bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Identification Based on Deep Metric Learning for Preventing Human Errors in Follow-up X-Ray Examinations
Authors: Ueda Yasuyuki , Morishita Junji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiological fingerprints extracted from clinical images can be used for patient identity verification to determine misfiled clinical images in picture archiving and communication systems. However, such methods have not been incorporated into clinical use, and their performance can degrade with variability in the clinical images. Deep learning can be used to improve the performance of these methods. A novel method is proposed to automatically identify individuals among examined patients using posteroanterior (PA) and anteroposterior (AP) chest X-ray images. The proposed method uses deep metric learning based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to overcome the extreme classification requirements for patient validation and identification. It was trained on the NIH chest X-ray dataset (ChestX-ray8) in three steps: preprocessing, DCNN feature extraction with an EfficientNetV2-S backbone, and classification with deep metric learning. The proposed method was evaluated using two public datasets and two clinical chest X-ray image datasets containing data from patients undergoing screening and hospital care. A 1280-dimensional feature extractor pretrained for 300 epochs performed the best with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9894, an equal error rate of 0.0269, and a top-1 accuracy of 0.839 on the PadChest dataset containing both PA and AP view positions. The findings of this study provide considerable insights into the development of automated patient identification to reduce the possibility of medical malpractice due to human errors.
Evaluating retention forestry 10 years after its introduction in temperate forests regarding the provision of tree-related microhabitats and dead wood
Authors: Großmann Josef , Carlson Lena , Kändler Gerald , Pyttel Patrick , Kleinschmit Jörg R. G. , Bauhus Jürgen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe individual or grouped retention of habitat trees in managed multiple-use forests has become an approach used to protect biodiversity-related structural attributes typically found in old close-to-nature forests. This study focuses on the effect of one such retention approach in the managed forests of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, ten years after its introduction. Specifically, we asked: (1) How effective are habitat tree groups (HTGs) at providing large living trees (LLTs > 80 cm DBH), tree-related microhabitats (TreMs), and dead wood?, and (2) which tree and stand variables have the greatest influence on the occurrence of TreMs? For this purpose, we inventoried 326 HTGs and 94 reference plots in forests dominated by the most widely occurring native conifer and broadleaf tree species, silver fir (Abies alba) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica). In accordance with our hypotheses, LLTs and TreMs were significantly more abundant in HTGs than in reference plots in both forest types. More importantly, when retaining 5% of the forest area as HTGs (a common retention level), old forest attributes such as woodpecker cavities, rot-holes or exposed heartwood increased significantly at the stand level while the volume of LLTs almost tripled, and volume of snags increased by 25%. However, quantities of these two attributes remain below minimum thresholds recommended in the scientific literature. A conversion of 15–25% of the stand area into HTGs is needed to increase the stand level abundance of TreMs such as concavities, exposed sapwood, or crown dead wood significantly in the short term. At the single-tree level, tree diameter (DBH), tree species, vitality and neighborhood competition had a significant influence on modeled TreM abundance. At the stand level, TreM occurrence increased with stand age and amount of snags, whereas TreM richness declined with stand density. Ten years after introducing the retention approach, forest stands with HTGs comprised significantly more important structural attributes than those without. Selecting HTGs with high stand volume or low tree density that also include snags, a mix of tree species, LLTs, and some low-vitality habitat trees could further improve this practice.
Predicting the spatial distribution of stable isotopes in precipitation using a machine learning approach: a comparative assessment of random forest variants
Authors: Erdélyi Dániel , Kern Zoltán , Nyitrai Tamás , Hatvani István Gábor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen are important natural tracers with a wide variety of environmental applications (e.g., the exploration of the water cycle, ecology and food authenticity). The spatially explicit predictions of their variations are obtained through various interpolation techniques. In the present work, a classical random forest (RF) and two of its variants were applied. RF and a random forest version employing buffer distance (RFsp) were applied to each month separately, while a random forest model was trained using all data employing month and year as categorical variables (RFtg). Their performance in predicting the spatial variability of precipitation stable oxygen isotope values for 2008–2017 across Europe was compared. In addition, a comparison was made with a publicly available alternative machine learning model which employs extreme gradient boosting. Input data was retrieved from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP; no. of stations: 144) and other national datasets (no. of stations: 127). Comparisons were made on the basis of absolute differences, median, mean absolute error and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. All variants were capable of reproducing the overall trends and seasonal patterns over time of precipitation stable isotope variability measured at each chosen validation site across Europe. The most important predictors were latitude in the case of the RF, and meteorological variables (vapor pressure, saturation vapor pressure, and temperature) in the case of the RFsp and RFtg models. Diurnal temperature range had the weakest predictive power in every case. In conclusion, it may be stated that with the merged dataset, combining GNIP and other national datasets, RFsp yielded the smallest mean absolute error 1.345‰) and highest Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (0.987), while with extreme gradient boosting (based on only the GNIP data) the mean absolute error was 1.354‰, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was 0.984, although it produced the lowers overall median value (1.113‰), while RFsp produced 1.124‰. The most striking systematic bias was observed in the summer season in the northern validation stations; this, however, diminished from 2014 onward, the point after which stations beyond 55° N are available in the training set.
