bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlated biodiversity change between plant and insect assemblages resurveyed after 80 years across a dynamic habitat mosaic
Authors: Carroll Tadhg , Stafford Richard , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Bullock James M. , Brown David , Brown Michelle , Walls Robin M. , Diaz Anita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHistorical data on co‐occurring taxa are extremely rare. As such, the extent to which distinct co‐occurring taxa experience similar long‐term patterns in species richness and compositional change (e.g., when exposed to a changing environment) is not clear. Using data from a diverse ecological community surveyed in the 1930s and resurveyed in the 2010s, we investigated whether local plant and insect assemblages displayed cross‐taxon congruence—that is, spatiotemporal correlation in species richness and compositional change—across six co‐occurring taxa: vascular plants, non‐vascular plants, grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera), ants (Hymenoptera: Formicinae), hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), and dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). All taxa exhibited high levels of turnover across the ca. 80‐year time period. Despite minimal observed changes at the level of the whole study system, species richness displayed widespread cross‐taxon congruence (i.e., correlated temporal change) across local assemblages within the study system. Hierarchical logistic regression models suggest a role for shared responses to environmental change underlying cross‐taxon correlations and highlight stronger correlations between vascular plants and their direct consumers, suggesting a possible role for biotic interactions between these groups. These results provide an illustration of cross‐taxon congruence in biodiversity change using data unique in its combination of temporal and taxonomic scope, and highlight the potential for cascading and comparable effects of environmental change (abiotic and biotic) on co‐occurring plant and insect communities. However, analyses of historical resurveys based on currently available data come with inherent uncertainties. As such, this study highlights a need for well‐designed experiments, and monitoring programs incorporating co‐occurring taxa, to determine the underlying mechanisms and prevalence of congruent biodiversity change as anthropogenic environmental change accelerates apace.
Transfer Hydrogenation(TH) of Carbonyl Compounds Catalytically Promoted by Pd17Se15Nanoparticles and PdP2Nanoflowers
Authors: Singh Ved Vati , Jain Nidhi , Singh Ajai K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanosized Pd17Se15and PdP2were synthesized at moderate temperature (using less toxic TOPO in case of PdP2) and explored for the first time to catalyze transfer hydrogenation (TH) of aldehydes / ketones using 2‐propanol as a source of hydrogen. The optimum catalyst loading was equivalent to 1.0 mol % of Pd. The round shaped Pd17Se15NPs (15 to 30 nm), resulted on reacting (3‐(phenylseleno)propylamine) with Na2PdCl4in a mixture (1 : 1) of olylamine and 1‐octadecene at 250 °C for 50 min. Nanoflowers of PdP2(25 to 55 nm) were obtained by reacting Na2PdCl4with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in a similar solvent mixture at 350 °C for 60 min. Both the NPs were found air insensitive and authenticated with powder X‐ray diffraction, HR‐TEM, SEM, SEM‐EDX and XPS. The conversion was found more efficient for aldehydes in comparison to that of ketones. In comparison to most of the other Pd based nano‐phases, reported earlier, the present NPs are somewhat better activators for TH.
