bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
II. Geometrical framework for thinking about globular proteins: The power of poking
Authors: Škrbić Tatjana , Giacometti Achille , Hoang Trinh X. , Maritan Amos , Banavar Jayanth R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecently, we presented a framework for understanding protein structure based on the idea that simple constructs of holding hands or touching of objects can be used to rationalize the common characteristics of globular proteins. We developed a consistent approach for understanding the formation of the two key common building blocks of helices and sheets as well as the compatible assembly of secondary structures into the tertiary structure through the notion of poking pairwise interactions. Here we benchmark our predictions with a detailed analysis of structural data of over 4000 proteins from the Protein Data Bank. We also present the results of detailed computer simulations of a simplified model demonstrating a pre‐sculpted free energy landscape, determined by geometry and symmetry, comprising numerous minima corresponding to putative native state structures. We explore the consequences of our model. Our results suggest that symmetry and geometry are a powerful guide to capture the simplicity underlying protein complexity.
A neural fictitious self‐play anti‐jamming strategy for secondary frequency control in microgrids with imperfect observations
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Shichao , Zhu Li , Chen Bo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe microgrid secondary control systems are facing increasing threats of cyberattacks, due to the involvement of wireless communication infrastructures between microgrid control center (MGCC) and distributed generators (DGs). While most existing works focused on either the links from DGs to the MGCC (feedback channels) or the links from the MGCC to DGs (forward channels) under perfect observations, the two wireless links could be attacked simultaneously and are subject to non‐malicious environment perturbations besides cyberattacks. In this work, we propose a decentralized cyber‐defense method for securing the microgrid secondary frequency control against rational jamming attacks in both feedback and forward channels that also face imperfect observations. A multi‐player multi‐stage security game is formulated to model the interactions between attackers and defenders. In the formulated game, vulnerability metrics based on the observability Gramians and controllability Gramians of the microgrid are included in the payoff function to count the impact of cyber‐layer actions on microgrid physical performance. A neural fictitious self‐play (NFSP) anti‐jamming approach is developed for this game, simultaneously considering both cyber‐physical characteristics and imperfect observations. In the proposed approach, a deep Q‐learning network (DQN) and a supervised learning network are jointly built to learn the optimal defense policy under the worst‐case. The NFSP‐based solution is proved to be a Nash equilibrium (NE) based solution. Extensive comparisons are made, and the results verify that the proposed defense policy can effectively defend against rational bi‐directional jamming attacks in the microgrid secondary frequency control.
Emancipatory praxis for Black women in the 21st century
Authors: Croom Natasha N. , Smith Michele D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSynthesizing the contributions in this issue, the authors with expertise as tenured faculty and student and academic affairs administrators offer radical, yet timely implications for practice intended to contribute to the emancipation of Black women at all levels in higher education. In so doing, these authors (re)imagine an academy that responds more judiciously to the material needs of Black women moving into the next twenty years.
Kehlnähte dichtgeschweißter Hohlkästen
Authors: Ltaief Malik , Mensinger Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNicht begehbare Hohlkästen ermöglichen filigrane und ressourcenschonende Bauwerke im Stahl‐ und Stahlverbundbrückenbau. Die eingeschränkte Zugänglichkeit der Hohlkästen macht es in vielen Fällen erforderlich, diese luftdicht zu verschweißen, da eine Inspektion im Inneren des Bauwerks nur schwer möglich ist. Aus der daraus resultierenden Dichtheit kommt es in Abhängigkeit von täglichen und saisonalen Temperaturänderungen zu Schwankungen des Drucks im Inneren des Hohlkastens. Konstruktiv ist eine einseitige Schweißung von zwei der vier Längsnähte eines nicht begehbaren Hohlkastens unumgänglich. Diese werden planmäßig auf Längsschub bemessen und erfahren durch die Schwankungen des Innendrucks eine außerplanmäßige Biegebeanspruchung. Zur Quantifizierung des Innendrucks nicht begehbarer Hohlkästen wird ein thermisches Modell entwickelt. Aufbauend auf gemessenen Wetterdaten lassen sich mit Simulationen Temperaturzeitreihen der Innenluft erzeugen, welche zur Bestimmung des charakteristischen Einwirkungswerts extrapoliert werden. Die Tragfähigkeit und das Rotationsverhalten einseitig geschweißter Kehlnähte werden durch Versuche untersucht. Durch die Gegenüberstellung der Versuchsergebnisse und der rechnerischen Tragfähigkeit nach dem richtungsbezogenen Verfahren der EN 1993‐1‐8 konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Biegetragfähigkeit unterschätzt wird.
