bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of autoimmune nodopathy with anti‐neurofascin 186 antibody
Authors: Liu Bingyou , Zhou Lei , Sun Chong , Wang Longjie , Zheng Yongsheng , Hu Bin , Qiao Kai , Zhao Chongbo , Lu Jiahong , Lin Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveNodal/paranodal autoantibodies identified a group of peripheral neuropathies independent from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). However, nodopathy with antibody against neurofascin 186 (NF186) was rarely reported. We presented a cohort of patients with anti‐NF186 antibody and described the clinical profile of them.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 195 patients diagnosed with CIDP and immune mediated idiopathic neuropathies were enrolled. Cell‐based assay was used to screen anti‐NF186 and anti‐NF155 antibodies in serum samples. Teased‐fiber immunofluorescence were used as a confirmatory assay. Clinical data of seropositive patients were collected and analyzed.ResultsAmong the patients with anti‐NF186 antibody, seven patients (58.3%) presented acute or subacute disorder onset. Four patients (33.3%) were found to have asymmetric weakness or numbness. Distal weakness and/or numbness was the core feature. Sensory ataxia, tremor and central nervous system demyelination were rarely observed. Nerve conduction studies revealed predominant demyelinating with/without axonal loss. Brachial plexus MRI was normal in the majority of patients (6/7, 85.7%). Five patients (5/9, 55.6%) showed response to intravenous immunoglobulin. Eight patients (8/10, 80.0%) improved after corticosteroids. All patients (3/3,100%) responded to rituximab.InterpretationIn the study, we depicted the clinical profile of nodopathy with anti‐NF186 antibody. The diversity of clinical features, electrophysiology results and pathological findings was specific in nodopathy with anti‐NF186 antibody. Screening of autoantibody against NF186 in acute‐onset neuropathy is recommended.
Bulk Embedding of Ferroelectric Nanodomains in CuBi2O4 Photocathodes Enables Boosted Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Xu Youxun , Jian Jie , Su Guirong , Liu Wei , Wang Shiyuan , Shuang Yazhou , Li Fan , Jia Lichao , Friedrich Dennis , van de Krol Roel , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is widely accepted that metal oxide‐based photoelectrodes (MOPs) hold great promise for future solar hydrogen generation but are facing awkward challenge arising from their low intrinsic carrier mobility. The highly polarized nature of the predominantly ionic metal‐oxygen bond always leads to the formation of small polarons that are responsible for the localized trapping of photo‐generated carriers. Present study explores the reduction of carriers transport barrier via bulk embedding of ferroelectric nanodomains (FNDs) in MOPs that results in a new performance benchmark for the CuBi2O4 photocathode. By embedding laser‐generated sub‐10 nm BaTiO3 nanocrystals in the bulk of CuBi2O4 photocathode, numerous FNDs are created that can lead to two times enhancement of the carrier mobility, which is proposed to originate from the overlaying of the internal electric fields and effective electrons transport channel at the heterointerfaces of BaTiO3/CuBi2O4. Such strategy leads to the CuBi2O4 photocathode with the photocurrent density of up to 3.21 mA cm−2 at 0.6 VRHE, as well as a pronounced absorbed photon‐to‐current efficiency up to 80% at 400 nm. The universal feature of present technology is further verified by laser embedding of SrTiO3 FNDs, providing an effective route for addressing the charge transport limitations in MOPs.
Relay Catalysis of Multi‐Sites Promotes Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Luo Xuan , Wu Wenkun , Wang Youheng , Li Yuyang , Ye Jinyu , Wang Haoyu , Jiang Qiaorong , Zhou Zhiyou , Li Yuguang C. , Wang Yucheng , Sun Shigang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe two‐electron pathway to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is undesirable for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in iron and nitrogen doped carbon (Fe–N–C) material as it not only lowers the catalytic efficiency but also impairs the catalyst durability. In this study, a relay catalysis pathway is designed to minimize the two‐electron selectivity of Fe–N–C catalyst. Such a design is achieved by introducing two other sites, that is, MnN4 site and α‐Fe(110) face. A combination of transmission electron microscopy image and X‐ray absorption spectra verify the three site formation. Electrochemical test coupled with post‐treatment confirm the improvement of MnN4 site and α‐Fe(110) face on catalyst performance. Theoretical calculation proposes a relay catalysis pathway of three sites, that is, H2O2 released from the FeN4 site migrates to the MnN4 site or α‐Fe(110) face, on which the captive H2O2 is further reduced to H2O. The relay catalysis pathway positioned the as‐prepared catalyst among the best ORR catalysts in both aqueous electrode and alkaline direct methanol fuel cell test. This study examples an interesting relay catalysis pathway of multi‐sites for the ORR, which offers insights into the design of efficient electrocatalysts for fuel cells or beyond.
