bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pertussis Toxic Filtrates and Toxin-Vaccines
Authors: Mishulow Lucy , Mowry Isabelle W. , Scott Eleanore B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The work of Shwartzman (1) on toxic filtrates of organisms of which heretofore no specific toxic filtrate had been definitely shown, suggested testing B. pertussis for toxin production. It occurred to us that the failure of all previous attempts to clearly demonstrate a specific pertussis toxin may have been due to a combination of two factors: (a) the method of growing the organisms for toxin production, (b) the method of testing for toxicity.
The present investigation was undertaken with the above two points in view.
We selected two strains of B. pertussis for the experiment. One of them was recently obtained from Bordet and was designated “Bordet,” and the other was one of our old stock strains; both of them were type B.
In our preliminary tests we grew the organisms in the same way as for a vaccine.
Biochemical Studies of Bacterial Derivatives
Authors: Funk Elmer H. , Huntoon F. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human tubercle bacillus protein MA-100 was isolated by Masucci and McAlpine (1) in November, 1929, from the filtrate of cultures of the human tubercle bacillus H-37, grown on Long's synthetic culture medium. This medium contains no protein, but contains asparagin as a source of organic nitrogen. All proteins present with various other substances, not medium constituents, therefore, in the filtrate must have been synthesized by the tubercle bacillus.
One of the most important of these substances is a specific polysaccharide, closely associated with the proteins. However, Masucci and McAlpine have been able to isolate not only a protein MA-100 free from the polysaccharide, but to obtain the poly-saccharide free from the protein. The designation MA-100 is given the protein to classify the material with the chart published by Johnson (2).
Only one phase of these investigations; namely, the skin sensitivity of man to this particular human tubercle bacillus protein MA-100, when the protein is introduced intradermally, is dealt with in this communication.
A Study of the Blood Group Distribution among Polynesians
Authors: Nigg Clara 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The incidence of the four blood groups among 413 fullblooded Hawaiians was found to be as follows: group O, 36.5 per cent; group A, 60.8 per cent, group B, 2.2 per cent, group AB, 0.5 per cent. The A1 agglutinogen was found in 100 per cent of the 237 group A Hawaiian bloods examined for this factor. This incidence is in contrast to 80 per cent found in the white race.
Typhoid Agglutinin Production: The Rôle Dosage, Total Amount of Agglutinogen Injected and Frequency of Inoculation Play
Authors: Behrens C. A. , Keipper C. H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Frequency of injections plays a major rôle in typhoid agglutinin production.
A close relationship exists between the interval of injections and the dose employed.
Total amounts of agglutinogen injected have but little direct influence, however some indirect influences are apparent.
The axiom of frequent stimulation of the body cells of the animal by the use of small doses of agglutinogen and by larger doses as the intervals between inoculations are increased, is emphasized.
Typhoid agglutinins with greatest potencies are produced by injecting 0.1 cc. frequently; 1 cc. less frequently and 5 cc. still less often.
Typhoid agglutinins with high titers are possible with any of the three doses studied; the highest, however, follow the employment of the largest dose.
Typhoid agglutinins of equal potencies are elaborated irrespective of dosage, when inoculations are made every third day.
Increasing the dose with each subsequent injection results in agglutinins with much higher titers than when the reverse is true.
Non-specific agglutinin formation is negligible.
Physical deterioration of the rabbits shows its effect on. agglutinin production.
Comparable results are obtained with various agglutinogens, precipitinogens and lysinogens.
Correlation of the Content in Heterophilic Antibody in Human Serum and the Skin Reaction to Guinea Pig Serum As an Antigen
Authors: Ramsdell Susan Griffith 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Guinea pig serum, used as a native heterophilic antigen, occasioned skin reactions of the immediate type, with regularity, in a group of individuals with skin disturbances believed to be allergic in nature. In the normal group, this reaction appeared in about half the members. The presence of agglutinin for sheep cells was a regular finding in the allergic group in titers considerably higher than that found in the normal. The hemolysin titers did not vary with the groups. No correlation could be established between the occurrence of a skin reaction to guinea pig serum and the heterophilic antibody titers. Haptene and lecithin suspensions did not occasion a marked reaction in any instance. The sub-maximal response could not be correlated with any other finding. The skin response to guinea pig serum could not be identified as a reaction between human heterophilic antibody and a native heterophilic antigen assumed to be contained in the guinea pig serum.
