bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High protein content in breast milk from South African mothers of preterm infants
Authors: Kemp Johanna Elizabeth , Becker Piet , Wenhold Friedeburg Anna Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimMacronutrient and energy content of human milk are largely assumed for fortification practices. The aim was to explore macronutrient and energy content of transition and mature human milk from South African mothers of preterm infants with a birth weight <1800 g. Secondary objectives compared day to night milk; and explored associations with selected innate factors.MethodsIn this single‐centre, observational study macronutrient and energy content of day, night and mixed samples of transition (first 14 days of life) and mature (from Day 15 of life) human milk were analysed with mid‐infrared spectroscopy.ResultsIn total, 116 samples (38 days; 37 night; 41 mixed) from 47 mothers were retained for statistical analysis. Mean true protein, carbohydrate, fat and energy content of mixed samples per 100 mL were 1.5 ± 0.4 g, 7.2 ± 0.7 g, 3.5 ± 0.9 g and 69.4 ± 9.9 kcal, respectively. Mixed transition milk (n = 9) had 1.9 ± 0.3 g protein and 67.4 ± 9.6 kcal and mixed mature milk (n = 32) 1.4 ± 0.4 g protein and 70.0 ± 10.1 kcal, per 100 mL.The protein content of transition (p = 0.004) and mature (p = 0.004) milk were significantly higher than published data. Transition milk: 1.5 g protein, 65 kcal; mature milk: 1.2 g protein, 72 kcal per 100 mL. Night samples had less fat (p = 0.014) and energy (p = 0.033) than day samples. With increasing day of life protein content declined (p = 0.003).ConclusionThe protein content of human milk from South African mothers of preterm babies differs from published data and has implications for human milk fortification practises.
Women’s Empowerment: Mediating the Link between Food Security and Household Poverty in Cameroon
Authors: Bougema Ntenkeh Th. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Women’s empowerment, zero hunger and no poverty are sustainable development goals which are universally set to achieve a more and better viable future for all by 2030. The study investigated the mediating effect of women’s empowerment on the link between food security and poverty reduction in Cameroon using data from the fourth round of Cameroon’s Household Consumption Survey. Using the two stage least square instrumental variable model, the study ascertains the existence of partial mediation from where it is concluded that about 16.6% of the effect of food security on household poverty is transmitted directly and about 4.9% indirectly through women’s empowerment, which are all significant at 1% significant level. The study therefore recommends that social amenities, training institutions and job opportunities should be provided and heightened in the rural areas to give it the status and advantages found in the urban areas. This will go a long way to empower rural women leading to enhanced food security and poverty reduction. Furthermore, measures aimed at reducing birth rate be encouraged in Cameroon to reduce population size given its negative effect on household poverty when women’s empowerment mediates the link between food security and household poverty.
El movimiento internacional de los Hermanos Musulmanes
Authors: Castaño Sergio 
Published: July 2023

El protagonismo alcanzado por los Hermanos Musulmanes en Egipto en los últimos años ha permitido a la opinión pública conocer la existencia de una organización cuya influencia ideológica ha logrado ir más allá de las fronteras egipcias, superando los límites del mundo árabe. En la actualidad, los principios ideológicos de los Hermanos Musulmanes son defendidos por numerosas organizaciones Islámicas ubicadas en los cinco continentes. Dichas entidades han mantenido a lo largo de los años objetivos comunes y vínculos informales que llevan a considerarlas parte de un movimiento internacional. AbstractThe prominence achieved by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt in recent years has allowed the public to know the existence of this organization. However, the ideological impact of this organization has managed to go beyond the Egyptian borders, exceeding the limits of the Arab world. Today, the ideological principles of the Muslim Brotherhood are defended by many Islamic organizations with presence in five continents. These entities have kept common objectives over the years, meanwhile, their informal links that lead to consider them part of an international movement.
Die deutsch-griechischen Beziehungen im Bereich der Wissenschaft
Authors: Lenzen Dieter , Skouris Vassilios 
Published: July 2023

