bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Combined application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers to Improve Fertility of Degraded Soil and Sustainable Yield in Intensive Irrigated Rice Systems
Authors: Susanti Zuziana , Hikmah Zaqiah Mambaul , Sastro Yudi , Sasmita Priatna , Sembiring Hasil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMinimizing the problem of nitrous oxide emissions from paddy field that contributes to climate change is the key to increase fertilizer efficiency. Application of Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium efficiently in combination with organic fertilizer is crucial to improve fertility of degraded soil without sacrificing the yield. A trial in 2022 dry season, as part of on-farm long term fertility experiment applied combination of chemical fertilizer and organic to explore changes in soil fertility, soil organic content and yield under double rice cropping system. The experiment was designed in Split Plot with 4 replications, has been conducting at the Sukamandi experimental station, ICRR. The main plot was 5 chemical fertilizers which were without fertilizer input as control, + PK, + NP, NK + and + NPK. The subplot was organic fertilizer: a dose of 2 ton manure ha−1, straw compost with dose 5 ton ha−1and without organic content as control. The results of cropping season 2022 showed that (1) combined application of organic and chemical fertilizer at plot +NK significantly improved the soil organic content and yield of rice, (2) Fertilization significantly affected the growth, yield of rice and the soil nutrient status, (3) Adequate supply of macronutrients N-P-K treatment resulted in higher grain yield and more efficient fertilizer use.
Evaluation of the production of crude tannin extract from coffee husk as a feed additive for ruminant rations using the maceration method
Authors: Wulandari S , Nurfitriani R A , Kusuma S B 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Feed contributes 60-80% in livestock business. The main problem in ruminant farming in tropical areas such as Indonesia is the lack of availability of forage in the dry season, while in the rainy season its availability is abundant. For this reason, there is a need for preservation efforts using the silage method. However, the use of this silage method can reduce the nutritional content of fresh grass, especially protein. One of the additive properties of tannins is that they can bind to proteins. The preliminary study indicated that the addition of 9 g of tannin additives per kg of grass was able to maintain the protein nutrient content from microbial degradation during the ensilage. The Soxhlet extraction with ethanol as a solvent was used in the preliminary study. The obstacle faced is if we are going to produce on a large scale/business scale as in ruminant businesses in general, such as sheep and cattle. For this reason, an alternative method is needed to produce feed additives for crude tannin extract without using laboratory equipment (Soxhlet equipment) so that it can be applied easily in the field, namely by maceration. The aim of this study was to examine the production of crude tannin extract from coffee husks using the maceration method. The method of maceration used was 40 g of coffee husk powder which was extracted with a polar compound according to treatment (70% acetone, 70% ethanol) as much as 200 ml (room temperature), by shaking using a shaker. Extraction time according to treatment (8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours). Crude tannin extract was obtained by drying the solid extract in an oven (60°C). The data were analysed for variance in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial of 2X3. Factor I is the type of solvent (70% acetone and 70% ethanol). Factor II is the duration of maceration (8 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours). Each treatment was repeated 2 times. Significantly different results were continued using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that there was no interaction between the effect of the type of organic solvent and maceration duration but each factor, namely the type of organic solvent or maceration durations, had an effect on the tannin content produced and the amount of remaining unextracted coffee husk. Maceration durations for 24 hours using 70% ethanol as a solvent gave the best results for producing crude tannins from coffee husk extract.
Climate Change Learning at Junior and Senior High Schools on the Outer Islands of Indonesia: The Case on Sebatik Island
Authors: Satyawan Ignatius Agung , Baskara Sri Herwindya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Apart from the COVID-19 pandemic, the world is currently under threat due to climate change. Based on the report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), since 1850 there has been an increase in temperature and sea level so that small islands, especially those that are located at the outermost boundaries of Indonesia, will sink. If this happens, Indonesia’s territorial boundaries must be redefined since the outermost islands are marker of its boundaries. The awareness of the people living in the outer islands on environment and climate change is very much needed to cope with the impacts of climate change. Learning on climate change in schools is an important issue. This study analyses the learning process on climate change at junior and senior high school in Sebatik Island, an outer island in North Kalimantan Province which borders with Malaysia. This study was conducted through a qualitative descriptive approach while the data were obtained through interviews and document research. This study found that material on climate change is taught in Social Science subjects in grade VII (junior high school) and grade X (senior high school).
