bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) predation on adult anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Källo Kristi , Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Jepsen Niels , Aarestrup Kim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe increase in abundance of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) over the last decades has caused concern for the sustainability of fish populations. Cormorants are opportunistic piscivorous birds that eat fish from a wide range of species and sizes, in marine, lacustrine and riverine habitats. It has been documented that juvenile salmonids are under significant predation pressure by great cormorants, although knowledge on the predation of adult salmonids by cormorants is limited. In this study, adult anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) were tagged over multiple years with PIT tags during their spawning migration in a Danish lowland river. Two nearby cormorant colonies were subsequently scanned for PIT tags to estimate predation rate. It was estimated that by minimum 15.4% of tagged adult sea trout were predated by cormorants. The majority of the individuals were predated in the river, and females were more likely to be predated than males. Moreover, length had a significant effect on predation probability: individuals between 35 and 43 cm had the highest likelihood to be predated, while smaller and larger individuals were less likely to be predated. Our findings challenge the assumption that cormorants do not prey on reproductively mature salmonids. Furthermore, predation of mature individuals may have implications for the recruitment and sustainability of the population.
Exploring the efficacy of a low intensity psychological intervention for family members and carers of individuals with a first episode of psychosis in early intervention services
Authors: Shaikh Madiha , Eilender Cara , O'Brien Melanie , O'Driscoll Ciarán 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, and explore carers' experience, of a brief carer focussed intervention in an Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) service using a mixed methods approach.MethodsCarers within EIP services were invited to have the intervention, comprising a psychoeducation and wellbeing component, and 153 carers completed routine outcome measures including the Brief Experience of Caregiving Inventory (BECI), The Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale (WEMWEBS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline and after the completion of the intervention. Separately, nine carers took part in semi‐structured interviews about their experience of the intervention.ResultsThe intervention resulted in improvement of overall well‐being, a reduction in self‐reported anxiety and caregiving experience relating to difficult behaviours and stigma/effects on the family. Overall, the carers' subjective experiences of the intervention were positive. Thematic analysis indicated epistemic trust indexed by the connection carers achieved with the service, an experience of being valued and of experiencing change through the intervention.ConclusionA short, 8 weeks intervention delivered by assistant psychologists, may offer an effective method for facilitating understanding of the illness and acclimatizing to new challenges. Exploring the effectiveness of psychoeducation and capturing this with specific measures may allow the service to make meaningful adaptations to their intervention.
Selecting for infectivity across metapopulations can increase virulence in the social microbe Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Dimitriu Tatiana , Souissi Wided , Morwool Peter , Darby Alistair , Crickmore Neil , Raymond Ben 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPassage experiments that sequentially infect hosts with parasites have long been used to manipulate virulence. However, for many invertebrate pathogens, passage has been applied naively without a full theoretical understanding of how best to select for increased virulence and this has led to very mixed results. Understanding the evolution of virulence is complex because selection on parasites occurs across multiple spatial scales with potentially different conflicts operating on parasites with different life histories. For example, in social microbes, strong selection on replication rate within hosts can lead to cheating and loss of virulence, because investment in public goods virulence reduces replication rate. In this study, we tested how varying mutation supply and selection for infectivity or pathogen yield (population size in hosts) affected the evolution of virulence against resistant hosts in the specialist insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, aiming to optimize methods for strain improvement against a difficult to kill insect target. We show that selection for infectivity using competition between subpopulations in a metapopulation prevents social cheating, acts to retain key virulence plasmids, and facilitates increased virulence. Increased virulence was associated with reduced efficiency of sporulation, and possible loss of function in putative regulatory genes but not with altered expression of the primary virulence factors. Selection in a metapopulation provides a broadly applicable tool for improving the efficacy of biocontrol agents. Moreover, a structured host population can facilitate artificial selection on infectivity, while selection on life‐history traits such as faster replication or larger population sizes can reduce virulence in social microbes.
