bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential contributors to variation in weight‐loss response to liraglutide
Authors: Webster Chelsi M. , Mittal Neha , Dhurandhar Emily J. , Dhurandhar Nikhil V. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryObesity treatment requires a chronic state of negative energy balance. Obesity medications can help with this, increasing long‐term dietary compliance by promoting satiety or reducing hunger. However, efficacy and safety of obesity medications vary for individuals. Early identification of non‐responders to obesity medications may limit drug exposure while optimizing benefits for responders. This review summarizes factors that impact weight‐loss response to liraglutide. Factors linked to greater weight loss on liraglutide include being female, not having diabetes, having relatively high baseline weight, and losing at least 4% of initial weight after 16 weeks of treatment. Other covariates that may predict treatment response but require further confirmation include central effects, nausea, gastric emptying of solids, and genotype. Baseline body mass index, race, and age seem less relevant for predicting weight‐loss response to liraglutide. Lesser known and harder‐to‐measure factors such as cerebral blood flow, food cue reactivity, gut hormone levels, and dietary adherence possibly impact variability of response to liraglutide. This information should assist healthcare providers with establishing realistic weight‐loss probability for individual patients. Future research should improve the ability to identify responders to liraglutide. Importantly, this review may provide a framework to identify responders to other obesity medications.
Nondestructive determination of carotenoids in kiwifruit leaves infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with chemical imaging
Authors: Jiang Lingli , Zhang Yufeng , Kang Chao , Zhao Zhibo , Chen Dongmei , Long Youhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a noninvasive and nondestructive technique, was used to distinguish healthy and cankered kiwifruit leaves. Silver nanoparticles with iodide and calcium ions (Ag@ICNPs) were synthesized as SERS substrates and significantly enhanced the characteristic signal peaks of carotenoids. Due to its simple operation and high sensitivity, the detection process is straightforward and efficient. Using a 532 nm laser excitation source, spectra were collected from the leaf surface over a wavelength range of 400–2000 cm−1, and the characteristic carotenoid peak at 1520 cm−1 was selected for integral imaging. Detection of changes in carotenoid spectral characteristics on the surface of kiwifruit leaves could be used as an early warning of kiwifruit canker. Raman spectroscopy and high‐performance liquid chromatography confirmed the existence of two main carotenoids, lutein and β‐carotene, and their intensity changed significantly following infection, especially in the later stages of infection. The results of principal component analysis and support vector machine (SVM) analysis of preprocessed spectra showed that samples of healthy, early disease and advanced disease leaves clustered separately, and the accuracy of SVM classification was up to 98%. The results of chemical imaging showed that the average carotenoid signal decreased with extended incubation time and there were significant differences among healthy, early disease and advanced disease stages. Therefore, SERS can be used as a general tool for in situ nondestructive determination of surface carotenoid changes in kiwifruit leaves during disease, and thereby effectively monitor the nutritional quality of kiwifruit before harvest.
Delayed Leukoreduction of whole blood with a platelet‐sparing filter to increase low‐titer group O whole blood production in the United States
Authors: Wellington Michael , Feldman Tamar Perla , Cleeton Stephanie , Sawyer Sherrie , Brown Bethany L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDemand for low‐titer Group O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasing for trauma. The whole blood (WB) platelet‐sparing (WB‐SP) filter enables leukoreduction (LR) while retaining platelet quantity and function; however, in the United States WB must be filtered and placed in the cold within 8 h of collection. A longer processing window would facilitate improved logistics and supply of LR‐WB to meet the growing medical need. This study evaluated the impact of increasing filtration timing from <8 h to <12 h on the quality of LR‐WB.Study Design and MethodsThirty WB units were collected from healthy donors. Control units were filtered within 8 h and test units within 12 h of collection. WB was tested throughout 21 days of storage. Hemolysis, WBC content, component recovery, and 25 additional markers of WB quality were tested including hematologic and metabolic markers, RBC morphology, aggregometry, thromboelastography, and p‐selectin.ResultsThere were 0 failures for residual WBC content, hemolysis, or pH, and no differences in component recovery between arms. Few differences in metabolic parameters were observed, but the small effect size suggests these are not clinically significant. Trends throughout storage were similar and filtration timing did not impact hematological parameters, platelet activation and aggregation, or hemostatic capacity.ConclusionOur studies showed that extending filtration timing from 8 to 12 h from the collection does not significantly impact the quality of LR‐WB. Characterization of the platelets demonstrated that storage lesions were not exacerbated. Extending the time from collection to filtration will improve LTOWB inventory in the United States.
Accuracy of pin placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine using a free‐hand probing technique versus 3D‐printed patient‐specific drill guides: An ex‐vivo study
Authors: Mullins Ronan A. , Espinel Ruperéz Jorge , Bleedorn Jason , Hoey Seamus , Hetzel Scott , Ortega Cristina , Kraus Karl H. , Guevar Julien 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare pin placement accuracy, intraoperative technique deviations, and duration of pin placement for pins placed by free‐hand probing (FHP) or 3D‐printed drill guide (3DPG) technique.Sample populationFour greyhound cadavers.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) examinations from T6‐sacrum were obtained for determination of optimal pin placement and 3DPG creation. Two 3.2/2.4‐mm positive profile pins were inserted per vertebra, one left and one right from T7–L7 (FHP [n = 56]; 3DPG [n = 56]) by one surgeon and removed for repeat CT. Duration of pin placement and intraoperative deviations (unanticipated deviations from planned technique) were recorded. Pin tracts were graded by two blinded observers using modified Zdichavsky classification. Descriptive statistics were used.ResultsA total of 54/56 pins placed with 3DPGs were assigned grade I (optimal placement) compared with 49/56 pins using the FHP technique. A total of 2/56 pins placed with 3DPGs and 3/56 pins using the FHP technique were assigned grade IIa (partial medial violation). A total of 4/56 pins placed using the FHP technique were assigned grade IIIa (partial lateral violation). No pins were assigned grade IIb (full medial violation). Intraoperative technique deviations occurred with 6/56 pins placed using the FHP technique and no pins with 3DPGs. Overall, pins were placed faster (mean ± SD 2.6 [1.3] vs. 4.5 [1.8] min) with 3DPGs.ConclusionsBoth techniques were accurate for placement of spinal fixation pins. The 3DPG technique may decrease intraoperative deviations and duration of pin placement.Clinical relevanceBoth techniques allow accurate pin placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine. The FHP technique requires specific training and has learning curve, whereas 3DPG technique requires specific software and 3D printers.
Sums of triples in Abelian groups
Authors: Feldman Ido , Rinot Assaf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotivated by a problem in additive Ramsey theory, we extend Todorčević's partitions of three‐dimensional combinatorial cubes to handle additional three‐dimensional objects. As a corollary, we get that if the continuum hypothesis fails, then for every Abelian group G of size ℵ2, there exists a coloring such that for every uncountable and every integer k, there are three distinct elements of X such that .
La investigación contable universitaria en Argentina
Authors: Verón Carmen Stella , Marcolini Silvina Beatriz , Sader Gustavo 
Published: April 2023