Response and Regulation of the Microenvironment Based on Hollow Structured Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Zhao Decai , Wei Yanze , Xiong Jing , Gao Chunsheng , Wang Dan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHollow structured materials with easily modifiable surfaces and enclosed interior spaces have emerged as the most promising candidates in drug delivery systems (DDS). With various functional components and inspiring cavities for creative reinvention, the response and regulation of the external and internal microenvironment of hollow structures enable their ideal drug delivery capabilities by improving drug aggregation in targeted sites and maintaining plasma concentrations at the optimal therapeutic ranges. This review begins with an in‐depth explanation of the interactions and release mechanisms of hollow structure‐based DDS, including diffusion, assembly, solvent activation, and chemical control, all of which are of great significance for the design of smart drug carriers. Next, recent advances in external microenvironment‐responsive drug delivery systems are introduced, based on various chemical signals and external field assists. Focusing on the unique view of intra‐carrier variability, the strategies for regulating the internal environment are then highlighted, including pH regulation, temperature regulation, and mechanical force regulation. Finally, this review discusses possible challenges and prospects for hollow structure‐based, particularly hollow multishelled structures intelligence‐responsive drug delivery platforms, providing valuable strategies for the development of the next generation of responsive DDS.
Fully Recyclable, Healable, Soft, and Stretchable Dynamic Polymers for Magnetic Soft Robots
Authors: Zhu Guangda , Hou Yi , Xia Neng , Wang Xin , Zhang Chong , Zheng Jianzhong , Jin Dongdong , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMagnetic soft robots capable of wirelessly controlled programmable deformation and locomotion are desirable for diverse applications. Such multi‐variable actuation ideally requires a polymer matrix with a well‐defined range of softness and stretchability (Young's modulus of 0.1–10 MPa, high stretchability >200%). However, this defined mechanical range excludes most polymer candidates, leaving only a limited number of available polymers (e.g., PDMS, Ecoflex) with covalently cross‐linked networks that may lead to non‐recyclable robots and further potential threats to environment. Herein, based on the synergistic effects of reduced cross‐linking density and intermolecular hydrogen bonding, a dynamic covalent polyimine is newly designed as polymer matrix and magnetic microparticles as fillers, and integrate defined softness and stretchability, full chemical recyclability, rapid room‐temperature healability and multimodal actuation into a single magnetic soft robot. The polyimine is soft and stretchable enough to process soft robots in various geometries by simple laser cutting, without the need to pre‐design the geometry to suit target scenarios. Through a cyclic depolymerization/repolymerization, this full recycling restores 100% of the robots’ mechanical properties and rapid deformability/mobility to their original level within seconds and heals quickly within minutes when damaged, facilitating ideal cyclic material economy for soft robots in diverse scenarios.
Double Doping of Semiconducting Polymers Using Ion‐Exchange with a Dianion
Authors: Yuan Dafei , Plunkett Evan , Nguyen Phong H. , Rawlings Dakota , Le My Linh , Kroon Rene , Müller Christian , Segalman Rachel A. , Chabinyc Michael L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe interactions between counterions and electronic carriers in electrically doped semiconducting polymers are important for delocalization of charge carriers, electronic conductivity, and thermal stability. The introduction of a dianions in semiconducting polymers leads to double doping where there is one counterion for two charge carriers. Double doping minimizes structural distortions, but changes the electrostatic interactions between the carriers and counterions. Polymeric ionic liquids (PIL) with croconate dianions are helpful to investigate the role of the counterion in p‐type semiconducting polymers. PILs prevent diffusion of the cation into the semiconducting polymers during ion exchange. The redox‐active croconate dianions undergo ion exchange with doped semiconducting polymers depending on their ionization energy. Croconate dianions are found to reduce doped films of poly(3‐hexyl thiophene), but undergo ion exchange with a polythiophene with tetraethylene glycol side chains, P(g42T‐T), that has a lower ionization energy. The croconate dianion maintains crystalline order in P(g42T‐T) and leads to a lower activation energy for the electrical conductivity than PF6− counterions. The control of the doping level with croconate allows optimization of the thermoelectric performance of the semiconducting polymer. The thermal stability of the doped films of P(g42T‐T) is found to depend strongly on the nature of the counterion.
