bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye‐tracking measures of social versus nonsocial attention are related to level of social engagement during naturalistic caregiver‐child interactions in autistic children
Authors: Wall Carla A. , Sabatos‐DeVito Maura , Franz Lauren , Howard Jill , Major Samantha , Bey Alexandra , Dawson Geraldine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEye‐tracking (ET) measures indexing social attention have been proposed as sensitive measures related to autism, but less is known about the relationship between social and nonsocial attention and naturalistic measures of social engagement and whether sex moderates this relationship. This study investigated ET measures of social attention as predictors of social engagement during a naturalistic caregiver‐child interaction (CCI). Participants included 132, 2‐7‐year‐old autistic children (77% male) and their caregivers. Participants engaged in a CCI and an ET task in which they viewed a video of an actor making dyadic bids toward the child with toys in the background. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyzes revealed that ET measures correlated with social engagement behaviors, including degree of attention to the caregiver and objects, joint engagement with the caregiver, and language‐based joint engagement. Children who spent more time looking at toys were more likely to be unengaged during social interaction. Those who spent more time looking at the actor's mouth were more likely to engage in coordinated play with and without language. Sex moderated the relationship between time looking at toys and unengagement during play; males who spent more time looking at toys spent more time unengaged during play, whereas females who spent more time looking at toys spent less time unengaged during play. Overall, ET measures of social and nonsocial attention correlated with the level of social engagement during naturalistic play, with some sex differences. Eye‐tracking measures that predict interaction patterns may provide insight into promoting social engagement between caregivers and their autistic children and can inform outcome monitoring and intervention development.
Adaptation and social interaction among Africans in Hong Kong: The role of assimilation and integration
Authors: Agyenim‐Boateng Raymond 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPromoting cross‐cultural adaptation and social interactions among diverse cultural groups in multicultural societies has long been a focus of social and cross‐cultural psychologists. However, such research is scant in an East Asian context where acculturation and intercultural encounters are now taking place. This study examines how acculturation expectations and strategies of assimilation and integration of the host majority (Hongkongers; N = 476) and immigrant groups (Africans; N = 215) shape adaptation and social interaction in the sociocultural context of Hong Kong. The mediation roles of perceived discrimination and multicultural ideologies were tested in these relationships. The results revealed that integration strategies are linked with psychological adaptation, whereas assimilation is linked with sociocultural adaptation difficulties for the immigrant group. For the host majority group, assimilation expectations were related to increased sociocultural adaptation difficulty, while a negative relationship emerged between integration expectations and sociocultural adaptation difficulty. Additional mediation analyses demonstrated that perceived discrimination and multicultural ideologies explain a significant proportion of variance in acculturation orientations and the intention to avoid interactions with the respective cultural groups. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for Africans and Hongkongers relationship are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Editorial: Challenging injustice: Understanding upstanding, civic action, and bystander intervention to promote justice
Authors: Mulvey Kelly Lynn , Hope Elan C. , Vezzali Loris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThroughout history, individuals and communities have come together to challenge injustice in the local community and across the globe. In recent years, we have seen communities rally together to advocate for changes in policy and practice to address injustices faced by marginalized and disenfranchised groups of people. For instance, communities have taken action through the Movement for Black Lives in the United States, the women's uprising in Iran following the death of Mahsa Amini, and the pro‐democracy protests in Hong Kong. These challenges to social injustices are not only led by adults. Rather, youth engage in civic action to amplify the voices of those who are marginalized, isolated, or victimized and frequently organize to protest injustice and foster collective action through social media or other technology. These challenges to injustice often arise from community‐led efforts, rooted in the unique contexts and histories of the local community. This special issue considers challenging injustice broadly to include bystander intervention in instances of bullying, harassment, or aggression, political and civic engagement, anti‐racist or anti‐oppression activism, and resistance to injustice in institutions and communities. Three overarching themes are featured in this special issue: (1) work examining bullying experiences and factors that motivate bystander intervention in response to bullying; (2) scholarship exploring identity, socialization, and critical action and (3) research focused on collective action and challenging inequalities.
