bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Innovative System to Contain Well Integrity Problems and Maximum Operational Excellence
Authors: Alqahtani Abdullah Mubarak , BenAmara Abdel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWell integrity is one of the most critical elements for prolonging life of producing wells. A good integrity program will ensure safe, cost effective operation, whilst avoiding any environmental related issues. To improve well integrity monitoring and control and promote operational excellence by having real-time monitoring of tubing-casing annulus, and have the ability to relieve pressure at any time without the need to visit the well site. An innovative system was designed to be an integral part of the well completion, preferably below tubing hanger below sub surface safety valve, to relieve pressure from tubing-casing annulus to the tubing. The system allows real-time monitoring of both annulus and tubing and enables relieving high annuli pressure to the tubing remotely or by having a set point activation.The system is tailored to make advantage of the digital oilfields platform to provide robust data real-time monitoring of annuli anomalies and help contain the problem. The innovative system enables unmanned operations and continuous monitoring and control of annuli anomalies. It helps contain well integrity problems till the workover rig is available to salvage the problem. This safe routine and convenient eliminates the needs for wellsite visits that are at high cost and sometimes not possible, especially in offshore operations. In addition, it alleviates the need to vent gases to atmosphere and avoid environmental and human safety issues. The system can also help validate data by monitoring fluid gradients in tubing and annulus, which help get better diagnosis for well integrity anomalies.This unmatched system is the only tool that is designed to have an integrated system that will monitor pressures and gradients in tubing and annulus, which provide an advanced diagnostics of annuli problems. In addition, it can help contain the annuli problem by continuously reliving the pressure into tubing, as needed, without human intervention.
Onshore Abu Dhabi Carbonate Saline Aquifer CO2 Storage Site Selection - An Integrated Technical Feasibility Study
Authors: Xu Siqing , Baslaib Mohamed , BinAmro Ahmed , Keebali Aaesha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies help reduce carbon dioxide emissions from large point sources, such as power plants, gas processing facilities and other industrial facilities. It involves capturing CO2 emissions, transporting the captured CO2 to storage location, and securely storing underground for a long time. The term permanent storage is very often used. CCS technologies involving storage in underground geological formations are well established, and there are current a number of such ongoing projects, together with an increasing number of projects in the planning phase.Saline aquifers can be leading CO2 permanent storage candidates. Deep saline formations or deep brine reservoirs exist world wide, making them potentially accessible CO2 storage candidates. However, not all saline formations can be considered suitable for long term commercially viable storage candidates. A number of critically important factors must be taken into account/verified, for example, CO2 containment assurance, social and environmental impact, and project commercial aspects. A project feasibility is normally recommended as a first step, whereby potential saline aquifer candidates are screened, ranked against for example accepted best international guidelines and criteria. Detailed feasibility study can follow once top ranked suitable candidate(s) are identified.A comprehensive multi-discipline study was carried out looking at the potential for CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifer formations within onshore Abu Dhabi. The area of interest is very large in scale (regional scale) and consists of multi stacked saline aquifer formations. The study has the added complexity that the same saline aquifer formations may be shared with near-by hydrocarbon exploration and production activities. The objectives were to analyze available geological data, oil field production and injection data, identify key constraining factors especially concerning CO2 containment assurance, arrive at regional storage capacity range estimates, and demonstrate site CO2 storage feasibility.Considerable amount of geological data and studies are available, which can assist with regional Onshore Abu Dhabi saline aquifer formation geological characterization for CO2 storage assessment. The characterization synthesis forms the study basis. Dedicated regional scale 3D saline aquifer formations compositional dynamic models were constructed, capturing the key CO2 sequestration processes/mechanisms. Storage capacity estimates were obtained from the dynamic model – the results will be published separately. A comprehensive Risk Assessment was carried out. Risk assessment approach and MMV plan development are shared.