La investigación científica en Argentina ha sido históricamente sostenida con recursos del Estado y ha tenido dos bases institucionales fundamentales: las universidades nacionales y el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet). La investigación contable se desarrolla en este contexto, y tiene alcances y limitaciones propias, pues se desarrolla en las instituciones universitarias.
El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el estado de la investigación contable en Argentina, los ámbitos en los que se desarrolla y la divulgación de sus resultados en revistas científicas, a partir de una investigación exploratoria de tipo documental.
Los resultados encontrados muestran una escasa producción en los proyectos y programas de investigación, y pocos trabajos finales de las carreras de posgrado. Por su parte, la revisión de las revistas argentinas seleccionadas muestra escasos artículos contables publicados, mayoritariamente del tipo conceptual, con temáticas diversas, y con una fuerte presencia de autores argentinos. Estos resultados confirman que la investigación contable en Argentina se encuentra en un estado inicial y que requiere de políticas institucionales que apoyen y reconozcan adecuadamente la labor de investigación del profesor universitario.
Experiences of Palestinian patients with hospital services: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Takruri Adel , Radwan Mahmoud , El Jabari Carol , Nawajah Inad , Hassan Sahar 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed at assessing patient experiences with hospital services and key factors associated with better experiences.MethodsThe study design is cross-sectional supported by qualitative interviews. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) was used as data collection instrument. A convenience sample of 391 volunteers aged ≥18 years participated in this study. Qualitative interviews were conducted with patients and healthcare providers to further enrich and explain the quantitative results.ResultsThe average age of the sample was 41.34, SD (16.4), range (18–87). Females represented 61.9% of the whole sample. Almost 75% were from the West Bank and 25% from the Gaza Strip. The majority of respondents reported that doctors and nurses were respectful, listened to them and explained clearly to them always or most of the time. Only 29.4% of respondents were given written information about the symptoms they may have after discharge from the hospital. Factors that were independently associated with higher scores on the HCAHPS scale were; being females (coef: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.157 to 1.587, p=0.017), being healthy (coef: −1.58, 95% CI: −2.458 to −0.706, p=0.000), being with high financial status (coef: 1.51, 95% CI: 0.437 to 2.582, p=0.006), being from Gaza (coef: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.484 to 2.408, p=0.003) and who visited hospitals outside of Palestine (coef: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.812 to 4.934, p=0.000). Overcrowding, weak organisational and management processes, and inadequate supply of goods, medicines, and equipment were reported factors impeding quality services via in-depth interviews.ConclusionsThe overall hospital experiences of Palestinian patients were moderate but varied significantly based on patients’ factors such as sex, health status, financial status and residency as well as by hospital type. Hospitals in Palestine should invest more in improving their services including communications with patients, the hospital environment and communication with patients.
The computation of the average speckle size from the point spread function for triangular apertures
Authors: Hamed A. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe suggest triangular aperture modeling for the computation of speckle size using the point spread function (PSF) concept. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm indicates three models of triangular apertures in the point spread function (PSF) computation. We calculated for the first time the average speckle size from the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the triangular apertures in the PSF. The results are compared with the speckle sizes results obtained from the autocorrelation of speckle images corresponding to the considered models showed an agreement. In the analysis, I consider the 1st model with four equilateral triangular apertures, each of equal sides (b), along the Cartesian coordinates at equal distances from the center (xd). In the 2nd model, I assume 16 triangular apertures in a circular contour. In contrast, in the 3rd model, a sequence of six equilateral triangular black and white (B/W) zones is shown where the central triangle is black. I consider central obstruction to attenuate the low spatial frequency in the PSF. I take a transparent triangular aperture for comparison. Also, the PSF corresponding to the circular aperture is given for comparison. In addition, reconstructed images of apertures from the speckle images are obtained. We considered MATLAB codes for all the computations and plots.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Malnutrition in Patients with Brain Metastasis
Authors: Liu Zheran , Zhang Yu , Pei Yiyan , He Yan , Yu Jiayi , Zhang Renjie , Wang Jingjing , Chong Weelic , Hai Yang , Peng Xingchen , Fang Fang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background:
Malnutrition is a severe but modifiable risk factor for cancers. However, the relationship between malnutrition and the survival of patients with brain metastases has not been fully revealed. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and assess its prognostic value on patients with brain metastases

