bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven learning: English as a foreign language writing and complexity, accuracy and fluency measures
Authors: Şahin Kızıl Aysel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundData‐driven learning (DDL) has been regarded as one of the promising approaches that could effectively enhance writing performance of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. Although extensive research has been conducted on the use of DDL in developing various aspects of writing skill, there exist only few studies to date that focus on DDL for revising writing despite its great potential for revision. Furthermore, among the existing studies, very few investigated DDL at revision stage by referring to complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) measures which are objective and reliable indices of writing quality, and none has examined these three CAF measures jointly as an index of writing development.ObjectivesWith the purpose of addressing these gaps, the present article describes an instructional design which integrates DDL into the writing process of EFL learners who were taught how to exploit corpus data in revising their writings and then reports on the effects of such a design on their actual learning outcomes as measured in CAF.MethodologyIn a quasi‐experimental between‐group pre‐test/post‐test design, 31 tertiary level EFL students were divided into experimental (DDL) and control (non‐DDL) groups. Experimental group was instructed on corpus consultation to revise their writings while the control group followed the conventional practices of using dictionaries, textbooks and teacher explanations in revising their writings. Writing performance of each group was analysed based on CAF measures and compared through one‐way between‐group multivariate analysis of covariance.Results and ConclusionsThe findings showed that DDL used for writing revision had a significant, positive effect on fluency and lexical complexity as DDL group outperformed the non‐DDL group in producing lexically diverse and fluent writings. However, no statistically significant evidence was found favouring the effect on DDL on accuracy and grammatical complexity.
Development and validation of robust metabolism‐related gene signature in the prognostic prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pan Yangxun , Zhang Deyao , Chen Yuheng , Li Huake , Wang Jiongliang , Yuan Ze , Sun Liyang , Zhou Zhongguo , Chen Minshan , Zhang Yaojun , Hu Dandan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide. Given metabolic reprogramming in tumours was a crucial hallmark, several studies have demonstrated its value in the diagnostics and surveillance of malignant tumours. The present study aimed to identify a cluster of metabolism‐related genes to construct a prediction model for the prognosis of HCC. Multiple cohorts of HCC cases (466 cases) from public datasets were included in the present analysis. (GEO cohort) After identifying a list of metabolism‐related genes associated with prognosis, a risk score based on metabolism‐related genes was formulated via the LASSO‐Cox and LASSO‐pcvl algorithms. According to the risk score, patients were stratified into low‐ and high‐risk groups, and further analysis and validation were accordingly conducted. The results revealed that high‐risk patients had a significantly worse 5‐year overall survival (OS) than low‐risk patients in the GEO cohort. (30.0% vs. 57.8%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.411; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.302–0.651; p < 0.001) This observation was confirmed in the external TCGA‐LIHC cohort. (34.5% vs. 54.4%; HR 0.452; 95% CI, 0.299–0.681; p < 0.001) To promote the predictive ability of the model, risk score, age, gender and tumour stage were integrated into a nomogram. According to the results of receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curves analysis, the nomogram score possessed a superior predictive ability than conventional factors, which indicate that the risk score combined with clinicopathological features was able to achieve a robust prediction for OS and improve the individualized clinical decision making of HCC patients. In conclusion, the metabolic genes related to OS were identified and developed a metabolism‐based predictive model for HCC. Through a series of bioinformatics and statistical analyses, the predictive ability of the model was approved.
