bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long hard road of reconciliation: Prefiguring cultures of peace through the transformation of representations of former combatants and identities of urban youth in Colombia
Authors: Fonseca Laura , Jovchelovitch Sandra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Colombian peace accords of 2016 involved a formal commitment to peace between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia‐People's Army (FARC‐EP in Spanish) and the national government. Despite this advance, societal reconciliation and sustainable peace remain key challenges. Through a longitudinal qualitative design, we investigate the encounter between former guerrilla members and urban university students in a community‐based educational space in rural Colombia. Drawing on a social representational approach, we focus on youth's representations of self (students), the remote other (former guerrilla members) and peace and reconciliation as they are produced before, during and after the encounter. Participants were 24 students enrolled in a service‐learning course at an urban university in Bogotá. Data collection included written narratives, audio‐visual material, focus groups and interviews. Thematic analyses show that as urban youth meet, spend time, and share space and common activities with the former combatants, both representations and identities are transformed. These transformations in self–other understandings unsettle hegemonic narratives supporting an ethos of conflict and introduce alternative representations that prefigure the consolidation of peace‐supporting counternarratives. Our results highlight both the resilience of hegemonic narratives and the long‐term effects of small‐scale educational knowledge encounters for producing agents of peace, recognising the other and prefiguring social change. Reconciliation as process must be thus understood as the uneven development of meaningful self–other interactionsthat recasts the social fabric as interdependent and builds shared intentionality for achieving sustainable peace.
Application of the PAPP/MCA/APP intumescent flame retardant system in polypropylene
Authors: Meng Zhenhao , Liu Yang , Wang Song , Zhang Ailing , Li Sanxi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmmonium polyphosphate (APP), piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP), and melamine cyanurate (MCA) were used as raw materials to develop an intumescent flame retardant system (IFRS) for polypropylene (PP). The synergistic flame retardancy among APP, PAPP, and MCA was explored. The effect of the proportion of APP, PAPP, and MCA on the IFRS flame‐retardant performance was studied. For the range of samples tested, the IFRS with the proportion of PAPP, MCA, and APP at 4:1:7.5 showed the best flame retardancy. When the addition of PAPP/MCA/APP IFRS in PP was 20%, the prepared flame‐retardant PP composite (PP‐PMA‐3) passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Moreover, the PP‐PMA‐3 total heat release (THR) decreased by 46.4% compared with PP‐0. Meanwhile, PAPP/MCA/APP IFRS showed good smoke suppression performance because the total smoke production (TSP) of PP‐PMA‐3 decreased by 65.0% compared with PP‐0. In addition, the high flame retardancy and the flame‐retardant mechanism of the prepared IFRS was explained.
Whole‐brain analyses indicate the impairment of posterior integration and thalamo‐frontotemporal broadcasting in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Panda Rajanikant , López‐González Ane , Gilson Matthieu , Gosseries Olivia , Thibaut Aurore , Frasso Gianluca , Cecconi Benedetta , Escrichs Anira ,   Coma Science Group Collaborators, Deco Gustavo , Laureys Steven , Zamora‐López Gorka , Annen Jitka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study of the brain's dynamical activity is opening a window to help the clinical assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness. For example, glucose uptake and the dysfunctional spread of naturalistic and synthetic stimuli has proven useful to characterize hampered consciousness. However, understanding of the mechanisms behind loss of consciousness following brain injury is still missing. Here, we study the propagation of endogenous and in‐silico exogenous perturbations in patients with disorders of consciousness, based upon directed and causal interactions estimated from resting‐state fMRI data, fitted to a linear model of activity propagation. We found that patients with disorders of consciousness suffer decreased capacity for neural propagation and responsiveness to events, and that this can be related to severe reduction of glucose metabolism as measured with [18F]FDG‐PET. In particular, we show that loss of consciousness is related to the malfunctioning of two neural circuits: the posterior cortical regions failing to convey information, in conjunction with reduced broadcasting of information from subcortical, temporal, parietal and frontal regions. These results shed light on the mechanisms behind disorders of consciousness, triangulating network function with basic measures of brain integrity and behavior.
Multiscale attention network for retinal vein occlusion classification with multicolor image
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Ding Yanhui , Zheng Yuanjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, automatic diagnostic approaches widely use various retinal images to classify ocular diseases. And retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. In clinical practice, ophthalmologists are usually accustomed to resorting to images of one modality. But single‐modality images often ignore other modality‐specific information. To solve this problem, this paper uses a novel retinal imaging, the multicolor (MC) imaging, for RVO recognition. It can obtain four multiple modal images with different wavelengths to provide much richer information about retinal features. Since the MC images contain local and global pathologies at multiple scales, a multiscale attention structure is proposed to recognize RVO. In simple terms, this structure uses Resnet as the backbone network for feature extraction, with simultaneous input of images in four modalities. Then, the feature maps at different scales are fed into an attention module to fuse the global and local features, which combines two attention mechanisms, the channel attention mechanism and the spatial attention mechanism. The extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework achieves quite promising classification performance on the fundus diseases and normal images.
