bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Course Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Zaoutis Theoklis , Shaikh Nader , Fisher Brian T. , Coffin Susan E. , Bhatnagar Sonika , Downes Kevin J. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Shope Timothy R. , Martin Judith M. , Muniz Gysella B. , Green Michael , Nagg Jennifer P. , Myers Sage R. , Mistry Rakesh D. , O’Connor Shawn , Faig Walter , Black Stephen , Rowley Elizabeth , Liston Kellie , Hoberman Alejandro 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceThere is a paucity of pediatric-specific comparative data to guide duration of therapy recommendations in children with urinary tract infection (UTI).ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of standard-course and short-course therapy for children with UTI.Design, Setting, ParticipantsThe Short Course Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections (SCOUT) randomized clinical noninferiority trial took place at outpatient clinics and emergency departments at 2 children’s hospitals from May 2012, through, August 2019. Data were analyzed from January 2020, through, February 2023. Participants included children aged 2 months to 10 years with UTI exhibiting clinical improvement after 5 days of antimicrobials.InterventionAnother 5 days of antimicrobials (standard-course therapy) or 5 days of placebo (short-course therapy).Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome, treatment failure, was defined as symptomatic UTI at or before the first follow-up visit (day 11 to 14). Secondary outcomes included UTI after the first follow-up visit, asymptomatic bacteriuria, positive urine culture, and gastrointestinal colonization with resistant organisms.ResultsAnalysis for the primary outcome included 664 randomized children (639 female [96%]; median age, 4 years). Among children evaluable for the primary outcome, 2 of 328 assigned to standard-course (0.6%) and 14 of 336 assigned to short-course (4.2%) had a treatment failure (absolute difference of 3.6% with upper bound 95% CI of 5.5.%). Children receiving short-course therapy were more likely to have asymptomatic bacteriuria or a positive urine culture at or by the first follow-up visit. There were no differences between groups in rates of UTI after the first follow-up visit, incidence of adverse events, or incidence of gastrointestinal colonization with resistant organisms.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, children assigned to standard-course therapy had lower rates of treatment failure than children assigned to short-course therapy. However, the low failure rate of short-course therapy suggests that it could be considered as a reasonable option for children exhibiting clinical improvement after 5 days of antimicrobial treatment.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01595529
The Machiavellian bully revisited: A closer look at differences and processes of Machiavellian bullying and cyberbullying perpetration
Authors: Blötner Christian , Bergold Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNumerous studies on personality traits conducive to traditional bullying and cyberbullying mentioned Machiavellianism as an influential predictor of these behaviors. Machiavellianism comprises manipulative, egotistic orientations that help acquire desired outcomes. However, it is questionable whether bullying and cyberbullying reflect unidimensional constructs since they are frequently categorized into verbal, relational, and physical aspects (with the latter being applicable only in traditional bullying). Similarly, evidence suggests that Machiavellianism is not a uniform trait. In this research, using a sample of 634 students (339 girls; 54%) from 40 classes from eighth to tenth grades, a five‐dimensional measure of bullying and cyberbullying was devised and suggested that aspects of (cyber)bullying are related but still separable. Subsequently, differential relations between the five forms of (cyber)bullying and two facets of Machiavellianism were modeled. Those facets were Machiavellian approach (i.e., manipulative aspects of Machiavellianism) and Machiavellian avoidance (i.e., distrustful aspects of Machiavellianism). Multilevel models revealed that Machiavellian approach predicted relational bullying (but not relational cyberbullying) and Machiavellian avoidance predicted verbal (cyber)bullying and physical bullying. All links were mediated by overt dehumanization, that is, the tendency to cognitively deprive a person of typically human characteristics.
