bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Postoperative Neck‐Shaft and Anteversion Angles on Biomechanical Outcomes in Proximal Femoral Osteotomy: An In Silico Study
Authors: Bavil Alireza Y. , Eghan‐Acquah Emmanuel , Diamond Laura E. , Barrett Rod , Bade David , Carty Christopher P. , Feih Stefanie , Saxby David J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEffective surgical planning is crucial for maximizing patient outcomes following complex orthopedic procedures such as proximal femoral osteotomy. In silico simulations can be used to assess how surgical variations in proximal femur geometry, such as femur neck‐shaft and anteversion angles, affect postoperative system mechanics. This study investigated the sensitivity of femur mechanics to postoperative neck‐shaft angles, anteversion angles, and osteotomy contact areas using patient‐specific finite element analysis informed by neuromusculoskeletal models. A sequential neuromusculoskeletal modeling and finite element analysis pipeline was used to simulate postoperative mechanics in three pediatric patients with varying demographic and anatomic features. Nine surgical configurations derived from permutations of the clinical envelope of neck‐shaft angles and anteversion angles were simulated for the stance phase of gait. The outcome mechanics assessed were peak von Mises stresses on the bone‐implant contact surfaces as well as interfragmentary movement and strain on the osteotomy location. Peak von Mises stress and interfragmentary movement and strain were on average 38% more sensitive to surgical variation in neck‐shaft angle compared to anteversion angle. A significant negative correlation was detected between contact area and interfragmentary movement (r = −0.90, p < 0.0001) and strain (r = −0.45, p = 0.017). Overall findings suggest neck‐shaft angle significantly influences postoperative femur mechanics and highlight the importance of maximizing contact area to limit interfragmentary motion and foster an optimal mechanical environment for bone healing and callus formation following proximal femoral osteotomy. Between‐patient variation in sensitivity to proximal femoral geometry reinforced the importance of patient‐specific surgical planning.
Influence of rheumatoid arthritis on peri‐implant diseases: A longitudinal retrospective clinical and radiographic evaluation
Authors: Almashni Hamzeh , Kakar Era , Nava Paolo , Wang Hom‐Lay , Saleh Muhammad H. A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the incidence of peri‐implantitis (PI) and peri‐implant mucositis (PIM).MethodsRadiographic and clinical chart reviews were conducted to measure the probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and marginal bone loss (MBL) around the implants to diagnose peri‐implant diseases based on the 2017 workshop classification. Values were recorded at the baseline (T0) to the last available chart and radiograph (T1). Maintenance compliance was evaluated. Cases were followed longitudinally to detect the incidence of PI and PIM. Various potential confounders were controlled, including the total radiographic follow‐up time, chart‐based follow‐up time, number of maintenance visits, implant dimensions, history of periodontitis, bone graft, restoration angle, emergence, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney tests evaluated categorical and continuous differences. Generalized estimating equations with a Tweedie distribution were applied. Binary logistic regression ascertained the odds ratio for binary outcomes.ResultsA total of 101 patients (50 RA and 51 non‐RA) with 124 implants were investigated. The mean follow‐up period for the implants was 5.38 ± 2.22 years. Implant survival rate was high at 96%. The RA group demonstrated a significantly higher PI (p = 0.024), while the non‐RA group showed a significantly higher PIM (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between both groups in implant survival and MBL.ConclusionCompared to the non‐RA group, RA patients demonstrated a similar incidence of MBL and implant survival rates and a significantly lower incidence of PIM; however, there was a significantly higher incidence of PI.Plain Language SummaryIn this study, we investigated the condition of dental implants in 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to 51 healthy controls over 5 years. Assessments from initial treatment to the last follow‐up visit included reviewing patient records and radiographs for signs of bleeding, probing depth, and bone loss. These measures helped diagnose peri‐implantitis (PI) and peri‐implant mucositis (PIM) based on the 2017 periodontal disease classification. The findings revealed a high implant survival rate in both groups (96%) with no significant difference in bone loss. However, the RA group showed a significantly higher incidence of PI than the healthy group that demonstrated PIM.
