bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Krill herd optimization algorithm with deep convolutional neural network fostered breast cancer classification using mammogram images
Authors: P Pratheep Kumar , V Mary Amala Bai , Krish Ram P. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryIn this paper proposes a Krill Herd Optimization algorithm with Deep Convolutional neural network fostered Breast Cancer Classification using Mammogram Images (BC‐APPDRC‐DCNN‐KHO). Here, the input images are taken from Real time and MAMMOSET datasets. These images are pre‐processed using Altered Phase Preserving Dynamic Range Compression (APPDRC) technique. This APPDRC is applied for preserving local features, compressing dynamic range of images, and enhancing the speckle noise filtering, these are all necessary for better boundary detection. Then, the Pre‐processed images are classified using Deep Convolutional neural network (DCNN). The DCNN weight parameters are optimized based on Krill Herd Optimization algorithm. The Proposed BCC‐DCNN‐KHO‐MI method classifies the input breast cancer imageries into 3 categories: benign, malignant, and normal. The proposed BCC‐DCNN‐KHO‐MI method in Real time dataset attains 18.505%, 19.45%, 16.19%, 17.56% and 16.19% higher accuracy; 15.38%, 12.06%, 12.71%, 26.62% and 18.902% higher Precision; 3.12%, 10.52%, 13.57%, 22.75% and 14.93% higher F‐score, 59.56%, 41.25%, 56.47%, 42.36% and 37.27% lower computation time; 23.87%, 21.87%, 32.87%, 42.76% and 21.05% higher AUC compared with the existing methods, like BCC‐Google Net‐MI, BCC‐Visual Geometry Group Network‐MI, BCC‐Residual Networks‐MI, BC‐RERNN‐LOA‐MI and BC‐CNN‐MI respectively.
Efficient thread‐to‐core mapping alternatives for application‐level redundant multithreading
Authors: Arslan Sanem , Ünsal Osman 
Published: January 2023

SummaryRedundant multithreading (RMT) is an effective thread‐level replication method to improve the reliability requirements of applications. Although it significantly improves the robustness of applications, it comes with additional performance overhead since the redundant threads might share the same core resources. In our previous study [Efficient selective replication of critical code regions for SDC mitigation leveraging redundant multithreading.J Supercomput2021;77:14130‐14160], we presented an efficient software‐level RMT approach, where we execute the most critical code regions with three threads to correct errors. In this study, we focus on further improving the performance of our software‐level RMT method by presenting a set of different thread‐to‐core mapping alternatives. We provide different static mapping methods, which require preliminary information about the applications, such as execution time, instruction‐per‐cycle (IPC), or cache usage patterns, and a set of dynamic mapping methods, which map threads to cores dynamically at runtime without requiring any additional information. The dynamic mapping methods decide which threads are mapped to which cores at each scheduling point based on the IPC, cache miss rate, or cache access values of each thread as well as each core. Experimental results show that the dynamic mapping method, which maps threads to cores based on IPC values, outperforms all other static and dynamic methods. It also outperforms our baseline model, where the operating system handles the thread‐to‐core mappings by 8%, 7%, and 20% based on average speedup, harmonic speedup, and mean slowdown metrics.
High N‐H Photoacidity of a Nitrogen‐Rich Fused Ring Heteroaromatic Scaffold
Authors: Centore Roberto , D'Amato Assunta , Della Sala Giorgio , Di Donato Mariangela , Landi Alessandro , Manfredi Carla , Peluso Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Front Cover image shows the dynamics of photoinduced acetalization catalyzed by an unprecedented highly photoacidic triazolo–triazole derivative. Light as the trigger for this reaction is represented by the stars in the sky at night, as depicted in the image background (an image of the painting “The Starry Night” by Vincent van Gogh). Time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy revealed that the early steps of deprotonation give rise to a long‐living species, possibly a triplet state formed by fast intersystem crossing. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202200215. Cover design by Alessandro Landi, Assunta D'Amato, and Andrea Peluso, Università di Salerno (Italy).
