bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Adrenal Insufficiency Is a Risk Factor for Pediatric Sepsis: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Hao Dan , Guo Ling , Wang Qian , Ito Misa , Huang Bin , Mineo Chieko , Shaul Philip W , Li Xiang-An 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy had been strongly recommended for pediatric sepsis (grade 1A). However, the recommendation was changed to grade 2C in 2020 due to weak evidence. About 32.8% of patients with pediatric septic develop relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI). But whether GC therapy should be determined by RAI status is controversial. This study utilized 21-day-old SF1CreSRBIfl/fl mice as the first pediatric RAI mouse model to assess the pathogenesis of RAI and evaluate GC therapy. RAI mice exhibited a substantially higher mortality rate in cecal ligation and puncture and cecal slurry–induced sepsis. These mice featured persistent inflammatory responses and were effectively rescued by GC therapy. RNA sequencing analysis revealed persistent inflammatory responses in RAI mice, caused by transcriptional dysregulation of AP-1 and NF-κB, and cytokine-induced secondary inflammatory response. Our findings support a precision medicine approach to guide GC therapy for pediatric patients based on the status of RAI.
The rule of reason and the fundamentals against more presumption-based illegality legal standards: highlights on CADE’s decisions on digital economy issues
Authors: da Silva Oliveira Neto Dario , Augusto de Oliveira Cruz Filho Otávio , Cordeiro Macedo Alexandre 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article advocates against more presumption-based illegality legal standards. The focus is on the Rule of Reason analysis, which is in line with CADE’s case laws for analysing unilateral conducts, distinguishing between restraints with an anti-competitive effect (or resulting in conduct likely to cause such injury) that are harmful to the consumer, and restraints stimulating competition that are in the consumer’s best interest. In this sense, the article recalls some basic concepts, such as market power, dominant position, concentration indexes, and its interactions, since the recent discussions appear to have forgotten its basics. Moreover, a brief analysis of CADE’s procedures and the Brazilian Competition system, especially the analyses of unilateral conduct cases, is made in order to present a background for the readers. At the end, we report three digital antitrust cases judged by Cade to demonstrate the steps used by the authority in order to reach a decision on the case. In a nutshell, CADE has not shifted the analysis of unilateral conduct from the use of the rule of reason to a more presumption-based illegality approach.
Investigation of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Streptococcus suis sortase A
Authors: Lou Fei , Huang Hui , Li Yaping , Yang Shuo , Shi Yangqian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Streptococcus suis seriously harms people and animals, and importantly, causes great economic losses in the pig industry. Similar to most Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, sortase A (SrtA) of S. suis can mediate the anchoring of a variety of virulence factors that contain specific sorting sequences to the surface of the bacterial cell wall envelope and participate in pathogenicity. The purpose of this study is to clarify the molecular mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibiting S. suis SrtA and provide more evidence for the development of novel anti-S. suis infections drugs.

Methods and results
Through the SrtA substrate cleavage experiment, we found that the main component of green tea, EGCG, can effectively inhibit the enzyme activity of S. suis SrtA. Further, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to clarify the molecular mechanism of its inhibitory effect, demonstrating that EGCG mainly interacts with amino acids at 113 and 115 to exert its inhibitory function. It was previously found that EGCG can inhibit the growth of S. suis and reduce the activity of suilysin and inhibit its expression. Our research reveals a new function of EGCG in S. suis infection.

Conclusions
Our research proves that EGCG can effectively inhibit the transpeptidase activity of SrtA. We also clarify the accompanying molecular mechanism, providing more sufficient evidence for the use of EGCG as a potential lead compound against S. suis infection.
Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 byBacillus aryabhattaithrough conversion of double bond in terminal furan
Authors: Tang Xi , Cai Yi-Fan , Yu Xiao-Mei , Zhou Wen-Wen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to screen a bacterial strain with high detoxifying capability for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), verify its biotransformation efficiency, and detoxification process.Methods and resultsA total of 350 samples collected from different environmental niche were screened using coumarin as the sole carbon source. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect residues of AFB1, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on the isolated strain with the highest AFB1 removal ratio for identification. The detoxified products of this strain were tested for toxicity in Escherichia coli as well as LO2, Caco-2, and HaCaT human cell lines. HPLC-MS was applied to further confirm the AFB1 removal and detoxification process.ConclusionsWe identified a strain from plant leaf designated as DT with high AFB1-detoxifying ability that is highly homologous to Bacillus aryabhattai. The optimum detoxification conditions of this strain were 37°C and pH 8.0, resulting in 82.92% removal ratio of 2 μg mL−1 AFB1 in 72 h. The detoxified products were nontoxic for E. coli and significantly less toxic for the LO2, Caco-2, and HaCaT human cell lines. HPLC-MS analysis also confirmed the significant drop of the AFB1 characteristic peak. Two possible metabolic products, C19H15O8 (m/z 371) and C19H19O8 (m/z 375), were observed by mass spectrometry. Potential biotransformation pathway was based on the cleavage of double bond in the terminal furan of AFB1. These generated components had different chemical structures with AFB1, manifesting that the attenuation of AFB1 toxicity would be attributed to the destruction of lactone structure of AFB1 during the conversion process.
ANGPTL3 negatively regulates IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation by inhibiting the IL1R1-associated signaling complex assembly
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Zi-tong , Wan Shi-yuan , Yang Jing , Wei Yu-juan , Chen Hui-jing , Zhou Wan-zhu , Song Qiu-yi , Niu Shu-xuan , Zheng Ling , Huang Kun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced signaling is one of the most important pathways in regulating inflammation and immunity. The assembly of the receptor complex, consisting of the ligand IL-1β, the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) type 1 (IL1R1), and the IL-1R accessory protein (IL1RAP), initiates this signaling. However, how the IL1R1-associated complex is regulated remains elusive. Angiopoietin like 3 (ANGPTL3), a key inhibitor of plasma triglyceride clearance, is mainly expressed in the liver and exists in both intracellular and extracellular secreted forms. Currently, ANGPTL3 has emerged as a highly promising drug target for hypertriglyceridemia and associated cardiovascular diseases. However, most studies have focused on the secreted form of ANGPTL3, while its intracellular role is still largely unknown. Here, we report that intracellular ANGPTL3 acts as a negative regulator of IL-1β-triggered signaling. Overexpression of ANGPTL3 inhibited IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation and the transcription of inflammatory genes in HepG2, THP1, and HEK293T cells, while knockdown or knockout of ANGPTL3 resulted in opposite effects. Mechanistically, ANGPTL3 interacted with IL1R1 and IL1RAP through its intracellular C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain and disrupted the assembly of the IL1R1-associated complex. Taken together, our study reveals a novel role for ANGPTL3 in inflammation, whereby it inhibits the physiological interaction between IL1R1 and IL1RAP to maintain immune tolerance and homeostasis in the liver.
The Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence: The Possible Risk of Falsifying Images for Scientific Articles
Authors: Zecca Piero Antonio , Marcella Reguzzoni , Andrea Brambilla , Marina Protasoni , Marina Borgese , Mario Raspanti 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article explores the potential risks associated with using artificial intelligence (AI)-generated images in the field of microscopy. It discusses the current state-of-the-art AI-based image-generation techniques and their limitations. It investigates the potential risks associated with the illegal use of AI-generated images, including their use in creating falsified scientific data and the consequences of such misuse. The article concludes by exploring possible solutions to mitigate these risks, such as implementing robust authentication methods and developing ethical guidelines for using and disseminating AI-generated images in the field of microscopy. Additionally, the article also presents the results of a survey involving 101 professionals, showing that the recognition of authentic and entirely AI-generated images is performed well. But, the detection of hybrid images could be improved.
Real-Time Measurements of Oral Mucosal Carbon Dioxide (POMCO2) Reveals an Inverse Correlation With Blood Pressure in a Porcine Model of Coagulopathic Junctional Hemorrhage
Authors: Abel Biebele , Gerling Kimberly A , Mares John A , Hutzler Justin , Pierskalla Irvin , Hays Jim , Propper Brandon , White Joseph M , Burmeister David M 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Shock states that occur during, for example, profound hemorrhage can cause global tissue hypoperfusion leading to organ failure. There is an unmet need for a reliable marker of tissue perfusion during hemorrhage that can be followed longitudinally. Herein, we investigated whether longitudinal POMCO2 tracks changes in hemodynamics in a swine model of coagulopathic uncontrolled junctional hemorrhage.

