bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected Changes in the Seasonal Cycle of Madden‐Julian Oscillation Precipitation and Wind Amplitude
Authors: Bui Hien X. , Hsu Pang‐Chi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough recent studies have examined the responses of annual‐ and seasonal‐mean Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) activity to global warming, little is known about the seasonal cycle changes that determine the timing of the peak MJO influence on local weather and climate. By analyzing the Community Earth System Model version 2 large ensemble at the end of the 21st century, we report changes in both the phase and amplitude of the seasonal cycle of MJO precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean and southwestern Pacific. While the seasonal delay in phase of the MJO is related to the seasonal delay of total precipitation, with contributions from surface latent heat flux and circulation changes, the amplification in seasonal amplitude is consistent with the increase in MJO amplitude due to mean temperature increases. The shifts in phase of the seasonal cycle of the MJO under global warming may influence the predictability of extreme events.
Magnetosonic Waves Observed by the Van Allen Probe‐A Satellite: The Chirikov Resonance Overlap Criterion
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Ouyang Zhihai , Tang Rongxin , Li Haimeng , Yu Xiongdong , Yuan Zhigang , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMagnetosonic waves (MSWs) can be discrete or continuous in a time‐frequency spectrogram. For discrete MSWs that satisfy the Chirikov resonance overlap criterion (CROC), the spectrum can be regarded as continuous and hence the quasi‐linear theory can be employed to calculate the corresponding electron diffusion coefficient; otherwise, the contribution of each harmonic emission to the diffusion coefficient should be calculated separately. From the Van Allen Probe‐A (RBSP‐A) burst mode observations taken between January 2014 to December 2017, a total of 21,766 discrete MSW events were selected for statistical analysis, among which 314 events (1.44%) are found to not satisfy the CROC. The MSW events not satisfying the CROC are mainly distributed in the range between L ∼ 4 and 6 outside the plasmapause, they all have a frequency gap (e.g., a frequency difference ≥2 fcH between two discrete bands).
Resonant Scattering of Radiation Belt Electrons at Saturn by Ion Cyclotron Waves
Authors: Cao Xing , Lu Peng , Ni Binbin , Summers Danny , Shprits Yuri Y. , Long Minyi , Wang Xiaoyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBy constructing an empirical model of the spectral and latitudinal distribution of ion cyclotron waves on the basis of Cassini datasets, we investigate the resonant interactions between ion cyclotron waves and radiation belt electrons at Saturn. Calculations based on quasi‐linear bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients show that at Saturn ion cyclotron waves can efficiently pitch angle scatter >∼1 MeV to tens of MeV electrons into the loss cone thereby inducing precipitation loss, while the mixed and momentum scattering effects are typically negligible. The resultant electron loss timescales range from a few to tens of minutes, which in fact decrease significantly with increasing L‐shell at L = 4–6. We also find that the kinetic effects introduced by pick‐up ring particles cause distinct changes in pitch angle scattering efficiency for lower energy electrons (<3 MeV at L = 5). Our results demonstrate that ion cyclotron waves play a significant role in the dynamics of Saturn's radiation belt electrons.
Factors Controlling the Sea Surface Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Upwelling Regions: A Case Study of the Southern East China Sea Before and After Typhoon Maria
Authors: Kao Kai‐Jung , Huang Wei‐Jen , Chou Wen‐Chen , Gong Gwo‐Ching , Weerathunga Veran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUpwelling regions, which account for 10%–20% of the global ocean's primary production but occupy only 3% of its area, play an important role in the global ocean carbon cycle. However, controlling factors of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in upwelling regions before and after typhoons remain unclear. Sea surface pCO2 was measured in two upwelling regions of the southern East China Sea (sECS) before (6–9 July 2018) and after (13–17 July 2018) Typhoon “Maria.” Surface pCO2 values were 325.1 ± 18.3 and 322.9 ± 17.4 μatm on the shelf break and middle shelf, respectively, before the typhoon. After the typhoon, the surface pCO2 values dropped to 315.5 ± 15.9 and 305.7 ± 7.2 μatm on the shelf break and middle shelf, respectively. The analysis shows that factors controlling pCO2 variations are the temperature effect (38% to 40%), net biological activities (−33% to −36%), and mixing (−24%), irrespective of whether the measurements were taken before or after the typhoon. During our study period, the upwelling regions in sECS acted as strong sinks of atmospheric CO2 (−4.2 ± 1.2 to −14.1 ± 1.2 mmol m−2 d−1). We suggested that the temperature change, net biological activities, and mixing during the upwelling process characterized the biogeochemical responses over the sECS.
