bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar Image Retrieval using Autoencoder. I. Automatic Morphology Classification of Galaxies
Authors: Seo Eunsuk , Kim Suk , Lee Youngdae , Han Sang-Il , Kim Hak-Sub , Rey Soo-Chang , Song Hyunmi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present the construction of an image similarity retrieval engine for the morphological classification of galaxies using the Convolutional AutoEncoder (CAE). The CAE is trained on 90,370 preprocessed Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy images listed in the Galaxy Zoo 2 (GZ2) catalog. The visually similar output images returned by the trained CAE suggest that the encoder efficiently compresses input images into latent features, which are then used to calculate similarity parameters. Our Tool for Searching a similar Galaxy Image based on a Convolutional Autoencoder using Similarity (TSGICAS) leverages this similarity parameter to classify galaxies’ morphological types, enabling the identification of a wider range of classes with high accuracy compared to traditional supervised ML techniques. This approach streamlines the researcher’s work by allowing quick prioritization of the most relevant images from the latent feature database. We investigate the accuracy of our automatic morphological classifications using three galaxy catalogs: GZ2, Extraction de Formes Idéalisées de Galaxies en Imagerie (EFIGI), and Nair & Abraham (NA10). The correlation coefficients between the morphological types of input and retrieved galaxy images were found to be 0.735, 0.811, and 0.815 for GZ2, EFIGI, and NA10 catalogs, respectively. Despite differences in morphology tags between input and retrieved galaxy images, visual inspection showed that the two galaxies were very similar, highlighting TSGICAS’s superior performance in image similarity search. We propose that morphological classifications of galaxies using TSGICAS are fast and efficient, making it a valuable tool for detailed galaxy morphological classifications in other imaging surveys.
Effect of zeolite–sponge iron combined substrate on microbial community in ecological floating bed
Authors: Meng Ting , Cheng Wen , Ren Jiehui , Wang Min 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Substrate has been proven to be a useful way to enhance the purification effect of ecological floating bed (EFB), and it also affected the microbial community. While at cold temperature, there was a lack of research on the effect of substrates on plant growth and microbial communities. In this study, three EFBs, namely plant EFB (EFB-P), substrate EFB (EFB-S) and plant–substrate EFB (EFB-PS), were constructed. The effects of zeolite–sponge iron combined substrate on pollutant removal, plant growth and microbial community in the EFBs were investigated at low temperature (3.1 ∼ 11.7 °C). Results showed that the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen by EFB-PS (60.35%, 95.09% and 64.43%) was significantly better than that of EFB-P (47.71%, 88.59% and 51.65%), but the relative growth of the aboveground biomass of plants (50.41%) was less than that of EFB-P (81.16%). In addition, the microbial biomass in EFB-PS (69.14 mg/(g DW·day)) and EFB-S (68.76 mg/(g DW·day)) was much larger than that in EFB-P (50.69 mg/(g DW·day)). High-throughput sequencing showed that the microbial diversity (Shannon (6.06 ∼ 8.33) and Simpson (0.88 ∼ 0.97)) and richness (Chao1 (1621.7 ∼ 2556.2) and Observed _ species (1437 ∼ 2423.3)) of EFB with adding zeolite–sponge iron combined substrate were also higher than those of EFB-P. In addition, the addition of combined substrates changed the microbial community structure, some genera with denitrification and nitrogen fixation functions, including Rhodobacter (36.03 ∼ 48.59%), Hydrogenopha (2.21 ∼ 5.89%), were abundantly enriched in the EFB with adding zeolite-sponge iron combined substrate. These results improved the effects of substrate low temperature operation on plant growth and microbial characteristics in EFB, and provide a theoretical basis for strengthening the operation of the low temperature conditions of the EFB.
Entropy of microcanonical finite-graph ensembles
