bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible forecast value metric suitable for a wide range of decisions: application using probabilistic subseasonal streamflow forecasts
Authors: Laugesen Richard , Thyer Mark , McInerney David , Kavetski Dmitri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Streamflow forecasts have the potential to improve water resource decision-making, but their economic value has not been widely evaluated, since current forecast value methods have critical limitations. The ubiquitous measure for forecast value, the relative economic value (REV)
metric, is limited to binary decisions, the cost–loss economic model, and
risk-neutral decision-makers (users). Expected utility theory can flexibly
model more real-world decisions, but its application in forecasting has been limited and the findings are difficult to compare with those from REV. In this study, a new metric for evaluating forecast value, relative utility
value (RUV), is developed using expected utility theory. RUV has the same
interpretation as REV, which enables a systematic comparison of results, but RUV is more flexible and better represents real-world decisions because more aspects of the decision context are user-defined. In addition, when specific assumptions are imposed, it is shown that REV and RUV are equivalent, hence REV can be considered a special case of the more general RUV. The key differences and similarities between REV and RUV are highlighted, with a set of experiments performed to explore the sensitivity of RUV to different decision contexts, such as different decision types (binary, multi-categorical, and continuous-flow decisions), various levels of user risk aversion, and varying the relative expense of mitigation. These experiments use an illustrative case study of probabilistic subseasonal streamflow forecasts (with lead times up to 30 d) in a catchment in the southern Murray–Darling Basin of Australia. The key outcomes of the experiments are (i) choice of decision type has an impact on forecast value, hence it is critically important to match the decision type with the real-world decision; (ii) forecasts are typically more valuable for risk averse users, but the impact varies depending on the decision context; and (iii) risk aversion impact is mediated by how large the potential damages are for a given decision. All outcomes were found to critically depend on the relative expense of mitigation (i.e. the cost of action to mitigate damages relative to the magnitude of damages). In particular, for users with relatively high expense of mitigation, using an unrealistic binary decision to approximate a multi-categorical or continuous-flow decision gives a misleading measure of forecast value for forecasts longer than 1 week lead time. These findings highlight the importance of the flexibility of RUV, which enable evaluation of forecast value to be tailored to specific decisions/users and hence better capture real-world decision-making. RUV complements forecast verification and enables assessment of forecast systems through the lens of user impact.
THE ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE AND THE PHYSICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Authors: Nigro Samuel A. 
Published: February 2023

This article summarizes the Anthropic Principle and extends it into the physics of human behavior. The Principle is the belief that the universe is anthropomorphic by design and man could not exist if the universe was not created in exactly this way. With this information, people will be more fully aware of who and what man is, of his nature and composition, of his potential for personal mental conquest. People will be enabled to act as deserving of the universe and participate in it accordingly. Knowing the Principle is, however, only a first step. To know and act in a fully human manner, we need an understanding of the necessary “add-ons” of transcendental spirit, the variables of mental succor, the humanness of living the community universals, the divine rituals which can link all to all, the virtues, and how to deal with everything in a simple but symphonically effective way consistent with elementary physics. This will enable us to achieve more fully human way of living.
PERFORMANCE STABILIZATION OF STEEP GAIN GRADIENT CLASS ULTRA-WIDEBAND DIRECT CONVERSION IFM RECEIVER OF HOMODYNING BASED SYSTEMS
Authors: Sarkar Mahadev , Kumar Vipin , Sivakumar R  , Manjunath R  , Charlu S Nagarjuna 
Published: February 2023

This article explains finding of power issues and the methodology of giving a suitable solution for performance stabilization of an ultra-wideband very high gain receiver with steep gain gradient. The origin of this problem lies in homodyning down conversion technique itself. Its LO is derived from input RF source. Varieties of frequency band limited equalizers like RC, RL and RLC are examined to overcome initial gain fluctuations at low frequencies as well as region based gain humps to reduce slope gradient. Thereby at the same time it helps to enhance practically achievable gain against theoretical gain at around highest frequencies by reducing power distribution among all harmonic and spurious components caused by lower frequency elements.
Deep Learning Attention Mechanism in Medical Image Analysis: Basics and Beyonds
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Minglei , Yan Pengfei , Li Guanyi , Jiang Yuchen , Luo Hao , Yin Shen 
Published: February 2023

