bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An examination of the quality of kidney stone information on YouTube and TikTok
Authors: Augustyn Zuzanna , Richards Helen L , McGrath Alice , Swanton Yvonne , Hennessey Derek B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Social media is increasingly consulted by patients for health-related information. The quality of this information is unknown and unregulated. This study aimed to investigate the quality of kidney stones information on two popular video platforms, YouTube and TikTok, and examine factors related to its quality. A search using keywords of “kidney stones” alongside “information, prevention, treatment” was used across YouTube and TikTok. The top 50 videos on each platform were rated by 4 independent reviewers on: general information, epidemiology, symptoms/presentation, treatment, and prevention. The American Urological Association’s kidney stone curriculum was utilised as the benchmark for quality. The total number of views across the 100 videos was over 46 million. Overall, 91% of videos were educational in terms of genre. Misinformation was present in 34% of TikTok and 2% of YouTube videos. YouTube received significantly higher quality ratings across all parameters bar prevention (z’s>-4.79 p’s < 0.001); however, less than 50% of YouTube videos were rated as good quality. There was no association between quality and the number of likes or views across platforms (p’s > 0.3). The quality of information presented across platforms was very variable with over half of videos considered poor quality. Given the high usage of social media as a source of health information it is important that healthcare providers and the general public are aware of the limits of information available on both platforms and continued efforts are made to develop high quality videos suitable for patient consumption.
Exploring correlations between gut mycobiome and lymphocytes in melanoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy
Authors: Szóstak Natalia , Budnik Michał , Tomela Katarzyna , Handschuh Luiza , Samelak-Czajka Anna , Pietrzak Bernadeta , Schmidt Marcin , Kaczmarek Mariusz , Galus Łukasz , Mackiewicz Jacek , Mackiewicz Andrzej , Kozlowski Piotr , Philips Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research has shown that the microbiome can influence how the immune system responds to melanoma cells, affecting the course of the disease and the outcome of the therapy. Here, we used the metagenomic approach and flow cytometry analyses of blood cells to discover correlations between gut fungi of metastatic melanoma patients enrolled in anti-PD-1 therapy and lymphocytes in their blood.
We analyzed the patterns of associations before the first administration of anti-PD-1 therapy (BT, n = 61) and in the third month of the therapy (T3, n = 37), allowing us to track changes during treatment. To understand the possible impact of gut fungi on the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy, we analyzed the associations in clinical beneficiaries (CB, n = 37) and non-beneficiaries (NB, n = 24), as well as responders (R, n = 28) and non-responders (NR, n = 33).
Patients with LDH < 338 units/L, overall survival (OS) > 12, CB, as well as R, had lower levels of Shannon diversity (p = 0.02, p = 0.05, p = 0.05, and p = 0.03, respectively). We found that the correlation pattern between intestinal fungi and lymphocytes was specific to the type of response, positive or negative. When comparing CB and NB groups, correlations with opposite directions were detected for C. albicans, suggesting a response-specific immune reaction. For CB, M. restricta exhibited a set of correlations with different types of lymphocytes, with prevalent positive correlations, suggesting a robust immune response in the CB group. This result extends our former research, where M. restricta and C. albicans were associated with an increased risk of melanoma progression and a poorer response to anti-PD-1 treatment.
CDX2 and SATB2 loss are associated with myeloid cell infiltration and poor survival in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sirniö Päivi , Elomaa Hanna , Tuomisto Anne , Äijälä Ville K. , Karjalainen Henna , Kastinen Meeri , Tapiainen Vilja V. , Sirkiä Onni , Ahtiainen Maarit , Helminen Olli , Wirta Erkki-Ville , Rintala Jukka , Meriläinen Sanna , Saarnio Juha , Rautio Tero , Seppälä Toni T. , Böhm Jan , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Mäkinen Markus J. , Väyrynen Juha P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) are transcription factors playing important roles in intestinal homeostasis and participating in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. In colorectal cancer (CRC), reduced expression levels of CDX2 and SATB2 have been associated with poor differentiation and worse survival. However, their prognostic significance still needs further clarification, and the associations between CDX2 and SATB2 and immune cell infiltration into the CRC microenvironment are largely unknown.

