bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Depo Medroxsi Progesteron Acetat (DMPA) on Indeks Apoptosis Ovarium in The Exposed Rated Endometrium (Rattus Novergicus)
Authors: Fitrianingtyas Rizki , Christiana Indah 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Depo Medroxiprogesterone Asetat is the type contraceptive containing only progestin are granted every 3 months that which are considered most effective and regarded with few side effects directly. Side effects long-term that of them , drought the vagina, decrease in the libido , decrease Bone Mineral Density .This caused by because of a decrease in function in the ovary due to the occurrence of apoptosis. Objective: To prove the influence of DMPA with index apoptosis on the ovaries Rattus Norvegicus based on for too long a time exposure to. Methods: Design that is used of these tests are true experiment with the selection in the entire house hold sample use the design of randomized post test drives in cotrol group including on the instrument types. Samples from 30 the tail of a rat males or the two females was classified into 3 group . Group stage matches at first one is the control group (KN) , a second group are to supply 1 treatment being handed out by the provision of therapy DMPA every 1 weeks for rp as long as 1 the month and within a group the third of which was included in the research sample oil which is injected DMPA every once a week for 2 months. Apoptosis index observed with a method of tunel assay kit and a cell that mediate apoptosis in an analysis using a microscope olympus and counting olyvia use . Result : The research results show (p value < 0.05) which means differ significantly . Apoptosis index to 2 are more large treatment from a group 1 and the group one standings larger than the express group control . Estradiol serves as a control an increase in antioxidant genes an enzyme that is an enzyme superoksidase dismutase (SOD) which was with in the mitochondria as a result estradiol can not fulfill their function as antioxidant .The state of this caused the oksidative strees characterized the emergence of free radical. Free radical causes oxidative modification cellular macromolecules , impeding the function of proteins and increase mediate apoptosis. Conclusion: the injections DMPA able to increase apoptosis index in the ovary.
Analysis Psychosocial Factors Affecting Behaviour of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rondhianto Rondhianto , Sutawardana Jon Hafan , Putri Widya Maulina Cantika 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Compliance with monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial to diabetes management. Self-monitoring behaviour of blood glucose levels can be influenced by psychosocial factors in people with T2DM, such as knowledge, coping, diabetes distress, family support, and nurse support. Objective: The study aimed to analyze psychosocial factors that influence the behaviour of self-monitoring of blood glucose levels in people with T2DM. Methods: The study was a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was T2DM patients in the Jember Regency with a sample size of 138 respondents, taken using multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire (SKILLDS, Coping Scale, DDS, HDFSS, Nurse's role perception, and the SMBG questionnaire) and analyzed using a multiple linear regression test. Results The modelling results show that psychosocial factors (knowledge, coping, diabetes distress, family support, and nurse support) have a simultaneous and significant influence on the behaviour of monitoring blood glucose levels (F = 9.292; p = 0.001 < α = 0.05) with adjusted R2 = 0.232. It showed that psychosocial factors could explain the variance of behaviour monitoring blood glucose levels by 23.2%. Partially, there are three influential variables, namely coping, perception of family support, and perception of nurse support (p= 0.039; p= 0.016; and p= 0.020 < α =0.05). Better coping, family support, and nurse support could improve blood glucose monitoring. Conclusion: Psychosocial factors can affect monitoring blood glucose levels in people with T2DM. The nurse can make efforts to improve the behaviour by monitoring blood glucose levels by considering the psychosocial aspects of people with T2DM through preventive promotion efforts to improve coping, family support, and nurse support to improve self-management and quality of life of people with T2DM.
The Effect of CPR Multimedia Learning to Willingness of Nursing Students On Conducting CPR
Authors: Yunita Wahyu Wulansari  , Wirasakti Guruh 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies worldwide as does the survival rate. The willingness of bystander on performing CPR on OHCA victims is an important factor in improving survival rate. Objective: To analyze the effect of CPR multimedia learning to willingness of nursing students on conducting CPR. Methods: This research was a quasy experimental study with randomized subject, pretest-posttest without control group design. The number of respondents were 36 students of 6th semester of nursing student using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using a willingness questionnaire. Location of this study was in STIKES dr. Soebandi Jember. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee at STIKES dr. Soebandi Jember. Results: The results showed that there were score differences of nursing students' willingness to perform CPR between before and after CPR multimedia learning (p=0.000). In the early stages before the CPR multimedia learning (pretest), the average respondent's willingness to reach 9.68 (4-5 questions answered yes) with the lowest score 8 and the highest score 14. After the CPR multimedia learning (posttest), the average respondent's willingness reached 14.13 (7-8 questions answered yes) with the lowest score of 12 and the highest score of 16. Conclusion: This study shows that CPR multimedia learning can increase the willingness of nursing students on conducting CPR.
