bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensationalism and the Jew in Antebellum American Literature
Authors: Anthony David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This book examines the charged but mostly overlooked presence of the “sensational Jew” in antebellum literature. This stereotyped character appears primarily in the pulpy sensation fiction of popular writers like George Lippard, Ned Buntline (real name E. Z. C. Judson), Emerson Bennett, and others. But this figure also plays an important role in the sometimes “sensational” work of canonical writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Walt Whitman. Whatever the medium, this character, always overdetermined, does consistent cultural work. This book contends that, as the figure who embodies money and capitalism in the antebellum imagination, the sensational Jew is the character who most fully represents a felt anxiety about the increasingly unstable nature of a range of social categories in the antebellum US and the sense of loss and self-hatred so often lurking in the background of modern Gentile identity. Each chapter examines a different form of sensationalism (urban gothic; sentimental city mysteries; anti-Tom plantation narratives; etc.) and a different set of anxieties (threats to class status; collapsing regional identity; the uncertain status of Whiteness and other racial categories; etc.). Throughout, the sensational Jew acts both as a figure of “proteophobia” (fear of disorder and ambivalence), and as the figure who embodies in uncanny form a more fulfilling and socially coherent form of identity that predates the modern liberal selfhood of the post-Enlightenment world. The sensational Jew is therefore a revealing figure in antebellum culture. However, this figure is also an important antecedent to contemporary antisemitism in the US.
Our Online Emotional Selves
Authors: Nabi Robin L. , Myrick Jessica Gall 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The 21st century has seen rapid and profound technological innovations that have fundamentally changed the global media environment, which, in turn, has deeply impacted important aspects of people’s daily experiences, emotional experiences in particular. Given the centrality of emotions to human action and interaction, as well as to psychological well-being, this volume explores the effects of newer media technology experiences on our lives through the lens of emotion science. Organized around four major themes—evoking and measuring emotional response, psychological well-being, social relationships, and information engagement—this work highlights the powerful role that emotions play when people enter online spaces.
Online Inspiration
Authors: Oliver Mary Beth , Raney Arthur A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the experience of inspiration in online contexts. The chapter begins by examining the notion of inspiration itself, explaining that although this term may be used in a variety of contexts, here the use focuses on self-transcendent affect, including states such as elevation and awe. Subsequently, the chapter provides an overview of the types of online content that frequently heighten users’ feelings of inspiration, as well as the traits associated with greater exposure to self-transcendent content. The chapter then turns to an overview of scholarship that has examined the variety of prosocial outcomes associated with the experience of inspiration, including heightened altruism and stereotype reduction. Finally, a consideration of the implications of specific affordances of online technologies is presented, as well as the challenges of harnessing online inspiration for social good.
Online Hate
Authors: Walther Joseph B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Social media facilitate hate messages based on race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, and political ideology. Previous research about online hate focuses on individual differences or group identification as its basis. This chapter presents a novel prosocial explanation: Social media encourage the performance of hate online primarily for perpetrators to get attention and reinforcement from like-minded haters and only secondarily (if at all) to harass its apparent targets. It proposes that online hate is socially coordinated and performative. The comments and symbols social media afford may not only promote further hate messaging but also, when shared by viewers, reinforce and magnify posters’ prejudicial emotions and attitudes. This chapter reviews several extant theoretical constructs that identify the social basis of hate and denigration and adapts these notions to social media environments.
Online Emotional Social Support and Coping with Stress and Crises
Authors: Myrick Jessica Gall , Pavelko Rachelle L. , Cohen Olivia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
People rely on their personal networks for an abundance of resources, including emotional, social, and physical support. Digital media provide many tools for seeking and using these networks and their social benefits. Social networks are particularly useful to help enhance individual coping capabilities, and the emergence of digital media and technologies has broadened access to meaningful social support during stressful situations by creating both informal and formal spaces for interaction. This chapter first presents a conceptual overview of stress, coping, and social support before addressing the role of digital media in these processes. Additionally, several exemplar crises (e.g., natural disasters) are highlighted that reveal the utility, versatility, and challenges with online social support. Lastly, this chapter presents the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study for examining the intersection of digital media, social support, and emotion-focused coping during a time when online interactions were a vital source of connection.
