bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentially toxic elements in the environment – a review of sources, sinks, pathways and mitigation measures
Authors: Nieder Rolf , Benbi Dinesh K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pollution of ecosystems with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has become a global problem with serious consequences for public health. The PTEs are hazardous to humans owing to their longevity, toxicity, and ability to accumulate in the biotic environment. As most PTEs cannot be degraded microbially or chemically, they can persist in soils for a long time. Besides posing a threat to landsphere, they may be transported to surrounding environmental spheres through movement of water, atmospheric circulation, and biological transmission. This can severely affect the ecological equilibrium. Accumulation of PTEs in soils pose serious health hazards to higher organisms leading to various diseases and disorders and significant relationships exist between the occurrence of PTEs and the toxic effects in humans. In natural soils, PTEs accumulate due to weathering of rocks and ores. Furthermore, locally or regionally significant accumulation of PTEs in soils may occur from industrial goods, pesticides and paints, municipal and industrial waste, fertilizer application, mining activities and atmospheric deposition. In response to the growing need to address PTE contamination, remediation methods have been developed employing mechanical, physico-chemical or biological based technologies. In this review, we discuss sources, sinks, pathways and mitigation measures related to natural and anthropogenic PTEs. We focus on As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb which are highly toxic and perform no physiological functions in biota. Further, these are the most widely studied PTEs.
A Learner-Centered Teaching Model
Authors: Cheng Xiaoqiao 
Published: April 2023

A teaching model is a plan or pattern that can be used to shape curriculum, to design teaching materials, and to guide instruction in the classroom and other settings. It is often developed based on specific educational philosophies and teaching theories, providing stable structures and procedures for teaching activities. Teaching models can be illustrations of instructional theories or generalizations of teaching experiences, allowing educational researchers to apply their ideas and concepts to practice, and practitioners to generalize about their instructional experiments and experience (Joyce & Weil, 1996). With the help of teaching models, educators can optimize their teaching methods and promote better learning outcomes for their students.
Construct Validity and Reliability Testing of Perceived Job Stress as an Academic Leader (PJSAL) Instrument
Authors: Yosua Immanuel , Panggabean Hana 
Published: April 2023

This study aims to develop the Perceived Job Stress as an Academic Leader (PJSAL) instrument based on a modification of the Dean's Stress Inventory (DSI) instrument (Wild, et al., 2003). DSI is selected because it can accurately identify the potential sources of stress for a dean, which is also applicable in the context of academic leadership in general. This study involved 214 lecturers who responded to the PJSAL instrument via Google Form. Its construct validity was then assessed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while its reliability was assessed based on Cronbach's Alpha values. The findings show that the PJSAL instrument has strong construct validity and good reliability (α = .965 for the entire instrument; α = .797- .918 for each subscale). The results of the EFA also reveal the existence of 10 factors in the PJSAL instrument, which are extracted from the 38 items composing it. The instrument is found not to be much different from DSI, except for the emergence of a new factor called role ambiguity.
Biological control of soft rot induced by Dickeya solani with Trichoderma asperellum on potato tubers: Relationship with susceptibility of variety
Authors: Ladjouzi Rachid , Bachir-bey Mostapha , Zaidi Farid , Yahiaoui-Zaidi Rachida 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPectobacteriaceae are plant pathogens responsible for serious diseases on many crops of interest including potato. Currently, regarding the several disadvantages of conventional control by chemicals, the application of bio-agents as alternatives is increasingly being explored. The present investigation was conducted in order to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the fungal strain Trichoderma asperellum T34 as an antagonist against phytopathogen Dickeya solani on tubers of three potato varieties (Agata, Monalisa, and Picobello). For this, half-tubers were inoculated by T34 suspension with concentrations of 103 and 105 cells mL−1 at 6, 9, and 12 h before bacterial infection (D. solani at concentrations of 107 and 108 cfu mL−1). The results of infection assays without the antagonist indicated that Picobello variety was the least sensitive to soft rot, Monalisa and Agata varieties showed medium and high sensitivity, respectively. The antagonism assays revealed strong antibacterial activities, manifested by the regression of softened tissues gradually with the time of preincubation with T34, leading to a complete disappearance of disease symptoms using 12 h. Hence, the application of antagonistic Trichoderma strains as antimicrobial agents in the control of harmful plant pathogens is a subject of great interest and can be considered a promising strategy to handle soft rot diseases.
Teaching wrestling at school: proposal of a new pedagogical approach based on games for learning of technical moves
Authors: Melki Hasan , Bouzid Mohamed S. 
Published: April 2023

