bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeking more robust early warning signals for climate tipping points: the Ratio of Spectra method (ROSA)
Authors: Clarke Joseph J , Huntingford Chris , Ritchie Paul D L , Cox Peter M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Potential tipping points in the Earth System present challenges for society and ecosystems, especially as the global warming thresholds at which these may be triggered remain uncertain. Fortunately, a theory of `critical slowing down' has been developed which could warn of approaching tipping points. Applications of this theory often implicitly assume stationary white-noise forcing, itself requiring a clean separation between forced trends and variability, which is especially difficult under contemporary climate change. This paper proposes a modified method to derive early warning signal in a system, such as the climate, which is forced by time correlated processes. The method looks at the Ratio of Spectra (ROSA) of a system state variable relative to a forcing variable. We demonstrate the ROSA method on an idealised forced dynamical system, before applying it to a particular challenging example from the Earth System: dieback of the Amazon rainforest. We show that ROSA identifies more examples of abrupt transitions in the Amazon than conventional early warning signals in state-of-the-art CMIP6 Earth System Models.
A framework to identify critical dynamics of water quality for diagnosing river basin ecosystem resilience and management
Authors: Li Zhuo , Wang Linlin , Lun Fei , Hu Qiyuan , Xu Yueqing , Sun Danfeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study proposed a novel framework to identify critical water quality dynamics as early warning signals for diagnosing changes in the resilience of river basin ecosystems. We established empirical linkages between the theoretical background of three resilience capacities (robustness, adaptability and transformability) and water quality dynamics. Then, the processes of resilience degradation and their risk transfer or accumulation have been identified based on the shifts among different states. The methods of time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis were integrated into this framework, aiming to identify gradual and transient responses of water quality and its periodic fluctuation characteristics at multiple temporal scales. The time-domain analysis methods obtained the trend, cumulative periodic fluctuation of water quality by extracting the key characteristic parameters from the time-series data. The wavelet transform methods were introduced into the frequency-domain analysis to reveal the water quality fluctuation patterns at specific temporal scales. We tested the proposed framework in a typical agriculture-intensive watershed in eastern China. The results showed that this framework can be effectively used to identify three resilience states of river basin ecosystems. The degraded resilience regions were mainly distributed in the downstream area, which was influenced by their specific land use/cover and different agricultural soil health conditions. Particularly, urban sewage discharge was the main cause of periodic fluctuation in water quality time series at multiple high-frequency scales. The theoretical background of resilience capacities was elaborated in non-equilibrium dynamics before resilience degradation. Thus, this novel framework could reveal the pollution processes and driving mechanisms in different river reaches, and it also can provide adaptive management suggestions according to resilience dynamics traits.
Assessing the co-benefits of urban greening coupled with rainwater harvesting management under current and future climates across USA cities
Authors: Zhang Ziyan , Dobson Barnaby , Moustakis Yiannis , Meili Naika , Mijic Ana , Butler Adrian , Athanasios Paschalis 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Globally, urban areas face multiple challenges owing to climate change. Urban greening (UG) is an excellent option for mitigating flood risk and excess urban heat. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems can cope with plant irrigation needs and urban water management. In this study, we investigated how UG and RWH work together to mitigate environmental risks. By incorporating a new RWH module into the urban ecohydrological model Urban Tethys-Chloris (UT&C), we tested different uses of intervention approaches for 28 cities in the USA, spanning a variety of climates, population densities, and urban landscapes. UT&C was forced by the latest generation convection-permitting climate model simulations of the current (2001–2011) and end-of-century (RCP8.5) climate. Our results showed that neither UG nor RWH, through the irrigation of vegetation, could significantly contribute to mitigating the expected strong increase in 2 m urban canyon temperatures under a high-emission scenario. RWH alone can sufficiently offset the intensifying surface flood risk, effectively enhance water saving, and support UG to sustain a strong urban carbon sink, especially in dry regions. However, in these regions, RWH cannot fully fulfill plant water needs, and additional measures to meet irrigation demand are required to maximize carbon sequestration by urban vegetation.