Methods:
We retrospectively recruited 2,633 patients with brain metastases between January 2014 and September 2020. Three malnutrition scores were used to evaluate patients’ malnutrition status at their first admission, including controlling nutritional status, the nutritional risk index, and the prognostic nutritional index. The association between malnutrition and overall survival (OS) was estimated.

Results:
The three malnutrition scores were associated with each other and with body mass index (BMI). Malnutrition assessed by any of the three scores was significantly associated with poor OS. All three malnutrition scores were better indicators than BMI, and adding malnutrition scores to the Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) scoring system could significantly improve the accuracy of prognosis prediction.

Conclusions:
Malnutrition monitoring using any of the three malnutrition scores on patients’ first admission could be a better survival indicator for patients with brain metastases compared with BMI alone.

Impact:
Malnutrition is a more significant indicator of survival stratification compared with BMI. Adding malnutrition to the GPA score system achieves better survival prediction.
Genetic Associations with Smoking Relapse and Proportion of Follow-up in Smoking Relapse throughout Adulthood in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Jones Stephanie K. , Alberg Anthony J. , Wallace Kristin , Froeliger Brett , Carpenter Matthew J. , Wolf Bethany 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Genetics contribute to smoking cessation, which is important for cancer prevention. Prior genetic studies, limited by short-term follow-up, have not examined multiple quit attempts and relapse events experienced by most smokers. This research investigated genetic associations with smoking relapse throughout adulthood. Participants were from two, all-female longitudinal cohort studies and included 12,060 European ancestry ever-smokers with existing genotype data who quit smoking at ≥1 timepoint. Median follow-up was 32 years. Associations between selected SNPs and odds of relapse and, conditional on relapse, SNP associations with proportion of follow-up relapsed were modeled using zero-inflated beta regression. Genotype by menopausal status interactions were evaluated. Women with AA genotypes for CHRNA5 SNP rs16969968 G&gt;A or CHRNA3 SNP rs1051730 G&gt;A (P-value = 0.04 for both) had lower odds of relapse. Among women who relapsed, those with CC genotypes of CHRNA5 SNPs rs588765 T&gt;C (P-value = 0.04) and rs680244 T&gt;C (P-value = 0.048) and AA genotype of DRD2 SNP rs6277 G&gt;A (P-value = 0.01) had higher proportion follow-up in relapse. Associations were stronger among postmenopausal women (genotype by menopause interactions: rs588765 P-value = 0.003, rs680244 P-value = 0.001, rs6277 P-value = 0.04). Women with AA or AG genotypes for COMT SNP rs4680 G&gt;A (P-value = 0.03) had lower proportion follow-up relapsed. This study identified SNP associations with likelihood of relapse or proportion of follow-up in relapse. Several associations were stronger among postmenopausal women. The findings demonstrate the importance of long-term follow-up and factors unique to women when characterizing smoking phenotypes.

