bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Nae Umeed group intervention improve mental health and social participation? A pre–post study in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Bailie Christopher R. , Pillai Pooja S. , Goodwin Singh Atul , Leishman Jed , Grills Nathan J. , Mathias Kaaren 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There are few evidence-based interventions to support caregiver mental health developed for low- and middle-income countries. Nae Umeed is a community-based group intervention developed with collaboratively with local community health workers in Uttarakhand, India primarily to promote mental wellbeing for caregivers and others. This pre–post study aimed to evaluate whether Nae Umeed improved mental health and social participation for people with mental distress, including caregivers. The intervention consisted of 14 structured group sessions facilitated by community health workers. Among 115 adult participants, 20% were caregivers and 80% were people with disability and other vulnerable community members; 62% had no formal education and 92% were female. Substantial and statistically significant improvements occurred in validated psychometric measures for mental health (12-Item General Health Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and social participation (Participation Scale). Improvements occurred regardless of caregiver status. This intervention addressed mental health and social participation for marginalised groups that are typically without access to formal mental health care and findings suggest Nae Umeed improved mental health and social participation; however, a controlled community trial would be required to prove causation. Community-based group interventions are a promising approach to improving the mental health of vulnerable groups in South Asia.
Concurrent wasting and stunting among marginalised children in Sana’a city, Yemen: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Taj Mansour Abdu , Al Serouri Abdulwahed , Al-Muradi Anwar Mahmoud , Al-Dharhani EzzAldeen , Al-faeq Nada Nabil , Al-amodi Fatima Mohammed , Abdulwahab Muaadh Mohammed , Nawfal Ali Mujahed , Alshemerry Manal Haza'a , Mujahed Monia Abdullah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConcurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt) is a serious form of malnutrition among young children, particularly vulnerable groups affected by the conflict. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of WaSt among vulnerable children is important to develop effective intervention measures to reduce the burden of WaSt. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for WaSt among marginalised children aged 6–59 months in Sana’a city, Yemen. A community-based cross-sectional design was conducted on a total sample size of 450 marginalised children aged 6–59 months who lived at home with their mothers. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed and the prevalence of WaSt was found to be 10⋅7 %. Children aged 24–59 months were protected from WaSt (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0⋅40, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0⋅21, 0⋅75). A higher prevalence of WaSt was associated with male sex (AOR 2⋅31, 95 % CI 1⋅13, 4⋅71), no history of being breastfed (AOR 3⋅57, 95 % CI 1⋅23, 10⋅39), acute diarrhoea (AOR 2⋅12, 95 % CI 1⋅12, 4⋅02) and family income sources of assistance from others (AOR 2⋅74, 95 % CI 1⋅08, 6⋅93) or salary work (AOR 2⋅22, 95 % CI 1⋅10, 4⋅47). Continued breast- and bottle-feeding were not associated with WaSt in children aged 6–23 months. Mothers’ age, education and work status, family size and drinking water source were not associated with WaSt. Overall, we found that the prevalence of WaSt among marginalised children remained high. Interventions to improve household income, hygienic conditions and child feeding practices are necessary to promote child growth.
The genetics of neuroticism: Insights from the Maudsley rat model and human studies
Authors: Blizard David A. , Adams Nelson , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We examine some of the genetic features of neuroticism (N) taking as an animal model the Maudsley Reactive (MR) and Maudsley Nonreactive (MNR) rat strains which were selectively bred, respectively, for high and low open-field defecation (OFD) starting in the late 1950s. To draw analogies with human genetic studies, we explore the genetic correlation of N with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We review progress with the rat model and developments in the field of human complex trait genetics, including genetic association studies that relate to current understanding of the genetics of N. The widespread differences in the tone of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system that have been found between the Maudsley strains, particularly those observed in the colon, may underly the differences in OFD (MNR, higher sympathetic tone and zero defecation). In humans, a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported six genes contributing to IBS, four of which were implicated in mood and anxiety disorders or were expressed in the brain, with three of the four also expressed in the nerve fibers and ganglia of the gut. Heritability of N is estimated at around 50% in twin and family studies, and GWASs identified hundreds of loci, enabling estimation of genome-wide correlations (rg) with other traits. Significantly, the estimate for rg between risk of IBS, anxiety, N, and depression was >0.5 and suggested genetic pleiotropy without evidence for causal mechanisms. Findings on the adrenergic pharmacology of the colon, coupled with new understanding of the role of the locus ceruleus in modifying afferent information from this organ, generate hypotheses that challenge traditional cause/effect notions about the relationship of the central nervous system to peripheral events in response to stress, suggest specific targets for gene action in the Maudsley model and emphasize the value of reciprocal evaluation of genetic architecture underlying N in rodents and humans.