Analysis of sustainable groundwater management policies for urban development
Authors: Kuchampudi Sandeep Varma , Panchal Sandeep , Naveen S. , Suresh V. , P. Satishkumar , Abdulrahman Imad Saeed , Salman Hayder Mahmood , Singh Pallavi , S. Padmapriya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGroundwater is essential to human well‐being and sustains a variety of aquatic ecosystems in both urban and rural settings. Yet, it is commonly overlooked in these contexts. As a result, groundwater may be very important to the development and well‐being of many nations if it is properly evaluated and utilized. Although the possibility for sustainable groundwater resource development is still debated in the literature, these issues still lack quantitative understanding. In order to assess groundwater potential in two different urbanized regions of “Northern Kerala, Southern India,” this research uses the “Enhanced Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (E‐Fuzzy AHP) based Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)‐Geospatial Framework employing Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO)”. The study area is a coastal region that is quickly becoming urbanized and relies on groundwater resources to meet its basic needs. By incorporating both spatial and non‐spatial data into the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, a groundwater potential zone map with an accurate integer value was created, known as the “groundwater potential index (GWPI)”. The very excellent potential zone occupies 35% and 11%, respectively, of the “urban and peri‐urban zones,” according to the final groundwater potential map, which employed the quantile technique to split the research territory into four zones. The statistical effectiveness and dependability of results in the overall decision‐making phase were examined in the validation study using the data on mean water depth level, and it was found that the reliability was well within the tolerance threshold.
Comparison between two scoring methods to assess tail damage of docked pig carcasses during postmortem inspection in Ireland
Authors: D'Alessio Roberta Maria , McAloon Conor G. , Boyle Laura Ann , Hanlon Alison , O'Driscoll Keelin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTail inspection in the abattoir is a tool to help determine the welfare status of pigs. However, methodologies vary widely. Moreover, meat inspection is moving from palpation and incision towards visual‐only (VIS) examination. This study investigated whether a VIS examination was sufficient to detect tail damage compared to handling (HAND), which ensures examination of all aspects of the tail.MethodThe severity of tail skin damage (0 [undamaged] – 4 [partial/full loss of tail]) and presence/absence of bruises was scored using both methods after scalding/dehairing of 5498 pig carcasses.ResultsThere was a good relationship between methods when evaluating tail skin damage (sensitivity, 82.48%; specificity, 99.98%; accuracy, 98.98%; correlation ρ = 0.84). The results were similar for the presence of bruises (sensitivity, 74.98%; specificity, 99.09%; accuracy, 89.94%; correlation ρ = 0.79). However, the percentage of tails classified as undamaged was higher using VIS (69.9%) than HAND (63.55%) examination. Conversely, VIS detected fewer mild lesions (score 1 – 13.64%; score 2 – 11.73%) than HAND (score 1 – 15.21%; score 2 – 15.53%). A higher percentage of bruises was detected using HAND than VIS (37.96% vs. 29.03%).ConclusionsVisual evaluation is a valid alternative to handling evaluation of carcass tail damage and bruising.
Pediatric otorhinolaryngology surgeries for foreign bodies: A retrospective observational study in Tamale Teaching Hospital
Authors: Alhassan Abdul R. , Iddrisu Mahadi , Abdul‐Karim Nurudeen , Iddrisu Rhubamatu , Baba Mohammed A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis present study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and management of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) foreign body (FB) in the pediatric population of Tamale.Study DesignRetrospective observational study for otorhinolaryngology surgeries from 2019 to 2022 for children aged 17 years and below at Tamale Teaching Hospital.MethodsA checklist created was used to collect data from the Otorhinolaryngology Surgeries records from 2019 to 2022. Chi‐square and binary logistics regression analysis were done for associations. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐three cases were included in this study, and the mean age of the study participants was (4.3 ± 3.8) years with a minimum age of 1 month and a maximum age of 17 years. Most (65.4%) of the study participants were under‐5 years. The prevalence of FB in this study was 47.9%. The majority (54.8%) of the ENT FB incidence was through ingestion. Almost half (50.8%) of the ENT FB was removed through esophagoscopy. Among the foreign bodies, the coin was the most common (44.5%). Those less than 1 year were more likely to encounter FB than those 12 years and above (adust odds ratio [AOR] = 27.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.7–164.6). Again, those of 5 to less than 12 years were more likely to encounter ENT FB than those 12 years and above (AOR = 5.7, 95% CI = 1.2–26.3).ConclusionsForeign bodies are a common occurrence in pediatric otorhinolaryngology surgeries in Tamale Teaching Hospital. Younger children are more likely to report for otorhinolaryngology surgeries for FB in Tamale Teaching Hospital.
A semiempirical method optimized for modeling proteins
Authors: Stewart James J. P. , Stewart Anna C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Context
In recent years, semiempirical methods such as PM6, PM6-D3H4, and PM7 have been increasingly used for modeling proteins, in particular enzymes. These methods were designed for more general use, and consequently were not optimized for studying proteins. Because of this, various specific errors have been found that could potentially cast doubt on the validity of these methods for modeling phenomena of biochemical interest such as enzyme catalytic mechanisms and protein-ligand interactions. To correct these and other errors, a new method specifically designed for use in organic and biochemical modeling has been developed.

