bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Drainage Network Pattern and Morphometric Analysis by Using Hydrology Support Algorithm
Authors: Erosemiah D. , Viji R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The degree of accuracy in the extraction of the drainage network and morphometric analysis of the basin plays a vital role in assessing geomorphological characteristics and hydrological processes. The extraction of the exact flow network from SRTM-DEM quantifies the drainage network, and morphometric parameters, which is the main objective of this study. The Thamirabarani river basin in Tamil Nadu, India is taken as the study area. The stream order threshold algorithm is used for stream rasterization to get the pattern of the basin’s drainage network. The hydrology-based algorithm uses a different range of threshold values to determine the stream pattern, which is comparable to the stream vectors of the toposheet. The drainage network distribution with a threshold value of 10000 gives many minor streams which imply dissimilarities with the stream network of toposheet, whereas the threshold value of 20000 shows remarkable similarity to an existing river system. The model with threshold 20000 provides a Stranhler-based drainage network with a basin area of 5664.52 km2. The basin is the fifth-order stream network with many lower-order streams. The drainage pattern is resulted in dendritic and sub-dendritic. The morphometric parameters of the basin are evaluated with the help of an aspect, slope, and contour. The slope of the study area is flat in the east and steeper in the west, along the area of Western Ghats. A bifurcation ratio ranges from 1.05 to 2.42, indicating that the drainage network is not influenced by structural disturbances in that area. The comprehensive evaluation of flow patterns along with morphometric properties obtained from this study provides data support for estimation of the volume of water in the basin, reservoir operation, and construction of hydrological structures. Also, this result can be used to compute watershed attributes normally used in hydrologic and water resources studies. The hydrology-based algorithm can be employed in other river basins to extract drainage network patterns.
Technical Assessment of the Key LVRT Techniques for Grid-Connected DFIG Wind Turbines
Authors: Alaboudy Ali H. Kasem , Mahmoud Heba A. , Elbaset Adel A. , Abdelsattar Montaser 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs a key portion of renewable energy resources (RESs), wind energy penetration is rapidly deployed. The effects of grid faults on grid-connected wind turbines (WTs) are causing problems for wind energy producers. To meet the necessary requirements, additional resources and technical interventions are needed. One of these requirements is low voltage ride-through (LVRT) of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based WTs. This means that DFIG-WTs must stay connected to the grid during transient grid faults and supply active and reactive power after the fault is cleared. Many techniques for improving the LVRT capability of DFIG-WTs have been developed and this paper examines them. The paper also evaluates how well they align with grid codes, and offers case studies and simulations of the selected key techniques. Lastly, this paper provides guidelines and suggested designs for the LVRT techniques for DFIG-WTs to ensure they meet local grid codes.
Comparison principles for the time-fractional diffusion equations with the Robin boundary conditions. Part I: Linear equations
Authors: Luchko Yuri , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is analysis of the initial-boundary value problems for the linear time-fractional diffusion equations with a uniformly elliptic spatial differential operator of the second order and the Caputo type time-fractional derivative acting in the fractional Sobolev spaces. The boundary conditions are formulated in form of the homogeneous Neumann or Robin conditions. First we discuss the uniqueness and existence of solutions to these initial-boundary value problems. Under some suitable conditions on the problem data, we then prove positivity of the solutions. Based on these results, several comparison principles for the solutions to the initial-boundary value problems for the linear time-fractional diffusion equations are derived.
New halimane and clerodane diterpenoids from Croton cnidophyllus
Authors: Wei Xun , Huang Jia-Luo , Gao Hua-Hua , Yuan Fang-Yu , Tang Gui-Hua , Yin Sheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree new halimane furanoditerpenoids (1–3) and three new clerodane furanoditerpenoids (4–6), along with seven known terpenoids including four pimarane diterpenoids (7–10) and three norisoprenoids (11–13) were isolated from the 95% EtOH extracts of the plants of Croton cnidophyllus. The 2D structures including absolute configuration of new furanoditerpenoids (1–6) were elucidated by analysis of their HRMS and NMR data as well as comparison of experimental and calculated ECD curves. Bioassay revealed that two compounds (8 and 9) possessed certain inhibitory effects against NO production stimulated by LPS, with IC50 values of 19.00 ± 1.76 and 21.61 ± 1.11 μM, respectively.
Graphical Abstract
Bailout Blues: The Write-Down of the AT1 Bonds in the Credit Suisse Bailout
Authors: Paz Valbuena Javier , Eidenmüller Horst 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe recent bailout of Credit Suisse is noteworthy for many reasons. One of them is that, while AT1 bondholders were wiped out, shareholders were not. This violates the ‘absolute priority rule’ which is central to corporate reorganisation and bank resolution regimes. In this article, we analyse the motives and mechanics of the write-down and argue that, given the bond terms, the prospect for a legal challenge by the bondholders is slim. At the same time, we question the merits of the write-down. Bondholders should fare no worse than common equity, regardless of whether a financial institution is put in an insolvency proceeding or bailed out, and the applicable bond terms should reflect this. We also raise the issue of a more principled approach to bailouts more generally.
An interdisciplinary approach to environmental conservation policy: a case of Satoyama redevelopment in the peri-urban area
Authors: Sato Masayuki , Minamoto Toshifumi , Ushimaru Atushi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a practice and discussion for an interdisciplinary approach to policies for the conservation of suburban and peri-urban ecosystems. We highlight the need for evidence-based assessment of the current quality of the targeted nature from perspectives of natural science and problem formulation, and that causes should be investigated from the combined perspectives of social science, economic evaluation, and policy design and evaluation, with an awareness of the possibility of consensus building. In this study, based on the ongoing international trend of ecosystem conservation, an economic analysis was conducted to examine the direction of Satoyama development as a case study of urban and peri-urban ecosystem conservation. The result identified the preference and needs of citizens with regard to Satoyama ecosystems and discussed the consistency between policy targets and citizens’ evaluation.
Schisandrin B Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Zhou Liqin , Zhou Liping , Ma Huanjie , Zhao Jinkai , Lou Dayong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor; the main treatment method is surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20% for metastatic patients. Schisandrin B is the most abundant and active ingredient found in the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Schisandraceae, which has document properties such as liver protection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, and antitumor. The present investigation explored the therapeutic effect of schisandrin B on osteosarcoma (MG63 cells). Cell proliferation and viability, scratch assay, and transwell migration analysis were used to detect the effects of schisandrin B on the growth activity, migration, and invasion of MG63 cells. The effects of schisandrin B on MG63 cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry and tunel staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of autophagy and apoptosis related proteins. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect schisandrin B effects of autophagy and apoptosis on MG63 cells. Schisandrin B inhibited the growth activity, migration ability, and invasion ability of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, schisandrin B induced apoptosis of MG63 cells through autophagy mediated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Graphical Abstract
Frames and generalized operator orbits
Authors: Christensen Ole , Hasannasab Marzieh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis short note is concerned with various operator representations of frames in a Hilbert space $${{{\mathcal {H}}}}.$$

