bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Captivated by Meaning
Authors: Adachi Paul J. C. , Rigby C. Scott 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews how self-determination theory (SDT) clarifies the motivational dynamics of entertainment media and informs moral questions of its impact. A growing body of SDT research has gone behind the flash and spectacle on the screen to assess the psychological fulfillments and key experiences that account for much of its motivational pull. This work provides a blueprint of the specific experiences, content, and features that deepen fulfillment. As important, SDT offers a process model of how fulfilling experiences predict sustained engagement over time. The chapter beings with a review of the research on the motivational pull of video games, whose immersive contexts can provide rich satisfactions of basic psychological needs enhancing intrinsic motivation to play. It then turns to more traditional forms of entertainment media, discussing the recent work applying SDT to investigate a process model of engagement with TV shows, exploring how basic need fulfillments in narratives impact engagement. Finally, practical considerations as well as directions for future research are discussed.
The Historical Political Economy of Nationalism
Authors: Boix Carles 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The canonical literature on nationalism traces the formation of modern national identity back to broad processes of economic and cultural modernization. By contrast, this chapter emphasizes its political origins and dynamics of modern national identity formation. This new perspective allows us to account for the emergence of three main classes of nationalism. First, a “liberal” nationalism embedded within the emancipatory political project of the Atlantic revolutions of the late eighteenth century that, when successful, led to a unified nation state. Second, a “conservative” nationalism that, reacting against liberal nationalists, employed a set of premodern attributes, such as a particular religion or ethnicity, as the building blocks for its concept of nation. Finally, a multiplicity of “periphery” or territorially circumscribed nationalisms, ranging from Zionism to anticolonial movements, which generally formed in response to the conservative variety of nationalism.
Networks in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Slez Adam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of network analysis in the study of historical political economy. Whereas conventional approaches to quantitative research such as regression focus on the relationships between variables, network analysis focuses on the relationships between cases. Drawing on historical records capturing the relationship between places, people, organizations, and even symbols, network analysis has been used to examine the processes surrounding the transition to economic and political modernity. These include the rise of the market economy, the expansion of centralized authority, and the proliferation of mass mobilization through political parties and social movement organizations. Despite the considerable progress on this front, the adoption of network analysis is complicated by methodological hurdles arising from the nonindependence of observations. Causal inference is especially challenging, though recent innovations in inferential network analysis may provide a way forward.
Procedural Justice Theory
Authors: Bradford Ben , Kyprianides Arabella , Yesberg Julia A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Understanding why and on what basis people cooperate with police and comply with the law is vital for the formulation of legal policy and, indeed, the functioning of the justice system. Procedural justice theory (PJT) has emerged as arguably the dominant account in this area. Stressing the centrality of fairness judgments in police-public relations, PJT provides a detailed account of the ways trust and legitimacy are formed, are reproduced, and feed into cooperation and compliance. In this chapter, we outline the existing evidence base for PJT, consider recent critiques of the theory, and explore some new developments and avenues for future research and practice. We conclude that although PJT has contributed enormously to our understanding of police-public relations, to demonstrate its applicability where it really counts for policing, those working within the paradigm need to develop a more expansive theoretical and methodological framework.
Investigative Interviewing
