bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient wait times for daily outpatient radiotherapy appointments (a single-centre study)
Authors: Roy Soumya , Sarkar Biplab , Pradhan Anirudh , Munshi Anusheel , Chauhan Rohit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurpose:Patient wait time for every single fraction of every patient treated at our centre for the past year has been presented in this study. The waiting time data were analysed across different treatment sites and modalities.Materials and Methods:Between March 2021 and March 2022, all patients and their corresponding recorded measurements of waiting time were analysed. Times recorded included check-in time (CK), scheduled time to start treatment (SC) and beam-on time for the first beam of therapy (ST). SPSS version 18 was used for statistical calculations, correlations and assessing significance.Results:A total of 181 patients were treated during this duration. The total number of radiotherapy (RT) sessions recorded was 3011. Out of these 3011 sessions, number of times treated by rapid arc (RA), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) were 68.18%, 30.19%, 0.167%, 0.565% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean (± standard deviation) times for scheduled time to start treatment (SC) to check-in time (CK), SC to ST (beam-on time for the first beam of treatment), CK to ST and (CK or SC) to ST were −14 ± 48 min, 6 ± 50 min, 19 ± 24 min and −4 ± 31 min, respectively.Conclusion:Patient wait times during RT were presented in this study. This study covered the daily waiting times before RT during modern-day RT treatment sessions. This vast series of consecutive patient data will be a valuable resource for the future planning and management of any modern RT department.
Understanding factors affecting implementation success and sustainability of a comprehensive prevention program for cardiovascular disease in primary health care: a qualitative process evaluation study combining RE-AIM and CFIR
Authors: Aerts Naomi , Van Royen Kathleen , Van Bogaert Peter , Peremans Lieve , Bastiaens Hilde 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aim:
Our aim was to evaluate the implementation process of a comprehensive cardiovascular disease prevention program in general practice, to enhance understanding of influencing factors to implementation success and sustainability, and to learn how to overcome barriers.

Background:
Cardiovascular disease and its risk factors are the world’s leading cause of mortality, yet can be prevented by addressing unhealthy lifestyle behavior. Nevertheless, the transition toward a prevention-oriented primary health care remains limited. A better understanding of factors facilitating or hindering implementation success and sustainability of prevention programs, and how barriers may be addressed, is needed. This work is part of Horizon 2020 project ‘SPICES’, which aims to implement validated preventive interventions in vulnerable populations.

Methods:
We conducted a qualitative process evaluation with participatory action research approach of implementation in five general practices. Data were collected through 38 semi-structured individual and small group interviews with seven physicians, 11 nurses, one manager and one nursing assistant, conducted before, during, and after the implementation period. We applied adaptive framework analysis guided by RE-AIM Qualitative Evaluation for Systematic Translation (RE-AIM QuEST) and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Findings:
Multiple facilitators and barriers affected reach of vulnerable target populations: adoption by primary health care providers, implementation and fidelity and intention to maintain the program into routine practice. In addition, our study revealed concrete actions, linked to implementation strategies, that can be undertaken to address identified barriers. Prioritization of prevention in general practice vision, ownership, and shared responsibility of all team members, compatibility with existing work processes and systems, expanding nurse’s roles and upskilling competence profiles, supportive financial and regulatory frameworks, and a strong community – health care link are crucial to increase implementation success and long-term maintenance of prevention programs. COVID-19 was a major barrier to the implementation. RE-AIM QuEST, CFIR, and participatory strategies are useful to guide implementation of prevention programs in primary health care.
