bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emission of coherent THz magnons in an antiferromagnetic insulator triggered by ultrafast spin–phonon interactions
Authors: Rongione E. , Gueckstock O. , Mattern M. , Gomonay O. , Meer H. , Schmitt C. , Ramos R. , Kikkawa T. , Mičica M. , Saitoh E. , Sinova J. , Jaffrès H. , Mangeney J. , Goennenwein S. T. B. , Geprägs S. , Kampfrath T. , Kläui M. , Bargheer M. , Seifert T. S. , Dhillon S. , Lebrun R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAntiferromagnetic materials have been proposed as new types of narrowband THz spintronic devices owing to their ultrafast spin dynamics. Manipulating coherently their spin dynamics, however, remains a key challenge that is envisioned to be accomplished by spin-orbit torques or direct optical excitations. Here, we demonstrate the combined generation of broadband THz (incoherent) magnons and narrowband (coherent) magnons at 1 THz in low damping thin films of NiO/Pt. We evidence, experimentally and through modeling, two excitation processes of spin dynamics in NiO: an off-resonant instantaneous optical spin torque in (111) oriented films and a strain-wave-induced THz torque induced by ultrafast Pt excitation in (001) oriented films. Both phenomena lead to the emission of a THz signal through the inverse spin Hall effect in the adjacent heavy metal layer. We unravel the characteristic timescales of the two excitation processes found to be < 50 fs and > 300 fs, respectively, and thus open new routes towards the development of fast opto-spintronic devices based on antiferromagnetic materials.
Bacterial detoxification of plant defence secondary metabolites mediates the interaction between a shrub and frugivorous birds
Authors: Trabelcy Beny , Shteindel Nimrod , Lalzar Maya , Izhaki Ido , Gerchman Yoram 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany plants produce fleshy fruits, attracting fruit-eating animals that disperse the seeds in their droppings. Such seed dispersal results in a conflict between the plant and the animal, as digestion of seeds can be highly beneficial to the animal but reduces plant fitness. The plant Ochradenus baccatus uses the myrosinase-glucosinolates system to protect its seeds. We show that hydrolysis of the O. baccatus fruit glucosinolates by the myrosinase enzyme inhibited digestive enzymes and hampered digestion in naïve individuals of the bird Pycnonotus xanthopygos. However, digestion in birds regularly feeding on O. baccatus fruits was unaffected. We find that Pantoea bacteria, dominating the gut of these experienced birds as well as the fruits, thrive on glucosinolates hydrolysis products in culture. Augmentation of Pantoea protects both naïve birds and plant seedlings from the effects of glucosinolates hydrolysis products. Our findings demonstrate a tripartite interaction, where the plant-bird mutually beneficial interactions are mediated by a communal bacterial tenant.
Aging reduces calreticulin expression and alters spontaneous calcium signals in astrocytic endfeet of the mouse dorsolateral striatum
Authors: Zarate Sara M. , Huntington Taylor E. , Bagher Pooneh , Srinivasan Rahul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAging-related impairment of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) increases the risk for neurodegeneration. Among various cells that participate in BBB and NVU function, calcium signals in astrocytic endfeet are crucial for maintaining BBB and NVU integrity. To assess if aging is associated with altered calcium signals within astrocytic endfeet of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), we expressed GCaMP6f in DLS astrocytes of young (3–4 months), middle-aged (12–15 months) and aging (20–30 months) mice. Compared to endfeet in young mice, DLS endfeet in aging mice demonstrated decreased calreticulin expression, and alterations to both spontaneous membrane-associated and mitochondrial calcium signals. While young mice required both extracellular and endoplasmic reticulum calcium sources for endfoot signals, middle-aged and aging mice showed heavy dependence on endoplasmic reticulum calcium. Thus, astrocytic endfeet show significant changes in calcium buffering and sources throughout the lifespan, which is important for understanding mechanisms by which aging impairs the BBB and NVU.
