bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Osteomyelitis Complicating Pressure Ulcers: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Dinh Aurélien , D’anglejan Emma , Leliepvre Helene , Bouchand Frédérique , Marmouset Damien , Dournon Nathalie , Mascitti Hélène , Genet François , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Chaussard Haude , Duran Clara , Noussair Latifa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOsteomyelitis-complicating pressure ulcers are frequent among patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), and the optimal management is unknown. In our referral center, the current management is debridement and flap coverage surgeries, followed by a short antibiotic treatment. We aimed to evaluate patients’ outcomes a year after surgery.MethodsWe performed a quasi-experimental retrospective before/after study on SCI patients with presumed osteomyelitis associated with perineal pressure ulcers. We included all patients who underwent surgery with debridement and flap covering, followed by effective antibiotic treatment, between May 1, 2016, and October 30, 2020. The effective antimicrobial treatment duration included the 10 days leading up to January 1, 2018 (before period), and the 5 to 7 days after (after period). We also compared the efficacy of 5–7-day vs 10-day antibiotic treatment and performed uni- and multivariable analyses to identify factors associated with failure.ResultsOverall, 415 patients were included (77.6% male patients; mean age ± SD, 53.0 ± 14.4 years). Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) were involved in 20.7% of cases. Favorable outcomes were recorded in 69.2% of cases: 117/179 (65.3%) in the 10-day treatment group vs 169/287 (71.9%) in the 5–7-day treatment group (P = .153). The only factor associated with failure in the multivariate analysis was a positive culture from suction drainage (odds ratio, 1.622; 95% CI, 1.005–2.617; P = .046). Effective treatment duration &gt;7 days and intraoperative samples negative for MDROs were not associated with better outcomes (P = .153 and P = .241, respectively).ConclusionsA treatment strategy combining surgical debridement and flap covering, followed by 5 to 7 days of effective antibiotic treatment seems safe.
Faster growth and larger size at crèche onset are associated with higher offspring survival in Adélie Penguins
Authors: Jennings Scott , Dugger Katie M , Ballard Grant , Ainley David G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We conducted the first assessment of Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chick survival that accounts for imperfect resighting. We found that when chicks are larger in size when they enter the crèche stage (the period when both parents forage at the same time and chicks are left relatively unprotected), they have a higher probability of survival to fledging. We investigated the relationships between growth, crèche timing, and chick survival during one typical year and one year of reduced food availability. Chicks that hatched earlier in the season entered the crèche stage older, and chicks that both grew faster and crèched older entered the crèche at a larger size. These relationships were stronger in the year of reduced food availability. Thus, parents increased their chicks’ chance of fledging if they provided sufficient food for faster growth rates and/or extended the length of the brood-guarding period. Early nest initiation (i.e., early hatching) provided parents with the opportunity to extend the guard period and increase chick survival. However, to extend the guard stage successfully, they must provide larger meals and maintain higher chick growth rates, even if just one parent at a time is foraging, which previous work has shown is not possible for all individuals. We show that the factors governing tradeoffs in chick-rearing behavior of Adélie Penguin parents may vary in accord with environmental conditions, a result from which we can better understand species’ adaptations to environmental changes.
Haemosporidian infection prevalence varies temporally and spatially and Leucocytozoon infections are male biased in Song Sparrows
Authors: Grieves Leanne A , Balogh Lydia , Kelly Tosha R , MacDougall-Shackleton Elizabeth A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Haemosporidian parasites are significant global drivers of avian disease and infections are affected by complex ecological and biological interactions. We quantified variation in haemosporidian infection prevalence of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon in 311 Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) from 2 breeding populations across years, seasons, age classes, and sexes, finding significant differences in infection prevalence across years, seasons, and sites, as well as sex differences in Leucocytozoon infection prevalence. We also found that birds were more likely to be infected with Plasmodium than Leucocytozoon and coinfections were more likely than expected. Many avian haemosporidian studies use data collected over a short period of time at one location, and few studies investigate multi-year infection dynamics across populations. However, such long-term studies are important because ecological factors can affect the distribution and prevalence of vector-borne pathogens like malaria. Because biological factors can also affect the likelihood of exposure to vector-borne pathogens, it is also important to determine how host traits influence infection dynamics. Our results demonstrate that the prevalence and composition of avian haemosporidian infections can be highly variable, making sampling regimes a key consideration when drawing conclusions from study results. To better understand the fitness consequences of haemosporidian infection in avian hosts, future work should take ecological and biological variation into account when evaluating the effects of infection on aspects of condition and quality, reproductive success, and survival.
