bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Racial Concordance on Patient Trust in Online Videos About Prostate Cancer
Authors: Loeb Stacy , Ravenell Joseph E. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Borno Hala T. , Siu Katherine , Sanchez Nolasco Tatiana , Byrne Nataliya , Wilson Godfrey , Griffith Derek M. , Crocker Rob , Sherman Robert , Washington Samuel L. , Langford Aisha T. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceBlack men have a higher risk of prostate cancer compared with White men, but Black adults are underrepresented in online content about prostate cancer. Across racial groups, the internet is a popular source of health information; Black adults are more likely to trust online health information, yet have more medical mistrust than White adults.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between racial representation in online content about prostate cancer and trust in the content and identify factors that influence trust.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA randomized clinical trial was conducted from August 18, 2021, to January 7, 2022, consisting of a 1-time online survey. Participants included US men and women aged 40 years and older. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to June 2023.InterventionsParticipants were randomized to watch the same video script about either prostate cancer screening or clinical trials presented by 1 of 4 speakers: a Black physician, a Black patient, a White physician, or a White patient, followed by a questionnaire.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a published scale for trust in the information. χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to compare trust according to the video’s speaker and topic.ResultsAmong 2904 participants, 1801 (62%) were men, and the median (IQR) age was 59 (47-69) years. Among 1703 Black adults, a greater proportion had high trust in videos with Black speakers vs White speakers (72.7% vs 64.3%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.28-2.05; P &amp;lt; .001); less trust with patient vs physician presenter (64.6% vs 72.5%; aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.49-0.80; P &amp;lt; .001) and about clinical trials vs screening (66.3% vs 70.7%; aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.99; P = .04). Among White adults, a lower proportion had high trust in videos featuring a patient vs physician (72.0% vs 78.6%; aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.95; P = .02) and clinical trials vs screening (71.4% vs 79.1%; aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42-0.76; P &amp;lt; .001), but no difference for Black vs White presenters (76.8% vs 73.7%; aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.83-1.48; P = .49).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, prostate cancer information was considered more trustworthy when delivered by a physician, but racial concordance was significantly associated with trust only among Black adults. These results highlight the importance of physician participation and increasing racial diversity in public dissemination of health information and an ongoing need for public education about clinical trials.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05886751
Orange‐red luminescence of samarium‐doped bismuth–germanium–borate glass for light‐emitting devices
Authors: V. S. Bhagavan Netheti , Ravanamma R. , Krishnaiah Kummara Venkata , Ravi N. , Kagola Upendra Kumar , Kesavulu C. R. , Saranya P. L. , Venkatramu V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSamarium (Sm3+)‐doped glass has sparked a rising interest in demonstrating a noticeable emission in the range of 400–700, which is advantageous in solid‐state lasers in the visible region, colour displays, undersea communication, and optical memory devices. This study reports the fabrication of Sm3+‐doped bismuth–germanium–borate glasses were established using a standard melt‐quenching technique and inspection by absorption, steady‐state luminescence, and transient studies. The typical peaks of Sm3+ ions were detected in the visible range under 403 nm excitation. A strong emission band was detected at 599 nm that resembles the 4G5/2→6H7/2 transition of Sm3+ ions for BGBiNYSm0.5 glass. Furthermore, a reddish‐orange (coral) luminescence at 646 nm that resembles the 4G5/2→6H9/2 transition was also perceived. The stimulated emission cross‐section of 4G5/2 level for BGBiNYSm0.5 glass was 0.39 × 10−22 cm2. Lifetime of the 4G5/2 level was enhanced for the BGBiNYSm0.5 glass and decreased with an increase in active ion concentrations. The lifetime quenching of ions at the metastable state was because of energy transfer among Sm3+ ions by cross‐relaxation channels. Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates were evaluated from the emission spectra. Moreover, all the findings recommend these glass as light‐emitting materials in the coral region at 599 nm for solid‐state lighting applications.
Recent Advances in Borylation via Electron Donor–Acceptor Complex Photoactivation
Authors: Hu Guanwen , Wang Zhiyong , Wang Xinmou , Quan Yangjian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotoinduced borylation is becoming a fascinating and growing research field in synthetic chemistry. On the other hand, electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex photoactivation has emerged as an alternative strategy to generate active open‐shell species without the need for photosensitizers. Suitable organoboron compounds can serve as the electron donor or acceptor to form the corresponding electron donor–acceptor complexes, which then undergo photoinduced intracomplex single electron transfer (SET) to generate carbon‐ or boron‐centered radicals for the construction of new C−B bonds. In this Concept paper, we review recent advances in photoinduced borylation via the EDA complex photoactivation strategy surveying the relevant literature until December 2022.
