bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Performance of the Improved Clay Soil on Road Subgrade
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Hailin , Tian Yu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The poor fillings of embankments cause insufficient strength and excessive deformation to road subgrade. This study took a kind of onsite over-wet red clay soil as the research sample with lime and cement as additives to improve it, which could be used as the subgrade filling. Laboratory experiments scanning electron microscopy (SEM), California bearing ratio (CBR), water absorption, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were conducted to analyze the performance of the improved soil. The results showed that the improved clay soil had rich fibrous components, enabling the UCS values of the improved soil to reach greater than 0.6 MPa on average at 6% proportion by weight, which meant a higher strength compared to plain soil. The variation of maximum dry density value and optimum water content value on compaction curves indicated that the improved red clay soil could reduce its sensitivity to water, making it easy to be compacted. With the increase in additive proportion, the CBR values increased while water absorption potential decreased significantly, showing that the improved soil was likely to hold stable humidity for the subgrade without becoming too humid or too dry. The application to road subgrade in the field proved good practicability and performance of the improved clay soil.
Simulation study of machining deformation under different machining strategies of 7055 aluminum plate
Authors: Li Yang , Li Yanan , Yan Hongwei , Shi Guohui , Li Ying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this research, the finite element approach was used to investigate the influence of machining type and machining sequence on the machining deformation of a 7055 aluminum alloy thick plate with an initial residual stress condition. The results reveal that the frame-first machining type produces much less machining distortion than the layer-first machining type. The machining distortion of the thick plate with the end-first connection with the frame-first machining sequence is the smallest. By developing an appropriate machining strategy, the machining distortion of the thick plate may be successfully decreased.
Corrosion Mechanism of Typical Shale Gas Gathering and Transportation Pipelines in Southwest China
Authors: Sun Ming , Cui Wei , Lin Nan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The shale gas surface gathering and transportation pipeline in southwest China has experienced serious internal corrosion, which affects the production of shale gas wells and has great potential safety hazards. To find out the corrosion type and corrosion mechanism, the corrosion analysis and mechanism research of gathering and transportation pipelines are carried out, including corrosion morphology observation, corrosion product analysis, fluid mechanics calculation, etc. The results show that the corrosion products of the gathering and transportation pipeline are mainly FeCO3 with high S content, and the corrosion type is sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and CO2 corrosion. At the same time, the corrosion pits are mainly distributed on the approach stream side, which is closely related to the scouring effect of the medium flow in the vertical branch pipe on the wall surface of the tee. The corrosion weight loss test shows that the corrosion rate of sterile solution is significantly lower than that of bacterium solution, indicating that the presence of SRB significantly expedites the corrosion of materials.
Simulation Study of Composite Insulator Material Defects Based on Microwave Detection
Authors: Xiao Chi , Li Junlin , Wang Pei , Liu Junjie , Zhang Qiwen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) is a kind of raw material used in the manufacture of composite insulator mandrels. If crack defects occur in the composite insulator mandrel, it will eventually lead to brittle fractures, which will cause extremely serious accidents. Aiming at detecting the internal defects of GFRP materials by the microwave reflection method, we carried out a numerical modeling analysis adopting the electromagnetic simulation method. Samples with different depths of defects are used for sweep frequency calculation, and the frequency range is from 18 to 26.5 GHz. A simple method for judging defective GFRP boards and non-defective GFRP boards is obtained. In addition, as the depth of the defect increases, the valley value of the S11 signal increases, and at the same time, the absolute value of the phase change of the signal decreases. The simulation results show that the microwave reflection method is feasible for detecting the defects of composite insulator materials.
Study on tool wear state monitoring based on EEMD information entropy and PSO-SVM
Authors: Dong Delong , Wang Tianzhong , Wang Jinhui , Niu Jintao , Qiao Yang , Wang Xiangyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Tool wear state is closely related to the workpiece surface, so tool wear monitoring has an important engineering significance. This paper proposes a tool for wear monitoring means based on EEMD information entropy and PSO-SVM. Firstly, the force signal of the cutting process collected force by the sensor is decomposed by EEMD, and information entropy of the decomposed signal was used as the tool wear feature quantity. Then the PSO-SVM model was used to classify and identify the extracted tool wear feature quantity, and the recognition accuracy of the method was 97.75%. Compared with BP neural network and SVM model without algorithm optimization, it can quickly and accurately identify three types of tool wear states meanwhile realizing monitoring of tool wear state.
