bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marsupial genome analysis suggests that satellite DNA formation from walb endogenous retrovirus is an event specific to the red‐necked wallaby
Authors: Koga Akihiko , Hashimoto Kenji , Honda Yusuke , Nishihara Hidenori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe recently identified walbRep, a satellite DNA residing in the genome of the red‐necked wallaby Notamacropus rufogriseus. It originates from the walb endogenous retrovirus and is organized in a manner in which the provirus structure is retained. The walbRep repeat units feature an average pairwise nucleotide identity as high as 99.5%, raising the possibility of a recent origin. The tammar wallaby N. eugenii is a species estimated to have diverged from the red‐necked wallaby 2–3 million years ago. In PCR analyses of these two and other related species, walbRep‐specific fragment amplification was observed only in the red‐necked wallaby. Sequence database searches for the tammar wallaby resulted in sequence alignment lists that were sufficiently powerful to exclude the possibility of walbRep existence. These results suggested that the walbRep formation occurred in the red‐necked wallaby lineage after its divergence from the tammar wallaby lineage, thus in a time span of maximum 3 million years.
Oxygen octahedra distortion‐induced multiferroic properties of Er and Zr co‐doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Divyalakshmi S. , Shameem Banu I. B. , Rajesh R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present work unveiled the distortion of oxygen octahedra influencing magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of novel Bi1−xErxFe1−yZryO3 (x = 0, .05, .1, y = .02, .05) polycrystalline nanoparticles by sol–gel route. X‐ray diffraction patterns analysis reveals that pristine BiFeO3 and doped BiFeO3 are crystalized in the rhombohedral structure (R3c). The Fe–O–Fe bond angle of Bi1−xErxFe1−yZryO3 (x = 0, .05, .1, y = .02, .05) varies between 141° and 159.62° as the concentration of Er (via Bi site) and Zr (via Fe site) ions increases in BiFeO3. As a result, the tilt angle of oxygen octahedra and the canting angle of spiral spin arrangement increase. Hence, the maximum magnetization varies between .03144 and .37558 emu/g in Er and Zr co‐doped BiFeO3 system. The number of electrons per unit cell of Bi1−xErxFe1−yZryO3 (x = 0, .05, .1, y = .02, .05) lies between 733.38 and 831, respectively. Further, the number of coherently diffracting domains increases from 3.07 to 5.21, and then it decreases when Er and Zr are increased in BiFeO3. Consequently, the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient varies between .0265 and .2511 mV/cm Oe, respectively. Particularly, Bi0.95Er0.05Fe0.98Zr0.02O3 shows enhanced magnetic and magnetoelectric behaviors compared to other samples.
Nitric oxide synthase is required for the pea aphid's defence against bacterial infection
Authors: Ma Li , Yan Xizhong , Zhou Lin , Wang Wentao , Chen Kangkang , Hao Chi , Lu Zhiqiang , Qie Xingtao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCompared to other insects, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum has a reduced immune system with an absence of genes coding for a lot of immunity‐related molecules. Notably, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which catalyses the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), is present in the pea aphid. However, the role of NO in the immune system of pea aphid remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of NO in the defence of the pea aphid against bacterial infections and found that the NOS gene of the pea aphid responded to an immune challenge, with the expression of ApNOS observably upregulated after bacterial infections. Knockdown of ApNOS using RNA interference or inhibition of NOS activity increased the number of live bacterial cells in aphids and the mortality of aphids after bacterial infection. Conversely, the increase in NO level in aphids using NO donor inhibited the bacterial growth, increased the survival of bacteria‐infected aphids, and upregulated immune genes, such as Toll pathway and phagocytosis related genes. Thus, NO promotes immune responses and plays an important role in the immune system of pea aphid.
Chatbot‐mediated learning of cardiac auscultation
Authors: Cho Kenneth , Foo Yun M. , Dalziel Bronwen , Hu Wendy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious research suggested cardiac auscultation is underdeveloped in physicians‐in‐training. Developing proficiency requires wide exposure to signs, practice and feedback, which may not regularly occur in clinical environments. Our novel pilot study using a mixed‐methods approach (n = 9) suggests chatbot‐mediated learning of cardiac auscultation is accessible and possesses unique advantages, including immediate feedback, helping in the management of cognitive overload and facilitating deliberate practice.
