bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group B Streptococcus Cas9 variants provide insight into programmable gene repression and CRISPR-Cas transcriptional effects
Authors: Gopalakrishna Kathyayini P. , Hillebrand Gideon H. , Bhavana Venkata H. , Elder Jordan L. , D’Mello Adonis , Tettelin Hervé , Hooven Thomas A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS; S. agalactiae) causes chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and can also cause disease in healthy or immunocompromised adults. GBS possesses a type II-A CRISPR-Cas9 system, which defends against foreign DNA within the bacterial cell. Several recent publications have shown that GBS Cas9 influences genome-wide transcription through a mechanism uncoupled from its function as a specific, RNA-programmable endonuclease. We examine GBS Cas9 effects on genome-wide transcription through generation of several isogenic variants with specific functional defects. We compare whole-genome RNA-seq from Δcas9 GBS with a full-length Cas9 gene deletion; dcas9 defective in its ability to cleave DNA but still able to bind to frequently occurring protospacer adjacent motifs; and scas9 that retains its catalytic domains but is unable to bind protospacer adjacent motifs. Comparing scas9 GBS to the other variants, we identify nonspecific protospacer adjacent motif binding as a driver of genome-wide, Cas9 transcriptional effects in GBS. We also show that Cas9 transcriptional effects from nonspecific scanning tend to influence genes involved in bacterial defense and nucleotide or carbohydrate transport and metabolism. While genome-wide transcription effects are detectable by analysis of next-generation sequencing, they do not result in virulence changes in a mouse model of sepsis. We also demonstrate that catalytically inactive dCas9 expressed from the GBS chromosome can be used with a straightforward, plasmid-based, single guide RNA expression system to suppress transcription of specific GBS genes without potentially confounding off-target effects. We anticipate that this system will be useful for study of nonessential and essential gene roles in GBS physiology and pathogenesis.
Treadmill exercise modulates the medial prefrontal-amygdala neural circuit to improve the resilience against chronic restraint stress
Authors: Luo Zhihua , Chen Junlin , Dai Yelin , So Kwok-Fai , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAerobic exercise effectively ameliorates mental disorders including anxiety and depression. Current findings mainly attribute its neural mechanism to the improvement of adult neurogenesis, while leaving the possible circuitry mechanism unclear. In the current study, we identify the overexcitation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to basolateral amygdala (BLA) pathway under chronic restraint stress (CRS), and 14-day treadmill exercise selectively reverses such abnormalities. Using chemogenetic approaches, we find that the mPFC-BLA circuit is necessary for preventing anxiety-like behaviors in CRS mice. These results collectively suggest a neural circuitry mechanism by which exercise training improves the resilience against environmental stress.
Phase stability of entropy stabilized oxides with the α-PbO2 structure
Authors: Aamlid Solveig S. , Johnstone Graham H. J. , Mugiraneza Sam , Oudah Mohamed , Rottler Jörg , Hallas Alannah M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe prediction of new high entropy oxides (HEOs) remains a profound challenge due to their inherent chemical complexity. In this work, we combine experimental and computational methods to search for new HEOs in the tetravalent AO2 family, using exclusively d0 and d10 cations. Our aim is to explain the phase stability of the α-PbO2 structure, which is found for the medium entropy oxide (Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn)O2. Using a pairwise approach to approximate the mixing enthalpy, we confirm that α-PbO2 is the expected lowest energy structure for this material above other candidates including rutile, baddeleyite, and fluorite structures. We also show that no other five-component compound composed of the tetravalent cations considered here is expected to form under solid state synthesis conditions, which we verify experimentally. Ultimately, we conclude that the flexible geometry of the α-PbO2 structure can be used to understand its stability among tetravalent HEOs.
