bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean dynamics and biological feedbacks limit the potential of macroalgae carbon dioxide removal
Authors: Berger Manon , Kwiatkowski Lester , Ho David T , Bopp Laurent 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In combination with drastic emission reduction cuts, limiting global warming below 1.5 °C or 2 °C requires atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) of up to 16 GtCO2 yr−1 by 2050. Among CDR solutions, ocean afforestation through macroalgae cultivation is considered promising due to high rates of productivity and environmental co-benefits. We modify a high-resolution ocean biogeochemical model to simulate the consumption of dissolved inorganic carbon and macronutrients by idealised macroalgal cultivation in Exclusive Economic Zones. Under imposed macroalgal production of 0.5 PgC yr−1 with no nutrient feedbacks, physicochemical processes are found to limit the enhancement in the ocean carbon sink to 0.39 PgC yr−1 (1.43 GtCO2 yr−1), corresponding to CDR efficiency of 79%. Only 0.22 PgC yr−1 (56%) of this air–sea carbon flux occurs in the regions of macroalgae cultivation, posing potential issues for measurement, reporting, and verification. When additional macronutrient limitations and feedbacks are simulated, the realised macroalgal production rate drops to 0.37 PgC yr−1 and the enhancement in the air–sea carbon flux to 0.21 PgC yr−1 (0.79 GtCO yr−1), or 58% of the macroalgal net production. This decrease in CDR efficiency is a consequence of a deepening in the optimum depth of macroalgal production and a reduction in phytoplankton production due to reduced nitrate and phosphate availability. At regional scales, the decrease of phytoplankton productivity can even cause a net reduction in the oceanic carbon sink. Although additional modelling efforts are required, Eastern boundary upwelling systems and regions of the Northeast Pacific and the Southern Ocean are revealed as potentially promising locations for efficient macroalgae-based CDR. Despite the CDR potential of ocean afforestation, our simulations indicate potential negative impacts on marine food webs with reductions in phytoplankton primary production of up to −40 gC m−2 yr−1 in the eastern tropical Pacific.
Bound states asymptotics in the system with quantum wires in ℝ3
Authors: Kondej S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper we discuss spectral properties of the Schrödinger operator acting in

L
2

(

R

3

)

with a delta potential localized on two infinite lines. The aim of analysis is to reveal how the configuration of lines affects the spectrum. In particular, we study the behaviour of spectral infimum with respect to θ. The main result of the paper concerns the asymptotics of the function counting of discrete spectrum points for θ → 0, namely we show that the discrete spectrum points number below the threshold of the essential spectrum admits the asymptotics

