bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the impact of irregular structure group construction on rail transit bridge piers and its response to wind load
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Zheng , Qi Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe possibility of deformation and collision in existing railway bridge foundation structures due to the construction of a group of large irregular structures in close proximity and their potential for overturning under strong wind loads is posed as a potential threat. The impact of the construction of large irregular sculptures on bridge piers and their response under strong wind loads is primarily investigated in this study. A modeling method based on real 3D spatial information of the bridge structure, geological structure, and sculpture structure is proposed to accurately reflect their spatial relationships. Finite difference method is employed to analyze the impact of sculpture structure construction on pier deformations and ground settlement. The bridge structure exhibits small overall deformation, with maximum horizontal and vertical displacements of the piers located at the edge of the bent cap on the side of the critical neighboring bridge pier J24 adjacent to the sculpture. A fluid–solid coupling model of the interaction between the sculpture structure and wind loads with two different direction is established using computational fluid dynamics, and theoretical analysis and numerical calculations are conducted on the sculpture's anti-overturning performance. The internal force indicators such as displacement, stress, and moment of the sculpture structure in the flow field under two working conditions are studied, and comparative analysis of typical structures is conducted. It is shown that sculpture A and B have different unfavorable wind directions and specific internal force distributions and response patterns due to the influence of size effects. Under both working conditions, the sculpture structure remains safe and stable.
Spermidine from arginine metabolism activates Nrf2 and inhibits kidney fibrosis
Authors: Aihara Seishi , Torisu Kumiko , Uchida Yushi , Imazu Noriyuki , Nakano Toshiaki , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKidney metabolism may be greatly altered in chronic kidney disease. Here we report that arginine metabolism is the most altered in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced fibrosis of the kidneys in metabolomic analysis. Spermidine is the most increased metabolite of arginine. In human glomerulonephritis, the amount of spermidine shown by immunostaining is associated with the amount of fibrosis. In human proximal tubule cells, spermidine induces nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Subsequently, fibrotic signals, such as transforming growth factor β1 secretion, collagen 1 mRNA, and oxidative stress, represented by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential is suppressed by spermidine. UUO kidneys of Arg2 knockout mice show less spermidine and significantly exacerbated fibrosis compared with wild-type mice. Nrf2 activation is reduced in Arg2 knockout UUO kidneys. Spermidine treatment prevents significant fibrotic progression in Arg2 knockout mice. Spermidine is increased in kidney fibrosis, but further increases in spermidine may reduce fibrosis.
Probing surface wetting across multiple force, length and time scales
Authors: Daniel Dan , Vuckovac Maja , Backholm Matilda , Latikka Mika , Karyappa Rahul , Koh Xue Qi , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Tomczak Nikodem , Ras Robin H. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurface wetting is a multiscale phenomenon where properties at the macroscale are determined by features at much smaller length scales, such as nanoscale surface topographies. Traditionally, the wetting of surfaces is quantified by the macroscopic contact angle that a liquid droplet makes, but this approach suffers from various limitations. In recent years, several techniques have been developed to address these shortcomings, ranging from direct measurements of pinning forces using cantilever-based force probes to atomic force microscopy methods. In this review, we will discuss how these new techniques allow for the probing of surface wetting properties in far greater detail. Advances in surface characterization techniques will improve our understanding of surface wetting and facilitate the design of functional surfaces and materials, including for antifogging and antifouling applications.
Rational design of a glycopeptide probe system based on a reconfigurable immune microenvironment
Authors: Wang Xin , Yu Yao , Zhang Limin , Zhang Zijian , Lu Shixiang , Wang Weizhi 
Published: June 2023

By using the “one-bead-one-component” strategy, we screened a targeting peptide for CD133, which was further engineered into glycopeptide micelles. The micelles can carry DOX and penetrate the BBB to achieve targeted killing of glioma cells.
Relation between the moment of inertia and the k2 Love number of fluid extra-solar planets
Authors: Consorzi Anastasia , Melini Daniele , Spada Giorgio 
Published: June 2023

Context. Tidal and rotational deformation of fluid giant extra-solar planets may impact their transit light curves, making the k2 Love number observable in the near future. Studying the sensitivity of k2 to mass concentration at depth is thus expected to provide new constraints on the internal structure of gaseous extra-solar planets.
Aims. We investigate the link between the mean polar moment of inertia N of a fluid, stably layered extra-solar planet and its k2 Love number. Our aim is to obtain analytical relations valid, at least, for some particular ranges of the model parameters. We also seek a general approximate relation useful for constraining N once observations of k2 become available.
