bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse delivered medication safety screening program for home care visits
Authors: Eukel Heidi N. , Steig Jayme , Hodges Alyssa , O'Gary Brianna , Strand Mark A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHome care clients have safety barriers related to medication storage, disposal, and safe use of opioids. Limited research is available regarding medication safety initiatives in the home care setting. This study evaluates a medication safety initiative, linked with opioid misuse and overdose prevention screening, for home care clients with different levels of service. Training and screening tools designed for community pharmacies by the Opioid & Naloxone Education (ONE) Program were modified for use by home health nurses. All new admits to the home health services were screened for medication storage, medication disposal, and use of pain medications. Patients taking opioids were screened for opioid‐specific risks. Interventions based on screening results included education, provision of medication lock boxes, drug disposal packets, and/or naloxone. Most home care clients (85%) are properly storing their medication and 38% were not properly disposing unused medications. Higher levels of care had greater pain medication needs, including the provision of naloxone. This study demonstrates the opportunity to incorporate medication safety screening into nursing home health visits.
An updated assessment of the soybean–Phytophthora sojae pathosystem
Authors: Hale Brett , Brown Edward , Wijeratne Asela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFilamentous disease‐causing agents (e.g., fungi and oomycetes) constitute a diverse, widely distributed group of plant pathogens that continually threaten crop production. A prominent example is Phytophthora sojae, a pathogenic oomycete that renders root and stem rot in soybean (Glycine max). The expansion of diverse/complex P. sojae pathotypes limits traditional methods of disease prevention and is exacerbated by climate variability. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular features governing soybean–P. sojae interaction is required to preserve soybean yield. This review summarizes current knowledge surrounding the soybean–P. sojae pathosystem with an emphasis on host–pathogen coevolution. We describe innate immunity, novel and well‐defined mechanisms of P. sojae virulence and the molecular basis of host resistance. We then provide rationales for disease management through the deployment of gene regulatory networks and a deeper understanding of the biotic growing environment. Insight herein will help unravel molecular and biological mechanisms of plant–pathogen conflict and has benign implications for sustainable agriculture.
Evolving changes in cortical and subcortical excitability during movement preparation: A study of brain potentials and eye‐blink reflexes during loud acoustic stimulation
Authors: Nguyen An T. , Tresilian James R. , Lipp Ottmar V. , Tavora‐Vieira Dayse , Marinovic Welber 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring preparation for action, the presentation of loud acoustic stimuli (LAS) can trigger movements at very short latencies in a phenomenon called the StartReact effect. It was initially proposed that a special, separate subcortical mechanism that bypasses slower cortical areas could be involved. We sought to examine the evidence for a separate mechanism against the alternative that responses to LAS can be explained by a combination of stimulus intensity effects and preparatory states. To investigate whether cortically mediated preparatory processes are involved in mediating reactions to LAS, we used an auditory reaction task where we manipulated the preparation level within each trial by altering the conditional probability of the imperative stimulus. We contrasted responses to non‐intense tones and LAS and examined whether cortical activation and subcortical excitability and motor responses were influenced by preparation levels. Increases in preparation levels were marked by gradual reductions in reaction time (RT) coupled with increases in cortical activation and subcortical excitability – at both condition and trial levels. Interestingly, changes in cortical activation influenced motor and auditory but not visual areas – highlighting the widespread yet selective nature of preparation. RTs were shorter to LAS than tones, but the overall pattern of preparation level effects was the same for both stimuli. Collectively, the results demonstrate that LAS responses are indeed shaped by cortically mediated preparatory processes. The concurrent changes observed in brain and behavior with increasing preparation reinforce the notion that preparation is marked by evolving brain states which shape the motor system for action.
