bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STABILITY OF 3D-PRINTED POLYE-CAPROLACTONE COLLAGEN SCAFFOLDS IN A PORCINE CADAVERIC MODEL: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Flynn S. , Lemoine M. , Boland F. , O'Brien F. , O'Byrne J.M. 
Published: February 2023

Restoration a joint's articular surface following degenerative or traumatic pathology to the osteochondral unit pose a significant challenge. Recent advances have shown the utility of collagen-based scaffolds in the regeneration of osteochondral tissue. To provide these collagen scaffolds with the appropriate superstructure novel techniques in 3D printing have been investigated. This study investigates the use of polyɛ-caprolactone (PCL) collagen scaffolds in a porcine cadaveric model to establish the stability of the biomaterial once implanted.This study was performed in a porcine cadaveric knee model. 8mm defects were created in the medial femoral trochlea and repaired with a PCL collagen scaffold. Scaffolds were secured by one of three designs; Press Fit (PF), Press Fit with Rings (PFR), Press Fit with Fibrin Glue (PFFG). Mobilisation was simulated by mounting the pig legs on a continuous passive motion (CPM) machine for either 50 or 500 cycles. Biomechanical tensile testing was performed to examine the force required to displace the scaffold.18 legs were used (6 PF, 6 PFR, 6 PFFG). Fixation remained intact in 17 of the cohort (94%). None of the PF or PFFG scaffolds displaced after CPM cycling. Mean peak forces required to displace the scaffold were highest in the PFFG group (3.173 Newtons, Standard deviation = 1.392N). The lowest peak forces were observed in the PFR group (0.871N, SD = 0.412N), while mean peak force observed in the PF group was 2.436N (SD = 0.768). There was a significant difference between PFFG and PFR (p = 0.005). There was no statistical significance in the relationship between the other groups.PCL reinforcement of collagen scaffolds provide an innovative solution for improving stiffness of the construct, allowing easier handling for the surgeon. Increasing the stiffness of the scaffold also allows press fit solutions for reliable fixation. Press fit PCL collagen scaffolds with and without fibrin glue provide dependable stability. Tensile testing provides an objective analysis of scaffold fixation. Further investigation of PCL collagen scaffolds in a live animal model to establish quality of osteochondral tissue regeneration are required.
INVERSE KINEMATIC ALIGNMENT BETTER RESTORES THE NATIVE JOINT LINE WHILE ACHIEVING SIMILAR LAXITY TO GAP BALANCING TKA
Authors: Orsi A.D. , Wakelin E.A. , Plaskos C. , McMahon S. , Coffey S. 
Published: February 2023

Inverse Kinematic Alignment (iKA) and Gap Balancing (GB) aim to achieve a balanced TKA via component alignment. However, iKA aims to recreate the native joint line versus resecting the tibia perpendicular to the mechanical axis. This study aims to compare how two alignment methods impact 1) gap balance and laxity throughout flexion and 2) the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK).Two surgeons performed 75 robotic assisted iKA TKA's using a cruciate retaining implant. An anatomic tibial resection restored the native joint line. A digital joint tensioner measured laxity throughout flexion prior to femoral resection. Femoral component position was adjusted using predictive planning to optimize balance. After femoral resection, final joint laxity was collected. Planned GB (pGB) was simulated for all cases posthoc using a neutral tibial resection and adjusting femoral position to optimize balance. Differences in ML balance, laxity, and CPAK were compared between planned iKA (piKA) and pGB. ML balance and laxity were also compared between piKA and final (fiKA).piKA and pGB had similar ML balance and laxity, with mean differences <0.4mm. piKA more closely replicated native MPTA (Native=86.9±2.8°, piKA=87.8±1.8°, pGB=90±0°) and native LDFA (Native=87.5±2.7°, piKA=88.9±3°, pGB=90.8±3.5°). piKA planned for a more native CPAK distribution, with the most common types being II (22.7%), I (20%), III (18.7%), IV (18.7%) and V (18.7%). Most pGB knees were type V (28.4%), VII (37.8%), and III (16.2). fiKA and piKA had similar ML balance and laxity, however fiKA was more variable in midflexion and flexion (p<0.01).Although ML balance and laxity were similar between piKA and pGB, piKA better restored native joint line and CPAK type. The bulk of pGB knees were moved into types V, VII, and III due to the neutral tibial cut. Surgeons should be cognizant of how these differing alignment strategies affect knee phenotype.
THE USE OF MRI IN PREOPERATIVE PLANNING FOR MEDIAL UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Campbell T , Hill L , Wong H , Dow D , Stevenson O , Tay M.L. , Munro J T , Young S , Monk A P 
Published: February 2023

