bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Silk Architectures Outperform Animal Horns in Strength and Toughness
Authors: Liu Yawen , Li Yushu , Wang Qiyue , Ren Jing , Ye Chao , Li Fangyuan , Ling Shengjie , Liu Yilun , Ling Daishun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStructural biomimicry is an intelligent approach for developing lightweight, strong, and tough materials (LSTMs). Current fabrication technologies, such as 3D printing and two‐photon lithography often face challenges in constructing complex interlaced structures, such as the sinusoidal crossed herringbone structure that contributes to the ultrahigh strength and fracture toughness of the dactyl club of peacock mantis shrimps. Herein, bioinspired LSTMs with laminated or herringbone structures is reported, by combining textile processing and silk fiber “welding” techniques. The resulting biomimetic silk LSTMs (BS‐LSTMs) exhibit a remarkable combination of lightweight with a density of 0.6–0.9 g cm−3, while also being 1.5 times stronger and 16 times more durable than animal horns. These findings demonstrate that BS‐LSTMs are among the toughest natural materials made from silk proteins. Finite element simulations further reveal that the fortification and hardening of BS‐LSTMs arise primarily from the hierarchical organization of silk fibers and mechanically transferable meso‐interfaces. This study highlights the rational, cost‐effective, controllable mesostructure, and transferable strategy of integrating textile processing and fiber “welding” techniques for the fabrication of BS‐LSTMs with advantageous structural and mechanical properties. These findings have significant implications for a wide range of applications in biomedicine, mechanical engineering, intelligent textiles, aerospace industries, and beyond.
A Review on the Progress in Core‐Spun Yarns (CSYs) Based Textile TENGs for Real‐Time Energy Generation, Capture and Sensing
Authors: Aliyana Akshaya Kumar , Stylios George 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis review is a critical analysis of the current state‐of‐the‐art in core spun yarn textile triboelectric nanogenerators (CSY‐T‐TENGs) for self‐powered smart sensing applications. The rapid expansion of wireless communication, flexible conductive materials, and wearable electronics over the last ten years is now demanding autonomous energy, which has created a new research space in the field of wearable T‐TENGs. Current research is exploring T‐TENGs made from CSYs as stable and reliable energy harvesters and sensing devices for modern wearable IoT platforms. CSY‐TENGs are emerging as an important technology due to its simple structure, low cost, and excellent performance in converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and due to its sensing ability. This paper provides a critical review on current progress, it analyzes the unique advantages of CSYs T‐TENGs over conventional T‐TENGs, it describes fabrication techniques and discusses the materials used along with their properties and electrical performance characteristics, and it highlights the recent advancements in their integration with self‐excitation circuits, charge storage devices and IoT‐enabled smart sensing applications, such as environmental and health monitoring. In the conclusion, it discusses the challenges and future directions of CSYs T‐TENGs and it provides a future road map for optimization, upscaling, and commercialization of the technology.
High‐Loaded Electrode Filaments for Additive Manufacturing of Structural Batteries
Authors: Park Soyeon , Cao Zhang , Sung Dae Han , Fu Kun Kelvin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe unique capability of 3D printing to create geometric complex structures presents a promising avenue for producing 3D electrodes aimed at enhancing power and energy densities within constrained spaces, which is challenging to achieve through traditional slurry casting methods. However, despite advancements over the years, 3D‐printed batteries have faced limitations in terms of mechanical robustness to endure significant volume changes during cycling and restricted electrochemical performance due to the lack of adequate electrode feedstock development or post‐processing treatments. Herein, a high‐loaded electrode filament with ≈65 wt.% fillers, enabling the fabrication of structural electrodes with improved electrochemical performance and superior mechanical properties, is developed. Through a combination of 3D printing and post‐processing techniques, interdigitated structures with high areal‐loading density, resulting in a full cell with an enhanced areal capacity of ≈12.28 mAh cm−2 at ≈0.92 mA cm−2 is fabricated. Moreover, the structural batteries, treated through the carbonizing process, are integrated by the carbon coating generated during carbonization, exhibiting remarkable compressive properties (with a modulus of 18.5 MPa and a strength of 1.09 MPa). Overall, the findings demonstrate the promising potential of 3D printed batteries for practical applications, while showcasing the scalability and design flexibility offered by 3D printing technology.
