bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme rainfall events in the West African Sahel: Understanding storm development over the Damergou gap using convection‐permitting simulations in the Weather Research and Forecasting model
Authors: Vizy Edward K. , Cook Kerry H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExtreme rainfall events in the West African Sahel can be impactful, yet we do not completely understand why such storms develop. Here, we utilize NASA long‐term Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global precipitation measurement (IMERG) rainfall estimates, various atmospheric reanalyses, and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) convection‐permitting simulations to further examine the regional/local conditions that led to the development of two extreme events over the Damergou Gap of Niger/Nigeria identified in a prior study. The August 20, 2019 central Niger event is associated with the passage of a westward‐moving convective line. A strong thermal low over eastern Niger preconditions the environment by increasing the atmospheric moisture and vertical wind shear. Cold‐pool outflow boundaries generated from afternoon convection over the higher terrain ahead of the approaching line enhances convergence along the line while slowing down the system's movement, resulting in higher‐intensity rainfall for a longer time over the region. The July 19, 2001 northern Nigerian event has rainfall developing over the Jos Plateau in the afternoon. Guinean Highland ridging combined with low pressure over Niger/Chad produces a strong low‐level height gradient associated with the development of a strong southwesterly flow surge that transports tropical moisture into the region. This surge interacts with the equatorward migration of the Sahel–tropical Africa dryline, enhancing the convergence and convection north of the Jos Plateau. Our results indicate that while extreme rainfall in the Damergou Gap is likely to occur in anomalously moist environments, it is not necessarily associated with highly unstable environments (e.g., convective available potential energy [CAPE] >2,500 J·kg−1). Furthermore, interactions with cold‐pool outflow boundaries generated from other convective areas is important, and local terrain features are influential in the development of such convective areas.
Determination of Chromium in Contaminated Water Samples Using Chemically Modified Nanoadsorbent: A Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Tiwari Shelja , Lochab Amit , Jindal Kajal , Saxena Reena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the reported work, a solid phase extraction method for speciation of chromium species in contaminated industrial and river water samples has been studied by using both experimental and computational methods. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) was used as a solid phase extractant for the hyphenated preconcentration of chromium species. The characterization of the immobilized MWCNTs was done by FTIR and SEM analysis. This hyphenated system significantly improves the overall analytical performance by reducing sample consumption and sampling time. The computational results supported the experimental findings. The negative adsorption energy (−2.71 eV) suggested that the interaction process between chromium and modified nanoadsorbent is spontaneous. The system showed a limit of detection of 0.07 μg L−1 at optimized condition with an RSD value of 1.2 %. Adsorption capacity was measured using Lagergren's equation which showed that adsorption kinetics follows pseudo second‐order. The suggested method was applied to contaminated real water samples by performing spike recovery tests. The validation of the reported system was done by analysing NIST Standard Reference Material Trace Elements in Natural Water 1640a.
Benzyl‐Triazole Derivatives of Hydrazinecarbothiamide Derivatives as Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Structure‐Activity Relationship and Docking Study
Authors: Divar Masoumeh , Tadayyon Somayeh , Khoshneviszadeh Mehdi , Pirhadi Somayeh , Attarroshan Mahshid , Mobaraki Kourosh , Damghani Tahereh , Mirfazli Sara , Edraki Najmeh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSkin and hair pigmentation, skin cancer, and enzymatic browning of plants and fruits are caused by tyrosinase, a di‐copper oxidase. In the present work, we developed a novel series of substituted benzyl‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives linked to hydrazinecarbothiamide via methoxyphenyl linker and assessed them for their tyrosinase inhibitory effects in the presence of L‐dopa as substrates. The majority of the synthesized compounds inhibited tyrosinase at sub‐micromolar concentrations. Compounds with 3,4‐dichloro, 4‐fluoro, and 3‐chloro on the benzyl ring, respectively, exhibited exceptionally high potency against tyrosinase with IC50 values of 0.22, 0.22, and 0.24 μM in the presence of L‐dopa as substrates, which is significantly lower than that of kojic acid as the positive control with an IC50 value of 9.64 μM. Result of kinetic assay demonstrated mixed type of inhibition by 9 g.The experimental findings of the potent compounds with the target enzyme, tyrosinase, were corroborated by molecular docking studies. The results of the molecular docking analysis showed the presence of critical pi‐pi interactions between potent compounds and residues Phe264, and His263.
