bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical observables from partial wave amplitudes
Authors: Lee Hojin , Lee Sangmin , Mazumdar Subhajit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study the formalism of Kosower-Maybee-O’Connell (KMOC) to extract classical impulse from quantum amplitude in the context of the partial wave expansion of a 2-to-2 elastic scattering. We take two complementary approaches to establish the connection. The first one takes advantage of Clebsch-Gordan relations for the base amplitudes of the partial wave expansion. The second one is a novel adaptation of the traditional saddle point approximation in the semi-classical limit. In the former, an interference between the S-matrix and its conjugate leads to a large degree of cancellation such that the saddle point approximation to handle a rapidly oscillating integral is no longer needed. As an example with a non-orbital angular momentum, we apply our methods to the charge-monopole scattering problem in the probe limit and reproduce both of the two angles characterizing the classical scattering. A spinor basis for the partial wave expansion, a non-relativistic avatar of the spinor-helicity variables, plays a crucial role throughout our computations.
Neutrino mass and leptogenesis in a hybrid seesaw model with a spontaneously broken CP
Authors: Pramanick Rohan , Ray Tirtha Sankar , Shaw Avirup 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We introduce a novel hybrid framework combining type I and type II seesaw models for neutrino mass where a complex vacuum expectation value of a singlet scalar field breaks CP spontaneously. Using pragmatic organizing symmetries we demonstrate that such a model can simultaneously explain the neutrino oscillation data and generate observed baryon asymmetry through leptogenesis. Interestingly, natural choice of parameters leads to a mixed leptogenesis scenario driven by nearly degenerate scalar triplet and right handed singlet neutrino fields for which we present a detailed quantitative analysis.
The Bloch–Nevanlinna Problem Under Lineability
Authors: Bernal González L. , Bonilla A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe original version of the celebrated Bloch–Nevanlinna problem asked whether there exists or not a holomorphic function in the unit disc of bounded characteristic whose derivative is not of bounded characteristic. This problem has been solved in the affirmative by a number of mathematicians. Starting from a result on topological genericity of this class of functions due to Hahn, our work intends—under an algebraic as well as a topological point of view—to contribute to this topic. Specifically, the family of solutions of the Bloch–Nevanlinna problem is proved to be residual in appropriate topological spaces, and it contains, except for the zero function, dense maximal dimensional vector subspaces, large linear algebras and infinite-dimensional Banach spaces.
Children diagnosed with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes through public health screening have milder diabetes at clinical manifestation
Authors: Hummel Sandra , Carl Johanna , Friedl Nadine , Winkler Christiane , Kick Kerstin , Stock Joanna , Reinmüller Franziska , Ramminger Claudia , Schmidt Jennifer , Lwowsky Dominik , Braig Sonja , Dunstheimer Desiree , Ermer Uwe , Gerstl Eva-Maria , Weber Leonie , Nellen-Hellmuth Nicole , Brämswig Susanne , Sindichakis Marina , Tretter Stefanie , Lorrmann Anja , Bonifacio Ezio , Ziegler Anette-G. , Achenbach Peter ,   for the Fr1da Study Group
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We aimed to determine whether disease severity was reduced at onset of clinical (stage 3) type 1 diabetes in children previously diagnosed with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes in a population-based screening programme for islet autoantibodies.

Methods
Clinical data obtained at diagnosis of stage 3 type 1 diabetes were evaluated in 128 children previously diagnosed with presymptomatic early-stage type 1 diabetes between 2015 and 2022 in the Fr1da study and compared with data from 736 children diagnosed with incident type 1 diabetes between 2009 and 2018 at a similar age in the DiMelli study without prior screening.

Results
At the diagnosis of stage 3 type 1 diabetes, children with a prior early-stage diagnosis had lower median HbA1c (51 mmol/mol vs 91 mmol/mol [6.8% vs 10.5%], p<0.001), lower median fasting glucose (5.3 mmol/l vs 7.2 mmol/l, p<0.05) and higher median fasting C-peptide (0.21 nmol/l vs 0.10 nmol/l, p<0.001) compared with children without previous early-stage diagnosis. Fewer participants with prior early-stage diagnosis had ketonuria (22.2% vs 78.4%, p<0.001) or required insulin treatment (72.3% vs 98.1%, p<0.05) and only 2.5% presented with diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of stage 3 type 1 diabetes. Outcomes in children with a prior early-stage diagnosis were not associated with a family history of type 1 diabetes or diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. A milder clinical presentation was observed in children who participated in education and monitoring after early-stage diagnosis.