.
Analytical results for the entanglement dynamics of disjoint blocks in the XY spin chain
Authors: Parez Gilles , Bonsignori Riccarda 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The study of the dynamics of entanglement measures after a quench has become a very active area of research in the last two decades, motivated by the development of experimental techniques. However, exact results in this context are available in only very few cases. In this work, we present the proof of the quasiparticle picture for the dynamics of entanglement entropies for two disjoint blocks in the XY chain after a quantum quench. As a byproduct, we also prove the quasiparticle conjecture for the mutual information in that model. Our calculations generalize those presented in Fagotti and Calabrese (2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 010306) to the case where the correlation matrix is a block-Toeplitz matrix, and rely on the multidimensional stationary phase approximation in the scaling limit. We also test the quasiparticle predictions against exact numerical calculations, and find excellent agreement. In the case of three blocks, we show that the tripartite information vanishes when at least two blocks are adjacent.
Double null data and the characteristic problem in general relativity
Authors: Mars Marc , Sánchez-Pérez Gabriel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
General hypersurfaces of any causal character can be studied abstractly using the hypersurface data formalism. In the null case, we write down all tangential components of the ambient Ricci tensor in terms of the abstract data. Using this formalism, we formulate and solve in a completely abstract way the characteristic Cauchy problem of the Einstein vacuum field equations. The initial data is detached from any spacetime notion, and it is fully diffeomorphism and gauge covariant. The results of this paper put the characteristic problem on a similar footing as the standard Cauchy problem in General Relativity.
A new criterion for self-healing quantification of structured light beams
Authors: Saadati-Sharafeh Fazel , Amiri Pari , Akhlaghi Ehsan A , Azizian-Kalandaragh Yashar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a new approach to the self-healing quantification of structured light beams. The self-healing is quantitatively determined by defining a self-healing degree (SHD) and a similarity function based on comparing the intensity distributions of the perturbed and unperturbed beams. In addition, the SHD is employed for two other intensity-based methods to compare the methods’ performance. The Bessel beams (BBs) with integer and fractional topological charges (TCs) are examined numerically to verify the method. Further, the effect of superposition of the Bessel and mirrored BBs with respect to the x-axis on the self-healing property is investigated. The perturbation of the beams is applied using a pair of circular masks as a symmetric perturbation. The propagating of perturbed and unperturbed beams is simulated by the angular spectrum method. The obtained quantitative results are confirmed by the intuitive results and also the accuracy of the proposed method is similar to the other used methods. On the other hand, due to using fewer calculations with respect to them and so is less time-consuming (about 57% and 67% reduction in computational time), it can be used as an adequate alternative method. As a result of this method, it is shown that the superposition of BBs with their mirrored ones is an effective factor to improve the self-healing property, in which the SHD of the superposed beams is more than the BBs for each TC. It is also shown that using the fractional TC beams is another advantageous improvement to increase the SHD.
Dual Attention and Patient Similarity Network for drug recommendation
Authors: Wu Jialun , Dong Yuxin , Gao Zeyu , Gong Tieliang , Li Chen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Artificially making clinical decisions for patients with multi-morbidity has long been considered a thorny problem due to the complexity of the disease. Drug recommendations can assist doctors in automatically providing effective and safe drug combinations conducive to treatment and reducing adverse reactions. However, the existing drug recommendation works ignored two critical information. (i) Different types of medical information and their interrelationships in the patient’s visit history can be used to construct a comprehensive patient representation. (ii) Patients with similar disease characteristics and their corresponding medication information can be used as a reference for predicting drug combinations.

