bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Neuropathy Assessed with Multifrequency Vibrometry Develops
Earlier than Nephropathy but Later than Retinopathy
Authors: Lindholm Eero , Ekman Linnea , Elgzyri Targ , Lindholm Beata , Löndahl Magnus , Dahlin Lars 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Diabetes is associated with systemic complications. Prevalence
of diabetic nephropathy, and retinopathy, in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is
declining, but it is not known if this is true also for diabetic neuropathy.
Aim: To investigate the relationship between large fibre diabetic neuropathy and
other diabetic complications.
Materials and methods Neuropathy, defined here as large fibre neuropathy,
was assessed by measuring vibration perception thresholds at four different
frequencies on the sole of the foot, using a standard VibroSense Meter
and/or neuropathic symptoms, in 599 individuals with T1DM. Retinopathy
status was graded using the International Clinical Disease Severity Scale. Grade
of albuminuria and previous history of any macrovascular complications were
registered.
Results Diabetic individuals without retinopathy had similar vibration
thresholds as age- and gender-matched control participants without diabetes,
whereas those without microalbuminuria had higher thresholds than controls. Two
individuals out of 599 (0.3%) had microalbuminuria, but not retinopathy
or neuropathy, and 12/134 (9%) without retinopathy had signs of
neuropathy. Totally 119/536 (22%) of the patients without
microalbuminuria had neuropathy. Vibration thresholds increased with the rising
severity of retinopathy and grade of albuminuria. In a multinomial logistic
regression analysis, neuropathy was associated with retinopathy (OR 2.96
[1.35–6.49], p=0.007), nephropathy (OR 6.25
[3.21–12.15]; p=6.7×10–8) and macrovascular
disease (OR 2.72 [1.50–4.93], p=0.001).
Conclusions Despite recent changes in the incidence of diabetic
complications, the onset of large fibre neuropathy follows that of retinopathy
but precedes the onset of nephropathy in T1DM.
Sustainable network design of bioenergies generation based on municipal solid waste (MSW) management under uncertainty
Authors: Alidoosti Zahra , Sadegheih Ahmad , Govindan Kannan , Pishvaee Mir Saman 
Published: January 2023

Municipal solid waste in a circular economy will be used as a resource, and the design of a product-oriented waste management network is essential. Considering the significant added value of bioenergy, it is one of the most important outputs of the waste management network that the production of a diverse range of them needs further study. Focusing on this issue, a sustainable waste management network was designed to optimally extract various bioenergies by considering all three dimensions of economic, environmental, and social sustainability under uncertain conditions. The proposed model in this research for the sustainable municipal solid waste network was a multi-objective possibilistic mixed-integer non-linear programming. For dealing with uncertainty in this network, a combination of methods based on interactive fuzzy programming was used. The model was implemented after collecting data from Arad Kooh, Iran as a case study using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software. The results of the proposed solution method were the amount of bioenergies generated by treatment technologies and the launched technologies throughout the defined time interval. The validation results of the proposed solution method confirm the research results.
Effect of surface oxide layers in solid-state welding of aluminium alloys – review
Authors: Labus Zlatanovic Danka , Pierre Bergmann Jean , Balos Sebastian , Hildebrand Jörg , Bojanic-Sejat Mirjana , Goel Saurav 
Published: January 2023

