bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening the complaint mechanisms of multilateral climate funds and carbon markets: A critical step towards a human rights‐based green transition
Authors: Antoniazzi Chiara Tea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNotwithstanding their indisputable benefits, climate change mitigation and adaptation activities can negatively impact the environment and human rights. Accordingly, multilateral funds and programmes financing these activities have increasingly adopted environmental and social safeguards. However, enforcing these safeguards has been difficult because of the lack of or shortcomings affecting complaint procedures provided by multilateral climate finance institutions to individuals and groups negatively impacted by the activities that the institutions support. This article assesses the effectiveness of the complaint procedures of the main multilateral climate funds and carbon market mechanisms; it highlights the limitations of alternative complaint options, including project‐ and implementing entity‐level grievance mechanisms and judicial avenues; and it reflects on the need for effective complaint procedures at the international level to further a human rights‐based green transition.
Evaluation of hazard brochures using topic viewing durations: Application to tsunami evacuation brochures
Authors: Lindell Michael K. , Jung Meen Chel , Prater Carla S. , House Donald H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study describes a novel method of assessing risk communication effectiveness by reporting an evaluation of a tsunami information brochure by 90 residents of three Pacific coast communities that are vulnerable to a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake and tsunami—Commencement Bay, Washington; Lincoln City, Oregon; and Eureka, California. Study participants viewed information that was presented inDynaSearch, an internet‐based computer system that allowed them to view text boxes and tsunami inundation zone maps.DynaSearchrecorded the number of times each text box or map was clicked and the length of time that it was viewed. This information viewing phase was followed by questionnaire pages assessing important aspects of tsunami hazard and sources of tsunami warnings. Participants gave the longest click durations to what to do in the emergency period during earthquake shaking and in its immediate aftermath before a tsunami arrives—topics that should be displayed prominently in tsunami brochures and emphasized in talks to community groups. The smallest adjusted click durations were associated with advance preparations for a tsunami—topics that can be posted on websites whose URLs are printed in the brochures.
On the adoption of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic: An evolutionary game model
Authors: Wei Zhiyuan , Zhuang Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe adoption of behavioral nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) among the public is essential for tackling the COVID‐19 pandemic, yet presents challenges due to the complexity of human behaviors. A large body of literature has utilized classic game theory to investigate the population's decisions regarding the adoption of interventions, where the static solution concept such as the Nash equilibrium is studied. However, individual adoption behavior is not static, instead it is a dynamic process that involves the strategic interactions with other counterparts over time. The study of quantitatively analyzing the dynamics on precautionary behavior during an outbreak is rather scarce. This article fills the research gap by developing an evolutionary game‐theoretic framework to model the dynamics of population behavior on the adoption of NPI. We construct the two‐group asymmetric game, where behavioral change for each group is characterized by replicator equations. Sensitivity analyses are performed to examine the long‐term stability of equilibrium points with respect to perturbation of model parameters. We found that the limiting behavior of intervention adoption in the population consists of only pure strategies in a game setting, indicating that the evolutionary outcome is that everyone either takes up the preventive measure or not. We also applied the framework to examine the mask‐wearing behavior, and validated with actual data. Overall, this article provides insights into population dynamics on the adoption of intervention strategy during the outbreak, which can be beneficial for policy makers to better understand the evolutionary trajectory of population behavior.
Feline primary nonhematopoietic malignant liver tumours: A multicenter retrospective study (2000–2021)
Authors: Brandstetter Viktoria , Schmidt Jarno M. , Findji Laurent , Selmic Laura E. , Murgia Daniela , de Mello Souza Carlos H. , Liehmann Lea M. , L'Eplattenier Henry , Tichy Alexander , Vincenti Simona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is scant literature on primary nonhematopoietic malignant liver tumours (PMLT) in cats. In this retrospective study, medical data of 40 cats diagnosed with PMLT were reviewed over a period of 22 years (2000–2021). The most frequent epithelial tumours were hepatocellular (42.5%) and bile duct carcinomas (32.5%), only six (15%) cats had mesenchymal tumours. The median age was 13 years and clinical signs commonly included ano‐/hyporexia (62.5%), apathy/lethargy (52.5%), weight loss (42.5%) and vomiting (35%). At initial diagnosis, metastases were confirmed in 1 (2.5%) and suspected in three (7.5%) cats. Massive was the most frequent morphology (75%). Most intrahepatic tumours were left‐sided (54.2%) with the left medial lobe being primarily affected (25%). Extrahepatic tumours were rare (5%). In 34 (85%) cats, liver lobectomy was performed (surgery group), four (10%) were treated palliatively (non‐surgery group), and two (5%) received no treatment. Intraoperative complications occurred in 11.8% with four (15.4%) postoperative deaths. Recurrence was detected in 28.6% at a median of 151 days (range, 79–684 days), while postoperative metastases were suspected in 21.4% at a median of 186 days (range, 79–479 days). The median survival time (MST) was significantly longer in cats of the surgery group (375 days) than in the non‐surgery group (16 days) (p = .002). MST was 868 days for hepatocellular compared to 270 days for bile duct carcinomas (p = .06). In summary, liver lobectomy is associated with prolonged survival times and good prognosis in cats with hepatocellular, and an acceptable prognosis in cats with bile duct carcinoma.
