bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated microwave neural network for broadband computation and communication
Authors: GOVIND BAL , Anderson Maxwell , Wu Fan , McMahon Peter , Apsel Alyssa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

High-bandwidth applications, from multi-gigabit communication and high-performance computing to radar signal processing, demand ever-increasing processing speeds. However, they face limitations in signal sampling and computation due to hardware and power constraints. In the microwave regime, where operating frequencies exceed the fastest clock rates, direct sampling becomes difficult, prompting interest in neuromorphic analog computing systems. We present the first demonstration of direct broadband frequency domain computing using an integrated circuit that replaces traditional analog and digital interfaces. This features a Microwave Neural Network (MNN) that operates on signals spanning tens of gigahertz, yet reprogrammed with slow, 150 MBit/sec control bitstreams. By leveraging significant nonlinearity in coupled microwave oscillators, features learned from a wide bandwidth are encoded in a comb-like spectrum spanning only a few gigahertz, enabling easy inference. We find that the MNN can search for bit sequences in arbitrary, ultra-broadband
10 GBit/sec digital data, demonstrating suitability for high-speed wireline communication.
Notably, it can emulate high-level digital functions without custom on-chip circuits, potentially replacing power-hungry sequential logic architectures. Its ability to track frequency changes over long capture times also allows for determining flight trajectories from radar returns. Furthermore, it serves as an accelerator for radio-frequency machine learning, capable of accurately classifying various encoding schemes used in wireless communication. The MNN achieves true, reconfigurable broadband computation, which has not yet been demonstrated by classical analog modalities, quantum reservoir computers using superconducting circuits, or photonic tensor cores, and avoids
the inefficiencies of electro-optic transduction. Its sub-wavelength footprint in a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor process and sub-200 milliwatt power consumption enable seamless integration as a general-purpose analog neural processor in microwave and digital signal processing chips.
Two and a half centuries of land reclamation, intensification, and urbanization homogenized northern Belgium landscapes
Authors: De Keersmaeker Luc , Roggemans Pieter , Poelmans Lien , Priem Frederik , Taillir Stijn , Petermans Toon , Valckenborgh Jo Van 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We quantified historical land-use with deep learning segmentation, applied to tiled historical maps, and identified 3 successive drivers of long-term (1774–2022) landscape transformation in northern Belgium (13,800 km2). Between 1774 and 1873, land reclamation halved the area of natural and semi-natural land-use. Agricultural intensification was the main driver in the next time interval (1873–1969), as the area of grassland and orchard doubled at the expense of arable land. Urbanization marked the last time interval (1969–2022) and reduced agricultural land-use. The reclamation of fertile soils for agriculture and the shift of forests to sand soils previously covered by heathland first increased the association of land-use classes to soil groups. After 1873 this association progressively weakened by expansion of grasslands beyond valleys and polders and urbanization disregarding soils. A sharp rise of land-use interspersion indicated that landscape transformation culminated between 1873 and 1969 and resulted in the homogenization of previously distinct landscapes.
Analysis of Biofilm Assembly by Large Area Automated AFM
Authors: Millan-Solsona Ruben , Brown Spenser R. , Zhang Lance , Madugula Sita Sirisha , Zhao HuanHuan , Dumerer Blythe , Bible Amber N. , Lavrik Nickolay V. , Vasudevan Rama K. , Biswas Arpan , Morrell-Falvey Jennifer L. , Retterer Scott , Checa Martí , Collins Liam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Biofilms are complex microbial communities critical in medical, industrial, and environmental contexts. Understanding their assembly, structure, genetic regulation, interspecies interactions, and environmental responses is key to developing effective control and mitigation strategies. While Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) offers critically important high-resolution insights on structural and functional properties at the cellular and even sub-cellular level, its limited scan range and labor-intensive nature restricts the ability to link these smaller scale features to the functional macroscale organization of the films. We begin to address this limitation by introducing an automated large area AFM approach capable of capturing high-resolution images over millimeter-scale areas, aided by machine learning for seamless image stitching, cell detection, and classification. Large area AFM is shown to provide a very detailed view of spatial heterogeneity and cellular morphology during the early stages of biofilm formation which were previously obscured. Using this approach, we examined the adhesion and organization of Pantoea sp. YR343 on PFOTS-treated glass surfaces, as a model system. Our findings reveal a preferred cellular orientation among surface-attached cells, forming a distinctive honeycomb pattern. Detailed mapping of flagella interactions suggests that flagellar coordination plays a role in biofilm assembly beyond initial attachment. Additionally, we utilized large-area AFM to characterize surface modifications on silicon substrates featuring a pillar/ridge architecture. Certain ridge spacings disrupted the honeycomb structures, underscoring the potential of this method for screening surfaces or combinatorial libraries of surface modifications to enhance our understanding and control of bacterial cell attachment and subsequent biofilm formation.
