bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution quantification of building stock using multi‐source remote sensing imagery and deep learning
Authors: Bao Yi , Huang Zhou , Wang Han , Yin Ganmin , Zhou Xiao , Gao Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, urbanization has led to an increase in building material stock. The high‐resolution quantification of building stock is essential to understand the spatial concentration of materials, urban mining potential, and sustainable urban development. Current approaches rely excessively on statistics or survey data, both of which are unavailable for most cities, particularly in underdeveloped areas. This study proposes an end‐to‐end deep‐learning model based on multi‐source remote sensing data, enabling the reliable estimation of building stock. Ground‐detail features extracted from optical remote sensing (ORS) and spatiotemporal features extracted from nighttime light (NTL) data are fused and incorporated into the model to improve accuracy. We also compare the performance of our feature‐fusion model with that of an ORS‐only regression model and traditional NTL regression for Beijing. The proposed model yields the best building‐stock estimation, with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.69, weighted root mean square error of 0.58, and total error in the test set below 14%. Using gradient‐weighted class activation mapping, we further investigate the relationship between ORS features and building‐stock estimation. Our model exhibits reliable predictive capability and illustrates the tremendous value of the physical environment for estimating building stock. This research illustrates the significant potential of ORS and deep learning for stock estimation. Large‐scale, long‐term building‐stock investigations could also benefit from the end‐to‐end predictability and the data availability of the model.
Translation and validation of the Hindi‐Indian version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale‐Revised
Authors: Tiwari Surya Kant , Murry Levis , Joshi Poonam , Tallanao Thuileiphy , Zined Rubi , Hollins Martin Caroline J. , Martin Colin R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimCritical to maternal outcome and development of a healthy and relationship between mother and baby, is the woman's perception of her birth experience. The Birth Satisfaction Scale‐Revised (BSS‐R) has been demonstrated to be psychometrically robust, easily administered, and scored self‐report measure of birth experience. Aim of the study was to translate the UK‐BSS‐R into Hindi, collect data, and psychometrically validate an Indian (Hindi)‐BSS‐R.MethodsPsychometric assessment of the Indian (Hindi)‐BSS‐R was undertaken following translation using a cross‐sectional design. Evaluation of known‐groups validity was undertaken using an embedded between‐subjects component. Data were collected from (n = 312) postnatal Hindi speaking women in India. Measurement characteristics were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, divergent validity and internal consistency analysis.ResultsThe measurement properties of the Indian (Hindi)‐BSS‐R were observed to be equivocal, with the established tri‐dimensional measurement model not achieving best fit to data. Instead, an alternative two‐factor model offered an excellent fit to data. Significant differences were observed between Indian (Hindi)‐BSS‐R scores and family type and gestation term status, which highlights the relevance of these contextual aspects to the Indian birth experience. Internal consistency was observed to be low on some sub‐scales, indicating the potential need for future revision.ConclusionsThe Indian (Hindi)‐BSS‐R is a measure of birth experience, which accepting some measurement caveats, is acceptable for use with Hindi speaking women in India. Further research is required to determine if modification of some of the items is required to improve internal consistency.
Predictive factors for vaginal delivery by induction of labor in uncomplicated pregnancies at 40–41 gestational weeks: A Japanese prospective single‐center cohort study
Authors: Hosoya Satoshi , Maeda Yuto , Ogawa Kohei , Umehara Nagayoshi , Ozawa Nobuaki , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimWe investigated cervical parameters predictive of vaginal delivery in elective labor induction among women at 40–41 gestational weeks.MethodsThis Japanese prospective single‐center cohort study was conducted between July 2019 and June 2020. We enrolled women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy who underwent labor induction at 40–41 gestational weeks. We analyzed background characteristics and cervical parameters, including Bishop score, cervical length, posterior cervical angle, and changes in cervical parameters before and after cervical dilatation. The endpoint was the rate of vaginal delivery.ResultsOf 142 eligible participants, all 24 multiparous women underwent vaginal delivery. Among the nulliparous women (n = 118), the following categories showed significantly higher rates of vaginal delivery: Bishop scores of ≥6 before and after dilatation, compared with Bishop score <6 (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]; 1.58 [1.17–2.13] and 1.56 [1.13–2.14], respectively) and cervical length of <10 and 10–20 mm before dilation, compared with cervical length of >30 mm (aPR [95% CI]; 1.47 [1.00–2.15] and 2.13 [1.42–3.18], respectively). The posterior cervical angle and other background characteristics showed no significant associations. Furthermore, women with cervical lengths of ≥20 mm before and <20 mm after dilatation showed a higher rate of vaginal delivery, compared to cervical length of ≥20 mm even after dilatation (aPR [95% CI]; 1.95 [1.19–3.20]).ConclusionsHigh Bishop score, short cervical length, and changes in cervical length with dilatation are potential independent predictors of vaginal delivery following elective labor induction in nulliparous women at 40–41 gestational weeks.
