bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MULT: A new BMI reference to assess nutritional status of multi‐ethnic children and adolescents
Authors: de Oliveira Mariane Helen , Araújo Joana , Severo Milton , Rodrigues Kévin Allan Sales , Conde Wolney Lisboa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a new Body Mass Index (BMI) reference (MULT) based on longitudinal data of multi‐ethnic populations and to compare it to international BMI references.MethodsThe MULT BMI reference was constructed through the LMS method and the Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS), with 81 310 observations of 17 505 subjects aged 0–22 years old, from the United Kingdom, Ethiopia, Peru, India, Vietnam, Brazil, and Portugal. Outlier values were removed based on weight z‐scores (population level) and based on BMI z‐scores using the linear mixed effects model (individual level). The MULT M, S and L curves were compared to the ones of the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and Dutch Growth Study (DUTCH). The MULT BMI percentile cutoffs for overweight and obesity were calculated using the adult BMI values of 25 and 30 kg/m2 at 17, 18, 19, and 20 years old.ResultsMULT presented the lowest mean BMI values for the ages 102–240 months for boys and 114–220 months for girls. MULT S values were similar to the WHO and IOTF for children under 60 months of age and the highest during puberty, while the L curve showed to be more symmetric than the other BMI references.ConclusionThe MULT BMI reference was constructed based on recent data of populations from 10 countries, being a good option to assess the nutritional status of multi‐ethnic populations.
Rare variants found in multiplex families with orofacial clefts: Does expanding the phenotype make a difference?
Authors: Diaz Perez Kimberly K. , Chung Sydney , Head S. Taylor , Epstein Michael P. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Wehby George L. , Weinberg Seth M. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Marazita Mary L. , Leslie Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExome sequencing (ES) is now a relatively straightforward process to identify causal variants in Mendelian disorders. However, the same is not true for ES in families where the inheritance patterns are less clear, and a complex etiology is suspected. Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are highly heritable birth defects with both Mendelian and complex etiologies. The phenotypic spectrum of OFCs may include overt clefts and several subclinical phenotypes, such as discontinuities in the orbicularis oris muscle (OOM) in the upper lip, velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), microform clefts or bifid uvulas. We hypothesize that expanding the OFC phenotype to include these phenotypes can clarify inheritance patterns in multiplex families, making them appear more Mendelian. We performed exome sequencing to find rare, likely causal genetic variants in 31 multiplex OFC families, which included families with multiple individuals with OFCs and individuals with subclinical phenotypes. We identified likely causal variants in COL11A2, IRF6, SHROOM3, SMC3, TBX3, and TP63 in six families. Although we did not find clear evidence supporting the subclinical phenotype hypothesis, our findings support a role for rare variants in the etiology of OFCs.
Is the association between cognitive disease progression and atrial fibrillation modified by sex?
Authors: Wood Kathryn A. , Han Feier , Ko Yi‐An , Wharton Whitney W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIt is unclear if sex differences exist in cognitive disease progression in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia associated with atrial fibrillation (AF).METHODSUsing a variety of statistical methods, we examined sex differences between AF and neuropsychological tests and cognitive disease progression, using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data (N = 43,630).RESULTSAF is associated with higher odds of dementia (odds ratio [OR] 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.22, 7.37] in women and MCI in women (OR 3.43, 95% CI [1.55, 7.55]) versus men. Women with AF and normal baseline cognition had a higher risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% CI [1.06, 1.50]) from normal to MCI and from MCI to vascular dementia (HR3.27, 95% CI [1.89, 5.65]) than men with AF or men and women without AF.DISCUSSIONAF was associated with more rapid progression to MCI and dementia in women, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
NPTX2 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Predicts the Progression From Normal Cognition to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Soldan Anja , Oh Sungtaek , Ryu Taekyung , Pettigrew Corinne , Zhu Yuxin , Moghekar Abhay , Xiao Mei‐Fang , Pontone Gregory M. , Albert Marilyn , Na Chan‐Hyun , Worley Paul 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThis study examined whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) baseline levels of the synaptic protein NPTX2 predict time to onset of symptoms of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), both alone and when accounting for traditional CSF Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker levels. Longitudinal NPTX2 levels were also examined.MethodsCSF was collected longitudinally from 269 cognitively normal BIOCARD Study participants (mean baseline age = 57.7 years; mean follow‐up = 16.3 years; n = 77 progressed to MCI/dementia). NPTX2 levels were measured from 3 correlated peptides