Selective Electrochemical Degradation of Lignosulfonate to Bio‐Based Aldehydes
Authors: Klein Jana , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA sustainable electrochemical pathway for degradation and thermal treatment of technical lignosulfonate is presented. This approach is an opportunity to produce remarkable quantities of low molecular weight compounds, such as vanillin and acetovanillone. For the electrochemical degradation, a simple two‐electrode arrangement in aqueous media is used, which is also easily scalable. The oxidation of the biopolymer occurs at the anode whereas hydrogen is evolved at the cathode. The subsequent thermal treatment supports the degradation of the robust chemical structure of lignosulfonates. With optimized electrolytic conditions, vanillin could be obtained in 9.7 wt% relative to the dry mass of lignosulfonate used. Aside from vanillin, by‐products such as acetovanillone or vanillic acid were observed in lower yields. A new and reliable one‐pot, two‐step degradation of different technically relevant lignosulfonates is established with the advantages of using electrons as an oxidizing agent, which results in low quantities of reagent waste.
Single‐cell transcriptome analysis reveals functional changes in tumour‐infiltrating B lymphocytes after chemotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nakamura Shoichi , Ohuchida Kenoki , Ohtsubo Yoshiki , Yamada Yutaka , Tsutsumi Chikanori , Okuda Sho , Hisano Kyoko , Mochida Yuki , Shinkawa Tomohiko , Iwamoto Chika , Torata Nobuhiro , Mizuuchi Yusuke , Shindo Koji , Nakata Kohei , Moriyama Taiki , Torisu Takehiro , Nagai Eishi , Morisaki Takashi , Kitazono Takanari , Oda Yoshinao , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTumour immune microenvironment is related with carcinogenesis and efficacy of immunotherapy. B cells play major roles in humoral immunity, but detailed functions of tumour‐infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL‐Bs) are unknown. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the functional heterogeneity of TIL‐Bs in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and lymph nodes (LNs) during chemotherapy.MethodsSingle‐cell transcriptome analysis was performed on 23 specimens. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis of immunoglobulin κ C (IGKC), an antibody‐secreting cell (ASC) marker, in 166 ESCC samples and evaluated the implication of IGKC in 2‐year recurrence free survival (RFS) and 3‐year overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 81,246 cells were grouped into 24 clusters. We extracted B cell clusters based on canonical markers and identified 12 TIL‐B subtypes in ESCC. We found that several functions, such as co‐stimulation and CD40 signalling, were enhanced in TIL‐Bs after chemotherapy. The proportion of naive B cells (NBCs) decreased and B cell activation genes were up‐regulated in NBCs after chemotherapy. The proportion of ASCs in tumours increased with the loss of migratory abilities and antibody production in ASCs was promoted after chemotherapy. Differentially expressed genes up‐regulated with chemotherapy in ASCs correlated with prolonged survival with oesophageal cancer (p = .028). In a metastatic LN, the ASC proportion increased and B cell differentiation was enhanced. In immunohistochemical analysis, RFS and OS of high IGKC expression cases were significantly better than those of low IGKC expression cases (RFS: p < .0001, OS: p < .0001). And in multivariable analysis, the expression of IGKC was an independent favourable prognostic factor for RFS (hazard ratio (HR): 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12–0.45, p < .0001) and OS (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.086–0.47, p = .0002) in ESCC.ConclusionsOur findings provide novel insights for the heterogeneity of TIL‐Bs during chemotherapy and will be useful to understand the clinical importance of TIL‐Bs.
ASER analysis of generalized hexagonal QAM schemes for NOMA systems over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Bisen Shubham , Shaik Parvez , Jose Justin , Nebhen Jamel , Krejcar Ondrej , Bhatia Vimal 
Published: January 2023

SummaryTo achieve high data rates expected from beyond 5G communications, higher‐order modulation techniques have been explored. The energy‐efficient modulation technique with a high data rate has encouraged researches towards an optimum two‐dimensional hexagonal‐shaped constellation, namely, hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM). Thus, in this work, we analyze the average symbol error rate (ASER) of HQAM schemes by considering a two‐user nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) pair. Closed‐form expressions for ASER of HQAM schemes for users are derived over generalized Nakagami‐
fading channels. Further, for the HQAM constellation feasibility in two‐user downlink NOMA systems, the power allocation criterion for the users is presented. Furthermore, the impact of modulation order of the users over the systems ASER analysis is investigated and valuable insights are drawn.
