bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Favorable strategies for the success of entry into new technological areas: an entrepreneurial perspective
Authors: Papazoglou Michalis E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study considers the act of entering into new technological domains for R&D purposes as one of the most intense entrepreneurial activities within large established firms, referring to it as R&D entrepreneurship. Attempting to detect factors that could strengthen (or weaken) the impact of R&D entrepreneurship on innovation performance, I examine the moderating role of three important R&D strategies, namely the knowledge plurality, internal focus, and R&D collaboration. I empirically test the hypotheses developed in this study on secondary, longitudinal economic and patent data from a sample of 139 firms from the industries of pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and chemicals for a 7-year period, using fixed-effects negative binomial regression models. Findings support that the relationship between R&D entrepreneurship and innovation performance is positively moderated by knowledge plurality but negatively by internal focus and R&D collaboration.
Managing Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Across Resource Settings: Latin American Perspectives
Authors: Alvarado-Dyer Ronald , Aguilera Sergio , Chesnut Randall M. , Videtta Walter , Fischer Danilo , Jibaja Manuel , Godoy Daniel A. , Garcia Roxanna M. , Goldenberg Fernando D. , Lazaridis Christos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSevere traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a condition of increasing epidemiologic concern worldwide. Outcomes are worse as observed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) versus high-income countries. Global targets are in place to address the surgical burden of disease. At the same time, most of the published literature and evidence on the clinical approach to sTBI comes from wealthy areas with an abundance of resources. The available paradigms, including the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines, the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference, Consensus Revised Imaging and Clinical Examination, and multimodality approaches, may fit differently depending on local resources, expertise, and sociocultural factors. A first step toward addressing heterogeneity in practice is to consider comparative effectiveness approaches that can capture actual practice patterns and record short-term and long-term outcomes of interest. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) decreases intracranial pressure burden and can be lifesaving. Nevertheless, completed randomized controlled trials took place within high-income settings, leaving important questions unanswered and making extrapolations to LMICs questionable. The concept of preemptive DC specifically to address limited neuromonitoring resources may warrant further study to establish a benefit/risk profile for the procedure and its role within local protocols of care.
Probabilistic analysis of a cantilever beam subjected to random loads via probability density functions
Authors: Cortés Juan-Carlos , López-Navarro Elena , Romero José-Vicente , Roselló María-Dolores 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the probabilistic analysis of the deflection of a cantilever beam by means of a randomization of the classical governing fourth-order differential equation with null boundary conditions. The probabilistic study is based on the calculation of the first probability density function of the solution, which is a stochastic process, as well as the density function of further quantities of interest associated with this engineering problem such as the maximum slope and deflection at the free end of the cantilever beam, that are treated as random variables. In addition, the probability density function of the bending moment and the shear force will also be computed. The study takes extensive advantage of the so called Random Variable Transformation method, also known as Probability Transformation Method, that allows us to fully unify the probabilistic analysis in three relevant cases commonly studied in the deterministic setting. All the theoretical findings are illustrated via detailed numerical examples corresponding to each one of the three scenarios.
Live-streaming Activity and Relaxation Breaks: a (Home-)Office-Compatible Approach to Promote Break Recovery, Mood, and Attention?
Authors: Riedl Elisabeth Maria , Müller Annabel , Perzl Johanna , Thomas Joachim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate whether short, live-streaming activity and relaxation lunch breaks have positive associations with office workers’ mood (calmness, valence, and energetic arousal), back pain, and attention after break and whether these associations are mediated by better break recovery. Additionally, we considered the two respite interventions as resources possibly buffering the effects of elevated situational job demands. Ten-minute break exercises were conducted during lunch breaks via Zoom live-stream, and data on those days were compared with data on days on which participants spent their breaks as usual. Our sample of 34 office workers provided data for 277 work days (209 in the home office and 68 on site at the company). Multilevel path models revealed positive total associations of both respite interventions with the mood dimension of calmness. Activity breaks additionally showed a positive association with the energetic arousal dimension of mood, while relaxation breaks were positively related to objectively measured cognitive performance. Interestingly, activity breaks moderated the relationships of job demands with calmness and valence, indicating their function as a stress-buffering resource. There were no significant associations between the two respite interventions and back pain. Supplemented by participants’ feedback, the findings of this study suggest that offering short virtually guided break exercises may represent a feasible and office-compatible approach to promote break recovery, mood and functionality at work, especially regarding home-office work. Possible advantages and disadvantages of the live-streaming format are discussed.
