bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-brain vascular models within the ICRP mesh-type adult reference phantoms for applications to internal dosimetry
Authors: Correa-Alfonso Camilo M , Withrow Julia D , Domal Sean J , President Bonnie N , Dawson Robert J , McCullum Lucas , Beekman Chris , Grassberger Clemens , Paganetti Harald , Bolch Wesley E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection provide a framework for standardized dosimetry. The modeling of internal blood vessels—essential to tracking circulating blood cells exposed during external beam radiotherapy and to account for radiopharmaceutical decays while still in blood circulation—is, however, limited to the major inter-organ arteries and veins. Intra-organ blood is accounted for only through the assignment of a homogeneous mixture of parenchyma and blood [single-region (SR) organs]. Our goal was to develop explicit dual-region (DR) models of intra-organ blood vasculature of the adult male brain (AMB) and adult female brain (AFB). Approach. A total of 4000 vessels were created amongst 26 vascular trees. The AMB and AFB models were then tetrahedralized for coupling to the PHITS radiation transport code. Absorbed fractions were computed for monoenergetic alpha particles, electrons, positrons, and photons for both decay sites within the blood vessels and for tissues outside these vessels. Radionuclide S-values were computed for 22 and 10 radionuclides commonly employed in radiopharmaceutical therapy and nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging, respectively. Main results. For radionuclide decays, values of S(brain tissue ← brain blood) assessed in the traditional manner (SR) were higher than those computed using our DR models by factors of 1.92, 1.49, and 1.57 for therapeutic alpha-emitters, beta-emitters, and Auger electron-emitters, respectively in the AFB and by factors of 1.65, 1.37, and 1.42 for these same radionuclide categories in the AMB. Corresponding ratios of SR and DR values of S(brain tissue ← brain blood) were 1.34 (AFB) and 1.26 (AMB) for four SPECT radionuclides, and were 1.32 (AFB) and 1.24 (AMB) for six common PET radionuclides. Significance. The methodology employed in this study can be explored in other organs of the body for proper accounting of blood self-dose for that fraction of the radiopharmaceutical still in general circulation.
Overview over the neutral gas pressures in Wendelstein 7-X during divertor operation under boronized wall conditions
Authors: Haak V , Bozhenkov S A , Feng Y , Kharwandikar A , Kremeyer T , Naujoks D , Perseo V , Schlisio G , Wenzel U 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
During the first test divertor campaign of the stellarator experiment Wendelstein 7-X (Pedersen et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 042022), OP1.2b, 13 neutral gas pressure gauges collected data in different locations in the plasma vessel, enabling a detailed analysis of the neutral gas pressures, the compression ratios and the particle exhaust rates via the turbomolecular pumps in the different magnetic field configurations. In Wendelstein 7-X, the edge magnetic islands are intersected by the divertor target plates and used to create a plasma-wall interface. As the number and position of the magnetic islands varies in different magnetic field configurations, the position of the strike line on the target plates and thus the neutral gas pressure in the subdivertor differs between the configurations. Neutral gas pressures on the order of few 10−4 mbar were measured in the subdivertor region. The highest neutral gas pressure of

