bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic dimensions of the Buccoo Reef Marine Park, an assessment of stakeholder perceptions towards enhanced management through MSP
Authors: Peters S M , Guppy R , Ramsewak D , Potts A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The effective management of marine protected areas (MPAs) requires an in-depth understanding and assessment of the varying socioeconomic uses and users of the physical space. However, in some localities, little research is conducted on this aspect and in particular user perceptions on current and proposed management strategies for MPAs. Such site-specific evaluations are imperative to developing context-dependent management measures. The aim of this study was to identify the spatial extent of socioeconomic activities, assess stakeholders’ awareness of the varying socioeconomic activities that take place in the Buccoo Reef Marine Park, Tobago, and gauge stakeholder support for proposed management mechanisms, namely marine spatial planning (MSP). Targeted surveys were conducted over a six-month period, to obtain perspectives from key Marine Park stakeholder groups, namely marine resource managers, visitors, and tour operators. The results indicated over ten main socioeconomic activities occurring within the Marine Park, with multiple activities taking place in the same location. Results also suggest that stakeholders are aware of the conflicts that occur between various users of the space with jet skis operation identified as the primary contributor. Finally, using a Likert scale, stakeholder groups predominantly rated the need for a marine spatial plan as “necessary.” This research, therefore, documents existing socioeconomic activities in the Buccoo Reef Marine Park and highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement in future management strategies.
Mathematical modelling of mission-abort policies: a review
Authors: da Silva Rodrigues Augusto José , Cavalcante Cristiano Alexandre Virgínio , Alberti Alexandre Ramalho , Scarf Phil , Alotaibi Naif Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews works that consider the mathematical modelling of mission-abort policies (MAPs). In a MAP, a valuable, and perhaps, vulnerable system performs a mission with two, sometimes conflicting objectives, mission success and system survival; and the purpose of modelling is to determine the conditions under which a mission should be aborted. Such problems are important in defence and are emerging in transportation and health management. We classify models by the nature of the mission and the system, the nature of the return or rescue, type of deterioration model and the decision objectives. We show that the majority of works consider a model of a one system, one target mission in which the mission is aborted once the hazard of failure reaches a critical level, and the operating environment is the same for the outbound and inbound parts of the mission. Typically, the hazard of failure depends on the number of shocks received so far. Our analysis indicates that there has been little modelling development for multiple systems that can multi-task and for dependent systems with common-cause failures, for example. We find no evidence that MAPs are used in practice and no works reviewed develop software demonstrators. We think there is considerable scope for modelling applications in transportation (e.g. dynamic train re-scheduling and last-mile logistics) and medical treatments, and MAPs may be more general than the literature that we have reviewed suggests.
Metamorphosis Imposes Variable Constraints on Genome Expansion through Effects on Development
Authors: Mueller R Lockridge , Cressler C E , Schwartz R S , Chong R A , Butler M A 
Published: April 2023

Synopsis
Genome size varies ∼100,000-fold across eukaryotes and has long been hypothesized to be influenced by metamorphosis in animals. Transposable element accumulation has been identified as a major driver of increase, but the nature of constraints limiting the size of genomes has remained unclear, even as traits such as cell size and rate of development co-vary strongly with genome size. Salamanders, which possess diverse metamorphic and non-metamorphic life histories, join the lungfish in having the largest vertebrate genomes—3 to 40 times that of humans—as well as the largest range of variation in genome size. We tested 13 biologically-inspired hypotheses exploring how the form of metamorphosis imposes varying constraints on genome expansion in a broadly representative phylogeny containing 118 species of salamanders. We show that metamorphosis during which animals undergo the most extensive and synchronous remodeling imposes the most severe constraint against genome expansion, with the severity of constraint decreasing with reduced extent and synchronicity of remodeling. More generally, our work demonstrates the potential for broader interpretation of phylogenetic comparative analysis in exploring the balance of multiple evolutionary pressures shaping phenotypic evolution.
Empirical use of temocillin in hospitalized patients: results from a retrospective audit
Authors: Kandil Hala , Gray Robert M , El-Hamad Rakan , Vidwans Madhuri , Vaghela Tejal , Naji Omar , Van De Velde Sebastien 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Following a global shortage of piperacillin/tazobactam in 2017, a formulary decision was taken at a large District General Hospital in the East of England to partly replace piperacillin/tazobactam with either temocillin as monotherapy or as part of a combination regimen. A retrospective audit was then conducted to assess the clinical effectiveness of temocillin therapy.

Methods
Data from patients admitted to Watford General Hospital between May and August 2017 and treated with temocillin were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics of patients, data related to the episode of infection, clinical success, tolerance and mortality were analysed.

