bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Incorporating the Impacts of Vegetation on Slope Stability
Authors: Jiang Hu , Zou Qiang , Zhou Bin , Jiang Yao , Cui Junfang , Yao Hongkun , Zhou Wentao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a physical-based approach for predicting the spatial likelihood of shallow landslides at the regional scale in a transition zone with extreme topography. Shallow landslide susceptibility study in an area with diverse vegetation types as well as distinctive geographic factors (such as steep terrain, fractured rocks, and joints) that dominate the occurrence of shallow landslides is challenging. This article presents a novel methodology for comprehensively assessing shallow landslide susceptibility, taking into account both the positive and negative impacts of plants. This includes considering the positive effects of vegetation canopy interception and plant root reinforcement, as well as the negative effects of plant gravity loading and preferential flow of root systems. This approach was applied to simulate the regional-scale shallow landslide susceptibility in the Dadu River Basin, a transition zone with rapidly changing terrain, uplifting from the Sichuan Plain to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The research findings suggest that: (1) The proposed methodology is effective and capable of assessing shallow landslide susceptibility in the study area; (2) the proposed model performs better than the traditional pseudo-static analysis method (TPSA) model, with 9.93% higher accuracy and 5.59% higher area under the curve; and (3) when the ratio of vegetation weight loads to unstable soil mass weight is high, an increase in vegetation biomass tends to be advantageous for slope stability. The study also mapped the spatial distribution of shallow landslide susceptibility in the study area, which can be used in disaster prevention, mitigation, and risk management.
A note on application of Miyazawa’s multiplier to multisector model of evolutionary economics
Authors: Yoshioka Tsutomu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to show one of the ways of introducing income distribution into the model of evolutionary economics presented by Shiozawa et al. (Microfoundations of evolutionary economics. Springer Japan, Tokyo, 2019). We use Miyazawa’s income distribution model to extend the model of evolutionary economics. An input–output model developed by Miyazawa includes the household sector as an endogenous sector. His model enables us to examine the circular flow between production, distribution, and expenditure. An increase in expenditure will induce additional production, which in turn will generate new income, and this income will stimulate consumption. Since the model developed by Shiozawa et al. (2019) and the input–output model both can analyse the production process and consider the adoption of a single production technique by a firm, Miyazawa’s model can be applied to the model of evolutionary economics. To use Miyazawa’s model, we focus on the simplest case in Shiozawa et al. (2019). This paper shows how Miyazawa’s model can be used to incorporate the impact of income distribution into the model of evolutionary economics.
Hyperparameter analysis of wide-kernel CNN architectures in industrial fault detection: an exploratory study
Authors: van den Hoogen Jurgen , Hudson Dan , Bloemheuvel Stefan , Atzmueller Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIndustrial fault detection has become more data-driven due to advancements in automated data analysis using deep learning. Such methods make it possible to extract useful features, e. g., from time series data retrieved from sensors, which is typically of complex nature. This allows for effective fault detection and prognostics that boost the efficiency and productivity of industrial equipment. This work explores the influence of a variety of architectural hyperparameters on the performance of one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (CNN). Using a multi-method approach, this paper focuses specifically on wide-kernel CNN models for industrial fault detection, that have proven to perform well for tasks such as classifying vibration signals retrieved from sensors. By varying hyperparameters such as the kernel size, stride and number of filters, an extensive hyperparameter space search was conducted; to identify optimal settings, we collected a total of 12,960 different combinations on three datasets into a model hyperparameter dataset, with their respective performance on the underlying fault detection task. Afterwards, this dataset was explored with follow-up analysis including statistical, feature, pattern and hyperparameter impact analysis. We find that although performance varies substantially depending on hyperparameter choices, there is no single simple strategy to optimise performance across the three datasets. However, an optimal setting in terms of performance can be found in the number of filters used in the later layers of the architecture for all datasets. Furthermore, hyperparameter importance differs across and within the datasets, and we found nonlinear relationships between hyperparameter settings and performance. Our analysis highlights key considerations when applying a wide-kernel CNN architecture to new data within the field of industrial fault detection. This supports practitioners who wish to apply and train state-of-the-art convolutional learning methods to apply to similar fault detection settings, e. g., vibration data arising from new combinations of sensors and/or machinery in the context of bearing faults.
Gender and remuneration in professional franchise cricket: analysing outcomes of the 2023 Indian Premier League auctions
Authors: Borooah Vani K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe amount that players are paid in professional cricket is mostly derived from salary not, as in golf and tennis, from prize money and outside endorsements. Consequently, their pay is dependent on the remuneration system in operation which, in most cases, are administered set by their employers. Such prices embody severe gender inequalities with, for example, the lowest paid man being paid more than the highest paid woman in England’s iconic Hundred competition. In contrast, in the Women’s Premier League (WPL) and the Indian Premier League (IPL) auctions, prices are determined by the market with each player’s pay being determined by the highest bidder. From a detailed analysis of data from these two auctions for December 2022 (IPL) and March 2023, I show that the market system goes some way towards ameliorating the gender inequalities embedded in administered prices. After decomposing inequality in sale prices, I show that the main driver of inequality under these auctions was not gender but whether the candidates were domestic or overseas players.
