bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship and agreement between systemic and local breakpoints in locomotor and non-locomotor muscles during single-leg cycling
Authors: Tilp Markus , Mosser Nina , Schappacher-Tilp Gudrun , Kruse Annika , Birnbaumer Philipp , Tschakert Gerhard 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThere is a well-established relationship between the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and local muscular breakpoints determined from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electromyography (EMG). However, these breakpoints have not yet been compared both in locomotor and non-locomotor muscles simultaneously in single-leg cycling exercise. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship and agreement between systemic and local breakpoints in locomotor and non-locomotor muscles.MethodData from twelve physically-active participants (25.5 ± 3.9 years, 176.1 ± 11.6 cm, 71.2 ± 9.4 kg, 4 females) who completed a continuous single-leg step incremental cycling test (10 W min-1) with their right leg were included in the analysis. Ventilation and gas exchange were recorded to determine RCP. Surface EMG (sEMG) and NIRS signals were measured from both vasti lateralis muscles and breakpoints were determined from root mean Q square sEMG and deoxygenated hemo- and myoglobin signal m[HHb].ResultsThere was no significant difference in the power output at RCP (127.3 ± 21.8 W) and local muscular breakpoints both from the locomotor (m[HHb]: 119.7 ± 23.6 W, sEMG: 126.6 ± 26.0 W) and non-locomotor (m[HHb]: 117.5 ± 17.9 W, sEMG: 126.1 ± 28.4 W) muscles. Breakpoints also showed significant (p &lt; 0.01) correlations (r = 0.67–0.90, ICC = 0.80–0.94) to each other with weaker correlations in the non-locomotor muscle (r = 0.66–0.86, ICC = 0.74–0.90). Despite the strong correlations, high individual variability and weak limits of agreement (up to −32.5–46.5 W) and substantial absolute differences (10.2–16.7 W) were observed which indicates that these breakpoints cannot be used interchangeably.DiscussionThese findings offer further insights into the mechanistic relationship between local and systemic physiological response to exercise with increasing workload. We conclude that, despite strong correlations, local muscular breakpoints do not have to coincide with systemic boundaries of physiological domains.
Resolving phylogenetic conflicts in Pandanales: the dual roles of gene flow and whole-genome duplication
Authors: Shi Tian , He Jian 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAccurate phylogenetic reconstruction is crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships and biodiversity. Despite advances in molecular systematics, the relationships within Pandanales—which include Cyclanthaceae, Pandanaceae, Stemonaceae, Triuridaceae, and Velloziaceae—remain unresolved. This study aims to clarify these relationships by analyzing transcriptomic and genomic data from these families.MethodsWe analyzed transcriptomic and genomic data from 20 samples representing all five families of Pandanales. Our approach involved assembling 2,668 single-copy orthologous genes (SCOGs) and conducting phylogenetic analyses using both coalescent- and concatenation-based methods, alongside plastid genome data. Additionally, we employed HyDe for gene flow analysis and conducted coalescent simulations and QuIBL analyses to explore sources of phylogenetic conflict. We also investigated whole-genome duplication (WGD) events within Pandanales.ResultsThe phylogenetic analyses produced strongly supported but topologically incongruent trees. Our gene flow analysis suggested that the concatenation-based topology likely reflects the true evolutionary history of Pandanales. We identified two significant ancient gene flow events: one between Velloziaceae and Triuridaceae, and another between Triuridaceae and the C-P clade (Cyclanthaceae + Pandanaceae). Furthermore, we detected five whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, including two that occurred before the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary in Stemonaceae and Pandanaceae, one in Triuridaceae during the mid-Paleogene, and two within Velloziaceae near the Paleogene–Neogene boundary.DiscussionOur findings indicate that gene flow, rather than incomplete lineage sorting, is the primary source of phylogenetic conflict at certain nodes within Pandanales. The identified WGD events likely played a significant role in facilitating adaptation and diversification under changing environmental conditions. These results not only resolve long-standing phylogenetic conflicts but also enhance our understanding of the mechanisms driving plant diversification within this order.
