bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based attenuation map generation with simultaneously reconstructed PET activity and attenuation and low-dose application
Authors: Shi Luyao , Zhang Jiazhen , Toyonaga Takuya , Shao Dan , Onofrey John A , Lu Yihuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. In PET/CT imaging, CT is used for positron emission tomography (PET) attenuation correction (AC). CT artifacts or misalignment between PET and CT can cause AC artifacts and quantification errors in PET. Simultaneous reconstruction (MLAA) of PET activity (λ-MLAA) and attenuation (μ-MLAA) maps was proposed to solve those issues using the time-of-flight PET raw data only. However, λ-MLAA still suffers from quantification error as compared to reconstruction using the gold-standard CT-based attenuation map (μ-CT). Recently, a deep learning (DL)-based framework was proposed to improve MLAA by predicting μ-DL from λ-MLAA and μ-MLAA using an image domain loss function (IM-loss). However, IM-loss does not directly measure the AC errors according to the PET attenuation physics. Our preliminary studies showed that an additional physics-based loss function can lead to more accurate PET AC. The main objective of this study is to optimize the attenuation map generation framework for clinical full-dose 18F-FDG studies. We also investigate the effectiveness of the optimized network on predicting attenuation maps for synthetic low-dose oncological PET studies. Approach. We optimized the proposed DL framework by applying different preprocessing steps and hyperparameter optimization, including patch size, weights of the loss terms and number of angles in the projection-domain loss term. The optimization was performed based on 100 skull-to-toe 18F-FDG PET/CT scans with minimal misalignment. The optimized framework was further evaluated on 85 clinical full-dose neck-to-thigh 18F-FDG cancer datasets as well as synthetic low-dose studies with only 10% of the full-dose raw data. Main results. Clinical evaluation of tumor quantification as well as physics-based figure-of-merit metric evaluation validated the promising performance of our proposed method. For both full-dose and low-dose studies, the proposed framework achieved <1% error in tumor standardized uptake value measures. Significance. It is of great clinical interest to achieve CT-less PET reconstruction, especially for low-dose PET studies.
Effect of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method on the oil yield and fatty acid profile of Thraustochytrium multirudimentale and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Authors: Anwar S H , Muzaifa M , Asmawati  , Rozana E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method on the yield of oil and the profile of fatty acid from microalga and yeast. The microalga cultivated was identified genetically as Thraustochytrium multirudimentale MAST-1 and the yeast as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa KAST-1. The oils were extracted from dried biomass by solvents using modified Bligh and Dyer (BD) method. Before the extraction, the material underwent ultrasonication, water bath immersion, and centrifugation for biomass separation from the solvent. Extracted oils were further analyzed for compositions of fatty acid using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). An increase in the length of ultrasonication in the Bligh and Dyer method yielded a higher amount of oil. The cell walls disruption using ultrasonication for 60 minutes produced the highest oil yield. The BD’s extraction method was the best for yeast R. mucilaginosa KAST-1 with a yield of 46.3% oil, while the microalga T. multirudimentale MAST-1 gave only 20.6% oil. The fatty acids identified in the microalga oil were palmitic, stearic, oleic, elaidic and pentadecylic acid, while in yeast oil were palmitoleic, palmitic, pentadecylic, margaric, linoleic, elaidic, stearic and erucic acid. Linoleic acid as one of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was detected in yeast oil.
Application of NIRS adaptive technology for prediction of in vitro digestibility parameters of feed ingredients from Fermented Cocoa Pods
Authors: Samadi  , Fizar M , Wajizah S , Zulfahrizal Z , Munawar A A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) is an alternative method that can be applied in the evaluation of feed ingredients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro digestibility value of fermented cocoa pods using the NIRS method of feed analysis. This study used 18 samples of fermented cocoa shell waste, where the material used was fermented cocoa pod skin (KBK) then in vitro analysis was carried out. Samples were acquired spectrum by Thermo Integrative. Chemical analysis is intended to compare the data from chemical analysis and the NIRS method. The parameters analyzed were pH, dry matter digestibility (KCBK), and organic matter digestibility (KCBO). Spectrum data were processed using PLS with the pre-treatment methods of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and DeTrending (DT). Based on the analysis that has been carried out using the NIRS method with a prediction model that has been built on pH parameters, KCBK has a good predictive model with the DT pre-treatment method and KCBO has a good predictive model with the MSC method where (pH = LV: 8, r: 0 .79, R2: 0.62, RMSEC: 0.04 and RPD: 2.00; KCBK= LV: 8, r: 0.86, R2: 0.74, RMSEC: 1.30 and RPD: 2.02 ; KCBO= LV: 8, r: 0.88, R2: 0.78, RMSEC: 1.39 and RPD: 2.21). Rough predictions for pH were obtained with Non pre-treatment and MSC pre-treatment (pH and MSC = LV: 8, r: 0.74, R2: 0.55, RMSEC: 0.05, RPD 1.58) and rough predictions on KCBK were obtained with Non Preatment (KCBK=LV: 8, r: 0.83 R2:0.70, RMSEC: 1.30, and RPD 1.87).
