bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of circulating insulin using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry during insulin glargine treatment in type 2 diabetes: Implications for estimating insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function
Authors: Seegmiller Jesse C. , Schmit David J. , Arends Valerie L. , Steffes Michael W. , Kahn Steven E. , Younes Naji ,   the GRADE Research Group
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the potential impact of the cross‐reactivity of insulin glargine U‐100 and its metabolites on insulin sensitivity and β‐cell measures in people with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsUsing liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), we measured concentrations of endogenous insulin, glargine and its two metabolites (M1 and M2) in fasting and oral glucose tolerance test‐stimulated plasma from 19 participants and fasting specimens from another 97 participants 12 months after randomization to receive the insulin glargine. The last dose of glargine was administered before 10:00 PM the night before testing. Insulin was also measured on these specimens using an immunoassay. We used fasting specimens to calculate insulin sensitivity (Homeostatic Model Assessment 2 [HOMA2]‐S%; QUICKI index; PREDIM index) and β‐cell function (HOMA2‐B%). Using specimens following glucose ingestion, we calculated insulin sensitivity (Matsuda ISI[comp] index) and β‐cell response (insulinogenic index [IGI], and total incremental insulin response [iAUC] insulin/glucose).ResultsIn plasma, glargine was metabolized to form the M1 and M2 metabolites that were quantifiable by LC–MS; however, the analogue and its metabolites cross‐reacted by less than 100% in the insulin immunoassay. This incomplete cross‐reactivity resulted in a systematic bias of fasting‐based measures. By contrast, because M1 and M2 did not change following glucose ingestion, a bias was not observed for IGI and iAUC insulin/glucose.ConclusionsDespite glargine metabolites being detected in the insulin immunoassay, dynamic insulin responses can be used to assess β‐cell responsiveness. However, given the cross‐reactivity of the glargine metabolites in the insulin immunoassay, fasting‐based measures of insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function are biased.
Preventive practices and parents' psychological health of children with disabilities after COVID‐19 lockdown in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Anam , Nauman Muhammad , Maqbool Shazia 
Published: March 2023

AimTo find out differences in mental health outcomes between parents of children with different disabilities due to COVID‐19 by determining the relationship between preventive practices, fear and stress in parents of disabled children.MethodsA sample of 213 parents, whose children with disabilities (age range 1–16 years) were previously on regular follow‐up before pandemic but did not take therapy for 1 year or more during COVID‐19 lockdown and resumed sessions after a gap period, was surveyed. Perceived stress scale, fear and adherence to preventive measures questionnaire (developed by researchers) were used to measure stress, fear response of parents due to COVID‐19 and preventive measures practiced by disabled children respectively.ResultsParents who had financial difficulties and believed their disabled children had more chance of getting COVID‐19 were more stressed. Parents who received any help from community/government were less stressed. One‐way analysis of variance showed parents of cerebral palsy (CP) children reported more stress of COVID‐19 as compared to parents of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID). Parents of ID children reported more stress than ASD. Parents of CP children had more fear of loss of family members or getting infected with COVID‐19 than GDD parents. ASD, GDD and CP children adhered more to preventive measures than ID children; however, CP children adhered more to preventive measures than GDD children.ConclusionCOVID‐19 lockdown has persisting impact on mental health of parents of disabled children. Those parents experienced increased levels of stress and fear but reported adherence to preventive measures depending on the child's disability.
A Computational Study Evaluating the Effects of Diffuser Length and Pullback Distance on the Ablation Zone During Laser Ablation Treatment of Liver Cancer
Authors: Tan Zhi Q. , Ooi Ean H. , Ooi Ean T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although laser ablation is not commonly used for liver cancer treatment, there are several benefits that make it an appealing alternative. Nevertheless, investigations on the efficacy of laser ablation for liver cancer have been limited to few clinical trials. Therefore, not much is known regarding the efficacy of the technique especially when operating under different protocols and device parameters. In this study, we performed a numerical study to investigate the effects of diffuser length, power density, and the pullback technique on the coagulation zone formation during laser ablation of spherical liver cancer. The objective is to demarcate the influence of diffuser length from power density and to compare their performance to that when pullback is implemented. Four diffuser lengths (10, 15, 20, and 25 mm), and three pullback distances (5, 10, and 15 mm), were considered. Results showed that laser power density is a factor that limits the coagulation zone size when the diffuser length increases. A longer diffuser must be accompanied by an increase in laser power to achieve the desired treatment outcome. The pullback technique increases the effective diffuser length, but the coagulation volume obtained was smaller than that of a longer diffuser at the same power density. This suggests that increasing both the diffuser length and laser power is better at increasing the coagulation zone than the pullback technique. To obtain coagulation zone that is sufficiently large to cover the entire tumor, careful selection of the diffuser length, power density, and pullback distance is critical.
Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (Nitro-PAH) Signatures and Somatic Mutations in Diesel Exhaust-Exposed Bladder Tumors
Authors: Gonzalez Nicole , Rao Nina , Dean Michael , Lee Donghyuk , Hurson Amber N. , Baris Dalsu , Schwenn Molly , Johnson Alison , Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila , Friesen Melissa C. , Zhu Bin , Rothman Nathaniel , Silverman Debra T. , Koutros Stella 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitrated PAHs (nitro-PAH), many of which are potent mutagens and possible bladder carcinogens. To explore the association between diesel exposure and bladder carcinogenesis, we examined the relationship between exposure and somatic mutations and mutational signatures in bladder tumors.