Conversion of cassava rhizome into efficient carbonaceous adsorbents for removal of dye in water
Authors: Phuriragpitikhon J , Pluamjai K , Fuangchoonuch W , Chuenchom L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The development of sustainable adsorbent materials for removing pollutants from water is of great interest for environmental remediation and human safety. This work presents the beneficial use of cassava rhizome (CR) to produce economical and efficient carbonaceous adsorbents for dye removal. CR derived activated carbons (AC) and magnetic AC were fabricated by one-pot hydrothermal carbonization in the presence of ZnCl2 and ZnCl2/FeCl3 respectively, followed by pyrolysis at 800 °C. Porosity tuning and degree of magnetization of as-prepared carbons were achieved by varying the amount of ZnCl2 and FeCl3 as an activating agent and source of magnetic particles respectively. The result indicated that the optimal condition to obtain ACs with a high SBET (1405 m2/g) and the largest mesopore volume (0.54 cm3/g) was using the weight ratio of ZnCl2 to CR of 3 (3AC). While, the magnetic mesoporous carbon with the highest SBET (554 m2/g) was yielded when addition of FeCl3 into the reaction mixture with a FeCl3 to ZnCl2 weight ratio of 1(3AC-1M). 3AC and 3AC-1M were tested as adsorbents to investigate the adsorption efficiency of methylene blue (MB) in water. The adsorption behavior of MB on 3AC and 3AC-1M were monolayer adsorption based on the Langmuir isotherm model with R2 of 0.9993 and 0.9953, respectively. 3AC showed the MB adsorption capacity of 274 mg/g which is comparable to that of commercial ACs. 3AC-1M that adsorbs MB with the maximum capacity of 102 mg/g, was separated from aqueous solution easily using an external magnet. This study demonstrates that the carbon precursors from biomass waste as CR can be conveniently converted into efficient carbonaceous adsorbents and functionalized for example by adding magnetic properties into the carbon structure to enable manipulations in industrial operations.
Synthesis and biodegradation of polymer blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and natural rubber
Authors: Chanasit Wankuson , Martla Mananya , Umsakul Kamontam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as an ideal choice of biomaterial for specific applications. In this study, PHA was synthesized and purified from Pseudomonas mendocina PSU. These obtained PHA was then determined its monomer composition and found that 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) was a major component, in addition, the molecular weight were also investigated. The average Mw was 8.39 ×104 when grown in MSM supplemented with glycerol whereas the melting temperature was 172 °C. To improve mechanical and biodegradation properties of PHB, blending with suitable well defined polymers such as natural rubbers (NR) has been performed by blending poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [(PHB)] with and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) using two different blending methods e.g. solvent blending and melting blending in a ratio of PHB to ENR of 70:30. The polymer blends were further investigated their biodegradation by soil burial test and rubber-degrading consortium. The results clearly showed that in soil burial test, the most rapid biodegradation was PHB from P. mendocina PSU which reached to 34.10%weight loss whereas the biodegradation of polymers by rubber-degrading bacteria, interestingly the highest percentages of weight loss about 13% was obtained in PHB-ENR blend films from melt blending followed by PHB-ENR blend films from solvent blending, NR, PHB from P. mendocina PSU and ENR, respectively. In addition, the physical changes in all tested samples were observed.
Pathways to sustain atolls under rising sea levels through land claim and island raising
Authors: Brown Sally , Nicholls Robert J , Bloodworth Alan , Bragg Oliver , Clauss Audrey , Field Stuart , Gibbons Laura , Pladaitė Milda , Szuplewski Malcolm , Watling James , Shareef Ali , Khaleel Zammath 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Low-lying atoll nations (e.g. the Maldives, Kiribati, Tuvalu, Marshall Islands) are highly vulnerable to climate change, especially sea-level rise (SLR). Stringent climate change mitigation will slow but not stop SLR, which will continue for centuries, mandating additional long-term adaptation. At the same time, urbanisation is concentrating population in a few centres, especially around capital islands which creates additional pressure as most atoll nations are ‘land-poor’. This paper demonstrates how structural adaptation using land claim and island raising can be utilised within an adaptation pathway approach to sustain enough islands and land area above rising sea levels to satisfy societal and economic needs over multiple centuries.