Spatial‐Temporal Variability and Sources of Lead (Pb) in the Indian Ocean and Asian Marginal Seas
Authors: Qian Na , Boyle Edward A. , Zhou Liping , Tanzil Jani , Chen Qinqin , Zhang Shuo , Chen Mengli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince North America and European countries phased out leaded gasoline, Asia has become the major contemporary lead (Pb) source to the marine environment, at first from leaded gasoline, but more recently from coal burning and other high‐temperature industrial activities (Flegal et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2012.671738; Lee et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.030). Pb in the Indian Ocean remains relatively under‐evaluated after ∼2000 and is further complicated by various oceanic processes (e.g., monsoons, boundary exchange with particulates). Here, we present three annually resolved coral skeletal Pb isotope and concentration records from the central and eastern Indian Ocean (Salomon Atoll, 1989–2009; Diego Garcia Atoll, 1999–2009; and Phuket Island, 1945–2010), and synthesize published coral/sedimentary records to reconstruct the spatial‐temporal variability of anthropogenic Pb around the region. Pb isotopes in all corals coherently fall along the mixing line between Asian aerosols and the natural crust. However, higher contributions of natural Pb are found in corals located in the coastal region than those in the open ocean, despite the greater contributions of anthropogenic Pb expected in coastal water near human emission sources. This geographical difference suggests that exchanges between dissolved Pb and natural particles at ocean boundaries significantly contribute to the Pb isotope compositions in regional seawater and are subsequently recorded in corals. The temporal variability of Pb concentrations in corals and sedimentary records signifies decreasing trends in Southeast Asia but increasing trends in South Asia. This study contributes new and timely Pb and Pb isotope data for the Indian Ocean and illustrates the importance of boundary exchange in marine Pb cycling.
Evaluating BC Aging Processes in the Community Atmosphere Model Version 6 (CAM6)
Authors: Shen Wenxiang , Wang Minghuai , Liu Yawen , Dong Xinyi , Zhao Delong , Yue Man , Tian Ping , Ding Deping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe uncertainty of the climatic effect of Black carbon (BC) remains large. One critical uncertainty source that needs to be captured is BC aging. Here we use the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) configured with the four‐mode version of the Modal Aerosol Module (MAM4) to evaluate the modeled BC aging process with recent laboratory and in‐situ measurements over China. As revealed by the comparison of BC aging timescale and number fraction of aged BC against recent measurements, the modeled condensation aging timescale is estimated to be about 0.8 hr (17%) faster than the chamber measurement, and the diurnal variations of modeled BC aging degree are typically higher than observations mainly due to the fast increase in modeled BC aging degree during daytime. Further analysis shows that the condensation aging dominates (>70%) BC aging across China. More specifically, the condensation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) vapor contributes most to BC aging over China. Slowing down BC aging increases the modeled surface BC concentration over remote Western China and BC burden, but hardly changes surface BC concentration over Eastern China. Our results suggest that BC aging representation in the MAM4 needs to be further improved toward slowing down the BC aging rate, especially the condensation aging by SOA, to improve the BC simulation over remote areas and its impact on BC transport in MAM4.