Integrating water depth to predict the threshold of collapse and recovery of submerged macrophytes for lakes with large depth gradients
Authors: Yu Yexin , Li Yehao , Wang Haijun , Su Haojie , Rao Qingyang , Liu Ying , Xie Ping 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe nutrient threshold of collapse and recovery of submerged macrophytes have been widely reported for shallow lakes. However, understanding the threshold variation for lakes with water depth (Z) gradients remains limited.MethodsIn this study, based on a field investigation of 9 lakes with varying water depths and nutrient levels in the Yunnan Plateau, southwest of China, we integrated water depth to predict the nutrient threshold of collapse and recovery of submerged macrophytes in lakes.ResultsOur results showed that: 1) Canopy-forming submerged macrophytes, i.e. Potamogeton pectinatus and Myriophyllum spicatum, had a higher resistance to high nutrients and turbidity; 2) Submerged macrophyte species richness had a significantly negative response to water depth, while biomass did not; 3) A multiplication of turbidity (Turb) with water depth provided the best explanation for the collapse and recovery of submerged macrophytes for lakes with large depth gradients compared to the single variables; 4) The thresholds of ZSD/Z were 0.06 for the collapse of submerged macrophytes and 0.53 for the recovery of submerged macrophytes; the corresponding thresholds were 81.6 and 9.92 NTU m for Turb*Z, respectively.DiscussionOur findings on the thresholds of macrophyte collapse and recovery are expected to provide quantitative guidance for lake restoration of diverse water depths.
Enhancement of wheat resistance to dry–hot wind stress during grain filling by 24-epibrassinolide: optimization of hormone balance and improvement of flag leaf photosynthetic performance
Authors: Wang Chao , Cui Haixing , Jin Min , Wang Jiayu , Li Chunhui , Li Yong , Luo YongLi , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionDry-hot wind during the grain filling period is a prevalent agrometeorological challenge worldwide, causing significant functional leaf senescence, disrupting the grain filling process, and ultimately leading to wheat yield loss. Although studies have explored the alleviating effects of EBR under abiotic stress, its application in wheat and the potential mechanisms underlying its role in mitigating dry–hot wind still require further investigation.MethodsUsing the dry–hot-wind-sensitive cultivar Jinan 17 (JN17) and the dry–hot-wind-resistant cultivar Liangxing 77 (LX77) as experimental materials. A split-plot design was employed, with cultivar as the main plot factor, dry-hot wind (DH) treatment as the subplot factor, and the foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) at a concentration of 0.1 mg L-1 as the sub-subplot factor.ResultsEBR alleviated the negative effects of DH stress on wheat by optimizing the hormone balance. The abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents decreased, and the salicylic acid (SA) content increased, which promoted the stomatal opening of flag leaves. The transpiration rate (Tr) was increased by 7–10% and thus reduced the temperature of the spikes and leaves by 0.87–1.27 °C and 1.6–2.4 °C, respectively. Additionally, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), were enhanced, which prevented early flag leaf senescence and maintained a high chlorophyll level under DH stress. Therefore, the photosynthetic performance of flag leaves was enhanced. EBR enhanced the yield of JN17 and LX77 under DH stress. JN17’s yield was increased by 9.2% and 7.5% in the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 wheat growing seasons, respectively, and LX77’s yield was increased by 4.9% and 2.3% over two years.DiscussionThis study provides a promising approach for enhancing wheat’s resistance to DH stress, with practical implications for wheat production.