Antigenic Analysis of Cultures of B. Paradysenteriae and B. Morgani Isolated During an Epidemic of Summer Diarrhea
Authors: Mackenzie G. M. , Batt Louise N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cultures forming the material for this study were obtained during an outbreak of diarrhea in August and September, 1927, in a small rural community in New York State. There were 10 cases in three families; only two children in the three families had no manifestations of the infection; no adults were affected. The symptoms were diarrhea with blood and mucus in the stools, fever, vomiting, prostration. The duration varied from two days to three weeks. The youngest patient was one year of age; the oldest was fifteen; the intensity and duration of symptoms were less in the older children. Organisms obtained for study were isolated from Endo and eosin methylene blue plates seeded with fresh specimens of stools.1
The Sustained Suppression of Hemolysin Response in Passively Immunized Rats
Authors: Neiders Mirdza E. , Rowley Donald A. , Fitch Frank W. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
When adult rats were immunized with sheep erythrocytes, the secondary hemolysin response was lower than the primary response. The effect of circulating hemolysin on the rat's response to sheep erythrocytes was investigated. A marked inhibition of the primary hemolysin response in the rat was produced by administering homologous anti-sheep erythrocyte serum 24 hr before the injection of sheep erythrocytes. Significant inhibition of the antibody response occurred with a wide range of doses of antiserum and antigen. Inhibition of the antibody response by antiserum occurred when rats were actively immunized intravenously, intraperitoneally, or intradermally. The presence of circulating hemolysin was necessary to demonstrate the inhibition of the hemolysin response. Unresponsiveness to antigenic stimulation induced by a single passive immunization was sustained if small doses of sheep erythrocytes were injected at weekly intervals. The possible mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon were discussed.
Antigens of Coxiella Burnetii
Authors: Ormsbee Richard A. , Bell E. John , Lackman David B. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylacetamide have been shown to be capable of extracting protective antigen from the Ohio 314 (Phase I) strain of Coxiella burnetii but not from the Nine Mile (Phase II) strain. The antigen extracted from either strain by these organic solvents fixes complement in the presence of specific antiserum and is precipitable by specific antiserum. The antigen preparations are markedly less toxic than whole organisms in normal animals and much less reactive in the skin of sensitized guinea pigs and rabbits. Some physical and chemical properties of the extracts are given, and the character of the response in guinea pigs to immunization with antigen preparations made from Phase I and Phase II organisms is described.
Konseling Pastoral Dengan Teknik Cognitive Restructuring pada Remaja yang Melakukan Percobaan Bunuh Diri
Authors: Angelina Rima , Silvia Yelinda Sri , Herman Titting  
Published: December 2022

Di masa transisi ini remaja diperhadapkan dengan berbagai tantangan kehidupan baik dari dalam dirinya sendiri maupun dari lingkungannya, dalam menghadapi tantangan tersebut tidak semua remaja mampu mengatasinya sendiri, ketidakmampuan menghadapi masalah seringkali membawa remaja untuk menyelesaikan masalah dengan solusi bunuh diri, sehingga perlu untuk melakukan pendekatan yang khusus pada remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya konseling pastoral dengan teknik cognitive restructuring pada perilaku percobaan bunuh diri remaja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskripstif sosial. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dalam melakukan konseling pastoral perilaku percobaan bunuh diri remaja dapat dilakukan dengan tujuh tahapan konseling patoral yaitu; membangun hubungan, anamnesa, diagnosa, treatment planning. treatment, evaluation and review dan terminasi. Dengan berfokus pada pertanyaan-pertanyaan berdasarkan langkah cognitive restructuring dalam konseling pastoral remaja diharapkan dapat memetakan pikirannya, membuka diri, serta memiliki tujuan-tujuan yang baik dalam hidupnya.
