bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENDERED SLINGS AND ARROWS
Authors: Donald Athene 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Women leave the scientific profession at greater rates than men at every stage, something often known as the leaky pipeline, although that is a term not universally accepted. The reasons that women leave are many and various, but they are certainly not all inevitable. Yes, women may want families – but so do men. However, women with caring responsibilities face hurdles which many men seem to avoid. Harder to spot and hence more pernicious is bias, both systemic and at the individual level. It takes many forms, some more obvious than others. Looking at apparently objective metrics and criteria show they are anything but, be they related to grant size or citations, the likelihood of promotion or the time to publication. Letters of reference may be subtly, and sometimes not so subtly, gendered. Building networks and collaborations are often harder for women than men. Worst of all, work environments, including conferences and notably field work, may expose women to harassment, sexual and otherwise. We need to ensure our culture changes to remove both the toxic elements that hold back women and to ensure the implicit bias in any criteria used to determine career progression is recognized and factored into decisions.
Voyaging
Authors: McAleer John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter follows the personal experiences of those travelling south through the Atlantic Ocean in the Age of Sail. It focuses on their physiological and psychological experiences and responses: their feelings before departure, as well as the seasickness, physical discomfort, homesickness, and tedium they experienced on the voyage itself. It examines the strategies employed by travellers for managing these emotions. They frequently retreated to the world of the mind: recording events and experiences in personal journals and letters or reading. Writing a journal or reading a book was, in general, a solitary activity, practised by individual travellers. But they were not the only outlet for shipboard travellers. The communal space of the vessel meant that meals were eaten together, pastimes pursued in groups, and rites of passage marked as a collective, maritime social unit.
“To Govern Is to Populate” Leopoldo Marechal’s 1951 Antígona Vélez
Authors: Fradinger Moira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 studies Argentine Leopoldo Marechal’s 1951 Antígona Vélez as his critique of Argentine liberal historiography about the Creole conquest of the Pampas in the context of the largest nationalist movement Argentina had seen to date, led by Juan Domingo and Evita Perón from 1945 to 1955. The action is set in the 1820s, and the backdrop is the same as Varela’s 1824 Argia, studied in the Overture. Close reading and the analysis of historical references yield knowledge that counters previous interpretations of Marechal’s play as advocating the Creole military attempt to exterminate the indigenous peoples in the nineteenth century. Marechal’s Antígona is the only one in the book’s corpus to understand the law that condemns her for attempting to bury a brother. But that does not redeem her death. The chapter argues that she is redeemed as a frontier mother, as her blood will fertilize the soil, giving hope for the nation’s future. Marechal emphasizes the building of a nation as the universal, but his irony resides in the way Antígona is killed, which suggests the everlasting presence of indigenous agency in the nation’s history and thus a critique of the elite’s aim of extermination. This chapter shows how a Christian drama of redemption is quilted to Greek tragedy.
One Hundred Years of Puerto Rican Solitude
Authors: Fradinger Moira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines Puerto Rican Luis Rafael Sánchez’s 1968 La pasión según Antígona Pérez, whose protagonist critics have understood as faithful to the Sophoclean character. This chapter argues against finding similarities between the ancient Antigone and the Puerto Rican character by showing that this Antígona is not accused of the crime of burial but that of theft, which, in the context of Puerto Rican politics in the 1960s, refers to Puerto Rico’s political situation as US property. Through an analysis of the historical minutiae embedded in the play the chapter argues that the play stages a unique political drama in Latin America: the enduring colonial—rather than neocolonial—situation of Puerto Rico. Antígona Pérez is also unique in the corpus in that she rejects marriage (though she is not exactly a virgin), but this chapter shows that her death, in the end, could not but give life, just as the other mother-Antígonas do. The play quilts tragedy with testimony and Brechtian technique.
By Way of Interlude
Authors: Fradinger Moira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 shows the dynamics of the internal dialogues in the book’s corpus as lesser-known plays come into focus and ruminate on previous patterns, such as the “Antígonal paradigm” of politics, or develop new themes that will persist in the twentieth and into the twenty-first century. The chapter highlights ruminations on political motherhood in plays from the fifties, sixties, and eighties and identifies a protofeminist consciousness that fully develops in the twenty-first century. Special sections comment on Argentine Alberto Zavalía’s El límite (1957–8); Venezuelan Gabriel Núñez’s Antígona (1977), Mexican José Fuentes Mares’ La joven Antígona va a la guerra (1968); Argentine Juan Carlos Gené’s Golpes a mi puerta (1983); Argentine David Cureses’s La cabeza en la jaula (1963); Nicaraguan Rolando Steiner’s 1958 Antígona en el infierno; Venezuelan César Rengifo’s 1966 La fiesta de los moribundos; Mexican Olga Harmony’s La ley de Creón (1982); and Ariel Dorfman’s 1987 Viudas. Two major shifts in the book’s corpus appear in these lesser-known plays: the collective action whereby a group of women become heroines as they socialize love, motherhood, and widowhood; and the disappearance of the corpse, in the aftermath of Cold War dictatorships, which radicalizes Antígona’s politics away from the national universal and toward the formulation of an impossible universal.