Spatially resolved structural order in low-temperature liquid electrolyte
Authors: Xie Yujun , Wang Jingyang , Savitzky Benjamin H. , Chen Zheng , Wang Yu , Betzler Sophia , Bustillo Karen , Persson Kristin , Cui Yi , Wang Lin-Wang , Ophus Colin , Ercius Peter , Zheng Haimei 
Published: January 2023

Determining the degree and the spatial extent of structural order in liquids is a grand challenge. Here, we are able to resolve the structural order in a model organic electrolyte of 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF
6
) dissolved in 1:1 (v/v) ethylene carbonate:diethylcarbonate by developing an integrated method of liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM operated at −30°C, four-dimensional scanning TEM, and data analysis based on deep learning. This study reveals the presence of short-range order (SRO) in the high–salt concentration domains of the liquid electrolyte from liquid phase separation at the low temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest the SRO originates from the Li
+
-(PF
6
−
)

n

(
n
> 2) local structural order induced by high LiPF
6
salt concentration.
Stress-Induced Phenoptosis: Mechanistic Insights and Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Pandey Taruna , Ma Dengke K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Evolution by natural selection results in biological traits that enable organismic adaptation and survival under various stressful environments. External stresses can be sometimes too severe to overcome, leading to organismic death either because of failure in adapting to such stress, or alternatively, through a regulated form of organismic death (phenoptosis). While regulated cell deaths, including apoptosis, have been extensively studied, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying phenoptosis and its evolutionary significance for multicellular organisms. In this article, we review documented phenomena and mechanistic evidence emerging from studies of stress-induced phenoptosis in the multicellular organism C. elegans and stress-induced deaths at cellular levels in organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals, focusing on abiotic and pathogen stresses. Genes and signaling pathways involved in phenoptosis appear to promote organismic death during severe stress and aging, while conferring fitness and immune defense during mild stress and early life, consistent with their antagonistic pleiotropy actions. As cell apoptosis during development can shape tissues and organs, stress-induced phenoptosis may also contribute to possible benefits at the population level, through mechanisms including kin selection, abortive infection, and soma-to-germline resource allocation. Current models can generate experimentally testable predictions and conceptual frameworks with implications for understanding both stress-induced phenoptosis and natural aging.
Differential age-associated brain atrophy and white matter changes among homeless and precariously housed individuals compared with the general population
Authors: Stubbs Jacob L , Jones Andrea A , Wolfman Daniel , Chan Ryan C Y , Vila-Rodriguez Fidel , Vertinsky Alexandra T , Heran Manraj K , Su Wayne , Lang Donna J , Field Thalia S , Gicas Kristina M , Woodward Melissa L , Thornton Allen E , Barr Alasdair M , Leonova Olga , MacEwan William , Rauscher Alexander , Honer William G , Panenka William J 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundHomeless or precariously housed individuals live with poor health and experience premature mortality compared with the general population, yet little is known about age-related brain changes among these individuals. We evaluated whether MRI measures of brain structure are differentially associated with age and selected risk factors among individuals who are homeless or precariously housed compared with a general population sample.MethodsWe compared T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging measures of brain macrostructure and white matter microstructure in a well-characterised sample of 312 precariously housed participants with a publicly available dataset of 382 participants recruited from the general population. We used piecewise and multiple linear regression to examine differential associations between MRI measures and between the samples, and to explore associations with risk factors in the precariously housed sample.ResultsCompared with the general population sample, older age in the precariously housed sample was associated with more whole-brain atrophy (β=−0.20, p=0.0029), lower whole-brain fractional anisotropy (β=−0.32, p<0.0001) and higher whole-brain mean diffusivity (β=0.69, p<0.0001). Several MRI measures had non-linear associations with age, with further adverse changes after age 35–40 in the precariously housed sample. History of traumatic brain injury, stimulant dependence and heroin dependence was associated with more atrophy or alterations in white matter diffusivity in the precariously housed sample.ConclusionsOlder age is associated with adverse MRI measures of brain structure among homeless and precariously housed individuals compared with the general population. Education, improvements in care provision and policy may help to reduce the health disparities experienced by these individuals.
