bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: findings from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Authors: Tamir Tadesse Tarik , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Belachew Tadele Biresaw , Fentie Elsa Awoke , Kidie Atitegeb Abera , Amare Tsegaw , Fetene Samrawit Mihret , Addis Banchlay , Wubante Sisay Maru , Endawkie Abel , Zegeye Alebachew Ferede 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEarly neonatal death accounts for a significant number of under-5 mortality worldwide. However, the problem is under-researched and under-reported in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in Ethiopia. The magnitude of mortality during the early neonatal period and associated factors should be studied for designing appropriate policies, and strategies that could help tackle the problem. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.MethodsThis study was conducted by using data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A total of 10 525 live births were enrolled in the study. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of early neonatal mortality. Adjusted OR (AOR) at a 95% CI was computed to assess the strength and significance of the association between outcome and explanatory variables. Factors with a p<0.05 were declared statistically significant.ResultsThe national prevalence of early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia was 41.8 (95% CI 38.1 to 45.8) early neonatal deaths per 1000 live births. The extreme ages of pregnancy (under 20 years (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.5) and above 35 years (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5 to 4)), home delivery (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.3), low birth weight (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 8.2) and multiple pregnancies (AOR 5.3, 95% CI 4.1 to 9.9) were significantly associated early neonatal mortality.ConclusionsThis study revealed a higher prevalence of early neonatal mortality as compared with prevalence in other low-income and middle-income countries. Thus, it is determined to be essential to design maternal and child health policies and initiatives with a priority on the prevention of early neonatal deaths. Emphasis should be given to babies born to mothers at extreme ages of pregnancy, to those born of multiple pregnancies delivered at home and to low birthweight babies.
Real-life effects of benralizumab on airway oscillometry in severe eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Chan Rory , Lipworth Brian J 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionEosinophil depletion with benralizumab reduces exacerbations and improves disease control and FEV1in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. However, few studies have investigated the effect of biologics on small airways dysfunction (SAD) even though the latter correlates better with poor asthma control and type 2 inflammation.Methods21 GINA-defined severe asthma patients who were treated with benralizumab and who had baseline oscillometry-defined SAD were included in this study. Here, SAD was diagnosed only if patients satisfied both R5–R20≥0.10 kPa/L/s and AX≥1.0 kPa/L. The mean duration of follow-up between pre-benralizumab versus post-benralizumab clinical measurements was 8 months.ResultsMean values for FEV1% and FVC% but not FEF25%–75%significantly increased following benralizumab, along with significant reductions in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). There were no significant improvements in R5–R20, X5 or AX, while the mean (SEM) PBE count fell to 23 (14) cells/µL. In a responder analysis, n=8/21 and n=12/21 patients experienced improvements exceeding biological variability of 0.04 kPa/L/s and 0.39 kPa/L in R5–R20 and AX, respectively, in severe asthma. N=10/21, n=10/21 and n=11/21 patients experienced improvements in FEV1, FEF25–75and FVC exceeding biological variability of 150 mL, 0.210 L/s and 150 mL, respectively. In contrast, n=15/21 patients experienced an improvement in ACQ greater than minimal clinical important difference of 0.5 units.ConclusionEosinophil depletion with benralizumab improves spirometry and asthma control but does not improve spirometry-measured or oscillometry-measured SAD in severe asthma in a real-life setting.
On Writing Well…and Not So Well
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: May 2023

