bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifelong exposure to high‐altitude hypoxia in humans is associated with improved redox homeostasis and structural–functional adaptations of the neurovascular unit
Authors: Stacey Benjamin S. , Hoiland Ryan L. , Caldwell Hannah G. , Howe Connor A. , Vermeulen Tyler , Tymko Michael M. , Vizcardo‐Galindo Gustavo A. , Bermudez Daniella , Figueroa‐Mujíica Rómulo J. , Gasho Christopher , Tuaillon Edouard , Hirtz Christophe , Lehmann Sylvain , Marchi Nicola , Tsukamoto Hayato , Villafuerte Francisco C. , Ainslie Philip N. , Bailey Damian M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh‐altitude (HA) hypoxia may alter the structural–functional integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Herein, we compared male lowlanders (n = 9) at sea level (SL) and after 14 days acclimatization to 4300 m (chronic HA) in Cerro de Pasco (CdP), Péru (HA), against sex‐, age‐ and body mass index‐matched healthy highlanders (n = 9) native to CdP (lifelong HA). Venous blood was assayed for serum proteins reflecting NVU integrity, in addition to free radicals and nitric oxide (NO). Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in conjunction with cerebral substrate delivery, dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVRCO2) and neurovascular coupling (NVC). Psychomotor tests were employed to examine cognitive function. Compared to lowlanders at SL, highlanders exhibited elevated basal plasma and red blood cell NO bioavailability, improved anterior and posterior dCA, elevated anterior CVRCO2 and preserved cerebral substrate delivery, NVC and cognition. In highlanders, S100B, neurofilament light‐chain (NF‐L) and T‐tau were consistently lower and cognition comparable to lowlanders following chronic‐HA. These findings highlight novel integrated adaptations towards regulation of the NVU in highlanders that may represent a neuroprotective phenotype underpinning successful adaptation to the lifelong stress of HA hypoxia.
imageKey points
High‐altitude (HA) hypoxia has the potential to alter the structural–functional integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in humans.
For the first time, we examined to what extent chronic and lifelong hypoxia impacts multimodal biomarkers reflecting NVU structure and function in lowlanders and native Andean highlanders.
Despite lowlanders presenting with a reduction in systemic oxidative–nitrosative stress and maintained cerebral bioenergetics and cerebrovascular function during chronic hypoxia, there was evidence for increased axonal injury and cognitive impairment.
Compared to lowlanders at sea level, highlanders exhibited elevated vascular NO bioavailability, improved dynamic regulatory capacity and cerebrovascular reactivity, comparable cerebral substrate delivery and neurovascular coupling, and maintained cognition. Unlike lowlanders following chronic HA, highlanders presented with lower concentrations of S100B, neurofilament light chain and total tau.
These findings highlight novel integrated adaptations towards the regulation of the NVU in highlanders that may represent a neuroprotective phenotype underpinning successful adaptation to the lifelong stress of HA hypoxia.
Determination of the Superconducting Order Parameter of BaFe1.92Ni0.08As2 Weakly Underdoped Pnictides by Two Complementary Techniques
Authors: Sadakov A. V. , Muratov A. V. , Kuzmichev S. A. , Sobolevskiy O. A. , Massalimov B. I. , Prishchepa A. R. , Mikhailov V. M. , Pervakov K. S. , Vlasenko V. A. , Kuzmicheva T. E. 
