bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silica as a two-dimensional material for nano-electronics
Authors: Ferry David K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Modern microelectronics has transitioned from planar metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors to finFETs to nanowire FETs, and most recently to nanosheet (NS) FETs, in which the channel is composed of a group of gate-all-around thin layers of silicon or a substitute material. It has been suggested that some two-dimensional materials may be used to replace the silicon in these NS FETs. While such two-dimensional materials have been studied over the past couple of decades, they have questionable properties for this application. In fact, it is pointed out here that silica itself may be a more suitable material for use in NS transistors. The properties of silica are discussed, and comparisons with other materials are given. It is shown that silica has a number of advantageous properties for use as a NS, provided that more research can establish viable methods of controlling required dopants for active layers.
Analysis of dispersion characteristics in helically corrugated coaxial waveguides: a theoretical and comparative study
Authors: Lai Ying Xin , Yan An , Chen Cheng , Kuang Wei Chao , Wang Shan Jin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Helically corrugated waveguides are valuable for constructing high-performance gyrotron devices and high-power pulse compressors. This paper establishes a theoretical model to analyze the dispersion characteristics of helically corrugated coaxial waveguides, where the dispersion equations for solving the propagation constants of coupled eigenmodes, as well as the detailed coupling coefficients for various mode combinations are provided. On this foundation, the dispersion characteristics of corrugated coaxial waveguides featuring single and dual helical surfaces were systematically analyzed and compared with those of helically corrugated cylindrical waveguides in the context of pulse compression application. The findings reveal that helically corrugated coaxial waveguides operating in TEM mode require fewer auxiliary components, exhibit a wider frequency range of monotonically decreasing group velocity, and have a larger dynamic range of group velocity changes; notably, the dispersion performance of the waveguides with dual corrugated conductors can even be manipulated by varying the initial phase difference between the inner and outer helical corrugations. These advantages contribute to a reduction in compressor’s length, an increase in compression ratio and energy efficiency, and an enhancement in applicability.
Quantifying Lyman-α emissions from reionization fronts
Authors: Wilson Bayu , D'Aloisio Anson , Cain Christopher , Visbal Eli , Becker George D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
During reionization, intergalactic ionization fronts (I-fronts) are sources of Lyα
line radiation produced by collisional excitation of hydrogen atoms within the fronts. In
principle, detecting this emission could provide direct evidence for a reionizing intergalactic
medium (IGM). In this paper, we use a suite of high-resolution one-dimensional radiative transfer
simulations run on cosmological density fields to quantify the parameter space of I-front
Lyα emission. We find that the Lyα production efficiency — the ratio of emitted
Lyα flux to incident ionizing flux driving the front — depends mainly on the I-front speed
and the spectral index of the ionizing radiation. IGM density fluctuations on scales smaller than
the typical I-front width produce scatter in the efficiency, but they do not significantly boost
its mean value. The Lyα flux emitted by an I-front is largest if 3 conditions are met
simultaneously: (1) the incident ionizing flux is large; (2) the incident spectrum is hard,
consisting of more energetic photons; (3) the I-front is traveling through a cosmological
over-density, which causes it to propagate more slowly. We present a convenient parameterization
of the efficiency in terms of I-front speed and incident spectral index. We make these results
publicly available as an interpolation table and we provide a simple fitting function for a
representative ionizing background spectrum. Our results can be applied as a sub-grid model for
I-front Lyα emissions in reionization simulations with spatial and/or temporal resolutions
too coarse to resolve I-front structure. In a companion paper, we use our results to explore the
possibility of directly imaging Lyα emission around neutral islands during the last phases
of reionization.
The quasi-continuous exhaust regime in JET
Authors: Faitsch M. , Dunne M. , Lerche E. , Lomas P. , Balboa I. , Bilkova P. , Bohm P. , Kappatou A. , Kos D. , Labit B. , Menmuir S. , Sauter O. , Silburn S. , Solano E.R. , Sun H.J. , Tookey A. , Viezzer E. , Stroth U. ,   JET Contributors,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regime is a regime that is naturally type-I ELM-free. It combines the high density at the plasma edge needed for power exhaust with the high normalised energy confinement typical for H-mode operation. In the QCE regime large-scale ELMs are avoided and high-frequency, low-amplitude filaments are present leading to the name-giving quasi-continuous edge transport of particles and energy. This contribution reports that for the first time the QCE regime was successfully achieved in JET with a metal wall. Moreover, it was demonstrated in the recent JET deuterium-tritium campaign DTE3 that the regime is compatible with D–T operation. Porting the QCE regime to JET strongly benefited from the experimental and modelling efforts at the medium sized tokamaks ASDEX Upgrade and TCV. Using the physics picture developed from the ASDEX Upgrade experimental results, the route to the QCE regime in JET reported here is following closely the approach that was successful in ASDEX Upgrade. First, strong plasma shaping—large elongation and triangularity and the highly correlated closeness to double null—is developed. Second, sufficient fuelling to achieve high enough density at the pedestal foot, close to the separatrix, is applied. In addition, neon seeding proved to be very beneficial to avoid type-I ELMs when reducing the main ion fuelling.
Modeling and control of a sperm-inspired robot with helical propulsion
Authors: Deng Liangwei , Zhou Chao , Zhang Zhuoliang , Liao Xiaocun , Fan Junfeng , Wang Xiaofei , Zhang Jiaming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efficient propulsion has been a central focus of research in the field of biomimetic underwater vehicles. Compared to the prevalent fish-like reciprocating flapping propulsion mode, the sperm-like helical propulsion mode features higher efficiency and superior performance in high-viscosity environments. Based on the previously developed sperm-inspired robot, this paper focuses on its dynamic modeling and depth control research. The helical propulsion performance of the sperm-inspired robot is analyzed by resistance-theory-based force analysis, followed by the application of Kirchhoff rod theory to determine the helical waveform parameters. The dynamic model of the sperm-inspired robot is established using the Kirchhoff equation, and its validity is verified through experiments. To enhance the practical application capability of the sperm-inspired robot, this study develops an active disturbance rejection control depth controller for roll-spin coupling motion based on the constructed dynamics model. The effectiveness of the controller is thoroughly validated through a combination of simulation and experiment. Experimental results demonstrate the excellent depth control ability of the robot, with an average depth error controlled within 0.19 cm. This superior performance lays a foundation for the future application of our robot in underwater operations.
The time-dependent harmonic oscillator revisited
Authors: Fiore Gaetano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We point out a rather effective approach for solving the time-dependent harmonic oscillator