Authors: Kawamoto Tatsuro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The entropy of random graph ensembles has gained widespread attention in the field of graph theory and network science. We consider microcanonical ensembles of simple graphs with prescribed degree sequences. We demonstrate that the mean-field approximations of the generating function using the Chebyshev–Hermite polynomials provide estimates for the entropy of finite-graph ensembles. Our estimate reproduces the Bender–Canfield formula in the limit of large graphs.
On the evaluation of field emission parameters of V2O5 and TiO2 nanostructure cathodes
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Jitendra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The self-assembled V2O5 and TiO2 nanowires are prepared hydrothermally from vanadium (V) hydroxylamido complex and titanium oxide powder, respectively, and studied for their crystalline phase, morphology, and electron emission characteristics. V2O5 is shown to exhibit an orthorhombic phase with preferential growth of the (010) face along the [010] direction; wire size being diameter 100–400 nm, and length several micrometers. TiO2 nanowires depict a monoclinic β-phase with a typical diameter of ∼ 30 nm. Their bundles serve as potential cathodes giving electron emission following the Fowler–Nordheim (F-N) mechanism but from infinitely small areas with large field enhancement factors. In comparison, β-TiO2 provides better emission characteristics at similar operating parameters (e.g., low threshold voltage 250–400 V and current density 109−1013 A m−2). The unique properties (viz., tip geometry, roughness, and local field enhancement) of one-dimension (1D) nanowires make them prospective candidates for high-brightness electron sources and development of the display devices [1–7]. A simple procedure developed by the authors is applied successfully in actual evaluation of the field emission parameters from the current–voltage data. This involves F-N formulation with physical considerations like variation of work function, effective emission area, and field enhancement factor [31].
Sex-specific effects of psychoactive pollution on behavioral individuality and plasticity in fish
Authors: Polverino Giovanni , Aich Upama , Brand Jack A , Bertram Michael G , Martin Jake M , Tan Hung , Soman Vrishin R , Mason Rachel T , Wong Bob B M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The global rise of pharmaceutical contaminants in the aquatic environment poses a serious threat to ecological and evolutionary processes. Studies have traditionally focused on the collateral (average) effects of psychoactive pollutants on ecologically relevant behaviors of wildlife, often neglecting effects among and within individuals, and whether they differ between males and females. We tested whether psychoactive pollutants have sex-specific effects on behavioral individuality and plasticity in guppies (Poecilia reticulata), a freshwater species that inhabits contaminated waterways in the wild. Fish were exposed to fluoxetine (Prozac) for 2 years across multiple generations before their activity and stress-related behavior were repeatedly assayed. Using a Bayesian statistical approach that partitions the effects among and within individuals, we found that males—but not females—in fluoxetine-exposed populations differed less from each other in their behavior (lower behavioral individuality) than unexposed males. In sharp contrast, effects on behavioral plasticity were observed in females—but not in males—whereby exposure to even low levels of fluoxetine resulted in a substantial decrease (activity) and increase (freezing behavior) in the behavioral plasticity of females. Our evidence reveals that psychoactive pollution has sex-specific effects on the individual behavior of fish, suggesting that males and females might not be equally vulnerable to global pollutants.
Comprehensive assessment of the management of acute cholecystitis in Scotland: population-wide cohort study
Authors: Bekheit Mohamed , Rajan Sendhil , Wohlgemut Jared M , Watson Angus J M , Ramsay George 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common diagnoses presenting to emergency general surgery and is managed either operatively or conservatively. However, operative rates vary widely across the world. This real-world population analysis aimed to describe the current clinical management and outcomes of patients with acute cholecystitis across Scotland, UK.