Valorization of Yellow Oleander to Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots: Theragnostic and Genotoxicity Assessment
Authors: Sarkar Suprabhat , Raghavan Akshaya , Deshpande Shruti , Nayak V. Lakshma , Misra Sunil , Sistla Ramakrishna , Ghosh Sutapa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDevelopment of useful products from toxic or hazardous waste is a unique strategy to overcome their disposal. In this work, we report the valorization of the toxic flowers of Thevetia peruviana (TP) into blue fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) with ∼6.6 % nitrogen doping from a single source of biomass without using any external dopant. The hydrophilic N‐CDs are biocompatible and show excitation‐dependent emission. Cytotoxity studies revealed the N‐CDs are selectively toxic towards the cancerous cells (DU‐145, MDA MB‐231, HepG2, and B16) but more biocompatible with normal CHO‐K1 and HEK‐293 cells. It has been observed that generation of reactive oxygen species in presence of N‐CDs cause DNA damage and the unrepaired cells undergo apoptosis in G2/M phase. To investigate the toxicity to normal cells, we further carried out in‐vitro and in‐vivo genotoxicity studies to reveal its non‐mitotoxic, non‐clastogenic, and non‐aneugenic properties.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Aryl‐Tailored Oxadiazole‐thiones as New Urease Inhibitors
Authors: Maz Tugce Gur , Caliskan H. Burak , Capan Irfan , Caliskan Burcu , Özçelik Berrin , Banoglu Erden 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ubiquitous chronic gastric infections that cause major human health disorders like gastritis and ulcers can be treated using drugs targeting the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) urease. Targeted eradication therapy is essential given the growing ineffectiveness of current treatment regimens due to broad‐spectrum antibiotic resistance, significant side effects, and low compliance. Therefore, we here report the development of a new series of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thiones with various aryl tail groups (compounds 20–27) as effective urease inhibitors. The most promising analog 5‐[(4‐methoxyphenoxy)methyl]‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thione (21) inhibited the urease activity with an IC50 value of 26.6 μM. In addition, kinetic studies revealed the competitive inhibition pattern for 21 with a Ki value of 8.72 μM indicating the potent and specific binding interactions with the urease active site. Molecular docking analysis of 21 inside the active pocket of the urease highlighted several important interactions with amino acid residues such as H492, H519 and R439, which pave the way for further development of improved urease inhibitors with potential application as anti‐infective agents.
Development of Two Efficient Dual‐Function Fluorescent Probes for Specific Recognition of Zn2+/H2S
Authors: Pu Yan‐Qing , Yu Xiang‐Zhu , Yu Mohan , Zhao Zheng‐Jia , An Yue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, two dual function fluorescent probes P1 and P2 with obvious fluorescence spectrum change were developed for the detection of Zn2+ and H2S. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the detection mechanism. A further illustration of the fluorescence quenching mechanism was also studied by 1H NMR titration and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy. Both probes are new compounds containing coumarin structure as fluorophore. They can quantitatively detect Zn2+ and H2S in the concentration range from 0 to 50 μM with excellent selectivity and anti‐interference ability over many metal ions or anions. Most worthy is that probes P1 and P2 have better cell permeability with lower cytotoxicity, which can be used for fluorescence detection in MCF‐7 cells, as well as the detection of exogenous Zn2+ in organisms.
