bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sphingolipid long chain bases as mediators of cell death in olive fruit abscission
Authors: Briegas Beatriz , Camarero Maria C. , Corbacho Jorge , Labrador Juana , Sanchez‐Vera Victoria , Gavilanes‐Ruiz Marina , Saucedo‐García Mariana , Gomez‐Jimenez Maria C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlant sphingolipids are lipophilic membrane components essential for different cellular functions but they also act as signaling molecules in various aspects of plant development. However, the interaction between plant sphingolipids and abscission remains largely uncharacterized. Here, the possible role of sphingolipids in regulating fruit abscission was examined in the abscission zone (AZ) of olive fruit. To this end, sphingolipid levels were manipulated through the application of exogenous sphingolipid long‐chain bases (LCBs) or biosynthesis inhibitors, and their effects on fruit abscission as well as sphingolipid LCB/gene expression, hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death levels were examined in the AZ of olive fruit. Our data indicated that exogenous sphinganine (d18:0) induced fruit abscission, whereas the application of sphingosine (d18:1) or phytosphingosine (t18:0) or their phosphorylated derivatives did not have an effect on fruit abscission. Moreover, inhibition of LCB kinase or ceramide synthase, which increases sphingolipid LCB levels in the AZ, reduced fruit break strength. This induction of fruit abscission is associated with elevated ROS levels and cell death in the AZ enriched in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Along the same line, programmed cell death (PCD) was particularly evident on the distal side of the AZ. These data suggest that endogenous d18:0 plays a key cellular role as signaling molecule functioning upstream of the SA/JA signaling pathway in mediating PCD spatially regulated in the AZ during fruit abscission. Overall, the findings reported here provide insight into the complex connection between PCD and plant sphingolipid LCBs, uncovering their interaction in the abscission process.
Hydrous Asthenosphere Underneath the Northern Pannonian Basin
Authors: Patkó Levente , Kővágó Ákos , Huraiová Monika , Kövér Szilvia , Gergely Szilveszter , Konečný Patrik , Hurai Vratislav 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study reveals the structural hydroxyl content in clinopyroxenes of three cumulate xenoliths from the Nógrád‐Gömör/Novohrad‐Gemer Volcanic Field (northern Pannonian Basin), with values ranging from 275 to 384 ppm. Based on these data, the water content of the equilibrium parental alkali basaltic melt was estimated to be between 1.5 and 2.1 wt.%, which aligns well with values for alkali basalts worldwide. The mantle source water content was also calculated, yielding values between 510 and 700 ppm for batch melting and 400–550 ppm for fractional melting models. These findings point to a hydrous asthenospheric source, likely linked to Mesozoic‐Paleogene subduction events of the Penninic Ocean, which introduced significant water into sub‐lithospheric depths. Our results suggest that intraplate basaltic melt generation can be influenced by long‐lived water‐rich zones preserved in the upper mantle.
Prostaglandin D2 delays CD8+ T-cell responses and respiratory syncytial virus clearance in geriatric cotton rats
Authors: Miller Jonathan L. , Leedale Cameron , Kang Danyue , Lilue Jingtao , Harder Olivia E. , Niewiesk Stefan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with increased rates of severe disease, hospitalization, and death in elderly individuals. Clearance of RSV is frequently delayed within this demographic, contributing to the more severe disease course. Geriatric cotton rats mimic this prolonged clearance kinetic and serve as a useful animal model for studying age-associated immunological deficits during RSV infection. Treatment with the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor ibuprofen restores RSV clearance, indicating that inflammation contributes to impaired clearance in geriatric cotton rats. Here, we further characterize a compromised immune response in geriatric cotton rats and identify an inflammatory pathway that contributes to this deficiency. Dendritic cell (DC) activation and migration to mediastinal lymph nodes are decreased during early infection in geriatric cotton rats, resulting in delayed generation of cytotoxic T cells and virus clearance. Prostaglandin D
2
(PGD2), which reduces DC migration through the elevation of D-type prostanoid 1 receptor (DP1 receptor), is elevated in the airways of infected geriatric cotton rats. Reducing PGD2 production by inhibiting COX-2 or PGD2 synthase improves RSV clearance kinetics through DC activation and RSV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in geriatric cotton rats, whereas activation of DP1 receptor through an agonist resulted in delayed viral clearance in adult cotton rats. These results indicate that PGD2 contributes to delayed antigen presentation and CD8+ T-cell responses to RSV in geriatric cotton rats. Inhibiting PGD2 generation or signaling may be a useful mechanism of therapeutic intervention in elderly individuals.