H
.

While it is known that only very special frames can be represented in the form $$\{ T^n \varphi \}_{n=0}^\infty $$

{

T
n

φ
}

n
=
0

∞

for a bounded operator T, we prove that every frame (actually, every Bessel sequence) has a representation of the form $$\{UT^k \varphi \}_{k=0}^\infty $$

{
U

T
k

φ
}

k
=
0

∞

for certain bounded operators U and T. We also provide a lifting procedure that allows to represent any given Bessel sequence in the form $$\{PT^k \varphi \}_{k=0}^\infty ,$$

{
P

T
k

φ
}

k
=
0

∞

,

where T is a bounded operator on an ambient Hilbert space and P denotes the orthogonal projection onto the given Hilbert space $${{{\mathcal {H}}}}.$$

H
.

In particular, this implies that for any frame, the frame coefficients of $$f\in {{{\mathcal {H}}}}$$

f
∈
H

can be calculated as inner products between f and a system of functions of the form $$\{T^k \varphi \}_{k=0}^\infty ,$$

{

T
k

φ
}

k
=
0

∞

,

for a bounded operator T on an ambient Hilbert space.
Highly Accurate Method for Boundary Value Problems with Robin Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ahmed Hany. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe main aim of the current paper is to construct a numerical algorithm for the numerical solutions of second-order linear and nonlinear differential equations subject to Robin boundary conditions. A basis function in terms of the shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind that satisfy the homogeneous Robin boundary conditions is constructed. It has established operational matrices for derivatives of the constructed polynomials. The obtained solutions are spectral and are consequences of the application of collocation method. This method converts the problem governed by their boundary conditions into systems of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations, which can be solved by any convenient numerical solver. The theoretical convergence and error estimates are discussed. Finally, we support the presented theoretical study by presenting seven examples to ensure the accuracy, efficiency, and applicability of the constructed algorithm. The obtained numerical results are compared with the exact solutions and results from other methods. The method produces highly accurate agreement between the approximate and exact solutions, which are displayed in tables and figures.
Road construction and its socio-economic and health impact: a case study of Atonsu lake road
Authors: Sackey Lyndon N. A. , Quartey Jeremiah , Nortey Augustus N. N. , Obeng Afia Tiwaa , Okyere Abigail Amoakoatta , Kayoung Phebe Y. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe construction of roads has become very popular in our age due to heightened modernization, industrialization and the various benefits reaped from proper road systems. However, construction processes massively contribute to environmental pollution and negatively impact socio-economic activities, necessitating this study. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of road construction and socioeconomic and health impact using the Atonsu lake road construction as a case study. A mixed research method was employed in the research work. The quantitative method was used for primary data collection through the distribution of questionnaires, which surveyed the perception of inhabitants on the construction activity, and its health and socioeconomic effects. Through a qualitative method, data from the Kumasi south hospital was used to assess the impact of the activity on health. The income levels of inhabitants before and during the construction process were compared to the minimum wage in Ghana to analyze the impact on their socioeconomic lives. The research indicated that road construction has adversely impacted the health of Atonsu lake road inhabitants but saw a decline in the number of cases recorded at the hospital due to restrictions associated with COVID-19 and its accompanying stigmatization, which prevented people from reporting to the hospital. There was also a significant impact on the income levels of the inhabitants, which has a significant correlation with the frequency of client patronage before and during the construction of the road. Findings reinforce the need to greatly consider including effective dust abatement practices and a phase-by-phase implementation of road construction projects to reduce the negative impacts associated with the process.
Reporting Obligations for Attorneys in Money Laundering Cases: Attorney-Client Privilege Under Pressure?
