bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random Skin Biopsy for Diagnosis of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lv Yuanjie , Xu Lingen , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Yaling 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell lymphoma. The heterogeneity of its clinical symptoms makes it hard to be diagnosed. The diagnosis is followed by pathological examination of affected tissues and organs including skin, central nervous system, and bone marrow. Random skin biopsy (RSB) with high sensitivity and less invasiveness becomes a common method for diagnosis in suspected patients without skin lesions.

Case report:
We reported the case of a 67-year-old man who complained of fever, dizziness, unsteady gait, numbness in both lower extremities, and incontinence. Blood routine examination suggested elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the head and thoracolumbosacral spine, next-generation sequencing in blood, cerebrospinal fluid collection, bone marrow aspiration, and positron emission tomography–computed tomography presented no evidence of solid tumors. However, there were intravascular tumor cell growth and morphosis as determined by RSB. CD20, CD79a, CD5, BCL-6, and BCL-2 were positive as tested by immunohistochemistry, and Ki-67 showed high proliferative activity. Taking the medical history as an element, the patient received a diagnosis of IVLBCL. After he completed 3 cycles of RCDOP + orelabrutinib, his general condition improved.

Conclusion:
IVLBCL is an aggressive, lethal cancer that is difficult to diagnose; therefore, it is recommended for the suspected patients to receive RSB promptly and early treatment at the earliest opportunity to achieve amelioration in prognosis.
A Rare Case of Hydrophilic Polymer Embolization After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Shefler Alanna , Blaszak Scott C. , Shea Christopher R. , Chadha Angad A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Endovascular procedures that use a hydrophilic polymer-coated device carry a risk of embolization and ischemic complications when used intravascularly. Because these coatings are increasingly used worldwide, it is important to identify potential adverse effects early. Cutaneous complications of hydrophilic polymer emboli are rare and not commonly described in the literature. Therefore, we report a case of hydrophilic polymer embolization with cutaneous findings in a patient who underwent a recent transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
LYMPH NODE TRANSFER AND NEO-LYMPHANGIOGENESIS. FROM THEORY TO EVIDENCE
Authors: Maruccia Michele , Giudice Giuseppe , Ciudad Pedro , Manrique Oscar J , Cazzato Gerardo , Chen Hung-Chi , Elia Rossella 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND.
Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) has proven to be a valuable treatment for patients affected by advanced stages of lymphedema. Although a spontaneous neo-lymphangiogenesis has been advocated to explain the positive effects of VLNT, there is still a lack of supportive biological evidence. The aim of the paper was to demonstrate the post-operative formation of new lymphatic vessels using histological skin sections from the lymphedematous limb.

MATERIALS AND METHODS.
All patients diagnosed with extremities’ lymphedema who had undergone gastroepiploic vascularized lymph node flap (GE-VLN) between January 2016 and December 2018 were identified. Full thickness 6-mm skin punch biopsies were obtained from all voluntary patients at identical sites of the lymphedematous limb (during the surgical procedure of VLNT (T0) and 1 year later (T1). The histological samples were prepared to be immunostained with Anti-Podoplanin / gp36 antibody.

RESULTS.
The study analyzed the results of 14 lymph node transfer voluntary patients. At 12 months of follow-up, the mean circumference reduction rate was 44.3 ± 4.4 at above elbow/above knee level (AE/AK) and 60.9 ± 7 at below elbow/below knee level (BE/BK) Podoplanin expression values were on average 7.92 ± 1.77 (vessels/mm2) at time 0 and 11.79 ± 3.38 (vessels/mm2) at T1. The difference was statistically significant between pre-operative and post-operative values (p=0.0008)

CONCLUSION.
The present study provides anatomic evidence that a neo-lymphangiogenetic process is induced by the VLNT procedure as new functional lymphatic vessels can be detected in close proximity to the transferred lymph nodes.
Fronto-facial surgery: reducing infection with the development and 6-year outcome of a fronto-facial protocol.
Authors: White Andrea , van de Lande Lara S. , O’Hara Justine , Hartley John , Hayward Richard , James Greg , Jeelani N. Owase , Dunaway David J. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Frontofacial surgery (FFS) creates a communication between the cranial and nasal cavities and is associated with significant infection risk. After a cluster of infections affecting patients undergoing FFS a root cause analysis of index cases was undertaken but no specifically remedial causes identified. Basic principles incorporating known risk factors for the prevention of surgical site infection were then applied to the creation of a peri-operative management protocol. This study analyses infection rates before and after its implementation.

Methodology:
The protocol was designed around the needs of patients undergoing FFS and consists of three checklists covering their pre-, intra- and post-operative care. Compliance required the completion of each checklist. All patients undergoing FFS between 1999 to 2019 were studied retrospectively and infections occurring before and after the implementation of the protocol analysed.

