bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbitally forced and internal changes in West African rainfall interannual-to-decadal variability for the last 6,000 years
Authors: Crétat Julien , Harrison Sandy P , Braconnot Pascale , d'Agostino Roberta , Jungclaus Johann , Lohmann Gerrit , Shi Xiaoxu , Marti Olivier 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent variability in West African monsoon rainfall has been shown to be influenced by multiple ocean-atmosphere modes, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. How these modes will change in response to long term forcing is less well understood. Here we use four transient simulations driven by changes in orbital forcing and greenhouse gas concentrations over the past 6,000 years to examine the relationship between West African monsoon rainfall multiscale variability and changes in the modes associated with this variability. All four models show a near linear decline in monsoon rainfall over the past 6,000 years in response to the gradual weakening of the interhemispheric gradient in sea surface temperatures. The only modes that show a long-term trend are those associated with the strengthening of the El Niño Southern Oscillation from the mid-Holocene onwards. There are marked multi-centennial oscillations superimposed on the long-term trend in monsoon rainfall which are strongly associated with multi-centennial oscillations in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures in all models. However, the influence of different modes on interannual to multi-decadal rainfall variability is not consistent across the models. This is driven in one case by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and changes in Mediterranean sea surface temperatures, by tropical sea surface temperature changes in another, and in the fourth model by a combination of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Furthermore, multiple inter-basin teleconnections are associated with significant rainfall anomalies in each model.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders and factors associated with it among Ethiopian Migrant Returnees from the Middle East
Authors: Abera Sisay , Niguss Tadios , Tesfahun Esubalew , Mulu Tegegn , Kindu Bezabih , Tulu Mikiyas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Anxiety, depression, and unexplained physical symptoms are some of the distress states that commonly emerge as common mental disorders that are seen in primary care and community settings. The problem worsens regarding migrant individuals, especially when they are illegal in their existence. This problem has been observed in accordance with Ethiopian Middle East migrants as the majority of them move to the Gulf countries without the legal consent of the nation and the government of Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors of common mental disorders among Ethiopian migrant returnees from the Middle East.
A cross-sectional study design was used with both qualitative and quantitative data using 368 randomly selected samples of the returned migrants. The coded data was checked, cleaned, and entered into Epi Data and then exported into SPSS for analysis. Frequency, percent, figures, and tables were used to present the results of this study. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors. Besides, a Focused Group Discussion was held to identify factors which make the returnees suffer from the common mental illness.
The prevalence of common mental disorders in this study was 72.6%. The study participants displayed the following common mental illness symptoms: headache, poor sleep, being easily frightened, and being worried.
The prevalence of common mental disorders in this population of migrant returnees from different Middle East countries to Ethiopia was high compared to other study findings. Factors that were significantly related to common mental illness were occupational status, having a physical or medical illness, having a history of torture, and having a history of kidnapping. These factors were significantly related to common mental illness. The health office in Addis Ababa should raise public awareness about common mental illnesses and their consequences for the community.
Does visuospatial neglect contribute to standing balance within the first 12 weeks post-stroke? A prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Embrechts Elissa , Schröder Jonas , Nijboer Tanja C.W. , Waal Charlotte van der , Lafosse Christophe , Truijen Steven , Saeys Wim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background Although visuospatial neglect (VSN) has been suggested to limit recovery of standing balance post-stroke, recovery studies investigating this association by means of repeated within-subjects measurements early post-stroke are lacking. Therefore, this cohort study evaluated prospectively if VSN severity is longitudinally associated with (I) an inability to standing independently and (II) impaired postural control and an asymmetric weight-bearing in the first 12 weeks post-stroke. Methods Thirty-six hemiplegic individuals after a first-ever unilateral stroke were evaluated serially at weeks 3, 5, 8 and 12 post-stroke. Egocentric and allocentric VSN severity were evaluated using the Broken Hearts Test. The standing unperturbed item of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS-s) was used to evaluate standing independence. Posturographic measure of center-of-pressure velocities (COPvel−ML, COPvel−AP) and ground reactions forces during quiet standing were used as metrics reflecting postural control and weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA), respectively. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between egocentric and allocentric VSN, and BBS-s, COPvelML, COPvel−APand WBA within the first 12 weeks post-stroke. Results Egocentric (β= -0.08, 95%CI[-0.15;-0.01], P = .029) and allocentric VSN (β= -0.09, 95%CI[-0.15; -0.04], P = .002) were significant, independent factors for BBS-s scores in the first 12 weeks post-stroke. On the other hand, egocentric and allocentric VSN were no longer significant for COPvel−ML, COPvel−APand WBA in the first 12 weeks post-stroke, after correction for covariates age, muscle strength in the most-affected leg, and contralesional sensory loss. Conclusions Allocentric and egocentric VSN seem to contribute to a decreased standing independence, but not to impaired postural control or greater WBA in the early subacute post-stroke phase. The latter may result from VSN measures being not sensitive enough to detect fine-grained, residual attentional deficits once the individuals regained standing ability. Clinical Trial Registration. Clinicaltrials.gov. unique identifier NCT05060458.