Published: January 2023

The structure of the superconducting order parameter of weakly underdoped BaFe1.92Ni0.08As2 pnictides with the critical temperature Tc ≈ 18.2 K has been determined. Two microscopic superconducting order parameters—the small superconducting gap ΔS(0) and, supposedly, the edges of the large gap with anisotropy in the ab plane $$\Delta _{{\text{L}}}^{{{\text{out}}}}(0)$$ and $$\Delta _{{\text{L}}}^{{{\text{in}}}}(0)$$—have been determined at T ≪ Tc, together with their temperature dependences, using incoherent multiple Andreev reflection spectroscopy. It has been shown that the determined temperature dependence of the lower critical field Hc1(T) can be described in the two-band approximation both within the so-called alpha model (using experimental ΔS(0), $$\Delta _{{\text{L}}}^{{{\text{out}}}}(0)$$, and $$\Delta _{{\text{L}}}^{{{\text{in}}}}(0)$$ values) and using the temperature dependences ΔS(T) and $$\Delta _{{\text{L}}}^{{{\text{out}}{\text{,in}}}}(T)$$ obtained by multiple Andreev reflection spectroscopy under the assumption of a fairly strong anisotropy of the small superconducting gap, where the experimental ΔS(0) value is taken as the outer edge of its angular distribution.
Exploring the wider societal impacts of sexual health issues and interventions to build a framework for research and policy: a qualitative study based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts in OECD member countries
Authors: Schnitzler Lena , Paulus Aggie T G , Roberts Tracy E , Evers Silvia M A A , Jackson Louise J 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesSexual health is a complex public health challenge and can generate wide-ranging health, social and economic impacts both within and beyond the health sector (ie, intersectoral costs and benefits). Methods are needed to capture these intersectoral impacts in economic studies to optimally inform policy/decision-making. The objectives of this study were (1) to explore the different intersectoral costs and benefits associated with sexual health issues and interventions, (2) to categorise these into sectors and (3) to develop a preliminary framework to better understand these impacts and to guide future research and policy.DesignA qualitative study based on in-depth semi-structured online interviews.SettingOECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) member countries.ParticipantsProfessionals with expertise in the field of sexual health including clinicians, medical practitioners, sexologists, researchers, professionals working for international governmental or non-governmental health (policy) organisations and professionals involved in implementation and/or evaluation of sexual health interventions/programmes.MethodsSampling of participants was undertaken purposively. We conducted in-depth semi-structured online interviews to allow for a systemic coverage of key topics and for new ideas to emerge. We applied a Framework approach for thematic data analysis.Results28 experts were interviewed. Six themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Interconnections to other areas of health (ie, reproductive health, mental health), (2) Relationships and family, (3) Productivity and labour, (4) Education, (5) Criminal justice/sexual violence, (6) Housing, addiction and other sectors. The findings confirm that sexual health is complex and can generate wide-ranging impacts on other areas of health and other non-health sectors of society.ConclusionThese different sectors need to be considered when evaluating interventions and making policy decisions. The preliminary framework can help guide future research and policy/decision-making. Future research could explore additional sectors not covered in this study and expand the preliminary framework.
Development of a job-exposure matrix (JEM) for exposure to smoke particle mass among firefighters of the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY)
Authors: Goldfarb David G , Prezant David J , Zeig-Owens Rachel , Schwartz Theresa , Liu Yang , Kavouras Ilias G 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesA refined job exposure matrix (JEM) based on incident types and severities and response characteristics was developed for firefighters to estimate quantities of smoke particles emitted during structural and non-structural fire incidents from 2010 to 2021.MethodsThe cohort included a subset of 3237 Fire Department of the City of New York firefighters who responded to at least one incident between 2010 and 2021, prior to retirement. Fire incident data included dates, type, severity (alarm level) and location. Response data included dates worked, firehouse, position titles and shift lengths for each firefighter. The quantity of smoke particle mass generated during structural and non-structural fires adjusted by individual firefighter engagement was computed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency AP-42 emissions framework. Correlations between years of employment, fire responses and career total particle mass concentration by firefighter were examined. Linear regression models were fit and corresponding R2values were calculated.ResultsFirefighters responded to a median of 424.7 (IQR=202.3–620.0) annual incidents/person; 17.6% were fire incidents (median=77.1; IQR=40.4–114.0). Structural fires were the most common type of fire incident (72.5% of annual incidents/person; median=55.9; IQR=29.6–85.5). Incident severity (alarm level) and firefighter engagement (position title) appeared to differentiate between high and low exposure regimes (R2=0.43). Incident severity explained most of the variability of particle exposures (R2=0.90).ConclusionsUsing the JEM, job-related smoke particle concentrations were estimated to vary by incident type, incident severity and firefighter engagement, highlighting the importance of using refined measures, so that future studies can more accurately evaluate associations between firefighting and health outcomes.
