bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Garcia Rodrigue , Warming Peder Emil , Hansen Carl Johann , Rajan Deepthi , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Benfield Thomas , Folke Fredrik , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Little data exist on the risk and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in people with HIV (PWH). We aimed to describe OHCA in PWH as compared with the general population in terms of incidence, characteristics, and survival.

Methods
This nationwide study assessed all individuals aged 18–85 years between 2001 and 2019 in Denmark. The cumulative incidence of OHCA was computed using cause-specific Cox models accounting for competing risk of death.

Results
Among 6 565 309 individuals, 6 925 (median age: 36; interquartile range [IQR]: 28–44 y; 74% males) were infected at some point with HIV. The incidence of OHCA was 149 (95% CI: 123–180)/100 000 person-years in PWH versus 64 (95% CI: 64–65)/100 000 person-years in people without HIV (P &lt; .001). Age at the time of cardiac arrest was 52 (IQR: 44–61) years in PWH versus 69 (IQR: 59–77) years in individuals without HIV (P &lt; .001). In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and renal failure, PWH had a 2-fold higher risk of OHCA (hazard ratio: 2.84; 95% CI: 2.36–3.43; P &lt; .001). Thirty-day mortality (89% vs 88%; P = .80) was comparable to individuals without HIV.

Conclusions
HIV is an independent risk factor for OHCA, and those who experience OHCA with HIV are much younger than those without HIV. Almost 90% of PWH died 1 month after OHCA. Further research should strive to find out how to reduce OHCA occurrence in this population.
Recombinant growth hormone improves growth and adult height in patients with maternal inactivating GNAS mutations
Authors: Ertl Diana-Alexandra , de Nanclares Guiomar Perez , Jüppner Harald , Hanna Patrick , Pagnano Angela , Pereda Arrate , Rothenbuhler Anya , Del Sindaco Giulia , Ruiz-Cuevas Pilar , Audrain Christelle , Escribano Arancha , Berkenou Jugurtha , Gleiss Andreas , Mantovani Giovanna , Linglart Agnès 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Maternal inactivating GNAS mutations lead to pseudohypoparathyroidism 1A (PHP1A), newly classified as inactivating parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTHrP-signaling disorder type 2 of maternal inheritance (iPPSD2). Patients present with resistance to PTH and other hormones, subcutaneous ossifications, brachydactyly, short stature, and early-onset obesity. They can be born small for gestational age (SGA) and may present with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. The use of recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy has been sporadically reported, yet we lack data on the long-term efficacy and safety of rhGH, as well as on adult height.

Objective
Our multicenter, retrospective, observational study describes growth in patients treated with rhGH in comparison with untreated iPPSD2/PHP1A controls.

Methods
We included 190 patients, of whom 26 received rhGH. Height, weight, body mass index at various time points, and adult height were documented. We analyzed the effect of rhGH on adult height by using linear mixed models.

Results
Adult height was available for 11/26 rhGH-treated individuals and for 69/164 controls. Patients treated with rhGH showed a gain in height of 0.7 standard deviation scores (SDS) after 1 year (CI +0.5 to +0.8, P &lt; .001) and of 1.5 SDS after 3 years (CI +1.0 to +2.0, P &lt; .001). Additionally, there was a clear beneficial impact of rhGH on adult height when compared with untreated controls, with a difference of 1.9 SDS (CI +1.1 to +2.7, P &lt; .001). Body mass index SDS did not vary significantly upon rhGH therapy.

Conclusion
Recombinant human growth hormone treatment of iPPSD2/PHP1A patients with short stature improves growth and adult height. More studies are needed to confirm long-term efficacy and safety.
Assessing the impact of energy and fuel poverty on health: a European scoping review
Authors: Champagne Sarah N , Phimister Euan , Macdiarmid Jennie I , Guntupalli Aravinda Meera 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The burden of energy and fuel poverty (EFP) in Europe is increasing in the face of the cost-of-living crisis, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the climate emergency. While the health impacts of EFP are often the driving reason for addressing it, EFP’s association with health is poorly delineated. This review aims to scope the evidence of EFP’s association with health in Europe.