Field Evaluation and Assessment of Wellbore, Casing and Cement Integrity During Critical High-Pressure Operations in Existing and Abandoned Wells
Authors: James Abraham Jocin , Amani Mahmood 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the declining access to ‘easy oil’ and an increase in energy demand, oil and gas producers are increasingly focusing on producing from more challenging unconventional reserves. This can especially be seen from the widespread proliferation of fracturing operations, during which a production well is purposely hydraulically fractured by injecting fracturing fluids at elevated pressures. However, in many operations, especially in deep reservoirs, casing deformations or cement layer integrity failures are observed. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly understand wellbore integrity issues for ensuring safe fracturing operation.A decay in the mechanical properties of steel and cement is expected after exposure to different operations, pressures, temperatures and fluids over time, which can significantly degrade the thickness and burst pressures ratings of the casing string. In this study, the degree of casing wear developed due to routine operations as well as corrosion and erosion in existing conventional wells is calculated using drilling and completion program datasets. Casing wear depends on several factors such as rate of penetration, rotary speed, wellbore orientation, as well as wellbore wear constants. These parameters are used in various models to calculate the wear volume, which is then correlated to an average percentage reduction in thickness of the casing string. This is then used as an input parameter for a finite-element analysis of casing-cement interaction under different scenarios, especially focusing on stresses in the connections.Analyses show that long term wellbore integrity does indeed depend on the quality of the casing program, cementing job as well as the minimization of human errors. The design of fracture treatments should therefore consider weak points around the casing and the cementing layer, especially those arising due to casing wear. Based on calculations, casing wear losses of over 40% of the initial volume can occur during the operational life cycle of a well, leading to a considerable decrease in thickness and burst ratings of the casing string. Finite element simulations show that varying stress concentrations in the steel and cement components can lead to fatigue and failure through tension and compression. Depending on the extent of casing wear, stresses above the unconfined compressive strength of common cement formulations are observed. If not accounted for, these lapses can lead to cement integrity issues and a critical well integrity failure.The results of this work can be used as a simpler field evaluation to determine actual casing and cement properties over the operational lifespan of a well and provide a methodology to assess the effects of wear on the casing, connections and the cement layer. This should be correlated to the integrity of the wellbore under different conditions before starting fracturing operations.
3D OBN High Resolution Seismic Acquisition Design for Better Sub-Surface Imaging, Cheleken, Caspian Sea
Authors: Rondon Aldrin , Rouis Lamia , Khdhaouria Mourad , Ameish Giamal , Xiaoliang Li 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Cheleken contract Area lies in the Turkmenistan sector of the South Caspian Sea, over an area of 920 Km2 and in water depth of 10 to 40 m. Located in a complex wrench faulted system orientated WNW-ESE from the Apsheron Peninsula in Azerbaijan to the Cheleken Peninsula in Turkmenistan, the cheleken fields have a large thickness of stack sand and shale reservoirs, with significant areal and vertical variation.
The presence of strike slip faults, gas Chimney, H2S in some reservoir fluid, and low sweep efficiency due to the aforementioned geological complexities are challenges that need to be addressed.
In 2004, the first seismic acquisition campaign was carried out by Dragon Oil in order to get a full dataset of seismic data covering the whole field, the acquisition technology considered for this dataset was Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) and it was designed to cover the entire stratigraphic column down to deeper sections (approximately 7000 meters), therefore, deep objectives were not properly imaged due to technical limitations at that time. Seismic resolution was compromised and this OBC technology couldn't account for surface obstructions among other technical and logistic limitations.
In 2015, Dragon Oil started with the idea to acquire a new seismic dataset with improved technology to aid in the better definition of sub-surface targets and define a more detailed and reliable structural framework as input for the Static and Dynamic Modeling Process.
The ultimate goal of acquiring a new seismic dataset considering OBN Technology, was to define an optimal drilling strategy based on a more robust and reliable static and dynamic modeling of the field.
Ocean Bottom Node Seismic has emerged as an effective technology for seismic exploration/development in numerous challenging acquisition environments with the key added value of higher data quality and much better seismic imaging.
By placing receivers on the seafloor and decoupling the source from these receivers, the recorded data offers high quality imaging through improved multiple suppression and better subsurface illumination, without limitations existing with conventional streamer operations.
Full Azimuth, long offset illumination, high fold are characteristics of Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) acquisition technology and it's proven successfully in extremely complex structural/stratigraphic environments and highly obstructed areas. This technology unfolds a wide range of geophysical options to generate a detailed geomodel of the field and also unlocks additional technical studies and seismic analysis.
