bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principal component analysis of flow-volume curves in COPDGene to link spirometry with phenotypes of COPD
Authors: Verstraete Kenneth , Das Nilakash , Gyselinck Iwein , Topalovic Marko , Troosters Thierry , Crapo James D. , Silverman Edwin K. , Make Barry J. , Regan Elizabeth A. , Jensen Robert , De Vos Maarten , Janssens Wim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Parameters from maximal expiratory flow-volume curves (MEFVC) have been linked to CT-based parameters of COPD. However, the association between MEFVC shape and phenotypes like emphysema, small airways disease (SAD) and bronchial wall thickening (BWT) has not been investigated.

Research question
We analyzed if the shape of MEFVC can be linked to CT-determined emphysema, SAD and BWT in a large cohort of COPDGene participants.

Study design and methods
In the COPDGene cohort, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to extract patterns from MEFVC shape and performed multiple linear regression to assess the association of these patterns with CT parameters over the COPD spectrum, in mild and moderate-severe COPD.

Results
Over the entire spectrum, in mild and moderate-severe COPD, principal components of MEFVC were important predictors for the continuous CT parameters. Their contribution to the prediction of emphysema diminished when classical pulmonary function test parameters were added. For SAD, the components remained very strong predictors. The adjusted R2 was higher in moderate-severe COPD, while in mild COPD, the adjusted R2 for all CT outcomes was low; 0.28 for emphysema, 0.21 for SAD and 0.19 for BWT.

Interpretation
The shape of the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve as analyzed with PCA is not an appropriate screening tool for early disease phenotypes identified by CT scan. However, it contributes to assessing emphysema and SAD in moderate-severe COPD.
Implementing a novel capture and ligation probe-PCR method in mass screen and treatment to support malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region
Authors: Sun Xiao-dong , Zhao Ya-ling , Lin Zu-rui , Zhao Ye , Zhou Yao-wu , Li Shi-gang , Guo Xiang-rui , Tian Peng , Duan Kai-xia , Ding Chun-li , Chen Qi-yan , Sui Yuan , Lu Shen-ning , Cotter Chris , Wang Duo-quan , Zheng Zhi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Mass screening and treatment (MSAT) for malaria elimination lacks an ideal diagnostic tool to allow sensitive and affordable test of the target population in the field. This study evaluated whether Capture and Ligation Probe-PCR (CLIP-PCR) could be used in a field MSAT in Laiza City, Myanmar.

Methods
On day 0, two dried blood spots were collected from each participant. On day 1, all samples were screened for Plasmodium in a 20 m2 laboratory with workbench, a biosafety cabinet, a refrigerator, a benchtop shaking incubator and a qPCR machine, by four technicians using CLIP-PCR with sample pooling, at a health clinic of the Chinese bordering town of Nabang. On day 2, all positives were followed up and treated.

Results
Of 15,038 persons (65% of the total population) screened, 204 (1.36%) were CLIP-PCR positives. Among them, 188, 14, and 2 were infected with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and P. vivax/P. falciparum mix, respectively. The testing capacity was 538 persons/day, with a cost of US$0.92 /person. The proportion of submicroscopic infection was 64.7%. All positive individuals received treatment within 72 h after blood collection.

Conclusion
Using CLIP-PCR in MSAT in low transmission settings can support the malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region.
The development of a home-based technology to improve gait in people with Parkinson's disease: a feasibility study
Authors: Yogev-Seligmann Galit , Josman Naomi , Bitterman Noemi , Rosenblum Sara , Naaman Sitar , Gilboa Yafit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
People with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) may experience gait impairment and freezing of gait (FOG), a major cause of falls. External cueing, including visual (e.g., spaced lines on the floor) and auditory (e.g., rhythmic metronome beats) stimuli, are considered effective in alleviating mobility deficits and FOG. Currently, there is a need for a technology that delivers automatic, individually adjusted cues in the homes of PwP. The aims of this feasibility study were to describe the first step toward the development of a home-based technology that delivers external cues, test its effect on gait, and assess user experience.