Content and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow Lake Mulehe in Kisoro District, South–western Uganda
Authors: Saturday Alex , Kangume Susan , Bamwerinde Wilson 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the content and dynamics of nutrients in the shallow (max. 6 m) Lake Mulehe. We collected 54 water samples from nine sampling stations between the wet season (March–May 2020 and dry season (June–August 2020). Nutrients; ammonia–nitrogen (NH4–N), nitrate–nitrogen (NO3–N), nitrite–nitrogen (NO2–N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were investigated in accordance with APHA 2017 standard procedures. Besides, physical parameters: Temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ. The water quality index (WQI) was used to determine the water quality of Lake Muhele using drinking water quality standards developed by the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and the World Health Organization. Results indicated that nutrients (TN, NO3–N, TP, NH4-N, NO2–N and SRP) did not differ substantially between study stations (p > 0.05) but did reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) across study months. Besides, nutrient levels differed significantly between seasons (p < 0.05) except for SRP and NH4–N. The WQI values varied from 36.0 to 74.5, with a mean of 58.69. The recorded overall WQI value places Lake Mulehe’s water quality into the ‘poor’ category in terms of worthiness for human consumption. The study, therefore, recommends continuous pollution monitoring and enforcement of local regulations to reduce pollution in the lake as a result of anthropogenic activities.
Praktiken der Unterrichtswahrnehmung hinsichtlich des Umgangs mit anthropomorphen und teleologischen Schülervorstellungen im Evolutionsunterricht
Authors: Steinwachs Jens , Martens Helge 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIm komplexen Unterrichtsgeschehen sollten Lehrer*innen Situationen erkennen und verstehen, in denen ein Umgang mit Schülervorstellungen bedeutsam ist. Zu der Frage, wie die Relation von Schülervorstellungen und fachlichen Normen im Unterricht bearbeitet werden soll, existieren in der Biologiedidaktik unterschiedliche Positionen. Aus der Perspektive einer strukturtheoretischen Professionstheorie lässt sich diese Relation als Sachantinomie beschreiben, deren angemessene Bearbeitung eine professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung voraussetzt. In dieser rekonstruktiven Studie wird die Unterrichtswahrnehmung von Studierenden, Referendar*innen und Lehrpersonen mit dem Unterrichtsfach Biologie erforscht, indem die soziale Praktik des Sprechens über den Umgang mit anthropomorphen und teleologischen Schülervorstellungen im Evolutionsunterricht untersucht wird. Zur Datenerhebung wurde eine Videovignette als Impuls für 31 Gruppendiskussionen und 9 separate Einzelinterviews mit insgesamt 115 angehenden und berufstätigen Biologielehrpersonen eingesetzt. Die Datenauswertung erfolgt mit der Dokumentarischen Methode, da diese auf die Analyse sozialer Praktiken ausgerichtet ist. Von den 40 Fällen wurden 15 Fälle vollständig interpretiert und zur Typenbildung herangezogen. Die Analysen zeigen, dass in allen Fällen über das Verhältnis von Vermittlung und Aneignung fachlicher Normen sowie von Schülervorstellungen und fachlichen Normen im Modus einer Bewertung gesprochen wird: Die angehenden und berufstätigen Lehrpersonen bewerten sowohl das Handeln der Lehrperson bei der Vermittlung als auch die Aneignung der Schüler*innen. Die vier rekonstruierten Typen unterscheiden sich u. a. darin, welche Bedeutung Schülervorstellungen zugeschrieben wird. Die Vorstellungen der Schüler*innen werden als Indikatoren von Fachwissenslücken, als falsches Wissen, als unzureichendes Wissen oder als ein koexistierendes Erfahrungswissen konstruiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie werden exemplarisch in Beziehung zu fachdidaktischen sowie professionstheoretischen Normen gesetzt, um Herausforderungen für die Lehrer*innenbildung zu diskutieren.