Methods
This was a national cohort study using data obtained from Information Services Division, Scotland. All adult patients with the admission diagnostic code for acute cholecystitis were included. Data were used to identify all patients admitted to Scottish hospitals between 1997 and 2019 and outcomes tracked for inpatients or after discharge through the unique patient identifier. This was linked to death data, including date of death.

Results
A total of 47 558 patients were diagnosed with 58 824 episodes of acute cholecystitis (with 27.2 per cent of patients experiencing more than one episode) in 46 Scottish hospitals. Median age was 58 years (interquartile range (i.q.r.) 43–71), 64.4 per cent were female, and most (76.1 per cent) had no comorbidities. A total of 28 741 (60.4 per cent) patients had an operative intervention during the index admission. Patients who had an operation during their index admission had a lower risk of 90-day mortality compared with non-operative management (OR 0.62, 95% c.i. 0.55–0.70).

Conclusion
In this study, 60 per cent of patients had an index cholecystectomy. Patients who underwent surgery had a better survival rate compared with those managed conservatively, further advocating for an operative approach in this cohort.
‘Social Justice Practice’ in Social Work Under Political Challenge—Case in Hong Kong
Authors: Ngai Tsz Chung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Social justice is a core element of the social work profession. As Hong Kong has undergone a significant socio-political transformation, how social workers in Hong Kong cope with the challenges in practising social justice is a worthy case to explore. To explore how social workers approach social justice in this changing environment, this study conducted in-depth interviews with six social workers with different understandings of social justice and governance. Thematic analysis guided our analysis of the interviews, revealing the challenges and difficulties in social justice practice, social justice practice under the challenges and the unsolved vexation of the social workers.
Volunteering for Infection: Participant Perspectives on a Hepatitis C Virus Controlled Human Infection Model
Authors: Eberts Jake D , Zimmer-Harwood Paul , Elsey James W B , Fraser-Urquhart Alastair , Smiley Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ethical human subjects research requires participants to be treated safely and respectfully, yet much bioethical debate takes place without participants. We aim to address this gap in the context of controlled human infection model (CHIM) research. Based upon our own experience as study participants, and bolstered by a survey of 117 potential hepatitis C virus CHIM participants, we present ideas to inform efficient, ethical, and scientifically useful study design. We advocate for full protocol transparency, higher compensation, commitment to the rapid dissemination of study results, and proactive efforts to detail risk-minimization efforts as early as possible in the recruitment process, among other measures. We encourage researchers to proactively partner with volunteer advocacy organizations that promote collective representation of volunteers to maximize their agency, and guard against ethical issues arising from healthy human subjects research.
Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus and in Noncirrhosis Chronic Hepatitis C Patients With Sustained Virological Response: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hsu Christine C , Gopalakrishna Harish , Mironova Maria , Lee Mei-Hsuan , Chen Chien-Jen , Yang Hwai-I , Wiese Manfred , Chang Kyong-Mi , Wright Elizabeth C , Abijo Tomilowo , Feld Jordan J , Kaplan David E 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a hepatitis C virus (HCV)–controlled human infection model (CHIM), healthy volunteers are inoculated with HCV and then treated. Residual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk after viral clearance is an important consideration when evaluating the CHIM. We estimate HCC risk in spontaneously cleared HCV and in noncirrhosis after sustained virological response (SVR) to HCV treatment in a systematic review and using data from 3 cohorts: German anti-D, Taiwan, and US Veterans Affairs (VA). For noncirrhosis SVR, the overall HCC rate is 0.33 per 100 patient-years in meta-analysis. HCC rates for the German, Taiwan, and US Veterans Affairs cohorts are 0, 0.14, and 0.02 per 100 patient-years, respectively. Past hepatitis B virus exposure was not accounted for in the Taiwan cohort, while VA patients were likely tested based on liver disease/risk factors, which may confound HCC outcomes. The German cohort with no HCC after 44 years is most comparable to the CHIM participants. Although it is difficult to precisely estimate HCC risk from an HCV CHIM, the data suggest the risk to be very low or negligible.
Heterotopic caval valve-in-valve procedure for prosthetic migration: two case reports
Authors: Grazina André , Ferreira André , Ramos Ruben , Cacela Duarte 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Heterotopic bicaval stenting or caval valve implantation (CAVI) either with non-dedicated balloon-expandable Sapien™ valves (Edwards Lifesciences) or with dedicated TricValve™ (Products + Features) has emerged as a safe and effective percutaneous treatment for high-risk patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). One technical difficulty of CAVI is the lack of native calcified structures to anchor the device, which may lead to paravalvular leak or migration.

Cases summary
We describe two patients with severe TR and high surgical risk who underwent CAVI procedures, both of them complicated with device migration to the right atrium (one inferior vena cava device and one superior vena cava device). Both cases were treated with a caval valve-in-valve procedure, with good technical and clinical results.

