bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Using Different Levels of Crude Protein and Adding some Amino Acids to the Diet on some Blood Biochemical, Histological and Nitrogen Excretion Characteristics of Laying Hens Lohmann Brown
Authors: Ezzat Esraa Natiq , Albaddy Maad A.K. , Ahmed Ahmed Khalid , Isam Omer 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the poultry house of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University for the period between 13/2/2021 and 8/5/2021 and aimed to use different levels of crude protein and add some amino acids to the diet of laying hens of Lohmann Brown breed The experiment included 240 chickens at the age of (34) weeks and continued for three production periods, each 28 days long. The treatments were fed as follows: T1: the base diet without any addition (control treatment according to the breeding guide). the other five treatments T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, the base diet reduced the level of crude protein by 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5, respectively, and supported it with amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine) to be equal to what it is in the control diet. The results were a significant superiority of the control treatment compared to all treatments of the experiment except for the sixth treatment in total protein in the blood serum, as well as the control treatment was significantly superior to all other treatments of the experiment in the concentration of uric acid in the blood serum. The other experiment treatments, and there was no significant difference between the treatments in the depth of the crypts. As for the ratio between the depth of the crypts and the height of the villus, the fourth and fifth treatments increased significantly compared to the control treatment, and there was no significant difference between them and the rest of the experiment treatments, as well as a significant increase in nitrogen proposed for the sixth treatment. Compared with other experimental parameters.
Growth Rate of Broiler Production Affected by Xylo-Oligosaccharides and Chitosan
Authors: Ibrahim Youssef Badr , Abdulwahid Ammar Salah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Chitosan and Xylo-oligosaccharides on broiler performance. A total of one hundred and sixty-five old-day birds were used in this study. The birds were randomly assigned into four treatments (13 chick/replicate). The control (T1) received a basal diet, T2 received (1 g/kg basal diet) Chitosan, T3 (1 g/kg basal diet) Xylo-oligosaccharides, and T4 mixed (0.5+0.5 g/kg chitosan and Xylo-oligosaccharides). The results showed that the supplementation of diets with chitosan, Xylo-oligosaccharides or mixed significantly increased body weight (g), body weight gain (g). On the other hand, birds treated with Chitosan and Xylo-oligosaccharides showed a significant difference in feed intake and FCR compared to the control treatment. We concluded that dietary supplementation of Chitosan and Xylo-oligosaccharides can improve broiler performance.
Role of Xylo-Oligosaccharides and Chitosan Effects on Biochemistry Parameters and Antioxidant Activity in Broilers
Authors: Ibrahim Youssef Badr , Abdulwahid Ammar Salah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of xylo-oligosaccharides and chitosan on lipid profile and antioxidant capacity in broilers. A total of 165 old chickens were randomly divided into four groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg chitosan, 1 g/kg xylo-oligosaccharides and mixed (0.5 + 0.5 g/kg chitosan and xylo-oligosaccharides), The study lasted 42 days with two phases. The results showed that dietary supplementation with chitosan, xylo-oligosaccharides or mixed had no significant effect on glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein. Adding Xylo-oligosaccharides and Chitosan to the diet reduces the cholesterol levels compared to the other groups. Compared to the control group, there was a non-significant difference between the xylo-oligosaccharides and the chitosan group. In summary, xylo-oligosaccharides and chitosan added to or mixed with the diet can reduce cholesterol and antioxidant capacity improve the broiler.
Cluster Analysis for Flax Genotypes by Using Three Concentrations of NPK Nano Fertilizer
Authors: Jabbar Luma Jaleel , Mohammed Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A factorial experiment was conducted in the winter season 2021-2022 to know the effect of levels of NPK Nano fertilization (0, 2.5, and 5) in the main plots and the response of (10) genotypes of flax to some growth traits, yield and its components and in the second plots. In the experiment applied by randomized complete blocks design, the result shows the concentration of NPK-Nano Fertilizer (5) superior to all studied traits, Giza 10 genotype superior in yield. Most of its compound was lest Euclidean distance between Poland and Sakha6 genotype is 5.877. The high Euclidean distance between Giza10 and Linata was 68.618 at a concentration (0) g L-1, lest Euclidean distance between Poland and Sokha6 is 8.836, and the high Euclidean distance between Sharda and Sokha1 with a distance of 52.200 at the concentration (2.5) g L-1, lest Euclidean distance between Poland and Sakha4 genotype is 6.580, and high Euclidean distance between Giza10 and Sakha5 with a distance of 51,281 at the concentration (5) g L-1.
