bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of Cancer Therapy in Children: A Comprehensive Review of Neuroimaging Findings
Authors: Snyder Elizabeth J. , Sarma Asha , Poussaint Tina Young , Krishnasarma Rekha , Pruthi Sumit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Complications of cancer therapy in children can result in a spectrum of neurologic toxicities that may occur at the initiation of therapy or months to years after treatment. Although childhood cancer remains rare, increasing survival rates mean that more children will be living longer after cancer treatment. Therefore, complications of cancer therapy will most likely occur with increasing frequency.
At times, it is very difficult to differentiate between therapeutic complications and other entities such as tumor recurrence, development of secondary malignancy, and infection (among other conditions). Radiologists often play a key role in the diagnosis and evaluation of pediatric patients with malignancies, and thus, awareness of imaging findings of cancer complications and alternative diagnoses is essential in guiding management and avoiding misdiagnosis. The aim of this review article is to illustrate the typical neuroimaging findings of cancer therapy–related toxicities, including both early and late treatment effects, highlighting pearls that may aid in making the appropriate diagnosis.
The Selective Trigeminal Nerve Motor Branching Transfer: an Preliminary Clinical Application for Facial Reanimation
Authors: Liu Yuchao , Yao Linli , Li Chunli , Huang Xi , Tan Yuan , Wei JiaHui , Chen Pei 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of selective trigeminal nerve motor branching in the repair of facial palsy.

Materials and Methods:
The clinical data of patients with advanced facial palsy from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including pictures and videos before and 18 months after surgery. The House-Brackmann grading system was used to evaluate facial nerve function before and after repair, and the symmetry scale of oral commissure at rest and Terzis’ smile functional evaluation scale were used to qualitatively assess the symmetry of the mouth angle and smile function. The distance of oral commissure movement was assessed to evaluate the dynamic repair effect, and the FaCE facial muscle function scale was used to assess patients’ subjective perception before and after surgery.

Results:
A total of four patients were included in the study, all of whom showed signs of recovery of facial nerve function within six months. In all four cases, significant improvements were observed in House-Brackmann ratings, the smile function score and the symmetry scale of oral commissure at rest. Compared to the pre-operative period, the four patients demonstrated various degrees of eye-closing function recovery, and a significant improvement in oral commissure movement was observed (P<0.001). FaCE scores also improved significantly after surgery (P=0.019).

Conclusion:
Concurrent selective facial nerve repair with trigeminal branch-facial nerve anastomosis resulted in eye-closing function recovery while improving static and dynamic symmetry, yielding acceptable postoperative results.
Maxillomandibular Advancement for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Long-Term Results of Respiratory Function and Reverse Face-Lift
Authors: Laganà Francesco , Arcuri Francesco , Spinzia Alessia , Bianchi Bernardo 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
Scientific literature considers maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) as the most effective surgical treatment for the management of adult obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Maxillomandibular advancement enlarges the pharyngeal space by expanding the skeletal framework. Moreover, it projects the soft tissue of the cheeks, the mouth, and the nose in the aging face, which is characterized by multiple signs affecting the middle third and the lower third. The potential of orthognathic surgery (double jaw surgical advancement) of expanding the skeletal foundation to increase the facial drape support and to rejuvenate the face by a “reverse face-lift” is now recognized. The aim of this study was to review the surgical outcomes after MMA in terms of respiratory function and assessment of facial esthetics.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients affected by OSAS who underwent maxillomandibular advancement between January 2010 and December 2015 in 2 tertiary hospitals (IRCCS Policlinico San Martino of Genoa and IRCCS Policlinico Ca’ Granda of Milan). During the postoperative follow-up examination, all patients underwent polysomnographic examination and esthetic assessment to evaluate the respiratory function and facial rejuvenation after double jaw surgical advancement.

Results:
The final study sample included 25 patients (5 females, 20 males). The overall success rate of the surgical treatment (apnea/hypopnea index, AHI <20) was 79%; the overall rate of surgical cure (AHI <5) was 47%. Twenty-three patients (92%) showed a degree of rejuvenation after MMA.

