bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy Reveals Trace Elemental Indicators of Life History in Marsupial Teeth
Authors: Parker William M. G. , Adams Justin W. , Hocking David P. , Fitzgerald Erich M. G. , Shaw Geoff , Renfree Marilyn B. , Evans Alistair R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As teeth develop, their mineralised composition is a bio-recorder of diet, environment, and growth. High-resolution elemental mapping provides a tool to reveal records of life history within teeth. The relative concentrations of a range of trace elements change between in utero development, birth, and weaning in eutherian mammals. Marsupials, however, have a different mode of development: altricial birth and growth within the pouch facilitated by compositional transitions in milk. How these differences alter patterns of elemental mineralisation and become recorded in marsupial teeth is previously unknown. This study analyses the distribution of calcium (major element), zinc (actively incorporated trace element), and strontium (passively incorporated trace element) in the teeth of five species of diprotodontian marsupial using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy. We find that the diprotodontian lower incisor concatenates elemental variation from across the molariform dentition, preserving a prolonged record of life history in four of the five species. Patterns of elemental incorporation in enamel, dentine, and cementum are presented, with Ca, Zn, and Sr having differing distributions. Zn accretion indicates a role in mineralisation and/or prevention of tooth degradation. Zn also demarcates incremental cementum lines. Sr is shown to be passively incorporated into marsupial teeth, with increasing Sr concentration in milk recorded in dental tissues formed contemporaneously. Older individuals have oscillatory signals in Sr that appear linked to seasonality. These findings highlight some similarities between eutherian and marsupial trace element incorporation, particularly in the distribution of Zn. Sr signals in marsupial teeth record key aspects of life history.
Modelling Temperature Profiles in Food Waste Composting: Monod Kinetics Under Varied Aeration Conditions
Authors: Lai Jia Chi , Then Yi Lung , Hwang Siaw San , Tam Yu Chao , Chua Cheryl Cai Ni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Composting has become a widely adopted alternative to landfilling for food waste management, offering significant environmental benefits by reducing waste and mitigating climate change. This study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of food waste composting by applying mathematical modelling to better understand the underlying biological and physiochemical mechanisms. First-order and Monod-type kinetic were incorporated to predict temperature variations in food waste composting under different aeration conditions. These models were solved and validated against experimental data to assess their predictive accuracy. In the composting process involved intermittent aeration, the modelled temperature profiles showed good agreement with experimental data, with mean temperature differences of 1.99 °C for the first-order and 2.16 °C for the Monod-type kinetic. Monod-type kinetic provided more consistent predictions, achieving a lower relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of 8.03%, while the first-order model exhibited larger temperature fluctuation. Notably, experimental data indicated a second peak in temperature on the seventh day, likely due to delayed microbial activity, a trend not fully captured by either model. In the composting process with continuous aeration, the Monod-type kinetic demonstrated better predictive performance at higher aeration rates, with an rRMSE of 10.82%. However, both models struggled to accurately predict complex temperature fluctuations at lower aeration rates. The results suggest that Monod-type kinetic provides superior prediction accuracy due to its ability to account for the interactions between multiple substrates and microorganisms. This study highlights the value of mathematical modelling in understanding and optimizing food waste composting processes. The findings offer practical insights for improving composting efficiency and operational management, ultimately contributing to reduced environmental impacts from food waste.
Actions of nilpotent groups on nilpotent groups
Authors: Burkhart Michael C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For finite nilpotent groups

$J$

and

$N$

, suppose

$J$

acts on

$N$

via automorphisms. We exhibit a decomposition of the first cohomology set in terms of the first cohomologies of the Sylow