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Books on good writing are virtually ubiquitous. They number in the hundreds if not the thousands. Occasionally one comes along that seems to stand head and shoulders above all the rest. But the question is, why?
A geomorfologia no Brasil
Authors: Ab'Saber Aziz Nacib 
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Na literatura sobre a evolução dos conhecimentos científicos, relacionados com as ciências da terra no Brasil, raras são as informações dedicadas à história da Geomorfologia Brasileira. Nesse sentido, nem mesmo a publicação do notável simpósio sobre As ciências no Brasil (1955), organizado graças aos esforços e ao prestígio intelectual de Fernando Azevedo, foi capaz de preencher aquela séria lacuna. Os geólogos Viktor Leinz e Othon Henry Leozardos, encarregados respectivamente de escrever sobre a Geologia e Paleontologia e a Mineralogia e Petrografia, compreensivelmente deixaram de lado o tratamento dos assuntos mais propriamente geomorfológicos.
Explicações teleológicas e teleonômicas em biologia
Authors: Cunha A. Brito da 
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
A adaptação dos organismos ao meio em que vivem é um dos problemas centrais da teoria da evolução. Entende-se por adaptação a inter-relação entre organismo e meio que promove a sobrevivência e a reprodução do ser vivo no ambiente em que ele normalmente vive. A adaptação é um fenômeno geral e um dos grandes méritos de Lamarck foi acentuar a sua importância. Quando se estudam adaptações é difícil evitar a impiessão de que o organismo aparentemente sabe o que deve fazer para sua sobrevivência.
A tecnologia da educação e sua utilização na elaboração de novos projetos de ensino
Authors: Saad Fuad Daher 
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
O propósito do presente artigo é mostrar como podemos nos uti-lizar dos recursos fornecidos pela Tecnologia da Educação para a elaboração de Projetos de Ensino — no caso presente analisaremos o Projeto FAI (Física Auto-Instrutiva) que está sendo presentemente aplicado para cerca de 130.000 alunos, do 20 Grau em todo país. Para tanto, analisaremos breve-mente a Tecnologia Educacional em si, seus princípios, e finalmente sua aplicação.
A tecnologia do ano 2000
Authors: Goldemberg José 
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Fazer previsões sobre o futuro é muito arriscado. Em geral, quem as faz são sociólogos que fazem extrapolações; extrapolações são feitas baseadas em certas hipóteses de normalidade. Por exemplo, se a população nacional continuar crescendo a uma taxa de 3% ao ano, pode-se prever com bastante precisão qual vai ser a população no ano 2.000. Pode-se prever também com bastante precisão qual será a produção de alimentos e o desenvolvimento de outras atividades e fazer previsões terríveis sobre o que nos espera daqui a 30 anos.
Bestrophin3 Deficiency in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Activates MEKK2/3–MAPK Signaling to Trigger Spontaneous Aortic Dissection
Authors: Zhang Ting-Ting , Lei Qing-Qing , He Jie , Guan Xin , Zhang Xin , Huang Ying , Zhou Zi-Yue , Fan Rui-Xin , Wang Ting , Li Chen-Xi , Shang Jin-Yan , Lin Zhuo-Miao , Peng Wan-Li , Xia Li-Kai , He Yu-Ling , Hong Chuan-Ying , Ou Jing-Song , Pang Rui-Ping , Fan Xiao-Ping , Huang Hui , Zhou Jia-Guo 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Aortic dissection (AD) is a fatal cardiovascular disorder without effective medications due to unclear pathogenic mechanisms. Bestrophin3 (Best3), the predominant isoform of bestrophin family in vessels, has emerged as critical for vascular pathological processes. However, the contribution of Best3 to vascular diseases remains elusive.

METHODS:

Smooth muscle cell–specific and endothelial cell–specific Best3 knockout mice (Best3
SMKO
and Best3
ECKO
, respectively) were engineered to investigate the role of Best3 in vascular pathophysiology. Functional studies, single-cell RNA sequencing, proteomics analysis, and coimmunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry were performed to evaluate the function of Best3 in vessels.