Aligning Organizational Priorities and System Policies to Support Implementation Scale‐Up of a Tailored Classroom‐Based Physical Activity Intervention in Low‐Resource Schools*
Authors: Hasson Rebecca E. , Eisman Andria B. , Wassmann Amy , Beemer Lexie R. , Templin Thomas , Malinoff Lynn , Zernicke Ronald , Rabaut Lisa 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundA mismatch between organizational priorities and system‐level policies can negatively impact implementation and sustainment of classroom‐based physical activity (PA) interventions. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) present methods to systematically identify organization‐ and system‐level implementation barriers, and (2) align organizational priorities and system policies by designing multi‐level implementation strategies. This alignment will support implementation scale‐up of a tailored PA intervention in one low‐resource intermediate school district (ISD; 16 districts, 32 schools) in central Michigan.MethodsMulti‐level assessments of organizational readiness were conducted using the Hexagon Discussion and Analysis Tool to assess intervention‐context fit, the Wellness School Assessment Tool 3.0 to evaluate district PA policy strength and comprehensiveness, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted to assess administrative support and priorities related to PA programming.ResultsOur assessments revealed three implementation barriers: limited structural capacity to sustain teacher training, limited resources across districts and school buildings to support teachers, and misalignment of ISD and district PA policies and priorities.ConclusionsGreater attention to organizational capacity and existing infrastructure should be considered a priori to support effective implementation and sustainment of PA interventions in low‐resource schools.
Anatomical phenotype of obstructive sleep apnea patients based on cluster analysis
Authors: Huang Liping , Xu Ying , Gong Xu , Gao Xuemei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo generate a novel subtype of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on anatomical features and verify the differences in the response of different subtypes to orthodontic treatment, thus providing a theoretical reference for clinical decision‐making.Materials and MethodsA K‐means cluster analysis was performed for this retrospective serial study, which includes 722 OSA patients, aged 44.0 (36.0, 54.0) years, 80.2% male, with apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of 23.2 (13.4, 39.6) events·h−1, and body mass index (BMI) of 25.47 ± 3.00 kg·m−2. All samples were divided into three subtypes based on AHI, BMI, and five variables of craniofacial measurements. Sixty‐seven cases with mandibular advancement devices (MAD) therapeutic results were further applied to validate the efficacy and side effects of this treatment in different subtypes.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty patients (31.9%) were characterized as cluster 1: AHI of 17.65 (11.80, 30.42) events·h−1, BMI of 23.65 ± 2.62 kg·m−2, with skeletal Class II high‐angle shape. Cluster 2 included 278 patients (38.5%): AHI of 17.00 (11.00, 26.48) events·h−1, BMI of 25.36 ± 2.53 kg·m−2, soft palate length (SPL) of 39.25 mm (36.12, 42.20), with basically normal skeleton and normal airway size. Cluster 3, consisting of 214 patients (29.6%), exhibited a combination of anatomical deformity and obesity, with the highest AHI and BMI of 45.35 (30.42, 62.53) events·h−1 and 27.57 ± 2.59 kg·m−2 respectively, but less deformity degree than cluster 1. Cluster 2 had the highest response rate and relatively mild side effects with MAD.ConclusionsOrthodontic treatment based on anatomical morphology could exert a better effect on mild‐moderate OSA patients with mild skeletal deformity.
On the existence of moral certainties: The case of the pisa‐suaves
Authors: Galli Enrico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecently, José María Ariso and Samuel Laves have critically debated whether killing innocent and non‐threatening people [=WK] is a universal moral certainty. One of the main topics of their discussion concerns the case of the pisa‐suaves, children born in the context of the Colombian civil war who grew up with the FARC guerrillas. While Laves argues that such children hold WK, Ariso rejects his claim and stresses that pisa‐suaves have no moral code of conduct. In my work, I side with Laves and contend that WK is a universal moral certainty. Accordingly, I maintain that (i) either pisa‐suaves possess WK and thereby count as human moral agents, or (ii) if they do not possess any moral code of conduct, then they cannot count as human moral agents and, in turn, their existence does not undermine WK's universality.
Herbicide residues in soil decrease microbe‐mediated plant protection
Authors: Fuchs B. , Saikkonen K. , Damerau A. , Yang B. , Helander M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The residues of glyphosate are found to remain in soils longer than previously reported, affecting rhizosphere microbes. This may adversely affect crop and other non‐target plants because the plant's resilience and resistance largely rely on plant‐associated microbes. Ubiquitous glyphosate residues in soil and how they impact mutualistic microbes inhabiting the aboveground plant parts are largely unexplored.

