bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dimorphos Boulder Swarm
Authors: Jewitt David , Kim Yoonyoung , Li Jing , Mutchler Max 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present deep Hubble Space Telescope images taken to examine the ejecta from the DART spacecraft impact into asteroid Dimorphos. The images reveal an extensive population of comoving boulders, the largest of which is ∼7 m in diameter (geometric albedo 0.15 assumed). Measurements of 37 boulders show a mean sky-plane velocity dispersion of 0.30 ± 0.03 m s−1, only slightly larger than the 0.24 m s−1 gravitational escape velocity from the Didymos–Dimorphos binary system. The total boulder mass, M

b
∼ 5 × 106 kg (density 2200 kg m−3 assumed), corresponds to about 0.1% of the mass of Dimorphos, and the boulders collectively carry about 3 × 10−5 of the kinetic energy delivered by the DART spacecraft impact. The sky-plane distribution of the boulders is asymmetric, consistent with impact into an inhomogeneous, likely rubble-pile, body. Surface boulder counts on Didymos show that the observed boulder swarm could be ejected from as little as 2% of the surface of Dimorphos (for example, a circular crater at the impact point about 50 m in diameter). The large, slow-moving boulders are potential targets to be investigated in situ by the upcoming ESA HERA mission.
Application of Genetic Marker for Diversity Assessment and Conserving of Plant Genetic Resource
Authors: Merga Wakuma , Getu Abukiya 
Published: July 2023

Several molecular marks have been used for various purposes since the beginning of contemporary molecular technology: Genetic resource characterization, core genetic resource collection, mapping, marker-assisted selection, and marker-assisted back crossing etc. The variety of all plant species, their genetic make-up, and the environments in which they dwell are considered to be components of biological diversity. Plant classification and identification can be done most quickly and simply using morphological examination. It has been established that molecular markers are effective instruments for evaluating genetic diversity in groups and individual individuals, as well as germplasm resources. To preserve biodiversity, more than just genetic testing and DNA polymorphism detection are needed. It examines significant issues regarding managing plant germplasm both ex situ and in situ in order to support decision-making. Significant progress has been made in recent years in mapping, tagging, and isolating many important genes for agriculture using molecular markers like (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms Simple Sequence Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism). Each marking technique has unique benefits, drawbacks, and applications. If one was aware of the presence of relevant traits, genes, and alleles one might make judgments on the extension of accessions and the preservation of seed stocks to meet an anticipated rise in demand for materials. By including genotypes with well-known and useful genes and alleles in the core collections, breeders can use them. Utilizing crop plant genetic resources will be simpler as a result, increasing their potential.
Intellectual Virtue Signaling
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Discussions of virtue signaling to date have focused exclusively on the signaling of the moral virtues. This article focuses on intellectual virtue signaling: the status-seeking advertising of supposed intellectual virtues. Intellectual virtue signaling takes distinctive forms. It is also far more likely to be harmful than moral virtue signaling, because it distracts attention from genuine expertise and gives contrarian opinions an undue prominence in public debate. The article provides a heuristic by which to identify possible instances of intellectual virtue signaling. When people with no relevant expertise rapidly move to offer their opinions on a wide range of topics as soon as these topics become fashionable or newsworthy, and especially when these opinions are contrarian, we should suspect them of intellectual virtue signaling.
