bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer causing chewing habits and related oral lesions – A comparative study among females of socio-culturally different areas of West Bengal
Authors: Bhattacharjee Tathagata , Gangopadhyay Somnath 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Smokeless tobacco, as well as areca-nut both, causes cancerous and precancerous lesions of the oral cavity. The traditional value of India, as well as West Bengal do not allow females for smoking, but there is no such disapproval for using smokeless tobacco or areca nut. Geographically and socio-culturally, the Northern part of West Bengal differs from its Southern part.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different chewing habits, habit products, and habit-related different oral lesions among females in two socio-culturally different areas of West Bengal.

Methods:
A total of 222 women from areas of North Bengal and 173 women from areas of South Bengal aged 15 years and above were selected. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. An oral cavity examination was done to rule out any oral mucosal alterations caused by cancer-causing habits.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-square test or Fischer's exact tests were used to compare unpaired proportions as appropriate.

Results:
In areas of the northern part of Bengal, 42.34% of females were chewers, and in areas of the southern part of Bengal 18.50% of females were chewers. Younger female chewers were more from areas of the northern part of Bengal. Women, residing in different areas of the northern part of Bengal had more habit-related oral lesions, compared to the southern part of Bengal.

Conclusion:
Special attention should be given to increasing awareness regarding chewing habit-related health hazards among females, especially in areas of North Bengal.
Alpha-L-fucosidase levels in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and controls
Authors: Suresh H. , Gunasekaran Nandhini , James Amritha , Krishnan Rajkumar , Thayalan Dinesh Kumar , Kumar A. Ramesh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in recent times has been recognized as a potentially malignant disorder (PMD) with an increased risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma with malignant transformation rates that vary from 0.6% to 36%. Alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) is a lysosomal enzyme that is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of fucose metabolism. In benign and malignant tumors, the cells modulate their surface by increasing fucosylation leading to uncontrolled growth.

Aims and objectives:
This study was designed to estimate the levels of salivary and serum AFU in patients with OSMF and healthy controls and also to evaluate the clinical utility of salivary AFU levels over serum.

Materials and Methods:
Saliva and blood samples were collected from twenty participants in both the groups (OSMF and healthy controls). Serum and salivary alpha-L-fucosidase levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.

Results:
We found a significant increase in alpha-L-fucosidase level in OSMF compared with healthy subjects. Pearson's correlation showed salivary alpha-L-fucosidase level to have superior sensitivity in detecting OSMF compared with serum alpha-L-fucosidase.

Conclusion:
The outcome of this study suggests that salivary alpha-L-fucosidase can be utilized as a biomarker in early detection of oral precancer and cancer.
Assessment of ergonomics to study the correlation between physical and psychological factors with prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in practicing dentists
Authors: Surve Ridima R , Anjali A K , Pereira Treville , Shetty Subraj , Gotmare Swati Shrikant , Pereira Christina 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Musculoskeletal disorders are very commonly seen in dentists. These disorders can hinder their clinical practice and at times results in severe complications leading to an early retirement.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to find a correlation between physical and psychological factors with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in practicing dentists. This study is a culmination of two fields of medicine, physiotherapy and dentistry, thus proving to be of significant value in terms of interdisciplinary approach to healthcare.

Materials and Methods:
The sample size consisted of 50 dentists. It was an observational cross-sectional study with a questionnaire divided into three sections. Inclusion and exclusion criteria includes Section 1 - Demographic data and basic questions related to the aim of the study. Section 2 - Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire. Section 3 - General Health Questionnaire-12 for assessment of psychological stress.

Results:
Wrong posture, existing physical illness, lack of exercise and increases levels of psychological stress increase the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.
This study could be used to implement better treatment options to dentists suffering from musculoskeletal disorders considering both physical and mental factors.

