bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Appraisal of the Whack‐a‐Mole and Swivel Chair Signs in the Diagnosis of Functional Movement Disorders
Authors: Lagrand Tjerk J. , Brusse‐Keizer Marjolein , Charmley Andrew , Edwards Mark J. , Tijssen Marina A.J. , Lehn Alexander C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe demonstration of positive signs during neurological examination is a cornerstone of the diagnosis of functional movement disorders, however, the available data supporting the diagnostic value of some of these signs is limited.ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic value (sensitivity and specificity) of the “whack‐a‐mole” (WAM) and “swivel chair” (SC) tests in patients with functional movement disorders (FMD).MethodsWe enrolled patients with functional and organic movements in the WAM test if they exhibited tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, chorea, or tics. For the SC test, patients with a gait disorder as their primary impairment were recruited. Two blinded movement disorder specialists rated the presence of these signs in edited videos.ResultsInclusion criteria were met by 42 patients with FMD and 65 patients with organic movement disorders. Both tests demonstrated high specificity (means, 78% and 96%), but their sensitivity was low (means, 52% and 37%). Interobserver agreement for the WAM sign was 0.77 in the FMD group, against 0.28 in patients with organic movement disorders, whereas for the SC sign was 0.69 in both groups.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that physicians must be cautious in the application and interpretation of these clinical signs in the diagnosis of functional movement disorders, and they should be carefully considered and used as necessary.
Incorporating the effect of white matter microstructure in the estimation of magnetic susceptibility in ex vivo mouse brain
Authors: Sandgaard Anders Dyhr , Kiselev Valerij G. , Henriques Rafael Neto , Shemesh Noam , Jespersen Sune Nørhøj 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo extend quantitative susceptibility mapping to account for microstructure of white matter (WM) and demonstrate its effect on ex vivo mouse brain at 16.4T.Theory and MethodsPrevious studies have shown that the MRI measured Larmor frequency also depends on local magnetic microstructure at the mesoscopic scale. Here, we include effects from WM microstructure using our previous results for the mesoscopic Larmor frequency of cylinders with arbitrary orientations. We scrutinize the validity of our model and QSM in a digital brain phantom including from a WM susceptibility tensor and biologically stored iron with scalar susceptibility. We also apply susceptibility tensor imaging to the phantom and investigate how the fitted tensors are biased from . Last, we demonstrate how to combine multi‐gradient echo and diffusion MRI images of ex vivo mouse brains acquired at 16.4T to estimate an apparent scalar susceptibility without sample rotations.ResultsOur new model improves susceptibility estimation compared to QSM for the brain phantom. Applying susceptibility tensor imaging to the phantom with from WM axons with scalar susceptibility produces a highly anisotropic susceptibility tensor that mimics results from previous susceptibility tensor imaging studies. For the ex vivo mouse brain we find the due to WM microstructure to be substantial, changing susceptibility in WM up to 25% root‐mean‐squared‐difference.Conclusion impacts susceptibility estimates and biases susceptibility tensor imaging fitting substantially. Hence, it should not be neglected when imaging structurally anisotropic tissue such as brain WM.
Gefahr für Universitäten: Angriff aus dem Cyberspace
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCyberangriffe können eine Universität oder ein Forschungsinstitut vollständig lahmlegen. Mit jedem Fall wächst aber auch die Verteidigungsfähigkeit: Universitäten stärken ihre Forschung zur IT‐Sicherheit.
Identification of enteral nutrition errors in a single‐center quality‐improvement audit
Authors: Schwarz Elise , Nass Olivia , Giocondo Vanessa , Kozeniecki Schneider Michelle L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) therapy is a multistep process including evaluation, prescription, procurement, dispensing, labeling, administration, and monitoring. EN therapy is prone to human errors, but these are poorly defined in the literature. The purpose of this study was to audit EN administration practices to quantify errors of execution and identify which components of the EN order were labeled, administered, or documented incorrectly.MethodsOn 2 nonconsecutive days, we identified all hospitalized patients with active EN orders and prospectively collected the following information: EN formula hanging/documented, formula hang time, infusion rate/documented rate (continuous EN), infused volume and documented schedule (intermittent EN), and EN modular documentation. Mismatches to the EN order