bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic 18F-Pretomanid PET imaging in animal models of TB meningitis and human studies
Authors: Mota Filipa , Ruiz-Bedoya Camilo A. , Tucker Elizabeth W. , Holt Daniel P. , De Jesus Patricia , Lodge Martin A. , Erice Clara , Chen Xueyi , Bahr Melissa , Flavahan Kelly , Kim John , Brosnan Mary Katherine , Ordonez Alvaro A. , Peloquin Charles A. , Dannals Robert F. , Jain Sanjay K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPretomanid is a nitroimidazole antimicrobial active against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and approved in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid (BPaL) to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, the penetration of these antibiotics into the central nervous system (CNS), and the efficacy of the BPaL regimen for TB meningitis, are not well established. Importantly, there is a lack of efficacious treatments for TB meningitis due to MDR strains, resulting in high mortality. We have developed new methods to synthesize 18F-pretomanid (chemically identical to the antibiotic) and performed cross-species positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to noninvasively measure pretomanid concentration-time profiles. Dynamic PET in mouse and rabbit models of TB meningitis demonstrates excellent CNS penetration of pretomanid but cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels does not correlate with those in the brain parenchyma. The bactericidal activity of the BPaL regimen in the mouse model of TB meningitis is substantially inferior to the standard TB regimen, likely due to restricted penetration of bedaquiline and linezolid into the brain parenchyma. Finally, first-in-human dynamic 18F-pretomanid PET in six healthy volunteers demonstrates excellent CNS penetration of pretomanid, with significantly higher levels in the brain parenchyma than in CSF. These data have important implications for developing new antibiotic treatments for TB meningitis.
Metagenomic analysis reveals unexplored diversity of archaeal virome in the human gut
Authors: Li Ran , Wang Yongming , Hu Han , Tan Yan , Ma Yingfei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe human gut microbiome has been extensively explored, while the archaeal viruses remain largely unknown. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the archaeal viruses from the human gut metagenomes and the existing virus collections using the CRISPR spacer and viral signature-based approach. This results in 1279 viral species, of which, 95.2% infect Methanobrevibacteria_A, 56.5% shared high identity (>95%) with the archaeal proviruses, 37.2% have a host range across archaeal species, and 55.7% are highly prevalent in the human population (>1%). A methanogenic archaeal virus-specific gene for pseudomurein endoisopeptidase (PeiW) frequently occurs in the viral sequences (n = 150). Analysis of 33 Caudoviricetes viruses with a complete genome often discovers the genes (integrase, n = 29; mazE, n = 10) regulating the viral lysogenic-lytic cycle, implying the dominance of temperate viruses in the archaeal virome. Together, our work uncovers the unexplored diversity of archaeal viruses, revealing the novel facet of the human gut microbiome.
The phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein Nir3 promotes PI(4,5)P2 replenishment in response to TCR signaling during T cell development and survival
Authors: Lu Wen , Helou Ynes A. , Shrinivas Krishna , Liou Jen , Au-Yeung Byron B. , Weiss Arthur 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ1) represents a critical step in T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling and subsequent thymocyte and T cell responses. PIP2 replenishment following its depletion in the plasma membrane (PM) is dependent on delivery of its precursor phosphatidylinositol (PI) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the PM. We show that a PI transfer protein (PITP), Nir3 (Pitpnm2), promotes PIP2 replenishment following TCR stimulation and is important for T cell development. In Nir3–/– T lineage cells, the PIP2 replenishment following TCR stimulation is slower. Nir3 deficiency attenuates calcium mobilization in double-positive (DP) thymocytes in response to weak TCR stimulation. This impaired TCR signaling leads to attenuated thymocyte development at TCRβ selection and positive selection as well as diminished mature T cell fitness in Nir3–/– mice. This study highlights the importance of PIP2 replenishment mediated by PITPs at ER-PM junctions during TCR signaling.
