bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the cytotoxicity of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from Iraqi Prunus arabica on AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 human cancer cell lines
Authors: Mahmood Matin Adil , Abd Abdulkareem Hameed , Kadhim Enas Jawad 
Published: April 2023

Background: Breast and esophageal cancer are the most aggressive and prominent causes of death worldwide. In addition, these cancers showed resistance to current chemotherapy regimens with limited success rates and fatal outcomes. Recently many studies reported the significant cytotoxic effects of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from various Prunus species against different cancer cell lines. As a result, it has a good chance to be tested as a complement or replacement for standard chemotherapies. Methods: The study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from Iraqi Prunus arabica on breast (AMJ13) and esophageal (SK-GT-4) cancer cell lines by using the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide). Analysis using the Chou-Talalay method was performed to assess the synergistic effect between the extracted fractions and chemotherapeutic agent (docetaxel). Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was conducted for the quantitative determination of different bioactive molecules of both phenolic and terpene fractions in the extract. Results: According to the findings, the treatment modalities significantly decreased cancer cell viability of AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 and had insignificant cytotoxicity on the normal cells (normal human fibroblast cell line) (all less than 50% cytotoxicity). Analysis with Chou-Talalay showed a strong synergism with docetaxel on both cancer cell lines (higher cytotoxicity even in low concentrations) and failed to induce cytotoxicity on the normal cells. Important flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids were detected by HPLC, in particularly, ferulic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, β-sitosterol, and campesterol. Conclusions: In conclusion, the extracted fractions selectively inhibited the proliferation of both cancer cell lines and showed minimal cytotoxicity on normal cells. These fractions could be naturally derived drugs for treating breast and esophageal cancers.
The disproportionality of ethnic minority teachers in England: trends, patterns, and problems
Authors: Gorard Stephen , Chen Wenqing , Tan Yiyi , See Beng Huat , Gazmuri Carolina , Tereshchenko Antonina , Demie Feyisa , Siddiqui Nadia 
Published: April 2023

Background: England has an ethnically diverse population; reflected in the teacher workforce, and the student body in schools. However, it is not clear that these figures are in proportion to each other. This paper examines the ethnic profile of students and their teachers and considers their geographical distribution. Methods: This paper uses existing aggregated official publicly available datasets to describe the patterns and trends in the proportion of ethnic minority teachers compared to ethnic minority pupils in England 2015-2021. Data comes from the Department for Education (DfE), the University and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development (OECD/TALIS), and the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Results: Compared to the student intakes to schools, we found that there are more White British teachers than expected. This disproportion (where there are more White British teachers among teachers than there are White British pupils among pupils) is worse for promoted school leaders like deputies and headteachers than it is for classroom teachers. In London, due to the exceptional number of ethnic minority students, the disproportion (or mismatch) is worse in London than anywhere else. Areas with the fewest ethnic minority pupils (and teachers), like the North East, have the most proportionate workforce (in this limited sense). Conclusions: A student lacking any teachers of the same ethnic group might be treated differently at school, and there is some evidence that this might affect their attainment outcomes. The lack of ethnic diversity in some schools and areas, regardless of proportions, may impoverish the diversity of the whole school system. Several possible reasons for these patterns are noted in the paper, but it is clear that ethnic minority applicants to teacher training are less likely to be accepted, and less likely to obtain qualified teacher status or an eventual teaching post.
Introduction of the professional nurse advocate role using a quality implementation framework
Authors: Smythe Analisa , Flatt Claire , Mahachi Loraine , Whatley Vanessa 
Published: April 2023

Background: Implementation of the professional nurse advocate (PNA) role and the Advocating and Educating for QUality ImProvement model (A-EQUIP) in nursing is relatively new. The model aims to build personal and professional resilience, enhance the quality of care and support preparedness for appraisal and professional revalidation. Aim: To describe the implementation of the PNA role in a combined acute and community trust in England. Methods: A quality implementation framework was used to appraise and represent locally derived strategic activities for successful implementation of the role in an acute and community hospital in England. The content of this framework was derived from a synthesis of 25 implementation frameworks focusing on important elements understood to represent quality implementation. Findings: The article identifies strengths and weaknesses to implementation and ways to sustain early implementation success. Conclusion: Using a quality implementation framework can provide a clear path for the successful implementation of the professional nurse advocate role. Professional nurse advocates should be supported to develop a culture of effective supervision within their organisation.
Fasciola hepatica juveniles interact with the host fibrinolytic system as a potential early-stage invasion mechanism
Authors: Serrat Judit , Becerro-Recio David , Torres-Valle María , Simón Fernando , Valero María Adela , Bargues María Dolores , Mas-Coma Santiago , Siles-Lucas Mar , González-Miguel Javier 
Published: April 2023