Vorwort
Authors: Gilles Peter , Sieburg Heinz 
Published: January 2023

Der vorliegende Band basiert auf einer Wortbildungs-Tagung, die im Oktober 2016 an der Universität Luxemburg stattfand. Ein Ziel dabei war, bisher noch eher wenig berücksichtigte Gegenstandsbereiche der Wortbildungsforschung aufzugreifen und deren Relevanz durch exemplarische Analysen deutlich zu machen.

Dieser Beitrag ist ursprünglich im Peter-Lang-Verlag erschienen (https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/plg/jwf/2018/00000002/00000001/art00001)
تحليل بعض المتغيرات الكينماتيكية لسباح الفراشة وعلاقتها بالإنجاز في سباق 50م فراشة لسباحي المنتخب الوطني (فئة المتقدمين)
Authors: قصي وليد , فارس ليث 
Published: January 2023

تكمن أهمية البحث في دراسة حركة الذراعين وضربات الرجلين من خلال معرفة تأثيرها بالأداء وبين سباح وأخر، وتبلورت مشكلة البحث في الفوارق بين مستوى تطور الأرقام القياسية العراقية وبين المستوى العربي في فعاليات السباحة عامة وسباحة الفراشة خاصةً والتي لا زالت لا تواكب مستوى الإنجاز الرقمي، وهدفت الدراسة الى تحليل سباحة الفراشة مع علاقتها بإنجاز (50)م وذلك للوصول إلى نتائج ايجابية قد تساهم في كسر الأرقام العراقية مستقبلاً، واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب المقارنة، وتكونت عينة البحث من (3) سباحين من فئة المتقدمين من المنتخب الوطني العراقي. وتم اختبار عينة البحث بأداء سباق إنجاز50 متر فراشة لكل سباح على حدة واستبعاد مسافة البداية البالغة (15) متراً واعتماد مسافة (30) متر بوصفها أداءً فعلياً لتكنيك سباحة الفراشة، وأوصى الباحثان بضرورة الاهتمام بعمل حركات الذراعين وضربات الرجلين في تكنيك سباحة الفراشة لما لها من تأثير فاعل كونها القوى الدافعة لتقدم السباح في مختلف فعاليات السباحة، وإن الأرقام العالمية في تطور مستمر وإن أجزاء الثانية تلعب دور رئيس في تحقيق الفوز في المنافسات وإجراء بحوث مشابهة لمتغيرات البحث للتقليل من زمن أداء السباق وكسر الأرقام القياسية العراقية.
A Potent Non-Peroxidase Glycoprotein Immunogen in Commercial Horseradish Peroxidase
Authors: Moroz Leonard A. , Joubert James R. , Hogg James C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most commercial preparations of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) contain a glycoprotein contaminant which elicits precipitin responses in the majority of rabbits immunized. This non-peroxidase antigen (NPA) also elicits delayed hypersensitivity responses, but no reaginic antibody and no Arthus reaction at the test doses employed. It may be purified from commercial HRP or crude horseradish by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and DEAE cellulose chromatography. It is distinguished from HRP by 1) immunochemical non-identity, 2) electrophoretic mobility, 3) absence of peroxidase activity and spectrophotometric Soret band, 4) amino acid composition, and 5) marked tendency to aggregation. Cross-reacting determinants are detectable in turnip. Its existence indicates the need for caution when HRP is employed simultaneously as an antigen and histochemical marker.