Decoupling and dimension reduction method for distribution system security region
Authors: Xiao Jun , Fan Yuhao , Jiang Xun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe application of the security region methodology in a practical distribution system with large scale normally requires large computer memory and high computation time. To overcome this problem, this article proposes a decoupling and dimension reduction method, which can significantly accelerate the calculation of distribution system security region (DSSR) and is important for the application of the DSSR theory in large‐scale distribution systems. First, the definition of DSSR dimension reflecting the size of solution space and the time complexity is proposed. And the solution algorithm for DSSR dimension is also given. Second, a decoupling and dimension reduction method suitable for the analysis of DSSR is proposed. Following the method, an incidence matrix can be obtained from the DSSR expressions, which can be further divided into multiple block matrices. According to the feeder combinations of the block matrices, the distribution system can be decoupled into multiple sub‐networks for more efficient analysis. Finally, a 10kV distribution network is used in case study to validate the proposed method. The results for a time‐consuming calculation, that is, TSC curve calculation, show that the proposed method can reduce the computation time significantly, making the time‐consuming calculation suitable for the analysis of large‐scale cases.
A unilateral 3D indoor positioning system employing optical camera communications
Authors: Younus Othman Isam , Chaudhary Neha , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Alves Luis Nero , Zvanovec Stanislav , Pattas Dimitrios , Papanikolaou Vasilis K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the use of a visible light positioning system in an indoor environment to provide a three dimensional (3D) high‐accuracy solution. The proposed system leveraged the use of a single light‐emitting diode and an image sensor at the transmitter and the receiver (Rx) respectively. The proposed system can retrieve the 3D coordinate of the Rx using a combination of the angle of arrival and received signal strength (RSS). To mitigate the error induced by the lens at the Rx, a novel method is proposed and experimentally tested. The authors show that, the proposed method outperforms previously reported RSS under all circumstances and it is immune to varying exposure times within the standard range of 250 µs to 4 ms. The authors experimentally demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve a 3D root mean squared error of 7.56 cm.
Single-use duodenoscopes compared with reusable duodenoscopes in patients carrying multidrug-resistant microorganisms: a break-even cost analysis
Authors: Vos Margreet C. , Bruno Marco J. , Kwakman Judith A. , Poley Marten J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Single-use duodenoscopes can prevent transmission of microorganisms through contaminated reusable duodenoscopes. Concerns regarding their economic and environmental impact impede the transition to single-use duodenoscopes. This study investigated the costs associated with two scenarios in which single-use duodenoscopes are used in patients carrying multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDROs).
Methods Break-even costs for single-use duodenoscopes were calculated for two scenarios in which patients were screened for MDRO carriage before undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Only direct costs related to the endoscopy were taken into consideration. In Scenario 1, patients were screened through microbiological culturing with a lag time in receiving the test result. In Scenario 2, screening was performed using GeneXpert analysis providing a rapid read-out. Calculations were performed using data from a Dutch tertiary care center and also with US healthcare data.
Results In the Dutch situation, single-use duodenoscopes needed to be priced at a maximum of € 140 to € 250 to break-even. In the US analyses, break-even costs varied widely, depending on the duodenoscope-associated infection costs used, ERCP volume, and infection risk. The break-even costs in Scenario 1 ranged between $78.21 and $2,747.54 and in Scenario 2, between $248.89 and $2,209.23.
Conclusions This study showed that a crossover scenario in which single-use duodenoscopes are only used in patients carrying MDROs could be an economically viable alternative to a complete transition to single-use duodenoscopes. In the Dutch setting, single-use duodenoscopes need to be priced much lower than in the United States to reach a per-procedure cost that is comparable with a scenario using reusable duodenoscopes exclusively.
Cardiovascular Outcomes of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients on
Long Term TSH Suppression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Jerry , Kaur Rajneesh , Ayeni Femi Emmanuel , Eslick Guy D. , Edirimanne Senarath 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature regarding
cardiovascular outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients who are
on long term thyroid stimulating hormone suppression. Searches were carried out
using Prisma guidelines in Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL and Scopus
databases. Eligible papers were those which investigated discrete cardiovascular
clinical outcomes in TSH suppressed patients and meta-analysis of selected
studies was performed using Revman 5.4.1. We found a total of 195 879 DTC
patients with median length to follow up of 8.6 years (range 5–18.8
years). Analysis showed DTC patients to be at higher risk of atrial fibrillation
(HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.40, 1.77), stroke (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09,
1.20) and all-cause mortality (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.02, 4.07). However,
there was no difference in risk of heart failure, ischemic heart disease or
cardiovascular mortality. These findings suggest that degree of TSH suppression
must be titrated to accommodate risk of cancer recurrence and cardiovascular
morbidity.
