bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between Estimation of Salt Intake and Salt-Restriction Spoons and Hypertension Status in Patients with Poorly Controlled Hypertension: A community-based Study from Huzhou City, Eastern China
Authors: Zhang Qi , Shen Yimei , Yu Meihua , Yang Zhongrong , Huang Zheng , Ding Jingying , Zhu Xinfeng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
As the prevalence of hypertension increases in China, it is advised to incorporate the use of salt-restriction spoons (SRS) as a lifestyle modification. This study aimed to examine the associations between estimated salt consumption, SRS usage, and the hypertension status in individuals with poorly controlled hypertension.
Methods
Data was collected in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, in 2021 using convenience sampling. The analysis involved univariate and multilevel ordinal logistic regression to assess the relevant factors.
Results
The study found that 73.34% of the 1215 patients had uncontrolled blood pressure. Urinary excretion was assessed through the utilization of the Kawasaki, INTERSALT, and Tanaka formulas. The outcomes of these three methodologies revealed average daily sodium excretion values of 208.70 (65.65), 154.78 (33.91), and 162.61 (40.87) mmol, respectively. The prevalence of utilizing SRS was found to be 37.78% in this study. Despite the acknowledgment among SAS users of the potential hazards associated with excessive salt consumption, there exists a contradictory pattern of attitudes and behaviors concerning salt reduction. Several risk factors, including being overweight or obese, alcohol consumption, and an increasing number of medications, were found to significantly impact blood pressure control (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between salt restriction and hypertension status (Kawasaki adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43–0.79; INTERSALT adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41–0.92; Tanaka adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.45–0.92, p < 0.05) when controlling for other variables among individuals with varying levels of salt intake (quartiles 1–4, Q1 vs Q4). Our research also revealed that using or used SAS was a protective factor for blood pressure control (adjusted OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64–0.99, P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Salt reduction campaigns are necessary in order to address the issue of hypertension. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension can effectively lower their blood pressure by reducing their sodium intake, preferably by utilizing SRS during home cooking in the region. In order to alleviate the burden of hypertension in China, further research is needed to develop interventions that can improve patient outcomes.
Advanced 123I-FP-CIT Serotonin Transporter Imaging: Specific Binding Ratio(SBR) Distribution Helps to Characterize MSA
Authors: Takahashi Kazuya , Ishiguro Masanobu , Inui Yoshitaka , Ichihara Takashi , Shou Sou , Nagao Ryunosuke , Mizutani Yasuaki , Ito Mizuki , Watanabe Hirohisa , Motomura Nobutoku , Toyama Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Sudden death in MSA is caused by a decrease in serotonergic innervation, but there is currently no method to test for this at the level of routine medical care. Therefore, we decided to investigate whether serotonergic nerve can be evaluated using dopamine transporter SPECT. 123I-FP-CIT can bind and accumulate not only dopamine transporters but also serotonin transporters (SERT). While the common method of SERT analysis by SPECT is considered unreliable in many respects, in this study we developed a more reliable SBR imaging technique to measure SERT in the brainstem.
Objective
Using a simple model, we derived a binding potential [1] to quantify the total quantity of 123I-FP-CIT specifically binding to its receptors in brain tissue. We then tried to establish a procedure for imaging that binding potential. Moreover, we investigated whether it was possible to observe differences in SERT distribution in the brainstem region using SBR images from healthy individuals and patients with MSA.
Subjects　A total of 17 healthy individuals and 11 patients with MSA were included in this study.
Methods
SPECT with TEW （Triple Energy Window） scatter correction and CT-AC and MR (T1) images were acquired. The MR images were aligned with the SPECT images. First, a reference site for the SBR calculation was set in the occipital lobe of each subject using the MR (T1) image and measurements were made from the SPECT image at the same position. For each pixel of the SPECT image, a pixel value (123I-FP-CIT accumulation) and accumulation ratio in comparison to the occipital lobe (reference site) were calculated, and a regional SBR distribution image (SBR image) was created. An image showing SERT accumulation was created from the SBR image using a constant threshold method, and the MR image of the same subject was aligned and fused with this image.
