bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of 2-Nitrocacalol Acetate From a Sesquiterpene Isolated From Roots of Psacalium decompositum. Evaluation of α-Glucosidase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition
Authors: Jiménez-Estrada Manuel , Tavera-Hernández Rosario , Alvarado-Sansininea J. Javier , Huerta-Reyes Maira 
Published: July 2023

Objective To introduce a nitrogen atom into the structure of the cacalol acetate and to evaluate the change in its ability to inhibit enzymes of therapeutic importance such as α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which are targeted in the development of drugs for the treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), respectively. Methods Cacalol acetate was obtained by subjecting the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from the roots of Psacalium decompositum to acetylation conditions. Subsequently, the cacalol acetate was brought under nitration conditions using cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate and acetic anhydride to obtain 2-nitrocacalol acetate; this compound was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Additionally, the inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate extract, the cacalol acetate, and the 2-nitrocacalol acetate was evaluated on the enzymes α-glucosidase and AChE. Finally, the possible mode of ligand–enzyme binding through molecular docking was established. Results The 2-nitrocacalol acetate was obtained with a 20% yield. Its crystallographic structure was obtained, to our knowledge, for the first time, corroborating the S configuration in C5, showing a mostly planar molecule, in which the C6, C7, and C14 atoms and the acetyl group leaving the plane. The ethyl acetate extract was that which significantly inhibited the α-glucosidase (95.8% at 100 μg/mL), while the 2-nitrocacalol acetate exhibited the highest inhibitory activity of the AChE (69.9% at 10 µg/mL). The 2-nitrocacalol acetate presented a favorable interaction energy with the AChE (−8.68 kcal/mol), highlighting the formation of two hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Conclusions The 2-nitrocacalol acetate and its crystallographic structure were obtained, to our knowledge, for the first time providing a new modification to this sesquiterpene by introducing a nitro group, which was favored its ability to inhibit AChE. These structural modifications encourage future research in these sesquiterpenes as targets for the development of novel drugs that would be useful in clinical practice.
Automatically detecting activities of daily living from in-home sensors as indicators of routine behaviour in an older population
Authors: Timon Claire M , Hussey Pamela , Lee Hyowon , Murphy Catriona , Vardan Rai Harsh , Smeaton Alan F 
Published: July 2023

Objective The NEX project has developed an integrated Internet of Things (IoT) system coupled with data analytics to offer unobtrusive health and wellness monitoring supporting older adults living independently at home. Monitoring involves visualising a set of automatically detected activities of daily living (ADLs) for each participant. ADL detection allows the incorporation of additional participants whose ADLs are detected without system re-training. Methods Following a user needs and requirements study involving 426 participants, a pilot trial and a friendly trial of the deployment, an action research cycle (ARC) trial was completed. This involved 23 participants over a 10-week period each with [Formula: see text]20 IoT sensors in their homes. During the ARC trial, participants took part in two data-informed briefings which presented visualisations of their own in-home activities. The briefings also gathered training data on the accuracy of detected activities. Association rule mining was used on the combination of data from sensors and participant feedback to improve the automatic ADL detection. Results Association rule mining was used to detect a range of ADLs for each participant independently of others and then used to detect ADLs across participants using a single set of rules for each ADL. This allows additional participants to be added without the necessity of them providing training data. Conclusions Additional participants can be added to the NEX system without the necessity to re-train the system for automatic detection of their ADLs.
Pain and participation in social activities in people with relapsing remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jain Dhruv , Bernstein Charles N , Graff Lesley A , Patten Scott B , Bolton James M , Fisk John D , Hitchon Carol , Marriott James J , Marrie Ruth Ann ,   for the CIHR Team in Defining the Burden and Managing the Effects of Immune-mediated Inflammatory Disease
Published: July 2023

Background Differences in pain between subtypes of multiple sclerosis are understudied. Objective To compare the prevalence of pain, and the association between pain and: (a) pain interference and (b) social participation in people with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis. Methods Participants completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short-Form-2, Pain Effects Scale and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities-V2.0 questionnaires. We tested the association between multiple sclerosis subtype, pain severity, and pain interference/social participation using quantile regression. Results Of 231 participants (relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: 161, progressive multiple sclerosis: 70), 82.3% were women. The prevalence of pain was 95.2%, of more than mild pain was 38.1%, and of pain-related limitations was 87%; there were no differences between multiple sclerosis subtypes. Compared to participants with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, those with progressive multiple sclerosis reported higher pain interference (mean (standard deviation) Pain Effects Scale; progressive multiple sclerosis: 15[6.0] vs relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: 13[5], p = 0.039) and lower social participation (Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities T-scores 45[9.0] vs 48.3[8.9], p = 0.011). However, on multivariable analysis accounting for age, physical disability, mood/anxiety and fatigue, multiple sclerosis subtype was not associated with differences in pain interference or social participation. Conclusions Pain was nearly ubiquitous. Over one-third of individuals with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis reported pronounced pain, although this did not differ by multiple sclerosis subtype.
