bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Thin Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap: An Adipocutaneous Flap with the Most Superficial Elevation Plane
Authors: Cha Han Gyu , Hur Joon , Ahn Chris , Hong Joon Pio (Jp) , Suh Hyunsuk Peter 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Although many efforts have been made to create thinner anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps, their thickness varies among patients and may be still too thick to match the shallow defects. We successfully harvested an ALT flap through the most superficial elevation plane, the superficial fat layer, which was useful to match the shallow defects.

Methods:
All patients who underwent ALT free flap reconstruction for upper and lower distal extremity defects were divided into groups by ALT flap elevation plane retrospectively (thin, above the deep fascia; super-thin, at the superficial fascia; and ultra-thin, through the superficial fat). Preoperative CT angiography and duplex ultrasonography planning were done in all patients. Anatomical characteristics of donor subcutaneous tissue and surgical details, including flap thickness, size, and incidence of flap necrosis were compared among the groups and between sexes.

Results:
The average deep and superficial fascial depths were 16.7 and 10.8 mm, 12.5 and 8.2 mm, and 9.1 and 5.6 mm (p<0.05), and the average flap thickness was 5.8 mm, 7.9 mm, and 7.8 mm (p=0.29) in the ultra-thin, super-thin, and thin ALT groups, respectively. No significant intergroup differences existed in flap size or complications. The deep and superficial fascia were located significantly deeper in females (9.4 and 6.0 mm in males, 14.9 and 9.6 mm in females, respectively).

Conclusions:
With precise preoperative planning, the most superficially elevated ultra-thin ALT flap can achieve optimal reconstructions of thin body areas. Females with thicker thigh and patients with a high BMI would benefit from this flap.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and HIV: analysis of a province-wide cohort during 2018 and 2019
Authors: Slogrove Amy L. , Davies Mary-Ann , Phelanyane Florence , De Beer Shani , Theron Gerhard , Williams Paige L. , Abrams Elaine J. , Cotton Mark F. , Boulle Andrew 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
We evaluated the prevalence of de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (dnHDP) in pregnant people with HIV (PPHIV) in the Western Cape Province, South Africa in 2018–2019 by HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) status.

Methods:
All people with a pregnancy outcome from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019 in the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre (WCPHDC) were included. The WCPHDC integrates data from multiple electronic platforms according to unique identifiers. dnHDP was classified by ICD-10 code or first-time prescription of antihypertensive drugs less than 140 days before delivery. Pregnant people with preexisting hypertension without superimposed preeclampsia/eclampsia were not considered to have dnHDP. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for dnHDP by HIV/ART status were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance.

Results:
Among 180 553 pregnant people studied, 13 677 (7.6%) had dnHDP and 33 978 (18.8%) were PPHIV. Among PPHIV, 11.3% (N = 3827) had no evidence of ART, 59.7% (N = 20 283) initiated ART preconception and 29.0% (N = 9868) had ART initiated during pregnancy. Compared to those without HIV (7.7%), dnHDP prevalence was lower in PPHIV with preconception [6.9%; aPR 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.83] or pregnancy-initiated ART (7.0%; aPR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75–0.92) and higher in PPHIV without ART (9.8%; aPR 1.17; 95% CI 1.06–1.29) adjusted for maternal age, multiparity, multigestation pregnancy and preexisting hypertension. ART duration by delivery of at least 100 weeks versus pregnancy-initiated ART of 20–<40 weeks was protective (aPR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78–0.98).

Conclusions:
In the context of universal ART, these findings are reassuring for most PPHIV. ART was not associated with increased dnHDP prevalence and longer ART duration was protective.
Hitting the mark: probing at the initiation site allows for accurate prediction of a thin shell’s buckling load
Authors: Cuccia Nicholas L. , Kumar Yadav Kshitij , Serlin Marec , Virot Emmanuel , Gerasimidis Simos , Rubinstein Shmuel M. 
Published: February 2023

Geometric imperfections are understood to play an essential part in the buckling of a thin shell, but how multiple defects interact to control the onset of failure remains unclear. Here, we examine the failure of real cylindrical shells by experimentally poking soda cans with a large imparted dimple. By high-speed imaging of the can’s surface, the initiation of buckling from axial loading is directly observed, revealing that larger dimples tend to set the initial buckling location. However, the influence of the shell’s background geometric imperfections can still occasionally dominate, causing initiation to occur far from the dimple. In this situation, probing at the dimple leads to an over-prediction of the axial capacity. Using finite-element simulations, we understand our experimental results as a competition between the large dimple and the shell’s inherent defect structure. In our simulations, we empirically observe a deformation-based criterion that connects the ideal poking location to the initiation site.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Probing and dynamics of shock sensitive shells’.
Use of machine learning for triage and transfer of ICU patients in the Covid-19 pandemic period: Scope Review
Authors: Graça Lia Da , Padrini Lucio , Moraes Richarlisson , Rodrigues Anacleta , Fernandes Hugo , de Lima Alexandre Barbosa , Taminato Monica 
Published: February 2023

