bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preexisting Enhancing Antibodies in Vaccinated Participants Accelerate Dengue Virus 1 Infection Following Live Virus Human Challenge
Authors: Lyke Kirsten , Chua Joel , Koren Michael , Friberg Heather , Gromowski Gregory , Rapaka Rekha , Waickman Adam , Joshi Sudhaunshu , Strauss Kathleen , McCracken Michael , Gutierrez-Barbosa Hernando , Shrestha Biraj , Bernal Paula , Barrera Rafael De La , Currier Jeffrey , Jarman Richard , Edelman Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Dengue Human Infection Models (DHIM) are needed to down-select dengue vaccine candidates and establish tetravalent efficacy before advanced clinical field trials. As part of a randomized heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy, participants received a tetravalent dengue (TDEN) Purified Inactivated Vaccine (PIV) prime followed by a TDEN Live Attenuated Vaccine (LAV) boost at 28, 90 or 180 days. Vaccinated participants (n = 6) aged 18–50 years, with detectable pre-challenge TDEN antibody titers, and flavivirus-naïve control participants (n = 4) were inoculated with DENV-1 strain 45AZ5, 27–65 months following booster dosing. Daily quantitative PCR detected DENV-1 RNA in nine of 10 participants (5/6 vaccinees and 4/4 controls). The mean onset of RNAemia occurred on day 5 (range 5–6) in vaccinees versus day 8 (range 7–10) in controls, P = 0.007, with a trend towards reduced RNAemia duration in vaccinees (8.2 days vs. 10.5, P = 0.056). Mild to moderate symptoms, leukopenia, and transaminitis were commonly observed. Severe adverse events were detected only in vaccinees, including fever > 102.1°F (n = 3) and headache (n = 1), with one transient Grade 4 AST. Immunologic and transcriptomic analyses revealed vaccinees developed rapid and more robust upregulation of pathogen-induced gene markers of inflammatory innate and effector responses, in the setting of pre-existing antibodies and in vitro evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement, compared to naïve controls. We conclude that TDEN-PIV-primed, TDEN-LAV-boosted participants were unprotected against DENV-1 infection and further, showed increased clinical, immunologic, and transcriptomic evidence of inflammation potentially mediated by preexisting infection-enhancing antibodies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04786457.
Spin transport of a doped Mott insulator in moiré heterostructures
Authors: Wang Feng , Regan Emma , Lu Zheyu , Wang Danqing , Zhang Yang , Devakul Trithep , Nie Jacob , Zhang Zuocheng , Zhao Wenyu , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Tongay Sefaattin , Zettl Alex , Fu Liang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Moiré superlattices of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers are model systems for investigating strongly correlated electronic phenomena1-12. Specifically, WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices has emerged as a quantum simulator for the 2D extended Hubbard model1,2, which hosts fascinating correlated charge and spin physics. Experimental studies of charge transport have revealed correlated Mott insulator1,2 and generalized Wigner crystal states1, but spin transport of the moiré heterostructure has not yet been explored. Here, we use spatial- and temporal-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy to directly image the spin transport as a function of carrier doping and temperature in WSe2/WS2 moiré heterostructures. We observe diffusive spin transport at all hole concentrations at 11 Kelvin, including the Mott insulator at one hole per moiré unit cell, where charge transport is strongly suppressed. At elevated temperatures the spin diffusion constant remains unchanged at the Mott insulator state, but it increases significantly at finite doping away from the Mott state. The doping- and temperature-dependent spin transport can be qualitatively understood using a t-J model, where spins can move via hopping of spin-carrying charges and via the exchange interaction. From the measured spin diffusion constant, we can estimate the effective hopping amplitude t and exchange coupling J in the superlattice. Our results demonstrate opportunities for exploring novel spin physics in correlated electronic systems using TMD moiré superlattices.
