bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on GC-MS Profiles and Effect of Ethanolic Extracts of Stem-Bark and Leaves of Daniellia oliveri on Cerebral Sodium Pump and Thiols Status in Fenton Reaction Treated Rat Organs In-vitro
Authors: Ale Ebenezer Morayo , Asuelimen Steve Osagie , Ayo Victoria Ifeoluwa , Akinseye Olanrewaju Roland , Anih David Chinonso , Habibu Bilyaminu , Samaila Siman Rambo 
Published: March 2023

Daniellia oliveri is one of the most extensively utilized medicinal plants in Nigeria and some West African countries for the treatment of various ailments. In the present study, the GC-MS profiles and effect of ethanolic extracts of stem bark and leaves of Daniellia oliveri on lipid peroxidation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and thiols status in H2O2 and Fe2+ (fenton reaction) assaulted cerebral and hepatic tissue homogenates was investigated. The stem bark and leaves were extracted with absolute ethanol for 72hrs and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. Wistar rats were euthanized and the brains and livers were removed, homogenized, centrifuged and the supernatants were used for lipid peroxidation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and thiol assays in the presence of prooxidants (1mM H2O2 or 10μM Fe2+ or H2O2 and Fe2+).The results revealed that ethanol extract of both the leaf and stem-bark inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2, Fe2+ and combination of H2O2 and Fe2+ and this was evident in the reduction of lipid peroxidation adducts formation in rat liver and brain homogenates with the stem-bark possessing more efficacy. Furthermore, the results of Na+/K+-ATPase and thiol assays revealed that H2O2 and Fe2+ inhibited the activity of cerebral Na+/K+-ATPase, while H2O2/Fe2+ caused a marked reduction in the levels of both protein and non-protein thiols in the tissues homogenates. However, the ethanolic extract of Daniellia oliveri extirpated this anomaly by increasing the activity of cerebral Na+/K+-ATPase as well as the thiol level in the rat hepatic and cerebral tissues. Finally, GC-MS analysis was carried out on the ethanolic extracts of the stem bark and leaves of Daniellia oliveri and results revealed the presence of 21 compounds including 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-amine, 1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid, 2-Ethylacridine, Ethyl 2-(2-chloroacetamido)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(3-fluoroanilino) propionate and trans-1-Butyl-2-methylcyclopropane in the stem bark and 10 compounds including Methylthio-acetonitrile, 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol, Desulphosinigrin and 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine in the leaves, justifying the observed biological activities of Daniellia oliveri and the higher potency of the stem bark may be attributed to the presence of more bioactive constituents found in it. This study therefore justifies the medicinal usage of leaves and stem-bark of Daniellia oliveri and suggests its consideration in the treatment and management of degeneration diseases with etiology associated with oxidative stress.
Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) Maternity Denning Behavior Observations at Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Surisetti Ravi Babu , Pattasi Jaya , Mallarapu Purushotham 
Published: March 2023

The Sloth bear is an average-sized black bear with a long, shaggy coat. a long ruff of hair around the back, and a white V- or Y-shaped mark on the breast. Males that are considered to be "large" often top out around 145 kg and 170 centimeters. An endangered species, the sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) is extensively spread over the Indian subcontinent, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and perhaps Bangladesh. It is found in wooded regions from the Indian peninsula to the foothills of the Himalayas. Despite the species' widespread occurrence, nothing is known about its ecology or behavior. We studied den characteristics and maternity denning behavior in captivity. The den use was more from June to August, possibly to take shelter against heavy rains from the southwest monsoon. (June - September). Breeding observed based on the association of adult females and males as well as the birth of cubs revealed that mating is likely to occur during late summer or early monsoon and cubs are born mostly during November-December. This study presents observations on den site characteristics and maternal denning behavior patterns of sloth bears in captivity at Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Visakhapatnam.
Usage of Tofacitinib as a Steroid-sparing Therapy in Pulmonary and Cutaneous Sarcoidosis
Authors: Moursi Hazem Ahmed , Ali Dalia Farrag Gomaa 
Published: March 2023

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem, granulomatous & chronic illness which typically affecting lymph nodes & lungs also any organ system. We aimed to evaluate the tofacitinib effectiveness as cutaneous & pulmonary sarcoidosis steroid-sparing treatment.