Trustworthy artificial intelligence and the European Union AI act: On the conflation of trustworthiness and acceptability of risk
Authors: Laux Johann , Wachter Sandra , Mittelstadt Brent 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn its AI Act, the European Union chose to understand trustworthiness of AI in terms of the acceptability of its risks. Based on a narrative systematic literature review on institutional trust and AI in the public sector, this article argues that the EU adopted a simplistic conceptualization of trust and is overselling its regulatory ambition. The paper begins by reconstructing the conflation of “trustworthiness” with “acceptability” in the AI Act. It continues by developing a prescriptive set of variables for reviewing trust research in the context of AI. The paper then uses those variables for a narrative review of prior research on trust and trustworthiness in AI in the public sector. Finally, it relates the findings of the review to the EU's AI policy. Its prospects to successfully engineer citizen's trust are uncertain. There remains a threat of misalignment between levels of actual trust and the trustworthiness of applied AI.
The portrayal of effectiveness of supplier codes of conduct in improving labor conditions in global supply chains: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Vandenbroucke Sarah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEven though workplace conditions worldwide are subject to local and international laws, labor conditions in global supply chains have continuously raised human rights concerns. In response to societal pressure, multinationals have taken on a certain degree of responsibility regarding workplace conditions in supplier factories, notably by adopting codes of conduct. Investigating the impact of this self‐regulatory policy, scholars have examined whether and how codes shape labor conditions at the production level, but the results of their empirical studies diverge and sometimes contradict. To bring clarity to the field and gain an overarching understanding of the impact of codes, this literature review analyzes the question of their effectiveness as examined in 33 scientific papers gathered via a systematic selection of empirical studies. The review shows that supplier codes are not deemed unanimously and evenly effective by scholars and often fail to improve labor conditions. However, a range of factors are identified that facilitate the implementation of codes and ensure its effectiveness. This article develops a taxonomy of these factors and intends to contribute to understanding codes' decoupling and recoupling processes by investigating the gap between codes provisions and their intended outcome: the improvement of labor practices in global supply chains.
Retention in care for type 2 diabetes management in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Garrib Anupam , Njim Tsi , Adeyemi Olukemi , Moyo Faith , Halloran Natalie , Luo Huanyuan , Wang Duolao , Okebe Joseph , Bates Katie , Santos Victor Santana , Ramaiya Kaushik , Jaffar Shabbar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes prevalence has risen rapidly in Sub‐Saharan Africa, but rates of retention in diabetes care are poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine rates of retention in care of persons with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Global Health and CINAHL online databases for cohort studies and randomised control trials (RCTs) published up to 12 October 2021, that reported retention in or attrition from care for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Retention was defined as persons diagnosed with diabetes who were alive and in care or with a known outcome, while attrition was defined as loss from care.ResultsFrom 6559 articles identified, after title and abstract screening, 209 articles underwent full text review. Forty six papers met the inclusion criteria, comprising 22,610 participants. Twenty one articles were of RCTs of which 8 trials had 1 year or more of follow‐up and 25 articles were of non‐randomised studies of which 19 had 12 months or more of follow‐up. A total of 11 studies (5 RCTs and 6 non‐randomised) were assessed to be of good quality. Sixteen RCTs were done in secondary or tertiary care settings. Their pooled retention rate (95% CI) was 80% (77%, 84%) in the control arm. Four RCTs had been done in primary care settings and their pooled retention rate (95% CI) was 53% (45%, 62%) in the control arm. The setting of one trial was unclear. For non‐randomised studies, retention rates (95% CI) were 68% (62%, 75%) among 19 studies done in secondary and tertiary care settings, and 40% (33%, 49%) among the 6 studies done in primary care settings.ConclusionRates of retention in care of people living with diabetes are poor in primary care research settings.
