bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential thrombocytosis: diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications and treatment considerations of relevance for a cardiologist
Authors: Kuipers R. S. , Kok L. , Virmani R. , Tefferi A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEssential thrombocytosis (ET) is a rare haematological malignancy, with an incidence rate of 1.5–2.5/100,000 per year. For many patients with ET the first manifestation of their underlying disease is a thrombotic or haemorrhagic complication. A recent retrospective study revealed an incidence rate of at least 2.1% in people under 40 years presenting with an acute coronary syndrome, although the diagnosis was initially missed in all cases. Thus, cardiologists face a much higher than average incidence rate of ET in their daily practice, but seem insufficiently aware of the disease. The current review summarises symptoms, (differential) diagnosis, complications and treatment considerations of ET of relevance for a cardiologist. Typical symptoms, besides thrombosis and haemorrhage, include erythromelalgia and aquagenic pruritus, while platelets > 450 × 109/l are a diagnostic for ET once other myeloproliferative neoplasms, secondary and spurious thrombocytosis have been excluded. With regard to treatment, timing of revascularisation depends on the presence of ischaemia and concurrent platelet counts. In the presence of ischaemia, revascularisation should not be delayed and adequate platelet counts can be achieved by platelet apheresis. In the absence of ischaemia, revascularisation can be delayed until adequate platelet counts have been achieved by cytoreductive therapies. Cardiologists should be aware of/screen for possible ET.
Lithological and Alteration Mapping at the Um El-Rus Area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt, Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Anwar M. , Abu El-Leil I. , Salem S. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study aims at discriminating the rock units and mapping the alteration zones from their host rocks, as promised targets for mineral exploration in Um El-Rus area using the widely considered ASTER data. Several remote sensing techniques were integrated for the lithological discrimination and alteration zone delineation. The approach methodology was able to map the various rock units and define the contacts between them precisely. Moreover, the spatial abundances of the alteration minerals (e.g., alunite, iron oxides, chlorite, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and sericite) were mapped as an indication of the occurrence of alteration zones. More addition, the lineaments in the study area were extracted automatically using the PCI Geomatics software. Areas with considerable lineament density may indicate high potentiality for mineralization as these lineaments may represent faults and fractures that are the main channel ways for hydrothermal solutions to migrate through. This study yielded a modified geological map with enhanced lithological boundaries depending on the remote sensing data. Five localities were delineated and regarded as alteration zones with high potentiality for mineralization. A field visit was conducted to the study area through which the obtained results were validated. Field observations maintained the high accuracy of the obtained enhanced lithological map. During the field study, several alteration indicators were observed, including, quartz veins/veinlets, kaolinitization, chloritization, sericitization, and carbonatization types of alteration. The adopted alteration mapping methodology enabled the delineation of the already existing Um El-Rus gold mine; this validates the results as well.
Investigation of Charge–Discharging Behavior of Metal Oxide–Based Anode Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Water Electrolysis to Suppress Degradation due to Reverse Current
Authors: Oda Kazuaki , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Mitsushima Shigenori 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the bipolar-type alkaline water electrolysis powered by renewable energy, electrocatalysts are degraded by repeated potential change associated with the generation of reverse current. If an electrode has large discharge capacity, the opposite electrode on the same bipolar plate is degraded by the reverse current. In this study, discharge capacity of various transition metal-based electrocatalysts was investigated to clarify the determining factors of electrocatalysts on the reverse current and durability. The discharge capacities from 1.5 to 0.5 V vs. RHE (Qdc,0.5) of electrocatalysts are proportional to the surface area in most cases. The proportionality coefficient, corresponding to the specific capacity, is 1.0 C·m–2 for Co3O4 and 2.3 C·m–2 for manganese-based electrocatalysts. The substitution of Co3+ in Co3O4 with Ni3+ increased Qdc,0.5. The upper limit of theoretical specific capacity for Co3O4 is estimated to be 1.699 C·m–2, meaning the former and latter cases correspond to 2- and 1-electron reactions, respectively, per a cation at the surface. The discharge capacities of the elctrocatalysts increased because of the dissolution and recrystallization of nickel and/or cobalt into metal hydroxides. The increase in the capacities of Co3O4 and NiCo2O4 during ten charge–discharge cycles was below 2–9% and 0.5–38%, respectively. Therefore, if a cathode electrocatalyst with relatively low redox durability is used on the one side of a bipolar plate, it is necessary to control optimum discharge capacity of the anode by changing surface area and constituent metal cations to minimize the generation of reverse current.
