bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Easy‐Cone Magnetic State Induced Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Low Driving Current in Spin‐Orbit Coupling 3D Magnetic Sensors
Authors: Su Wei , Hu Zhongqiang , Li Yaojin , Han Yongliang , Chen Yicheng , Wang Chenying , Jiang Zhuangde , He Zhexi , Wu Jingen , Zhou Ziyao , Wang Zhiguang , Liu Ming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMeasurement of 3D vector magnetic field is of vital importance for the development of magnetic navigation, biomedical diagnosis, and microimaging. Traditional 3D magnetic sensors require cooperation of multiple sensors on three orthogonal planes, resulting in disadvantages of bulky size and low spatial resolution. Recently proposed spin orbit torque sensor based on ferromagnetic/heavy‐metal heterostructures can detect three magnetic field components individually due to the different symmetries of current‐polarity‐dependent magnetization dynamic. However, the large driving current density and complex driving procedure hinder their practical application, especially in AC magnetic field detection. Herein, 3D magnetic sensors with dramatically reduced driving current density are reported, one fifth of the original value, by exquisite engineering of the magnetic anisotropy in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures. With further reduced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, the sensor in the easy‐cone state demonstrates a record‐high sensitivity of 31196 V A−1 T−1. More importantly, the easy‐cone state sensor can work with an ultralow driving current density of 3.8 kA cm−2, which is three orders lower than previous results. Although easy‐cone state sensor can only measure the z‐axis field, highly compact 3D magnetic sensor can be realized by adoption of two anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors, promising great potential application in space‐ and energy‐restricted scenarios.
Dynamically Reconstructed Collagen Fibers for Transmitting Mechanical Signals to Assist Macrophages Tracing Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang Chen , Wang Xiaochen , Xie Ruipei , Zhang Yiyu , Xia Tie , Lu Ying , Ye Fangfu , Zhang Peipei , Cao Ting , Xu Ye , Fan Qihui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConstructing proper in vitro tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is important for cancer immune‐therapy studies, while the selection of biomaterials is critical. As innate immune cells, macrophages can target and kill cancer cells in vivo at the early stage of tumor development. However, this targeting phenomenon has not been observed in vitro. Herein, a quasi‐3D in vitro cell culture model is constructed to mimic TIME by integrating hydrogel collagen as extracellular matrix for cells. In the collagen‐based quasi‐3D in vitro system, for the first time, it is found that macrophages can be attracted toward cancer cells along the dynamically reconstructed collagen fibers. By combining traction force microscopy and customized micro‐manipulator system, it is revealed that the collagen matrix‐transmitted tensile force signaling precisely guides the migration of macrophages toward cancer cells. The mechano‐responsiveness mechanism is related to the activation of mechanosensitive ion channels, and the induced local increase of calcium signal, which is proved to enhance the F‐actin assembly and to guide the cell migration. This novel mechanism advances the understanding of the role of collagen fibers in mechanotaxis of macrophages. Taken together, it has great potential for assisting biomaterial designs in developing new drug‐screening models and clinical strategies for cancer immune‐therapy.
Electron Conductive and Transparent Hydrogels for Recording Brain Neural Signals and Neuromodulation
Authors: Liang Quanduo , Shen Zhenzhen , Sun Xiguang , Yu Dehai , Liu Kewei , Mugo Samuel M. , Chen Wei , Wang Dong , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecording brain neural signals and optogenetic neuromodulations open frontiers in decoding brain neural information and neurodegenerative disease therapeutics. Conventional implantable probes suffer from modulus mismatch with biological tissues and an irreconcilable tradeoff between transparency and electron conductivity. Herein, a strategy is proposed to address these tradeoffs, which generates conductive and transparent hydrogels with polypyrrole‐decorated microgels as cross‐linkers. The optical transparency of the electrodes can be attributed to the special structures that allow light waves to bypass the microgel particles and minimize their interaction. Demonstrated by probing the hippocampus of rat brains, the biomimetic electrode shows a prolonged capacity for simultaneous optogenetic neuromodulation and recording of brain neural signals. More importantly, an intriguing brain–machine interaction is realized, which involves signal input to the brain, brain neural signal generation, and controlling limb behaviors. This breakthrough work represents a significant scientific advancement toward decoding brain neural information and developing neurodegenerative disease therapies.
Solution‐State Cooperative Luminescence Upconversion in Molecular Ytterbium Dimers
Authors: Soro Lohona K. , Knighton Richard C. , Avecilla Fernando , Thor Waygen , Przybilla Frédéric , Jeannin Olivier , Esteban‐Gomez David , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Charbonnière Loïc J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo homometallic ytterbium dimers are prepared and their solution‐state photoluminescence and upconversion properties are investigated. Both complexes exhibit two‐photon cooperative luminescence upconversion in the visible region (λem ≈ 510 nm) upon excitation into the near‐infrared Yb 2F5/2 ← 2F7/2 absorption band at 980 nm. This miniaturization of the cooperative luminescence phenomenon down to just two Yb ions unequivocally proves the mechanistic origins of this process. Time‐resolved measurements and excited‐state modeling indicate the presence of a slow recombination of two singly excited ions Yb*Yb* into a virtual excited state, which ultimately gives rise to the observed emission at ≈510 nm.