Authors: Meissner Christian A. , Kleinman Steven M. , Mindthoff Amelia , Phillips Erik P. , Rothweiler Jesse N. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Investigative interviews are an essential tool for any criminal investigation and are conducted across a variety of contexts and subject populations. In each context, key psychological processes function to regulate communication between an interviewer and a subject—from developing rapport and trust to facilitating memory retrieval to assessing credibility. Research on investigative interviewing has dramatically increased to include assessing cooperative interviews with witnesses/victims, interviews with more resistant suspects and sources, and interviewing to detect deception. We review the extant research and discuss three fundamental challenges to eliciting the truth: (1) investigative biases, (2) the frailty of human memory, and (3) resistance to providing information. We then introduce a model of science-based investigative interviewing that encompasses both relational and informational tactics shown to be effective in developing rapport and trust, eliciting accurate information, and facilitating judgments of credibility. Finally, we discuss the policy and practice implications of this research.
Emerging Issues in Competence to Stand Trial Evaluation
Authors: Zapf Patricia A. , Beltrani Amanda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recent data indicate that at least 90,000 evaluations of competency to stand trial are conducted each year in the United States, making this the most prevalent type of forensic evaluation ordered by the courts. A robust literature exists regarding the evaluation of competency to stand trial, but less work has been done on issues related to the restoration of competency, with researchers calling for more evidence regarding effective techniques for improving competence-related functioning. This chapter discusses the topic of emerging issues in competency evaluation, specifically addressing the use of videoconferencing technology and the issue of bias and unreliability in competency evaluation. The available research and commentary on these two emerging issues is reviewed and suggestions for a path forward are provided, with a focus toward a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between evaluator characteristics, evaluation methods, and training.
Loss of OPT3 function decreases phloem copper levels and impairs crosstalk between copper and iron homeostasis and shoot-to-root signaling inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chia Ju-Chen , Yan Jiapei , Rahmati Ishka Maryam , Faulkner Marta Marie , Simons Eli , Huang Rong , Smieska Louisa , Woll Arthur , Tappero Ryan , Kiss Andrew , Jiao Chen , Fei Zhangjun , Kochian Leon V , Walker Elsbeth , Piñeros Miguel , Vatamaniuk Olena K 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCopper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are essential micronutrients that are toxic when accumulating in excess in cells. Thus, their uptake by roots is tightly regulated. While plants sense and respond to local Cu availability, the systemic regulation of Cu uptake has not been documented in contrast to local and systemic control of Fe uptake. Fe abundance in the phloem has been suggested to act systemically, regulating the expression of Fe uptake genes in roots. Consistently, shoot-to-root Fe signaling is disrupted in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the phloem companion cell-localized Fe transporter, OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER 3 (AtOPT3). We report that AtOPT3 also transports Cu in heterologous systems and contributes to its delivery from sources to sinks in planta. The opt3 mutant contained less Cu in the phloem, was sensitive to Cu deficiency and mounted a transcriptional Cu deficiency response in roots and young leaves. Feeding the opt3 mutant and Cu- or Fe-deficient wild-type seedlings with Cu or Fe via the phloem in leaves downregulated the expression of both Cu- and Fe-deficiency marker genes in roots. These data suggest the existence of shoot-to-root Cu signaling, highlight the complexity of Cu/Fe interactions, and the role of AtOPT3 in fine-tuning root transcriptional responses to the plant Cu and Fe needs.
A patient with untreated preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Prickett Mara A. , Howell Christopher M. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The pathophysiologic process of peripartum cardiomyopathy, a rare and potentially life-threatening condition, is not completely understood. One theory is a possible link between the development of preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy. These two conditions have been linked to significant mortality in peripartum or postpartum patients. Clinicians must be able to identify the two, their differences, and start appropriate therapies immediately.
The basics of mechanical ventilation in adults
Authors: Pruitt Bill 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a complex, labor-intensive, often life-saving process that requires a knowledgeable team to manage. Nurses play a critical role in caring for adults receiving MV. Therefore, they need to know about all aspects of providing ventilatory support. This article reviews the basics of MV, describes how mechanical ventilators operate, and discusses mechanical ventilator management and the practical aspects of caring for adults requiring MV.
Implementing a patient acuity tool
Authors: Johnson Kari , Haines Jamie , Woock Lisa , Madden Brittany , Sundstrom Gina , Razo Sherry 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
This study aimed to assess the acceptability, relevance, and effectiveness of a patient acuity tool (PAT) among part-time and full-time RNs.

