bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Attention Is Not Attuned to Non-Human Animal Targets’ Pathogenicity: An Evolutionary Mismatch Perspective
Authors: Rengiiyiler Sezer , Teközel Mert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A considerable amount of research has revealed that there exists an evolutionary mismatch between ancestral environments and conditions following the rise of agriculture regarding the contact between humans and animal reservoirs of infectious diseases. Based on this evolutionary mismatch framework, we examined whether visual attention exhibits adaptive attunement toward animal targets’ pathogenicity. Consistent with our predictions, faces bearing heuristic infection cues held attention to a greater extent than did animal vectors of zoonotic infectious diseases. Moreover, the results indicated that attention showed a specialized vigilance toward processing facial cues connoting the presence of infectious diseases, whereas it was allocated comparably between animal disease vectors and disease-irrelevant animals. On the other hand, the pathogen salience manipulation employed to amplify the participants’ contextual-level anti-pathogen motives did not moderate the selective allocation of attentional resources. The fact that visual attention seems poorly equipped to detect and encode animals’ zoonotic transmission risk supports the idea that our evolved disease avoidance mechanisms might have limited effectiveness in combating global outbreaks originating from zoonotic emerging infectious diseases.
On the Possibilities and Constraints of Studying the Ethnic Makeup of the Population Using Census Data from the Principality and Kingdom of Serbia: the Case of Eastern Serbia
Authors: Knežević Aleksandar 
Published: July 2023

Since the first half of the nineteenth century, various census data have been collected regarding the ethnic characteristics of the Serbian population, although the data are incomplete and collected irregularly. The ten censuses conducted in the Principality of Serbia between 1833 and 1874 have immense archival value, but their usefulness for ethno-demographic studies is limited. Similarly, while the statistics collected in the censuses of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1874 to 1910 are somewhat more reliable than the previous ones, they suffer from the absence of a direct question on ethnicity.
To determine the ethnic structure of the population during this time period, a researcher had to rely on an indirect approach through the identification of ethnic groups based on their linguistic affiliation. However, it is important to note that this method only provides an approximate estimation of ethnic composition. Despite this limitation, available census data can still provide valuable insights into the ethnic composition of the population of the Principality and Kingdom of Serbia, with the number and share of the Vlach population as the most numerous ethnic minority taking centre stage. This means that any data analyses must begin with the understanding that the indicators can only be presented for the Romanian-speaking population.
If we accept the indirect approach to determining population ethnicity, we can deduce from the data that the number of Vlachs in Eastern Serbia increased up to 1895, and their percentage share increased up to 1884. It is noteworthy that the dynamics of the number of Vlachs until 1895 were relatively stable, implying that the increase was practically linear and consistent with the growth tendency of Serbia’s overall population at the time.
Within the framework of demographic analysis, data on declared Vlachs in almost all censuses since the post-war census cannot be used to derive explainable demographic indicators. Therefore, it is reasonable to suspect that such data would also be of limited use in other academic fields, particularly in law, politics, and public life in general. This highlights the importance of paying closer attention to earlier ethno-statistic records, especially the first statistical aberration reported in the last decade of the nineteenth century.
Glycerol used for denitrification in full-scale wastewater treatment plants: nitrous oxide emissions, sludge acclimatization, and other insights
Authors: Alessio Fenu , Lennert Dockx , Sandra Van Damme , Frederik Wynants , Verhaeghe Kirke , Koen Van Laer , Joris Roels , Rosalia Delgado 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Glycerol is commonly employed for denitrification purposes in full-scale wastewater treatment. In non-acclimatized biomass, the glycerol is very inefficient resulting in a high C/N ratio and low-standard denitrification rates. The acclimatization is driven by the microbial enrichment of Saccharimonadales and Propionibacteriales as found in different sampled municipal sludges flanking the dominant presence of Burkholderiales. The selective strategy is based on a very efficient process in terms of C/N ratios and standard denitrification rates, but it leads to nitrite accumulation. As a result, severe and unexpected nitrous oxide emissions were found in full-scale with emission factors up to 2.5% kgN2O (kgKJNremoved)−1. Simultaneous dosage of isobutirate in a full-scale experiment could counter the nitrous oxide emissions. As nitrous oxide emissions were found proportional to the dosed glycerol-based COD, the authors suggest that, in case of acclimatization of biomass to glycerol, an emission factor based on the dosed COD should substitute the general nitrous oxide emission factors based on incoming or removed nitrogen to the plant.
β Pore-forming Protein-based Evolutionary Divergence of Gnathostomata
from Agnatha
Authors: Kumar Bhupendra , Kashif Mohd , Alsaiari Ahad Amer , Khan Mohammad Imran , Kalam Abul , Ahmad Abrar , Lone Rayees Ahmad , Almehmadi Mazen , Dudhagi Shivanand Suresh , Zamzami Mazin A 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
The first vertebrates were jawless fish, or Agnatha, whose evolution diverged
into jawed fish, or Gnathostomes, around 550 million years ago.

