bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting early postoperative PONV using multiple machine-learning- and deep-learning-algorithms
Authors: Zhou Cheng-Mao , Wang Ying , Xue Qiong , Yang Jian-Jun , Zhu Yu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
PONV reduces patient satisfaction and increases hospital costs as patients remain in the hospital for longer durations. In this study, we build a preliminary artificial intelligence algorithm model to predict early PONV in patients.

Methods
We use R for statistical analysis and Python for the machine learning prediction model.

Results
Average characteristic engineering results showed that haloperidol, sex, age, history of smoking, and history of PONV were the first 5 contributing factors in the occurrence of early PONV. Test group results for artificial intelligence prediction of early PONV: in terms of accuracy, the four best algorithms were CNNRNN (0.872), Decision Tree (0.868), SVC (0.866) and adab (0.865); in terms of precision, the three best algorithms were CNNRNN (1.000), adab (0.400) and adab (0.868); in terms of AUC, the top three algorithms were Logistic Regression (0.732), SVC (0.731) and adab (0.722). Finally, we built a website to predict early PONV online using the Streamlit app on the following website: (https://zhouchengmao-streamlit-app-lsvc-ad-st-app-lsvc-adab-ponv-m9ynsb.streamlit.app/).

Conclusion
Artificial intelligence algorithms can predict early PONV, whereas logistic regression, SVC and adab were the top three artificial intelligence algorithms in overall performance. Haloperidol, sex, age, smoking history, and PONV history were the first 5 contributing factors associated with early PONV.
Patient-provider communication about cognition and the role of memory concerns: a descriptive study
Authors: Hill Nikki L. , Bratlee-Whitaker Emily , Jang Heejung , Bhargava Sakshi , Sillner Andrea Yevchak , Do Justin , Mogle Jacqueline 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Early identification of cognitive impairment is an important part of health promotion in aging. However, many older adults do not seek help for cognitive problems until their ability to function independently is substantially impacted. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore older adults’ experiences with patient-provider communication specific to cognition as well as compare barriers and facilitators between those with and without memory concerns.

Methods
We conducted an online survey with individuals aged 65 + years (n = 409; mean age = 71.4(4.73); 54% female; 79% non-Hispanic White), purposively sampled to include those with and without memory concerns. Questionnaires included measures of subjective memory decline (SMD), memory concerns, past healthcare experiences, as well as open-ended questions regarding patient-provider communication about cognition. Content analysis was used to code open-ended responses. Logistic regression was used to examine differences in facilitators and barriers to communication among three groups: no SMD (n = 130), SMD without memory concerns (n = 143), and SMD with memory concerns (n = 136).

Results
Only 16.6% of participants reported discussing cognition with a healthcare provider. Of the remaining 83.4%, approximately two-thirds would be open to such discussions in certain circumstances, most frequently if they had worsening memory problems. Over half of participants reported that their provider had never offered cognitive testing. Compared to the no SMD and SMD without memory concerns groups, participants reporting SMD with memory concerns were more likely to: (1) discuss cognition if their healthcare provider initiated the conversation, and (2) avoid discussions of cognitive problems due to fears of losing independence.

Conclusions
We found that most participants, including those reporting SMD with memory concerns, had never discussed cognition with their healthcare providers. Patient-reported barriers and facilitators to communication about cognition differed in several areas based on SMD status and the presence or absence of memory concerns. Consideration of these differences can guide future efforts to improve early identification of subtle cognitive changes that would benefit from further monitoring or intervention.
Comparison of measles IgG enzyme immunoassays (EIA) versus plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for measuring measles serostatus: a systematic review of head-to-head analyses of measles IgG EIA and PRNT
Authors: Lutz Chelsea S. , Hasan Alvira Z. , Bolotin Shelly , Crowcroft Natasha S. , Cutts Felicity T. , Joh Eugene , Loisate Stacie , Moss William J. , Osman Selma , Hayford Kyla 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
As countries move towards or achieve measles elimination status, serosurveillance is an important public health tool. However, a major challenge of serosurveillance is finding a feasible, accurate, cost-effective, and high throughput assay to measure measles antibody concentrations and estimate susceptibility in a population. We conducted a systematic review to assess, characterize, and – to the extent possible – quantify the performance of measles IgG enzyme-linked assays (EIAs) compared to the gold standard, plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT).

Methods
We followed the PRISMA statement for a systematic literature search and methods for conducting and reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses recommended by the Cochrane Screening and Diagnostic Tests Methods Group. We identified studies through PubMed and Embase electronic databases and included serologic studies detecting measles virus IgG antibodies among participants of any age from the same source population that reported an index (any EIA or multiple bead-based assays, MBA) and reference test (PRNT) using sera, whole blood, or plasma. Measures of diagnostic accuracy with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were abstracted for each study result, where reported.

