bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of low-profile high-gain wideband circularly polarized low RCS single-layer metasurface antenna using characteristics mode analysis
Authors: Rana Sourabh , Jain Priyanka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel circularly polarized (CP) high-gain low-profile single-layer metasurface (MTS) antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide is presented for wideband low radar cross-section (RCS) applications. Characteristics mode analysis (CMA) technique is employed to simultaneously excite the useful modes rather than using conventional technique to achieve circular polarization in the wideband. By analyzing the characteristics modes of the antenna, gain of the antenna is also improved. Experimental results verify good performance of the proposed antenna with a compact size of 0.67λ0 × 0.67λ0 × 0.040λ0. The measured results of the antenna exhibit UWB impedance bandwidth of 96.93% in the frequency range of 3.7–10.65 GHz and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of about 41.8% in the frequency range of 5.3–8.1 GHz. The antenna shows a good radiation pattern with a measured peak gain of 7.9 dBic at 7.97 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves out-of-band scattering suppression in the wide range of 10–24 GHz because of MTS structure with peak RCS reduction of 19 dB at 12 GHz. The proposed antenna can be used for c- and x-band applications.
Activation of Existing Surface Crevasses Has Limited Impact on Grounding Line Flux of Antarctic Ice Streams
Authors: Gerli C. , Rosier S. , Gudmundsson G. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent studies have identified widespread vulnerable ice shelf regions in Antarctica which are both highly buttressed and susceptible to crevasse hydrofracturing, raising concern for potential crevasse driven ice‐shelf collapse and future sea level rise. Here, we employ the finite element ice flow model, Úa, to investigate whether crevasses which have propagated through the entire ice column have a significant impact on upstream flow and quantify their contribution to sea level rise. We find a large variability in the response of ice shelves to this perturbation, with changes in grounding line flux as large as 155% for the Filchner‐Ronne and 46% for the Ross, when compared to the present day. Crevasses located close to the grounding lines contribute most of this change. When compared to a second perturbation in which ice shelves are completely removed, however, the response is relatively small for all modeled ice shelves.
Role of Tropical Cyclones in Determining ENSO Characteristics
Authors: Li Hui , Hu Aixue , Meehl Gerald A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can effectively modulate global tropical cyclone (TC) activity, but the role TCs may play in determining ENSO characteristics remains unclear. Here we investigate the impact of TC winds on ENSO using a suite of Earth system model experiments where we insert TC winds, extracted from a TC‐permitting high‐resolution simulation, into a low‐resolution model configuration with nearly no intrinsic TCs. The presence of TC winds in the model increases ENSO power and shifts ENSO frequency closer to what we observe. TCs lead to an increase of strong to extreme El Niño events seen in observations and not simulated in the low‐resolution model without intrinsic TCs, mainly through enhanced zonal advection feedback and thermocline feedback. Our results indicate that TCs play a fundamental role in producing the ENSO characteristics we experience today in the climate system and point to a two‐way climatological interaction between TCs and ENSO.
Alteration of Magnetic Field Strength in the Strong Crustal Field Region at Mars by Currents Induced by the Solar Wind Interaction
Authors: Renzaglia A. , Cravens T. E. , Hamil O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCrustal magnetic fields on Mars were first found by the Mars Global Surveyor and reported in 1998. One interesting aspect of the interaction between crustal fields and the Martian ionosphere is the impact on total ion loss over time, which is a central question addressed by the Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft currently orbiting Mars. In this work, we seek to improve understanding of the impact of crustal fields on plasma energetics, and consequent ion loss, by examining the effects of ionospheric current sheets that may form at the boundary between crustal and induced magnetic fields. These current sheets will not just affect the external induced field regions but will also affect the observed magnetic fields in the crustal field regions. Variations in field strength should be evident by comparing crustal field models and measured magnetic fields collected by the MAVEN magnetometer instrument (MAG). One way to confirm such variation is to compare dayside and nightside orbit pairs that occur over the same crustal field regions. The induced magnetic field exists mostly on the dayside and is largely absent on the nightside. We examine these orbit pairs and discuss the perturbation of magnetic fields in the dayside ionosphere. We confirm that deviations on the dayside are larger than on the nightside, and that current sheets in the ionosphere could be responsible for these deviations, particularly in the strong crustal field regions.
