bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translational assessment of a DATA-functionalized FAP inhibitor with facile 68Ga-labeling at room temperature
Authors: Escudero-Castellanos Alondra , Kurth Jens , Imlimthan Surachet , Menéndez Elena , Pilatis Eirinaios , Moon Euy Sung , Läppchen Tilman , Rathke Hendrik , Schwarzenböck Sarah M. , Krause Bernd J. , Rösch Frank , Rominger Axel , Gourni Eleni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims at evaluating the preclinical and the clinical performance of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi, which has the advantage to be labeled with gallium-68 at room temperature.

Methods
[68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi was assessed in vitro on FAP-expressing stromal cells, followed by biodistribution and in vivo imaging on prostate and glioblastoma xenografts. Moreover, the clinical assessment of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi was conducted on six patients with prostate cancer, aiming on investigating, biodistribution, biokinetics, and determining tumor uptake.

Results
[68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi is quantitatively prepared in an instant kit-type version at room temperature. It demonstrated high stability in human serum, affinity for FAP in the low nanomolar range, and high internalization rate when associated with CAFs. Biodistribution and PET studies in prostate and glioblastoma xenografts revealed high and specific tumor uptake. Elimination of the radiotracer mainly occurred through the urinary tract. The clinical data are in accordance with the preclinical data concerning the organ receiving the highest absorbed dose (urinary bladder wall, heart wall, spleen, and kidneys). Different to the small-animal data, uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi in tumor lesions is rapid and stable and tumor-to-organ and tumor-to-blood uptake ratios are high.

Conclusion
The radiochemical, preclinical, and clinical data obtained in this study strongly support further development of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi as a diagnostic tool for FAP imaging.
Winter food selection and exploratory behavior vary with natal territory characteristics in wild great tits
Authors: Serrano-Davies Eva , Bircher Nina , Sepers Bernice , van Oers Kees 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Differences in habitat characteristics experienced during rearing associate with variation in a range of behavioral phenotypes such as exploratory behavior, foraging behavior and food selection. The habitat-dependent selection hypothesis predicts that animals develop behavioral characteristics fitted to their rearing environment. Yet, little is known about how habitat characteristics during rearing shape how animals face winter conditions and adjust their winter foraging behavior. The aim of this study was to explore how fine-scale rearing habitat characteristics associate with exploratory behavior, food selection, and foraging performance during winter. For this, we measured habitat characteristics during the breeding season in territories of wild great tits (Parus major) and tested first-year juvenile birds that fledged from these territories for exploratory and foraging behavior at feeders during winter. We found evidence that faster explorers were raised in territories with lower quality habitat characteristics. In addition, fast exploring fledglings visited the feeders significantly more (total visits). Moreover, the rearing environment, via caterpillar availability and tree species composition, determined diet selection during winter in first-year birds. These results show support for the habitat-dependent selection hypothesis, since exploratory behavior as well as food selection during winter associate with habitat features of the rearing territories during development. This pattern can be caused either by the kinds of natural foods prevalent during rearing at these sites or because of intrinsic individual differences. Further experiments are needed to disentangle these two.