Methods
A scoping review based on Arksey and O’Malley’s framework was conducted using search terms relevant to EFP, health and Europe. Five databases were searched, in addition to hand searching. Review selection was performed by two independent reviewers, and articles were thematically analyzed.

Results
Thirty-five articles published between January 2000 and March 2022 were included. The literature varied in definitions and measurements of EFP and in the health indicators examined. The review revealed a negative association between EFP and health, specifically, general unspecified poor health (9 articles), excess winter mortality (3 articles), communicable diseases (3 articles), non-communicable diseases (11 articles), mental health (15 articles) and well-being (12 articles). While women were reported to be at a higher risk of EFP than men, children and older adults were identified as particularly vulnerable to EFP’s adverse health repercussions.

Conclusions
This scoping review illustrates a significant and complex association between EFP and various domains of health. Though heterogeneity across research makes it difficult to compare findings, our review supports the use of health as a justification to address EFP and urges public health to be more involved in EFP mitigation.
Imaging the crustal structure at the northeast corner of the indenting Indian Plate in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis
Authors: Kundu Abhishek , Hazarika Devajit , Hajra Somak , Yadav Dilip Kumar 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYCrustal configuration beneath the indenting northeast corner of the Indian Plate in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis has been investigated with the help of receiver function (RF) analysis of teleseismic earthquakes recorded by 19 broad-band seismological stations. The common conversion point stacking of RFs and 1-D velocity models obtained through inversion provide new information on the intracrustal structure. The study reveals the signature of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) beneath the Lohit Valley at ∼22–26 km depth. The MHT is not prominent in the Siang window plausibly due to large-scale crustal deformation related to the formation of the window and antiform folding. Unlike in the western and central Himalaya, the MHT does not play a major role in seismogenesis in the Lohit Valley and Siang Window, where seismicity is active up to the crustal depth of ∼40 km. The crustal thickness increases from ∼38 km at Pasighat in the south to ∼50 km at the northernmost station (Gelling) in the Siang window. In Lohit Valley, the crustal thickness increases from ∼40 km at Mahadevpur in the west to ∼54 km in the Tidding–Tuting suture zone, which again shallows to ∼51 km in the eastern Lohit Plutonic Complex (Walong station). The thinner crust beneath the Tidding–Tuting suture compared to the Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone of northwest Himalaya is caused due to the differences in convergence rate, higher exhumation rate and mechanisms to accommodate collision and rotational tectonics.
Seismic monitoring in Greece, 1899–2014: catalogue completeness 1966–2014
Authors: Melis N S , Lentas K , Schorlemmer D 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARY
Instrumental earthquake monitoring in Greece started in 1899–1906 with the first five seismic stations of the National Observatory of Athens, Institute of Geodynamics (NOA). Subsequent upgrades and expansions led to today’s Unified National Seismic Network, which includes almost all permanent seismic stations in Greece and provides waveform and parametric data. We examine the detection capabilities of the Greek seismic networks using phase, location and magnitude data from the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and the various National Institutes. We apply two methods to measure the network performance. In one, we form a grid, and find the 50 per cent probability detection threshold for each station-grid cell pair for different times. In the other, we find the probability-based magnitude of completeness grid for every three months from 1970 to 2014. Both methods show that in 1990 the detection threshold improved significantly in the north part of Greece. A much greater improvement took place in 2010 throughout Greece, yielding a completeness magnitude of $M_p\, \sim$ 1.