RESULTS:

Best3 expression in aortas of human AD samples and mouse AD models was decreased. Best3
SMKO
but not Best3
ECKO
mice spontaneously developed AD with age, and the incidence reached 48% at 72 weeks of age. Reanalysis of single-cell transcriptome data revealed that reduction of fibromyocytes, a fibroblast-like smooth muscle cell cluster, was a typical feature of human ascending AD and aneurysm. Consistently, Best3 deficiency in smooth muscle cells decreased the number of fibromyocytes. Mechanistically, Best3 interacted with both MEKK2 and MEKK3, and this interaction inhibited phosphorylation of MEKK2 at serine153 and MEKK3 at serine61. Best3 deficiency induced phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of ubiquitination and protein turnover of MEKK2/3, thereby activating the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. Furthermore, restoration of Best3 or inhibition of MEKK2/3 prevented AD progression in angiotensin II–infused Best3
SMKO
and ApoE
−/−
mice.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings unveil a critical role of Best3 in regulating smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch and aortic structural integrity through controlling MEKK2/3 degradation. Best3–MEKK2/3 signaling represents a novel therapeutic target for AD.
Identifying Hate Speech Trends and Prevention in Indonesia: a Cross-Case Comparison
Authors: Alexandra Lina A. , Satria Alif 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article provides an analysis on Indonesia’s hate speech phenomenon within the past two decades. It identifies shared characteristics across hate speech campaigns and how state and non-state actors have addressed them. In doing so, the article compares three campaigns targeting: the Ahmadiyya (2005–2011), Shi’a (2006–2012) and Jakarta’s Chinese Christian Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (2016–2017). It finds that despite their unique dynamics, each campaign shared several commonalities. They were enabled by rising religious conservatism, sustained support from politicians, and competition for socio-economic capital; their framing strategy similarly used a threat-to-survival narrative, leveraged state regulations, and involved amplifying their voices through online spaces; and they had similar long-term impact which, despite an absence of mass violence, normalised the deprivation of vulnerable minorities’ fundamental rights.
Repression of TRIM13 by chromatin assembly factor CHAF1B is critical for AML development
Authors: Dean Sarai T. , Ishikawa Chiharu , Zhu Xiaoqin , Walulik Sean , Nixon Timothy , Jordan Jessica K. , Henderson Samantha , Wyder Michael , Salomonis Nathan , Wunderlich Mark , Greis Kenneth D. , Starczynowski Daniel T. , Volk Andrew G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer that stems from the rapid expansion of immature leukemic blasts in the bone marrow. Mutations in epigenetic factors represent the largest category of genetic drivers of AML. The chromatin assembly factor CHAF1B is a master epigenetic regulator of transcription associated with self-renewal and the undifferentiated state of AML blasts. Upregulation of CHAF1B, as observed in almost all AML samples, promotes leukemic progression by repressing the transcription of differentiation factors and tumor suppressors. However, the specific factors regulated by CHAF1B and their contributions to leukemogenesis are unstudied. We analyzed RNA sequencing data from mouse MLL-AF9 leukemic cells and bone marrow aspirates, representing a diverse collection of pediatric AML samples and identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM13 as a target of CHAF1B-mediated transcriptional repression associated with leukemogenesis. We found that CHAF1B binds the promoter of TRIM13, resulting in its transcriptional repression. In turn, TRIM13 suppresses self-renewal of leukemic cells by promoting pernicious entry into the cell cycle through its nuclear localization and catalytic ubiquitination of cell cycle–promoting protein, CCNA1. Overexpression of TRIM13 initially prompted a proliferative burst in AML cells, which was followed by exhaustion, whereas loss of total TRIM13 or deletion of its catalytic domain enhanced leukemogenesis in AML cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. These data suggest that CHAF1B promotes leukemic development, in part, by repressing TRIM13 expression and that this relationship is necessary for leukemic progression.
Uveitis including Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome following inactive covid-19 vaccination: a case series
Authors: Shariati Mehrdad Motamed , Abrishami Mojtaba , Jahani Shahin , Bolouki Ali , Ansari-Astaneh Mohamad-Reza , Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Currently, large populations have been vaccinated against COVID-19. The whole inactivated Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine has been the main available COVID-19 vaccine in Iran. Ocular inflammatory reactions have been reported following vaccination. The present case reports aim to introduce four cases of uveitis after the Sinopharm vaccine administration.

Case presentation
Our first reported case is a 38-year-old woman with a positive medical history of inactive ulcerative colitis. Active uveitis had developed following the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccination. The remaining three cases were healthy individuals who developed the first episode of uveitis, after the COVID-19 vaccine administration. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome was the final diagnosis in one of the aforementioned cases. All four patients demonstrated favorable responses to corticosteroid treatment.