Real‐life retrospective multicentre study to describe the use of dupilumab in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Spain: Patient profile, effectiveness and safety
Authors: Baselga Torres Eulalia , Ivars Marta , Prat Carolina , Vicente Asunción , Feito Rodríguez Marta , Maseda Pedrero Rocío , Martín Santiago Ana , Giacaman Aniza , Torrelo Fernández Antonio , Noguera‐Morel Lucero , Betlloch Mas Isabel , de Berbegal Gracia Laura , Évole Buselli Montserrat , Pozuelo Ruiz Mónica , Bernabéu Wittel José , Monserrat García María T. , Campos Domínguez Minia , Galache Osuna Cristina , Santos‐Juanes Jiménez Jorge , Esteve Martínez Altea , Zaragoza Ninet Violeta , Casals Andreu Miquel , Palencia Pérez Sara I. , Suárez Hernández José , Dorta Alom Sara , Feliciano Divasson Laura , Batalla Cebey Ana , Galán Gutiérrez Manuel , de Lucas Laguna Raúl 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab, inhibiting interleukin 4 and 13, is the first monoclonal antibody licensed for atopic dermatitis (AD) since 6 months of age.ObjectivesThe study describes the patients' profile, the effectiveness and safety in real life of dupilumab in adolescents with moderate‐severe AD and children with severe AD.MethodsNational, multicentre, observational, and retrospective study, based on medical records' data extracted in September 2023. Patients included were adolescents (12–17 years) with moderate‐severe AD (Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI] ≥ 16) and children (6–11 years) with severe AD (EASI ≥ 21) at the start of dupilumab therapy and treated with dupilumab for at least 3 months.ResultsAmong the 211 analysed patients, at dupilumab treatment onset, 69.6% registered an Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) = 4, a median Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) = 17, and a median Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP‐NRS) = 8. Atopic comorbidities were present in 69.7% of the patients. Overall, 97.1% of the patients had received systemic treatments before dupilumab, being oral corticosteroids (75.5%) the most frequent. At 16 and 52 weeks, the mean EASI percentage reductions from baseline were −77.5% and −84.7%, respectively, and 71.8% and 82.4% of the patients achieved EASI ≤ 7. A total of 70.5% and 36.5% (16 weeks), and 78% and 48.4% (52 weeks) of the patients had EASI‐75 and EASI‐90, respectively. At week 52, 70% and 87% of the patients achieved a reduction of ≥4 PP‐NRS points and of ≥6 DLQI points, respectively. No serious dupilumab‐related adverse events were reported; 6.2% presented treatment‐related conjunctivitis and 1.4% reported eosinophilia, but without treatment discontinuation.ConclusionsThe study population had a pronounced disease burden as defined by signs, symptoms, quality of life, atopic comorbidities, and the systemic treatments' use prior dupilumab. In a short time (16 weeks), dupilumab treatment demonstrated clinically relevant improvement with an acceptable safety profile, continued over 52 weeks.
Dapagliflozin combined with metformin improves blood glucose, bone metabolism and bone mineral density in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with osteoporosis
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Wang Qian , Si Min 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with osteoporosis (OP) (T2DM‐OP) is growing. Dapagliflozin and metformin are commonly prescribed to manage glycemic levels in T2DM patients. We investigated the clinical efficacy of combining dapagliflozin with metformin in elderly patients with T2DM‐OP. Totally 144 T2DM‐OP patients were prospectively enrolled and allocated into two groups: the Metformin and Dapagliflozin + Metformin groups. Each group received treatment for 12 months. Fasting peripheral blood samples were collected before and after 12 months of treatment. Glycemic parameters and bone metabolic parameters were measured using oral glucose tolerance test, automatic biochemical analyzers, or liquid chromatography. Bone mineral density (BMD) changes at lumbar vertebrae (L1‐4), femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) were assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray bone mineral densitometry. Pain severity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). The total effective rate, fracture incidence, and adverse reaction rate were also evaluated. After 12 months, both groups showed improvements in glycemic parameters, bone metabolic parameters, and BMD at L1‐4, FN, and TH, and reductions in VAS scores. The Dapagliflozin + Metformin group exhibited more significant improvements. The overall effective rate was higher and fracture incidence, was lower in Dapagliflozin + Metformin group, with comparable rates of adverse reactions and safety profiles between the two groups. Taken together, treatment with a combination of dapagliflozin and metformin led to improvements in blood glucose levels, bone metabolism, and BMD in elderly patients with T2DM‐OP, demonstrating superior efficacy and safety compared to metformin monotherapy.