Citizen science’s transformative impact on science, citizen empowerment and socio-political processes
Authors: von Gönner Julia , Herrmann Thora M. , Bruckermann Till , Eichinger Michael , Hecker Susanne , Klan Friederike , Lorke Julia , Richter Anett , Sturm Ulrike , Voigt-Heucke Silke , Brink Wiebke , Liedtke Christin , Premke-Kraus Matthias , Altmann Carolin , Bauhus Wilhelm , Bengtsson Luiza , Büermann Andrea , Dietrich Peter , Dörler Daniel , Eich-Brod Regina , Ferschinger Laura , Freyberg Linda , Grützner Agnes , Hammel Gertrud , Heigl Florian , Heyen Nils B. , Hölker Franz , Johannsen Carolin , Kluß Thorsten , Kluttig Thekla , Knobloch Jörn , Munke Martin , Mortega Kim , Pathe Carsten , Soßdorf Anna , Stämpfli Tiina , Thiel Christian , Tönsmann Susanne , Valentin Anke , Wagenknecht Katherin , Wegener Robert , Woll Silvia , Bonn Aletta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCitizen science (CS) can foster transformative impact for science, citizen empowerment and socio-political processes. To unleash this impact, a clearer understanding of its current status and challenges for its development is needed. Using quantitative indicators developed in a collaborative stakeholder process, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of CS in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Our online survey with 340 responses focused on CS impact through (1) scientific practices, (2) participant learning and empowerment, and (3) socio-political processes. With regard to scientific impact, we found that data quality control is an established component of CS practice, while publication of CS data and results has not yet been achieved by all project coordinators (55%). Key benefits for citizen scientists were the experience of collective impact (“making a difference together with others”) as well as gaining new knowledge. For the citizen scientists’ learning outcomes, different forms of social learning, such as systematic feedback or personal mentoring, were essential. While the majority of respondents attributed an important value to CS for decision-making, only few were confident that CS data were indeed utilized as evidence by decision-makers. Based on these results, we recommend (1) that project coordinators and researchers strengthen scientific impact by fostering data management and publications, (2) that project coordinators and citizen scientists enhance participant impact by promoting social learning opportunities and (3) that project initiators and CS networks foster socio-political impact through early engagement with decision-makers and alignment with ongoing policy processes. In this way, CS can evolve its transformative impact.
How to understand the heat island effects in high-rise compact urban canopy?
Authors: Hong Chao , Wang Yupeng , Gu Zhaolin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlleviating the urban heat island effect is of great significance to improve thermal comfort, energy saving and carbon reduction, and realize sustainable urban development. At present, several methods are developed to investigate urban heat island effect, including meteorological observation data analysis, mesoscale WRF numerical simulation and remote sensing image analysis, etc. Among them, remote sensing image is widely used in the comparative study of heat island effect in different urban development periods. The local climate zone theory (LCZs), proposed by Stewart and Oke (Bull Am Meteorol Soc 93:1879–1900, 2012) provides a new tool for the downscaling study of urban heat island effect and forms a systematic classification scheme for different urban forms and surface landscapes. The results currently using LCZs to study the heat island effect, usually illustrate the horizontal differentiation at pedestrian level. However, the high-rise compact urban canopy of megacities in China is characteristic of three-dimensional space pattern, leading to the three dimensional differentiation of urban thermal and wind environment. Together with the local climate zones, the two-layer analysis scheme of the surface building-vegetation mixing layer and high building effect layer is thus proposed in this short review to understand the three-dimensional differentiation of urban canopy. This two-layer analysis scheme will provide a new insight for the study of urban heat islands and heat mitigation, deepening the existing local climate zone theory.
Evaluation of automated anthropometrics produced by smartphone-based machine learning: a comparison with traditional anthropometric assessments
Authors: Graybeal Austin J. , Brandner Caleb F. , Tinsley Grant M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutomated visual anthropometrics produced by mobile applications are accessible and cost effective with the potential to assess clinically relevant anthropometrics without a trained technician present. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the precision and agreement of smartphone-based automated anthropometrics against reference tape measurements. Waist and hip circumference (WC; HC), waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist:height ratio (W:HT) were collected from 115 participants (69 F) using a tape measure and two smartphone applications (MeThreeSixty®, myBVI®) across multiple smartphone types. Precision metrics were used to assess test-retest precision of the automated measures. Agreement between the circumferences produced by each mobile application and the reference were assessed using equivalence testing and other validity metrics. All mobile applications across smartphone types produced reliable estimates for each variable with intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0·93 (all P < 0·001) and root mean square coefficient of variation between 0·5 and 2·5 %. Precision error for WC and HC was between 0·5 and 1·9 cm. WC, HC, and W:HT estimates produced by each mobile application demonstrated equivalence with the reference tape measurements using 5 % equivalence regions. Mean differences via paired t-tests were significant for all variables across each mobile application (all P < 0·050) showing slight underestimation for WC and slight overestimation for HC which resulted in a lack of equivalence for WHR compared with the reference tape measure. Overall, the results of our study support the use of WC and HC estimates produced from automated mobile applications, but also demonstrates the importance of accurate automation for WC and HC estimates given their influence on other anthropometric assessments and clinical health markers.
