bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review in understanding stakeholders’ role in developing adaptive learning systems
Authors: Alajlani Nawaf , Crabb Michael , Murray Iain 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe creation and development of adaptive learning systems involve various stakeholders in the overall development process. To understand how the involvement of these stakeholders is approached, we conducted a systematic literature review to determine which stakeholder groups are actively involved within different stages of system creation. We identified 35 papers published between 2018 and 2022 relevant to this review and used these to identify specific areas where stakeholder involvement has been carried out. We show that educators have very little involvement in the design, implementation, and evaluation of adaptive learning systems. We suggest that this is an area where further research is required.
Causal calibration: iteratively calibrating LiDAR and camera by considering causality and geometry
Authors: Liu Ruyu , Shi Jieying , Zhang Haoyu , Zhang Jianhua , Sun Bo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe external calibration between 3D LiDAR and 2D camera is an extremely important step towards multimodal fusion for robot perception. However, its accuracy is still unsatisfactory. To improve the accuracy of calibration, we first analyze the interference factors that affect the performance of the calibration model under a causal inference framework in this study. Guided by the causality analysis, we present Iter-CalibNet (Iterative Calibration Convolutional Neural Network) to infer a 6 degrees of freedom (DoF) rigid body transformation between 3D LiDAR and 2D camera. By downscaling point clouds to obtain more overlapping region between 3D–2D data pair and applying iterative calibration manner, the interference of confounding bias in the calibration model is effectively eliminated. Moreover, our Iter-CalibNet adds non-local neural network after each convolution operation to capture the transformation relationship. We also combine the geometric loss and photometric loss obtained from the interframe constraints to optimize the calibration accuracy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our Iter-CalibNet can achieve leading performance by comparison with other CNN based and traditional calibration methods.
Quasi-Three-Dimensional Cyclotriphosphazene-Based Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheet for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Chang Jianhong , Li Cuiyan , Wang Xiaoxia , Li Daohao , Zhang Jie , Yu Xiaoming , Li Hui , Yao Xiangdong , Valtchev Valentin , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetal-free carbon-based materials are considered as promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion, and their highly dense and exposed carbon active sites are crucial for efficient ORR. In this work, two unique quasi-three-dimensional cyclotriphosphazene-based covalent organic frameworks (Q3CTP-COFs) and their nanosheets were successfully synthesized and applied as ORR electrocatalysts. The abundant electrophilic structure in Q3CTP-COFs induces a high density of carbon active sites, and the unique bilayer stacking of [6 + 3] imine-linked backbone facilitates the exposure of active carbon sites and accelerates mass diffusion during ORR. In particular, bulk Q3CTP-COFs can be easily exfoliated into thin COF nanosheets (NSs) due to the weak interlayer π–π interactions. Q3CTP-COF NSs exhibit highly efficient ORR catalytic activity (half-wave potential of 0.72 V vs. RHE in alkaline electrolyte), which is one of the best COF-based ORR electrocatalysts reported so far. Furthermore, Q3CTP-COF NSs can serve as a promising cathode for Zn-air batteries (delivered power density of 156 mW cm–2 at 300 mA cm–2). This judicious design and accurate synthesis of such COFs with highly dense and exposed active sites and their nanosheets will promote the development of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts.
Geometry of Needle-Like Microstructures in Shape-Memory Alloys
Authors: Conti Sergio , Lenz Martin , Rumpf Martin , Verhülsdonk Jan , Zwicknagl Barbara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeedle-like microstructures are often observed in shape memory alloys near macro-interfaces that separate regions with different laminate orientation. We study their shape with a two-dimensional model based on nonlinear elasticity, that contains an explicit parametrization of the needle profiles. Energy minimization leads to specific predictions for the geometry of needle-like domains. Our simulations are based on shape optimization of the needle interfaces, using a polyconvex energy density with cubic symmetry for the elastic problem, and a numerical implementation via finite elements on a dynamically changing grid.
Soziometrische Befragungsstimuli – Eine Mixed-Method Analyse ihrer Schnittmengen und Grenzen
Authors: Gehrmann Marie-Luise , Schramm Satyam Antonio 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungFür Erkenntnisse zur sozialen Akzeptanz von Schülerinnen und Schülern führen Lehrende und Forschende soziometrische Befragungen durch. Schülerinnen und Schüler antworten dabei auf unterschiedliche Befragungsstimuli. Nur vereinzelt liegen Empfehlungen zur zielgerichteten Verwendung und Interpretation vor. Die vorliegende Studie setzt bei diesem Desiderat an. Basierend auf soziometrischen und qualitativen Daten von 428 Grundschülerinnen und Grundschülern werden Schnittmengen und Grenzen soziometrischer Befragungsstimuli herausgearbeitet. Zum Beispiel ist Sitznachbarschaft mit dem Unterrichtskontext, Präferenz mit informellen Beziehungen, Popularität und Coolness mit auf Klassenebene wahrgenommenen Normen assoziiert. Ableitungen für soziometrische Befragungen in Schulklassen werden formuliert.
Numerical improvement to Glauert correction for the flow around a wind turbine