Results
To address these limitations, we propose DAPSNet, which encodes multi-type medical codes into patient representations through code- and visit-level attention mechanisms, while integrating drug information corresponding to similar patient states to improve the performance of drug recommendation. Specifically, our DAPSNet is enlightened by the decision-making process of human doctors. Given a patient, DAPSNet first learns the importance of patient history records between diagnosis, procedure and drug in different visits, then retrieves the drug information corresponding to similar patient disease states for assisting drug combination prediction. Moreover, in the training stage, we introduce a novel information constraint loss function based on the information bottleneck principle to constrain the learned representation and enhance the robustness of DAPSNet. We evaluate the proposed DAPSNet on the public MIMIC-III dataset, our model achieves relative improvements of 1.33%, 1.20% and 2.03% in Jaccard, F1 and PR-AUC scores, respectively, compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Availability and implementation
The source code is available at the github repository: https://github.com/andylun96/DAPSNet.
Neural attenuation: age-related dedifferentiation in the left occipitotemporal cortex for visual word processing
Authors: Xue Licheng , Lv Yating , Zhao Jing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present study investigated the age-related neural basis of cognitive decline in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT)—a brain area that responds selectively to visual words processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to estimate neural activity in this area, while young and old adults viewed words and line drawings. Our results demonstrated the existence of neural dedifferentiation of the left vOT in old adults during visual word processing. More specifically, this dedifferentiation was due to neural attenuation that is, decreased response to words rather than increased response to line drawings in old adults compared with young adults. In addition, individuals who showed decreased neural response to words had worse performance in visual word processing. Taken together, our findings support the neural attenuation hypothesis for the cognitive decline in visual word processing in old adults.
The variation of geomagnetic field intensity in Central Anatolia during the Neogene-Quaternary period
Authors: Kaya Nurcan , Hisarlı Z Mümtaz , Nowaczyk Norbert R , Makaroğlu Özlem 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYA detailed palaeointensity study was performed using the modified Thellier method on 18 Quaternary and Neogene volcanic units, ages ranging from 0.08 to 5.98 Ma, in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Robust data, which were estimated from 12 lava units in the study area, significantly increase the database of palaeomagnetic data, directions and absolute palaeointensity for the Anatolian region covering the time window back to ∼6 Ma. Previous studies sensitively dated the samples, except for one site dated in this study. The palaeointensity (VDM) value from the upper Miocene site estimated as 48.6 ± 9.2 μT (10.1 × 1022 ± 1.9 Am2) fits well into the Neogene VDM range in the data archives. For Pliocene samples with an age of 4.7 Ma, the palaeointensity was calculated to be 21.0 ± 4.7 μT. For these samples, an inclination of +42.9° was determined, and together with the results of low palaeointensity and normal polarity, this corresponds to the Nunivak or Sidufjall subchrons. These are normal polarity chrons within the Gilbert Chron which predominantly has reversed polarity. Palaeodirectional data and field strength with age between 0.08 and 2.57 Ma clearly showed the Brunhes and Matuyama Chrons in the Pleistocene. Three new data with 25.0 ± 7.9 μT (age 1.84 Ma), 59.7 ± 8.2 μT (age 2.15 Ma) and 79.6 ± 19.3 μT (age 2.57 Ma) from the early Pleistocene period significantly contribute to global data archives, which lack palaeointensity data from similar latitude range. The average VDM values for nine Pleistocene sites were calculated to be 51.5 ± 16.4 μT (10.3 × 1022 ± 3.7 Am2). According to the comparison of our data with the palaeointensity database, field model record and previous studies of the Pleistocene, significantly high field strength obtained from Central Anatolia, located in the Northern Hemisphere, could have occurred due to asymmetry between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres during the Pleistocene.
The coordinated radio and infrared survey for high-mass star formation – V. The CORNISH-South survey and catalogue
Authors: Irabor T , Hoare M G , Burton M , Cotton W D , Diamond P , Dougherty S , Ellingsen S P , Fender R , Fuller G A , Garrington S , Goldsmith P F , Green J , Gunn A G , Jackson J , Kurtz S , Lumsden S L , Marti J , McDonald I , Molinari S , Moore T J , Mutale M , Muxlow T , O’Brien T , Oudmaijer R D , Paladini R , Pandian J D , Paredes J M , Richards A M S , Sanchez-Monge A , Spencer R , Thompson M A , Umana G , Urquhart J S , Wieringa M , Zijlstra A 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first high spatial resolution radio continuum survey of the southern Galactic plane. The CORNISH project has mapped the region defined by 295° &lt; l &lt; 350°; |b| &lt; 1° at 5.5 GHz, with a resolution of 2.5 arcsec (FWHM). As with the CORNISH-North survey, this is designed to primarily provide matching radio data to the Spitzer GLIMPSE survey region. The CORNISH-South survey achieved a root mean square noise level of ∼0.11 mJy beam−1, using the 6A configuration of the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). In this paper, we discuss the observations, data processing and measurements of the source properties. Above a 7σ detection limit, 4701 sources were detected, and their ensemble properties show similar distributions with their northern counterparts. The catalogue is highly reliable and is complete to 90 per cent at a flux density level of 1.1 mJy. We developed a new way of measuring the integrated flux densities and angular sizes of non-Gaussian sources. The catalogue primarily provides positions, flux density measurements, and angular sizes. All sources with IR counterparts at 8 μm have been visually classified, utilizing additional imaging data from optical, near-IR, mid-IR, far-IR, and sub-millimetre galactic plane surveys. This has resulted in the detection of 524 H ii regions of which 255 are ultra-compact H ii regions, 287 planetary nebulae, 79 radio stars, and 6 massive young stellar objects. The rest of the sources are likely to be extragalactic. These data are particularly important in the characterization and population studies of compact ionized sources such as UCHII regions and PNe towards the Galactic mid-plane.
The Cynosure of CtBP: Evolution of a Bilaterian Transcriptional Corepressor