Results:
103 patients underwent FFS (60 monobloc and 36 facial bipartition) prior to the implementation of the protocol in August of 2013, and 30 patients after its implementation. Compliance with the protocol was 95%. Following implementation there was a statistically significant reduction in infections from 41.7% to 13.3% (p=0.005).

Conclusion:
Although no specific aetiology for a cluster of post-operative infection had been identified, the implementation of a bespoke protocol consisting of pre-, peri- and post-operative checklists covering measures known to reduce infection risk was associated with a significant reduction in post-operative infections in patients undergoing FFS.
Comparison of Facial Growth Between Two Nasoalveolar Molding Techniques in Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip Patients: A Randomized, Prospective, Single-blind Trial
Authors: Chang Frank Chun-Shin , Huang Jung-Ju , Wallace Christopher Glenn , Hsiao Yen-Chang , Chen Zung-Chung , Liao Yu-Fang , Chen Philip Kuo-Ting 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) has become standard treatment in our Craniofacial Center. Two types of pre-surgical NAM, Grayson technique and Figueroa technique, co-exist. We previously found no differences in number of clinic visits, cost and 6 months post-operative outcome between the two techniques. Since Figueroa’s method involves passive, whilst Grayson’s method involves active, alveolar molding, we extended the previous study to evaluate facial growth between these two groups.

Methods:
This randomized, prospective, single-blind study, conducted between May 2010 and March 2013, recruited 30 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate patients and randomized them for Grayson or Figueroa pre-surgical NAM. Their standard lateral cephalometric measurements at 5 years were used to determine facial growth.

Results:
Twenty-nine patients completed 5 years of follow-up. There were no statistical differences in facial cephalometric measurements between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Pre-surgical NAM using either passive or active NAM technique produced similar facial growth patterns after unilateral cleft lip and palate repair.
A phase 3 study of safety and immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, in children with HIV
Authors: Wilck Marissa , Barnabas Shaun , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Violari Avy , Kosalaraksa Pope , Yesypenko Svitlana , Chukhalova Iryna , Dagan Ron , Richmond Peter , Mikviman Elena , Morgan Leslie , Feemster Kristen , Lupinacci Robert , Chiarappa Joseph , Madhi Shabir A. , Bickham Kara , Musey Luwy 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of V114 [15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) containing serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9 V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, 33F], followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 8 weeks later, in children with HIV.

Design:
This phase 3 study (NCT03921424) randomized participants 6–17 years of age with HIV (CD4+ T-cell count ≥200 cells/μl, plasma HIV RNA <50 000 copies/ml) to receive V114 or 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in a double-blind manner on Day 1, followed by PPSV23 at Week 8.

Methods:
Adverse events (AEs), pneumococcal serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) were evaluated 30 days after each vaccination.

Results:
The proportion of participants experiencing at least one AE post-PCV was 78.8% in the V114 group (n = 203) and 69.6% in the PCV13 group (n = 204); respective proportions post-PPSV23 were 75.4% (n = 203) and 77.2% (n = 202). There were no vaccine-related serious AEs. IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and OPA geometric mean titers (GMTs) were generally comparable between V114 and PCV13 for shared serotypes at Day 30, and were higher for V114 compared with PCV13 for the additional V114 serotypes 22F and 33F. Approximately 30 days after PPSV23, IgG GMCs and OPA GMTs were generally comparable between the V114 and PCV13 groups for all 15 serotypes in V114.

Conclusions:
In children with HIV, a sequential administration of V114 followed 8 weeks later with PPSV23 is well tolerated and induces immune responses for all 15 pneumococcal serotypes included in V114.
Effectiveness of Cross-Linked Acellular Dermal Matrix to Correct Post-Traumatic Enophthalmos
Authors: Park Tae Hwan 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The use of an acellular dermal matrix is rarely reported in orbital wall fracture reconstruction. This study aimed to share the author’s experience with the cross-linked acellular dermal matrix as an allograft material for enophthalmos correction.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, the author evaluated the medical records and 3-dimensional facial computed tomography scans of patients with enophthalmos caused by neglected orbital fractures between May 2021 and June 2022. Facial computed tomography scans confirmed the clinical diagnosis of enophthalmos. A single surgeon performed all surgical operations. In all patients, the author accessed the orbital floor via subciliary incision while approaching the medial wall with a retrocaruncular incision. After fully exposing the lesion, the author used a 1.0-mm-thick cross-linked acellular dermal matrix (ADM) (MegaDerm; L&C Bio, South Korea). After trimming the cross-linked ADM to a proper size, the author implanted the ADM into the lesion.

Results:
During May 2021 and June 2022, 3 cases of enophthalmos were successfully corrected with cross-linked ADM at the author’s hospital. All patients were improved clinically and radiologically.