Osteoblast and bacterial cell response on RGD peptide‐functionalized chitosan coatings electrophoretically deposited from different suspensions on Ti13Nb13Zr alloy
Authors: Pawłowski Łukasz , Mania Szymon , Banach‐Kopeć Adrianna , Bartmański Michał , Ronowska Anna , Jurak Kacper , Mielewczyk‐Gryń Aleksandra , Karska Natalia , Rodziewicz‐Motowidło Sylwia , Zieliński Andrzej 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetallic materials for long‐term load‐bearing implants still do not provide high antimicrobial activity while maintaining strong compatibility with bone cells. This study aimed to modify the surface of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy by electrophoretic deposition of a chitosan coating with a covalently attached Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide. The suspensions for coating deposition were prepared in two different ways either using hydroxyacetic acid or a carbon dioxide saturation process. The coatings were deposited using a voltage of 10 V for 1 min. The prepared coatings were examined using SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XPS techniques. In addition, the wettability of these surfaces, corrosion resistance, adhesion of the coatings to the metallic substrate, and their antimicrobial activity (E. coli, S. aureus) and cytocompatibility properties using the MTT and LDH assays were studied. The coatings produced tightly covered the metallic substrate. Spectroscopic studies confirmed that the peptide did not detach from the chitosan chain during electrophoretic deposition. All tested samples showed high corrosion resistance (corrosion current density measured in nA/cm2). The deposited coatings contributed to a significant increase in the antimicrobial activity of the samples against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria (reduction in bacterial counts from 99% to, for CS‐RGD‐Acid and the S. aureus strain, total killing capacity). MTT and LDH results showed high compatibility with bone cells of the modified surfaces compared to the bare substrate (survival rates above 75% under indirect contact conditions and above 100% under direct contact conditions). However, the adhesion of the coatings was considered weak.
The Effects of Gross Cranial Nerve Invasion on Oncologic Outcomes in Patients with HPV(+)OPSCC
Authors: Zhu Agnes , O'Byrne Thomas J. , Haller Travis J. , Martin Eliot , Moore Eric J. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThis study examines oncologic outcomes in patients with HPV‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV(+)OPSCC) who had evidence of gross cranial nerve invasion (CNI) identified at the time of surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study comparing demographics, clinical features, and outcomes of HPV(+)OPSCC patients with and without gross CNI.MethodsPatients with biopsy proven HPV(+)OPSCC involving the base of tongue, tonsil, or unknown primary site, who underwent surgery as a part of their treatment between 1/1/2006–12/31/2020 (n = 874), were included in this study. Gross CNI was identified during operative intervention (n = 36). Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 and R version 3.6.2. P‐values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsHPV(+)OPSCC patients with gross CNI were nearly 5 times as likely to suffer death by cancer (HR = 5.41, 95% CI 2.51 to 11.67, p < 0.0001), over 4 times as likely to see disease progression (HR = 4.25, 95% CI 2.31 to 7.84, p < 0.0001), and nearly 5 times as likely to experience metastasis (HR = 4.46, 95% CI 2.20 to 9.06, p < 0.0001) when compared to patients without CNI. Patients with gross CNI had significantly lower overall survival, cancer‐specific survival, progression‐free survival, and distant‐metastasis free survival (p < 0.0001). Patients with gross CNI were significantly more likely to present with higher clinical N stage, higher pathological N stage and extracapsular spread than patients without gross CNI.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the presence of CNI is associated with significantly poorer oncologic outcomes in HPV(+)OPSCC patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:170–177, 2024
Trendbericht Technische Chemie 2023
Authors: Moioli Emanuele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDie Energiewende stellt neue Forderungen an die Verfügbarkeit von Rohstoffen – das verändert das Aufgabengebiet der technischen Chemie. Gefragt sind neue Methoden, um lastflexible Reaktoren zu optimieren, und Prozesse, die sich an die Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen anpassen.
Chemiedidaktik: Wasserstofftechnik in der Plastikbox
Authors: Meggyes Vivien , Banerji Amitabh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAus Alltagsmaterialien können Schüler:innen eine Mini‐Zelle zur Wasserelektrolyse und eine Brennstoffzelle selbst bauen und so deren Prinzipien kennen lernen. Solche und weitere Experimente entwickeln Wissenschaftler:innen im Projekt „TeacH2 Tomorrow: low‐cost Wasserstofftechnologien“.
