bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Persistent Posttraumatic Headache with the Anti-CGRP Receptor Antibody Erenumab: a Case Report
Authors: Papenhoff Mike , Dudda Marcel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has only recently emerged as a potential target in posttraumatic headache. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a patient with persistent posttraumatic headache following severe traumatic head injury who has been treated with the CGRP receptor monoclonal antibody erenumab. A 56-year-old man presented with a 30-year history of frequent migraine-like posttraumatic headaches following a high-voltage head injury that he treated with an excessive intake of peripheral analgesics. Although amitriptyline was reasonably effective, it had to be discontinued when the patient developed restless legs syndrome in the second year of treatment. Under therapy with erenumab, he achieved a rapid and stable reduction in his symptoms down to only 2–3 headache days per month without adverse events. This case demonstrates that the inhibition of the CGRP-receptor with erenumab could be an effective treatment option in migraine-like posttraumatic headache even decades after the traumatic event.
Clostridioides difficile outbreak detection: Evaluation by ribotyping and whole-genome sequencing of a surveillance algorithm based on ward-specific cutoffs
Authors: Edman-Wallér Jon E. , Toepfer Michael , Karp Johan , Rizzardi Kristina , Jacobsson Gunnar , Werner Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:We evaluated the performance of an early-warning algorithm, based on ward-specific incidence cutoffs for detecting Clostridioides difficile transmission in hospitals. We also sought to determine the frequency of intrahospital Clostridioides difficile transmission in our setting.Design:Diagnostic performance of the algorithm was tested with confirmed transmission events as the comparison criterion. Transmission events were identified by a combination of high-molecular-weight typing, ward history, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS).Setting:The study was conducted in 2 major and 2 minor secondary-care hospitals with adjacent catchment areas in western Sweden, comprising a total population of ∼480,000 and ∼1,000 hospital beds.Patients:All patients with a positive PCR test for Clostridioides difficile toxin B during 2020 and 2021.Methods:We conducted culturing and high-molecular-weight typing of all positive clinical samples. Ward history was determined for each patient to find possible epidemiological links between patients with the same type. Transmission events were determined by PCR ribotyping followed by WGS.Results:We identified 4 clusters comprising a total of 10 patients (1.5%) among 673 positive samples that were able to be cultured and then typed by high-molecular-weight typing. The early-warning algorithm performed no better than chance; patient diagnoses were made at wards other than those where the transmission events likely occurred.Conclusions:In surveillance of potential transmission, it is insufficient to consider only the ward where diagnosis is made, especially in settings with high strain diversity. Transmission within wards occurs sporadically in our setting.
A NOTE ON THE GOORMAGHTIGH EQUATION CONCERNING DIFFERENCE SETS
Authors: FUJITA YASUTSUGU , LE MAOHUA 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLet p be a prime and let r, s be positive integers. In this paper, we prove that the Goormaghtigh equation
$(x^m-1)/(x-1)=(y^n-1)/(y-1)$
,
$x,y,m,n \in {\mathbb {N}}$
,
$\min \{x,y\}>1$
,
$\min \{m,n\}>2$
with
$(x,y)=(p^r,p^s+1)$
has only one solution
$(x,y,m,n)=(2,5,5,3)$
. This result is related to the existence of some partial difference sets in combinatorics.
Magnetic Recording Stability of Taenite‐Containing Meteorites
Authors: Devienne José A. P. M. , Berndt Thomas A. , Williams Wyn , Nagy Lesleis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSub‐μm taenite and tetrataenite grains observed in a number of (stony‐)iron meteorite groups are promising sources of paleomagnetic records in meteorites. While slowly‐cooled meteorites form tetrataenite—an extremely good recorder—, fast‐cooled meteorites may contain fine‐grained taenite, which was considered unsuitable for paleomagnetic studies. In this work, however, we show that nm‐sized taenite grains are stable over billion‐year timescales, indicating that taenite‐bearing meteorites are reliable sources of paleomagnetic information. We find a range of sizes for which taenite forms stable single‐domain structures, which coincides with the grain sizes observed in the cloudy zone of most fast cooled IVA meteorites. These meteorites, therefore, can provide reliable paleomagnetic information recorded as a stable crystallization remanent magnetization as taenite grains grown. Vortex states observed in larger (>50 nm) grain sizes are also highly stable, indicating that coarse‐grained taenite observed in meteoritic microstructures can also provide reliable records of paleomagnetic fields.
