bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do leadership behaviours, work environments and the health of managers in Sweden and outside Sweden differ?—a study of a large international mining company
Authors: Vinberg Stig , Lööw Joel , Jakobsson Mats , Molnar Malin Mattson , Larsson Johan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe mining industry faces specific challenges related to the working conditions and safety of employees. Studies indicate that the leadership behaviours, working conditions and health of managers are of importance for the working conditions and health of subordinates. Therefore, the aim here is to study these factors in a large international mining company with its head office in Sweden. The specific focus is on identifying similarities and differences that may exist between managers in Sweden and managers outside Sweden. An online survey with validated questions has been distributed to all managers in the company. The main findings are that both managers in and outside of Sweden report relatively high values regarding relation-, structure- and change-oriented leadership behaviours. In addition, managers also rated HEL (healthy and effective leadership) behaviours with relatively high values. The managers in Sweden rate relation orientation with the highest value and the managers outside Sweden rate structure orientation with the highest value. These differences have been confirmed by a regression analysis that identified significant associations between the group of managers based outside Sweden and higher structure orientated leadership behaviours. Both manager groups rate relatively high values regarding job satisfaction and self-rated health. However, they rate relatively high work demand values. The main conclusions are that there are different patterns in leadership behaviours between these two manager groups that can be related to cross-culture factors. Further investigation of the reasons for these differences is important in this industrial sector.
Differences between total amount of heavy metals and their occurrence form contents in the wastelands of a molybdenum mine area
Authors: Shi Ping , Huang Jing , Wu Zecan , Chen Aoshuang , Zhang Guangxin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a single sample plot, the total amount of heavy metals in the soil could not necessarily reflect the contents of their effective states. This must be considered when attempting to determine the degree of soil heavy-metal pollution in an area. In the present study, the soil around the molybdenum mining area in Huludao, China, was surveyed and sampled to evaluate soil heavy-metal pollution using the Nemerow multifactor pollution index method. The Tessier continuous extraction method was used to analyze the distribution of heavy-metal forms’ and their content changes in the soil of this area. Thus, the bioactivity of heavy metals in the soil, the absorption of heavy metals by plants, and the distribution of heavy metals in plants were explored to provide data supporting the use of phytoremediation technology to treat the heavy-metal pollution in the molybdenum mining area and develop ecological restoration strategies for the area’s wastelands. The pollution index results indicate that heavy-metal pollution in the soil around the tailings pond is severe, mainly due to Pb and Zn heavy metals. Heavy-metal pollution in the surrounding land is mainly due to Cd and Zn. Content analysis of the heavy-metal forms/states in soils shows that exchangeable forms, which are most effective and toxic to plants, of the following metals are highest in the following areas: Cd, Cu, and Zn in the mountains around the stope; Zn, Mo, and Cu in the cultivated land around the dump; and Cd, Zn, and Mo in the cultivated land around the tailings pond. The pollution index analysis provides a basic overview of soil heavy-metal pollution across the entire mining area. However, content analysis of heavy-metal forms/states better reflects the relationship between the availability of heavy metals in the soil and the effectiveness of plants. Thus, the latter analysis can help ensure that phytoremediation strategies are adequately targeted, science-based, and effective.
Damping Behaviour of High Silicon Nodular Cast Iron
Authors: Pereira Inês , Anjos Vítor , Alonso Gorka , Malheiros Luís Filipe , Suarez Rámon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work focused on producing and characterizing high silicon cast irons (microstructural analysis, tensile properties, damping capacity, elastic properties). Moreover, it also evaluated the influence of RE alloying on damping capacity. The samples present a step-casting geometry to verify the cooling rate’s impact on their microstructures and, consequently, on the mechanical properties. The high Si SGI presented a fully ferritic matrix (i.e. pearlite < 5%) with uniform dispersed graphite nodules; however, those also RE alloyed showed a lower nodularity. The results show an average increase, relative to the base SGI, of 33% for tensile strength and 55% for yield strength (section thicknesses between 45 and 25 mm). A damping capacity increase was observed, reaching a maximum increase of 32% with the addition of RE. The beneficial impact lies in the possibility of increasing the damping capacity of SGI, without compromising its tensile strength, by balancing the graphite degeneration (induced by RE alloying) and strengthening the ferritic matrix (promoted by the high Si content).