Art–science collaborations: Generators of new ideas and serendipitous events
Authors: Segal Liat , Meroz Yasmine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An increasing number of collaborative projects between artists and scientists raises the question regarding their value, particularly when considering the redirection of resources. Here we provide a personal account of our collaborative efforts, as an artist and a scientist. We propose that one of the most significant outcomes is something that cannot be planned for in advance: serendipitous events. Such events lead to fresh perspectives and imaginative ideas, the fairy dust underlying many great works of art and science. The unexpected nature of these desired outcomes requires from us a leap of faith on the one hand, and a deep trust in our ‘partner in crime’ on the other.
Laimydorus zehsaziani n. sp., a new member of the genus from northwest of Iran, with additional data on Labronema vulvapapillatum (Meyl, 1954) Loof & Grootaert, 1981 (Dorylaimida: Dorylaimidae)
Authors: Zahedi Asl E. , Niknam G. , Vazifeh N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A new species belonging to the genus Laimydorus, and a known species of the genus Labronema, collected from the rhizosphere of grassland plants in West Azarbaijan province, Iran, are presented. The new species is characterized by its body length (1.56–1.81 mm in females and 1.39–1.57 mm in males), lip region offset by weak constriction and wider than adjacent body (11–14 μm), odontostyle 17–20 μm long, neck length 312–434 μm, vulva longitudinal (V = 42.2–46.5), uterus well-developed and with Z-differentiations, tail long (219–237 μm, c = 6.9–8.3, c´ = 8.2–10) in females, short and convex-conoid with blunt terminus (19–22 μm, c = 68–72.5, c´= 0.77–0.84) in males, spicules 40–45 μm long, and 18–20 contiguous ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Molecular analyses, using Bayesian inference based on D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA (LSU), placed the new species in a clade comprising representatives of the genera Nevadanema, Dorylaimus, Labronema, Calcaridorylaimus, Mesodorylaimus, and Prodorylaimus, which all belong to Dorylaimidae. In addition, new data (molecular, morphometrics, images, and geographic distribution) are presented for the Iranian population of Labronema vulvapapillatum.
Biogeographic patterns of distribution of the molluscZelentia ninel(Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae)
Authors: Broms Fredrik , Bakken Torkild , Martynov Alexander , Korshunova Tatiana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present contribution we report, for the first time, records of the nudibranchZelentia ninelfrom Norway. The species is previously known only from the Barents Sea coast in northern Russia where it was described for the first time in 2017. Records ofZ. ninelfrom six different localities in northern Norway from 2019–2023 are presented and discussed. The identity of the specimens was determined by investigation of external and internal morphology as well as molecular analysis of preserved specimens. Photographs of live specimens and radulae of preserved specimens are presented, and species delimitation is confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis. In order to assess the biogeographic distribution ofZ. ninelbased on all available information, recent unanticipated genetic data supporting a putative occurrence ofZ. ninelat the Aleutian Islands, Alaska is also discussed where we provide arguments in support of occasional anthropogenic transportation outside its natural range. The present records significantly expand the known natural range of distribution forZ. nineland demonstrate that the species is not restricted to the Russian Barents Sea coast but that the range encompasses also at least northern Norway. These data can provide important insights to the understanding of natural ranges of marine invertebrates across biogeographical regions affected by rapid ongoing climatic change.