Contemporary indications for unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) include bone on bone radiographic changes in the medial compartment with relatively preserved lateral and patellofemoral compartments. The role of MRI in identifying candidates for UKR is commonplace. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between radiographic and MRI pre-operative grade and outcome following UKR.A retrospective analysis of medial UKR patients from 2017 to 2021. Inclusion criteria were medial UKR for osteoarthritis with pre-operative and post-operative Oxford Knee Scores (OKS), pre-operative radiographs and MRI.89 patients were included. Whilst all patients had grade 4 ICRS scores on MRI, 36/89 patients had grade 3 KL radiographic scores in the medial compartment, 50/89 had grade 4 KL scores on the medial compartment. Grade 3 KL with grade 4 IRCS medial compartment patients had a mean OKS change of 17.22 (Sd 9.190) meanwhile Grade 4 KL had a mean change of 17.54 (SD 9.001), with no statistical difference in the OKS change score following UKR between these two groups (p=0.873). Medial bone oedema was present in all but one patient. Whilst lateral compartment MRI ICRS scores ranged from 1 to 4 there was no association with MRI score of the lateral compartment and subsequent change in oxford score (P value 0.458). Patellofemoral Compartment (PFC) MRI ICRS ranged from 0 to 4. There was no association between PFC ICRS score and subsequent change in oxford knee score (P value .276)Radiographs may under report severity of some medial sided knee osteoarthritis. We conclude that in patients with grade 3 KL score that would normally not be considered for UKR, pre-operative MRI might identify grade 4 ICRS scores and this subset of patients have equivalent outcomes to patients with radiographic Grade 4 KL medial compartment osteoarthritis.
DYNAMIC 3D ANIMATION OPTIMIZING GLENOSPHERE CONFIGURATION IN REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Gupta V.K. , Van Niekerk M. , Hirner M. 
Published: February 2023

Scapular notching is a common problem following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). This is due to impingement between the humeral polyethylene cup and scapular neck in adduction and external rotation. Various glenoid component strategies have been described to combat scapular notching and enhance impingement-free range of motion (ROM). There is limited data available detailing optimal glenosphere position in RSA with an onlay configuration. The purpose of this study was to determine which glenosphere configurations would maximise impingement free ROM using an onlay RSA prosthesis.A three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) scan of a shoulder with Walch A1, Favard E0 glenoid morphology was segmented using validated software. An onlay RSA prosthesis was implanted and a computer model simulated external rotation and adduction motion of the virtual RSA prosthesis. Four glenosphere parameters were tested; diameter (36mm, 41mm), lateralization (0mm, 3mm, 6mm), inferior tilt (neutral, 5 degrees, 10 degrees), and inferior eccentric positioning (0.5mm, 1.5mm. 2.5mm, 3.5mm, 4.5mm). Eighty-four combinations were simulated. For each simulation, the humeral neck-shaft angle was 147 degrees and retroversion was 30 degrees.The largest increase in impingement-free range of motion resulted from increasing inferior eccentric positioning, gaining 15.0 degrees for external rotation and 18.8 degrees for adduction. Glenosphere lateralization increased external rotation motion by 13. 6 degrees and adduction by 4.3 degrees. Implanting larger diameter glenospheres increased external rotation and adduction by 9.4 and 10.1 degrees respectively. Glenosphere tilt had a negligible effect on impingement-free ROM.Maximizing inferior glenosphere eccentricity, lateralizing the glenosphere, and implanting larger glenosphere diameters improves impingement-free range of motion, in particular external rotation, of an onlay RSA prosthesis. Surgeons’ awareness of these trends can help optimize glenoid component position to maximise impingement-free ROM for RSA. Further studies are required to validate these findings in the context of scapulothoracic motion and soft tissue constraints.
POÉTICA HILSTIANA COMO EXORTAÇÃO
Authors: Guimarães Saves Fernando , José Gonçalves Aguinaldo 
Published: February 2023