Miniaturisierung: Tröpfchen fürs Screening
Authors: Demir Konstantin , Festel Gunter , Friedrichson Tim , Levkin Pavel , Popova Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDroplet‐Microarrays können Mikrotiterplatten in Screening‐Anwendungen ersetzen. In der biowissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung sowie der Wirkstoffforschung, in diagnostischen Anwendungen und der Präzisionsmedizin lassen sich damit Zellen und Reagenzien untersuchen.
Tote als Zeugen: Carl Remigius Fresenius und die forensische Analytik
Authors: Gros Leo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIm Jahr 1836 entwickelte James Marsh eine Nachweismethode, mit der Arsen in Mordopfern nachweisbar war. Der analytische Chemiker Carl Remigius Fresenius arbeitete daran, Arsen und Antimon sicher zu unterscheiden. Zwei Kriminalfälle aus dem 19. Jahrhundert sind gut dokumentiert, in denen Fresenius mit seinen analytischen Arbeiten dazu beitrug, vor Gericht Schuld und Unschuld zu beweisen.
Nachruf: Stefan Berger (1946 – 2023)
Authors: Günther Harald , Matysik Jörg , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStefan Berger war einer der großen Lehrer der magnetischen Kernresonanz‐Spektroskopie (NMR), viele seiner Werke sind Klassiker.
Effect of intensive care unit diary on quality of life of intensive care unit survivors and their relatives: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Donghui , Ji Xiaoli , Li Yaxin , Liang YueNing , Chen Jia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the current literature on the effect of ICU diaries on the quality of life of ICU survivors and their relatives.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched the online databases Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang from inception to April 2021. Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess the methodological quality.ResultsSeven studies were identified. ICU diaries improved the QoL of ICU survivors (SMD 0.79, 95% CI 0.24–1.34), and a small study described no benefit of diaries in improving the QoL of relatives.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis revealed the use of ICU diaries to improve the QoL in survivors, but the ICU diaries do not have a beneficial effect on the QoL in relatives. The evidence summarized in our study is limited and biased, and more research should be carried out to verify it.
Antibacterial and Anti‐inflammatory Effects of Clarithromycin‐Loaded Poly(l‐Lactide) Membrane in Rabbit Postoperation Model of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zhang Tao , Chen Zhengming , Zheng Hongliang , Cheng Ruoyu , Lian Bijun , Zhu Chengjing , Cui Wenguo , Tang Haihong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveMacrolide antibiotics are often used to prevent infection and inflammation after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effects of the clarithromycin‐loaded poly(‐lactide) (CLA‐PLLA) membrane and its mechanism.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingAnimal Experiment Center.MethodsWe compared the difference between poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) and CLA‐PLLA membranes by observing the morphology of fibrous scaffolds, measuring water contact angle, tensile strength, and drug release capacity, and evaluating the antimicrobial activity of CLA‐PLLA. Twenty‐four rabbits were divided into a PLLA group and a CLA‐PLLA group after establishing CRS models. Another 5 normal rabbits comprised the control group. After 3 months, we placed the PLLA membrane in the nasal cavity of the PLLA group and the CLA‐PLLA membrane in the CLA‐PLLA group. Then, 14 days later, we evaluated the histological and ultrastructural changes in the sinus mucosa, protein, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α, transforming growth factor‐β1, α‐smooth muscle actin, and type I collagen.ResultsThe CLA‐PLLA membrane showed no significant difference in physical performance to the PLLA membrane, which continuously released 95% of the clarithromycin (CLA) for 2 months. The CLA‐PLLA membrane had significant bacteriostatic properties that can improve the morphology of mucosal tissues, and inhibit protein and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, CLA‐PLLA also inhibited the expression of fibrosis‐associated marker molecules.ConclusionThe CLA‐PLLA membrane released CLA slowly and continuously, providing antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects in a rabbit model of postoperative CRS.
Surgical and Biochemical Outcomes in Nerve Monitored Reoperation Surgery for Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Patel Krupa R. , Wang Bo , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Okose Okenwa C. , Ma Honghzhi , Behr Ian J. , Cheung Anthony Y. , Saito Yoshiyuki , Kamani Dipti , Silver Karcioglu Amanda , Liddy Whitney , Takami Hiroshi , Cunnane MaryBeth , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo study the surgical and biochemical outcomes in nerve‐monitored reoperation or revision surgery for recurrent thyroid cancers.Study DesignA single‐center retrospective study.SettingTertiary center.MethodsWe identified patients with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who underwent reoperation/revision surgery. Study outcomes were surgical complications frequency, recurrence, distant metastasis, and biological complete response (BCR) by comparing preoperative and postoperative thyroglobulin (Tg) levels.ResultsOut of 227 patients, 33.9% presented for ≥2 reoperation surgeries. Nineteen (8.4%) had permanent preoperative hypoparathyroidism while 22 patients (9.7%) had preoperative vocal cord paralysis (VCP). Following reoperation surgery, there were 12 cases (5.3%) of permanent hypocalcemia and no cases of unexpected postoperative VCP. BCR was achieved in 31 patients (35.2%) with complete Tg data. Mean preoperative Tg was 47.7 ng/mL and was 19.7 ng/mL postoperatively (p = .003). The cervical nodal recurrence rate after final surgery was 7.0% (n = 16).ConclusionReoperation surgery for recurrent PTC may help achieve biochemical remission regardless of age or the number of prior surgeries.
