bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of p53/p63/p73 and Myc expressions during embryogenesis of the sea urchin
Authors: Grant Blaine , Sundaram Buitrago Paola Alejandra , Mercado Beatriz C. , Yajima Mamiko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome marine invertebrate organisms are considered not to develop tumors due to unknown mechanisms. To gain an initial insight into how tumor‐related genes may be expressed and function during marine invertebrate development, we here leverage sea urchin embryos as a model system and characterize the expressions of Myc and p53/p63/p73 which are reported to function synergistically in mammalian models as an oncogene and tumor suppressor, respectively.ResultsDuring sea urchin embryogenesis, a combo gene of p53/p63/p73 is found to be maternally loaded and decrease after fertilization both in transcript and protein, while Myc transcript and protein are zygotically expressed. p53/p63/p73 and Myc proteins are observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of every blastomere, respectively, throughout embryogenesis. Both p53/p63/p73 and Myc overexpression results in compromised development with increased DNA damage after the blastula stage. p53/p63/p73 increases the expression of parp1, a DNA repair/cell death marker gene, and suppresses endomesoderm gene expressions. In contrast, Myc does not alter the expression of specification genes or oncogenes yet induces disorganized morphology.Conclusionsp53/p63/p73 appears to be important for controlling cell differentiation, while Myc induces disorganized morphology yet not through conventional oncogene regulations or apoptotic pathways during embryogenesis of the sea urchin.
Latitudinal and elevational variation in the reproductive biology of house wrens, Troglodytes aedon
Authors: Levin Rachel N. , Correa Stephanie M. , Freund Kate A. , Fuxjager Matthew J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile cross‐species comparisons of birds suggest that as latitude decreases or elevation increases, clutch size decreases and the duration of developmental stages and parental attentiveness increases, studies comparing populations of the same species are rare. We studied populations of house wrens, Troglodytes aedon, at high and low elevations in California and Costa Rica, collecting data on clutch size, the duration of incubation and nestling periods, parental attentiveness, nestling growth rate, and nesting success. Our data support results from cross‐species comparisons, but also revealed unanticipated results from low elevation temperate zone house wrens in the southwest. This population had prolonged incubation and nestling periods similar to those found in the tropics. We also found that temperate zone females, especially those at our higher elevation site, spent more of their day incubating than did tropical females. Nest temperature at our high elevation temperate zone site was higher than that at all other tropical sites. Age at fledging did not differ between sites. Total feeding rates per chick and male feedings per chick did not vary between sites. Nest success rates showed the predicted effect of latitude, but not the predicted effects of elevation. Our results extend low elevation house wren research into the southwestern US and contribute the first intraspecific elevational comparison in the Neotropics. Data from our low elevation southwestern site present a unique suite of life history traits that align more with tropical house wrens, although with a larger clutch size, and point to food limitation and/or high predation pressure as being possible drivers of some of these differences. These results highlight the need for additional studies of house wrens and other broadly distributed species at a more diverse array of sites to better understand which forces drive the evolution of different life history strategies across major biogeographical gradients.
Impact of interbasin transfer hydroelectric project on downstream aquatic habitat
Authors: Devi Dipsikha , Sarma Arup Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe recent surge of anthropogenic activities like damming is causing a severe threat to the aquatic ecosystem. A scope of minimizing the degradation of biota exists by modifying the dam operation policy. This can be achieved by releasing a minimum environmental flow (EF), which further requires more scientific investigations. The present study investigated the impact of an interbasin transfer hydropower dam on the downstream habitat of an endangered fish species, Tor putitora, using an adaptive modelling framework. The framework consists of coupling a reservoir operation and a hydrodynamic model. This study analyses the scope of releasing different EFs from a hydropower dam to meet the environmental flow requirement (EFR) at downstream with satisfactory power production efficiency. The EFR was estimated using flow duration curve and Tennant's method. A lean period inflow hydrograph was incorporated into the model with a series of alternate EFs. Two scenarios were explored, with 4 and 6 h of peaking hours, along with the three cases of different initial reservoir storage. The total usable area over the river reach of the mentioned fish species was evaluated from the flow parameters simulated by the hydrodynamic component of the model. The power production efficiencies and area utilization rates were assessed in all these cases to prepare an easy‐to‐use decision support tool in a tabular form depicting the possible states of EF. The generalized methodology adopted in this analysis will help the decision‐makers quantify EF to be released from the dam within an acceptable power generation efficiency.