Methods:
A pre- and post-test intervention was used to evaluate a PAT among part-time and full-time RNs on a 28-bed telemetry unit at a Magnet®-designated hospital. An eight-item PAT questionnaire measured nurse acceptability. Relevance was evaluated using the RN Opinion of Relevance of Concepts of the PAT Questionnaire, and effectiveness was evaluated using the RN Opinion of Effectiveness of the PAT Questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 22/33 (66.6%) RNs participated and completed the PAT questionnaire that measured nurse acceptability of the PAT assessment process. Statistically significant differences were demonstrated between two out of eight variables pre-post intervention; “the way we currently evaluate patient acuity assists the charge nurse in making nurse-patient assignments” (t 3.070, df 22, P = .006), “the way we currently evaluate patient acuity is an accurate assessment of acuity” (t 2.390, df 22, P = .026).

Conclusion:
Acuity tools should be specific for a nursing unit and adapt to staffing and patient needs, which can include a change in a patient's condition, unexpected discharges and/or admissions, and psychosocial components.
Resource allocation
Authors: McConnell Paul , Einav Sharon 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and recent global recessions have brought to the forefront of the medical-political discussion the fact that medical resources are finite and have focused a spotlight on fair allocation and prioritization of healthcare resources describe why this review is timely and relevant.

Recent findings
This review presents past and present concepts related to the ethics of resource allocation. Included are discussions regarding the topics of who should determine resource allocation, what types of research require allocation, methods currently in use to determine what resources are appropriate and which should be prioritized.
describe the main themes in the literature covered by the article.

Summary
Models for resource allocation must differentiate between different types of resources, some of which may require early preparation or distribution. Local availability of specific resources, supplies and infrastructure must be taken into consideration during preparation. When planning for long durations of limited resource availability, the limitations of human resilience must also be considered. Preparation also requires information regarding the needs of the specific population at hand (e.g. age distributions, disease prevalence) and societal preferences must be acknowledged within possible limits.
The Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Traumatic Hip Fractures: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bloom David A. , Lin Charles C. , Manzi Joseph E. , Mojica Edward S. , Telgheder Zachary L. , Chapman Cary B. , Konda Sanjit R. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
To compare the efficacy of different dosages of intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA) in the treatment of traumatic hip fractures against that of the control group of no TXA.

Data Sources:
This study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to perform a network meta-analysis on the use of TXA for the treatment of hip fractures. The study team used Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Reviews, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to perform the search. Studies that were published in English between the years 2010 and 2020 were selected.

Study Selection/Data Extraction:
For inclusion in this study, selected articles were required to be randomized controlled trials with at least 1 control group that had no antifibrinolytic intervention to serve as a control, and IV formulations of TXA were used as part of the treatment group. Furthermore, all study participants must have undergone surgical intervention for traumatic hip fractures. Studies that did not immediately meet criteria for inclusion were saved for a review by the full investigating team and were included based on consensus.

Data Synthesis:
All statistical analyses conducted for this study were performed using R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Network meta-analyses were conducted with a frequentist approach with a random-effects model using the netmeta package version 0.9–6 in R. The frequentist equivalent to surface under the cumulative ranking probabilities, termed “P score,” was used to rank different treatments.

Conclusion:
The use of TXA in the surgical management of traumatic hip fractures reduces the number of transfusions and perioperative blood loss, with minimal to no increased incidence of thrombotic events when compared with those in controls. When comparing formulations, no route of administration is clearly superior in reducing perioperative blood loss.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of mycology between different types of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jiang Rong-San , Su Mao-Chang 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The aim of this study was to culture fungi from the nasal discharge of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) using both a traditional and Ponikau et al’s method, and subsequently compare the culture results between CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNPs), and between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRS.

Methods:
Eighty-one CRS patients with CRS who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled. Before surgery, the severity of each patient’s CRS was evaluated through an endoscopic examination and CT scan. Swab samples were collected from the middle meatus for traditional fungal cultures using cotton-tipped sticks. Afterward, the ipsilateral nasal cavity was irrigated, with the irrigated fluid processed using Ponikau et al’s method for fungal culture.

Results:
The endoscopic and CT scores were significantly higher in CRSwNPs than CRSsNPs, but were not different between eosinophilic CRS and noneosinophilic CRS. Using Ponikau et al’s method, 61/81 (75.3%) of the specimens grew fungi. Among them, 20 of 32 (62.5%) CRSwNPs specimens and 41 of 49 (83.7%) CRSsNPs specimens grew fungi. For eosinophilic CRS specimens, 35 of 46 (76.1%) grew fungi, and 26 of 35 (74.3%) noneosinophilic CRS specimens grew fungi. The fungal culture rate was borderline significantly higher in CRSsNPs than CRSwNPs (p = 0.058) but was not significantly different between eosinophilic CRS and noneosinophilic CRS (p = 1). However, Cladosporium was significantly more common in CRSsNPs than CRSwNPs (p = 0.048).