Methods:
Targeted sequencing was conducted in bladder tumors from the New England Bladder Cancer Study. Using data on 797 cases and 1,418 controls, two-stage polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate etiologic heterogeneity between bladder cancer subtypes and quantitative, lifetime estimates of respirable elemental carbon (REC), a surrogate for diesel exposure. Poisson regression was used to evaluate associations between REC and mutational signatures.

Results:
We observed significant heterogeneity in the diesel-bladder cancer risk relationship, with a strong positive association among cases with high-grade, nonmuscle invasive TP53-mutated tumors compared with controls [ORTop Tertile vs.Unexposed, 4.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2–10.5; Ptrend &lt; 0.001; Pheterogeneity = 0.002]. In muscle-invasive tumors, we observed a positive association between diesel exposure and the nitro-PAH signatures of 1,6-dintropyrene (RR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.28–2.92) and 3-nitrobenzoic acid (RR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.33–2.92).

Conclusions:
The relationship between diesel exhaust and bladder cancer was heterogeneous based on the presence of TP53 mutations in tumors, further supporting the link between PAH exposure and TP53 mutations in carcinogenesis. Future studies that can identify nitro-PAH signatures in exposed tumors are warranted to add human data supporting the link between diesel and bladder cancer.

Impact:
This study provides additional insight into the etiology and possible mechanisms related to diesel exhaust-induced bladder cancer.
Contribuições da psicologia para a reabilitação de doentes com dor músculo-esquelética
Authors: Portnoi Andréa G. 
Published: March 2023

As emoções e os valores simbólicos individuais influenciam a magnitude das sensações dolorosas. A análise das estratégiasde enfrentamento, das características psicocomportamentais dos doentes, e de seus familiares e cuidadores e das característicasde seus ambientes possibilita o estabelecimento de programas de reabilitação psicodinâmicas, comportamentais, cognitivo comportamentais e psicoeducativos que muito podem contribuir para a melhora daqueles que padecem com dor.
Dor pelviperineal
Authors: Yeng Lin Tchia , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Ungaretti Junior Arthur , Kaziyama Helena H. , Boguchwal Betty 
Published: March 2023