SummaryObjectiveTo map, summarize and analyze the available studies on the use of artificial intelligence, for both triage and transfer of patients in intensive care units in situations of bed shortage crisis so that health teams and organizations make decisions based on updated technological tools of triage and transfer.MethodsScope review made in the databases Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS, Scielo, IEEE, ACM and the novel Rayyan Covid database were searched. Supplementary studies were searched in the references of the identified primary studies. The time restriction is from 2020, and there was no language restriction. All articles aiming at the use of machine learning within the field of artificial intelligence in healthcare were included, as well as studies using data analysis for triage and reallocation of elective patients to ICU vacancies within the specific context of crises, pandemics, and Covid-19 outbreak. Studies involving readmission of patients were excluded.ResultsThe results excluded specific triage such as oncological patients, emergency room, telemedicine and non structured data.ConclusionMachine learning can help ICU triage, bed management and patient transfer with the use of artificial intelligence in situations of crisis and outbreaks.DescriptorsArtificial Intelligence. Machine learning. Intensive Care Units. Triage. Patient Transfer. COVID-19.
Control of coronary lymphangiogenesis by epicardial VEGFC/D
Authors: de la Cruz Ester , Cadenas Vanessa , Temiño Susana , Oliver Guillermo , Torres Miguel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe contractile ability of the mammalian heart critically relies on blood coronary circulation, essential to provide oxygen and nutrients to myocardial cells. In addition, the lymphatic vasculature is essential for the myocardial immune response, extracellular fluid homeostasis and response to injury. Recent studies identified different origins of coronary lymphatic endothelial cells, however, the cues that govern coronary lymphangiogenesis remain unknown. Here we show that the coronary lymphatic vasculature develops in intimate contact with the epicardium and with epicardial-derived cells. The epicardium expresses the lymphangiogenic cytokine VEGFC and its conditional elimination from the epicardium abrogates coronary lymphatic vasculature development. Interestingly, VEGFD is also expressed in the epicardium and cooperates with VEGFC in coronary lymphangiogenesis, but it does so only in females, uncovering an unsuspected sex-specific role for this cytokine. These results identify a role for the epicardium/subepicardium as a signalling niche required for coronary lymphangiogenesis and VEGFC/D as essential mediators of this role.
Collagen co-localised with macrovesicular steatosis for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Wang Xiao-Xiao , Jin Rui , Li Xiao-He , Yang Qiang , Teng Xiao , Liu Fang-Fang , Wu Nan , Rao Hui-Ying , Liu Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a commonly occurring liver disease; however, its exact pathogenesis is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the progression of steatosis and fibrosis by examining their distribution, morphology, and co-localisation in NAFLD animal models. qSteatosis showed a good correlation with steatosis grade (R:0.823–0.953,P<0.05) and demonstrated high performance (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.617–1) in all six mouse models. Based on their high correlation with histological scoring, qFibrosis containing four shared parameters were selected to create a linear model that could accurately identify differences among fibrosis stages (AUC: 0.725–1). qFibrosis co-localised with macrosteatosis generally correlated better with histological scoring and had a higher AUC in all six animal models (AUC: 0.846–1). Quantitative assessment using second-harmonic generation/two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging technology can be used to monitor different types of steatoses and fibrosis progression in NAFLD models. The collagen co-localised with macrosteatosis could better differentiate fibrosis progression and might aid in developing a more reliable and translatable fibrosis evaluation tool for animal models of NAFLD.
Targeting GDF15 as a potential therapy for low back pain originating from endplate