Angehörigenarbeit - Neu denken
Authors: Hornig Larissa 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungEs gibt einen wissenschaftlich-fachlichen Konsens darüber, dass es sich
bei Substanzgebrauchsstörungen gleichermaßen um
Störungen im Familiensystem handelt. Denn sie ziehen neben den
individuellen Belastungen der Betroffenen selbst, vor allem massive soziale
Auswirkungen im Kontext der kompletten Familiendynamik nach sich.
Dementsprechend stellen auch Angehörige eine wichtige Zielgruppe
für die Suchthilfe dar, für die es gilt, ein
flächendeckendes und bedarfsorientiertes Unterstützungsangebot
zu schaffen. In der Praxis lässt die Angebotspalette an
Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten für diese Zielgruppe jedoch
nach wie vor zu wünschen übrig. Stigmatisierungsängste
sind neben strukturellen Barrieren und Zugangshürden des
Suchthilfesystems u. a. ein Grund dafür, dass Angehörige
die bereits bestehenden Angebote nur selten bis gar nicht nutzen. Inwieweit
professionelle Fachkräfte selbst schon anhand des eigenen
Sprachgebrauchs zu Stigmatisierungen beitragen, wird nachfolgend beleuchtet. Im
folgenden Beitrag soll eine Bestandsaufnahme über die aktuelle Praxis
der Angehörigenarbeit sowie Impulse für
Weiterentwicklungsmöglichkeiten und den notwendigen Handlungs- und
Forschungsbedarf gegeben werden, um ein „Neudenken“ in der
Angehörigenarbeit anzuregen.Da es sich um einen Diskussionsbeitrag handelt, wurde keine systematische
Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Hingegen wird der aktuelle Stand aus
Forschung und Praxis mit Blick auf mögliche Verbesserungen und
Handlungsimpulse zur Thematik der Angehörigenarbeit in der Suchthilfe
beleuchtet.
Correlation of Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted MR Parameters and SUVmax from 18-FDG PET-CT in Lung Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Goyal Jitin , Jajodia Ankush , Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu , Bansal Abhishek , Batra Ullas , Pasricha Sunil , Puri Sunil , Chaturvedi Arvind K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) sequences report the cellularity in tissues and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) provides information on glucose metabolism in cells, associated to tumor aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance parameters and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) using 18-FDG PET-CT in lung cancer and metastatic lymph nodes.
Methods Histologically proven 29 patients of lung cancers were subjected to 18-FDG PET-CT and DW-MRI (parameters: repetition time/time to echo [TR/TE] = 4,000/76 ms; b-values = 0, 400, and 800 s/mm2) between June 2018 and June 2019. SUVmax was calculated on the PET-CT images representing region of interest (ROI) in the tumor. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were quantified by placing an ROI over the tumor at a high b-value of 800 mm2/s. Statistical analyses for correlation between SUVmax and ADC were done using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r).
Results Significant negative correlation was observed between analyses of ADC and SUVmax for primary lesions of all nonsmall-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs; p < 0.05) and its histological subtype adenocarcinoma (p < 0.05) but not squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.35). Significant negative correlation was also observed for metastatic lymph nodes of adenocarcinoma (p < 0.05) but not for metastatic lymph nodes of all NSCLCs (p = 0.05) or squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.55).
Conclusions Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with ADC may represent a new prognostic marker due to a significant negative correlation between ADC determined by DWI and SUVmax by PET-CT in NSCLCs. Furthermore, DWI-MRI of the thorax can be added to routine 18-FDG PET-CT for staging and response assessment in lung cancer in prospects.
