bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of fractional laser alone or in combination on alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shen Yuqing , Sun Jiayi , Zhu Yuqi , Chen Yi , Hu Yebei , Luo Haixin , Song Xiuzu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is characterized by limited non‐scarring patchy alopecia, which appears as round or oval patches and is prone to recurrence, causing severe psychological burdens to patients. No specific device has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of baldness, but new treatments are being investigated and treatments such as the excimer laser, He‐ Ne laser, and excimer lamp have been proposed. A growing number of studies have found that fractional lasers also have great potential in the treatment of AA.MethodsA literature search and meta‐analysis using Review Manager 5.4 software to investigate the efficacy of fractional laser treatment for AA.ResultsFractional laser combined with minoxidil (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17–1.49, p < 0.00001) or cortisol (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15–1.67, p = 0.00006) was more effective than either drug alone in the treatment of AA. Of course, the fractional laser alone was also effective in the treatment of AA (RR 10.33, 95% CI 2.07–51.36, p = 0.004) and more effective than cortisol alone (RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.36–2.52, p < 0.00001), and there was no effect on the occurrence of adverse effects (p = 0.49 > 0.05). When compared to other physical treatments of a comparable kind, fractional laser therapy's effectiveness was not significantly different (p = 0.15 > 0.05).ConclusionOur results show that the use of fractional lasers can effectively treat alopecia areata.
Efficacy and safety of Politranexamide® liposomal emulsion on facial melasma: A comparative study
Authors: Manfreda Valeria , Eleonora Di Matteo , Luca Bianchi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionMelasma is a human melanogenesis dysfunction that results in localized, chronic acquired hypermelanosis of the skin difficult to treat.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, single‐blind, study aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a liposomal emulsion based on Politranexamide® (SAMPLE A) with that of a competitor based on acetylglucosamine, ethyl linoleate and phenyl ethyl resorcinol (SAMPLE B) in patients affected by facial melasma on 26 patients. Disease severity was assessed by the Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of therapy. All patients were subjected to photo documentation using DermaView camera and Antera 3D camera.ResultsThe mean MASI score at baseline was 10.93 ± 7 in the group A and 9.34 ± 6.29 in the group B, respectively. A significant decrease in MASI score from baseline was noted in both treatment groups as early as 6 weeks of follow‐up (p = 0.00096 for SAMPLE A and p = 0.0049 for SAMPLE B) and was confirmed at the end of the treatment (p = 0.0006 for SAMPLE A and p = 0.00039 for SAMPLE B). Intergroup comparison revealed a greater improvement of melasma among patients in group A compared to those in group B that was quite statistically significant at weeks 6 (p = 0.055009) and significant after 12 weeks of follow‐up (p = 0.032942). Both treatment groups experienced an improvement in Antera average level of melanin.ConclusionOur results suggested Politranexamide® to be a useful and safe therapeutic option in treating melasma, more effective than competitor used in this study.
Nursing adherence, barriers and facilitators to conduct post‐stroke dysphagia screening and assessment: A study based on theoretical domain framework
Authors: Guo Yuanli , Guo Lina , Dong Xiaofang , Yang Caixia , Wang Min , Gao Huanhuan , Lv Peihua , Ma Keke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are an increasing number of evidence‐based recommendations for managing dysphagia in post‐stroke patients. However, it is unclear whether nurses adopt these recommendations in their daily nursing practices.AimsThis study aimed to explore nurses' adherence, barriers, facilitators and views on dysphagia screening and assessment of post‐stroke dysphagia.MethodsIn this study, multiple methods were adopted. In Phase 1, a general information questionnaire and a knowledge‐attitude‐practice and barriers/facilitators questionnaire for dysphagia screening and assessment were distributed in 55 hospitals online. In Phase 2, semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore nurses' views on barriers. Descriptive and one‐way variance analyses were used to analyse the quantitative data, while content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. This study adheres to STROBE and COREQ guidelines.ResultsNine hundred and forty‐two completed questionnaires were collected. Only 36.52% of the nurses screened for swallow function in patients as a guideline. The biggest barrier was ‘memory, attention and decision process’, with an average score of 3.22 (.74). The different stages of implementation had various types and degrees of barriers (p < .001). Five themes were extracted after interviews, namely ‘Inadequate environment and resource support’, ‘Increased workload’, ‘Professional value perception’, ‘Organisational culture’, and ‘Poor knowledge and skill’.ConclusionsNurses' practice of dysphagia screening and assessment of patients with dysphagia after stroke were inadequate, and the barriers originated from patients, leadership and the nurses themselves.Relevance to clinical practiceThis research extracted five barriers of guidance adherence for post‐stroke dysphagia screening and assessment and identified the different kinds and degrees of barriers in five implementation stages, providing a basis for nursing managers to break through the bottleneck of guideline implementation.Patient or public contributionThe nurses recruited in this study completed validated questionnaires in the survey and suggestive answers in interviews.
