bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraocular injections of glaucoma medications
Authors: Negrete Francisco José Muñoz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe injection of slow release antiglaucoma drugs could be an alternative in order to guarantee the adherence to glaucoma medical treatment and to reduce the rate of progression.There are multiple possibilities. In this moments, only slow release bimatoprost injection in anterior chamber has been approved by FDA. The hypotensive effect could be maintained for 6 months. Similar studies with sustained release of another prostaglandine analogs, like latanoprost and travoprost, are undergoing.Another option is the iDose containing travoprost that is implanted in the trabecular meshwork. A phase III study is undergone.Another possibility under investigation is supraciliary, subconjunctival, intravitreous and intrascleral injection of different active products.In the next future, the injection of antiglaucoma drugs could have an important role in glaucoma medical treatment.
Inflammation in MGD
Authors: Versura Piera 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMeibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is thought to be the leading cause of dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial disorder in which inflammation plays a significant role in the progression and symptoms. Any dysfunction of the meibomian glands modifies the secreted meibum, and such quantitative and/or qualitative changes impair the ocular surface system in several ways, including triggering inflammation. According to the report presented by the DEWS MGD Workshop, the term meibomitis describes MGD associated with diffuse or focal inflammation of the meibomian glands, although inflammation is not always present. Meibomitis is an inflammatory form of MGD, which often coexists with ocular surface inflammation in conditions such as blepharokeratoconjunctivitis, ocular rosacea and flictenular keratitis. Obstructive MGD, the most commonly observed type of MGD, is considered a precursor of meibomitis.This presentation is focused onto evaluation and staging of inflammatory status in MGD either at the clinical level, in the laboratory setting, and emerging analytical techniques. In particular, the need to standardize the inflammatory panel is stressed, with the aim to stratify subjects by biomarkers with more accurate diagnostic accuracy.
Lid hygiene – Why and how
Authors: Messmer Elisabeth M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLid hygiene—including hot compresses and lid massage—remains one of the basic principles in the treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD). Lid hygiene can soften the meibum and facilitate its release from the meibomian glands. Patients with MGD regularly performing lid hygiene may experience partial or complete improvements of symptoms. However, only about 55% of patients typically comply with the recommended procedure. Therefore, professional lid hygiene executed by the ophthalmologist including microblepharoexfoliation, lid warming and expression of meibomian glands with forceps and/or automated thermodynamic therapy may assist patient and doctor in their common effort to treat MGD.
keratoconus: Past, present and future
Authors: Barraquer Rafael I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough corneal ectasias had been observed since antiquity and keratoconus eventually became a major indication for keratoplasty in the XX century, only after the introduction of corneal topography it was realized that its actual frequency (of a certain degree of) was much higher than previously suspected. Today keratoconus is recognized as a one of the major corneal degenerative diseases, with both familial (genetic) and environmental influences. It is one of the leading causes of corneal visual deficit, affecting significant portions of the population in multiple regions of the world. In the last decades, we have witnessed a revolution in this field, with increasingly sensitive and specific methods for its detection, as well as a wide spectrum of conservative management options ‐from corneal collagen crosslinking and topography‐guided laser corneal ablation to intracorneal ring segment implants and phakic intraocular lenses. While this has resulted in a reduction of the eyes requiring a corneal transplant, these have also become safer and more selective with the development of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty techniques. This presentation will review the evolution of the keratoconus and other corneal ectasia, from the concept to the recent progresses and what can be expected in the future regarding their diagnosis and management.
corneal transplantation ‐ when and how?
Authors: Seitz Berthold 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccording to the German Keratoplasty Registry 2020 out of a total of 9042 keratoplasties, 31.2% are performed as penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), 3.0% as deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and 65.8% as posterior lamellar keratoplasty (98.3% DMEK vs. 1.7% DSAEK). To avoid the feared increase of astigmatism after suture removal, we have performed ‘nonmechanical’ 193 nm excimer laser trephination in over 5000 eyes since 1989 in Erlangen and Homburg/Saar. This non‐contact method avoids distortion, and results in lower objective astigmatism, higher regularity of topography and better visual acuity than manual trephination. Few published results after suture removal do not justify the huge technical and financial effort of femtosecond laser application for PKPespecially not in keratoconus. DALK saves good host endothelium, reduces the risk of immune reactions and may achieve favourable visual results, if intraoperatively Descemet's membrane is bared. To avoid disadvantages for the patient in case of the necessity for „conversion “to PKP, we propagate „Excimer laser assisted DALK“. For pure endothelial decompensation without stromal scars, today DMEK is supposed to be first choice. However, we do encourage each DMEK surgeon to standardize the surgical step‐by‐step procedure, to minimize donor loss and/or technical deficits that may lead to early or late graft failure and repeat keratoplasty.
