bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions and strategies to prevent medical device‐related pressure injury in adult patients: A systematic review
Authors: Lyu Yang , Huang Ya‐Ling , Li Zhao‐Yu , Lin Frances 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence shows that medical device‐related pressure injury (MDRPI) has a high prevalence (10%) and incidence (12%), and much research has been done to prevent MDRPI in recent years. However, to our knowledge, there is limited systematic review available on interventions and strategies to prevent MDRPI.AimTo synthesise research evidence on interventions and strategies used to prevent MDRPI.MethodsThis systematic review adhered to the PRISMA Guidelines. We searched six databases including Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science and ProQuest with no restriction to year of publication. Data were extracted and checked by two authors independently. A narrative summary technique was used to describe the findings. Implementation strategies were grouped into six classifications: dissemination/implementation process/integration/capacity building/sustainability/scale‐up strategies.ResultsTwenty‐four peer‐reviewed papers met the inclusion criteria, which comprised of 11 quality improvement projects and 13 original research. Types of devices included respiratory devices (non‐invasive ventilation mask, CPAP/BiPAP mask, endotracheal tube), gastrointestinal/urinary devices and other devices. Interventions used included the use of dressing, hyperoxygenated fatty acids, full‐face mask, training, and/or multidisciplinary education, use of special securement devices or tube holder, repositioning, application of stockinette, early removal and foam ring use. Common implementation strategies included ongoing staff education, audit and standardising documentation or guideline development.ConclusionMuch work on MDRPI prevention strategies has been undertaken. There were a variety of devices reported, however, it is evident that higher quality research is needed.Relevance to clinical practiceCurrent evidence shows that interventions including use of dressing or special securement device, repositioning, and training/multidisciplinary education can be beneficial for MDRPI prevention. High‐quality research, such as randomised controlled trials are needed to test the effectiveness of the interventions and their implementation strategies.No patient or public contribution.
Effect of preheating and ultrasound application of resin‐based luting agents on the failure load of a lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic
Authors: Figueiredo Paola Serraglio , Spazzin Aloísio Oro , Bacchi Atais , Alessandretti Rodrigo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effect of preheating resin‐based materials and ultrasound application on the failure load of a lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic.Materials and methodsNinety ceramic specimens were produced (14×12×1.0 mm) and divided into 9 groups (n = 10) to be bonded to a dentin analog (Nema G10) with light‐cured luting agent (LC), flowable resin composite (FL), and supra‐nano filled resin composite (SN), as follows: LC/R – LC at room temperature; LC/P – preheated LC; LC/P/U ‐ preheated LC and Ultrasound; FL/R ‐ FL at room temperature; FL/P ‐ preheated FL; FL/P/U – preheated FL and Ultrasound; SN/R – SN at room temperature; SN/P ‐ preheated SN; SN/P/U ‐ preheated SN and Ultrasound. The failure load test was performed in a universal testing machine with the aid of acoustic detection. The data was analyzed with two‐way ANOVA (for failure load) and Weibull statistics (Weibull modulus ‐ m and characteristic strength, based on 95% confidence intervals ‐ CI).ResultsThe analyses of failure load revealed no statistically significant difference among groups considering the type of luting agent (P = 0.075; F = 2,673), the application method (P = 0.772; F = 2,259), and the interaction between them (P = 0.297; F = 1,248). The characteristic strength did not show differences among groups (95% CI). The m, which indicates structural reliability, showed lower values for SN/P/U and SN/P, with a difference from other selected groups (95% CI).ConclusionPreheating of resin‐based materials and ultrasound application did not affect the failure load of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic. Lower reliability was observed with supra‐nano filled resin composite.
Clawing Through Bits of Glass and Bricks: James Baldwin and Reinhold Niebuhr on the Birmingham Church Bombing
Authors: Calloway Jamall A. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the unpublished dialogue between James Baldwin and Reinhold Niebuhr where they discussed the role of the Christian church in the wake of six child murders in Birmingham, Alabama on September 15, 1963. On that catastrophic day—one that is impossible to forget—the Ku Klux Klan bombed The Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, and two black boys were subsequently shot and killed. In the wake of that violence, this article will show that for Baldwin, the dynamite that exploded the face of the “alabaster Christ” from the stained‐glass window presents an opportunity for not only a new depiction of Jesus in terms of presentation—but more significantly—a brand‐new Christology rooted in black liberation. Such a reading provides us with an unusual constructive theological position offered by Baldwin, especially once it is read alongside a public essay written by the Association of Artists for Freedom advocating for Black Christmas.