Compreender a poética de Hilda Hilst é adentrar o universo inquietante do eu lírico que, à semelhança do filósofo grego, questiona a si mesmo, ao mundo e à realidade. A temporalidade na poesia hilstiana é sempre marcado, motivo de reflexões e veículo através do qual o eu lírico trafega de um espaço a outro, de um tempo a outro, revisitando momentos memoráveis, ideias e formas de pensamento. A existência na obra de Hilst é também apresentada ao leitor como um objeto de reflexão. Existência própria, existências outras, personagens fictícios ou reais que deixaram seus registros históricos no tempo. Hilst, muitas vezes classificada como expressão da metapoesia no Brasil, entretanto, não se deixa prender a rótulos, utilizando sua poética no confronto mesmo das tentativas, quaisquer que sejam elas, de solapar as asas de seu imaginário poético. Recorre a estratégias variadas de expressão linguística, traduzindo o seu fazer poético em ato político contra a opressão do homem político. Em Júbilo, memória, noviciado da paixão, a poeta traz o cenário mítico dos heróis e deuses da antiguidade, conjugando-o à cantiga lírica medieval galego-portuguesa do século XIII. Este trabalho é o resultado de uma tentativa de se abordar a poesia de Hilda Hilst a partir de uma perspectiva mítico-histórica, perspectiva esta que é proposta pela própria autora na forma pela qual desenvolveu sua poética na obra referida.
Saddle Toroid Arrays: Novel Grazing Incidence Optics for Synchrotron X-Ray Lithography
Authors: Rosser R. J. , Wormell P. M. J. H. 
Published: February 2023

Replacing the scanning mirror in a synchrotron lithography beamline with a fixed saddle-toroid array mirror will give uniform illumination over wafer-size fields, without the problem of moving parts in the high vacuum section of the beamline, the constraints of oscillating the electron beam in the storage ring or the engineering difficulties of moving the entire wafer alignment system.
Ray tracing results for one and two saddle-toroid systems are presented, showing that a single saddle-toroid mirror provides a satisfactory alternative to the scanning cylindrical mirrors used in existing lithography beamlines, if the input beam is uniform. A two element system, comprising a saddle-toroid and a cylindrical mirror, can be used to give a nearly rectangular patch of illumination, closely matched to the needs of lithography. However the total usable flux through the such a device is lower, because of the extra reflection.
Both designs require a uniform input beam and are not suitable for the gaussian profiled synchrotron beam. By using the techniques developed to produce micro-lens arrays, saddle-toroid arrays can be made which spatially average the beam. These provide outputs that are uniform, even from a synchrotron beam.
Though designed with storage ring x-ray lithography in mind, saddle-toroid arrays may have applications in expanding undulator and free-electron laser output.
Patents are pending.
Long-term use of clopidogrel versus ticagrelor or prasugrel in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kim Yuri , Jeong Myung Ho , An Minjeong , Cho Kyunghoon , Hong Youngjoon , Kim Juhan , Ahn Youngkeun 
Published: February 2023

Background and objectives
To compare the long-term clinical outcomes of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel and DAPT with ticagrelor or prasugrel in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent coronary intervention.

Methods
Between November 2011 and December 2015, a total of 13,104 patients with AMI were enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Health (KAMIR-NIH) registry. Among them, 4,696 patients who received DAPT for more than 24 months were categorized into two groups: the clopidogrel group (n = 4,053) and ticagrelor or prasugrel group (n = 643). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the bias due to confounding variables. Following PSM, the impacts of P2Y12 inhibitors on the clinical outcomes in both groups were compared during a 36-month clinical follow-up period.

Results
There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes in terms of cardiac death (7.1% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.101), stroke (1.4% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.436), major bleeding (0.5% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.478), major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (21.6% vs. 20.5%, p = 0.626), and net adverse cardiac event (NACE) (22.1% vs. 21.3%, p = 0.731) between the groups. The ticagrelor or prasugrel group had a lower incidence of recurrent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (12.2% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.006) than the clopidogrel group. However, no differences were observed in the cumulative incidences of 3-year NACE between the ticagrelor or prasugrel and clopidogrel groups.