Non-contact inspection method for surface roughness on small samples
Authors: Yu Xiaofeng , Yan Yongqi , Zhao Jiang , Sheng Wei , Li Zhengminqing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study aims to improve the non-contact measurement accuracy of roughness of small samples. Therefore, machine vision and virtual sample generation technology are used to detect the roughness of small sample bearing steel (GCr15) in this study. The surface roughness of different specimens is tested with a contact roughness detector. Image acquisition is carried out on the specimen, histogram equalization image enhancement preprocessing is carried out on the image, and sample capacity expansion is carried out on the basis of data enhancement. On this basis, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is used to extract the image texture features, and a linear regression model of roughness and Energy, Entropy, Homogeneity, Contrast and Correlation is established. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) is used to classify and predict their surface roughness, train the original samples and virtual samples respectively, and compare their prediction accuracy. The results show that the precision of the virtual samples based on resampling and singular value decomposition(SVD) are 10.13% and 21.21% higher than that of the original samples, respectively, and the average error between the predicted value and the measured value of visual roughness is 3.4%. Therefore, the machine vision and virtual sample generation technology are combined to achieve acceptable surface roughness detection of small samples, which provides a theoretical basis for online detection in gear processing.
Indexing cardiac volumes for peak oxygen uptake to improve differentiation of physiological and pathological remodeling: from elite athletes to heart failure patients
Authors: Letnes Jon Magne , Nes Bjarne Martens , Langlo Knut Asbjørn Rise , Aksetøy Inger-Lise Aamot , Lundgren Kari Margrethe , Skovereng Knut , Sandbakk Øyvind , Wisløff Ulrik , Dalen Håvard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Cardiovascular structures adapt to meet metabolic demands, but current methodology for indexing by body size does not accurately reflect such variations. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left atrial maximal volume (LAVmax) are associated with absolute (L/min) peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and fat-free mass (FFM) compared to body surface area (BSA). We subsequently assessed the impact of indexing by absolute VO2peak, FFM, and BSA to discriminate pathological from physiological remodeling.

Methods and results
We used data from 1190 healthy adults to explore relationships for BSA, FFM, and absolute VO2peak with LVEDV and LAVmax by regression and correlation analyses. We then compared these indexing methods for classification to normalcy/pathology in 61 heart failure patients and 71 endurance athletes using the chi-squared and Fisher exact tests and the net reclassification and integrated discrimination indices. Absolute VO2peak correlated strongly with LVEDV, explaining 52% of variance vs. 32% for BSA and 44% for FFM. Indexing LVEDV for VO2peak improved discrimination between heart failure patients and athletes on top of indexing to BSA. Seventeen out of 18 athletes classified to pathology by BSA were reclassified to normalcy by VO2peak indexing (P &lt; 0.001), while heart failure patients were reclassified to pathology (39–95%, P &lt; 0.001). All indexing methods explained below 20% of the variance in LAVmax in univariate models.

Conclusions
Indexing LVEDV to VO2peak improves the ability to differentiate physiological and pathological enlargement. The LVEDV to absolute VO2peak ratio may be a key index in diagnosing heart failure and evaluating the athlete’s heart.
Iron affects localization of Ght5 in fission yeast
Authors: Akyüz Sevim Nur , Kina Umit Yasar , Aly Ahmed S I , Palabiyik Bedia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Iron is an essential cofactor for eukaryotic cells, as well as a toxic metal under certain conditions. On the other hand, glucose is the preferred energy and carbon source by most organisms and is an important signaling molecule in the regulation of biological processes. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the Ght5 hexose transporter, known as a high affinity glucose transporter, is required for cell proliferation in low glucose concentrations. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of iron stress on the Ght5 hexose transporter under glucose repression and derepression conditions. The effect of iron stress on the expression profile of the ght5 gene was analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot. The localization of the Ght5-mNeonGreen fusion protein examined with confocal microscopy. Our results revealed that iron stress had an inhibitory effect on ght5 expression, and it altered Ght5 localization on the cell surface, causing it to accumulate in the cytoplasm.
Low-cost culture media designed for biomass production of beneficial lactic acid bacteria for their inclusion in a formula to treat bovine reproductive infections
Authors: Miranda Maria Hortencia , Nader-Macías María Elena Fátima 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As a first step for the use of probiotics in a formula for cattle, it is required to have available low-cost culture medium(s) and efficient production conditions for the growth of probiotic bacteria and high production of cell biomass. De Man–Rogosa–Sharpe medium, used frequently for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) contains adequate ingredients for their growth but is very expensive for industrial application. The nutrients required for LAB growth are strain-dependent. In this work, traditional culture media were evaluated omitting and/or modifying ingredients in their composition, as carbon or nitrogen source, on the basis of their low-cost industrial waste, to select those supporting the most efficient growth. The results showed that the formulation of culture media containing fructose (0.5%) and molasses (1.0%) was better for the growth and production of cell biomass for all the strains assayed, except Lactobacillus gasseri CRL1421 growing in 1.5% corn syrup. FM902 yeast extract at concentrations between 1.5% and 2.5% was the most adequate for most of the strains. The LAB grown in the designed media maintained the beneficial properties for which they selected. The use of the culture media designed to produce biomass decrease production costs, which is an important step for the feasible industrial production of probiotic pharmaceuticals.
