bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative chemotherapy use and survival in non-high-risk young and high-risk old-aged patients with stage II colon cancer
Authors: Jin Tian , Zhu Yingshuang , Lu Wei , Le Chenqin , Wang Lijuan , Xiao Qian , Ding Kefeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Intensive postoperative chemotherapy treatment use in early-onset colon cancer and late-onset colon cancer remains to be defined and their effects on prognosis were unclear. This study aims to investigate whether intensive adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer would result in matched survival improvement in young patients (< 50 years) without risk factors and old-aged (70–85 years) patients with risk factors defined by guidelines.

Methods
We extracted eligible patients with pathologically confirmed TNM stage II colon cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2015. Patients aged < 50 years old without risk factors were defined as non-high-risk early-onset colon cancer (non-HREOCC), and those aged 70 to 85 years with risk factors were defined as high-risk late-onset colon cancer (HRLOCC). Kaplan–Meier (KM) method with log-rank test was performed to calculate the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Multivariate Cox model was used to estimate the association of adjuvant chemotherapy with CSS by adjusting potential confounding factors.

Results
Of 55,366 eligible stage II colon cancer patients, 3341 non-HREOCC patients and 11,722 HRLOCC patients were included. 37.68% and 16.8% of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy among non-HREOCC and HRLOCC patients, respectively. For non-HREOCC patients, there was no significant association between adjuvant chemotherapy and CSS (HR = 1.09, 95%CI0.83–1.44). For HRLOCC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a better CSS (HR = 0.88, 95%CI0.79–0.99).

Conclusion
Our findings suggested that potential overuse of adjuvant chemotherapy among non-high-risk young patients with stage II colon cancer did not lead to survival improvement, and caution should be called when using chemotherapy in these patients. However, chemotherapy can be used appropriately for high-risk stage II colon cancer patients aged 70 to 85 years.
Twilight of the Godlings
Authors: Young Francis 
Published: March 2023

Throughout the recorded history of Britain, belief in earthbound spirits presiding over nature, the home and human destiny has been a feature of successive cultures. From the localised deities of Britannia to the Anglo-Saxons' elves and the fairies of late medieval England, Britain's godlings have populated a shadowy, secretive realm of ritual and belief running parallel to authorised religion. Twilight of the Godlings delves deep into the elusive history of these supernatural beings, tracing their evolution from the pre-Roman Iron Age to the end of the Middle Ages. Arguing that accreted cultural assumptions must be cast aside in order to understand the godlings – including the cherished idea that these folkloric creatures are the decayed remnants of pagan gods and goddesses – this bold, revisionist book traces Britain's 'small gods' to a popular religiosity influenced by classical learning. It offers an exciting new way of grasping the island's most mysterious mythical inhabitants.
Impact of specialty on the self-reported practice of using oral antibiotic therapy for definitive treatment of bloodstream infections
Authors: Marcelin Jasmine R. , Keintz Mackenzie R. , Ma Jihyun , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Alexander Bryan T. , Bergman Scott J. , Miller Molly M. , Stohs Erica J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
No established guidelines exist regarding the role of oral antibiotic therapy (OAT) to treat bloodstream infections (BSIs), and practices may vary depending on clinician specialty and experience.

Objective:
To assess practice patterns regarding oral antibiotic use for treatment of bacteremia in infectious diseases clinicians (IDCs, including physicians and pharmacists and trainees in these groups) and non–infectious diseases clinicians (NIDCs).

Design:
Open-access survey.

Participants:
Clinicians caring for hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics.

Methods:
An open-access, web-based survey was distributed to clinicians at a Midwestern academic medical center using e-mail and to clinicians outside the medical center using social media. Respondents answered questions regarding confidence prescribing OAT for BSI in different scenarios. We used χ2 analysis for categorical data evaluated association between responses and demographic groups.

Results:
Of 282 survey responses, 82.6% of respondents were physicians, 17.4% pharmacists, and IDCs represented 69.2% of all respondents. IDCs were more likely to select routine use of OAT for BSI due to gram-negative anaerobes (84.6% vs 59.8%; P < .0001), Klebsiella spp (84.5% vs 69.0%; P < .009), Proteus spp (83.6% vs 71.3%; P < .027), and other Enterobacterales (79.5% vs 60.9%; P < .004). Our survey results revealed significant differences in selected treatment of Staphylococcus aureus syndromes. Fewer IDCs than NIDCs selected OAT to complete treatment for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) BSI due to gluteal abscess (11.9% vs 25.6%; P = .012) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) BSI due to septic arthritis (13.9% vs 20.9%; P = .219).

