bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating the Self‐Trapped Excitons in the Lead Iodide/Hexagonal Boron Nitride van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Li Delong , Han Na , Chen Hao , Zhu Jiaqi , Gong Youning , Bao Qiaoliang , Wang Weiliang , Zhang Yupeng , Wang Guo Ping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe self‐trapped excitons (STEs) in soft van der Waals (vdW) materials have aroused tremendous attention. The conventional methods to manipulate the STEs include the introduction of permanent defect or lattice distortion, which lead to the suppression of the inherent structures and properties. Developing a non‐destructive method to achieve room temperature STEs with high tunability is thus of strategic interest. Stacking 2D materials to form a vdW heterostructure will introduce many‐body interactions, which should be exploited to tailor STE emissions controllably. To this regard, the highly tunable STE emissions in vdW heterostructures composed of lead iodide, hexagonal boron nitride, or molybdenum oxide are demonstrated. It is found that the synergistic effect of the dielectric screening and interfacial many‐body interaction improve the temperature characteristic and emission properties of STEs. The strong STE emissions with highly tunable center energies in a broadband spectrum range from ≈625 to 750 nm are verified at room temperature. This work provides a non‐destructive method to manipulate the STE emissions at room temperature in rigid lattice vdW materials, which is expected to open the potential of STEs for next‐generation optoelectronics.
Deconvolution of the fluorescence spectra measured through a needle probe to assess the functional state of the liver
Authors: Kandurova Ksenia Y. , Sumin Dmitry S. , Mamoshin Andrian V. , Potapova Elena V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesCurrently, one of the most pressing issues for surgeons in the treatment of obstructive jaundice is the ability to assess the functional state of the liver and to detect and determine the degree of liver failure in a timely manner with simple and objective techniques. In this regard, the use of fluorescence spectroscopy method can be considered as one of the ways to improve the informativity of existing diagnostic algorithms in clinical practice and to introduce new diagnostic tools. Thus, the aim of the work was to study in vivo the functional state of liver parenchyma by the method of fluorescence spectroscopy implemented through a needle probe and assess the contribution of the main tissue fluorophores to reveal new diagnostic criteria.Materials and MethodsWe compared data from 20 patients diagnosed with obstructive jaundice and 11 patients without this syndrome. Measurements were performed using a fluorescence spectroscopy method at excitation wavelengths of 365 and 450 nm. Data were collected using a 1 mm fiber optic needle probe. The analysis was based on the comparison of the results of deconvolution with the combinations of Gaussian curves reflecting the contribution of the pure fluorophores in the liver tissues.ResultsThe results showed a statistically significant increase in the contribution of curves reflecting NAD(P)H fluorescence, bilirubin, and flavins in the group of patients with obstructive jaundice. This and the calculated redox ratio values indicated that the energy metabolism of the hepatocytes may have shifted to glycolysis due to hypoxia. An increase in vitamin A fluorescence was also observed. It may also serve as a marker of liver damage, indicating impaired vitamin A mobilization from the liver due to cholestasis.ConclusionsThe results obtained reflect changes associated with shifts in the content of the main fluorophores characterizing hepatocyte dysfunction caused by accumulation of bilirubin and bile acids and after disturbance of oxygen utilization. The contributions of NAD(P)H, flavins, and bilirubin as well as vitamin A can be used for further studies as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers for the course of liver failure. Further work will include collecting fluorescence spectroscopy data in patients with different clinical effects of obstructive jaundice on postoperative clinical outcome after biliary decompression.
On the convexity coefficient of Musielak–Orlicz function spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm
Authors: Guo Tianbao , Cui Yunan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Hudzik and Landes, the convexity coefficient of Musielak–Orlicz function spaces over a non‐atomic measure space equipped with the Luxemburg norm is computed whenever the Musielak–Orlicz functions are strictly convex see [6]. In this paper, we extend this result to the case of Musielak–Orlicz spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm. Also, a characterization of uniformly convex Musielak–Orlicz function spaces as well as k‐uniformly convex Musielak–Orlicz spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm is given.
Workplace Environment Microaggressions in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: An International Survey
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Kan Krystal , Sims H. Steven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo survey members of the otolaryngology community about their personal and observed experiences of being treated differently because of one's physical attributes, cultural norms, or preferences in the workplace.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingInternational Electronic Survey.MethodsWe invited members of the international otolaryngology community including 3 European or American otorhinolaryngological Societies to complete a survey about personal/observed experience of differential treatment in the workplace related to age, biological sex; disability, gender identity, language proficiency, military experience, citizenship, ethnicity/race, political belief, and sexual orientation. Results were analyzed according to participant ethnicity/race (white vs non‐white) and gender (male vs female)ResultsFour hundred seven participants completed the evaluations: 301 white (74%) and 106 non‐white (26%) participants. Non‐white participants reported significantly more experiences of differential treatment (microaggressions) than white participants (p < .05). Non‐white participants more frequently felt that they needed to work harder for the same opportunities as their peers and were more likely to consider leaving a position because of an unsupportive environment. In general, females reported more frequent experiences with differential treatment related to sexual orientation, biological sex, and gender identity than males.ConclusionWe recognized reports of differential treatment as a proxy for microaggressions. Non‐white members of the otolaryngology community self‐report experiencing or observing more microaggressions than white members in the workplace. Acknowledging the existence and impact of microaggressions in the field of Otolaryngology is the first step towards cultivating an inclusive, diverse workforce where all members feel supported, validated, and welcomed.
Multi‐state network meta‐analysis of progression and survival data
