan Mark 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Incels, or involuntary celibates, are a community of typically heterosexual young men who wish to, but do not, have sexual and romantic relationships with women. As a community, they have previously been characterised by their hatred for women and violent acts against members of society who they believe prevent them from having relations with women. In this paper, we highlight the pervasiveness of metaphor in incel communication, so far unaddressed in the budding studies of incel language. Specifically, using a sample of circa 22,500 words from the banned incel Reddit forum r/Braincels, we focus on how members of this community use metaphoric expressions to dehumanise gendered social actors, both as individuals and as groups. We discuss our findings against the backdrop of metaphor approaches to language, gender, and sexuality, and the relevance of dehumanising metaphorical rhetoric for online misogynist groups.
Navigating pathways for careers in human-animal interaction: A guide for advisors and mentors
Authors: Erdman Phyllis , Mueller Megan , Schroeder Katy , Jenkins Jane , Hart Lynette 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article is intended to help academic faculty and advisors mentor students who are interested in entering the field of human-animal interaction. Even though the field has grown significantly in the last several decades, there is still much confusion over how to obtain a degree that will lead to a career in human-animal interaction. The interdisciplinary nature of the field poses both advantages and disadvantages and can sometimes be overwhelming for students who are interested in pursuing a career path in human-animal interaction. The vignette at the end of the article provides examples of how to advise students pursuing an interest in the field and how to help them identify their unique interests. This article can be useful for higher education faculty, advisors, mentors, and students.
How Forests of Qualia Emerge
Authors: Asai Yuichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article analyses an environmentalist activity known as forest therapy in a suburb of Tokyo and formulates qualia as a rhematic textual process semiotically calibrating an encounter with forests in such a way that its effects seem raw, natural, or “unmediated.” In particular, it ethnographically demonstrates how a distinctive cooccurrence style of Japanese language use, involving ideophones and euphonic forms with various diminutive effects during forest therapy interactions, becomes a perceivable object of the senses qua discursive form, whose effects—which are not natural but naturalizing—further equips participants in forest therapy sessions to apperceive and discursively specify the attributes of other perceivable things, now taken to be “immediate” sensuous truths, through a process whose effects Peirce captions as qualia, or facts of firstness. The article further reveals that such a naturalized—and thus therapeutic—encounter with forests is figurated through various rhematic, text-metrical patterns that rely on specific discursive resources, which cumulatively diagram agents’ affective attunements to a nonhuman forest world, while enacting transspecies engagement with animals and “fictionalizing” the (lost) animistic linkage in the Anthropocene with “wildness” through their bodies as phatic nexus.
A haptic knob based on the combination of shear mode and flow mode magnetorheological behaviors
Authors: Ko Hyun-U , Yoon Inho , Kim Byungki , Han Youn-Hee , Park Sung Jea , Hwang Ho-Jin , Kim Sang-Youn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study proposes a small haptic knob that provides kinesthetic torque feedback and vibrotactile feelings using magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). A novel rotation shaft structure, including blades, is introduced into the haptic knob to simultaneously contribute two operation modes (shear and flow) of the MRF to its actuation. A simulation analysis is conducted to investigate the creation of the combinational mode in the haptic knob and to maximize the resistive torque by optimizing the blade angle. An experimental study is conducted to determine the optimal angle. Through experiments, the kinesthetic torque increased from 0.002 to 0.2 N m as the current input was increased from 0 to 1.28 A. Furthermore, the haptic knob illustrated strong and stable vibrotactile feedback in the frequency range of 1–50 Hz.
Primary calibration for airborne infrasound utilizing the vertical gradient of the ambient pressure
Authors: Rust Marvin , Kling Christoph , Koch Christian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The demand for reliable and traceable measurements of airborne infrasound has risen, one major application being the International Monitoring System run by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. However, the current calibration methods do not sufficiently cover the infrasound frequency range. In this paper, we present a calibration method for microphones in this frequency range and its implementation as a measurement setup. The method is based on the vertical gradient of the ambient pressure as a stimulus. A DUT is subjected to an alternating pressure by periodically changing its altitude. The measurement setup realizes such a periodic altitude change by means of a vertically rotating disk and is capable of calibrating measurement microphones in a frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 5 Hz with a planned extension to 10 Hz. A measurement uncertainty of 0.07 dB at maximum could be realized. Particular attention was paid to the mechanics of the measurement setup to ensure that the DUT moves in a precisely determined orbit. We present example calibrations and an uncertainty budget for a Brüel & Kjær 4193 measurement microphone in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 5 Hz. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the calibration method by comparing the acquired results to other calibration techniques showing an agreement better than 0.1 dB.