Disiplin Hukuku Açısından “Yüz Kızartıcı ve Utanç Verici Hareketler”
Authors: MARAŞ ÇANKAYA Bilginur , DURKUN Zehra 
Published: July 2023

657 sayılı Devlet Memurları Kanunu’nun (DMK) 125’inci maddesinde devlet memurlarının yüz kızartıcı ve utanç verici hareketlerinin memuriyetten çıkarma cezasını gerektirdiği düzenlenmiş olmasına rağmen yüz kızartıcı ve utanç verici hareketlerin neler olduğu mezkûr Kanun kapsamında belirtilmemiştir. “Yüz kızartıcı suç” kavramına DMK dışındaki kanunlarda ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası’nın 76’ncı maddesinde tanımı yapılmaksızın bazı suçların tek tek sayılması suretiyle yer verilmiştir. Bu şekilde sayılarak belirtilen suçların toplumun ahlak değerlerini etkileyen suç tiplerinden olduğu açık olmakla birlikte aynı özellikte olduğu düşünülen “nüfuz ticareti”, “görevi kötüye kullanma” ya da toplumun vicdanına ve ahlakına daha çok tesir eden “çocuğun cinsel istismarı” gibi suçlarla ilgili kanun maddelerinde ve Anayasa’da yüz kızartıcı suç olarak açıkça yer verilmediği görülmektedir. Doktrinde ve yargı kararlarında ise yüz kızartıcı ve utanç verici hareketlerin neler olduğuna ilişkin farklı yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada DMK’ya göre kişinin memuriyetten çıkarılmasını gerektiren “memurluk sıfatı ile bağdaşmayacak nitelik ve derecede yüz kızartıcı ve utanç verici hareketler” ile ilgili olarak özel kanunlarda yapılan düzenlemelere ve doktrindeki görüşlere değinilecek olup bu kapsamda yargının da konuya yaklaşımı ele alınacaktır.
UNJUSTIFIED REAL MODEL OF CONCLUDING A CONTRACT FOR THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS
Authors: Ахмедов А.Я. 
Published: July 2023

Договор перевозки груза традиционно квалифицируется как реальный договор отечественными правоведами, однако выбор реальной модели заключения указанного договора не находит политико-правового подкрепления. Автор предлагает отказаться от использования реальной модели заключения договора перевозки груза, которая приводит к усложнению процедуры заключения договора, а также к неоправданному ограничению ответственности участников перевозочных отношений.
The contract for the carriage of goods is traditionally qualified as a real contract by domestic lawyers, however, the choice of a real model for concluding this contract does not find political support. The author proposes to abandon the use of a real model for concluding a contract for the carriage of goods, which leads to a complication of the procedure for concluding a contract, as well as to an unjustified limitation of the liability of participants in transportation relations.
LEGAL UNCERTAINTY OF RELATIONSHIP OF THE CONCEPTS OF INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEX, LINEAR FACILITY AND SINGLE REAL ESTATE COMPLEX IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR
Authors: Клец П.В. 
Published: July 2023

Статья посвящена рассмотрению соотношений правовых категорий таких объектов как производственно-технологический комплекс, линейные объекты и единый недвижимый комплекс. Отсутствие единства толкования указанных понятий вызывает у теоретиков, у кадастровых инженеров, а также у государственных регистраторов прав вопросы, связанные с осуществлением учетно-регистрационных действий при постановке таких объектов на кадастровый учет, их разделе и эксплуатации. В результате правового анализа автором предложено уточнение формулировки наименований линейных объектов, с включением этой коррективы в гражданское законодательство.
the article is devoted to the consideration of the correlation of legal categories of such objects as a production and technological complex, linear objects and a single real estate complex. The lack of unity in the interpretation of these concepts causes theorists, cadastral engineers, as well as state registrars of rights to have questions related to the implementation of accounting and registration actions when putting such objects on cadastral registration, their division and operation. As a result of the legal analysis, the author proposes a clarification of the wording of the names of linear objects, with the inclusion of this amendment in civil law.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF AIRCRAFT IN THE CONTEXT OF SANCTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Гаймалеева А.Т. 
Published: July 2023

Статья посвящена проблемам правового положения воздушных судов как объектов недвижимого имущества. В статье проводится анализ предложений законодателя об исключении воздушных судов из состава недвижимого имущества, а также обосновывается важность государственной регистрации воздушных судов. Также автором исследуются актуальные вопросы санкций в отношении воздушных судов, таких как проблема «двойной регистрации», погашения записей о залоге, возникшие в период с 24 февраля 2022 года и российское законодательство, принятое для разрешения указанных вопросов.
The article is devoted to the problems of the legal status of aircraft as objects of immovable property. The article analyzes the proposals of the legislator on the exclusion of aircraft from real estate, and also substantiates the importance of state registration of aircraft. The author also examines topical issues of sanctions against aircraft, such as the problem of "double registration", repayment of pledge records that arose in the period from February 24, 2022 and Russian legislation adopted to resolve these issues.
