bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glass Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composite Gears by FDM 3D Printing
Authors: Bodaghi Mahdi , Sadooghi Ali , Bakhshi Mohammadreza , Hashemi Seyed Jalal , Rahmani Kaveh , Keshavarz Motamedi Mehdi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract3D printing of gears via fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been recently introduced as a low‐cost efficient manufacturing method. Different materials have been 3D printed and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) with excellent mechanical properties has been found to be promising. However, 3D printed ABS gears possess a high level of abrasion rate. This paper introduces a new class of ABS‐based gears reinforced by different amounts of milled E‐glass fibers and 3D printed by FDM with acceptable thermo‐mechanical properties and performance. A set of thermo‐mechanical tests is carried out to provide an insight into the influence of adding glass fibers on the glass transition temperature (Tg), hardness and teeth bending strength, teeth failure force, weight lost, abrasion resistance, mechanical wear, and performance of composite gears. The mechanical behaviors of driving and driven gears are examined in high and room temperatures with or without lubrication. Microstructure and gear profile analysis of 3D printed layers, worn surfaces, and fracture locations are also conducted by SEM images and profile projector. The newly developed glass fiber reinforced ABS gears reveal a high level of thermo‐mechanical performance in terms of hardness, mechanical strength, bending force, abrasion and wear resistance compared to pure 3D printed ABS gears.
Hydrogel‐Gated Silicon Nanotransistors for SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen Detection in Physiological Ionic Strength
Authors: Parichenko Alexandra , Choi Wonyeong , Shin Seonghwan , Schlecht Marlena , Gutierrez Rafael , Akbar Teuku Fawzul , Werner Carsten , Lee Jeong‐Soo , Ibarlucea Bergoi , Cuniberti Gianaurelio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak strongly propels advancements in biosensor technology, leading to the emergence of novel methods for virus detection. Among them, those using nanostructured field‐effect transistors (FETs) provide an ultrasensitive approach toward point‐of‐care diagnostics. However, the application of these biosensors in analyzing biofluids has been limited by their reduced screening length in high ionic strength liquids. To address this challenge, a solution is presented involving the surface modification of FETs with a hydrogel based on star‐shaped polyethylene glycol. This hydrogel is loaded with specific antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein. By incorporating the hydrogel, the effective Debye length is effectively increased, thereby preserving the sensitivity in biofluids. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by employing silicon nanonet‐based FETs for the detection of viral antigens in both buffer and saliva, as well as cultured viral particle dispersions. Moreover, positive and negative patient samples are successfully differentiated, showcasing the practical application of this method. Finally, a theoretical frame is proposed to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind the preservation of sensitivity.
Harnessing the Power of the De Mayo Reaction: Unveiling a Photochemical and Photocatalytic Masked [2+2] Methodology for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Salaverri Noelia , Alemán José , Marzo Leyre 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 1962, Paul J. de Mayo initially described the photochemical reaction involving 1,3‐diketones and double bonds, resulting in the formation of 1,5‐diketones. Since then, this reaction has been extensively utilized for the synthesis of a wide range of fascinating natural products. Over time, this synthetic methodology has been applied to various carbonyl systems, including locked enol‐tautomers of diketones, β‐keto esters, and β‐enaminones. Additionally, it has found application in other unsaturated systems such as allenes and alkynes. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the classical de Mayo reaction, highlighting its scope and potential. Furthermore, we focus on recent advances achieved through photocatalytic conditions. Special emphasis is placed on the regioselectivity of the process and the underlying reaction mechanism, particularly within the context of photocatalysis.