Identification of promising high-affinity inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease from African Natural Products Databases by Virtual Screening
Authors: DIABATE Oudou , CISSE Cheickna , SANGARE Mamadou , Soremekun Opeyemi , Fatumo Segun , SHAFFER Jeffrey G. , DOUMBIA Seydou , WELE Mamadou 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With the rapid spread of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen agent of COVID-19 pandemic created a serious threat to global public health, requiring the most urgent research for potential therapeutic agents. The availability of genomic data of SARS-CoV-2 and efforts to determine the protein structure of the virus facilitated the identification of potent inhibitors by using structure-based approach and bioinformatics tools. Many pharmaceuticals have been proposed for the treatment of COVID-19, although their effectiveness has not been assessed yet. However, it is important to find out new-targeted drugs to overcome the resistance concern. Several viral proteins such as proteases, polymerases or structural proteins have been considered as potential therapeutic targets. But the virus target must be essential for host invasion match some drugability criterion. In this Work, we selected the highly validated pharmacological target main protease Mpro and we performed high throughput virtual screening of African Natural Products Databases such as NANPDB, EANPDB, AfroDb, and SANCDB to identify the most potent inhibitors with the best pharmacological properties. In total, 8753 natural compounds were virtually screened by AutoDock vina against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Two hundred and five (205) compounds showed high-affinity scores (less than − 10.0 Kcal/mol), while fifty-eight (58) filtered through Lipinski’s rules showed better affinity than known Mpro inhibitors (i.e., ABBV-744, Onalespib, Daunorubicin, Alpha-ketoamide, Perampanel, Carprefen, Celecoxib, Alprazolam, Trovafloxacin, Sarafloxacin, Ethyl biscoumacetate…). Those promising compounds could be considered for further investigations toward the developpement of SARS-CoV-2 drug development.
Uncovering Brain Functional Connectivity Disruption Patterns of Lung Cancer-related Pain
Authors: Wei Xiaotong , Lai Yong , Lan Xiaosong , Tan Yong , Zhang Jing , Liu Jiang , Chen Jiao , Wang Chengfang , Zhou Xiaoyu , Tang Yu , Liu Daihong , Zhang Jiuquan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pain is a pervasive symptom in lung cancer patients during the onset of the disease. This study aims to investigate the connectivity disruption patterns of the whole-brain functional network in lung cancer patients with cancer pain (CP+). We constructed individual whole-brain, region of interest (ROI)-level functional connectivity (FC) networks for 50 CP+ patients, 34 lung cancer patients without pain-related complaints (CP−), and 31 matched healthy controls (HC). Then, a ROI-based FC analysis was used to determine the disruptions of FC among the three groups. The relationships between aberrant FCs and clinical parameters were also characterized. The ROI-based FC analysis demonstrated that hypo-connectivity was present both in CP+ and CP− patients compared to HC, which were particularly clustered in the somatomotor and ventral attention, frontoparietal control, and default mode modules. Notably, compared to CP− patients, CP+ patients had hyper-connectivity in several brain regions mainly distributed in the somatomotor and visual modules, suggesting these abnormal FC patterns may be specific for cancer pain. Moreover, CP+ patients also showed increased intramodular and intermodular connectivity strength of the functional network. Finally, abnormal FCs within the prefrontal cortex and somatomotor cortex were positively correlated with pain intensity and pain duration, respectively. These findings suggested that lung cancer patients with cancer pain had disrupted connectivity in the intrinsic brain functional network, which may be the underlying neuroimaging mechanisms.
Visualizing oxygen transport pathways during intergranular oxidation in Ni-Cr
Authors: Weiser Martin , Olszta Matthew , Engelhard Mark , Zhu Zihua , Schreiber Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The transport paths of O during intergranular oxidation in binary Ni-Cr were investigated. To isolate this corrosion scenario, a CO/CO2 gas mixture the oxygen potential was kept under the Ni/NiO equilibrium. A combination of electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (APT) was used to study the nanometer-scale details of the passivation and penetrative intergranular oxidation processes at high-energy grain boundaries. Oxygen transport towards the terminating oxidation front is elucidated with dedicated usage of oxygen tracer exchange experiments. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and APT support classical theories of internal oxidation, revealing preferred transport paths at the oxide/alloy interface with sub-nanometer resolution.
