bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Geo-Environmental and Social Impacts of Koottickal and Kokkayar Landslides
Authors: krishnan Jiji , Jacob Susan , Stanly Sneha , Nelson Sam , Philip Sara , Joshi Mebin , Mathew Niniya , Nair Vishnu R , Benoy Ann Raichel , Antony Deepu Cyriac 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Many countries allocate significant resources and labour to mitigate natural hazards, particularly landslides, due to their potential for casualties, property damage, and loss of life worldwide. Over the years, geotechnical and environmental investigations have been conducted to gain a better understanding of landslides. Heavy rain on October 16th, 2021, triggered a devastating landslide in Kerala. Thirteen people were killed, and significant damage was caused by the landslides in Koottickal (Kottayam) and Kokkayar (Idukki). Two separate landslides were reported in Plappalli and Kavali, destroying three shops and three houses. In addition, two footbridges and five bridges were structurally damaged. The study explores the geo-environmental and social characteristics of this catastrophic event due to the heavy rainfall and infiltration around highly fragile and vulnerable geographical surroundings. An environmental Study of the Koottickal and Kokkayar landslide examined the adverse effects on the environment, focusing on the sediment transport that destroyed flora and contamination of water resources that resulted in water pollution. As a result of analysing primary and secondary data, the effects of the landslide have been identified to some extent. Social impacts of the Koottickal landslide have been discussed considering the future development of Koottickal and Kokkayar village as a tourist destination, maintaining the diversity of flora and fauna, and conserving the water source, the perennial river Manimala, which keeps the village a fertile land. Geotechnical and environmental characteristics of the soil are examined in the study. It aims to contribute to a better understanding of landslide dynamics, help formulate effective mitigation strategies, and promote sustainable development practices in landslide-prone areas.
Weight loss outcomes are generally worse for dogs and cats with class II obesity, defined as &gt;40% overweight
Authors: Broome Harriet Ash Oliver , Woods-Lee Georgiana Rowan Theadora , Flanagan John , Biourge Vincent , German Alexander James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In pet dogs and cats, adiposity is usually estimated clinically using a 9-point body condition score (BCS), with BCS 9 equating to 40% overweight. Animals that are > 40% overweight are not depicted, but it is unclear both how prevalent they are and whether being > 40% overweight affects weight loss outcomes. Records of dogs and cats attending a specialist obesity care clinic, where adiposity is instead determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, were reviewed. Animals were assigned to two classes (class I ≤ 40% overweight: 118/398 [40%] dogs and 68/116 [59%] cats; class II, > 40% overweight: 180/398 [60%] dogs and 48/116 [41%] cats) and weight loss outcomes assessed. Compared with class I, fewer class II obesity dogs completed weight management (P < 0.001), rate of weight loss was slower (P = 0.012) and lean tissue loss was greater (P < 0.001). Cats with class II obesity lost more weight (P = 0.048) albeit over a longer period (P = 0.043), and also lost more lean tissue (P = 0.004) than cats in class I. Approximately half the pets presenting to a specialist clinic were > 40% overweight and are, therefore, not well depicted using the current 9-point BCS. Weight loss outcomes are generally worse for animals with class II obesity than those with class I obesity.
Simulation of crop production and nitrogen uptake of rice under nitrogen management using the CERES-Rice model
Authors: Tari D.B. , Amiri Ebrahim , Bazkiaee P.A. , Araji H.A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To investigate CERES-Rice model, a field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2015 at the Rice Research Institute - Deputy of Mazandaran, Iran (Amol) to evaluate the CERES-Rice model. The experiment was designed and implemented as a factorial design based on a randomized completely block design with three replications. In the model calibration, nitrogen amounts were evaluated at four rates (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha− 1), and nitrogen splitting was evaluated at four levels. For model validation in 2014 and 2015, nitrogen rates were evaluated at three levels (60, 120, and 180 kg ha− 1), and nitrogen splitting was evaluated at four levels. Plant traits such as LAImax, grain yield, biomass, grain N content, and total plant N content were evaluated for model calibration and validation. The results showed that LAImax simulations performed well under calibration and validation conditions (R2 = 0.92 − 0.63, RMSEn = 19.2–23.8%, RMSE = 0.92 − 0.7), and a relatively acceptable level of accuracy was achieved for biomass in calibration and validation conditions (R2 = 0.9 − 0.76, RMSEn = 6.2–12.8%, RMSE = 831–1499 kg ha− 1). In calibration and validation, R2 values (0.9 − 0.83), RMSE (464 − 225 kg/ha), and RMSEn (7-3.4%) were obtained in simulations of grain yield. The model was evaluated based on R2 (0.55–0.83), RMSE (7.5–13.4 kg ha− 1), and RMSEn (6.2–14.3%) to determine its optimal accuracy in estimating the total nitrogen content of grains and plants. The results indicate that the CERES-Rice model was reliable enough for simulating grain yield and plant nitrogen content.
