bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF CROSS‐SECTION BRACING IN STEEL‐CONCRETE COMPOSITE BRIDGE DECKS USING THE GENERALIZED BEAM THEORY
Authors: Vieira Luís , Pedro José Oliveira , Gonçalves Rodrigo , Camotim Dinar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the structural analysis of steel‐concrete bridge decks with explicit consideration of flexible cross‐section bracing, using a novel procedure based on the Generalized Beam Theory (GBT). The effect of the bracing is included in a GBT‐based bar finite element, which is used to analyze two numerical examples involving standard deck cross‐sections and bracing systems. It is shown that the proposed finite element leads to extremely accurate solutions when compared with those obtained with full shell finite element models, with a huge economy in terms of DOFs. Moreover, it is shown that the modal features of GBT provide a very valuable tool for the structural interpretation of the results.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LOAD‐SLIP BEHAVIOUR OF HEADED STUD SHEAR CONNECTIONS IN NARROW PROFILED SHEETING
Authors: Vigneri V. , Odenbreit C. , Schäfer M. , Hicks S. , Lam D. , Hanus F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough headed stud shear connections in profiled sheeting represent an efficient solution to transfer the longitudinal shear along composite beams, current EN 1994‐1‐1 may overestimate their design resistance in case of open trough profile steel sheeting with narrow ribs. Project team CEN/TC250/SC4.T3 proposed new equations based on a “cantilever” model which depends on the concrete tensile strength and the bending resistance of the connector. However, by increasing the slips, the internal forces redistribute, and the system can be represented by a “modified strut and tie” model. At large displacements, a “strut and tie” model was also developed accounting for the influence of the tensile forces in the connector. The respective analytical equations for predicting the load per stud were finally derived and compared with experimental load‐slip curves. It was found that the analytical models proposed lead to satisfactory predictions of the load‐slip behaviour of the shear connection.
PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OF STAINLESS‐STEEL COMPOSITE STRUCTURES – BEAMS, COLUMNS AND JOINTS
Authors: Azad Sina Kazemzadeh , Uy Brian , Zhou Yifan , Song Yuchen , Wang Jia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe paper summarises a series of investigations conducted in recent years at the University of Sydney on the behaviour and design of stainless steel‐concrete composite structures, with a focus on the mechanical performance of composite beams, columns, and joints. Three stainless steel grades were considered in the experiments, namely austenitic, duplex, and lean duplex. Details of the experiments as well as some of the experimental observations are presented herein, along with the comparison of the test results with the results of simulations. The test results are also compared with the requirements and predictions of international design codes, which are generally developed for carbon steel composite members, in order to investigate their applicability for stainless steel composite members. A number of design recommendations are also developed and presented. The studies are expected to help engineers achieve a deeper understanding of the behaviour and design of stainless steel‐concrete composite members.
COMPOSITE BRIDGES WITH CRACKED CONCRETE DECK SPANNING BETWEEN TRANSVERSE BEAMS UNDER FATIGUE SHEAR LOADING
Authors: Stempniewski Lena , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor concrete deck of large steel‐concrete composite road bridges cracking occurs due to tension because of negative bending moments at the support area, at the same time traffic load with high wheel loads passes the deck spanning between transverse beams. They induce cyclic shear loading in the cracked concrete deck. In composite bridges the application of prefabricated concrete elements has led to economical designs with a benefit in construction time. In this case, the prefabricated concrete elements are supported by the transverse beams when the on‐site concrete is poured. For this construction, the concrete is subjected to tension forces resulting from the global load‐carrying effect, which needs to be superimposed with local effects as wheel loads acting as shear fatigue loading. In this paper, the fatigue strength of cracked concrete deck under tension and shear fatigue loading is discussed.
FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE BEAM WITH BOLTED SHEAR CONNECTORS
Authors: Hosseini S.M. , Mirza O. , Mashiri F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the simulation technique developed to predict the fatigue life of bolted shear connector. As existing composite structures experience complex loading conditions over the entire life of the structure, therefore, the fatigue behaviour of the shear connectors is always critical. Among different types of bolted shear connectors, the installation procedure of the blind bolts is less complex and more rapid than that of conventional systems. Therefore, the concept of fatigue analysis of the blind bolt shear connector has been presented, in this paper here in, under constant amplitudes cyclic loading, using ABAQUS/explicit and FE‐SAFE programs. All fatigue simulations were conducted under load‐control mode based on constant amplitude conditions and a constant mean force. The results showed that the number of cycles to failure decreases with the increasing stress level while every stress amplitude has a certain number of cycles until failure.
