bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A polarization‐insensitive metamaterial absorber for moisture‐sensing applications of agriculture products
Authors: Singh Harbinder , Sharma Atipriya , Gupta Amit , Singhal Ankur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates the metamaterial absorbance and sensing applications of a novel wheel‐shaped resonator with triangular spokes. Electromagnetic simulation software, CST Microwave Studio, is used to investigate the numerical results before experimental verification. The proposed absorber exhibits perfect absorption properties at 10.42 GHz, with an absorbability of 99.85%. The designed sensor has been tested for estimating the moisture content of agricultural products, specifically almond kernels. The proposed prototype exhibits an excellent figure of merit and high sensitivity of 58.14 and 11.29 GHz/moisture content percentage, respectively. Additionally, the resonant peak of the sensor shifts by approximately 430 MHz when there is a 4% incremental alteration in the moisture content of the analyzed test sample. The designed sensor shows a high linearity in detecting small variations in moisture level, making it a favorable choice for sensing applications due to its compact size and flat shape.
No Increased Mercury Release from Dental Restorations at 1.5T, 3T, or 7T MRI
Authors: Burkett Brian J. , Rasmussen Chad M. , Fillmore W. Jonathan , McDonald Jennifer S. , McDonald Robert J. , Fagan Andrew J. , Erdahl Sarah A. , Eckdahl Steven J. , Welker Kirk M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeDental amalgam contains mercury and is commonly used in dental restorations. The impact of MRI on mercury excretion from dental amalgam is not well understood across clinical field strengths, especially 7T. We investigated the effects of MRI exposure on mercury excretion using fresh, lab‐created dental amalgam restorations and in extracted teeth with old, pre‐existing restorations.MethodsDonated, unfilled human teeth (n = 120) were restored with amalgam before being stored in saline, artificial saliva, or a dry box prior to MRI scanning. The teeth were placed in individual tubes of fresh artificial saliva and scanned at 1.5T, 3T, or 7T or left unscanned as controls. Mercury concentrations were measured 24–30 h later. Donated teeth with pre‐existing restorations (n = 40) were stored in artificial saliva, scanned at 7T or left unscanned as controls, and mercury concentration tested.ResultsFor teeth extracted and restored in a laboratory, no significant difference was found (F = 2.42, P = 0.072) between mean mercury concentrations of unscanned teeth (13.72 μg/L) and teeth scanned at 1.5T (10.88 μg/L), 3T (12.65 μg/L), or 7T (8.88 μg/L). For teeth extracted with previously placed restorations, no significant difference (P = 0.288) was found between unscanned controls (4.28 μg/L) and teeth scanned at 7T (6.63 μg/L).ConclusionMRI of dental amalgam does not significantly increase mercury excretion at 1.5T, 3T, or 7T compared to unscanned teeth. This holds true for controlled laboratory restorations as well as for those placed and lived with prior to extraction and scanning, demonstrating no added risk to the clinical patient or research subject.
