bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,000 Anamikas: Rangoli’s attempts to break the glass ceiling
Authors: Chavda Mrunal 
Published: September 2023

Learning outcomes
After working through the case and assignment questions, students should be able to develop an understanding of how to identify female leadership competencies; analyze social and psychological barriers to developing female leadership; and consider various solutions to build trust in rural settings by overcoming social and psychological barriers.

Case overview/synopsis
In 2022, Mrs Anjaria, the Managing Director, and Mr Anjaria, the Chairperson of the Rangoli Group of Institutions in Gandhinagar, Gujarat (India), were facing the challenge of how to empower thousands of females in the preschool venture in the rural area as they could see the impact of their female edupreneurs in the urban area. Both had worked up the ladder in the preschool venture after quitting their professional careers in the corporate world. They now wanted to create female edupreneurs to empower women and bring about social and educational change at the grassroots level. They needed to make an informed decision about how to scale the preschool offerings at rural sites to bring educational change and increase revenue simultaneously; however, they were unsure how to execute this vision into a tangible profit-making social edupreneurial reality. Government preschools (Anganwadis) and social structures in rural Indian contexts were a major consideration. It was important to increase their hiring efforts to empower women with their franchise model. However, issues such as leadership competencies, psycho-socio-cultural barriers, and creating trust in rural economies challenged their vision.

Complexity academic level
The case is suitable for MBA students or postgraduate-level courses on development communication, business communication, entrepreneurial communication and gender communication seeking to develop female competencies through communication models. This case illustrates how to create trust through communication among female eduprenuers by overcoming social and psychological barriers in rural settings.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CCS 3: Entrepreneurship
Who gets to choose: a global perspective on gender, work and choice in the post-pandemic workplace
Authors: Dalessandro Cristen , Patterson Daniel , Lovell Alexander 
Published: September 2023

PurposeCompared to the years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, more workers today seemingly have choice over where, when and how they do their work. However, gender inequalities at work and at home persist, which may impact perceptions of choice. Thus, researchers must investigate the potential impact of gender and domestic responsibilities on perceptions of work-related options, including perceptions of workspace choice. Design/methodology/approachUsing an original dataset with workers in North America, South America, Europe and Asia (N = 3,147), the authors conducted logistic regression analyses to explore whether workers felt they had a choice in where they do their work (workspace choice). In addition to gender, the authors considered the effect of domestic responsibilities (childcare and housework) on worker perceptions of workspace choice.FindingsIn the paper's initial regression, the authors found that men (OR: 1.24; 95%CI 1.04–1.48) as well as workers reporting that a partner was responsible for all or most of the housework (OR: 1.80; 95%CI 1.34–2.40) and childcare (OR 1.51; 95%CI 1.09–2.09) reported feeling a greater sense of workspace choice. Simultaneously, follow-up regression analyses found that women and men whose partners had a greater share of domestic responsibility had amplified perceptions of choice. However, surprisingly, men who claimed primary responsibility for domestic work also reported more choice over workspace.Originality/valueUsing an international sample, the authors explore gender inequities in worker perceptions of workspace choice. The authors' findings suggest that domestic responsibilities interact with gender in interesting ways, leading to differences in perceptions of choice in the post-pandemic workplace.
Functional identity of dominant species in a predator community prevails over functional diversity in shaping the top‐down control of herbivores
Authors: Rusch Adrien , D'Ottavio Marie , Hénon Nicolas , Joubard Benjamin , Thiéry Denis , Muneret Lucile 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Decline in species richness as well as changes in community evenness or functional diversity have been hypothesised to jointly affect ecosystem functioning. However, disentangling the relative effects of these changes in community structure is hard as these different aspects often covary with species richness in real‐world ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the individual and interactive effects of functional diversity and community evenness of predators on the level of control of herbivorous prey.