Significance statement
Individuals vary in how they behaviorally adapt foraging and food selection strategies to the environmental conditions. A number of studies have shown that animals develop behavioral characteristics fitted to their rearing environment. However, how habitat characteristics during rearing shape the foraging strategy that animals use to face winter conditions is still unknown. We studied these links in yearling great tits using automated feeders that recorded their visits during winter. Fledglings with a higher exploratory score were born in territories with lower quality habitat characteristics and visited the feeders more. Furthermore, we found an association between caterpillar availability and tree species composition in the rearing territory of juveniles and their subsequent food selection in winter. Our study indicates that certain environmental conditions might favor the development of particular behaviors in birds and that early nutrition could shape food choice later in life.
The Impact of Global Collaboration on the Academic Focus of the West African College of Surgeons: Are Worldwide Efforts Aligning with Local Priorities?
Authors: Hoffman Gary S. , Parvin‐Nejad Fatemeh P. , Linz Matthew S. , Salter S. Elina , Goydos Christopher , Padmanaban Vennila , Nwomeh Benedict C. , Mshelbwala Philip M. , Sifri Ziad C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlobal collaboration has the potential to induce a shift in research focus away from the priorities of those in low‐ and low‐middle‐income countries (LICs and LMICs). This study quantified international collaboration among surgery publications by Fellows of the West African College of Surgeons (WACS) and investigated if collaboration with upper‐middle‐income and high‐income countries (UMICs and HICs) decreases the homophily of research focus.MethodsPublications by WACS surgery Fellows from 1960 to 2019 were characterized as local WACS publications, collaborative publications without UMIC/HIC participation, or collaborative publications with UMIC/HIC participation. Research topics were determined for each publication, and topic percentages were compared between collaboration groups.ResultsWe analyzed 5065 publications. Most (3690 publications, 73%) were local WACS publications, while 742 (15%) were collaborative publications with UMIC/HIC participation and 633 (12%) were collaborative publications without UMIC/HIC participation. UMIC/HIC collaborations contributed to 49% of the increase (378 out of 766 publications) from 2000 to 2019. Topic homophily was significantly lower between local WACS publications and collaborations with UMIC/HIC participation (differed in nine research topics) than it was between local WACS publications and collaborations without UMIC/HIC participation (differed in two research topics).ConclusionsPublications without international collaboration comprise most WACS research, but the rate of UMIC/HIC collaborations is rapidly increasing. We found that UMIC/HIC collaborations decreased the homophily of topic focus in WACS publications, indicating that global collaborations need to have greater emphasis on the priorities of those in LICs and LMICs.
Spectral dynamics of guided edge removals and identifying transient amplifiers for death–Birth updating
Authors: Richter Hendrik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper deals with two interrelated topics: (1) identifying transient amplifiers in an iterative process, and (2) analyzing the process by its spectral dynamics, which is the change in the graph spectra by edge manipulation. Transient amplifiers are networks representing population structures which shift the balance between natural selection and random drift. Thus, amplifiers are highly relevant for understanding the relationships between spatial structures and evolutionary dynamics. We study an iterative procedure to identify transient amplifiers for death–Birth updating. The algorithm starts with a regular input graph and iteratively removes edges until desired structures are achieved. Thus, a sequence of candidate graphs is obtained. The edge removals are guided by quantities derived from the sequence of candidate graphs. Moreover, we are interested in the Laplacian spectra of the candidate graphs and analyze the iterative process by its spectral dynamics. The results show that although transient amplifiers for death–Birth updating are generally rare, a substantial number of them can be obtained by the proposed procedure. The graphs identified share structural properties and have some similarity to dumbbell and barbell graphs. We analyze amplification properties of these graphs and also two more families of bell-like graphs and show that further transient amplifiers for death–Birth updating can be found. Finally, it is demonstrated that the spectral dynamics possesses characteristic features useful for deducing links between structural and spectral properties. These feature can also be taken for distinguishing transient amplifiers among evolutionary graphs in general.
Combining virtual monoenergetic imaging and iterative metal artifact reduction in first-generation photon-counting computed tomography of patients with dental implants
Authors: Patzer Theresa Sophie , Kunz Andreas Steven , Huflage Henner , Gruschwitz Philipp , Pannenbecker Pauline , Afat Saif , Herrmann Judith , Petritsch Bernhard , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Grunz Jan-Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
While established for energy-integrating detector computed tomography (CT), the effect of virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) and iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) in photon-counting detector (PCD) CT lacks thorough investigation. This study evaluates VMI, iMAR, and combinations thereof in PCD-CT of patients with dental implants.