National Care Experts and Public Daughters: Navigating Publicly Funded Eldercare Jobs in South Korea and the United States
Authors: Kim Yang-Sook 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Both the United States and South Korea have implemented publicly funded long-term care programs intended to cope with the rapid aging of their populations. These programs provide market-based solutions that depend on cheap labor supplied by women from marginalized groups. Drawing upon comparative ethnographic data collected in Los Angeles’ Koreatown and Seoul, this study illuminates the mechanisms by which publicly funded long-term care programs systematically devalue care through a combination of state policy and racialized labor markets. These programs not only sort and channel marginalized women into the low-paid care sector through targeted forms of recruitment, but they also do so by promoting an idealized care worker subject. However, workers do not passively accept their subjectivation. Instead, they selectively choose to embody some aspects of the imposed idealized care worker subject to help navigate their precarious working conditions. In doing so, they give meaning to their work and thus empower themselves.
Snakebite envenoming in Brazilian children: clinical aspects, management and outcomes
Authors: Oliveira Isadora S , Pucca Manuela B , Cerni Felipe A , Vieira Samuel , Sachett Jacqueline , Seabra de Farias Altair , Lacerda Marcus , Murta Felipe , Baia-da-Silva Djane , Rocha Thiago Augusto Hernandes , Silva Lincoln Luís , Bassat Quique , Vissoci João Ricardo Nickenig , Gerardo Charles J , Sampaio Vanderson Souza , Wen Fan Hui , Bernarde Paulo S , Monteiro Wuelton M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is currently considered a neglected tropical disease, which affects over 5 million people worldwide, and causes almost 150 000 deaths every year, as well as severe injuries, amputations and other sequelae. Snakebite envenoming in children, although proportionally less frequent, is generally more severe, and represents an important challenge for pediatric medicine, since they often result in worse outcomes. In Brazil, given its ecological, geographic and socioeconomic characteristics, snakebites are considered an important health problem, presenting approximately 30 000 victims per year, approximately 15% of them in children. Even with low snakebite incidence, children tend to have higher snakebite severity and complications due to the small body mass and same venom volume inoculated in comparison to adults, even though, due to the lack of epidemiological information about pediatric snakebites and induced injuries, it is difficult to measure the treatment effectiveness, outcomes and quality of emergency medical services for snakebites in children. In this review, we report how Brazilian children are affected by snakebites, describing the characteristics of this affected population, clinical aspects, management, outcomes and main challenges.
Karyotype evolution in Ronderosia grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Castillo Elio Rodrigo D , Celeste Scattolini M , Palacios-Gimenez Octavio M , Martí Dardo A , Cabral-De-Mello Diogo C , Cigliano María M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Grasshoppers in the genus Ronderosia (divergence time &lt; 5 Mya) provide a special opportunity to examine the impact of chromosome rearrangements (CRs) in evolution and speciation, because they exhibit extensively rearranged karyotypes involving autosome-autosome and autosome-X chromosomes, the latter leading to the formation of a neo-sex chromosome system (neo-SCS). Despite the potential role of CRs in speciation, the general patterns of karyotype changes resulting from CRs in Ronderosia are still unclear. Here we investigated karyotype evolution in eight Ronderosia species using cytogenetic and phylogenetic models of ancestral character reconstruction. The overall findings suggest a central role for CRs in generating variability in chromosome number and neo-SCS across Ronderosia grasshoppers. It also suggests that incipient species with little morphological change, such as those observed in Ronderosia species, could accumulate marked differences in their karyotypes contributing to post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Besides the evolution of chromosome number in the phylogeny of the genus, chromosome change due to centric fusion is coupled with the divergence pattern observed in the group. While a cladogenetic event could represent a case where karyotypic differences result in speciation, further in-depth genomic studies are needed to better understand how these dramatic restructurings of karyotypes may have occurred.
Generation of Attenuated Mutants of East Asian Passiflora Virus for Disease Management by Cross Protection
Authors: Chong Yee-Hang , Do Duy-Hung , Cheng Hao-Wen , Raja Joseph A. J. , Ngo Xuan-Tung , Hwang San-Gwang , Yeh Shyi-Dong 
Published: February 2023