Understanding Critical Health Literacy Among Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of the CHLA Questionnaire in Lower Secondary Schools in Norway
Authors: Haugen Anders L. Hage , Esser‐Noetlichs Marc , Riiser Kirsti , Hatlevik Ove Edvard 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchools are important arenas for the promotion of critical health literacy (CHL) among adolescents. Key domains of CHL are information appraisal, understanding social determinants of health, and abilities to act on determinants of health. In this paper, we examine the psychometric properties of the Critical Health Literacy for Adolescents Questionnaire (CHLA‐Q).METHODSA cross‐sectional survey study was performed at 5 schools in Norway. Respondents included 522 pupils aged 13‐15 years old. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the structural validity. Internal reliability was assessed using ordinal Cronbach's alpha.RESULTSThe estimated model had acceptable closeness of fit. Five of 6 scales displayed adequate internal reliability.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate acceptable fit of the CHLA‐Q framework and that 5 of the 6 scales are applicable to inform future research and interventions. More research is needed on measurement of the second domain of CHL.
The 2022 PDMA Doctoral Consortium: Emerging research priorities in new product development and innovation and insights into community building
Authors: Xiao Yazhen , Bharadwaj Neeraj 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn July 2022, the University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK) hosted the fifth Product Development Management Association (PDMA) Doctoral Consortium. As a critical vehicle to promote doctoral student research and scholarly networking, this consortium featured emerging research topics on new product development (NPD) and innovation by promising doctoral students and leading scholars, provided exposure to cutting‐edge practice in additive manufacturing, and facilitated opportunities for the NPD and innovation research community building. This article summarizes key insights and synthesizes important research topics emerging from the event.
Coevolutionary escalation led to differentially adapted paralogs of an insect's Na,K‐ATPase optimizing resistance to host plant toxins
Authors: Herbertz Marlena , Dalla Safaa , Wagschal Vera , Turjalei Rohin , Heiser Marlies , Dobler Susanne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCardiac glycosides are chemical defence toxins known to fatally inhibit the Na,K‐ATPase (NKA) throughout the animal kingdom. Several animals, however, have evolved target‐site insensitivity through substitutions in the otherwise highly conserved cardiac glycoside binding pocket of the NKA. The large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, shares a long evolutionary history with cardiac glycoside containing plants that led to intricate adaptations. Most strikingly, several duplications of the bugs' NKA1α gene provided the opportunity for differential resistance‐conferring substitutions and subsequent sub‐functionalization of the enzymes. Here, we analysed cardiac glycoside resistance and ion pumping activity of nine functional NKA α/β‐combinations of O. fasciatus expressed in cell culture. We tested the enzymes with two structurally distinct cardiac glycosides, calotropin, a host plant compound, and ouabain, a standard cardiac glycoside. The identity and number of known resistance‐conferring substitutions in the cardiac glycoside binding site significantly impacted activity and toxin resistance in the three α‐subunits. The β‐subunits also influenced the enzymes' characteristics, yet to a lesser extent. Enzymes containing the more ancient αC‐subunit were inhibited by both compounds but much more strongly by the host plant toxin calotropin than by ouabain. The sensitivity to calotropin was diminished in enzymes containing the more derived αB and αA, which were only marginally inhibited by both cardiac glycosides. This trend culminated in αAβ1 having higher resistance against calotropin than against ouabain. These results support the coevolutionary escalation of plant defences and herbivore tolerance mechanisms. The possession of multiple paralogs additionally mitigates pleiotropic effects by compromising between ion pumping activity and resistance.
On polymorphic uncertainty modeling in shell buckling
Authors: Fina Marc , Wagner Werner , Graf Wolfgang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBuckling is typically the governing failure mode of thin‐walled shells. In particular, geometric and material imperfections have a major influence on the buckling behavior. Small variations of imperfections have large effects on the load‐bearing behavior. However, the design of shells is still characterized by a deterministic way of thinking, in which uncertainties have not yet been sufficiently considered. Even in probabilistic approaches, false assumptions are often generated due to the small amount of experimental data. The focus of this paper is an appropriate uncertainty quantification based on the available data. Therefore, the concept of polymorphic uncertainty modeling is presented on axially loaded shells with different types of imperfections. Finally, an idea for a novel design concept for shells based on a fuzzy‐valued safety level is introduced. The paper is intended to initiate a rethinking of the methodology for the numerical design of shells with an appropriate uncertainty quantification.
