bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum Atom Engineered Vanadium Disulfide for Boosted High‐Capacity Li‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhao Jie , Xiao Dongdong , Wan Qi , Wei Xijun , Tao Gang , Liu Yu , Xiang Yuefei , Davey Kenneth , Liu Zhiwei , Guo Zaiping , Song Yingze 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA drawback with lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) lies in the unstable lithium storage which results in poor electrochemical performance. Therefore, it's of importance to improve the electrochemical functionality and Li‐ion transport kinetics of electrode materials for high‐performance lithium storage. Here, a subtle atom engineering via injecting molybdenum (Mo) atoms into vanadium disulfide (VS2) to boost high capacity Li‐ion storage is reported. By combining operando, ex situ monitoring and theoretical simulation, it is confirmed that the 5.0%Mo atoms impart flower‐like VS2 with expanded interplanar spacing, lowered Li‐ion diffusion energy barrier, and increased Li‐ion adsorption property, together with enhanced e− conductivity, to boost Li‐ion migration. A “speculatively” optimized 5.0% Mo‐VS2 cathode that exhibits a specific capacity of 260.8 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 together with a low decay of 0.009% per cycle over 500 cycles is demonstrated. It is shown that this value is ≈1.5 times compared with that for bare VS2 cathode. This investigation has substantiated the Mo atom doping can effectively guide the Li‐ion storage and open new frontiers for exploiting high‐performance transition metal dichalcogenides for LIBs.
One Droplet toward Efficient Alcohol Detection Using Femtosecond Laser Textured Micro/Nanostructured Surface with Superwettability
Authors: Deng Qinwen , Yin Kai , Wang Lingxiao , Zhang Hao , Huang Qiaoqiao , Luo Zhi , He Jun , Duan Ji‐An 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlcohol with different concentrations is commonly used in food, industry, and medicine fields all over the world. However, current methods for detecting alcohol concentration are restricted to large sample consumption, additional senergy consuming, or complex operations. Here, inspired by superwettability of lotus leaves, a superhydrophobic and superorganophilic surface is designed on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for one droplet efficient alcohol detection, which is prepared via femtosecond laser direct writing technology. Meanwhile, the contact angles of droplets with various alcohol concentrations on the laser‐treated PDMS (LTP) surface are different. Based on the above characteristic, alcohol concentration through contact angle measurement without any external energy is directly detected, which is simple and efficient. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the LTP surface remains stable wettability after 1000 water–ethanol cycles and 300 days tests in air, indicating strong surface repeatability and stability. Significantly, the LTP surface has a broad potential application in one droplet detecting alcohol concentration, fake or genuine wine, and alcohol molecules. This work provides a new strategy to fabricate a superwetting surface for efficient one droplet alcohol detection.
Revised taxonomy of the tribe Leptospermeae (Myrtaceae) based on morphological and DNA data
Authors: Wilson Peter G. , Heslewood Margaret M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNew insights into relationships in the tribe Leptospermeae (Myrtaceae) are presented based on phylogenetic analyses of a 6‐locus, 109‐taxon dataset comprising 98 taxa sampled from all nine genera currently recognised in tribe Leptospermeae, including 76 accessions of Leptospermum s.l., and 11 outgroups representing five related tribes. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses of separate plastid and nuclear datasets resolved five major lineages within Leptospermum, which was found to be polyphyletic with respect to other genera in the tribe, including Homalospermum, Kunzea and Neofabricia. These results concur with relationships identified in the companion phylogenomic study of the tribe by Binks & al. We also tested congruence of ovule/seed characters with the clades and the possible synapomorphy of hemitropous ovules for Asteromyrtus + Agonis s.l. To better reflect the wide variation seen in Leptospermum s.l., the genus is here restricted to members of the clade of woody‐fruited taxa found in eastern Australia, New Zealand, the Cook Islands and Malesia. To accommodate the four distinct clades of non‐woody‐fruited taxa, Leptospermopsis is reinstated for one western Australian lineage, and three new genera Apectospermum, Aggreflorum, and Gaudium are created for the other western and two largely eastern lineages, respectively, and 45 new combinations made. A key to Leptospermum and the newly segregated genera is presented. Additionally, eight names are lectotypified.