using quantitative parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Levels of Aβ42/Aβ40, p‐tau181, and t‐tau were measured from the same CSF specimens using Lumipulse automated electrochemiluminescence assays.ResultsIn Cox regression models, lower baseline NPTX2 levels were associated with an earlier time to MCI symptom onset (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76, SE = 0.09, p = 0.023). This association was significant for progression within 7 years (p = 0.036) and after 7 years from baseline (p = 0.001). Baseline NPTX2 levels improved prediction of time to MCI symptom onset after accounting for baseline AD biomarker levels (p < 0.01), and NPTX2 did not interact with the CSF AD biomarkers or APOE‐ε4 genetic status. In linear mixed effects models, higher baseline p‐tau181 and t‐tau levels were associated with higher baseline levels of NPTX2 (both p < 0.001) and greater rates of NPTX2 declines over time.InterpretationNPTX2 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker during preclinical AD that provides additive and independent prediction of MCI onset among individuals who are cognitively normal. We hypothesize that NPTX2‐mediated circuit homeostasis confers resilience during the early phase of AD. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:620–631
Adaptive tracking control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with input delay using multidimensional Taylor network
Authors: Zheng Xiao‐Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive tracking control strategy based on multidimensional Taylor network (MTN) is designed for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with input delay, in which MTN is mainly introduced to approximate uncertain nonlinear functions. Moreover, the effect of input delay is compensated by exploiting an appropriate auxiliary system with the same order as the considered system. By utilizing the backstepping technique and classical adaptive approach, an MTN‐based adaptive tracking control method is proposed, which guarantees that all the signals in the closed‐loop system remain bounded in probability. Furthermore, unlike most existing approaches, the tracking error can be bounded by an explicit expression of design parameters in the mean quartic sense. Finally, two examples are given to verify the validity of the presented scheme.
Finite‐time optimal tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with prescribed performance
Authors: Qin Yi , Wang Lijie , Liu Yang , Cao Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a finite‐time optimal tracking control scheme based on integral reinforcement learning is developed for partially unknown nonlinear systems. In order to realize the prescribed performance, the original system is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained system so as to a composite system is constructed. Subsequently, a modified nonlinear quadratic performance function containing the auxiliary tracking error is designed. Furthermore, the technique of experience replay is used to update the critic neural network, which eliminates the persistent of excitation condition in traditional optimal methods. By combining the prescribed performance control with the finite‐time optimization control technique, the tracking error is driven to a desired performance in finite time. Consequently, it has been shown that all signals in the partially unknown nonlinear system are semiglobally practical finite‐time stable by stability analysis. Finally, the provided comparative simulation results verify the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.
Autistic adults' perspectives on appropriate empathic responses to others' emotions
Authors: Brewer Neil , Georgopoulos Marie Antonia , Lucas Carmen A. , Young Robyn L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough the ability of autistic adults to recognize others' emotions has been extensively studied, less attention has been given to how they respond to these emotions. We examined two aspects of autistic and non‐autistic adults' responsiveness to the emotional expressions of non‐autistic actors: their perspectives on the appropriate way of responding to others' emotions and their awareness of others' perceptions of the likely appropriateness of such responses. Autistic (N = 63) and non‐autistic (N = 67) adult samples viewed videos of 74 dyadic social interactions displaying different examples of 12 emotions expressed by one actor in response to the behavior of the other. After each video, participants (a) nominated the emotion expressed by the first actor, (b) offered their perspective on what would constitute an appropriate empathic response by the second actor, and (c) indicated their confidence in that response. Although the autistic group provided fewer appropriate empathic responses—operationalized via a panel's interpretations of normative responses—than the non‐autistic group, within‐group variability was marked, and the effect was weak and largely confined to basic emotions. Autistic individuals were, however, considerably less confident in their responses. Examination of the relationships between confidence in and the appropriateness of empathic responses provided no indication in either group of reliable discrimination of appropriate from inappropriate empathic responses or finely tuned metacognitive awareness of variations in appropriateness. In sum, autistic adults' perspectives on the appropriate empathic reactions to non‐autistic adults' emotions were not unilaterally or markedly different to those of non‐autistic adults.
Surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Thulium enucleation versus single‐port transvesical robotic simple prostatectomy
Authors: Talamini Susan , Lai Andrew , Palmer Cassandra , van de Walle Gabriel , Zuberek Marcin , Crivellaro Simone 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this work is to compare our outcomes using thulium laser enucleation of prostate (ThuLEP) to the single‐port robot‐assisted simple prostatectomy (SP RASP) in the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2017 through December 2021 of men who underwent SP RASP and ThuLEP performed by a single surgeon with an enucleation experience of >300 cases and extensive robotic experience. The primary outcome was changed in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were operative time, length of stay (LOS), change in post‐void residuals (PVR), de novo stress‐ or urge‐urinary incontinence (SUI, UUI), and rate of complications.ResultsOne hundred two patients underwent surgery during the study period: 33 RASP and 69 ThuLEP. There was no difference in preoperative characteristics, including age and body mass index, between both groups. Changes in IPSS scores postoperatively were not significant between SP RASP versus ThuLEP (−17 vs. −14, p = 0.2956). SP RASP had a longer operative time (180 vs. 90 min, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in LOS (0 vs. 0 days, p = 0.2904). There was no difference in change in PVR (−96 vs. −91 mL, p = 0.8504). SP RASP patients had significantly less postoperative SUI than ThuLEP (0 vs. 13 patients, p = 0.0083), while there was no difference in UUI between both groups (4 vs. 2 patients, p = 0.0843). There was no difference in 30‐day complication rate (21.2% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.9517), although there were three ThuLEP patients with Clavien–Dindo Class III or higher complication.ConclusionsThere was no difference in change in IPSS scores between the two groups. ThuLEP is associated with shorter postoperative catheter days and decreased operative times. Hospital LOS was equivalent. SP RASP demonstrates significantly improved continence rates. Though SP RASP is within the initial learning curve at our institution, early results demonstrate the role for this modality alongside ThuLEP in the treatment of large gland BPH.
Ecotype formation and prophage domestication during gut bacterial evolution
Authors: Frazão Nelson , Gordo Isabel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow much bacterial evolution occurs in our intestines and which factors control it are currently burning questions. The formation of new ecotypes, some of which capable of coexisting for long periods of time, is highly likely in our guts. Horizontal gene transfer driven by temperate phages that can perform lysogeny is also widespread in mammalian intestines. Yet, the roles of mutation and especially lysogeny as key drivers of gut bacterial adaptation remain poorly understood. The mammalian gut contains hundreds of bacterial species, each with many strains and ecotypes, whose abundance varies along the lifetime of a host. A continuous high input of mutations and horizontal gene transfer events mediated by temperate phages drives that diversity. Future experiments to study the interaction between mutations that cause adaptation in microbiomes and lysogenic events with different costs and benefits will be key to understand the dynamic microbiomes of mammals. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/Zjqsiyb5Pk0
Surfactants reduce aggregation of monoclonal antibodies in cell culture medium with improvement in performance of mammalian cell culture
Authors: Desai Ranjeet , Jain Ratnesh , Dandekar Prajakta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are biologics produced using mammalian cells and represent an important class of biotherapeutics. Aggregation in mAbs is a major challenge that can be mitigated by rigorous and reproducible upstream and downstream approaches. The impact of frequently used surfactants, like polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, poloxamer 188, and 2‐hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin, on aggregation of mAbs during cell culture was investigated in this study. Their impact on cell proliferation, viability, and mAb titer was also investigated. Polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 at the concentration of 0.01 g/L and poloxamer 188 at the concentration of 5 g/L were found to be effective in reducing aggregate formation in cell culture medium, without affecting the cell growth or viability. Furthermore, their presence in culture media resulted in increased cell proliferation as compared to the control group. Addition of these surfactants at the specified concentrations increased monomer production while decreasing high molecular weight species in the medium. After mAbs were separated, using protein “A” chromatography, flasks with surfactant exhibited improved antibody stability, when analyzed by DLS. Thus, while producing aggregation‐prone mAbs via mammalian cell culture, these excipients may be employed as cell culture medium supplements to enhance the quality and yield of functional mAbs.
