bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle Swarm Optimization Feature Extraction Technique for Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Ganesh Vaishnavi , Sharma Manmohan , Henge Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The task of ensuring cyber-security has grown increasingly challenging as the alarming expansion of computer connectivity and the large number of computer-related applications has expanded recently. It also requires a sufficient protection system against a variety of cyberattacks. Detecting discrepancies and risks in a computer network, as well as creating intrusion detection systems (IDS) to aid in cyber-security. Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning (ML) approaches, were used to create a practical data-driven intrusion detection system. Two alternative intrusion detection (ID) classification approaches were compared in this study, each with its own set of use cases. Before using the two classifiers for classification, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach was used to reduce dimensionality. The classification approaches used to characterise network anomalies were studied in this study. PSO + ANN (Artificial neural network), PSO + Decision Tree (PSO+DT) and PSO + K-Nearest Neighbor (PSO+KNN) are the three classifiers used. The detection approaches' results were confirmed using the KDD-CUP 99 dataset. On the result of the implementation, success indicators like as specificity, recall, f1-score, accuracy, precision, and consistency were used on cyber-security databases for different types of cyber-attacks. The accuracy, detection rate (DR), and false-positive rate of the two classifiers were also compared to see which one outperforms the other (FPR). Finally, the system was compared to the IDS that was already in place. In terms of detecting network anomalies, the results reveal that PSO+ANN outperforms the PSO+KNN and PSO+DT classifier algorithms.
An evaluation method for determining preeclampsia risk levels during pregnancy
Authors: Şahin Rıdvan , Şahin Meltem 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), which is one of the most common complications in pregnancy and affects approximately 2% to 8% of all pregnancies, is a hypertensive disorder of gestation diagnosed with hypertension and proteinuria that usually occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy. PE is characterized by new onset of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) and proteinuria that develops after 20 weeks of gestation and usually resolves within 48h of fetal delivery. It can cause pain for mother and fetus as well as increase their risk of death. According to Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, PE can be identified under three criteria: systolic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria. The main objective of this research is to develop an evaluation method to identify the risk degree of preeclampsia in pregnancy. When considering clinical measures as an interval rather than a single value, it is important not only to evaluate this interval but also to test the reliability of the evaluation. In order to express the uncertainty and reliability of interval data, we propose a neutrosophic interval set (NIS) model in this paper. A NIS presents the evaluation interval with regard to objects and its reliability simultaneously. In addition, in order to determine the PE risk degree, a new risk evaluation method is developed which is based on the similarity measure of NISs and considered decision maker's risk attitude. Finally, the practicability of developed method in this work are illustrated by an example of determining the PE risk degrees of 12 pregnant. The comparative analysis demonstrates that proposed evaluation approach is superior performance to that of the existing PE risk evaluation method.
A Year of Trauma at the Emergency Department of National Referral Hospital in Bhutan: An Observational Study
Authors: Wangdi Sherab , Watts Melanie , LeVine Shankar , Tshering Ugyen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

Trauma and related injuries are one of the top ten causes of disability in the world. With the lack of proper baseline data, this study was conducted to improve the understanding of types, modes and outcomes related to trauma visiting the emergency department of national referral hospital in Bhutan.

Methods

An observational study of all the trauma cases admitted to the Emergency Department over a one year period detailing the mechanism of injury, types of injuries sustained and patient outcomes was carried out. Case record form was used for data collection and Epidata analysis was done for descriptive analysis.

Results

A total of 820 participants were included during the study period. The sample consisted of 71.6% males and 28.4% females. The median age was 32 years with more than half of the patients (51.4%) belonging to the age range from 26 to 60 years. The top three occupations that experienced trauma were farmers (23.2%), followed by office workers (20.7%) and students (16.9%). Pre-hospital transport was primarily by ambulance (66%) followed by private vehicle (33%). Accidental injury accounted for 91.9% of the injured patients, followed by interpersonal assault (4.8%) and self-harm 3.3%. Fall injuries accounted for 46.2% of the trauma among the study participants, followed by occupational injury (19.1%) and motor vehicle collision injury (19.0%). Extremity injuries were the most common anatomical site comprising of nearly half of all trauma. Majority were admitted to the orthopedic ward 68.2% (n = 391) followed by the surgical ward (n = 91 15.8%). Around sixty five percent (64.9%) were admitted to general ward, 28% of the patients were discharged from ER, 5% were admitted to the ICU and ED mortality was 1.3%.