The performance of dry spell-based index to predict agricultural drought
Authors: Ferijal T , Subhan  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study was intended to analyze dry spell-based drought index (SDI) performance in predicting agricultural drought. Agricultural drought was estimated using soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) over a monthly time-scale. The deficit in soil moisture was calculated using soil water content in soil profile predicted by SWAT model. The result indicated that SDI has poor performance in predicting agricultural drought index. However, the outcome might be explained by the low temporal resolution of soil moisture data.
Drying Kinetics of Banana ((Musa paradisiaca L.)Slices in GHE Solar Dryer
Authors: Syah H , Yusmanizar  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One of the stages of processing green bananas into flour is the drying process. The kinetics of this process needs to be studied as a step in optimizing and improving process performance. This study aimed to assess various drying models that could explain the kinetics of drying banana slices and specify the drying kinetics parameters of banana slices. The green house effect (GHE) solar dryer was used for banana slices drying. The drying data were fitted to drying models (Page, Newton, Henderson and Pabis, Verma, and Logarithmic). The coefficient of determination (COD), root square mean errors (RSME), and Chi-square (χ2) were used to assess the models’ validity. In the GHE solar dryer, the upper tray’s temperature was higher than the lower tray’s. The Logarithmic model best reflects the kinetics of drying banana slices among the evaluated models. The range of the effective moisture diffusivity was 1.190 x 10−10 - 1.673 x 10−10 m2 s−1. At 85.7073 kJ mol−1, the activation energy was determined
Solvent extraction of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) seed oil using hexane
Authors: Mauliza N P , Rosnelly C M , Satriana  , Supardan M D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of extraction time on yield, phytochemical content in the form of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and functional groups contained in amla seed oil extract. The research was conducted by extraction using hexane solvent equipped with a stirrer at a speed of 400 rpm at 60 °C for 30 and 120 minutes. The results showed that the extraction time affected the yield of amla seed oil. The highest yield was obtained by using an extraction time of 120 minutes. It can be proven by the morphological structure analysis using scanning electron microscope. Phytochemical analysis showed amla seed oil has high phenolic and flavonoid compounds at the extraction time of 120 minutes compared than 30 minutes. The results of FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) of amla seed oil with different extraction times showed the same functional group content in the form of a hydroxyl group (O-H) indicating the presence of polyphenolic compounds, a ketone group (C=O) indicating the presence of ascorbic acid compounds and an ether group (C-O) indicating the presence of ascorbic acid the presence of flavonoid compounds in amla seed oil.
Comparison of carbon content in soil and biomass in various types of sub-optimal dryland use in Aceh Besar, Indonesia
Authors: Sufardi S , Syafruddin S , Arabia T , Khairullah K , Umar HA 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to compare the content of carbon in soil and in biomass vegetation in various types of sub-optimal dryland in Aceh Besar district, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected from seven soil depths from 0 to 100 cm under 12 land uses including primary forest, secondary forest, pine forest,Eucalyptusforests, teak forest, forest shrubs, shrublands, and grasslands, mixed gardens, moorlands, rainfed rice fields, and bare lands. The measurement of plant biomass is differentiated according to the type of vegetation based on the BSN (2020) procedure [1]. The biomass of vegetations used allometric equations. The results of the study showed that the C content of the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm was higher than the C content at 30-100 cm. Carbon soil potential at the depth of 0-100 cm and biomass carbon contents in the sub-optimal dryland of Aceh Besar varies greatly between land-use types. The primary forest has the highest potential for soil carbon and biomass carbon compared to other land-use types. Soil and biomass C potentials in the primary forest were 332.28 ± 28.75 t ha-1and 241.71 ± 24.46 t ha-1(70.4%), respectively, with soil C stock of 25,103.68 Gg. The lowest soil C potential was found in bare land, namely 57.54±5.87 t ha-1with a biomass C potential of 0.53 ±0.06 t ha-1, while the lowest soil C stock was found in the teak forest, which was 4.83 Gg. There is a positive correlation between soil C stock and biomass C content. The ratio of soil C and biomass C in the sub-optimal dryland of Aceh Besar varied from 0.01 to 1.57.