Codesigning an intervention to strengthen COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Congolese migrants in the UK (LISOLO MALAMU): a participatory qualitative study protocol
Authors: Crawshaw Alison F , Hickey Caroline , Lutumba Laura Muzinga , Kitoko Lusau Mimi , Nkembi Sarah , Knights Felicity , Ciftci Yusuf , Goldsmith Lucy Pollyanna , Vandrevala Tushna , Forster Alice S , Hargreaves Sally 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionMigrants positively contribute to host societies yet experience barriers to health and vaccination services and systems and are considered to be an underimmunised group in many European countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted stark inequities in vaccine uptake, with migrants facing access and informational barriers and lower vaccine confidence. A key challenge, therefore, is developing tailored vaccination interventions, services and systems which account for and respond to the unique drivers of vaccine uptake in different migrant populations. Participatory research approaches, which meaningfully involve communities in co-constructing knowledge and solutions, have generated considerable interest in recent years for those tasked with designing and delivering public health interventions. How such approaches can be used to strengthen initiatives for COVID-19 and routine vaccination merits greater consideration.Methods and analysisLISOLO MALAMU (‘Good Talk’) is a community-based participatory research study which uses qualitative and coproduction methodologies to involve adult Congolese migrants in developing a tailored intervention to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Led by a community–academic coalition, the study will involve (1) semistructured in-depth interviews with adult Congolese migrants (born in Democratic Republic of Congo, >18 years), (2) interviews with professional stakeholders and (3) codesign workshops with adult Congolese migrants. Qualitative data will be analysed collaboratively using reflexive thematic analysis, and behaviour change theory will be used in parallel to support the coproduction of interventions and make recommendations across socioecological levels. The study will run from approximately November 2021 to November 2022.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the St George’s University Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 2021.0128). Study findings will be disseminated to a range of local, national and international audiences, and a community celebration event will be held to show impact and recognise contributions. Recommendations for implementation and evaluation of prototyped interventions will be made.
Radiation to all macroscopic sites of tumor permits greater systemic antitumor response to in situ vaccination
Authors: Carlson Peter M , Patel Ravi B , Birstler Jen , Rodriquez Matthew , Sun Claire , Erbe Amy K , Bates Amber M , Marsh Ian , Grudzinski Joseph , Hernandez Reinier , Pieper Alexander A , Feils Arika S , Rakhmilevich Alexander L , Weichert Jamey P , Bednarz Bryan P , Sondel Paul M , Morris Zachary S 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe antitumor effects of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) are mediated, in part, by an immune response. We have reported that a single fraction of 12 Gy EBRT combined with intratumoral anti-GD2 hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine (IC) generates an effective in situ vaccine (ISV) against GD2-positive murine tumors. This ISV is effective in eradicating single tumors with sustained immune memory; however, it does not generate an adequate abscopal response against macroscopic distant tumors. Given the immune-stimulatory capacity of radiation therapy (RT), we hypothesized that delivering RT toallsites of disease would augment systemic antitumor responses to ISV.MethodsWe used a syngeneic B78 murine melanoma model consisting of a ‘primary’ flank tumor and a contralateral smaller ‘secondary’ flank tumor, treated with 12 Gy EBRT and intratumoral IC immunotherapy to the primary and additional EBRT to the secondary tumor. As a means of delivering RT to all sites of disease, both known and occult, we also used a novel alkylphosphocholine analog, NM600, conjugated to90Y as a targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Tumor growth, overall survival, and cause of death were measured. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate immune population changes in both tumors.ResultsAbscopal effects of local ISV were amplified by delivering as little as 2–6 Gy of EBRT to the secondary tumor. When the primary tumor ISV regimen was delivered in mice receiving 12 Gy EBRT to the secondary tumor, we observed improved overall survival and more disease-free mice with immune memory compared with either ISV or 12 Gy EBRT alone. Similarly, TRT combined with ISV resulted in improved overall survival and a trend towards reduced tumor growth rates when compared with either treatment alone. Using flow cytometry, we identified an influx of CD8+T cells with a less exhausted phenotype in both the ISV-targeted primary and the distant secondary tumor following the combination of secondary tumor EBRT or TRT with primary tumor ISV.ConclusionsWe report a novel use for low-dose RT, not as a direct antitumor modality but as an immunomodulator capable of driving and expanding antitumor immunity against metastatic tumor sites following ISV.