Expression of low-sulfated keratan sulfate in non-mucinous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Hoshino Hitomi , Chen Ya-Ying , Inoue Daisuke , Yoshida Yoshio , Khoo Kay-Hooi , Akama Tomoya O , Kobayashi Motohiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan is composed of repeating N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) disaccharide units consisting of galactose (Gal) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), both often 6-O-sulfated. Sulfate contents of keratan sulfate are heterogeneous depending upon the origins. In this study, keratan sulfate is classified as either highly sulfated (in which both GlcNAc and Gal residues are 6-O-sulfated) or low-sulfated (in which only GlcNAc residues are 6-O-sulfated). It is reported that highly sulfated keratan sulfate detected by the 5D4 monoclonal antibody is preferentially expressed in normal epithelial cells lining the female genital tract and in their neoplastic counterparts; however, expression of low-sulfated keratan sulfate in either has not been characterized. In the present study, we generated the 294-1B1 monoclonal antibody, which selectively recognizes low-sulfated keratan sulfate, and performed precise glycan analysis of sulfated glycans expressed on human serous ovarian carcinoma OVCAR-3 cells. We found that OVCAR-3 cells do not express highly sulfated keratan sulfate but rather express low-sulfated form, which was heterogeneous in 294-1B1 reactivity. Comparison of mass spectrometry spectra of sulfated glycans in 294-1B1-positive versus -negative OVCAR-3 cells indicated that the 294-1B1 epitope is likely at least 2, and possibly 3 or more, tandem GlcNAc-6-O-sulfated LacNAc units. Then, using the 294-1B1 antibody, we performed quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of 40 specimens from patients with ovarian cancer, consisting of 10 each of serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinomas, and found that among them low-sulfated keratan sulfate was widely expressed in all but mucinous ovarian carcinoma.
Reconfiguring the health-promoting hospital: the role of chaplaincy in England
Authors: Allison Elizabeth , Woodhall James , Briggs Michelle , Swift Chris 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper seeks to explore how hospitals can be reconfigured to adopt more ‘health-promoting’ approaches and values. Specifically, the paper focuses on the role of hospital chaplaincy and argues that spiritual care should be considered alongside other health domains. Using semi-structured interviews, the aim of the paper is to explore the experiences of patients who accepted (n = 10) and declined (n = 10) hospital chaplaincy services. Data were analysed drawing on principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings suggested that participants who accessed chaplaincy services reported using the chaplains for pastoral, religious and spiritual care which contributed positively to their sense of well-being. This included religious rituals and supportive conversations. The majority of these participants had existing links with a faith institution. Participants who declined chaplaincy services reported having personal religious or spiritual beliefs. Other reasons cited, included: that the offer was made close to discharge; they had different support mechanisms; they were unaware of what the chaplaincy service offered. Participants identified a number of skills and attributes they associated with chaplains. They perceived them as being religious but available to all, somebody to talk to who was perceived as impartial with a shared knowledge and understanding. The paper concludes by highlighting the important role of chaplaincy as part of a holistic health-promoting hospital. This has implications not only for the design, delivery and promotion of chaplaincy services but also for health promotion more broadly to consider spiritual needs.
Applying the Model of the European Foundation for Quality Management to evaluate quality of care alongside the merger of mental health care institutes in Amsterdam: a five year pre–post study
Authors: Nabitz Udo , Klazinga Niek , Muller Jeroen , Schramade Mark , Lans Marijke , Osseman Dick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Health care reforms over the past decades in the Netherlands enforced institutions to enhance quality and to contain costs. To cope with the policy context, a majority of mental health care institutes applied a merger strategy and hence large mental health care organizations were created. This study assesses the impact of a merger and the related quality management approach on the quality of care of three large Dutch mental health care institutes in Amsterdam. The nine criteria of the Model of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM Model) with 32 criteria parts for total quality management were used.

Method
A case study with a pre–post design was applied, with the EFQM baseline (pre) and follow-up (post) assessments using the standardized EFQM protocol with a 0%–100% scoring system. The baseline status of 2007–2008 was scored and validated by seven independent certified assessors. During a period of 5 years, the merge was conducted, enhancing the quality management and effectuating the findings of the advice of the feedback report. An EFQM post-assessment of the status of 2012–2013 was carried out by five independent certified assessors applying the strict EFQM assessment protocol. The statistics of pre–post differences were evaluated. The study can be seen as a before–after assessment of a naturalistic experiment.