East Asian passiflora virus (EAPV) seriously affects passionfruit production in Taiwan and Vietnam. In this study, an infectious clone of the EAPV Taiwan strain (EAPV-TW) was constructed, and EAPV-TWnss, with an nss tag attached to its helper component-protease (HC-Pro), was generated for monitoring the virus. Four conserved motifs of EAPV-TW HC-Pro were manipulated to create single mutations of F8I (simplified as I8), R181I (I181), F206L (L206), and E397N (N397) and double mutations of I8I181, I8L206, I8N397, I181L206, I181N397, and L206N397. Four mutants, EAPV I8I181, I8N397, I181L206, and I181N397, infected Nicotiana benthamiana and yellow passionfruit plants without conspicuous symptoms. Mutants EAPV I181N397 and I8N397 were stable after six passages in yellow passionfruit plants and expressed a zigzag pattern of accumulation dynamic, typical of beneficial protective viruses. An agroinfiltration assay indicated that the RNA silencing suppression capabilities of the four double mutated HC-Pros are significantly reduced. Mutant EAPV I181N397 accumulated the highest level of the small interfering RNA at 10 days postinoculation (dpi) in N. benthamiana plants, then dropped to background levels after 15 dpi. In both N. benthamiana and yellow passionfruit plants, EAPV I181N397 conferred complete cross protection (100%) against severe EAPV-TWnss, as defined by no severe symptoms and absence of the challenge virus, checked by Western blotting and reverse transcription PCR. Mutant EAPV I8N397 provided high degrees of complete protection against EAPV-TWnss in yellow passionfruit plants (90%) but not in N. benthamiana plants (0%). Both mutants showed complete protection (100%) against the Vietnam severe strain EAPV-GL1 in passionfruit plants. Thus, the mutants EAPV I181N397 and I8N397 have excellent potential for controlling EAPV in Taiwan and Vietnam. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Examining the Effect of an Educational Program on Nursing Students’ Informatics Competencies
Authors: Almarwani Abdulaziz Mofdy , Yacoub Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of a two-day education program on the informatics competencies of undergraduate nursing students. A one-group pretest-posttest design was employed using a convenience sample of 83 students. SANICS-18 (Self-Assessment of Nursing Informatics Competencies Scale) items were used to measure nursing informatics competencies. The pretest findings indicated a low overall score for nursing informatics competencies, with applied computer skills being the lowest self-reported competency subscale (clinical informatics). Following implementation of the education program, nursing students’ general informatics competencies improved. The findings suggest that nursing programs should provide continuing nursing informatics training and integrate skills and competencies within the nursing curriculum.
Current hemoglobin thresholds in pediatric anesthesia - guidelines and studies
Authors: Wittenmeier Eva , Komorek Yannick , Engelhard Kristin 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
The use of restrictive transfusion triggers to avoid unnecessary transfusions is one important pillar of Patient Blood Management (PBM). For the safe application of this principle in pediatric patients, anesthesiologists need evidence-based guidelines for hemoglobin (Hb) transfusions thresholds in this specially vulnerable age-group.

