bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decentralized clinical trials in the trial innovation network: Value, strategies, and lessons learned
Authors: Hanley Daniel F. , Bernard Gordon R. , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Selker Harry P. , Dwyer Jamie P. , Dean J. Michael , Benjamin Daniel Kelly , Dunsmore Sarah E. , Waddy Salina P. , Wiley Kenneth L. , Palm Marisha E. , Mould W. Andrew , Ford Daniel F. , Burr Jeri S. , Huvane Jacqueline , Lane Karen , Poole Lori , Edwards Terri L. , Kennedy Nan , Boone Leslie R. , Bell Jasmine , Serdoz Emily , Byrne Loretta M. , Harris Paul A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNew technologies and disruptions related to Coronavirus disease-2019 have led to expansion of decentralized approaches to clinical trials. Remote tools and methods hold promise for increasing trial efficiency and reducing burdens and barriers by facilitating participation outside of traditional clinical settings and taking studies directly to participants. The Trial Innovation Network, established in 2016 by the National Center for Advancing Clinical and Translational Science to address critical roadblocks in clinical research and accelerate the translational research process, has consulted on over 400 research study proposals to date. Its recommendations for decentralized approaches have included eConsent, participant-informed study design, remote intervention, study task reminders, social media recruitment, and return of results for participants. Some clinical trial elements have worked well when decentralized, while others, including remote recruitment and patient monitoring, need further refinement and assessment to determine their value. Partially decentralized, or “hybrid” trials, offer a first step to optimizing remote methods. Decentralized processes demonstrate potential to improve urban-rural diversity, but their impact on inclusion of racially and ethnically marginalized populations requires further study. To optimize inclusive participation in decentralized clinical trials, efforts must be made to build trust among marginalized communities, and to ensure access to remote technology.
A presentation for the Eisenstein-Picard modular group in three complex dimensions
Authors: Wang Jieyan , Xie Baohua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA. Mark and J. Paupert [Presentations for cusped arithmetic hyperbolic lattices, 2018, arXiv:1709.06691.] presented a method to compute a presentation for any cusped complex hyperbolic lattice. In this note, we will use their method to give a presentation for the Eisenstein-Picard modular group in three complex dimensions.
‘Farewell, My Uyghur Language’: Linguistic anxiety and resistance in Uyghur poetry and songs, 1990s–2010s
Authors: Baranovitch Nimrod 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, as part of the efforts of the Chinese government first to integrate and, more recently, to forcibly assimilate the Uyghur population into China’s mainstream culture and society, the Uyghur language has been marginalized and repressed to an unprecedented extent. The academic literature on Xinjiang’s language policy has repeatedly acknowledged that this repression is a major source of concern and discontent among many Uyghurs. However, to date, little has been written about the public response of Uyghurs to this policy and their open efforts to challenge it. In particular, with very few exceptions, little is known about the public response of Uyghur writers and artists. In this article I analyse a large corpus of Uyghur poems and songs that engaged openly with the Uyghur language crisis and were published and disseminated in the Uyghur public sphere between the mid-1990s and the mid-2010s. Unlike some studies that try to assess the condition of certain languages at a certain point in time through objective methodologies, these literary and artistic works provide an insider view on how the Uyghur cultural elite and many other Uyghurs experienced the repression and loss of their native language, and also, how they struggled against this repression. In the article I examine the diverse sentiments, perceptions, and discourses that these literary and artistic expressions communicate, and the different strategies that the Uyghurs used to struggle against the language policy and its consequences. I also explore what these works tell us about the development of Xinjiang’s language policy over time, the linguistic reality in the region, and the impact that the language policy has had on Uyghur society. Finally, the article also investigates the broad political meanings of these works and speculates on the link between them and the efforts of the Chinese government to further marginalize the Uyghur language.
COVID-19 second wave and clinical characteristics of cases in Uganda: A retrospective cross-sectional survey of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, March–June 2021
Authors: Walekhwa Abel Wilson , Nakazibwe Brenda , Nantongo Mary , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Bulafu Douglas , Ayugi Brenda , Nankabirwa Caroline , Nsereko Godfrey , Nalweyiso Martha Dorcas , Tindyebwa Tonny , Mayega Roy William , Ekiri Abel Bulamu , Bagenda Danstan , Musenero Monica , Mugisha Lawrence 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional population-based survey among recovered COVID-19 cases in Uganda to establish the case presentations of the second wave SARS-CoV-2 infections. We interviewed 1,120 recovered COVID-19 cases from 10 selected districts in Uganda. We further conducted 38 key informant interviews with members of the COVID-19 District Taskforce and 19 in-depth interviews among COVID-19 survivors from March to June 2021. Among them, 62% were aged 39 years and below and 51.5% were female with 90.9% under home-based care management. Cases were more prevalent among businesspeople (25.9%), students (16.2%), farmers (16.1%), and health workers (12.4%). Being asymptomatic was found to be associated with not seeking healthcare (APR 2, P < 0.001). The mortality rate was 3.6% mostly among the elderly (6.3%) and 31.3% aged 40 years and above had comorbidities of high blood pressure, diabetes, and asthma. Being asymptomatic, or under home-based care management (HBCM), working/operating/studying at schools, and not being vaccinated were among the major drivers of the second wave of the resurgence of COVID19 in Uganda. Managing future COVID-19 waves calls for proactive efforts for improving homebased care services, ensuring strict observation of SOPs in schools, and increasing the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination.