Mitochondrial COI and CTY B base study on genetic diversity of starling in Sargodha, Pakistan
Authors: Asif Iqra , Naseem Asif , Tahir Hira , Munir Asad , Ashraf Sana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Starling (sturnus roseus) is a migratory bird of Pakistan. In the last three decades, there has been a significant decrease in the number of migration including sturnus roseusfrom Siberia. Its survival is now endangered in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to analyse COI gene to generate barcode data on starling in Pakistan. The reason behind the selection is that there were no molecular base data on Rosy starling on CYTB gene.The present study have been also focused on the generation of molecular data for CYTB gene of starling to make easier the study of genetic diversity within specie.Feather samples of 15 starling were collected from different areas of district Sargodha.To carry out the identification by using the nucleotide sequence analysis genomic DNA was extracted from feather follical by Russel and Sambrook method.DNA sequence analysis of CYTB ,COI gene were performed to identify the species.The similarity index from BOLD and BLAST were used to confirm species identity. The species were identified as sturnus roseus. The maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis were performed to find the phylogenetic relationship by using MEGA X and Bioedit software. The results of this study indicate that molecular method play a vital role for the identificaion of species.Molecuelar approach also estimate the nucleic divergence with in a species.Futher study of barcode is needed in resolving the identification issue of starling in Pakistan. The genetic strategy is excellent shorthand for building a Starling database in Pakistan. In order to improve diversification of starling in Pakistan. This result will be first ever data to be submitted on CYTB gene of Rosy starling in NCBI BLAST. It will be helpful to improve genetic diversity of starling regarding conservation and management program.
Structural change and inequality in a general equilibrium model of a transition economy
Authors: Tyrowicz Joanna , Makarski Krzysztof , Lutynski Jan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The paper studies the evolution of wealth inequality in a transition country. We build an overlapping generations model which features heterogeneous workers and exogenous changes: (i) TFP growth along the path of macroeconomic convergence, (ii) a structural change shifting employment from manufacturing to services and increasing educational attainment, and (iii) gains in longevity. Using this model, we quantify the role of demographics and the structural change in the evolution of wealth inequality in Poland as of 1990. We show that structural change per se lowers wealth inequality, at least initially, thus a rise in wealth inequality due to growing longevity is lower in an economy undergoing a structural change. We provide an evaluation of a policy-relevant redistribution instrument.
JEL Codes: L16, E20, D63
Core-Shell Structure Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate Particles with Different Acrylonitrile Contents Improved Toughness of Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Resins
Authors: Liu Mengen , Tang Qianyi , Liu Bai-jun , ZHANG Ming-yao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Herein, core-shell structured grafted copolymer particles of poly(butyl acrylate) grafted polystyrene acrylonitrile (ASA) with different contents of acrylonitrile (AN) were prepared by emulsion graft polymerization. ASA resins were then obtained by melt blending of ASA graft copolymers with SAN (w/w, AN/St, 25/75) resins. This paper investigates the effect of acrylonitrile content in ASA graft copolymers on the mechanical properties of ASA resins. The particle size distribution, composition of ASA, cross-section morphology, and compatibility of the material were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results revealed the highest notched impact strength of ASA resin reaching up to 277.49 J/m at AN content of grafted SAN of 21%, equivalent to an 80% increase when compared to 25% AN content. The lap shear adhesion tests revealed excellent interfacial adhesion between the ASA particles and SAN matrix owing to the difference in AN. This significantly enhanced the toughness of the ASA resin. Additionally, the ASA particles displayed the widest particle size distribution. The synergistic toughening of small and large rubber particles also enhanced the impact resistance of ASA resin to a certain extent. Therefore, the excellent interfacial adhesion between ASA graft copolymer and SAN matrix and the synergistic toughening of large rubber particles together promote the toughness of ASA resin.
Hydrological Analysis of Stream Flow Characteristics of Huluka River, Abbay Basin
Authors: Bayana Darara Dabtara , Chalchisa Adisu Fikire 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

A thorough assessment of the magnitude and regularity of a river's low flow is necessary for planning and designing water resource projects. The catastrophic consequences of water scarcity have made it increasingly clear that low flow conditions are perilous. Another critical skill is the ability to anticipate low flow at any specific riverbank. The severity of low flows is affected by the way the terrain regulates water storage and release throughout time, which in turn is impacted by the climate. Huluka River is one of the main tributaries of the Abay River Basin, Ethiopia, which has significant ecological and economic value to the city of Ambo Town. Serious questions concerning the sufficiency of upcoming water withdrawals from this River, both in terms of quantity and quality, have been brought up by the rapid population increase of Ambo Town. However, knowledge of the magnitude and frequency of river runoff is necessary for both present-day and future water resource planning. This paper concentrate on the characteristics of Huluka River flow using stream flow record from 1995 to 2016. In addition, Hydrological index computations, such as FDC and fundamental discharge indices, determined the methodologies for flow characterization. In the areas of stream flow analysis and categorization, the zero-flow index was employed. Based on this index, the classification of stream flow was established. The study's findings demonstrate that the Huluka River has behavior of perennial stream and good ground water contribution to surface flow due to its high BFI value and low ZFI. The value provided for ZFI and BFI were 0.004% and 67%, respectively. The findings of this study offer important insights for water resource management.
