bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised learning spectral functions with neural networks
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Shi Shuzhe , Zhou Kai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Reconstructing spectral functions from Euclidean Green’s functions is an ill-posed inverse problem that is crucial for understanding the properties of many-body systems. In this proceeding, we propose an automatic differentiation (AD) framework utilizing neural network representations for spectral reconstruction from propagator observables. We construct spectral functions using neural networks and optimize the network parameters unsupervisedly based on the reconstruction error of the propagator. Compared to the maximum entropy method, the AD framework demonstrates better performance in situations with high noise levels. It is noteworthy that neural network representations provide non-local regularization, which has the potential to significantly improve the solution of inverse problems.
Exploration of extreme QCD matter with deep learning
Authors: Zhou Kai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To study hot and dense nuclear matter, relativistic nuclear collisions are carried out experimentally, while lattice field theory provides a first-principles investigation. Meanwhile, astronomical observations of neutron stars also provide constraints on cold and dense nuclear matter. In this talk, I present the potential of deep learning based strategies to aid the exploration of QCD matter under extreme conditions, ranging from identifying essential physics from nuclear collision experiments, to facilitating lattice QCD data analysis, to efficiently exploiting astronomical observations in extracting the dense matter equation of state.
Yolov5 Vehicle Detection Model in Fog Based on Channel Attention Enhancement
Authors: Haoran Li , Li Xu , Yin Zhang , Xiangyuan Fu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Vehicle detection in foggy weather plays an indispensable role in the field of intelligent transportation. This article proposes an improved YOLOv5 vehicle detection model based on the problems of insufficient detection accuracy and high fault tolerance of most algorithms in foggy weather. First, the AOD-Net network is used for defogging preprocessing of the original image. Then, the SE attention mechanism is fused in the C3 module of the Backbone feature extraction backbone network to adaptively allocate weight information, enhance the attention to important features, and reduce the impact of noise and irrelevant information. Finally, BiFPN is used in the Neck feature fusion network to replace the original PANet and enhance the model’s feature fusion ability. Experiments are conducted on the Cityscapes and RTTS datasets, and the results show that the improved YOLOv5 algorithm in this article has significant improvements in precision, recall rate, and average precision mean compared to the original model, with increases of 8.4%, 9.5%, and 9.2%, respectively. It can better adapt to vehicle detection tasks in foggy weather.
Optimization of smart bus scheduling based on dynamic speed limit of load rate
Authors: Ye Zimeng , Zhang Dabin , Liu Li 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that fixed speed limit and static regular scheduling of single-type bus cannot meet the actual passenger flow demand with uneven distribution of time and space. By designing a dynamic speed limit rule of full load rate, based on the integrated scheduling of multiple types of bus models, taking the total passenger cost and bus scheduling cost as the overall optimization objective, and considering various constraints comprehensively, OBLESGA (Opposition-based learning elite strategy genetic algorithm) was designed to solve the problem, and the data of Beijing 563 route downlink was taken as an example for simulation experiment. The results show that OBLESGA can improve the convergence rate and solution accuracy of GA. At the same time, the optimized scheduling can reduce the cost of passenger congestion by 86.61 percent and the cost of passenger waiting times by 40.65 percent compared to traditional scheduling, while only increasing operating costs by 26.57 percent.
B-spline based Extended target tracking technology in cluttered environments
Authors: He Fan , Wan Lilong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of tracking single extended targets in a cluttered environment, this thesis proposes a B-spline based probabilistic data association extended target tracking method (ET-BS-PDA). Firstly, the state of the extended target is modelled using B-sample strips, secondly, all events associated with the extended target will be counted based on valid measurements, and the probability of the associated events will be computed using the full probability principle. Finally, we use probabilistic data association algorithms to update state and covariance of extended targets and verify effectiveness of extended target tracking algorithms in cluttered environments through simulations.
RAMS assessment approach of self-consistent energy system in highway service areas
Authors: Li Y B , Wang J Y , Wang Q C , Shi B , Chen J S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Self-consistent energy system (SCES) that integrates volatile renewable energy, challenges power system operation of highway service areas. How to evaluate its resilience and energy efficiency is a key issue for the entire SCES. In this paper, we investigate the assessment approach of SCES. Based on the electricity consumption model consisting of different functional sections of SCES in service areas, by deriving the corresponding three-level indicators from the different functional sections, we propose a new SCES assessment approach from four aspects: reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety (RAMS). Simulation results show that the proposed approach can comprehensively and accurately assess the RAMS of SCES, provides data support for improving the resilience and energy efficiency of SCES, and gives a guide for the development of SCES.
