bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of zooplankton to inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic matter: Food quality constraints induced by microbes
Authors: Tang Yali , Su Ling , Xu Ruohua , Wang Sirui , Su Yaling , Liu Zhengwen , Yu Jinlei , Dumont Henri J. , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTerrestrial inputs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) stimulate microbial growth by supplying organic carbon and DOM‐associated nutrients, and thus increase food availability for zooplankton. Terrestrial inputs of DOM might decrease the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in particular organic matter (POM) due to an increase in biomass of EPA‐poor microbes, for example, heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic cyanobacteria, thereby reducing food quality and filter‐feeding zooplankton's biomass. We performed a 26‐d mesocosm experiment where terrestrial DOM was manipulated by adding (treatments) and kept without adding (controls) 13C‐labeled maize leachate to evaluate the effect of food quality changes induced by terrestrial DOM inputs on zooplankton. DOM addition treatments had significantly higher concentrations of POM and Chlorophyll a relative to controls, but significant lower EPA content of POM, responding to increased biomass of bacteria and chlorophytes. Biomass and EPA content of filter‐feeding cladoceran Chydorus sphaericus was significantly reduced by terrestrial DOM addition. Stable isotope analyses showed 13C enrichments in bacteria and cryptophytes in the treatment of 13C‐labeled maize leachate, indicating a growth stimulation of heterotrophic microbes by organic carbon addition. Although the 13C enrichment in Chydorus evidenced the extensive use of terrestrial DOM by this cladoceran, positive relationships between Chydorus biomass and EPA content of POM suggest that terrestrial DOM inputs increase food quality constrains on filter‐feeding zooplankton. Our study suggests that the response of filter‐feeding zooplankton to inputs of terrestrial DOM depends on how the terrestrial inputs change the microbial communities and thus the food quality in the receiving aquatic ecosystems.
Potentiation of Lipotoxicity in Human EndoC‐βH1 β‐Cells by Glucose is Dependent on the Structure of Free Fatty Acids
Authors: von Hanstein Anna‐Sophie , Tsikas Dimitrios , Lenzen Sigurd , Jörns Anne , Plötz Thomas 
Published: January 2023

ScopeLipotoxicity is a significant element in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since pro‐diabetic nutritional patterns are associated with hyperglycemia as well as hyperlipidemia, the study analyzes the effects of combining these lipid and carbohydrate components with a special focus on the structural fatty acid properties such as increasing chain length (C16–C20) and degree of saturation with regard to the role of glucolipotoxicity in human EndoC‐βH1 β‐cells.Methods and resultsβ‐cell death induced by saturated FFAs is potentiated by high concentrations of glucose in a chain length‐dependent manner starting with stearic acid (C18:0), whereas toxicity remains unchanged in the case of monounsaturated FFAs. Interference with FFA desaturation by overexpression and inhibition of stearoyl‐CoA‐desaturase, which catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in the conversion of long‐chain saturated into corresponding monounsaturated FFAs, does not affect the potentiating effect of glucose, but FFA desaturation reduces lipotoxicity and plays an important role in the formation of lipid droplets. Crucial elements underlying glucolipotoxicity are ER stress induction and cardiolipin peroxidation in the mitochondria.ConclusionIn the context of nutrition, the data emphasize the importance of the lipid component in glucolipotoxicity related to the development of β‐cell dysfunction and death in the manifestation of T2DM.
Dual photo/thermal initiation with charge transfer complexes based on bromide‐based electron acceptors
Authors: Ma Qiang , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Liu Yiwu , Graff Bernadette , Lalevee Jacques 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDifferent combinations of donors and acceptors of charge transfer complexes (CTCs) can realize visible light catalysis in multiple wavelength bands. Here, we successfully demonstrated that 2‐bromoacetophenone as an electron acceptor, combined with amines (for formation of CTC), can achieve photopolymerization under LED@405 nm visible light irradiation, initiating the polymerization of (meth)acrylates, and the induction time can be completely eliminated by condition optimization. The CTC was also shown to have dual photo/thermal initiation capability and was eventually applied to 3D printing as well.
