bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Area‐deprivation, social care spending and the rates of children in care proceedings in local authorities in England
Authors: Doebler Stefanie , Broadhurst Karen , Alrouh Bachar , Cusworth Linda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper examined relationships between area‐level deprivation, local authorities' social care expenditure and the rates of children entering care proceedings in England using a novel data linkage of de‐identified records provided by the Children and Family Court Advisory Service (Cafcass). Using structural equation modelling, the authors found strong positive relationships between socioeconomic area deprivation and high rates of children undergoing care proceedings in England between 2015 and 2019. Preventative social care expenditure is associated with lower child rates when adjusting for deprivation. Our findings suggest that deprived and underfunded local authorities respond to an increased need by prioritizing care arrangements.
Perceptual learning of random acoustic patterns: Impact of temporal regularity and attention
Authors: Ringer Hanna , Schröger Erich , Grimm Sabine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPerceptual learning is a powerful mechanism to enhance perceptual abilities and to form robust memory representations of previously unfamiliar sounds. Memory formation through repeated exposure takes place even for random and complex acoustic patterns devoid of semantic content. The current study sought to scrutinise how perceptual learning of random acoustic patterns is shaped by two potential modulators: temporal regularity of pattern repetition and listeners' attention. To this end, we adapted an established implicit learning paradigm and presented short acoustic sequences that could contain embedded repetitions of a certain sound segment (i.e., pattern) or not. During each experimental block, one repeating pattern recurred across multiple trials, whereas the other patterns were presented in only one trial. During the presentation of sound sequences that contained either temporally regular or jittered within‐trial pattern repetitions, participants' attention was directed either towards or away from the auditory stimulation. Overall, we found a memory‐related modulation of the event‐related potential (ERP) and an increase in inter‐trial phase coherence for patterns that recurred across multiple trials (compared to non‐recurring patterns), accompanied by a performance increase in a (within‐trial) repetition detection task when listeners attended the sounds. Remarkably, we show a memory‐related ERP effect even for the first pattern occurrence per sequence when participants attended the sounds, but not when they were engaged in a visual distractor task. These findings suggest that learning of unfamiliar sound patterns is robust against temporal irregularity and inattention, but attention facilitates access to established memory representations upon first occurrence within a sequence.
Egalitarian sympathies? Adam Smith and Sophie de Grouchy on inequality and social order
Authors: Douglass Robin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article analyses Adam Smith's and Sophie de Grouchy's accounts of sympathy to show how they arrive at strikingly different views on whether inequality is a threat to, or precondition of, social order. Where many scholars have recently sought to recover Smith's egalitarianism, I instead focus on how his account of sympathy in The Theory of Moral Sentiments naturalises socioeconomic inequalities, while also highlighting the wider inegalitarian implications of his analysis. I demonstrate that Grouchy was alert to these implications and reveal how her own account of sympathy challenges the moral psychology underlying Smith's position on inequality. By reconstructing Grouchy's response to Smith, I illustrate how retrieving the insights of long‐overlooked thinkers can reorient the way we understand key debates in the history of philosophy, since Grouchy was far more concerned than Smith with exposing how economic inequality imperils the prospects of relating to one another as equals.
Ezogabine impacts seizures and development in patients with KCNQ2 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Knight Devon , Mahida Sonal , Kelly Mckenna , Poduri Annapurna , Olson Heather E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetic variants in KCNQ2 are associated with a range of epilepsies, from self‐ limited (familial) neonatal‐infantile epilepsy to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from eight patients with KCNQ2‐related DEE who were treated with ezogabine. Treatment was initiated at a median age of 8 months (range, 7 weeks to 2.5 years) and continued for a median of 2.6 years (range, 7 months to 4.5 years). Five individuals had daily seizures at baseline and experienced at least 50% seizure reduction with treatment, sustained in four. One individual with two to four yearly seizures improved to rare events. Two individuals were seizure‐free; treatment targeted cognition and development. Developmental improvements were reported in all eight patients. Weaning of ezogabine was associated with increased seizure frequency (N = 4), agitation and irritability (N = 2), poor sleep (N = 1), and developmental regression (N = 2). These data suggest that treatment with ezogabine is effective at reducing seizure burden and is associated with improved development. Minimal side effects were observed. Weaning was associated with increased seizures and behavioral disturbances in a subset. An approach targeting potassium channel dysfunction with ezogabine is warranted in patients with KCNQ2‐related DEE.