Conclusion:
This is the first study to show the effectiveness of cross-linked ADM for the correction of enophthalmos.
Current considerations for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: identification to intervention
Authors: Glass Leila , Moore Eileen M. , Mattson Sarah N. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
This review highlights recent findings regarding the prevalence, public health impact, clinical presentation, intervention access and conceptualization of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Despite ongoing work in prevention and identification of this population, the rates of drinking during pregnancy have increased and significant gaps remain in diagnosis and intervention.

Recent findings
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the most common preventable cause of developmental disability in the world. Research has focused on improving diagnostic clarity, utilizing technology and neuroimaging to facilitate identification, engaging broader stakeholders (including self-advocates) to inform understanding and needs, and increasing access to effective interventions. There is an emerging focus on developmental trajectories and experiences in young and middle adulthood. Public policy advocacy has also made great strides in recent years.

Summary
Increases in public awareness, greater concordance of diagnostic schema, leveraged use of novel technology, and the development of targeted interventions within a holistic, strengths-based conceptualization are important considerations for this population.
Gaps in modelling animal migration with evolutionary game theory: infection can favour the loss of migration
Authors: Shaw Allison K. , Torstenson Martha , Craft Meggan E. , Binning Sandra A. 
Published: March 2023

Ongoing environmental changes alter how natural selection shapes animal migration. Understanding how these changes play out theoretically can be done using evolutionary game theoretic (EGT) approaches, such as looking for evolutionarily stable strategies. Here, we first describe historical patterns of how EGT models have explored different drivers of migration. We find that there are substantial gaps in both the taxa (mammals, amphibians, reptiles, insects) and mechanisms (mutualism, interspecific competition) included in past EGT models of migration. Although enemy interactions, including parasites, are increasingly considered in models of animal migration, they remain the least studied of factors for migration considered to date. Furthermore, few papers look at changes in migration in response to perturbations (e.g. climate change, new species interactions). To address this gap, we present a new EGT model to understand how infection with a novel parasite changes host migration. We find three possible outcomes when migrants encounter novel parasites: maintenance of migration (despite the added infection cost), loss of migration (evolutionary shift to residency) or population collapse, depending on the risk and cost of getting infected, and the cost currency. Our work demonstrates how emerging infection can alter animal behaviour such as migration.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions’.
Accurate prediction of transcriptional activity of single missense variants in HIV Tat with deep learning
Authors: Derbel Houssemeddine , Giacoletto CJ , Benjamin Ronald , Chen Gordon , Schiller Martin R. , Liu Qian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTat is an essential gene for increasing the transcription of all HIV genes, and it affects HIV replication, HIV exit from latency, and AIDS progression. The Tat gene frequently mutatesin vivoproducing variants with diverse activities, contributing to HIV viral heterogeneity, as well as drug-resistant clones. Thus, identifying the transcriptional activities of Tat variants will help to better understand AIDS pathology and treatment. We recently reported the missense mutation landscape of all single amino acid Tat variants. In these experiments, a fraction of double missense alleles exhibited intragenic epistasis. It is too time-consuming and costly to determine a variants’ effect for all double mutant alleles with experiments. Therefore, we propose a combined GigaAssay/Deep learning approach. As a first step for determining activity landscapes for complex variants, we evaluated a deep learning framework using previously reported GigaAssay experiments to predict how transcription activity is affected by Tat variants with single missense substitutions. Our approach achieves a 0.94 Pearson correlation coefficient when comparing experimental to predicted activities. This hybrid approach should be extensible to more complex Tat alleles for better understanding the genetic control of HIV genome transcription.
Single-cell transcriptomics identifies different immune signatures between macrophage activation-like syndrome and immune paralysis in sepsis
Authors: Grondman Inge , Koeken Valerie A.C.M. , Karageorgos Athanasios , Li Wenchao , Antonakos Nikolaos , Zhang Bowen , Damoraki Georgia , Xu Cheng-Jian , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Li Yang , Netea Mihai G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDifferent immune phenotypes characterize sepsis patients, including hyperinflammation and/or immunosuppression, but the biological mechanisms driving this heterogeneity remain largely unknown. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile circulating leukocytes of healthy controls and sepsis patients classified as eitherhyperinflammatory(macrophage activation-like syndrome [MALS]),immune paralysis, orunclassified(when criteria for neither of these two immune subgroups were applicable). Pronounced differences were detected in the transcriptional signature of monocytes from sepsis patients, with clear distinction between MALS and immune paralysis patients. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed the existence of MALS-specific monocyte clusters, as well as one sepsis-specific monocyte cluster that was linked to disease severity. In separate cohorts, urosepsis was characterized by heterogeneous MALS and immunosuppression monocyte signatures, while MALS-specific monocyte clusters showed overlapping transcriptional signatures with severe COVID-19. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the heterogeneous immune landscape underlying sepsis, and provide opportunities for patient stratification for future therapeutic development.
