bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hairdos and Help-seeking: Mandatory Domestic Violence Training for Salon Workers
Authors: Novick Julia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTraditional methods to prevent and respond to domestic violence include criminal laws, national hotlines, and community programming to promote healthy relationships. Despite these methods, domestic violence continues to be a prevalent public health issue. In recent years, some states began to focus prevention and intervention efforts on the beauty industry. States including Arkansas, Illinois, Tennessee and Washington enacted laws that mandate domestic violence training for salon workers and other beauty professionals. The laws largely require salon workers to attend an informational training on domestic violence before obtaining or renewing their license. However, they do not require any affirmative action on the part of the salon worker if the client discloses that he or she is experiencing domestic violence. This paper investigates how the legislation uses the historically close relationship between hairdressers and their clients in order to achieve a unique way of reaching domestic violence victims, as well as the drawbacks to the legislative structure and atypical public health approach.
The Balancing Act in Regulation Between the FDA and the Court’s Role in Promoting Children’s Health: In re: Gerber Products Company Heavy Metals Baby Food Litigation
Authors: del Campo Daniela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInfantile food products have been at the forefront of litigation in the recent year for unsafe standards set forth by their developing companies. This recent case development explores how the Court decided on a suit brought forth against Gerber for toxic levels of heavy metals in their food. Their opinion shines a light on how upcoming larger cases against Abbott Industries for unsafe milk products might be handled. The author urges the Courts and the FDA to work together to resolve these cases in the interest of pediatric public health.
Opioid Litigation: Lessons Learned from a Retail Pharmacy Settlement
Authors: Gonick Shannon A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the opioid epidemic continues in the United States and ongoing litigation seeks to hold contributors responsible, state governments have initiated lawsuits against retail pharmacies for their role in contributing to the crisis. This article summarizes an action the State of West Virginia brought against CVS, which the parties recently settled in the fall of 2022. This article examines the unique position of retail pharmacies like CVS, which often serve as both distributors and dispensers, in contributing to the oversaturation and illicit diversion of opioid prescriptions. The article concludes by assessing the viability of potential causes of action against retail pharmacies in opioid litigation.
Moral Grandstanding and the Norms of Moral Discourse
Authors: FLOWERREE A. K. , SATTA MARK 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMoral grandstanding is the use of moral talk for self-promotion. Recent philosophical work assumes that people can often accurately identify instances of grandstanding. In contrast, we argue that people are generally unable to reliably recognize instances of grandstanding and that we are typically unjustified in judging that others are grandstanding as a result. From there we argue that, under most circumstances, to judge others as grandstanders is to fail to act with proper intellectual humility. We then examine the significance of these conclusions for moral discourse. More specifically, we propose that moral discourse should focus on others’ stated reasons and whether their actions manifest respect.
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in hospital-acquired infections and bacterial resistance at an oncology hospital
Authors: Cornejo-Juárez Patricia , Volkow-Fernández Patricia , Vázquez-Marín Carla L. , Álvarez-Romero Nancy , García-Pineda Bertha , Chavez-Chavez Tania , Vilar-Compte Diana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rates were negatively affected by the the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We describe the incidence of HAIs, main pathogens, and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) isolated in cancer patients before and during the pandemic.

Design:
This retrospective, comparative study included patients with HAIs. We compared 2 periods: the prepandemic period (2018, 2019, and the first 3 months of 2020) with the pandemic period (April–December 2020 and all of 2021).

Setting:
Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, a tertiary-care oncology public hospital in Mexico City, Mexico.

Methods:
Patients with the following HAIs were included: nosocomial pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), secondary bloodstream infection (BSI), central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLBSI), and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Demographic data, clinical characteristics, pathogens isolated, and MDRO data were included.