1.75
×

10

−
3

mbar was obtained in the so-called high iota configuration featuring four edge magnetic islands per cross section. The neutral particle flux through the pumping gaps into the subdivertor volume was provided by EMC3-EIRENE simulations and allowed to analyze the relation between the particle flux entering the subdivertor and the pressure distribution in the subdivertor. Finite element simulations in ANSYS provide a detailed picture of the pressure distribution in the subdivertor volume and agree with the neutral gas pressure measurements in the subdivertor in the standard configuration featuring an island chain of 5 edge magnetic islands. Surprisingly high neutral gas pressures that were not predicted by the simulation were measured in the subdivertor region away from the main strike line for discharges in the most used magnetic configuration, the standard configuration. While the pressure ratio between the two sections of the subdivertor volume, the low and high iota section is 0.06 in high iota configuration, a ratio of 2–5 was obtained in the other configurations, indicating significant particle loads and exhaust rates on the high iota section of the subdivertor in magnetic configurations with the main strike line on the low iota divertor targets.
Collisional-radiative simulation of impurity assimilation, radiative collapse and MHD dynamics after ITER shattered pellet injection
Authors: Hu D. , Nardon E. , Artola F.J. , Lehnen M. , Bonfiglio D. , Hoelzl M. , Huijsmans G.T.A. , Lee S.-J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent studies suggest significant time delay between the Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI) fragment arrival and the temperature radiative collapse could exist in ITER, depending on the impurity assimilation and the plasma thermal reservoir. Hence in some cases the fragments could reach the core even before the edge radiative collapse occurs and triggers strong stochastic transport. This could be beneficial for heat load mitigation and hot-tail runaway electron suppression. To investigate the expected assimilation and radiation, thus the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) response after SPIs in 3D, we carry out simulations of collisional–radiative impurity mixed SPIs into ITER L-mode equilibrium. Localized cooling around the fragments is found to cause current perturbations which destabilize MHD modes. Meanwhile, slower injections are found to result in stronger and more complete radiative collapse, thus stronger MHD amplitude. Due to theq = 1 surface enclosing a significant volume, the1/1resistive kink mode is shown to couple with outer modes to bring global stochasticity and convective core density mixing, although a transport barrier outside of theq = 1 surface prevents immediate temperature relaxation over the whole plasma. The impact of various physical assumptions and numerical treatments, such as the use of the flux-averaged ambient plasma parameters for ablation calculation, the exclusion of the magnetic constraining effect in ablation, the localization of the density source and the use of constant parallel thermal conduction instead of the Braginskii one and different injection velocities are also investigated. In general, stronger and more localized ablation results in stronger radiation, faster radiative collapse and a more violent MHD response, while the assimilation changes little due to a self-regulation effect.
Alcohol use and drinking patterns in Swedish 85 year olds born three decades apart – findings from the Gothenburg H70 study
Authors: Falk Erhag Hanna , Ahlner Felicia , Wetterberg Hanna , Mellqvist Fässberg Madeleine , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about alcohol consumption among the oldest old.ObjectiveTo compare alcohol use and drinking patterns among 85 year olds born three decades apart.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThe Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies.SubjectsAbout 1,160 85 year olds born in 1901–02, 1923–24, and 1930.MethodsSelf-reported questions about alcohol included how often study participants drank beer, wine, and spirits and how many centilitres in total/week. Risk consumption was defined as ≥100 g alcohol/week. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to explore cohort characteristics, differences in proportions, factors associated with risk consumption and 3-year mortality.ResultsThe proportion of at-risk drinkers increased from 4.3 to 14.9% (9.6–24.7% in men and 2.1–9.0% in women). The proportion of abstainers decreased from 27.7 to 12.9%, with the largest decrease observed among women (29.3–14.1%). Controlling for sex, education and marital status, 85 year olds in the later-born cohorts were more likely to be risk consumers than those in the earlier-born cohort [odds ratio (OR) 3.1, 95% confidence nterval (CI) 1.8–5.6]. The only factor associated with an increased likelihood was male sex (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.0–12.7 and OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.0–5.1). There were no associations between risk consumption of alcohol and 3-year mortality in any of the cohorts.ConclusionAlcohol consumption and the number of risk consumers among 85 year olds have increased considerably. This could have large public health consequences since older adults are more sensitive to alcohol’s adverse health effects. Our findings show the importance of detecting risk drinkers also in the oldest old.
A Neuropsychological Battery for the Evaluation of Dementia Among Mandarin-Speaking Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Qi Wei (Gabriel) , Hong Yue , Sun Xiaoning , Stinson Jennifer M , York Michele K , McCauley Stephen , Strutt Adriana M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveAsians of Chinese origin are the largest single Asian origin group in the United States and are also the third largest group in Harris County, TX (i.e., the Houston metropolitan area). Mandarin speakers constitute the majority of the group. The linguistic gaps between Chinese (Mandarin) and English make it essential to use appropriate tests and normative data when working with the Mandarin-speaking population. Although it is ideal to develop original tests and/or normative data for Mandarin-speaking patients residing in the United States, the process can be lengthy. Although these indigenous tests are being developed, a neuropsychological battery with tests validated in Mandarin-speaking regions (e.g., Mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore) can provide valuable information for Mandarin-speaking patients who identify with their home culture/country/region.MethodsA systematic review of two electronic databases (PubMed and PsycInfo) was conducted.ResultsA neuropsychological battery to assess cognitive domains, including global intellectual function, attention/processing speed, executive function, visuospatial/visuoconstruction, language, learning and memory, and emotion, was developed. Cognitive screeners and performance validity measures were also included. The battery consists of core and supplementary measures validated in the Mandarin-speaking population. A case illustration is provided.ConclusionStrengths and limitations of the battery and the role of interpretation in service delivery are discussed. The battery is recommended to clinicians for the evaluation of Mandarin-speaking older adults residing in the United States and other non-Mandarin-speaking regions where local norms are not available.
Cultivating a Relevant Supervisory Space: Culturally Expressive and Responsive Model for Supervision in Neuropsychology
Authors: Stinson Jennifer M , MacDonald Beatriz , Strutt Adriana M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
Provision of supervision is an integral component of training in psychology, a view that was solidified in 2014 with the development of the American Psychological Association created Guidelines for Clinical Supervision in Health Service Psychology ( APA, 2014). Current supervisory standards require several components before a relationship is considered supervisory. Among these are assumptions that the supervisory relationship is respectful and collaborative, that feedback is bidirectional, and that it focuses on the development of competency and professional identity by the supervisee. Although clinical and counseling psychology has created supervision models with a variety of different theoretical orientations focused on multiculturalism, neuropsychology as a specialty lacks cohesive, culture-centric, bidirectional supervisory models.