Using a highly replicated mesocosm experiment, we crossed three levels of functional diversity of arthropod predators with two levels of community evenness while controlling for the effect of species richness. Using this experimental setting, we hypothesised that the effect size of functional diversity of predators depends on community evenness. We expected a positive effect of functional diversity of predators on top‐down control at high level of community evenness while we thought that species identity and their associated traits should drive most of the effect on top‐down control at low level of community evenness.

Our results did not provide any evidence for an interaction between functional diversity and community evenness nor any beneficial effect of increased functional diversity overall on predation rates of herbivorous prey. In addition, our results revealed that species and functional identity drives most of the effects of predator community composition on top‐down control of their prey in our study system. Assemblages composed of active hunters with low handling time and no starvation ability tended to have the highest impacts on prey biomass.

By indicating that top‐down control of herbivorous prey by arthropod predators is mainly driven by species and functional identity and not by functional diversity, our study provides insights into the consequences of ongoing species loss on ecosystem functioning. Future research should now explore the predictability of trophic interactions based on functional traits of predator and herbivorous prey to anticipate the consequences of changes in species composition on ecosystem functioning.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Rosiglitazone inhibits acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family number 4 and improves secondary brain injury in a rat model of surgical brain injury
Authors: Shen Jinchao , Qian Min , Wu Muyao , Tang Jiafeng , Gong Yating , Li Jie , Ji Jinfen , Dang Baoqi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a recently discovered non‐apoptotic form of cellular death. Acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family number 4 (ACSL4) is necessary for iron‐dependent cellular death, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by ACSL4 are the executioners of ferroptosis. Rosiglitazone improves ferroptosis by inhibiting ACSL4. There is no research indicating whether ACSL4 plays a role in cell death after surgical brain injury (SBI). This study aimed to investigate the role of ACSL4 in SBI via the ferroptosis pathway. Ninety male Sprague–Dawley rats were examined using a model of SBI. Subsequently, the inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on ACSL4 was assessed via western blot, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence, fluoro‐jade C staining, Perl's staining, ROS assay, and neurological scoring. The results showed that compared with the Sham group, the protein levels of ACSL4 and transferrin were significantly increased after SBI. Administration of rosiglitazone significantly reduced neuronal necrosis, iron deposition, brain water content and ROS in brain tissue and ameliorated neurological deficits at 48 h after SBI, which was concomitant with decreased transferrin expression. These findings demonstrate that SBI‐induced upregulation of ACSL4 may be partly mediated by the ferroptosis pathway, which can be reversed by rosiglitazone administration.
Forest plantation diversification with Leguminosae tree species: Consequences on litter decomposition and nutrient recycling
Authors: Lingeri Paula C. , Piazza Maria‐Victoria , Caccia Fernando D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMixed tree plantations provide greater ecosystem services than monocultures. Leguminosae tree species can be appropriate complements to achieve a sustainable soil management target. A key aspect of species trait complementarity is the litter mixture effects in the litter decomposition process. We evaluated how the mixture of poplar litter (Populus deltoides Marsh.) with Leguminosae tree species modulated the litter decomposition process and C, N and P recycling, through changes driven by the Leguminosae litter chemical traits. Under field conditions, we compared poplar litter alone (monoculture) with its 50:50 mixture with Enterolobuim contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., or Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.). Compared to poplar litter, its mixture with E. contortisiliquum had a 25% lower C:N ratio and a similar N:P ratio, whereas mixture with P. dubium had a 9% lower C:N and a 29% lower N:P ratios. The mixture with E. contortisiliquum showed a 64% faster decomposition rate, and 55% and 203% faster C and N release rates, respectively, compared to poplar. In contrast, in the mixture with P. dubium, there was no difference in the litter, C and N decay rates with poplar litter alone. The mixture with P. dubium had a 37% lower P retention compared to poplar, whereas P was released rather than retained in the mixture with E. contortisiliquum. The mixture with E. contortisiliquum showed a net antagonistic effect in the litter decomposition rate. However, in the mixture, poplar litter decomposed 33% faster and the E. contotrtisiliquum litter decomposed 35% slower than species alone. The C:N and N:P ratios in the litter mixture were relevant traits shaping the magnitude and direction of litter decomposition and nutrient recycling processes. The incorporation of both Leguminosae to monospecific poplar plantations could contribute to counteract P limitation in this system and to improve soil fertility and functioning.