Dor pelviperineal crônica é condição comum especialmente nos indivíduos do sexo feminino. Muito freqüentemente,anormalidades viscerais eventualmente identificadas aos exames complementares não justificam a sua ocorrência. Em grande número de enfermos, afecções músculo-esqueleticas, especialmente as síndromes dolorosas miofasciais do assoalho pélvico e da parede abdominal e neuropatias são a razão da ocorrência de dor pelviperineal crônica. O tratamento da dor pélvica crônica visa à remoção das causas possíveis e ao controle funcional da condição sintomática. Medicamentos analgésicos e adjuvantes, procedimentos de medicina física e de psicoterapia são freqüentemente indicados no tratamento das álgicas crônicas pelviperineais. As intervenções neuroanestésicas e neurocirúrgicas são indicadas em casos especiais.
Relating CYP2B6 genotype and efavirenz resistance among post-partum women living with HIV with high viremia in Uganda: a nested cross-sectional study
Authors: Buzibye Allan , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Olagunju Adeniyi , Twinomuhwezi Ellon , Yiannoutsos Constantin , Owen Andrew , Neary Megan , Matovu Joshua , Banturaki Grace , Castelnuovo Barbara , Lamorde Mohammed , Khoo Saye , Waitt Catriona , Kiragga Agnes 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
We investigated the association between CYP2B6 polymorphisms and efavirenz drug resistance among women living with HIV who started on antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and with high viremia during post-partum.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of women with viral loads greater than 1000 copies/ml who were at least 6 weeks postpartum. Sanger sequencing was used to detect resistant mutations, as well as host genotyping, and efavirenz resistance was compared among the metabolizer genotypes.

Results
Over the course of one year (July 2017-July 2018), 322 women were screened, with 110 (34.2%) having viral loads of 1000 copies/ml and 62 having whole blood available for genotyping. Fifty-nine of these women had both viral resistance and human host genotypic results. Efavirenz resistance according to metabolizer genotype was; 47% in slow, 34% in extensive and 28% in intermediate metabolizers, but the difference was not statistically significant due to the small sample size.

Conclusions
There was no statistically significant difference in EFV resistance between EFV metabolizer genotypes in women who started antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and had high viremia in the postpartum period. However, a numerical trend was discovered, which calls for confirmation in a large, well-designed, statistically powered study.
No evidence of oligoclonal bands, intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis and B cell recruitment in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Laichinger Kornelia , Bombach Paula , Dünschede Jutta , Ruschil Christoph , Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Dubois Evelyn , Poli Sven , Feil Katharina , Ziemann Ulf , Kowarik Markus , Mengel Annerose 
Published: March 2023

Background
Within the past 10 years, immune mechanisms associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have been brought into focus, but data on B cell activation and intrathecal Ig production is still scarce. In this study, we determined the prevalence of an elevated IgG index, positive oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as markers of intrathecal IgG synthesis and B cell activation in patients with AIS.

Methods
In a retrospective study we analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 212 patients with AIS from December 2013 to May 2018 assessing intrathecal Ig synthesis, OCBs and CXCL13 concentrations.

Results
Overall, 5.7% (12/212) of AIS patients showed an intrathecal IgG synthesis, 0.5% (1/212) with isolated elevated IgG index, 5.2% (7/136) isolated positive OCBs and 2.9% (4/136) both elevated IgG index and positive OCBs. CXCL13 levels were elevated in 3.6% (3/83) of the patients. Approximately one third of these patients had simultaneously chronic inflammatory CNS disease (multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, neurosarcoidosis). There was no significant association between CSF findings and stroke characteristics including vascular territory, localization, volume, etiology, acute treatment, or blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Intrathecal IgG synthesis was more common in patients with prior stroke. Longitudinal CSF analysis did not reveal any newly-occurring, but instead mostly persistent or even disappearing intrathecal IgG synthesis after AIS.

Conclusions
We found no evidence of a relevant B cell recruitment and intrathecal IgG synthesis in patients with AIS. In fact, the occurrence of intrathecal IgG synthesis was associated with concurrent chronic inflammatory CNS disease or previous stroke. Consequently, in patients with first-ever AIS and intrathecal IgG synthesis, physicians should search for concomitant inflammatory CNS disease.
Molecular confirmation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 coinfections among initially serologically dually-reactive samples from patients living in West Africa
Authors: Tchounga Boris K. , Bertine Mélanie , Damond Florence , Ferré Valentine Marie , Inwoley André , Boni Simon P. , Moisan Alice , Plantier Jean-Christophe , Descamps Diane , Ekouevi Didier K. , Charpentier Charlotte 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
This study aimed to confirm the co-infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2, among West African patients using in-house HIV type/group enzyme-immuno assays and molecular diagnosis.

Design
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 2016 to October 2017 in the biggest HIV clinics of Côte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso.