Revisiting the bi-factor structure of the short version of the Warwick–Edinburgh mental well-being scale with samples in China
Authors: Fung Sai-fu , Zeng Guang , Chuang Ho-luan Hermes , Li Sin-man , Lee Jingwen , Tse Jonathan Chun Luen 
Published: February 2025

AimThis paper aims to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) based on Chinese samples recruited from secondary schools, universities, and workplaces.MethodsThe psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS were evaluated in four cross-sectional studies with a total of 1,729 respondents from Hong Kong and Chinese mainland. Criterion validity was assessed using well-established measures of well-being, affect, and life satisfaction (PANAS, WHO-5, and SWLS). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to evaluate the unidimensional and bi-factor structure of the SWEMWBS.ResultsThe results indicated that both the Traditional and Simplified Chinese versions of the SWEMWBS possess good psychometric properties, with coefficient alpha and omega exceeding the acceptable range. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the items are suitable for forming a unidimensional scale. However, the bi-factor structure proposed in the recent literature contained some problematic items that yielded negative and weak factor loadings.ConclusionThe unidimensional SWEMWBS is applicable to respondents from diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. The validated Traditional and Simplified Chinese versions of the SWEMWBS provide researchers and clinical practitioners with a reliable and convenient measure of mental well-being for use in Chinese contexts.
The relationship between negative emotions and adjustment disorder in young adults: the mediating role of rumination and insomnia
Authors: Shao Xinyue , Dong Zhao , Zhang Shuai , Qiao Yunyun , Zhang Hongwei , Guo Hua 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the influence of negative emotions on adjustment disorder (AjD) in young adults, focusing on the mediating role of rumination and insomnia.MethodsThe study recruited 2015 young patients (aged 18–35) receiving treatment at the Psychosomatic Medicine Department of the Affiliated Encephalopathy Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2023 to March 2024. Participants completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), and Adjustment Disorder – New Module 20(ADNM-20) to assess negative emotions, rumination thinking, sleep status, and AjD. Data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics, correlation, hierarchical linear regression, and mediation analyses.Results1) AjD was significantly influenced by being an only child and family composition, but there was no significant gender difference. Scores for negative emotions, rumination, insomnia, and AjD varied significantly different among different age groups, with the 30–35 age group scoring significantly higher than others. 2) Total scores for the DASS-21and its subscales, the RRS and its subscales, insomnia, and AjD were significantly correlated (p &lt; 0.01). Negative emotions and ruminative thoughts predicted AjD, accounting for 47.8% of the total variation in AjD. 3) Negative emotions positively predicted AjD (β = 0.37, p &lt; 0.001). Negative emotions affect AjD in young adults through rumination and insomnia alone and together, and the mediating effect accounts for 34%, 7.9%, and 20% of the total effect.DiscussionThe study’s findings suggest that rumination and insomnia play significant mediating roles in the relationship between negative emotions and AjD in young adults. Negative emotions directly affect AjD and have indirect effects through rumination and insomnia.
Adolescents and adults with FOXP1 syndrome show high rates of anxiety and externalizing behaviors but not psychiatric decompensation or skill loss
Authors: Levy Tess , Silver Hailey , Soufer Renee , Rouhandeh Audrey , Kolevzon Alexander , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Siper Paige M. 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundFOXP1 syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder associated with complex clinical presentations including global developmental delay, mild to profound intellectual disability, speech and language impairment, autism traits, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and a range of behavioral challenges. To date, much of the literature focuses on childhood symptoms and little is known about the FOXP1 syndrome phenotype in adolescence or adulthood.MethodsA series of caregiver interviews and standardized questionnaires assessed psychiatric and behavioral features of 20 adolescents and adults with FOXP1 syndrome. Clinical interviews captured change in various psychiatric manifestations over time. Medication, social, educational, and vocational history was collected, and visual analog scales measured top caregiver concerns during childhood and adolescence/adulthood.ResultsAnxiety and externalizing behaviors were common in this cohort and psychiatric features, such as psychosis or bipolar symptoms, were present in two participants. There was no reported regression or loss of skills, early in development or during adolescence/adulthood. Medication use was common particularly for features of ADHD, although multiple trials were required for some individuals to achieve benefit. Standardized assessments accurately picked up on externalizing symptoms and were less sensitive to internalizing symptoms. Educational setting varied up until late elementary school and gradually shifted to special education. Cognitive and developmental concerns were reported as primary during childhood and independence/safety and housing concerns became top concerns by adolescence/adulthood. Caregivers reported continued development in adaptive skills even into adulthood.ConclusionsTaken together, results are reassuring, with many families reporting their adolescent and adult children continued to gain skills over time, particularly related to increased independence in communication and personal care. There were no reports of developmental regression, neuropsychiatric decompensation or catatonia.