Results
The site of serotonin transporter accumulation was visualized as an SBR value on MRI images. Furthermore, SBR images revealed that the distribution of accumulation (distribution of SERT) was different between controls and MSA patients.
Conclusion
An apparent accumulation of SERT was noted in the brainstem region, suggesting that SBR imaging can be useful in determining and quantifying SERT accumulation.
Forced Degradation of an Anticancer Drug Apalutamide: Impurity Profiling and Structure Elucidation Study
Authors: Sapkal Rekha , Quadri Sadaf , Mahajan Rupali , Padhy Hara Prasad , Asthana Amit , Samanthula Gananadhamu , Dikundwar Amol G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An anticancer drug apalutamide approved by USFDA in 2018 is one of the most commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of prostate cancer. The present study aims at establishing the chemical structures of all the degradation products of the API formed under different stress conditions. Apalutamide degradation was studied under ICH-recommended conditions of hydrolysis (acidic, alkaline, neutral), oxidation, photolysis, and thermal stress. In total, seven degradation products (DP-1 to DP-7) were observed which were successfully separated on HPLC and further characterized using LC-MS/MS Q-TOF. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a Shimpack C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm) with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as a mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. The injection volume, detection wavelength, and flow rate were set at 10 µL, 240 nm, and 1.0 mL/min, respectively. Degradation pathways for each of the observed DPs have been proposed based on the mass fragmentation pattern of API as well as DPs, identifying the underlying chemical transformations. Prediction of DPs was performed with Zeneth software tool and the results were compared with the experimental observations. In silico toxicity assessment carried out using Derek suite reveals toxic nature of some of these DPs.
Association of Serum and Hair Antioxidant Minerals with an Oxidative Stress Marker in Relation with Characteristics of Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kang Yoo-Ree , Sung Mi-Kyung , Baik Hyun-Wook , Choi Mi-Kyeong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Excess oxidative stress generated in the body causes various types of cellular damage, including DNA damage. Certain trace minerals act as antioxidants by functioning as cofactors for antioxidant enzymes. This study was conducted to evaluate the serum and hair concentrations of major antioxidant trace minerals (zinc, manganese, selenium, and chromium) and to determine the association between the oxidative stress marker urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and serum or hair antioxidant trace mineral concentrations, according to the general characteristics of healthy adults. Study participants were selected after screening, and 108 participants aged 19–69 years were finally included. Serum and hair trace mineral concentrations were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and urine 8-OHdG levels were quantified using an ELISA kit. Results showed that urinary 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in exercisers than in those who did not exercise. Correlation analysis revealed that urinary 8-OHdG was negatively correlated with hair zinc in participants over 60 years of age and with poor health status, and positively correlated with hair chromium in participants with irregular dietary habits. In conclusion, these results suggest that urinary 8-OHdG is particularly correlated with hair zinc and chromium levels. Additional large-scale epidemiological studies are needed to generally confirm these findings.
Deafness DFNB110 associated with a human MAP3K1 recessive variant recapitulates hearing loss of Map3k1 kinase deficient mice
Authors: Faridi Rabia , Yousaf Rizwan , Inagaki Sayaka , Olszewski Rafal , Gu Shoujun , Morell Robert J. , Wilson Elizabeth , Xia Ying , Qaiser Tanveer Ahmed , Rashid Muhammad , Fenollar-Ferrer Cristina , Hoa Michael , Riazuddin Sheikh , Friedman Thomas B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Deafness in vertebrates is associated with variants of hundreds of genes. Yet, many genes causing rare forms of deafness remain to be discovered. Microarrays and exome sequencing were used to study a consanguineous Pakistani family segregating nonsyndromic deafness in two sibships. A 1.2 Mb locus (DFNB110) on chromosome 5q11.2 encompassing six genes was identified. In one of the two sibships of this family, a novel homozygous recessive variant NM_005921.2:c.4460G>A p.(Arg1487His) in the kinase domain of MAP3K1 co-segregated with nonsyndromic deafness. MAP3K1 phosphorylates serine and threonine or tyrosine and functions in a signaling pathway where pathogenic variants of HGF, MET and GAB1 were previously reported to be associated with human deafness DFNB39, DFNB97 and DFNB26, respectively. Single-cell transcriptome data obtained from mouse cochlea mRNA show Map3k1 expression and its associated signaling partners necessary for hearing. Computational modeling of p.(Arg1487His) predicts a subtle structural alteration consistent with the limited DFNB110 phenotype in contrast to the pleiotropic phenotype of dominant MAP3K1 variants causing Disorders of Sex Development 46,XY sex-reversal and the reported syndromic deafness phenotype of two different protein truncating recessive variants of mouse Map3k1.