Analysis of Land Use Change in the N'ZI Watershed of Côte d'Ivoire Using Landsat Satellite Images
Authors: Yao K. L. , Kouakou K. E. , Kouassi A. M. , Deguy A. J.‐P. , Camara M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUncontrolled population growth and strong industrialization are enormous pressures on natural resources. To monitor land use changes in the N'ZI watershed, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) were used from three satellite images: Landsat 4 and 5 (1986), Landsat 7 (2000), and Landsat 8 (2020). The method of supervised classification and calculation of spectral indices was used in this work. The results of the analysis identified six land use classes that changed over the 1986–2000, 2000–2020, and 1986–2020 periods. Water surfaces showed a decrease from −64.95% to −52.47% over the period (2000–2020 and 1986–2020). The forest class showed an average decrease of −86.93%. The savannah class had a reduction of −3.97% and the agricultural class of −9.30% between 1986 and 2020. All this desertification has been to the advantage of the great increase of dwellings‐bare soil of 373.63% and of the weakly covered grounds of 10.60%. These results allowed the detection of different spatial and temporal changes in the N'ZI watershed, creating an awareness to control land occupancy.
European Winter Climate Response to Projected Arctic Sea‐Ice Loss Strongly Shaped by Change in the North Atlantic Jet
Authors: Ye Kunhui , Woollings Tim , Screen James A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have found inconsistent responses of the North Atlantic jet to Arctic sea‐ice loss. The response of wintertime atmospheric circulation and surface climate over the North Atlantic‐European region to future Arctic sea‐ice loss under 2°C global warming is analyzed, using model output from the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project. The models agree that the North Atlantic jet shifts slightly southward in response to sea‐ice loss, but they disagree on the sign of the jet speed response. The jet response induces a dipole anomaly of precipitation and storm track activity over the North Atlantic‐European region. The changes in jet latitude and speed induce distinct regional surface climate responses, and together they strongly shape the North Atlantic‐European response to future Arctic sea‐ice loss. Constraining the North Atlantic jet response is important for reducing uncertainty in the North Atlantic‐European precipitation response to future Arctic sea‐ice loss.
In‐Situ Vp/Vs Reveals Fault‐Zone Material Variation at the Westernmost Gofar Transform Fault, East Pacific Rise
Authors: Liu Tianze , Gong Jianhua , Fan Wenyuan , Lin Guoqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOcean transform faults often generate characteristic earthquakes that repeatedly rupture the same fault patches. The westernmost Gofar transform fault quasi‐periodically hosts ∼M6 earthquakes every ∼5 years, and microseismicity suggests that the fault is segmented into five distinct zones, including a rupture barrier zone that may have modulated the rupture of adjacent M6 earthquakes. However, the relationship between the systematic slip behavior of the Gofar fault and the fault material properties is still poorly known. Specifically, the role of pore fluids in regulating the slip of the Gofar fault is unclear. Here, we use differential travel times between nearby earthquakes to estimate the in‐situ Vp/Vs of the fault‐zone materials. We apply this technique to the dataset collected by an ocean‐bottom‐seismometer network deployed around the Gofar fault in 2008, which recorded abundant microearthquakes, and find a moderate Vp/Vs of 1.75–1.80 in the rupture barrier zone and a low Vp/Vs of 1.61–1.69 in the down‐dip edge of the 2008 M6 rupture zone. This lateral variation in Vp/Vs may be caused by both pore fluids and chemical alteration. We also find a 5%–10% increase in Vp/Vs in the barrier zone during the 9 months before the mainshock. This increase may have been caused by fluid migrations or slip transients in the barrier zone.