Vom 5. bis 7. Februar 2015 fand an der Universität Hamburg die „Conference on Scientific Cooperation between Greece and Germany“ statt. Auf Einladung von Universitätspräsident Dieter Lenzen nahmen rund 100 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus Griechenland und Deutschland teil, um über Wege
aus der aktuellen Krise Griechenlands zu beraten, die dramatisch auch die dortige Wissenschaft betrifft und deren Auswirkungen die Funktionsfähigkeit des griechischen Hochschulsystems inzwischen fundamental gefährden. Dieser Band dokumentiert die deutsche Fassung der englischsprachigen Begrüßungsrede von Universitätspräsident Dieter Lenzen, in der er die Dringlichkeit gemeinsamer Maßnahmen hervorhebt, sowie den in deutscher Sprache gehaltenen Eröffnungsvortrag des Präsidenten des Europäischen Gerichtshofs Vassilios Skouris, der die Spezifika der wissenschaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen Griechenland und Deutschland in historischer wie in gegenwärtiger Sicht beschreibt.
The relevance of introducing the basics of cryptography and the basics of information security in the school course in computer science
Authors: Зуфарова А.С. , Бузыкова Ю.С. , Бурыкина А.Д. 
Published: July 2023

Актуальность данной темы обусловлена потребностью в специалистах в области информационной безопасности. Внедрение в школьный курс информатики основ криптографии может значительно повлиять на выбор профессии и качество специалистов в области защиты информации. В данной статье анализируется ситуация с изучением основ криптографии и основ защиты информации в школах. Предлагаются способы решения этой проблемы. Данная исследовательская работа обосновывает актуальность внедрения основ криптографии в школьную программу. В работе проанализированы цели обучения криптографии, рассмотрены возможные подходы и средства программной поддержки для эффективной реализации данного предмета в школьном образовании. Исследование основано на сравнительном анализе международных опытов внедрения криптографии в школьные программы. Результаты работы позволят определить оптимальные методы и подходы к преподаванию криптографии, выбрать подходящие инструменты программной поддержки и сформировать рекомендации для образовательных учреждений и учителей, желающих внедрить данную тему в школьную программу с целью развития информационной грамотности и кибербезопасности у учащихся.
The relevance of this topic is due to the need for specialists in the field of information security. The introduction of the basics of cryptography into the school computer science course can significantly affect the choice of profession and the quality of specialists in the field of information security. This article analyzes the situation with the study of the basics of cryptography and the basics of information security in schools. The ways of solving this problem are suggested. This research paper substantiates the relevance of introducing the basics of cryptography into the school curriculum. The paper analyzes the goals of teaching cryptography, considers possible approaches and software support tools for the effective implementation of this subject in school education. The study is based on a comparative analysis of international experiences of implementing cryptography in school curricula. The results of the work will allow us to determine the best methods and approaches to teaching cryptography, choose suitable software support tools and form recommendations for educational institutions and teachers who want to introduce this topic into the school curriculum in order to develop information literacy and cybersecurity among students.
The Implementation of Learning Tournament Strategy on Linear Equation in One Variable
Authors: Gunawan Heru , Tandililing Edy , Yani Ahmad 
Published: July 2023

The fact that is often found in schools so far, the learning process of mathematics still uses conventional methods. This study aimed to see the effect of applying the learning tournament strategy on student learning outcomes on the linear equation in one variable in VII grade at SMP N 11 Pontianak. The method used in this research was quasi-experimental. The research sample was students of VII A grade as the experimental class and VII C grade as the control class. The experimental group learning outcomes obtained an average score of 28.525, with a percentage of 63.39, while the learning outcomes in the control group obtained an average score of 22.625 with a percentage of 50.28. The results of the t-test with independent samples test obtained a Sig score. (2-tailed) = 0.000 <½ 0.025, then H0 is rejected, so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in student learning outcomes between the class given the learning tournament learning and the class given conventional learning on the linear equation in one variable. Keywords: Learning Tournament, Learning Strategy, Linear Equation of One Variable
Pengaruh Iklim Kerja Panas Terhadap Respon Fisiologis Pekerja dalam Ruang Preparasi di PT-X
Authors: Fitriani Nur shabrina Ulima , Natalisanto Adrianus Inu , Sutaji Putri Devina Rayzy Perwitasari , Mislan Mislan , Putri Erlinda Ratnasari 
Published: July 2023

