bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dilemma and countermeasures of educational data ethics in the age of intelligence
Authors: Guan Xiu , Feng Xiang , Islam A.Y.M. Atiquil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the advent of the era of intelligent education, artificial intelligence and other technologies are being integrated into education, so that more educational data can be collected, processed, and analyzed. However, educational data ethics is an important factor that hinders the application of educational data. Thus, it is important to ensure privacy and security by reasonable use of educational data. As such, this research focuses on analysis of hot-points, trends in development and problems of educational data ethics in existing research using bibliometric analysis. Based on in-depth analysis, this study proposes targeted problem-solving strategies, and future developmental direction for learner-centered educational data ethics in the era of intelligent education. This study found three major problems in the educational data ethics: (a) violation of privacy during data collection, storage, and sharing, (b) the deprivation of the ability of educational subjects to make independent choices by prediction of educational data, (c) and the lack of “forgetting ability” based on data as the evaluation standard, which is one of the restrictions on the development of educational subjects. This research proposes that the corresponding problem-solving strategy in China should be learner-centered, combined with technologies such as blockchain, 5 G technology, and federated learning to form targeted solutions from different levels. Firstly, it is necessary to establish a standard system and related platforms of educational data from the macro level. Second, the research-practice dual channels should make efforts to build a new ecology of educational data. Third, schools and teachers must appropriately apply educational data in evaluation. Finally, this study provides direction and guidance for other countries or regions in researching educational data ethics.
Development of air-assisted atomization device for the delivery of cells in viscous biological ink prepared with sodium alginate
Authors: Yan Xintao , Wang Ce , Ma Yuting , Wang Yao , Song Feifei , Zhong Jinfeng , Wu Xiaodong 
Published: April 2023

Skin wounds, especially large-area skin trauma, would bring great pain and even fatal risk to patients. In recent years, local autologous cell transplantation has shown great potential for wound healing and re-epithelialization. However, when the cell suspension prepared with normal saline is delivered to the wound, due to its low viscosity, it is easy to form big drops in the deposition and lose them from the wound bed, resulting in cell loss and uneven coverage. Here, we developed a novel air-assisted atomization device (AAAD). Under proper atomization parameters, 1% (w/v) sodium alginate (SA) solution carrier could be sprayed uniformly. Compared with normal saline, the run-off of the SA on the surface of porcine skin was greatly reduced. In theory, the spray height of AAAD could be set to achieve the adjustment of a large spray area of 1–12 cm2. In the measurement of droplet velocity and HaCaT cell viability, the spray height of AAAD would affect the droplet settling velocity and then the cell delivery survival rate (CSR). Compared with the spray height of 50 mm, the CSR of 100 mm was significantly higher and could reach 91.09% ± 1.82% (92.82% ± 2.15% in control). For bio-ink prepared with 1% (w/v) SA, the viability remained the same during the 72-h incubation. Overall, the novel AAAD uniformly atomized bio-ink with high viscosity and maintained the viability and proliferation rate during the delivery of living cells. Therefore, AAAD has great potential in cell transplantation therapy, especially for large-area or irregular skin wounds.
Dark matter axion search using a Josephson Traveling wave parametric amplifier
Authors: Bartram C. , Braine T. , Cervantes R. , Crisosto N. , Du N. , Leum G. , Mohapatra P. , Nitta T. , Rosenberg L. J. , Rybka G. , Yang J. , Clarke John , Siddiqi I. , Agrawal A. , Dixit A. V. , Awida M. H. , Chou A. S. , Hollister M. , Knirck S. , Sonnenschein A. , Wester W. , Gleason J. R. , Hipp A. T. , Jois S. , Sikivie P. , Sullivan N. S. , Tanner D. B. , Lentz E. , Khatiwada R. , Carosi G. , Cisneros C. , Robertson N. , Woollett N. , Duffy L. D. , Boutan C. , Jones M. , LaRoque B. H. , Oblath N. S. , Taubman M. S. , Daw E. J. , Perry M. G. , Buckley J. H. , Gaikwad C. , Hoffman J. , Murch K. , Goryachev M. , McAllister B. T. , Quiskamp A. , Thomson C. , Tobar M. E. , Bolkhovsky V. , Calusine G. , Oliver W. , Serniak K. 
Published: April 2023