A Tyrosine Phospho-switch within the Longin Domain of VAMP721 modulates SNARE functionality
Authors: Ricardi Martiniano Maria , Wallmeroth Niklas , Cermesoni Cecilia , Mehlhorn Dietmar Gerald , Richter Sandra , Zhang Lei , Mittendorf Josephine , Godehardt Ingeborg , Berendzen Kenneth Wayne , von Roepenack-Lahaye Edda , Stierhof York-Dieter , Lipka Volker , Jürgens Gerd , Grefen Christopher 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe final step in secretion is membrane fusion facilitated by SNARE proteins that reside in opposite membranes. The formation of a trans-SNARE complex between one R and three Q coiled-coiled SNARE domains drives the final approach of the membranes providing the mechanical energy for fusion. Biological control of this mechanism is exerted by additional domains within some SNAREs. For example, the N-terminal Longin domain (LD) of R-SNAREs (also called Vesicle-associated membrane proteins, VAMPs) can fold back onto the SNARE domain blocking interaction with other cognate SNAREs. The LD may also determine the subcellular localization via interaction with other trafficking related proteins. Here, we provide cell-biological and genetic evidence that phosphorylation of the Tyrosine57 residue regulates the functionality of VAMP721. We found that an aspartate mutation mimics phosphorylation, leading to protein instability and subsequent degradation in lytic vacuoles. The mutant SNARE also fails to rescue the defects ofvamp721vamp722loss-of-function lines in spite of its wildtype-like localization within the secretory pathway and the ability to interact with cognate SNARE partners. Most importantly, it imposes a dominant negative phenotype interfering with root growth, normal secretion and cytokinesis in wildtype plants generating large aggregates that mainly contain secretory vesicles. Non-phosphorylatable VAMP721Y57Fneeds higher gene dosage to rescue double mutants in comparison to native VAMP721 underpinning that phosphorylation modulates SNARE function. We propose a model where a short-lived phosphorylation of Y57 serves as a regulatory step to control VAMP721 activity, favouring its open state and interaction with cognate partners to ultimately drive membrane fusion.
Analysis of spike protein variants evolved in a novel mouse model of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Kim Dongbum , Kim Jinsoo , Kim Minyoung , Park Heedo , Maharjan Sony , Baek Kyeongbin , Kang Bo Min , Kim Suyeon , Park Sangkyu , Park Man-Seong , Lee Younghee , Kwon Hyung-Joo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 mutation rates have increased over time, resulting in the emergence of several variants of concern. Persistent infection is assumed to be involved in the evolution of the variants; however, there is currently no animal model to recapitulate persistent infection. We established a novel model of persistent infection using xenografts of Calu-3 human lung cancer cells in immunocompromised mice. After infection with wild-type SARS-CoV-2, viruses were found in the tumor tissues for up to 30 days and acquired various mutations, predominantly in the spike (S) protein, some of which increased while others fluctuated for 30 days. Three isolated viral clones with defined mutations produced higher virus titers than the wild-type virus in Calu-3 cells without cytotoxic effects. In K18-hACE2 mice, the variants were less lethal than the wild-type virus. Infection with each variant induced production of cross-reactive antibodies to the receptor binding domain of wild-type S protein and provided protective immunity against subsequent challenge with wild-type virus. These results suggest that most of the SARS-CoV-2 variants acquired mutations promoting host adaptation in the Calu-3 xenograft mice. This model can be used in the future to further study persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Purkinje-Enriched snRNA-seq in SCA7 Cerebellum Reveals Zebrin Identity Loss as a Central Feature of Polyglutamine Ataxias
Authors: Bartelt Luke C. , Switonski Pawel M. , Adamek Grażyna , Carvalho Juliana , Duvick Lisa A. , Jarrah Sabrina I. , McLoughlin Hayley S. , Scoles Daniel R. , Pulst Stefan M. , Orr Harry T. , Hull Court , Lowe Craig B. , La Spada Albert R. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTSpinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG-polyglutamine repeat expansion. SCA7 patients display a striking loss of Purkinje cell (PC) neurons with disease progression; however, PCs are rare, making them difficult to characterize. We developed a PC nuclei enrichment protocol and applied it to single-nucleus RNA-seq of a SCA7 knock-in mouse model. Our results unify prior observations into a central mechanism of cell identity loss, impacting both glia and PCs, driving accumulation of inhibitory synapses and altered PC spiking. Zebrin-II subtype dysregulation is the predominant signal in PCs, leading to complete loss of zebrin-II striping at motor symptom onset in SCA7 mice. We show this zebrin-II subtype degradation is shared across Polyglutamine Ataxia mouse models and SCA7 patients. It has been speculated that PC subtype organization is critical for cerebellar function, and our results suggest that a breakdown of zebrin-II parasagittal striping is pathological.