How Crystallization Additives Govern Perovskite Grain Growth.
Authors: Brinkmann Kai , Maschwitz Timo , Merten Lena , Ünlü Feray , Kotthaus Andreas , Majewski Martin , Barzoki Fatemeh Haddadi , Kreusel Cedric , Theisen Manuel , Wang Pang , Schiffer Maximilian , Weidner Henrik , Schultheis Sara , Marioth Gregor , Gidaszewski Dawid , Julliev Zavkiddin , Kneschaurek Ekaterina , Munteanu Valentin , Bertram Florian , JAFFRÈS Anaël , He Junjie , Ashurov Nigmat , Wolff Christian , Grüninger Helen , Ronsin Olivier , Harting Jens , Kirsch Stefan , Unger Eva Unger , Mathur Sanjay , Hinderhofer Alexander , Schreiber Frank , Riedl Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The preparation of perovskite solar cells from the liquid phase is a cornerstone of their immense potential. However, a clear relationship between the precursor ink and the resulting perovskite is missing. Established theories, such as heterogeneous nucleation and lead complex colloid formation often prove unreliable, which has led to an overreliance on heuristics. Most high-performing perovskites use additives to control crystallization; their role during crystallization is, however, elusive. Here, we provide strong evidence that typical crystallization additives do not predominantly impact the nucleation phase, but rather facilitate coarsening grain growth by increasing ion-mobility across grain boundaries. Drawing from the insights of our unprecedentedly broad study, that combines e and in situ characterization methods, devices and simulations, we propose a concept that proves valid for various additives and perovskite formulations. Moreover, we establish a direct link between additive engineering and perovskite post-processing, offering a unified framework for advancing material design and process engineering.
Hydroxide exchange membrane carbon capture using a nickel hydroxide symmetric battery cell
Authors: Yan Yushan , Buchen James , Wang Teng , Achrai Ben , Hiegel Jean-Philippe , Gluz Naama , Artoul Maurice , Geiger Braden , Setzler Brian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Electrochemical carbon capture devices can be a low energy cost solution for direct air capture (DAC) using renewable electricity. Historically electrochemical carbon-capture has targeted a range of concentrations from atmospheric (400 ppmCO2) (DAC), 1 to life-support (5000 ppmCO2), 2 to point-source capture (10% CO2). 3 The hydroxide exchange membrane nickel hydroxide symmetric battery cell with two identical electrodes has low voltage requirements making it more suitable for DAC than other electrochemical approaches. A 25 cm 2 laboratory cell shows an average energy cost of 1.15 MWh·tonCO2 −1 and a CO2 flux of 78 kgCO2·m2·yr− 1 at 2 mA·cm− 2. A manufacturable 25 cm 2 cell is durability tested for 5000 hours and achieves an energy of 0.46 MWh·tonCO2 −1 and a flux of 62 kgCO2·m2·yr− 1 at the end of the test. A DAC pilot system with a stack of 9 scaled-up 300 cm 2 cells demonstrates an energy of 0.83 MWh·tonCO2 −1 and a flux of 75 kgCO2·m2·yr− 1 and meets the 300 Pa pressure drop required for DAC. 4 Modular design projects improvements in cost from manufacturing and economies of scale, and a pathway to below 100 $·tonCO2 −1 from learning rates of past energy technologies. 5
Decoding KGK VI Population Movements: Strontium Isotope and Proteomic Insights from the Gumelnița Site (Romania)
Authors: Tafani Aurélien , Greco Enrico , Tykot Robert H , Barbieri Pierluigi , Gaspari Marco , Gabriele Caterina , Toma Andreea , Culea Mihaela , Manea Bogdan , Darie Adelina , Opriș Vasile , Ignat Theodor , Vasile Gabriel , Bălășescu Adrian , Radu Valentin , Popescu Gabriel , Covătaru Cristina , Marin Elia , Salesse Kévin , James Hannah F. , Snoeck Christophe , Lazăr Cătălin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The Kodjadermen-Gumelnița-Karonovo VI human group (KGK VI) reached its maximal extension around 4500 BC, covering a large area comprised between southern Ukraine and northern Greece. Afterward, its distribution gradually receded, before vanishing altogether at the end of the fifth – early fourth millenniums BC. This study seeks to investigate the role of individual mobility during this process by performing strontium isotopic analyses on the human remains found at Gumelnița, Romania. It provides 87Sr/86Sr values for 21 human tooth enamel samples from 17 different individuals, together with those of 60 plant samples from 20 different locations (15 in Romania and 5 in Bulgaria) that were used to create a bioavailable strontium (BASr) baseline of the region. To obtain reliable sex estimations, proteomic analysis of amelogenin of human tooth enamel were also performed on seven individuals. According to the results, four individuals, three females and one male, should be considered as non-local, and may have spent their childhood on the southern bank of the Danube River. These data suggest that individual mobility was particularly prevalent during the last centuries of the fifth millennium, when the KGK VI complex was undergoing a process of disintegration.