Diversity of fatty acid biosynthesis genes across the soybean pangenome
Authors: Derbyshire Mark C. , Marsh Jacob , Tirnaz Soodeh , Nguyen Henry T. , Batley Jacqueline , Bayer Philipp E. , Edwards David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is a major crop that contributes more than half of global oilseed production. Much research has been directed towards improvement of the fatty acid profile of soybean seeds through marker assisted breeding. Recently published soybean pangenomes, based on thousands of soybean lines, provide an opportunity to identify new alleles that may be involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. In this study, we identify fatty acid biosynthesis genes in soybean pangenomes based on sequence identity with known genes and examine their sequence diversity across diverse soybean collections. We find three possible instances of a gene missing in wild soybean, including FAD8 and FAD2‐2D, which may be involved in oleic and linoleic acid desaturation, respectively, although we recommend follow‐up research to verify the absence of these genes. More than half of the 53 fatty acid biosynthesis genes identified contained missense variants, including one linked with a previously identified QTL for oil quality. These variants were present in multiple studies based on either short read mappings or alignment of reference grade genomes. Missense variants were found in previously characterized genes including FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B, both of which are involved in desaturation of oleic acid, as well as uncharacterized candidate fatty acid biosynthesis genes. We find that the frequency of missense alleles in fatty acid biosynthesis genes has been reduced significantly more than the global average frequency of missense mutations during domestication, and missense variation in some genes is near absent in modern cultivars. This could be due to the selection for fatty acid profiles in seed, though future work should be conducted towards understanding the phenotypic impacts of these variants.
A fast‐integrated x‐ray emission spectrometer dedicated to the investigation of Pt presence in gold Celtic coins (3rd–1st century BCE)
Authors: Zymaková Anna , Kantarelou Vasiliki , Stanček Stanislav , Bursak Daniel , Danielisová Alžběta , Anagnostopoulos Dimitrios F. , Greplová Žáková Martina , Błachucki Wojciech , Andreasson Jakob , Margarone Daniele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith this study, we present the development of a transportable x‐ray emission spectrometer (XES) that was realized in a net time of 20 h, in order to verify the presence of Platinum (Pt) in gold Celtic coins belonging to 3rd–1st century BCE. Prior to the XES study, measurements using Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) revealed that the coins were made of highly concentrated gold (Au) alloy with trace amounts of bismuth (Bi) and, in one case, osmium (Os) and iridium (Ir). Os and Ir together with Pt and other components belong to the Platinum Group Elements (PGE). They form inclusions in ancient gold alloys and their presence is significant in provenance studies since they indicate the use of alluvial gold. Detection of platinum trace elements in a golden matrix is not possible using energy dispersive x‐ray emission techniques (SEM‐EDS, ED‐XRF, or PIXE) because of the limited energy resolution of the Si detectors. A way to overcome this problem is by using a high‐resolution wavelength dispersive x‐ray emission technique. For this purpose, we built a crystal spectrometer in Von‐Hamos geometry. In the framework of this study three samples/coins have been measured, and the presence of Pt was verified in one of them. The limitations of our spectrometer are critically evaluated and ways to optimize the performance of the spectrometer are discussed.
Turing‐Turing and Turing‐Hopf bifurcations in a general diffusive Brusselator model
Authors: Chen Mengxin , Wu Ranchao , Liu Biao , Chen Liping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA general reaction‐diffusion Brusselator model subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions is investigated in this paper. First, the stability of the unique positive equilibrium is studied, and we identify the existence of the Hopf bifurcation. Then, occurrence conditions of the Turing instability, the Turing‐Turing, and the Turing‐Hopf bifurcations are established. To explore the spatiotemporal solutions resulting from the bifurcation, the amplitude equations of the Turing‐Turing and the Turing‐Hopf bifurcations are established via the method of multiple time scale. It is found that the model admits the nonconstant steady state, the mixed nonconstant steady state, the spatially homogeneous periodic solution, and the spatially nonhomogeneous periodic solution. As such, the nonhomogeneous spatiotemporal solutions appear in the model. In the end, numerical simulations verify the validity of the theoretical results.