Body mass predicts personality development across 18 years in middle to older adulthood
Authors: Arumäe Kadri , Mõttus René , Vainik Uku 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveVarious personality traits have longitudinal relations with body mass index (BMI), a measure of body weight and a risk factor for numerous health concerns. We tested these associations' compatibility with causality in either direction.MethodUsing three waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (N = 12,235, Mage = 53.33 at baseline), we tested how accurately the Five‐Factor Model personality domains and their items could collectively predict BMI and change in it with elastic net models. With multilevel models, we tested (a) bidirectional and (b) within‐person associations between BMI and personality traits.ResultsThe five domains were able to predict concurrent (r = 0.08), but not future BMI. Twenty‐nine personality items predicted concurrent and future BMI at r = 0.21 and r = 0.16 to 0.25, respectively. Neither the domains nor items could collectively predict change in BMI. Similarly, no individual trait predicted change in BMI, but BMI predicted changes in Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and several items (|b*| = 0.03 to 0.08). BMI had within‐person correlations with these same traits; time‐invariant third factors like genetics or childhood environments therefore could not (fully) account for their relations.ConclusionsBody weight may contribute to adults' personality development, but the reverse appears less likely.
Exploitation of the host exocyst complex by bacterial pathogens
Authors: Ireton Keith , Gyanwali Gaurav Chandra , Herath Thilina U. B. , Lee Nicole 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntracellular bacterial pathogens remodel the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells in order to establish infection. A common and well‐studied mechanism of plasma membrane remodelling involves bacterial stimulation of polymerization of the host actin cytoskeleton. Here, we discuss recent results showing that several bacterial pathogens also exploit the host vesicular trafficking pathway of ‘polarized exocytosis’ to expand and reshape specific regions in the plasma membrane during infection. Polarized exocytosis is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved octameric protein complex termed the exocyst. We describe examples in which the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri co‐opt the exocyst to promote internalization into human cells or intercellular spread within host tissues. We also discuss results showing that Legionella pneumophila or S. flexneri manipulate exocyst components to modify membrane vacuoles to favour intracellular replication or motility of bacteria. Finally, we propose potential ways that pathogens manipulate exocyst function, discuss how polarized exocytosis might promote infection and highlight the importance of future studies to determine how actin polymerization and polarized exocytosis are coordinated to achieve optimal bacterial infection.
Cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA linked to nutrient sensor TORC signaling controls root hair growth at low temperature linked to low nitrate in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Pacheco Javier Martínez , Song Limei , Kuběnová Lenka , Ovečka Miroslav , Berdion Gabarain Victoria , Peralta Juan Manuel , Lehuedé Tomás Urzúa , Ibeas Miguel Angel , Ricardi Martiniano M. , Zhu Sirui , Shen Yanan , Schepetilnikov Mikhail , Ryabova Lyubov A. , Alvarez José M. , Gutierrez Rodrigo A. , Grossmann Guido , Šamaj Jozef , Yu Feng , Estevez José M. 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Root hairs (RH) are excellent model systems for studying cell size and polarity since they elongate several hundred‐fold their original size. Their tip growth is determined both by intrinsic and environmental signals. Although nutrient availability and temperature are key factors for a sustained plant growth, the molecular mechanisms underlying their sensing and downstream signaling pathways remain unclear.

We use genetics to address the roles of the cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) and the nutrient sensing TOR Complex 1 (TORC) in RH growth.

We identified that low temperature (10°C) triggers a strong RH elongation response in Arabidopsis thaliana involving FER and TORC. We found that FER is required to perceive limited nutrient availability caused by low temperature. FERONIA interacts with and activates TORC‐downstream components to trigger RH growth. In addition, the small GTPase Rho of plants 2 (ROP2) is also involved in this RH growth response linking FER and TOR. We also found that limited nitrogen nutrient availability can mimic the RH growth response at 10°C in a NRT1.1‐dependent manner.

These results uncover a molecular mechanism by which a central hub composed by FER‐ROP2‐TORC is involved in the control of RH elongation under low temperature and nitrogen deficiency.