IMPORTANCE
Elderly adults are at increased risk of severe disease resulting from infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), characterized in part by delayed clearance (removal of the virus from airways). Understanding the immunological factors that lead to this delayed clearance may allow for the development of therapies to improve disease outcomes in elderly individuals infected with RSV and other respiratory viruses. Here, we describe an inflammatory pathway in geriatric cotton rats, the preferred small animal laboratory model for RSV, that impairs the generation of an effective immune response. We show that inhibiting this inflammatory pathway in geriatric cotton rats improves immune parameters and speeds clearance of RSV. These results contribute to our understanding of delayed RSV clearance in elderly individuals with possible applications for improving immune responses to RSV in clinical settings.
AAC Walker Canada Western Red Spring Wheat
Authors: Kumar S. , Nilsen K.T. , Green D. , McCallum B. , Menzies J. , Aboukhaddour R. , Henriquez M.-A. 
Published: January 2025

AAC Walker (BW1116) is a hollow-stemmed, awned, and high yielding Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivar suited to the growing conditions of western Canada. AAC Walker was 7% higher yielding than AAC Brandon and 5% higher yielding than AAC Viewfield in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative (CBWC) registration trials (2020–2022). AAC Walker had maturity, height, and lodging similar to Carberry. It was 11 cm shorter than Unity. The test weight of AAC Walker was similar to AAC Brandon and 1000-kernel weight similar to AAC Viewfield. The grain protein content of AAC Walker was 0.6 units lower than AAC Brandon. AAC Walker expressed moderately resistant reaction to Fusarium head blight ( Fusarium spp.) and common bunt ( Tilletia caries (DC) Tul. & C. Tul.). AAC Walker was resistant to prevalent races of leaf rust ( Puccinia triticina Erikss.), stem rust ( Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn), and stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis Westend) prevalent in western Canada. AAC Walker was resistant to orange wheat blossom midge ( Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). AAC Walker was deemed to fit the CWRS wheat class by the Canadian Grain Commission (CGC) and registered with Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).
Addendum — Vector invariants of permutation groups in characteristic zero
Authors: Reimers Fabian , Sezer Müfit 
Published: January 2025

This note proves that rings of vector invariants of permutation groups acting on an [Formula: see text]-dimensional vector space in characteristic zero are generated by its invariants of degree less than or equal to [Formula: see text]. This improves our previous result [F. Reimers and M. Sezer, Vector invariants of permutation groups in characteristic zero, Internat. J. Math. 35(3) (2024) 2350111] and fully extends Göbel’s theorem [M. Göbel, Computing bases for rings of permutation-invariant polynomials, J. Symbolic Comput. 19(4) (1995) 285–291] to the case of vector invariants.
Epidemiology of Congenital Hand Anomalies at a Single Center in Mainland China: An Analysis of 1,415 Cases
Authors: GUO Yang , SUN Liying , ZHAO Zongxuan , SHENG Chao , DING Yunyun , TIAN Wen 
Published: January 2025

Background: Currently, large-sample epidemiological studies on congenital upper limb differences (CULD) in China are relatively rare. This report presents our centre’s experience on the spectrum of diseases and related factors. Methods: Information was collected from patients with CULD who underwent surgical treatment at our centre from September 2018 to October 2023. Data collection included patient name, gender, age, clinical features and diagnosis, family history, parents’ age, parents’ medical history, pregnancy history and family income. Bivariate relationships between these variables were examined. Results: The average age of the patients was 4 years; 1,398 patients (99%) were aged 9 months to 18 years, and 17 patients (1%) were adults. There were 848 males (60%) and 567 females (40%), with a statistically significant gender distribution (p < 0.05). The most common differences were polydactyly and syndactyly, accounting for 47% and 14%, respectively. Syndromic patients accounted for 14%, and cardiac conditions were the most prevalent non-musculoskeletal issue (55%). First-born patients accounted for 54% of patients, and the average age of parents for first-born patients was 30 ± 5 years for fathers and 29 ± 2 years for mothers. For non-first-born patients, the average age of parents was 33 ± 6 years for fathers and 32 ± 5 years for mothers, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In China, congenital limb differences are still dominated by polydactyly and syndactyly. Heart conditions occur most frequently in patients with syndromes. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Epidemiological)
An Exosome-Based Liquid Biopsy Predicts Depth of Response and Survival Outcomes to Cetuximab and Panitumumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The EXONERATE Study
Authors: Xu Caiming , Mannucci Alessandro , Esposito Francis , Oliveres Helena , Alonso-Orduña Vicente , Yubero Alfonso , Fernández-Martos Carlos , Salud Antonieta , Gallego Javier , Martín-Richard Marta , Fernández-Plana Julen , Guillot Mónica , Aparicio Jorge , Fakih Marwan , Kopetz Scott , Feliu Jaime , Maurel Joan , Goel Ajay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
The EXOsome and cell-free miRNAs of anti-EGFR ResistAnce (EXONERATE) study was an open-label, biomarker interventional study designed to develop, test, and validate a liquid biopsy predictive of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) for first-line EGFR inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Patients and Methods:
Patients with newly diagnosed RAS wild-type, chemotherapy-naïve mCRC, both right- and left-sided, were enrolled in two nationwide trials to receive cetuximab or panitumumab along with chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was 12-month PFS, which was hierarchically tested in left- and right-sided mCRCs to predict PFS, OS, and ORR.