Phytochemical Study of Volatile Oils for the Ocimum basilicum L. and Mentha spicata By Gas Chromatography Technique
Authors: Al-Ibrahemi Nibras , Al-Yasssiry Ayat Shanshol , Al-Laith Zainab Naser , Al-Musawi Balqees Hadi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study emphasized on the identification and detection the secondary metabolism compounds different of volatile oils by Gas Chromatography Technique of Ocimum basilicum L. and Mentha spicata L plant from Labiate (Lamiaceae) family cultivated in Iraq by suxhlet apparatus. the medicinal importment acquired this study and to know the active compound in the volatile oil was identified in plant extract of aerial parts by Gas Chromatography Mass, The result showed that of (80g) of O.basilicum and M. spicata has produced volatile oil ( 2.5% and 3. 75%) respectively, The study has shown that essential oil of O.basilicum 25 compounds and had the highest compound concentration Estragole reaching it is percentage (23.46%) followed Cyclohexanol,5-methyl-2-(1methyl ethyl) (14.19%), Then Tetrapentaconate, 1,54-dibromo compound concentration (8.99%). concentration the M. spicata, the study showed that it contain 25 compound and that the compound Isopropyl linoleate has the highest compound concentration of (21.83%) followed by the Cyclohexanol,5-methyl-2-(1-methyl ethyl) 13.38%, then Octadecenoic acid (E) with concentration of ( 7.75%). The aim of this study compare the phytochemical of different volatile oil extract of O. basilicum L. and M. spicata L.
The Role of Bio-Fertilizer EM1 in the Evolution in Addition to the Production of the Wheat Bora Cultivar
Authors: Yasir Al-Saidan Khudhair Joudah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experience was conducted in Al-Jarallah region, 11 km south of Governorate center through the winter agricultural time 2021-2022, to know the role of bio-fertilizer EM1 in the growth and production of the Italian Bora cultivar. The experience was carried out according to a split-plot design and using the RCBD design with three replication. The first agent referred to the levels of mineral fertilizer (M) for N, P (0 (M1), 50% (M2), 100% (M3) of the metal fertilizer refreence for N, P) (in main plots). Second factor included the levels of bio-fertilizer EM1 (B) (1 ml\L (B1), 2 ml/L (B2), 3 ml/L (B3)) (in sub plots). The results were that referred the level of mineral fertilization (M3) is superior by showing a high mean in the whole of the thoughtful characteristic. (plant height 93.67 cm, area of flag leaf 59.96 cm2, number of tillers 484.67 tiller.m2, spike length 22.33 cm, number of grains per spike 66.67 grains. spike, weight of 1000 grains 44.099 g, total grain yield 1.7657 t.h-1). The standard of bio-fertilizer (B3) is also superior by showing the highest averages in all the studied characteristics (plant height 88.89 cm, flag leaf area 54.78 cm2, number of tillers 425.56 tiller.m2, spike length 19.67 cm, number of grains per spike 64.67 grains. spike, weight of 1000 grains 42,583 g, the total grain yield is 1.5304 t.h-1). The study showed the superiority of the (M3B3) Interaction treatment in the values of all the studied traits than the values of the study factors individually, especially the total grain yield, which amounted to 1.8540 t.h-1.