Post-marketing safety surveillance of vortioxetine hydrobromide: a pharmacovigilance study leveraging FAERS database
Authors: Zhang Ying , Sun Shengzhu , Ning Yunhong 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundVortioxetine hydrobromide is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), primarily exerting its antidepressant effects by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT).The objective of this study was to investigate adverse events (AEs) associated with vortioxetine hydrobromide through data mining in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to enhance clinical safety.MethodsWe collected FAERS data from Q3 2013 to Q1 2024 for data cleansing. Disproportionality analysis was employed to quantify relevant AEs associated with vortioxetine. Reported Ratio of Ratios (ROR) was utilized for identifying risk signals within the FAERS data. We employed the System Organ Classes (SOCs) and selected the Preferred Terms (PTs) from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA version 26.1).ResultsA total of 11,298 cases were reported as "primary suspected (PS)" for vortioxetine hydrobromide. Notably, at the systemic organ level (SOC) level, the adverse effects associated with vortioxetine hydrobromide involved 27 systemic organoid classes (SOCs).We identified 150 significantly disproportionate Preferred Terms (PTs) that met all four algorithms.ConclusionThis study identified adverse events (AEs) associated with vortioxetine. Our findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the use of vortioxetine hydrobromide and reducing potential side effects, serving as a reference for its rational and safe clinical application.
The burden of COVID-19 based on disability-adjusted life years: a systematic review of available evidence
Authors: Barfar Eshagh , Raei Behzad , Daneshi Salman , Bagher Barahouei Fatemeh , Hushmandi Kiavash 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe present study tries to evaluate and summarize the available evidence to provide insights into the COVID-19 burden worldwide using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and compare the level of damage across countries during this pandemic.MethodWe conducted a systematic review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to investigate the global burden of COVID-19. Studies were identified through searches conducted on Ovid Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed databases as well as, the Google Scholar search engine. All stages of the search, study selection, qualitative assessment, and data extraction were carried out by two authors separately. Any disagreement among reviewers was resolved by discussion.ResultsThe total DALYs incurred by COVID-19 varied widely among nations, with rates per 100,000 population ranging from approximately 5 in Korea to 5,363 in the US. Deaths due to COVID-19 could substantially impact years of life lost (YLLs), emerging as a major contributing factor to DALYs. Furthermore, unlike in high-income countries, a significant proportion of YLLs in low- and middle-income countries is associated with individuals dying at younger ages. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were also identified as a minor contributing factor to DALY estimates associated with COVID-19.ConclusionOur findings from this investigation provide valuable insights into the impacts of COVID-19 on global health that may be an important basis for assessing its global burden, facilitating international comparisons, and allocating efforts to manage the epidemic. However, challenges persist in identifying and quantifying the economic costs and non-health effects of the event on an international scale.
