bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐Solvent Engineering Contributing to Achieve High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Based on Anti‐Solvent Free Technology
Authors: Li Gu , Wang Zhen , Wang Yuqi , Yang Zhengchi , Dong Pengyu , Feng Yancong , Jiang Yue , Feng Shien‐Ping , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun‐Ming , Gao Jinwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pinhole‐free and defect‐less perovskite film is crucial for achieving high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which can be prepared by widely used anti‐solvent crystallization strategies. However, the involvement of anti‐solvent requires precise control and inevitably brings toxicity in fabrication procedures, which limits its large‐scale industrial application. In this work, a facile and effective co‐solvent engineering strategy is introduced to obtain high‐ quality perovskite film while avoiding the usage of anti‐solvent. The uniform and compact perovskite polycrystalline films have been fabricated through the addition of co‐solvent that owns strong coordination capacity with perovskite components , meanwhile possessing the weaker interaction with main solvent . With those strategies, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22% has been achieved with the optimal co‐solvent, N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and without usage of anti‐solvent. Subsequently, PSCs based on NMP show high repeatability and good shelf stability (80% PCE remains after storing in ambient condition for 30 days). Finally, the perovskite solar module (5 × 5 cm) with 7 subcells connects in series yielding champion PCE of 16.54%. This strategy provides a general guidance of co‐solvent selection for PSCs based on anti‐solvent free technology and promotes commercial application of PSCs.
Silurian freshwater arthropod from northwest China
Authors: Zong Ruiwen , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Liu Bingcai , Wang Yi , Yin Jiayi , Ma Juan , Xu Honghe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnimals breaking away from the sea was a revolutionary event in the evolution of life. Arthropods were the earliest metazoans to move onto land, and although a few Silurian freshwater and/or terrestrial arthropods have been found so far, these records are all from Laurussia. Here, we describe a new freshwater arthropod, Maldybulakia saierensis sp. nov., from the western Junggar, northwest China. Evidence from co‐occurring spores and body fossils of plants is presented in support of a Silurian (Pridoli) age for this new Maldybulakia species, alongside palaeosalinity data in support of our interpretation of it having lived in a freshwater environment. The discovery of this species brings forward the earliest appearance of the Maldybulakia, previously known from the Devonian of Kazakhstan and eastern Australia, to the late Silurian. It is the oldest body fossil record of a putatively freshwater arthropod outside Laurussia, and greatly expands their palaeogeographical distribution. In the middle and late Silurian, the discovery of freshwater arthropods on multiple plates/terranes, as well as their morphological diversity during this period, suggests that arthropods had left the marine environment by the early Silurian or even earlier.
The impact of system representation choices on architecting insights
Authors: Hennig Anthony , Szajnfarber Zoe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSystems engineers regularly rely on analysis of early design artifacts like system architecture representations to predict system performance, lifecycle costs, and development schedules, and to support design decision‐making. Recent recognition of challenges in this type of measurement has led to a heightened focus on developing better metrics. Less attention has been paid to the system representations upon which all subsequent analysis is performed. With this study, we demonstrate that choices about how to represent the system can explain variation in measurement, even holding metrics constant. This is important because most of these representation choices remain unarticulated in current practice. To do this, we conduct a controlled experiment where we experimentally manipulated the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) architecture representation of nine crowdsourced robotic arm designs and compared the value and relative ranks of their modularity and complexity. We found statistically significant changes in both value and rank, attributable to differences in choices in the system representation. The direction and magnitude of these changes also differed across modularity and complexity. In addition, some underlying designs seemed to be more robust to representation changes. This suggests an interaction between representation, design, and lifecycle properties. These results emphasize the importance of developing standard guidelines for how to represent system architectures and better documenting their use.
A genome‐wide analysis of the USDA Soybean Isoline Collection
Authors: Gilbert Erin , Merry Ryan , Campbell Benjamin W. , Stupar Robert M. , Lorenz Aaron J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe USDA Soybean Isoline Collection has been an invaluable resource for the soybean genetics and breeding community. This collection, established in 1972, consists of 611 near‐isogenic lines (NILs) carrying one or multiple genes conferring traits that had been determined to exhibit Mendelian inheritance. It has been used in multiple studies on the genetic basis, physiology, and agronomy of these qualitative traits. Here, we used publicly available genotype (SoySNP50K), phenotype, and pedigree data on this collection to characterize the isogenicity of the NILs and identify chromosomal positions of unmapped genes. A total of 368 NILs had at least 80% identity to their recurrent parent and, thus, were useful for what can be called introgression mapping. Both on‐target and off‐target introgressions were evaluated. The size of on‐target introgressions into individual NILs ranged from 61 kb to 8.4 Mb, whereas off‐target introgressions ranged from 2.6 kb to 54.8 Mb. The observed large off‐target introgressions indicated that some NILs carry introgressions nearly the size of an entire chromosome. By applying introgression mapping to genes that had never been mapped, we identified the likely chromosomal positions of six such genes: ab, im, lo, Np, pc, and Rpm. The size of mapping intervals was large in some cases (10.28 Mb for im) but small in others (0.21 Mb for Np). The results reported herein will provide future researchers with a resource to help select informative NILs for future studies, and provide a starting point to further fine map, and ultimately clone and functionally characterize these six soybean genes.
