bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Distinguish Feigned from Genuine Depressive Symptoms: Response Patterns and Content Analysis of the SIMS Affective Disorder Scale
Authors: Ricci Eleonora , Colasanti Marco , Monaro Merylin , Mazza Cristina , Cardinale Alessandra , Bosco Francesca , Mazzoni Giuliana , Arnaud Clelia Rossi , Ferracuti Stefano , Di Domenico Alberto , Roma Paolo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn civil and forensic evaluations of psychological damage, depression is one of the most commonly identified disorders, and also one of the most frequently feigned. Thus, practitioners are often confronted with situations in which they must assess whether the symptomatology presented by a patient is genuine or being feigned for secondary gains. While effective, traditional feigning detection instruments generate a high number of false positives—especially among patients presenting with severe symptomatology. The current study aimed at equipping forensic specialists with an empirical decision-making strategy for evaluating patient credibility on the basis of test results. In total, 315 participants were administered the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and SIMS Affective Disorders (SIMS AF) scales. Response patterns across the experimental groups (i.e., Honest, Simulators, Honest with Depressive Symptoms) were analyzed. A machine learning decision tree model (i.e., J48), considering performance on both measures, was built to effectively distinguish Honest with Depressive Symptoms subjects from Simulators. A forward logistic regression model was run to determine which SIMS AF items best identified Simulators, in comparison with Honest with Depressive Symptoms subjects. The results showed that the combination of feigning detection instruments and clinical tests generated incremental specificity, thereby reducing the risk of misclassifying Honest with Depressive Symptoms subjects as feigners. Furthermore, the performance analysis of SIMS AF items showed that Simulators were more likely to endorse three specific items. Thus, computational models may provide effective support to forensic practitioners, who must make complex decisions on the basis of multiple elements. Future research should revise the content of SIMS AF items to achieve better accuracy in the discrimination between feigners and honest subjects with depressive symptoms.
Laboratory and clinical management capacity for invasive fungal infections: the Italian landscape
Authors: Vena Antonio , Bassetti Matteo , Mezzogori Laura , Marchesi Francesco , Hoenigl Martin , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Corcione Silvia , Bartoletti Michele , Stemler Jannik , Pagano Livio , Cornely Oliver A. , Salmanton-García Jon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
We assessed the laboratory diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in Italy to detect limitations and potential for improvement.

Methods
The survey was available online at www.clinicalsurveys.net/uc/IFI management capacity/, and collected variables such as (a) institution profile, (b) perceptions of IFD in the respective institution, (c) microscopy, (d) culture and fungal identification, (e) serology, (f) antigen detection, (g) molecular tests, (h) susceptibility testing and (i) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Results
The laboratory capacity study received responses from 49 Italian centres, with an equitable geographical distribution of locations. The majority of respondents (n = 36, 73%) assessed the occurrence of IFD as moderate-high, with Aspergillus spp. being the pathogen of highest concern, followed by Candida spp. and Mucorales. Although 46 (94%) of the institutions had access to microscopy, less than half of them performed direct microscopy on clinical specimens always when IFD was suspected. Cultures were available in all assessed laboratories, while molecular testing and serology were available in 41 (83%), each. Antigen detection tests and antifungal drugs were also generally accessible (> 90%) among the participating institutions. Nevertheless, access to TDM was limited (n = 31, 63%), with a significant association established between therapeutic drug monitoring availability and higher gross domestic product per capita.

Conclusions
Apart from TDM, Italy is adequately prepared for the diagnosis and treatment of IFD, with no significant disparities depending on gross domestic product. Future efforts may need to focus on enhancing the availability and application of direct microscopic methods, as well as TDM, to promote optimal treatment and better patient outcomes.
Behavioral Risk Preferences and Dividend Changes: Exploring the Linkages with Prospect Theory Through Empirical Analysis
Authors: Hasan Fakhrul , Kayani Umar Nawaz , Choudhury Tonmoy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this research paper we used prospect theory (PT) to analysis the association between risk and dividend changes. We used global index (24 countries index data) data from 2000 to 2021. To improve PT, we suggest a novel alternative to the traditional reference point. Reference was established by tracking dividend growth or declines across sectors. The assumption is that before the end of the period, all the firms’ industrial dividend changes have to be known. In this research we calculated our reference point separately for individual years because the mean of industry dividend changes in the previous year. We utilised GMM estimation for the robustness test and split our sample up by business size, and we used 3 empirical methods (pooled regression, industry regression, and cross-sectional regressions analysis). Using the aforementioned empirical methods, we determined that dividend fluctuations are significantly correlated with a decrease in a company's risk. These findings imply that companies whose dividend changes are more than (less than) their benchmark will take on more (less) risk.
