bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation and validation of urdu version short form-mcgill pain questionnaire-2
Authors: Sharif Amna , Amjad Fareeha , Arslan Syed Asadullah , Ahmad Ashfaq 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Low back pain is one of the most common complaints affecting many individuals. The McGill Pain Questionnaire is used in various clinical settings to assess different types of pain and one of the most extensively used outcomes measures for pain in the world. The purpose of this study was to translate and validate the original English version of the SF-MPQ-2 into Urdu (SF-MPQ-2-U).

Methods
For this study, Mapi Research Trust protocols were followed for the forward and backward translation. Test-retest reliability was used to assess the reliability. Cronbach’s alpha and Omega was used to determine internal consistency. Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was also conducted.

Results
The Cronbach’s alpha for SF-MPQ-2-U was 0.73 to 0.79, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Omega score for the SF-MPQ-U were 0.918. The ICC varied from 0.799 to 0.878 for domains of SF-MPQ-2-U. The CFA of the SF-MPQ-2-U met model fit indices with GFI and NFI > 0.90. The inter-scale correlation between baseline and re-test data was from 0.63 to 0.71, indicating a positive and strong correlation. The SF-MPQ-2-U and ODI-U had a baseline correlation of 0.547. The correlation of SF-MPQ-2-U & VAS at baseline data was 0.558. Pearson’s correlation between subscales was r = 0.253 with p 0.01, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion
The SF-MPQ-2-U is considered to have good convergent validity at inter scale and between two scale levels. Reliability was checked by test-retest reliability, Internal consistency was checked using Cronbach’s alpha and Omega that showed good internal consistency for measuring different types of pain in patients with low back pain who speak Urdu. To make the questionnaire more valid and reliable, it is recommended for the researchers to do in-depth research on larger sample size.
The effects of provenance, climate, and chemical defense on the resistance of Pinus pinaster Aiton to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer)
Authors: Torres-Sánchez Esteban , Menéndez-Gutiérrez María , Villar Lucía , Díaz Raquel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Key message
The resistance of Pinus pinaster Aiton to pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) varied among populations from the Iberian Peninsula, with survival rates for inoculated seedlings ranging from 5 to 100%. These differences in resistance were paralleled by differences in some constitutive chemical defenses. Populations from the southeastern Iberian Peninsula displayed higher resistance than northern populations.

Context
The presence of the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer), in Portugal threatens Mediterranean pine species such as Pinus pinaster Aiton.

Aims
We have focused on assessing the resistance of P. pinaster populations to B. xylophilus, looking for any relationship between the PWN resistance and some constitutive chemical defenses and geoclimatic parameters.

Methods
Two-year-old seedlings from 32 provenances and two seed orchards were evaluated in an experiment of artificial inoculation following a randomized complete block design under greenhouse conditions. We measured growth-related traits, response to B. xylophilus inoculations, and constitutive chemical compounds in needles of the evaluated seedlings and compiled geoclimatic data for each population. Mixed models, nonparametric tests, correlations, and PCA were used to analyze the data.

Results
Survival, wilting symptoms, morphological traits, and nematode density varied significantly among populations. Lower concentrations of constitutive polyphenols, lipid-soluble substances, and tannins were related to higher PWN resistance. Populations from the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula showed higher survival rates than those from further north. Additionally, we observed that populations to warm, dry climates showed higher resistance to B. xylophilus than populations originating from humid, temperate climates.

