bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous self-expandable valve implantation in patients with stented pulmonary arteries: case examples
Authors: Szeliga Judyta , Gewillig Marc , Góreczny Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCHDs affecting the right ventricular outflow tract often require repeated surgical or transcatheter interventions due to pulmonary insufficiency or stenosis. This study presents percutaneous implantation of large self-expanding valves in patients with complex right ventricular outflow tract anatomy after prior pulmonary branch stenting.
Bi‐Directional Spectro‐Polarimetry of Olivine Sand
Authors: Lee Chris H. , Bachmann Charles M. , Nur Nayma Binte , Golding Rachel M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe characterized the bi‐directional spectro‐polarimetry of olivine sands of varying grain size distributions for a comprehensive set of measurement and illumination angles over a wavelength range of 350–2,500 nm. Our laboratory instrumentation included a hyperspectral goniometer, a broadband linear polarizer, and a tungsten‐halogen illumination source. Three distinct grain size distributions of olivine sand samples were used in our experiments. As a function of azimuth, we measured a significant degree of anisotropic scattering, that depends directly on polarization angles, resulting in a distribution that cannot be accurately described solely using phase angle. For media of uniform or similar composition, we observed robust separability of grain size distributions using spectro‐polarimetry. We compared Hapke's polarimetric model for semi‐infinite granular media with a new empirical polarimetric model that we developed. This empirical model more accurately replicates the scattering of unpolarized incident light as a function of all view azimuth, view zenith, and polarization angles for all incident zenith angles. Parameters of our empirical polarimetric model that determine the magnitude of polarization correlate linearly with the inverse diffuse reflectances of the olivine sand samples, exhibiting phenomenology that is most likely due to the Umov effect. Because of the linearity of the correlations, our results show that polarimetry can be used to retrieve medium parameters, such as grain size distributions. We provide our data online and freely available in a Zenodo/GitHub repository.
An Interpretable Deep Inference Model With Dynamic Constraints for Forecasting the Evolution of Sea Surface Variables in the South China Sea
Authors: Shao Qi , Hou Guangchao , Li Wei , Han Guijun , Duan Maoteng , Zheng Qingyu , Hu Song 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn interpretable deep inference forecasting model is designed to improve the forecasting capability of sea surface variables. By incorporating the air‐sea coupling mechanism as a dynamic constraint, the interpretability and forecasting performance of the model are improved. More specifically, our findings underscore the critical role of air‐sea interactions in forecasting sea surface variables, especially sea surface temperature (SST) variations induced by tropical cyclones (TCs). Additionally, Liang‐Kleeman information flow (IF), a causal inference method, is introduced to optimize the selection of predictors. Using satellite remote sensing data, our study demonstrates the model's capability in realizing sea surface multivariate forecasts in the South China Sea (SCS) within 10 days. More importantly, the experimental results prove the applicability of the model in both normal and extreme weather conditions, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing sea surface variables forecasting.
Accelerated River Mobility Linked to Water Discharge Variability
Authors: Leenman Anya , Greenberg Evan , Moulds Simon , Wortmann Michel , Slater Louise , Ganti Vamsi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding drivers of river mobility—temporal shifts in river channel positions—is critical for managing fluvial landscapes sustainably and for interpreting past river responses to climate change. However, direct observations linking river mobility and water discharge variability are scarce. Here, we pair multi‐annual measurements of daily water discharge and river mobility, estimated from Landsat, for 48 rivers worldwide. We show that, across climates and planforms, river mobility is correlated with water discharge variability over daily, intra‐annual, and inter‐annual timescales. For similar mean discharge, higher discharge variability is associated with up to an order‐of‐magnitude faster floodplain reworking. A random forest regression model indicates that discharge variability is the primary predictor of river mobility, when compared to mean water discharge, sediment concentration, and channel‐bed slope. Our results suggest that enhanced hydro‐climatic extremes could accelerate future river mobility, and that past changes to discharge variability may explain the fabric of fluvial strata.
