bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An examination of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021: prospects, challenges, and the way forward
Authors: Borha David Oladeji Ehijie , Olujobi Olusola Joshua 
Published: May 2023

Background: The study examines the gaps in the provisions of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) that could hinder the effective application of the Act in attaining its objectives. The repealed Petroleum Act of 1969 became obsolete and largely incapable of meeting the emerging global best practices in the industry due to inadequate sanctions, failure to address the aspirations of the people of the oil-bearing states, among others. Hence, the need for the PIA of 2021 to overhaul the industry to meet global standards though some controversial provisions that pose challenges to its proper implementation. Methods: The study examines the PIA to identify its prospects, challenges, and the way forward. The methodology the study utilises is doctrinal research with reports from existing literature and tertiary data sources such as newspapers, the Internet, and websites. Pertinent data collected from these sources were theoretically analysed and argued with current literature on the subject. Results: The finding is that the PIA does not make adequate provisions for the energy transition in line with Nigeria’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) under the Paris agreement; the PIA was provided for weak institutions, which translates to weak implementation and enforcement of the law which further widening the gap between the law and reality. Conclusions: The study concluded that, although the Act delivered the much-needed stability in the petroleum industry in Nigeria, there is a need for an overhaul of the Act to further protect the interest of host communities and allow for co-ownership of petroleum resources by the state government.
Association of COVID-19 symptoms and functional status of the COVID-19 survivors in a tertiary health care center in a developing country
Authors: Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Mahjabin Afsana , Islam Md Mahbubul , Tasnim Anika , Khan Fahmida Afroz , Khan Iffat Islam , Alim Abdul , Khasru Moshiur Rahman , Uddin Taslim 
Published: May 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people globally, causing widespread illness and functional limitations. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 symptoms and the functional status of COVID-19 survivors at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in Bangladesh. A total of 244 COVID-19 survivors were enrolled in the study, and their symptoms and functional status were assessed using standardized questionnaires. The post-COVID-19 functional status scale (PCFS) was used to assess the entire range of functional outcomes. Results: Among the participants 57.4% were male and 42.6% were female. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 44.6 ±14.7 years where 37.7% were from the 20-35 years age group. The mean duration of suffering from COVID-19 was 15.9 ±6.1 days where 61.5 % of the patients had a duration of suffering of 11-20 days. Out of the 244 patients, 40 patients had no functional limitation (grade 0 functional status in the PCFS scale) while 100 had negligible functional limitation and 14 had severe functional limitation. We found patients who were suffering from multi-symptoms were statistically significant with PCFS scale grade 4, whereas grade 1 was found to be statistically significant with only respiratory distress. There was a significant association between the duration of COVID-19 symptoms and post-COVID-19 functional status for patients who experienced symptoms for 14 days or more (p<0.05). Conclusions: Considering the negative impact of COVID-19 symptoms on functional status, comprehensive care and support are required for COVID-19 survivors.
Is Your Machine Better Than You? You May Never Know
Authors: de Véricourt Francis , Gurkan Huseyin 
Published: May 2023

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly demonstrating their capacity to make better predictions than human experts. Yet recent studies suggest that professionals sometimes doubt the quality of these systems and overrule machine-based prescriptions. This paper explores the extent to which a decision maker (DM) supervising a machine to make high-stakes decisions can properly assess whether the machine produces better recommendations. To that end, we study a setup in which a machine performs repeated decision tasks (e.g., whether to perform a biopsy) under the DM’s supervision. Because stakes are high, the DM primarily focuses on making the best choice for the task at hand. Nonetheless, as the DM observes the correctness of the machine’s prescriptions across tasks, the DM updates the DM’s belief about the machine. However, the DM is subject to a so-called verification bias such that the DM verifies the machine’s correctness and updates the DM’s belief accordingly only if the DM ultimately decides to act on the task. In this setup, we characterize the evolution of the DM’s belief and overruling decisions over time. We identify situations under which the DM hesitates forever whether the machine is better; that is, the DM never fully ignores but regularly overrules it. Moreover, the DM sometimes wrongly believes with positive probability that the machine is better. We fully characterize the conditions under which these learning failures occur and explore how mistrusting the machine affects them. These findings provide a novel explanation for human–machine complementarity and suggest guidelines on the decision to fully adopt or reject a machine.This paper was accepted by Elena Katok, special issue on the human–algorithm connection.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4791 .
Application of Soy Flour Modified Resins to Hot and Cold Pressed Veneer*
Authors: Asafu-Adjaye Osei , Alawode Abiodun , Via Brian , Banerjee Sujit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Soy flour can be substituted in polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin for bonding plywood. Resin bleed-through is avoided by prepressing at 95°C. The boards have greater wet and dry strength than do those prepared from melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin. Soy flour can also be substituted in emulsion polymer isocyanates for cold-press applications. The soy increases dry strength but keeps the wet strength unchanged. The optimal level of soy flour substitution is about 20 percent in all cases as determined by infrared spectroscopy.
ORGANIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO DOS PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: UM OLHAR PELOS CAMINHOS PERCORRIDOS EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA ESTADUAL DE FEIRA DE SANTANA - BAHIA
Authors: Miranda Cardoso Coutinho Taís , Alves Nogueira Souza Suzana 
Published: May 2023