Graphical Abstract
Control of the post-infarct immune microenvironment through biotherapeutic and biomaterial-based approaches
Authors: Soni Shreya S. , D’Elia Arielle M. , Rodell Christopher B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIschemic heart failure (IHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, for which heart transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. IHF manifests from myocardial infarction (MI) that initiates tissue remodeling processes, mediated by mechanical changes in the tissue (loss of contractility, softening of the myocardium) that are interdependent with cellular mechanisms (cardiomyocyte death, inflammatory response). The early remodeling phase is characterized by robust inflammation that is necessary for tissue debridement and the initiation of repair processes. While later transition toward an immunoregenerative function is desirable, functional reorientation from an inflammatory to reparatory environment is often lacking, trapping the heart in a chronically inflamed state that perpetuates cardiomyocyte death, ventricular dilatation, excess fibrosis, and progressive IHF. Therapies can redirect the immune microenvironment, including biotherapeutic and biomaterial-based approaches. In this review, we outline these existing approaches, with a particular focus on the immunomodulatory effects of therapeutics (small molecule drugs, biomolecules, and cell or cell-derived products). Cardioprotective strategies, often focusing on immunosuppression, have shown promise in pre-clinical and clinical trials. However, immunoregenerative therapies are emerging that often benefit from exacerbating early inflammation. Biomaterials can be used to enhance these therapies as a result of their intrinsic immunomodulatory properties, parallel mechanisms of action (e.g., mechanical restraint), or by enabling cell or tissue-targeted delivery. We further discuss translatability and the continued progress of technologies and procedures that contribute to the bench-to-bedside development of these critically needed treatments.
Graphical Abstract
SimDCL: dropout-based simple graph contrastive learning for recommendation
Authors: Xu YuHao , Wang ZhenHai , Wang ZhiRu , Guo YunLong , Fan Rong , Tian HongYu , Wang Xing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRepresentation learning of users and items is the core of recommendation, and benefited from the development of graph neural network (GNN), graph collaborative filtering (GCF) for capturing higher order connectivity has been successful in the recommendation domain. Nevertheless, the matrix sparsity problem in collaborative filtering and the tendency of higher order embeddings to smooth in GNN limit further performance improvements. Contrastive learning (CL) was introduced into GCF and alleviated these problems to some extent. However, existing methods usually require graph perturbation to construct augmented views or design complex CL tasks, which limits the further development of CL-based methods in the recommendation. We propose a simple CL framework that does not require graph augmentation, but is based on dropout techniques to generate contrastive views to address the aforementioned problem. Specifically, we first added dropout operation to the GNN computation, and then fed the same batch of samples twice into the network for computation. Using the randomness of dropout, a pair of views with random noise was obtained, and maximizing the similarity of the view pairs is set as an auxiliary task to complement the recommendation. In addition, we made a simple modification to the computation of the GNN to alleviate the information loss due to embedding smoothing by means of cross-layer connected graph convolution computation. We named our proposed method as Simple Contrastive Learning Graph Neural Network based on dropout (SimDCL). Extensive experiments on five public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SimDCL, especially on the Amazon Books and Ta-Feng datasets, where our approach achieves 44% and 43% performance gains compared to baseline.
Technical problems and non destructive testing of rock bolt support systems in mines
Authors: Staniek Andrzej 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe problem of proper assessment of the technical functionality of rock bolt support systems is still valid. Many research centers have undertaken efforts to diagnose and monitor the technical state of such a support system used in mines and tunneling. With that aim the method of quality assessment of grouted rock bolts was invented and a relevant apparatus was constructed. The method concerns non-destructive identification of discontinuity of a resin layer (grout) surrounding rock bolts. The method is based on an impact excitation of a rock bolt and uses modal analysis procedures. Assuming that the installed rock bolt acts as an oscillator, different lengths and positions of grouting discontinuity alter its modal parameters. The extraction of these modal parameters, of which a resonant frequency is seen as the most valued, enable the relevant identification of grout discontinuity. After constructing a prototype version and validating the results for known cases of resin discontinuity in an experimental coal mine, the apparatus fulfilling ATEX requirements was developed. Subsequently that version was also verified both in laboratory conditions and in an experimental coal mine. As necessary for proper identification of discontinuity length, the reference data base was developed and elaborated consisting of a very large number of finite element models (FE models), namely discontinuity cases. The models encountered different rock bolt lengths and diameters, different rock strata parameters and different positions and lengths of resin layers. Then the method was used in a working coal mine to monitor a technical state of rock bolt support system mounted to reinforce long underground openings. The data base was utilized as reference for investigated rock bolts.
