bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the inclusion of anatomical variation in medical education
Authors: Nzenwa Ikemsinachi C. , Iqbal Hassan A. , Bazira Peter J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe role of anatomical variability in safe clinical practice is underappreciated. A lack of familiarity of anatomical variations is at the center of a multitude of medical and surgical errors. The recent rise in litigation due to such errors suggests that patient care may be compromised. This makes the knowledge of anatomical variation essential to medical education. Empirical studies were identified by searching several databases and repositories, and the Medical Education Research Quality Instrument (MERSQI) was used to assess study quality. Eight studies were eligible for this systematic review; three of which were conference abstracts. Thematic summary of these studies yielded six themes namely: (1)importance of anatomical variation in medical education; (2)the ideal time to introduce anatomical variation in medical education; (3)important anatomical variations to include in medical education; (4)approaches to teaching anatomical variation; (5)assessing knowledge on anatomical variation; (6)barriers to including anatomical variation in medical education. Including anatomical variations in medical education would improve clinical reasoning and surgical outcomes. Following the completion of this review, three recommendations were made: (1) increasing the emphasis of anatomical variation in medical education; (2) developing more resources for anatomical variation education; (3) investigating the implications of lack of knowledge of anatomical variation in medical education through further research.
Papilla reconstruction for an iatrogenic RT3 gingival defect using a tuberosity soft tissue graft: A case report
Authors: Chacón Gerardo , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Fleming Christina , Leon Nelson , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrthognathic surgery is a reliable and safe method to improve maxillo‐mandibular malformations. However, it is a complex procedure that can affect deeper structures and the terminal blood supply of specific areas, thereby affecting the results. Occasionally, despite careful digital planning and diagnosis, esthetic complications may occur, such as scarring or mucogingival alterations, including localized aseptic necrosis with associated recessions. In more severe cases, larger fragments of necrosis may be involved.Methods and ResultsThe aim of this case report was to present a case, including diagnosis, treatment plan, periodontal plastic surgical technique, and follow‐up for a recession type 3 (RT3) defect. This RT3 gingival defect was associated with necrotic crestal bone exposure in the anterior esthetic area resulting from a complication after orthognathic surgery.ConclusionsPartial reconstruction of the interdental papilla can be possible through consideration of the defect characteristics, use of microsurgical principles, and utilization of a suitable connective tissue grafting technique.Key pointsWhy is this case new information?

To the authors’ knowledge, there is very limited clinical and scientific evidence regarding the management of esthetic complications associated with ischemic necrosis resulting from orthognathic surgeries. This case study identified the management of papillary reconstructions of these mucogingival defects.
What are the keys to the successful management of this case?

For an ideal case management, adequate plaque and infection control and timely notice of the defect appearance are critical. Additionally, proper surgical soft tissue management of the affected papillae and surrounding area is required. Finally, the type of connective tissue graft to be used, its management and fixation, and proper postoperative protocols are needed for case success.
What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Despite the limitations of this study, the authors consider that the treatment of mucogingival complications related to orthognathic surgeries is possible, using microsurgical concepts and connective tissue grafts to reconstruct papillae.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Oxidosqualene Cyclases from Panax vietnamensis
Authors: Wang Yibo , Wang Baojie , Xu Furong , Ma Xiaohui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPanax vietnamensis is a valuable medicinal resource with promising preclinical applications. Ginsenosides, which are triterpenoids, are the primary active components in P. vietnamensis. Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) catalyze the formation of the basic skeleton of triterpenes from 2,3‐oxidosqualene, which is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of triterpenoids. The OSCs involved in triterpenoid biosynthesis in P. vietnamensis have not yet been characterized. Four OSC genes (PvOSC1–4) were cloned from P. vietnamensis and functionally characterized via heterologous expression in yeast. Transgenic yeast expressing PvOSC1, PvOSC3, and PvOSC4 produced the corresponding products β‐amyrin, cycloartenol, and dammarenediol‐II, respectively. PvOSC1, PvOSC3, and PvOSC4 are monofunctional OSCs. In this study, we characterized three PvOSC genes, providing a better understanding of the biosynthesis of triterpenoids in P. vietnamensis and the multiple choices of plant OSCs for metabolic engineering in yeast and other hosts.
CO2 or Carbonates – What is the Active Species in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Fe‐Porphyrin?