Investigating the Benefit Incidence of Import Tariffs changes among Zimbabwean Households (2009-2014)
Authors: Mugocha Everisto Madziva 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Using import tariffs data from the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority and FinScope’s Income and Expenditure Surveys, this study estimates the benefit incidence of import tariffs in Zimbabwe over the period 2009–2014. The incidence of import tariffs and expenditure shares are compared using Lorenz curve estimations; over time, between male and female-headed households, rural and urban households, and household income groups. The findings indicate that the import tariffs were regressive over the given period, especially in rural areas. Poor households tended to bear much of the import tariff burden when compared to non-poor households. Female-headed households also bore a higher import tariff burden compared to male-headed households. These results suggest for inequality reducing trade policy reforms. Importantly, designing import tariff structures that cushion poor households from the negative import tariffs effect is important for Zimbabwe.
Lessons on the COVID-19 pandemic: who are the most affected
Authors: Xie Jun , Piao Xiangdan , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Epidemic prevention policies during COVID-19 are considered effective ways to protect lives, but the dramatically changing work and lifestyle under those policies significantly impact occupational stress. Based on the panel data of job stress checks from 2018 to 2021, this study explores the time and individual heterogeneity in the impacts of the pandemic on occupational stress. Following the job demand-resource theory, we further identified the most affected group of employees, given their workplace factors. Our findings show that, on average, occupational stress was alleviated initially in 2020 but deteriorated again in 2021. By examining the heterogeneity effects, we found that less motivated employees are more likely to experience a significant fluctuation in high-stress risk due to the pandemic. Providing adequate workplace support is expected to mitigate the high-stress risk, especially interpersonal relationships, support from managers, job meaning, job control, and work-life balance. Motivated employees experienced higher occupational stress in the early phase of the pandemic, while less motivated employees tended to have higher occupational stress in the following years of the pandemic. The most effective workplace factors to mitigate the negative pandemic impacts on occupational stress vary across the years, requiring continuing studies to understand and provide person-centered coping solutions.
Development of Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Prediction and Management System- Research study
Authors: Asmare Abeba Getachew , Thamineni Bheema Lingaiah. , Dasari Hanumesh Kumar. , Woldetsadik Solomon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease is one of a major global public health issue, affecting over 10% of the population worldwide. It is the leading cause of death in 2016 ranking 16th and is expected to rise to 5th rank by 2040.Consequently, tools to identify patients at high risk of having CKD and management of risk factors are needed, particularly in limited-resources settings where laboratory facilities are scarce. This study aimed to develop a risk prediction and management system using data from JUMC, SPHMMC and MTUTH.
Objective: To develop chronic kidney disease risk prediction and management system is using expert system.
Method :General chronic kidney disease risk factor were collected from expert knowledge .The identified general risk factors were applied on 384 patients data collected from three hospitals to identify risk factors in Ethiopia .The risk factors were identified using statistical analysis .After identifying the risk factors from the statistical analysis ,risk factor managements techniques were identified from expert knowledge. Knowledge gained from the expert knowledge and statistical analyses were combined and developed using rule based expert system.
Main outcome measure: Accuracy, Precision and recall are the parameters which have been evaluated from the developed system using confusion matrix.
Result: The system has showed 63.3 %, 65.3 %and 77.5%accuracy at 14%, 24% and 34% cut off percent respectively in estimating probability.
Conclusion: This study will have significance in preventing chronic kidney disease at early stage and creating awareness.
Funding Statement: The authors received no specific funding for this study.
Breastfeeding determinants at four months after birth: a case-control study in Maluku, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kabasubabo Francis K. , Kayembe Dynah M. , Tran Nguyen Toan , Akilimali Pierre Z. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life yields enormous health outcomes for children, mothers and their families. With only 35% of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) under six months, women in Kinshasa lag behind national and international goals. The drop in EBF is sharpest between three and four months postnatal. This exploratory study aimed at identifying and understanding the determinants of EBF at four months after birth.
Methods
This case-control study involved 80 EBF and 320 non-EBF women and applied bivariate and multivariate analysis to determine the association between independent variables and EBF.
