bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in neonatal critical and non-critical aortic stenosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Olofsson Cecilia Kjellberg , Hanseus Katarina , Ramgren Jens Johansson , Synnergren Mats Johansson , Sunnegårdh Jan 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo compare long-term survival, reinterventions and risk factors using strict definitions of neonatal critical and non-critical valvular aortic stenosis (VAS).DesignA nationwide retrospective study using data from patient files, echocardiograms and the Swedish National Population Registry.Setting and patientsAll neonates in Sweden treated for isolated VAS 1994–2018. We applied the following criteria for critical aortic stenosis: valvular stenosis with duct-dependent systemic circulation or depressed left ventricular function (fractional shortening ≤27%). Indication for treatment of non-critical VAS was Doppler mean gradient >50 mm Hg.Main outcome measuresShort-term and long-term survival, aortic valve reinterventions need of valve replacements, risk factors for reintervention and event-free survival.ResultsWe identified 65 patients with critical VAS and 42 with non-critical VAS. The majority of the neonates were managed by surgical valvotomy. Median follow-up time was 13.5 years, with no patients lost to follow-up. There was no 30-day mortality. Long-term transplant-free survival was 91% in the critical stenosis group and 98% in the non-critical stenosis group (p=0.134). Event-free survival was 40% versus 67% (p=0.002) in the respective groups. Median time from the initial treatment to reintervention was 3.6 months versus 3.9 years, respectively (p=0.008).ConclusionsCritical VAS patients had significantly higher need for reintervention during the first year of life, lower event-free survival and lower freedom from aortic valve replacement at age ≥18 years, compared with neonates with non-critical stenosis.
Temporal trend of population structure, burden of diseases, healthcare resources and expenditure in China, 2000–2019
Authors: Liang Zhenguo , Wu Dongze , Guo Cui , Gu Jieruo 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the evolutionary trend of population structure, disease burden, healthcare resources and expenditure in China, and to identify key domains that are most in need of intervention.DesignA cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.Data sourcePopulation and healthcare data from China Statistical Yearbook, and disease burden attributable to causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Diseases between 2000 and 2019.Measures and methodsWe used the Joinpoint Regression Program to measure trends in population composition, population change, dependency ratio, healthcare institution, personnel, expenditure and disease burden from 2000 to 2019.ResultsRegarding the population in China between 2000 and 2019, a decreasing trend was observed among youth aged 0–14 years (average annual percent change (AAPC): −1.17), a slow rising trend was observed among individuals aged 15–64 years (AAPC: 1.10) and a rapidly increasing trend was observed among individuals older than 65 years (AAPC: 3.67). Astonishing increasing trends in healthcare institutions (AAPC: 3.97), medical personnel (AAPC: 3.26) and healthcare expenditures (AAPC: 15.28) were also observed. Among individuals younger than 70 years, neoplasms (AAPC: 0.54) and cardiovascular diseases (AAPC: 0.67) remained among the top three causes, while tobacco (AAPC: 0.22) remained a top three risk factor. However, while musculoskeletal disorders (AAPC: 1.88) were not a top three cause in 2000, they are a top three cause in 2019.ConclusionComprehensive age/cause/risk factor-specific strategies are key to reconcile the tension among the triad of population ageing, disease burden and healthcare expenditure. The disease burden from cardiometabolic diseases, neoplasms and musculoskeletal disorders was identified as key domains that require intervention to reduce an increasing disease burden among individuals currently older than 70 years, as well as those approaching this age group.
Nudge interventions to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Raban Magdalena Z , Gonzalez Gabriela , Nguyen Amy D , Newell Ben R , Li Ling , Seaman Karla L , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesAntibiotic prescribing in primary care contributes significantly to antibiotic overuse. Nudge interventions alter the decision-making environment to achieve behaviour change without restricting options. Our objectives were to conduct a systematic review to describe the types of nudge interventions used to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in primary care, their key features, and their effects on antibiotic prescribing overall.MethodsMedline, Embase and grey literature were searched for randomised trials or regression discontinuity studies in April 2021. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two researchers using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care group’s tool. Results were synthesised to report the percentage of studies demonstrating a reduction in overall antibiotic prescribing for different types of nudges. Effects of social norm nudges were examined for features that may enhance effectiveness.ResultsNineteen studies were included, testing 23 nudge interventions. Four studies were rated as having a high risk of bias, nine as moderate risk of bias and six as at low risk. Overall, 78.3% (n=18, 95% CI 58.1 to 90.3) of the nudges evaluated resulted in a reduction in overall antibiotic prescribing. Social norm feedback was the most frequently applied nudge (n=17), with 76.5% (n=13; 95% CI 52.7 to 90.4) of these studies reporting a reduction. Other nudges applied were changing option consequences (n=3; with 2 reporting a reduction), providing reminders (n=2; 2 reporting a reduction) and facilitating commitment (n=1; reporting a reduction). Successful social norm nudges typically either included an injunctive norm, compared prescribing to physicians with the lowest prescribers or targeted high prescribers.ConclusionsNudge interventions are effective for improving antibiotic prescribing in primary care. Expanding the use of nudge interventions beyond social norm nudges could reap further improvements in antibiotic prescribing practices. Policy-makers and managers need to be mindful of how social norm nudges are implemented to enhance intervention effects.
Efficacy and safety of different dosing regimens of rituximab in primary membranous nephropathy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Yongxing , Yang Qing , Fu Chen , Han Enhong , Gao Yuehua 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPrimary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Rituximab has been recommended in the treatment of PMN by the updated Kidney Disease Improved Outcome guideline. However, the optimal dosing regimen of rituximab for the initial treatment of patients with PMN is unclear.Methods and analysisA comprehensive screening will be performed by searching PubMed, Embase and the CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) without language restriction. Studies evaluating the efficacy of rituximab monotherapy using the following types of dosing regimens will be included: high-dose regimen; standard regimen and low-dose regimen. Studies with less than 10 participants will be excluded. The primary outcome is the remission rate at 12 months. The secondary outcomes are remission rate at 6 and 24 months, complete remission rate at 6, 12 and 24 months, relapse at 6, 12 and 24 months, and side effects. Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool will be used to assess the risk of bias for non-randomised studies and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool will be used for randomised controlled trials. The pooled remission rate, complete remission rate, relapse rate and side effects will be estimated using the metaprop command. All analyses will be calculated using Stata software (V.15.0; StataCorp).Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. The results of our study will be submitted to a peer-review journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022319401
Age, gender and socioeconomic patterns of awareness and usage of e-cigarettes across selected WHO region countries: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Authors: Kundu Sampurna , Shaw Subhojit , Khan Junaid , Chattopadhyay Aparajita , Baptista Emerson Augusto , Paswan Balram 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThe study explores the awareness and e-cigarette use by demographic and socio-economic characteristics of selected 14 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) countries.DesignCross-sectional.Setting14 countries.ParticipantsSurveyed population ≥15 years selected through multi-stage cluster sampling.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe selected 14 countries from 6 different WHO regions where GATS was conducted in different years during 2011–2017.ResultsAwareness and usage of e-cigarette were highest in Greece and lowest in India. Females were less aware of e-cigarette across ages. The gender gap in awareness is wide in Greece post 50 years of age, while the gap is distinct in early ages in Kazakhstan and Qatar. The gender difference in use of e-cigarette was negligible in most of the countries except among the younger cohorts of Russia, Philippines Malaysia and Indonesia. Relatively higher prevalence of e-cigarette smoking among females in the older adult age was observed in some of the Asian countries like India. Multivariate analysis indicates that those who were younger, male, residing in urban areas, current tobacco smokers were more likely to use e-cigarette than their counterparts. Though prevalence of e-cigarette use increased with wealth and education, such pattern is not strong and consistent. Promotional advertisement plays important role in higher use of e-cigaratte. The predicted national prevalence of e-ciragette use was highest in Malaysia .ConclusionsE-cigarette use is more among urban adults, current smokers, males and in countries with promotional advertisement of e-cigarette. Area specific interventions are needed to understand the nature of e-cigarette use. Russia, Ukraine, Costa Rica and Mexico need better understanding to explore whether e-cigaratte use is an indulgence to new mode of addiction, as youth being highly likely to adopt this practice.