Authors: Wanderley J.B.V. , Levi C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccurate and reliable computation of the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines is very important for the development of new efficient designs. The flow around a wind turbine is modeled by a permeable disc (PD), solved through the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (URANS), here named PD/URANS method. The finite volume method and a total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme solve numerically the flow governing equations. The turbulent flow in the wake of the wind turbine is simulated utilising a one-equation turbulence model. The Glauert correction calculation considers a uniform normal force distribution (CT) on the virtual permeable disc applied to the flow, while the axial induction factor is obtained directly from the numerical solution of the URANS equations. The numerical axial induction factor obtained agrees fairly well with Glauert correction, except if the flow behind the turbine is highly unsteady and Reynolds number dependent.
The Islamisation of the English Trust: The Hibah Trust in Malaysia
Authors: Tang Hang Wu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMalaysia, being a former English colony, inherited a corpus of English law which includes equity and trusts. In recent times, major banks, financial institutions, and trust companies have reimagined the English trust in combination with Islamic law, by offering an innovation called the hibah trust. This instrument represents the Islamisation of the English trust concept where the Islamic idea of the hibah, an inter vivos gift and the English trust is combined as a wealth management offering to clients. This article explores how the hibah trust works, reasons why institutions may be offering this hybrid instrument, and potential challenges to its validity both in the civil and Syariah court.
Strategic Surge Responses in the COVID-19 era: Operational Themes, Innovative Solutions and Lessons Learned by Three Freestanding Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Tan Yongtian Tina , Braund Cortney , Carney Kevin P , Gill Natasha , Goldberg Bradley , Hartford Emily A , Johnson Bernadette K , Keilman Ashley , Stone Kimberly , Yoshida Hiromi , Liu Deborah R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic has created unique and complex challenges in operational and capacity planning for pediatric emergency departments, as initial low pediatric patient volumes gave way to unpredictable patient surges during Delta and Omicron variants. Compounded by widespread hospital supply chain issues, staffing shortages due to infection and attrition, and a concurrent pediatric mental health crisis, the surges have pushed pediatric emergency department leaders to re-examine traditionally defined clinical processes, and adopt innovative operational strategies. This study describes the strategic surge response and lessons learned by 3 major freestanding academic pediatric emergency departments in the western United States to help inform current and future pediatric pandemic preparedness.
‘A few practical things’: The Redress of Law and the irritation of (critical) constitutional theory
Authors: Golia Angelo Jr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis Article discusses Emilios Christodoulidis’s The Redress of Law as a major contribution to contemporary critical constitutional theory, with a focus on its relationship with other lines of critical thought; with systems theory and societal constitutionalism; and with legal pluralism and the global constitutionalism discourses. It argues that the most valuable contribution of The Redress of Law lies in its capacity to innovate current theoretical discourses, too often closed in on their conceptual assumptions, in turn modelled on liberal political theory.
Rethinking rights in social media governance: human rights, ideology and inequality
Authors: Griffin Rachel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to question the dominance of human rights as the primary normative framework for European social media regulation, and academic research in this field. Analysing EU legislation and recent ECJ cases, it shows that issues like discriminatory content moderation, profiling, and promotion of stereotypes cannot adequately be addressed within a human rights framework. The centrality of individual rights in the EU legal regime not only fails to address collective issues, like platforms’ influence on culture and social norms, but cannot even offer effective, equal protection to individuals. In policy debates, the depoliticised and individualistic language of human rights can legitimise corporate activities and downplay important questions about the political economy of this privatised, highly-concentrated, advertiser-funded industry. The paper also considers interpretations of human rights as structural conditions or collective values, and argues that they cannot fully overcome the limitations discussed here. Given the entrenched role of fundamental rights in EU law, critics of social media cannot avoid relying on them. However, academics should also seek to develop more explicitly political critiques, based on alternative normative visions.
Can Rational Reflection Save Moral Knowledge from Debunking?
Authors: McKay Noah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this essay, I reply to an influential objection to evolutionary debunking arguments against moral realism. According to this objection, our capacity for autonomous rational reflection allows us to grasp moral truths independently of distorting evolutionary influences, so those influences do not prevent us from having moral knowledge. I argue that rational moral reflection is not, in fact, autonomous from evolutionary influences, since it depends on our evolved, pre-reflective grasp of moral properties. I then consider and reject the suggestion that realists can supply an autonomous foundation for rational moral reflection or do without any such foundation. Next, I address the allegation that my arguments have skeptical implications for rational reflection in non-moral domains. Finally, I conclude with a gesture toward a more promising route for realists who oppose debunking arguments.
Prevalence of healthy diet and activity behaviours among U.S. Latino preschool children living in an emerging Latino community
