bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geopolymers for 3D print
Authors: Hájková P , Soukup A , Kohout J , Kohoutová E , Koutník P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
3D print of building materials has increasing popularity in the construction industry all around the world. However, geopolymer material, which stands out for its high temperature resistance and low CO2 emissions compared to concrete, is very rarely used for 3D printing. This work is focused on a composite material based on a geopolymer binder, which is suitable for 3D printing of building elements. The properties of the developed geopolymer composite and the parameters that influence them are described in detail. One of the most important properties of the geopolymer composite for 3D print is setting time and its influence possibilities. The optimal setting time of the developed geopolymer material was 50 minutes. This composite reached up to 70 MPa at room temperature and 35 MPa after exposure to temperature of 800°C.
The influence of lithium silicate impregnation on the properties of surface layer of cementitious composites
Authors: Jansová K , Fládr J , Bílý P , Kalina L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The degradation processes in surface layers of cementitious composites can be mitigated either by optimizing of the material or by applying surface protection. In this paper, the effect of lithium silicate (LS) sealer is investigated. Water absorbance is studied on standard cement mortar; frost resistance and porosity are examined on two types of concrete (C30/37 and C50/60). The results indicate that LS impregnation improves the water absorbance only slightly and only in the case of short exposure to water; water absorbance was reduced by 15–25% immediately after applying the LS sealer, but the effect was negligible (2–8%) after 24 hours of immersion in water. Frost resistance was not affected by LS impregnation, but a significant improvement of mechanical parameters (flexural tensile strength and weight loss after 50 freeze-thaw cycles) was observed. The resistivity of the concrete surface was increased by LS impregnation by 36–40%, indicating the improvement of quality of the surface layer, while the porosity was practically unaffected.
Low-temperature synthesis of binder with belite content
Authors: Staněk T , Rybová A , Khongová I , Zezulová A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sol-gel methods or hydrothermal treatment in combination with low-temperature burning are used for low-temperature syntheses of hydraulically active dicalcium silicate. The paper describes a two-stage preparation process without the use of an autoclave. In the first phase, the precursors of hydraulically active phases are prepared. In the second phase, burning up to 1000 °C takes place to form a C2S-based binder. Unlike commonly used procedures of the sol-gel method, solid raw materials and water are used. The main raw materials are quicklime and a source of SiO2 and then various activators. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy methods were used for the research. The resulting binders are similar to hydraulic lime, they achieve low initial strengths, the long-term strengths are satisfactory. It is suitable for the preparation of mortars and plaster mixtures.
The effect of the bent of FRP rebar on its short-term mechanical properties
Authors: Lagiň J , Prokeš J , Girgle F , Kostiha V , Vašátko D , Bezděk O , Sedláček O , Štěpánek P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the construction industry, FRP (fibre-reinfoced-polymer) reinforcement is used mainly because of its high resistance to aggressive environments. The production and design of straight FRP rebars are now very well understood and described. However, when designing concrete elements, it is usually necessary to adapt the reinforcement to the structure shape and to use bent rebars. However, during the production process, unfavourable changes in the fibre distribution across the cross-section may occur at the bent section. It has a significant effect on the short and long-term properties of the rebar. The paper addresses the highly topical issue of the composition, manufacturing and testing of shaped composite rebar. Consequently, the article presents experimentally determined values of mechanical characteristics obtained from the performed tests.
Study of the possibility of using vacuum insulation panels in building construction in comparison with conventional insulators
Authors: Zach J , Peterková J , Novák V , Bubeník J , Košir M. , Božiček D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The use of super insulating materials in the construction industry, including vacuum insulation, closely corresponds to the ever-increasing requirements for the construction of low-energy and passive buildings. Their indisputable advantage is their excellent thermal insulation properties at low thickness compared to conventional thermal insulation materials. However, there are also many risks associated with the experience and practice of the personnel involved in the application of these materials to structures. The paper focuses on the overall comparison of the possible use of vacuum insulation panels in modern building structures in terms of possible design solutions and achieved properties. The paper presents the results of selected case studies of the optimal use of vacuum insulation panels (VIP) in the construction industry, which are focused on different areas of building structures, specifically on the detail of the transition of the terrace and the adjacent floor, as well as on the solution of the filling of openings - doors. Based on the results of the studies carried out, it can be concluded that, provided that all procedures for maintaining the VIP properties are followed in the implementation of these materials in structures, vacuum insulations represent a more suitable solution for structural details in selected details (less thickness and comparable thermal insulation properties compared to conventional insulations).