Discussion
With the recent development of several percutaneous interventions for high-risk patients with severe TR, the rate of some possible complications is not well established, and neither are the better managing strategies. Device embolization is a rare complication of transcatheter heart interventions but with potential catastrophic consequences. Less invasive strategies such as the valve-in-valve procedure may be preferable in order to avoid the exposure of these patients to complex heart surgeries with extracorporeal circulation.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus European Laboratory Network 2022 Survey: Need for Harmonization and Enhanced Molecular Surveillance
Authors: Presser Lance D , van den Akker Willem M R , Meijer Adam ,   PROMISE Investigators, Aerssens Jeroen , Ispas Gabriela , Ahani Bahar , Atwell Jessica , Begier Elizabeth , Htar Tin , Bangert Mathieu , Kramer Rolf , Vernhes Charlotte , Beutels Philippe , Bont Louis , Campbell Harry , Nair Harish , Li You , Osei-Yeboah Richard , Wang Xin , Cohen Rachel , Dos Santos Gael , Last Theo , Kumar Veena , Machin Nuria , Nohynek Hanna , Openshaw Peter , Paget John , Pollard Andrew , Teirlinck Anne 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen causing mostly cold-like symptoms, but in very young infants and elderly individuals it can lead to severe disease and even death. There are currently promising developments both in vaccine development and in therapeutics that are expected to be approved soon. To get an impression within European countries of the laboratory diagnostics and surveillance activities, in anticipation of these developments, we queried the members of the European Respiratory Syncytial Virus Laboratory Network (RSV-LabNet, under the umbrella of the PROMISE project) via an online survey. The answers from the consortium members showed scattered monitoring and the application of a broad array of techniques in the laboratories. A majority of the members expressed strong interest in harmonization and collaboration for setting up surveillance programs and the need for sharing laboratory protocols. The additional value of RSV whole-genome sequencing is broadly appreciated, but implementation requires further development and closer collaboration. The RSV-LabNet can have an important responsibility in establishing contacts and exchange of expertise and providing a platform for communication to advance diagnostics, preparedness, and surveillance.
Stability of temocillin in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: is it a real option?
Authors: Fernández-Rubio Beatriz , Herrera-Hidalgo Laura , López-Cortés Luis E , Luque-Márquez Rafael , De Alarcón Arístides , Luque-Pardos Sonia , Fernández-Polo Aurora , Gutiérrez-Urbón José María , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Gil-Navarro María Victoria , Gutiérrez-Valencia Alicia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Temocillin is an interesting alternative to carbapenems for susceptible Enterobacteriaceae. Although its use in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programmes has generated interest, this has been hampered by the lack of stability data.

Objectives
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the physical and chemical stability of temocillin at the recommended dose for its use in OPAT programmes, contained in polypropylene infusion bags or polyisoprene elastomeric devices at different temperatures, and to describe a novel LC-MS/MS developed for the quantification of temocillin.

Methods
Temocillin daily dose (6 g) was diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride to obtain a final concentration of 12 g/L. This solution was stored at 4°C, 25°C, 32°C and 37°C for 72 h, both in polypropylene infusion bags and in polyisoprene elastomeric pumps. Physical and chemical stability were evaluated during 72 h after manufacturing. Solutions were considered stable if colour, clearness and pH remained unchanged and if the percentage of intact drug was ≥90%.

Results
Temocillin attained the chemical stability criterion of ≥90% of the original concentration for the whole experiment in both devices at 4°C, 25°C and 32°C. At 37°C, temocillin was stable for 24 h but its concentration dropped below 90% from that timepoint. No precipitation occurred and minor colour changes were observed.