Material and methods
In 50 patients (25 women; mean age 62.0 ± 9.9 years), polychromatic 120 kVp imaging (T3D), VMI, T3DiMAR, and VMIiMAR were compared. VMIs were reconstructed at 40, 70, 110, 150, and 190 keV. Artifact reduction was assessed by attenuation and noise measurements in the most hyper- and hypodense artifacts, as well as in artifact-impaired soft tissue of the mouth floor. Three readers subjectively evaluated artifact extent and soft tissue interpretability. Furthermore, new artifacts through overcorrection were assessed.

Results
iMAR reduced hyper-/hypodense artifacts (T3D 1305.0/−1418.4 versus T3DiMAR 103.2/−46.9 HU), soft tissue impairment (106.7 versus 39.7 HU), and image noise (16.9 versus 5.2 HU) compared to non-iMAR datasets (p ≤ 0.001). VMIiMAR ≥ 110 keV subjectively enhanced artifact reduction over T3DiMAR (p ≤ 0.023). Without iMAR, VMI displayed no measurable artifact reduction (p ≥ 0.186) and facilitated no significant denoising over T3D (p ≥ 0.366). However, VMI ≥ 110 keV reduced soft tissue impairment (p ≤ 0.009). VMIiMAR ≥ 110 keV resulted in less overcorrection than T3DiMAR (p ≤ 0.001). Inter-reader reliability was moderate/good for hyperdense (0.707), hypodense (0.802), and soft tissue artifacts (0.804).

Conclusion
While VMI alone holds minimal metal artifact reduction potential, iMAR post-processing enabled substantial reduction of hyperdense and hypodense artifacts. The combination of VMI ≥ 110 keV and iMAR resulted in the least extensive metal artifacts.

Clinical relevance
Combining iMAR with VMI represents a potent tool for maxillofacial PCD-CT with dental implants achieving substantial artifact reduction and high image quality.

Key Points
• Post-processing of photon-counting CT scans with an iterative metal artifact reduction algorithm substantially reduces hyperdense and hypodense artifacts arising from dental implants.
• Virtual monoenergetic images presented only minimal metal artifact reduction potential.
• The combination of both provided a considerable benefit in subjective analysis compared to iterative metal artifact reduction alone.
Global Renormalised Solutions and Equilibration of Reaction–Diffusion Systems with Nonlinear Diffusion
Authors: Fellner Klemens , Fischer Julian , Kniely Michael , Tang Bao Quoc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe global existence of renormalised solutions and convergence to equilibrium for reaction–diffusion systems with nonlinear diffusion are investigated. The system is assumed to have quasi-positive nonlinearities and to satisfy an entropy inequality. The difficulties in establishing global renormalised solutions caused by possibly degenerate diffusion are overcome by introducing a new class of weighted truncation functions. By means of the obtained global renormalised solutions, we study the large-time behaviour of complex balanced systems arising from chemical reaction network theory with nonlinear diffusion. When the reaction network does not admit boundary equilibria, the complex balanced equilibrium is shown, by using the entropy method, to exponentially attract renormalised solutions in the same compatibility class. This convergence extends even to a range of nonlinear diffusion, where global existence is an open problem, yet we are able to show that solutions to approximate systems converge exponentially to equilibrium uniformly in the regularisation parameter.
Robotic versus laparoscopic proctectomy: a comparative study of short-term economic and clinical outcomes
Authors: Larach José Tomás , Flynn Julie , Tew Michelle , Fernando Diharah , Apte Sameer , Mohan Helen , Kong Joseph , McCormick Jacob J. , Warrier Satish K. , Heriot Alexander G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Although several studies compare the clinical outcomes and costs of laparoscopic and robotic proctectomy, most of them reflect the outcomes of the utilisation of older generation robotic platforms. The aim of this study is to compare the financial and clinical outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic proctectomy within a public healthcare system, utilising a multi-quadrant platform.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic and robotic proctectomy between January 2017 and June 2020 in a public quaternary centre were included. Demographic characteristics, baseline clinical, tumour and operative variables, perioperative, histopathological outcomes and costs were compared between the laparoscopic and robotic groups. Simple linear regression and generalised linear model analyses with gamma distribution and log-link function were used to determine the impact of the surgical approach on overall costs.