Nighttime Midlatitude E‐F Coupling in Geomagnetic Conjugate Ionospheres: A Double Thin Shell Model and a Multi‐Source Data Investigation
Authors: Fu Weizheng , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro , Ssessanga Nicholas , Ma Guanyi , Yamamoto Mamoru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGeomagnetic conjugate mid‐latitude nighttime ionospheres are frequently simultaneously populated with electrified nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). Earlier observations and theoretical analysis have underscored the ionosphere E‐F coupling and the postulation of coupled conjugate hemispheres, playing a pivotal role in the formation of electrified MSTIDs. In this paper, the conjugate MSTIDs are studied to elucidate the causes and effects of E‐F coupling in the interhemispheric coupled ionosphere. The hemisphere‐coupled ionospheres over Japan and Australia are observed and analyzed using total electron content (TEC) measurements, supplemented with multi‐source observations from ionosondes, Ionospheric Connection Explorer (neutral wind), Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (electron density), and Swarm (magnetic field). A double‐thin‐shell model is introduced to analyze the ionospheric responses in E and F regions during the coupling process. For the first time, observation results provide the evidence that F‐region geomagnetic conjugate irregularities in both hemispheres are mainly driven by the Es layers in the summer hemisphere. The Es layer in the summer hemisphere subsequently triggers local E‐F coupling and inter‐hemispheric coupling. In the winter hemisphere, Es layers show amplitude reduction or even dissipation during the interhemispheric coupling process. Furthermore, thermospheric winds, non‐equipotential magnetic field lines, and background TEC are presumed candidates for the inter‐hemispheric asymmetry in MSTIDs amplitudes and growth rates.
The Fifth Generation Regional Climate Modeling System, RegCM5: Description and Illustrative Examples at Parameterized Convection and Convection‐Permitting Resolutions
Authors: Giorgi Filippo , Coppola Erika , Giuliani Graziano , Ciarlo` James M. , Pichelli Emanuela , Nogherotto Rita , Raffaele Francesca , Malguzzi Piero , Davolio Silvio , Stocchi Paolo , Drofa Oxana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce the latest version of the RegCM regional climate modeling system, RegCM5. Compared to the previous model version (RegCM4) the main new development is the inclusion of the non‐hydrostatic dynamical core from the weather prediction model MOLOCH, which is more accurate and much more computationally stable and efficient than the previous one. In particular, the new dynamical core is best designed for use at convection‐permitting resolutions of a few km. Several physics schemes and coupled model components have also been upgraded compared to the previous version of the model. A set of test simulations for present day climate conditions at parameterized convection and convection permitting resolutions over different European domains is presented for illustrative purposes. Overall, for these simulations RegCM5 exhibits a better performance than RegCM4 for the majority of statistics analyzed, especially at convection‐permitting resolutions. However, this performance depends on the physics schemes used, and further optimization work is under way to fully test the model in different climate settings and reduce current biases. RegCM5 is a freely available, computationally efficient, flexible, and portable Regional Earth System model designed for community use, so that prospective model users are welcome to access its code and use it for different applications.