Global Ionospheric Response to X‐Class Flares During the Solar Cycle 24: An Investigation Using IGS Network
Authors: Sreeraj M. S. , Sumod S. G. , Kavya E. M. , Mildred Sruthi , Pant T. K. , Hari Priyadarshan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, we have comprehensively investigated the ionospheric response to all the 49 X‐class flares that occurred during the solar cycle 24, using high‐cadence Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements obtained from International Global Navigation Satellite System Service (IGS) networks, spanning more than 500 stations across the globe. GOES measured X‐ray emissions in the 0.1–0.8 nm band and SOHO‐recorded extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiations in the 26–34 nm band have been used to characterize the flare radiations. The analysis of spatial variability in global distribution of flare‐induced TEC (TEC) indicates a clear‐cut dependence on Solar Zenith Angle (SZA). The ratio of TEC at to that at was found to vary from 0.13 to 0.87, with an average value of 0.45. The non‐linear increase in X‐ray and EUV during the flares has been corrected by incorporating the Central Meridian Distance (CMD) on X‐ray measurements and found that the correlation between TEC and X‐ray has been increased from 0.45 to 0.93. The CMD effect was more pronounced for stronger flare classes and those occurring closer to the solar limb. The inter‐comparison of these results with the previous cycle indicates that overall features match fairly well despite the reduced activity and fewer flares in cycle 24. The importance of the study lies not only in showing the quantitative analysis of global flare‐induced ionospheric variability during solar cycle 24, probably for the first time, but also helpful for “space weather” predictions in view of its relevance in communication and navigation scenarios.
Pick‐Up ion Distributions in the Inner and Middle Saturnian Magnetosphere
Authors: Radulescu Cristian R. , Coates Andrew J. , Simon Sven , Verscharen Daniel , Jones Geraint H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBased on the entire dataset collected by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer, we provide a comprehensive picture of the pitch angle (PA) and velocity distributions of pick‐up ions (PUIs) in Saturn's inner and middle magnetosphere. We investigate the dependence of these distributions on Saturnian Local Time and magnetic latitude. We also search for correlations with the signatures of ion cyclotron waves (ICWs) observed by the Cassini magnetometer. Our survey reveals that ion PA distributions have a pancake shape and their full width increases monotonically with magnetic latitude. This increase in angular width is anti‐correlated with the observed amplitudes of ICWs that are generated during the thermalization of the PUI distribution. We find no evidence of the previously observed, non‐monotonic change of wave amplitudes with magnetic latitude mapping into the width of the PA distributions. This suggests that only a small fraction of the energy deposited into the waves is transferred back to the ions to broaden the distribution. We find that the PA scattering time is several times the bounce period, meaning PUIs become PA scattered only after completing several cycles of bounce motion and, hence migrating to higher latitudes by the time they become more isotropic. When moving away from Saturn's magnetic equatorial plane, the observed half‐width of the velocity distributions does not evolve appreciably with latitude and shell value. This behavior changes only outside the orbit of Rhea where the observed velocity distributions begin to broaden due to elevated plasma temperatures.
A Study of the Diurnal Tide in the MLT Region During the 2020 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Over Yinchuan, China (38.8°N, 106.8°E)
Authors: Gong Yun , Bao Jiaxin , Zhang Shaodong , Ma Zheng , Zhou Qihou , Luo Jiahui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe present a study of diurnal tidal variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region over Yinchuan (38.8°N, 106.8°E) during the 2020 Northern Hemisphere winter sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. This research utilizes data from a newly established meteor radar at Yinchuan, in conjunction with the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with Thermosphere and Ionosphere Extension (SD‐WACCM‐X), the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2) reanalysis data, and a meteor radar in Beijing, China (40.3°N, 116.2°E). Our analysis reveals a significant enhancement in the amplitude of the diurnal tide during the 2020 SSW in both meridional and zonal wind components, exceeding the climatological mean by two standard deviations. The variation in the ratio of absolute vorticity to planetary vorticity in the MLT region is known to correlate with diurnal tide amplitude. Our findings indicate that the zonal‐mean zonal wind in the MLT underwent a dramatic change during the SSW, with the ratio beginning to decrease 2 days prior to the event. This suggests that changes in the zonal‐mean zonal wind during the SSW may play a crucial role in the observed amplification of the diurnal tidal amplitudes. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to better understand the amplification of diurnal tides in the MLT region during SSWs.
