bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuer deutschsprachiger Fragebogen zur standardisierten Erfassung von Muskel-Skelett-Beschwerden im Betrieb
Authors: Liebers Falk , Freyer Marion , Dulon Madeleine , Freitag Sonja , Michaelis Martina , Latza Ute , Hegewald Janice 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die standardisierte Erfassung von Muskel-Skelett-Beschwerden (MSB) ist wichtig für die valide Beschreibung der Auswirkungen körperlicher Belastungen im Beruf. Dazu wurde eine neue Fragebogenversion (NFB*MSB) basierend auf dem Original von Kuorinka et al. (1987) entwickelt. Das Instrument erfasst die 12-Monats- und 4‑Wochen-Prävalenz von MSB und Funktionseinschränkungen. Anliegen war die Bewertung der Praktikabilität des Fragebogens, der Antwortstabilität (Test-Retest-Reliabilität) und der Inhaltsvalidität.

Methodik
Der Fragebogen wurde zu 2 Messzeitpunkten postalisch an eine Gelegenheitsstichprobe verschickt. Die Datenauswertung der Einzelitems erfolgte deskriptiv. Die Test-Retest-Reliabilität wurde über den Intraklassenkoeffizienten (ICC) bewertet. Die inhaltliche Validierung erfolgte qualitativ über eine schriftliche Bewertung durch Expertinnen und Experten.

Ergebnisse
Es beteiligten sich 83 Personen, davon 80 an der Zweitbefragung. Die Ausfülldauer lag bei 5 bis 30 min. Die Befragten bewerteten den Fragebogen als verständlich, übersichtlich und im Umfang akzeptabel. Der ICC war je nach Körperregion moderat bis exzellent (0,67–0,89). Die Bewertung durch Expertinnen und Experten war insgesamt positiv. Die Auswahl, die Bezeichnung und Markierung der Körperregionen sowie die Items zur 12-Monats- und 4‑Wochen-Prävalenz wurden bestätigt. Die Erfassung der 7‑Tage-Prävalenz wurde empfohlen. Die Ergebnisse der Erprobung wurden in einer angepassten Version des Fragebogens (FB*MSB) berücksichtigt.