KASP genotyping and semi‐quantitation of G275E mutation in the α6 subunit of Thrips palminAChR gene conferring spinetoram resistance
Authors: Shi Pan , Shen Xiu‐Jing , Chen Jin‐Cui , Zhang Yu‐Jie , Cao Li‐Jun , Pang Bin‐Shuang , Liu Li‐Hua , Zhang Ming‐Ming , Hoffmann Ary Anthony , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticide resistance is a long‐standing and growing problem in the chemical control of invertebrate pests. Molecular diagnostic methods can facilitate pesticide resistance management by accurately and efficiently detecting resistant mutations and their frequency. In this study, the kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) approach, a technology for high‐throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, is validated as a useful method for characterizing genotypes at a pesticide‐resistance locus for the first time. We focus on the spinetoram resistance mutation of G275E in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 6 (nAChR α6) subunit gene of Thrips palmi.RESULTSOf the 341 individuals of Thrips palmi tested, 98.24% were successfully genotyped, with 100% concordance with Sanger sequencing results. We then quantitatively mixed genomic DNA of known genotypes to establish 21 DNA mixtures with a resistant allele frequency ranging from 0 to 100% at steps of 5%. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed that 75.8% of original grouped cases were correctly classified; six groups had no overlap in membership (resistant allele frequency: 0%, 5%, 10–75%, 80–85%, 90–95%, and 100%). When we chose 11 pooled samples with 10% steps for LDA, 84.4% of original grouped cases were correctly classified; seven groups had no overlap in membership (0%, 10%, 20–30%, 40–70%, 80%, 90%, 100%). The results indicated that KASP applied to pooled samples may provide a semi‐quantitative estimate of resistance.CONCLUSIONSOur study points to the suitability of KASP for high‐throughput genotyping of genotypes affecting pesticide resistance and semi‐quantitative assessments of resistance allele frequencies in populations. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Inhalation bioaccessibility of inhaled triazole fungicides and health risk assessment during spraying
Authors: Xiao Jinjing , Fang Ke , Zhang Sidong , Jiang Siyuan , Liu Tianhe , Lv Mengjiao , Liao Min , Cao Haiqun , Shi Yanhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmbient air pollution caused by pesticide drift has received great attention. To accurately evaluate the health risk of inhaled pesticides, bioaccessibility should be considered. However, methods to reliably assess pesticide residues remain limited, hindering the precise estimation of exposure assessment. We aimed to optimize an in vitro method for the inhalation bioaccessibility (IBA) measurement of triazole fungicides and to incorporate this into inhalation exposure assessment during pesticide spraying.ResultsThe IBA of triazole fungicides increased logarithmically with extraction duration, plateauing after 6 h. The frequency of agitation displayed a similar pattern, whereas the ratio of solid to liquid between 1/1500 and 1/250 was considerably negatively associated. The predicted values (35.9–53.5%) for IBA based on optimized methodological parameters determined using a response surface methodology showed an acceptable deviation from experimental values (30.7–50.8%), suggesting feasibility for in vitro IBA measurement. Incorporating IBA into calculations of inhalation exposure amount (IE) yielded a value of 8.5 × 10−7−2.1 × 10−5 mg kg−1 day−1, a 50–68% reduction compared to IE based on total amount. Additionally, the safety exposure threshold was determined for triazole fungicides using benchmark dose modelling of data from lung A549 cell proliferation toxicity assays, and in this context, margin of exposure (MOE) values were calculated to be within an acceptable level.ConclusionThis in vitro method supplements bioaccessibility evaluation based on pesticide inhalation exposure, along with the risk to human health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Natural cubic splines for the analysis of Alzheimer's clinical trials
Authors: Donohue Michael C. , Langford Oliver , Insel Philip S. , van Dyck Christopher H. , Petersen Ronald C. , Craft Suzanne , Sethuraman Gopalan , Raman Rema , Aisen Paul S. ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2023

AbstractMixed model repeated measures (MMRM) is the most common analysis approach used in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease and other progressive diseases measured with continuous outcomes over time. The model treats time as a categorical variable, which allows an unconstrained estimate of the mean for each study visit in each randomized group. Categorizing time in this way can be problematic when assessments occur off‐schedule, as including off‐schedule visits can induce bias, and excluding them ignores valuable information and violates the intention to treat principle. This problem has been exacerbated by clinical trial visits which have been delayed due to the COVID19 pandemic. As an alternative to MMRM, we propose a constrained longitudinal data analysis with natural cubic splines that treats time as continuous and uses test version effects to model the mean over time. Compared to categorical‐time models like MMRM and models that assume a proportional treatment effect, the spline model is shown to be more parsimonious and precise in real clinical trial datasets, and has better power and Type I error in a variety of simulation scenarios.
