bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive function differences as a function of parent‐reported binge eating and weight: Results from the adolescent brain cognitive development study
Authors: Rozzell‐Voss Kaitlin N. , Klimek‐Johnson Patrycja , Eichen Dawn M. , Brown Tiffany A. , Blashill Aaron J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundBinge eating is a relatively common disordered eating behavior among children, and is associated with poor health outcomes. Executive function (EF)—higher order cognitive abilities related to planning and impulse control—may be implicated in both binge eating and pediatric obesity. Although EF deficits are evident among individuals with obesity and/or binge eating, findings are mixed across the lifespan.MethodsThe present study examined differences in EF among children with varying weight statuses and parent‐reported binge eating. The sample included 10,017 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, aged 9–10 years.ResultsChildren with parent‐reported binge eating—either with overweight/obesity or normal weight—had significantly lower EF than those with no binge eating and a normal weight status but did not differ from those with no binge eating and overweight/obesity. Children with no binge eating and overweight/obesity also had statistically significantly lower EF than those with normal weight status. Although all significant differences between groups were negligible to very small, results may indicate similar neurocognitive profiles among children with binge eating and those with overweight/obesity.ConclusionsAlterations in EF among children with binge eating may not be solely related to weight‐specific factors, as significant differences also emerged among children with normal weight status, with versus without parent‐reported binge eating. Future research is needed to understand temporal associations between obesity, disordered eating, and neurocognition in children using multi‐informant methods for assessing binge eating.
Fatty acid metabolism disorders and potential therapeutic traditional Chinese medicines in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Liu Xianfeng , Xu Xinmei , Zhang Tao , Xu Lei , Tao Honglin , Liu Yue , Zhang Yi , Meng Xianli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are currently the primary cause of mortality in the whole world. Growing evidence indicated that the disturbances in cardiac fatty acid metabolism are crucial contributors in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The abnormal cardiac fatty acid metabolism usually leads to energy deficit, oxidative stress, excessive apoptosis, and inflammation. Targeting fatty acid metabolism has been regarded as a novel approach to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, there are currently no specific drugs that regulate fatty acid metabolism to treat cardiovascular diseases. Many traditional Chinese medicines have been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases in clinics. And modern studies have shown that they exert a cardioprotective effect by regulating the expression of key proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1. Hence, we systematically reviewed the relationship between fatty acid metabolism disorders and four types of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In addition, 18 extracts and eight monomer components from traditional Chinese medicines showed cardioprotective effects by restoring cardiac fatty acid metabolism. This work aims to provide a reference for the finding of novel cardioprotective agents targeting fatty acid metabolism.
The Role of V‐Species and O‐Species on Controlled‐Hydrogen‐Reduction VOx Surfaces in Cyclohexane Oxidation
Authors: Li Yingwei , Chen Shengxin , Jin Ying , Li Xinxin , Zhang Ruirui , Liu Ruixia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA series of controlled‐hydrogen‐reduction VOx (CHR‐VOx) were prepared after our controllable hydrogen treatment, and CHR‐VOx were controlled to be reduced to the states dominated by V5+ and V4+ species, subsequently the catalytic roles of V‐species and O‐species for cyclohexane (CHA) oxidation were explored. As expected, the surface properties of CHR‐VOx have occurred remarkable change resulting in a significantly improvement on catalytic performance determined by V‐species and O‐species. The reduction behavior of the properties was recognized by XPS and Raman. Generally, the moderate‐reduced CHR‐VOx which possessed most 78.7 % multi‐liganded‐oxygen (LO) performed the best conversion for CHA (11.8 %), and the over‐reduced CHR‐VOx with a large content of V4+ species (33 %) performed a best selectivity for adipic acid (44.3 %). In this case, LO sites were regarded as the active site to accelerate the activation of CHA, while V4+ species were regarded as the oxygen vacancies (OVs) through V4+−OV to contribute to the further oxidation to adipic acid.
Synthesis of Co3O4/NiCo2O4 Double‐Shelled Nanocages with Enhanced Capacitive and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Properties in Battery‐Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Meng Ya'nan , Yu Deyang , Guo Chunli , Liu Liangyu , Liu Xiaoyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanomaterials with hollow shell structure were studied and used in environment and energy technology due to their high specific capacity and good cycling stability. In this study, Co3O4/NiCo2O4 double‐shelled nanocages (DSNCs) were synthesized. Firstly, ZIF‐67 (Zeolitic imidazolate framework) was synthesized at room temperature; then, a ZIF‐67/Ni−Co layered double shelled hydroxides (LDH) structure was synthesized by preparing the shell structure with the use of nickel nitrate. Finally, this LDH was calcinated at 350 °C to form Co3O4/NiCo2O4 DSNCs. Among the prepared electrodes, Co3O4/NiCo2O4‐2 DSNCs exhibited the largest specific capacity (236.18 C g−1), with high cycling stability (103.43 %, 5000 cycles). Meanwhile, the assembled Co3O4/NiCo2O4‐2//AC BSH device showed outstanding cycling stability, with a specific capacitance retention rate of 85.39 % and a good coulombic efficiency of 96.35 % even after 10000 cycles. Moreover, in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), Co3O4/NiCo2O4‐2 DSNCs also had a low Tafel slope and overpotential (158 mV). Co3O4/NiCo2O4 DSNCs with enhanced electrochemical performance demonstrate that the property of energy conversion and storage can be improved by preparation of hollow structure.