Drug repurposing: databases and pipelines
Authors: Kowshik Arjun V. , Manoj Megha , Sowmyanarayan Siddarth , Chatterjee Jhinuk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe concept of drug repurposing is focused on the repositioning of drug molecules that have already undergone safety trials. There are different strategies for drug repurposing. Network-based strategy focuses on the evaluation of drug combinations in a molecular environment with multi-target hits and analysis of drug interactions. Implementation of any in silico strategy requires several databases and pipelines for executing the process of shortlisting appropriate drugs.
ASPER: Answer Set Programming Enhanced Neural Network Models for Joint Entity-Relation Extraction
Authors: LE TRUNG HOANG , CAO HUIPING , CAO SON TRAN 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA plethora of approaches have been proposed for joint entity-relation (ER) extraction. Most of these methods largely depend on a large amount of manually annotated training data. However, manual data annotation is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone. Human beings learn using both data (through induction) and knowledge (through deduction). Answer Set Programming (ASP) has been a widely utilized approach for knowledge representation and reasoning that is elaboration tolerant and adept at reasoning with incomplete information. This paper proposes a new approach, ASP-enhanced Entity-Relation extraction (ASPER), to jointly recognize entities and relations by learning from both data and domain knowledge. In particular, ASPER takes advantage of the factual knowledge (represented as facts in ASP) and derived knowledge (represented as rules in ASP) in the learning process of neural network models. We have conducted experiments on two real datasets and compare our method with three baselines. The results show that our ASPER model consistently outperforms the baselines.
Three meanings of colonialism: Nehru, Sukarno, and Kotelawala debate the future of the Third World Movement (1954-61)
Authors: Bhardwaj Sandeep 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs the post-colonial Global South was weaving together the Third World Movement in the 1950s, it was also struggling to arrive at a common definition of colonialism. Since the movement was primarily premised on anti-colonial sentiments, redefining the term ‘colonialism’ could change its parameters. This article examines debates between three Asian leaders – Jawaharlal Nehru, Sukarno, and Sir John Kotelawala – who proposed three different meanings of colonialism. These definitions were informed by distinct ways that the colonial experience was remembered in their respective countries. Each definition was meant to redirect the energies of the Third World Movement towards a different vision of a post-colonial global order. The three leaders debated this question in major Afro-Asian conferences of the mid-twentieth century. Their disagreements represented a foundational fissure in the movement. Relying on primary sources from multiple countries, this article recovers a political dialogue within the Global South unmediated by the West, which is often ignored by the scholarship.
Candidate Genes for Prediction of Efficacy and Safety of Statin Therapy in the Kazakh Population
Authors: Tuleutayeva Raikhan Y. , Makhatova Assem R. , Rakhyzhanova Saule O. , Zhazykbayeva Lashyn K. , Kozhakhmetova Dana K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to determine the frequency of mutation of the cytochrome CYP3A5 genes and transport proteins SLCO1B1 and MDR1 in patients with coronary heart disease in the Kazakh nation. A prospective cohort clinical and genetic study was conducted. The study was conducted in 2017−2019. Medical records containing information about drug prescription conducted in hospitals and outpatient departments were carefully analyzed. In the examined group of 178 patients treated with statins, a significant frequency of genetic variants that determine the increased risk of complications of statin use was revealed. There was a tendency toward an increase in the activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in the blood upon detection of the A6986G mutation of the cytochrome gene and SLCO1B1 (c.521T>C) gene of the transport protein OATP1B1. In the studied Kazakh population, the presence of a homozygous mutant SLCO1B1 gene of the transport protein can be recommended as a genetic marker for the undesirability of using antihypercholesterolemic therapy with statins, which simultaneously leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment and an increase in the risk of side effects.
