bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Videofluoroscopic swallow study abnormalities identify aerodigestive disorders in dogs with respiratory disease versus healthy controls
Authors: Howard Jennifer , Grobman Megan , Lever Teresa , Reinero Carol R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAerodigestive diseases (AeroD) pathologically link respiratory and alimentary tracts. Dogs with respiratory signs lacking dysphagia, vomiting, or regurgitation typically do not undergo diagnostic testing that identifies comorbid alimentary disease. A videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) identifies defects in swallowing, reflux, and aspiration.Objectives/HypothesisWe hypothesized that dogs with respiratory and no alimentary disease (RESP) would have significantly more abnormal VFSS metrics versus controls (CON). We hypothesized RESP dogs with pulmonary parenchymal disease would have more reflux and higher penetration‐aspiration score (PAS) than those with airway disease.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs: RESP (n = 45) and CON (n = 15) groups.MethodsProspectively, all dogs underwent VFSS. The RESP dogs had advanced respiratory diagnostic testing. Eight subjective and 3 objective VFSS metrics (pharyngeal constriction ratio [PCR], PAS, and esophageal transit time [ETT]) were assessed. Fisher's exact test compared differences between groups (presence or absence of VFSS abnormalities). The Mann‐Whitney rank sum test was used to compare PCR and PAS.ResultsSubjective VFSS abnormalities were present in 34/45 (75%) RESP and 2/15 (13%) CON dogs, with RESP dogs significantly more likely to have VFSS abnormalities (P = .01). No difference in PCR was found between groups. Pathologic PAS was more common in RESP than CON dogs (P = .03). The RESP dogs with airway disease had higher PAS than CON dogs (P = .01) but not RESP dogs with parenchymal disease (P = .25).ConclusionsMost (75%) RESP dogs had VFSS abnormalities, emphasizing that AeroD are common. The VFSS has value in diagnostic evaluation of respiratory disease.
Lianas increase lightning‐caused disturbance severity in a tropical forest
Authors: Gora Evan M. , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Bitzer Phillip M. , Burchfield Jeffrey C. , Gutierrez Cesar , Yanoviak Stephen P. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryLightning is an important agent of plant mortality and disturbance in forests. Lightning‐caused disturbance is highly variable in terms of its area of effect and disturbance severity (i.e. tree damage and death), but we do not know how this variation is influenced by forest structure and plant composition.We used a novel lightning detection system to quantify how lianas influenced the severity and spatial extent (i.e. area) of lightning disturbance using 78 lightning strikes in central Panama.The local density of lianas (measured as liana basal area) was positively associated with the number of trees killed and damaged by lightning, and patterns of plant damage indicated that this occurred because lianas facilitated more electrical connections from large to small trees. Liana presence, however, did not increase the area of the disturbance. Thus, lianas increased the severity of lightning disturbance by facilitating damage to additional trees without influencing the footprint of the disturbance.These findings indicate that lianas spread electricity to damage and kill understory trees that otherwise would survive a strike. As liana abundance increases in tropical forests, their negative effects on tree survival with respect to the severity of lightning‐related tree damage and death are likely to increase.
Staff views about involving service users in team formulation
Authors: Miners Alissa , Pratt Daniel , Shirley Louisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore staff views about whether and how service users should be involved in the process of team formulation.DesignThis study used Q methodology to explore health care professionals' views about service user involvement in team formulation meetings.MethodsForty staff members with experience of attending team formulation meetings completed a Q Sort in which they ranked how much they agreed or disagreed with 58 statements about service user inclusion in team formulation. Factor analysis was used to identify viewpoints within the data set.ResultsA three‐factor solution accounting for 60% of the variance was considered the best fit for the data. The factors were: ‘A safe space for staff’, ‘Concerns about inclusion and collaboration’ and ‘Service users might find attendance harmful’. Consensus statements identified areas where all participants agreed.ConclusionsThis is an important area for exploration, given the growing practice of team formulation and the professional and ethical issues raised by service user involvement. There are a range of ways to promote inclusion within the practice, and staff should always consider the individual needs of service users.
Opportunistic legislation under a natural emergency: Grabbing government power in a democracy during COVID‐19
Authors: Sommer Udi , Parent Jonathan , Li Quan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith increasingly frequent emergencies related to pandemics, climate change, or any other as yet unforeseen disaster, it is imperative to develop our understanding of how opportunistic legislation and policy grabs may appear even in democracies. Circumventing a lengthy process of public debate and government regulation, declaration of emergency may be conducive to such opportunism. Underlying mechanisms may involve national interest groups, whereby early in the pandemic a group quickly develops a messaging strategy focused on broad public health concerns. This strategy is then implemented by state affiliates lobbying local officials and mobilizing their supporters to push executive branch officials to effectuate restrictions. We examine state‐level abortion restrictions during the outbreak of COVID‐19. Our Qualitative Comparative Analyses indicate that at least in the political context of reproductive rights and under the emergency of COVID‐19, it was level of emergency, levels of religiosity in the state and Republican dominance in government that strongly predicted the likelihood of opportunistic legislation.