Methods:
In this study, we investigated β PFT proteins' evolutionary divergence of lamprey immune
protein from Agnatha, reportedly possessing anti-cancer activity, into Dln1 protein from
Gnathostomes. Both proteins showed structural and functional divergence, and shared evolutionary
origin. Primary, secondary and tertiary sequences were compared to discover functional domains
and conserved motifs in order to study the evolution of these two proteins. The structural and functional
information relevant to evolutionary divergence was revealed using hydrophobic cluster analysis.

Results:
The findings demonstrate that two membrane proteins with only a small degree of sequence
identity can have remarkably similar hydropathy profiles, pointing towards conserved and
similar global structures. When facing the lipid bilayer or lining the pore lumen, the two proteins'
aerolysin domains' corresponding residues displayed a similar and largely conserved pattern.
Aerolysin-like proteins from different species can be identified using a fingerprint created by PIPSA
analysis of the pore-forming protein.

Conclusion:
We were able to fully understand the mechanism of action during pore formation
through structural studies of these proteins.
Recent Developed Nitrogen/Sulfur Heterocyclic Compounds with Marked and
Selective Antiviral Activities (Microreview)
Authors: Mutalabisin Fathiy , Ghafarikhaligh Mahta , Mihankhah Peyman , Khaligh Nader Ghaffari 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Millions of deaths have been reported due to viral infections in medical history, and
various viral infections are mentioned as the main cause of death. Although different types of
research have been conducted to develop effective medication, there is a high demand to truly
cure various viral infections. The resistance to the existence of antiviral drugs on the market is
the main threat to human health, and an intrinsic demand to develop and synthesize new scaffolds
is highly required to find less toxicity and high antiviral activity. Nitrogen-sulfur heterocyclic
compounds have extensively exhibited efficient biological and pharmacological activity
against viral species, and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. In this microreview,
recently developed nitrogen-sulfur heterocyclics and their performance with
marked and selective antiviral activities are summarized. We hope this micro-review will help
early scientists interested in the design of new compounds with selective and pronounced antiviral activities
to identify and satisfy the necessary criteria for the further development of nitrogen-sulfur heterocyclic compounds.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Flavonoid Mannich Bases and the
Evaluation of their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Chang Chew-Cheen , Sim Kooi-Mow , Lim Tuck-Meng , Pichika Mallikarjuna Rao , Mak Kit- Kay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
With multi-drug-resistant tumours continuously evolving, developing new drugs with
enhanced efficacy is essential. This study aims to synthesise flavonoid Mannich bases and evaluate
their cytotoxic activity. The flavonoids isolated from the leaves of Muntingia calabura were used as
reactants for the synthesis. Twenty flavonoid Mannich bases were synthesised via the Mannich
reaction. Cytotoxic activity of the parent compounds and synthesised compounds were evaluated
against two breast cancer cell lines, i.e., MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and one normal breast cell line,
MCF-10A, via MTT assay. Cytotoxic activity against the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line showed that
flavonoid Mannich bases exhibited greater activity than their parent compounds. 5,7-dihydroxy-8-(4-
methoxybenzylamine)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (4f) showed the highest cytotoxic activity against
MDA-MB-231 cell with IC50 of 5.75±0.82 μM. For the MCF-7 cell line, the parent compounds and
Mannich bases showed moderate activity with the IC50 range of 9.17-68.5 μM. For cytotoxic activity
against the MCF-10A cell line, the parent compound, 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (4), showed the highest
toxicity against MCF-10A with IC50 of 10.55±1.05 μM. The results suggest synthetic modifications
have produced compounds with improved anticancer activity and selectivity against breast cancer
cells.
Intranasal Drug Delivery of Antiviral Agents - A Revisit and Way
Forward
Authors: Affrald R Jino , Narayan Shoba 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Even to this date, oral drug delivery in the form of tablets, capsules, and syrups is considered