Assessing fertilizer nitrogen sources and application timing for water‐seeded rice systems
Authors: Cornelio Karla T. , Linquist Bruce A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn California's water‐seeded rice systems, both high yields and nitrogen (N) use efficiency are achieved when the pre‐plant N fertilizer (usually aqueous‐ammonia [aqua‐N]) is injected into a dry seedbed before flooding and planting. However, there are situations where applying N fertilizer in this manner is not possible. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative N management practices by testing different N sources and application times. In 2020, we tested 13 treatments and in 2021, six more treatments were added. The following N sources were evaluated: urea, ammonium sulfate, and three enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs). Application times for the EENFs, urea, and ammonium sulfate were one day after flooding and 2 weeks after flooding. Urea and ammonium sulfate were also applied in a four‐way split. In 2021, additional treatments were added with aqua‐N, ammonium sulfate, and urea applied before flooding, and urea applications at 3, 4, and 5 weeks after flooding. Grain yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE) were used for comparison. All fertilizer N treatments increased grain yields relative to the zero‐N control, which averaged 5093 kg ha−1. Applying aqua‐N or urea preplant to a dry soil resulted in the highest yields and ANUE. The EENF fertilizers performed similarly to or worse than urea applied alone. If the field was already flooded, splitting urea applications was the best option. Only one split N treatment was evaluated in this study; this warrants further research on fine‐tuning the best N splits for these systems.
Effects of conservation tillage with straw mulching on annual yield and water utilization in a winter wheat‐summer maize cropping system on the North China Plain
Authors: Ding Jinli , Du Ying , Hu Wei , Ding Dianyuan , Yang Yonghui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the combination of conservation tillage and straw mulching on water utilization is important for developing water management strategies in arid and semiarid areas. Few studies have investigated the effects of different tillage treatments on precipitation efficiency in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐summer maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems. A 3‐year field experiment with five treatments, that is, conventional tillage (CT), no‐tillage, no‐tillage with straw mulching (NT + S), subsoiling tillage, and subsoiling tillage with straw mulching (ST + S), was conducted. The objective was to investigate how conservation tillage with straw mulching affected soil water storage (SWC), precipitation storage efficiency (PSE), water consumption, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) in a winter wheat‐summer maize cropping system. The results indicated that the ST + S treatment increased SWC by 10.1% and 8.3% in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016, respectively. The average PSE over the 3 years under the ST + S treatment was significantly higher, by 9.1% and 6.6%, than that under the CT treatment during the respective wheat and maize seasons. Compared with CT, the average annual yield under the NT + S treatment and ST + S treatment increased by 8.5% and 14.4%, respectively. In the winter wheat‐summer maize system, the NT + S and ST + S treatments significantly increased the annual WUE and PUE. The annual average PUE under the ST + S treatment was significantly higher, by 14.1%, than that under CT over the 3 years. Therefore, the ST + S treatment was more beneficial than the other treatments for increasing yield, WUE and PUE in sandy loam soil on the North China Plain.
