bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indispensable role of Nectin‐like 4 in regulating synapse‐related molecules, synaptic structure, and individual behavior
Authors: Liu Xiao , Ran Kunnian , Hu Geng , Yin Bin , Qiang Boqin , Han Wei , Shu Pengcheng , Peng Xiaozhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNectin‐like family members (Necls) are involved in synaptic organization. In contrast to that of Necl‐2/CADM1/SynCAM1, which is critical in synaptic events, investigation of Necl‐4/CADM4/SynCAM4 in synapses has largely lagged behind given the particularity of homophilic self‐interactions compared to interactions with other Necls. We sought to further understand the role of Necl‐4 in synapses and found that knockout of Necl‐4 led to aberrant expression levels of proteins mediating synaptic function in cortex homogenates and augmented accumulation of ionotropic glutamate receptor in postsynaptic density fractions, although a compensatory effect of Necl‐1 on the expression levels existed. Concurrently, we also found increased synaptic clefts in the cortex and simplified dendritic morphology of primary cultured cortical neurons. Experiments on individual behaviors suggested that compared to their wild‐type littermates, Necl‐4‐KO mice exhibited impaired acquisition of spatial memory and working memory and enhanced behavioral despair and anxiety‐like behavior. These findings suggest that Necl‐4 mediates synaptic function and related behaviors through an indispensable role and offer a new perspective about collaboration and specialization among Necls.
Mitochondrial quality control in abdominal aortic aneurysm: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wang Ding , Jia Longyuan , Zhao Chengdong , Wang Huitao , Dai Zhengnan , Jing Yuchen , Jiang Bo , Xin Shijie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMitochondria are the energy supply sites of cells and are crucial for eukaryotic life. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Multiple mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms, including mitochondrial DNA repair, biogenesis, antioxidant defense, dynamics, and autophagy, play vital roles in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Abnormalities in these mechanisms may induce mitochondrial damage and dysfunction leading to cell death and tissue remodeling. Recently, many clues suggest that dysregulation of MQC is closely related to the pathogenesis of AAA. Therefore, specific interventions targeting MQC mechanisms to maintain and restore mitochondrial function have become promising therapeutic methods for the prevention and treatment of AAA.
The influence of liver transplantation on the interplay between gut microbiome and bile acid homeostasis in children with biliary atresia
Authors: Waldner Birgit , Aldrian Denise , Zöggeler Thomas , Oberacher Herbert , Oberhuber Rupert , Schneeberger Stefan , Messner Franka , Schneider Anna M. , Kohlmaier Benno , Lanzersdorfer Roland , Huber Wolf-Dietrich , Entenmann Andreas , Müller Thomas , Vogel Georg F. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Biliary atresia (BA) causes neonatal cholestasis and rapidly progresses into cirrhosis if left untreated. Kasai portoenterostomy may delay cirrhosis. BA remains among the most common indications for liver transplantation (LT) during childhood. Liver function and gut microbiome are interconnected. Disturbed liver function and enterohepatic signaling influence microbial diversity. We, herein, investigate the impact of LT and reestablishment of bile flow on gut microbiome–bile acid homeostasis in children with BA before (pre, n = 10), 3 months (post3m, n = 12), 12 months (post12m, n = 9), and more than 24 months (post24 + m, n = 12) after LT.

Methods:
We analyzed the intestinal microbiome of BA patients before and after LT by 16S-rRNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses, and serum primary and secondary bile acid levels.

Results:
The gut microbiome in BA patients exhibits a markedly reduced alpha diversity in pre (p = 0.015) and post3m group (p = 0.044), and approximated healthy control groups at later timepoints post12m (p = 1.0) and post24 + m (p = 0.74). Beta diversity analysis showed overall community structure similarities of pre and post3m (p = 0.675), but both differed from the post24 + m (p < 0.001). Longitudinal analysis of the composition of the gut microbiome revealed the Klebsiella genus to show increased abundance in the post24 + m group compared with an age-matched control (p = 0.029). Secondary bile acid production increased 2+ years after LT (p = 0.03). Multivariable associations of microbial communities and clinical metadata reveal several significant associations of microbial genera with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil–based immunosuppressive regimens.

Conclusions:
In children with BA, the gut microbiome shows strongly reduced diversity before and shortly after LT, and approximates healthy controls at later timepoints. Changes in diversity correlate with altered secondary bile acid synthesis at 2+ years and with the selection of different immunosuppressants.
Efficacy of a Pharmacy Resident-Driven Beta-Lactam Allergy Assessment at a Community Hospital
Authors: Shaw Michael , Lally Ryan , Langenderfer Rachel , NeSmith Brittany , Cash Julie , Servais Taylor 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Beta-lactams are the most commonly used antibiotics, although they are also associated with hypersensitivity reactions. Although approximately 10% of the population report an allergy to a beta-lactam, identifying erroneous beta-lactam allergies can lead to improved patient outcomes and lower rates of antimicrobial resistance.

