bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pencil-Shaped 9- Level Multilevel Inverter
Authors:   SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tamilnadu, India, R Roja , JS Dr Sivaprakash 
Published: April 2023

It is suggested to build a 9-level pencil-shaped (PS) inverter with a minimum of two DC supplies. Low component multilevel inverters (MLIs) employ extra conducting switches in addition to the DC supply. •	This suggested MLI is more effective since it uses fewer power electronic switches. The architecture enables a higher voltage level inverter with a modular design that uses fewer DC supplies and does it appropriately without the need for an additional H-bridge circuit. Additionally, a control plan is suggested for distributing loads equally in a nine-level architecture. •	The potential for equitable load distribution in higher-level designs and fundamental frequency switching of switches carrying larger voltage strains are also being looked into. Through simulations and experimental experiments, several notions are validated. The simplified formulae for the suggested inverter parameters are built to determine their optimal capabilities. •	Additionally, an optimal PSMLI design is created using the expanded model of the suggested architecture to reduce the inverter's total standing voltage (TSV). Comparison studies are provided to support the proposed inverter and show its benefits over recent MLIs of comparable sorts. •	Through accurate simulation and lab tests, the MLI was able to achieve a greater efficiency of 95.54%. The improved 17-level version of PSMLI, on the other hand, achieved IEEE 519 standard performance with total harmonic distortions (THD) of just 5.15%. Key Word: Multi-level inverter, power electronics, switched capacitor, voltage boost, nearest level control.
METODE MENGAJAR: KAJIAN RELASI ANTARA PENDIDIKAN GEREJA DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOLOGIS
Authors: Puspito Indro 
Published: April 2023

Tugas pendidikan yang paling mulia, yaitu pembinaan sikap hidup yang merupakan unsur utama pengembangan watak. Persoalan yang muncul pada fenome lapangan adalah: Apakah yang dimaksud dengan Pendidikan yang Alkitab? Bagaimana Bentuk dalam Pendidikan Gereja? Bagaimanakah Metode Mengajar menjadi Relasi antara Bentuk Pendidikan Gereja dengan Perkembangan Psikologis? Jawaban adalah: Pertama, pendidikan yang Alkitab adalah usaha menumbuhkembangkan wawasan, kemampuan dan sikap hidup peserta didik melalui pengajaran dan teladan pendidiknya, agar (tujuannya) menjadi pribadi yang beriman, berintegritas, berwatak seperti Yesus dan mampu menggunakan imannya dalam menjawab tantangan hidup serta mampu memanusiakan sesamanya dengan berbagai kehidupan yang telah dikaruniakan Tuhan yang diberikan kepada anak-anak sejak kecil dan diajarkan oleh orang-orang yang mempunyai karunia, cakap mengajar dan keteladan hidup yang nyata berdasarkan nilai-nilai Alkitab. Kedua, bentuk pendidikan Kristen dalam gereja dilakukan sesuai kebutuhan para jemaat di gereja dengan cara bekerja sebagai pengemngembangan dalam adalah: (1) PAK Anak dalam Ibadah Sekolah Minggu, (2) PAK Remaja dalam Ibadah Remaja, (3) PAK Pemuda dalam Ibadah Pemuda, dan (4) PAK Dewasa dalam Ibadah Dewasa. Ketiga, metode mengajar menjadi relasi antara bentuk pendidikan gereja dengan perkembangan psikologis sebagai berikut: (a) Metode Mengajar Anak: (b) Cerita dalam arti yang sesungguhnya. (2) Lambang-lambang, gambar, audio-visual. (c) Alat ini dibutuhkan untuk membentuk anak mengerti dan menghayati ke dalam kisah yang dibawakan guru. (2) Perkembangan Psikoliogis Remaja: (a) Metode yang berpusatkan pada guru, (b) Metode yang menekankan team work, (c) Metode yang berpusatkan pada guru dan murid, (d) Metode dengan alat peraga, (e) Metode yang dilakukan outdoor, dan (f) Penggabungan beberapa metode sekaligus. (3) Metode mengajar pemuda berikut: (a) Metode yang berpusatkan pada guru, (b) Metode yang menekankan team work, (c) Metode yang berpusatkan pada guru dan murid, (d) Metode dengan alat peraga, (e) Metode yang dilakukan outdoor, dan (f) Penggabungan beberapa metode sekaligus. (4) Metode Mengajar Dewasa berikut: (a) Metode ceramah, (b) Metode menghafalkan, (c) Metode dialog, (d) Metode studi kasus, ( e) Metode perjumpaan, dan (f) Metode perbuatan simbol.