Psychometric properties of Turkish Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory in a clinical adolescent sample
Authors: Turan Bahadir , Yıldırım Selman , Bilginer Samiye Çilem , Akıncı Mehmet Akif 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Orthorexic tendencies are increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents. This study set out to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) in a clinical adolescent sample.

Methods
266 adolescents aged 12–18 years, who applied to the Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry were included in the study. Participants completed sociodemographic data form, ONI, Eating Attitude Test, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version and ORTO-15.

Results
The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the ONI reached 0.92, indicating very good internal consistency. Total factor scores and Cronbach alpha values for behaviors, impairments, and emotions were found to be 0.84, 0.84, and 0.83, respectively. The CFA performed supported the three-factor structure of the ONI obtained in the first sample. The minimum discrepancy per degree of freedom = 1.89 and the model generally fit well to the structure (RMSEA = 0.058, SRMR = 0.033, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91).

Discussion
This study has shown that the Turkish version of the ONI is a valid and reliable scale for specifying the tendency for Orthorexia Nervosa in a Turkish adolescent population. These findings contribute in several ways to our understanding of orthorexic tendencies and provide a basis for more concrete research data that can be obtained by using the ONI, which is a reliable scale in studies to be conducted among adolescents.

Level of evidence
Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
Flexible Modelling of Diel and Other Periodic Variation in Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Feldmann Carlina C. , Mews Sina , Coculla Angelica , Stanewsky Ralf , Langrock Roland 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnimal behaviour is often characterised by periodic patterns such as seasonality or diel variation. Such periodic variation can be comprehensively studied from the increasingly detailed ecological time series that are nowadays collected, e.g. using GPS tracking. Within the class of hidden Markov models (HMMs), which is a popular tool for modelling time series driven by underlying behavioural modes, periodic variation is commonly modelled by including trigonometric functions in the linear predictors for the state transition probabilities. This parametric modelling can be too inflexible to capture complex periodic patterns, e.g. featuring multiple activity peaks per day. Here, we explore an alternative approach using penalised splines to model periodic variation in the state-switching dynamics of HMMs. The challenge of estimating the corresponding complex models is substantially reduced by the expectation–maximisation algorithm, which allows us to make use of the existing machinery (and software) for nonparametric regression. The practicality and potential usefulness of our approach is demonstrated in two real-data applications, modelling the movements of African elephants and of common fruit flies.
Mobility, Lineage, and Land Tenure: Interpreting House Groups at Early Agricultural Settlements in the Tucson Basin, Southern Arizona
Authors: Gruner Erina P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring the Early Agricultural period (2100 BC–AD 50), preceramic farmers in the Sonoran Desert invested considerable labor in canal-irrigated field systems while remaining very residentially mobile. The degree to which they exercised formal systems of land tenure, or organized their communities above the household level, remains contested. This article discusses the spatial and social organization of Early Cienega–phase settlements in the Los Pozos site group, an Early Agricultural site complex located along the Santa Cruz River in southern Arizona. At Los Pozos, the formal spatial organization of seasonal farmsteads suggests that despite continued residential mobility, multihousehold lineages maintained distinct territories. Enduring “house groups”—likely lineal groups—are associated with disproportionately large cemeteries, suggesting the revisitation of ancestral territory through occupational hiatuses. However, variability in the formality and permanence of Early Cienega–phase settlements throughout the region indicates a flexible continuum of occupational mobility. These higher-order affiliations were only expressed in persistent settlements near highly productive farmland, where the relative priority of households over improved land might be contested.
How equestrians conceptualise horse welfare: Does it facilitate or hinder change?
Authors: Luke Karen L , Rawluk Andrea , McAdie Tina , Smith Bradley P , Warren-Smith Amanda K 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMore than ever the welfare of horses in equestrian sport is in the spotlight. In response to this scrutiny, one peak body, the Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) has created an Equine Ethics and Wellbeing Commission to protect their sport’s longevity. However, for welfare-based strategies to be successful, the conceptualisation of horse welfare must align across various stakeholders, including the general public. The value-laden nature of welfare makes agreement on its definition, even among scientists, difficult. Given little is known about how equestrians conceptualise horse welfare, we interviewed 19 Australian amateur equestrians using a semi-structured format. Systems thinking and the Five Domains Model provided the theoretical framework and informed our methods. Using reflexive thematic analysis, three themes were identified: (1) good horse welfare is tangible; (2) owners misinterpret unwanted horse behaviour; and (3) equestrians publicly minimise horse welfare issues but are privately concerned. Our results highlight participants’ conceptualisations of horse welfare do not align with the Five Domains Model; participants’ ideal of prioritising horse welfare does not align with their practice; and there is inconsistency between what participants share publicly and what they think privately about horse welfare. These findings can inform the development of programmes to improve ridden horse welfare throughout the horse industry. As a starting point, programmes that provide a safe space for equestrians to explore their private horse welfare concerns, and programmes that build a partnership mindset to facilitate knowledge exchange between all stakeholders are needed.