A convolutional neural network algorithm developed for shielded multi-isotope identification
Authors: Lee-Brewin L. , Read D. , Shenton-Taylor C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Identifying radioisotopes can facilitate risk-informed management decisions in nuclear security and nuclear site decommissioning applications. An artificial neural network based algorithm capable of identifying multiple radioisotopes across a range of shielded environments is presented. Five isotopes were selected to create this algorithm. Small sets of single-isotope gamma spectra were collected using a sodium iodide detector in three different shielding configurations. Each of these sets of spectra was independently augmented by combining spectra to create multi-isotope spectra. The three sets were then combined to form a training set containing 38500 spectra. Four types of neural networks were explored, optimised, and compared. Based on the results of this comparison, a multi-label convolutional neural network with five hidden layers was chosen to test on a large set of 2132 spectra using sources of the same isotopes with different activities. These testing spectra were collected experimentally and independently of the training set. Subsets of spectra were taken from the testing set and used to assess the ability of the algorithm in four different ways: to identify multiple spectra simultaneously, to adapt to different shielding configurations, to explore the decrease in performance when analysing count-starved spectra, and to analyse spectra from a different NaI detector. The precision, recall, and F1 scores were calculated on all tests. Results show a high performance with F1 scores that are typically above 0.85. Recall values were generally higher than precision when analysing shielded spectra, indicating that the algorithm tends to produce more false positives than negatives.
3D bioprinting of E. coli MG1655 biofilms on human lung epithelial cells for building complex in vitro infection models
Authors: Aliyazdi Samy , Frisch Sarah , Hidalgo Alberto , Frank Nicolas , Krug Daniel , Müller Rolf , Schaefer Ulrich F , Vogt Thomas , Loretz Brigitta , Lehr Claus-Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections are causing over half a million deaths each year, raising the requirement for innovative therapeutic approaches. For developing novel therapeutics against bacterial biofilm infections, complex in vitro models that allow to study drug effects on both pathogens and host cells as well as their interaction under controlled, physiologically relevant conditions appear as highly desirable. Nonetheless, building such models is quite challenging because (1) rapid bacterial growth and release of virulence factors may lead to premature host cell death and (2) maintaining the biofilm status under suitable co-culture requires a highly controlled environment. To approach that problem, we chose 3D bioprinting. However, printing living bacterial biofilms in defined shapes on human cell models, requires bioinks with very specific properties. Hence, this work aims to develop a 3D bioprinting biofilm method to build robust in vitro infection models. Based on rheology, printability and bacterial growth, a bioink containing 3% gelatin and 1% alginate in Luria-Bertani-medium was found optimal for Escherichia coli MG1655 biofilms. Biofilm properties were maintained after printing, as shown visually via microscopy techniques as well as in antibiotic susceptibility assays. Metabolic profile analysis of bioprinted biofilms showed high similarity to native biofilms. After printing on human bronchial epithelial cells (Calu-3), the shape of printed biofilms was maintained even after dissolution of non-crosslinked bioink, while no cytotoxicity was observed over 24 h. Therefore, the approach presented here may provide a platform for building complex in vitro infection models comprising bacterial biofilms and human host cells.
3D bioprinting of multi-cellular tumor microenvironment for prostate cancer metastasis
Authors: Xu Kailei , Huang Yuye , Wu Miaoben , Yin Jun , Wei Peng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most lethal cancers in men worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in PCa development, which consists of tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Hyaluronic acid (HA) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major components in the TME and are correlated with PCa proliferation and metastasis, while the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood due to the lack of biomimetic ECM components and coculture models. In this study, gelatin methacryloyl/chondroitin sulfate-based hydrogels were physically crosslinked with HA to develop a novel bioink for the three-dimensional bioprinting of a coculture model that can be used to investigate the effect of HA on PCa behaviors and the mechanism underlying PCa-fibroblasts interaction. PCa cells demonstrated distinct transcriptional profiles under HA stimulation, where cytokine secretion, angiogenesis, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition were significantly upregulated. Further coculture of PCa with normal fibroblasts activated CAF transformation, which could be induced by the upregulated cytokine secretion of PCa cells. These results suggested HA could not only promote PCa metastasis individually but also induce PCa cells to activate CAF transformation and form HA-CAF coupling effects to further promote PCa drug resistance and metastasis.
Y doping of BaZrO3 may lead to optimum conditions for proton conduction at operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells: a first principles study
Authors: Raja N , Murali D , Satyanarayana S V M , Posselt M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
First-principle calculations are performed to investigate Y substitutional defects at ground state and at 1000 K, for Ba- and Zr-rich chemical environments. In dependence on the Fermi level, at ground state singly positively charged Y may be potentially stable on Ba site (