Relationship between respiratory muscles ultrasound parameters and running tests performance in adolescent football players. A pilot study
Authors: Pałac Małgorzata , Sikora Damian , Wolny Tomasz , Linek Paweł 
Published: April 2023

PurposeAssessing the relationship between ultrasound imaging of respiratory muscles during tidal breathing and running tests (endurance and speed) in adolescent football players.MethodsUltrasound parameters of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles (shear modulus, thickness, excursion, and velocity), speed (30-m distance), and endurance parameters (multi-stage 20-m shuttle run test) were measured in 22 male adolescent football players. The relation between ultrasound and running tests were analysed by Spearman’s correlation.ResultsDiaphragm shear modulus at the end of tidal inspiration was moderately negatively (R = − 0.49; p = 0.2) correlated with the speed score at 10 m. The diaphragm and intercostal muscle shear modulus ratio was moderately to strongly negatively correlated with the speed score at 10 m and 30 m (aboutR = − 0.48; p = 0.03). Diaphragm excursion was positively correlated with the speed score at 5 m (R = 0.46; p = 0.04) and 10 m (R = 0.52; p = 0.02). Diaphragm velocity was moderately positively correlated with the speed score at 5 m (R = 0.42; p = 0.06) and 30 m (R = 0.42; p = 0.07). Ultrasound parameters were not significantly related to all endurance parameters (R ≤ 0.36; p ≥ 0.11).ConclusionsUltrasound parameters of the respiratory muscles are related to speed score in adolescent football players. The current state of knowledge does not allow us to clearly define how important the respiratory muscles’ ultrasound parameters can be in predicting some performance parameters in adolescent athletes.
Effect of Different Doses of Irradiation on the Germination of Varieties of Maize Developing against the Fall Armyworm in the Central African Republic
Authors: Reo-Ndouba Rufin , Aba-Toumnou Lucie , Allah-Barem Félix , Doukofiona Augustin , Mbenda Steve Dieudonné , Kaïne Jephté Juste , Zinga Innocent , Semballa Silla , Bell Joseph Antoine 
Published: April 2023

Maize is a major crop feeding 80% of the population of the Central African Republic (CAF). However, the country is not yet self-sufficient in its maize need and continues to rely partially on imports. Exacerbating this situation is the recent invasive spread of the fall armyworm attributed to change in weather patterns since 2016 which has been decimating the crop leading to drastic yield losses. Various control measures continue to be tested globally for the control of FAW, including chemical control, biological control using microbial organisms and predatory insects that attack FAW, use of genetically modified crops with Bt genes, and integrated pest management. However, the use of developing genetic resistance in maize against the pest remains under-explored. We focused research on initiating a mutation breeding effort in maize in CAF.
The goal of this experience is to determinate the optimal dose from radio-sensitivity test of CMS8704 (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy), CMS 2019 (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy), CMS 8501 (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) and local ecotypes (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy).
200 seeds are bulk to irradiation with different doses (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy). The test of germination is carried out on 200 seeds four varieties. The treated seeds are sown at equal depths in a tray filled with soil/compost or can as well sow in natural condition on the field just to assure that the soil surface is flat, and the treated seeds are sown at equal depth containing the five treatments in rows of 200s seed each for one control and each treatment. Per assay three replicates are performed, one tray per replicate. Fourteen days after sowing, the seedling height and survival is measured to determine the Growth Reduction Value 50 or GR50.
All seeds from different doses (CMS-20 19, CMS87 04 and the Local ecotype) were germinated from different doses (100Gy, 200Gy and 300Gy) and did be presented the symptom of FAW. However, for the CMS85 01, all seeds from different doses (100Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy; 400Gy and 500Gy) were germinated as the control, but the major of plants are attacked by the FAW (Fall Armyworm).