Independent Redistricting Commissions Are Associated with More Competitive Elections
Authors: Nelson Matthew 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTCompetitive elections are essential for democratic accountability, yet most US House of Representatives elections are uncompetitive. Using district-level data from 1982 to 2018, I examine the relationship between redistricting institutions and election competition. I extend the work of Carson, Crespin, and Williamson (2014) by separating independent and political commissions and find that, relative to legislative redistricting, independent commissions are 2.25 times more likely to have competitive elections, and they decrease incumbent party wins by 52%.
Quadruplets: Risks, Outcomes and a Set of Four/Twin Research Reviews and a Lawsuit: Antenatal Corticosteroids and Twins’ Neonatal Outcomes; Fathers of Twins; Doppelgängers and Similarity; Monozygotic Co-Twin Difference in Asymmetric Pigmented Paravenous Chorioretinal Atrophy/In the News: Opposite-Sex Twin Holocaust Survivors; Twin Models at Gucci; Twins With Different Fathers; Reunited Twins Enter Same Convent; Death of a Twin Soldier During Training; Surgical Separation of Conjoined Twins
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuadruplets are at elevated physical risks at prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal levels, relative to twins. A brief review of this area is followed by discussion of a female quadruplet with three co-quadruplet brothers. Next, several timely twin research reports are examined. The topics include antenatal corticosteroids and twins’ neonatal outcomes, the meaning of fatherhood in families with twins, what doppelgängers (look-alikes) reveal about physical and behavioral similarity, and monozygotic (MZ) co-twin discordance for asymmetric pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy. A lawsuit involving alleged cheating on a medical school examination by identical twins is also reviewed. General interest stories cover opposite-sex twin Holocaust survivors, twin models at a Gucci fashion show, twins with different fathers, reunited female twins who entered the same convent, the death of an MZ female twin soldier during training, and the surgical separation of conjoined twins in Brazil.
Exploring the Implications of Modeling Choices on Prediction of Irrigation Water Savings
Authors: Eluwa Chinedum , Francois Baptiste , Bernstein Alec , Brown Casey 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWater use in irrigated agriculture is high, so reducing non‐beneficial consumption (non‐crop evaporation) of irrigation water is a potential option to free up water for other users. Yet, in practice, proper water accounting and accompanying policies (e.g., caps on irrigation expansion) are necessary to ensure that reduced non‐beneficial consumption results in extra water reallocated to other uses, rather than ending up as increased beneficial consumption (crop evaporation): paradoxically counteracting reductions. The extra water for reallocation is called water savings and several studies have questioned whether previous estimates of water savings sufficiently reflect the paradox described above. However, studies that focus on the uncertainty associated with quantified estimates of irrigation water savings are rare. This study addresses that gap and explores how the modeling choices that are necessary to represent the hydrological effects of reduced non‐beneficial consumption influence the prediction of water savings. Three such modeling choices include: (a) selecting a hydrologic model to partition irrigation water into consumed (e.g., evapotranspiration) and non‐consumed (e.g., runoff) components, (b) selecting a set of hydrologic model parameters, and (c) adopting a convention to represent non‐beneficial consumption. This study also attributes the uncertainty (i.e., variance) in predicted water savings to each of these choices. The results show that parameter selection and alternative conventions of representing non‐beneficial consumption are the largest sources of uncertainty in water savings, contributing ∼49% and ∼33%, respectively, to overall variance. These results provide a quantitative estimate for the minimum range of uncertainty one may expect when considering policy options that depend on quantified estimates of water savings.
Systemic antibiotics increase microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss
Authors: Yuan Xulei , Zhou Fuyuan , Wang He , Xu Xinxin , Xu Shihan , Zhang Chuangwei , Zhang Yanan , Lu Miao , Zhang Yang , Zhou Mengjiao , Li Han , Zhang Ximu , Zhang Tingwei , Song Jinlin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis is the most widespread oral disease and is closely related to the oral microbiota. The oral microbiota is adversely affected by some pharmacologic treatments. Systemic antibiotics are widely used for infectious diseases but can lead to gut dysbiosis, causing negative effects on the human body. Whether systemic antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can affect the oral microbiota or even periodontitis has not yet been addressed. In this research, mice were exposed to drinking water containing a cocktail of four antibiotics to explore how systemic antibiotics affect microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that gut dysbiosis caused by long-term use of antibiotics can disturb the oral microbiota and aggravate periodontitis. Moreover, the expression of cytokines related to Th17 was increased while transcription factors and cytokines related to Treg were decreased in the periodontal tissue. Fecal microbiota transplantation with normal mice feces restored the gut microbiota and barrier, decreased the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota, reversed the Th17/Treg imbalance in periodontal tissue, and alleviated alveolar bone loss. This study highlights the potential adverse effects of long-term systemic antibiotics-induced gut dysbiosis on the oral microbiota and periodontitis. A Th17/Treg imbalance might be related to this relationship. Importantly, these results reveal that the periodontal condition of patients should be assessed regularly when using systemic antibiotics in clinical practice.
