bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemoglobin levels and outcomes of subgroups of patients with pre‐operative anaemia based on red cell size: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Benediktsson Sigurdur B. , Karason Sigurbergur , Sigurdsson Martin I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPre‐operative anaemia is common and associated with adverse outcomes. We hypothesised that pre‐operative anaemia would be evident more than 1 month pre‐operatively, and that peri‐operative changes in haemoglobin and post‐operative outcomes differed between red cell size‐based subsets of anaemia.MethodsA retrospective single‐centre cohort study, including all patients 18 years and older undergoing their first surgery at Landspitali between January 2006 and December 2018 with available measurement of haemoglobin (Hb) within 30 days preceding surgery. Clinical data were compared between patients with subgroups of anaemia classified by mean corpuscular volume (MCV) into microcytic (MCV < 80 fl), normocytic (MCV 80–100 fl), and macrocytic (MCV > 100 fl) anaemia. The development of haemoglobin measurements from a nationwide database was plotted from 1 year pre‐operatively to 2 years post‐operatively.ResultsOf 40,979 patients, 10,505 (25.6%) had pre‐operative anaemia, of which 1089 (10.4%) had microcytic anaemia, 9243 (88.0%) had normocytic anaemia, and 173 (1.6%) had macrocytic anaemia. Patients within all subgroups of pre‐operative anaemia had a higher degree of comorbidity and frailty burden and a low haemoglobin evident for more than 100 days pre‐operatively and similar changes post‐operatively. Post‐operative prolonged recovery of haemoglobin was slower for macrocytic anaemia than other types of anaemia. All groups of patients with anaemia had a higher incidence of 30‐day mortality, acute kidney injury, and rate of readmission compared with patients without anaemia.ConclusionsPre‐operative anaemia is evident long prior to the procedure and its association with worse outcomes is similar regardless of red cell size.
SMART choice (knee) tool: a patient‐focused predictive model to predict improvement in health‐related quality of life after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Zhou Yushy , Dowsey Michelle , Spelman Tim , Choong Peter , Schilling Chris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent predictive tools for TKA focus on clinicians rather than patients as the intended user. The purpose of this study was to develop a patient‐focused model to predict health‐related quality of life outcomes at 1‐year post‐TKA.MethodsPatients who underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis from a tertiary institutional registry after January 2006 were analysed. The primary outcome was improvement after TKA defined by the minimal clinically important difference in utility score at 1‐year post‐surgery. Potential predictors included demographic information, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, and patient‐reported outcome measures. Four models were developed, including both conventional statistics and machine learning (artificial intelligence) methods: logistic regression, classification tree, extreme gradient boosted trees, and random forest models. Models were evaluated using discrimination and calibration metrics.ResultsA total of 3755 patients were included in the study. The logistic regression model performed the best with respect to both discrimination (AUC = 0.712) and calibration (intercept = −0.083, slope = 1.123, Brier score = 0.202). Less than 2% (n = 52) of the data were missing and therefore removed for complete case analysis. The final model used age (categorical), sex, baseline utility score, and baseline Veterans‐RAND 12 responses as predictors.ConclusionThe logistic regression model performed better than machine learning algorithms with respect to AUC and calibration plot. The logistic regression model was well calibrated enough to stratify patients into risk deciles based on their likelihood of improvement after surgery. Further research is required to evaluate the performance of predictive tools through pragmatic clinical trials.Level of EvidenceLevel II, decision analysis.
China's strategic distastes for Korea in the Indo‐Pacific strategy: Major concerns and countermeasures
Authors: Choo Jaewoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChina sees South Korea's full access will perfect the Indo‐Pacific strategy, dealing a detrimental blow to its national security interests for three reasons, geography, economics, and defense. The Indo‐Pacific strategy is also a strategy based on network building. However, the inherent nature of the network limits the membership to allies, “like‐minded states,” and supporters to the rule‐based order. While Korea still holds reservations about making a full‐fledged commitment to the strategy, China is to do its utmost including coercive measures to prevent it from joining it. In this light, the article will first analyze the reasons why China opposes Korea joining the strategy. China's strategic interest against the Indo‐Pacific strategy will be inferred to substantiate its objection to Korea's participation. The article will also explain the imperatives for Korea to join the strategy. It will conclude with some remarks that can help the United States. induce Korea's commitment and vice versa.