Comparison of Propylthiouracil vs Methimazole for Thyroid Storm in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Lee Sun Y. , Modzelewski Katherine L. , Law Anica C. , Walkey Allan J. , Pearce Elizabeth N. , Bosch Nicholas A. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceThyroid storm is the most severe form of thyrotoxicosis, with high mortality, and is treated with propylthiouracil and methimazole. Some guidelines recommend propylthiouracil over methimazole, although the difference in outcomes associated with each treatment is unclear.ObjectiveTo compare outcomes associated with use of propylthiouracil vs methimazole for the treatment of thyroid storm.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis comparative effectiveness study comprised a large, multicenter, US-based cohort from the Premier Healthcare Database between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. It included 1383 adult patients admitted to intensive or intermediate care units with a diagnosis of thyroid storm per International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes and treated with either propylthiouracil or methimazole. Analyses were conducted from July 2022 to February 2023.ExposurePatients received either propylthiouracil or methimazole for treatment of thyroid storm. Exposure was assigned based on the initial thionamide administered.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the adjusted risk difference of in-hospital death or discharge to hospice between patients treated with propylthiouracil and those treated with methimazole, assessed by targeted maximum likelihood estimation.ResultsA total of 1383 patients (656 [47.4%] treated with propylthiouracil; mean [SD] age, 45 [16] years; 473 women [72.1%]; and 727 [52.6%] treated with methimazole; mean [SD] age, 45 [16] years; 520 women [71.5%]) were included in the study. The standardized mean difference for age was 0.056, and the standardized mean difference for sex was 0.013. The primary composite outcome occurred in 7.4% of of patients (102 of 1383; 95% CI, 6.0%-8.8%). A total of 8.5% (56 of 656; 95% CI, 6.4%-10.7%) of patients who initiated propylthiouracil and 6.3% (46 of 727; 95% CI, 4.6%-8.1%) who initiated methimazole died in the hospital (adjusted risk difference, 0.6% [95% CI, −1.8% to 3.0%]; P = .64). There were no significant differences in duration of organ support, total hospitalization costs, or rates of adverse events between the 2 treatment groups.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this comparative effectiveness study of a multicenter cohort of adult patients with thyroid storm, no significant differences were found in mortality or adverse events in patients who were treated with propylthiouracil or methimazole. Thus, current guidelines recommending propylthiouracil over methimazole for treatment of thyroid storm may merit reevaluation.
Glycemic Control Over Multiple Decades and Dementia Risk in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Moran Chris , Lacy Mary E. , Whitmer Rachel A. , Tsai Ai-Lin , Quesenberry Charles P. , Karter Andrew J. , Adams Alyce S. , Gilsanz Paola 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceThe levels of glycemic control associated with the lowest risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes are unknown. This knowledge is critical to inform patient-centered glycemic target setting.ObjectiveTo examine the associations between cumulative exposure to various ranges of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations with dementia risk across sex and racial and ethnic groups and the association of current therapeutic glycemic targets with dementia risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included members of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health care system with type 2 diabetes who were aged 50 years or older during the study period from January 1, 1996, to September 30, 2015. Individuals with fewer than 2 HbA1c measurements during the study period, prevalent dementia at baseline, or less than 3 years of follow-up were excluded. Data were analyzed from February 2020 to January 2023.ExposuresTime-updated cumulative exposure to HbA1c thresholds. At each HbA1c measurement, participants were categorized based on the percentage of their HbA1c measurements that fell into the following categories: less than 6%, 6% to less than 7%, 7% to less than 8%, 8% to less than 9%, 9% to less than 10%, and 10% or more of total hemoglobin (to convert percentage of total hemoglobin to proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01).Main Outcomes and MeasuresDementia diagnosis was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes from inpatient and outpatient encounters. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the association of time-varying cumulative glycemic exposure with dementia, adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, baseline health conditions, and number of HbA1c measurements.ResultsA total of 253 211 participants were included. The mean (SD) age of participants was 61.5 (9.4) years, and 53.1% were men. The mean (SD) duration of follow-up was 5.9 (4.5) years. Participants with more than 50% of HbA1c measurements at 9% to less than 10% or 10% or more had greater risk of dementia compared with those who had 50% or less of measurements in those categories (HbA1c 9% to &amp;lt;10%: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.31 [95% CI, 1.15-1.51]; HbA1c≥10%: aHR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.62-1.86]). By contrast, participants with more than 50% of HbA1c concentrations less than 6%, 6% to less than 7%, or 7% to less than 8% had lower risk of dementia (HbA1c&amp;lt;6%: aHR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88-0.97]; HbA1c 6% to &amp;lt;7%: aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.77-0.81]; HbA1c 7% to &amp;lt;8%: aHR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.89-0.97]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study dementia risk was greatest among adults with cumulative HbA1c concentrations of 9% or more. These results support currently recommended relaxed glycemic targets for older people with type 2 diabetes.