Absence of Spin‐Orbit Torque and Discovery of Anisotropic Planar Nernst Effect in CoFe Single Crystal
Authors: Liu Qianbiao , Lin Xin , Zhu Lijun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExploration of exotic spin polarizations in single crystals is of increasing interest. A current of longitudinal spins, the so‐called “Dresselhaus‐like” spin current, which is forbidden in materials lacking certain inversion asymmetries, is implied to be generated by a charge current at the interface of single‐crystal CoFe. This work reports unambiguous evidence that there is no indication of spin current of any spin polarizations from the interface or bulk of single‐crystalline CoFe and that the sin2φ second harmonic Hall voltage, which is previously assumed to signify Dresselhaus‐like spin current, is not related to any spin currents but rather a planar Nernst voltage induced by a longitudinal temperature gradient within the sample. Such sin2φ signal is independent of large applied magnetic fields and interfacial spin‐orbit coupling, inversely correlated to the heat capacity of the substrates and overlayers, quadratic in charge current, and appears also in polycrystalline ferromagnets. Strikingly, the planar Nernst effect (PNE) in the CoFe single crystal has a strong fourfold anisotropy and varies with the crystalline orientation. Such strong, anisotropic PNE has widespread impacts on the analyses of a variety of spintronic experiments and opens a new avenue for the development of PNE‐based thermoelectric battery and sensor applications.
Rechargeable Solid‐State Na‐Metal Battery Operating at −20 °C
Authors: Jin Haibo , Xiao Xiong , Chen Lai , Ni Qing , Sun Chen , Miao Runqing , Li Jingbo , Su Yuefeng , Wang Chengzhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAchieving satisfactory performance for a solid‐state Na‐metal battery (SSNMB) with an inorganic solid electrolyte (SE), especially under freezing temperatures, poses a challenge for stabilizing a Na‐metal anode. Herein, this challenge is addressed by utilizing a Natrium super ionic conductor (NASICON) NASICON‐type solid electrolyte, enabling the operation of a rechargeable SSNMB over a wide temperature range from −20 to 45 °C. The interfacial resistance at the Na metal/SE interface is only 0.4 Ω cm2 at 45 °C and remains below 110 Ω cm2 even at −20 °C. Remarkably, long‐term Na‐metal plating/stripping cycles lasting over 2000 h at −20 °C are achieved with minimal polarization voltages at 0.1 mA cm−2. Further analysis reveals the formation of a uniform Na3−xCaxPO4 interphase layer at the interface, which significantly contributes to the exceptional interfacial performance observed. By employing a Na3V1.5Al0.5(PO4)3 cathode, the full battery system demonstrates excellent adaptability to low temperatures, exhibiting a capacity of 80 mA h g−1 at −20 °C over 50 cycles and retaining a capacity of 108 mAh g−1 (88.5% of the capacity at 45 °C) at 0 °C over 275 cycles. This research significantly reduces the temperature threshold for SSNMB operation and paves the way toward solid‐state batteries suitable for all‐season applications.
3D‐Printed Artificial Cilia Arrays: A Versatile Tool for Customizable Mechanosensing
Authors: Glass Phillip , Shar Andy , Pemberton Charles , Nguyen Ethan , Park Sung Hyun , Joung Daeha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBio‐inspired cilium‐based mechanosensors offer a high level of responsiveness, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications. Despite great promise, the development of sensors with multifunctionality, scalability, customizability, and sensing linearity presents challenges due to the complex sensing mechanisms and fabrication methods involved. To this end, high‐aspect‐ratio polycaprolactone/graphene cilia structures with high conductivity, and facile fabrication are employed to address these challenges. For these 3D‐printed structures, an “inter‐cilium contact” sensing mechanism that enables the sensor to function akin to an on‐off switch, significantly enhancing sensitivity and reducing ambiguity in detection, is proposed. The cilia structures exhibit high levels of customizability, including thickness, height, spacing, and arrangement, while maintaining mechanical robustness. The simplicity of the sensor design enables highly sensitive detection in diverse applications, encompassing airflow and water flow monitoring, braille detection, and debris recognition. Overall, the unique conductive cilia‐based sensing mechanism that is proposed brings several advantages, advancing the development of multi‐sensing capabilities and flexible electronic skin applications in smart robotics and human prosthetics.