Ecotoxicity and Accumulation of Perfluorononanoic Acid in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and an Approach to Developing Protective Thresholds in the Aquatic Environment Through Species Sensitivity Distribution
Authors: Suski Jamie G. , Chanov Michael K. , Heron Christopher G. , Field Jennifer A. , Salice Christopher J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment. Locations where PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) has been used or accidentally released have resulted in persistently high concentrations of PFAS, including in surface water that may be adjacent to release sites. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is most frequently measured near AFFF release sites; however, other PFAS are being quantified more frequently and, of those, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is common. The goal of our study was to fill data gaps on PFNA toxicity to freshwater fish using the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). We aimed to understand how PFNA may impact apical endpoints following a 42-day exposure to mature fish and a 21-day exposure to second-generation larval fish. Exposure concentrations were 0, 124, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/L for both adult (F0) and larval (F1) generations. The most sensitive endpoint measured was development in the F1 generation at concentrations of ≥250 µg/L. The 10% and 20% effective concentration of the tested population for the F1 biomass endpoint was 100.3 and 129.5 µg/L, respectively. These data were collated with toxicity values from the primary literature on aquatic organisms exposed to PFNA for subchronic or chronic durations. A species sensitivity distribution was developed to estimate a screening-level threshold for PFNA. The resulting hazard concentration protective of 95% of the freshwater aquatic species was 55 µg PFNA/L. Although this value is likely protective of aquatic organisms exposed to PFNA, it is prudent to consider that organisms experience multiple stressors (including many PFAS) simultaneously; an approach to understand screening-level thresholds for PFAS mixtures remains an uncertainty within the field of ecological risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2229–2236. © 2023 SETAC
Nutritional, biochemical, and clinical applications of carob: A review
Authors: Ikram Ali , Khalid Waseem , Wajeeha Zafar Khair‐ul‐ , Ali Anwar , Afzal Muhammad Faizan , Aziz Afifa , Faiz ul Rasool Izza , Al‐Farga Ammar , Aqlan Faisal , Koraqi Hyrije 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarob is botanically called as Ceratonia siliqua and belongs to the Legumes family. The fruit is derived from hermaphrodite trees and hard in shape. The carob contains high sugar contents in pulp, fat in seed and minerals like potassium, calcium, and phosphorus are present in pods. Polyphenols and antioxidants are abundant in leaves and pods. It can be used for enhancing human health due to its high nutritional profile. Carob gum is used in the pharmaceutical industry in the form of pomades, anti‐celiac ingredients, pills, and dental paste. The clinical carob can aid as an anti‐cancer, anti‐reflux, anti‐diabetic, anti‐diarrheal, anti‐hyperlipidemia, anti‐bacterial, anti‐microbial, and anti‐fungal. Nowadays, carob seeds are being used as an alternative to cocoa powder in food items whereas the leaves, pods, and seeds of carob are also historically used as food for animal feed. However, these parts of carob are available in markets with reasonable prices. Carob production, though with a rising contribution, contributes to the local economy. In this sense, we can incorporate knowledge on the chemical properties and the biological effect of carob fruits on human health. In this study, the supportive and health‐promoting impacts of carob are discussed along with the clinical testing obtained from natural constituents of carob. In addition, further studies can be performed to extract and separate polyphenols and antioxidant potential for the development of functional that play a valuable role in pharmaceutical and food sectors.
Shallow whole‐genome sequencing of bone marrow aspirates in myelodysplastic neoplasms: A retrospective comparison with cytogenetics
Authors: Rengifo Laura Y. , Smits Sanne , Boeckx Nancy , Michaux Lucienne , Vandenberghe Peter , Dewaele Barbara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCopy number alterations (CNA) are powerful prognostic markers in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and are routinely analyzed by conventional cytogenetic analysis (CCA) on bone marrow (BM). Although CCA is still the gold standard, it requires extensive hands‐on time and highly trained staff for the analysis, making it a laborious technique. To reduce turn‐around‐time per case, shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS) technologies offer new perspectives for the diagnostic work‐up of this disorder. We compared sWGS with CCA for the detection of CNAs in 33 retrospective BM samples of patients with MDS. Using sWGS, CNAs were detected in all cases and additionally allowed the analysis of three cases for which CCA failed. The prognostic stratification (IPSS‐R score) of 27 out of 30 patients was the same with both techniques. In the remaining cases, discrepancies were caused by the presence of balanced translocations escaping sWGS detection in two cases, a subclonal aberration reported with CCA that could not be confirmed by FISH or sWGS, and the presence of an isodicentric chromosome idic(17)(p11) missed by CCA. Since sWGS can almost entirely be automated, our findings indicate that sWGS is valuable in a routine setting validating it as a cost‐efficient tool.
