bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lake eutrophication: Control of phytoplankton overgrowth and invasive aquatic weeds
Authors: Geletu Temesgen Tola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis brief review describes the major causes of lake cultural eutrophication and assesses different strategies applied to control or reduce the negative consequences of this eutrophication. Excessive nutrient inputs, particularly from agricultural lands through non‐point source runoff, are among the main causes of cultural eutrophication on a global scale. Reducing nutrient inputs from agricultural lands through management of lake catchment areas, therefore, is an integral part of any effort to control lake eutrophication. Nutrient enrichment results in algal blooms and creates favourable condition for the invasion of a lake by alien aquatic weeds, making this invaluable freshwater resource unsuitable for many purposes, including drinking, agricultural and industrial water resources, fishing, transportation and recreational purposes. A major part of this review addresses attempts made to address the negative impacts of eutrophication by restoring water quality. Several research outputs discussing bottom‐up and top‐down control mechanisms were utilized for the present review. Much emphasis has been given in the literature regarding the use of biomanipulation as a promising and sustainable solution for controlling eutrophication. Biomanipulation tools used to control cyanobacteria and algal bloom have involved zooplanktivorous fish removal, piscivorous fish stocking, daphnia stocking, benthivorous fish removal, planktivorous fish stocking and mussel stocking. Further, some insect and fungal species have been used as biological control agents in an effort to control invasive aquatic weeds in tropical lakes. Although this review is limited in its analysis and explanation of the drawbacks associated with each described biomanipulation method, it can be deduced that biomanipulation generally exhibits considerable potential for controlling or reducing phytoplankton overgrowth and aquatic weed invasions, assuming it is also integrated with strategies to control external nutrient loadings to lakes.
Assessing the spatial variability of the ~3 μm OH/H2O absorption feature in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Schultz Cody , Anzures Brendan A. , Milliken Ralph E. , Hiroi Taki , Robertson Kevin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractH2O and OH are readily detected in hydrated minerals in CM chondrites via reflectance spectroscopy due to their characteristic vibration absorptions at infrared wavelengths. Previous spectroscopic work on bulk powdered CM chondrites has shown that spectral parameters, like the wavelength position of the “3 μm absorption feature,” vary systematically with the extent to which the samples have been aqueously altered. However, it is yet unclear how these spectral features may vary across an intact meteorite chip when measured at spatial scales smaller than that of the individual components of the meteorite. Here, we explore the spatial variability of this spectral feature and others on intact CM2 chips which, unlike powders, retain their petrologic and textural characteristics. We also model the modal mineralogy of the bulk meteorite powders and correlate this with key spectral features, demonstrating that microscope Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic mapping provides a powerful, rapid, and non‐destructive technique for assessing compositional diversity and variations in water–rock interactions in chondritic planetary materials. In all CM2 chondrites studied here, we find that variations in the position, shape, and strength of the 3 μm absorption feature reveal a single chondrite can exhibit as much spectral variation as the entire suite of CM2 chondrites. The observed variations in the position and shape of the 3 μm feature within individual CM2 chondrite chips suggest a range of alteration products (e.g., Mg‐rich to Fe‐rich phyllosilicates) are present and record sub‐mm scale variations in the amount and/or chemistry of the altering fluids. The samples having experienced the most progressive aqueous alteration show the least amount of variability in features like the 3 μm absorption band minimum position, whereas the least altered samples exhibit the most variability. We also find that the bulk spectral signatures in the least altered samples appear to be biased toward the spectral signatures of clasts versus matrix. By extension, asteroid reflectance spectra exhibiting 3 μm absorption features consistent with those measured here may be interpreted in a similar framework in which the spectrum of what may appear to be the least altered asteroids represents an average that belies the true diversity of mineralogy and chemistry of the body.
Methane emission from stems of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) offsets as much as half of methane oxidation in soil
Authors: Machacova Katerina , Warlo Hannes , Svobodová Kateřina , Agyei Thomas , Uchytilová Tereza , Horáček Petr , Lang Friederike 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Trees are known to be atmospheric methane (CH4) emitters. Little is known about seasonal dynamics of tree CH4 fluxes and relationships to environmental conditions. That prevents the correct estimation of net annual tree and forest CH4 exchange.

We aimed to explore the contribution of stem emissions to forest CH4 exchange. We determined seasonal CH4 fluxes of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stems and adjacent soil in a typical temperate beech forest of the White Carpathians with high spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture.

The beech stems were net annual CH4 sources, whereas the soil was a net CH4 sink. High CH4 emitters showed clear seasonality in their stem CH4 emissions that followed stem CO2 efflux. Elevated CH4 fluxes were detected during the vegetation season. Observed high spatial variability in stem CH4 emissions was neither explicably by soil CH4 exchange nor by CH4 concentrations, water content, or temperature studied in soil profiles near each measured tree. The stem CH4 emissions offset the soil CH4 uptake by up to 46.5% and on average by 13% on stand level.