Conclusions:
Maxillomandibular advancement is currently the most effective surgical treatment for the management of OSAS in adult patients who are not responders to medical treatment. “Reverse face-lift” is the consequence of the double jaw surgical advancement.
Analysis of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19 Compared to Non-COVID Etiologies
Authors: Ruhi-Williams Perisa , Wu Baolin , Nahmias Jeffry , Sagebin Fabio , Fazl Alizadeh Reza , Gadde Kishore , Amin Alpesh , Nguyen Ninh T. 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
This study analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of veno-venous (V-V) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 versus from non-COVID causes at US academic centers.

Background Data:
V-V ECMO support has been utilized for COVID-19 patients with ARDS since the beginning of the pandemic. Mortality for ECMO in COVID-19 has been reported to be high but similar to reported mortality for ECMO support for non-COVID causes of respiratory failure.

Methods:
Using ICD-10 codes, data of patients who underwent V-V ECMO for COVID-19 ARDS were compared to patients who underwent V-V ECMO for non-COVID causes between April 2020 and December 2022. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome measures included length of stay (LOS) and direct cost. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed to analyze differences in mortality between COVID and non-COVID groups adjusting for other important risk factors (age, sex and race/ethnicity).

Results:
We identified and compared 6,382 patients who underwent V-V ECMO for non-COVID causes to 6,040 patients who underwent V-V ECMO for COVID-19. There was a significantly higher proportion of patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent V-V ECMO in the non-COVID group compared to the COVID group (19.8% vs. 3.7%, respectively, P<0.001). Compared to patients who underwent V-V ECMO for non-COVID causes, patients who underwent V-V ECMO for COVID had increased in-hospital mortality (47.6% vs 34.5%, P<0.001), LOS (46.5±41.1 days vs. 40.6±46.1, P<0.001), and direct hospitalization cost ($207,022±$208,842 vs $198,508±205,510, P=0.02). Compared to the non-COVID group, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for in-hospital mortality in the COVID group was 2.03 (95% CI: 1.87–2.20, P<0.001). In-hospital mortality for V-V ECMO in COVID-19 improved during the study time period (50.3% in 2020, 48.6% in 2021, and 37.3% in 2022). However, there was a precipitous drop in the ECMO case volume for COVID starting in quarter 2 of 2022.

Conclusions:
In this nationwide analysis, COVID-19 patients with ARDS requiring V-V ECMO support had increased mortality compared to patients who underwent V-V ECMO for non-COVID etiologies.
Longitudinal study evaluating post-ICU syndrome differences between acute care surgery and trauma SICU survivors
Authors: Bottom-Tanzer Samantha F. , Poyant Janelle O. , Louzada Maria T. , Abela Daniele , Boudouvas Abbey , Poon Eileen , Power Liam , Kim Woon Cho , Hojman Horacio M. , Bugaev Nikolay , Johnson Benjamin P. , Bawazeer Mohammed A. , Mahoney Eric J. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Post-intensive care unit (ICU) syndrome (PICS) occurs at an exorbitant rate in surgical ICU (SICU) survivors. It remains unknown if critical illness due to trauma versus acute care surgery (ACS) may represent different pathophysiologic entities. In this longitudinal study, we determined if admission criteria in a cohort of trauma and ACS patients were associated with differences in the occurrence of PICS.

METHODS
Patients were 18 years or older, admitted to a Level I trauma center to the trauma or ACS services, remained in the SICU for ≥72 hours, and were seen in an ICU Recovery Center at 2 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after hospital discharge. Post-ICU syndrome sequelae were diagnosed by dedicated specialist staffing using clinical criteria and screening questionnaires. The PICS symptoms were distilled into physical, cognitive, and psychiatric categories. Preadmission histories, hospital courses, and recovery data were collected via retrospective chart review.