Soil Moisture Observations From Shortwave Infrared Channels Reveal Tornado Tracks: A Case in 10–11 December 2021 Tornado Outbreak
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Lin Yun , McFarquhar Greg M. , Park Edward , Gu Yu , Su Qiong , Fu Rong , Lee Kee Wei , Zhang Tianhao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSatellite‐based post‐tornado assessments have been widely used for the detection of tornado tracks, which heavily relies on the identification of vegetation changes through observations at visible and near‐infrared channels. During the deadly 10–11 December 2021 tornado outbreak, a series of violent tornadoes first touched down over northeastern Arkansas, an area dominated by cropland with rare vegetation coverage in winter. Through the examination of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer multi‐spectral observations, this study reveals significant scars on shortwave infrared channels over this region, but none are captured by visible and near‐infrared channels. The dominant soil type is aquert (one of vertisols), whose high clay content well preserves the severe changes in soil structure during the tornado passage, when the topmost soil layer was removed and underlying soil with higher moisture content was exposed to the air. This study suggests a quick post‐tornado assessment method over less vegetated area by using shortwave infrared channels.
The moderating role of eating behaviour traits in the association between exposure to hot food takeaway outlets and body fatness
Authors: Hoenink Jody C. , Burgoine Thomas , Brage Soren , Forouhi Nita , Griffin Simon J. , Monsivais Pablo , Wareham Nicholas J. , Ahern Amy , Adams Jean 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies demonstrated a relation between takeaway outlet exposure and health outcomes. Individual characteristics, such as eating behaviour traits, could make some people more susceptible to the influence of the food environment. Few studies have investigated this topic. We aimed to investigate the moderating role of eating behaviour traits (cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating) in the association between neighbourhood exposure to hot food takeaway outlets (hereafter referred to as takeaway outlets), and takeaway food consumption and adiposity.

Methods
We used cross-sectional data from a cohort in Cambridgeshire, UK (The Fenland study). Takeaway outlet exposure was derived using participants’ residential address and data from local authorities and divided into quarters. The Three Factor Eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) was used to measure eating behaviour traits. Primary outcomes were consumption of takeaway-like foods (derived from food frequency questionnaire), and body fat percentage (measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).

Results
Mean age of participants (n = 4791) was 51.0 (SD = 7.2) and 53.9% were female. Higher exposure to takeaway outlets in the neighbourhood and higher eating behaviour trait scores were independently associated with greater takeaway consumption and body fat percentage. Uncontrolled eating did not moderate the associations between takeaway outlet exposure and takeaway consumption or body fat percentage. The association between takeaway outlet exposure and takeaway consumption was slightly stronger in those with higher cognitive restraint scores, and the association between takeaway outlet exposure and body fat percentage was slightly stronger in those with lower emotional eating scores.

Conclusion
Eating behaviour traits and exposure to takeaway outlets were associated with greater takeaway consumption and body fat, but evidence that individuals with certain traits are more susceptible to takeaway outlets was weak. The findings indicate that interventions at both the individual and environmental levels are needed to comprehensively address unhealthy diets.

Trial registry
ISRCTN72077169
AlphaFold2 and its applications in the fields of biology and medicine
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Zeng Xiaoxi , Zhao Yi , Chen Runsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlphaFold2 (AF2) is an artificial intelligence (AI) system developed by DeepMind that can predict three-dimensional (3D) structures of proteins from amino acid sequences with atomic-level accuracy. Protein structure prediction is one of the most challenging problems in computational biology and chemistry, and has puzzled scientists for 50 years. The advent of AF2 presents an unprecedented progress in protein structure prediction and has attracted much attention. Subsequent release of structures of more than 200 million proteins predicted by AF2 further aroused great enthusiasm in the science community, especially in the fields of biology and medicine. AF2 is thought to have a significant impact on structural biology and research areas that need protein structure information, such as drug discovery, protein design, prediction of protein function, et al. Though the time is not long since AF2 was developed, there are already quite a few application studies of AF2 in the fields of biology and medicine, with many of them having preliminarily proved the potential of AF2. To better understand AF2 and promote its applications, we will in this article summarize the principle and system architecture of AF2 as well as the recipe of its success, and particularly focus on reviewing its applications in the fields of biology and medicine. Limitations of current AF2 prediction will also be discussed.