Forward simulation of unfavorable geological bodies and analysis of waveform characteristics based on time domain finite difference method
Authors: Shuai You , Yang Renshu , Yang Liyun , Yun Duan , Xiangyu Liu , Chenglong Xiao , Xiang Zhang , Dongze Li 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Since there are few advanced detection studies on rock-breaking sources of shaft boring machines, this study establishes a forward evolution model of bad geological bodies based on the time-domain finite difference method(FDTD), and analyzes the waveform characteristics of seismic records by improving the time-frequency analysis method of HHT, and use wavelet variation for result verification, the applicability of this method to seismic signal analysis is verified. Research showed that the energy intensity of the direct wave is much greater than the energy intensity of the reflected wave, the main energy of the direct wave is concentrated between 0 ~ 90Hz, the main energy of the reflected wave is concentrated between 0 ~ 110Hz, and the overall energy of the cave in the bad geological body is the largest
Comparison of methods to identify and characterize Post-COVID syndrome using electronic health records and questionnaires
Authors: Bos Isabelle , Bosman Lisa , Hoek Rinske , Waarden Willemijn , Berends Matthijs S. , Homburg Maarten , Hartman Tim Olde , Muris Jean , Peters Lilian , Knottnerus Bart , Hek Karin , Verheij Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Some of those infected with coronavirus suffer from post-COVID syndrome (PCS). However, an uniform definition of PCS is lacking, causing uncertainty about the prevalence and nature of this syndrome. We aim to improve understanding by operationalizing different definitions of PCS in different data sources and describing features and clinical subtypes.
Methods: We use different methods and data sources. First, a cohort with electronic health records (EHR) from general practices (GPs) and GP out-of-hours-services combined with sociodemographic data for n≈1.000.000 individuals. Second, questionnaires among n=276 individuals who had been infected with coronavirus. Using both data sources, we operationalized definitions of PCS to calculate frequency and characteristics. In a subgroup of the EHR data we conducted community detection analyses to explore possible clinical subtypes of PCS.
Results: The frequency of PCS ranged from 15-33%, depending on the method and data source. Across all methods and definitions, the mean age of individuals with PCS was around 53 years and they were more often female. There were small sex differences in the type of symptoms and overall symptoms were persistent for 6 months. Exploratory network analysis revealed three possible clinical subtypes.
Discussion: We showed that frequency rates of post-COVID syndrome differ between methods and data sources, but characteristics of the affected individuals are quite stable. Overall, PCS is a heterogeneous syndrome affecting a significant group of individuals who need adequate care. Future studies should focus on care trajectories and qualitative measures such as experiences and quality of life of individuals living with PCS.
Defining nomograms for predicting the prognosis of early and late recurrence in gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy
Authors: Liu Chenming , Tao Feng , Lu Jialiang , Park Sungsoo , An Liang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: There are few studies on the predictive factors of early recurrence (ER) and late recurrence (LR) of advanced gastric cancer (GC) after curative surgery. Our study aims to explore the independent predictors influencing the prognosis between ER and LR in patients with advanced GC after curative intent surgery respectively. And we will further develop nomograms for prediction of post recurrence survival (PRS).
Materials and Method: Data of patients with GC who received radical gastrectomy was retrospectively collected. Recurrence was classified into ER and LR according to the two years after surgery as the cut-off value. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to explore significant predictors in our analysis. Then these significant predictors were integrated to construct nomograms.
Results: The 1-, 2- and 3-year probabilities of PRS in patients with ER were 30.00%, 16.36% and 11.82%, respectively. In contrast, the late group were 44.68%, 23.40%, and 23.30%, respectively. Low body mass index (HR=0.86, P=0.001), elevated monocytes count (HR=4.54, P=0.003) and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (HR=1.03, P=0.037) at the time of recurrence were risk factors of PRS after ER. Decreased hemoglobin (HR=0.97, P=0.008) and elavated neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (HR=1.06, P=0.045) at the time of recurrence were risk factors of PRS after LR. The calibration curves for probability of 1-, 2- and 3-year PRS showed excellent predictive effect. Internal validation C-indexes of PRS were 0.722 and 0.671 for ER and LR respectively.