Materials and Methods
Female Yorkshire-crossbreed swine (n = 7, 68.1 ± 0.7 kg) were anesthetized and instrumented for continuous measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Coagulopathy was induced by the exchange of 50 to 60% of blood volume with 6% Hetastarch over 30 minutes to target a hematocrit of &lt;15%. A 4.5-mm arteriotomy was made in the right common femoral artery with 30 seconds of free bleeding. POMCO2 was continuously measured from baseline through hemodilution, hemorrhage, and a subsequent 3-h intensive care unit period. Rotational thromboelastometry and blood gases were measured.

Results
POMCO2 and MAP showed no significant changes during the hemodilution phase of the experiment, which produced coagulopathy evidenced by prolonged clot formation times. However, POMCO2 increased because of the uncontrolled hemorrhage by 11.3 ± 3.1 mmHg and was inversely correlated with the drop (17.9 ± 5.9 mmHg) in MAP (Y = −0.4122*X + 2.649, P = .02, r2 = 0.686). In contrast, lactate did not significantly correlate with the changes in MAP (P = .35) or POMCO2 (P = .37).

Conclusions
Despite the logical appeal of measuring noninvasive tissue CO2 measurement as a surrogate for gastrointestinal perfusion, prior studies have only reported snapshots of this readout. The present investigation shows real-time longitudinal measurement of POMCO2 to confirm that MAP inversely correlates to POMCO2 in the face of coagulopathy. The simplicity of measuring POMCO2 in real time can provide an additional practical option for military or civilian medics to monitor trends in hypoperfusion during hemorrhagic shock.
On the origin of optical and IR emission lines in star-forming galaxies
Authors: Martínez-Paredes Mariela , Bruzual Gustavo , Morisset Christophe , Kim Minsun , Meléndez Marcio , Binette Luc 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Combining the cloudy photoionization code with updated stellar population synthesis results, we simultaneously model the MIR $\rm{[Ne {}{\small III}]}/\rm{[Ne {}{\small II}]}$ versus $\rm{[O {}{\small IV}]}/\rm{[Ne {}{\small III}]}$, the MIR-FIR $\rm{[Ne {}{\small III}]}/\rm{[Ne {}{\small II}]}$ versus $\rm{[O {}{\small IV}]}/\rm{[O {}{\small III}]}$ and the classical BPT diagnostic diagrams. We focus on the properties of optically classified H ii galaxies that lie in the normal star forming zone in the MIR diagnostic diagram. We find that a small fraction of our models lie in this zone, but most of them correspond to the lowest explored metallicity, Z*  =  0.0002, at age ∼1 Gyr. This value of Z* is, by far, lower than the values derived for these galaxies from optical emission lines, suggesting that the far-UV emission produced by post-AGB stars (a.k.a. HOLMES, hot low-mass evolved stars) is NOT the source of ionization. Instead, shock models can easily reproduce this part of the MIR diagram. We suggest that it is likely that some of these galaxies have been misclassified and that in them, shocks, produced by a weak AGN-outflow, could be an important source of ionization. Using a subset of our models, we derive a new demarcation line for the maximal contribution of retired galaxies in the BPT diagram. This demarcation line allows for a larger contamination from the neighbouring AGN-dominated region. Considering the importance of disentangling the different ionizing mechanisms in weak or deeply obscured systems, new observational efforts to classify galaxies both in the optical and IR are required to better constrain this kind of models and understand their evolutionary paths.