Methods
This study was a single-center, retrospective review of a pharmacy resident driven beta-lactam allergy assessment. The allergy assessment consisted of a chart review and a 3-question interview. The primary outcome of this study was a composite of the following interventions: beta-lactam allergy delabeling, reaction specification, and/or identification of previously tolerated beta-lactams. Secondary outcomes included patients who were relabeled if delabeling occurred, patients who received beta-lactam therapy after changes occurred to their charted allergy, and impact on hospital utilization of beta-lactam alternative antibiotics.

Results
A total of 42 patients were interviewed between September 13, 2021, and December 17, 2021, with follow-up occurring 90 days after the initial interview. The most common beta-lactam allergy reported was penicillin (90.5%). Of the patients who were assessed, 95.2% met at least one of the components of the primary endpoint. Specifying the previous toleration of beta-lactam agents was the most common intervention, occurring after 78.6% of assessments. Complete delabeling of the patient's beta-lactam allergy occurred after 38.1% of the interviews conducted.

Conclusions
A pharmacy-resident driven beta-lactam allergy assessment was effective at clarifying beta-lactam allergies, including the complete delabeling of erroneous beta-lactam allergies.
Single Transverse Palmar Crease as a Potential Risk Factor for COVID-19
Authors: Kanazawa Satoshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
While South Asians in the United Kingdom suffer from higher mortality from COVID-19, the exact reason for the ethnic disparity is unknown. One solution is to find a genetic correlate of South Asian ethnicity and see if the same correlate is associated with an increased likelihood of COVID-19 contraction among Whites.

Methods
The author analyzed a prospectively longitudinal, nationally representative sample from the British Cohort Study that began at birth in 1970 and has information on COVID-19 health status in May 2020.

Results
Palmer crease patterns measured at age 10 were significantly associated with the likelihood of COVID-19 contraction and the number of symptoms at age 50. Individuals with single transverse palmar crease (STPC) on the right hand had 22.9% chance of contracting COVID-19 compared with 9.5% for those with the normal crease.

Conclusions
Because having STPC on the right hand nearly triples the odds of contracting COVID-19 among Whites, and South Asians are 4 to 5 times as likely to have STPC as Whites do, the genes for/chromosomal abnormalities associated with STPC might be one of the contributors to the higher mortality from COVID-19 among South Asians in the United Kingdom.
Exploration of the Golf-Specific Low Back Pain Questionnaire
Authors: Skibski Andrew , Goetschius John , Mangum L. Colby 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
The primary purpose of this study was to determine internal consistency and concurrent validity of the Golf-specific Low Back Pain questionnaire (GLBP).

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Online questionnaire.

Participants:
Fifty-two adult golfers with a history of LBP.

Interventions:
GLBP, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

Main Outcome Measures:
Cronbach alpha values for the GLBP and its 3 subscales. Pearson correlations between the ODI, GLBP, and the GLBP subscales.

Results:
Cronbach alpha for the GLBP was 0.94. Cronbach alpha for the 3 GLBP subscales ranged from 0.85 to 0.91. All Pearson correlations were significant at P < 0.05. The correlation between the ODI and GLBP was −0.64, and correlations between the ODI and GLBP subscales ranged from −0.53 to −0.63. Mean GLBP score was 72.01% ± 16.15%, and mean ODI score was 12.00% ± 7.98%.

Conclusions:
The GLBP has excellent concurrent validity to quantify LBP in golfers. The GLBP total and each individual subscale have excellent internal consistency and a moderate inverse relationship with the ODI. The GLBP offers a more sport-specific patient-reported outcome measure for this population. The GLBP may more adequately quantify LBP-related disability, especially at lower levels of disability. Findings provide initial evidence that the GLBP may be a valid tool to quantify LBP symptoms and dysfunction in golfers.