Convolutional variational autoencoder for ground motion classification and generation toward efficient seismic fragility assessment
Authors: Ning Chunxiao , Xie Yazhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study develops an end‐to‐end deep learning framework to learn and analyze ground motions (GMs) through their latent features, and achieve reliable GM classification, selection, and generation of simulated motions. The framework is composed of an analysis workflow that transforms and reconstructs GMs through short‐time Fourier transform (STFT), encodes and decodes their latent features through convolutional variational autoencoder (CVAE), and classifies and generates GMs by grouping and interpolating latent variables. A benchmark study is established to confirm the minor difference between original GMs and the corresponding reconstructed accelerograms. The encoded latent space reveals that certain latent variables are directly linked to the dominant physical features of GMs. Resultantly, clustering latent variables using the k‐means algorithm successfully classifies GMs into different groups that vary in earthquake magnitude, soil type, field distance, and fault mechanism. By linearly interpolating two parent latent variables, simulated GMs are generated with consistent class information and matching response spectra. Furthermore, seismic fragility models are developed for a steel frame building and a concrete bridge using different sets of GMs. Using five classified, top‐ranked motions, regardless of recorded or simulated accelerograms, can achieve reasonable and efficient fragility estimates compared to the case that adopts 230 GMs. The proposed deep learning framework addresses two compelling questions regarding seismic fragility assessment: How many GMs are sufficient and what types of motions should be selected.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of efficacy and safety of isavuconazole for the treatment and prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections
Authors: Kato Hideo , Hagihara Mao , Asai Nobuhiro , Umemura Takumi , Hirai Jun , Mori Nobuaki , Yamagishi Yuka , Iwamoto Takuya , Mikamo Hiroshige 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIsavuconazole is a novel triazole antifungal agent. However, the previous outcomes were highlighted by statistical heterogeneity. This meta‐analysis aimed to validate the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole for the treatment and prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) compared with other antifungal agents (amphotericin B, voriconazole and posaconazole).MethodsScopus, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL and Ichushi databases were searched for relevant articles that met the inclusion criteria through February 2023. Mortality, IFI rate, discontinuation rate of antifungal therapy and incidence of abnormal hepatic function were evaluated. The discontinuation rate was defined as the percentage of therapy discontinuations due to adverse events. The control group included patients who received other antifungal agents.ResultsOf the 1784 citations identified for screening, 10 studies with an overall total of 3037 patients enrolled. Isavuconazole was comparable with the control group in mortality and IFI rate in the treatment and prophylaxis of IFIs, respectively (mortality, odds rate (OR) 1.11, 95% confidential interval (CI) 0.82–1.51; IFI rate, OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.49–2.12). Isavuconazole significantly reduced the discontinuation rate in the treatment (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.26–3.07) and incidence of hepatic function abnormalities in the treatment and prophylaxis, compared with the control group (treatment, OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.41–3.78; prophylaxis, OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.31–10.05).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis revealed that isavuconazole was not inferior to other antifungal agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of IFIs, with substantially fewer drug‐associated adverse events and discontinuations. Our findings support the use of isavuconazole as the primary treatment and prophylaxis for IFIs.
Pain and related suffering reduce attention toward others
Authors: González‐Roldán Ana María , Bustan Smadar , Kamping Sandra , Flor Herta , Anton Fernand 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt has been proposed that the expression of pain‐related suffering may lead to an enhanced focus on oneself and reduced attention toward the external world. This study aimed at investigating whether experimentally induced painrelated suffering may lead persons to withdraw into themselves, causing a reduced focus on external stimuli as reflected by impaired performance in a facial recognition task and heightened perception of internal stimuli measured by interoceptive awareness.MethodsThirty‐two participants had to recognize different emotional facial expressions (neutral, sad, angry, happy), or neutral geometrical figures under conditions of no pain, low, and high prolonged pain intensities. Interoceptive accuracy was measured using a heartbeat‐detection task prior to and following the pain protocol.ResultsMales but not females were slower to recognize facial expressions under the condition of high painful stimulation compared to the condition of no pain. In both, male and female participants, the difficulty in recognizing another person's emotions from a facial expression was directly related to the level of suffering and unpleasantness experienced during pain. Interoceptive accuracy was higher after the pain experiment. However, neither the initial interoceptive accuracy nor the change were significantly related to the pain ratings.ConclusionsOur results suggest that long‐lasting and intense painful stimuli, which induce suffering, lead to attentional shifts leading to withdrawal from others. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the social dynamics of pain and pain‐related suffering.
