bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National-Level Schoolwork Pressure, Family Structure, Internet Use, and Obesity as Drivers of Time Trends in Adolescent Psychological Complaints Between 2002 and 2018
Authors: Boer M. , Cosma A. , Twenge J. M. , Inchley J. , Jeriček Klanšček H. , Stevens G. W. J. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLittle is known about societal processes that contribute to changes in adolescent mental health problems. This study aims to fill this gap using data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study between 2002 and 2018 (ncountries = 43, nindividuals = 680,269, Mage = 14.52 (SD = 1.06), 51.04% female), supplemented with other international data. National-level psychological complaints increased more strongly among girls than boys. National-level schoolwork pressure, single-parent households, time spent on internet, and obesity were generally rising. In both boys’ and girls’ samples, increases in national-level schoolwork pressure, obesity, and time spent on internet use were independently associated with increases national-level psychological complaints. However, national-level obesity and psychological complaints were more strongly related among girls than boys. Results highlight the potential impact of societal-level processes on adolescent mental health problems.
Quantum geodesic flows and curvature
Authors: Beggs Edwin , Majid Shahn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study geodesics flows on curved quantum Riemannian geometries using a recent formulation in terms of bimodule connections and completely positive maps. We complete this formalism with a canonical $$*$$

∗

operation on noncommutative vector fields. We show on a classical manifold how the Ricci tensor arises naturally in our approach as a term in the convective derivative of the divergence of the geodesic velocity field and use this to propose a similar object in the noncommutative case. Examples include quantum geodesic flows on the algebra of $$2 \times 2$$

