bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the mass relation between supermassive black holes and dark matter halos across the cosmic time
Authors: Bansal Aryan , Ichiki Kiyotomo , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Matsuoka Yoshiki 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
A positive observational proof suggests that most galaxies contain a central supermassive black hole (SMBH) with mass in the range of 106 M⊙–1010 M⊙. It is suggested that the mass of SMBHs is proportionally related to that of the dark matter (DM) halo, even at z = 6. This implies that these SMBHs could coevolve with the host DM halos. Here, we investigate the mass evolution of SMBHs in a hierarchical structure formation by building halo merger trees using the extended Press–Schechter formalism. An SMBH with a mass that follows various power-law relations with the DM halo mass is assigned as an initial condition. Assuming that the mass growth of all black holes is due to mergers, we obtain the relation between SMBH and DM halo masses at the present epoch. By requiring that the mass of the SMBHs at z = 0 should not be greater than the currently observed SMBH-DM halo mass relation, a lower bound on the mass of the DM halo that can contain a SMBH can be imposed at z = 6 as Mlim &gt; 3.6 × 1010 M⊙ × (1.4 − n)2.3, where n is the power-law index of the SMBH-DM halo mass relation at z = 6. Because we only consider mergers for the mass evolution of SMBHs, this model is simplistic and should underestimate the mass of SMBHs relative to the mass of the DM halo at the present epoch. Our work aims to constrain the SMBH-DM mass relation at z = 6 and not build a new model to explain the observations
Efficient radial migration by giant molecular clouds in the first several hundred Myr after the stellar birth
Authors: Fujimoto Yusuke , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Baba Junichi 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Stars in the Galactic disc, including the Solar system, have deviated from their birth orbits and have experienced radial mixing and vertical heating. By performing hydrodynamical simulations of a galactic disc, we investigate how much tracer particles, which are initially located in the disc to mimic newborn stars and the thin and thick disc stars, are displaced from initial near-circular orbits by gravitational interactions with giant molecular clouds (GMCs). To exclude the influence of other perturbers that can change the stellar orbits, such as spiral arms and the bar, we use an axisymmetric form for the entire galactic potential. First, we investigate the time evolution of the radial and vertical velocity dispersion σR and σz by comparing them with a power-law relation of σ ∝ tβ. Although the exponents β decrease with time, they keep large values of 0.3 ∼ 0.6 for 1 Gyr, indicating fast and efficient disc heating. Next, we find that the efficient stellar scattering by GMCs also causes a change in angular momentum for each star and, therefore, radial migration. This effect is more pronounced in newborn stars than old disc stars; nearly 30 per cent of stars initially located on the galactic mid-plane move more than 1 kpc in the radial direction for 1 Gyr. The dynamical heating and radial migration drastically occur in the first several hundred Myr. As the amplitude of the vertical oscillation increases, the time spent in the galactic plane, where most GMCs are distributed, decreases, and the rate of an increase in the heating and migration slows down.
Alternative splicing analysis benchmark with DICAST
Authors: Fenn Amit , Tsoy Olga , Faro Tim , Rößler Fanny L M , Dietrich Alexander , Kersting Johannes , Louadi Zakaria , Lio Chit Tong , Völker Uwe , Baumbach Jan , Kacprowski Tim , List Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlternative splicing is a major contributor to transcriptome and proteome diversity in health and disease. A plethora of tools have been developed for studying alternative splicing in RNA-seq data. Previous benchmarks focused on isoform quantification and mapping. They neglected event detection tools, which arguably provide the most detailed insights into the alternative splicing process. DICAST offers a modular and extensible framework for analysing alternative splicing integrating eleven splice-aware mapping and eight event detection tools. We benchmark all tools extensively on simulated as well as whole blood RNA-seq data. STAR and HISAT2 demonstrated the best balance between performance and run time. The performance of event detection tools varies widely with no tool outperforming all others. DICAST allows researchers to employ a consensus approach to consider the most successful tools jointly for robust event detection. Furthermore, we propose the first reporting standard to unify existing formats and to guide future tool development.