Optimal flow volume measurements in forearm versus arm arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Yii Erwin , Lee Limi , Polkinghorne Kevan , Thwaites Stephen , Saunder Alan , Yii Ming Kon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesSuccessful haemodialysis is dependent on optimal arteriovenous (AV) access flow. Although 600 ml/min is frequently quoted as the critical level for functional flow volume (Qa) according to the National Kidney Foundation guideline, this may not be applicable for the different configurations of AV fistulas (AVF) or AV grafts (AVG). This study evaluates ultrasound derived Qa measurement in the inflow brachial artery to autologous AVF in the forearm radiocephalic and arm brachiocephalic/basilic configurations in relation to significant flow related AV dysfunction.MethodsFive hundred and eleven duplex ultrasound (DUS) scans were analysed in 193 patients. The end points were therapeutic intervention and/or thrombosis of AVF versus no complication within 3 months of the scan. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal threshold Qa of the brachial artery supplying the AVF.ResultsOf the 511 scans, 155 scans were assigned to the intervention group, that is, AVF requiring intervention or thrombosing within 3 months of the DUS. Using ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for all AVF is 0.90 (CI: 0.88–0.93) with an optimal threshold Qa of 686 ml/min. In forearm AVF, the threshold Qa is 589 ml/min while in arm AVF the threshold Qa is 877 ml/min. Forearm Qa is statistically different from arm Qa.ConclusionForearm AVF Qa threshold at 589 ml/min is distinct from arm AVF Qa at 877 ml/min and these are predictive of the need for impending intervention or thrombosis due to flow‐limiting stenosis.
Machine Learning Non-Reciprocity of a Linear Waveguide With a Local Nonlinear, Asymmetric Gate: Case of Strong Coupling
Authors: Wang C. , Mojahed A. , Tawfick S. , Vakakis A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study nonreciprocity in a passive linear waveguide augmented with a local asymmetric, dissipative, and strongly nonlinear gate. Strong coupling between the constituent oscillators of the waveguide is assumed, resulting in broadband capacity for wave transmission. The local nonlinearity and asymmetry at the gate can yield strong global nonreciprocal acoustics, in the sense of drastically different acoustical responses depending on which side of the waveguide a harmonic excitation is applied. Two types of highly nonreciprocal responses are observed: (i) Monochromatic responses without frequency distortion compared to the applied harmonic excitation, and (ii) strongly modulated responses (SMRs) with strong frequency distortion. The complexification averaging (CX-A) method is applied to analytically predict the monochromatic solutions of this strongly nonlinear problem, and a stability analysis is performed to study the governing bifurcations. In addition, we build a machine learning framework where neural net (NN) simulators are trained to predict the performance measures of the gated waveguide in terms of certain transmissibility and nonreciprocity measures. The NN drastically reduces the required simulation time, enabling the determination of parameter ranges for desired performance in a high-dimensional parameter space. In the predicted desirable parameter space for nonreciprocity, the maximum transmissibility reaches 40%, and the transmitted energy varies by up to three orders of magnitude depending on the direction of wave transmission. The machine learning tools along with the analytical methods of this work can inform predictive designs of practical nonreciprocal waveguides and acoustic metamaterials that incorporate local nonlinear gates.