Recent findings
This review outlines recent prospective and observational studies examining transfusion thresholds in pediatrics. Recommendations to use transfusion triggers in the perioperative or intensive care setting are summarized.

Summary
Two high-quality studies confirmed that the use of restrictive transfusion triggers in preterm infants in the intensive care unit (ICU) is reasonable and feasible. Unfortunately, no recent prospective study could be found investigating intraoperative transfusion triggers. Some observational studies showed wide variability in Hb levels before transfusion, a tendency toward restrictive transfusion practices in preterm infants, and liberal transfusion practices in older infants. Although there are comprehensive and useful guidelines for clinical practice in pediatric transfusion, most of them do not cover the intraoperative period in particular because of a lack of high-quality studies. This lack of prospective randomized trials focusing on intraoperative transfusion management remains a major problem for the application of pediatric PBM.
Learning from errors and resilience
Authors: Arnal-Velasco Daniel , Heras-Hernando Violeta 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Learning from errors has been the main objective of patient safety initiatives for the last decades. The different tools have played a role in the evolution of the safety culture to a nonpunitive system-centered one. The model has shown its limits, and resilience and learning from success have been advocated as the key strategies to deal with healthcare complexity. We intend to review the recent experiences in applying these to learn about patient safety.

Recent findings
Since the publication of the theoretical basis for resilient healthcare and Safety-II, there is a growing experience applying these concepts into reporting systems, safety huddles, and simulation training, as well as applying tools to detect discrepancies between the intended work as imagined when designing the procedures and the work as done when front-line healthcare providers face the real-life conditions.

Summary
As part of the evolution in patient safety science, learning from errors has its function to open the mindset for the next step: implementing learning strategies beyond the error. The tools for it are ready to be adopted.
Subjective and Objective Measurement of Sleep Quality and Activity in Glaucoma
Authors: Stoner Ari M. , Patnaik Jennifer L. , Ertel Monica K. , Capitena-Young Cara E. , SooHoo Jeffrey R. , Pantcheva Mina B. , Kahook Malik Y. , Seibold Leonard K. 
Published: February 2023

Précis:
Glaucoma patients exhibit worse indices of sleep function by both objective and subjective metrics compared with controls.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to characterize the sleep parameters and physical activity levels of glaucoma patients compared with controls.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 102 patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma in at least 1 eye and 31 control subjects were enrolled in the study. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) during enrollment and then wore wrist actigraphs for 7 consecutive days to characterize circadian rhythm, sleep quality, and physical activity. The primary outcomes of the study were subjective and objective metrics of sleep quality using the PSQI and actigraphy devices, respectively. The secondary outcome was physical activity, measured by the actigraphy device.

Results:
From the PSQI survey, glaucoma patients had higher (worse) scores compared with controls for sleep latency, sleep duration, and subjective sleep quality, whereas scores for sleep efficiency were lower (better), suggesting more time spent in bed asleep. By actigraphy, time in bed was significantly higher in glaucoma patients as was time awake after sleep onset. Interdaily stability, quantifying the synchronization to the 24-hour light-dark cycle, was lower in glaucoma patients. There were no other significant differences between glaucoma and control patients with regard to rest-activity rhythms or physical activity metrics. In contrast to the survey data, findings from the actigraphy demonstrated that there were no significant associations between the study group and controls regarding sleep efficiency, onset latency, or total sleep time.

Conclusions:
In this study, patients with glaucoma demonstrated several subjective and objective differences in sleep function when compared with controls, whereas physical activity metrics were similar.
Influence of Age, Sex, and Wait Times on Public Online Ratings of Glaucoma Physicians in the United States
Authors: Kim Joo Yeon , Francisco Raia , Wang Jiaying , Liu Jacob J. , Stephenson Nathaniel J. , Khalil Charbel bou , Kim Dong Hyeon , Nguyen Anne X. , Youn Gun Min , Sun Yang , Wu Albert Y. 
Published: February 2023

Précis:
Glaucoma surgeons are highly rated by the general public. Physicians with shorter wait times and who are younger are more likely to have higher ratings. Female glaucoma physicians are less likely to have higher ratings.

Purpose:
Find what characteristics of glaucoma physicians are associated with higher online ratings.