Dupuytren’s disease is a work-related disorder: results of a population-based cohort study
Authors: van den Berge Bente A. , Wiberg Akira , Werker Paul M. N. , Broekstra Dieuwke C. , Furniss Dominic 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesDupuytren’s disease (DD) is a fibroproliferative disorder of the hands, characterised by the development of fibrous nodules and cords that may cause disabling contractures of the fingers. The role of manual work exposure in the aetiology of DD is controversial. We investigated whether current occupational exposure to manual work is associated with DD, and if there is a dose–response relationship.MethodsIn this population-based cohort analysis, we used data from the UK Biobank cohort. Our primary outcome was the presence of DD. The exposure of interest was manual work, measured for each participant in two different ways to allow two independent analyses to be undertaken: (1) the current manual work status of the occupation at the time of recruitment, and (2) a cumulative manual work exposure score, calculated based on the occupational history. We performed propensity score matching and applied a logistic regression model.ResultsWe included 196 265 participants for the current manual work analysis, and 96 563 participants for the dose–response analysis. Participants whose current occupation usually/always involved manual work were more often affected with DD than participants whose occupation sometimes/never involved manual work (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.49, p<0.001). There was a positive dose–response relationship between cumulative manual work exposure score and DD. Each increment in cumulative work exposure score increased the odds by 17% (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.27, p<0.001).ConclusionsManual work exposure is a risk factor for DD, with a clear dose–response relationship. Physicians treating patients should recognise DD as a work-related disorder and inform patients accordingly.
Akt substrate of 160 kDa is essential for the calorie restriction-induced increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle of female rats
Authors: Zheng Amy , Wang Haiyan , Arias Edward B. , Dong Gengfu , Zhao Jiahui , Cartee Gregory D. 
Published: January 2023

We evaluated effects of calorie restriction (CR; consuming 65% of ad libitum (AL) intake) for 8 weeks on female wildtype (WT) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa knockout (AS160-KO) rats. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) was determined in isolated epitrochlearis muscles incubated with 0, 50, 100, or 500 µU/mL insulin. Phosphorylation of key insulin signaling proteins that control ISGU (Akt and AS160) was assessed by immunoblotting (Akt phosphorylation on Threonine-308, pAktThr308 and Serine-473, pAktSer473; AS160 phosphorylation on Serine-588, pAS160Ser588, and Threonine-642, pAS160Thr642). Abundance of proteins that regulate ISGU (GLUT4 glucose transporter protein and hexokinase II) was also determined by immunoblotting. The major results were as follows: ( i) WT-CR versus WT-AL rats had greater ISGU with 100 and 500 µU/mL insulin; ( ii) CR versus WT-AL rats had greater GLUT4 protein abundance; ( iii) WT-CR versus WT-AL rats had greater pAktThr308 with 500 µU/mL insulin; ( iv) WT-CR versus WT-AL rats did not differ for pAktSer473, pAS160Ser588, or pAS160Thr642 at any insulin concentration; ( v) AS160-KO versus WT rats with each diet had lower ISGU at each insulin concentration, but not lower pAkt on either phosphosite; ( vi) AS160-KO versus WT rats had lower muscle GLUT4 abundance regardless of diet; and ( vii) AS160-KO-CR versus AS160-KO-AL rats did not differ for ISGU, GLUT4 abundance, pAkt on either phosphosite, or pAS160 on either phosphosite. These novel results demonstrated that AS160 expression, but not greater pAS160 on key phosphosites, was essential for the CR-induced increases in muscle ISGU and GLUT4 abundance of female rats.