q
¨

=
−

ω
2

q

under various regularity assumptions. Where

ω
(
t
)

is C
1 this is reduced to Hamilton equation for the angle variable ψ alone (the action variable

I

is obtained by quadrature). The fixed point theorem for the integral equation equivalent to the generic Cauchy problem for

ψ
(
t
)

yields a sequence

{

ψ

(
h
)

}

h
∈

N

0

converging to ψ rather fast; if ω varies slowly or little, already

ψ

(
0
)

approximates ψ well for rather long time lapses. The discontinuities of ω, if any, determine those of

ψ
,

I

. The zeros of

q
,

q
˙

are investigated via Riccati equations. Our approach may simplify the study of: upper and lower bounds on the solutions; the stability of the trivial one; parametric resonance when

ω
(
t
)

is periodic; the adiabatic invariance of

I

; asymptotic expansions in a slow time parameter ɛ; time-dependent driven and damped parametric oscillators; etc.
Investigating the effect of incident intensity on single-junction GaAs PV cells conversion efficiency at different temperatures
Authors: Zhang Junyue , Wu Shunhua , Liu Jiachen , Huang Weizhou , Ling Lei , Meng Qingkai , Zhang Rui , Chen Lang , Zhang Jiachen , Wang Zhenfu , Li Te 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Laser Power Transmission is emerging as a highly promising method for wireless energy transfer, particularly for extending the operational endurance of small unmanned aerial vehicles and supporting the construction of space-based solar power stations. This study investigated the optimal operational parameters of single-junction gallium arsenide (GaAs) photovoltaic (PV) cells under laser diode irradiation to enhance the efficiency of LPT systems. A detailed theoretical analysis was conducted to examine the effects of incident light intensity and spot size on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of GaAs PV cells across different temperature ranges. Experimental results demonstrated that as the temperature decreases from 55 °C to 5 °C, the incident intensity required for the photovoltaic cells to achieve peak efficiency rises from 0.35 W cm−2 to 0.65 W cm−2. Consequently, higher incident intensities are necessary for optimal efficiency when PV cells operate at lower temperatures. The 2 cm photovoltaic cells can attain a conversion efficiency exceeding 50% only when exposed to a 2 cm incident light spot. Therefore, high efficiency in photovoltaic cells is attainable solely when the size of the incident light spot is as closely matched to the cell’s size as possible. Additionally, this study provides an in-depth discussion of factors limiting photoelectric conversion efficiency and the underlying mechanisms at various temperature conditions.
Enhanced glucose sensing via novel Ni-MOF hybrid structures: Advancements for non-enzymatic wearable glucose sensors
Authors: Soni Prachi , Singh Ujjwal , Agarwal Ajay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is an urgent need of perceptive flexible wearable sensors, for the continuous monitoring of the glucose particularly in a non-invasive way, to control the diabetes at early stages, We have conception of developing non-enzymatic glucose sensing for the detection purpose. Recently, nickel- based metal organic framework (Ni-MOF) has gained a significant importance as a sensing material for label-free, non-enzymatic glucose monitoring using electrochemical sensing techniques. This work, presents a novel state of the art hybridstructure of Ni-MOF consisting of stacked nanosheets embedded with porous nanopillars randomly providing large no. of active sites for the glucose detection. The hybrid structure indicate a close contact between the glucose and the active sites of Ni ions ensuring an efficient glucose sensing. As synthesized Ni-MOF was used for the potentiometric and amperometric electrochemical detection of the glucose using screen-printed electrode (SPE) which are suitable for flexible sensor applications. With SPE, Ni-MOF shows a wide detection range for glucose from 60 µM to 600 µM with the LOD of 0.28 µM and the sensitivity of 4462.03 µA mM-1 cm-2, which is extremely favourable for glucose detection in sweat and saliva of human. The as developed material has potential as a working electrode on the flexible substrate like polyethylene terephthalate (PET), for sensing glucose in sweat and saliva samples.
Humidity-controlled interactions and lifting of MoS2 on SiO2