Clinicopathological and predictive value of MAIT cells in non-small cell lung cancer for immunotherapy
Authors: Shi Lin , Lu Jinying , Zhong Da , Song Meijuan , Liu Jian , You Wenhua , Li Wen-Hui , Lin Lin , Shi Dongyan , Chen Yun 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundImmune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain ineffective in a large group of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a population of unconventional innate-like T lymphocytes abundant in the human body, play important roles in human malignancies. Little is known about the immune characteristics of MAIT cells in NSCLC and correlation with prognosis and response rate of ICIs treatment.MethodsTo investigate the distribution, activation status, and function of MAIT cells in NSCLC patients and their correlations with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, MAIT cells in peripheral blood, tumor and paratumor samples from NSCLC patients with or without anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were analyzed using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing.ResultsMAIT cells were enriched in the tumor lesions of NSCLC patients migrating from peripheral blood via the CCR6-CCL20 axis. Both peripheral and tumor-infiltrating MAIT cells displayed an exhausted phenotype with upregulated PD-1, TIM-3, and IL-17A while less IFN-γ. Anti-PD-1 therapy reversed the function of circulating MAIT cells with higher expression of IFN-γ and granzyme B. Subcluster MAIT-17s (defined as cells highly expressing exhausted and Th17-related genes) mainly infiltrated in the non-responsive tissues, while the subcluster MAIT-IFNGRs (cells expressing genes related to cytotoxic function) were mainly enriched in responsive tissues. Moreover, we found predictive value of circulating MAIT cells for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.ConclusionsMAIT cells shifted to an exhausted tumor-promoting phenotype in NSCLC patients and the circulating MAIT subset could be a predictor for patients who respond to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
Comparison of the feasibility and safety of infrazygomatic and suprazygomatic approaches to pterygopalatine fossa using virtual reality
Authors: Jerman Anže , Umek Nejc , Cvetko Erika , Snoj Žiga 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundInjections of local anesthetics into pterygopalatine fossa gained popularity for treating acute and chronic facial pain and headaches. Injury of maxillary artery during pterygopalatine fossa injection can result in pseudoaneurysm formation or acute bleeding. We aimed to identify the optimal approach into pterygopalatine fossa by comparing feasibility and safety of suprazygomatic and two infrazygomatic approaches.MethodsWe analyzed 100 diagnostic CT angiographies of cerebral arteries using 3D virtual reality. Each approach was determined as a target point in pterygomaxillary fissure and an array of outermost edges trajectories leading to it. The primary outcomes were feasibility and safety for each approach. The secondary outcome was the determination of maxillary artery position for each approach to identify the safest needle entry point.ResultsSuprazygomatic approach was feasible in 96.5% of cases, while both infrazygomatic approaches were feasible in all cases. Suprazygomatic approach proved safe in all cases, posterior infrazygomatic in 73.5%, and anterior infrazygomatic in 38%. The risk of maxillary artery puncture in anterior infrazygomatic approach was 14.7%±26.4% compared to 7.5%±17.2%. in posterior infrazygomatic with the safest needle entry point in the upper-lateral quadrant in both approaches.ConclusionThe suprazygomatic approach proved to be the safest, however not always feasible. The posterior infrazygomatic approach was always feasible and predominantly safe if the needle entry point was just anterior to the condylar process. The anterior infrazygomatic approach was always feasible, however least safe even with an optimal needle entry point just anterior to the coronoid process.
Induced CP-violation in the Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian
Authors: Ghasemkhani M. , Rahmanpour V. , Bufalo R. , Mnatsakanova M. N. , Soto A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the behaviour of the Euler–Heisenberg effective action in the presence of a novel axial coupling among the gauge field and the fermionic matter. This axial coupling is responsible to induce a CP-violating term in the extended form of the Euler–Heisenberg effective action, which is generated naturally through the analysis of the box diagram. However, this anomalous model is not a viable extension of QED, and we explicitly show that the induced CP-violating term in the Euler–Heisenberg effective Lagrangian is obtained only by adding an axial coupling to the ordinary QED Lagrangian. In order to perform our analysis, we use a parametrization of the vector and axial coupling constants, $$g_{v}$$