Conclusions
Cumulative incidences of long-term NACE did not differ between the two groups. Therefore, the type and duration of DAPT should be customized for each patient with AMI.
HIV virologic response, patterns of drug resistance mutations and correlates among adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional study in Tanzania
Authors: Rugemalila Joan , Kamori Doreen , Kunambi Peter , Mizinduko Mucho , Sabasaba Amon , Masoud Salim , Msafiri Frank , Mugusi Sabina , Mutagonda Rita , Mlunde Linda , Amani Davis , Mboya Erick , Mahiti Macdonald , Ruhago George , Mushi Jeremiah , Sambu Veryeh , Mgomella George , Jullu Boniface , Maokola Werner , Njau Prosper , Mutayoba Beatrice , Barabona Godfrey , Ueno Takamasa , Pembe Andrea , Nagu Tumaini , Sunguya Bruno , Aboud Said 
Published: February 2023

Background
The emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) is of significant threat to achieving viral suppression (VS) in the quest to achieve global elimination targets. We hereby report virologic outcomes and patterns of acquired DRMs and its associated factors among adolescents and young adults (AYA) from a broader HIV drug resistance surveillance conducted in Tanzania.

Methods
Data of AYA was extracted from a cross-sectional study conducted in 36 selected facilities using a two-stage cluster sampling design. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected and samples with a viral load (VL) ≥1000 copies/mL underwent genotyping for the HIV-1 pol gene. Stanford HIV database algorithm predicted acquired DRMs, Fisher’s exact test and multivariable logistic regression assessed factors associated with DRMs and VS, respectively.

Findings
We analyzed data of 578 AYA on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 9–15 and ≥ 36 months; among them, 91.5% and 88.2% had VS (VL<1000copies/mL) at early and late time points, respectively. Genotyping of 64 participants (11.2%) who had VL ≥1000 copies/ml detected 71.9% of any DRM. Clinically relevant DRMs were K103N, M184V, M41L, T215Y/F, L210W/L, K70R, D67N, L89V/T, G118R, E138K, T66A, T97A and unexpectedly absent K65R. Participants on a protease inhibitor (PI) based regimen were twice as likely to not achieve VS compared to those on integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI). The initial VL done 6 months after ART initiation of ≥1000copies/mL was the primary factor associated with detecting DRMs (p = .019).

Conclusions
VS amongst AYA is lower than the third UNAIDs target. Additionally, a high prevalence of ADR and high levels of circulating clinically relevant DRMs may compromise the long-term VS in AYA. Furthermore, the first VL result of ≥1000copies/ml after ART initiation is a significant risk factor for developing DRMs. Thus, strict VL monitoring for early identification of treatment failure and genotypic testing during any ART switch is recommended to improve treatment outcomes for AYA.
p21CIP/WAF1 saRNA inhibits proliferative vitreoretinopathy in a rabbit model
Authors: Zhang Qi , Guo Yangchen , Kang Moorim , Lin Wei-Hsiang , Wu Jian-Cheng , Yu Ying , Li Long-Cheng , Sang Aimin 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease process resulting from proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in the vitreous and periretinal area, leading to periretinal membrane formation and traction and eventually to postoperative failure after vitreo-retinal surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). The present study was designed to test the therapeutic potential of a p21CIP/WAF1 (p21) inducing saRNA for PVR.

Methods
A chemically modified p21 saRNA (RAG1-40-53) was tested in cultured human RPE cells for p21 induction and for the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression. RAG1-40-53 was further conjugated to a cholesterol moiety and tested for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in rabbit eyes and for therapeutic effects after intravitreal administration in a rabbit PVR model established by injecting human RPE cells.

Results
RAG1-40-53 (0.3 mg, 1 mg) significantly induced p21 expression in RPE cells and inhibited cell proliferation, the progression of cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and TGF-β1 induced migration. After a single intravitreal injection into rabbit eyes, cholesterol-conjugated RAG1-40-53 exhibited sustained concentration in the vitreal humor beyond at least 8 days and prevented the progression of established PVR.

