bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral anti‐viral therapy for early COVID‐19 infection in patients with haematological malignancies: A multicentre prospective cohort
Authors: Minoia Carla , Diella Lucia , Perrone Tommasina , Loseto Giacomo , Pelligrino Carmen , Attolico Immacolata , Pasciolla Crescenza , Totaro Valentina , De Candia Maria Stella , Spada Vito , Clemente Felice , Camporeale Michele , Di Gennaro Francesco , Guarini Attilio , Musto Pellegrino , Saracino Annalisa , Bavaro Davide Fiore 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh rates of lung failure have been reported in haematological patients after SARS‐CoV2 infection. An early administration of monoclonal antibodies or anti‐virals may improve the prognosis. Oral anti‐virals may have a wider use independently of the genetic variations of the virus. Prospective data on anti‐virals in haematological malignancies (HMs) are still lacking. Outpatients diagnosed with HM and early COVID‐19 infection were prospectively treated with the oral anti‐virals nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir. Incidence of lung failure, deaths and adverse events was analysed. Long‐term outcome at third month was evaluated. Eighty‐two outpatients were evaluable for the study objectives. All patients had been treated for their HM within 12 months. COVID‐19‐related lung failure was 23.1%. Active HM (aOR = 4.42; p = 0.038) and prolonged viral shedding (aOR = 1.04; p = 0.022) resulted independent predictors of severe infection. The vaccination with three to four doses (aOR = 0.02; p = 0.001) and with two doses (aOR = 0.06; p = 0.006) resulted protective. COVID‐19‐related deaths at 28 days were 6.1%. All‐cause mortality at 90‐day follow‐up was 13.4% (n. 11) and included opportunistic infections and cardiovascular events. In conclusion, this approach reduced the incidence of lung failure and specific mortality compared to previous cohorts, but patients remain at high risk of further complications.
Protected area coverage of vulnerable regions to conserve functional diversity of birds
Authors: Martínez‐Núñez Carlos , Martínez‐Prentice Ricardo , García‐Navas Vicente 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlobal‐change drivers are increasing the rates of species extinction worldwide, posing a serious threat to ecosystem functioning. Preserving the functional diversity of species is currently a priority to mitigate abrupt biodiversity loss in the coming decades. Therefore, understanding what factors better predict functional diversity loss in bird assemblages at a global scale and how existing protected areas cover the most vulnerable regions is of key importance for conservation. We examined the environmental factors associated with the risk of functional diversity loss under 3 scenarios of bird species extinction based on species distribution range size, generation length, and International Union for the Conservation of Nature conservation status. Then, we identified regions that deserve special conservation focus. We also assessed how efficiently extant terrestrial protected areas preserve particularly vulnerable bird assemblages based on predicted scenarios of extinction risk. The vulnerability of bird functional diversity increased as net primary productivity, land‐use diversity, mean annual temperature, and elevation decreased. Low values for these environmental factors were associated with a higher risk of functional diversity loss worldwide through two mechanisms: one independent of species richness that affects assemblages with low levels of niche packing and high functional dissimilarity among species, and the other that affects assemblages with low species richness and high rates of extinction. Existing protected areas ineffectively safeguarded regions with a high risk of losing functional diversity in the next decades. The global predictors and the underlying mechanisms of functional vulnerability in bird assemblages we identified can inform strategies aimed at preserving bird‐driven ecological functions worldwide.