Evolution of selfish multicellularity: collective organisation of individual spatio-temporal regulatory strategies
Authors: Vroomans Renske M. A. , Colizzi Enrico Sandro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The unicellular ancestors of modern-day multicellular organisms were remarkably complex. They had an extensive set of regulatory and signalling genes, an intricate life cycle and could change their behaviour in response to environmental changes. At the transition to multicellularity, some of these behaviours were co-opted to organise the development of the nascent multicellular organism. Here, we focus on the transition to multicellularity before the evolution of stable cell differentiation, to reveal how the emergence of clusters affects the evolution of cell behaviour.

Results
We construct a computational model of a population of cells that can evolve the regulation of their behavioural state - either division or migration - and study both a unicellular and a multicellular context. Cells compete for reproduction and for resources to survive in a seasonally changing environment. We find that the evolution of multicellularity strongly determines the co-evolution of cell behaviour, by altering the competition dynamics between cells. When adhesion cannot evolve, cells compete for survival by rapidly migrating towards resources before dividing. When adhesion evolves, emergent collective migration alleviates the pressure on individual cells to reach resources. This allows individual cells to maximise their own replication. Migrating adhesive clusters display striking patterns of spatio-temporal cell state changes that visually resemble animal development.

Conclusions
Our model demonstrates how emergent selection pressures at the onset of multicellularity can drive the evolution of cellular behaviour to give rise to developmental patterns.
Modern possibilities and prospects in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Ushanova F. O. , Demidova T. Yu. , Korotkova T. N. 
Published: July 2023

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening disease characterized by a decrease in the production of hormones by the adrenal cortex and requires lifelong replacement therapy with glucocorticoids (GCs) and, in some cases, mineralocorticoids (MCs). The number of individuals with primary and secondary AI in Europe is estimated at 20-50 per 100 thousand people, the increase in the number of cases of this disease in the world may be partly due to the rapid increase in the frequency of use of GC in various clinical strategies, including in oncological diseases.In AI, hormone replacement therapy is vital, but long-term use of GC may be associated with various adverse effects, especially at non-physiological concentrations of GC. This review provides a brief overview of the current therapeutic possibilities of AI hormone therapy, which contributes to the prevention of the development of adrenal crises, as well as promising opportunities for more effective imitation of the physiological profile of cortisol, aimed at preventing the development of undesirable effects of therapy. Several different forms of AI are currently available, differing in profile, duration of action, and route of administration. The most preferred currently in the treatment of AI are GCs with a short half-life, which provides a more manageable action profile and a lower risk of side effects. Promising substitution therapy options include modified-release hydrocortisone preparations, as well as new methods of drug administration using an insulin pump, which will better mimic the physiological effects of endogenous cortisol.
WITHDRAWN: Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Successful Management of Renal Failure and Pulmonary Toxicity Caused Due to Paraquat Poisoning
Authors: Cherukuri Bharath , Shaik Arif , Kutumbaka Surya , Anne' Suresh , Dubey Rounak 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Paraquat is a commonly used herbicide worldwide and its ingestion is associated with a high mortality rate as no definitive treatment is available. This case report describes a 57-year-old male admitted to NRI General Hospital after ingestion of paraquat, resulting in renal failure and pulmonary toxicity. He was initially treated with the standard treatment modalities, which included immunosuppression, hemoperfusion and haemodialysis, but had no significant improvement. The patient was treated with umbilical cord blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and exosomes as a lifesaving measure. He was treated with three doses each of MSCs(1.5 X 108 cells/dose) and exosomes ( 5 × 1010 vesicles/ dose) on every alternate day starting from the fourth day of consumption of paraquat, and his condition gradually improved. A fourth dose of MSC and exosomes was given on the 15th day of ingestion, and other supportive measures were continued throughout. The patient was discharged on the 24th day in stable condition. MSCs and exosomes had a significant contribution in improving the outcome and may be explored for use in similar situations.