Twitter misogyny associated with Hillary Clinton increased throughout the 2016 U.S. election campaign
Authors: Weaving Morgan , Alshaabi Thayer , Arnold Michael V. , Blake Khandis , Danforth Christopher M. , Dodds Peter S. , Haslam Nick , Fine Cordelia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOnline misogyny has become a fixture in female politicians’ lives. Backlash theory suggests that it may represent a threat response prompted by female politicians’ counterstereotypical, power-seeking behaviors. We investigated this hypothesis by analyzing Twitter references to Hillary Clinton before, during, and after her presidential campaign. We collected a corpus of over 9 million tweets from 2014 to 2018 that referred to Hillary Clinton, and employed an interrupted time series analysis on the relative frequency of misogynistic language within the corpus. Prior to 2015, the level of misogyny associated with Clinton decreased over time, but this trend reversed when she announced her presidential campaign. During the campaign, misogyny steadily increased and only plateaued after the election, when the threat of her electoral success had subsided. These findings are consistent with the notion that online misogyny towards female political nominees is a form of backlash prompted by their ambition for power in the political arena.
The role of cognitive flexibility in moderating the effect of school-related stress exposure
Authors: Harel Orly , Hemi Alla , Levy-Gigi Einat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEducators are exposed to various stressful events as part of their ongoing work, including violence, sexual assaults, suicidal behavior, and loss or illness of students or their family members. Previous studies revealed an increased risk of developing PTSD symptoms in healthcare and supportive professionals exposed to repeated stress as part of their work. Cognitive flexibility might be a protective factor against the negative effect of such stress. The current study aimed to examine the interactive effects of school-related stress exposure and cognitive flexibility on the tendency to develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the coping abilities of educators. One hundred and fifty educators (86.5% female; Mage = 43.08, Mteaching_experience= 12.90) volunteered to participate in this study. They completed questionnaires measuring levels of stress exposure, cognitive flexibility, coping ability, and PTSD symptoms. Analyses revealed that cognitive flexibility moderated the relationship between school-related stress exposure and both PTSD symptoms severity and maladaptive coping. Specifically, whereas educators with low cognitive flexibility exhibited positive associations between continuous stress exposure and both levels of PTSD symptoms and maladaptive coping, no such association was found among educators with high cognitive flexibility. The results highlight the importance of cognitive flexibility as a protective factor against the harmful effects of possible stress exposure in school environments. Awareness of the crucial role of cognitive flexibility as a protective factor for educators can be a breakthrough in improving educators' well-being and adaptive functioning.
RNA-binding proteins that lack canonical RNA-binding domains are rarely sequence-specific
Authors: Ray Debashish , Laverty Kaitlin U. , Jolma Arttu , Nie Kate , Samson Reuben , Pour Sara E. , Tam Cyrus L. , von Krosigk Niklas , Nabeel-Shah Syed , Albu Mihai , Zheng Hong , Perron Gabrielle , Lee Hyunmin , Najafabadi Hamed , Blencowe Benjamin , Greenblatt Jack , Morris Quaid , Hughes Timothy R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThousands of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) crosslink to cellular mRNA. Among these are numerous unconventional RBPs (ucRBPs)—proteins that associate with RNA but lack known RNA-binding domains (RBDs). The vast majority of ucRBPs have uncharacterized RNA-binding specificities. We analyzed 492 human ucRBPs for intrinsic RNA-binding in vitro and identified 23 that bind specific RNA sequences. Most (17/23), including 8 ribosomal proteins, were previously associated with RNA-related function. We identified the RBDs responsible for sequence-specific RNA-binding for several of these 23 ucRBPs and surveyed whether corresponding domains from homologous proteins also display RNA sequence specificity. CCHC-zf domains from seven human proteins recognized specific RNA motifs, indicating that this is a major class of RBD. For Nudix, HABP4, TPR, RanBP2-zf, and L7Ae domains, however, only isolated members or closely related homologs yielded motifs, consistent with RNA-binding as a derived function. The lack of sequence specificity for most ucRBPs is striking, and we suggest that many may function analogously to chromatin factors, which often crosslink efficiently to cellular DNA, presumably via indirect recruitment. Finally, we show that ucRBPs tend to be highly abundant proteins and suggest their identification in RNA interactome capture studies could also result from weak nonspecific interactions with RNA.