Recent advances in the theory of thermoelasticity and the modified models for the nanobeams: a review
Authors: Kaur Iqbal , Singh Kulvinder , Craciun Eduard-Marius 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study focuses on recent research on thermoelasticity theories as well as their associated reformed models related to the micro-/nano-beams/nano-bars. Our goal is to present an overview of the use and limitations of existing relevant theories. The properties of these theories were analyzed by many researchers in a variety of fields as well as different problems, providing insight into their characteristics. In this review, we discuss theory, techniques, formulation, as well as limitations for solving equations for micro-/nano-beams/nano-bars. In light of the fact that this review may be a useful tool for researchers who work in sensitive industries such as MEMS/NEMS/Resonators/Sensors.
Leveraging electronic data to expand infection detection beyond traditional settings and definitions (Part II/III)
Authors: Branch-Elliman Westyn , Sundermann Alexander J. , Wiens Jenna , Shenoy Erica S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The rich and complex electronic health record presents promise for expanding infection detection beyond currently covered settings of care. Here, we review the “how to” of leveraging electronic data sources to expand surveillance to settings of care and infections that have not been the traditional purview of the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), including a discussion of creation of objective and reproducible infection surveillance definitions. In pursuit of a ‘fully automated’ system, we also examine the promises and pitfalls of leveraging unstructured, free-text data to support infection prevention activities and emerging technological advances that will likely affect the practice of automated infection surveillance. Finally, barriers to achieving a completely ‘automated’ infection detection system and challenges with intra- and interfacility reliability and missing data are discussed.
Samsung in Vietnam: FDI, Business–Government Relations, Industrial Parks, and Skills Shortages
Authors: Sheldon Peter , Kwon Seung-Ho 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSamsung has largely shifted its electronics manufacturing out of China, and mostly to Vietnam. In that process, it has, to date, avoided local labour market (LLM) difficulties faced by its subsidiaries in industrial parks in China: in particular, pervasive skill shortages among the electronics assembly workers on whom Samsung’s manufacturing depends. Labour retention problems in China had significantly challenged its commitment to invest in necessary employee training. By contrast, Samsung’s domination of foreign direct investment (FDI) within particular Vietnamese industrial parks has removed the inter-employer competition it experienced in China. A deeper explanation involves Samsung’s development – as Vietnam’s largest single source of FDI, and major producer of that country’s exports – of synergistic and symbiotic relationships with Vietnam’s national and subnational governments. These relationships have allowed Samsung to influence development strategies for industrial parks and their LLMs. Samsung has invests expansively in forms of education and training whose benefits extend beyond the areas in which its manufacturing facilities operate, to populations that the company does not employ. Providing benefits beyond typical success criteria for FDI in developing economies, Samsung has helped Vietnam’s party-state meet its own legitimacy needs with its internal constituencies, contributing to a broader practical consensus in favour of the party-state’s development policies. This article therefore widens the perspective of FDI to embed it in national and subnational business–government relations.
Bones without Flesh and (Trans)Gender without Bodies: Querying Desires for Trans Historicity
Authors: Everhart Avery Rose 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 2011, a 5,000-year-old “male” skeleton buried in a “female” way was discovered by an archaeological team just outside of modern-day Prague. This article queries the impulse to name such a discovery as evidence of transgender identity, and bodies, in an increasingly ancient past. To do so, it takes up the work of Denise Ferreira da Silva, Sylvia Wynter, and Hortense Spillers as a means to push back against the impetus to name such discoveries “transgender” in order to shore up the legitimacy of contemporary trans identity. Each of these three thinkers offers a different vantage point for rethinking such naming practices that push the reader to consider how desires to name and place “transgender” in a distant past papers over the violence of plantation slavery, global imperialism, and the Enlightenment's shift toward scientific reason. This article argues not that such anthropological discoveries should not be considered transgender, but rather that the desire for them to be, or become, transgender does not legitimate contemporary transgender identity, and may instead treat certain iterations of transness as spatially and temporally universal.
