bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally Induced FeII Spin Crossover Hybrid Complex Incorporating Para‐Sulfocinnamic Acid
Authors: Kumar Varun , Ghosh Ashta C. , Draoui Youssef , Wang Mengmeng , van Hecke Kristof , Rotaru Aurelian , Garcia Yann 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnion‐Driven Light‐Induced Spin Change (AD‐LISC) enables multifunctional materials to switch magnetic states with light, enhancing potential applications in data storage, sensors, and molecular electronics, by improving spin state control by integrating photoactive anions. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of new mononuclear FeII coordination complex, [Fe(3‐bpp)2](psca)2 ⋅ solvent (1 ⋅ X) as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure incorporates para‐sulfocinnamic acid (psca), non‐coordinated anion as well as unidentified disorded solvent molecules (X). TGA analysis confirmed the presence of 2.5 water molecules as solvent in the crystal lattice after exposure to air. Moreover, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements (SQUID) reveals a mixture of high‐spin and low‐spin states in 1 ⋅ 2.5H2O, with a predominance of low‐spin sites at room temperature. The desolvated form 1 shows a gradual spin crossover behaviour centred around the room temperature region. Additionally, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, evaluated according to Schmidt's criteria for [2+2] photodimerization, revealed that 1 ⋅ X does not satisfy the spatial requirements for photodimerization; accordingly, no colour change was noticed upon UV light exposure.
Divergent Malonamides/Ti(NMe2)4 System for the Synthesis of Mono‐, Bis‐, and Tris(dimethylamide)‐Titanium(IV) Complexes
Authors: Alcántara‐Xicotencatl Mariana , Hernández‐Martínez Emmanuel , Martínez‐Otero Diego , Bernabé‐Pablo Erandi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractModifying the synthesis time and temperature in the reaction of 2,2‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dimesityl‐propanediamide (H2DMDMMA) and 2,2‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐ditert‐butyl‐propanediamide (H2DTDMMA) with Ti(NMe2)4 produces five distinct titanium amide malonamides (4–8). Three, two, or one −NMe2 group is present in these complexes, all of which are cis‐OO′ chelated except for one with a unique cis‐NO chelate.In the literature, a variety of synthetic methodologies for malonamides (MAs is informed. The chelating features of MAs have been the subject of extensive investigation for use in liquid extraction of lanthanides (Ln) and actinides (An). However, no comparative study has explored the substituents influence the nucleophilic behavior of anionic MAs in their role as ligands. Herein, we present insight into the divergent 2,2‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dimesityl‐propanediamide (H2DMDMMA) and 2,2‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐ditert‐butyl‐propanediamide (H2DTDMMA)/ tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium [Ti(NMe2)4] system, which allowed a collection of five complexes. The titanium amide malonamides obtained have three, two, or one ‐NMe2 group and are cis‐OO′ chelated, except for one complex that exhibits the unprecedented cis‐NO chelate mode.
Identification of Astronomical Cycles in Fine‐Grained Rocks and Their Application in High‐Resolution Stratigraphic Correlation: A Case Study of the Fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Leijia Area, Western Sag of the Liaohe Depression, China
Authors: Li Yang , Li Xiaoguang , Zhang Tingshan , Chen Chang , Li Jinpeng , Lai Peng , Gao Yang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the Western Sag of the Liaohe Depression within the Bohai Bay Basin, the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (E2s4) in the Leijia area is characterised by lacustrine fine‐grained sedimentary rocks, primarily composed of clay, felsic minerals, carbonates and analcime. These rocks serve as the key hydrocarbon reservoirs in the region. However, their complex lithology and rapid lateral variations lead to significant reservoir heterogeneity, posing challenges for the identification of favourable reservoirs. This study addresses these challenges through cyclostratigraphic analysis to enhance stratigraphic resolution and improve reservoir prediction. We employed time‐series analysis, high‐precision U–Pb carbonate dating and gamma ray (GR) logging data to identify astronomical cycles within the E2s4 fine‐grained mixed rocks. Spectral analysis of GR data from wells lei93, lei37, lei53 and lei14 revealed signals consistent with standard eccentricity, obliquity and precession cycles. Using the 405 kyr long eccentricity cycle for astronomical tuning, we established a detailed chronostratigraphic framework for the E2s4, constrained by U–Pb dating results from several wells. In total, we identified six long eccentricity cycles (405 kyr) and approximately 19 short eccentricity cycles (~129 kyr). The correlation between Earth's orbital cycles and high‐frequency sequences allowed us to construct a refined stratigraphic division and correlation framework at an eccentricity timescale. This refined framework offers a clearer understanding of reservoir distribution, greatly enhancing hydrocarbon exploration accuracy in the Leijia area. Moreover, our findings highlight the significant role of cyclostratigraphy in guiding future oil and gas exploration efforts in the Bohai Bay Basin, showcasing its potential application in broader geological contexts.