Agent-based null models for examining experimental social interaction networks
Authors: Fennell Susan C. , Gleeson James P. , Quayle Michael , Durrheim Kevin , Burke Kevin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider the analysis of temporal data arising from online interactive social experiments, which is complicated by the fact that classical independence assumptions about the observations are not satisfied. Therefore, we propose an approach that compares the output of a fitted (linear) model from the observed interaction data to that generated by an assumed agent-based null model. This allows us to discover, for example, the extent to which the structure of social interactions differs from that of random interactions. Moreover, we provide network visualisations that identify the extent of ingroup favouritism and reciprocity as well as particular individuals whose behaviour differs markedly from the norm. We specifically consider experimental data collected via the novel Virtual Interaction APPLication (VIAPPL). We find that ingroup favouritism and reciprocity are present in social interactions observed on this platform, and that these behaviours strengthen over time. Note that, while our proposed methodology was developed with VIAPPL in mind, its potential usage extends to any type of social interaction data.
Suicidal risk associated with finasteride versus dutasteride among men treated for benign prostatic hyperplasia: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Laanani Moussa , Weill Alain , Jollant Fabrice , Zureik Mahmoud , Dray-Spira Rosemary 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFinasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor used in benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenetic alopecia, has been associated with an increased suicidal risk, whereas it is unclear whether such risk is similar to that for another 5α-reductase inhibitor, dutasteride. We aimed to assess the risk of suicidal behaviours with finasteride relative to dutasteride. A nationwide cohort study was conducted using the French National Health Data System (SNDS). Men aged 50 years or older initiating finasteride 5 mg or dutasteride 0.5 mg in France between 01-01-2012 and 30-06-2016 were included and followed until outcome (suicide death identified from death certificate or self-harm hospitalisation), treatment discontinuation or switch, death, or 31-12-2016. Self-harm by violent means or resulting in admission to an intensive care unit were also examined. Cox proportional hazards models controlled for age and psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Analyses were stratified according to psychiatric history. The study compared 69,786 finasteride new users to 217,577 dutasteride new users (median age: 72.0 years [Q1–Q3 = 64.5–80.2] vs. 71.1 [Q1–Q3 = 65.0–79.2]). During follow-up, 18 suicide deaths (0.57/1000 person-years) and 34 self-harm hospitalisations (1.08/1000) occurred among finasteride users versus 47 deaths (0.43/1000) and 87 hospitalisations (0.79/1000) among dutasteride users. Overall, finasteride was not associated with an increased risk of any suicidal outcome (IPTW-adjusted Hazard Ratio = 1.21 [95% Confidence Interval  .87–1.67]), suicide death or self-harm hospitalisation. However, among individuals with a history of mood disorders, finasteride was associated with an increased risk of any suicidal outcome (25 versus 46 events; HR = 1.64 [95% CI 1.00–2.68]), suicide death (8 versus 10 events; HR = 2.71 [95% CI 1.07–6.91]), self-harm by violent means (6 versus 6 events; HR = 3.11 [95% CI 1.01–9.61]), and self-harm with admission to an intensive care unit (7 versus 5 events; HR = 3.97 [95% CI 1.26–12.5]). None of these risks was significantly increased among individuals without a psychiatric history. These findings do not support an increased risk of suicide with finasteride used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, an increased risk cannot be excluded among men with a history of mood disorder, but this result based on a limited number of events should be interpreted with caution.
Complete genome analysis of African swine fever virus genotypes II, IX and XV from domestic pigs in Tanzania
Authors: Hakizimana Jean N. , Yona Clara , Makange Mariam R. , Kasisi Ester A. , Netherton Christopher L. , Nauwynck Hans , Misinzo Gerald 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfrican swine fever (ASF) caused by ASF virus (ASFV) is an infectious transboundary animal disease notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health causing high mortality in domestic pigs and wild boars threatening the global domestic pig industry. To date, twenty-four ASFV genotypes have been described and currently genotypes II, IX, X, XV and XVI are known to be circulating in Tanzania. Despite the endemic status of ASF in Tanzania, only one complete genome of ASFV from the country has been described. This study describes the first complete genome sequence of ASFV genotype XV. In addition, the first Tanzanian complete genome of ASFV genotype IX and three ASFV strains belonging to genotype II collected during ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs in Tanzania were determined in this study using Illumina sequencing and comparative genomics analysis. The generated ASFV complete genome sequences ranged from 171,004 to 184,521 base pairs in length with an average GC content of 38.53% and encoded 152 to 187 open reading frames. The results of this study provide insights into the genomic structure of ASFV and can be used to monitor changes within the ASFV genome and improve our understanding of ASF transmission dynamics.