Work climate is one of the factors whose gave big influence on the performance of human resources, for both in hot work climate and cold work climate, even the effect is not limited to performance but can go further, specifically on the safety and health of workers. For this reason, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the working climate standard. This study was conducted to determine the effect of hot working climate on the physiological response of workers in the preparation room at PT-X and to find a temperature control strategy in the preparation room at PT-X. The research were carried out in 4 steps, namely: first was collecting data on the work climate in the Preparation Room at PT-X, second was collecting data on the workload of workers in the Preparation Room at PT-X, third was collecting data on the physiological response of the worker in the form of measuring body temperature, measuring blood pressure, measuring pulse rate and measuring the weight of workers. The last step was analysis. Based on the results of the research, the hot working climate affects the physiological response of the workers before and after work. The strategy for controlling the hot working climate in the Preparation Room at PT-X is by increasing the rest time for workers, maximizing the use of PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) for each worker, and adding health signs at the worker's location.
Measuring Virus Infectivity on Material Surfaces
Authors: Kanematsu Hideyuki , Kawai Risa , Barry Dana M. , Nakajima Eri , Imoto Yasuo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Various methods are available to evaluate the behavior of viruses on material surfaces, an important area of research for determining how long a virus can live on an inanimate object, and learning how to design and develop advanced antiviral materials.
ANALYZING THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL LITERACY FRAMEWORK IN EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Istiani Imas , Fatimah Eva , Husain Ahmad , Yuvita NFn , Eka Sulistyawati Anin , Sunmud Sakina 
Published: July 2023

The development of technology massively increase during covid-19. Then, a dozen beneficial invention in many sectors such as education race to be better forward. This research aims to suggest and map the domains of digital literacy in each previous research without any reduction of meaning and analyze the development of digital literacy in education. This research used a systematic literature review as a method to find the result, meaning that the researcher has a procedure to collect the previous research. The procedure is for the researcher to collect 200 papers from Scopus Database, Search by “Digital Literacy” and filter by the keyword "framework" and ”Education”. Then, it is reduced into only for digital literacy framework proposal. The result shows that communication, information, content creation, safety, and critical digital literacy still become a suitable domain around the framework. This research concluded that five domains above suggested to use in further research. AbstrakPerkembangan teknologi sangat pesat di masa covid-19. Kemudian, selusin penemuan bermanfaat di berbagai sektor seperti pendidikan berlomba menjadi lebih baik ke depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyarankan dan memetakan domain literasi digital pada setiap penelitian sebelumnya tanpa adanya pengurangan makna dan menganalisis perkembangan literasi digital dalam pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sistematika literature review sebagai metode untuk menemukan hasil, artinya peneliti memiliki prosedur untuk mengumpulkan penelitian sebelumnya. Prosedurnya peneliti mengumpulkan 200 makalah dari Basis Data Scopus, Pencarian dengan “Melek Digital” dan menyaring dengan kata kunci “kerangka” dan “Pendidikan”. Kemudian direduksi menjadi proposal kerangka literasi digital saja. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi, informasi, pembuatan konten, keamanan, dan literasi digital kritis masih menjadi domain yang sesuai di sekitar framework. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kelima domain di atas disarankan untuk digunakan dalam penelitian selanjutnya.
Alcohol dependence syndrome in patients with alcoholic liver disease: A cross sectional observational study
Authors: Bharath CS , Chatterjee Kaushik , Yadav Arun S. , Dangi Ankit , Bhat Pookala Shivaram 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Excessive alcohol use leads to a spectrum of liver disease. While physicians treat liver disease, the cause, i.e. alcohol, often remains untreated. This portends a poor overall outcome as such patients may continue to consume alcohol for the want of appropriate treatment directed at alcohol dependence or abuse.

