bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observational drift: a methodological research proposal for community prospecting in socio-educational services
Authors: Fabra-Fres Núria , Núñez Héctor , Janer-Hidalgo Àngela , Carrera-Fossas Eduard 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis article aims to describe the process of application of the technique of Observational Drift for prospection in three territories of Catalonia and to present recommendations for its application in research and socio-educational action with young people.Design/methodology/approachObservational Drift is a qualitative research technique that has proven effective as a practice for community prospection. The process of design and application in the pilot implementation of this technique is presented together with a reflection on the outcome.FindingsThe pilot implementation of the technique has made it possible, within the framework of the research project, to identify methodological recommendations such as the edition of an observation manual; the training of the research team; the identification of supporting computer applications and registration questionnaires. Records of youth dynamics have been obtained in the 3 communities studied: the town of Celrà, the western district of the city of Girona and the “Ciutat Vella” district of Barcelona, 3 environments of different sizes located in Catalonia, Spain.Practical implicationsObservational drift is a qualitative technique that shows, with methodological rigour, the observation of relational dynamics together with the relevant facilities and places, presenting a situational reality. The information obtained must be contrasted with other qualitative methodologies to be transferable. It is a methodological technique that requires a large team and a significant amount of work.Social implicationsThis technique provides the opportunity to carry out prospections, and introduce researchers and professionals to specific realities with a critical perspective. We recommend its use in qualitative research and socio-educational care to improve the design of socio-educational youth care programs and policies.Originality/valueThe use of this technique (Observational Drift) has been provided initial qualitative data to understand youth dynamics in three communities in Catalonia, Spain. This is interesting because helping research to improve community services addressing youth.
Single-step PA12/BN thermal conductive composite preparation using a corotating twin-screw 3D printing head based on material extrusion
Authors: Wang Peng Bo , Li Jia Qi , Yang Tao , Hu Jie Wei , Edeleva Mariya , Cardon Ludwig , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This paper aims to develop an innovative 3D printer based on material extrusion to expand applied material field and shorten the production cycle. The developed 3D printer can fabricate products directly using various powders, including polymers and fillers. In addition, the influence of extrusion on the orientation of thermal conductive filler is also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
To ensure the plasticizing effect and the mixing ability, the printing head is a conical twin-screw extruder, which have a smaller volume. PA12 and h-BN powders were selected for printing as matrix and filler, respectively. The properties of printing products were characterized.

Findings
The results show that the new printer can fabricate products directly using polymer powders because of the mixing ability of the twin-screw. The h-BN filler orient in the PA12 matrix and form thermal conduction paths due to the extrusion process, which make the printed samples have an anisotropic thermal conductivity.

Originality/value
The innovative 3D printer provides a method of printing products directly using powders, which can expand material field and shorten the production cycle. For composites, the extrusion process can make fillers orient in the matrix to fabricate products with anisotropic characteristics.
A 3D printed pressure sensor based on a bossed diaphragm with straight-annular grooves
Authors: Ping Mingda , Ji Xiangrui , Liu Yan , Wang Weidong 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
To supply temporary pressure testing devices with favorable performance for emergency environments, this paper aims to present a pressure sensor with a central boss and straight-annular grooves. The structural feature is modeled and optimized by neural network-based method, and the device prototype is fabricated by 3D printing techniques.

Design/methodology/approach
The study initially compares mechanical properties of the proposed structure with two conventional designs using finite element analysis. The impacts from structural dimensions on sensor performance are modeled using a Backpropagation neural network and optimized through genetic algorithms. The sensing diaphragm is fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing, while the piezoresistors and necessary interconnects are realized with screen printing techniques.

Findings
The experimental results demonstrate that the fabricated sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 2.8866 mV/kPa and a nonlinearity of 6.81% within the pressure range of 0–100 kPa. This performance is an improvement of 118% in sensitivity and a decrease of 54% in nonlinearity compared to flat diaphragm structure, highlighting the effectiveness of proposed diaphragm configuration.

Originality/value
This research offers a holistic methodology that encompasses the structural design, optimization and fabrication of pressure sensors. The proposed diaphragm and corresponding modelling method can provide a practical approach to enhance the measurement capabilities of pressure sensors. By leveraging SLA printing for diaphragm and screen printing for circuit, the prototype can be produced in a timely manner.
Metaverse in tourism: from virtual worlds to sustainable worlds
Authors: Hao Fei , Liu Shuxu , Zhang Chen , Chon Kaye Kye Sung 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the metaverse’s capability to foster sustainable tourism through word-of-mouth (WoM), by integrating embodied social presence theory with social identity theory. It aims to unveil how the interplay between metaverse technology and user attributes enhances tourists’ experiences and satisfaction, thereby promoting WoM for sustainable tourism practices.