The impact of COVID on end-of-life planning views, social connection, and quality of life for low-income, older adults: A qualitative study
Authors: Kimpel Christine Cleary , Lauderdale Jana , Schlundt David , Dietrich Mary S. , Ratcliff Amy C. , Maxwell Cathy A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesLow-income, older adults are less likely than those with high income to participate in advance care planning (ACP); however, the pandemic may have influenced their views. The aim of this report was to explore the perceptions of COVID-19 related to everyday life and ACP.MethodsWe embedded ACP behavior inequities within the Social Ecological Model to highlight the importance of considering social inequities within an environmental context. Using a qualitative descriptive design, twenty individual interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis consisted of multiple rounds of independent and iterative coding by 2 coders that resulted in a hierarchically organized coding system. Final themes emerged through the inductive consideration of the transcript data and the deductive contribution of our theoretical framework.ResultsThree major themes emerged: social connection, quality of life, and end-of-life planning views. COVID-19 had not changed ACP views, i.e., those with existing ACP maintained it and those without ACP still avoided planning.Significance of resultsLow-income, older adults experienced lower social connection and quality of life during COVID-19 but did not express changes to ACP views. Our findings of the loss of regular social practices and mental health struggles may have competed with participants’ perception that this crisis had little, if any, effect on ACP. While clinicians should monitor low-income, older adults for ACP barriers during COVID-19, policymakers should prioritize ACP at the systems level. We plan to use participatory research methods to explore for the minimal ACP impact, focusing on barriers to ACP opportunities.
Energy Surplus and an Atmosphere‐Land‐Surface “Tug of War” Control Future Evapotranspiration
Authors: Xu Donghui , Ivanov Valeriy Y. , Agee Elizabeth , Wang Jingfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe 21st century evapotranspiration (ET) trends over the continental U.S. are assessed using innovative, energy‐based principles. Annual ET is projected to increase with high confidence at the rate of 20 mm for every 1℃ of rise in near‐surface air temperature, or 0.45 or 0.98 mm/year/year, depending on the emission scenario. The ET trajectory is dominated (58%) by the increase of land‐surface net radiative energy. An enhancement of the fraction of energy taken up by ET becomes a more important controller (53%) in late 21st century, under the high emission scenario. This increase is explained by the “tug of war” between atmospheric vapor demand and land‐surface ability to supply water. An assessment of future water availability (precipitation minus ET) shows no significant changes at the continental scale. This outcome nevertheless hides strong spatial variability, emphasizing the role of ET in shaping the distribution of water availability among human populations.
Evidence and Controls of the Acceleration of the Hydrological Cycle Over Land
Authors: Wang Y. , Meili N. , Fatichi S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInvestigating modifications in the hydrological cycle is essential to understand the impacts of climate change on ecosystems. This study assesses the change in the velocity of the water cycle over land at the global scale, whereas previous studies have mostly focused on changes in the atmospheric water cycle. The hydrological acceleration is quantified by a decrease in average residence time (RT) of water in the first meter of soil. The soil water RT is shown to be sensitive to the soil texture and seasonality of hydroclimatic variables. Despite substantial local variability, most of the RTs are in the range of 50–300 days. The global mean soil water RT declined at a rate of −2.30 and −0.36 days decade−1 (−1.6 to 1.0 days decade−1 the range of nine models) from 2001 to 2020 as measured by reanalysis and CMIP6 simulations for the historical scenario, respectively, which corresponds to −6.8 and −1.1 days °C−1 when expressed per degree of global warming over land. This acceleration is projected to continue at a rate of −1.35 days decade−1 (−3.4 to 0.0 days decade−1 the range of nine models) or −2.2 days °C−1 during the period 2015–2100 under the most extreme emission scenario: SSP 585. Changes in precipitation dominantly drive the acceleration of the terrestrial water cycle compared to changes in evapotranspiration. Rising temperatures and increasing carbon dioxide have opposite effects on the speed of the terrestrial water cycle with compensatory roles keeping RT relatively unchanged in the absence of PR trends.