Morbidity of the Free Fibular Flap in Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Goetz Carolin , Dietz Fabian , Bissinger Oliver , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Ehrmann Philipp , Weitz Jochen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundOur study evaluated long‐term morbidities in patients and compared subjective morbidities to those measurable objectively.MethodsPatients completed a questionnaire regarding long‐term morbidity, filled out the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire by Ruscheweyh et al. and were examined physically.ResultsEighty‐two patients were included in the study, 31 patients returned to the clinic for further evaluation and testing. The most common morbidities were weakened dorsiflexion of the great toe (34 patients), reduced ambulatory status (33), and muscle weakness (31). A significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between higher pain intensity and high pain sensitivity scores. However, donor‐site morbidities were not significantly associated with pre‐existing comorbidities like smoking, diabetes, or age over 70. Subjective morbidities were reported 2.3 times more frequently than objectively measured ones.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a notable discrepancy between subjective and objective morbidities, highlighting the importance of considering patients' subjective experiences when assessing postoperative outcomes and rehabilitation progress.
Context‐Aware TinyML Model for Korean Handwriting Recognition Under Online Assisted Learning Scenes
Authors: Cui Shunji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOptical character recognition (OCR) based on wearable devices plays an important role in online learning. Although the existing convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) has achieved great success in the task of optical character recognition (OCR), this model cannot fully achieve global contextual information modeling. With the development of artificial intelligence IoT (AIoT) technology, existing deep models are difficult to deploy on resource‐constrained mobile devices. Therefore, this article proposes an effective context‐aware TinyML model for Korean handwriting recognition. Specifically, we effectively improve the global context modeling capability by embedding the Mamba layer in CRNN with linear computational complexity. In addition, we achieved model compression by introducing a distillation mechanism based on a multi‐layer joint distillation mechanism. A large number of experimental results on two publicly available datasets of Korean characters show that our proposed model achieves a higher performance.
Disaggregated Financial Statement Comparability
Authors: Bjornsen Matt , Borchers Sarah , Stallings Matthew A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study develops a measure of financial statement comparability based on the disaggregated financial accounting components of earnings. The disaggregated financial statement comparability measure in this paper is contrasted with the aggregated (i.e., based solely on aggregate earnings) financial statement comparability measure used in prior research. The disaggregated framework allows for the measurement of comparability between two firms across multiple components of earnings, which enhances the ability to contrast a company's accounting system to that of other companies impacted by similar economic effects. This comparability measure is robust to a rigorous set of analyses, including tests of incremental informativeness, alternative specifications of comparability, and considerations regarding the information environment. The metric developed in this study extends financial reporting quality and financial statement comparability research based on its ability to capture the distinct components of earnings.