Cyclic carbamates in medicine: A clinical perspective
Authors: Prasher Parteek , Mall Tanisqa , Sharma Mousmee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCarbamate group is mainly used for designing prodrugs to achieve first‐pass and systemic stability against enzyme hydrolysis as the carbamate functionality is recognized by esterase enzymes. As compared to the ester functionality, the carbamate group shows a lesser lability towards enzyme hydrolysis, but a higher susceptibility than amides. Cyclic carbamates present a unique motif in the contemporary drug discovery and development owing to the presence of a polar, and sterically small, constrained Hydrogen‐bonding acceptor atom. The metabolic stability of 5/6‐membered cyclic carbamates are higher as compared to their acyclic counterparts as the former do not undergo metabolic ring opening under physiological conditions. Besides, the metabolic lability of acyclic carbamates is determined by the degree of substitution at the endocyclic/exocyclic “N” atom, which further enables the design and development of various carbamate drugs or prodrugs. As such, the metabolic stability of carbamates follows the order: Cyclic carbamates > Alkyl‐OCO‐NH2 » Alkyl‐OCO‐NHAcyl ∼ Alkyl‐OCO‐NHAryl ≥ Aryl‐OCO‐N(endocyclic) ∼ Aryl‐OCO‐N(Alkyl)2 ≥ Alkyl‐OCO‐N(endocyclic) ≥ Alkyl‐OCO‐N(Alkyl)2 ∼ Alkyl‐OCO‐NHAlkyl » Aryl‐OCO‐NHAlkyl.
Development of mass spectrometry‐based methods for the detection of 11‐ketotestosterone and 11‐ketodihydrotestosterone
Authors: Piper Thomas , Thevis Mario 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe anabolic properties of 11‐hydroxyandrostenedione (OHA4) and its physiologically active metabolites 11‐ketotestosterone (KT) and 11‐ketodihydrotestosterone (KDHT) have been discussed in several recent publications. Especially KT has become readily available via internet‐based providers. No doping control methods for the detection of KT or KDHT exist, neither on the initial testing procedure level nor as confirmatory assay. Probing for the misuse of adrenosterone, the prohormone of OHA4, has already been addressed, and the suggested marker for its misuse was mainly the urinary concentration of 11‐hydroxyandrosterone (OHA). In addition, for confirmation purposes, the carbon isotope ratios (CIR) were taken into consideration. The urinary concentration of OHA is highly variable, and the endogenous dilution after exogenous administration may therefore be considerable; hence, described approaches resulted in short detection times. In this study, the human metabolism of KT was investigated in order to provide additional means for the detection of KT and its prohormone OHA4. Two volunteers (one female and one male) orally administered 20 mg of KT each, and urine samples were collected for 5 days. Urinary concentrations of KT and its metabolites were investigated, and a reference population encompassing 220 male and female athletes was investigated in order to elucidate preliminary thresholds. As confirmation procedure, an isotope ratio mass spectrometry‐based method was developed in order to determine the CIR of KT and relevant metabolites. The developed methods enabled the detection of exogenous KT for more than 20 h after a single oral administration, which is comparable to a single oral testosterone administration.
Pollinator and host sharing lead to hybridization and introgression in Panamanian free‐standing figs, but not in their pollinator wasps
Authors: Satler Jordan D. , Herre Edward Allen , Heath Tracy A. , Machado Carlos A. , Gómez Zúñiga Adalberto , Jandér K. Charlotte , Eaton Deren A. R. , Nason John D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObligate pollination mutualisms, in which plant and pollinator lineages depend on each other for reproduction, often exhibit high levels of species specificity. However, cases in which two or more pollinator species share a single host species (host sharing), or two or more host species share a single pollinator species (pollinator sharing), are known to occur in current ecological time. Further, evidence for host switching in evolutionary time is increasingly being recognized in these systems. The degree to which departures from strict specificity differentially affect the potential for hybridization and introgression in the associated host or pollinator is unclear. We addressed this question using genome‐wide sequence data from five sympatric Panamanian free‐standing fig species (Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea, section Pharmacosycea) and their six associated fig–pollinator wasp species (Tetrapus). Two of the five fig species, F. glabrata and F. maxima, were found to regularly share pollinators. In these species, ongoing hybridization was demonstrated by the detection of several first‐generation (F1) hybrid individuals, and historical introgression was indicated by phylogenetic network analysis. By contrast, although two of the pollinator species regularly share hosts, all six species were genetically distinct and deeply divergent, with no evidence for either hybridization or introgression. This pattern is consistent with results from other obligate pollination mutualisms, suggesting that, in contrast to their host plants, pollinators appear to be reproductively isolated, even when different species of pollinators mate in shared hosts.