Design/methodology/approach
A scenario-based survey research design was used, comprising a survey of 528 respondents. This study used structural equation modelling to analyse the data, focusing on the relationships between technological features, user attributes, social presence and their combined effect on promoting sustainable tourism through WoM.

Findings
Results indicate that the metaverse significantly enhances social presence and tourist satisfaction, which in turn, fosters WoM for sustainable tourism. Key factors include technological attributes (individuality, empathy, naturalness and immersion) and user attributes (prior experience and interest in sustainable practices), which collectively influence the propensity for sustainable WoM, also impacted by prosocial identity and subcultural identification.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating the metaverse’s potential in enhancing sustainable tourism promotion through innovative technological engagement. It offers practical insights for destination marketers and service providers on leveraging metaverse technology to engage a wider audience in sustainable tourism practices, marking a significant step towards integrating digital innovations with ecological sustainability efforts.
Responses to cold temperature determine clinal patterns of photosynthetic acclimation of a cosmopolitan grass genus and challenge the concept of quantifying phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Ren Linjing , Guo Xiao , Sorrell Brian K. , Eller Franziska , Brix Hans 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Climate warming and associated extreme temperature fluctuations result in rapid and pronounced changes in the biogeographical ranges of species. However, existing models that predict these climate‐driven range dynamics often fail to adequately account for the intricacies of local adaptation and individual specialization, treating species as having uniform responses without accounting for individual variability. This oversight highlights the need to enhance our understanding of the evolutionary implications of intraspecific and intrageneric variability, particularly with respect to photosynthetic acclimation of plants.

To explore how widespread plant species adapt to temperature variability, we used the cosmopolitan genus Phragmites as a model. We assessed the variance–covariance matrix of gene‐based traits to quantify genetic variability and examine correlations among traits associated with intraspecific photosynthetic acclimatization in a thermal gradient that includes low‐, moderate‐, and high‐temperature regimes.

Our findings revealed that gene‐based clinal variations, exemplified by increased robustness in plants from lower latitudes, were closely related to the latitudinal origins of genotypes and manifested more prominently in cooler environments. Furthermore, coordination of integrated physiological traits, aimed at preserving whole plant fitness, exhibits a heightened response under cold stress. We observed that plasticity in physiological traits did not increase with latitude in regions of high climatic seasonality, indicating a deviation from expected clinal plasticity patterns. This finding prompted a re‐evaluation of our understanding of phenotypic plasticity.