Spatial model selection and design evaluation in the Ethiopian sorghum breeding program
Authors: Tadese Diriba , Piepho Hans‐Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn plant breeding field experiments, proper statistical design and analysis improve precision of genotype comparisons. The focus of this study was to compare the precision of different spatial techniques in estimating genotypic effects using sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] breeding data from Ethiopia and to investigate alternative design strategies maintaining overall field layout of the current trials while modifying the blocking (replicate, rows, and columns) structures compared to the current practice. The current trials comprise both partially replicated and fully replicated row–column designs where the field layout has short rows and long columns. For model comparison, six partially replicated row–column trials and 10 fully replicated row–column trials of sorghum were used. Relative efficiency calculations for the designs indicate that in most of the trials, alpha designs with block sizes of five, six, 10 and 15, and the alternative row–column designs were more efficient than the current design practice. Moreover, overall model comparison showed that augmenting the baseline model by a two‐dimensional nonlinear spatial model plus nugget improves the precision, while the randomization‐based plus two‐dimensional linear variance model and the randomization based plus a two‐dimensional nonlinear spatial model are also good candidate models. If row and column coordinates are available for all plots, the post‐blocking approach used here can be used in any breeding program and crop to explore alternative design options.
Biochemical composition of cover crop residues determines water retention and rewetting characteristics
Authors: Meeks Carley , Cabrera Miguel , Thapa Resham , Noor Nadia , Mirsky Steven , Reberg‐Horton Chris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen cover crop residues are left on the soil surface, their decomposition is mainly influenced by environmental conditions in residue layers, particularly residue water potential (ψresidue). Thus, models for surface residue decomposition in conservation tillage systems should include a sub‐module that can simulate hourly changes in ψresidue using available weather variables. The main goal of this study was to collect data to further improve a previously developed sub‐module within the Cover Crop Nitrogen Calculator (CC‐NCALC) that simulates water content and ψresidue in cover crop residues left on the soil surface. Specific objectives were to (1) evaluate the effect of degree of residue decomposition on the characteristic water release curves for cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) residues, and (2) model the rate of rewetting of cereal rye and crimson clover residues by rainfall. Our results extended the data needed for equations to estimate regression parameters for water release curves of cereal rye and crimson clover residues based on changes in lignin concentration as residue decompose. Our results also indicated that the parameters of an equation describing residue wetting as a function of cumulative rainfall could be estimated from soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the residue. These results will be integrated into the ψresidue sub‐module of CC‐NCALC to further improve the estimation of hourly changes in of cover crop residues remaining on the soil surface.
Changing patterns of cancer burden among elderly across Indian states: Evidence from the global burden of disease study 1990–2019
Authors: Swain Chandan Kumar , Padhee Sourav , Sahoo Umakanta , Rout Himanshu Sekhar , Swain Prafulla Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the trends and patterns of the cancer burden among the elderly in different regions of India at a subnational level.MethodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Studies India Compare 2019. Prevalence rate, disability‐adjusted life years (DALY), and annual percentage change techniques were used to analyze data.ResultsThe three age groups with the highest prevalence of cancer were those aged 60–64 years, 65–69 years, and 70–74 years. In 2019, The prevalence of cancer among the elderly ranged from 7048.815 in Karnataka to 5743.040 in Jharkhand. Kerala has the most significant annual percentage change in the cancer prevalence rate of 0.291 between 1990 and 2019. The highest DALY rate was observed among individuals aged 80–84 years in 2019. That year, the DALY rate among the elderly was 8112.283 in India. The top five cancers with higher DALY rates among the elderly in India in 2019 were tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (908.473), colon and rectum cancer (752.961), stomach cancer (707.464), breast cancer (597.881), and lip and oral cavity cancer (557.637).ConclusionElderly individuals demonstrated a higher vulnerable to cancer compared to other age groups. There is a need for state‐specific government intervention to minimize the risk of cancer among the elderly due to the heterogeneity in the burden of cancer across Indian states.