We describe the first implementation of a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) in an axion dark matter search. The operation of the JTWPA for a period of about two weeks achieved sensitivity to axion-like particle dark matter with axion–photon couplings above 10−13 Ge V−1 over a narrow range of axion masses centered around 19.84 µeV by tuning the resonant frequency of the cavity over the frequency range of 4796.7–4799.5 MHz. The JTWPA was operated in the insert of the axion dark matter experiment as part of an independent receiver chain that was attached to a 0.56-l cavity. The ability of the JTWPA to deliver high gain over a wide (3 GHz) bandwidth has engendered interest from those aiming to perform broadband axion searches, a longstanding goal in this field.
Toward streaked collective Thomson scattering measurements on an extreme ultraviolet plasma light source
Authors: Simeni Simeni M. , Davies A. S. , Diallo A. 
Published: April 2023

We show through forward modeling calculations that streaked collective Thomson scattering measurements are feasible on laser-produced tin plasmas generated under conditions relevant for extreme ultraviolet lithography. Using a 532 nm probe laser beam, the feasibility of simultaneous measurements of electron plasma wave (EPW) and ion acoustic wave (IAW) spectra is investigated. Absolute photon counts for laser scattering off both waves are calculated. Probe laser electron heating and bremsstrahlung background radiation effects are accounted for. While a large spatiotemporal region can be successfully probed based on the IAW feature, only one measurement location can be accessed through the EPW as a result of the low signal to noise ratio. A portable/traveling tabletop system is proposed.
Development of the control system for electron cyclotron resonance heating on J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Chen X. X. , Hu F. R. , Weng W. T. , Zheng W. , Xia D. H. , Wang Z. J. , Pan Y. 
Published: April 2023

A 105 GHz/500 kW/1 s electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system has been developed on J-TEXT tokamak since 2017. The core component of the ECRH system is a gyrotron manufactured by Gyrotron Complexes Ltd. (GYCOM Ltd.), which generates microwaves of a certain frequency and power. To guarantee safe and stable operation, it is necessary to design a specialized control system. The control system is expected to perform time sequence trigger, protection, signal monitoring, communication, and data acquisition. The hardware is built with real-time processors and data acquisition modules from National Instruments. The control program is realized by LabVIEW. Test results indicate that the control system can commit stable and safe operation of the gyrotron, which guarantees the integrated commissioning tests of the whole ECRH system and ECRH related physics experiments. Under the operation of this control system, the gyrotron can generate microwaves as expected, and the ECRH system is well protected when a fault takes place.
Transport properties in liquids from first-principles: The case of liquid water and liquid argon
Authors: Silvestrelli Pier Luigi 
Published: April 2023

Shear and bulk viscosities of liquid water and argon are evaluated from first-principles in the density functional theory (DFT) framework, by performing molecular dynamics simulations in the NVE ensemble and using the Kubo–Greenwood equilibrium approach. The standard DFT functional is corrected in such a way to allow for a reasonable description of van der Waals effects. For liquid argon, the thermal conductivity has been also calculated. Concerning liquid water, to our knowledge, this is the first estimate of the bulk viscosity and of the shear-viscosity/bulk-viscosity ratio from first-principles. By analyzing our results, we can conclude that our first-principles simulations, performed at a nominal average temperature of 366 to guarantee that the systems are liquid-like, actually describe the basic dynamical properties of liquid water at about 330 K. In comparison with liquid water, the normal, monatomic liquid Ar is characterized by a much smaller bulk-viscosity/shear-viscosity ratio (close to unity) and this feature is well reproduced by our first-principles approach, which predicts a value of the ratio in better agreement with experimental reference data than that obtained using the empirical Lennard-Jones potential. The computed thermal conductivity of liquid argon is also in good agreement with the experimental value.
Time spent feeding as an early indicator of metritis in postpartum dairy cows: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cocco R. , Canozzi M. E. A. , Vieira A. C. , Fischer V. 
Published: April 2023

