bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrin clot properties in cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical practice
Authors: Ząbczyk Michał , Ariëns Robert A S , Undas Anetta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFibrinogen conversion into insoluble fibrin and the formation of a stable clot is the final step of the coagulation cascade. Fibrin clot porosity and its susceptibility to plasmin-mediated lysis are the key fibrin measures, describing the properties of clots prepared ex vivo from citrated plasma. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), referring to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and hypertension, has been shown to be associated with the formation of dense fibrin networks that are relatively resistant to lysis. Denser fibrin mesh characterized acute patients at the onset of myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke, while hypofibrinolysis has been identified as a persistent fibrin feature in patients following thrombotic events or in those with stable coronary artery disease. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and hypertension, have also been linked with unfavourably altered fibrin clot properties, while some lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatment, in particular statins and anticoagulants, may improve fibrin structure and function. Prospective studies have suggested that prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype can predict cardiovascular events in short- and long-term follow-ups. Mutations and splice variants of the fibrinogen molecule that have been proved to be associated with thrombophilia or increased cardiovascular risk, along with fibrinogen post-translational modifications, prothrombotic state, inflammation, platelet activation, and neutrophil extracellular traps formation, contribute also to prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype. Moreover, about 500 clot-bound proteins have been identified within plasma fibrin clots, including fibronectin, α2-antiplasmin, factor XIII, complement component C3, and histidine-rich glycoprotein. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying unfavourable fibrin clot properties and their implications in CVD and its thrombo-embolic manifestations.
Pathogenesis of Perianal Fistulising Crohn’s Disease: Current Knowledge, Gaps in Understanding, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Cao Siyan , Colonna Marco , Deepak Parakkal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFistulising perianal involvement is a common presentation of Crohn’s disease. Perianal Crohn’s disease dramatically impairs patients’ social and sexual life and its management remains a critical challenge in field of inflammatory bowel disease. No medical therapy is specifically designed for the treatment of perianal Crohn’s disease, largely due to the poorly understood pathophysiology. Limited evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that the initiation, progression, and maintenance of Crohn’s disease-associated perianal fistulas involves complex interactions between host, microbial, and environmental factors. This review intends to discuss the possible roles of genetic predisposition, mucosal immunity, and gut microbiome in perianal Crohn’s disease, and considers how epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition may contribute to the pathogenesis. It also summarises recent advances on the development of animal models and new therapies for perianal Crohn’s disease. At the end, we discussed future directions in basic, translational, and clinical research that may dramatically improve our understanding of perianal Crohn’s disease and open avenues for novel therapeutic strategies with a multidisciplinary approach. Overall, this review aims to identify current gaps in understanding of perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease and to explore future research priorities for this debilitating condition.
Pregnancy-related hypophysitis revisited
Authors: Honegger Jürgen , Giese Sabrina , Nasi-Kordhishti Isabella , Donegan Diane Mary 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study is to assess the distinguishing features of pregnancy-related hypophysitis (PR-Hy) compared to non-pregnancy autoimmune hypophysitis and to evaluate the changing therapeutic approaches and outcomes in PR-Hy over time.

Design
Retrospective analysis of all published cases with PR-Hy and 6 own cases.

Methods
A PubMed search was performed and abstracts screened for publications with information on cases with PR-Hy from which full-text review was performed. Clinical features, diagnostic findings, and outcome in relation to treatment modalities in PR-Hy were assessed.

Results
One hundred and forty-eight cases with PR-Hy were identified. PR-Hy was significantly delimited from non-PR-Hy by the frequent occurrence of the chiasmal syndrome (50% vs 13%, P &lt; .0001), higher rate of intrasellar origin (94% vs 74%, P = .0005), lower rate of pituitary stalk involvement (39% vs 86%, P &lt; .0001), and low rate of diabetes insipidus (12% vs 54%, P &lt; .0001). The role of surgery in PR-Hy decreased over time while noninvasive treatment modalities increased. The recurrence rate after high-dose glucocorticoid therapy (33%) was high and exceeded that of surgery (2%) and conservative management (2%). In contrast to initial reports on PR-Hy, recent literature regarding outcome of mother's and child's health was positive. The frequency of spontaneous preterm delivery was not increased. Recurrent PR-Hy in a subsequent pregnancy was reported in only two females.