were considered errors. We reviewed 1 month of hospital EN‐related safety events for comparison.ResultsOf 1045 data points collected from 160 patients, we identified 275 errors of execution: 135 labeling errors and 140 administration errors. The most common were hang time >48 h (85%), wrong number of modulars documented (48%), and wrong infusion rate (19%). We found one reported safety event (wrong formula delivered but not infused).ConclusionWe identified a 15.9% error rate in EN order execution/documentation and 14% compliance with documentation of 48‐h hang time. Errors (safety events) were grossly underreported. This highlighted several areas of opportunity to improve current EN use process, consistent with previous research on EN and oral nutrition supplement administration. Based on our findings, we plan to recommend implementation of EN barcoding at our institution, to model the familiar medication administration record.
Preparation of high‐hydrophobic polyvinyl alcohol‐based composite aerogel fibers containing organosilicon for effective thermal insulation
Authors: Sun Tao , Zhang Weiwei , Liu Yixuan , Xu Wanrong , Sun Jun , Wang Jianjun , Qin Chuanxiang , Dai Lixing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aerogel fibers exhibit encouraging potential as thermal insulation materials, but their hydrophilicity easily results in severe collapse of the aerogel pore structure. Therefore, hydrophobic modification of PVA aerogel fibers is of significance to their structural stability and durability. Here, a novel process was proposed to continuously generate high‐hydrophobic PVA‐based composite aerogel fibers containing polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) by introducing methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) through freeze‐thawing, freeze‐spinning, and freeze‐drying processes. With optimized freezing time and MTMS content, the PVA‐based composite solution showed good spinnability, and the resulting PVA/PMSQ (PVASi) aerogel fibers were endowed with markedly enhanced hydrophobicity and excellent weavability due to sufficient mechanical properties. Most importantly, the aerogel fibers possessed excellent hydrophobic structural stability after 12 h or 50‐cycle soaking and 50‐cycle washing. Benefiting from these superior characteristics, the aerogel fibers were demonstrated to be effective thermal insulators in high humidity (>90% relative humidity) and after washing for 50 cycles.
Functionalized semi‐crystalline polyethylene with polar groups at branch end enabled by bulky cationic palladium catalysts
Authors: Wu Xinyue , Zou Wenping , Dai Shengyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers is the most direct and efficient way to prepare polar functionalized polyethylene. Generally, the classical Brookhart type α‐diimine Pd(II) catalysts produced hyperbranched functionalized polyethylene with polar groups at the branch ends, which turns out to be amorphous polymer materials. In this contribution, we described the synthesis and characterization of three bulky diarylmethyl α‐diimine ligands and the corresponding Pd(II) complexes. Lightly branched (21–27/1000C) polyethylenes with high molecular weights (317.8–640.0 kg/mol) and high melting points (94–101°C) were prepared using these Pd(II) complexes at high activities (well above 105 g/mol.h). The resulting polyethylene materials exhibited high stress (23.8‐34.3 MPa) and high strain (559–839%) at break values with typical properties of thermoplastics. Polar functionalized semi‐crystalline polyethylenes with moderate incorporation ratios (0.35–2.99 mol%) and high melting points (84–109°C) were prepared using complexes Pd1‐3 in the copolymerization of ethylene with several polar comonomers (methyl acrylate and 10‐undecenoic acid and 10‐methyl undecanoate). The 1H and 13C NMR spectral analysis revealed that these polar functionalized polyethylenes have a low branching density (19–34/1000C) and are predominantly methyl‐branched, with polar groups located at the end of the branches. In addition, the 4‐methoxy group on the ligands in this work would facilitate the insertion of polar monomers in the copolymerization of ethylene with various polar monomers.
Atmospheric water vapour transport in ACCESS‐S2 and the potential for enhancing skill of subseasonal forecasts of precipitation
Authors: Reid Kimberley J. , Hudson Debra , King Andrew D. , Lane Todd P. , Marshall Andrew G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtended warning of above‐average and extreme precipitation is valuable to a wide range of stakeholders. However, the sporadic nature of precipitation makes it difficult to forecast skilfully beyond one week. Subseasonal forecasting is a growing area of science that aims to predict average weather conditions multiple weeks in advance using dynamical models. Building on recent work in this area, we test the hypothesis that using large‐scale horizontal moisture transport as a predictor for precipitation may increase the forecast skill of the above‐median and high‐precipitation weeks on subseasonal time‐scales. We analysed retrospective forecast (hindcast) sets from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's latest operational subseasonal‐to‐seasonal forecasting model, ACCESS‐S2, to compare the forecast skill of precipitation using integrated water vapour transport (IVT) as a proxy, compared to using precipitation forecasts directly. We show that ACCESS‐S2 precipitation generally produces more skilful forecasts, except over some regions where IVT could be a useful additional diagnostic for warning of heavy precipitation events.