Conclusions/interpretation
Diagnosis of presymptomatic type 1 diabetes in children followed by education and monitoring improved clinical presentation at the onset of stage 3 type 1 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Linear correlation between patellar positioning and rotation of the lower limb in radiographic imaging: a 3D simulation study
Authors: Jörgens Maximilian , Brunner Josef , Weigert Maximilian , Bormann Markus , Böhm Elisabeth , Böcker Wolfang , Paulus Alexander C. , Ehrl Denis , Fürmetz Julian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to quantify changes in rotation of the lower limb between image pairs based on patellar position. Additionally, we investigated the differences in alignment between centralized patellar and orthograde‐positioned condyles.MethodsThree‐dimensional models of 30 paired legs were aligned in neutral position with condyles orthogonal to the sagittal axis and then rotated internally and externally in 1° increments up to 15°. For each rotation, the deviation of the patella and the subsequent changes in alignment parameters were calculated and plotted using a linear regression model. Differences between neutral position and patellar centralization were analysed qualitatively.ResultsA linear relationship between lower limb rotation and patellar position can be postulated. The regression model (R2 = 0.99) calculated a change of the patellar position of − 0.9 mm per degree rotation and alignment parameters showed small changes due to rotation. The physiological lateralization of the patella at neutral position was on average − 8.3 mm (SD: ± 5.4 mm). From neutral position, internal rotation that led to a centralized patella was on average − 9.8° (SD: ± 5.2°).ConclusionThe approximately linear dependence of the patellar position on rotation allows an inverse estimation of the rotation during image acquisition and its influence on the alignment parameters. As there is still no absolute consensus about lower limb positioning during image acquisition, data about the impact of a centralized patella compared to an orthograde condyle positioning on alignment parameters was provided.Level of evidenceIV.
Hyaluronic scaffold transplantation with bone marrow concentrate for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus: durable results up to a minimum of 10 years
Authors: Vannini Francesca , Berveglieri Luca , Boffa Angelo , Filardo Giuseppe , Viglione Valentina , Buda Roberto , Giannini Sandro , Faldini Cesare 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term clinical results of the transplantation of a hyaluronic acid membrane augmented with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) in an one‐step technique for the treatment of patients affected by osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT).MethodsA total of 101 patients (64 men, 37 women, age 32.9 ± 10.9) were evaluated for a minimum of 10 years of follow‐up (151.5 ± 18.4 months) The mean lesion size was 2.2 ± 1.4 cm2, the lesion had a post‐traumatic origin in 73 patients, 15 patients previously had an ankle fracture, 22 patients had ankle osteoarthritis. All patients were clinically evaluated at baseline and at 2, 5, and a minimum of 10 years after treatment using the AOFAS score, the NRS for pain, and the Tegner score. A survival analysis was performed to check the survival to failure up to the last follow‐up.ResultsThe AOFAS score significantly improved from baseline (59.6 ± 13.9) to the final follow‐up (82.3 ± 14.2) (p < 0.0005). A significant reduction in the AOFAS score was found from 2 to 10 years (p < 0.0005). The NRS for pain changed from 7.0 ± 1.3 at baseline to 3.9 ± 2.7 at the final follow‐up (p < 0.0005). A significant worsening was documented between 5 years and the final follow‐up (p < 0.0005). The Tegner score improved from the preoperative value of 2.0 (range 1–7) to 3.0 (range 1–7) at the final follow‐up (p < 0.0005), although it remained lower as compared to the preinjury level of 4.0 (range 1–9) (p < 0.0005). Better results were documented in male and younger patients with smaller lesions, without the previous surgery, and without the previous ankle fractures or osteoarthritis. At the final follow‐up, 85 patients considered their general health status “satisfactory” and 84 patients reported feeling “better” than the preoperative condition. Five patients were considered failures and underwent prosthetic ankle replacement or repeated the same surgery.ConclusionThis one‐step technique showed to be an effective procedure for the treatment of OLT, providing a low failure rate and offering durable clinical improvements up to a minimum of 10 years of follow‐up. However, this technique demonstrated a small yet significant decrease over the years in terms of pain and function and poor results in terms of sports activity level.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
A modification to the Kuramoto model to simulate epileptic seizures as synchronization