Grey and White Matter alterations in Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder: a Data Fusion Machine Learning approach
Authors: Arena Lorenzo , Peñate Wenceslao , Rivero Francisco , Marrero Rosario J. , Olivares Teresa , Scarano Alessandro , Fumero Ascensión , Grecucci Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is a complex mental condition marked by excessive perfectionism, orderliness, and rigidity, often starting in adolescence or early adulthood; it affects 1.9–7.8% of the population. The disorder differs from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) for an apparent compromise of personality, distorted self-representation and altered perception of others. Although the two disorders present evident differences, unlike OCD, the neural bases of OCPD are understudied. The few studies conducted so far have identified grey matter alterations in brain regions such as the striatum and prefrontal cortex, but a comprehensive model of its neurobiology, and the eventual contribution of white matter abnormalities, are still unclear. One intriguing hypothesis is that regions ascribed to the Default Mode Network are involved in OCPD, similar to what has been shown for OCD and other anxiety disorders. To test this hypothesis, the grey and white matter images of 30 individuals diagnosed with OCPD (73% female, mean age = 29.300), and 34 healthy matched controls (82% female, mean age = 25.599) were analyzed with a data fusion unsupervised machine learning method known as Parallel Independent Component Analysis (pICA) to detect the joint contribution of these modalities to the OCPD diagnosis. Results indicated that two gray matter networks (GM5 and GM23) and one white matter network (WM25) differed between the OCPD and the control group. GM5 included brain regions belonging to the Default Mode Network and Salience Network, and was significantly correlated with anxiety; GM-23 included portions of the cerebellum, the precuneus, and the fusiform gyrus; WM-25 included white matter portions adjacent to Default Mode Network regions. These findings shed new light on the grey and white matter contributions to OCPD and may pave the way to developing objective markers of this disorder.
Generation of cross-polarized light and the effect of magnetic moments on plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Motogaito Atsushi , Egawa Natsuki , Hiramatsu Kazumasa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

There have been many reports on the generation of cross-polarized light in the infrared-to-radio-wave regions, but few reports on the generation of cross-polarized light in the visible region because this would require fabricating metasurfaces that consist of structures smaller than the wavelength in the visible region. In this study, we aimed to realize a circular polarization conversion element using a reflective plasmonic metasurface that generates cross-polarized light across a wide band of short visible wavelengths. To achieve this, we designed an aluminum (Al)-based reflective plasmonic metasurface and investigated a cross-polarization conversion mechanism by analyzing the role of the magnetic moment in the electromagnetic field distribution. The metasurface, which is composed of Al rectangular structures, demonstrated a reflectance of 62% for circularly cross-polarized light within the range of 450–600 nm on the visible spectrum, and co-polarized light was notably absent in this wavelength region. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of the magnetic moment in the generation of cross-polarized light. Specifically, a magnetic moment is induced on the surface of the Al rectangular structures, where the electric field is concentrated at the ends of their longer sides. This concentration extends the distance over which the current flowing through the rectangle is propagated, thereby enhancing the magnetic moment generated along the shorter sides. As a result, a significant phase delay is introduced, which enables an efficient cross-polarization conversion. In conclusion, we clarified the method and mechanism for generating cross-polarized light over a wide band in the short visible wavelengths of light.