Genetic architecture of spatial electrical biomarkers for cardiac arrhythmia and relationship with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Young William J. , Haessler Jeffrey , Benjamins Jan-Walter , Repetto Linda , Yao Jie , Isaacs Aaron , Harper Andrew R. , Ramirez Julia , Garnier Sophie , van Duijvenboden Stefan , Baldassari Antoine R. , Concas Maria Pina , Duong ThuyVy , Foco Luisa , Isaksen Jonas L. , Mei Hao , Noordam Raymond , Nursyifa Casia , Richmond Anne , Santolalla Meddly L. , Sitlani Colleen M. , Soroush Negin , Thériault Sébastien , Trompet Stella , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Ahmadizar Fariba , Alonso Alvaro , Brody Jennifer A. , Campbell Archie , Correa Adolfo , Darbar Dawood , De Luca Antonio , Deleuze Jean-François , Ellervik Christina , Fuchsberger Christian , Goel Anuj , Grace Christopher , Guo Xiuqing , Hansen Torben , Heckbert Susan R. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Kors Jan A. , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Linneberg Allan , Macfarlane Peter W. , Morrison Alanna C. , Navarro Pau , Porteous David J. , Pramstaller Peter P. , Reiner Alexander P. , Risch Lorenz , Schotten Ulrich , Shen Xia , Sinagra Gianfranco , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Stoll Monika , Tarazona-Santos Eduardo , Tinker Andrew , Trajanoska Katerina , Villard Eric , Warren Helen R. , Whitsel Eric A. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Arking Dan E. , Avery Christy L. , Conen David , Girotto Giorgia , Grarup Niels , Hayward Caroline , Jukema J.Wouter , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O. , Olesen Morten Salling , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Psaty Bruce M. , Pattaro Cristian , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P. , Rotter Jerome I. , Stricker Bruno H. , van der Harst Pim , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Verweij Niek , Wilson James G. , Orini Michele , Charron Philippe , Watkins Hugh , Kooperberg Charles , Lin Henry J. , Wilson James F. , Kanters Jørgen K. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Mifsud Borbala , Lambiase Pier D. , Tereshchenko Larisa G. , Munroe Patricia B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe 3-dimensional spatial and 2-dimensional frontal QRS-T angles are measures derived from the vectorcardiogram. They are independent risk predictors for arrhythmia, but the underlying biology is unknown. Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies we identify 61 (58 previously unreported) loci for the spatial QRS-T angle (N = 118,780) and 11 for the frontal QRS-T angle (N = 159,715). Seven out of the 61 spatial QRS-T angle loci have not been reported for other electrocardiographic measures. Enrichments are observed in pathways related to cardiac and vascular development, muscle contraction, and hypertrophy. Pairwise genome-wide association studies with classical ECG traits identify shared genetic influences with PR interval and QRS duration. Phenome-wide scanning indicate associations with atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block and arterial embolism and genetically determined QRS-T angle measures are associated with fascicular and bundle branch block (and also atrioventricular block for the frontal QRS-T angle). We identify potential biology involved in the QRS-T angle and their genetic relationships with cardiovascular traits and diseases, may inform future research and risk prediction.
Control of human cytomegalovirus replication by liver resident natural killer cells
Authors: Forrest Calum , Chase Thomas J. G. , Cuff Antonia O. , Maroulis Dionas , Motallebzadeh Reza , Gander Amir , Davidson Brian , Griffiths Paul , Male Victoria , Reeves Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural killer cells are considered to be important for control of human cytomegalovirus– a major pathogen in immune suppressed transplant patients. Viral infection promotes the development of an adaptive phenotype in circulating natural killer cells that changes their anti-viral function. In contrast, less is understood how natural killer cells that reside in tissue respond to viral infection. Here we show natural killer cells resident in the liver have an altered phenotype in cytomegalovirus infected individuals and display increased anti-viral activity against multiple viruses in vitro and identify and characterise a subset of natural killer cells responsible for control. Crucially, livers containing natural killer cells with better capacity to control cytomegalovirus replication in vitro are less likely to experience viraemia post-transplant. Taken together, these data suggest that virally induced expansion of tissue resident natural killer cells in the donor organ can reduce the chance of viraemia post-transplant.
