bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan alat evaluasi pembelajaran berbasis roll spin test pada materi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan
Authors: Cahyati Fitria Nur , Ersita Visdha , Khairunnisa Hanifah , Ayu Rizkia Rinjani 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat evaluasi pembelajaran berbasis roll spin test pada materi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan. Roll spin test merupakan alat atau media pembelajaran yang dapat menyajikan perangkat pembelajaran seperti soal-soal mengenai materi evaluasi pembelajaran yang terintegrasi dalam satu paket. Media ini dirancang dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D yang memiliki 5 tahapan, yaitu pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan dan penyebaran. Alat evaluasi pembelajaran ini divalidasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Setelah media dinyatakan layak, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji kelompok besar untuk melihat respon repon siswa. Validasi alat evaluasi pembelajaran berbasis roll spin test oleh ahli media diperoleh skor sebesar 0,88 (88%) dengan kriteria sangat layak. Kemudian, hasil validasi materi oleh ahli materi diperoleh skor sebesar 0,75 (75%) dengan kriteria layak. Hasil ujicoba kelompok besar dengan jumlah 30 orang mahasiswa pendidikan biologi sebagai responden diperoleh skor sebesar 64,65% dengan kriteria layak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa alat evaluasi pembelajaran berbasis roll spin test pada materi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan, Media Pembelajaran, Biologi
The improvement of motor symptoms in Huntington’s disease during cariprazine treatment
Authors: Csehi Reka , Molnar Viktor , Fedor Mariann , Zsumbera Vivien , Palasti Agnes , Acsai Karoly , Grosz Zoltan , Nemeth Gyorgy , Molnar Maria Judit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterised by motor disturbances and non-motor (i.e., psychiatric) symptoms. Motor symptoms are the hallmark features of HD and take many forms. Their emergence is related to alterations in striatal dopaminergic (DA) neurotransmission, with increased DA levels in the early, and reduced levels in the later stages of the disease. Such a biphasic change potentially explains the alterations in motor symptoms: increased DA-production induces hyperkinetic movements early in the disease course, while depleted DA storage leads to hypokinetic symptoms in the advanced phase. Dopamine D2-D3 partial agonists could be a promising treatment option in HD, as they have the potential to either elevate or lower the surrounding dopamine levels if the levels are too low or too high, respectively, potentially offering symptom-relief across the illness-course. Therefore, the efficacy of cariprazine, a dopamine D2-D3 partial agonist with high affinity to D3 receptors, was examined in influencing motor symptoms associated with HD.Methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective study where sixteen patients received off-label cariprazine treatment for 12 weeks (1.5-3 mg/day). Motor symptoms were evaluated using the Motor Assessment of the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale. Least Square (LS) Mean Changes from baseline (BL) to Week 8 and Week 12 in the Total Motor Score (TMS) were analysed using the Mixed Model for Repeated Measures. In addition, improvement from BL to Week 8 and 12 was calculated for all motor items.Results: Data of 15 patients were analysed as one patient dropped out due to non-compliance. Significant changes were observed from BL to Week 8 (LS Mean Change: -9.4, p < 0.0001) and to Week 12 (LS Mean Change: -12.8, p < 0.0001) in the TMS. The improvement was captured in the majority of motor functions, excluding bradykinesia and gait. Mild akathisia was the most commonly reported side-effect, affecting 3 patients.Conclusion: This is the first study investigating the effect of a D2-D3 partial agonist, cariprazine, in the treatment of HD. The findings of this study reveal that cariprazine was effective in the treatment of a wide range of motor symptoms associated with HD.