Brassinosteroid transcription factor BES1 modulates nitrate deficiency by promoting NRT2.1 and NRT2.2 transcription in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Tian , Li Mengjiao , Yang Jize , Li Min , Zhang Zhenqian , Gao Huiling , Wang Cun , Tian Hui 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYNitrogen (N) is one of the most essential mineral elements for plants. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play key roles in plant growth and development. Emerging evidence indicates that BRs participate in the responses to nitrate deficiency. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the BR signaling pathway in regulating nitrate deficiency remains largely unknown. The transcription factor BES1 regulates the expression of many genes in response to BRs. Root length, nitrate uptake and N concentration of bes1‐D mutants were higher than those of wild‐type under nitrate deficiency. BES1 levels strongly increased under low nitrate conditions, especially in the non‐phosphorylated (active) form. Furthermore, BES1 directly bound to the promoters of NRT2.1 and NRT2.2 to promote their expression under nitrate deficiency. Taken together, BES1 is a key mediator that links BR signaling under nitrate deficiency by modulating high affinity nitrate transporters in plants.
Sex differences, chronobiology and general anaesthesia in activities of the autonomic nervous system in rats
Authors: Svorc Pavol , Svorc Pavol , Gresova Sona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) is commonly used in experimental studies to assess sympathetic and parasympathetic activities. The belief that HRV in rodents reflects similar cardiovascular regulations in humans is supported by evidence, and HRV in rats appears to be at least analogous to that in humans, although the degree of influence of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) may be greater in rats than in humans. Experimental studies are based on control or baseline values, on the basis of which the change in ANS activity after a given experimental intervention is assessed, but it is known that the ANS in rats is very sensitive to various stress interventions, such as the manipulation itself, and ANS activity can also differ depending on sex, the time of measurement, and whether the animals are under general anaesthesia. Thus, for correct assessment, changes in ANS activity and their relationship to the observed parameter should be based on whether ANS activity does or does not change but also to what extent the activity is already changed at the start of the experiment. Since rats are considered to be the most suitable model animal for basic cardiovascular research, in this review we point out existing differences in individual HRV frequency parameters at the start of experiments (control, baseline values), taking into account sex in relation to time of measurement and anaesthesia.
Data-driven approach to understanding neonatal palliative care needs in England and Wales: a population-based study 2015–2020
Authors: Harnden Fergus , Lanoue Julia , Modi Neena , Uthaya Sabita N , Battersby Cheryl 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo quantify admissions to neonatal units in England and Wales with potential need for palliative care.Design, setting and patientsDiagnoses and clinical attributes indicating a high likelihood of requiring palliative care were mapped to categories within the British Association of Perinatal Medicine’s (BAPM) framework on palliative care. We extracted data from the National Neonatal Research Database on all babies born and admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales 2015–2020.OutcomesThe number and proportion of babies meeting BAPM categories, their discharge outcomes and the characteristics of babies who died during neonatal care but did not fulfil any BAPM category.Results12 123/574 954 (2.1%) babies met one or more BAPM category: 6239/12 123 (51%) conformed to BAPM category 4 (postnatal conditions with high risk of severe impairment), 3796 (31%) to category 2 (antenatal/postnatal diagnosis with high risk of significant morbidity or death), 1399 (12%) to category 3 (born at margin of viability) and 288 (2%) to category 1 (antenatal/postnatal diagnosis not compatible with long-term survival); 401 babies (3%) met criteria for multiple categories. 6814/12 123 (56%) were discharged home, 2385 (20%) were discharged to other settings and 2914 (24%) died before neonatal discharge. 3000/5914 (51%) babies who died during neonatal care did not conform to any BAPM category. Of these, 2630/3000 (88%) were born preterm.ConclusionsAt least 2% of babies admitted to neonatal units had palliative care needs according to existing BAPM categories; most survived to discharge. Of deaths, 51% were not captured by the BAPM categories; most were extremely preterm.