A cognitive behaviour data analysis on the use of social media in global south context focusing on Bangladesh
Authors: Samya Shashwata Sourav Roy , Tonmoy MD. Shaleh Islam , Rabbi MD. Forhad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the factors that contribute to the propagation of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on social media in Bangladesh. We attempted to identify the links between the propagation of misinformation and the factors associated with trust in sources based on personal ties among our respondents. In order to find our targeted outcomes, we used a cognitive method in our survey. A total of 202 replies were chosen for analysis, in which respondents were presented with falsified news and asked how they would react to it being shared or posted by someone with whom they have a personal connection. The survey also recorded a variety of other parameters. The Likert Chart Scale was our primary method of data collection, with Yes/No responses serving as a secondary option. The responses were analysed using statistical methods such as Chi-Square Tests, data visualizations and the Ordinal Logistic Regression Model. Our findings have shown that trust in the source can lead to hastily sharing news on social media platforms without proper verification. Other key factors, such as time spent on social media platforms and the type of content shared, also contribute to the propagation of fake news on social media platforms. Such findings may contribute to making Bangladesh more safe and secured in the cyberspace area.
A machine learning approach for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using elemental contents in fingernails
Authors: Chan Yun-Nam , Wang Pengpeng , Chun Ka-Him , Lum Judy Tsz-Shan , Wang Hang , Zhang Yunhui , Leung Kelvin Sze-Yin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this pilot study was to predict the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by the elemental content in fingernails and urine with machine learning analysis. Sixty seven pregnant women (34 control and 33 GDM patient) were included. Fingernails and urine were collected in the first and second trimesters, respectively. The concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Logistic regression model was applied to estimate the adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The predictive performances of multiple machine learning algorithms were evaluated, and an ensemble model was built to predict the risk for GDM based on the elemental contents in the fingernails. Beryllium, selenium, tin and copper were positively associated with the risk of GDM while nickel and mercury showed opposite result. The trained ensemble model showed larger area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (0.81) using fingernail Ni, Cu and Se concentrations. The model was validated by external data set with AUC = 0.71. In summary, the results of the present study highlight the potential of fingernails, as an alternative sample, together with machine learning in human biomonitoring studies.
A laser-induced mouse model of progressive retinal degeneration with central sparing displays features of parafoveal geographic atrophy
Authors: Khan Adnan H. , Soundara Pandi Sudha Priya , Scott Jennifer A. , Sánchez-Bretaño Aida , Lynn Savannah A. , Ratnayaka J. Arjuna , Teeling Jessica L. , Lotery Andrew J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are no disease-modifying treatments available for geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. Current murine models fail to fully recapitulate the features of GA and thus hinder drug discovery. Here we describe a novel mouse model of retinal degeneration with hallmark features of GA. We used an 810 nm laser to create a retinal lesion with central sparing (RLCS), simulating parafoveal atrophy observed in patients with progressive GA. Laser-induced RLCS resulted in progressive GA-like pathology with the development of a confluent atrophic lesion. We demonstrate significant changes to the retinal structure and thickness in the central unaffected retina over a 24-week post-laser period, confirmed by longitudinal optical coherence tomography scans. We further show characteristic features of progressive GA, including a gradual reduction in the thickness of the central, unaffected retina and of total retinal thickness. Histological changes observed in the RLCS correspond to GA pathology, which includes the collapse of the outer nuclear layer, increased numbers of GFAP + , CD11b + and FcγRI + cells, and damage to cone and rod photoreceptors. We demonstrate a laser-induced mouse model of parafoveal GA progression, starting at 2 weeks post-laser and reaching confluence at 24 weeks post-laser. This 24-week time-frame in which GA pathology develops, provides an extended window of opportunity for proof-of-concept evaluation of drugs targeting GA. This time period is an added advantage compared to several existing models of geographic atrophy.