Authors: Li Xiaoqun , Wu Jinhui , Kong Qingjie , Hu Miao , Wei Ziheng , Jiang Heng , Zhang Zheng , Gao Runze , Zhou Xuhui , Ma Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe overactivation of osteoclasts in the endplate is one of the most important causes of low back pain (LBP) originating from endplate. Transforming growth factor-β family has been demonstrated to play an important role during osteoclast differentiation. GDF15 was reported to participate in several pathological states. In this study, we reported that the lumbar spine instability (LSI) induced the overactivation of osteoclasts and CD31hiEmcnhiendothelial vessels in the bony endplate. In addition, the expression of GDF15 in human disc samples and mice models were also increased. GDF15 could promote the fusion of preosteoclasts via Rac1/Cdc42/PAK/Cofilin axis, and facilitate the angiogenesis via the secretion of PDGF-BB. Furthermore, we proved that the GDF15 inhibitor, CTL-002 could reduce the expression of GDF15 in the endplate and alleviate the overactivation of osteoclasts and CD31hiEmcnhiendothelial vessels induced by LSI in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that GDF15 could regulates the fusion of preosteoclasts and targeting GDF15 in the endplate served as a novel anabolic therapy for low back pain treatment.
Efficient megakaryopoiesis and platelet production require phospholipid remodeling and PUFA uptake through CD36
Authors: Barrachina Maria N , Pernes Gerard , Becker Isabelle C , Allaeys Isabelle , Hirsch Thomas I. , Groeneveld Dafna J , Khan Abdullah O. , Freire Daniela , Guo Karen , Carminita Estelle , Morgan Pooranee K , Collins Thomas J , Mellett Natalie A , Wei Zimu , Almazni Ibrahim , Italiano Joseph E. , Luyendyk James , Meikle Peter J , Puder Mark , Morgan Neil V. , Boilard Eric , Murphy Andrew J , Machlus Kellie R 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTLipids contribute to hematopoiesis and membrane properties and dynamics, however, little is known about the role of lipids in megakaryopoiesis. Here, a lipidomic analysis of megakaryocyte progenitors, megakaryocytes, and platelets revealed a unique lipidome progressively enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids. In vitro, inhibition of both exogenous fatty acid functionalization and uptake and de novo lipogenesis impaired megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet production. In vivo, mice on a high saturated fatty acid diet had significantly lower platelet counts, which was prevented by eating a PUFA-enriched diet. Fatty acid uptake was largely dependent on CD36, and its deletion in mice resulted in thrombocytopenia. Moreover, patients with a CD36 loss-of-function mutation exhibited thrombocytopenia and increased bleeding. Our results suggest that fatty acid uptake and regulation is essential for megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production, and that changes in dietary fatty acids may be a novel and viable target to modulate platelet counts.
A genome-wide nucleosome-resolution map of promoter-centered interactions in human cells corroborates the enhancer-promoter looping model
Authors: Golov Arkadiy K. , Gavrilov Alexey A. , Kaplan Noam , Razin Sergey V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe enhancer-promoter looping model, in which enhancers activate their target genes via physical contact, has long dominated the field of gene regulation. However, the ubiquity of this model has been questioned due to evidence of alternative mechanisms and the lack of its systematic validation, primarily owing to the absence of suitable experimental techniques. In this study, we present a new MNase-based proximity ligation method called MChIP-C, allowing for the measurement of protein-mediated chromatin interactions at single-nucleosome resolution on a genome-wide scale. By applying MChIP-C to study H3K4me3 promoter-centered interactions in K562 cells, we found that it had greatly improved resolution and sensitivity compared to restriction endonuclease-based C-methods. This allowed us to identify EP300 histone acetyltransferase and the SWI/SNF remodeling complex as potential candidates for establishing and/or maintaining enhancer-promoter interactions. Finally, leveraging data from published CRISPRi screens, we found that most functionally-verified enhancers do physically interact with their cognate promoters, supporting the enhancer-promoter looping model.
A review of computational studies on trapped vortex combustors for gas turbine applications
Authors: Surya Narayanan Subramanian , K.M. Parammasivam 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate the progress in the development of trapped vortex combustors (TVCs) in the past three decades. The review aims to identify the needs, predict the scope and discuss the challenges of numerical simulations in TVCs applied to gas turbines.