Results
Temocillin was used in 126 patients with median age of 73 years. Infection episodes mostly originated from the abdomen (n = 46), the lung (n = 40) and the urinary tract (n = 21). Seventy-seven patients received temocillin as first-line therapy and 106 received it empirically, with temocillin prescribed in combination with another antibiotic in 82% of the empirically treated cases. Clinical success was observed in 88.9% of cases with no difference between patients treated empirically and others (89.6% versus 85%) or in efficacy among abdominal (91%), pulmonary (87.5%) and urinary (81%) infections. One case of Clostridioides difficile infection was reported in a patient treated with four different antibiotics. During the shortage period, the hospital’s standardized mortality ratio was significantly lower when compared with the same period of the preceding year (85 versus 96).

Conclusions
Using temocillin as part of an empirical strategy is feasible and safe as long as appropriate antibiotic combination is recommended based upon the indication and the likely bacterial pathogen.
Robust full-waveform inversion based on automatic differentiation and differentiable dynamic time warping
Authors: Liu Yingchang , Tang Jie , Tang Zhengwei , Sun Chengyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFull waveform inversion is a methodology that determines high-resolution parameters. The widely used L2-norm misfit function has local minima if the low wavenumber components are not accurate. Suffering from a cycle skipping problem, the solution of waveform inversion will be trapped in the local minima. Dynamic time warping aims to find an optimal alignment between two signals, which is a more robust measure to avoid cycle-skipping challenges. However, the discontinuity makes the conventional dynamic time warping distance unsuitable for waveform inversion. We introduce a soft dynamic time warping distance as the misfit function, which is differentiable in that the inverted solution can converge to the accurate global minimum. We compare the convexity of the L2-norm and soft dynamic time warping distance and show that the soft dynamic time warping distance has a wider convexity range with different time shift and amplitudes. It can alleviate the half-wavelength limitation of the conventional L2-norm. We calculate the gradient using the automatic differentiation technique and the minibatch strategy and then analyse the alignment paths of different smooth parameters. A significant smooth parameter γ makes the Soft-DTW distance tending to the L2-norm, which generates new local minima. We recommend a small smooth parameter to ensure the convexity of the Soft-DTW distance. Numerical examples show that the soft dynamic time warping can effectively reconstruct the deep velocity parameters of the BG Compass and Marmousi models with noise robustness and lower dependence on the initial model.
3D pole-pole responses of buried anisotropic targets and various anisotropic backgrounds in direct-current resistivity survey
Authors: Ma Fengqun , Tan Handong , Kong Wenxin , Zhu Depeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany rocks often have the electrical anisotropy property that produces quite different responses from the electrical isotropic rocks. We applied an advanced modeling method to calculate the apparent resistivity responses over an anisotropic target in a homogenous isotropic backgound and an isotropic target embedded in different anisotropic host rocks. We demonstrated comprehensive modeling experiments to characterize the responses of surface pole-pole surveys to the buried targets in different geological backgrounds, which vary in the principal resistivities and Euler angles of the targets or the host rocks. Our modeling results show that: (i) the location of current injection controls the apparent resistivity images in value and shape; (ii) almost circle-contours or more or less elongated contours appear in the apparent resistivity images for the anisotropic targets; (iii) the isotropic target embedded in the anisotropic host rock generates some radial patterns from the current injection point; (iv) the anisotropy strike angles can be obtained from the symmetry axis of the apparent resistivity contours; and (v) multiple locations of current injections throughout the detection region are necessary for the surface pole-pole survey to avoid misleading data interpretation.
Isolation and characterization of gut bacteria associated with the degradation of host-specific terpenoids in Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae
Authors: Qiao Heng , Zhu Han , Li Hui , Chen Hongjian , Li Shouyin , Chen Cong , Hao Dejun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Insect intestinal bacteria play an important role in resisting defensive substances of host plants. Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) feeds exclusively on camphor trees (Cinnamomum camphora, Laurales: Lauraceae) in China, causing substantial economic and ecological losses. It is unclear how the larvae of P. tsushimanus outcome the main secondary metabolites of C. camphora such as D-camphor, eucalyptol, and linalool. In this study, we isolated terpenoid-degrading bacteria from the gut of P. tsushimanus larvae by using selective culture medium. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses were performed with 16S rDNA sequences to identify the bacteria, and results showed ten strains belonged to four genera, including Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Corynebacterium. Then, gas chromatography was employed to determine the degradability of D-camphor, eucalyptol, and linalool by the isolated strains, results showed that Z5 strain (i.e., Corynebacterium variabile, Actinomycetales: Corynebacteriaceae), F1 strain (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonaceae), and A3 strain (i.e., Serratia marcescens, Enterobacterales: Enterobacteriaceae) had the highest degradation rates of D-camphor, linalool, and eucalyptol, respectively. The intestinal bacteria were capable of terpenoid degradation in vitro, which suggested that these gut bacteria associated with P. tsushimanus play an important role in overcoming host plant secondary metabolite defense, thereby facilitating the host specialization of this pest.
Kidney function in patients with ovarian cancer treated with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Hanna Paul E , Ouyang Tianqi , Yamada Karla Sofia , Sawtell Rani , Wang Qiyu , Katz-Agranov Nurit , Feghali Lea , Krasner Carolyn N , Bouberhan Sara , Castro Cesar M , Sise Meghan E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have revolutionized the treatment of ovarian cancer; however, real-world data on kidney function among patients treated with PARPi are lacking.