Comprehensive evaluation of the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Shaanxi province based on PMC index model
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Lin Shuzhi , Liu Wei , Liu Qian , Yin Lin , Feng Bianling 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe high-quality development of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry is dependent on supportive policies and requires higher levels of coordination and integration. National and local government policies must coordinate the integrated development of the TCM industry under modern governance principles. However, the policy structure and its impact on the development of the TCM industry have not been thoroughly explored from the perspectives of policy design and empirical evidence.MethodsA TCMIDPs evaluation system was established using the PMC-Index model to quantitatively analyze TCMIDPs in China and Shaanxi Province. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to comprehensively evaluate 51 enterprises in Shaanxi Province.ResultsThe policy analysis shows that the average PMC index of the 31 TCM industry development policies is 5.080, indicating that the areas and functions covered by these policies need improvement. The comprehensive evaluation reveals that pharmaceutical enterprises in Shaanxi Province still exhibit unbalanced development.ConclusionFuture TCM industry policies should focus on long-term industrial development, incorporating comprehensive perspectives. Emphasis should be placed on strengthening enterprise R&amp;D, accelerating pharmaceutical innovation, and promoting the holistic development of pharmaceutical enterprises.
Association between female cardiometabolic index and infertility: a population-based study
Authors: Liu Junqian , Zhu Fengya , Wang Yuan , Wu Jie 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundVisceral fat accumulation and dyslipidaemia are associated with infertility symptoms. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a comprehensive quantitative measure of central obesity and dyslipidaemia. However, the link between the female CMI and the couple infertility needs to be explored further. Hence, this study aimed to dissect this connection.MethodsThe study used a cross-sectional approach to select 1,641 female participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which was conducted between 2013 and 2020. The natural log–transformed CMI (In-CMI) was used to consider the non-normal distribution of CMI. Logistic regression models adjusted for covariates were employed to investigate the association between the In-CMI and couple infertility.ResultsAfter adjusting for all covariates, each 1 unit increase in the In-CMI was associated with a 34% increase in the incidence of infertility (odds ratio [OR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.64, p = 0.004). In addition, the association remained statistically significant after dividing the In-CMI into tertiles (T1, T2, and T3). The T3 group, with the highest In-CMI, showed higher odds of infertility compared with the T1 group (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.38–3.23, p &lt; 0.001). Subgroup and interaction analyses revealed that the association between the In-CMI and infertility depended on a history of treatment for pelvic infection (P for interaction &lt;0.05). The inflection point for a positive linear association between In-CMI and infertility was−0.73.ConclusionThe female CMI is linked to the incidence of couple infertility. Moreover, the female CMI shows significant medical significance for assessing couple infertility risk of childbearing age.
Integrating HIV prevention with family planning services for adolescent girls and young women in Uganda: perspectives of adolescent girls and young women, health care providers, and policymakers
Authors: Tumusiime Justine K. , Canagasabey Davina , Mudiope Peter , Kitaka Sabrina , Namagembe Allen , Walugembe Fiona , Nakankaka Bridget , Nabuuma Josephine , Nasunku Jesca , Cover Jane , Mirembe Betty , Jackson Ashley , Green Kimberly 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionPersistently high HIV incidence among women, especially adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), have drawn the attention of national policymakers, donors, and implementers in Sub-Saharan Africa to the integration of HIV and family planning (FP) programs. According to several research studies, FP services could offer a holistic strategy to address the HIV and FP needs of this demographic by including HIV prevention approaches, particularly HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Our study set out to explore the obstacles and opportunities that AGYW faced in accessing, using, and continuing HIV prevention and contraceptive services; to develop ideas for novel service models that would allow AGYW to receive integrated, HIV prevention and contraception services; and to evaluate the viability, scalability, and acceptability of these models through dialogues with stakeholders using a human-centered design approach.MethodsWe conducted 128 in-depth interviews with 60 AGYW, 24 public and private health care providers, 10 community leaders, and 10 policymakers). We also conducted two co-creation workshops with 50 AGYW and 10 health care providers in Masaka and Nakasongola districts to generate service delivery models.ResultsOur findings reveal various enablers and barriers to the successful integration of HIV prevention into FP services in the areas of policy, human resources and infrastructure, resource management, service delivery, community involvement, supply chain management, and monitoring and reporting.DiscussionSuccessful integration will require addressing key concerns raised by participants in human resource and infrastructure, resource management, service delivery, demand creation, male involvement, supply chain management and monitoring and reporting.