Perinatal diesel exhaust exposure causes persistent changes in the brains of aged mice: An assessment of behavioral and biochemical endpoints related to neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Garrick Jacqueline M. , Cole Toby B. , Dao Khoi , Phillips Ashley , Costa Lucio G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEpidemiological studies support an association between air pollution exposure, specifically particulate matter (PM), and neurodegenerative disease. Diesel exhaust (DE) is a principal component of ambient air pollution and a major contributor of PM. Our study aimed to examine whether early‐life perinatal DE exposure is sufficient to affect behavioral and biochemical endpoints related to Alzheimer's disease later in life. To achieve this, mice were perinatally exposed (embryonic day 0–postnatal day 21) to DE (250–300 μg/m3) or filtered air (FA), and allowed to reach aged status (>18 months). Mice underwent behavioral assessment at 6 and 20 months of age, with tissue collected at 22 months for biochemical endpoints. At 6 months, minimal changes were noted in home‐cage behavior of DE treated animals. At 20 months, an alternation deficit was noted with the T‐maze, although no difference was seen in the object location task or any home‐cage metrics. DE exposure did not alter the expression of Aβ42, phosphorylated tau S199, or total tau. However, IBA‐1 protein, a microglial activation marker, was significantly higher in DE exposed animals. Further, lipid peroxidation levels were significantly higher in the DE exposed animals compared to FA controls. Cytokine levels were largely unchanged with DE exposure, suggesting a lack of inflammation despite persistent lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the findings of this study support that perinatal exposure alone is sufficient to cause lasting changes in the brain, although the effects appear to be less striking than those previously reported in younger animals, suggesting some effects do not persist over time. These findings are encouraging from a public health standpoint and support the aggressive reduction of DE emissions to reduce lifetime exposure and potentially reduce disease outcome.
Portable in situ temperature‐dependent spectroscopy on a low‐cost microfluidic platform integrated with a battery‐powered thermofoil heater
Authors: Katla Sai Krishna , Zhou Wan , Tavakoli Hamed , Méndez Elvia Lilia Padilla , Li Xiujun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA low‐cost microfluidic platform integrated with a flexible heater was developed for in situ temperature‐dependent spectroscopic measurement at the point of care. After verifying the system by comparing on‐chip spectroscopic measurement of methylene blue with the conventional spectroscopy, we demonstrated its applications in temperature‐dependent absorption spectroscopy of a model biomolecule, curcumin. The system is portable, battery‐powered and requires ultra‐low volumes of analytes, which is highly suitable for point‐of‐care characterization.
Blindness associated with presumed bilateral optic neuritis and sphenoid bone osteomyelitis in a dog with leishmaniosis
Authors: Safrany Ben , Rushton James , Barthez Paul Y. , Holmes Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLeishmaniosis is an uncommon, non‐endemic disease of dogs in the United Kingdom, associated with a range of clinical signs. An 11‐month‐old, neutered, female crossbreed recently imported from Macedonia was presented for evaluation of progressive weight loss, lameness and acute vision loss. Joint effusions, bilateral exophthalmos, deficits in menace response and pupillary light reflex were detected. The dog was serologically diagnosed with leishmaniosis. Computed tomography imaging was consistent with osteomyelitis of the sphenoid bones, with associated meningeal enhancement. The dog demonstrated an excellent clinical response to treatment with meglumine antimoniate, allopurinol and amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid, regaining vision within 30 days. This case is the first to report leishmaniosis‐related osteomyelitis of the sphenoid bones resulting in blindness and describes the imaging findings and response to treatment.