The Role of Hedonic Goal Pursuit in Self-Control and Self-Regulation: Is Pleasure the Problem or Part of the Solution?
Authors: Becker Daniela , Bernecker Katharina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the role of hedonic goal pursuit in self-control and self-regulation. We argue that not all pursuit of immediate pleasure is problematic and that successful hedonic goal pursuit can be beneficial for long-term goal pursuit and for achieving positive self-regulatory outcomes, such as health and well-being. The following two key questions for future research are discussed: How can people’s positive affective experiences during hedonic goal pursuit be enhanced, and how exactly do those affective experiences contribute to self-regulatory outcomes? We also call for an intercultural perspective linking hedonic goal pursuit to self-regulatory outcomes at different levels. We suggest that understanding the cognitive, motivational, and affective mechanisms at play can help individuals reap the benefits of successful hedonic goal pursuit. Considering those potential benefits, hedonic goal pursuit should be studied more systematically. To achieve this, we argue for a stronger integration of affective science and self-control research.
Biochar application to temperate grasslands: challenges and opportunities for delivering multiple ecosystem services
Authors: Brown Robert W. , Chadwick David R. , Bott Tom , West Helen M. , Wilson Paul , Hodgins Genevieve R. , Snape Colin E. , Jones Davey L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGrasslands (natural, semi-natural and improved) occupy approximately one-third of the terrestrial biosphere and are key for global ecosystem service provision, storing up to 30% of soil organic carbon (SOC). To date, most research on soil carbon (C) sequestration has focused on croplands where the levels of native soil organic matter (SOM) are typically low and significant potential exists to replenish SOM stocks. However, with the renewed push to achieve “net zero” C emissions by 2050, grasslands may offer an additional C store, utilising tools such as biochar. Here, we critically evaluate the potential for biochar as a technology for increasing grassland C stocks, identifying a number of practical, economic, social and legislative challenges that need to be addressed before the widescale adoption of biochar may be achieved. We critically assess the current knowledge within the field of grassland biochar research in the context of ecosystem service provision and provide opinions on the applicability of biochar as an amendment to different types of grassland (improved, semi-improved and unimproved) and the potential effect on ecosystem provision using a range of application techniques in the topsoil and subsoil. We concluded that the key question remains, is it possible for managed grasslands to store more C, without causing a loss in additional ecosystem services? To address this question future research must take a more multidisciplinary and holistic approach when evaluating the potential role of biochar at sequestering C in grasslands to mitigate climate change.
Graphical Abstract
Backward Pattern Matching on Elastic-Degenerate Strings
Authors: Procházka Petr , Cvacho Ondřej , Krčál Luboš , Holub Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe concept of elastic-degenerate strings (EDS) was introduced as a way of representing a sequenced population of the same species. Several online elastic-degenerate string matching (EDSM) algorithms were presented so far. Some of them provide a practical implementation. We propose a new on-line EDSM algorithm . Our algorithm combines two traditional algorithms and that were adapted to the specificities needed by Elastic-Degenerate Strings. is running in $${\mathcal {O}}(Nm\lceil \frac{m}{w}\rceil )$$

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Exploring the precision redox map during fasting-refeeding and satiation in C. elegans
Authors: Qiao Xinhua , Kang Lu , Shi Chang , Ye Aojun , Wu Dongli , Huang Yuyunfei , Deng Minghao , Wang Jiarui , Zhao Yuzheng , Chen Chang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFasting is a popular dietary strategy because it grants numerous advantages, and redox regulation is one mechanism involved. However, the precise redox changes with respect to the redox species, organelles and tissues remain unclear, which hinders the understanding of the metabolic mechanism, and exploring the precision redox map under various dietary statuses is of great significance. Twelve redox-sensitive C. elegans strains stably expressing genetically encoded redox fluorescent probes (Hyperion sensing H2O2 and Grx1-roGFP2 sensing GSH/GSSG) in three organelles (cytoplasm, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)) were constructed in two tissues (body wall muscle and neurons) and were confirmed to respond to redox challenge. The H2O2 and GSSG/GSH redox changes in two tissues and three organelles were obtained by confocal microscopy during fasting, refeeding, and satiation. We found that under fasting condition, H2O2 decreased in most compartments, except for an increase in mitochondria, while GSSG/GSH increased in the cytoplasm of body muscle and the ER of neurons. After refeeding, the redox changes in H2O2 and GSSG/GSH caused by fasting were reversed in most organelles of the body wall muscle and neurons. In the satiated state, H2O2 increased markedly in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and ER of muscle and the ER of neurons, while GSSG/GSH exhibited no change in most organelles of the two tissues except for an increase in the ER of muscle. Our study systematically and precisely presents the redox characteristics under different dietary states in living animals and provides a basis for further investigating the redox mechanism in metabolism and optimizing dietary guidance.