A multidisciplinary approach to estimating wolf population size for long‐term conservation
Authors: Marucco Francesca , Boiani Maria V. , Dupont Pierre , Milleret Cyril , Avanzinelli Elisa , Pilgrim Kristine , Schwartz Michael K. , von Hardenberg Achaz , Perrone Domenica Serena , Friard Olivier P. , Menzano Arianna , Bisi Francesco , Fattori Umberto , Tomasella Michela , Calderola Sonia , Carolfi Sabrina , Ferrari Piero , Chioso Christian , Truc Fabrizio , Bombieri Giulia , Pedrotti Luca , Righetti Davide , Acutis Pierluigi L. , Guglielmo Fabio , Hauffe Heidi C. , Rossi Chiara , Caniglia Romolo , Aragno Paola , La Morgia Valentina , Genovesi Piero , Bischof Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe wolf (Canis lupus) is among the most controversial of wildlife species. Abundance estimates are required to inform public debate and policy decisions, but obtaining them at biologically relevant scales is challenging. We developed a system for comprehensive population estimation across the Italian alpine region (100,000 km2), involving 1513 trained operators representing 160 institutions. This extensive network allowed for coordinated genetic sample collection and landscape‐level spatial capture–recapture analyses that transcended administrative boundaries to produce the first estimates of key parameters for wolf population status assessment. Wolf abundance was estimated at 952 individuals (95% credible interval 816–1120) and 135 reproductive units (i.e., packs) (95% credible interval 112–165). We also estimated that mature individuals accounted for 33–45% of the entire population. The monitoring effort was spatially estimated thereby overcoming an important limitation of citizen science data. This is an important approach for promoting wolf–human coexistence based on wolf abundance monitoring and an endorsement of large‐scale harmonized conservation practices.
Temperature niche composition change inside and outside protected areas under climate warming
Authors: Hintsanen Leena , Marjakangas Emma‐Liina , Santangeli Andrea , Johnston Alison , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConservation of biodiversity relies heavily on protected areas but their role and effectiveness under a warming climate is still debated. We estimated the climate‐driven changes in the temperature niche compositions of bird communities inside and outside protected areas in southern Canada. We hypothesized that communities inside protected areas include a higher proportion of cold‐dwelling species than communities outside protected areas. We also hypothesized that communities shift to warm‐dwelling species more slowly inside protected areas than outside. To study community changes, we used large‐scale and long‐term (1997–2019) data from the Breeding Bird Survey of Canada. To describe the temperature niche compositions of bird communities, we calculated the community temperature index (CTI) annually for each community inside and outside protected areas. Generally, warm‐dwelling species dominated communities with high CTI values. We modeled temporal changes in CTI as a function of protection status with linear mixed‐effect models. We also determined which species contributed most to the temporal changes in CTI with a jackknife approach. As anticipated, CTI was lower inside protected areas than outside. However, contrary to our expectation, CTI increased faster over time inside than outside protected areas and warm‐dwelling species contributed most to CTI change inside protected areas. These results highlight the ubiquitous impacts of climate warming. Currently, protected areas can aid cold‐dwelling species by providing habitat, but as the climate warms, the communities’ temperature compositions inside protected areas quickly begin to resemble those outside protected areas, suggesting that protected areas delay the impacts of climate warming on cold‐dwelling species.
Conservation of Chinese Theaceae species under future climate and land use changes
Authors: Zhao Xuzhe , Wei Wei , Zhang Jingjing , Pan Shan , Che Qibing , Tang Junfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimClimate and land use changes are two major pervasive and growing global causes of rapid changes in the distribution patterns of biodiversity, challenging the future effectiveness of protected areas (PAs), which were mainly designed based on a static view of biodiversity. Therefore, evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas for protecting the species threatened by climate and land use change is critical for future biodiversity conservation.LocationChina.MethodsHere, using distributions of 200 Chinese Theaceae species and ensemble species distribution models, we identified species threatened by future climate and land use change (i.e. species with predicted loss of suitable habitat ≥30%) under scenarios incorporating climate change, land use change and dispersal. We then estimate the richness distribution patterns of threatened species and identify priority conservation areas and conservation gaps of the current PA network.ResultsOur results suggest that 36.30%–51.85% of Theaceae species will be threatened by future climate and land use conditions and that although the threatened species are mainly distributed at low latitudes in China under both current and future periods, the mean richness of the threatened species per grid cell will decline by 0.826–3.188 species by the 2070s. Moreover, we found that these priority conservation areas are highly fragmented and that the current PA network only covers 14.21%–20.87% of the ‘areas worth exploring’ and 6.91%–7.91% of the ‘areas worth attention’.Main ConclusionsOur findings highlight the necessity of establishing new protected areas and ecological corridors in priority conservation areas to protect the threatened species. Moreover, our findings also highlight the importance of taking into consideration the potential threatened species under future climate and land use conditions when designating priority areas for biodiversity conservation.