Exogenous fetuin‐A protects against sepsis‐induced myocardial injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in mice
Authors: Sidheeque Hassan V , Hanifa Mohd , Navik Umashanker , Bali Anjana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSepsis‐induced myocardial injury is a consequence of septicemia and is one of the major causes of death in intensive care units. A serum glycoprotein called fetuin‐A is secreted largely by the liver, tongue, placenta, and adipose tissue. Fetuin‐A has a variety of biological and pharmacological properties. The anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant glycoprotein fetuin‐A has shown its efficacy in a number of inflammatory disorders including sepsis. However, its protective role against sepsis‐induced myocardial injury remains elusive. The purpose of this work is to explore the role of fetuin‐A in mouse models of myocardial injury brought on by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). CLP significantly induced the myocardial injury assessed in terms of elevated myocardial markers (serum CK‐MB, cTnI levels), inflammatory markers (IL‐6, TNF‐α) in the serum, and oxidative stress markers (increased MDA levels and decreased reduced glutathione) in heart tissue homogenate following 24 h of ligation and puncture. Further, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed considerable histological alterations in the myocardial tissue of sepsis‐developed mice. Interestingly, fetuin‐A pretreatment (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 4 days before the CLP procedure significantly improved the myocardial injury and was evaluated in perspective of a reduction in the CK‐MB, cTnI levels, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in sepsis‐developed animals. Fetuin‐A pretreatment significantly attenuated the oxidative stress and improved the myocardial morphology in a dose‐dependent manner. The present study provides preliminary evidence that fetuin‐A exerts protection against sepsis‐induced cardiac dysfunction in vivo via suppression of inflammation and oxidative damage.
Co‐design development of a decision guide on eating and drinking for people with severe dementia during acute hospital admissions
Authors: Anantapong Kanthee , Bruun Andrea , Walford Anne , Smith Christina H. , Manthorpe Jill , Sampson Elizabeth L. , Davies Nathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionUsing co‐design processes, we aimed to develop an evidence‐based decision guide for family carers and hospital professionals to support decision‐making about eating and drinking for hospital patients with severe dementia.MethodsFollowing a systematic review, we interviewed people with mild dementia, family carers and hospital professionals in England. We then held co‐design workshops with family carers and hospital professionals. In parallel with the workshops, we used a matrix to synthesize data from all studies and to develop a decision guide prototype. The prototype was iteratively refined through further co‐design workshops and discussions among researchers and Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) representatives. We conducted user testing for final feedback and to finalize the decision guide.ResultsMost participants acknowledged the limited benefits of tube feeding and would not use or want it for someone with severe dementia. However, they found decision‐making processes and communication about nutrition and hydration were emotionally demanding and poorly supported in acute hospitals. The co‐design groups developed the aims of the decision guide to support conversations and shared decision‐making processes in acute hospitals, and help people reach evidence‐based decisions. It was designed to clarify decision‐making stages, provide information and elicit the values/preferences of everyone involved. It encouraged person‐centred care, best‐interests decision‐making and multidisciplinary team working. From user testing, family carers and hospital professionals thought the decision guide could help initiate conversations and inform decisions. The final decision guide was disseminated and is being used in clinical practice in England.ConclusionWe used rigorous and transparent processes to co‐design the decision guide with everyone involved. The decision guide may facilitate conversations about nutrition and hydration and help people reach shared decisions that meet the needs and preferences of people with severe dementia. Future evaluation is required to test its real‐world impacts.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with mild dementia, family carers and hospital professionals contributed to the design of the decision guide through the interviews and co‐design workshops. PPI members helped design study procedures and materials and prepare this manuscript.
Impact of pink rock salt and Lactobacillus spp. on physico‐chemical, microbiological properties, phenolic profile and sugar level of apple peel
Authors: Kumar Arun , Singh Narpinder , Kaur Amritpal , Kaler Raj Sukhwinder Singh , Kaur Sukhraj 
Published: January 2023

SummaryApple peel is a waste from industrial juice processing that contains many phenolic compounds and it remains underutilised due to low storability. In the present study, an effort on improving storability of apple peel with minimum detrimental loss in the nutrients was made. The apple peel was stored for 7 days with 2.5% pink rock salt (T1PRS), Lactobacillus spp. inoculum (T2Lac) and concoction of both (T3PRSLac) at 30 °C and further evaluated for physico‐chemical and microbiological characteristics. The diverse phenolic profile of apple peel showed dominant presence of rutin, chlorogenic acid, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol. The rutin content notably increased from 40.6 to 765.7 mg kg−1 for apple peel stored with T2Lac. Apple peel with T1PRS, T2Lac and T3PRSLac revealed augmented phenolic content. The peel with T1PRS, T2Lac and T3PRSLac demonstrated decrease in all sugars. The peel stored with T2Lac showed the highest increase in titratable acidity and viable cell counts of Lactobacillus spp. The colour parameters also varied significantly and an improvement in antioxidant activity with different treatments was noticed. The peel stored with T2Lac revealed approximately nine‐fold increase in total flavonoid content. The total phenolic content increased from 2808 mg GAE kg−1 to 3830 mg GAE kg−1 as a result storage of peel with T2Lac. The improved storability of apple peel will further help in valorisation.