The March 1940 Superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic Hazards and Impacts on American Communication and Power Systems
Authors: Love Jeffrey J. , Rigler E. Joshua , Hartinger Michael D. , Lucas Greg M. , Kelbert Anna , Bedrosian Paul A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn analysis is made of geophysical records of the 24 March 1940, magnetic storm and related reports of interference on long‐line communication and power systems across the contiguous United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada. Most long‐line system interference occurred during local daytime, after the second of two storm sudden commencements and during the early part of the storm's main phase. The high degree of system interference experienced during this storm is inferred to have been due to unusually large‐amplitude and unusually rapid geomagnetic field variation, possibly driven by interacting interplanetary coronal‐mass ejections. Geomagnetic field variation, in turn, induced geoelectric fields in the electrically conducting solid Earth, establishing large potential differences (voltages) between grounding points at communication depots and transformer substations connected by long transmission lines. It is shown that March 1940 storm‐time communication‐ and power‐system interference was primarily experienced over regions of high electromagnetic surface impedance, mainly in the upper Midwest and eastern United States. Potential differences measured on several grounded long lines during the storm exceeded 1‐min resolution voltages that would have been induced by the March 1989 storm. In some places, voltages exceeded American electric‐power‐industry benchmarks. It is concluded that the March 1940 magnetic storm was unusually effective at inducing geoelectric fields. Although modern communication systems are now much less dependent on long electrically conducting transmission lines, modern electric‐power‐transmission systems are more dependent on such lines, and they, thus, might experience interference with the future occurrence of a storm as effective as that of March 1940.
On a Possible Mechanism of Space Stem Formation in Negative Long Sparks
Authors: Zhao Xiangen , Popov Nikolay A. , Gan Quan , Ding Yuxuan , Du Yaping , He Junjia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo study the mechanism of space stem formation, the high‐speed direct imaging technique and Schlieren photography are used to simultaneously observe the space stems in a 1.35‐m air gap under the lightning impulse voltage. It is found that the average length and diameter of the space stem is approximately 5 and 0.5 mm, which is about 1/3 of the length and 1/10 of the diameter of the local luminous region respectively. Moreover, the space stem exhibits a non‐uniform distributed temperature with a maximum value of several hundred Kelvin for tens of microseconds. Accordingly, a possible mechanism is proposed that the space stem is formed at the primary corona streamer boundary as a result of the propagation of a secondary ionization wave from the HV electrode and survives long enough (to finish the polarization) due to the fast gas heating and production of atomic oxygen.
The Impacts of Gustiness on the Evolution of Surface Gravity Waves
Authors: Lyu Meng , Potter Henry , Collins Clarence O. , Yang Xin , Wang Xiaoqi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurface gravity waves are formed by kinetic energy transfer across the air‐sea interface. Significant improvements have been made in understanding the influence of wind on the energy input of waves. However, the impact of gustiness remains underexplored, and little is known about the mechanisms through which gusts alter the wavy surface. In this study, we utilize three‐months observational data collected during the 2010 Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific experiment to investigate the relationship between waves and gustiness. Results show that gustiness increases sea roughness and wave energy, leading to wave development beyond the theoretical peak of Pierson‐Moskowitz spectrum. We further find that the Hasselmann enhancement factor linearly increases with gustiness, indicating gustiness alters the wave development. We suggest that this occurs via two pathways, first, through direct coupling between swell and gustiness which increases wave‐wave interaction, and second through instantaneous reduction in wave age.