Urgrund and access to the Urgrund in Karoline von Günderrode’s discussion with the thought of Friedrich Schleiermacher
Authors: Herrera Hugo E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFriedrich Schleiermacher is among the philosophers who influenced Karoline von Günderrode's thought. Although this influence is relevant, it has received little attention. Both authors agree on distinguishing “spirit” and “body” or “the inner and the outer” in similar terms. However, there was a significant difference between them. In Schleiermacher's works that Günderrode considered (On Religion and Soliloquies), he conceives of the relationship as one in which the world or outer depends on the spirit or inner. For Günderrode, this relationship is polar, as “spirit” and “world” form part of an original totality. This difference from the philosopher influences the issue that both raised of access to the “primordial ground.” For Schleiermacher, the world depends on spirit; the issue of access to that foundation is circumscribed to access to the spiritual dimension. In contrast, for Günderrode, “spirit” and “body” are poles of a previous original totality. Hence, access to the primordial ground does not coincide with the spirit's access to itself. Instead, access to unity is both spiritual and corporeal. Günderrode's differences from Schleiermacher are based on an argument we attempt to elucidate and evaluate in this article.
Hermite‐Shannon‐Cosine spectral method for fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Hu Haitao , Cattani Piercarlo , Mei Shuli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractShannon‐Cosine wavelet function possesses almost all excellent characteristics such as interpolation, compact support, and smoothness. As an interpolation wavelet function, it could be applied in fractional partial differential equations effectively. However, when solving engineering problems in a finite interval, the treatment of the boundary is still not smooth enough. So, the Hermite‐Shannon‐Cosine interval wavelet is constructed using the Hermite interpolation function to achieve smoother transitions at the boundary of the interval, thereby reducing boundary effects. Based on this, a method for solving Fractional PDEs is proposed, the method's performance and its processing capability at the interval boundary are verified by taking the Fractional Fokker‐Planck equation and the Time‐Fractional Korteweg‐de Vries equation as examples. Compared with the multi‐scale Faber‐Schauder wavelet collocation method, Point‐Symmetric interval wavelet spectral method, Dynamic interval wavelet spectral method, and so forth, the experimental results show that the method performs better in terms of numerical accuracy and effectiveness.
Study on mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of specimens with single joint subjected to dynamic cyclical loading
Authors: Chen Miao , Yang Liu , Zang Chuanwei , Chen Yang , Qi Zhifeng , Kong Biao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractJointed rock masses are a common phenomenon in rock engineering and are vulnerable to cyclic loads caused by earthquakes, blasts, and traffic loads. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the fatigue characteristics of jointed rock masses under dynamic cyclic disturbance for long‐term stability assessments of rock engineering structures. This paper aims to investigate the effects of distinct joint inclinations under pre‐cyclic loading on the strength and failure characteristics of rock‐like specimens using experiments and numerical simulations. The results indicate that cyclic loading decreases the strength of the specimen, and the strength characteristics of the specimen are more apparent as the joint inclination angle becomes smaller. Furthermore, insights into different upper limit stress fatigue behaviors were gained by analyzing strength characteristics, crack propagation characteristics, and failure modes. Numerical results show that the damage degree of cyclic loading at high‐stress levels is linked to the joint inclination angle and carrying capacity of specimens, and high cycle stress levels have an impact on the failure mode of the specimen.