Authors: Haartsen Sebastiaan , Wisman Jantinus , Zandvliet Harold J W , Bampoulis Pantelis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fabrication of 2D material devices under ambient conditions faces challenges from humidity-dependent interfacial interactions and doping effects due to intercalated water layers. This study explores adhesion and force dynamics for a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on silicon dioxide (SiO2) as a function of humidity, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). At low humidity (<10%RH), capillary forces dominate due to a liquid bridge forming between the AFM tip and sample. At intermediate humidity 40%RH, an additional water layer intercalates between the MoS2 and the SiO2 and the capillary force model alone is insufficient to describe the tip-sample interactions. Force-distance spectroscopy reveals additional force dynamics related to MoS2-lifting and dynamics in the intercalated water. Above 60%RH, water condenses on the MoS2 and the capillary interactions are reduced. Understanding and identifying these interactions is crucial for optimising deposition of 2D materials under humid conditions.
Pumped hydro energy storage to support 100% renewable energy
Authors: Blakers Andrew , Weber Timothy , Silalahi David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rapidly growing scale of solar photovoltaics and wind energy coupled with electrification of transport, heating and industry offers an affordable pathway for achieving deep decarbonization. Massive integration of variable solar photovoltaics and wind energy requires large-scale adoption of short (seconds-hours) and long (hours-days) duration energy storage. Currently, long-duration pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) accounts for about 95% of global energy storage for the electricity sector. This paper discusses the Global PHES Atlases developed by the Australian National University which identify 0.8 million off-river (closed-loop) PHES sites with a combined 86 million Gigawatt-hours of storage potential, which is about 3 years of current global electricity production. These Atlases show that most global jurisdictions have vast potential for low-cost PHES with small water and land requirements, and that do not require new dams on rivers. The low capital cost of premium PHES systems ($ per kilowatt-hour) is pointed out. Methods for creating shortlists of promising PHES sites from the Atlases for detailed investigation are developed.
Three-dimensional direct lithography of stable quantum dots in hybrid glass
Authors: Zhu Dezhi , Jiang Shangben , Wang Ying , Liu Dejun , Bao Weijia , Liu Liwei , Qu Junle , Wang Yiping , Liao Changrui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), as high-performance materials, play an essential role in contemporary industry, mainly due to their high photoluminescent quantum yield, wide absorption characteristics, and size-dependent light emission. It is essential to construct well-defined micro-/nano- structures using QDs as building blocks for micro-optic applications. However, the fabrication of stable QDs with designed functional structures has long been challenging. Here, we propose a strategy for three-dimensional direct lithography of desired QDs within a hybrid medium with specific protection properties. The acrylate-functionalized hybrid precursors enable local crosslinking through ultrafast laser-induced multiphoton absorption, achieving sub-100 nm resolution surpassing the diffraction limit. The printed micro-/nano- structures possess thermal stability up to 600 °C, which can be transformed to inorganic architectures with a volume shrinkage. Due to the encapsulated QDs within the densely silicon-oxygen molecular networks, the functional structures demonstrate good stability against ultraviolet irradiation, corrosive solutions, and elevated temperatures. Based on hybrid 3D nanolithography, bicolor multilayer micro-/nano- structures are manufactured for applications in 3D data storage and optical information encryption. This research presents an effective strategy for the fabrication of desired QD micro-/nano- structures, supporting the development of stable functional device applications.
Introduction: deepening cooperation, deepening mistrust
Authors: 6 Perri , Heims Eva 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Why do states commit resiliently to cooperating in multilateral regimes with other states, even while they may be preparing for war with those states? This is a large and urgent puzzle with contemporary relevance. After defining the puzzle, the chapter introduces the case to be examined in this book—Britain’s relationship with the international regime for telegraphy from the 1860s to 1914, when cooperation with Germany deepened even as war drew nearer. The book examines British commitment to cooperation with countries with which it was in tension or preparing for outright conflict through each of the three parts of the regime—the International Telegraph Union, the Submarine Cable Convention and the International Radiotelegraphy Conventions. It shows that this is a crucial case for any theory to explain. This first chapter describes the data and methods used.
The emergence of parallel integration, 1898–1911