Context Feeding behaviour is an important tool for the early detection of diseases in dairy cows. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the variation in time spent feeding in the prepartum and postpartum periods may be used to detect the occurrence of metritis and subclinical ketosis (SCK) before the onset of the clinical symptoms at the postpartum. Methods The research was conducted in four electronic databases, including Scopus, Science Direct, Pubmed, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria for citations were original research, evaluation of daily time spent feeding in dairy cows, and use of this indicator for early identification of metritis and/or SCK in dairy cows in the prepartum and postpartum periods. A random-effect meta-analysis (MA) was conducted for metritis with the time spent feeding means of control (healthy) and treated (sick) groups measured in the prepartum and postpartum periods. The analysis was conducted with the values of daily time spent feeding before and after calving in both groups. Key results In total, 26 trials from six papers, involving 1037 dairy cows, were included in the statistical analysis. No data were obtained for SCK to conduct a MA, while for metritis, 16 trials from six papers (prepartum) and 10 trials from three papers (postpartum) were considered. The heterogeneity between studies on metritis was moderate (I2 = 57.5%) in the prepartum period and low (I2 = 10.0%) in the postpartum period. The mean difference feeding time for healthy and unhealthy animals was greater during postpartum (21.14 min/day, P < 0.001) than during prepartum (16.36 min/day, P < 0.001). Meta-regression analysis showed that number of daily milkings, sample size, and the place of running trial significantly influenced the time spent feeding by cows. Conclusion On the basis of available and suitable scientific literature, time spent feeding is reduced at the prepartum and postpartum periods in dairy cows further affected by metritis. Implications This study evidenced that feeding time might be incorporated into health-monitoring protocols for early detection of metritis in dairy cows.
A copy number variant near KITLG is associated with the roan pattern in alpacas
Authors: Shah Ishani , Gray Naomi , Groth David , Brooks Samantha , Munyard Kylie 
Published: April 2023

Context The alpaca roan pattern is characterised by white and coloured fibre interspersed together, with a distinctive lighter body and darker extremities, and commonly is believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. It is of interest to the alpaca fibre industry as it causes ‘contamination’ of coloured fibre with white fibres, but cannot be detected in white or light fawn animals. Other livestock species, such as horses, cattle, goats, and pigs, exhibit comparable phenotypes, which are associated with candidate variant(s) in either KIT or KITLG. Aims To identify a region or regions of the genome that is/are causative of the roan pattern in alpacas. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) by using 13 roan and 14 non-roan alpacas sampled from the USA, Australia, and New Zealand. Regions of genome-wide significance were examined for variants that correlated with the roan phenotype. Key results A novel candidate single-nucleotype polymorphism (SNP; Super-Scaffold_15:39 742 851T > A), located 272 kb upstream of KITLG, was identified in 1 of 12 regions with genome-wide significant association (P ≤ 5 × 10−8). We identified the candidate SNP-containing region (Super-Scaffold_15:39 742 096–39 887 419) to be a 145 kb copy number variant (CNV) that is likely to be a tandem duplication. All 13 roan alpacas had one or two copies of the roan-associated T allele and all except three non-roans had zero copies. Furthermore, we determined the Mendelian inheritance of copy number haplotypes and their allelic composition in a roan and a non-roan family. Conclusions Our data support the hypothesised autosomal incomplete dominant mode of inheritance of the roan pattern in alpacas and suggests that the effect of the T allele CNV version is likely to be suppressed when in cis with the A allele CNV version. However, additional verification is required to validate the finding and determine the functional effect. Implications Identification of the cause, or a marker for roan pattern will allow alpaca breeders to select for or against the roan pattern, even when the phenotype is hidden, and therefore increase production output and profitability.
E2F regulation of the
Phosphoglycerate kinase
gene is functionally important in
Drosophila
development
Authors: Zappia Maria Paula , Kwon Yong-Jae , Westacott Anton , Liseth Isabel , Lee Hyun Min , Islam Abul B. M. M. K. , Kim Jiyeon , Frolov Maxim V. 
Published: April 2023