Xanchryones I−N, Six Unusual Phloroglucinol‐Amino Acid Hybrids from the Leaves of Xanthostemon chrysanthus
Authors: Liu Fen , Chen Mei‐Hong , Hu Yan‐Xia , Zhan Qiong , Zhang Jin‐Yan , Zhang Zi‐Yue , Wang Si‐Si , Ye Wen‐Cai , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSix new phloroglucinol derivatives, xanchryones I−N (1–6), were isolated from the leaves of Xanthostemon chrysanthus. Compounds 1–6 are unusual phloroglucinol‐amino acid hybrids constructed through C2−N and O−C1′ bonds forming a peculiar oxazole ring. The structures and absolute configurations of compounds 1–6 were determined by MS, NMR, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial activities of these compounds were evaluated.
Biological and Medicinal Chemistry in Africa
Authors: Veale Clinton G. L. , Olomola Temitope O. , Chellan Prinessa , Edkins Adrienne L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe young, fast‐growing population of Africa means that harnessing the economic benefits of scientific research is critical to sustained and equitable growth in the continent. Moreover, the whole world would benefit from the added intellectual contribution that would come from nurturing African science. The high burden of neglected diseases in Africa makes chemical biology a particularly important field. In this editorial, the reconvergence of science conducted at the interface of chemistry and biology is placed in the context of African participation, its importance to global science and the unique blend of supporting and hindering factors that influence African scientific contributions. The new Biological and Medicinal Chemistry in Africa special collection showcases a broad spectrum of African chemical biology.
Structural Characterization and Extended Substrate Scope Analysis of Two Mg2+‐Dependent O‐Methyltransferases from Bacteria**
Authors: Sokolova Nika , Zhang Lili , Deravi Sadaf , Oerlemans Rick , Groves Matthew R. , Haslinger Kristina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOxygen‐directed methylation is a ubiquitous tailoring reaction in natural product pathways catalysed by O‐methyltransferases (OMTs). Promiscuous OMT biocatalysts are thus a valuable asset in the toolkit for sustainable synthesis and optimization of known bioactive scaffolds for drug development. Here, we characterized the enzymatic properties and substrate scope of two bacterial OMTs from Desulforomonas acetoxidans and Streptomyces avermitilis and determined their crystal structures. Both OMTs methylated a wide range of catechol‐like substrates, including flavonoids, coumarins, hydroxybenzoic acids, and their respective aldehydes, an anthraquinone and an indole. One enzyme also accepted a steroid. The product range included pharmaceutically relevant compounds such as (iso)fraxidin, iso(scopoletin), chrysoeriol, alizarin 1‐methyl ether, and 2‐methoxyestradiol. Interestingly, certain non‐catechol flavonoids and hydroxybenzoic acids were also methylated. This study expands the knowledge on substrate preference and structural diversity of bacterial catechol OMTs and paves the way for their use in (combinatorial) pathway engineering.
Deciphering the Mechanistic Basis for Perfluoroalkyl‐Protein Interactions
Authors: Lawanprasert Atip , Sloand Janna N. , González Vargas Mariangely , Singh Harminder , Eldor Tomer , Miller Michael A. , Pimcharoen Sopida , Wang Jian , Leighow Scott M. , Pritchard Justin R. , Dokholyan Nikolay V. , Medina Scott H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough rarely used in nature, fluorine has emerged as an important elemental ingredient in the design of proteins with altered folding, stability, oligomerization propensities, and bioactivity. Adding to the molecular modification toolbox, here we report the ability of privileged perfluorinated amphiphiles to noncovalently decorate proteins to alter their conformational plasticity and potentiate their dispersion into fluorous phases. Employing a complementary suite of biophysical, in‐silico and in‐vitro approaches, we establish structure‐activity relationships defining these phenomena and investigate their impact on protein structural dynamics and intracellular trafficking. Notably, we show that the lead compound, perfluorononanoic acid, is 106 times more potent in inducing non‐native protein secondary structure in select proteins than is the well‐known helix inducer trifluoroethanol, and also significantly enhances the cellular uptake of complexed proteins. These findings could advance the rational design of fluorinated proteins, inform on potential modes of toxicity for perfluoroalkyl substances, and guide the development of fluorine‐modified biologics with desirable functional properties for drug discovery and delivery applications.