Optimization of VO2 and VCO2 outputs for the calculation of resting metabolic rate using a portable indirect calorimeter
Authors: Leal‐Martín Javier , Mañas Asier , Alfaro‐Acha Ana , García‐García Francisco José , Ara Ignacio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the Cosmed K5 portable indirect calorimeter, using the mixing chamber mode and face mask, with a stationary metabolic cart when measuring the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and to derive fitting equations if discrepancies are observed. Forty‐three adults (18–84 years) were assessed for their RMR for two 30‐min consecutive and counterbalanced periods using a Cosmed K5 and an Oxycon Pro. Differences among devices were tested using paired sample Student's t‐tests, and correlation and agreement were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots. Forward stepwise multiple linear regression models were performed to develop fitting equations for estimating differences among devices when assessing oxygen uptake (VO2diff, mL·min−1) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2diff, mL·min−1). Furthermore, the Oxycon Pro was tested before being confirmed as a reference device. Significant differences between devices were found in most metabolic and ventilatory parameters, including the primary outcomes of VO2 and VCO2. These differences showed an overestimation of the Cosmed K5 in all metabolic outcomes, except for Fat, when compared to the Oxycon Pro. When derived fitting equations were applied (VO2diff − 139.210 + 0.786 [weight, kg] + 1.761 [height, cm] – 0.941 [Cosmed K5 VO2, mL·min−1]; VCO2diff − 86.569 + 0.548 [weight, kg] + 0.915 [height, cm] – 0.728 [Cosmed K5 VCO2, mL·min−1]), differences were minimized, and agreement was maximized. This study provides fitting equations which allow the use of the Cosmed K5 for reasonably optimal RMR determinations.
Perceived risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Australia
Authors: Gahan Luke , Seed Clive R. , Hammoud Mohamed A. , Prestage Garrett , Hoad Veronica C. , Kaldor John M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, men who have sex with men (MSM) are deferred from blood donation for 3 months from last sexual contact. Internationally, deferral policies for MSM are evolving in the direction of expanded inclusivity in response to community expectations. To inform future policy options, we assessed perceptions of the risk of HIV transmission from blood transfusion among Australian MSM.Study Design and MethodsFlux is an online prospective cohort of Australian gay and bisexual men (cis or trans, regardless of their sexual history) and other men who have had sex with men (gbMSM). We included questions on blood donation rules, window period (WP) duration, infectivity of blood from people with HIV on treatment and attitudes to more detailed questioning of sexual practices in the regular survey of Flux participants and conducted a descriptive analysis of responses.ResultsOf 716 Flux participants in 2019, 703 responded to the blood donation questions. The mean age was 43.7 years (SD 13.6 years). Overall, 74% were willing to confidentially respond to specific sexual behavior questions, such as the last time they had sex and the type of sex they had, in order to be considered eligible to donate blood. The majority (92%) of participants correctly assessed the duration of the WP as less than 1 month. When asked whether transfusion of blood from a donor with HIV and an undetectable viral load could transmit HIV, just under half (48%) correctly said yes.ConclusionOur study suggests Australian gbMSM are generally comfortable with answering more detailed questions regarding sexual activity during the assessment to donate, indicating they would do so honestly. gbMSM are knowledgeable about the WP duration, important for their ability to correctly self‐assess their HIV risk. However, half of participants incorrectly assessed the transmissibility by blood transfusion from an HIV positive person with an undetectable viral load, suggesting the need for a targeted education campaign.
The “Claw Sign” may aid in axial localization in cases of peripherally located canine glioma on MRI
Authors: Glamann Samantha , Jeffery Nicholas D. , Levine Jonathan M. , Gremillion Christine L. , Gilmour Lindsey J. , Boudreau C. Elizabeth , Hecht Silke , Griffin John F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe “claw sign” is a radiographic sign studied in human imaging to determine if a mass arises from a solid structure or organ versus a close adjacent location, resulting in distortion of the outline of an organ. We investigated its utility in characterizing MRI axial localization of peripherally located intracranial glioma versus meningioma, due to their overlap in MRI appearance. This retrospective, secondary analysis, cross‐sectional study aimed to report the sensitivity, specificity, and inter‐ and intraobserver variabilities using kappa statistics, hypothesizing that the claw sign will have strong inter‐ and intraobserver agreement (κ > 0.8). Dogs with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of peripherally located glioma or meningioma and available 3T MRI data were retrieved from medical record archives from 2009 to 2021. A total of 27 cases, 11 glioma and 16 meningioma, were included. The postcontrast T1‐weighted images were provided to five blinded image evaluators in two separate randomized sessions separated by a 6‐week wash out period. Prior to the first evaluation, evaluators were provided with a training video and set of training cases for the “claw sign,” which were excluded from the study. Evaluators were asked to rate cases as “positive,” “negative,” or “indeterminate” for the “claw sign.” The sensitivity and specificity for the “claw sign” for the first session were 85.5% and 80%, respectively. The interobserver agreement for identifying the “claw sign” was moderate (κ = 0.48), and the intraobserver agreement across the two sessions was substantial (κ = 0.72). These findings indicate the claw sign is supportive but not pathognomonic for intra‐axial localization in cases of canine glioma on MRI.