This approach is illustrated using the Maldives, especially around the capital and its environs (Greater Malé). Raising, expanding and connecting ‘urban’ islands can provide multiple benefits. Significant developments have already occurred in Greater Malé and further developments there and for other urban centres in the Maldives are expected. Migration to urban centres, especially Malé, is widespread and this adaptation approach assumes this trend continues, implying many other islands are depopulated or abandoned. Tourism is core to the Maldives economy and tourist islands require a different ambience to urban islands. They could be sustained with sympathetic soft engineering reinforcing the natural processes that produce atolls. While land advance and island raising provides a technical solution for SLR, any application must also address the additional policy, human, physical, engineering and economic/financial challenges that are raised. Nonetheless, by aligning adaptation through land advance/raising with existing development trends, atoll nations have the potential to persist and prosper for many centuries even as sea levels inevitably rise. This provides a realistic alternative to widespread assumptions about forced migration and ultimate national abandonment. The lessons here may find wider application to other small island settings and even mainland coasts.
Neuronal NLRP3 inflammasome mediates spreading depolarization-evoked trigeminovascular activation
Authors: Chen Pin-Yu , Yen Jiin-Cherng , Liu Tzu-Ting , Chen Szu-Ting , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Chen Shih-Pin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Spreading depolarization (SD), the underlying mechanism of migraine aura, may trigger the opening of the pannexin 1 (PANX1) pore to sustain the cortical neuroinflammatory cascades involved in the genesis of headache. Yet, the mechanism underlying SD-evoked neuroinflammation and trigeminovascular activation remains incompletely understood.
We characterized the identity of inflammasome activated following SD-evoked PANX1 opening. Pharmacological inhibitors targeting PANX1 or NLRP3 as well as genetic ablation of Nlrp3 and Il1b were applied to investigate the molecular mechanism of the downstream neuroinflammatory cascades. In addition, we examined whether SD-triggered microglial activation facilitates neuronal NLRP3-mediated inflammatory cascades. Pharmacological inhibition of toll-like receptors TLR2/4, the potential receptors of the damage-associated molecular pattern HMGB1, was further employed to interrogate the neuron-microglia interplay in SD-induced neuroinflammation.
We found that NLRP3 but not NLRP1 or NLRP2 inflammasome was activated following PANX1 opening after single or multiple SDs evoked by either KCl topical application or non-invasively with optogenetics. The SD-evoked NLRP3 inflammasome activation was observed exclusively in neurons but not microglia or astrocytes. Proximity ligation assay demonstrated that the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome occurred as early as 15 min after SD. Genetic ablation of Nlrp3 or Il1b or pharmacological inhibition of PANX1 or NLRP3 ameliorated SD-induced neuronal inflammation, middle meningeal artery dilatation, calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in trigeminal ganglion and c-Fos expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Moreover, multiple SDs induced microglial activation subsequent to neuronal NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which in turn orchestrated with neurons to mediate cortical neuroinflammation, as demonstrated by decreased neuronal inflammation after pharmacological inhibition of microglia activation or blockade of the TLR2/4 receptors.
To conclude, single or multiple SDs evoked activation of neuronal NLRP3 inflammasomes and its downstream inflammatory cascades to mediate cortical neuroinflammation and trigeminovascular activation. In the context of multiple SDs, the cortical inflammatory processes could be facilitated by SD-evoked microglia activation. These findings may implicate the potential role of innate immunity in migraine pathogenesis.