The RNA virome of human and animal parasitic nematodes
Authors: Quek Shannon , Hadermann Amber , Wu Yang , De Coninck Lander , Hegde Shrilakshmi , Boucher Jordan , Cresswell Jessica , Foreman Ella , Steven Andrew , LaCourse E. , Ward Stephen , Wanji Samuel , Hughes Grant , Patterson Edward , Wagstaff Simon , Turner Joseph , Heinz Eva , Matthijnssens Jelle , Colebunders Robert , Taylor Mark 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Screening published transcriptomes, we have discovered 75 RNA viruses that infect 27 species of parasitic nematodes, responsible for >1.5 billion infections in people and animals. Our analysis shows extensive diversity and a conserved global spread of virus/nematode associations across multiple continents suggesting an ancestral acquisition event and host-virus co-evolution. Characterization of viruses of Brugia malayi (BMRV1) and Onchocerca volvulus (OVRV1) shows that these viruses are abundant in reproductive tissues of adult parasites, suggesting sexual/vertical transmission routes. One striking feature was the presence of BMRV1 RNA in epicuticular inflations in older parasites. BMRV1 and OVRV1 elicit antibody responses from the vertebrate host demonstrating direct exposure to the immune system. The parasites hosting these viruses have an intimate, chronic and life-long exposure to vertebrate tissues creating the opportunity to cross species barriers and so act as a novel paradigm for parasitic nematode diseases and a potential hidden reservoir of emerging viral diseases.
Cervical Cancers Diagnosed Across Ghana, a Study of Histopathological Characteristics and Hpv Type Distribution Using an Automated Ampfire Pcr Detection System
Authors: Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Imbeah Emmanuel Gustav , Ulzen-Appiah Kofi , Wiredu Edwin Kwame , Darkwa-Abrahams Afua , Adjei Ernest , Amo-Antwi Kwabena , Amo Ernest Obeng , Der Edmund Mounir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Due to the absence of a national screening and vaccination program, the burden of cervical cancer in Ghana is staggering. Geographical variations in high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (hrHPV) incidence and type have been documented and should be considered during vaccine improvement and screening, especially in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). We determined the types of hrHPV associated with cervical cancer and compared this to histopathological characteristics of cervical cancer.
Methods:
Cervical cancers were assessed for histopathological features by two independent pathologists following WHO 2014 and 2022 guidelines for the reporting of cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma (EAC). In addition, the novel Tumour Budding and Nest Size Grade (TBNS) for SCC, SILVA pattern of invasion for EAC and Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) were assessed. High Risk HPV testing was done using an isothermal, multiplex nucleic acid amplification method from ATILA biosystem (Mountain View California, USA).
Results:
A total of 297 cases were identified for the study with ages ranging from 20 to 95 years. The peak age group for cervical cancer was 46 to 55 years. For those tested, hrHPV positivity rate was 85.4% [ EAC (84.6%) and SCC (85.6%)]. The top five hrHPV serotypes for both histological cancers were 59(40%), 35(32%), 18(30%), 16(15%), and 33(10%) respectively. Approximately, 58.2% of infections were multiple. Single hrHPV infections were mostly caused by 59 (28.9%), and hrHPV 16 (26.3%). TBNS grade for SCC, SILVA pattern of invasion for EAC and TILs did not show any statistically significant relationship with hrHPV, though TBNS grade for SCC and SILVA invasion pattern for EAC mirrored the reported late stage and poor prognosis of cervical cancer in Ghana.
Conclusion:
We affirm reported variations in hrHPV types in cervical cancer in Ghana with hrHPV types such as 59, 35, and 33 playing a more significant role. Variations should guide vaccine improvement and triaging of hrHPV positives. Though multiple infections are more common, some hrHPV types such as hrHPV 16 and 59 are responsible for most single infections that result in cervical cancer. Simple haematoxylin and eosin-based morphological assessments can improve the prognostication of patients with cervical cancer.
