bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer-based Electrochemical Sensor: Fast, Accurate, and Simple Insulin Diagnostics Tool
Authors: Šišoláková Ivana , Gorejová Radka , Chovancová Frederika , Shepa Jana , Ngwabebhoh Fahanwi Asabuwa , Fedorková Andrea Straková , Sáha Petr , Oriňaková Renáta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudy of the use of polymers with higher conductivity like polypyrrole, and polyaniline in the electrochemical insulin sensors can overcome the drawbacks arising from the ongoing use of non-conductive polymer membrane. Conductive polymer membranes maintain the positive properties of polymers, like improved stability, reproducibility, and even increase the current response of the prepared sensor toward insulin oxidation. Three different screen-printed electrodes modified with polyaniline, polypyrrole, or chitosan with electrochemically deposited nickel nanoparticles ensuring insulin oxidation were prepared. The electrode morphology was examined via SEM with EDX analysis. Also, the electroactive surface area and stability were determined by voltammetric methods. Based on the results, the SPCEs modified by polypyrrole and nickel nanoparticles were determined as the most appropriate for the insulin determination. The NiNPs-PPy-SPCE exhibited a linear range (500 nM–5 µM), a low-down limit of detection (38 nM), high sensitivity (3.98 µA/µM), and excellent result from insulin determination in real samples (human blood serum). The results confirmed the high potential of developed sensor for future research focused on detection of insulin via electrochemistry methods in clinical samples.
Graphical Abstract
Magnetic photocatalysts based on graphene oxide: synthesis, characterization, application in advanced oxidation processes and response surface analysis
Authors: Abbasi Sedigheh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe decomposition rate of methyl orange (MO) is studied in aqueous solution of magnetic photocatalysts based on graphene oxide (GO). ZnO photocatalytic nanoparticles are synthesized with controlled amounts on magnetized graphene oxide and two photocatalytic samples including GFZ1 and GFZ2 are prepared for use in advanced oxidation process. The characterization of the synthesized photocatalysts is done by XRD, FTIR and VSM. The crystal structure of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as well as photocatalytic ZnO nanoparticles on the graphene oxide network has been confirmed by XRD analysis in both synthesized samples. FTIR analysis of both GFZ1 and GFZ2 also shows the stretching vibration of Fe–O and Zn–O bonds in Fe3O4 and ZnO, respectively. The superparamagnetic properties of both samples can be confirmed using VSM analysis. It is also observed that with the increase of ZnO nanoparticles in GFZ2, the magnetic properties decrease compared to GFZ1. The effect of irradiation time time (between 5 and 40 min), weight fraction of the synthesized photocatalysts (0.1%wt, 0.2%wt, and 0.3%wt) and pH of the suspension (3, 7, and 11) on the changes in MO decomposition rate was investigated and the response surface method (RSM) was used to study the effect of the simultaneous change of two parameters of the mentioned factors on the MO removal efficiency. The results show that with the increase of irradiation time and also the weight fraction of both photocatalysts, the decomposition rate of MO also increases significantly. So that in all time intervals and weight fractions, the photocatalytic activity of GFZ2 is much higher than that of GFZ1. The effect of pH also shows that the maximum and minimum decomposition rates occur in acidic and neutral conditions, respectively.
Advances in Design and Development of Lumi-Solve: A Novel Drug-Eluting Photo-Angioplasty Device
Authors: Sangeetha Menon Amarnath , Subasic de Azevedo Igor , Choong Kylie , Bhatnagar Dhruv , Wang Chen , Sluka Pavel , Chisholm David R. , Pasic Paul , Thissen Helmut , Sama Gopal , Robinson Andrea , Rodda Andrew , Tria Aldous , Spiegel Loren , Dharma Anak , Kaipananickal Harikrishnan , Okabe Jun , El-Osta Assam , Mountford Simon , Thompson Philip , Dear Anthony E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Lumi-Solve photo-angioplasty drug eluting balloon catheter (DEBc) may afford safety advantages over current DEBc. Lumi-Solve utilises the guidewire (GW) port and lumen to deliver fibre-optic UV365nm light to the angioplasty balloon which may be problematic. We explore and evaluate alternative Lumi-Solve design options to circumvent fibre-optic use of the GW port and lumen which may enhance efficacy and clinical utility.