Pore Pressure Drop During Dynamic Rupture and Conditions for Dilatancy Hardening
Authors: Parez S. , Kozakovic M. , Havlica J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPore pressure drop brought about by fault dilatancy during accelerating slip may suppress nucleation of earthquakes. Yet, direct measurements of pore pressure during dynamic slip are challenging to produce. We present results of a physics‐based model simulating onset of slip in saturated granular layers coupled to a constant fluid pressure reservoir. Grain rearrangements required for slip to commence induce incipient rapid dilatation during which the maximum pore pressure drop is generated. We find that up to a critical slip rate the pore pressure drop is consistent with a prediction derived for an incompressible fluid flow. In this “drained” regime, excess pore pressure is efficiently relaxed and has little effect on slip stability. Above the critical slip rate, marking the onset of undrained conditions, the pore pressure drop decays slowly, inhibits dilatation rate, and significantly increases strength of the layer, stabilizing the rupture growth. The magnitude of the pore pressure drop increases monotonically with the drainage number given as the ratio of the dilatation rate to a characteristic fluid infiltration rate. The pore pressure drop in the undrained regime also depends on a second non‐dimensional parameter, , where β is storage capacity, and is the effective normal stress. Low values of this parameter enhance localization of strain near the drained boundaries of the layer, promoting fluid flow into the layer. Our results can be used to better constrain drainage conditions associated with changes in slip rate, the magnitude of the generated pore pressure and the corresponding fault strengthening.
The Viscoplastic Behavior of Natural Hydrate‐Bearing Sandy‐Silts Under Uniaxial Strain Compression (K0 Loading)
Authors: Cardona Alejandro , Bhandari Athma R. , Heidari Mahdi , Flemings Peter B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe in‐situ stress state and geomechanical properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments impact hydrate formation and gas production strategies. We explore the uniaxial strain compression and stress evolution of natural hydrate‐bearing sandy‐silts from Green Canyon Block 955 in the deep‐water Gulf of Mexico. We performed constant rate of strain uniaxial strain experiments, interrupted by periods where we held the axial stress constant, to explore the vertical deformation and the evolution of the ratio of lateral to axial effective stress (K0) with time. The hydrate‐bearing sandy‐silt is stiffer and has a larger K0 than the equivalent hydrate‐free sediment upon loading. During stress holds, the void ratio decreases sigmoidally with the log of time, and K0 converges to isotropic conditions. We interpret that during loading, the hydrate bears the load and deforms. With time, the hydrate redistributes the load and K0 increases. We used a viscoelastic model to describe the behavior. The model accurately captures deformation and K0 trends but does not reproduce all the complex interactions of the hydrate with the porous skeleton. We anticipate that viscous effects within hydrate sediments will impact reservoir compression and stresses during production (hours to days), result in isotropic stress state over geological timescales, and explain the creeping movement in submarine landslides.
Environmental influences on Streptococcus sanguinis membrane vesicle biogenesis
Authors: Helliwell Emily , Choi Dongseok , Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Membrane vesicles are produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. While membrane vesicles are potent elicitors of eukaryotic cells and involved in cell-cell communication, information is scarce about their general biology in the context of community members and the environment. Streptococcus sanguinis, a Gram-positive oral commensal, is prevalent in the oral cavity and well-characterized for its ability to antagonize oral pathobionts. We have found that production and dissemination of membrane vesicles by S. sanguinis is dependent on environmental and community factors. Co-culture with interacting commensal Corynebacterium durum, as well as with the periodontal pathobiont Filifactor alocis had no effect on S. sanguinis vesicle number and size, whereas the periodontal pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis abolished S. sanguinis vesicle production. Using both correlation and differential expression analyses to examine the transcriptomic changes underlying vesicle production, we found that differential expression of genes encoding proteins related to the cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan correlate with the abundance of membrane vesicles. Proteomic characterizations of the vesicle cargo identified a variety of proteins, including those predicted to influence host interactions or host immune responses. Cell culture studies of gingival epithelial cells demonstrated that both crude and highly purified membrane vesicles could induce the expression of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, and Gro-α within 6 hours of inoculation at levels comparable to whole cells. Our findings suggest that production of membrane vesicles by S. sanguinis is heavily influenced by community and environmental factors and plays an important role in communication with host cells.