Conclusion
Higher susceptibility to PWN is related to lower growth traits, to lower levels of certain constitutive chemical compounds, and to adaptations to harsher climate.
Burden of neglected tropical diseases and access to medicine and diagnostics in Ethiopia: a scoping review
Authors: Semahegn Agumasie , Manyazewal Tsegahun , Getachew Eyerusalem , Fekadu Bethelhem , Assefa Esubalew , Kassa Munir , Davey Gail , Hopkins Michael , Araya Mesele , Woldehanna Tassew , Hanlon Charlotte , Fekadu Abebaw 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMore than 1.7 billion people are affected by neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) worldwide. Forty percent of the NTD-affected people live in Africa with the poorest, most vulnerable, and hard to reach geographical areas. The NTDs cause significant social and economic burden and deepen marginalization and stigmatization. The World Health Organization’s current roadmap for NTD aims to prevent, control, eliminate, or eradicate 20 tropical diseases. Ethiopia experiences a high burden of these diseases, but current access to diagnostics, medicine, and/or care has been little explored to inform the country’s NTD strategic plan. The overall purpose of the scoping review was to map and characterize the burden of NTDs and challenges in access to diagnostics, medicine, and/or care in Ethiopia.MethodsA systematic search of evidence was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from January 2000 until May 2022, without restrictions of language or study design. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review was followed for screening of studies. Key findings were extracted and narrated qualitatively.ResultsThe search resulted in 4532 articles, of which 105 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the scoping review under three themes: burden of NTDs, access to diagnostics, medicine and/or care, and key barriers. Although gains have been made in the prevention and control of NTDs in Ethiopia, the burden remains high, and progress in access to diagnostics, medicine/drugs, and/or care is very slow. Poverty, poor quality of life, and underfunding of NTD programs decelerate the process of NTD elimination program in the country.ConclusionsThe scoping review identified a considerable number of studies on the burden of NTDs in Ethiopia and strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and/or care; however, there is a paucity of evidence on the suitability and potential benefits of novel diagnostic technologies and medicines in the country. A regular review and analysis of such country-level evidence is important to inform the country NTDs roadmap and local implementation strategies.
Prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mofolorunsho Kehinde Charles , Dorsamy Vinogrin , Bagwandeen Chauntelle , Abbai Nathlee Samantha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundBacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) includingNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatisare common in men who have sex with men (MSM). These infections increase the risk of acquiring and transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in this key population. Access to MSM in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa remains generally difficult due to discrimination or criminalization of their sexual orientation which could lead to depression and risky sexual practices associated with prevalence. This protocol therefore proposes to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature on the prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among MSM in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsThis review which aims to ascertain the pooled prevalence and risk factors of these infections in sub-Saharan Africa’s MSM population will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search strategy will review relevant articles from the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Articles screening for eligibility and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. All discrepancies will be resolved by the third and fourth reviewers. Heterogeneity in studies will be evaluated using theI2statistic and where heterogeneity is high and significant, a random effect model will be used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Publication bias will be assessed using the Doi plot. Extracted data will be analysed using MetaXL add-on for Microsoft excel. Data will be presented in tables and graphically presented in forest plots.DiscussionIn this study, we anticipate being able to systematically determine the prevalence ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatisamong MSM as well as explore possible risk factors associated with prevalence. The outcomes of the systematic review and meta-analyses will serve to support researchers and public health stakeholders in identifying healthcare priorities and in addressing issues pertaining to the overall wellbeing of the MSM community.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42022327095
Economic costs for outpatient treatment of eating disorders in Japan
Authors: Kurisu Ken , Nohara Nobuhiro , Inada Shuji , Otani Makoto , Noguchi Haruko , Endo Yuka , Sato Yasuhiro , Fukudo Shin , Nakazato Michiko , Yamauchi Tsuneo , Harada Tomoko , Inoue Koki , Hata Tomokazu , Takakura Shu , Sudo Nobuyuki , Iida Naoko , Mizuhara Yuki , Wada Yoshihisa , Ando Tetsuya , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Few studies have examined the economic costs of outpatient care for eating disorders in Japan. This study aimed to clarify the reimbursement for outpatient treatment of eating disorders and compare the costs between the departments of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry in Japan.

Method
A multicenter, prospective, observational study of patients with an eating disorder was conducted in the Psychosomatic Medicine departments of three centers and the Psychiatry departments of another three centers in Japan. We analyzed medical reimbursement for an outpatient revisit, time of clinical interviews, and the treatment outcome measured by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) global scores and body mass index (BMI) at 3 months. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to adjust for covariates.

Results
This study included 188 patients in the Psychosomatic Medicine departments and 68 in the Psychiatry departments. The average reimbursement cost for an outpatient revisit was 4670 yen. Even after controlling for covariates, the Psychosomatic Medicine departments had lower reimbursement points per minute of interviews than the Psychiatry departments (coefficient = − 23.86; 95% confidence interval = − 32.09 to − 15.63; P < 0.001). In contrast, EDE-Q global scores and BMI at 3 months were not significantly different between these departments.