Authors: Raicu Ana-Maria , Kadiyala Dhruva , Niblock Madeline , Jain Aanchal , Yang Yahui , Bird Kalynn M , Bertholf Kayla , Seenivasan Akshay , Siddiq Mohammad , Arnosti David N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Evolution of sequence-specific transcription factors clearly drives lineage-specific innovations, but less is known about how changes in the central transcriptional machinery may contribute to evolutionary transformations. In particular, transcriptional regulators are rich in intrinsically disordered regions that appear to be magnets for evolutionary innovation. The C-terminal Binding Protein (CtBP) is a transcriptional corepressor derived from an ancestral lineage of alpha hydroxyacid dehydrogenases; it is found in mammals and invertebrates, and features a core NAD-binding domain as well as an unstructured C-terminus (CTD) of unknown function. CtBP can act on promoters and enhancers to repress transcription through chromatin-linked mechanisms. Our comparative phylogenetic study shows that CtBP is a bilaterian innovation whose CTD of about 100 residues is present in almost all orthologs. CtBP CTDs contain conserved blocks of residues and retain a predicted disordered property, despite having variations in the primary sequence. Interestingly, the structure of the C-terminus has undergone radical transformation independently in certain lineages including flatworms and nematodes. Also contributing to CTD diversity is the production of myriad alternative RNA splicing products, including the production of “short” tailless forms of CtBP in Drosophila. Additional diversity stems from multiple gene duplications in vertebrates, where up to five CtBP orthologs have been observed. Vertebrate lineages show fewer major modifications in the unstructured CTD, possibly because gene regulatory constraints of the vertebrate body plan place specific constraints on this domain. Our study highlights the rich regulatory potential of this previously unstudied domain of a central transcriptional regulator.
Systematic identification of gene-altering programmed inversions across the bacterial domain
Authors: Milman Oren , Yelin Idan , Kishony Roy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Programmed chromosomal inversions allow bacteria to generate intra-population genotypic and functional heterogeneity, a bet-hedging strategy important in changing environments. Some programmed inversions modify coding sequences, producing different alleles in several gene families, most notably in specificity-determining genes such as Type I restriction-modification systems, where systematic searches revealed cross phylum abundance. Yet, a broad, gene-independent, systematic search for gene-altering programmed inversions has been absent, and little is known about their genomic sequence attributes and prevalence across gene families. Here, identifying intra-species variation in genomes of over 35 000 species, we develop a predictive model of gene-altering inversions, revealing key attributes of their genomic sequence attributes, including gene-pseudogene size asymmetry and orientation bias. The model predicted over 11,000 gene-altering loci covering known targeted gene families, as well as novel targeted families including Type II restriction-modification systems, a protein of unknown function, and a fusion-protein containing conjugative-pilus and phage tail domains. Publicly available long-read sequencing datasets validated representatives of these newly predicted inversion-targeted gene families, confirming intra-population genetic heterogeneity. Together, these results reveal gene-altering programmed inversions as a key strategy adopted across the bacterial domain, and highlight programmed inversions that modify Type II restriction-modification systems as a possible new mechanism for maintaining intra-population heterogeneity.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Bodies in the Lateral Root Cap Are Involved in the Direct Transport of Beta-Glucosidase to Vacuoles
Authors: Toyooka Kiminori , Goto Yumi , Hashimoto Kei , Wakazaki Mayumi , Sato Mayuko , Hirai Masami Yokota 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) in lateral root caps (LRCs) is crucial for maintaining root cap functionality. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies play important roles in plant immunity and PCD. However, the distribution of ER bodies and their communication with vacuoles in the LRC remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure of LRC cells of wild-type and transgenic Arabidopsis lines using an auto-acquisition transmission electron microscope (TEM) system and high-pressure freezing. Gigapixel-scale high-resolution TEM imaging of the transverse and longitudinal sections of roots followed by three-dimensional imaging identified sausage-shaped structures budding from the ER. These were subsequently identified as ER bodies using GFPh transgenic lines expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused with an ER retention signal (HDEL). Immunogold labeling using an anti-GFP antibody detected GFP signals in the ER bodies and vacuoles. The fusion of ER bodies with vacuoles in LRC cells was identified using correlative light and electron microscopy. Imaging of the root tips of a GFPh transgenic line with a PYK10 promoter revealed the localization of PYK10, a member of the β-glucosidase family with an ER retention signal, in the ER bodies in the inner layer along with a fusion of ER bodies with vacuoles in the middle layer and collapse of vacuoles in the outer layer of the LRC. These findings suggest that ER bodies in LRC directly transport β-glucosidases to the vacuoles, and that a subsequent vacuolar collapse triggered by an unknown mechanism releases protective substances to the growing root tip to protect it from the invaders.
Universal bounds on quantum mechanics through energy conservation and the bootstrap method
Authors: Morita Takeshi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The range of motion of a particle with certain energy E confined in a potential is determined from the energy conservation law in classical mechanics. The counterpart of this question in quantum mechanics can be regarded as what is the possible range of expectation values of the position operator 〈x〉 of a particle that satisfies E = 〈H〉. This range depends on the state of the particle, but the universal upper and lower bounds, which are independent of the state, must exist. In this study, we show that these bounds can be derived by using the bootstrap method. We also point out that the bootstrap method can be regarded as a generalization of the uncertainty relations, meaning that the bounds are determined by the uncertainty relations in a broad sense. Furthermore, the bounds on possible expectation values of various quantities other than position can be determined in the same way. However, in the case of multiple identical particles (bosons and fermions), we find some difficulty in the bootstrap method. Because of this issue, the predictive power of the bootstrap method in multi-particle systems is limited in the derivation of observables including energy eigenstates. In addition, we argue an application of the bootstrap method to thermal equilibrium states. We find serious issues that temperature and entropy cannot be handled. Although we have these issues, we can derive some quantities in micro-canonical ensembles of integrable systems governed by generalized Gibbs ensembles.
Identification of Disability Subgroups for Patients After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Edelstein Jessica , Kinney Adam R , Keeney Tamra , Hoffman Amanda , Graham James E , Malcolm Matthew P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aims of this study were to identify disability subgroups among patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke and to determine the predictors and distal outcomes for the disability subgroups.