Improvement of quantum walks search algorithm in single-marked vertex graph
Authors: Li Xinying , Shang Yun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Quantum walks are powerful tools for building quantum search algorithms. However, these success probabilities are far below 1. Amplitude amplification is usually used to amplify success probability, but the soufflé problem follows. Only stop at the right step can we achieve a maximum success probability. Otherwise, as the number of steps increases, the success probability may decrease, which will cause troubles in the practical application of the algorithm when the optimal number of steps is unknown. In this work, we define generalized interpolated quantum walks instead of amplitude amplification, which can not only improve the success probability but also avoid the soufflé problem. We choose a special case of generalized interpolated quantum walks and construct a series of new search algorithms based on phase estimation and quantum fast-forwarding, respectively. Especially, by combining our interpolated quantum walks with quantum fast-forwarding, we both reduce the time complexity of the search algorithm from

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Dimensional measures of generalized entropy
Authors: Zhdankin Vladimir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Entropy is useful in statistical problems as a measure of irreversibility, randomness, mixing, dispersion, and number of microstates. However, there remains ambiguity over the precise mathematical formulation of entropy, generalized beyond the additive definition pioneered by Boltzmann, Gibbs, and Shannon (applicable to thermodynamic equilibria). For generalized entropies to be applied rigorously to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, we suggest that there is a need for a physically interpretable (dimensional) framework that can be connected to dynamical processes operating in phase space. In this work, we introduce dimensional measures of entropy that admit arbitrary invertible weight functions (subject to curvature and convergence requirements). These ‘dimensional entropies’ have physical dimensions of phase-space volume and represent the extent of level sets of the distribution function. Dimensional entropies with power-law weight functions (related to Rényi and Tsallis entropies) are particularly robust, as they do not require any internal dimensional parameters due to their scale invariance. We also point out the existence of composite entropy measures that can be constructed from functionals of dimensional entropies. We calculate the response of the dimensional entropies to perturbations, showing that for a structured distribution, perturbations have the largest impact on entropies weighted at a similar phase-space scale. This elucidates the link between dynamics (perturbations) and statistics (entropies). Finally, we derive corresponding generalized maximum-entropy distributions. Dimensional entropies may be useful as a diagnostic (for irreversibility) and for theoretical modeling (if the underlying irreversible processes in phase space are understood) in chaotic and complex systems, such as collisionless systems of particles with long-range interactions.
Discrete Wigner–Weyl calculus for the finite lattice
Authors: Zubkov M A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We develop the approach of Felix Buot to construction of Wigner–Weyl calculus for the lattice models. We apply this approach to the tight-binding models with finite number of lattice cells. For simplicity we restrict ourselves to the case of rectangular lattice. We start from the original Buot definition of the symbol of operator. This definition is corrected in order to maintain self-consistency of the algebraic constructions. It appears, however, that the Buot symbol for simple operators does not have a regular limit when the lattice size tends to infinity. Therefore, using a more dense auxiliary lattice we modify the Buot symbol of operator in order to build our new discrete Weyl symbol. The latter obeys several useful identities inherited from the continuum theory. Besides, the limit of infinitely large lattice becomes regular. We formulate Keldysh technique for the lattice models using the proposed Weyl symbols of operators. Within this technique the simple expression for the electric conductivity of a two dimensional non-equilibrium and non-homogeneous system is derived. This expression smoothly approaches the topological one in the limit of thermal equilibrium at small temperature and large system area.