Development of Electro‐Conductive Composite Bioinks for Electrohydrodynamic Bioprinting with Microscale Resolution
Authors: Kasimu Ayiguli , Zhu Hui , Meng Zijie , Qiu Zhennan , Wang Yutao , Li Dichen , He Jiankang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBioprinting has attracted extensive attention in the field of tissue engineering due to its unique capability in constructing biomimetic tissue constructs in a highly controlled manner. However, it is still challenging to reproduce the physical and structural properties of native electroactive tissues due to the poor electroconductivity of current bioink systems as well as the limited printing resolution of conventional bioprinting techniques. In this work, an electro‐conductive hydrogel is prepared by introducing poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) into an RGD (GGGGRGDSP)‐functionalized alginate and fibrin system (RAF), and then electrohydrodynamic (EHD)‐bioprinted to form living tissue constructs with microscale resolution. The addition of 0.1 (w/v%) PEDOT: PSS increases the electroconductivity to 1.95 ± 0.21 S m−1 and simultaneously has little effect on cell viability. Compared with pure RAF bioink, the presence of PEDOT: PSS expands the printable parameters for EHD‐bioprinting, and hydrogel filaments with the smallest feature size of 48.91 ± 3.44 µm can be obtained by further optimizing process parameters. Furthermore, the EHD‐bioprinted electro‐conductive living tissue constructs with improved resolution show good viability (>85%). The synergy of the advanced electro‐conductive hydrogel and EHD‐bioprinting presented here may provide a promising approach for engineering electro‐conductive and cell‐laden constructs for electroactive tissue engineering.
Dynamic Networks of Cellulose Nanofibrils Enable Highly Conductive and Strong Polymer Gel Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen , Heasman Patrick , Rostami Jowan , Benselfelt Tobias , Linares Mathieu , Li Hailong , Iakunkov Artem , Sellman Farhiya , Östmans Rebecca , Hamedi Mahiar Max , Zozoulenko Igor , Wågberg Lars 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTunable dynamic networks of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are utilized to prepare high‐performance polymer gel electrolytes. By swelling an anisotropically dewatered, but never dried, CNF gel in acidic salt solutions, a highly sparse network is constructed with a fraction of CNFs as low as 0.9%, taking advantage of the very high aspect ratio and the ultra‐thin thickness of the CNFs (micrometers long and 2–4 nm thick). These CNF networks expose high interfacial areas and can accommodate massive amounts of the ionic conductive liquid polyethylene glycol‐based electrolyte into strong homogeneous gel electrolytes. In addition to the reinforced mechanical properties, the presence of the CNFs simultaneously enhances the ionic conductivity due to their excellent strong water‐binding capacity according to computational simulations. This strategy renders the electrolyte a room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 0.61 ± 0.12 mS cm−1 which is one of the highest among polymer gel electrolytes. The electrolyte shows superior performances as a separator for lithium iron phosphate half‐cells in high specific capacity (161 mAh g−1 at 0.1C), excellent rate capability (5C), and cycling stability (94% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 1C) at 60 °C, as well as stable room temperature cycling performance and considerably improved safety compared with commercial liquid electrolyte systems.