Authors: Jansen Jeroen P. , Incerti Devin , Trikalinos Thomas A. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryMultiple randomized controlled trials, each comparing a subset of competing interventions, can be synthesized by means of a network meta‐analysis to estimate relative treatment effects between all interventions in the evidence base. Here we focus on estimating relative treatment effects for time‐to‐event outcomes. Cancer treatment effectiveness is frequently quantified by analyzing overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). We introduce a method for the joint network meta‐analysis of PFS and OS that is based on a time‐inhomogeneous tri‐state (stable, progression, and death) Markov model where time‐varying transition rates and relative treatment effects are modeled with parametric survival functions or fractional polynomials. The data needed to run these analyses can be extracted directly from published survival curves. We demonstrate use by applying the methodology to a network of trials for the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer. The proposed approach allows the joint synthesis of OS and PFS, relaxes the proportional hazards assumption, extends to a network of more than two treatments, and simplifies the parameterization of decision and cost‐effectiveness analyses.
Intergenerational toxic effects of parental exposure to [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2,4,6) on nervous and skeletal development in zebrafish offspring
Authors: Lu Xin , He Yan , Liu Yue , Wang Xin‐ping , Xue Yu‐ling , Zheng Zi‐yi , Duan Su‐yang , Kong Hong‐liang , Zhang Rong‐zhi , Huang Jiao‐long , Deng Jie , Duan Peng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are thought to have negative effects on human health. Researchers have explored the effects of ILs on zebrafish development during the early stages, but the intergenerational toxicity of ILs on zebrafish development has rarely been reported. Herein, parental zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L) of [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6) for 1 week. Subsequently, the F1 offspring were cultured in clean water for 96 h. [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6) exposure inhibited spermatogenesis and oogenesis in F0 adults, even causing obvious lacunae in the testis and atretic follicle oocytes in ovary. After parental exposure to [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6), the body length and locomotor behavior were measured in F1 larvae at 96 hours post‐fertilization (hpf). The results showed that the higher the concentration of [Cnmim]NO3 (n = 2, 4, 6), the shorter the body length and swimming distance, and the longer the immobility time. Besides, a longer alkyl chain length of [Cnmim]NO3 had a more negative effect on body length and locomotor behavior. RNA‐seq analysis revealed several downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs)—grin1b, prss1, gria3a, and gria4a—enriched in neurodevelopment‐related pathways, particularly the pathway for neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. Moreover, several upregulated DEGs, namely col1a1a, col1a1b, and acta2, were mainly associated with skeletal development. Expression of DEGs was tested by RT‐qPCR, and the outcomes were consistent with those obtained from RNA‐Seq. We provide evidence showing the effects of parental exposure to ILs on the regulation of nervous and skeletal development in F1 offspring, demonstrating intergenerational effects.
Rechtsfragen in den einzelnen Beziehungen der Echtzeitüberweisung
Authors: Rakers Marius 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie rechtlichen Herausforderungen der Echtzeitüberweisung, welche sich aus den zur konventionellen Überweisung unterschiedlichen Merkmalen ergeben, betreffen sämtliche Vertragsverhältnisse im Rahmen der Ausführung. Dabei wirken sich einige Charakteristika in mehreren Vertragsverhältnissen gleichzeitig aus. Da der anwendbare Rechtsrahmen je nach Verhältnis divergiert, werden die sich ergebenden Fragestellungen in solche des Deckungs-, Valuta-, Inkasso- und Interbankenverhältnisses gegliedert.
On-shell supersymmetry and higher-spin amplitudes
Authors: Balasubramanian Mahesh K. N. , Chakraborty Kushal , Rudra Arnab , Saha Arnab Priya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We use on-shell Supersymmetry to constrain the three-point function of two massless particles and one massive particle in 3+1 dimensions. We use this information to write down the tree-level four-point function of massless particles for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, 2 and 4 theories. In particular, we derive the expressions for four-photon/gluon amplitudes with massive higher spin exchange in theories with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Supersymmetry in 3+1 dimensions.
Bootstrap bounds on D0-brane quantum mechanics
Authors: Lin Henry W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We derive simple bootstrap bounds on correlation functions of the BFSS matrix theory/D0-brane quantum mechanics. The result strengthens and extends Polchinski’s virial theorem bound to finite energies and gives the first non-trivial bound on ⟨Tr X2⟩. Despite their simplicity, the bounds hint at some features of the dual black hole geometry. Our best lower bounds are already a factor of ∼ 2 from existing Monte Carlo results.
Influence of shielding gas coverage during laser hot-wire cladding with high carbon steel
Authors: Budde Laura , Biester Kai , Coors Timm , Faqiri Mohamad Yusuf , Lammers Marius , Hermsdorf Jörg , Hassel Thomas , Pape Florian , Overmeyer Ludger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn contrast to conventional components made from a single material, hybrid multi-material components allow the production of load-adapted parts with different materials in different structural and functional areas. Hardenable and forgeable steels with a high carbon content are suitable for increasing fatigue and wear resistance and thus an extension of component life. However, materials with an equivalent carbon content of more than 0.6 are considered difficult to weld due to their tendency to crack. This study investigates the influence of the shielding gas coverage on the laser hot-wire cladding process with high carbon cladding material AISI 52100. For this reason, welding tests were carried out with different parameter combinations in a process chamber flooded with argon. The oxygen content in the chamber was less than 500 ppm during the welding process. The claddings welded in the process chamber are compared to the claddings welded in a previous investigation with a commercial shielding gas nozzle for laser deposition welding with wire. The tests conducted showed reduced pore formation and very little sparking. By using a process chamber, the average degree of dilution was reduced from 16.9% to 8.5% and burn-off of alloying elements was reduced. In most cases, high hardness values of 700 HV0.1 to 850 HV0.1 were achieved. The use of the process chamber demonstrates that the shielding gas coverage and therefore the remaining oxygen content have a high influence on the process stability and seam quality when welding high carbon steel. Such a considerable effect has not yet been observed with other commercially available cladding steels.
Distinct hemodynamic and functional connectivity features of fatigue in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis: accounting for the confounding effect of concurrent depression symptoms
Authors: Antypa Despina , Simos Nicholas John , Panou Theodora , Spyridaki Eirini , Kagialis Antonios , Kosteletou Emmanouela , Kavroulakis Eleftherios , Mastorodemos Vasileios , Papadaki Efrosini 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to identify common and distinct hemodynamic and functional connectivity (FC) features for self-rated fatigue and depression symptoms in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS).

