bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Shisha Smoking and Factors Associated with the Initiation of Shisha Smoking among Students of University of the Punjab, Lahore
Authors: Yasmin Iram , Nawaz Yasar , Rasool Uzma 
Published: August 2023

Background: Smoking is a significant menace to the public’s health because it directly causes more than seven million deaths worldwide each year. Smoking shisha is a type of tobacco consumption in which smoke is filtered by way of water before being inhaled. It's a common misconception that shisha smoking is healthier than cigarettes because it contains fruits flavour, but this is false belief. Objective: To determine the prevalence of shisha smoking and associated factors to initiate shisha smoking among students of University of the Punjab. Methods: This cross sectional study included 435 university students aged 20-40 years from New Campus, university of the Punjab Lahore. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from students. The data was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The frequency distribution and mean± standard deviation were calculated for categorical variables, and continuous variables, respectively. The comparison of categorical variables across groups was done by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this sampled population, majority of the students (92%) had heard about shisha smoking and the overall prevalence of shisha smoking was (23.9%).Statistically significant difference was observed between shisha smoker and non-shisha smoker regarding factors starting shisha smoking including; family member uses shisha, pleasures seeking and boredom (p- value < 0.05). Whereas no statistical significant difference was found between shisha smoker and non-shisha smoker regarding; factors starting shisha smoking; curiosity, fashion, status symbol, stress, and peer pressure (p- value >0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that the prevalence of shisha smoking was higher in male than female students. Most of the study participants had ever heard about shisha smoking and a significant number of participants ever smoked shisha in their life. The present study results revealed that having a shisha smoker family member , pleasure seeking and reducing boredom had a significant impact on initiation of shisha smoking among students of University of the Punjab. Society has to make efforts to reduce shisha smoking.
Keyword: Shisha smoking, Prevalence, University Students
Association between the plantar fasciitis and isolated contracture of gastrocnemius in Lahore
Authors: Jameel Waleed , Ahmad Irfan , Asad Ali Aftab  , Muhammad Fasih  , Tania Asif  , Uzma Faiz  , Arooj Ilyas  
Published: August 2023

Background: Plantar fasciitis, reportedly the most common cause of pain in the inferior heel, is estimated to account for 11 to 15 percent of all foot symptoms requiring professional care among adults. Objective: The objective is to determine the Association between the plantar Fasciitis and Isolated Contracture of Gastrocnemius. Methods: It was the cross-sectional study; convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. Study was completed within four months after the approval of synopsis. Sample size was 168. Participants was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Self-made questionnaire used for this study. Silfverskiold test was used for isolated contractures of gastrocnemius. Data was analyzed by SPSS. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 39.4 years with SD value of 3.74. in this study, there was 32.1% was male and 67.9% were female respondents which showed that planter fasciitis is more common among female that males. The p value less than 0.05 indicate that there is a positive association between the limitation of range of ankle dorsiflexion and duration or planter fasciitis (acute or chronic). 41.1% of the participants with acute planter fasciitis and 58.9 with chronic planter fasciitis. Conclusion: Limitation in the dorsiflexion of ankle is mostly linked with the planter fasciitis. In current study, it was concluded that more than half of the patients with planter fasciitis had isolate gastrocnemius contracture. The findings of current work can be applied to develop and further refine non-operative and operative treatment strategies for those with recalcitrant plantar fasciitis.
Key Words: Planter fasciitis, Contracture, Flat foot
POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN DIGITAL MEDIA AND ONLINE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF GENERATION Z
Authors: GÜREL Edanur , EYÜBOĞLU Ezgi 
Published: August 2023

POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN DIGITAL MEDIA and ONLINE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION of GENERATION Z
ABSTRACT
Today, thanks to the use of data mining and machine learning on social media platforms, all personal data of individuals has become accessible. The effective use of this data has also started to transform political communication. In this study, data was collected from 356 social media user university students aged 18-24 studying in Istanbul through an online survey to analyze the impact of the use of personalized digital data and post-truth content in political communication on Generation Z's online political participation. According to the findings, the participants are not indifferent to the political agenda, but they show a passive online political participation behavior, as well as they worry that their personal digital data will be used in situations they do not consent to, and they are not completely sure about the accuracy of the online political content they encounter. These results, in relation to each other, show that young people both enter the spiral of silence of the digital age and feel the pressure created by the concept of surveillance society.