Methods
Iterative system development was performed by our multidisciplinary team. The system was designed to deliver visual and auditory cues: light stripes projected on the floor and metronome beats, separately. Initial testing was performed using the feedback of five healthy elderly individuals on the cues’ clarity (clear visibility of the light stripes and the sound of metronome beats) and discomfort experienced. A pilot study was subsequently conducted in the homes of 15 PwP with daily FOG. We measured participants' walking under three conditions: baseline (with no cues), walking with light stripes, and walking to metronome beats. Outcome measures included step length and step time. User experience was also captured in semi-structured interviews.

Results
Repeated-measures ANOVA of gait assessment in PwP revealed that light stripes significantly improved step length (p = 0.009) and step time (p = 0.019) of PwP. No significant changes were measured in the metronome condition. PwP reported that both cueing modalities improved their gait, confidence, and stability. Most PwP did not report any discomfort in either modality and expressed a desire to have such a technology in their homes. The metronome was preferred by the majority of participants.

Conclusions
This feasibility study demonstrated the usability and potential effect of a novel cueing technology on gait, and represents an important first step toward the development of a technology aimed to prevent FOG by delivering individually adjusted cues automatically. A further full-scale study is needed.
Trial registration This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov at 1/2/2022 NCT05211687.
Tenofovir-tethered gold nanoparticles as a novel multifunctional long-acting anti-HIV therapy to overcome deficient drug delivery-: an in vivo proof of concept
Authors: Fotooh Abadi Leila , Kumar Pramod , Paknikar Kishore , Gajbhiye Virendra , Kulkarni Smita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The adoption of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) substantially extends the life expectancy and quality of HIV-infected patients. Yet, eliminating the latent reservoirs of HIV to achieve a cure remains an unmet need. The advent of nanomedicine has revolutionized the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The present study explores a unique combination of Tenofovir (TNF) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a potential therapeutic approach to overcome several limitations of the current ART.

Results
TNF-tethered AuNPs were successfully synthesized. Cell viability, genotoxicity, haemolysis, and histopathological studies confirmed the complete safety of the preparation. Most importantly, its anti-HIV1 reverse transcriptase activity was ~ 15 folds higher than the native TNF. In addition, it exhibited potent anti-HIV1 protease activity, a much sought-after target in anti-HIV1 therapeutics. Finally, the in vivo biodistribution studies validated that the AuNPs could reach many tissues/organs, serving as a secure nest for HIV and overcoming the problem of deficient drug delivery to HIV reservoirs.

Conclusions
We show that the combination of TNF and AuNPs exhibits multifunctional activity, viz. anti-HIV1 and anti-HIV1 protease. These findings are being reported for the first time and highlight the prospects of developing AuNP-TNF as a novel next-generation platform to treat HIV/AIDS.

Graphical Abstract
Emerging role of microbiota derived outer membrane vesicles to preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic proposes
Authors: Jalalifar Saba , Morovati Khamsi Hassan , Hosseini-Fard Seyed Reza , Karampoor Sajad , Bajelan Bahar , Irajian Gholamreza , Mirzaei Rasoul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe role of gut microbiota and its products in human health and disease is profoundly investigated. The communication between gut microbiota and the host involves a complicated network of signaling pathways via biologically active molecules generated by intestinal microbiota. Some of these molecules could be assembled within nanoparticles known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Recent studies propose that OMVs play a critical role in shaping immune responses, including homeostasis and acute inflammatory responses. Moreover, these OMVs have an immense capacity to be applied in medical research, such as OMV-based vaccines and drug delivery. This review presents a comprehensive overview of emerging knowledge about biogenesis, the role, and application of these bacterial-derived OMVs, including OMV-based vaccines, OMV adjuvants characteristics, OMV vehicles (in conjugated vaccines), cancer immunotherapy, and drug carriers and delivery systems. Moreover, we also highlight the significance of the potential role of these OMVs in diagnosis and therapy.
Accounting for cis-regulatory constraint prioritizes genes likely to affect species-specific traits
Authors: Starr Alexander L. , Gokhman David , Fraser Hunter B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMeasuring allele-specific expression in interspecies hybrids is a powerful way to detectcis-regulatory changes underlying adaptation. However, it remains difficult to identify genes most likely to explain species-specific traits. Here, we outline a simple strategy that leverages population-scale allele-specific RNA-seq data to identify genes that show constrainedcis-regulation within species yet show divergence between species. Applying this strategy to data from human-chimpanzee hybrid cortical organoids, we identify signatures of lineage-specific selection on genes related to saccharide metabolism, neurodegeneration, and primary cilia. We also highlightcis-regulatory divergence inCUX1andEDNRBthat may shape the trajectory of human brain development.
Pan-3D genome analysis reveals structural and functional differentiation of soybean genomes
Authors: Ni Lingbin , Liu Yucheng , Ma Xin , Liu Tengfei , Yang Xiaoyue , Wang Zhao , Liang Qianjin , Liu Shulin , Zhang Min , Wang Zheng , Shen Yanting , Tian Zhixi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
High-order chromatin structure plays important roles in gene regulation. However, the diversity of the three-dimensional (3D) genome across plant accessions are seldom reported.