Results
We identified 550 unique publications and identified 36 eligible studies for analysis. We classified studies as high, medium, or low quality; results from high quality studies are reported. Because most high quality studies used the Siemens Enzygnost EIA kit, we generate individual and pooled diagnostic accuracy estimates for this assay separately. Median sensitivity of the Enzygnost EIA was 92.1% [IQR = 82.3, 95.7]; median specificity was 96.9 [93.0, 100.0]. Pooled sensitivity and specificity from studies using the Enzygnost kit were 91.6 (95%CI: 80.7,96.6) and 96.0 (95%CI: 90.9,98.3), respectively. The sensitivity of all other EIA kits across high quality studies ranged from 0% to 98.9% with median (IQR) = 90.6 [86.6, 95.2]; specificity ranged from 58.8% to 100.0% with median (IQR) = 100.0 [88.7, 100.0].

Conclusions
Evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of currently available measles IgG EIAs is variable, insufficient, and may not be fit for purpose for serosurveillance goals. Additional studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of measles EIAs, including MBAs, should be conducted among diverse populations and settings (e.g., vaccination status, elimination/endemic status, age groups).
Thrombopoietin receptor agonist antibody for treating chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Shin Jiwon , Kim Min-Jung , Quan Xingguo , Kim Ji Woong , Lee Sukmook , Park SaeGwang , Jeong Jee-Yeong , Yea Kyungmoo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) leads to dose reduction and treatment delays, lowering chemotherapy efficacy and survival rate. Thus, rapid recovery and continuous maintenance of platelet count during chemotherapy cycles are crucial in patients with CIT. Thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor, myeloid proliferative leukemia (MPL) protein, play a major role in platelet production. Although several MPL agonists have been developed to regulate thrombopoiesis, none have been approved for the management of CIT due to concerns regarding efficacy or safety. Therefore, the development of effective MPL agonists for treating CIT needs to be further expanded.

Methods
Anti-MPL antibodies were selected from the human combinatorial antibody phage libraries using phage display. We identified 2R13 as the most active clone among the binding antibodies via cell proliferation assay using BaF3/MPL cells. The effect of 2R13 on megakaryocyte differentiation was evaluated in peripheral blood CD34+ cells by analyzing megakaryocyte-specific differentiation markers (CD41a+ and CD42b+) and DNA ploidy using flow cytometry. The 2R13-induced platelet production was examined in 8- to 10-week-old wild-type BALB/c female mice and a thrombocytopenia mouse model established by intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil (150 mg/kg). The platelet counts were monitored twice a week over 14 days post-initiation of treatment with a single injection of 2R13, or recombinant human TPO (rhTPO) for seven consecutive days.

Results
We found that 2R13 specifically interacted with MPL and activated its signaling pathways. 2R13 stimulated megakaryocyte differentiation, evidenced by increasing the proportion of high-ploidy (≥ 8N) megakaryocytes in peripheral blood-CD34+ cells. The platelet count was increased by a single injection of 2R13 for up to 14 days. Injection of 5-fluorouracil considerably reduced the platelet count by day 4, which was recovered by 2R13. The platelets produced by 2R13 sustained a higher count than that achieved using seven consecutive injections of rhTPO.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that 2R13 is a promising therapeutic agent for CIT treatment.
What difference does it make? A laboratory experiment on the effectiveness of health-oriented leadership working on-site compared to the digital working context
Authors: Klebe Laura , Felfe Jörg 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Health-oriented leadership (HoL) represents an important workplace resource for employees. However, as opportunities to work from home increase, the question arises, whether leadership is more or less effective in digital working contexts compared to working on-site.

Methods
The current research investigates, whether the effectiveness of health-oriented leadership in terms of staff care is influenced by the working context. In a laboratory experiment with a 2 (no staff care vs. staff care) x 2 (working on-site vs. digital) mixed design (N = 60), a moderating effect of the working context on the relationship between staff care and employees’ mental exhaustion, heart rate, heart rate variability, engagement and job satisfaction was tested.

Results
Results uncovered positive effects of staff care on employees’ mental exhaustion and work-related attitudes in both conditions (d = 1.09–1.91). As expected, the results indicate that the effects on employees’ engagement (d = 0.65) and job satisfaction (d = 0.72) are weaker when working digital.