Conclusion:
It is very important to increase the awareness of ergonomics and the influence of psychological stress in practicing dentists so that they can avoid these disorders and provide a high-quality treatment to their patients without any hindrance in their professional careers due to these disorders.
Determination of gender from dental pulp by identification of Barr bodies
Authors: Bhardwa Nandini , Nangia Rajat , Puri Abhiney , Bhat Nitish , Wadhwan Vijay , Gupta Hitesh 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:The determination of gender by dental pulp Barr bodies seems to be efficient tool especially in case of natural calamities where bodies are mutilated, charred, and unidentified. Different techniques are used for Barr bodies two of which are histopathological and cytological methods.Aims and Objectives:The objective of the study is to check the reliability of human dental pulp for identification of gender using Barr bodies.Material and Methods:The study sample consisted of 60 extracted teeth from 20 male and 40 female patients aged 12–25 years. Inclusion criteria included non-carious freshly extracted teeth, Teeth were extracted and the pulp was obtained using a carborundum disc at 30,000 revolutions per minute (RPM). The teeth were categorized into two groups. Group 1 and Group II include 20 females and 10 males each. In group I, rapid manual tissue processing technique was done and in Group II pulp tissue slides were prepared by cytopathological technique. The slides obtained were stained with H&E and Barr bodies were visualized.Statistical Analysis:On comparison of Barr bodies on males and females in dental pulp, the mean number of Barr body count in females was more than males. Accuracy and count were much more appreciated in histopathological technique than cytological procedure.Conclusion:The mean Barr body count was more in females than in male samples. In histopathological technique Barr bodies were more analyzed and appreciated than in cytopathological technique on checking the efficacy and evaluating its diagnostic significance of dental pulp for identification of gender.
Evaluation of p16 expression in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Saxena Pallavi , Prasad Sruthi 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Oral and oropharyngeal cancers together are the 6th most common cancers in the world and more than 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC, OPSCC). HPV is an important risk factor. p16 expression apart from indirectly assessing HPV infection, is an independent favorable prognostic marker. Lewis/Modified Lewis criteria of p16 grading identifies a subset of patients with improved overall survival.

Aims:
(1) To evaluate p16 expression in these cancers. (2) To correlate p16 expression with age, gender, sub-site, histological type and grade. (3) To utilize the Lewis/modified Lewis criteria.

Methodology:
The study included 70 cases of OSSC's and OPSCC's. Histological features were analyzed. p16 expression was determined and graded. Results were analyzed and evaluated using Chi-square test (value of P < 0.05 was taken significant).

Results:
p16 positivity was seen in 46/70 (66%) cases (44 OSCC & 26 OPSCC). It was more frequent in younger patients and significantly higher in males. There was no correlation between degree of differentiation and p16 expression. In OSCC, 72.7% were p16 positive, mostly from tongue, buccal mucosa, and hard palate. p16 positivity was seen in 53.8% of OPSCCs, mostly from base of tongue and tonsil. Also, 30.4% of all cases could be included in Lewis criteria and 39.1% in modified Lewis criteria.

Conclusion:
p16 is an inexpensive, easily available marker, it may be incorporated routinely in all histologically diagnosed cases of OSCC and OPSCC.
Intraosseous jaw lesions
Authors: Dhanuthai Kittipong , Chiramanaphan Kulisra , Tevavichulada Varatchaya , Tangwongwarachai Supatcha , Chantarangsu Soranun 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Jaw bones can be afflicted by to a diverse group of lesions ranging from developmental, reactive/inflammatory, cystic lesions to tumors and tumor-like lesions

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to determine the relative frequency, demographic and pathologic profiles of patients with intraosseous jaw lesions from Thailand.

Subjects and Methods:
Biopsy records from 1995 to 2019 were reviewed. Age, gender and location of the lesions were collected from the biopsy records. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistics using the IBM SPSS software version 22.0.

Results:
From 23,344 accessioned cases, 7382 cases (31.62%) were encountered within the jaw bones. Age of the participants ranged from 1 to 96 years with the mean ± standard deviation = 36.05 ± 17.80 years. Pediatric participants (aged ≤16 years) comprised 13.80% of all the participants, whereas the geriatric ones (aged ≥65 years) accounted for 7.55%. The male-to-female ratio was 0.89:1. The majority of lesions were observed in the mandible. The most prevalent intra-osseous jaw lesion was radicular cyst followed by dentigerous cyst and ameloblastoma. The most common malignant tumor was osteosarcoma followed by ameloblastic carcinoma and lymphoma. Among the pediatric participants, dentigerous cyst was the most prevalent jaw lesion, while that in the geriatric participants was radicular cyst.

Conclusions:
This is the largest study on intra-osseous jaw lesions encompassing several pathological entities ever conducted from Thailand. It thus provides an invaluable database for clinicians to formulate a differential diagnosis as well as for the pathologists to render the final diagnosis. The results of this study are in accordance with previous studies in general.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking on buccal mucosa
Authors: Abdul Nishath S. , Alrukban Nouf K. , Alajmi Asmaa M. , Bindawoad Faisal A. , Almughaiseeb Atheer A. , AlGhannam Sara M. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an issue all over the world, although it is particularly prevalent in the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The genotoxic effects of smoking were reported to be associated with nucleus abnormalities such as micronuclei (MN), karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis, pyknosis, binucleates, broken eggs, condensed chromatin in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells, and was believed to be associated with apoptosis of cells and was not correlated to the exposure time.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cigarette and WTS on buccal mucosa.

Materials and Methods:
The pertinent search was done through the computerized literature on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PUBMED databases, which included case-control, clinical and observational studies regarding the mutagenic effects of cigarettes and WTS in oral tissues. The retraction of data in this study was undertaken from May 2010 to May 2022. A total of 60 articles from the search data were retrieved. This investigation was registered with the research center of Riyadh Elm University for institution review board approval (IRB) and obtained the IRB number “FRP/2021/448/733/707 and the systematic review registration number with respect to PROSPERO is 345417.