Initial Characterization of Bifidus Milk Quality with Different Starter Levels of Bifidobacterium longum
Authors: Yurliasni Yurliasni , Hanum Zuraida , Delima Mira , Latif Herawati , Hidayati Nurul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A study on the initial characterization of bifidus milk quality with a different level of Bifidobacterium longum was conducted to find out the best starter level that is able to produce bifidus milk that meets the characteristics of a healthy drink. The design use in this study consisting of 4 treatments (starter level) that are 1% (L1), 3% (L2), 5% (L3), and 7% (L4) with four replications for each treatment, thus 16 experimental units were obtained. Furthermore, the parameters measured were the degree of acidity (pH), total lactic acid, protein content, total plate count, and syneresis. The resulting data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) was performed if there was a difference. Results showed that the starting concentration had no effect on pH and total lactate, whereas had a highly significant effect on TPC and protein content (P < 0.01). However, all values are still within the range of Indonesian National Standards. Therefore, based on the results obtained, it is recommended that the highest quality bifidobacteria milk is indicated by pH, lactate content, protein, and total plate count obtained by L1 (1% starter) 3.84, 1.22, 4.92, and 8.40 respectively
The Viability of The Pasteurized milk with the addition Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Extract
Authors: Hanum Z , Yurliasni  , Sofiandi N , Gaznur Z M , Aini Z 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Generally, pasteurized milk in Indonesia has a relatively short shelf life of 5-7 days. Commercially, pasteurized milk has also experienced microbial contamination also found on day 7, so it cannot be stored for long. To avoid this, it is necessary to add natural ingredients, which are to maintain quality, by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria so the shelf life of pasteurized milk can be extended. One of these natural ingredients is cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii), which has antibacterial properties from its metabolite components. Cinnamon extract was added to pasteurized milk of as much as 0.5%. Cinnamon extract was obtained by the maceration method and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 storage treatments (0 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days), each treatment was repeated 4 times. Parameters measured included pH analysis, total plate count and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of pH analysis showed that the average pH value of pasteurized goat’s milk added with cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) extract and stored for 28 days ranged from 6.24 to 6.44, this value range had reached the standard pH value. The results of total plate count showed that the average bacterial growth ranged from 0.7 × 104 CFU/ml – 16.9 × 104 CFU/ml. Therefore, the results of the addition of cinnamon extract to pasteurized milk still met the standards of pasteurized milk. The addition of cinnamon extract with a concentration of 0.5% to pasteurized goat’s milk showed antibacterial activity by forming an average inhibition zone of 1.6 mm on S. aureus bacteria but was unable to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the addition of 0.5% cinnamon extract to pasteurized milk can extend the shelf life of pasteurized milk up to 28 days but is unable to inhibit bacterial growth.
Analysis of community adaptation on sinking coastal settlement in the Sriwulan, Demak Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Rahman B , Wicaksono N A B , Karmila M , Ridlo M A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Settlements in coastal cities have various complex problems, one of which is the area of flooding and sinking. This study aims to examine how the adaptation response of the community to their residential area, which used to be in the form of a land dimension, is now sinking into a water dimension. Using qualitative methods, this research uses a GIS approach to observe physical changes in the area and in-depth interviews to obtain information related to community adaptation. The result is that there are three adaptations, namely Resistant Settlement Adaptations, Adaptation of Settlement Increase, and Reduced Settlements Adaptation. This adaptation occurs because of the encouragement of internal and external factors, giving rise to various forms of adaptation, especially in the Adaptation of Settlement Increase which is a new thing in this study.
Spatial distribution of elephant populations and habitat characteristics in the Serbajadi-Lokop forest area of Aceh Indonesia
Authors: Zulfikar Z , Dahlan D , Abdullah A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding the factors influencing the spatial distribution of elephants can provide insight into the dynamics of their populations, thus helping elephant and habitat conservation efforts. Elephant habitat selection is an important key to knowing the existing conditions for the potential availability of elephant feed. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of elephant populations and the characteristics of habitat selection as a route in the all-around forest area of Aceh Timur district. This research was carried out in the Serbajadi-lokop forest area. We observed areas that had high activity. The method used is direct observation of the 500 m long transect path on each transect and literature study to obtain information about the selection of elephant habitat areas. The results show that 22 areas are used as resting sites and elephant habitat areas. In the area, several types of plants with forest cover range from 25%-90%, the height of the land varies from 0-400 meters above sea level and the vegetation type consists of 14 primary forest locations, 6 secondary and 2 Plantation Areas . Overall, it can be concluded that the ecology of wild elephants in all-around forest areas has diverse characteristics and is in the lowlands and elephants have the selection of certain areas to rest within the forest area.