The Impacts of Applying Cobalt and Chitosan with Various Water Irrigation Schemes at Different Growth Stages of Corn on Macronutrient Uptake, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Elshamly Ayman M. S. , Nassar Saad M. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile previous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of low cobalt (CB) levels and chitosan (CH) on yield and nutrient status, information about their individual and combined applications on plants under stress is still lacking. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate CB and CH impacts on mitigating water stress during growth stages and their effects on corn macronutrient uptake and yield. Four irrigation schemes were employed, including (1) control (full irrigation), (2) 70% of irrigation water during the vegetative stage, (3) 70% of irrigation water during the flowering stage, and (4) 85% of irrigation water during both the vegetative and flowering stages. The plants were treated with (7.5 mg l−1) CB injected into the irrigation water and CH foliar application (500 mg l−1), while distilled water was used as the control. Plants that were exposed to water stress during the flowering stage and treated with CB, or those subjected to water stress during the vegetative stage and treated with CH, showed increased macronutrient uptake and growth, which had a positive effect on yield and water use efficiency. However, when CB and CH were applied in combination, their potential to enhance these features depended on the pattern of water stress adopted. Overall, the application of CB and CH was effective in mitigating water stress, and their combined application was particularly effective when 70% of irrigation water was applied during the flowering stage. This approach resulted in the highest yield, macronutrient uptake, water use efficiency, and tolerance index.
Thermal protection of a vertical plate using ethylene glycol film cooling flowing down on a vertical plate
Authors: Nasr Abdelaziz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper concerns a numerical investigation of the evaporative cooling of liquid film falling along a vertical channel. The first plate is insulated and wetted by an ethylene glycol liquid film while the second one (y = d) is dry and isothermal. A marching procedure is employed for solution of the equation of mass momentum, energy and concentration in the flow. Numerical results for air-ethylene glycol system are presented. The effects of ambient gas temperature and inlet vapor mass fraction of ethylene glycol on the heat and mass transfer and on the ethylene glycol liquid film evaporation are investigated.
Modeling grid erosion in the NEXT ion thruster using the CEX2D and CEX3D codes
Authors: Polk James , Chaplin Vernon , Anderson John , Yim John , Soulas George , Williams George , Shastry Rohit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNASA’s Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT) is a candidate for future deep space missions that offers high efficiency and specific impulse over a large power throttling range. One of the key life-limiting components is the ion accelerator system, which is subject to sputter erosion by low energy discharge plasma ions incident on the upstream screen grid and higher energy charge exchange ions that impact the downstream accelerator grid. The grid erosion codes CEX2D and CEX3D were validated with data from tests of NEXT as well as the NSTAR ion thruster and then used to assess the time to failure in space due to screen grid erosion and electron backstreaming caused by accelerator grid aperture erosion. Screen grid erosion was found to be important only at the lowest throttle levels, and was conservatively estimated to lead to failure after processing over 900 kg of xenon. The first failure mode at high power levels was found to be electron backstreaming due to accelerator grid hole wall erosion, which would occur after processing over 700 kg of propellant.
The uncommon complications of Meckel’s diverticulum: A single center case series study and literature review
Authors: Bayissa Badhaasaa B. , Yahya Abdurahman 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction and importance
Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital true diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract with 4–9% life time risk of complications. It is difficult to diagnose preoperatively other than having high index of suspicion. Therefore, the aim of this case series is to present the rare presentation of this disease and create awareness for clinician to deliver early intervention so that associated mortality and morbidity will be minimized.