Conclusion

This study provides a clinical trauma profile at the national referral hospital in Bhutan where injury-related presentations are common. It highlights the importance of emergency department in managing and evaluation of trauma cases. It also shows the need of further studies to better understand the country’s trauma distribution and development of a robust trauma surveillance system to better provide effective prehospital care and standardized timely hospital care.
Development of the production technology of a new highly effective thermal grease
Authors: Shishkin Roman 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A rapid increase in the power of microelectronic devices, along with a reduction in their size, leads to a rapid growth in the density of dissipated heat flows. As a result, thermal management becomes a crucial factor for maintaining the stable uninterrupted operation of microelectronic devices. Stricter requirements for thermal interface materials (TIMs) make it necessary to optimize their production technology. A solution-based technology for obtaining grease with enhanced thermophysical properties is proposed. It has been shown that heat treatment of a mechanical mixture of aluminum nitride (AlN) and graphite (C) (1:1 by weight) in a vacuum at temperatures of 250–350 ° C makes it possible to clean the surface of the particles from moisture and organic impurities, which leads to an increase in the thermal conductivity of the materials obtained. It was revealed that the best solvent at the processing stage is AlN:C silane is ethanol due to the high chemical similarity with silane surfactant. In contrast, when introducing particles into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the highest thermal conductivity results were achieved with acetone as a solvent. The use of ultrasonic treatment of the filler, when introduced into the polymer matrix, was considered. It was shown that the optimal duration is 10 to 15 minutes, depending on the surfactant. The resulting thermal pastes have sufficient thermal conductivity (up to 2.25 W/ (m·K)) and high thermal stability up to the flash point of PDMS (340°C).
Students Engagement Using Polls in Virtual Sessions of Physiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bawazeer Mona Abubakr , Aamir Saima , Othman Fatmah , Alkahtani Reem 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Active involvement of students in class using technology is associated with effective learning and understanding. This work intended to analyze the impact of interactive teaching on medical students’ engagement, learning, performance, understanding and attendance in virtual classes of physiology, pathology, and pharmacology during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at college of medicine at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in Riyadh during January-April 2022. Third- and fourth-year medical students filled a self-reported questionnaire that assessed students’ engagement, understanding, performance, and attendance during the sessions of three courses within the curriculum. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the difference between the survey responses.
Results
A total of 184/234 questionnaires were completed and returned, with an overall response rate of 78.6%. 55% of the participants were involved at least more than 5 times in polls during the class. 86.9% of the students agreed on enjoying participation in polls during the class, and 88.9% recommended the utilization of the polls again. Participation in polls improved understanding of 88%, and performance of 63% of the students. In addition, 38% were neutral regarding attendance improvement and spending more time for the class. 18% of fourth-year students disagree that polls improve the grades compared to third-year students, 4.1% and the agreement is about 50% of each year.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study showed that there is an impact of using interactive polls in virtual classes in medical students at KSAU-HS. It is recommended to continue using polls in all subjects in on-site sessions. This will be a great preface step toward switching the traditional teaching to the interactive teaching using flipped classroom strategy in the future.
Comparison of the Different Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D) Mice in the Enteric Nervous System
Authors: Liu Shan , Ke Wei , Yang HuiFei , Lu Qin , Zhang Chi , Li HanHan , Xie XiangYu , Huang SiYu , Guo Wei , Tang Hongmei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
As “the second brain”, the gastrointestinal tract contains an intrinsic neuronal network: the Enteric Nervous System (ENS). The ENS governs motility, fluid homeostasis, and blood flow, and it also works with other parts of the intestine, playing a vital role in the occurrence and development of IBS-D.
Methods
To assess the effects of different IBS-D rat models (life stress, chemical enema stimulation, and compound stimulation ) on the ENS, we have established three models of BALB/c mice by wrapping restrain stress (WRS), a single administration of trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid with 50ul (TNBS, 2mg/mouse in 50% ethanol), and WRS + TNBS. We have also determined Cytokine levels, the activity of intestinal neurons, intestinal mucosal barrier function, intestinal neurotransmitters, and structural changes of intestinal nerve cells after inducing IBS-D.
Results
