bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing the Mental Effort and Load–Translingual Scale (MEL-TS) as a Foundation for Translingual Research in Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Endres Tino , Bender Lisa , Sepp Stoo , Zhang Shirong , David Louise , Trypke Melanie , Lieck Dwayne , Désiron Juliette C. , Bohm Johanna , Weissgerber Sophia , Castro-Alonso Juan Cristobal , Paas Fred 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAssessing cognitive demand is crucial for research on self-regulated learning; however, discrepancies in translating essential concepts across languages can hinder the comparison of research findings. Different languages often emphasize various components and interpret certain constructs differently. This paper aims to develop a translingual set of items distinguishing between intentionally invested mental effort and passively perceived mental load as key differentiations of cognitive demand in a broad range of learning situations, as they occur in self-regulated learning. Using a mixed-methods approach, we evaluated the content, criterion, convergent, and incremental validity of this scale in different languages. To establish content validity, we conducted qualitative interviews with bilingual participants who discussed their understanding of mental effort and load. These participants translated and back-translated established and new items from the cognitive-demand literature into English, Dutch, Spanish, German, Chinese, and French. To establish criterion validity, we conducted preregistered experiments using the English, Chinese, and German versions of the scale. Within those experiments, we validated the translated items using established demand manipulations from the cognitive load literature with first-language participants. In a within-subjects design with eight measurements (N = 131), we demonstrated the scale’s criterion validity by showing sensitivity to differences in task complexity, extraneous load manipulation, and motivation for complex tasks. We found evidence for convergent and incremental validity shown by medium-size correlations with established cognitive load measures. We offer a set of translated and validated items as a common foundation for translingual research. As best practice, we recommend four items within a reference point evaluation.
Parent Concerns Around Road Safety of Children En Route to School—A Study from the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Sinclair Marion , Du Plessis Sophia W. F. , Jansen Ada I. , Mboko Lewis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates parental concerns about the safety of children en route to school in the Western Cape, South Africa, through a survey conducted across nineteen school locations in high- and low-pedestrian crash areas. The density of crash locations closely correlated with low- and higher-income areas. The research reveals a high level of concern among parents in both types of areas, with significantly greater worry prevalent in lower-income neighbourhoods. Although the mode of transportation varied between the two groups, both expressed concerns about their children’s journeys. Notably, these concerns extended beyond traffic safety to include personal security issues related to criminal activity in the neighbourhood. Compared to international studies, parents in this study were more worried about speeding and drunk drivers than general traffic conditions. The study also highlights a stark reality: many parents, especially in lower-income areas, are unable to change their children’s commuting conditions despite their high levels of concern, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. This research emphasises the importance of incorporating parental perspectives in developing strategies to enhance child pedestrian safety.
Finding Strength Amidst the Crisis: Student Parent Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zeanah Paula D. , Lin Hung-Chu , Bergeron Megan A. , Ackel Kaylee , Olivier Dianne F. , Rholdon Roger D. , Templet Tricia A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges to college students, with students who are parents at risk for amplified difficulties due to the dual responsibilities of parenting and pursuing higher education, but there are few studies that compare the experiences of student parents with non-parenting college students. This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional approach to compare the needs, concerns, and resources of student parents (n = 167) to those of non-parent students (n = 617) at a mid-sized public university in the Gulf South. Data were collected during the Spring 2021 semester using the Higher Education Student and Student Parent Survey (HESSPS). Overall, a greater proportion of student-parents reported resource awareness, receiving social support, and positive experiences with the pandemic compared to non-parent students; significantly more non-parent students reported financial insecurity, academic difficulties, psychosocial and emotional health issues, and negative pandemic-related experiences. However, when the two groups were divided by age (<25 vs >=25 years), older student parents retained the highest proportion reporting social support and positive pandemic experiences and also had lowest proportion reporting academic difficulties. In contrast, young student parents had the greatest proportion reporting academic difficulties and financial and housing insecurity. Recognizing the heterogeneity of student parents, including their strengths in times of crisis, is critical for addressing equity gaps in higher education and for informing targeted policies and resources so these under-recognized students can accomplish their educational and family goals.