Methods
We identified adults treated with olaparib or niraparib between 2015 and 2021 at a major cancer center in Boston, MA, USA. We determined the incidence of any acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as at least a 1.5-fold rise in serum creatinine from baseline in the first 12 months following PARPi initiation. We calculated the percentage of patients with any AKI and sustained AKI and adjudicated the etiologies by manual chart review. We compared trajectories in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among PARPi-treated and carboplatin and paclitaxel-treated patients with ovarian cancer, matched by baseline eGFR.

Results
Of 269 patients, 60 (22.3%) developed AKI, including 43 of 194 (22.1%) olaparib-treated patients and 17 of 75 (22.7%) niraparib-treated patients. Only 9 of 269 (3.3%) had AKI attributable to the PARPi. Of the 60 patients with AKI, 21 (35%) had sustained AKI, of whom 6 had AKI attributable to the PARPi (2.2% of the whole cohort). eGFR declined within 30 days post-PARPi initiation by 9.61 (SD = 11.017)  mL/min per 1.73 m2 but recovered by 8.39 (SD = 14.05)  mL/min per 1.73 m2 within 90 days after therapy cessation. There was no difference in eGFR at 12 months post-therapy initiation in patients receiving PARPi or controls receiving carboplatin and paclitaxel (P = .29).