MiR‐484 promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in mice via downregulation of Sorbs2
Authors: Jia Yinzhao , Pan Hao , Liu Jing , Huang Tiezeng , Han Ke , Mei Qiaojuan , Zeng Ling , Zhou Jinzhao , Zhang Yong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveMicroRNA 484 (miR‐484) plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of different diseases and is typically described as a mitochondrial regulator. Whether miR‐484 is involved in lipid metabolism or exerts a role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remains unclear.MethodsmiR‐484 levels were examined in the livers of male mice fed a high‐fat diet and in hepatocytes treated with free fatty acids. Sorbin and SH3 structural domain‐containing protein 2 (Sorbs2) were identified as a novel target of miR‐484 by sequencing mRNA in the livers of miR‐484 knockout mice. Sorbs2 liver‐specific knockdown mice were constructed by tail vein injection of adeno‐associated virus vector to miR‐484 knockout mice. In addition, genetic manipulation of SORBS2 was performed in human hepatocyte lines, mouse primary hepatocytes, and the liver.ResultsSerum and hepatic miR‐484 levels are upregulated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mice. miR‐484 knockdown ameliorated hepatocyte steatosis, whereas miR‐484 overexpression increased hepatocyte lipid load. miR‐484 knockdown‐mediated alleviation of hepatic steatosis, liver injury, inflammation, and apoptosis was compromised after high‐fat diet‐induced knockdown of Sorbs2 in mouse liver and free fatty acid‐induced primary mouse hepatocytes.ConclusionsThese results identify Sorbs2‐mediated mitochondrial β‐oxidation and apoptosis that promote miR‐484 knockdown‐mediated remission of hepatic steatosis.image
Trends in the burden of most common obesity‐related cancers in 16 Southern Africa development community countries, 1990–2019. Findings from the global burden of disease study
Authors: Gona Philimon , Gona Clara , Ballout Suha , Mapoma Chabila , Rao Sowmya , Mokdad Ali ,   (GBD 2019 SADC BMI)
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity‐related cancers in the 16 Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries is quite prominent. The changes and time trends of the burden of obesity‐related cancers in developing countries like SADC remain largely unknown. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to assess the burden of obesity‐related cancers, (liver, esophageal, breast, prostate, colon/rectal, leukemia, ovarian, uterine, pancreatic, kidney, gallbladder/biliary tract, and thyroid cancers) in SADC countries.MethodsData from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases Study was used. Deaths extracted from vital registration, verbal autopsies and ICD codes. Cancer‐type, mortality and prevalence per 100,000 population and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and Spatio‐Temporal Gaussian process with mixed effects regression models. Annual rates of change (AROCs) between 1990 and 2019 and the corresponding UIs were calculated.ResultsThe top age‐standardized mortality rates per 100,000 in 2019 for males were leukemia, 20.1(14.4–26.4), esophageal cancer, 15.1 (11.2–19.1), and colon and rectal cancer, 10.3 (8.6–12.6). For females, breast cancer, 20.6 (16.6–25.0), leukemia, 17.1 (11.4–23.7), and esophageal cancer, 8.3 (5.5–10.7), had the leading mortality rates. For males, AROC substantial (p < 0.05) increase for kidney cancer for 11 of the countries (AROC from 0.41% to 1.24%), colon cancer for eight of the countries (from 0.39% to 0.92%), and pancreatic cancer for seven countries (from 0.26% to 1.01%). In females, AROC showed substantial increase for pancreatic cancer for 13 of the countries from (0.34%–1.67%), nine countries for kidney cancer (from 0.27% to 1.02%), seven countries each for breast cancer (0.35%–1.13%), and ovarian cancer (from 0.33% to 1.21%).ConclusionsThere is need for location‐specific and culturally appropriate strategies for better nutrition and weight control, and improved screening for all cancers. Health promotion messaging should target kidney, colon, pancreatic, and breast cancers and encourage clinically tested methods of reducing BMI such as increasing personal physical activity and adoption of effective dietary regimes.
Retinoic acids and nuclear receptor signaling in liver development: Pathogenic roles in liver diseases
Authors: Jia Wen , Bi Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) serves as a metabolic intermediate of vitamin A. It plays a crucial physiological role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic development, and immunomodulation. Once vitamin A enters the body in the form of retinol, it undergoes conversion into RA through the intestinal epithelium and liver. Subsequently, it interacts with retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors within the cell nucleus, thereby regulating gene expression. Throughout liver development, RA exerts precise temporal control, stimulating liver growth, inducing RALDH2 expression in liver somatic epithelial cells, and influencing hepatocyte differentiation. Recent studies have consistently demonstrated the indispensable connection between RA deficiency and the development of liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and liver tumors. Studying the mechanisms underlying the relationship between RA and disease can enhance our understanding and improve disease treatment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the role of RA signaling in liver development and liver diseases.
Conservative and operative management of spontaneous pneumothorax in children and adolescents: Are we abusing of CT?