2
×
2

matrices, fuzzy spheres and the q-sphere.
Ethnic Variation in Fertility Preferences in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wildeman Jet , Smits Jeroen , Schrijner Sandor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch focusing on the role of ethnicity in shaping fertility preferences in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been largely restricted to small-scale studies within specific groups, regions or countries, which makes it difficult to gain insight into the overall effects of ethnicity on fertility in the region. This study provides a broad comparative analysis of the variation in preferred family size among ethnic groups covering the whole SSA subcontinent. The relationship between ethnicity and family size preferences is analyzed for 500,000 women from 181 ethnic groups in 24 sub-Saharan countries using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and via multilevel Poisson regression analyses. Fertility preferences vary considerably across ethnic groups. Major factors explaining this are gender-related cultural characteristics and educational level at the group level. Interaction analyses showed that the size and direction of these effects are moderated by the women’s individual characteristics. The findings make clear that someone’s ethnic background should be taken into account when looking at fertility patterns and designing policies aimed at changing fertility patterns in the SSA context.
High salt-induced PSI-supercomplex is associated with high CEF and attenuation of state transitions
Authors: Kalra Isha , Wang Xin , Zhang Ru , Morgan-Kiss Rachael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile PSI-driven cyclic electron flow (CEF) and assembly of thylakoid supercomplexes have been described in model organisms like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, open questions remain regarding their contributions to survival under long-term stress. The Antarctic halophyte, C. priscuii UWO241 (UWO241), possesses constitutive high CEF rates and a stable PSI-supercomplex as a consequence of adaptation to permanent low temperatures and high salinity. To understand whether CEF represents a broader acclimation strategy to short- and long-term stress, we compared high salt acclimation between the halotolerant UWO241, the salt-sensitive model, C. reinhardtii, and a moderately halotolerant Antarctic green alga, C. sp. ICE-MDV (ICE-MDV). CEF was activated under high salt and associated with increased non-photochemical quenching in all three Chlamydomonas species. Furthermore, high salt-acclimated cells of either strain formed a PSI-supercomplex, while state transition capacity was attenuated. How the CEF-associated PSI-supercomplex interferes with state transition response is not yet known. We present a model for interaction between PSI-supercomplex formation, state transitions, and the important role of CEF for survival during long-term exposure to high salt.
Parents’ Gender Role Attitudes and Child Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Parental Involvement
Authors: Wang Iris Yili , Cheung Rebecca Y. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParents’ gender role attitudes are pertinent to child adjustment. Importantly, parental involvement may help to explain the link between parents’ gender role attitudes and child adjustment. In this study, we investigated the differential contributions of mothers’ and fathers’ gender role attitudes on child adjustment, with the quality of mother and father involvement as mediators. Given that parental involvement is gender-differentiated in the Chinese context, actor and partner effects of mothers’ and fathers’ gender role attitudes on parental involvement were also examined. Participants were 211 maritally intact families from China, including mothers and fathers of children aged 4 to 7 years old. The findings based on structural equation modeling identified the actor and partner effects of fathers’ greater traditional gender role attitudes on a lower quality of mother and father involvement, whereas mothers’ greater traditional gender role attitudes were only related to a lower quality of mother involvement. Greater mother and father involvement was further associated with children’s greater prosocial behavior. The findings suggested the mediating role of the combined mother and father involvement between fathers’ gender role attitudes and children’s prosocial behavior. This study underscores the interdependent nature of mothers’ and fathers’ behavior on child adjustment. The findings inform researchers and practitioners of the importance of reducing both parents’ traditional gender role attitudes and enhancing the quality of parental involvement to foster child adjustment.
A nomogram to predict ventricular thrombus in dilated cardiomyopathy patients
Authors: Li Xiao-Lei , Adi Dilare , Wu Yun , Aizezi Aibibanmu , Li Yan-Peng , Kerem Munawar , Wei Xian , liu Fen , Ma Xiang , Ma Yi-Tong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground: VT (Ventricular Thrombus) is a serious complication of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our goal is to develop a nomogram for personalized prediction of incident VT in DCM patients. Methods: 1267 patients (52.87 ± 11.75 years old, 73.8% male) were analyzed retrospectively from January 01, 2015, to December 31, 2020. A nomogram model for VT risk assessment was established using minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and its effectiveness was validated by internal guidance. The model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). We compared the performance in predicting VT between nomogram and CHA2DS2, CHA2DS2- VASc or ATRIA by AUC, akaike information criterion (AIC), bayesian information criterion (BIC), net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination index (IDI). Results: 89 patients (7.02%) experienced VT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), uric acid (UA), N-terminal precursor B-type diuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and D-dimer (DD) were important independent predictors of VT. The nomogram model correctly separates patients with and without VT, with an optimistic C score of 0.92 (95%CI: 0.90–0.94) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 = 11.51, P = 0.12). Our model showed improved prediction of VT compared to CHA2DS2, CHA2DS2-VASc or ATRIA (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: The novel nomogram demonstrated better than presenting scores and showed an improvement in predicting VT in DCM patients.
A study of the inter- and intra-operator variability on selected echocardiographic measurements in dogs
Authors: Ghilardi Sara , Pradelli Danitza , Rizzi Rita , Polli Michele , Bagardi Mara , Santilli Roberto A. , Brambilla Paola G. , Bussadori Claudio M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStandard transthoracic echocardiography is considered the non-invasive gold standard for the diagnosis of most cardiac diseases. Defining reproducibility, repeatability, and reliability of this exam is imperative to reduce errors in clinical evaluations. The present study aimed at: (1) evaluating the reproducibility and repeatability of 15 echocardiographic parameters in dogs by analyzing measurements obtained from several operators with different levels of experience and comparing them to the ones obtained from two board-certified operators (gold standards - GSs); (2) assessing whether different formative paths have an influence on the variability of the echocardiographic measurements. Fifty-one operators have been included in this study, along with two diplomates of the European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Cardiology. Ten dogs were enrolled, 5 Golden Retrievers and 5 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Echocardiographic examination was performed on each dog by one GS and several operators on the same day. Results show the highest deviation from the GS and a poor inter-operator reproducibility for the M-mode measurements of the interventricular septum and the left ventricular free wall. Differently, M-mode-obtained internal diameters of the left ventricle in systole and diastole, and measurements of the aortic annulus and root show moderate to excellent intra- and inter-operator reliability and a good concordance with the GSs, demonstrating that all the operators correctly assess left ventricular systolic function and dilation, and evaluate the aortic valve. Furthermore, a specialist clinical activity, more than the acquired theoretical knowledge, affects the reliability of the echocardiographic examination by reducing the difference from the GS’ measurements.