Health literacy, numeracy, graph literacy, and digital literacy: an overview of definitions, evaluation methods, and best practices
Authors: Reading Turchioe Meghan , Mangal Sabrina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Health literacy is an important skill for people receiving care. Those with limited literacy face disparities in their care and health outcomes when strategies for addressing literacy are not used when delivering health information. In this article, we introduce the importance of considering health literacy, defining it and related concepts including numeracy, graph literacy, and digital literacy, and discuss open questions about measuring health literacy in clinical care. Finally, we present best practices, including assuming ‘universal precautions’, carefully considering wording, leveraging visualizations, recognizing cultural differences in interpretation, providing guidance on pilot testing, and considering digital literacy when developing electronic materials.
The Relative Importance of Crown Position and Vigor in Determining the Growth and Mortality of Sugar Maple Trees
Authors: Cecil-Cockwell Malcolm J L , Caspersen John P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In northern hardwood forests, selection silviculture aims to remove low-vigor trees that are likely to die or grow slowly to increase the growth of the remaining high-vigor trees, particularly those afforded more exposure to direct light. However, few studies have quantified the relative importance of crown position and vigor in determining growth and mortality. In this article, we did so for the most common species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and we quantified the difference in growth and mortality between each of four crown classes to determine whether fewer classes can be used to describe competition-related variation in growth. Our results show that mortality is primarily determined by vigor, competition reduces growth more than the defects used to assess vigor, and there is only a modest difference in growth between dominant and co-dominant trees, indicating that these two classes can be merged because they are effectively released, unlike trees that are surrounded by competitors. Based on these results, we conclude that stand improvement should not be prioritized over crown spacing, and that tree markers should release surrounded trees to whatever extent possible, including as many trees as possible and low-vigor trees where necessary.
Study Implications: We identified three ways to balance stand improvement and crown spacing in selection-managed northern hardwood forests. First, tree markers should not only release high-vigor trees, but also low-vigor trees that will be retained. Second, tree markers should focus on releasing trees surrounded by competitors rather than dominant and co-dominant trees. Third, rather than maximizing lateral light exposure for a few select trees, tree markers should release trees to whatever extent possible, including as many trees as possible and low-vigor trees where necessary. Finally, we provide a heuristic method for classifying crown position and implementing our spacing recommendations.
Polar ionospheric currents and high temporal resolution geomagnetic field models
Authors: Kloss Clemens , Finlay Christopher C , Laundal Karl M , Olsen Nils 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
Estimating high resolution models of the Earth’s core magnetic field and its time variation in the polar regions requires that one can adequately account for magnetic signals produced by polar ionospheric currents, which vary on a wide range of time and length scales. Limitations of existing ionospheric field models in the challenging polar regions can adversely affect core field models, which in turn has important implications for studies of the core flow dynamics in those regions. Here we implement a new approach to co-estimate a climatological model of the ionospheric field together with a model of the internal and magnetospheric fields within the CHAOS geomagnetic field modelling framework. The parametrization of the ionospheric field exploits non-orthogonal magnetic coordinates to efficiently account for the geometry of the Earth’s magnetic field and scales linearly with external driving parameters related to the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field. Using this approach we derive a new geomagnetic field model from measurements of the magnetic field collected by low Earth orbit satellites, which in addition to the internal field provides estimates of the typical current system in the polar ionosphere and successfully accounts for previously unmodelled ionospheric signals in field model residuals. To resolve the ambiguity between the internal and ionospheric fields when using satellite data alone, we impose regularization. We find that the time derivative of the estimated internal field is less contaminated by the polar currents, which is mostly visible in the zonal and near-zonal terms at high spherical harmonic degrees. Distinctive patches of strong secular variation at the core–mantle boundary, which have important implications for core dynamics, persist. Relaxing the temporal regularization reveals annual oscillations, which could indicate remaining ionospheric field or related induced signals in the internal field model. Using principal component analysis we find that the annual oscillations mostly affect the zonal low-degree spherical harmonics of the internal field.
