bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Cholinesterase Level in Patients with Cirrhosis of Liver and Its Correlation with the Severity of the Disease
Authors: Rashid Md Mamun ur , Islam Md Shafiqul , Parvin Most Firoza , Saifullah ANM , Shil Bimal Chandra , Rahman Md Habibur , Sultana Mst Musarrat 
Published: August 2023

Background: Serum cholinesterase mainly comes from the liver, a sensitive indicator of the synthetic capacity of the liver. It can be used as a prognostic marker for cirrhosis.
Objectives: To measure the serum cholinesterase level in cirrhotic patients and to correlate its level with the severity of the disease as per the Child-Pugh score.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2018 to December 2018. Fifty adult patients with cirrhosis of the liver were enrolled. Fifty healthy individuals were also taken to compare serum cholinesterase levels. Cirrhotic patients were grouped strictly into A, B, and C classes, as per the Child-Pugh score. Serum cholinesterase level was measured in all participants. The correlation between cholinesterase level and the severity of the disease was analyzed.
Result: Mean age of the patients was 47.42 ± 12.40 years and 47.22 ± 11.99 years in cirrhotic patients and healthy group, respectively. The number of patients in the Child-Pugh A, B, and C subgroups was 12 (24%), 20 (40%), and 18 (36%), respectively. The mean serum cholinesterase level was 2938 ± 1561 U/L in cirrhotic patients and 9036 ± 2024 U/L in the healthy group. Serum cholinesterase level in different Child-Pugh class was 4740 ± 1046 U/l (Child A), 3157 ± 1161 U/l (Child B), and 1493 ± 500 U/l (Child C). Serum Cholinesterase was positively correlated with serum albumin and negatively correlated with bilirubin, prothrombin time, and INR. A negative correlation was found between serum Cholinesterase level and the severity of the disease.
Conclusion: Serum cholinesterase level was low in cirrhotic patients, and its level was inversely correlated with the severity of the disease. Thus it can be used as a prognostic marker of cirrhosis. However, further study with a large sample size could explain this more precisely.
TAJ 2022; 36: No-1: 33-40
Study on Efficacy and Safety of Terbinafine Vs. Itraconazole in the Treatment of Tinea Pedis
Authors: Kabir Md Humayun , Khan Md Abdul Latif , Khan Md Shirajul Islam , Karim A T M Rezaul , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Jamil Ahmed Masiha 
Published: August 2023

Background: Tinea pedis is a dermatophytosis of the feet usually occurs between the toes with the webspace between the fourth and fifth digits but, in many cases, may appear as an extensive pattern on the bottom and sides of the feet. Terbinafine and itraconazole were evaluated with the efficacy/effectiveness and toxicity in the systemic treatment of Tinea pedis and compared with each other. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of terbinafine vs. itraconazole in treating tinea pedis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients were selected, and they were divided into groups (group-A and group B), each of which included 25 patients. Group A was given oral Terbinafine 250 mg daily for two weeks. Group B was given oral Itraconazole 200mg daily for the same duration. Patients were observed for the efficacy and side effects of the trial medicines. A baseline complete blood picture, liver and renal function test, and urine analysis were done and repeated frequently during therapy.
Results: Most patients were in the fourth decade in both groups, and the male-to-female ratio was almost 4:1. Two groups of people were studied: group-A with terbinafine 250 mg daily and group B with itraconazole 200 mg daily for 14 days. Evaluated weekly during treatment and 02 weeks after cessation of therapy, and finally on 08th week to see the clinical improvement and adverse effects. The clinical response was found in chronic hyperkeratotic type: 08/08, 08/08; chronic interdigital type: 07/07, 07/06; vesico-bullous type: 06/05, 06/05; Mixed type: 04/03, 03/02 in group-A and group-B respectively. On average, 92% clinical improvement was found in group-A and 84% in group B. Most patients had nausea (20.0%) followed by 08% diarrhea in group A. On the other hand, in group B, most patients had nausea (28.0%), followed by 4.0% fatigue and 4.0% diarrhea, and only 01 patient found elevated liver enzyme but did not exceed the upper limit. 80% of patients in the terbinafine group had transient, mild to moderate nausea.
Conclusion: No significant differences in efficacy and toxicity were found between terbinafine and itraconazole groups. Terbinafine may represent a good alternative for treating Tinea Pedis in patients who cannot take itraconazole or other available drugs due to contraindications.
TAJ 2022; 36: No-1: 75-82
CT Measurement of Maxillary Sinus Volume Among the Population of Rajshahi District in Bangladesh
Authors: Afrin Sadia , Rabbi DHM Fazle , Mustafa Rashed , Ahmed Wali , Afroze Akhtari 
Published: August 2023