All‐Polymer Fiber Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Chronic Chemical Detection in the Brain
Authors: Feng Jianyou , Fang Yuan , Wang Chuang , Chen Chuanrui , Tang Chengqiang , Guo Yue , Wang Liyuan , Yang Yiqing , Zhang Kailin , Wang Jiajia , Chen Jiawei , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContinuous and precise monitoring of chemicals in the brain can assist in understanding the working mechanism of the brain and exploring therapeutics for nerve disorders. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are employed for this purpose due to their high sensitivity from the in situ amplification effect. However, the chronic and stable detection of chemicals in the brain is rarely reported for OECTs. It is possibly due to the chronic inflammation from mechanical mismatch between the device and soft brain tissue as well as the biofouling that hinder the diffusion of chemicals to decrease the sensitivity similar to other implanted devices. Therefore, an all‐polymer fiber OECT (PF‐OECT) is designed, composed solely of conductive polymers and fluorine rubber. The PF‐OECT shows matching modulus with the soft brain tissue and good anti‐biofouling performance. It also demonstrates both high sensitivity and electrochemical stability under dynamic deformations and in complex protein solutions. Finally, the PF‐OECT is implanted into the mouse brain, achieving a stable 14‐day ascorbic acid monitoring. The design strategy of PF‐OECT presents a potential avenue for developing more biomedical devices.
Cation Exchange Membranes with Bi‐Functional Sites Induced Synergistic Hydrophilic Networks for Selective Proton Transport
Authors: Zhu Yanran , Chen Qian , Zhou Yue , Li Xingya , Ge Liang , Xu Tongwen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcid recycling via cation exchange membranes (CEMs) has attracted considerable attention from traditional industries and advanced manufacturing because of the economic and environmental advantages. However, current polymeric CEMs merely have constant ion channels by the fixed groups in the matrix and lack the synergy of bi‐functional sites. Herein, a series of dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 (DB18C6) functionalized sulfonated poly(biphenyl alkylene) membranes is reported. The resultant membranes form phase separation and ordered ion channels by the electrostatic interaction between DB18C6‐H+ complexes and the SO3− anionic sites, constructing a low‐swelling synergistic hydrophilic network. The prepared membranes have high proton permeation rates of 2.98‐4.85 mol m−2 h‐1 and extremely low ferrous ion permeabilities, leading to a high H+/Fe2+ selectivity of ≈3153 at the current density of 10 mA cm‐2, which is one order of magnitude higher than the commercial and previously reported membranes via the electrodialysis. These results provide strategies for designing bi‐functional ion exchange membranes for selective ion transport via utilizing crown ether/cation complexes.
Marangoni Flow Driven via Hole Structure of Soluble Acene–Polymer Blends for Selective Nitrogen Dioxide Sensing
Authors: Lee Jung Hun , Lee Seunghan , Lee Hoonkyung , Choi Hyun Ho , Chae Huijeong , Kim Youngnan , Yang Seok Joo , Anthony John E. , Jang Ho Won , Won Sang Min , Lee Wi Hyoung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe correlations between semiconductor type and gas sensing properties in soluble acene/polymer blends have not yet been examined. Here, the phase separation mechanism in pseudo‐liquid phase blend film is investigated and an unusual solid‐state morphology that is effective for amperometric gas sensing performance is demonstrated. In 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS–pentacene)/poly(fluorine‐co‐triarylamine) (PTAA) blend, two phases are uniformly mixed, without being completely phase‐separated due to the similar solubility and surface tension. On the other hand, in 2,8‐difluoro‐5,11‐bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF–TES ADT)/PTAA blend, the diF−TES ADT molecules are segregated both at the air–film, and film–substrate interfaces, and subsequently crystallized with a high degree of crystal perfection. In the meanwhile, Marangoni‐flow induces crater‐like via hole structure of PTAA at the middle layer. In situ measurement of (ultraviolet–visible) UV–vis absorption spectra and computational calculation reveal kinetics of liquid–solid–crystal transition in relation to the functional groups of soluble acene. Interestingly, flow driven hole structure of PTAA in diF–TES ADT/PTAA blend film allows the target NO2 gas to selectively penetrate the channel region, thereby enhancing sensitivity toward NO2, while decreasing affinity with other gases. The results provide protocols for fabricating highlperformance field‐effect transistors and gas sensors in a blending system.