A hydrodynamical description of gravitational waves
Authors: Mei Jianwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is easy to reason that gravity might be the effect of a fluid in disguise, as it will naturally arise in emergent gravity models where gravity is due to the effect of some fundamental particles, with the latter expected to behave collectively like a fluid at the macroscopic scale. We call this the fluid/gravity equivalence. The key difficulty with the fluid/gravity equivalence is to find the correct metric–fluid relation (the relation between the emergent metric and the fluid properties) so that the fluid not only has physically acceptable properties but also obeys the usual hydrodynamic equations, while at the same time the emergent metric also obeys the Einstein equations. Faced with the problem, we have previously made a tentative proposal of the metric–fluid relation, focusing only on obtaining physically acceptable predictions on the fluid properties. In this paper, however, we find that for the general gravitational wave spacetime near the null infinity, the underlying fluid not only has physically acceptable properties, but also satisfies the expected relativistic hydrodynamic equations in the Minkowski background, thus providing a concrete example satisfying both of the major requirements expected for the fluid/gravity equivalence.
Geoheritage of Cajón del Maipo aspiring geopark: inventory, assessment, and opportunities for local development in the Andes of central Chile
Authors: Vergara-Daskam Camilo , Estay-Daskam Cristóbal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Cajón del Maipo is a mountainous territory located in the Andes Cordillera of central Chile (
c.
5000 km
2
), 48 km away from Santiago, and is a highly visited tourist destination. It reaches a maximum altitude of 6570 m, and its geology is controlled by the subduction regime between the Nazca and the South American plates. In its rocks, the Andean Tectonic Cycle is recorded, and its geodiversity includes active stratovolcanoes, thermal springs, tectonic structures, glacial and fluvial morphologies, landslides, marine fossils and abandoned mines. The area hosts an important and strained water system, with more than 800 glaciers that supply the city of Santiago with drinking water. This work shows the inventory of geoheritage of Cajon del Maipo, which includes 40 geosites. They were selected and assessed using a quantitative approach in the three main types of use (scientific, educational and touristic), and in their degradation risk. The results are displayed with an innovative synthetic map. Combining statistical quantitative and qualitative analysis, management priorities and opportunities for local development were identified. This inventory must be the framework for developing a geoconservation strategy, and the basis for the application of Cajon del Maipo as a UNESCO Global Geopark.
Unmet Needs for Help With Mobility Limitations Among Older Adults Aging in Place: The Role of Rurality
Authors: Henning-Smith Carrie , Lahr Megan , Mulcahy John , MacDougall Hannah 
Published: January 2023

Objectives This study identifies differences in unmet mobility needs among older adults living in rural versus urban areas. Methods We used data from Round 9 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), limiting our analyses to respondents who had not moved since baseline (average housing tenure of 27 years; n = 3343). We conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to detect rural/urban differences in unmet mobility needs, adjusting for socio-demographics, health status, and housing characteristics. Results Rural residence was associated with higher odds of any unmet mobility needs for older adults aging in place (adjusted odds ratio: 1.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.44, p < .05). The relationship between rurality and unmet needs for help with mobility limitations remained significant in fully adjusted models. Discussion Rural older adults aging in place have greater unmet needs for help with mobility limitations. This study highlights several important gaps in supporting rural older adults aging in place.
Adaptation Process of Korean Elderly Women to Foreign Daughters-in-Law in Multicultural Rural Families: A Grounded Theory Method
Authors: Cho Youngmi , Kim Sun Hui , Sok Sohyune 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: In South Korea, the number of multicultural families is steadily increasing. The purpose of the study was to examine and identify the process of adaptation of elderly women to foreign daughters-in-law in multicultural families in rural settings. Method: This is a qualitative study and applies a grounded theory method. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews between February and April 2019, involving 15 elderly women with foreign daughters-in-law, and analyzed employing Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory. Results: The results are demonstrated through the “Chaotic,” “Resistive,” “Exploratory,” “Transitional,” and “Receptive” periods, based on the flow of time. Discussion: The findings contribute to the practice and intervention of multicultural nursing by examining the adaptation process and providing future direction on the adaptation of elderly women who are part of multicultural families.