The Internet of Production: Interdisciplinary Visions and Concepts for the Production of Tomorrow
Authors: Brecher Christian , Padberg Melanie , Jarke Matthias , Aalst Wil van der , Schuh Günther 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChanges in society require changes in our industrial production. In order to remain competitive in the future, the masses of data available in production must be used urgently. This is still a challenge because data are often not accessible or understandable. Therefore, we developed the Internet of Production (IoP) concept which aims to collect, unify, and exploit different data sources and improve production. To this end, the various research domains of production technology, the need for a common infrastructure, and the concept of the Digital Shadow are presented. The vision can only be achieved through interdisciplinary cooperation between different disciplines. Therefore, the joint approach is explained and common research topics are presented. Interdisciplinary cooperation is the key for further steps to achieve the common vision.
Concepts in Water Security, Natural Assurance Schemes and Nature-Based Solutions
Authors: van der Keur Peter , Van Cauwenbergh Nora , López Gunn Elena , Godinez Madrigal Jonatan , Le Coent Philippe , Giordano Raffaele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides the context of water security for ecosystem-based approaches, notably nature-based solutions (NBS) operationalized in natural assurance schemes (NAS). The huge potential and value of nature-based solutions to both mitigate the effect of water while providing large and important co-benefits is addressed in this book and for this a deeper understanding is needed on how this contributes to water security and how barriers to implementation of NBS and NAS can be overcome. Firstly, relevant concepts and approaches of water security are introduced and reviewed; secondly, the assurance and insurance value is elaborated upon as distinct properties of ecosystem-based approaches; thirdly, the concepts of readiness levels for technology and knowledge, socio-institutionality and investment are introduced to address barriers for the operationalization of the value of ecosystem-based schemes to develop and harvest the full potential of climate resilient investments while addressing EU policies, including the Green Deal, Climate Adaptation Strategy and Strategy for Biodiversity. Finally, based on this chapter, overarching questions are posed which are addressed and discussed in the course of this book.
Natural Flood Management in the Thames Basin: Building Evidence for What Will and Will Not Work
Authors: Mulligan Mark , van Soesbergen Arnout , Douglas Caitlin , Burke Sophia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter is written primarily for those planning to implement, or wanting to evaluate the effectiveness of, natural flood management (NFM) interventions. To support evidence-based decision making, we describe applications of a range of spatial Policy Support Systems as well as the Eco:Actuary Investment Planner, which focuses on understanding the investment costs associated with different types and magnitudes of NFM. We also outline deployment of //Smart: monitoring equipment to evaluate existing NFM interventions. We focused on three types of NFM intervention – leaky debris dams, retention ponds and regenerative agriculture, all of which are deployed in the Thames Basin of the United Kingdom. In 2017, the UK government encouraged and funded NFM projects by community groups and local councils. This funding came with an obligation to monitor how well the interventions worked. However many organisations lacked the technical and/or financial capacity to undertake this monitoring within the financial constraints of the grant (most projects were <50 K GBP). Responding to this need, we developed novel, low-cost decision support tools, monitoring equipment and protocols which are described in Chap. 4. Here, in Chap. 12 we apply two of these tools: the Eco:Actuary Investment Planner and the FreeStation low-cost monitoring systems, in projects throughout the Thames Basin.