Background: The volumetric measurement of the maxillary sinuses is essential in assessing the incidence of sinusitis and cancer and measuring the intimate relationship between teeth and maxillary sinuses. There have been reports in multiple studies that there is racial variation concerning age and gender. This study aims to determine whether the sinus volume of males and females differ and its relation to age.
Methods: This descriptive observational study was carried out among 100 respondents between the age of 11- 60 years who were residing in Rajshahi during the study period of one year, i.e., January 2018 to December 2018. The data has been collected from the Department of Radiology and Imaging of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) from the patients who had undergone CT scan examinations. The measurements were directly taken from a computer provided with an electronic caliper. After that, the sinus volume was calculated manually using the following formula (height x width x depth x 0.5). The quality of the data was obtained diligently, and ethical issues were properly maintained in all the steps of this study.
Results: There were 50 males and 50 females, ranging from 11 – 60 years of age, where the mean (± SD) age was 36.7 (± 14.8) years. The mean (± SD) volume of the maxillary sinus in the male group was 17 (± 4.6) cm3 for the right side and 17.5 (± 4.7) cm3 for the left side, which was significantly more than the female group, 14.7 (± 3.7) cm3 for the right side and 15.1 (± 3.7) cm3 for the left side (p = 0.031). Concerning age, the distribution of maxillary sinus volume showed the highest values between 21-30 years of age, and then it decreased both on the right and left side; this finding was found to be statistically significant (p = 0 .018).
Conclusion: This study provides salient information regarding maxillary sinus volume among the people of the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. This study's results will help establish a reference dataset regarding anatomical measurements of the maxillary sinus.
TAJ 2022; 36: No-1: 83-87
Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Duration of Acute Watery Diarrhoea in Children aged Six Months to Five Years
Authors: Sultana Dilruba , Ahmmad Be Nazir , Kashem Abul , Kader Md Fazlul , Das Mrinal Kanti , Uddin Md Belal , Mia Md Sanaul Haque 
Published: August 2023