Impact of Ural Blocking on Early Winter Climate Variability Under Different Barents‐Kara Sea Ice Conditions
Authors: Peings Y. , Davini P. , Magnusdottir G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUral blocking (UB) is a prominent mode of variability of the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, particularly in fall. It can persist for several days and exert a lagged influence on the wintertime NH circulation, providing predictability at the subseasonal time scale. Using two atmospheric models, we explore how the early winter atmospheric circulation responds to a 2‐week persistent UB anomaly imposed in early November. Experiments are carried out with two different configurations of Barents‐Kara (BK) sea‐ice concentration to examine whether it plays a role in how UB impacts atmospheric variability. In both models, the UB anomaly is followed by a weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex and a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which lasts up to 2 months after the forcing is released. Interestingly, the response is more persistent under low BK sea‐ice conditions, that is, BK sea ice modulates the atmospheric response to UB. Additional experiments with prescribed sea ice concentration anomalies alone suggest that BK sea ice exerts a limited influence on early winter NH atmospheric variability. The response to UB involves a weakening of the polar vortex that persists longer under low BK sea ice, which explains the more persistent response in that configuration. Our study highlights that UB variability in November is a robust precursor for early winter NAO/polar stratosphere anomalies, and this may be more relevant in the context of declining Arctic sea‐ice extent. Provided that climate models accurately capture this teleconnection, it has the potential to improve subseasonal predictions of the NH wintertime climate.
Groundwater‐Controlled Deposition of Equatorial Layered Deposits in Central Arabia Terra, Mars
Authors: Di Pietro I. , Schmidt G. , Tangari A. C. , Salese F. , Silvestro S. , Fairén A. G. , Marinangeli L. , Pondrelli M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEquatorial Layered Deposits (ELDs) reveal aspects of past depositional environments useful for timing climatic and geological events on Mars. However, their formation has several contending hypotheses which reflect a diverse range of possible environments. To better constrain their formation mechanism, we analyzed the stratigraphic and mineralogical characteristics and mapped the distribution of ELDs within three close craters, Sera, Jiji, and an unnamed crater in central Arabia Terra. Analyses of craters' geology allowed us to reconstruct the paleo‐environments where ELDs have been deposited. Thinning and thickening sequence trends show shared and repeated variations in the depositional environment, reflecting sediment accumulation strongly controlled by a regional groundwater reservoir. Layered deposits are characterized by monohydrated and polyhydrated sulfate signatures implying an interaction between water and rock in acidic conditions. Our study contributes to the understanding of regional geological processes in Arabia Terra revealing long‐term aqueous activity.
Soil Moisture to Runoff (SM2R): A Data‐Driven Model for Runoff Estimation Across Poorly Gauged Asian Water Towers Based on Soil Moisture Dynamics
Authors: Li Xueying , Long Di , Slater Louise J. , Moulds Simon , Shahid Muhammad , Han Pengfei , Zhao Fanyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlmost 2 billion people depend on freshwater provided by the Asian water towers, yet long‐term runoff estimation is challenging in this high‐mountain region with a harsh environment and scarce observations. Most hydrologic models rely on observed runoff for calibration, and have limited applicability in the poorly gauged Asian water towers. To overcome such limitations, here we propose a novel data‐driven model, SM2R (Soil Moisture to Runoff), to simulate monthly runoff based on soil moisture dynamics using reanalysis forcing data. The SM2R model was applied and examined in 20 drainage basins across seven Asian water towers during the past four decades of 1981–2020. Without invoking any observations for calibration, the overall good performance of SM2R‐derived runoff (correlation coefficient ≥0.74 and normalized root mean square error ≤0.22 compared to observed runoff at 20 gauges) suggests considerable potential for runoff simulation in poorly gauged basins. Even though the SM2R model is forced by ERA5‐Land (ERA5L) reanalysis data, it largely outperforms the ERA5L‐estimated runoff across the seven Asian water towers, particularly in basins with widely distributed glaciers and frozen soil. The SM2R approach is highly promising for constraining hydrologic variables from soil moisture information. Our results provide valuable insights for not only long‐term runoff estimation over key Asian basins, but also understanding hydrologic processes across poorly gauged regions globally.