Testing Driving Mechanisms of Megathrust Seismicity With Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Graciosa Juan Carlos , Capitanio Fabio A. , Beall Adam , Hargreaves Mitchell , Gollapalli Thyagarajulu , Tang Titus , Zuhair Mohd 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe correlation between subduction zone features and megathrust seismicity provides relevant clues on what controls the generation, location and clustering of mega‐earthquakes (magnitudes Mw ≥ 8.0). Thus far, weak correlations are found between subduction zone parameters and seismicity through bivariate statistical analyses. Here, we used Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to assess the relevance of geophysical properties and tectonic motions along major subduction zones, paired with novel proxies of slab stress from calculations of buoyancy‐driven subduction. The features derived from these data sets, describing the physical state, kinematics, and dynamics, served as inputs to a Fully Connected Network (FCN) trained to classify segments according to the largest earthquake magnitude that ruptured it. The subsequent use of Layer‐wise Relevance Propagation, an XAI technique, on a trained FCN provides an estimate of the relevance of the input, identifying the features most relevant to the classification. The XAI procedure confirmed the importance of subduction interface curvature, sediment thickness, long wavelength bathymetric roughness, and free‐air gravity anomalies, as previously proposed. Interestingly, our procedure revealed the importance of slabs extending to the upper mantle as well as the trench‐parallel slab stress, showing how three‐dimensional subduction forces may control large earthquakes. This suggests the preferential occurrence of large earthquakes on megathrust segments around slab steps and edges, where the slab depth measured along trench varies abruptly. At these steps, the trench‐parallel forcing is maximized by the excess load of neighboring deeper slabs.
Stormy Subtropics and Stratiform South: Radar‐Based Classification and Analysis of Australian Rainfall Events
Authors: Bowden Annabel , Jakob Christian , Soderholm Joshua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAustralia has a large operational weather radar network spanning multiple climatic regimes. However, data from this network is not commonly used to obtain heavy rainfall event characteristics. Drawing on the methodology presented in Bowden et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jd039253), areal radar variables are used to identify and characterize rainfall events at 15 Australian radar sites over an 11‐year period. Rainfall events over all sites are grouped into three clusters based on their characteristics—stratiform (low rainfall intensities and small contributions from convective areas), convective (localized with high rainfall intensities and strong contributions from convective areas), and persistent (long‐lasting, moderately intense, extensive events). Further, the top 100 events by accumulation and intensity were identified for each site. Stratiform cluster events are most common in the cool season, convective cluster events are most common in the warm season, and persistent cluster events exhibit strong regional variation in seasonal occurrence over Australia. Convective cluster events are most common at tropical and subtropical sites, and stratiform cluster events are most common at mid‐latitude sites. Persistent cluster rainfall events occur least frequently, but make significant contributions to rainfall totals around Australia. Furthermore, almost all high accumulation rainfall events belong to the persistent cluster, and most high intensity events belong to the convective cluster. Examination of rainfall event environments with reanalysis data shows that persistent cluster events and high accumulation events both occur in environments with strong positive column moisture anomalies and mid‐level ascent, consistent with past findings on Australian heavy rainfall environments.