A spectral refinement of the Bergelson–Host–Kra decomposition and new multiple ergodic theorems – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: MOREIRA JOEL , RICHTER FLORIAN K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis is a corrigendum to the paper ‘A spectral refinement of the Bergelson–Host–Kra decomposition and new multiple ergodic theorems’ [3]. Theorem 7.1 in that paper is incorrect as stated, and the error originates with Proposition 7.5, part (iii), which was incorrectly quoted from a paper by Bergelson, Host, and Kra [1]. Consequently, this invalidates the proof of Theorem 4.2, which was used in the proofs of the main results in [3]. In this corrigendum we fix the problem by establishing a slightly weaker version of Theorem 7.1 (see §2 below) and use it to give a new proof of Theorem 4.2 (see §3 below). This ensures that all main results in [3] remain correct. We thank Zhengxing Lian and Jiahao Qiu for bringing this mistake to our attention.
State-Specific Barriers to Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Russoniello Kellen , Harrington Cailin , Beydoun Sarah , Borrego Lucrece 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOpioid agonist treatment, including methadone, is the safest and most effective method for treating opioid use disorders and reduces opioid overdose deaths. While access to methadone is highly regulated by federal law, a substantial portion of states impose stricter barriers.
Improving precision through design and analysis in experiments with noncompliance
Authors: Hartman Erin , Huang Melody 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEven in the best-designed experiment, noncompliance can complicate analysis. While the intent-to-treat effect remains identified, randomization alone no longer identifies the complier average causal effect (CACE). Instrumental variables approaches, which rely on the exclusion restriction, can suffer from high variance, particularly when the experiment has a low compliance rate. We provide a framework which broadens the set of design and analysis techniques political science researchers can use when addressing noncompliance. Building on the growing literature about the advantages of ex-ante design decisions to improve precision, we show blocking on variables related to both compliance and the outcome can greatly improve all the estimators we propose. Drawing on work in statistics, we introduce the principal ignorability assumption and a class of principal score weighting estimators, which can exhibit large gains in precision in low compliance settings. We then combine principal ignorability and blocking with a simple estimation strategy to derive a more efficient estimation strategy for the CACE. In a re-evaluation of a study on the effect of GOTV on turnout, we find that the principal ignorability approaches result in confidence intervals roughly half the size of traditional instrumental variable approaches.
Alsace in Algeria and the Notion of ‘Failure’ in Settler Political Culture, c. 1870–1960
Authors: Ofrath Avner 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article explores a key trope in the history of French colonial Algeria: the idea of the colony as a failure. The focus is on the resettlement of Alsatians and Lorrainers in Algeria in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War. What started as a wave of nationalist elan that sought to rebuild the lost provinces in France’s largest colony soon became the object of criticism and controversy, depicted by contemporaries from early on as failure. While this perceived failure was itself a colonial category – the failure to recruit settlers, expulse Algerians, and seize land – it tells us a great deal about the political culture of the colony. How was this resettlement project conceived? What visions of colonization and colonial settlement were projected upon it? And what mechanisms of coercion, dispossession, and violence did different colonial players seek to deploy? Through these questions, this article seeks to demonstrate that the verdict of ‘failure’ by settlers and lobbyists did not emerge in hindsight but was rather the product of the inherent tension between the sheer force that was necessary to seize the land and the metropolitan attempt to establish in the colony a form of unequal yet standardized civilian governance.
Gastrointestinal parasites in captive olive baboons in a UK safari park
Authors: Juhasz Alexandra , Spiers Elly , Tinsley Ellie , Chapman Emma , Shaw William , Head Marion , Cunningham Lucas J. , Archer John , Jones Sam , Haines Lee R. , Davies Walsh Naomi , Johnson Bridget , Quayle Jen , Jones Jayne , LaCourse Elwyn James , Cracknell Jonathan , Stothard John Russell 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFrom the safety inside vehicles, Knowsley Safari offers visitors a close-up encounter with captive olive baboons. As exiting vehicles may be contaminated with baboon stool, a comprehensive coprological inspection was conducted to address public health concerns. Baboon stools were obtained from vehicles, and sleeping areas, inclusive of video analysis of baboon–vehicle interactions. A purposely selected 4-day sampling period enabled comparative inspections of 2662 vehicles, with a total of 669 baboon stools examined (371 from vehicles and 298 from sleeping areas). As informed by our pilot study, front-line diagnostic methods were: QUIK-CHEK rapid diagnostic test (RDT) (Giardia and Cryptosporidium), Kato–Katz coproscopy (Trichuris) and charcoal culture (Strongyloides). Some 13.9% of vehicles were contaminated with baboon stool. Prevalence of giardiasis was 37.4% while cryptosporidiosis was <0.01%, however, an absence of faecal cysts by quality control coproscopy, alongside lower than the expected levels of Giardia-specific DNA, judged RDT results as misleading, grossly overestimating prevalence. Prevalence of trichuriasis was 48.0% and strongyloidiasis was 13.7%, a first report of Strongyloides fuelleborni in UK. We advise regular blanket administration(s) of anthelminthics to the colony, exploring pour-on formulations, thereafter, smaller-scale indicator surveys would be adequate.