Agreeing to Disagree
Authors: Chapman Nathan S. , McConnell Michael W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion,” may be the most contentious and misunderstood provision of the entire U.S. Constitution. It lies at the heart of America’s culture wars. But what, exactly, is an “establishment of religion”? And what is a law “respecting” it? Many commentators reduce the Clause to “the separation of church and state.” This implies that church and state are at odds, that the public sphere must be secular, and that the Establishment Clause is in tension with the Free Exercise of Religion Clause. All of these implications misconstrue the Establishment Clause’s original purpose and enduring value for a religiously pluralistic society. The Clause facilitates religious diversity and guarantees equality of religious freedom by prohibiting the government from coercing or inducing citizens to change their religious beliefs and practices. This book details the legal, theological, and political underpinnings of the Establishment Clause, state disestablishment, and the disestablishment norms applied to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment. Americans in the early republic were intimately acquainted with the laws used in England, the colonies, and early states to enforce religious uniformity. The Establishment Clause was understood to prohibit the government from using government power to bring about such uniformity. This book shows how the U.S. Supreme Court has largely implemented these purposes in cases addressing prayer in school, acted contrary to these purposes for many decades in cases involving state funding of nonpublic schools and limits on religious accommodations, and more recently brought its decisions closer to the constitutional purposes.
Establishment at the Founding
Authors: Chapman Nathan S. , McConnell Michael W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses early religious establishments in the United States. Established religion in the American colonies assumed two principal forms: an exclusive Anglican establishment in the southern states and a localized Puritan establishment in the New England states other than Rhode Island. During the period between initial settlement and ultimate disestablishment, American religious establishments moved from being narrow, coercive, and intolerant to being broad, relatively noncoercive, and tolerant. Although the laws constituting the establishment were ad hoc and unsystematic, they can be summarized in six categories: control over doctrine, governance, and personnel of the church; compulsory church attendance; financial support; prohibitions on worship in dissenting churches; use of church institutions for public functions; and restriction of political participation to members of the established church. The chapter then looks at the theological and political theories of establishment, before differentiating between monarchical and republican forms of establishment.
An Awful Tale of Blood
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
John D. Lee rides from his home in Fort Harmony to Salt Lake City to attend the church’s twice-a-year “general conference.” Lee also goes to report an all-Indian massacre to Brigham Young, at Isaac Haight’s request. Minutes of a Provo church meeting, in which Lee speaks on September 27, 1857, show that Lee is already lying about the massacre, claiming that Indians committed it solely on their own because of the so-called poisoning at Corn Creek, which Lee hears about as he passes through en route to Salt Lake. In Young’s office on September 29, Lee lies to Young and assistant church historian Wilford Woodruff that the massacred emigrants had been part of the anti-Mormon mobs in Missouri and Illinois, and that Indians were solely responsible for the slaughter. Young is upset about the killings. Lee also lies that Indians took all the spoil of the massacred train.
Peacefully Submitting
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Brigham Young learns of the attack on Fort Limhi, dashing his hopes that Native American tribes would side with the Mormons against the troops. This event may have contributed to a more conciliatory attitude on his part. After his meeting with Mormon leaders, Thomas L. Kane travels to Camp Scott, where he convinces Governor Alfred Cumming to come to Salt Lake City to meet with Young, against the warning of recently breveted General Albert Sidney Johnston. Though Cumming is begrudgingly accepted as governor by the people of Utah, while Cumming is away, Judge Delana Eckles indicts Young and others for treason for resisting the U.S. troops. Cumming and Thomas L. Kane begin a journey to southern Utah to investigate the Mountain Meadows Massacre, but their journey is cut short when Kane receives word that his father has unexpectedly died. Kane and Cumming return to Salt Lake City upon hearing the news.
The Moment Is Critical
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Against Governor Alfred Cumming’s advice, Brigham Young continues plans for his people to abandon their homes and settlements in northern Utah and head south in advance of the U.S. troops’ entrance into the Salt Lake Valley. When Kane and Cumming reach Camp Scott, Cumming learns of Judge Delana Eckles’s attempts to undermine him and his mission of peace in Salt Lake City. After acquiescing to Congress’s demands that President James Buchanan seek peace with Utah, Buchanan sends two official peace commissioners, Lazarus Powell and Ben McCulloch, to Utah, along with a presidential pardon for any acts committed by Young and the Mormon militia against the Utah Expedition.