Adolescent chronic pain links parental rejection to young adult biopsychosocial problems
Authors: Wickrama Kandauda A. S. , Wickrama Thulitha , Sutton Tara E. , Lee Tae Kyoung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the mediating role of adolescent chronic pain in the connection between adolescent parental rejection and psychosocial and physical health (i.e., disease risk) outcomes in young adulthood (YA). To address this gap, the present study tested a model of a successively contingent developmental process that integrates neurophysiological research and the life course developmental perspective. The model included parental rejection and chronic pain in adolescence and depressive symptoms, low education attainment, economic hardship and allostatic load in YA. The study utilized 13 years of prospective data from a nationally representative sample of 11,030 US adolescents. The findings largely supported the hypothesized model. Adolescent chronic pain, as influenced by parental rejection, was associated with depressive symptoms and economic hardship in YA. In addition, parental rejection directly influenced depressive symptoms, education level and economic hardship, all of which, in turn, contributed to greater physical health risk (i.e., allostatic load) in YA. These associations persisted even after controlling for adolescent illness, depressive symptoms, age, sex and race/ethnicity. Multi‐group analysis showed that female participants were more vulnerable to stressful parental rejection and socioeconomic difficulties in YA. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Identification, diversity and host specificity of the wood‐decay fungi in major sawmill depots of north‐eastern Bangladesh
Authors: Ador Md. Ahosan Habib , Ahmed Romel , Khatun Rahela , Rahman Md. Aliur , Haque Mohammed Masum Ul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe study was carried out to identify wood‐decay fungi, and quantify the diversity and host preferences of the fungi in major sawmill depots in north‐eastern Bangladesh. A total of 23 fungal species belonging to 15 genera in seven families were recorded and identified. The Polyporaceae was the most dominant family, while Schizophyllum commune was the most abundant species among all species recorded. Other commonly observed fungal species were Daldinia concentrica, Trametes versicolor, Trametes coccinea and Flavodon flavus. The Simpson diversity index (0.93) and Shannon–Wiener index (2.90) showed a wide distribution of the wood‐decay fungi in the study areas. The species diversity index (0.036), species evenness index (0.92) and species richness index (3.40) indicated a diverse distribution of the fungal species. Two‐thirds of the identified fungal species showed significant preferences for their hosts. The host vulnerability was found to be significantly affected by storage facility, duration of storage, depot yard condition, treated or non‐treated wood and shade facility. The findings of this work may help sawmill owners to utilize a scientific approach to management of logs and timber stored in depots, to minimize fungal decay before incurring any economic loss.
Multidecadal trends in ultraviolet radiation, temperature, and dissolved oxygen have altered vertical habitat availability for Daphnia in temperate Lake Giles, USA
Authors: Pilla Rachel M. , Williamson Craig E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Long‐term browning has resulted in increases in dissolved organic carbon and reduced water clarity that have altered the vertical physical structure of many lake ecosystems. The primary responses include reduced ultraviolet (UV) penetration, warming surface waters, and decreased deepwater dissolved oxygen concentrations that interactively alter vertical habitat suitability for zooplankton.

Over 3 decades, Daphnia populations have decreased in abundance and shallowed in their vertical distribution in temperate Lake Giles (Pennsylvania, USA). Using 3 decades of corresponding long‐term vertical profile data of UV radiation, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen, we modelled both the suitable vertical habitat and thermally optimal habitat for Daphnia to understand the potential role of habitat availability for their population dynamics.

The vertical extent of suitable habitat increased over time primarily due to strong decreases in UV penetration. In contrast, thermally optimal habitat decreased due to strong increases in vertical thermal gradients that were especially strong in late summer.

The vertical distribution of Daphnia became shallower over this time period and may be a response to lower UV exposure near the surface, but continued warming of surface waters and decreasing deepwater dissolved oxygen concentrations are likely to lead to a vertical habitat squeeze.

The biological implications of long‐term browning require more attention due to the complex and important implications for population dynamics, species interactions, and food web structure in lakes.
Fumonisin reduction using fungicides in forage corn cultivation
Authors: Uegaki Ryuichi , Uchino Hiroshi , Wasada Haruyo , Suga Haruhisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the possibility of a reduced‐fumonisin corn cultivation method using two fungicides, azoxystrobin and propiconazole. A field‐based cultivation experiment was conducted, wherein Kimimaru and LG3490 corn were cultivated for 2 years with a fungicide applied. In the first year, the use of fungicides reduced the concentration of fumonisin in corn, but in the following years, no fumonisin‐reducing effect was observed. Differences in precipitation may be the cause, but details were unknown. Although a minor effect was observed, the results suggested that the method was not wholly effective. Next, in an in vitro incubation experiment, the relationship between fumonisin‐producing fungi (Fusarium fujikuroi) and fumonisin production was examined in the presence of two fungicides. Both fungicides reduced F. fujikuroi cell mass in a concentration‐dependent manner. Fumonisin production did not decrease noticeably at low fungicide concentrations but at high concentrations. This indicates that a fungicide concentration above a certain threshold is required to suppress fumonisin production. The fumonisin produced per fungal cell mass remained almost constant between 0.1 and 10 mg/L propiconazole, although it decreased to zero at higher propiconazole concentrations. Thus, the propiconazole‐induced decrease in fumonisin production was likely caused by a reduction in fungal cell mass. In contrast, fungal cell mass decreased as azoxystrobin concentration increased, and the azoxystrobin produced per cell mass reduced. Thus, fumonisin production was synergistically suppressed by decreased cell mass and production. The results of both experiments did not exhibit the desired level of reduction effect likely because a sufficiently high concentration of fungicide could not be maintained for outdoor cultivation. Various other factors, such as weather conditions, may have affected the disinfectant concentration, leading to the reduced fungicide concentration.