The Timing of the Middle Pleistocene Glacial Terminations Based on 40Ar/39Ar Detrital Sanidine Dating
Authors: Marino Gianluca , Marra Fabrizio , Jicha Brian , Bulian Francesca , Florindo Fabio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSediments were deposited since 1,300 ka in the Paleotiber delta, near the coast of Rome. They generally consist of fining‐upward sequences, with abrupt transitions from gravel to sand and/or clay that reflect changes in the regional base level due to rapid sea‐level rise. These aggradational successions can be precisely dated using 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, by exploiting the frequent volcanic activity of the Roman Magmatic Region and the associated widespread occurrence of potassium‐rich primary volcanic deposits. Here we present, new detrital sanidine 40Ar/39Ar‐based chronologies for five aggradational successions deposited between ∼960 ka and ∼600 ka in the Paleotiber delta that are corroborated by vertical and lateral stratigraphic analysis. This stratigraphic framework of fining‐upward sequences is interpreted as the local expression of high‐amplitude, sea‐level rise during the glacial terminations of the Middle Pleistocene. Comparison with a global stack of stable oxygen isotopes measured in benthic foraminifera and/or with radiometrically dated speleothems shows agreement across glacial terminations XII, IX, and VIII, while a ∼10 kyr mismatch is found in the timing of glacial termination VII. The relatively small chronological uncertainties (2–2.5 kyr at the 2σ level) associated with the reconstructed timing of glacial termination IX allow for a direct comparison with the last glacial termination, revealing remarkably similar lags behind orbital forcing, as both terminations share a similar orbital configuration but differ in the ice volumes at their preceding glacial maxima.
Neuron-inspired CsPbBr3/PDMS nanospheres for multi-dimensional sensing and interactive displays
Authors: Cai Junhu , Zhang Xiang , Chen Yu , Lai Wenzong , Ye Yun , Xu Sheng , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang , Luo Jiajun , Chen Enguo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multifunctional materials have attracted tremendous attention in intelligent and interactive devices. However, achieving multi-dimensional sensing capabilities with the same perovskite quantum dot (PQD) material is still in its infancy, with some considering it currently challenging and even unattainable. Drawing inspiration from neurons, a novel multifunctional CsPbBr3/PDMS nanosphere is devised to sense humidity, temperature, and pressure simultaneously with unique interactive responses. The carefully engineered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) shell enables the reversible activity of the core CsPbBr3, serving a dual role similar to dendrites in conveying and evaluating external stimuli with high sensitivity. Molecular dynamics analysis reveals that the PDMS shell with proper pore density enhances the conductivity in water and heat, imparting CsPbBr3 with sensitive but reversible properties. By tailoring the crosslinking density of the PDMS shell, nanospheres can surprisingly show customized sensitivity and reversible responses to different level of stimuli, achieving over 95% accuracy in multi-dimensional and wide-range sensing. The regular pressure-sensitive property, discovered for the first time, is attributed to the regular morphology of the nanosphere, the inherent low rigidity of the PDMS shell, and the uniform distribution of the CsPbBr3 core material in combination. This study breaks away from conventional design paradigms of perovskite core-shell materials by customizing the cross-linked density of the shell material. The reversible response mechanism of nanospheres with gradient shell density is deeply explored in response to environmental stimuli, which offers fresh insights into multi-dimensional sensing and interactive display applications.
Engineering a membrane protein chaperone to ameliorate the proteotoxicity of mutant huntingtin
Authors: Oh Jeonghyun , Catherine Christy , Kim Eun Seon , Min Kwang Wook , Jeong Hae Chan , Kim Hyojin , Kim Mijin , Ahn Seung Hae , Lukianenko Nataliia , Jo Min Gu , Bak Hyeon Seok , Lim Sungsu , Kim Yun Kyung , Kim Ho Min , Lee Sung Bae , Cho Hyunju 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Toxic protein aggregates are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington’s disease (HD). Since no current treatment delays the progression of HD, we develop a mechanistic approach to prevent mutant huntingtin (mHttex1) aggregation. Here, we engineer the ATP-independent cytosolic chaperone PEX19, which targets peroxisomal membrane proteins to peroxisomes, to remove mHttex1 aggregates. Using yeast toxicity-based screening with a random mutant library, we identify two yeast PEX19 variants and engineer equivalent mutations into human PEX19 (hsPEX19). These variants effectively delay mHttex1 aggregation in vitro and in cellular HD models. The mutated hydrophobic residue in the α4 helix of hsPEX19 variants binds to the N17 domain of mHttex1, thereby inhibiting the initial aggregation process. Overexpression of the hsPEX19-FV variant rescues HD-associated phenotypes in primary striatal neurons and in Drosophila. Overall, our data reveal that engineering ATP-independent membrane protein chaperones is a promising therapeutic approach for rational targeting of mHttex1 aggregation in HD.