Method
A first serological confirmation was done in the referral laboratory using an in-house, indirect immuno-enzymatic essay allowing the qualitative detection of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. In order to separately detect anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 antibodies, a type/group specific enzyme-immuno assay (HIV-GSEIA) was used. To confirm the co-infections, HIV-1 and HIV-2 DNA-qualitative PCR assays were performed.

Results
A total of 91 patients were enrolled in the study and provided blood sample for HIV type confirmatory testing including 13 (14.3%) HIV-2 mono-reactive and 78 (85.7%) HIV-1/HIV-2 dually-reactive based on the HIV testing National Algorithms. The first serological ELISA confirmatory test performed showed that 80 (78.9%) of the 91 participants were dually-reactive. The HIV-GSEIA performed on these 80 serum samples retrieve one 61 HIV-1/HIV-2 dually-reactive samples. HIV-1 and HIV-2 DNA PCR were performed on 54 of the 61 HIV-1/HIV-2 dually-reactive samples and 46 out of 61 (75.4%) samples were found HIV-1/HIV-2 coinfected.

Conclusion
The contribution of type/group specific enzyme-immuno assay to accurately identify HIV-1/HIV-2 coinfections remain suboptimal, emphasizing the need for molecular diagnosis platforms in West Africa, to avail HIV DNA PCR test for the confirmation of HIV-1/HIV-2 co-infections.
Risk factor of elevated matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene expression in synovial fluid in knee osteoarthritis women
Authors: Sulastri Delmi , Arnadi Arnadi , Afriwardi Afriwardi , Desmawati Desmawati , Amir Arni , Irawati Nuzulia , Yanis Amel , Yusrawati Yusrawati 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Metalloproteinases-3 (MMP3) are the main enzymes involved in cartilage degradation. Several genetic and non-genetic factors can increase the expression of MMP3 in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with the expression of the MMP3 gene rs679620 fluid synovial knee OA patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the orthopedic polyclinic Arifin Achmad Riau Province and Ibn Sina Hospital in Pekanbaru City. Ninety women who experienced knee OA were taken as samples by consecutive sampling and then signed the informed consent. Data were obtained through interviews using a questionnaire about characteristics, followed by weight and height measurements. Interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) were examined from the synovial fluid using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The Metalloproteinases-3 (MMP3) gene polymorphism rs679620 was obtained from the DNA analysis of joint fluid results in the Biomedical Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University. The data was processed computerized and then analyzed using the correlation Spearman-Rank, and chi-square tests. The results of statistical analysis are considered significant if the p-value is 0.05.

