bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketplace Leakage
Authors: Hagiu Andrei , Wright Julian 
Published: April 2023

A key issue for the design of online marketplaces is addressing leakage. Buyers may use the marketplace to discover a seller or to obtain certain conveniences, but the seller may then want to take transactions off the marketplace to avoid transaction fees. Assuming buyers are heterogenous in their switching cost or inconvenience cost of purchasing directly, we provide a model in which there is partial leakage in equilibrium. We use the model to analyze the trade-offs associated with different strategies the marketplace can use to attenuate the effects of leakage: investing in transaction benefits, limiting communication, charging referral fees, using price-parity clauses, introducing seller competition on the marketplace, and hiding sellers that try to induce too much leakage. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4757 .
Multimodal Vaccine Distribution Network Design with Drones
Authors: Enayati Shakiba , Li Haitao , Campbell James F. , Pan Deng 
Published: April 2023

Childhood vaccines play a vital role in social welfare, but in hard-to-reach regions, poor transportation, and a weak cold chain limit vaccine availability. This opens the door for the use of vaccine delivery by drones (uncrewed aerial vehicles, or UAVs) with their fast transportation and reliance on little or no infrastructure. In this paper, we study the problem of strategic multimodal vaccine distribution, which simultaneously determines the locations of local distribution centers, drone bases, and drone relay stations, while obeying the cold chain time limit and drone range. Two mathematical optimization models with complementary strengths are developed. The first model considers the vaccine travel time at the aggregate level with a compact formulation, but it can be too conservative in meeting the cold chain time limit. The second model is based on the layered network framework to track the vaccine flow and travel time associated with each origin-destination (OD) pair. It allows the number of transshipments and the number of drone stops in a vaccine flow path to be limited, which reflects practical operations and can be computationally advantageous. Both models are applied for vaccine distribution network design with two types of drones in Vanuatu as a case study. Solutions with drones using our parameter settings are shown to generate large savings, with differentiated roles for large and small drones. To generalize the empirical findings and examine the performance of our models, we conduct comprehensive computational experiments to assess the sensitivity of optimal solutions and performance metrics to key problem parameters. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on Emerging Topics in Transportation Science and Logistics. Funding: This work was supported by the Association for Supply Chain Management (ASCM) and the University of Missouri Research Board (UMSL Award 0059109). Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.1205 .
Evidence of bacterial biofilms within acute wounds: a systematic review
Authors: Patenall Bethany L , Ridgley Joanne D , Jenkins A Toby A , Young Amber E 
Published: April 2023

Objective: The prevalence and role of biofilm formation in acute wounds has seldom been investigated. Understanding the presence of biofilm in acute wounds would allow earlier, biofilm-targeted management, thus decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with wound infection, improving patient experience and potentially reducing healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to summarise the evidence for biofilm formation within acute wounds. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review for studies which reported evidence of bacterial biofilm formation in acute wounds. An electronic search of four databases was carried out, without restrictions on date. The search terms included ‘bacteria’, ‘biofilm’, ‘acute’ and ‘wound’. Results: A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the studies, 69.2% showed evidence of biofilm formation within 14 days of acute wound formation, with 38.5% showing evidence of biofilm 48 hours after wound formed. Conclusion: The evidence from this review suggests that biofilm formation plays a greater role within acute wounds than previously considered.
Effect of supplements/intensive nutrition on pressure ulcer healing: a multicentre, randomised controlled study
Authors: Banks Merrilyn D , Webster Joan , Bauer Judy , Dwyer Kathleen , Pelecanos Anita , MacDermott Paula , Nevin Amy , Coleman Kerrie , Campbell Jill , Hickling Donna , Byrnes Angela , Capra Sandra 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an intensive nutrition intervention or use of wound healing supplements compared with standard nutritional care in pressure ulcer (PU) healing in hospitalised patients. Method: Adult patients with a Stage II or greater PU and predicted length of stay (LOS) of at least seven days were eligible for inclusion in this pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (RCT). Patients with a PU were randomised to receive either: standard nutritional care (n=46); intensive nutritional care delivered by a dietitian (n=42); or standard care plus provision of a wound healing nutritional formula (n=43). Relevant nutritional and PU parameters were collected at baseline and then weekly or until discharge. Results: Of the 546 patients screened, 131 were included in the study. Participant mean age was 66.1±16.9 years, 75 (57.2%) were male and 50 (38.5%) were malnourished at recruitment. Median length of stay was 14 (IQR: 7–25) days and 62 (46.7%) had ≥2 PUs at the time of recruitment. Median change from baseline to day 14 in PU area was –0.75cm2 (IQR: –2.9_–0.03) and mean overall change in Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) score was –2.9 (SD 3.2). Being in the nutrition intervention group was not a predictor of change in PUSH score, when adjusted for PU stage or location on recruitment (p=0.28); it was not a predictor of PU area at day 14, when adjusted for PU stage or area on recruitment (p=0.89) or PU stage and PUSH score on recruitment (p=0.91), nor a predictor of time to heal. Conclusion: This study failed to confirm a significant positive impact on PU healing of use of an intensive nutrition intervention or wound healing supplements in hospitalised patients. Further research that focuses on practical mechanisms to meet protein and energy requirements is needed to guide practice.
Wound pH and temperature as predictors of healing: an observational study
Authors: Derwin Rosemarie , Patton Declan , Strapp Helen , Moore Zena 
Published: April 2023