Method
A systematic review of two electronic databases (PubMed and PsycInfo) was conducted to search for supervision models designed specifically for training in neuropsychology.

Results
A new model for supervision in neuropsychology was developed, coined the Culturally Expressive and Responsive (CER) Model for Supervision in Neuropsychology. The model is dynamic, multifaceted, and bidirectional, integrating sociocultural and linguistic considerations throughout the supervisory relationship.

Conclusions
The different facets of the CER Model are discussed, including its place embedded within a larger equitable healthcare model designed to increase healthcare equity. The CER Model highlights the bidirectional supervisory relationship and is designed to be tailored to the developmental level of the learner, encouraging high quality training and evidenced-based practice. Furthermore, the model encourages a process of identity development that is ongoing and emphasizes self-evaluation and cultural humility rather than a static sense of “competence.”
Perturbations highlight importance of social history in parakeet rank dynamics
Authors: van der Marel Annemarie , Francis Xavier , O’Connell Claire L , Estien Cesar O , Carminito Chelsea , Moore Virginia Darby , Lormand Nickolas , Kluever Bryan M , Hobson Elizabeth A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDominance hierarchies can provide many benefits to individuals, such as access to resources or mates, depending on their ranks. In some species, rank can emerge as a product of a group’s history of social interactions. However, it can be difficult to determine whether social history is critical to rank in observation-based studies. Here, we investigated rank dynamics in three captive groups of monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus). We used experimental social perturbations to test whether social history shapes rank emergence in these groups. Using targeted removals and reintroductions, we tested whether differently ranked individuals could re-take their ranks in hierarchies after reintroduction following their removal period from the group. We performed perturbations that consisted of an 8-day removal and an 8-day reintroduction period of 15 differently ranked focal birds. We found that no focal birds could regain their previous rank immediately following reintroduction and that the top-ranked birds showed greater relative rank loss than middle/low-ranked birds. We also found that morphology, specifically bodyweight, was unassociated with rank. Combined with previous results, this experiment supports the hypothesis that rank in monk parakeet dominance hierarchies is more likely to be an emergent outcome of past interactions and memory rather than based on individual characteristics. Gaining a better understanding of how individuals achieve and maintain rank can give insight into the role of cognition on rank acquisition, as rank position can have significant biological effects on individuals in hierarchically structured groups.
Diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic agents for Sjögren’s syndrome screened through multiple machine learning and molecular docking
Authors: Zhou Liqing , Wang Haojie , Zhang He , Wang Fei , Wang Wenjing , Cao Qiong , Wei Zhihao , Zhou Haitao , Xin Shiyong , Zhang Jianguo , Shi Xiaofei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrimary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, which mainly damages patients’ exocrine glands. Sensitive early diagnostic indicators and effective treatments for pSS are lacking. Using machine learning methods to find diagnostic markers and effective therapeutic ways for pSS is of great significance. In our study, first, 1643 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 737 were upregulated and 906 were downregulated) were ultimately screened out and analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes based on the datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Then, support vector machine, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, random forest, and weighted correlation network analysis were used to screen out feature genes from DEGs. Subsequently, the intersection of the feature genes was taken to screen 10 genes as hub genes. Meanwhile, the analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of 10 hub genes showed their good diagnostic value for pSS, which was validated through immunohistochemistry on the paraffin sections of the labial gland. Subsequently, a multi-factor regulatory network and correlation analysis of hub genes were performed, and the results showed that ELAVL1 and IGF1R were positively correlated with each other but both negatively correlated with the other seven hub genes. Moreover, several meaningful results were detected through the immune infiltration landscape. Finally, we used molecular docking to screen potential therapeutic compounds of pSS based on the hub genes. We found that the small molecules DB08006, DB08036, and DB15308 had good docking scores with ELAVL1 and IGF1R simultaneously. Our study might provide effective diagnostic biomarkers and new therapeutic ideas for pSS.