Prevention Relevance:
This study is the first to quantify genetic associations with smoking relapse among female smokers throughout adulthood. These findings could inform precision medicine approaches to improve long-term smoking relapse prevention to reduce smoking attributable cancer morbidity and mortality.
T Cells Expressing a Modified FcγRI Exert Antibody-Dependent Cytotoxicity and Overcome the Limitations of CAR T-cell Therapy against Solid Tumors
Authors: Rasoulouniriana Diana , Santana-Magal Nadine , Gutwillig Amit , Farhat-Younis Leen , Tal Lior , Amar Sarah , Milyavsky Michael , Muddineni Siva Sai Naga Anurag , Solomon Neta , Shpilt Hana , Dotan Shahar , Pilpel Noam , Waskow Claudia , Feinmesser Meora , Rider Peleg , Carmi Yaron 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The pioneering design of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy demonstrated the potential of reprogramming the immune system. Nonetheless, T-cell exhaustion, toxicity, and suppressive microenvironments limit their efficacy in solid tumors. We previously characterized a subset of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells expressing the FcγRI receptor. Herein, we detail engineering of a receptor, based on the FcγRI structure, allowing T cells to target tumor cells using antibody intermediates. These T cells showed effective and specific cytotoxicity only when an appropriate antibody was added. Only target-bound antibodies activated these cells, while free antibodies were internalized without activation. Their cytotoxic activity was correlated to target protein density, therefore targeting tumor cells with high antigen density while sparing normal cells with low or no expression. This activation mechanism prevented premature exhaustion. Furthermore, during antibody-dependent cytotoxicity these cells secreted attenuated cytokine levels compared with CAR T cells, thereby enhancing their safety profile. These cells eradicated established melanomas, infiltrated the tumor microenvironment, and facilitated host immune cell recruitment in immunocompetent mice. In NOD/SCID gamma mice the cells infiltrate, persist, and eradicate tumors. As opposed to CAR T-cell therapies, which require changing the receptor across different types of cancer, our engineered T cells remain the same across tumor types, while only the injected antibody changes. Overall, we generated a highly flexible T-cell therapy capable of binding a wide range of tumor cells with high affinity, while preserving the cytotoxic specificity only to cells expressing high density of tumor-associated antigens and using a single manufacturing process.
A servidão voluntária, de La Boétie a Montaigne
Authors: Gontier Thierry , Novaes Adriana 
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo analisa a evolução de um novo ideal republicano no contexto das guerras de religião do século XVI francês. Para tal, concentra-se em dois textos: o Discurso sobre a servidão voluntária, de La Boétie, cujo essencial se supõe ter sido redigido por volta de 1548, e os Ensaios, de Montaigne, cuja primeira edição data de 1580. Demonstra, com isso, que Montaigne transfere os ideais republicanos de La Boétie a um contexto novo, passando de um ethos republicano herdado do humanismo renascentista para um ethos que se pode anacronicamente qualificar de “liberal”.
A sociedade dos ateus segundo Pierre Bayle: uma experiência de pensamento?
Authors: Delpla Isabelle , Novaes Adriana 
Published: April 2023

Seria a conjectura de uma sociedade de ateus, de Pierre Bayle, uma experiência de pensamento liberal, visando separar política e religião? Uma tal interpretação pode se apoiar sobre a relativa proximidade do texto com a Fábula das Abelhas de Mandeville. Ela é, porém, errônea: aquela conjectura baseia-se em um método cético, histórico e crítico que desafia o princípio mesmo das experiências de pensamento. Tampouco a separação do religioso e do político se basearia em uma argumentação liberal.
COSIS Request for an Advisory Opinion: A Poisoned Apple for the ITLOS?
Authors: Miron Alina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The request for an advisory opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS) to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) is part of a larger movement of strategic litigation in relation to climate change, essentially led by civil society. However, the seisin and the questions submitted revive debates on the Tribunal’s advisory jurisdiction. In the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission Advisory Opinion, the ITLOS found that its advisory jurisdiction is based on the ITLOS Statute and on an external agreement with provisions for that purpose. However, the conditions for its exercise remain obscure. The COSIS request raises the thorny issue of the compatibility of the external agreement with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in particular in light of Article 311. The authority of the Tribunal’s opinion depends largely on its care in addressing these difficulties head on.
Reimagining the Procedural Aspects of Part XV of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Authors: Mossop Joanna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article explores the question: ‘what would/should Part XV look like if it were to be negotiated today?’ Part XV, on dispute settlement, has played an important role in resolving issues including the interpretation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). Many procedural issues have arisen in these disputes, including those relating to jurisdiction and admissibility. In large part, the system has proven robust, although some tinkering with Part XV processes might be appropriate. Larger scale reforms might include clear instructions on the ability of International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to consider requests for advisory opinions. Finally, the article considers whether dispute settlement processes in the World Trade Organization or human rights institutions may hold lessons for the LOSC.