Methods
Two alterations were made to the procedures used in developing the earlier PMx methods. A minor change was made to the theoretical framework, which affected only the non-quantum theory interatomic interaction function, while the major change involved changing the training set for optimizing parameters, moving the focus to systems of biochemical significance. This involved both the selection of reference data and the weighting factors, i.e., the relative importance that the various data were given. As a result of this change of focus, the accuracy in prediction of heats of formation, hydrogen bonding, and geometric quantities relating to non-covalent interactions in proteins was improved significantly.
Latest advancements in the lubricant simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications
Authors: Concli Franco , Mastrone Marco N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnergy efficiency represents an important aspect of mechanical design. Despite their long history, gears still play a determinant role in several applications ranging from the automotive, to the aeronautical sectors. The more and more stringent regulations in terms of efficiency have encouraged the gearbox manufacturers to increase the investments to achieve more efficient designs leading to energy saving, reduction of pollutant emission and increased reliability related to the reduction of the operating temperatures. A decrease of the power losses allows also a downsize and a reduction of the weight of the system, with an increase in the power density and performances. Engineering tools allowing a comparison of different design solutions already during the design stage can pave the way to a real transition to a sustainable future. Most available models are based on empirical relations and dimensional analyses resulting to be accurate only as far as the geometry and operating conditions reflect the ones used to calibrate the models. With the developments in computational performances the research started to focus on numerical approaches. However, while most of the numerical approaches have been proved to be sufficiently accurate to capture the power losses of geared systems, the high computational effort required for their application to real gearboxes is still hurting with the industrial practice. Moreover, new phenomena related to new lubricant (e.g aeration, channeling, circulation) could be not captured/simulated with the standard available models. In this paper the latest advancements to overcome both the computational effort issue and the lack of specific models are shown with practical industrial case studies.
Habitat use across the tidal cycle by black-headed gulls breeding in the Wadden Sea
Authors: van Bemmelen Rob S. A. , Duijns Sjoerd , Govers Laura L. , Fijn Ruben C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMovements of birds foraging in intertidal areas are often strongly linked to the tidal cycle, as water levels determine where and when birds can forage. The strength of this link likely depends on the ability to forage in habitats other than intertidal areas and on constraints imposed by breeding duties. Few studies have focused on the use of intertidal areas by generalists, such as the black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus, that occupy a wide variety of habitats within and beside intertidal mudflats. We investigated to what degree black-headed gulls (1) use intertidal mudflats versus terrestrial habitats during different phases of the tidal cycle, (2) follow the tidal wave to exploit recently exposed mudflats and (3) whether these behaviours are influenced by central place foraging. For this, 11 black-headed gulls breeding on the Wadden Sea island Griend were tracked during two years using GPS loggers. When commuting to and from Griend, up to 75% of their time was spent in intertidal areas during low and incoming tide, which increased to 92% when not behaving as central place foragers. While their movements were strongly linked to the tidal cycle, they did not follow the tidal wave across the tidal basin during either period. Rather, individuals foraged either predominantly west or east of Griend during low and incoming tide and mostly remained visiting these areas when not behaving as central place foragers. As one of the most abundant species in the Wadden Sea, the extensive use of intertidal mudflats highlights the importance of black-headed gulls within the intertidal food web of the Wadden Sea.
A numerical procedure to estimate seismic fragility of cylindrical ground-supported steel silos containing granular-like material
Authors: Khalil Mohammad , Ruggieri Sergio , Tateo Vito , Nascimbene Roberto , Uva Giuseppina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe paper presents a study on the evaluation of seismic fragility of cylindrical ground-supported steel silos intended for storing solid material. Silos are a key facility in industrial processes. For example, cylindrical steel silos constitute the main structural component for several industrial activities, such as the ones aimed at the production of food and beverage, and seismic actions can cause high economic losses and long functionality interruptions. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to propose a numerical procedure aimed to assess the seismic fragility of different cylindrical steel silos, accounting for varying geometries and service conditions (i.e., filling level of granular-like material), and observing different failure modes. In detail, a set of smooth steel silos was selected, considering different geometrical configurations (i.e., varying from squattest to slenderest structures). Different service conditions were simulated, with the aim to observe the behaviour of empty and filled silos (30%, 60%, and 90% of filling degree with respect to the maximum capacity). For each configuration, a detailed numerical model was developed under proper boundary conditions, adequately simulating the shell structure, the solid material inside, and the interactions between them. After validating the numerical models against existing literature data, three different failure modes were identified and assessed, accounting for the most recurrent post-elastic buckling type (i.e., elephant foot) and considering the possible occurrence of the elastic ones (i.e., diamond or similar shape failures at the middle and top of the structures). Both static and dynamic analyses were performed to identify the most probable failure modes and evaluate the probability of exceeding each one. As the output of the proposed approach, the seismic performance of each silo under a specific limit state was provided in the form of fragility curves. The results highlight some novel aspects, starting from the role that service conditions assume in the silos seismic performance up to the possible differences in terms of failure modes for different silos geometrical structural configurations.