The Effect of Age on the Response of Rat Lymphocytes in Mixed Leukocyte Culture, to Pha, and in the Graft-vs-Host Reaction
Authors: Nielsen Hans E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effect of age of donor rats on phytohemagglutinin (PHA), mixed leukocyte culture (MLC), and graft-vs-host (GVH) activity of blood and lymph node lymphocytes was examined by the culture technique of Sørensen et al. (1) and the popliteal lymph node assay for GVH activity (2). An MLC response against allogeneic cells was demonstrable in blood lymphocytes of some litters within 24 hr after birth. The MLC response increased during the 1st month of life. Between 1 and 16 months of age the MLC and PHA response decreased markedly when measured on day 4 and 2, respectively, whereas GVH activity measured on day 7 increased slightly. These results were accounted for by finding an increased lag period before DNA synthesis began in vitro. There was no difference between the rate of increase of DNA synthesis in young and old animals. It is concluded that the proportion of lymphocytes reactive to strong histocompatibility antigens does not decrease between 1 and 16 months of age.
Immunochemical Studies of the Major Internal Polypeptide of Woolly Monkey and Gibbon APE Type C Viruses
Authors: Gilden Raymond V. , Toni Robert , Hanson Michelle , Bova David , Charman Howard P. , Oroszlan Stephen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The major internal protein of the type C virus isolated from a Woolly monkey by Theilen and colleagues was purified by isoelectric focusing and used to raise specific antibody in guinea pigs. The protein has an isoelectric point of 6.5 to 6.6, and a molecular weight of 29,500 based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel diffusion analyses showed a high degree of relationship to the type C virus isolated from a Gibbon ape by Kawakami and colleagues, while sera indicating this relationship were nonreactive with other mammalian type C viruses, except in highly sensitive radioimmunosassays. The “primate” viral proteins clearly contain determinants cross-reactive with the homologous protein in other mammalian type C viruses; however, heterogeneity of these cross-reactive determinants was indicated by differential reactivity of certain cross-reactive sera.
Immunochemical Quantitation of Cell Bound C4
Authors: Ohanian Sarkis H. , Borsos Tibor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A method is described for the determination of the absolute amounts of human (Hu) and guinea pig (GP) C4 bound to cell surfaces. The test is based on the inhibition of anti-C4 antibody by C4. The C4 to be measured is added to a standard amount of anti-C4 antibody and the residual activity determined by its capacity to sensitize appropriate indicator cells (EC4h or EC4gp) for lysis by GPC. By comparing the observed lysis with inhibition-of-lysis curves obtained with known C4 antigen, the amount of test antigen can be estimated. The method is simple, rapid and reproducible and can detect nanogram amounts of C4.
Guinea pig hepatoma cells harvested from the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs contained approximately 105 GPC per cell whereas tumor cells sensitized with anti-Forssman antibody or specific antitumor antibody contained approximately 2 to 3 × 106 C4 per cell.
The C4 content of a Hu serum and a pool of GP sera was determined by quantitative precipitin analysis and was found to be 942 ± 260 µg and 1106 ± 106 µg/ml, respectively. Based on this Hu serum standard the average C4 content of 12 human sera was found to be 718 ± 61 µg/ml (range 577 to 942 µg/ml) by the inhibition method described in this paper.
Microenvironmental studies of pre-B and B cell development in human and mouse fetuses.
Authors: Kamps W A , Cooper M D 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Immunofluorescence techniques were used to trace the development of cells expressing mu heavy chains in humans and mice. IgM B cells were distinguished from pre-B cells by their additional expression of kappa or lambda light chains. Generation of pre-B and progeny B cells was evident in hemopoietic fetal liver and bone marrow, but not in thymus, heart, lung, spleen, kidney, and placental tissues. Pre-B and B cells, in a ratio of 2 to 1, were abundant in sections of hemopoietic liver and in bone marrow from 12- to 15-wk-old human fetuses, whereas these cells were rare in nonhemopoietic liver samples obtained beyond the 34th week. In mouse fetal liver mu+ cells appeared first around the 12th day of gestation and increased in frequency throughout the third trimester. On day 17 of gestation, kappa light chain expression by 1% of mu+ cells was noted, and the percentage of kappa+/mu+ cells increased progressively to more than 80% by 5 days after birth. Pre-B and B cells were interspersed among myeloid and more abundant erythropoietic cellular elements in the extrasinusoidal areas adjacent to hepatic cords. A loose clustering or "starburst" distribution pattern of pre-B cells became evident around day 17. These observations suggest a model for in situ generation of pre-B and progeny B cells in the hemopoietic fetal liver. In the midst of more numerous erythropoietic elements, immunoglobulin-negative precursors divide to generate a loose colony of mu+ pre-B cells that divide again before giving rise to a wave of IgM B cells.