This review sheds novel insights on the residual oxide behaviour of solid-state weld joints of aluminium alloys. Understanding the influence of oxides on the aluminium surface before and during welding, its impact on the weld structure and possible solutions for reducing its impact were addressed. The solid-state techniques most relevant to the transportation sector namely, diffusion bonding, friction stir spot welding and ultrasonic welding were surveyed, analysed and reviewed. During this analysis, the implication of the presence of oxides on aluminium substrate affecting the metallurgical characteristics of the weld joints was reviewed. Visible defects such as voids, delamination, kissing bond and hook defects, and problems associated with these defects were analysed and few suggestions are made to partially overcome these issues. Abbreviations: AS, Advancing side; CDRX, Continuous dynamic recrystallisation; CFSSW, Conventional friction stir spot welding; DB, Diffusion bonding; EDS, Energy-dispersive spectroscopy; e-TEM, Environmental transmission electron microscopy; FSW, Friction stir welding; FFSSW, Flat friction stir spot welding; FSSW, Friction stir spot welding; IPDB, Impulse pressuring diffusion bonding; IPADB, Impulse pressure-assisted diffusion bonding; PLT-FSSW, Pinless tool friction stir spot welding; PFSSW, Protrusion friction stir spot welding; RFSSW, Refill friction stir spot welding; RS, Retreating side; RZ, Recrystallised zone; SEM, Scanning electron microscopy; TEM, Transmission electron microscopy; TWI, The Welding Institute; USW, Ultrasonic welding; WFI, Weld faying interface; WFSSW, Walking friction stir spot welding; XPS, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Phononic thermal rectifier: a new proposition
Authors: Bhattacharya Ranjini , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We put forward a new proposition for achieving a phonon-based thermal rectifier at the nanoscale level, considering a one-dimensional phononic system. The central mechanism relies on the temperature-dependent spring constant along with the presence of mass modulation which essentially breaks the symmetry in the system and thus leads to different thermal currents in two bias polarities. Along with thermal rectification, the phenomenon of negative differential thermal resistance (NDTR) is also observed. The NDTR effect is utilized further to have the NOT gate operation. The present analysis may open up new possibilities for designing efficient thermal rectifiers and logic gates.
A new precursor route for the growth of NbO2 thin films by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Singh Reetendra , Chithaiah Pallellappa , Rao C N R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Niobium dioxide (NbO2) exhibits metal-insulator transition (Mott transition) and shows the potential for application in memristors and neuromorphic devices. Presently growth of NbO2 thin films requires high-temperature reduction of Nb2O5 films using H2 or sophisticated techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy and pulsed laser deposition. The present study demonstrates a simple chemical route of the direct growth of crystalline NbO2 films by chemical vapor deposition using a freshly prepared Nb-hexadecylamine (Nb-HDA) complex. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the NbO2 phase with a distorted rutile body-centered-tetragonal structure and the film grown with a highly preferred orientation on c-sapphire. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the +4 oxidation state. The present method offers facile growth of NbO2 films without post-reduction steps which will be assumed to be a cost-effective process for NbO2 based devices.
High mobility Ge 2DHG based MODFETs for low-temperature applications
Authors: Weißhaupt David , Funk Hannes S , Oehme Michael , Bloos Dominik , Berkmann Fritz , Seidel Lukas , Fischer Inga A , Schulze Jörg 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFET) that are typically based on either a two-dimensional electron gas or a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) are highly suitable for low-temperature applications due to the high mobilities attained by the charge carriers in the device channel. The Ge 2DHG is particularly interesting, since Ge exhibits the highest hole mobility among all semiconductors. In this paper, we report on the temperature-dependent direct current-characteristics of normally-on MODFETs based on a high mobility Ge 2DHG. Here, we specifically investigate device characteristics down to cryogenic temperatures and analyze the impact of different MOD-doping on device performance. We find that the largest On-Off ratio of