Conclusion
Findings show that the effectiveness of staff care might differ between working on-site and working digital. In order to maintain the effectiveness of staff care, leaders and employees should keep regular face-to-face contact also when mainly working from home. The study ties in with research on digital leadership and leadership effectiveness, and contributes to the deeper understanding of situational contingencies of health-specific leadership during the process of digitization.
Changes in lifestyle, adiposity, and cardiometabolic markers among young adults in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ekström Sandra , Andersson Niklas , Kull Inger , Georgelis Antonios , Ljungman Petter L. S. , Melén Erik , Bergström Anna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on public health in several ways. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in lifestyle, adiposity, and cardiometabolic markers among young adults in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic and their determinants.

Methods
The study included 1 004 participants from the population-based birth cohort BAMSE. Anthropometrics, body composition (bioelectric impedance analyses), pulse, and blood pressure were measured before (December 2016–May 2019; mean age 22.6 years) and during (October 2020–June 2021; mean age 25.7 years) the COVID-19 pandemic. Lifestyle changes during the pandemic were assessed through a questionnaire.

Results
All measures of adiposity (weight, BMI, body fat percentage, trunk fat percentage) and cardiometabolic markers (blood pressure, pulse) increased during the study period (e.g., body fat percentage by a median of + 0.8% in females, p < 0.001, and + 1.5% in males, p < 0.001). Male sex, non-Scandinavian ethnicity, BMI status (underweight and obesity), and changes in lifestyle factors, e.g., decreased physical activity during the pandemic, were associated with higher increase in BMI and/or adiposity.

Conclusion
Lifestyle factors, adiposity and cardiometabolic markers may have been adversely affected among young adults in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding years. Targeted public health measures to reduce obesity and improve healthy lifestyle are important to prevent future non-communicable diseases.
Comparative evaluation of three total full-face masks for delivering Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV): a bench study
Authors: Spinazzola Giorgia , Ferrone Giuliano , Costa Roberta , Piastra Marco , Maresca Gianmarco , Rossi Marco , Antonelli Massimo , Conti Giorgio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHistorically, the oro-nasal mask has been the preferred interface to deliver Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) in critically ill patients. To overcome the problems related to air leaks and discomfort, Total Full-face masks have been designed. No study has comparatively evaluated the performance of the total Full-face masks available.The aim of this bench study was to evaluate the influence of three largely diffuse models of total Full -face masks on patient-ventilator synchrony and performance during pressure support ventilation. NPPV was applied to a mannequin, connected to an active test lung through three largely diffuse Full-face masks: Dimar Full-face mask (DFFM), Performax Full-face mask (RFFM) and Pulmodyne Full-face mask (PFFM).The performance analysis showed that the ΔPtrigger was significantly lower with PFFM (p < 0.05) at 20 breaths/min (RRsim) at both pressure support (iPS) levels applied, while, at RRsim 30, DFFM had the longest ΔPtrigger compared to the other 2 total full face masks (p < 0.05). At all ventilator settings, the PTP200 was significantly shorter with DFFM than with the other two total full-face masks (p < 0.05). In terms of PTP500 ideal index (%), we did not observe significant differences between the interfaces tested.The PFFM demonstrated the best performance and synchrony at low respiratory rates, but when the respiratory rate increased, no difference between all tested total full-face masks was reported.
Effect of the denture adhesive for dry mouth on the retentive force of the experimental palatal plates: a pilot controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yamane Kunihito , Sato Yuji , Furuya Junichi , Shimodaira Osamu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
A denture adhesive for dry mouth with good cleaning properties has recently been developed. While previous studies on models have shown the effectiveness of denture adhesives in terms of retention and cleanability, no reports have evaluated their effectiveness in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the retention and usability of an experimental palatal plate in the dentulous jaw using a denture adhesive for dry mouth, a conventional cream-type denture adhesive, an oral moisturizer, and a denture moisturizer.

Methods
Ten healthy dentulous participants (mean age 27.2 ± 1.6 years) were included in the study. Palatal plates were fabricated. Four test samples were used: denture adhesive for dry mouth, conventional denture adhesive (cream type), oral moisturizer, and denture moisturizer. The sample was applied to the inner surface of the palatal plates, and the retentive force of the palatal plate was measured every 10 min for 30 min. After the measurements, the study participants were asked to rinse the palatal plate with water and subjectively evaluate the samples used.