Image-based and risk-informed detection of Subsea Pipeline damage
Authors: Spahić Rialda , Poolla Kameshwar , Hepsø Vidar , Lundteigen Mary Ann 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs one of the most important assets in the transportation of oil and gas products, subsea pipelines are susceptible to various environmental hazards, such as mechanical damage and corrosion, that can compromise their structural integrity and cause catastrophic environmental and financial damage. Autonomous underwater systems (AUS) are expected to assist offshore operations personnel and contribute to subsea pipeline inspection, maintenance, and damage detection tasks. Despite the promise of increased safety, AUS technology needs to mature, especially for image-based inspections with computer vision methods that analyze incoming images and detect potential pipeline damage through anomaly detection. Recent research addresses some of the most significant computer vision challenges for subsea environments, including visibility, color, and shape reconstruction. However, despite the high quality of subsea images, the lack of training data for reliable image analysis and the difficulty of incorporating risk-based knowledge into existing approaches continue to be significant obstacles. In this paper, we analyze industry-provided images of subsea pipelines and propose a methodology to address the challenges faced by popular computer vision methods. We focus on the difficulty posed by a lack of training data and the opportunities of creating synthetic data using risk analysis insights. We gather information on subsea pipeline anomalies, evaluate the general computer vision approaches, and generate synthetic data to compensate for the challenges that result from lacking training data, and evidence of pipeline damage in data, thereby increasing the likelihood of a more reliable AUS subsea pipeline inspection for damage detection.
The Evolution of Pore Pressure, Stress, and Physical Properties During Sediment Accretion at Subduction Zones
Authors: Nikolinakou M. A. , Flemings P. B. , Gao B. , Saffer D. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study stress, pressure, and rock properties in evolving accretionary wedges using analytical formulations and geomechanical models. The evolution of the stress state from that imposed by uniaxial burial seaward of the trench to Coulomb failure within the wedge generates overpressure and drives compaction above the décollement. Changes in both mean and shear stress generate overpressure and shear‐induced pressures play a particularly important role in the trench area. In the transition zone between uniaxial burial and Coulomb failure, shear‐induced overpressures increase more than overburden and are higher than footwall pressures. This rapid increase in overpressure reduces the effective normal stress and weakens the plate interface along a zone that onsets ahead of the trench and persists well into the subduction zone. It also drives dewatering at the trench, which enables compaction of the hanging‐wall sediments and a porosity offset at the décollement. Within the accretionary wedge, sediments are at Coulomb failure and the pore pressure response is proportional to changes in mean stress. Low permeability and high convergence rates promote overpressure generation in the wedge, which limits sediment strength. Our results may provide a hydromechanical explanation for a wide range of observed behaviors, including the development of protothrust zones, widespread occurrence of shallow slow earthquake phenomena, and the propagation of large shallow coseismic slip.
Increasing Global Terrestrial Diurnal Temperature Range for 1980–2021
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Dunn Robert J. H. , Li Laurent Z. X. , McVicar Tim R. , Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Zeng Zhenzhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe 2021 IPCC report found that most studies show declining trends for the global diurnal temperature range (DTR) since the 1950s, decreasing mainly during 1960–1980. This issue is revisited here using an up‐to‐date in‐situ data set, Hadley Center Integrated Surface Database, constrained by rigorous station selection conditions. The global observed DTR trend was found to reverse during 1980–2021, increasing significantly at a rate of 0.091 ± 0.008°C decade−1. The trend was dominated by a faster rate of increasing daily maximum air temperature. This increasing observed trend in the past four decades was not fully captured in raw CMIP6 models, as models only partially capture the spatial patterns. With global CMIP6 outputs and regionally‐available observations, the global land DTR was then estimated, through emergent constraints, to be 0.063 ± 0.012°C decade−1. The study raises concern for risks of increasing DTR globally and provides new insights into global DTR assessment.