bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean warming and acidification affect the transitional C:N:P ratio and macromolecular accumulation in the harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo
Authors: Thangaraj Satheeswaran , Sun Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite an increase in ocean warming and acidification that is expected to increase the number of harmful algal species worldwide, the population of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo has been reported to be reduced. However, how this species physically and metabolically modifies transitional C:N:P ratio and macromolecule accumulation is unknown. Considering 1st, 10th, and 20th culture generations under present (low-temperature; low-carbon-dioxide [LTLC] 21 °C; pCO2 400 ppm) and future (high-temperature; high-carbon-dioxide [HTHC] 25 °C; pCO2 1000 ppm) ocean conditions, we examined transitional C:N:P ratio and macromolecule level changes and performed transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that compared to 1st generation cells, 20th generation cells under HTHC conditions showed a large decrease in carbon quota (QC: 34%), nitrogen quota (QN: 36%), and phosphorus quota (QP: 32%), which were reflected in an overall reduction in DNA and RNA quantity. Decreased activation of photosynthetic, carbon fixation and lipid metabolic pathways coincided with changes in photosynthetic efficiency, carbon concentration, and lipid accumulation after long-term (20th generation) exposure to HTHC conditions. We observed that these variations in internal metabolic pathways were caused by external changes in temperature, which activated the (Ca+) signaling pathway, and external changes in pCO2, which altered proton exchange pathways. Our results suggest that H. akashiwo in a temperate environment will undergo profound changes in C:N:P ratio and macromolecular properties, leading to programmed cell death, in the future.
Assessment and Therapy Goal Planning Using Free Computerized Language Analysis Software
Authors: Ratner Nan Bernstein , MacWhinney Brian 
Published: February 2023

Background:
We discuss a free software system (Computerized Language Analysis [CLAN]) that can enable fast, thorough, and informative language sample analysis (LSA).

Method:
We describe methods for eliciting, transcribing, analyzing, and interpreting language samples. Using a hypothetical child speaker, we illustrate use KidEval to generate a diagnostic report.

Results:
Given LSA results suggestive of expressive language delay, we analyze further using CLAN's Developmental Sentence Score and Index of Productive Syntax routines, and outline the child's use of Brown's morphemes.