Methods: This retrospective cohort observational research was performed on 45 cases aged from 20 to 65 years old, both sexes, a forced vital capacity (FVC) >50%, histology consistent with sarcoidosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis definition by association for Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) & disease progression or symptoms necessitating 15-30 mg/day prednisone (or comparable corticosteroids) as a consistent dose of for at least 4 weeks before enrolment. The definition of Steroid-dependent disease was the necessity for steroids for disease symptoms or progression control, but pulmonary impairment on pulmonary function testing was not required. Additionally, all instances with a history of failed attempts to reduce corticosteroid doses, and their treating physicians urged steroid-sparing therapy.
Results: Pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/ FVC ratio) were significantly improved after treatment compared to baseline (P value <0.001). 41 (91.1%) patients showed pulmonary improvement. The last evaluated CSAMI activity score was significantly lower compared to baseline CSAMI activity score (6.38 ± 2.7 vs. 39.51 ± 14.1, P <0.001). The mean CSAMI activity score decrease was 33.13± 11.4%.
Conclusions: Tofacitinib is a promising strategy for of cutaneous & pulmonary sarcoidosis treatment.
Patient Cost-Sharing and Utilization of Breast Cancer Diagnostic Imaging by Patients Undergoing Subsequent Testing After a Screening Mammogram
Authors: Hughes Danny R. , Espinoza William , Fein Sarah , Rula Elizabeth Y. , McGinty Geraldine 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceOut-of-pocket costs (OOPCs) have been largely eliminated for screening mammography. However, patients still face OOPCs when undergoing subsequent diagnostic tests after the initial screening, which represents a potential barrier to those who require follow-up testing after initial testing.ObjectiveTo examine the association between the degree of patient cost-sharing and the use of diagnostic breast cancer imaging after undergoing a screening mammogram.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used medical claims from Optum’s deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database, a commercial claims database derived from a database of administrative health claims for members of large commercial and Medicare Advantage health plans. The large commercially insured cohort included female patients aged 40 years or older with no prior history of breast cancer undergoing a screening mammogram examination. Data were collected from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, and analysis was conducted from January 2021 to September 2022.ExposuresA k-means clustering machine learning algorithm was used to classify patient insurance plans by dominant cost-sharing mechanism. Plan types were then ranked by OOPCs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA multivariable 2-part hurdle regression model was used to examine the association between patient OOPCs and the number and type of diagnostic breast services undergone by patients observed to undergo subsequent testing.ResultsIn our sample, 230 845 women (220 023 [95.3%] aged 40 to 64 years; 16 810 [7.3%] Black, 16 398 [7.1%] Hispanic, and 164 702 [71.3%] White) underwent a screening mammogram in 2016. These patients were covered by 22 828 distinct insurance plans associated with 6 025 741 enrollees and 44 911 473 distinct medical claims. Plans dominated by coinsurance were found to have the lowest mean (SD) OOPCs ($945 [$1456]), followed by balanced plans ($1017 [$1386]), plans dominated by copays ($1020 [$1408]), and plans dominated by deductibles ($1186 [$1522]). Women underwent significantly fewer subsequent breast imaging procedures in dominantly copay (24 [95% CI, 11-37] procedures per 1000 women) and dominantly deductible (16 [95% CI, 5-28] procedures per 1000 women) plans compared with coinsurance plans. Patients from all plan types underwent fewer breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans than patients in the lowest OOPC plan (balanced, 5 [95% CI, 2-12] MRIs per 1000 women; copay, 6 [95% CI, 3-6] MRI per 100 women; deductible, 6 [95% CI, 3-9] MRIs per 1000 women.Conclusions and RelevanceDespite policies designed to remove financial barriers to access for breast cancer screening, significant financial barriers remain for women at risk of breast cancer.