Factors controlling the occurrence, distribution and physical properties of the Ordovician palaeokarstic reservoir in the Ordos Basin Daniudi gas field
Authors: Zhu Ying , Ding Xiaoqi , Zhang Shaonan , Gao Jingyun , Tian Yinyu , Ma Ning , Qi Zhuang Zhuang , Liu Xuan , Hu Xin 
Published: June 2023

The Daniudi gas field in China's Ordos Basin is located in the transitional zone between palaeo‐topographic highs and slopes, whereby dissolution‐collapse breccias are widespread within the palaeokarstic reservoir. Abundant cores, well logs and thin sections were used to study palaeo‐topography, palaeokarstic breccia types, diagenesis and reservoir pore characteristics. The results indicated that reservoir quality is controlled by lithology, palaeo‐topography and diagenesis. The extent of palaeokarstic reservoir dissolution was shown to be determined by lithologic differences, whilst only gypsiferous dolostones and finely crystalline dolostones emerged in reservoir formation. Palaeo‐topography was also found to regulate reservoir development. The reservoirs are primarily located 20 m below the Ordovician unconformity in palaeo‐topographic hills and palaeo‐topographic slopes, whilst their depth is palaeo‐topography dependent. Lithology and palaeo‐topography also coordinate the distribution of palaeokarst breccia facies. Clast‐supported and matrix‐supported chaotic breccias were found in argillaceous dolostone strata. However, crackle–mosaic breccias occurred in gypsiferous dolostones and crystalline dolostones, located in palaeogeomorphic residual hills and slopes. Reservoirs generally develop in crackle–mosaic breccias of Ma51 and Ma52 sub‐Members, the quality of such reservoirs is dependent on the development and distribution of palaeokarst breccia facies and diagenesis. Dissolution of dolomite and anhydrite nodules was found to result in moldic pores and dissolution‐enlarged pores. Overall, the most damaging effect on reservoir quality resulted from calcite cement infilling moldic pores, enlarged pores and fractures.
Information shocks and celebrity exposure: The effect of “Magic” Johnson on AIDS diagnoses and mortality in the U.S.
Authors: Cardazzi Alexander , Martin Joshua C. , Rodriguez Zachary 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present evidence that Earvin “Magic” Johnson's announcement that he contracted HIV served as a public‐health catalyst for rapidly correcting the public's understanding of who was at risk of infection. Using a novel identification strategy, we present evidence that there was a large but temporary increase in the number of AIDS diagnoses for heterosexual men following the announcement. This effect was concentrated in areas with greater prior exposure to Johnson. We show that these men were both more likely to have been diagnosed via a formal blood test and less likely to die within 1 decade of their initial diagnosis—suggesting that Johnson's announcement caused an intertemporal substitution in testing which prolonged patients' lifespans as a result of earlier access to medical care. We estimate that Johnson's announcement caused approximately 800 additional heterosexual males in the United States in metropolitan statistical areas with National Basketball Association franchises men to discover their underlying AIDS diagnosis and, of whom, were more likely to live at least 1 decade beyond their initial diagnosis date.
US residents experiences with intraoperative nerve monitoring in thyroid and parathyroid surgery
Authors: Wong Anni , Ahsanuddin Salma , Teng Marita , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Randolph Gregory W. , Sinclair Catherine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the patterns of IONM use and training among resident otolaryngologists is essential to ensure that the IONM skills and knowledge gained in residency are optimized for successful future practice of IONM.MethodAn electronic survey was distributed to US‐based OHNS residents. Questions evaluated resident experience, implementation, knowledge and understanding of IONM for endocrine surgeries.ResultsOne hundred and seven OHNS residents participated, spanning all training levels and US geographic locations. The majority of residents received no didactic teaching on IONM (74.5%) nor had a clear troubleshooting algorithm in the event of a loss of signal (69.8%). The majority of residents were uncertain regarding the advantages/disadvantages of continuous versus intermittent IONM.ConclusionThe knowledge gap found in our survey study suggests that greater teaching of IONM principles for endocrine head and neck surgeries in OHNS residency programs would help to ensure successful utilization in future practice.