Thermal insulation characteristics of high-temperature heat seals for hypersonic aero-engines
Authors: Li Haiping , Cai Huikun , Du Zhihong , You Yancheng , Zhu Chengxiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The high-temperature baseline sealing thermal protection technology is of great significance to realizing hypersonic aero-engines and aircraft. Based on the fact that there are few studies on the high-temperature baseline heat sealing in the ultra-high temperature environment (above 1000 °C), the paper establishes a simulation model to analyze the influence of different characteristic parameters on the thermal protection performance of the heat seal at ultra-high temperature and carried out experiments. Verification, simulation, and experiment error are less than 6%. The research results show that the aluminum silicate fiber has the best thermal insulation effect in the material of the inner thermal insulation layer, and the temperature can be lowered by more than 900 °C under an environment of 1200 °C. It is used to prepare heat seals. In addition, the filling density and thickness of the inner thermal insulation layer have little influence on the thermal insulation effect, and the influence coefficient does not exceed 5%. In the test of the degree of degradation of the thermal insulation performance of the heat seal, it is found that it does not exceed 5%, which meets the requirements for use. This paper further promotes the development of high-temperature thermal protection technology. It can also provide a corresponding technical basis for developing supersonic aero-engines.
Vascular Stents with Controllable Negative Poisson’s Ratio Based on Energy Homogenization Method
Authors: An Ran , Ge Xueyuan , Wang Miaohui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Based on the energy uniformization method and topology optimization method, a negative Poisson’s ratio generating model was designed. Using the generated cells, a novel negative Poisson’s ratio vascular stent was designed. A finite element model of the expansion process, including the vessel, stent, and balloon, was established. The analysis results showed an obvious tensile deformation pattern. Based on this expansion model, 23 sample points were sampled using the Latin hypercube method. Material parameters were used as variables, and cell equivalent Poisson’s ratio was used as a response. Least squares regression, moving least squares methods, Kriging, and radial basis function response surface models were established, and the fitted surface patterns were consistent with the design. The equivalent Poisson’s ratio measured by the cell was less than 8% different from the theoretical Poisson’s ratio obtained by uniformization.
Evaluation of different classification methods using electronic nose data to diagnose sarcoidosis
Authors: van der Sar Iris G , van Jaarsveld Nynke , Spiekerman Imme A , Toxopeus Floor J , Langens Quint L , Wijsenbeek Marlies S , Dauwels Justin , Moor Catharina C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Electronic nose (eNose) technology is an emerging diagnostic application, using artificial intelligence to classify human breath patterns. These patterns can be used to diagnose medical conditions. Sarcoidosis is an often difficult to diagnose disease, as no standard procedure or conclusive test exists. An accurate diagnostic model based on eNose data could therefore be helpful in clinical decision-making. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of various dimensionality reduction methods and classifiers in order to design an accurate diagnostic model for sarcoidosis. Various methods of dimensionality reduction and multiple hyperparameter optimised classifiers were tested and cross-validated on a dataset of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (n = 224) and other interstitial lung disease (n = 317). Best performing methods were selected to create a model to diagnose patients with sarcoidosis. Nested cross-validation was applied to calculate the overall diagnostic performance. A classification model with feature selection and random forest (RF) classifier showed the highest accuracy. The overall diagnostic performance resulted in an accuracy of 87.1% and area-under-the-curve of 91.2%. After comparing different dimensionality reduction methods and classifiers, a highly accurate model to diagnose a patient with sarcoidosis using eNose data was created. The RF classifier and feature selection showed the best performance. The presented systematic approach could also be applied to other eNose datasets to compare methods and select the optimal diagnostic model.
Local strategies towards 100% renewable energy cities and regions for West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Gokarn Kanak , Steingrube Annette , Sen Rohit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Much of the focus in the global transition towards renewable energy, a key steppingstone towards achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, has been on the national and international levels. This focus tends to hide the immense variation present at the sub-national level. Local and regional governments are critical actors in the energy transition, and their involvement is crucial as they are ideally placed to guide their respective communities and to ensure that this transition is just, equitable and inclusive. Even though they may show the ability and ambition, the need for effective multilevel governance and enabling national policy frameworks to channel resources to the local and regional levels is more urgent than ever. Through the 100% Renewables Cities and Regions Roadmap project, the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) in Indonesia has chosen to aim to achieve one hundred percent renewable energy use in its territory by 2050 on the way to net-zero emissions. This paper discusses the results of the energy systems modelling conducted in NTB that presents a viable pathway towards this goal, which forms the basis of further recommendations and ways forward for the province in terms of priority sectors and actions.