Assessing patterns in cancer screening use by race and ethnicity during the coronavirus pandemic using electronic health record data
Authors: Blavin Fredric E. , Smith Laura Barrie , Dubay Lisa , Basurto Luis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEfforts to prevent the spread of the coronavirus led to dramatic reductions in nonemergency medical care services during the first several months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Delayed or missed screenings can lead to more advanced stage cancer diagnoses with potentially worse health outcomes and exacerbate preexisting racial and ethnic disparities. The objective of this analysis was to examine how the pandemic affected rates of breast and colorectal cancer screenings by race and ethnicity.MethodsWe analyzed panels of providers that placed orders in 2019–2020 for mammogram and colonoscopy cancer screenings using electronic health record (EHR) data. We used a difference‐in‐differences design to examine the extent to which changes in provider‐level mammogram and colonoscopy orders declined over the first year of the pandemic and whether these changes differed across race and ethnicity groups.ResultsWe found considerable declines in both types of screenings from March through May 2020, relative to the same months in 2019, for all racial and ethnic groups. Some rebound in screenings occurred in June through December 2020, particularly among White and Black patients; however, use among other groups was still lower than expected.ConclusionsThis research suggests that many patients experienced missed or delayed screenings during the first few months of the pandemic, which could lead to detrimental health outcomes. Our findings also underscore the importance of having high‐quality data on race and ethnicity to document and understand racial and ethnic disparities in access to care.
Neuromarketing in predicting voting behavior: A case of National elections in India
Authors: Gupta Raveena , Verma Harsh , Kapoor Anuj Pal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolitical choice has huge importance, either expressed in the balloting place or in the exit poll, in bringing a political party to power and thus impacting the economy and society's welfare. Research in leadership and decision‐making suggests that the physical characteristics and traits of an individual influence the consumer's trustworthiness. Despite being a less explored research area, studying the impact of specific verbal and non‐verbal cues of a political leader through a technological lens, such as eye‐tracking has been sparsely talked about. Three sets of experiments were conducted to study voters' visual attention and reactions to gage their willingness to vote. First, an eye‐tracking tool was used to record the visual attention and regions of interest (ROI) of voters. Subsequently, a short survey was used to analyze the “willingness to vote”, followed by a pilot study on their attention to non‐verbal cues from the candidate. Also, a sentiment analysis of the voters was gathered from social media platforms. The present study analyzed the non‐verbal aspects of a political leader with regard to voting intention and found that even a few of the non‐verbal cues have an influence on the willingness to vote for a candidate. The findings contribute to the literature of neuro‐politics and decision‐making by analyzing voters' experiences of two political leaders, Narendra Modi (NaMo) and Rahul Gandhi (RaGa) based on non‐verbal cues. Political parties and candidates should focus on non‐verbal cues to increase their chances of winning elections. In addition, practitioners from the industry should incorporate appropriate non‐verbal cues while designing ad campaigns, personal branding, PR campaigns, and CEO addresses.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Studies of Mannich Bases Oxadiazole Derivatives as New Class of Jack Bean Urease Inhibitors
Authors: Mutahir Sadaf , Khan Muhammad Asim , Almehizia Abdulrahman Abdulaziz , Abouzied Amr Salah , Khalifa Nasrin Eldirdiri , Naglah Ahmed Mohamed , Deng Haishan , Refat Moamen Salaheldeen , Khojali Weam Mohamed Ali , Huwaimel Bader 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMannich bases consisting of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thione (3 a–3 l) bearing various substituents were synthesized and found potent jack bean urease inhibitors. The prepared compounds showed significantly good inhibitory activities with IC50 values from 9.45±0.05 to 267.42±0.23 μM. The compound 3 k containing 4‐chlorophenyl (−R) and 4‐hydroxyphenyl (−R′) was most active with IC50 9.45±0.05 μM followed by 3 e (IC50 22.52±0.15 μM) in which −R was phenyl and −R′ was isopropyl group. However, when both −R and −R′ were either 4‐chlorophenyl groups (3 l) or only −R′ was 4‐nitrophenyl (3 i), both compounds were found inactive. The detailed binding affinities of the produced compounds with protein were explored through molecular docking and data‐supported in‐vitro enzyme inhibition profiles. Drug likeness was confirmed by in silico ADME investigations and molecular orbital analysis (HOMO‐LUMO) and electrostatic potential maps were got from DFT calculations. ESP maps exposed that there are two potential binding sites with the most positive and most negative parts.
