bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future
Authors: Strazdins Estelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChapter 2 explores the responses of Greeks in the Roman empire to the problem of being postclassical. More precisely, it teases out the implications of creating new cultural expression within the context of a long and rich literary tradition. It argues that imperial Greek authors use the past to negotiate their own potential canonicity in a hypothetical future. The chapter begins by outlining ideas of what constitutes ‘classic’ and ‘canonical’ literature, and how one might go about rivalling it. Ancient and modern literary criticism are drawn on to do so, with On the Sublime and Dio Chrysostom’s Oration 21 the focus of discussion in relation to imperial Greek oratory. Having established two common strategies employed by imperial Greek authors—competitive imitation and the use of novelty or originality—the chapter moves on to examine how these strategies are used by Arrian, Lucian, Aelius Aristeides, and Philostratos to promote their own cultural production as worthy of canonicity. Themes that are particularly important for this chapter are the relationship between the orator/author and his audience, the performative and agonistic context that underlies much Greek literature of the Roman empire, and the tension between text and speech.
The Politics of Posterity
Authors: Strazdins Estelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis brief concluding chapter draws together and summarizes the major themes of the book. It argues that the temporally expansive outlook adopted by elite Roman-era Greeks enables them to subordinate reception in the Roman present to that in the future. The chapter thus reiterates the book’s central contribution in establishing that imperial Greek embroilment in the Classical past does not limit its cultural output but rather allows its positioning as worthy of canonicity in its own right. The primary strategies used by imperial Greeks to fashion a place in future consciousness are resurveyed, including the forging of a movable temporal perspective that enables the rescaling of time, competitive imitation, and originality. This stake in the future, moreover, reveals elite imperial Greeks as a genuine threat to the smooth running of the empire that, through the example of Herodes Attikos’ trial for tyranny before Marcus Aurelius, clearly registered with imperial power. Finally, the integral synergy of topography, texts, and monuments in the imperial Greek revisioning of time is reviewed.
Documenting the Past in Medieval Puglia, 1130-1266
Authors: Oldfield Paul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This book explores the production of historical memory in the region of Puglia after it was subsumed within the new kingdom of Sicily in 1130. It assesses the significance of the apparent disappearance of more traditional forms of Pugliese historical writing after 1130 and explores the existence of other historical discourses which were embedded in surviving local documentation. The book incorporates an extensive examination of charters and correspondence, an evidence-type yet to be fully utilized for this purpose in the study of medieval Puglia during the Norman–Staufen era (1130–1266). One of the book’s key aims is to examine the role of both Pugliese individuals and communities, and ‘central agents’ (monarchy, papacy), in producing local historical memory, especially across phases of political upheaval and socio-cultural transformation. In doing so it demonstrates the preservation and creation of multiple, intertwined public and private historical narratives and remembrances embedded within documents, and that these were the product of repeated encounters between local communities and centralized superstructures. The former acted as mediators of knowledge to assert their own versions of the past, the latter aimed for information acquisition to enable more effective interventions and provided the framework to record and shape dialogue about the past. We can, therefore, identify the vibrant, ongoing production of local historical narratives and memories claimed by monastic, episcopal, professional, urban, and familial communities. As such, the book contributes to a broader understanding of the nuanced interrelationship between ‘Centre’ and ‘Periphery’ in medieval polities.
The Grammar of Interactives
Authors: Heine Bernd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe concern of the book is with identifying a domain of discourse processing referred to as ‘interactive grammar’. The book rests on the analysis of grammatical descriptions of well over one hundred languages spoken in all major regions of the world. Ten types of interactives, that is, extra-clausal expressions of linguistic discourse, are distinguished, namely attention signals, directives, discourse markers, evaluatives, ideophones, interjections, response elicitors, response signals, social formulae, and vocatives. The main message of the book is that speakers dispose of two contrasting modes for structuring their discourses. One mode, represented by sentence grammar, organized in a propositional format and having an analytic organization, focuses on conceptual communication about the world. The second mode, represented by interactive grammar, has a holophrastic organization and a focus on social communication. Both kinds of grammar have an argument structure, but whereas that of sentence grammar is shaped by the propositional format of sentences, that of interactive grammar is shaped by the indexical nature of the situation of discourse. The distinction between two grammars exhibits, on the one hand, correlations with observations made in neurolinguistic studies on differential activity in the two hemispheres of the human brain. On the other hand, there are also noteworthy parallels to a similar distinction made in social psychology between two types or systems of reasoning and judgment. The conclusion drawn in the book is that the two grammars have complementary functions and both are needed for successful communication.