Conclusions
This study clarifies the economic costs of treating outpatients with eating disorders in Japan. The medical reimbursement points per interview minute were lower in Psychosomatic Medicine departments than in Psychiatry departments, while there were no apparent differences in the treatment outcomes. Addressing this issue is necessary to provide an adequate healthcare system for patients with eating disorders in Japan.
Cathepsin B abundance, activity and microglial localisation in Alzheimer’s disease-Down syndrome and early onset Alzheimer’s disease; the role of elevated cystatin B
Authors: Wu Yixing , Mumford Paige , Noy Suzanna , Cleverley Karen , Mrzyglod Alicja , Luo Dinghao , van Dalen Floris , Verdoes Martijn , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Wiseman Frances K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCathepsin B is a cysteine protease that is implicated in multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. The endogenous inhibitor of this enzyme, cystatin B (CSTB) is encoded on chromosome 21. Thus, individuals who have Down syndrome, a genetic condition caused by having an additional copy of chromosome 21, have an extra copy of an endogenous inhibitor of the enzyme. Individuals who have Down syndrome are also at significantly increased risk of developing early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD). The impact of the additional copy of CSTB on Alzheimer’s disease development in people who have Down syndrome is not well understood. Here we compared the biology of cathepsin B and CSTB in individuals who had Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease, with disomic individuals who had Alzheimer’s disease or were ageing healthily. We find that the activity of cathepsin B enzyme is decreased in the brain of people who had Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease compared with disomic individuals who had Alzheimer’s disease. This change occurs independently of an alteration in the abundance of the mature enzyme or the number of cathepsin B+ cells. We find that the abundance of CSTB is significantly increased in the brains of individuals who have Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease compared to disomic individuals both with and without Alzheimer’s disease. In mouse and human cellular preclinical models of Down syndrome, three-copies of CSTB increases CSTB protein abundance but this is not sufficient to modulate cathepsin B activity. EOAD and Alzheimer’s disease-Down syndrome share many overlapping mechanisms but differences in disease occur in individuals who have trisomy 21. Understanding this biology will ensure that people who have Down syndrome access the most appropriate Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics and moreover will provide unique insight into disease pathogenesis more broadly.
Issues of virtual fashion influencers’ reproduced bodies: a qualitative analysis based on body discourse
Authors: Shin Yeongyo , Lee Selee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA recent development in the fashion industry, where digital transformation has accelerated, has been the birth and rise of virtual fashion influencers. With their close imitation of the human body and how active they are on social media, their influence on the fashion industry is gradually growing. The purpose of this study is to explore the trends in the activities of virtual fashion influencers and to determine the main issues in their body representation by identifying the types and current status of their reproduced bodies. One hundred and fifteen virtual fashion influencers who are active in the global fashion industry were selected as the research subjects and observed with a focus on their body reproduction. Our qualitative analysis is based on Rosi Braidotti’s theory on posthumans’ existence and body of subjectivity formation discourse. Based on the above theories, these reproduced bodies can suggest the following issues related to the risks of modern society: (1) the reproduction of standardized stereotypes, (2) the expression of the male gaze, power, and desire, and (3) colonial gender hierarchy.
Intramuscular Tendon Injuries of the Hamstring Muscles: A More Severe Variant? A Narrative Review
Authors: Kerin Fearghal , O’Flanagan Stuart , Coyle Joe , Farrell Garreth , Curley Darragh , McCarthy Persson Ulrik , De Vito Giuseppe , Delahunt Eamonn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHamstring strain injuries (HSI) are one of the most common sport-related injuries. They have a high injury burden and a high recurrence rate. The development of novel muscle injury grading systems has provided new insights into the possible impact of injury location on the time to return to play (TTRTP) and re-injury following HSI. In particular, injuries to the intramuscular tendon (IMT) may be present in up to 41% of all HSI and have been described as a ‘serious thigh muscle strain’. Re-injury rates as high as 60% have been described in elite track and field athletes, as well as prolonged TTRTP. A systematic search was carried out using appropriate keywords to identify articles reporting on HSI involving the IMT in athletes. The primary aim was to determine whether IMT injuries warrant being classified as a distinct clinical entity with different expected outcomes to other hamstring muscle injuries. This narrative review summarises the existing evidence on: (1) the anatomy of the IMT and its response to injury; (2) the role of MRI and novel grading scales in IMT injury management (3) clinical assessment of IMT injuries, (4) TTRTP and re-injury rates across sports following IMT, (5) conservative rehabilitation and the role of specific ‘IMT-oriented’ strategies, and (6) indications for and approaches to surgery. The review found that important clinical outcomes such as re-injury rates and TTRTP vary across populations, cohorts and sports which suggest that outcomes are specific to the sporting context. Bespoke rehabilitation, tailored to IMT injury, has been shown to significantly reduce re-injuries in elite track and field athletes, without compromising TTRTP. Continued prospective studies across other sports and cohorts, are warranted to further establish relevant clinical findings, indications for surgical intervention and outcomes across other sporting cohorts.
Participatory evaluation of the process of co-producing resources for the public on data science and artificial intelligence
Authors: Teodorowski Piotr , Gleason Kelly , Gregory Jonathan J. , Martin Martha , Punjabi Reshma , Steer Suzanne , Savasir Serdar , Vema Pournamy , Murray Kabelo , Ward Helen , Chapko Dorota 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The growth of data science and artificial intelligence offers novel healthcare applications and research possibilities. Patients should be able to make informed choices about using healthcare. Therefore, they must be provided with lay information about new technology. A team consisting of academic researchers, health professionals, and public contributors collaboratively co-designed and co-developed the new resource offering that information. In this paper, we evaluate this novel approach to co-production.

