bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hegel, Cinema, and the Other Arts
Authors: Badiou Alain 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cinema, the seventh art, emerges sixty years after Hegel’s death. In his magnum opus on aesthetics, Hegel states that theatre, more precisely modern comedy, was the last of the arts, in the following formula: “[Modern] comedy ultimately leads to the dissolution of art.” It would seem senseless to infer, from within the Hegelian system, the emergence of a new, previously unknown art form, after modern comedy. The question is why Hegel excludes a subsequent dialectical turn, that is to say, the dissolution of this dissolution. We would then have a new figure in which art would be the total deployment of its already existing resources. There would be a figure of representation whose content would progressively accumulate the destiny of an art henceforth atemporal and in a way absolute. This art would then be the last, not because the absolute manifests itself only negatively, but, on the contrary, because the absolute would manifest itself in it as the total mobilisation of the registers of representation. This art would simultaneously be architecture, sculpture, painting, and dramatic poetry, and it would bring history of art to a halt not through the negative pirouettes of comedy but by the seriousness and anxiety combined in its redemptive totalisation. Could this total art be cinema?
Up the Junction, Intermediality, and Social Change
Authors: Street Sarah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines intermedial connections between two visual iterations of Nell Dunn’s Up the Junction, a collection of observational stories published in 1963: Wednesday Play, a TV series directed by Ken Loach in 1965, and a feature film directed by Peter Collinson in 1968. These were based on the author’s cross-class experiences of living and working in Battersea in the late 1950s, taking the form of reported conversations and descriptive prose. Most critical commentary relates to Loach’s adaptation of Dunn’s stories. The privileging of the televisual expression of Dunn’s work, however, tends to obscure the extensive intermedial network of relations surrounding Up the Junction as a multifaceted critical experiment. The chapter demonstrates how the texts engage with complex fields, intersecting themes, and “traces” that illustrate how a basic idea is circulated within different media forms and styles. The analytical foci include Susan Benson’s line drawings in Dunn’s book and their “figural” relationship with her prose, the visualisation of sociological discourses through documentary techniques, the use of popular music, and the impact of monochrome and colour aesthetics. An incident (“The Gold Blouse”) that features in the stories and two visual texts are compared to map the effects of different emphases within intermedial exchange.
Cinema from the Perspective of the Stage
Authors: de Araújo Luciana Corrêa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates intermedial encounters between silent cinema and theatre in Brazil, focusing on plays staged in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo from the late 1910s to the 1920s. Often considered a “threat” to theatre, foreign films and film culture also provided a variety of themes and strategies that were incorporated on stage. Theatre would thus take advantage of cinema’s growing popularity, establishing creative exchanges while also promoting attractions that would appeal to the general theatrical audience. Drawing on Charles Musser’s proposal for an integrated history of theatrical entertainment, which embraces both live stage performance and the cinema, this study of film references in stage plays brings to the fore the influence of cinema on theatrical themes, characters, and plots and also points to early and innovative contributions of foreign films, especially Hollywood productions, to staging and performance styles.
Stephen Dwoskin, an Intermedial Artist
Authors: Garfield Rachel , Chamarette Jenny , O’Donoghue Darragh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The work of Stephen Dwoskin (born 1939 in Brooklyn, died 2012 in London) is varied in form, subject matter, and genre. He is best known for his early underground films, his seminal book Film Is . . ., and his role in setting up the London Film-Makers’ Co-op. Dwoskin was a working-class man, part of the Eastern European Jewish diaspora, and a survivor of childhood polio who used calipers, crutches and a wheelchair to support his mobility. He navigated experiences of multiple exclusion across his lifetime, and nevertheless had a prolific output of films, graphic design, painting and writing. This chapter explores his artwork through the films Chinese Checkers (1965), Trixi (1969), Dyn Amo (1972), Central Bazaar (1976), Trying to Kiss the Moon (1994), and Grandpère’s Pear (2003), which span his life and demonstrate the breadth of his oeuvre. These provide an examination of Dwoskin as an intermedial artist who came to artistic maturity in the multimedia New York Underground of the early 1960s, and whose practice was informed by, and often incorporated, other art forms, such as dance, painting, performance, avant-garde theatre, literature, and music. Through close readings of film works as well as historical contextual analysis, this medial multiplicity will be shown to be an artistic embodiment of the layered complexities of any person’s life: the relationship between the individual, the family, and ethnic and national tradition; the interplay between the artist and histories of art; the conflation of varied temporal, spatial, and even metaphysical coordinates; and the paradox of the organic individual using impersonal reproductive technology to record and provide access to a life.