Background
The trematode Fasciola hepatica is the most widespread causative agent of fasciolosis, a parasitic disease that mainly affects humans and ruminants worldwide. During F. hepatica infection, newly excysted juveniles (FhNEJ) emerge in the duodenum of the mammalian host and migrate towards their definitive location, the intra-hepatic biliary ducts. Understanding how F. hepatica traverses the intestinal wall and migrates towards the liver is pivotal for the development of more successful strategies against fasciolosis. The central enzyme of the mammalian fibrinolytic system is plasmin, a serine protease whose functions are exploited by a number of parasite species owing to its broad spectrum of substrates, including components of tissue extracellular matrices. The aim of the present work is to understand whether FhNEJ co-opt the functions of their host fibrinolytic system as a mechanism to facilitate trans-intestinal migration.

Methodology/Principal Findings
A tegument-enriched antigenic extract of FhNEJ (FhNEJ-Teg) was obtained in vitro, and its capability to bind the zymogen plasminogen (PLG) and enhance its conversion to the active protease, plasmin, were analyzed by a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent, chromogenic and immunofluorescence assays. Additionally, PLG-binding proteins in FhNEJ-Teg were identified by bidimensional electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry analysis, and the interactions were validated using FhNEJ recombinant proteins.

Conclusions/Significance
Our results show that FhNEJ-Teg contains proteins that bind PLG and stimulate its activation to plasmin, which could facilitate the traversal of the intestinal wall by FhNEJ and contribute to the successful establishment of the parasite within its mammalian host. Altogether, our findings contribute to a better understanding of host-parasite relationships during early fasciolosis and may be exploited from a pharmacological and/or immunological perspective for the development of treatment and control strategies against this global disease.
Experiences of family caregivers of people with spinal cord injury at the neurosurgical units of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Rumana Saeed , Boateng Edward Appiah , Amponsah Abigail Kusi , Kyei-Dompim Joana , Laari Timothy Tienbia 
Published: April 2023

Background
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leaves affected persons with a lifelong demand for care. As a result, the effect of the condition goes beyond the injured person to affect family members and significant others who have to adjust their lives to provide care and support. However, little is known about the experiences of these family caregivers regarding the care of people with SCI in Ghana. Exploring their experiences would enhance the understanding of family caregiving of people with SCI and contribute to policy intervention.

Methods
This qualitative descriptive phenomenology study used the purposive sampling method to select 10 family caregivers. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide through individual in-depth interviews. Written informed consent was obtained and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were manually analysed following Colaizzi’s method of data analysis.

Results
In all, 4 main themes emerged from the analysis of data (1) becoming a caregiver, (2) roles of the caregiver, (3) the burden of caregiving, and (4) coping strategies. The family caregivers provided vital assistance to their relatives with SCI and experienced physical and financial burdens as a result of the care. Due to the strains involved in the caregiving process, family caregivers adopted various strategies to cope with the situation.

Conclusion
This study has provided evidence of the lived experiences of family caregivers of people with SCI in the Ghanaian context and further supports the findings of previous studies. Measures including training, counselling, and instituting social support services for family caregivers should be considered by the management of healthcare institutions to enhance the experiences of family caregivers.
Inhibition of the PCR by genomic DNA
Authors: Latham Sue , Hughes Elizabeth , Budgen Bradley , Morley Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Aims
qPCR, is widely used for quantifying minimal residual disease (MRD) and is conventionally performed according to guidelines proposed by the EuroMRD consortium. However it often fails when quantifying MRD levels below 10−4. By contrast, HAT-PCR, a recent modification designed to minimise false-positive results, can quantify MRD down to 10−6.

Methods
The factors leading to failure of conventional qPCR to quantify low levels of MRD were studied by analysing PCR reagents, protocol and primers and by testing for inhibition by adding primers to a plasmid amplification system. Complementary primers, ending in either G/C or A/T, were used to determine the effect of the 3’ end of a primer.

Results
Inhibition of conventional PCR resulted from interaction of primers with genomic DNA leading to exponential amplification of nonspecific amplicons. It was observed with approximately half of the EuroMRD J primers tested. Inhibition by a primer was significantly related to primer Tm and G/C content and was absent when extension at the 3’ end was blocked. Nonspecificity and inhibition were decreased or abolished by increasing the annealing temperature and inhibition was decreased by increasing the concentration of polymerase. Primers terminating with G/C produced significantly more nonspecificity and inhibition than primers terminating with A/T. HAT-PCR produced minimal nonspecificity and no inhibition.

