bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypomagnesemia and Poor Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hamarshih Mohammad , Hamshari Suha , Nazzal Zaher , Snobar Farha , Mletat Rawa , Abu-Mazen Ola , Maraqa Beesan 
Published: February 2023

Background/Aim:
Hypomagnesaemia has been shown to have a significant impact on both glycaemic control and diabetes complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in T2DM patients and find the association between serum magnesium levels and outcomes relevant to glycaemic control and diabetic complications in primary care unit.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 373 patients (222 males and 151 females) from primary care unit. Serum magnesium levels were measured by the colorimetric endpoint method using the Cobas C501 system. Hypomagnesaemia was determined to be a serum magnesium level <1.6 mg/dL. In addition, the following data was also obtained: patients’ characteristics, anthropometric measurements, smoking status, HbA1c, comorbidities and therapeutic management.

Results:
Patients’ mean age was 56.2 ± 10.8 years, 24.6% were smokers, and most were overweight or obese. About 60% have a history of hypertension, and the majority have had diabetes for more than 10 years. Their mean HbA1c level was 8.5 ± 2%. The prevalence of hypomagnesaemia was 11% (95% CI: 8%–14.6%). It was found to be significantly higher among females (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2%–5.8%), patients with HbA1c ≥8% (adjusted OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1%–5.5%) and patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.1%–7.1%).

Conclusion:
The study showed that hypomagnesaemia is more prevalent in females and is associated with diabetic retinopathy and poor glycaemic control. Having a sufficient magnesium level may be associated with better glycaemic control and a reduced occurrence of complications.
The Effects of Resistance Training on some Inflammatory Markers, Appetite-Regulating Peptides and Insulin Resistance Index in Obese Women
Authors: Maleki Fatemeh , Safarzade Alireza 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory condition, which plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and disorder in appetite regulation. Resistance training (RT) can improve low-grade systemic inflammation caused by obesity by improving body composition. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether RT with improvement in inflammatory status leads to improvement of metabolic markers and appetite-regulating peptides in obese women.

Methods:
Sixteen obese and healthy women were randomly divided into RT and control groups. The RT group participated in 8 weeks of RT. Blood samples and anthropometric characteristics were taken before the start of the exercise protocol and 3 days after the last training session. Serum levels of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also measured.

Results:
After 8 weeks of training, body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI) in the control group increased significantly (P < 0.01), but in the training group, anthropometric characteristics remained unchanged. Serum levels of ghrelin and leptin, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor remained unchanged after 8 weeks of RT. A significant increase in insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels was observed in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
It seems that 8 weeks of RT is not enough to induce an anti-inflammatory response and improve body composition and subsequently improve appetite and metabolic markers.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors Among Adults with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Kerala, India
Authors: Jose Soji D. , Mishra Sapna , Mini G. K. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
India is the second-largest country in the world with an estimated 77 million people living with diabetes. Persons with diabetes reported lower quality of life when compared to non-diabetes persons. There are significant associations between poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adverse health outcomes among diabetes people. However, evidence documenting the same in India is scarce.

Aims:
To assess the health-related quality of life and its determinants among diabetic patients in rural Kerala, India.

Methods:
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among 425 adults type-2 diabetic patients from rural Kerala. The World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire was used to measure HRQoL. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between HRQoL and independent variables.

Results:
More than half of the respondents were men (52%), and 45% were older adults (≥60 years). Poor quality of life was reported by 38% of the respondents. Medium [Odds ratio (OR):4.70, 95%CI: 2.61-8.46] and low socio-economic status (SES) group (OR: 4.59, CI: 2.43-8.66) had poorer HRQoL compared to the higher SES group. Those with multi-morbidity (OR: 2.91, CI: 1.63-5.19), unemployed (OR: 2.54, CI: 1.46-4.42), and less educated (OR: 2.28, CI: 1.34-3.88) and older adults (OR: 2.11, CI: 1.28-3.45) were more likely to have poor HRQoL compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion:
More than one-third of the diabetes patients in rural Kerala reported poor HRQoL. The study also identified age, socio-economic status, education, and occupation as the important predictors of HRQoL among diabetes patients. The findings highlighted the need for assessing HRQoL as part of the routine management of diabetes care in similar settings.
Histological evaluation of gelatin/beta-tricalcium phosphate sponges with or without concentrated growth factor in localized class II gingival recession
Authors: Saeed Safinaz Saleh Mohamed , Darwish Samia , El-Shamy Eman , Shoukeeba Malak Y. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate, histologically, the effectiveness of using gelatin sponge loaded with β-tricalcium phosphate with or without concentrated growth factor (CGF) (groups I and III) versus collagen with CGF (group II) in the treatment of Miller class II gingival recession in experimentally created bony defects in Egyptian Baladi dogs.

