bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing 5G Propagation into Vehicles and Buildings using Optically Transparent and Polarisation Insensitive Metasurfaces over Wide-Incidence Angles
Authors: Bagheri Amirmasood , Danesh Shadi , Wang Fan , Khalily Mohsen , Tafazolli Rahim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article presents two transmissive metasurfaces coated on a glassy window to enhance the 5G outdoor to indoor (O2I) coverage inside vehicles and buildings. Two different wide-incident angle, and polarization insensitive unit cells are proposed for both single-glazing and double glazing glasses and have been arranged in a periodic structure to construct the transmission surfaces. Both metasurfaces are optically transparent as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is used as a conductive part of each unit cell. The proposed transmission surfaces empower the indoor coverage of 5G signals at 3.5 GHz band for wide range of incident angels. Although multi-layer structures are generally more sensitive to angle of incidence, however, both proposed two layered transmissive surfaces offer wide angular stability up to 65 and 75 degrees for double-and single-glazed glass accordingly. In order to achieve wide stable angular response, evolutionary optimization techniques have been used to optimise the proposed unit-cells. Both designs support high transmission coefficient over the operating frequency for wide incident angles which are higher than reported structures in the literature review. The fabricated prototypes have been evaluated experimentally and from measured results, it appears that both metasurfaces offer significant potential to improve propagation into buildings and vehicles.
Intergenerational Mobility of Earnings in China
Authors: wang yanmin , jin jing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Due to dataset limitations, existing studies on China’s intergenerational income mobility are unreliable. Using longitudinal data from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey, this study applied a modified version of the Zimmerman [Zimmerman DJ (1992) Regression toward mediocrity in economic stature. Am Econ Rev 82(3):409–429] model and estimated intergenerational earnings mobility based on a complete model with covariance restrictions. The new estimate demonstrates that intergenerational earnings elasticity in China is 0.54, a rather higher level relative to most developed countries.JEL: J62, C81, D31
Trace metals contamination in varieties of cereal-based pediatric foods sold in parts of Accra, Ghana
Authors: Domfeh A. , Anim A. K. , Asamoah A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dietary intake is a potential route of babies’ exposure to trace metals contamination. Cereal-based pediatric foods on the Ghanaian market can be susceptible to contamination as they are mostly produced on small scales by individuals with little or no knowledge of food safety. This study ascertained trace metals quality of fifty (50) cereal-based pediatric foods composed of: maize, rice, millet, wheat, and mixed cereals from major sales outlets on the Ghanaian market. The samples were acid (HNO3 + H2O2) digested and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).
Concentration (mg/kg) of trace metals were: 0.87–34.74 (Fe), <0.001­–1.00 (Zn), <0.003–0.92 (Cu), <0.002–0.82 (Cd), <0.001–0.26 (Cr), <0.005–0.23 (Co), <0.001–0.58 (Pb), and <0.001–0.20 (Ni) across samples. Pb and Cd were respectively measured in 22 % and 44 % of samples that were not registered by the Food and Drug Authority (FDA). Concentration of Cd in 10% of samples exceeded the WHO limit by a factor of 8. Calculated hazard indices > 1.0 indicated potential health risk to baby within the studied age groups with cadmium as the predominate cause. This initial findings show that some locally produced cereal-based pediatric foods on the Ghanaian market can present a route of trace metals contamination and therefore warrant periodic investigations to safeguard public health.
MRI features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension are not prognostic of visual and headache outcome
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Marik Wolfgang , Krajnc Nik , Macher Stefan , Mitsch Christoph , Pruckner Philip , Novak Klaus , Wöber Christian , Pemp Berthold 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: In idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), certain MRI features are promising diagnostic markers, but whether these have prognostic value is currently unknown.
Methods: We included patients from the Vienna-Idiopathic-Intracranial-Hypertension (VIIH) database with definitive IIH according to Friedman criteria and cranial MRI performed at diagnosis. Presence of empty sella (ES), optic nerve sheath distension (ONSD), optic nerve tortuosity (ONT), posterior globe flattening (PGF) and transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) was assessedand multivariable regression models regarding visual outcome (persistent visual impairment/visual worsening) and headache outcome (headache improvement/freedom of headache) were fitted.