An Unsymmetrical bis‐Imine Derivative for Solvent Dependent Rapid Optical Discrimination of Al3+, Zn2+ and OCl−: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Shyam Tandrim , Ghosh Milan , Ghosh Subhasis , Das Debasis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn unsymmetrical bis‐imine derivative (A2) selectively detect Al3+, Zn2+ and OCl− in a solvent dependent manner where Al3+ and Zn2+ emit green and blue light in DMSO−H2O media while OCl− emits green‐yellow light in aqueous ethanol. The corresponding florescence enhancements are 8.2 fold, 3.7 fold (chelation enhanced fluorescence and excited state intra‐molecular proton transfer OFF) and 10.6 fold (H‐bonding, excited state intra‐molecular proton transfer OFF) respectively. While the limit of detection (LODs) for Al3+, Zn2+ and OCl− are 49 nM, 35 nM and 74 nM respectively, the corresponding binding/ association constants are 1.79×105 M−1, 1.8×105 M−1 and 3.68×105 M−2. The results of density functional theory (DFT) studies are fairly close to that of experimental findings.
Access to Dihydroquinazolinones, spiro‐Quinazolinones and their Bioactive Molecular Scaffolds by Exploring the Unique Reactivity of 2‐Nitrobenzonitrile towards Cu‐Hydrazine Hydrate
Authors: Sahoo Subrata , Pal Shantanu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA unique reactivity of 2‐nitrobenzonitrile towards hydrazine hydrate has been demonstrated, which was explored for the rapid and efficient synthesis of dihydro‐quinazolinone derivatives. In this reaction, hydrolysis of nitriles followed by reduction of the nitro group was observed only for the ortho‐isomer. The reaction sequences involve a concerted pathway for the formation of 2‐aminobenzamide from 2‐nitrobenzonitrile, where copper catalyzed both the hydrolysis of the cyano group as well as the reduction of the nitro group simultaneously. This methodology has been used to synthesize a variety of electronically varied spiro‐ and dihydro quinazolinones with high yield and functional group tolerance. In addition, the methodology has also been applied to the synthesis of biologically potent molecular entities.
A Janus Textile Capable of Radiative Subambient Cooling and Warming for Multi‐Scenario Personal Thermal Management
Authors: Li Keqiao , Li Meng , Lin Chongjia , Liu Gongze , Li Yang , Huang Baoling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTextiles with radiative cooling/warming capabilities provide a green and effective solution to personal thermal comfort in different climate scenarios. However, developing multiple‐mode textiles for wearing in changing climates with large temperature variation remains a challenge. Here a Janus textile is reported, comprising a polyethersulfone (PES)‐Al2O3 cooling layer optically coupled with a Ti3C2Tx warming layer, which can realize sub‐ambient radiative cooling, solar warming, and active Joule heating. Owing to the intrinsically high refractive index of PES and the rational design of the fiber topology, the nanocomposite PES textile features a record high solar reflectance of 0.97. Accompanied by an infrared (IR) emittance of 0.91 in the atmospheric window, sub‐ambient cooling of 0.5–2.5 °C is achieved near noontime in humid summer under ≈1000 W m−2 solar irradiation in Hong Kong. The simulated skin covered with the textile is ≈10 °C cooler than that with white cotton. The Ti3C2Tx layer provides a high solar‐thermal efficiency of ≈80% and a Joule heating flux of 66 W m−2 at 2 V and 15 °C due to its excellent spectral selectivity and electrical conductivity. The switchable multiple working modes enable effective and adaptive personal thermal management in changing environments.