Methods
We analyzed CDX2 and SATB2 expression in two large cohorts of stages I–IV CRC patients (N = 2302) and analyzed their associations with clinicopathologic parameters, the density of local immune cells (determined with three multiplex immunohistochemistry panels and conventional immunohistochemistry), and survival.

Results
In mismatch repair-proficient tumors, reduced CDX2 and SATB2 expression were associated with higher densities of immature monocytic cells, macrophages, and M2-like macrophages. Low expression of CDX2 was associated with shorter cancer-specific survival independent of conventional prognostic parameters in both cohorts. In the larger cohort, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for negative (vs. high) CDX2 expression was 3.62 (95% CI 2.08–6.31, p
trend < 0.0001), and adjusted HR for negative (vs. high) SATB2 level was 1.61 (95% CI 0.97–2.67, p
trend = 0.002).

Conclusion
This study indicates that reduced CDX2 and SATB2 expression levels are associated with myeloid cell infiltration in the CRC microenvironment and represent markers for poor outcome. These findings highlight the potential of CDX2 and SATB2 as biomarkers for classifying CRC patients and support their role in regulating the tumor microenvironment.
Determinants of good or excellent work ability in a branch of the dutch military
Authors: Stegerhoek Pablo M. , van der Zande Jesse , IJzerman Herman , Verhagen Evert A. L. M. , Motazedi Ehsan , Bolling Caroline , Kuijer P. Paul F. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The Royal Netherlands Marechaussee, a branch of the Dutch Military, is characterised by a diverse range of mentally and physically demanding occupational tasks. The employability of the personnel depends on the balance between occupational demands and personal resources, which can be measured through the work ability score. Therefore, this study investigates personal and work-related determinants of work ability in a branch of the Dutch Military.

Methods
We gathered cross-sectional data through a survey distributed among all operational Royal Netherlands Marechaussee personnel (n: 7,658). We used binomial logistic regression analysis to estimate the relationship between determinants in four domains (i.e., personal, workload, work characteristics, and work experience) and the dichotomised work ability scores (poor to moderate vs. good to excellent).

Results
The survey had a 20% response rate with 1538 respondents. Our study included a slightly higher percentage of reservists and civilians than the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee’s workforce. Forty per cent of participants rated their work ability as poor or moderate. Good or excellent work ability was related to older age (> 50 years compared to < 29 years), lower physical workload, no shift work, less fatigue, more autonomy, task clarity, and social support.

Conclusions
We found that 40% of survey respondents rated their work ability as low or moderate. In the future, factors like shift work, autonomy, task clarity, and social support may be used to improve work ability in this population.
Effect of Elevation Training Mask on Swallowing Function in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Nachalon Yuval , Shpunt Dina , Zait Anat , Oestreicher-Kedem Yael , Hayat Liav , Ashkenazi Yarden , Nativ-Zeltzer Nogah , Belafsky Peter C. , Maayan Eshed Gadi , Gurevich Tanya , Manor Yael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To evaluate the impact of the elevation training mask (ETM) on swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PWP) when used as a respiratory muscle strengthening tool. Study Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Tertiary university-affiliated medical center. Thirteen PWP underwent Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing and spirometry assessments both before and after a 4-week ETM use, which included incrementally increasing resistance each week. Measurements taken included EAT-10, swallowing disturbances questionnaire (SDQ), Penetration Aspiration Score (PAS), Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF). Disease severity was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Eleven out of 13 male participants (median age 70 years, UPDRS 33, disease duration 8.5 years) completed the 4-week protocol (84.6% completion rate). Vallecular residue significantly decreased for solids (median from 3.0 [IQR: 2.0–3.0] to 2.0 [IQR: 1.0–2.0], p = 0.028) and semi-solids (from 3.0 [IQR: 2.0–4.0] to 2.0 [IQR: 1.0–3.0], p = 0.025), with a non-significant improvement for liquids (from 2.0 [IQR: 2.0–2.0] to 2.0 [IQR: 1.0–2.0], p = 0.19). Patient-reported outcomes (EAT-10, SDQ, VHI-10, RSI) and PEF showed non-significant trends toward improvement. A 4-week use of ETM, serving as a form of respiratory muscle strengthening, demonstrated specific improvements in vallecular residue for semi-solid and solid consistencies in PWP with dysphagia. While other swallowing and respiratory measures showed positive trends, these changes did not reach statistical significance. Further research with a larger cohort is needed to evaluate ETM’s role in swallowing rehabilitation.