The Relationships Between Body‐Related Emotion Intolerance and Restrictive Eating as a Function of Multidimensional Perfectionism
Authors: Solomon‐Krakus Shauna , Quesnel Danika A. , Uliaszek Amanda , Sabiston Catherine M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveEmotion intolerance and perfectionism are two maintaining mechanisms to eating disorder symptomology. However, it is unclear how these mechanisms relate to one another. This study explored whether perfectionism is a vulnerability factor for facets of restrictive eating in the context of body‐related emotions.MethodsFemale undergraduate students (N = 148) completed questionnaires assessing baseline levels of self‐critical perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism. Participants then engaged in an ecological momentary assessment protocol where body‐related emotion intolerance and restrictive eating facets (cognitive restraint and behavioral restriction) were assessed over 10 consecutive days. Multilevel modeling and simple slopes analysis were used to explore these moderated relationships. Within‐person (Level 1 body‐related emotion intolerance) and between‐person (Level 2 perfectionism dimensions) relationships were examined.ResultsBased on the analyses, both self‐critical and personal standards perfectionism dimensions interacted with body‐related emotion intolerance to predict increases in restrictive eating facets.ConclusionThese findings indicate that personal standards perfectionism, though conceptualized as the less maladaptive dimension of perfectionism, should not be ignored when conceptualizing and intervening with restrictive eating. Recommendations are provided on how to refine treatment targets to be more attuned with situations that elicit body‐related emotion intolerance.
Antibodies and Inflammation: Fecal Biomarkers of Gut Health in Domestic Ruminants
Authors: Burton A. M. , Else K. J. , Irving J. , Mair I. , Shultz S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal infections present major challenges to ruminant livestock systems, and gut health is a key constraint on fitness, welfare, and productivity. Fecal biomarkers present opportunities to monitor animal health without using invasive methods, and with greater resolution compared to observational metrics. Here we developed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for three potential fecal biomarkers of gut health in domestic ruminants: two immunological (total immunoglobulin [Ig]A and total IgG) and one inflammatory (lactoferrin). We analytically validated the assays, then evaluated whether they could be used as a biomarker of clinically diagnosed gastrointestinal pathologies in cattle (Bos taurus), and finally compared them with helminth fecal egg counts in sheep (Ovis aries). The analytes were detected above the lower limits of detection in cattle, sheep, and goats. Fecal IgA and lactoferrin were higher in cattle with infectious pathologies (strongyles, coccidiosis and symptomatic Johne's disease) compared to healthy controls. Lactoferrin was additionally higher in animals with infectious pathologies compared to noninfectious pathologies, and to asymptomatic Johne's cases. No significant relationships were found with sheep fecal egg counts. These initial findings suggest that fecal IgA and lactoferrin may be useful biomarkers of poor gastrointestinal health in cattle, and that fecal lactoferrin is specific to active inflammation caused by infectious agents. These could be incorporated into the growing suite of noninvasive ecoimmunological tools and used to understand ruminant gut health in a range of species. Applications include improving treatment regimens for gastrointestinal infections, and understanding wildlife physiological responses to infectious challenges.