I

On

/

I

Off

=
3.2
×

10
6

and lowest sub-threshold swing (SS) of

SS

=
64

mV

de

c

−

1

at a temperature of

T
=
7.5

K

are attained for a MOD-doping of

N

A

=
5
×

10

17

c

m

−
3

, while the highest effective mobility

μ

eff

=
864

c

m

2

V

−

1

s

−

1

is obtained from a device with a MOD-doping of

N

A

=
1.1
×

10

18

c

m

−
3

. Furthermore, while effective mobilities in the devices are strongly reduced compared to Hall mobilities measured in the unstructured Ge 2DHGs, both quantities can be seen to follow a similar trend. Our results motivate further investigations of Ge 2DHG MODFETs for applications in cryogenic low-noise amplifiers, besides their well-established potential for spintronic applications.
Atomistic study of Positive Exchange Bias in Hard/Soft ferromagnetic bilayer nanosystem
Authors: Ahsan Junaid Ul , Singh Harkirat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present calculations for the Exchange spring nano-bilayer with intermixing of high and low anisotropic moments at the interface, where we study the unusual phenomenon of positive exchange bias. The results are well reproducible at different simulation temperatures. However, the amount of shift as well as the width of M-H loop is greatly influenced by the temperature itself. We illustrate interface roughness as an important cause for the shift of Hysteresis loop in Ferromagnetic Hard/Soft nano bilayer systems.
Fast time-varying current triggering flux jumps of multi-filamentary Nb3Sn wire exposed to oblique magnetic field
Authors: Li Liujiang , Xue Cun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Due to the oblique magnetic field and rapid time-varying current, the electromagnetic response and thermomagnetic instabilities of high-field superconducting dipole magnets are quite different from the solenoid coils. In this work, we theoretically investigate the flux jump of composite multi-filamentary Nb3Sn wire with high critical current density exposed to an oblique magnetic field and fast transport current. The thermomagnetic stability/instability regions are obtained with respect to flux creep factor and oblique ratios of magnetic field. It is found that the parallel component of the oblique magnetic field can suppress the flux jump. Unlike slow current, it is interesting to find that the fast variations of self-field by high ramp current can trigger flux jumps in Nb3Sn wire. The fast current triggering flux jumps can be tuned by the static oblique magnetic field. Furthermore, we demonstrate that current-like distribution is more likely to trigger quenches, while the magnetic field-like distribution is more likely to trigger flux jumps. The findings of this work are helpful for the optimization of the superconducting coils exposed to oblique magnetic field and fast time-varying current.
Giant dipole resonance and its fine structures in 144−152Nd,152Sm studied within the linear response theory
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Arumugam P , Kumar A K Rhine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present a microscopic approach for giant dipole resonance (GDR) where the linear response by the nuclear density to the dipole radiation is represented through the single-particle wavefunctions calculated with a triaxial Woods-Saxon potential. We follow a microscopic-macroscopic approach to estimate the nuclear deformation with the same potential. We explain the recent experimental data for even–even nuclei 144−152Nd and 152Sm and present a comparison with the macroscopic approach for GDR. We highlight the cases where the results from the microscopic approach are sensitive to the change in single-particle configuration despite no change in shape and mass but with a change of two protons in a mid-shell region. We also present the fine structure analysis of the GDR cross-section using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) framework and elucidate the origin of such fine structures.
Significance of microstrain in impacting band gap and photoluminescence behavior of Ce-doped ZnO thin films deposited via sol-gel process
Authors: Kumawat Ashok , Chattopadhyay Saikat , Misra R D K , Misra Kamakhya Prakash , Valiyaneerilakkal Uvais 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyse the importance of micro-strain in affecting the band gap and photoluminescence (PL) intensity of sol-gel-spin-coated Ce-doped ZnO thin films on glass slides. The presence of the (100) plane in the fabricated thin film was discovered using x-ray diffraction thereby indicating the presence of strongly orientated monocrystalline ZnO hexagonal wurtzite phase. On doping with Ce, the micro-strain in the ZnO thin films changed from (2.49–4.84) × 10–3, and the crystallite size ranged from 26.23 to 43.03 nm. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed that the optical transparency of the undoped and Ce-doped ZnO films was between 60 to 85 percent, however the doped films’ absorption dip was slightly shifted from 378 to 380 nm. For Ce-doped ZnO thin films, the increase in band gap values determined using Tauc’s plot was in the range of 3.19 to 3.44 eV. No change in the peak of UV emission was visible in the PL emission spectra after Ce doping. The micro-strain brought on by doping ZnO with Ce controlled the decrease in PL intensity. On doping with Ce up to 3 at.%, PL intensity and micro-strain both reduced, then climbed till Ce 5 at.%, and ultimately declined when the Ce content was 6 at.%. According to studies using scanning electron microscopy, the undoped ZnO film morphology was characterised by spherical particles with rod-like growth structures. For 1, 2, 5, and 6 at.% Ce-doped ZnO thin films, this structure was changed to a nanorod-like structure with small nanorods attached to a long rod. But lengthy chain linkage structures were found in the event of 3 at.% Ce doping. The preceding results are discussed from a doping perspective.
Nonlinearity of ion temperature gradient mode with entropy drift
Authors: Khan A , Zakir U , Haq I , Zaman S , Khan H , Haque Q 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigated the role of entropy in linear and nonlinear structures and obtained the linear dispersion relation from the set of Braginskii’s ion transport equations, demonstrating that entropy has an effect on the mode’s linear features. We also discovered that the system’s entropy is responsible for nonlinear structure changes such as compression to refractive types, as well as other features influenced by it and other plasma parameters such as dust density, charge number and mass, and so on. Our observations are very useful for space plasma observations such as interstellar space, planetary rings, and laboratory plasma because in the mentioned plasmas there is a lot of entropy due to the temperature differences.
SU(3) symmetry of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Begzjav Tuguldur Kh , Ulam-Orgikh Duger 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It is well-known that spin-1 atoms have SU(3) symmetry. In this work, we develop the theory for spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) based on SU(3) Lie group and predict that any spin-1 atom, for instance, 87Rb can exist in either of two inequivalent fundamental representations of SU(3) namely D(1, 0) or D(0, 1). Furthermore, the SU(3) theoretical treatment results in either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic ground states of the spin-1 BEC depending on the sign of a
1,1 − a
0,0, where a
1,1 and a
0,0 are the scattering lengths corresponding to D(1, 1) and D(0, 0) states. We also show that the coherent spin mixing process of spin-1 BEC is due to only the collisions between atoms in the D(1, 0) and D(0, 1) representations.
Experimental and numerical investigation on electrical wire explosion in pulse plasma systems
Authors: Nasaji Maryam Akbari , Amrollahi Reza , Habibi Morteza 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Simulation and experimental studies have been used in this paper regarding the importance of the plasma pulse system (PPS) to create a uniform discharge plasma channel and a strong shock wave. First, the effect of wire geometry on uniform plasma production is simulated. The simulation results show that a wire with a diameter of 0.4 mm and a length of 50 mm is an ideal geometry for the plasma pulse system because it produces a more uniform plasma. Second, the shock wave generation mechanism was investigated experimentally in the explosion process of two wires with thicknesses of 0.2 and 0.4. As the diameter of the wire increases and its resistance decreases, the discharge current peak increases, and the tendency to establish periodic currents increases, so the 0.4 wire gives better experimental results in terms of shock wave power than the simulation results that confirms the smaller the diameter of the wire, the current generated in a pulsed manner in a short period, and sufficient energy is not stored to change the state of the wire and, as a result, to create a strong shock wave in the wire. Finally, it simulated underwater using COMSOL Multiphysics. It shows that the pressure drops immediately after the explosion point. Based on this, a pressure of 20 MPa has been obtained at a distance of 10 cm from the explosion point, and this reduction rate continues exponentially.
Improvement of cavity plasmon resonance in high-sensitivity MIM nanostructure with rectangular air stubs inside the hexagonal-ring resonator
