bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential equipment and services for otolaryngology care: a proposal by the Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Initiative
Authors: Srinivasan Tarika , Cherches Alexander , Seguya Amina , Salano Valerie , Patterson Rolvix H. , Xu Mary Jue , Alkire Blake C. , Okerosi Samuel N. , Tamir Sharon Ovnat 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
To highlight the need for comprehensive resource lists to provide baseline care of otolaryngologic conditions; to present a proposed list of essential equipment and services that may be applied toward surgical systems research, policymaking, and charitable efforts in global otolaryngology-head and neck surgery.

Recent findings
To provide effective and high-quality surgical care across care settings, there must be a global standard for equipment and ancillary services necessary to provide baseline care. Though there have been efforts to devise resource standards via equipment lists and appraisal tools, these have been limited in scope to general surgery, emergency care, and a few other subspecialty surgical contexts. Recent efforts have brought attention to the significant burden imposed by otolaryngologic conditions such as hearing loss, otitis media, head and neck cancer, head and neck trauma, and upper airway foreign bodies. Yet, there has not been a comprehensive list of resources necessary to provide baseline care for common otolaryngologic conditions.

Summary
Through an internal survey of its members, the Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Initiative has compiled a list of essential equipment and services to provide baseline care of otolaryngologic conditions. Our efforts aimed to address common otolaryngologic conditions that have been previously identified as high-priority with respect to prevalence and burden of disease. This expert-driven list of essential resources functions as an initial framework to be adapted for internal quality assessment, implementation research, health policy development, and economic priority-setting.
Climate and Environmental Change
Authors: Chalupka Stephanie M. , Latter Angela , Trombley Janna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Climate and environmental changes have been described as the biggest global health threat of the 21st century, with the potential to cause immediate harm in early life with important lifelong effects, and important consequences for future generations. Pregnant women and children are increasingly being recognized as vulnerable populations in the context of climate change. The effects can be direct or indirect through heat stress, extreme weather events, and air pollution, potentially affecting both the immediate and long-term health of pregnant women and newborns through a broad range of mechanisms. Climate and environmental changes have wide-ranging effects on a woman's reproductive life including sexual maturation and fertility, pregnancy outcomes, lactation, breastfeeding, and menopause. A comprehensive overview of these impacts is presented as well as opportunities for interventions for nurses practicing in perinatal, neonatal, midwifery, and pediatric specialties.
A Suggested Mechanism for Green Discoloration of the Postmortem Brain
Authors: Shinkawa Norihiro , Takahashi Nobuyasu , Yano Kiyoko , Sawaguchi Akira , Sonoda Ai , Kakizaki Eiji , Yukawa Nobuhiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the putrefied brain, the cortex and basal ganglia show dark-grayish to green discoloration due to sulfhemoglobin formed from hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced by endogenous bacteria and hemoglobin. In this study, we propose and demonstrate another mechanism of green discoloration in the brain. The formalin-fixed brain of a cadaver donated for medical education with no putrefaction was used. Half of the brain was immersed in sodium hydrosulfide solution, to imitate the H2S produced by bacteria. This half showed greenish discoloration, mainly in the basal ganglia and cortex. The other half showed positive Perls' Prussian blue staining, mainly in the basal ganglia and cortex. The area of greenish discoloration due to H2S and the region positive for Perls' Prussian blue staining coincided. Tissue treatment with strong oxidizing agents is required to liberate heme iron. The positive Perls' Prussian blue staining in this study thus does not reflect heme iron. In conclusion, we considered that non–heme iron compounds physiologically present in the brain and H2S represent sources of putrefactive greenish discoloration in the brain.
The Role of Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessing Extrapulmonary Metastases in Osteosarcoma Staging and Restaging: A Pilot Study
Authors: Karaarslan Ercan , Alis Deniz , Basar Yeliz , Kumbasar Basak , Kalayci Cem Burak , Alpan Bugra , Ozger Harzem 
Published: March 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate the role of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing extrapulmonary metastases in primary osteosarcoma staging.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical data to identify primary osteosarcoma patients with available preoperative whole-body MRI obtained in the staging or restaging. Histopathology was the reference test for assessing the diagnostic performance, if available. Otherwise, oncology board decisions were used as the reference. In addition, the benefits of whole-body MRI to F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) and bone scintigraphy were investigated.

