bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing access to basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in schools of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Weldegebriel Mesaye Getachew , Mengesha Sisay Derso , Serte Melaku Gizaw , Weldetinsae Abel , Alemu Zinabu Assefa , Dinssa Daniel Abera , Wagari Bedasa , Alemayehu Tsigereda Assefa , Kenea Moa Abate , Teklu Kirubel Tesfaye , Gobena Waktole , Fikresilassie Getinet , Adugna Ermias Alemayehu , Tessema Masresha , Tollera Getachew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccess to basic water, sanitation and hygiene services is the most effective mechanism to reduce many infectious diseases. WASH in schools related to better educational outcomes although adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene services were unavailable to millions of school-age children in Ethiopia. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the level of WASH coverage and identify factors affecting access to basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 82 school facilities. A structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to gather the data. Water samples were taken from the schools' water storage. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. In this study, 74.7%, 61. 3% and 37.3% of the schools had access to basic drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene services, respectively. Additionally, 21.3%, 29.4%, and 30.7% of the schools had access to limited drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene services, respectively. However, 4%, 9.3%, and 32% of the schools lacked water, sanitation, and hygiene services, respectively. We discovered that schools with male heads were 7% less likely to have access to basic hygiene services (AOR = 0.07 with 95% CI 0.01–0.5) than those with female directors. In addition, schools with hygiene and environmental health clubs had an 11.8-fold higher access rate to basic hygiene services (AOR = 11.8 with 95% CI 1.35–104) than schools without such clubs. Besides, schools that conduct WASH lessons at least once a week were 8.63 times more likely to use basic hygiene services (AOR = 8.63; 95% CI 1.18–63.22) than schools that did not. This study offers scientific evidence that could be used for sound decisions to fill the school WASH gaps. This is a unique study in determining the level of WASH coverage and identifying factors affecting access to basic hygiene services. The investigation provides some insights into how access to WASH services can be improved at the grassroots level. Federal and regional governments should implement effective interventions that assist schools to attain Sustainable Development Goal 6 by 2030. School administrators and other partner organizations should take proactive measures to enhance and maintain the WASH services.
Cultural evolutionary behavioural science in public policy
Authors: Schimmelpfennig Robin , Muthukrishna Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInterventions are to the social sciences what inventions are to the physical sciences – an application of science as technology. Behavioural science has emerged as a powerful toolkit for developing public policy interventions for changing behaviour. However, the translation from principles to practice is often moderated by contextual factors – such as culture – that thwart attempts to generalize past successes. Here, we discuss cultural evolution as a framework for addressing this contextual gap. We describe the history of behavioural science and the role that cultural evolution plays as a natural next step. We review research that may be considered cultural evolutionary behavioural science in public policy, and the promise and challenges to designing cultural evolution informed interventions. Finally, we discuss the value of applied research as a crucial test of basic science: if theories, laboratory and field experiments do not work in the real world, they do not work at all.
Dietary intake of pistachios or mixed nuts results in higher systemic antioxidant capacity with minimal effects on bone in adolescent male rats
Authors: Wickman Brooke E. , Clayton Zachary S. , Rochester Eric , Kern Mark , Hong Mee Young , Liu Changqi , Hooshmand Shirin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNutrition is a key determinant of bone health and attainment of peak bone mass. Excess oxidative stress induces bone loss while increasing antioxidant capacity promotes protective effects on bone. Nuts are rich in antioxidants; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that compared to a control diet high in fat (40 % energy) and cholesterol, diets containing isocaloric amounts of pistachios (8·1 % g/g) or mixed nuts (7·5 % g/g) for 8 weeks would result in greater bone health in male adolescent (3 weeks; a state of continued skeletal growth) Sprague-Dawley rats. We found no difference in bone mechanical properties among groups. Tibial apparent density was ~5 % higher in the pistachio and mixed nuts groupsv. control (P< 0·05) with no clear difference detected for the femur. Expressions of genes known to impact bone turnover and serum bone turnover biomarkers were unaffected by either diet relative to control. Serum antioxidant capacity was ~2-fold higher in the pistachio and mixed nuts groups compared with control (P< 0·05) but were similar between groups. Therefore, pistachios and mixed nuts may increase tibial density, in part, due to increasing antioxidant capacity. Longer dietary interventions may be necessary to elicit detectable changes in other bones (e.g. femur) and to detect potential mechanisms for the possible bone protective effects of nuts.