The canonical role of the transcription factor E2F is to control the expression of cell cycle genes by binding to the E2F sites in their promoters. However, the list of putative E2F target genes is extensive and includes many metabolic genes, yet the significance of E2F in controlling the expression of these genes remains largely unknown. Here, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce point mutations in the E2F sites upstream of five endogenous metabolic genes in
Drosophila melanogaster
. We found that the impact of these mutations on both the recruitment of E2F and the expression of the target genes varied, with the glycolytic gene,
Phosphoglycerate kinase
(
Pgk)
, being mostly affected. The loss of E2F regulation on the
Pgk
gene led to a decrease in glycolytic flux, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates levels, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and an abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Remarkably, chromatin accessibility was significantly reduced at multiple genomic regions in

Pgk
ΔE2F

mutants. These regions contained hundreds of genes, including metabolic genes that were downregulated in

Pgk
ΔE2F

mutants. Moreover,

Pgk
ΔE2F

animals had shortened life span and exhibited defects in high-energy consuming organs, such as ovaries and muscles. Collectively, our results illustrate how the pleiotropic effects on metabolism, gene expression, and development in the

Pgk
ΔE2F

animals underscore the importance of E2F regulation on a single E2F target,
Pgk
.
From evaluative authorities to involved narrators
Authors: Posio Pekka , Heikkilä Riie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIs the use of the first-person singular becoming more prevalent in journalistic writing, like often claimed, and what is it used for? In order to tackle these questions, we analysed 11,775 articles published between 1960 and 2010 in the cultural sections ofABCandEl País(Spain),Dagens Nyheter(Sweden),Helsingin Sanomat(Finland),Le Monde(France), andThe Guardian(UK). Our analysis focuses on the variation and change in the frequency and functions of first-person singular pronoun and verb forms over time and between different newspapers. We provide a logistic regression analysis of the whole dataset, as well as a qualitative analysis of the 1,077 articles containing at least one first-person singular. The analyses reveal a considerable amount of variation in first-person singular usage between each newspaper. The findings, however, converge to reveal that the frequency of first-persons singulars increases over time while its narrative uses become predominant at the expense of the evaluative and epistemic ones.
Symmetry breaking and competition effect in phase transitions
Authors: Yang Shuang-Liang , Luo Wei , Badshah Fazal , Zhou Yuan , Fu Yan-Hua , Tong Rui , Wu Cheng-Rui , Hu Yong-Jin , Chen Jie , Zeng Wei-You 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study is started from a photon-magnon model with a competition effect of the level attraction and repulsion, its Hermiticity is mainly decided by a phase-dependent and asymmetric coupling factor, namely φ = 0 for Hermitian and