as the most accepted one. However, oral delivery as a methodology requires that the active molecules
and their formulations are water-soluble. Nasal drug delivery is characterized by ease of permeability
through the epithelial mucosa, low enzyme activity, and a wide range of immunocompetent
cells. For the transfer of drugs and active molecules through the nasal route, it is often essential to resort
to nanodelivery methods, such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoemulsions, and so on. The use of
nanodelivery vehicles has become more important in the modern context of viral infections, including
those of the respiratory tract. Nanoformulations are developed in the form of nasal gels, sprays, drops,
rinses, etc. Nanoformulations of antigens, vaccine and immune adjuvants, and antivirals are now gaining
importance. There are promising reports on nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, polymers, and
so on that have the potential to detect and inhibit viruses by themselves. This review looks into the nasal
nanoformulations in detail and provides an insight into how their efficacy can be improved. To
overcome known drawbacks, such as degradation and active mucociliary clearance by antigenpresenting
cells at the site of administration, polymers, such as PEG, are incorporated in the nanoformulation.
Polymeric systems also provide better tunability of physicochemical properties. The mechanism
of nasal spray-based drug delivery systems is also discussed in this paper. The review, thus, provides
a detailed insight into the way forward for the development of nasal formulations.
Current Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with
Macrovascular Tumor Thrombosis
Authors: Chen Zhen-Hua , Feng Jin-Kai , Liu Zong-Han , Wang Kang , Cheng Shu-Qun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Macrovascular tumor thrombosis (MVTT) is common among patients with advanced
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it contains two main types, portal vein tumor thrombus
(PVTT) and hepatic vein tumor thrombus (HVTT). MVTT is a significant prognostic factor, and
the prognosis of HCC with MVTT remains unsatisfactory. The classification of MVTT varies in
different studies, and the management of HCC and MVTT differs among Eastern and Western
countries. Over the past years, a multidisciplinary approach, including surgical resection, radiotherapy,
and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, especially the advent of new targeted drugs
and immune checkpoint inhibitors, has brought considerable survival benefits for HCC patients
with MVTT. Recently, multiple novel treatment strategies, such as neoadjuvant therapy or tumor
downstaging based on radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and molecular-targeted therapy, have broadened
the treatment landscape of MVTT. In this review, we conclude the consensus and progress
regarding diagnosis and treatment for patients with HCC and MVTT.
Coloured Cereals: Nutritional Benefits and Therapeutic Properties
Authors: Rani Nitu , Mishra Tanya , Thakur Babita , Kaur Rajinder , Kaur Sukhminderjit 
Published: July 2023

:
Worldwide, cereals are staple foods and are needed for proper growth and development of humans. In the food industry, coloured cereals have gained popularity as potential nutraceuticals. These are high in phytochemicals, which are crucial in protecting the body from allergies, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Due to their strong antioxidant effects, phenolic compounds have sparked a lot of interest in many scientific fields. Anthocyanins have the potential of functional food ingredient. Anthocyanins are the ubiquitous family of natural pigments which are found in large quantities in various cereals such as corn, wheat, barley, rice, sorghum and its varieties and various colored cereals like black, red, and pink cereals. Cereals contain phenolic compounds which are found in either bound or Free State, which is called the total phenolic compound content. The present review provides health benefits properties of various photochemical of cereals, including phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols and phytates.
Appropriateness and Comprehensiveness of Using ChatGPT for Perioperative Patient Education in Thoracic Surgery in Different Language Contexts: Survey Study
Authors: Shao Chen-ye , Li Hui , Liu Xiao-long , Li Chang , Yang Li-qin , Zhang Yue-juan , Luo Jing , Zhao Jun 
Published: July 2023