Results
Here, we perform the pan-3D genome analysis using Hi-C sequencing data from 27 soybean accessions and comprehensively investigate the relationships between 3D genomic variations and structural variations (SVs) as well as gene expression. We find that intersection regions between A/B compartments largely contribute to compartment divergence. Topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries in A compartments exhibit significantly higher density compared to those in B compartments. Pan-3D genome analysis shows that core TAD boundaries have the highest transcription start site (TSS) density and lowest GC content and repeat percentage. Further investigation shows that non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons play important roles in maintaining TAD boundaries, while Gypsy elements and satellite repeats are associated with private TAD boundaries. Moreover, presence and absence variation (PAV) is found to be the major contributor to 3D genome variations. Nevertheless, approximately 55% of 3D genome variations are not associated with obvious genetic variations, and half of them affect the flanking gene expression. In addition, we find that the 3D genome may also undergo selection during soybean domestication.

Conclusion
Our study sheds light on the role of 3D genomes in plant genetic diversity and provides a valuable resource for studying gene regulation and genome evolution.
Adaptive evolutionary strategy coupled with an optimized biosynthesis process for the efficient production of pyrroloquinoline quinone from methanol
Authors: Ren Yang , Yang Xinwei , Ding Lingtao , Liu Dongfang , Tao Yong , Huang Jianzhong , Ke Chongrong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases, is associated with biological processes such as mitochondriogenesis, reproduction, growth, and aging. Due to the extremely high cost of chemical synthesis and low yield of microbial synthesis, the election of effective strains and the development of dynamic fermentation strategies for enhancing PQQ production are meaningful movements to meet the large-scale industrial requirements.

Results
A high-titer PQQ-producing mutant strain, Hyphomicrobium denitrificans FJNU-A26, was obtained by integrating ARTP (atmospheric and room‑temperature plasma) mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution and high-throughput screening strategies. Afterward, the systematic optimization of the fermentation medium was conducted using a one-factor-at-a-time strategy and response surface methodology to increase the PQQ concentration from 1.02 to 1.37 g/L. The transcriptional analysis using qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of genes involved in PQQ biosynthesis were significantly upregulated when the ARTP-ALE-derived mutant was applied. Furthermore, a novel two-stage pH control strategy was introduced to address the inconsistent effects of the pH value on cell growth and PQQ production. These combined strategies led to a 148% increase in the PQQ concentration compared with that of the initial strain FJNU-6, reaching 1.52 g/L with a yield of 40.3 mg/g DCW after 144 h of fed-batch fermentation in a 5-L fermenter.