PDE4DIP contributes to colorectal cancer growth and chemoresistance through modulation of the NF1/RAS signaling axis
Authors: Pan Rulu , Dai Juji , Liang Weicheng , Wang Hongxiao , Ye Lin , Ye Siqi , Lin Ziqi , Huang Shishun , Xiong Yan , Zhang Li , Lu Liting , Wang Ouchen , Shen Xian , Liao Wanqin , Lu Xincheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein (PDE4DIP) is a centrosome/Golgi protein associated with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. PDE4DIP is commonly mutated in human cancers, and its alteration in mice leads to a predisposition to intestinal cancer. However, the biological function of PDE4DIP in human cancer remains obscure. Here, we report for the first time the oncogenic role of PDE4DIP in colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and adaptive MEK inhibitor (MEKi) resistance. We show that the expression of PDE4DIP is upregulated in CRC tissues and associated with the clinical characteristics and poor prognosis of CRC patients. Knockdown of PDE4DIP impairs the growth of KRAS-mutant CRC cells by inhibiting the core RAS signaling pathway. PDE4DIP plays an essential role in the full activation of oncogenic RAS/ERK signaling by suppressing the expression of the RAS GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) neurofibromin (NF1). Mechanistically, PDE4DIP promotes the recruitment of PLCγ/PKCε to the Golgi apparatus, leading to constitutive activation of PKCε, which triggers the degradation of NF1. Upregulation of PDE4DIP results in adaptive MEKi resistance in KRAS-mutant CRC by reactivating the RAS/ERK pathway. Our work reveals a novel functional link between PDE4DIP and NF1/RAS signal transduction and suggests that targeting PDE4DIP is a promising therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant CRC.
The FGF21 analog pegozafermin in severe hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Bhatt Deepak L. , Bays Harold E. , Miller Michael , Cain James E. , Wasilewska Katarzyna , Andrawis Nabil S. , Parli Teresa , Feng Shibao , Sterling Lulu , Tseng Leo , Hartsfield Cynthia L. , Agollah Germaine D. , Mansbach Hank , Kastelein John J. P. ,   ENTRIGUE Principal Investigators
Published: June 2023

AbstractPegozafermin, a long-acting glycopegylated analog of human fibroblast growth factor 21, is in development for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia (SHTG) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Here we report the results of a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, five-arm trial testing pegozafermin at four different doses (n = 67; 52 male) versus placebo (n = 18; 12 male) for 8 weeks in patients with SHTG (triglycerides (TGs), ≥500 mg dl−1 and ≤2,000 mg dl−1). Treated patients showed a significant reduction in median TGs for the pooled pegozafermin group versus placebo (57.3% versus 11.9%, difference versus placebo −43.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): −57.1%, −30.3%; P < 0.001), meeting the primary endpoint of the trial. Reductions in median TGs ranged from 36.4% to 63.4% across all treatment arms and were consistent regardless of background lipid-lowering therapy. Results for secondary endpoints included significant decreases in mean apolipoprotein B and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (−10.5% and −18.3% for pooled doses compared to 1.1% and −0.6% for placebo (95% CI: −21.5%, −2.0%; P = 0.019 and 95% CI: −30.7%, −5.1%; P = 0.007, respectively), as well as a significant decrease in liver fat fraction for pooled treatment (n = 17) versus placebo (n = 6; −42.2% pooled pegozafermin, −8.3% placebo; 95% CI: −60.9%, −8.7%; P = 0.012), as assessed in a magnetic resonance imaging sub-study. No serious adverse events were observed to be related to the study drug. If these results are confirmed in a phase 3 trial, pegozafermin could be a promising treatment for SHTG (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT0441186).