Incidental versus symptomatic nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: Are they different?
Authors: Guerreiro Vanessa , Mendonça Fernando , Urbano Ferreira Helena , Freitas Paula , Pereira Josué , Bernardes Irene , Pinheiro Jorge , Guimarães Tiago , Carvalho Davide 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) constitute one of the most common tumours in the sellar region and are often discovered only when associated with compressive symptoms. With the frequent use of brain imaging, there has been an increase in the prevalence of incidentally discovered NFPAs.AimWe aim to determine the prevalence of incidental diagnosis with NPAs observed over a decade and compare the analytical, clinical and treatment differences between those who were diagnosed either incidentally or symptomatically. We also intend to evaluate the pathology differences between both groups.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed patients aged ≥18 years with an apparent NFPA, defined as a pituitary lesion compatible with pituitary adenoma which is not associated with the clinical or biochemical evidence of a hormone‐secreting tumour. Inclusion criteria included normal prolactin level for lesions <9 mm or a prolactin level <100 ng/mL for lesions ≥10 mm in maximal tumour diameter.ResultsWe included 119 patients [53.8% males; mean age: 56.8 years (SD = 16.7)]. Diagnosis was incidental in 47.1% of patients, and many patients had unappreciated signs and symptoms of pituitary disease. In the symptomatic and incidental groups, 66.7% and 41.1% of patients had hypopituitarism, respectively (p = .005). Only 20.4% of patients incidentally diagnosed had microadenoma (p = .060). Hypopituitarism was present in 18.8% of those patients with microadenomas. Most tumours were macroadenomas (87.4%). Half of those patients diagnosed incidentally were submitted to surgery, compared with 75.8% of those who were diagnosed symptomatically (p = .004).ConclusionsNonfunctioning pituitary adenomas are commonly diagnosed incidentally, with many manifesting symptoms on examination. NFPAs incidentally diagnosed are more commonly macroadenomas and less frequently associated with hypopituitarism than symptomatic. Accordingly, if there was a greater level of knowledge and more suspicion about these pathologies, it might be possible to discover them earlier.
A feasibility study of several 3D printing methods for applications in epilepsy surgery
Authors: Subei Mhd Omar , Kumar Ishaan , Kapuria Abhi , Ayvaz Bilal , Vestal Matthew , Bobbert Chip , Zafar Muhammad Shahzad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the process of three‐dimensional printing in epilepsy surgery using three different methods: low‐force stereolithography (SLA), filament deposition modeling (FDM), and Polyjet Stratasys, while comparing them in terms of printing efficiency, cost, and clinical utility. MRI and CT images of patient anatomy have been limited to review in the two‐dimensional plane, which provides only partial representation of intricate intracranial structures. There has been growing interest in 3D printing of physical models of this complex anatomy to be used as an educational tool and for surgical visualization. One specific application is in epilepsy surgery where there are challenges in visualizing complex intracranial anatomy in relation to implanted surgical tools.MethodsMRI and CT data from patients with refractory epilepsy from a single center that underwent surgery are converted into 3D volumes, or stereolithography files. These were then printed using three popular 3D printing methods: SLA, FDM, and Polyjet. Faculty were surveyed on the impact of 3D modeling on the surgical planning process.ResultsAll three methods generated physical models with an increasing degree of resolution, transparency, and clinical utility directly related to cost of production and accurate representation of anatomy. Polyjet models were the most transparent and clearly represented intricate implanted electrodes but had the highest associated cost. FDM produced relatively inexpensive models that, however, were nearly completely opaque, limiting clinical utility. SLA produced economical and highly transparent models but was limited by single material capacity.SignificanceThree‐dimensional printing of patient‐specific anatomy is feasible with a variety of printing methods. The clinical utility of lower‐cost methods is limited by model transparency and lack of multi‐material overlay respectively. Polyjet successfully generated transparent models with high resolution of internal structures but is cost‐prohibitive. Further research needs to be done to explore cost‐saving methods of modeling.