Aim:
To assess the prevalence and severity of alcohol dependence among patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among patients with varying severity of ALD (steatosis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis) where 75 were included. They were evaluated for alcohol dependence using clinical interview and M.I.N.I 6.0. The severity of dependence was rated using the SADQ (Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire). Appropriate statistical tests were applied to identify correlations.

Results:
All the patients of ALD met the criteria of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (Clinical interview and ICD 10 criteria). Among them, 40% were severely dependent (SADQ >30). Among those with ALD, 57.3% had alcoholic hepatitis, 18.7% had steatosis, and 24% suffered cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis had higher median SADQ scores compared to those with steatosis or hepatitis.

Conclusions:
All the patients with ALD suffered from Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. Those with the most severe ALD had a higher severity of dependence. To ensure effective treatment and lasting outcomes, there is a need for greater awareness of this fact among physicians. Psychiatric referral of those suffering from ALD will ensure concurrent treatment of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome.
Psychological Evaluation and Perception of Risk in Primary Caregivers of In-patients with COVID-19
Authors: Pandurangi Aditya , Divyashree N. S. , Pandurangi Swapna , Angadi Vinuta , Mahadevaiah Mahesh , Ramprasad K. S. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The surge of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases during the second wave of the pandemic has presented newer challenges such as psychological distress in caregivers which could be due to the burden of caregiving and uncertainties that prevailed due to the pandemic.

Methods:
Risk perception and psychological distress were evaluated using COVID-19 Pandemic mental health Questionnaire in the consenting caregivers of COVID-19 bronchopneumonia affected in-patients at a tertiary hospital. The scores were tabulated and analyzed using Chi-square and ANOVA tests.

Results:
Out of 92 participants, 60 (65.2%) were below the age of 40 years. Majority, were males (73.9%), belonged to the Hindu religion (91.3%), married (82.6%), educated up to college (62%), and from urban background (69.6%). Younger participants (<40 years) tended to disagree about the severe consequences of COVID-19 on their health (p = .008). Participants who studied up to college had lesser fear of infecting others (p = .016). Married participants had lesser fear of getting infected (p = .006). Non-essential service providers had lesser fear of contracting infection (p = .014), infecting others (p = .048), and death of people close to them (p < .001). Younger participants (<40 years) felt less burdened by quarantine (p = .005), worries about contracting infection (p = .006), and by the thoughts that it would be better to be dead (p = .025). Male participants tended to worry less regarding health (p = .007) and expressed lesser concerns over personal safety (p = .050). Participants, with less worries of being infected, the likelihood of being infected and infecting others, had lesser upsetting dreams about the pandemic (p < .001, .001 and .006 respectively).

Conclusion:
Primary caregivers of patients admitted with COVID-19 bronchopneumonia experience significant psychological distress. Lesser risk perception and psychological distress were noted in young, married males from urban background with graduate degree involved in nonessential services with no preexisting psychological co-morbidities. Population with one or more risk factors needs psychological evaluation which will ensure comprehensive care of the affected family.
Characteristic of penile cancer and prognostic factors of inguinal and pelvic lymph node involvement
Authors: Kultravut Kritanu , Siriboonrid Satit 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy which inguinal and pelvic lymph node involvement plays a major role in patients’ survival. The prognosis of patients with lymph node metastasis is poorer.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the prognostic factors for inguinal lymph node and pelvic lymph node involvement.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective analytic study of medical records between January 2010 and December 2020.