Neural Network Design of Multilayer Metamaterial for Temporal Differentiation
Authors: Knightley Tony , Yakovlev Alex , Pacheco‐Peña Victor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractControlling wave−matter interactions with metamaterials (MTMs) for the calculation of mathematical operations has become an important paradigm for analogue computing given their ability to dramatically increase computational processing speeds. Here, motivated by the importance of performing mathematical operations on temporal signals, multilayer MTMs with the ability to calculate the derivative of temporally modulated signals are proposed, designed, and studied. To do this, a neural network (NN) based algorithm is used to design the multilayer structures (alternating layers of indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2)) that can calculate the first temporal derivative of the envelope of an impinging electromagnetic signal modulated at telecom wavelengths (1550 nm). Different designs are presented using multiple incident temporal signals including a modulated Gaussian as well as modulated arbitrary functions, demonstrating an excellent agreement between the predicted results (NN results) and the theoretical (ideal) values. It is shown how the proposed NN‐based algorithm can complete its search of the design space for the layer thicknesses of the multilayer MTM after just a few seconds, with a low mean square error in the order of (or below) 10−4 when comparing the predicted results with the theoretical spectrum of the ideal temporal derivative.
Exciton Self‐Trapping Effect in MoSi2N4 for Modulating Nonlinear Optical Process
Authors: Huang Dapeng , Liang Fei , Guo Ruiqi , Lu Dazhi , Wang Jiyang , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoupling between polarized particles (excitons, phonons, and plasmas) in low‐dimension semiconductors can produce rich correlated states by exchange of energy and momentum, thus triggering many attractive electronic and optical applications if these correlated states can be controlled and modulated. Here, the broadband self‐trapped excitons (STEs) states covering visible to optical communication band are first demonstrated in the Mo‐vacancy‐rich MoSi2N4 films. A rapid establishment of STEs states (≈1–3 ps) is verified with the assistance of Mo‐vacancy induced defect levels. The modulation effect of STEs states on nonlinear optical processes is first verified, thereby yielding a switched saturable absorption (SA) behavior, which is novel and has not been reported in STEs‐related work and materials. Using Z‐scan technique, a switch of SA and reverse SA is achieved around optical density of 6 GW cm−2, obtaining a large saturated two‐photon absorption coefficient (βeff) of −8.66 × 103 cm GW−1 and a large unsaturated three‐photon absorption coefficient (γ) of 4.91 × 102 cm3 GW−2, respectively. The findings suggest that MoSi2N4 is a promising candidate for constructing novel STEs‐related devices and integrated nonlinear optics platform, and give rise to new horizons for practical implementations of two‐dimensional MoSi2N4 family.
Accurate Prediction of Microstructure of Composites using Machine Learning
Authors: Sang Sheng , Xu Chen , Fan Jiadi , Miao Daniel , Side Conner , Wang Ziping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this prospective work, a machine learning (ML) model based on multiple independent random forest models to predict the configuration of binary composite bars is developed. The input variables to the ML model are elastic wave signals collected at one end of the composite bar, while the targets of the ML model are binary vectors representing the configuration of the bars. This study results indicate: First, a short period of elastic wave propagated through a composite bar can collect and carry the detailed information of the entire bar; second, the patterns hidden in the collected signals can be detected, extracted, and used by the ML model; finally, the ML model can be well trained using a relatively small dataset pool (less than 0.1% of all possible samples), and make accurate predictions. For the 30 sections of bars used in this study, the average prediction accuracy for each section of this bar can reach 95% and even higher. This ML guided technique can be modified and used in different functionalities and applications such as composites characterization, structure health monitoring, limestone determination, and archaeological detection.