Results
In all, 36 patients with osteosarcoma (24 staging, 12 restaging) with a mean age of 16.36 ± 5.63 years (range, 9–29 years) were included in the study. The median follow-up duration was 26.61 months (interquartile range, 33.3 months). Of 36 patients, 8 had skeletal, 1 had a lymph node, and 1 had a subcutaneous metastasis. Whole-body MRI correctly identified all patients with metastatic disease but incorrectly classified a bone infarct in one patient as a skeletal metastasis, equating a scan-level sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of 100%, 96.3%, 97.3%, 100%, and 90.91%. Whole-body MRI contributed to bone scintigraphy by identifying a skeletal metastasis in one patient and positron emission tomography–computed tomography by ruling out a skeletal metastasis in another.

Conclusions
Whole-body MRI could accurately identify extrapulmonary metastases in primary osteosarcoma patients for staging or restaging. In addition, it might contribute to the standard whole-body imaging methods.
Can Supine Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging After a Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Provide Information for Supine Procedures?
Authors: Kuş Ceyda Civan , Güldoğan Nilgün , Yılmaz Ebru , Soyder Aykut , Arslan Aydan , Arıbal M. Erkin 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
The aim of the study is to compare prone with supine breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in terms of breast tumor location, size, shape, and tumor-to-tumor distances in multifocal lesions to improve image-based guidance for surgical planning.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 75 lesions in 50 patients with pathologically proven breast cancer who underwent MRI in prone and supine positions between December 2019 and December 2020. The transverse, anteroposterior, and craniocaudal dimensions (in millimeters) of the tumor in the x-, y-, and z-axes were measured. Distances from the center of the tumor to the chest wall and the adjacent skin were measured on transverse and reformatted sagittal images. In cases where multifocal lesions were present, the transverse, anteroposterior, and craniocaudal distances between the tumor centers in the x-, y-, and z-axes were measured. Differences between measurements in supine and prone MRI were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U and the Wilcoxon tests. P values of less than 0.05 were considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.

Results
The analysis revealed 31 MRIs with 1 and 20 with multifocal lesions. The x-axis dimension of the lesions in prone and supine positions did not significantly differ (P = 0.198) between the 2 positions. A significant difference in the y- and z-axes dimensions was observed between the prone and supine position (P = 0.00 for both). The distance from the tumor to the chest wall and the adjacent skin showed significant difference (P = 0.00 for both). For multifocal lesions, the distance between the lesions showed a significant difference on the y-axis (P = 0.00).

Conclusions
This study showed a significant difference in the tumor size, location, and tumor-to-tumor distances due to change of patient position, from the standard prone MRI to the supine position in the operating room, resulting in distortion, spatial repositioning, and convergence of the lesions. Supine MRI may be considered in providing a less extensive surgery.
Contrast Agent Selection to Prevent Recurrent Severe Hypersensitivity Reaction to Iodinated Contrast Media Based on Nationwide Database
Authors: Ahn Jhii-Hyun , Hong Seung-Phil , Go Tae-Hwa , Kim Hyunjung 
Published: March 2023

Objective
To investigate the incidence of severe iodinated contrast media (ICM)–related hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) and to find the optimal alternative ICM to reduce the risk of severe HSR recurrence.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 23,383,183 cases of ICM administration between January 2015 and December 2019 from the nationwide health insurance database. We classified ICMs based on generic profiles and the presence of N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) carbamoyl side chains. The incidence of severe and recurrent severe HSRs was calculated, and χ
2 tests were performed to compare the prevalence of severe HSR according to ICM groups. In addition, logistic regression analyses were used to assess differences between ICM groups.

Results
The incidence of severe HSRs was 1.92% (450,067 of 23,282,183). Among 1,875,245 individuals who received ICM twice on different days, severe HSR occurred in 40,850 individuals, and severe HSR recurred in 3319 individuals (8.12%). The risk of recurrence significantly decreased when the ICM changed (9.24% vs 7.08%, P < 0.001), especially when the ICM changed to one with a different side chain (6.74%, P < 0.001). In addition, compared with the reuse of the culprit agent, using combinations of iobitridol/iohexol (odds ratio [OR], 0.696; P = 0.04), iohexol/iopamidol (OR, 0.757; P = 0.007), iopamidol/iohexol (OR, 0.447; P < 0.001), and ioversol/iohexol (OR, 0.683; P = 0.04) reduced the risk of recurrence of severe HSR.

