bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive robust control for Pendubot with matched–mismatched uncertainty via constraint-following
Authors: Wei Cui , Chen Ye-Hwa , Chai Tianyou , Fu Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe study presents an adaptive robust control method for the Pendubot subjects to matched and mismatched uncertainty. First, the control task is formatted as a reduced-dimension equality constraint of the system states. To handle the matched and mismatched uncertainties, an orthogonal decomposition method is employed to make the mismatched part disappear after decomposition. Based on the above, an adaptive robust control law based on constraint-following is devised. By the Lyapunov approach, it is rigorously proven that the proposed approach ensures the uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop control system and thus renders approximate constraint-following, regardless of uncertainty. Simulation and experimental results are provided and discussed, demonstrating the good performance of the proposed approach.
Simulation Research on the Influence of Plasma Bubbles on Radio Wave Propagation
Authors: Ma Xin , Guo Peng , Wu Mengjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlasma bubbles are large‐scale irregular structures that often occur at equatorial latitudes, equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) affect the propagation of high‐frequency (HF) radio waves. Based on their main observational characteristics, a three‐dimensional (3D) model of EPBs was established, and a preliminary simulation of EPBs was performed. Three‐dimensional ray tracing can be used to simulate HF radio wave propagation. In this study, we consider EPBs at different scales, appearing at different times and different heights, and investigate the influence of EPBs on the propagation path of radio waves at low latitudes. The simulation results show that when they propagate through EPBs of different scales, the propagation paths of radio waves are completely different. Radio waves at 6, 8, and 10 MHz show obvious refraction; With an increase in EPB scale, the focusing effect of radio waves will diminish, and the focusing height will increase. The propagation of HF radio waves through EPB change with time as follows: partial penetration, partial reflection, and total penetration, the refraction effect of EPB on radio waves gradually decreases over time. When radio waves propagate through EPB at different heights, the simulation results show that EPB at an altitude of 200 km makes little impact on the radio waves. As the height of EPB increases, the radio waves will exhibit significant refraction, showing an obvious focusing effect.
Controlling Factors of Artificial Irregularities Triggered by Chemical Release at Low Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Gao Jing‐Fan , Xu Zheng‐Wen , Guo Li‐Xin , Xue Kun , Zhao Hai‐Sheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe chemical release for trigging instabilities is a challenging topic in the ionosphere since 1970s. It is a helpful tool to both recognize the physical mechanism for modeling space weather and mitigate adverse effects on technological systems. Based on the well‐developed instability simulation, the rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI) theory is employed as a diagnosis method in this paper. It is used to study the instability inducing effects or scintillation controlling effect of chemical release for the first time. The main controlling factors of the chemical release are investigated. It is found that the release amount, release altitude and the initial growth rate of the ambient ionosphere are of great importance to the instability evolution and consequent scintillation effects. First, the plasma bubble induced by chemical release will rise and penetrate to the upper ionosphere, no matter what the ambient growth rate is. However, the ambient growth rate will determine the induced scintillation regime. Second, the release altitude will significantly affect the instability evolving time and scintillation intensity. There only exist a threshold of the release amount for moderate scintillation. Finally, the release amount could dominate the bifurcation process, in which the plasma bubble will deform and extend laterally. It provides an insight into the scintillation effect induced by chemical release by using the ROTI estimation. As a result, this work is a step further for the challenging topic of chemical release, and so as to be helpful for the follow‐up active space experiments.