Inhibition of natural killer activity by human bronchoalveolar macrophages.
Authors: Bordignon C , Villa F , Allavena P , Introna M , Biondi A , Avallone R , Mantovani A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes were isolated by adherence from peripheral blood, peritoneal exudates, early lactation milk, ovarian carcinomatous ascites and bronchoalveolar lavages. Their capacity to modulate natural killer (NK) activity was assessed by mixing them with blood lymphocytes and by measuring lysis of 51Cr-labeled K562 cells. Unlike other mononuclear phagocyte populations, alveolar macrophages caused a marked dose-dependent inhibition of NK activity. Significant inhibition (40%) of the expression of cytotoxicity was evident at a ratio of alveolar macrophages to lymphoid cells of 0.12:1, and more than 80% suppression was usually observed at a ratio of 0.5:1. Blood monocytes, peritoneal and milk macrophages were consistently inactive up to the highest ratio tested, 2:1. Inhibition of the expression of NK activity by alveolar macrophages was observed at lymphocyte to K562 ratios ranging from 6:1 to 100:1 and over a 4 h or 20 h 51Cr release assay. Alveolar macrophages also inhibited interferon-stimulated cytotoxicity. Alveolar macrophages are unique among the mononuclear phagocyte populations studied in their capacity to inhibit the expression of NK activity effectively, and they could play a role in determining the low levels of NK activity associated with human pulmonary tissue.
Effects of immunoglobulin structure on Fc receptor binding: a mouse myeloma variant immunoglobulin with a gamma 2b-gamma 2a hybrid heavy chain having a complete gamma 2a Fc region fails to bind to gamma 2a Fc receptors on mouse macrophages.
Authors: Birshtein B K , Campbell R , Diamond B 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report here the primary structure of an immunoglobulin heavy chain synthesized by ICR 16, a variant of the MPC 11 mouse myeloma cell line. The ICR 16 heavy chain is a gamma 2b-gamma 2a hybrid, consisting of the CH1 domain of gamma 2b and the hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains of gamma 2a subclasses. The genetic mechanism by which ICR 16 occurred may be recombination, based on homologies in both coding and intervening sequences in gamma 2b and gamma 2a constant region genes. Although the Fc fragment of ICR 16 is completely gamma 2a-like and has been shown to bind to gamma 2a Fc receptors on mouse macrophages, the intact H2L2 molecules is unable to do so. Such an observation underscores the crucial role that conformation may play in the ability of immunoglobulins to carry out biologic functions.
Biosynthesis of C4 by mouse peritoneal macrophages. I. Characterization of an in vitro culture system and comparison of C4 synthesis by "low" vs "high" C4 strains.
Authors: Newell S L , Shreffler D C , Atkinson J P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C4 biosynthesis and secretion in mouse resident peritoneal macrophage cultures was examined by functional and antigenic analysis. The rate of secretion of functional and antigenic C4 decreased in parallel in short-term culture despite constant total protein secretion and increasing factor B secretion. Feedback inhibition and protease degradation did not account for the decreasing rate of C4 secretion. Despite a 10-fold difference in plasma C4 levels between high C4 (H-2d haplotype) and low C4 (H-2k haplotype) mouse strains, resident peritoneal macrophages from both strains synthesized and secreted similar amounts of antigenic and functional C4 in short-term culture. The C4 secreted by H-2d and H-2k macrophages was relatively stable, because it exhibited only approximately 2% loss of hemolytic activity per hour in culture. These data suggest that an unidentified environmental signal leads to the specific decrease in C4 synthesis and secretion by peritoneal macrophages and that a regulatory defect may not be present, at least in macrophages, to account for the low C4 levels in the H-2k haplotype.
Acute phase reactants of mice. I. Isolation of serum amyloid P-component (SAP) and its induction by a monokine.