Conclusions:
Practice variation and discordance with evidence for the use of OAT for BSIs exists among IDCs versus NIDCs, highlighting opportunities for education in both clinician groups.
How do we overcome the current limitations of environmental bioelectronic sensors?
Authors: Chakrabarty Samit , Yin Heyu 
Published: March 2023

There are a number of concerns with the use of bioelectronic sensors for environmental monitoring:

1.
Durability: Bioelectronic sensors can be vulnerable to physical damage and degradation from exposure to harsh environmental conditions.

2.
Interference: Bioelectronic sensors can be susceptible to interference from other electrical signals or devices, leading to inaccurate readings.

3.
Power supply: Bioelectronic sensors often require a power source to operate, which can be a challenge in remote or inaccessible locations.

4.
Sensitivity: Bioelectronic sensors can be sensitive to a wide range of environmental variables, making it difficult to isolate the specific signals of interest.

5.
Data processing: Bioelectronic sensors generate substantial amounts of data, which can be challenging to process, analyse, and interpret.

6.
Cost: Bioelectronic sensors can be expensive to manufacture, maintain, and replace, which can limit their widespread deployment.

7.
Biofouling: Bioelectronic sensors can be susceptible to fouling or build-up of biological material on their surfaces, reducing their performance over time.
Modeling the wall shear stress in large-eddy simulation using graph neural networks
Authors: Dupuy Dorian , Odier Nicolas , Lapeyre Corentin , Papadogiannis Dimitrios 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the Reynolds number increases, the large-eddy simulation (LES) of complex flows becomes increasingly intractable because near-wall turbulent structures become increasingly small. Wall modeling reduces the computational requirements of LES by enabling the use of coarser cells at the walls. This paper presents a machine-learning methodology to develop data-driven wall-shear-stress models that can directly operate, a posteriori, on the unstructured grid of the simulation. The model architecture is based on graph neural networks. The model is trained on a database which includes fully developed boundary layers, adverse pressure gradients, separated boundary layers, and laminar–turbulent transition. The relevance of the trained model is verified a posteriori for the simulation of a channel flow, a backward-facing step and a linear blade cascade.
The Association Between Music Preferences and Well-Being After the Fukushima Disaster: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yoneshiro Akira , Takebayashi Yoshitake , Murakami Michio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:Those affected by the Fukushima disaster have reported a decline in well-being. Although listening to music is expected to promote well-being, no study has revealed this association after a disaster. This study’s objective is to clarify the association between well-being and music listening habits in the aftermath of the Fukushima disaster.Methods:A self-report online survey was conducted with 420 residents who were asked to rate 5 types of well-being: life satisfaction, positive emotion, negative emotion, psychological distress, and mental health changes after the Fukushima disaster. To meet inclusion criteria, the participants had to be research company monitors between the ages of 20 and 59 and living in Fukushima Prefecture at the time of the survey. Their music listening habits (eg, recent favorite music) and demographic information (eg, evacuation experience due to the disaster: 20.7%) were also collected. We examined the associations between well-being and music listening habits by univariate analysis followed by a logistic analysis with an adjustment for covariates.Results:Positive emotions were significantly associated with any type of music listening habits that participants practiced. We also observed gender and age differences between the associations.Conclusion:This study provides foundational insights into the role of music in improving post-disaster well-being.
Reduced hack and squirt treatment with aminocyclopyrachlor and aminopyralid for invasive shrub control
Authors: Enloe Stephen F. , Leary James K. , Lastinger Cody , Lauer Dwight K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvasive shrubs often present extremely difficult challenges for individual plant treatment approaches due to multiple basal stems with complex branching patterns. Basal bark and cut stump individual plant treatments have been the standard methods for managing large-statured shrubs, while hack and squirt has been disregarded as operationally too difficult. However, hack and squirt is a more discriminant treatment technique that may lead to a reduction in herbicide use. Here, we evaluated the speed, herbicide use, and performance of a reduced hack and squirt approach using single hacks per stem injected with 0.5 ml of either aminocyclopyrachlor (240 g L−1) or aminopyralid (240 g L−1) against conventional low-volume basal bark treatment with triclopyr ester (96 g L−1) and cut stump treatment with triclopyr amine (180 g L−1). The experiments were conducted on three subtropical shrub species: Eugenia uniflora, Lagerstroemia indica, and Schinus terebinthifolia. Across species, we found the reduced hack and squirt approach resulted in comparable treatment efficacy to basal bark and cut stump treatment, was faster than cut stump treatment, and used less herbicide and carrier than basal bark treatment. A single hack per stem is a significant shift for hack and squirt treatment, which typically employs a narrow or continuous spacing of hacks around the entire circumference of each stem. Future work should seek to clarify the applicability of this approach over a wide range of invasive shrubs.