RESULTS
One hundred twenty-six patients were included: 74 (57.3%) trauma patients and 55 (42.6%) ACS patients. Prehospital psychosocial histories were similar between groups. Acute care surgery patients had a significantly longer hospital course, higher APACHE II and III scores, were intubated for longer, and had higher rates of sepsis, acute renal failure, open abdomen, and hospital readmissions. At the 2-week follow-up visit, ACS patients had higher rates of PICS sequelae (ACS, 97.8% vs. trauma 85.3%; p = 0.03), particularly in the physical (ACS, 95.6% vs. trauma 82.0%, p = 0.04), and psychiatric domains (ACS, 55.6% vs. trauma 35.0%, p = 0.04). At the 12-week and 24-week visits, rates of PICS symptoms were comparable between groups.

CONCLUSION
The occurrence of PICS is extraordinarily high in both trauma and ACS SICU survivors. Despite entering the SICU with similar psychosocial histories, the two cohorts have different pathophysiologic experiences, which are associated with a higher rate of impairment in the ACS patients during early follow-up.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Intention-to-treat Analysis of Patients Aged 70 Years and Older Awaiting Kidney Transplantation in Post-Kidney Allocation System Era
Authors: Sibulesky Lena , Leca Nicolae , Bakthavatsalam Ramasamy , Perkins James D. 
Published: June 2023

Background.
The US population is aging, and so the number of patients treated for end-stage renal disease is on the rise. In the United States, 38% of people over 65 y old have chronic kidney disease. There continues to be a reluctance of clinicians to consider older candidates for transplant, including early referrals.

Methods.
We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database of all adults ≥70 y old undergoing kidney transplants from December 1, 2014, to June 30, 2021. We compared patient and graft survival in candidates who were transplanted while on hemodialysis versus preemptive with a living versus deceased donor kidney transplant.

Results.
In 2021, only 43% of the candidates listed for transplant were preemptive. In an intention-to-treat analysis from the time of listing, candidate survival was significantly improved for those transplanted preemptively versus being on dialysis (hazard ratio 0.59; confidence interval, 0.56-0.63). All donor types, donor after circulatory death, donor after brain death, and living donor, had a significant decrease in death over remaining on the waiting list. Patients who were on dialysis or transplanted preemptively with a living donor kidney had significantly better survival than those receiving a deceased donor kidney. However, receiving a deceased donor kidney significantly decreased the chance of death over remaining on the waiting list.

Conclusion.
Patients ≥70 y old who are transplanted preemptively, whether with a deceased donor or a living donor kidney, have a significantly better survival than those who are transplanted after initiating dialysis. Emphasis on timely referral for a kidney transplant should be placed in this population.
Early Versus Late Acute AMR in Kidney Transplant Recipients—A Comparison of Treatment Approaches and Outcomes From the ANZDATA Registry
Authors: Fernando Sanduni C. , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Lim Wai H. , Mulley William R. 
Published: June 2023

Background.
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major cause of kidney allograft failure and demonstrates different properties depending on whether it occurs early (<6 mo) or late (>6 mo) posttransplantation. We aimed to compare graft survival and treatment approaches for early and late AMR in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods.
Transplant characteristics were obtained for patients with an AMR episode reported to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry from January 2003 to December 2019. The primary outcome of time to graft loss from AMR diagnosis, with death considered a competing risk, was compared between early and late AMR using flexible parametric survival models. Secondary outcomes included treatments used, response to treatment, and time from AMR diagnosis to death.

Results.
After adjustment for other explanatory factors, late AMR was associated with twice the risk of graft loss relative to early AMR. The risk was nonproportional over time, with early AMR having an increased early risk. Late AMR was also associated with an increased risk of death. Early AMR was treated more aggressively than late with more frequent use of plasma exchange and monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies. There was substantial variation in treatments used by transplant centers. Early AMR was reported to be more responsive to treatment than late.