Pathway Selectivity in 2D Electronic‐Vibrational Spectroscopy with Quantum Light
Authors: Jadoun Deependra , Yadalam Hari K. , Harbola Upendra , Chernyak Vladimir Y. , Kizmann Matthias , Mukamel Shaul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPathway selectivity in quantum spectroscopy with entangled photons is a powerful spectroscopic tool. Phase‐matched signals involving classical light contain contributions from multiple material pathways, whereas quantum spectroscopy may allow the selection of individual pathways. 2D electronic‐vibrational spectroscopy (2DEVS) is a four‐wave mixing technique which employs visible and infrared entangled photons. It is showed how the three contributing pathways—ground state bleach, excited state absorption, and excited state emission—can be separated by photon‐number‐resolved coincidence measurements. Entangled photons thus reveal spectral features not visible in the classical signal, with an enhanced spectral resolution.
Synthesis and Irreversible Pressure‐Induced Emission Enhancement of Ultrathin Lead‐Free 2D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite (i‐OA)3BiBr6 Nanosheets at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xu Fei , Gao Xiuyan , You Zhaojiang , Gao Yongsheng , Ma Duanqi , Xia Bin , Wang Dehua , Zhang Shufang , Wang Kai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract2D bismuth‐based perovskites have attention as a potentially transformative technology in optoelectronics due to their exceptional non‐toxic and environmentally friendly properties. However, their practical applications are hindered by the low luminous efficiency caused by self‐trapped excitons (STEs) under normal environmental conditions. Here, a new composition of lead‐free ultrathin 2D perovskite nanosheet iso‐octylamine bismuth bromide [(i‐OA)3BiBr6] is synthesized, with thicknesses down to 1.1 nm, using a solution‐based method and explored their stability. Notably, the behavior of STEs in these ultrathin nanosheets can be modulated through a pressure treatment strategy. After completely releasing the pressure, an optimal lattice distortion is stabilized, resulting in an 80‐fold increase in irreversible pressure‐induced emission. This finding highlights the critical roles of steric hindrance and hydrogen bonding cooperativity effects in the organic cationic layers, along with OA ligand passivation, in enhancing STE radiation recombination under ambient conditions. This advancement opens new possibilities for creating stable, bright STEs under ambient conditions, thus facilitating its potential applications in the fields of pressure sensing, display, and energy savings.
Simultaneous Toughening and Strengthening of Ductile Polymer by Rigid Polymeric Fillers: The Role of Interfacial Entanglement
Authors: Zhu Zichun , Hou Xunan , Liu Yongchao , Niu Xiang , Wang Hao , Niu Deyu , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Xu Ruijie , He Chaobin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe modification of thermoplastic polymers is frequently impeded by the inherent contradiction between their toughness and strength. In this study, an effective strategy to significantly improve the mechanical properties of ductile polymers by simply adding a complimentary rigid polymer is introduced. This work uses a semi‐crystalline polymer aliphatic polyketone (POK) as the matrix material and a small quantity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the rigid polymer, through establishing molecular chain entanglements at the interface to produce POK/PMMA blends with exceptional mechanical property. The experimental study shows that PMMA as a small island phase is homogeneously dispersed in the POK matrix, while the interfacial adhesion between the POK matrix and PMMA island is enhanced by the high‐density molecular chain entanglement between PMMA and the POK matrix. The strong entanglements and high concentration of PMMA domains promote uniform crazes and overall shear yielding. As a result, the POK/PMMA blend exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with notched impact strength, elongation at break, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, of 20 kJ m−2, 326%, 60 and 2185 MPa, respectively. A universal approach is further suggested for enhancing the toughness and strength of ductile polymers using a complimentary rigid polymer.