Results
In multivariate analysis, the following maternal predictors were associated with EBF at four months postnatal: being in a union (aOR = 4.55; 95% CI: 1.30–11.27), early initiation of breastfeeding (aOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.29–7.70), breastfeeding information, education and counseling during antenatal care, after delivery, and at discharge (aOR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.35–6.51), having planned for at least five months of EBF (aOR = 16.87; 95% CI: 7.11–40.03), favorable attitude to breastfeeding in public (aOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.12–5.37), and the absence of depression (aOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.17–5.54). Also significant was being the firstborn child (aOR: 4.53; IC à 95%: 1.20–17.02).
Conclusions
Policies and interventions aimed at improving the provision of EBF information, education and counseling during antenatal care and after childbirth, supporting mothers in planning for EBF, encouraging early initiation of breastfeeding right after birth, and identifying mental health issues, such as depression, could be beneficial in improving exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Kinshasa and other provinces and communities lagging behind national and international breastfeeding goals.
Calculation method of HJC constitutive model parameters of natural joint angle slate
Authors: Wan Antong , Tao Tiejun , Tian Xingzhao , Xie Caijin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the course of underground engineering, geological conditions of layered slate are often encountered. Understanding the mechanical characteristics of layered slate is a prerequisite for engineering construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. As a result, at the beginning of the project, a large number of indoor tests were required, which is time-consuming and laborious. At the same time, the natural joint angle of the layered slate is random, so it is extremely difficult to establish a database of the mechanical characteristics of the layered slate. Therefore, it is urgent to find a simple and feasible method to determine the mechanical characteristics of the layered slate at a natural dip angle. Static test, Split-Hopkinson-Pressure-Bar (SHPB) test, and sensitivity analysis method are used in this paper. Taking five special joint angles (0 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 90 °) slate as the research object, the calculation method of Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model parameters of natural joint angle slate are constructed, and the relationship between the HJC model parameters and the joint dip angle of slate is deduced. The results will provide a simple and feasible numerical simulation method for slate dynamics analysis.
Glyco-conjugated thiosemicarbazones of substituted isatin containing D-galactose moiety: Synthesis, bacterial/fungal inhibition assay and molecular docking study
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Dinh , Giang Nguyen Thi Kim , Toan Vu Ngoc , Van Hoang Thi Kim , Tri Nguyen Minh , Anh Hoang Huu , Toan Duong Ngoc 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Some different isatin-thiosemicarbazones 4a-4h derived from corresponding substituted isatins and N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazide have been synthesized and studied for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Inhibitory activities of some better active compounds against several S. aureus enzymes, including two enzymes of bacterial topoisomerase type II, DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV (Topo IV), have also been determined. The obtained results showed that the potential compounds 4c, 4d, and 4e all exhibited remarkable activity on antimicrobial tests for five Gram-(+) and four Gram-(−) bacterial strains as well as five fungal strains. These most potent compounds were further studied induced fit docking and MM-GBSA researches. The obtained results indicated that H-binding interactions with residue Arg1122 on chain B, as well as stacking π-π interactions with residues DG10 and DC11 on chain E were important interactions, perhaps determining the high bioactivity of compound 4c. The 280 ns-MD simulation showed all the dynamic interactions that took place between inhibitor 4c and residues in active pocket of enzyme 2XCS during the period when it entered and settled in this pocket as well as its stability in receptor in order to induce the necessary biological reaction (i.e., the inhibitory activity of this enzyme of S. aureus).
Drag Assessment for Boundary Layer Control Schemes with Mass Injection
Authors: Fahland Georg , Atzori Marco , Frede Annika , Stroh Alexander , Frohnapfel Bettina , Gatti Davide 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present study considers uniform blowing in turbulent boundary layers as active flow control scheme for drag reduction on airfoils. The focus lies on the important question of how to quantify the drag reduction potential of this control scheme correctly. It is demonstrated that mass injection causes the body drag (the drag resulting from the stresses on the body) to differ from the wake survey drag (the momentum deficit in the wake of an airfoil), which is classically used in experiments as a surrogate for the former. This difference is related to the boundary layer control (BLC) penalty, an unavoidable drag portion which reflects the effort of a mass-injecting boundary layer control scheme. This is independent of how the control is implemented. With an integral momentum budget, we show that for the present control scheme, the wake survey drag contains the BLC penalty and is thus a measure for the inclusive drag of the airfoil, i.e. the one required to determine net drag reduction. The concept of the inclusive drag is extended also to boundary layers using the von Kàrmàn equation. This means that with mass injection the friction drag only is not sufficient to assess drag reduction also in canonical flows. Large Eddy Simulations and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of the flow around airfoils are utilized to demonstrate the significance of this distinction for the scheme of uniform blowing. When the inclusive drag is properly accounted for, control scenarios previously considered to yield drag reduction actually show drag increase.