Results:
We identified 639 HAIs: 381 (7.95 per 100 hospital discharges) in the prepandemic period and 258 (7.17 per 100 hospital discharges) in the pandemic period. Hematologic malignancy was documented in 263 (44.3%) patients; 251 (39.2%) were in cancer progression or relapse. Nosocomial pneumonia was more frequent during the pandemic period (40.3% vs 32.3%; P = .04). Total episodes of VAP were not different between the 2 periods (28.1% vs 22.1%; P = .08), but during the pandemic period, the VAP rate was higher among COVID-19 patients than non–COVID-19 patients (72.2% vs 8.8%; P < .001). Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia cases were more frequent in the pandemic period. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)–E. coli was the only MDRO that occurred more frequently during the pandemic period.

Conclusions:
In cancer patients, nosocomial pneumonia was more frequent during the pandemic period. We did not observe a significant impact on other HAIs. MDROs did not significantly increase during the pandemic.
Against Convergence Liberalism: A Feminist Critique
Authors: Hartley Christie , Watson Lori 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConvergence liberalism has emerged as a prominent interpretation of public reason liberalism. Yet, while its main rival in the public reason literature—the Rawlsian consensus account of public reason—has faced serious scrutiny regarding its ability to secure equal citizenship forallmembers of society, especially for members of historically subordinated groups, convergence liberalism has not. With this article, we hope to start a discussion about convergence liberalism and its (in)ability to address group-based social inequalities. In particular, we aim to show that given the core features of the viewandreal-world pluralism, the policies needed to secure gender equality and protect equal citizenship for women will not be justified. We make our case by considering various inequalities that are due to the gendered division of labor and potential convergence liberal responses.
Food Sources May Affect the Symptom Rates of COVID-19, an Epidemiological Analysis Based on the Public Data in Gansu Province, China, During the Summer Epidemic Cycle in 2022
Authors: Xu Rui , Hu Jin-Peng , Chen Li-Li , Miao Jun-Fang , Wang Qiang , Hu Ji-Jun , Chang Xu-Hong , Zhang Jin-Lin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
According to the public data collected from the Health Commission of Gansu Province, China, regarding the COVID-19 pandemic during the summer epidemic cycle in 2022, the epidemiological analysis showed that the pandemic spread stability and the symptom rate (the number of confirmed cases divided by the sum of the number of asymptomatic cases and the number of confirmed cases) of COVID-19 were different among 3 main epidemic regions, Lanzhou, Linxia, and Gannan; both the symptom rate and the daily instantaneous symptom rate (daily number of confirmed cases divided by the sum of daily number of asymptomatic cases and daily number of confirmed cases) in Lanzhou were substantially higher than those in Linxia and Gannan. The difference in the food sources due to the high difference of the population ethnic composition in the 3 regions was probably the main driver for the difference of the symptom rates among the 3 regions. This work provides potential values for prevention and control of COVID-19 in different regions.
Microbial gut dysbiosis induced by xenobiotics in model organisms and the relevance of experimental criteria: a minireview
Authors: Ibarra-Mendoza Beatriz , Gomez-Gil Bruno , Betancourt-Lozano Miguel , Raggi Luciana , Yáñez-Rivera Beatriz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The gut microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem involved in multiple physiological processes that affect host health. Several factors affect intestinal microbial communities including dietary exposure to xenobiotics, which is highly concerning due to their widespread distribution. Current knowledge of this topic comes from culture-dependent methods, 16S rRNA amplicon fingerprinting, and metagenomics, but a standardised procedures framework remains lacking. This minireview integrates 45 studies from a systematic search using terms related to gut microbiota and its disruption. Only publications encompassing dietary-oral exposure and experimental gut microbiota assessments were included. The results were divided and described according to the biological model used and the disruption observed in the gut microbiota. An overall dysbiotic effect was unclear due to the variety of contaminants and hosts evaluated and the experimental gaps between publications. More standardised experimental designs, including WGS and physiological tests, are needed to establish how a particular xenobiotic can alter the gut microbiota and how the results can be extrapolated.
Sickness presenteeism in healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An observational cohort study
Authors: Linsenmeyer Katherine , Mohr David , Gupta Kalpana , Doshi Sucheta , Gifford Allen L. , Charness Michael E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSickness presenteeism among healthcare workers (HCW) risks nosocomial infection, but its prevalence among HCW with COVID-19 is unknown. Contemporaneous interviews revealed a sickness presenteeism prevalence of 49.8% among 255 HCW with symptomatic COVID-19. Presenteeism prevalence did not differ among HCW with and without specific COVID-19 symptoms or direct patient care.
Two-dimensional study on the motion and interactions of squirmers under gravity in a vertical channel
Authors: Nie Deming , Ying Yuxiang , Guan Geng , Lin Jianzhong , Ouyang Zhenyu 
Published: April 2023