Combating Escherichia coli O157:H7 with Functionalized Chickpea‐Derived Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: He Qiao , Yang Zhehao , Zou Zhipeng , Qian Mengyan , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Xinhui , Yin Zhongping , Wang Jinhai , Ye Xingqian , Liu Donghong , Guo Mingming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance accelerates the desire for new antibacterial agents. Here, a class of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is designed by modifying the structural parameters of a natural chickpea‐derived AMP–Leg2, termed “functionalized chickpea‐derived Leg2 antimicrobial peptides” (FCLAPs). Among the FCLAPs, KTA and KTR show superior antibacterial efficacy against the foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 (with MICs in the range of 2.5–4.7 µmol L−1) and demonstrate satisfactory feasibility in alleviating E. coli O157:H7‐induced intestinal infection. Additionally, the low cytotoxicity along with insusceptibility to antimicrobial resistance increases the potential of FCLAPs as appealing antimicrobials. Combining the multi‐omics profiling andpeptide‐membrane interaction assays, a unique dual‐targeting mode of action is characterized. To specify the antibacterial mechanism, microscopical observations, membrane‐related physicochemical properties studies, and mass spectrometry assays are further performed. Data indicate that KTA and KTR induce membrane damage by initially targeting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus promoting the peptides to traverse the outer membrane. Subsequently, the peptides intercalate into the peptidoglycan (PGN) layer, blocking its synthesis, and causing a collapse of membrane structure. These findings altogether imply the great potential of KTA and KTR as promising antibacterial candidates in combating the growing threat of E. coli O157:H7.
High‐Performance Strain Sensors Based on Organohydrogel Microsphere Film for Wearable Human–Computer Interfacing
Authors: Zhai Kankan , Wang Hao , Ding Qiongling , Wu Zixuan , Ding Minghui , Tao Kai , Yang Bo‐Ru , Xie Xi , Li Chunwei , Wu Jin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStretchable hydrogel‐based strain sensors suffer from limited sensitivity, which urgently requires further breakthroughs for precise and stable human‐computer interaction. Here, an efficient microstructural engineering strategy is proposed to significantly enhance the sensitivity of hydrogel‐based strain sensors by sandwiching an emulsion‐polymerized polyacrylamide organohydrogel microsphere membrane between two Ecoflex films, which are accompanied by crack generation and propagation effects upon stretching. Consequently, the as‐developed strain sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) of 1275), wide detection range (100% strain), low hysteresis, ultralow detection limit (0.05% strain), good fatigue resistance, and low fabrication cost. In addition, the sensor features good water, dehydration, and frost resistance, enabling real‐time strain monitoring in various complex conditions due to the encapsulation of Ecoflex film and the addition of glycerol and KCl. Through further structural manipulation, the device achieves superior response to tiny strains, with a GF value of 98.3 in the strain range of less than 1.5%. Owing to the high strain sensing performance, the sensor is able to detect various human activities from swallowing to finger bending even under water. On this basis, a wireless sensing system with apnea warning and single‐channel gesture recognition capabilities is successfully demonstrated, demonstrating its great promise as wearable electronics.
Iodine‐Stabilized Organic Nanoparticle Dispersions for the Fabrication of 10% Efficient Non‐Fullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Manger Felix , Fischer Karen , Marlow Philipp , Röhm Holger , Sprau Christian , Colsmann Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance organic solar cells are deposited from eco‐friendly semiconductor dispersions by applying reversible electrostatic stabilization while omitting the need for stabilizing surfactants. The addition of iodine fosters the oxidation (p‐doping) of the light‐harvesting polymer, effectively promoting the electrostatic repulsion of the nanoparticles and hence the colloidal stability of the respective dispersions. The oxidation of polymers with iodine is reversible: after thin‐film deposition and after thermal evaporation of the iodine, the corresponding polymer:non‐fullerene solar cells yield power conversion efficiencies of up to 10.6%.
Complex congenital cardiovascular anomaly in a patient with AGO1‐associated disorder
Authors: Takagi Minako , Ono Shin , Kumaki Tatsuro , Nishimura Naoto , Murakami Hiroaki , Enomoto Yumi , Naruto Takuya , Ueda Hideaki , Kurosawa Kenji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPathogenic AGO1 variants have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial appearance. In mammalian models, defects in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis are associated with congenital heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. We describe the case of a patient with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, hypoplastic left lung, bilateral pulmonary sequestration, and dilated myocardiopathy. We identified a de novo pathogenic variant of AGO1, which encodes an Argonaute protein forming a gene‐silencing complex with microRNAs. The patient was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy with no apparent cause at 3 years of age. She was started on enalapril and carvedilol, and her heart failure was well controlled. We expanded the AGO1‐associated phenotype to include complex congenital cardiovascular anomaly and dilated cardiomyopathy in humans.
Halogen‐Incorporated Sn Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2Reduction to Formate
Authors: Wang Tian , Chen Jiadong , Ren Xinyi , Zhang Jincheng , Ding Jie , Liu Yuhang , Lim Kang Hui , Wang Junhu , Li Xuning , Yang Hongbin , Huang Yanqiang , Kawi Sibudjing , Liu Bin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectrochemically reducing CO2to valuable fuels or feedstocks is recognized as a promising strategy to simultaneously tackle the crises of fossil fuel shortage and carbon emission. Sn‐based catalysts have been widely studied for electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) to make formic acid/formate, which unfortunately still suffer from low activity, selectivity and stability. In this work, halogen (F, Cl, Br or I) was introduced into the Sn catalyst by a facile hydrolysis method. The presence of halogen was confirmed by a collection of ex situ and in situ characterizations, which rendered a more positive valence state of Sn in halogen‐incorporated Sn catalyst as compared to unmodified Sn under cathodic potentials in CO2RR and therefore tuned the adsorption strength of the key intermediate (*OCHO) toward formate formation. As a result, the halogen‐incorporated Sn catalyst exhibited greatly enhanced catalytic performance in electrochemical CO2RR to produce formate.