Precious Legacies from the Departed Ones
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Jacob Forney, territorial superintendent of Indian Affairs, arranged to have fifteen of the child survivors of the massacre transported to family members in Arkansas with a U.S. Army escort. Two of the oldest surviving children were kept in Utah as potential witnesses in legal proceedings. William C. Mitchell, who lost family members in the massacre, traveled from Arkansas to meet the children as they arrived at Fort Leavenworth. He led another escort to Carrollton, Arkansas, where family members soberly greeted the children. Meanwhile, Dr. S. B. Aden sought unsuccessfully to locate his son William, who was murdered in the massacre.
In the Midst of a Desolating War
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
James Henry Carleton vows to rebuild the Mountain Meadows monument but instead goes to New Mexico, where he marks his infamous place in history through his campaign against the Navajo. Utah makes a bid for statehood, unsuccessful in part because of plural marriage and the massacre. Patrick Edward Connor and his California volunteers are assigned to Utah and decide to oppose Mormons and the territory’s Native people. He establishes Camp Douglas in lieu of Camp Floyd, previously built by the U.S. Army. Connor and his men commit the Bear River Massacre. Federal judges in Utah refuse to prosecute the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Former judge John Cradlebaugh publishes a pamphlet against Utah’s admission. The pamphlet reveals information about John D. Lee’s role in the massacre, and Brigham Young excoriates Lee, who continues to blame Indians. Abraham Lincoln dies.
Too Horrible to Contemplate
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
John D. Lee tries to work his way back into Brigham Young’s good graces. An anti-Mormon party develops in Utah, called “the clique” by Latter-day Saints. A power struggle develops between the anti-Mormons and the Mormons over political and economic control of Utah Territory. Young feels federal appointees in Utah deliberately ignore prosecuting those responsible for the Mountain Meadows Massacre in order to foist the crime on him. Young denounces the massacre in a Tabernacle speech. Erastus Snow begins to investigate the massacre and write to Young about participants. Young denies participants the church’s highest blessings. George A. Hicks becomes Lee’s nemesis. Young asks Lee to sell out and move away.
Do You Plead Guilty
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
After John D. Lee’s arrest, he and his wife Rachel are catapulted into the public eye. Deputy William Stokes arrests William Dame. George C. Bates becomes a church attorney, and he and his partner, Jabez Sutherland, become Dame’s attorneys. Wells Spicer becomes Lee’s lawyer. Enos Hoge joins Lee’s defense, as does William Bishop. Seven of those indicted for the Mountain Meadows Massacre remain at large. When Bates tries to negotiate their arrest on condition of bail, Judge Jacob Boreman chastises him. Lee and Dame plead not guilty. Lee’s defense argues for speedy trial, but Judge Boreman postpones it.
The Responsibility Before You
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Prosecutors and defense select an all-Mormon jury for John D. Lee’s trial. During the trial, prosecutor Sumner Howard focuses exclusively on Lee’s guilt, calling witnesses who could testify that Lee killed people. The strategy catches defense counsel William Bishop and his colleagues off guard. Those who testify against Lee include Laban Morrill and James Haslam, who did not participate in the massacre, and Samuel Knight, Samuel McMurdie, and Nephi Johnson, who did. The witnesses who participated in the massacre were able to adduce evidence of Lee’s guilt, generally without testifying of their own. The witnesses who did not participate provided additional evidence to convict Lee.
Sufficient to Warrant a Verdict
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Expanding on what he told a federal investigator earlier, Jacob Hamblin testifies that Lee confessed to participating in the massacre. He says that once the emigrants discovered they had been attacked by whites instead of just Indians, the participants would not let them go on to California for fear they would bring an army back to attack the Mormon settlements. Hamblin says Lee told him he killed a young woman by cutting her throat. Defense attorney William W. Bishop, sensing that he is being beat by the prosecution, turns to blaming Latter-day Saint officials. The defense assails the prosecution witnesses too. Judge Jacob Boreman gives the jury instructions.
Under Sentence of Death
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Soldiers escort John D. Lee from Fort Cameron to the Mountain Meadows to be executed at the site of his crime. Journalists follow to cover an event that was huge news at the time. Lee does not know where he is being taken, and when he figures it out, he feels angst. Government officials try to use the psychology of place to drag more confessions from the prisoner, but he has little more to say. Lee gives a final speech, after which he is blindfolded. The executioners, their identity obscured by blankets strung between wagons, aim at Lee and wait for the signal to fire, which Marshal William Nelson gives at exactly 11:00 a.m., and Lee falls back onto his coffin.