RFcaller: a machine learning approach combined with read-level features to detect somatic mutations
Authors: Díaz-Navarro Ander , Bousquets-Muñoz Pablo , Nadeu Ferran , López-Tamargo Sara , Beà Silvia , Campo Elias , Puente Xose S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The cost reduction in sequencing and the extensive genomic characterization of a wide variety of cancers are expanding tumor sequencing to a wide number of research groups and the clinical practice. Although specific pipelines have been generated for the identification of somatic mutations, their results usually differ considerably, and a common approach is to use several callers to achieve a more reliable set of mutations. This procedure is computationally expensive and time-consuming, and it suffers from the same limitations in sensitivity and specificity as other approaches. Expert revision of mutant calls is therefore required to verify calls that might be used for clinical diagnosis. This step could take advantage of machine learning techniques, as they provide a useful approach to incorporate expert-reviewed information for the identification of somatic mutations. Here we present RFcaller, a pipeline based on machine learning algorithms, for the detection of somatic mutations in tumor–normal paired samples that does not require large computing resources. RFcaller shows high accuracy for the detection of substitutions and insertions/deletions from whole genome or exome data. It allows the detection of mutations in driver genes missed by other approaches, and has been validated by comparison to deep and Sanger sequencing.
GammaTile® (GT) as a brachytherapy platform for rapidly growing brain metastasis
Authors: Dharnipragada Rajiv , Ferreira Clara , Shah Rena , Reynolds Margaret , Dusenbery Kathryn , Chen Clark C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
A subset of brain metastasis (BM) shows rapid recurrence post-initial resection or aggressive tumor growth between interval scans. Here we provide a pilot experience in the treatment of these BM with GammaTile® (GT), a collagen tile-embedded Cesium 131 (131Cs) brachytherapy platform.

Methods
We identified ten consecutive patients (2019–2023) with BM that showed either (1) symptomatic recurrence while awaiting post-resection radiosurgery or (2) enlarged by &gt;25% of tumor volume on serial imaging and underwent surgical resection followed by GT placement. Procedural complication, 30-day readmission, local control, and overall survival were assessed.

Results
For this cohort of ten BM patients, 3 patients suffered tumor progression while awaiting radiosurgery and 7 showed &gt;25% tumor growth prior to surgery and GT placement. There were no procedural complications or 30-day mortality. All patients were discharged home, with a median hospital stay of 2 days (range: 1–9 days). 4/10 patients experienced symptomatic improvement while the remaining patients showed stable neurologic conditions. With a median follow-up of 186 days (6.2 months, range: 69–452 days), no local recurrence was detected. The median overall survival (mOS) for the newly diagnosed BM was 265 days from the time of GT placement. No patients suffered from adverse radiation effects.

Conclusion
Our pilot experience suggests that GT offers favorable local control and safety profile in patients suffering from brain metastases that exhibit aggressive growth patterns and support the future investigation of this treatment paradigm.
Deep vein thrombosis as thrombotic sequelae of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Osei Racheal , Ahmed Saad , Morrow David , Hamid Sarbast , Hawkins Peter , Mohan Mahalakshmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Administration of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) vaccination has recently been associated with rare, unusual cases of thrombotic events. We report a case of a 55-year-old woman who presented to hospital with headaches, petechial rashes and bruising—7 days after receiving her first vaccine dose. Blood tests showed low platelets, a markedly high d-dimer and positive anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies. Computed tomography (CT) of head and venogram showed features consistent with venous sinus thrombosis. She was immediately started on IV pooled immunoglobulin therapy, high-dose prednisolone and full anticoagulation. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging of head and venogram supported the initial CT findings, with features suggestive of a small-volume venous sinus thrombosis. Additionally, CT pulmonary angiogram revealed a right-sided segmental pulmonary embolism. Our case highlights the importance of increased awareness of this complication after covid vaccination and how searching for distal thrombotic events and liaison with tertiary centres influence clinical outcomes.