Ozone therapy for skin diseases: Cellular and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Liu Liyao , Zeng Liyue , Gao Lihua , Zeng Jinrong , Lu Jianyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOzone is a highly reactive oxidant molecule consisting of triatomic oxygen atoms. Ozone therapy can be achieved using ozonated hydrotherapy, ozonated oil, ozone autohemotherapy, and other innovative dosage forms of ozone products. Ozone is frequently used as a complementary therapy for various cutaneous diseases, including infectious skin diseases, wound healing, eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, axillary osmidrosis, diabetic foot, and pressure ulcers. In addition, several studies have reported the superior potential of ozone therapy for improving skin and gut microbiomes, as well as antitumour and antiaging treatment. Ozone therapy is an emerging treatment strategy that acts via complex mechanisms, including antioxidant effects, immunomodulatory capacity, and modulation of local microcirculation. Studies assessing the mechanism of ozone have gradually expanded in recent years. This review article aims to summarise and explore the possible molecular biological mechanisms of ozone in cutaneous diseases and provide compelling theoretical evidence for the application of ozone in cutaneous diseases.
Enhanced magnetism in Ru‐doped hybrid improper perovskite Ca3Mn2O7 via experimental and first‐principles study
Authors: Yuan Kejia , Zhang Hanwen , Gu Qiang , Xiao Tianqi , Li Zhiyan , Wong‐Ng Winnie Kwai , Zhou Wei , Wang Chao , Wang Shouyu , Liu Weifang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper layered perovskites with single‐phase multiferroicity have attracted much attention in recent magnetoelectric memory applications. We have systematically investigated the optical and magnetic properties of Ru‐doped hybrid improper perovskite Ca3Mn2O7 both experimentally and using first‐principles calculations. The Ca3RuxMn2−xO7 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.10) powders were successfully synthesized using the sol–gel method. Ru doping enhanced the ferromagnetism of Ca3Mn2O7. The quasi‐2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) fluctuation effect was observed in Ca3Mn2O7 and in certain doped samples. We also found that the optical bandgaps of the doped samples were reduced after doping, agreeing with the results of the first‐principles calculations. Infrared absorption spectra indicated the distortion of the Mn–O bonds was possibly due to the Jahn–Teller effect. To analyze the electronic structures and to understand the detailed atomic contributions of magnetic moments, the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) and Integrated COHP of the (Mn,Ru)O6 octahedra were also calculated. The Ru‐doped materials with the coexistence of ferromagnetic and AFM orderings are expected to be excellent candidates for magnetoelectric devices.
“I think it impacts all areas of his life”: Perspectives on hearing from mothers of individuals with Down syndrome
Authors: Porter Heather L. , Braza Meredith D. , Knox Randi , Vicente Manuel , Buss Emily , Leibold Lori J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome are known to have high rates of hearing loss, but it is unclear how this impacts their ability to communicate and function in real‐world environments.MethodsSixteen English‐speaking and Spanish‐speaking mothers of individuals with Down syndrome ages 6–40 years participated in individual, semi‐structured interviews using a videoconferencing platform. Session transcripts were analysed using applied thematic analysis.ResultsMothers described listening environments, the impact of hearing on daily life, barriers to successful listening, and strategies to overcome communication barriers for their children with Down syndrome.ConclusionsHearing was largely discussed in terms of challenges and detriments, suggesting that hearing experiences are predominately considered to negatively impact the functional abilities of individuals with Down syndrome. Background noise and hearing loss were sources of communication difficulties. Parent‐reported barriers and strategies can inform ecologically valid research priorities aimed at improving outcomes for individuals with Down syndrome.