A new fossilAcmopylewith accessory transfusion tissue and potential reproductive buds: Direct evidence for ever‐wet rainforests in Eocene Patagonia
Authors: Andruchow‐Colombo Ana , Rossetto‐Harris Gabriella , Brodribb Timothy J. , Gandolfo María A. , Wilf Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPremiseAcmopyle(Podocarpaceae) comprises two extant species from Oceania that are physiologically restricted to ever‐wet rainforests, a confirmed fossil record based on leaf adpressions and cuticles in Australia since the Paleocene, and a few uncertain reports from New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America. We investigated fossil specimens withAcmopyleaffinities from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco site in Patagonia, Argentina.MethodsWe studied 42 adpression leafy‐shoot fossils and included them in a total evidence phylogenetic analysis.ResultsAcmopyle grayaesp. nov. is based on heterophyllous leafy shoots with three distinct leaf types. Among these, bilaterally flattened leaves uniquely preserve subparallel, linear features that we interpret as accessory transfusion tissue (ATT, an extra‐venous water‐conducting tissue). Some apical morphologies ofA. grayaeshoots are compatible with the early stages of ovuliferous cone development. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers the new species in a polytomy with the two extantAcmopylespecies. We report several types of insect‐herbivory damage. We also transferAcmopyle engelhardtifrom the middle Eocene Río Pichileufú flora toDacrycarpus engelhardticomb. nov.ConclusionsWe confirm the biogeographically significant presence of the endangered West Pacific genusAcmopylein Eocene Patagonia.Acmopyleis one of the most drought‐intolerant genera in Podocarpaceae, possibly due to the high collapse risk of the ATT, and thus the new fossil species provides physiological evidence for the presence of an ever‐wet rainforest environment at Laguna del Hunco during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum.
Synthetic Strategies for the Construction of Indolizines and Indolizine‐fused Compounds: Thienoindolizines and Indolizinoindoles
Authors: Nevskaya Alisa A. , Zinoveva Anna D. , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Voskressensky Leonid G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a review on various methodologies developed for the synthesis of different indolizine derivatives and an overview of their application. These include thienoindolizine and indolizino[8,7‐b]indole derivatives. The indolizine nucleus occurs as privileged scaffold of many natural and synthetic molecules with significant biological activity. Fused‐indolizines such as thienoindolizines and indolizinoindole derivatives are of great interest, due to their antitumor, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitor activity. Because of their widespread use in chemical, medicinal, biological, and materials science research, indolizines and their fused derivatives are attractive synthetic targets in the search for efficient methods for their construction.
Visible light‐induced monofluoroalkylation of (hetero)arenes with diethyl 2‐bromo‐2‐fluoromalonate
Authors: Li Yalong , Deng Zefeng , Tan Jie , Liu Qianqian , Zhang Jingyu , Zhao Yingsheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study reports Iridium‐catalyzed monofluoroalkylation of various (hetero)arenes. Diethyl 2‐bromo‐2‐fluoromalonate was identified as an effective monofluoroalkylating reagent in iridium‐catalyzed C−H functionalization. A wide variety of monofluoro compounds were directly synthesized with moderate to good yields. Additionally, the products contained 1,3‐dicarbonyl skeletons that were easily convertible in various reactions, highlighting the synthetic importance of this method.
Evaluation of the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test across normal cognition, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Echevarria‐Cooper Shiloh L. , Ho Emily H. , Gershon Richard C. , Weintraub Sandra , Kahnt Thorsten 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONOlfactory decline is associated with cognitive decline in aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and amnestic dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology (ADd). The National Institutes of Health Toolbox Odor Identification Test (NIHTB‐OIT) may distinguish between these clinical categories.METHODSWe compared NIHTB‐OIT scores across normal cognition (NC), aMCI, and ADd participants (N = 389, ≥65 years) and between participants positive versus negative for AD biomarkers and the APOE ε4 allele.RESULTSNIHTB‐OIT scores decreased with age (p < 0.001) and were lower for aMCI (p < 0.001) and ADd (p < 0.001) compared to NC participants, correcting for age and sex. The NIHTB‐OIT detects aMCI (ADd) versus NC participants with 49.4% (56.5%) sensitivity and 88.8% (89.5%) specificity. NIHTB‐OIT scores were lower for participants with positive AD biomarkers (p < 0.005), but did not differ based on the APOE ε4 allele (p > 0.05).DISCUSSIONThe NIHTB‐OIT distinguishes clinically aMCI and ADd participants from NC participants.Highlights
National Institutes of Health Toolbox Odor Identification Test (NIHTB‐OIT) discriminated normal controls from mild cognitive impairment.