Asia Faces a Growing Threat From Intraseasonal Compound Weather Whiplash
Authors: Fang Beijing , Lu Mengqian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe sudden swings between drought/heat and pluvial could cause adverse impacts far surpassing the sum of their individual effect. We propose a concept of intraseasonal “compound whiplash event” (CWE) to investigate sudden swings between wet and the compounding warm‐dry events and their changes under climate change. We find that global warming would likely escalate the compound whiplash frequency to two to three and half times (two to three times) by the end of the 21st century under the business‐as‐usual scenario (mitigated scenario). The growing threat of CWE not only stems from the increasing occurrence but also from its intensified severity and extended spatial coverage. Among all sub‐regions, East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region would expect the largest intensification. The resulting population exposure would soar two‐to‐three‐fold over Asia. Populous regions such as North India and EASM region might face a much worse situation than the western China where population is sparse and projected to decline. Moreover, the seasonality of swings with opposite directions would further split as a response to the skewed Asian monsoon annual cycle, leading to more frequent heat‐drought to pluvial swings in spring, and more opposite‐direction swings in autumn, disrupting cultivation and water management convention.
The Unlocking Process Leading to the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence
Authors: Sugan M. , Campanella S. , Chiaraluce L. , Michele M. , Vuan A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractApproximately 23,000 well‐located earthquakes from 2009 to 2016 are used as templates to recover seismic activity preceding the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence. The resulting spatiotemporal pattern is analyzed by additional ∼91,000 newly detected events. In the 8 years before the sequence onset, seismicity (ML ≤ 3.7) develops at the hangingwall of the 2016 normal faults and along a sub‐horizontal shear zone, bounding the active extensional system at depth. This activity, mainly organized in foreshock‐mainshock and swarm‐like clusters, migrates toward the nucleation area of the first Mw 6.0 mainshock of the sequence (24th of August in Amatrice). We propose an unlocking process based on variable temporal clustering of the seismicity, including repeaters, identifying fault portions with different degrees of coupling. Such a progressive localization of the seismic activity at the fault edges induces a weakening of the locked patch of the Amatrice mainshock.
Electron‐Scale Front of Magnetic Pile‐Up Region in Reconnection Exhaust
Authors: Chen Z. Z. , Liu C. M. , Yu J. , Wang T. Y. , Wang J. , Cui J. , Cao J. B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe magnetic pile‐up region and its front, which plays a crucial role in electron energization during magnetic reconnection, has been widely studied at fluid and ion scales. However, there have been few studies on electron‐scale front of magnetic pile‐up regions so far. Here, we present detailed observations of electron‐scale front in a tailward reconnection exhaust. With a thickness of ∼5.5 de (electron inertial length), the front propagated along its normal direction, mainly along the reconnection outflow direction. At this front, the strong energy conversion observed was mainly driven by the perpendicular electron current. The front can lead to adiabatic electron heating and acceleration. The front hosts an intense and highly structured electric field, reaching up to ∼120 mV/m and predominantly attributed to the electron convection term. Electrostatic waves with frequencies higher than the electron gyrofrequency and parallel normal angles (WRT background magnetic field) were detected adjacent to the front. Our study can provide insight into the roles of fronts and electron‐scale physics in magnetic reconnection.
Influence of Mesospheric Gravity Wave Drag on the Formation of Winter Helium Bulge in the Thermosphere
Authors: Ren Dexin , Lei Jiuhou , Liu Han‐Li , Wang Wenbin , Yue Jia , Liu Huixin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we focused on the influences of mesospheric gravity wave drag on the winter helium bulge in the thermosphere. The related physical mechanisms are investigated based on the three‐dimensional physics‐based Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model. The simulation results suggested that the mesospheric gravity wave drag can contribute to the high amplitude of winter helium bulge due to the intensified summer‐to‐winter circulation in the thermosphere. It was found that the meridional pressure gradient force, which dominates the generation of thermospheric large‐scale circulation, shows an increase when the effect of mesospheric gravity wave drag is considered. The change in thermospheric pressure force is attributed to the mesospheric gravity wave drag related winter‐to‐summer flow in the lower thermosphere. This intensified summer‐to‐winter circulation in the thermosphere leads to the decrease and increase of helium concentration in summer and winter, respectively, which thus contributes to the thermospheric winter helium bulge under the effects of mesospheric gravity wave drag.