We simulated the motions and interactions of circular squirmers under gravity in a two-dimensional channel at finite fluid inertia, aiming to provide a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic features of swimming microorganisms or engineered microswimmers. In addition to a squirmer-type factor (β), another control parameter (α) was introduced, representing ratio of the self-propelling strength to the sedimentation strength of squirmers. Simulations were performed at 0.4 ≤ α ≤ 1.2 and −5 ≤ β ≤ 5. We first considered the sedimentation of a single squirmer. Five patterns were revealed, depending on both α and β: steady downward falling, steady inclined falling or rising and small-scale or large-scale oscillating. Compared with a pusher (β < 0, gaining thrust from rear), a puller (β > 0, gaining thrust from front) is more likely to break down its symmetrical structure and subsequently lose stability, owing to the high-pressure regions on its lateral sides. Typically, a pusher settles faster than a puller, whereas a neutral squirmer (β = 0) settles in between. This is related to the ‘trailing negative flow’ behind a pusher and ‘leading negative flow’ before a puller. We then placed two squirmers in line with the gravity direction to study their interactions. Results show pullers attract each other and come into contact as a result of the low-pressure regions between them, whereas the opposite is observed for pushers. The interactions between two pullers are illustrated by their respective patterns. In contrast, pushers never come into contact and maintain distance from each other with increasing separation. We finally examined how a puller interacts with a pusher.
Breaking of ensemble equivalence for dense random graphs under a single constraint
Authors: Den Hollander Frank , Markering Maarten 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo ensembles are frequently used to model random graphs subject to constraints: the microcanonical ensemble (= hard constraint) and the canonical ensemble (= soft constraint). It is said that breaking of ensemble equivalence (BEE) occurs when the specific relative entropy of the two ensembles does not vanish as the size of the graph tends to infinity. Various examples have been analysed in the literature. It was found that BEE is the rule rather than the exception for two classes of constraints: sparse random graphs when the number of constraints is of the order of the number of vertices, and dense random graphs when there are two or more constraints that are frustrated. We establish BEE for a third class: dense random graphs with a single constraint on the density of a given simple graph. We show that BEE occurs in a certain range of choices for the density and the number of edges of the simple graph, which we refer to as the BEE-phase. We also show that, in part of the BEE-phase, there is a gap between the scaling limits of the averages of the maximal eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of the random graph under the two ensembles, a property that is referred to as the spectral signature of BEE. We further show that in the replica symmetric region of the BEE-phase, BEE is due to the coexistence of two densities in the canonical ensemble.
INFINITARY LOGIC HAS NO EXPRESSIVE EFFICIENCY OVER FINITARY LOGIC
Authors: HARRISON-TRAINOR MATTHEW , KRETSCHMER MILES 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We can measure the complexity of a logical formula by counting the number of alternations between existential and universal quantifiers. Suppose that an elementary first-order formula