Authors: Zarfati Angelo , Pardi Valerio , Frediani Simone , Aloi Ivan Pietro , Accinni Antonella , Bertocchini Arianna , Madafferi Silvia , Inserra Alessandro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNo age‐specific pediatric guidelines exist for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) in children and adolescents. Treatment remains heterogeneous and center dependent. The role of computed tomography (CT) has yet to be defined.AimsReview the management of SP in children and adolescents, with emphasis on conservative management and role of CT.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 61 consecutive patients with SP at single tertiary center. Clinical, radiological, surgical data, follow‐up, and outcomes were revised.ResultsFirst‐line management was conservative for 32 (53%) patients and operative for 29 (47%). Asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic patients managed conservatively experienced less first‐line treatment failure. Furthermore, the patients needing at least a chest drain or surgery during the follow‐up were significantly lower in the conservative group. Conservative and operative patients showed no significant differences regarding ipsilateral recurrences or contralateral occurrences. Of the 61 overall CTs performed, 14 (23%) had an impact on management. Forty‐three (70%) patients had at least a CT, in 22 (51%) the CT was positive for blebs. For 10 of these patients (45%) the presence of blebs had an impact on management. Patients with and without blebs showed no differences regarding ipsilateral recurrence, contralateral occurrences, or the need for at least a chest drain or surgery during the follow‐up.ConclusionsFirst‐line conservative management had a significantly shorter hospitalization and better outcome, with a similar incidence of recurrences. The presence of blebs at CT does not predict the risk of recurrence. The CT scan should be reserved for a small number of selected patients who have post‐VATS refractory or recurrent pneumothorax.
Optimising the colour of traps requires an insect's eye view
Authors: Santer Roger D , Allen William L 
Published: September 2023

AbstractColour is a critical property of many traps used to control or monitor insect pests, and applied entomologists continue to devote time and effort to improving colour for greater trapping efficiency. This work has often been guided by human colour perceptions, which differ greatly from those of the pests being studied. As a result, trap development can be a laborious process that is heavily reliant on trial and error. However, the responses of an insect's photoreceptors to a given trap colour can be calculated using well‐established procedures. Photoreceptor responses represent sensory inputs that drive insect behaviour, and if their relationship to insect attraction can be determined or hypothesised, they provide metrics that can guide the rational optimisation of trap colour. This approach has recently been used successfully in separate studies of tsetse flies and thrips, but could be applied to a wide diversity of pest insects. Here we describe this approach to facilitate its use by applied entomologists. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A conservative approach to leveraging external evidence for effective clinical trial design
Authors: Rigat Fabio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrior probabilities of clinical hypotheses are not systematically used for clinical trial design yet, due to a concern that poor priors may lead to poor decisions. To address this concern, a conservative approach to Bayesian trial design is illustrated here, requiring that the operational characteristics of the primary trial outcome are stronger than the prior. This approach is complementary to current Bayesian design methods, in that it insures against prior‐data conflict by defining a sample size commensurate to a discrete design prior. This approach is ethical, in that it requires designs appropriate to achieving pre‐specified levels of clinical equipoise imbalance. Practical examples are discussed, illustrating design of trials with binary or time to event endpoints. Moderate increases in phase II study sample size are shown to deliver strong levels of overall evidence for go/no‐go clinical development decisions. Levels of negative evidence provided by group sequential confirmatory designs are found negligible, highlighting the importance of complementing efficacy boundaries with non‐binding futility criteria.