Este estudo trata-se de uma investigação acerca da organização do trabalho pedagógico dos professores de Educação Física na realidade escolar. Tem como objetivo geral analisar como ocorre o processo de organização do trabalho pedagógico dos professores de Educação Física de uma escola pública estadual de Feira de Santana – Bahia. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de campo, de caráter exploratório e de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação sistemática, entrevista semiestruturada, análise documental e diário de bordo; e analisados através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola estadual do município de Feira de Santana – BA. Os participantes da pesquisa foram os 3 (três) professores de Educação Física e 1 (uma) coordenadora pedagógica. Ficou evidenciado que a organização do trabalho pedagógico dos professores de Educação Física está deturpada e as categorias do mesmo estão dissociadas de suas funções. Os professores participantes da pesquisa, embora comprometidos com a ação docente, apresentam fragilidade na organização do trabalho pedagógico. Dessa forma, torna-se necessária a análise de como está ocorrendo a formação de professores de Educação Física e, além disso, a necessidade de os docentes continuarem aprofundando seus estudos.
All-optical half-adder in a linear three-core fiber device
Authors: Martins F. L. B. , Rodrigues J. P. T. , Nascimento J. C. 
Published: May 2023

The half-adder is one of the most useful combinational logic functions
for data processing. Many research papers in the literature propose
nonlinear all-optical half-adders. Few studies propose linear
all-optical devices, and those that do usually employ microstructured
2D photonic crystals. This work presents the numerical acquisition of
an all-optical half-adder using a linear three-core fiber device. The
device presents high performance and acceptable values of fabrication
and modulation tolerance. It can be made using any fiber technology
and propagated by pulses of any wavelength. Depending on the type of
fiber used, the precision needed to fabricate the device’s smallest
structures can range from 20 nm to 90 nm. This result is
evidence of the possibility of obtaining nonlinear logical processing
using only fiber design.
Regional disparities in Dementia-free Life Expectancy in Japan: An ecological study, using the Japanese long-term care insurance claims database
Authors: Yoshikawa Mikako , Goto Etsu , Shin Jung-ho , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: May 2023

Background
The number of people with dementia increases in an aging society; therefore, promoting policies for dementia throughout the community is crucial to creating a dementia-friendly society. Understanding the status of older adults with dementia in each region of Japan will be a helpful indicator. We calculated Dementia-free Life Expectancy and aimed to examine regional disparities and their associated factors.

Methods
We calculated Dementia-free Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy with Dementia for each secondary medical area in Japan based on the Degree of Independence in Daily Living for the Demented Elderly, using data extracted from the Japanese long-term care insurance claims database. We then conducted a partial least squares regression analysis, the objective variables being Dementia-free Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy with Dementia for both sexes at age 65, and explanatory regional-level variables included demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare resources variables.

Results
The mean estimated regional-level Dementia-free Life Expectancy at age 65 was 17.33 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.27–17.38) for males and 20.05 years (95% CI 19.99–20.11) for females. Three latent components identified by partial least squares regression analysis represented urbanicity, socioeconomic conditions, and health services-related factors of the secondary medical areas. The second component explained the most variation in Dementia-free Life Expectancy of the three, indicating that higher socioeconomic status was associated with longer Dementia-free Life Expectancy.