An Evolving Lithospheric‐Scale Wrench Fault System Along the Eastern End of the Altyn Tagh Fault: Kinematics and Quaternary Activity of the Heishan Fault System, Western China
Authors: Yang Haibo , Li An , Cunningham Dickson , Yang Xiaoping , Zhan Yan , Chen Zhidan , Hu Zongkai , Zuo Yuqi , Miao Shuqing , Sun Xiangyu , Tang Ruoni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) is a major intracontinental strike‐slip fault system that defines the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The fault system loses its obvious surface expression north of the Qilian Shan fold‐and‐thrust belt, but may link eastward with multiple faults in the northern Hexi Corridor and southern Alxa block. To better understand the potential connectivity and displacement transfer between the ATF and the northern Hexi Corridor fault array, we carried out a multidisciplinary field and remote sensing‐based investigation of the actively deforming Heishan and Jinta'Nanshan region north of Jiayuguan City. We document Quaternary sinistral strike‐slip motion on the Heishan fault (HF) system and active sinistral transpression within a 70‐km‐long, E‐W deforming belt east of the Heishan, which is characterized by multiple left‐stepping, en‐échelon Quaternary folds and linking faults. Cosmogenic10Be dating of displaced terrace surfaces yields a vertical slip rate of ∼0.2 mm/a for the northern Heishan thrust and a sinistral strike‐slip rate of 0.6 ± 0.2 mm/a for the HF. Within the uplifted core of the Heishan massif, the HF contains ductilely deformed Paleozoic basement lithologies with dextral‐sense shear fabrics that indicate that the modern HF has reactivated and inverted an older shear zone. A previously published magnetotelluric profile across the HF system suggests that it roots into a steep, deeply penetrating fault that is unlinked to the Qilian Shan thrust wedge. Instead, we suggest that the active sinistral deformation belt of the Heishan‐Jinta'Nanshan represents the eastward‐evolving, upper crustal expression of the modern ATF system.
One-step printable platform for high-efficiency metasurfaces down to the deep-ultraviolet region
Authors: Kim Joohoon , Kim Wonjoong , Oh Dong Kyo , Kang Hyunjung , Kim Hongyoon , Badloe Trevon , Kim Seokwoo , Park Chanwoong , Choi Hojung , Lee Heon , Rho Junsuk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA single-step printable platform for ultraviolet (UV) metasurfaces is introduced to overcome both the scarcity of low-loss UV materials and manufacturing limitations of high cost and low throughput. By dispersing zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles in a UV-curable resin, ZrO2 nanoparticle-embedded-resin (nano-PER) is developed as a printable material which has a high refractive index and low extinction coefficient from near-UV to deep-UV. In ZrO2 nano-PER, the UV-curable resin enables direct pattern transfer and ZrO2 nanoparticles increase the refractive index of the composite while maintaining a large bandgap. With this concept, UV metasurfaces can be fabricated in a single step by nanoimprint lithography. As a proof of concept, UV metaholograms operating in near-UV and deep-UV are experimentally demonstrated with vivid and clear holographic images. The proposed method enables repeat and rapid manufacturing of UV metasurfaces, and thus will bring UV metasurfaces more close to real life.
Iron metabolism and ferroptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Miao Runyu , Fang Xinyi , Zhang Yanjiao , Wei Jiahua , Zhang Yuxin , Tian Jiaxing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe maintenance of iron homeostasis is essential for proper endocrine function. A growing body of evidence suggests that iron imbalance is a key factor in the development of several endocrine diseases. Nowadays, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, has become increasingly recognized as an important process to mediate the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been shown that ferroptosis in pancreas β cells leads to decreased insulin secretion; and ferroptosis in the liver, fat, and muscle induces insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanisms concerning the regulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in T2DM may lead to improved disease management. In this review, we summarized the connection between the metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in T2DM. Additionally, we discuss the potential targets and pathways concerning ferroptosis in treating T2DM and analysis the current limitations and future directions concerning these novel T2DM treatment targets.