This research found that the intervention of TNBS + WRS, WRS, and TNBS would induce a similar course of effects on the ENS. Among the three models, the distance at the open-field test decreased with speed, AWR scores (at 0.6ml), and intestinal permeability all increased. The levels of 5- hydroxytryptamine in colon tissue rapidly increased, whereas serum showed no significant changes. Using TEM to observe monocyte cells infiltrating neuronal cells and the structural changes in neurons. According to Western blot, HTR3A, C-fos level increased, and PGP9.5 decreased in TNBS + WRS and WRS modeling groups. Using the LEGENDplex™ detection kit to assess 13 mouse cytokines for colon tissues, we found that some inflammation factors significantly changed in the TNBS + WRS group.
Conclusion
This study depicts a general description of the major processes through which the tumor itself causes fatigue and renders a standard and reliable animal model for further pharmacological or pharmacodynamic studies.
Breast Mass Detection and Visualization with Complementary Deep Learning Architectures
Authors: Frank Steven J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
· Purpose: Mammograms are analyzed to identify and localize breast mass lesions as an aid to clinician review.
· Approach: Two complementary forms of deep learning are used to identify the regions of interest (ROIs). An object-detection algorithm, YOLO v5, analyzes the entire mammogram to identify discrete image regions likely to represent masses. Object detections exhibit high precision. A convolutional neural network (CNN) also analyzes the mammogram after it has been decomposed into subregion tiles, and is trained to emphasize sensitivity (recall). The ROIs identified by each form of analysis are highlighted in different colors to facilitate an efficient staged review.
· Results and conclusion: The object-detection stage alone exhibits high precision but insufficient overall accuracy for a clinical application. The CNN stage nearly always detects tumor masses when present, but typically occupies a larger area of the image. By inspecting the high-precision regions followed by the high-sensitivity regions, clinicians can quickly identify likely lesions before completing review of the full mammogram. Even without removing pectoral muscle from the analysis, the ROIs occupy less than 20% of the tissue in the mammograms on average. As a result, the proposed system helps clinicians review mammograms with greater accuracy and efficiency.
Characterization, nitrogen availability and agronomic efficiency of fermented composts in organic vegetable production
Authors: Pian Livia Bischof , Guerra José Guilherme Marinho , Berbara Ricardo Luis Louro , de Jesus Monalisa Santana Coelho , Junior José Barbosa , Araújo Ednaldo da Silva 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Fermented composts obtained from a mixture of raw materials and a microbial inoculant, known as “bokashi,” are alternatives used by many farmers around the world. We evaluated the chemical composition, fermentation pathways, N availability, and agronomic efficiency of fermented compost obtained from different plant-based raw materials. The standard compost formulation composition was 60% wheat bran and 40% castor bean bran. From this formulation, wheat bran was gradually replaced by coffee husk, brewery residue, and elephant grass bran, and leguminous bran replaced castor bean bran. Incubation tests evaluated nutrient content (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg), pH, electrical conductivity, and fermentation pathways (by the organic acids lactic, acetic, propanoic, butyric, and ethanol). A bioassay in greenhouse conditions accessed N availability. Additionally, a field experiment evaluated the agronomic efficiency of 5 formulations and 4 doses (0 to 400 kg N ha−¹) in successive vegetable production. The formulations with a balanced C/N ratio showed the potential to combine desirable fermentative and nutritional characteristics with good N availability and plant growth. Some formulations drastically changed the compost characteristics, especially the full replacement of wheat bran for coffee husk and elephant grass, which presented undesirable fermentation pathways. Leguminous bran maintained the fermentative quality and increased the soil’s biological activity but decreased the nutrient content, N availability, and vegetable productivity. The brewery residue showed the most prominent fermentation quality, nutrient content, and N availability. The addition of 30% coffee husk resulted in agronomic performance and nutrient accumulation similar to the standard compost.
Intraspecific morphological variations of the extensor tendons of the carpus and digits in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris): a cadaver study
Authors: Kamali Younes , Almasi Reyhane , Fathollahi Saeid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of variations of the extensor tendons of the carp and digits in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). A total of 68 paired forelimbs of the domestic dog (both sexes) fixed in a 10% formalin solutionwere examined. The extensor carpi radialis (ECR) had triple tendons of which the extra tendon either inserted separately on the fourth metacarpal (one right) or joined the tendon of its counterpart at the distal end (one bilateral). It was noted that one of the ECR tendons split into two or three slips inserting on the first, second, third, or fourth metacarpal in 11 (16.2%) dissections. A long tendon slip from the ECR tendons to digiti II or III was found in 7.4% of the dissections. The most common type of contribution to digit III was a third tendon of the extensor digiti I et II (ED III) joining the extensor digitorum lateralis (EDL III) with a frequency of 17.6%. In other types of variations, the contribution to digit III was incomplete. The rare intraspecific variations of the extensor tendons of the manus reported in this study are clinically and phylogenetically valuable. However, their functional significance needs further investigation.