The Intermedial Reworking of History in Peter Greenaway’s The Tulse Luper Suitcases Trilogy
Authors: Chinita Fátima 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Peter Greenaway’s The Tulse Luper Suitcases trilogy as a Historical saga encompassing the years of World War II, but recounted in the highly abstract and formally postcinematic aesthetic advocated by the director. In this work, Greenaway establishes a correlation between cinema and other art forms, as if he were a metaphorical media archaeologist retracing the recurrence of technical, artistic, and narrative properties of media. Thus, old media are represented and refashioned in a way that addresses three of Francesco Casetti’s contentions in his book The Lumière Galaxy. The first film of the trilogy highlights the technical properties of old media; the second concentrates on art forms perceived as certain types of sensory configurations; the third relies more heavily on digital technology and the flux of multiple narratives in an audiovisually performative way. Greenaway’s observation that “Every medium needs to constantly re-invent itself” resonates with the fallacy of History, which is never stable, never objective, never ending. If “there is no history, only historians,” and “all historians are liars,” as Greenaway contends, then perhaps from a media archaeologic perspective, Marshall McLuhan’s dictum that “the medium is the message” is still true today, highlighting the trilogy’s metamediality.
Elimination Reactions. II. Conformation and Stereochemistry
Authors: Bachrach Steven M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Conformational analysis, a powerful tool for understanding chemical behavior, is used to explain the chair structure of cyclohexane, which is confirmed using x-ray crystal structures. Through a clever experiment design of a substituted cyclohexane, the anti-periplanar pathway of the E2 reaction is confirmed.
Introduction
Authors: Mitchell Scott A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The introduction lays out the central arguments, theory, and methods of The Making of American Buddhism. The book seeks to interrogate a series of binaries or false choices in the study of American Buddhism—such as traditional/modern, authentic/inauthentic, sectarian/universal—that impede a deeper understanding of the tradition’s history. Arguing against these frames, the book works toward a theory of messiness wherein historical subjects are allowed to occupy simultaneous and even conflicting identities and perspectives. This distinctive simultaneity is clearly evident in the subjects of this book, Nisei Buddhists who argued for their rightful place as American Buddhists and, in doing so, created religious infrastructure that made possible the later popularization of Buddhism in the United States.
All This and Discrimination
Authors: Mitchell Scott A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Whereas the World War II incarceration of Japanese Americans looms large in the study of American Buddhism, this chapter discusses racial trauma both before and after the camp experience, what is referred to in the Berkeley Bussei as the “Nisei problem.” This “problem,” the chapter argues, is the effects of racial discrimination against Japanese Americans. Rather than arguing for assimilation via conversion to Christianity, however, the Nisei Buddhists under study argued vigorously for their right to be both American and Buddhist; moreover, they argued that Buddhism was what they had to contribute to American society, a cure for the failings of modernity. Finally, as more than merely a rhetorical argument, and anticipating the following chapter, this chapter ends with a discussion of religious labor. Specifically, it looks at the gender dynamics of running a Buddhist community and the work of Jane Imamura, Kimi Hisatsune, and others who made possible American Buddhism.
Problems within the Vory Criminal Organization
Authors: Mironova Vera 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Though selfless and effective leadership of vory criminal organization was once the norm among the organization, that is not the reality of the organization today. Although the vory movement has been a strong force in the Soviet Union for nearly a century, it has been undergoing major changes since the Union’s fall in the 1990s. In particular, they lost their main enemy—the Soviet government—and have no one to fear anymore, which led to the group getting caught in internal problems. In particular, quality of leadership significantly decreased. These changes have made the organization much weaker. And some members of the criminal organization, even those who used to actively support the vory ideology, are disappointed in what it has become.
Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965)
Authors: Frayne Carl Tobias 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Schweitzer was a visionary. In addition to his groundbreaking theological work and musical prowess, he pioneered the animal rights and modern environmental movements by developing a biocentric ethics. His philosophy of civilization is primarily concerned with the moral and spiritual betterment of the individual and of society. The notion of “reverence for life” (Ehrfurcht vor dem Leben), which he once described as “a necessary widening and refining of ordinary ethics,” is at the heart of this endeavor. This chapter argues that Schweitzer puts forth an ethics of excellence that anticipates the revival of what is now commonly known as virtue ethics. It also examines the concept of ethical mysticism, as well as the role of wonder, aesthetic contemplation, and the sublime in the moral life. It aims to show that reverence for life provides edifying insights on the genuine ethical life and our relationship to the more-than-human world.