Icariin Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation and Suppresses Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing SOST Methylation in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Xu , Liu Xizhe , Wan Junming , Hu Yanqing , Wei Fuxin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposePostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is mainly concerned with the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation. Icariin (ICA) plays a vital role in bone protection. This study investigated the mechanism of ICA in PMO rats.MethodsThe rats were treated with ovariectomy (OVX) and ICA. Bone structure parameters were measured by Micro‐CT. BMSCs were obtained from normal rats, OVX rats, and ICA‐treated rats. BMSCs were infected with SOST overexpression lentivirus, and TWS119, an activator of Wnt pathway, was introduced for joint experiment. The binding of ERα to SOST promoter was verified. OVX/ICA rats were injected with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐Aza‐dC.ResultICA increased bone mass and decreased bone marrow fat content in OVX rats. ICA facilitated osteogenic differentiation and repressed adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Overexpressing SOST antagonized the effect of ICA, whereas TWS119 rescued the effect of overexpressing SOST. ICA reduced SOST expression by attenuating the effect of ERα. Methylation of SOST inhibited ERα binding to SOST promoter. In vivo experiments confirmed that ICA improved bone mass and reduced bone marrow fat content by enhancing SOST methylation.ConclusionOverall, ICA upregulated SOST methylation and inhibited the binding of ERα to SOST promoter, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation and repressing adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Study of Histotripsy With Subsequent Heating on In Vitro VX2 Cancer Cells
Authors: Dai Qizheng , Xu Lisa X. , Zhang Aili , Fowlkes J. Brian 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveFocused ultrasound has emerged as a precise and minimally invasive modality for effective cancer treatment. In this study, we propose a novel method that integrates the mechanical effects of focused ultrasound, known as histotripsy, with heating to enhance both the immediate and sustained cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.MethodsOur investigation focused on VX2 cancer cells in suspension, examining five experimental groups: blank control, negative control, heating alone, histotripsy alone, and histotripsy with subsequent heating. B‐mode ultrasound imaging was utilized to visualize cavitation bubble cloud formation and its motion during histotripsy. The suspension was contained in individually sealed compartments obtained from bubble wrap (referred to as bubble wrap compartments) embedded within the agarose phantom. Residual living cells were examined immediately after treatment and cultured for 96 hours to analyze the growth patterns. Additionally, CFDA SE staining was employed to assess cell proliferation. Furthermore, both intracellular and extracellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were measured to investigate the potential initiation of an immune response.ResultsThe combination of histotripsy and subsequent heating significantly reduced the normalized concentration of living cells immediately after treatment. It also decreased the proliferation rate of residual cells compared with the other experimental groups. Histotripsy with subsequent heating also increased the generation and release of HSP70, which might potentially enhance an innate anti‐tumor immune response in vivo.ConclusionHistotripsy and subsequent heating improved the immediate lethal impact on VX2 cancer cells and curtailed the proliferation of residual cancer cells in suspension. This study presents a promising strategy for cancer therapy in the future.
In functionally aligned total knee arthroplasty, femoral component rotation follows the transepicondylar axis to achieve flexion balance
Authors: Moore Joss , Van de Graaf Victor A. , Wood Jil A. , Chen Darren B. , MacDessi Samuel J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeIn functionally aligned (FA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), femoral component rotation (FCR) is personalised to optimise flexion gap balance. As axial malalignment has been attributed to patellofemoral complications, this study assessed FA FCR in relation to the surgical transepicondylar axis (TEA) and early implant survivorship.MethodsWe analysed 446 robotic‐assisted primary TKAs in 393 patients using FA with preresection gap balancing. Femoral and tibial coronal resection boundaries were 6° valgus to 3° varus and 6° varus to 3° valgus, respectively. The TEA and posterior condylar axis (PCA) were identified on preoperative computed tomographic scans. Intraoperatively, FCR was initially set parallel to the PCA, then rotated to achieve flexion balance within 6° boundaries to the TEA. The primary outcome was the mean angular difference between the TEA and final FCR and the proportion of patients with FCR within 2°, 4° and 6° from the TEA. Secondary outcomes included all‐cause revisions for the robotic‐assisted TKAs in this series from our in‐house database and a national joint replacement registry at a mean of 3.3 years postoperatively (range 2.2–5.5).ResultsMean FCR was 0.0° (SD 2.1°) relative to the TEA and 1.8° (SD 1.4°) externally rotated to the PCA. Final FCR was within 2° in 74.9%, within 4° in 97.3% and within 6° in 99.6% of patients relative to the TEA. There were seven postoperative procedures (1.6%) within the study period: two reoperations (0.5%) for early arthrotomy failure requiring repair (both exhibiting FCR within 1° to the TEA) and three revisions (0.7%) for deep surgical site infection (one after early traumatic arthrotomy failure, one revision for instability and one manipulation for stiffness).ConclusionIn FA TKA, femoral components more closely align to the TEA than the PCA to achieve a balanced flexion gap. In conjunction with a low incidence of revision surgeries, this suggests the FA technique does not result in significant patellofemoral complications.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Regression of carotid atherosclerosis in high‐risk individuals with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors
Authors: Luu Albert Z. , Hajiesmaeili Yasaman , Faezi Sholeh , Spence J. David , Hackam Daniel G. , Hadizadeh Hamed , Sohrevardi Seyyed M. , Azarpazhooh M. Reza 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors represent a novel approach for reducing cholesterol and, accordingly, the burden of atherosclerosis. However, limited data are available regarding the possible effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on atherosclerotic plaque. To evaluate the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing carotid plaque progression in individuals with high‐risk carotid atherosclerotic disease. We used carotid total plaque area (TPA) to assess the burden of atherosclerosis. Ultrasound imaging of the carotid was acquired before and after the initiation of PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. We selected high‐risk cases with atherosclerosis with a minimum of three ultrasound examinations, 1 year before, one at the time of initiation of a PCSK9 inhibitor, and 1 year after initiating a PCSK9 inhibitor. Statistical analysis was conducted using the mixed‐effects model with Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). We reviewed data from 131 patients with a mean follow‐up of 6 (±4) years. Patients were high‐risk, with the majority having diabetes or hypertension. There was a decrease in TPA, particularly during the first 3 years after initiating PCSK9 inhibitor therapy (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed that individuals with higher baseline serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels experienced a greater decline in TPA (p < 0.05). PCSK9 inhibitors are effective in achieving plaque regression in high‐risk patients with atherosclerosis. This is important, as plaque regression is associated with a lower risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death.
Porous Hydrogels from Nanoemulsion Templates With Different Structures
Authors: Abbasian Chaleshtari Zahra , Valipour Goodarzi Babak , Foudazi Reza 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPorous hydrogels, including physical pores and spaces within the polymer network, exhibit rapid water uptake rates. Synthesizing porous hydrogels through nanoemulsion templating represents a promising avenue for the development of advanced materials with tailored properties. Certain attributes, including but not limited to the ability to tune droplet size, volume fraction, and interdroplet interactions, provide tools to precisely manipulate the structure of nanoemulsions. The main research question is how the colloidal structure of the template changes the characteristics of a polymer network. Therefore, this study investigates the preparation of porous hydrogels using concentrated nanoemulsions as templates where modulating interdroplet interactions results in different pore structures and properties of the polymer network. Nanoemulsions are prepared by dispersing oil droplets in a continuous phase containing poly (ethylene glycol)‐diacrylate (PEGDA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Subsequent photo‐polymerization of PEGDA and removal of the oil phase leaves behind a porous polymer structure. Then, Hydrogels are analyzed to study the relationship between netwrok structures and water uptake capacities. The discussion focuses on how droplet arrangement under the influence of altered concentrations of SDS, provides confinement for changing the crosslink density of the polymer network.
A Tutorial on What to Do With Skewness, Kurtosis, and Outliers: New Insights to Help Scholars Conduct and Defend Their Research
Authors: Iacobucci Dawn , Román Sergio , Moon Sangkil , Rouziès Dominique 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis research examines the effect of nonnormal data on several frequently utilized statistical models. Behavioral scholars often encounter nonnormal and potentially problematic data such as outliers. In the absence of clear guidance, scholars generally report taking some compensatory action, including the deletion of data, data transformations, or alternative statistics. This research addresses the question, how much do such data actually affect results? Three sets of simulations investigate the effects of skewness, kurtosis, and outliers. Our findings show that some patterns of nonnormal data are perhaps not as problematic as one might anticipate. Many results are affected but in the statistically conservative direction (i.e., less likely to produce significance). In particular, data that were skewed, or showed kurtosis or univariate outliers did not lead to inappropriate statistical results, and, therefore, scholars may proceed with their analyses. Yet there are boundary conditions; specifically, we found that multivariate outliers could create biased results, so for such data, scholars need to be particularly transparent and vigilant in their data handling, posting data sets with and without any deleted or transformed data points.