Impact of Changing Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Sea Ice Age, and Snow Depth on Sea Salt Aerosol From Blowing Snow and the Open Ocean for 1980–2017
Authors: Confer K. L. , Jaeglé L. , Liston G. E. , Sharma S. , Nandan V. , Yackel J. , Ewert M. , Horowitz H. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe evaluate the effects of rapidly changing Arctic sea ice conditions on sea salt aerosols (SSA) produced by oceanic wave‐breaking and the sublimation of wind‐lofted salty blowing snow on sea ice. We use the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model to assess the influence of changing extent of the open ocean, multi‐year sea ice (MYI), first‐year sea ice (FYI), and snow depths on SSA emissions for 1980–2017. We combine snow depths from the Lagrangian snow‐evolution model (SnowModel‐LG) together with an empirically‐derived snow salinity function of snow depth to derive spatially and temporally varying snow surface salinity over Arctic FYI. We find that pan‐Arctic SSA surface mass concentrations have increased by 6%–12% decade−1 during the cold season (November–April) and by 7%–11% decade−1 during the warm season (May–October). The cold season trend is due to increasing blowing snow SSA originating from FYI: as MYI is replaced by FYI with thinning snow depths, snow surface salinity increases by more than 11% decade−1. During the warm season, rapid sea ice loss and thus increasing open ocean SSA are the cause of modeled SSA trends. Observations of SSA mass concentrations at Alert, Canada display positive trends during the cold season (10%–12% decade−1), consistent with our pan‐Arctic simulations. During fall, Alert observations show a negative trend (−18% decade−1), due to locally decreasing wind speeds and thus lower open ocean emissions. These significant changes in SSA concentrations could potentially affect past and future bromine explosions and Arctic climate feedbacks.
Hydroclimate Variability in the Equatorial Western Indian Ocean for the Last 250,000 Years
Authors: Windler Grace , Tierney Jessica E. , deMenocal Peter B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIndian Ocean sea surface temperatures impact precipitation across the basin through coupled ocean‐atmosphere responses to changes in climate. To understand the hydroclimate response over the western Indian Ocean and equatorial east Africa to different forcing mechanisms, we present four new proxy reconstructions from core VM19‐193 (2.98°N, 51.47°E) that span the last 250 ky. Sub‐surface water temperatures (Sub‐T; TEX86) show strong precessional (23 ky) variability that is primarily influenced by maximum incoming solar radiation (insolation) during the Northern Hemisphere spring season, likely indicating that local insolation dominates the upper water column at this tropical location over time. Leaf waxes, on the other hand, reflect two different precipitation signals: δ13Cwax (in phase with boreal fall insolation) is likely reflecting vegetation changes in response to local rainfall over east Africa, whereas δDprecip (primarily driven by boreal summer insolation) represents changes in regional circulation associated with the summer monsoon. Glacial‐interglacial changes in ocean temperatures support glacial shelf exposure over the Maritime Continent in the eastern Indian Ocean and the subsequent weakening of the Indian Walker Circulation as a mechanism driving 100 ky climate variability across the tropical Indo‐Pacific. Additionally, the 100 ky spectral power in δDprecip supports a basin‐wide weakening of summer monsoon circulation in response to glacial climates. Overall, the proxy records from VM19‐193 indicate that both precession and glacial‐interglacial cycles exert control over hydroclimate at this tropical location.
Geodynamics of the Central Tethyan Belt Revisited: Inferences From Crustal Magnetization in the Anatolia‐Caucasus‐Black Sea Region
Authors: Teknik V. , Artemieva I. M. , Thybo H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe calculate the depth to magnetic basement and the average crustal magnetic susceptibility, which is sensitive to the presence of iron‐rich minerals, to interpret the present structure and the tecto‐magmatic evolution in the Central Tethyan belt. Our results demonstrate exceptional variability of crustal magnetization with smooth, small‐amplitude anomalies in the Gondwana realm and short‐wavelength high‐amplitude variations in the Laurentia realm. Poor correlation between known ophiolites and magnetization anomalies indicates that Tethyan ophiolites are relatively poorly magnetized, which we explain by demagnetization during recent magmatism. We analyze regional magnetic characteristics for mapping previously unknown oceanic fragments and mafic intrusions, hidden beneath sedimentary sequences or overprinted by tectono‐magmatic events. By the style of crustal magnetization, we distinguish three types of basins and demonstrate that many small‐size basins host large volumes of magmatic rocks within or below the sedimentary cover. We map the width of magmatic arcs to estimate paleo‐subduction dip angle and find no systematic variation between the Neo‐Tethys and Paleo‐Tethys subduction systems, while the Pontides magmatic arc has shallow (∼15°) dip in the east and steep (∼50°–55°) dip in the west. We recognize an unknown, buried 450 km‐long magmatic arc along the western margin of the Kırşehir massif formed above steep (55°) subduction. We propose that lithosphere fragmentation associated with Neo‐Tethys subduction systems may explain high‐amplitude, high‐gradient crustal magnetization in the Caucasus Large Igneous Province. Our results challenge conventional regional geological models, such as Neo‐Tethyan subduction below the Greater Caucasus, and call for reevaluation of the regional paleotectonics.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with the impairment of beta-cell response to glucose in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , Galderisi Alfonso , Aiello Francesca , Martino Mariangela , Camponesco Ornella , Di Sessa Anna , Marzuillo Pierluigi , Alfonso Papparella , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The main purpose of the study is to assess the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insulin secretion in children with obesity.