Methods. For two-layer fluid extra-solar planets we explore the relation between N and k2 via analytical methods, for particular values of the model parameters. We also explore approximate relations valid over the entire range of two-layer models. More complex planetary structures are investigated by the semi-analytical propagator technique.
Results. A unique relation between N and k2 cannot be established. However, our numerical experiments show that a rule of thumb can be inferred that is valid for complex, randomly layered stable planetary structures. The rule robustly defines the upper limit to the values of N for a given k2, and agrees with analytical results for a polytrope of index one and with a realistic non-rotating model of the tidal equilibrium of Jupiter.
The use of noninvasive measurements of intracranial pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury: a narrative review
Authors: Faria Bárbara Caroline Dias , Sacramento Luiz Gustavo Guimarães , Queiroz André Vitor Rocha , Leite Fernanda de Andrade Dias , Oliveira Henrique Lacerda Lage Lopes de , Kimura Thais Yuki , Faleiro Rodrigo Moreira 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background The most frequent cause of death in neurosurgical patients is due to the increase in intracranial pressure (ICP); consequently, adequate monitoring of this parameter is extremely important.
Objectives In this study, we aimed to analyze the accuracy of noninvasive measurement methods for intracranial hypertension (IH) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods The data were obtained from the PubMed database, using the following terms: intracranial
pressure, noninvasive, monitoring, assessment, and measurement. The selected articles date from 1980 to 2021, all of which were observational studies or clinical trials, in English and specifying ICP measurement in TBI. At the end of the selection, 21 articles were included in this review.
Results The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), pupillometry, transcranial doppler (TCD), multimodal combination, brain compliance using ICP waveform (ICPW), HeadSense, and Visual flash evoked pressure (FVEP) were analyzed. Pupillometry was not found to correlate with ICP, while HeadSense monitor and the FVEP method appear to have good correlation, but sensitivity and specificity data are not available. The ONSD and TCD methods showed good-to-moderate accuracy on invasive ICP values and potential to detect IH in most studies. Furthermore, multimodal combination may reduce the error possibility related to each technique. Finally, ICPW showed good accuracy to ICP values, but this analysis included TBI and non-TBI patients in the same sample.
Conclusions Noninvasive ICP monitoring methods may be used in the near future to guide TBI patients' management.
Alzheimer's disease: an epidemiological analysis over the number of hospitalizations and deaths in Brazil
Authors: Piovesan Eduardo Cattapan , Freitas Bruna Zanatta de , Lemanski Francisco Costa Beber , Carazzo Charles André 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by impaired cognitive function. It results in high morbidity, including a large number of hospitalizations, and mortality, generating high costs to health systems.
Objective The present epidemiological analysis evaluated the number of hospitalizations and deaths by AD as the main diagnosis in Brazil between 2010 and 2020. This endeavor should contribute to a better understanding of the disease and its implications.
Methods The present analytical, observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study used data extracted from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS, in the Portuguese acronym). The variables include the number of hospitalizations, the total cost spent, the average cost per hospitalization, the average length of hospital stay, the number of deaths during hospitalization, the mortality rate per hospitalization, sex, age group, region, and race.
Results From 2010 to 2020, there were 188,811 deaths and 13,882 hospitalizations for AD, with a total expenditure of BRL 25,953,019.40 in hospitalizations. The average length of hospital stay was 25 days. Over the considered period, mortality, the number of hospitalizations, and the total cost increased while the average length of stay decreased.
Conclusion From 2010 to 2020, AD represented a large portion of hospital admissions, generating a significant cost to the health system and a large number of deaths. These data are important to undertake joint efforts to prevent hospitalizations of these patients in order to minimize impacts on the health system.
Narrative fusion and layering: statecraft and the shaping of Boris Johnson’s pandemic narrative, 2020–2021
Authors: Wellings Ben , Bonotti Matteo , Rublee Maria Rost , Zech Steven T 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBy examining the UK Prime Minister’s justifications for his government’s pandemic responses given during press conferences and during Prime Minister’s Questions from March 2020 to July 2021, this article illustrates the narrative ‘fusion’ (using the pandemic narrative to advance other elements of policy) and ‘layering’ (using the pandemic narrative to justify past policy decision) evident in the construction of Boris Johnson's pandemic narrative. The article makes the case for viewing Johnson’s COVID-19 narrative in light of broader political dynamics within UK politics, particularly adaptations of Conservative statecraft in the Brexit era that preceded the pandemic. The article argues that the narrative itself can be a product of multiple political crises and projects. Specifically, Johnson’s pandemic narrative ‘fused’ and ‘layered’ elements of two other narratives advanced during his time in office: countering challenges to the territorial integrity of the United Kingdom and justifying the withdrawal from the European Union.
