bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measles outbreak in Ethiopia amid COVID-19: an effect of war-induced hampering of vaccination and pandemic
Authors: Nazir Abubakar , Oduoye Malik O. , Tunde Afolayan M. , Hafsat Abubakar , Guta Jalene G. , Akilimali Aymar , Elembwe Hardy , Kitumaini Chris , Onesime Jones , Bavurhe Rodrigue F. 
Published: March 2023

Measles, a highly infectious viral disease, is a leading cause of death among young children in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. Despite Ethiopia being the first large country to conduct a mass immunization campaign for measles in 2020 following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, in which over 14.5 million children in the country were vaccinated, there was another outbreak of measles in the country in the year 2022, especially in the eastern parts of the country. According to the WHO, a total of 9850 measles cases were suspected, out of which 5806 cases were confirmed, with 56 deaths (CFR=0.6%) in Ethiopia from January to 30 September 2022. The total number of cases crossed 10 000 cases by the end of October 2022. Amid COVID-19 and war times in Ethiopia posed serious challenges for the under-5 children to get access to vaccination against measles. We, therefore, urge the Ethiopian government to reach an amicable and diplomatic agreement with the civilians causing internal and intraethnic wars in the country as soon as possible, as this would prevent further hampering of measles vaccination for the Ethiopian people, most especially the children.
A huge primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Laklaai Zakaria , Chanoune Khadija , Benjelloune Hanane , Zaghba Nahid , Yassine Najiba 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung is an uncommon thoracic neoplasm. It is considered a slow-growing tumor with a low-grade malignancy, which can be confusing as to its underlying malignancy, and the main treatment for this tumor is surgery.

Presentation of the Case:
Here, we report a case of cystic adenoid carcinoma of the lung in a 50-year-old man presenting with an unusual radiological presentation. The tumor was classified as T4N3M1a according to the TNM classification, eighth edition, and the decision was to treat the patient with palliative chemotherapy. The pathologist and surgeons must fully understand the adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung to prevent misdiagnosis.

Conclusion:
Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. The diagnosis can be challenging both clinically and histologically. Here, we present a case with an atypical radiological presentation, making the diagnosis even more difficult.
Fatal sepsis with peripheral necrosis due to Capnocytophagus canimorsus infection after dog bite: a case report
Authors: Peeters Maxim , Pelzer John , Yazar Ozan , Salemans Pieter , Wong Chunyu , Decraemer Gilles , Bouwman Lee 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium in dogs and cats’ saliva that can be transmitted to humans by licking, biting, or scratching. Although rare, an infection with C. canimorsus can have lethal consequences. Based on this case, the authors want to emphasize the importance of adequate wound care, close monitoring, and the use of prophylactic antibiotics after a dog bite or cat bite

Case Presentation:
The authors present the case of a healthy 52-year-old patient with severe sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiorgan failure, and peripheral necrosis of the lower arms, lower legs, nose, and genitals due to an infection with C. canimorsus after a dog bite. The patient eventually died on the ICU.

Clinical Discussion:
Due to the severeness of the sepsis, the patient was admitted to the ICU for maximum supportive care. As a last resort to save his life, an amputation of his nose, genitals, lower arms, and a transtibial amputation was proposed. In good consultation with the family, the decision was made not to perform this very mutilating surgery. The therapy was stopped because the loss in quality of life was too severe to justify continuation. The patient died soon after stopping supportive therapy.

Conclusion:
Based on this case, the authors would like to point out that, although rare, an infection with C. canimorsus can have devastating consequences with a high mortality and morbidity rate. It is important to know about this complication and to be aware of the importance of adequate wound care, close monitoring, and the use of prophylactic antibiotics after a dog bite or cat bite.
Abdominal cocoon syndrome, a rare cause of intestinal obstruction presenting in an Asian adult male: a case report
Authors: Thambi Vimala D. , Kowtha Praveen , Fatima Ambreen , Devarala Bhagya , Mushtaq Javaria , Shariff Sanobar , Uwishema Olivier 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Primary sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP), commonly known as abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS), is considered to be one of the rare causes of intestinal obstruction. This syndrome is characterized by the formation of a fibrous-collagenous membrane that encapsulates the intestine and other abdominal organs. Several theories have been proposed to explain the disease’s etiology. Patients often present with symptoms of partial intestinal obstruction, which is challenging to diagnose before laparotomy. Of all the available investigations, the contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen is the most sensitive, showing a sac-like fibrous membrane covering the bowel loops along with the fluid collection. Definitive treatment includes excision and adhesiolysis.

Case Presentation:
We present a case report of ACS in a 30-year-old male patient.

Clinical Findings and Investigations:
The patient presented with a chronic history of progressive colicky abdominal pain associated with nausea, vomiting, constipation, and weight loss.