Decrease of natalizumab drug levels after switching from intravenous to subcutaneous administration in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Toorop Alyssa A , van Kempen Zoé L E , Steenhuis Maurice , Nielsen Jessica , Sinnige L G F , van Dijk Gert , Roosendaal Christiaan M , Arnoldus Edo P J , Hoitsma Elske , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I , de Jong Brigit A , Oosten Bob W van , Strijbis Eva M M , Uitdehaag Bernard M J , Rispens Theo , Killestein Joep 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundNatalizumab is effective in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). In 2021, the European Medicines Agency approved the subcutaneous (SC) variant of natalizumab which can be used instead of intravenous administration. However, the course of drug levels varies between administration routes, and the Food and Drug Administration rejected the request for approval of natalizumab SC for reasons that were not disclosed. Our objective was to evaluate the course of natalizumab trough drug levels in patients who switched from natalizumab intravenous to SC on various treatment intervals.MethodsThe NEXT-MS trial (N=382) investigates personalised treatment of natalizumab, in which infusion intervals are prolonged based on individual natalizumab trough drug levels. In 2021, an amendment was approved allowing participants to switch from intravenous to SC administration with frequent measurements of natalizumab drug levels and antidrug antibodies (ADAs). Results were compared with linear mixed model analyses.ResultsUntil December 2022, 15 participants switched to SC natalizumab. Natalizumab drug levels with SC administration were on average 55% lower compared with intravenous administration (Exp (estimate) 0.45, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.53, p<0.001), leading to very low trough drug levels in three patients on extended treatment intervals. No natalizumab ADAs were detected during intravenous or SC treatment. None of the participants on natalizumab SC showed evidence of MS disease activity.ConclusionsNatalizumab trough drug levels can decrease after switching from natalizumab intravenous to SC administration. We advise to monitor trough drug levels in patients with low natalizumab drug levels during intravenous treatment, patients with higher body mass index or patients on extended treatment intervals who switch to SC administration of natalizumab.
Development and validation of prediction models for incident atrial fibrillation in heart failure
Authors: Vinter Nicklas , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Cordsen Pia , Valentin Jan Brink , Lip Gregory Y H , Benjamin Emelia J J , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Frost Lars 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesAccurate prediction of heart failure (HF) patients at high risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) represents a potentially valuable tool to inform shared decision making. No validated prediction model for AF in HF is currently available. The objective was to develop clinical prediction models for 1-year risk of AF.MethodsUsing the Danish Heart Failure Registry, we conducted a nationwide registry-based cohort study of all incident HF patients diagnosed from 2008 to 2018 and without history of AF. Administrative data sources provided the predictors. We used a cause-specific Cox regression model framework to predict 1-year risk of AF. Internal validity was examined using temporal validation.ResultsThe population included 27 947 HF patients (mean age 69 years; 34% female). Clinical experts preselected sex, age at HF, NewYork Heart Association (NYHA) class, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and myocardial infarction. Among patients aged 70 years at HF, the predicted 1-year risk was 9.3% (95% CI 7.1% to 11.8%) for males and 6.4% (95% CI 4.9% to 8.3%) for females given all risk factors and NYHA III/IV, and 7.5% (95% CI 6.7% to 8.4%) and 5.1% (95% CI 4.5% to 5.8%), respectively, given absence of risk factors and NYHA class I. The area under the curve was 65.7% (95% CI 63.9% to 67.5%) and Brier score 7.0% (95% CI 5.2% to 8.9%).ConclusionWe developed a prediction model for the 1-year risk of AF. Application of the model in routine clinical settings is necessary to determine the possibility of predicting AF risk among patients with HF more accurately and if so, to quantify the clinical effects of implementing the model in practice.
Detection of the pathogenic fungus Cordyceps farinosa in the Thitarodes armoricanus soil-rearing environment based on nucleic acid targets
Authors: Tong Chaoqun , Li Tian , Luo Shisui , Chen Ruoni , Chen Shijiang , Wei Junhong , Qing Yuling , Qin Shaorong , Pan Guoqing , Li Chunfeng , Zhou Zeyang 
Published: January 2023

Cordyceps farinosa, an entomopathogenic fungus, infects and leads to high mortality of Thitarodes armoricanus larvae, which die soon after the infection of C. farinose, usually before the colonization of Ophiocordyceps sinensis owing to competitive inhibition and fruiting body formation. Therefore, monitoring C. farinosa in the O. sinensis cultivation environment is critical for minimizing the C. farinosa infection-induced losses. In this study, we initially designed a PCR primer pair (Tar-1F/Tar-1R) through open reading frame prediction and homology comparison of the C. farinosa genome sequence. This primer pair can detect both C. farinosa and Samsoniella hepiali. To further distinguish, primers (ITS5-172/ITS4-95) were then designed to selectively amplify the large ribosomal subunit sequences in the C. farinosa genome. All these primers were applied in combination for detection of C. farinosa in soil samples. The sensitivity reached a detection limit of 1 × 106 spores/g soil. In addition, these primers can detect the presence of C. farinosa in dead T. armoricanus larval samples. This newly established rapid detection method provides important information for C. farinosa control during O. sinensis cultivation.