Cerebral large vessels vasculitis following Guillain-Barré syndrome as first clinical manifestations of primary Sjogren’s syndrome : a case report and review of the literature
Authors: saied zakaria , zouari rania , nabli fatma , rachdi amine , mohamed dina ben , sassi samia ben 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background :
Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy in which sicca syndrome of the exocrine glands represent the main clinical manifestation.
Severe extraglandular signs of pSS are determinant for the prognosis of this disease. Involvement of both peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) are known to be among the sites of high systemic activity in pSS.
Case presentation :
We, herein, report a case of a 57-year-old female patient with pSS presenting with typical Guillan-Barré syndrome (GBS), shortly followed by acute headaches accompanied by cortical blindness. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated T2 signal abnormalities on the occipital region with narrowing and irregularities of the cerebral arteries, suggestive of CNS vasculitis.
Subtle sicca symptoms occurring prior to neurological symptoms by 8 months together with immunological disturbances (anti-SSA, anti-SSB antibodies positivity, type II cryoglobulins positivity, and C4 hypocomplementemia) allowed us to retain the diagnosis of pSS. Recovery of motor symptoms was possible under the combined use of immunoglobulins and corticotherapy during the initial phase. A three-years follow-up confirmed progressive motor recovery and disease stabilization under 6-months cyclophosphamide cycles relayed by azathioprine immunosuppressive therapy. However, severe residual visual loss persisted
Conclusions :
Neurological complications can be inaugural in pSS and they lead to urgent investigations and treatment. Peripheral and central neurological manifestations can coexist. The approach should integrate careful clinical assessment, as well as radiological and immunological findings.
Adverse Signals of Celecoxib Associated with Central Nervous System and Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Du Yikuan , Zhang Mengting , Chen Mianhai , Hu Mianda , Zeng Wenqi , Zhang Weichui , Zhu Jinfeng , Yang Chun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Some of the COX-2 inhibitors are now clinically recognized as candidates for the treatment of various neurological disorders and cancers, especially celecoxib. We performed this pharmacovigilance analysis using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to explore the mechanisms associated with Celecoxib in adverse events (AEs).
Methods
Mining data from the FAERS database of AEs in which the primary suspect drug was celecoxib. In this study, disproportionality analysis was used to detect potential positive signals between celecoxib and related adverse events. It includes proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM). Use software such as Microsoft Office Excel (EXCEL) and R Studio for processing and statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 111,59092 AE reports were extracted from FAERS and 32841 AE reports with celecoxib as the primary suspected drug were obtained. Celecoxib adverse reactions were mainly reported in cardiac disorders (n = 9602) and nervous system disorders (n = 4045). The number of reports of cerebrovascular accident (n = 3109, IC025 = 3.24) and cerebrovascular disorder (n = 265, IC025 = 5.06) and the signal strength of the two nervous system-related adverse reactions were inconsistent with the description in the labels. Discovery of 9 unexpected and serious AEs, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, male breast disease, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Conclusions
This study is consistent with clinical reports. In addition, unexpected AEs of celecoxib in neurological diseases and cancer were found, providing monitoring and risk identification for future clinical applications of celecoxib.