A Versatile Platform for the Tumor‐Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Peptides, Proteins, and siRNA
Authors: Yang Yifan , Zhu Haichao , Liu Dingkang , Luo Hong , Chang Ruilong , Ji Yue , Yao Wenbing , Yin Jun , Gao Xiangdong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe efficient delivery of biologics into cells provide unique opportunities to modulate intracellular targets not druggable by conventional small molecules. The supercharged polypeptide (SCP) has become a novel intracellular delivery system due to their special advantages, including enhanced delivery efficiency and serum tolerance. However, owing to their cationic charge and non‐specificity characteristics, the in vivo application of SCP is limited. Here, an activatable SCP (ASCP) with a pH‐sensitive charge shielding sequence (CSS), a protease cleavage site, and SCP are engineered. This system shows the potential to reduce the non‐specific binding and effectively deliver various cargo (peptide, protein, small molecule, and siRNA) into the cytosol not only in vitro but also in vivo. Furthermore, an ASCP fusion protein is designed to co‐delivery of peptide (KLA)/siRNA (IKBKE) with different tumorigenesis pathways to triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) for optimal therapeutic outcomes. It is believed that ASCP delivery system will facilitate the development of bioactive molecules for use against intracellular targets. This simple yet versatile delivery system can also pave the way for the co‐delivery of multiple therapeutic cargos to address the emerging needs of combination cancer therapy.
Achieving Ultrahigh Electron Mobility in PdSe2 Field‐Effect Transistors via Semimetal Antimony as Contacts
Authors: Wang Zhenping , Ali Nasir , Ngo Tien Dat , Shin Hoseong , Lee Sungwon , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEven though atomically thin 2D semiconductors have shown great potential for next‐generation electronics, the low carrier mobility caused by poor metal–semiconductor contacts and the inherently high density of impurity scatterings remains a critical issue. Herein, high‐mobility field‐effect transistors (FETs) by introducing few‐layer PdSe2 flakes as channels is achieved, via directly depositing semimetal antimony (Sb) as drain–source electrodes. The formation of clean and defect‐free van der Waals (vdW) stackings at the Sb–PdSe2 heterointerfaces boosts the room temperature transport characteristics, including low contact resistance down to 0.55 kΩ µm, high on‐current density reaching 96 µA µm−1, and high electron mobility of 383 cm2 V−1 s−1. Furthermore, metal–insulator transition (MIT) is observed in the PdSe2 FETs with and without hexagonal boron nitride (h–BN) as buffer layers. However, the layered h–BN/PdSe2 vdW stacking eliminates the interference of interfacial disorders, and thus the corresponding device exhibits a lower MIT crossing point, larger mobility exponent of γ ∼ 1.73, significantly decreased hopping parameter of T0, and ultrahigh electron mobility of 2,184 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 10 K. These findings are expected to be significant for developing high mobility 2D‐based quantum devices.
Application of Artificial Intelligence to In Vitro Tumor Modeling and Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Lee Ren Yuan , Wu Yang , Goh Denise , Tan Verlyn , Ng Chan Way , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Lau Mai Chan , Yeong Joe Poh Sheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn vitro tumor models have played vital roles in enhancing the understanding of the cellular and molecular composition of tumors, as well as their biochemical and biophysical characteristics. Advances in technology have enabled the evolution of tumor models from two‐dimensional cell cultures to three‐dimensional printed tumor models with increased levels of complexity and diverse output parameters. With the increase in complexity, the new generation of models is able to replicate the architecture and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment more realistically than their predecessors. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been used extensively in healthcare and research, and AI‐based tools have also been applied to the precise development of tumor models. The incorporation of AI facilitates the use of high‐throughput systems for real‐time monitoring of tumorigenesis and biophysical tumor properties, raising the possibility of using AI alongside tumor modeling for personalized medicine. Here, the integration of AI tools within tumor modeling is reviewed, including microfluidic devices and cancer‐on‐chip models.