The Magic Bullet for Safety Citizenship: The Combined Impact of Leadership and Safety Culture
Authors: Egbe Shama Ratnam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh-risk organizations are continuously striving to minimize risks and establish a safe working environment. While technology and high standards are crucial, a core aspect of an effective safety management system lies in safe human behavior. The primary aim of this study was to provide an understanding of some of the human and organizational factors that influence safety behavior of employees in the oil and gas industry.Transformational and transactional styles of leadership were explored along with assessing safety culture with a view to understand their influence on safety behaviors. The commonly investigated form of safety behavior is Safety Compliance, which is seen as the answer to achieving positive safety results. However, in order to go above and beyond, in other words, taking ownership and accountability of safety, another form of behavior is crucial, called the Safety Citizenship Behavior (SCB), which has gained a lot of attention in the past years. In addition to leadership styles, various leader attributes (e.g. leader fairness, trust) were examined in terms of their influence in safety context.Data was gathered from about 200 employees in the oil and gas sector using the highly recognized measures like the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Mediation and moderation effects were tested based on Baron and Kenny's guidelines.The results highlighted interesting findings as they threw light on the pivotal role played by trust in influencing safety behaviors, particularly SCBs. Similar effect was seen with regards to fairness and personal identification with the leader; due to its strong correlation with trust. In addition, safety culture, which has been emphasized in the safety/risk literature over 40 years also showed up as a stronger predictor of safety compliance, whereby subordinates’ safety compliance was reinforced with a strong safety culture.The augmentation effect of transformational leadership, which is known to build on transactional leadership were also investigated, however, the results did not offer as much support as in the literature. This brings into question the considerable emphasis placed on transformational leadership, particularly where prioritization of safety is key.The results will aid organizations analyze their safety leadership training programs. Further, it also helps leaders understand key attributes they need to embed in interactions with their immediate and wider teams to bring about positive impact on safety. Lastly, the study also highlights the concept of SCB, which is a significant aspect in building an accountable and mindful safety culture.
Measuring Maturity of Well Integrity Management - Analysis of Well Integrity in Brownfield Using Maturity Models for Prolonged Well Lifecyle
Authors: Yakoot Mostafa Sa'eed , Salem Adel Mohamed , Mahmoud Omar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWell integrity (WI) is a growing concern in the oil and gas (O&G) industry as fields mature and WI problems increase. In project management, maturity denotes having perfect condition to attain the organization's objectives. Applying the same principle to O&G industry, provides a pathway and basis to achieve excellence in WI management in O&G fields. Maturity of WI management has a direct impact on performance, assurance, compliance, and most importantly operation safety.A case study from a brown field has been conducted to evaluate the effect of WI management maturity on field performance. The application of well integrity management system (WIMS) in an offshore brown oilfield has been studied. The journey of WI maturity has been presented in detail. All maturity phases have been analyzed starting from program initiation, up to predicting WI failures using machine learning (ML) algorithms.Three maturity models, that have been developed by different organizations and individuals, were selected for benchmarking of measured maturity level in the WIMS applied. They were selected as they show independency from industry/organization's type. The three models are; organizational project management maturity model (Opm3), capability maturity model integration (CMMI), and Kerzner project management maturity model (KPMMM).The attained results indicated that K-PMMM provides the best description and level determination of maturity level with WIMS applied. Moreover, it is highly recommended to implement maturity models by including all processes and subsystems in the WIMS, to have better resolution of system gaps.
Seismic-based Reservoir Dynamic Characterization During Reservoir Development
Authors: Wang Bo , Chen Jine , Nie Qihai , Chen Xin , Xiao Dengyi , Qi Qunli , An Fuli , Peng Bo , Gao Xiaoli , Li Qiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeismic data plays a crucial role in reservoir characterization. Quantitative seismic reservoir characterization workflow aims to extract reservoir properties from seismic data to identify sweet spots for exploration, appraisal and development drilling. This is all the more true if the data is to be used in 4D seismic surveys (Time-lapse seismic) for reservoir monitoring. 4D seismic data can help to capture the reservoir change, realize the reservoir dynamic characterization and facilitate an enhanced understanding for reservoir potential, so as to have the better business decisions and optimized field development plans. In this study, use a SAGD (Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage) field to demonstrate how to extract reservoir dynamic change and evaluate the reservoir performance from 4D seismic data.
A Probabilistic Method to Populate Petrophysical Groups on Routine Core Analysis Data from Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure Domain
Authors: Celma Rafael , Lavenu Arthur Philippe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnalyzing capillary pressure (Pc) is one of the most common methods to create petrophysical groups in carbonates, since the Pc explains the moment when the fluid starts moving in the porous media, how easy or hard is the displacement of the fluid and when there is no further displacement (irreducible saturation of the porous media).In comparison to routine core analysis (RCA) data, MICP dataset is rather small. However, utilizing all the spectrum of data is critical, more specifically in highly heterogeneous carbonates, hence the need to populate petrophysical groups from MICP to RCA space.To determine the petrophysical groups from the MICP the following parameters were used: entry pressure, normalized porosity, permeability, rock quality index, and the hyperbolic tangent of each to the MICP samples. The petrophysical groups generated by this method give a very discrete clustering where the ranges of porosity and permeability are well defined. For distributing petrophysical groups from the MICP domain into the RCA domain, a Bayesian Inference approach in the porosity permeability space was used. Porosity and permeability standard deviation and mean for each of the petrophysical groups, were used to build a probability density functions (PDF) which will be taken as our probable scenario to feed the Bayesian Algorithm.The results from 350 MICP samples show that we could establish a reliable petrophysical groups distribution over 7000 RCA samples. In a second stage, petrophysical groups populated in the RCA space were used to train our logs and create a continuous curve of petrophysical groups that will support the property distribution in our 3D model.