Ensemble Modeling of Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration by Chorus Waves: Dependence on Key Input Parameters
Authors: Hua Man , Bortnik Jacob , Kellerman Adam C. , Camporeale Enrico , Ma Qianli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe perform ensemble simulations of radiation belt electron acceleration using the quasi‐linear approach during the storm on 9 October 2012, where chorus waves dominated electron acceleration at L = 5.2. Based on a superposed epoch analysis of 11 similar storms when both multi‐MeV electron flux enhancements and chorus wave activities were observed by Van Allen Probes, we use percentiles to sample the normalized input distributions for the four key inputs to estimate their relative perturbations. Using 11 points in each input parameter including chorus wave amplitude Bw, chorus wave peak frequency fm, background magnetic field B0, and electron density Ne, we ran 114 simulations to quantify the impact of uncertainties in the input parameters on the resulting simulated electron acceleration by chorus. By comparing the simulations to observations, our ensemble simulations reveal that inaccuracies in all four input parameters significantly affect the simulated electron acceleration, with the largest simulation errors attributed to the uncertainties in Bw, Ne, and fm. The simulation can deviate from the observations by four orders of magnitude, while members with largest probability density (smallest perturbations in the input) provide reasonable estimations of output fluxes with log accuracy errors concentrated between ∼−2.0 and 0.5. Quantifying the uncertainties in our study is a prerequisite for the validation of our radiation belt electron model and improvements of accurate electron flux predictions.
In vivo induction of activin A-producing alveolar macrophages supports the progression of lung cell carcinoma
Authors: Taniguchi Seiji , Matsui Takahiro , Kimura Kenji , Funaki Soichiro , Miyamoto Yu , Uchida Yutaka , Sudo Takao , Kikuta Junichi , Hara Tetsuya , Motooka Daisuke , Liu Yu-Chen , Okuzaki Daisuke , Morii Eiichi , Emoto Noriaki , Shintani Yasushi , Ishii Masaru 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlveolar macrophages (AMs) are crucial for maintaining normal lung function. They are abundant in lung cancer tissues, but their pathophysiological significance remains unknown. Here we show, using an orthotopic murine lung cancer model and human carcinoma samples, that AMs support cancer cell proliferation and thus contribute to unfavourable outcome. Inhibin beta A (INHBA) expression is upregulated in AMs under tumor-bearing conditions, leading to the secretion of activin A, a homodimer of INHBA. Accordingly, follistatin, an antagonist of activin A is able to inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis identifies a characteristic subset of AMs specifically induced in the tumor environment that are abundant in INHBA, and distinct from INHBA-expressing AMs in normal lungs. Moreover, postnatal deletion of INHBA/activin A could limit tumor growth in experimental models. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the critical pathological role of activin A-producing AMs in tumorigenesis, and provides means to clearly distinguish them from their healthy counterparts.
High-throughput telomere length measurement at nucleotide resolution using the PacBio high fidelity sequencing platform
Authors: Tham Cheng-Yong , Poon LaiFong , Yan TingDong , Koh Javier Yu Peng , Ramlee Muhammad Khairul , Teoh Vania Swee Imm , Zhang Suihan , Cai Yi , Hong Zebin , Lee Gina S. , Liu Jin , Song Hai Wei , Hwang William Ying Khee , Teh Bin Tean , Tan Patrick , Xu Lifeng , Koh Angela S. , Osato Motomi , Li Shang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTelomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. The progressive shortening of steady-state telomere length in normal human somatic cells is a promising biomarker for age-associated diseases. However, there remain substantial challenges in quantifying telomere length due to the lack of high-throughput method with nucleotide resolution for individual telomere. Here, we describe a workflow to capture telomeres using newly designed telobaits in human culture cell lines as well as clinical patient samples and measure their length accurately at nucleotide resolution using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Our results also reveal the extreme heterogeneity of telomeric variant sequences (TVSs) that are dispersed throughout the telomere repeat region. The presence of TVSs disrupts the continuity of the canonical (5’-TTAGGG-3’)n telomere repeats, which affects the binding of shelterin complexes at the chromosomal ends and telomere protection. These findings may have profound implications in human aging and diseases.
