bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ets-1 transcription factor regulates glial cell regeneration and function in planarians
Authors: Chandra Bidushi , Voas Matthew G. , Davies Erin L. , Roberts-Galbraith Rachel H. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Glia play multifaceted roles in nervous systems in response to injury. Depending on the species, extent of injury and glial cell type in question, glia can help or hinder the regeneration of neurons. Studying glia in the context of successful regeneration could reveal features of pro-regenerative glia that could be exploited for new human therapies. Planarian flatworms completely regenerate their nervous systems after injury – including glia – and thus provide a strong model system for exploring glia in the context of regeneration. Here, we report that planarian glia regenerate after neurons, and that neurons are required for correct glial numbers and localization during regeneration. We also identify the planarian transcription factor-encoding gene ets-1 as a key regulator of glial cell maintenance and regeneration. Using ets-1 (RNAi) to perturb glia, we show that glial loss is associated with altered neuronal gene expression, impeded animal movement and impaired nervous system architecture – particularly within the neuropil. Importantly, our work reveals the inter-relationships of glia and neurons in the context of robust neural regeneration.
HOPS-dependent lysosomal fusion controls Rab19 availability for ciliogenesis in polarized epithelial cells
Authors: Hoffman Huxley K. , Prekeris Rytis 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Primary cilia are sensory cellular organelles crucial for organ development and homeostasis. Ciliogenesis in polarized epithelial cells requires Rab19-mediated clearing of apical cortical actin to allow the cilium to grow from the apically docked basal body into the extracellular space. Loss of the lysosomal membrane-tethering homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex disrupts this actin clearing and ciliogenesis, but it remains unclear how the ciliary function of HOPS relates to its canonical function in regulating late endosome–lysosome fusion. Here, we show that disruption of HOPS-dependent lysosomal fusion indirectly impairs actin clearing and ciliogenesis by disrupting the targeting of Rab19 to the basal body, and that this effect is specific to polarized epithelial cells. We also find that Rab19 functions in endolysosomal cargo trafficking in addition to having its previously identified role in ciliogenesis. In summary, we show that inhibition of lysosomal fusion leads to the abnormal accumulation of Rab19 on late endosomes, thus depleting Rab19 from the basal body and thereby disrupting Rab19-mediated actin clearing and ciliogenesis in polarized epithelial cells.
Differentiation between pleomorphic adenoma and schwannoma in the parapharyngeal space: histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient
Authors: Kunimatsu Natsuko , Kunimatsu Akira , Miura Koki , Mori Ichiro , Kiryu Shigeru 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
To elucidate the differences between pleomorphic adenomas and schwannomas occurring in the parapharyngeal space by histogram analyses of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values measured with diffusion-weighted MRI.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 29 patients with pleomorphic adenoma and 22 patients with schwannoma arising in the parapharyngeal space or extending into the parapharyngeal space from the parotid region. Using pre-operative MR images, ADC values of tumor lesions showing the maximum diameter were measured. The regions of interest for ADC measurement were placed by contouring the tumor margin, and the histogram metrics of ADC values were compared between pleomorphic adenomas and schwannomas regarding the mean, skewness, and kurtosis by Wilcoxon’s rank sum test. Subsequent to the primary analysis which included all lesions, we performed two subgroup analyses regarding b-values and magnetic field strength used for MRI.

Results:
The mean ADC values did not show significant differences between pleomorphic adenomas and schwannomas for the primary and subgroup analyses. Schwannomas showed higher skewness (p = 0.0001) and lower kurtosis (p = 0.003) of ADC histograms compared with pleomorphic adenomas in the primary analysis. Skewness was significantly higher in schwannomas in all the subgroup analyses. Kurtosis was consistently lower in schwannomas but did not reach statistical significance in one subgroup analysis.