A quantum-like cognitive approach to modeling human biased selection behavior
Authors: Meghdadi Aghdas , Akbarzadeh-T M. R. , Javidan Kurosh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCognitive biases of the human mind significantly influence the human decision-making process. However, they are often neglected in modeling selection behaviors and hence deemed irrational. Here, we introduce a cognitive quantum-like approach for modeling human biases by simulating society as a quantum system and using a Quantum-like Bayesian network (QBN) structure. More specifically, we take inspiration from the electric field to improve our recent entangled QBN approach to model the initial bias due to unequal probabilities in parent nodes. Entangled QBN structure is particularly suitable for modeling bias behavior due to changing the state of systems with each observation and considering every decision-maker an integral part of society rather than an isolated agent. Hence, biases caused by emotions between agents or past personal experiences are also modeled by the social entanglement concept motivated by entanglement in quantum physics. In this regard, we propose a bias potential function and a new quantum-like entanglement witness in Hilbert space to introduce a biased variant of the entangled QBN (BEQBN) model based on quantum probability. The predictive BEQBN is evaluated on two well-known empirical tasks. Results indicate the superiority of the BEQBN by achieving the first rank compared to classical BN and six QBN approaches and presenting more realistic predictions of human behaviors.
Psychometric properties of the learning perception questionnaire in Mexican’s students
Authors: Baños Raúl , Machado-Parra Juan Pablo , Arrayales-Millán Emilio , Baena-Extremera Antonio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the learning perception questionnaire (CPA) presented in this research. It was administered to a total of 1496 students in Baja California and Nuevo León, of the total sample, 748 were girls (Mage = 14.0, SD = 0.3), and 748 boys (Age = 14.1, SD = 0.3). The analyses support the hypothesized theoretical model of origin, presenting an acceptable internal consistency and temporal stability. The model fit data was excellent; furthermore, the examined model meets the convergent validity requirements. External validity was explored by examining the predictive relationship of the scale studied with Satisfaction with School. The CPA has a strong predictive relationship with student satisfaction/fun in class, while it is negative with boredom. Thus, the higher the perception of learning, the less likely that students will be bored in class. It is concluded, therefore, that the CPA scale is a proven instrument and that it serves to assess the perception of key learning by secondary school students.
Thermometry of stored molecular ion beams
Authors: Shahi Abhishek , Sharma Deepak , Kumar Sunil , Mishra Saurabh , Rahinov Igor , Heber Oded , Zajfman Daniel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe radiative cooling of a stored, initially rotationally hot OH$$^{-}$$

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ion beam is probed by photodetachment using an electrostatic ion beam trap combined with an in-trap velocity map imaging spectrometer, providing direct measurement of the time-dependent rotational population. The rotational temperatures are estimated from photodetached electron spectra as a function of time using a Boltzmann distribution model and further verified by a rate law model using known Einstein coefficients. We demonstrate that during the entire cooling time, the rotational population can be well described by a Boltzmann distribution.
The rhizospheric bacterial diversity of Fritillaria taipaiensis under single planting pattern over five years
Authors: Zhou You , Mu Maojun , Yang Min , Yang Xiaohong , Zhang Hua , Guo Dongqin , Zhou Nong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRhizospheric microorganisms can profoundly influence the nutritional status of soil and the growth of plant. To reveal the change on the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of Fritillaria taipaiensis under long-term single planting, the bacterial community structure in the rhizospheric soils of F. taipaiensis with different cultivation years from 1 to 5 were analyzed. The result showed the Chao1 and the ACE indices of the bacterial community had no significant difference among samples while the Shannon and Simpson indices declined with the cutivation year; the intra group beta diversity of the rhizospheric bacteria increased after a initial decline with the cultivation year; in the sample with 1 year of cultivation, the dominant bacterial genera were mainly the species that can improve the soil nutrient status and promote plant growth while with the increase of cultivation year, the dominant genera in samples then gradually reflected the pathogen accumulation and soil nutrient status deterioration; pH was the most significant factor affected by the bacterial community composition. These results indicated long term continuous cropping changed the bacterial community structure and soil nutritional status in the F. taipaiensis rhizospheric soils, which could badly affect its growth.