CRISPR screens reveal genetic determinants of PARP inhibitor sensitivity and resistance in prostate cancer
Authors: Tsujino Takuya , Takai Tomoaki , Hinohara Kunihiko , Gui Fu , Tsutsumi Takeshi , Bai Xiao , Miao Chenkui , Feng Chao , Gui Bin , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Simoneau Antoine , Xie Ning , Fazli Ladan , Dong Xuesen , Azuma Haruhito , Choudhury Atish D. , Mouw Kent W. , Szallasi Zoltan , Zou Lee , Kibel Adam S. , Jia Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProstate cancer harboring BRCA1/2 mutations are often exceptionally sensitive to PARP inhibitors. However, genomic alterations in other DNA damage response genes have not been consistently predictive of clinical response to PARP inhibition. Here, we perform genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens in BRCA1/2-proficient prostate cancer cells and identify previously unknown genes whose loss has a profound impact on PARP inhibitor response. Specifically, MMS22L deletion, frequently observed (up to 14%) in prostate cancer, renders cells hypersensitive to PARP inhibitors by disrupting RAD51 loading required for homologous recombination repair, although this response is TP53-dependent. Unexpectedly, loss of CHEK2 confers resistance rather than sensitivity to PARP inhibition through increased expression of BRCA2, a target of CHEK2-TP53-E2F7-mediated transcriptional repression. Combined PARP and ATR inhibition overcomes PARP inhibitor resistance caused by CHEK2 loss. Our findings may inform the use of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA1/2-deficient tumors and support reevaluation of current biomarkers for PARP inhibition in prostate cancer.
Molecularly self‐fueled nano-penetrator for nonpharmaceutical treatment of thrombosis and ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Zhao Zhiqiang , Sun Shengnan , Zhang Sen , Wang Yuequan , Zhang Xuanbo , Sun Jin , He Zhonggui , Zhang Shenwu , Luo Cong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThrombotic cerebro-cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. However, current drug therapeutics are compromised by narrow therapeutic windows, unsatisfactory thrombolysis effects, severe bleeding events, and high recurrence rates. In this study, we exploit a self-propelling nano-penetrator with high fuel loading and controllable motion features, which is molecularly co-assembled using a photothermal photosensitizer (DiR) and a photothermal-activable NO donor (BNN6). The precisely engineered nano-penetrator of the BNN6-DiR fuel pair shows distinct advantages in terms of NO productivity and autonomous motion under laser irradiation. In animal models of artery/vein thrombosis and acute ischemic stroke, the self‐fueled nano-penetrator enables self-navigated thrombus-homing accumulation, self-propelled clot deep penetration, fluorescence image-guided photothermal/mechanical thrombolysis, and NO-mediated prevention of thrombosis recurrence and acute ischemic stroke salvage. As expected, the molecularly self-fueled nano-penetrator displayed favorable therapeutic outcomes without bleeding risk compared to the clinically available thrombolytic drug. This study offers a facile, safe, and effective nonpharmaceutical modality towards the clinical treatment of thrombosis and ischemic stroke.
Porous organic polycarbene nanotrap for efficient and selective gold stripping from electronic waste
Authors: Li Xinghao , Wang Yong-Lei , Wen Jin , Zheng Linlin , Qian Cheng , Cheng Zhonghua , Zuo Hongyu , Yu Mingqing , Yuan Jiayin , Li Rong , Zhang Weiyi , Liao Yaozu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe role of N-heterocyclic carbene, a well-known reactive site, in chemical catalysis has long been studied. However, its unique binding and electron-donating properties have barely been explored in other research areas, such as metal capture. Herein, we report the design and preparation of a poly(ionic liquid)-derived porous organic polycarbene adsorbent with superior gold-capturing capability. With carbene sites in the porous network as the “nanotrap”, it exhibits an ultrahigh gold recovery capacity of 2.09 g/g. In-depth exploration of a complex metal ion environment in an electronic waste-extraction solution indicates that the polycarbene adsorbent possesses a significant gold recovery efficiency of 99.8%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy along with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals that the high performance of the polycarbene adsorbent results from the formation of robust metal-carbene bonds plus the ability to reduce nearby gold ions into nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations indicate that energetically favourable multinuclear Au binding enhances adsorption as clusters. Life cycle assessment and cost analysis indicate that the synthesis of polycarbene adsorbents has potential for application in industrial-scale productions. These results reveal the potential to apply carbene chemistry to materials science and highlight porous organic polycarbene as a promising new material for precious metal recovery.