Paul Tillich (1886–1965)
Authors: Smith Abbey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The majority of Tillich’s three volumes of his Systematic Theology are almost exclusively humanocentric and provide precious little with which to address the matter of how humans should treat the other animals with whom we share the planet. This chapter argues that by applying Tillich’s “method of correlation” as he intended, it is indeed possible to redress the humanocentric bias that colors his system. Further, it will conclude that taking adequate theological account of nonhuman animals, far from damaging his system, actually strengthens it, allowing it to illuminate a theology that is less inconsistent and more theocentric.
Exit as a Process
Authors: Pinfold Rob Geist 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 analyses Israel’s withdrawal from Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. Unlike other cases examined here, Israel did not leave the territory in one comprehensive exit. Instead, this chapter emphasizes three agreements that each caused Israel to leave the Sinai in an increasingly salient process of withdrawal: the 1974 Separation of Forces Agreement, the 1975 Sinai Interim Agreement, and the 1979 Camp David Accords. Existing literature frequently stresses the Camp David talks that produced the Israeli-Egyptian peace agreement and stresses the agency of leaders, such as Israel’s Menachem Begin. Breaking with this narrative, this chapter argues that Israel left the Sinai in spite of, not because of, Begin. It portrays the Israeli withdrawal from Sinai as the culmination of an incremental process that began in 1974, with the Separation of Forces Agreement. This agreement was the first time that Israel implemented territorial withdrawal, in exchange for non-belligerency concessions from a rival.
Leaving “Israel’s Vietnam”
Authors: Pinfold Rob Geist 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 surveys Israel’s occupation and exit from southern Lebanon, between 1985 and 2000. The eventual Israeli withdrawal is generally perceived as “unilateral” and having been conducted without a negotiated agreement. Supporting this narrative, existing literature highlights the agency of internal domestic politics in precipitating Israel’s withdrawal. Thus, many studies frame Israel’s exit as either a triumph for civil society, or an irrational retreat engineered by casualty-averse domestic actors, depending on their ideological bias. Yet, this chapter illustrates that the withdrawal was not strictly “unilateral.” Secondly, the occupation of southern Lebanon was not a strategically effective policy, as many detractors of the withdrawal argue. Instead, the so-called security zone failed to either deter or constrain Israel’s adversaries. Though the domestic arena played an instrumental role, withdrawal was not an “irrational” retreat. Instead, Israel’s public refused to support an increasingly ineffective occupation.
Conclusions
Authors: Pinfold Rob Geist 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This book ends by reiterating its key findings and unpacking the six points that were manifested in every exit but were absent in the cases where an occupation did not end. It further details the arenas of bargaining framework’s utility for understanding decision-making. It then illustrates the implications of this book’s generalizations and case-specific findings for the study of Israel, as well as occupation and exit as broad phenomena. For policymakers dealing with the twin problems of occupation and exit, the concluding chapter specifies lessons from Israel that can be applied elsewhere. It also delineates milieu-specific policy ramifications for Israel.
The Counterfactual Comparative Account
Authors: Feit Neil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter contains a detailed discussion of the counterfactual comparative account of harm, according to which an event harms a person provided that she would have been better off, on balance, if it had not occurred. It provides a general version of the account for overall, all-things-considered, harm, and it provides a version that accounts for harm at a time. It discusses how advocates of the counterfactual comparative account should think about pro tanto harm. It then considers objections to the general account and offers responses to some of them. (Subsequent chapters in the book focus on the more serious objections and issues that relate to them.) Finally, it considers several accounts of harm that compete with the counterfactual comparative account and discusses the most substantial challenges for the competing views.
Harm and the Failure to Benefit
Authors: Feit Neil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses a challenge to the counterfactual comparative account of harm. The account allegedly overgenerates harms, since it counts as harmful certain events that intuitively are merely failures to benefit. For example, it seems to imply that when one person fails to benefit another, the first thereby harms the second, since the second would have been better off if the first had benefited her. The chapter discusses the challenge, surveys some solutions that are instructive but inadequate, and defends a solution. It argues that there are cases where one person harms another by failing to benefit her, and these are cases of preventive harm. It considers the impact of the solution on the widely held belief that harming is worse than failing to benefit, and defends a position on the strength of moral reasons against harming on which reasons against harming per se are weaker than is widely believed.
Introduction
Authors: Stein Nathanael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Despite all that has been written about Aristotelian causality, it is not clear (a) how he answers the main philosophical questions about causes to which he thinks his predecessors’ answers are flawed, and (b) how his answers bear on the main questions we confront in thinking about causality in general, such that they could be usefully critiqued, defended, developed, and compared with others. These include both first- and second-order questions about how to approach philosophical questions about causality. There are textual, philosophical, and historical reasons for this obscurity which must be confronted if we are to answer these basic questions. A chapter-by-chapter outline is presented, along with a preview of major themes and conclusions.