Conclusions
Inhibition of the PCR may result from the presence of genomic DNA and resultant exponential amplification of nonspecific amplicons. Factors contributing to the phenomenon include suboptimal annealing temperature, suboptimal primer design, and suboptimal polymerase concentration. Optimisation of these factors, as in HAT-PCR, enables sensitive quantification of MRD. PCR assays are increasingly used for sensitive detection of other rare targets against a background of genomic DNA and such assays may benefit from similar improvement in PCR design.
A single-dose, randomized crossover study in healthy Chinese subjects to evaluate pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two capsules of calcium dobesilate 0.5 g under fasting and fed conditions
Authors: Liu Yanmei , Cheng Jie , Liang Liyu , Qian Weigang , Ou Meixian , Zhang Mengqi , Wang Yijun , Wang Yan , Peng Ka , Jia Jingying 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
To compare the rate and extent of absorption of a launched generic calcium dobesilate capsule versus the branded reference formulation under fasting and fed conditions in healthy Chinese subjects, and to assess their bioequivalence and tolerability.

Methods
This single-dose, open-label, randomized-sequence, 2-period crossover bioequivalence study was conducted on healthy Chinese volunteers aged 18 to 45 years. Subjects received a single 0.5 g dose of calcium dobesilate capsule under fasting or fed conditions, with a 3-day washout period between doses of the test (T) and reference (R) formulations. Blood samples were collected before and up to 24 hours after administration. The plasma concentration of calcium dobesilate was determined by a validated Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Non-compartmental analysis was applied to identify the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. The primary PK parameters including the maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-t), and the AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-inf) were used for bioequivalence evaluation.

Results
The mean of PK parameters for T and R capsules under fasting (fed) condition were: Cmax, 13.57 (6.71) and 12.59 (7.25) μg/mL; AUC0-t, 97.32 (79.74) and 96.97 (80.71) h*μg/mL; AUC0-inf, 101.68 (88.01) and 101.64 (87.81) h*μg/mL. The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of GMRs under fasting (fed) condition were: Cmax, 97.91%-116.62% (88.63%-96.53%); AUC0-t, 97.15%-104.00% (96.58%-101.39%); and AUC0-inf, 97.19%-102.89% (98.67%-103.99%). These 90% CIs were all within the bioequivalence range of 80%-125%. All adverse events were mild.

Conclusion
In this study, the T calcium dobesilate 0.5 g capsule was bioequivalent to the reference product under both fasting and fed conditions. Taking food would slow down its rate and reduce its amount of absorption. Both formulations were generally well tolerated.
The Moving Image as Public Art: Sidewalk Spectators and Modes of Enchantment, Annie Dell’Aria (2021)
Authors: Madsen Jane 
Published: April 2023

Review of: The Moving Image as Public Art: Sidewalk Spectators and Modes of Enchantment, Annie Dell’Aria (2021)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 307 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03065-906-6, h/bk, £89.99, p/bk, £59.99
Genetic differentiation of Gracilaria changii and Gracilaria firma (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) based on chloroplast genome
Authors: Song Sze-Looi , Yong Hoi-Sen , Tan Teck-Toh , Lim Phaik-Eem , Phang Siew-Moi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Gracilariaceae are important in the biotechnology industry and microbiology research. Some Gracilaria species are difficult to identify morphologically and molecular phylogenetic data hold a key role in species level identification. In this study, the chloroplast genomes of G. changii and G. salicornia from the Peninsular Malaysia were sequenced to compare with the published taxa in order to gain a better understanding of the phylogenetic questions regarding the red algae, particularly G. changii and G. firma. Phylogenetic analysis for 66 plastid genes showed that G. changii from Malaysia formed a sister lineage with G. firma with a genetic distance of 0.43 %. However, there was a genetic distance of p = 4.32 % between the Malaysian and Philippine samples of G. changii, indicating they are genetically distinct. Five chloroplast genes (petF, rps12, rps14, rpl18 and petB) showed higher variation of genetic distance between Malaysian G. changii and G. firma (p = 1.23–2.00 %) and the intraspecific variation in G. salicornia from Peninsular Malaysia and Hawaii varies from p = 0–0.31 %. The lack of overlap between the intraspecific genetic distance of Malaysian G. changii and interspecific genetic distance of Malaysian G. changii-G. firma indicates that G. changii and G. firma are not conspecific.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of hematuria
Authors: Delanghe Joris , Speeckaert Marijn , Delanghe Sigurd , Oyaert Matthijs 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Detection of hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells in urine (hematuria) is characterized by a large number of pitfalls. Clinicians and laboratory specialists must be aware of these pitfalls since they often lead to medical overconsumption or incorrect diagnosis. Pre-analytical issues (use of vacuum tubes or urine tubes containing preservatives) can affect test results. In routine clinical laboratories, hematuria can be assayed using either chemical (test strips) or particle-counting techniques. In cases of doubtful results, Munchausen syndrome or adulteration of the urine specimen should be excluded. Pigmenturia (caused by the presence of dyes, urinary metabolites such as porphyrins and homogentisic acid, and certain drugs in the urine) can be easily confused with hematuria. The peroxidase activity (test strip) can be positively affected by the presence of non-Hb peroxidases (e.g. myoglobin, semen peroxidases, bacterial, and vegetable peroxidases). Urinary pH, haptoglobin concentration, and urine osmolality may affect specific peroxidase activity. The implementation of expert systems may be helpful in detecting preanalytical and analytical errors in the assessment of hematuria. Correcting for dilution using osmolality, density, or conductivity may be useful for heavily concentrated or diluted urine samples.
Potentials and pitfalls of ChatGPT and natural-language artificial intelligence models for the understanding of laboratory medicine test results. An assessment by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group on Artificial Intelligence (WG-AI)
Authors: Cadamuro Janne , Cabitza Federico , Debeljak Zeljko , De Bruyne Sander , Frans Glynis , Perez Salomon Martin , Ozdemir Habib , Tolios Alexander , Carobene Anna , Padoan Andrea 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
ChatGPT, a tool based on natural language processing (NLP), is on everyone’s mind, and several potential applications in healthcare have been already proposed. However, since the ability of this tool to interpret laboratory test results has not yet been tested, the EFLM Working group on Artificial Intelligence (WG-AI) has set itself the task of closing this gap with a systematic approach.