Survey/review study Deep Learning Attention Mechanism in Medical Image Analysis: Basics and Beyonds Xiang Li 1, Minglei Li 1, Pengfei Yan 1, Guanyi Li 1, Yuchen Jiang 1, Hao Luo 1,*, and Shen Yin 2 1 Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7034, Norway * Correspondence: hao.luo@hit.edu.cn Received: 16 October 2022 Accepted: 25 November 2022 Published: 27 March 2023 Abstract: With the improvement of hardware computing power and the development of deep learning algorithms, a revolution of "artificial intelligence (AI) + medical image" is taking place. Benefiting from diversified modern medical measurement equipment, a large number of medical images will be produced in the clinical process. These images improve the diagnostic accuracy of doctors, but also increase the labor burden of doctors. Deep learning technology is expected to realize an auxiliary diagnosis and improve diagnostic efficiency. At present, the method of deep learning technology combined with attention mechanism is a research hotspot and has achieved state-of-the-art results in many medical image tasks. This paper reviews the deep learning attention methods in medical image analysis. A comprehensive literature survey is first conducted to analyze the keywords and literature. Then, we introduce the development and technical characteristics of the attention mechanism. For its application in medical image analysis, we summarize the related methods in medical image classification, segmentation, detection, and enhancement. The remaining challenges, potential solutions, and future research directions are also discussed.
Team training for interprofessional insight, networking and guidance (T<sup>2</sup>IPING) points
Authors: Paige John T , Bonanno Laura S , Garbee Deborah D , Yu Qingzhao , Kiselov Vladimir J , Badeaux Jennifer A , Martin Jennifer B , Kalil David M , Devlin Raymond J 
Published: February 2023

We investigated the impact of a health sciences centre-wide, high-fidelity, simulation-based interprofessional team training program on participants’ knowledge, skills and attitudes towards teams and teamwork.
Senior medical, nurse anaesthesia and allied health profession students participated in dual-scenario, simulation-based, interprofessional team training sessions with immediate debriefings about team-based competencies (2015–2017). Pre- and post-intervention, students completed the Interprofessional Teamwork (IPT) questionnaire and the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS). Observers and students rated team performance using the Teamwork Assessment Scales (TAS). Descriptive statistics were determined for IPT and RIPLS items and TAS subscales; student
Students from five health professions participated (
A health sciences centre-wide high-fidelity, simulation-based, interprofessional team training program improves students’ team-based behaviours, teamwork attitudes and interprofessional learning attitudes. Widespread adoption of such large-scale team training programs has the potential to improve teamwork among healthcare providers over time.
Tradisionalisasi Pondok Pesantren Modern Al-Falah Dago Kota Bandung
Authors: Komala Ela , Supriadi Yusep 
Published: February 2023

Perkembangan modernisasi, telah banyak membawa perubahan-perubahan dalam dunia pendidikan, termasuk pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam. Karena modernisasi, pesantren tradisional kemudian banyak melakukan pembaruan menjadi pesantren modern, ada juga yang bertahan. Untuk menelusuri tradisionalisasi di Pondok Pesantren Modern Al-Falah, peneliti mengunakan metode penelitian pendekatan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pendidikan Pondok Pesantren Al-Falah merupakan kombinasi antara unsur tradisionalisme dan modernisasi. Perubahan sistem pendidikan pondok pesantren salafiyah di satu sisi merupakan proses linear, artinya berbagai sistem pendidikan telah diperbarui sebagai respon terhadap modernisasi. Namun di sisi lain tetap memegang tradisi lama pesantren tradisional (sebagai warisan masa lalu yang telah mengakar dalam diri pesantren). Maka, pada hakikatnya perubahan yang terjadi pada sistem pendidikan pondok pesantren tersebut merupakan proses perubahan menuju terciptanya pendidikan integral.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL RENTANG TABLET FE DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA DI POSYANDU DESA UNRA
Authors: Ismawati  , Sulfianti  , Mustar  
Published: February 2023