Results: We included 84 IIH patients (88.1% female, mean age 33.5 years, median body mass index 33.7). At baseline, visual impairment was present in 70.2% and headache in 84.5% (54.8% chronic). Persistent visual impairment occurred in 58.3%, visual worsening in 13.1%, headache improvement was achieved in 83.8%, freedom of headache in 26.2%.
At least one MRI feature was found in 78.6% and 60.0% had ≥3 features with ONSD most frequent (64.3%) followed by TSS (60.0%), ONT (46.4%), ES (44.0%) and PGF (23.8%).
In multivariable models, there was no association of any single MRI feature or their number with visual impairment, visual worsening, headache improvement or freedom.
Visual impairment at baseline predicted persistent visual impairment (odds ratio 6.3, p<0.001), but not visual worsening. Chronic headache at baseline was significantly associated with lower likelihood of headache freedom (odds ratio 0.48, p=0.013), but not with headache improvement.
Conclusions: MRI features of IIH are neither prognostic of visual nor headache outcome.
How is the clinical value of HER2-low expression in early breast cancer with the neoadjuvant setting: an ambidirectional cohort study.
Authors: He Junlin , Song Jian , Li Muyao , Wang Xin , Liu Ye , Jin Feng , Zheng Ang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Cumulative studies supported that HER2 low is a biological subtype of breast cancer however controversial conclusions were made in different real-world studies. We explored the differences in clinical characteristics and short-term and long-term prognosis outcomes between HER2 0 and HER2 low early breast cancer patients using an ambidirectional cohort in China.
Methods: Among 711 patients who first diagnosed with breast cancer between January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020, those with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were screened. Finally, 303 patients were included in our analysis and 90 patients (29.7%) with HER2 = 0 and 213 patients (70.3%) with HER2 = 1+. Propensity score method with inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to account for the confounders. Results from weighted Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test, weighted logistic and cox regression were used to compare two groups.
Results: Regarding the baseline and clinical characteristics between HER2-low and HER2-0 group. Family history of caner, ER, PR, HR, Ki-67 labeling index and treatment regimens were observed different. 35% patients used EC-T/EC-P/AC-P treatment. Regarding the bpCR, ORR and rwOS, after multivariate adjustment and propensity score method, no evidence indicated any differences between two groups.
Conclusions: HER2-low as a specific biological subtype remains difficult. The HER2-low expression can differ from the therapeutic value in neoadjuvant setting among early breast cancer patients. Further research on the understanding of HER2 low breast cancer is necessary.
Decadal-scale variability and global warming affect spring timing and forest growth across the western Great Lakes region
Authors: McPartland Mara Y. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Great Lakes region of central North America has warmed by 1–2 degrees Celsius on average since pre-industrial times, with the bulk of warming occurring in winter and spring. Within the continental interior, the multi-decadal warming trend is modulated by long-range teleconnections to centers of ocean-atmosphere variability in the North Pacific and high Arctic, which affect atmospheric dynamics across the mid-latitude. Variability in spring temperatures affects regional ecosystems by altering growing season length and growth phenology, and different ecotypes and species may exhibit unique or diverging responses to climatic changes. Determining the relative influence of natural ocean-atmosphere variability versus the ‘secular’ warming trend on spring temperatures is necessary to estimate the range of potential ecological responses to future warming scenarios. This study examines shifts in Great Lakes climate by evaluating the role of warming and major ocean atmosphere climate patterns on interannual variability and multi-decadal trends in spring climatology in long observational records and leading modes of ocean-atmosphere circulation over the Arctic and North Pacific. From the analysis of climatology, this study also measures the sensitivity of regional forests to variation and trend in temperature using long-term growth records from tree-rings and satellite data. Using a modeling approach designed to test for regime shifts in time series data, this research shows that mid-continent spring climatology is strongly influenced by winter phases-changes in the North Pacific, and that regional forests show a strengthening response to the trend in spring climate during the last half-century.