Case presentation
Here we present four cases of Meckel’s diverticulum managed in single center during a period of one year. Two cases were presented as isolated gangrenous Meckel’s diverticulum with small bowel obstruction. The remaining two were: an adult male patient operated for generalized peritonitis as a result of perforated Meckel’s diverticulitis and a child with intussusception in which Meckel’s diverticulum was secondarily obstructed.

Clinical discussion
The less frequent complications of Meckel’s diverticulum are more challenging to diagnose. It carries higher rate of morbidities since early diagnosis is difficult; especially, isolated axial torsion of the Meckel’s diverticulum that we are presenting in this case series. Therefore it is prudent to consider for a pain originating from central abdomen which gets diffuse in the meantime unlike symptoms of complicated appendicitis as symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum.

Conclusion
The rare complications of Meckel’s diverticulum need high index of suspicion to diagnose as their symptoms mimic other pathologies which cause diffuse abdominal pain. Timely intervention can prevent hospital mortality, morbidity and decrease duration of hospital stay.

Highlights
Master Narratives, Self-Simulation, and the Healing of the Self
Authors: BOLLIER RYAN 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInfiltrated consciousness occurs when a subject's sense of self comes to be strongly and negatively shaped by victimizing master narratives. Consider the stay-at-home dad who has internalized a harmful narrative of traditional masculinity and so feels ashamed because he is not the family's bread winner. One way master narratives infiltrate consciousness is through conditioning self-simulation by assigning a hierarchy of values to different social roles. Further, master narratives confine self-simulation by prescribing certain social roles to an individual and prohibiting others. One common suggestion for counteracting infiltrated consciousness is to transform it through membership in new communities with new master narratives. But how does such healing happen? This essay offers a response. Recent psychological research on constructivist theories of memory outlines a naturalistically plausible mechanism for self-simulation. I argue that this mechanism is implicated in transforming infiltrated consciousness. This clarifies features of our psychological architecture that make the alteration of self-concepts possible.
Moral Principles as Generics
Authors: THAKRAL RAVI 
Published: April 2023

AbstractI argue that moral principles involve the same sort of generalization as ordinary yet elusive generic generalizations in natural language such as ‘Tigers are striped’ or ‘Peppers are spicy’. A notable advantage of the generic view is that it simultaneously allows for pessimism and optimism about the role and status of moral principles in our lives. It provides a new perspective on the nature of moral principles on which principles are not apt for determining the moral status of particular actions while they may be apt, and even fundamental, to our acquisition of moral knowledge. A natural consequence of the view is variation among moral principles, with some regularly warranting exceptions and some appearing arguably exceptionless. I will also argue that this generic conception of moral principles has significant advantages, as a normative model of moral reasoning, over the view of moral principles as defaults advanced in recent years.
Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing varies by clinical services at United States children’s hospitals
Authors: Diggs Devin T. , Tribble Alison C. , Same Rebecca G. , Newland Jason G. , Lee Brian R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:To describe patterns of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing at US children’s hospitals and how these patterns vary by clinical service.Design:Serial, cross-sectional study using quarterly surveys.Setting:Surveys were completed in quarter 1 2019–quarter 3 2020 across 28 children’s hospitals in the United States.Participants:Patients at children’s hospitals with ≥1 antibiotic order at 8:00 a.m. on institution-selected quarterly survey days.Methods:Antimicrobial stewardship physicians and pharmacists collected data on antibiotic orders and evaluated appropriateness of prescribing. The primary outcome was percentage of inappropriate antibiotics, stratified by clinical service and antibiotic class. Secondary outcomes included reasons for inappropriate use and association of infectious diseases (ID) consultation with appropriateness.Results:Of 13,344 orders, 1,847 (13.8%) were inappropriate; 17.5% of patients receiving antibiotics had ≥1 inappropriate order. Pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and hospitalists contributed the most inappropriate orders (n = 384 and n = 314, respectively). Surgical subspecialists had the highest percentage of inappropriate orders (22.5%), and 56.8% of these were for prolonged or unnecessary surgical prophylaxis. ID consultation in the previous 7 days was associated with fewer inappropriate orders (15% vs 10%; P < .001); this association was most pronounced for hospitalist, PICU, and surgical and medical subspecialty services.Conclusions:Inappropriate antibiotic use for hospitalized children persists and varies by clinical service. Across 28 children’s hospitals, PICUs and hospitalists contributed the most inappropriate antibiotic orders, and surgical subspecialists’ orders were most often judged inappropriate. Understanding service-specific prescribing patterns will enable antimicrobial stewardship programs to better design interventions to optimize antibiotic use.