IMPACT OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON JOB SATISFACTION: A SEQUENTIAL MEDIATION
Authors: Alam Mehboob , Gul Fozia , Syed Intasar Hussain Kazmi  
Published: December 2022

Current study investigates importance of POS and its related benefits on JS with sequential medication. Data is collected from three government universities of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Total respondents were 429 from three public sector universities. Results of study demonstrated constructive and significant impact on JS (job satisfaction). Sequential mediation of IM and EM has also been tested. Results showed positive and significant impact of IM & EM in the relationship. Time horizon which was used is cross sectional, with sampling technique of stratified random sampling. To collect data, questionnaire survey (self-administrated) was used among the employees of three public sector universities. To analyses data, SPSS & Process by Hayes was used. In analysis descriptive tests like reliability, frequencies, mean, SD, correlation, and statistical technique for hypothesis testing, mediation analysis used. This study contributed to existing literature of POS and adds value to existing practices by examining theoretical model of sequential mediation that not used in any sector in Pakistan. This also explored that POS is an important indicator for job satisfaction through sequential mediation of IM and EM.
Penyusunan dan Validasi Modul Self Compassion untuk Remaja Panti Asuhan
Authors: Tri Rejeki Andayani  
Published: December 2022

Remaja Panti Asuhan pada umumnya merupakan anak-anak yang tidak memiliki keluarga yang lengkap, baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan welas asih pada dirinya sendiri agar nantinya memiliki welas asih pula pada sesama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun dan menguji validitas modul Self Compassion bagi Remaja Panti Asuhan. Penyusunan dilakukan dengan pendekatan research and development, mulai dari analisis kebutuhan, pengembangan modul, dan validasi modul. Sementara untuk tahap implementasi dan evaluasi akan dilakukan pada riset selanjutnya. Validitas modul dari segi isi dilakukan oleh tiga orang pakar dan uji keterbacaan oleh pengguna yakni Remaja Panti Asuhan sebanyak 20 orang. Analisis data dengan kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil pengujian modul menunjukkan nilai rata-rata dari penilaian pakar sebesar 80,7 dengan demikian modul dapat dikategorikan baik dan dapat digunakan setelah dilakukan revisi minor. Demikian pula dari penilaian keterbacaan pengguna diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 81,7 sehingga dapat dikategorikan baik dan modul mudah dipahami. Modul Self Compassion yang disusun dalam penelitian ini terbukti valid dan dapat digunakan oleh remaja Panti Asuhan secara mandiri. Tahap penelitian selanjutnya yang akan dilakukan adalah menguji efektivitas penerapan modul melalui penelitian kuasi eksperimen.
Trajektori Eskatologis Tentang Neraka Dalam Kepercayaan Timur Tengah Kuno Di Teologi Kristen
Authors: Tanasyah Yusak , Putrawan Bobby Kurnia , Repi Robby Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Hell is a place that is very much feared by mankind because this place is understood as a place of punishment with an eternal sea of ​​fire for sinful humans. The term hell in some beliefs becomes a form of understanding that is not only a philosophical term but refers to a place of eternal torment that is scary. The understanding of hell from ancient Middle Eastern cultural beliefs strongly influenced Christian theology. How the beliefs of ancient Middle Eastern cultures understand what hell is, where is hell, how and why humans can go to hell. Departing from the cultural context of the ancient Middle East, the meaning and meaning of this hell became absorbed in the teachings of Christian theology. This understanding of hell in ancient Middle Eastern culture gives its own color in Christian theological understanding of punishment. In research using the trajectory method in biblical historical studies which examines the influence of hell from Ancient Middle Eastern culture which has a cross in understanding Christian theological teachings about eternal punishment for humans.

Abstrak: Neraka yang merupakan tempat yang sangat ditakutkan oleh umat manusia sebab tempat ini dimengerti sebagai tempat penghukuman dengan lautan api kekal bagi manusia yang berdosa. Istilah neraka dalam beberapa kepercayaan menjadi suatu bentuk pemahaman yang tidak hanya sekedar istilah filosofi tetapi merujuk kepada suatu tempat penyiksaan yang kekal yang menyeramkan. Pemahaman neraka dari pelbagai kepercayaan budaya Timur Tengah kuno sangat kuat mempengaruhi teologi Kristen. Bagaimana kepercayaan dari budaya Timur Tengah kuno memahami apa itu neraka, dimana itu neraka, bagaimana dan kenapa manusia dapat masuk ke dalam neraka. Berangkat dari konteks budaya Timur Tengah kuno maka pemaknaan dan arti dari neraka ini menjadi diserap dalam ajaran teologi Kristen. Pemahaman neraka dalam budaya Timur Tengah Kuno ini memberikan warna tersendiri dalam pemahaman teologi Kristen tentang penghukuman. Dalam penelitian menggunakan metode trajektori dalam studi historis biblika dimana mengkaji pengaruh neraka dari budaya Timur Tengah Kuno yang memiliki persinggungan dalam memahami ajaran teologi Kristen tentang penghukuman kekal terhadap manusia.