The Effect of Tropical Pacific Air‐Sea Coupling on the Rainfall Response to Quadrupled CO2 Forcing
Authors: Hsu Tien‐Yiao , Magnusdottir Gudrun , Primeau Francois 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe perform quadrupled CO2 climate simulations with the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) to study how air‐sea coupling affects the response of tropical rainfall under global warming. We use a hierarchy of ocean models to separate the effects of seasonal mixed‐layer entrainment, wind‐driven Ekman flows directed perpendicular to the wind, and the near‐equator frictional flows directed in the same direction as the wind. We show that the Pacific Ocean's enhanced equatorial warming pattern (EEW) and equatorward ITCZ contraction observed in previous climate simulations emerge when the ocean model includes wind‐driven Ekman and frictional flows. Furthermore, the near‐equator frictional flow contributes more than half of the heat convergence in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Finally, we show that although Ekman flow and near‐equator frictional flow can both result in EEW, their coupled interactions with the Hadley circulation lead to opposite feedbacks on EEW's strength.
The Flow of the Yangtze River Inverted From a Continuous Global Navigation Satellite System Station
Authors: Zou Rong , Chen Chao , Cao Jiaming , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe runoff change in a large river is significant for hydrological event monitoring, such as floods and droughts. In this paper, we attempt to invert the river flow change based on the surface displacements observed by the continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River (WYR). We establish a two‐dimensional model accounting for deformation from a line load in an elastic half‐space to estimate the annual water load change from the GNSS data. The results show that the inverted line load from the annual maximum displacement change observed by the GNSS is , which is in good agreement with the river load from the hydrological station. This paper demonstrates a low‐cost and practical method to river flow research in local areas, which is also a creative application for the GNSS.
Scaling Microseismic Cloud Shape During Hydraulic Stimulation Using In Situ Stress and Permeability
Authors: Mukuhira Y. , Yang M. , Ishibashi T. , Okamoto K. , Moriya H. , Kumano Y. , Asanuma H. , Shapiro S. A. , Rubinstein J. L. , Ito T. , Yan K. , Zuo Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractForecasting microseismic cloud shape as a proxy of stimulated rock volume may improve the design of an energy extraction system. The microseismic cloud created during hydraulic stimulation of geothermal reservoirs is known empirically to extend in the general direction of the maximum principal stress. However, this empirical relationship is often inconsistent with reported results, and the cloud growth process remains poorly understood. This study investigates microseismic cloud growth using data obtained from a hydraulic stimulation project in Basel, Switzerland, and explores its correlation with measured in situ stress. We applied principal component analysis to a time series of microseismicity for macroscopic characterization of microseismic cloud growth in two‐ and three‐dimensional space. The microseismic cloud, in addition to extending in the general direction of maximum principal stress, expanded in the direction of intermediate principal stress. The orientation of the least microseismic cloud growth was stable and almost identical to the minimum principal stress direction. Further, microseismic cloud shape ratios showed good agreement when compared with in situ stress magnitude ratios. The permeability tensor estimated from microseismicity also provided a good correlation in terms of direction and magnitude with the microseismic cloud growth. We show that in situ stress plays a dominant role by controlling the permeability of each existing fracture in the reservoir fracture system. Consequently, microseismic cloud growth can be scaled by in situ stress as a first‐order approximation if there is sufficient variation in the orientation of existing faults.