Asymmetric evolution of river mouth bifurcation under angled river‐tide interaction, a case study at river mouths of Lingding Bay, Pearl River estuary
Authors: Deng Junjie , Chen Congrui , Yu Hongze 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA thorough understanding of the evolutionary trends of river bifurcation channels is crucial for effective estuarine management in China's Greater Bay Area due to significant morphological changes observed in river mouth channels. At this tide‐influenced river mouth, where suspended sediment transport is dominant, how river mouth bifurcated channels that have different angles to the major axis of the incoming tidal flow in the receiving basin evolve on decadal scales remains unclear. Based on a comparative analysis of historical bathymetric data and numerical experiments using a validated morphodynamic model, we developed a conceptual model to illustrate the two end members of the morphological evolution of river mouth channels: a low‐angle (<45°) main channel and a high‐angle (>45°) secondary channel relative to the major axis of tidal flow in the receiving basin. If the mouth outflow also has a low angle with the main channel, the incoming tidal discharge fluxes have first‐order control over changes in the evolutionary trend of the bifurcated channels by changing the partition of residual sediment discharges between the two bifurcated channels. For example, a high incoming tidal discharge that varies around the mean flow increases the partitioning of residual sediment discharges from the upstream channel to the low‐angle channel, facilitating tide‐induced erosion in the low‐angle channel. By contrast, a low incoming tidal discharge decreases the partitioning of residual sediment discharges from the upstream channel to the low‐angle channel, which facilitates fluvial‐induced erosion in the high‐angle channel. Thus, high tidal discharges usually coincide with the river mouth adopting a single channel, and low tidal discharges facilitate the formation of fluvial‐induced bifurcation. The historical evolution of the river mouth and modern velocity measurements corroborated results derived from model experiments. The conceptual model applies to river mouths where suspended sediment transport is dominant and influenced by angled incoming tides.
A module lattice based construction of post quantum secure blockchain architecture
Authors: Chaudhary Dharminder , Durgarao M. S. P. , Mishra Dheerendra , Kumari Saru 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Fiat–Shamir with Aborts paradigm of Lyubashevsky introduced efficient lattice based signatures. A lattice‐based signature is used to design post quantum secure blockchain architecture. But, a blockchain is always consisting of multiple nodes, and then we need an efficient aggregate signature to verify nodes in one‐step. We have designed a blockchain using module lattices. Blockchain security relies upon two assumptions, (1) module learning with errors and (2) module short integer solution. The proposed design ensures security against quantum attacks. The design is simulated in ns‐3 to capture latency and throughput, respectively.
Evaluating depth of invasion across oral cavity subsites as part of the AJCC 8th edition T staging criteria for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gilja Shivee , Barlow Joshua , Kumar Arvind , Berger Michael H. , Khan Mohemmed N. , Kirke Diana N. , Roof Scott A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic impact of depth of invasion (DOI) in American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition TNM staging for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCCa) across oral cavity subsites is unknown.MethodsOverall survival of patients with pT1‐4a OCSCCa in the National Cancer Database (2010–2017), stratified by tumor size and DOI across eight oral cavity subsites, was evaluated using multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards modeling.ResultsWhen stratified by tumor size ≤2 cm and >2 cm, DOI >5 mm and DOI >10 mm were only associated with worse overall survival, respectively, for tumors of the oral tongue (Tumor size ≤2 cm, DOI >5 mm v DOI ≤5 mm: HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12–1.53, p < 0.001; Tumor size >2 cm, DOI >10 mm v DOI ≤10 mm: HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.30, p = 0.03). DOI >5 mm and DOI >10 mm was not prognostic for any other tumor location.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the current staging schema for DOI in OCSCCa may not be prognostic across all oral cavity subsites.