Authors: Zavaleta-Viveros José Alfredo , Toledo Porfirio , Avendaño-Garrido Martha Lorena , Escalante-Martínez Jesús Enrique , López-Meraz María-Leonor , Ramos-Riera Karen Paola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Kuramoto model was developed to describe the coupling of oscillators, motivated by the natural synchronization phenomena. We are interested in modeling an epileptic seizure considering it as the synchronization of action potentials using and modifying this model. In this article, we propose to modify this model, changing the constant coupling force for a function with logistic growth to simulate the onset and epileptic seizure level in an adult male rat caused by the administration of lithium–pilocarpine. Later, we select some frequencies and their respective amplitude values using an algorithm based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) from an electroencephalography signal when the rat is in basal conditions. Then, we take these values as the natural frequencies of the oscillators in the modified Kuramoto model, considering every oscillator as a single neuron to simulate the emergence of an epileptic seizure numerically by increasing the synchronization value in the coupling function. Finally, using Dynamic Time Warping algorithm, we compare the simulated signal by the Kuramoto model with an FFT approximation of the epileptic seizure.
Quantifying capture and ingestion of live feeds across three coral species
Authors: Saper Julia , Høj Lone , Humphrey Craig , Bourne David G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNutrient acquisition through heterotrophy is critical for the health of reef-building corals. The optimization of exogenous nutrition protocols to support a diversity of aquaculture corals requires improved techniques to assess feeding rates. Here, we compared the feeding rates of three coral species (Acropora millepora, Pocillopora acuta and Galaxea fascicularis) fed Artemia salina through capture rate (indirect) and dissection (direct) approaches, with direct detection and enumeration within dissected polyps facilitated by fluorescent microbeads ingested by the Artemia. When A. millepora was provided Artemia at 3 individuals ml−1 for one hour, the calculated capture rates (0.7 ind. polyp−1 h−1) overestimated prey ingested compared to prey detected directly within polyps (0.2 ind. polyp−1 h−1), and ingestion varied significantly between genotypes. In contrast, for P. acuta, capture rate calculations (1 ind. polyp−1 h−1) underestimated prey detected within polyps (3.5 ind. polyp−1 h−1) and ingestion did not vary between genotypes. For G. fascicularis, the feeding rates were similar as calculated by both capture rates (59 ind. polyp−1 h−1) and by polyp dissections (75 ind. polyp−1 h−1). Results from this study provide valuable insights into coral feeding rates of different coral species that can improve prey enrichment and feeding strategies for nutritional supplementation of corals in captivity.
Nonparametric estimation of the shape functions and related asymptotic results
Authors: Jiménez-Gamero M. D. , Pardo-Fernández J. C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArriaza et al (Metrika 82:99–124, 2019) introduced the right and left shape functions, which enjoy interesting properties in terms of describing the global form of a distribution. This paper proposes and studies nonparametric estimators of those functions. The estimators involve nonparametric estimation of the quantile and density functions. Pointwise and uniform consistency are proved under general regularity assumptions, as well as the limit in law. Simulations are included to study the practical performance of the proposed estimators. The analysis of a real data set illustrates the methodology.
Task integration in complex, bimanual sequence learning tasks
Authors: Beißel Patrick , Künzell Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSequence learning and multitasking studies have largely focused on simple motor skills, which cannot be directly transferred to the plethora of complex skills found outside of laboratory conditions. Established theories e.g. for bimanual tasks and task integration thus have to be reassessed in the context of complex motor skills. We hypothesize that under more complex conditions, task integration facilitates motor learning, impedes or suppresses effector-specific learning and can still be observed despite partial secondary task interference. We used the Ξ-apparatus to assess the learning success of six groups in a bimanual dual-task, in which we manipulated the degree of possible integration between the right-hand and the left-hand sequences. We could show that task integration positively influences the learning of these complex, bimanual skills. However, the integration impedes but not fully suppresses effector-specific learning, as we could measure reduced hand-specific learning. Task integration improves learning despite the disruptive effect of partial secondary task interference, but its mitigating effect is only effective to some extent. Overall, the results suggest that previous insights on sequential motor learning and task integration can largely also be applied to complex motor skills.