Giving Room to the River: A Nature-Based Solution for Flash Flood Hazards? The Brague River Case Study (France)
Authors: Piton Guillaume , Arfaoui Nabila , Gnonlonfin Amandine , Marchal Roxane , Moncoulon David , Douai Ali , Tacnet Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Brague River basin (68 km2) is located on the French Mediterranean coast. It experiences a high risk of flash floods. The potential efficacy and efficiency of flood protection strategies based on green (Nature Based Solutions: NBS) or grey (civil-engineering) measures, as well as their co-benefits, are studied in this chapter. Two NBS flood alleviation strategies combine both small natural water retention areas, along with a widening of the river corridor. Two more classical grey scenarios were based on large wood-trapping racks, and another based on retention dams. This chapter synthesizes (i) the flood risk assessment; (ii) the estimation of total costs; (iii) how benefits related to each strategy were estimated. Benefits were evaluated with both a top-down method (avoided damages and transfer of valuations made elsewhere for co-benefits) and with a bottom-up approach surveying citizen willingness to pay. The cost-benefit analysis demonstrates that costs are higher than the avoided damage, and that co-benefits are much higher than avoided damage for most strategies and for both approaches. Depending on the number of household considered in the co-benefits valuation, the balance may reach higher benefits than costs for NBS strategies, though not for the grey solution based on large dams.
Glinščica for All: Exploring the Potential of NBS in Slovenia: Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Pengal Polona , Pagano Alessandro , Piton Guillaume , Kozinc Zdravko , Cokan Blaž , Šinkovec Zarja , Giordano Raffaele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on the highest pre-identified risk of flooding in the Glinščica catchment, our case study focused on identifying the benefits and opportunities of ecosystem services emerging from fully functioning ecosystems working as a natural assurance system arising from Nature-based solutions (NBS) through the implementation of a participatory approach. Together with our stakeholders we first, developed an NBS strategy for the Glinščica catchment and compared it to the business as usual, second, evaluated the ecosystem services provided by the simulated implementation of restoration and management measures selected and third, developed economic and financial instruments in the form of natural assurance schemes based on effective business models in the field of ecosystem services, green infrastructure and river restoration. This highlighted the importance of understanding the value of ecosystems in the long term. The participatory process was basically an iterative process in which expert studies formed the basis for stakeholder engagement on the one hand and the stakeholders’ perceptions and knowledge were shaping and directing the solutions on the other hand. Stakeholders eventually agreed that the developed strategy for water risk mitigation using NBSs in the Glinščica catchment is a viable alternative to existing grey infrastructure plans. However, the participatory process revealed several barriers to mainstreaming NBS and implementing an adaptive management approach in Slovenia, mostly in the governing and institutional systems. Through the participatory planning process, we built capacity and changed the perceptions of participating stakeholders regarding NBSs and their efficiency in providing multiple co-benefits in addition to the flood protection, which is usually the only function and benefit of grey measures.
Closing the Implementation Gap of NBS for Water Security: Developing an Implementation Strategy for Natural Assurance Schemes
Authors: Altamirano Mónica A. , de Rijke Hugo , Arellano Begoña , Nanu Florentina , Angulo Marice , Benítez Ávila Camilo , Dartée Kieran , Peña Karina , Mayor Beatriz , Pengal Polona , Scrieciu Albert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the context of a climate and water crisis, and intensified by the Covid19 crisis awareness about the need to rethink our economic development paradigm has increased. Against this context the potential of Ecosystems and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) as important pieces of a new regenerative economic model and as important allies to mitigate water risks is being more and more recognised. Nevertheless, the implementation of NBS at system scale remains a challenge. In most cases NbS are still being implemented as pilot projects aside from mainstream procurement strategies. This book presents the conceptual frame to develop natural assurance schemes, as well as the tools and methods to bring these towards implementation. Following the Financing Framework for Water Security principles, this chapter has further tailored and developed additional elements to fit the innovative nature of NBS projects. NbS projects are characterised by important evidence gaps, such as the performance they can guarantee over time in terms of levels of service for and their expected cashflow and risk profiles. To fill these knowledge gaps, the chapter proposes a collaborative project preparation approach that enable transdisciplinary collaboration and the development of the full business case for investments in NBS for water security. In this chapter the basic methodological elements of this approach and the process required for its application are presented along with an illustration for the Medina del Campo Groundwater body (GWB) in Spain.