g
v

and $$g_{a}$$

g
a

, in terms of a new coupling $$\beta $$
β
. Interestingly, this parametrization allows us to explore a hidden symmetry under the change of $$g_{v}\leftrightarrow g_{a}$$

g
v

↔

g
a

in some diagrams. This symmetry is explicitly observed in the analysis of the box diagram, where we determine the $$\lambda _i$$

λ
i

coefficients of $${\mathcal {L}}_{\mathrm{ext.}}^\mathrm{\small EH}=\lambda _{1}{\mathcal {F}}^{2}+\lambda _{2}{\mathcal {G}}^{2}+ \lambda _{3}{\mathcal {F}}{\mathcal {G}}$$

L

ext
.

E
H

=

λ
1

F

2

+

λ
2

G

2

+

λ
3

F
G

, specially the coefficient $$\lambda _3$$

λ
3

related with the CP-violating term due to the axial coupling. As a phenomenological application of the results, we compute the relevant cross section for the light by light scattering through the extended Euler–Heisenberg effective action.
Analytically approximation solution to $$R^{2}$$ gravity
Authors: Sajadi S. N. , Hajilou Ali , Hendi S. H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain analytical approximate black hole solutions in the framework of f(R) gravity and the absence of a cosmological constant. In this area, we apply the equations of motion of the theory to a spherically symmetric spacetime with one unknown function and derive black hole solutions without any constraints on the Ricci scalar. To do so, first, we obtain the near horizon and asymptotic solutions and then use both of them to obtain a complete solution by utilizing a continued-fraction expansion. Finally, we investigate the stability of the solutions by employing the thermodynamics and quasi-normal modes.
Quantum kinetic theory of Jeans instability in non-minimal matter-curvature coupling gravity
Authors: Gomes Cláudio , Ourabah Kamel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a quantum treatment of the Jeans gravitational instability in the Newtonian limit of the non-minimal matter-curvature coupling gravity model. By relying on Wigner functions, allowing for the representation of quantum states in a classical phase space, we formulate a quantum kinetic treatment of this problem, generalizing the classical kinetic approach (Gomes in Eur Phys J C 80:633, 2020). This allows us to study the interplay between non-minimal matter-curvature coupling effects, quantum effects, and kinetic (finite-temperature) effects, on the Jeans criterion. We study in detail special cases of the model (general relativity, f(R) theories, pure non-minimal coupling, etc.) and confront the model with the observed stability of Bok globules.
Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Associated Factors among Chronic Disease Patients in a Resource Limited Setting in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abetu Mehari Eden , Mekonen Tafete Getu , Tesfahun Adugnaw Melkamu , Abubeker Abdela Ousman 
Published: January 2023

