bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agronomic assessment of corn utilization as cocoa intercrop under coconut stands
Authors: Butolo I , Hasan F , Sirajuddin Z 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cocoa is known as shade-loving plants, i.e. plants that suitably grow with shaded conditions. Therefore, particular cultivation techniques are needed, such as planting shade trees to cover cocoa trees from direct sunlight exposure. The utilization of shade-loving plants from annual and seasonal crops, such as coconut and corn, can provide several benefits for farmers, including optimal early growth of cocoa seedlings, and the byproduct of shade-loving plants can provide short-term economic benefits for farmers. Corn plants in sustainable cocoa farm management are grouped as pioneer plants that can provide temporary shade so that cocoa plants can be protected from direct sunlight because cocoa is known as a shade-loving plant. One of the efforts to get short-term income for farmers is to utilize corn as an intercrop while allowing for the generative phase of cocoa plants. This research aimed to find the growth and production of several corn varieties and their effect on cocoa growth under shade. It was conducted in a farmer’s field in Bualo Village, Paguyaman subdistrict, Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province from June to November 2022. This research employed a Randomized Group Design consisting of four treatments of corn varieties, namely: BISI 18 (V1), BISI 99 (V2), NASA 29 (V3); and NK 6172, repeated 4 times with 16 experimental units. The results explained that all varieties of corn were able to adapt and tolerate conditions under coconut trees as shades, while the BISI 18 variety showed the highest production yield. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the use of corn as an intercrop with the vegetative growth of cocoa plants.
Application of inorganic fertilizer NK (18-32) on growth and yield of sweet corn on clay soil
Authors: Sugiono  , Latifah Evy , Krismawati Amik , Antarlina Sri Satya , Angraeni Listy , Handayati Wahyu , Sihombing Donald 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the application of inorganic compound fertilizer NK (18-32) on sweet corn, an experiment was conducted at the experimental garden in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, starting from March to June 2020. The study was arranged in a single-factor RBD with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were a combination of doses of NK compound fertilizer, a single fertilizer as a comparison, and a control (without fertilizer). Besides control, all treatments were given P fertilizer at a dose of 100 kg/ha. The result showed that doses of 500-750 kg/ha of NK compound fertilizer significantly increased the growth and yield of the sweet corn plant. Each 10 kg dose increase of NK fertilizer will increase the total dry weight of the plant by 1.3055 g and give a yield of 12.57–13.64 tons/ha of fresh cobs. This result is equivalent to the yield of standard N-K single fertilizer (350 kg/ha Urea + 75 kg/ha). The dose of NK compound fertilizer of 125-250 kg/ha was proven to be able to substitute 100% KCl fertilizer (75 kg/ha). The RAE value of 750 kg/ha of NK fertilizer was 105.99 % higher than the standard/comparative single fertilizer. The combination of 125 kg/ha NK fertilizer + 250 kg/ha Urea and 250 kg/ha NK fertilizer + 100 kg/ha Urea, respectively, resulted in a RAE 3.91% and 1.00% higher than the standard fertilizer. Fertilization can improve the quality of sweet corn, namely the level of sweetness increases. NK (18-32) fertilizer doses of 500-750 kg/ha significantly increased the sweetness level of seed corn from 11.17% (without fertilizer) to 15.25-15.25%.
Response of vegetative phase growth of very early maturing rice plant to the application of liquid biosilica in paddy field
Authors: Rosdiana  , Riadi Muh , Jayadi Muh , Saragih Ammini A , Najamuddin Erwin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An increase in the cropping index causes the land to be cultivated more intensively and has impact on decreasing Silica content (Si) so that it is necessary to add Si to support the growth of rice plants, especially on intensive land. This research aims to study the effect of biosilica on the growth of the vegetative phase of several very early maturing rice varieties. The research was conducted from September to December 2022 in Gorontalo using a Split Plot Design. The variety as the main plot and dose of liquid biosilica as a subplot. The results showed that the treatment of Inpari 19 variety with biosilica dose of 4.5 L ha−1 had the highest number of stomata and stomata density. Individually, the Cakrabuana variety has the highest plant height, the highest number of tillers and the smallest flag leaf angle. Meanwhile, biosilica at a dose of 4.5 L ha−1 had the highest plant height and the smallest flag leaf angle. In addition, treatment of Inpari 13 and Inpari 19 varieties with biosilica dose of 3.0 L ha−1 gave the best effect on the development of blast disease intensity.