Functional consequences of inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase by ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Chen Shih‐Shih , Chiorazzi Nicholas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe leukemic B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) require interactions with non‐malignant cells and matrix in the tissue microenvironment to survive and grow. These interactions are mediated through the B‐cell antigen receptor (BCR), C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and a variety of integrins, including VLA‐4. Exciting each receptor type leads to activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), which in turn helps initiate trophic signals that prevent cell death and promote cell activation and growth as well as allowing cells to return to anatomic sites for rescue signals. These represent the two major functional actions targeted by inhibitors of Btk. Here we relate some of the therapeutic actions of ibrutinib, a Btk inhibitor that is extremely helpful for patients with CLL, certain Diffuse Large B‐cell Lymphomas (ABC type), and other non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, emphasizing that ibrutinib's value results from blocking beneficial signals, not by inducing lethal ones.
Reappraisal of the role of radiation therapy in lymphoma treatment
Authors: Specht Lena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT) for lymphomas has improved dramatically with modern imaging and treatment techniques, encompassing only the necessary volume with minimal doses to normal structures. Prescribed radiation doses are reduced, and fractionation schedules are under revision. With effective systemic treatment only initial macroscopic disease is irradiated. With no or less effective systemic treatment, possible microscopic disease is also included. Risks of long‐term side effects of RT have diminished dramatically and should be weighed against risks from more systemic treatment or increased risk of relapse. Lymphoma patients are often elderly, they tolerate modern limited RT very well. Lymphomas refractory to systemic treatments often remain radioresponsive, and brief, mild RT may offer effective palliation. New roles for RT are emerging with immune therapies. RT for “bridging,” keeping the lymphoma under control while waiting for immune therapy, is well established. Enhancement of the immune response to lymphomas, so‐called “priming,” is being intensively researched.
Primary testicular lymphoma demonstrates overexpression of the Wilms tumor 1 gene and different mRNA and miRNA expression profiles compared to nodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Mansoor Adnan , Akhter Ariz , Shabani‐Rad Meer‐Taher , Deschenes Jean , Yilmaz Asli , Trpkov Kiril , Stewart Douglas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) shows a high degree of clinical and biological heterogeneity. Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is an extranodal variant of DLBCL associated with a higher risk of recurrence, including contralateral testicles and central nervous system sanctuary sites. Several molecular aberrations, including somatic mutation of MYD88, CD79B, and upregulation of NF‐kB, PDL‐1, and PDL‐2, are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis and poor prognosis of PTL. However, additional biomarkers are needed that may improve the prognosis and help understand the PTL biology and lead to new therapeutic targets. RNA from diagnostic tissue biopsies of the PTL‐ABC subtype and matched nodal DLBCL‐ABC subtype patients was evaluated by mRNA and miRNA expression. Screening of 730 essential oncogenic genes was performed, and their epigenetic connections were examined using the nCounter PAN‐cancer pathway, and Human miRNA assays with the nCounter System (NanoString Technologies). PTL and nodal DLBCL patients were comparable in age, gender, and putative cell of origin (p > 0.05). Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) expression in PTL exceeded that in nodal DLBCL (>6‐fold; p = 0.01, FDR <0.01) and WT1 associated pathway genes THBS4, PTPN5, PLA2G2A, and IFNA17 were upregulated in PTL (>2.0‐fold, p < 0.01, FDR <0.01). Additionally, miRNAs targeting WT1 (hsa15a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐16‐5p, has‐miR‐361‐5p, has‐miR‐27b‐3p, has‐miR‐199a‐5p, has‐miR‐199b‐5p, has‐miR‐132‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐128‐3p) showed higher expression in PTL compared to nodal DLBCL (≥2.0‐fold; FDR 0.01). Lower expression of BMP7, LAMB3, GAS1, MMP7, and LAMC2 (>2.0‐fold, p < 0.01) was observed in PTL compared to nodal DLBCL. This research revealed higher WT1 expression in PTL relative to nodal DLBCL, suggesting that a specific miRNA subset may target WT1 expression and impact the PI3k/Akt pathway in PTL. Further investigation is needed to explore WT1's biological role in PTL and its potential as a therapeutic target.