Non-reversible guided Metropolis kernel
Authors: Kamatani Kengo , Song Xiaolin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe construct a class of non-reversible Metropolis kernels as a multivariate extension of the guided-walk kernel proposed by Gustafson (Statist. Comput.8, 1998). The main idea of our method is to introduce a projection that maps a state space to a totally ordered group. By using Haar measure, we construct a novel Markov kernel termed the Haar mixture kernel, which is of interest in its own right. This is achieved by inducing a topological structure to the totally ordered group. Our proposed method, the$\Delta$-guided Metropolis–Haar kernel, is constructed by using the Haar mixture kernel as a proposal kernel. The proposed non-reversible kernel is at least 10 times better than the random-walk Metropolis kernel and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo kernel for the logistic regression and a discretely observed stochastic process in terms of effective sample size per second.
Virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and phylogeny of bovine mastitis-associatedStreptococcus dysgalactiae
Authors: Crippa Bruna Lourenço , Rodrigues Marjory Xavier , Tomazi Tiago , Yang Yongqiang , de Oliveira Rocha Liliana , Bicalho Rodrigo Carvalho , Silva Nathália Cristina Cirone 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe carried out a thorough genetic evaluation ofStreptococcus dysgalactiaeisolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases and performed a phylogenetic analysis to represent the evolutionary relationship betweenS. dysgalactiaesequences. A total of 35S. dysgalactiaestrains were isolated from cases of clinical mastitis identified at a large commercial dairy farm located near Ithaca, New York. Whole-genome sequencing identified twenty-six antibiotic resistance genes, four of which were acquired genes, in addition to fifty virulence genes. Multi-locus sequence typing detected three new sequence types (STs). We conclude that a high proportion of this microorganism carries multiple virulence determinants and resistance genes, and that this indicates its potential to cause mastitis. Eight different STs were identified, of which ST453 (n= 17) was the most prevalent and ST714, ST715, ST716 were novel STs.
goose-fronting in Received Pronunciation across time: A trend study
Authors: Jansen Sandra , Mompean Jose A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current study analyzes the trajectory of thegoosevowel in Received Pronunciation (RP) over ten decades (1920s-2010s). Recordings of eighty-seven RP speakers were transcribed inELAN, and vowel tokens were extracted byFAVE, measuring F1 and F2 values at the midpoint. Showing the life-cycle of a sound change from start to (almost) completion, the results confirm thatgoose-fronting has been an active sound change for many decades in RP, with F2 starting to increase in the middle of the twentieth century and accelerated changes in the 1970s and the 2010s. We observe similar predictor strengths of linguistic factors as in previous studies. The results are interpreted in light of the social changes in the social composition of the RP group in the second part of the twentieth century, involving increased dialect contact.
From type theory to setoids and back
Authors: Palmgren Erik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA model of Martin-Löf extensional type theory with universes is formalized in Agda, an interactive proof system based on Martin-Löf intensional type theory. This may be understood, we claim, as a solution to the old problem of modeling the full extensional theory in the intensional theory. Types are interpreted as setoids, and the model is therefore a setoid model.We solve the problem of interpreting type universes by utilizing Aczel’s type of iterative sets and show how it can be made into a setoid of small setoids containing the necessary setoid constructions. In addition, we interpret the bracket types of Awodey and Bauer. Further quotient types should be interpretable.
