bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge on Chlamydia trachomatis and acceptance to testing for it among young students in China
Authors: Jiang Ting-Ting , Han Yan , Cao Ning-Xiao , Yin Yue-Ping , Chen Xiang-Sheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Actively screening for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is important for young people because of a high prevalence of asymptomatic infection in this population. This study aimed to investigate knowledge on CT and preference to the screening services for CT among young students in China.

Methods
From June to July 2022, a web-based questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, knowledge of CT, previous testing for CT, and preference to platform of testing for CT among Chinese young students. An online Home-Based Self-Sampling Test (HBSST) service was offered free of charge if the participant was willing to be tested for CT. Statistical analyses included descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Of 520 participants, 419 (80.6%) were aged between 16 and 24 years, 235 (45.2%) reported having sexual experience in the past, and 27 (5.2%) being tested before for CT. Slightly higher than 10% (57/520) of students were knowledgeable about CT. About one-third (36.9%) expressed their willingness to have a testing for CT but majority of them (63.1%) preferred to a free testing. Having sexual experience was significantly associated with the willingness to take the HBSST service (AOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.92-4.58). A total of 139 (26.7%) participants requested the HBSST service online and 43.2% (60/139) returned the specimen for testing, in which 2 positives (3.3%) were found.

Conclusions
The knowledge on CT and the previous uptake or current willingness to have a testing for CT was low among Chinese young students.
Meningococcus B Vaccination Effectiveness against Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection in People Living with HIV: a Case-control Study
Authors: Raccagni Angelo Roberto , Galli Laura , Spagnuolo Vincenzo , Bruzzesi Elena , Muccini Camilla , Bossolasco Simona , Ranzenigo Martina , Gianotti Nicola , Lolatto Riccardo , Castagna Antonella , Nozza Silvia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
We assessed the vaccination effectiveness (VE) of multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B (4CMenB) vaccine against gonorrhoea among people living with HIV (PLWH) with a previous diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Methods
Unmatched case-control study on men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV, in care at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, with gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia or anal HPV between July 2016 (beginning of 4CMenB vaccination) and February 2021 (date of freezing). For the analysis, cases were people with ≥1 gonorrhoea infection since July 2016 and controls were people with ≥1 syphilis, chlamydia, or anal HPV infection since July 2016. Logistic regression was used to provide the estimate of 4CMenB VE against gonorrhoea.

Results
Included PLWH were 1051 (103 cases, 948 controls); 349/1051 (33%) received two doses of 4CMenB vaccination. The median follow-up was 3.8 years (2.1-4.3). The unadjusted estimate for VE against gonorrhoea was 42% (95%CI 6-64; p = 0.027). Logistic regression showed that VE against gonorrhoea remained significant (44%, 95%CI 9-65; p = 0.020) after adjusting for some factors that might have a potential influence on VE or those with significant unbalanced distributions between cases and controls at univariable analysis.

Conclusions
4CMenB vaccination is associated with lower risk of gonorrhoea in the setting of MSM living with HIV with a previous STI.
Topical Review: Teaching Serious News Delivery in Eye Care
Authors: Spafford Marlee M. , Lawton Andrew J. , Flom Roanne E. 
Published: February 2023

SIGNIFICANCE
Eye doctors regularly convey serious illness news to their patients. There is an evolving understanding of how medical educators can effectively teach this vital communication skill during real-time patient care. This article proposes teaching strategies to improve clinical optometric education related to serious illness conversations.
Effectively conveying serious illness news is an essential skill in optometry practice. Established protocols can help optometrists navigate these nuanced, emotional, and complex conversations with patients, yet protocols for teaching this skill in eye care settings have not been described. Clinical educators need discrete strategies for making such pivotal communication skills learnable in an environment where patient care, teaching priorities, and limited resources are regularly juggled. Despite the importance of this competency, limited study has focused on teaching optometry learners to deliver serious eye news. In this article, we explore the importance of optometry talk, serious news delivery tools, and considerations for optometric educators teaching serious news delivery. We then adapt specific strategies from medical education to help optometry educators teach serious news delivery in clinical settings.
Effect of Cognitive Mental Load on Attended and Nonattended Visual Stimuli
Authors: Mahjoob Monireh , Anderson Andrew J. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
In the real word, visual tasks may be concurrent with other activity that imposes mental load. Although the brain's capacity to process information is limited, attention can improve visual performance by selectively allocating processing resources. Therefore, measuring visual performance under such circumstances can reflect patients' vision more accurately.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nonvisual task-induced mental load on visual performance at both attended and unattended locations in stimulus-driven captured attention.