Copeptin improves prediction of treatment response in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Sailer Clara Odilia , Gaisl Odile , Beglinger Svetlana , Frech-Dörfler Martina , Sommer Vivienne , Lüthy Maya Horst , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveOne of the main medical treatment options for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) is the vasopressin analog desmopressin. But not all children respond to desmopressin treatment, and no reliable treatment predictor has yet been established. We hypothesize that plasma copeptin, a surrogate marker for vasopressin, can be used to predict treatment response to desmopressin in children with MNE.Design/MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we included 28 children with MNE. At baseline, we assessed the number of wet nights, morning, and evening plasma copeptin, and plasma sodium and started treatment with desmopressin (120 µg daily). Desmopressin was increased to 240 µg daily if clinically necessary. The primary endpoint was reduction in the number of wet nights following 12 weeks of treatment with desmopressin using plasma copeptin ratio (evening/morning copeptin) at baseline.ResultsEighteen children responded to desmopressin treatment at 12 weeks, while 9 did not. A copeptin ratio cutoff of 1.34 (sensitivity 55.56%, specificity 94.12%, area under the curve 70.6%, P = .07) was best at predicting treatment response, with a lower ratio indicating a better treatment response. In contrast, neither the number of wet nights at baseline (P = .15) nor serum sodium (P = .11) alone or in combination with plasma copeptin improved outcome prediction.ConclusionsOur results indicate that, of our investigated parameters, plasma copeptin ratio is the best predictor for treatment response in children with MNE. Plasma copeptin ratio could thus be useful to identify children with the highest benefit of desmopressin treatment and improve individualized treatment of MNE.
Clinical impact of right ventricular pacing burden in patients with post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement permanent pacemaker implantation
Authors: Tsushima Takahiro , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Palma Dallan Luis Augusto , Fares Anas , Yoon Sung-Han , Wheat Heather L , Attizzani Guilherme F , Baeza Cristian R , Pelletier Marc P , Arruda Mauricio S , Mackall Judith A , Thal Sergio G 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsPatients who undergo permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have a worse outcome. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of worse outcomes in patients with post-TAVR PPM implantation.Methods and resultsThis is a single-centre, retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent post-TAVR PPM implantation from 11 March 2011 to 9 November 2019. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by landmark analysis with cut-off at 1 year after the PPM implantation. Of the 1389 patients underwent TAVR during the study duration and a total of 110 patients were included in the final analysis. Right ventricular pacing burden (RVPB) ≥ 30% at 1 year was associated with a higher likelihood of heart failure (HF) readmission [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 6.333; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.417–28.311; P = 0.016] and composite endpoint of overall death and/or HF (aHR: 2.453; 95% CI: 1.040–5.786; P = 0.040). The RVPB ≥30% at 1 year was associated with higher atrial fibrillation burden (24.1 ± 40.6% vs. 1.2 ± 5.3%; P = 0.013) and a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (−5.0 ± 9.8% vs. + 1.1 ± 7.9%; P = 0.005). The predicting factors of the RVPB ≥30% at 1 year were the presence of RVPB ≥40% at 1 month and the valve implantation depth measured from non-coronary cusp ≥4.0 mm (aHR: 57.808; 95% CI: 12.489–267.584; P &lt; 0.001 and aHR: 6.817; 95% CI: 1.829–25.402; P = 0.004).ConclusionsThe RVPB ≥30% at 1 year was associated with worse outcomes. Clinical benefit of minimal RV pacing algorithms and biventricular pacing needs to be investigated.