It’s my turn: empirical evidence of upstream indirect reciprocity in society through a quasi-experimental approach
Authors: Obayashi Shinya , Inaba Misato , Ohdaira Tetsushi , Kiyonari Toko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study estimated the effect of receiving help during a disaster on an individual’s subsequent cooperation for a common-pool resource. Such a chain of altruism is called generalized exchange and upstream indirect reciprocity in exchange and cooperation theories. Theoretical studies have pointed out its importance in understanding human cooperation in society. Some researchers on disaster have observed the phenomenon called “disaster area relay”, where disaster victims, having received help during the disaster they experienced, in turn, help victims of another subsequent disaster. However, there are few empirical and systematic analyses of this in actual societal events due to the causal problem. This paper attempted to overcome this problem through a quasi-experimental approach using big data. This paper focused on mutual cooperation through “Free Tank”, which is a common-pool resource in the online community called “mineo-KINGDOM”. The result of difference-in-differences estimation showed that receiving help during a disaster had a positive causal impact on subsequent cooperation for a common-pool resource and reciprocity norm. This result provides assurance that helping has a potential ripple effect on individuals’ cooperation.
Development of sandy soil properties within subtropical residential landscapes
Authors: Fox Ronald A. , Bacon Allan R. , Enloe Heather A. , Bean Eban Z. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUrbanization is homogenizing residential developments and soils across a wide climate gradient of the United States. Land development practices commonly install landscapes on low-quality compacted fill material. While previous research shows that soil quality beneath urban lawns improves over time, studies used golf courses to represent lawns or sampled across variable development and management styles. Limited data on sandy soil quality within residential landscapes in subtropical climate warranted investigation. To evaluate the effect of age on residential soil characteristics, two residential developments from Central and Southwest Florida were selected based on known lot ages up to 31 years. Soil samples (0 to 30 cm) were collected from landscape beds and lawns, along with lawn of common areas, to evaluate bulk density and organic matter over time. Though landscape beds typically require less management, soil characteristics were similar between lawns and landscape beds, suggesting similar processes. Bulk densities decreased by 22–34% and 9–20% within the upper (0–15 cm) and lower (15–30 cm) soil depths, respectively. Upper layer soil carbon accumulation rates ranged from 0.060 to 0.156 kg C m−2 yr−1, comparable to previous studies but did not exceed 0.021 kg C m−2 yr−1or were not significant for greater depths. The results of this study are representative of past chronosequence studies conducted in cooler climates with fine soil texture. Sandy soil texture and warm climate do not govern carbon sequestration rates, but instead vegetation type and landscape management practices overcome these conditions.
A fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings of wind turbine generators based on MCGAN data enhancement
Authors: Jia Zhiyuan , Yu Baojun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn view of the problems such as poor diagnostic capability and generalization ability of wind turbine generator bearing fault diagnosis methods caused by complex wind turbine generator bearing conditions and few fault samples under actual operating conditions, a wind turbine generator bearing vibration signal data enhancement method based on improved multiple fully convolutional generative adversarial neural networks (MCGAN) was proposed. Firstly, two-dimensional time-frequency features are extracted from the raw data using a Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). Secondly, by incorporating multiple CGANs of different scales and a hybrid loss function, the original GAN network was enhanced to learn the intrinsic distribution of bearing vibration signals and generate diverse vibration signals with distinct bearing fault characteristics, resulting in an expanded dataset. Finally, a comparative experiment was conducted using real wind turbine generator-bearing data. The results demonstrate that the augmented samples generated by MCGAN contain rolling bearing fault information while maintaining sample distribution and diversity. By utilizing the augmented dataset to train commonly used fault diagnostic classifiers, the diagnostic accuracy for the original vibration signals exceeds 80%, providing a theoretical basis for addressing the scarcity of fault samples in practical engineering scenarios.
Rotor-Routing Induces the Only Consistent Sandpile Torsor Structure on Plane Graphs
Authors: Ganguly Ankan , McDonough Alex 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We make precise and prove a conjecture of Klivans about actions of the sandpile group on spanning trees. More specifically, the conjecture states that there exists a unique ‘suitably nice’ sandpile torsor structure on plane graphs which is induced by rotor-routing.
First, we rigorously define a sandpile torsor algorithm (on plane graphs) to be a map which associates each plane graph (i.e., planar graph with an appropriate ribbon structure) with a free transitive action of its sandpile group on its spanning trees. Then, we define a notion of consistency, which requires a torsor algorithm to be preserved with respect to a certain class of contractions and deletions. Using these definitions, we show that the rotor-routing sandpile torsor algorithm is consistent. Furthermore, we demonstrate that there are only three other consistent algorithms on plane graphs, which all have the same structure as rotor-routing.
We also define sandpile torsor algorithms on regular matroids and suggest a notion of consistency in this context. We conjecture that the Backman-Baker-Yuen algorithm is consistent, and that there are only three other consistent sandpile torsor algorithms on regular matroids, all with the same structure.
MORE ON HALFWAY NEW CARDINAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: FARKAS BARNABÁS , KLAUSNER LUKAS DANIEL , LISCHKA MARC 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We continue investigating variants of the splitting and reaping numbers introduced in [4]. In particular, answering a question raised there, we prove the consistency of