Conclusions
Changing the culprit ICM to that with a different side chain can reduce severe HSR recurrence. The optimal choice of an alternative ICM depends on the causative agent.
Effects of the Interruption Management Strategy “Stay S.A.F.E.” During Medication Administration
Authors: Vital Cidalia J. , Nathanson Brian H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study measured the impact of the Stay S.A.F.E. intervention on nursing students’ management of and response to interruptions during medication administration. Time to return to the primary task, performance (procedural failures and error rate), and perceived task load were evaluated.

Design
This experimental study used a randomized prospective trial.

Methods
Nursing students were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (the experimental group) received two educational PowerPoints: the Stay S.A.F.E. strategy and medication safety practices. Group 2 (the control group) received educational PowerPoint on medication safety practices. Nursing students participated in three simulations where they were interrupted during a simulated medication administration. Eye tracking of students’ eye movements determined focus, time to return to the primary task, performance including procedural failures and errors, and fixation time on the interrupter. The perceived task load was measured using the NASA Task Load Index.

Results
The intervention group, which was the Stay S.A.F.E. group, demonstrated a significant reduction in time away from task. There was a significant difference in perceived task load across the three simulations, including decreased frustration scores for this group as well. The control group members reported a higher mental demand, increased effort, and frustration.

Clinical Relevance
Rehabilitation units often hire new nursing graduates or individuals with little experience. For new graduates they have typically practiced their skills without interruptions. However, interruptions in performing care, particularly in medication management, occur frequently in real-world situations. Improving the education of nursing students related to interruption management has the potential to improve their transition to practice and patient care.

Conclusion
Students who received the Stay S.A.F.E. training, a strategy to manage interruptions in care, had decreasing frustration over time and spent more time on the task of medication administration.
Differences in the Osseous Ultrastructure in 2 Differing Etiologies of Eagle Syndrome. A Micro-CT Study
Authors: Heim Nils , Warwas Felix B. , Singer Lamia , Kramer Franz-Josef , Bourauel Christoph , Götz Werner 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
Eagle syndrome is a rare disease caused by an elongated styloid process (type I) or ossified stylohyoid ligament (type II) and causes a heterogeneous symptom complex, ranging from pain in the throat and neck to neurological symptoms and neurovascular entrapment. The 2 different types present differing shapes and ultrastructures and cause different symptoms. This study aimed to distinguish the 2 types by investigating the structures by micro–computed tomography.

Methods:
Micro–computed tomography was performed and evaluated in n=10 resected styloid processes from patients diagnosed with Eagle syndrome. The tissues were measured for their shape, ratio of soft tissue and bone amounts, bone volume, and ultrastructure, and compared within the groups.

Results:
The shapes of the different types were different and the ultrastructure differed between the 2 groups, with an absence of trabecular architecture in type II. The area of bone to nonbone tissues in type I samples was significantly higher compared with type II (P=0.007). Alike these results, the bone volume and bone-to-soft tissue ratio were significantly higher in type I compared with type II (P=0.009).

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that both the popular theories (hyperplasia and metaplasia) may be probable but each solely valid for 1 type of Eagle. Type I may derive from bone hyperplasia with cancellous bone formation and rather high bone density in the elongated styloid process. Type II most likely originates from ligament metaplasia into bone without a compact structure.
Advances in trauma care to save lives from traumatic injury: A narrative review
Authors: Schmitt Johan , Gurney Jennifer , Aries Philippe , Danguy Des Deserts Marc 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent advances on trauma management from the prehospital setting to in hospital care led to a better surviving severe trauma rate. Mortality from exsanguination remains the first preventable mortality. Damage-control resuscitation and surgery are evolving and thus some promising concepts are developing. Transfusion toolkit is brought on the prehospital scene while temporary bridge to hemostasis may be helpful. Panel transfusion products allow an individualized ratio assumed by fresh frozen or lyophilized plasma, fresh or cold-stored whole blood, fibrinogen, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrates. Growing interest is raising in whole blood transfusion, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta use, hybrid emergency room, viscoelastic hemostatic assays to improve patient outcomes. Microcirculation, traumatic endotheliopathy, organ failures and secondary immunosuppression are point out since late deaths are increasing and may deserve specific treatment.
As each trauma patient follows his own course over the following days after trauma, trauma management may be seen through successive, temporal, and individualized aims.
Evidence for some antimicrobial properties of English churchyard lichens.
Authors: Taylor J A , Fourie Toscane , Powell Mark , Chianella Iva 
Published: March 2023