Stressors in a bottle: A microcosm study on phytoplankton assemblage response to extreme precipitation events under climate warming
Authors: Armstrong Margaret , Zhan Qing , Munthali Elias , Jin Hui , Teurlincx Sven , Peters Piet , Lürling Miquel , De Senerpont Domis Lisette N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The climatic stressors that are affecting lake ecosystems, especially phytoplankton, are projected to become more intense with continued climate change (e.g., heatwaves, precipitation events). Concerns over the combined effects that multiple, coinciding stressors can have on phytoplankton necessitates investigating the impacts of different regional climate scenarios.

A microcosm study was conducted to assess the responses of a phytoplankton assemblage containing a cyanobacterium (Anabaena flos‐aquae), a green alga (Chlorella vulgaris) and a diatom (Synedra) to a northwestern European summer scenario. Eutrophic microcosms were exposed to a full‐factorial design including a press temperature treatment scenario (ambient or warm) and a pulse precipitation treatment (no runoff simulation or runoff simulation).

Warming scenarios had significant effects on the phytoplankton assemblage biomass, which supports our first hypothesis (H1: higher water temperatures under eutrophic conditions will support larger phytoplankton biomasses, especially cyanobacteria). By contrast, the extreme precipitation runoff event had minimal and short‐lived effects on the microcosm assemblage.

Overall, the interaction between the two climate stressors was antagonistic. In contrast with our second hypothesis (H2: nutrient additions from extreme precipitation runoff will promote more productivity in higher temperature microcosms), the precipitation runoff event was not amplified by temperature.

Our results indicate that the combined effect of two climate stressors on a phytoplankton community are not necessarily synergistic or multiplicative. Our findings on antagonistic interactions between climatic stressors necessitate future studies assessing variations of intensity and duration of the climatic stressors.
Migration and innovation in early modern Islamic societies. The case for firearms
Authors: Dewière Rémi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objective of this article is to review the historiography of the relationship between migration and firearms technologies in the early modern Islamic World. By examining historiographical debates on the role of firearms in early modern Islamic societies, we will look at the place of migrants in the historical literature of firearms. During the colonial period, debates shifted from the alleged conservatism of Islamic societies regarding firearm technologies to their respective agencies in the diffusion of firearms in the early modern world. In this article, I will show that the historiography of firearm technologies in Islamdom exhibits a shift from essentialist arguments towards a history of technology transfers and the role of migrants in this process.
Apatite U–Pb dating of dinosaur teeth from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia: Contribution to depositional age constraints
Authors: Tanabe Myu , Aoki Kazumasa , Chiba Kentaro , Saneyoshi Mototaka , Kodaira Shota , Nishido Hirotsugu , Mainbayar Buuvei , Tsogtbaatar Khishigjav , Ishigaki Shinobu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Nemegt Formation in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, hosts abundant dinosaur and other vertebrate remains, the ages of which are uncertain due to a lack of radioactive dating. In order to more strictly constrain the depositional age of Nemegt Formation, we conducted U–Pb isotope, trace elements, and Y‐screening analyses using laser‐ablation inductively‐coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) on apatites of five Tarbosaurus bataar teeth collected from the middle Nemegt Formation. As a result, the age of 66.7 ± 2.5 Ma was obtained from one of the samples which is suggested to be least affected by secondary alteration of the U distribution, and this can be interpreted as a lower limit for fossilization of the tooth samples. Combined with the previously suggested relative age of the Nemegt Formation based on faunal occurrences, our data supports the deposition of the middle–upper Nemegt Formation during the Maastrichtian stage. Given that the depositional age of the Nemegt Formation has not been examined by isotope dating directly using fossils and minerals from the formation, this study is the first to report that the depositional ages of the vertebrate‐bearing strata in the Gobi can be discussed by fossil apatite U–Pb dating in combination with the Y‐screening method.