Makna Kata Hari (Yom) Dalam Ayub 3:1-10
Authors: Bangun Bastanta Pradhana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract: This paper discusses the understanding and meaning of the day (yom) according to Job 3:1-10. The purpose of this research is to enrich the approach and interpretation of the interpretation of the Book of Job and open a new understanding which in the future is expected to have an impact on spiritual needs Christians are facing challenges in life that are increasingly difficult or complex, namely to see a new nuance of the relational relationship between humans and God. To achieve this, the main issues discussed in this paper are: how and to what extent does Job 3: 1-10 interpret the word "day"? The writing of this paper belongs to the scientific family of biblical theology and uses a grammatical-historical exegesis approach, while the data collection process is carried out through library research. The result of this study is that the meaning of the word yom contained in Job chapter 3 is interpreted from a pessimistic point of view which is an attempt by the wisdom teacher as an example of faith seeks understanding in exchanges between wise traditions and human experience.

Abstrak: Karya tulis ini membahas mengenai pemahaman dan makna hari (yom) menurut Ayub 3:1-10.Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk memperkaya pendekatan dan penafsiran tafsir akan Kitab Ayub dan membuka suatu pemahaman yang baru yang dikemudian hari diharapkan berdampak kepada kebutuhan rohani umat kristen dalam menghadapi tantangan hidup yang semakin sulit atau kompleks yakni untuk melihat sebuah nuansa baru akan hubungan relasional antara manusia dan Tuhan. Untuk mencapai hal ini, maka pokok permasalahan yang dibahas dalam karya tulis ini adalah: bagaimana dan sejauh manakah Ayub 3: 1-10 memaknai kata “hari” tersebut ?. Penulisan karya tulis ini termasuk dalam rumpun keilmuan teologi biblika dan mengunakan pendekatan eksegesis gramatikal-historis, sedangkan untuk proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah makna dari kata yom yang terdapat dalam Ayub pasal 3 dimaknai dari sudut pandang pesimis yang merupakan sebuah usaha sang guru hikmat sebagai sebuah contoh iman yang mencari pemahaman dalam pertukaran antara tradisi yang bijaksana dan pengalaman manusia.
Analisis Ekonomi Syariah dalam Praktik Jual Beli Panen Padi di Kelurahan Klemunan Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Azizah Solikhatul , Mukhlis Imam 
Published: December 2022

Buying and selling is an economic activity that cannot be separated from daily life. Basically the law of buying and selling in Islam is permissible. Islam has regulated all provisions related to buying and selling activities, but in its implementation there are still irregularities found, one of which is bond trading which contains an element of taghrir (uncertainty) in its implementation. Such buying and selling is still taking place in Klemunan Village, Wlingi District, Blitar Regency. This study aims to determine the mechanism of implementing the system of buying and selling rice harvests in Klemunan Village in terms of an Islamic economic perspective and the reasons why farmers choose to use the system in buying and selling agricultural crops. This research is a case study qualitative research. Data was collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that the sale and purchase of crops carried out with the slashing cengkalan system which took place in Klemunan Village, Wlingi District, Blitar Regency, East Java, was included in the bonded sale and purchase system. The buying and selling system applied contains an element of market distortion in the Islamic economy, namely taghrir in quantity. The ongoing buying and selling activities with this system are driven by several things, including the area of arable land, practicality, compatibility with buyers, and habits and lack of religious knowledge.