Methods
We enrolled children and adolescents who attended our pediatric clinic because of obesity and OSA. Glucose homeostasis was assessed through standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Nocturnal cardio-respiratory polygraphy was performed for OSA diagnosis. Twenty-two patients underwent a 3-h OGTT to investigate insulin secretion and sensitivity through the oral-minimal model.

Results
seventy-seven children and adolescents were included in the study. Based on OSA severity, the cohort was divided into three groups (29 mild, 29 moderate, and 19 severe OSA). The group with mild OSA showed lower levels of 30-min glucose (p = 0.01) and 60-min glucose (p = 0.03), and lower prevalence of elevated 1-h glucose (10.4% versus 44.8% in moderate and 31.6% in severe OSA, p = 0.01). The odds for elevated 1-h plasma glucose was 6.2-fold (95%CI 1.6–23.4) higher in subjects with moderate and severe OSA compared to mild OSA (p = 0.007) independent of confounders. Spearman correlation test revealed a positive correlation between 30-min plasma glucose and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, r = 0.31, p = 0.01), oxygen desaturation index (ODI, r = 0.31, p = 0.009), and mean desaturation (r = 0.25, p = 0.04). The 3-h OGTT study included 22 participants (7 mild, 9 moderate, and 6 severe OSA). The group with mild OSA showed a higher dynamic, static, and total insulin secretion compared to those with moderate and severe OSA (p < 0.0001, p = 0.007, p = 0.007, respectively). AHI was significantly correlated to dynamic insulin secretion (r = −0.48, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
OSA might impair beta-cell function reducing the pool of promptly releasable insulin in children and adolescents with obesity, in the absence of an effect on insulin sensitivity.
Cell differentiation modifies the p53 transcriptional program through a combination of gene silencing and constitutive transactivation
Authors: Tatavosian Roubina , Donovan Micah G. , Galbraith Matthew D. , Duc Huy N. , Szwarc Maria M. , Joshi Molishree U. , Frieman Amy , Bilousova Ganna , Cao Yingqiong , Smith Keith P. , Song Kunhua , Rachubinski Angela L. , Andrysik Zdenek , Espinosa Joaquin M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe p53 transcription factor is a master regulator of cellular responses to stress that is commonly inactivated in diverse cancer types. Despite decades of research, the mechanisms by which p53 impedes tumorigenesis across vastly different cellular contexts requires further investigation. The bulk of research has been completed using in vitro studies of cancer cell lines or in vivo studies in mouse models, but much less is known about p53 action in diverse non-transformed human tissues. Here, we investigated how different cellular states modify the p53 transcriptional program in human cells through a combination of computational analyses of publicly available large-scale datasets and in vitro studies using an isogenic system consisting of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and two derived lineages. Analysis of publicly available mRNA expression and genetic dependency data demonstrated wide variation in terms of expression and function of a core p53 transcriptional program across various tissues and lineages. To monitor the impact of cell differentiation on the p53 transcriptome within an isogenic cell culture system, we activated p53 by pharmacological inhibition of its negative regulator MDM2. Using cell phenotyping assays and genome wide transcriptome analyses, we demonstrated that cell differentiation confines and modifies the p53 transcriptional network in a lineage-specific fashion. Although hundreds of p53 target genes are transactivated in iPSCs, only a small fraction is transactivated in each of the differentiated lineages. Mechanistic studies using small molecule inhibitors and genetic knockdowns revealed the presence of two major regulatory mechanisms contributing to this massive heterogeneity across cellular states: gene silencing by epigenetic regulatory complexes and constitutive transactivation by lineage-specific transcription factors. Altogether, these results illuminate the impact of cell differentiation on the p53 program, thus advancing our understanding of how this tumor suppressor functions in different contexts.