Letter: nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs reduce the risk of post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer
Authors: Tantai Xin‐Xing , Liu Na , Wang Jin‐Hai 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Cheung et al and Cheung & Leung papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15693 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16108
5‐aminosalicylate–intolerant patients are at increased risk of colectomy for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hibiya Shuji , Matsuyama Yusuke , Fujii Toshimitsu , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Saito Eiko , Ito Kimiko , Shimizu Hiromichi , Kawamoto Ami , Motobayashi Maiko , Takenaka Kento , Nagahori Masakazu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Yauchi Tsunehito , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Fujiwara Takeo , Okamoto Ryuichi , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundAlthough 5‐aminosalicylate (5‐ASA) is the therapy of first choice in ulcerative colitis (UC), some patients cannot tolerate it because of side effects. Previous reports have not investigated whether 5‐ASA intolerance is associated with the risk of colectomy.AimTo investigate the associations between 5‐ASA tolerance and colectomy among UC patientsMethodsThe data of UC patients who visited any of three hospitals during 2014‐2018 in and around Tokyo, Japan, were retrospectively obtained from the medical records. Patients were categorized as (a) tolerant to any 5‐ASA compounds (“tolerant to 5‐ASA”) and (b) patients who were intolerant to one or more 5‐ASA compounds leading to refrainment from their further use (“intolerant to 5‐ASA”). The association between 5‐ASA tolerance and colectomy was examined by Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for sex, age, smoking and extent of colitis.ResultsOf 1788 patients, 1684 were “tolerant to 5‐ASA” while 104 were “intolerant to 5‐ASA”. Colectomy was performed in 43 (2.6%) of the patients tolerant to 5‐ASA and 12 (11.5%) of the patients intolerant to 5‐ASA. After adjusting for all covariates, the risk of undergoing colectomy was higher in the “intolerant to 5‐ASA” group than in the “tolerant to 5‐ASA” group (hazard ratio: 4.92; 95% confidence interval: 2.58‐9.38).ConclusionPatients in whom 5‐ASA was discontinued due to intolerance had a higher risk of undergoing colectomy than patients tolerant to their first, second or third 5‐ASA compounds.
Review article: current gaps and opportunities in HBV prevention, testing and linkage to care in the United States—a call for action
Authors: Yeo Yee Hui , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) has set an elimination goal for hepatitis B virus (HBV) by 2030, so a comprehensive review of current HBV testing and care gaps are needed to help formulate solutions and opportunities for action.AimsTo summarise current gaps and barriers, and to propose solutions for HBV prevention, testing and linkage to care in the United StatesMethodsRelevant guidelines and studies were reviewed including a systematic review of HCC surveillance adherence.ResultsA total of 64.5 million (95% CI, 61.3‐67.5) high‐risk US adults had no evidence of HBV immunity. Only 18.6% (95% CI, 13.5‐29.9) of privately insured patients with HBV infection have been diagnosed. Among those with known HBV infection, linkage to care rate (33.3%‐57%) was poor and the adherence to guidelines regarding anti‐viral therapy (30.66% [95% CI, 30.28‐31.03]) and HCC surveillance (8%‐87%, from a systematic review) were poor with even more concerning data for care and treatment retention. The causes are complex and include lack of access to medical care, lack of physician knowledge, lack of patient health literacy and awareness, linguistic and cultural barriers and fear of stigma.ConclusionsA ‘scale‐up’ effort is needed to optimise the care continuum to achieve the WHO 2030 targets. As targeted screening policy has leftover 80% of patients undiagnosed, we advocate for universal screening which can help to remove barriers regarding stigma. More active and system level interventions are also needed to improve linkage to care for patients with HBV infection.