Chemical components from the bark layers of Eucalyptus pellita F Muell.
Authors: Andika R , Himmi SK , Ismayati M , Sari RK , Arinana A , Tjahyono B , Tarmadi D , Guswenrivo I , Adi DS , Imanullah A , Krishanti NPRA , Iqbal A , Tobimatsu Y , Yusuf S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The utilization of E. pellita bark as waste is still not widely carried out due to a lack of information about the chemical content. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze the chemical content of the bark of E. pellita using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PyGCMS). The results showed the total extractive content of E. pellita’s inner bark, outer bark, and mix-bark was 12.17%, 16.19%, and 14.85%, respectively. The holocellulose content of E. pellita mix-bark was 65.45%, while the inner bark and outer bark were 60.68% and 59.29%, respectively. The alpha-cellulose content of E. pellita bark was 57.97%, while the inner and outer barks were 56.43% and 54.14%; the lignin content of the clason mix-bark of E. pellita was 25.39%, and for the inner bark and outer bark were 28% and 26.72%, respectively. The results of pyGCMS showed that the extractives of the bark of E. pellita were catechol, 3-methyl-catechol, resorcinol, 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxytoluene, and (E)-3,3′-Dimethoxy-4,4′-dihydroxystilbene
Aligning “Energy Culture” as Part of Sustainable Tourism Ideas
Authors: Rudiany NP , Isnarti R , Ramadhan I , Kusumawardhana I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The idea of sustainable tourism is closely related to the aspects of the economy, environment and socio-cultural. In short, sustainable tourism aims to economically empower the people in potential tourism areas without disturbing the balance of natural biodiversity and the established social relations among them. Along with sustainable tourism development, governments are also eager to speed up the use of renewable energy in tourism sites. However, the government tends to increase the installation of modern infrastructure to produce renewable energy for tourist areas. As a consequence, the development of sustainable tourism requires more budget and technical coordination between stakeholders, while it might affect the safety of local people. This research proposes the term “energy culture” as an integral part of sustainable tourism. In this concept, the related parties shall encourage the utilization of the energy source from local potential. This energy culture will strengthen the value of sustainability in developing tourist attractions. It helps preserve the material culture of energy, norms, and practices to provide a sustainable energy source to the people.
Synthesis and characterization of liposomes encapsulating silver nanoprisms obtained by millifluidic-based production for drug delivery
Authors: Yanar Fatih , Kimpton Harriet , Cristaldi Domenico Andrea , Mosayyebi Ali , Carugo Dario , Zhang Xunli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Silver nanoprisms (SNPs) have attracted significant attention due to their surface plasmon resonance behaviour, which is strongly dependent on their size and shape. The enhanced light absorption and scattering capacity of SNPs, make them a promising candidate system for non-invasive imaging and drug delivery in nanoparticle-assisted diagnostics and therapy. However, systemic administration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at high concentrations may result in toxic side-effects, arising from non-targeted bio-distribution. These drawbacks could be mitigated by employing liposomes as carriers for AgNPs. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on production and subsequent physico-chemical characterisation of liposomal systems encapsulating SNPs. The present study therefore investigated the synthesis of liposomes encapsulating SNPs (Lipo/SNPs) using a continuous-flow millimetre-scale reactor, whereby liposome formation was governed by a solvent exchange mechanism. An aqueous phase and an ethanolic lipid phase were conveyed through two separate inlet channels, and subsequently travelled through a serpentine-shaped channel where mixing between the two phases took place. The synthesis process was optimised by varying both liposome formulation and the operating fluidic parameters, including the ratio between inlet flow rates (or flow rate ratio) and the total flow rate. The obtained Lipo/SNPs were characterised for their size and electrostatic charge, using a dynamic light scattering apparatus. Liposome morphology and encapsulation efficiency of SNPs within liposomes were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. The synthesised negatively charged Lipo/SNP samples were found to have an average size of ∼150 nm (size dispersity < 0.3). The AgNPs encapsulation efficiency was equal to 77.48%, with mostly single SNPs encapsulated in liposomes. By using a multiangle TEM imaging approach, quasi-3D images were obtained, further confirming the encapsulation of nanoparticles within liposomes. Overall, the formulation and production technique developed in the present study has potential to contribute towards mitigating challenges associated with AgNP-mediated drug delivery and diagnostics.