and of

. Moreover, we discuss their natural generalisations

$\mathfrak {s}_{\rho }$

and

$\mathfrak {r}_{\rho }$

for

$\rho \in (0,1)$

, and show that

$\mathfrak {r}_{\rho }$

does not depend on

$\rho $

.
AN IMEX-BASED APPROACH FOR THE PRICING OF EQUITY WARRANTS UNDER FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTION MODELS
Authors: CHEN WENTING , JIANG XIAOYING 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the pricing of equity warrants under a class of fractional Brownian motion models is investigated numerically. By establishing a new nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) system governing the price in terms of the observable stock price, we solve the pricing system effectively by a robust implicit-explicit numerical method. This is fundamentally different from the documented methods, which first solve the price with respect to the firm value analytically, by assuming that the volatility of the firm is constant, and then compute the price with respect to the stock price and estimate the firm volatility numerically. It is shown that the proposed method is stable in the maximum-norm sense. Furthermore, a sharp theoretical error estimate for the current method is provided, which is also verified numerically. Numerical examples suggest that the current method is efficient and can produce results that are, overall, closer to real market prices than other existing approaches. A great advantage of the current method is that it can be extended easily to price equity warrants under other complicated models.
Moisture Sources of the Tohoku Heavy Rainfalls in August 2022 and the Influences of Tropical Storms
Authors: Zhao N. , Wu P. , Manda A. , Guo X. , Wang B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn August 2022, the Tohoku region of Japan suffered three major heavy rainfall events, while one was related to an anticyclone, and the others were induced by a “Baiu‐like” stationary front. By using the Lagrangian backward trajectories, we found the moisture sources of the three events varied much due to the rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. In general, moisture from the Sea of Japan contributed the most in all events, while the western Pacific also played a certain role. Surprisingly, moisture from tropical storms and the East China Sea did not contribute much due to the along‐transport precipitation. But, based on forward‐traced trajectories, we confirmed that tropical storms did enhance moisture transport from subtropical regions via their southerly wind. Overall, this study highlights the role of the moisture gains nearby and the outer flows of tropical storms during heavy rainfalls in a northern region.
Q fever immunology: the quest for a safe and effective vaccine
Authors: Sam Gayathri , Stenos John , Graves Stephen R. , Rehm Bernd H. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQ fever is an infectious zoonotic disease, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Transmission occurs from livestock to humans through inhalation of a survival form of the bacterium, the Small Cell Variant, often via handling of animal parturition products. Q fever manifests as an acute self-limiting febrile illness or as a chronic disease with complications such as vasculitis and endocarditis. The current preventative human Q fever vaccine Q-VAX poses limitations on its worldwide implementation due to reactogenic responses in pre-sensitized individuals. Many strategies have been undertaken to develop a universal Q fever vaccine but with little success to date. The mechanisms of the underlying reactogenic responses remain only partially understood and are important factors in the development of a safe Q fever vaccine. This review provides an overview of previous and current experimental vaccines developed for use against Q fever and proposes approaches to develop a vaccine that establishes immunological memory while eliminating harmful reactogenic responses.
Host phylogeny shapes viral transmission networks in an island ecosystem
Authors: French Rebecca K. , Anderson Sandra H. , Cain Kristal E. , Greene Terry C. , Minor Maria , Miskelly Colin M. , Montoya Jose M. , Wille Michelle , Muller Chris G. , Taylor Michael W. , Digby Andrew ,   Kākāpō Recovery Team, Crane Jodie , Davitt Galen , Eason Daryl , Hedman Petrus , Jeynes Bronnie , Latimer Scott , Little Sarah , Mitchell Michael , Osborne Jake , Philp Brodie , Salton Alyssa , Uddstrom Lydia , Vercoe Deidre , Webster Alex , Holmes Edward C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVirus transmission between host species underpins disease emergence. Both host phylogenetic relatedness and aspects of their ecology, such as species interactions and predator–prey relationships, may govern rates and patterns of cross-species virus transmission and hence zoonotic risk. To address the impact of host phylogeny and ecology