Results
The comparison of the nine EFQM criteria before and after the merger on the bases of the scores of the assessors shows an overall improvement from 358 to 425 points on the EFQM scale 0–1000. There is one slight deterioration concerning criterion 8: Society Results, five criteria show positive changes. The top three criteria with the highest improvement are 1: Leadership (15% improvement), 5: Processes, Products, and Services (12%), 6: Customer Results (15%). The overall statement of the audit team of 2013 is ‘The merged organisation strives for effectiveness, which leads to better results in most of the areas.’ Learning from the results is one recommendation of the assessors for the future.

Conclusion
The conduced merge of three Dutch mental health care institutions in Amsterdam showed an improvement of quality based on the criteria of the EFQM Model over a period of 5 years. This naturalistic experiment can stimulate further studies about mergers. The systematic and transparent approach and documentation can facilitate mutual learning.
Method for the Determination of 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), 6′-Sialyllactose (6′-SL), 3′-Sialyllactose (3′-SL), Lacto-N-Tetraose (LNT), and Lacto-N-neoTetraose (LNnT) by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography With Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD): First Action 2022.04
Authors: Haselberger Philip , Tian Fang , Erney Renée , Liu Shuang , Wang Shuo , Lin Qi , Ding Yi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
A method for simultaneous determination of six human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) is described. The HMOs include 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL, CAS number 41263-94-9), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL, CAS number 41312-47-4), 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL, CAS number 35890-39-2), 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL, CAS number 35890-38-1), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT, CAS number 14116-68-8), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT, CAS number 13007-32-4). The method was designed to comply with the respective Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®; seeTable 1), respectively.

Objective
The method is valid for six HMOs in infant formula and adult nutritional matrixes, including samples with intact protein, protein hydrolysates, elemental formulations free of intact protein, and rice flour over the ranges defined in the SMPR (seeTable 2). The method is not valid for determination of difucosyllactose (DFL/DiFL).

Method
For most samples, reconstitution with water followed by filtration. For products containing interferences (fructans and maltodextrins), hydrolysis with enzymes is used. After preparation, samples are analyzed using high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The method provides for separation of six HMOs and other carbohydrates commonly found in infant formula and adult nutritional products (e.g., lactose, sucrose, and GOS).

Results
This study includes data from multiple matrixes evaluated by multiple laboratories globally. RSDr ranged from 0.0068 to 4.8% RSDr, and spike recovery results ranged from 89.4 to 109%. Calibration fit optimal with a quadratic curve; alternately linear fit showed no statistically significant impact to data (when correlation passes).

Conclusions
This method was reviewed by the AOAC SPIFAN Expert Review Panel (ERP) and determined to meet the SMPRs for the six noted HMOs.