Application of mannitol and kale protein extract in the development of Sung Yod rice bread and its stability during storage
Authors: Samakradhamrongthai Rajnibhas Sukeaw , Wanikorn Bandhita , Nortuy Nutthamon , Jannu Taruedee , Renaldi Gerry 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe qualities of bread products generally deteriorate during storage. Some ingredients are considered to prolong the alteration of bread products during storage in both chill and freeze conditions. The effect of mannitol and kale protein extract (KPE) was studied in the development of Sung Yod rice bread (SYRB) along with the investigation of its physicochemical, textural and sensory qualities during prolonged storage at different temperatures (4 and −20 °C). Mannitol (0.00%–3.00%) and KPE (0.00%–0.10%) were varied for SYRB using 3‐Level Factorial Design with two centrepoints. The optimised SYRB consisted of mannitol (3.00%) and KPE (0.04%). The physicochemical, textural and sensory qualities of the stored SYRB at different temperatures from the periodic evaluation showed that the SYRB stored at −20 °C exhibited better quality than stored at 4 °C. The outcome of this study indicated that mannitol and KPE can be used as ingredients to delay the deterioration of SYRB qualities during the prolonged storage duration at low temperatures and can be applied to produce bakery products that needed to be stored under chill and freeze conditions.
Nursing our planet
Authors: Catton Howard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this article is to explore the role of nurses with regards to climate change and other humanitarian challenges.BackgroundThe climate crisis facing our planet is not just about extreme weather events. To be properly understood and addressed, climate change should be recognised as a global public health emergency that needs urgent attention from governments everywhere.DiscussionIn this article, International Council of Nurses (ICN) Chief Executive Officer Howard Catton discusses the links between climate change, nursing practice and advocacy. He argues that the crises the world faces, including those related to global warming, can be handled better if they are understood as public health crises, and that having nurses involved in policymaking at every level in society provides the best chance of individuals’ health needs being met.Conclusion and Implications for Nursing and/or Health Policy:Nurses must be actively involved in policymaking that addresses the humanitarian and public health impact of climate change and natural and human‐made disasters. Only half the world's countries have a government‐level chief nursing officer who is able to represent the nursing profession at the highest levels of policymaking. This deficit should be corrected as soon as possible so that the voices of nurses are heard and respected, and patients everywhere can benefit from the direct input of nursing into all government policies that influence people's health and well‐being.
Gender gap in travel behaviour and public opinion on proposed policy measures: Evidence from India
Authors: Saigal Taru , Vaish Arun Kr. , Rao NVM 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEmploying primary survey data collected from Jaipur city in India, this work attempts to evaluate inconsistencies in travel behaviour based on gender. It also intends to discuss the public opinion on a few proposed policy changes which can aid in bridging the established gender gap. Stratified random sampling approach is used to gather data on travel pattern measures and socioeconomic attributes. Descriptive statistics complemented with bivariate probit model and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model is applied on the data acquired. The obtained results confirm the existence of a gender gap in all observed measures of travel behaviour. Compared to men, women travel shorter distances, use more of non‐motorised modes of transport, have lower frequency of travelling, and travel majorly for purposes other than work. Results of the study also highlight how a majority of the respondents are in favour of policy changes aimed at narrowing the observed gender disparities. The analysis demands infrastructural development of non‐motorised transportation and public transportation in the city in such a way which is both efficient and secured, so as to neither obstruct the objective of empowerment nor of sustainability.
Comparison of vitamin D levels in diabetes mellitus patients with and without diabetic foot ulcers: An analytical observational study in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Priyanto Mufqi Handaru , Legiawati Lili , Saldi Siti Rizny F. , Yunir Em , Miranda Eliza 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a form of chronic wound which becomes a serious complication in diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, the role of vitamin D on T cell‐mediated immunity, pancreatic insulin secretion, and its mechanism on cell growth and healing processes have been reported. This study aims to compare the vitamin D level of DM patients with DFU and without DFU to assess the duration and severity of DFU and its correlation with vitamin D levels. The sociodemographic characteristics and DFU duration were documented. The severity was examined in accordance with PEDIS classification. 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was analysed using in‐vitro chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). Statistical analysis was performed and the P‐value <.05 was considered as statistically significant. The vitamin D levels in DM patients with and without DFU were 8.90 ng/mL (6.52–10.90) and 16.25 ng/mL (13–19.59), respectively, with P < .001. There was no correlation between the duration of DFU and DFU severity by PEDIS score with vitamin D levels. Vitamin D levels in DM patients with DFU are lower than those in patients without DFU. However, there was insufficient evidence to conclude that there is no correlation between the DFU duration and DFU severity by PEDIS score with vitamin D levels.