Methods
Effects of guidewire shadowing (GWS) on visible and UV365nm light transmission were evaluated and modelled in-silico. To evaluate the effect of a dedicated intra-balloon fibre-optic port, modified angioplasty balloons and sections of translucent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) GW port tubing were utilised. Investigation of the effect of GWS on chemical and biological photo-activation of balloon surface drug was performed utilising LCMS analysis and inhibition of histone deacetylase activity (HDACi) was measured in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

Results
Parallel fibre-optic and GW port configurations generated a GWS of approximately 18.0% of the evaluable balloon surface area and attenuated both visible and UV light intensity by 20.0–25.0% and reduced chemical photo-activation of balloon surface drug and HDACi by at least 40–45%. Alternative fibre-optic port configurations including a spiral design significantly mitigated GWS effects on UV light transmission.

Conclusions
To avoid use of the GW port and its associated complications a dedicated third port and lumen for the Lumi-Solve fibre-optic may be required. To maximize balloon surface chemical and biological photo-activation, non-parallel, intra-balloon, fibre-optic lumen trajectories, including a spiral design may be useful.
On the structure of connected components of the moduli spaces of compact Riemann surfaces
Authors: Gromadzki Grzegorz , Szmelter Jakub 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing the Broughton’s equisymmetric stratification of the moduli space of compact Riemann surfaces of genus $$g \ge 2$$

g
≥
2

, Bartolini, Costa and Izquierdo have shown that its singular locus $$S_{g}$$

S
g

is disconnected except for $$g = 3, 4, 7, 13, 17, 19, 59$$

g
=
3
,
4
,
7
,
13
,
17
,
19
,
59

. One of a lot of problems motivated by this result concerns the study of its connected components, both from the quantitative and qualitative points of view. In 2012, Bartolini and Izquierdo have shown that all strata corresponding to the actions of $$Z_{2}$$

Z
2

and $$Z_{3}$$

Z
3

are contained in a single connected component $$C^{2,3}_g$$

C
g

2
,
3

. The other components which were known to these authors were those composed by single strata and they asked whether there are components different from $$C^{2,3}_ g $$

C
g

2
,
3

being the union at least two equisymmetric strata. The aim of this paper is to give an affirmative answer to this question, by showing that there are connected components composed of precisely two strata in $$S_{g}$$