Keywords: rice farming; ijon system; transaction; Islamic economics
KONTRIBUSI UNIT USAHA DAYAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN GURU DAYAH PERBATASAN DARUL AMIN ACEH TENGGARA
Authors: Yurmaini Yurmaini , Nasution Umy Fitriani 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kontribusi Unit Usaha dayah perbatasan Darul Amin dalam meningkatkan kesejahtraan guru Pondok Pesantren Darul Amin Aceh Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan lapangan (field research) dengan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subyek penelitian ini adalah pengasuh pesantren, ustadz dan ustadzah pesantren, pengurus pesantren, serta para santri di dayah perbatasan Darul Amin Aceh Tenggara. Temuan penelitian diketahui : Peran Unit Usaha Dayah Dalam Mensejahtrakan Guru Perbatasan Darul Amin adalah hasil Unit Usaha dayah digunakan untuk biaya investasi dan kesejahtraan guru, keuntungan yang masuk ke kas bendahara kemudian dilaporkan ke pimpinan dan di perguanakan kembali untuk pengembangan dan pengoptimalan sarana dan prasarana lembaga-lembaga pendidikan yang dibawah naungannya, dimana keuntungan tersebut tidak hanya boleh dinikmati perorangan akan tetapi lebih ditunjukkan untuk kemaslahatan bersama, apabila setiap lembaga pendidikan Islam mampu mempraktikkan manajemen Unit Usaha maka ia akan mampu mengokohkan fungsinya untuk Tafaqquhfiddin, yaitu melestarikan dan menjaga ajaran agama Islam seutuhnya. Dengan adanya pendidikan entrepreneurship ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan peran dan fungsi pondok pesantren dalam membekali santri agar mampu untuk tetap survive dalam gempuran arus globalisasi yang semakin menggurita. Santri ketika terjun ke masyarakat mampu memberikan manfaat kepada masyarakat sekitar tidak hanya dalam wujud pengetahuan dan pengamalan agama tetapi juga hal kebutuhan ekonomi
STRATEGI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN RELIGIOUS CULTURE MELALUI MANAJEMEN PEMBIASAAN DIRI BERDOA BERSAMA SEBELUM BELAJAR DI SMP YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM TERPADU BINTANG SERDANG BEDAGAI
Authors: Irwansyah Irwansyah , Tanjung Nurmahani 
Published: December 2022

Untuk mengelola lembaga pendidikan yang bernuansa akan Religious Culture maka dibutuhkan strategi profesional yang dikelola oleh tenaga-tenaga yang kompeten bertanggung jawab, serta didukung oleh sarana dan prasarana. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan strategi kepala sekolah dalam mewujudkan Religious Culture di sekolah agar menjadi sekolah yang berkualitas dan agamis. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) yang bersifat kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Tekhnik analisis data menggunakan analisis (reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan) berinteraksi. Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Penerapan Religious Culture yang ada di SMP Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Terpadu Bintang Serdang Bedagai dapat dilihat dari aspek kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu : berdoa bersama sebelum belajar, melaksanakan sholat dhuhur berjamaah di sekolah, peringatan hari-hari besar Islam, Infaq setiap hari Jumat yang ditujukan ke mesjid, dan penerapan senyum, salam, sapa. Strategi kepala sekolah dalam mengembangkan religious culture di SMP Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Terpadu Bintang Serdang Bedagai melalui manajemen pembiasaan diri berdoa bersama sebelum belajar di sekolah dilakukan dengan cara membuat perencanaan, keteladanan, ikut serta dalam setiap kegiatan, pembiasaan, evaluasi.
ANALISIS SUMBER DANA PENDIDIKAN YAYASAN PERGURUAN ISLAM AL-KAUTSAR KECAMATAN MEDAN JOHOR
Authors: Ridwan Ahmad , Sakdiyah Halimatun 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah al-Kautsar. hal yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini berawal dari keinginan peneliti untuk mengetahui sumber dana Pendidikan di perguruan Islam al-Kautsar. Mengetahui Sumber dana pendidikan merupakan bagian penting dari pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Oleh karenanya membutuhkan pengetahuan tentang sumber dana Pendidikan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah tergolong penelitian bersifat kualitatif, karena hanya memusatkan pada kegiatan ontologis, yaitu pengumpulan data berupa kata-kata, kalimat dan dokumen. sehingga analisanya pun tidak menggunakan angka, tetapi dengan interprestasi terhadap data yang berupa kata-kata atau kalimat ataupun dokumentasi lainnya. Selain itu penelitian ini juga menekankan pada analisis induktif. menyebutkan kehadiran peneliti, subjek dan objek penelitian, cara menggali data penelitian, lokasi dan waktu penelitian yang dilakukan, dan pengecekan keabsahan data. Adapun luaran yang ditargetkan dalam penelitian ini adalah dapat masukan bagi kepala sekolah dalam menentukan sumber dana sekolah, agar guru dan masyarakat dapat mengetahui sumber dana yang ada di MIS. Al-Kaustar Kecamatan Medan Johor.