Diskussion
Der Fragebogen erfüllt die Erwartungen in Bezug auf Praktikabilität, Antwortstabilität und Inhaltsvalidität. Er steht für Erhebungen in Betrieben und die arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge zur Verfügung. Weitere Überprüfungen des Instruments in repräsentativen Stichproben sollten folgen.
Preliminary experimental study on simultaneous polishing and shape setting of Nitinol wire
Authors: Navickaitė Kristina , Nestler Klaus , Penzel Michael , Böttger-Hiller Falko , Zeidler Henning 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeparate processes for shape setting and polishing of Nitinol workpieces are well investigated in scientific literature and adopted industrially. However, a simultaneous process for shape setting and polishing of Nitinol has not yet been reported. In this study, preliminary results of such process are presented, providing insights and directions for further research on post-processing shape memory materials. For this purpose, Nitinol wire samples with phase transformation temperatures Af = 4.5 °C, Af = 31 °C and Af = 61 °C were plasma electrolytic polished (PEP) while fitted in a specially designed sample holder at three electrolyte temperatures te = 50 °C, te = 65 °C and te = 80 °C. The PEP process duration was τPEP = 60 s, τPEP = 180 s and τPEP = 300 s. After the PEP processes, the samples were investigated for the shape memory effect (SME). The training effect, known to be present in shape memory alloys (SMA), was taken into account. The surface roughness of the investigated wires was measured before and after the PEP process. The obtained results demonstrate that both a phase transformation temperature and an electrolyte temperature have a strong effect on polishing and shape setting results.
Trans (legal) parenthood and the gender of legal parenthood
Authors: Brown Alan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTrans identities are increasingly subjected to contentious public and political debate in the UK, and this has resulted in resource to the law across various contexts. Against that background, this paper considers trans legal parenthood after the decision in R (McConnell and YY) v Registrar General for England and Wales. This judgment held that a trans man who gave birth was the legal ‘mother’ of his child. The wider consequence is that trans legal parenthood will not reflect trans identities, but birth-assigned sex/gender, regardless of whether the parent holds a gender recognition certificate. Separate from this underlying social and political context concerning trans identities, the paper argues that legal parenthood is a flexible and pragmatic concept, which lacks inherent normative content, and which has previously proved capable of accommodating a variety of different familial and reproductive circumstances. The paper argues that the gendered descriptors of ‘mother’ and ‘father’, while remaining the law's default, are not inherent to legal parenthood. Thus, the paper concludes that, despite the ongoing political and cultural debates concerning trans identities, the existing concept of legal parenthood is capable of properly recognising trans parenthood, without requiring any fundamental changes to the concept itself.
Legal sex status: the attitudes of non-binary people towards reform in England and Wales
Authors: Gascoigne Mollie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe merits and means of accommodating non-binary populations into UK law is becoming an increasingly important issue for policymakers, judges, scholars and legal professionals. Following Elan-Cane's Supreme Court challenge to binary passport sex markers in 2021, the UK Government face another challenge this year concerning non-binary recognition on birth certificates. While an additional third sex option is perhaps the most well-known reform option for the current binary system, other options have been suggested, including additional multiple sex options and/or removing sex from the birth certificate. While scholars and policymakers debate the merits of these, little is known about non-binary people's own preferences towards these options. This paper therefore presents original empirical data on non-binary attitudes towards these options, demonstrating the various perceived opportunities and drawbacks of each, and reflecting on the possible consequences of reform.
Expression profile and function analysis of MsCSP17 and MsCSP18 in the larval development of Mythimna separata
Authors: Chen Tingting , Zhou Xue , Wu Jing , Xing Gaoliang , Cao Haiqun , Huang Yong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChemosensory proteins (CSPs) were necessary for insect sensory system to perform important processes such as feeding, mating, spawning, and avoiding natural enemies. However, their functions in non-olfactory organs have been poorly studied. To clarify the function of CSPs in the development of Mythimna separata (Walker) larvae, two CSP genes, MsCSP17 and MsCSP18, were identified from larval integument transcriptome dataset. Both of MsCSP17 and MsCSP18 contained four conserved cysteine sites (C × (6)-C × (18)-C × (2)-C), with a signal peptide at the N-terminal. RT-qPCR analysis showed that MsCSP17 and MsCSP18 have different expression patterns among different developmental stages and tissues. MsCSP17 was highly expressed in 1st–4th instar larvae, and MsCSP18 had high expression in adults. Both genes were expressed highly in larval head, thorax, integument and mandible. Moreover, both of MsCSP17 and MsCSP18 were lowly expressed in larval integuments when larvae molted for 6 h and 9 h from 3rd to 4th instar, but highly at the beginning and end phase during molting. After injection of dsMsCSP17 and dsMsCSP18, the expression levels of two genes decreased significantly, with the body weight of larvae decreased, the mortality increased, and the eclosion rate decreased. It was suggested that MsCSP17 and MsCSP18 contributed to the development of M. separata larvae.
Closing cases with open-source: Facilitating the use of user-generated open-source evidence in international criminal investigations through the creation of a standing investigative mechanism