Methods
Twenty-four CIS, 29 RR-MS patients, and 39 healthy volunteers were examined using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) to obtain whole-brain maps of (i) hemodynamic response patterns (through time shift analysis), (ii) FC (via intrinsic connectivity contrast maps), and (iii) coupling between hemodynamic response patterns and FC. Each regional map was correlated with fatigue scores, controlling for depression, and with depression scores, controlling for fatigue.

Results
In CIS patients, the severity of fatigue was associated with accelerated hemodynamic response in the insula, hyperconnectivity of the superior frontal gyrus, and evidence of reduced hemodynamics–FC coupling in the left amygdala. In contrast, depression severity was associated with accelerated hemodynamic response in the right limbic temporal pole, hypoconnectivity of the anterior cingulate gyrus, and increased hemodynamics–FC coupling in the left amygdala. In RR-MS patients, fatigue was associated with accelerated hemodynamic response in the insula and medial superior frontal cortex, increased functional role of the left amygdala, and hypoconnectivity of the dorsal orbitofrontal cortex, while depression symptom severity was linked to delayed hemodynamic response in the medial superior frontal gyrus; hypoconnectivity of the insula, ventromedial thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate; and decreased hemodynamics–FC coupling of the medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Conclusion
There are distinct FC and hemodynamic responses, as well as different magnitude and topography of hemodynamic connectivity coupling, associated with fatigue and depression in early and later stages of MS.
Normal organ dosimetry for thyroid cancer patients treated with radioiodine as part of the multi-centre multi-national Horizon 2020 MEDIRAD project
Authors: Taprogge Jan , Vergara-Gil Alex , Leek Francesca , Abreu Carla , Vávrová Lenka , Carnegie-Peake Lily , Schumann Sarah , Eberlein Uta , Lassmann Michael , Schurrat Tino , Luster Markus , Verburg Frederik A. , Vallot Delphine , Vija Lavinia , Courbon Frédéric , Newbold Kate , Bardiès Manuel , Flux Glenn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Dosimetry is rarely performed for the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer patients with Na[131I]I (radioiodine), and information regarding absorbed doses delivered is limited. Collection of dosimetry data in a multi-centre setting requires standardised quantitative imaging and dosimetry. A multi-national, multi-centre clinical study was performed to assess absorbed doses delivered to normal organs for differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with Na[131I]I.