In vivo tissue temperatures during 90 W/4 sec‐very high power‐short‐duration (vHPSD) ablation versus ablation index‐guided 50 W‐HPSD ablation: A porcine study
Authors: Otsuka Naoto , Okumura Yasuo , Kuorkawa Sayaka , Nagashima Koichi , Wakamatsu Yuji , Hayashida Satoshi , Ohkubo Kimie , Nakai Toshiko , Hao Hiroyuki , Takahashi Rie , Taniguchi Yoshiki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionNeither the actual in vivo tissue temperatures reached with 90 W/4 s‐very high‐power short‐duration (vHPSD) ablation for atrial fibrillation nor the safety and efficacy profile have been fully elucidated.MethodsWe conducted a porcine study (n = 15) in which, after right thoracotomy, we implanted 6–8 thermocouples epicardially in the superior vena cava, right pulmonary vein, and esophagus close to the inferior vena cava. We compared tissue temperatures close to a QDOT MICRO catheter, between during 90 W/4 s‐vHPSD ablation during ablation index (AI: target 400)‐guided 50 W‐HPSD ablation, both targeting a contact force of 8–15 g.ResultsMaximum tissue temperature reached during 90 W/4 s‐vHPSD ablation did not differ significantly from that during 50 W‐HPSD ablation (49.2 ± 8.4°C vs. 50.0 ± 12.1°C; p = .69) and correlated inversely with distance between the catheter tip and the thermocouple, regardless of the power settings (r = −0.52 and r = −0.37). Lethal temperature (≥50°C) was best predicted at a catheter tip‐to‐thermocouple distance cut‐point of 3.13 and 4.27 mm, respectively. All lesions produced by 90 W/4 s‐vHPSD or 50 W‐HPSD ablation were transmural. Although there was no difference in the esophageal injury rate (50% vs. 66%, p = .80), the thermal lesion was significantly shallower with 90 W/4 s‐vHPSD ablation than with 50W‐HPSD ablation (381.3 ± 127.3 vs. 820.0 ± 426.1 μm from the esophageal adventitia; p = .039).ConclusionActual tissue temperatures reached with 90 W/4 s‐vHPSD ablation appear similar to those with AI‐guided 50 W‐HPSD ablation, with the distance between the catheter tip and target tissue being shorter for the former. Although both ablation settings may create transmural lesions in thin atrial tissues, any resulting esophageal thermal lesions appear shallower with 90 W/4 s‐vHPSD ablation.
Pharmacology of orismilast, a potent and selective PDE4 inhibitor
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. , French Lars E. , Warren Richard B. , Strober Bruce , Kjøller Kim , Sommer Morten O. A. , Andres Philippe , Felding Jakob , Weiss Anne , Tutkunkardas Deniz , Skak‐Nielsen Tine , Guttman Emma 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere remains an unmet need for oral medications that are safe and efficacious for long‐term management of chronic inflammatory skin diseases (CISD). Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) can modulate a broad range of pro‐inflammatory cytokines that play a major role in CISD pathogenesis. Orismilast is a second generation PDE4 inhibitor in clinical development for CISD treatment.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the PDE4 enzymatic activity and anti‐inflammatory effects of orismilast in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo.MethodsThe PDE1‐11 enzymatic activity of orismilast was tested in vitro using a single concentration of 308 nM orismilast. The PDE4 selectivity and inhibitory potency was further examined in a radiometric assay. Orismilast was tested on human whole blood and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to determine effects on its cytokine secretion and inhibition profile ex vivo. Orismilast was orally administered in a murine model of chronic oxazolone‐induced ear skin inflammation. Ear thickness, a marker of inflammation, and inflammatory cytokines were analysed.ResultsOrismilast selectively inhibited PDE4 and demonstrated potent inhibition of PDE4B and PDE4D subtype splice variants in vitro. Orismilast inhibited whole blood and PBMC production of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and the secretion of T‐helper (Th)1 (TNFα and IFNγ), Th17 (IL‐22 and IL‐23), and Th2 (IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13) related cytokines in PBMC. In vivo, 10 and 30 mg/kg doses of orismilast significantly reduced ear thickness and inflammation markers (p < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionOrismilast displayed selective and potent PDE4 inhibition and broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory activity in several pre‐clinical models. The results of the study support clinical development of oral orismilast as a novel treatment option for CISD including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa.