Evaluating the cost of managing patients with cellulitis in Wales, UK: A 20‐year population‐scale study
Authors: Humphreys Ioan , Akbari Ashley , Griffiths Rowena , Graham‐Woollard Dave , Morgan Karen , Noble‐Jones Rhian , Gabe‐Walters Marie , Thomas Melanie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate costs associated with managing patients with cellulitis from the UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective. The analysis was undertaken through the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank, which brings together population‐scale, individual‐level anonymised linked data from a wide range of sources, including 80% of primary care general practices within Wales (population coverage ~3.2 million). The data covered a 20‐year period from 1999 to 2019. All patients linked to the relevant codes were tracked through primary care settings, recording the number of general practice visits (number of days with an event recorded) and number of in‐patient stays. Resources were valued in monetary terms (£ sterling), with costs determined from national published sources of unit costs. These resources were then extrapolated out to reflect UK NHS costs. This is the first attempt to estimate the financial burden of cellulitis using routine data sources on a national scale. The estimated direct annual costs to the Welsh NHS (£28 554 338) are considerable. In‐Patient events and length of stay costs are the main cost drivers, with annual Welsh NHS estimates of £19 664 126 with primary care events costing £8 890 212. Initiatives to support patients and healthcare professionals in identifying early signs/risks of cellulitis, improve the accuracy of initial diagnosis, prevent cellulitis recurrence, and improve evidence‐based treatment pathways would result in major financial savings, to both the Welsh and UK NHS. In light of these findings, Wales has developed the innovative National Lymphoedema cellulitis Improvement Programme to address these burdens; providing a proactive model of cellulitis care.
Sociodemographic factors associated with weight perception of adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Kaihan , Zhao Anqi , Xie Yujie , Xu Zhanyi , Peng Yubinxin , Tang Haiyang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo systematically assess the main sociodemographic factors associated with weight perception of adolescents.MethodologyAll studies related to adolescents’ weight perception were retrieved from seven databases from January 2001 to July 2022. A total of 13 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords were used to identify qualified studies, and reference lists included in the retrieved studies were manually searched to identify potentially relevant publications. Two evaluators independently assessed the eligibility and extracted data of each study. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) risk of bias evaluation tool was used to evaluate the quality and bias risk of included studies. RevMan (version: 5.3) software was used to conduct heterogeneity test and meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 12 studies, published between 2003 and 2020, were selected and included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis, consisting of 325,367 adolescents from five countries. The risk of bias evaluation indicated that risk of bias was low in five studies and moderate in seven studies. The results of meta‐analysis showed that there were no differences in the weight perception accuracy among adolescents under different gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–1.15, p = 0.940), place of residence (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.83–1.16, p = 0.800), grade (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.68–4.42, p = 0.250), and family economic level (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86–1.02, p = 0.140). Egger's linear regression showed that there was no significant publication bias in the primary analysis.ConclusionsThe current analysis indicates that gender, place of residence, grade, and family economic level were not identified as influencing factors for adolescents' weight perception accuracy. Due to the limitations of the review and included studies, more robust trials are warranted in different social and economic environments to confirm our findings.
Motion leadership and local interaction in two species of freshwater fish (Danio rerio and Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi)
Authors: Quera Vicenç , Beltran Francesc S. , Gimeno Elisabet , Dolado Ruth 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe authors studied momentary motion leadership in small groups of black neon tetra (Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), its relationship with local interaction parameters, such as the acceleration and turning angle of the individuals, and the relative locations of the individuals within the group. The purpose was to know whether leadership tended to be monopolised by certain individuals or whether it was equitably shared between them and if there were differences in leadership sharing between these two species, which are known to have different degrees of cohesion and polarisation. The authors filmed groups of two, three, four and eight fishes of each species and tracked their individual motion by image analysis and trajectory extraction. In both species, motion leadership was not monopolized but egalitarian and very short lived, with leadership shifts distributed randomly over time. The duration of leadership episodes decreased as group size increased and was longer in black neon tetra than in zebrafish. Momentary leaders did not tend to be in the front positions, but closer to the centre of the group. Acceleration and turning angle were more extreme in zebrafish than in black neon tetra and in the momentary leaders than the followers in both species. In general, these differences between species and between leaders/followers were qualitatively similar with some differences in detail, indicating that the relationship between motion leadership and local interaction parameters is likely to conform to a general physical law.