Ultralow percolation threshold biodegradable PLA/PBS/MWCNTs with segregated conductive networks for high‐performance electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Tian Guidong , He Hezhi , Xu Mohong , Liu Yufan , Gao Qi , Zhu Zhiwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe formation of dense and complete conductive networks in the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite is the basis for its excellent EMI shielding performance. In this work, biodegradable poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene succinate)/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PLA/PBS/MWCNTs) nanocomposites with segregated structures were successfully prepared via melt blending. Due to the successful preparation of segregated structures and the fact that MWCNTs were mainly dispersed in the PBS phase, an ultralow percolation value of 0.071 vol% was achieved in biodegradable PLA/PBS/MWCNTs nanocomposites. When the MWCNTs content is 0.499 vol%, the electrical conductivity of the PLA/PBS/MWCNTs nanocomposites with segregated structures is around 7.15 × 10−3 S/m, which is about 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of the PLA/PBS/MWCNTs nanocomposites with normal structures. When the MWCNTs content increased to 2.0 wt%, the average EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of segregated structures remained stable at 27.56 dB, which can effectively block 99.82% of the microwave radiation. Furthermore, as suggested in the EMI shielding analysis, the EMI shielding of PLA/PBS/MWCNTs nanocomposites is mainly through absorption shielding, so there will be no secondary environmental pollution. This study provides a practical and universal method to prepare biodegradable conductive polymer composites with ultralow percolation threshold and excellent EMI SE.
Metal‐ and Base‐Free Radical Cascade Cyclization/Hydrolysis of CN‐Containing 1,6‐Enynes with Ethers to Access Polyheterocycles
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Nan , Cai Xue‐Er , Wu Hong‐Li , Zhou Yu , Tian Wen‐Chan , Ruan Yiping , Liu Hongxin , Wei Wen‐Ting 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA convenient and straightforward approach for the radical cascade cyclization/hydrolysis of CN‐containing 1,6‐enynes with simple ethers under metal‐ and base‐free conditions is described. This strategy provides a variety of valuable ethers‐substituted polyheterocyclesviathe construction of three C−C bonds, one C=O bond, and two new six‐membered rings within a single procedure. The resulting products can smoothly undergo follow‐up conversions to various useful scaffolds. The methodology shows excellent functional group tolerance, high step‐ and atom‐ economy, and mild reaction conditions, which can be further scaled up to gram quantity in a satisfactory yield.
Input‐to‐state practical stability analysis and controller design of switched affine systems: An observer‐based approach
Authors: Xie Hongzhen , Zong Guangdeng , Yang Dong , Shi Kaibo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the problems of the input‐to‐state practical stability (ISPS) analysis and output feedback controller design for switched affine systems (SASs) subject to external disturbances. First, a switched affine observer is developed to estimate unmeasurable states. Then by combining the sampled‐data control approach, a less conservative mode‐dependent dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is established. The proposed dynamic ETM cannot only avoid Zeno behavior but also reduce the network transmission burden effectively. Further, based on time‐dependent Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and state‐dependent switching laws, a set of feasible ISPS conditions are presented in the LMI forms by means of singular value decomposition. The designed switching law depends upon the sampled‐data information of the estimated state and gets rid of the chattering phenomenon. Finally, an application example of the DC‐DC flyback converter is given to verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Search for dark photons in heavy‐ion collisions
Authors: Bratkovskaya Elena , Schmidt Ida , Gumberidze Malgorzata , Holzmann Romain 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe vector U‐bosons, or so‐called “dark photons,” are one of the possible candidates for the dark matter mediators. They are supposed to interact with the standard matter via a “vector portal” due to the symmetry group mixing which might make them visible in particle and heavy‐ion experiments. While there is no confirmed observation of dark photons, the detailed analysis of different experimental data allows us to estimate the upper limit for the kinetic mixing parameter depending on the mass of U‐bosons which is also unknown. We have introduced a procedure to define theoretical constraints on the upper limit of from heavy‐ion (as well as p + p and ) dilepton data. Our analysis is based on the microscopic Parton‐Hadron‐String Dynamics transport approach where we incorporated the decay of hypothetical U‐bosons to dileptons, , where the U‐bosons themselves are produced by the Dalitz decay of pions , η‐mesons , and Delta resonances . The extension of our procedure to other dark matter candidates is foreseen.