The potential habitat for bird migration in the coastline area of Banda Aceh City
Authors: Khairunisak  , Abdullah  , Huda I , Khairil  , Asiah  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The coastline of Banda Aceh is one of the locations where land, water and air elements meet. This meeting point functions as buffer zones for migrating birds as a place to find food, rest, and other activities. The aim of this study is to determine the type of migratory bird stopover habitat in the coastal area of Banda Aceh. This study is a descriptive qualitative research with a direct observation. The results of this study indicate that there are four types of migratory bird stopover habitats in the coastline of Banda Aceh which is rich in natural resources and plant vegetation to be used as a stopover for migratory birds, namely beaches, mangrove forests, ponds, and swamps with locations in Gampong Pande, Kuta Raja Subdistrict, Lampulo Village, in Kuta Alam Subdistrict, and Alue Naga Village, Syiah Kuala Subdistrict. This study revealed that these locations are rich in natural resources and plant vegetation, such as Rhizophora apiculata (oil mangrove), Rhizophora mucronata (loop-root mangrove), Avicennia marina (grey maggrove), Avicennia alba (Api-Api Putih), Casuarina equisetifolia (Coastal She-oak), and Leucaena leucocephala (river tamarind). These locations are ideal for migratory birds as they can be used as a stopover place to find food, rest, and breed.
Bioremediation to increase the ex-mining land reclamation in Indonesia
Authors: Rosa E , Sufardi S , Syafruddin S , Rusdi M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bioremediation was method to processed using microorganisms such as the bacteria, fungi (mycoremediation), yeast, algae, and enzymes produced by these microbes to clean or neutralize chemicals and the raw material cement to alternative in dealing with environmental control. Furthermore, the reclamation was improve the post-mining environmental area to produce a better ecosystem environment, than it was appearance. Bioremediation and reclamation was mutual support method to maintain the ex-mining land. This study method used the literature review method. In the result, we are describe the chemical bioremediation principles included with the anoxic lime to utilizing sulphide reducing bacteria, the landscaping with compost to increase the ability of the soil to hold water and contains a relatively high element of C a source of energy microbes and the environmental modification to add the electron acceptor nutrients. Then, other activities that to increase ex-mining land services due to other mining activities was reclamation. The reclamation activities can be seen from the quality of the land which is a very important environmental component. Where open-pit mining will also result in changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, so it is necessary to manage ex-mining land. We are represent the reclamation principles, i.e. topsoil conservation was the avoid subsoil mixtures was contain the elements, the land arrangement was improve the condition of the landscape nature with the closing the dug holes, the sediment management and erosion control and the heavy metal management was reduce the heavy metal content and that was need to select the plant species that tolerant of heavy metals.
Prediction of Settlement Growth in Meulaboh Urban Area (MUA) and Its Implication for Carrying Capacity
Authors: Rahman Auliaur , Ramli Ichwana , Irwansyah Mirza , Achmad Ashfa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Population growth affects the competition between land uses. Inevitably, the increasing demand for natural resources causes severe damage to the urban environment. In addition, the potential of water resources can be a problem related to the supply of clean and suitable water to the community. The geological structure of the soil, disaster susceptibility, and issues with the clean water supply at the location are challenges in determining the development of residential areas in the Meulaboh Urban Area (MUA). This study aims to determine the carrying capacity of the Meulaboh urban settlement environment and the model for the distribution of settlements in the MUA. The environment’s carrying capacity is reviewed based on two aspects: the carrying capacity of settlements and water resources. In analyzing settlement modeling using MLC data from time-series images of Google Earth and Landsat 8-9 in 2011, 2016, and 2021 and using the MOLUSCE plugin on QGIS. The environmental carrying capacity assessment results show that the level of carrying capacity of settlements in the MUA is currently worth 1.69, and in 2041 it will reach a value of 1.26. While the carrying capacity of water resources in the current year is at a value of 2.8, and in 2041, it will reach a value of 2.0. Until 2041, it can still accommodate the population and meet the water needs to support population growth. However, it must still consider the disaster aspects and existing environmental constraints. So that sustainable development can be created that can balance development and the environment in the region.
Preparation of nanocarbon modified vermiculite ceramics with excellent adsorption capacity
Authors: Huifang Wang , Yubao Bi , Shiming Hao , Wei Jiang , Jvhui Liu 
Published: December 2022

Abstracts
Nanocarbon modified vermiculite porous ceramics with hydrophobicity were prepared using vermiculite as the starting materials and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the carbon precursor via the catalytic reaction method. The microstructures, hydrophobicity, and adsorption capacity of as-prepared porous ceramics were characterized by scanning electron microscope, water contact angle testing, and weight gaining, respectively. The results revealed that the nano-carbon generated from the pyrolysis of PET formed on the surface of the pores in ceramics. The water contact angle of as-prepared modified porous ceramics with 82% porosity was up to 123 °. The as-prepared porous ceramics showed highly efficient adsorption to oils and were very durable, and would be excellent candidate materials to separate the oil from the water/oil mixture.