Compositional data analysis enables statistical rigor in comparative glycomics
Authors: Bennett Alexander R. , Lundstrøm Jon , Chatterjee Sayantani , Thaysen-Andersen Morten , Bojar Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Comparative glycomics data are compositional data, where measured glycans are parts of a whole, indicated by relative abundances. Applying traditional statistical analyses to these data often results in misleading conclusions, such as spurious “decreases” of glycans when other structures increase in abundance, or high false-positive rates for differential abundance. Our work introduces a compositional data analysis framework, tailored to comparative glycomics, to account for these data dependencies. We employ center log-ratio and additive log-ratio transformations, augmented with a scale uncertainty/information model, to introduce a statistically robust and sensitive data analysis pipeline. Applied to comparative glycomics datasets, including known glycan concentrations in defined mixtures, this approach controls false-positive rates and results in reproducible biological findings. Additionally, we present specialized analysis modalities: alpha- and beta-diversity analyze glycan distributions within and between samples, while cross-class glycan correlations shed light on previously undetected interdependencies. These approaches reveal insights into glycome variations that are critical to understanding roles of glycans in health and disease.
Investigation of the physicochemical factors affecting the in vitro digestion and glycemic indices of indigenous indica rice cultivars
Authors: Govindaraju Indira , Das Anusha R. , Chakraborty Ishita , Mal Sib Sankar , Sarmah Bhaswati , Baruah Vishwa Jyoti , Mazumder Nirmal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital food crop and staple diet for most of the world’s population. Poor dietary choices have had a significant role in the development of type-2 diabetes in the population that relies on rice and rice-starch-based foods. Hence, our study investigated the in vitro digestion and glycemic indices of certain indigenous rice cultivars and the factors influencing these indices. Cooking properties of rice cultivars were estimated. Further, biochemical investgations such as amylose content, resistant starch content were estimated using iodine-blue complex method and megazyme kit respectively. The in vitro glycemic index was estimated using GOPOD method. The rice cultivars considered in our study were classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-amylose rice varieties. The rice cultivars were subjected to physicochemical characterization by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. FTIR spectral analysis revealed prominent bands at 3550-3200, 2927-2935, 1628-1650, 1420-1330, and 1300-1000 cm−1, which correspond to –OH groups, C=O, C=C, and C–OH stretches, and H–O–H and –CH bending vibrations, confirming the presence of starch, proteins, and lipids. Additionally, the FTIR ratio R(1047/1022) confirmed the ordered structure of the amylopectin. DSC analysis revealed variations in the gelatinization parameters, which signifies variations in the fine amylopectin structures and the degree of branching inside the starch granules. The percentage of resistant starch (RS) ranged from 0.50–2.6%. The swelling power (SP) of the rice flour ranged between 4.1 and 24.85 g/g. Furthermore, most of the rice cultivars are classified as having a high glycemic index (GI) based on the estimated in vitro GI (eGI), which varies from 73.74–90.88. The cooking properties of these materials were also investigated. Because the amylose content is one of the key factors for determining the cooking, eating, and digestibility properties of rice, we investigated the relationships between the amylose content and other biochemical characteristics of rice cultivars. The SP and GI were negatively correlated with the amylose content, whereas the RS had a positive relationship. The findings of our study can be beneficial in illustrating the nutritional profile and factors affecting the digestibility of traditional rice cultivars which will promote their consumption, cultivation, and contributes to future food security.