Protecting Group-Minimum, Practical N-to-C Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Kanai Motomu , Tatsumi Toshifumi , Sasamoto Koki , Matsumoto Takuya , Hirano Ryo , Oikawa Kazuki , Nakano Masato , Yoshida Masaru , Oisaki Kounosuke 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Accessible drug modalities have continued to increase in number in recent years. Peptides play a central role as pharmaceuticals and biomaterials in these new drug modalities. Although traditional peptide synthesis using chain-elongation from C- to N-terminus is reliable, it produces large quantities of chemical waste derived from protecting groups and condensation reagents, which place a heavy burden on the environment. Here we report an alternative N-to-C elongation strategy utilizing catalytic peptide thioacid formation and oxidative peptide bond formation with main chain-unprotected amino acids under aerobic conditions. This method is applicable to both iterative peptide couplings and convergent fragment couplings without requiring elaborate condensation reagents and protecting group manipulations. A recyclable N-hydroxy pyridone additive effectively suppresses epimerization at the elongating chain. We demonstrate the practicality of this method by showcasing a straightforward synthesis of the nonapeptide DSIP. This method further opens the door to clean and atom-efficient peptide synthesis.
Genome-wide Association Study on Resistance of Cultivated Soybean to Fusarium oxysporum Root Rot in Northeast China
Authors: Sang Yongsheng , Liu Xiaodong , Yuan Cuiping , Yao Tong , Li Yuqiu , Wang Dechun , Zhao Hongkun , Wang Yumin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Fusarium oxysporum is a prevalent fungal pathogen that diminishes soybean yield through seedling disease and root rot. Fusarium oxysporum root rot (FORR) damage could be effectively prevented by identifying resistance genes and developing resistant cultivars. Therefore, to carry out fine mapping and marker development of FORR resistance genes is of great significance for the cultivation of resistant varieties. In this study, 350 soybean germplasm accessions, mainly from Northeast China, underwent genotyping using the SoySNP50K Illumina BeadChip, which includes 52,041 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Their resistance to FORR was assessed in a greenhouse. Genome-wide association studies utilizing the general linear model, mixed linear model, compressed mixed linear model, and settlement of MLM under progressively exclusive relationship models were conducted to identify marker-trait associations while effectively controlling for population structure.
Results
The results demonstrated that these models effectively managed population structure. Eight SNP loci significantly associated with FORR resistance in soybean were detected, primarily located on Chromosome 6. Notably, there was a strong linkage disequilibrium between the large-effect SNPs ss715595462 and ss715595463, contributing substantially to phenotypic variation. Within the genetic interval encompassing these loci, 26 genes were present, with one gene Glyma.06G088400 encoding a protein kinase family protein containing a leucine-rich repeat domain identified as a potential candidate gene in the reference genome of Williams82. Additionally, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis evaluated the gene expression levels between highly resistant and susceptible accessions, focusing on primary root tissues collected at different time points after F. oxysporum inoculation. Among the examined genes, only this gene emerged as the strongest candidate associated with FORR resistance.
Conclusions
The identification of this candidate gene Glyma.06G088400 improves our understanding of soybean resistance to FORR and the markers strongly linked to resistance can be beneficial for molecular marker-assisted selection in breeding resistant soybean accessions against F. oxysporum.
Comparison of the Transistor Channel Length and Performance Parameters of a Fully Differential Operational Amplifier
Authors: Genzebu Tsegaye Menberu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Today's practical applications require an amplifier with high-performance specifications. Reduce the scale of transistor sizes in operational amplifiers (op-amps) to obtain better values for the performance characteristics are important. The main objective of this study was to understand the relationship between the performance parameters of a fully differential amplifier and the channel length of the transistors. In this study, fully differential op-amp performance metrics were examined and contrasted with their channel lengths utilizing a common 1.8V power supply. The graphs were plotted using Python software. The outcome demonstrates that, as the transistor's channel length decreases, the gain and unity gain band width of the fully differential op-amp increase. This demonstrates how reducing the transistor's size allows for high amplification devices. The totally differential op-amp's power dissipation and settling time are also decreased as the transistor's channel length is decreased. This shows that in order to create fully differential op-amps that operate for long periods of time, the transistor size needs to be decreased.
Effect of Peritoneal Dialysate on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Variability in Pediatric Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Prukngampun Natthida , Densupsoontorn Narumon , Pattaragarn Anirut , Pooliam Julaporn , Tinnabut Intraparch , Sumboonnanonda Achra , Supavekin Suroj , Piyaphanee Nuntawan , Lomjansook Kraisoon , Thunsiribuddhichai Yanarin , Chaiyapak Thanaporn 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Previous adult studies have yielded conflicting results regarding whether the presence (D+) or absence (D-) of peritoneal dialysate affects the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the accuracy of BIA data varies between D+ and D- measurements in children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients aged 3 to 18 years who received peritoneal dialysis. Body composition was assessed by multifrequency BIA, and values were compared between D+ and D- measurements using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots.