An adaptive method for oscillations monitoring in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy
Authors: Li Yongqi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an adaptive monitoring method for wideband, multimodal, and time-varying oscillations in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy. The method is based on the sliding windowed interpolation FFT (SWIFFT) technique and adaptive threshold spectral filtering method to accurately identify the amplitude, frequency, phase, and damping coefficients of the oscillation modes in each segment. Additionally, the time-domain relationships of these parameters are established, enabling real-time monitoring of the oscillations. Finally, the proposed method is tested using a 5-mode example signal and a simulation system measurement signal. The results demonstrate that this method can accurately identify the parameters of complex oscillation signals, enabling real-time monitoring of oscillations. It exhibits flexibility in adapting to various oscillation scenarios and meets the signal characteristic requirements in modern power systems.
Quantitative attribution of historical anthropogenic warming on the extreme rainfall event over Henan in July 2021
Authors: Zhao Dajun , Xu Hongxiong , Wang Hui , Yu Yubin , Duan Yihong , Chen Lianshou 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The ‘21·7’ Henan extreme rainfall event (HNER) caused severe damage and many fatalities. The daily precipitation during this event (from 1200 UTC on 19 July 2021–1200 UTC on 20 July 2021) was 552.5 mm and the maximum hourly precipitation was 201.9 mm (at 0900 UTC on 20 July 2021). Previous studies have suggested that an evaluation of the role of anthropogenic climate change in extreme rainfall events is crucial in disaster prevention and mitigation under the current global climate crisis. We examined the changes in the coverage and intensity of extreme rainfall during the ‘21·7’ HNER event under anthropogenic climate change using a set of convective permitting simulations. Our results showed that the regional-average magnitude of the 48 h accumulated rainfall during the ‘21·7’ HNER was increased by 5.7% (95% confidence interval: 4%–11%), which is in agreement with the Clausius–Clapeyron rate, while the area of extreme rainfall (⩾500 mm) increased by 29.9% (95% confidence interval: 21%–40%) as a result of anthropogenic climate change over the Henan region during the late 20th century. Anthropogenic climate change has led to a warm moist tongue over the target region, which has increased the column-integrated water vapor content and induced an anomalous cyclone–anticyclone pair. Anthropogenic warming has caused stronger southerly and southeasterly winds, leading to stronger convergence in the lower troposphere, stronger updrafts in the mid-troposphere and stronger divergent winds in the upper levels. These effects have all contributed to the increase in rainfall. These results enhance our understanding of the dynamic effects of anthropogenic warming on the ‘21·7’ HNER and provide additional evidence that anthropogenic warming increased the magnitude of the ‘21·7’ HNER in China.
Four-wave mixing in all degrees of freedom
Authors: Roux Filippus S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A Wigner functional approach is used to derive an evolution equation for a photonic state propagating through a Kerr medium. The resulting evolution equation incorporates all the spatiotemporal degrees of freedom together with the photon-number degrees of freedom and thus allows thorough analyses of the effects of experimental parameters in physical quantum information systems. We then use the evolution equation to consider four-wave mixing as a spontaneous process and finally we impose some approximations to obtain an expression for the optical field due to self-phase modulation.
Removal of Reactive Black-5 Dye by Adsorption Using Rhamnus pits as Agriculture Waste for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Habeeb Shahd Dhahir , Ghawi Ali Hadi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The ability of reuse the agriculture waste to absorb Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye from textile waste water is being investigated in this study. Rhamnus pits (RP) was used as an available waste material as an adsorbent by inciting and impregnating it with a strong base (KOH) and a strong acid (HCL) to produce a substance with high adsorption efficiency. The impregnation process was carried out in stages. First, the RP stones was incited at a temperature of 300 °C by the carbonization process, and then a part of the sample was impregnated with hydrochloric acid HCL (a strong acid) and a sample with sodium hydroxide KOH (a strong base), and then it was incited by the activation process by inciting it at a temperature of 600 °C. There were three types of adsorbents: one without impregnation, one impregnated with a strong acid, and one impregnated with a strong base. These samples were used for dye adsorption (RB5). Several factors and their impact on the adsorption procedure were investigated and utilized to calculate the adsorption capacity and the highest adsorption rate. It declared that the best removal percentage was achieved when impregnated with KOH (94.22%) and HCL (86.42%), while the free sample without impregnation had a 58% removal efficiency. The adsorption process was done at a temperature of 30 °C (86 °F), dose 0.05 g/10 ml of dye solution, time of 60 minutes, and 25 mg/l concentration of dye solution. Two standard adsorption isotherm models were used to determine the equilibrium adsorption curves. The Langmuir isotherm model provided a decent match to the data for RP pits activated with KOH. Adsorption kinetics were investigated using two different kinetic models: pseudo-second order and pseudo-first order. It was shown that the adsorption rate increases dramatically at first and then decreases to reach equilibrium. The data were showed good match by the model of the pseudo-second order with a confidence level of 0.9997.