Preliminary evidence of a relationship between sleep spindles and treatment response in epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: McLaren John R. , Luo Yancheng , Kwon Hunki , Shi Wen , Kramer Mark A. , Chu Catherine J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveEpileptic encephalopathy with spike‐wave activation in sleep (EE‐SWAS) is a challenging neurodevelopmental disease characterized by abundant epileptiform spikes during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. The mechanism of cognitive dysfunction is unknown, but treatment with high‐dose diazepam may improve symptoms. Spike rate does not predict treatment response, but spikes may disrupt sleep spindles. We hypothesized that in patients with EE‐SWAS: (1) spikes and spindles would be anti‐correlated, (2) high‐dose diazepam would increase spindles and decrease spikes, and (3) spindle response would be greater in those with cognitive improvement.MethodsConsecutive EE‐SWAS patients treated with high‐dose diazepam that met the criteria were included. Using a validated automated spindle detector, spindle rate, duration, and percentage were computed in pre‐ and post‐treatment NREM sleep. Spikes were quantified using a validated automated spike detector. The cognitive response was determined from a chart review.ResultsSpindle rate was anti‐correlated with the spike rate in the channel with the maximal spike rate (p = 0.002) and averaged across all channels (p = 0.0005). Spindle rate, duration, and percentage each increased, and spike rate decreased, after high‐dose diazepam treatment (p ≤ 2e‐5, all tests). Spindle rate, duration, and percentage (p ≤ 0.004, all tests) were increased in patients with cognitive improvement after treatment, but not those without. Changes in spindle rate but not changes in spike rate distinguished between groups.InterpretationThese findings confirm thalamocortical disruption in EE‐SWAS, identify a mechanism through which benzodiazepines may support cognitive recovery, and introduce sleep spindles as a promising mechanistic biomarker to detect treatment response in severe epileptic encephalopathies.
Thinking in the digital age: Everyday cognition and the dawn of a new age of metacognition research
Authors: Risko Evan F. , Kelly Megan O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe special issue “Rethinking Cognition in a Digital Age” features a diverse set of contributions examining interactions between cognition and technology. In this commentary, we draw connections between this work and similar efforts in the everyday cognition tradition that emphasizes the importance of examining cognition in context. In addition, using the present contributions as inspiration, we suggest that one of the key directions for future research will be metacognitive. That is, with technology increasingly performing cognitive functions for us, understanding how we monitor and control internal and external cognitive resources to achieve our goals represents an important and exciting new frontier in cognitive psychology.
Multimode Emission from Lanthanide‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Advanced Information Encryption
Authors: Xie Yao , Sun Guotao , Li Jiwei , Sun Lining 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough remarkable progress on luminescent materials is made in advanced optical information storage and anti‐counterfeiting applications, many challenges still remain in these fields. Currently, most luminescent materials are based on a single photoluminescent model that can be easily imitated by substitutes. In this work, a series of multimodal emission lanthanide‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are developed, where they emit red and green light originating from Eu3+ and Tb3+ under ultraviolet light irradiation. Meanwhile, under 980 nm near‐infrared laser irradiation, these MOFs show cyan upconversion cooperative luminescence derived from Yb3+ and characteristic upconversion luminescence from lanthanide activators (Eu3+, Tb3+, or Ho3+), respectively. Based on the integrated optical functionality, the functional information storage applications are successfully designed, which indicates that multimodal emission features can be easily detected under ultraviolet lamps (254 or 393 nm) or 980 nm near‐infrared laser. And, the unique optical features show a high level of security in the advanced information storage application, which would be sufficiently complex to be forged.
Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Assist Nanoerythrosomes for Efficient mRNA Vaccine Delivery and Immune Activation
Authors: Yang Lixin , Wang Tengqi , Zhang Dexin , Huang Xin , Dong Yuqin , Gao Wen , Ye Youqing , Ren Ke , Zhao Wei , Qiao Haishi , Jia Lizhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA)‐based vaccines have enormous potential in infectious disease prevention and tumor neoantigen application. However, developing an advanced delivery system for efficient mRNA delivery and intracellular release for protein translation remains a challenge. Herein, a biocompatible biomimetic system is designed using red blood cell‐derived nanoerythrosomes (NER) and black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) for mRNA delivery. BP is covalently modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI), serving as a core to efficiently condense mRNA via electrostatic interactions. To facilitate the spleen targeting of the mRNA‐loaded BP (BPmRNA), NER is co‐extruded with BPmRNA to construct a stable “core–shell” nanovaccine (NER@BPmRNA). The mRNA nanovaccine exhibits efficient protein expression and immune activation via BP‐mediated adjuvant effect and enhanced lysosomal escape. In vivo evaluation demonstrates that the system delivery of mRNA encoding coronavirus receptor‐binding domain (RBD) significantly increases the antibody titer and pseudovirus neutralization effect compared with that of NER without BP assistance. Furthermore, the mRNA extracted from mouse melanoma tissues is utilized to simulate tumor neoantigen delivered by NER@BPmRNA. In the vaccinated mice, BP‐assisted NER for the delivery of melanoma mRNA can induce more antibodies that specifically recognize tumor antigens. Thus, BP‐assisted NER can serve as a safe and effective delivery vehicle in mRNA‐based therapy.