Authors: Liguori Carli A. , Sharma Neil P. , Documét Patricia I. , Gibbs Bethany B. , Taverno Ross Sharon E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This pilot study provides preliminary insights into whether Latino preschool children living in an emerging Latino community (ELC) are meeting recommendations for healthy diet and activity behaviours and whether those behaviours are associated with sociodemographic or home environment variables. Secondary data analysis was conducted utilising cross-sectional baseline survey data from ANDALE Pittsburgh, a home-based intervention study. Measures included parent-reported information on child dietary intake, screen time and the home environment, and objectively measured physical activity and anthropometry. χ2 and Fischer's exact tests were used to determine associations. The study was conducted in an ELC in western Pennsylvania in the US. Fifty-one Latina mothers (age: 33⋅5 ± 6⋅1 years; 63 % Mexican origin; 86 % low acculturation) and their children (age: 3⋅9 ± 1⋅3 years; 55 % male) 2–5 years of age. On average, children consumed 2⋅25 ± 1⋅44 cups of fruits/vegetables, viewed 98⋅7 ± 74⋅2 min of screen time, accumulated 12⋅9 ± 2⋅9 min/h of total physical activity and consumed 15⋅5 ± 26⋅0 kcals of sugar-sweetened beverages per day. Forty-one percent met the fruit/vegetable recommendation, 54 % met the screen time recommendation, 27 % met the physical activity recommendation and 58 % met the sugary drink recommendation. Country of origin (P = 0⋅032) and acculturation (P = 0⋅048) were significantly associated with children meeting sugary drink recommendations. No other relationships were significant. The proportion of children in this sample meeting diet and activity recommendations was mixed. More research with larger sample sizes is needed in ELCs to identify effective intervention strategies for improving health behaviours.
Global clustering of recent glacier surges from radar backscatter data, 2017–2022
Authors: Kääb Andreas , Bazilova Varvara , Leclercq Paul Willem , Mannerfelt Erik Schytt , Strozzi Tazio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing global Sentinel-1 radar backscatter data, we systematically map the locations of glaciers with surge-type activity during 2017–22. Patterns of pronounced increases or decreases in the strongest backscatter between two winter seasons often indicate large changes in glacier crevassing, which we treat here as a sign of surge-type activity. Validations against velocity time series, terminus advances and crevassing found in optical satellite images confirm the robustness of this approach. We find 115 surge-type events globally between 2017 and 2022, around 100 of which on glaciers already know as surge-type. Our data reveal a pronounced spatial clustering in three regions, (i) Karakoram, Pamirs and Western Kunlun Shan (~50 surges), (ii) Svalbard (~25) and (iii) Yukon/Alaska (~9), with only a few other scattered surges elsewhere. This spatial clustering is significantly more pronounced than the overall global clustering of known surge-type glaciers. The 2017–22 clustering may point to climatic forcing of surge initiation.
Influence of seasonally varying sea-ice concentration and subsurface ocean heat on sea-ice thickness and sea-ice seasonality for a ‘warm-shelf’ region in Antarctica
Authors: Saenz Benjamin T. , McKee Darren C. , Doney Scott C. , Martinson Douglas G. , Stammerjohn Sharon E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProcesses driving changes in sea-ice seasonality and sea-ice thickness were explored for a ‘warm-shelf’ region along the West Antarctic Peninsula using vertically coupled sea-ice-ocean thermodynamic simulations, with and without assimilated satellite sea-ice observations and moored ocean temperature observations. Simulations with assimilated sea-ice observations permitted investigation of surface [thermodynamic and dynamic (e.g., wind-driven)] processes affecting sea-ice thickness and seasonality. Assimilation of quasi-weekly variability in the depth and temperature of the deep warm pycnocline permitted examination of subsurface processes affecting sea-ice. Simulations using assimilated sea-ice observations (and implied motion) always produced greater surface heat fluxes and overall thinner sea ice. Assimilating seasonal and quasi-weekly variability in the depth and temperature of the pycnocline modified the start of the sea-ice season by −23 to +1 d, and also modified the sea ice thickness/seasonality to be thinner/shorter or thicker/longer at sub-seasonal and seasonal timescales, highlighting a mechanism where a shoaling pycnocline enhanced upward deep-water heat fluxes as transient surface-induced turbulence had a greater effect on a reduced mixed layer volume. The observed interplay of surface, subsurface, and sea-ice modulation of ocean-atmosphere heat transfer underscores the importance of representing the interaction between sea-ice concentration and upper ocean variability in climate projections.
Crocodylian princess in Taiwan: Revising the taxonomic status of Tomistoma taiwanicus from the Pleistocene of Taiwan and its paleobiogeographic implications
Authors: Cho Yi-Yang , Tsai Cheng-Hsiu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractToyotamaphimeia is an extinct crocodylian lineage whose name is derived from a mythological Japanese princess. Here, we re-examine the type specimens of a long-forgotten species: Tomistoma taiwanicus from the Pleistocene of Tainan (Taiwan) and revise its taxonomic status to Toyotamaphimeia taiwanicus n. comb., leading to the first recognized species of Toyotamaphimeia outside Japan. Our phylogenetic analyses also support this taxonomic assignment and, more interestingly, further suggest an East Asian lineage. In addition, Toyotamaphimeia taiwanicus n. comb. represents a tropical species, resolving a long-standing puzzle of why Toyotamaphimeia only inhabited a much higher latitudinal area (Japan). Given the large body size of Toyotamaphimeia taiwanicus n. comb. (~7 m) and the fact that it is geologically older than Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis from Japan, we propose a novel evolutionary scenario: the genus Toyotamaphimeia originated in Taiwan and evolved to a large body size with gigantothermic physiology, which resulted in migration out of Taiwan and dispersal farther north to Japan. Our taxonomic identification shows the presence of an extinct endemic crocodylian species from the Pleistocene of Taiwan with large-scale paleogeographic implications. This study, with our recent progress in vertebrate paleontology in Taiwan, should provoke more in-depth paleontological research on the Pleistocene extinction.
DEFINABLE -THEOREM FOR FAMILIES WITH VC-CODENSITY LESS THAN
Authors: ANDÚJAR GUERRERO PABLO 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Let