Failure to Arrest These Men
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
William Bishop and Sumner Howard each publish a John D. Lee confession. Bishop adds his own details, which he claims to be from Lee. Bishop’s version aims at getting revenge on Latter-day Saint leaders for his embarrassing loss in the second Lee trial. Howard gets tired of the politics in Utah and the federal government’s failure to provide funding to bring other perpetrators to justice. He returns to his home in Michigan. Brigham Young dies, and the Liberal Party gives up focusing on Mountain Meadows as the subject loses political value. Instead, they focus on polygamy and eventually win political power. Robert Baskin becomes a popular leader in Utah and ends up praising Brigham Young.
Haunted
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Some Mountain Meadows Massacre perpetrators quietly live out their lives by hiding their connection with it. Some agonize under their guilt, like George Spencer, who dies at forty-two obsessed with his crime. Philip Klingensmith dies in obscurity far from family. Still full of self-denial, William Dame dies after two strokes. William Stewart suffers repeated accidents and dies of gangrene. John Higbee also lives denying guilt, blaming William Dame and John D. Lee. He dies after a lingering illness, out of his mind. Isaac Haight also dies in obscurity, his body kept in the basement of an inn for many years. Elias Morris falls down an elevator shaft to his death. Nephi Johnson, one of the last to go, dies after screaming in delirium, “Blood! BLOOD! BLOOD!” Juanita Brooks, who witnesses his death, later writes the first scholarly work on the massacre.
A (Mostly) All-Asian American Musical
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Flower Drum Song is the first, and to date only, Broadway musical about Chinese Americans, and it remains among the few musicals with a (mostly) all-Asian cast. Although it is seldom revived and consequently less known than other R&H hits, this chapter will argue that it has been undeservedly overlooked. The chapter will also make a case that with its fine acting, singing, and dancing, the film adaptation deserves far greater attention and respect than it has received. It claims that, even more than the film adaptation of West Side Story, the film version of Flower Drum Song, while preserving all but one song, offers an imaginative and dramatically superior re-imagining of the stage version’s song sequence and dramatic trajectory. In addition to comparing the stage and screen versions, the chapter will also discuss how both are similar and different from C. Y. Lee’s contemporary novel.
The Prelude to ISIS
Authors: Dagher Munqith , Kaltenthaler Karl , Gelfand Michele J. , Kruglanski Arie W. , McCulloh Ian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the political and social developments in Iraq from the U.S. invasion in 2003 to the pivotal year of 2011, when U.S. forces withdrew from the country. It was in this time span that the social and political foundations for the rise of ISIS were established. While the rise of ISIS was not inevitable by 2012, the events of that year greatly contributed to the chances of a major Sunni insurgency in Iraq breaking out. Most importantly, after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003, many Sunni Arabs perceived their exclusion from political and societal power in Iraq and a growing dominance of sectarian Shia political forces. This sense of marginalization and victimization among Sunnis became acute following Prime Minister’s Nouri al Maliki’s efforts to further marginalize Sunnis after the U.S. withdrawal from Iraq in 2011. It was this sense of Sunni grievance that offered the Sunni insurgency the social support it needed to gain traction.
Life under ISIS
Authors: Dagher Munqith , Kaltenthaler Karl , Gelfand Michele J. , Kruglanski Arie W. , McCulloh Ian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
One of the most asked questions about ISIS during its occupation of large swathes Iraq is this: What was it like to live under the governance of the group? Using data collected from ordinary Iraqis, the chapter attempts to give a picture of everyday life in ISIS-occupied Iraq. Most Sunni Iraqis who experienced the arrival of ISIS, particularly in Mosul, say the group was largely accepted at first, as an alternative to what was viewed as a corrupt, abusive, and sectarian Iraqi state. In retrospect, however, many of the people interviewed about ISIS’s governance thought that although ISIS was superior in some aspects of governance to the Iraqi state, the group largely wore out its welcome through its brutal imposition of an interpretation of sharia that was far more extreme than even relatively conservative Sunni Iraqis were willing to accept.
Assessment and Treatment of Adolescents and Emerging Adults in Jails
Authors: Feingold Zoe R. , Cruise Keith R. , Glover Angela 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Criminal justice reforms in the past two decades have significantly reduced the number of juveniles (under age 18) detained in adult correctional facilities; however, individuals in their late teens and early twenties, often referred to as emerging adults (EAs), face disproportionately high rates of incarceration in jails, accounting for nearly 26% of the jail population. The present chapter reviews and synthesizes what is known about EAs regarding their psychosocial and cognitive development, mental health and treatment needs, and risk for behavioral problems while detained. We highlight promising research on interventions and assessment strategies for EAs in jails and discuss a pertinent case example with related practice considerations. Given the recent advocacy efforts and subsequent policy changes that have begun to alter the sentencing and treatment of EAs who come into contact with the justice system, it is imperative that researchers continue to investigate best practices for meeting this population’s unique needs.