Heterogeneity and plasticity of the naïve CD4+ T cell compartment
Authors: Lines J. Louise , Sajani Alia , Schaafsma Evelien , Croteau Walburga , ElTanbouly Mohamed , Nowak Elizabeth , Cheng Chao , Burns Christopher , Turk Mary , NOELLE RANDOLPH J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

While naïve CD4+ T cells have historically been considered a homogenous population, recent studies have provided evidence that functional heterogeneity exists within this population. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), we identify five transcriptionally distinct naïve CD4+ T cell subsets that emerge within the single positive stage in the thymus: a quiescence cluster (TQ), a memory-like cluster (TMEM), a TCR reactive cluster (TTCR), an IFN responsive cluster (TIFN), and an undifferentiated cluster (TUND). Elevated expression of transcription factors KLF2, Mx1, and Nur77 within the TQ, TIFN, and TMEM clusters, respectively, allowed enrichment of these subsets for further analyses. Functional studies using sorted cells revealed that naïve T cell subsets have distinctive functional biases upon stimulation. Furthermore, treatment of mice with inflammatory stimuli imparted a state of reduced responsiveness on naïve T cells, evidenced by a reduction in cytokine production ex vivo. In human lupus patients, naïve CD4+ T cell cluster frequencies were distorted, with the TIFN cluster expanding proportionately with disease score. Our data show that naïve T cells are influenced by host environment, with functional consequences manifesting upon activation. These findings highlight a need to explore how naïve T cells can become distorted in cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases.
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated health risks of foodborne pathogens in street foods sold in elementary schools, Yaounde, Cameroon
Authors: Tanyitiku Mary Nkongho , Agwanande Wilson , Teh Exodus Akwa , Laison Royas Mawe , Petcheu Igor Casimir Njombissie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives: Street foods are an affordable source of nutrition in Cameroon; however, their association with microbial pathogens poses significant risks to public health. We investigated 160 street food samples sold within elementary schools for the presence of foodborne pathogens and also the antimicrobial resistance of cultured-confirmed bacteria isolates.
Results: The total viable count of seven (bread, spaghetti, fish, peanuts, eggs, beef, pepper) of eight street foods (except beans sauce) were >105cfu/g and indicated unsatisfactory levels for human consumption. Also, 16 bacteria pathogens with at least one in each street food were identified: E. coli was the most prevalent 47.50% (76/160), followed by Staphylococcus aureus 39.37% (63/160) in foods such as beef 80% (16/20) and bread 85% (17/20). Salmonella spp. 32.50% (52/160), Campylobacter spp. 14.37% (23/160) and Shigella spp. 23.75% (38/160) were largely isolated in eggs 60% (12/20), 35% (7/10), and pepper 40% (8/20) sauces respectively. Furthermore, except E. coli, all bacteria isolates were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Yersinia enterocolitica was the most susceptible to ciprofloxacin 90.90% (10/11), tetracycline 81.81% (9/11), gentamicin 81.81% (5/11), and chloramphenicol 90.09% (10/11). Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., and E. coli were highly resistant to chloramphenicol 90.47% (57/63), tetracycline 82.60% (19/23), gentamicin 81.57% (62/76), and vancomycin 64.47% (49/76), respectively.