CONCRETE CONE FAILURE OF POST INSTALLED FASTENERS DURING FIRE
Authors: Lakhani Hitesh , Hofmann Jan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe fire resistance of fasteners needs to be verified for all failure modes applicable at ambient conditions. Generally, in most cases, for unprotected fasteners loaded in tension, steel failure mode is decisive. But for fasteners made of stainless steel and/or larger (bolt) sizes, concrete cone failure may be the decisive failure mode for small anchorage depths. Due to practical difficulties associated with loading an anchor during a fire test, very limited experimental data is available in literature and that to for relatively small embedment depths. The paper presents the results (6 nos) of the fire tests conducted on expansion anchors (made of stainless steel) with sizes M12 (hef = 70 mm) and M20 (hef = 100 mm). Moreover, the paper also compares the reduction in the concrete cone capacity with exposure duration, predicted as per the current design guidelines and the new set of experimental data obtained in this study.
SFRC SLAB IN COMPRESSION IN STEEL‐CONCRETE COMPOSITE FRAME JOINTS
Authors: Cervenka Petr , Dolejs Jakub 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe objective of the research is a steel fiber‐reinforced concrete slab in compression in a composite frame joint. EN 1998‐1 relates only to composite joints with common concrete slab and it prescribes two mechanisms. By these mechanisms, it is prescribed inaccurate formula for the effective width calculation of a common concrete slab in compression in the nodal zone, as the standard procedure does not consider the contribution of the confinement effect to the resistance of mechanism 1. Moreover, some publications describe different inclination of the concrete struts of mechanism 2. The aim of this work is to derive a more accurate formula for calculation the effective width of the steel fiber‐reinforced concrete slab in compression in the nodal zone. Experiment with real‐sized isolated composite joint, validation of numerical models and parametric study of composite joints with fiber‐reinforced concrete slab are the main steps of this research.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSISTENT DESIGN CONCEPT FOR COMPOSITE DOWELS
Authors: Broschart Yannick , Kurz Wolfgang , Wolters Kevin , Christou Georgios , Feldmann Markus , Hegger Josef , Claßen Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComposite dowels are an economically and technically reasonable alternative to the conventional shear connectors, the headed studs. However, their competitiveness is limited by the fact that they are only approved nationally and for a limited period of time, whereas headed studs are firmly anchored in European regulations. Numerous investigations, performed on a national and international level for decades, were necessary in order to enable an integration of composite dowels into the European standards. This paper summarizes the extensive investigations on the influence of cracked concrete, of tensile and combined shear‐tensile loads as well as of composite dowel positions close to the surface on the load‐bearing behaviour of composite dowels. Based on these and former investigations, a consistent design concept for composite dowels was developed, which will also be presented within this paper and shall form the basis for the introduction into European standardization.
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF INJECTED STEEL‐REINFORCED RESIN CONNECTORS UNDER DIFFERENT CONFINED CONDITIONS FOR REUSABLE COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Authors: Christoforidou A. , Kavoura F. , Pavlovic M. , Veljkovic M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA novel injection material for the development of demountable injected bolted connections in oversized holes has been recently developed by the Steel and Composite Structure research group at Delft University of Technology [1]. This injection material is a steel‐reinforced resin (SRR) which consists of spherical steel particles embedded in a resin. The SRR proved to have several benefits such as the increase of the stiffness and strength of the connection and the decrease of its creep deformation when compared to injected connections with conventional epoxy resin. Research on the performance of the injected steel‐reinforced resin (iSRR) has been focused on steel‐to‐steel, steel‐to‐concrete, and steel‐to‐FRP connections. This paper presents an overview of the recent experimental and numerical research on the mechanical properties of demountable iSRR connections and provides a comparison between different confined conditions of the injected volume.
A silver‐based coordination polymer with phenylacetylene ligands for efficient visible light photocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Pan , Ma Yujing , Li Jun , Jin Yang , Cai Haitao , Xu Chun , Huang Minggang , Chen Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA type of organic coordination polymer photocatalyst (PhC2Ag) that can respond to visible light was synthesized. The PhC2Ag with nanorods structure has good hydrophobicity and was reported in eliminating organic pollutants for the first time. The characterization results indicate that PhC2Ag has photoexcited carrier separation ability with the band gap of 2.63 eV. Experimental results indicate that the dominant active species in the PhC2Ag photocatalytic system are the superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical. First‐principles theoretical calculations revealed that effective mass of photogenerated electrons is smaller and has better migration ability. This work provides support for the application of PhC2Ag and its subsequent modified materials in energy and environmental fields such as photocatalytic degradation, hydrogen evolution, and hydrogen peroxide production.