Conclusions
There were regional disparities in secondary medical area level Dementia-free Life Expectancy. Our results suggest that socioeconomic conditions are more related to Dementia-free Life Expectancy than urbanicity and health services-related factors.
Knowledge, attitude, and perceptions about polycystic ovarian syndrome, and its determinants among Pakistani undergraduate students
Authors: Rizvi Mehwish , Islam Md. Ashraful , Aftab Muhammad Tariq , Naqvi Atta Abbas , Jahangir Amnah , Ishaqui Azfar Athar , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: May 2023

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude, perception, and assess the determinants of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among undergraduate students.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among female undergraduate students in Pakistan using a survey. The questionnaire was formulated in English language by a review of literature and expert consensus. The sampling approach was convenient, and survey was available as electronic as well as hardcopy. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v23. Descriptive statistics namely mean (x¯), standard deviation (SD), or median (x¯) and interquartile range (IQR) were used dependent upon data distribution. In addition, range (R) was also utilized to express the results. The logistic and linear regression analyses were also conducted. Study received ethical clearance from ethics committees.

Results
A total of 646 responses were analyzed. The average PCOS knowledge score was 11.58 ± 4.99 (overall), 12.02 ± 4.73 (medical students), 9.36 ± 5.65 (non-medical students) (α = 0.861). 68.6% participants did not feel embarrassed while discussing PCOS in the society, but 67.3% never discussed it with a doctor. Lack of self-knowledge (31.6%) and shyness/reluctance (21.4%) were identified as barriers by most students. Further, obesity, irregular menstrual periods, family history, hirsutism and contraceptive use were observed to be determinants for having PCOS (AOR > 2, p<0.05). The disease knowledge score was higher for participants studying in medical college (β = 0.184), having menstrual periods < 5 days (β = 0.125), and with a family history (β = 0.121) (p<0.05).

Conclusion
The disease knowledge among undergraduates was inadequate. However, there is greater acknowledgement of PCOS as a problem for Pakistani women and barriers have been identified in the study. Conducting awareness campaigns within academic institutions which include promoting disease education, arranging talks, distributing merchandise with disease awareness signage, would greatly help in raising awareness of the disease and lowering stigma and hesitancy.
Computer-based intervention for residents of domestic violence shelters with substance use: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Hailemariam Maji , Johnson Jennifer E. , Johnson Dawn M. , Sikorskii Alla , Zlotnick Caron 
Published: May 2023

Background
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem often associated with serious mental health and physical health implications. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the most common comorbidities among women with IPV, increasing risk of subsequent IPV.

Methods
The current study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a brief computerized intervention to reduce alcohol and drug use among women with IPV. Fifty women with recent IPV and alcohol and drug use risk were recruited from domestic violence shelters and randomized to the experimental computerized intervention or to an attention and time control condition. The primary outcome was percent heavy drinking or drug using days in 3 month increments over the 6 months after leaving the shelter. Receipt of substance use services and IPV severity were evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Results
The computerized intervention was feasible and acceptable, with high (n = 20, 80%) completion rates, engagement with the intervention, and satisfaction scores. As expected in this pilot trial, there were no significant differences between conditions in percent heavy drinking/drug using days or receipt of substance use services and large individual differences in outcomes. For example, receipt of substance use services decreased by a mean of 0.05 times/day from the baseline to the 6-month time period in the control condition (range -1.00 to +0.55) and increased by a mean of 0.06 times/day in the intervention condition (range -0.13 to +0.89). There were large decreases in IPV severity over time in both conditions, but directions of differences favored the control condition for IPV severity.

Conclusion
A computerized intervention to reduce the risk of alcohol/drug use and subsequent IPV is feasible and acceptable among residents of a domestic violence shelter. A fully powered trial is needed to conclusively evaluate outcomes.
Factors associated with the outcomes of a novel virtual reality therapy for military veterans with PTSD: Theory development using a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Hannigan Ben , van Deursen Robert , Barawi Kali , Kitchiner Neil , Bisson Jonathan I. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Multi-modular motion-assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation therapy (3MDR) is a new psychological intervention for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 3MDR is immersive, delivered in a virtual reality environment, and emphasises engagement, recollection and reprocessing.

Objective
Through a theory-driven examination of data relating to 10 out of 42 UK military veterans taking part in a trial of 3MDR, the principal objective was to explore the complex interrelationships between people, interventions and context and to investigate how factors within these domains interacted in specific outcome typologies.