Tracking the spread of the eastern dwarf tree frog (Litoria fallax) in Australia using citizen science
Authors: Rowley Jodi J. L. , Callaghan Corey T. 
Published: June 2023

An increasing number of species are establishing populations outside of their native ranges, often with negative ecological and economic impacts. The detection and surveillance of invasive species presents a huge logistical challenge, given the large spatial regions in which new populations can appear. However, data collected through citizen science projects are increasingly recognised as a valuable source for detection and monitoring of invasive species. We use data from a national citizen science project, FrogID, to quantify the spread of the eastern dwarf tree frog (Litoria fallax) outside its historical native range in Australia. Of 48 012 records of L. fallax in the FrogID database, 485 were located far outside the historical native range of the species. L. fallax has established geographically large populations hundreds of kilometres away from its native range, and these appear to be spreading in extent over time. These populations have resulted in novel species co-occurrences, with L. fallax now co-occurring with at least two frog species not present in their native range. Although the impacts of the invasive populations of L. fallax remain unknown, our work highlights the value in leveraging citizen science projects to detect and monitor native species that can become invasive far outside their historical range.
Topologically quantized Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Halilsoy M , Mazharimousavi S Habib 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a new version of the Schwarzschild solution that involves an intrinsically discrete structure apt for quantization. Our method is the harmonic mapping of the unit sphere (S
2) into itself. This explains the areal quantization whereas the energy quantum derives from the energy of the harmonic map. Likewise, all thermodynamical quantities are naturally quantized at lower orders. ‘There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom’ R. P. Feynman [R. P. Feynman, Lecture given on December 29, 1959 at the annual meeting of the APS with the title There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics.
Electromagnetically induced grating realization in phaseonium
Authors: Badshah Fazal , Abbas Muqaddar , Asghar Sobia , Xie Jin , Rahmatullah  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We propose a method to implement electromagnetically induced grating in a phaseonium medium that has been coherently generated via atomic mechanisms. Phaseonium atoms have a Λ-type structure and three distinct energy levels; such atoms are originally generated in a coherent superposition of two lower levels. The phaseonium system is comprised of three-level atoms with a Λ-type configuration, which are initially prepared in a coherent superposition of two lower levels. To accomplish this spatial modulation based on the susceptibility of phaseonium medium, a standing-wave field is used. By looking at how an optical field diffracts at different relative phases, we find that the zeroth and first order diffraction intensities increase as the relative phase changes. We also investigate the impact of the Rabi frequency of the field on diffraction intensity and notice that an increasing strength of the Rabi frequency leads to amplification in the intensity of both central zeroth order and first-order diffraction. Furthermore, it has been observed that a significant rise in diffraction intensity occurs at longer interaction lengths between external fields and the atomic medium.
Aerodynamic modelling of a tilt-wing transition corridor
Authors: Kulhánek Robert , Vrchota Petr , Hospodář Pavel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the recent rapid evolution of the UAM class concepts in past years, the re-emerged interest in VTOL concepts and their aerodynamics arises. The tilt-wing is one of the possible solutions for such a vehicle. Recent decades of tilt-wing aerodynamic research point to the importance of the understanding transition regime from cruise to hover. Especially the wing stall phenomena which affect descent capabilities and control during the landing phase. Understanding such a regime is crucial for optimal wing design. This paper presents several approaches to the modelling of aerodynamic forces during the critical phase of transition. Computations are aimed particularly to the edge of the flight envelope. The low to high fidelity methods are employed and compared with the results of low-speed wind tunnel testing. The results from high fidelity methods match well with experimental results but the proposed simple analytical model fails in prediction of the transition corridor in the most critical regimes.
Parametric investigation of the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of a low-boom supersonic airliner
Authors: Bliamis C , Papadopoulos P , Yakinthos K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the present work, a parametric design study in the conceptual design phase of a low-boom supersonic airliner (LBSSA) is presented. The low-boom constraint is of great importance to the near future supersonic airliners, in order for them to be certified for overland operation, but is also usually associated with a penalty in their aerodynamic performance (e.g. increased drag) and subsequently a higher fuel consumption. In this work, a dedicated low-fidelity design tool for the conceptual and early preliminary design of a LBSSA is developed which includes both Class-I and Class-II weight calculations. The design tool is also capable of predicting the aircraft’s aerodynamic performance in both the subsonic and supersonic cruise segments of its mission. The aerodynamic behavior of the LBSSA is then compared against the results obtained from high fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling. Regarding the acoustic behavior of the LBSSA, Carlson’s simplified method is employed, which is based on the equivalent area distribution of the aircraft, in order to provide representative trends and results in the conceptual design phase. Finally, the contribution of the examined design parameters, in the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the resultant LBSSA is presented and clear trends are indicated.