Equilibrium Isotherm and Kinetic Modeling for Lead (II) Adsorption on The Modified Rice Husk as Sustainable Applications to Produce Activated Carbon Alternatives
Authors: Gzar Hatem A. , Rewaeh Saja F. , Azeez Marwaa K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study is the assessment the performance of the suggested adsorbent. After testing a number of pH values to achieve this objective, it was found that the best lead ion removal efficiency occurred during batch studies at pH 5. According to studies on how agitation speed affects batch adsorption, 180 rpm is the appropriate shaking speed. The optimal contact time for the operation was 180 minutes. Furthermore, as the contact time rose, the adsorption effectiveness improved. The effectiveness of the rice husk’s absorptive ability and elimination of Lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. The findings revealed that Pb has 92% elimination efficiency. The greatest capacity of Pb adsorption of the suggested adsorbent in a batch system was 6.93 mg/g. Three models have fitted to a number of equilibrium isothermal tests: Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. With a correlation coefficient of R2 0.98, the Freundlich isotherm model offered the greatest match-up with the experiments for this system. The rice husk equilibrium isotherms were of a favorable type. The kinetics of lead ions adsorption onto rice husk appears to be best described by the intra-particle diffusion model. According to the correlation coefficient (R
2) comparison values of each curve for the four models where were the values (Intra-particle diffusion > Pseudo-Second Order > Pseudo-First Order > Elovich). The findings suggest that rice husk is a potential material for eliminating impurities and pollutants from wastewater. It is a powerful adsorbent that is capable of efficiently removing a number of heavy metal contaminants from wastewater.
Performance of Combined Sedimentation and Constructed Wetland System for Blackwater treatment
Authors: Al-Sulaiman Ahmed Makki , Hadi Noor Hakam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A constructed wetland system pilot project was constructed in 2022 in one of the houses in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq. This system is a constructed wetland system (CWS). This system was planted with Typha domingensis. The present research deals with blackwater collected from a single house in Iraq’s Al-Diwaniyah Governorate. This house consists of three apartments. Water from these flats is drained into separate water manholes (BW and GW). Black water (BW) collected is the subject of the current study, where the black water was discharged from the manhole to the constructed wetland station in the house. This study is to investigate various treatment processes for treating blackwater for reuse. Blackwater treatment was examined first in batch tests to define optimal operating conditions, which include the settling time. The experimental method involves evaluation of the treated effluent to reach the allowable limits of water reuse according to Iraqi quality standards to reuse the water for irrigation (IQS 2012) and Egypt’s reclaimed water reuse standards (Egypt Decree 2013). The efficiency of a sedimentation operation was examined from to determine the optimum time. Further treatment by Constructed wetland was examined. Final overall removal rates for TSS, BOD5, COD, TP, and TN were 97.16%, 91%, 81%, 63%, and 69.2%, respectively. The present study that Constructed wetland could successfully efficient to removing the contamination by saving space, energy and labor less.
Studying the Transmission Behavior of Two-Phase Flow Oil-Water Mixing Using a Laboratory Multiple Porous Media Model
Authors: Thijeel Zahraa A. , Muhsun Sadiq S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The formation and flow of emulsions in porous media are common to all technologies used to extract or process oil. In most cases, oil and water emulsions are formed in a porous medium due to oil spills near watery areas or soils containing water. This emulsion leads to a reaction between oil and water, which finds its way to the porous medium. The detailed flow mechanisms of emulsions through porous media are not well understood. In this study, the soil’s oil percentage variation was studied when sand was introduced or an emulsion, i.e., mixed with water, and two porous media, different in composition and physical properties, were used to find out their effect on oil transmission. The percentage of oil and water was calculated at several points at different distances and times. It was noted that the results differed in both mediums due to the difference in permeability, porosity, arrangement of soil particles, compaction process, and other physical properties. Liquids’ viscosity, density, and chemical composition clearly and significantly affect the results. The time for the oil to reach the last point in the pipe differed for both soils. If the time period in the experiment of pumping oil only in sandy soil took 6 hours and the washing process took 3 hours. In organic soil, the time period for the pollutant pumping stage took about 7 hours and the washing stage about 4 hours because the oil is transmitted in sandy soil is faster, but in the experiment of pumping oil and water together, the time period in the process of pumping oil and water together in sandy soil took 4 hours and the washing process 3 hours In organic soil, the period of pumping oil and water together took 5 hours, and the washing period 3 hours, because the percentage of oil was less than in the experiment of pumping oil only. In the soil, that is, if the period of pumping the pollutant increased for more than 15 hours, the oil may reach a distance of more than 4 meters in the soil. As for the washing process, when the oil is mixed with water, it gives better results when washing it than if the oil enters alone into the soil because the proportions of oil when it enters the soil together with the water, it is little and does not rise much, so it is easy to wash.