Usefulness of delivery catheter on accurate right ventricular septal pacing: Mt FUJI trial
Authors: Naruse Yoshihisa , Sano Makoto , Kurebayashi Nobutake , Morikawa Shuji , Tsurumi Naoki , Shiozawa Tomoyuki , Takano Shintaro , Ogano Michio , Kimura Kei , Miyajima Keisuke , Sugiura Ryo , Henmi Ryuta , Muto Masahiro , Hosoya Natsuko , Hasebe Hideyuki , Mizukami Akira , Iguchi Keisuke , Atsumi Akiko , Odagiri Keiichi , Kiyama Yumi , Maekawa Yuichiro ,   the Mt FUJI trial investigators, Yoshinobu Kato , Hideki Saito , Daichi Isomura , Kazuki Ito , Ayako Okazaki , Yasuyo Takashima , Tomoyuki Watanabe , Yoshitaka Kawaguchi , Yasushi Wakabayashi , Yohei Takayama , Kohei Sawasaki , Jun Tanabe , Soushi Moriya , Go Ishikawa , Daigo Takahashi , Ryota Nishio , Kentaro Yasuda , Taketo Sonoda , Shoichiro Yatsu , Jun Shitara , Hideki Wada , Manabu Ogita , Satoru Suwa , Yumiko Joko , Takashi Ogane , Tomotaka Suzuki , Tomoya Iwawaki , Naoya Inoue , Tuyoshi Urushida , Masao Saotome , Hayato Ohtani , Kenichiro Suwa , Satoshi Mogi , Taro Narumi , Tomoaki Sakakibara , Yutaro Kaneko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsAlthough the delivery catheter system for pacemaker-lead implantation is a new alternative to the stylet system, no randomized controlled trial has addressed the difference in right ventricular (RV) lead placement accuracy to the septum between the stylet and the delivery catheter systems. This multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to prove the efficacy of the delivery catheter system for accurate delivery of RV lead to the septum.Methods and resultsIn this trial, 70 patients (mean age 78 ± 11 years; 30 men) with pacemaker indications of atrioventricular block were randomized to the delivery catheter or the stylet groups. Right ventricular lead tip positions were assessed using cardiac computed tomography within 4 weeks of pacemaker implantation. Lead tip positions were classified into RV septum, anterior/posterior edge of the RV septal wall, and RV free wall. The primary endpoint was the success rate of RV lead tip placement to the RV septum.ResultsRight ventricular leads were implanted as per allocation in all patients. The delivery catheter group had higher success rate of RV lead deployment to the septum (78 vs. 50%; P = 0.024) and narrower paced QRS width (130 ± 19 vs. 142 ± 15 ms P = 0.004) than those in the stylet group. However, there was no significant difference in procedure time [91 (IQR 68–119) vs. 85 (59–118) min; P = 0.488] or the incidence of RV lead dislodgment (0 vs. 3%; P = 0.486).ConclusionThe delivery catheter system can achieve a higher success rate of RV lead placement to the RV septum and narrower paced QRS width than the stylet system.Trial registration numberjRCTs042200014 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs042200014)
Single and cumulative exposure to psychosocial work conditions and mental health among young adults
Authors: de Groot Samira , Veldman Karin , Amick Benjamin C , Bültmann Ute 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe consequences of a single point-in-time compared to cumulative exposure to psychosocial work conditions (PWCs) for young adults’ mental health have received relatively little attention. This study investigates (i) the associations between single and cumulative exposure to adverse PWCs at ages 22 and 26 with mental health problems (MHPs) among young adults at age 29 and (ii) the effect of early life MHPs on MHPs at age 29.MethodsData were used from 362 participants in the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a Dutch prospective cohort study with 18-year follow-up. PWCs were assessed at ages 22 and 26 with the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Internalizing (i.e. depressive and somatic complaints, anxiety) and externalizing MHPs (i.e. aggressive and rule-breaking behaviour) were measured by the Youth/Adult Self-Report at ages 11, 13, 16, 19, 22 and 29. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between single and cumulative exposure to PWCs and MHPs.ResultsSingle exposure to high work demands at ages 22 or 26 and high-strain jobs at age 22 were associated with internalizing problems at age 29; the association attenuated after adjustment for early life internalizing problems but remained significant. No associations were found between cumulative exposures and internalizing problems. No associations were found between single or cumulative exposures to PWCs and externalizing problems at age 29.ConclusionsIn view of the mental health burden in working populations our findings call for early implementation of programmes targeting both work demands and MHPs to keep young adults working.