In Central Europe, widely grown beech contributes markedly to seasonal dynamics of ecosystem CH4 exchange. Its contribution should be included into forest greenhouse gas flux inventories.
Reverse of left ventricular remodeling in heart failure patients with left bundle branch area pacing: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siranart Noppachai , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Prasitlumkum Narut , Huntrakul Anurut , Phanthong Tanattida , Sowalertrat Walit , Navaravong Leenhapong , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Jongnarangsin Krit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeft bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has recently become a promising option for the near‐natural restoration of electrical activation. However, the clinical relevance of therapeutic effects in individuals with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and dyssynchrony remains unknown.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until June 2022. Data from each study was combined using a random‐effects model, the generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird, to calculate standard mean differences and pooled incidence ratio, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 772 HFrEF patients were analyzed from 15 observational studies per protocol. The success rate of LBBAP implantation was 94.8% (95% CI 89.9–99.6, I2 = 79.4%), which was strongly correlated with shortening QRS duration after LBBAP implantation, with a mean difference of −48.10 ms (95% CI −60.16 to −36.05, I2 = 96.7%). Over a period of 6–12 months of follow‐up, pacing parameters were stable over time. There were significant improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) with mean difference of 16.38% (95% CI 13.13–19.63, I2 = 90.2%), −46.23 ml (95% CI −63.17 to −29.29, I2 = 86.82%), −7.21 mm (95% CI −9.71 to −4.71, I2 = 84.6%), and −44.52 ml (95% CI −64.40 to −24.64, I2 = 85.9%), respectively.ConclusionsLBBAP was associated with improvements in both cardiac function and electrical synchrony. The benefits of LBBAP in individuals with HFrEF and dyssynchrony should be further validated by randomized studies.
The Chinese version of informant AD8 for mild cognitive impairment and dementia screening in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Liu Tingting , Cai Yan , Wu Yue , Nie Yunbo , Kuang Weihong , Qiu Peiyuan , Wan Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundConducting routine mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia screening for older adults in the community is important, which not only can improve our understanding of these diseases but also can increase early detection and treatment.MethodsTo analyze the reliability and validity of the informant AD8 and explore the cut‐off values for screening MCI and dementia in the community‐dwelling older adults, this study adopted a multi‐stage cluster sampling method to recruit 327 participants aged 60 and over in communities. The informant AD8 and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scales were used to evaluate cognitive function of the subjects, and the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) was conducted to test the screening efficacy.ResultsAmong the 327 participants, 33.0% of them met the criteria of MCI, and 3.4% of them met the criteria of dementia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the informant AD8 for screening dementia was 0.974, with a screening cut‐off of three, sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 89.0%. But it has a poor discriminability in MCI screening [AUC = 0.645, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.578–0.711].ConclusionsThis study suggests that the informant AD8 is an ideal and useful tool for dementia screening in community‐dwelling older adults. However, it is less capable to distinguish older adults with MCI from those with normal cognitive function.
Correlates of SARS‐CoV‐2 anti‐RBD IgG antibody titers among persons experiencing homelessness in Los Angeles
Authors: Nyamathi Adeline , Shin Sanghyuk S. , Doratt Brianna M. , Jones‐Patten Alexandria , Salem Benissa , Gelberg Lillian , Lee Darlene , Garfin Dana , Yadav Kartik , Chang Alicia H. , White Kathryn , Arce Nicholas , Messaoudi Ilhem 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesPeople experiencing homelessness (PEH) have been especially impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic, likely due to increased vulnerabilities stemming from chronic diseases, substance use, and mental health conditions.DesignA case–control study to assess the presence of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 among PEH and associations with key variables.SampleA convenience sample of 97 PEH in Skid Row, Los Angeles.MeasurementsA structured questionnaire assessing socio‐demographic, mental health, drug and alcohol use, health care access, pandemic stress, and other COVID‐19‐specific questions.ResultsWe found high anti‐receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG titers among five of 15 PEH who reported no prior COVID‐19 diagnosis or being vaccinated, suggesting undiagnosed and/or asymptomatic COVID‐19. While anti‐RBD IgG titers across vaccination categories were not statistically significant (p = .069), participants vaccinated with Janssen had the lowest mean anti‐RBD IgG titers. In multivariable analysis, we found negative associations between level of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers with the Janssen vaccine and depression; thus, a need for integrated care for PEH with depression and COVID‐19.ConclusionsFurther research is warranted to confirm the immune response, initial and over time, to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and to COVID‐19 vaccinations, particularly among PEH whose immune systems may be impacted by multiple health conditions.