A review of inverse data envelopment analysis: origins, development and future directions
Authors: Emrouznejad Ali , Amin Gholam R , Ghiyasi Mojtaba , Michali Maria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a widely used mathematical programming approach for assessing the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) in various sectors. Inverse DEA is a post-DEA sensitivity analysis approach developed initially for solving resource allocation. The main objective of inverse DEA is to determine the optimal quantity of inputs and/or outputs for each DMU under input and/or output perturbation (s), which would allow them to reach a given efficiency target. Since the early 2000s, inverse DEA has been extended theoretically and applied successfully in different areas including banking, energy, education, sustainability and supply chain management. In recent years, research has demonstrated the potential of inverse DEA for solving novel inverse problems, such as estimating merger gains, minimizing production pollution, optimizing business partnerships and more. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the latest theoretical and practical advancements in inverse DEA while also highlighting potential areas for future research and development in this field. One such area is exploring the use of heuristic algorithms and optimization techniques in conjunction with inverse DEA models to address issues of infeasibility and nonlinearity. Moreover, applying inverse DEA to new sectors such as healthcare, agriculture and environmental and climate change issues holds great promise for future research. Overall, this paper sets the stage for further advancements in this promising approach.
The US Intelligence Community, Global Security, and AI: From Secret Intelligence to Smart Spying
Authors: Moran Christopher R , Burton Joe , Christou George 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article examines the ways in which the US intelligence community is leveraging the power of artificial intelligence (AI) for national security purposes. Drawing on declassified intelligence records, it contends that this community has been fascinated by AI for decades. This is important to acknowledge because this historical context has shaped contemporary projects and thinking within the community. It has given the United States a first-mover advantage, establishing precedents that other global actors need to comply with, negotiate or resist. The article advances three arguments. One, the community has long recognized that it needs to collaborate with the tech sector on AI. However, these relationships bring certain challenges since the sector is a curious compound of ideologies and interests. Two, while the community was initially attracted to the data processing advantages of AI to help human analysts to overcome “data smog,” today it has broadened its focus to consider how AI can improve all stages of the intelligence cycle. Three, while many voices feverishly herald the transformative potential of AI in the global security environment, we argue instead that US agencies will not be able to exploit the full potential of AI, and thus talk of an intelligence revolution is premature. This is because of national and international rules on data collection and retention but also because of cultural tensions within the global AI ecosystem. The discussion will appeal to scholars and practitioners interested in the impact of emerging technologies on national security processes and decision-making and, more broadly, global security.
Anaplasmosis-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Scribner Jacob , Wu Benita , Lamyaithong Andre , Arcega Victor , Villanueva Daphne-Dominique 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cases of anaplasmosis have increased steadily and are appearing in states where it is less common. While symptoms are usually mild, in rare cases it can cause hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Here, we present a case of polymerase chain reaction–confirmed Anaplasma phagocytophilum with morulae on peripheral blood smear associated with biopsy-proven hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Lipid transport protein ORP2A promotes glucose signaling by facilitating RGS1 degradation
Authors: Yu Qian , Zou Wenjiao , Liu Kui , Sun Jialu , Chao Yanru , Sun Mengyao , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Xiaofei , Ge Lei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) are a group of regulators essential for signal transmission into cells. Regulator of G protein signaling 1 (AtRGS1) possesses intrinsic GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) activity and could suppress G protein and glucose signal transduction in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, how AtRGS1 activity is regulated is poorly understood. Here, we identified a knockout mutant of oxysterol binding protein-related protein 2A, orp2a-1, which exhibits similar phenotypes to the arabidopsis g-protein beta 1-2 (agb1-2) mutant. Transgenic lines overexpressing ORP2A displayed short hypocotyls, a hypersensitive response to sugar, and lower intracellular AtRGS1 levels than the control. Consistently, ORP2A interacted with AtRGS1 in vitro and in vivo. Tissue-specific expression of 2 ORP2A alternative splicing isoforms implied functions in controlling organ size and shape. Bioinformatic data and phenotypes of orp2a-1, agb1-2, and the orp2a-1 agb1-2 double mutant revealed the genetic interactions between ORP2A and Gβ in the regulation of G protein signaling and sugar response. Both alternative protein isoforms of ORP2A localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasma membrane (PM), and ER–PM contact sites and interacted with vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein 27-1 (VAP27-1) in vivo and in vitro through their two phenylalanines in an acidic track-like motif. ORP2A also displayed differential phosphatidyl phosphoinositide binding activity mediated by the pleckstrin homology domain in vitro. Taken together, the Arabidopsis membrane protein ORP2A interacts with AtRGS1 and VAP27-1 to positively regulate G protein and sugar signaling by facilitating AtRGS1 degradation.