Roman aqueduct maintenance in the water supply system of Divona, France
Authors: Sürmelihindi Gül , Passchier Cees W. , Rigal Didier , Wilson Andrew , Spötl Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCarbonate deposits formed in Roman aqueducts provide a window onto the environment and water management in antiquity. These laminated archives precipitated over a period of decades to centuries and are a potential high-resolution source of unwritten history. However, their use as environmental archives is hampered by local and partial removal during maintenance work in some aqueducts. This apparent problem, however, creates a unique opportunity to study Roman water management. We present the discovery of traces of regular maintenance in carbonate deposits of the Roman aqueduct of Divona (Cahors, France). The main objective of this study is to determine the periodicity of local carbonate removal and repairs in this aqueduct. Traces such as tool marks, calcite deformation twins, debris from cleaning and repairs are attested in the deposits as proof of periodic manual carbonate removal by Roman maintenance teams. The δ18O profile, recording at least 88 years of deposition, shows that maintenance work was done at intervals of 1–5 years. The undisturbed periodicity of the δ18O profile indicates that work was carried out rapidly and never in summer, consonant with the advice of the Roman author Frontinus about maintenance of the aqueducts of the city of Rome. Maintenance intervals lengthened and cleaning became less frequent close to the final years of the aqueduct. This change in maintenance policy gives insight into changing local population and socio-economic dynamics in late antiquity.
Species-specific metabolites mediate host selection and larval recruitment of the symbiotic seastar shrimp
Authors: Lourtie Alexia , Eeckhaut Igor , Mallefet Jérôme , Savarino Philippe , Isorez Mathilde , Mussoi Lisa , Bischoff Hugo , Delroisse Jérôme , Hédouin Laetitia , Gerbaux Pascal , Caulier Guillaume 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn marine environments, host selection, defining how symbiotic organisms recognize and interact with their hosts, is often mediated by olfactory communication. Although adult symbionts may select their hosts detecting chemosensory cues, no information is available concerning the recruitment of symbiotic larvae which is a crucial step to sustain symbioses over generations. This study investigates the olfactory recognition of seastar hosts by adult Zenopontoniasoror shrimps and the recruitment of their larvae. We examine the semiochemicals that influence host selection using chemical extractions, behavioural experiments in olfactometers, and mass spectrometry analyses. After describing the symbiotic population and the embryonic development of shrimps, our results demonstrate that asterosaponins, which are traditionally considered as chemical defences in seastars, are species-specific and play a role in attracting the symbiotic shrimps. Adult shrimps were found to be attracted only by their original host species Culcitanovaeguineae, while larvae were attracted by different species of seastars. This study provides the first chemical identification of an olfactory cue used by larvae of symbiotic organisms to locate their host for recruitment. These findings highlight the importance of chemical communication in the mediation of symbiotic associations, which has broader significant implications for understanding the ecological dynamics of marine ecosystems.
Left-sided valvular heart disease and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide registry-based study
Authors: Dejby Ellen , Bhatt Deepak L. , Skoglund Kristofer , Rawshani Aidin , Omerovic Elmir , Redfors Björn , Myredal Anna , Petursson Petur , Angerås Oskar , Gustafsson Arvid , Isaksén Daniella , Herlitz Johan , Rawshani Araz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSurvival in left-sided valvular heart disease (VHD; aortic stenosis [AS], aortic regurgitation [AR], mitral stenosis [MS], mitral regurgitation [MR]) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is unknown. We studied all cases of OHCA in the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. All degrees of VHD, diagnosed prior to OHCA, were included. Association between VHD and survival was studied using logistic regression, gradient boosting and Cox regression. We studied time to cardiac arrest, comorbidities, survival, and cerebral performance category (CPC) score. We included 55,615 patients; 1948 with AS (3,5%), 384 AR (0,7%), 17 MS (0,03%), and 704 with MR (1,3%). Patients with MS were not described due to low case number. Time from VHD diagnosis to cardiac arrest was 3.7 years in AS, 4.5 years in AR and 4.1 years in MR. ROSC occurred in 28% with AS, 33% with AR, 36% with MR and 35% without VHD. Survival at 30 days was 5.2%, 10.4%, 9.2%, 11.4% in AS, AR, MR and without VHD, respectively. There were no survivors in people with AS presenting with asystole or PEA. CPC scores did not differ in those with VHD compared with no VHD. Odds ratio (OR) for MR and AR showed no difference in survival, while AS displayed OR 0.58 (95% CI 0.46–0.72), vs no VHD. AS is associated with halved survival in OHCA, while AR and MR do not affect survival. Survivors with AS have neurological outcomes comparable to patients without VHD.