Letter: elevated HBV DNA predicts poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection
Authors: Liu Hao‐Tian , Li Zhi‐Cheng , Li Chuan , Lu Ting‐Li , Zhao Xuan‐Yu , Li Le‐Qun , Ma Liang 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Kao et al and Tseng & Kao papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16097 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16162
Editorial: can quantitative fibrosis assessment be used to enhance prediction of outcomes in patients with alcohol‐related liver disease?
Authors: Moodley Prebashan , Dhanda Ashwin D. 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Israelsen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16111 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16150
Machine learning identifies novel blood protein predictors of penetrating and stricturing complications in newly diagnosed paediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Ungaro Ryan C. , Hu Liangyuan , Ji Jiayi , Nayar Shikha , Kugathasan Subra , Denson Lee A. , Hyams Jeffrey , Dubinsky Marla C. , Sands Bruce E. , Cho Judy H. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundThere is a need for improved risk stratification in Crohn's disease.AimTo identify novel blood protein biomarkers associated with future Crohn's disease complicationsMethodsWe performed a case‐cohort study utilising a paediatric inception cohort, the Risk Stratification and Identification of Immunogenetic and Microbial Markers of Rapid Disease Progression in Children with Crohn's disease (RISK) study. All patients had inflammatory disease (B1) at baseline. Outcomes were development of stricturing (B2) or penetrating (B3) complications. We assayed 92 inflammation‐related proteins in baseline plasma using a proximity extension assay (Olink Proteomics). An ensemble machine learning technique, random survival forests (RSF), selected variables predicting B2 and B3 complications. Selected analytes were compared to clinical variables and serology only models. We examined selected proteins in a single‐cell sequencing cohort to analyse differential cell expression in blood and ileum.ResultsWe included 265 patients with mean age 11.6 years (standard deviation [SD] 3.2). Seventy‐three and 34 patients, respectively, had B2 and B3 complications within mean 1123 (SD 477) days for B2 and 1251 (442) for B3. A model with 5 protein markers predicted B3 complications with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76‐0.82) compared to 0.69 (95% CI 0.66‐0.72) for serologies and 0.74 (95% CI 0.71‐0.77) for clinical variables. A model with 4 protein markers predicted B2 complications with an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI 0.65‐0.71) compared to 0.62 (95% CI 0.59‐0.65) for serologies and 0.52 (95% CI 0.50‐0.55) for clinical variables. B2 analytes were highly expressed in ileal stromal cells while B3 analytes were prominent in peripheral blood and ileal T cells.ConclusionsWe identified novel blood proteomic markers, distinct for B2 and B3, associated with progression of paediatric Crohn's disease.
Review article: Elobixibat: a novel treatment for chronic constipation
Authors: Khanna Lehar , Camilleri Michael 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundA subset of patients with chronic constipation has associated slow colonic transit and reduced faecal bile acid excretion. In addition to traditional approaches to treat chronic constipation, a novel therapeutic option is to increase the colonic concentration of intraluminal bile acids. This can be achieved through inhibition of the ileal bile acid transporter.AimTo evaluate the evidence for efficacy and safety of an ileal bile acid transport inhibitor in the treatment of chronic constipationMethodsWe reviewed published literature on elobixibat, based on a PubMed search.ResultsElobixibat is a novel ileal bile acid transport inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy in proof of concept studies in experimental animals as well as phase 1, 2 and 3 trials in humans. Phase 4 studies have now documented that the beneficial effects are related to increase in the secretory bile acids in the colon as measured by stool bile acid content. The studies documented efficacy in patients with severe constipation, which is often associated with slow colonic transit. These changes in bile acid composition were associated with minor differences in the faecal microbiota in patients treated with elobixibat compared to placebo. Elobixibat appears to be safe. The only adverse effects of note are associated with its pharmacological actions in patients with chronic constipation,namely the induction of diarrhoea and abdominal pain.ConclusionThis new class of compound appears to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of chronic constipation.