Discussion:
This tutorial provides an introduction to the use of free CLAN software. We discuss how LSA results can be used to structure therapy goals that address specific aspects of grammatical structure that the child may not yet demonstrate in their spoken language. Finally, we provide answers to common questions, including user support.
Self‐training maximum classifier discrepancy for EEG emotion recognition
Authors: Zhang Xu , Huang Dengbing , Li Hanyu , Zhang Youjia , Xia Ying , Liu Jinzhuo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEven with an unprecedented breakthrough of deep learning in electroencephalography (EEG), collecting adequate labelled samples is a critical problem due to laborious and time‐consuming labelling. Recent study proposed to solve the limited label problem via domain adaptation methods. However, they mainly focus on reducing domain discrepancy without considering task‐specific decision boundaries, which may lead to feature distribution overmatching and therefore make it hard to match within a large domain gap completely. A novel self‐training maximum classifier discrepancy method for EEG classification is proposed in this study. The proposed approach detects samples from a new subject beyond the support of the existing source subjects by maximising the discrepancies between two classifiers' outputs. Besides, a self‐training method that uses unlabelled test data to fully use knowledge from the new subject and further reduce the domain gap is proposed. Finally, a 3D Cube that incorporates the spatial and frequency information of the EEG data to create input features of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is constructed. Extensive experiments on SEED and SEED‐IV are conducted. The experimental evaluations exhibit that the proposed method can effectively deal with domain transfer problems and achieve better performance.
A quantum‐like approach for text generation from knowledge graphs
Authors: Zhu Jia , Ma Xiaodong , Lin Zhihao , De Meo Pasquale 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent text generation methods frequently learn node representations from graph‐based data via global or local aggregation, such as knowledge graphs. Since all nodes are connected directly, node global representation encoding enables direct communication between two distant nodes while disregarding graph topology. Node local representation encoding, which captures the graph structure, considers the connections between nearby nodes but misses out onlong‐range relations. A quantum‐like approach to learning better‐contextualised node embeddings is proposed using a fusion model that combines both encoding strategies. Our methods significantly improve on two graph‐to‐text datasets compared to state‐of‐the‐art models in various experiments.
Charge transport mechanism of cross‐linked polyethylene/silicone rubber composite insulation by energy band theory
Authors: Wang Yani , Ren Pinshun , Wang Yalin , Zhang Shuai , Yang Xingwu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe composite insulation composed of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) and silicone rubber (SiR) is common in high voltage direct current cable accessory installation. However, the space charge accumulation, especially the interfacial charge accumulation of XLPE/SiR, poses a serious threat to the safe operation of cable accessories, and its charge transport mechanism is still unclear, especially at the micro‐scale. In order to investigate the charge transport mechanism of XLPE/SiR, simultaneous measurement of space charge and relaxation current is performed on XLPE/SiR at various electric fields with different polarities, and the electronic energy levels of XLPE and SiR are determined by quantum chemical calculation (QCC). The results of QCC show that both the hole traps and the electron traps in XLPE are mainly shallow traps. As for SiR, the hole traps are shallow traps, while the electron traps are deep traps. The results of simultaneous measurement show that the interfacial charge accumulation and the composite conductivity of XLPE/SiR are significantly different under different polarities, that is, there is an obvious polarity effect. Based on the results of QCC, the electronic energy levels of XLPE/SiR system are constructed considering the interface between XLPE and SiR, as well as the interfaces between the materials and the electrodes. On this basis, the charge transport mechanism of XLPE/SiR is discussed in detail, and the polarity effect is well explained, which is believed to be related to the differences in the charge injection barrier and the interfacial barrier under different polarities, as well as the electron/hole traps in XLPE and SiR.
Rule‐constrained reinforcement learning control for autonomous vehicle left turn at unsignalized intersection
Authors: Cai Yingfeng , Zhou Rong , Wang Hai , Sun Xiaoqiang , Chen Long , Li Yicheng , Liu Qingchao , He Youguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractControlling an autonomous vehicle's unprotected left turn at an intersection is a challenging task. Traditional rule‐based autonomous driving decision and control algorithms struggle to construct accurate and trustworthy mathematical models for such circumstances, owing to their considerable uncertainty and unpredictability. To overcome this problem, a rule‐constrained reinforcement learning (RCRL) control method is proposed in this work for autonomous driving. To train a reinforcement learning controller with rule constraints, outcomes of the path planning module are used as a goal condition in the reinforcement learning framework. Since they include vehicle dynamics, the proposed approach is safer and more reliable compared to end‐to‐end learning, thereby ensuring that the generated trajectories are locally optimal while adjusting to unpredictable situations. In the experiments, a highly randomized two‐way four‐lane intersection is established based on the CARLA simulator to verify the effectiveness of the proposed RCRL control method. Accordingly, the results show that the proposed method can provide real‐time safe planning and ensure high passing efficiency for autonomous vehicles in the unprotected left turn task.
Best Practice Contraception Care for Women with Obesity: A Review of Current Evidence
Authors: McNamee Kathleen , Edelman Alison , Li Raymond Hang Wun , Kaur Simranvir , Bateson Deborah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity among females of reproductive age is increasing globally. Access to the complete range of appropriate contraceptive options is essential for upholding the reproductive rights of this population group. People with obesity can experience stigma and discrimination when seeking healthcare, and despite limited evidence for provider bias in the context of contraception, awareness for its potential at an individual provider and health systems level is essential. While use of some hormonal contraceptives may be restricted due to increased health risks in people with obesity, some methods provide noncontraceptive benefits including a reduced risk of endometrial cancer and a reduction in heavy menstrual bleeding which are more prevalent among individuals with obesity. In addition to examining systems-based approaches which facilitate the provision of inclusive contraceptive care, including long-acting reversible contraceptives which require procedural considerations, this article reviews current evidence on method-specific advantages and disadvantages for people with obesity to guide practice and policy.
Verification of the generalized reduced-order particle-in-cell scheme in a radial–azimuthal E × B plasma configuration
Authors: Faraji F. , Reza M. , Knoll A. 
Published: February 2023