Results: Fifty paired BIA measurements were collected from 18 patients with a mean age of 13.6±4.1 years and a mean dialysate fill volume of 1,006±239.7 ml/m2. Almost all BIA parameters exhibited excellent correlations between D+ and D- measurements (ICC values=0.954-0.998). There was a trend of increased fluid status, including extracellular water, edema index, and overhydration, in D+ measurements, with mean differences (95% CIs) of 0.5 (0.4-0.6) L, 0.002 (0.001-0.002), and 0.1 (0.1-0.2) L, respectively. Soft lean mass and fat-free mass were higher in D+ measurements, with mean differences (95% CIs) of 1.4 (1.2-1.6), and 1.6 (1.4-1.8) kg, respectively. The Bland-Altman plots showed low variability in BIA parameters, as indicated by the narrow 95% limits of agreement between D+ and D- measurements.
Conclusions: Almost all BIA parameters exhibited excellent correlations and low variability between D+ and D- measurements. We recommend that BIA measurements be collected from children regardless of the presence of peritoneal dialysate.
The course of self-perceived cognitive functioning among patients with lymphoma and the co-occurrence with fatigue and psychological distress
Authors: Ekels Afke , Oerlemans Simone , Schagen Sanne B. , Issa Djamila E. , Thielen Noortje , Nijziel Marten R. , Poel Marjolein W.M. , Arts Lindy P.J. , Posthuma Eduardus F.M. , Poll-Franse Lonneke V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the proportion of patients with lymphoma with persistent clinically relevant cognitive impairment, and its relation with treatment, fatigue and psychological distress.
Methods: Patients with Diffuse-Large-B-Cell-Lymphoma (DLBCL), Follicular-Lymphoma (FL) and Chronic-Lymphocytic-Leukemia (CLL)/Small-Lymphocytic-Lymphoma (SLL), diagnosed between 2004-2010 or 2015-2019, were followed up to eight years post-diagnosis. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Population-based HAematological Registry for Observational Studies. The EORTC QLQ-C30 was used to assess cognitive functioning and fatigue, and the HADS to assess psychological distress. Individual growth curve models were performed. Results were compared with an age- and sex-matched normative population.
Results: 924 patients were included (70% response rate). Persistent cognitive impairment was twice as high in patients (30%) compared to the normative population (15%). Additionally, 74% of patients reported co-occurring symptoms of persistent fatigue and/or psychological distress. Patients with FL (-23 points, p<0.001) and CLL/SLL (-10 points, p<0.05) reported clinically relevant deterioration of cognitive functioning, as did the normative population (FLnorm -5 points, DLBCLnorm -4 points, both p<0.05). Younger age, higher fatigue and/or psychological distress at inclusion were associated with worse cognitive functioning (all p’s <0.01). Treatment appeared less relevant.
Conclusion: Almost one-third of patients with lymphoma report persistent cognitive impairment, remaining present up to eight years post-diagnosis. Early onset and co-occurrence of symptoms highlight the need for clinicians to discuss symptoms with patients early.
Implications for Cancer Survivors: Early recognition of cognitive impairment could increase timely referral to suitable supportive care (i.e. lifestyle interventions) and reduce (long-term) symptom burden.
Pathophysiology characterization and early detection of Alzheimer’s disease in South China’s Aging Population: for the Greater-Bay- Area Healthy Aging Brain Study (GHABS)
Authors: Liu Zhen , Cai Yue , Li Anqi , Lan Guoyu , Sun Pan , Liu Lin , Zhu Yalin , Yang Jie , Zhou Yajing , Guo Lizhi , Zhang Laihong , Deng Shuqing , Shi Dai , Chen Shuda , Yu Xianfeng , Chen Xuhui , Zhao Ruiyue , Wang Qingyong , Ran Pengcheng , Xu Linsen , Zhou Liemin , Sun Kun , Wang Xinlu , Peng Qiyu , Han Ying , Guo Tengfei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects approximately 100 million aged 60 or above older adults in China. However, a community-based longitudinal neuroimaging AD cohort is rarely available in China, particularly in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great-Bay-Area of South China.
METHODS
Following the standard protocols of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the Greater-Bay-Area Healthy Aging Brain Study (GHABS) was initiated in Shenzhen in May 2021. The GHABS cohort focuses on the pathophysiology characterization and early detection of AD in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, one of the largest population regions in China.
RESULTS
The aims, study design, data collection, and potential applications of GHABS are summarized. Currently, 565 participants have completed cognitive assessments and blood sample collection in the GHABS cohort by June 23, 2023, and 68% of the cohort were cognitively unimpaired or had a subjective cognitive decline. Additionally, 276 and 65 participants completed stool and CSF sample collection. So far, 396, 346, and 70 participants had MRI, Aβ PET, and tau PET imaging scans, respectively.
DISCUSSION
The GHABS cohort aims to: 1) summarize the characteristic and evolution of AD pathologies across the clinical and biological stages of AD in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; 2) determine the earliest abnormal signs of AD using biofluid markers and neuroimaging; 3) identify and validate novel blood biomarkers and imaging techniques for the early detection and prevention trials of AD.