Conclusion
These observations are in line with incoming reports from all around the world and raise concerns about the possibility of post-vaccination uveitis development, especially in cases with a previous history of auto-immune systemic diseases or inactive uveitis.
Establishment and validation of the autophagy-related ceRNA network in irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Wang Ye , Xie Qiuyan , Yu Hongwen , Zhou Bangyi , Guo Xiaolan , Wu Buling , Hu Jiao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of irreversible pulpitis have been studied for decades. Many studies have indicated a potential correlation between autophagy and this disease. Against the background of ﻿the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory, protein-coding RNA functions are linked with long ﻿noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). This mechanism has been widely studied in various fields but has rarely been reported in the context of irreversible pulpitis. The hub genes selected under this theory may represent the key to the interaction between autophagy and irreversible pulpitis.

Results
Filtering and differential expression analyses of the GSE92681 dataset, which contains data from 7 inflamed and 5 healthy pulp tissue samples, were conducted. The results were intersected with autophagy-related genes (ARGs), and 36 differentially expressed ARGs (DE-ARGs) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and construction of the protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network of DE-ARGs were performed. Coexpression analysis was conducted between differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and DE-ARGs, and 151 downregulated and 59 upregulated autophagy-related DElncRNAs (AR-DElncRNAs) were identified. StarBase and multiMiR were then used to predict related microRNAs of AR-DElncRNAs and DE-ARGs, respectively. We established ceRNA networks including 9 hub lncRNAs (HCP5 and AC112496.1 ↑; FENDRR, AC099850.1, ZSWIM8-AS1, DLX6-AS1, LAMTOR5-AS1, TMEM161B-AS1 and AC145207.5 ↓), which were validated by a qRT‒PCR ﻿analysis of pulp tissue from patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Conclusion
We constructed two networks consisting of 9 hub lncRNAs based on the comprehensive identification of autophagy-related ceRNAs. This study may provide novel insights into the interactive relationship between autophagy and irreversible pulpitis and identifies several lncRNAs that may serve as potential biological markers.
Optimal method for ablation of atypical AVNRT
Authors: Aslani Amir , Shahrzad Shahab , Bazrafshan Mehdi , Rahmanian Mahdi , Fakhar Reza , Pirahesh Kasra , bazrafshan Hanieh , Bazrafshan Hamed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Considering that ablation of atypical AVNRT may be unsuccessful after ablation at the right posterior septum, in this study, we aimed to present an optimal method for ablation of atypical AVNRT. Also, we evaluated the efficacy of this technique for preventing recurrences.

Methods
This is a prospective, double-center study. It was conducted on 62 patients with atypical AVNRT referred for radiofrequency ablation. The patients were randomly divided into two groups before ablation: 1-Group A (n = 30): treated with conventional ablation at the anatomic area of the slow pathway; 2-Group B (n = 32): ablation was done 2 mm higher in the septum during fluoroscopy.

Results
The mean age of patients in groups A and B were 54 ± 11.7 and 55 ± 12.2, respectively (P = 0.43). In group A, ablation was successful in 24 (80%) patients following right-sided slow pathway ablation, and the remaining patients required further treatment with either a left-side approach (N = 4, 13.3%) or ablation of additional regions (N = 2, 6.7%). In group B, ablation was successful in all patients. After a 48-month follow-up, recurrence of symptomatic atypical AVNRT was detected in 4 (13.3%) patients of group A and none of group B patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In patients with atypical AVNRT, ablation 2 mm above the conventional area is more promising regarding success rate and recurrence of the arrhythmia.
Effects of Taiwan’s COVID-19 alert levels on the physical activity behaviors and psychological distress of community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Lin Wang-Sheng , Tsai Chih-Chun , Pan Po-Jung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The Taiwanese government implemented stringent preventative health measures to curb the spread of COVID-19. However, these measures negatively affected the physical activity behaviors and psychological distress of individuals. In this study, we investigated the effects of Taiwan’s COVID-19 alert–based restrictions on the physical activity behaviors and psychological distress of community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
In this longitudinal study, 500 community-dwelling older adults were randomly sampled from a health promotion center in Taiwan. Telephone interviews were conducted between May 11, 2021, and August 17, 2021, which coincided with the Level 3 alert period when group physical activities were prohibited. Telephone interviews were again conducted between June 20, 2022, and July 4, 2022, after the alert level was reduced to Level 2 but group physical activities were prohibited period. Through the telephone interviews, data regarding the participants’ physical activity behaviors (type and amount) and 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) scores were collected. Moreover, data regarding physical activity behaviors were collected from the records of our previous health promotion programs, which were conducted before the national alert period. The obtained data were analyzed.