Background: Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young children under five years of age in developing countries. The longer duration of diarrhea increases the chance of morbidity and mortality. Zinc supplementation decreases the duration of diarrhea. It is a straightforward, acceptable, low-cost, and effective treatment that could easily be affordable in our country.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on the duration of acute watery diarrhea. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 subjects were included in this study over six months, from December 2014 to May 2015. Detailed information was obtained from each patient. A total of 106 patients were taken. Among them, 53 patients (group A) were given zinc with Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS), and 53 patients (Group B) were given ORS only. However, three patients in each group were lost during follow-up. Data were analyzed by using a standard statistical method (SPSS version 16.0).
Results: The duration of diarrhea was three days in 56% of patients in the zinc-supplemented group, but it was only 20% in the control group. The frequency of stool gradually decreased over five days. It was more marked in zinc supplemented group. The p-value was 0.001. Vomiting occurred in 30% of patients in zinc supplemented group, and in the control group, it was only 20%. The p-value was 0.5. So we conclude that oral zinc administration in acute watery diarrhea (AWD) decreases the duration and causes early recovery and may be considered in the management of AWD.
Conclusion: Oral zinc administration in acute watery diarrhea decreases the duration and frequency of diarrhea in children aged six months to five years by changing the natural course of acute diarrheal disease.
TAJ 2022; 36: No-1: 107-112
C-Arm Guided Epidural Steroid Injection: An Effective Treatment for Patients with Radiculopathy in Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Tamjid , Khasru Moshiur Rahman , Salek AKM , Sikdar Alauddin , Haque Quazi Tamanna 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Epidural steroid injections (ESI) have been utilized for over 50 years in the conservative therapy of prolapsed lumbar intervertebral discs. However, controversy persists regarding their effectiveness in reducing pain and improving function, with literature supporting and opposing them.
Aim: To study the effectiveness of epidural steroid injection in treating pain caused by a prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc and compare the effectiveness between caudal, transforaminal, and interlaminar injection routes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 152 patients with back pain with Radiculopathy with a lumbar disc prolapse confirmed on MRI were included in the study. Their pre-injection Japanese Orthopedic Association Score (JOA) counted up. In this study, participants were enrolled using a simple randomization procedure (picking a card).in the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at BSMMU, Dhaka, from May 2020 to April 2021. Among 152 patients were intervenes as transforaminal (n=62), caudal (n=53), and interlaminar (n=25) approach with subsequently received epidural steroids as methylprednisone. Twelve individuals were dropped from the trial because they failed to show up for their scheduled therapy.
Results: The prevalence increased dramatically, leading to a JOA Score at 12 months following injection via any of the three methods 53 (37.26%) via the caudal pathway, 62 (44.21%) via transforaminal, and 25 (18.53%) via interlaminar. At six months and 12 months post-injection, the transforaminal route was substantially more efficacious than the caudal (p=0.01) and interlaminar routes (p=0.03). Comparing the caudal and interlaminar methods yielded no statistically significant difference (p=0.36).
Conclusion: In the current study, methylprednisone epidural injections effectively treat radiculopathy and back pain caused by a herniated lumbar disc. All three injection techniques are adequate, with the best result obtained by the transforaminal route.
TAJ 2022; 36: No-1: 113-118
Implementasi Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor untuk Klasifikasi Diagnosis Penyakit Alzheimer
Authors: Alfirdausy Roudlotul Jannah , Bahri Saiful 
Published: August 2023

Menurut World Alzheimer Report 2021, Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) memperkirakan bahwa 75% penderita demensia tidak terdiagnosis secara global, dengan angka tersebut diyakini meningkat hingga 90% di beberapa negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Saat ini ada dua jenis demensia yaitu vaskular dan non-vaskular. Demensia vaskular, juga dikenal sebagai Alzheimer, adalah Perubahan yang terjadi pada tubuh yang disebabkan oleh penyumbatan pembuluh darah di otak dapat menyebabkan melemahnya ingatan manusia. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) adalah suatu teknik yang digunakan untuk mengelompokkan objek berdasarkan kesamaannya dengan objek terdekat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menangani masalah efektivitas dan akurasi dalam mendeteksi penyakit Alzheimer dengan mengimplementasikan algoritma KNN untuk diagnosis penyakit Alzheimer. Berdasarkan analisis hasil klasifikasi dengan pembagian data testing dan training 75:25 menggunakan metode KNN dengan K=3 dan K=5 menghasilkan nilai akurasi sebesar 99% , sensitivitas sebesar 100%, serta spesifitas sebesar 96%.
Sistem Sterilisasi Ruangan Dengan Pendeteksi Keberadaan Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Sholeh Adkhan , Sudarmana Landung , Suharto Benedictus Herry 
Published: August 2023