Reinforced self‐affirmation as a method for reducing eyewitness memory conformity: An experimental examination using a modified MORI technique
Authors: Kękuś Magdalena , Chylińska Klaudia , Szpitalak Malwina , Polczyk Romuald , Ito Hiroshi , Mori Kazuo , Barzykowski Krystian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe manuscript describes an experimental investigation of a technique that might reduce memory conformity: the reinforced self‐affirmation procedure (RSA). While previous studies have already demonstrated the RSA's effectiveness in reducing other memory distortions (e.g., the misinformation effect and interrogative suggestibility), this has not been tested in the context of the co‐witness memory conformity effect. To this end, we utilized the well‐known MORI technique to study co‐witness memory conformity under well‐controlled experimental conditions. While viewing different versions of the same movie, pairs of participants were sat beside each other, believing that they were viewing the same version. Next, they answered figurs collaboratively, which guided them to discuss conflicting details. Finally, participants individually took a recognition test, but in the experimental condition this was preceded by the RSA procedure, which was expected to be an effective way of eliminating the effect of memory conformity. Unexpectedly, this assumption was not confirmed. This result is further discussed.
Bioinspired Dynamic Antifouling of Oil‐Water Separation Membrane by Bubble‐Mediated Shape Morphing
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Jianqiang , Gan Shaopeng , Liu Xilu , Zhu Lei , Xia Fujun , Luo Xiaoming , Xue Qingzhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOil–water separation membranes easily fail to oil foulants with low surface energy and high viscosity, which severely limits these membranes’ applications in treating oily wastewater. Herein, an oil–water separation membrane by bioinspired bubble‐mediated antifouling strategy is fabricated via growing hierarchical cobalt phosphide arrays on stainless steel mesh. The as‐prepared membrane is superhydrophilic/superaerophobic and electrocatalytic for hydrogen evolution under water, which helps to rapidly generate and release abundant microbubbles surrounding the oil‐fouled region on the membrane. These microbubbles can spontaneously coalesce with the oil foulants to increase their buoyancy and warp their interface tension by morphing the oil shape. And this spontaneous coalescence also increases the kinetic energy of oil foulants resulting from the decreased bubbles’ interface energy and potential energy. The synergy of the warped interface tension, increased buoyancy, and kinetic energy drives the efficiently dynamic antifouling of this membrane. This dynamic antifouling even can remove some solid sediment such as oily sand particles that causes more serious fouling of the membrane. Thus, this membrane maintains high flux (>11920 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) in the long‐term separation of oil–water and oil–sand–water emulsions by dynamically recovering the decayed flux on demand, which exhibits great potential in treating industrial oily wastewater.
Alleviate Periodontitis and Its Comorbidity Hypertension using a Nanoparticle‐Embedded Functional Hydrogel System
Authors: Xu Shuo , Hu Bin , Dong Ting , Chen Bo‐Yan , Xiong Xiao‐Jian , Du Lin‐Juan , Li Yu‐Lin , Chen Yan‐Lin , Tian Guo‐Cai , Bai Xue‐Bing , Liu Ting , Zhou Lu‐Jun , Zhang Wu‐Chang , Liu Yan , Ding Qin‐Feng , Zhang Xue‐Qing , Duan Sheng‐Zhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis and hypertension often occur as comorbidities, which need to be treated at the same time. To resolve this issue, a controlled‐release composite hydrogel approach is proposed with dual antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities as a resolution to achieve the goal of co‐treatment of comorbidities. Specifically, chitosan (CS) with inherent antibacterial properties is cross‐linked with antimicrobial peptide (AMP)‐modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form a dual antibacterial hydrogel (CS‐PA). Subsequently, curcumin loaded into biodegradable nanoparticles (CNP) are embedded in the hydrogel exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency and sustained release to achieve long‐term anti‐inflammatory activities. In a mouse model of periodontitis complicated with hypertension, CS‐PA/CNP is applied to gingival sulcus and produced an optimal therapeutic effect on periodontitis and hypertension simultaneously. The therapeutic mechanisms are deeply studied and indicated that CS‐PA/CNP exerted excellent immunoregulatory effects by suppressing the accumulation of lymphocytes and myeloid cells and enhanced the antioxidant capacity and thus the anti‐inflammatory capacity of macrophages through the glutathione metabolism pathway. In conclusion, CS‐PA/CNP has demonstrated its superior therapeutic effects and potential clinical translational value in the co‐treatment of periodontitis and hypertension, and also serves as a drug delivery platform to provide combinatorial therapeutic options for periodontitis with complicated pathogenesis.