Progressive search personalization and privacy protection using federated learning
Authors: Sarkar Sagnik , Agrawal Shaashwat , Chowdhuri Aditi , Ramani S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPersonalized search comes under recommendation systems which provide more user‐focused query results. Applications such as movie recommendations, document recommendations, and so forth are using machine learning algorithms to suggest user‐tailored content. These algorithms train on historical user query data and predict documents based on user preferences. The existing methodologies on personalization have shown two main limitations: privacy concerns over the usage of personal data and a lack of efficient personalizing strategies for better accuracy and overall standardization. In this paper, we propose a novel federated learning (FL) algorithm for personalized search results using temporal characteristics of the user query data. Individual user query data is used for developing specific client models while the aggregate of such models is developed for general search suggestions. The introduction of time‐series interpretation of queries provides for larger training data as well as a better understanding of a user's current needs and intent. The proposed algorithm is validated using the AOL4PS dataset and is evaluated on the efficiency of personalization, and the amount of data and time required to achieve the results. Its performance is compared with existing state‐of‐the‐art personalization algorithms that utilize deep learning and FL. Mean reciprocal rank (MRR) is the primary metric for measuring the algorithm's performance. After training for 35 federated rounds, the server model yielded an MRR score of 0.8638 while the client models were able to yield an average MRR score of 0.9308.
Criterion validity of the health assessment questionnaire for the national screening program for older adults in Japan: The SONIC study
Authors: Hori Noriko , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Masui Yukie , Yoshida Yuko , Inagaki Hiroki , Ito Kae , Ishioka Yoshiko L. , Nakagawa Takeshi , Ogawa Madoka , Kabayama Mai , Kamide Kei , Ikebe Kazunori , Arai Yasumichi , Gondo Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2023

AimIn our previous study, we proposed that the total score of the 12 frailty‐related items in the health assessment questionnaire for the national screening program for older adults could be used as an indicator of frailty. We aim to examine the criterion validity of the 12 frailty‐related items for frailty.MethodsThe data used in this study were from older Japanese individuals aged 78–81 years (n = 461) who participated in the in‐venue (2019) and mailed questionnaire (2020) surveys of the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians study. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the criterion validity of the 12 frailty‐related items for frailty defined based on the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the independent association of the 12 frailty‐related items with frailty.ResultsThe area under the ROC curve of the scores of the 12 frailty‐related items for frailty was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73–0.85, P < 0.001). The cut‐off value for frailty was 3 and 4 points, and the sensitivity and specificity were 55.9% and 85.8%, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression model showed that four or more scores of the 12 frailty‐related items were significantly associated with frailty (adjusted odds ratio = 7.75, 95% CI = 4.10–14.65, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the 12 frailty‐related items in the health assessment questionnaire for older adults may be useful for assessing frailty in community‐dwelling older adults in a simplified manner. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 437–443.
When interruptions can boost sales: An on‐line versus memory‐based perspective
Authors: Xu Lina , Niculescu Mihai , Hyman Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConsumer research about interruptions either assumes interruption homogeneity or single‐product evaluations. To remedy these problematic assumptions, this research explores the interplay between different interruption features (i.e., timing, frequency, and duration) and information processing modes (i.e., on‐line versus memory‐based) through the lens of impression formation theory. Two experiments show overall evaluations and purchase intentions for single products are highly sensitive to interruption features. For bundled products, this sensitivity disappears, and overall evaluations and purchase intentions remain stable regardless of the interruption's features. These results explain why unexpected marketing outcomes associated with frequent later and short interruptions or one early interruption during a decision process always induce better single‐product evaluations. These results also suggest several salesperson‐customer interaction strategies for practitioners.
Micronutrient retention in high oleic palm oil: effect of refining technique
Authors: Widigdo Iman , Sukarno Wahyu , Christianti Isti , Wassell Paul 
Published: April 2023

SummaryRetention of micronutrients in high oleic palm oil (HOPO) was evaluated by comparing two methods; standard refining (260 °C) and modified refining (160, 180, 200 °C). Tocopherol analysis showed that α‐tocopherol loss during standard refining was relatively low for both refined bleached and deodorised (RBD) PO control (10%) and RBDHOPO (2%). On the contrary, the carotene loss for both RBDPO control and RBDHOPO in standard refining methods was 99% (1.9 and 5.9 ppm, detected). Modified refining temperatures, can maintain up to 99% more carotenes than standard refining. Applying modified refining to RBDHOPO retains ~78%–83% more carotene than regular RBDPO. This examination shows, suitably processed RBDHOPO has the capability for producing a red palm oil (RPO), enriched with carotenoid for provitamin A function.