Objective:The aim of this study was to measure wound pH, wound temperature and wound size together to gain further understanding of their impact as predictors of wound healing outcomes.Method:This study employed a quantitative non-comparative, prospective, descriptive observational design. Participants with both acute and hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds were observed weekly for four weeks. Wound pH was measured using pH indicator strips, wound temperature was measured using an infrared camera and wound size was measured using the ruler method.Results:Most of the 97 participants (65%, n=63) were male; participant's ages ranged between 18 and 77 years (mean: 42±17.10. Most of the wounds observed were surgical 60%, (n=58) and 72% (n=70) of the wounds were classified as acute, with 28% (n=27) classified as hard-to-heal wounds. At baseline, there was no significant difference in pH between acute and hard-to-heal wounds; overall the mean pH was 8.34±0.32, mean temperature was 32.86±1.78°C) and mean wound area was 910.50±1132.30mm2. In week 4, mean pH was 7.71±1.11, mean temperature was 31.90±1.76°C and mean wound area was 339.90±511.70mm2. Over the study follow-up period, wound pH ranged from 5–9, from week 1 to week 4, mean pH reduced by 0.63 units from 8.34 to 7.71. Furthermore, there was a mean 3% reduction in wound temperature and a mean 62% reduction in wound size.Conclusion:The study demonstrated that a reduction in pH and temperature was associated with increased wound healing as evidenced by a corresponding reduction in wound size. Thus, measuring pH and temperature in clinical practice may provide clinically meaningful data pertaining to wound status.
Case-only exome variation analysis of severe alcohol dependence using a multivariate hierarchical gene clustering approach
Authors: Gentry Amanda Elswick , Alexander Jeffry C. , Ahangari Mohammad , Peterson Roseann E. , Miles Michael F. , Bettinger Jill C. , Davies Andrew G. , Groteweil Mike , Bacanu Silviu A. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Riley Brien P. , Webb Bradley T. ,   VCU Alcohol Research Center working group
Published: April 2023

Background
Variation in genes involved in ethanol metabolism has been shown to influence risk for alcohol dependence (AD) including protective loss of function alleles in ethanol metabolizing genes. We therefore hypothesized that people with severe AD would exhibit different patterns of rare functional variation in genes with strong prior evidence for influencing ethanol metabolism and response when compared to genes not meeting these criteria.

Objective
Leverage a novel case only design and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of severe AD cases from the island of Ireland to quantify differences in functional variation between genes associated with ethanol metabolism and/or response and their matched control genes.

Methods
First, three sets of ethanol related genes were identified including those a) involved in alcohol metabolism in humans b) showing altered expression in mouse brain after alcohol exposure, and altering ethanol behavioral responses in invertebrate models. These genes of interest (GOI) sets were matched to control gene sets using multivariate hierarchical clustering of gene-level summary features from gnomAD. Using WES data from 190 individuals with severe AD, GOI were compared to matched control genes using logistic regression to detect aggregate differences in abundance of loss of function, missense, and synonymous variants, respectively.

Results
Three non-independent sets of 10, 117, and 359 genes were queried against control gene sets of 139, 1522, and 3360 matched genes, respectively. Significant differences were not detected in the number of functional variants in the primary set of ethanol-metabolizing genes. In both the mouse expression and invertebrate sets, we observed an increased number of synonymous variants in GOI over matched control genes. Post-hoc simulations showed the estimated effects sizes observed are unlikely to be under-estimated.

Conclusion
The proposed method demonstrates a computationally viable and statistically appropriate approach for genetic analysis of case-only data for hypothesized gene sets supported by empirical evidence.
Identification of reference genes for the normalization of retinal mRNA expression by RT-qPCR in oxygen induced retinopathy, anemia, and erythropoietin administration
Authors: Molomjamts Mandkhai , Ingolfsland Ellen C. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Anemia and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are common comorbidities experienced by preterm infants, yet the role of anemia on the pathogenesis of ROP remains unclear. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a sensitive technique for estimating the gene expression changes at the transcript level but requires identification of stably expressed reference genes for accurate data interpretation. This is particularly important for oxygen induced retinopathy studies given that some commonly used reference genes are sensitive to oxygen. This study aimed to identify stably expressed reference genes among eight commonly used reference genes in the neonatal rat pups’ retina upon exposure to cyclic hyperoxia-hypoxia, anemia, and erythropoietin administration at two age groups (P14.5 and P20) using Bestkeeper, geNorm, and Normfinder, three publicly available, free algorithms, and comparing their results to the in-silico prediction program, RefFinder.