We studied the effects of herbicide residues in soil on Epichloë sp., which are common endophytic symbionts inhabiting aerial parts of cool‐season grasses. In this symbiosis, the obligate symbiont subsists entirely on its host plant, and in exchange, it provides alkaloids conferring resistance to herbivores for the host grass that invests little in its own chemical defence.

We first show decreased growth of Epichloë endophytes in vitro when directly exposed to two concentrations of glyphosate or glyphosate‐based herbicides. Second, we provide evidence for a reduction of Epichloë‐derived, insect‐toxic loline alkaloids in endophyte‐symbiotic meadow fescue (F. pratensis) plants growing in soil with a glyphosate history. Plants were grown for 2 years in an open field site, and natural herbivore infestation was correlated with the glyphosate‐mediated reduction of loline alkaloid concentrations.

Our findings indicate that herbicides residing in soil not only affect rhizosphere microbiota but also aerial plant endophyte functionality, which emphasizes the destructive effects of glyphosate on plant symbiotic microbes, here with cascading effects on plant–pest insect interactions.
Causal theories of the moving spotlight
Authors: Jhou Nihel H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper brings together the Sarvāstivāda (a major school of Abhidharma Buddhism) and Miller's (2019) moving spotlight theory to see how presentness is explained in terms of causation. The paper argues that a causal theory of presentness like Miller's encounters a dilemma: causation is either synchronic or diachronic, but neither is safe in the presence of the challenges. On the one hand, if causation is synchronic, how does a causal chain extend over time so that the wave of causation (and hence the spotlight) can move at all? On the other, if causation is diachronic, then a present moment has a temporal extension enough to accommodate a cause and its proximate effect. The paper proposes a synchronic notion of causation that counters the first challenge. This can be done by bringing together the Sarvāstivādin grasp‐production model of causation, some Stoic ideas about causation, and some Armstrong's metaphysics.
Stokes flow solutions in infinite and semi‐infinite porous channels
Authors: Bernardi Francesca , Chellam Shankararaman , Cogan N. G. , Moore M. N. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe derive a class of exact solutions for Stokes flow in infinite and semi‐infinite channel geometries with permeable walls. These simple, explicit, series expressions for both pressure and Stokes flow are valid for all permeability values. At the channel walls, we impose a no‐slip condition for the tangential fluid velocity and a condition based on Darcy's law for the normal fluid velocity. Fluid flow across the channel boundaries is driven by the pressure drop between the channel interior and exterior; we assume the exterior pressure to be constant. We show how the ground state is an exact solution in the infinite channel case. For the semi‐infinite channel domain, the ground‐state solutions approximate well the full exact solution in the bulk and we derive a method to improve their accuracy at the transverse wall. This study is motivated by the need to quantitatively understand the detailed fluid dynamics applicable in a variety of engineering applications including membrane‐based water purification, heat and mass transfer, and fuel cells.
Existence of solutions to gas expansion problem through a sharp corner for 2‐D Euler equations with general equation of state
Authors: Barthwal R. , Sekhar T. Raja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study the gas expansion problem by turning a sharp corner into a vacuum for the two‐dimensional (2‐D) pseudosteady compressible Euler equations with a convex equation of state. This problem can be considered as the interaction of a centered simple wave with a planar rarefaction wave. To obtain the global existence of a solution up to the vacuum boundary of the corresponding 2‐D Riemann problem, we consider several Goursat‐type boundary value problems for 2‐D self‐similar Euler equations and use the ideas of characteristic decomposition and bootstrap method. Further, we formulate 2‐D‐modified shallow water equations newly and solve a dam‐break‐type problem for them as an application of this work. Moreover, we also recover the results from the available literature for certain equations of states that provide a check that the results obtained in this article are actually correct.