Methods:
All American members of the American Glaucoma Society were queried on Healthgrades, Vitals, and Yelp. Ratings, medical school ranking, region of practice, sex, age, and wait times were recorded.

Results:
One thousand one hundred six (78.2%) of American Glaucoma Society members had at least 1 review across the 3 platforms. The average score among glaucoma surgeons was 4.160 (0.898 SD). Female physicians were associated with lower online ratings [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.536; 95% CI 0.354–0.808]. Physicians with <30 minutes of wait time had higher ratings: 15–30 minutes wait time (aOR: 2.273; 95% CI: 1.430–3.636) and <15 minutes wait time (aOR: 3.102; 95% CI: 1.888–5.146). Older physicians had lower ratings (aOR: 0.384; 95% CI: 0.255–0.572).

Conclusions:
Public online ratings of glaucoma specialists in the United States seem to favor those of younger age, men, and those with shorter wait times.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Positive Neonates Born to Persons With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy in Los Angeles County, California, May 22, 2020–February 22, 2021
Authors: Barnes Emily , Van Groningen Karinne , Ngo Van , Nunez Denise , Mykhaylov Nina , Ryan Alison , Apichon Savij , Sontz Jordan , Lyu Caleb , Halai Umme-Aiman 
Published: February 2023

Background:
It is well established that pregnant persons with SARS-CoV-2 are at an increased risk for preterm birth, however, less is known about perinatal outcomes for neonates with intrauterine exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:
Characteristics of 50 SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 pregnant persons positive between May 22, 2020, and February 22, 2021, in Los Angeles County, CA, were assessed. Pattern of neonate SARS-CoV-2 test results and time to positive test was analyzed. Objective clinical severity criteria were applied to assess neonatal disease severity.

Results:
Median gestational age was 39 weeks with 8 (16%) neonates born preterm. Most (74%) were asymptomatic, while 13 (26%) were symptomatic from any cause. Four (8%) symptomatic neonates met criteria for severe disease, of which 2 (4%) were likely secondary to COVID-19. The other 2 with severe disease had more likely alternate diagnoses, and 1 of these neonates subsequently died at 7 months of life. Among 12 (24%) that were positive within 24 hours after birth, one was persistently positive and represented likely intrauterine transmission. Sixteen (32%) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Conclusion:
In this case series of 50 SARS-CoV-2 positive mother-neonate pairs, we found that most neonates were asymptomatic regardless of when they tested positive during the 14 days after birth, that there was relatively low risk of COVID-19 associated severe disease, and that intrauterine transmission can occur in rare cases. Although short-term outcomes are mostly promising, more research is needed to study long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates born to positive pregnant persons.
Distinct Clinical and Laboratory Features of COVID-19 in Children During the Pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron Wave
Authors: Han Mi Seon , Kim Kyung Min , Oh Kyung Jin , Chang Ju Young , Lee Seong Yong , Choi Ji Eun , Shin Su-Mi , Sun Jiyu 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern exhibit distinct features in terms of transmissibility and virulence. This study compared the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children during pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron waves.

Methods:
Medical records of 1163 children <19 years of age with COVID-19 admitted to a designated hospital in Seoul, South Korea, were analyzed. Clinical and laboratory findings during the pre-Delta (March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021; 330 children), Delta (July 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021; 527 children) and Omicron (January 1, 2022, to May 10, 2022; 306 children) waves were compared.

Results:
Children during the Delta wave were older and had a higher proportion of fever ≥5 days and pneumonia than children during the pre-Delta and Omicron waves. The Omicron wave was characterized by younger age and a higher proportion of fever ≥39.0 °C, febrile seizure and croup. More children <2 years of age and adolescents aged 10 to <19 years experienced neutropenia and lymphopenia, respectively, during the Delta wave. Children aged 2 to <10 years had a higher incidence of leukopenia and lymphopenia during the Omicron wave.

Conclusions:
Distinct features of COVID-19 were observed in children during the Delta and Omicron surges. Continuous scrutiny of the manifestations of variants of concern is needed for appropriate public health response and management.