Trends in the direction of global plant invasion biology research over the past two decades
Authors: Chiu Jing Hua , Chong Kwek Yan , Lum Shawn K. Y. , Wardle David A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInvasive plants are a growing ecological problem worldwide, but biases and patterns within invasive plant research may affect our understanding of invasive plant ecology. In this study, we analyzed 458 invasive plant papers sampled from the two journals dedicated entirely to the field of invasion biology, i.e., Biological Invasions and Neobiota. From these papers, we collected information on geographic coverage, climate, habitat, taxonomic coverage, plant functional type, and research topic to examine trends across a 21‐year time period from 1999 to 2020. Our analysis found that invasive plant research was consistently biased toward temperate grassland and forest ecosystems particularly within the Americas, Europe, and Australia, and toward smaller, herbaceous invasive plant species (i.e., forbs, grasses, and shrubs), with an increase in interest in invasive nitrogen‐fixing legumes over time. Our analysis also identified “hot” research topics in invasive plant research at specific time periods, such as a peak in the use of genetic analysis methods in 2014–2015 and a more recent focus on plant physiological and functional traits. While current models, concepts, and understanding of plant invasion ecology are still driven by such biases, this has been partially offset by recent increased research in understudied systems, as well as increasing awareness that plant invasion is heavily affected by their growth types, physiological traits, and soil interactions. As the field of invasion biology becomes ever increasingly important over time, focusing invasive plant research on understudied ecosystems and plant groups will allow us to develop a more holistic understanding of the ecology of invasive plants. In particular, given the outsized importance of the tropics to global biodiversity, the threats they face, and the dearth of studies, it is of critical importance that more invasive plant research is conducted within the tropics to develop a more globally representative understanding of invasive plant ecology.
Macroinvertebrate diversity and ecosystem functioning across the eutrophication gradients of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River lakes (China)
Authors: Cai Yongjiu , Dong Rui , Kattel Giri , Zhang You , Peng Kai , Gong Zhijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiodiversity, which strengthens ecosystem stability, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services, is threatened by anthropogenic perturbation and climate change worldwide. However, despite the study of the role of biodiversity in multiple facets of freshwater ecosystems, the linkages between macroinvertebrates diversity and ecosystem functioning have not yet been well‐assessed in eutrophication gradients of lowland river‐floodplain systems. In this study, we have examined the relationship between macroinvertebrates diversity (species diversity, functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity) and macroinvertebrates biomass across the three typically featured eutrophication gradients: “MACROPHYTE,” “TRANSITION,” and “PHYTOPLANKTON,” of floodplain lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (China). Our results suggest that macroinvertebrates diversity in three different lacustrine conditions, biomass, and the relationship between diversity and biomass varied along eutrophication gradients. Functional richness and variance (divergence in taxon community) were the two important macroinvertebrate diversity indices, which accounted for the largest amount of variation in the biomass (63% in PHYTOPLANKTON lakes and 57% in MACROPHYTE lakes, respectively). We also found that the macrophyte coverage is more important than the relative abundance in maintaining the macroinvertebrates diversity and biomass in lowland Yangtze floodplain lake systems, while the relative abundance of macrophyte would change the BEF relationship. Our results demonstrate the functional performance of Yangtze River lakes, which would change with increased nutrient loading and decreased macrophyte coverage and would highlight the significance of the restoration of macrophytes to reduce nutrient loads.