Results
The most stable reference gene across both developmental stages was Rpp30, as predicted by Genorm, Bestkeeper, and Normfinder. RefFinder predicted Tbp to be the most stable across both developmental stages. At P14.5, stability varied by prediction program; at P20, RPP30 and MAPK1 were the most stable reference genes. Gapdh, 18S, Rplp0, and HPRT were predicted as the least stable reference genes by at least one of the prediction algorithms.

Conclusion
Expression of Rpp30 is the least affected by experimental conditions of oxygen induced retinopathy, phlebotomy induced anemia and erythropoietin administration at both timepoints of P14.5 and P20.
Prevalence and determinants of occupational injuries among emergency medical technicians in Northern Ghana
Authors: Awini Ali Baba , Opoku Douglas Aninng , Ayisi-Boateng Nana Kwame , Osarfo Joseph , Sulemana Alhassan , Yankson Isaac Kofi , Osei-Ampofo Maxwell , Zackaria Ahmed Nuhu , Newton Sam 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundEmergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) are the primary providers of prehospital emergency medical services. The operations of EMTs increase their risks of being exposed to occupational injuries. However, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of occupational injuries among EMTs in sub-Saharan Africa. This study, therefore, sought to estimate the prevalence and determinants of occupational injuries among EMTs in the northern part of Ghana.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 154 randomly recruited EMTs in the northern part of Ghana. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on participants’ demographic characteristics, facility-related factors, personal protective equipment use, and occupational injuries. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses with a backward stepwise approach were used to examine the determinants of occupational injuries among EMTs.ResultsIn the 12 months preceding data collection, the prevalence of occupational injuries among EMTs was 38.6%. Bruises (51.8%), and sprains/strains (14.3%) were the major types of injuries reported among the EMTs. The key determinants of occupational injury among EMTs were male sex (AOR: 3.39, 95%CI: 1.41–8.17), an absence of a health and safety committee at the workplace (AOR: 3.92, 95%CI: 1.63–9.43), absence of health and safety policy at the workplace (AOR: 2.76, 95%CI: 1.26–6.04) and dissatisfaction with health and safety measures at the workplace (AOR: 2.51, 95%CI: 1.10–5.71).ConclusionIn the twelve months before to the data collection for this study, the prevalence of occupational injuries among EMTs of the Ghana National Ambulance Service was high. The creation of health and safety committees, the creation of health and safety rules, and the strengthening of current health and safety procedures for EMTs are all possible ways to lessen this.
Comparison of rheological and viscoelastic properties of hyaluronic acid for intraarticular injections
Authors: Prizov A. P. , Zagorodniy N. V. , Lazko F. L. , Nikitin A. A. , Belyak E. A. , Lazko M. F. , Kamenchuk Ya. A. , Il’ina E. A. 
Published: April 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that affects more than 80% of people over 55 years and in its final stages leads to disability. One of the safe non-surgical methods of OA treatment is intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA).Objective: to compare the viscoelastic rheological properties of HA medical products with different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) available in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. The study was carried out using a modular rheometer MCR 302 (Anton Paar, Austria). All measurements were carried out at a temperature of 25.0±0.1 °C using the measuring system "cone-plane" (angle – 2 ˚ , cone diameter – 40 mm, gap height – 0.169 mm). The determination of the elastic moduli (G’) and viscosity (G”) was carried out depending on the frequency in the linear region of the shear stress, and the dynamic viscosity was determined at a shear rate of 1 sec-1.Results. The evaluation of the rheological properties of the studied samples revealed a positive relationship with the concentration of SH and no relationship with the molecular weight of SH. The highest viscoelastic properties were possessed by medical products in the 1% SH group: Armaviscon and Ripart; in the group with SH concentration of 1.5–1.6%, all the studied samples, except for Hyalubrix, showed similar higher results compared to the previous group; in the group with SH concentration of 2–3%, Armaviscon Platinum had the highest results and Flexotron Ultra and Armaviscon Forte – somewhat lower results.Conclusion. The study of the rheological viscoelastic properties of HA medical products is the most accessible method, on the basis of which it is possible to predict the clinical effect.
The climate downturns in China caused by volcanic eruptions in 535–40 CE and by Thera (Santorini) at the founding of the Shang dynasty (1562 BCE)
Authors: Pankenier David W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
It is well known that ancient Chinese written records are an invaluable source of historical information on astronomy, technology, economy, and climate, dating back in some cases to the second millennium BCE. Numerous studies have established that the climatic consequences of the ejection of volcanic aerosols into the atmosphere can have a major impact on the climate worldwide. Here, the Chinese evidence of such a severe climatic anomaly during the decade of the 530s is first reviewed. A preponderance of the evidence from ice cores and tree rings worldwide points to more than one large volcanic eruption during the 530s, although which volcano was responsible has not yet been conclusively established. Even more severe than 1815, the “year without a summer,” due to the eruption of Tambora, in 536–537 summer frosts and snowfall occurred in China causing multi-year drought, crop failures, and catastrophic famine. Study of pre-imperial Chinese texts gives reason to believe that in mid-second millennium BCE a massive loading of the atmosphere with volcanic aerosols from the eruption of Thera (Santorini) may have been the cause of dramatic climatic downturn in the sixteenth century BCE. Dating of the events based on verifiable records of astronomical phenomena suggests that the long-remembered ancient calamity could have been caused by the eruption of Thera in the eastern Mediterranean. This benchmark date can be helpful in establishing a secure chronology of eastern Mediterranean kingdoms in the period.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in fecal samples: validation of the extraction methodology and stability in short-term storage conditions
Authors: Gomes Sandra F. , Melo Francisco Jorge , Silva Rita , Santiago Mafalda , Estevinho Maria Manuela , Dias Sandra , Dias Cláudia Camila , Magro Fernando 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study assesses the clinical relevance of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) membrane exopeptidase as a biomarker of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A spike-and-recovery approach of DPP4 in fecal samples was used to compare two different methods for protein extraction, followed by a stability assessment.