Glutamine Induced High‐Quality Perovskite Film to Improve the Efficiency of NIR Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Jianan , Tang Zhaobing , Zhou Yangzhou , Ding Shuo , Li Liang , Qian Lei , Xiang Chaoyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFormamidine lead iodide (FAPbI3) is an important material for realizing high‐performance near‐infrared light‐emitting diodes (NIR‐LEDs). However, due to the uncontrollable growth of solution‐processed films which usually causes low coverage, and poor surface morphology, the development of FAPbI3‐based NIR‐LEDs is hindered, restraining its potential industrial applications. In this work, by employing glutamine (Gln) in perovskite precursor, the quality of FAPbI3 film is improved significantly. Due to the ameliorated solution process by the organic additive, the film coverage over the substrate is substantially enhanced. Meanwhile, the trap state of grain is largely reduced. Consequently, NIR perovskite LEDs are demonstrated with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15% with the emission peak at 795 nm, which is four times higher than the device with pristine perovskite film.
Facile and Universal Defect Engineering Toward Highly Stable Carbon‐Based Polymer Brushes with High Grafting Density
Authors: Wang Zelin , Lin Xidong , Tang Youchen , Miao Dongtian , Huang Junlong , Lu Yan , Liu Shaohong , Fu Ruowen , Wu Dingcai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon‐based polymer brushes (CBPBs) are an important class of functional polymer materials, which synergistically combine the advantageous properties of both carbons and polymers. However, the conventional fabrication procedures of CBPBs involve tedious multistep modification, including preoxidation of carbon substrates, introduction of initiating groups, and subsequent graft polymerization. In this study, a simple yet versatile defect‐engineering strategy is proposed for the efficient synthesis of high‐grafting‐density CBPBs with highly stable CC linkages via free radical polymerization. This strategy involves the introduction and removal of nitrogen heteroatoms in the carbon skeletons via a simple temperature‐Fmed heat treatment, leading to the formation of numerous carbon defects (e.g., pentagons, heptagons, and octagons) with reactive C=C bonds in the carbon substrates. The as‐proposed methodology enables the facile fabrication of CBPBs with various carbon substrates and polymers. More importantly, the highly grafted polymer chains in the resulting CBPBs are tethered with the carbon skeletons by robust CC bonds, which can endure strong acid and alkali environments. These interesting findings will shed new light on the well‐orchestrated design of CBPBs and broaden their applications in various areas with fascinating performances.
A Fluorinated Supramolecular Self‐Assembled Peptide as Nanovaccine Adjuvant for Enhanced Cancer Vaccine Therapy
Authors: Jia Shaorui , Ji Shenglu , Zhao Jia , Lv Yonghui , Wang Jiayang , Sun Daqing , Ding Dan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdjuvants play an important role in enhancing vaccine‐induced immune protection. Adequate cellular uptake, robust lysosomal escape, and subsequent antigen cross‐presentation are critical steps for vaccine adjuvants to effectively elicit cellular immunity. Here, a fluorinated supramolecular strategy to generate a series of peptide adjuvants by using arginine (R) and fluorinated diphenylalanine peptide (DP) is adopted. It is found that the self‐assembly ability and antigen‐binding affinity of these adjuvants increase with the number of fluorine (F) and can be regulated by R. By comparison, 4RDP(F5) shows the strongest binding affinity with model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and the best performance in dendritic cells maturation and antigen's lysosomal escape, which contributes to the subsequent antigen cross‐presentation. As a consequence, 4RDP(F5)‐OVA nanovaccine generates a strong cellular immunity in a prophylactic OVA‐expressing EG7‐OVA lymphoma model, leading to long‐term immune memory for resisting tumor challenge. What's more, 4RDP(F5)‐OVA nanovaccine in combination with anti‐programmed cell death ligand‐1 (anti‐PD‐L1) checkpoint blockade could effectively elicit anti‐tumor immune responses and inhibit tumor growth in a therapeutic EG7‐OVA lymphoma model. Overall, this study demonstrates the simplicity and effectiveness of fluorinated supramolecular strategies for constructing adjuvants and might provide an attractive vaccine adjuvant candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
A giant phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India with new insights on phytosaur migration, endemism and extinction