Interventions and Outcome:
Multiple investigations, including abdominal X-rays, ultrasound, and upper GI endoscopy, were unremarkable. However, the contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen suggested small bowel obstruction with a differential diagnosis of SEP. Later explorative laparotomy and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ACS. Adhesiolysis was performed intraoperatively, which resolved the patient’s symptoms. The patient was asymptomatic at the 6th month follow-up visit.

Relevance and Impact:
Being a fairly rare condition, primary SEP can lead to a plethora of misdiagnoses and discomfort to the patient if not diagnosed on time. This case report aims to create awareness of this disease outside of the expected demographics- perimenarchal Asian girls. It is highly important for this unusual case to serve as an educative tool for physicians all over the world.
A silent, giant staghorn calculus managed with open surgery: a case report
Authors: Thapa Bineet , Bhomi Krishna K. , Shrestha Rit , Lamichhane Deepika , Rijal Anjan , Subedi Neeraj , Khadka Mohan , Adhikari Suman , Joshi Bhola R. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Staghorn calculus usually fills the pelvis of the kidney, the infundibulum, and most of the calyces. It is a rarity for staghorn stones to be asymptomatic; in addition to that, the calculus discussed in this case report was of a very large size and was removed intact. Open pyelolithotomy, the procedure used, is one that comes with a wide range of complications but can be deemed effective in certain cases. In this scenario, it led to no impediments to normal physiology.

Case Presentation:
Here the authors report the case of a 45-years-old Nepalese male who presented with a large yet asymptomatic staghorn calculus. It was managed with an open pyelolithotomy, and the patient had no intraoperative or postoperative complications.

Discussion:
Staghorn stones can be complete or partial and often naturally progress to renal impairment. Thus, an aggressive therapeutic approach is crucial, with careful evaluation of the site and size of the stone, the patient’s preference, and the institutional capacity. Ideally, staghorn calculi are completely removed, and it is imperative that the functions of the affected kidney are preserved as far as possible and when applicable. Although percutaneous nephrolithotomy is recommended for the removal of staghorn stones, several clinical, technical, and socioeconomic factors contributed to the use of open pyelolithotomy in the management of the case discussed here.

Conclusion:
Open pyelolithotomy can prove highly effective in removing large stones intact and in a single setting, the importance of which was accentuated by its unique clinical presentation and pathological anomalies.
Isolated pleural mucormycosis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report
Authors: Mohseni Ahangar Reza , Rezaei Majd Amirmohamad , Taherinezhad Ledari Ali 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Pulmonary mucormycosis is an uncommon, difficult-to-diagnose disease with currently no suitable treatments. It is associated with hematological malignancies, diabetes, and immunosuppression.

Case presentation:
We report a 16-year-old boy who developed pleural mucormycosis for unknown reasons. The patient presented to our hospital because of fever, chills, weakness, lethargy, loss of appetite, pleuritic chest pain, and shortness of breath. Histopathological testing ultimately diagnosed mucormycosis.

Discussion:
Pulmonary mucormycosis is a potentially fatal infection with a challenging clinical presentation that requires prompt diagnosis. Diagnosis of pleural mucormycosis was verified by histopathological analysis of pleural fluid and pleural tissue biopsy.

Conclusion:
This study emphasizes the relevance of histological examination in detecting mucormycosis, which will aid in early management by highlighting the difficulty of diagnosis.
A post-traumatic ossified subdural chronic hematoma successfully managed in a 34-year-old woman: a case report
Authors: Mansour Marah , Adi Mohammad , Mousa Hana , Haroun Nada , Rustum Muhamad , Joha Mohamad , Abdulrahman Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Ossified or calcified subdural chronic hematoma is an uncommon condition with an incidence of 0.3–2% of all chronic subdural hematomas. It can cause significant mortality and morbidity, especially in young patients. Because of the rare incidence of this condition, its pathophysiology and management preferences have not yet been clearly established, which raises the importance of reporting such cases in order to add valuable databases to the literature.

Case Presentation:
A 34-year-old woman with a history of head trauma several years ago presented with refractory headaches, convulsions, and muscle weakness. Computed tomography showed an extra-axial calcified lesion in the frontal lobe. Surgical treatment was decided considering the patient’s age, in addition to the presence of serious medically uncontrolled symptoms. The calcified lesion was successfully removed surgically, and the patient recovered completely. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ossified subdural chronic hematoma.

Clinical Discussion:
The symptoms of ossified subdural hematomas are not specific. However, the presence of a history of head trauma should raise suspicion of this condition. Computerized tomography is usually used as the diagnostic method. Nevertheless, it is unable to differentiate ossified chronic subdural hematomas from other intracranial extra-axial calcified lesions that need to be considered as a differential diagnosis. Pathologic investigations are needed to provide the final diagnosis.