Functionally graded materials: review on manufacturing by Liquid and gas based techniques
Authors: Ramesh M , Karthik A , Jafrey Daniel James D , Karthik Pandiyan G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
New materials called functionally graded materials (FGMs) have qualities that gradually alter in relation to their dimensions. This collection of materials represents a significant advancement over earlier composite material. FGM is made up of two or more components that work together to produce the qualities necessary for the intended use. This article provides an overview of the various FGM classifications, fabrication techniques (gas based and liquid based), and applications. The problems associated with the manufacturing of FGM are addressed in the study. This paper also reviews the present state of knowledge in the areas of selection of material, manufacturing process, characterization studies, and modelling of FGM. The potential applications of the FGM, with their advantages and disadvantages, are discussed in this paper. The proposed new primary paths for FGMs research are based on the categories that have been presented and the most recent improvements in analysis and production methods.
Electro-localization method using a muscle conductive phantom for needle position detection towards medical training
Authors: Gomez-Tames Jose , Yu Wenwei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Simulation in healthcare can help train, improve, and evaluate medical personnel’s skills. In the case of needle insertion/manipulation inside the muscle during an nEMG examination, a training simulator Requires estimating the position of the needle to output the electrical muscle activity in real time according to the training plan. External cameras can be used to estimate the needle location; however, different error sources can make its implementation difficult and new medical sensing technologies are needed. This study introduces and demonstrates the feasibility of a conductive phantom that serves as the medium for needle insertion and senses the 3D needle position based on a technique named electro-localization for the first time. The proposed conductive phantom is designed so that different voltage distributions are generated in the phantom using electrodes placed on its borders. The needle is inserted in the phantom, and the recorded voltages are mapped to spatial coordinates using a finite element method (FEM)-based computational model of the conductive phantom to estimate the 3D needle tip position. Experimental and simulation results of phantom voltage distributions agreed. In 2D mapping (no depth consideration), the needle position error was 1.7 mm, which was marginally reduced if only the central area of the phantom was used (1.5 mm). In 3D mapping, the error was 4 mm. This study showed the feasibility of using a conductive muscle phantom as a new embedded sensor that estimates needle position for medical training of nEMG without relying on external sensors.
Benchmarking multi-platform sequencing technologies for human genome assembly
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Veldsman Werner Pieter , Fang Xiaodong , Huang Yufen , Xie Xuefeng , Lyu Aiping , Zhang Lu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Genome assembly is a computational technique that involves piecing together deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments generated by sequencing technologies to create a comprehensive and precise representation of the entire genome. Generating a high-quality human reference genome is a crucial prerequisite for comprehending human biology, and it is also vital for downstream genomic variation analysis. Many efforts have been made over the past few decades to create a complete and gapless reference genome for humans by using a diverse range of advanced sequencing technologies. Several available tools are aimed at enhancing the quality of haploid and diploid human genome assemblies, which include contig assembly, polishing of contig errors, scaffolding and variant phasing. Selecting the appropriate tools and technologies remains a daunting task despite several studies have investigated the pros and cons of different assembly strategies. The goal of this paper was to benchmark various strategies for human genome assembly by combining sequencing technologies and tools on two publicly available samples (NA12878 and NA24385) from Genome in a Bottle. We then compared their performances in terms of continuity, accuracy, completeness, variant calling and phasing. We observed that PacBio HiFi long-reads are the optimal choice for generating an assembly with low base errors. On the other hand, we were able to produce the most continuous contigs with Oxford Nanopore long-reads, but they may require further polishing to improve on quality. We recommend using short-reads rather than long-reads themselves to improve the base accuracy of contigs from Oxford Nanopore long-reads. Hi-C is the best choice for chromosome-level scaffolding because it can capture the longest-range DNA connectedness compared to 10× linked-reads and Bionano optical maps. However, a combination of multiple technologies can be used to further improve the quality and completeness of genome assembly. For diploid assembly, hifiasm is the best tool for human diploid genome assembly using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C data. Looking to the future, we expect that further advancements in human diploid assemblers will leverage the power of PacBio HiFi reads and other technologies with long-range DNA connectedness to enable the generation of high-quality, chromosome-level and haplotype-resolved human genome assemblies.