Authors: Keshizadeh Hadi , Aghaei Fatemeh , Bahador Hamid , Heidarzadeh Hamid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this research work, ‘the cavity plasmon multi-mode resonance-based refractive index sensor with ultra-high sensitivity’ is presented. The proposed sensor is the metal-insulator-metal nanostructure including the bus waveguide coupled to the hexagonal-ring resonator with rectangular air stubs. The transmittance properties, electric field profile, and magnetic field profile are investigated theoretically and numerically for three types of resonator structures by using the finite-difference time-domain method. Adding the air stubs to the ring resonator structure improves the light–matter interaction and effects of cavity plasmon resonances. Also, the combination of a hexagonal ring structure with rectangular air stubs provides a structure with unique optical properties. These optical properties significantly improve the intensity of the electromagnetic field and provide a sensor with ultra-high sensitivity and high selectivity (Δn = 0.002). The high sensitivity of 1725.5 nm RIU−1, 344 5 nm RIU−1, and 5770 nm RIU−1 was achieved for mode 1, mode 2, and mode 3 of 6-stub resonator (case 3), respectively. The results show that case 3 enhances the maximum sensitivity by about 8% for none-stub resonator (case 1) and 91% for 2-stub resonator (case 2). The figure of merit is 30.8 RIU−1 in mode 1, 74.9 RIU−1 in mode 2, and 58.6 RIU−1 in mode 3. The presented sensor can be used as a biosensor for glucose detection.
Sensing local field potentials with a directional and scalable depth electrode array
Authors: Abrego Amada M , Khan Wasif , Wright Christopher E , Islam M Rabiul , Ghajar Mohammad H , Bai Xiaokang , Tandon Nitin , Seymour John P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. A variety of electrophysiology tools are available to the neurosurgeon for diagnosis, functional therapy, and neural prosthetics. However, no tool can currently address these three critical needs: (a) access to all cortical regions in a minimally invasive manner; (b) recordings with microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale resolutions simultaneously; and (c) access to spatially distant multiple brain regions that constitute distributed cognitive networks. Approach. We modeled, designed, and demonstrated a novel device for recording local field potentials (LFPs) with the form factor of a stereo-electroencephalographic electrode and combined with radially distributed microelectrodes. Main results. Electro-quasistatic models demonstrate that the lead body amplifies and shields LFP sources based on direction, enabling
di
rectional sensitivity and
sc
alability, referred to as the directional and scalable (DISC) array. In vivo, DISC demonstrated significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio, directional sensitivity, and decoding accuracy from rat barrel cortex recordings during whisker stimulation. Critical for future translation, DISC demonstrated a higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) than virtual ring electrodes and a noise floor approaching that of large ring electrodes in an unshielded environment after common average referencing. DISC also revealed independent, stereoscopic current source density measures whose direction was verified after histology. Significance. Directional sensitivity of LFPs may significantly improve brain–computer interfaces and many diagnostic procedures, including epilepsy foci detection and deep brain targeting.
Sensor selection and miniaturization limits for detection of interictal epileptiform discharges with wearable EEG
Authors: Dan Jonathan , Foged Mette Thrane , Vandendriessche Benjamin , Van Paesschen Wim , Bertrand Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. The goal of this paper is to investigate the limits of electroencephalography (EEG) sensor miniaturization in a set-up consisting of multiple galvanically isolated EEG units to record interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), referred to as ‘spikes’, in people with epilepsy. Approach. A dataset of high-density EEG recordings (257 channels) was used to emulate local EEG sensor units with short inter-electrode distances. A computationally efficient sensor selection and interictal spike detection algorithm was developed and used to assess the influence of the inter-electrode distance and the number of such EEG units on spike detection performance. Signal-to-noise ratio, correlation with a clinical-grade IEDs detector and Cohen’s kappa coefficient of agreement were used to quantify performance. Bayesian statistics were used to confirm the statistical significance of the observed results. Main results. We found that EEG recording equipment should be specifically designed to measure the small signal power at short inter-electrode distance by providing an input referred noise

<

300 nV. We also found that an inter-electrode distance of minimum 5 cm between electrodes in a setup with a minimum of two EEG units is required to obtain near equivalent performance in interictal spike detection to standard EEG. Significance. These findings provide design guidelines for miniaturizing EEG systems for long term ambulatory monitoring of interictal spikes in epilepsy patients.