Background
ChatGPT, a dialogue-based artificial intelligence language model, has shown promise in assisting clinical workflows and patient-clinician communication. However, there is a lack of feasibility assessments regarding its use for perioperative patient education in thoracic surgery.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the appropriateness and comprehensiveness of using ChatGPT for perioperative patient education in thoracic surgery in both English and Chinese contexts.

Methods
This pilot study was conducted in February 2023. A total of 37 questions focused on perioperative patient education in thoracic surgery were created based on guidelines and clinical experience. Two sets of inquiries were made to ChatGPT for each question, one in English and the other in Chinese. The responses generated by ChatGPT were evaluated separately by experienced thoracic surgical clinicians for appropriateness and comprehensiveness based on a hypothetical draft response to a patient’s question on the electronic information platform. For a response to be qualified, it required at least 80% of reviewers to deem it appropriate and 50% to deem it comprehensive. Statistical analyses were performed using the unpaired chi-square test or Fisher exact test, with a significance level set at P<.05.

Results
The set of 37 commonly asked questions covered topics such as disease information, diagnostic procedures, perioperative complications, treatment measures, disease prevention, and perioperative care considerations. In both the English and Chinese contexts, 34 (92%) out of 37 responses were qualified in terms of both appropriateness and comprehensiveness. The remaining 3 (8%) responses were unqualified in these 2 contexts. The unqualified responses primarily involved the diagnosis of disease symptoms and surgical-related complications symptoms. The reasons for determining the responses as unqualified were similar in both contexts. There was no statistically significant difference (34/37, 92% vs 34/37, 92%; P=.99) in the qualification rate between the 2 language sets.