Authors: 6 Perri , Heims Eva 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The third period began in the great climacteric of 1898–1899. A major transition took place in informal and formal institutional ordering of British government which made possible the emergence of parallel integrated buffering for civilian and security zones of policymaking generally and specifically for international telegraphy. It shaped policy on the cable routes to India, ideas of all-British imperial cable connections, plans for cable-cutting in wartime, British work in the ITU conferences, and especially in the debates about possible British withdrawal from the ITU in 1901–1902, which resulted in major clarification of how buffering was to work in telegraphy.
Comparing the explanatory power of alternative theories
Authors: 6 Perri , Heims Eva 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The explanatory power of the neo-Durkheimian institutional explanation is compared with those offered by alternative theories. First, the chapter briefly discusses alternative accounts used by historians. It then turns to five theories from international relations and policy process studies—neoclassical realism, liberal institutional integrative bargaining, ideas, regulatory capture, and bureaucratic politics. Each of these explanations is evaluated against five basic methodological virtues of social science explanations, namely, parsimony, generality, causality, fundamentality, and accuracy or the qualitative equivalent of close goodness of fit with the data. Summarizing the book’s empirical findings, the chapter presents an evaluation of all theories against these methodological virtues in a detailed table. This shows the neo-Durkheimian institutional explanation to be more convincing and to give a more satisfying trade-off among these virtues.
The neo-Durkheimian institutional explanation
Authors: 6 Perri , Heims Eva 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
After summarizing the neo-Durkheimian institutional explanation for simultaneous commitment to cooperation and conflict, and considering evidence for the hypotheses on international status, the chapter tabulates and displays graphically the transition in institutional ordering and buffering over the three sub-periods. The International Telegraph Union’s (the ITU’s) ‘offer’ to its members is examined. The chapter presents the book’s treatment of how the neo-Durkheimian explanation might be falsified. Possible objections that buffering might not have explained the outcome are answered by considering major states which did not join the ITU in this period. On this basis, the chapter presents the significance of the argument for international relations, understandings of state development, and for the study of more recent cases of commitment to international cooperation amidst deepening conflict.
Effects of anti-inflammatory agents on clinical outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials
Authors: Webster Emma R , Perkovic Adam , Neuen Brendon L , Tuttle Katherine R , Perkovic Vlado 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterised by chronic inflammation, which is strongly linked to risk of cardiovascular disease. Anti-inflammatory agents present a novel strategy to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in people with CKD, but their effects on clinical outcomes are uncertain.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory agents in CKD (PROSPERO CRD42021238755). Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched up to March 2023 for randomised controlled trials of anti-inflammatory agents in CKD with at least 100 patient-years follow up per treatment arm. The primary study outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events ([MACE], defined as myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, or cardiovascular death). Other outcomes included CKD progression, malignancy and infection.

Results
Nine trials of 12 042 participants and six different anti-inflammatory classes were identified. Overall, anti-inflammatory agents did not reduce the risk of MACE (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.81–1.24), although there was significant heterogeneity across studies (P-heterogeneity = 0.001; I2 = 72%). Anti-inflammatory agents did not have a clear effect on the composite kidney outcome (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.55–1.22), although there were few events and some trials suggested improvements in the rate of decline in kidney function. Infections were increased with anti-inflammatory agents compared with placebo (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 -1.82).

Conclusion
There is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of anti-inflammatory agents to reduce cardiovascular risk or CKD progression in people with CKD, and further dedicated studies in this population are warranted. The potential increased risk of infection with anti-inflammatory agents is an important consideration in the evaluation of these therapies in CKD.