Authors: Le P T , Muller M T , Mortensen R F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The acute phase reactant of mice, serum amyloid P-component (SAP), was purified and separated from C-reactive protein (CRP). The purified SAP is composed of identical M, 31 Kd polypeptide subunits, determined by SDS-PAGE. SAP levels increased five-fold by 24 hr after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or thioglycollate. This response closely correlated with blood monocytosis and required new macromolecule (protein + RNA) synthesis and secretion by the liver. The induction of the SAP response was adoptively transferred by a serum factor produced in optimal concentrations only 90 min after an inflammatory stimulus, which preceded a detectable increase in SAP. A potent SAP inducer was identified in culture supernatants of LPS-activated macrophages. The rapid induction of SAP synthesis in LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice was dependent on the amount of lymphocyte-activating factor, LAF(IL 1), present in the macrophage culture supernatants. Partially purified human IL 1 also induced a rapid increase in SAP. Thus the induction of SAP in mice appears to be mediated by a product of macrophages, a cell population that is also expanded as part of the systemic inflammatory response.
Hybridomas specific for carbohydrates; synthetic human blood group antigens for the production, selection, and characterization of monoclonal typing reagents.
Authors: Bundle D R , Gidney M A , Kassam N , Rahman A F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A general method for the production of carbohydrate-specific hybridoma antibodies is illustrated by generation of monoclonal antibody to the antigenic determinant of human blood group B. This trisaccharide determinant was chemically synthesized and covalently coupled to bovine serum albumin and human blood group O red cells. Soluble protein antigen and the 'artificial' B red cells were used to immunize BALB/c mice before fusion of spleen cells with the Sp2/0 plasmacytoma cell line. ELISA screening of putative hybrids for B-specific binding activity was facilitated by the availability of a second synthetic conjugate, B-horse hemoglobin. IgM-producing clones were identified by class-specific ELISA reagents and by hemagglutination assay. In this way, clones suitable for blood typing were rapidly identified. The precise antigenic specificity and Ig class of such monoclonal antibodies were defined by inhibition of precipitation and by gel filtration. Hybridoma antibodies were obtained from two separate fusion experiments. One of these, clone 3E-4, was of the IgM class and possessed a binding site that was completely satisfied (100% inhibition) by the trisaccharide determinant of the B blood group. This antibody is shown to be suitable for use in blood typing.
T helper cells in immune mice amplify the primary anti-tumor cytotoxic response.
Authors: Yu A S , Bernstein I D 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this report we examine the influence of splenic helper cells in the primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against syngeneic murine leukemia virus-(MuLV) induced tumor cells. We identify an Lyt-1+ 800 R radiation-resistant helper T cell that will amplify the in vitro generation of CTL against syngeneic tumor cells from nonimmune spleen cells.
Ontogeny of Nk-1+ natural killer cells. I. Promotion of Nk-1+ cells in fetal, baby, and old mice.
Authors: Koo G C , Peppard J R , Hatzfeld A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Using anti-Nk-1.1 serum, the alloantiserum specific for murine natural killer (NK) cells, we followed the ontogenetic development of Nk-1+ cells in fetal thymus, liver, and spleen. A transient population of Nk-1+ cells in fetal thymus was observed on day 14 but not on day 16 of gestation. On day 16 of gestation, Nk-1+ cells were detected only in liver and spleen. The proportion of Nk-1+ cells in spleen remained high (20 to 30%) at birth and persisted until 2 to 3 wk old. The Nk-1+ cells in "baby" (1 to 2 wk old) spleen bound to YAC cells but failed to lyse them in 51Cr-release assay. Upon induction with interferon (IF), the proportion of Nk-1+ cells increased, but the lytic activity remained low, suggesting that the "baby" NK-1+ cells are immature in lytic function. In old mice (12 to 14 mo), Nk-1+ cells were also detectable, even though NK activities were lower compared with those of the young adult (6 to 8 wk old) mice. The Nk-1+ cells of old mice were readily induced by IF to exhibit activities, and the induced NK cells were Nk-1+. We have thus established Nk-1.1 antigen as an early hemopoietic differentiation antigen. Splenic Nk-1- cells could be induce by IF to become NK-1+ cells, which could be inactive or active in NK assays, dependent on the age of the mice.