Discovery of HyT‐Based Degraders of CDK9‐Cyclin T1 Complex
Authors: Lin Rongkun , Yang Jie , Liu Ting , Wang Mingyu , Ke Chongrong , Luo Cheng , Lin Jin , Li Jiacheng , Lin Hua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDirect modulation of the non‐kinase functions of cyclin and CDK‐cyclin complexes poses challenges. We utilize hydrophobic tag (HyT) based small‐molecule degraders induced degradation of cyclin T1 and its corresponding kinase partner CDK9. LL‐CDK9‐12 demonstrated the most potent and selective degradation ability, with DC50 values of 0.362 μM against CDK9 and 0.680 μM against cyclin T1. In prostate cancer cells, LL‐CDK9‐12 showed enhanced anti‐proliferative activity than its parental molecule SNS032 and LL‐K9‐3, the previous reported CDK9‐cyclin T1 degrader. Moreover, LL‐CDK9‐12 suppressed the downstream signaling of CDK9 and AR efficiently. Altogether, LL‐CDK9‐12 was an effective dual degrader of CDK9‐cyclin T1 and helped study the unknown function of CDK9‐cyclin T1. These results suggest that HyT‐based degraders could be used as a strategy to induce the degradation of protein complexes, providing insights for the design of protein complexes′ degraders.
Diversity of Halogenated Secondary Metabolites in Okinawan Aplysia argus Including 12‐Hydroxypinnaterpene C and Their Feeding Targets
Authors: Nagasaka Misaki , Isa Hayato , Tahara Arisu , Fukada Ryosuke , Kamada Takashi , Ishii Takahiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA new irieane‐type diterpene, 12‐hydroxypinnaterpene C (1), and 21 known compounds, angasiol acetate (2), angasiol (3), 11‐deacetylpinnaterpene C (4), palisadin A (5), 12‐acetoxypalisadin B (6), 12‐hydroxypalisadin B (7), aplysistatin (8), luzodiol (9), 5‐acetoxy‐2‐bromo‐3‐chloro‐chamigra‐7(14),9‐dien‐8‐one (10), neoirietriol (11), neoirietetraol (12), (3Z)‐laurenyne (13), cupalaurenol (14), cupalaurenol acetate (15), (3Z)‐venustinene (16), 10‐hydroxykahukuene B (17), aplysiol B (18), (3Z)‐13‐epipinnatifidenyne (19), 3Z,6R,7R,12S,13S‐obtusenyne (20), (3Z,9Z)‐7‐chloro‐6‐hydroxy‐12‐oxo‐pentadeca‐3,9‐dien‐1‐yne (21), and cholest‐7‐en‐3,5,7‐triol (22) were isolated from the digestive diverticula of Aplysia argus from the Ikei Island in Okinawa, Japan. The structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods such as NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS. These compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity against the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Compounds 11 and 21 exhibited antibacterial activity at 30 μg/disc. In this study, we also discuss the types of red algae that A. argus feeds on in the shallow waters of Okinawa Prefecture.