Nuclear receptor modulators inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumour growth by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Yuan Baoshi , Shi Kexin , Zha Juanmin , Cai Yujia , Gu Yue , Huang Kai , Yue Wenchang , Zhai Qiaocheng , Ding Ning , Ren Wenyan , He Weiqi , Xu Ying , Wang Tao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Chemoresistance leads to poor responses to conventional therapy in patients with osteosarcoma. The discovery of novel effective therapeutic targets and drugs is still the main focus of osteosarcoma research. Nuclear receptors (NRs) have shown substantial promise as novel therapeutic targets for various cancers. In the present study, we performed a drug screen using 29 chemicals that specifically target 17 NRs in several different human osteosarcoma and osteoblast cell lines. The retinoic acid receptor beta (RARb) antagonist LE135, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) antagonist T0070907, liver X receptor (LXR) agonist T0901317 and Rev-Erba agonist SR9011 significantly inhibited the proliferation of malignant osteosarcoma cells (U2OS, HOS-MNNG and Saos-2 cells) but did not inhibit the growth of normal osteoblasts. The effects of these NR modulators on osteosarcoma cells occurred in a dose-dependent manner and were not observed in NR-knockout osteosarcoma cells. These NR modulators also significantly inhibited osteosarcoma growth in vivo and enhanced the antitumour effect of doxorubicin (DOX). Transcriptomic and immunoblotting results showed that these NR modulators may inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK/mTOR pathways. DDIT4, which blocks mTOR activation, was identified as one of the common downstream target genes of these NRs. DDIT4 knockout significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of these NR modulators on osteosarcoma cell growth. Together, our results revealed that modulators of RARb, PPARg, LXRs and Rev-Erba inhibit osteosarcoma growth both in vitro and in vivo through the mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting that treatment with these NR modulators is a novel potential therapeutic strategy.
Longitudinal efficacy and toxicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Spiliopoulou Pavlina , Janse van Rensburg Helena J. , Avery Lisa , Kulasingam Vathany , Razak Albiruni , Bedard Philippe , Hansen Aaron , Chruscinski Andrzej , Wang Ben , Kulikova Maria , Chen Rachel , Speers Vanessa , Nguyen Alisa , Lee Jasmine , Coburn Bryan , Spreafico Anna , Siu Lillian L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite more than 2 years having elapsed since the onset of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a level of hesitation around increased SARS-CoV-2 vaccine toxicity in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy (IO) remains. This hesitation stems from the idea that IO agents could elicit an overwhelming immune stimulation post vaccination and therefore increase the risk of vaccine-related toxicity. The aim of our study was to explore serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients treated with IO and describe the level of immune stimulation using parameters such as blood cytokines, autoantibody levels and immune related adverse events (irAEs) post vaccination. Fifty-one evaluable patients were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Absolute levels and neutralization potential of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were not significantly different in the IO group compared to non-IO. Chemotherapy adversely affected seroconversion when compared to IO and/or targeted treatment. Following vaccination, the prevalence of grade ≥2 irAEs in patients treated with IO was not higher than the usual reported IO toxicity. We report, for the first time, that anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, elicited the generation of five autoantibodies. The significantly increased autoantibodies were IgM autoantibodies against beta-2 glycoprotein (p = 0.02), myeloperoxidase (p = 0.03), nucleosome (p = 0.041), SPLUNC2 (p < 0.001) and IgG autoantibody against Myosin Heavy Chain 6 (MYH6) (p < 0.001). Overall, comprehensive analysis of a small cohort showed that co-administration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and IO is not associated with increased irAEs. Nevertheless, the detection of autoantibodies post anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination warrants further investigation (NCT03702309).