Interplay between NIN-LIKE PROTEINs 6 and 7 in nitrate signaling
Authors: Cheng Yu-Hsuan , Durand Mickael , Brehaut Virginie , Hsu Fu-Chiun , Kelemen Zsolt , Texier Yves , Krapp Anne , Tsay Yi-Fang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
NLP7 (NIN-LIKE-PROTEIN 7) is the major transcriptional factor responsible for the primary nitrate response (PNR), but the role of its homolog, NLP6, in nitrogen signaling and the interplay between NLP6 and NLP7 remain to be elucidated. In this study, we show that, like NLP7, nuclear localization of NLP6 via a nuclear retention mechanism is nitrate dependent, but nucleocytosolic shuttling of both NLP6 and NLP7 is independent of each other. Compared with single mutants, the nlp6nlp7 double mutant displays a synergistic growth retardation phenotype in response to nitrate. The transcriptome analysis of the PNR showed that NLP6 and NLP7 govern ∼50% of nitrate-induced genes, with cluster analysis highlighting 2 distinct patterns. In the A1 cluster, NLP7 plays the major role, whereas in the A2 cluster, NLP6 and NLP7 are partially functionally redundant. Interestingly, comparing the growth phenotype and PNR under high- and low-nitrate conditions demonstrated that NLP6 and NLP7 exert a more dominant role in the response to high nitrate. Apart from nitrate signaling, NLP6 and NLP7 also participated in high ammonium conditions. Growth phenotypes and transcriptome data revealed that NLP6 and NLP7 are completely functionally redundant and may act as repressors in response to ammonium. Other NLP family members also participated in the PNR, with NLP2 and NLP7 acting as broader regulators and NLP4, -5, -6, and -8 regulating PNR in a gene-dependent manner. Thus, our findings indicate that multiple modes of interplay exist between NLP6 and NLP7 that differ depending on nitrogen sources and gene clusters.
“Sentinel or accomplice”: gut microbiota and microglia crosstalk in disorders of gut–brain interaction
Authors: Zheng Haonan , Zhang Cunzheng , Zhang Jindong , Duan Liping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Abnormal brain–gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role. Microglia are the “sentinels” of the central nervous system (CNS), which participate in tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury, resist central infection and participate in neurogenesis, and are involved in the occurrence of various neurological diseases. With in-depth research on DGBI, we could find an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and microglia and that they are jointly involved in the occurrence of DGBI, especially in individuals with comorbidities of mental disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This bidirectional regulation of microbiota and microglia provides a new direction for the treatment of DGBI. In this review, we focus on the role and underlying mechanism of the interaction between gut microbiota and microglia in DGBI, especially IBS, and the corresponding clinical application prospects and highlight its potential to treat DGBI in individuals with psychiatric comorbidities.
Reduction in the propensity of rapid eye movement sleep and phasic-to-tonic ratio in patients with refractory epilepsy
Authors: Yeh Wei-Chih , Li Ying-Sheng , Hsu Chung-Yao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Patients with epilepsy exhibit disturbed sleep architecture and shorter rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared with healthy controls. REM sleep consists of two microstates, phasic and tonic REM. Studies suggest that epileptic activity is suppressed in phasic but not in tonic REM. However, changes in the REM microstructure in patients with epilepsy are still unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the differences in REM microstructure between patients with refractory and medically controlled epilepsy.

Methods
This retrospective case–control study included patients with refractory and medically controlled epilepsy. Sleep parameters of the patients were recorded by standard polysomnography. In addition, the microstructures of sleep and REM sleep were compared between the two epilepsy groups.

Results
Forty-two patients with refractory epilepsy and 106 with medically controlled epilepsy were evaluated. The refractory group showed significantly decreased REM sleep (p = 0.0062), particularly in the first and second sleep cycles (p = 0.0028 and 0.00482, respectively), as well as longer REM latency (p = 0.0056). Eighteen and 28 subjects in the refractory and medically controlled epilepsy groups, respectively, with comparable REM sleep percentages, underwent REM microstructure examination. Phasic REM sleep was significantly lower in the refractory group (4.5% ± 2.1% vs. 8.0% ± 4.1%; p = 0.002). In addition, the phasic-to-tonic ratio was significantly decreased (4.8 ± 2.3 vs. 8.9 ± 4.9; p = 0.002) and negatively associated with refractory epilepsy (coefficient = −0.308, p = 0.0079).

Conclusion
Patients with refractory epilepsy exhibited REM sleep disturbance at both macro and microstructure levels.