Quorum Sensing Interference Assisted Therapy‐Based Magnetic Hyperthermia Amplifier for Synergistic Biofilm Treatment
Authors: Luo Zhiyuan , Shi Tingwang , Ruan Zesong , Ding Cheng , Huang Rentai , Wang Wenbo , Guo Zhao , Zhan Zeming , Zhang Yunlong , Chen Yunfeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiofilms offer bacteria a physical and metabolic barrier, enhancing their tolerance to external stress. Consequently, these biofilms limit the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial treatment. Recently, quorum sensing (QS) has been linked to biofilm's stress response to thermal, oxidative, and osmotic stress. Herein, a multiple synergistic therapeutic strategy that couples quorum sensing interference assisted therapy (QSIAT)‐mediated enhanced thermal therapy with bacteria‐triggered immunomodulation in a single nanoplatform, is presented. First, as magnetic hyperthermia amplifier, hyaluronic acid‐coated ferrite (HA@MnFe2O4) attenuates the stress response of biofilm by down‐regulating QS‐related genes, including agrA, agrC, and hld. Next, the sensitized bacteria are eliminated with magnetic heat. QS interference and heat also destruct the biofilm, and provide channels for further penetration of nanoparticles. Moreover, triggered by bacterial hyaluronidase, the wrapped hyaluronic acid (HA) decomposes into disaccharides at the site of infection and exerts healing effect. Thus, by reversing the bacterial tissue invasion mechanism for antimicrobial purpose, tissue regeneration following pathogen invasion and thermal therapy is successfully attained. RNA‐sequencing demonstrates the QS‐mediated stress response impairment. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal the excellent antibiofilm and anti‐inflammatory effects of HA@MnFe2O4. Overall, QSIAT provides a universal enhancement strategy for amplifying the bactericidal effects of conventional therapy via stress response interference.
Lack of Empathy and Dehumanisation
Authors: Camassa Manuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe final chapter addresses the topic of the lack of empathy. The idea is to see what would happen if empathy were kept outside the ethical realm. The supported claim is that this would constitute a serious deficit for morality ultimately leading to indifference and, in the worst scenario, dehumanisation and brutality. The argument is backed by an extensive analysis of the extermination camps and by an investigation on shame and on being in the presence of others conducted with suggestions stemming, i.a., from Sartre, Levinas, and Scheler.
Conclusion
Authors: Camassa Manuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractI wrote this book with the intention of making it understandable and interesting both for laypeople and for researchers from other disciplines, in the belief that the questions raised and the answers given might have significance for a larger audience than solely a philosophical one. After all, an illustration of the nature of empathy, its phenomenology and functioning, as well as its role within the ethical sphere should be an endeavour welcomed by a variety of individuals and constitute a knowledge which can be useful and fruitful in many different domains, such as the social, the psychological, but also the political and the economic. In fact, the choice of whether to encourage and develop, or, conversely, to disincentivise a culture of empathy, are questions that concern first and foremost our political and economic representatives.
Exotic field theories for (hybrid) fracton phases from imposing constraints in foliated field theory
Authors: Spieler Ryan C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fracton phases of matter are gapped phases of matter that, by dint of their sensitivity to UV data, demand non-standard quantum field theories to describe them in the IR. Two such approaches are foliated quantum theory and exotic field theory. In this paper, we explicitly construct a map from one to the other and work out several examples. In particular, we recover the equivalence between the foliated and exotic fractonic BF theories recently demonstrated at the level of operator correspondence. We also demonstrate the equivalence of toric code layers and the anisotropic model with lineons and planons to the foliated BF theory with one and two foliations, respectively. Finally, we derive new exotic field theories that provide simple descriptions of hybrid fracton phases from foliated field theries known to do so. Our results both provide new examples of exotic field theories and pave the way toward their systematic construction from foliated field theories.
(Quasi-)Hamiltonian manifolds of cohomogeneity one
Authors: Knop Friedrich , Paulus Kay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe classify compact, connected Hamiltonian and quasi-Hamiltonian manifolds of cohomogeneity one (which is the same as being multiplicity free of rank one). The group acting is a compact connected Lie group (simply connected in the quasi-Hamiltonian case). This work is a concretization of a more general classification of multiplicity free manifolds in the special case of rank one. As a result we obtain numerous new concrete examples of multiplicity free quasi-Hamiltonian manifolds or, equivalently, Hamiltonian loop group actions.