Conclusions:
Skewness and kurtosis showed significant differences between pleomorphic adenomas and schwannomas occupying the parapharyngeal space, but the mean ADC values did not. Our results suggest that the skewness and kurtosis of ADC histograms may be useful in differentiating these two parapharyngeal tumors.
Mapping movie genre evolution (1994 – 2019) using the role of cultural and temporal shifts: a thematic analysis
Authors: Mohanty Anshuman , Mudgal Aditi , Ganguli Shirshendu 
Published: September 2023

Background: The gratification each person seeks through a movie is different. Sometimes a person would seek information through movies or use them for educational purposes, and some might watch movies to escape into a world of fantasy or humour. Keeping in mind the diverse and ever-changing needs of the audience, the primary objective of this study is to observe the evolution of movie genre and content preference in India, which is one of the largest and culturally intriguing movies producing nation across the globe. Methods: To attain the objective, the researchers have thematically analysed the top five revenue grossing movie genres over a span of 26 years (1994 to 2019) in Bollywood. More than 100 storylines have been analysed to develop genre trend graphs and the results indicate a sharp decline in the popularity of romantic and family dramas, whereas comedy and action movies have witnessed an overall growth with romantic comedies (romcoms), being the most stable amongst the top five. Results: Several societal factors like the changing family structure, education level, access to dating applications and even terrorism have been considered to elucidate the evolving psyche of the audience. The theoretical understanding of the result is derived from the uses and gratification theory, cross culture communication theory, and Bandura’s social cognitive theory. Conclusions: This study would provide film-makers with a guide to understanding the changing movie genre preferences in India, which in turn would help them to produce economically profitable movies in future.
Building student loyalty in higher education: the role of corporate reputation
Authors: Raja Estacio Dinazarte Omar 
Published: September 2023

Background: Reputation is a vital asset for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as it constitutes a source of competitive advantage because it works as a quality sign for the stakeholders. Because of globalisation, decreasing funding and the changing environment in the Mozambican higher education market, HEIs need to build a favourable reputation to stay relevant. This research aims to study how a university's reputation can influence student loyalty. Methods: Utilizing a descriptive and analytical methodology, a quantitative investigation was carried out by surveying 402 students enrolled in higher education institution (HEI) courses in Mozambique. The research employed a survey questionnaire to directly collect information from the study participants. Results: The study concluded that university reputation affects student loyalty, as the relationship between both variables is statistically significant. All dimensions of HEIs reputation, namely, academic competence, social attractiveness, and responsible management, positively impact student loyalty. Although, the latter variable did not have a statistically significant impact, contradicting the current theoretical framework. Conclusions: The study's findings suggest that corporate reputation has a favorable impact on student loyalty, demonstrating a significant relationship between the two factors. Therefore, improve student retention, HEIs should seek to enhance their academic competence and social attractiveness.
Non-tuberculous mycobacterium isolations from tuberculosis presumptive cases at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Kenya, 2018–2019
Authors: Kamau George , Mwangi Zakayo , Bargul Joel , owiny Maurice , Mukiri Nellie , Kathure Immaculate , Khamala Beatrice , Mwanyalu Nassoro , Kiplimo Richard , Lihana Raphael 
Published: September 2023