Case II diffusion of water in Na2O–3SiO2 glass: Constant tensile stress gradient at the diffusion interface
Authors: Hausmann Bronson D. , Tomozawa Minoru 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSome polymers and oxide glasses exhibit unusual diffusion of liquid or gas, with the depth of diffusion exhibiting a linear increase with time, instead of normal square root of time dependence. There have been many models, but very few experimental data that can help clarify the cause of the phenomenon's existence in glass. Residual stress in sodium trisilicate glass (Na2O–3SiO2) samples was characterized following Case II water diffusion at 80°C in a saturated water vapor environment. The surface‐swelled layer of the glass was removed by dissolving it in water, and birefringence of the newly revealed surface layer was measured. The presence of a constant negative tensile stress gradient was revealed by indicating that Case II diffusion in sodium trisilicate glass originates from this stress gradient, which overwhelms the more typical Fick's law concentration‐dependent flux.
Application of portable near‐infrared spectroscopy for rapid detection and quantification of adulterants in baobab fruit pulp
Authors: Yegon Denis , Ojijo Nelson K. , Tybussek Thorsten , Owino Willis 
Published: January 2023

SummaryBaobab fruit pulp powder (BFPP) is susceptible to economically driven adulteration owing to its incredible nutrient density and rapidly expanding demand worldwide. In this study, a portable NIR spectroscopy (wavelength 900–1700 nm) coupled with chemometrics was used for the detection of BFPP adulteration. BFPP samples separately adulterated with rice flour (RF), wheat flour (WF), and maize flour (MF) at 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% concentrations were subjected to NIR spectroscopy. Two‐class models proved to be reliable with sensitivity and specificity of above 0.98 and an error of below 0.01. Four‐class models attained sensitivity and specificity of above 0.68 and an error of below 0.276. The correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the prediction set were above 0.88 and below 6.20% respectively for PLSR models. The LODs were also below 13.79%. Therefore, NIR spectroscopy has a promising potential for rapid screening of BFPP adulterations.
Enhanced locomotor behaviour is mediated by activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the silkworm brain
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Xin , Xie Xiaoqian , Liu Qingsong , Dong Haonan , Hou Yong , Xia Qingyou , Zhao Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnimal behaviour regulation is a complex process involving many factors, and the nervous system is an essential factor in this process. In many species, pathogens can alter host behaviour by affecting the host's nervous system. An interesting example is that the silkworm shows enhanced locomotor behaviour after being infected with the nucleopolyhedrosis virus. In this study, we analysed the transcriptome of the silkworm brain at different time points after infection and found that various genes related to behaviour regulation changed after infection. In‐depth analysis showed that the tyrosine hydroxylase gene might be a key candidate gene, and the content of dopamine, its downstream metabolite, increased significantly in the brain of silkworms infected with the virus. After the injection of tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor into the infected silkworm, the dopamine content in the silkworm brain decreased and the locomotor behaviour caused by the virus was blocked successfully. These results confirm that tyrosine hydroxylase is involved in regulating enhanced locomotor behaviour after virus infection in silkworms. Furthermore, the tyrosine hydroxylase gene was specifically overexpressed in the brain of the silkworm, and the transgenic silkworm was enhanced in locomotor behaviour and foraging behaviour. These results suggest that the tyrosine hydroxylase gene plays a vital role in regulating insect behaviour.
The experience of ‘treatment‐resistant’ depression: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Crowe Marie , Manuel Jenni , Carlyle Dave , Thwaites Bridgette , Lacey Cameron 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile antidepressants may be effective in treating depression for some people, a third of people do not have an improvement in mood after a trial of two different antidepressants for an adequate duration. These people are diagnosed as having ‘treatment‐resistant’ depression which situates the problem as part of their biological or psychological makeup. We conducted a search of studies that examined this problem from the perspective of people whose depression did not improve on antidepressants. Nine studies were included in a qualitative meta‐synthesis that identified four themes across these studies: feeling trapped, disconnection, loss of self, and questioning. The participants experienced considerable distress associated with the constant presence of depression in their lives. While antidepressants may help some people, there is a need for more innovative approaches to the treatment of depression. There is a strong argument for trialling appropriate evidence‐based psychotherapy before a person is categorized as having treatment‐resistant depression. It is perhaps better to describe the issue as inadequate efficacy of antidepressants to situate the problem with the treatment provided rather than with the person.