Differences in birth weight between immigrants’ and natives’ children in Europe and Australia: a LifeCycle comparative observational cohort study
Authors: Florian Sandra , Ichou Mathieu , Panico Lidia , Pinel-Jacquemin Stéphanie , Vrijkotte Tanja G M , Harskamp-van Ginkel Margreet W , Huang Rae-Chi , Carson Jennie , Rodriguez Loreto Santa Marina , Subiza-Pérez Mikel , Vrijheid Martine , Fernández-Barrés Sílvia , Yang Tiffany C , Wright John , Corpeleijn Eva , Cardol Marloes , Isaevska Elena , Moccia Chiara , Kooijman Marjolein N , Voerman Ellis , Jaddoe Vincent , Welten Marieke , Spada Elena , Rebagliato Marisa , Beneito Andrea , Ronfani Luca , Charles Marie-Aline 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveResearch on adults has identified an immigrant health advantage, known as the ‘immigrant health paradox’, by which migrants exhibit better health outcomes than natives. Is this health advantage transferred from parents to children in the form of higher birth weight relative to children of natives?SettingWestern Europe and Australia.ParticipantsWe use data from nine birth cohorts participating in the LifeCycle Project, including five studies with large samples of immigrants’ children: Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance—France (N=12 494), the Raine Study—Australia (N=2283), Born in Bradford—UK (N=4132), Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study—Netherlands (N=4030) and the Generation R study—Netherlands (N=4877). We include male and female babies born to immigrant and native parents.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome is birth weight measured in grams. Different specifications were tested: birth weight as a continuous variable including all births (DV1), the same variable but excluding babies born with over 4500 g (DV2), low birth weight as a 0–1 binary variable (1=birth weight below 2500 g) (DV3). Results using these three measures were similar, only results using DV1 are presented. Parental migration status is measured in four categories: both parents natives, both born abroad, only mother born abroad and only father born abroad.ResultsTwo patterns in children’s birth weight by parental migration status emerged: higher birth weight among children of immigrants in France (+12 g, p<0.10) and Australia (+40 g, p<0.10) and lower birth weight among children of immigrants in the UK (−82 g, p<0.05) and the Netherlands (−80 g and −73 g, p<0.001) compared with natives’ children. Smoking during pregnancy emerged as a mechanism explaining some of the birth weight gaps between children of immigrants and natives.ConclusionThe immigrant health advantage is not universally transferred to children in the form of higher birth weight in all host countries. Further research should investigate whether this cross-national variation is due to differences in immigrant communities, social and healthcare contexts across host countries.
Prevalence and associated factors for prehypertension and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents: a cross-sectional community survey
Authors: Sudikno Sudikno , Mubasyiroh Rofingatul , Rachmalina Rika , Arfines Prisca Petty , Puspita Tities 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and determine the associated factors for developing prehypertension and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents.DesignNational cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted in all the provinces in Indonesia.ParticipantsThe population in this study were all household members in Basic Health Research 2013 aged 15–19 years. The sample was all members of the 2013 Riskesdas household aged 15–19 years with the criteria of not having physical and mental disabilities, and having complete data. The number of samples analysed was 2735, comprising men (n=1319) and women (n=1416).Main outcomeDependent variables were prehypertension and hypertension in adolescents based on blood pressure measurements.ResultsThe results of the analysis showed that the prevalence of prehypertension in adolescents was 16.8% and hypertension was 2.6%. In all adolescents, the risk factors for prehypertension were boys (adjusted OR, aOR 1.48; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.97), 18 years old (aOR 14.64; 95% CI 9.39 to 22.80), and 19 years old (aOR 19.89; 95% CI 12.41 to 31.88), and obese (aOR 2.16; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.58). Risk factors for hypertension in all adolescents included the age of 18 years old (aOR 3.06; 95% CI 1.28 to 7.34) and 19 years (aOR 3.25; 95% CI 1.25 to 8.41) and obesity (aOR 5.69; 95% CI 2.20 to 14.8). In adolescent girls, the chance of developing prehypertension increased with increasing age and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Several risk factors for hypertension in adolescent boys were age, central obesity and LDL cholesterol levels.ConclusionThis study shows that the trend of prehypertension in adolescents has appeared, besides hypertension. There are distinct patterns of factors that influence it in adolescent girls and boys, which can be useful to sharpen of planning and implementing health programmes.