Authors: Hofmann Robin , Lustenberger Livio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the publication of the Panama Papers in 2016, law firms and attorneys came under the spotlight of international anti-money laundering efforts. It became clear that attorneys, protected by the attorney-client privilege, play a significant role in concealing the origin of illicit funds and the constructing of offshore company-schemes. The public outcry prompted legislators to hold these facilitators accountable and to prevent money-laundering activities by imposing reporting obligation on them, whenever there is the suspicion of a client being involved in illicit activities. Unsurprisingly, attorney and professional associations voiced considerable opposition to these legislative efforts claiming an erosion of the attorney client privilege and nothing less than an attack on the rule of law. This article examines the attorney-client privilege from a historical, empirical, and constitutional perspective. A brief analysis of the legal frameworks in Germany and Switzerland exemplifies how reporting obligations affect legal practice and what challenges exist for attorneys. Both countries are considered global hubs for money laundering activities. The legal concepts of holding attorneys accountable in the neighboring countries differ in some respects. In conclusion, it shows that the legal professions successfully managed to widely avoid a ‘responsibilization’.
ROUTINE QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE SUERC RADIOCARBON LABORATORY
Authors: Tripney B G , Dunbar E , Scott E M , Naysmith P 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe SUERC Radiocarbon Laboratory reports approximately 3000 unknown samples per year with an additional 1200 samples processed for quality assurance purposes. In addition to the primary OxII standard (SRM-4990C) required for AMS batch normalization, secondary “known-age” standards have been used over many years to evaluate individual batch quality. These have included wood (as prepared alpha-cellulose), barley mash, humic acid, a background mammoth bone, known-age bones, and a whisky sample. In this paper, we present some of the results gathered over routine laboratory operation (for more than 10 years) and examine the results illustrating how they are being used to monitor and quality assure performance. Since many of these samples have also been used in the Glasgow intercomparisons, we will also reflect on the results, as well as the actual and potential uses of such samples.
Inductive Risk and the Legitimacy of Non-Majoritarian Institutions
Authors: Fjørtoft Trym Nohr 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn political discourse, it is common to claim that non-majoritarian institutions are legitimate because they are technical and value-free. Even though most analysts disagree, many arguments for non-majoritarian legitimacy rest on claims that work best if institutions are, in fact, value-free. This paper develops a novel standard for non-majoritarian legitimacy. It builds on the rich debate over the value-free ideal in philosophy of science, which has not, so far, been applied systematically to political theory literature on non-majoritarian institutions. This paper suggests that the argument from inductive risk, a strong argument against the value-free ideal, (1) shows why a naive claim to value freedom is a poor general foundation for non-majoritarian legitimacy; (2) provides a device to assess the degree of democratic value inputs required for an institution to be legitimate; which (3) shows the conditions under which a claim to technical legitimacy might still be normatively acceptable.
Early access schemes for innovative health technologies: the views of international stakeholders
Authors: Farmer Caroline , O’Toole Brian , Barnish Maxwell S. , Trigg Laura A. , Hayward Samuel , Crathorne Louise , Kasten Zelie , Spoors John , Melendez-Torres G. J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Early access schemes (EASs) are approaches used by payers to balance and facilitate earlier patient access to innovative health technologies while evidence generation is ongoing. Schemes require investment from payers and are associated with significant risk since not all technologies will be routinely reimbursed. The purpose of this study was to gain the perspectives of policy experts about the key challenges for EASs and potential solutions for their optimal design and implementation.

Methods
Two virtual workshops were convened including (i) UK-based policy experts (England, Wales, and Scotland) and (ii) representatives from multiple healthcare systems (England, France, Sweden, Canada, Poland, and Norway). Participants were encouraged to share their experiences with EASs in their healthcare system and highlight key challenges for policy makers. Discussions were transcribed and analyzed using framework analysis.