Impaired fasting glucose related to cumulative dose of prednisone in patients with leprosy reactions: a glucose monitoring and management protocol
Authors: Thomazelli Jaqueline Andreoli , Santos Diogo Fernandes , Leite Cassio Martins , Goulart Isabela Maria Bernardes , Antunes Douglas Eulálio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Our aim was to analyze the effects of the cumulative prednisone dose on blood glucose levels in leprosy reaction (LR) participants without a pre-existing diagnosis of diabetes, using the fasting plasma glucose test, and to develop a protocol to assist in preventing hyperglycemia and glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus (GIDM).
Method: A cross-sectional study enrolled 75 outpatients with LR who were attended at a Reference Center from 2018 to 2020. The binomial test was used to analyze the association among groups and demographic/epidemiological factors. The Mann-Whitney test was used for the median comparison within groups regarding hematologic/biochemical variables.
Results: The clinical forms of borderline-tuberculoid (41.9%; 13/31) and borderline-lepromatous (46.12%) were more prevalent in the groups with a cumulative prednisone dose of ≤4 and >12 months, respectively, compared to the other groups. The overall prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 10.6% (8/75) when patients were assessed in the final phase of this study. A cumulative prednisone dose greater than 8 months, coupled with taking this corticosteroid during blood collection, was found to be associated with impaired fasting glucose. Furthermore, the comparison between patients taking prednisone (Prednisone+; Median:101mg/dL, Min.:74mg/dL, Max.:125mg/dL) and those without (Prednisone-; Median:76mg/dL, Min.:66mg/dL, Max.:99mg/dL) showed a significant difference (p=0.0176) after 12 months of cumulative dose.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, we established a glucose monitoring and management protocol for patients with LR who are taking prednisone, mainly for more than 8 months. The purpose of this protocol is to detect, manage, and prevent the development of hyperglycemia and GIDM.
Identification of Flood Extent Area and Flood Risk Zone Using Geospatial Technologies in Tahirpur Upazila
Authors: Meem Fatima Tabassum , Mahmud Md. Munir , Hossain Md. Jakir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The north-eastern part of Bangladesh, specifically Sunamganj, is located in one of the depressed or low-lying regions of the country, and the north-eastern haor (wetland) region of Bangladesh is highly prone to flash flooding, which destroys crops, property, and infrastructures. It is not feasible to remove flood danger, but geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing-based technologies can greatly lessen its impact. Using geospatial technologies, this study attempts to identify the extent area of previous floods using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and land use/land cover (LULC) classes impacted by flooding in Tahirpur upazila, and to identify flood risk zone using an overlaying method by expert opinion. This study also attempts to identify flood-influencing characteristics include elevation, slope, TWI, NDVI, LULC, rainfall, distance from river, distance from road and drainage density. The flood extent area maps revealed that, in the study region, 61.21%, 62.29%, and 64.21% of the total area was flooded in 2018, 2020, and 2022, respectively. And the risk map reveals that 9.67%, 23.23%, 30.87%, 20.09% and10.14% of the total area are classified as very high risk, high risk, moderate risk, low risk and very low risk respectively. Thus, the findings could aid policymakers and planners in building a preparedness system that would prevent property loss and wealth in Tahirpur upazila.
Immune pressure on hematopoietic stem cells can drastically expand glycosylphosphatidylinositol-deficient clones in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Shingai Naoki , Mizumaki Hiroki , Najima Yuho , Yamada Yuta , Dung Tran Cao , Haraguchi Kyoko , Toya Takashi , Okuyama Yoshiki , Doki Noriko , Nannya Yasuhito , Ogawa Seishi , Nakao Shinji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematological disease characterized by intravascular hemolysis, thrombosis, and bone marrow (BM) failure. Although PNH is caused by excessive proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) clones with loss of function mutations in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A (PIGA) gene, the factor that drives the expansion of PNH clones remains elusive.