Optimality of Maximal-Effort Vaccination
Authors: Penn Matthew J. , Donnelly Christl A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that vaccinating at maximal effort in the face of an ongoing epidemic is the best strategy to minimise infections and deaths from the disease. Despite this, no one has proved that this is guaranteed to be true if the disease follows multi-group SIR (Susceptible–Infected–Recovered) dynamics. This paper provides a novel proof of this principle for the existing SIR framework, showing that the total number of deaths or infections from an epidemic is decreasing in vaccination effort. Furthermore, it presents a novel model for vaccination which assumes that vaccines assigned to a subgroup are distributed randomly to the unvaccinated population of that subgroup. It suggests, using COVID-19 data, that this more accurately captures vaccination dynamics than the model commonly found in the literature. However, as the novel model provides a strictly larger set of possible vaccination policies, the results presented in this paper hold for both models.
Scientific Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gu Jin , Liang Bin-yong , Zhang Er-lei , Zhang Zun-yi , Chen Xiao-ping , Huang Zhi-yong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith advances in imaging technology and surgical instruments, hepatectomy can be perfectly performed with technical precision for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the 5-year tumor recurrence rates remain greater than 70%. Thus, the strategy for hepatectomy needs to be reappraised based on insights of scientific advances. Scientific evidence has suggested that the main causes of recurrence after hepatectomy for HCC are mainly related to underlying cirrhosis and the vascular spread of tumor cells that basically cannot be eradicated by hepatectomy. Liver transplantation and systemic therapy could be the solution to prevent postoperative recurrence in this regard. Therefore, determining the severity of liver cirrhosis for choosing the appropriate surgical modality, such as liver transplantation or hepatectomy, for HCC and integrating newly emerging immune-related adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy into the strategy of hepatectomy for HCC have become new aspects of exploration to optimize the strategy of hepatectomy. In this new area, hepatectomy for HCC has evolved from a pure technical concept emphasizing anatomic resection into a scientific concept embracing technical considerations and scientific advances in underlying liver cirrhosis, vascular invasion, and systemic therapy. By introducing the concept of scientific hepatectomy, the indications, timing, and surgical techniques of hepatectomy will be further scientifically optimized for individual patients, and recurrence rates will be decreased and long-term survival will be further prolonged.
Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer at the Interface between Die Casting Molds and Additively Manufactured Cooling Inserts
Authors: Capela P. , Gomes I. V. , Lopes V. , Prior F. , Soares D. , Teixeira J. C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe rate of heat transfer to the mold during solidification determines the cooling rate of castings, which significantly impacts their characteristics. The use of an insert produced by additive manufacturing in the mold, with appropriately designed cooling channels, enables adequate cooling control of the entire piece. This article investigates the heat transfer properties at the interface between two types of steel used for die casting molds (steel A) and additively manufactured cooling inserts (steel B). The study analyzed the impact of coolant water flow rate channel (215, 300, and 425 mL/min.) and contact pressure between the two types of steel (0, 15, and 30 bar) on the thermal behavior of the mold/insert assembly in both transient and steady states. The time constants of the system associated with the coolant flow rate transitions from 215 to 300 mL/min and from 215 to 425 mL/min were determined during the transient mode. The findings indicated that increasing the proximity of the cooling channel to the interface, coolant flow rate, and contact pressure resulted in a faster cooling response in the transient state. For the tested conditions, the determination of thermal contact resistance (TCR) was carried out in the steady state. The TCR values were affected by the contact pressure between the two steel pieces, showing, with an increase of 30 bar, a decrease of 21% and 33% for cooling channels located at 6.5 and 9.5 mm from the interface, respectively. Within the tested range, the TCR values were not significantly affected by variations in cooling flow rates. Lower TCR values were observed when the cooling channel was positioned closer to the interface (~ 28%). The study provides valuable insights into the factors affecting thermal contact resistance and process parameters. It can aid in optimizing cooling insert design for casting molds, namely by numerical analysis.
Comparing Cerebellar tDCS and Cerebellar tACS in Neurodegenerative Ataxias Using Wearable Sensors: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Triple-Crossover Trial
Authors: Libri Ilenia , Cantoni Valentina , Benussi Alberto , Rivolta Jasmine , Ferrari Camilla , Fancellu Roberto , Synofzik Matthis , Alberici Antonella , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) represents a promising therapeutic approach for both motor and cognitive symptoms in neurodegenerative ataxias. Recently, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was also demonstrated to modulate cerebellar excitability by neuronal entrainment. To compare the effectiveness of cerebellar tDCS vs. cerebellar tACS in patients with neurodegenerative ataxia, we performed a double-blind, randomized, sham controlled, triple cross-over trial with cerebellar tDCS, cerebellar tACS or sham stimulation in twenty-six participants with neurodegenerative ataxia. Before entering the study, each participant underwent motor assessment with wearable sensors considering gait cadence (steps/minute), turn velocity (degrees/second) and turn duration (seconds), and a clinical evaluation with the scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). After each intervention, participants underwent the same clinical assessment along with cerebellar inhibition (CBI) measurement, a marker of cerebellar activity. The gait cadence, turn velocity, SARA, and ICARS significantly improved after both tDCS and tACS, compared to sham stimulation (all p<0.010). Comparable effects were observed for CBI (p<0.001). Overall, tDCS significantly outperformed tACS on clinical scales and CBI (p<0.01). A significant correlation between changes of wearable sensors parameters from baseline and changes of clinical scales and CBI scores was detected. Cerebellar tDCS and cerebellar tACS are effective in ameliorating symptoms of neurodegenerative ataxias, with the former being more beneficial than the latter. Wearable sensors may serve as rater-unbiased outcome measures in future clinical trials. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT05621200.
Importance of exercise stress testing in evaluation of unexplained cardiac arrest survivor
Authors: Bergeman Auke T. , Robyns Tomas , Amin Ahmad S. , Wilde Arthur A. M. , van der Werf Christian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In sudden cardiac arrest survivors without an immediately identifiable cause, additional extensive yet individualised testing is required.