Multimorbidity and Complexity Among Patients with Cancer in Ontario: A Retrospective Cohort Study Exploring the Clustering of 17 Chronic Conditions with Cancer
Authors: Koné Anna Péfoyo , Scharf Deborah , Tan Amy 
Published: January 2023

Background Multimorbidity is a concern for people living with cancer, as over 90% have at least one other condition. Multimorbidity complicates care coming from multiple providers who work within separate, siloed systems. Information describing high-risk and high-cost disease combinations has potential to improve the experience, outcome, and overall cost of care by informing comprehensive care management frameworks. This study aimed to identify disease combinations among people with cancer and other conditions, and to assess the health burden associated with those combinations to help healthcare providers more effectively prioritize and coordinate care. Methods We used a population-based retrospective cohort design including adults with a cancer diagnosis between March-2003 and April-2013, followed-up until March 2018. We used observed disease combinations defined by level of multimorbidity and partitive (k-means) clusters, ie groupings of similar diseases based on the prevalence of each condition. We assessed disease combination-associated health burden through health service utilization, including emergency department visits, primary care visits and hospital admissions during the follow-up period. Results 549,248 adults were included in the study. Anxiety, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and osteoarthritis co-occurred with cancer 1.1 to 5.3 times more often than expected by chance. Disease combinations varied by cancer type and age but were similar between sexes. The largest partitive cluster included cancer and anxiety, with at least 25% of individuals also having osteoarthritis. Cancer also tended to co-occur with hypertension (8.0%) or osteoarthritis (6.2%). There were differences between clusters in healthcare utilization, regardless of the number of disease combinations or clustering approach used. Conclusion Researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and other stakeholders can use the clustering information presented here to improve the healthcare system for people with cancer multimorbidity by developing cluster-specific care management and clinical guidelines for common disease combinations.
Native Whole Blood (TRUE-NATEM) and Recalcified Citrated Blood (NATEM) Reference Value Validation with ROTEM Delta
Authors: Yoon Uzung 
Published: January 2023

Background: Thromboelastography is a viscoelastic test of whole blood hemostasis. Currently, no reference value exists for native whole blood and recalcified citrated blood without activators. The aim of this study was to compare the results of ROTEM® tests using fresh native blood without decalcification “TRUE-NATEM” with those using decalcified citrated blood “NATEM” and provide reference values for each. Methods: Inclusion criteria were healthy adult volunteers (18–65 years). Exclusion criteria were any medical condition or medication affecting coagulation. Native whole blood testing was defined as “TRUE-NATEM-test.” For recalcified citrated blood testing, the NATEM function was used on ROTEM®. Result: The reference value for TRUE-NATEM was CT: 872-1595s, A10: 14-34 mm, A20: 26-48 mm, CFT: 314-839s, MCF: 34-55 mm, and alpha angle: 17-40°. The reference value for NATEM was CT: 757-1327s, A10: 19-43 mm, A20: 33-55 mm, CFT: 219-615s, MCF: 37-61 mm, alpha angle: 24-51°, and ML: 0-3%. When comparing the reference value of NATEM to TRUE-NATEM, the CT and CFT values are decreased and the MCF and alpha angle are increased. The recalcification process of citrated blood in NATEM shows significant activation of coagulation. Female healthy volunteers had enhanced coagulation when activators were used. Age-related statistical difference was seen when activators were used. Ethnicity did not show any difference on the ROTEM values. Conclusion: We determined the reference value for native whole blood and recalcified whole blood using ROTEM®. A significant discrepancy in native whole blood and recalcified citrated blood coagulation was found. Our study underlines the importance of native whole blood as the gold standard reference value in coagulation.