METHODS
Visual function was measured with an orientation discrimination task for Gabor patches with contrasts of 10, 15, 30, 50, and 80%. Three attentional conditions (valid-cue, invalid-cue, and neutral-cue) were randomly interleaved within runs. To modulate mental load, the visual task was performed either with or without a simultaneous auditory n-back task (two-back for maximum mental load and zero-back to control for the effect of having to perform a simultaneous task).

RESULTS
Our result showed that the effect of mental load on correct responses was significant (P = .02). Correct responses decreased significantly during the two-back task when compared with the baseline condition (P = .03), but there was no significant difference between baseline and zero-back conditions (P = .06). The effect of attention and spatial frequencies on the percentage of correct responses was significant (P < .001). There was no significant interaction between mental load and spatial frequency, contrast level, or attention (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Mental load had a similar decreasing effect on attended and unattended visual stimuli. This may be due to a generalized effect on processing resources upstream to where spatial attention is allocated.
Predictive Factors for Delayed Surgical Intervention in Children With Epidural Hematomas
Authors: Abe Naomi , Gardiner Michael , Dory Christopher , Gonda David , Harvey Helen , Hilfiker Mary , Hollenbach Kathryn , Kanegaye John T. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Optimal treatment of children with traumatic intracranial epidural hematomas (EDHs) is unknown. We sought to identify clinical and radiographic predictors of delayed surgical intervention among children with EDH admitted for observation.

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients younger than 15 years with acute traumatic EDHs evaluated at our level 1 pediatric trauma center. We excluded patients with penetrating head injuries, recent surgical evacuation of EDH, or depressed skull fracture requiring surgical repair and assigned the remaining subjects to the immediate surgery group if they underwent immediate surgical evacuation, to the supportive-therapy-only group if they underwent observation only, and to the delayed surgery group if they underwent surgery after observation. We abstracted clinical and laboratory findings, surgical interventions, and neurological outcome and measured EDH dimensions and volumes, adjusting for cranial size. We compared clinical and radiographic characteristics among groups and performed receiver-operator characteristic analyses of predictors of delayed surgery.

Results
Of 172 patients with EDH, 103 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 6 (6%) in the immediate surgery group, 87 (84%) in the supportive-therapy-only group, and 10 (10%) in the delayed surgery group. Headache, prothrombin time of >14 seconds, EDH maximal thickness of ≥1.1 cm, volume of ≥14 mL, EDH thickness/cranial width index of ≥0.08 and EDH volume/cranial volume index of ≥0.18, and mass effect were associated with delayed surgical intervention. There was no difference in length of stay or functional impairment between the immediate and delayed surgery groups. However, patients in delayed surgery group were more likely to have subjective symptoms at discharge than those in immediate surgery group.

Conclusions
Among patients with EDH admitted for observation, larger EDH, mass effect, headaches, and prothrombin time of >14 seconds were associated with delayed surgical intervention. A larger-scale study is warranted to identify independent predictors of delayed surgery in children under observation for EDH.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Testicular Torsion
Authors: Koppel Jordanna H. , Patt Yonatan Shneor , Berant Ron 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
Acute testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that warrants prompt treatment. The diagnosis is typically confirmed by ultrasonography interpreted by a radiologist (RADUS); however, in this study, we describe the clinical course of 23 patients for whom point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was performed by pediatric emergency medicine physicians during the initial assessment for testicular torsion in the pediatric emergency department (PED).

Methods
A retrospective case series analysis of patients aged 0 to 18 years who were diagnosed with acute testicular torsion after undergoing scrotal POCUS through our PED.

Results
Between June 2015 and December 2020, 155 boys received an International Classification of Diseases-9 code of Torsion of Testis after presenting to our PED. Seventy-three patients were imaged preoperatively, of which 50 (68.5%) were diagnosed via RADUS alone. Twenty-three patients (31.5%) underwent POCUS (median age 14.1 years [interquartile range {IQR}: 11.4–15.9 years]), of which 14 (60.9%) were imaged by POCUS alone, whereas the remaining 9 patients (39.1%) underwent POCUS before RADUS. Thirteen of the 23 patients (56.5%) who underwent POCUS had intraoperative findings consistent with acute testicular torsion, whereas another 3 patients (13.0%) required manual detorsion in the PED before orchiopexy. Six patients required orchiectomy. All patients for which POCUS findings were suggestive of acute testicular torsion were correctly classified.
The median length of stay from time to admission to orchiopexy for those who received RADUS only versus POCUS only was 184 minutes (IQR: 136–255), and 121 minutes (IQR: 80–202), respectively (P = 0.036). Among the patients who experienced POCUS, the median length of stay for those who underwent RADUS in addition to POCUS compared with those who underwent POCUS alone was 202 minutes (IQR: 136–338.4) (P = 0.031).