Prognostic utility of neutrophil‐to‐albumin ratio in surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yu Ya‐Yun , Lin Yu‐Tsai , Chuang Hui‐Ching , Chien Chih‐Yen , Huang Tai‐Lin , Fang Fu‐Min , Tsai Yao‐Te , Lu Hui , Tsai Ming‐Hsien 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil‐to‐albumin ratio (NAR) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsA total of 622 patients with surgically treated OSCC were enrolled. NAR was defined as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the serum albumin level in peripheral blood before the radical surgery. Cox proportional hazards model were used to discover survival outcome‐associated factors.ResultsThe optimal cut‐off of NAR to predict overall survival (OS) was determined to be 0.1. In Cox model, high NAR was identified as an independent negative prognosticator of OS, cancer‐specific survival, and recurrence‐free survival (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.503, 1.958, and 1.727, respectively; all p < 0.05). The NAR‐based nomogram accurately predicted OS (concordance index: 0.750).ConclusionOur study suggests that preoperative NAR is a convenient and effective prognostic marker for OSCC and NAR‐based nomogram can be a promising prognostic tool in clinical setting.
Does D&O insurance mislead creditors' lending decisions? Evidence from corporate debt maturity structure
Authors: Ruan Qingsong , Jin Yuetian , Lv Dayong , Wei Xiaokun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates whether directors' and officers' liability insurance (D&O insurance) misleads creditors' lending decisions by examining its effect on corporate debt maturity structure. We find that purchasing D&O insurance leads to increased corporate debt maturity, and this effect is more pronounced for firms with weaker corporate governance. These results suggest that creditors may view D&O insurance as an external monitoring tool that helps improve corporate governance. However, D&O insurance induces higher firm risk, but cannot help decrease agency costs or improve firm performance, that is, it results in more severe managerial opportunism. Our findings suggest that D&O insurance, to some extent, misguides creditors' lending decisions.
Which social media platforms matter and for whom? Examining moderators of links between adolescents' social media use and depressive symptoms
Authors: Gentzler Amy L. , Hughes Jeffrey L. , Johnston Matty , Alderson Jacob E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite extensive research on social media and risks for mental health, not enough is known about individual differences in these risks.MethodsThe present study, with data collected from 2018 to 2020, investigated the association between social media use (total and for specific platforms) and depressive symptoms in a sample of 237 American adolescents (Mage = 15.10; SD = 0.49; 51.1% girls and 48.5% boys). We investigated several moderators: gender, self‐esteem, personality, and negative reactions to social media. Covariates were gender, timing of the follow‐up (pre vs. during the pandemic), and depressive symptoms a year earlier.ResultsResults indicated that greater total time spent on social media was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. This effect held for Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube (but not Snapchat, Facebook, or Twitter). Several moderated effects were found. Twitter was associated with more depressive symptoms for girls but not boys. More frequent Instagram use was linked to more depressive symptoms for less or average‐level extraverted teens but not for more extraverted teens, suggesting extraversion may be protective. More frequent TikTok use was associated with more depressive symptoms, particularly for teens who said they have more or average‐level negative reactions to social media a year earlier.ConclusionsThis study suggests that certain adolescents may be at increased risk for serious mental health challenges, like elevated depressive symptoms, when using TikTok, Instagram, or Twitter more frequently, underscoring the importance of examining individual differences and particular social media platforms.
Racial and ethnic differences in perceptions of germline or somatic DNA sequencing among patients with advanced prostate, urothelial, or kidney cancer
Authors: Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Philip Errol J. , Malhotra Jasnoor , Bergerot Paulo Gustavo , Castro Daniela V. , Govindarajan Ameish , Salgia Sabrina , Salgia Meghan , Salgia Nicholas , Hsu JoAnn , Meza Luis , Zengin Zeynep B. , Liu Sandy , Chehrazi‐Raffle Alex , Tripathi Abhishek , Dorff Tanya , Pal Sumanta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe sought to determine racial and ethnic differences in perceptions (quality of communication, expectations, and concerns) of germline or somatic DNA sequencing (genomic profiling). Patients with prostate, urothelial, or kidney cancer were surveyed using a questionnaire that assessed previous experience, beliefs, expectations, and concerns regarding genomic profiling. Descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests were used to identify factors associated with patients' perceptions of genomic profiling. A total of 150 consecutive patients were enrolled. The majority were male (74%) with a mean age of 68 years old. Most patients underwent somatic testing (54%), 24% undertook germline testing, and 21% undertook both tests. Significant differences were found across racial and/or ethnicity concerning factors that could have influenced patients' decision to pursue genomic profiling, including ability to guide the type of treatment (White: 54.1% vs. other ethnic groups: 43.9%, p = 0.04) and potential to improve treatment response (White: 10.1% vs. other ethnic groups: 22.0%, p = 0.04). Other ethnic group of patients were more concerned about learning that the cancer was less treatable or aggressive (43.8% vs. 27.7%, p = 0.01) and anxious about what would be learnt from genomic profiling (34.4% vs. 21.3, p = 0.01) as compared to White patients. Our findings reinforce the importance of developing culturally tailored education to help patients participate actively in decisions about genomic profiling.