Rapid transmission and tight bottlenecks constrain the evolution of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Bendall Emily E. , Callear Amy P. , Getz Amy , Goforth Kendra , Edwards Drew , Monto Arnold S. , Martin Emily T. , Lauring Adam S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransmission bottlenecks limit the spread of novel mutations and reduce the efficiency of selection along a transmission chain. While increased force of infection, receptor binding, or immune evasion may influence bottleneck size, the relationship between transmissibility and the transmission bottleneck is unclear. Here we compare the transmission bottleneck of non-VOC SARS-CoV-2 lineages to those of Alpha, Delta, and Omicron. We sequenced viruses from 168 individuals in 65 households. Most virus populations had 0–1 single nucleotide variants (iSNV). From 64 transmission pairs with detectable iSNV, we identify a per clade bottleneck of 1 (95% CI 1–1) for Alpha, Delta, and Omicron and 2 (95% CI 2–2) for non-VOC. These tight bottlenecks reflect the low diversity at the time of transmission, which may be more pronounced in rapidly transmissible variants. Tight bottlenecks will limit the development of highly mutated VOC in transmission chains, adding to the evidence that selection over prolonged infections may drive their evolution.
Genome sequencing and assembly of Lathyrus sativus - a nutrient-rich hardy legume crop
Authors: Rajarammohan Sivasubramanian , Kaur Lovenpreet , Verma Anjali , Singh Dalwinder , Mantri Shrikant , Roy Joy K , Sharma Tilak Raj , Pareek Ashwani , Kandoth Pramod Kaitheri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a cool-season legume crop tolerant to drought, salinity, waterlogging, insects, and other biotic stresses. Despite these beneficial traits, this crop is not cultivated widely due to the accumulation of a neurotoxin - β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) in the seeds and its association with neurolathyrism. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the genome of Lathyrus sativus cultivar Pusa-24, an elite Indian cultivar extensively used in breeding programs. The assembled genome of Lathyrus was 3.80 Gb in length, with a scaffold N50 of 421.39 Mb. BUSCO assessment indicated that 98.3% of highly conserved Viridiplantae genes were present in the assembly. A total of 3.17 Gb (83.31%) of repetitive sequences and 50,106 protein-coding genes were identified in the Lathyrus assembly. The Lathyrus genome assembly reported here thus provides a much-needed and robust foundation for various genetic and genomic studies in this vital legume crop.
A mixed-method study on adolescents’ well-being during the COVID-19 syndemic emergency
Authors: Pepe Alessandro , Farina Eleonora 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we set out to investigate adolescents’ levels of perceived well-being and to map how they went about caring for their well-being during the COVID-19 syndemic. Participants were 229 Italian adolescent high school students (48.9% males, mean age = 16.64). The research design was based on an exploratory, parallel, mixed-method approach. A multi-method, student-centered, computer-assisted, semi-structured online interview was used as the data gathering tool, including both a standardized quantitative questionnaire on perceived well-being and an open-ended question about how adolescents were taking charge of their well-being during the COVID-19 health emergency. Main findings reveal general low levels of perceived well-being during the syndemic, especially in girls and in older adolescents. Higher levels of well-being are associated with more affiliative strategies (we-ness/togetherness) whereas low levels of well-being are linked with more individualistic strategies (I-ness/separatedness) in facing the health emergency. These findings identify access to social support as a strategy for coping with situational stress and raise reflection on the importance of balancing the need for physical distancing to protect from infection, and the need for social closeness to maintain good mental health.