Conclusion
PR-Hy has distinct features that delineate the disorder from non-PR-Hy. With increasing experience in diagnosis, availability of adequate replacement therapy, and improved treatment modalities, PR-Hy has lost its threat and the outcome is encouraging.
Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear feature: clinical, pathological, and molecular update 5 years after the nomenclature revision
Authors: Melo Miguel , Ventura Mara , Cardoso Luís , Gaspar da Rocha Adriana , Paiva Isabel , Sobrinho-Simões Manuel , Soares Paula 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The term non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) was proposed in 2016 and incorporated as a new entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of endocrine organs in 2017. Since then, there has been debate regarding the histological criteria for the diagnosis, the need for molecular studies or the risk of lymph node metastasis or recurrence associated with this entity. Over the years, the concept of NIFTP evolved, now including both small (&lt;1 cm) and large (&gt;4 cm) tumours and oncocytic lesions. On the other hand, recent data on NIFTP in the setting of thyroid follicular nodular disease or frequent coexistence of malignant tumours raised concerns regarding the follow-up of these patients. Today, both pathologists and clinicians still face several challenges in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with NIFTP.
Contracting creativity: patronage and creative freedom in the Italian Renaissance art market
Authors: Piano Ennio E , Piano Clara E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study contractual solutions to creative disagreements in the market for original paintings using a sample of ninety commission documents from Renaissance Italy (1285–1530). We investigate the determinants of creative freedom by comparing the length of the description of the final painting with variables capturing painter-, patron-, and commission-specific characteristics. Our results suggest that corporate patronage was positively associated with creative freedom for the painter as compared to individual patrons. We also find evidence that the reputation of the painter at commission and larger commission values are negatively associated with creative freedom.
NDR kinase tricornered genetically interacts with Ccm3 and metabolic enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster tracheal development
Authors: Hudson Joshua , Paul Sayantanee , Veraksa Alexey , Ghabrial Amin , Harvey Kieran F , Poon Carole 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Germinal Center Kinase III (GckIII) pathway is a Hippo-like kinase module defined by sequential activation of Ste20 kinases Thousand and One (Tao) and GckIII, followed by nuclear dbf2-related (NDR) kinase Tricornered (Trc). We previously uncovered a role for the GckIII pathway in Drosophila melanogaster tracheal (respiratory) tube morphology. The trachea form a network of branched epithelial tubes essential for oxygen transport, and are structurally analogous to branched tubular organs in vertebrates, such as the vascular system. In the absence of GckIII pathway function, aberrant dilations form in tracheal tubes characterized by mislocalized junctional and apical proteins, suggesting that the pathway is important in maintaining tube integrity in development. Here, we observed a genetic interaction between trc and Cerebral cavernous malformations 3 (Ccm3), the Drosophila ortholog of a human vascular disease gene, supporting our hypothesis that the GckIII pathway functions downstream of Ccm3 in trachea, and potentially in the vertebrate cerebral vasculature. However, how GckIII pathway signaling is regulated and the mechanisms that underpin its function in tracheal development are unknown. We undertook biochemical and genetic approaches to identify proteins that interact with Trc, the most downstream GckIII pathway kinase. We found that known GckIII and NDR scaffold proteins are likely to control GckIII pathway signaling in tracheal development, consistent with their conserved roles in Hippo-like modules. Furthermore, we show genetic interactions between trc and multiple enzymes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting a potential function of the GckIII pathway in integrating cellular energy requirements with maintenance of tube integrity.
Comparative effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA-based booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections: a time-varying cohort analysis using trial emulation in the Virus Watch community cohort
Authors: Nguyen Vincent Grigori , Yavlinsky Alexei , Beale Sarah , Hoskins Susan , Byrne Thomas E , Lampos Vasileios , Braithwaite Isobel , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Fragaszy Ellen , Geismar Cyril , Kovar Jana , Navaratnam Annalan M D , Patel Parth , Shrotri Madhumita , Weber Sophie , Hayward Andrew C , Aldridge Robert W 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The Omicron B.1.1.529 variant increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in doubly vaccinated individuals, particularly in the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1) recipients. To tackle infections, the UK’s booster vaccination programmes used messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines irrespective of an individual’s primary course vaccine type, and prioritized the clinically vulnerable. These mRNA vaccines included the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273). There is limited understanding of the effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections and how time-varying confounders affect these evaluations.

Methods
Trial emulation was applied to a prospective community observational cohort in England and Wales to reduce time-varying confounding-by-indication driven by prioritizing vaccination based upon age, vulnerability and exposure. Trial emulation was conducted by meta-analysing eight adult cohort results whose booster vaccinations were staggered between 16 September 2021 and 05 January 2022 and followed until 23 January 2022. Time from booster vaccination until SARS-CoV-2 infection, loss of follow-up or end of study was modelled using Cox proportional hazard models and adjusted for age, sex, minority ethnic status, clinically vulnerability and deprivation.