The role of microstructure on high‐temperature oxidation behavior of hafnium carbide
Authors: Scott Jonathan A. , He Xiaoqing , Lipke David W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicrostructure development of the products formed upon oxidation of hafnium carbide (HfCx, x = 0.65, 0.81, or 0.94) at 1300°C and 0.8 mbar oxygen pressure was investigated using Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. For all specimens a multilayered oxide scale was observed featuring an outermost porous hafnia layer and an interlayer adjacent to the parent carbide containing hafnia interspersed with carbon. The outermost hafnia features coarse pores presumably formed during initial stages of oxidation to allow rapidly evolving gaseous products to escape from the oxidation front. As the oxidation scale thickens, diffusional resistance results in slower oxidation rates and smaller quantities of gaseous products that are removed via networks of increasingly fine pores until the local oxygen partial pressure is sufficiently low to selectively oxidize the parent carbide. Electron microscopy studies suggest that the oxidation sequence at this stage begins with the transformation of parent carbide to an amorphous material having empirical formula HfO2Cx that subsequently phase separates into hafnia and carbon domains. Hafnia polymorphs in the phase‐separated region vary from cubic to monoclinic as grains coarsen from ca. 2–20 nm, respectively. Immediately adjacent to the phase‐separated region is carbon‐free mesoporous hafnia whose pore morphology is inherited from that of prior carbon domains. The average pore size and pore volume fraction observed in mesoporous hafnia are consistent with predictions from kinetic models that ascribe gaseous diffusion through a pore network as the rate determining step in oxidation behavior of hafnium carbide. These observations imply that high‐temperature oxidation behavior of hafnium carbide under the employed test conditions is linked to microstructure development via phase separation and coarsening behaviors of an initially formed amorphous HfO2Cx product.
Patient and family experience 2 years after necrotizing soft‐tissue infection: A longitudinal qualitative investigation
Authors: Egerod Ingrid , Knudsen Vibeke E. , Andersson Annette E. , Fagerdahl Ann‐Mari 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThe study aims were to provide a comprehensive description of the short‐ and long‐term experience of necrotizing soft‐tissue infections from the patient and family perspective. Further, to describe how unmet needs related to diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation are experienced. And finally, to present patient and family recommendations for improvements.DesignThe study had a longitudinal qualitative multi‐centre two‐country design.MethodsQualitative content analysis was applied to 87 semi‐structured interviews involving 50 participants from Denmark and Sweden. In most interviews, patient and family were interviewed separately. Data were collected in 2015–2018. This is the fifth and final paper reporting the study.FindingsAfter initial inductive coding, we constructed a matrix of four timepoints (pre‐admission, acute admission, after 6 months and after 2 years) describing physical, psychological and social responses and recommendations for improvement. We analysed deductively according to timepoints and predefined categories describing patient and family responses to life with necrotizing soft‐tissue infections. The study suggested that physical recovery was obtained before psychological recovery. The aftermath of job loss and lacking social services amplified the burden. Patients still recovering experienced lack of understanding from family, friends and professionals that failed to recognize the complexity of their suffering.ConclusionsHalf of the patients in our study reported making a full recovery while the remaining described issues still unresolved 2 years after intensive care unit discharge. Predisposing factors and symptoms align with other studies of critical illness. During the acute stage, patients receive state‐of‐the art treatment and care, but as time passes, rehabilitation becomes less available and less patient‐centred.ImpactThe study will increase nurses' understanding of patient and family suffering and complexity of long‐term survival of necrotizing soft‐tissue infections.Patient or Public ContributionFrom the planning stage of the study, we collaborated with a necrotizing soft‐tissue infection survivor.
Public risk perceptions, emotions and behaviours under a major epidemic: A structural equation model analysis
Authors: Wang Dandan , Zhang Aihua , Feng Xianqiong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the relationships between public risk perceptions, emotions and behaviours during a major epidemic.DesignExploratory cross‐sectional design.MethodsThe 701 subjects were surveyed using self‐administered questionnaires, including the General Information Questionnaire, Public Risk Perceptions Questionnaire, Public Emotions Questionnaire and Public Behaviours Questionnaire. The results were analysed using structural equation modelling, and mediated effects were probed at the same time.ResultsThe median of the total scores of the Public Risk Perceptions Questionnaire was 70, the median of the total scores of the Public Emotions Questionnaire was 65 and the median of the total scores of the Public Behaviours Questionnaire was 83.Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient ρ between public risk perceptions and emotions was 0.26 (p < 0.01); the correlation coefficient ρ between risk perceptions and behaviours was 0.36 (p < 0.01); and the correlation coefficient ρ between emotions and behaviours was 0.37 (p < 0.01). After many rounds of correction, the final model was established, the fit was good, and the results of the mediating effect analysis showed that the level of public risk perceptions under a major epidemic had a direct positive effect on public emotions (β = 0.41, p < 0.01) and public behaviours (β = 0.51, p < 0.01). The level of public risk perceptions also had an indirect positive effect on behaviours by affecting public emotions (β = 0.11), while public emotions had a direct positive effect on public behaviours (β = 0.27, p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur findings revealed that public perceptions and public emotions directly influenced public behaviours. Additionally, public perceptions can indirectly influence public behaviours through public emotions.