A Bifunctional Catalyst for Green Ammonia Synthesis from Ubiquitous Air and Water
Authors: Gao Rui , Dai Tian‐Yi , Meng Zhe , Sun Xue‐Feng , Liu Dong‐Xue , Shi Miao‐Miao , Li Hong‐Rui , Kang Xia , Bi Bo , Zhang Yu‐Tian , Xu Tong‐Wen , Yan Jun‐Min , Jiang Qing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) is essential for modern agriculture and industry, and, due to its high hydrogen density and no carbon emission, it is also expected to be the next‐generation of “clean” energy carrier. Herein, directly from air and water, a plasma‐electrocatalytic reaction system for NH3 production, which combines two steps of plasma‐air‐to‐NOx− and electrochemical NOx− reduction reaction (eNOxRR) with a bifunctional catalyst, is successfully established. Especially, the bifunctional catalyst of CuCo2O4/Ni can simultaneously promote plasma‐air‐to‐NOx− and eNOxRR processes. The easy adsorption and activation of O2 by CuCo2O4/Ni greatly improve the NOx− production rate at the first step. Further, CuCo2O4/Ni can also resolve the overbonding of the key intermediate of *NO, and thus reduce the energy barrier of the second step of eNOxRR. Finally, the “green” NH3 production achieves excellent FENH3 (96.8%) and record‐high NH3 yield rate of 145.8 mg h−1 cm−2 with large partial current density (1384.7 mA cm−2). Moreover, an enlarged self‐made H‐type electrolyzer improves the NH3 yield to 3.6 g h−1, and the obtained NH3 is then rapidly converted to a solid of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, which favors the easy storage and transportation of NH3.
Biocatalytic Foams from Microdroplet‐Formulated Self‐Assembling Enzymes
Authors: Hertel Julian S. , Bitterwolf Patrick , Kröll Sandra , Winterhalter Astrid , Weber Annika J. , Grösche Maximilian , Walkowsky Laurenz B. , Heißler Stefan , Schwotzer Matthias , Wöll Christof , van de Kamp Thomas , Zuber Marcus , Baumbach Tilo , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndustrial biocatalysis plays an important role in the development of a sustainable economy, as enzymes can be used to synthesize an enormous range of complex molecules under environmentally friendly conditions. To further develop the field, intensive research is being conducted on process technologies for continuous flow biocatalysis in order to immobilize large quantities of enzyme biocatalysts in microstructured flow reactors under conditions that are as gentle as possible in order to realize efficient material conversions. Here, monodisperse foams consisting almost entirely of enzymes covalently linked via SpyCatcher/SpyTag conjugation are reported. The biocatalytic foams are readily available from recombinant enzymes via microfluidic air‐in‐water droplet formation, can be directly integrated into microreactors, and can be used for biocatalytic conversions after drying. Reactors prepared by this method show surprisingly high stability and biocatalytic activity. The physicochemical characterization of the new materials is described and exemplary applications in biocatalysis are shown using two‐enzyme cascades for the stereoselective synthesis of chiral alcohols and the rare sugar tagatose.