Feature‐driven robust surgery scheduling
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Yu , Zhou Minglong , Tang Jiafu 
Published: January 2023

Patient features such as gender, age, and underlying disease are crucial to improving the model fidelity of surgery duration. In this paper, we study a robust surgery scheduling problem augmented by patient feature segmentation. We focus on the surgery‐to‐operating room allocations for elective patients and future emergencies. Using feature data, we classify patients into different types using machine learning methods and characterize the uncertain surgery duration via a feature‐based cluster‐wise ambiguity set. We propose a feature‐driven adaptive robust optimization model that minimizes an overtime riskiness index, which helps mitigate both the magnitude and probability of working overtime. The model can be reformulated as a second‐order conic programming problem. From the reformulation, we find that minimizing the overtime riskiness index is equivalent to minimizing a Fano factor. This makes our robust optimization model easily interpretable to healthcare practitioners. To efficiently solve the problem, we develop a branch‐and‐cut algorithm and introduce symmetry‐breaking constraints. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our model outperforms benchmark models in a variety of performance metrics.
Validation of a flow‐cytometry‐based red blood cell antigen phenotyping method
Authors: Liwski Robert , Clarke Gwen , Cheng Calvino , Abidi Syed Sibte Raza , Abidi Samina Raza , Quinn Jason George 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCurrent manual and automated phenotyping methods are based on visual detection of the antigen–antibody interaction. This approach has several limitations including the use of large volumes of patient and reagent red blood cells (RBCs) and antisera to produce a visually detectable reaction. We sought to determine whether the flow cytometry could be developed and validated to perform RBC phenotyping to enable a high‐throughput method of phenotyping using comparatively miniscule reagent volumes via fluorescence‐based detection of antibody binding.Materials and MethodsRBC phenotyping by flow cytometry was performed using monoclonal direct typing antisera (human IgM): anti‐C, ‐E, ‐c, ‐e, ‐K, ‐Jka, ‐Jkb and indirect typing antisera (human IgG): anti‐k, ‐Fya, ‐Fyb, ‐S, ‐s that are commercially available and currently utilized in our blood transfusion services (BTS) for agglutination‐based phenotyping assays.ResultsSeventy samples were tested using both flow‐cytometry‐based‐phenotyping and a manual tube standard agglutination assay. For all the antigens tested, 100% concordance was achieved. The flow‐cytometry‐based method used minimal reagent volume (0.5–1 μl per antigen) compared with the volumes required for manual tube standard agglutination (50 μl per antigen)ConclusionThis study demonstrates the successful validation of flow‐cytometry‐based RBC phenotyping. Flow cytometry offers many benefits compared to common conventional RBC phenotyping methods including high degrees of automation, quantitative assessment with automated interpretation of results and extremely low volumes of reagents. This method could be used for high‐throughput, low‐cost phenotyping for both blood suppliers and hospital BTS.
Susceptibility artifact morphology is more conspicuous on susceptibility‐weighted imaging compared to T2* gradient echo sequences in the brains of dogs and cats with suspected intracranial disease
Authors: La Rosa Claudia , Donato Pamela Di , Specchi Swan , Bernardini Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSusceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) has been found to be more reliable in the detection of vessels and blood products than T2*‐weighted gradient echo (GE) in several human brain diseases. In veterinary medicine, published information on the diagnostic usefulness of SWI is lacking. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to investigate the value of SWI compared to T2*‐weighted GE images in a population of dogs and cats with presumed, MRI‐based diagnoses grouped as neoplastic (27), cerebrovascular (14), inflammatory (14), head trauma (5), other pathologies (4), or that were normal (36). Areas of signal void (ASV) were assessed based on shape, distribution, number, and conspicuity. Presence of ASV was found in 31 T2*‐weighted GE and 40 SWI sequences; the conspicuity of lesions increased in 92.5% of cases with SWI. A 44.7% increase in the number of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) was identified within the population using SWI (110) compared to T2*‐weighted GE (76). Linear ASV presumed to be abnormal vascular structures, as are reported in humans, were identified in 12 T2*‐weighted GE and 19 SWI sequences. In presumed brain tumors, abnormal vascular structures were detected in 11 of 27 (40.7%) cases on T2*‐weighted GE and in 16 of 27 (59.3%) cases on SWI, likely representing tumor neovascularization; amorphous ASV interpreted as presumed hemorrhages on T2*‐weighted GE were diagnosed as vessels on SWI in five of 27 (18.5%) cases. Since SWI shows ASV more conspicuously than T2*‐weighted GE, the authors advocate the use of SWI in veterinary patients.