Chinese University Major Decision and Its Effect on Wages: Modeling Interaction Between Major Specificity and Education-Job Relevancy Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Hang Tian , Zhou Yong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChina’s expanding access to higher education and economic slowdown have resulted in growing social concerns about employment opportunities for fresh graduates. This study investigates the effect of choice of major on starting wages in the Chinese labor market. Analyzing a sample of 45,000 observations from Nanjing, China, we use machine learning techniques to uncover a significant interaction between major specificity (i.e. the specificity of the knowledge and skills each major entails) and education-job relevancy in determining wages. We first take the OLS and Heckman models as the baseline, before employing the KNN and Random Forest model fits. The interaction is then measured by the adjusted Friedman’s H-index and finally visualized by network plots and thermal graphs. This research achieves three goals. First, we find that family background, measured by hukou and/or parent education, has no significant impact on major selection and university tier. This finding not only address potential endogeneity concerns, but also has important implications for the study of class mobility in contemporary China. Specifically, it indicates that the impact of the rural-urban social stratification created by the hukou policy has diminished, and that China’s higher education system facilitates social equity. Second, this is the first study to use innovative methods to examine the pricing of 206 specific majors in the Chinese labor market. Third, this research provides guidance for individuals choosing their major, governments concerned with educational resource allocation and employment opportunities, and foreign scholars with limited knowledge of China’s graduate job market.
Electrospun PVC/Graphene Composite Nanosponges for Oil Spill Cleanup
Authors: El-Messiry Magdi , Al-Oufy Affaf , Fadel Nermin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOil spills in aquatic environments are catastrophic events that pose a significant global environmental challenge. This study addresses these issues by developing innovative poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanofiber mats enhanced with nanographene particles, leveraging their exceptional surface area and unique graphene properties. Recent advances in graphene technology have highlighted its versatility in various fields; however, this work uniquely applies these advancements to oil spill remediation. Embedding nanographene particles into PVC nanofibers using electrospinning resulted in a significant enhancement in mechanical properties and functionality. The nanographene particles were synthesized and incorporated into an aqueous PVC solution at varying concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight). The electrospinning technology produced PVC nanofibers with graphene, resulting in nano-rough surfaces, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The nanofiber mats exhibited a remarkable 210% increase in tensile strength at a graphene concentration of 1.5% compared to pure PVC mats, demonstrating the enhanced mechanical performance of the material. Moreover, these nanocomposites exhibited improved oil-spreading kinetics, positioning them highly effective for oil sorption applications. This study presents a novel integration of graphene and PVC nanofibers to create multifunctional materials tailored for environmental remediation. This highlights the potential of nanographene to significantly enhance the mechanical and functional properties of PVC nanofibers, thereby providing a foundation for future advancements in hybrid nanocomposite materials for sustainable and practical applications.
Incised stone artefacts from the Levantine Middle Palaeolithic and human behavioural complexity
Authors: Goder-Goldberger Mae , Marreiros João , Paixão Eduardo , Hovers Erella 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, archaeological research has demonstrated the presence of abstract non-utilitarian behaviour amongst palaeolithic hominins, fuelling discussions concerning the origin and implications of such complex behaviours. A key component in these discussions is the aesthetic and symbolic character of intentionally incised artefacts. In this study, we emphasize the geometry of the incisions as clues to intentionality. Using 3D surface analysis, we characterised incisions found on a Levallois core from Manot cave, and on a flake and retouched blade from Amud cave. In addition, we applied the same methodology to the previously published engraved Levallois core from Qafzeh and the plaquette from Quneitra. The incisions on the Manot, Qafzeh and Quneitra artefacts show similar geometric characteristics. Notably in each of these cases, the incisions form patterns that align with the artefact’s surface topography and shape. In contrast, the incisions on the Amud artefacts are shallower, with no clear orientation or patterning. The methodology applied thus creates a comparative context for MP incised items, reinforcing the interpretation of the Manot, Qafzeh and Quneitra artefacts as deliberate engravings, whereas the marks on the items from Amud are consistent with their functional use as abraders. While the Qafzeh, Quneitra and Manot items are isolated initiatives in their chronological and geographic contexts, the shared traits of the intentional engravings underscore their predetermined nature.
The Effectiveness of Body Image Flexibility Interventions in Youth: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brichacek Anna L. , Neill James T. , Murray Kristen , Rieger Elizabeth , Watsford Clare 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrevention programs that focus on enhancing positive body image may improve health and well-being in young people. Body image flexibility is a promising prevention approach, although its application with youth has yet to be comprehensively investigated. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of body image flexibility interventions among adolescents and emerging adults. There were 23 eligible studies (N = 2764, 91.3% female) published between 2004 and 2024. Random effects meta-analyses indicated that body image flexibility interventions led to immediate, g = 0.52 (13 studies, n = 1,045), and sustained, g = 0.27 (8 studies, n = 608, 1-week to 24-month follow-up) improvements in health outcomes and protected against adverse effects of body image threats, g = 0.33 (7 studies, n = 480), relative to no/minimal intervention controls. Improvements were largely attributable to reductions in body image concerns. Comparison with other evidence-based interventions, including cognitive and dissonance-based programs, suggested comparable effects. Randomized trials and universal programs demonstrated smaller improvements, and there was evidence of potential publication bias. Conclusions are thus limited by the quantity and quality of existing studies, with most focusing on emerging adult females. Recommendations are provided to address these limitations in future research and strengthen the reliability and generalizability of results.