Comparative proteomic analysis of regenerative acellular matrices: The effects of tissue source and processing method
Authors: Wang Huidan , Sun Wendell Q. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcellular tissue matrices are used in regenerative medicine from weak tissue re‐enforcement to cosmetic augmentation. However, proteomic signatures leading to different clinical outcomes among matrices are not well understood. In an attempt to investigate the effects of tissue source and processing method, we examined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) the proteomic profiles of 12 regulatory agency‐approved acellular matrices (AlloMax, AlloDerm, CollaMend, Heal‐All, JayyaLife, ReGen, Renov, Strattice, SurgiMend, Surgisis, UniTrump and Vidasis). The compositions of acellular matrices varied greatly with the number of identified proteins ranging from 7 to 106. The content of individual proteins was between 0.0001% and 95.8% according to their abundances measured by the M/Z signal intensities. Most acellular matrices still contained numerous cellular proteins. AlloMax, AlloDerm, ReGen, Strattice, SurgiMend and Surgisis retained necessary structural and functional proteins to form the extracellular protein–protein interaction networks for cell adhesion, proliferation and tissue regeneration, whereas CollaMend, Heal‐All, JayyaLife, Renov, UniTrump and Vidasis had only retained certain structural collagens. Principal component analysis showed that proteomic variations among acellular matrices were largely attributed to tissue source and processing method. Differences in proteomic profiles among acellular matrices offers insights into molecular interpretation for different clinical outcomes, and can serve as useful references for rational design of regenerative bio‐scaffolds.
Implementation and Outcomes of ERAS Protocol for Major Oncologic Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Murr Alexander T. , Sweeney Craig , Lenze Nicholas R. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Hackman Trevor G. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been developed and successfully implemented for many surgical specialties, demonstrating reductions in length of stay, post‐operative complications, and resource utilization. Currently, there are few documented applications of ERAS protocols in head and neck surgery. Additional description of head and neck surgery protocol design, implementation, and outcomes will help advance postoperative care.MethodsAn ERAS protocol was designed for patients undergoing glossectomy and primary or salvage laryngectomy with or without free flap reconstruction. Following successful protocol implementation, patient outcomes and perioperative metrics were retrospectively reviewed and compared between patients prior to and following the ERAS protocol.ResultsGlobal comparison of ERAS and control group did not show statistically significant differences in measured perioperative outcomes. There were no statistically significant differences between the ERAS and control groups in age, sex, BMI, surgery type, or cancer stage. The ERAS protocol was associated with reduced variability in hospital length of stay (LOS), demonstrated through tighter interquartile ranges. For patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy, the ERAS protocol was associated with a significant reduction in 30‐day readmission rates. Although not statistically significant, the median length of stay in the step‐down unit (ISCU) and hospital was lower for specific patient groups.ConclusionThe implementation and evaluation of the ERAS protocol demonstrated improvement in select patient outcomes as well as areas for process improvement. This study demonstrates the insights that arise from review of this protocol even for an institution with perceived standardized procedures for major oncologic head and neck surgeries.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:732–740, 2024
Ultrabroadband 2D‐Dispersive Wavelength Selective Switch with 1.57 GHz Hyperfine Spectral Resolution and >1600 Channels
Authors: Zhang Yilin , He Zhenwu , Wu Ziying , Ren Jianxin , Liu Bo , Lei Ting , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWavelength selective switches (WSSs) are key components in commercial reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer systems that are essential for future wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) networks. With rapidly increasing data transmission, there is a demand for high‐capacity WSSs. However, in a WSS, the number of channels, which is related to the ratio of its band coverage relative to spectral resolution, is limited within a certain range, since the 1D dispersion of the grating fails to utilize the 2D selectivity of the liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) pixel array in the “disperse and select” architecture.. To surpass this limitation, here a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) is employed into the WSS system to expand 1D‐dispersion into 2D space in order to fully utilize the 2D selectivity of LCoS. According to the experimental results, this VIPA‐grating‐based 2D WSS approach enables a spectral resolution that can be narrowed to 1.57 GHz (18 times improvement from 1D WSS, and massive (>1600) WDM channels can be predicted) and ultrabroadband spectral coverage across the S‐, C‐, and L‐bands of 20 THz. The data communication performance of the 2D WSS is also tested.