Authors: Khakpour Reza , Lindberg Daniel , Laasonen Kari , Busch Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCO2 reduction is typically performed at neutral pH. Under these conditions CO2 is in equilibrium with H2CO3, HCO3− and CO32−. However, despite their presence so far most studies solely focus on the contribution of CO2 while carbonate species as alternative reactants are generally neglected. Using density functional theory (DFT) modelling we explore the possible contribution of these carbonate species to the overall CO2 reduction activity for a Fe porphyrin model catalyst. Considering only reaction Gibbs free energies, we find the reduction of carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3−) and CO2 to be equally likely. However, owing to a very high activation barrier for the initial adsorption of CO2 onto the catalyst, bicarbonate and carbonic acid reduction are found to be several orders of magnitude faster. These data are used to model the pH dependence of the reaction rates of the different reactants. These results confirm that carbonic acid and bicarbonate are the most likely reactants independent of the pH and reactor setup.
Improving the Selectivity to Liquefied Petroleum Gas by Combining Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis with Zeolite Cracking
Authors: Oppmann Nicolas , Jess Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a heterogeneously catalyzed surface polymerization reaction with a wide spectrum of hydrocarbons as products, following the Anderson‐Schulz‐Flory distribution. Subsequent cracking of the unwanted long‐chain products can increase the desired product fraction of shorter hydrocarbons (HCs). In this work, a Co/Mn‐catalyzed FTS with additional cracking by a Pt/H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite was investigated to increase the selectivity of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). At lower zeolite temperatures, no cracking but isomerization and the conversion of alcohols took place. Raising the temperature of the cracking process resulted in cracking of long‐chain HCs and increased the total LPG selectivity. Additional experiments by cracking of n‐hexadecane as model substance were conducted.
Self‐Supporting and Shell‐Core Pd−Ni@Ni Nanowire Arrays Electrode as Anode of Direct Carbohydrazide Fuel Cell
Authors: Peng Chao , Hou Shuai , Yuan Lan , Liu Yi , Guo Fen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConsidering the excessively high onset potential on pure Ni catalyst and the generation of gaseous products in carbohydrazide (CHZ) electrooxidation, a self‐supporting and shell‐core Pd−Ni@Ni nanowire arrays (NAs) catalytic electrode is prepared by the first templating electrodeposition of Ni and the subsequent galvanic replacement of Pd. The introduction of Pd with minute mass loadings of 2.7–5.3 μg cm−2enables a negative shift of onset potential of CHZ electrooxidation by 320 mV regardless of Ni supports. Pd in Ni@Pd−Ni NAs electrode can facilitate the chemical dissociation of CHZ into N2H4and/or H2and then provoke the occurrence of side reactions, i. e., N2H4and/or H2electrooxidation. The direct CHZ fuel cell made of Ni@Pd−Ni NAs anode delivers an open circuit voltage of 1.05 V and a peak power density of 22.90 mV cm−2at the operating temperature of 303 K.
Mass Transport Influence in the SO2 Oxidation Reaction on Au Electrodes
Authors: De Angelis Leonardo D. , Córdoba de Torresi Susana I. , Dourado André H. B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe use of fossil fuels as energy source is unsustainable in the long term and net‐zero carbon processes need to be implemented to maintain environmental balance. One could make use of assisted water electrolysis to produce clean hydrogen and avoid high overpotentials observed for the oxygen evolution reaction by switching to the SO2 oxidation reaction (SO2OR). This process exhibits a complex mechanism on Au electrodes, which is strongly affected by convection, exhibiting an anti‐Levich behavior, in which the limiting current linearly decreases with the square root of the rotation rate. Likewise, the bi‐stability region observed in the j/E profiles narrows in a sigmoidal profile with the rotation rate, leading to a non‐linear phenomenon with two controlling parameters, mass transport and potential applied. These events were understood to be related to the changing in the reaction mechanism by controlling the electrode rotation, much related to the decrease in the current aforementioned.
Divergent growth‐differentiation balance strategies and resource competition shape mortality patterns in ponderosa pine
Authors: Ferrenberg Scott , Vázquez‐González Carla , Lee Steven R. , Kristupaitis Milda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDynamic resource availability leads to trade‐offs among functions in plants. The growth‐differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH) predicts greater allocation of carbon to defense than growth when resources are scarce, with optimum defense production occurring at a point between the minimum and maximum growth rates. While the GDBH has been widely tested, consideration of phenotypic variation in rates for which defense is traded for growth and what this variation means for plant resistance remains rare. For defense, pines produce and store oleoresin in “resin ducts.” Retrospective comparisons of resin ducts in pines have revealed that trees with greater numbers, sizes, or areas of xylem resin ducts are more likely to avoid or survive insect attack. We used tree ring chronologies to quantify phenotypic variation in growth and resin duct defenses in pairs of living and bark beetle‐killed Pinus ponderosa trees in southern New Mexico, USA, and to test the utility of the GDBH for explaining tree mortality. We also assessed the sensitivity of annual growth to climate and competitor density in years preceding mortality in each pair. Survivors had greater growth rates and total cross‐sectional areas of resin ducts than trees killed by bark beetles. We did not observe a difference in climate–growth relationships among the groups; however, trees killed by bark beetles suffered negative effects of competition while survivors did not. Growth‐defense trade‐offs conformed to the GDBH's prediction of a quadratic relationship; however, the two groups significantly differed in the rate at which defense was traded for increasing levels of annual growth. Our results demonstrate that phenotypic variation in the trade‐off between growth and defense could be used to characterize trees that were killed by or survived recent natural enemy epidemics. We hypothesize that the GDBH could be integrated with the characterization of phenotypic variation in growth‐differentiation strategies—along with parsing of gene versus environment influences on phenotypes—at both local and landscape scales to increase our understanding of patterns of natural enemy impacts in plant populations.
Alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: For which patients?
Authors: Achim Alexandru , Serban Adela Mihaela , Mot Stefan Dan Cezar , Leibundgut Gregor , Marc Madalin , Sigwart Ulrich 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPercutaneous and surgical therapies for septal reduction for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have been going head‐to‐head for the past 20 years with similar outcomes and mortality rates, although contemporary myectomy seems to materialize its superiority. However, on closer analysis, the external validity of studies advocating myectomy does not translate to all centres. The aim of this review was to examine the most recent data on septal reduction therapy and to attempt to phenotype the appropriate patient for each of the two treatments. The key to similar low mortality rates between ventricular septal myectomy and alcohol septal ablation appears to be proper patient selection performed in high volume clinical environments. Furthermore, we analyse the role of mavacampten (the recently approved cardiac myosin inhibitor) in replacing or complementing the two septal reduction therapies.
Double‐Bond Isomerization of Rapeseed Oil Methyl Esters in a Continuous Flow Reactor Efficiently Catalyzed by H‐Mordenite
Authors: Kondratiuk Mykhailo , Gopinath Dhyanesh , Elrrays Asmaa , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnsaturated fatty acids are attractive alternatives to fossil‐based materials as a source of hydrocarbons, but potential applications are limited by the preset chain length of 16–20 carbon atoms. However, if the double bond can be randomly moved along the chain, subsequent bond‐breaking operations such as ethenolysis or oxidative cleavage will give rise to products with chain lengths ranging from 2 to 18 carbon atoms. A process for the double bond isomerization of rapeseed oil methyl esters in a flow‐through reactor using zeolites as the catalyst is herein disclosed. Using H‐mordenite as the catalyst at a flow of 0.125 mL min−1 at 290 °C, near equilibrium isomerization is reached with up to 49% recovery of linear monomeric products after 5 h and up to 44% after 48 h. The main side products are oligomers (3%–15%) and skeletal isomerization products (10%–23%).Practical applications: With a suitable follow‐up modification addressing the double bond (metathesis, ozonolysis, oxidative cleavage), the product mixtures of double‐bond positional isomers can be used in the production of short‐chain base chemicals. In repetitive combination with metathesis catalysis, biofuels with customized chain length distributions can be generated.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Allylation of Azadienes with Allyltrimethylsilanes
Authors: Sun Manman , Zhong Rong , Li Jinshan , Ma Yongmin , Yang Jianguo , Wang Zhiming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA metal‐free 1,4‐allylation of azadienes with allyltrimethylsilanes catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 has been developed. The high Lewis acidity, good thermal stability, and good hydrolytic stability of the catalyst make this reaction efficient and operationally simple. In contrast to the previously reported 1,2‐allylation of α,β‐unsaturated imines, the 1,4‐allylation of azadienes is described here for the first time. Benzofuran‐, indene‐, dihydronaphthalene‐, chromene‐, and benzothiophene‐based allyl arylmethanes have been obtained in up to 95 % yield.
Skeletal Editing: Interconversion of Arenes and Heteroarenes
Authors: Joynson Ben W. , Ball Liam T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSkeletal editing involves making specific point‐changes to the core of a molecule through the selective insertion, deletion or exchange of atoms. It thus represents a potentially powerful strategy for the step‐economic modification of complex substrates and is a perfect complement to methods such as C−H functionalization that target the molecular periphery. Given their ubiquity in biologically active compounds, the ability to perform skeletal editing on – and therefore interconvert between – aromatic heterocycles is especially valuable. This review summarizes both recent and key historical examples of skeletal editing as applied to interconversion of aromatic rings; we anticipate that it will serve to highlight not only the innovative and enabling nature of current skeletal editing methods, but also the tremendous opportunities that still exist in the field.