Authors: White Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDigital open-source evidence has become ubiquitous in the context of modern conflicts, leading to an evolution in investigative practices within the context of mass atrocity crimes and international criminal law. Despite its extensive promulgation, international criminal tribunals have had few opportunities to address the admissibility of user-generated open-source evidence. Through semi-structured interviews with experts and analyses of primary and secondary sources, this article examines the current standards and practices governing the use of user-generated open-source evidence. Current practices illuminate a number of gaps in the realm of digital open-source evidence in international criminal law. This article posits the establishment of a standing international, investigative mechanism as a solution to a need for increased standardization and co-ordination within the realm of user-generated open-source evidence. By standardizing the collection and use of such evidence, investigative bodies will be prepared to more effectively serve the international justice community.
A 24-year longitudinal study of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with bacteraemia and urinary tract infections reveals the association between capsular serotypes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence gene distribution
Authors: Kao Cheng-Yen , Zhang Yen-Zhen , Bregente Carl Jay Ballena , Kuo Pei-Yun , Chen Pek Kee , Chao Jo-Yen , Duong Tran Thi Thuy , Wang Ming-Cheng , Thuy Tran Thi Dieu , Hidrosollo Jazon Harl , Tsai Pei-Fang , Li Ying-Chi , Lin Wei-Hung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Longitudinal studies on the variations of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae across two decades are rare. We aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factors for K. pneumoniae isolated from patients with bacteraemia or urinary tract infection (UTI) from 1999 to 2022. A total of 699 and 1,267 K. pneumoniae isolates were isolated from bacteraemia and UTI patients, respectively, and their susceptibility to twenty antibiotics was determined; PCR was used to identify capsular serotypes and virulence-associated genes. K64 and K1 serotypes were most frequently observed in UTI and bacteraemia, respectively, with an increasing frequency of K20, K47, and K64 observed in recent years. entB and wabG predominated across all isolates and serotypes; the least frequent virulence gene was htrA. Most isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, amikacin, tigecycline, and colistin, with the exception of K20, K47, and K64 where resistance was widespread. The highest average number of virulence genes was observed in K1, followed by K2, K20, and K5 isolates, which suggest their contribution to the high virulence of K1. In conclusion, we found that the distribution of antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles, and capsular types of K. pneumoniae over two decades were associated with their clinical source.
Recovery from economic disasters
Authors: Ćorić Bruno , Škrabić Perić Blanka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study uses two large datasets to explore the output dynamics following economic disasters, one including 180 economic disasters across 38 countries over the last two centuries and the other including 204 disasters in 182 countries since World War II. Our results suggest that extreme economic crises are associated with huge and remarkably persistent loss. On average, output loss surges to above 26% in the first few years after the outbreak of a disaster and remains above 20% for as long as 20 years. It is only after more than 50 years that the loss is fully recovered.
Technological Solutions to China's Carbon Neutrality in the Steel and Cement Sectors
Authors: Chen Peipei , Zhang Shaohui , Meng Jing , Lei Tianyang , Li Boxi , Coffman D’Maris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChina has set Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and carbon neutrality targets without providing expected industry‐specific technological details. By focusing on the steel and cement industries in China, this study analyzes the energy consumption of different technology routes, decarbonization pathways of innovative technologies, and the synergistic impact of air pollutants. The study finds that the incumbent technology routes for steel and cement production have limited carbon reductions, and the deployment of innovative technologies (carbon capture, utilization, and storage [CCUS], electrolytic‐ and hydrogen‐based, and scrap‐based technologies) need to be accelerated to achieve carbon neutrality targets. We find that the net‐zero emissions pathway relying upon innovative technologies needs less investment than the NDCs scenario. Furthermore, electric arc furnace deployment will be mainly concentrated in Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Sichuan, while CCUS should be mainly in Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, and Jiangsu provinces. The increased electrification of innovative technologies in steel and cement requires a shift in energy inputs from fossil energy to electricity. A combination of strict climate change mitigation and air pollution control will have higher synergistic effects.
Multiscale Spatial Patterns in Giant Dike Swarms Identified Through Objective Feature Extraction
Authors: Kubo Hutchison A. , Karlstrom L. , Mittal T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDike swarms are ubiquitous on terrestrial planets and represent the frozen remnants of magma transport networks. However, spatial complexity, protracted emplacement history, and uneven surface exposure typically make it difficult to quantify patterns in dike swarms on different scales. In this study, we address this challenge using the Hough transform (HT) to objectively link dissected dike segments and analyze multiscale spatial structure in dike swarms. We apply this method to swarms of three scales: the Spanish Peaks, USA; the Columbia River Flood Basalt Group (CRBG), USA; the Deccan Traps Flood Basalts, India. First, we cluster dike segments in HT space, recognizing prevalent linearly aligned structures that represent single dikes or dike packets, with lengths up to 10 − 30x the mapped mean segment length. Second, we identify colinear and radial dike segment mesoscale structures within each data set, using the HT to segment swarms into constituent spatial patterns. We show that for both the CRBG and Deccan Traps, a single radial or circumferential swarm does not well characterize the data. Instead, multiple and sometimes overlapping mesoscale linear and radial features are prevalent suggesting a complex history of crustal stresses. The HT can provide useful insights in a variety of geologic settings where many quasi‐linear features, at any scale, are superimposed spatially.