Determining the Earliest Growth Stage to Detect the Presence of Endophytes in Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass Seedlings Using Molecular Markers
Authors: Lee Kendall , Hill Nicholas , Missaoui Ali , Cerna Chloe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Tall fescue and perennial ryegrass are important cool-season forage and amenity grasses. Both types of grass have a mutualistic association with an endophytic fungus. Novel endophytes, non-toxic to livestock, have been bred in association with elite cultivars of the two species. It is critically important for producers to ensure that their seeds have an adequate level of endophyte-infection. There are different ways to test for endophyte presence and toxicity. Immunoblot tests have been commonly used but molecular markers have been developed that can be used as well. The goal of this research was to identify the earliest growth stage endophyte presence in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass can be successfully detected following seed germination using molecular markers as compared to immunoblot tests. We also sought to test an in-house primer, lolF, against a housekeeping gene marker, tef1exon, for endophyte detection.
Results
We found that molecular marker detection is limited at 14 DAG as there are not enough mycelia in the leaf tissue for DNA extraction and PCR to be carried out. Molecular markers can be reliably used at 28 DAG and later, whereas immunoblot testing can be done as early as 14 DAG. We find that at the time points when they can be reliably tested, molecular markers are comparable to the immunoblot assay in identifying endophyte presence. We also found that lolF is equal in endophyte detection to tef1exon in tall fescue but is not effective in perennial ryegrass.
Conclusions
Immunoblot assays identify endophyte presence at the earliest time point. Molecular markers can be reliably used at 28 days post germination and later. These findings provide researchers and producers with useful information that help them decide when and how to test their populations for endophytes.
miR-382-5p promotes breast cancer invasion via the regulation of PTEN
Authors: Amelimojarad Melika , Amelimojarad MANDANA , Wang Jian , Pourmahdian Alireza 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The expression of miR-382-5p is dysregulated in various cancers, and its aberrant expression has been linked to cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to estimate the expression level of miR-382-5p in breast cancer (BC) tissues and cell lines, as well as evaluate its biological function in tumorigenesis.
Methods
First, qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-382-5p expression in both BC tissues and cell lines. Next, the effects of miR-382-5p on cell proliferation and invasion were studied using the CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, and invasion assay. The association between miR-382-5p and its target (PTEN) was investigated using bioinformatics tools and confirmed using a luciferase assay. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between miR-382-5p and PTEN. Finally, the analysis of signaling networks was visualized.
Results
Our findings showed that overexpression of miR-382-5p in both BC tissues and cell lines increased cell viability and invasive ability via PTEN depletion, whereas PTEN up-regulation via plasmid transfection suppressed miR-382-5p proliferation and invasive effect on BC cells. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR-382-5p was associated with a poor prognosis and patient outcomes.
Conclusions
As a result of our findings, knocking down miR-382-5p could be considered a potential target for BC treatment.
Mitochondrial IRG1 traps Mcl-1 to induce hepatocyte apoptosis and promote carcinogenesis
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Dong Yue , Zhang Luxin , Wang Minjun , Zhou Ye , Jia Kaiwei , Wang Suyuan , Wang Mu , Li Yunhui , Lu Shan , Fan Yiwen , Zhang Dingji , Yang Yingyun , Li Nan , Yu Yizhi , Cao Xuetao , Hou Jin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatocarcinogenesis is initiated by repeated hepatocyte death and liver damage, and the underlying mechanisms mediating cell death and the subsequent carcinogenesis remain to be fully investigated. Immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) and its enzymatic metabolite itaconate are known to suppress inflammation in myeloid cells, and its expression in liver parenchymal hepatocytes is currently determined. However, the potential roles of IRG1 in hepatocarcinogenesis are still unknown.