A quadratic decoder approach to nonintrusive reduced‐order modeling of nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Benner Peter , Goyal Pawan , Heiland Jan , Pontes Duff Igor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLinear projection schemes like Proper Orthogonal Decomposition can efficiently reduce the dimensions of dynamical systems but are naturally limited, e.g., for convection‐dominated problems. Nonlinear approaches have shown to outperform linear methods in terms of dimension reduction versus accuracy but, typically, come with a large computational overhead. In this work, we consider a quadratic reduction scheme which induces nonlinear structures that are well accessible to tensorized linear algebra routines. We discuss that nonintrusive approaches can be used to simultaneously reduce the complexity in the equations and propose an operator inference formulation that respects dynamics on nonlinear manifolds.
Topology optimization of a rotating electric machine by the topological derivative
Authors: Gangl Peter , Krenn Nepomuk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider the topology optimization of a rotating electric machine in magnetoquasistatic operation in two space dimensions. This amounts to a topology optimization problem subject to a parabolic PDE constraint on a moving domain which we intend to solve by means of the topological derivative concept. For that purpose, we consider a topological perturbation of the materials in the space‐time cylinder along a trajectory given by the rotation of the machine. Using a Lagrangian approach, we derive the topological derivative formula, which depends on the solution of an exterior problem that is bounded in time and unbounded in the space directions. We use this sensitivity information for the design optimization of an electric motor by means of a level set method.
About the applicability of the theory of porous media for the modelling of non‐isothermal material injection into porous structures
Authors: Völter Jan-Sören L. , Ricken Tim , Röhrle Oliver 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this contribution we investigate the relevance of the theory of porous media for the non‐isothermal modelling of material injection into porous structures. In particular, we provide a model describing the injection of cement during percutaneous vertebroplasty, which is derived by consistently following the theory of porous media. We demonstrate numerically that this model elicits unphysical behaviour under local thermal non‐equilibrium conditions. No distinct unphysical behaviour is observed under local thermal equilibrium conditions. We conclude that heuristic modifications of the model equations are necessary and suspect the unphysical behaviour to be caused by contradictory modelling assumptions.
Improved time integration for phase‐field crystal models of solidification
Authors: Punke Maik , Wise Steven M. , Voigt Axel , Salvalaglio Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe optimize a numerical time‐stabilization routine for a class of phase‐field crystal (PFC) models of solidification. By numerical experiments, we demonstrate that our simple approach can improve the accuracy of underlying time integration schemes by a few orders of magnitude. We investigate different time integration schemes. Moreover, as a prototypical example for applications, we extend our numerical approach to a PFC model of solidification with an explicit temperature coupling.
Frequency domain full waveform inversion with small‐scale laboratory measurements for reconnaissance in mechanized tunneling
Authors: Riedel Christopher , Musayev Khayal , Baitsch Matthias , Hackl Klaus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn mechanized tunneling, so‐called tunnel boring machines (TBMs) drill through the ground in an automatized manner. Therefore, the drilling process is very efficient but the maintenance costs are high. Seismic exploration seems appropriate to identify changing ground conditions in front of the TBM to reduce costs from damages of the TBM and from the corresponding dwell times. Today's seismic exploration techniques are using only a small amount of the information, which is contained in the seismic records from field observations, whereas full waveform inversion (FWI) tries to use the whole content. The potential of different FWI approaches for the application in mechanized tunneling has been investigated. An analysis of the performance of FWI not only employing synthetic examples but additionally measured waveforms is essential. Since seismic surveys at the construction side are not performed with FWI in mind, the data sets are usually not appropriate for testing the developed algorithms. Nevertheless, a validation of FWI approaches by measured waveforms is possible by using waveform recordings from a small‐scale experimental setup. A small‐scale super high strength grout specimen is constructed for validating an adjoint frequency domain FWI approach. Frequency domain models compute the seismic response of a system for an infinite time interval. The attenuation of the material as well as the attenuation effects at the free surfaces are hard to quantify over an infinite time interval. Therefore, the specimen is designed in a way that four of the six borders can be modeled as absorbing boundaries. For this purpose, the displacement recordings are truncated just before the waves that are reflected at the excluded borders arrive at the measurement points. This design in combination with a notch representing a rectangular tunnel makes the measurements more similar to data from a tunnel construction side. A rectangular hole is embedded in the specimen and acts as material discontinuity, which the FWI approach is aiming to detect.