Conclusion: In view of the different predictive factors of ER and LR of GC, the practical predictive model may help clinicians make reasonable decisions.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of Balantioides coli in pigs in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Si Junfei , Wang Lingyun , Yu Fuchang , Hu Suhui , Qi Meng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Balantioides coli is one of the common intestinal parasitic protozoa in pigs. In the present study, 801 fecal samples of pigs from seven farms in Xinjiang were identified based on ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 gene. The prevalence of B. coli was 4.2 % (34/801), with the highest infection rate of 18.9 % (18/95) occurred in Alaer, Xinjiang. B. coliwere detected in all age groups (pre-weaned pigs, post-weaned pigs, fattening pigs and sows), with the highest in fatteners (6.9 %, 9/129) and the lowest (1.2 %, 2/169) in pre-weaned pigs. Significant differences (P = 0.000) was found in different sampling sites, but not in age groups (P = 0.084). Sequence analysis indicated than two genetic variants, A (n = 11) and B (n = 23), were identified in all age groups. The present study indicated that the wide distribution and high genetic diversity of B. coli in pigs in Xinjiang. In addition, the exist of genetic variant A suggested that there is a potential threaten of B. coli for human health. More studies are needed to better understand the distributions and public health significance of B. coli in China.
Aerobic Exercise and Nano-curcumin Supplementation Prevent cancer symptom development through MAPK/ERK pathway
Authors: Ababd Zahra Vafaee Mastan , Chaman Nader Hamed , Hosseini Masoumeh , Maleki Amir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective/background: Impaired cell internal settings and its excessive proliferation causes the occurrence of various syndrom and diseases such as cancer. One of the cell signaling pathways that lead to these outcomes is the MAPK/ERK pathway. So, the goal of the present study is to investigate the effect of aerobic training and Nano-curcumin supplementation on RAS and ERK gene expression in rat muscle tissue. Materials and methods In this experimental study, 32 male wistar rats (aged 4–6 weeks, 130–150 g) were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 8/groups), including Control (C), Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise (MICT), Nano-Curcumin Supplementation (NCS) and moderate intensity aerobic exercise + Nano-curcumin (MICT + NCS). The training groups implemented the MICT for 4 weeks and 5 sessions per week. The Supplement groups received 80 mg/kg/day through oral gavage for 4 weeks. Genes expression of RAS and ERK were measured with real-time PCR method. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (P < 0.05). Findings: Results showed that 4 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise and Nano-curcumin supplementation significantly decreased the gene expression levels of RAS and ERK in muscle tissue of rats. Conclusion Implementation of 4 weeks of MICT combined with Nano-Curcumin supplementation, more efficiently alleviated the RAS/ERK gene expression as symptom development of cancer.
The Effects of Reproductive Variables on Child Mortality in Ethiopia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys from 2000 to 2016
Authors: Debere Hailu Refera , Adjiwanou Visseho 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The level and trends of child mortality are key indicators that explain the health and socioeconomic status of a country. In the last three decades, the world has shown significant improvement in reducing early childhood mortality. However, developing regions, particularly Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, still account for the largest proportion of newborn deaths. Ethiopia is one of five countries that account for half of new-born deaths worldwide.
Methods
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between selected reproductive factors and under-five mortality in Ethiopia. The study applies a discrete-time survival model to the data from four Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) from 2000 to 2016 to analyze the main and combined influence of three variables (preceding birth interval, maternal age at childbirth, and birth order) on child mortality.
Results
It was found that lengthening the preceding birth interval to 18–23, 24–35, 36–47 or 48 + months reduces the risk of under-five deaths by 30 percent (OR = 0.70), 46 percent (OR = 0.54), 56 percent (OR = 0.44) and 60 percent (OR = 0.40), respectively, compared to very short birth intervals (less than 18 months). Giving birth at ages 20–34 and 35 + reduces the risk by 34 percent (OR = 0.66) and 8 percent (OR = 0.92), respectively, compared to giving birth below age 20. The risk of under-five death of a child born 7th is higher by 17 percent (OR = 0.83) than that of a 2nd or 3rd -order child. Furthermore, the combined effect analysis shows that the risk of under-five mortality is high in births with a higher birth order at a young maternal age. In addition, lower birth order in older maternal age groups is associated with a high risk of under-five mortality. On the other hand, a relative analysis of the combined effect of maternal age at childbirth and birth interval shows that the risk of a short birth interval is higher among older than much younger mothers. Finally, the study also identified the risk of very short birth intervals, which is worst among higher birth order children.
Conclusion
It is not only one reproductive health variable that negatively affects child survival but their combination has the strongest effect. It is therefore recommended that policies in Ethiopia should address short birth intervals, young age of childbearing, and order of birth through an integrated strategy.