bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights from a comparative GIS-MCDA groundwater vulnerability assessment in a granitic and metasedimentary fractured rock media
Authors: Teixeira José , Chaminé Helder I. , Martins Carvalho José , Pérez-Alberti Augusto , Rocha Fernando 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work proposes a comprehensive methodology for evaluating fissured hard-rock groundwater resources through an integrative approach based on fieldwork techniques, Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping, geospatial analysis and multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The study sites comprise distinct geological settings and geographic contexts, i.e. granitic rocks (NW Portugal) and metasedimentary rocks (SW Spain). A similar methodological approach was used in both areas to compare and assess the methodological approaches’ effectiveness. The cartographic, field, and laboratory data were analysed through GIS overlay and multi-criteria spatial analysis. This GIS-integrated analysis allowed the calculation of the Infiltration Potential Index (IPI) and groundwater vulnerability indexes: GOD-S, DRASTIC-Fm, SI and DISCO, as well as the development and improvement of the hydrogeological conceptual models. At the Entre-os-Rios site (NW Portugal), the IPI index showed that the most favourable areas for infiltration are the fractured granitic regions, where the slope has the lowest values, combined with forest areas. The recharge values are around 70 to 90 mm/year. Considering hydraulic connection with the borehole data, the DISCO index identified the geostructures with the most important trending to NNE-SSW, NE-SW and WNW-ESE in the area. The highest IPI values were identified in the regional aquifer quartzite unit at Herrera del Duque (SW Spain). The recharge values are around 60 to 80 mm/year. The DISCO index identified zones where discontinuities have a higher hydraulic connection to the borehole, mainly trending NW-SE and NE-SW. The models developed could be helpful for decision-making and sustainable water resources management regarding the planning of hydrogeological investigations, delineating potential contamination areas, and the definition of catchment protection areas.
Development of a tissue-engineered skin model with epidermal, dermal and hypodermal components
Authors: Workman V. L. , Giblin A-V. , Green N. H. , MacNeil S. , Hearnden V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTissue-engineered models of skin have evolved over the past 50 years, have successfully been translated to clinical use and continue to be improved using new technologies. However, very few of these constructs incorporate a hypodermal component. The hypodermis is critical to skin homeostasis, skin function and many skin diseases, but our understanding of the hypodermis is limited in comparison to our knowledge of the epidermis and dermis, in part due to a lack of suitable in vitro models.The purpose of this study was to develop and characterise a tissue-engineered model of skin consisting of epidermal, dermal and hypodermal layers, namely a trilayer skin model. Models were produced by culturing human keratinocytes and fibroblasts on decellularised human dermis in combination with explanted human adipose tissue.Bilayer models of skin, comprising of an epidermis and dermis, had a thicker epidermal component compared to trilayer models but exhibited similar cytokeratin expression patterns (AE1/AE3 and cytokeratin 14). Addition of adipose tissue improved the appearance of the dermal-epidermal junction, increased the number of rete ridge-like features and cells maintained similar levels of proliferation (Ki-67) compared to native tissues over 28 days in culture.This technique enabled us to create a physiologically relevant model of human skin with representative morphology across the hypodermis, dermis and epidermis. This model maintained native extracellular matrix architecture, contained a heterogeneous population of cells and has the potential to be applied to a range of different applications where research questions require the inclusion of a hypodermis.
Street Object Detection from Synthesized and Processed Semantic Image: A Deep Learning Based Study
Authors: Goswami Parthaw , Hossain A. B. M. Aowlad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSemantic image synthesis plays an important role in the development of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). Street objects detection might be erroneous during raining or when images from vehicle’s camera are blurred, which can cause serious accidents. Therefore, automatic and accurate street object detection is a demanding research scope. In this paper, a deep learning based framework is proposed and investigated for street object detection from synthesized and processed semantic image. Firstly, a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) has been used to create the realistic image. The brightness of the CGAN generated image has been increased using neural style transfer method. Furthermore, Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks (ESRGAN) based image enhancement concept has been used to improve the resolution of style-transferred images. These processed images exhibit better clarity and high fidelity which is impactful in the performance improvement of object detector. Finally, the synthesized and processed images were used as input in a Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) and a MobileNet Single Shot Detector (MobileNetSSDv2) model separately for object detection. The widely used Cityscape dataset is used to investigate the performance of the proposed framework. The results analysis shows that the used synthesized and processed input improves the performance of the detectors than the unprocessed counterpart. A comparison of the proposed detection framework with related state of the art techniques is also found satisfactory with a mean average precision (mAP) around 32.6%, whereas most of the cases, mAPs are reported in the range of 20–28% for this particular dataset.