Generating cosmological perturbations in non-singular Horndeski cosmologies
Authors: Ageeva Yulia , Petrov Pavel , Rubakov Valery 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We construct a concrete model of Horndeski bounce with strong gravity in the past. Within this model we show that the correct spectra of cosmological perturbations may be generated at early contracting epoch, with mild fine-tuning ensuring that the scalar spectral tilt nS and tensor-to-scalar ratio r are consistent with observations. The smallness of r is governed by the smallness of the scalar sound speed. Arbitrarily small values of r are forbidden in our setup because of the strong coupling in the past. Nevertheless, we show that it is possible to generate perturbations in a controllable way, i.e. in the regime where the background evolution and perturbations are legitimately described within classical field theory and weakly coupled quantum theory.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2* Schur indices
Authors: Hatsuda Yasuyuki , Okazaki Tadashi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We find closed-form expressions for the Schur indices of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2* super Yang-Mills theory with unitary gauge groups for arbitrary ranks via the Fermi-gas formulation. They can be written as a sum over the Young diagrams associated with spectral zeta functions of an ideal Fermi-gas system. These functions are expressed in terms of the twisted Weierstrass functions, generating functions for quasi-Jacobi forms. The indices lie in the polynomial ring generated by the Kronecker theta function and the Weierstrass functions which contains the polynomial ring of the quasi-Jacobi forms. The grand canonical ensemble allows for another simple exact form of the indices as infinite series. In addition, we find that the unflavored Schur indices and their limits can be expressed in terms of several generating functions for combinatorial objects, including sum of triangular numbers, generalized sums of divisors and overpartitions.
Das Reifegradmodell für den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst – Ein Instrument zur Erfassung und Verbesserung des digitalen Reifegrades von deutschen Gesundheitsämtern
Authors: Eymann Torsten , Fürstenau Daniel , Gersch Martin , Kauffmann Anna Lina , Neubauer Maria , Schick Doreen , Schlömer Nina , Schulte-Althoff Matthias , Stark Jeannette , von Welczeck Laura 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Krise verdeutlichte die Schlüsselrolle des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD) mit den rund 375 kommunalen Gesundheitsämtern in der Pandemiebekämpfung. Dabei stellte neben fehlenden personellen Ressourcen auch die unzureichende digitale Reife vieler Gesundheitsämter eine Hürde für die effektive und skalierbare Infektionsmeldung und Kontaktnachverfolgung dar. In diesem Artikel stellen wir das Reifegradmodell (RGM) für die Digitalisierung von Gesundheitsämtern vor, dessen Erarbeitung im Zeitraum Januar 2021 bis Februar 2022 stattfand und durch das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit gefördert wurde. Es findet seit Anfang 2022 Anwendung mit dem Ziel der Stärkung der Digitalisierung des ÖGD. Das RGM zielt darauf ab, Gesundheitsämter Schritt für Schritt anzuleiten, ihre digitale Reife zu erhöhen, um so für zukünftige Herausforderungen gerüstet zu sein. Entwickelt und evaluiert wurde das RGM anhand qualitativer Interviews mit Mitarbeitenden der Gesundheitsämter und weiteren Expert*innen des ÖGD sowie in Workshops und im Rahmen einer quantitativen Umfrage. Das RGM erlaubt die Messung der digitalen Reife in 8 Dimensionen, welche jeweils in 2–5 Subdimensionen untergliedert sind. Innerhalb der Subdimensionen erfolgt eine Einstufung auf 5 verschiedenen Reifegradstufen. Derzeit dient das RGM neben der Erfassung der digitalen Reife der einzelnen Gesundheitsämter auch als Management-Tool für die Planung von Digitalisierungsprojekten. Ziel ist es, auf Basis des RGM eine zielgerichtete Kommunikation zwischen den Gesundheitsämtern zu fördern, um Best Practices für die einzelnen Dimensionen auszutauschen.
Resonante ZCS-Konverter mit beschränktem Arbeitsbereich
Authors: Himmelstoss Felix A. , Jungmayer Michael 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDC/DC-Konverter wandeln eine Eingangsspannung in eine Ausgangsspannung. In diesem Beitrag werden drei solche Konverter behandelt, die aus den drei Grundschaltungen hergeleitet sind. Im Gegensatz zu den Originalstrukturen sind diese nur für einen geringeren Spannungsübersetzungsbereich geeignet, haben aber den Vorteil, dass die elektronischen Schalter immer bei Strom null schalten und die Dioden nicht zwangsweise, sondern immer von selbst ausschalten. Die Gewinnung der Konverterschaltungen wird erläutert, und die Funktionsweisen werden durch mathematische Beschreibung, durch Skizzen und mithilfe des uZ-i-Diagramms erklärt. Weiters werden einige mögliche Erweiterungen der Schaltungen gezeigt.