Molecular findings and clinical manifestations of 18 Iranian children with Griscelli syndrome type 2: Two novel homozygote mutations in RAB27A gene in a patient
Authors: Tajik Shaghayegh , Badalzadeh Mohsen , Houshmand Massoud , Alizadeh Zahra , Moradi Leila , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Shafiei Alireza , Heris Javad Ahmadiani , Bahram Seiamak , Molitor Anne , Carapito Raphael , Moin Mostafa , Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza , Pourpak Zahra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGriscelli syndrome type 2 (GS2) is an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency characterized by hair hypopigmentation, recurrent fever, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. This study aims to find new genetic changes and clinical features in 18 children with GS2 caused by the RAB27A gene defect. In all, 18 Iranian children with GS2 who presented with silver grey hair and frequent pyogenic infection were included in this study. After recording demographic and clinical data, PCR sequencing of the RAB27A gene was performed for all exons and exon–intron boundaries. Two patients in this study were subjected to whole‐exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing. Light microscopy study of hair showed large irregular clumps of pigment with the absence of giant granules on the blood smear. Mutation analysis of the RAB27A gene identified two novel missense mutations as homozygous in a patient, one in exon 2, c.140G>C and another in exon 4, c.328G>T. In addition, for 17 other patients, 6 reported mutations were obtained including c.514_518delCAAGC, c.150_151delAGinsC, c.400_401delAA, c.340delA, c.428T>C and c.221A>G. The mutation c.514_518delCAAGC was the most frequent and found in 10 patients; this mutation may be considered a hotspot in Iran. Early diagnosis and treatment of RAB27A deficiency can contribute to better disease outcomes. In affected families, genetic results could be urgently needed to make a timely decision about haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and prenatal diagnosis.
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 regulates BRUTUS and affects iron acquisition and homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Mankotia Samriti , Singh Dhriti , Monika Kumari , Kalra Muskan , Meena Himani , Meena Varsha , Yadav Ram Kishor , Pandey Ajay Kumar , Satbhai Santosh B. 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYIron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for both plants and animals. Fe‐limitation significantly reduces crop yield and adversely impacts on human nutrition. Owing to limited bioavailability of Fe in soil, plants have adapted different strategies that not only regulate Fe‐uptake and homeostasis but also bring modifications in root system architecture to enhance survival. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the root growth responses will have critical implications for plant breeding. Fe‐uptake is regulated by a cascade of basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) in plants. In this study, we report that HY5 (Elongated Hypocotyl 5), a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family of TFs, plays an important role in the Fe‐deficiency signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The hy5 mutant failed to mount optimum Fe‐deficiency responses, and displayed root growth defects under Fe‐limitation. Our analysis revealed that the induction of the genes involved in Fe‐uptake pathway (FIT‐FER‐LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, FRO2‐FERRIC REDUCTION OXIDASE 2 and IRT1‐IRON‐REGULATED TRANSPORTER1) is reduced in the hy5 mutant as compared with the wild‐type plants under Fe‐deficiency. Moreover, we also found that the expression of coumarin biosynthesis genes is affected in the hy5 mutant under Fe‐deficiency. Our results also showed that HY5 negatively regulates BRUTUS (BTS) and POPEYE (PYE). Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed direct binding of HY5 to the promoters of BTS, FRO2 and PYE. Altogether, our results showed that HY5 plays an important role in the regulation of Fe‐deficiency responses in Arabidopsis.