Fabrication and toughening mechanism of high toughness PP/SEBS/HDPE blends with core‐shell particles
Authors: Li Shushu , Cheng Pengfei , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Guangquan , Ma Yingxia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAiming at obtaining high toughness polypropylene (PP) products, in this work, using high density polyethylene (HDPE) and styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐stryrene (SEBS) as toughening agents, PP/SEBS/HDPE blends were successfully fabricated by melt‐blending method, and the microstructure, mechanical, thermodynamics, and rheological properties of the blends were investigated. The results revealed the core‐shell structure particles with HDPE as the core and SEBS as the shell were dispersed in PP in the PP/SEBS/HDPE blends. The core‐shell structure particles played good roles in toughening PP matrix, and the PP/SEBS/HDPE blends underwent brittle‐tough transition at 15 wt% SEBS and 5 wt% HDPE. The impact toughness of PP/SEBS/HDPE blends with 15 wt% SEBS and 15 wt% HDPE reached 60.1 kJ/m2, which was almost 1441.0% that of pure PP. The formation of core‐shell particles in the system led to an increase in the degree of chain entanglement between the dispersed phase and PP, which enhanced the interfacial adhesion. In addition, based on the experimental results, the relationship between the viscosity and the material toughness was proposed, revealing the brittle‐ductile transition behavior and the toughening mechanism.
Self‐supervised learning improves classification of agriculturally important insect pests in plants
Authors: Kar Soumyashree , Nagasubramanian Koushik , Elango Dinakaran , Carroll Matthew E. , Abel Craig A. , Nair Ajay , Mueller Daren S. , O'Neal Matthew E. , Singh Asheesh K. , Sarkar Soumik , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Singh Arti 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInsect pests cause significant damage to food production, so early detection and efficient mitigation strategies are crucial. There is a continual shift toward machine learning (ML)‐based approaches for automating agricultural pest detection. Although supervised learning has achieved remarkable progress in this regard, it is impeded by the need for significant expert involvement in labeling the data used for model training. This makes real‐world applications tedious and oftentimes infeasible. Recently, self‐supervised learning (SSL) approaches have provided a viable alternative to training ML models with minimal annotations. Here, we present an SSL approach to classify 22 insect pests. The framework was assessed on raw and segmented field‐captured images using three different SSL methods, Nearest Neighbor Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations (NNCLR), Bootstrap Your Own Latent, and Barlow Twins. SSL pre‐training was done on ResNet‐18 and ResNet‐50 models using all three SSL methods on the original RGB images and foreground segmented images. The performance of SSL pre‐training methods was evaluated using linear probing of SSL representations and end‐to‐end fine‐tuning approaches. The SSL‐pre‐trained convolutional neural network models were able to perform annotation‐efficient classification. NNCLR was the best performing SSL method for both linear and full model fine‐tuning. With just 5% annotated images, transfer learning with ImageNet initialization obtained 74% accuracy, whereas NNCLR achieved an improved classification accuracy of 79% for end‐to‐end fine‐tuning. Models created using SSL pre‐training consistently performed better, especially under very low annotation, and were robust to object class imbalances. These approaches help overcome annotation bottlenecks and are resource efficient.
Simulation of the threat zone of benzene released from the safety relief valve in the petrochemical plant in accordance with occupational health, safety, and environmental standards
Authors: Pukkawanna Pumipat , Tangtong Chaiyanun , Thepanondh Sarawut , Boonyayothin Vorakamol 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBenzene production processes exist primarily in the petrochemical industry. In an overpressure situation, large amounts of benzene may be released via a safety relief valve (SRV) directly into the atmosphere and gets workers and people in the vicinity at risk of being exposed to them. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to model the affected area of the atmospheric benzene released from the SRV in three different seasons including summer, rainy, and winter. The software used to model air dispersion was Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres. Using technical data, meteorological data from one petrochemical plant in Chonburi province, Thailand, and various occupational health, safety, and environmental standards as levels of concern, the simulation showed that the distances in the impact zone of benzene dispersion were slightly different due to seasonal meteorological characteristics and the affected area depends on the dominant wind direction in each season. These results when compared with various standards can be adapted as a guideline of risk management and emergency preparedness of benzene production plants.
Establishing a high‐precision real‐time Precipitable Water Vapor model in China with Global Navigation Satellite System and Fifth‐Generation Reanalysis Model data
Authors: Pengfei Xia , Sanda Yu , Shirong Ye , Aiming Yang , Lunian Quan , Zhonghua Wu , Mengxiang Tong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe real‐time high precision of Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) is widely recognized as crucial for advancing numerical weather prediction and enhancing our understanding of climate change. PWV is usually measured with radiosondes, microwave radiometers, and meteorological satellites. Nevertheless, these instruments have limitations including low temporal or spatial resolutions, high cost and weather dependence. To address these issues, we developed a real‐time PWV grid model for China by integrating the ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network with ERA5 reanalysis products. In this study, we explored an alternative method using ERA5 products to construct an accurate Elevation Normalization Factor Model (ENFM) and Tm models. The culmination of our efforts resulted in the creation of a real‐time 1° × 1° PWV grid model for China. To validate the models of Tm and PWV, we compared them against the data obtained from radiosondes in China throughout 2021. The results indicate that the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) value of the deviation between the Tm derived from our new Tm model, excluding meteorological parameters, and the radiosonde‐derived Tm, is better than 4.22 K. The Tm values of the new Tm model are improved by 15.31% compared to those estimated based on the Bevis model plus HGPT2 temperature model. The RMSE values of the deviations between the new grid PWV and the radiosonde‐derived PWV are less than 3.45 mm. The precision of our new PWV grid model is improved by 37.2% compared to that of the traditional Askne and Nordius model.