Interactives
Authors: Heine Bernd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe chapter provides an introduction to the usage of interactive forms in grammar and discourse. To this end, a definition of ‘interactives’ is proposed in Section 1.2 in terms of syntactic and prosodic detachment, indexicality, etc. A catalog of additional properties is discussed in Section 1.3.2, such properties including phonologically unusual features, gestures, and conceptual displacement. Furthermore, the chapter identifies a set of properties relating to what has been called the ‘design features’ of human languages (Section 1.4), and in Section 1.5 an overview of English interactives is presented. The main thesis of the chapter is that there are two kinds of grammatical structures, called sentence grammar and interactive grammar.
Development
Authors: Heine Bernd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChapter 4 is devoted to explaining salient features of interactives with reference to the way they came into being, that is, to their history. Two diachronic mechanisms are distinguished to analyze this history. One of them is cooptation, whereby text pieces of sentence grammar are transferred to be deployed in discourse, thereby losing their status as words, phrases or clauses of sentence grammar and turning into syntactically independent units of texts. The second mechanism is grammaticalization, which is discussed in terms of four parameters, namely context extension, decategorialization, desemanticization, and erosion (phonetic reduction). Grammaticalization works in two directions. On the one hand, grammaticalization is responsible for changing one type of interactives into another type. In this way, for example, interjections may gradually develop into discourse markers. On the other hand, it has the effect that linguistic forms and constructions are gradually integrated in the structure of sentences.
Conclusions
Authors: Heine Bernd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis finalchapter summarizes the findings discussed in the book. According to the summary presented, there are in particular nine observations that justify separating interactive grammar from sentence grammar. The conclusion drawn is that both grammars distinguished are needed for successful communication. At the same time, the chapter points out that there remain a number of problems that could not be treated and identifies issues that are in need of further research. One issue concerns the question of what determines the choice of speakers when drawing either on sentence grammar or on interactive grammar—a question that requires detailed analysis by means of text corpora. Another issue relates to the relationship between interactives and usage of gestures. This issue has been addressed in a number of studies but so far no detailed information has become available.
Narratives of Continuity
Authors: Ray Reeju 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this chapter processes of place-making appear in narratives of continuity with a pre-colonial past. Place-making is understood as heterogeneous articulations, including material and imaginative processes, that shape identity, livelihood, and belonging in the hills. I argue that the published writing by Khasi men in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century demonstrates colonialism’s ‘irreversible process of transmutation’ that impact notions of place in the hills. The chapter further demonstrates the linkages between the development of literacy through English education and the constitution of a gendered ethnic identity within a legal-customary space. The creeping and insidious domination of written culture in the region was the product of legal power and of the inalterable nature of the written agreements made between the Syiems and the East India Company from the early nineteenth century. This chapter begins with a discussion of the writings of missionary-educated Khasi elite men who became part of an ‘interpretive community’ within the public sphere in the hills. English-educated Khasi men drew upon multiple spatial frameworks to represent the hills and its people including those of colonial law. Even within the public domain created by published books, newspapers, and journal articles, the assertion of Khasi religion and identity played a significant role in challenging a strictly colonial spatial imagination of place and its people. The public sphere was even inaccessible to educated women in the hills, and this crystallized the practices of the exclusion and non-participation of women in political negotiations.
Place-Making
Authors: Ray Reeju 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The dominant forms of knowledge that emerged in the nineteenth century through literacy and writing eluded the experiential reality of frontier societies. This chapter turns towards the embodied and situated experiences of frontier hill inhabitants by exploring their relationship to landscape, environment, and the changing spatiality of new jurisdictional boundaries, lines of communication, enhanced economic mobility, and politico-social architecture. The chapter demonstrates the importance of partial and complex conceptions of the past that defy notions of homogeneity of identity, and authenticity of narratives of self, community, and belonging in the hills. By examining oral histories and oral traditions this chapter centres the non-hegemonic notions of space and place found in the Khasi and Jaintia hills. This chapter begins with a discussion of landscape and memory as intersubjective elements of place-making through megalithic record-keeping, sacred ecologies, folktales, and legends. The chapter then turns to matrilineal organization and customary kinship-based geography and multiple possibilities of non-hegemonic articulations of space therein. The chapter also demonstrates the relationship between law, alternative geographies, and places.