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of the game based on educational method and technical approach on the performance of legs attacks in free-style wrestling.
Material and Methods. The type of research was semi-experimental. Participants included 20 boys’ students who were divided into two groups based on the game-based approach (10) and technical training (10). The teaching unit was a format of 12 lessons over 4 weeks (2 days per week). Each lesson lasted 60 minutes. At the end of each training session, the participants played benchmark bouts, one on one, for 2 x 6 minutes. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results. The results showed that both the game-based and technical approach groups had a significant improvement in successful leg attacks in free-style wrestling. With regard to the preparation of leg attacks, there was no improvement for the technical approach group. However, the game-based group had a significant improvement in the total number of attacks compared to the technical group.
Conclusions. The results suggest that the use of a game-based educational method can significantly increase the important factors of wrestling performance related to leg attacks in young wrestlers. Teachers can connect actions from other technical movements from the same family of leg attacks.
Analysis of gross motoric analysis of elementary school students: A comparative study of students in hill and coastal areas
Authors: Juni Samodra Y Touvan , Suryadi Didi , Wati Isti Dwi Puspita , Supriatna Eka , Santika I Gusti Putu Ngurah Adi , Suganda Mikkey Anggara , Dewi Putu Citra Permana 
Published: April 2023

Background and Study Aim. Motor skills are a very important ability for every student to have because they can affect their full development. However, the growth and development of elementary school-age children is likely to be influenced by environmental factors such as family, social environment, school environment. This study aims to determine differences in gross motor skills in elementary school students in lower grades in hilly and coastal areas. Material and Methods. This research includes quantitative research with a cross sectional study approach. In this study were given tests and measurements to measure gross motor skills in elementary school students using the Gross Motor Development-2 Test (TGMD-2): running tests, gallops, hops, horizontal jumps, leaps, slides, striking a stationary ball, stationary dribble, catch, kick, overhand throw, and underhand roll. The subjects in this study were male students in the lower grades of SD Negeri 38 Nanga Tayap in the hilly area and SD Negeri 27 Sungai Kakap in the coastal area. The purposive sampling technique resulted in a sample of 45 samples consisting of 21 students from hilly areas and 24 students from coastal areas. Data analysis in this study was assisted by the SPSS Version 26 application. Results. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in gross motor skills between students in hilly areas and coastal areas. The results also show that the gross motor skills of students in hilly areas are classified as low. These results tend to be in the Poor category. Compared to the gross motor skills of students in coastal areas which show a Very Superior dominance. Conclusions. The results of the study proved that the gross motor skills of students in hilly and coastal areas had significant differences. These findings have provided additional references regarding gross motor skills of students. This can be used as material for evaluation by teachers and sports practitioners in designing suitable programs to stimulate gross motor skills in elementary school students.
Comparison of physiological characteristics and physical performance measures among athletes from random intermittent dynamic type sports
Authors: Ahsan Mohammad , Feroz Ali Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