Exploring Preschoolers' Emotions in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Wadji Dyani R.N. , Despriliani Ririn , Setiawan Arlette Suzy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective Emotion is a feeling that someone can feel. Emotions are generally shown through behavior or facial expressions. Emotions are essential for dental treatment because there is a relation between the emotions felt by children and the success of the dental treatment that the dentist will give. This study aimed to describe variables of emotions about dental treatment.
Materials and Methods Descriptive analysis using a convenience nonrandom sampling technique was conducted on 58 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old who came for dental treatment at the Bandung Dental Center in Bandung, Indonesia. The instrument used to ask children how they feel about dental care is a 7-item questionnaire derived from the children's fear survey scale-dental subscale. Meanwhile, the media used by children to respond was a card with facial expressions from the Facial Expression Emotion Scale.
Results The results showed that only participants aged 4 responded with one type of emotion (happy), while the other age groups gave various emotional responses. Fear emotion began to appear in the age group of 5 and 6 years and only in girls, while emotions of anger also appeared in girls and only at the age of 5.
Conclusion In this study, the emotions that children choose about dental care at the Bandung Dental Center clinic are happy emotions. The emotions of fear and sadness were chosen more by girl participants, while none of the boy participants chose the emotion of fear. This sad and fearful response is associated with invasive dental treatment. Anger was chosen as a child's response dominantly because of the parents' invitation to the dentist.
Association of Herpesvirus and Periodontitis: A Clinical and Laboratorial Case–Control Study
Authors: Picolo Marta , de Araújo Nobre Miguel A. , Salvado Francisco , Barroso Helena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives A significant influence of the Herpesviridae family in the progression of periodontal disease has been suggested. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association of four Herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) with periodontal disease using a qualitative test for evaluating the presence or absence of viral DNA in crevicular fluid samples of both healthy periodontal patients and periodontal compromised patients.
Materials and Methods A case–control study was conducted in 100 participants at a university clinic. A qualitative test was used for evaluating the presence/absence of viral DNA in crevicular fluid samples of both healthy periodontal patients and periodontal compromised patients, and considering the periodontitis staging (stage II, stage III, and stage IV) and grading (grade A, grade B, and grade C).
Statistical Analysis The distribution of the same exposure variables to the periodontitis staging and grading was compared using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Gamma tests depending on the variable characteristics. The significance level was set at 5%. The association of the variables: age, sex, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, and oral hygiene was also considered.
Results The prevalence of Herpesviridae family virus DNA was 6% for the periodontal healthy group and 60% for the periodontitis group (roughly 60% on periodontitis stages II, III, and IV, p <0.001; and twofold increase in moderate and rapid progression grades compared with the slow progression grade, p <0.001). HSV1 DNA was prevalent in all periodontitis stages and grades. HSV 2, EBV, and CMV DNA had increasing prevalence rates in more severe stages (stages III and IV, p <0.001); while considering periodontitis grade, HSV2 (p = 0.001), CMV (p = 0.019) and EBV (p <0.001) DNA were prevalent only in grades B and C, with EBV DNA registering a marked prevalence in grade C.
Conclusion A significant different distribution of Herpesviridae virus DNA per each stage of disease was registered.
Pretreatment Systemic Inflammatory Markers, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Factor in Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sarkar Sabyasachi , Mirza Behjet , Das Sumana Maiti , Singh Dharmendra , Das Siddhartha 
Published: June 2023

Inflammation has been recognized as a promoter of the neoplastic process initiation and progression. Neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytosis are hallmarks of inflammatory reaction. The aim of this study is to find the correlation and prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), with the recurrence in carcinoma cervix.Data of 208 biopsy-proven cases of squamous cell carcinoma cervix treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count at diagnosis were recorded and NLR and PLR were calculated. The cutoff value of NLR and PLR were calculated using receiver operator characteristics curve analysis. Correlation between locoregional recurrence (LRR) and NLR and PLR is evaluated. Median age of diagnosis is at 50 years. International Federation of Gynecology Obstetrics stage IIB was the most prevalent stage in this study. The NLR and PLR were statistically significantly affecting the LRR. The cutoff value of NLR was 2.45 with a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 77.7%. The cutoff value for PLR was 140.6 with a sensitivity of 85.5% and specificity of 80.6%. On univariate regression analysis stage (p = 0.045), tumor grade (p = 0.001), addiction (p = 0.024), NLR (p < 0.001), and PLR (p < 0.001) were associated with LRR. Multivariate regression analysis showed that NLR (p = 0.005) risk group and PLR (p < 0.001) risk group are independent risk factors associated with LRR.