Mummifying Incas
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows how seventeenth- and eighteenth-century grave-openers in the viceroyalty of Peru turned Inca and Andean ancestors into objects of global scientific study, despite failed attempts to transfer them to Europe. Inspired by the Inca chronicler Garcilaso de la Vega Inca, the Jesuit José de Acosta, and other Andean texts, foreign scholars recast the “embalmed” Inca yllapas as “mummies” like those of ancient Egypt. Everyday Andean grave-openers, however, interpreted preserved pre-Hispanic remains as “beautiful grandparents” or even Incas who had committed suicide to protest Spanish rule. Finally, Spanish and Spanish-American scholars submitted “ancient Peruvian” bodies and tombs to more “scientific” explanations, using them to defend Spanish colonialism, estimate the heights and depth of Indigenous American civilization and for the first time, measure their racialized skulls. By 1800, elites claimed to have redeemed “Inca mummies” and “ancient Peruvian” tombs as symbols of Peruvian science and sovereignty.
The Three Burials of Julio César Tello
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When the Peruvian archaeologist Julio César Tello (1880–1947) died of cancer, his body and legacy as an Indigenous intellectual entered an afterlife as complex as that of the Paracas mummy bundles he studied. This chapter shows how the Peruvian state, his students, and American colleagues buried him three times over. The first two times were literal. Despite years of financial neglect, the Peruvian state interred the “good Indian” in the country’s pantheon for statesmen and elites. A year later, however, his students fulfilled his desire to be interred in his final museum’s patio, beneath an Andean monolith yards away from the disturbed mummies that, according to his Huarochirí countrymen, may have killed him. His third, metaphorical burial was by American anthropology in the Smithsonian’s Hall of Physical of Anthropology in 1965, which appropriated his findings regarding Paracas’s Andean trepanners and repainted them as Incas at Machu Picchu.
Westward the Course of Empire
Authors: Snow Jennifer C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the U.S. expansion into the Caribbean and Pacific took Episcopalian mission along with political domination. This chapter explores the dynamics of mission in “foreign” lands that were also part of the territorial United States, with particular attention to Hawai’i and the Philippines. Episcopalian missionary practice in this context was more similar to foreign missionaries, who as small minorities within another culture’s totality tended to develop skills of translation and attitudes of respect for local ways and other cultures, languages, and religions. These practices that began to move away from total assimilationism in mission were part of a growing world Christian shift to a more morally questioning, nuanced, and self-reflective attitude toward racial, cultural, and religious difference among missionary practitioners and theorists.
Sexuality and Schism
Authors: Snow Jennifer C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century controversy over sexuality in global Anglicanism has its roots in the long history of colonialism and mission that shaped Christian disciplines of sexuality in certain ways in the Global South, and differently in the Global North. The understanding of many Episcopalians of the controversy was completely distinct from that of those on the other side. For those on both sides, what was at stake was the purpose and mission of the church. This chapter traces the development of gay and lesbian people as a “mission field” in the church and the ways in which support for their inclusion was understood as connected to the missio dei understanding of the church’s purpose, as well as the ways in which this issue was internationalized and polarized as part of an opposing missional interpretation.
Present at the Creation, 1863–1877
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores African Americans’ struggles to achieve freedom during 1863–1877. It starts with Black people signing up with Abraham Galloway to destroy the system of plantation slavery. Slavery was considered to be the foundation for politics and society for nearly 250 years, especially when slavery was a big business that shaped the economy and life of the South and North. Moreover, owning a slave was a privilege of wealth. The chapter cites how the slave uprising that turned the image of docile slaves becoming bloodthirsty beasts reinforced the notion of white supremacy. It elaborates on the conflict between the Republican Congress and President Andrew Johnson that revolved around the Radical Reconstruction.
Postwar Protest
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter cites the beginning of the modern civil rights movement after the conclusion of World War II. It highlights the determination of Black people to be heard and to create a more equal society in politics, education, the economy, and the court. However, repeated instances of white resistance continued, as racist violence occurred almost everywhere. The chapter examines President Harry Truman’s more traditional and ambivalent stance of combining rhetorical support for racial justice with almost no substantive follow-through. It elaborates on the Montgomery boycott that lasted for 381 days and Martin Luther King Jr.’s introduction as a leader of the civil rights movement. The Ku Klux Klan drove through Montgomery and attempted to splinter and intimidate the community, but Black residents of Montgomery only jeered and laughed at the Klan members.