Regional Sources and Seasonal Variability of Rainwater Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen at a Mid‐Atlantic, USA Coastal Site
Authors: Czarnecki J. I. , Levia D. F. , Scudlark J. R. , Ouyang T. , Wozniak A. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChanges in anthropogenic activities have altered the speciation and concentration of inorganic reactive nitrogen (Nr) delivered to coastal and oceanic waters with precipitation. Less is known about rainwater dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) despite its quantitative importance (>20% of Nr) and potential contributions to primary and secondary production. We document decreases in rainwater nitrogen and carbon amounts between 1994 and 2019 in Delaware, USA with the major reduction observed for nitrate (64%) reflecting emissions technology improvements. [DON] in 2019 was 55% that of 1994, though only 2 years of data are available precluding any assessment of trends. Season, airmass back trajectory (AMBT), rainfall amount, and meteorology influenced Nr amounts in 2018–2019 rain. [DON], which peaked in Summer, had different seasonal patterns than inorganic Nr and dissolved organic carbon, suggesting a biological source. Marine AMBT events showed the lowest Nr abundances. AMBTs from the southwest had the highest concentrations of Nr and DOC partially due to low rainfall amounts. Characterization of the oxidized fraction of DON revealed abundant highly unsaturated aliphatic and peptide‐like formulas suggesting a combination of secondary organic, biomass burning, and biological sources. The large changes in Nr and DOC loads emphasize the dynamic nature of atmosphere to land/water fluxes due to the influence of anthropogenic processes with potential implications for coastal and oceanic water quality and ecology. Models of atmospheric deposition to watersheds and the ocean should be frequently reevaluated with current data to accurately assess inputs from changing atmospheric sources.
Excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in autism: the role of glutamate and GABA gene-sets in symptoms and cortical brain structure
Authors: Hollestein Viola , Poelmans Geert , Forde Natalie J. , Beckmann Christian F. , Ecker Christine , Mann Caroline , Schäfer Tim , Moessnang Carolin , Baumeister Sarah , Banaschewski Tobias , Bourgeron Thomas , Loth Eva , Dell’Acqua Flavio , Murphy Declan G. M. , Puts Nicolaas A. , Tillmann Julian , Charman Tony , Jones Emily J. H. , Mason Luke , Ambrosino Sara , Holt Rosemary , Bölte Sven , Buitelaar Jan K. , Naaijen Jilly 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis posits that imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) mechanisms underlies the behavioral characteristics of autism. However, how E/I imbalance arises and how it may differ across autism symptomatology and brain regions is not well understood. We used innovative analysis methods—combining competitive gene-set analysis and gene-expression profiles in relation to cortical thickness (CT) to investigate relationships between genetic variance, brain structure and autism symptomatology of participants from the AIMS-2-TRIALS LEAP cohort (autism = 359, male/female = 258/101; neurotypical control participants = 279, male/female = 178/101) aged 6–30 years. Using competitive gene-set analyses, we investigated whether aggregated genetic variation in glutamate and GABA gene-sets could be associated with behavioral measures of autism symptoms and brain structural variation. Further, using the same gene-sets, we corelated expression profiles throughout the cortex with differences in CT between autistic and neurotypical control participants, as well as in separate sensory subgroups. The glutamate gene-set was associated with all autism symptom severity scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) within the autistic group. In adolescents and adults, brain regions with greater gene-expression of glutamate and GABA genes showed greater differences in CT between autistic and neurotypical control participants although in opposing directions. Additionally, the gene expression profiles were associated with CT profiles in separate sensory subgroups. Our results suggest complex relationships between E/I related genetics and autism symptom profiles as well as brain structure alterations, where there may be differential roles for glutamate and GABA.