Individual differences in neural event segmentation of continuous experiences
Authors: Sava-Segal Clara , Richards Chandler , Leung Megan , Finn Emily S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Event segmentation is a spontaneous part of perception, important for processing continuous information and organizing it into memory. Although neural and behavioral event segmentation show a degree of inter-subject consistency, meaningful individual variability exists atop these shared patterns. Here we characterized individual differences in the location of neural event boundaries across four short movies that evoked variable interpretations. Event boundary alignment across subjects followed a posterior-to-anterior gradient that was tightly correlated with the rate of segmentation: slower-segmenting regions that integrate information over longer time periods showed more individual variability in boundary locations. This relationship held irrespective of the stimulus, but the degree to which boundaries in particular regions were shared versus idiosyncratic depended on certain aspects of movie content. Furthermore, this variability was behaviorally significant in that similarity of neural boundary locations during movie-watching predicted similarity in how the movie was ultimately remembered and appraised. In particular, we identified a subset of regions in which neural boundary locations are both aligned with behavioral boundaries during encoding and predictive of stimulus interpretation, suggesting that event segmentation may be a mechanism by which narratives generate variable memories and appraisals of stimuli.
Keynesian expectations, epistemic authority and pluralism in economics: placebo and nocebo effects in normal and abnormal times
Authors: Russell Ellen D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Prominent economists may provide expert guidance to assist the public in forming expectations. Using both Keynes’ theory of conventional expectations formation and lay epistemology, this article argues that prominent economists may have sufficient ‘epistemic authority’ to encourage a self-fulfilling ‘placebo/nocebo effect’, meaning that widely and confidently-held expectations congruent with prominent economists’ guidance encourage economic behaviours that promote the economic outcomes predicted by these economists. This article examines the peripherality of pluralism in the economics discipline as supporting these self-fulfilling dynamics insofar as it: (i) contributes to the public’s capacity to identify and attribute epistemic authority to prominent economists, (ii) encourages sufficient convergence of prominent economists’ expectational guidance that the public can adopt coherent and confident expectations based on this guidance and (iii) facilitates the public dissemination of this expectational guidance. The conclusion considers Keynesian ‘abnormal times’ (such as a Minskian expectational scenario) that may discredit the epistemic authority of prominent economists (and perhaps expert economic knowledge in general) and considers some implications of these circumstances for disciplinary pluralism.
Performance of a consensus-based algorithm for diagnosing anastomotic leak after minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Lemmens Jobbe , Klarenbeek Bastiaan , Verstegen Moniek , van Workum Frans , Hannink Gerjon , Ubels Sander , Rosman Camiel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Anastomotic leak (AL) is a common and severe complication after esophagectomy. This study aimed to assess the performance of a consensus-based algorithm for diagnosing AL after minimally invasive esophagectomy. This study used data of the ICAN trial, a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing cervical and intrathoracic anastomosis, in which a predefined diagnostic algorithm was used to guide diagnosing AL. The algorithm identified patients suspected of AL based on clinical signs, blood C-reactive protein (cut-off value 200 mg/L), and/or drain amylase (cut-off value 200 IU/L). Suspicion of AL prompted evaluation with contrast swallow computed tomography and/or endoscopy to confirm AL. Primary outcome measure was algorithm performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), respectively. AL was defined according to the definition of the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group. 245 patients were included, and 125 (51%) patients were suspected of AL. The algorithm had a sensitivity of 62% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46–75), a specificity of 97% (95% CI: 89–100), and a PPV and NPV of 94% (95% CI: 79–99) and 77% (95% CI: 66–86), respectively, on initial assessment. Repeated assessment in 19 patients with persisting suspicion of AL despite negative or inconclusive initial assessment had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 77–100). The algorithm showed poor performance because the low sensitivity indicates the inability of the algorithm to confirm AL on initial assessment. Repeated assessment using the algorithm was needed to confirm remaining leaks.