On the moral permissibility of robot apologies
Authors: Kureha Makoto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRobots that incorporate the function of apologizing have emerged in recent years. This paper examines the moral permissibility of making robots apologize. First, I characterize the nature of apology based on analyses conducted in multiple scholarly domains. Next, I present a prima facie argument that robot apologies are not permissible because they may harm human societies by inducing the misattribution of responsibility. Subsequently, I respond to a possible response to the prima facie objection based on the interpretation that attributing responsibility to a robot is analogous to having an attitude toward fiction. Then, I demonstrate that there are cases of robot apologies where the prima facie objection does not apply, by considering the following two points: (1) apology-related practices found in our human-to-human apologies, and (2) a difference in the degree of harm caused by robot failures and the resulting apologies. Finally, given the current norms governing our apology-related practices, I argue that some instances of making robots apologize are permissible, and I propose conducting critical robotics research questioning the validity of such norms.
Surface quality prediction by machine learning methods and process parameter optimization in ultra-precision machining of AISI D2 using CBN tool
Authors: Adizue Ugonna Loveday , Tura Amanuel Diriba , Isaya Elly Ogutu , Farkas Balázs Zsolt , Takács Márton 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh-quality machining is a crucial aspect of contemporary manufacturing technology due to the vast demand for precision machining for parts made from hardened tool steels and super alloys globally in the aerospace, automobile, and medical sectors. The necessity to upheave production efficiency and quality enhancement at minimum cost requires deep knowledge of this cutting process and development of machine learning-based modeling technique, adept in providing essential tools for design, planning, and incorporation in the machining processes. This research aims to develop a predictive surface roughness model and optimize its process parameters for ultra-precision hard-turning finishing operation. Ultra-precision hard-turning experiments were carried out on AISI D2 of HRC 62. The response surface method (RSM) was applied to understand the effect of process parameters on surface roughness and carry out optimization. Based on the data gained from experiments, machine learning models and algorithms were developed with support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian process relation (GPR), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of surface roughness. The results show that all machine learning models gave excellent predictive accuracy with an average MAPE value of 7.38%. The validation tests were also statistically significant, with ANFIS and ANN having MAPE values of 9.98% and 3.43%, respectively. Additional validation tests for the models with new experimental data indicate average R, RMSE, and MAPE values of 0.78, 0.19, and 36.17%, respectively, which are satisfactory. The RSM analysis shows that the feed is the most significant factor for minimizing surface roughness Rɑ, among the process parameters, with 92% influence, and optimal cutting conditions were found to be cutting speed = 100 m/min, feed = 0.025 mm/rev, and depth of cut = 0.09 mm, respectively. This finding can be helpful in the decision-making on process parameters in the precision machining industry.
Patient specific instrumentation in ACL reconstruction: a proof-of-concept cadaver experiment assessing drilling accuracy when using 3D printed guides
Authors: Zee Mark J. M. , Pijpker Peter A. J. , Kraeima Joep , Viddeleer Alain R. , Diercks Ronald L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Accurate positioning of the femoral tunnel in ACL reconstruction is of the utmost importance to reduce the risk of graft failure. Limited visibility during arthroscopy and a wide anatomical variance attribute to femoral tunnel malposition using conventional surgical techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a patient specific 3D printed surgical guide allows for in vitro femoral tunnel positioning within 2 mm of the planned tunnel position.