Incorporating Plant Access to Groundwater in Existing Global, Satellite‐Based Evaporation Estimates
Authors: Hulsman P. , Keune J. , Koppa A. , Schellekens J. , Miralles D. G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGroundwater is an important water source for evaporation, especially during dry conditions. Despite this recognition, plant access to groundwater is often neglected in global evaporation models. This study proposes a new, conceptual approach to incorporate plant access to groundwater in existing global evaporation models, and analyses the groundwater contribution to evaporation globally. To this end, the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) is used. The new GLEAM‐Hydro model relies on the linear reservoir assumption for modeling groundwater flow, and introduces a transpiration partitioning approach to estimate groundwater contributions. Model estimates are validated globally against field observations of evaporation, soil moisture, discharge and groundwater level for the time period 2015–2021, and compared to a regional groundwater model. Representing groundwater access influences evaporation in 22% of the continental surface. Globally averaged, evaporation increases by 2.5 mm year−1 (0.5% of terrestrial evaporation), but locally, evaporation can increase up to 245.2 mm year−1 (149.7%). The groundwater contribution to transpiration is highest for tall vegetation under dry conditions due to more frequent groundwater access. The temporal dynamics of the simulated evaporation improve across 75% of the stations where groundwater is a relevant water source. The skill of the model for variables such as soil moisture and runoff remains similar to GLEAM v3. The proposed approach enables a more realistic process representation of evaporation under water‐limited conditions in satellite‐data driven models such as GLEAM, and sets the ground to assimilate satellite gravimetry data in the future.
Asymmetrical Modulation of the Relationship Between the Western Pacific Pattern and El Niño–Southern Oscillation by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in the Boreal Winter
Authors: Aru Hasi , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng , An Xiadong , Ma Tianjiao , Cai Qingyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTropical atmospheric convection generated by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays a crucial role in affecting the western Pacific pattern (WP) in the boreal winter by triggering an atmospheric teleconnection. Here we show from analysis of observations and model simulations that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) asymmetrically modulates the relationship between ENSO and WP. We find a significant modulatory effect of AMO on the relationship between wintertime El Niño and WP. A robust El Niño−WP relation can be attributed to the negative AMO phase (−AMO), yet a weak relationship during the positive AMO phase (+AMO). In contrast, the relationship between La Niña and WP is independent of AMO modulation. Furthermore, during the −AMO period, stronger El Niño amplitudes lead to stronger atmospheric convection anomalies over the tropical western North Pacific, which excites stronger atmospheric teleconnection and thus has a more significant effect on WP than during the +AMO period.
Termination of Downward‐Oriented Gamma‐Ray Glow by Normal‐Polarity In‐Cloud Discharge Activity
Authors: Wada Y. , Wu T. , Wang D. , Enoto T. , Nakazawa K. , Morimoto T. , Nakamura Y. , Shinoda T. , Tsuchiya H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA gamma‐ray glow, a minute‐lasting burst of high‐energy photons from a thundercloud, was detected by ground‐based apparatus at Kanazawa University, Japan, in a winter thunderstorm on 18 December 2018. The gamma‐ray glow was quenched by a lightning flash within a brief time window of 40 ms. The lightning flash produced several low‐frequency (LF) E‐change pulses that were temporally coincident with the termination of the gamma‐ray glow, and that were located within 0.5 km from the observation site by the Fast Antenna Lightning Mapping Array. The LF pulses had the same polarity as a positive cloud‐to‐ground current and a normal‐polarity in‐cloud current. Since this polarity is against the upward electric field for producing the gamma‐ray glow (accelerating electrons to the ground), we infer that the glow was terminated by a normal‐polarity in‐cloud discharge activity between a middle negative layer and an upper positive layer.
Impacts of Drop Clustering and Entrainment‐Mixing on Mixed Phase Shallow Cloud Properties Over the Southern Ocean: Results From SOCRATES
Authors: D’Alessandro John J. , McFarquhar Greg M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEntrainment and associated mixing (i.e., entrainment‐mixing) have been shown to impact drop size distributions. However, most past studies have focused on warm clouds and have not considered the impacts on mixed phase clouds (i.e., those containing liquid and ice particles). This study characterizes the impacts of entrainment‐mixing on mixed phase cloud properties over the Southern Ocean using in situ observations. By taking advantage of strong correlations between droplet clustering and entrainment‐mixing, a clustering metric is used as a proxy to assess the degree of mixing. This maximizes the available sample size for a statistical analysis of entrainment‐mixing impacts on mixed phase properties. A positive relationship is found between the magnitude of droplet clustering and large ice concentrations (those with maximum dimensions greater than ∼300 μm), suggesting entrainment‐mixing enhances the Wegener‐Bergeron‐Findeisen (WBF) process. Particle size distributions are averaged over different ranges of liquid (liquid water content (LWC)) to total water content (TWC) ratio. Since the ratio is expected to transition from 1 to 0 during glaciation, differences in the distributions provide insight into the relation of entrainment‐mixing to mixed phase cloud evolution. Mixed phase samples with the greatest large ice concentrations occur at LWC/TWC < 0.4 in low clustering regions. However, these samples are relatively few, whereas high clustering regions have a greater frequency of samples with LWC/TWC < 0.4. This suggests sublimation/vapor sinks associated with entrainment can counteract the enhanced WBF. In high clustering regions, distributions of small droplets are relatively constant and large droplets (>30 μm) are preferentially removed as LWC/TWC transitions from 1 to 0.