S
g

for $$g = rp(p -1)/2$$

g
=
r
p
(
p
-
1
)
/
2

where $$r \ge 6$$

r
≥
6

and $$p > 5r + 3$$

p
>
5
r
+
3

is a prime for which $$pr + 2$$

p
r
+
2

is also a prime.
Using EGARCH models to predict volatility in unconsolidated financial markets: the case of European carbon allowances
Authors: Villar-Rubio Elena , Huete-Morales María-Dolores , Galán-Valdivieso Federico 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The growing interest and direct impact of carbon trading in the economy have drawn an increasing attention to the evolution of the price of CO2 allowances (European Union Allowances, EUAs) under the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). As a novel financial market, the dynamic analysis of its volatility is essential for policymakers to assess market efficiency and for investors to carry out an adequate risk management on carbon emission rights. In this research, the main autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) models were applied to evaluate and analyze the volatility of daily data of the European carbon future prices, focusing on the last finished phase of market operations (phase III, 2013–2020), which is structurally and significantly different from previous phases. Some empirical findings derive from the results obtained. First, the EGARCH (1,1) model exhibits a superior ability to describe the price volatility even using fewer parameters, partly because it allows to collect the sign of the changes produced over time. In this model, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) is lower than ARCH (4) and GARCH (1,1) models, and all its coefficients are significative (p < 0.02). Second, a sustained increase in prices is detected at the end of phase III, which makes it possible to foresee a stabilization path with higher prices for the first years of phase IV. These changes will motivate both companies and individual energy investors to be proactive in making decisions about the risk management on carbon allowances.
Solvent-free carbon sphere nanofluids towards intelligent lubrication regulation
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Wen , Ma Xiaoliang , Fan Xiaoqiang , Zhu Minhao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBy simply switching the electrical circuit installed on steel/steel contact, the tribological behaviors of nanofluids (NFs) can be regulated in real time, thereby achieving the desired performance of friction reduction and wear resistance. Herein, solvent-free carbon spherical nanofluids (C-NFs) were successfully prepared for intelligent lubrication regulation. C-NFs with excellent lubrication performance can immediately reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) despite applying a weak electric potential (1.5 V). Moreover, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) containing 5.0 wt% C-NFs remained responsive to electrical stimulation under the intermittent voltage application with an average coefficient of friction (ACOF) reduction of 20.8% over PEG400. Such intelligent lubrication regulation of C-NFs under an external electric field (EEF) mainly depends on the orderly arranged double-electric adsorption film of ion canopy-adsorbed carbon spheres (CSs). The intermittent electrical application can continuously reinforce the adsorption film and its durability for real-time controlling the sliding interfaces. Electrical-stimulation-responsive intelligent lubricants provide a new technical support for realizing intelligent stepless control of devices.
L’eterogeneità del meccanismo autoimmune che conduce al diabete tipo 1 giustifica il fallimento dell’immunoterapia?
Authors: Pieralice Silvia , D’Onofrio Luca , Buzzetti Raffaella 
Published: May 2023