Foundationalism and empirical reason: On the rational significance of observation
Authors: Gupta Anil 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA foundationalist account of our empirical thinking divides propositions we accept into two classes, basic and derivative, and sees the warrant of derivative propositions as accruing to them through their derivation from basic propositions. Such an account needs to answer two questions: which propositions are basic, and whence do basic propositions acquire their warrant? A natural and ancient answer to these questions is that basic propositions are observational and that these propositions gain their warrant from perceptions. I critically examine this view and also a variant view offered by Wilfrid Sellars. I put forward an alternative conception, dialectical foundationalism, that sees the distinction between the basic and the derivative as issuing from a distinction between two kinds of reasoning, derivational and dialectical. This type of foundationalism provides a more accurate account of our empirical thinking, I argue, than its traditional and Sellarsian counterparts.
Framing the climate crisis: Dread and fatalism in media and interest group responses to IPCC reports
Authors: Merry Melissa K. , Mattingly Hailey 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile UN reports indicate increasingly dire consequences of climate change, the political will to initiate rapid decarbonization is lacking, as nations fail to meet targets set by international agreements. Given these developments, this paper investigates the role of climate dread and fatalism in the discourse about climate science. We examine the treatment of fatalism in major theories of the policy process, noting that climate policy represents a relatively novel situation—in which a problem once deemed solvable is being redefined as an issue outside the realm of human control. Using automated content analysis, we examine how journalists and interest groups framed reports issued by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) from 2013 to 2022. We find limited changes in the tone and content of news stories and environmental groups' statements, and we suggest that these findings reflect under‐reaction of the political system to new information.
Diagenesis, compaction strain and deformation associated with chert and carbonate concretions in organic‐rich marl and phosphorite; Upper Cretaceous to Eocene, Jordan
Authors: Abu‐Mahfouz Israa S. , Cartwright Joe A. , Powell John H. , Abu‐Mahfouz Mohammad S. , Podlaha Olaf G. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an integrated petrographic–geochemical–geomechanical study of the growth mechanisms of carbonate and chert concretions observed at outcrop and core from the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene organic‐rich carbonate mudrocks, central Jordan. It provides evidence for displacive and replacive concretion growth from the analysis of primary lithological characteristics, compaction strain and deformation structures associated with concretion growth. Concretions were analysed to determine the primary lithological controls on their development and the measurement of strain in the host rock to develop a method for constraining the growth mode and their paragenesis. Concretions exhibit either a replacive or displacive growth mode largely dependent on the original host lithology. Displacive concretions exhibit irregular shapes and semi‐fibrous internal structures in contrast to regular shapes and microcrystalline textures observed for replacive concretions. Cement fraction is high in both carbonate concretion types, indicating early formation in high‐porosity sediments at shallow burial depths. The strain field around displacive concretions is vertically asymmetrical. Conversely, it is symmetrical with uniform differential compaction for the replacive concretions. Evidence for displacive growth comes from triangular areas of chert at the lateral margins of some carbonate concretions, interpreted as areas of reduced strain. Another indicator is the forced asymmetrical folding of heterolithic host rocks around displacive concretions, with displacive carbonate units separated by trace laminae of the original (chert) beds. Enveloping chert beds exhibit early‐formed radial silica fractures with increased aperture size in the areas of maximum curvature. Carbon isotopic signatures of carbonate concretions show a strong correlation between concretion centres and host rock, suggesting a relatively shallow depth (first few tens of metres) of initial growth. Carbonate concretions are interpreted to have formed at shallow depths in the presence of alkaline pore waters rich in dissolved organic carbon in the presence of Mg2+ ions, available organic matter and redox‐sensitive metals such as U and Mo. A paragenetic history for the different concretion types is presented.
The political and cultural inclusion of intra‐state ethnic minorities in Ethiopia: The case of the Qimant of Amhara state
Authors: Ayele Zemelak Ayitenew , Addisu Sisay Mengistie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConflicts between the Qimant community – an intra‐state minority ethnic group endogenous to Amhara state in the Ethiopian federation – and the state’s special police forces have caused hundreds of deaths and the internal displacement of close to 50,000 people. Linked to these conflicts are the Qimants’ demands for recognition as a distinct ethnic community and the establishment of local government in the territories they inhabit; demands which have not received a satisfactory response from the federal or Amhara state government and which officials view with disdain. The situation raises several questions. Do the federal and regional‐state constitutions provide the necessary framework for accommodating intra‐state ethnic minorities such as the Qimant? If they do, why have the two levels of government failed to resolve the Qimant issue peacefully? What institutional mechanisms could they have used to satisfy the demands of the Qimant community? This article seeks to answer these and related questions.