Creation of single molecular conjugates of metal–organic cages and DNA
Authors: Nakajo Toshinobu , Kusaka Shinpei , Hiraoka Haruka , Nomura Kohei , Matsubara Noriaki , Baba Rintaro , Yoshida Yuki , Nakamoto Kosuke , Honma Masakazu , Iguchi Hiroaki , Uchihashi Takayuki , Abe Hiroshi , Matsuda Ryotaro 
Published: March 2023

We report the development of an equimolar conjugate of a metal–organic cage (MOC) and DNA (MOC-DNA) for the first time. The unique functions derived from the conjugation are also reported.
Motion parameters estimation of manoeuvring weak target with multiple motion stages based on range symmetry transform and short‐time fractional Fourier transform
Authors: Li Zijing , Zhang Qilei , Dong Zhen , Yu Lei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the advancement of manoeuvrability and the increasement of coherent processing interval (CPI), the observed target might be of multiple motion stages. Therefore, most existing long‐time coherent integration (LTCI) algorithms based on the assumption of single‐motion stage is not proper any more. To address this problem, this letter proposes an effective motion parameters estimation algorithm, which is the key step of LTCI, for the manoeuvring weak target with multiple motion stages based on range symmetry transform and short‐time fractional Fourier transform (RST‐STFrFT). The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by signal‐level simulations.
Trinity‐Yolo: High‐precision logo detection in the real world
Authors: Mao KeJi , Jin RunHui , Chen KaiYan , Mao JiaFa , Dai GuangLin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLogo detection has a wide range of applications in the multimedia field, such as video advertising research, brand awareness monitoring and analysis, trademark infringement detection, autonomous driving and intelligent transportation. Compared with other types of images, logo images in the real world have greater diversity in appearance and more complex backgrounds. Therefore, identifying logos from images is a challenge. A strong baseline method Trinity‐Yolo, is proposed, which incorporates attention mechanism, stripe pooling and weighted boxes fusion (WBF) into the state‐of‐the‐art Yolov4 framework for large‐scale logo detection. The attention mechanism improves the feature extraction ability of the deep detection model, the stripe pooling expands the field of view of the model and the weighted boxes fusion enables the model to obtain excellent corrections when outputting the prediction boxes. Trinity‐Yolo can solve the problems of lack of training data, multi‐scale objects and inconsistent bounding‐box regression. On the dataset LogoDet‐3K, the average performance of Trinity‐Yolo is 3% higher than that of Yolov4. Compared with other deep detection models, the performance of Trinity‐Yolo is improved more. The experimental performance on other existing datasets verifies the effectiveness of this method.
Unveiling the chemical fingerprint of phosphorus-rich stars
Authors: Brauner Maren , Masseron Thomas , García-Hernández Domingo A. , Pignatari Marco , Womack Kate A. , Lugaro Maria , Hayes Christian R. 
Published: March 2023

Context The origin of phosphorus, one of the essential elements for life on Earth, is currently unknown. Prevalent models of Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) systematically underestimate the amount of P compared to observations, especially at low metallicities. The recently discovered P-rich ([P/Fe] ≳ 1.2 dex) and metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≃ −1.0 dex) giants further challenge the GCE models, calling current theories on stellar nucleosynthesis into question.
Aims. Since the observed low-mass giants are not expected to produce their high P contents themselves, our primary goal is to find clues on their progenitor or polluter. By increasing the number of known P-rich stars, we aim to narrow down a statistically reliable chemical abundance pattern that defines these peculiar stars. In this way, we place more robust constraints on the nucleosynthetic mechanism that causes the unusually high P abundances. In the long term, identifying the progenitor of the P-rich stars may contribute to the search for the source of P in our Galaxy.
Methods. We performed a detailed chemical abundance analysis based on the high-resolution near-infrared (H band) spectra from the latest data release (DR17) of the APOGEE-2 survey. Employing the BACCHUS code, we measured the abundances of 13 elements in the inspected sample, which is mainly composed of a recent collection of Si-enhanced giants. We also analyzed the orbital motions and compared the abundance results to possible nucleosynthetic formation scenarios, and also to detailed GCE models. These models were produced with the OMEGA+ chemical evolution code, using four different massive star yield sets to investigate different scenarios for massive star evolution.