Kehamilan merupakan masa yang sangat menentukan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) masa depan, karena pertumbuhan dan perkembangan seorang anak sangat pasti sejak dalam kandungan. Salah satunya adalah status gizi ibu hamil, karena biasanya ibu hamil mengalami anemia. (Fanny L, 2011:79). Tablet zat besi (Fe) merupakan tablet mineral yang diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk pembentukan sel darah merah atau hemoglobin. Unsur Fe merupakan unsur paling penting dalam pembentukan sel darah merah. Tablet zat besi (Fe) sangat dibutuhkan oleh ibu hamil, sehingga ibu hamil diharuskan untuk mengonsumsi tablet Fe minimal sebanyak 90 tablet selama kehamilannya (Kemenkes, 2018). Anemia adalah suatu kondisi medis dimana jumlah sel darah merah atau hemoglobin kurang dari normal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di posyandu Desa Unra. Penelitian ini menggunakan crossectional dengan jumlah sampel 37 orang. Penentuan sampel menggunakan rumus uji hipotesis. Tehknik analisis data yaitu analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square. Setelah uji statistic diperoleh hasil bahwa variable umur memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tablet FE dengan p-value = 0,011 p < 0,05. Sedangkan variable pendidikan tidak ada hubungan antara dengan tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tablet FE dengan p-value = 0,089 p < 0,05.
Kata Kunci : Ibu hamil, tablet FE, anemia
Choroidal Melanoma in an Asymptomatic Patient
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Hamilton Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Choroidal melanoma is considered the most common intraocular malignancy found in adults and typically presents without symptoms in the early stages. They are frequently first seen on routine dilated fundoscopic exams and appear as a pigmented or nonpigmented choroidal lesion. Case Presentation A 58-year-old Caucasian female presented for a comprehensive eye exam with a chief complaint of gradual distance blur in both eyes. On funduscopic examination of the right eye, a suspicious faint, variably pigmented large choroidal lesion was noted adjacent to the optic nerve. The patient was referred to a retinal oncologist for further workup and management. Management and Outcome The retinal oncologist performed multiple imaging tests including B-scan ultrasound, OCT, and Fundus Autofluorescence which revealed a choroidal mass with subretinal fluid, and presence of lipofuscin confirming a diagnosis of a small choroidal melanoma. Systemic workup did not reveal any metastasis of the choroidal lesion. The patient was initially treated surgically with plaque radiotherapy; however, the patient developed ocular complications ultimately leading to enucleation of the right eye. Consequently, the patient was fitted with an ocular prosthesis. Discussion Choroidal melanomas are the most common intraocular malignancy found in adults and encompass 80% of all uveal melanomas. Patients with choroidal melanoma are typically asymptomatic and are commonly first seen on routine dilated fundoscopic exams. Metastasis of choroidal melanomas are rare but can occur in 1-2% of all cases mainly to the liver, bone, and lung. A 50% mortality rate in a 10-year span has been noted for metastasized choroidal melanomas. Ancillary imaging modalities such as Optical coherence tomography, Fundus Autofluorescence, and B-scan ultrasound are useful in aiding in the diagnosis. Treatment and management are modified based on the characteristics of the tumor and patient, which can include brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, and enucleation. Timely detection and treatment are key in managing this sight and life-threatening illness CE Notification This article is available as a COPE accredited CE course. You may take this course for 1-hour credit. Read the article and take the qualifying test to earn your credit. Click here to Enroll (https://www.crojournal.com/choroidal-melanoma-in-an-asymptomatic-patient) Please check COPE course expiry date prior to enrollment. The COPE course test must be taken before the course expiry date.
Utilization of Chicken Harvest as a Community Economic Improvement in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hardianti Desrina , Noprisa Noprisa , Lestari Fitria , Desmayanasari Dwi , Asyhara Suryatul Aini , Dumila Retno , Dara Triyana , Alfurosi Wahyu 
Published: February 2023

Â The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted various aspects of people's lives, including the economic sector that occurred in Tanjung Waras Hamlet, Merak Batin Village, RT 15, South Lampung. The observations show the residents' lack of knowledge and creativity in managing the harvest of chicken livestock to improve the creative economy of the residents. Therefore, to maximize this potential, our community service team from the University of Muhammadiyah Lampung assists the community by utilizing chicken harvest to improve the economy. The research method used is qualitative, with activities consisting of preparation, assistance, implementation, evaluation, and monitoring. Data is collected using observation techniques, questionnaires, interviews, and group discussion forums (FGD). This activity was carried out on 6-12 July 2021 in Tanjung Waras Hamlet, Merak Batin Village, RT 15 participants with 20 participants. The results of this activity show that: 1) 90% of respondents succeeded in making frozen food products made from chicken. 2) sales results after being processed into frozen food products provide profits of up to more than 75%. This also makes residents more creative in processing raw chicken pieces into processed products that can provide income and help residents overcome economic problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Marketing of processed products is carried out by residents from home and also through social media.Â Â
Training for dental professionals improves confidence in managing patients with dental anxiety in Ireland
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Neeson Niall , Murdoch Olivia , Daly Blánaid 
Published: February 2023