Creating an Institutional ‘Family’
Authors: Soares Claudia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Taking a broad notion of relatedness, the chapter examines how the WSS imagined the institution might offer an alternative and substitute family to the children in its care, which is an area that has been left largely unexplored. It turns to a range of institutional literature to unpick how the Society imagined the institutional family’s purpose, role, and meaning. It unpicks how major voluntary welfare organizations like the WSS modelled their practices on the family, rather than those simply associated with kinship and friendship, in seeking to offer an alternative and substitute family for children in care. These children were taught to place significant value on these affective ties, rather than blood relationships, as a means of offering ultimate security. It also highlights expectations of the emotional labour that institutional staff and carers were to perform in order to create an affective culture of care within its residential homes. In doing so, the chapter makes an important contribution to histories of the family, in which scholarship has predominantly focussed on the affective nuclear family and household. It also has significant implications for the history of emotions, in expanding understandings of emotional labour, intimacy, affect, and the social and emotional dynamics of interpersonal relationships. By studying the ideas and practices of ‘family’ in its broadest sense that were embedded in institutional policy and practice, the chapter offers a new narrative of the institutional family as both an imagined but tangible entity in children’s lives.
Transitions from Care
Authors: Soares Claudia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Since the Leaving Care Act 2000, discharge from residential care has been at the forefront of child welfare debates. Subsequent strategies have called for the state and wider society to play a more active role in supporting care leavers’ transitions from care to independence, to help improve their life chances. Issues about these transitions from care, however, have been debated by care providers and in Parliament as far back as 1860. While young people’s discharge from care has tended to be a termination point of research, this chapter revisits the point of discharge to examine how the institution prepared children for leaving care, and the diverse pathways they took when leaving the institution. While no agreed minimum standard of support provision for care leavers may have existed pre-2000, evidence shows that the Society implemented several methods to monitor youths’ progress in the wider world, and to provide additional support when it was needed. Using personal correspondence and narrations of individual experiences this chapter suggests that the nature and quality of aftercare provision has been a recurrent and perennial issue in child welfare debates. Additionally, exploration of the types of support provided also highlights that the significance of ‘aftercare’ extended beyond merely that material provision of support, to take on abstract and intimate meanings. In doing so, the chapter dismantles the notion that institutions cared little for children’s longer-term wellbeing and welfare, and instead that their provision of support extended beyond the institutional space, and often well into adulthood for some.
Tending the Heart of Virtue
Authors: Guroian Vigen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This second edition of Tending the Heart of Virtue offers parents and teachers a valuable road map to some of our finest children’s stories. The book illuminates the complex ways in which fairy tales and fantasies instill the moral imagination in the young. Examining a wide range of stories—from Pinocchio and “The Little Mermaid” to “Cinderella,” “The Ugly Duckling,” Charlotte’s Web, The Wind in the Willows, and the Chronicles of Narnia—it argues that these tales capture the meaning of morality through vivid depictions of the struggle between good and evil, in which characters must make difficult choices between right and wrong, or heroes and villains contest the very fate of imaginary worlds. Character and the virtues are depicted compellingly in these stories; the virtues glimmer as if in a looking glass, and wickedness and deception are unmasked of their pretensions to goodness and truth. We are made to face the unvarnished truth about ourselves and what kind of people we want to be. The book highlights the classical virtues such as courage, goodness, justice, and mercy, and it discusses the influences of the Christian faith in these stories. At the same time, it persuasively evokes the enduring charm of these familiar works; many readers will be inspired to reread their favorites and explore those they may have missed.
