bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HOSPITAL READMISSION FOR OLDER VETERANS
Authors: Cornell Portia , Halladay Christopher , Chmelka Gina , Celardo Caitlin , Burke Robert , Silva Jennifer , Rudolph James , Thomas Kali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of social risk on the likelihood of hospital readmission. Our study sample included 156,690 hospitalizations from 2016 - 2019 at one of 36 VA medical centers that participated in a national social-work staffing program. Using information from outpatient screenings, social workers’ assessments, and diagnosis codes, We identified Veterans’ social risks categorized into nine specific categories: intimate partner violence, financial need, housing instability, legal problems, social isolation, mental health, transportation, food insecurity, and functional need; and two general categories: nonspecific psychosocial and neighborhood deprivation. We estimated linear probability models of unplanned hospital readmission to a VA or a community hospital within 30 days of discharge, adjusted for demographics, clinical characteristics known to predict readmission (length of stay, primary diagnosis, admission from emergency department, chronic comorbidities, previous hospitalizations), and year and hospital fixed effects. 15.3 percent of hospital stays were followed by an unplanned readmission within 30 days. The prevalence of specific social risks ranged from 1.2% (food insecurity) to 13.9% (financial need). Social risk factors are important predictors of unplanned hospital readmission among Veterans after adjusting for medical risk. The risk categories with the strongest adjusted association with 30-day readmission were legal need, risk difference .033 (p=.015); interpersonal violence (r.d.=.022, p&lt;.001); mental health (r.d.=.022, p=.002); social isolation (r.d.=.010, p&lt;.001); and nonspecific psychosocial (r.d.=.017, p&lt;.001). These social risk indicators could be used to target care-transition intervention and follow-up by a social worker to address social needs and avert unplanned hospital readmission.
HEALTHCARE-SEEKING BEHAVIORS AMONG OLDER AMERICANS WITH SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE
Authors: Kim Seoyoun , Yoon Hyun Woo , Jang Yuri 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults is increasingly recognized as a harbinger of dementia. However, since SCD is, by definition, based on self-reports, it is unclear whether those who experience memory loss discuss these issues with physicians. Access to regular healthcare can be a catalyst for early detection of SCD because asymptomatic cognitive changes may not be apparent unless directly addressed with primary care physicians (PCP). Further, given the widely-known racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare access, minority adults might be further disadvantaged in healthcare seeking for SCD. Using a large national dataset, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in 2019, the goals of the study are to a) examine the link between having a PCP and discussing memory issues with physicians and b) examine how race and ethnicity and the availability of PCPs are associated with discussion of SCD. The sample included 7,900 individuals 50 and older who reported SCD in the past year. We conducted a logistic regression adjusting for BRFSS survey weights, missing data, state-level clustering, and a set of covariates. Among those with SCD, those with a PCP were almost twice as likely to discuss their cognitive decline (OR=1.98, p&lt;.001). There was also a significant interaction between Hispanic ethnicity and having a PCP (OR=0.25, p&lt;.05, F=4.65, p=.03). Surprisingly, Hispanics with a PCP were less likely to discuss memory issues compared to Hispanics without one. The findings highlight the significance of routine healthcare service utilization for adults with SCD while providing a nuanced understanding of ethnic differences.
ADDRESSING UNMET LONG-TERM SERVICES AND SUPPORTS NEEDS FOR RACIAL/ETHNIC MINORITY OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Travers Jasmine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic magnified several long-standing problems with the delivery of long-term services and supports, including access to care in the community setting. A disproportionate rise in nursing home use among Black and Latino older adults reflects the inadequacy of existing programs and policies to support aging in place for these most at-risk populations. Enabling aging in the community and preventing avoidable nursing home placements is widely considered a priority by federal, state, and local entities along with families and older adults. Yet, it is unclear what is needed to support Black and Latino older adults to remain in the community. In this presentation, Dr. Travers will discuss unmet long-term services and supports needs among the Black and Latino population, issues particularly faced by these populations during COVID-19, and opportunities to move forward as we transition to an 'endemic' COVID-19 landscape.
A LOOK INSIDE THE MISSOURI NURSING HOME COVID-19 EXPERIENCE
Authors: Vogelsmeier Amy , Popejoy Lori 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerabilities of US nursing homes to manage widespread viral outbreaks including an ill prepared/under-resourced workforce, a physical environment not conducive to infection prevention or management, and isolation from community emergency response planning. In this session, we will share real-life, real-time experiences of diverse Missouri nursing homes as they responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. We will also report on emerging data about the impact of nursing homes’ pandemic response on resident outcomes. Strategies such as community-based efforts to respond to resource scarcity, and creative workforce solutions to address staffing needs, will be shared. Critical next steps should focus on the implementation of community coalitions to create sustainable healthcare partnerships at the local and state level and enhanced workforce solutions that include registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses working within nursing homes to guide clinical care and infection prevention and management strategies.