Conclusion
The characteristics above suggest that FJNU-A26 represents an effective candidate as an industrial PQQ producer, and the integrated strategies can be readily extended to other microorganisms for the large-scale production of PQQ.
Shear wave splitting of the 2018 Lombok earthquake aftershock area, Indonesia
Authors: Sasmi Annisa Trisnia , Nugraha Andri Dian , Muzli Muzli , Widiyantoro Sri , Syuhada Syuhada , Muttaqy Faiz , Zulfakriza Zulfakriza , Wei Shengji , Priyono Awali , Afif Haunan , Supendi Pepen , Husni Yayan Mi’rojul , Prabowo Billy S. , Sarjan Achmad Fajar Narotama 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLombok is one of the islands in the transitional zone from the Sunda Arc to the Banda Arc, Indonesia. In the mid-2018, the island of Lombok was shaken by a series of strong earthquakes, started with a moment magnitude (Mw) 6.4 earthquake on July 29, 2018 followed by earthquakes on August 5 (Mw 7.0), August 9 (Mw 5.9), and August 19 (Mw 6.3 and 6.9). Some researchers suggested that this phenomenon occurred due to a segmentation rupture in the northern part of Lombok Island. This study aims to obtain information on the distribution of the Lombok earthquake fault zone 2018 and also to understand the character of seismic anisotropy around the Lombok earthquake fault zone 2018 through Shear Wave Splitting (SWS) study. Splitting, or S-wave separation, occurs when the S wave passes through an anisotropic medium. The S wave is split into fast and slow S waves with almost orthogonal polarizations and has parameters such as delay time and polarization direction of the fast S wave. To determine the SWS parameters, we used a Lombok earthquake aftershock data set recorded from 4 August to 9 September 2018, using 16 seismographic stations. The steps taken to obtain the SWS parameters are event selection, windowing using short time Fourier transform, and rotation-correlation process. The results of the SWS analysis indicate that the fast polarization directions probably have a linkage with the local fault system and the fault related to the Lombok earthquake fault zone.
Habitat type and host grazing regimen influence the soil microbial diversity and communities within potential biting midge larval habitats
Authors: Neupane Saraswoti , Davis Travis , Nayduch Dana , McGregor Bethany L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBiting midges (Culicoidesspp.) are important vectors of diverse microbes such as viruses, protozoa, and nematodes that cause diseases in wild and domestic animals. However, little is known about the role of microbial communities in midge larval habitat utilization in the wild. In this study, we characterized microbial communities (bacterial, protistan, fungal and metazoan) in soils from disturbed (bison and cattle grazed) and undisturbed (non-grazed) pond and spring potential midge larval habitats. We evaluated the influence of habitat and grazing disturbance and their interaction on microbial communities, diversity, presence of midges, and soil properties.ResultsBacterial, protistan, fungal and metazoan community compositions were significantly influenced by habitat and grazing type. Irrespective of habitat and grazing type, soil communities were dominated by phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria (Bacteria); Apicomplexa, Cercozoa, Ciliophora, Ochrophyta (Protists); Chytridiomycota, Cryptomycota (Fungi) and Nematoda, Arthropoda (Metazoa). The relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia (Bacteria); Apicomplexa, Lobosa (Protists); Ascomycota, Blastomycotina, Cryptomycota (Fungi); and Platyhelminthes (Metazoa) were significantly affected by grazing type. Of note, midge prevalence was higher in grazed sites (67–100%) than non-grazed (25%). Presence of midges in the soil was negatively correlated with bacterial, protistan, fungal and metazoan beta diversities and metazoan species richness but positively correlated with protistan and fungal species richness. Moreover, total carbon (TC), nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM) were negatively correlated with the presence of midges and relative abundances of unclassified Solirubrobacterales (Bacteria) and Chlamydomonadales (Protists) but positively with Proteobacteria and unclassified Burkholderiales (Bacteria).ConclusionsHabitat and grazing type shaped the soil bacterial, protistan, fungal and metazoan communities, their compositions and diversities, as well as presence of midges. Soil properties (TN, TC, OM) also influenced soil microbial communities, diversities and the presence of midges. Prevalence of midges mainly in grazed sites indicates that midges prefer to breed and shelter in a habitat with abundant hosts, probably due to greater accessibility of food (blood meals). These results provide a first glimpse into the microbial communities, soil properties and prevalence of midges in suspected midge larval habitats at a protected natural prairie site.
Determinants of complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–24 months in urban slums of Pune, Maharashtra, in India
Authors: Jeyakumar Angeline , Babar Prasad , Menon Pramila , Nair Raji , Jungari Suresh , Medhekar Aishwarya , Prakshale Bhrunal , Shaikh Jasmine , Chacko Merlin , Nikam Mohini , More Purva , Nayel Shakila , Simelane Similo , Awale Sudeshna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Inequalities in child feeding practices are evident in urban slums in developing nations. Our study identified the determinants of complementary feeding (CF) practices in the informal settings of Pune, India, a district close to the business capital of India.