Collective behavior of soft self-propelled disks with rotational inertia
Authors: De Karmakar Soumen , Chugh Anshika , Ganesh Rajaraman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigate collective properties of a large system of soft self-propelled inertial disks with active Langevin dynamics simulation in two dimensions. Rotational inertia of the disks is found to favor motility induced phase separation (MIPS), due to increased effective persistence of the disks. The MIPS phase diagram in the parameter space of rotational inertia and disk softness is reported over a range of values of translation inertia and self-propulsion strength of the disks. Our analytical prediction of the phase boundary between the homogeneous (no-MIPS) and MIPS state in the limit of small and large rotational inertia is found to agree with the numerical data over a large range of translational inertia. Shape of the high density MIPS phase is found to change from circular to rectangular one as the system moves away from the phase boundary. Structural and dynamical properties of the system, measured by several physical quantities, are found to be invariant in the central region of the high density MIPS phase, whereas they are found to vary gradually near the peripheral region of the high density phase. Importantly, the width of the peripheral region near the phase boundary is much larger compared to the narrow peripheral region far away from the phase boundary. Rich dynamics of the disks inside the high density MIPS phase is addressed. Spatial correlation of velocity of the disks is found to increase with rotational inertia and disk hardness. However, temporal correlation of the disks’ velocity is found to be a function of rotational inertia, while it is independent of disk softness.
Biases in human perception of facial age are present and more exaggerated in current AI technology
Authors: Ganel Tzvi , Sofer Carmel , Goodale Melvyn A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOur estimates of a person’s age from their facial appearance suffer from several well-known biases and inaccuracies. Typically, for example, we tend to overestimate the age of smiling faces compared to those with a neutral expression, and the accuracy of our estimates decreases for older faces. The growing interest in age estimation using artificial intelligence (AI) technology raises the question of how AI compares to human performance and whether it suffers from the same biases. Here, we compared human performance with the performance of a large sample of the most prominent AI technology available today. The results showed that AI is even less accurate and more biased than human observers when judging a person’s age—even though the overall pattern of errors and biases is similar. Thus, AI overestimated the age of smiling faces even more than human observers did. In addition, AI showed a sharper decrease in accuracy for faces of older adults compared to faces of younger age groups, for smiling compared to neutral faces, and for female compared to male faces. These results suggest that our estimates of age from faces are largely driven by particular visual cues, rather than high-level preconceptions. Moreover, the pattern of errors and biases we observed could provide some insights for the design of more effective AI technology for age estimation from faces.
Calculation of hole spacing and surrounding rock damage analysis under the action of in situ stress and joints
Authors: Tian Xingchao , Tao Tiejun , Liu Xia , Jia Jian , Xie Caijin , Lou Qianxing , Chen Qingzhi , Zhao Zhenhua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn situ stress and joints have a significant impact on the propagation and attenuation pattern of blast stress waves, and they are two important factors that must be considered for tunnel blasting hole network deployment. This paper proposes a blast stress wave attenuation equation and a peripheral hole distance calculation method under the combined action of in situ stress and joints. First, the static and dynamic parameters of the jointed slate are obtained by drilling core samples in the field and conducting indoor tests. Next, considering the geometric and physical attenuation of the blast stress wave, the attenuation formula of the blast stress wave under the combined action of in situ stress and joints is derived. Based on the theory of the combined action of stress waves and explosive gas, a formula for calculating the peripheral hole distance that integrates the effects of in situ stress, joints, and tensile strength of the rock body is proposed. Finally, LS-PREPOST software is used to analyze the damage to the surrounding rock, verified by an on-site blasting test. The results show that the blast stress wave attenuation formula proposed in this paper can accurately predict the stress wave peak value under the combined action of in situ stress and joints. Combining the geological conditions and blasting parameters of the Bayueshan Tunnel study section, the optimal peripheral hole spacing is calculated to be 45 cm. The average over-excavation value of the grade IV surrounding rock is controlled within 22 cm and the over-consumption of concrete per linear meter is controlled within 100% using the peripheral hole layout method and the hole network layout parameters proposed in this paper. The research results provide a reference for the control of over-excavation and under-excavation in large-section tunnel blasting.