Effects of Ti ion deposition on corrosion resistance of WE43 alloy
Authors: Li Lianhui , Zhang Zhiqiang , Bao Jiaxin , Qi Fugang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTi films with different thicknesses were successfully deposited on the surface of WE43 alloy by filtered cathode vacuum arc technology, and the microscopic morphology, structural composition, and corrosion resistance of the films were studied by means of X‐ray diffractometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The results show that when the deposition time of Ti ions is 800 s, the thickness of the Ti film is 2.35 μm, the surface of the film is dense, and there are few defects. Meanwhile, Ti800 alloy has the best corrosion resistance among the four modified alloys. It has a corrosion current density (Icorr) of 2.9 μA·cm−2, which is about 50 times lower than that of unmodified alloy. This conclusion is also confirmed by the complete film layer of Ti800 alloy and the tight bonding with the substrate after immersion experiments. Good corrosion resistance is attributed to a dense and relatively chemically stable TiO2/Ti structure in simulated body fluid corrosive media.
Investors versus Workers: A Class‐Based Critique of International Investment Treaties
Authors: Müller Mirjam 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBilateral investment treaties constitute an important instrument to facilitate global investment. Recent discussions in political theory have highlighted several normative concerns raised by bilateral investment treaties. One worry is that investment treaties undermine national self‐determination as they grant investors far‐reaching protections that can be legally enforced. Another worry is that the benefits and burdens entailed in bilateral investment treaties are distributed unfairly in a way that benefits investors at the expense of states and disadvantaged groups within states. Instead of critiquing bilateral investment treaties from a perspective of global (distributive) justice, in this article I develop a class‐based critique. This involves a twofold departure. First, the article shifts the focus from distributions to the power relations that are built into the global capitalist economy and that come into sharp relief in the practice of global investment. Second, rather than focusing on the relation between states and investors, I claim that in a class‐based critique the relation between workers and investors should take centre stage. I argue that bilateral investment treaties are effectively an instrument of class domination, insofar as they reproduce and increase the power of transnational corporations while at the same time decreasing the power of workers.
Next‐generation mindfulness: A mindfulness matrix to extend the transformative potential of mindfulness for consumer, organizational, and societal wellbeing
Authors: Tobias Mortlock Jutta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis conceptual analysis contributes to extending the transformative potential of mindfulness for consumers and society by creating a mindfulness matrix that uncovers new linkages across previously siloed mindfulness literatures and by arguing that next‐generation mindfulness research and practice should draw on underexplored synergies between these. The paper makes three key contributions: First, it illustrates how a shift in understanding mainstream mindfulness from a predominate focus on the Self may create new opportunities for individual and collective wellbeing. Second, its mindfulness matrix offers an integrative mapping of relevant literatures to different motivations for engaging in mindfulness, suggesting opportunities for integration between diverse schools of thought. Finally, it argues that to broaden the scope of mindfulness to generate wisdom and transformative capacity in one and all, we need a stronger emphasis on understanding mindfulness as prosocial engagement. This offers new opportunities for research and interventions that promote consumer, organizational, and societal wellbeing.
The environmental impact and development direction of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, aquaculture
Authors: Xing‐Guo Liu , Hong‐ye Shen , Zhao‐jun Gu , Guofeng Cheng , Jie Wang , Hao Zhu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGrass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, is the largest freshwater aquaculture fish species worldwide. However, its environmental impacts are increasingly controversial. In this paper, we considered the production of a 1500 g commercial grass carp as an example, analyzed through a life cycle assessment. The results showed that the indicators of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential, eutrophication potential, freshwater eco‐toxicity potential (FAETP), land competition (LC), and fossil energy consumption of producing 1 kg of grass carp were equivalent to 5.7267 kg of CO2, 0.0648 kg of 1,4‐DCB0, 0.0010 kg of P, 0.0276 kg of SO2, 8.2951 m2, 0.3491 kg of oil, respectively, and were mainly from feed processing and water pollution. Compared with pig, beef, and sheep production, grass carp production has lower environmental impacts, but in terms of GWP, FAETP, and LC were significantly higher than chicken production, especially water pollution and discharge, which is an important consideration. This study clarifies the direction of grass carp production and key focus areas include producing low carbon and nitrogen emission feed, application of ecological engineering aquaculture system, intelligent mechanization technology and equipment.