Solving Nonlinear Parabolic-hyperbolic Composite Type Equations by modified Differential Transform Method
Authors: Teyar Nadir 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I study a nonlinear Parabolic-hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations. I use the modified differential transform method to solve these equations with specified initial conditions. The modified differential transform method is efficient tool for obtaining exact analytic solutions with less computation.
Understanding the relationship between cerebellar structure and social abilities
Authors: Elandaloussi Yannis , Floris Dorothea L , Coupé Pierrick , Duchesnay Edouard , Mihailov Angeline , Grigis Antoine , Bègue Indrit , Victor Julie , Frouin Vincent , Leboyer Marion , Houenou Josselin , Laidi Charles 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background. The cerebellum contains more than 50% of all neurons in the brain and is involved in a broad range of cognitive functions, including social communication and social cognition. Inconsistent atypicalities in the cerebellum have been reported in individuals with autism compared to controls suggesting the limits of categorical case control comparisons. Alternatively, investigating how clinical dimensions are related to neuroanatomical features, in line with the Research Domain Criteria approach, might be more relevant. We hypothesized that the volume of the “cognitive” lobules of the cerebellum would be associated with social difficulties.
Methods.We analyzed structural MRI data from a large pediatric and transdiagnostic sample (Healthy Brain Network). We performed cerebellar parcellation with a well-validated automated segmentation pipeline (CERES). We studied how social communication abilities – assessed with the social component of the social responsiveness scale (SRS) – were associated with the cerebellar structure, using linear mixed models and canonical correlation analysis.
Results.In 850 children and teenagers (mean age 10.8 ± 3 years; range 5-18 years) we found no associations between social communication abilities and cerebellar structure in linear mixed models. However, we found a significant association between the cerebellum, IQ and social communication performance in our canonical correlation model.
Conclusion. Our results unravel a complex relationship between cerebellar structure, social performance and IQ and provide support for the involvement of the cerebellum in social and cognitive processes.
What is the appropriate gravel size during ureteroscopy lithotripsy? An in vitro evaluation
Authors: Song Baiyang , Jin Dan , Cheng Yue , Wang Zhengyi , Wang Fengqi , Fang Li 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
To propose the suitable diameter of calculus debris produced during flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy (fURL).
Methods
A glass tube was used to simulate the stone excretion process during Furl. Different stone diameters (0.50–1.00 mm, 0.25–0.50 mm, and 0.10–0.25 mm) with three sizes of flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) (Fr7.5, Fr8.7, and Fr9.9) and ureteral access sheath (UAS) (12/14Fr) with or without negative pressure suction were employed in the experiment. The intraoperative calculi excretion (ICE) was recorded according to the stones discharged from the gap between Furs and UAS.
Results
The ICE raised significantly in thinner fURS and UAS due to the smaller ratio of endoscope-sheath diameter (RESD). The gravel size ≤ 0.25 mm was conducive to drainage with traditional UAS, while using fURS with negative-pressure UAS could significantly improve ICE. The gravel size ≤ 0.5 mm was conducive to expulsion.
Conclusion
We clarify that ICE during ureteroscopy relates to RESD and negative pressure suction. The proper size of the stone fragment is critical in ensuring the expulsion during fURL, ≤ 0.25 mm in traditional UAS and ≤ 0.50 mm in negative-pressure UAS, respectively.
Retrospective Study of Normal Variations in Vertebral Artery on CT angiography with special emphasis on relevant embryology
Authors: Phukan Pranjal , Saikia Bishwajeet , Sarma Amitav , Baruah Sudipta Dipak , Das Gautam Chandra , Gayan Partha Sarathi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose:The Vertebral arteries (VA) nourishes the posterior circulation supplying the brain. These variant patterns can be correlated to their development and such embryological variants should be well known before diagnosing or planning interventions in the head and neck regions.
Methods: After due ethical clearence, CT angiography of 70 subjects were studied for variations of VA under, V1 – From origin to entrance into the FT (foramen transversarium), V2- Part inside FT, V3- from its exit from FT till it pierces the cranial Dura mater, V4- Intracranial part. Further, VA was observed for its origin, dominance, level of entry in FT, and any associated anomalies.
Results:The VA was found mostly to be codominant. There was an opposite directional relationship between the BA curvature and the dominance of VA. The association of ischemic events with hypoplastic VA was more on the left side (66.67%). Left VA originated from Aorta in 4.3% subjects. 1.4% cases presented with dual origin of VA. The abnormal origin of the LVA from Aorta presented with a higher rate of anomalous entry (C4, C5) into FT (C6) and was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion:Our study attempts to identify and document anatomical variations present in VA in the population of North-East India by CT angiography and to correlate their relevant development which may further help us understand these patterns for better diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.