Results:
Thirty-nine patients were diagnosed with penile cancer, median age of 59 ± 14.898 (range: 32–86 years) were included in the analysis. Twenty-eight patients underwent inguinal lymph node dissection, 13 patients had inguinal lymph node metastasis (46.4%), 8 patients underwent pelvic lymph node dissection, and 5 patients had pelvic lymph node metastasis (62.5%). Inguinal lymph node metastasis was associated with tumor grading (odds ratio [OR]: 2.92, confidence interval [CI]: 0.123–0.704), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (OR: 5.182, CI: 0.430–0.996), perineural invasion (PNI) (OR: 3.687, CI: 0.277–0.975), and fixation of inguinal node (OR: 2.463, CI: 0.078–1.195). Pelvic lymph node metastasis was associated with tumor grading (OR: 2.619, CI: 0.033–0.967).

Conclusion:
Grading, LVI and PNI of primary tumor, and fixation of inguinal node are significantly associated with inguinal lymph node metastasis. While primary tumor grading is significantly associated with pelvic lymph node metastasis. These factors are associated with poorer prognosis.
Сучасні організаційні підходи до лікування невротичних розладів у військовослужбовців
Authors: Voloshin V. O. , Trushenko О. S. , Shyrokov O. V. , Titov G. I. , Zakaznov V. F. 
Published: July 2023

Вступ. В умовах відбиття збройної агресії РФ, що супроводжується значною інтенсивністю і напруженістю бойових дій, можна прогнозувати суттєве збільшення кількості військовослужбовців, які будуть мати невротичні розлади різного ступеня тяжкості, отже викликати потребу їх направлення для лікування у військово-медичні заклади. Дослідженням встановлена наявність незначної кількості наукової інформації щодо особливостей організації лікувально-діагностичного процесу при виникненні санітарних втрат неврологічного профілю. Семантичний аналіз доступних наукових джерел щодо організації проведення лікувально-діагностичного процесу і реабілітації військовослужбовців, у яких діагностовано порушення з боку центральної нервової системи, охоплює період повсякденної готовності Збройних Сил України і не враховує особливості воєнного стану. Виходячи з цього, з урахуванням загроз та викликів сьогодення, встановлено, що вирішення цієї проблеми неможливо без розробки і впровадження сучасних медичних технологій щодо організації діагностики, лікування і реабілітації військовослужбовців, що отримали невротичні розлади в умовах бойової обстановки з урахуванням сучасного досвіду військово-медичних служб передових країн світу.
Мета дослідження полягає у визначені сучасних організаційних підходів щодо організації лікувально-діагностичного і реабілітаційного процесу військовослужбовців, які мають невротичні розлади, отримані в бойових умовах х.
Матеріали та методи дослідження. Дослідження проводилось із використанням класичних соціально-гігієнічних методів: монографічного, семантичного, аналітичного, документального обліку та системного аналізу. Матеріалами дослідження слугували нормативно-правові документи з питань діагностики, лікування і реабілітації військовослужбовців з невротичними розладами.
Результати. У статті наведені результати семантичного аналізу нормативно-правових документів щодо організації діагностики, лікування і реабілітації військовослужбовців з нервовими розладами та розроблений алгоритм організації лікувально-діагностичного процесу при цій патології з урахуванням досвіду військо-медичних служб передових країн світу.
Висновки. Визначено, що в умовах відбиття Збройними силами України збройної агресії РФ і пов’язаної з цим потреби проведення мобілізаційних заходів без урахування психотипу і стресостійкості осіб, що вступають до лав Збройних Сил і інших військових формувань України, серед військовослужбовців можливе збільшення поширеності невротичних розладів. На основі аналізу наукової інформації з урахування власного досвіду розроблений алгоритм діагностики, лікування і реабілітації військовослужбовців з невротичними розладами, реалізація якого дозволить зменшити наслідки негативного впливу бойової обстановки на військовослужбовців і тим самим підвищити рівень їх боєздатності та працездатності, а також зменшити відсоток інвалідизації військовослужбовців з невротичними розладами.