Metal‐Free Visible‐Light‐Promoted Haloazidation/Cyclization of Phenyl‐Linked 1,6‐Enynes with TMSN3 and NIS/NBS**
Authors: Hu Lin‐Ping , Zhang De‐Run , Liu Feng‐Lin , Huang Xiao‐Hong , Li Xia , Teng Ming‐Yu , Liu Bo , Huang Guo‐Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA metal‐ and oxidant‐free procedure for the three‐component haloazidation/cyclization of phenyl‐linked 1,6‐enynes with TMSN3 and N‐iodo(bromo)succinimide under the irradiation of visible light was described. Moreover, this reaction involved a radical addition/5‐exo‐dig cyclization/radical coupling process, and realized simultaneous construction of C−N, C−C, and C−X (I, Br) bonds in one step.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Contact Sex Pheromone of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire
Authors: Yu Shihang , Wu Jianwei , Bian Qinghua , Wang Min , Zhong Jiangchun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAgrilus planipennis Fairmaire is a wood‐boring pest of ash trees. The contact sex pheromone of this pest was synthesized from chiral propylene oxide. This asymmetric synthesis was efficient and mainly involved the ring‐opening reaction of chiral propylene oxide, the stereospecific inversion of secondary tosylate and Wittig coupling of chiral aldehyde.
Biomimetic nanoparticles targeting atherosclerosis for diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Li Yuyu , Wang Jifang , Xie Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a typical chronic inflammatory vascular disease that seriously endangers human health. At present, oral lipid‐lowering or anti‐inflammatory drugs are clinically used to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. However, traditional oral drug treatments have problems such as low utilization, slow response, and serious side effects. Traditional nanodrug delivery systems are difficult to interactively recognize by normal biological organisms, and it is difficult to target the delivery of drugs to target lesions. Therefore, building a biomimetic nanodrug delivery system with targeted drug delivery based on the pathological characteristics of atherosclerosis is the key to achieving efficient and safe treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review, various nanodrug delivery systems that can target atherosclerosis are summarized and discussed. In addition, the future prospects and challenges of its clinical translation are also discussed.
The basis for ductility evaluation in SFRC structures in MC2020: An investigation on slabs and shallow beams
Authors: Colombo Matteo , Conforti Antonio , di Prisco Marco , Leporace‐Guimil Bruno , Plizzari Giovanni , Zani Giulio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe paper presents a synthesis of an extensive experimental campaign on linear and two‐dimensional steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) structural elements carried out to check the ductility requirements aimed at guaranteeing limit analysis approaches for the computation of ultimate load‐bearing capacity of SFRC structures; special attention is devoted to the role of the degree of redundancy of the structure. In particular, full‐scale shallow beams and slabs reinforced with steel fibers (with or without conventional longitudinal reinforcement) were tested in two different laboratories: the Politecnico di Milano (PoliMI) and the University of Brescia (UniBS). In this experimental campaign, two different fiber contents and fiber types were considered. The experimental investigation, carried out within the activities to support Annex L of Eurocode 2, was fundamental also for developing the design rules included in the fib Model Code 2020 and allowed to formulate conclusions regarding optimization of the mix design, ductility, and design prediction at the ultimate capacity.
Multifocal cerebral haemorrhage in two dogs with erythrocytosis
Authors: Danciu Cecilia‐Gabriella , O'Brien Kevin , Skovola Eleftheria , Crawford Abbe Harper 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn 8‐month‐old, female toy poodle and a 5‐year‐3‐month‐old, male, neutered Bernese Mountain dog presented with acute onset, progressive neurological deficits. Neurological examination findings were consistent with multifocal forebrain, brainstem and potential C1–C5 spinal cord segment involvement in both dogs. The toy poodle had a packed cell volume of 85% on presentation, and rapidly deteriorated to cardiopulmonary arrest. Postmortem examination revealed multifocal leptomeningeal, white and grey matter haemorrhage. Femoral bone marrow analysis revealed 95%:5% haematopoietic:fat ratio (reference value: 80%:20%). The Bernese Mountain dog had an initial packed cell volume of 81%. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head identified multifocal cerebral haemorrhage. The erythrocytosis was believed to be secondary to marked bilateral nephropathy. Following two phlebotomies, the packed cell volume decreased to 78%. However, the dog deteriorated and had a cardiopulmonary arrest. We report two clinical cases in which erythrocytosis was the cause of rapid and severe neurological deterioration.