Root‐cause analyses of missed opportunities for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gordon Claire , Chee Desmond , Hamilton Ben , Heerasing Neel M. , Hendy Peter , Chanchlani Neil , Lin Simeng , Wesley Emma , Daniels Ian R. , Silva Nishanthi , Osborne Melanie , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Goodhand James R. , Ahmad Tariq 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundColonoscopic surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to earlier detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and reduces CRC‐associated mortality. However, it is limited by poor adherence in practice.AimTo identify missed opportunities to detect IBD‐associated CRC at our hospitalMethodsWe undertook root‐cause analyses to identify patients with missed opportunities to diagnose IBD‐associated CRC. We matched patients with IBD‐associated CRC to patients with CRC in the general population to identify differences in staging at diagnosis and clinical outcomes.ResultsCompared with the general population, patients with IBD were at increased risk of developing CRC (odds ratio 2.7 [95% CI 1.6‐3.9], P < 0.001). The mean incidence of IBD‐associated CRC between 1998 and 2019 was 165.4 (IQR 130.4‐199.4) per 100 000 patients and has not changed over the last 20 years. Seventy‐eight patients had IBD‐associated CRC. Forty‐two (54%) patients were eligible for CRC surveillance: 12% (5/42) and 10% (4/42) patients were diagnosed with CRC at an appropriately timed or overdue surveillance colonoscopy, respectively. Interval cancers occurred in 14% (6/42) of patients; 64% (27/42) of patients had a missed opportunity for colonoscopic surveillance where root‐cause analyses demonstrated that 10/27 (37%) patients known to secondary care had not been offered surveillance. Four (15%) patients had a delayed diagnosis of CRC due to failure to account for previous colonoscopic findings. Seventeen (63%) patients were managed by primary care including seven patients discharged from secondary care without a surveillance plan. Matched case‐control analysis did not show significant differences in cancer staging or 10‐year survival outcomes.ConclusionThe incidence of IBD‐associated CRC has remained static. Two‐thirds of patients eligible for colonoscopic surveillance had missed opportunities to diagnose CRC. Surveillance programmes without comprehensive and fully integrated recall systems across primary and secondary care are set to fail.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Scotland 2000‐2015: trends in demographics, aetiology and outcomes
Authors: Chaudhary Sardar , Mackay Daniel , Pell Jill P. , Morris John , Church Nicholas I. , Fraser Andrew , Stanley Adrian J. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundUpper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains a common cause of presentation and admission to hospital in the UK, with the incidence in Scotland one of the highest in the world.AimsTo investigate the difference in demographics, deprivation quintiles, aetiology of bleeding and clinical outcomes in patients presenting with UGIB to hospitals across Scotland over a 16‐year periodMethodsData were collected using the National Data Catalogue and analysed retrospectively using the National Safe Haven.ResultsWe included 129 404 patients. The annual number of patients presenting with UGIB remained similar over the 16‐year period. Mean age at admission increased from 59.2 to 61.4 years. There was a significant drop in variceal bleeding over time from 2.2% to 1.7% (P < 0.001). The incidence of UGIB was highest in the more deprived quintiles. There was a significant decrease in 30‐day case‐fatality from 10.1% in 2000 to 7.9% in 2015 (P < 0.001), which was observed across all deprivation quintiles. Mean length of stay fell from 3.9 to 2.1 days. There was no difference in 30‐day case‐fatality or mean length of stay between patients presenting on weekdays or at weekends.ConclusionsIn this national study, we demonstrated that case‐fatality and mean length of stay after presentation with UGIB in Scotland has fallen over the past 16 years, despite a rise the in mean age of patients. There is a positive correlation between the incidence of UGIB and deprivation. We found no evidence of worse outcomes among patients presenting at weekends.