Femoral bone metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in osimertinib-treated patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tanaka Ichidai , Gen Soei , Morise Masahiro , Koyama Junji , Kodama Yuta , Matsui Akira , Miyazawa Ayako , Hase Tetsunari , Hibino Yoshitaka , Yokoyama Toshihiko , Kimura Tomoki , Yoshida Norio , Sato Mitsuo , Ishii Makoto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives:
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have higher frequency of bone metastases than those of wild type; however, the metastatic pattern and the influence on clinical outcome remains unclear. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the association between bone metastatic sites and the clinical efficacy of the third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), osimertinib, in these patients.
Methods:
Clinical data of patients with advanced-NSCLC harboring EGFR mutation (N=411) at five medical institutions were retrospectively assessed for bone metastatic sites, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
Results:
Bone metastases was found in 41.1% of the patients at diagnosis, including 13.1% for single lesion, 8.0% for double lesions, and 20.0% for multiple lesions (≥3). Among them, vertebra (76.3%) and pelvis (60.9%) were most frequent metastatic sites. Femoral-, sternum-, and scapula-metastases were remarkably increased in the patients with multiple-bone metastasis. In the common EGFR-mutant NSCLC patient treated with osimertinib, both the OS and the PFS of the patients with femoral bone metastasis were remarkable significant shorter than those of the patients without femoral bone metastasis (OS; not reached vs. 12.1 months, P< 0.0001, and PFS; 17.2 vs. 9.3 months, P < 0.0018). Furthermore, a multivariable cox regression analysis, including several poor prognostic factors such as L858R mutation and liver metastasis, demonstrated that femoral bone metastasis was a statistically independent predictor of OS.
Conclusion:
Femoral bone metastasis is notably associate with poor survival of EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who were treated with osimertinib, and is an independent prognostic factor of OS.
The Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)-Related Advanced Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in the United States Population Utilizing AGILE 3+ and AGILE 4+ Scores: Analysis of the NHANES 2017-2018 Cycle
Authors: Alkhouri Naim , Almomani Ashraf , Le Phuc , Payne Julia Y. , Asaad Imad , Polanco Prido , Leff Phillip , Kumar Prabhat , Noureddin Mazen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies attempted to estimate NASH-related advanced fibrosis (AF) and cirrhosis (NC) prevalence utilized tests with low positive predictive value (PPV) which overestimates prevalence. AGILE3+ and 4+ scores were developed to increase the PPV of both; respectively. In this study, w used these scores to assess the prevalence of AF and NC.
Methods
Participants aged ≥18 years with VCTE exam in the NHANES 2017-2018 cycle were included. We excluded pregnant women, patients with excessive alcohol intake, hepatitis B/C, and ALT or AST >500 IU/L. NAFLD was defined with CAP score >248 dB/m. NAFLD subjects with AGILE 3+ score of ≥0.68 and AGILE4+ score of ≥0.57 were considered to have advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis; respectively. AGILE3+ of 0.45-0.67 and AGILE4+ of 0.25-0.57 were grey zone, whereas AGILE 3+ <0.45 and AGILE4+ <0.25 were considered a rule-out.
Results
1244 subjects were included in the final analysis. The Median age was 53 (51.4-54.6) years, 55.6% were male, median BMI was 33.8 kg/m2 and 41.1% had T2DM. Based on AGILE3+, 80.3% of the NAFLD population were at low risk for AF and 11.5% were in grey zone. The prevalence of AF due to NAFLD was 8.1% corresponding to 4.5M Americans. Based on AGILE4+ score, 96.5% of the NAFLD population were at low risk for cirrhosis and 2.4% were in the grey zone. The prevalence of NASH-cirrhosis was 1.1% corresponding to 610,000 Americans.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that approximately 4.5 million people in the U.S. have AF and 0.6 million have cirrhosis due to NASH.