Methods
WG-AI members generated 10 simulated laboratory reports of common parameters, which were then passed to ChatGPT for interpretation, according to reference intervals (RI) and units, using an optimized prompt. The results were subsequently evaluated independently by all WG-AI members with respect to relevance, correctness, helpfulness and safety.

Results
ChatGPT recognized all laboratory tests, it could detect if they deviated from the RI and gave a test-by-test as well as an overall interpretation. The interpretations were rather superficial, not always correct, and, only in some cases, judged coherently. The magnitude of the deviation from the RI seldom plays a role in the interpretation of laboratory tests, and artificial intelligence (AI) did not make any meaningful suggestion regarding follow-up diagnostics or further procedures in general.

Conclusions
ChatGPT in its current form, being not specifically trained on medical data or laboratory data in particular, may only be considered a tool capable of interpreting a laboratory report on a test-by-test basis at best, but not on the interpretation of an overall diagnostic picture. Future generations of similar AIs with medical ground truth training data might surely revolutionize current processes in healthcare, despite this implementation is not ready yet.
Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Wawrzyniak Natalia , Gramza-Michałowska Anna , Suliburska Joanna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The homeostasis of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) is disturbed during menopause. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Ca-enriched pumpkin on Fe status in ovariectomized rats. A total of 48 female Wistar rats were divided into six groups. One group was fed a standard diet (C), while the other five groups were ovariectomized and fed a standard diet (OVX), a calcium lactate diet (CaL_OVX), calcium lactate-enriched pumpkin (PCaL_OVX), calcium lactate and alendronate (CaL_OVX_B), and calcium lactate-enriched pumpkin and alendronate (PCaL_OVX_B), respectively. The nutritional intervention lasted 12 weeks and rats were euthanized. Tissue samples were collected, and the iron content in the samples was assessed. A comparison of all groups showed a reduction in iron concentrations in femurs, liver, hair, spleen, and kidneys in the ovariectomized groups than in the control group. The PCaL_OVX_B group had a significantly higher blood hemoglobin concentration than the control group. Moreover, spleen and liver Fe concentrations were the highest in PCaL_OVX and PCaL_OVX_B rats among the treated groups and were comparable with the control group. These results indicate that ovariectomy decreases Fe status in rats. Calcium lactate-enriched pumpkin with and without alendronate can increase Fe concentration in liver and spleen in ovariectomized rats.
A simple pedagogical limiting reactant kitchenette experiment including a simple algorithm
Authors: Omari Khaled W. , Mandumpal Jestin B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Limiting reactants is a crucial factor in any reaction. Students found it a tricky topic. The current study has intended to conduct a kitchenette experiment, in which a student will follow the instructional procedure to determine a limiting reactant in a self-learning process. The study has adopted an experimental approach. A program was developed in C++ as an efficient tool to determine the limiting reactant. The major outcomes drawn from the study have enlightened the significance of a balanced equation in obtaining the correct molar ratio. It has also been noted that molar ratio similarity in a particular balanced equation can wrongly lead to an erroneous assumption.