Automatic determination of focal depth with the optimal period of Rayleigh wave amplitude spectra at local distances
Authors: He Xiaohui , Zhang Peizhen , Ni Sidao , Chu Risheng , Wu Wenbo , Zheng Kaiyue 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
Focal depth of earthquakes is essential for studies of seismogenic processes and seismic hazards. In regions with dense seismic networks, focal depth can be resolved precisely based on the traveltime of P and S, which is less feasible in case of sparse networks. Instead, surface waves are usually the strongest seismic phases at local and regional distances, and its excitation is sensitive to source depth, thus theoretically important for estimating focal depth even with a limited number of seismic stations. In this study, short-period (0.5–20 s) Rayleigh waves are explored to constrain focal depths. We observe that the optimal period (the period corresponding to the maximum amplitude) of Rayleigh waves at local distances (≤200 km) shows an almost linear correlation with focal depth. Based on this finding, we propose an automated method for resolving the focal depth of local earthquakes using the linear regression relation between the optimal period of Rayleigh wave amplitude spectra and focal depth. Synthetic tests indicate the robustness of this method against source parameters (focal mechanism, source duration and non-double-couple component) and crustal velocity structure. Although the attenuation (Q factor) of shallow crust can introduce complexities in determining focal depth, it can be simultaneously estimated if a sufficient number of stations are available. The proposed method is applied to tens of small-to-moderate earthquakes (Mw 3.5–5.0) in diverse tectonic settings, including locations in the United States (Oklahoma, South Carolina, California, Utah, etc.) and China (Sichuan, Shandong). Results demonstrate that reliable focal depth, with uncertainty of 1–2 km, can be determined even with one or a few seismic stations. This highlights the applicability of the method in scenarios characterized by sparse network coverage or historical events.
Role of surgical embolectomy in the management of acute massive and submassive pulmonary embolism in the setting of a small island developing state
Authors: Forter-Chee-A-Tow Ninon , Smith Alan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a life-threatening condition despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Treatment modalities include systemic thrombolysis, catheter-based therapies and surgical embolectomy. This case report describes the first recorded surgical embolectomy for acute PE in Barbados, a small island developing state.
Beyond skin-deep: targeting the plant surface for crop improvement
Authors: Jolliffe Jenna Bryanne , Pilati Stefania , Moser Claudio , Lashbrooke Justin Graham 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The above-ground plant surface is a well-adapted tissue layer that acts as an interface between the plant and its surrounding environment. As such, its primary role is to protect against desiccation and maintain the gaseous exchange required for photosynthesis. Further, this surface layer provides a barrier against pathogens and herbivory, while attracting pollinators and agents of seed dispersal. In the context of agriculture, the plant surface is strongly linked to post-harvest crop quality and yield. The epidermal layer contains several unique cell types adapted for these functions, while the non-lignified above-ground plant organs are covered by a hydrophobic cuticular membrane. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying crop cuticle and epidermal cell formation, with focus placed on genetic elements contributing towards quality, yield, drought tolerance, herbivory defence, pathogen resistance, pollinator attraction, and sterility, while highlighting the inter-relatedness of plant surface development and traits. Potential crop improvement strategies utilizing this knowledge are outlined in the context of the recent development of new breeding techniques.
A dependence of binary and planetary system destruction on subtle variations in the substructure in young star-forming regions
Authors: Parker Richard J 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Simulations of the effects of stellar fly-bys on planetary systems in star-forming regions show a strong dependence on subtle variations in the initial spatial and kinematic substructure of the regions. For similar stellar densities, the more substructured star-forming regions disrupt up to a factor of 2 more planetary systems. We extend this work to look at the effects of substructure on stellar binary populations. We present N-body simulations of substructured, and non-substructured (smooth) star-forming regions in which we place different populations of stellar binaries. We find that for binary populations that are dominated by close (&lt;100 au) systems, a higher proportion are destroyed in substructured regions. However, for wider systems (&gt;100 au), a higher proportion are destroyed in smooth regions. The difference is likely due to the hard–soft or fast–slow boundary for binary destruction. Hard (fast/close) binaries are more likely to be destroyed in environments with a small velocity dispersion (kinematically substructured regions), whereas soft (slow/wide) binaries are more likely to be destroyed in environments with higher velocity dispersions (non-kinematically substructured regions). Due to the vast range of stellar binary semimajor axes in star-forming regions (10−2 to 104 au), these differences are small and hence unlikely to be observable. However, planetary systems have a much smaller initial semimajor axis range (likely ∼1–100 au for gas giants) and here the difference in the fraction of companions due to substructure could be observed if the star-forming regions that disrupt planetary systems formed with similar stellar densities.