Response of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) to plant spacing and granular organic fertilizer (GOF)
Authors: Idaryani  , Paesal  , Warda  , Nurjanani  , Wananda Elisa , Wahditiya Andi Adriani 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Demand for sweet corn occurs drastically, especially in big cities. One of the limiting factors for the growth of sweet corn plants is the size of the plant population and the nutrient status of the soil. Based on this, it is necessary to increase the yield of sweet corn, among others, by setting the right spacing and applying organic granular fertilizer at the right dose as a source of nutrients. The study was conducted in Mandai, Maros, and South Sulawesi using a randomized block design in factorial. Plant spacing is the first factor (J1=70x20 cm; J2=70x30 cm; J3=70x40 cm). The level of application of granular organic fertilizer is the second factor (G1= 1 t ha-1; G2=2 t ha−1; G3=3 t ha−1). The use of plant spacing and the application of granular organic fertilizers had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, cob diameter, or number of rows per cob, but had a significant effect. on the parameters of cob length, cob weight without husk, the weight of 100 grains, number of seeds per row, and yield potential of sweet corn. In general, the best growth and yield of sweet corn was obtained at a spacing of 70 x 20 cm with the application of granular organic fertilizer (GOF) 3 t ha-1, namely 12.81 t ha−1.
Effect of different feed nitrogen on nutrient flow, performance, and productivity in the minapadi system
Authors: Nasrul M , Rasyid B , Saade E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cultivation with the minapadi method can increase the availability of nutrients and soil organic matter from the decomposition of feed residues and weeds. This system implements environmentally friendly cultivation and creates a sustainable ecosystem because rice plants use fish waste as a source of nutrients, and fish use weeds and pests in rice as a food source. This study aims to find the best feed formula in the minapadi system based on differences in nitrogen content and to analyze the effect of nitrogen from the artificial feed given on nitrogen flow, performance, and productivity in the minapadi system. Using a randomized block design method with four treatments of different feed doses repeated three times to obtain twelve experimental plot units, feed production using local raw materials that are cheap and easy to obtain, soil quality, water, and growth performance are the parameters observed. The results showed that the soil and water quality at the study site was quite good, so the growth performance of rice plants and fish was also good. The treatment of the feed doses given showed that the feed with the highest nitrogen content, namely 9%, gave the best growth performance for rice plants, while 7% nitrogen content gave the best growth for tilapia. The excessive levels of protein are not suitable for fish. However, they are handy for rice plants in the Minapadi system because nutrients that dissolve in water, nutrients from fish feces and urine, and nutrients that are sedimentation on the soil surface, are utilized by rice plants as a nutrient source.
In vitro multiplication of “Kepok” banana (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana) using different concentration of BAP and NAA in MS media
Authors: Safitri W , Ridwan I , Yassi A , BDR M Farid , Musa Y , Mansyur  , Badwi I T P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of different composition of BAP and NAA concentration added to Murashige and Skoog (MS) basic media on the in vitro multiplication of Indonesian “Kepok” banana variety. The research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Bonto-Bonto Horticultural Plant Seed Center. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed with two factors tested. Four concentrations of each BAP and NAA used were 0 ppm, 4.5 ppm, 5 ppm, and 5.5 ppm for BAP, and 0 ppm, 2 ppm, 2.5 ppm, and 3 ppm for NAA resulted in 15 composition of BAP:NAA in addition to control (without the hormones). The results show no interaction between the BAP and NAA treatments, BAP concentration of 5 ppm gave the best result on parameter time to shoots emergence (7.50 DAP). NAA concentration of 2.5 ppm gave the best results on root emergence time (8.61 DAP), time to plantlet formation (11.72 DAP), number of roots (4.81 roots) and root length (5.93 cm).