Background: Mycobacterial pathogens are among the top causes of diseases in humans. In Kenya, incidences of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) species have steadily been on the increase. Most NTMs are resistant to first line treatment of tuberculosis and have a challenge in timely and accurate diagnosis. Misdiagnosis has led to prescribing anti-tuberculosis regimens to patients suffering from NTM. We aimed to determine the most prevalent Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium in Kenya. Methods: We reviewed records from the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL) Laboratory information management system (LIMS) between January 2018 and December 2019 for the patients on surveillance. All isolates were cultured in Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) and incubated for detection using BACTEC™ MGIT™ system. Those with negative acid-fast bacilli (AFB) growth and negative for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Species (MTBC) protein-MPT64 were suggestive of NTM infections, which were sub-cultured in MGIT and characterized using Line Probe Assay (LPA) GenoType® MTBDR CM/AS. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was done. Results: Of the total 24,549 records reviewed, 167(0.7%) were NTM isolates. Males comprised of 74.2% (124/167), and the mean age was 42 years (SD±16), age group 35-44 years had the highest NTM at 26.3% (44/167). Nairobi had 12.6% (21/167), Mombasa 10.8% (18/167), Kilifi and Meru each had 7.8% (13/167). Eleven isolated species comprised of Mycobacterium intracellulare 35.3% (65/167), M. fortuitum at 27% (48/167), and M. scrofulaceum at 10.2% (17/167). Previously treated patients had higher NTM [63.5% (106/167)] than Drug-resistant follow-up patients [26.9% (45/167)]. Coinfection with HIV was at 27.5% (46/167). Conclusion: Previously treated patients should have an additional screening of NTMS, and drug susceptibility testing should be done before initiation of treatment.
MRI-based evaluation of lower back pain with reference to ligamentum flavum hypertrophy
Authors: Suryadevara Manasa , Mishra Gaurav , Parihar Pratapsingh , Sood Anshul 
Published: September 2023

Introduction The lower back ache or lumbago is a common musculoskeletal complaint patients present with, especially among the elderly. It can be caused mostly by degenerative changes like ligamentum flavum hypertrophy associated with aging and physical strain, first causing spinal canal narrowing and leading to stenosis later. MRI provides excellent high-resolution images of structures including the spinal canal, vertebral body, discs, joints, and other structures. Aim and objective This study aims to bring out the relation between degenerative disc changes and LF hypertrophy in patients presenting with lower back pain and helps in earlier discovery of degeneration and in understanding the underlying pathology better. Methods A descriptive prospective study will be done at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, involving 30 patients who are referred to the department of Radiodiagnosis, AVBRH, Sawangi with lower back pain will be subjected to the study – purposive sampling. Expected results After an appropriate statistical analysis, we expect to assess the role of MRI which provides excellent high-resolution images of structures including the spinal canal, vertebral body, discs, joints, and other structures. This study aims to bring out the relation between degenerative disc changes and LF hypertrophy in patients presenting with lower back pain and helps in earlier discovery of degeneration and in understanding the underlying pathology better. CTRI registration: REF/2023/05/067795
Machine learning and cyber security
Authors: Karius Sebastian , Knöchel Mandy , Heße Sascha , Reiprich Tim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCyber Security has gained a significant amount of perceived importance when talking about the risks and challenges that lie ahead in the field of information technology. A recent increase in high-profile incidents involving any form of cyber criminality have raised the awareness of threats that were formerly often hidden from public perception, e.g., with openly carried out attacks against critical infrastructure to accompany traditional forms of warfare, extending those to the cyberspace. Add to that very personal experience of everyday social engineering attacks, which are cast out like a fishing net on a large scale, e.g., to catch anyone not careful enough to double-check a suspicious email. But as the threat level rises and the attacks become even more sophisticated, so do the methods to mitigate (or at least recognize) them. Of central importance here are methods from the field of machine learning (ML). This article provides a comprehensive overview of applied ML methods in cyber security, illustrates the importance of ML for cyber security, and discusses issues and methods for generating good datasets for the training phase of ML methods used in cyber security. This includes own work on the topics of network traffic classification, the collection of real-world attacks using honeypot systems as well as the use of ML to generate artificial network traffic.
Computational radiative transport in complex geometries using orthogonal coordinates
Authors: Haque Md Ershadul , Mansoor Saad Bin , Yilbas Bekir Sami 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Radiative heat transport involving complex geometries is an important area of investigation. The formulation of the transport phenomenon is more involved and consideration of the proper treatment of the irregular geometry becomes necessary for accurate estimation of heat transfer rates. Therefore, the present study focuses on the modeling and the solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) in an absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering, participating media for complex geometries using the body-fitted coordinates. The RTE in an orthogonal coordinate system is formulated and is then numerically solved in conjunction with a numerically generated, body-fitted, curvilinear coordinate system. The geometries are considered to be opaque and, in the analysis, both the radiative as well as the non-radiative equilibrium cases are considered. The formulation is validated through the previously published results. Notable agreement is observed between the results and those reported earlier for different complex geometries and various properties of the participating media.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-(2-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)-1-ethyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-4-yl) malononitrile, C26H26N4
Authors: Sun Cheng-Tao , Li Qin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
C26H26N4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.565(2) Å, b = 17.468(2) Å, c = 7.5778(10) Å, β = 94.551(4)°, V = 2185.8(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0591, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1830, T = 300(2) K.
The association between plasma concentration of pigment epithelium-derived factor and diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Şahin Tayfun , Karabulut Alpaslan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes. The pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a protein that is one of the most potent angiogenesis inhibitors. The effect of blood PEDF concentration on DRP formation remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether the plasma concentration of PEDF is effective on the appearance of DRP.