$\varphi $

(in

$\mathcal {L}_{\omega ,\omega }$

) is equivalent to a formula of the infinitary language

$\mathcal {L}_{\infty ,\omega }$

with n alternations of quantifiers. We prove that

$\varphi $

is equivalent to a finitary formula with n alternations of quantifiers. Thus using infinitary logic does not allow us to express a finitary formula in a simpler way.
PARTITIONING THE REAL LINE INTO BOREL SETS
Authors: BRIAN WILL 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor which infinite cardinals
$\kappa $
is there a partition of the real line
${\mathbb R}$
into precisely
$\kappa $
Borel sets? Work of Lusin, Souslin, and Hausdorff shows that
${\mathbb R}$
can be partitioned into
$\aleph _1$
Borel sets. But other than this, we show that the spectrum of possible sizes of partitions of
${\mathbb R}$
into Borel sets can be fairly arbitrary. For example, given any
$A \subseteq \omega $
with
$0,1 \in A$
, there is a forcing extension in which
${A = \{ n :\, \text {there is a partition of } {{\mathbb R}} \text { into }\aleph _n\text { Borel sets}\}}$
. We also look at the corresponding question for partitions of
${\mathbb R}$
into closed sets. We show that, like with partitions into Borel sets, the set of all uncountable
$\kappa $
such that there is a partition of
${\mathbb R}$
into precisely
$\kappa $
closed sets can be fairly arbitrary.
The Pink Tide and Income Inequality in Latin America
Authors: Feierherd Germán , Larroulet Patricio , Long Wei , Lustig Nora 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTLatin American countries experienced a significant reduction in income inequality at the turn of the twenty-first century. From the early 2000s to around 2012, the average Gini coefficient fell from 0.51 to 0.47. The period of falling inequality coincided with leftist presidential candidates achieving electoral victories across the region: by 2009, 11 of the 17 countries had a leftist president—the so-called Pink Tide. Using a difference-in-differences design, a range of econometric models, inequality measurements, and samples, this study finds evidence that leftist governments lowered income inequality faster than non-leftist regimes, increasing the income share captured by the first 7 deciles at the expense of the top 10 percent. The analysis suggests that this reduction was achieved by increasing social pensions, minimum wages, and tax revenue.
Invisible Geographies: A Study of Migration and Male Homoeroticism in Tijuana through Spinozist Affects
Authors: Perez Toledo Rodrigo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAffect-based studies consider that peoples’ lives and behaviors cannot be entirely grasped and understood by rational choice models. The main goal of this article is to understand how factors like sexuality and migration affect the relations between people and spaces. Following Spinoza’s Ethics and subsequent interpretations, the article considers that bodies are influenced by previous interactions and act accordingly, and that space is a relational mode of substance perceived through attributes and modes affecting individuals and articulating the relationship of space, sexuality, and migration. This research studies same-sex-attracted men who moved to Tijuana, Mexico. Results show that affects (expressed through actions and passions) inform people’s relations to space based on their valorization of life events and expectations; that the meanings of space are personally constructed, relational, volatile, and invisible to others; and that most interviewees didn’t feel comfortable avowing to the gay identity but identified themselves as such, since, to some extent, gayness can escape from the moral stigma of male-male interaction in Latin America.
KRONECKER LIMIT FUNCTIONS AND AN EXTENSION OF THE ROHRLICH–JENSEN FORMULA
Authors: COGDELL JAMES W. , JORGENSON JAY , SMAJLOVIĆ LEJLA 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn [20], Rohrlich proved a modular analog of Jensen’s formula. Under certain conditions, the Rohrlich–Jensen formula expresses an integral of the log-norm
$\log \Vert f \Vert $
of a
${\mathrm {PSL}}(2,{\mathbb {Z}})$
modular form f in terms of the Dedekind Delta function evaluated at the divisor of f. In [2], the authors re-interpreted the Rohrlich–Jensen formula as evaluating a regularized inner product of
$\log \Vert f \Vert $
and extended the result to compute a regularized inner product of
$\log \Vert f \Vert $
with what amounts to powers of the Hauptmodul of
$\mathrm {PSL}(2,{\mathbb {Z}})$
. In the present article, we revisit the Rohrlich–Jensen formula and prove that in the case of any Fuchsian group of the first kind with one cusp it can be viewed as a regularized inner product of special values of two Poincaré series, one of which is the Niebur–Poincaré series and the other is the resolvent kernel of the Laplacian. The regularized inner product can be seen as a type of Maass–Selberg relation. In this form, we develop a Rohrlich–Jensen formula associated with any Fuchsian group