A successful management of refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura with Eltrombopag during pregnancy complicated with superimposed preeclampsia
Authors: Miyashita Dai , Sayama Seisuke , Iriyama Takayuki , Nakazaki Kumi , Toshimitsu Masatake , Seyama Takahiro , Kumasawa Keiichi , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Kurokawa Mineo , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, is approved for treating patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy.
We report a 32-years-old nulliparous Japanese woman with ITP and chronic hypertension who developed pulmonary edema due to superimposed preeclampsia at 27 weeks of gestation. She received therapy with corticosteroids, IVIg and Eltrombopag, but her platelet level was fluctuating and was difficult to achieve a well sustained response. A transient leukocytosis was noted but resolved by Eltrombopag dose reduction. Her pregnancy was complicated with preeclampsia with severe features required a prompt delivery. Although recent evidence supports the safety and efficacy of Eltrombopag use during pregnancy, unreported risks may underlie its use during pregnancy.
Acute febrile illness in a teenage female with history of Graves’ disease
Authors: Rushing Mark W , Rebolledo Michael A , Lahoti Amit , Alemzadeh Ramin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Thyroid storm is a rare, life-threatening condition that is usually precipitated by Graves’ disease in children and adolescents. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS C), which shares some features of Graves’ disease. We present a case of acute thyroid storm following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 16-year-old female with poorly controlled Graves’ disease. She initially presented to the emergency department for fever and palpitations. Initial laboratory results suggested thyroid storm, for which she was started on propranolol. She remained tachycardic with new gallop rhythm on exam. An echocardiogram demonstrated a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction and mild pulmonary hypertension. Her SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were positive. She was started on intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected MIS-C. She responded to combined treatment of thyroid storm and MIS-C. She was discharged home on propranolol, methimazole, cholestyramine and aspirin.
Social Power and the Movement System: Why and How Physical Therapists Might Influence the Upstream Currents of Health
Authors: Davenport Todd E , Griech Sean F , VanDeCarr Terri , Rethorn Zachary D , Magnusson Dawn M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Social determinants of health are an emerging focus within physical therapist practice, research, education, and advocacy as a necessary condition for movement system health disparities. Fundamental cause theory suggests that the sociopolitical environment sets the context for individuals’ socioeconomic positioning, which determines the availability of resources that are necessary for groups and individuals to maintain health. These resources include knowledge, money, power, prestige, and social connections. Yet, it is the hierarchical organization of society that dictates both the availability of socioeconomic resources and the ability of patients and clients to use those resources to promote and maintain movement system health. The presence of social hierarchies indicates the need for physical therapists to consider social power as a key determinant of movement system health. Consideration of social power in clinical initiatives and advocacy agendas would provide a framework for physical therapists to begin the dynamic, and often, adversarial process of breaking down social hierarchies and redistributing social power, rather than simply redistributing socioeconomic resources, in pursuit of societal transformation and community-building. This Perspective discusses social power as the fundamental driver of movement system health inequalities and explores the effects of social power on exposure, susceptibility, experience, and recovery related to movement system pathology—including the influence of social power on the ability of people to acquire socioeconomic resources and convert them to health-relevant resources. This perspective concludes with recommendations for physical therapists to identify and dismantle inequalities in social power through structural competency.
Longitudinal Relationship Between Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Function in a European Multicentric Population Older Than 50 Years
Authors: Haagsma Ariele B , Souza Dyego L B , Vasconcellos Graziella M , Olandoski Márcia , Jerez-Roig Javier , Baena Cristina P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the bidirectional association between handgrip strength (HGS) and cognitive performance in different cognitive functions in a European population and to evaluate the predictive validity of HGS for the risk of future cognitive impairment in aging individuals.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study conducted using data on individuals over 50 years of age from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). HGS measures and scores in numeracy, recall, and verbal fluency were repeated and analyzed biannually for 4 years and were used in generalized estimating equations to test the bidirectional association, categorized by sex.