Methods
Employing a cross-sectional study design, 1066 mother–children dyads were surveyed. Five indicators defined by the WHO were used to study complementary feeding practices. Determinants of complementary feeding practices were identified using multivariate analyses.

Results
Timely initiation of CF was reported by 42%. Minimum acceptable diet (MAD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and Diet Diversity Score > 4 were achieved by 14.9%, 76.5%, and 16.4%, respectively. Continued breastfeeding (CBF) at 2 years, and feeding processed foods were practiced by 94% and 50%, respectively. Among the maternal characteristics, a mother’s age > 30 years at pregnancy was less likely to achieve DD [AOR: 0.195 (CI 0.047–0.809)] and MAD [AOR: 0.231 (CI 0.056–0.960)]. Mothers with lower education were less likely to meet MMF [AOR: 0.302 (0.113–0.807)], MAD [AOR: 0.505 (CI 0.295–0.867)] and to introduce formula feeds (FF) [AOR: 0.417 (0.193- 0.899)]. Among obstetric characteristics, birth spacing < 33 months was less likely to achieve DD [AOR: 0.594 (CI 0.365–0.965)] and CBF [AOR: 0.562 (CI: 0.322–0.982)]. Receiving IYCF counseling only during postnatal care hindered the timely initiation of CF [AOR: 0.638 (0.415–0.981)]. Very Low Birth Weight increased the odds of achieving DD [AOR: 2.384 (1.007–5.644)] and MAD [AOR: 2.588(CI: 1.054–6.352)], while low birth weight increased the odds of children being introduced to processed foods [AOR: 1.370 (CI: 1.056–1.776)]. Concerning socio-economic status, being above the poverty line increased the odds of achieving MMF, [AOR: 1.851 (1.005–3.407)]. Other backward castes showed higher odds of achieving MAD [AOR: 2.191 (1.208–3.973)] and undisclosed caste in our study setting decreased the odds of FF [AOR: 0.339 (0.170–0.677)]. Bottle feeding interfered with MMF [AOR: 0.440 (0.317–0.611)] and CBF [AOR: 0.153 (0.105–0.224)].

Conclusion
Investing in maternal education and IYCF counseling during both ANC and PNC to provide nutritious complementary foods alongside addressing poverty should be a national priority to prevent the double burden of undernutrition at an early age in informal settings.
Effects of depth of neuromuscular block on surgical operating conditions in women undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Coviello Antonio , Ianniello Marilena , Buonanno Pasquale , Di Falco Nausica , Iacovazzo Carmine , Maresca Alfredo , Vargas Maria , Marra Annachiara , Candice Agostino , Saccone Gabriele , Zullo Fulvio , Servillo Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the relationship between the advantages and disadvantages of a deep neuromuscular block (DNMB), compared to a moderate block (MNMB) in laparoscopic surgery, has been increasingly studied.

Objective
Evaluate the effect of D-NMB compared to M-NMB in gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Methods
This was a parallel-group, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, conducted at a single center in Italy between February 2020 and July 2020. American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) I–II risk class patients scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomized into a 1:1 ratio to either experimental or control group. The first one included DNMB with a rocuronium bolus at the starting dose of 1.2 mg/kg and a maintenance dose (0.3–0.6 mg/kg/h). The second one included MNMB with a rocuronium bolus at the starting dose of 0.6 mg/kg, and a maintenance dose in boluses (0.15–0.25 mg/kg). The primary outcome was the intraoperative surgical condition assessed every 15 min by the surgeon as a 5-point scale. The secondary outcome was the time needed to discharge patients from post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). The tertiary outcome was the assessment of the intra-operative hemodynamic instability. A sample size of 50 patients was planned.

Results
One hundred five patients were assessed for eligibility, 55 were excluded. Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The average score for the operative field was 4 for the D-NMB group and 3 for the M-NMB group (p value < 0.01). The length of stay in PACU was 13 min for the DNMB group and 22 min for the MNMB group (p value = 0.02).

Conclusions
Deep neuromuscular block improves intraoperative surgical condition during gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Trial registration
clinicalTrials.gov NCT03441828