READY, FIRE, AIM: DOES INTEGRATING ACUTE AND LONG-TERM SERVICES WORK?
Authors: Applebaum Robert , Browdie Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to the increasing costs of Medicaid and Medicare and concerns about how these two programs fail to work together to deliver quality care, there has been a growing enthusiasm for integrated care programs. The Financial Alignment Initiatives (FAI), implemented by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in 2011 and tested in 13 states were designed to test the impacts of a program that offers Medicare and Medicaid services under one organization to individuals who are dually eligible for both programs. Previous studies of the expansion of managed long-term services have generated considerable interest over the last two decades however, research results have been mixed. There is also limited information about the implementation of these efforts, as demonstrations have served varying target populations with very different intervention strategies. The lack of conclusive results means that states, now faced with decisions about continued implementation of these initiatives do not have good information to make sound policy decisions. The national evaluation of the FAI states did not include Medicaid costs. Our study is designed to gain a better understanding of Ohio’s FAI MyCare Demonstration. This symposium provides data from a comprehensive impact analysis that examined both Medicaid and Medicare claims data using a difference- in- differences treatment and comparison analysis (n= 390,000) and an in-depth process evaluation (using interviews with 487 participants) to gain an understanding of program effects. After reviewing results the symposium will discuss the future of these and other reform efforts to integrate Medicaid and Medicare services.
LIMITED FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Shavit Yochai , Barnes Jessica , Carstensen Laura 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Socioemotional selectivity theory postulates that limited future time perspective (FTP) motivates older adults to prioritize emotionally meaningful goals, explaining documented age advantages in emotional well-being. During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, we collected data from 945 community dwelling adults and 156 assisted living facilities residents living in the United States (N= 1101, age-range: 18-98). Participants reported their FTP using the scale developed by Carstensen and Lang (1996), as well as the frequency and intensity of sixteen positive and thirteen negative emotions. Age association with limited FTP was comparable to past studies. Contrary to our hypotheses, limited FTP was associated with lower emotional well-being across ages and suppressed (rather than mediated) a general trend towards higher emotional well-being in older ages. Findings suggest that there may be conditions under which perceptions of limited time horizons have negative implications. Theoretical implications are discussed.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE AND POSITIVITY EFFECTS
Authors: Barber Sarah , Kim Hyunji , Lopez Noelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When compared to younger adults, older adults favor positive over negative information in attention and memory. This positivity effect is typically interpreted through the lens of socioemotional selectivity theory. According to this view, older adults often have a limited future time perspective (FTP), which leads them to prioritize emotional well-being goals. However, data from our lab suggest that a limited FTP is actually associated with increased negativity, rather than with increased positivity. More specifically, we found that older adults with a limited FTP (self-reported on the Carstensen and Lang FTP scale) rated their autobiographical memories more negatively. We also found that among older adults with high executive function abilities, a limited FTP was associated with reduced positivity in an episodic memory task. In discussing why these counterintuitive relationships occurred, we will also present data showing that a limited FTP is associated with negative attitudes about the future and the present.
MENTAL HEALTH AND FINANCIAL HARDSHIP AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH PROBABLE COVID-19 INFECTION
Authors: Zaninotto Paola , Iob Eleonora , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigated the immediate and longer-term impact of probable COVID-19 infection on mental health, wellbeing, and financial hardship among older people living in England. Data were analysed from 5146 older adults participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who provided data before the pandemic (2018-19) and at two COVID-19 assessments in 2020 (June-July and November-December). The associations of probable COVID-19 infection (first COVID-19 assessment) with depression, anxiety, poor quality of life (QoL), loneliness, and financial hardship at the first and second COVID-19 assessments were tested using linear/logistic regression and were adjusted for pre-pandemic outcome measures. Participants with probable infection had higher levels of depression and anxiety, poorer QoL, and greater loneliness scores compared with those without probable infection at both the first (ORdepression=1·62[95%CI:1·16,2·26];ORanxiety=1·59[95%CI:1·00,2·51]; bpoorQoL=1·34[95%CI:0·66,2·02]; bloneliness=0·49[95%CI:0·25,0·74]) and second (ORdepression =1·56[95%CI:1·17,2·09];ORanxiety=1·55[95%CI:1·02,2·37];bpoorQoL=1·38[95%CI:0·74,2·03]; bloneliness=0·31[95%CI:0·04;0·58]) assessments. Participants with probable infection also experienced greater financial difficulties than those without infection at the first assessment (OR=1·50[95%CI:1·10,2·05]).
RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN COVID-19 DISRUPTIONS TO SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Wheaton Felicia , Islam Farhana , Johnson Matilda , Kappari Sai Raj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Racial disparities in COVID-19 exposure, illness, hospitalization and mortality have been well-documented, however, less is known about potential disparities in the pandemic’s effect on social activities. Data from the early release of the 2020 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to examine the relationship between race (White/African American/other) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Non-Hispanic) and COVID-19 disruptions to social activities (N=4,500). Participants were asked, “due to the coronavirus pandemic, did you experience any of these changes in activities: 1) unable to visit a family member in a care facility, nursing home or group home, 2) family celebrations canceled/restricted, 3) unable to visit a close family member in the hospital, 4) unable to attend in-person funeral or religious service for a family member or friend, 5) unable to visit family after birth of a baby (1=yes, 0=no/not relevant) and, “overall, how stressful have changes in contacts with family and friends been for you?” (1=not at all stressful, 5=extremely stressful). Results from logistic regression controlling for age and gender showed that relative to Whites, African Americans had significantly higher odds of all disruptions except for family celebrations and relative to non-Hispanics, Hispanics had significantly higher odds of three types of disruptions. OLS regression results showed that only Hispanics had higher average stress due to these changes. These findings indicate that in addition to the previously documented disparities in COVID-19, older African Americans and Hispanics experienced greater disruptions to social activities. These impacts could further influence both short and long-term physical and mental health.
FACILITATORS AND CONSTRAINTS TO SPORT ACTIVITY AMONG ADULTS WITH ARTHRITIS
Authors: Juris Jill , Son Julie , Wong Jen , Chen Guangzhou , Liechty Toni , West Stephanie , Janke Megan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study examines types of facilitators, constraints, and constraint negotiation strategies and their associations with self-reported physical activity levels for older adults with arthritis. A national sample of U.S. adults (N=288; age range =50-85, M=64.8) who participated in a larger study of sport participation completed an online questionnaire on their involvement in leisure activities. The sample was predominantly White (91.3%), female (65.2%), and unmarried (55.6%). As expected, individuals reporting more constraints engaged in significantly less physical activity (β=-.19, p=.01) while those using greater constraint negotiation strategies reported significantly more activity engagement (β =.18, p=.03). Facilitators were examined (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural), but only interpersonal facilitators significantly predicted greater levels of physical activity (β =-.07, p=.03). Adults reporting sport engagement during the past year were also more active (β =.24, p&lt;.001). The discussion will focus on the implications of findings and how barriers to activity in this population can be addressed.
THE IMPACT OF THE R3 PROGRAM ON HEALTH SERVICES UTILIZATION AND COSTS
Authors: Tavares Jane , Simpson Elizabeth , Miller Edward , Nadash Pamela , Cohen Marc 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Relatively few housing with services evaluations use rigorous designs when assessing program impacts on health services utilization. This study thus employed a pre/post difference-in-difference quasi-experimental design, including building-level comparisons using Medicare fee-for-service claims data across two stages of the R3 intervention. Intervention sites included seven buildings with roughly 1,200 individuals. Key outcomes included hospital admissions, 30-day hospital readmission, and emergency department admissions. Results indicate that adding the R3 intervention to low-income housing sites led to meaningful reductions in service utilization and costs when compared to buildings where the program was not operating. The introduction of risk-targeting in the second stage of the intervention further strengthened this effect. Findings demonstrate that residents of affordable senior housing communities, who tend to be in poorer health than their counterparts in the community, benefit from the R3 program and that additional investment in this type of initiative would benefit the health care system.
WEB-ENABLED RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Min Deborah , Gray Ja'Lynn , Parslow Chad , Jajodia Anushka , Yun Ji-Young , Han Hae-Ra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults are vulnerable to experiencing the digital divide. Identifying effective web-enabled recruitment strategies to target older adults is an important research focus. Web-enabled recruitment strategies have become increasingly popular amidst virtual working environments due to unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, it is unclear which web-enabled recruitment strategies have been successful among older adults in community-based intervention trials. We describe lessons learned in using web-enabled strategies to recruit Korean American older adults with probable dementia and their caregivers in a community-based intervention trial and compare our findings with the web-enabled recruitment strategies targeting older adults reported in relevant published studies. Data sources included: study team meeting minutes, community consultant interviews, and a PubMed search. Five themes emerged: unfamiliarity with technology, differences in internet access across older age groups, providing technological support to promote recruitment, successful and unsuccessful recruitment using social media, and other diverse online methods of recruitment.