Results
Of the 8236 individuals included, 55.73% were women with a mean age of 67.55 (standard deviation [SD] = 8.4) years and 44.27% were men with a mean age of 68.42 (SD = 7.7) years. HGS predicted cognitive decline in both sexes, except for numeracy in men, even after adjustments. The strongest association with HGS in women was in verbal fluency (β = .094; 95% CI = 0.039 to 0.151), whereas the strongest association with HGS in men was in delayed verbal recall (β = .095; 95% CI = 0.039 to 0.151). Conversely, the greatest cognitive predictor of HGS decline was verbal fluency in men (β = .796; 95% CI = 0.464 to 1.128), and in women (β = .801; 95% CI= 0.567 to 1.109).

Conclusion
There is a significant and bidirectional association between HGS and different cognitive functions in a European multicentric population. This bidirectional association differed between sexes.

Impact
Both men and women who presented with cognitive decline also showed early changes in their HGS measures, and vice versa, but there still were differences between the sexes. These findings reinforce that HGS may be a simple and inexpensive method to identify early signs of cognitive decline, and that studies and rehabilitation strategies should be more sex specific.
Modulation of polar auxin transport identifies the molecular determinants of source–sink carbon relationships and sink strength in poplar
Authors: Balasubramanian Vimal K , Rivas-Ubach Albert , Winkler Tanya , Mitchell Hugh , Moran James , Ahkami Amir H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSource-to-sink carbon (C) allocation driven by the sink strength, i.e., the ability of a sink organ to import C, plays a central role in tissue growth and biomass productivity. However, molecular drivers of sink strength have not been thoroughly characterized in trees. Auxin, as a major plant phytohormone, regulates the mobilization of photoassimilates in source tissues and elevates the translocation of carbohydrates toward sink organs, including roots. In this study, we used an ‘auxin-stimulated carbon sink’ approach to understand the molecular processes involved in the long-distance source–sink C allocation in poplar. Poplar cuttings were foliar sprayed with polar auxin transport modulators, including auxin enhancers (AE) (i.e., IBA and IAA) and auxin inhibitor (AI) (i.e., NPA), followed by a comprehensive analysis of leaf, stem and root tissues using biomass evaluation, phenotyping, C isotope labeling, metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches. Auxin modulators altered root dry weight and branching pattern, and AE increased photosynthetically fixed C allocation from leaf to root tissues. The transcriptome analysis identified highly expressed genes in root tissue under AE condition including transcripts encoding polygalacturonase and β-amylase that could increase the sink size and activity. Metabolic analyses showed a shift in overall metabolism including an altered relative abundance levels of galactinol, and an opposite trend in citrate levels in root tissue under AE and AI conditions. In conclusion, we postulate a model suggesting that the source–sink C relationships in poplar could be fueled by mobile sugar alcohols, starch metabolism-derived sugars and TCA-cycle intermediates as key molecular drivers of sink strength.
Marked variability in institutional deliveries and neonatal outcomes during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria
Authors: Ezenwa Beatrice N , Fajolu Iretiola B , Pius Simon , Ezeanosike Obumneme B , Iloh Kenechukwu , Umoru Dominic , Tongo Olukemi , Abdulkadir Isa , Okolo Angela A , Nabwera Helen M , Oleolo-Ayodeji Khadijah , Daniel Nelson , Abubakar Ismaela , Obu Chinwe , Onwe-Ogah Emeka , Daniyan Olapeju , Adeke Azuka , Nwegbu Obinna , Bisumang J D , Hassan Laila , Abdullahi Fatimah , Mohammad Aisha , Nasir Usman , Ezeaka Veronica Chinyere , Allen Stephen 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the interventions to mitigate its spread impacted access to healthcare, including hospital births and newborn care. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on newborn service utilization in Nigeria.

Methods
The records of women who delivered in hospitals and babies admitted to neonatal wards were retrospectively reviewed before (March 2019–February 2020) and during (March 2020–February 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in selected facilities in Nigeria.