Precorneal retention time of ocular lubricants measured with fluorophotometry in healthy dogs
Authors: Bedos L. , Allbaugh R. A. , Roy M. , Kubai M. A. , Sebbag L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveDetermine the precorneal retention time of five different ocular lubricants commonly used in dogs.Animals StudiedSix healthy Beagle dogs (n = 12 eyes).ProceduresFive ocular lubricants were studied: Artificial Tears Solution® (1.4% polyvinyl alcohol), I‐Drop® Vet Plus (0.25% hyaluronate), Optixcare® Eye Lube Plus (0.25% hyaluronate), Systane® Ultra (0.4% polyethylene glycol 400 and 0.3% propylene glycol), and Artificial Tears Ointment® (mineral oil/white petrolatum). Each lubricant was mixed with 10% sodium fluorescein to achieve 1% fluorescein formulations. Following topical administration of 35 mg in each eye, tear fluid was collected with capillary tubes at selected times (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 180 min) and fluorescein concentrations were measured with a computerized scanning ocular fluorophotometer.ResultsTear fluorescence was significantly greater with Artificial Tears Ointment® compared with other lubricant formulations from 1 to 20 min post‐administration. Median (range) precorneal retention times were significantly different among the 5 lubricants, ranging from 40 minutes (20–90 min) for Artificial Tears Ointment®, 35 min (20–90 min) for Systane® Ultra, 30 min (10–60 min) for I‐Drop® Vet Plus, 25 min (10–60 min) for Optixcare® Eye Lube Plus, and 10 min (10–20 min) for Artificial Tears Solution®. Precorneal retention time was significantly lower for Artificial Tears Solution® compared with the other 4 formulations.ConclusionsThis study established normative data for the retention time of common lubricants on the ocular surface of dogs, which may be used to guide clinicians with their choice of lubricant and frequency of administration.
Ex vivo evaluation of arthroscopically assisted shoulder stabilization in dogs using an intra‐articular aiming device
Authors: Rocheleau Patrick J. , Holz Kali A. , Peura Aliisa H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of an intra‐articular aiming device (IAD) for medial shoulder stabilization with a suture‐toggle repair or an interference screw repair using bone anchors in dogs.Study designEx‐vivo StudyMethodsSpecimens were randomly divided into 2 groups (anchor and suture‐toggle) with 10 shoulders each. Abduction angles were measured by goniometry prior to and following medial glenerohumeral ligament transection and after receiving arthroscopically assisted stabilization with either bone anchors or suture‐toggle constructs. Bone stock and insertion angles were measured with computed tomography scans. All specimens were inspected by dissection.ResultsAbduction angles increased post‐transection in both groups, and were restored to normal in the anchor group, but 2° smaller than normal in the suture‐toggle group following stabilization. Median magnitude of bone stock surrounding all tunnels ranged between 5.9 and 12.9 mm in the anchor group and 8.8 and 15.6 mm in the suture‐toggle group (p = .002). Median insertion angles at the cranial glenoid, caudal glenoid, and humerus were 17.3°, 36.8 ° and 43.4° in the anchor group, respectively, and median insertion angles at the glenoid and humerus were 38.2° and 35.6° in the suture‐toggle group, respectively (p = .91). Placement of anchors were not feasible in 3 specimens in the anchor group, and mild violations of the articular surfaces were detected in 3 specimens overall.ConclusionArthroscopically assisted shoulder stabilization with an IAD was feasible in canine cadavers.Clinical SignificanceAn IAD may facilitate arthroscopic shoulder stabilization in dogs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate safety and efficacy in a clinical setting.
Heterogenous expression of endocrine and progenitor cells within the neonatal porcine pancreatic lobes–Implications for neonatal porcine islet xenotransplantation
Authors: Seeberger Karen L , Salama Bassem F , Kelly Sandra , Rosko Mandy , Castro Chelsea , DesAulniers Jessica , Korbutt Gregory S 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeonatal porcine islets (NPIs) are a source of islets for xenotransplantation. In the pig, the pancreatic lobes remain separate, thus, when optimizing NPI isolation, the pancreatic lobes included in the pancreatic digest should be specified. These lobes are the duodenal (DL), splenic (SL) and connecting (CL) lobe that correspond to the head, body‐tail, and uncinate process of the human pancreas. In this study we are the first to evaluate all three neonatal porcine pancreatic lobes and NPIs isolated from these lobes. We report, a significant difference in endocrine and progenitor cell composition between lobes, and observed pancreatic duct glands (PDG) within the mesenchyme surrounding exocrine ducts in the DL and CL. Following in vitro differentiation, NPIs isolated from each lobe differed significantly in the percent increase of endocrine cells and final cell composition. Compared to other recipients, diabetic immunodeficient mice transplanted with NPIs isolated from the SL demonstrated euglycemic control as early as 4 weeks (p < 0.05) and achieved normoglycemia by 6 weeks post‐transplant (p < 0.01). For the first time we report significant differences between the neonatal porcine pancreatic lobes and demonstrate that NPIs from these lobes differ in xenograft function.