Method
Quantitative and qualitative data relating to 10 trial participants were derived from: researcher-assessed and self-report clinical measures; interviews; physiological recordings; words describing thoughts and feelings during therapy; and subjective unit of distress scores. Using a convergent mixed methods approach, data were tabulated using a person, intervention and context model. Participant summaries were grouped into outcome typologies, followed by an analysis of data convergence and divergence within each and an interpretation of identified patterns.

Results
Three outcome response typologies were identified: dramatic improvement, moderate improvement and minimal improvement. Within the person domain, factors associated with outcomes included walking capacity, commitment and ability to complete therapy, and levels of subjective distress. Within the intervention domain, factors associated with outcomes related to image selection and use, therapeutic alliance and orientations towards the tailoring of sessions. Within the context domain, factors associated with outcomes included reactions to the therapy environment. The patterning of secondary outcomes broadly corresponded with primary outcomes within each typology. Alongside patterned data differentiating aspects of the person, intervention and context domains, within the three response typologies data also existed where no obvious patterning was detected.

Conclusions
The model developed here may have novel value in evaluating a range of personalised interventions, but further work is needed before confident assertions can be made of who is likely to benefit from 3MDR specifically.
Psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Spanish version of the psychological capital scale in Ecuadorian university students
Authors: López-Guerra Víctor , Ocampo-Vásquez Karina , Quinde Lucía , Guevara-Mora Sandra , Guerrero-Alcedo Jesus 
Published: May 2023

Background
Psychological capital (PsyCap) as a higher-order positive psychological resources (that include hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism, or the HERO within). This construct was widely described and evaluated in the workplace; however, there is little research in other contexts, such as education, due to the lack of validated and adapted instruments in Latin America. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Spanish version of the psychological capital scale in a large sample of Ecuadorian university students.

Methods
A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 1732 university students (mean age 20 years, SD = 2,29; 55% female) from the city of Loja—Ecuador were surveyed online using a cross-sectional design.

Results
The respecified second-order 4-factor model showed the best fit to the data (CMIN/DF = 7.99, CFI = .977, TLI = .970 NFI = .974, IFI = .980, AIC = 443.833, RMSEA = .064 [058, .070]), and such model remained invariant across sex, age and public and private institutions. The internal consistency was adequate, with Alpha and Omega coefficients for the total scale (α = .941, ω = .942) and its four factors: self-efficacy (α = .869, ω = .872), hope (α = .888, ω = .889), resilience (α = .774, ω = .785), and optimism (α = .840, ω = .840). Finally, the PsyCap and its dimensions correlated with academic engagement and satisfaction.

Conclusions
The psychological capital showed adequate psychometric properties in university students, and its use in this context is supported.
Burnout among neurologists caring for patients with cognitive disorders in Spain
Authors: Fortea Juan , García-Arcelay Elena , Garcia-Ribas Guillermo , Canal Neus , Maurino Jorge 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPhysician burnout has a negative impact on both physicians and patients. Limited information is available on professional burnout of neurologists. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of burnout among neurologists caring for patients with cognitive disorders and to identify associated factors.MethodsAn online, cross-sectional study was conducted in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Neurology. Neurologists involved in the care of patients with cognitive disorders answered a survey composed of demographic characteristics, professional background, clinical practice setting, and behavioral factors. Burnout was assessed using a single-item measure from the Physician Work Life Study. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between neurologists’ characteristics and burnout.ResultsA total of 188 neurologists answered the survey. The mean age (standard deviation-SD) was 40.6 (11.3) years and 52.7% were male. The majority of participants were general neurologists (60.6%) who attending a median of 20 patients with cognitive disorders (interquartile range 10.0–30.0) weekly. Thirty-nine participants (20.7%) reported burnout. Participants with burnout had greater experiences of regret associated with past clinical decisions than their counterparts (mean Regret Intensity Scale scores of 2.3 and 1.9, respectively; p = 0.003). Burnout was associated with non-academic practice (OR = 3.02 [95% CI 1.18, 7.73], p = 0.021) and care-related regret (OR = 2.53 [95% CI 1.13, 5.64], p = 0.023) in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsProfessional burnout was a common phenomenon among neurologists managing cognitive disorders. Identifying physician burnout and its associated factors may be critical for implementing preventive intervention strategies.