The Rush to Personalize: Power Concentration after Failed Coups in Dictatorships
Authors: Timoneda Joan C. , Escribà-Folch Abel , Chin John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow do failed coups influence power personalization in dictatorships? While scholars have studied the mechanisms of personalism in dictatorships in detail, little attention has been paid to the timing and determinants of surges in personalism levels. In this article, we propose that personalism can evolve non-linearly, and show that large, quite rapid increases in personalization by dictators occur after a failed coup attempt. The logic is that failed coups are information-revealing events that provide the dictator with strong motives and ample opportunities to accumulate power. The leader uses this window of opportunity to rapidly consolidate his power at the expense of the ruling coalition. We test the theory using time-series, cross-sectional data on dictatorships in 114 countries in the period between 1946 and 2010. Two placebo tests indicate that disruptive events by regime outsiders – failed assassination attempts and civil war onsets – do not promote the rush to personalize.
LIBERTY AND ITS EXCEPTIONS
Authors: Graham Lewis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArticle 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights enshrines the right to liberty, one of the oldest and most fundamental rights in the human rights tradition, and one of the core rights in the Convention. Central to the judicial understanding of Article 5 is the ‘exhaustive justification principle’: unlike with other rights, such as the right to privacy, interferences with liberty can only be justified by one of the specific reasons listed in Article 5 itself. This article shows that this rigidity has posed problems in practice: faced with modern developments unforeseeable at the time of the Convention's writing, such as the use of novel policing techniques and the COVID-19 pandemic, judges have interpreted Article 5 in an unusual and artificial way, sacrificing the exhaustive justification principle in doing so, in order to achieve sensible outcomes. The integrity of Article 5 has been threatened, with serious consequences for the future protection of the right to liberty. This trend is explained, evidenced and evaluated, and some (partial) solutions and concessions are considered.
Explaining region creation conflicts in Ghana
Authors: Penu Dennis Amego Korbla 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTFor the first time in its history, Ghana held a referendum in 2018 to divide some of its regions to create new ones. Though the regions are purely administrative, the division faced resistance in some areas and not in others. This study combines qualitative comparative analysis with process tracing to show that the resistance occurred within regions with relatively high support for the opposition party, but only in the combined presence of (traditional) elites competing from either side of the region and controversies regarding claims to (traditional) political authority. Further, it finds a bottom-up mechanism of the resistance, evolving as the threatened interests of stakeholders grew from the community to the regional, national and diaspora levels. As in other African cases, this suggests that the sources of conflicts in Africa are not so much about ethnic differences but more about elites’ unequal access to political and economic resources.
Predicting depressed and elevated mood symptomatology in bipolar disorder using brain functional connectomes
Authors: Sankar Anjali , Shen Xilin , Colic Lejla , Goldman Danielle A. , Villa Luca M. , Kim Jihoon A. , Pittman Brian , Scheinost Dustin , Constable R. Todd , Blumberg Hilary P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe study is aimed to identify brain functional connectomes predictive of depressed and elevated mood symptomatology in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) using the machine learning approach Connectome-based Predictive Modeling (CPM).MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 81 adults with BD while they performed an emotion processing task. CPM with 5000 permutations of leave-one-out cross-validation was applied to identify functional connectomes predictive of depressed and elevated mood symptom scores on the Hamilton Depression and Young Mania rating scales. The predictive ability of the identified connectomes was tested in an independent sample of 43 adults with BD.ResultsCPM predicted the severity of depressed [concordance between actual and predicted values (r= 0.23,pperm (permutation test)= 0.031) and elevated (r= 0.27,pperm= 0.01) mood. Functional connectivity of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area nodes, with inter- and intra-hemispheric connections to other anterior and posterior cortical, limbic, motor, and cerebellar regions, predicted depressed mood severity. Connectivity of left fusiform and right visual association area nodes with inter- and intra-hemispheric connections to the motor, insular, limbic, and posterior cortices predicted elevated mood severity. These networks were predictive of mood symptomatology in the independent sample (r⩾ 0.45,p= 0.002).ConclusionsThis study identified distributed functional connectomes predictive of depressed and elevated mood severity in BD. Connectomes subserving emotional, cognitive, and psychomotor control predicted depressed mood severity, while those subserving emotional and social perceptual functions predicted elevated mood severity. Identification of these connectome networks may help inform the development of targeted treatments for mood symptoms.
Legal Limbo and Caste Consternation: Determining Kayasthas’ Varna Rank in Indian Law Courts, 1860–1930