Delay Effects in the Dynamics of Human Controlled Towing of Vehicles
Authors: Szaksz Bence , Stepan Gabor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA simplified mechanical model of vehicle towing is constructed. The towing procedure is modeled by means of two blocks connected with a linear spring that represents the elastic drawbar. The driver in the towing car controls the velocity of towing, while the driver of the towed vehicle tries to maintain a constant tension in the drawbar. Both control forces are subjected to a constant time delay that represents the reaction time of the operators. Utilizing the translational symmetry of the system, Routh reduction is carried out to make the governing equations as compact as possible. Stability charts are constructed in the space of the control parameters and the fastest decay of signals is identified. As time delay increases, the stable domain disappears and reappears periodically. Guidelines are provided for the design of the elasticity of the drawbar, which takes into account the masses of the vehicles and the average reaction time of the drivers.
Variational Principles for the Trajectory Tracking Control of Underactuated Mechanical Systems
Authors: Bodor Bálint , Bencsik László 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRobotics is undergoing dynamic progression with the spread of soft robots and compliant mechanisms. The mechanical models describing these systems are underactuated, having more degrees-of-freedom than inputs. The trajectory tracking control of underactuated systems is not straightforward. The solution of the inverse dynamics is not stable in all cases, as it only considers the actual state of the system. Therefore employing the advances of optimal control theory is a reasonable choice. However, the real-time application of these is challenging as the solution to the discretized optimization problems is numerically expensive. This paper presents a novel iterative approach to solving nonlinear optimal control problems. The authors first define the iteration formula after which the obtained equations are discretized to prepare the numerical solution, contrarily to the accessible works in the literature having reverse order. The main idea is to approximate the cost functional with a second-order expansion in each iteration step, which is then extremized to get the subsequent approximation of the optimum. In the case of nonlinear optimal control problems, the process leads to a sequence of time-variant linear–quadratic regulator (LQR) problems. The proposed technique was effectively applied to the trajectory tracking control of a flexible rotational-rotational joint (RR) manipulator. The case study showed that the initialization of the iteration is simple, and the convergence is rapid.
Reliability of Fitness Assessments in Children With Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties
Authors: Almarjawi Ashley C. , Wright Kemi E. , Buist Brett D. , Cairney John , Ton Tony T. , Furzer Bonnie J. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Examine the reliability of field-based fitness assessments in school-aged children with emotional or behavioral difficulties (EBD). Understanding the impact of fitness on physical activity participation for children with EBD is limited by our ability to reliably measure it. Methods: Fifteen children aged 7–12 years with EBD completed 7 assessments—standing broad jump, overhead throw, grip strength, isometric plank hold, isometric wall squat, unilateral heel raise, and modified 6-minute walk test—in a random order on 2 separate occasions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to evaluate reliability. Results: ICCs ranged from .65 to .99 representing moderate to excellent reliability for all assessments. Shorter assessments requiring less attention and behavior regulation tended to demonstrate higher ICC values while assessments with greater attention or behavioral regulation demands tended to have lower ICC values. Conclusion: Results demonstrate varied reliability for fitness tests in children with EBD. Practitioners can use grip strength and standing broad jump assessments with confidence. Other assessments have good reliability but greater variability indicating they may be a challenge for some children with EBD.
Perstraction of Heat-Stable Salts from Aqueous Alkanolamine Solutions
Authors: Kostyanaya M. I. , Yushkin A. A. , Bakhtin D. S. , Legkov S. A. , Bazhenov S. D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Amine absorption processes designed to remove acid gases from gas streams generally face a major challenge of solvent degradation. This degradation leads to the formation of heat-stable salts (HSS), corrosive agents that irreversibly bind free alkanolamine. The present study proposes, for the first time, a method for HSS perstraction using a liquid–liquid membrane contactor that allows HSS to transfer through porous membranes from the solvent into a hydrophobic extractant represented by a methyltrioctylammonium solution in 1-octanol. The perstraction provides selective extraction of HSS anions without direct mixing of liquid phases or the formation of stable emulsions of the solvent and the extractant. For this purpose, a number of industrial and laboratory porous membrane samples fabricated from polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, and polysulfone were investigated. Their chemical and morphological stability, surface properties, and transport properties were tested under prolonged (>600 h) contact with a model solvent (an aqueous monoethanolamine solution) and with the components of the selective extractant. The feasibility of HSS perstraction was demonstrated using the formic acid (as an HSS model) extraction from the model solvent. The most promising results were obtained for a system with a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane: up to 50% of formic acid was extracted over 18 h.