Baseline gut microbiome features prior to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are associated with host symptoms in and post COVID‐19
Authors: Zuo Tao , Liang Guanzhan , Huang Ziyu , Cao Zhirui , Bai Feiyu , Zhou Yingqian , Wu Xianrui , Wu Xiaojian , Chen Yao‐qing , Balati Maimaitituerxun , Maimaitiyiming Muyessar ,   The CORNER study team, Lan Ping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe human gut microbiome varies substantially across individuals and populations and differentially tames our immunity at steady‐state. Hence, we hypothesize that the large heterogeneity of gut microbiomes at steady‐state may shape our baseline immunity differentially, and then mediate discrepant immune responses and symptoms when one encounters a viral infection, such as SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. To validate this hypothesis, we conducted an exploratory, longitudinal microbiome‐COVID‐19 study involving homogenous young participants from two geographically different regions in China. Subjects were recruited and sampled of fecal specimens before the 3‐week surge window of COVID‐19 (between December 11 and December 31, 2022) in China, and then were followed up for assessment of COVID‐19 and post‐COVID‐19 manifestations. Our data showed that the baseline gut microbiome composition was intricately associated with different COVID‐19 manifestations, particularly gastrointestinal involvement and post‐COVID‐19 lingering symptoms, in both an individual‐ and population‐dependent manner. Our study intriguingly for the first time highlight that the gut microbiome at steady‐state may prepare us differentially for weathering a respiratory viral infection.
Carbamate‐functional, biobased surfactants derived from cardanol, carbon dioxide, and amino acids: Their synthesis and properties
Authors: Zhu Tianyu , Qian Dong , Duan Tong , Li Jinlan , Yu Hui , Huang Weizhou , Zhou Yi , Zhang Zhen , Sun Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThree biobased, CO2‐consuming, and carbamate‐groups‐containing surfactants (CC‐G, CC‐T, CC‐L) were synthesized separately by combination of Cardanol, CO2, Glycine sodium salt (G), Taurine sodium salt (T), and Lysine sodium salt (L). The chemical structures of CC‐G, CC‐T, CC‐L were confirmed by1H NMR and IR spectra. Thermal properties of these surfactants were studied with TGA and DSC. Their critical micelle concentration (CMC) and surface tension at CMC (CMC) in aqueous solution were obtained by surface tension and conductivity methods, respectively. The amount of excess concentration () and the average occupied surface area () of three surfactants were calculated. of CC‐G, CC‐T and CC‐L was 2.35 × 10−7 mmol/m2, 2.23 × 10−7 mmol/m2, and 6.16 × 10−7 mmol/m2, separately. of CC‐G was 0.71 nm2/mmol, CC‐T 0.74 nm2/mmol, CC‐L 2.70 nm2/mmol. The Krafft point, emulsification, and foaming power of these surfactants were investigated as well. The Krafft points were 0°C (CC‐G), 5°C (CC‐T) and 20°C (CC‐T). For CC‐G, the separation time of 10 mL double distilled water (DDW) was 43 min, CC‐T 40 min, and CC‐L 37 min. It was inferred from the calculated packing parameters that shape of the micelle of CC‐G, CC‐T were cylindrical in aqueous media, while CC‐L was spheroidal in aqueous media.