Aerodynamic Investigation of the High-Lift Performance of a Propeller-Driven Regional Transport Aircraft with Distributed Propulsion
Authors: Keller Dennis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Increased high-lift capabilities due to propeller slipstream, i.e. slipstream deflection, is seen to be one of the main benefits of distributed propulsion, as it may lead to a reduction in the main wing size and thus to reduced drag in cruise flight and/or reduced system weight and complexity. The presented work assesses the potential of distributed propulsion on the high-lift capabilities of a novel transport aircraft design from an aerodynamic point of view. The assessment is based on a regional propeller-driven transport aircraft designed within the European IMOTHEP project. Based on the initial aircraft design, a sensitivity study on the number of propellers and propeller positions with regards to the maximum lift coefficient under take-off conditions has been performed. Moreover, adjustments to the nacelle design and the propulsor integration have been investigated. The study indicates significant increases in the maximum effective lift coefficient in take-off of up to +42% due to slipstream deflection. The increase is thereby strongly dependent on the number of propellers and the propeller positions.
The environmental impact assessment of greener trajectories: the GreAT project
Authors: Alonso Gustavo , Benito Arturo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
GreAT (Greener Air Traffic Operations) is a project funded by the European Commission under the H2020 framework programme. The overall objective is to reduce the fuel consumption and gas emissions during “gate-to-gate” flight phases through developing and assessing environment-friendly air traffic operational concept, adaptive airspace and green trajectory optimization technologies, and supporting avionic systems. Based on the scientific description of the impact of aviation emissions on the climate, the work within GreAT is seeking the key factors of the impact about aviation emissions on climate change characteristics by using sensitivity analysis, such as greenhouse gases, pollutant gases and condensation, and then select these factors as environmental impact assessment indicators, including fuel consumption, aviation emissions, air quality and greenhouse effect, establishing a calculation model for evaluation indicators using the fuel consumption model, gas emission model and climate change model. System analysis methods are used to build an aviation emission environmental impact (EIA) assessment index system structure, apply environmental impact assessment indicators, construct a general environmental impact assessment index system, and propose a comprehensive assessment method for aviation environmental impact. The following step in the project is the environmental impact assessment of air traffic operations to determine how green air traffic performs. According to the existing air traffic operation patterns, the flight characteristics and trajectory characteristics of the aircraft are determined, and the environmental impact assessment index system is used to evaluate the environmental impact under the air traffic operation plan and the impact and improvement effect on climate change.
Case study on hybrid-electric aircraft designs enabled by an enhanced SUAVE version
Authors: Eisenhut D , Mangold J , Moebs N , Brenner F , Strohmayer A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHybridization seems to be a promising way for regional aircraft to reduce the climate impact of aviation in its sector. On the one hand, fully-electric propulsion offers a too limited range while on the other hand, a conventional powertrain cannot offer enough reduction in emissions. In this paper, a case study on hybrid-electric aircraft is performed enabled by an enhanced SUAVE version. A variation on several parameters is carried out for one exemplary hybrid-electric architecture: battery technology level, energy management strategies, hybridization of installed power, cruise speed and altitude. From this study a baseline design, focused mainly on environmental aspects, is selected. The impact of NOXemissions is improved by 83 % compared to the ATR 42, while CO2has a 5 % benefit without accounting for the net-effect of sustainable aviation fuels which is not part of this study.
Investigation of the operational flexibility of a regional hybrid-electric aircraft
Authors: Spinelli Andrea , Krupa Gustavo Pedro , Kipouros Timoleon , Berseneff Boris , Fiette Sébastien 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The complexity of hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion systems is also characterized by the greater number of degrees of freedom of the energy management system, whose objective is to split the required power to fly the aircraft to the different available powertrains (i.e., gas turbines, electric motors, fuel cells, etc.). Typically, a single design mission is considered for assessing the performance of a hybrid-electric propulsion system, often with a simple constant split power between the batteries and gas turbine. A probabilistic set-based design space exploration methodology is used and allows us to study the effects of lifecycle analysis of the battery pack of a hybrid-electric 50-seater turboprop, while different mission scenarios are considered. Using this approach, it is possible to flexibly find multiple families of energy management strategies that can satisfy battery capacity requirements and the reduction of emissions simultaneously. Furthermore, the generated data can help the designers to understand the hierarchy of the requirements that drive the design of the propulsion system for a range of operating scenarios, with emphasis on the energy storage system. Hence, the airliners are offered enhanced operational flexibility of the aircraft for different and desirable mission profiles.