Keywords: Generation z, Data mining, Personalized digital data, Online political participation.
Acute Alcohol Use and Suicide
Authors: Yim Minkyung , Kim Hayoung , Kim Gyumyoung , Hur Ji-Won 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceWhile acute alcohol use (AAU) is known to increase the risk of suicide significantly, the underlying mechanisms of this association are still understudied.ObjectiveTo examine the association between AAU and the risk factors for suicide, focusing on the association between AAU and choice of suicide methods.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included data from the Korean National Investigations of Suicide Victims Study (KNIGHTS). The KNIGHTS dataset comprises nationally representative data encompassing nearly all suicide deaths in South Korea from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. The study was analyzed from November 2 to 10, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was whether decedents who died by suicide had consumed alcohol before their death. Trained investigators conducted psychological autopsies by reviewing police reports of suicide deaths. Whether the decedent who died by suicide had consumed alcohol before death was determined from 3 sources: (1) confirmation by informants, (2) autopsy reports indicating a positive blood alcohol concentration, and (3) observations from police officers. Demographic characteristics, premortem psychiatric symptoms, and suicide characteristics, including method of suicide and presumed reasons for suicide, were examined. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the contributing factors and AAU.ResultsThis study included 55 226 decedents who died by suicide (65.5% male), of whom 21 998 (39.8%) were under the influence of alcohol at the time of death. AAU was associated with being male (odds ratio [OR], 1.37 [95% CI, 1.31-1.44]); being middle aged (eg, from age 30 to 39 years: OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.06-1.35]); and having alcohol use disorder symptoms (OR, 13.28 [95% CI, 12.38-14.24]). Among suicide methods, gas, drug, and pesticide poisoning showed a positive association with AAU, with gas poisoning showing the highest OR (OR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.61-2.20]). An interaction was found between age and suicide method, with older adults (eg, aged 80 years or older) having higher odds of AAU when using methods such as drug (OR, 6.28 [95% CI, 3.53-11.17]), pesticide (OR, 6.56 [95% CI, 3.86-11.13]), and gas (OR, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.52-4.04]) poisoning.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that AAU was associated with gas poisoning, as indicated by the ORs. Given that charcoal burning involves substantial preparation time, alcohol may have been deliberately used to facilitate planned suicide attempts. Furthermore, the deaths of older adults who consumed alcohol prior to suicide, even when using less lethal methods, highlight the critical need for monitoring and effectively managing alcohol use within this population.
Luminescent Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles From Indigofera aspalathoides Vahl ex DC: A Novel Hepatoprotective Strategy for Enhancing Liver Health
Authors: Raman Sukirtha , Kasirajan Suguna , Chinnapandi Bharathiraja , Karthikeyan Kandasamy , Pandian Arjun , Chandrasekaran Kumar , Al‐Ansari Mysoon M. , Sugumar Vimal , Srinivasan P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIndigofera aspalathoides is a medicinal plant with significant traditional importance, known for its anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective properties. In this study, the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was performed using I. aspalathoides ethanolic extract and characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analytical techniques. The synthesized SeNPs were evaluated for antioxidant activity using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, cytotoxicity using the MTT assay against the MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line, and hepatoprotective potential against the HepG2 liver cancer cell line. Characterization confirmed that the SeNPs possessed a stable, spherical structure with an optimal size range of 50–80 nm, enhancing their bioavailability and biological interactions. The SeNPs demonstrated remarkable antioxidant activity, achieving 70.32% DPPH scavenging and 73.68% hydroxyl radical scavenging, significantly surpassing the activity of the plant extract alone. The hepatoprotective effects were dose dependent, with maximum protection of HepG2 liver cells observed at 88 μg/mL (100% viability), but higher concentrations (100 μg/mL) showed some cytotoxicity. These results underscore the potential of I. aspalathoides‐derived SeNPs as innovative nanomedicine solutions for addressing oxidative stress, hepatic disorders, and infections.
Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in untreated and treated sludge/biosolids from 27 water resource recovery facilities across the United States and Canada
Authors: Oza Shubhashini , Li Hui , Huang Qingguo , Norton John W. , Winchell Lloyd J. , Wells Martha J. M. , Nangle Thomas , Perez Natalia , DeLaughter Dan , Hauser Jan M. , Taylor Malcolm , English Zonetta E. , Melnyk Mike , Truong Phuong , Bell Katherine Y. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being studied in all environmental matrices because of their ubiquitous presence and adverse human health impacts. This study conducted a surveillance of 27 water resource recovery facilities throughout the United States and Canada to screen the range of PFAS concentrations in pre‐stabilized sludge and post‐stabilized product. Among the 27 water resource recovery facilities, 82% use anaerobic digestion and the rest use chemical stabilization and/or incineration for sludge stabilization. Forty PFAS compounds were evaluated by US Environmental Protection Agency Method SW846/537.1, and four and nine compounds were reported in the pre‐stabilized sludge and post‐stabilized product, respectively. Concentrations of reported compounds in pre‐stabilized sludge and post‐stabilized product varied from 5 to 33 ng/g dry basis and 2 to 220 ng/g dry basis, respectively. 3‐Perfluoropentylpropanoic acid (5:3 FTCA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were the most frequently observed compounds, and PFAS concentrations in the post‐stabilized products were generally higher than the corresponding pre‐stabilized sludge.Practitioner Points
Among the 40 target PFAS, four were above reporting limit in the pre‐stabilized sludge and nine in the post‐stabilized product.
Incineration ash (post‐stabilized product) samples did not have any reportable PFAS.
5:3 FTCA and PFOS were the two frequently observed compounds; concentrations were higher in the post‐stabilized product compared to the pre‐stabilized sludge.
PFPeA and PFHxA were the only two short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids reported.
PFOA was reported in only one of the 54 samples evaluated.
Planetary Boundaries, Polycrisis and Politics in the Anthropocene: Climate Pathways, Tipping Cascades and Transition to Sustainable Peace in Integrative Geography
Authors: Scheffran Jürgen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Buildingonconceptionsof human-nature relationships and the discourse on the limits to growth since Malthus and Marx, this chapter investigates the impacts of the “great acceleration” in humandevelopmenton planetary boundaries and the polycrisis in the Anthropocene. AnIntegrative Geography perspective connects geographical concepts of landscapeand interspace with multiple limits and pathways in the complex interaction between global expansion, multiplecrisesandgeopolitical conflicts challenging the existing world order, leading to interconnected instabilities, compounding risks and tippingcascades. Major areas of risk and conflict are highlighted, including environmental and resource conflicts, the climate-migration-conflict nexus, disastersand extreme events, the Corona crisis, the Russia-Ukraine war, impacts of violent conflict on biodiversity and ecocides. Future trends challenging the world order include the transformationof fossilcapitalism, power shifts in the North-South relationship, the influenceof social networksand civil society on democracy. To address the multiple challenges, humanity can enforce a transformationto sustainable peace, merging solution concepts and synergies to stabilize expansive human development within the available environmental space in the common house of planet earth. To balance human needs and available natural resources, an efficient, sufficient and fair use and distribution is required. A key question is whether a transition can be achieved mainly by technical innovations within the existing capitalist economy or requires societal innovations and a fundamental system change of fossilcapitalism towards a new socio-economic and political world order. Possible futures are shaped by critical thresholds between pathways of disruption and construction, conflict and cooperation, war logicand peacelogic, riskand resilience, exclusion and coexistence, identity and diversity, tradeoffs and synergies. Adaptiveand anticipative governanceintegrates social-ecological transformationand conflict transformation, sustainable and environmental peacebuilding, climatemitigationand adaptation, conflict-sensitive and resilient climate policies, climate justice and climate matching in North-South climate cooperation and the global energy transition.