Molecular Assessment of Some Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Genotypes Revealed by SCoT Markers
Authors: Al-Ghufaili Melath K. , Al-Musawi Balqees H. , Al-Tamimi Attyaf J. , Hassan Shurooq F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The SCoT marker was able to shed light on the origin-specific genetic link between the genotypes under study, providing breeders with a valuable resource. Some Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) genotypes were analyzed for their genetic diversity, genetic connection, and DNA fingerprint using ten molecular markers of the SCoT (Start Codon Targeted) type. Different SCoT primer combinations generated distinctive DNA fingerprints. The results demonstrate that polymorphism is most prevalent when using the primer SCoT30 (100 percent) and least prevalent when using the primer SCoT54 (50 percent) (33.3). This study found that the genetic distance between Bushra and Warda was the lowest (0.1111) and the genetic distance between Fouton and the Special Pack was the highest (0.55583), but that the distance between the two was the smallest (0.1111). (Special pack and Cherry tomato). Through the use of cluster analysis (a phylogenetic tree), the examined genotypes were divided into two distinct groups. The goals of this research were to use SCoT to catalog the variety of tomato genotypes and to discover the connections between the various molecular fingerprinting-based clustering methods.
Effect of Planting Dates on Grain Yield and Qualitative Characteristics of Different Genotypes of Coarse Wheat, Triticum durum Desf L.
Authors: Al-Ziyadi Hanan Dakhel , Al-Taher Faisal Mihbes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA field experiment was carried out at the Warka extension farm affiliated to the Agricultural Extension Department in the Ministry of Agriculture (north of Muthanna) during the winter season 2022-2021 (15 km from the center) in order to know the effect of different planting dates on the qualitative characteristics and grain yield of several combinations of coarse wheat. The experiment was applied using the Split Plot Design method and using the complete sectors design (R.C.B.D) and with three replications. The four sowing dates (1/11, 10/11, 20/11 and 30/11) occupied the main plates, while the genotypes (G1133, G65 and G1105 and G1229 and the approved variety for comparison. bohoth-7) Secondary panels. Split Plots. The results showed that the first date D1 (1/11) outperformed the grain protein, specific weight and dry gluten, which averaged 14.100%, 79.83 kg/ha and 9.55%, respectively. While the second date D2 (10/11) outperformed the grain yield 4.54 tons/ha. In succession and the fourth date, D4 (30/11) was superior in wet gluten content, which amounted to 28.59%, while the local cultivar Buhouth-7 was superior in grain protein with an average of 13.633%, while the genotype G1229 was superior in specific weight and content of wet gluten and dry gluten, which averaged 80.83 kg/hectoliter, 28.80% and 9.600%.
Effect of Planting Dates on Yield Components and Qualitative Characteristics of Several Genotypes of Barley Hordeum vulgare L.
Authors: Al-Muhja Zahraa Ahmed , Al-Refai Shaimaa Ibraheem 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in one of the farms affiliated to the Department of Agricultural Extension / Ministry of Agriculture, in Muthanna Governorate / Warka District (25 km away from the governorate center), during the season (2021-2022) in order to study the effect of four planting dates (1, 10, 20, 30\November) on yield components and qualitative traits of a number of genotypes (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9) and Aba265 (G10) of barley crop. The experiment was applied using the design of completely randomized sectors according to split method With three replications, as the dates filled the main panels and the structures in the secondary panels, the results of the experiment showed: Most of the genotypes outperformed in both yield components and qualitative traits, as genotype G7 outperformed in the trait of number of spikes with an average of (610.3) spike m-2, and genotype G9 outperformed in the number of grains per spike with an average of (43.92) grains of spike m-1, Aba265 (G10) was superior in the trait of weight of one thousand grains with an average of (47.06) g, and for the character of the protein content in the grains, the genotypes G6, G1, G8, and G10 excelled without a significant difference between them with averages of (13.342, 13.225, 13.037 and 12.950)% Sequentially, the G1 genotype was superior to the specific weight and without a significant difference from the genotypes G2, G8, G6 and G3, where their averages reached (63.52, 63.47, 62.82, 62.58 and 62.40) kg hectoliter-1 respectively. The dates (30,20,1/November) were superior in the number of spikes, which were not significantly different from each other, with averages of (509.1, 506.2 and 496.3) spikes m-2, respectively, while the dates (20/11, 10/11 and 1 /11) In the trait of the number of grains in the spike and without a significant difference between them, with averages of (41.91, 41.90 and 40.40) grains of a spike-1 sequentially. The specific weight exceeded the date (1/11) with an average of (62.68) kg hectoliter-1.