Shearing-enhanced deep fluid circulation induces seismic anisotropy in the lower crust at slow-spreading oceanic ridges
Authors: Zhou Baojun , Liu Junlai , Yan Jiaxin , Hou Chunru , Chen Xiaoyu , Liu Chuanzhou , Wu Fuyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough long-lived detachment faulting plays an important role in fluid circulation and in accommodating tectonic extension at slow-spreading oceanic ridges, it is still unclear how the fluid-enriched faults contribute to the observed seismic anisotropy in the lower crust. We investigated sheared and altered gabbros along the detachment fault zones from the Xigaze ophiolite in the southern Tibetan Plateau. Results demonstrate that the positive feedback between fluid circulation and shearing, linked by dissolution-precipitation creep of amphibole, resulted in fluid enrichment during strain localization along the fault zones. Based on this shearing-enhanced fluid circulation model, our calculations of the seismic properties show that amphiboles (de)formed by dissolution-precipitation creep along the fault zones largely contribute to the seismic anisotropy (P and S waves) and S-wave delay time in the lower crust at slow-spreading ridges, with the polarization directions of fast shear waves being subparallel to the ridges. The strength of resulting seismic anisotropy is largely a function of crustal thickness, fault zone attitude, and metasomatism intensity. This study provides a novel explanation for the origin of seismic anisotropy in the lower oceanic crust at slow-spreading ridges. The conclusion may also have implications for the origin of seismic anisotropy at fast-spreading ridges where there are high melt supplies.
Supplemental Material: Dolomite recrystallization revealed by Δ<sub>47</sub>/U-Pb thermochronometry in the Upper Jurassic Arab Formation, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Gasparrini Marta , Mangenot Xavier , al. et 
Published: March 2023

<p>Dolomite petrography and O-C-Sr isotope geochemistry (including Tables S1 and S2 and Figures S1A–S1C), Δ<sub>47</sub> and U-Pb methods, additional Δ<sub>47</sub>/U-Pb data and discussion (including Figures S2 and S3), and U-Pb raw data (Table S3). </p>
Where are the missing people affected by tuberculosis? A programme review of patient-pathway and cascade of care to optimise tuberculosis case-finding, treatment and prevention in Cambodia
Authors: Teo Alvin Kuo Jing , Morishita Fukushi , Prem Kiesha , Eng Sothearith , An Yom , Huot Chan Yuda , Khun Kim Eam , Tieng Sivanna , Deng Serongkea , Tuot Sovannary , Yi Siyan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundCambodia has achieved great success in tuberculosis (TB) control in the past decade. Nevertheless, people with TB are missed by the health systems at different stages of the care pathway. This programme review corroborated the care-seeking behaviours of people with TB and TB services availability and estimated the number of people completing each step of the TB disease and TB preventive treatment (TPT) care cascade.MethodsPatient pathways and the care cascades for TB disease and TPT were constructed using data from the latest national TB prevalence survey, routine surveillance and programme, the global TB database and published studies. We also randomly selected TB survivors in the 2019 cohort to assess recurrence-free survival 1-year post-treatment. TPT care cascade was constructed for people living with HIV (PLHIV) and household contacts (children <5 years and all ages) of persons with bacteriologically-confirmed TB in 2019 and 2020.ResultsNationally, 54% of those who exhibited TB symptoms sought initial care in the private sector. Overall, 93% and 58% of people with presumptive TB did not access a facility with TB diagnostic and treatment services, respectively, at the first point of care-seeking. Approximately 56% (95% CI 52% to 57%) of the 47 000 (95% CI 31 000 to 68 000) estimated TB cases in 2019 achieved recurrence-free survival. Among the estimated PLHIV in Cambodia, <30% completed TPT. Among children <5 years, 53% (95% CI 29% to 65%) (2019) and 67% (95% CI 36% to 80%) (2020) of those eligible for TPT completed the regimen successfully. In 2019 and 2020, 23% (95% CI 22% to 25%) and 54% (95% CI 50% to 58%) of the estimated household contacts (all ages) eligible for TPT completed the regimen successfully.ConclusionThere are significant gaps in care-seeking, coverage and access to TB services and TPT in Cambodia. Action plans to improve TB response have been co-developed with local stakeholders to address the gaps throughout the care cascades.