bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the relationship between phreatic level and water quality: a case study of city in northwest China
Authors: Liu Yixin , Li Weiqing , Qian Hui , Li Siqi , Gao Yanyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Phreatic is an important water resource for human survival and development. With the process of urbanization, diving in many areas has been polluted to varying degrees. In order to find out the existing relationship between phreatic level and water quality, in this study, 53 Wells in the main urban area of Xi’an in 2017 were selected to map and analyze the submersible water level, and the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to evaluate the submersible water quality. The results show that the change of phreatic level is closely related to the fluctuation of terrain. The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can well reflect the phreatic quality in the study area, and it is universal. There is a linear relationship between phreatic level and water quality. Due to the flow in phreatic water, the polluted phreatic in the upstream will pollute it in the downstream. This is also the reason why the water quality along the Weihe River is poor. This study has positive significance for the good development of phreatic protection and the construction of human life in the study area.
Fabrication of microfluidic paper-based channels by inkjet printing process for analytical applications
Authors: Le Ngan Nguyen , Dinh Duc Minh Trinh , Lam Phuong Hong , Le Anh Van Thi , Le Mai Thi , Pham Minh Duc , Thi Dang Dung My , Dang Chien Mau 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based channels play an important role in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). There are some fabrication methods which could be utilised to fabricate microfluidic channels on paper substrate. Among these methods, inkjet printing process is considered as a promising fabrication method with many advantages such as low-cost, material saving, high precision, etc. The aim of this work is to apply inkjet printing technology to fabricate paper channels of μPADs. A new design of μPAD was proposed in this paper to demonstrate how to fabricate inkjet-printed hydrophobic lines to make paper-based biosensor. Biological target of our μPADs is human chOrionic gonadotropin (hCG). Colorimetric signals from μPADs were captured by digital camera and measured by ImageJ software, which showed that these μPADs can determine hCG in the range from 1,000 to 10,000 ng ml−1. These results showed that piezoelectric inkjet printing technology can fabricate 250 μm-width hydrophobic lines on paper substrate, helping in fabricating μPADs in next applications.
Detection of hydrogen peroxide vapor using flexible gas sensor based on SnO2 nanoparticles decorated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Aleksanyan Mikayel , Sayunts Artak , Shahkhatuni Gevorg , Simonyan Zarine , Aroutiounian Vladimir , Khachatryan Emma 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, a high-sensitive flexible sensor based on the SnO2 nanoparticles decorated with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was fabricated by a simple and cost-effective centrifugation method for hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) detection. Morphological, composition, structural, and HPV sensing studies of the film were thoroughly conducted. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of MWCNTs in the SnO2 material and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) elementary analysis determined the actual concentration of carbon elements (24.47 wt%) in the SnO2:MWCNTs material with pronounced peaks of C, O, and Sn. Elemental mapping analysis showed the nearly homogeneous distribution of the elements while x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the diffraction peaks of tin oxide and carbon. The HPV sensing behaviour of the flexible SnO2:MWCNTs sensor was investigated in the temperature range of 25 °C–150 °C towards 1.5–56 ppm HPV under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The flexible sensor had a fairly high response (44) to 1.5 ppm of HPV concentration at room temperature (RT). The fabricated SnO2:MWCNTs based sensor was capable of detecting extremely low concentrations of HPV, thus being a potential candidate for use in real environments.
Methodologies in Mitochondrial Testing: Diagnosing a Primary Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Disorder
Authors: Gill Emily L , Wang Jing , Viaene Angela N , Master Stephen R , Ganetzky Rebecca D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Mitochondria are cytosolic organelles within most eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria generate the majority of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) lead to defects in OxPhos and physiological malfunctions (Nat Rev Dis Primer 2016;2:16080.). Patients with primary mitochondrial disorders (PMD) experience heterogeneous symptoms, typically in multiple organ systems, depending on the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. Because of this heterogeneity, clinical diagnosis is challenging (Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2017;18:257–75.). Laboratory diagnosis of mitochondrial disease depends on a multipronged analysis that can include biochemical, histopathologic, and genetic testing. Each of these modalities has complementary strengths and limitations in diagnostic utility.

Content
The primary focus of this review is on diagnosis and testing strategies for primary mitochondrial diseases. We review tissue samples utilized for testing, metabolic signatures, histologic findings, and molecular testing approaches. We conclude with future perspectives on mitochondrial testing.