The development of compulsive coping behaviour is associated with a downregulation of Arc in a Locus Coeruleus neuronal ensemble
Authors: Velazquez-Sanchez Clara , Muresan Leila , Marti-Prats Lucia , Belin David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSome compulsive disorders have been considered to stem from the loss of control over coping strategies, such as displacement. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in the acquisition of coping behaviours and their subsequent compulsive manifestation in vulnerable individuals have not been elucidated. Considering the role of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenaline-dependent system in stress and related excessive behaviours, we hypothesised that neuroplastic changes in the LC may be associated with the acquisition of an adjunctive polydipsic water drinking, a prototypical displacement behaviour, and the ensuing development of compulsion in vulnerable individuals. Thus, male Sprague Dawley rats were characterised for their tendency, or not, to develop compulsive polydipsic drinking in a schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) procedure before their fresh brains were harvested. A new quantification tool for RNAscope assays revealed that the development of compulsive adjunctive behaviour was associated with a low mRNA copy number of the plasticity marker Arc in the LC which appeared to be driven by specific adaptations in an ensemble of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+, zif268− neurons. This ensemble was specifically engaged by the expression of compulsive adjunctive behaviour, not by stress, because its functional recruitment was not observed in individuals that no longer had access to the water bottle before sacrifice, while it consistently correlated with the levels of polydipsic water drinking only when it had become compulsive. Together these findings suggest that downregulation of Arc mRNA levels in a population of a TH+/zif268− LC neurons represents a signature of the tendency to develop compulsive coping behaviours.
Xanomeline restores endogenous nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling in mouse prefrontal cortex
Authors: Power Saige K. , Venkatesan Sridevi , Lambe Evelyn K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCholinergic synapses in prefrontal cortex are vital for attention, but this modulatory system undergoes substantial pre- and post-synaptic alterations during adulthood. To examine the integrated impact of these changes, we optophysiologically probe cholinergic synapses ex vivo, revealing a clear decline in neurotransmission in middle adulthood. Pharmacological dissection of synaptic components reveals a selective reduction in postsynaptic nicotinic receptor currents. Other components of cholinergic synapses appear stable, by contrast, including acetylcholine autoinhibition, metabolism, and excitation of postsynaptic muscarinic receptors. Pursuing strategies to strengthen cholinergic neurotransmission, we find that positive allosteric modulation of nicotinic receptors with NS9283 is effective in young adults but wanes with age. To boost nicotinic receptor availability, we harness the second messenger pathways of the preserved excitatory muscarinic receptors with xanomeline. This muscarinic agonist and cognitive-enhancer restores nicotinic signaling in older mice significantly, in a muscarinic- and PKC-dependent manner. The rescued nicotinic component regains youthful sensitivity to allosteric enhancement: treatment with xanomeline and NS9283 restores cholinergic synapses in older mice to the strength, speed, and receptor mechanism of young adults. Our results reveal a new and efficient strategy to rescue age-related nicotinic signaling deficits, demonstrating a novel pathway for xanomeline to restore cognitively-essential endogenous cholinergic neurotransmission.
PTBP1 drives c-Myc-dependent gastric cancer progression and stemness
Authors: Ni Tengyang , Chu Zewen , Tao Li , Zhao Yang , Zhu Miao , Luo Yuanyuan , Sunagawa Masataka , Wang Haibo , Liu Yanqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis and treatment failure are caused by cancer stem cells. Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) was shown to be involved in the development of embryonic stem cells and is now being considered as a therapeutic target for tumour progression and stem-cell characteristics.

Methods
PTBP1 expression in GC samples was detected using tissue microarrays. Proliferation, colony formation, spheroid formation and stem-cell analysis were used to examine PTBP1’s role in tumorigenesis and stem-cell maintenance. In AGS and HGC-27 cells with or without PTBP1 deficiency, ubiquitin-related protein expression and co-precipitation assays were performed.

Results
We identified that PTBP1 was aberrantly highly expressed and represented a novel prognostic factor in GC patients. PTBP1 maintained the tumorigenic activity and stem-cell characteristics of GC in vitro and in vivo. PTBP1 directly interacts with c-Myc and stabilises its protein levels by preventing its proteasomal degradation. This is mediated by upregulating the ubiquitin-specific proteases USP28 and limiting FBW7-mediated ubiquitination of c-Myc. Moreover, the depletion of PTBP1-caused tumour regression was significantly compromised by exogenous c-Myc expression.

Conclusions
By preserving the stability of c-Myc through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, the oncogene PTBP1 supports stem-cell-like phenotypes of GC and is involved in GC progression.