$p$

-subgroups of

$J$

that mirrors the primary decomposition of

$H^1(J,N)$

for abelian

$N$

. We then show that if

$N \rtimes J$

acts on some non-empty set

$\Omega$

, where the action of

$N$

is transitive and for each prime

$p$

a Sylow

$p$

-subgroup of

$J$

fixes an element of

$\Omega$

, then

$J$

fixes an element of

$\Omega$

.
Adjoint‐State Reflection Traveltime Tomography for Velocity and Interface Inversion With Its Application in Central California Near Parkfield
Authors: Chen Guoxu , Chen Jing , Li Tianjue , Xu Mijian , Zhao Qi , Tong Ping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTraveltime tomography considering reflection arrivals is a promising approach for investigating interface topography and near‐interface velocity heterogeneity. In this study, we formulate this inverse problem as an eikonal equation‐constrained optimization problem, in which the traveltime field of the reflection wave is accurately described by a two‐stage eikonal equation. The novelty lies in deriving the Fréchet derivative with respect to interface topography. By employing the coordinate transformation technique to convert an irregular physical domain with an undulating interface to a regular computational domain, we successfully encode the interface topography into the anisotropic parameters in the eikonal equation. This approach enables us to derive explicit forms of the Fréchet derivatives related to interface topography and velocity based on the adjoint‐state method, which is not only computationally efficient but also avoids potential inaccuracy in ray tracing. Several numerical experiments are conducted to verify our new method. Finally, we apply this method to central California near Parkfield by inverting traveltimes of both first‐P and Moho‐reflected waves (named PmP). The low‐velocity anomalies imaged in the lower crust are consistent with the along‐strike variations of low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) beneath the San Andreas Fault (SAF), suggesting the presence of fluids that may influence the occurrence of LFEs in this region.
The Efficient Integration of Dust and Numerical Weather Prediction for Renewable Energy Applications
Authors: Chen Xi , Chong Mei , Lin Shian‐Jiann , Liang Zhi , Ginoux Paul , Liang Yuan , Zhang Bihui , Song Qian , Wang Shengkai , Li Jiawei , Liu Yimin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe growing demand for renewable energy underscores the importance of accurate dust forecasting in regions with abundant wind and solar resources. However, leading real‐time global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models often lack dust modules due to computational constraints. Current “Near‐Real‐Time” dust forecasting services can only run after the completion of NWP, failing to meet the timeliness requirements for reporting power generation plans to the grids. This work proposes a global dust‐weather integrated (iDust) model development paradigm, efficiently incorporating dust modules into the dynamical core. Using about one‐eighth additional computing power, iDust extends global 12.5 km resolution NWP with dust prediction capabilities. iDust's forecasting abilities are evaluated against ECMWF CAMS forecast and NASA MERRA2 reanalysis, including verifications over China from March to May 2023 and three extreme dust events. Results show that iDust outperforms its counterparts in dust storm forecasting intensity and timing. Using iDust, global 12.5‐km 10‐day hourly dust storm forecast simulations initiated at 00UTC can produce results by 06UTC, enabling timely forecasting of severe dust storms with concentrations exceeding 1,000 μg/m3. This novel capability of iDust can meet the urgent forecasting needs of the renewable energy industry for extreme dust conditions, supporting the green energy transition.
Frequency-bin-encoded entanglement-based quantum key distribution in a reconfigurable frequency-multiplexed network
Authors: Khodadad Kashi Anahita , Kues Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large-scale quantum networks require dynamic and resource-efficient solutions to reduce system complexity with maintained security and performance to support growing number of users over large distances. Current encoding schemes including time-bin, polarization, and orbital angular momentum, suffer from the lack of reconfigurability and thus scalability issues. Here, we demonstrate the first-time implementation of frequency-bin-encoded entanglement-based quantum key distribution and a reconfigurable distribution of entanglement using frequency-bin encoding. Specifically, we demonstrate a novel scalable frequency-bin basis analyzer module that allows for a passive random basis selection as a crucial step in quantum protocols, and importantly equips each user with a single detector rather than four detectors. This minimizes massively the resource overhead, reduces the dark count contribution, vulnerability to detector side-channel attacks, and the detector imbalance, hence providing an enhanced security. Our approach offers an adaptive frequency-multiplexing capability to increase the number of channels without hardware overhead, enabling increased secret key rate and reconfigurable multi-user operations. In perspective, our approach enables dynamic resource-minimized quantum key distribution among multiple users across diverse network topologies, and facilitates scalability to large-scale quantum networks.
Enhanced sensitivity and scalability with a Chip-Tip workflow enables deep single-cell proteomics