Our findings improved our understanding of the intrageneric variation in physiological acclimation strategies among widespread species, refining predictions of species responses, survival, and distribution amidst global climate change.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Habitat Quality and Water Availability Affect Genetic Connectivity of Platypus Across an Urban Landscape
Authors: Brunt Tamielle , Smith Annabel L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFreshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened globally. Understanding how environmental variables influence the gene flow of freshwater species can help identify landscape features requiring conservation management. We used landscape genetic resistance modelling to assess the influence of climate, topography and vegetation cover on genetic structure and gene flow in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in an urban region of south‐east Queensland, Australia. Thirty DNA samples were genotyped using the DArTseq platform, and data were filtered to produce a panel of 5478 neutral single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. We used fastSTRUCTURE, partial redundancy analysis and maximum likelihood analyses to understand platypus genetic structure and landscape influences on gene flow. Between one and three genetic clusters were detected using fastSTRUCTURE. Partial redundancy analysis identified Topographic Wetness Index and antecedent rainfall as driving genetic differentiation between samples. A maximum likelihood population effects model suggested gene flow was spatially structured by Normalised Difference Vegetation Index at a fine scale (100 m) and antecedent rainfall at a landscape scale (1 km). Thus, less vegetated areas appear to restrict the gene flow of platypus in urban systems. Rainfall, vegetation cover and topographic wetness are also important for maintaining platypus gene flow across landscapes. Our research recommends conservation management through restoration of water flow and riverine vegetation to help maintain platypus connectivity and increase gene flow among populations.
Using Patterns of Post‐Fire Plant Reproduction to Inform Minimum Fire Intervals for Conservation Management in a Fire‐Prone Woodland
Authors: Miller Russell G. , Enright Neal J. , Merritt David J. , Miller Ben P. , Fontaine Joseph B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe time interval between fires is a critical component of the fire regime that affects plant species persistence in fire‐prone ecosystems. Fire intervals that are too short or too long may not support regeneration from seed banks or resprouting. Fire intervals that support adequate regeneration may also vary with other factors such as climate, herbivory, and population structure. Using field data on flowering and canopy seed banks, we modelled post‐fire reproduction for woody fire‐killed (obligate seeding) and resprouting species under varying rainfall and herbivory along a 35‐year fire age chronosequence in Banksia woodlands in southwestern Australia. We found that fire‐killed species attained reproductive maturity rapidly after fire with predicted juvenile periods (time to 50% flowering) of 1.5–2.3 years for shrubs and 4 years for trees. Resprouting species had similar juvenile periods to fire‐killed species (1–3.5 years for resprouting shrubs, 4.4 years for resprouting trees). Reproduction varied with rainfall and herbivory with juvenile periods at least doubling under low rainfall or high herbivory for some species. Serotinous species produced cones (woody fruits containing seeds) shortly after flowering commenced, with some evidence of seed bank decline in the oldest sites. While reproduction was clearly correlated with time since fire, plant size was a much stronger predictor. Some species form multi‐cohort populations which can introduce large variation into post‐fire reproductive trajectories, and this should be considered when making decisions about fire intervals that may impact species persistence. This study provides critical information to assess fire interval‐related threats for Banksia woodlands and suggests that woody species of these woodlands are generally tolerant of a wide range of fire intervals. Only the slowest‐maturing, fire‐killed species (Banksia prionotes, Proteaceae) may require fire intervals > 10 years to reduce immaturity risk under the least favourable growing conditions, and this species often occurs in discrete patches in the landscape such that fire management can be tailored accordingly.
COLOFIT: Development and Internal‐External Validation of Models Using Age, Sex, Faecal Immunochemical and Blood Tests to Optimise Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer in Symptomatic Patients
Authors: Crooks C. J. , West J. , Jones J. , Hamilton W. , Bailey S. E. R. , Abel G. , Banerjea A. , Rees C. J. , Tamm A. , Nicholson B. D. , Benton S. C. , Hunt N. ,   COLOFIT Research Group, Humes D. J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United Kingdom and the second largest cause of cancer death.AimTo develop and validate a model using available information at the time of faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) in primary care to improve selection of symptomatic patients for CRC investigations.MethodsWe included all adults (≥ 18 years) referred to Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust between 2018 and 2022 with symptoms of suspected CRC who had a FIT. Predicted 1‐year CRC diagnosis were calculated, and externally validated, using Cox proportional hazards modelling with selected multiple fractional polynomial transformations for age, faecal haemoglobin concentration (f‐Hb) value, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelet count and sex.ResultsAt a CRC risk threshold of 0.6% (equivalent to f‐Hb = 10 μg Hb/g (μg/g)) overall performance of the validated model across age strata using Harrell's C index was ≥ 0.91% (overall C‐statistic 93%, 95% CI 92%–95%) with acceptable calibration. Using this model yields similar numbers of detected and missed cancers, but requires ~20% fewer investigations than a f‐Hb ≥ 10 μg/g strategy. For approximately 100,000 people per year with symptoms of suspected CRC, we predict it might save > 4500 colonoscopies with no evidence that more cancers would be missed if we used our model compared to using FIT f‐Hb ≥ 10 μg/g.ConclusionsIncluding age, sex, MCV, platelets and f‐Hb in a survival analysis model to predict the risk of CRC yields greater diagnostic utility than a simple binary cut off f‐Hb ≥ 10 μg/g.