Insights into Breast Cancer Prognosis: A Differential Regulatory Network Approach to Identify Key Transcription Factor Biomarkers
Authors: Akhoundi Fereshte , Akhoundi Fatemeh , Ranjbarfard Mina , Emadi-Baygi Modjtaba 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common and aggressive type of cancer in females, and exploring the mechanisms of disease progression is playing a crucial role in the development of potential therapeutics. Recently, systems biology approaches such as network strategies have been successfully applied to reveal the interaction mechanisms between genes. The main objective of the current study was to investigate potential biomarkers for BC patients at different stages by constructing differential regulatory networks (DRNs). Method. In the present study, clinical information and RNA-seq data from patients with BC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). According to the clinical staging information, the gene expression data of TCGA-BRCA was divided into different stages (stages I–IV) and analyzed separately. The differentially co-expressed genes and links (DCGL) package in R was used to identify differentially co-expressed genes (DCGs) and differentially co-expressed links (DCLs) in different stages (I–IV) of BC patients compared to normal samples. A q < 0.25 was considered the cut-off criterion. Besides, differentially-regulated genes (DRGs) and differentially-regulated links (DRLs) were identified by DCGs, DCLs, and TF-to-target knowledge. Stage-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs) were further analyzed with Cytoscape to explore the core TFs. Afterward, Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis was utilized to explore the prognostic value of the core TFs. Cancer-related pathway analysis of candidate hub TF was done through the GSCALite database. Finally, the relationship between candidate transcription factors expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was analyzed using TCGA-BRCA data and the TIMER database. Results. From DRNs of stages I–IV, 29 unique core TFs were screened. Survival analysis indicated that the expression ofKLF12,FOS, BACH2 EPAS1,PPARA, andMRPL36had significant effects on the survival of breast cancer patients (P < 0.05). Hub genes were responsible for the infiltration levels of immunocytes. Based on the GSCALite database, these six TFs are significantly related to multiple signaling pathways, including RAS/MAPK, EMT, PI3K/AKT, and TSC/mTOR. These pathways play vital roles in oncogenesis, suggesting that these candidate hub TFs may participate in BC progression. Conclusion. Our findings suggest these six TFs might play important roles in the pathogenesis of BC and could be used as therapeutic targets for BC. However, further studies at the molecular level are required to confirm these observations.
Predictors of Problematic Smartphone Use Among Young Adult Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Four-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Huang Mei-Feng , Chang Yu-Ping , Chou Wen-Jiun , Yen Cheng-Fang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background This 4-year follow-up study was conducted to evaluate the predictive effects of prepandemic individual and environmental factors on problematic smartphone use (PSU) among young adult lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Data on prepandemic PSU, demographics, sexual stigma (e.g., perceived sexual stigma from family members, internalized sexual stigma, and sexual microaggression), self-identity confusion (e.g., disturbed identity, unconsolidated identity, and lack of identity), anxiety, depression, and family support were collected from 1,000 LGB individuals between August 2018 and June 2019. The participants’ PSU was surveyed again after 4 years. The associations of prepandemic individual and environmental factors with PSU at follow-up were analyzed through linear regression. Results In total, 673 (67.3%) participants completed the follow-up assessment. The severity of PSU significantly decreased after 4 years (p = .001). Before the incorporation of PSU at baseline into the analysis model, the results of the model revealed that high levels depressive symptoms (p < .001), disturbed identity (p < .001), and perceived sexual stigma from family members (p = .025) at baseline were significantly associated with PSU at follow-up. After the incorporation of PSU at baseline into the analysis model, the results of the model revealed that high levels PSU (p < .001) and depressive symptoms (p = .002) at baseline were significantly associated with PSU at follow-up. Conclusion Interventions aimed at reducing the severity of PSU among LGB individuals should be designed considering the predictors identified in our study.