Women’s Cross-Community Activities, Agonistic Dialogue and Transversal Politics in Belfast
Authors: Eitrem Holmgren Linda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter analyses women’s cross-community work in Belfast through the lens of transversal politics and agonistic dialogue. It looks at the premises of this work and how women unite and organise around an identity as women across ethno-national lines in different settings. Three types of cross-community activities are explored: educational and recreational classes; feminist activism and conflict-legacy activities. These activities tend to utilise different strategies to deal with difference—by strategically avoiding it, openly discussing it and/or employing strategic silences. As such, the chapter studies how these different types of activities relate to the practice of transversalism and agonism. The chapter also explores the possibilities and challenges of women building coalitions based on shared values and goals across the ethno-national divide.
Moving Forward–Trajectories Towards Gender-Just Transversal Citizenship in Northern Ireland
Authors: Eitrem Holmgren Linda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores how transversal politics in women’s cross-community activities in contemporary Northern Ireland can be utilised to inform a multi-tier citizenship that promotes gender-equal citizen participation. It discusses ways of moving forward—both in terms of channelling women’s voices and political grassroots work into formal politics, and by bridging the gap between the region’s feminist and women’s sectors. The impact of Brexit on women’s rights and funding for grassroots organising is problematised, together with the shrinking community space for women. The potential for legacy-based activities, constitutional conversations and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda to inspire shared learning and activism among the feminist and women’s sectors is also discussed. Different party-political and civic routes to bridging the formal/informal political divide are evaluated in terms of their potential to promote a transversal gender-just citizenship that can (a) recognise and accommodate multi-tier intersectional identities, (b) encourage multi-sited citizen participation and (c) facilitate coalitions across (ethno-national) difference.
Modellierung von Umgebungseinflüssen
Authors: Kumar Tharun Suresh , Naumann Christian , Geist Alexander , Glänzel Janine 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die Berücksichtigung der Umgebungseinflüsse ist für eine zuverlässige Analyse und Korrektur des thermischen Maschinenverhaltens ebenfalls erforderlich. Bedeutsam sind insbesondere die Temperatur der Umgebungsluft, Strahlungseinflüsse und die Fundamenttemperatur. Die Reaktion der Maschine auf eine Änderung der Umgebungseinflüsse kann simulativ über numerische Simulationen oder durch thermische Vermessung bestimmt werden. Die exakte Quantifizierung der Wärmeübertragung erfolgt über die Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten, die vereinfacht analytisch oder exakter über CFD-Simulationen berechnet werden. Das Kapitel beschreibt effiziente Wege zur Bestimmung dieser Koeffizienten und demonstriert das Vorgehen beispielhaft für die DMU 80 eVo.
Aufwandsarmer Abgleich parametrischer Maschinenmodelle: Parameterabgleich im Betrieb
Authors: Wiemer Hajo , Benesch Manfred , Müller Jens 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Viele Verfahren für die Korrektur von thermisch bedingten Ungenauigkeiten von Werkzeugmaschinen (WZM) setzen auf die Verwendung von Maschinenmodellen, welche das thermo-elastische Verhalten der realen Maschinen simulieren und auf diese Weise nicht direkt messbare thermisch induzierte Abweichungen des TCP bestimmen können. Diese simulierten Abweichungen bilden die Grundlage für die Korrekturverfahren und benötigen deswegen eine hohe Modellgüte, d. h., sie müssen dem Verhalten der realen Maschine so genau wie möglich entsprechen. Die hierfür eingesetzten Maschinenmodelle haben üblicherweise eine Vielzahl Parameter, die für eine exakte Abbildung des realen Maschinenverhaltens durch das Maschinenmodell sehr genau bestimmt werden müssen.