Mindfulness training and exercise differentially impact fear extinction neurocircuitry
Authors: Leibovitz Shaked E. , Sevinc Gunes , Greenberg Jonathan , Hölzel Britta , Gard Tim , Calahan Thomas , Vangel Mark , Orr Scott P. , Milad Mohammed R. , Lazar Sara W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to extinguish a maladaptive conditioned fear response is crucial for healthy emotional processing and resiliency to aversive experiences. Therefore, enhancing fear extinction learning has immense potential emotional and health benefits. Mindfulness training enhances both fear conditioning and recall of extinguished fear; however, its effects on fear extinction learning are unknown. Here we investigated the impact of mindfulness training on brain mechanisms associated with fear-extinction learning, compared to an exercise-based program.MethodsWe investigated BOLD activations in response to a previously learned fear-inducing cue during an extinction paradigm, before and after an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR, n = 49) or exercise-based stress management education program (n = 27).ResultsThe groups exhibited similar reductions in stress, but the MBSR group was uniquely associated with enhanced activation of salience network nodes and increased hippocampal engagement.ConclusionsOur results suggest that mindfulness training increases attention to anticipatory aversive stimuli, which in turn facilitates decreased aversive subjective responses and enhanced reappraisal of the memory.
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Ireland: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Byrne Lisa , Douglas Amy , Launders Naomi , Godbole Gauri , Lynn Richard , Inward Carol , Jenkins Claire 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) caused by infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a relatively rare but potentially fatal multisystem syndrome clinically characterised by acute kidney injury. This study aimed to provide robust estimates of paediatric HUS incidence in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland by using data linkage and case reconciliation with existing surveillance systems, and to describe the characteristics of the condition. Between 2011 and 2014, 288 HUS patients were included in the study, of which 256 (89.5%) were diagnosed as typical HUS. The crude incidence of paediatric typical HUS was 0.78 per 100,000 person-years, although this varied by country, age, gender, and ethnicity. The majority of typical HUS cases were 1 to 4 years old (53.7%) and female (54.0%). Clinical symptoms included diarrhoea (96.5%) and/or bloody diarrhoea (71.9%), abdominal pain (68.4%), and fever (41.4%). Where STEC was isolated (59.3%), 92.8% of strains were STEC O157 and 7.2% were STEC O26. Comparison of the HUS case ascertainment to existing STEC surveillance data indicated an additional 166 HUS cases were captured during this study, highlighting the limitations of the current surveillance system for STEC for monitoring the clinical burden of STEC and capturing HUS cases.
Health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices: evidence from human subject intervention studies
Authors: Rossi Irene , Mignogna Cristiana , Del Rio Daniele , Mena Pedro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices (FVJ) represent a controversial topic. FVJ contain notable amounts of free sugars, but also vitamins, minerals, and secondary compounds with proven biological activities like (poly)phenols and carotenoids. The review aimed to shed light on the potential impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health, comprehensively assessing the role each type of juice may have in specific health outcomes for a particular target population, as reported in dietary interventions. The effects of a wide range of FVJ (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, lemon, apple, white, red, and Concord grapes, pomegranate, cranberry, chokeberry, blueberry, other minor berries, sweet and tart cherry, plum, tomato, carrot, beetroot, and watermelon, among others) were evaluated on a series of outcomes (anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure and vascular function, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, cognitive function, exercise performance, gut microbiota composition and bacterial infections), providing a thorough picture of the contribution of each FVJ to a health outcome. Some juices demonstrated their ability to exert potential preventive effects on some outcomes while others on other health outcomes, emphasising how the differential composition in bioactive compounds defines juice effects. Research gaps and future prospects were discussed. Although 100% FVJ appear to have beneficial effects on some cardiometabolic health outcomes, cognition and exercise performance, or neutral effects on anthropometric parameters and body composition, further efforts are needed to better understand the impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health.