Optical Switching of Hole Transfer in Double‐Perovskite/Graphene Heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Heng , Debroye Elke , Fu Shuai , González Miriam C. Rodriguez , du Fossé Indy , Geuchies Jaco J. , Gao Lei , Yu Xiaoqing , Houtepen Arjan J. , De Feyter Steven , Hofkens Johan , Bonn Mischa , Wang Hai I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSynergically combining their respective ultrahigh charge mobility and strong light absorption, graphene (Gr)/semiconductor heterostructures are promising building blocks for efficient optoelectronics, particularly photodetectors. Charge transfer (CT) across the heterostructure interface crucially determines device efficiency and functionality. Here, it is reported that hole‐transfer processes dominate the ultrafast CT across strongly coupled double‐perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6/graphene (DP/Gr) heterostructures following optical excitation. While holes are the primary charges flowing across interfaces, their transfer direction, as well as efficiency, show a remarkable dependence on the excitation wavelength. For excitation with photon energies below the bandgap of DPs, the photoexcited hot holes in Gr can compete with the thermalization process and inject into in‐gap defect states in DPs. In contrast, above‐bandgap excitation of DP reverses the hole‐transfer direction, leading to hole transfer from the valence band of DPs to Gr. Experimental evidence that increasing the excitation photon energy enhances CT efficiency for both below‐ and above‐bandgap photoexcitation regimes is further provided, unveiling the positive role of excess energy in enhancing interfacial CT. The possibility of switching the hole‐transfer direction and thus the interfacial photogating field by tuning the excitation wavelength, provides a novel way to control the interfacial charge flow across a DP/Gr heterojunction.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Depolymerizable δ‐Lactone Based Vitrimers
Authors: Yue Liang , Su Yong‐Liang , Li Mingzhe , Yu Luxia , Montgomery S. Macrae , Sun Xiaohao , Finn M. G. , Gutekunst Will R. , Ramprasad Rampi , Qi H. Jerry 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA depolymerizable vitrimer that allows both reprocessability and monomer recovery by a simple and scalable one‐pot two‐step synthesis of vitrimers from cyclic lactones is reported. Biobased δ‐valerolactone with alkyl substituents (δ‐lactone) has low ceiling temperature; thus, their ring‐opening‐polymerized aliphatic polyesters are capable of depolymerizing back to monomers. In this work, the amorphous poly(δ‐lactone) is solidified into an elastomer (i.e., δ‐lactone vitrimer) by a vinyl ether cross‐linker with dynamic acetal linkages, giving the merits of reprocessing and healing. Thermolysis of the bulk δ‐lactone vitrimer at 200 °C can recover 85–90 wt% of the material, allowing reuse without losing value and achieving a successful closed‐loop life cycle. It further demonstrates that the new vitrimer has excellent properties, with the potential to serve as a biobased and sustainable replacement of conventional soft elastomers for various applications such as lenses, mold materials, soft robots, and microfluidic devices.
Circadian Clock Regulation via Biomaterials for Nucleus Pulposus
Authors: Chen Wei , Zheng Dandan , Chen Hao , Ye Tingjun , Liu Zhihong , Qi Jin , Shen Hongxing , Ruan Huitong , Cui Wenguo , Deng Lianfu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCircadian clock disorder during tissue degeneration has been considered the potential pathogenesis for various chronic diseases, such as intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). In this study, circadian clock‐regulating biomaterials (ClockMPs) that can effectively activate the intrinsic circadian clock of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in IVDD and improve the physiological function of NPCs for disc regeneration are fabricated via air‐microfluidic technique and the chemical cross‐linking between polyvinyl alcohol and modified‐phenylboronic acid. In vitro experiments verified that ClockMPs can scavenge reactive oxygen species to maintain a stable microenvironment for the circadian clock by promoting the binding of BMAL1 and CLOCK proteins. ClockMPs can regulate the expression of core circadian clock genes by activating the PI3K‐AKT pathway in NPCs to remodel the intrinsic circadian clock and promote extracellular matrix synthesis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments of IVDD treated with ClockMPs proved that ClockMPs can promote disc regeneration by regulating the circadian clock of NPCs. In conclusion, ClockMPs provided a novel and promising strategy for circadian clock regulation during tissue regeneration.