Y

B
a

1
+

) and neutral as well as singly negatively charged Y on Zr site (

Y

Z
r

0

and

Y

Z
r

1
−

). However, using recent results for the doubly positively charged oxygen vacancy (

V

O

2
+

) and taking account charge compensation, Fermi level pinning occurs, so that under Ba-rich conditions

Y

Zr

1
−

and

V

O

2
+

are really stable. A similar consideration yields

Y

Ba

1
+

and

Y

Zr

1
−

as stable defects in the Zr-rich case. Concerning

V

O

2
+

,

which occurrence is a prerequisite to obtain a good proton conductor, by Y doping, at ground state only in the Ba-rich case a moderate concentration can be formed. At 1000 K the situation is improved importantly. The consideration of vibrational contributions to the free formation energy of Y on Zr site shows an increase of the stability of

Y

Zr

0

and

Y

Zr

1
−

.

Under Ba-rich conditions Fermi level pinning results in a free formation energy for the doubly positively charged O vacancy of 0.481 eV which corresponds to a high

V

O

2
+

concentration and optimum conditions for proton conduction. In Zr-rich case the respective value is 0.863 eV which leads also to relatively high

V

O

2
+

occurrence but the situation is less favourable than for the Ba-rich environment.
Effect of sintering process on microstructure and properties of Al–Si alloy made by powder metallurgy for electronic packaging application
Authors: Kong Zhaoyang , Huang Haibin , Li Yingmin , Yu Baoyi , Chen Bin , Li Runxia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The impact of the sintering temperature on the microstructure and characteristics of Al–Si composite was investigated in this study. Al-60Si (wt%) composites were sintered at different temperatures, and the microstructural features were evaluated. Optimal microstructural characteristics were observed when the composites were sintered at 850 °C for 2 h. The resulting material exhibited a thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and relative density of 131.4 W/(m·K), 10.02 × 10–6 K–1, and 99.87%, respectively. Elevating the temperature facilitated better wettability of the material, which in turn aided the filling of voids within the material by liquid Al. In addition, a decrease in the total number of interfaces within the material and the establishment of a connected network by the Al matrix contributed to enhanced thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion.
Preliminary dosimetric characterization of EDBreast gel
Authors: Stien Christel , Rousseau Alice , Bordy Jean-Marc , Gouriou Jean 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose. EDBreast gel is an alternative Fricke gel dosimeter, read by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, in which sucrose is added to lower diffusion effects. This paper aims at determining the dosimetric characteristics of this dosimeter. Methods. The characterization has been performed in high energy photon beams. The dose-response of the gel has been evaluated as well as its detection limit, its fading effects, the reproducibility of its response and its stability over time. Its energy and dose-rate dependence has been investigated, and the overall dose uncertainty budget established. Once characterized, the dosimetry method has been applied to a simple reference irradiation case in a 6 MV photon beam, with the measurement of the lateral dose profile of a 2 × 2 cm2 field. The results have been compared with microDiamond measurements. Results. In addition to its low diffusivity, the gel presents a high sensitivity, no dose-rate dependence considering

T
P

R

20
−
10

values ranging from 0.66 to 0.79 and an energy response comparable to ionization chambers. However, its non-linear dose-response induces a high uncertainty on the measured dose (8 % (

k
=
1

) at 20 Gy) and reproducibility issues. The profile measurements displayed discrepancies compared to the microDiamond due to diffusion effects. The appropriate spatial resolution was estimated using the diffusion coefficient. Conclusion. EDBreast gel dosimeter presents interesting characteristics for applications in clinics, but the linearity of its dose-response should be improved to lower the uncertainties and to enhance the reproducibility.
Ion trap long-range XY model for quantum state transfer and optimal spatial search
Authors: Lewis Dylan , Banchi Leonardo , Hong Teoh Yi , Islam Rajibul , Bose Sougato 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Linear ion trap chains are a promising platform for quantum computation and simulation. The XY model with long-range interactions can be implemented with a single side-band Mølmer–Sørensen scheme, giving interactions that decay as

1

/

r
α

, where

α

parameterises the interaction range. Lower

α

leads to longer range interactions, allowing faster long-range gate operations for quantum computing. However, decreasing

α

causes an increased generation of coherent phonons and appears to dephase the effective XY interaction model. We characterise and show how to correct for this effect completely, allowing lower

α

interactions to be coherently implemented. Ion trap chains are thus shown to be a viable platform for spatial quantum search in optimal

O
(

N

)

time, for N ions. Finally, we introduce a

O
(

N

)

quantum state transfer protocol, with a qubit encoding that maintains a high fidelity.