Results
The conventional denture adhesive (cream type) showed increased retentive force over time, with the maximum retentive force obtained after 10 min of application. However, its washability was rated second lowest. The denture adhesive for dry mouth showed the highest retentive force immediately after application. Its washability was also good.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the denture adhesive for dry mouth has reasonable retentive force in the oral cavity and cleaning properties compared to the conventional cream-type denture adhesive.
“Day or night, no matter what, I will go”: Women’s perspectives on challenges with follow-up care after cervical cancer screening in Iquitos, Peru: a qualitative study
Authors: Morse Rachel M. , Jurczuk Magdalena , Brown Joanna , Jara Lita E. Carrillo , Meza Graciela , López E. Jennifer Ríos , Tracy J. Kathleen , Gravitt Patti E. , Paz-Soldan Valerie A. ,   the Proyecto Precancer Study Group, Del Carpio-Morgan Meda , Grandez Henrry Daza , Escudero Magaly Figueredo , Garcia Satalay Esther Y. , Gilman Sarah D. , Díaz Karina Gonzales , Jerónimo José , Jorges Alcedo , Kohler-Smith Anna , Kosek Margaret , de Guevarra Gabriela Ladrón , de Cuadro Daniel Lenin , Liñán Renso Lopez , Orbegozo Andrea Matos , Marín Jaime , Noble Helen E. , Palacios Victor A. , Reátegui Reyles Ríos , Román Karina , Rositch Anne F. , Santos-Ortiz Carlos , Silva Delgado Hermann F. , Soto Sandra , Tangoa Nolberto , Vásquez Javier Vásquez , del Aguila Giannina Vásquez , Zevallos Karen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The study’s objective was to explore the factors associated with loss to follow-up among women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results in Iquitos, Peru from women’s perspectives.

Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 screen-positive women who were referred for follow-up care but for whom evidence of follow-up was not found. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed inductively, and the codes were then categorized using the Health Care Access Barriers Model for presentation of results.

Results
All interviewed women were highly motivated to complete the continuum of care but faced numerous barriers along the way, including cognitive barriers such as a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and poor communication from health professionals regarding the process, structural barriers such as challenges with scheduling appointments and unavailability of providers, and financial barriers including out-of-pocket payments and costs related to travel or missing days of work. With no information system tracking the continuum of care, we found fragmentation between primary and hospital-level care, and often, registration of women’s follow-up care was missing altogether, preventing women from being able to receive proper care and providers from ensuring that women receive care and treatment as needed.

Conclusions
The challenges elucidated demonstrate the complexity of implementing a successful cervical cancer prevention program and indicate a need for any such program to consider the perspectives of women to improve follow-up after a positive screening test.
Implementing six multi-month dispensing of antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: perspectives of clients and healthcare workers
Authors: Mantell Joanne E. , Zech Jennifer M. , Masvawure Tsitsi B. , Assefa Tamrat , Molla Mitike , Block Laura , Duguma Dereje , Yirsaw Zenebe , Rabkin Miriam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Multi-month dispensing (MMD) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an integral component of differentiated HIV service delivery for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Although many countries have scaled up ART dispensing to 3-month intervals, Ethiopia was the first African country to implement six-month dispensing (6-MMD) at scale, introducing its Appointment Spacing Model (ASM) for people doing well on ART in 2017. As of June 2021, 51.4% (n = 215,101) of PLHIV on ART aged ≥ 15 years had enrolled in ASM. Since little is known about the benefits and challenges of ASM perceived by Ethiopian clients and their healthcare workers (HCWs), we explored how the ASM was being implemented in Ethiopia’s Oromia region in September 2019.

Methods
Using a parallel convergent mixed-methods study design, we conducted 6 focus groups with ASM-eligible enrolled clients, 6 with ASM-eligible non-enrolled clients, and 22 in-depth interviews with HCWs. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated into English. We used thematic analysis, initially coding deductively, followed by inductive coding of themes that emerged from the data, and compared the perspectives of ASM-enrolled and non-enrolled clients and their HCWs.

Results
Participants enrolled in ASM and HCWs perceived client-level ASM benefits to include time and cost-savings, fewer work disruptions, reduced stigma due to fewer clinic visits, better medication adherence and improved overall health. Perceived health system-level benefits included improved quality of care, decongested facilities, reduced provider workloads, and improved record-keeping. Although non-enrolled participants anticipated many of the same benefits, their reasons for non-enrollment included medication storage challenges, concerns over less frequent health monitoring, and increased stress due to the large quantities of medicines dispensed. Enrolled participants and HCWs identified similar challenges, including client misunderstandings about ASM and initial ART stock-outs.

Conclusions
ASM with 6-MMD was perceived to have marked benefits for clients and health systems. Clients enrolled in the ASM and their HCWs had positive experiences with the model, including perceived improvements in efficiency, quality and convenience of HIV treatment services. The concerns of non-ASM enrolled participants suggest the need for enhanced client education about the model and more discreet and efficiently packaged ART and highlight that ASM is not ideal for all clients.