Abstract A028: ZEB1 confers sensitivity to ferroptosis through regulation of iron metabolism
Authors: Vanneste Marion , Henry Michael Darrin , Jain Akansha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a cellular phenotype which may contribute to metastasis and therapeutic resistance in cancer. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of EMT-like phenotypes in cancer cells may afford an approach to treating metastatic disease and/or thwarting therapeutic resistance. Recently, GPX4 inhibitors (GPX4i) became of interest in this field as they were identified as potent and selective compounds for cells in a mesenchymal state through induction of lipid peroxidation induced cell death also known as ferroptosis. The sensitivity to these inhibitors was also shown to be dependent on the master EMT regulator, ZEB1. However, the link between ZEB1 expression and ferroptosis susceptibility remains unclear. Methodology: We used PC-3E and TEM 4-18 cell lines, originally isolated from the PC3 prostate cancer cell line based on their differential ability to invade an endothelial monolayer, as our models of epithelial and EMT-like phenotypes respectively. To better understand the role of ZEB1 in ferroptosis susceptibility, we used ZEB1 KO TEM 4-18 cells as well as a panel of cancer cell lines that cover a broad spectrum of epithelial and EMT-like phenotypes. After evaluating the sensitivity to GPX4i in these cell lines, we examined different parameters affecting the lipid peroxidation pathway. We particularly focused on the regulation of iron metabolism by ZEB1. Results: The three GPX4i tested (ML210, ML162 and RSL3) displayed a greater toxicity against TEM 4-18 cells. Inhibitors of ferroptosis (ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1) completely reversed the effect of GPX4i indicating that ferroptosis was indeed triggered by GPX4i and responsible for their toxicity. Sensitivity to GPX4i correlated with ZEB1 expression in our panel of cancer cell lines and ZEB1 KO reversed toxicity of GPX4i in TEM 4-18 cells. Sensitivity to GPX4i correlated with a slightly higher labile iron pool in ZEB1 expressing cells. Expression of proteins with a previously established connection to iron metabolism such as Ferritin Light Chain (FtL), Ferritin Heavy Chain (FtH), Transferrin Receptor (TfR) and Prominin-2 (PROM2) were also dysregulated between resistant and sensitive cells. In particular, the ratio FtH:FtL and expression of PROM2 was positively correlated with resistance to GPX4i. In addition, using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database, we found that ZEB1 expression negatively correlated with PROM2 and Iron Responsive Element Binding Protein-2 (IREB2) suggesting these genes could be transcriptional targets of ZEB1. Conclusions: We validated GPX4i as potent EMT selective cytotoxic compounds and confirmed that the sensitivity to these inhibitors depends on ZEB1 expression. However, the mechanisms leading to sensitivity to GPX4i and how they connect to the EMT program have yet to be identified. As these mechanisms might be diverse, we hypothesize that ZEB1 regulates iron metabolism which is critical for ferroptosis induction.
Citation Format: Marion Vanneste, Michael Darrin Henry, Akansha Jain. ZEB1 confers sensitivity to ferroptosis through regulation of iron metabolism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A028.