Summary
This review offers an overview of the current biochemical, histologic, and genetic approaches available for mitochondrial testing. For each we review their diagnostic utility including complementary strengths and weaknesses. We identify gaps in current testing and possible future avenues for test development.
Semi-automatic translation of medicine usage data (in Dutch, free-text) from Lifelines COVID-19 questionnaires to ATC codes
Authors: Kellmann Alexander J , Lanting Pauline , Franke Lude , van Enckevort Esther J , Swertz Morris A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The mapping of human-entered data to codified data formats that can be analysed is a common problem across medical research and health care. To identify risk and protective factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) susceptibility and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, frequent questionnaires were sent out to participants of the Lifelines Cohort Study starting 30 March 2020. Because specific drugs were suspected COVID-19 risk factors, the questionnaires contained multiple-choice questions about commonly used drugs and open-ended questions to capture all other drugs used. To classify and evaluate the effects of those drugs and group participants taking similar drugs, the free-text answers needed to be translated into standard Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes. This translation includes handling misspelt drug names, brand names, comments or multiple drugs listed in one line that would prevent a computer from finding these terms in a simple lookup table. In the past, the translation of free-text responses to ATC codes was time-intensive manual labour for experts. To reduce the amount of manual curation required, we developed a method for the semi-automated recoding of the free-text questionnaire responses into ATC codes suitable for further analysis. For this purpose, we built an ontology containing the Dutch drug names linked to their respective ATC code(s). In addition, we designed a semi-automated process that builds upon the Molgenis method SORTA to map the responses to ATC codes. This method can be applied to support the encoding of free-text responses to facilitate the evaluation, categorization and filtering of free-text responses. Our semi-automatic approach to coding of drugs using SORTA turned out to be more than two times faster than current manual approaches to performing this activity.
Database URL https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baad019
Thiopurines Have Longer Treatment Durability than Methotrexate in Adults and Children with Crohn’s Disease: A Nationwide Analysis from the epi-IIRN Cohort
Authors: Atia Ohad , Friss Chagit , Ledderman Natan , Greenfeld Shira , Kariv Revital , Daher Saleh , Yanai Henit , Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Matz Eran , Dotan Iris , Turner Dan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Thiopurines and methotrexate have long been used to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease [CD]. In this nationwide study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of these drugs in CD.

Methods
We used data from the epi-IIRN cohort, including all patients with CD diagnosed in Israel. Outcomes were compared by propensity-score matching and included therapeutic failure, hospitalisations, surgeries, steroid dependency, and adverse events.

Results
Of the 19264 patients diagnosed with CD since 2005, 3885 [20%] ever received thiopurines as monotherapy and 553 [2.9%] received methotrexate. Whereas the use of thiopurines declined from 22% in 2012–2015 to 12% in 2017–2020, the use of methotrexate remained stable. The probability of sustaining therapy at 1, 3, and 5 years was 64%, 51%, and 44% for thiopurines and 56%, 30%, and 23% for methotrexate, respectively [p &lt;0.001]. Propensity-score matching, including 303 patients [202 with thiopurines, 101 with methotrexate], demonstrated a higher rate of 5-year durability for thiopurines [40%] than methotrexate [18%; p &lt;0.001]. Time to steroid dependency [p = 0.9], hospitalisation [p = 0.8], and surgery [p = 0.1] were comparable between groups. These outcomes reflect also shorter median time to biologics with methotrexate (2.2 [IQR 1.6–3.1 years) versus thiopurines (6.6 [2.4–8.5]; p = 0.02). The overall adverse events rate was higher with thiopurines [20%] than methotrexate [12%; p &lt;0.001], including three lymphoma cases in males, although the difference was not significant [4.8 vs 0 cases/10 000 treatment-years, respectively; p = 0.6].

Conclusion
Thiopurines demonstrated higher treatment durability than methotrexate but more frequent adverse events. However, disease outcomes were similar, partly due to more frequent escalation to biologics with methotrexate.
Thermal biology and overwintering behavior of the red sunflower seed weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Pantzke Shawna , Ferguson Beth , Rajamohan Arun , Rinehart Joseph P , Prischmann-Voldseth Deirdre , Prasifka Jarrad R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Most natural mortality of the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), occurs while larvae overwinter in the soil. To test the hypothesis that S. fulvus mortality is related to low temperatures, experiments were used to (i) evaluate the temperature at which larvae freeze (= supercooling point [SCP]), (ii) assess possible vertical movement between entry into the soil in fall and adult emergence in summer, and (iii) determine if realistic soil temperatures could explain patterns of overwintering mortality. Mean SCP for groups of S. fulvus larvae differed between years and months, but only ranged from −20.93 to −22.68 °C. Most overwintering larvae were found within 6 cm of the soil surface, but larvae appeared to move 1–2 cm deeper between pairs of successive sample dates (September to January, January to April). Significant larval mortality that occurred between January and April 2021 was tentatively attributed to a period in February where daily minimum soil temperatures ranged from −8 to −12 °C. When overwintering under control conditions (constant 4 °C) was interrupted with week-long exposure to −4, −8, or −12 °C in a cold bath, significant S. fulvus mortality was seen for temperatures at or below −8 °C. Combined results suggest that mortality of overwintering S. fulvus is likely caused by continuous exposure to low temperatures that may not be cold enough to freeze larvae. Additionally, the shallow overwintering by S. fulvus supports the idea that routine farm management, including tillage and herbicide incorporation, may help limit populations of this sunflower pest.
Lung cancer surgery for patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: clinical outcomes and long-term survival
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Hong Tae Hee , Yun Jeonghee , Kim Hong Kwan , Choi Yong Soo , Kim Jhingook , Shim Young Mog , Cho Yang Hyun , Cho Jong Ho 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with lung cancer in whom left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was reduced.