ϕ
=
π

for non-Hermitian. Then an extensional study predicts the quantum critical behaviors using an Hermitian and even no-Hermitian photon-spins model with an additional second-order drive. The numerical results firstly indicate that this coupling phase φ can function the protective effect on quantum phase transitions (QPTs), and the new tricritical points can not only be modulated by this nonlinear drive, but also be influenced by the dissipation and the collective decoherence. Secondly, this competition effect can also induce a reversal of the value of order parameters between the positive and negative. This study can also bring more important results of QPTs toward the issue of symmetry breaking and non-Hermiticity.
Nanoscale imaging of quantum dot dimers using time-resolved super-resolution microscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Dunlap Megan K , Ryan Duncan P , Goodwin Peter M , Sheehan Chris J , Werner James H , Majumder Somak , Hollingsworth Jennifer A , Gelfand Martin P , Van Orden Alan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Time-resolved super-resolution microscopy was used in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy to image individual colloidal CdSe/CdS semiconductor quantum dots (QD) and QD dimers. The photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes, intensities, and structural parameters were acquired with nanometer scale spatial resolution and sub-nanosecond time resolution. The combination of these two techniques was more powerful than either alone, enabling us to resolve the PL properties of individual QDs within QD dimers as they blinked on and off, measure interparticle distances, and identify QDs that may be participating in energy transfer. The localization precision of our optical imaging technique was ∼3 nm, low enough that the emission from individual QDs within the dimers could be spatially resolved. While the majority of QDs within dimers acted as independent emitters, at least one pair of QDs in our study exhibited lifetime and intensity behaviors consistent with resonance energy transfer from a shorter lifetime and lower intensity donor QD to a longer lifetime and higher intensity acceptor QD. For this case, we demonstrate how the combined super-resolution optical imaging and scanning electron microscopy data can be used to characterize the energy transfer rate.
Vertical strain engineering of Van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Bian Jinbo , Xu Zhiping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Van der Waals materials and their interfaces play critical roles in defining electrical contacts for nanoelectronics and developing vehicles for mechanoelectrical energy conversion. In this work, we propose a vertical strain engineering approach by enforcing pressure across the heterostructures. First-principles calculations show that the in-plane band structures of 2D materials such as graphene, h-BN, and MoS2 as well as the electronic coupling at their contacts can be significantly modified. For the graphene/h-BN contact, a band gap in graphene is opened, while at the graphene/MoS2 interface, the band gap of MoS2 and the Schottky barrier height at contact diminish. Changes and transitions in the nature of contacts are attributed to localized orbital coupling and analyzed through the redistribution of charge densities, the crystal orbital Hamilton population, and electron localization, which yield consistent measures. These findings offer key insights into the understanding of interfacial interaction between 2D materials as well as the efficiency of electronic transport and energy conversion processes.
Single proton LET characterization with the Timepix detector and artificial intelligence for advanced proton therapy treatment planning
Authors: Stasica Paulina , Nguyen Hanh , Granja Carlos , Kopeć Renata , Marek Lukas , Oancea Cristina , Raczyński Łukasz , Rucinski Antoni , Rydygier Marzena , Schubert Keith , Schulte Reinhard , Gajewski Jan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Protons have advantageous dose distributions and are increasingly used in cancer therapy. At the depth of the Bragg peak range, protons produce a mixed radiation field consisting of low- and high-linear energy transfer (LET) components, the latter of which is characterized by an increased ionization density on the microscopic scale associated with increased biological effectiveness. Prediction of the yield and LET of primary and secondary charged particles at a certain depth in the patient is performed by Monte Carlo simulations but is difficult to verify experimentally. Approach. Here, the results of measurements performed with Timepix detector in the mixed radiation field produced by a therapeutic proton beam in water are presented and compared to Monte Carlo simulations. The unique capability of the detector to perform high-resolution single particle tracking and identification enhanced by artificial intelligence allowed to resolve the particle type and measure the deposited energy of each particle comprising the mixed radiation field. Based on the collected data, biologically important physics parameters, the LET of single protons and dose-averaged LET, were computed. Main results. An accuracy over 95% was achieved for proton recognition with a developed neural network model. For recognized protons, the measured LET spectra generally agree with the results of Monte Carlo simulations. The mean difference between dose-averaged LET values obtained from measurements and simulations is 17%. We observed a broad spectrum of LET values ranging from a fraction of keV μm−1 to about 10 keV μm−1 for most of the measurements performed in the mixed radiation fields. Significance. It has been demonstrated that the introduced measurement method provides experimental data for validation of LETD or LET spectra in any treatment planning system. The simplicity and accessibility of the presented methodology make it easy to be translated into a clinical routine in any proton therapy facility.