An interpretable model predicts visual outcomes of no light perception eyes after open globe injury
Authors: Meng Xiangda , Wang Qihua , Chen Song , Zhang Shijie , Yu Jinguo , Li Haibo , Chen Xinkang , Wang Zhaoyang , Yu Wenzhen , Zheng Zhi , Zhou Heding , Luo Jing , Wang Zhiliang , Chen Haoyu , Wu Nan , Hu Dan , Chen Suihua , Wei Yong , Cui Haibin , Song Huping , Chen Huijin , Wang Yun , Zhong Jie , Chen Zhen , Zhang Haokun , Yang Tiantian , Li Mengxuan , Liu Yuanyuan , Dong Xue , Du Mei , Wang Xiaohong , Yao Xuyang , Lin Haotian , Li Mulin Jun , Yan Hua 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe visual outcome of open globe injury (OGI)-no light perception (NLP) eyes is unpredictable traditionally. This study aimed to develop a model to predict the visual outcomes of vitrectomy surgery in OGI-NLP eyes using a machine learning algorithm and to provide an interpretable system for the prediction results.MethodsClinical data of 459 OGI-NLP eyes were retrospectively collected from 19 medical centres across China to establish a training data set for developing a model, called ‘VisionGo’, which can predict the visual outcome of the patients involved and compare with the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS). Another 72 cases were retrospectively collected and used for human–machine comparison, and an additional 27 cases were prospectively collected for real-world validation of the model. The SHapley Additive exPlanations method was applied to analyse feature contribution to the model. An online platform was built for real-world application.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of VisionGo was 0.75 and 0.90 in previtrectomy and intravitrectomy application scenarios, which was much higher than the OTS (AUC=0.49). VisionGo showed better performance than ophthalmologists in both previtrectomy and intravitrectomy application scenarios (AUC=0.73 vs 0.57 and 0.87 vs 0.64). In real-world validation, VisionGo achieved an AUC of 0.60 and 0.91 in previtrectomy and intravitrectomy application scenarios. Feature contribution analysis indicated that wound length-related indicators, vitreous status and retina-related indicators contributed highly to visual outcomes.ConclusionsVisionGo has achieved an accurate and reliable prediction in visual outcome after vitrectomy for OGI-NLP eyes.
Experiences of group-based cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative study
Authors: Latocha Kristine Marie , Løppenthin Katrine , Jennum Poul , Christensen Robin , Østergaard Mikkel , Esbensen Bente Appel 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, with a prevalence of insomnia disorders in up to 70%. Patients’ experiences of participating in group-based cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) are sparsely explored, and CBT-I has not been evaluated in patients with RA until now. Therefore, the aim was to explore patients’ experiences of CBT-I and how the components of CBT-I were incorporated in sleep management.DesignWe conducted a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. The interview guide was developed based on CBT-I, with questions that explicitly explored the participants’ experiences of sleep education and the behavioural components of CBT-I.SettingInterviews were conducted one-to-one at Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen.ParticipantsPatients with RA who had received CBT-I as intervention in a randomised controlled trial (N=11). The analysis was based on a reflexive thematic method.ResultsFive themes were identified (1)When knowledge contributes to an altered perception of sleep, referring to the reduced misperception and increased motivation that followed sleep education, (2)Overcoming habits and perceptions to accelerate sleep onset, referring to barriers related to sleep behaviour and how stimulus control enabled them to find meaningful behaviour, (3)The sleep window of challenges in learning how to sleep rightreferring to that payoff from sleep restriction did not come easily or by magic, and commitment gave them confidence to continue, (4)Relaxation becomes a behavioural habit and goes beyond sleep, referring to a means to achieve a relaxed body and mind and how they thereby coped better with RA-related symptoms and (5)Break the cycle and regain controlreferring to how trust in one’s own accomplishment was crucial to reducing worrying.ConclusionThe process towards eliminating insomnia was a bodily experience and involved a changed mindset that resulted in an alteration of behaviour and cognitions.