Methods
Hepatocyte-specific IRG1 knockout mice were constructed to examine the role of IRG1 in hepatocarcinogenesis using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and stelic animal model (STAM)-induced mouse models. Molecular and biological experiments were performed to explore the mechanisms of hepatic IRG1 in promoting hepatocyte apoptosis and carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro.
Results
Here, using the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis mouse model, we found that IRG1 expression in hepatocytes was markedly induced upon DEN administration. The DEN-induced IRG1 was then determined to promote the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis of hepatocytes and liver damage, thus enhancing the subsequent hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the pro-apoptotic and carcinogenesis-promotive functions of IRG1 were independent on its catalytic product itaconate. Mechanistically, we found that the mitochondrial IRG1 could associate and trap anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 to inhibit the interaction between Mcl-1 and pro-apoptotic Bim, thus promoting Bim activation and downstream Bax mitochondrial translocation, and then releasing cytochrome c and initiating apoptosis.
Conclusions
The inducible mitochondrial IRG1 promotes hepatocyte apoptosis and the following hepatocarcinogenesis, which provides mechanistic insight and a potential target for preventing liver injury and HCC.
Conservation implications of mapping the potential distribution of an Ethiopian endemic versatile medicinal plant, Echinops kebericho Mesfin.
Authors: Teferi Bedilu Tafesse , Gode Tamirat Bekele , Woodmats Sebesbe Demissew , Dullo Bikila Warkineh , Duguma Sileshi Nemomssa , Gelete Desalegn Chala 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Herbal medicines have served as remedies for both human and livestock ailments for ages. This is continued to be so in developing countries such as Ethiopia where about 80% of the population are still dependent on traditional medicines. However, immense anthropogenic pressure is posing a threat on these invaluable resources. Echinops kebericho is a narrow range multipurpose medicinal plant confined to Ethiopia and known for its efficacy to cure several disease such as epilepsy, epistaxis and atrophy. Extracts from E. kebercho has antibacterial and anti-leshmanial activities as well as several agricultural and veterinary applications. Currently, intense land use and overharvesting for traditional medicine have resulted in its narrow distributions and E. kebercho is among the medicinal plants of Ethiopia with a decreasing population trend. Here we aim to map its potential distribution, which is key to guide conservation efforts and sustainable use. We modeled the potential distribution of this multipurpose medicinal plant using maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) employing twenty-one predictor variables by calibrating the model at two complexity levels and replicating each model 10 times using a cross validation technique. We projected the models into the whole of Ethiopia and produced binary presence-absence maps by splitting the average map from both complexity levels applying three threshold criteria and ensembling the resulting maps into one for the final result. We mapped suitable habitat predicted with high certainty and identified local districts where E. kebericho can be cultivated or introduced to enhance its conservation. We estimated that E.kebercho has about 137,925 km2 of suitable habitat, mainly concentrated in the western highlands of the Ethiopian mountains. Our models at both complexity levels had high average performances, AUC values of 0.925 for the complex model and 0.907 for the simpler model. Although E. kebericho is locally confined, our models predict that, it has a remarkably wider potential distribution area. We recommend introducing E. kebericho to these areas to improve its conservation status and tap its multiple benefits on a sustainable basis. Locally confined threatened plants and animals likely have wider potential distributions than their realized niche and thus similar methodology can be applied for their conservation.
Pashto handwritten character recognition based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Deep learning
Authors: ullah muneeb 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the field of machine learning, various models are used to train and test machines to perform a variety of tasks, including data analysis, computer vision, speech recognition, pattern matching, pattern recognition, and natural language processing. Computer vision is an important area where deep learning architectures, GANs, and transfer learning are applied. In the field of pattern matching and pattern recognition, research based on deep learning models has attracted significant attention from researchers due to their excellent performance. Pashto is an ancient and historical language spoken in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Optical character recognition (OCR) systems using Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) have been developed for several cursive languages, such as Chinese, Urdu, and Japanese, but no study has been done yet to recognize Pashto handwritten characters using the GAN network architecture. In this study, we used a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to generate additional images of handwritten characters in order to help improve the accuracy of a recognition system for handwritten characters. We used a dataset of 43,000 images representing 43 different classes of Pashto characters, which was collected from GitHub repositories and is available for other researchers to use. We employed two deep transfer models, ResNet50 and VGGNet16, to recognize the Pashto handwritten characters and evaluated their performance. The results showed that VGGent16 achieved 98.39% testing accuracy while ResNet50 achieved 99.24% testing accuracy. From the experimental result found that ResNet50 achieved a higher accuracy rate than VGGNet16 when tested on the dataset of Pashto characters. Furthermore, the accuracy rate achieved by ResNet50 was higher than the accuracy rates reported in previous studies on Pashto character recognition.