Virus Covid-19 menyebar melalui transmisi droplet dan aerosol yang melayang dalam ruangan atau menempel di permukaan benda. Penyebaran ini menyebabkan orang terpapar pada risiko dan kecepatan tinggi. Sterilisasi ruangan dengan penyemprotan, fogging atau penyinaran UV-C merupakan upaya mencegah transmisi virus. Kegiatan sterilisasi membutuhkan biaya, waktu, tenaga serta dapat memunculkan potensi kelalainan, maka kebutuhan perangkat sterilisasi yang otonom, terjadwal, efektif, ekonomis, dan terpantau secara daring menjadi relevan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan prototipe sistem sterilisasi dengan pendeteksi keberadaan manusia berbasis IoT. Metode penelitian menggunakan teknik rekayasa perangkat keras dan pengembangan perangkat lunak extreme programming. Perangkat keras dibangun dari modul IoT, sensor, penampil, catu daya dan sterilisasi. Sedangkan perangkat lunak berupa firmware sterilisasi dan aplikasi telepon pintar. Firmware sterilisasi berfungsi sebagai pengelolaan perangkat sterilisasi, penjadwalan sterilisasi, sensor keberadaan dan akses jaringan internet. Aplikasi telepon pintar berfungsi untuk interaksi antara perangkat sterilisasi dan pengguna secara daring. Prototipe sistem sterilisasi ini mampu mendeteksi keberadaan manusia hingga jarak 6,01 meter dengan dua ragam sterilisasi yang dapat diprogram dan dioperasikan secara daring melalui telepon pintar.
Asuhan Keperawatan pada Ibu Post Sectio Caesarea Di Ruangan Kebidanan RSUD Poso
Authors: Nurazizah Siti , Rantesigi Nirva 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: post sectio caesarean delivery has a five times greater risk of complications compared to normal delivery, problems that commonly occur in post section caesarean mothers are postpartum bleeding, infection, and swollen breasts. For this reason, comprehensive nursing care is needed and improving health in clients can be done by a nursing care approach. The purpose of this study was to provide nursing care for post sectio caesarea mothers in the obstetrics room at Poso Hospital. Methods : The research method is using a descriptive method with a case study approach of 1 patient of post sectio caesarea mother. Results: assessment of the patient complained of pain in the abdomen after cesarean section surgery, the pain was felt like stabbing, the pain disappeared, the patient looked grimacing, there was a surgical wound, there were 14 stitches, wound size 11 cm, wound width 0.2 cm, pain scale 8, blood pressure 110/80 mmhg, breathing 20x / m, pulse 80x / m, temperature 37 ̊C post section caesarea 6 hours. The patient said the milk had not come out, the patient said the baby cried when breastfed, the milk did not gush or drip, the nipples looked flat, the baby did not want to suck. Nursing problems acute pain, ineffective breastfeeding. Nursing Interventions Pain management, relaxation therapy, positioning, mobilization support, analgesic breastfeeding education, and giving the baby the opportunity to breastfeed. Implementation was carried out for 5 evaluation results showed reduced pain, the patient said he could do activities, the patient no longer complained of pain in the abdomen, pain scale 3, the patient said the milk had started to come out, the patient said the baby had not cried when breastfed, the milk had come out, the patient looked more relaxed and comfortable. Conclusion: pain management, relaxation therapy, positioning, mobilization support, giving analgesic breastfeeding education, and providing opportunities for babies to breastfeed are effective in providing nursing care to post section caesarea mothers. Suggestions patients can carry out nursing interventions independently according to what is taught by researchers.
Knee instability caused by altered graft mechanical properties after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: the early onset of osteoarthritis?
Authors: Spierings Janne , Van den Hengel Marloes , Janssen Rob P. A. , Van Rietbergen Bert , Ito Keita , Foolen Jasper 
Published: August 2023

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a very common knee joint injury. Torn ACLs are currently reconstructed using tendon autografts. However, half of the patients develop osteoarthritis (OA) within 10 to 14 years postoperatively. Proposedly, this is caused by altered knee kine(ma)tics originating from changes in graft mechanical properties during the in vivo remodeling response. Therefore, the main aim was to use subject-specific finite element knee models and investigate the influence of decreasing graft stiffness and/or increasing graft laxity on knee kine(ma)tics and cartilage loading. In this research, 4 subject-specific knee geometries were used, and the material properties of the ACL were altered to either match currently used grafts or mimic in vivo graft remodeling, i.e., decreasing graft stiffness and/or increasing graft laxity. The results confirm that the in vivo graft remodeling process increases the knee range of motion, up to &gt;300 percent, and relocates the cartilage contact pressures, up to 4.3 mm. The effect of remodeling-induced graft mechanical properties on knee stability exceeded that of graft mechanical properties at the time of surgery. This indicates that altered mechanical properties of ACL grafts, caused by in vivo remodeling, can initiate the early onset of osteoarthritis, as observed in many patients clinically.
Heterochronic development of pelvic fins in zebrafish: possible involvement of temporal regulation of pitx1 expression
Authors: Pratiwi Hilda Mardiana , Hirasawa Masahiro , Kato Kohki , Munakata Keijiro , Ueda Shogo , Moriyama Yuuta , Yu Reiko , Kawanishi Toru , Tanaka Mikiko 
Published: August 2023