Neural oscillations reflect the individual differences in the temporal perception of audiovisual speech
Authors: Jiang Zeliang , An Xingwei , Liu Shuang , Yin Erwei , Yan Ye , Ming Dong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Multisensory integration occurs within a limited time interval between multimodal stimuli. Multisensory temporal perception varies widely among individuals and involves perceptual synchrony and temporal sensitivity processes. Previous studies explored the neural mechanisms of individual differences for beep-flash stimuli, whereas there was no study for speech. In this study, 28 subjects (16 male) performed an audiovisual speech/ba/simultaneity judgment task while recording their electroencephalography. We examined the relationship between prestimulus neural oscillations (i.e. the pre-pronunciation movement-related oscillations) and temporal perception. The perceptual synchrony was quantified using the Point of Subjective Simultaneity and temporal sensitivity using the Temporal Binding Window. Our results revealed dissociated neural mechanisms for individual differences in Temporal Binding Window and Point of Subjective Simultaneity. The frontocentral delta power, reflecting top-down attention control, is positively related to the magnitude of individual auditory leading Temporal Binding Windows (auditory Temporal Binding Windows; LTBWs), whereas the parieto-occipital theta power, indexing bottom-up visual temporal attention specific to speech, is negatively associated with the magnitude of individual visual leading Temporal Binding Windows (visual Temporal Binding Windows; RTBWs). In addition, increased left frontal and bilateral temporoparietal occipital alpha power, reflecting general attentional states, is associated with increased Points of Subjective Simultaneity. Strengthening attention abilities might improve the audiovisual temporal perception of speech and further impact speech integration.
Long-Read Sequencing Reveals Rapid Evolution of Immunity- and Cancer-Related Genes in Bats
Authors: Scheben Armin , Mendivil Ramos Olivia , Kramer Melissa , Goodwin Sara , Oppenheim Sara , Becker Daniel J , Schatz Michael C , Simmons Nancy B , Siepel Adam , McCombie W Richard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bats are exceptional among mammals for their powered flight, extended lifespans, and robust immune systems and therefore have been of particular interest in comparative genomics. Using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read platform, we sequenced the genomes of two bat species with key phylogenetic positions, the Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) and the Mesoamerican mustached bat (Pteronotus mesoamericanus), and carried out a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis with a diverse collection of bats and other mammals. The high-quality, long-read genome assemblies revealed a contraction of interferon (IFN)-α at the immunity-related type I IFN locus in bats, resulting in a shift in relative IFN-ω and IFN-α copy numbers. Contradicting previous hypotheses of constitutive expression of IFN-α being a feature of the bat immune system, three bat species lost all IFN-α genes. This shift to IFN-ω could contribute to the increased viral tolerance that has made bats a common reservoir for viruses that can be transmitted to humans. Antiviral genes stimulated by type I IFNs also showed evidence of rapid evolution, including a lineage-specific duplication of IFN-induced transmembrane genes and positive selection in IFIT2. In addition, 33 tumor suppressors and 6 DNA-repair genes showed signs of positive selection, perhaps contributing to increased longevity and reduced cancer rates in bats. The robust immune systems of bats rely on both bat-wide and lineage-specific evolution in the immune gene repertoire, suggesting diverse immune strategies. Our study provides new genomic resources for bats and sheds new light on the extraordinary molecular evolution in this critically important group of mammals.
Global Positioning System Indicators of Community Mobility and Future Health Outcomes Among Older Adults
Authors: Dunlap Pamela M , Crane Breanna M , Perera Subashan , Moored Kyle D , Carlson Michelle C , Brach Jennifer S , Klatt Brooke N , Rosso Andrea L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
We examined the relationship between global positioning system (GPS) indicators of community mobility and incident hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and falls over 1-year in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized trial investigating a physical therapy intervention to improve mobility in older adults. One hundred and forty-eight participants (mean age: 76.9 ± 6.2 years; 65% female) carried a GPS device following the postintervention visit. Over 1-year, new hospitalizations, falls, and ED visits were reported. GPS indicators of community mobility included the median area and compactness of the standard deviation ellipse (SDE), the median percentage of time spent outside of home (TOH), and median maximum distance from home. Generalized linear models assessed the association between 1-year risk of outcomes and GPS measures adjusted for age, race, gender, body mass index, comorbidity burden, and fall history.