Rechenzeitsparende Modellierung
Authors: Vettermann Julia , Aumann Quirin , Saak Jens , Benner Peter 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Prädiktive Simulationsmodelle, die auch als digitale Zwillinge bezeichnet werden, finden sowohl in der Designphase als auch während des Betriebs von Werkzeugmaschinen zunehmend Verwendung. Für die jeweiligen Simulationen werden Teil- bzw. Gesamtmaschinenmodelle benötigt, wie sie üblicherweise in der FEM entstehen. Der Einsatz dieser hochdimensionalen Modelle ist allerdings auch mit hohen Rechenzeiten sowie großen Speicheranforderungen und einer daraus resultierenden kostenintensiven Nutzung verbunden.
Korrektur der thermischen Verlagerung rotierender Werkzeuge unter dem Einfluss verschiedener Kühlstrategien
Authors: Brier Steffen , Topinka Lukas , Regel Joachim 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Wenn die Schneide beim Fräsen in das Material eintritt, entstehen große Spannungen vor der Schneidkante und verursachen plastische Verformungen. In Folge der Kombination von plastischer Verformung und Risswachstum bildet sich ein Span. Aufgrund der hohen Spannungen, kleinen Verformungen und der Reibung zwischen dem abgetrennten Material an Haupt- und Nebenschneide wird im Bereich der Schneidkanten des Werkzeugs eine erhebliche Energiemenge in Form von Wärme dissipiert.
Demonstrator Motorspindel
Authors: Neus Stephan , Steinert Alexander , Brecher Christian 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die Motorspindel ist ein aus thermischer Sicht hoch komplexes System, dessen Beschreibung eine ganzheitliche Modellierung und die Berücksichtigung aller relevanten Randbedingungen erfordert. An einer beispielhaften Motorspindel kann gezeigt werden, wie durch das Zusammenspiel entsprechender Teilmodelle zur Beschreibung der jeweiligen Randbedingungen eine Simulationsumgebung geschaffen wird, die das komplexe Systemverhalten einer Motorspindel abbilden kann.
Der Elektroantrieb als thermo-energetische Blackbox
Authors: Winkler Stefan , Werner Ralf 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Elektrische Antriebe in Werkzeugmaschinen können mehrere Kilowatt Verlustleistung erzeugen. Für die Bestimmung der thermisch bedingten Verlagerung des TCP einer Werkzeugmaschine ist daher die Modellierung der Antriebsverluste und die daraus resultierende Erwärmung unerlässlich. Leider sind meist nicht alle hierfür erforderlichen Parameter der Motoren bekannt. Es wird daher gezeigt, welche Annahmen zur Parameterabschätzung getroffen werden können und wie diese die Genauigkeit der Modelle beeinflussen.
Thermische Modellierung von Verbindungsstellen
Authors: Helmig Thorsten , Al-Sibai Faruk , Kneer Reinhold 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Das thermische Verhalten von Werkzeugmaschinen wird durch die Modellierung thermischer Randbedingungen und deren Einfluss auf die Temperaturverteilung in den Bauteilen beschrieben. Ein zentraler Aspekt sind Kontaktwärmeübergänge, bei denen die reale Kontaktfläche durch Oberflächenrauigkeiten stark reduziert ist, was zu einem thermischen Widerstand und einem Temperatursprung führt. Dieser wird durch Anpressdruck, fluide Zwischenmedien und Krümmung der Kontaktflächen beeinflusst. Numerische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zeigen, dass analytische Ansätze, wie die von Mikic (1974), den Kontaktwärmeübergang häufig überschätzen, insbesondere bei höheren Lasten. Experimente verdeutlichen den Einfluss von Oberflächenrauigkeit und Zwischenmedien, wobei numerische Modelle realere Ergebnisse liefern, wenn sie präzise Oberflächenstrukturen einbeziehen. Der makroskopische und mikroskopische Widerstand tragen gleichermaßen zum Gesamtwärmewiderstand bei. Die Erkenntnisse bieten wertvolle Ansätze zur Optimierung des Wärmetransports in Werkzeugmaschinen, insbesondere durch den gezielten Einsatz von Anpressdruck und Zwischenmedien.