Effects of hafnium sources and hafnium content on the structures and properties of SiBNC–Hf ceramic precursors
Authors: Shen Jian , Tang Zicheng , Tusiime Rogers , He Bin , Chen Yatian , Hu Jidong , Chen Haikun , Zhang Hui , Liu Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of SiBNC–M (M is metal element) multinary ceramic precursors has mainly been through chemical modification of the SiBNC ceramic precursors with the introduction of the metal element/compound. This misses the simplicity, efficiency, and combined benefits of single reactor synthesis routes. We herein adopt a one‐pot method to synthesize SiBNC–Hf ceramic precursors (PBSHZ) from different Hf sources, and with varying Hf content. The starting materials include hafnium tetrachloride, hafnium dichloride, trichlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, and boron trichloride. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis are employed to characterize the structures and properties of the PBSHZ. The results reveal the successful incorporation of Hf into the precursors. Compared to the hafnium tetrachloride source, the precursor synthesized from hafnium dichloride yields more ceramics and shows better solubility, due to fewer Hf–Cl bonds available for reaction. Meanwhile, there is a positive correlation between the rise in the Hf content of PBSHZ and the ceramic yield. However, the solubility and processability of the precursors decline, due to the multiplication of the cross‐linking degree in the molecular structure. Further FT‐IR, NMR, XPS, and thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry (TG–MS) analysis indicate a full polymer‐to‐ceramic transformation at 1000°C pyrolysis temperature. At this point, the SiBNC–Hf ceramics mainly consist of an Si–B–N skeleton, HfN, and free carbon.
Biogeographic origins and drivers of alien plant invasions in the Canary Islands
Authors: Morente‐López Javier , Arjona Yurena , Salas‐Pascual Marcos , Reyes‐Betancort J. Alfredo , del Arco‐Aguilar Marcelino J. , Emerson Brent C. , García‐Gallo Antonio , Jay‐García Louis S. , Naranjo‐Cigala Agustín , Patiño Jairo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding the historical and contemporaneous drivers of invasion success in island systems can decisively contribute to identifying sources and pathways that are more likely to give rise to new invaders. Based on a floristic‐driven approach, we aimed at determining the origins of the invasive alien flora of the Canary Islands and shedding light in the mechanisms shaping their distribution within the archipelago.LocationCanary Islands.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsAn updated checklist of the invasive alien flora of the Canary Islands was assembled along with complementary information related to the native biogeographical regions, stage of invasiveness and dates of naturalization. Statistical models were employed to describe differences in the number of species over space and time. We also used multivariate techniques to evaluate competing hypotheses related to the mechanisms driving invasive floristic composition within the archipelago.ResultsWe provided a list of 149 alien plant species with a certain degree of invasiveness. The greatest number of invasive species originated from the Neotropics followed by the Cape Region, tropical Africa and the Mediterranean Basin. We observed a slow but steady increase in numbers of invasive species until the 1950s, followed by a stronger rise thereafter. In order to explain composition dissimilarity of the invasive flora among islands, a climatic matching hypothesis was fully supported, with geographic isolation and contemporary human‐mediated connectivity hypotheses receiving less and null support respectively.Main ConclusionsWe showed that the Neotropical region is the main source of plant invasions to the Canary Islands, outnumbering those from other regions with a Mediterranean‐type bioclimate. The assembly of the invasive flora within the archipelago appears to be driven primarily by climate, but with geographic distance also playing a role. This study calls for archipelago‐dependent assessments of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to plant invasion success within insular systems.
Automatic dental biofilm detection based on deep learning
Authors: Andrade Katia Montanha , Silva Bernardo Peters Menezes , de Oliveira Luciano Rebouças , Cury Patricia Ramos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo estimate the automated biofilm detection capacity of the U‐Net neural network on tooth images.Materials and MethodsTwo datasets of intra‐oral photographs taken in the frontal and lateral views of permanent and deciduous dentitions were employed. The first dataset consisted of 96 photographs taken before and after applying a disclosing agent and was used to validate the domain's expert biofilm annotation (intra‐class correlation coefficient = .93). The second dataset comprised 480 photos, with or without orthodontic appliances, and without disclosing agents, and was used to train the neural network to segment the biofilm. Dental biofilm labelled by the dentist (without disclosing agents) was considered the ground truth. Segmentation performance was measured using accuracy, F1 score, sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsThe U‐Net model achieved an accuracy of 91.8%, F1 score of 60.6%, specificity of 94.4%, and sensitivity of 67.2%. The accuracy was higher in the presence of orthodontic appliances (92.6%).ConclusionsVisually segmenting dental biofilm employing a U‐Net is feasible and can assist professionals and patients in identifying dental biofilm, thus improving oral hygiene and health.