Background and Study Aim. The physiological [Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), Force Vital Capacity (FVC)] and physical performance measures [power, dynamic balance, flexibility, agility, and speed] are the key determinants in random intermittent dynamic type sports which enable the players to address decisive situations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the physiological and physical measures among athletes from random intermittent dynamic type sports. Material and Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study with 56 male athletes, 14 in each sport (Rugby, Soccer, Volleyball, Futsal) was conducted. The mean age was 23.59±4.27 years, body mass 71.96±10.10 kg, body height 174.71±6.82 cm, and BMI 23.51±2.38 kg/m2. Physiological characteristics and physical performance measures were measured by using dry spirometer and functional tests respectively. A one-way analysis of variance test was performed to determine differences between athletes for physiological and physical performance measures. Results. There were significant differences for physiological characteristics (VO2max, PIF, PEF, and FVC) and physical performance measures (power, dynamic balance, flexibility, agility and speed) in athletes from random intermittent dynamic type sports. Conclusions. These findings showed significant differences for physiological and physical performance characteristics among athletes from random intermittent dynamic type sports. These measures are responsible for improving physiological and physical performance to achieve top athletic achievements. While constructing the training program, morphological and functional factors should be considered based on the game’s nature.
Effectiveness of Inclusive Physical Education Classes on the Ability to Perform Rhythmic Activities of Students with Disabilities
Authors: Blavt Oksana 
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study was to reveal the effectiveness of inclusive physical education classes on the ability to perform rhythmic activities and the state of health of students with disabilities in the process of implementing a differentiated physical education program.
Materials and methods. The experiment was attended by 30 students with disabilities. To determine the effectiveness of the differentiated program of physical education for students with disabilities, pedagogical testing has been used.
Results. According to the results of the experiment, it was established that the use of the developed differentiated program of physical education for students with disabilities made it possible to improve the level of ability to perform rhythmic activities during the period of the experiment. It was established that the implementation of the content of the test control provided by the differentiated program during the physical education of students with disabilities provides a positive effect (at the level of p<0.05) in solving the tasks, as evidenced by the test results. In conclusion, the average values with which the level of physical education correlates with health, of which corresponded to the “low” level, passed into the range of values that correspond to “below average” (72.4%), in others, indicators of physical health showed a tendency to improve.
Conclusions. It was determined that a special role in the context of solving the issue of inclusive education in institutions of higher education is assigned to physical education, which is aimed at eliminating existing negative trends in the physical development and health of students with disabilities. The analysis of the final data at the end of the experiment testifies to the benefit of the implemented development of pedagogical actions, which proves the need for the introduction of innovations, and fundamentally new approaches to the formation of programs of inclusive physical education based on a differentiated approach.
A prospective study of diabetes in pregnancy and its impact on pregnancy outcome
Authors: Sampada  , Kurude Vilas N. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Diabetes complicating pregnancy has become common worldwide. However due to advances in the management of diabetes and its complications, there has been an overall improvement in the maternal and perinatal outcome. Diabetes occurs quite often during pregnancy even in unsuspected cases which can be either pregestational diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to study the impact of diabetes on pregnancy outcome.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynaecology of a tertiary care centre over a period of 18 months (January 2019 to June 2020). All patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination followed by relevant investigations such as complete blood count, blood sugars, HbA1C, renal function test, liver function test, urine albumin/sugar/ketones including ultrasonography obstetrics, congenital anomaly scan and doppler study of uterine and umbilical artery. All the data was compiled in Microsoft excel-sheet and was subjected to appropriate statistical tests.
Results: Incidence of diabetes was found to be 9.72 % in our study population which included gestational diabetes mellitus (77/107) as well as overt diabetes (30). Diabetes was found to be more common in overweight and obese patients (75.7%). Macrosomia (19.6%) followed by polyhydramnios (15.6%) was the most common complication seen in pregnancy complicated by diabetes. Most common neonatal complication seen was hyperbilirubinemia 19(17.75%) and respiratory distress 18 (16.82%) in babies born to diabetic mother.
Conclusions: Pregnant women with diabetes have more maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications, with overt diabetic group being more prone to complications.
Clinical profile and outcome of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Boopathy D. , Asokan P. K. , Yeshwanth T. R. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic endocrine disorder, once prevalent in developed countries has become the leading ‘global epidemic’. WHO estimated that in the year 2000. Roughly 3% of the total world population had Diabetes. In India around 61million of general population affected in 2011 which may rise to 101 million by 2030. The aim of the study was to study the clinical profile and outcome of diabetic foot ulcers. The clinical profile of 120 patients with diabetic foot ulcer was studied.
Methods: Patients with diabetic foot ulcer of both genders with age above 30 years willing to participate were included in the study. All patients were subjected to routine diabetic work up with Doppler study and X-ray foot to rule out bone involvement.
Results: The majority of patients with diabetic foot ulcers were of age group 51 to 60 years, male predominant, 84 patients out of 120 isolated included for study, 24 (28.6%) isolates had Klebsiella, 46(54.8%) isolates Pseudomonas, 14 (16.7%) isolates has E.coli.
Conclusions: Our study gives important information that diabetic foot ulcer is more common among middle-aged people with male predominance which gives the importance of screening diabetic patients for neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease.
COVID-19 associated mucormycosis and COVID-19 vaccination status
Authors: Godse Ashwini , Raj Shivalingaiah Pruthvi , Mujahid Zaaraasmat Ahesannawaz , Kalyanapura Gurumurthy Manjula , Elachola Yumna Beegum , Johnson Jewel Christy 
Published: April 2023

Background: Mucormycosis is lethal angio invasive fungal infection affecting mainly the immunocompromised individuals. During second wave of COVID-19 pandemic there was rise in number of rhino-orbito-cerebral (ROCM) cases in both COVID-19 affected patients and patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection. This study was conducted to know the anatomical site and extent of involvement in head and neck region in both COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted between May 2021 and November 2021 at Bowring and lady Curzon hospital, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee medical college and research institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. 358 patients with post-covid RTPCR negative rhino-orbital mucormycosis were included in the study. The demographic data, COVID-19 vaccination status and anatomical sites of involvement in the patients was collected and analysed.
Results: 4 (1.11%) patients were fully vaccinated with 2 doses of covid vaccine, 18 (5.02%) patients were partially vaccinated, 336 (93.85%) were unvaccinated. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-60 years in all the groups. In unvaccinated group, majority of the patients presented with stage II/III disease (48.51%; 39.88% respectively) and 39 (11.60%) patients with stage IV ROCM.
Conclusions: The extent and severity of ROCM was higher in COVID-19 unvaccinated patients as compared to vaccinated group. Further studies are required to determine the role of COVID-19 vaccine in reducing the severity of the of ROCM.
Efficacy of nasal irrigation of normal saline as compared to budesonide following functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Anjum Areena , Majeed Farkhanda , Mir Shahid A. , Kalsotra Parmod , Showket Zuha 
Published: April 2023