Conclusions
Point-of-care ultrasound performed by pediatric emergency medicine physicians can be used to expedite surgical management and streamline the management of pediatric patients suspected of acute testicular torsion.
A Novel CASC15-ALK and TFG-ROS1 Fusion Observed in Uterine Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Authors: Chang Bin , Wang Zhe , Ren Min , Yao Qianlan , Zhao Lu , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2023

The majority of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) in the gynecologic tract occur in the uterine corpus and harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement. Herein, we report 1 uterine IMT case with a novel fusion involving ALK and 1 uterine IMT case with ROS1 rearrangement. The ages of the patients were 56 and 57 yr, respectively. The tumor size was 10.0 and 8.0 cm, respectively. Both patients had stage IB disease. Histologically, the 2 IMT cases had classic morphologic features and predominantly comprised bland spindle cells with hypercellular (fascicular/storiform) and hypocellular (myxoid rich) areas admixed with variably prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Immunohistochemically, the ALK-rearranged case was positive for ALK, and the ROS1-rearranged case was positive for ROS1. Both cases were diffusely positive for desmin. The tumor cells were variably positive for estrogen receptor (1/2 cases, 50.0%) and progesterone receptor (1/2 cases, 50.0%). Targeted RNA sequencing revealed one case each with either a novel CASC15-ALK or TFG-ROS1 fusion. We identified a novel ALK fusion partner CASC15 in IMT and described the first uterine IMT with a TFG-ROS1 fusion. This study improves our understanding of molecular events in IMT.
Grouping Public Health Skills to Facilitate Workforce Development: A Factor Analysis of PH WINS
Authors: Petrovskis Anna , Bekemeier Betty , van Draanen Jenna , Heitkemper Elizabeth 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
This study examined whether distinct factors exist among public health skills, measured through the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS). Understanding how workforce training needs group is important for developing targeted and appropriate public health workforce training sessions.

Design:
Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine public health skills among tier 1 staff (nonmanagers) and a combined group of tier 2 and 3 staff (managers and executives).

Setting:
Data for this study come from the 2017 PH WINS, which assessed public health workforce perceptions of training needs, workplace environment, job satisfaction, perceptions about national trends, and demographics. The analysis included 22 items.

Participants:
All public health staff in participating agencies were eligible to complete the survey. The national data set included participants from 47 state health agencies, 26 large local health departments (LHDs), and 71 mid-sized LHDs across all 10 Health and Human Services regions in the United States (including LHDs from all states). The analytic sample was n = 9630 in tier 1, n = 4829 in tier 2, and n = 714 in tier 3 staff.

Main Outcome Measure:
Three factors were identified within the skills portion of PH WINS, using exploratory factor analysis. To interpret retained factors, the following parameters were used: factor loadings greater than 0.4, factor cross-loadings less than 0.4 or higher than loadings on other factors, and communalities greater than 0.5.

Results:
Factors included (1) data and systems thinking, (2) planning and management, and (3) community collaboration, with slight variation in item loadings between tier 1 and tier 2 and 3 staff analyses.

Conclusion:
This study was the first known factor analysis of the training needs and workforce skills portion of PH WINS in the published literature. This study advances our conceptualization of public health workforce skills and has the potential to shape future critical workforce training development.
Pandemic Response Officers: Integration Between Medical, Public Health, and Higher Education Systems to Expedite Prevention and Response
Authors: Jones Anne C. , Meredith Genevive R. , Leong Donna , Jamal Sabine , Buckwalter Rachel , Clarke John D. , Clarkberg Marin , Bishop Allan , Cantone Frank , Espey Claire , Kruppa Frank , Opperman Mary George , Koretzky Gary A. 
Published: February 2023

Context:
Research and policy studies alike have enumerated population and community health benefits of system integration between medical, public health, and social entities. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the necessity of a well-trained and adequately staffed public health and medical workforce in order to process SARS-CoV-2 cases and prevent subsequent transmission. Higher education systems, in particular, represented defined populations of exposure and transmission. Opportunities existed for collaboration and task sharing between institutions of higher education and local public health departments to limit spread and impacts.