Authors: Bellenoit Hayden J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores how colonial law in India interacted with the construction of caste rank (varna) between 1860 and 1930. It specifically tracks contestations over Kayasthas’ legal varna rank in northern and eastern India through various inheritance disputes, threading them together to shed light on how courts sought to anchor their interpretations of Hindu law around the Indian jurisprudential conceptions of varna. It examines the successes and failures of Kayasthas to have favorable legal rulings that would uphold their status as “twice-born”/dvija, demonstrating that colonial law was limited in its ability (and often indifferent) to construct caste ranks. Inconsistent ruling in provincial courts pushed Kayasthas to seek taxonomic recognition as “twice-born” in the colonial census, demonstrating how colonial law and taxonomy intersected in novel ways. This article argues that by taking a novel approach to Indian social history through the prism of law, we can enrich our understanding of how modern notions of caste and social rank were constructed in colonial India.
EFL learners dropping out of blended language learning classes: A replication of Stracke (2007)
Authors: Stracke Elke , Nguyen Giang Hong , Nguyen Vinh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudies with an explicit focus on dropouts in blended language learning (BLL) are rare and non-existent in the Asian context. This study replicates the early qualitative interview study by Stracke (2007), who explored why foreign language learners drop out of a BLL class. While the 2007 study was carried out in the German higher education context, we conducted this study at a university in Vietnam, where we conducted semi-structured interviews with five students who had left their blended English course after the first semester of study. Our findings indicate that the successful complementarity and integration of the blend components, the crucial role of teacher support and feedback within a learner-centred environment, interactive learning materials, a high level of interaction, and a good relationship between students and teachers are key for students’ perception of a successful blended class and retention. The lack of complementarity between the components of the blend remains a major reason for students’ dissatisfaction that resulted in them leaving the course in both the 2007 study and this study. Our study allows for a deep understanding of the reasons why Vietnamese EFL students leave a BLL course, thus providing some evidence for pedagogical adjustments for the delivery of current BLL classes in Vietnam and similar contexts. Understanding the reasons why students drop out can help improve the effectiveness of these programs and lead to higher retention rates, a reduction of costs (both financial but also emotional), an increase in student satisfaction, and a better student experience.
A clinical study on the effect of peperidone combined with cognitive behavioral therapy on symptoms of schizophrenia
Authors: Ren Dan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a common mental disease in clinic, which is a mental disorder with slow loss of function and decline. Schizophrenia is usually treated with drugs, such as risperidone. However, with the increase of schizophrenic patients and the enhancement of drug resistance, the effect of drug treatment alone has declined. Cognitive behavior therapy is a widely used psychotherapy method to treat mental disorders, which can be seen as a combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy can change individual behavior by adjusting individual cognition, and reconstruct individual irrational cognition through training. Therefore, the study will combine cognitive behavior therapy with risperidone to treat schizophrenia patients for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Subjects and MethodsIn this experiment, 98 schizophrenics in a hospital were selected as the research object. 45 of them were treated with risperidone alone, which was regarded as group A. The other 53 patients were treated with cognitive behavioral therapy on the basis of risperidone, and were regarded as group B. The basic data of the two groups were compared, such as age, sex, etc., to ensure the feasibility of this experiment. At the same time, the cognitive functions of the two groups were compared. Before and after treatment, a cognitive ability test consensus scale was used to quantify the cognitive abilities of patients. SPSS21.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The results were shown in Figure 1.Figure 1.Scores of cognitive abilities before and after treatmentResultsCognitive dysfunction is an independent core symptom of schizophrenia. From the experimental results, the score of group B before treatment was 42±7.61, which was higher than 41.57±6.25 of group A, but lower than 50.47±7.65 of group A after treatment, which was 47.21±8.45. Among them, the scores of most indicators such as connectivity, visual learning, and social cognition in group B were higher than those in group A before treatment, but all indicators were lower than those in group A after treatment. To sum up, the method of risperidone combined with cognitive behavioral therapy selected in the study has certain effectiveness in alleviating the cognitive disorder of psychiatric patients, and can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia patients.ConclusionsThe cognitive impairment of schizophrenic patients has been paid more and more attention. In the actual work process, schizophrenics often show behaviors such as denying illness or refusing to take medicine, which will further aggravate their illness. Therefore, on the basis of the use of risperidone, combined with cognitive behavioral therapy, it can strengthen patients’ self-cognition, overcome their bad mentality, enhance patients’ attention to drug treatment, improve drug compliance, improve negative symptoms, and achieve treatment goals. It has high practicability in clinic.