Mementos of al-Andalus in Colonial Morocco
Authors: Jordan Daniel David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAfter a summary of the Sección Femenina’s activities abroad, Chapter 3 turns its focus to the organization’s tours and educational programs within European-controlled Morocco. Between 1951 and 1953, the Sección Femenina’s troupes of Coros y Danzas (Choruses and Dances) performed for Muslim civilians and politicians throughout the Spanish Protectorate, French Protectorate, and the Tangier International Zone. Meanwhile, the Sección Femenina organized choirs of Muslims and Catholics in Tétouan, Tangier, Ceuta, and Melilla that juxtaposed Arabic folk songs with villancicos (religious carols). Throughout their work in Morocco, instructoras remodeled their repertoire and traditional costumes to emphasize Southern Spain’s allegedly lingering cultural ties to North Africa and the Middle East. This change in the Sección Femenina’s representation of Spanish music was accompanied by a change in the organization’s representation of Spanish history. Within Spain, the Sección Femenina associated itself with Queen Isabella “the Catholic” and the “heroes” of the Reconquista who purged the peninsula of the “impurities” of Moorish civilization; however, in the Spanish Protectorate, the ancient Moors were celebrated as a cultural bridge between Spain and Morocco, and Spaniards were portrayed as the cultural heirs of medieval al-Andalus. During a time of political unrest and movements for Moroccan independence, these activities were intended to promote narratives of a Moroccan-Spanish brotherhood based on myths of medieval Muslim Iberia.
Semantic memory
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Form strong episodic memories of the facts you wish to learn. Because semantic memory is based on the information acquired through episodic memory, it is critical to begin with a strong episodic memory. Get a good night’s sleep. Whether you are trying to remember to remember vocabulary words, history dates, mathematical formulas, or a new programming language, you’ll remember information better if you put down your book and allow your brain to consolidate your memories during sleep. Study facts in different contexts. Part of what makes semantic memory powerful is that it is knowledge you can pull out and use in a variety of different situations. In order to make your knowledge flexible, study facts in different ways. Cue yourself with a word to recall its definition, and also cue yourself with the definition to recall the word.
Retrieve that memory
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers some key steps you can take when trying to remember information, such as someone’s name or the correct answer on an exam. Try to relax. This can be easier said than done, but relaxing can often be the most helpful antidote to retrieval failures because stress is so disruptive to retrieval. Minimize interference and blocking. Create general retrieval cues. Try to return to the internal and external context of your learning, when possible. Try to acquire content in the same way that you will need to retrieve it. There is nothing wrong with reviewing the names of the people you are likely to see at a social event later that day. For exams, don’t just study material the way it is presented in the textbook; think about how the teacher is most likely to test you and study the material that way.
Are you sure that’s not a false memory?
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews ways to identify false memories. Why is the information familiar? Just because information comes to mind easily, that doesn’t always mean it is accurate. You now know you’re more likely to trust information that you’ve heard multiple times, that you can be susceptible to the influences of misinformation, and that you can generate erroneous information when it’s consistent with the gist of an event. So, before you act on the information coming to mind, take a moment to evaluate why that content is springing to your consciousness. You may realize it’s likely a false memory. Could it have happened that way? Take a moment to think about the details you recall about the memory. Are they consistent with one another? Or is one detail mutually exclusive of another? If an event would have been distinctive, then you should be more likely to take the lack of a strong memory as evidence that it didn’t occur.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is categorized as an anxiety disorder but, over the past decade, scientists have questioned whether it would be more apt to characterize it as a memory disorder. Memory is altered in PTSD. Individuals with PTSD often re-experience memories of their trauma. The memories feel intrusive, and they persist long after the event. Individuals with PTSD often report global difficulties with concentration or with committing new information to memory. PTSD is associated with a disruption in sleep, which may further exacerbate the memory challenges. Although memory disturbances have long been recognized as a prominent PTSD feature, ongoing research is examining whether the way that memory structures are built and reassembled over time may play a more direct and causal role in PTSD.
Nutrition
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Eat for brain health. Keep your memory strong by providing your body with good nutrition. Maintain a healthy weight in the normal range for your height, which means a body mass index of 18.5 to 24.9. Eat a Mediterranean menu of foods: fish, olive oil, avocados, vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, beans, whole grains, and poultry. Foods to be eaten rarely include red meats, butter, margarine, fried foods, fast foods, highly processed foods, pastries, sweets, white bread, white flour, white rice, most pasta, regular sodas, diet sodas, and juices. Don’t worry about trying to be perfect. There is ample evidence that just making some healthy choices regarding what you eat will benefit your memory and thinking and reduce your risk of Alzheimer’s disease.