Clinical Relevance:
Clinicians should consider using sport-specific outcome measures when evaluating for LBP-related disability.
The Spectrum of Duodenal Histologic Findings in Patients With Trisomy 21: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Alexander Erin , Stahl Marisa , Weaver Amy , Devara Janaki , Fahey Lisa M. , Singh Arunjot , Leonard Maureen M. , Weisbrod Vanessa , Shull Mary , Silvester Jocelyn , Kramer Zachary , Kerzner Benny , Liu Edwin , Absah Imad 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:Patients with Trisomy 21 (T21) commonly have gastrointestinal symptoms and diseases that prompt evaluation with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Our objective is to characterize duodenal histological abnormalities in these patients when undergoing EGD. A secondary aim is to explore associations of histologic findings with different therapies.Methods:Patients 30 years old or younger with T21 who underwent EGD from 2000 to 2020 at 6 hospitals were included in this retrospective cohort study. Duodenal biopsies were categorized based on reported histopathology findings as normal or abnormal. Abnormal pathology reports were reviewed and categorized into villous atrophy (VA) and duodenitis without VA. The VA group was further categorized based on the presence or absence of celiac disease (CD).Results:We identified 836 patients with T21 who underwent EGD, 419 (50.1%) of whom had duodenal histologic abnormalities. At the time of the first (index) abnormal duodenal biopsy, 290 of 419 had VA and of those, 172 of 290 met CD diagnostic criteria, while 118 of 290 did not meet CD criteria (nonspecific VA). Among the patients with an abnormal biopsy, acid suppression at the time of the index biopsy was less common in patients with VA-CD compared to patients without VA or patients with nonspecific VA (12.2% vs 45.7% vs 44.9%).Conclusions:Half of the T21 patients in this cohort had abnormal duodenal biopsies including a subgroup with nonspecific VA. In this cohort, acid suppression use was more prevalent in patients with abnormalities other than CD.
Profile of cesarean section during COVID-19 using Robson ten group classification system in a tertiary teaching hospital, Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shrestha Nischal , Regmi Priyanka , Shrestha Sneha , Nyaupane Kalpana 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Caesarean section is performed when there are pregnancy related complications and vaginal delivery cannot be tried or fails. The effect of pandemic lockdown on the availability as well as accessibility of health services is a global concern. The aim of this study was to find out the caesarean section rate and its indication at a tertiary care hospital during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women admitted for delivery in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary teaching hospital during the second wave of COVID-19 (1 May 2021–30 July 2021). Convenience sampling technique was applied and 1350 women were categorized into groups using Robson ten group classification system. Group size, group caesarean rate, absolute and relative contribution of each group to overall caesarean rate were calculated.

Results:
Out of 1350 total deliveries during COVID-19, lower segment caesarean section was done in 446 (33.04%) (30.53–35.55 at 95% Confidence Interval). Major indication for caesarean section was previous caesarean in 185 (41.48%). Most women 202 (45.29%) were from the age group 24–30 years and gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks. Major contributor to the overall caesarean section rate was Robson group 5 (37%).

Conclusions:
This study showed higher prevalence of caesarean section delivery rate during COVID-19 pandemic than that compared with 2016 national statistics of Nepal. Despite of several challenges brought by the pandemic, pregnant women were still able to access the emergency obstetric care services in the Eastern part of Nepal. However, future studies should focus on exploring the situation in rural areas too.
Germline mutations of B-Raf proto-oncogene and pathological implications in prostate cancer: observational study
Authors: Tiabi Ikram , Ennaji Youssef , Abumsimir Berjas , Laraqui Abdelilah , Ennibi Khalid , Mrabti Mohammed , Alami Mohammed , Mahasneh Ihsan Ali , Benchekroun Mohammed Nabil , Ennaji Moulay Mustapha 
Published: May 2023

Background:
B-Raf proto-oncogene has been found in a variety of neoplasms. BRAF stimulation can promote tumour proliferation through the activation of the MAP/ERK kinase pathway. This study aimed to determine the germline spectra of BRAF and the association with pathological criteria of prostate tumours.

Methods:
Fifty blood samples from men treated with prostate cancer were analyzed for BRAF germline mutations and confirmed by Sanger sequencing, in addition, to establishing the frequencies and clinical correlations of frequent mutations in the BRAF gene for both exon 11 and exon 15. The frequency and distribution of high-frequency mutations were analyzed according to the pathological criteria of the patients.

Results:
Frameshift mutations: c.1628_1629insA and c.1624_1625insT with a frequency of (46%) and (18%), respectively, Nonsense mutations: c.1181C>A (p.Ser394Ter) was detected in one patient, missense mutations: c.1226A>G (p.Gln409Arg), c.1270T>C (p.Trp424Arg), c.1270_1271delins2 (p.Trp424Leu), with a frequency of (4%) were detected. There was no significant difference between mutation carriers and non-carriers regarding medical and surgical history, but prostate-specific antigen concentration was significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The results of this study elucidate the presence and involvement of germline mutations in prostate cancer, which could serve as a potential indicator for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of prostate cancer in the population studied.
The benefit of antibiotic-combined Mg-hydroxyapatite bone graft substitute over autologous bone for surgical site infection prevention in posterolateral spinal fusion: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zanotti Bruno , Muggiolu Francesco , De Maria Lucio 
Published: May 2023

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The authors’ goal was to clarify whether a bone substitute combined with antibiotics might gain a hold in spinal surgery as a preventive treatment for early infections (EIs).