Methods
A retrospective, cross-sectional study design was used. Data on patients after ischemic stroke were collected from the electronic health records at 5 hospitals within a single health system. Covariates included social and demographic factors. Disability was characterized according to the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care assessment. Distal outcomes were physical therapist treatment use, occupational therapist treatment use, and discharge disposition. Latent class analysis was used to identify disability subgroups of patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke.

Results
A total of 1549 patients were included in the analyses. Five disability subgroups were identified and labeled as follows: globally impaired (subgroup 1), impaired dynamic balance (subgroup 2), impaired self-care (subgroup 3), impaired mobility (subgroup 4), and independent (subgroup 5). Physical therapist treatment use (χ24 = 113.21 [P &lt; .001]) and occupational therapist treatment use (χ24 = 122.97 [P &lt; .001]) varied significantly across the disability subgroups. The globally impaired group had the highest probability of physical and occupational therapist treatment use. Similarly, discharge disposition varied across the subgroups (for home without services, χ24 = 246.61 [P &lt; .001]; for home with home health care, χ24 = 35.49 [P &lt; .001]; for institutional discharge, χ24 = 237.18 [P &lt; .001]). The independent subgroup had the highest probability of discharge to home without services.

Conclusion
Five disability subgroups were identified for patients after ischemic stroke. The disability subgroups provide a common language for clinicians to organize the heterogeneity of disability after stroke.

Impact
Using the disability subgroups, the multidisciplinary team might be able to improve the accuracy and efficiency of care decisions. The number of current rehabilitation interventions is indeterminable; these subgroups may help to guide clinicians in selecting the most beneficial interventions for patients based on subgroup membership.