Erosion Rate in a Complex Pipeline Using CFD
Authors: Marrah Aimen , Rahman Mohammad Azizur 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to simulate the dynamic behavior of entrained solid-particles in a pipe flow and its role in the erosion process. A detailed parametric study changing the solid particle diameter, flow rate, pipe diameter, fluid viscosity, and solid particle density was performed to find the critical parameter that affects erosion in a pipeline. To fulfill the objectives of the study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was conducted for water-solid flow within a complex pipeline geometry with rapid alterations in flow directions. The simulation was performed using ANSYS Fluent code. Three different turbulent models: k-epsilon (k-ε), k-omega (k-ω) and Shear Stress Transport (SST) have been compared to find out the best turbulent model validating the simulation results with the experimental results. Flow instability, turbulence, and erosion have been quantified for different sand particle size of 10, 70, 100 and 200 microns and different inlet liquid velocities of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 m/s. The inlet velocity has a remarkable effect in the erosion rate. We have observed that if the inlet velocity is increased from 20 m/s to 40 m/s, the erosion rate is increased from 1.73 x10−4 kg/m2.s to 2.11×10−3 kg/m2.s, respectively at a constant particle size of 200 μm. We have also observed that if the solid particle size is increased from 70 μm to 100 μm, the erosion rate is increased from 5.79 × 10−4 kg/m2.s to 8.03 × 10−4 kg/m2.s, respectively, at a constant velocity of 40 m/s. Previous studies have studied the effect of sand particles on the erosion of an elbow; however, this work introduces a complex pipeline which has three elbows and an arch. This study can be utilized for quantifying the erosion rate in complex pipeline geometry with larger pipeline diameters and varying fluid properties.
A Novel Approach for Estimating Formation Permeability in a Highly Heterogeneous Reservoir in Middle East
Authors: Celma Rafael , Lavenu Arthur 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEstimating flow in the reservoir is critical for production forecasting, 3D modeling and field development. Laboratory experiments are the main source of information for the permeability, but the results might be impacted by a high degree of reservoir heterogeneity, as well as by the upscaling from core to log. The studied reservoir displays a complex lithology — limestone and dolomite – where dolomitization appears to be a clear reservoir rock quality enhancer. High permeability streaks can be related to dolomitized intervals, however a simple porosity vs. permeability function cannot capture the large variation of this property (from 0.1 to 5000mD)In this study, the volumetrics computed from a comprehensive petrophysical model that includes the integration of core descriptions, XRD, and gamma ray spectroscopy to properly estimate the fractions of limestone, dolomite, clay, and heavy minerals were used. A core to log correlation was made and it clearly showed how the dolomitization improves our reservoir properties, in particular the permeability. Trends functions were established based on the stratigraphy and on the content of limestone/dolomite. These trends were used to train a fuzzy logic model supported by other logs such as: normalized porosity and density-neutron vector angle/length. The vector angle/length are coordinate transforms to convert neutron density into linear independent vectors.This approach addresses the large variation of permeability related to the strong diagenetic footprint onto the reservoir. The results were compared to permeability from core and KH from PTA analysis, and displayed an error of less than 5%
Estimation of Crack Density using Digital Rock Physics and Experimental Velocity Data
Authors: Chen Jianming , Zhang Haiyang , Arif Muhammad , Tu Yunzhong , Wang Xiaosai , Bouchaala Fateh , Nizamuddin Syed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe subsurface geological formations demonstrate a range of porosity including cracks. This characteristic significantly affects the propagation of elastic waves in rocks. In this context, Tang's method relies on crack density and aspect ratio as two important parameters. In this new theory, the crack density and aspect ratio can be obtained by inverting the measured velocities (Vp, Vs) of rocks versus different effective confining pressures under dry and fluid-saturated rocks conditions, which is one way to get the crack density value. Another way to calculate the crack density directly is using X-ray CT images to count the cracks in the core plug rock samples. Finally, after using the two different ways to get crack density value, the relationship between crack density value results in two different methods could be revealed.