Authors: Datta Debajit , Ray Sanghamitra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA new Mystriosuchinae phytosaur,Colossosuchus techniensis, is described from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India.Colossosuchusis diagnosed by multiple apomorphies, including a strongly downturned terminal rosette (c. 70°), closely spaced mediolateral band‐like ornamentation on dorsal surface of the nasal, dorsolaterally oriented supratemporal fenestra, ventrolaterally inclined postorbital–squamosal bars depressed below the skull table, dorsally convex parietal–squamosal bar that descends ventrolaterally below the skull roof, dome‐shaped skull in lateral view, prominent neural arch laminae and fossae, three sacral vertebrae, robust proximal end of the tibia, and fibula with high anteroposterior flaring of the distal end. The total body length of the largest individual recovered from the bonebed is estimated to be more than 8 m, suggesting thatColossosuchusis one of the largest phytosaurs known. Phylogenetic analysis nestsColossosuchusand other undescribed specimens from India within Mystriosuchinae. These form a distinct clade and represent the earliest record of endemism among Gondwanan phytosaurs. This clade is recovered as sister taxa to ((Volcanosuchus + Rutiodon) + Leptosuchomorpha), where the depressed supratemporal fenestra first appeared in the phytosaur lineage, a feature previously used to diagnose the derived leptosuchomorphs. Early‐diverging phytosaur diversification may have coincided with the final stages of the Carnian Pluvial Event with their possible migratory routes along the circum‐Tethyan coastline. The lineage continued to evolve mostly through endemic radiations and experienced an extinction event during early Norian, which marked the disappearance of most of the non‐leptosuchomorph taxa. This is attributed to post‐CPE aridification, although more study is required.
Chromatographic separation of saponin glycosides from roots of Asparagus racemosus (Wild.) using a modified approach
Authors: Modha Akshay , Tiwari Priti , Patel Samir , Gamit Kanan , Raval Manan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAsparagus racemosus (Wild.) (Family: Liliaceae) is extensively used as lactogenic, and the presence of saponin glycosides was found to be responsible for the biological activity. The studies were performed to isolate saponin glycosides from bioactive n‐butanol fraction of methanolic extract prepared from Asparagus racemosus; through a combined application of alumina‐based vacuum column chromatography and silica gel‐based open column chromatography. The process yielded two steroidal saponins, and the comparative spectral studies of the purified saponins revealed them to be shatavarin‐IV and asparanin‐A. This modified and comparatively simple approach for the separation of shatavarin‐IV and asparanin‐A from the roots of Asparagus racemosus is the first report on the isolation of asparanin‐A from Asparagus racemosus using the conventional column chromatography method. The isolated compounds may serve as standards for ensuring the quality of raw materials.
Teaching the Nation(s): A Duoethnography on Affect and Citizenship in a Content‐BasedEAPProgram
Authors: Morgan Brian , Ahmed Anwar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe plurality of nation in this title foregrounds the challenge of teaching a geopolitical entity whose survival depends on building emotional ties of belonging. These ties can be problematic in diverse societies in which collective identities compete for recognition. In Canada, nationhood tied to language and culture is claimed by French‐speaking Quebecers; it is also invoked by many Western‐Canadian politicians to express a growing alienation from Eastern Canada's perceived socio‐economic dominance. In Canada's constitution, the term First Nations represents the indigenous peoples who are the country's original inhabitants. In this context, teaching the nation(s) is indeed challenging. In response, the authors adopt duoethnography as both research methodology and pedagogy in their content‐based English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses. They first explore their experiences and emotional attachments to nationhood, reflecting on their influences on teaching around language and citizenship. They then provide two EAP assignments as examples: The first is a course assignment in which students critically examine hyphenated national identities through duoethnographic inquiry. The second is called the Get Involved project, which examines service learning and citizenship. Both examples demonstrate the importance of critical affective literacies to expand the pedagogical repertoires of EAP teachers and students in a time of resurgent nationalism.