Design/methodology/approach
TVC is an emerging combustion technology for achieving low emissions in gas turbine combustors. The overall operation of such TVCs can be on very lean mixture ratio and hence it helps in achieving high combustion efficiency and low overall emission levels. This review introduces the TVC concept and the evolution of this technology in the past three decades. Various geometries that were explored in TVC research are listed and their operating principles are explained. The review then categorically arranges the progress in computational studies applied to TVCs.

Findings
Analyzing extensive literature on TVCs the review discusses results of numerical simulations of various TVC geometries. Numerical simulations that were used to optimize TVC geometry and to enhance mixing are discussed. Reactive flow studies to comprehend flame stability and emission characteristics are then listed for different TVC geometries.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is the first of its kind to discuss extensively the computational progress in TVC development specific to gas turbine engines. Earlier review on TVC covers a wide variety of applications including land-based gas turbines, supersonic Ramjets, incinerators and hence compromise on the depth of analysis given to gas turbine engine applications. This review also comprehensively group the numerical studies based on geometry, flow and operating conditions.
Do direct and indirect network externalities matter? Unpacking the causal antecedents of perceived gratifications and user loyalty toward mobile social media
Authors: Pang Hua 
Published: February 2023

PurposeBy building and examining an integral model, the principal objectives of this research are to systematically explore how indirect and direct network externalities lead to user loyalty toward WeChat through the mediating effect of perceived gratifications.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through an online survey of 688 young people in Mainland China. To empirically assess the conceptual model, zero-order correlation analyses and structural equation modeling were carried out utilizing web-based data.FindingsPath analysis results demonstrate that indirect network externalities and direct network externalities exert a significant impact on users' hedonic gratifications and utilitarian gratifications. Moreover, the study discovers the significant mediating influences of utilitarian gratifications on the association between indirect network externalities and user loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsTheoretically, this article may extend the scope of diverse studies on the association between network externalities and perceived gratifications and offer fresh insights into how mobile social media could actually improve user loyalty through enhancing perceived values among younger generation. Practically, this research assists mobile social media practitioners in retaining users and gaining competitive advantages over rival applications.Originality/valueAlthough the extraordinary growth of WeChat has successfully become the dominant media by which individuals develop interpersonal network and contact with others, the roles of perceived gratifications between network externalities and user loyalty toward WeChat have not yet been investigated in depth. These obtained outcomes not only enrich the existing literature regarding the relationship between network externalities and affective response, but also offer fresh insights to mobile social media designers, marketers and users.
Effects of the host-country institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises
Authors: Wang Zhixiu , Shi Lifeng , Cui Haiqian 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe operation mode of enterprises will affect its resource commitment in the host country, involving different costs and time, as well as risks. Yet, the current state of knowledge about how the institutional environment affects the operation mode change of international construction enterprises is equivocal. This study aims to explore the impact of a host country's institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this study proposes a model on the impact of the institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises. Second, this study used the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) published by the World Bank and a questionnaire survey to collect data. Finally, the study employs a multiple regression methodology to test the hypothesis and discusses the results.FindingsResults highlight that the important impact of the institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises. The results showed that enterprises are more willing to increase resource commitments under the condition of stable institutional environment. In addition, enterprises' market-specific experience and general international experience, as moderating variables, weaken the impact of the institutional environment on the operation mode change. However, general international experience has no significant moderating effect.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide practical implications for the investment risk assessment of international construction enterprises. Enterprises need to consider the change in institutional quality and institutional instability of the host country, as well as their own international experience when changing operation mode.Originality/valueThis study extends internationalization theory to the international construction field and provided theoretical guidance for the mechanism of operation mode change of international construction enterprises.
Determinants and consequences of maqashid sharia performance: evidence from Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Taufik Muhammad , Muhammad Rifqi , Nugraheni Peni 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine how sharia supervisory board (SSB) characteristics are determinants of the maqashid sharia performance (MSP) of Islamic banks (IBs) and how MSP has implications for profitability and for profit-sharing investment account holders (PSIAHs).

Design/methodology/approach
MSP is ascertained by semi-structured interviews. The SSB characteristics measured are size, cross-membership, education level, expertise, reputation, rotation and remuneration. Annual reports of Indonesian and Malaysian IBs from 2010 to 2018 are analysed using panel data regression.

Findings
In Indonesia, SSB education level attenuates MSP, while other characteristics have only minor influence. However, in Malaysia, SSB size, education and reputation reinforce MSP, while others are ineffective. MSP in both countries is pseudo-Islamic; so their customers ignore religiosity. However, MSP in Malaysia can improve profitability because sharia assurance is more transparent; meanwhile, MSP in Indonesia cannot improve profitability because sharia assurance is less transparent.

Practical implications
In order for MSP to improve in Indonesia, the regulators need to increase SSB size, reduce cross-membership and arrange the format for sharia assurance in SSB reports, while IBs need to increase SSB education and expertise.

Originality/value
MSP is constructed in accordance with legal and social requirements to achieve IBs’ Islamic, economic, social and ethical objectives. Resource dependence theory is used to evaluate SSB, while PSIAH and profitability are investigated to demonstrate the impact of MSP. Finally, comparing SSB capabilities in Indonesia and Malaysia could be beneficial to regulatory and IB policies.
Overcoming the digital transformation paradoxes: a digital affordance perspective
Authors: Qin Ruisheng 
Published: February 2023

PurposeExisting studies have been conducted to explain the process of digital transformation. This work aims to identify the paradoxes encountered by companies in undertaking digital transformation and the role of digital affordances in overcoming these paradoxes.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses rich empirical data from four traditional Chinese manufacturers that have successfully achieved digital transformation to explain how companies can overcome the digital transformation paradox with the help of digital affordances.FindingsThe authors identify the paradoxes that traditional companies encounter when carrying out data transformation based on the experience of four Chinese traditional manufacturing enterprises that have successfully achieved digital transformation – the paradox of flexibility and stability of organization structure, the paradox of cost and profit and the paradox of perception between executives and employees. Based on this, we propose three digital affordances that play an important role in overcoming the digital transformation paradoxes – digital decentralization, digital agility and digital citizenship.Originality/valueThis study identifies three forms of critical digital affordances and introduces citizenship into digital transformation contexts.