Dielectric Monitoring for understanding Herbicide Bioremediation in Microcosm experiment
Authors: Balwant Pandurang Laxmikant , Bramhanwade Kavita , Mitkari Mayur , Dhyani Shalini , HIPPARGI GIRIVYANKATESH , Pujari Paras R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Geophysical tools have emerged as a potential solution to monitor bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. Monitoring of herbicide bioremediation so far is lacking. In the present study, we formulated a geophysical approach for monitoring herbicides bioremediation in agriculture soil. Complex dielectric permittivity and conductivity was used to monitored in four microcosm setups i.e., control, herbicide contaminated soil, bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Real and imaginary dielectric permittivity showed different patterns of temporal changes for four microcosms. In the bioagumentated microcosm, the degradation was more prominent and real dielectric permittivity increased twice and achieved peak. Achieved two peaks signify two distinct phenomenon of herbicide degradation and can be further explained through conductivity spectrum and microbial count approach. The major interesting phenomenon observed during the study was shift in peak frequency of imaginary conductivity due to increased biomass during herbicide degradation process. Complex Dielectric permittivity indicated the ability to monitor bioremediation herbicide contaminated soil when it was coupled with complex conductivity method. We expect the insights of the study will be relevant to promote multidisciplinary approach of using geophysical tools for monitoring microbial signatures. The results provide insights how this non-invasive geophysical toll can revolutionize the process of understanding the decontamination process.
Use of transdermal alcohol sensors in conjunction with contingency management to reduce alcohol consumption in people with alcohol dependence attending alcohol treatment services: Feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brobbin Eileen , Deluca Paolo , Parkin Stephen , Drummond Colin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Wearable technology for objective, continuous and reliable alcohol monitoring has been developed. These devices are known as transdermal alcohol sensors (TAS). They can be worn on the wrist or ankle with the sensor pressed against the skin and can measure sweat vapours being emitted from the skin, to record transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC). Previous studies have investigated the accuracy and acceptability of the available TAS brands but there has been little research into their use in people with alcohol use disorders (AUD). This pilot RCT aims to explore the feasibility, strengths, and limitations of using a TAS to monitor alcohol consumption in individuals in treatment for AUD with or without contingency management (CM) to promote abstinence or low-level alcohol consumption.
Method
Both groups (control and CM) will wear the TAS (BACtrack Skyn) for two weeks in the context of their usual treatment, meeting with the researcher every other weekday. In the last meeting the participants will complete a post-wear survey on their experience of wearing the TAS. The CM group will also receive small financial incentives for low or no alcohol consumption, as measured by the TAC. On days where the TAC peak is below a set threshold, CM group participants will earn £5. There are financial bonuses if this target is achieved on consecutive days. The researcher will monitor TAC for each day of the study at each research visit and allocate financial incentives to participants according to a set reinforcement schedule.
Discussion
Most TAS brands have had limited application in clinical settings and most studies have included healthy adults rather than people with AUD. TAS has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes in clinical alcohol treatment. The accuracy, acceptability, and feasibility of TAS in people with AUD in clinical settings needs to be investigated. This is the first study to use TAS in specialised alcohol services with diagnosed AUD individuals currently receiving treatment from a south London alcohol service.
Trial registration:
ISRCTN registration number. Retrospectively registered.
Date of registration: 24.07.23
Pathways to a Sustainable Food Future in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Searchinger Timothy , Dumas Patrice , Ray Deepak , Wirsenius Stefan , Herrero Mario , Peng Liqing , Vishwakarma Srishti 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
High food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and expected adverse effects of climate change have appropriately focused attention on climate adaptation, but there has been less focus on mitigating SSA’s agricultural emissions. Emissions from the region’s agricultural production processes and recent rates of agricultural expansion are 2–3 tCO2e per capita per year and regionally more than 2 GtCO2e per year. Crop yield growth in recent years has been limited with some exceptions. With projected population of 2.15 billion in 2050 and extrapolating these recent yield trends, we estimate using the GlobAgri framework that agricultural production emissions for SSA will rise from 0.7 GtCO2e in 2010 to 1.3 GtCO2e by 2050. Conversion of 310 million hectares (Mha) of forests and savannas to cropland and 158 Mha to pasture will generate average annual emissions of 3.8 GtCO2e for 2010–2050. The combined ~ 5 GtCO2e per year would seriously undermine global climate goals. But mitigation options valuable to improve food insecurity could also greatly reduce emissions, including partially closing yield gaps, broad use of urea treatment of crop residues, and increasing per capita consumption of animal products from dairy and poultry rather than beef. These findings suggest that agricultural improvements in SSA needed to address food insecurity should also be a priority for climate mitigation.