The impact of alcohol consumption on commercial eye blink drowsiness detection technology
Authors: Cori Jennifer M. , Wilkinson Vanessa E. , Jackson Melinda , Westlake Justine , Stevens Bronwyn , Barnes Maree , Swann Philip , Howard Mark E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDriver drowsiness detection technology that assesses eye blinks is increasingly being used as a safety intervention in the transport industry. It is unclear how alcohol consumption to common legal driving limits impacts upon this technology. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.05% and of 0.08% on drowsiness detection technology during simulated driving.MethodsParticipants completed a 60‐min driving simulation and sleepiness questionnaire under three conditions: 1–0.00% BAC, 2–0.05% BAC and 3–0.08% BAC. During the driving simulation task participants wore a commercial eye blink drowsiness detection technology (Optalert) with the drowsiness alarms silenced.ResultsTwelve participants (3 female) completed all alcohol conditions. Relative to baseline, all eye blink parameters were affected at 0.08% BAC (all p < 0.05), whereas 0.05% BAC only affected the composite eye blink drowsiness measure (the Johns Drowsiness Scale).ConclusionsAlcohol consumption to 0.08% BAC impaired eye blink measures to a level that would be considered a moderate drowsiness risk. Therefore, employers should be aware that drowsiness alerts from these technologies may increase after alcohol consumption.
Real‐World Experience with a Human Fibrinogen Concentrate: Clinical Data from Adult and Pediatric Patients Requiring Fibrinogen for Bleeding Control and Prevention
Authors: Stéphan Francois , Gutermann Loriane , Bourget Stéphanie , Djabarouti Sarah , Berdugo Johanna , Fardini Yann , Clerson Pierre , Hébert Guillaume , Belmokhtar Chafké 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman fibrinogen concentrate (Fibryga) received temporary approval for fibrinogen replacement therapy in France (2017), with subsequent full approval for congenital and acquired hypofibrinogenemia. We evaluated real‐world use for on‐demand treatment of bleeding and prophylaxis to enhance our knowledge on fibrinogen concentrate as an option for fibrinogen replacement. Data were retrospectively collected from adult and pediatric patients with fibrinogen deficiency. The primary end point was indication for fibrinogen concentrate use; the secondary end point was treatment success for on‐demand treatment/perioperative prophylaxis. The study included 150 adult (median age, 62 years; range, 18‐94 years) and 50 pediatric (median age, 3 years; range, 0.01‐17 years) patients with acquired fibrinogen deficiency. Fibrinogen concentrate was administered to 47.3% for nonsurgical bleeding, 22.7% for surgical bleeding, and 30.0% for perioperative prophylaxis in adult patients, and to 4.0% for surgical bleeding and 96.0% for perioperative prophylaxis in pediatric patients. Cardiac surgeries accounted for 79.5%/75.0% perioperative prophylaxis and 82.4%/100.0% surgical bleeding cases in adult/pediatric patients, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation (SD, median) total fibrinogen doses were 3.06 ± 1.69 g (32.61 mg/kg), 2.09 ± 1.36 g (22.99 mg/kg), and 2.36 ± 1.25 g (29.67 mg/kg) for adult nonsurgical bleeding, surgical bleeding, and perioperative prophylaxis, respectively; doses of 0.75 ± 0.35 g (47.64 mg/kg) and 0.83 ± 0.62 g (55.56 mg/kg) were used for pediatric surgical bleeding and perioperative prophylaxis, respectively. Treatment success was 85.7%/97.1/93.3% in adults and 50.0%/87.5% in pediatrics for nonsurgical bleeding (adults only), surgical bleeding, and perioperative prophylaxis, respectively. Fibrinogen concentrate demonstrated favorable effectiveness and safety across the age groups. This study contributes to evidence supporting fibrinogen concentrate for bleeding control/prevention in real‐world clinical practice, particularly for patients with acquired fibrinogen deficiency.