Results
The mean ± standard deviation of the median SDE area was 4.4 ± 8.5 km2, median SDE compactness 0.7 ± 0.2, median percentage TOH 14.4 ± 12.0%, and median maximum distance from home was 38 ± 253 km. Each 5% increase in median percentage TOH was associated with a 24% lower risk of hospitalization (incident rate ratio = IRR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.61–0.95; p = .01). The association persisted after covariate adjustment (IRR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.63–0.98; p = .03). No significant associations appeared for any GPS indicators with incident falls or ED visits.

Conclusions
Increased TOH was associated with a lower risk of incident hospitalization over 1 year among community-dwelling older adults. Restricted community mobility may be an indicator of activity limitations related to future health outcomes, but further study is warranted.
Inequities in spatial access to health services in Ghanaian cities
Authors: Dumedah Gift , Iddrisu Seidu , Asare Christabel , Adu-Prah Samuel , English Sinead 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Consideration of health equity is fundamental to enhancing the health of those who are economically/socially disadvantaged. A vital characteristic of health equity and therefore health disparity is the level of spatial access to health services and its distribution among populations. Adequate knowledge of health disparity is critical to enhancing the optimal allocation of resources, identification of underserved populations and improving the efficiency and performance of the health system. The provision of such insight for sub-Saharan African (SSA) cities is a challenge and is severely limited in the literature. Accordingly, this study examined the disparities in potential spatial access to health services for four selected urban areas in Ghana based on: (1) the number of physicians per population; (2) access score based on a weighted sum of access components; (3) travel time to health services and (4) the combined evaluation of linkages between travel distance, settlement area, population and economic status. The overall spatial access to health services is low across all selected cities varying between 3.02 and 1.78 physicians per 10 000 persons, whereas the access score is between 1.70 and 2.54. The current number of physicians needs to be increased by about five times to satisfy the World Health Organization’s standard. The low spatial access is not equitable across and within the selected cities, where the economically disadvantaged populations were found to endure longer travel distances to access health services. Inequities were found to be embedded within the selected cities where economically poor populations are also disadvantaged in their physical access to healthcare. The health facilities in all cities have reasonable travel distances separating them but are inadequately resourced with physicians. Thus, increasing the physician numbers and related resources at spatially targeted existing facilities would considerably enhance spatial access to health services.
Can guidelines rein in oxygen use? A retrospective cross-sectional study using routinely collected data
Authors: Talat Usman , Schmidtke Kelly A , Khanal Saval , Turner Alice M , Vlaev Ivo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Oxygen is one of the most commonly used emergency therapies. Like other therapies, oxygen can cause harm if used inappropriately. During the COVID-19 pandemic, guidelines were released to optimize oxygen and medication use. In the current study, we examine whether oxygen and medication use during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was in concordance with new guidelines.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using routinely collected data from University of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust in England. Patients were admitted between April 2020 and September 2020, were over the age of 18 years, and had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. To assess adherence to the oxygen guidelines (i.e. SpO2 adherence), the percentage of times oxygen therapy was administered within, over, and under guideline specifications were calculated for patients overall, and then for patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/pulmonary disease separately. Next, two multinomial regression analyses were conducted to assess whether clinical processes, pre-admission diagnoses, and other demographic factors were related to oxygen use. Analysis 1 included patients not diagnosed with COPD/pulmonary disease. Analysis 2 included patients diagnosed with COPD/pulmonary disease. Results are reported as tallies, percentages, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. To assess adherence to a new medication guideline, the percentage of patients administered oxygen and dexamethasone was calculated for those admitted after 25 June 2020.