The occurrence and molecular identification of Thelazia spp. in European bison (Bison bonasus) in the Bieszczady Mountains
Authors: Filip-Hutsch Katarzyna , Laskowski Zdzisław , Myczka Anna W. , Czopowicz Michał , Moskwa Bożena , Demiaszkiewicz Aleksander W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInfection with Thelazia nematodes results in eye disease in wild and domestic animals. The aim of the present study was to describe the occurrence of Thelazia nematodes in European bison, and to subject the isolated parasites to molecular identification and phylogenetical analysis. The eyeballs of 18 European bison from the Bieszczady Mountains, culled due to dysfunctional vision, were collected for study. The conjunctival sacs, tear ducts, corneal surface and nictitating membrane were rinsed with a saline solution. Any obtained nematodes were isolated under a stereoscopic microscope, and then identified as T. gulosa or T. skrjabini by molecular analysis of partial cox1 sequences. The prevalence of infection with Thelazia spp. was found to be 61%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) of 39–80%. Thelazia skrjabini was isolated from 56% (CI 95% 34–75%) of examined animals; T. gulosa was significantly less common (p = 0.038) with the prevalence of infection reaching 22% (CI 95% 9–45%). Three European bison were cross-infected with both T. gulosa and T. skrjabini. Phylogenetic analysis found the obtained sequences to be similar to those of Thelazia species from domestic ungulates in Europe. Infection intensity ranged from 1 to 16 nematodes per individual (median of three nematodes), and was significantly higher in females (6 nematodes) than in males (1 nematode; p = 0.019). A tendency for seasonal occurrence of nematodes in European bison was also observed. Our study provides further information regarding the patterns of Thelazia transmission in European bison in Poland.
Secular trends and age-period-cohort effect on adverse perinatal outcomes in Hubei, China (2011–2019)
Authors: Li Hui , Shi Yuanmei , Ahmed Zahoor , khan Abbas , Xu Kang , Yin Xiaoping , Nawsherwan  , Zhang Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe increasing trend in the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes is a public health concern globally as well as in China. However, the causes of the increasing trend are not well understood. The present tertiary-hospital-based retrospective study (2011–2019) aims to determine the secular trends and age-period-cohort effect on adverse perinatal outcomes in Hubei, China. The age-standardized incidence rates of adverse perinatal outcomes significantly decreased such as preterm births by 22% [AAPC − 3.4% (95% CI − 7.8, − 1.2)], low birth weight (LBW) by 28.5% [AAPC − 4.7% (95% CI − 6.0, − 3.3)], and fetal distress by 64.2% [AAPC − 14.0% (95% CI − 17.8, − 10.0)] during 2011–2019. Both extremes of maternal age groups (18–20 years and 42–44 years) had a higher risk ratio for adverse perinatal outcomes including preterm birth, perinatal mortality, LBW, low ponderal index (LPI), low Apgar score, and congenital defect compared to the reference age group (30–32 years). A higher risk ratio for perinatal mortality, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and fetal distress and a lower risk ratio for preterm births and LBW were observed in the period 2017–2019. Both the young cohort (1997–1999) and the old cohort (1976–1969) had a higher risk ratio for preterm birth, perinatal mortality, macrosomia, and congenital defect compared to the reference cohort (1982–1984). In conclusion, some of the adverse perinatal outcomes incidence significantly decreased in the last 9 years in Hubei. However, extremes of maternal age groups and both young and old cohorts were associated with a higher risk of preterm birth, perinatal mortality, and congenital defect.