Effect of the switch status of Helicobacter pylori Outer Inflammatory Protein A on gastric diseases
Authors: Oktem-Okullu Sinem , Karaman Tayyip , Akcelik-Deveci Sümeyye , Timucin Emel , Sezerman osman ugur , Ozen Nesteren Mansur , Buyukcolak Yaren , Tiftikci Arzu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori OipA (Outer Inflammatory Protein A) is an outer membrane protein that takes role in the adherence and colonization to the stomach. oipA gene expression is regulated by the slipped-strand mispairing mechanism through a hypermutable CT dinucleotide repeat motif in the 5΄ region. Alterations in the CT number repeats cause frame-shift mutations to result in phase variation of oipA expression. While a functional “on” status has been recognized as a risk factor for peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancer in many studies, some controversial findings still exist. To this end, this study compiled the sequence data of oipA from 10 different studies between 2000-2019 and 50 oipA DNA sequences from our own research that examined the relationship between the phase on/off status of oipA and gastric diseases based on CT repeat number. Overall, we have reached 536 oipA DNA sequences from patients. This large collection of oipA sequences first clarified the absolute conservation of the peptide-pentamer of FWLHA for phase-on status, suggesting this pentamer as a superior marker for the determination of oipAstatus than counting the number of CT repeats. Combining the sequence and patient data, we have re-analyzed the association between the ‘‘On’’ status of oipA and gastric diseases. Our results showed a strong association between oipA‘‘On’’ status and gastric cancer supporting previous findings. We also investigated the AlphaFold2 computed structure of OipA that adopts a beta-barrel fold closely resembling to the autotransporter family of H. pylori. Altogether, this study confirms a strong association between OipA ‘‘On’’ statuses and severe gastrointestinal diseases like cancer and provides useful insights into the FWLHA pentamer as an indicator of “on” status of oipA putative autotransporter function rather than CT repeats number.
Microplastic Pollution of Thermal Waters in Kütahya, Türkiye
Authors: ŞENER Harun , GÜNDOĞDU Sedat , KARAKUŞ Hüseyin , GÜLEKÇİ Yakup 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Microplastics have become ubiquitous pollutants everywhere. However, there is still limited data on the presence of microplastics in some ecosystem compartments. Groundwater resources, particularly thermal waters, are also an environment with little-known microplastic pollution. In this study, the presence of microplastics in thermal water resources used for geothermal applications in Kütahya region was investigated for the first time in Turkey. In the study, 3 liters of sample per location were taken from 21 thermal points in 9 regions in amber glass bottles of 1.5 liters each. The samples were filtered directly through cellulose acetate filters with a 0.45 µm filter paper using a vacuum pump. The filter papers were subjected to microscopic examination and µ-Raman analysis directly. As a result of microscopic examination, a total of 88 microplastic-like particles were detected, and µ-Raman analysis confirmed that 68.11% of them were microplastics. Thus, an average of 0.85 ± 0.71 MPs/L (850 MPs/m3) was detected from all locations. The highest microplastic concentration was found at the ST-8 station with 4.88 ± 2.98 MPs/L. No particles were found in the ST-7, ST-10, and ST-20 stations. Of the particles detected, 50.0% were fiber, 10.2% were film, and 39.8% were fragment types. The µ-Raman analysis confirmed that the polymers found were cellulose, PE, PET, PP, PS, and PET, and the most commonly found polymer was PE at 22.2%. The results obtained from this first-ever study of microplastics in geothermal waters demonstrate that microplastics can be found in low amounts in thermal groundwater resources.
Experimental Investigation of Surface Morpology and Wear Behaviour on Heat Treated TIN PVD Coated A36 Mild Steel
Authors: Nagarajan Pragadish , Srinivasa Ganapathy , M Selvam , S Lakshmanan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

This experimental research study aimed to investigate the surface properties, wear resistance, and hardness behaviour of A36 mild steel in different conditions. In particular, the study focused on comparing the characteristics of A36 mild steel, normalised heat treated TiN PVD coated A36 mild steel, annealing heat treated TiN PVD coated A36 mild steel, and quenching heat treated TiN PVD coated A36 mild steel. The SEM analysis was performed to evaluate the surface morphology of each type of mild steel, and different topographies were observed in each category. The SEM micrographs revealed that the normalised, annealed and quenched TiN PVD coated A36 mild steels showed a homogeneous surface morphology with fewer cracks and voids compared with the A36 mild steel. Moreover, these TiN PVD coated A36 mild steel specimens showed less pin and disc wear as compared to the A36 mild steel specimen. Thus, it can be inferred that TiN PVD coating can minimize wear rate in the mentioned types of steel. The Vicker hardness test was conducted to examine the hardness behaviour of the mild steel specimens. The results showed that the normalised, annealed, and quenched TiN PVD coated A36 mild steels had a higher Vicker hardness value than A36 mild steel without coating. The maximum hardness was observed in the quenched TiN PVD Coated A36 Mild Steel specimens. Hence, TiN PVD coating enhances the hardness of the mild steel. In conclusion, the experimental investigation shows that TiN PVD coating and heat treatment can significantly enhance the surface morphology, wear resistance, and hardness behaviour of A36 mild steel. The investigated specimens of normalised, annealed, and quenched TiN PVD coated A36 mild steel, show better results than the conventional mild steel in terms of surface morphology, wear resistance and hardness behaviour.