USP14 promotes colorectal cancer progression by targeting JNK for stabilization
Authors: Du Xue-Hua , Ke Shao-Bo , Liang Xin-Yi , Gao Jie , Xie Xiao-Xiao , Qi Lin-Zhi , Liu Xue-Yi , Xu Guo-Yuan , Zhang Xiao-Dong , Du Run-Lei , Li Shang-Ze 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMAPK/JNK signaling is pivotal in carcinogenesis. However, ubiquitin-mediated homeostasis of JNK remains to be verified. Here, with results from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and luciferase reporter pathway identification, we show that USP14 orchestrates MAPK/JNK signaling and identify USP14 as a deubiquitinase that interacts and stabilizes JNK. USP14 is elevated in colorectal cancer patients and is positively associated with JNK protein and downstream gene expression. USP14 ablation reduces cancer cell proliferation in vitro and colorectal tumorigenesis in vivo by downregulating MAPK/JNK pathway activation. Moreover, USP14 expression is induced by TNF-α, forming a feedback loop with JNK and leading to tumor amplification. Our study suggests that elevated expression of USP14 promotes MAPK/JNK signaling by stabilizing JNK, which in turn augments colorectal carcinogenesis, indicating a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer patients with increased USP14 expression.
Phosphorylation of UHRF2 affects malignant phenotypes of HCC and HBV replication by blocking DHX9 ubiquitylation
Authors: Wu Kejia , Zhang Yiqi , Liu Yuxin , Li Qingxiu , Chen Yong , Chen Juan , Duan Changzhu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of main contributors to poor prognosis and rapid progression of hepatocellular cancer (HCC). We previously identified the important role of the phosphorylation of ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains (UHRF2) in HBV-associated HCC. In this study we identify upregulated UHRF2 protein levels in HBV-associated HCC cells and tissues. UHRF2 overexpression promotes the viability, proliferation, migration and invasiveness of HBV-positive HCC cell lines, and enhances HBV DNA replication. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the interaction networks of UHRF2 and their underlying mechanism, this study suggests that UHRF2 facilitates the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis of DExD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) -box helicase enzyme 9 (DHX9). However, phosphorylation of UHRF2 by HBx at S643 inhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of UHRF2 and improves DHX9 protein stability. Furthermore, results suggest that HBx promotes phosphorylation of UHRF2 by the ETS1-CDK2 axis through the downregulation of miR-222-3p in HBV-associated HCC specimens and cells. Our findings suggest that HBx-induced phosphorylation of UHRF2 S643 acts as a “switch” in HBV-associated HCC oncogenesis, activating the positive feedback between phosphorylated UHRF2 and HBV, provide evidence that UHRF2 is a new regulator and a potential prognostic indicator of poor prognosis for HBV-associated HCC.
Integrative genetic analysis illuminates ALS heritability and identifies risk genes
Authors: Megat Salim , Mora Natalia , Sanogo Jason , Roman Olga , Catanese Alberto , Alami Najwa Ouali , Freischmidt Axel , Mingaj Xhuljana , De Calbiac Hortense , Muratet François , Dirrig-Grosch Sylvie , Dieterle Stéphane , Van Bakel Nick , Müller Kathrin , Sieverding Kirsten , Weishaupt Jochen , Andersen Peter Munch , Weber Markus , Neuwirth Christoph , Margelisch Markus , Sommacal Andreas , Van Eijk Kristel R. , Veldink Jan H. ,   Project Mine Als Sequencing Consortium, Lautrette Géraldine , Couratier Philippe , Camuzat Agnès , Le Ber Isabelle , Grassano Maurizio , Chio Adriano , Boeckers Tobias , Ludolph Albert C. , Roselli Francesco , Yilmazer-Hanke Deniz , Millecamps Stéphanie , Kabashi Edor , Storkebaum Erik , Sellier Chantal , Dupuis Luc 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has substantial heritability, in part shared with fronto-temporal dementia (FTD). We show that ALS heritability is enriched in splicing variants and in binding sites of 6 RNA-binding proteins including TDP-43 and FUS. A transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) identified 6 loci associated with ALS, including inNUP50encoding for the nucleopore basket protein NUP50. Independently, rare variants inNUP50were associated with ALS risk (P = 3.71.10−03; odds ratio = 3.29; 95%CI, 1.37 to 7.87) in a cohort of 9,390 ALS/FTD patients and 4,594 controls. Cells from one patient carrying aNUP50frameshift mutation displayed a decreased level of NUP50. Loss of NUP50 leads to death of cultured neurons, and motor defects inDrosophilaand zebrafish. Thus, our study identifies alterations in splicing in neurons as critical in ALS and provides genetic evidence linking nuclear pore defects to ALS.
A CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies EXO1 as a formaldehyde resistance gene
Authors: Gao Yuandi , Guitton-Sert Laure , Dessapt Julien , Coulombe Yan , Rodrigue Amélie , Milano Larissa , Blondeau Andréanne , Larsen Nicolai Balle , Duxin Julien P. , Hussein Samer , Fradet-Turcotte Amélie , Masson Jean-Yves 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare, genome instability-associated disease characterized by a deficiency in repairing DNA crosslinks, which are known to perturb several cellular processes, including DNA transcription, replication, and repair. Formaldehyde, a by-product of metabolism, is thought to drive FA by generating DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). However, the impact of formaldehyde on global cellular pathways has not been investigated thoroughly. Herein, using a pangenomic CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identify EXO1 as a critical regulator of formaldehyde-induced DNA lesions. We show that EXO1 knockout cell lines exhibit formaldehyde sensitivity leading to the accumulation of replicative stress, DNA double-strand breaks, and quadriradial chromosomes, a typical feature of FA. After formaldehyde exposure, EXO1 is recruited to chromatin, protects DNA replication forks from degradation, and functions in parallel with the FA pathway to promote cell survival. In vitro, EXO1-mediated exonuclease activity is proficient in removing DPCs. Collectively, we show that EXO1 limits replication stress and DNA damage to counteract formaldehyde-induced genome instability.
Acid enhanced zipping effect to densify MWCNT packing for multifunctional MWCNT films with ultra-high electrical conductivity
Authors: Wang Hong , Sun Xu , Wang Yizhuo , Li Kuncai , Wang Jing , Dai Xu , Chen Bin , Chong Daotong , Zhang Liuyang , Yan Junjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe outstanding electrical and mechanical properties remain elusive on macroscopic carbon nanotube (CNT) films because of the difficult material process, which limits their wide practical applications. Herein, we report high-performance multifunctional MWCNT films that possess the specific electrical conductivity of metals as well as high strength. These MWCNT films were synthesized by a floating chemical vapor deposition method, purified at high temperature and treated with concentrated HCl, and then densified due to the developed chlorosulfonic acid-enhanced zipping effect. These large scalable films exhibit high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, high thermoelectric power factor, and high ampacity because of the densely packed crystalline structure of MWCNTs, which are promising for practical applications.
Population differentiated copy number variation between Eurasian wild boar and domesticated pig populations
Authors: Jang Jisung , Kim Bongsang , Jhang So Yun , Ahn Byeongyong , Kang Mingue , Park Chankyu , Cho Eun Seok , Kim Young-Sin , Park Woncheoul , Kim Heebal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSus scrofa is a globally distributed livestock species that still maintains two different ways of life: wild and domesticated. Herein, we detected copy number variation (CNV) of 328 animals using short read alignment on Sscrofa11.1. We compared CNV among five groups of porcine populations: Asian domesticated (AD), European domesticated (ED), Asian wild (AW), European wild (EW), and Near Eastern wild (NEW). In total, 21,673 genes were identified on 154,872 copy number variation region (CNVR). Differences in gene copy numbers between populations were measured by considering the variance-based value $${V}_{ST}$$

V

ST

and the one-way ANOVA test followed by Scheffe test. As a result, 111 genes were suggested as copy number variable genes. Abnormally gained copy number on EEA1 in all populations was suggested the presence of minor CNV in the reference genome assembly, Sscrofa11.1. Copy number variable genes were related to meat quality, immune response, and reproduction traits. Hierarchical clustering of all individuals and mean pairwise $${V}_{ST}$$

V

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in breed level were visualized genetic relationship of 328 individuals and 56 populations separately. Our findings have shown how the complex history of pig evolution appears in genome-wide CNV of various populations with different regions and lifestyles.