In this article, we present an in-depth verification of the generalized electrostatic reduced-order particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme in a cross electric and magnetic field configuration representative of a radial–azimuthal section of a Hall thruster. The setup of the simulations follows a well-established benchmark case. The main purpose of this effort is to demonstrate that our novel PIC scheme can reliably resolve the complex two-dimensional dynamics and interactions of the plasma instabilities in the radial–azimuthal coordinates of a Hall thruster at a fraction of the computational cost compared to full-2D PIC codes. To this end, we first present the benchmarking of our newly developed full-2D PIC code. Next, we provide an overview of the reduced-order PIC scheme and the resulting “quasi-2D” code, specifying that the degree of order reduction in the quasi-2D PIC is defined in terms of the number of “regions” along the simulation’s directions used to divide the computational domain. We compare the predictions of the quasi-2D simulation in various approximation degrees of the 2D problem against our full-2D simulation results. We show that, with an increase in the number of regions in the Q2D simulations, the quasi-2D results converge to the 2D ones. Nonetheless, we also highlight that a quasi-2D simulation that provides a factor of 5 reduction in the computational cost resolves the underlying physical processes in an almost indistinguishable manner with respect to the full-2D simulation and incurs an L2-norm error of only about 2% in the ion number density and below 1% in the electron temperature.
Development of novel FeCo based amorphous FeCoBPSiCr alloy with high Bs of 1.71 T and high corrosion resistance
Authors: Hasegawa A. , Kajiura Y. , Hosono M. , Yoshidome K. , Matsumoto H. 
Published: February 2023

Metallic ribbons of different compositions were prepared using a single-roller melt-spinning method. The (Fe0.8Co0.2)83B11P4Si2 alloy without Cr showed both high saturation magnetic flux (Bs) of 1.78 T and high corrosion resistance, with a corrosion potential of −607 mV and a corrosion current density of 29 μA/cm2 compared to those of a conventional high-Bs Fe79B13.5Si5.5C2 amorphous alloy. The (Fe0.7Co0.3)82B11P4Si2Cr1 alloy with Cr also exhibited a high Bs of 1.71 T and high corrosion resistance at the same level as that of a conventional Fe73B11Si11C3Cr2 amorphous alloy. The (Fe0.7Co0.3)82B11P4Si2Cr1 alloy showed a corrosion potential of −509 mV and a corrosion current density of 18 μA/cm2. Furthermore, the (Fe0.7Co0.3)82B11P4Si2Cr1 alloys exhibited a high amorphous forming ability because of a single amorphous phase in the metallic ribbon at a thickness of &gt;60 μm. Based on these results, the (Fe0.7Co0.3)82B11P4Si2Cr1 amorphous alloy with the possibility of powderization was confirmed to be a suitable material for the magnetic core that is widely used in metallic inductive components.
Effect of spin-orbit field on magnetization reversal in GaMnAs single layers with 4-fold in-plane magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Han Kyoul , Lee Kyung Jae , Lee Sanghoon , Liu Xinyu , Dobrowolska M. , Furdyna Jacek K. 
Published: February 2023

Effect of spin-orbit-induced (SOI) field on magnetization reversal in ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs films with 4-fold in-plane magnetic anisotropy has been investigated by planar Hall resistance (PHR) and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) with current along the &lt;110&gt; and &lt;100&gt; crystallographic directions, respectively. Field scan hysteresis of PHR and AMR measured with current of 2.5 mA were observed to be asymmetric respect to zero field, showing different transition fields between positive and negative field regions. In addition, the hysteresis asymmetry is reversed as the sign of the current is reversed from positive to negative. Such dependence of asymmetry on current polarity implies that the current-induced spin-orbit field, which is known to depend on the current direction, significantly affects magnetization reversal. The asymmetry observed for currents along [100], [010], [110], and [11̄0] crystallographic directions is fully consistent with the effects arising from the Dresselhaus-type SOI fields in GaMnAs films.
Tunnel anisotropic magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions using FeAlSi
Authors: Akamatsu S. , Nakano T. , Al-Mahdawi Muftah , Yupeng W. , Tsunoda M. , Ando Y. , Oogane M. 
Published: February 2023