Follistatin is a crucial chemoattractant for mouse decidualized endometrial stromal cell migration by JNK signalling
Authors: Liu Guole , Qi Yan , Wu Jiandong , Lin Francis , Liu Zhonghui , Cui Xueling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFollistatin (FST) and activin A as gonadal proteins exhibit opposite effects on follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) release from pituitary gland, and activin A‐FST system is involved in regulation of decidualization in reproductive biology. However, the roles of FST and activin A in migration of decidualized endometrial stromal cells are not well characterized. In this study, transwell chambers and microfluidic devices were used to assess the effects of FST and activin A on migration of decidualized mouse endometrial stromal cells (d‐MESCs). We found that compared with activin A, FST exerted more significant effects on adhesion, wound healing and migration of d‐MESCs. Similar results were also seen in the primary cultured decidual stromal cells (DSCs) from uterus of pregnant mouse. Simultaneously, the results revealed that FST increased calcium influx and upregulated the expression levels of the migration‐related proteins MMP9 and Ezrin in d‐MESCs. In addition, FST increased the level of phosphorylation of JNK in d‐MESCs, and JNK inhibitor AS601245 significantly attenuated FST action on inducing migration of d‐MESCs. These data suggest that FST, not activin A in activin A‐FST system, is a crucial chemoattractant for migration of d‐MESCs by JNK signalling to facilitate the successful uterine decidualization and tissue remodelling during pregnancy.
A novel idea to increase the performance of a wheat flour cyclone separator: Controlling the reverse flow
Authors: Aghaei Ehsan , Rostampour Vahid , Rezvanivand Fanaei Adel , Nikbakht Ali M. , Gimbun Jolius 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, as a novelty, the reverse flow effect on a wheat flour cyclone performance was evaluated. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was realized using a Reynolds stress turbulence model. Also, particle–air interactions were modeled applying a discrete phase model. Besides the experimental measurement, the numerical simulation was conducted in a main (without reverse flow) and six various reverse flow levels (I = 0.0385 m3 s−1, II = 0.0396 m3 s−1, III = 0.0484 m3 s−1, IV = 0.0583 m3 s−1, V = 0.0704 m3 s−1, and VI = 0.0836 m3 s−1) by CFD. The validation between pressure drop in experimental data and numerical results revealed a good agreement with a maximum deviation of 8.2%. Cyclone performance including pressure drop and separation efficiency was assessed in the mentioned reverse flow levels. Moreover, velocity field, centrifugal force, and turbulence parameter were evaluated, comprehensively. It was found that the flour separation efficiency increased with enhancing the reverse flow level to IV = 0.0583 m3 s−1, but decreased with a sharp slope in the reverse levels of V = 0.0704 m3 s−1 and VI = 0.0836 m3 s−1.Practical ApplicationsCyclone separators are widely used in various industries such as flour and cement. The various parameters of cyclones in a food processing unit effectively affect cyclone efficiency. Therefore, an innovative method for increasing cyclone performance is presented in this study. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for simulation of the food processing phenomenon. Validation could be guaranteed by the usage of numerical results that are obtained from CFD simulations. The innovative methods can play a key role in decreasing energy usage by reducing the pressure drop and enhancing separation efficiency.