Conclusion High value of NLR and PLR correlate with poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma cervix. Hence, these biomarkers may be used as surrogates for tumor prognosis.
Transforming the educational experiences of marginalized students in Ghana through dialogic literary gatherings
Authors: Allotey Eugenia , García-Carrión Rocío , Villardón-Gallego Lourdes , Soler-Gallart Marta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiscrimination and educational inequalities continually affect lifelong learning opportunities among marginalized groups in the 21st century. In Ghana and many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, children from rural and urban poor communities, ethnic and linguistic minorities and those in displaced situations have experienced discrimination and marginalization in education for decades. However, few studies propose ways marginalized students in Ghana can transform their experiences in school. This paper explores how participating in a dialogue-based intervention named Dialogic Literary Gatherings (DLGs) transformed the educational experiences of marginalized students. An ethnographic-case study was conducted with 8th-grade students in a compulsory school in Southeastern Ghana. Focusing on the personal accounts of seven students, our findings show that the DLGs created affordances for marginalized students to engage in egalitarian dialogue, share their grievances while transforming relationships and attitudes with their peers and boost participants’ self-confidence, eventually transforming their educational experiences. This is relevant for practitioners and stakeholders seeking innovative strategies that potentially transform discriminated and marginalized students’ experiences and potentially keep them in school.
A mid-infrared laser microscope for the time-resolved study of light-induced protein conformational changes
Authors: Temperini Maria Eleonora , Polito Raffaella , Intze Antonia , Gillibert Raymond , Berkmann Fritz , Baldassarre Leonetta , Giliberti Valeria , Ortolani Michele 
Published: June 2023

We have developed a confocal laser microscope operating in the mid-infrared range for the study of light-sensitive proteins, such as rhodopsins. The microscope features a co-aligned infrared and visible illumination path for the selective excitation and probing of proteins located in the IR focus only. An external-cavity tunable quantum cascade laser provides a wavelength tuning range (5.80–6.35 µm or 1570–1724 cm−1) suitable for studying protein conformational changes as a function of time delay after visible light excitation with a pulsed LED. Using cryogen-free detectors, the relative changes in the infrared absorption of rhodopsin thin films around 10−4 have been observed with a time resolution down to 30 ms. The measured full-width at half maximum of the Airy disk at λ = 6.08 µm in transmission mode with a confocal arrangement of apertures is 6.6 µm or 1.1λ. Dark-adapted sample replacement at the beginning of each photocycle is then enabled by exchanging the illuminated thin-film location with the microscope mapping stage synchronized to data acquisition and LED excitation and by averaging hundreds of time traces acquired in different nearby locations within a homogeneous film area. We demonstrate that this instrument provides crucial advantages for time-resolved IR studies of rhodopsin thin films with a slow photocycle. Time-resolved studies of inhomogeneous samples may also be possible with the presented instrument.
A corpus-based study of ‘Away gestures’ across four signed languages
Authors: Gabarró-López Sílvia , Kuder Anna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a study of four recurrent gestures: sweeping away, holding away, brushing away and throwing
away. These forms have so far only been studied for spoken languages and are said to form the ‘family of Away gestures’, which is
semantically motivated by the effect of actions of removing or keeping away of things. Our corpus-based study aims to investigate
these forms in four sign languages: Catalan, French Belgian, German, and Polish. We select and study a data sample that lasts
approximately three hours. Our findings reveal the frequency, functions, and the lexicalisation status of the forms across the
four studied languages.