Commentary on “Impact of lesion length on the outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry”
Authors: Ryan Nicola , Alasnag Mirvat 
Published: March 2023

Key Points
The results of this analysis suggest that long CTO lesions (≥20 mm) are associated with lower technical success and higher in‐hospital MACE independent of other predictors of CTO outcomes
Adds additional data to allow operators discuss the individualised risks and benefits of CTO‐PCI
Future studies required prospective core lab analysis of lesion length and outcomes.
An Immobilised Silicon‐Carbon Bond‐Forming Enzyme for Anaerobic Flow Biocatalysis
Authors: Gallus Sabrina , Mittmann Esther , Weber Annika J. , Peng Martin , Niemeyer Christof M. , Rabe Kersten S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe recent development of tailored cytochrome enzymes has enabled “new‐to‐nature” reactivities, such as the biocatalytic formation of carbon‐silicon bonds using the cytochrome c from Rhodothermus marinus. To maximise the potential of this remarkable biocatalyst by increasing its turnover numbers (TON) and to enable its reusability in continuous processes, we report the use of the SpyTag/SpyCatcher bioconjugation system to immobilise this enzyme. We successfully modified the enzyme with a SpyTag without significant effects on its catalytic activity. Even after immobilization on microparticles the enzyme retained 60 % activity. When the immobilized enzyme was used in sequential batch or continuous flow to produce an organosilicon, we observed up to 6‐fold higher turnover numbers over a total period of 10 days compared to the free enzyme reaction, however we observed a drop in stereoselectivity under these conditions. This is the first report on the successful immobilisation of a carbon‐silicon bond forming enzyme for the continuous, biocatalytic production of organosilicons.
A Thermodynamic Model for the Insertion Electrochemistry of Battery Cathodes
Authors: Malaie Keyvan , Scholz Fritz , Schröder Uwe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Prof. Dr. Uwe Schröder. The cover picture shows a crystal layer of nickel hydroxide that undergoes phase separation during electrochemical ion deinsertion (oxidation) and the corresponding modelled cyclic voltammogram. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202201118.
Chiral H‐aggregation‐induced large stokes shift with CPL generation assisted by α‐helical poly(L‐lysine) substructure
Authors: Yoshida Kyohei , Kuwahara Yutaka , Hano Nanami , Horie Yumi , Takafuji Makoto , Ryu Naoya , Nagaoka Shoji , Oda Reiko , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFluorescent materials with large Stokes shifts have significant potential for use in optical applications. Typically, a synthetic design strategy is utilized for this purpose. In this study, we demonstrated a novel method by binding a chiral template to a nonchiral fluorescent agent without chemical modification. Specifically, α‐helical poly(L‐lysine) was employed as the chiral template, which interacted with a disulfonic fluorescent dye, such as NK2751. The dye caused excimer luminescence by inducing the formation of a chirally H‐aggregated dimer only when poly(L‐lysine) was in an α‐helical shape. The result was a Stokes shift of 230 nm. Similar effects were not observed when the chiral template was in a random coil condition and the Stokes shift was less than 40 nm. These findings imply that H‐aggregated dimerization, which often results in quenching, permits the electronic transitions necessary for fluorescence events by the formation of the chirally twisted state. In addition, we introduce for the first time the generation of circularly polarized luminescence using the chirality induction phenomena in a dye supported by poly(L‐lysine).