Sorption Kinects and Equilibrium for The Removal of Cadmium and Lead from Aqueous Phase on Rice Husk in Inverse Fluidization Technique
Authors: Rewaeh Saja F. , Gzar Hatem A. , Azeez Marwaa K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The objectives of this study are to use the inverse fluidization technique to remove heavy metals from wastewater using inexpensive agricultural waste (Rice Husks) and to investigate the effects of operating factors on the dynamic behavior of the adsorption procedure in the inverse fluidized bed, such as the mass of modified rice husks, flow rate (Q), and particle size (dp
). During batch experiments, the best metal ion removal effectiveness was found to be at pH 5, which was discovered after investigating several pH values to achieve this goal. The ideal shaking speed for batch adsorption was 180 rpm. Adsorption efficiency was seen to rise as contact time in the process increased, and the ideal contact time was 3 hours. According to the findings, Cd and Pb had high removal efficiencies from aqueous solutions, 96.83 percent and 91.90%, respectively. Continuous column experiments (inverse fluidized bed) were used to confirm the adsorbent loading capacities for cadmium and lead, which were evaluated by batch research. The proposed adsorbent’s highest adsorption capacity in a batch system was determined to be 7.38 mg/g for Cd and 6.93 mg/g for Pb. Three models-Temkin, Freundlich, and Langmuir-were fitted to a series of equilibrium isothermal tests. The Freundlich isotherm model, with correlation coefficients R2 of 0.98 for Pb and 0.97 for Cd, offered the best fit to the experimental data for this system. The rice husk equilibrium isotherms were determined to be of a favorite kind. To investigate the impact of initial concentrations, bed depth, flow rate, and particle size at a temperature of 30 on the effectiveness of the adsorption process, numerous experiments were conducted in an inverse fluidized bed column. According to the results, rice husk appears to be a material that shows promise for cleaning wastewater of contaminants and toxins.
Hydrothermal liquefaction of animal by product waste using zeolite catalyst: A Mini-review
Authors: Hassan Noor K. , Jazie Ali A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In view of the worldwide challenges posed by rising pollution and fossil fuel usage, it is imperative that we adopt a new energy strategy that makes use of all available refuse and vegetation to generate electricity. This is the safest and most effective way to address this worldwide issue. The process of hydrothermal liquefaction converting dry and moist material, such as (agricultural and animal waste, algae, and foodstock waste) into bio-crude in the presence of high temps and pressure in a watery medium is a potential technology in the area of renewable energy. When producing bio-crude, it is better to use solvents and catalysts to improve biomass liquefaction and boost output. As such, this review provided a brief overview of the research into the mechanism of HTL processes and biomass represented by animal by-products, their transformation, and the production of bio-crude; the effect and effectiveness of zeolite used as a catalyst in the hydrothermal liquefaction process; the energy efficiency of the process; and the effect of parameters such as heat, pressure, and process residence time; all with the goal of developing better pathways.
Recent trends on sewage sludge transesterification: review
Authors: Jumah Fatima A. , Jazie Ali A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The need for non-existent or low-cost sources to be a feedstock for the biodiesel industry as a source of lipids has led to the trend of sewage sludge (containing high fat content) and thinking about it and finding ways to benefit from it. On the other hand, he use of sludge is an environmental treatment, as it rids the environment of tons of sludge produced daily and a solution to a problem for treatment plants that were looking for ways and solutions to get rid of it and save the cost of getting rid of it and converting it into clean and promising energy. It was found that the sewage sludge in all its primary and secondary types is a feedstock rich in free fatty acids (FFA), which is the raw material for the production of biodiesel, while treating it with one of the types of catalyst alcohols. According to a review of previous studies, it was found that acidic catalysts are most suitable for biodiesel production from sewage sludge, because sewage sludge has a free fatty acid content of 65-70%, which is a high percentage. It is a severely high percentage of free fatty acids found in pure vegetable oils that do not exceed 5%. The heterogeneous acid catalysts were preferred over the homogeneous ones because of the satisfactory results they provided and the high productivity of biodiesel compared to the homogeneous ones, and they are more economical as they can be reused more than once, but also many times. Reacting sewage sludge lipids with a type of catalyst alcohol and forming biodiesel called transesterification or esterification, and it may be traditional or in-site, and in-site is more important and economical than conventional. It was found from previous references that heterogeneous catalysts in general and zeolite types in particular are the most suitable for oil extracted from sewage sludge. Where The yield reached 100% using a type of zeolite.