Case presentation:
We present a 26-year-old female who presented with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood showed that 71.9% and 15.3% of the granulocytes and erythrocytes were glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)(-). The patient was diagnosed with PNH with BM failure. Deep-targeted sequencing covering 369 different genes of sorted GPI(-) granulocytes revealed three different PIGA mutations (p.I69fs, variant allele frequency (VAF) 24.2%; p.T192P, VAF 5.8%; p.V300fs, VAF 5.1%) and no other mutations. She received six cycles of eculizumab and oral cyclosporine. Although the serum lactate dehydrogenase level decreased, the patient remained dependent on red blood cell transfusion. Six months after diagnosis, she received a syngeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from a genetically identical healthy twin, following an immune ablative conditioning regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin 10 mg/kg. After 4 years, the patient’s blood count remained normal without any signs of hemolysis. However, the peripheral blood contained 0.2% GPI(-) granulocytes, and the three PIGA mutations that had been detected before BMT persisted at proportions similar to those before transplantation (p.I69fs, VAF 36.1%; p.T192P, VAF 3.7%; p.V300fs, VAF 8.6%).
Conclusions
The PNH clones whose proportion had increased excessively before BMT decreased but persisted at low percentages for more than 4 years after the immunoablative conditioning regimen followed by syngeneic BMT. These findings indicate that immune pressure on HSCs, which caused BM failure before BMT, was sufficient for PIGA-mutated HSCs to clonally expand to cause PNH.
Ensemble-based Hybrid Optimization of Bayesian Neural Networks and Traditional Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Tan Peiwen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This research introduces a novel methodology for optimizing Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) by synergistically integrating them with traditional machine learning algorithms such as Random Forests (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). Utilizing ensemble methods, represented by the equation yensemble = M ∈M wM · yM , and stacking techniques, the study formulates a unique hybrid predictive system. The research rigorously explores the properties of individual non-Bayesian models, establishing their feature importance , generalization error, and optimization landscapes through lemmas and theorems. It proves the optimality of the proposed ensemble method and the robustness of the stacking technique. Feature integration is mathematically formulated to achieve significant information gain. Additionally, in synthesizing the findings, our research corroborates the mathematical formulations underlying ensemble methods while offering nuanced insights into the limitations of hyperparameter tuning. Specifically, the ensemble method empirically validates the ensemble generalization error equation Eensemble = n i=1 w 2 i ϵi + 2 n i=1 j̸ =i wiwjρ(Mi, Mj)ϵiϵj, showcasing the ensemble’s minimized generalization error. This is further optimized through the Lagrangian function L(w1, w2,. .. , wn, λ) = Eensemble + λ 1 − n i=1 wi , allowing for adaptive weight adjustments. Feature integration solidifies these results by emphasizing the second-order conditions for optimality, including stationarity (∇L = 0) and positive definiteness of the Hessian matrix. Conversely, hyperparameter tuning indicates a subdued impact in improving Expected Improvement (EI), represented by EI(x) = E[max(f (x) − f (x *), 0)]. Overall, the ensemble method stands out as a robust, algorithmically optimized approach.
Symmetry Preservation in Hamiltonian Systems: Simulation and Learning
Authors: Vaquero Miguel , Cortés Jorge , de Diego David Martin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

This work presents a general geometric framework for simulating and learning the dynamics of Hamiltonian systems that are invariant under a Lie group of transformations. This means that a group of symmetries is known to act on the system respecting its dynamics and, as a consequence, Noether’s Theorem, conserved quantities are observed. We propose to simulate and learn the mappings of interest through the construction of G-invariant Lagrangian submanifolds, which are pivotal objects in symplectic geometry. A notable property of our constructions is that the simulated/learned dynamics also preserves the same conserved quantities as the original system, resulting in a more faithful surrogate of the original dynamics than non-symmetry aware methods, and in a more accurate predictor of non-observed trajectories. Furthermore, our setting is able to simulate/learn not only Hamiltonian flows, but any Lie group-equivariant symplectic transformation. Our designs leverage pivotal techniques and concepts in symplectic geometry and geometric mechanics: reduction theory , Noether’s Theorem, Lagrangian submanifolds, momentum mappings, and coisotropic reduction among others. We also present methods to learn Poisson transformations while preserving the underlying geometry and how to endow non-geometric integrators with geometric properties. Thus, this work presents a novel attempt to harness the power of sym-plectic and Poisson geometry towards simulating and learning problems.