Enhanced Efficiency and Light Stability of Conventional Organic Solar Cells with a p‐Type Polymeric Thin Layer on PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Wang Xinkang , Chen Mingqing , Dou Peng , Zhang Lianjie , Bai Qingqing , Xie Xianglun , Ma Dongge , Chen Junwu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSimultaneous improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability is very important for organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, oligothiophene‐based polymer W19 with excellent solvent resistance is exploited as a polymer thin layer to optimize the active layer morphology and then device efficiency and stability. Polymer W19 possesses a simple skeleton of trifluromethyl‐substituted dithienoquinoxaline and quaterthiophene, whose thin layer shows suitable energy level, low surface energy, and strong interchain aggregation, leading to outstanding solvent resistance and excellent hole transport ability. Optimized vertical separation alleviates trap state density and energy loss, improves hole transfer dynamics, and balances the charge transport, thus maximizing open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, and fill factor simultaneously. A high PCE of 19.70% is achieved for the W19 treated devices. Noticeably, OSCs treated with W19 retained 87% of its initial PCE after continuous illumination for 800 h, which is higher than that of 74% of the control. Large area devices of 1 and 4 cm2 can achieve high efficiencies of 17.36% and 14.46%, respectively. This work highlights that the polymer thin layer W19 with the ability of strong solvent resistance has the great potential to further improve the efficiency and photostability of OSCs.
Review of current progress on additive manufacturing of medical implants and natural/synthetic fibre reinforced composites
Authors: Nsanzumuhire C. , Daramola O. O. , Oladele I. O. , Akinwekomi A. D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdditive manufacturing, or 3D printing technique, is a technology that uses computerized information to generate three‐dimensional solid objects. These objects are produced by feed‐stocking and fusing materials layer by layer. Compared to conventional manufacturing, additive manufacturing can make geometrical shapes that are very complex within a short time with less material wastage. Remarkable applications of manufacturing technology are found in automobile, aerospace, medicine, and natural/synthetic fibre‐reinforced composites. Manufactured parts are fabricated using metals, ceramics, and mainly polymers or composites. Advancements in research have recently been implemented to optimize the process. This review focuses on the research progress on current methods applied to optimize 3D printed biopolymer medical implants and natural/synthetic fibre‐reinforced composites. The objective of this article is to review new opportunities to produce multifunctional materials and suggest solutions to solve persisting challenges in additive manufacturing of medical implants using natural/synthetic fiber reinforced composites. The influence of process parameters on output performance measures, as well as the modelling and simulation techniques applied, are critically established in this paper. Current 3D printing processes and technologies, including the status and future of additive manufacturing, are also critically presented. Finally, challenges and research opportunities for improved high‐performing and less costly printed parts are also illustrated.
A Constitutive Model for Anisotropic Sand Considering Fabric Evolution Under Proportional and Non‐Proportional Loadings
Authors: Liao Dong , Zhou Chao , Yang Zhongxuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA critical state plasticity model is proposed to describe the anisotropic sand behaviour under both proportional and non‐proportional loading conditions. An evolving fabric tensor is introduced into the model to reflect the influence of fabric anisotropy on the stress‐strain relation of sand. By employing a fabric‐dependent plastic flow direction, the non‐coaxial response can be simulated in a simple way. A non‐proportional loading mechanism is incorporated to consider the plastic deformation induced by the stress increment tangential to the yield surface. The influence of accumulative plastic strain on the dilatancy function and plastic modulus is properly considered, enabling the model to reasonably capture the evolutions of volumetric and deviatoric strains under both drained and undrained principal stress axes rotation. The model was validated based on the simulations of experimental results for monotonic loading and pure principal stress axes rotation tests covering a wide range of conditions.