A role of splenic heme biosynthesis pathway in the persistent prophylactic actions of arketamine in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice
Authors: Ma Li , Wang Long , Qu Youge , Wan Xiayun , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRelapse is common in remitted patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Arketamine, an (R)-enantiomer of ketamine, has persistent prophylactic actions in an inflammatory model of depression. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these prophylactic actions remain unknown. Given the role of the brain–spleen axis in depression, we sought to identify splenic molecular targets that play a role in the prophylactic actions of arketamine. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1.0 mg/kg) was administered 6 days after a single injection of arketamine (10 mg/kg) or saline. RNA-sequencing analysis found altered expression in the heme biosynthesis II pathway. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that pretreatment with arketamine blocked increased expression of genes involved in the heme biosynthesis II pathway in LPS-treated mice, namely, 5-aminolevulinase synthase 2 (Alas2), ferrochelatase (Fech), hydroxymethylbilane synthase (Hmbs). Interestingly, there were positive correlations between the expression of these genes and spleen weight or plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also found higher expression of ALAS2 and FECH in the spleen from MDD patients. Pretreatment with a key intermediate precursor of heme, 5-aminolaevulinic acid (300 mg/kg/day for 3 days), caused splenomegaly, higher plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and depression-like behavior in low-dose LPS (0.1 mg/kg)-treated mice. Interestingly, pretreatment with a heme biosynthesis inhibitor, succinyl acetone (120 mg/kg/day for 3 days), had prophylactic effects in LPS (1.0 mg/kg)-treated mice. These data suggest a novel role for the heme biosynthesis II pathway in the spleen for inflammation-related depression. Therefore, the heme biosynthesis pathway could be a new target for the prevention of relapse in MDD patients.
Zinc-finger BED domains drive the formation of the active Hermes transpososome by asymmetric DNA binding
Authors: Lannes Laurie , Furman Christopher M. , Hickman Alison B. , Dyda Fred 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Hermes DNA transposon is a member of the eukaryotic hAT superfamily, and its transposase forms a ring-shaped tetramer of dimers. Our investigation, combining biochemical, crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, and in-cell assays, shows that the full-length Hermes octamer extensively interacts with its transposon left-end through multiple BED domains of three Hermes protomers contributed by three dimers explaining the role of the unusual higher-order assembly. By contrast, the right-end is bound to no BED domains at all. Thus, this work supports a model in which Hermes multimerizes to gather enough BED domains to find its left-end among the abundant genomic DNA, facilitating the subsequent interaction with the right-end.
Temperature-dependent interphase formation and Li+ transport in lithium metal batteries
Authors: Weng Suting , Zhang Xiao , Yang Gaojing , Zhang Simeng , Ma Bingyun , Liu Qiuyan , Liu Yue , Peng Chengxin , Chen Huixin , Yu Hailong , Fan Xiulin , Cheng Tao , Chen Liquan , Li Yejing , Wang Zhaoxiang , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh-performance Li-ion/metal batteries working at a low temperature (i.e., <−20 °C) are desired but hindered by the sluggish kinetics associated with Li+ transport and charge transfer. Herein, the temperature-dependent Li+ behavior during Li plating is profiled by various characterization techniques, suggesting that Li+ diffusion through the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer is the key rate-determining step. Lowering the temperature not only slows down Li+ transport, but also alters the thermodynamic reaction of electrolyte decomposition, resulting in different reaction pathways and forming an SEI layer consisting of intermediate products rich in organic species. Such an SEI layer is metastable and unsuitable for efficient Li+ transport. By tuning the solvation structure of the electrolyte with a lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level and polar groups, such as fluorinated electrolytes like 1 mol L−1 lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in methyl trifluoroacetate (MTFA): fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) (8:2, weight ratio), an inorganic-rich SEI layer more readily forms, which exhibits enhanced tolerance to a change of working temperature (thermodynamics) and improved Li+ transport (kinetics). Our findings uncover the kinetic bottleneck for Li+ transport at low temperature and provide directions to enhance the reaction kinetics/thermodynamics and low-temperature performance by constructing inorganic-rich interphases.