Results
The MMP3 rs679620 gene polymorphism of the mutant type was 88.9%, with the same proportion of AG and GG alleles (44.4%). Subjects aged ≥ 60 years were 53.3%, 85.6% did not work and 84.4% had menopause. The highest degree of OA was grade 2 (53.3%), most of whom had a risky nutritional status (84.4%). The median expression of the MMP3 rs679620 gene was 5.28 copies number. There is a significant relationship between MMP3 gene polymorphism rs679620, age, IL-1β, and TNF-α with MMP3 gene expression rs679620. There is no significant relationship between BMI, work status, and menopausal status with MMP3 gene expression rs679620. Conclusion. MMP3 gene polymorphism rs679620, age, levels of IL-1β and TNF-α are risk factors for increased MMP3 gene rs679620 expression in female knee OA.
Implicit Runge–Kutta Schemes for Optimal Control Problems with Evolution Equations
Authors: Flaig Thomas G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the use of implicit Runge–Kutta schemes for the time discretization
of optimal control problems with evolution equations.
The specialty of the considered discretizations is that
the discretizations schemes for the state and adjoint state are chosen
such that discretization and optimization commute.
It is well known that for Runge–Kutta schemes with this property additional order conditions are necessary.
We give sufficient conditions for which class of schemes these additional order condition are automatically fulfilled.
The focus is especially on implicit Runge–Kutta schemes of
Gauss, Radau IA, Radau IIA, Lobatto IIIA, Lobatto IIIB and Lobatto IIIC collocation type up to order six.
Furthermore, we also use a SDIRK (singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta) method to demonstrate, that for general implicit Runge–Kutta methods the additional order conditions are not automatically fulfilled.
Numerical examples illustrate the predicted convergence rates.
The investigation of the physical properties of an electrical porcelain insulator manufactured from locally sourced materials
Authors: Eunice Ekpunobi Uche , Abraham Onuigbo Uzochukwu , Tabugbo Ifeyinwa , Amalu Emma , Ihueze Christopher , Onu Caius , Igbokwe Philomena , Ekpunobi Azubike , Agbo Sunday , Obiora-Ilouno Happiness 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The work aims to evaluate the effect of temperature and composition on the physical properties of ceramic electrical porcelain insulators, produced from locally sourced materials in Nigeria. The basic raw materials of triaxial porcelain (Kaolin, feldspar, and quartz) were pulverized, milled for 22 h, and sieved using a 200 μm mesh size. The chemical composition and characterization of the raw materials were obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The mixtures were formulated using sodium silicate as a deflocculant to help produce the ceramic porcelain samples. The green samples were weighed and fired at temperatures of 1200 °C and 1250 °C. The samples were subjected to 1 h of boiling plus 2 h of soaking. The slip casting technique was used in the production of porcelain insulators. The linear shrinkage, water absorbance, apparent porosity, and bulk density were measured and studied as a function of firing temperature. The apparent porosity and water absorption decreased as the firing temperature increased. The bulk density increased gradually from 1200 °C to 1250 °C and the percentage of moisture remained fairly unaffected by the temperature increase. The linear shrinkage was also found to increase as the firing temperature increased. Despite having the same composition, the average physical properties of the locally manufactured insulators revealed that those manufactured at higher temperatures provided a better insulating effect than those manufactured at lower temperatures. In other words, it shows that excellent ceramic porcelain insulators can be manufactured from locally sourced materials using the appropriate composition and firing temperature.
Управління людськими ресурсами державної служби України в умовах діджиталізації
Authors: Гончарук Наталія , Прудиус Олексій 
Published: March 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню сучасної системи управління управління людськими ресурсами державної служби України в умовах діджиталізації. Розкрито сутність поняття «діджиталізація управління людськими ресурсами» та встановлено, що питання діджиталізації управління людськими ресурсами державної служби потребує додаткового дослідження з урахуванням сучасних трендів і може передбачати: застосування інтегрованих мобільних додатків й автоматизацію HR процесів; цифрову інтеграцію з хмарними системами; HR-аналітику та Big Data; застосування VR-технологій та штучного інтелекту. Досліджено основні процеси у сфері діджиталізації управління людськими ресурсами державної служби, а саме: переведення HR-процесів в електронний вигляд – створення HELP DESK для кандидатів, Career.gov.ua, Career-бот, інтеграція порталу вакансій державної служби Career.gov.ua з Work.ua та Robota.ua; забезпечення належних умов для професійного розвитку державних службовців та посадових осіб місцевого самоврядування (запущено Портал управління знаннями), посилення інституційної спроможності НАДС, впровадження «Інформаційної системи управління людськими ресурсами та заробітної плати (HRMIS)». Акцентовано увагу на необхідності розвивати цифрову компетентність державним службовцям та HR-менеджерам. Обгрунтовано, що діджиталізація управління людськими ресурсами державної служби через впровадження цифрових технологій та автоматизацію процесів управління персоналом, впровадження міжнародних трендів цифровізації HR є необхідним інструментом підвищення якості державної служби, її результативності та ефективності, а також, що для подальшої діджиталізації управління людськими ресурсами державної служби слід врахувати такі міжнародні тенденції та практики розвитку HR: HR-автоматизація, HR-аналітика, HR-маркетинг, SMARTрекрутинг та електроне навчання. Визначено основні шляхи впровадження цифрових технологій в управління персоналом для його трансформації у HR державної служби.
Multi-agent simulation of pedestrian activity in historic district
Authors: Zixin Liang , Várady Géza , Zagorácz Márk Balázs 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMulti-agent simulation has received a lot of attention in recent years as an emerging design method. To improve the accuracy of the simulation results, the authors provide an optimization scheme that combines multi-agent simulation and visibility graph analysis. Investigate how to improve forecasting accuracy through model optimization.