$\Gamma $
of the first kind with one cusp by employing a type of Kronecker limit formula associated with the resolvent kernel. We present two examples of our main result: First, when
$\Gamma $
is the full modular group
${\mathrm {PSL}}(2,{\mathbb {Z}})$
, thus reproving the theorems from [2]; and second when
$\Gamma $
is an Atkin–Lehner group
$\Gamma _{0}(N)^+$
, where explicit computations of inner products are given for certain levels N when the quotient space
$\overline {\Gamma _{0}(N)^+}\backslash \mathbb {H}$
has genus zero, one, and two.
Simulating Party Shares
Authors: Cohen Denis , Hanretty Chris 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe tackle the problem of simulating seat- and vote-shares for a party system of a given size. We show how these shares can be generated using unordered and ordered Dirichlet distributions. We show that a distribution with a mean vector given by the rule described in Taagepera and Allik (2006, Electoral Studies 25, 696–713) fits real-world data almost as well as a saturated model where there is a parameter for each rank/system size combination.
Diet supplementation of organic zinc positively affects growth, antioxidant capacity, immune response and lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides
Authors: He Xuanshu , Chen Anqi , Liao Zhihong , Zhang Yufan , Lin Gang , Zhuang Zhenxiao , Liu Yantao , Wei Hanlin , Wang Ziqiao , Wang Yingjie , Niu Jin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractZn is an important trace element involved in various biochemical processes in aquatic species. An 8-week rearing trial was thus conducted to investigate the effects of Zn on juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by feeding seven diets, respectively, supplemented with no Zn (Con), 60 and 120 mg/kg inorganic Zn (Sul60 and Sul120), and 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg organic Zn (Bio30, Bio60, Bio90 and Bio120). Sul120 and Bio120 groups showed significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate than Con group, with Bio60 group obtaining the lowest viscerosomatic index and hepatosomatic index. 60 or 90 mg/kg organic Zn significantly facilitated whole body Zn retention. Up-regulation of hepatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and decline of malondialdehyde contents indicated augmented antioxidant capacities by organic Zn. Zn treatment also lowered plasma aminotransferase levels while promoting acid phosphatase activity and hepatic transcription levels of alp1, acp1 and lyz-c than deprivation of Zn. The alterations in whole body and liver crude lipid and plasma TAG contents illustrated the regulatory effect of Zn on lipid metabolism, which could be possibly attributed to the changes in hepatic expressions of acc1, pparγ, atgl and cpt1. These findings demonstrated the capabilities of Zn in potentiating growth and morphological performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity as well as regulating lipid metabolism in M. salmoides. Organic Zn could perform comparable effects at same or lower supplementation levels than inorganic Zn, suggesting its higher efficiency. 60 mg/kg supplementation of organic Zn could effectively cover the requirements of M. salmoides.
Lending Next to the Courthouse: Exposure to Adverse Events and Mortgage Lending Decisions
Authors: Huo Da (Derek) , Sun Bo , Tai Mingzhu , Xuan Yuhai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdverse market events can affect credit supply not only by hurting financial fundamentals but also by changing the risk-taking behaviors of individual decision-makers. We provide micro-level evidence of this individual decision-making channel in the U.S. mortgage market. We find that mortgage application rejection rates are more sensitive to foreclosure intensity when loan officers are more exposed to foreclosure news, despite the same housing market and bank fundamentals. Loans originated from the affected branches have lower ex post default rates, consistent with higher lending standards being applied. In the aggregate, this effect results in tighter credit supply during housing market downturns.
An Experiment in Tight Monetary Policy: Revisiting the 1920–1921 Depression
Authors: Carlin Bruce , Mann William 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIs there a trade-off between the short-run and long-run real effects of monetary policy “leaning against the wind”? We provide novel evidence on this question from the United States in 1920–1921. Our identification strategy exploits county-level variation in access to the Federal Reserve’s discount window, and hand-collected data on banking and agriculture in Illinois. In the short term, tightened conditions at the discount window decreased bank lending and lowered crop prices and farm revenues. In the long term, however, they lowered debt-to-output levels and led to greater farmland utilization, suggesting an avoidance of debt overhang problems.