Results
A total of 19 159 participants were analysed, with 11 709 ChAdOx1 primary courses and 7450 BNT162b2 primary courses. Median age, clinical vulnerability status and infection rates fluctuate through time. In mRNA-boosted adults, 7.4% (n = 863) of boosted adults with a ChAdOx1 primary course experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with 7.7% (n = 571) of those who had BNT162b2 as a primary course. The pooled adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.01 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of: 0.90 to 1.13.

Conclusion
After an mRNA booster dose, we found no difference in protection comparing those with a primary course of BNT162b2 with those with a ChAdOx1 primary course. This contrasts with pre-booster findings where previous research shows greater effectiveness of BNT162b2 than ChAdOx1 in preventing infection.
Addition ofTrichodermaconsortia to Chilean endemic flora compost teas strongly enhancesin vitroandin vivobiocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: Carvajal Marcela , Olivares Makarena , Lobaina Esli , Vergara Alejandra , Velásquez Alexis , Jeldres Pamela , Meza Débora , Dorta Fernando , Jorquera Franco , Seeger Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal capability of diverse compost teas of endemic Chilean flora inoculated with a consortium of fungal strains of Trichoderma spp. (biocontrol agent) against three important phytopathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, andLasiodiplodia theobromae.Methods and resultsCompost teas were obtained from the endemic flora of Chile (Azara celastrina, Citronella mucronate, Cryptocarya alba, Peumus boldus, and Quillaja saponaria). Eleven Trichoderma strains were isolated, and antagonism tests were performed to develop fungal consortiums with biocontrol properties. The biocontrol effect of compost teas inoculated with Trichoderma consortia was also analyzed. The results showed that the teas possess antifungal activity against B. cinerea and F. oxysporum and, to a lower degree, against L. theobromae. In vitro tests showed that Trichoderma consortiums improved the suppressive effect against B. cinerea (94–97%), F. oxysporum (89–92%), and L. theobromae (51–73%). Peumus boldus tea showed the highest suppressive effect against the plant pathogen L. theobromae. In addition, the in vivo assay showed that tomato plants treated only with Trichoderma or compost tea did not show differences in height with regard to control plants. However, when these two treatments were combined, the best performance in plant height and protection against pathogens was observed.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the addition of a consortium of Trichoderma strains with intra- and interspecific incompatibilities significantly improves the inhibitory effect of compost teas in in vitro tests against the plant pathogenic fungi, while in vivo it enhances tomato plant growth and reduces plant disease symptoms.
Earliness and Crop Morphological Traits Modulate Field Pest Infestation in Green Gram
Authors: Mulwa Georgina K , Kitonyo Onesmus M , Nderitu John H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Breeding has significantly improved drought tolerance in green gram but marked yield losses continue due to damage by insect pests. Important pests of green gram are pod borers, Maruca vitrata (F.), aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover and whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Management of these pests has partly been constrained by the limited understanding of crop traits that modulate their infestation. Field experiments were conducted in southeastern Kenya to evaluate a collection of old and new green gram varieties for tolerance to field pests, and to identify traits that confer resistance. The old varieties were KS20 and N26, both released in 1990s whereas the modern counterparts were Biashara, Karembo, and Ndengu-Tosha. Results showed significant differences among the varieties in maturity, leaf area, leaf hair density, leaf moisture content, and pod wall thickness. Earliness significantly reduced pest infestation, whereby KS20 matured early while N26 was late, and the new varieties were intermediate. On average, across the three environments, leaf area (R2 ≥ 0.32) and leaf moisture content (R2 ≥ 0.18) positively correlated with pest infestation while leaf hair density (R2 ≥ 0.30), and pod wall thickness (R2 ≥ 0.54) showed a negative association with pod borer and aphid counts. However, results did not reveal any particular traits that associated with the varieties, which implied that breeding of green gram in Kenya has not selected for tolerance to field pests. Nonetheless, green gram field pest management practices could select for varieties with early maturity, open plant canopy, pubescent leaves, and thicker pod walls.
Robotic assisted transabdominal preperitoneal approach for repair of Morgagni hernia in elderly female
Authors: Schubert Alec , Ramos Michael Gonzalez 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Morgagni hernia’s are relatively rare congenital diaphragmatic hernias that are typically described in pediatric populations. It is rare for patients to present with symptoms related to this defect in adulthood. Several techniques have been successfully utilized. This case report offers the successful utilization of the robotic assisted transabdominal preperitoneal approach (r-TAPP) for primary repair of a symptomatic Morgagni hernia in a high risk patient. To date, there are few publications describing the r-TAPP technique for Morgagni hernia repair, and no publications were found in the context described in our case. From this, we are able to provide increasing evidence of the efficacy and deployment of r-TAPP in age variable presentation of this pathology.
Sexual dysfunction, depression, and marital dissatisfaction among Brazilian couples