Methods
The present study consisted of 62 patients with diabetes mellitus and 20 healthy participants. The patient group included 28 patients with non-proliferative DRP, 13 with proliferative DRP, and 21 diabetic patients without DRP. The PEDF levels in patient serum samples were detected through the ELISA method. The body mass index of the participants was calculated.

Results
Serum PEDF levels of diabetic patients (1.533 ± 0.233 μg/mL) were found to be lower (2.163 ± 0.343 μg/mL) than healthy participants (p=0.002). The PEDF levels were similar in the DRP and non-DRP groups (p=0.337). The plasma PEDF level decreased along with the progression of DRP (p=0.001).

Conclusions
The PEDF concentration in the blood decreases along with the increase of DRP grade. Decreased blood concentration of PEDF may be important to predict microvascular complications. Agents containing PEDF may be used intraocularly/systemically for therapeutic purposes to prevent vascular complications of diabetes in the near future.
Amphetamines Improve the Motivation to Invest Effort in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Chong Trevor T.-J. , Fortunato Erika , Bellgrove Mark A. 
Published: September 2023

Prevailing frameworks propose that a key feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is lower motivation. An important component of motivation is the willingness to engage in cognitively or physically effortful behavior. However, the degree to which effort sensitivity is impaired in ADHD has rarely been tested, and the efficacy of stimulant medication in ameliorating any such impairments is unclear. Here, we tested 20 individuals with ADHD (11 males, 9 females) who were managed with amphetamine-based medication (dexamfetamine, lisdexamfetamine), and 24 controls (8 males, 16 females). Individuals with ADHD were tested over two counterbalanced sessions, ON and OFF their usual amphetamine-based medication. In each session, participants performed an effort-based decision-making task, in which they were required to choose how much cognitive or physical effort they were willing to engage in return for reward. Our results revealed three main findings. First, individuals with ADHD had lower motivation relative to controls to invest effort in both the cognitive and physical domains. Second, amphetamine increased motivation uniformly across both domains. Finally, the net effect of amphetamine treatment was to mostly restore motivation across both domains of effort relative to healthy controls. These data provide clear evidence for a heightened sensitivity to both cognitive and physical effort in ADHD, and reveal the efficacy of amphetamine-based drugs in restoring effort sensitivity to levels similar to controls. These findings confirm the existence of reduced motivational drive in ADHD, and more broadly provide direct causal evidence for a domain-general role of catecholamines in motivating effortful behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA core feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to be a heightened aversion to effort. Surprisingly, however, the degree to which effort sensitivity is impaired in ADHD has rarely been tested. More broadly, the relative efficacy of catecholamines in motivating the investment of cognitive and physical effort is unclear. We tested 20 individuals with ADHD ON and OFF amphetamines, and compared their behavior on an effort-based decision-making task to 24 controls. When tested OFF medication, the ADHD group was less cognitively and physically motivated than controls. However, amphetamines led to a comparable increase in motivation across both domains. This demonstrates the efficacy of catecholamines in facilitating domain-general effort, and highlights the broader potential of such drugs to treat disorders of motivation.
Secretion of mitochondrial DNA via exosomes promotes inflammation in Behçet's syndrome