Spin State Disproportionation in Insulating Ferromagnetic LaCoO3 Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Chen Shanquan , Chang Jhong‐Yi , Zhang Qinghua , Li Qiuyue , Lin Ting , Meng Fanqi , Huang Haoliang , Si Yangyang , Zeng Shengwei , Yin Xinmao , Duong My Ngoc , Lu Yalin , Chen Lang , Guo Er‐Jia , Chen Hanghui , Chang Chun‐Fu , Kuo Chang‐Yang , Chen Zuhuang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe origin of insulating ferromagnetism in epitaxial LaCoO3 films under tensile strain remains elusive despite extensive research efforts are devoted. Surprisingly, the spin state of its Co ions, the main parameter of its ferromagnetism, is still to be determined. Here, the spin state in epitaxial LaCoO3 thin films is systematically investigated to clarify the mechanism of strain‐induced ferromagnetism using element‐specific X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and dichroism. Combining with the configuration interaction cluster calculations, it is unambiguously demonstrated that Co3+ in LaCoO3 films under compressive strain (on LaAlO3 substrate) is practically a low‐spin state, whereas Co3+ in LaCoO3 films under tensile strain (on SrTiO3 substrate) have mixed high‐spin and low‐spin states with a ratio close to 1:3. From the identification of this spin state ratio, it is inferred that the dark strips observed by high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy indicate the position of Co3+ high‐spin state, i.e., an observation of a spin state disproportionation in tensile‐strained LaCoO3 films. This consequently explains the nature of ferromagnetism in LaCoO3 films. The study highlights the importance of spin state degrees of freedom, along with thin‐film strain engineering, in creating new physical properties that do not exist in bulk materials.
Highly Efficient and Air‐Stable Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Polylactic Acid Modification
Authors: Xiao Hanrui , Zuo Chuantian , Yan Keyou , Jin Zhiwen , Cheng Yuanhang , Tian He , Xiao Zuo , Liu Fangyang , Ding Yong , Ding Liming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from serious carrier recombination and open‐circuit voltage loss because of surface defects and unfavorable energy level alignment. Herein, a polylactic acid (PLA) modification approach to improve the performance of mixed‐halide inorganic perovskites is reported. First, the surface defects are effectively passivated through strong interaction between C═O in PLA and undercoordinated Pb2+. Second, secondary grain growth is induced by PLA modification, resulting in larger grain sizes. Third, PLA modification makes the surface region of perovskite change from n‐ to p‐type, favoring charge transport from perovskite to the hole transport layer (HTL). The PLA modified films enable PSCs with less nonradiative recombination and lower energy loss. Consequently, record PCEs of 19.12% and 18.05% are achieved for CsPbI2.25Br0.75 and CsPbI2Br PSCs, respectively. The PSC with an active area of 1 cm2 shows a PCE of 16.41%. A PCE of 14.70% is achieved for HTL‐free PSC with carbon electrode. In addition, the PSC with PLA modification shows significantly improved air stability due to the hydrophobic PLA coating. This work suggests that PLA surface modification is an effective approach to achieving efficient, stable, scalable, and low‐cost inorganic PSCs.
Neurofibromatosis‐ and schwannomatosis‐associated tumors: Approaches to genetic testing and counseling considerations
Authors: Goetsch Weisman Allison , Weiss McQuaid Shelly , Radtke Heather B. , Stoll Jessica , Brown Bryce , Gomes Alicia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeurofibromatosis (NF) and schwannomatosis (SWN) are genetic conditions characterized by the risk of developing nervous system tumors. Recently revised diagnostic criteria include the addition of genetic testing to confirm a pathogenic variant, as well as to detect the presence of mosaicism. Therefore, the use and interpretation of both germline and tumor‐based testing have increasing importance in the diagnostic approach, treatment decisions, and risk stratification of these conditions. This focused review discusses approaches to genetic testing of NF‐ and SWN‐related tumor types, which are somewhat rare and perhaps lesser known to non‐specialized clinicians. These include gastrointestinal stromal tumors, breast cancer, plexiform neurofibromas with or without transformation to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, gliomas, and schwannomas, and emphasizes the need for inclusion of genetic providers in patient care and appropriate pre‐ and post‐test education, genetic counseling, and focused evaluation by a medical geneticist or other healthcare provider familiar with clinical manifestations of these disorders.