Results:
Genome-wide small RNA sequencing identified 12 cell-free and 14 exosomal candidates that were differentially expressed in both plasma and tumor tissue of good versus poor responders (based on PFS &lt;12 months). The 8 and 9 best performing candidates, respectively, were used to generate the EXONERATE assay. In left-sided mCRC, 65% were EXONERATE-high, correlating with shorter median PFS (9.5 vs. 18.5 months; P &lt; 0.001). In the independent right-sided mCRC cohort, 80.8% were EXONERATE-high and experienced a similarly shorter median PFS (8.6 vs. 41.2 months; P = 0.0004). In the right-sided group, EXONERATE predicted PFS ≥12 months with 100% sensitivity. A linear relationship existed between EXONERATE values and response depth. Multivariate analysis revealed that EXONERATE predicts PFS and OS independently of tumor sidedness.

Conclusions:
The EXONERATE assay robustly predicted PFS and OS outcomes in patients with mCRC, both right- and left-sided, before they received either panitumumab or cetuximab. It stratified PFS, OS, and ORR better than a right versus left approach.
Cross‐Sectional Association Between Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns, Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts, and Cognition
Authors: Huang Jiannan , Robert Caroline , Ling Lieng‐Hsi , Chen Christopher , Hilal Saima 
Published: January 2025

Background
Left ventricular (LV) geometric patterns are associated with cognitive impairment and cerebral small vessel disease. As a novel magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease and a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, cortical cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) have been associated with heart disease through mechanisms including cardioembolism and cerebral hypoperfusion. Further investigation is required to determine whether cortical CMIs could arise from hemodynamic changes related to LV geometry, thus elucidating the connection between LV geometry and cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the cross‐sectional relationship between LV geometric patterns, cortical CMIs, and cognition.

Methods and Results
A total of 261 patients, aged 75.3±6.8 years, were enrolled from a memory clinic study. LV dimensions were obtained using 2‐dimensional echocardiography. LV mass index and relative wall thickness were determined to categorize LV geometric patterns. Cortical CMIs were graded on 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Cognition was assessed using neuropsychological tests and clinical diagnosis. Linear, zero‐inflated Poisson, and logistic regression were employed for continuous, count, and binary outcomes, respectively. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediation effect of cortical CMIs. A significant association was observed between concentric LV hypertrophy and cortical CMI counts (rate ratio, 3.85 [95% CI, 1.85–8.01]), as well as the odds of having dementia (odds ratio, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.07–7.89]), in the fully adjusted model. Cortical CMIs may partly explain the relationship between concentric LV hypertrophy and cognitive function.

Conclusions
Concentric LV hypertrophy was associated with cortical CMIs and dementia. Further verification is warranted to determine the role of cortical CMIs in the association between LV geometry and cognition.
Plasma Human Cartilage Glycoprotein‐39 and Cognitive Impairment After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Zhang Kaixin , Zhong Chongke , Zhu Zhengbao , Zheng Xiaowei , Yang Pinni , Che Bizhong , Lu Yaling , Zhang Yonghong , Xu Tian 
Published: January 2025

Background
Our study aimed at evaluating the association between plasma human cartilage glycoprotein‐39 (YKL‐40) and cognitive impairment at 3 months among patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

Plasma YKL‐40 levels were measured in 604 participants from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cognitive impairment outcomes were assessed at 3 months poststroke using the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. According to the Mini‐Mental State Examination score, patients in the highest quartile of YKL‐40 had a 2.01‐fold (95% CI, 1.23–3.29;
P
for trend=0.009) risk of poststroke cognitive impairment compared with those in the lowest quartile. Each 1 SD difference of logarithm‐transformed YKL‐40 was associated with a 28% (95% CI, 7–53) increased risk for the outcome. The multiple‐adjusted spline regression model confirmed dose–response relationships between YKL‐40 and poststroke cognitive impairment (
P
for linearity=0.01). Adding YKL‐40 to a model containing conventional risk factors significantly improved the discriminatory power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve improved by 0.02,
P
=0.03). When cognitive impairment was defined using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, similar findings were observed.