The Role of Atmospheric Rivers in Antarctic Sea Ice Variations
Authors: Liang Kaixin , Wang Jinfei , Luo Hao , Yang Qinghua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAntarctic sea ice variations are affected by moisture and heat from low‐ and mid‐latitudes, more than 90% of which are transported by atmospheric rivers (ARs). This study employs the ERA5 reanalysis and satellite observations to detect all the ARs over the Antarctic sea ice and analyze the general contributions of ARs on sea ice changes from 1979 to 2020. Though AR frequency is low in all seasons, ARs give rise to intense sea ice reduction at a rate of more than 10%/day in marginal ice zone. Thermodynamic processes of sea ice dominate the AR‐induced variations, associated with anomalous atmospheric conditions during ARs. Warm, moist and cloudy weather causes considerable melting by enhancing sensible heat flux in cold seasons but has restrictive influences in summer due to blocked solar radiation. Heavy precipitation during ARs is also nonnegligible, especially during the summer melt.
High‐Temperature Fracture Growth by Constrained Sintering of Jadeite and Quartz Aggregates
Authors: Doungkaew Natchanan , Eichhubl Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFractures control heat and mass transfer and rheology in a wide range of subsurface regimes, ranging from low‐temperature diagenetic environments to high‐temperature metamorphic and magmatic systems. To investigate processes of opening‐mode fracture growth at high homologous temperature, we conducted constrained high‐temperature sintering experiments of thin layers of porous jadeite and quartz aggregate attached to a non‐sintering mullite substrate. Samples were heated stepwise at a low rate in a muffle furnace from 25°C to 1,000°C under ambient air pressure and examined for changes in mineral composition, texture, porosity, and fracture morphology using powder‐X‐ray diffraction, macro‐photography, reflected incident light microscopy, and secondary electron microscopy. Mineral reactions in the jadeite and quartz sample layer include jadeite and quartz reacting to albite at 600°C and the formation of nepheline and orthoclase at 900°C and 1,000°C. Opening‐mode fractures are first observed at 850°C coincident with the first presence of a melt phase with low aperture‐to‐length ratios similar to elastic‐brittle fractures. At 900°C, melt becomes increasingly abundant, and fractures obtain ductile morphology with high aperture‐to length ratios and blunted tips resulting from fracture growth by growth and coalescence of larger pores at the expense of smaller pores. In the absence of an externally applied mechanical load, we conclude that fracture growth is driven primarily by sintering stress resulting from differential contraction between sample layer and substrate associated with high‐temperature mineral reactions, melt formation and redistribution, and changes in pore structure. Similar fracture processes may be relevant to the segregation and migration of melt in magmatic systems.
Patient-derived xenograft models in cancer therapy: technologies and applications
Authors: Liu Yihan , Wu Wantao , Cai Changjing , Zhang Hao , Shen Hong , Han Ying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, in which tumor tissues from patients are implanted into immunocompromised or humanized mice, have shown superiority in recapitulating the characteristics of cancer, such as the spatial structure of cancer and the intratumor heterogeneity of cancer. Moreover, PDX models retain the genomic features of patients across different stages, subtypes, and diversified treatment backgrounds. Optimized PDX engraftment procedures and modern technologies such as multi-omics and deep learning have enabled a more comprehensive depiction of the PDX molecular landscape and boosted the utilization of PDX models. These irreplaceable advantages make PDX models an ideal choice in cancer treatment studies, such as preclinical trials of novel drugs, validating novel drug combinations, screening drug-sensitive patients, and exploring drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we gave an overview of the history of PDX models and the process of PDX model establishment. Subsequently, the review presents the strengths and weaknesses of PDX models and highlights the integration of novel technologies in PDX model research. Finally, we delineated the broad application of PDX models in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other novel therapies.