Conditions for Use and Implementation of Globally-Aligned Versus Local Baseplate Coordinate Systems When Computing Migration Using Radiostereometric Analysis
Authors: Niesen Abigail E. , Kaptein Bart L. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRadiostereometric analysis can be used for computing movement of a tibial baseplate relative to the tibia (termed migration) to determine stability of fixation. Quantifying migration in six degrees of freedom requires establishing a coordinate system in which to express the movement. Establishing consistent migration directions among patients and baseplate designs remains challenging. Deviations in imaging alignment (tibia/baseplate alignment during image acquisition) and surgical alignment (baseplate alignment on tibia) will affect computed migrations when using the conventional globally-aligned baseplate coordinate system (BCS) (defined by calibration box). Computing migration using a local BCS (defined by baseplate) may be preferrable. This paper (1) summarizes the migration equations when using a globally-aligned versus local BCS, (2) proposes a method for defining a local BCS, and (3) demonstrates differences in the two BCSs for an example patient whose baseplate has rotational deviations due to imaging or surgical alignments. Differences in migration for the two BCSs ranged from about ±0.5 mm in translations and −0.4 deg to 0.7 deg in rotations. Differences were largest for deviations in internal-external rotation and smallest for deviations in varus-valgus rotation. An example demonstrated that the globally-aligned BCS resulted in migration being quantified as subsidence instead of liftoff, thereby changing fundamental interpretations. Because migrations computed using a local BCS are independent of imaging and surgical alignments and instead characterize migration using baseplate features, a local BCS enhances consistency in migration directions among patients and baseplate designs relative to the interface in which fixation may be compromised.
Ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks is more accurate and reliable than board-certified ophthalmologists at detecting multiple diseases in retinal fundus photographs
Authors: Pandey Prashant U , Ballios Brian G , Christakis Panos G , Kaplan Alexander J , Mathew David J , Ong Tone Stephan , Wan Michael J , Micieli Jonathan A , Wong Jovi C Y 
Published: January 2023

AimsTo develop an algorithm to classify multiple retinal pathologies accurately and reliably from fundus photographs and to validate its performance against human experts.MethodsWe trained a deep convolutional ensemble (DCE), an ensemble of five convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to classify retinal fundus photographs into diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and normal eyes. The CNN architecture was based on the InceptionV3 model, and initial weights were pretrained on the ImageNet dataset. We used 43 055 fundus images from 12 public datasets. Five trained ensembles were then tested on an ‘unseen’ set of 100 images. Seven board-certified ophthalmologists were asked to classify these test images.ResultsBoard-certified ophthalmologists achieved a mean accuracy of 72.7% over all classes, while the DCE achieved a mean accuracy of 79.2% (p=0.03). The DCE had a statistically significant higher mean F1-score for DR classification compared with the ophthalmologists (76.8% vs 57.5%; p=0.01) and greater but statistically non-significant mean F1-scores for glaucoma (83.9% vs 75.7%; p=0.10), AMD (85.9% vs 85.2%; p=0.69) and normal eyes (73.0% vs 70.5%; p=0.39). The DCE had a greater mean agreement between accuracy and confident of 81.6% vs 70.3% (p<0.001).DiscussionWe developed a deep learning model and found that it could more accurately and reliably classify four categories of fundus images compared with board-certified ophthalmologists. This work provides proof-of-principle that an algorithm is capable of accurate and reliable recognition of multiple retinal diseases using only fundus photographs.
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among prisoners in Kaliti Federal Prison in Ethiopia: a facility based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mengesha Tariku , Bedaso Asres , Berhanu Eyoel , Yesuf Aman , Duko Bereket 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis study intended to examine the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among inmates in Kaliti Prison Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 694 randomly selected inmates in Kaliti Federal Prison in Ethiopia. The depressive symptom was examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify correlates of depressive symptoms. A p value <0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance, and an adjusted OR (AOR) with the corresponding 95% CI was computed to determine the strength of association. Data were analysed using SPSS V.20.ResultThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among prisoners in the current study was 56.6% (95% CI 53.2 to 60.8). Poor social support (AOR: 3.33, 95% CI 2.03 to 5.458), personal history of mental illness (AOR=3.16, 95% CI 1.62 to 6.14), physical abuse (AOR=2.31, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.78) and comorbid chronic medical illness (AOR=3.47, 95% CI 2.09 to 5.74) were independent correlates of depressive symptoms.ConclusionOur study shows that around one in two prisoners screened positive for depressive symptoms. There should be a regular screening of depressive symptoms for prisoners, and those screened positive should be linked to proper psychiatric service for early diagnosis and treatment.