RETRACTED: The effect of the use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis compared with non‐use for stented distal hypospadias repair wound: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Ruipeng , Wan Li , Yi Zhengjin , Luo Yun , Wei Xupan , Wang Shubin , Xiao Chuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis investigation to measure the influence of the usage of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (POP) compared with non‐usage for stented distal hypospadias repair (SDHR). A comprehensive literature inspection till February 2023 was applied and 1067 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 10 chosen investigations enclosed 1398 individuals with SDHR in the chosen investigations starting point, 812 of them were using POP, and 586 were not using POP. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compute the value of the effect of the usage of POP compared with non‐usage for SDHR by the dichotomous and continuous approaches and a fixed or random model. No significant difference was found between individuals using POP and not using POP in posthypospadias repair problem (PRP) (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.42–2.34, P = .97) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 69%), posthypospadias repair infection problem (PRIP) (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.30–1.06, P = .08) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 15%), and overall composite posthypospadias repair wound healing associated problem (OCPRWHAP) (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.61–2.63, P = .53) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 59%) for SDHR. No significant difference was found between individuals using POP and not using POP in PRP, PRIP, and OCPRWHAP for SDHR. However, cautilised of the small sample sizes of several chosen investigations for this meta‐analysis, care must be exercised when dealing with its values, for example, the low P‐value of the PRIP.
Proximal femoral nail anti‐rotation vs dynamic hip screws decrease the incidence of surgical site infections in patients with intertrochanteric fractures: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dai Peijun , Zhou Huipeng , Mao Xiaoyu , Liu Chang , Wang Zhiwei , Kang Yifan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, a meta‐analysis was conducted to comprehensively analyse the effectiveness of using proximal femoral nail anti‐rotation (PFNA) and dynamic hip screws (DHS) to treat intertrochanteric fractures on postoperative surgical site infections (SSI). PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases were searched from their inception until December 2022 to identify studies that compared PFNA and DHS in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Two investigators independently screened the retrieved studies to assess their quality and verify their eligibility for inclusion. Meta‐analyses were performed with RevMan 5.4 software. Thirty studies, including 3158 patients, met the inclusion criteria. These studies included 1574 patients treated with PFNA, and 1584 were treated with DHS. The findings of the meta‐analysis revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of SSI in patients treated with PFNA compared with those treated with DHS (2.64% vs 6.76%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.40, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.28–0.57, P < .001), superficial SSI (2.58% vs 5.01%, OR: 0.53, 95% CIs: 0.33–0.85, P = .008) and deep SSI (1.26% vs 3.43%, OR: 0.41, 95% CIs: 0.19–0.92, P = .03). PFNA was more effective than DHS in reducing the incidence of SSI. Even so, significant variations in sample sizes among the included studies meant that the methodology for some studies had qualitative deficiencies. Therefore, additional studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate these results.
Three bond modes of basic refractories used for Ruhrstahl Heraeus degassing process
Authors: Guo Zongqi , Dai Yajie , Chen Jiahui , Lei Zhongxing , Gao Jianying , Yuan Wenjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMagnesia–spinel brick and unburnt periclase–spinel–Al brick are being employed as a substitution of traditional magnesia–chrome brick in the chromium‐free campaign of lining materials in Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) degasser. These three materials are investigated, in terms of physical properties, corrosion resistance and flexibility by wedge splitting test. Tracking their physical alterations and chemical reactions through burning or heating, three bond modes are discovered. Magnesia–chrome brick is subject to a series of phase transformation with rising temperature to yield a liquid envelop around chromite‐ore particles, to further form porous rim while liquid is gradually absorbed by surrounding magnesia and eventually to precipitate secondary chromite spinel lied between magnesia particles by thoroughly dissociating chrome ore. The precipitated chromite spinel functions as the featured bond that enhances hot strength and corrosion resistance to slag, and additionally liquid coexistence improves the flexibility. The direct bond mode of magnesia particles in magnesia–spinel brick endures slag penetration by immanent character of MgO. Spinel incorporation in magnesia effectively improves thermal shock resistance. Due to minor negative value of permanent linear change after reheating, further sintering (densifying) in using at high temperature would bring a risk of loosening and open joints of magnesia–spinel lining. While used in RH degasser, unburnt periclase–spinel–Al bricks undergo a miraculous process of metallic Al melting, gaseous AlN and AlON formation, MgAlON whiskers germination combined with gaseous Mg reduced, and micron‐size whisker network bond domination in their matrix. Such a whisker‐network bond renders the material a successful eco‐friendly alternative to magnesia–chrome refractory.