Methods
We used participatory evaluation to understand the co-production process. This consisted of creative approaches and reflexivity over three stages. Firstly, everyone had an opportunity to participate in three online training sessions. The first one focused on the aims of evaluation, the second on photovoice (that included practical training on using photos as metaphors), and the third on being reflective (recognising one’s biases and perspectives during analysis). During the second stage, using photovoice, everyone took photos that symbolised their experiences of being involved in the project. This included a session with a professional photographer. At the last stage, we met in person and, using data collected from photovoice, built the mandala as a representation of a joint experience of the project. This stage was supported by professional artists who summarised the mandala in the illustration.

Results
The mandala is the artistic presentation of the findings from the evaluation. It is a shared journey between everyone involved. We divided it into six related layers. Starting from inside layers present the following experiences (1) public contributors had space to build confidence in a new topic, (2) relationships between individuals and within the project, (3) working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, (4) motivation that influenced people to become involved in this particular piece of work, (5) requirements that co-production needs to be inclusive and accessible to everyone, (6) expectations towards data science and artificial intelligence that researchers should follow to establish public support.

Conclusions
The participatory evaluation suggests that co-production around data science and artificial intelligence can be a meaningful process that is co-owned by everyone involved.
Cervical intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from esophageal adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Ontsi Obame Fresnel Lutèce , El Kacemi Inas , Dokponou Yao Christian Hugues , Laaguili Jawad , Saad Moussa Elmi , Mohcine Salami , El Asri Abad Cherif , Gazzaz Miloud 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is a rare pathologic entity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of ISCM due to esophageal adenocarcinoma reported in the literature.

Case description
We report a 63-year-old man with a history of surgical removal of an esophageal adenocarcinoma who presented with the Brown–Sequard syndrome. Pan-spinal MRI showed intramedullary cervical lesions with intense homogeneous enhancement on gadolinium injection at C3 level. There were other sites of spinal metastases and one in the brain. We proceeded with the surgical removal of the lumbar metastatic lesion. The patient died 10 days later from respiratory failure.

Conclusion
ISCM from esophageal adenocarcinoma appeared as homogeneous high intensity of the intramedullary lesion in T1 gadolinium. Their prognosis is very poor.
Characterizing provider-led adaptations to mobile phone delivery of the Adolescent Transition Package (ATP) in Kenya using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based Implementation Strategies (FRAME-IS): a mixed methods approach
Authors: Mangale Dorothy Imbuka , Onyango Alvin , Mugo Cyrus , Mburu Caren , Chhun Nok , Wamalwa Dalton , Njuguna Irene , Means Arianna Rubin , John-Stewart Grace , Weiner Bryan J. , Beima-Sofie Kristin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in disruptions to routine HIV services for youth living with HIV (YLH), provoking rapid adaptation to mitigate interruptions in care. The Adolescent Transition to Adult Care for HIV-infected adolescents (ATTACH) study (NCT03574129) was a hybrid I cluster randomized trial testing the effectiveness of a healthcare worker (HCW)-delivered disclosure and transition intervention — the Adolescent Transition Package (ATP). During the pandemic, HCWs leveraged phone delivery of the ATP and were supported to make adaptations. We characterized real-time, provider-driven adaptations made to support phone delivery of the ATP.

Methods
We conducted continuous quality improvement (CQI) meetings with HCWs involved in phone delivery of the ATP at 10 intervention sites. CQI meetings used plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles and were audio-recorded. Adaptations were coded by two-independent coders using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based Implementation Strategies (FRAME-IS). Adaptation testing outcomes (adopt, retest, or abandon) and provider experience implementing the adaptations were also recorded. We summarized adaptation characteristics, provider experience, and outcomes.

Results
We identified 72 adaptations, 32 were unique. Overall, adaptations included modification to context (53%, n = 38), content (49%, n = 35), and evaluation processes (13%, n = 9). Context adaptations primarily featured changes to personnel, format, and setting, while content and evaluation adaptations were frequently achieved by simple additions, repetition, and tailoring/refining of the phone delivery strategy. Nine adaptations involved abandoning, then returning to phone delivery. HCWs sought to increase reach, improve fidelity, and intervention fit within their context. Most adaptations (96%, n = 69) were perceived to increase the feasibility of phone delivery when compared to before the changes were introduced, and HCWs felt 83% (n = 60) of adaptations made phone delivery easier. Most adaptations were either incorporated into routine workflows (47%) or tested again (47%).

Conclusion
Adaptation of phone delivery was a feasible and effective way of addressing challenges with continuity of care for YLH during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adaptations were primarily context adaptions. While FRAME-IS was apt for characterizing adaptations, more use cases are needed to explore the range of its utility.

Trial registration
Trial registered on ClinicalTrial.gov as NCT03574129.