ACDF versus corpectomy in octogenarians with cervical epidural abscess: early complications and outcomes with 2 years of follow-up
Authors: Lenga Pavlina , Gülec Gelo , Bajwa Awais Akbar , Issa Mohammed , Kiening Karl , Unterberg Andreas W. , Ishak Basem 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cervical spinal epidural abscess (CSEA) is a rare condition, manifesting as rapid neurological deterioration and leading to early neurological deficits. Its management remains challenging, especially in patients older than 80 years. Therefore, we aimed to compare the clinical course and determine morbidity and mortality rates after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus corpectomy in octogenarians with ventrally located CSEA at two levels.

Methods
In this single-center retrospective review, we obtained the following from electronic medical records between September 2005 and December 2021: patient demographics, surgical characteristics, complications, hospital clinical course, and 90-day mortality rate. Comorbidities were assessed using the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (CCI).

Results
Over 16 years, 15 patients underwent ACDF, and 16 patients underwent corpectomy with plate fixation. Between the two groups, patients who underwent corpectomy had a significantly poorer baseline reserve (9.0 ± 2.6 vs. 10.8 ± 2.7; p = 0.004) and had a longer hospitalization period (16.4 ± 13.1 vs. 10.0 ± 5.3 days; p = 0.004) since corpectomy lasted significantly longer (229.6 ± 74.9 min vs. 123.9 ± 47.5 min; p < 0.001). Higher in-hospital and 90-day mortality and readmission rates were observed in the corpectomy group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Both surgeries significantly improved blood infection parameters and neurological status at discharge. Revision surgery due to pseudoarthrosis was required in two patients after corpectomy.

Conclusions
We showed that both ACDF and corpectomy for ventrally located CSEA can be considered as safe treatment strategies for patients aged 80 years and above. However, the surgical approach should be carefully weighed and discussed with the patients and their relatives.
Injective and Tilting Resolutions and a Kazhdan-Lusztig Theory for the General Linear and Symplectic Group
Authors: Tange Rudolf 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLet k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0 and let G be a symplectic or general linear group over k. We consider induced modules for G under the assumption that p is bigger than the greatest hook length in the partitions involved. We give explicit constructions of left resolutions of induced modules by tilting modules. Furthermore, we give injective resolutions for induced modules in certain truncated categories. We show that the multiplicities of the indecomposable tilting and injective modules in these resolutions are the coefficients of certain Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials. We also show that our truncated categories have a Kazhdan-Lusztig theory in the sense of Cline, Parshall and Scott. This builds further on work of Cox-De Visscher and Brundan-Stroppel.
Effect of Cathode-Plasma Coupling on Plasma Torch Operation Predicted by a 3D Two-Temperature Electric Arc Model
Authors: Zhukovskii Rodion , Chazelas Christophe , Rat Vincent , Vardelle Armelle , Molz Ronald J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn a DC plasma spray torch, the plasma-forming gas is the most intensively heated and accelerated at the cathode arc attachment due to the very high electric current density at this location. A proper prediction of the cathode arc attachment is, therefore, essential for understanding the plasma jet formation and cathode operation. However, numerical studies of the cathode arc attachment mostly deal with transferred arcs or conventional plasma torches with tapered cathodes. In this study, a 3D time-dependent two-temperature model of electric arc combined with a cathode sheath model is applied to the commercial cascaded-anode plasma torch SinplexPro fitted with a wide single cathode. The model is used to investigate the effect of the cathode sheath model and bidirectional cathode-plasma coupling on the predicted cathode arc attachment and plasma flow. The model of the plasma-cathode interface takes into account the non-equilibrium space-charge sheath to establish the thermal and electric current balance at the interface. The radial profiles of cathode sheath parameters (voltage drop, electron temperature at the interface, Schottky reduction in the work function) were computed on the surface of the cathode tip and used at the cathode-plasma interface in the model of plasma torch operation. The latter is developed in the open-source CFD software Code_Saturne. It makes it possible to calculate the plasma flow fields inside and outside the plasma torch as well as the enthalpy and electromagnetic fields in the gas phase and electrodes. This study shows that the inclusion of the cathode sheath model in the two-temperature MHD model results in a higher constriction of the cathode arc attachment, more plausible cathode surface temperature distribution, more reliable prediction of the torch voltage and cooling loss, and more consistent thermal balance in the torch.