SommarioNonostante l’impegno profuso dai ricercatori negli ultimi 30 anni, ad oggi nessuno studio di immuno-intervento è riuscito a indurre la remissione del diabete tipo 1 (DM1) dopo l’insorgenza clinica. Una possibile causa risiede nell’ampia eterogeneità della patologia, che non riguarda solo aspetti metabolici e clinici, ma anche patogenetici e immunologici. Questa osservazione trova conferma nella recente introduzione del concetto di “endotipo”, ovvero nell’esistenza di specifici sottotipi di diabete autoimmune, definiti da meccanismi funzionali e fisiopatologici distinti. Questo nuovo concetto implica che percorsi fisiopatologici diversi possano esitare nella stessa malattia, ma anche che studi di immuno-intervento che mirano a intercettare uno di quei percorsi, possano avere un successo limitato perché applicati indistintamente a tutta la popolazione con DM1. L’implementazione di immuno-terapia in endotipi specifici potrebbe essere di maggiore efficacia nell’ottica di una medicina di precisione.
COMPUTABLY COMPACT METRIC SPACES
Authors: DOWNEY RODNEY G. , MELNIKOV ALEXANDER G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe give a systematic technical exposition of the foundations of the theory of computably compact metric spaces. We discover several new characterizations of computable compactness and apply these characterizations to prove new results in computable analysis and effective topology. We also apply the technique of computable compactness to give new and less combinatorially involved proofs of known results from the literature. Some of these results do not have computable compactness or compact spaces in their statements, and thus these applications are not necessarily direct or expected.
On Markov chain approximations for computing boundary crossing probabilities of diffusion processes
Authors: Liang Vincent , Borovkov Konstantin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe propose a discrete-time discrete-space Markov chain approximation with a Brownian bridge correction for computing curvilinear boundary crossing probabilities of a general diffusion process on a finite time interval. For broad classes of curvilinear boundaries and diffusion processes, we prove the convergence of the constructed approximations in the form of products of the respective substochastic matrices to the boundary crossing probabilities for the process as the time grid used to construct the Markov chains is getting finer. Numerical results indicate that the convergence rate for the proposed approximation with the Brownian bridge correction is
$O(n^{-2})$
in the case of
$C^2$
boundaries and a uniform time grid with n steps.
Missing in action? Mortgage enforcement under section 126 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974
Authors: Whitehouse Lisa , Crampin Cecily 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper sets out the true ambit of section 126 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974, noting that it requires virtually all residential mortgage agreements to be enforced by court order. Despite this, numerous commentaries on the English law of mortgage omit reference to section 126. The implications of our findings are profound. Not least, many accounts of the law of mortgage will require substantial revision, including recognition of the fact that cases such as Ropaigealach v Barclays Bank plc and Horsham Properties Group Ltd v Clark were reversed as long ago as 2008. More significant is the need to ensure that accurate knowledge of section 126 is conveyed to those who advise mortgagors at risk of possession. This is particularly the case given the ‘cost of living crisis’ and the backlog of possession claims arising out of the Covid-19 pandemic. Any mortgagees tempted to expedite recovery of mortgaged property by enforcing the mortgage extra-judicially should be directed to section 126 and the requirement it imposes to obtain a court order.
Projecting Global Drought Risk Under Various SSP‐RCP Scenarios
Authors: Zhou Zhiling , Zhang Liping , Chen Jie , She Dunxian , Wang Gangsheng , Zhang Qin , Xia Jun , Zhang Yanjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrought risk assessment can identify high‐risk areas and bridge the gap between impacts and adaptation. It is thus vital to investigate changes in drought risk and exposed social economy under climate change. Here, the future global meteorological drought risk is projected for the 2021–2100 period under four combined scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), i.e., SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5. And then the exposed population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) under high risk are analyzed. Drought risk will further strengthen in the future under SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5, with large increases distributed in South Asia, the Mediterranean, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The strongest increasing trends in drought risk are concentrated in equatorial regions including South Asia, West Africa, and Central America. A large percentage of the population and economy are exposed to high drought risk. The exposed population under the highest risk level is the largest under SSP5‐8.5 and the smallest under SSP3‐7.0 for regions in North America, while being the largest under SSP3‐7.0 for other regions. The exposed GDP under the highest risk level is the highest under SSP5‐8.5 and the lowest under SSP3‐7.0, while the disparity among diverse scenarios is larger for the rich regions than the developing ones.
Acceleration of the Onset Speeds of Heat Waves Over East China by Upwind Flash Droughts
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Yuan Xing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe summer temperatures in 2022 have exceeded historical records over the Northern Hemisphere, leading to compound extreme events of droughts and heat waves (HWs) with rapid intensification. This type of compound extreme event has raised unprecedented social concerns. Previous studies have found that upwind droughts can enhance the intensity of HWs through advected sensible heat, but how the droughts affect the onset speed of HWs remains unclear, which is key to HW early warning. By using a Lagrangian model to track the air mass trajectory during the HWs, here we show that upwind droughts enhance 21% of the HWs over East China, and the upwind droughts with faster onset speeds (i.e., flash droughts) have a greater impact on HWs than the slowly evolving droughts. The strong negative soil moisture anomaly caused by a persistent anticyclone increases sensible heating, leading to the increases of total sensible heat and atmospheric boundary layer height over East China. Meanwhile, the rapid onset of flash drought is accompanied by the intensified anticyclone and rapid accumulation of advected sensible heat, and these increase the HW onset speed. Compared with the antecedent upwind slow droughts, the antecedent upwind flash droughts and the associated anticyclone accelerate the HW onset speed by 43% significantly. Our research shows that flash drought is a critical precursor for an extreme HW in the downwind region.