Comparison of early versus late rescue stenting after failed thrombectomy for intracranial atherosclerosis-related large vessel occlusion
Authors: Lee In-Hyoung , Ha Sung-Kon , Lim Dong-Jun , Choi Jong-Il 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The optimal timing for rescue stenting (RS) following failed thrombectomy in patients with underlying intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS)-related large vessel occlusion (LVO) remains unknown. We aimed to determine this by comparing the angiographic and clinical outcomes of early and late RS.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent stent-retriever thrombectomy for ICAS-related LVO. Per-pass analysis was performed to assess recanalization rates after each retrieval in all patients. Patients were classified into early and late groups based on the number of stent retrievals before RS (early: 1 or 2 attempts; late: ≥ 3 attempts). Angiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between these two groups.

Results
Among 126 patients with ICAS-related LVO, 257 retrievals were evaluated. Successful and complete recanalization rates were highest on the first attempt and significantly decreased between the second and third passes. Overall, 56 patients underwent RS, of which 27 and 29 were classified into the early and late RS groups, respectively. The early RS group had shorter procedure times (45 min vs. 70 min, p < 0.001) and higher rates of favorable outcomes (85.2% vs. 55.2%, p = 0.014) than the late RS group. Intact stent patency rates were also higher in the early RS group than in the late RS group (88.0% vs. 65.4%, p = 0.059). Multivariate analysis identified early RS (OR, 7.187; 95% CI, 1.385–37.306; p = 0.019) and stent patency (OR, 7.291; 95% CI, 1.288–41.277; p = 0.025) as significant factors influencing favorable outcomes.

Conclusion
RS should be performed at an early stage after failed thrombectomy for ICAS-related LVO.
Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue: in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: de Brito Júnior Anildo Alves , Crugeira Pedro Jorge Louro , Barbosa Andressa Vollono , Costa Wellington Luis Reis , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , de Oliveira Susana Carla Pires Sampaio , de Mello Amanda Inês Vieira , Pinheiro Antônio Luiz Barbosa , Azevedo Juliana Monteiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The efficiency of antibiotics in terms of their bacterial inhibition is well known. However, studies show that its overuse, underuse, and misuse induce antimicrobial resistance, promoting the need to work with alternative methods. In this sense, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising selective method demonstrating excellent response. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial action promoted in Staphylococcus aureus using 1,9 dimethyl methylene blue dye (DMMB) combined with red LED (λ 630 ± 20 nm, CW, 125 mW, 12 J/ cm², 192 s) in planktonic culture and rats skin wounds contaminated with staphylococcal bacteria. The experimental in vitro and in vivo groups were Control, LED, DMMB, and LED + DMMB; after aPDT, the triplicate samples for each dilution were incubated for 24 h, and the number of bacteria was determined by counting the colony-forming units, and the logarithm (CFU/mL log). Based on in vitro data obtained, the LED + DMMB group, when compared to the Control, showed a reduction in microbial load of 99.943% (p < 0.0001), with decimal reduction (RD = 3). Whereas in vivo results, the same comparing groups demonstrated a reduction in microbial load, reaching 99.994% (RD = 4). In this research, the aPDT was a unique treatment, and it is possible to repeat it to obtain higher microbial reduction, providing an alternative therapeutic that can be clinically validated to combat infections caused by S. aureus.