A colourful analysis: Probing the eclipse of the black hole and central engine in NGC 6814 using X-ray colour–colour grids
Authors: Pottie B , Gallo L C , Gonzalez A G , Miller J M 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Eclipsing of the X-ray emitting region in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a potentially powerful probe to examine the AGN environment and absorber properties. Here, we study the eclipse data from the 2016 XMM–Newton observation of NGC 6814 using a colour–colour analysis. Colours (i.e. hardness ratios) can provide the advantage of better time resolution over spectral analysis alone. Colour–colour grids are constructed to examine the effects of different parameters on the observed spectral variability during the eclipse. Consistent with previous spectral analysis, the variations are dominated by changes in the column density and covering fraction of the absorber. However, during maximum eclipse the behaviour of the absorber changes. Just after ingress, the eclipse is described by changes in column density and covering fraction, but prior to egress, the variations are dominated by changes in column density alone. Simulations are carried out to consider possible absorber geometries that might produce this behaviour. The behaviour is inconsistent with a single homogeneous cloud, but simulations suggest that multiple clouds, perhaps embedded in a highly ionized halo, could reproduce the results. In addition, we determine the orbital covering factor (fraction of orbital path-length) based on evidence of several eclipses in the 2016; 64-d Swift light curve. We estimate that ∼2–4 per cent of the orbit is covered by obscuring clouds and that the distribution of clouds is not isotropic.
Are we surprised to find SMBHs with JWST at z ≥ 9?
Authors: Schneider Raffaella , Valiante Rosa , Trinca Alessandro , Graziani Luca , Volonteri Marta , Maiolino Roberto 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
JWST is unveiling for the first time accreting black holes (BHs) with masses of 106 − 107 M⊙ at z &gt; 4, with the most distant residing in GNz11 at z = 10.6. Are we really surprised to find them in the nuclei of z ≃ 5 − 11 galaxies? Here we predict the properties of 4 &lt; z &lt; 11 BHs and their host galaxies considering an Eddington-limited (EL) and a super-Eddington (SE) BH accretion scenario, using the Cosmic Archaeology Tool (CAT) semi-analytical model. We calculate the transmitted spectral energy distribution of CAT synthetic candidates, representative of the BH/galaxy properties of GNz11. We also examine the possibility that the z = 8.7 galaxy CEERS-1019 could host an active BH. We find that the luminosity of high-z JWST detected BHs are better reproduced by the SE model, where BHs descend from efficiently growing light and heavy seeds. Conversely, the host galaxy stellar masses are better matched in the EL model, in which all the systems detectable with JWST surveys JADES and CEERS descend from heavy BH seeds. We support the interpretation that the central point source of GNz11 could be powered by a SE (λEdd ≃ 2 − 3) accreting BH with mass 1.5 × 106 M⊙, while the emission from CEERS-1019 is dominated by the host galaxy; if it harbours an active BH, we find it to have a mass of MBH ≃ 107 M⊙, and to be accreting at sub-Eddington rates (λEdd ≃ 0.5).
Opacities of dense gas tracers in galactic massive star-forming regions
Authors: Liu Shu , Wang Junzhi , Li Fei , Wu Jingwen , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Li Di , Tang Ningyu , Zuo Pei 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Optical depths of dense molecular gas are commonly used in Galactic and extragalactic studies to constrain the dense gas mass of the clouds or galaxies. The optical depths are often obtained based on spatially unresolved data, especially in galaxies, which may affect the reliability of such measurements. We examine such effects in spatially resolved Galactic massive star-forming regions. Using the 10-m SMT telescope, we mapped HCN and H13CN 3–2, HCO+, and H13CO+ 3–2 towards 51 Galactic massive star-forming regions, 30 of which resulted in robust determination of spatially resolved optical depths. Conspicuous spatial variations of optical depths have been detected within each source. We first obtained opacities for each position and calculated an optical-thick line intensity-weighted average, then averaged all the spectra and derived a single opacity for each region. The two were found to agree extremely well, with a linear least square correlation coefficient of 0.997 for the whole sample.