Conclusions
Elevated YKL‐40 levels were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment at 3 months among patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Registration

URL:
clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT01840072.
Proteins Involved in Endothelial Function and Inflammation Are Implicated in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Sun Zihan , Harshfield Eric L. , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Burgess Stephen , Butterworth Adam S. , Riksen Niels P. , Mallat Ziad , Markus Hugh S. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). However, whether they are causal, and if so which components of the pathways represent potential treatment targets, remains uncertain.

METHODS:
Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to test the association between the circulating abundance of 996 proteins involved in endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and SVD. The genetic instruments predicting protein levels were obtained from the Iceland 36K (n=35 892) and the UK Biobank Proteomics (n=34 557) cohorts, both of which were longitudinal studies with follow-up from 2000 to 2023 and 2006 to 2023, respectively. SVD was represented by lacunar stroke (n=6030 cases) and 5 neuroimaging features (white matter hyperintensities [n=55 291], diffusion tensor imaging metrics: mean diffusivity [n=36 460] and fractional anisotropy [n=36 533], extensive white matter perivascular space burden [n=9324 cases], and cerebral microbleeds [n=3556 cases]). Among the proteins supported by causal evidence from the MR, cross-sectional analysis was performed to assess their associations with cognitive performance; survival analysis with Fine-Gray models was applied to examine their associations with incident all-cause dementia and stroke within the UK Biobank Proteomics cohort.

RESULTS:

MR suggested COL2A1 (collagen type II α-1 chain) was associated with lacunar stroke (odds ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.86–0.91];
P
=5×10
−5
). Moreover, 12 proteins related to endothelial function and inflammation were associated with neuroimaging features of SVD. Cross-sectional analyses showed 5 of the 13 proteins (EPHA2 [ephrin type-A receptor 2], METAP1D [methionine aminopeptidase 1D, mitochondrial], FLT4 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3], COL2A1, and TIMD4 [T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing protein 4]) were associated with cognitive performance with effects concordant with their MR findings. Survival analyses with the Fine-Gray models indicated that 5 of the 13 proteins (EPHA2, METAP1D, FLT4, APOE [apolipoprotein E], and PDE5A [cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase]) were associated with the risk of all-cause dementia or stroke independent of age and sex, consistent with their MR evidence.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest that endothelial-platelet activation and complement-mediated regulation of inflammation play roles in SVD and identify potential therapeutic targets and pathways.
The Expansion of the Argentine Nuclear Program During the Last Dictatorship, 1976–83
Authors: Rodríguez Milagros 
Published: January 2025

This article aims to analyze the nuclear policy of the last Argentine dictatorship between 1976 and 1983. During that period, the Nuclear Program secured both political and financial backing from the government through the 1979 Nuclear Plan. Paradoxically, this process coincided with the fiscal cut and the destruction of local industry promoted by the Ministry of Economy, headed by the liberal economist José A. Martínez de Hoz. In Martínez de Hoz’ view, inflation and government deficit were identified as the main obstacles to economic growth, and both state intervention and industrial promotion policies were seen as the cause of inefficiency. While the Nuclear Program depended almost entirely on public entities, it is worth asking why it did not suffer the same fate as the rest of the public sector. This study proposes that the 1979 Nuclear Plan largely represented the maturation of the planning initially laid out by CNEA prior to the dictatorship, in 1968. The autonomy granted to this ‘agent’ empowered scientists and specialists to shape the nuclear agenda. In this context, Castro Madero's role as an interlocutor with the government was crucial in ensuring sustained and effective communication between both spheres.
Analysis of clinical indicators and survival prediction in trauma patients
Authors: He Xuwei , Huang Yingxiao , Zeng Danyi 
Published: January 2025

Background Accurate prognostic assessment of critically ill trauma patients in emergency departments is crucial for early intervention and improving survival rates. This study investigates the relationship between blood parameters, disease severity, and patient outcomes. Objective To explore the relationship between blood parameters and the severity and prognosis of critically ill trauma patients in an emergency trauma center. The goal is to facilitate early diagnosis, implement measures to improve survival rates, and enhance patient outcomes. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the blood parameters of 569 critically ill trauma patients admitted to the trauma center from 2020 to August 2023. The analysis focused on examining the relationship between these parameters and the severity and prognosis of the patients. Results Compared to the improved and non-recovered groups, the mortality group had longer times from injury to hospital admission, higher ISS and NEWS scores, lower GCS scores, more acidic blood gas analysis, electrolyte imbalances, and poorer liver and kidney function as well as coagulation indicators. Conclusion Low pH, high PaCO2, high lactate, high potassium, high NLR, high D-Dimer, high ISS, and high NEWS are independent risk factors. Conversely, high PLT, albumin, and GCS scores are independent protective factors. These indicators can effectively predict the prognosis of trauma patients.