Oviposition‐deterrent activity of p‐methyl benzaldehyde and 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde from the extract of Periplocae cortex for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Xu Min , Lu Chenyan , Wan Peng , Yin Haichen , Wang Ling , Liang Gemei , Chen Lizhen , Xu Dong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda into China has caused serious losses to the food industry and has developed varying degrees of resistance to various chemical pesticides. Developing new plant‐based pesticides is of great significance for the sustainable management of S. frugiperda.RESULTSp‐Methyl benzaldehyde, 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde and 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde elicited strong electroantennogram (EAG) reactions from S. frugiperda adults. In particular, 14.4 mg/mL p‐methyl benzaldehyde produced the strongest EAG reaction. At this concentration, olfactory selection results showed significant repellent activity against adults, while 0.09 mg/mL had significant attractant activity against males. 2‐Hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde had significant attractive effects at 2.40, 7.20, 14.40 mg/mL. However, 0.80 and 14.4 mg/mL showed significant repellent effects on oviposition selection after treatment with p‐methyl benzaldehyde, while 0.09 mg/mL showed significant attractant activity, with an oviposition index of 0.48 ± 0.12. Three treatments of 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde showed significant repellent activity against the oviposition selection. In addition, exposure to these two substances could significantly inhibit the number of spermatophores and eggs laid by a single female.CONCLUSIONp‐Methyl benzaldehyde and 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde in the secondary metabolites of the Chinese medicinal herb Periplocae cortex have obvious regulatory effects on the olfactory behavior and oviposition selection of Spodoptera frugiperda and significantly inhibit fertility. This result is helpful to understand the relationship between non‐host plant secondary metabolites and insects, lay the foundation for new active substances as insect behavior regulators. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combining Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up: An Open Microfluidic Microtumor Model for Investigating Tumor Cell‐ECM Interaction and Anti‐Metastasis
Authors: Li Chao , Li Jiayi , Argall‐Knapp Zach , Hendrikse Nathan W. , Farooqui Mehtab A. , Raykowski Bella , King Anna , Nong Serratt , Liu Yingguang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUsing a combined top‐down (i.e., operator‐directed) and bottom‐up (i.e., cell‐directed) strategy, an Under‐oil Open Microfluidic System (UOMS)‐based microtumor model is presented for investigating tumor cell migration and anti‐metastasis drug test. Compared to the mainstream closed microfluidics‐based microtumor models, the UOMS microtumor model features: i) micrometer‐scale lateral resolution of surface patterning with open microfluidic design for flexible spatiotemporal sample manipulation (i.e., top‐down); ii) self‐organized extracellular matrix (ECM) structures and tumor cell‐ECM spontaneous remodeling (i.e., bottom‐up); and iii) free physical access to the samples on a device with minimized system disturbance. The UOMS microtumor model – allowing a controlled but also self‐organized, cell‐directed tumor‐ECM microenvironment in an open microfluidic configuration – is used to test an anti‐metastasis drug (incyclinide, aka CMT‐3) with a triple‐negative breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231). The in vitro results show a suppression of tumor cell migration and ECM remodeling echoing the in vivo mice metastasis results.
High Gain, Low Voltage Solar‐Blind Deep UV Photodetector Based on Ga2O3/(AlxGa1‐x)2O3/GaN nBp Heterojunction
Authors: Wang Yuefei , Fu Shihao , Han Yurui , Gao Chong , Fu Rongpeng , Wu Zhe , Cui Weizhe , Li Bingsheng , Shen Aidong , Liu Yichun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study an (AlxGa1‐x)2O3 barrier layer is inserted between β‐Ga2O3 and GaN in a p‐GaN/n‐Ga2O3 diode photodetector, causing the dark current to decrease considerably, and device performance to improve significantly. The β‐Ga2O3/β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3/GaN n‐type/Barrier/p‐type photodetector achieves a photocurrent gain of 1246, responsivity of 237 A W−1, and specific detectivity of 5.23 × 1015 cm Hz1/2 W−1 under a bias of −20 V. With the irradiation of 250 nm solar‐blind ultraviolet light, the photocurrent exhibits a dramatic nonlinear increase beyond a bias of ≈−4 V, attributed to interband electron tunneling. The onset of interband tunneling at a relatively low bias is due to the strong internal electric field formed by self‐trapped holes (STHs) in Ga2O3. This study also proposes an effective way to suppress persistent photoconductivity and significantly increase the device operation speed in photodetectors fabricated from Ga2O3 through the light‐induced neutralization of STHs.