Exploring marginalized indigenous communities’ expectations and experiences with the national school education system in Nepal: a study of Kham Magars
Authors: Khanal Jeevan , Khatri Chhetri Gopi Ram , Ghimire Som Nath 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLimited information is available on the expectations and experiences of the Kham Magars, an indigenous community in Nepal, regarding the value of school education. This study delves into the expectations and experiences of school education among the indigenous Kham Magar community in Nepal, using the Expectation Value Theory as a framework. Through qualitative analysis of narratives from community members, multifaceted expectations emerge, including access to education, employment opportunities, active participation, teacher respect, and equal representation. The study further highlights that the Kham Magar community initially places a high value on education, driven by their efforts in establishing schools and their deep respect for teachers. However, over time, challenges arise due to diminished realization of expected benefits, language barriers, and a focus on traditional agricultural practices, all of which impact the sustainability of formal education. Despite valuing education, the community’s aspirations may not always align perfectly with formal schooling, underscoring the importance of incorporating cultural integration into the curriculum. Ultimately, the findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of indigenous expectations towards education, thus emphasizing the necessity for implementing inclusive and sustainable development policies.
Business politicians and fiscal consolidation
Authors: Nones Nicola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat explains the variation in countries’ propensity to engage in austerity policy? Economic and political country-level factors are the paramount explanations in the literature. Nevertheless, variation in fiscal preferences at the executive level remains underexplored, except for ideology. Moreover, budget decisions are endogenous to the state of the economy, thus casting doubt on standard measures based on the debt and/or deficit ratio. This article contributes to the literature in two ways. First, I turn to the individual level of analysis and suggest that leaders with business experience are more likely to pursue a balanced budget and tend to implement fiscal consolidation policies based on spending cuts. Second, I ease concerns about individuals’ self-selection into office by relying on fiscal adjustments that are weakly orthogonal to the economic cycle. The statistical analysis of a panel of 17 OECD countries between 1978 and 2014 confirms the theoretical expectations. The results are robust to a variety of specification and statistical methodologies and hold for a subset of as-if random leadership transitions following close elections. A case study of Brian Mulroney's governments in Canada (1984–93) further illustrates the argument.
Examining the effect of ice dynamic changes on subglacial hydrology through modelling of a synthetic Antarctic glacier
Authors: Hayden Anna-Mireilla , Dow Christine F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrologic pathways beneath ice sheets and glaciers play an important role in regulating ice flow. Antarctica has experienced, and will continue to experience, changes in ice dynamics and geometry, but the associated changes in subglacial hydrology have received less attention. Here, we use the GlaDS subglacial hydrology model to examine drainage evolution beneath an idealised Antarctic glacier in response to steepening ice surface slopes, accelerating ice velocities and subglacial lake drainages. Ice surface slope changes exerted a dominant influence, redirecting basal water to different outlet locations and substantially increasing channelised discharge crossing the grounding line. Faster ice velocities had comparatively negligible effects. Subglacial lake drainage results indicated that lake refilling times play a key role in drainage system evolution, with lake flux more readily accommodated following shorter refilling times. Our findings are significant for vulnerable Antarctic regions currently experiencing dynamic thinning since subglacial water re-routing could destabilise ice shelves through enhanced sub-shelf melting, potentially hastening irreversible retreat. These changes could also affect subglacial lake activity. We, therefore, emphasise that including a nuanced and complex representation of subglacial hydrology in ice-sheet models could provide critical information on the timing and magnitude of sea-level change contributions from Antarctica.
A Smothering Embrace? Hermeneutical Issues in Catholic Discourse about Jews and Judaism
Authors: Polyakov Emma O’Donnell 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines how Jews and Judaism are envisioned in the Catholic imagination, through a critical reading of contemporary Catholic discourse on Judaism. It identifies three problematic areas. The first concerns the tendency of Catholic discourse to project a specifically Christian vision of salvation history onto the Jewish people, which reflects Christian rather than Jewish self-understanding. Second, this article analyzes patterns in language and imagery in Vatican documents about Judaism, alert to troubling allusions implicit in the texts. The third area concerns a hermeneutical obstacle to deep interreligious understanding, one which may be ultimately insurmountable: namely, the challenges of understanding the religious other according to its own self-understanding. This article reaches an ambivalent conclusion, conceding that the goal of recognizing the self-understanding of another religious tradition may ultimately be impossible.
Parental homeownership and education: the implications for offspring wealth inequality in Great Britain
Authors: Gregg Paul , Kanabar Ricky 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe rapid widening of wealth inequalities has led to sharp differences in living standards in Great Britain. Understanding whether and separately the rate at which individuals accumulate particular types of wealth by family background is important for improving wealth and social mobility. We show offspring wealth inequality is driven by housing wealth, and holding such wealth is becoming increasingly associated with early life circumstances relating to parental housing tenure and education, even after controlling for adult offspring’s own characteristics. Importantly, we find adult offspring whose parents hold a degree and are homeowners are no less likely to report homeownership and housing wealth compared to older cohorts from the same background. Our findings infer the intergenerational rank correlation in housing wealth is set to double in approximately three decades.