Materials and Methods
Twenty-four Miller class II gingival recession experimentally created defects in three Egyptian Baladi dogs were used in the present study. Six identical recession defects in three quadrants were created in upper and lower canines and premolars. Each quadrant received one of the three treatment modalities which were to be evaluated. The remaining two sites served as the control with a total of six control sites. Three dogs were euthanized after 12 weeks, and samples were collected for histological and histomorphometric analysis.

Results
Experimental defects of all groups showed distinct types of new attachment with variable degree of regeneration and repair of new cementum, bone, and periodontal fibers. The control group exhibited attachment with a long junctional epithelium. In group I, four defects showed new attachment with periodontal ligament (PDL)-like tissue whereas two defects healed with long junctional epithelium. Five defects in group II displayed new attachment with PDL-like tissue whereas the last defect demonstrated attachment with long junctional epithelium. While in group III, all defects showed new attachment with PDL-like tissues. The histomorphometrical analysis revealed a highly significant increase in the percentage of new bone formation in group III when compared to the other groups, followed by group II then group I, with the least bone formation in the control group.

Conclusion
The results of the present study indicated that, gelatin sponge loaded with β-tricalcium phosphate with or without CGF (groups I and III) and collagen with CGF (group II), all led to favorable histological outcomes. It was therefore postulated that, the addition of CGF may have been a potentiating material, which could have enhanced periodontal tissue repair.
Shear bond strength of resin composite to remineralized caries affected dentin using chicken eggshell powder
Authors: Shady Hussein A. , Elsayed Hussein Y. , Salama Mirvat M. 
Published: February 2023

Objective
Evaluate the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to carious like dentin lesions remineralized by chicken eggshell powder solution (CESP).

Materials and methods
Thirty-six freshly extracted human third molars were used. The occlusal surfaces were grinded removing all enamel and exposing a flat surface of dentin. A 5 × 5 mm window was made and specimens were divided randomly into three equal groups (12 each). Group I (sound dentin as control group) no further treatment was done. Groups II and III, artificial demineralized dentin like lesions were induced by immersion for 96 h in a specially prepared acidic buffer solution (pH 4.2). In specimens of group II (demineralized dentin), no further treatment was done. For group III remineralization was induced by immersion in 3% eggshell powder solution for 12 min and incubated at 37° twice daily with 12 h intervals between both immersions for seven consecutive days. Light curing resin composite cylinders with universal bonding agent were formed with the aid of polymer tubes (4 mm diameter 4 mm height). All specimens were thermo-cycled for 500 cycles from 5 to 55°C. Shear bond strength test was done using universal testing machine with crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure occurred. Analysis of mode of failure was done by examining fractured surfaces of debonded specimens under stereomicroscope.

Results
Group I (normal sound dentin) recoded a significant highest mean value of shear bond strength at 19.38 ± 5.22 MPa followed by group III (remineralized dentin) at 12.94 ± 3.03 MPa which is statically significant higher mean shear bond strength value than group II (demineralized dentin) which recorded mean shear bond at 8.98 ± 3.32. Statistically significant difference was found when comparing mode of failure between three groups; group I showed the highest number of cohesive and mixed failures followed by group III, while group II showed no cohesive failures. Overall, more pronounced adhesive and mixed failures were found regardless of grouping also strong positive significant relation between mode of failure and shear bond strength (maximum load) was found.

Conclusion
Shear bond strength of composite resin to specimens treated with CESPS showed increase in bond strength values. Treated remineralized specimens with CESPS showed significantly higher number of cohesive/mixed modes of failure compared to demineralized specimens.
Effect of two different concentrations of chitosan irrigation on smear layer removal during root canal treatment
Authors: Abd El-latif Doaa M. , Darrag Abeer M. , Sherif Dalia A. 
Published: February 2023

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different concentrations of chitosan irrigation with two rotary systems (Revo-S and One Shape) on smear layer removal during root canal treatment using scanning electron microscope.

Materials and methods
Forty freshly extracted human premolar with single canal and nearly straight roots were collected. Teeth were decoronated to obtain a standardized root length of nearly 15 ± 1 mm. Samples were randomly divided into four main groups (n = 10) according to rotary preparation system and final chitosan irrigation concentration used. Group I: Revo-S rotary system and 5 ml of 0.2% chitosan solution for 3 min as final irrigation. Group II: One Shape single file and 5 ml of 0.2% chitosan solution for 3 min as final irrigation. Group III: Revo-S rotary system and 5 ml of 0.37% chitosan solution for 3 min as final irrigation. Group IV: One Shape single file and 5 ml 0.37% of chitosan solution for 3 min as final irrigation. During preparation and after change of each succeeding file, root canal irrigated with freshly prepared 5 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Then, rinsed with 5 ml of distilled water. Finally, root canals were irrigated with final chitosan irrigation concentration as mentioned in groups. Samples were split longitudinally and examined by scanning electron microscope analysis. Root canal cleanliness was qualitatively assessed at the coronal, middle, and apical regions of root halves. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare between final irrigation solutions at each section and Mann–Whitney U test was used for pair-wise comparisons between groups whenever indicated. The significance level was set at P value less than or equal to 0.05.