The Slowly Boiling Frog: External State Actors and 21st Century HemisphericChallenges
Authors: Bump Nathan D. 
Published: July 2023

External State Actor (ESA) influence will fuel a variety of Hemispheric challenges in the 21st century. These non-Hemispheric nations vary in approach yet can negatively contribute to issues requiring Hemispheric responses to threats like Transnational Organized Crime (TOC), disinformation challenges, and harmful economic activities. Nevertheless, the Hemisphere cannot create strategies designed to cease all ESA participation. Rather, a comprehensive understanding of where Hemispheric nations must press for better ESA behavior from countries such as Iran, Russia, and China while seeking new ways to increase integration of positive ESA influences to reduce the likelihood of traditional interstate conflicts will be key. All this while minimizing the effects of ever-present Multi-Dimensional Security (MDS) threats and challenges as global economic uncertainties persist that will likely have outsized, negative impacts on various regions of the world.
Adaptive coherent weighted averaging algorithm for enhancement of photoacoustic tomography images of brain
Authors: Manwar Rayyan , Li Xin , Kratkiewicz Karl , Zhu Dongxiao , Avanaki Kamran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne common method to improve the low signal‐to‐noise ratio of the photoacoustic (PA) signal generated from weak absorbers or absorbers located in deep tissue is to acquire signal multiple times from the same region and perform averaging. However, pulse‐to‐pulse laser fluctuations together with differences in the beam profile of the pulses create undeterministic multiple scattering processes in the tissue. This phenomenon consequently induces a spatiotemporal displacement in the PA signal samples which in turn deteriorates the effectiveness of signal averaging. Here, we present an adaptive coherent weighted averaging algorithm to adjust the locations and values of PA signal samples for more efficient signal averaging. The proposed method is evaluated in a linear array‐based PA imaging setup of ex vivo sheep brain.
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have more oral health problems and higher costs of professional dental care than healthy controls: The Periodontitis Prevalence in ulcerative Colitis and Crohn disease (PPCC) case‐control study
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Burisch Johan , Pandis Nikolaos , Klinge Björn , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the frequency and impact of oral lesions and professional dental care costs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (i.e., Crohn disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC]) compared to matched controls).MethodsIBD patients and matched controls were surveyed on general anamnestic information, eating and drinking habits, and oral health‐ and dental care‐related questions; IBD patients were additionally surveyed on oral lesions. Problems related to oral lesions and the amount of money spent for professional dental care in the past 12 months were defined as primary outcome parameters.ResultsAnswers from 1108 IBD patients and 3429 controls were analyzed. About 30% of the patients indicated having had problems with oral lesions, with CD patients having 46% higher odds and having them more often in a generalized form compared to UC patients. Further, self‐reported severe periodontitis increased the odds of having oral lesions by almost 2.3‐times. However, only about 12.5% of IBD patients were informed by their physician about oral lesions and about 10% indicated receiving treatment for them. Compared to controls, IBD patients required more often dental treatment and spent more money; specifically, UC and CD patients had 27 and 89% higher odds, respectively, for having spent ≥3000 DKK (ca. 440 USD) at the dentist compared to controls.ConclusionsIBD patients have more often oral health problems and higher expenses for professional dental care compared to matched controls. This included problems with IBD‐related oral lesions, but these are rarely addressed by the medical or dental team.
Endotracheal tube forces exerted on the larynx and a novel support device to reduce it
Authors: Vahabzadeh‐Hagh Andrew M. , Marsh‐Armstrong Brennan P. , Patel Shiv H. , Lindenmuth Luke , Feng Zeyu , Gong Rufu , Lin Yun‐An , Pierce Taylor , Loh Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveEndotracheal tubes (ETTs) are commonly associated with laryngeal injury that may be short lasting and temporary or more severe and life altering. Injury is believed to result from forces that these ETTs exert on the larynx. Here we quantify the forces of ETTs of various sizes on the laryngotracheal complex to gain a more quantitative understanding of these potential damaging forces. Here we also perform preclinical testing of a novel support device to offload these forces.MethodsEndotracheal intubation was performed on a fresh human cadaver using various ETT sizes. A strain‐sensitive graphene nanosheet sensor and a commercially available force sensing resistor were secured behind the larynx, anterior to the prevertebral fascia. The forces exerted on the larynx were measured for each of the commonly used ETTs. A novel support device, ETT clip (Endo Clip), was attached to the ETTs and changes in these forces were observed.ResultsForces exerted on the laryngotracheal complex by various ETTs were observed to increase with increasing tube size. This pressure can be significantly reduced with a novel ETT clip.ConclusionHere we demonstrate the first quantitative measurement of forces that ETTs exert on the larynx. We demonstrate a novel device that can easily clip onto an ETT reducing pressure on the laryngotracheal complex. This preclinical test paves the way for a human clinical trial.Level of evidence5.