Pharmaceuticalised livelihoods: antibiotics and the rise of ‘Quick Farming’ in peri-urban Uganda
Authors: Kayendeke Miriam , Denyer-Willis Laurie , Nayiga Susan , Nabirye Christine , Fortané Nicolas , Staedke Sarah G , Chandler Clare IR 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ‘livestock revolution’ has seen the lives and livelihoods of peri-urban peoples increasingly intertwine with pigs and poultry across Africa in response to a rising demand for meat protein. This ‘revolution’ heralds the potential to address both poverty and nutritional needs. However, the intensification of farming has sparked concern, including for antibiotic misuse and its consequences for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These changes reflect a micro-biopolitical conundrum where the agendas of microbes, farmers, publics, authorities and transnational agencies are in tension. To understand this requires close attention to the practices, principles and potentials held between these actors. Ethnographic research took place in a peri-urban district, Wakiso, in Uganda between May 2018 and March 2021. This included a medicine survey at 115 small- and medium-scale pig and poultry farms, 18 weeks of participant observation at six farms, 34 in-depth interviews with farmers and others in the local livestock sector, four group discussions with 38 farmers and 7 veterinary officers, and analysis of archival, media and policy documents. Wide-scale adoption of quick farming was found, an entrepreneurial phenomenon that sees Ugandans raising ‘exotic’ livestock with imported methods and measures for production, including antibiotics for immediate therapy, prevention of infections and to promote production and protection of livelihoods. This assemblage – a promissory assemblage of the peri-urban – reinforced precarity against which antibiotics formed a potential layer of protection. The paper argues that to address antibiotic use as a driver of AMR is to address precarity as a driver of antibiotic use. Reduced reliance on antibiotics required a level of biosecurity and economies of scale in purchasing insurance that appeared affordable only by larger-scale commercial producers. This study illustrates the risks – to finances, development and health – of expanding an entrepreneurial model of protein production in populations vulnerable to climate, infection and market dynamics.
Crowds and Crowd-Pleasing in Plato
Authors: Keum Tae-Yeoun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlato's antipathy to crowds is a commonplace that reinforces a prevailing portrait of the Socratic method as a practice that centers on individuals, to the exclusion of crowds and the many. This canonical view, however, comes into tension with the tendency of Plato's Socrates to conduct his dialogues in the presence of collective audiences. I argue that Plato's position on crowds is at once more complex and more ambivalent than has been commonly accepted. I distinguish between two distinct lines of critique that Plato develops against crowds: the argument that the incentive structures that move crowds are unconducive to philosophy; and a more ambiguous argument that crowds tend not to be as amenable to control as their portrayal in the Athenian democratic imaginary seems to promise. Plato's depiction of Socratic practice can be understood as an effort to explore an alternative vision of crowd control.
Autonomous and Between Worlds: Musical Manifestos for Anti-Capitalist Futures in Post-Wall East Berlin
Authors: KELLY ELAINE 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe opening of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 provided a spectacular climax for Samuel Huntington's third wave of democracy. It represented the triumph not only of a people over their oppressive regime but also, ultimately, of Western economic liberalism; the post-socialist democracy of German reunification was a singular one with consumerism at its core. In the early 1990s, many East German reform socialists resisted this inevitability, and exploited the temporary political and bureaucratic void that emerged in East Berlin as a space in which to imagine alternative democratic futures from the socialist past. In this article I explore the attempts by two very different East Berlin musical communities to incubate anti-capitalist worlds from the legacies – both official and unofficial – of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). First, I reflect on the autonomous musical worlds that were created by members of the GDR's alternative bands in occupied buildings in Prenzlauer Berg and Mitte. Second, I consider the articulation by the ZwischenWelt-Festival, a reincarnation of the GDR's Festival of Political Song, of a more outward-looking future for East Germany, based on the ideals of international solidarity.
Minjung Kayo: Imagining Democracy through Song in South Korea
Authors: LEE JUNG-MIN MINA 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring South Korea's authoritarian period (1961–87), student activists employed songs to express their anti-government and pro-democratic views. Known as minjung kayo (people's songs), these protest songs can be traced to the modern American folk music embraced by South Korean youth in the 1960s. By the late 1980s, however, minjung kayo carried emphatically anti-American, nationalistic, and socialist tones, echoing the minjung ideals that strove to achieve authentic ‘Koreanness’. This article unravels the complexities underlying the process of minjung kayo's development into an emblem of the pro-democratic movement, which entailed a shift away from its initial reflective and poetic style inspired by American folk music (exemplified in the songs of Kim Min-ki) and a move towards the militant style influenced by the Marxist composer Hanns Eisler. It argues that minjung kayo embodied the complex relationship South Korean activists held with their colonial past and autocratic present, as well as visions of their democratic future.