The persistence and conversion of coastal foredune and swale vegetation community distributions 63 years later
Authors: Charbonneau Bianca R. , Swannack Todd M. , Piercy Candice D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVegetation shifts can directly alter habitat dynamics and indirectly impact habitat stability relative to disturbance response. Barrier island dune habitats exhibit spatiotemporally dynamic topography that is affected by vegetation. However, vegetation distribution data can be rare and vegetation persistence is largely unknown such that species turnover over in communities can occur unnoticed. This is true despite concerns and documented cases of woody encroachment related to climate change in these ecogeomorphic habitats where physical stability to resist storm erosion varies with vegetation distribution and density. In 1956 and 1957, the vegetation of Island Beach State Park, NJ, was mapped as a permanent record for subsequent ecological study. In June 2020, we remapped the vegetation of 5.4 of 17 km north to south, seaward of the thicket community boundary. We maintained the same classification system as the historic record, physically mapping vegetation patches via GPS. We quantified changes in thicket, heather, and grass community distribution between the two time periods. Habitat persistence and conversion varied in the 63 years. Heath communities saw 80%–97% habitat loss in conversion to woody thicket. Conversely, thicket community distribution drastically increased, replacing heath where it was previously prevalent. This represents the first known documented instances of woody encroachment for Morella pensylvanica. When they did not expand, thicket communities receded landward or underwent turnover to an invasive species. Woody species of interest for dune stabilization occupied areas of similar habitat characteristics. Dune vegetation distribution persistence from 1957 to 2020 was relatively consistent and stable with the exception of heath habitat conversion. Barrier island stability is directly related to vegetation stability such that understanding where community shifts might occur over time can aid in managing and modeling efforts surrounding these dynamic ecogeomorphic habitats.
Phase Transitions in Three New Hybrid Crystals: (Me3NR)4[Ni(NCS)6] (R=Ethyl, Propyl, and Butyl)
Authors: Liu De‐Xuan , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the microscopic origin of phase transitions in hybrid crystals is of significant important but challenging for designing novel phase‐transition materials. Here, three new hybrid crystals, (Me3NR)4[Ni(NCS)6] (R=ethyl for 1, propyl for 2, and butyl for 3) were synthesized and comprehensively studied on their crystal structures, intermolecular interactions, and phase transitions. They possess a same anti‐XeF4 structure mode but exhibit different phase transitions arising from their subtly changed alkyl groups. Specifically, 1 undergoes four‐step P21/c‐P21/c‐P21/c‐Pbca‐Cmce crystalline transitions at 165, 203, 244, and 280 K, respectively; 2 undergoes three‐step P212121‐Pbca‐P21/n‐P
1c crystalline transitions at 167, 393, and 410 K, respectively, following by a solid‐liquid transition at 453 K; 3 undergoes an iso‐space‐group P21/n‐P21/n crystalline phase transition at 257 K and a solid‐liquid transition at 410 K. These instances well demonstrate the key roles of delicate and complicated intermolecular interactions on inducing nontrivial phase transitions in hybrid crystals.
A dual‐scale system dynamics prediction method for post‐earthquake repair of urban building groups
Authors: Xu Zhen , Zhang Furong , Wu Yingying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe interaction between individual buildings and a city during the post‐earthquake repair process (e.g., the urban repair resource allocation for a building) has a significant influence on urban resilience. To consider such an interaction, a dual‐scale system dynamics prediction method for post‐earthquake repair of urban building groups is proposed, by which the detailed repair process of each individual building and the entire city can be systematically simulated. First, an urban priority for building repair is determined, and an algorithm for calculating the repair workload of individual buildings considering such an urban priority is developed for the following repair simulation of buildings. Next, a system dynamics model is established for simulating the repair process for individual buildings based on four types of resources, that is, workers, equipment, materials, and funds. Finally, a repair prediction model with a dual building‐to‐city scale is developed considering the resource allocation process of buildings. Two historical case studies were used to validate the accuracy of the system dynamics model for individual‐building repair. A case study on a small‐sized city was performed to reveal the influence patterns of different resource availability levels, repair modes, and structural systems on the repair process. The proposed method can predict in detail the post‐earthquake repair process with a dual building‐to‐city scale, supporting the decision‐making of city resilience.