The Impact of Ecolabels and Green Taxes on Market Outcomes
Authors: Englander Gabriel , Stevens Andrew W. , Taylor Rebecca L. C. , Villas-Boas Sofia B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEcolabels and green taxes aim to achieve more sustainable market outcomes by affecting suppliers’ production and sales behaviour, consumers’ purchasing behaviour, or both. In this chapter, we present the economic rationale for how these approaches may impact suppliers and consumers in various settings and review recent published empirical research on the topic. We focus specifically on examples where ecolabels and green taxes have been used to protect oceans and fisheries by reducing plastic waste and reducing purchases of less sustainable seafood. We conclude by discussing other possible policy instruments and highlight important avenues for future work in pursuing more sustainable market outcomes.
Connected and automated transport in the socio-technical transition
Authors: Dangschat Jens S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlongside questions of ethics, legislation, safety, financing, environmental friendliness and climate protection, the development of connected and automated transport (CAT) is primarily discussed as a technological challenge in the context of broad and diverse digitalization. By contrast, the social impacts or even the societal embedding of the technics associated with CAT developments still play a vastly subordinate role in the contemporary scientific discourse surrounding CAT and are occasionally portrayed as being highly uncertain.
Prey choice and ingestion of microplastics by common shelducks and common eiders in the Wadden Sea World Heritage Site
Authors: Bange Andreas , Backes Anna , Garthe Stefan , Schwemmer Philipp 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTop predators such as coastal birds are essential components of marine food webs, and understanding their trophic interactions forms an essential basis of food web models. At the same time, the proportion of plastic debris in marine food webs has constantly increased while the degree of plastic ingestion by marine birds is still poorly known. In this study, the diets and microplastic uptakes in two numerous benthivorous bird species in the Wadden Sea were examined microscopically, i.e. the common eider (Sommateria mollissima) indicative for the subtidal and the common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) indicative for the intertidal area. Eiders (n = 42 carcasses; n = 120 faecal samples) mainly ingested common cockles (Cerastoderma edule). Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) ranged second and—same as the invasive razor clam (Ensis leei)—occurred more frequently than reflected by historic data. Proportions of gastropods, bristle worms and crustaceans were low. Shelducks (n = 20 carcasses; n = 98 faecal samples) fed mainly on small molluscs, especially C. edule, mud snails Peringia ulvae, and amphipods. Plastic debris was found in 92.9% of the stomachs and 74.2% of the faeces from eiders as well as in 95% of the stomachs and 85.7% of the faeces from shelducks. Filaments in shelduck prey remains were significantly larger, whereas there was no species-specific difference in abundance of filaments. Most plastic consisted of brightly coloured filaments ˂ 5 mm. These findings indicate regular uptake and excretion of plastic debris by coastal benthivorous seabirds, both in the subtidal and intertidal realm. The origin and mode of uptake of microplastics are discussed.
Fast and precise inference on diffusivity in interacting particle systems
Authors: Lindwall Gustav , Gerlee Philip 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParticle systems made up of interacting agents is a popular model used in a vast array of applications, not the least in biology where the agents can represent everything from single cells to animals in a herd. Usually, the particles are assumed to undergo some type of random movements, and a popular way to model this is by using Brownian motion. The magnitude of random motion is often quantified using mean squared displacement, which provides a simple estimate of the diffusion coefficient. However, this method often fails when data is sparse or interactions between agents frequent. In order to address this, we derive a conjugate relationship in the diffusion term for large interacting particle systems undergoing isotropic diffusion, giving us an efficient inference method. The method accurately accounts for emerging effects such as anomalous diffusion stemming from mechanical interactions. We apply our method to an agent-based model with a large number of interacting particles, and the results are contrasted with a naive mean square displacement-based approach. We find a significant improvement in performance when using the higher-order method over the naive approach. This method can be applied to any system where agents undergo Brownian motion and will lead to improved estimates of diffusion coefficients compared to existing methods.