Background 2
Authors: Stein Nathanael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aristotle is working within and reacting to a series of basic conceptual commitments regarding explanation and scientific understanding. He shares with Plato a basic distinction between what holds of something “in its own right” and what does not hold of it in this way. He thinks that mathematics is a paradigm of “science” (epistêmê, a body of knowledge organized under first principles), in a way that poses a challenge to the status and autonomy of natural science. The Posterior Analytics presents a slightly different four-causal schema which is logically and metaphysically simpler than the one in the Physics, in that it uses more basic conceptual resources and is uncommitted to hylomorphic analyses of change and substance.
Discreteness in Agent–Patient Relations
Authors: Stein Nathanael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Because of Aristotle’s metaphysical pluralism, the precise relationship between any type of cause and its effect will vary depending on the causal profile in question, as will the precise ways in which they can satisfy these properties of discreteness, non-accidentality, and contingency. Basic causal interactions represent an especially important challenge, since for them the issues that give rise to the realist challenge (and the Humean critique) are sharpest. The elements of basic interactions are analyzed in light of Physics II 3 and III 3. Several distinctions are drawn between ways in which two things may be or fail to be “discrete.” Aristotelian efficient causes are discrete from their effects in some of these senses but not in others. Potential efficient causes are also discrete from their effects in important respects in which actual efficient causes are not. The view is compared to modern “neo-mechanist” views in the philosophy of science.
Conclusion
Authors: Stein Nathanael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aristotle’s pluralism about causality has been shown to have conceptual, metaphysical, and epistemological aspects. He nevertheless has a theory that plausibly satisfies the desiderata he applies in his critiques of his predecessors. It is distinctive both for what it says about causality and causal explanation as well as for what it says about how we should approach these topics. His view rejects two common modern assumptions, each of which has both metaphysical and epistemological importance: on his view, causality is not to be analyzed as supervenient upon a basic set of non-causal facts, and scientific progress is not to be characterized in terms of a shift in which an ordinary or “folk” ontology is replaced by a theoretical or scientific one.
Greek Awakenings
Authors: Miller Richard J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Scientific research that used animals as models for humans began in ancient Greece. Aristotle was the first researcher to use animals systematically for research purposes. Aristotle attributed feelings to animals but not reason, placing them below humans in importance. Aristotle’s approach became the dominant way of thinking about the use of animals in research. In the third century CE, Galen extended Aristotle’s experimental approach, writing numerous books about his studies. Galen described his extensive research program that included performing studies on many kinds of live animals including primates. Many of Galen’s experiments were extremely cruel. Interestingly, Galen never conducted studies on humans either alive or dead as this was considered unethical for much of antiquity. Galen’s thinking influenced many types of medicine: he used animal experimentation to devise models of the human cardiovascular system and many other important physiological systems. Galen became the most important influence in research for the next 1,300 years.
The Modern Prometheus
Authors: Miller Richard J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
If it would be scientifically more appropriate to use humans to investigate human disease, is there any way this could be done in an ethical manner? In the nineteenth century Ernst Haeckel coined the term “stem cell” to describe a type of cell from which all others are derived during embryonic development. This chapter discusses the history of stem cells and how they can be used to clone animals and animal tissues, including human tissues. There has been exceptionally rapid progress in producing cloned versions of human tissues that do not require producing intact humans. These preparations are known as organoids. Organoids can be made that represent any human tissue, and can be used as experimental models, the results of which are human specific. Together with other current techniques, including sequencing, imaging, and artificial intelligence, biomedical research is now moving toward a completely human-based set of paradigms, making animal models obsolete.
The Entrepreneurial State
Authors: Gross Stephen G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains the Federal Republic’s second energy transition, to nuclear power, as a technocratic, state-orchestrated effort to create a new energy from scratch. It traces the rise of an “entrepreneurial state” in West Germany that created a new market for reactors where none had existed before, assuming much of the risk when the private sector feared to do so. State officials aligned with nuclear scientists to drive this transition. They did so less to supply the nation with energy than in the hopes that nuclear technology would help West German industry carve out a lead in a promising new sphere of high-tech exports. At the same time, the rush to nuclear power opened the door to potentially disastrous policies. It was based on energy-intensive growth that might not last forever. It concentrated decision-making power in a small clique of officials and corporate leaders. And it exposed citizens to unpredictable risks associated with atomic radiation.