Program:
This article describes the Pandemic Response Officer (PRO) program at Cornell University, a team of staff and students created during the intensity of the pandemic to benefit the Tompkins County and Cornell University communities.

Implementation:
The PRO program was formed in January 2021, with an original team of 8 individuals, working iteratively to investigate and support employee cases and exposures. Implementation was motivated by Cornell University's dual responsibility as a large employer that also possessed SARS-CoV-2 test results of employees. PROs loaded case information into a shared HIPPA-compliant electronic record that collected information for case notification, case investigation, isolation support, contact tracing, contact notification, and quarantine support. Over time, the PROs grew to a team of 25, gaining responsibilities as university and public health systems shared roles to maximize resources.

Evaluation:
From January 1 to December 31, 2021, PROs managed 773 employee and 2943 student cases. During the Omicron surge (November 28-December 31, 2021), PROs saved the public health department an estimated 2797 hours of effort, equating to more than 10 professionals working full-time, evenings and weekends, to process cases and contacts during this interval.

Discussion:
By integrating efforts between a university and public health agency, this intervention minimized SARS-CoV-2 transmission via expedient case support and alleviated strain on public health systems by expanding the public health workforce.
Longitudinal Ultrasound-Guided Injection Curriculum for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residents
Authors: Eventov Michelle , Bean Allison C. , D’Amico Ella , Fultz Connor , Cerana Kerry , Helkowski Wendy , Schroeder Allison N. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Physiatrists are increasingly utilizing musculoskeletal ultrasound for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, a standardized longitudinal curriculum for instructing physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residents in performing ultrasound-guided interventional procedures has yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the effectiveness of a longitudinal curriculum in training residents to perform common ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal injections using fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens. The course included six weekly hands-on educational sessions, divided by anatomical region, integrated into an established anatomy and physical exam curriculum. Following completion of the curriculum, residents reported improved comfort and confidence, and displayed improved competence in performing these injections. Other physiatry residency programs should consider implementing longitudinal, hands-on cadaveric training courses to better prepare trainees to perform ultrasound-guided injections as part of their future clinical practice.
Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation to Restore Motor Function in People with Amputation: A Systemic Literature Review
Authors: Hao Jie , Chen Ziyan , Remis Andréas , He Zhengting 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Virtual reality is an emerging technology with accumulating research and clinical evidence in the field of physical rehabilitation. This study aimed to systematically identify and examine the effects of virtual reality on motor function outcomes in patients with amputation to inform clinical decision-making on amputation rehabilitation and inform further research endeavors. Five databases were searched, including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus. After screening for 1052 records, ten clinical studies were included in this review: four randomized controlled trials, three pre-post single-arm studies, and three case studies; all studies had fair to good methodological quality. Seven studies were for lower extremity amputation, and three were for upper extremity amputation. Results reveal the positive effects of virtual reality on improving motor function in prosthesis training, including balance, gait, and upper extremity outcomes. Participants also report enjoyment during virtual reality intervention as measured by subjective experience. However, it is unclear whether virtual reality can induce better therapeutic outcomes than conventional rehabilitation, given the limited number of controlled studies and conflicting results reported in the included studies. More properly designed randomized controlled trials with adequately powered sample sizes are warranted to elucidate the benefits of virtual reality-based rehabilitation in the amputation population.
A scoping review: carpal tunnel syndrome in athletes who compete in wheelchair sport
Authors: Marriott Catherine , Montgomery Kate , Whelan Alexander 
Published: February 2023

ABTRACT
The purpose of this review was to understand the research on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in athletes who compete in wheelchair sport. Eight articles were identified using the search strategy. The most common sport evaluated was wheelchair basketball (N = 4). Most athletes were male and were diagnosed with a spinal cord injury. Different clinical and electrodiagnostic criteria have been used to diagnose CTS. Two studies incorporated ultrasound into the clinical evaluation of median nerve pathology. The duration of disability and wheelchair use were associated with increased risk of CTS in four studies. There was no association between training load and the prevalence of CTS. No study has explored the functional implications of CTS on sports participation and performance. No study has assessed the prevention and treatment of CTS in individuals who compete in wheelchair sport. This review provides an understanding of the important diagnostic tools, and demographic and training risk factors to consider when evaluating para-athletes for CTS and highlights areas for future research.