Methods
Fecal samples of healthy volunteers spiked with known concentrations of recombinant DPP4 were processed using a standard manual extraction protocol and the CALEX® protocol. The two methods were compared by quantification of fecal DPP4 by ELISA, followed by Bland-Altman analysis. For the stability assays DPP4 was extracted from fecal samples and stored under different conditions of temperature and time after collection.

Results
In general, the levels of spiked DPP4 in stool samples were lower with the manual protocol than in those obtained with the CALEX® method; this trend was corroborated by Bland-Altman analysis. Nonetheless, variability was within the acceptable limits for both protocols. In the stability assessment, no statistically significant differences were found between the results obtained under the different storage conditions.

Conclusions
Both manual and CALEX® protocols provided equal extraction ability of DPP4 from stool samples. In addition, DPP4 provided flexibility in terms of sample storage enabling the accurate assessment of samples delivered up to a week before analysis.
An accurate method for parameter estimation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using Dandelion optimizer
Authors: Mujeer Syed Abdul , Chandrasekhar Yammani , Kumari Matam Sailaja , Salkuti Surender Reddy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has found widespread use for regulated output voltage applications because of its quick response time and mobility. A different form of hydrogen is employed in fuel cell-based electric vehicles for smart transportation for the reduction of global warming and the development of smart cities. To properly manage the operation of Fuel Cells (FCs), there is a need for accurate modeling. One of the most common challenges is finding the exact values of unknown parameters in the PEMFC. In the current study, a new method called Dandelion Optimizer (DO) is used for parameter identification. DO is used to estimate the parameters of the PEMFC based on Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics. The Ballard Mark V and BCS 500-W PEMFC stacks use the DO method to identify unknown parameters. The performance of the DO algorithm is compared to that of other optimization techniques and the Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) is used to represent the objective function of the current optimization problem. In contrast to traditional and other efficient techniques, the simulation results proposed by the DO algorithm have excellent accuracy in extracting the PEMFC optimal parameters.
Chronotope, technology affordances, and task design: using WeChat to facilitate Chinese learning in the classroom
Authors: Wang Xuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper makes a case for the Bakhtinian concept of “chronotope” in explaining the space–time affordances of technology in second language pedagogy. It examines the production of space–time that intersects online/offline, formal/informal and local/translocal activities in task-based language teaching. Drawing on an example of instructional design using WeChat to facilitate the learning of business Chinese, this paper illustrates that the chronotopic affordances of mobile apps such as WeChat, when creatively integrated with task-based language pedagogy, can significantly expand the learning mobility and opportunities defined by the classroom in its traditional sense. This chronotopic expansion enables learners to be positioned in digitally mediated and simulated scenarios and roles that transcend the space–time of the classroom, closely resembling real-world communication in the globalising world. It is suggested that language task design, taking into account the chronotopic affordances of technology, can facilitate authentic and networked space–time of learning by embedding it in mobile, hybrid, individualised and collaborative contexts. The chronotope concept helps us not only critically understand the complexity of mobile-assisted language learning but also theoretically reimagine the classroom chronotopes and the roles, relationships and processes of learning in an increasingly technology-based knowledge economy in post-pandemic education.