Results:
After the removal of duplicates, 32 were evaluated for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 32 articles, twenty studies were evaluated for cytogenetic abnormalities in buccal mucosal cells of waterpipe tobacco smokers (WTS) and cigarette smokers, and 12 were excluded. The mean MN levels in the oral tissues of WTS were more (1.94 ± 0.39) than in non-smokers (1.68 ± 0.35).

Conclusion:
Therefore, we conclude that the MN count can be employed as a biomarker and preliminary signal for the identification of changes in oral mucosa among smokers, which develop towards cancer formation.
Immunohistochemical expression of survivin in oral epithelial dysplasia and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ghritlahare Himanta , Einstein Aroquiassamy , Singaraju Sasidhar , Patel Swatantra , Gulati Namrata , Mishra Shubhangi D. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family, is not detectable in most differentiated normal adult tissues but is expressed in a wide range of cancer tissues. Survivin expression in cancer has been associated with poor prognosis, cancer progression, and drug resistance, and the expression levels correlate with more aggressive disease and a poor clinical outcome.

Objective:
To evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of survivin in the normal oral epithelium (NOE), oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methodology:
The patterns of survivin immunoexpression and immunoreactivity were assessed in previously diagnosed, paraffin-embedded sections of 10 tissues of NOE and 15 tissues each of OED and the three grades of OSCC (well-, moderately-, and poorly-differentiated). The pattern of survivin expression was recorded as cytoplasmic, nuclear, or both. Survivin immunoreactivity was assessed semi-quantitatively as the immunoreactive score (IRS). Analysis of variance and Tukey-HSD tests were employed for statistical analysis.

Results:
No immunoreactivity for survivin was evident in the NOE tissues. In the OED tissues, the immunoexpression pattern of survivin was predominantly nuclear in the basal cells, and in the OSCC tissues, cytoplasmic and nuclear. IRS was highest among the moderately- differentiated OSCC, followed by poorly- and well-differentiated OSCC and OED, with a statistically significant difference in the IRS scores between the normal and the study groups.

Conclusion:
Survivin protein expression may be an important early event in oral carcinogenesis and may predict unfavorable prognosis in OSCC.
Diagnostic yield of calcofluor white in the identification of Candida albicans in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chinnasamy Alagesan , Ramalingam Karthikeyan , Nayak Sushruth , Rai Vikrant , Gopinath Vidhya , Chawla Gurveen 
Published: April 2023

Background:Although oral cancer is multifactorial in origin only few had evaluated the diagnostic parameters for candidal infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Aims:To compare and assess the accuracy of Calcofluor White (CFW) to that of conventional staining methods to identify the presence of candidal infection in OSCC.Methods:Archival collections of 43 OSCC were retrieved for this investigation. Standard staining protocol was followed for the index test (CFW) and reference standard (Periodic Acid Schiff). Two examiners were blinded for either one of the staining techniques. Diagnostic test evaluation and Kappa statistic was calculated using MedCalc software.Results:The study comprised 37 males, six females, and their mean age at the time of presentation was 51 (range 23 to 75 years). The sensitivity and specificity of CFW was 75.8% (CI 57.7 to 88.9%) and 10.0% (CI 0.2 to 44.5%). While the positive predictive and negative predictive values were 63.1% (CI - 50.6-74.0%) and 67.0% (CI - 49.2-81.0%).Conclusion:Our results show minimal agreement with PAS with a Kappa score of 0.148 (95% CI = 0.39 to 0.09). Overall detection rate was similar for both the index test and reference standard although there was considerable number of intermediate test results. Sensitivity of CFW was comparable to that of earlier studies but specificity was low and the degree of concordance was 60.4%. Although CFW staining can come with high false positive they are a useful test for ruling out candida infection when the test result is negative.
Expression of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Sood Neelam , Meena Swati , Agarwala Priyanka 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) accounts for 10–15% of all salivary gland neoplasms and its management is related to tumour grading. The expression of mucin in the tumour cells presumably affects and predicts tumour behaviour.

Aims:
To analyse the expression of MUC1 (membrane bound mucin), MUC2 and MUC5AC (secreted mucins) in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and correlate with tumour grade and patient outcome.

Settings and Design:
In this retrospective correlation study the expression of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC were investigated using immunohistochemistry in confirmed cases of MEC.

Methods and Material:
The staining patterns of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC were analysed in 10 confirmed cases from the year 2013 to 2020.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS 23 was used for bivariate correlations.