Effect of Planting Date and Spraying with the Physiological Stimulant (Appetizer) on the Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum.L)
Authors: Al-Ubori Rafid , Al-Lami Ohood Ahmed Jasim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2022-2021 in the field experiments field of the College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University in the south of Babylon province, located at latitude 32.40 north and longitude 44.39 east. In order to study the effect of planting date and stages of spraying with the physiological stimulant Appetizer on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)), the experiment was conducted by arranging the split plots according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The planting dates included the main plot T1, a suitable first date on 15/11 and T2 a second late date on 15/12, while the subplot included spraying with the physiological stimulant (Appetizer) according to the stages of wheat growth within the Zadoks classification, which was given the symbols (A0 without spraying and A1 stage, The results showed that the date of 11/15 was significantly excelled in the studied traits for plant height 83.24 cm, spike length of 11.82 cm, area of flag leaf 38.09 cm 2, chlorophyll content of 71.98, and number of grains in spike 43.6. grain. Spike-1The number of spikes is 364. Spikes. m-2The grain yield is 3.84 tons. ha-1and the harvest index is 34.14%, As for the phases of spraying with the physiological stimulant Appetizer, they significantly excelled at the elongation and booting growth stage in the studied traits, including plant height 81.70 cm, spike length 11.80 cm, chlorophyll content 74.65, number of grains 48.9 grains, spike 1- and grain yield 4.17 tons. ha-1and a harvest index of 37.75%. As for the area of the flag leaf and the number of spikes, they significantly excelled at the stage of tillering and elongation, as their mean values reached 40.08 cm2and 368 spikes.m2respectively. As for the interaction between the planting dates and the phases of spraying with the physiological stimulant (Appetizer), it was significant in all the studied traits. The interaction between the date of 15/11 and the phases of spraying with the physiological stimulant at the elongation and booting stage gave the highest average plant height of 84.14 cm and spike length of 12.57 cm. the content of chlorophyll and the number of grains in the spike is 52.7 grains. spike-1and the grain yield is 4.66 tons. ha-1and the harvest index is 40.64%. As for the area of the flag leaf and the number of spikes, the interaction was significant between the date of 11/15 and the spraying phase when treated at tillering and elongation averaged 45.29 cm2and 381 spikes.m2sequentially.
Impact of Planting Date and Physiological Activator (Appetizer) Application on Quality and Quantity of Wheat Grains (Triticum aestivum.L)
Authors: Al-Lami Ohood Ahmed Jasim , Al-Ubori Rafid 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2022-2021 in the field experiments field of the College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University in the south of Babylon province, located at latitude 32.40 north and longitude 44.39 east. In order to study the effect of planting date and stages of spraying with the physiological stimulant Appetizer on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)), the experiment was conducted by arranging the split plots according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The planting dates included the main plot T1, a suitable first date on 15/11 and T2 a second late date on 15/12, while the subplot included spraying with the physiological stimulant (Appetizer) according to the stages of wheat growth within the Zadoks classification, which was given the symbols (A0 without spraying and A1 stage, The results showed that the date of 11/15 was significantly superior to the studied traits, where the number of spikelets in spike was 20.1 spikelets. spike -1 The number of grains in the spike is 43.6 grain. spike -1 The number of spikes is 364. The weight of 1000 grains is 36.26 g, and the grain yield is 3.84 tons. ha1-. The biological yield is 11.25 tons. ha-1 and the carbohydrate content is 73.29%, while the date of 15/12 is significantly excelled on trait of the protein content, as the average was 9.43% As for the phases of spraying with the physiological activator (Appetizer), they were significantly excelled at the elongation and booting stage in the studied traits, including the number of spikes of 20.6 spikes. Plant-1 The number of grains is 48.9 grains. spikes -1 and the weight of 1000 grains is 40.7 g. The grain yield is 4.17 tons. hectare 1- and a biological yield of 11.01 tons. ha -1 The protein content is 9.56% and the carbohydrate content is 77.03%. As for the number of spikes, the number of spikes was significantly excelled at the tillering stage g and elongation, where their average values reached 368 spikes.m2. As for the interaction between planting dates and the phases of spraying with the physiological activator (Appetizer) it was significant in all the studied traits, the interaction between the date of 15/11 and the stages of spraying with the physiological activator at the elongation and end stage gave the highest average number of spikelets in the spike of 20.8 spikelets. spike -1 The number of grains in the spike is 52.7 grains. spike 1- and the weight of 1000 grains is 42.42 g. The grain yield is 4.66 tons. ha-1 has a biological yield of 11.46 tons. ha-1 and the carbohydrate content is 77.76%. As for the number of spikes, the interaction was significant between the date of 15/11 and the spraying phase when treating the tillering and elongation, as the average was 381 spikes. It reached 9.65%.