BovineTalk: Machine Learning for Vocalization Analysis of Dairy Cattle under Negative Affective States
Authors: Gavojdian Dinu , Lazebnik Teddy , Mincu Madalina , Oren Ariel , Nicolae Ioana , Zamansky Anna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is a critical need to develop and validate non-invasive animal-based indicators of affective states in livestock species, in order to integrate them into on-farm assessment protocols, potentially via the use of precision livestock farming (PLF) tools. One such promising approach is the use of vocal indicators. The acoustic structure of vocalizations and their functions were extensively studied in important livestock species, such as pigs, horses, poultry and goats, yet cattle remain understudied in this context to date. Cows were shown to produce two types vocalizations: low-frequency calls (LF), produced with the mouth closed, or partially closed, for close distance contacts and open mouth emitted high-frequency calls (HF), produced for long distance communication, with the latter considered to be largely associated with negative affective states. Moreover, cattle vocalizations were shown to contain information on individuality across a wide range of contexts, both negative and positive. Nowadays, dairy cows are facing a series of negative challenges and stressors in a typical production cycle, making vocalizations during negative affective states of special interest for research. One contribution of this study is providing the largest to date pre-processed (clean from noises) dataset of lactating adult multiparous dairy cows during negative affective states induced by visual isolation challenges. Here we present two computational frameworks - deep learning based and explainable machine learning based, to classify high and low-frequency cattle calls, and individual cow voice recognition. Our models in these two frameworks reached 87.2% and 89.4% accuracy for LF and HF classification, with 68.9% and 72.5% accuracy rates for the cow individual identification, respectively.
Normal mode analysis in multi-coupled non-Hermitian optical nanocavities
Authors: Park Kyong-Tae , Kim Kyoung-Ho , Min Byung-Ju , No You-Shin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Coupled optical cavities are an attractive on-chip optical platform for realizing quantum mechanical concepts in electrodynamics and further developing non-Hermitian photonics. In such systems, an intercavity interaction is often considered as a key parameter to understand the system’s behaviors but its estimation/calculation is typically limited for some simplified systems owing to extended complexities. For example, multi-coupled photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities exhibiting strong resonances with a large free spectral range can serve as an excellent test-bed to study non-Hermitian optical properties when spatially non-uniform gain is introduced. However, the detailed quantitative analysis such as spectral tracing of cavity normal modes is often limited in commercially available numerical tools because of the required massive computation resources. Herein, we report on a concept of spatial overlap integrals (SOIs) between the eigenmodes in non-coupled PhC nanocavities and utilize them to obtain the intercavity interactions in passively coupled PhC nanocavity systems. With the help of coupling strength factors calculated from SOIs, we were able to fully exploit the coupled mode theory (CMT) and readily trace the detailed spectral behaviors of normal modes in various multi-coupled PhC nanocavities. Full-wave numerical simulation results verified the proposed method, revealing that the characteristics of original eigenmodes from non-coupled PhC nanocavities can act as key building blocks for analyzing the normal modes of multi-coupled PhC nanocavities. We further applied this SOI method to various multi-coupled PhC nanocavities with non-symmetric optical gain/loss distributions and successfully observed the unusual spectral evolution of normal modes and the correspondingly occurring unique non-Hermitian behaviors.