Conclusions.
Late AMR is associated with an increased risk of graft loss and death compared with early AMR. The marked heterogeneity in the treatment of AMR highlights the need for effective, new therapeutic options for these conditions.
Defining the Culture of Surgery
Authors: Bisgaard Erika K , Moore Megan K , Stadeli Kathryn M , Champan Cara Y , Sanapoori Shwetha H , Lobova Veronika A , Tate Katrina , Maine Rebecca G 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Surgical culture is often referenced but not well defined. Recent research and changing policies in graduate medical education have influenced the training paradigm and expectations of surgical trainees. It is unclear how these changes impact how surgeons understand surgical culture today and how those views impact surgical training. We sought to understand surgical culture and its impact on training from the perspective of a diverse group of surgeons with varied amounts of experience.

Methods:
A series of semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 surgeons and trainees in a single academic institution. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed using directed content analysis.

Results:
We identified seven major themes that impact surgical culture. Cohorts were separated by those who had been promoted to at least associate professor (late career surgeons, LCS) and assistant professors, fellows, residents, and students (early career surgeons, ECS). Both cohorts emphasized patient-centered care, hierarchy, high standards, and meaningful work similarly. LCS and ECS highlighted themes differently with the LCS perception informed by experience and a focus on challenges, complications, humility and work ethic while the ECS perceptions were more individually focused with references to being goal-oriented, self-sacrificing, focus on education, and work-life balance.