The overall number of patients included in our SpO2 adherence analyses was 8751 (female = 4168). Oxygen was used within guideline specifications less than half the time, i.e. 41.6% (n = 3638/8751); non-adherence involving under-administering (3.5%, n = 304/8751) was markedly lower than over-administering (55.0%, n = 4809/8751). Adherence was higher for patients without COPD (43.7%, n = 3383/7741) than with COPD (25.2%, n = 255/1010). Under-administering was low across groups (non-COPD 3.5%, n = 274/7741 and COPD 2.9%, n = 30/1010). Over-administering was markedly lower for non-COPD (52.3%, n = 4084/7741) than COPD (71.8%, n = 725/1010) patients. Diagnoses associated with over-administering varied across the groups. Regarding the dexamethasone guidelines, of the 6397 patients admitted after the 24th of June, only 12.6% (n = 805) received dexamethasone.
Suboptimal use of oxygen and medication were common during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. As found in previous studies, over-administering was more common than under-administering. The new guidelines issued during the COVID-19 pandemic were not by themselves sufficient to optimize oxygen use. Behavioural strategies are explored which may help policymakers optimize oxygen use.
Temporal variability of abundance and non-predation mortality of some major groups of crustacean zooplankton (Diplostraca, Copepoda, and Decapoda) in Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Alemany-Rodríguez Emilio Alejandro , Hernández-Trujillo Sergio , La Rosa-Izquierdo Yadian Israel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Estimates of the prevalence of dead zooplankton are increasingly necessary in marine ecological studies. We aimed to identify the relative proportions of live/dead individuals of three of the historically most abundant taxa of zooplankton in Magdalena Bay, Mexico: copepods, decapods, and diplostracans. Abundance data and environmental variability were recorded monthly at neap tides during 2015–2018. Samples were stained with neutral red to distinguish living from dead individuals. Copepods were the most abundant group and showed a significant annual variability in their abundance during the study period. Influenced by a preceding warm spell and the El Niño event of 2015–2016, the lowest abundances and the highest recorded standing mortalities of all three taxa were reported in 2015; standing mortality during El Niño was double that otherwise observed. A significant correlation was found between some of the environmental variables analyzed (salinity, temperature) and increased standing mortalities in copepods and decapods. We found differences between the percentages of live/dead organisms between the years analyzed and also between the taxonomic groups involved (copepods 17%, decapods 21%), which underlines the importance of including mortality analyses in ecological studies of zooplankton.
Tracing Evolution in Massive Protostellar Objects – I. Fragmentation and emission properties of massive star-forming clumps in a luminosity-limited ALMA sample
Authors: Avison A , Fuller G A , Frimpong N Asabre , Etoka S , Hoare M , Jones B M , Peretto N , Traficante A , van der Tak F , Pineda J E , Beltrán M , Wyrowski F , Thompson M , Lumsden S , Nagy Z , Hill T , Viti S , Fontani F , Schilke P 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The role of massive (≥ 8$\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) stars in defining the energy budget and chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium in their host galaxy is significant. In this first paper from the Tracing Evolution in Massive Protostellar Objects (TEMPO) project we introduce a colour-luminosity selected (L* ∼ 3 × 103 to 1 × 105 L⊙) sample of 38 massive star-forming regions observed with ALMA at 1.3 mm and explore the fragmentation, clustering, and flux density properties of the sample. The TEMPO sample fields are each found to contain multiple fragments (between 2 and 15 per field). The flux density budget is split evenly (53 per cent–47 per cent) between fields where emission is dominated by a single high flux density fragment and those in which the combined flux density of fainter objects dominates. The fragmentation scales observed in most fields are not comparable with the thermal Jeans length, λJ, being larger in the majority of cases, suggestive of some non-thermal mechanism. A tentative evolutionary trend is seen between luminosity of the clump and the ‘spectral line richness’ of the TEMPO fields; with 6.7 GHz maser associated fields found to be lower luminosity and more line rich. This work also describes a method of line-free continuum channel selection within ALMA data and a generalized approach used to distinguishing sources which are potentially star-forming from those which are not, utilizing interferometric visibility properties.