Kontroversen im Konsens: Die Antiterrordatei zwischen Versicherheitlichung und Politisierung
Authors: Ahmed Reem , Kahl Martin 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie seit dem Jahr 2001 in Deutschland erlassenen Gesetze und Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung des internationalen Terrorismus sind weiterhin in Kraft und wurden kontinuierlich erweitert. Der Beitrag geht am Beispiel der Antiterrordatei der Frage nach, welche Faktoren dazu beigetragen haben, dass bestehende Gesetze und Maßnahmen trotz fehlender Wirksamkeitsnachweise nicht wieder aufgehoben worden sind. Er untersucht unter Verwendung des Politisierungsansatzes die Bundestagsdebatten zu der Datei sowie die Berichterstattung über sie in zwei überregionalen Tageszeitungen. Die Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass im Bundestag ein breiter parteiübergreifender Konsens hinsichtlich der grundsätzlichen Notwendigkeit der Datei bestand – eine Ausnahme bildete PDS/DIE LINKE – und Differenzen sich allein auf ihre Ausgestaltung bezogen. Die Medien spiegelten diese politischen Positionen lediglich wider und traten nicht als Agenda-Setter für eine breitere öffentliche Debatte über die Datei auf. Die Entscheidungsfindung zur Antiterrordatei ist zwar der normalen Politik nicht entzogen worden, wie der Versicherheitlichungsansatz nahelegen würde, auf der anderen Seite kann jedoch auch nicht von einer wirklichen Politisierung der Datei gesprochen werden.
In silico identification, characterization and expression analysis of the shaggy-like kinase genes in Cicer arietinum (chickpea)
Authors: Kumar Mayank , Bharti Ruchika , Azad Gajendra Kumar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractShaggy like kinase (SK)/Glycogen Synthase-3 (GSK3) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase present in all the eukaryotes including yeast, protozoa, plants and animals. The Cicer arietinum (Chickpea) SKs structure and functions are poorly understood. Therefore, in silico study was performed to characterize chickpea putative SKs using various computational tools. The data revealed that chickpea has 8 putative SKs that are located at four different chromosomes. mRNA analysis showed that the average length of the 5′ leader was ~ 267 bases while 3′-UTR was ~ 334 bases. The 5′ leader sequences of these genes were also found to contain upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs) and upstream AUGs (uUAGs). Interestingly, analysis of the promoter sequences of these genes revealed 57 different types of cis-acting regulatory elements, which were randomly scattered in their promoter regions. Furthermore, multiple sequence alignment of chickpea putative SKs indicate conserved kinase domain but variable N and C-terminal ends. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the chickpea putative SKs group into 4 established SK classes. 3D structures of the chickpea putative SKs show high similarity in the kinase domain but variability at the N and C-terminal ends. Chickpea putative SKs showed high structural similarity in the kinase domain and variable N and C-terminal ends due to disordered N and C-terminal regions. Protein interaction network of putative chickpea SKs showed enrichment of metabolic and signaling pathways. Chickpea putative SKs were also predicted to contain post-translational modification sites. Gene expression analysis revealed that these putative genes are differentially expressed in chickpea tissues. Altogether, our study sheds light on the structural and functional role of putative chickpea SKs using computational tools and would be interesting to further extend and validate our findings through in vivo experiments.
Off-board aerodynamic measurements of small-UAVs in glide flight using motion tracking
Authors: Ouhabi M.E.M. , Narsipur S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Measuring the aerodynamics and stability characteristics of small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAVs) operating at Reynolds numbers below

$60,000$

is a challenge. Conventional measurement methods can be impractical and costly due to the vehicle’s size and the considerably low forces and moments involved. To overcome these limitations, the current study aims at utilising an existing motion tracking system to conduct off-board aerodynamic measurements of sUAVs. Six sUAVs, with varying wing aspect ratios, are investigated in un-powered, glide flight mode to establish the utility of the motion capture system as an aerodynamic characterisation system and understand the low Reynolds number effects on the flight dynamics. The trajectory tracking system was thoroughly validated through a series of static and dynamic tests to account for uncertainties and errors. Subsequently, flight trajectory data was collected and processed to extract the aircraft’s force and moment characteristics under quasi-steady conditions. The measured lift, drag and moment data compared well with existing literature and theoretical predictions. Longitudinal, lateral and dynamic stability derivatives were also accurately captured. Key findings from the current work included an inverse relationship between the wing aspect ratio and lift curve slope and substantially lower Oswald efficiency factors, both of which were attributed to low Reynolds number effects.