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects patients with chronic diseases. Thus, chronic disease patients are among the first high-risk population groups to get vaccinated. This might be challenged by vaccine hesitancy as it is one of the top ten global health issues for 2019. Furthermore, vaccination myths and conspiracy theories have been proliferating, and the developing world can readily embrace them, which might cause vaccine hesitancy. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding chronic illness patient’s willingness to be vaccinated. As a result, the aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of vaccine hesitancy and associated factors among chronic disease patients in Ethiopia. Method. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult ambulatory chronic disease patients who were selected using stratified sampling technique from June 1 to August 1, 2021. Data were collected through a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. Vaccine hesitancy was measured based on a questionnaire which was adapted from the reviewed literature. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors, and variables with

p
<
0.05

were considered statistically significant. Result. A total of 422 respondents participated in the survey; the response rate was 99.7%. The mean age of the participants was 45 years

±

16.95 and 228 (54%) of them were male. Almost half of the respondents (49.5%) were hesitant toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants who were male (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.35), having good knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 1.60 95% CI: 1.06, 2.41) and having a comorbidity (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.73, 6.56), were factors associated with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion. The level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was high. The COVID-19 vaccine’s acceptability was influenced by being a man, having knowledge about the vaccine and having comorbidities. Furthermore, the most prevalent reason for refusing to take the vaccination is a fear that it may not be safe. As a result, public awareness campaigns should concentrate on delivering more information about the COVID-19 vaccine’s safety and efficacy. Furthermore, it is critical to disseminate accurate information, particularly among women, and to educate people about the vaccine.
Nationally Certified Stroke Centers Outperform Self-Attested Stroke Centers in the Florida Stroke Registry
Authors: Marulanda Erika , Bustillo Antonio , Gutierrez Carolina M. , Rose David Z. , Jameson Angus , Gardener Hannah , Alkhachroum Ayham , Zhou Lili , Ying Hao , Dong Chuanhui , Foster Dianne , Hanel Ricardo , Mehta Brijesh , Mokin Maxim , Mueller-Kronast Nils , Landreth Mark , Sand Charles , Romano Jose G. , Rundek Tatjana , Asdaghi Negar , Sacco Ralph L. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The Florida Stroke Act, signed into law in 2004, set criteria for Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSC). For a set time period, Florida hospitals were permitted to either receive national certification (NC) or could self-attest (SA) as fulfilling CSC criteria. The aim of this project was to evaluate the quality of ischemic stroke care in NC versus SA stroke centers in Florida, using well-known, guideline-driven ischemic stroke outcome metrics.

Methods:
A total of 37 CSCs (74% of Florida CSCs) in the Florida Stroke Registry from January 2013 through December 2018 were analyzed, including 19 SA CSCs and 18 NC (13 CSCs and 5 Thrombectomy-Capable Stroke Center). Hospital- and patient-level characteristics and stroke metrics were evaluated, adjusting for demographics, medical comorbidities, and stroke severity.

Results:

A total of 78 424 acute ischemic stroke cases, 36 089 from SA CSCs and 42 335 from NC CSC/Thrombectomy-Capable Stroke Centers were analyzed. NC centers had older patients (73 [61–83] versus 71 [60–81];
P
<0.001) with more severe strokes (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 5 versus 4;
P
<0.001). NC had higher intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator utilization (15% versus 13%;
P
<0.001), endovascular treatment (10% versus 7%;
P
<0.001) and faster median door-to-computed tomography (23 minutes [11–73] versus 31 [12–78];
P
<0.001), door-to-needle (37 minutes [26–50] versus 45 [34–58];
P
<0.001) and door-to-puncture times (77 minutes [50–113] versus 93 [62–140];
P
<0.001). In adjusted analysis, patients arriving to NC hospitals by 3 hours were more likely to get intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in the 3- to 4.5-hour window (adjusted odds ratio, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.30–2.68];
P
=0.001) and more likely to be treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator within 45 minutes (adjusted odds ratio, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.04–2.50];
P
=0.04) compared with SA CSCs.

Conclusions:
Among Florida-Stroke Registry CSCs, acute ischemic stroke performance and treatment measures at NC centers are superior to SA CSCs. These findings have implications for stroke systems of care in Florida and support legislation updates requiring NC and removal of SA claims.