Third International Consensus Conference on lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast (B3 lesions)
Authors: Elfgen Constanze , Leo Cornelia , Kubik-Huch Rahel A. , Muenst Simone , Schmidt Noemi , Quinn Cecily , McNally Sorcha , van Diest Paul J. , Mann Ritse M , Bago-Horvath Zsuzsanna , Bernathova Maria , Regitnig Peter , Fuchsjäger Michael , Schwegler-Guggemos Daniela , Maranta Martina , Zehbe Sabine , Tausch Christoph , Güth Uwe , Fallenberg Eva Maria , Schrading Simone , Kothari Ashutosh , Sonnenschein Martin , Kampmann Gert , Kulka Janina , Tille Jean-Christophe , Körner Meike , Decker Thomas , Lax Sigurd F. , Daniaux Martin , Bjelic-Radisic Vesna , Kacerovsky-Strobl Stephanie , Condorelli Rosaria , Gnant Michael , Varga Zsuzsanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe heterogeneous group of B3 lesions in the breast harbors lesions with different malignant potential and progression risk. As several studies about B3 lesions have been published since the last Consensus in 2018, the 3rd International Consensus Conference discussed the six most relevant B3 lesions (atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), flat epithelial atypia (FEA), classical lobular neoplasia (LN), radial scar (RS), papillary lesions (PL) without atypia, and phyllodes tumors (PT)) and made recommendations for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Following a presentation of current data of each B3 lesion, the international and interdisciplinary panel of 33 specialists and key opinion leaders voted on the recommendations for further management after core-needle biopsy (CNB) and vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). In case of B3 lesion diagnosis on CNB, OE was recommended in ADH and PT, whereas in the other B3 lesions, vacuum-assisted excision was considered an equivalent alternative to OE. In ADH, most panelists (76%) recommended an open excision (OE) after diagnosis on VAB, whereas observation after a complete VAB-removal on imaging was accepted by 34%. In LN, the majority of the panel (90%) preferred observation following complete VAB-removal. Results were similar in RS (82%), PL (100%), and FEA (100%). In benign PT, a slim majority (55%) also recommended an observation after a complete VAB-removal. VAB with subsequent active surveillance can replace an open surgical intervention for most B3 lesions (RS, FEA, PL, PT, and LN). Compared to previous recommendations, there is an increasing trend to a de-escalating strategy in classical LN. Due to the higher risk of upgrade into malignancy, OE remains the preferred approach after the diagnosis of ADH.
A novel methodology for multi-agent decision-making based on N-soft sets
Authors: Alcantud José Carlos R. , Santos-García Gustavo , Akram Muhammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMulti-criteria decision analysis with multiple agents provides tools for the research and development of intelligent applications. The solution strategy depends largely on the structure of the data. In this paper we propose a decide-then-merge approach to the problem of multi-agent multi-criteria decision-making when each individual data comes in the form of an N-soft set. To this purpose, we present a methodology that works in two steps. First, with each individual input we associate a ranking. This can be done in several ways, since individual decisions based on N-soft sets are well developed. Then with the help of voting theory, we merge all these rankings and produce a final ranking of the alternatives. The steps of this method are explained with synthetic examples. We argue that the proposed strategy is highly adaptable because both stages of our scheme can be customized by the user. A real case study in the framework of Operational Research illustrates the application of this method in detail. Finally, we perform a comparative analysis with existing methodologies.
Serum bicarbonate concentration and the risk of death in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Chubb S. A. Paul , Davis Wendy A. , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aims
To examine whether all-cause mortality is independently associated with serum bicarbonate concentration below the laboratory reference interval in a representative, well-characterised community-based cohort of people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
1478 FDS2 participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.8 years, 51.6% males, median diabetes duration 9.0 years) from the longitudinal, observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2) were followed from study entry to death or end-2016. Independent associates of a low baseline serum bicarbonate (< 22 mmol/L) were determined using multiple logistic regression. The role of important covariates in influencing the association between bicarbonate and mortality was assessed by a stepwise Cox regression approach.