NIHTB‐OIT discriminated normal controls from Alzheimer's disease dementia.
Rate of olfactory decline with age was similar across all diagnostic categories.
NIHTB‐OIT scores were lower in participants with positive Alzheimer's biomarker tests.
NIHTB‐OIT scores did not differ based on APOE genotype.
Ferroptosis of Microglia in Aging Human White Matter Injury
Authors: Adeniyi Philip A. , Gong Xi , MacGregor Ellie , Degener‐O'Brien Kiera , McClendon Evelyn , Garcia Mariel , Romero Oscar , Russell Joshua , Srivastava Taasin , Miller Jeremy , Keene C. Dirk , Back Stephen A. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveBecause the role of white matter (WM) degenerating microglia (DM) in remyelination failure is unclear, we sought to define the core features of this novel population of aging human microglia.MethodsWe analyzed postmortem human brain tissue to define a population of DM in aging WM lesions. We used immunofluorescence staining and gene expression analysis to investigate molecular mechanisms related to the degeneration of DM.ResultsWe found that DM, which accumulated myelin debris were selectively enriched in the iron‐binding protein light chain ferritin, and accumulated PLIN2‐labeled lipid droplets. DM displayed lipid peroxidation injury and enhanced expression for TOM20, a mitochondrial translocase, and a sensor of oxidative stress. DM also displayed enhanced expression of the DNA fragmentation marker phospho‐histone H2A.X. We identified a unique set of ferroptosis‐related genes involving iron‐mediated lipid dysmetabolism and oxidative stress that were preferentially expressed in WM injury relative to gray matter neurodegeneration.InterpretationFerroptosis appears to be a major mechanism of WM injury in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. WM DM are a novel therapeutic target to potentially reduce the impact of WM injury and myelin loss on the progression of cognitive impairment. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1048–1066
Synthetic Advantages of Defluorinative C−F Bond Functionalization
Authors: Hooker Leidy V. , Bandar Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMuch progress has been made in the development of methods to both create compounds that contain C−F bonds and to functionalize C−F bonds. As such, C−F bonds are becoming common and versatile synthetic functional handles. This review summarizes the advantages of defluorinative functionalization reactions for small molecule synthesis. The coverage is organized by the type of carbon framework the fluorine is attached to for mono‐ and polyfluorinated motifs. The main challenges, opportunities and advances of defluorinative functionalization are discussed for each class of organofluorine. Most of the text focuses on case studies that illustrate how defluorofunctionalization can improve routes to synthetic targets or how the properties of C−F bonds enable unique mechanisms and reactions. The broader goal is to showcase the opportunities for incorporating and exploiting C−F bonds in the design of synthetic routes, improvement of specific reactions and advent of new methods.
Comprehensive Comparisons between Directing and Alternating Current Electrolysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zeng Li , Wang Jianxing , Wang Daoxin , Yi Hong , Lei Aiwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic electrosynthesis has consistently aroused significant interest within both academic and industrial spheres. Despite the considerable progress achieved in this field, the majority of electrochemical transformations have been conducted through the utilization of direct‐current (DC) electricity. In contrast, the application of alternating current (AC), characterized by its polarity‐alternating nature, remains in its infancy within the sphere of organic synthesis, primarily due to the absence of a comprehensive theoretical framework. This minireview offers an overview of recent advancements in AC‐driven organic transformations and seeks to elucidate the differences between DC and AC electrolytic methodologies by probing into their underlying physical principles. These differences encompass the ability of AC to preclude the deposition of metal catalysts, the precision in modulating oxidation and reduction intensities, and the mitigation of mass transfer processes.