on virus diversity and evolution, we characterized the virome structure of a relatively isolated island ecological community in Fiordland, New Zealand, that are linked through a food web. We show that phylogenetic barriers that inhibited cross-species virus transmission occurred at the level of host phyla (between the Chordata, Arthropoda and Streptophyta) as well as at lower taxonomic levels. By contrast, host ecology, manifest as predator–prey interactions and diet, had a smaller influence on virome composition, especially at higher taxonomic levels. The virus–host community comprised a ‘small world’ network, in which hosts with a high diversity of viruses were more likely to acquire new viruses, and generalist viruses that infect multiple hosts were more likely to infect additional species compared to host specialist viruses. Such a highly connected ecological community increases the likelihood of cross-species virus transmission, particularly among closely related species, and suggests that host generalist viruses present the greatest risk of disease emergence.
Scaffolding cooperation in human groups with deep reinforcement learning
Authors: McKee Kevin R. , Tacchetti Andrea , Bakker Michiel A. , Balaguer Jan , Campbell-Gillingham Lucy , Everett Richard , Botvinick Matthew 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEffective approaches to encouraging group cooperation are still an open challenge. Here we apply recent advances in deep learning to structure networks of human participants playing a group cooperation game. We leverage deep reinforcement learning and simulation methods to train a ‘social planner’ capable of making recommendations to create or break connections between group members. The strategy that it develops succeeds at encouraging pro-sociality in networks of human participants (N = 208 participants in 13 groups) playing for real monetary stakes. Under the social planner, groups finished the game with an average cooperation rate of 77.7%, compared with 42.8% in static networks (N = 176 in 11 groups). In contrast to prior strategies that separate defectors from cooperators (tested here with N = 384 in 24 groups), the social planner learns to take a conciliatory approach to defectors, encouraging them to act pro-socially by moving them to small highly cooperative neighbourhoods.
Eukaryotic-like gephyrin and cognate membrane receptor coordinate corynebacterial cell division and polar elongation
Authors: Martinez Mariano , Petit Julienne , Leyva Alejandro , Sogues Adrià , Megrian Daniela , Rodriguez Azalia , Gaday Quentin , Ben Assaya Mathildeb , Portela Maria Magdalena , Haouz Ahmed , Ducret Adrien , Grangeasse Christophe , Alzari Pedro M. , Durán Rosario , Wehenkel Anne Marie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe order Corynebacteriales includes major industrial and pathogenic Actinobacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria have multi-layered cell walls composed of the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex and a polar growth mode, thus requiring tight coordination between the septal divisome, organized around the tubulin-like protein FtsZ, and the polar elongasome, assembled around the coiled-coil protein Wag31. Here, using C. glutamicum, we report the discovery of two divisome members: a gephyrin-like repurposed molybdotransferase (Glp) and its membrane receptor (GlpR). Our results show how cell cycle progression requires interplay between Glp/GlpR, FtsZ and Wag31, showcasing a crucial crosstalk between the divisome and elongasome machineries that might be targeted for anti-mycobacterial drug discovery. Further, our work reveals that Corynebacteriales have evolved a protein scaffold to control cell division and morphogenesis, similar to the gephyrin/GlyR system that mediates synaptic signalling in higher eukaryotes through network organization of membrane receptors and the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Constitutive formulations for intrinsic anisotropy in soft electroelastic materials
Authors: Li Yali , Goulbourne Nakhiah C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInspired by biology and engineered soft active material systems, we propose a new constitutive formulation for a soft material consisting of soft contractile fibers embedded in a soft matrix. The mathematical implementation of the model is based on a multi-field invariant formulation within a nonlinear continuum mechanics framework. The coupled constitutive formulation highlights a new electromechanical coupling term that describes the intrinsic (or active) anisotropy due to the contractile units. The model demonstrates the relative role that intrinsic anisotropy plays in the overall stress response. The resulting formulation could be used to design and inspire the development of new soft material systems that seek to replicate three dimensional biological motion.