Fusing perylene diimide with helicenes
Authors: Bao Si Tong , Jiang Haoyu , Jin Zexin , Nuckolls Colin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncorporating perylene diimide (PDI) units into helicene structures has become a useful strategy for giving access to non‐planar electron acceptors as well as a method of creating molecules with unique and intriguing chiroptical properties. This minireview describes this fusion of PDIs with helicenes.
Association between posttreatment α‐fetoprotein reduction and outcomes in real‐world US patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Abou‐Alfa Ghassan K. , Wang Xiaoliang , Parrinello Christina M. , Gossai Anala , Kim Richard , Magee Kelly , Miksad Rebecca A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials suggest α‐fetoprotein (AFP) reduction may be prognostic among patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the association of AFP reduction with outcomes in real‐world settings is unclear.MethodsPatients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma between January 1, 2011, and June 30, 2021, first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and baseline and posttreatment AFP values (closest to 8 ± 2 weeks after first‐line initiation) were included. AFP reduction was defined as ≥20% decrease from baseline vs <20% or no decrease. Real‐world overall survival and progression‐free survival (rwPFS) were defined as time from posttreatment AFP measurement to death, and the first progression event or death, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders and baseline AFP. Effect modification by baseline AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors was assessed.ResultsAmong 533 patients, median baseline AFP was higher in those with AFP reduction than those without (N = 166, 210 µg/L vs N = 367, 150 µg/L). There was a 35% decrease in hazard of death for patients with reduction vs without (aHR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52–0.81; median, 10.3 vs 5.9 months). Results were similar for rwPFS (aHR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54–0.81; median, 4.6 vs 2.6 months). AFP reduction was associated with better outcomes among patients with baseline AFP ≥400 µg/L or with history of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or alcohol use. Only the interaction between baseline AFP and reduction in association with rwPFS was statistically significant.ConclusionsFor certain etiologies, posttreatment AFP change may be more important than baseline AFP for prognosis. Further work should characterize the prognostic implications of longitudinal AFP changes during treatment.Plain Language Summary

The prognostic value of the change in α‐fetoprotein (AFP) concentration after treatment initiation is less established, particularly in real‐world settings.
Longitudinal data from a large nationwide cohort of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitor in routine practice revealed that ≥20% reduction in posttreatment AFP levels was associated with better real‐world overall survival and progression‐free survival after adjusting for baseline AFP levels and other factors.
The results also suggested that the associations may be stronger among patients with a history of HCC risk factors (e.g., hepatitis C virus, alcohol) or with higher baseline AFP levels.
Preparation and Properties of Pyrotechnic Binder Encapsulated α‐AlH3 Composites by Solvent/Anti‐solvent Method
Authors: Shi Zhe , Lu Taojie , Hu Yinghui , Xu Yidong , Wang Xuwen , Wu Zhuo , Zheng Jian , Zhang Jian , Zhu Zhaoyang , Lin Kaifeng , Yang Yulin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlpha‐aluminum hydride (α‐AlH3) is an ideal energetic combustion agent, but its poor stability and safety limit its application. Therefore, we prepare different composites by using the solvent/anti‐solvent method to coat different pyrotechnic binders on the surface of α‐AlH3. The vacuum stability test show that the minimum outgassing of Shellac‐coated α‐AlH3 composite is only 1.2 mL/g at 50 °C for 6 days. Due to the good electrical insulation properties of Viton, Viton‐coated α‐AlH3 composite have the highest E50 value of electrostatic sensitivity. In addition, the pyrotechnic binders coating not only protects the activity of the α‐AlH3 but also effectively increases its burning rate. Viton‐coated α‐AlH3 composite have more gaseous products and maximum flame area during combustion. This study illustrates that α‐AlH3 coated with pyrotechnic binders is a means to address its stability and safety, laying the foundation for its application in solid propellants.