Influencing factors of health resource allocation and utilisation before and after COVID-19 based on RIF-I-OLS decomposition method: a longitudinal retrospective study in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Wu Qiaohui , Wu Linjian , Liang Xueqing , Xu Jun , Wu Weixuan , Xue Yunlian 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo explore factors that influenced the health resource allocation and utilisation before and after COVID-19, and subsequently offer sensible recommendations for advancing the scientific distribution of health resources.DesignA longitudinal survey using 2017–2020 data, which were collected for analysis.SettingThe study was conducted based on data collected from the Health Commission of Guangdong Province’s website.Outcome measuresEight health resource indicators and four health resource utilisation indicators were included in the factor analysis. Four indices were calculated to measure the inequality in health resource allocation and utilisation. We analysed factors for the inequality indices using the recentred influence function index ordinary least squares decomposition method.ResultsThe health resource inequality indices peaked in 2020 (Gini coefficient (Gini): 0.578, Absolute Gini coefficient (AGini): 1.136, Concentration Index (CI): 0.417, Absolute CI (ACI): 0.821), whereas the health resource utilisation inequality indices declined year by year, thus reaching their lowest point in that same year. The majority of inequality indices in the annual change of health resource allocation were at their lowest in 2020 (Gini: −1.672, AGini: 0.046, CI: −0.189, ACI: 0.005), while the use of health resources declined dramatically, showing a negative growth trend. The inequality indices of health resource allocation and utilisation in 2020 were affected by a number of variables, including the COVID-19 level, (p<0.05), while the proportion of expenditure on public health was the most significant one.ConclusionsGuangdong Province’s health resource allocation and utilisation were still concentrated in economically developed regions from 2017 to 2020. The health resource allocation inequality indices increased, especially under COVID-19, but the health resource utilisation inequality indices decreased. Measures should be taken to adjust the health resource allocation scientifically, which will fulfil the changing needs and the use of resources more efficiently. One effective measure is reasonably increasing the proportion of expenditure on public health.
Validation of quality indicators for evaluating geriatric pharmacotherapy services in primary care: a mixed methods study
Authors: Sato Noriko , Fujita Kenji , Okada Hiroshi , Kushida Kazuki , Chen Timothy F 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo assess measurement properties of 121 face and content validated quality indicators (QIs) for medication safety in geriatric pharmacotherapy in primary care.DesignA mixed methods study: a 6-month observational study in primary care (July–December 2020) and in-depth semistructured online interviews with participants (February–March 2021).SettingSixty community pharmacies in Japan.ParticipantsPatients aged 75 years and older who were regularly taking six or more prescription medicines for ˃4 weeks were eligible. The observational study included 457 patients. The interviews were undertaken with 26 community pharmacists, including pharmacy managers and owners.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFive measurement properties of QIs (applicability, improvement potential, acceptability, implementation issues and sensitivity to change) were evaluated. A web application was developed for data reporting and data visualisation.ResultsThis study showed that 53 QIs met the measurement properties of applicability, improvement potential, acceptability and implementation issues. Of 53 QIs, 17 also had a high sensitivity to change. Interviews identified eight themes (indicator characteristics, web application, policy, patient, time, competence, pharmacy administration and collaboration) in relation to the consequence of implementation of QIs.ConclusionsA set of 121 QIs for geriatric pharmacotherapy was field tested for their five measurement properties. This QI set can be used to identify patients who may benefit from clinician reviews of their medicines. These QIs may be applied at different levels within the healthcare system: patient, pharmacy, regional and national levels. Further mechanisms to automatically collect and report data should be established to facilitate sustainable quality improvement initiatives.
Can we streamline the concepts of knowledge translation, dissemination and implementation for lay stakeholders? A perspective
Authors: Daraz Lubna , Morshed Khondoker Golam 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo initiate a critical dialogue within the evidence-based practice (EBP) communities regarding the necessity of clear and accessible concepts that bridge the gap between research and practical use for non-expert stakeholders.Key argumentsThere has been consistent evidence of failure to translate high-quality biomedical and health research findings into clinical practice and policy implementation. Research findings are not making their way into practice in a timely fashion and are believed to take two decades before an intervention can make its way to patients’ bedsides. Numerous concepts, models and theories have been developed to address this research application gap to guide experts in effectively applying research outcomes to practice. Unfortunately, there are no simplified descriptions of these concepts for use by lay stakeholders, such as patient representatives who may contribute meaningfully to clinical and other health research. To address this gap, as a first step towards developing and validating user-friendly concepts, we propose definitions for three commonly used concepts: knowledge translation, dissemination and implementation in a lay language. We also offer a simplified framework that connects these concepts. The suggested definitions and framework need refinement and confirmation from a broad range of non-expert stakeholders.ConclusionInsufficient simplified definitions to explain research in practical terms have led to confusion among stakeholders with limited expertise in EBP. In this context, scientific knowledge that is easy to comprehend and use is vital for non-experts to engage meaningfully and speed up the application of clinical research outcomes in patient care.