Spesolimab improves patient‐reported outcomes in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis: Results from the Effisayil 1 study
Authors: Navarini Alexander A. , Prinz Jörg C. , Morita Akimichi , Tsai Tsen‐Fang , Viguier Manuelle‐Anne , Li Ling , Thoma Christian , Sivalingam Mogana , Lebwohl Mark G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare inflammatory skin disease with a considerable clinical burden. In the Effisayil™ 1 study, spesolimab, an anti‐interleukin‐36 receptor monoclonal antibody, demonstrated efficacy in treating GPP flares.ObjectivesTo evaluate patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) of patients with GPP who were treated with intravenous (IV) spesolimab 900 mg in the Effisayil™ 1 study.MethodsFifty‐three patients presenting with a GPP flare were randomized (2:1) to receive a single dose of IV spesolimab 900 mg or placebo and were followed for 12 weeks. Four PROs (pain visual analogue scale [pain VAS]; Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue [FACIT–Fatigue]; Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI]; and Psoriasis Symptom Scale [PSS]) were assessed throughout the 12‐week study. Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) were defined. All data are reported descriptively.ResultsIn patients who received spesolimab, improvements from baseline (median [Q1, Q3]) were observed in pain VAS (−21.3 [−55.3, −3.1]), FACIT–Fatigue (7.0 [1.0, 20.0]), DLQI (−2.5 [−8.0, 1.0]) and PSS (−4.0 [−7.0, 0.0]) within 1 week of treatment. These improvements were sustained over 12 weeks and corresponded to the achievement of MCIDs at Week 1, which were also sustained over 12 weeks. Patients in the placebo arm experienced improvements in PROs and achievement of MCIDs after receipt of open‐label spesolimab at Week 1.ConclusionsPatients with a GPP flare treated with spesolimab achieved improvements in PROs by Week 1, which were sustained for 12 weeks, and achieved MCIDs as early as Week 1.
Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies of the interactions of sunset yellow and allura red with human serum albumin
Authors: Wang Jun , Cheng Jing‐jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBinding interactions of human serum albumin (HSA) with sunset yellow (SY) and allura red (AR), two food colorants, were investigated at the molecular level through fluorescence and UV absorption as well as molecular docking. The collective results of the study under the simulated physiological conditions proposed a static type of binding occurring between the two dyes and HSA. When compared with AR (293 K: Ksv = (4.21 ± 0.36) × 104 L·mol−1; Kb = (0.30 ± 0.23) × 106 L·mol−1), SY (293 K: Ksv = (6.80 ± 0.10) × 104 L·mol−1; Kb = (3.11 ± 2.01) × 106 L·mol−1) had stronger quenching ability and higher affinity for HSA due to less steric hindrance. It can be deduced that the energy transfer from HSA to the two dyes occurred with high probability based on the Förster resonance energy transfer theory (r < 7 nm, 0.5 R0 < r < 2.0 R0). The spectral analysis suggested that the formation of the dye‐HSA complex resulted in the change in microenvironment around Tyr and Trp residues and in the secondary structure of the protein. According to molecular docking simulation, the two structural analogs almost bound to the same site of HSA, near Sudlow's Site I, but significant difference existed in the number and location of hydrogen bond (H‐bond) formed between the dyes and HSA. From the molecular docking along with the thermodynamic parameters (AR: ΔHo = −(58.79 ± 15.24) kJ·mol−1, ΔSo = −(115.1 ± 31.10) J·mol−1·K−1; SY: ΔHo = −(52.24 ± 3.15) kJ·mol−1, ΔSo = −(50.07 ± 11.14) J·mol−1·K−1), it could be inferred that H‐bond and van der Waals forces were the major binding forces involved in formation of the dye‐HSA complexes.
Single‐inlet univentricular heart with persistent truncus arteriosus in a Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii)
Authors: Meister Seraina Luzia , Kaiponen Taina Susanna , Wyss Fabia , Wenker Christian , Balmelli Nicola , Roma Llorenç Grau 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUniventricular heart malformations are rarely described in the veterinary literature. This case report describes a single‐inlet univentricular heart with persistent truncus arteriosus as a cause of death of a captive‐bred, 2‐day‐old, female Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), a critically endangered species.