Volume conductor: interactive visibility management for crowded volumes
Authors: Lesar Žiga , Alharbi Ruwayda , Bohak Ciril , Strnad Ondřej , Heinzl Christoph , Marolt Matija , Viola Ivan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a novel smart visibility system for visualizing crowded volumetric data containing many object instances. The presented approach allows users to form groups of objects through membership predicates and to individually control the visibility of the instances in each group. Unlike previous smart visibility approaches, our approach controls the visibility on a per-instance basis and decides which instances are displayed or hidden based on the membership predicates and the current view. Thus, cluttered and dense volumes that are notoriously difficult to explore effectively are automatically sparsified so that the essential information is extracted and presented to the user. The proposed system is generic and can be easily integrated into existing volume rendering applications and applied to many different domains. We demonstrate the use of the volume conductor for visualizing fiber-reinforced polymers and intracellular organelle structures.
Multi-omic analysis of the cardiac cellulome defines a vascular contribution to cardiac diastolic dysfunction in obese female mice
Authors: Dona Malathi S. I. , Hsu Ian , Meuth Alex I. , Brown Scott M. , Bailey Chastidy A. , Aragonez Christian G. , Russell Jacob J. , Krstevski Crisdion , Aroor Annayya R. , Chandrasekar Bysani , Martinez-Lemus Luis A. , DeMarco Vincent G. , Grisanti Laurel A. , Jaffe Iris Z. , Pinto Alexander R. , Bender Shawn B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is associated with cardiac dysfunction and predictive of cardiac mortality in obesity, especially in females. Clinical data further support that CMD associates with development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism may be more efficacious in obese female, versus male, HFpEF patients. Accordingly, we examined the impact of smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific MR deletion on obesity-associated coronary and cardiac diastolic dysfunction in female mice. Obesity was induced in female mice via western diet (WD) feeding alongside littermates fed standard diet. Global MR blockade with spironolactone prevented coronary and cardiac dysfunction in obese females and specific deletion of SMC-MR was sufficient to prevent obesity-associated coronary and cardiac diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac gene expression profiling suggested reduced cardiac inflammation in WD-fed mice with SMC-MR deletion independent of blood pressure, aortic stiffening, and cardiac hypertrophy. Further mechanistic studies utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing of non-cardiomyocyte cell populations revealed novel impacts of SMC-MR deletion on the cardiac cellulome in obese mice. Specifically, WD feeding induced inflammatory gene signatures in non-myocyte populations including B/T cells, macrophages, and endothelium as well as increased coronary VCAM-1 protein expression, independent of cardiac fibrosis, that was prevented by SMC-MR deletion. Further, SMC-MR deletion induced a basal reduction in cardiac mast cells and prevented WD-induced cardiac pro-inflammatory chemokine expression and leukocyte recruitment. These data reveal a central role for SMC-MR signaling in obesity-associated coronary and cardiac dysfunction, thus supporting the emerging paradigm of a vascular origin of cardiac dysfunction in obesity.
Continuous gap contact formulation based on the screened Poisson equation
Authors: Areias P. , Sukumar N. , Ambrósio J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce a PDE-based node-to-element contact formulation as an alternative to classical, purely geometrical formulations. It is challenging to devise solutions to nonsmooth contact problem with continuous gap using finite element discretizations. We herein achieve this objective by constructing an approximate distance function (ADF) to the boundaries of solid objects, and in doing so, also obtain universal uniqueness of contact detection. Unilateral constraints are implemented using a mixed model combining the screened Poisson equation and a force element, which has the topology of a continuum element containing an additional incident node. An ADF is obtained by solving the screened Poisson equation with constant essential boundary conditions and a variable transformation. The ADF does not explicitly depend on the number of objects and a single solution of the partial differential equation for this field uniquely defines the contact conditions for all incident points in the mesh. Having an ADF field to any obstacle circumvents the multiple target surfaces and avoids the specific data structures present in traditional contact-impact algorithms. We also relax the interpretation of the Lagrange multipliers as contact forces, and the Courant–Beltrami function is used with a mixed formulation producing the required differentiable result. We demonstrate the advantages of the new approach in two- and three-dimensional problems that are solved using Newton iterations. Simultaneous constraints for each incident point are considered.
Hyper-power series and generalized real analytic functions
Authors: Tiwari Diksha , Mukhammadiev Akbarali , Giordano Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article is a natural continuation of the paper Tiwari, D., Giordano, P., Hyperseries in the non-Archimedean ring of Colombeau generalized numbers in this journal. We study one variable hyper-power series by analyzing the notion of radius of convergence and proving classical results such as algebraic operations, composition and reciprocal of hyper-power series. We then define and study one variable generalized real analytic functions, considering their derivation, integration, a suitable formulation of the identity theorem and the characterization by local uniform upper bounds of derivatives. On the contrary with respect to the classical use of series in the theory of Colombeau real analytic functions, we can recover several classical examples in a non-infinitesimal set of convergence. The notion of generalized real analytic function reveals to be less rigid both with respect to the classical one and to Colombeau theory, e.g. including classical non-analytic smooth functions with flat points and several distributions such as the Dirac delta. On the other hand, each Colombeau real analytic function is also a generalized real analytic function.