Materials and Methods
A patient specific guide for femoral tunnel positioning in ACL reconstruction was created for four human cadaveric knee specimens based on routine clinical MRI data. Fitting properties were judged by two orthopedic surgeons. MRI scanning was performed both pre- and post-procedure. The planned tunnel endpoint was compared to the actual drilled femoral tunnel.

Results
This patient specific 3D printed guide showed a mean deviation of 5.0 mm from the center of the planned femoral ACL origin.

Conclusion
In search to improve accuracy and consistency of femoral tunnel positioning in ACL reconstruction, the use of a patient specific 3D printed surgical guide is a viable option to explore further. The results are comparable to those of conventional techniques; however, further design improvements are necessary to improve accuracy and enhance reproducibility.
Ultrasound assessment of humeral shaft nonunion risk: a feasibility and proof of concept study
Authors: Oliver William M. , Nicholson Jamie A. , Bell Katrina R. , Carter Thomas H. , White Timothy O. , Clement Nicholas D. , Duckworth Andrew D. , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the feasibility and reliability of ultrasound in the assessment of humeral shaft fracture healing and estimate the accuracy of 6wk ultrasound in predicting nonunion.

Methods
Twelve adults with a non-operatively managed humeral shaft fracture were prospectively recruited and underwent ultrasound scanning at 6wks and 12wks post-injury. Seven blinded observers evaluated sonographic callus appearance to determine intra- and inter-observer reliability. Nonunion prediction accuracy was estimated by comparing images for patients that united (n = 10/12) with those that developed a nonunion (n = 2/12).

Results
The mean scan duration was 8 min (5–12) and all patients tolerated the procedure. At 6wks and 12wks, sonographic callus (SC) was present in 11 patients (10 united, one nonunion) and sonographic bridging callus (SBC) in seven (all united). Ultrasound had substantial intra- (weighted kappa: 6wk 0.75; 12wk 0.75) and inter-observer reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 6wk 0.60; 12wk 0.76). At 6wks, the absence of SC demonstrated sensitivity 50%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100% and negative predictive value (NPV) 91% in nonunion prediction (overall accuracy 92%). The absence of SBC demonstrated sensitivity 100%, specificity 70%, PPV 40% and NPV 100% in nonunion prediction (overall accuracy 75%). Of three patients at risk of nonunion (Radiographic Union Score for HUmeral fractures < 8), one had SBC on 6wk ultrasound (that subsequently united) and the others had non-bridging/absent SC (both developed nonunion).

Conclusions
Ultrasound assessment of humeral shaft fracture healing was feasible, reliable and may predict nonunion. Ultrasound could be useful in defining nonunion risk among patients with reduced radiographic callus formation.
Frontotemporal-spectrum disorders and functional independence in non-demented ALS patients
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Solca Federica , Torre Silvia , Gentile Francesco , Scheveger Francesco , Olivero Marco , Colombo Eleonora , Maranzano Alessio , Manzoni Martina , Morelli Claudia , Doretti Alberto , Verde Federico , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola , Poletti Barbara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed at determining whether, net of motor confounders, neuropsychological features affect functional independence (FI) in activities of daily living (ADLs) in non-demented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.