The role of diet in the management of psoriasis: a scoping review
Authors: Hawkins Poppy , Earl Kate , Tektonidis Thanasis G. , Fallaize Rosalind 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, systemic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disease associated with significant comorbidities. Globally, there are an estimated 60 million people living with psoriasis (PLwP). There is a growing body of evidence on the role of diet in psoriasis management, and demand for dietary advice is high. However, there are no specific, evidence-based dietary guidelines. This scoping review summarises the literature on use and effectiveness of diet in the management of psoriasis to improve understanding of the evidence and assist PLwP and healthcare professionals (HCPs) to discuss diet. The findings were categorised into three themes: (1) dietary intakes of PLwP, (2) the perceived role of diet in psoriasis management and (3) dietary approaches to manage psoriasis symptoms. In cross-sectional studies PLwP were reported to have higher fat and lower fibre intakes compared with controls, and lower psoriasis severity was associated with higher fibre intake. However, research is limited. PLwP perceive diet to have an impact on symptoms and make dietary modifications which are often restrictive. Systematic reviews and RCTs found certain dietary approaches improved symptoms, but only in specific populations (e.g. PLwP with obesity and PLwP with coeliac disease), and evidence for supplement use is inconclusive. The grey literature provides limited guidance to PLwP; focusing on weight loss and associated comorbidities. Larger, controlled trials are required to determine dietary approaches for psoriasis management, especially in PLwP without obesity and non-coeliac PLwP. Further understanding of diet modification, information acquisition and experiences among PLwP will enhance holistic care for psoriasis management.
Interrogating multisystem intended pathways to youth thriving and resilience: Benefits of inclusive human development theoretical framing
Authors: Spencer Margaret Beale 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMoving more deeply into the 21st century and acknowledging the ongoing patterned needs of children, there continues to be broadly voiced sentiments about the importance of all children’s thriving, adaptive coping, and resiliency. This paper notes that social science more broadly and developmental science specifically is a major resource determinative of the nature of remedies conceptualized, designed, and implemented. Evident is that the harms experienced by children and the solutions implemented by delivery systems are frequently unaligned. Efficacy and impact do not appear to be improved by multisystem integration delivery. This paper explores the benefits of incorporating inclusive and shared human development theory. As well, it examines the need to question the character virtue of the multisystem integration efforts intended to afford supportive solutions required for youths’ thriving and resiliency. Specifically, it addresses whether democratic and equity relevant character values are integrated into public and privately funded intended supportive systems. The position taken is that whether considered under conditions of trauma illustrated by the global COVID pandemic or the efficacy of systems intended to aid the most vulnerable youngsters, the character of the content of support and its delivery matter and can benefit from inclusive human development interrogation and theorizing.
Perceptional and actional enrichment for metaphor detection with sensorimotor norms
Authors: Wan Mingyu , Su Qi , Ahrens Kathleen , Huang Chu-Ren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the nature of meaning and its extensions (with metaphor as one typical kind) has been one core issue in figurative language study since Aristotle’s time. This research takes a computational cognitive perspective to model metaphor based on the assumption that meaning is perceptual, embodied, and encyclopedic. We model word meaning representation for metaphor detection with embodiment information obtained from behavioral experiments. Our work is the first attempt to incorporate sensorimotor knowledge into neural networks for metaphor detection, and demonstrates superiority, consistency, and interpretability compared to peer systems based on two general datasets. In addition, with cross-sectional analysis of different feature schemas, our results suggest that metaphor, as a device of cognitive conceptualization, can be ‘learned’ from the perceptual and actional information independent of several more explicit levels of linguistic representation. The access to such knowledge allows us to probe further into word meaning mapping tendencies relevant to our conceptualization and reaction to the physical world.