Topic classification of case law using a large language model and a new taxonomy for UK law: AI insights into summary judgment
Authors: Sargeant Holli , Izzidien Ahmed , Steffek Felix 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper addresses a critical gap in legal analytics by developing and applying a novel taxonomy for topic classification of summary judgment cases in the United Kingdom. Using a curated dataset of summary judgment cases, we use the Large Language Model Claude 3 Opus to explore functional topics and trends. We find that Claude 3 Opus correctly classified the topic with an accuracy of 87.13% and an F1 score of 0.87. The analysis reveals distinct patterns in the application of summary judgments across various legal domains. As case law in the United Kingdom is not originally labelled with keywords or a topic filtering option, the findings not only refine our understanding of the thematic underpinnings of summary judgments but also illustrate the potential of combining traditional and AI-driven approaches in legal classification. Therefore, this paper provides a new and general taxonomy for UK law. The implications of this work serve as a foundation for further research and policy discussions in the field of judicial administration and computational legal research methodologies.
A simplified loss-based procedure for seismic risk mitigation at a territorial scale
Authors: Gusella Federico , Bartoli Gianni , Pintucchi Barbara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The socio-economic and political impact of recent earthquakes proved the urgent need to develop a comprehensive methodology for creating earthquake scenarios and conducting risk analysis focusing on European buildings. Referring to the structural typologies identified by the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98), an easy procedure to identify the expected annual loss and the target of retrofitting interventions for reducing the seismic risk is developed, with the goal of promoting an analysis at territorial level. The procedure, based on the Loss-Based Earthquake Engineering, can serve as a tool for policymakers in planning future mitigation policies and assessing the effectiveness of implemented measures. Initially, a framework to identify the fragility curves for all building typologies, as classified in EMS-98, is proposed. In the second step, the expected annual loss is estimated through a simplified formulation. Finally, a closed-form equation is developed to identify recommended retrofitting interventions to achieve a target risk class. To promote the use of the procedure and prove its accuracy, it has been applied to several typological structures, and results have been compared with those derived by literature approaches. The proposed method is confirmed to be easily applicable and more accurate in economically quantifying the seismic loss, considering the period of vibration of the structure and the soil category. The use of the procedure is recommended to practitioners for a preliminary evaluation of the costs and benefits of structural interventions in large-scale planning.
Divine Religions Algorithm: a novel social-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for engineering and continuous optimization problems
Authors: Mozhdehi Ali Toufanzadeh , Khodadadi Nima , Aboutalebi Mohaddeseh , El-kenawy El-Sayed M. , Hussien Abdelazim G. , Zhao Weiguo , Nadimi-Shahraki Mohammad H. , Mirjalili Seyedali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Classical optimization methods struggle with complex, NP-hard real-world problems. To overcome these challenges, researchers have explored approximate methods inspired by natural behavioral patterns. One prominent branch of these metaheuristic methods draws from human behaviors observed in politics, sports, and social interactions. This study introduces a novel optimization technique, the Divine Religions Algorithm (DRA), which employs an evolutionary socio-economic approach inspired by religious societies. The algorithm models interactions among followers, missionaries, and leaders, organizing followers into religious and political schools. Agents such as promotion, miracles, substitution, and reward-penalty mechanisms, along with an elitism-based search, enhance follower beliefs. The DRA’s performance is benchmarked against seven popular metaheuristic techniques: Sine-Cosine Algorithm, Tunicate Swarm Algorithm, Moth-flame Optimization, Gray Wolf Optimization, Whale Optimization Algorithm, Fire Hawk Optimization, and Smell Agent Optimization. We evaluate the DRA using twenty-three standard benchmarks, considering key indicators such as accuracy, convergence, efficiency, and cost. Additionally, five real-world optimization problems are employed to demonstrate the DRA’s superiority in handling constrained engineering problems.The results indicate that the DRA significantly outperforms other methods, delivering superior outcomes across multiple aspects, proving its efficacy in solving complex optimization problems. The source codes of the DRA algorithm are publicly available at https://nimakhodadadi.com/algorithms-%2B-codes.