Results
The alert levels influenced physical activity behaviors. Because of strict regulations, physical activity amount decreased during the Level 3 alert period and did not recover rapidly during the Level 2 alert period. Instead of engaging in group exercises (e.g., calisthenics and qigong), the older adults chose to exercise alone (e.g., strolling, brisk walking, and biking). Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 alert level has a significant influence on the amount of physical activity for participants (p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.256), with pairwise comparisons showing that the physical activity amount decreased significantly across the three time periods (p < 0.05). The psychological distress of the participants did not appear to change during the regulation period. Although the participants' overall BSRS-5 score was slightly lower during the Level 2 alert period compared to the Level 3 alert period, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.264, Cohen's d = 0.08) based on a paired t-test. However, the levels of anxiety (p = 0.003, Cohen's d = 0.23) and inferiority (p = 0.034, Cohen's d = 0.159) were considerably higher during the Level 2 alert period than during the Level 3 alert period.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that Taiwan’s COVID-19 alert levels influenced the physical activity behaviors and psychological distress of community-dwelling older adults. Time is required for older adults to regain their prior status after their physical activity behaviors and psychological distress were affected by national regulations.
The dose-response association between LEAP 1000 and birthweight – no clear mechanisms: a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Quinones Sarah , Lin Shao , Tian Lili , Mendola Pauline , Novignon Jacob , Adamba Clement , Palermo Tia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Birthweight is an important indicator of maternal and fetal health globally. The multifactorial origins of birthweight suggest holistic programs that target biological and social risk factors have great potential to improve birthweight. In this study, we examine the dose-response association of exposure to an unconditional cash transfer program before delivery with birthweight and explore the potential mediators of the association.

Methods
Data for this study come from the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) 1000 impact evaluation conducted between 2015 and 2017 among a panel sample of 2,331 pregnant and lactating women living in rural households of Northern Ghana. The LEAP 1000 program provided bi-monthly cash transfers and premium fee waivers to enroll in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). We used adjusted and unadjusted linear and logistic regression models to estimate the associations of months of LEAP 1000 exposure before delivery with birthweight and low birthweight, respectively. We used covariate-adjusted structural equation models (SEM) to examine mediation of the LEAP 1000 dose-response association with birthweight by household food insecurity and maternal-level (agency, NHIS enrollment, and antenatal care) factors.

Results
Our study included a sample of 1,439 infants with complete information on birthweight and date of birth. Nine percent of infants (N = 129) were exposed to LEAP 1000 before delivery. A 1-month increase in exposure to LEAP 1000 before delivery was associated with a 9-gram increase in birthweight and 7% reduced odds of low birthweight, on average, in adjusted models. We found no mediation effect by household food insecurity, NHIS enrollment, women’s agency, or antenatal care visits.

Conclusions
LEAP 1000 cash transfer exposure before delivery was positively associated with birthweight, though we did not find any mediation by household- or maternal-level factors. The results of our mediation analyses may serve to inform program operations and improve targeting and programming to optimize health and well-being among this population.

Trial Registration
The evaluation is registered in the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation’s (3ie) Registry for International Development Impact Evaluations (RIDIESTUDY- ID-55942496d53af) and in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202110669615387).