Results
It showed that there were no statistical significant differences between groups for smear layer covering the dentinal surfaces. When comparing different root levels, there were no statistical significant differences between coronal versus middle levels but between coronal versus apical and middle versus apical statistical significant differences were found.

Conclusions
Smear layer can be removed effectively in all tested groups from coronal and middle levels compared to apical level. Using multiple file system (Revo-S files) is better than single file system (One Shape file) in removal of the smear layer of root canal. Increasing the concentration of chitosan to 0.37% promoted removal of the smear layer better than 0.2% of chitosan.
A Thematic Reading of C. Ama Ata Aidoo’s “Certain Winds from the South”
Authors: Hamza Reguig Mouro Wassila 
Published: February 2023

Christina Ama Ata Aidoo’s short story “Certain Winds from the South” deals with a community that is victim of both colonisation and World War II, as African nations witnessed both of them between the late eighteenth century and the mid twentieth century. This paper aims at shedding light on the varied themes that Aidoo dealt with in her short story. She focuses on the impact of the colonist and highlights a community that is dismantled in the period of post-war. Her characters struggle hard to survive and are obliged to take decisions that do not necessarily suit them. Indeed, African nations do share this in common, as they have a common past of torture and destruction. Colonisation left these nations in a state of utter despair, and survival was not an easy task and is still not, even after 60 years of independence for some. The south in “Certain Winds from the South” stands both for hope and despair in this Ghanaian community.
Résumé :
La nouvelle de Christina Ama Ata Aidoo «Certain Winds from the South» traite d'une communauté victime à la fois de la colonisation et de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, dont les nations africaines en ont été victimes entre la fin du XVIIIe siècle et le milieu du XXe siècle. Cet article vise les différents thèmes traités par Aidoo dans sa nouvelle. Cette dernière cible l'impact du colon et met en lumière une communauté qui est démantelée dans la période d'après-guerre. Ses personnages peinent à survivre et sont obligés de prendre des décisions qui ne leur conviennent pas forcément. En effet, les nations africaines partagent cela en commun, car elles ont un passé commun de torture et de destruction. La colonisation a laissé ces nations dans un état de désespoir total, et la survie n'était pas une tâche facile et ne l'est toujours pas, même après 60 ans d'indépendance pour certains. Le sud dans «Certain Winds from the South» représente à la fois l'espoir et le désespoir dans cette communauté ghanéenne.
The Muted Voice in Assia Djebar’s Children of the New World (1962)
Authors: ABDERRAZAG Sara 
Published: February 2023

Assia Djebar’s Children of the New World (1962) is an example of a novel that illustrates two different categories of Algerian female characters: daring and submissive. The present study, then, is an attempt to pinpoint the group of female characters who are aware of their inferiority compared to males but they cannot cast off the shackles of patriarchy. Their inaction is the result of their certainty that their voices will not be heard due to the colonial and patriarchal structures in their society. Therefore, this research will highlight these female characters’ silence. To reach the stated objective, the researcher will rely heavily on Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s perspective on the subaltern voices and their inability to speak. The main focus will be on male dominance as a reason of females’ submissive character.
Résumé
Les Enfants du Nouveau Monde (1962) d'Assia Djebar est un exemple de roman qui illustre deux catégories différentes de personnages féminins Algériens : audacieux et soumis. La présente étude tente donc d'identifier le groupe de personnages féminins qui est conscients de leur infériorité par rapport aux hommes mais qui ne peuvent pas se libérer du carcan du patriarcat. Leur inaction est le résultat de leur certitude que leurs voix ne seront pas entendues en raison des structures coloniales et patriarcales de leur société. Cette recherche mettra donc en lumière le silence de ces personnages féminins. Pour atteindre l'objectif annoncé, le chercheur s'appuiera fortement sur le point de vue de Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak sur les voix subalternes et leur incapacité à parler. L'accent sera mis sur la domination masculine comme raison du caractère soumis des femmes.
Review of Le Roman Algérien Contemporain : Nouvelles postures, nouvelles approches. Edited by Latifa SARI M. et Lynda Nawel TEBBANI and Discours, espaces et médiations face à la mondialité. Regards croisés. Edited by Latifa SARI M.
Authors: BAGHLI BERBAR Souad 
Published: February 2023