Conclusions
Temocillin is stable under OPAT conditions and it would be an appropriate candidate for the treatment of patients who can be discharged to complete therapy in an OPAT programme. For this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed.
Diversity of mitochondrial DNA in 3 species of great whales before and after modern whaling
Authors: Sremba Angela L , Martin Anthony R , Wilson Peter , Cypriano-Souza Ana Lúcia , Buss Danielle L , Hart Tom , Engel Marcia H , Bonatto Sandro L , Rosenbaum Howard , Collins Tim , Olavarría Carlos , Archer Frederick I , Steel Debbie , Jackson Jennifer A , Baker C Scott 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The 20th century commercial whaling industry severely reduced populations of great whales throughout the Southern Hemisphere. The effect of this exploitation on genetic diversity and population structure remains largely undescribed. Here, we compare pre- and post-whaling diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences for 3 great whales in the South Atlantic, such as the blue, humpback, and fin whale. Pre-whaling diversity is described from mtDNA extracted from bones collected near abandoned whaling stations, primarily from the South Atlantic island of South Georgia. These bones are known to represent the first stage of 20th century whaling and thus pre-whaling diversity of these populations. Post-whaling diversity is described from previously published studies reporting large-scale sampling of living whales in the Southern Hemisphere. Despite relatively high levels of surviving genetic diversity in the post-whaling populations, we found evidence of a probable loss of mtDNA lineages in all 3 species. This is evidenced by the detection of a large number of haplotypes found in the pre-whaling samples that are not present in the post-whaling samples. A rarefaction analysis further supports a loss of haplotypes in the South Atlantic humpback and Antarctic blue whale populations. The bones from former whaling stations in the South Atlantic represent a remarkable molecular archive for further investigation of the decline and ongoing recovery in the great whales of the Southern Hemisphere.
“What If?”: Caregivers’ Experiences Following Early Childhood Concussion
Authors: Dupont Dominique , Larivière-Bastien Danaë , Caron Jeffrey G , Beaudoin Cindy , Gravel Jocelyn , Gagnon Isabelle , Burstein Brett , Beaudin Myriam , Rose Sean C , Yeates Keith O , Beauchamp Miriam H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Little is known about the symptoms, signs, and management guidelines for children under the age of 6 years after they sustain a concussion. Caregivers of such young children may have unique concerns and encounter different challenges from those of school-age children given the distinctive developmental characteristics of the early childhood period. This study aimed to explore the experience of caregivers through semistructured interviews to inform clinical practice.

Methods
Fifty caregivers of children aged 6 months to 5.99 years were interviewed 3 months postinjury for this qualitative study to document their experience in relation to their child’s accident, recovery, and healthcare provisions.

Results
Four main themes were identified: (1) visible changes associated with caregiver concerns, (2) a roller-coaster of emotions after the injury, (3) healthcare providers’ role in addressing the need for reassurance, and (4) the need for better information after the injury.

Conclusion
The findings provide critical insight into the unique experiences and information needs of caregivers of young children who sustain concussion. The challenges identified can inform healthcare professionals regarding the needs of caregivers after early concussion and contribute to building a knowledge base for the development of age-appropriate anticipatory guidance for caregiver mental health and child recovery.
SMALLER TRICHOMES WITH VARIABLE BRANCHES (SVB) and its homolog SVBL act downstream of transcription factor NAC089 and function redundantly in Arabidopsis unfolded protein response
Authors: Yu Chao-Yuan , Nakamura Yuki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular mechanism that alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress to maintain protein homeostasis. Although SMALLER TRICHOMES WITH VARIABLE BRANCHES (SVB) is characterized as an emerging UPR factor downstream of the IRE–bZIP60 pathway, whether its homologs participate in the plant UPR remains unknown. Here, we showed that an SVB homolog, SVB-like (SVBL), functions redundantly with SVB in endoplasmic reticulum stress tolerance. The svb-1 svbl-1 double mutant showed a hypersensitivity phenotype and had higher UPR gene expression under endoplasmic reticulum stress than single mutants and the wild type. SVB responded to endoplasmic reticulum stress by accumulating in the root epidermis and phloem cells, but SVBL did not. Ectopic expression of the UPR factor NAC089 up-regulated both SVB and SVBL genes, suggesting that SVB and SVBL work downstream of NAC089. Thus, SVB and SVBL play distinct roles that are modulated by the common upstream regulator NAC089 to cope with endoplasmic reticulum stress in Arabidopsis.