$\mathcal {S}$

be a family of nonempty sets with VC-codensity less than

$2$

. We prove that, if

$\mathcal {S}$

has the

$(\omega ,2)$

-property (for any infinitely many sets in

$\mathcal {S}$

, at least two among them intersect), then

$\mathcal {S}$

can be partitioned into finitely many subfamilies, each with the finite intersection property. If

$\mathcal {S}$

is definable in some first-order structure, then these subfamilies can be chosen definable too.
This is a strengthening of the case

$q=2$

of the definable

$(p,q)$

-conjecture in model theory [9] and the Alon–Kleitman–Matoušek

$(p,q)$

-theorem in combinatorics [6].
Automatic detection of cataclysmic variables from SDSS images
Authors: Huang Junfeng , Qu Meixia , Jiang Bin , Zhang Yanxia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInvestigating rare and new objects have always been an important direction in astronomy. Cataclysmic variables (CVs) are ideal and natural celestial bodies for studying the accretion process of semi-detached binaries with accretion processes. However, the sample size of CVs must increase because a lager gap exists between the observational and the theoretical expanding CVs. Astronomy has entered the big data era and can provide massive images containing CV candidates. CVs as a type of faint celestial objects, are highly challenging to be identified directly from images using automatic manners. Deep learning has rapidly developed in intelligent image processing and has been widely applied in some astronomical fields with excellent detection results. YOLOX, as the latest YOLO framework, is advantageous in detecting small and dark targets. This work proposes an improved YOLOX-based framework according to the characteristics of CVs and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometric images to train and verify the model to realise CV detection. We use the Convolutional Block Attention Module to increase the number of output features with the feature extraction network and adjust the feature fusion network to obtain fused features. Accordingly, the loss function is modified. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved model produces satisfactory results, with average accuracy (mean averagePrecisionat 0.5) of 92.0%,Precisionof 92.9%,Recallof 94.3%, and$F1-score$of 93.6% on the test set. The proposed method can efficiently achieve the identification of CVs in test samples and search for CV candidates in unlabeled images. The image data vastly outnumber the spectra in the SDSS-released data. With supplementary follow-up observations or spectra, the proposed model can help astronomers in seeking and detecting CVs in a new manner to ensure that a more extensive CV catalog can be built. The proposed model may also be applied to the detection of other kinds of celestial objects.
Affirmative Action, Paternalism, and Respect
Authors: Bengtson Andreas , Møller Lyngby Pedersen Viki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the hitherto under-examined relations between affirmative action, paternalism, and respect. We provide three main arguments. First, we argue that affirmative action initiatives are typically paternalistic and thus disrespectful towards intended beneficiaries who oppose them. Second, we argue that not introducing affirmative action can be disrespectful towards these potential beneficiaries because such inaction involves a failure to recognize their moral worth adequately. Third, we argue that the paternalistic disrespect involved in affirmative action is alleviated when the potential beneficiaries' preferences against such initiatives are adaptive. We conclude that, although there is a relevant sense in which paternalistic affirmative action is disrespectful, it may be more disrespectful not to pursue such policies.