Economic Freedom, Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption and the Load Capacity Factor: Evidence from OECD Countries with Panel Quantile Regression Analysis
Authors: İMAMOĞLU İlyas Kays , Özdemir Dilek 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In recent years, countries' efforts to increase their economic freedom have raised the question of how freedom will affect the environment. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between economic freedom, economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and load capacity factor (LCF) in OECD countries is analyzed by panel quantile regression analysis with annual data sets for 1996-2018. According to the findings obtained from quantile regression analysis, the LCC hypothesis is valid in OECD countries. Renewable energy consumption positively affects LCF, but this effect is less in high quantiles than in low quantiles. Moreover, economic freedom's effect on LCF is positive and significant in all quantiles. However, there are substantial differences in the coefficients by percentiles, and the impact of economic freedom is less in countries with low LCF than in countries with high LCF. These findings suggest that a higher level of economic freedom will increase the load capacity factor and contribute to improving environmental quality.
Identification of pre-determined steroids in commercially available dietary and traditional supplement products in South Africa
Authors: Gabriels Gary , Lambert Michael , Smith Peter , Wiesner Lubbe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
An age-old fable can be traced as far back to third century BC that shows ‘sport supplements’ being used by athletes of that era, who made use of ‘substances’, with the aim to improve performance. In more recent times, subsequent to the reunification of Germany, ground-breaking findings were found when acquiring a number of highly classified scientific documents and reports. These documents revealed the systematic state-sponsored programmes of doping of athletes. Specifically linked to anabolic androgenic steroids being a controlled substance globally in several countries. Amidst this ‘control’, steroids are generally readily available for non-medicinal purposes, including for body-image use. Further, in modern day sport and wellness practice, dietary supplements have become of common use and widespread, for competitive and recreational athletes of all ages. This has contributed to modern manufacturing innovation having supplements products that potentially may include illicit substance(s). These often ‘designer steroids’ may be manufactured specifically, to circumvent sport anti-doping laboratory tests, in human sport, and therefore supplied in a clandestine fashion.
Aim
The research study investigated the industry associated with commercially available dietary and traditional supplements. In particular the research assessed the content of these products for prohibited substances, with reference specifically to pre-determined steroids, that may not necessarily be declared on the product label.
Methods
A total of 138 dietary supplements products formed part of the assessment. The products were laboratory analysed for 16 pre-determined steroids, using Tandem Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.
Results
The frequency of positive tested samples for the respective steroids assessed in the overall cohort ranged from 24–86%, for South African produced dietary supplements 15–89%, and for imported products, bought in South Africa, 12–90%.
Conclusion
The findings of the steroid positive tested samples provide evidence for implementing an improved system for regulating, monitoring, and enforcing the quality control of dietary supplements.
Respiratory-gated Proton Beam Therapy for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma without Fiducial Markers
Authors: Okubo Akihito , Matsumoto Sae , Tamamura Hiroyasu , Sato Yoshitaka , Asahi Satoko , Tatebe Hitoshi , Yamamoto Kazutaka , Matsushita Keiichiro , Sasaki Makoto , Maeda Yoshikazu , Tameshige Yuji , Sunagozaka Hajime , Aoyagi Hiroyuki , Takamatsu Shigeyuki , Satoshi Kobayashi , Satoshi Shibata 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a challenging primary liver cancer with a poor prognosis, especially in unresectable cases. Traditional palliative irradiation is limited in reducing liver doses. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of respiratory-gated proton beam therapy without fiducial markers for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Between October 2011 and February 2022, 24 patients (median [range] age, 71 [41–88] years) were evaluated at our institution. Twelve patients were pathologically diagnosed with ICC. All patients underwent respiratory-gated proton beam therapy at a dose of 48–83.6 (relative biological effectiveness) in 20–38 fractions with four-dimensional computed tomography planning. The median follow-up period was 18.5 (range, 2.0–74.0) months. The median tumor size was 41 (range, 10–125) mm. Twenty-one patients were classified as having Child–Pugh class A, and three patients were classified as having Child–Pugh class B. Local progression was defined as any growth of the irradiated tumor.Results The median survival time was 28 months for all patients. The Kaplan–Meier estimates of the 2-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and local tumor control rates were 51%, 26%, and 73%, respectively. Local tumor control rates were non-inferior to those reported in previous studies using fiducial markers. One patient had grade 4 pleural effusion; however, whether this was an adverse event due to the proton beam therapy was unclear.Conclusions Respiratory-gated proton beam therapy without fiducial markers is an effective and less invasive treatment option for ICC, showing potential for improved local control and tolerable adverse effects.