Six facial prosodic expressions caregivers similarly display to infants and dogs
Authors: Gergely Anna , Koós-Hutás Édua , Filep Lőrinc András , Kis Anna , Topál József 
Published: January 2023

AbstractParents tend to use a specific communication style, including specific facial expressions, when speaking to their preverbal infants which has important implications for children’s healthy development. In the present study, we investigated these facial prosodic features of caregivers with a novel method that compares infant-, dog- and adult-directed communication. We identified three novel facial displays in addition to the already described three facial expressions (i.e. the ‘prosodic faces’) that mothers and fathers are typically displaying when interacting with their 1–18 month-old infants and family dogs, but not when interacting with another adult. The so-called Special Happy expression proved to be the most frequent face type during infant- and dog-directed communication which always includes a Duchenne marker to convey an honest and intense happy emotion of the speaker. These results suggest that the ‘prosodic faces’ play an important role in both adult-infant and human–dog interactions and fulfil specific functions: to call and maintain the partner’s attention, to foster emotionally positive interactions, and to strengthen social bonds. Our study highlights the relevance of future comparative studies on facial prosody and its potential contribution to healthy emotional and cognitive development of infants.
An immobilized biosorbent from Paenibacillus dendritiformis dead cells and polyethersulfone for the sustainable bioremediation of lead from wastewater
Authors: Dawwam Ghada E. , Abdelfattah Nehad M. , Abdel-Monem Mohamed O. , Jahin Hossam S. , Omer Amal M. , Abou-Taleb Khadiga A. , Mansor Eman S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeavy metals, including lead, cause serious damage to human health and the surrounding environment. Natural biosorbents arise as environmentally friendly alternatives. In this study, two of the 41 isolates (8EF and 17OS) were the most efficient bacteria for growing on media supplemented with Pb2+ (1000 mg/L). At high concentrations up to 2000 mg/L, the pioneer isolate 17OS exhibited remarkable resistance to multiheavy metals. This isolate was identified as Paenibacillus dendritiformis 17OS and deposited in GenBank under accession number ON705726.1. Design-Expert was used to optimize Pb2+ metal removal by the tested bacteria. Results indicated that four of six variables were selected using a minimum-run resolution IV experimental design, with a significant affecting Pb2+ removal. Temperature and Pb2+ concentration were significant positive influences, whereas incubation period and agitation speed were significant negative ones. The tested strain modulated the four significant variables for maximum Pb2+ removal using Box–Behnken design. The sequential optimization method was beneficial in increasing biosorption by 4.29%. Dead biomass of P. dendritiformis 17OS was embedded with polyethersulfone to get a hydrophilic adsorptive membrane that can separate Pb2+ easily from aqueous solutions. SEM images and FT-IR analysis proved that the new biosorbent possesses a great structure and a lot of surface functional groups with a negative surface charge of − 9.1 mV. The removal rate of 200 mg/L Pb2+ from water reached 98% using 1.5 g/L of the immobilized biosorbent. The adsorption isotherm studies were displayed to determine the nature of the reaction. The adsorption process was related to Freundlich isotherm which describes the multilayer and heterogeneous adsorption of molecules to the adsorbent surface. In conclusion, dead bacterial cells were immobilized on a polyether sulfone giving it the characteristics of a novel adsorptive membrane for the bioremediation of lead from wastewater. Thus this study proposed a new generation of adsorptive membranes based on polyethersulfone and dead bacterial cells.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between early and advanced class of jugular paragangliomas following application of our modified surgical techniques
Authors: Zhao Peng , Zhang Yibo , Lin Feng , Kong Dedi , Feng Yisi , Dai Chunfu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo compare the safety and effectiveness of surgical treatment of jugular paragangliomas (JPs) following the application of our modified surgical techniques. Fifty-six patients with JPs were analyzed for tumor classification, surgical outcomes, and intratumor blood vessels. The gross total resection in C1–2 (100%) was significantly greater than that in C3 and D (66.7%). Good postoperative facial nerve (FN) function (House–Brackmann I–II) was achieved in 89.5% C1–2 cases, which was not significantly different from C3 and D (93.3%) (P = 0.694). Preoperative and postoperative lower cranial nerve (LCN) deficits correlated with the Fisch’s classification of tumors (P < 0.05), and intraoperative blood loss was greater in advanced tumors (P = 0.050). Further study showed that the cross-sectional area of intratumor blood vessels was positively associated with intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.001). Surgical excision of JPs is a safe and effective strategy, and early surgical treatment is a good option for patients with C1–2 tumors without surgical contraindications.