Size‐Dependent Nighttime Formation of Particulate Secondary Organic Nitrates in Urban Air
Authors: Huang Wei , Huang Ru‐Jin , Duan Jing , Lin Chunshui , Zhong Haobin , Xu Wei , Gu Yifang , Ni Haiyan , Chang Yunhua , Wang Xuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParticulate secondary organic nitrates play a key role in understanding secondary organic aerosol production, ozone formation, and the atmospheric nitrogen cycle. However, the formation of particulate secondary organic nitrates in ambient air remains poorly understood. In this study, the nighttime formation processes of particulate secondary organic nitrates were investigated based on size‐resolved aerosols measured in urban air of China with a soot particle long‐time‐of‐flight aerosol mass spectrometer. The results show a bimodal size distribution of particulate secondary organic nitrates, peaking at ∼350 nm in condensation mode (100–400 nm) and ∼750 nm in droplet mode (400–2,500 nm), respectively. The nighttime formation processes of particulate secondary organic nitrates in the two size modes were respectively governed by temperature‐dependent condensation and aqueous‐phase processing. In particular, the mass concentration of particulate secondary organic nitrates in condensation mode was positively correlated with nitrate radical production and negatively correlated with temperature, suggesting that the formation processes were associated with the gas‐particle conversion of nitrate radical oxidation products. In contrast, the enhanced particulate secondary organic nitrates in droplet mode were predominantly contributed by aqueous‐phase processing, as indicated by the strong positive correlation with aerosol liquid water content and typical fragment ions from aqueous processing products (r = 0.52–0.59, P < 0.01). Our results highlight the potential of a size‐dependent mechanism to elucidate the formation processes of particulate secondary organic nitrates.
Observational Constraint on the Contributions of Greenhouse Gas Emission and Anthropogenic Aerosol Removal to Tibetan Plateau Future Warming
Authors: Jiang Jie , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA decline of anthropogenic aerosol (AA) emission is expected worldwide over the coming decades. But the climate effects of aerosol removal and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission at regional scale are poorly distinguished and constrained. Taking the Tibetan Plateau (TP) as an instance, analyses of the state‐of‐the‐art climate models participating in the Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project imply that while the observed warming from 1961 to 2020 is predominantly attributed to GHG emission, the future temperature rise will be influenced by the combined effects of persistent increase in GHG concentration and reduction of AA emission. Here, we develop a new constraint method considering the changed contribution of AA forcing. Constrained by detected individual external forcings, the joint contributions of GHG (1.74°C) and AA forcings (0.10°C) will lead to a warming around 1.85°C over the TP during mid‐century (2041–2060) relative to 1995–2014 under SSP2‐4.5 scenario, which is 0.44°C cooler than the raw projection.
The Effect of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry on the Stable Isotope Composition of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Other Cibicidoides Species
Authors: Nederbragt Alexandra J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe δ13C composition of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and other Cibicidoides spp is an important tool to reconstruct past changes in the deep ocean carbon cycle. The species are expected to match the δ13C of ambient dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), although it has been recognized that substantial offsets can occur. Here, I present a compilation of modern δ13C and δ18O data for named Cibicidoides species in combination with fully resolved carbonate chemistry at each core location. The data show for C. wuellerstorfi that the offset from the expected value in both carbon (∆13C) and oxygen (∆18O) is correlated with seawater carbonate chemistry. The result is comparable to, but not identical with, published culture experiments in which marine organisms were grown under variable pH‐conditions. Overall, ∆13C in C. wuellerstorfi correlates positively with carbonate saturation, [DIC], and temperature. The three variables together explain 47.1% of the variation in ∆13C. The trend for ∆18O is similar, except that the effect of temperature has been removed through correction with a published δ18O‐temperature equation. Up to 35% of the remaining variation in ∆18O can be explained by ambient carbonate chemistry. Data for other named Cibicidoides species are broadly similar, but are too sparse for a detailed analysis. The results indicate that strongly negative ∆13C occurs predominantly in the deep Atlantic in response to a combination of low [DIC], low temperature, and undersaturation within the lysocline. Implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions are discussed.
Age-related cytokine imbalance in the thymus in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Authors: Qu Dong , Preuss Vanessa , Hagemeier Lars , Radomsky Lena , Beushausen Kerstin , Keil Jana , Nora Schaumann , Vennemann Benedikt , Falk Christine S. , Klintschar Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been considered to be triggered by a combination of underlying immune dysregulation and infections. The thymus is a crucial lymphatic organ responsible for T cell development in infancy. We hypothesized that an altered thymic immune status may be detectable by intrathymic cytokine profiling in SIDS.