Results
There was a nationwide reduction in institutional deliveries during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Nigeria, with 14 444 before and 11 723 during the lockdown—a decrease of 18.8%. The number of preterm admissions decreased during the lockdown period (30.6% during lockdown vs 32.6% pre-lockdown), but the percentage of outborn preterm admissions remained unchanged. Newborn admissions varied between zones with no consistent pattern. Although neonatal jaundice and prematurity remained the most common reasons for admission, severe perinatal asphyxia increased by nearly 50%. Neonatal mortality was significantly higher during the COVID-19 lockdown compared with pre-lockdown (110.6/1000 [11.1%] vs 91.4/1000 [9.1%], respectively; p=0.01). The odds of a newborn dying were about four times higher if delivered outside the facility during the lockdown (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 lockdown had markedly deleterious effects on healthcare seeking for deliveries and neonatal care that varied between zones with no consistent pattern.
Factors associated with mortality after snakebite envenoming in children: a scoping review
Authors: Guile Lucy , Lee Adrienne , Gutiérrez José María 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Snakebite envenoming is an important public health issue in many tropical and subtropical countries, where the burden of morbidity and mortality falls particularly on impoverished rural communities. Children are an especially vulnerable group. This scoping review provides an overview of the extent, type and content of peer-reviewed evidence regarding factors associated with mortality in snakebite-envenomed children. A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and the Global Index Medicus yielded 623 articles, of which 15 met the criteria for inclusion; 67% of studies were conducted in India, with the remaining studies taking place in Papua New Guinea, Morocco and The Gambia. There was a notable scarcity of eligible studies from sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America despite the high burden of envenoming in these regions. The risk factors for mortality that were identified by the greatest number of studies were younger patient age (n=4), delay in administration of antivenom (n=4) and acute kidney injury (n=3). Identification of poor prognostic factors can assist clinicians in making timely referrals to centres with paediatric critical care capability. Future research must address the lack of studies from key geographical regions so that evidence-based improvements to the care of this vulnerable group can be implemented.
Insufficient oxygen inhalation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation induces early changes in hemodynamics followed by late and unfavorable systemic responses in post‐cardiac arrest rats
Authors: Aoki Tomoaki , Wong Vanessa , Endo Yusuke , Hayashida Kei , Takegawa Ryosuke , Shoaib Muhammad , Miyara Santiago J. , Choudhary Rishabh C. , Yin Tai , Saeki Kota , Robson Simon C. , Becker Lance B. , Shinozaki Koichiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCardiac arrest (CA) and concomitant post‐CA syndrome lead to a lethal condition characterized by systemic ischemia–reperfusion injury. Oxygen (O2) supply during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the key to success in resuscitation, but sustained hyperoxia can produce toxic effects post CA. However, only few studies have investigated the optimal duration and dosage of O2 administration. Herein, we aimed to determine whether high concentrations of O2 at resuscitation are beneficial or harmful. After rats were resuscitated from the 10‐min asphyxia, mechanical ventilation was restarted at an FIO2 of 1.0 or 0.3. From 10 min after initiating CPR, FIO2 of both groups were maintained at 0.3. Bio‐physiological parameters including O2 consumption (VO2) and mRNA gene expression in multiple organs were evaluated. The FIO2 0.3 group decreased VO2, delayed the time required to achieve peak MAP, lowered ejection fraction (75.1 ± 3.3% and 59.0 ± 5.7% with FIO2 1.0 and 0.3, respectively; p < .05), and increased blood lactate levels (4.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L and 5.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L, respectively; p < .05) at 10 min after CPR. FIO2 0.3 group had significant increases in hypoxia‐inducible factor, inflammatory, and apoptosis‐related mRNA gene expression in the brain. Likewise, significant upregulations of hypoxia‐inducible factor and apoptosis‐related gene expression were observed in the FIO2 0.3 group in the heart and lungs. Insufficient O2 supplementation in the first 10 min of resuscitation could prolong ischemia, and may result in unfavorable biological responses 2 h after CA. Faster recovery from the impairment of O2 metabolism might contribute to the improvement of hemodynamics during the early post‐resuscitation phase; therefore, it may be reasonable to provide the maximum feasible O2 concentrations during CPR.