Methods
N = 88 ALS patients without frontotemporal dementia were assessed for FI—Katz’s Basic ADL Scale (BADL) and Lawton-Brody’s Instrumental ADL Scale (IADL)—, cognition—Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS)—and behaviour—Beaumont Behavioural Inventory and Dimensional Apathy Scale. The association between cognitive and behavioural measures and BADL/IADL scores was assessed by covarying for demographics, anxiety and depression levels, disease duration and motor confounders—i.e. ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) scores, progression rate and both King’s and Milano-Torino stages.

Results
Higher scores on the ECAS-Language were associated with higher IADL scores (p = 0.005), whilst higher apathetic features—as measured by the Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS)—were inversely related to the BADL (p = 0.003). Whilst IADL scores were related to all ECAS-Language tasks, the DAS-Initiation was the only subscale associated with BADL scores. Patients with abnormal ECAS-Language (p = 0.023) and DAS (p = 0.008) scores were more functionally dependent than those without.

Discussion
Among non-motor features, language changes and apathetic features detrimentally affect FI in non-demented ALS patients.
Neurologic outcomes for adult spinal cord ependymomas stratified by tumor location: a retrospective cohort study and 2-year outlook
Authors: Chee Keanu , Chatain Grégoire P. , Kortz Michael W. , Serva Stephanie , Shrestha Keshari , Ung Timothy H. , Witt Jens-Peter , Finn Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDetermine whether craniocaudal spinal cord tumor location affects long-term neurologic outcomes in adults diagnosed with spinal ependymomas (SE). A retrospective cohort analysis of patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent surgical resection for SE over a ten-year period was conducted. Tumor location was classified as cervical, thoracic, or lumbar/conus. Primary endpoints were post-operative McCormick Neurologic Scale (MNS) scores at < 3 days, 6 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years. One-way ANOVA was performed to detect significant differences in MNS scores between tumor locations. Twenty-eight patients were identified. The average age was 44.2 ± 15.4 years. Sixteen were male, and 13 were female. There were 10 cervical-predominant SEs, 13 thoracic-predominant SEs, and 5 lumbar/conus-predominant SEs. No significant differences were observed in pre-operative MNS scores between tumor locations (p = 0.73). One-way ANOVA testing demonstrated statistically significant differences in post-operative MNS scores between tumor locations at < 3 days (p = 0.03), 6 weeks (p = 0.009), and 1 year (p = 0.003); however, no significant difference was observed between post-operative MNS scores at 2 years (p = 0.13). The mean MNS score for patients with thoracic SEs were higher at all follow-up time points. Tumors arising in the thoracic SE are associated with worse post-operative neurologic outcomes in comparison to SEs arising in other spinal regions. This is likely multifactorial in etiology, owing to both anatomical differences including spinal cord volume as well as variations in tumor characteristics. No significant differences in 2-year MNS scores were observed, suggesting that patients ultimately recover from neurological insult sustained at the time of surgery.
Exploring automatic text-to-sign translation in a healthcare setting
Authors: Esselink Lyke , Roelofsen Floris , Dotlačil Jakub , Mende-Gillings Shani , de Meulder Maartje , Sijm Nienke , Smeijers Anika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCommunication between healthcare professionals and deaf patients has been particularly challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have explored the possibility to automatically translate phrases that are frequently used in the diagnosis and treatment of hospital patients, in particular phrases related to COVID-19, from Dutch or English to Dutch Sign Language (NGT). The prototype system we developed displays translations either by means of pre-recorded videos featuring a deaf human signer (for a limited number of sentences) or by means of animations featuring a computer-generated signing avatar (for a larger, though still restricted number of sentences). We evaluated the comprehensibility of the signing avatar, as compared to the human signer. We found that, while individual signs are recognized correctly when signed by the avatar almost as frequently as when signed by a human, sentence comprehension rates and clarity scores for the avatar are substantially lower than for the human signer. We identify a number of concrete limitations of the JASigning avatar engine that underlies our system. Namely, the engine currently does not offer sufficient control over mouth shapes, the relative speed and intensity of signs in a sentence (prosody), and transitions between signs. These limitations need to be overcome in future work for the engine to become usable in practice.