Intrusion detection in smart grids using artificial intelligence-based ensemble modelling
Authors: Alsirhani Amjad , Tariq Noshina , Humayun Mamoona , Naif Alwakid Ghadah , Sanaullah Hassan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For efficient distribution of electric power, the demand for Smart Grids (SGs) has dramatically increased in recent times. However, in SGs, a safe environment against cyber threats is also a concern. This paper proposes a novel Fog-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) framework for SG Networks. It uses Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)-based ensemble models to enhance the accuracy of detecting intrusions in SG networks. This work has two main goals, which include addressing class imbalance in network intrusion detection datasets and building interpretable models for targeted security interventions. It is achieved by using ensemble modeling, such as Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) for ML-based ensemble, while the DL ensembles consist of aggregated neural network models trained using TensorFlow. The paper assess their effectiveness in identifying malicious activities in the SG network traffic. The present study utilizes a large dataset that was custom-designed for SG intrusion detection. Most of the previous studies explored different ML techniques using a single dataset; however, the performance improvement by ensemble modeling has not been explored intensively. Therefore, this paper bridges this research gap by suggesting a novel ML-based ensemble model for intrusion detection using two datasets: CIC-IDS-Collection and a specifically designed Power System Intrusion dataset. This study has made benchmark results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble models for intrusion detection in SGs. Results demonstrated better accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Scores for the proposed ensemble models over the two datasets. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Scores for the proposed Ensemble model 1 for the CIC-IDS Collection dataset are 98.57%, 98.75%, 99.00%, and 98.25% and for the Power System dataset they are 98.75%, 99.05%, 99.20%, and 99.10%, respectively. Similarly, for the proposed Ensemble model 2 for the CIC-IDS Collection dataset, we have 98.84%, 99.00%, 99.00%, and 99.00% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score values. For the Power System dataset, these values are 99.05%, 99.30%, 99.25%, and 99.27% for the mentioned parameters.
The Evaluation of Potential Usage of Ti4N3Tx MXene as Interface Layer Catalyst of Bipolar Membrane
Authors: Çelik Aytekin , Aksoy Yunus , Hanay Özge , Halisdemir Umay , Hasar Halil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Modifications to the membrane and interface layer are crucial for enhancing bipolar membrane (BPM) performance. This study investigates the potential use of Ti₄N₃Tx in the BPM interface layer. Ti₄N₃Tₓ was synthesized from the Ti₄AlN₃ MAX phase via salt melting, and its successful synthesis was confirmed through X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle analyses. Incorporating Ti4N3Tx significantly increased BPM hydrophilicity. The water uptake capacity of BPM-1/PS (without Ti₄N₃Tₓ) and BPM-3/PS (containing 0.4 wt% Ti₄N₃Tₓ in polymer suspensions) was 10% and 17%, respectively. The Young’s modulus of BPM-1/PS was 634 MPa, whereas BPM-2/PS (with 0.2 wt% Ti₄N₃Tₓ in polymer suspension) exhibited 963 MPa, enhancing BPM stability. However, increasing the MXene content raised electrical resistance from 0.26 Ω·cm2 (BPM-1/PS) to 2.00 Ω·cm2. Compared to conventional BPM interface materials, such as metal oxides and carbon-based nanomaterials, Ti₄N₃Tₓ MXene offers a unique combination of tunable hydrophilicity, mechanical reinforcement, and surface charge modulation, providing an alternative strategy for optimizing BPM performance. These findings suggest that MXene-modified BPMs are promising for electrochemical water splitting, electrodialysis, and redox flow batteries, as well as wastewater treatment and energy storage applications.