##Statement of the problem Dental anxiety is common and its impact can be profound. Dental professionals may lack training and confidence to support patients with dental anxiety. In 2017, an educational intervention was provided to dental care professionals designed to improve participants’ management of adults and children with dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of the intervention on participants’ confidence in managing patients with varying levels of dental anxiety. ##Methods Dentists and dental care professionals were invited to participate in a bespoke training day on dental anxiety management. Self-administered questionnaires were completed immediately before and immediately after the educational intervention. Respondents scored their level of confidence in managing patients who are anxious about dental treatment before and after training using a visual analogue scale. Differences were tested using Student’s t-test. ##Results Fifty-seven participants responded (RR=73.1%). Participants were predominantly female (n=52, 91.8%) and reported seeing a median of 12, 10 and two patients with mild, moderate and severe dental anxiety, respectively, per week. Paired data were available for 40 participants regarding mildly and moderately anxious patients, and for 39 respondents for severely anxious patients. Mean confidence scores increased from pre to post training, increasing by 9.1%, 11.9% and 25.1% for management of patients with mild, moderate and severe dental anxiety, respectively (p<0.01). ##Conclusions Training was effective in improving confidence among dental professionals regarding the treatment of patients with mild, moderate and severe dental anxiety. Participants highlighted barriers to oral healthcare for patients with dental anxiety.
The perils of “phantom bite syndrome” or “occlusal dysaesthesia”
Authors: Kelleher Martin G.D. , Canavan Dermot 
Published: February 2023

Occlusal dysaesthesia is a clinical disorder characterised by persistent occlusal discomfort in the absence of obvious occlusal discrepancies. Typically this is associated with significant emotional distress. This condition was first described by Marbach in 1976 as a subgroup of temporomandibular disorder patients, and he coined the phrase ‘phantom bite syndrome’. The term occlusal dysaesthesia was introduced in 1997 by Clark et al. and currently this is the most widely used term in the literature. In keeping with the psychiatric literature of the time Marbach suggested that these patients had a ‘mono-symptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis’. Recently the psychiatric hypothesis has been challenged and alternative explanations have been proposed. It is postulated that the condition might be an intraoral sensory disorder, which can occur: a) spontaneously; b) in conjunction with an underlying autoimmune disorder; or, c) with trigeminal neuropathic pain. Although our understanding of this condition has improved, it remains a real challenge for clinicians to recognise the symptoms and provide appropriate treatment. In the absence of controlled studies and agreed diagnostic criteria, the literature is largely based on descriptive reviews. This article describes the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, aetiology and some management strategies for this disorder. Two case studies are provided, which serve to illustrate both the diagnosis and management of this condition. Importantly, clinicians are advised that inadvertently providing further occlusal treatments can intensify the disorder.
How important is sustainability to the dental profession in Ireland?
Authors: Diffley Mary , Mohamed Mazin , Birt Rachel , Gardiner Siobhan , Kadhim Mohamad , Maher Fiachra , Quearney Jade , Slami Roumaissa , Harford Sara , Duane Brett 
Published: February 2023

##Objectives To find out how important environmental sustainability is to the dental profession in Ireland. The extent of the dental profession’s interest in and knowledge of sustainability is unclear. ##Materials and methods A total of 735 questionnaires were distributed to dental practices and at dental conferences in Co. Dublin. The questionnaires sought information from the members of the dental team on their interest in sustainability, their understanding of it, their interest in learning more, and whether they consider sustainable energy use, travel, waste disposal, goods and services, and costs. It also sought to find out if they measure their carbon footprint and if they think sustainability should be a HSE priority. ##Results A total of 735 questionnaires were distributed. A total of 69% of the respondents stated that they are interested in sustainability, and 68% think it should be a HSE priority. However, only 31% of dental professionals consider sustainable travel and 43% consider sustainable energy use, while 58% consider sustainable waste disposal practices. Over half of the sample said they fully understand what environmental sustainability means, with 64% of people interested in learning more about it. Of the respondents, 34% think sustainable practices would decrease costs, while 20% measure their practice’s carbon footprint. ##Conclusions The dental profession in Ireland cares about environmental sustainability, but more research and policies should be introduced in Ireland to increase awareness of how sustainable practices can improve within dentistry.
Case report: Management of an impacted second premolar
Authors: Martin Brian A. , Polyzois Ioannis , Synodinos Philipos N. 
Published: February 2023

Impaction of mandibular second premolar teeth may result from local factors such as abnormal positioning of the tooth bud and insufficient space in the dental arch. It can also be caused by ankylosis, early exfoliation, or prolonged retention of the primary second molars. Pathological factors such as alveolar cysts or odontomes have also been implicated. The recommended treatment for these cases varies according to case-specific clinical characteristics. This may include periodic observation, space maintenance, or surgical exposure with/without orthodontic traction or extraction. In this paper, the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment planning for mandibular second premolar impaction are reviewed. Furthermore, the treatment of one case will be presented.