Role of Interfacial Defects on Electro–Chemo–Mechanical Failure of Solid‐State Electrolyte
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Xu Xieyu , Jiao Xingxing , Kapitanova Olesya O. , Song Zhongxiao , Xiong Shizhao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh‐stress field generated by electroplating of lithium (Li) in pre‐existing defects is the main reason for mechanical failure of solid‐state electrolyte because it drives crack propagation in electrolyte, followed by Li filament growth inside and even internal short‐circuit if the filament reaches another electrode. To understand the role of interfacial defects on mechanical failure of solid‐state electrolyte, an electro–chemo–mechanical model is built to visualize distribution of stress, relative damage, and crack formation during electrochemical plating of Li in defects. Geometry of interfacial defect is found as dominating factor for concentration of local stress field while semi‐sphere defect delivers less accumulation of damage at initial stage and the longest failure time for disintegration of electrolyte. Aspect ratio, as a key geometric parameter of defect, is investigated to reveal its impact on failure of electrolyte. Pyramidic defect with low aspect ratio of 0.2–0.5 shows branched region of damage near interface, probably causing surface pulverization of solid‐state electrolyte, whereas high aspect ratio over 3.0 will trigger accumulation of damage in bulk electrolyte. The correction between interfacial defect and electro–chemo–mechanical failure of solid‐state electrolyte is expected to provide insightful guidelines for interface design in high‐power‐density solid‐state Li metal batteries.
A Functionalized Heterogeneous Catalyst from Atomically Precise Pd1Au8 Clusters Facilitates Carbon–Carbon Bond Construction
Authors: Cai Xiao , Liu Yong , Li Guangjun , Hu Weigang , Liu Xu , Chen Mingyang , Ding Weiping , Zhu Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt has become possible to establish a connection between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with atomically precise metal clusters. Due to their defined coordination geometry, in this work, atomically precise Pd1Au8(PPh3)82+ clusters are exploited to identify the crucial factor that can impact the catalytic efficiency for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling process and further gain valuable insight into the exclusive cooperative effect of the central Pd atom and the peripheral Au atoms of the Pd1Au8(PPh3)82+ cluster on controlling the cross‐coupling reaction. Specifically, a heterogeneous catalyst, namely Pd1Au8@Resin, is designed by exchanging positively charged Pd1Au8(PPh3)82+ clusters into the porous resin, thereby not only facilitating catalyst recyclability when performed in a batch reactor, but also realizing time‐on‐stream performance for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction carried out in a fixed‐bed reactor. The integrated advantages of homogeneous complexes and heterogeneous catalysts are expected to advance the usability of atomically precise metal clusters as heterogeneous catalysts for important bond constructions in homogeneous systems.
Wafer‐Scale, Highly Uniform Surface Functionalization from Vapor Phase and Applications to Organic Transistors
Authors: Chen Ming , Li Jie , Piao Yingzhe , Yang Wanli , Li Chun , Wan Yi , Yu Yanhao , Li Lain‐Jong , Guo Xugang , Cheng Xing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe surface functionalization by self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) favors well‐packed organic semiconductor growth and reduces interfacial traps, which assists in developing high‐performance organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). Herein, the conventional SAM growth from the vapor phase is ameliorated and systematically studied. With 1H,1H,2H,2H‐Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane as an example, it is found that deposition temperature of no less than 120 °C and deposition pressure of up to 0.02 bar is preferred for SAM deposition without morphological defects. The optimized SAMs are ultrasmooth with a surface roughness of 0.09 nm and can be escalated to wafer scale. It is verified that the growth condition is universal for other trichlorosilane species. Finally, it is shown that the OTFTs with defect‐free SAMs can achieve an average mobility of 1.79 cm2 V−1 s−1 using dinaphtho(2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f)thieno(3,2‐b)thiophene as the active layer, which is 2.06 times to the devices with defective SAMs and paces up the large‐area and high‐performance organic electronics.