Results
During the study period, 113 patients underwent minimally invasive proctectomy. Of these, 81 (71.7%) underwent a robotic proctectomy. A robotic approach was associated with a lower conversion rate (2.5% versus 21.8%;P = 0.002) at the expense of longer operating times (284 ± 83.4 versus 243 ± 89.8 min;P = 0.025). Regarding financial outcomes, robotic surgery was associated with increased theatre costs (A$23,019 ± 8235 versus A$15,525 ± 6382; P < 0.001) and overall costs (A$34,350 ± 14,770 versus A$26,083 ± 12,647; P = 0.003). Hospitalisation costs were similar between both approaches. An ASA ≥ 3, non-metastatic disease, low rectal cancer, neoadjuvant therapy, non-restorative resection, extended resection, and a robotic approach were identified as drivers of overall costs in the univariate analysis. However, after performing a multivariate analysis, a robotic approach was not identified as an independent driver of overall costs during the inpatient episode (P = 0.1).

Conclusion
Robotic proctectomy was associated with increased theatre costs but not with increased overall inpatient costs within a public healthcare setting. Conversion was less common for robotic proctectomy at the expense of increased operating time. Larger studies will be needed to confirm these findings and examine the cost-effectiveness of robotic proctectomy to further justify its penetration in the public healthcare system.
Quantification of indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence bowel perfusion assessment in colorectal surgery
Authors: Faber Robin A. , Tange Floris P. , Galema Hidde A. , Zwaan Thomas C. , Holman Fabian A. , Peeters Koen C. M. J. , Tanis Pieter J. , Verhoef Cornelis , Burggraaf Jacobus , Mieog J. Sven D. , Hutteman Merlijn , Keereweer Stijn , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , van der Vorst Joost R. , Hilling Denise E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence bowel perfusion assessment has shown its potential benefit in preventing anastomotic leakage. However, the surgeon's subjective visual interpretation of the fluorescence signal limits the validity and reproducibility of the technique. Therefore, this study aimed to identify objective quantified bowel perfusion patterns in patients undergoing colorectal surgery using a standardized imaging protocol.

Method
A standardized fluorescence video was recorded. Postoperatively, the fluorescence videos were quantified by drawing contiguous region of interests (ROIs) on the bowel. For each ROI, a time-intensity curve was plotted from which perfusion parameters (n = 10) were derived and analyzed. Furthermore, the inter-observer agreement of the surgeon’s subjective interpretation of the fluorescence signal was assessed.

Results
Twenty patients who underwent colorectal surgery were included in the study. Based on the quantified time-intensity curves, three different perfusion patterns were identified. Similar for both the ileum and colon, perfusion pattern 1 had a steep inflow that reached its peak fluorescence intensity rapidly, followed by a steep outflow. Perfusion pattern 2 had a relatively flat outflow slope immediately followed by its plateau phase. Perfusion pattern 3 only reached its peak fluorescence intensity after 3 min with a slow inflow gradient preceding it. The inter-observer agreement was poor-moderate (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC): 0.378, 95% CI 0.210–0.579).