ACSL1-induced ferroptosis and platinum resistance in ovarian cancer by increasing FSP1 N-myristylation and stability
Authors: Zhang Qingyu , Li Ning , Deng Limei , Jiang Xingmei , Zhang Yuming , Lee Leo Tsz On , Zhang Haitao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReprogramming of lipid metabolism, which modulates energy utilization and cell signaling, maintains cell survival and promotes cancer metastasis in cancer cells. Ferroptosis is a type of cell necrosis caused by an overload of lipid oxidation, which has been demonstrated to be involved in cancer cell metastasis. However, the mechanism by which fatty acid metabolism regulates the anti-ferroptosis signaling pathways is not fully understood. The formation of ovarian cancer spheroids helps to counteract the hostile microenvironment of the peritoneal cavity with low oxygen, shortage of nutrients, and subjected to platinum therapy. Previously, we demonstrated that Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) promotes cell survival and peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer, but the mechanism is still not well elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that the formation of spheroids and under exposure to platinum chemotherapy increased the levels of anti-ferroptosis proteins as well as ACSL1. Inhibition of ferroptosis can enhance spheroid formation and vice versa. Genetic manipulation of ACSL1 expression showed that ACSL1 reduced the level of lipid oxidation and increased the resistance to cell ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ACSL1 increased the N-myristoylation of ferroptosis suppressor 1 (FSP1), resulting in the inhibition of its degradation and translocation to the cell membrane. The increase in myristoylated FSP1 functionally counteracted oxidative stress-induced cell ferroptosis. Clinical data also suggested that ACSL1 protein was positively correlated with FSP1 and negatively correlated with the ferroptosis markers 4-HNE and PTGS2. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ACSL1 enhances antioxidant capacity and increases ferroptosis resistance by modulating the myristoylation of FSP1.
Size limits the sensitivity of kinetic schemes
Authors: Owen Jeremy A. , Horowitz Jordan M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiving things benefit from exquisite molecular sensitivity in many of their key processes, including DNA replication, transcription and translation, chemical sensing, and morphogenesis. At thermodynamic equilibrium, the basic biophysical mechanism for sensitivity is cooperative binding, for which it can be shown that the Hill coefficient, a sensitivity measure, cannot exceed the number of binding sites. Generalizing this fact, we find that for any kinetic scheme, at or away from thermodynamic equilibrium, a very simple structural quantity, the size of the support of a perturbation, always limits the effective Hill coefficient. We show how this bound sheds light on and unifies diverse sensitivity mechanisms, including kinetic proofreading and a nonequilibrium Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) model proposed for the E. coli flagellar motor switch, representing in each case a simple, precise bridge between experimental observations and the models we write down. In pursuit of mechanisms that saturate the support bound, we find a nonequilibrium binding mechanism, nested hysteresis, with sensitivity exponential in the number of binding sites, with implications for our understanding of models of gene regulation and the function of biomolecular condensates.
Phase formation capability and compositional design of β-phase multiple rare-earth principal component disilicates
Authors: Luo Yixiu , Sun Luchao , Wang Jiemin , Du Tiefeng , Zhou Cui , Zhang Jie , Wang Jingyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA key strategy to design environmental barrier coatings focuses on doping multiple rare-earth principal components into β-type rare-earth disilicates (RE2Si2O7) to achieve versatile property optimization. However, controlling the phase formation capability of (nRExi)2Si2O7 remains a crucial challenge, due to the complex polymorphic phase competitions and evolutions led by different RE3+ combination. Herein, by fabricating twenty-one model (REI0.25REII0.25REIII0.25REIV0.25)2Si2O7 compounds, we find that their formation capability can be evaluated by the ability to accommodate configurational randomness of multiple RE3+ cations in β-type lattice while preventing the β-to-γ polymorphic transformation. The phase formation and stabilization are controlled by the average RE3+ radius and the deviations of different RE3+ combinations. Subsequently, based on high-throughput density-functional-theory calculations, we propose that the configurational entropy of mixing is a reliable descriptor to predict the phase formation of β-type (nRExi)2Si2O7. The results may accelerate the design of (nRExi)2Si2O7 materials with tailored compositions and controlled polymorphic phases.