Background: Nasal irrigation following Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) appears to be a nearly universal recommendation. FESS significantly improves the symptoms of the CRS (Chronic rhino sinusitis) and the postoperative endoscopy scores. The primarily objective of our study was to study the efficacy of nasal irrigation of normal saline as compared to budesonide following functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Methods: A total of 100 patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly divided into two groups on the basis of computerized generated random table with 50 patients in each group. In group 1 normal saline was used where as in group 2 budesonide solution was used for nasal douching. Post-operative evaluation was done using Lund Kennedy Endoscopic scoring (LKES) at the 7th and 30th postoperative day.
Results: On 7th postoperative day, we found that none of our patient in the study groups had polypoidal change. There was decrease in scores of polyposis, discharge mucosal edema, scaring and crusting in both the groups. However, the reduction of discharge in the budesonide group was more significantly decreased than normal saline group (p value<0.05). We also noted that on 30th postoperative edema, scarring and crusting was significantly decreased in budesonide group as compared to normal saline group (p value <0.05).
Conclusions: We concluded that the addition of budesonide in nasal irrigation resulted in improved scores of polyposis, discharge, mucosal edema, crusting and scarring and total score of LKES than normal saline alone.
Level of conus medullaris termination in adult Kashmiri population: a magnet resonance imaging-based study
Authors: Neha Zahoor Sheikh , Rashid Baseerat , Nazir Sabia , Ahmad Khan Naseer , Khan Javed Ahmad , Mubashir Yousuf Syed , Bhat Ghulam Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

Background: The spinal cord is considered as the principle content of vertebral canal. It begins as a downward extension of medulla oblongata at the level of upper border of first cervical vertebrae (C1). The terminal part of spinal cord is conical and is termed as conus medullaris. In adults the level of termination of conus medullaris varies between T12 to L3 vertebrae. The level of termination of conus medullaris is clinically important to avoid injuries during spinal anaesthesia and lumber puncture.
Methods: The saggital magnetic resonance images of 168 patients were reviewed in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Srinagar from January 2022 to June 2022. The most caudal point of the cord was considered as the tip of conus medullaris. A line was drawn through the tip perpendicular to the long axis of spinal cord to determine its location with adjacent vertebra.
Results: The level of conus medullaris termination was most commonly located at T12-L1 intervertebral disc level. The results revealed a significant statistical difference in levels of termination of conus medullaris with respect to age and sex.
Conclusions: In literature, the highest level of conus medullaris termination is stated to be at T11-T12 Intervertebral disc and the lowest level at the body of L3 vertebra. Therefore, spinal anaesthesia and lumber puncture procedure should be done below L3 vertebral body in order to avoid iatrogenic complications.
Comparison of the incisions used in neck dissection for oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review
Authors: Pasham Pavan Goud , Ananthappan Manoj , Jesudasan James S. , Venkata Mahipathy Surya Rao Rao 
Published: April 2023

Oral cancers are a signiﬁcant disease group with more than 404,000 new cases worldwide in 2002. The most common cancer of the oral cavity is the squamous cell carcinoma; constituting 95%. The 5-year survival is around 50%. Surgery can be combined with any combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Spread of the tumour to the cervical nodes is an early and consistent event in the natural history. The extent of cervical involvement is reﬂected in the staging of the tumour and has prognostic implications. Surgical dissection of the cervical lymph nodes at risk of metastasis may be undertaken as part of the management of the primary tumour. This may be accomplished by classic radical neck dissections, supra ohmohyoid neck dissection, selective neck dissection etc. The aim of the present review is to compare the clinical efficacy, the postoperative complications and the aesthetic outcome of the various incisions used in neck dissection for squamous cell carcinoma. A total of six comparative studies and randomized control studies were included in this systematic review, out of a total of 175 articles yield following the search strategy, from PubMed and Mesh databases. The incisions were compared for access, healing and cosmetic outcome. Trifurcate incisions (‘Y’ incision) were found to have the maximum incidence of wound dehiscence. The apron incision has no reported wound dehiscence and has been described as a robust flap. As far as cosmetics and access as a whole is concerned the reversed hockey stick incision is superior.