A Flexible Multifunctional Sensor Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Measuring Variable Stiffness of Soft Grippers and Recognizing Item Size
Authors: Xu Jinsui , Xu Boyi , Xie Zhijie , Tian Ye , Ying Kai , Yue Honghao , Yang Fei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe monitoring of the grasping behavior of variable stiffness grippers has emerged as a challenge due to the increasing use of soft grippers in logistics sorting applications. In this research, a flexible multifunctional sensor is developed by combining a liquid metal microchannel structure with a granular single electrode which detects the bending angle and stiffness of the flexible gripper in real‐time. The novel works by integrating triboelectric nanogenerator with particle interference variable stiffness and detects the stiffness of the soft finger. It is found that increasing the loading force on the gripper by a factor of 2.39 does not affect the kinematic characteristics. The size of the grasped object is determined with 96% accuracy by detecting the resistance offered to the stretched liquid metal during the bending of the soft finger. A soft grasping system is built with multifunctional flexible sensors and the real‐time signal feedback during the grasp‐move‐release process of objects of different diameters and weights is demonstrated. Besides providing a theoretical and experimental foundation of variable stiffness and nondestructive grasping of the soft gripper, the anthropomorphism of the soft grasping gripper is implemented by employing a novel sensor.
Cross‐Linkable Cathode Interlayer for Inverted Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Yang Yi , Xiao Yang , Xu Bowei , Hou Jianhui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInterlayer materials play a critical role in fabricating high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a cross‐linked and n‐doped cathode interlayer (CIL), namely, c‐NDI:N, for highly efficient and stable organic solar cells is developed. This study demonstrates that the combination of high‐temperature cross‐linking along with n‐doping endows the c‐NDI:N@200 °C film with excellent robustness, high conductivity, and good film morphology. The inverted OSC using c‐NDI:N@200 °C as CIL exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency of 17.5%, and most notably, appears in a negligible decline in device performance as the film thickness of CIL increases to ≈100 nm. Furthermore, c‐NDI:N can serve as a protecting layer to shield the device against water ingress. Interestingly, c‐NDI:N device can be used under water for photoelectrochemical water‐splitting, highlighting the great application of c‐NDI:N CIL in inverted OSCs.
Understanding the Irreversible Reaction Pathway of the Sacrificial Cathode Additive Li6CoO4
Authors: Jun KyuJung , Kaufman Lori , Jung Wangmo , Park Byungchun , Jo Chiho , Yoo Taegu , Lee Donghun , Lee Byungju , McCloskey Bryan D. , Kim Haegyeom , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of a sacrificial cathode additive that contains a large amount of lithium is one potential solution to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss associated with next‐generation anodes such as silicon. Antifluorite‐type Li6CoO4 has attracted attention as a potential cathode additive owing to its remarkably high theoretical lithium extraction capacity. However, the complex mechanism of lithium extraction as well as the oxygen loss from Li6CoO4 is not well understood. A generalizable computational thermodynamics and experimental framework is presented to understand the lithium‐extraction pathway of Li6CoO4. It is found that one lithium per formula unit can be topotactically extracted from Li6CoO4, followed by an irreversible and nontopotactic phase transformation to Li2CoO3 or LiCoO2 depending on the temperature. The results show that peroxide species may form to charge‐compensate for Li extraction which is undesirable as this can lead to gas release during battery operation. It is suggested that charging Li6CoO4 at an elevated temperature that the electrolyte can withstand, redirects the reaction pathway and prevents the formation of intermediate peroxide species making it an effective and stable sacrificial cathode additive.
Homogeneous drag models in gas–solid fluidization: Big data analytics and conventional correlation
Authors: Ouyang Bo , Zhu Li‐Tao , Wen Zhao‐Quan , Chen Xizhong , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe drag force model is vital for capturing gas–solid flow dynamics in many simulation approaches. Most of the homogeneous drag models in the literature are expressed as a function of phase fraction (ε) and particle Reynolds number (Res). In this work, we use a “big data” approach to analyze ~108 data points for drag coefficient (Fd) for Geldart Group A particles at atmospheric pressure and find that the contribution of Res on Fd is much less than ε based on the Maximal information coefficient analysis. Thus, these drag models are separately reduced to machine learning and conventional expressions only related to ε. The reduced models achieve almost the same predictive performance as the originals in bubbling, turbulent, and jet fluidizations. Moreover, the reduced models provide better numerical stability for coarse grid simulations. These findings provide new insights into the drag coefficient for Geldart Group A particles under full fluidization conditions.