Multimodal prehabilitation for major surgery in elderly patients to lower complications: protocol of a randomised, prospective, multicentre, multidisciplinary trial (PREHABIL Trial)
Authors: Beilstein Christian M , Krutkyte Gabija , Vetsch Thomas , Eser Prisca , Wilhelm Matthias , Stanga Zeno , Bally Lia , Verra Martin , Huber Markus , Wuethrich Patrick Y , Engel Dominique 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe global volume of surgery is growing and the population ageing, and economic pressure is rising. Major surgery is associated with relevant morbidity and mortality. Postoperative reduction in physiological and functional capacity is especially marked in the elderly, multimorbid patient with low fitness level, sarcopenia and malnutrition. Interventions aiming to optimise the patient prior to surgery (prehabilitation) may reduce postoperative complications and consequently reduce health costs.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, multidisciplinary, prospective, 2-arm parallel-group, randomised, controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment. Primary outcome is the Comprehensive Complications Index at 30 days. Within 3 years, we aim to include 2×233 patients with a proven fitness deficit undergoing major surgery to be randomised using a computer-generated random numbers and a minimisation technique. The study intervention consists of a structured, multimodal, multidisciplinary prehabilitation programme over 2–4 weeks addressing deficits in physical fitness and nutrition, diabetes control, correction of anaemia and smoking cessation versus standard of care.Ethics and disseminationThe PREHABIL trial has been approved by the responsible ethics committee (Kantonale Ethikkomission Bern, project ID 2020-01690). All participants provide written informed consent prior to participation. Participant recruitment began in February 2022 (10 and 8 patients analysed at time of submission), with anticipated completion in 2025. Publication of the results in peer-reviewed scientific journals are expected in late 2025.Trial registration numberNCT04461301.
Young athlete’s growing heart: sex differences in cardiac adaptation to exercise training during adolescence
Authors: Forså Marianne Inngjerdingen , Bjerring Anders W , Haugaa Kristina H , Smedsrud Marit Kristine , Sarvari Sebastian I , Landgraff Hege W , Hallén Jostein , Edvardsen Thor 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAthlete’s heart is a condition of exercise-induced cardiac remodelling. Adult male endurance athletes more often remodel beyond reference values. The impact of sex on remodelling through adolescence remains unclear. Paediatric reference values do not account for patient sex or exercise history. We aimed to study the effect of sex on cardiac remodelling throughout adolescence.MethodsWe recruited 76 male (M) and female (F) 12-year-old cross-country skiers in a longitudinal cohort study. Echocardiography was performed and analysed according to guidelines at age 12 (48 M, 28 F), 15 (34 M, 14 F) and 18 (23 M, 11 F). Repeated echocardiographic measurements were analysed by linear mixed model regression.ResultsMales displayed greater indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LV EDVi) from age 12 (M 81±7 vs F 76±7, mL/m², p≤0.01), and progressed further until follow-up at age 18 (M 2.3±9.7 vs F −3.9±4.5 ΔmL/m², p≤0.01). LV EDVi remained above adult upper reference values in both groups. Males increased LV Mass Index from age 12 to 18 (M 33±27 vs F 4±19, Δg/m², p≤0.01). Males displayed LV mass above paediatric reference values at ages 15 and 18. A subset of males (35%) and females (25%) displayed wall thickness above paediatric reference values at age 12. Cardiac function was normal. There was no sex difference in exercise hours.ConclusionSex-related differences in athlete’s heart were evident from age 12, and progressed throughout adolescence. Remodelling beyond reference values was more frequent than previously reported, particularly affecting males. Age, sex and exercise history may assist clinicians in distinguishing exercise-induced remodelling from pathology in adolescents.