Methods
We describe 3 survivors of sudden cardiac arrest in whom exercise stress testing was not performed during the initial hospital admission.

Results
All 3 patients were incorrectly diagnosed with long QT syndrome based on temporary sudden cardiac arrest–related heart rate–corrected QT interval prolongation, and exercise stress testing was not performed during the initial work-up. When they were subjected to exercise stress testing during follow-up, a delayed diagnosis of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) was made. As a result, these patients were initially managed inappropriately, and their family members were initially not screened for CPVT.

Conclusion
In sudden cardiac arrest survivors without an immediately identifiable cause, omission of exercise stress testing or erroneous interpretation of the results can lead to a delayed or missed diagnosis of CPVT, which may have considerable implications for survivors and their family.
Structure elucidation and biological activities of perylenequinones from an Alternaria species
Authors: Kiefer Anna , Arnholdt Marcel , Grimm Viktoria , Geske Leander , Groß Jonathan , Vierengel Nina , Opatz Till , Erkel Gerhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE pathway is a pivotal cytoprotective regulator against oxidative stress which plays an important role in the development of many inflammatory diseases and cancer. Activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor by oxidative stress or electrophiles regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent transcription of antioxidative, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory proteins. Therefore, modulators of the KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE pathway have received considerable interest as therapeutics to protect against diseases where oxidative stress constitutes the underlying pathophysiology. In a search for fungal secondary metabolites affecting the Nrf2/ARE-dependent expression of a luciferase reporter gene in BEAS-2B cells, three new perylenequinones, compounds 1, 2, and 3, together with altertoxin-I (ATX-I), were isolated from fermentations of an Alternaria species. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 and ATX-I exhibited strong cytotoxic effects with LC50-values of 3.8 µM and 6.43 µM, respectively, whereas compound 3 showed no cytotoxic effects up to 100 µM on BEAS-2B cells. ATX-I induced ARE-dependent luciferase expression approximately fivefold and compound 1 approximately 2.6-fold at a concentration of 3 µM in transiently transfected BEAS-2B cells. In addition, compound 1 and ATX-I exhibited strong oxidative effects, whereas compound 3 did not show significant oxidative properties. For compound 1 and ATX-I, a strong upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 could be observed on mRNA and protein level in treated BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, compound 3 significantly decreased sod3 mRNA levels after induction of oxidative stress with benzoquinone.
Multiplicative processing in the modeling of cognitive activities in large neural networks
Authors: Valle-Lisboa Juan C. , Pomi Andrés , Mizraji Eduardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExplaining the foundation of cognitive abilities in the processing of information by neural systems has been in the beginnings of biophysics since McCulloch and Pitts pioneered work within the biophysics school of Chicago in the 1940s and the interdisciplinary cybernetists meetings in the 1950s, inseparable from the birth of computing and artificial intelligence. Since then, neural network models have traveled a long path, both in the biophysical and the computational disciplines. The biological, neurocomputational aspect reached its representational maturity with the Distributed Associative Memory models developed in the early 70 s. In this framework, the inclusion of signal-signal multiplication within neural network models was presented as a necessity to provide matrix associative memories with adaptive, context-sensitive associations, while greatly enhancing their computational capabilities. In this review, we show that several of the most successful neural network models use a form of multiplication of signals. We present several classical models that included such kind of multiplication and the computational reasons for the inclusion. We then turn to the different proposals about the possible biophysical implementation that underlies these computational capacities. We pinpoint the important ideas put forth by different theoretical models using a tensor product representation and show that these models endow memories with the context-dependent adaptive capabilities necessary to allow for evolutionary adaptation to changing and unpredictable environments. Finally, we show how the powerful abilities of contemporary computationally deep-learning models, inspired in neural networks, also depend on multiplications, and discuss some perspectives in view of the wide panorama unfolded. The computational relevance of multiplications calls for the development of new avenues of research that uncover the mechanisms our nervous system uses to achieve multiplication.