Prediction of relative change in free nerve growth factor following subcutaneous administration of tanezumab, a novel monoclonal antibody to nerve growth factor
Authors: Shoji Satoshi , Suzuki Akiyuki , Nouri Parya , Cai Chun‐Hua , Gaitonde Puneet , Marshall Scott 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTanezumab is a monoclonal antibody against nerve growth factor (NGF). We investigated tanezumab pharmacokinetic (PK)‐NGF relationships and predicted the extent of systemic free NGF suppression with target‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD) modeling using data from three pivotal phase III interventional studies (NCT02697773, NCT02709486, and NCT02528188) in patients with osteoarthritis. Patients received tanezumab 2.5 mg or 5 mg every 8 weeks (q8w) subcutaneously. A TMDD model using a previously established population PK model was used to describe plasma tanezumab and serum total NGF concentration data, and simulations were performed to predict “unobserved” free NGF versus time profiles and dose–response relationships for free NGF. A total of 2992 patients had available data for plasma tanezumab or serum total NGF concentrations and were included in the analysis; 706 of these had data for both tanezumab and total NGF concentrations. The model generally performed well to predict observed total NGF concentrations up to ~24 weeks after each dose. Simulations suggested free NGF concentration would be suppressed by ~75% (median) near the peak of tanezumab concentration and by less than 5% (median) around the trough tanezumab concentration with a tanezumab 2.5 mg q8w regimen. Free NGF concentration was predicted to return to baseline level at ~8 weeks (95% prediction interval: 5–16 weeks) after the last tanezumab dose. This model adequately described plasma tanezumab and serum total NGF concentrations following s.c. administration of tanezumab 2.5 or 5 mg q8w, allowed prediction of relative change in systemic free NGF following s.c. administration of tanezumab.
Skeletal muscle fiber hypercontraction induced by Bothrops asper myotoxic phospholipases A2 ex vivo does not involve a direct action on the contractile apparatus
Authors: López-Dávila Alfredo Jesús , Weber Natalie , Nayak Arnab , Fritz Leon , Moustafa Kian Rami , Gand Luis Vincens , Wehry Enke , Kraft Theresia , Thum Thomas , Fernández Julián , Gutiérrez José María , Lomonte Bruno 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMyonecrosis is a frequent clinical manifestation of envenomings by Viperidae snakes, mainly caused by the toxic actions of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzymes and sPLA2-like homologs on skeletal muscle fibers. A hallmark of the necrotic process induced by these myotoxins is the rapid appearance of hypercontracted muscle fibers, attributed to the massive influx of Ca2+ resulting from cell membrane damage. However, the possibility of myotoxins having, in addition, a direct effect on the contractile machinery of skeletal muscle fibers when internalized has not been investigated. This question is here addressed by using an ex vivo model of single-skinned muscle fibers, which lack membranes but retain an intact contractile apparatus. Rabbit psoas skinned fibers were exposed to two types of myotoxins of Bothrops asper venom: Mt-I, a catalytically active Asp49 sPLA2 enzyme, and Mt-II, a Lys49 sPLA2-like protein devoid of phospholipolytic activity. Neither of these myotoxins affected the main parameters of force development in striated muscle sarcomeres of the skinned fibers. Moreover, no microscopical alterations were evidenced after their exposure to Mt-I or Mt-II. In contrast to the lack of effects on skinned muscle fibers, both myotoxins induced a strong hypercontraction in myotubes differentiated from murine C2C12 myoblasts, with drastic morphological alterations that reproduce those described in myonecrotic tissue in vivo. As neither Mt-I nor Mt-II showed direct effects upon the contractile apparatus of skinned fibers, it is concluded that the mechanism of hypercontraction triggered by both myotoxins in patients involves indirect effects, i.e., the large cytosolic Ca2+ increase after sarcolemma permeabilization.