Study on the weathering characteristics and mechanism of the Banyueshan Giant Buddha in Ziyang City
Authors: Fang Han , Zhu Shuyun , Ren Kefa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The sandstones of the Banyueshan Giant Buddha in Ziyang has been suffered different degrees of weathering damage under the influence of external geological environment factors. Through field investigation and laboratory test, the weathering damage types and weathering mechanism of sandstones were defined and analyzed. The research shows that the main weathering damage types of sandstones include exfoliation, soiling, chapping, hollowing and encrustation. The lithotype of the sandstones is confirmed to be yellowish-gray medium-fine grained lithic feldspar sandstone by microscopy. Through XRF chemical composition analysis and field investigation, it was found that SO3 and CaO contents in the surface weathered samples increased significantly. Conventional XRD results show that clay minerals and calcite increased in weathered sandstone samples compared with unweathered core samples. Due to the high detection limit of XRD, soluble salt could not be detected in the samples. The sedimentation-separation can achieve the enrichment of trace soluble salts in the samples. XRD results after sedimentation-separation show that the weathered samples contain soluble salts such as gypsum, thenardite, etc, but little soluble salts are detected in the unweathered core samples. In addition, the soluble salt ion test further proves that the surface weathered samples are rich in soluble salts, indicating that the existence of soluble salts has an important effect on the weathering damage of sandstones. Based on the theoretical analysis of the crystallization process and pressure of soluble salts, combined with the above experimental results, it is believed that the water absorption, dehydration and crystallization of soluble salts and the accompanying volume expansion and contraction are the internal reasons for the weathering damage of the Banyueshan Giant Buddha in Ziyang.
SOGA: Toward Developing and Application of an Intelligent Structured Chimera Grid Assembling Library for Moving Objectives
Authors: Li Li , Junsheng WU , Yihua LIANG 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There are many demands to establish the capability to simulate problems with moving objectives, e.g., safety evaluation of multi-bodies separation, maneuver flight simulation, landing process simulation, and so on. The Chimera grid approach is an efficient and flexible way to solve these problems. Based on authors' previous work on the static automatic Chimera grid approach, this paper presents an intelligent structured Chimera grid approach for problems with moving objectives. The idea is to introduce a thought on the modular and application programming interface (API) based software development strategy into the procedure to develop a scalable and reusable software library, SOGA, for Chimera grid applications based on multi-block structured grids. The full name of SOGA is read as Structured-grid based Overset Gridding Assembler, which consists of several type of APIs that include definition of basic grid properties, grid registration, preprocessing for hole-mapping and alternating digital tree (ADT) construction, connectivity establishing, and I/O management. The algorithms hiding behind for 'hole cutting' automatically and intelligently include a modified hole-mapping method through inverse marked method and vector ray method for hole profiling, an alternating digital tree (ADT) based method for grid assembly, and a modified cut-paste algorithm for overlap optimization. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the procedure, the approach has been implemented and coupled into the CFL3D solver, which is a well-known industry-oriented CFD software and published by NASA in recent years as an open source code, and doesn’t have Chimera grid capability for moving objectives. Several test cases both including static and dynamic with moving objectives are selected to validate the algorithms and the procedures, and some details numerical results are shown to compare with experiments and public literatures. From the results, one can conclude that the present approach is feasible and effective both for static and dynamic Chimera grid applications.