Results
Participants agreed that EASs have value when targeted toward innovative technologies with the potential for significant clinical benefit in an area of high unmet need. Participants discussed potential solutions to the challenges faced by payers implementing EASs, including defining eligibility criteria, supporting evidence generation, and approaches to reimbursement.

Conclusions
Participants agreed that EASs are one possible solution for their healthcare systems and have the potential to deliver significant clinical value to patients. However, widespread adoption of EASs is limited due to concerns about the risks for patients and healthcare budgets, further solutions are needed to deliver EASs for targeted therapies.
How does linguistic context influence word learning?
Authors: ALHAMA Raquel G. , ROWLAND Caroline F. , KIDD Evan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile there are well-known demonstrations that children can use distributional information to acquire multiple components of language, the underpinnings of these achievements are unclear. In the current paper, we investigate the potential pre-requisites for a distributional learning model that can explain how children learn their first words. We review existing literature and then present the results of a series of computational simulations with Vector Space Models, a type of distributional semantic model used in Computational Linguistics, which we evaluate against vocabulary acquisition data from children. We focus on nouns and verbs, and we find that: (i) a model with flexibility to adjust for the frequency of events provides a better fit to the human data, (ii) the influence of context words is very local, especially for nouns, and (iii) words that share more contexts with other words are harder to learn.
Exploring the effect of cryopreservation in assisted reproductive technology and potential epigenetic risk
Authors: Sciorio Romualdo , Campos Gerard , Tramontano Luca , Bulletti Francesco M. , Baldini Giorgio M. , Vinciguerra Marina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSince the birth of the first baby by in vitro fertilization in 1978, more than 9 million children have been born worldwide using medically assisted reproductive treatments. Fertilization naturally takes place in the maternal oviduct where unique physiological conditions enable the early healthy development of the embryo. During this dynamic period of early development major waves of epigenetic reprogramming, crucial for the normal fate of the embryo, take place. Increasingly, over the past 20 years concerns relating to the increased incidence of epigenetic anomalies in general, and genomic-imprinting disorders in particular, have been raised following assisted reproduction technology (ART) treatments. Epigenetic reprogramming is particularly susceptible to environmental conditions during the periconceptional period and non-physiological conditions such as ovarian stimulation, in vitro fertilization and embryo culture, as well as cryopreservation procedure, might have the potential to independently or collectively contribute to epigenetic dysregulation. Therefore, this narrative review offers a critical reappraisal of the evidence relating to the association between embryo cryopreservation and potential epigenetic regulation and the consequences on gene expression together with long-term consequences for offspring health and wellbeing. Current literature suggests that epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles are sensitive to the stress induced by vitrification, in terms of osmotic shock, temperature and pH changes, and toxicity of cryoprotectants, it is therefore, critical to have a more comprehensive understanding and recognition of potential unanticipated iatrogenic-induced perturbations of epigenetic modifications that may or may not be a consequence of vitrification.
The Thermal Regime of NW Canada and Alaska, and Tectonic and Seismicity Consequences
Authors: Hyndman R. D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNW Canada and Alaska are the continuation of the North American Cordillera through Mexico, western USA and western Canada. I show that they have similar thermal regimes and thermal control of tectonics and seismicity. I first summarize the multiple constraints to crust and upper mantle temperatures and then discuss some consequences. There are bimodal crust and upper mantle temperatures characteristic of most subduction zones: cool forearc, uniformly hot backarc (Yukon Composite Terrane to Southern Brooks Range, and Mackenzie Mountains), and stable cratonic backstops (Arctic Alaska Terrane and Canadian Shield). The main constraints are as follows: (a) Heat flow measurements, (b) Temperature‐dependent upper mantle velocities and seismic attenuation, (c) Temperature‐dependent topographic elevations; thermal isostasy, (d) Depth and temperature of the seismic lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB), (e) Origin temperature and depth of craton kimberlite xenoliths, (f) Geochemically inferred source temperature and depth of recent volcanic rocks. (g) Depth to the magnetic Curie temperature, (h) Depth extent of seismicity. The backarc lithosphere is thin, LAB at 50–85 km and ∼1,350°C ± 25°C. Moho temperatures at 35 km are 850°C ± 100°C compared to cool cratonic areas of 400°C–500°C. The consequences include the following: (a) Thin and weak backarc lithosphere that accommodates pervasive tectonic deformation indicated by wide‐spread seismicity and GPS‐defined motions, in contrast to the stable cratonic regions; (b) Weak backarc lower crust that flattens the Moho and allows detachment and thrusting of the upper crust over the cold strong Arctic Alaska Terrane and Canadian Shield. This article provides a model for how to estimate deep temperatures from multiple constraints.