On the Milnor number of non‐isolated singularities of holomorphic foliations and its topological invariance
Authors: Fernández‐Pérez Arturo , Costa Gilcione Nonato , Bazán Rudy Rosas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe define the Milnor number of a one‐dimensional holomorphic foliation as the intersection number of two holomorphic sections with respect to a compact connected component of its singular set. Under certain conditions, we prove that the Milnor number of on a three‐dimensional manifold with respect to is invariant by topological equivalences.
Foraging behavior of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feed on the invasive pest Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tomato
Authors: Shirvani Zeinab , Döker Ismail , Karut Kamil , Kazak Cengiz 
Published: February 2023

The invasive tomato spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the major pests of the solanaceous plants worldwide. The phytoseiid predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is one of the most commonly used predatory mites for augmentative biological control of several important pests in protected crops. Despite its frequent usage in a range of greenhouse crops including tomatoes, several biological characteristics and foraging behaviors of this predator such as functional and numerical responses, have not been studied on T. evansi. In this study, the functional and numerical responses of A. swirskii to four different biological stages (eggs, larvae, protonymphs and deutonymphs) of T. evansi were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The significantly negative P1 values and the type of functional response curves clearly indicate that A. swirskii exhibited a Type II functional response to T. evansi regardless of prey stage. The highest attack rate (α=0.070 h-1) and the shortest handling time (Th=0.426 h) were determined when the predator fed on protonymph and larva, respectively. The highest daily mean number of eggs (1.10±0.10) laid by A. swirskii was obtained at 120 egg density. No significant difference was determined in egg production of the predatory mite among different life stages within the same prey density except 10 prey density. In addition, there was also no difference among prey densities within the same biological stage, except egg stage. According to the results, A. swirskii may not be directly recommended for the biological control of T. evansi on tomato. However, when its inundative release is considered, it may help and improve the success of biological control of T. evansi, especially at early stages of infestations.
Outdoor Physical Activity and Play Among Canadian Children and Youth With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the National Physical Activity Measurement Study
Authors: Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P. , Mitra Raktim , Sharma Ritu , Moore Sarah A. 
Published: February 2023

This study explored the association between socioecological factors and outdoor physical activity (PA) and play in children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents (N = 133) completed a survey to report changes in their child’s outdoor PA and play during the pandemic (from prepandemic levels), and child, household, and neighborhood environment factors. Children with a PA-supporting parent and from multichild and White households had lower odds of reporting decreased outdoor PA. Children from multichild, higher income, married couple households and a PA-supporting parent had lower odds of decreased outdoor play. Living in neighborhoods with higher urbanization (i.e., high dwelling density, street intersections, and land-use mix) was associated with greater odds of decreased outdoor PA and play. Future research that uses larger and more representative samples of children with disabilities is needed to test for the multivariate effects of socioecological variables on outdoor PA and play.