Change in brain asymmetry reflects level of acute alcohol intoxication and impacts on inhibitory control
Authors: Dubois Julien , Field Ryan M. , Jawhar Sami , Jewison Austin , Koch Erin M. , M. Aghajan Zahra , Miller Naomi , Perdue Katherine L. , Taylor Moriah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlcohol is one of the most commonly used substances and frequently abused, yet little is known about the neural underpinnings driving variability in inhibitory control performance after ingesting alcohol. This study was a single-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design with participants (N = 48 healthy, social drinkers) completing three study visits. At each visit participants received one of three alcohol doses; namely, a placebo dose [equivalent Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) = 0.00%], a low dose of alcohol (target BAC = 0.04%), or a moderate dose of alcohol (target BAC = 0.08%). To measure inhibitory control, participants completed a Go/No-go task paradigm twice during each study visit, once immediately before dosing and once after, while their brain activity was measured with time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS). BAC and subjective effects of alcohol were also assessed. We report decreased behavioral performance for the moderate dose of alcohol, but not the low or placebo doses. We observed right lateralized inhibitory prefrontal activity during go-no-go blocks, consistent with prior literature. Using standard and novel metrics of lateralization, we were able to significantly differentiate between all doses. Lastly, we demonstrate that these metrics are not only related to behavioral performance during inhibitory control, but also provide complementary information to the legal gold standard of intoxication (i.e. BAC).
Microbial fertilizer regulates C:N:P stoichiometry and alleviates phosphorus limitation in flue-cured tobacco planting soil
Authors: Feng Junna , Chen Lulu , Xia Tiyuan , Ruan Yanan , Sun Xiaolu , Wu Tian , Zhong Yu , Shao Xiaodong , Tang Zuoxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFertilization can be optimized and managed during the flue-cured tobacco growing period by studying the response of soil and microbial biomass stoichiometric characteristics to fertilization. In this study, we investigated the effect of compound fertilizers combined with microbial fertilizer treatments on the stoichiometric characteristics of the rhizosphere soil and the limitations of microbial resources during the flue-cured tobacco growing period. The results indicated that soil and microbial C:N:P varied greatly with the growing period. The effect of sampling time was usually greater than that of fertilization treatment, and microbial C:N:P did not vary with the soil resource stoichiometric ratio. The microbial metabolism of the tobacco-growing soil was limited by phosphorus after extending the growing period, and phosphorus limitation gradually increased from the root extension to the maturation periods but decreased at harvest. The rhizosphere soil microbial nitrogen and phosphorus limitations were mainly affected by soil water content, soil pH, microbial biomass carbon, and the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to microbial biomass phosphorus. Applying microbial fertilizer reduced phosphorus limitation. Therefore, applying microbial fertilizer regulated the limitation of microbial resources by affecting the soil and microbial biomass C:N:P in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soils.
Cascade of diabetes care in Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal: identifying gaps in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and control continuum
Authors: Islam Md Tauhidul , Bruce Mieghan , Alam Khurshid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiabetes has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in South Asia. Using the data from the three STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) surveys conducted in Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal during 2018–2019, this study tried to quantify the gaps in diabetes screening, awareness, treatment, and control in these three South Asian countries. Diabetes care cascade was constructed by decomposing the population with diabetes (diabetes prevalence) in each country into five mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories: (1) unscreened and undiagnosed, (2) screened but undiagnosed, (3) diagnosed but untreated, (4) treated but uncontrolled, (5) treated and controlled. In Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal, among the participants with diabetes, 14.7%, 35.7%, and 4.9% of the participants were treated and controlled, suggesting that 85.3%, 64.3%, and 95.1% of the diabetic population had unmet need for care, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with awareness of the diabetes diagnosis. Common influencing factors for awareness of the diabetes diagnosis for Bangladesh and Nepal were living in urban areas [Bangladesh-adjusted odd ratio (AOR):2.1; confidence interval (CI):1.2, 3.6, Nepal-AOR:6.2; CI:1.9, 19.9].