Jellyfish galaxies with the IllustrisTNG simulations - No enhanced population-wide star formation according to TNG50
Authors: Göller Junia , Joshi Gandhali D , Rohr Eric , Zinger Elad , Pillepich Annalisa 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Due to ram-pressure stripping (RPS), jellyfish galaxies are thought to lose large amounts, if not all, of their interstellar medium. Nevertheless, some, but not all, observations suggest that jellyfish galaxies exhibit enhanced star formation compared to control samples, even in their ram pressure-stripped tails. We use the TNG50 cosmological gravity + magnetohydrodynamical simulation, with an average spatial resolution of 50–200 pc in the star-forming regions of galaxies, to quantify the star formation activity and star formation rates (SFRs) of more than 700 jellyfish galaxies at z = 0–1 with stellar masses $10^{8.3-10.8} \ {\rm M}_\odot$ in hosts with mass $10^{10.5-14.3} \ {\rm M}_\odot$. We extract their global SFRs, the SFRs within their main stellar body versus within the tails, and we follow the evolution of the star formation along their individual evolutionary tracks. We compare the findings for jellyfish galaxies to those of diversely constructed control samples, including against satellite and field galaxies with matched redshift, stellar mass, gas fraction, and host halo mass. According to TNG50, star formation and RPS can indeed occur simultaneously within any given galaxy, and frequently do so. Moreover, star formation can also take place within the ram pressure-stripped tails, even though the latter is typically subdominant. However, TNG50 does not predict elevated population-wide SFRs in jellyfish compared to analogue satellite galaxies with the same stellar mass or gas fraction. Simulated jellyfish galaxies do undergo bursts of elevated star formation along their history but, at least according to TNG50, these do not translate into a population-wide enhancement at any given epoch.
Anisotropic strange stars in the spotlight: unveiling constraints through observational data
Authors: Das H C , Lopes Luiz L 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Motivated by the recent suggestions that very massive pulsar (PSR J0952−0607) and very light compact object (HESS J1731−347) exist, in this article, we revisit the possibility of such objects being strange stars instead of the standard hadronic neutron stars. We study the possible presence of local anisotropy and how it affects the macroscopic properties of strange stars and compare our results with the recent constraints presented in the literature. We found that the presence of anisotropy increases the maximum mass, the radius of the canonical star, and its tidal deformability for positive values of λBL and the opposite for negative values. We also show that although we cannot rule out the possibility of very compact objects being standard hadronic neutron stars, strange stars easily fulfill most of the observational constraints.
A joint investigation of Saturn’s deep zonal flow via its gravitational field and Ohmic dissipation
Authors: Yuan Longhui , Kong Dali 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The Cassini Grand Finale provided a unique opportunity to study Saturn’s deep zonal flow. In this paper, we present a comprehensive deep zonal flow model for Saturn using a joint inversion of observed gravity and zonal flow-induced Ohmic dissipation in the semi-conducting region, under the assumption that the planet’s cloud-level wind is limited to a shallow weather layer. Our model unveils a strong equatorially symmetric zonal flow (O(100) m s−1) and a weaker antisymmetric zonal flow (O(1) m s−1) beneath the cloud-level winds. Furthermore, we show that the maximum depth of the deep zonal flow is around 7800 km, surpassing previous results derived from gravity alone and with the assumption that the rapid cloud-level winds extend deep into the planet’s interior. The meridional profile of the deep zonal flow differs significantly from the cloud-level zonal winds and predicts a strong westward zonal flow in the region with latitude around ±23°, where the observed cloud-top winds remain eastward. We also demonstrate that the zonal flow inside and outside the tangent cylinder exhibits significant differences in speed and scale. Moreover, our findings suggest that the coupling between the deep zonal flow and cloud-level winds varies across latitudes, with the shallow-wind model applicable to polar regions within the tangent cylinder and the deep-wind model more relevant to equatorial regions outside the tangent cylinder. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for the planet’s deep zonal flow in future studies of Saturn’s atmospheric dynamics.
A case study for measuring the relativistic dipole of a galaxy cross-correlation with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
Authors: Bonvin Camille , Lepori Francesca , Schulz Sebastian , Tutusaus Isaac , Adamek Julian , Fosalba Pablo 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The data on spectroscopic galaxy clustering collected by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will allow the significant detection of subtle features in the galaxy two-point correlation in redshift space, beyond the ‘standard’ redshift-space distortions. Here, we present an independent assessment of the detectability of the relativistic dipole in the cross-correlation of two populations of galaxies if they would be selected from the Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS) of DESI. We build synthetic galaxy catalogues with the characteristics of the BGS using the light cone of a relativistic N-body simulation. Exploring different ways of splitting the populations of galaxies we find that with an unequal split with more bright galaxies than faint galaxies the detectability is significantly boosted, reaching 19σ in the redshift bin 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.3 and expected to be even higher at lower redshift. Moreover, we find that the measured dipole agrees very well with the prediction of relativistic effects from linear theory down to separations of ∼ 30 Mpc h−1.