Conclusion
p21 saRNA could represent a novel therapeutics for PVR by exerting a antiproliferation and antimigration effect on RPE cells.
Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
Authors: Yuan Chen , Liu Liyun , Tayier Baihetiya , Ma Ting , Guan Lina , Mu Yuming , Li Yanhong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Given the miR-33’s mechanistic relationships with multiple etiological factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), we investigated the therapeutic potentials of dual-targeted microbubbles (HA-PANBs) in foam cell-specific release of anti-miR-33 (ANM33) oligonucleotides, resulting in the early prevention of AS progression and severity. The intracellular localization, loading optimization, and therapeutic effects of HA-PANBs were examined in detail in a co-cultured cell model of phagocytosis. Compared with non-targeting nanobubbles (NBs) and single-targeted microbubbles as controls, HA-PANBs efficiently delivered the ANM33 specifically to foam cells via sustained release, exhibiting its clinical value in mediating RNA silencing. Moreover, when used at a dose of 12 µg/mL HA-PANBs per 107 cells for 48 h, a higher release rate and drug efficacy were observed. Therefore, HA-PANBs, effectively targeting early AS foam cells, may represent a novel and optimal gene therapy approach for AS management.
The limit joint distributions of statistics of four tests of the NIST package
Authors: Savelov Maksim P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For sequences of independent random variables having a Bernoulli distribution with parameter p the limit joint distribution of statistics of four tests of the NIST statistical package (« Monobit Test », « Frequency Test within a Block », « Runs Test » and a generalization of « Non-overlapping Template Matching Test ») is obtained. Conditions of asymptotic uncorrelatedness and/or asymptotic independence of these statistics are given.
Effect of water-retention agents on Scomberomorus niphonius surimi after repeated freeze–thaw cycles: low-field NMR and MRI studies
Authors: Sun Shan , Lin Zhuyi , Cheng Shasha , Abd El-Aty A. M. , Tan Mingqian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Repeated freeze–thaw cycles can directly cause the changes in the water distribution, physicochemical characteristics, and microstructure of Scomberomorus niphonius surimi. To improve the quality of S. niphonius surimi, the effect of water retention agents (phosphate and trehalose) was investigated during freeze-thaw cycles. The results of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis showed that the water retention agents could obviously decrease the water loss and water mobility during repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Water retention agent significantly reduced the cook loss and improved the surimi quality by decreasing the surimi protein denaturation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization revealed that water retention agents could obviously ameliorate the protein structure damage. In addition, the principal component analysis combined with LF-NMR parameters showed clear discrimination between samples supplemented with different water retention agents. In a word, the LF-NMR and MRI might provide useful information in a non-invasive manner for monitoring the effects of water-retention agents on surimi after repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
Digital Public Policy: New Priorities for Nonprofits
Authors: Bernholz Lucy , Nothias Toussaint , Vavrovsky Amélie-Sophie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For decades, tax policy has shaped the outer boundaries of the policy agenda for the nonprofit sector. In this research note, we argue that the breadth and implications of the sector’s digital dependencies necessitate an expanded policy agenda that includes the regulatory domains defining digital spaces. Digital policy issues matter existentially to the sector writ-large, and thus deserve greater attention from scholars, funders, nonprofit leaders, and policy makers. We make this case by drawing on findings from two recent reports. The first one evaluates awareness of digital policies in the nonprofit sector. The second explores the role of nonprofits on digital policy issues during the first year of the Covid-19 global pandemic. Overall, we highlight the many digital policy issues that matter across the sector, and we underline why opportunities for future advocacy and coalition work are numerous, diverse, and existential.
Molecular characterization of Capripoxvirus isolates from Moroccan sheep
Authors: Saidi Aissa , Elmottaki Meriam , Sadikaoui Abderrahman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sheep pox is a highly contagious infectious viral disease (F/Poxviridae, G/Capripoxvirus), still causing economic damage in endemic zones like northern Africa, the Middle East, and many regions in Asia. Nevertheless, the clinical symptoms caused by sheep pox virus (SPPV) is similar to those caused by genetically related viruses, notably goat pox virus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). One of the main objectives of the current study is to characterize the virus; nasal swabs were taken from sheep showing SPPV clinical signs, submitted to molecular sequencing based on the P32 gene marker, and proceeded to genetic comparisons. Phylogenetic results showed that all virus isolate sequences cluster in the SPPV clade, thus distinguishing them from those of GTPV and LSDV. These results give an accurate diagnostic and a clear view of endemic viral strains, guiding veterinary managers in control politics, especially in the choice of a homologous vaccine.