Latifa SARI M. et Lynda Nawel TEBBANI (Eds). Le Roman Algérien Contemporain : Nouvelles postures, nouvelles approches. Oran: Dar El Izza, 2021. ISBN: 978-9947-32-242-0. 321 pages.
Latifa SARI MOHAMMED (Ed). Discours, espaces et médiations face à la mondialité. Regards croisés. Alger: Manchourat El-Hibr, 2021. ISBN: 978-9931-774-11-2. 317 pages.
MEASURE OFF TERMITES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN VARIOUS OILPALM TYPOLOGY IN TULANG BAWANG DISTRICT, LAMPUNG PROVINCE
Authors: Lismaini Lismaini 
Published: February 2023

The study was conducted in oilpalm land in Tiuh Tohou Village, Menggala, Tulang Bawang District of Lampung Province.Â This research aimed to measure off diversity and abundance in various oilpalm typologies in Tulang Bawang District, to study the relative abundanceof termites was highest in various oilpalm typology in Tulang Bawang and to find out the influence of environmental factors on termites diversity . The termites were sampled using the transect method.Â Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD test at 5% level of significance.Â Six termites genera were found acroos five typologies of oilpalm (old oilpalm, young oil palm, shrub/grass, cassava and swamp land), i.e. Globitermes, Odontetermes, Macrotermes, Hypotermes, Schedorhinotermes and Bulbitermes.Â However, it was estimated that three more other genera would be found if the number of samples (typology) was increase (extrapolated).Â There were differences in the diversity of termites accros oilpalm typologies (five genera in old oilpalam, four genera in young oilpalm, two genera in cassava, and only one genus in shrub/grass.Â The relative abundanceof termites was highest in the old oilpalm (18 counts), followed by young oilpalm (14 counts), cassava (5 counts) and shrub/grass (3 counts).Â The ranking of termites relative abundance had an exponential pattern, with Macrotermes and Bulbitermes being the most and the least abundance genera, respectively. Environmental factor that effect the richness of the termite genus are humidity, wood volume and litter weightand environmental factor that effect distribution and frequency of termite findings are influenced by frequency of termite findings are influenced by the level of canopy cover, humidity, wood volume, litter weight and litter organic C.
Establishing the effect of service tipping on the learning and growth performance of hotels in Kenya based on the balanced score card perspective
Authors: Mugambi Nathan Mwamba , Muhanji Stella , Kipchumba Simon 
Published: February 2023

This study sought to establish the effect of service tipping on the learning and growth performance of hotels in Kenya based on the Balanced Score Card Perspective. The study adopted a mixed-method including descriptive survey and predictive correlation research designs targeting 183 star rated hotels in Kenya. Data collection was mainly done through physical dropping of the questionnaires by research assistants to hotels around towns and by mail, especially to hotels inaccessible either in towns or away from towns. The study was conducted in a period of one month using structured questionnaires. The study used the drop-and-pick procedure for the required data collection, whereas some of the questionnaires were mailed to the respondents. In addition, the study uses descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviation and percentages and inferential statistics using Regression Analysis. This study concluded that the service tipping statistically and significantly influenced the learning performance of the star-rated hotels in Kenya. Therefore, the study recommended that the hotel owners should also see service tipping as a performance opportunity rather than revenue leakage, just as the findings from this study have statistically proved it. This should make them invest in Service Tipping to motivate the employees, who in turn will offer superior services that attract customers leading to the desired satisfaction. In addition, service tipping should be a strategy adopted by the hotels' managers to enhance their performance.
Pembelajaran Teknologi Musik sebagai Modal Kreatif untuk Terjun ke Dunia Industri Musik
Authors: Damar Pri Ario , Kharisma Hadi  
Published: February 2023

Edukasi dalam bidang seni harus mampu berkembang dan beradaptasi sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Artikel ini membahas tentang strategi dan metode pembelajaran teknologi musik di Program Studi Seni Musik Institut Kesenian Jakarta. Penulis akan memaparkan bagaimana strategi, metode, dan tujuan pembelajaran yang ada di salah satu Capaian Pembelajaran pada Program Studi Seni Musik di Institut Kesenian Jakarta. Tulisan ini bertujuan memperkenalkan dan membantu pembaca untuk mengetahui dan memahami salah satu pembekalan kreatif yang dilakukan oleh Program Studi Musik agar lulusannya mampu terserap pada bidang kerja dan industri sesuai dengan tuntutan khususnya pada bidang Seni Musik di era digital ini.
“Wanting a Supplement”: Milton and the Partial Reformation of His First Folio
Authors: Card Benjamin , Kastan David Scott 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The response to the identification of John Milton’s Shakespeare in 2019 was deservedly enthusiastic, but the excitement has perhaps resulted in some overstatement of what it tells us about Milton as a reader of Shakespeare or Milton as a textual critic. The marked-up First Folio is an unusual and noteworthy record of a reader’s engagement with the plays, but it does not tell us quite what we want it to, especially now that we know the reader was Milton. Ultimately it tells us less about his understanding of Shakespeare and his texts than about Milton’s understanding of textuality itself.