Expression of tau and phosphorylated tau in the brain of normal and hemiparkinsonian rhesus macaques
Authors: Gambardella Julia C. , Schoephoerster Wyatt , Bondarenko Viktoriya , Yandell Brian S. , Emborg Marina E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTau is a neuronal protein involved in microtubule stabilization and intracellular vesicle transport in axons. In neurodegenerative disorders termed “tauopathies,” like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and forms intracellular inclusions. Rhesus macaques are widely used for studying ageing processes and modeling neurodegenerative disorders, yet little is known about endogenous tau expression in their brains. In this study, immunohistochemical methods were used to map and characterize total tau, 3R‐ and 4R‐tau isoforms, and phosphorylated tau (pThr231‐tau and pSer202/Thr205‐tau/AT8) expression bilaterally in 16 brain regions of normal and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced hemiparkinsonian adult rhesus macaques. Tau‐immunoreactivity (‐ir), including both 3R and 4R isoforms, was observed throughout the brain, with varying regional intensities. The anterior cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus displayed the most robust tau‐ir, while the subthalamic nucleus and white matter regions had minimal expression. Tau was present in neurons of gray matter regions; it was preferentially observed in fibers of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra and in cell bodies of the thalamus and subthalamic nucleus. In white matter regions, tau was abundantly present in oligodendrocytes. Additionally, neuronal pThr231‐tau‐ir was abundant in all brain regions, but not AT8‐ir. Differences in regional and intracellular protein expression were not detected between control subjects and both brain hemispheres of MPTP‐treated animals. Specifically, tau‐ir in the substantia nigra of all subjects colocalized with GABAergic neurons. Overall, this report provides an in‐depth characterization of tau expression in the rhesus macaque brain to facilitate future investigations for understanding and modeling tau pathology in this species.
Retinoic acid promotes differentiation of WiT49‐ but not of CCG99‐11 Wilms tumour cells
Authors: Jansson Caroline , Mengelbier Linda Holmquist 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost children with Wilms tumour are successfully treated with multidrug chemotherapy and surgery. These treatments cause severe side effects for the patients, an issue that needs to be addressed by exploring other treatment options with less or no side effects. One option is to complement current therapies with agents that could potentially induce tumour cell differentiation, for example retinoic acid (RA).AimsTo facilitate quick assessment of an agent's effect on Wilms tumour differentiation by a rapid in vitro model system.Methods and ResultsHere WiT49 and CCG99‐11 Wilms tumour cells were treated with 10 μM RA for 72 h or 9 days. Cultured cells were scraped off from Petri dishes, pelleted and embedded in paraffin in the same way as clinical tumour specimens are preserved. Cell morphology and differentiation were evaluated by analyses of haematoxylin eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical stainings. Based on H&E, WT1 and CKAE1/3 stainings, RA treatment induced further epithelial differentiation of WiT49 cells, whereas there was no sign of induced maturation in CCG99‐11 cells. Ki67 staining showed that RA inhibited cell proliferation in both cell lines.ConclusionsOur study shows that in vitro culturing of WiT49 and CCG99‐11 cells, followed by pelleting and paraffin embedding of cell pellets, could aid in a quick evaluation of potential differentiating agents against Wilms tumour. In addition, our results strengthen previous results that retinoic acid could be a potential complement to regular Wilms tumour treatment.
Malicious code detection based on many‐objective transfer model
Authors: Zhang Binquan , Wu Di , Lan Zhuoxuan , Cui Zhihua , Xie Liping 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWith the rapid growth of malicious codes, personal privacy, and Internet security are seriously threatened. Existing transfer learning‐based malicious code detection improves detection accuracy by transferring pre‐trained neural networks. However, it cannot efficiently tune the structure and parameters of the neural networks. Here, we first propose a novel many‐objective transfer model. It mainly focuses on the detection accuracy and the total number of parameters of the neural network model. The optimal structure and parameters are captured from the pre‐trained neural network by many‐objective optimization algorithm. Second, the partitioned crossover‐mutation vector angle‐based evolutionary algorithm for unconstrained many‐objective optimization is proposed to solve the model. The algorithm performs crossover mutation operations in different ways on different regions of the candidate solution to improve population diversity. The simulation results show that the model can reduce the pre‐trained neural network structure by 49% while maintaining the accuracy in malicious code detection.
Cyber threat intelligence for critical infrastructure security
Authors: Osliak Oleksii , Saracino Andrea , Martinelli Fabio , Mori Paolo 
Published: April 2023

SummaryCyber‐attacks are considered the most significant threat to organizations from different sectors, including critical infrastructure. Access to critical assets, including industrial control systems, and control over their usage is one of the security approaches implemented to protect those systems from unauthorized access. However, existing implementations do not support the enforcement of fine‐grained authorization policies and do not provide continuous control over data access. Furthermore, existing implementations of the access control paradigm require policy‐makers to perform a manual update of policies that do not consider information about potential or ongoing cyber attacks. In this work, we propose a framework that enables continuous control on the execution of access rights in the industrial domain. Furthermore, the framework relies on cyber incident information shared by trusted entities. This information is used for updating security policies in order to prevent possible incidents within the smart factory infrastructure. We also provide experimental results that show the operability and the efficiency of the proposed framework.