Effect of dietary factors and time of day on iron absorption from oral iron supplements in iron deficient women
Authors: von Siebenthal Hanna K. , Moretti Diego , Zimmermann Michael B. , Stoffel Nicole U. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGuidelines generally recommend taking iron supplements in the morning away from meals and with ascorbic acid (AA) to increase iron absorption. However, there is little direct evidence on the effects of dietary factors and time of day on absorption from iron supplements. In iron‐depleted women (n = 34; median serum ferritin 19.4 μg/L), we administered 100 mg iron doses labeled with54Fe,57Fe, or58Fe in each of six different conditions with: (1) water (reference) in the morning; (2) 80 mg AA; (3) 500 mg AA; (4) coffee; (5) breakfast including coffee and orange juice (containing ~90 mg AA); and (6) water in the afternoon. Fractional iron absorption (FIA) from thesen = 204 doses was calculated based on erythrocyte incorporation of multiple isotopic labels. Compared to the reference: 80 mg AA increased FIA by 30% (p < .001) but 500 mg AA did not further increase FIA (p = .226); coffee decreased FIA by 54% (p = .004); coffee with breakfast decreased FIA by 66% (p < .001) despite the presence of ~90 mg of AA. Serum hepcidin was higher (p < .001) and FIA was 37% lower (p = .059) in the afternoon compared to the morning. Our data suggest that to maximize efficacy, ferrous iron supplements should be consumed in the morning, away from meals or coffee, and with an AA‐rich food or beverage. Compared to consuming a 100 mg iron dose in the morning with coffee or breakfast, consuming it with orange juice alone results in a ~ 4‐fold increase in iron absorption, and provides ~20 more mg of absorbed iron per dose. The trial was registered atClinicaltrials.gov(NCT04074707).
Proximal 1q21 duplication: A syndrome or a susceptibility locus?
Authors: Levy Michal , Shohat Mordechai , Kahana Sarit , Matar Reut , Klein Kochav , Fishman Ifat Agmon , Gurevitch Merav , Basel‐Salmon Lina , Maya Idit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProximal 1q21 microduplication is an incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity syndrome. This study reports 28 new cases and summarizes data on phenotype, gender, and parental origin. Data on isolated proximal 1q21.1 microduplications (g. chr1:145,394,956–145,762,959 GRCh37/hg19) was retrieved in postnatal and prenatal “clinical cases” group, and prenatal “control group.” The “clinical cases” cases included cases where chromosomal microarray (CMA) was performed due to congenital anomalies, autism spectrum disorder, seizures, and developmental delay/intellectual disability. The “control group” cases consisted of fetal CMA performed upon parental request despite normal nuchal translucency and anatomical second trimester fetal scans. We analyzed a local database of 27,990 cases and another cohort of 80,000 cases (including both indicated and non‐indicated cases) for population frequency analysis. A total of 62 heterozygous cases were found, including 28 index cases and 34 family members. Among the index cases, 13 (9 males, 4 females) were identified in the “clinical cases” group, of which 10 had developmental abnormalities. Parental origin was tested in 9/13 cases, and all were found to be maternally inherited. In the “control group,” which comprised non‐affected cases, of 15 cases (10 males, 5 females), only 5/11 were maternally inherited. Four cases with clinical follow‐up showed no reported neurodevelopmental abnormalities. No de‐novo cases were detected, and the population frequency in both cohorts was 1:1000. Proximal 1q21.1 microduplication is a recurrent copy number variant, associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities. It has a greater impact on males inheriting it from their mothers than females from their fathers.
Inappropriate image duplications in rhinology research publications
Authors: Cho Do‐Yeon , Bishop Jessica , Grayson Jessica , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: June 2023

Key points
Duplicated images in research articles erode integrity and credibility of biomedical science.
Forensic software is necessary to detect figures with inappropriately duplicated images.
This analysis reveals a significant issue of inappropriate image duplication in our field.