„Deutschland-Kompetenz“ an chinesischen Mittelschulen im Jangtse-Delta. Eine Bestandsaufnahme und Vorschläge für die Weiterentwicklung
Authors: Hu Chunchun , Yu Zhouming , Song Junyi 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Beitrag werden repräsentative Daten aus 43 Mittel- und Berufsschulen im Jangtse-Delta (Stadt Shanghai und Provinzen Jiangsu, Zhejiang und Anhui) erhoben, um eine Bestandsaufnahme der „Deutschland-Kompetenz“ an chinesischen Schulen anhand dreier Komponenten einschließlich des Deutschunterrichts, der Deutschland betreffenden Kenntnisse und des Austauschs mit Deutschland zu ermitteln. Zum Schluss werden auf der Grundlage des Status quo und der bestehenden Probleme Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der „Deutschland-Kompetenz“ an chinesischen Schulen formuliert.
Das Dilemma von „China“: Die Beziehungen von „innen“ und „außen“ im Lichte der neuzeitlichen Geschichte Chinas
Authors: Ge Zhaoguang 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag setzt sich mit dem sogenannten „dreifachen Dilemma von China“ auseinander, das sich aus den zentrifugalen Bestrebungen seiner Nachbarn, dem Einfluss der modernen westlichen Strömung und der internen Identität der verschiedenen ethnischen Gruppen und Regionen ergibt. Aus der historischen Perspektive, die im China der Song-Dynastie eine Entwicklung vom Imperium zu einem begrenzten Staat und in den nachfolgenden Dynastien Yuan, Ming und Qing eine Entwicklung zu einem multiethnischen Imperium in einem sich verändernden internationalen Umfeld sieht, wird für eine Bekennung Chinas zur gemeinsamen Zivilisation und Weltordnung argumentiert.
Es war eine intensive Zeit
Authors: Hu Chunchun 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Regierungszeit der deutschen Bundeskanzlerin Merkel (2005–2021) zeichnete sich eine „Sonderbeziehung“ zwischen China und Deutschland ab, deren Wesen sich schwer mit einer kohärenten Bestimmung wiedergeben lässt. Es existierten vielmehr verschiedene, sektoral dominierende Diskurse, durch die das zwar ambivalente, aber auch effiziente und respektvolle Miteinander zwischen beiden Ländern gestaltet wird. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung steht weniger die wissenschaftlich-analytische Ausarbeitung der diplomatischen Beziehungen als der Versuch, die sogenannten „gefühlten Temperaturen“ zwischen China und Deutschland zu ermitteln. Dies bedeutet eine Schwerpunktsetzung zugunsten der „Wahrnehmungen“ aus dem besagten Zeitraum, d. h., vor allem das Emotionale in Bezug auf die chinesisch-deutschen Beziehungen erhält mehr Relevanz.
Biomarker Indicators of Cold Seeps
Authors: Guan Hongxiang , Liu Lei , Wu Nengyou , Li Sanzhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLipid biomarkers of seep carbonates and sediments retrieved from the Dongsha area, Shenhu, Site F and Haima in the South China Sea (SCS) over the last two decades were studied. Biomarker inventories, microbial consortia, seepage dynamics, and biogeochemical processes of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), aerobic oxidation of methane (AeOM), and oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbons, were reconstructed. Authigenic carbonates contained varying contents of 13C-depleted archaeal and bacterial biomarkers, reflecting their formation as a result of AOM under varying conditions. Except for the typical isoprenoids found in various cold seeps worldwide, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl hexadecan-1,3-diol and two novel sn2-/sn3-O-hydroxyphytanyl glycerol monoethers with notable 13C-depletion were observed in authigenic carbonates obtained from Haima, which are most likely hydrolysis products of archaea-specific diethers. Furthermore, molecular fossils, compound-specific δ13C values, and mineralogies, were used to trace dominant microbial consortia, seepage activities, and environmental conditions in the cold seep ecosystems of the SCS. In this chapter, the archaeal and bacterial lipid biomarker geochemistry of methane seeps is systematically introduced. AOM, AeOM, oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbons, oil degradation, and the diagenetic fate of glycerol ethers, are further summarized.