Characterization of oxidative stress-induced cgahp, a gene coding for alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, from industrial importance Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Si Meiru , Hu Mengdie , Yang Mingfei , Peng Zhaoxin , Li Donghan , Zhao Yuying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlkyl hydroperoxide reductase (Ahp), comprised of four different subunits AhpC, AhpD, AhpE, and AhpF, is a thiol-based antioxidative enzyme with the ability to protect bacteria against oxidative stress. Functionally, AhpC and AhpE considered as peroxidases directly detoxify peroxides, while AhpD and AhpF as oxidoreductases restore oxidized peroxidases to their reduced form. Corynebacterium glutamicum ncgl0877 encodes a putative Ahp with a unique Cys-Pro-Phe-Cys (C-P-G-C) active-site motif, similar with those of the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases such as thioredoxin (Trx), mycoredoxin-1 (Mrx1) and AhpD. However, its physiological and biochemical functions remain unknown in C. glutamicum. Here, we report that NCgl0877, designated CgAhp, is involved in the protection against organic peroxide (OP) stress. The cgahp-deleted strain is notably more sensitive to OP stress. The cgahp expression is controlled by a MarR-type transcriptional repressor OasR (organic peroxide- and antibiotic-sensing regulator). The physiological role of CgAhp in resistance to OP stresses is corroborated by its induced expression under stresses. Although CgAhp has a weak peroxidase activity toward OP, it mainly supports the OP-scavenging activity of the thiol-dependent peroxidase preferentially linked to the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd)/dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (SucB)/NADH system. The C-P-G-C motif of CgAhp is essential to maintain the reductase activity. In conclusion, our study identifies CgAhp, behaving like AhpD, as a key disulfide oxidoreductase involved in the oxidative stress tolerance and the functional electron donor for peroxidase.
Community Violence Exposure and Eating Disorder Symptoms among Belgian, Russian and US Adolescents: Cross-Country and Gender Perspectives
Authors: Isaksson Johan , Isaksson Martina , Stickley Andrew , Vermeiren Robert , Koposov Roman , Schwab-Stone Mary , Ruchkin Vladislav 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCommunity violence exposure (CVE) is one of the most common adverse childhood experiences worldwide. Despite this, its potential effect on disordered eating in adolescents from different cultures is underexplored. In the present cross-sectional study, self-reported data were collected from 9751 students (Mean age = 14.27) from Belgium, Russia and the US on CVE (witnessing violence and violence victimization), eating disorder (ED) symptoms (ED thoughts with associated compensatory behaviors), and comorbid symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety. Increased CVE (from no exposure to witnessing to victimization) was associated with more ED symptoms, and the associations remained significant after adjusting for comorbid conditions. The associations were similar for adolescents across the three countries. No gender differences were observed in the association between CVE and ED symptoms, even though girls in general reported more ED symptoms than boys. We conclude that CVE appears to be associated with ED symptoms in three culturally different samples of adolescents.
Effect of flipped classroom learning approach on mathematics achievement and interest among secondary school students
Authors: Egara Felix Oromena , Mosimege Mogege 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed at determining the effect of flipped classroom approach on mathematics achievement and interest of students. Given this, a quasi-experimental design was used, specifically non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The study’s population comprised six hundred and seventy-three seniors in class one (SS 1) from Igbo-Etiti Local Government Area in Enugu State. The study’s participants were a sample of 86 learners selected from two schools purposively. Each school had two SS 1 classes, divided into experimental and control groups via balloting. Data were gathered through the instrumentality of the Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) and Mathematics Interest Inventory (MII), which have reliability scores of 0.88 and 0.79, respectively. Prior to and following a six-week course of treatment, each group completed a pretest and posttest. SPSS, a statistical tool for social sciences, was applied to analyse the acquired data. The mean and standard deviation were utilised to report the study’s questions, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilised to evaluate the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Results established that learners taught mathematics utilising flipped classroom approach had higher mathematics achievement and interest scores than their peers taught using the conventional approach. Results also revealed that the achievement and interest scores of male and female learners who received mathematics instruction using flipped classroom approach were the same. Considering the findings, recommendations were given, among others, that mathematics teachers should use the flipped classroom approach to assist learners in boosting their achievement and interest in mathematics, especially in geometry.