Adapting Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Depression to Improve Access and Appeal of Preventive Care
Authors: Tilden Ellen L. , Holmes Leah R. , Vasquez Guzman Cirila Estela , Orzech Catherine Polan , Seghete Kristen Mackiewicz , Eyo Veronica , Supahan Nisha , Rogers Ginger R. , Caughey Aaron B. , Starr David , DiPietro Jennifer L. , Fisher Philip A. , Graham Alice M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExisting and emerging evidence indicates that perinatal depression is a key contributor to preventable morbidity and mortality during and after childbearing. Despite this, there are few effective options for prevention and treatment that are readily accessible for and appealing to pregnant people. Aspects of routine health care systems contribute to this situation. Furthermore, societal and health care systems factors create additional barriers for people of color, people living in rural regions, and people living in poverty. Our interprofessional team of perinatal care providers, mental health providers, community partners, health services scientists, health equity scientists, and business leaders developed and are piloting a perinatal mental health preventive intervention designed to increase access and appeal of a program incorporating mindfulness cognitive behavioral therapy with proven efficacy in preventing perinatal depression. In this article, we briefly summarize key systems barriers to delivering preventive care for perinatal depression in standard prenatal care clinics. We then describe Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Depression and outline our adaptation of this intervention, Center M. Finally, we identify next steps, challenges, and opportunities for this recent innovation.
MicroRNA‐183‐5p regulates TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 neurotoxicity via SQSTM1/p62 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Kim Han‐Cheon , Zhang Yan , King Peter H. , Lu Liang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that selectively attacks motor neurons, and leads to progressive muscle weakness and death. A common pathological feature is the misfolding, aggregation, and cytoplasmic mislocalization of TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) proteins in more than 95% of ALS patients, suggesting a universal role TDP‐43 proteinopathy in ALS. Mutations in SQSTM1/p62 have been identified in familial and sporadic cases of ALS. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that post‐transcriptionally regulate their target genes. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNA dysregulation is associated with neuronal toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, and also plays a pivotal role in ALS pathogenesis. Here, we report the first evidence that miR‐183‐5p is aberrantly upregulated in spinal cords of patients with ALS. Using luciferase reporter assays and miR‐183‐5p agomirs, we demonstrate that miR‐183‐5p regulates the SQSTM1/p62 3′‐untranslated region to suppress expression. A miR‐183‐5p agomir attenuated SOSTM1/p62 expression and led to an increase in TDP‐43 protein levels in neuronal and non‐neuronal cells. In contrast, a miR‐183‐5p antagomir decreased TDP‐43 but increased SQSTM1/p62 protein levels. The antagomir repressed formation of stress granules and aggregated TDP43 protein in neuronal cells under stress‐induced conditions and protected against cytotoxicity. Knockdown of SQSTM1/p62 decreased total ubiquitination and increased TDP‐43 protein aggregation, indicating that SQSTM1/p62 may play a protective role in cells. In summary, our study reveals a novel mechanism of TDP‐43 proteinopathy mediated by the miR‐183‐5p and provides a molecular link between aberrant RNA processing and protein degradation, two major pillars in ALS pathogenesis.image
All is nice and well unless she outshines him: Higher social status benefits women's well‐being and relationship quality but not if they surpass their male partner
Authors: Vink Melissa , Derks Belle , Ellemers Naomi , van der Lippe Tanja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn two studies, we find that climbing the societal ladder has positive associations with women's well‐being and relationship outcomes but can also have negative consequences when women surpass their male partners in status. In Study 1 (N = 314), we found that women who reported having higher personal status also reported several positive relationship outcomes (e.g., higher relationship quality than women with lower personal status). However, these associations reversed for women who surpassed their partners in social status. In Study 2, a diary study (N = 112), we show how women's implicit endorsement of gender stereotypes qualifies the negative associations of surpassing one's partner in status. Among women with higher status than their partner, traditional women intend to adjust their behavior to fit the gender norm (e.g., thinking about reducing work hours in favor of their time at home), whereas egalitarian women did not, but felt guilty toward their partner. We show how the relationship dynamics of women who have surpassed their partners in social status should be considered when attempting to tackle structural discrimination and advance women's careers.