Absence of blood donors’ anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pre-storage leukoreduced red blood cell units indicates no role of passive immunity for blood recipients
Authors: Casale Maddalena , Di Girolamo Maria Grazia , Di Maio Nicoletta , Tomeo Rita , Iengo Martina , Scianguetta Saverio , Palma Teresa , Porcelli Federica , Misso Saverio , Perrotta Silverio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransfer of vaccine antibodies (Ab) from donors to recipients after transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBC) is supposed, thus affecting the recipients’ response to vaccinations. In this prospective study, SARS-CoV-2 IgG level in donors’ serum and RBC supernatant samples was assessed. Among 346 subjects, 280 were referred for hyperimmune plasma donation and 30 for whole blood donations. All units underwent pre-storage filtration, and residual plasma volume was 18±18 mL. The mean total IgG and IgM levels were 171.43 ± 48.79 and 11.43 ± 10.69 mg/dL respectively, with significant reduction after plasma depletion and filtration (IgG 5.86 ± 5.2 and IgM 1.43 ± 3.78, p < 0.05). Anti-COVID-19 Ab were identified in serum of 28/30 (93.5%) blood donors but were absent in all blood units. The mean value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG level in donors’ serum samples and in RBC units was 8.80 S/C (range 0.01–23.4) and 0.11 (range 0.01–0.37) S/C, respectively (p<0.05). This study shows deplasmation and leukodepletion of RBC units ensured removal of IgG content and no red blood cell unit was reactive for anti-COVID-19 antibodies even from donors with high serum titre. These findings demonstrate that deplasmated and leukodepleted RBCs are not to be considered blood products containing substantial amounts of immune globulin, and differently from other blood derived-products containing Ab, transfusions with deplasmated and leukodepleted RBCs do not require delayed vaccinations and a revision of current recommendations is requested.
Analysis of possible risk factors for the severity of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: Dékány Lea , Molnár Viktória , Molnár András , Bikov András , Lázár Zsófia , Bárdos-Csenteri Orsolya , Benedek Pálma 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) percentile, asthma, sex, and age on the paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity. Furthermore, to determine the possible predictive role of the BMI percentile and age in severe OSA.

Methods
This retrospective study included 921 children aged 2–18 years diagnosed with OSA by polysomnography. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Spearman’s correlation, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses were performed and area under the curve (AUC) was determined.

Results
We observed a significant association between a higher BMI percentile and the severity of OSA (p < 0.001, ρ = 0.15). The correlation also was significant under (p = 0.007, ρ = 0.11) and over 7 (p = 0.0002, ρ = 0.23) years of age. There was no association between the severity of OSA and the presence of asthma (p = 0.9) or sex (p = 0.891), respectively. Age was significantly related to OSA severity (p = 0.01, ρ = 0.08). Although both the BMI percentile (0.59 AUC [0.54–0.65]) and age (0.58 AUC [0.52–0.63]) predicted severe OSA, according to the sensitivity and specificity values of the ROC curve, the association presents a slight clinical relevance.

Conclusions
OSA severity is determined by the BMI percentile and age in children; however, these factors are unsuitable for predicting severe OSA in clinical practice. Based on our results, obesity is also a significant risk factor for OSA in younger children. Our study highlights that older, overweight, and obese children have a higher risk for severe OSA.
The Tichitt Culture and the Malian Lakes Region
Authors: Vernet Robert , Gestrich Nikolas , Coutros Peter R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Tichitt culture of the Ceramic Late Stone Age is known for its large settlement sites, built from dry stone walls. It is centered on the cliffs of southeastern Mauritania, but its links to the Middle Niger and the later urban developments there have long been a topic of research. This article adds a further piece of evidence linking the two regions. The available evidence for a set of stone-walled features is presented, around 300 sites of varying sizes and complexity. They lie on and around the sandstone massifs of the Malian Lakes Region. The evidence is so far tentative as no dating or material culture is available, but the sites are presented as a research priority for the future.