Small errors imply large evaluation instabilities
Authors: Schaback Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNumerical analysts and scientists working in applications often observe that once they improve their techniques to get a better accuracy, some instability of the evaluation creeps in through the back door. This paper shows for a large class of numerical methods that such a Trade-off Principle between error and evaluation stability is unavoidable. It is an instance of a no free lunch theorem. Here, evaluation is the mathematical map that takes input data to output data. This is independent from the numerical routine that calculates the output. Therefore, evaluation stability is different from computational stability. The setting is confined to recovery of functions from data, but it includes solving differential equations by writing such methods as a recovery of functions under constraints imposed by differential operators and boundary values. The trade-off principle bounds the product of two terms from below. The first is related to errors, and the second turns out to be related to evaluation instability. Under certain conditions satisfied for splines and kernel-based interpolation, both can be minimized. Then the lower bound is attained, and the error term is the inverse of the instability term. As a byproduct, it is shown that Kansa’s Unsymmetric Collocation Method sacrifices accuracy for improved evaluation stability, when compared to symmetric collocation.
Reliability and Validity of the East Asia-Pacific Early Child Development Scales: A Longitudinal Validation Study in China
Authors: Rao Nirmala , Su Yufen , Chan Stephanie W. Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examined the test-retest reliability and predictive validity of the East Asia-Pacific Early Child Development Scales (EAP-ECDS) Short Form. In China, preschools typically provide children with educational activities in age-segregated classrooms – Kindergarten Level 1 (K1) (3 to 4 years), Kindergarten Level 2 (K2) (4 to 5 years), and Kindergarten Level 3 (K3) (5 to 6 years). A total of 709 children in K2 (Mage = 57.85 months, SD = 4.77) were randomly selected from 29 kindergartens in Shanghai municipality and Guizhou province of China. Children were assessed using the EAP-ECDS in K2 and K3. School readiness was assessed in K3, and literacy and mathematics achievement were assessed in Grade 2. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.73) indicated that the tool had good test-retest reliability across K2 and K3. Regarding predictive validity, K2 EAP-ECDS predicted K3 school readiness (β = 0.26), Grade 2 language and literacy (β = 0.18) and mathematics (β = 0.22) after adjusting for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and region. Findings support using the tool to measure the holistic development of preschool-aged children in China and the region.
The association between body fatness and mortality among breast cancer survivors: results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bonet Catalina , Crous-Bou Marta , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Gunter Marc J. , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B. , Fortner Renée T. , Antoniussen Christian S. , Dahm Christina C. , Mellemkjær Lene , Tjønneland Anne , Amiano Pilar , Ardanaz Eva , Colorado-Yohar Sandra M. , Rodriguez-Barranco Miguel , Tin Tin Sandar , Agnoli Claudia , Masala Giovanna , Panico Salvatore , Sacerdote Carlotta , May Anne M. , Borch Kristin Benjaminsen , Rylander Charlotta , Skeie Guri , Christakoudi Sofia , Aune Dagfinn , Weiderpass Elisabete , Dossus Laure , Riboli Elio , Agudo Antonio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvidence linking body fatness to breast cancer (BC) prognosis is limited. While it seems that excess adiposity is associated with poorer BC survival, there is uncertainty over whether weight changes reduce mortality. This study aimed to assess the association between body fatness and weight changes pre- and postdiagnosis and overall mortality and BC-specific mortality among BC survivors. Our study included 13,624 BC survivors from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, with a mean follow-up of 8.6 years after diagnosis. Anthropometric data were obtained at recruitment for all cases and at a second assessment during follow-up for a subsample. We measured general obesity using the body mass index (BMI), whereas waist circumference and A Body Shape Index were used as measures of abdominal obesity. The annual weight change was calculated for cases with two weight assessments. The association with overall mortality and BC-specific mortality were based on a multivariable Cox and Fine and Gray models, respectively. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal association. Five-unit higher BMI prediagnosis was associated with a 10% (95% confidence interval: 5–15%) increase in overall mortality and 7% (0–15%) increase in dying from BC. Women with abdominal obesity demonstrated a 23% (11–37%) increase in overall mortality, independent of the association of BMI. Results related to weight change postdiagnosis suggested a U-shaped relationship with BC-specific mortality, with higher risk associated with losing weight or gaining > 2% of the weight annually. MR analyses were consistent with the identified associations. Our results support the detrimental association of excess body fatness on the survival of women with BC. Substantial weight changes postdiagnosis may be associated with poorer survival.