Axl receptor induces efferocytosis, dampens M1 macrophage responses and promotes heart pathology in Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Authors: Rigoni Thaís S. , Vellozo Natália S. , Guimarães-Pinto Kamila , Cabral-Piccin Mariela , Fabiano-Coelho Laryssa , Matos-Silva Thayane C. , Filardy Alessandra A. , Takiya Christina M. , Lopes Marcela F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdaptive immunity controlsTrypanosoma cruziinfection, but the protozoan parasite persists and causes Chagas disease. T cells undergo apoptosis, and the efferocytosis of apoptotic cells might suppress macrophages and exacerbate parasite infection. Nonetheless, the receptors involved in the efferocytosis of apoptotic lymphocytes during infection remain unknow. Macrophages phagocytose apoptotic cells by using the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) family of receptors. To address how the efferocytosis of apoptotic cells affects macrophage-mediated immunity, we employ here Axl receptor- and Mer receptor-deficient mouse strains. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), both Axl and Mer receptors play a role in the efferocytosis of proapoptotic T cells fromT. cruzi-infected mice. Moreover, treatment with a TAM receptor inhibitor blocks efferocytosis and upregulates M1 hallmarks induced by immune T cells from infected mice. Remarkably, the use of Axl−/−but not Mer−/−macrophages increases T-cell-induced M1 responses, such as nitric oxide production and control of parasite infection. Furthermore, infected Axl−/−mice show reduced peak parasitemia, defective efferocytosis, improved M1 responses, and ameliorated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Therefore, Axl induces efferocytosis, disrupts M1 responses, and promotes parasite infection and pathology in experimental Chagas disease. Axl stands as a potential host-direct target for switching macrophage phenotypes in infectious diseases.
Vocabulary Acquisition and Usage for Late Talkers: The Feasibility of a Caregiver-Implemented Telehealth Model
Authors: Mettler Heidi M. , Neiling Sarah Lynn , Figueroa Cecilia R. , Evans-Reitz Nora , Alt Mary 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
This feasibility study examined a caregiver-implemented telehealth model of the Vocabulary Acquisition and Usage for Late Talkers (VAULT) protocol. We asked whether caregivers could reach fidelity on VAULT, if the protocol was socially and ecologically valid, and if late-talking toddlers could learn new words with this model.

Method:
Five late-talking monolingual and bilingual toddlers and four caregivers participated. The caregiver-related research questions involved measurements taken at multiple time points and replication across subjects but did not follow a specific research design. The toddler-related research questions included elements of a single-case design. Caregivers completed self-paced online training modules and then provided 8 weeks of VAULT to their children with remote coaching. Fidelity data were collected during coached sessions and through rating scales. Social and ecological validity data were collected via surveys and interviews. Children's word learning was measured before, during, and after treatment via production of targets and controls and via standardized vocabulary inventories.

Results:

Caregivers demonstrated high fidelity to VAULT throughout treatment. They reported being comfortable with many aspects of VAULT. Feedback was mixed regarding the time required. Many reported their child was talking more as a result of the program. Visual analysis revealed that toddlers learned more target than control words, which was corroborated by Tau-U and
d
effect size analyses.

Conclusion:
A caregiver-implemented telehealth model of VAULT was feasible, was socially and ecologically valid, and benefited toddlers, making this a worthwhile model for future studies to examine.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21753872
Communication‐aware distributed rebalancing for cooperative car‐sharing service
Authors: Hayashi Naoki , Sakurama Kazunori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study presents a cooperative car‐sharing system in which various service providers jointly operate a sharing service. A distributed algorithm is proposed for rebalancing control to reduce deadhead vehicles as much as possible under the constraints of dispatchable vehicles and parking slots at car stations. Each provider cooperatively searches for the optimal solution by exchanging the estimated values of the optimal dual solutions over the communication networks between providers. Event‐driven communication is considered in which information exchange with the neighboring providers is performed only when the amount of change of the estimated optimal dual solution exceeds a threshold. Numerical instances explain that the estimations of all service providers meet the optimal rebalancing solutions.