Toward Cloud‐Native, Machine Learning Base Detection of Crop Disease With Imaging Spectroscopy
Authors: Rubambiza Gloire , Romero Galvan Fernando , Pavlick Ryan , Weatherspoon Hakim , Gold Kaitlin M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeveloping actionable early detection and warning systems for agricultural stakeholders is crucial to reduce the annual $200B USD losses and environmental impacts associated with crop diseases. Agricultural stakeholders primarily rely on labor‐intensive, expensive scouting and molecular testing to detect disease. Spectroscopic imagery (SI) can improve plant disease management by offering decision‐makers accurate risk maps derived from Machine Learning (ML) models. However, training and deploying ML requires significant computation and storage capabilities. This challenge will become even greater as global‐scale data from the forthcoming Surface Biology & Geology satellite becomes available. This work presents a cloud‐hosted architecture to streamline plant disease detection with SI from NASA’s AVIRIS‐NG platform, using grapevine leafroll‐associated virus complex 3 (GLRaV‐3) as a model system. Here, we showcase a pipeline for processing SI to produce plant disease detection models and demonstrate that the underlying principles of a cloud‐based disease detection system easily accommodate model improvements and shifting data modalities. Our goal is to make the insights derived from SI available to agricultural stakeholders via a platform designed with their needs and values in mind. The key outcome of this work is an innovative, responsive system foundation that can empower agricultural stakeholders to make data‐driven plant disease management decisions while serving as a framework for others pursuing use‐inspired application development for agriculture to follow that ensures social impact and reproducibility while preserving stakeholder privacy.
In Praise of the Unexpected
Authors: Lanchester Betty 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere are many advantages to having an open mind in science; not being too set on a particular direction or outcome can be a good thing. For me, a career in Space Physics was completely serendipitous and certainly unexpected. Over the years I have been mentor and advisor to many students who have set their hearts on a career in Space Physics, and it has been a pleasure to be able to encourage and help them follow that ambition, while admiring their sense of purpose and forward planning. But my own experience was quite different—things just happened. So my advice is to welcome unexpected turns, and at the scientific level, to be ready to embrace a result that surprises, or maybe even disappoints. To quote from Mike Lockwood’s Frontiers article “In Praise of Mistakes” (Lockwood, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.852798) which inspired this article’s title, “If one can recognize a mistake, it is often a path to unexpected progress.”
Dynamic Two‐Phase Flow Modeling of Melt Segregation in Continental Crust: Batholith Emplacement Versus Crustal Convection, With Implications for Magmatism in Thickened Plateaus
Authors: Schmeling Harro , Marquart Gabriele , Weinberg Roberto , Kumaravel Pirunthavan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagmatic processes in the continental crust such as crustal convection, melt ascent, magma emplacement, and batholith formation are not well understood. We solve the conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy for two‐phase flow of melt and solid in 2D, for a thick continental crust heated from below by one or several heat pulses. A simplified binary melting model is incorporated. We systematically vary (a) the retention number, characterizing melt mobility, (b) the intensity of heat pulses applied at the bottom, and (c) the density of the solidified evolved rock. Two characteristic modes are identified: (a) in the “batholith emplacement mode,” segregation is sufficiently strong allowing melts to separate from the convective flow. This melt freezes to form buoyant SiO2‐rich layers. (b) In the “convective recycling mode,” melts are formed in the lower crust, rise together with the hot rock with little segregation, freeze at shallow depth but are partly recycled back to the lower crust where they remelt. Phase‐change‐driven convection dominates. Mode (a) is favored by high heat input, multiple heat pulses, high melt mobility, and low density of the evolved rock. Mode (b) is favored by less intense heating, less melt mobility, and denser evolved rocks. A scaling law is derived based on the thermal, melt, and compositional Rayleigh numbers and the retention number. The Altiplano‐Puna low‐velocity zone (LVZ) could represent the batholith emplacement mode with buoyant and voluminous magmas causing intense volcanism. The Tibetan LVZ is not associated with intense volcanism and might represent the convective recycling mode.
Metal3D: a general deep learning framework for accurate metal ion location prediction in proteins
Authors: Dürr Simon L. , Levy Andrea , Rothlisberger Ursula 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal ions are essential cofactors for many proteins and play a crucial role in many applications such as enzyme design or design of protein-protein interactions because they are biologically abundant, tether to the protein using strong interactions, and have favorable catalytic properties. Computational design of metalloproteins is however hampered by the complex electronic structure of many biologically relevant metals such as zinc . In this work, we develop two tools - Metal3D (based on 3D convolutional neural networks) and Metal1D (solely based on geometric criteria) to improve the location prediction of zinc ions in protein structures. Comparison with other currently available tools shows that Metal3D is the most accurate zinc ion location predictor to date with predictions within 0.70 ± 0.64 Å of experimental locations. Metal3D outputs a confidence metric for each predicted site and works on proteins with few homologes in the protein data bank. Metal3D predicts a global zinc density that can be used for annotation of computationally predicted structures and a per residue zinc density that can be used in protein design workflows. Currently trained on zinc, the framework of Metal3D is readily extensible to other metals by modifying the training data.