Authors: Ye Zilu , Sabatier Pierre , van der Hoeven Leander , Lechner Maico Y. , Phlairaharn Teeradon , Guzman Ulises H. , Liu Zhen , Huang Haoran , Huang Min , Li Xiangjun , Hartlmayr David , Izaguirre Fabiana , Seth Anjali , Joshi Hiren J. , Rodin Sergey , Grinnemo Karl-Henrik , Hørning Ole B. , Bekker-Jensen Dorte B. , Bache Nicolai , Olsen Jesper V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Single-cell proteomics (SCP) promises to revolutionize biomedicine by providing an unparalleled view of the proteome in individual cells. Here, we present a high-sensitivity SCP workflow named Chip-Tip, identifying >5,000 proteins in individual HeLa cells. It also facilitated direct detection of post-translational modifications in single cells, making the need for specific post-translational modification-enrichment unnecessary. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of processing up to 120 label-free SCP samples per day. An optimized tissue dissociation buffer enabled effective single-cell disaggregation of drug-treated cancer cell spheroids, refining overall SCP analysis. Analyzing nondirected human-induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation, we consistently quantified stem cell markers OCT4 and SOX2 in human-induced pluripotent stem cells and lineage markers such as GATA4 (endoderm), HAND1 (mesoderm) and MAP2 (ectoderm) in different embryoid body cells. Our workflow sets a benchmark in SCP for sensitivity and throughput, with broad applications in basic biology and biomedicine for identification of cell type-specific markers and therapeutic targets.
A simplified computational liver perfusion model, with applications to organ preservation
Authors: Emerson Daniel , Rabin Yoed , Kara Levent Burak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Advanced liver preservation strategies could revolutionize liver transplantation by extending preservation time, thereby allowing for broader availability and better matching of transplants. However, developing new cryopreservation protocols requires exploration of a complex design space, further complicated by the scarcity of real human livers to experiment upon. We aim to create computational models of the liver to aid in the development of new cryopreservation protocols. Towards this goal, we present an approach for generating 3D models of the liver vasculature by building upon the space colonization algorithm. Additionally, we introduce the concept of a super lobule which enables a computational abstraction of biological liver lobules. User-tunable parameters allow for vasculatures of varying depth and topology to be generated. In each model, we solve for a common lumped resistance value assigned to the super lobules, allowing the overall physiological blood pressure and flow rate through the liver to be preserved. We demonstrate our approach’s ability to maintain consistency between models of varying depth. Finally, we simulate steady state machine perfusion of the generated models and demonstrate how they can be used to quickly test the effect of different boundary conditions when designing organ preservation protocols.
In-silico screening and analysis of missense SNPs in human CYP3A4/5 affecting drug-enzyme interactions of FDA-approved COVID-19 antiviral drugs
Authors: Abdelazim Amro A. , Maged Mohamad , Abdelmaksoud Ahmed I. , Hassanein Sameh E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the prevailing form of genetic variations observed in the human population. Such variations could alter the encoded enzymes’ activities. CYP3A4/5 enzymes are involved in metabolizing drugs, notably antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we computationally investigated antiviral-enzyme interactions of CYP3A4/5 genetic variants. We also examined the deleterious impact of 751 missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CYP3A4/5 genes. An ensemble of bioinformatics tools, [SIFT, PolyPhen-2, cadd, revel, metaLr, mutation assessor, Panther, SNP&GO, PhD-SNP, SNAP, Meta-SNP, FATHMM, I-Mutant, MuPro, INPS, CONSURF, GPS 5.0, MusiteDeep and NetPhos], identified a total of 94 variants (47 SNPs in CYP3A4, 47 SNPs in CYP3A5) to potentially impact the structural integrity as well as the activity of the CYP3A4/5 enzymes. Molecular docking was done to recognize the structural stability and binding properties of the CYP3A4/5 protein isoforms with 3 FDA-approved antiviral drugs. Our findings indicated that the CYP3A4 gene variants; R418T, I335T and R130P and the CYP3A5 gene variants; I335T, L133P and R130Q are considered the most deleterious missense SNPs. These mutants potentially affect drug-enzyme binding and hence may alter therapeutic response. Cataloguing deleterious SNPs is essential for personalized gene-based pharmacotherapy.
Revision Surgery of Osteolysis of Carpal Bones Caused by Osteomyelitis after Pancarpal Arthrodesis with an En bloc Corticocancellous Bone Autograft
Authors: Senn Markus , Kircher Patrick R. , Unger Martin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVarious complications have been reported after pancarpal arthrodesis, but to our knowledge, no reports of complete carpal bone osteolysis leading to failure of the pancarpal arthrodesis have been described. Possible causes in our cases include primary or surgical trauma, as well as bone infections. The revision surgery in our cases employed a corticocancellous bone autograft from the iliac wing, which has been successfully used in nonunion fractures to refill bone defects. In both cases the graft was accepted well, complete bone fragment ingrowth and remodelling, and a stable arthrodesis of the carpal joint was achieved. In subsequent rechecks, the animals displayed good weight-bearing on the afflicted limbs.
Hemiartroplastia de quadril em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo: Uma série de casos retrospectivos e revisão da literatura
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Nageeb , Ordas-Bayon Alejandro , Doyle Catherine Mary , Echeverry-Martinez Maria F. , Horwitz Daniel S. 
Published: January 2025