Authors: Konaka Hachiro , Kato Yasuhiro , Hirano Toru , Tsujimoto Kohei , Park JeongHoon , Koba Taro , Aoki Wataru , Matsuzaki Yusei , Taki Masayasu , Koyama Shohei , Itotagawa Eri , Jo Tatsunori , Hirayama Takehiro , Kawai Taro , Ishii Ken J , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Akira Shizuo , Morita Takayoshi , Maeda Yuichi , Nishide Masayuki , Nishida Sumiyuki , Shima Yoshihito , Narazaki Masashi , Takamatsu Hyota , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage into the cytoplasm can occur when cells are exposed to noxious stimuli. Specific sensors recognize cytoplasmic mtDNA to promote cytokine production. Cytoplasmic mtDNA can also be secreted extracellularly, leading to sterile inflammation. However, the mode of secretion of mtDNA out of cells upon noxious stimuli and its relevance to human disease remain unclear. Here, we show that pyroptotic cells secrete mtDNA encapsulated within exosomes. Activation of caspase‐1 leads to mtDNA leakage from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm via gasdermin‐D. Caspase‐1 also induces intraluminal membrane vesicle formation, allowing for cellular mtDNA to be taken up and secreted as exosomes. Encapsulation of mtDNA within exosomes promotes a strong inflammatory response that is ameliorated upon exosome biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. We further show that monocytes derived from patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS), a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder, show enhanced caspase‐1 activation, leading to exosome‐mediated mtDNA secretion and similar inflammation pathology as seen in BS patients. Collectively, our findings support that mtDNA‐containing exosomes promote inflammation, providing new insights into the propagation and exacerbation of inflammation in human inflammatory diseases.
Cloning, expression, and biochemical characterisation of a novel endomannanase from Thermobifida alba
Authors: Luzics Sz. , Tóth Á. , Barna T. , Szabó E. , Nagy I. , Horváth B. , Nagy I. , Varecza Z. , Bata-Vidács I. , Kukolya J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThermobifida alba is the mesophilic member of the Thermobifida genus, the genome and enzyme sets of which have not been described and published yet. Thermobifida strains are thermotolerant actinomycete, which possess wide sets of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysing enzymes. Previously, three endomannanases (Man5ATh, Man5ATc, and Man5AThf) of thermobifidas were cloned and investigated, and hereby the endomannanase of T. alba DSM 43795 is described. All four endomannanases belong to the glycoside hydrolase family 5, their sizes are around 50–55 kDa. Their structure consists of a catalytic domain and a carbohydrate binding module, while there is an interdomain linker region in-between consisting repetitive tetrapeptide motifs (eg.: PPTEPTD-Ta, PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. alba, Thermobifida halotolerans, Thermobifida cellulosilytica, and Thermobifida fusca are slightly different (6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0, respectively), however, the temperature optima of the enzymes were detected within a wider range of 65–75 °C. In this research, Man5ATa exhibited the lowest Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) (0.13 mM) on LBG-mannan substrate, while others shared similar kinetic parameters: 0.9–1.7 mM of KM. Despite the high sequence similarity of the investigated mannanases, they exhibit different temperature stability parameters. These different functional characteristics can be advantageous for industrial applications producing biologically active, oligomannan prebiotics under different conditions.
New technologies in the court: Remote hearings and hybrid interpreting during the pandemic
Authors: Lea Láncos Petra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFair trial is the cornerstone of all judicial proceedings and a fundamental right guaranteeing, among other things, the right to interpreting to those who do not understand and speak the language of the court. With the outbreak of the COVID pandemic, courts around the world struggled to continue adjudication, turning to the solution of remote hearings and hybrid interpreting to comply with requirements of both health policy and the right to linguistic presence in judicial proceedings. This paper describes the solutions applied in domestic, international and EU courts, shedding light on the shortcomings of remote hearings and their possible detrimental effects on interpreting and fair trial.