The Ability of CO2 Capture on Transition Metal‐modified 1T′‐MoS2 Monolayers Controlled by an Electric Field
Authors: Tong Tianyue , Linghu Yaoyao , Wu Chao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein, we evaluate the CO2 capture ability on the transition metal‐modified 1T′‐MoS2 monolayers (TM@1T′‐MoS2, TM represents a transition metal atom from 3d to 4d except Y, Tc and Cd) under different external electric fields via first‐principles calculations. As the screened results revealed that Mo@1T′‐MoS2, Cu@1T′‐MoS2 and Sc@1T′‐MoS2 monolayers possess higher sensitivity for electric field than pristine 1T′‐MoS2 monolayer. Among the above candidates, Mo@1T′‐MoS2 and Cu@1T′‐MoS2 monolayers only require the electric field strength of 0.002 a.u. to reversibly capture CO2 and can absorb up to four CO2 molecules with the electric field of 0.004 a.u. Furthermore, Mo@1T′‐MoS2 can selectively capture CO2 molecule from the mixture of CH4 and CO2. Our findings not only provide useful insights that the synergistic effect of electric field and transition metal doping is beneficial for CO2 capture and separation, but also guide the application of 1T′‐MoS2 in the field of gas capture.
Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Generation via Near‐Infrared Photo‐Activated Upconversion: Application to Amyloid Fibril Degradation
Authors: Ishibashi Kohei , Kitajima Hiromasa , Nishiguchi Hiroyasu , Hifumi Emi , Harada Takunori 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to improve the quantum yield of upconversion nanoparticles to achieve high efficiency of amyloid fibril decomposition cascade induced by near‐infrared‐active upconversion nanoparticles complexed with photosensitizers. The effects of the solvothermal reaction time on the crystalline phase of polyethylenimine‐coated NaYF4 : Yb3+/Er3+ were studied, while maintaining constant reaction temperature and concentration of the dopants Yb3+ and Er3+. We found that an increased reaction time resulted in the conversion of the crystalline phase from the cubic α‐ to hexagonal β‐forms with a higher upconversion quantum yield. In addition, the prolonged reaction time effectively increased the ratio of green (2H11/2 and 4S3/2→4I15/2) to red (4F9/2→4I15/2) emissions, increasing the 1O2 generation via photosensitization to approximately 10 times that of conventional ones. Consequently, the efficiency of the amyloid fibril decomposition cascade induced by upconversion nanoparticles complexed with photosensitizers was improved.
Not only climate: The importance of biotic interactions in shaping species distributions at macro scales
Authors: Cosentino Francesca , Seamark Ernest Charles James , Van Cakenberghe Victor , Maiorano Luigi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAbiotic factors are usually considered key drivers of species distribution at macro scales, while biotic interactions are mostly used at local scales. A few studies have explored the role of biotic interactions at macro scales, but all considered a limited number of species and obligate interactions. We examine the role of biotic interactions in large‐scale SDMs by testing two main hypotheses: (1) biotic factors in SDMs can have an important role at continental scale; (2) the inclusion of biotic factors in large‐scale SDMs is important also for generalist species. We used a maximum entropy algorithm to model the distribution of 177 bat species in Africa calibrating two SDMs for each species: one considering only abiotic variables (noBIO‐SDMs) and the other (BIO‐SDMs) including also biotic variables (trophic resource richness). We focused the interpretation of our results on variable importance and response curves. For each species, we also compared the potential distribution measuring the percentage of change between the two models in each pixel of the study area. All models gave AUC >0.7, with values on average higher in BIO‐SDMs compared to noBIO‐SDMs. Trophic resources showed an importance overall higher level than all abiotic predictors in most of the species (~68%), including generalist species. Response curves were highly interpretable in all models, confirming the ecological reliability of our models. Model comparison between the two models showed a change in potential distribution for more than 80% of the species, particularly in tropical forests and shrublands. Our results highlight the importance of considering biotic interactions in SDMs at macro scales. We demonstrated that a generic biotic proxy can be important for modeling species distribution when species‐specific data are not available, but we envision that a multi‐scale analysis combined with a better knowledge of the species might provide a better understanding of the role of biotic interactions.