Filter bubbles in recommender systems: Fact or fallacy—A systematic review
Authors: Areeb Qazi Mohammad , Nadeem Mohammad , Sohail Shahab Saquib , Imam Raza , Doctor Faiyaz , Himeur Yassine , Hussain Amir , Amira Abbes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA filter bubble refers to the phenomenon where Internet customization effectively isolates individuals from diverse opinions or materials, resulting in their exposure to only a select set of content. This can lead to the reinforcement of existing attitudes, beliefs, or conditions. In this study, our primary focus is to investigate the impact of filter bubbles in recommender systems (RSs). This pioneering research aims to uncover the reasons behind this problem, explore potential solutions, and propose an integrated tool to help users avoid filter bubbles in RSs. To achieve this objective, we conduct a systematic literature review on the topic of filter bubbles in RSs. The reviewed articles are carefully analyzed and classified, providing valuable insights that inform the development of an integrated approach. Notably, our review reveals evidence of filter bubbles in RSs, highlighting several biases that contribute to their existence. Moreover, we propose mechanisms to mitigate the impact of filter bubbles and demonstrate that incorporating diversity into recommendations can potentially help alleviate this issue. The findings of this timely review will serve as a benchmark for researchers working in interdisciplinary fields such as privacy, artificial intelligence ethics, and RSs. Furthermore, it will open new avenues for future research in related domains, prompting further exploration and advancement in this critical area.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Human Centricity and User Interaction
Application Areas > Internet
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Ethical Considerations
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Security and Privacy
Gradient estimates for the insulated conductivity problem with inclusions of the general m‐convex shapes
Authors: Zhao Zhiwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the insulated conductivity model with two touching or close‐to‐touching inclusions is considered in with . We establish the pointwise upper bounds on the gradient of the solution for the generalized m‐convex inclusions under these two cases with , which show that the singular behavior of the gradient in the thin gap between two inclusions is described by the first non‐zero eigenvalue of an elliptic operator of divergence form on . Finally, the sharpness of the estimates is also proved for two touching axisymmetric insulators, especially including curvilinear cubes.
Reasoning with Recommender Systems? Practical Reasoning, Digital Nudging, and Autonomy
Authors: Bartmann Marius 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the core tasks of recommender systems is often defined as follows: Find good items. Recommender systems are thus designed to support our decision-making by helping us find our way around the online world and guiding us to the things we want. However, relying on recommender systems has a profound effect on our decision-making because they structure the environment in which we make choices. In this contribution, I examine how recommender systems affect our practical reasoning and whether they pose a threat to autonomy, i.e., what influence recommender systems have on our capacity for making our own choices. I argue that a basic requirement for integrating automated recommendations in autonomous decision-making consists in being able to identify the rationale behind recommendations: only if we understand why we are being presented with certain recommendations is it possible for them to be integrated into decision-making in a way that preserves autonomy.
Biomarkers and Molecular Imaging in Postoperative DTC Management
Authors: Albano Domenico , Dondi Francesco , Bellini Pietro , Bertagna Francesco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe standard of care for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) includes surgery, risk-adapted postoperative radioiodine [iodine-131 (131I)] therapy, individualized thyroid hormone therapy, and follow-up for detection of patients with recurrent or persistent disease.Recently, several international associations like ATA, EANM, and SNMMI developed specific guidelines for the management of these patients. They shared that an individualized risk-adapted approach should be suggested considering the main clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological features. The postoperative management of DTC is a challenge because several biomarkers and molecular imaging tools are available. The choice of execution and the timing of neck ultrasound, serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody and basal/stimulated thyroglobulin, the 131I/123I diagnostic whole-body scans integrated by single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) if indicated, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) is directly related to the patients’ characteristics. In this chapter, we summarize the role of the main biomarker and molecular imaging examinations in the management of DTC patients in postoperative setting.