METHODS
A total of 9814 patients with lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection from 2010 to 2018 were included for the study. Fifty-six (0.57%) patients had LVEFs ≤45% and we performed propensity score matching (1:3) to compare postoperative clinical outcomes and survival in 56 patients (reduced LVEF group) with those in 168 patients with normal LVEFs (nonreduced LVEF group).

RESULTS
The data of the reduced LVEF group and nonreduced group were matched and compared. The 30- (1.8%) and 90-day (7.1%) mortality rates were higher in the reduced LVEF group than those (0% for both 30- and 90-day mortality rates) in the nonreduced LVEF group (P &lt; 0.001). The estimated rates of overall survival at 5-year point were similar in the nonreduced LVEF group (66.0%) and in the reduced LVEF group (60.1%). The estimated rates of overall survival at 5-year point were almost the same between in the nonreduced and reduced LVEF groups for clinical stage 1 lung cancer (76.8% vs 76.4%, respectively), but for stages 2 and 3, they were significantly better in the nonreduced LVEF group than in the reduced LVEF group (53.8% vs.39.8%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Lung cancer surgery for selected patients with reduced LVEFs can yield favourable long-term outcomes despite the relatively high early mortality rate. A careful patient selection and meticulous postoperative care could further improve clinical outcome with reduced LVEF.
Atrial fibrillation fundamentals: from physiopathology to transcatheter ablation
Authors: Gaita Fiorenzo , Ferraris Federico , Anselmino Matteo , Calò Leonardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common and harmful arrhythmia. Its complex pathogenesis can be outlined using Coumel’s Triangle, that considers at the base of AF three different factors: substrate, trigger, and catalyst factor. The triangle can serve as a guide to understand the mechanism of action of the different possible treatments. Anti-arrhythmic drug therapies have a modest efficacy and no proven benefit on prognosis. Interventional therapy is more effective, especially if employed in the first stages of the disease, and can reduce mortality in selected populations. Ablative schemes must be different depending on the type of AF (paroxysmal, persistent) and the presence or absence of atrial dilation.
Stress Echo 2030: the new ABCDE protocol defining the future of cardiac imaging
Authors: Picano Eugenio , Ciampi Quirino , Arbucci Rosina , Cortigiani Lauro , Zagatina Angela , Celutkiene Jelena , Bartolacelli Ylenia , Kane Garvan C , Lowenstein Jorge , Pellikka Patricia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Functional testing with stress echocardiography is based on the detection of regional wall motion abnormality with two-dimensional echocardiography and is embedded in clinical guidelines. Yet, it under-uses the unique versatility of the technique, ideally suited to describe the different functional abnormalities underlying the same wall motion response during stress. Five parameters converge conceptually and methodologically in the state-of-the-art ABCDE protocol, assessing multiple vulnerabilities of the ischemic patient. The five steps of the ABCDE protocol are (1) step A: regional wall motion; (2) step B: B-lines by lung ultrasound assessing extravascular lung water; (3) step C: left ventricular contractile reserve by volumetric two-dimensional echocardiography; (4) step D: coronary flow velocity reserve in mid-distal left anterior descending coronary with pulsed-wave Doppler; and (5) step E: assessment of heart rate reserve with a one-lead electrocardiogram. ABCDE stress echo offers insight into five functional reserves: epicardial flow (A); diastolic (B), contractile (C), coronary microcirculatory (D), and chronotropic reserve (E). The new format is more comprehensive and allows better functional characterization, risk stratification, and personalized tailoring of therapy. ABCDE protocol is an ‘ecumenic’ and ‘omnivorous’ functional test, suitable for all stresses and all patients also beyond coronary artery disease. It fits the need for sustainability of the current era in healthcare, since it requires universally available technology, and is low-cost, radiation-free, and nearly carbon-neutral.
Drug-coated balloon combined with drug-eluting stent for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: insights from the HYPER study
Authors: Pellegrini Dario , Donahue Michael , Regazzoli Damiano , Tedeschi Delio , Loffi Marco , Pellicano Mariano , De Blasio Giuseppe , Tespili Maurizio , Guagliumi Giulio , Ielasi Alfonso 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
True coronary bifurcation lesions (CBL) represent a challenging scenario for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and are associated with a higher risk of target lesion failure (TLF), particularly when two stents are implanted. A hybrid strategy combining a drug-eluting stent (DES) in the main branch, and a drug-coated balloon in the side branch may improve outcomes by reducing the total stent length while maintaining an effective anti-prolipherative action. In this sub-study of the HYPER trial, 50 patients with true CBL were treated with a hybrid strategy: procedural success was 96%, one case of peri-procedural myocardial infarction and one case of TLF (in a DES-treated segment) at 1 year were reported. This study suggests that such a hybrid strategy may be a safe and effective option for true CBL PCI, and warrants additional investigations to compare outcomes with standard of care strategies.