Conclusions:
We highly recommend surgical therapy for ossified subdural hematomas that are symptomatic and persistent, especially in young patients. We further stress the significance of postsurgical anticonvulsant prophylaxis, particularly in patients presenting convulsions.
DLBS3233 enhances nephrin and podocin expression also reduces oxidative stress marker and insulin receptor serine diabetic rats’ podocytes
Authors: Mohani Chandra I. , Rudijanto Achmad , Aulanni’am Aulanni’am , Soeharto Setyawati 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Numerous oxidative stresses are detected in patients with diabetic kidney disease, resulting in insulin resistance that damages the pancreas and kidney. Renal podocytes insensitive to insulin lead to decreased nephrin and podocin and increased insulin receptor serine. The authors did an experiment on diabetic rats to examine the effect of DLBS3233 on repairing insulin resistance.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=5 per group): group of nondiabetic rats as a negative control (group 1); untreated diabetic rats (group 2); diabetic rats treated with DLBS3233 4.5 mg/kg BB (group 3); 9 mg/kg BB (group 4); 18 mg/kg BB (group 5); and diabetic rats treated with pioglitazone (group 6). The authors checked Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance to corroborate insulin resistance prior to DLBS3233 administration in diabetic rats. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of renal antimalondialdehyde (MDA) antibodies, nephrin, podocin, and insulin receptor serine. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the t-test.

Result:
In the DBLS3233 group, immunohistochemistry showed enhanced expression of renal nephrin and podocin, as well as diminished expression of anti-MDA antibody, along with decreased insulin receptor serine. From statistical analysis, anti-MDA antibodies and insulin receptor serine showed lower expression, whereas the expression of nephrin and podocin were enhanced compared to untreated groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
DLBS3233 reduces oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and improves insulin resistance by increasing the expression of renal nephrin and podocin as well as decreasing insulin receptor serine.
Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel revealing celiac disease in an adult: case report
Authors: Hassine Hajer , Ben Azouz Sarra , Yacoub Haythem , Debbabi Habiba , Cherif Dhouha , Kchir Héla , Maamouri Nadia 
Published: March 2023

Cancer of the small bowel is a rare malignancy. With an incidence of less than one per 100 000 people, it makes up only 5% of all gastrointestinal tract cancers. Celiac disease is a relatively common pathology and is often associated with the development of small bowel lymphoma. However, it is also a known risk factor for small bowel adenocarcinoma. The authors are reporting a case of a patient with recurrent bowel obstruction found to have a small bowel adenocarcinoma and an underlying celiac disease.
Spontaneous splenic hematoma secondary to dengue infection: a rare case report
Authors: Pahari Soumya , Basukala Sunil , Kunwar Prakash , Thapa Kriti , Khand Yugant , Thapa Ojas 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Dengue infection may have various surgical complications. Splenic hematoma is a rare complication of dengue hemorrhagic fever and may be life-threatening.

Case Presentation:
A 54-year-old male, diagnosed with dengue infection detected at another hospital, presented on the 10th day of fever with left upper abdominal pain for 7 days without history of trauma. Urgent ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed findings suggestive of a splenic subcapsular hematoma, which was confirmed by computed tomography scan. The grade II splenic hematoma was being managed conservatively. Unfortunately, the patient developed hospital acquired pneumonia and died from septic shock.

Clinical Discussion:
Hemorrhagic manifestations are seen in the febrile and critical phase of dengue, but the spleen is infrequently involved. Splenic hematoma can lead to splenic rupture, which can be rapidly fatal. Specific treatment guidelines of such hematomas are needed in the context of dengue infection, as the treatment modality is controversial.

Conclusion:
Patients must be carefully evaluated for the complications and surgical manifestations of dengue as abdominal pain and hypotension from splenic hematoma may be misinterpreted as components of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
A localized sinusoidal lesion of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with extranasal involvement in a Syrian female: a rare case report
Authors: Kherbek Haidara , Deeb Ismaeel , Daoud Rima , Ali Zain , Hleibieh Yana , Kherbek Sarah , Alshehabi Zuheir , Yakoub Hikmat 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare, immunologically mediated systemic vasculitis that presents as an aseptic necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the small and medium vessels.

Case presentation:
The authors report the case of a 47-year-old Syrian female smoker who was admitted to the hospital due to painless palpable masses in her left cheek and left upper lip. Her medical and family histories were unremarkable. Physical examination demonstrated facial asymmetry and bulging in the left cheek and left suborbital region, with marked limitation of the mouth opening and notable oozing from the maxillary sinus seen within the area of the extracted second premolar, in addition to swelling in the parotid gland region, which caused facial nerve weakness. Lab findings were significant for an elevated neutrophil count (16 400/mm3) and positivity of Cytoplasmic- Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody (c-ANCA). Microscopic examination revealed noncaseating necrotizing granulomas surrounded by histocytes and multinucleated giant cells. The disease kept its local invasion going despite the treatment with cyclophosphamide. Thus, surgical debridement was considered a notable improvement.