Methods
27 cytokines in protein lysates of thymus tissue and thymus weights were assessed in 26 SIDS cases and 16 infants who died of other reasons.

Results
Seventeen out of 27 cytokines were increased in thymic tissue of SIDS compared to controls without infections, and the most significant discrepancy was in infants younger than 20 weeks. The thymic cytokine profiles in SIDS cases were similar to those in controls with severe infection; however, the magnitude of the cytokine concentration elevation in SIDS was less pronounced, indicating sub-clinical infections in SIDS. In contrast to SIDS, intrathymic cytokine concentrations and thymus weight were increased with age in control children.

Conclusions
Elevated thymic cytokine expression and thymus weight, as well as impaired age-related alterations in SIDS, may be influenced by subclinical infection, which may play a role in initiating SIDS in infants with a compromised immune response.

Impact Statement

Increased thymic weight and cytokine concentration may suggest possible subclinical infection in SIDS.

Elevated thymic weight and cytokine concentration mainly in SIDS cases aged <20 weeks.

Age-related impairment in the thymic weight and cytokine expression may be impaired by subclinical infection in SIDS.
Application of next-generation imaging in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Moul Judd W. , Shore Neal D. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Czernin Johannes , King Martin T. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Biochemical recurrence (BCR) following primary interventional treatment occurs in approximately one-third of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Next-generation imaging (NGI) can identify local and metastatic recurrence with greater sensitivity than conventional imaging, potentially allowing for more effective interventions. This narrative review examines the current clinical evidence on the utility of NGI for patients with BCR.

Methods
A search of PubMed was conducted to identify relevant publications on NGI applied to BCR. Given other relevant recent reviews on the topic, this review focused on papers published between January 2018 to May 2023.

Results
NGI technologies, including positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, have demonstrated increased sensitivity and selectivity for diagnosing BCR at prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations <2.0 ng/ml. Detection rates range between 46% and 50%, with decreasing PSA levels for choline (1–3 ng/ml), fluciclovine (0.5–1 ng/ml), and prostate-specific membrane antigen (0.2–0.49 ng/ml) PET radiotracers. Expert working groups and European and US medical societies recommend NGI for patients with BCR.

Conclusions
Available data support the improved detection performance and selectivity of NGI modalities versus conventional imaging techniques; however, limited clinical evidence exists demonstrating the application of NGI to treatment decision-making and its impact on patient outcomes. The emergence of NGI and displacement of conventional imaging may require a reexamination of the current definitions of BCR, altering our understanding of early recurrence. Redefining the BCR disease state by formalizing the role of NGI in patient management decisions will facilitate greater alignment across research efforts and better reflect the published literature.