Establishing a Disease‐in‐a‐Dish Model to Study SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection During Prenatal Development
Authors: Song Ann , Ona Jack , Osuna Claudia , Phandthong Rattapol , Talbot Prue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMother‐to‐fetus transmission of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus via the placenta has been reported but cannot readily be studied in pregnant women. This protocol describes an in vitro method to investigate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which are similar to epiblast cells in young postimplantation embryos. First, SARS‐CoV‐2 viral pseudoparticles, which contain the spike protein and a fluorescent reporter, are incorporated into a lentivirus backbone that is expanded in HEK 293T cells. Then, an infection assay based on hESCs is used with the viral pseudoparticles. An application of the infection assay in therapeutic drug screening is provided. This protocol allows infection of hESCs by SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudoparticles to be studied in vitro and can be used in conjunction with other assays to understand and potentially prevent infection. hESCs could also be differentiated to study infection in the three germ layers and their fetal cell derivatives. This disease‐in‐a‐dish model could be readily applied to other hESC lines, and to other viral infections, that affect human prenatal development. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparing HEK 293T cells for lentiviral vector transfectionSupport Protocol 1: Visual inspection of transfected HEK 293T cellsBasic Protocol 2: Generating viral pseudoparticlesSupport Protocol 2: Determining viral titer with HEK 293T‐ACE2 cellsBasic Protocol 3: Plating hESCs for the infection assaySupport Protocol 3: Evaluating transduction efficiency
A novel design of basic module‐based multilevel inverter for symmetrical/asymmetrical sources
Authors: Gawhade Pragya , Ojha Amit 
Published: April 2023

SummaryMultilevel inverter is a practical power electronic design that has motivated a great deal of ever‐increasing interest. In this article, a new design of basic module‐based multilevel is proposed. The article conceptualized minimizing the number of power semiconductor devices, losses, and total blocking voltage and hence the cost. The proposed inverter structure consists of both a polarity generator and a level generator unit. To investigate the eminence of the proposed topology, an exhaustive comparative study with other existing topologies is presented. The proposed inverter can be utilized for both symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations. The extended cascaded structure of the proposed topology is discussed for generating a higher level of voltages and five algorithms for asymmetrical configuration are introduced to select input dc voltages. This article presents the operating principle, modulation strategy, total standing voltage calculation, cost function, and losses calculation. The efficacy of the proposed cascaded multilevel inverter has been substantiated experimentally. The proposed structure can be efficiently used in medium‐/high‐voltage applications like electrical drives as well as renewable energy resource‐based grid‐connected systems.
Therapeutic targeting of CNBP phase separation inhibits ribosome biogenesis and neuroblastoma progression via modulating SWI/SNF complex activity
Authors: Hu Anpei , Chen Guo , Bao Banghe , Guo Yanhua , Li Dan , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Jianqun , Li Qilan , Zhou Yi , Gao Haiyang , Song Jiyu , Du Xinyi , Zheng Liduan , Tong Qiangsong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial malignancy in childhood; however, the mechanisms underlying its aggressive characteristics still remain elusive.MethodsIntegrative data analysis was performed to reveal tumour‐driving transcriptional regulators. Co‐immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry assays were applied for protein interaction studies. Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were carried out to explore gene expression regulation. The biological characteristics of NB cell lines were examined via gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays. For survival analysis, the Cox regression model and log‐rank tests were used.ResultsCellular nucleic acid‐binding protein (CNBP) was found to be an independent factor affecting NB outcome, which exerted oncogenic roles in ribosome biogenesis, tumourigenesis and aggressiveness. Mechanistically, karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1) was responsible for nuclear transport of CNBP, whereas liquid condensates of CNBP repressed the activity of switch/sucrose‐nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) core subunits (SMARCC2/SMARCC1/SMARCA4) via interaction with SMARCC2, leading to alternatively increased activity of SMARCC1/SMARCA4 binary complex in facilitating gene expression essential for 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing in tumour cells, extracellular vesicle‐mediated delivery of 18S rRNA and subsequent M2 macrophage polarisation. A cell‐penetrating peptide blocking phase separation and interaction of CNBP with SMARCC2 inhibited ribosome biogenesis and NB progression. High KPNB1, CNBP, SMARCC1 or SMARCA4 expression or low SMARCC2 levels were associated with poor survival of NB patients.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CNBP phase separation is a target for inhibiting ribosome biogenesis and tumour progression in NB via modulating SWI/SNF complex activity.