Meaningfulness, Conventions, and Rules
Authors: REILAND INDREK 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
In the middle of the 20th century, it was a common Wittgenstein-inspired idea in philosophy that languages are analogous to games and for a linguistic expression to have a meaning in a language is for it to be governed by a rule of use. However, due to the influence of David Lewis’s work it is now standard to understand meaningfulness in terms of conventional regularities in use instead (Lewis 1969, 1975).
In this paper I will present a simplified Lewis-inspired Conventions view which embodies the basic idea and argue that it is inferior to the older Rules view. Every theory of meaningfulness in a language must yield a plausible story of what it is to speak the language, that is, of what it is to use an expression with its meaning. Those who have adopted something like the Conventions view standardly take use with meaning to consist in trying to use the expression in the conventionally regular way (Lewis 1969, Davis 2003, Loar 1981). I argue that this proposal fails since use with meaning is compatible with intentional misuses. In contrast, on the Rules view we can take use with meaning to be analogous to making a move in the game and to consist in using it while the rule is in force for one which is compatible with intentionally breaking it. And nothing structurally analogous can be found on the Conventions view without inflating it into the Rules view, which completes the case against it.
On the optimality of linear residual risk sharing
Authors: Yang Jiajie , Wei Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the optimal risk sharing problem in the context of peer-to-peer insurance. Using the criterion of minimizing total variance, we find that the optimal risk sharing strategy should take a linear form. Although linear risk sharing strategies have been examined in the literature, our study uncovers a significant finding: to minimize total variance, the linear strategy should be applied to the residual risks rather than the original risks, as commonly adopted in existing studies. By comparing with the existing models, we demonstrate the advantage of the linear residual risk sharing model in variance reduction and robustness. Furthermore, we develop and study a number of new models by incorporating some constraints, to reflect desirable properties required by the market. With those constraints, the optimal strategies turn out to favor market development, such as incentivize participation and guarantee fairness. A relevant model is considered at last, which establishes the connection among multiple optimization problems and provides insights on how to extend the models into a more general setup.
Why Does Possessing Standing to Blame Matter?
Authors: Yaure Philip 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
I argue that moral dialogue concerning an agent’s standing to blame facilitates moral understanding about the purported wrongdoing that her blame targets. Challenges to a blamer’s standing serve a communicative function: they initiate dialogue or reflection meant to align the moral understanding of the blamer and challenger. On standard accounts of standing to blame, challenges to standing facilitate shared moral understanding about the blamer herself: it matters per se whether the blamer has a stake in the purported wrongdoing at issue, is blaming hypocritically, or is complicit in the wrongdoing at issue. In contrast, I argue that three widely recognized conditions on standing to blame—the business, non-hypocrisy, and non-complicity conditions—serve as epistemically tractable proxies through which we evaluate the accuracy and proportionality of blame. Standing matters because, and to the extent that, it indirectly informs our understanding of the purported wrongdoing that an act of blaming targets.
Mental Health Status and Related Factors of Citizens 6 Months after Mass Death and Injury Due to Crowd Crush Incident: Focused on the Itaewon Disaster in 2022
Authors: Choi Yun-Jung , Song Heewon , Namgung Hae-In , Lee Na rae 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Crowd crush disasters result in psychological risks such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This descriptive research study identified the mental health status of Koreans after the Itaewon crowd crush disaster and explored related factors.

Methods
Data were collected May 2-9, 2023 using an online survey. Participants included 205 adults aged 19-69 years recruited through South Korean local and online university communities. Their mental health and related factors were measured at 6 months post-disaster. Data were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics 26.0. and R 3.4.2.

Results
Significant differences in anxiety, depression, and PTSD among participants who experienced the disaster as victims; changes in drinking frequency and alcohol consumption; and differences in anxiety and PTSD according to family type were observed. Comparing the 3 and 6 month surveys, there were no significant changes in anxiety, depression, PTSD, general mental health, or mental well-being. When mental health severity was divided according to victimization, a significant difference in the severity of anxiety, depression, and PTSD was observed.

Conclusions
Participants’ levels of anxiety, depression, and PTSD varied according to their direct and indirect experience of the disaster, with higher levels of PTSD even without direct experience with the disaster.