Resumo
Objetivos As fraturas do colo femoral em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo são geralmente tratadas com hemiartroplastia ou artroplastia total do quadril de acordo com a presença de infiltração acetabular. Devido à escassez de relatos nesta área, o objetivo deste estudo é revisar os desfechos clínicos da hemiartroplastia do quadril em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo e os resultados e a sobrevida neste subconjunto de pacientes.
Métodos Um total de 15 pacientes (16 casos), com idade média de 71,7 anos e portadores de mieloma, foram submetidos à hemiartroplastia de quadril para tratamento de fraturas de colo femoral com luxação. Suas radiografias e dados clínicos foram avaliados. Destes casos, 13 passaram pela hemiartroplastia bipolar e três pela unipolar.
Resultados Após um acompanhamento médio de 18,2 meses desde o momento da cirurgia, 3 casos sofreram fraturas periprotéticas (18,75%), 4 casos (25%) tiveram ossificação heterotópica e 1 caso (6,25%) apresentou erosão acetabular. A mortalidade dos pacientes em 1 e 5 anos foi de 53,3 e 73,3%, respectivamente.
Conclusão A hemiartroplastia de quadril ainda é uma opção terapêutica viável em pacientes com mieloma. No entanto, a morbidade e a mortalidade podem ser altas nesses pacientes e devem ser compreendidas com sensatez antes da cirurgia para atingir bons resultados.
Policy Tensions Between Discourses on Internationalisation and Gender in Swedish Higher Education
Authors: Angervall Petra , Simonsson Angelica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One emphasised discourse in Swedish higher education policy is internationalisation, which is in line with EU recommendations to ensure a sustainable knowledge system. This knowledge system, perhaps especially in Sweden, also emphasises the importance of gender equity. In this study, we are interested in the recontextualisation between discourses of internationalisation and gender in Swedish higher education (HE) at both national and local levels. We use critical discourse analysis to examine two different examples: (1) discourses in national HE policy, and, (2) discourses at a Swedish university and one of its departments. Overall, we find that government discourses on HE are recontextualised in ways that support national, standardised interests rather than local university needs. Although these discourses emphasise the importance of both internationalisation and gender through articulations of mobility, sustainability and equity, there are strong individualistic aspirations in line with a meritocratic system. These patterns are even more pronounced at the local university level, where these discourses join to promote certain successful departments and academic subjects. In conclusion, the findings illustrate how the recontextualisation between internationalisation and gender discourses legitimises the prevailing gender divide — not the other way around — but also that this recontextualisation can create tensions and changes.
Comparison of temperature and humidity measurements from two separate weather stations at Camden Airport, Australia
Authors: Riley Matthew L. 
Published: January 2025