The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria has driven the need for novel antibiotics. Our investigations have focussed on lichens as they naturally produce a wide range of unique and very effective defence chemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate some of the antimicrobial properties of ten common British churchyard lichens. The lichen material was sampled from 10 species, namely Caloplaca flavescens, Diploicia canescens, Cladonia fimbriata, Psilolechia lucida, Lecanora campestris subsp. Campestris, Lecanora sulphurea, Pertusaria amara f.amara, Lepraria incana, Porpidia tuberculosa and
Xanthoria calcicola. Crude acetone extracts of these lichens were tested against 6 bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonela typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and two fungi (Trichophyton interdigitale and Aspergillus flavus) by the disc diffusion susceptibility test method. Extracts of Diploicia canescens, Psilolechia lucida, Lecanora sulphurea,Pertusaria amara and Lepraria incana showed clear inhibition of the Gram- positive bacteria tested (S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, L. Plantarum). Diploicia canescens, Pertusaria amara and Lepraria incana extracts also inhibited the dermatophyte fungi tested. The Lepraria incana sample tested here was the only extract that showed activity against any of the Gram-negative bacteria tested; it showed inhibition of Pseudomnas aeruginosa. Overall, our results showed that crude extracts of Diploicia canescens and Pertusaria amara had the most potent antimicrobial activity of all the extracts tested. Our results are in general agreement with published findings elsewhere. The activity of the Porpidia tuberculosa margin sample being different from that of the main colony material was an interesting and new finding reported here for the first time.
Mental simulations and action language are impaired in individuals with aphantasia
Authors: Dupont W. , Papaxanthis C. , Lebon F. , Madden-Lombardi C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAction reading is thought to engage motor simulations, yielding modulations in activity of motor-related cortical regions, and contributing to action language comprehension. To test these ideas, we measured 1) corticospinal excitability during action reading, and 2) reading comprehension ability, in individuals with normal and impaired imagery (i.e., phantasia and aphantasia, respectively). Thirty-four participants (17 phantasic and 17 aphantasic) were asked to read manual action sentences. By means of transcranial magnetic stimulation, we triggered motor-evoked potentials (MEP) in the target right index finger. MEP amplitude, a marker of corticospinal excitability, increased during action reading relative to rest for phantasic individuals, but not for aphantasic individuals. This result provides neurophysiological evidence that individuals living with aphantasia present a real neurophysiological deficit in motor system engagement during action reading. Furthermore, deep-level reading comprehension ability was impaired in individuals with aphantasia, who had difficulty selecting words that best fit the context of sentences. Altogether, these findings support the idea that motor simulations, along with the activation within the motor system, contribute to action language comprehension.
Connectome dysfunction in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis and modulation by oxytocin
Authors: Davies Cathy , Martins Daniel , Dipasquale Ottavia , McCutcheon Robert A. , De Micheli Andrea , Ramella-Cravaro Valentina , Provenzani Umberto , Rutigliano Grazia , Cappucciati Marco , Oliver Dominic , Williams Steve , Zelaya Fernando , Allen Paul , Murguia Silvia , Taylor David , Shergill Sukhi , Morrison Paul , McGuire Philip , Paloyelis Yannis , Fusar-Poli Paolo 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTAbnormalities in functional brain networks (functional connectome) are increasingly implicated in people at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P). Intranasal oxytocin, a potential novel treatment for the CHR-P state, modulates network topology in healthy individuals. However, its connectomic effects in people at CHR-P remain unknown. Forty-seven men (30 CHR-P and 17 healthy controls) received acute challenges of both intranasal oxytocin 40 IU and placebo in two parallel randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over studies. Multi-echo resting-state fMRI data was acquired at approximately 1h post-dosing. Using a graph theoretical approach, the effects of group (CHR-P vs healthy control), treatment (oxytocin vs placebo) and respective interactions were tested on graph metrics describing the topology of the functional connectome. Group effects were observed in 12 regions (all pFDR<.05) most localised to the frontoparietal network. Treatment effects were found in 7 regions (all pFDR<.05) predominantly within the ventral attention network. Our major finding was that many effects of oxytocin on network topology differ across CHR-P and healthy individuals, with significant interaction effects observed in numerous subcortical regions strongly implicated in psychosis onset, such as the thalamus, pallidum and nucleus accumbens, and cortical regions which localised primarily to the default mode network (12 regions, all pFDR<.05). Our findings provide new insights on aberrant functional brain network organisation associated with psychosis risk and demonstrate, for the first time, that oxytocin modulates network topology in brain regions implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis in a clinical status (CHR-P vs healthy control) specific manner. Further profiling of the connectomic, clinical and cognitive effects of oxytocin in this population is warranted.