Results:
All of the tumours expressed MUC1, showing strong membranous to focal cytoplasmic localization in all cells. The goblet cell component expressed a strong apical membranous pattern. MUC2 expression was moderate, showed cytoplasmic localisation in 40% of mucinous cells and was minimal in intermediate cells and epidermoid cells. MUC 5AC expression was strong apical membranous in goblet cells and mainly negative in intermediate cells and epidermoid cells.

Conclusions:
Although MUC1 is a reliable marker for all cell types of MEC but has no significant correlation with the tumour grade. MUC 2 has not been found to be a reliable diagnostic marker and has no significant correlation with the tumour grade. MUC 5AC has been found to have a significant expression in tumours with lymphoid infiltrate. There was no statistically significant correlation of MUC expression with the site, tumour grade and patient outcome.
Expression sites of immunohistochemistry markers in oral diseases – A scoping review
Authors: Prabakaran Rebekah C. , Rachel J Beryl , Rao Gururaj N. , Vennila Alagu A , Fathima S Deenul , Keerthik Lavanya M. K. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has not always been an easy field for the research beginners like postgraduates, research fellows and scientists. Meaningful interpretation of IHC positivity needs expertise. This could be made easier for beginners by developing a conceptual framework of markers. The literature review revealed a lack of qualitative evidence on the hitherto IHC studies on oral diseases about the overall expression of IHC markers and its comparison with pathology and normal tissues.

Aim:
This scoping review aimed to examine the literature and classify the various immunohistochemistry markers of oral diseases based on the tissue, cell and site of expression.

Materials and Methods:
The review was in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for scoping reviews (PRISMA -ScR). Electronic databases such as PubMed and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles till 2021.

Results:
We included 43 articles. We found five different possibilities of the site of expression of a marker in a cell. They are the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, extracellular matrix or any of the above combinations. Based on the tissue of expression, we also mapped the markers expressed in oral diseases to their tissue of origin as ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm and markers with multiple tissues of expression. Based on our results, we derived two classifications that give an overview of the expression of IHC markers in oral diseases.

Conclusion:
This scoping review derived new insight into the classification of IHC markers based on cell lineage, tissue and site of expression. This would enable a beginner to better understand a marker with its application and the interpretation of the staining in research. This could also serve as a beginner's guide for any researcher to thrive and explore the IHC world.
Plasma cells in oral lesion
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Mishra Deepika , Roychoudhury Ajoy , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Ramteke Prashant P. S. , Kumar Lalit 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
Plasma cells can just represent a part of host inflammatory response or form the cornerstone of diagnosis such as IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD) and plasma cell dyscrasias and sometimes create a diagnostic dilemma. The study aims to discuss a series of plasma cell lesions which we encountered in the oral cavity, discuss the diagnostic conundrum of plasma cell lesions. We also propose a working classification for their interpretation.

Materials and Methods:
All plasma cell lesions affecting the oral and maxillofacial region were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. The cases were analyzed on the basis of histomorphology and immunohistochemical markers along with clinical, imaging and laboratory findings.

Results:
Thirteen (0.64%) of 2026 oral lesions were diagnosed with plasma cell lesions. Out of 13 cases, 9 were plasma cell gingivitis, 2 IgG4-RD, 1 plasma cell myeloma and 1 plasmablastic lymphoma. Representative case from each category is discussed along with one case of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) masquerading as plasma cell dyscrasias.

Conclusion:
We discuss the practical difficulties faced during the diagnosis of these oral plasma cell entities along with a working classification and propose an efficient diagnostic scheme for the correct characterization of these lesions.
Mapping of journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology from 2011 to 2022
Authors: Chowdhry Aman , Kapoor Priyanka , Bhargava Deepak , Bagga Dinesh K. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (JOMFP) is a periodical publication and is one of the most prestigious dental specialty journals in India.

Aim:
To perform bibliometric analysis and network visualisation of articles published in the JOMFP.

Methodology:
Scopus online bibliometric search of articles published in JOMFP from 2011 (Issue 2, May–August) to 2022 (Issue 2, April–June) was performed. A total of 1385 articles out of 1453 were included for analysis. VOSviewer software was used for science mapping and network analysis of extracted data from JOMFP. Basic steps of bibliometric analysis including performance analysis, science mapping, and network analysis were performed to draw conclusions and recommendations.

Results:
The annual frequency of articles was maximum in the year 2019 with 150 articles. The most frequently appearing keywords were “oral squamous cell carcinoma” and “immunohistochemistry”. The mean count of the top 10 cited articles and authors was 144.6 and 293.2, respectively.

Conclusion:
More efforts are warranted not only for increasing the volume of quality papers in JOMFP but also to enhance the collaborations between the various authors and research groups. Large volumes of laboratory and clinical-based research have been published in JOMFP from every part of India; thus, this journal truly represents the global face of Indian oral and maxillofacial pathologists.