Study of the growth of two yeast strains (Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia guilliermondii) in an ammonium formate solution of rubber effluents
Authors: NESTOR NSOE MENGUE JEAN JACQUES , PATRICE KOFA GUILLAUME , SYLVERE NDI KOUNGOU , BOUKAR HASSANA , VICTORIA AMBA ESEGNI , JOSEPH KAYEM 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The growth of microorganisms is influenced by several physico-chemical parameters that need to be controlled before starting a biological treatment plant for better process efficiency. In this study, the influence of temperature (25-40 °C), pH (4-8), and ammonium formate concentration (1.59-7.94 mM) on the growth of two yeast strains (Y.lipolytica and P.guilliermondii ) examined in a batch process. Temperature has a direct impact on the kinetic growth parameters with an activation energy (Ea) of 14.3 kcal/mol and R2 0.95 for Y.lipolytica and 12.5 kcal/mol and R2 0.97 for P.guilliermondii, what indicating a dominant biological regime. The yeast strains are acidophilic with a maximum growth pH between pH 5 and 6.
High soluble uric acid levels in healthy subjects are accompanied by elevated peripheral lymphocytes
Authors: Yu Qiuyang , Sun Zhengyi , Wang Ying , Du Xue , Huang Jing , Wang Liying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that uric acid (UA) crystals can induce immune responses in the body; however, the relationship between soluble UA and immune responses remains unknown.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed and compared peripheral blood immune cells and cytokine levels in healthy individuals with high or normal serum uric acid (SUA) levels. We used soluble UA to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro and examined lymphocyte subset counts and activation.
Results: The number of immune cells in healthy individuals with high SUA levels increased, with the most obvious increase being observed in lymphocytes, mainly in CD4+ T cells. Lymphocyte elevation was more pronounced in women, who showed increased CD19+ B cell counts. Concomitantly, IL-4 and IL-10 levels significantly increased in healthy individuals with high SUA levels. In vitro, soluble UA promoted the proliferation and activation of CD4+ T and CD19+ B cells.
Conclusions: Our study revealed that elevated soluble UA levels may cause peripheral lymphocytes counts increase and make healthy subjects in a Th2-dominant immune status.
Can public emergencies force farmers to improve Automation level?
Authors: Liu Zhentao , Zhou Xunzhang , Shen Lin , Ma Zhuoya , Lu Jian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The frequent occurrence of public emergencies seriously affects the healthy development of the farming industry, and it is important to improve the level of farming automation to cope with the impact of public emergencies and improve farming efficiency and the healthy development of the farming industry. Based on the dual impact of African swine fever and COVID-19, the article empirically analyzes the impact of unexpected public events on the level of farming automation using primary research data and an Ordered Logit model. It is found that: 1) both direct and indirect shocks of public emergencies will force farming entities to improve their automation levels; 2) there are differences in the impact of public emergencies on different scale farming entities to improve their automation levels. For conventional farmers, the direct impact of public emergencies on the improvement of farming automation level changes from negative to positive with the introduction of control variables. For non-regulated farmers, both direct and indirect shocks from public emergencies increase the probability of increasing automation level. Accordingly, the article proposes suggestions in terms of increasing the investment in automation facilities, investment in disease prevention and control, and consideration of scale differences to help farmers better cope with the shocks of unexpected public events and thus stabilize production.