Results. We enlarged the sample of confirmed P-rich stars from 16 to a group of 78 giants, which represents the largest sample of P-rich stars to date. The sample includes the first detection of a P-rich star in a Galactic globular cluster. Significant enhancements in O, Al, Si, and Ce, as well as systematic correlations among the studied elements, unveil the unique chemical fingerprint of the P-rich stars. In contrast, the high [Mg/Fe] and [(C+N)/Fe] found in some of the P-rich stars with respect to P-normal stars is not confirmed over the full sample because of the current uncertainties. Strikingly, the strong overabundance in the α-element Si is accompanied by normal Ca and S abundances. This is at odds with current stellar nucleosynthesis models of massive stars. Our analysis of the orbital motion showed that the P-rich stars do not belong to a locally specific population in the Galaxy. In addition, we confirm that the majority of the sample stars are not part of binary systems.
Limbisches System und Amygdala
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDie zentrale Steuerung der Emotion ist ein wichtiger Faktor für die körpereigenen Selbstheilungskräfte. Das limbische System spielt im Zusammenspiel mit anderen Gehirnbereichen, unter anderem dem Thalamus und Hypothalamus eine zentrale Rolle. Eine wichtige Struktur bezüglich des emotionalen Verhaltens ist die Amygdala. Sie ist Bestandteil des limbischen Systems.
Psychoneurophysiologische Wirkmechanismen der Selbstheilung
Authors: Schubert Christian 
Published: March 2023

SummarySelbstheilung lässt sich der Mind-Body-Medizin (MBM) zuordnen und umfasst eine Reihe von Mind-Body-Therapien (MBT) mit Hilfe derer Individuen selbstwirksam und -regulativ in die physiologischen Gleichgewichtssysteme des Organismus eingreifen. In diesem Beitrag werden die bis dato bekannten neurophysiologischen Wirkmechanismen der MBT aus patho- und salutogenetischer Perspektive integrativ-systemisch dargestellt. Top-down wirkende MBT (z.B. Meditation, Hypnose) dürften dabei über zentralnervöse Aktivitätsveränderungen und damit verbundener Beruhigung der Stresssystemaktivität (u.a. Cortisol, sympatho-vagale Balance) zu Reduktionen von Entzündungsaktivität führen. Bottom-Up wirkende MBT (z.B. Yoga, Qigong) setzen wiederum an der peripheren Körperphysiologie an und wirken über die kontrollierte Atemarbeit und über körperliche Praktiken positiv auf stressverarbeitende Systeme und Immunaktivität. Das robusteste Ergebnis zu den Wirkmechanismen der Selbstheilung stellt die Verringerung von stressbedingter Entzündung dar. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Messung von genomischen im Vergleich zu zirkulierenden und über die Zeit mehr schwankenden Immunparametern zu verlässlicheren Ergebnissen führt. Dies lässt die in diesem Forschungsbereich mehrheitlich verwendeten randomisierten kontrollierten Studien (randomized controlled trial, RCT)-Studien als zu statisch und normativ erscheinen. Das Integrative Einzelfalldesign zur Untersuchung von biopsychosozialer Komplexität unter Alltagsbedingungen ist aufgrund der Analyse engmaschiger Zeitreihen und von tiefenpsychologischen Interviewanalysen in der Lage, die Mechanismen der Selbstheilung sehr valide zu erfassen.
Reparieren und regenerieren – wenn der Körper sich selbst heilt!
Authors: Jahn Claus 
Published: March 2023

SummaryGesundheit ist ein Zustand des Wohlbefindens, in dem allen Einflüssen auf den Organismus immer so entgegnet wird, dass es zu keinen pathologischen Veränderungen kommt. Krankheit entsteht, wenn es Störungen im Reparations-/Regenerationssystem gibt und die Selbstheilungskräfte gegen physische und psychische Belastungen nicht mehr ankommen. Jeder Heilungsprozess ist dabei ein Selbstheilungsvorgang, der mit komplementärmedizinischen Maßnahmen unterstützt werden kann. Heilen muss der Körper sich jedoch selbst.
Decarboxylative Alkenylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines Using α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids via Pd-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization
Authors: Singh Krishna Nand , Kumar Saurabh , Prabhakar Neha Sharma , Kishor Kaushal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of alkenylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines has been accomplished using imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids adopting C–H functionalization strategy in the presence of palladium acetate, 1,10-phenanthroline, and silver carbonate.