Background:
A relatively infrequent but severe complication in spinal surgery is the occurrence of EIs.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively compared a population undergoing posterolateral fusion with Mg-enriched hydroxyapatite paste mixed with 60 mg rifampicin powder, with a matched population treated with autologous bone without antibiotics. A total of 30 patients from 2020 to 2021 were included in our study. We estimated EI’s relative risk and the number needed to treat. Statistical analyses were performed using the R statistical package v3.4.1 (http://www.r-project.org).

Results:
No early infections occurred in the population treated with antibiotic-combined bone substitutes, compared with 6.7% of patients treated with autologous bone without antibiotics. The relative risk of EIs was 0.33 (P=.49; 95% CI=0.01–7.58) and the number needed to treat was 15.

Conclusions:
The results support the hypothesis that combining bone substitutes with antibiotics may decrease the risk of EIs and could be a viable option to improve spinal surgery outcomes. However, a larger sample size would be needed to confirm the benefit of rifampicin-combined Mg-enriched hydroxyapatite substitutes over autologous bone for surgical site infection prevention.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3.
Knowledge, attitude, practice and their associated determinants, in relation to updated coronavirus illness 19 prevention and control among Dessie town residents in the South Wollo Zone of Northeast Ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study cross-sectional study
Authors: Belay Mulusew Zeleke , Wondyifraw Endalk Birrie , Yirdaw Lehulu Tilahun , Tefera Birhanu Desu 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Coronavirus disease19 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus. The two strains of coronavirus were severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. A sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The objective of this study was to analyse the community’s knowledge, attitude, and practice and their associated determinants, in relation to updated COVID19 prevention and control in South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia.

Materials and methods:
Community-based prospective cross sectional study was conducted from 10 April to 30 July 2020. The study population was selected from Dessie town and 423 samples were collected using systemic random sampling technique through self-administered questionnaire and verified, coded, and entered into epidata software and it export to SPSS for analysis. To summarise descriptive statistics frequencies, percentage, mean, and median were used and presented with tables, charts, and figures.

Results:
The participation rate was 93.6%. Among the respondents 53.5% had solid knowledge; 50% had a positive attitude, and 45.2% had good COVID19 practice. Single marital status [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% CI) = 0.487 (0.294–0.809)] and physical labour in occupation [AOR (95% CI) = 2.87 (1.003–8.214)] were both linked to strong COVID19 knowledge. Age of 30–34 [AOR (95% CI) = 2.264 (1.04–4.92)], age of 45–49 [AOR (95% CI) = 4.79 (1.22–18.77)], good knowledge [AOR (95% CI) = 1.58 (1.01–2.498)], good practice [AOR (95% CI) = 2.88 (1.754–4.72)] were significantly associated with adequate attitude, in the other hand sex [AOR (95% CI) = 3.03 (1.72–5.34)], educational status [AOR (95% CI)= 26.23 (3.83–179.84)], jobless occupation [AOR (95% CI)=0.212 (0.079–0.572)], age, and adequate attitude were all linked to good coronavirus disease practice 19.

Conclusions:
More than half, half, and less than half of the participants, respectively, had knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID19 in Dessie town.
The effect of preconditioning hypoxia in schwann-like-cells-derived adipose mesenchymal stem cells and rat sciatic nerve-derived stem cells: experimental research
Authors: Sumarwoto Tito , Suroto Heri , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Tinduh Damayanti , Notobroto Hari Basuki , Arfian Nur , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Rhatomy Sholahuddin , Mahyudin Ferdiansyah 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The preconditioning hypoxia for stem cells is a strategy to achieve effective conditions for cell therapy, indicate increased expression of regenerative genes in stem cell therapy, and enhance the secretion of bioactive factors and therapeutic potential of their cultured secretome.

Objectives:
This study aims to explore the response of Schwann-like cells derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SLCs) and Schwann cells rat sciatic nerve-derived stem cells (SCs) with their secretomes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in vitro.

Material and methods:
SLCs and SCs were isolated from the adipose tissue and the sciatic nerve of the adult white male rat strain Wistar. Cells were incubated in 21% O2 (normoxic group) and 1%, 3%, and 5% O2 (hypoxic group) conditions. Concentration values of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), basic Fibroblast Growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and nerve growth factor were detected and calculated utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the growth curve was described.

Results:
SLCs and SCs indicated positive expression for mesenchymal markers and negative expression for hematopoietic markers. Normoxic conditions SLCs and SCs showed elongated and flattened morphology. Under hypoxic conditions, SLCs and SCs showed a classic fibroblast-like morphology. Hypoxia 1% gave the highest concentration in TGF-β and bFGF from the SLCs group and TGF-β, bFGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor from the SCs group. No significant differences in concentration of growth factors between the SLCs group compared to SCs group in all oxygen groups.

Conclusions:
Preconditioning hypoxia has an effect on the composing of SLCs, SCs, and their secretomes in vitro; no significant differences in concentration of growth factors between the SLCs group compared with the SCs group in all oxygen groups.