Conclusion
This study showed that quantification of bowel perfusion is a feasible method to differentiate between different perfusion patterns. In addition, the poor-moderate inter-observer agreement of the subjective interpretation of the fluorescence signal between surgeons emphasizes the need for objective quantification.
Numerical experiment based on non-linear micropolar finite element to study micro-rotations generated by the non-symmetric Maxwell stress tensor
Authors: Palma Roberto , Pérez-Aparicio José L. , Taylor Robert L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe main aim of the present work is to investigate the role of the Maxwell stress tensor in the study of active materials. Despite the importance of this tensor in modeling mechatronic devices used in sophisticated applications, its non–symmetry still generates controversies in the literature, probably because classical continuum mechanics assumes a symmetric Cauchy stress, although the sum of Cauchy and Maxwell stresses is non–symmetric. In the framework of generalised continuum mechanics–a more advanced formalism than the classical one–, each material point has an associated microstructure so that the micro–rotations of the electric/magnetic dipoles present in real active materials may be simulated. To this end, a modified total stress formulation, including an angular momentum balance, is developed and implemented into a finite element research code using a complex–step formulation. It is concluded that generalised mechanics allows for incorporating both symmetric and non–symmetric contributions of the Maxwell tensor. Consequently, the rotations generated by the electromagnetic field may be analysed. The influence of the complete Maxwell tensor in a magnetostrictive actuator is studied by several magneto–mechanical numerical experiments of a Terfenol–D rod encircled by air, and several conclusions are highlighted.
Bewegung eines Einzelkorns unter dem Einfluss kohärenter Strukturen
Authors: Sindelar C. , Schobesberger J. , Gold T. , Reiterer K. , Worf D. , Hauer C. , Habersack H. 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluss von kohärenten Strukturen auf den Bewegungsbeginn eines fluvialen Einzelkorns wurde in einer grundlegenden Studie experimentell untersucht. Zur vollständigen Charakterisierung kohärenter Strukturen muss das dreidimensionale Geschwindigkeitsfeld zeitlich hochaufgelöst bekannt sein. Unter Einsatz eines tr-3D PTV-Systems (tr = zeitaufgelöst, PTV = Particle Tracking Velocimetry) konnte dies erreicht werden. Der Einfluss von Hairpin-Wirbeln und gegenläufig rotierenden Längswirbeln (VLSM) auf den Sedimenttransport wurde in mehreren Studien postuliert, mangels verfügbarer 3D-Information fehlte aber bisher ein Nachweis. In den vorliegenden „Rolling-Stones-Versuchsserien“ wurde der Bewegungsbeginn eines Einzelkorns auf glatten sowie auf rauen Sohlen untersucht. Es konnte erstmals gezeigt werden, dass sowohl Hairpin-Wirbel als auch VLSM den Bewegungsbeginn auslösen. Hairpin-Wirbel konnten zudem entgegen der gängigen Meinung auch auf rauen Sohlen nachgewiesen werden und lösten den Bewegungsbeginn aus. Die langfristig angelegte Studie soll in den nächsten Jahren auch praktische Anwendungen finden und die Genauigkeit von Sedimenttransportberechnungen in Flüssen erhöhen.
Outcome after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in a single center—relation to sex and severity of neurovascular conflict
Authors: Loayza Richard , Wikström Johan , Grabowska Anna , Semnic Robert , Ericson Hans , Abu Hamdeh Sami 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a severe type of facial pain, is mainly caused by a neurovascular conflict (NVC). The severity of the NVC seems associated with the outcome following microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery. This study aimed to investigate the outcome after MVD and whether it is affected by NVC severity and sex.

Methods
TN patients (n = 109) were followed for 5 to 10 years after MVD. Barrow Neurology Index (BNI), Patients Global Impression of Change (PGIC), complications, and time to relapse were evaluated. The NVC severity was retrospectively reviewed from presurgical MRI. Demographic and clinical factors and NVC severity were analyzed for potential association with outcome after MVD.

Results
The success rate (BNI ≤ 2) was 80% after 5 to 10 years follow-up for TN patients with severe NVC (grade 2–3) and 56% for TN patients with mild NVC (grade 0–1, P = 0.003). No sex difference was observed in outcome for patients with both mild (P = 0.924) and severe NVC (P = 0.883) respectively. Three patients (2.8%) during the hospital stay, and two patients (1.8%) at 6 weeks, experienced a complication requiring invasive treatment. At long-term 52/109 patients (47.7%) reported some type of persistent adverse event, of which the majority were mild and required no treatment.

Conclusions
MVD offers an 80% probability of long-term pain relief in TN patients with severe NVC, with low frequency of serious complications. NVC severity significantly affects outcome after MVD, while no sex differences in outcome were found. In consistency with previous work, the results stress the importance of adequate neuroradiological assessment of the NVC for preoperative patient selection.