Definition of Radioactive Iodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer and Redifferentiation Strategies
Authors: Finessi M. , Liberini V. , Deandreis D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDifferentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC) presents a 10-year survival rate of > 90% in case of localized disease while in case of distant metastases prognosis is poorer. Radioactive iodine is the first-line therapy for ablation, adjuvant intent, and for the treatment of distant metastases.In case of distant metastases, 50% of these patients obtain complete remission or stabilization of the disease over a long-term period with RAI therapy. Unfortunately, the remaining 50% of these patients, with the most aggressive and rapidly progressive disease, develop a RAI refractory disease thyroid cancer with loss of the ability to concentrate RAI or disease progression despite RAI uptake and with consequently poor outcomes (5-year disease-specific survival rates of 60–70% and a 10-year survival rate of 10%). In these patients, other treatment modalities including locoregional or systemic treatment by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) should be preferred. Nevertheless, the definition of refractory thyroid cancer is still challenging and the decision to stop radioactive iodine and switch the therapeutic approach is still based on an individualized choice.Finally, a new approach by redifferentiation strategies combining TKI treatment and radioactive iodine is very promising for refractory and slowly progressive tumors.
Global Access to Cardiac Surgery Centers: Distribution, Disparities, and Targets
Authors: Vervoort Dominique , Babar Maryam Salma , Sabatino Marlena E. , Riaz Mehr Muhammad Adeel , Hey Matthew T. , Prakash Meghana P. H. , Mathari Sulayman El , Kpodonu Jacques 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlobal data on cardiac surgery centers are outdated and survey‐based. In 1995, there were 0.7 centers per million population, ranging from one per 120,000 in North America to one per 33 million in sub‐Saharan Africa. This study analyzes the contemporary distribution of cardiac surgery centers and proposes targets relative to countries’ cardiovascular disease (CVD) burdens.MethodsMedical databases, gray literature, and governmental reports were used to identify the most recent post‐2010 data that describe the number of centers performing cardiac surgery in each nation. The 2019 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease Results Tool provided national CVD burdens. One‐third of the CVD burden was assumed to be surgical. Center targets were proposed as the average or half of the average of centers per million surgical CVD patients in high‐income countries.Results5,111 cardiac surgery centers were identified across 230 nations and territories with available data, equaling 0.73 centers per million population. The median (interquartile range) number of centers ranged from 0 (0–0.06) per million in low‐income countries to 0.75 (0–1.44) in high‐income countries. Targets were 612.2 (optimistic) or 306.1 (conservative) centers per million surgical CVD incidence. In 2019, low‐income, lower‐middle‐income, and upper‐middle‐income countries possessed 34.8, 149.0, and 271.9 centers per million surgical CVD incidence.ConclusionLittle progress has been made to increase cardiac surgery centers per population despite growing CVD burdens. Today’s global cardiac surgical capacity remains insufficient, disproportionately affecting the world’s poorest regions.
Shear Behaviour of Fibreglass Rock Bolts for Various Pretension Loads
Authors: Gregor Peter , Mirzaghorbanali Ali , McDougall Kevin , Aziz Naj , Jodeiri Shokri Behshad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, after determining an appropriate experimental design and testing scheme to test the shear performance suitably, the impacts of pretension and shear interfaces on fibreglass rock bolts were investigated. For this purpose, at the first stage, the double shear testing apparatus was modified to address the issues and shortcomings of the established testing methodology. Then, 20-tonne and 30-tonne rock bolts were tested with pretension loads of 0 kN, 10 kN, 15 kN, and 20 kN for each test scheme. For this, a 40 MPa small aggregate concrete was used for all samples to simulate the host rock. The grout used to anchor the rock bolts was mixed to the product’s recommended guidelines to ensure close resemblance to field mixtures. To maintain consistency, all samples were manufactured with the same concrete and grout recipes. The results of double shear tests revealed that increasing the pretension also increased the confining pressures at the shear interfaces for clean joints. This, in turn, reduced the damage propagating from the bolt at the shear interface and decreased the hinge point bending. The results can be applied for further analytical and numerical studies, which could utilise for a better understanding of the shear behaviour of fibreglass rock bolts.
A stochastic model leading to various particle mass distributions including the RRSB distribution
Authors: Stoyan Dietrich , Zhang Zong-Xian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModern particle size statistics uses many different statistical distributions, but these distributions are empirical approximations for theoretically unknown relationships. This also holds true for the famous RRSB (Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennett) distribution. Based on the compound Poisson process, this paper introduces a simple stochastic model that leads to a general product form of particle mass distributions. The beauty of this product form is that its two factors characterize separately the two main components of samples of particles, namely, individual particle masses and total particle number. The RRSB distribution belongs to the class of distributions following the new model. Its simple product form can be a starting point for developing new particle mass distributions. The model is applied to the statistical analysis of samples of blast-produced fragments measured by hand, which enables a precise investigation of the mass-size relationship. This model-based analysis leads to plausible estimates of the mass and size factors and helps to understand the influence of blasting conditions on fragment-mass distributions.