In Australia, meteorological measurements from air quality monitoring networks are an overlooked source of data for urban climatology and meteorology research and operations. The reasons for this are not clear but may include uncertainty in the quality of the observations. Here I compare over 1 million 1-min near surface air temperature (n = 516,334) and relative humidity (n = 516,717) measurements from two distinct observational stations at Camden Airport in New South Wales (NSW), Australia – the Bureau of Meteorology automatic weather station (AWS) and the NSW Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water’s air quality monitoring station (AQMS). Annual mean bias in the AQMS temperature measurements was −0.14°C. There were seasonal and diurnal variations in temperature bias, with monthly mean bias varying from −0.27 to +0.06°C and mean hourly bias varying between −0.39 and +0.11°C. Annual mean bias in AQMS humidity measurements was −0.37%, monthly mean bias varied from −2.21 to +1.44% and bias in mean hourly measurements varied between −2.64 and +2.66%. Temperature and humidity mean biases were both within the range of the combined instrument uncertainties. The seasonal and diurnal signal in the bias is likely due to differences in instrument siting and the different radiation shields (Stevenson and multi-plate). This analysis suggests that temperature and humidity measurements from the NSW AQMS are of high quality. The performance of the AQMS measurements matches the AWS measurements and, for most circumstances, the temperature and humidity measurements are comparable. Urban climatologists and meteorologists should consider data from air quality networks in their research and can use this data with confidence.
Tuning resistive switching behavior and conduction mechanism in Se₈₀Te₂₀ alloy with Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu additives
Authors: Kumari Nisha , Saraswat Vishnu , Mehta Neeraj , Dahshan A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present investigations comprehensively analyze the current-voltage characteristics and conduction mechanism in Se80Te20 (ST) and Se78Te20TM2 (STTM; where TM denotes transition metals Cu. Fe, Co, and Ni) glasses. This study focuses on a multi-component system and investigates the voltage-current characteristics of nearly identical disc-shaped specimens at various temperatures below their glass transition points. By analyzing the experimental data, we discovered resistive switching phenomena in the parent glass and its ternary variants containing transition metals Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. Remarkably, the resistive switching behavior of these samples has been observed to be related to the Meyer-Neldel rule. Additionally, our findings reveal space charge-limited conduction in binary and ternary alloys. We identified linear relationships between ln I and V1/2 across both low and high voltage ranges, which we explained using the Poole-Frenkel mechanism. While the I-V characteristics showed ohmic behavior at lower voltages, a transition to non-ohmic behavior at higher voltages was attributed to voltage-induced temperature effects.&#xD;
Emitting a large aperture coherent fiber laser array by a small footprint cascaded internal phase sensing system
Authors: Su Rongtao , Long Jinhu , Jiang Min , Jin Kaikai , Chang Hongxiang , Ma Yanxing , Zhou Pu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The large aperture coherent fiber laser array (CFLA) holds significant potential for diverse applications, such as optical communication, beam scanning, and energy transmission. In a large aperture CFLA system, precise phase control is of paramount importance; however, it encounters certain challenges. The main difficulty lies in phase detection and the reduction in control bandwidth with an increasing number of combined elements. This paper proposed and experimentally demonstrated a cascaded internal phase sensing technique employing a hybrid optimized algorithm. In the experiment, the entire CFLA had three sub-arrays, each comprising four beamlets. The stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm was employed to lock the phase of each sub-array, while compensating the phase differences among them using the single-frequency dithering algorithm. Consequently, the complete large aperture CFLA could be directly emitted into free space with locked phases. The average residual phase error was less than ∼λ/22. Additionally, interference patterns in the far field exhibited approximately 94% visibility with an emitting efficiency of 80%. Since the cascaded internal phase sensing system is compact and separated from the laser emitting system, our technique offers flexibility in designing both beam caliber and arrangement within the CFLA. This work provides practical insights for designing large aperture CFLA systems and achieving effective phase control.