Class Formation, Slavery, and Militarization
Authors: Johnston Melissa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 opens three pairs of twinned chapters. This chapter provides discussion of historical class formation in Timor-Leste from the establishment of Portuguese mercantilism in the 1700s until the 1990s, describing how members of the emergent liurai-dato class came to associate themselves with, and benefit from, militaristic ideas. Martial development was predicated on a form of militarized masculinity and gendered class oppression, of which slavery and conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence were key parts. Chapter 2 provides an important and original contribution to the literature on gendered slavery, as well as sexual and gender-based violence in conflict. Moving to the present, the chapter shows how the dominance of the liurai-dato class underpins and conditions state power in Timor-Leste. The liurai-dato is demarcated by and formed through kinship. In the contemporary period, its most successful members have been able to leverage high-born status into well-paid political leadership roles or government or private-sector jobs in the capital, Dili.
The Homeric Centos
Authors: Lefteratou Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Homeric Centos, a poem that is Homeric in style and biblical in theme, is a dramatic illustration of the creative cultural and religious dialogue between Classical Antiquity and Christianity taking place in the Roman Empire during the fifth century ce. The text is attributed to Eudocia, the empress and poet who died exiled in the Holy Land ca. 460. With lines drawn verbatim from Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, the poet begins with the Creation and Fall and ends with Jesus’ Resurrection and Ascension. In this blend of Homeric style andw Christian theme, there are also echoes of Classical and Classicizing literature, stretching from Homer and drama to imperial literature; equally prominent are echoes of earlier Christian verse models and theological works. This analysis focuses on the poem’s double inspiration from both classical and Christian traditions; emphasizes the prominent role of women; explores its relationship with the cultural milieu of the fifth century ce; and offers in-depth analysis of the scenes of Creation and Fall and Jesus’ Passion, Resurrection, and Ascension. This book exposes the work’s debt to centuries of Homeric reception and interpretation as well as Christian exegesis, and places it at the crossroads between Christian and pagan literary traditions.
Reweaving Eudocia’s Web
Authors: Lefteratou Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe concluding chapter “reweaves” all the Biblical and Homeric separate threads analyzed throughout the book back together into the poetic textile with which this analysis began, adding some reflections on the poem’s Sitz im Leben, the biases modern scholars faced by engaging with these works, and the challenges of future research. Far from being classroom poetry the I HC is an original classicizing poem representative of late antique reception of Homeric epics, which is different to the authority Virgil held in the Latin speaking West. Similarly, The biblical material does not aim to replace or harmonize the Bible but is a creative revision of both canonical and apocryphal texts and acquainted with the fifth-century theological debates without however taking a strong stance. The I HC do not argue that Homer preached the Gospel but reworked and interpreted the Gospel through the Homeric lens. Ultimately the I HC is a Biblical Homeric Cento, composed by Eudocia.
Religiosity and ideology in Western Europe and the United States
Authors: Navarrete Rosa M. , Cordero Guillermo , Balaguer Jaime 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyses the extent to which religiosity is correlated to ideology, how this correlation has changed over time, and what factors explain the variations of this relationship in two different contexts: Western Europe (left–right ideology) and the United States (liberal–conservative ideology). In the case of Europe, we demonstrate how in those countries where party or religious elites activate religious issues and are able to place them in the public sphere, religiosity becomes a most efficient predictor of ideology. For the United States, we examine the association between individual religiosity and ideological self-placement, providing evidence on how individual religiosity operates as a strong predictor of ideology, a relationship consistent over time which does not show signs of decline.
Italy
Authors: Biolcati Ferruccio , Segatti Paolo , Vezzoni Cristiano 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter documents three lines of historical development of the Church/State compound divide. First, it analyses the over-time unchurching of the Italians that shrunk the pool of DC voters. Secondly, it shows how this process affected dramatically the vote for DC. Finally, it indicates the extent to which the remaining core Catholics were still highly likely to vote for DC until its disappearance during the party system reshuffle in the early 1990s. The Italian case clearly shows that disruption of a cleavage is more likely to occur when the political supply changes than when the voters’ outlooks do. More recently, however, and contrariwise to the elections that took place between the late 1940s and the early 1990s, Catholics never concentrated their vote in one or other of the two coalitions which emerged as the main political actors, notwithstanding the intense conflict on moral issues which characterized some electoral campaigns.
Switzerland
Authors: Lachat Romain 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe religious cleavage has traditionally played a central role in structuring Swiss politics. Together with the class divide, it has long been one of the main lines of divisions characterizing electoral competition. Yet secularization and a process of partisan dealignment have strongly reduced the electoral relevance of that divide. This chapter analyses this transformation, by focusing on the impact of religion and religiosity on citizens’ electoral choices, in the period from 1971 to 2019. It shows how that divide, which was the strongest one in the early 1970s, was weakened by several processes: the decline of religiosity, in particular the number of devout Catholics, a blurring of the ideological differences between religious groups, as well as a decrease in the impact of religiosity on partisan preferences.