Transient tin mineralization from cooling of magmatic fluids in a long-lived system
Authors: Li Yang , Pan Jun-Yi , Wu Li-Guang , He Sheng , Bachmann Olivier , Li Xian-Hua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFertility and longevity of hydrothermal systems are key parameters required to improve our ability in predicting new deposits and directly extracting metals from metalliferous fluids. Reconstructing evolutional trajectories of metalliferous fluids with high temporal resolution is critical for pushing our understanding forward, but this is inevitably challenging because traditional approaches for obtaining this information either have poor temporal resolution and/or bear considerable uncertainties. We present a novel approach (translating texture-controlled information to temporal patterns) to reconstruct the thermal and isotopic history of the Weilasituo vein-type tin deposit (Inner Mongolia, China) at the millennial scale. In situ oxygen isotope thermometry of paragenetically constrained quartz and cassiterite reveals that tin deposition was accompanied by gradual cooling of pure magmatic fluids from ~500 °C to ~390 °C at lithostatic conditions, while fluid mixing and/or water-rock interaction were not required. The system then transitioned to hydrostatic conditions and permitted penetration of meteoric water and further cooling. Aluminum diffusion in quartz chronometry yields time scales of ~50 k.y., ~5 k.y., and ~200 k.y. for pre-, syn-, and post-ore stages, respectively. Our results highlight that the magmatic-hydrothermal system did not form ore minerals for most of its lifetime, with mineralization occurring only briefly (i.e., &lt;5% of its lifetime). Hence, the rates and efficiency of ore formation may need significant revision. For magmatic-hydrothermal systems with felsic magmas being stored at high crystallinity after extensive volatile exsolution, the efficiency of scavenging metals from melts to fluids critically controls their fertility. To directly extract metals from metalliferous fluids, the key is targeting systems with a high degree of magma crystallization (e.g., higher metal contents in fluids) in warm crust (e.g., able to sustain long-lived systems).
Novel mutation in the HSD3B7 gene causes bile acid synthetic disorder and presents as recurrent liver failure in early childhood
Authors: Jebaying Yaja , Kumar Karunesh , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam 
Published: February 2023

Bile acid synthetic disorders are rare inborn errors of metabolism, and presentations include neonatal cholestasis, neurological disease or deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins. Affected patients fail to produce standard bile acids but accumulate unusual bile acids and intermediates, resulting in liver failure and complications. Most of them improve with bile acid supplementation, but delaying initiating treatment is detrimental to the outcome.A young child presented to us with recurrent episodes of acute liver failure. In the first episode, both coagulopathy and encephalopathy improved on supportive treatment, but the aetiological evaluation was inconclusive. During the second presentation, whole-exome sequencing was sent, identifying a compound heterozygous novel mutation in the 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 gene leading to bile acid synthetic defect.
Balloon mitral valvuloplasty: a re-emerging technique enhanced with real-time, three-dimensional transoesophageal cardiac ultrasound/echocardiography (3D-TOE)
Authors: Islam Samsul , Khan Jawad , Khan Yusuf 
Published: February 2023

We describe the case of a woman in her 60s with mitral stenosis, rate-controlled atrial fibrillation and a history of childhood rheumatic fever. She successfully underwent elective percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC), also described as balloon mitral valvuloplasty, for severe, symptomatic mitral stenosis. This was completed via right femoral vein access, trans-septal puncture and commissural separation guided by real-time three-dimensional (3D) transoesophageal echocardiography under general anaesthesia.Balloon mitral valvuloplasty is being completed more frequently in the UK due to the population having a higher incidence of mitral valve disease as a result of migration and as a palliative measure in those considered too high risk for mitral valve replacement cardiothoracic surgery.Rheumatic mitral stenosis is known to be a disease prevalent in countries of low and middle income and with increased migration to the UK, resulting in an increased prevalence of rheumatic mitral valve disease in the UK. It is estimated that within the UK, one in seven persons are migrants, and as such, we believe it is important to pay attention to diseases which affect the evolving population of the UK.Technological advancements, including availability and use of 3D transoesophageal cardiac ultrasound/echocardiography, have made PTMC much safer and more effective than previously. Additionally, the multidisciplinary team approach to PTMC is very important to its success. The procedure was completed successfully, with no complications.