Centimeter‐Size Single Crystals of Halide Perovskite Photoferroelectric Solid Solution with Ultrahigh Pyroelectricity Boosted Photodetection
Authors: Li Xiaoqi , Zhang Fen , Yue Zengshan , Wang Qianxi , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua , Liu Xitao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotoferroelectrics, especially emerging halide perovskite ferroelectrics, have motivated tremendous interests owing to their fascinating bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) and cross‐coupled functionalities. However, solid solutions of halide perovskite photoferroelectrics with controllable structure and enhanced performance are scarcely explored. Herein, through mixing cage cation, a homogeneous halide perovskite photoferroelectric PA2FAxMA1−xPb2Br7 solid solution (PA, FA and MA are CH3CH2CH2NH3+, NH2CHNH2+ and CH3NH3+, 0≤x≤1) has been developed, which demonstrates tunable Curie temperature in a wide range of 263–323 K and excellent optoelectrical features. As the component adjusted to x=0.7, the bulk crystal demonstrates ultrahigh pyroelectric coefficient up to 1.48 μC cm−2 K−1 around room temperature. Strikingly, benefiting from the light‐induced pyroelectricity and remarkable BPVE, a self‐powered and sensitive photodetector based solid solution crystals with boosted responsivity and detectivity over than 1300 % has been achieved. This pioneering work sheds light on the exploration of photoferroelectric solid solutions towards high‐performance photoelectronic devices.
Tuning C1/C2 Selectivity of CO2 Electrochemical Reduction over in‐Situ Evolved CuO/SnO2 Heterostructure
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Huimin , Wang Min , Wang Jinxiu , Tuo Yongxiao , Li Wenzhen , Zhou Shanshan , Kong Linghui , Liu Guangbo , Jiang Luhua , Wang Guoxiong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeterostructured oxides with versatile active sites, as a class of efficient catalysts for CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER), are prone to undergo structure reconstruction under working conditions, thus bringing challenges to understanding the reaction mechanism and rationally designing catalysts. Herein, we for the first time elucidate the structural reconstruction of CuO/SnO2 under electrochemical potentials and reveal the intrinsic relationship between CO2ER product selectivity and the in situ evolved heterostructures. At −0.85 VRHE, the CuO/SnO2 evolves to Cu2O/SnO2 with high selectivity to HCOOH (Faradaic efficiency of 54.81 %). Mostly interestingly, it is reconstructed to Cu/SnO2‐x at −1.05 VRHE with significantly improved Faradaic efficiency to ethanol of 39.8 %. In situ Raman spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the synergetic absorption of *COOH and *CHOCO intermediates at the interface of Cu/SnO2‐x favors the formation of *CO and decreases the energy barrier of C−C coupling, leading to high selectivity to ethanol.
Integrating Achiral and Chiral Organic Ligands in Zero‐Dimensional Hybrid Metal Halides to Boost Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Liu Yulian , Luo Zhishan , Wei Yi , Li Chen , Chen Yulin , He Xin , Chang Xiaoyong , Quan Zewei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChiral zero‐dimensional hybrid metal halides (0D HMHs) could combine excellent optical properties and chirality, making them promising for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). However, chiral 0D HMHs with efficient CPL have been rarely reported. Here, we propose an efficient strategy to achieve simultaneously high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and large dissymmetry factor (glum), by integrating achiral and chiral ligands into 0D HMHs. Specifically, three pairs of chiral 0D hybrid indium‐antimony chlorides are synthesized by combing achiral guanidine with three types of chiral methylbenzylammonium‐based derivatives as the organic cations. These chiral 0D HMHs exhibit near‐unity PLQY and large glum values up to around ±1×10−2. The achiral guanidine ligand is not only essential to crystallize these hybrid indium‐antimony chlorides to achieve near‐unity PLQYs, but also greatly enhances the chirality induction from organic ligands to inorganic units in these 0D HMHs. Furthermore, the choice of different chiral ligands can modify the strength of hydrogen bonding interactions in these 0D HMHs, to maximize their glum values. Overall, this study provides a robust way to realize efficient CPL in chiral HMHs, expanding their applications in chiroptical fields.