We fabricated magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with FeAlSi free layers and investigated the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) properties at low temperature. We observed TMR ratio increase with temperature decrease, and confirmed the TMR ratio of 179.9% at 10 K. The conductance dependence on bias voltage was measured, and a clear peak at low bias voltage similar to Fe/MgO/Fe MTJs was observed. This behavior can be explained by considering the majority band of Fe(001), and Δ5 electrons tunneling in FeAlSi/MgO/CoFeB MTJs at low bias voltage. We also investigated tunnel anisotropic magneto-resistance (TAMR) and clearly observed a TAMR peak similar to Fe/MgO/Fe MTJs, where the TAMR ratio of FeAlSi/MgO/CoFeB MTJs was 1.0% comparable to 1.1% in Fe/MgO/Fe MTJs. We concluded that electron tunneling was caused by the interfacial resonance states originating from spin orbit coupling in the FeAlSi/MgO/CoFeB MTJs.
Effect of microwave instant heating on magnetic, electric and microwave absorption properties of La0.7Na0.3MnO3
Authors: Marimuthu Manikandan , Jiang Lu Wen , Chen Guo Hao , Lee Yong Heng , Mahendiran Ramanathan 
Published: February 2023

The emerging method of microwave (MW) heating was adopted to synthesize a phase pure La0.7Na0.3MnO3 from their oxide precursors. The MW power (P) used for heating the sample was varied from P = 1000 W to 1600 W to examine the effect of MW power on its physical properties. A well-crystalline single phase La0.7Na0.3MnO3 was achieved in 20 min of MW irradiation with P = 1600 W. The obtained grain sizes at P = 1000 W have grown bigger and densified while increasing the P = 1600 W. Growth in the grains was reflected in the resistivity of La0.7Na0.3MnO3 prepared at high P. As the P increases from 1000 W to 1600 W, the resistivity decreases drastically and the metal–insulator transition also becomes sharp at a temperature very close to TC whereas the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (TC) is least affected. The sample prepared at low P showed larger microwave absorption than the sample prepared under high P. These findings were correlated and discussed with the structural and morphological features acquired by microwave irradiation with different powers.
On the synthesis and characterization of bimagnetic CoO/NiFe2O4 heterostructured nanoparticles
Authors: Uddin Muhammad S. , Mayanovic Robert A. , Benamara Mourad 
Published: February 2023

Bimagnetic nanoparticles show promise for applications in energy efficient magnetic storage media and magnetic device applications. The magnetic properties, including the exchange bias of nanostructured materials can be tuned by variation of the size, composition, and morphology of the core vs overlayer of the nanoparticles (NPs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal synthesis routes, structure and magnetic properties of novel CoO/NiFe2O4 heterostructured nanocrystals (HNCs). In this work, we aim to examine how the size impacts the exchange bias, coercivity and other magnetic properties of the CoO/NiFe2O4 HNCs. The nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 10 nm to 24 nm were formed by synthesis of an antiferromagnetic (AFM) CoO core and deposition of a ferrimagnetic (FiM) NiFe2O4 overlayer. A highly crystalline magnetic phase is more likely to occur when the morphology of the core-overgrowth is present, which enhances the coupling at the AFM-FiM interface. The CoO core NPs are prepared using thermal decomposition of Co(OH)2 at 600 °C for 2 hours in a pure argon atmosphere, whereas the HNCs are obtained first using thermal evaporation followed by hydrothermal synthesis. The structural and morphological characterization made using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques verifies that the HNCs are comprised of a CoO core and a NiFe2O4 overgrowth phase. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data shows that the CoO core has the rocksalt (Fd3 m) crystal structure and the NiFe2O4 overgrowth has the spinel (C12/m1) crystal structure. SEM-EDS data indicates the presence and uniform distribution of Co, Ni and Fe in the HNCs. The results from PPMS magnetization measurements of the CoO/NiFe2O4 HNCs are discussed herein.
Evaluation of coplanar line type thin film magnetic field sensor with narrow slits
Authors: Sakamoto Masaya , Suzuki Ryota , Ishihara Tomoya , Honda Junichi , Yabukami Shin 
Published: February 2023