INTRODUCTION TO SOMMA: CONCEPTUAL CONSTRUCT AND PARTICIPANT CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Cummings Steven , Cawthon Peggy , Mau Theresa , Kritchevsky Stephen , Hepple Russell T , Coen Paul , Goodpaster Bret , Newman Anne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
SOMMA aims to characterize key muscle characteristics and their longitudinal association with declines in mobility. To assess mitochondrial energetics in muscle, respiration assays were performed on biopsies of the vastus lateralis and the capacity to generate ATP (ATPmax) was determined by 31P MR spectroscopy. Other properties examined in biopsies include denervation, fiber type and size, capillary density and oxidative damage. We archive ~150mg for ancillary science. In a subset, we obtained biopsies of subcutaneous adipose for measurements including cell senescence and for archiving. To assess body composition, SOMMA used whole body MR for quadriceps volume and D3 Creatine dilution for total skeletal muscle mass. We measured fitness by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Participants also had many other assessments of physical and cognitive performance including chair stands, balance, gait speed, leg power, stair climbing, Trails B, MOCA, and patterns of physical activity by actigraphy.
MEET THE END-OF-LIFE CARE EXPERTS: INSIGHTS FROM FORMER CAREGIVERS OF OLDER ADULTS LIVING WITH SERIOUS ILLNESS
Authors: Mroz Emily , Miller Emika , Moss Karen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
High-quality end-of-life care relies on the collective efforts of professional care providers and family caregivers; however, care practice development is rarely guided by experiential perspectives of former family caregivers (i.e., those whose care recipient has died). Former family caregivers typically carry rich, untapped insight into what works well, and what still does not, in end-of-life care. While current caregivers sometimes describe being over-burdened and unable to engage meaningfully in research, former caregivers express the desire to share insights and lessons learned to improve the experiences of future caregivers. Grounded in research methodologies which leverage insights from participants (e.g., qualitative analysis, community-based participatory research), this symposium draws on perspectives of former caregivers of seriously ill older adults to enhance end-of-life care practices, improve intervention designs, and enrich research agendas. First, Dr. Emily Mroz will describe the pathways by which recent caregiving experiences for parents living with dementia shape former caregivers’ perspectives on, and engagement in, their own end-of-life care planning. Next, Emika Miller will characterize the advance care planning perspectives of former family caregivers of African Americans who lived with dementia, highlighting areas for improvement in culturally-tailored interventions. Lastly, Jennifer Dickman Portz will present on caregivers’ use of patient portals near their care recipient’s end-of-life. Our discussant, Karen Moss, will lead us in conversation by outlining the unique value added to end-of-life care research when incorporating perspectives of former caregivers from diverse backgrounds. She will also describe future directions in caregiver-informed end-of-life interventions, practices, and policies to improve end-of-life care outcomes.
WE'RE ALL MAKERS NOW: ARTS AND CRAFT PARTICIPATION IN MIDLIFE
Authors: Adams-Price Carolyn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent research has focused on the benefits of participation in creative activities for older adults, even those who experiencing cognitive deficits. However, many people begin participating in creative activities in midlife, and continue their participation into later life. Research in my lab suggests that middle aged people turn to crafts that involve making things to reduce stress and increase feelings of productivity. Glaveanu’s sociocultural theory will be introduced to explain the benefits middle aged people get from creating crafts, and how those benefits are accrued from the beginner stage through the development of expertise.
GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION META-ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Santanasto Adam , Kiel Douglas , Karasik David , Cvejkus Ryan , Biggs Mary , Lunetta Kathryn , Murabito Joanne , Zmuda Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although measures of physical function such as walking speed and time to complete chair-rises are highly heritable, the genetic architecture underlying these phenotypes remains poorly defined. To identify potentially novel genes and pathways underlying physical performance in older adults, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of the short physical performance battery (SPPB) (Score 0-12) and one of its components, chair-rise time (seconds) in 24,033 Caucasian adults aged 60+ from 13 cohorts (mean cohort age 66.2 ± 5.3 to 84.3 ± 4.1 years; 56.5% women). Cohorts had a genome wide scan imputed to either the Haplotype Reference Consortium or Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine imputation panels. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with a minor allele frequency ≥0.1% and imputation quality score ≥0.7 were included (range 7.5-10.5 million per cohort). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, height, and population substructure. Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model. Although no genome-wide significant loci were identified, 67 and 60 suggestive loci (p&lt; 5*10-5) were detected for SPPB score and chair-rises time, respectively. Pathway-based analyses indicated significant enrichment of genes affecting negative regulation of calcium channel activity (Bonferroni corrected p-value &lt; 0.05). Sex-stratified gene-based analyses identified clathrin vesicle-associated sec14 protein 1 (CLVS1), significantly associated with chair-rise time in women (p= -1.5*10-7). CLVS1 is highly expressed in the cerebellum, which is involved in postural and motor function control. A larger sample size is needed to confirm and extend our findings, but our results potentially implicate a novel pathway and locus for physical performance in older women.