Maternal childhood maltreatment: associations to offspring brain volume and white matter connectivity
Authors: Lugo-Candelas Claudia , Chang Le , Dworkin Jordan D. , Aw Natalie , Fields Andrea , Reed Hannah , Spann Marisa , Gilchrist Michelle A. , Hinds Walter , Marsh Rachel , Fifer William P. , Weissman Myrna , Foerster Bernd Uwe , Manin Marina Giorgi , Silva Ivaldo , Peterson Bradley , Coelho Milani Ana Carolina , Gingrich Jay , Monk Catherine , Duarte Cristiane S. , Jackowski Andrea , Posner Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe deleterious effects of adversity are likely intergenerational, such that one generation’s adverse experiences can affect the next. Epidemiological studies link maternal adversity to offspring depression and anxiety, possibly via transmission mechanisms that influence offspring fronto-limbic connectivity. However, studies have not thoroughly disassociated postnatal exposure effects nor considered the role of offspring sex. We utilized infant neuroimaging to test the hypothesis that maternal childhood maltreatment (CM) would be associated with increased fronto-limbic connectivity in infancy and tested brain-behavior associations in childhood. Ninety-two dyads participated (32 mothers with CM, 60 without; 52 infant females, 40 infant males). Women reported on their experiences of CM and non-sedated sleeping infants underwent MRIs at 2.44 ± 2.74 weeks. Brain volumes were estimated via structural MRI and white matter structural connectivity (fiber counts) via diffusion MRI with probabilistic tractography. A subset of parents (n = 36) reported on children’s behaviors at age 5.17 ± 1.73 years. Males in the maltreatment group demonstrated greater intra-hemispheric fronto-limbic connectivity (b = 0.96, p= 0.008, [95%CI 0.25, 1.66]), no differences emerged for females. Fronto-limbic connectivity was related to somatic complaints in childhood only for males (r = 0.673, p = 0.006). Our findings suggest that CM could have intergenerational associations to offspring brain development, yet mechanistic studies are needed.
Balancing may be everywhere, but the proportionality test is not
Authors: da Silva Virgílio Afonso 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe relationship between balancing and proportionality has not always been clear. Because part of the literature falls short of adequately differentiating between the two tools, many people have become conditioned to see an instance of proportionality whenever the word ‘balancing’ is dropped. As a consequence, the ubiquity of balancing brought about the feeling that proportionality is equally ubiquitous. In this article, I show that the proportionality test is necessarily linked to judicial review and how this link is key to understanding why not every instance of balancing is part of the proportionality test and that proportionality cannot be as ubiquitous as many have claimed. This has not only analytical relevance, but also institutional consequences.
Extension event attendance increases adoption of weed management practices by sports field managers
Authors: Frisvold George B. , Agme Chandrakant , Ervin David , Allen Jennifer , Askew Shawn , Bowling Rebecca Grubbs , Brosnan James , Elmore Matthew , Gannon Travis , Kaminski John , McCarty Lambert , McCurdy James D. , Patton Aaron J. , Taylor Jacob , Unruh J. Bryan , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractData from a national survey of 348 U.S. sports field managers were used to examine the effects of participation in Cooperative Extension events on the adoption of turfgrass weed management practices. Of the respondents, 94% had attended at least one event in the previous 3 yr. Of this 94%, 97% reported adopting at least one practice as a result of knowledge gained at an Extension turfgrass event. Half of the respondents had adopted four or more practices; a third adopted five or more practices. Nonchemical, cultural practices were the most-adopted practices (65% of respondents). Multiple regression analysis was used to examine factors explaining practice adoption and Extension event attendance. Compared to attending one event, attending three events increased total adoption by an average of one practice. Attending four or more events increased total adoption by two practices. Attending four or more events (compared to one event) increased the odds of adopting six individual practices by 3- to 6-fold, depending on the practice. This suggests that practice adoption could be enhanced by encouraging repeat attendance among past Extension event attendees. Manager experience was a statistically significant predictor of the number of Extension events attended but a poor direct predictor of practice adoption. Experience does not appear to increase adoption directly, but indirectly, via its impact on Extension event attendance. In addition to questions about weed management generally, the survey asked questions specifically about annual bluegrass management. Respondents were asked to rank seven sources of information for their helpfulness in managing annual bluegrass. There was no single dominant information source, but Extension was ranked more than any other source as the most helpful (by 22% of the respondents) and was ranked among the top three by 53%, closely behind field representative/local distributor sources at 54%.
European Summer Synoptic Circulations and Their Observed 2022 and Projected Influence on Hot Extremes and Dry Spells
Authors: Herrera‐Lormendez Pedro , Douville Hervé , Matschullat Jörg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2022, western Europe experienced its hottest summer on record and widespread dry conditions, with substantial impacts on health, water and vegetation. We use a reanalysis to classify daily mean sea level pressure fields and to investigate the influence of synoptic circulations on the occurrence of temperature extremes and dry days. Summer 2022 featured an above‐normal occurrence of anticyclones extending from the British Isles to the Baltic countries, as well as enhanced easterly, southerly and low‐flow conditions which contributed to the observed extremes over southern and western Europe. While the hot summer of 2022 is only partially explained by circulation anomalies, such anomalies played a key role in the exceptional occurrence of dry days. The comparison with summer circulation anomalies projected by twenty global climate models moreover suggests that future circulation changes will further exacerbate hot and dry extremes over Europe.