Targeted treatment strategy for patients with severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to connective tissue diseases
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Chun , Jin Yansheng , Guo Guanjun , Zhou Kangxing , Feng Xuebing , Yao Genhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD) (CTD‐PAH) remains a difficult challenge in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate the effects of targeted vasodilators in patients with severe CTD‐PAH.MethodsThe data of 53 patients with severe CTD‐PAH hospitalized at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were followed up for an average of 2 years to track their outcomes. The efficacy of treatment and the survival rate of patients with severe CTD‐PAH were determined.ResultsAmong the causes of severe CTD‐PAH, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was the most common (39.6%), and the age at onset in patients with SLE‐PAH was younger than that of patients with other CTD. Bosentan was more effective than sildenafil in reducing pulmonary artery pressure, improving cardiac function, and increasing survival time. Combination therapy with targeted vasodilators significantly improved the prognosis of patients with severe CTD‐PAH compared with monotherapy.ConclusionsPatients with severe CTD‐PAH should be treated early with targeted vasodilators. In this study, bosentan was superior to sildenafil. Combined treatment might be an option for severe CTD‐PAH.
Mapping tree cover expansion in Montana, U.S.A. rangelands using high‐resolution historical aerial imagery
Authors: Morford Scott L. , Allred Brady W. , Jensen Eric R. , Maestas Jeremy D. , Mueller Kristopher R. , Pacholski Catherine L. , Smith Joseph T. , Tack Jason D. , Tackett Kyle N. , Naugle David E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWorldwide, trees are colonizing rangelands with high conservation value. The introduction of trees into grasslands and shrublands causes large‐scale changes in ecosystem structure and function, which have cascading impacts on ecosystem services, biodiversity, and agricultural economies. Satellites are increasingly being used to track tree cover at continental to global scales, but these methods can only provide reliable estimates of change over recent decades. Given the slow pace of tree cover expansion, remote sensing techniques that can extend this historical record provide critical insights into the magnitude of environmental change. Here, we estimate conifer expansion in rangelands of the northern Great Plains, United States, North America, using historical aerial imagery from the mid‐20th century and modern aerial imagery. We analyzed 19.3 million hectares of rangelands in Montana, USA, using a convolutional neural network (U‐Net architecture) and cloud computing to detect tree features and tree cover change. Our bias‐corrected results estimate 3.0 ± 0.2 million hectares of conifer tree cover expansion in Montana rangelands, which accounts for 15.4% of the total study area. Overall accuracy was >91%, but the producer's accuracy was lower than the user's accuracy (0.60 vs. 0.88) for areas of tree cover expansion. Nonetheless, the omission errors were not spatially clustered, suggesting that the method is reliable for identifying the regions of Montana where substantial tree expansion has occurred. Using the model results in conjunction with historical and modern imagery allows for effective communication of the scale of tree expansion while overcoming the recency effect caused by shifting environmental baselines.
Time‐Dependent Colorful Circularly Polarized Organic Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence from a Single‐Component Chiral Molecule
Authors: Yu Lan , Gao Zhisheng , Cheng He , Yan Xin , Cao Hengyu , Guo Guangyao , Li Huanhuan , Li Ping , Chen Runfeng , Tao Ye 
Published: July 2023

AbstractColorful circularly polarized organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) materials have attracted much attention due to their superior optoelectronic properties for various applications. However, the development of colorful CP‐OURTP materials in a single‐component molecular system is currently facing great challenges. Herein, a feasible strategy is proposed to develop colorful CP‐OURTP material from a single‐component chiral molecule by introducing a chiral unit into the phosphorescence chromophore. A dual CP‐OURTP band originated from inherent triplet excitons emission showing a lifetime of 946.44 ms and triplet–triplet annihilation induced delayed emission with a short lifetime of 209.91 ms as well as maximum asymmetry factors of ≈10−3 are realized. Owing to the changed OURTP intensity ratios between inherent CP‐OURTP and delayed emission at different delayed times, time‐dependent colorful CP‐OURTP turned from yellow to green is obtained. This study provides a potential platform to prepare circularly polarized material systems showing colorful luminescent properties.