Reprogramming Hypoxic Tumor‐Associated Macrophages by Nanoglycoclusters for Boosted Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Dan , An Hong‐Wei , Mamuti Muhetaerjiang , Zeng Xiang‐Zhong , Zheng Rui , Yang Jia , Zhou Wei , Liang Yuxin , Qin Gege , Hou Da‐Yong , Liu Xiaolong , Wang Hao , Zhao Yuliang , Fang Xiaohong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in intratumoral hypoxic regions are key drivers of immune escape. Reprogramming the hypoxic TAMs to antitumor phenotype holds great therapeutic benefits but remains challenging for current drugs. Here, an in situ activated nanoglycocluster is reported to realize effective tumor penetration and potent repolarization of hypoxic TAMs. Triggered by the hypoxia‐upregulated matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), the nanoglycocluster is self‐assembled from the administered mannose‐containing precursor glycopeptides and presents densely‐arrayed mannoses to multivalently engage with mannose receptors on M2‐like TAMs for efficient phenotype switch. By virtue of the high diffusivity of precursor glycopeptides due to their low molecular mass and weak affinity with TAMs in perivascular regions, the nanoglycoclusters are capable of substantially accumulating in hypoxic areas to strongly interact with local TAMs. This enables the efficient repolarization of overall TAMs with a higher rate than the small‐molecule drug R848 and CD40 antibody, and beneficial therapeutic effects in mouse tumor models especially when combining with PD‐1 antibody. This on‐demand activated immunoagent is endowed with tumor‐penetrating properties and inspires the design of diverse intelligent nanomedicines for hypoxia‐related cancer immunotherapy.
Optimizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery in Primates
Authors: Lam Kieu , Schreiner Petra , Leung Ada , Stainton Paul , Reid Steve , Yaworski Ed , Lutwyche Pete , Heyes James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are clinically proven to successfully deliver both small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics and larger mRNA payloads for prophylactic vaccine applications. Non‐human primates (NHPs) are generally considered to be the most predictive of human responses. However, for ethical and economic reasons, LNP compositions have historically been optimized in rodents. It has been difficult to translate LNP potency data from rodents to NHPs for intravenously (IV) administered products in particular. This presents a major challenge for preclinical drug development. An attempt to investigate LNP parameters, which have historically been optimized in rodents, is carried out, and seemingly innocuous changes are found to result in large potency differences between species. For example, the ideal particle size for NHPs (50–60 nm) is found to be smaller than for rodents (70–80 nm). Surface chemistry requirements are also different, with almost double the amount of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐conjugated lipid needed for maximal potency in NHPs. By optimizing these two parameters, approximately eight‐fold increase in protein expression from intravenously administered messenger RNA (mRNA)‐LNP in NHP is gained. The optimized formulations are well tolerated when administered repeatedly with no loss of potency. This advancement enables the design of optimal LNP products for clinical development.
Nacre‐Inspired Bacterial Cellulose/Mica Nanopaper with Excellent Mechanical and Electrical Insulating Properties by Biosynthesis
Authors: Sun Wen‐Bin , Han Zi‐Meng , Yue Xin , Zhang Hao‐Yu , Yang Kun‐Peng , Liu Zhao‐Xiang , Li De‐Han , Zhao Yu‐Xiang , Ling Zhang‐Chi , Yang Huai‐Bin , Guan Qing‐Fang , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe exploration of extreme environments has become necessary for understanding and changing nature. However, the development of functional materials suitable for extreme conditions is still insufficient. Herein, a kind of nacre‐inspired bacterial cellulose (BC)/synthetic mica (S‐Mica) nanopaper with excellent mechanical and electrical insulating properties that has excellent tolerance to extreme conditions is reported. Benefited from the nacre‐inspired structure and the 3D network of BC, the nanopaper exhibits excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile strength (375 MPa), outstanding foldability, and bending fatigue resistance. In addition, S‐Mica arranged in layers endows the nanopaper with remarkable dielectric strength (145.7 kV mm−1) and ultralong corona resistance life. Moreover, the nanopaper is highly resistant to alternating high and low temperatures, UV light, and atomic oxygen, making it an ideal candidate for extreme environment‐resistant materials.