Bempedoic acid: what prospective uses?
Authors: Jacomelli Ilaria , Monzo Luca , Panattoni Germana , Lanzillo Chiara , Rebecchi Marco , Calò Leonardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There is still the need to lower LDL-c, although the use of statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. Patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or familial hypercholesterolaemia are treated with statins at maximum tolerated dose, with or without further lipid-lowering drugs, but very often, we can’t reach the goal, so bempedoic acid treatment lead to a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, in different groups of patients, with a favourable safety profile.
New perspectives in diagnosis and risk stratification of non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pio Loco detto Gava Carola , Merlo Marco , Paldino Alessia , Korcova Renata , Massa Laura , Porcari Aldostefano , Zecchin Massimo , Perotto Maria , Rossi Maddalena , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primitive heart muscle condition, characterized by structural and functional abnormalities, in the absence of a specific cause sufficient to determine the disease. It is, though, an ‘umbrella’ term that describes the final common pathway of different pathogenic processes and gene–environment interactions. Performing an accurate diagnostic workup and appropriate characterization of the patient has a direct impact on the patient’s outcome. The physician should adapt a multiparametric approach, including a careful anamnesis and physical examination and integrating imaging data and genetic testing. Aetiological characterization should be pursued, and appropriate arrhythmic risk stratification should be performed. Evaluations should be repeated thoroughly at follow-up, as the disease is dynamical over time and individual risk might evolve. The goal is an all-around characterization of the patient, a personalized medicine approach, in order to establish a diagnosis and therapy tailored for the individual patient.
Heart failure and telemedicine: where are we and where are we going? Opportunities and critical issues
Authors: Calò Leonardo , Martino Annamaria , Bollettino Michela , Scialla Ludovica , Cicogna Francesco , Tota Claudia , Ponziani Beatrice , Oliviero Giada , Panuccio Marco , Fagagnini Alessandro , Toto Federica , Fanisio Francesca , De Ruvo Ermenegildo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the main causes of morbidity in the world and is responsible for an enormous amount of health costs, mostly due to hospitalizations. The remote control techniques of vital signs and health status have the potential to help prevent factors leading to HF instability by stimulating early therapeutic interventions. The goal of telemedicine is to change the intervention strategy from a ‘reactive’ type, in which therapy is optimized in response to the worsening of symptoms, to a ‘pro-active’ type, in which therapeutic changes are undertaken based on changes in the monitored parameters during the sub-clinical phase. This article is aimed at exploring the major results obtained by telemedicine application in HF patients with and without cardiac electronic devices or in those with haemodynamic sensors and to analyse the critical issues and the opportunities of its use.
Cardiac computed tomography: from anatomy to function
Authors: Maragna Riccardo , Mushtaq Saima , Baggiano Andrea , Annoni Andrea , Carerj Maria Ludovica , Cilia Francesco , Fazzari Fabio , Formenti Alberto , Fusini Laura , Mancini Elisabetta , Marchetti Francesca , Penso Marco , Volpe Alessandra , Tassetti Luigi , Baessato Francesca , Rossi Alexia , Rovera Chiara , Guaricci Andrea I , Pontone Gianluca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the world’s leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Likewise, the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have always been based on the detection of the presence and extent of ischaemia by physical or pharmacological stress tests with or without the aid of imaging methods (e.g. exercise stress, test, stress echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography, or stress cardiac magnetic resonance). These methods show high performance to assess obstructive CAD, whilst they do not show accurate power to detect non-obstructive CAD. The introduction into clinical practice of coronary computed tomography angiography, the only non-invasive method capable of analyzing the coronary anatomy, allowed to add a crucial piece in the puzzle of the assessment of patients with suspected or chronic IHD. The current review evaluates the technical aspects and clinical experience of coronary computed tomography in the evaluation of atherosclerotic burden with a special focus about the new emerging application such as functional relevance of CAD with fractional flow reserve computed tomography (CT)-derived (FFRct), stress CT perfusion, and imaging inflammatory makers discussing the strength and weakness of each approach.