Atomization‐Induced High Intrinsic Activity of a Biocompatible MgAl‐LDH Supported Ru Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Efficient Radicals Scavenging
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Fang Yingyan , Han Xu , Jiang Runtao , Zhao Lin , Yang Xiang , Jin Jing , Han Aijuan , Liu Junfeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeveloping efficient nanozymes to mimic natural enzymes for scavenging reactive radicals remains a significant challenge owing to the insufficient activity of conventional nanozymes. Herein, we report a novel Ru single‐atom nanozyme (SAE), featuring atomically dispersed Ru atoms on a biocompatible MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (Ru1/LDH). The prepared Ru1/LDH SAE shows high intrinsic peroxidase (POD)‐like catalytic activity, which outperforms the Ru nanoclusters (NCs) nanozyme by a factor of 20 and surpasses most SAEs. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the high intrinsic POD‐like activity of Ru1/LDH can be attributed to a heterolytic path of H2O2 dissociation on the single Ru sites, which requires lower free energy (0.43 eV) compared to the homolytic path dissociation on Ru NC (0.63 eV). In addition, the Ru1/LDH SAE shows excellent multiple free radicals scavenging ability, including superoxide anion radical (O2⋅−), hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), nitric oxide radical (NO⋅) and 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH⋅). Given the advantages of Ru1/LDH with high enzymatic activities, biosafety, and ease to scale up, it paves the way for exploring SAEs in the practical biological immunity system.
Lithium Promotes Acetylide Formation on MgO During Methane Coupling Under Non‐Oxidative Conditions
Authors: Zhang Seraphine B. X. Y. , Pessemesse Quentin , Berkson Zachariah J. , van Bavel Alexander P. , Horton Andrew D. , Payard Pierre‐Adrien , Copéret Christophe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA prototypical material for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is Li/MgO, for which Li is known to be essential as a dopant to obtain high C2 selectivities. Herein, Li/MgO is demonstrated to be an effective catalyst for non‐oxidative coupling of methane (NOCM). Moreover, the presence of Li is shown to favor the formation of magnesium acetylide (MgC2), while pure MgO promotes coke formation as evidenced by solid‐state 13C NMR, thus indicating that Li promotes C−C bond formation. Metadynamic simulations of the carbon mobility in MgC2 and Li2C2 at the density functional theory (DFT) level show that carbon easily diffuses as a C2 unit at 1000 °C. These insights suggest that the enhanced C2 selectivity for Li‐doped MgO is related to the formation of Li and Mg acetylides.
Long‐Life, High‐Rate Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Based on Soluble Bis(2‐pyrimidyl) Disulfide Cathode
Authors: Xing Hansong , Guo Wenlong , Tang Shuai , Si Yubing , Song Jiahan , Fu Yongzhu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrganosulfides are promising candidates as cathode materials for the development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to their low‐cost and high capacity properties. However, they generally suffer from slow kinetics because of the large rearrangement of S−S bonds and structural degradation upon cycling in batteries. In this paper, we reveal that soluble bis(2‐pyrimidyl) disulfide (Pym2S2) can be a high‐rate cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Benefiting from the superdelocalization of pyrimidyl group, the extra electrons prefer to be localized on the π* (pyrimidyl group) than σ* (S−S bond) molecular orbitals initially, generating the anion‐like intermedia of [Pym2S2]2− and thus decreasing the dissociation energy of the S−S bond. It makes the intrinsic energy barrier of dissociative electron transfer depleted, therefore the lithium half cell exhibits 2000 cycles at 5 C. This study provides a distinct pathway for the design of high‐rate, long‐cycle‐life organic cathode materials.
Atroposelective PIII/PV=O Redox Catalysis for the Isoquinoline‐Forming Staudinger–aza‐Wittig Reaction
Authors: Moser Daniel , Jana Kalipada , Sparr Christof 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, we describe the feasibility of atroposelective PIII/PV=O redox organocatalysis by the Staudinger–aza‐Wittig reaction. The formation of isoquinoline heterocycles thereby enables the synthesis of a broad range of valuable atropisomers under mild conditions with enantioselectivities of up to 98 : 2 e.r. Readily prepared azido cinnamate substrates convert in high yield with stereocontrol by a chiral phosphine catalyst, which is regenerated using a silane reductant under Brønsted acid co‐catalysis. The reaction provides access to diversified aryl isoquinolines, as well as benzoisoquinoline and naphthyridine atropisomers. The products are expeditiously transformed into N‐oxides, naphthol and triaryl phosphine variants of prevalent catalysts and ligands. With dinitrogen release and aromatization as ideal driving forces, it is anticipated that atroposelective redox organocatalysis provides access to a multitude of aromatic heterocycles with precise control over their configuration.