Conclusion:
Our results showed that the mycology of CRS was different between CRSwNPs and CRSsNPs.
Quality of Anticoagulation With Phenprocoumon and Warfarin in Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Schlöglhofer Thomas , Marschütz Angelika , Combs Pamela , Stonebraker Corinne , Lupo Sydney , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Riebandt Julia , Schima Heinrich , Zimpfer Daniel , Meehan Karen 
Published: February 2023

Anticoagulation in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients is essential to prevent hemocompatibility-related adverse events (HRAEs) but is challenging due to individual variability in dose-response and the small therapeutic window. Primary outcomes were international normalized ratio (INR) time in therapeutic range (TTR) and percentage of tests in range over 1 year after the first follow-up visit (FFUV), and secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and HRAEs risk factors among phenprocoumon and warfarin users. This retrospective, multicenter study included 179 patients (age: 57.4 ± 11.8 years; female: 23.5%; HeartMate 3/HVAD: 50.8%/49.2%) implanted at the Medical University of Vienna (n = 102 phenprocoumon) and University of Chicago (n = 77 warfarin). Phenprocoumon users had a significantly higher TTR (64.9 ± 16.1% vs. 37.7 ± 21.8%, p < 0.001). One year survival (p = 0.65) and freedom from HRAE (p = 0.54) were comparable for both drugs. A multivariate analysis associated female gender (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–4.11; p = 0.021), no beta blockers at FFUV (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.03–4.52; p = 0.042), gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) preimplant (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.32–9.45; p = 0.018), and time between INR tests (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99; p = 0.03) with a higher risk of HRAEs. To conclude, phenprocoumon versus warfarin users had better anticoagulation quality. Female gender, longer time between INR tests, no beta blockers at FFUV, and GIB preimplant were independent risk factors for HRAEs during LVAD support.

Visual Abstract:
Summary of key results. INR, international normalized ratio; TTR, time in therapeutic range; PTR, percentage of tests in range; HRAE, hemocompatibility-related adverse event; FFUV, first follow-up visit; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; HR, hazard ratio.

http://links.lww.com/ASAIO/A961
Imaging of the biliary tract
Authors: Iorio Pauline , Vanderbecq Quentin , Mouhadi Sanaâ El , Arrivé Lionel 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has become the reference examination for the exploration of the biliary tract and has replaced endoscopic cholangiography for the analysis of the biliary tract because of its equivalent performance and its noninvasive character.

Recent findings
Based on the International Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) Study Group recommendations for MR imaging in PSC, two protocols can be distinguished for the imaging of biliary tract: a basic protocol and a more complete protocol. It is essential to know the main pitfalls in order not to wrongly describe biliary anomalies. In addition to the excellent performance of MR imaging with MRCP in analyzing the anatomy and the anomalies of the biliary tree, complementary techniques have recently been developed. Several MR prognostic factors have been described. New hepato-specific contrast agents are now available for assessment of the general and segmental liver function. MR Elastography and Diffusion-weighted MR sequences are accurate to evaluate the degree of hepatic fibrosis. Finally, images obtained in MRCP can be postprocessed by a software that will analyze and model the biliary tree in order to quantitatively evaluate the biliary system.

Summary
Magnetic resonance imaging with its recent developments becomes by now an essential tool for the evaluation of biliary diseases
A MODIFIED SURGICAL SEPSIS MODEL SATISFYING SEPSIS-3 AND HAVING HIGH CONSISTENCY OF MORTALITY
Authors: Wang Jiebo , Liao Lianming , Chen Ying , Chen Liji , Lai Zhongmeng , Zhang Liangcheng 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) is currently considered the criterion standard model of sepsis; however, there are some deficiencies, such as low clinical relevance, inconsistency in severity grading, and an unknown proportion of CLP animals meeting the requirements of sepsis-3. Methods: Adult rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: modified CLP (M-CLP) group, CLP group, and sham group. The vital organ function of rats was evaluated 24 hours postoperatively by blood pressure, behavioral testing, histopathology, and blood test. Cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and T-cell suppression was assessed by flow cytometry. The stability of the model was evaluated by comparing the survival rates of repeated experiments in all groups from day 1 to day 14. Results: More rats in the M-CLP group met Sepsis-3 criteria than those in the CLP group 24 hours postoperatively (53.1% vs. 21.9%, P = 0.01). Rats in the M-CLP group developed more serious hepatic, pulmonary, and renal dysfunction. Similar to human sepsis, rats in the M-CLP group demonstrated more serious immunosuppression and systemic inflammation compared with the CLP group. In addition, disease development and severity, which was indicated by the stable survival rates of model animals, were more stable in the M-CLP group. Conclusions: More rats could meet Sepsis-3 criteria with this novel surgical procedure, which may reduce the number of animals needed in preclinical sepsis experiments. This stable M-CLP model may contribute to the development of new therapies.