Tailored Cysteine‐Derived Molecular Structures toward Efficient and Stable Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hao , Tian Qingwen , Xiang Wanchun , Du Yachao , Wang Zhiteng , Liu Yali , Liu Lidan , Yang Tengteng , Wu Haifeng , Nie Ting , Huang Wenliang , Najar Adel , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSurface–defect‐triggered non‐radiative charge recombination and poor stability have become the main roadblock to continued improvement in inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the main culprits are identified on the inorganic perovskite surface by first‐principles calculations, and to purposefully design a brand‐new passivator, Boc‐S‐4‐methoxy‐benzyl‐l‐cysteine (BMBC), whose multiple Lewis‐based functional groups (NH, S and CO) to suppress halide vacancies and coordinate with undercoordinated Pb2+ through typical Lewis baseacid reactions. The tailored electron‐donating methoxyl group (CH3O–) can cause an increased electron density on the benzene ring, which strengthens the interaction with undercoordinated Pb2+ via electrostatic interactions. This BMBC passivation can reduce the surface trap density, enlarge grains, prolong the charge lifetime, and cause a more suitable energy‐level alignment. In addition, the hydrophobic tert‐butyl in butoxycarbonyl (Boc‐) group ensures that BMBC is uniformly covered and prevents harmful aggregation through steric repulsion at the perovskite/hole–transporting layer (HTL) interface, thus providing a hydrophobic umbrella to resist moisture invasion. Consequently, the combination of the above increases the efficiency of CsPbI3−xBrx PSC from 18.6% to 21.8%, the highest efficiency for this type of inorganic metal halide PSCs so far, as far as it is known. Moreover, the device exhibits higher environmental and thermal stability.
Boosting Trapping in Dark Mode and Emission in Bright Mode using a Quad‐Nanohole
Authors: Yu Yarong , Wu Dan , Lou Yuanhao , Dong Jiayao , Min Qiuhong , Ma Jian , Wu Bei , Zhang Hongyuan , Wang Yirui , Tang Hongwu , Pang Yuanjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle‐emitter luminescence is attractive for various applications, including single‐molecular biology, super‐resolution optical imaging, and single‐photon sources. Optical trapping as a particle positioning method is promising for enhancing luminescence by a precise matching of the nanoemitter to the sub‐wavelength mode volume of the photonic structure. Simultaneously satisfying the requirement of both luminescence and trapping enhancement, however, is challenging. Here, stable optical trapping and the in situ excitation of highly bright photoluminescence of a single up‐conversion nanoparticle (UCNP) are demonstrated. A quad‐nanohole structure with two bright‐field modes for enhanced excitation and emission of the UCNP, as well as a dark‐field mode for enhanced optical trapping is designed. It is experimentally demonstrated that the photoluminescence of the UCNP optically trapped in the quad‐nanohole is enhanced by a factor of 87 (as compared to a UCNP trapped in the single nanohole), and this enhancement factor surpasses that from a bowtie nanohole—one of the “gold standards” for local field enhancement. This work provides a route to assemble super‐bright single‐emitter luminescence by optical trapping.
Experimental Implementation of Metasurfaces for Secure Multi‐Channel Image Encryption in the Infrared
Authors: Audhkhasi Romil , Lien Max R. , Povinelli Michelle L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ability to tailor light–matter interactions using artificially engineered materials has opened up new avenues for secure data storage and communication. This work presents an experimental investigation of metasurfaces for secure, multi‐channel image encryption in the infrared (IR). The proposed metasurfaces consist of an array of pixels, each designed to produce a wavelength‐ and polarization‐dependent IR absorptivity. A basis set of pixels is designed for encrypting images of arbitrary resolution on a given number of wavelength and polarization channels. These pixels are fabricated, and their spectral response is experimentally measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The measured data is used to emulate the encryption and decryption of binary and 8‐bit grayscale images. Finally, the security of the encryption scheme proposed in this work is evaluated by performing statistical analyses on the image data stored on different channels. The results presented in this study suggest intriguing possibilities for the development of encrypted tagging technologies in the infrared and thus have implications for secure object identification and anti‐counterfeiting.