Conclusions
This pilot study demonstrates the potential feasibility of using ChatGPT for perioperative patient education in thoracic surgery in both English and Chinese contexts. ChatGPT is expected to enhance patient satisfaction, reduce anxiety, and improve compliance during the perioperative period. In the future, there will be remarkable potential application for using artificial intelligence, in conjunction with human review, for patient education and health consultation after patients have provided their informed consent.
Epidemiological Investigation of Neonatal Jaundice in Tikrit City: Assessing Neonatal Risk Factors from 2022 to 2023
Authors: Al-Jiboury Firdous Salih M. , Salman Abid Ahmed , Sarhat Ashoor R 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of neonatal jaundice and explore associated risk factors in Tikrit City, Iraq.
Methods: The current study was a cross sectional study involved 312 neonates (204 of them with jaundice and 108 without jaundice ), attending Salahaddin General hospital from 1st October 2022 to 30th January 2023. The Study sample was convenient . Jaundiced and Non-jaundiced neonates were enrolled into the study when they enter the wards of pediatrics and neonatal intensive care unites in Salahaddin General Hospital and those visits outpatient clinics of pediatricians and the general population during a free neonatal jaundice screening campaign in Tikrit City.
Results: The prevalence of neonatal jaundice is (9.2%). The most frequent cases was having total serum bilirubin(TSB) level ≤18 milligram/dc liter(mg\dl) (84.8%).The mean ±standard deviation (SD) of hyperbilirubinemia level is (15 ± 3.366 mg\dl ) and the high TSB level was reported among male gender(58.3%).The percent of preterm babies was (33.3%) of total sample .The most cases had normal weight (66.7%) at time of delivery ,mean ±SD of weight is (2698.5±693.54gram) and had no bruises or hematoma as cephalohematoma (89.2%).There was no blood diseases in about (72.5%) of total sample and no history of infection in (68.1%) of cases. The most frequent methods of feeding was breast feeding (39.7%). Regarding to time of appearance of jaundice, the most frequent cases were among those with age group (≤5 days )(89.7%) .The mean±SD for age of neonate at time of admission is (6.2±3.6 day).
Blood group incompatibility(ABO incompatibility) was found in (60.8%) of cases with TSB level ≤18 mg/dl and (11.3%) of cases of TSB level <18 mg\dl . While Rhesus incompatibility(Rh incompatibility) was found in (13.2%) of cases with TSB level ≤18 mg/dl .
Conclusion: This study highlights a prevalence of 9.2% for neonatal jaundice in Tikrit City and identifies important risk factors such as blood group incompatibility and preterm birth. Early detection and appropriate management of neonatal jaundice are crucial to prevent potential complications and ensure optimal neonatal care.
Analysis Of The Views of Kiai NU and Muhammadiyah in Bangkalan Madura Regarding The Use of Bitcoin as A Means of Payment of Zakat
Authors: Fatimatus Zahroh  , Mahfiana Layyin 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to find out the views of NU and Muhammadiyah kiai in Bangkalan Madura related to Bitcoin law and zakat payment law with Bitcoin. This research was motivated because the pros and cons related to the use of Bitcoin and zakat payments using Bitcoin money until now are still a discussion of scholars until the kiai in Bangkalan Madura also differ in opinion regarding the Bitcoin law, where most of the kiai NU and Muhammadiyah Bangkalan related to Bitcoin law and zakat law with Bitcoin declare haram, because it contains elements of gharar (obscurity ), maysir (gambling), as well as the absence of official regulation from the government. Therefore, zakat with Bitcoin is not allowed. However, there are some scholars who state that the digital money law is halal because digital money like crypto is classified as a "virtual treasure" thus it applies mandatory zakat to Bitcoin money. In addition, there are also differences in regulations between the government and BAPPEBTI, where the government states in Law No. 7 of 2011 concerning currency that it does not accept payment instruments other than Rupiah, while in BAPPEBTI regulations provide protection for Bitcoin users so as not to feel losses. However, obeying government rules is mandatory.
Relationship Between Symptom Perception and Postprandial Glycemic Profiles in Patients With Postbariatric Hypoglycemia After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Tripyla Afroditi , Ferreira Antonio , Schönenberger Katja A. , Näf Noah H. , Inderbitzin Lukas E. , Prendin Francesco , Cossu Luca , Cappon Giacomo , Facchinetti Andrea , Herzig David , Bally Lia 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE
Post–bariatric surgery hypoglycemia (PBH) is a metabolic complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Since symptoms are a key component of the Whipple’s triad to diagnose nondiabetic hypoglycemia, we evaluated the relationship between self-reported symptoms and postprandial sensor glucose profiles.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty patients with PBH after RYGB (age: 50.1 [41.6–60.6] years, 86.7% female, BMI: 26.5 [23.5–31.2] kg/m2; median [interquartile range]) wore a blinded Dexcom G6 sensor while recording autonomic, neuroglycopenic, and gastrointestinal symptoms over 50 days. Symptoms (overall and each type) were categorized into those occurring in postprandial periods (PPPs) without hypoglycemia, or in the preceding dynamic or hypoglycemic phase of PPPs with hypoglycemia (nadir sensor glucose &lt;3.9 mmol/L). We further explored the relationship between symptoms and the maximum negative rate of sensor glucose change and nadir sensor glucose levels.

RESULTS
In 5,851 PPPs, 775 symptoms were reported, of which 30.6 (0.0–59.9)% were perceived in PPPs without hypoglycemia, 16.7 (0.0–30.1)% in the preceding dynamic phase and 45.0 (13.7–84.7)% in the hypoglycemic phase of PPPs with hypoglycemia. Per symptom type, 53.6 (23.8–100.0)% of the autonomic, 30.0 (5.6–80.0)% of the neuroglycopenic, and 10.4 (0.0–50.0)% of the gastrointestinal symptoms occurred in the hypoglycemic phase of PPPs with hypoglycemia. Both faster glucose dynamics and lower nadir sensor glucose levels were related with symptom perception.

CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between symptom perception and PBH is complex, challenging clinical judgement and decision-making in this population.