Results
A low serum bicarbonate was associated with increased all-cause mortality in unadjusted analysis (hazard ratio (HR) 1.90 (95% confidence limits (CL) 1.39, 2.60 per mmol/L). Mortality remained significantly associated with low serum bicarbonate (HR 1.40 (95% CL 1.01, 1.94) per mmol/L) in a Cox regression model with adjustment for factors associated with mortality but not low serum bicarbonate, but inclusion of estimated glomerular filtration rate categories rendered the association non-significant (HR 1.16 (95% CL 0.83, 1.63) per mmol/L).

Conclusions
A low serum bicarbonate is not an independent prognostic marker in people with type 2 diabetes but it may be a manifestation of the pathway between the development of impaired renal function and death.
The occurrence, progression and development of four types of gastric mucosal atrophic lesions and their histopathological characteristics
Authors: Wang Yangkun , Zhou Junling , Meng Nianlong , Yang Binfeng , Zhu Chaoya , Jiang Bo , Wang Sunan , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the occurrence and development of gastric mucosal atrophic lesions and their histopathological characteristics.

Methods
Histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemical staining using the EnVision two-step method were conducted on 1969 gastric mucosal atrophic lesions obtained from gastroscopic biopsy specimens. A total of 48-month three-stage endoscopic biopsy follow-ups were performed.

Results
When the gastric mucosal epithelium was affected by infection, chemical irritation, or immune or genetic factors, the gastric mucosal epithelium glands atrophied, the mucosa became thinner, the number of glands decreased, the intestinal epithelium progressed to metaplasia and smooth muscle fibre became hyperplasia. Such changes may lead to the proliferation and dysplasia of epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa and neoplastic hyperplasia in nature; this is referred to as gastric mucosal atrophic lesions in this study. According to this definition, the present study divided gastric mucosal atrophy into four types: (1) glandular atrophy of the lamina propria; (2) compensatory proliferative atrophy; (3) intestinal metaplasia atrophy; and (4) smooth muscle proliferative atrophy. The incidence rates of the above were 40.1% (789/1969), 14.3% (281/1969), 27.8% (547/1969) and 17.9% (352/1969), respectively. One- to 4-year follow-ups found that the changes were not significant and that the percentages of patients with disease exacerbation were 85.7% (1688/1969) and 9.8% (192/1969). The percentages of patients who developed low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were 2.8% (55/1969) and 1.1% (21/1969), respectively; 0.7% (13/1969) of patients developed intramucosal cancer.

Conclusion
Gastric mucosal atrophic lesions and histopathological staging are based on the morphological characteristics of gastric mucosal atrophy and the hypothesis of malignant transformation of cells during the occurrence and development of mucosal atrophy. Mastering pathological staging is beneficial to clinicians for enacting precise treatment and is important for reducing the incidence of gastric cancer.
Up for the task? Local health authorities and communal health in Germany
Authors: Bauschke Rafael , Hennig Lisa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aim
Public health depends on effective structures at all administrative levels. Focusing on the case of Germany, this study assesses the capabilities of local health authorities and how these organisations fulfil their role within the communal health structures.

Subject and methods
German local health authorities; Explorative online survey.

Results
Local health authorities face some organisational deficiencies (mostly in expertise) in living up to their role within communal health structures. Despite these challenges, they do engage in exchange with municipalities and get involved in programmes and public health surveillance.

Conclusion
To strengthen public health and increase the effectiveness of health administrative structures, it would be wise to provide the necessary resources at the local level and to reassess the scope and mandate of local health authorities.