Simulation of flash flood peaks in a small and steep catchment using rain‐on‐grid technique
Authors: Godara Nitesh , Bruland Oddbjørn , Alfredsen Knut 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe frequency of extreme events is increasing as the consequences of climate change. In steep terrains, flash floods with high‐flow velocities induce erosion and sedimentation with potentially disastrous changes of flood path. Hence, the analysis of flash floods in steep terrains in terms of inundation area and flow‐velocity to identify critical points becomes more important. The output of a flood simulation with a traditional hydrologic model provides the flood hydrograph which must be combined with a hydraulic model for downstream consequences. In small and steep catchments, the inflow contribution from every section of the water course can be important to determine where critical conditions may arise. In this study, rain‐on‐grid technique in the hydraulic model Telemac‐2D is used to simulate flash‐flood peaks with spatially distributed precipitation as input in a small and steep catchment in western Norway. Seven events were simulated and sensitivity tests on parameters were conducted. A 200‐year design flood was simulated to show the potential consequences in the catchment. The results show that calibrated models can satisfactorily reproduce peak flows and produce relevant information about water velocities and inundation which decision makers can use for mitigation measures. The paper explores the benefits and limitations through a description of model construction, calibration, and test of sensitivities.
Figuring out how to participate in the system: Using reflexive feminist autoethnography to explore intersectional experiences in the professional and political spheres of academia
Authors: Mitchell Sarah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe practice of critically reflexive feminist autoethnography—or connecting one's personal experiences and beliefs to professional and political processes—can be a challenging and often invisible process. Nonetheless, it is a method worthy of engagement, given the impact one's positionality often has on one's scholarship. In this article, I reflect on how I understand myself as an intersectional Black, bisexual woman. Furthermore, I discuss the ways in which the personal relates to my professional and political academic life. In making broader connections to larger societal forces, I discuss how I came to study diverse individuals and families with intersecting identities and outline my struggles with my own academic growth and scholastic improvement. I also unpack the uncertainties I have faced in attempting to find my place in academia. Finally, for other intersectional scholars, I offer some suggestions for self‐reflection on research and practice within the academy.
Optimal concentration of Lugol's solution for detecting early esophageal carcinoma: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Qu Jun‐yan , Li Yan , Liu Guan‐qun , Li Zhen , Zhong Ning , Zhang Ming‐ming , Li Yue‐yue , Yu Tao , Lu Xue‐feng , Li Li‐xiang , Liu Han , Qi Qing‐qing , Li Yan‐qing , Zuo Xiu‐li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimLugol chromoendoscopy is the standard technique to detect an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, a high concentration of Lugol's solution can induce mucosal injury and adverse events. We aimed to investigate the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution to reduce mucosal injury and adverse events without degrading image quality.MethodsThis was a two‐phase double‐blind randomized controlled trial. In phase I, 200 eligible patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and then were randomly (1:1:1:1:1) sprayed with 1.2%, 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.6%, or 0.4% Lugol's solution. Image quality, gastric mucosal injury, adverse events, and operation satisfaction were compared to investigate the minimal effective concentration. In phase II, 42 cases of endoscopic mucosectomy for early ESCC were included. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the minimal effective (0.6%) or conventional (1.2%) concentration of Lugol's solution for further comparison of the effectiveness.ResultsIn phase I, the gastric mucosal injury was significantly reduced in 0.6% group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in image quality between 0.6% and higher concentrations of Lugol's solution (P > 0.05, respectively). It also showed that the operation satisfaction decreased in 1.2% group compared with the lower concentration groups (P < 0.05). In phase II, the complete resection rate was 100% in both groups, while 0.6% Lugol's solution showed higher operation satisfaction (W = 554.500, P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe study indicates that 0.6% might be the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution for early detection and delineation of ESCC, considering minimal mucosal injury and satisfied image. The registry of clinical trials: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03180944).