Methods
Patients were enrolled in four centres and administered fixed activities of 1.1 or 3.7 GBq of Na[131I]I using rhTSH stimulation or under thyroid hormone withdrawal according to local protocols. Patients were imaged using SPECT(/CT) at variable imaging time-points following standardised acquisition and reconstruction protocols. Whole-body retention data were collected. Dosimetry for normal organs was performed at two dosimetry centres and results collated.

Results
One hundred and five patients were recruited. Median absorbed doses per unit administered activity of 0.44, 0.14, 0.05 and 0.16 mGy/MBq were determined for the salivary glands of patients treated at centre 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Median whole-body absorbed doses for 1.1 and 3.7 GBq were 0.05 Gy and 0.16 Gy, respectively. Median whole-body absorbed doses per unit administered activity of 0.04, 0.05, 0.04 and 0.04 mGy/MBq were calculated for centre 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.

Conclusions
A wide range of normal organ doses were observed for differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with Na[131I]I, highlighting the necessity for individualised dosimetry. The results show that data may be collated from multiple centres if minimum standards for the acquisition and dosimetry protocols can be achieved.
Effect of adenoid size on the post-adenoidectomy hypernasality in children with a normal palate
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Mosaad , Hady Aisha Fawzy Abdel , Sheikhany Ayatallah Raouf , Yousef Ahmed Ibrahim , Sabry Omar Aly , Farag Heba Mahomoud 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Adenoidectomy, either alone or with tonsillectomy, is a common surgical procedure in the field of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Resonance function may be altered postoperatively in the form of hypernasality, which is usually transient. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adenoid size on post-adenoidectomy hypernasality in children with a normal palate.