Impact of an AI app‐based exercise program for people with low back pain compared to standard care: A longitudinal cohort‐study
Authors: Hartmann Rica , Avermann Florian , Zalpour Christoff , Griefahn Annika 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLow Back Pain (LBP) is a common health problem worldwide. In recent years, the use of mobile applications for the treatment of various diseases has increased, due to the Corona pandemic.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted exercise recommendations can reduce pain and pain‐related impairments in daily life for patients with LBP, compared to standard care.MethodsTo answer the research question, an 8‐week app‐based exercise program was conducted in the intervention group. To measure the influence of the exercise program, pain development and pain‐related impairment in daily life have been evaluated. A so‐called rehabilitation sports group served as the control group. The main factors for statistical analysis were factor time and group comparison. For statistical calculations, a mixed analysis of variance for pain development was conducted. A separate check for confounders was made. For pain impairment in daily life nonparametric tests with the mean of change between the time points are conducted.ResultsThe intervention group showed a reduction in pain development of 1.4 points compared to an increase of 0.1 points in the control group on the numeric rating scale. There is a significant interaction of time and group for pain development. Regarding pain‐related impairments in daily life, the intervention group has a reduction of the oswestry disability index scores by 3.8 points compared to an increase of 2.3 in the control group. The biggest differences become apparent 8 weeks after the start of treatment. The significant results have a medium to strong effect.ConclusionThe results shown here suggest that the use of digital AI‐based exercise recommendations in patients with LBP leads to pain reduction and a reduction in pain‐related impairments in daily living compared to traditional group exercise therapy.
Knockdown of SEMA7A alleviates MPP+‐induced apoptosis and inflammation in BV2 microglia via PPAR‐γ activation and MAPK inactivation
Authors: Qi Weinan , Zeng Dan , Xiong Xiaoshuan , Hu Qun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe inflammation mediated by microglial cells plays an important role in the process of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent evidence indicates that semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, but whether it plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, 1.0 mmol/L 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+)‐stimulated mouse microglia (BV2) cells were used as an in vitro model of PD. The expression of SEMA7A was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and apoptosis kits were used to analyze the viability and apoptosis of BV‐2 cells. The content of IL‐6, IL‐β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α was determined by ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) kit. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of the inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2.ResultsOur findings indicated that SEMA7A expression in BV2 cells was upregulated after MPP+ stimulation. Knockdown of SEMA7A promoted cell viability while it inhibited apoptosis and the expression of proinflammatory enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines. Silencing SEMA7A‐induced peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPAR‐γ) activation and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway inactivation. Furthermore, a PPAR‐γ inhibitor and an MAPK activator promoted the effect of MPP+ on cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation of BV2 cells; what is more, the PPAR‐γ inhibitor and MAPK activator blocked the inhibitory effect of SEMA7A downregulation on MPP+‐induced injury.ConclusionIn general, knockdown of SEMA7A inhibits MPP+‐induced BV2 cell apoptosis and inflammation via PPAR‐γ activation and MAPK inactivation, which may provide a new therapy target for PD.
UsingFIGONutrition Checklist counselling in pregnancy: A review to support healthcare professionals
Authors: Killeen Sarah Louise , Donnellan Niamh , O'Reilly Sharleen L. , Hanson Mark A. , Rosser Mary L. , Medina Virna P. , Jacob Chandni Maria , Divakar Hema , Hod Moshe , Poon Liona C. , Bergman Lina , O'Brien Patrick , Kapur Anil , Jacobsson Bo , Maxwell Cynthia V. , McIntyre Harold David , Regan Lesley , Algurjia Esraa , Ma Ronald C. , Adam Sumaiya , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. ,   the FIGO Committee on Impact of Pregnancy on Long‐term Health and the FIGO Division of Maternal and Newborn Health
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe period before and during pregnancy is increasingly recognized as an important stage for addressing malnutrition. This can help to reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases in mothers and passage of risk to their infants. The FIGO Nutrition Checklist is a tool designed to address these issues. The checklist contains questions on specific dietary requirements, body mass index, diet quality, and micronutrients. Through answering these questions, awareness is generated, potential risks are identified, and information is collected that can inform health‐promoting conversations between women and their healthcare professionals. The tool can be used across a range of health settings, regions, and life stages. The aim of this review is to summarize nutritional recommendations related to the FIGO Nutrition Checklist to support healthcare providers using it in practice. Included is a selection of global dietary recommendations for each of the components of the checklist and practical insights from countries that have used it. Implementation of the FIGO Nutrition Checklist will help identify potential nutritional deficiencies in women so that they can be addressed by healthcare providers. This has potential longstanding benefits for mothers and their children, across generations.