Effects of histidine and metformin on the risk of diabetic nephropathy and its influence pathway in a female population: A cross-sectional study in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Luo Wei-Ming , Ma Yuan-Yuan , Liu Hui-Ying , Xie Peng-Zhe , Zhang Wei , Zheng Jun , Fang Zhong-Ze , Zhang Qiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study explored the effect of histidine on the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in different sex populations and its specific possible pathway, as well as the influence of metformin on the pathway.
Methods
This study retrieved 1031 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and performed a cross-sectional study at the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China. We used stepwise logistic regression to analyze the association between histidine and diabetic nephropathy in the general population and in sex-stratified populations. Mediating effect analysis was used to explore the specific pathway of this relationship in the female population.
Results
The protective effect of histidine on diabetic nephropathy was influenced by sex and was significant in women (univariable: OR: 0.68 (95% CI: 0.5,0.93), multivariable: OR: 0.54 (95% CI: 0.38,0.78)). The specific pathway of its effect was partly through affecting tryptophan metabolism.
Conclusions
The protective effect of histidine against diabetic nephropathy in the female population was stronger than that in the general population and was negatively affected by metformin. This helps us pay more attention to the clinical nutritional and preventive value of histidine and tryptophan in female diabetic patients.
The Importance of Paranasal Tomography in Planning Septorhinoplasty
Authors: TECİMER SEVİLAY HANÇER , EMEKLİ ZEYNEP İSKENDER , TEKİN PINAR , ÇİMEN AYLA ÖZAYDOĞDU 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to emphasize the importance of paranasal tomography imaging before septorhinoplasty surgery. Preoperative evaluation of nasal bone structure, medial and lateral bone thickness will be a plan for the surgical approach.
Method
Paranasal sinus tomographies of 200 patients who were planned to undergo septorhinoplasty were examined retrospectively. Bilateral nasal bone length, medial and lateral bone thickness, pyriform aperture width and height were measured.
Results
The mean thickness of the right lateral osteotomy line was 1,66 mm in males and 1,54 mm in females, left lateral osteotomy line 1,67 mm in males and 1,54 mm in females. The mean thickness of the medial osteotomy line was 1,68 mm in males and 1,58 mm in females. The mean length of the nasal bone was 22,78 mm in males and 24,27 mm in females. The mean width of the pyriform aperture was 20,49 mm in males and 20,49 mm in females. The mean height of the pyriform aperture was 35,54 mm in males and 33,93 mm in females. The mean length of the right lateral nasal bone was 24,81 mm in males and 21,14 mm in females, the left lateral nasal bone was 23,91 mm in males and 20,63 mm in females.
Conclusion
This study contributed to the determination of morphological characteristics of the Turkish population by revealing data on nasal bone structure, piriform aperture width and height. Knowing the thickness of the nasal bone and applying appropriate force during osteotomy can prevent the complications. There is no study in the literature measuring lateral nasal bone length. Our research measured right and left lateral bone length for the first time. We believe that this information is important in planning osteotomy for septorhinoplasty operation.
Diffusion of innovation of RET’s renewable energy technologies in transition economies using diffusion models. (Case for Germany and Western Balkan countries)
Authors: Shaqe Erlet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to highlight how the diffusion of innovative new RET’s renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind, in Western Balkan countries as transition economies, could have a significant impact on reaching the EU Green Deal energy transition targets of "no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050” and the Paris Agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and transition of these economies to low-carbon development paths [1]. The purpose of this analysis is to present sufficient evidence regarding the reliability and viability of the adapted renewable energy technologies, specifically solar PV and wind technologies. Additionally, it aims to assess the diffusion of innovation in these technologies and predict the extent to which the growth of these innovative technologies is contributing to the achievement of national energy transition objectives for Western Balkan countries. This research will utilize diffusion models dual phase logistic (bi-logistic) and Gompertz for the objective of analysing the adoption and forecasting RET’s wind and solar PV, since it has been shown to be effective in previous research studies [2]. The proposed methodology will be utilized to examine the cumulative capacity (measured in megawatts MW) of renewable energy technologies (RETs) wind and solar PV throughout the previous ten-year period for WB6 and from 1990 for Germany. The utilization diffusion models simulation scenarios will enable the projection of solar PV and wind technologies penetration up until the year 2035 and 2050.