Methods
Seventy-one children with different degrees of adenoid hypertrophy were included in this prospective observational study. Endoscopic assessment of the adenoid size and preoperative and postoperative evaluation of speech (at 1 and 3 months) with auditory perceptual assessment (APA) and nasometry were performed.

Results
APA showed preoperative hyponasality in 59.1% of children and was found to be significantly related to the adenoid size, with more hyponasality in grades 3 and 4. One month postoperatively, hypernasality was detected in 26.7% of patients and was found to be related to the preoperative adenoid size with higher hypernasality in grades 3 and 4. Three months postoperatively, all patients had gained normal nasality except one (1.4%) who was subjected to a longer follow-up period. Nasometric assessment showed significant differences at the three visits (pre, 1, and 3 months postoperatively), with a negative correlation between the grade of adenoid size and nasalance scores preoperatively and a significant positive correlation between them at 1 month postoperatively. However, no significant correlation was detected at 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusion
Transient hypernasality may develop in some patients after adenoidectomy, especially in children with a larger preoperative adenoid size. However, transient hypernasality generally resolves spontaneously within 3 months.
Schizophrenia polygenic risk score in psychosis proneness
Authors: Mas-Bermejo Patricia , Papiol Sergi , Via Marc , Rovira Paula , Torrecilla Pilar , Kwapil Thomas R. , Barrantes-Vidal Neus , Rosa Araceli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder with a highly polygenic inheritance. It can be conceived as the extreme expression of a continuum of traits that are present in the general population often broadly referred to as schizotypy. However, it is still poorly understood how these traits overlap genetically with the disorder. We investigated whether polygenic risk for SZ is associated with these disorder-related phenotypes (schizotypy, psychotic-like experiences, and subclinical psychopathology) in a sample of 253 non-clinically identified participants. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were constructed based on the latest SZ genome-wide association study using the PRS-CS method. Their association with self-report and interview measures of SZ-related traits was tested. No association with either schizotypy or psychotic-like experiences was found. However, we identified a significant association with the Motor Change subscale of the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) interview. Our results indicate that the genetic overlap of SZ with schizotypy and psychotic-like experiences is less robust than previously hypothesized. The relationship between high PRS for SZ and motor abnormalities could reflect neurodevelopmental processes associated with psychosis proneness and SZ.
Unlocking the depths: multiple factors contribute to risk for hypoxic blackout during deep freediving
Authors: Mulder Eric , Staunton Craig , Sieber Arne , Schagatay Erika 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the effect of freediving depth on risk for hypoxic blackout by recording arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) during deep and shallow dives in the sea.

Methods
Fourteen competitive freedivers conducted open-water training dives wearing a water-/pressure proof pulse oximeter continuously recording HR and SpO2. Dives were divided into deep (> 35 m) and shallow (10–25 m) post-hoc and data from one deep and one shallow dive from 10 divers were compared.

Results
Mean ± SD depth was 53 ± 14 m for deep and 17 ± 4 m for shallow dives. Respective dive durations (120 ± 18 s and 116 ± 43 s) did not differ. Deep dives resulted in lower minimum SpO2 (58 ± 17%) compared with shallow dives (74 ± 17%; P = 0.029). Overall diving HR was 7 bpm higher in deep dives (P = 0.002) although minimum HR was similar in both types of dives (39 bpm). Three divers desaturated early at depth, of which two exhibited severe hypoxia (SpO2 ≤ 65%) upon resurfacing. Additionally, four divers developed severe hypoxia after dives.

Conclusions
Despite similar dive durations, oxygen desaturation was greater during deep dives, confirming increased risk of hypoxic blackout with increased depth. In addition to the rapid drop in alveolar pressure and oxygen uptake during ascent, several other risk factors associated with deep freediving were identified, including higher swimming effort and oxygen consumption, a compromised diving response, an autonomic conflict possibly causing arrhythmias, and compromised oxygen uptake at depth by lung compression possibly leading to atelectasis or pulmonary edema in some individuals. Individuals with elevated risk could likely be identified using wearable technology.