Conclusions
AKI is common following PARPi initiation as is a transient decline in eGFR; however, sustained AKI directly attributable to the PARPi and long-term eGFR decline are uncommon.
Characterization of a salt-resistant isocitrate lyase gene from mangrove wetland using shotgun metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhang Wenfei , Li Dongming , Jin Yinghong , Rong Xianzi , Xu Yuquan , Wang Ruiping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Isocitrate lyase (ICL), as the key enzyme in the glyoxylate metabolic pathway, plays an important role in metabolic adaptation to environmental changes. In this study, metagenomic DNA from the soil and water microorganism collected from the Dongzhai Harbor Mangroves (DHM) reserve, in Haikou City, China, was high-throughput sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. The icl121 gene, encoding an ICL with the highly conserved catalytic pattern IENQVSDEKQCGHQD was identified. Then, this gene was subcloned into the pET-30a vector and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The maximum enzymatic activity of the recombinant ICL121 protein is 9.47 × 102 U/mg occurring at pH 7.5 and 37°C. Furthermore, as a metalo-enzyme, ICL121 can utilize the appropriate concentrations of Mg2+, Mn2+, and Na+ ion as cofactors to exhibit high enzymatic activity. In particular, the novel metagenomic-derived icl121 gene displayed distinct salt tolerance (NaCl) and might be useful for generating salt-tolerant crops in the future.
Improvement of solubility of phospholipase D fromStreptomyces antibioticusin recombinantEscherichia coliand its application for the enzymatic synthesis of a non-natural plasmalogen
Authors: Yamaguchi Riko , Akter Shamoli , Kanehama Aki , Iwamoto Takahiro , Hasegawa Meme , Ito Akeno , Nishimukai Megumi , Yamada Miwa , Kashiwagi Akiko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlasmalogens are a subclass of glycerophospholipids that have a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position and are thought to have several physiological functions. The creation of non-natural plasmalogens with functional groups is desired for the establishment of the prevention of diseases caused by the depletion of plasmalogens. Phospholipase D (PLD) has both hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation activities. In particular, PLD from Streptomyces antibioticus has been investigated extensively due to its high transphosphatidylation activity. However, it has been difficult to stably express recombinant PLD in Escherichia coli and to express it as a soluble protein. In this study, we used the E. coli strain, SoluBL21™, and achieved stable PLD expression from the T7 promoter and increased soluble fraction in the cell. We also improved the purification method of PLD using His-tag at the C terminus. We obtained PLD with ∼730 mU mg−1 protein of specific activity, and the yield was ∼420 mU l−1 culture, corresponding to 76 mU per gram of wet cells. Finally, we synthesized a non-natural plasmalogen with 1,4-cyclohexanediol bound to the phosphate group at the sn-3 position by transphosphatidylation of the purified PLD. This method will contribute to the expansion of the chemical structure library of non-natural plasmalogens.
Counterfactual Decision Theory
Authors: Hedden Brian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractI defend counterfactual decision theory, which says that you should evaluate an action in terms of which outcomes would likely obtain were you to perform it. Counterfactual decision theory has traditionally been subsumed under causal decision theory as a particular formulation of the latter. This is a mistake. Counterfactual decision theory is importantly different from, and superior to, causal decision theory, properly so called. Causation and counterfactuals come apart in three kinds of cases. In cases of overdetermination, an action can cause a good outcome without the latter counterfactually depending on the former. In cases of constitution, an action can constitute a good outcome rather than causing it. And in cases of determinism, either the laws or the past counterfactually depend on your action, even though your action cannot cause the laws or the past to be different. In each of these cases, it is counterfactual decision theory which gives the right verdict, and for the right reasons.
Optimizing the observation of optical kilonovae with medium-size telescopes
Authors: Camisasca A E , Steele I A , Bulla M , Guidorzi C , Shrestha M 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We consider the optimization of the observing strategy (cadence, exposure time, and filter choice) using medium-size (2-m-class) optical telescopes in the follow-up of kilonovae localized with arcminute accuracy to be able to distinguish among various kilonova models and viewing angles. To develop an efficient observation plan, we made use of the synthetic light curves obtained with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code POlarization Spectral Synthesis In Supernovae for different kilonova models and as a function of different viewing angles and distances. By adding the appropriate photon counting noise to the synthetic light curves, we analysed four alternative sequences having the same total time exposure of 8 h, with different time windows (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h), each with i, r, and u filters, to determine the observing sequence that maximizes the chance of a correct identification of the model parameters. We suggest to avoid u filter and to avoid the use of colour curves. We also found that, if the error on distance is ≤$2~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, 0.5, 1, and 2-h time window sequences are equivalent, so we suggest to use 2-h one, because it has 1-d cadence, so it can be easily realized. When the distance of the source is unknown, 0.5-h time window sequence is preferable.
Two-temperature GRMHD simulations of black hole accretion flows with multiple magnetic loops
Authors: Jiang Hong-Xuan , Mizuno Yosuke , Fromm Christian M , Nathanail Antonios 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We have performed a series of two-dimensional two-temperature general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetized accretion flows initiated from tori with different sizes and poloidal magnetic loop polarities. In these two-temperature simulations, we trace the process of heating electrons through turbulence and reconnection, most of the time these electrons are trapped in plasmoids. We found that the accretion process strongly depends on the size of the magnetic loops. The accretion flows never reach the magnetically arrested (MAD) regime in small loop cases. Interaction between magnetic field with different polarities dissipates and decreases the efficiency of magnetorotational instability. The dependence on the wavelength of the loops places a lower limit on the loop size. In the large loop cases, after reaching a quasi-steady phase, a transition from standard and normal evolution flow to MAD flow is observed. The transition of the accretion state and the transition time depends on the initial loop wavelength. The formation of plasmoids strongly depends on the size of the magnetic loops. The frequent magnetic reconnection between the magnetic loops is responsible for the formation of most of the plasmoids. For some plasmoids, Kelvin–Helmholtz and tearing instabilities are coexisting, showing another channel of plasmoid formation. The simulations present that electrons in the plasmoids are well-heated up by turbulent and magnetic reconnection. Different properties of plasmoid formation in different magnetic field configurations provide new insights for the understanding of flaring activity and electron thermodynamics in Sagittarius A*.
Wasserstein distance as a new tool for discriminating cosmologies through the topology of large-scale structure
Authors: Tsizh Maksym , Tymchyshyn Vitalii , Vazza Franco 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, we test Wasserstein distance in conjunction with persistent homology as a tool for discriminating large-scale structures of simulated universes with different values of σ8 cosmological parameter (present root-mean-square matter fluctuation averaged over a sphere of radius 8 Mpc comoving). The Wasserstein distance (a.k.a. the pair-matching distance) was proposed to measure the difference between two networks in terms of persistent homology. The advantage of this approach consists in its non-parametric way of probing the topology of the cosmic web, in contrast to graph-theoretical approach depending on linking length. By treating the haloes of the cosmic web as points in a point cloud, we calculate persistent homologies, build persistence (birth–death) diagrams, and evaluate Wasserstein distance between them. The latter showed itself as a convenient tool to compare simulated cosmic webs. We show that one can discern two cosmic webs (simulated or real) with different σ8 parameter. It turns out that Wasserstein distance’s discrimination ability depends on redshift z, as well as on the dimensionality of considered homology features. We find that the highest discriminating power this tool obtains is at z = 2 snapshots, among the considered z = 2, 1, and 0.1 ones.