Highlights
The method was granted First Action Official MethodsSM status.
Conversion of water-soluble CBD to ∆9-THC in synthetic gastric fluid—An unlikely cause of positive drug tests
Authors: Hart E. Dale , Mullen Lawrance , Vikingsson Svante , Cone Edward J , Winecker Ruth E , Hayes Eugene D , Flegel Ronald R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to convert to ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) in acidic environments, raising a concern of conversion when exposed to gastric fluid after consumption. Using synthetic gastric fluid (SGF), it has been demonstrated that the conversion requires surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), due to limited solubility of CBD. Recently, water-compatible nanoemulsions of CBD have been prepared as a means of fortifying beverages and water-based foods with CBD. Since these emulsions contain surfactants as part of their formulation, it is possible that these preparations might enhance the production of ∆9-THC even in the absence of added surfactants. Three THC-free CBD products, an oil, an anhydrous powder and a water-soluble formulation, were incubated for 3 h in SGF without SDS. The water-soluble CBD product produced a dispersion, while the powder and the oil did not mix with the SGF. No THC was detected with the CBD oil (&lt;0.0006% conversion), and up to 0.063% and 0.0045% conversion to ∆9-THC was observed with the water-soluble CBD and the CBD powder, respectively. No formation of ∆8-THC was observed. In comparison, when the nano-formulated CBD was incubated in SGF with 1% SDS, 33–36% conversion to ∆9-THC was observed. Even though the rate of conversion with the water-soluble CBD was at least 100-fold higher compared to the CBD oil, it was still smaller than ∆9-THC levels reported in CBD products labeled “THC-free” or “&lt;0.3% THC” based on the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 (the Farm Bill). Assuming a daily CBD dose of around 30 mg/day, it is unlikely that conversion of CBD to ∆9-THC could produce a positive urinary drug test for 11-Nor-9-carboxy-∆9-THC (15 ng/mL cut-off).
Different responses of macro- and microelement contents of 41 subtropical plants to environmental changes in the wet and dry seasons
Authors: Yu Zheng-Chao , Zheng Xiao-Ting , He Wei , Lin Wei , Yan Guan-Zhao , Zhu Hui , Peng Chang-Lian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDifferences in plant leaf elemental contents due to seasonal climate change reflect potential plant growth strategies. However, the distribution patterns of elements mediated by seasonal climate change remain unclear. This limits assessment of plant growth status and prediction of plant growth dynamics under global climate change. We collected 41 subtropical evergreen broadleaf plant leaves (31 tree species and 10 shrub species) during the wet and dry seasons, and determined foliar contents of macro- and microelements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Our results showed that 41 plant leaves had significantly greater macroelement contents and significantly lower microelement contents in wet season than dry season. The highest macroelement content was in tree layer plants in wet season, followed by tree layer plants in dry season and shrub layer plants in wet season, the lowest was in shrub layer plants in dry season. The highest microelement content was in tree and shrub layer plants in dry season, followed by shrub layer plants in wet season, the lowest was in tree layer plants in wet season. Our results show that macro- and microelement contents of plant leaves with different vertical structures are affected by seasonal climate change. The transition from wet to dry season was detrimental to tree layer plants growth, but had less impact on shrub layer plants growth. These findings provide valuable evidence for predicting how different vertically structured subtropical evergreen broadleaf plants can adapt to changes in wet and dry season environments and to future global climate change.
Capturing the Border in Refugee Solidarity Camp Visits and City Tours in Germany: Theorizing Relationality through the Border as Horizon in Refugee/Migrant Solidarity Activism as Citizenship Politics
Authors: Rygiel Kim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article explores the idea of the border as a connective space using the concepts of ‘border’s capture’, ‘borderizations’, and ‘border as horizon’ to highlight ‘practices of relationality’ where borders ‘run the risk of themselves being captured’. This article discusses refugee/migrant solidarity activism as citizenship politics through two examples from Germany across different snapshots in time, illustrating bordering through the camp and the dispersal of borders throughout the city. This article shows why ‘border’s capture’ is central to solidarity mobilizing as citizenship politics, exploring how borders, while integral to violent orderings, are also productive of relations across them in ways that transgress physical and ontological borders of status and belonging. This article argues for conceptualizing the border as horizon to highlight relationality and shows through the two examples why doing so matters politically in terms of how we relate to those identified as ‘outsiders’.
Infrared spectroscopy of nearby radio active early-type galaxies - II: spectral atlas
Authors: Durré Mark , Mould Jeremy , Brown Michael , Reynolds Tristan 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a near-infrared spectroscopic atlas of nearby, bright early-type galaxies with radio emission, containing 163 galaxies observed by the Palomar 200″ TripleSpec instrument, measuring the emission line fluxes for H, He, [Fe ii], and H2 and determined the nuclear excitation mechanisms. By stacking spectra, we deduced the H2 excitation temperature (1957 ± 182 K) and dominant excitation mechanism (thermal and shock heating combined) from the K-band emission line sequence. Stacking also produces an ‘average’ spectrum of absorption features and spectral indices from the literature; the CO12 absorption line index versus J − K colour shows a trend of stronger nuclear activity producing a weaker CO12 index and a redder (flatter) continuum. The correlations between the radio and the emission-line luminosities finds a trend with radio power; however, the large scatter in the upper limits shows that the two are not directly coupled and the duty cycles of SF and AGN activity are not synchronized.