Conclusions
Authors: Segatti Paolo , Calvo Kerman , Montero José Ramón 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter sets out the main arguments raised throughout the volume, reflecting on the achievements but also imagining the main elements of a future research agenda on religion and politics. The chapter reviews the main findings of the different chapters by showing that religion and religiosity still weigh on vote choice in secularized societies of Western Europe and in the United States. It also highlights the changes from the historical patterns of association of religion with electoral politics to religious voting, by summarizing the evidence of the single country and comparative chapters. It summarizes what the main mechanisms of a religious voting are, allowing for the distinction between the party-based and the election-based modes of religious voting. While the first works through party identification and ideological distance with a party, the second operates through polarization on moral issues by parties, often reflecting processes of politicization of moral and religious issues activated in the public sphere by different political actors, ecclesiastical elites, religious leaders, and religious or secular movements.
Documentation of Australian languages
Authors: Thieberger Nicholas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrimary records of Australian Indigenous languages can provide both a kind of information and an immediacy of connection with the speakers that are not so apparent in derived analytical works. Locating primary records is often a difficult task, but digitizing can make records more accessible. Language documentation emphasises the creation of primary records together with language descriptions, and so there should be more detailed records based on linguistic research in the past generation, but that is not necessarily the case. This points to the need for greater uptake of new methods in linguistic fieldwork that will result in well-structured and well-described primary documentation of Australian languages.
Australian languages and syntactic theory
Authors: Nordlinger Rachel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch on Australian languages has made a significant impact on the development of linguistic theory over the last fifty to sixty years. This chapter provides a brief overview of the key areas in which Australian languages have featured in theoretical discussions of (morpho)syntax and syntactic theory, focussing particularly on phrase structure and nonconfigurationality, ergativity, case stacking, polysynthesis, and subordination. Other areas in which Australian language data has featured in the theoretical syntactic literature include noun incorporation, polysynthesis, complex predicates, and templatic morphology; these are also briefly surveyed. The chapter focusses on the empirical issues relating to some Australian languages and points the reader to some of the relevant literature discussing the implications for different syntactic theories.
Philological methods for Australian languages
Authors: Giacon John , Koch Harold 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor many Australian languages, the available material exists primarily in historical (written and audio) sources. For language description, comparison, and revitalization, the information in these sources needs to be interpreted. We describe ‘philological methods’, the processes required for this interpretation—which are different from the methods that can be used with languages that are currently spoken. Written sources may be restricted in their scope (e.g. mere word lists), be recorded with ambiguous spelling, either lack a grammatical analysis or use one based on inadequate models, and texts may be highly simplified and have only an approximate translation. The first task is to establish the correct phonological form of words (reconstitution or reconstruction). We discuss the possible sources of errors, provide practical steps in philological analysis—in the domains of phonology, grammar, texts—and make suggestions regarding the prospects for using the results of this philological processing for purposes of language revival.
Morphophonology
Authors: Round Erich R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe phonologies of the world’s languages vary in their static properties, such as segment inventories and phonotactics, but also in their dynamic, morphophonological alternations. The dynamic phonology of Australian languages has been significantly understudied. Here we draw on a dataset of morphophonological alternations in 118 languages. Two topics are chosen for their particular interest with respect to Australian languages: lenition and assimilation. The coverage here represents the most in-depth survey of both phenomena in Australian languages at the time of writing. For reasons of space, we cover the most common and widespread kinds of lenition processes in Australian languages: alternations in syllable onset position between stops and more sonorous oral segments or zero, in which the alternations are phonologically conditioned by the sonority of the segment on the left; and local assimilation between adjacent consonants, and between vowels in adjacent syllables.
Sound change
Authors: Alpher Barry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIncluding brief notes on the theory and nature of sound-change and with attention to evidence of phonologization, this chapter surveys sound-changes attested in the history of indigenous languages of the Australian continent, restricting coverage to languages which are classed tentatively as belonging to the (pan)Australian phylogenetic group. The aim is to present as wide a geographical coverage as feasible. General categories are consonant manners of articulation (development and split), lenition, and conflation; vowel inventories; vowel assimilation across consonants; dropping of initial consonants; consonant cluster alterations; treatment of unstressed vowels, mergers between laminal and apical consonants; consonant fortition not creating new manner series; and creation of individual sounds not previously in the inventory. Entries on particular languages are cross-referenced, where relevant, with regard to outcomes of the changes.