Global Divergence in the De-routinization of Jobs
Authors: Lewandowski Piotr , Park Albert , Schotte Simone 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We establish new stylized facts about the global evolution and distribution of routine and non-routine work, relaxing the common assumption that occupations are identical globally. We combine survey data and regression models to predict the country-specific routine-task intensity of occupations in 87 countries employing over 2.5 billion workers, equivalent to 75 per cent of global employment. From 2000 to 2017, the shift away from routine work was much slower in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries, widening gaps in the nature of work. Low- and middle-income countries remained the dominant provider of routine work. Not accounting for differences in occupation-specific job tasks across countries leads to a significant overestimation of the role of non-routine tasks in less developed countries.
Persistent Problems with the Conceptualization, Measurement, and Study of “Left-Wing Authoritarianism”
Authors: Saunders Benjamin A. , Jost John T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Authoritarianism—measured in multiple ways—is correlated positively with conservative-rightism (and negatively with liberal-leftism) throughout the non-communist world. Nevertheless, the search for left-wing authoritarianism (LWA) in the West continues unabated, with several researchers claiming triumphantly that they have discovered what has been referred to as the Loch Ness monster: an authoritarian syndrome among leftists in North America. The authors administered two LWA scales (Van Hiel-LWA and Conway-LWA) to two US samples (total N = 897) along with other political and psychological variables. They conclude that the Van Hiel-LWA scale gauges authoritarianism but not leftism, whereas the Conway-LWA scale gauges leftist attitudes (especially suspicion of the religious right) but not authoritarianism. They also reanalyzed previously reported data and found that Republicans were as likely as or more likely than Democrats to endorse the most extreme items on this scale.
The Color of Civics
Authors: Nelsen Matthew D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This book explores how to forge more empowering and equitable spaces for civic learning by centering the agency and lived experiences of marginalized groups. It reimagines the role of education in preparing all kids for democratic participation, highlights a crucial point of political socialization, and provides actionable advice for policymakers hoping to equalize democratic opportunities for young people in the United States. The book makes four primary claims. First, it argues that traditional civic education courses have not lived up to their promise to foster democratic capacity, especially for marginalized students. In response, it presents a new approach to civic education that aims to foster political empowerment by centering critical categories of knowledge—those that highlight the agency and grassroots political action of marginalized groups—and historically grounded conversations about politics. Second, it demonstrates that such an approach to civic education increases rates of intended political participation among young people of color and heightens political empathy among white youth. Third, it highlights the agency of teachers in processes of socialization, exploring how their attitudes and lived experiences drive the creation and implementation of more empowering civic learning environments. Fourth, it argues that teachers and students—those who spend the most time in social studies classrooms—should drive initiatives to revitalize civic education. These insights should inform the work of policymakers looking to make civic education more empowering for young people throughout the United States.
Explosiveness: Territories of war and technoscientific practices in Colombia
Authors: Pardo Pedraza Diana , Morales Fontanilla Julia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLa Serranía de la Macarena has been a crucial scenario in the Colombian war. In this region, the army and FARC‐EP guerrillas widely deployed aerial bombardment and improvised landmines to control the territory and contain their adversaries. This article is a collaborative ethnographic exploration of retazos—snippets of material‐discursive practices we collected in our fieldworks: a demining project and a state morgue. What can explosive military technologies and their aftermath tell us about the place of war in Colombia? Through two ethnographic retazos, we account of how forensic workers and mine‐removal experts engage with the material traces of explosives and produce bodies and landscapes as territories of war. We reflect on these topographies through the concept of explosiveness. Understood as a tendency, a condition, and a field of forces, explosiveness offers a distinct point of entry to reflect on the material and affective aftermath of landmines and bombs.