Conclusions:
Late and early career surgeons both emphasize that a patient-centered care is core to surgical culture. ECS expressed more themes related to personal wellbeing, while LCS emphasized themes related to professional accomplishment. Differences in the perceived culture can lead to strained interactions between generations of surgeons and trainees, and a better understanding of these differences should lead to improved communication and interactions between these groups, including structuring expectations for surgeons in their training and career.
Evaluation of Triglyceride-Glucose Index as a Marker for Severity in New Onset Diabetes in Patients of COVID-19 Pneumonia- a Single Center Study
Authors: Ashraf Faiza , Mehmood Majid , Aurang Zeb Mohammad , Rehman Jehanzeb ur , Siddiqui Fariha Masood 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV 2) Covid-19 is responsible for the pandemic affecting the world population since 2019. Starting from Wuhan, China enveloped the globe within a few months. It affected the healthy population, but played havoc in terms of mortality and morbidity for old and diseased populations. Diabetes is a known condition putting patients at high risk of complications, resulting from metabolic syndrome-derived impaired immune responses. The world is still grappling with the challenge of managing diabetic patients with covid pneumonia and newly added Diabetics resulting from post covid complications driven by Covid-19-induced damage to pancreatic beta cells. Resulting in worsening of existing Diabetic control and new onset Diabetes (NOD) in susceptible individuals. The TYG (Triglyceride-Glucose Index) may serve as a marker to identify patients at risk of developing a serious illnessHypothesisTriglyceride Glucose Index is a marker for severity of Covid-19 and new onset of diabetes.Aim To evaluate role of TYG index in prediction of new onset of Diabetes mellitus in Covid-19 patients and as a marker for disease severity in diabetic Covid-19 patients.MethodologyThis cross-sectional study was carried out in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalakot. Covid-19 patients' diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), fasting glucose and Triglycerides (TG) were performed at the biochemistry lab using SELECTRA chemical analyzer. TYG index was calculated and related with clinical symptoms of patients.ResultsA total of 2974 samples has been tested by RT-PCR. Three hundred and ninety-three (13%) were positive for COVID-19 infection. Twenty-one patients (5%) developed new-onset Diabetes (NOD) during the COVID infection. A TYG index of 43 people affected with COVID-19 (21 NOD and 22 non-diabetic individuals (control group) was calculated as a marker of severity index. It was found that the higher TYG was associated with severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 diabetes. ConclusionCovid-19 infection is associated with worsening disease in preexisting diabetic patients and is responsible for new-onset Diabetes in patients. TYG index correlates directly with the severity of Covid-19. TYG index can be used as a predictor marker for mortality and morbidity in Covid-19.
Updating the sulcal landscape of the human lateral parieto-occipital junction provides anatomical, functional, and cognitive insights
Authors: Willbrand Ethan H. , Tsai Yi-Heng , Gagnant Thomas , Weiner Kevin S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent work has uncovered relationships between evolutionarily new small and shallow cerebral indentations, or sulci, and human behavior. Yet, this relationship remains unexplored in the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and the lateral parieto-occipital junction (LPOJ). After defining thousands of sulci in a young adult cohort, we revised the previous LPC/LPOJ sulcal landscape to include four previously overlooked, small, shallow, and variable sulci. One of these sulci (ventral supralateral occipital sulcus, slocs-v) is present in nearly every hemisphere and is morphologically, architecturally, and functionally dissociable from neighboring sulci. A data-driven, model-based approach, relating sulcal depth to behavior further revealed that the morphology of only a subset of LPC/LPOJ sulci, including the slocs-v, is related to performance on a spatial orientation task. Our findings build on classic neuroanatomical theories and identify new neuroanatomical targets for future “precision imaging” studies exploring the relationship among brain structure, brain function, and cognitive abilities in individual participants.
How many variables does Wordclim have, really? Generative A.I. unravels the intrinsic dimension of bioclimatic variables
Authors: Dinnage Russell 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe 19 standard bioclimatic variables available from the Worldclim dataset are some of the most used data in ecology and organismal biology. It is well know that many of the variables are correlated with each other, suggesting there is less than 19 independent dimensions of information in them. But how much information is there? Here I explore the 19 Worldclim bioclimatic variables from the perspective of the manifold hypothesis: that many high dimensional datasets are actually confined to a lower dimensional manifold embedded in an ambient space. Using a state of the art generative probabilistic model (variational autoencoder) to model the data on a non-linear manifold reveals that only 5 uncorrelated dimensions are adequate to capture the full range of variation in the bioclimatic variables. I show that these 5 variables have meaningful structure and are sufficient to produce species distribution models (SDMs) nearly as good and in some ways better than SDMs using the original 19 bioclimatic variables. I have made the 5 synthetic variables available as a raster dataset at 2.5 minute resolution in an R package that also includes functions to convert back and forth between the 5 variables and the original 19 (https://github.com/rdinnager/biocman).
Tracking SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in rural communities using blood-fed mosquitoes
Authors: Krajacich Benjamin J. , Samaké Djibril , Dao Adama , Diallo Moussa , Sanogo Zana Lamissa , Yaro Alpha Seydou , Ziguimé Amatigué , Poudiougo Josué , Cissé Kadiatou , Traoré Mamadou , Assitoun Alassane dit , Faiman Roy , Zaidi Irfan , John Woodford , Duffy Patrick , Lehmann Tovi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe spread of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be well monitored and understood in areas without capacity for effective disease surveillance. Countries with a young population will have disproportionately large numbers of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infections, further hindering detection of infection in the population. Sero-surveillance on a country-wide scale by trained medical professionals may be limited in scope in resource limited setting such as Mali. Novel ways of broadly sampling the human population in a non-invasive method would allow for large-scale surveillance at a reduced cost. Here we evaluate the collection of naturally bloodfed mosquitoes to test for human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the laboratory and at five field locations in Mali. Immunoglobulin-G antibodies were found to be readily detectable within the mosquito bloodmeals by a bead-based immunoassay at least through 10 hours post-feeding with high sensitivity (0.900 ± 0.059) and specificity (0.924 ± 0.080), respectively, indicating that most blood-fed mosquitoes collected indoors during early morning hours (and thus, have likely fed the previous night) are viable samples for analysis. We find that reactivity to four SARS-CoV-2 antigens rose during the pandemic from pre-pandemic levels. Consistent with other sero-surveillance studies in Mali, crude seropositivity of blood sampled via mosquitoes was 6.3% in October/November 2020 over all sites, and increased to 25.1% overall, with the town closest to Bamako reaching 46.7% in February of 2021. Mosquito bloodmeals a viable target for conventional immunoassays, and therefore country-wide sero-surveillance of human diseases (both vector-borne and non-vector-borne) is attainable in areas where human-biting mosquitoes are common, and is an informative, cost-effective, non-invasive sampling option.