Anterior and posterior paired appendages of vertebrates are notable examples of heterochrony in the relative timing of their development. In teleosts, posterior paired appendages (pelvic fin buds) emerge much later than their anterior paired appendages (pectoral fin buds). Pelvic fin buds of zebrafish (Danio rerio) appear at 3 weeks post-fertilization (wpf) during the larva-to-juvenile transition (metamorphosis), whereas pectoral fin buds arise from the lateral plate mesoderm on the yolk surface at the embryonic stage. Here we explored the mechanism by which presumptive pelvic fin cells maintain their fate, which is determined at the embryonic stage, until the onset of metamorphosis. Expression analysis revealed that transcripts of pitx1, one of the key factors for the development of posterior paired appendages, became briefly detectable in the posterior lateral plate mesoderm at early embryonic stages. Further analysis indicated that the pelvic fin–specific pitx1 enhancer was in the poised state at the larval stage and is activated at the juvenile stage. We discuss the implications of these findings for the heterochronic development of pelvic fin buds.
Refractory angina pectoris: a 20-year (2003–2022) bibliometric analysis
Authors: Chen Yunru , Ge Yaru , Chao Tiantian , Huan Na , Liu Wenjie , Chu Guojie , Wang Chenglong 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe increasing number of patients with refractory angina pectoris, combined with the aging population and improved survival rates among coronary heart disease patients, presents a significant challenge in contemporary cardiovascular medicine. The treatment of refractory angina has been an ongoing area of exploration, yet a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on this topic is currently lacking. Therefore, this study aims to provide the first bibliometric analysis of publications related to refractory angina.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science database to identify articles related to refractory angina published between 2003 and 2022. The inclusion criteria were limited to articles and reviews written in English. CiteSpace software was utilized to conduct a collaborative network analysis of countries/regions, institutions and authors, co-occurrence analysis of keywords, and co-citation analysis of authors and references.ResultsA total of 1,386 publications were identified, with an annual publication volume exhibiting fluctuation over time. American and European countries and institutions demonstrated a leading position in terms of research output. Henry TD emerged as the most prolific researcher in the field, while Mannheimer C received the highest number of citations. The primary research hotspot within this field focused on the treatment of refractory angina, with recent emphasis on emerging treatments such as stem cell therapy and the coronary sinus reducer. A significant number of clinical trials have been conducted, with a continuous focus on patient benefits, quality of life, and survival prognosis.ConclusionSignificant progress has been made in the field of refractory angina pectoris in recent years. Novel treatment methods, including spinal cord stimulation, enhanced external counterpulsation, stem cell therapy, and the coronary sinus reducer, hold promising therapeutic prospects. However, further high-quality evidence-based research is essential to support these emerging interventions. Additionally, the development of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for refractory angina treatment is crucial. Such guidelines would provide clinicians with a framework to navigate the complexities of treatment choices and optimize patient care in this challenging condition.
Late-stage diversion risk assessment for high dams considering early initial impoundment: a case study of Lianghekou Station, China
Authors: Liu Lian , Bricker Jeremy D. , Hu Chao 
Published: August 2023

Early initial impoundment can generate additional revenue but bring more flood risk in late-stage construction diversion. In view of the possible flood risk and catastrophic consequences caused by high dam failures induced by early impoundment, a comprehensive assessment is proposed. Taking the Lianghekou high rockfill dam on the Yalong River, southwest China, as an example, this study established the late-stage diversion risk model and predicted the failure probabilities for the original, 15 days ahead, and 30 days ahead schemes varied with the initial impoundment time using the Monte Carlo method. Then, considering overtopping-induced gradual breaking of rockfill dams, the NWS dam-break flood forecasting model (DAMBRK) was used to estimate the break development and the outflow hydrograph. Due to no significant differences being found in the outflow hydrographs of the three schemes, life loss was used an index for the consequences of inundation. Combining the failure probability, life loss, and early impoundment revenues brought by earlier power generation, a satisfied initial impoundment scheme was acquired using the multi-objective decision model. The results revealed this method can find a reasonable initial impoundment time in view of the late-stage diversion risk assessment.