Authors: Galati Maria Cristina Romualdo , Hollist Cody S , do Egito Julia Horta Tabosa , Osório Ana Alexandra Caldas , Parra Gilbert R , Neu Christopher , de Moraes Horta Ana Lucia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealth professionals treating sexual dysfunction and relational dissatisfaction recognize that they are multifactorial phenomena, and depression can be bidirectionally associated with both.AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate sexual dysfunction in heterosexual couples in relation to the quality of their marital relationship and depression symptoms.MethodsThe sample consisted of 100 heterosexual couples recruited in Brazil. Both partners of each couple completed the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital Satisfaction, which were translated and adapted, and the Beck Depression Inventory, which was validated for the Brazilian population. Both partners completed their questionnaires separately, and the couple’s surveys were linked to preserve conjugal data for dyadic analysis. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used to understand how sexual dysfunction in couples is related to depression and relationship quality among and between partners.ResultsSexual dysfunction was found to be strongly associated with dissatisfaction in the relationship (husbands, β = 0.57, P &lt; 0.001; wives, β = 0.60, P &lt; 0.001), and a positive association was found between depressive symptoms and marital dissatisfaction (husbands, β = .32, P &lt; .001; wives β = .40, P &lt; .001).Clinical ImplicationThe results suggest that it is important for health professionals to be aware of the dyadic impact of struggles with both sex and the relationship and the presence of depression symptoms in patients who seek care for sexual complaints or depression and who are in a marital relationship.Strengths and LimitationsThe different results found for men and women may shed light on the biopsychosocial dimensions of human sexuality. When treated as a purely physical experience, sex is myopic. In this study we demonstrated psychosocial aspects associated with gender and sexuality, and the partner’s variables were found to have a greater impact on women than they did on the men. A limitation of this study is that the sample is not generalizable as it is not demographically representative of all socioeconomic groups in Brazil. Furthermore, the participants in this sample did not have clinical levels of depression, so the results cannot be extended to couples in which one or both spouses have depressive disorder.ConclusionIt was found that sexual dysfunction is strongly associated with the quality of the couple relationship, and that the quality of relationship plays a mediating role between depression and marital quality, especially for the women.
A qualitative analysis of female Reddit users’ experiences with low libido: how do women perceive their changes in sexual desire?
Authors: Belcher Rachael E , Sim Danielle , Meykler Marcella , Owens-Walton Jeunice , Hassan Naeemul , Rubin Rachel S , Malik Rena D 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe true prevalence of low sexual desire among women is disputed among researchers due to the complex nature and presentation of women’s sexual problems.AimTo qualitatively analyze the aspects of libido/sexual desire frequently discussed by Reddit users and compare them with the current understanding of female sexual well-being and sexual desire disorders.MethodsBy using the Reddit application programming interface, the TwoXChromosomes subreddit was queried for posts with the keywords libido and sex drive. Posts that were deleted or unrelated to themes of libido/sex drive were excluded. A total of 85 threads—63 queried from the keyword libido and 22 from sex drive—and approximately 2900 comments were qualitatively analyzed per the grounded theory approach. Five independent researchers read and coded each thread to identify dominant themes and emergent concepts.OutcomesOutcomes of interest included codes related to sexual dysfunction, libido, orgasm, masturbation, types of sex, psychology, relationships, intimacy, treatment, medications, and health care.ResultsPosters were primarily heterosexual women in their 20s and 30s. The code categories with the highest frequency were relationships (22.7%, n = 272), libido (22.2%, n = 210), psychological (20.2%, n = 191), medications (7.29%, n = 69), and intimacy (6.0%, n = 57). Users frequently described a decrease in libido secondary to medications, particularly antidepressants and hormonal birth control. Many users discussed the challenges of navigating a relationship with low sexual desire and the resulting sexual distress. Posters described feelings of sadness, anxiety, and guilt due to their low desire. Additionally, users discussed the role that sex plays in relationships, whether as a way to develop intimacy between partners or to achieve orgasm. Finally, posters expressed dissatisfaction with health care addressing their concerns surrounding sexual desire.Clinical ImplicationsThe study findings—namely, the impact of medications on sexual health, the interaction of sexual desire and mental health, and cited examples of inadequate sexual health care—can help guide sexual well-being research, diagnosis, and public policy.Strengths and LimitationsUsing Reddit as a data source allowed for the analysis of women’s experiences outside the preestablished concepts of female sexual desire. Limitations to the study include the potential for posts to be deleted by moderator guidelines, the young demographic distribution of Reddit users, and the popularity-based structure of subreddit threads.ConclusionOur results emphasize the psychosocial aspects of sexual desire and the need to redefine sexual problems to encompass the complex nature of female sexual well-being.