Lethal Phenotype and Expansion of the Clinical Spectrum of Biallelic Loss of Function Variant in SENP7 Gene Unveiled by Whole Exome Sequencing
Authors: Saad Ahmed K. , Hassan Nagwa H. , Soliman Hala N. , Zaki Maha S. , Senousy Sameh M. , El‐dessouky Sara H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSUMOylation involves covalent attachment of small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) proteins to specific lysine residues on target proteins and regulates various aspects of their function. Sentrin‐specific proteases (SENPs) are key players in both the conjugation reaction of SUMO proteins to their targets and the subsequent deconjugation of SUMO‐conjugated substrates. Here, we provide the first comprehensive prenatal description of a lethal syndrome linked to a novel homozygous stop‐gain variant in SENP7 c.745C>T; p.(Arg249*) in a consanguineous Egyptian family with a history of three fetal deaths, all presenting with multiple congenital anomalies. Similar anomalies were observed through ultrasound assessment of the current fetus, including arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, CNS malformations, congenital heart disease, and renal anomalies. Singleton exome sequencing (ES) of fetal DNA revealed a SENP7 variant allele, which results in a premature termination codon, and the mutant mRNA is predicted to be degraded by nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD). This leads to impaired gene function, particularly disrupting SENP7's isopeptidase activity in deconjugating polySUMO chains. Our findings broaden the molecular spectrum of SENP7 variants and emphasize their essential role in the development of the nervous, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and renal systems. This study offers new insights into the genotype–phenotype correlations observed in lethal congenital contracture syndromes and severe embryological abnormalities.
Evaluation of the Usability of ChatGPT‐4 and Google Gemini in Patient Education About Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Becerik Çağrı , Yıldız Selçuk , Tepe Karaca Çiğdem , Toros Sema Zer 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) based chat robots are increasingly used by users for patient education about common diseases in the health field, as in every field. This study aims to evaluate and compare patient education materials on rhinosinusitis created by two frequently used chat robots, ChatGPT‐4 and Google Gemini.MethodOne hundred nine questions taken from patient information websites were divided into 4 different categories: general knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, surgery and complications, then asked to chat robots. The answers given were evaluated by two different expert otolaryngologists, and on questions where the scores were different, a third, more experienced otolaryngologist finalised the evaluation. Questions were scored from 1 to 4: (1) comprehensive/correct, (2) incomplete/partially correct, (3) accurate and inaccurate data, potentially misleading and (4) completely inaccurate/irrelevant.ResultsIn evaluating the answers given by ChatGPT‐4, all answers in the Diagnosis category were evaluated as comprehensive/correct. In the evaluation of the answers given by Google Gemini, the answers evaluated as completely inaccurate/irrelevant in the treatment category were found to be statistically significantly higher, and the answers evaluated as incomplete/partially correct in the surgery and complications category were found to be statistically significantly higher. In the comparison between the two chat robots, in the treatment category, ChatGPT‐4 had a higher correct evaluation rate than Google Gemini and was found to be statistically significant.ConclusionThe answers given by ChatGPT‐4 and Google Gemini chat robots regarding rhinosinusitis were evaluated as sufficient and informative.
Getting students to stick around: The effects of completing an introductory course on persistence for community college students
Authors: Gicheva Dora , Edmunds Julie , Hull Marie , Thrift Beth 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper studies the impacts of withdrawing from and failing an online course, relative to successful completion, on persistence for community college students. We leverage random assignment of students to instructors for identification. Withdrawing reduces the probability of persistence by about 20 percentage points, while the impact of failing is smaller and statistically indistinguishable from zero. Course withdrawals are highly correlated with institutional withdrawal, which is then linked to lower likelihood of returning the following semester. Our findings reinforce the importance of academic momentum: remaining in a course keeps students attached to college even if they earn a failing grade.
Exposure, sensitivity, or adaptive capacity? Reviewing assessments that use only two of three elements of climate change vulnerability
Authors: Hyman Amanda A. , Crone Erin R. , Benson Abigail , Dunham Jason , Lynch Abigail J. , Thompson Laura , Mims Meryl C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs climate change accelerates, understanding which species are most vulnerable and why they are vulnerable will be vital to inform conservation action. Climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are tools to assess species' responses to climate change, detect drivers of vulnerability, and inform conservation planning. CCVAs are commonly composed of three elements: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Incorporating all three elements can be challenging, and including only two of the three elements may be a more feasible approach in many systems. Although two‐element CCVA approaches have become more common, their utility and procedures remain poorly documented. We conducted a literature review to explore the scope, methods, and rationale of CCVAs that use a two‐element approach to assess vertebrate vulnerability. Despite the potential to expand CCVAs into understudied systems, two‐element assessments had similar geographic and taxonomic biases as those previously detected in CCVAs in general. Methods varied, yet we found that variables used in two‐element studies could be condensed into standardized categories to enhance comparability. Finally, limitations in data availability and computational resources were common rationales for using a two‐element approach. By clarifying the purposes, opportunities, and limitations of two‐element assessment, this review can aid in selecting appropriate methods for CCVAs.