We have proposed coplanar line type thin-film magnetic field sensor with narrow slits. The slit is employed to flow more carrier current on the signal line by improving the impedance matching. Several sensors having 6, 10, 26, 36, and 50 μm slit widths were fabricated and evaluated from the phase and the amplitude of the transmission coefficient (S21) and reflection coefficient (S11) measured by the network analyzer. The amplitude of S21 with slit was improved about five times larger than the sensor without one at around 2 GHz. The appropriate slit width was evaluated as around 10 μm for the coplanar line type thin film magnetic field sensor and the sensitivity will enhance more than 10 times higher than the sensor without slits.
Influence of viscoelasticity on ultrasonic propagation in poly(ethylene oxide) aqueous solution
Authors: Wu Heng , Huang Xiaodong , Liang Xianrong , Wang Mengmeng , Jin Gang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Generally, ultrasonic propagation in ultrasonic non-destructive testing is regarded as a linear process, during which the interaction between ultrasonic and measured material is rarely considered. In this study, the mechanisms of ultrasonic propagation in viscoelastic poly(ethylene oxide) aqueous solution and the interaction between ultrasound and fluid are investigated. A theoretical model of ultrasonic propagation in a viscoelastic fluid is established, in which the body force from ultrasonic waves is added to the fluid momentum equation, and the viscoelasticity of the fluid is described by the Oldroyd-B model. The simulation results for the ultrasonic reflection coefficient at the solid–liquid boundary and the attenuation coefficient based on the multi-physics coupling method are experimentally verified. The results of this study show that the ultrasonic absorption coefficient at low frequencies from 2.25 to 7.5 MHz exhibits frequency dependence through ultrasonic relaxation spectroscopy. The simulation results of the velocity of disturbed flow during ultrasonic propagation show that the viscosity of the solution has a greater impact on the disturbance than the relaxation time, and the phase angle difference between the stress and strain also shows that the viscosity is the main factor affecting the ultrasonic propagation.
Design and construct full invisible band metamaterial-based coating with layer-by-layer structure in the microwave range from 8 to 10 GHz
Authors: Talati Saeed , Ghazali Seyed Morteza , SoltaniNia VahidReza 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the design and construction of a carpet-based anti-radar coating for frequencies from 8 to 10 GHz. The basic idea of the proposed method is to use a coating to guide microwaves around an object so that what is inside the coating becomes invisible. The proposed method uses metamaterial structures with heterogeneous properties to create coatings that provide complete bounding and prevent loss. Using the theory of light transformation and Zhukovsky mapping for the physical dimensions of the bulge to be invisible, the profile of the refractive index distribution with respect to the radiation of waves is determined. The simulation results of the refractive index profile have shown that it is possible to create an ideal invisible coating for each bulge by using the proposed unit cells and a layer-by-layer structure. Finally, after photolithography of the design on the 5880 fibers using a network analyzer and a pair of corrugated wave antennas, the accuracy of the proposed coating performance is confirmed.
Non-reversible processes: GENERIC, hypocoercivity and fluctuations
Authors: Duong M H , Ottobre M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider two approaches to study non-reversible Markov processes, namely the hypocoercivity theory and general equations for non-equilibrium reversible–irreversible coupling; the basic idea behind both of them is to split the process into a reversible component and a non-reversible one, and then quantify the way in which they interact. We compare such theories and provide explicit formulas to pass from one formulation to the other; as a bi-product we give a simple proof of the link between reversibility of the dynamics and gradient flow structure of the associated Fokker–Planck equation. We do this both for linear Markov processes and for a class of nonlinear Markov process as well. We then characterise the structure of the large deviation functional of generalised-reversible processes; this is a class of non-reversible processes of large relevance in applications. Finally, we show how our results apply to two classes of Markov processes, namely non-reversible diffusion processes and a class of piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMPs), which have recently attracted the attention of the statistical sampling community. In particular, for the PDMPs we consider we prove entropy decay.