Discussion:
GPA is a systemic disease that usually affects multiple organs, especially the kidneys and the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The diagnosis of GPA is made based on a biopsy and the presence of c-ANCA. The treatment of GPA is patient-adjusted, and it usually consists of two major phases: induction and maintenance. However, surgery is preferred for patients who do not respond to pharmacotherapy.

Conclusion:
This article demonstrates a rare case of GPA in the head and neck region; that highlights the significant role of c-ANCA and histological exam in confirming the diagnosis as well as the importance of surgery when the disease is intractable.
Pleural and pericardial effusion revealed underlying acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report
Authors: Ashour Reham , Ibrahim Rahma , Haidar Mai , Alhussein Qossay 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy in children. It often presents with signs and symptoms related to bone marrow failure, but any organ can be affected. The extramedullary symptoms of leukemia are frequent and various. However, leukemia rarely causes serous effusions, especially as the first manifestation.

Case Presentation:
This case report presents a 17-year-old male who developed cardiac tamponade and pleural effusion that led to severe dyspnea. Examinations and diagnostic procedures revealed underlying pre-B-cell ALL.

Clinical Discussion:
Pleuropericardial effusion in leukemia is often the result of chemotherapy, infection, and relapse. It is rarely the first manifestation of the disease, especially B-cell ALL. However, analysis of the aspirated fluid may reveal an underlying one, which will help make an early diagnosis and administer the appropriate treatment.

Conclusion:
When approaching a patient with serous effusion, hematological malignancies should be considered the leading cause.
A case of pituitary apoplexy mimicking viral meningitis
Authors: Lally Anne , Funari Abigail , Ghosh Sayak R. , Karandish Alireza , Ledet Alexander J. , Agarwal Vijay 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical syndrome caused by ischemia or hemorrhage of the pituitary gland, typically in the context of an adenoma. It typically presents with a thunderclap headache and sterile cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). The authors identify a case of PA, which initially presented with the signs and symptoms of viral meningitis.

Presentation of Case:
A 44-year-old man presented to the emergency department with headache, nuchal rigidity, fever, and delirium. The patient reported a 10-year history of chronic that were partially responsive to acetaminophen. Four days after admission, the patient developed right-sided cranial nerve III, IV, and VI palsies. Labs revealed anemia and hyponatremia. The CSF was leukocytic, lymphocyte-predominant, and had elevated protein. In addition to these results, negative CSF bacterial cultures led the care team to believe this case was viral meningoencephalitis. Routine MRI of the brain at presentation revealed a 3.1×2.5×3.2 (craniocaudal×anterior posterior×transverse) expansile mass centered within the sella turcica. An endocrine workup revealed hypopituitarism. The diagnosis of PA was then made. A microscopic transsphenoidal resection of the sellar mass was performed, and histopathologic analysis confirmed necrotic pituitary adenoma tissue. Following an uncomplicated procedure, the patient recovered fully from his cranial nerve palsies and continues to do well.

Discussion:
Because life-threatening hypotension from acute adrenal insufficiency can be caused by PA, timely diagnosis is crucial. When a patient presents with meningism, PA should be included in the differential diagnosis.

Conclusion:
This report illustrates a case of PA presenting with symptoms and a CSF profile classically associated with viral meningitis.
Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma in children: a rare diagnosis not to be overlooked – case report
Authors: Dardouri Teheni , Ezzine Abir , Ben Fredj Maha , Boudriga Hajer , Mensi Sihem , Ayadi Aïda , Abroug Saoussen , Nouira Manel , Chatti Kaouthar 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and importance:
Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) in children is a rare entity. The diagnosis is often unrecognized, often treated as pneumonia, a more frequent diagnosis at this age.

Case presentation:
The authors report in this article, the case of a 12-year-old child with a clinical history of chronic cough evolving for 6 months with recurrent episodes of pneumonia. The presence of a foreign body was suggested on the thoracic computed tomography (CT). PMEC was histopathologically determined on biopsy. Fluorine-18-fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18 F-FDG PET)/CT was performed as part of the extension work-up prior to surgical management.

Clinical discussion:
Preoperative imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT seems to be a valuable tool for predicting tumor grade, nodal stage, and postsurgical prognosis in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. PMEC patients with high 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake may need extensive mediastinal lymph node dissection and adjuvant therapy.

Conclusion:
PMEC has different presentations depending on the degree of tumor differentiation on PET/CT whose input in the management of these rare cancers requires further studies.