A Novel Walking Parallel Robot for On-Structure Three-Axis Machining of Large Structures
Authors: Rosyid Abdur , Stefanini Cesare , El-Khasawneh Bashar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel walking hybrid-kinematics robot having three degrees-of-freedom for on-structure machining of large structures. A symmetric 3PRRR parallel mechanism having maximally regular properties is used to provide three-dimensional translational manipulation. Three attachment pads are connected to the base of the parallel mechanism through passive spherical joints, whereas multiple attachment pads are connected to the moving platform of the parallel mechanism. A machining task is performed by using a retractable tool holder attached to the parallel mechanism's moving platform. Two walking patterns, namely rotational and translational walking patterns, are defined for the robot. The kinematics of the manipulation and walking motions was derived and simulated. Several schemes to perform multi-step walking motions were also discussed. Subsequently, using an energy-based approach with the Stribeck friction model, the robot's dynamics was modeled and experimentally verified. Finally, an implementation of the robot to perform an on-structure machining task is discussed.
Individual Variability Is More Important Than Analytical Methods When Calculating Relative Speed of Beverage Bioavailability
Authors: Balog Edward M. , Golloshi Mateo , Suh HyunGyu , Millard-Stafford Melinda 
Published: January 2023

Deuterium oxide (D2O) appearance in blood is a marker of fluid bioavailability. However, whether biomarker robustness (e.g., relative fluid delivery speed) is consistent across analytical methods (e.g., cavity ring-down spectroscopy) remains unclear. Fourteen men ingested fluid (6 ml/kg body mass) containing 0.15 g/kg D2O followed by 45 min blood sampling. Plasma (D2O) was detected (n = 8) by the following: isotope-ratio mass spectrometry after vapor equilibration (IRMS-equilibrated water) or distillation (IRMS-plasma) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Two models calculated D2O halftime to peak (t1/2max): sigmoid curve fit versus asymmetric triangle (TRI). Background (D2O) differed (p < .001, η2 = .98) among IRMS-equilibrated water, IRMS-plasma, and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (152.2 ± 0.8, 147.2 ± 1.5, and 137.7 ± 2.2 ppm), but did not influence (p > .05) D2O appearance (Δppm), time to peak, or t1/2max. Stratifying participants based on mean t1/2max (12 min) into “slow” versus “fast” subgroups resulted in a 5.8 min difference (p < .001, η2 = .73). Significant t1/2max model (p = .01, η2 = .44) and Model × Speed Subgroup interaction (p = .005, η2 = .50) effects were observed. Bias between TRI and sigmoid curve fit increased with t1/2max speed: no difference (p = .75) for fast (9.0 min vs. 9.2 min, respectively) but greater t1/2max (p = .001) with TRI for the slow subgroup (16.1 min vs. 13.7 min). Fluid bioavailability markers are less influenced by which laboratory method is used to measure D2O as compared with the individual variability effects that influence models for calculating t1/2max. Thus, TRI model may not be appropriate for individuals with slow fluid delivery speeds.
Identification and characterization of novel carboxyl ester lipase gene variants in patients with different subtypes of diabetes
Authors: Wu Huixiao , Shu Meng , Liu Changmei , Zhao Wanyi , Li Qiu , Song Yuling , Zhang Ting , Chen Xinyu , Shi Yingzhou , Shi Ping , Fang Li , Wang Runbo , Xu Chao 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionMutations ofCELgene were first reported to cause a new type of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) denoted as MODY8 and then were also found in patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, its genotype-phenotype relationship has not been fully determined and how carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) variants result in diabetes remains unclear. The aim of our study was to identify pathogenic variants ofCELin patients with diabetes and confirm their pathogenicity.Research design and methodsAll five patients enrolled in our study were admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital and diagnosed with diabetes in the past year. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify pathogenic variants in three patients with MODY-like diabetes, one newborn baby with T1D and one patient with atypical T2D, as well as their immediate family members. Then the consequences of the identified variants were predicted by bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, pathogenic effects of two novelCELvariants were evaluated in HEK293 cells transfected with wild-type and mutant plasmids. Finally, we summarized allCELgene variants recorded in Human Gene Mutation Database and analyzed the mutation distribution of CEL.ResultsFive novel heterozygous variants were identified inCELgene and they were predicted to be pathogenic by bioinformatic analysis. Moreover, in vitro studies indicated that the expression of CELR540Cwas remarkably increased, while p.G729_T739del variant did not significantly affect the expression of CEL. Both novel variants obviously abrogated the secretion of CEL. Furthermore, we summarized all reportedCELvariants and found that 74.3% of missense mutations were located in exons 1, 3, 4, 10 and 11 and most missense variants clustered near catalytic triad, Arg-83 and Arg-443.ConclusionOur study identified five novelCELvariants in patients with different subtypes of diabetes, expanding the gene mutation spectrum ofCELand confirmed the pathogenicity of several novel variants.