The relationship between exposure to Hurricane Harvey and mortality among nursing home residents
Authors: Hua Cassandra L. , Patel Sweta , Thomas Kali S. , Peterson Lindsay J. , Andel Ross , Gordon Lily , Jester Dylan J. , Dosa David M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNursing home (NH) residents are vulnerable to mortality after natural disasters. We examined NH residents' excess all‐cause mortality associated with Hurricane Harvey, a unique disaster with long‐lasting flooding effects. We also explored how mortality differed between short‐stay and long‐stay residents and by chronic conditions.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of Texas NH residents, comparing 30‐ and 90‐day mortality among residents exposed to Hurricane Harvey in August 2017 to residents not exposed in the same location and time period during the previous 2 years. Data came from the Minimum Data Set Assessments and the Medicare Beneficiary Summary File. We used linear probability models to examine the association between hurricane exposure and mortality, adjusting for resident demographics, clinical acuity, and NH fixed effects. Models were stratified by short‐stay and long‐stay status. We also described differences in mortality by residents' chronic conditions.ResultsIn 2017, 18,479 Texas NH residents were exposed to Hurricane Harvey. Exposure to Hurricane Harvey was not significantly associated with 30‐day mortality. However, 7.6% (95% CI: 7.2, 7.9) of long‐stay residents died 90 days after exposure to Harvey, compared to 6.3% (95% CI: 6.0, 6.7) during 2015. Apparently, this effect was driven by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as approximately 9.2% of these residents died within 90 days after Harvey landing compared to 7.2% in 2015 (p < 0.01).ConclusionsHurricane exposure appears to have significant consequences for mortality among long‐stay NH residents, which appear to materialize over the long‐term (90 days post‐hurricane in our study) and may not be apparent immediately (30 days post‐hurricane in our study). NH residents with COPD may be particularly vulnerable to increased mortality risk following hurricane exposure. The results highlight the need to pay special attention to mortality risk in NH residents, particularly those with COPD, following hurricane exposure.
Intervention strategies for white noise alleviating procedural pain in newborns: A systematic review
Authors: Ye Xian , Chen Jun‐Qing , Zhu Ling‐Li , Chui Lin‐Bo , Xu Hong‐Zhen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the current intervention strategies of white noise alleviating procedural pain in newborns.MethodsThis review was conducted following the PRISMA guideline. Seventeen databases National Guideline Clearinghouse, up to date, Clinical Evidence, BMJ best practice, Cochrane library, OVID, PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CHINHAL, Medlive, China Biology Medicine disc, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform were employed, and the studies about pain‐relieving with white noise in newborns published before June 2022 was included. Quality of studies was evaluated by using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Results18 studies were included, with sample sizes ranging from 32–296 cases. Intervention indices included duration, distance, volume, music type and outcome measure. Duration varies from study to study, from 5 min before to 5 min after the procedures. The distance was controlled at 10–60 cm, volume was controlled at 45–60 dB and music type was selected from Orhan Osman's album “Kolic” in most studies. Outcome measures included physiological indicators, neurophysiological indicators, behavioural indicators and pain score. Differences in duration leading to different white noise effects was found, but no studies have shown whether there is an effect of different volume, distance or music type.ConclusionsBased on this review, we recommend the following intervention strategies: the duration is set from 1 min before to 3 min after the procedures, the distance is decided according to the actual clinical situation, the volume is controlled at 45–55 dB (55 dB is optimal), the music type is selected to simulate intrauterine sounds, and outcome measures can choose physiological indicators, neurophysiological indictors, behavioural indicators and pain score depending on specific department and population. It is important to further explore the best intervention strategies.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIn addition to providing a set of intervention strategies, this review could be used as evidence for relieving procedural pain in newborns.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.Data were obtained from others' literature.
Dynamic hippocampal functional connectivity responses to varying working memory loads following total sleep deprivation
Authors: Wang Letong , Wu Haijing , Dai Cimin , Peng Ziyi , Song Tao , Xu Lin , Xu Mengmeng , Shao Yongcong , Li Shijun , Fu Weiwei 
Published: December 2022

SummarySleep loss with work overload can impact human cognitive performance. However, the brain's response to an increased working memory load following total sleep deprivation (TSD) remains unclear. In the present study, we focussed on the dynamic response of the hippocampus to increased working memory load before and after total sleep deprivation of 36 h. A total of 16 male participants completed a verbal working memory task under functional magnetic resonance imaging. After whole‐brain activation analysis and region of interest analysis of the hippocampus, the generalised form of context‐dependent psychophysiological interactions (gPPI) was used to analyse the hippocampal functional connectivity with the whole brain. The results revealed that as the working memory load increased within a small range, from 0‐back to 1‐back task, the left hippocampal functional connectivity decreased with the left supplementary motor area, left pars opercularis, left rolandic operculum, right superior frontal gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, and left middle cingulate cortex following total sleep deprivation compared with that observed in resting wakefulness. When the working memory load further increased from 1‐back to 2‐back task, the connectivity increased between the left hippocampus and the left superior parietal lobule as well as between the left hippocampus and right lingual gyrus after total sleep deprivation compared with that observed in resting wakefulness. Moreover, the left hippocampus gPPI effect on the left middle cingulate cortex and left superior parietal lobule could predict the behavioural test accuracy in 1‐back and 2‐back task, respectively, following total sleep deprivation. These findings indicated that increased working memory load after total sleep deprivation disrupts working memory processes. The brain reacts to these disruptions in a dynamic and flexible manner, involving not only brain activation but also hippocampus‐related functional network connections.