Threshold and Degree Days for the Development of the Parlatoria blanchardi (Torgioni-tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
Authors: Al-Jbouri Mustafa A. , Hermize Feryal B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One economically significant insect on date palm plants is the Parlatoria blanchardi (Torgioni-tozzetti) (Hemiptera:Diaspididae). The developmental threshold (T0) for the embryonic development was calculated and was 12.04, according to the results of the threshold and Degree Days for the Development of the different stages in laboratory study. This is because the four detected values for egg rate of development at temperatures ranging from 20 to 35°C are a remarkable good fit to the measured temperature - velocity line, with the formula: y = 1.4158x - 17.052. Degree-days (DDs) were reported as the average thermal units required for the final stage of egg development. The data showed that the thermal units in degree-days were 63.68 at 20°C, 77.76 at 25°C, 71.84 at 30°C, and 68.88 at 35°C, with an average of 70.54. The results showed that the growth rate of Parlatoria blanchardi was decreased at 20°C compared to 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C, therefore a constant temperature between 30°C and 35°C is the effective temperature zone of optimal growth. The calculated developmental threshold (T0) for the 1st instar nymph of P. blanchardi was determined, where its value reached 10. °C. In the formula (y = 1.0386x - 10.389), we can see how the growth rate of P. blanchardi changes as a function of temperature. Using these temperatures as a starting point, the average DDs required for larval development were 130, 75, 100, and 100 at 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees Celsius, respectively. When applying the thermal summation equation (K = y), the average thermal units were 101.25 DDs (T – 10.0). According to the measured temperature-velocity line, formula, y = 1.4902x - 23.678, the estimated developmental threshold (T0) for P. blanchardi second instar nymph was found to be 15.89°C. Regarding a nymph in its second instar, the thermal units are 45.21 at 20 degrees Celsius, 72.88 at 25 degrees Celsius, 98.77 at 30 degrees Celsius, and 57.33 at 35 degrees Celsius. According to the thermal summation equation K = y, the average number of thermal units was 68.55 DDs (T – 15.89).
The Effect of Formone Traps and Their Integration with Chemical and Biopesticides in the Fight Against the Humera Bug Batrachedra Amydraula Meyrick on Date Palms
Authors: El-Falahy Mohamed Hamid Abd , Mansour Mohamed Shaker 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted during the 2021 season at the Fallujah palm plant to evaluate the effectiveness of some biopesticides Uphold Sc360, Benzostar %5 wDG (Emamectin benzoate) and Bio-T(Bacillus thurengiensis var. Kurestaki) and complement them with formone traps on the minor date moth Batrachedra amydraula and their effect on productive properties (taste weight/kg). The integration transaction between chemical and biopesticides and formone fisheries outperformed other transactions and recorded the highest homicide rate of, %84.626 while the other transactions varied with the homicide rate, 16,725 73,361, 64,441% and % 37.79 for trap transactions and integration with the pesticide Uphold and complete with the pesticide Benzostar respectively. The results showed that there are differences in the moral percentage of death resulting from the duration of exposure to the pesticide, where the killing rate after the duration of exposure of 14 days was the highest and amounted to, %7.457 while the moral percentage of homicide for the duration of exposure to the pesticide after 3 days was the lowest and recorded. %35.808. The pesticides used also clearly affected the productive characteristics of the palm with an moral taste weight (10.42 9.25, 9.92, 10.92, kg compared to the control treatment of 7.25 kg and the weight of the total yield of the transactions 99.75, 91.875, 102.375, 99.75, 105, 98.99, 105, 92.5, 5 92.625 and 109.25 kg compared to the control treatment which amounted to 79.75 kg.