bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xylazine effects on opioid-induced brain hypoxia
Authors: Choi Shinbe , Irwin Matthew R. , Kiyatkin Eugene A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractXylazine has emerged in recent years as an adulterant in an increasing number of opioid-positive overdose deaths in the United States. Although its exact role in opioid-induced overdose deaths is largely unknown, xylazine is known to depress vital functions and cause hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, and respiratory depression. In this study, we examined the brain-specific hypothermic and hypoxic effects of xylazine and its mixtures with fentanyl and heroin in freely moving rats. In the temperature experiment, we found that intravenous xylazine at low, human-relevant doses (0.33, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreases locomotor activity and induces modest but prolonged brain and body hypothermia. In the electrochemical experiment, we found that xylazine at the same doses dose-dependently decreases nucleus accumbens oxygenation. In contrast to relatively weak and prolonged decreases induced by xylazine, intravenous fentanyl (20 μg/kg) and heroin (600 μg/kg) induce stronger biphasic brain oxygen responses, with the initial rapid and strong decrease, resulting from respiratory depression, followed by a slower, more prolonged increase reflecting a post-hypoxic compensatory phase, with fentanyl acting much quicker than heroin. The xylazine-fentanyl mixture eliminated the hyperoxic phase of oxygen response and prolonged brain hypoxia, suggesting xylazine-induced attenuation of the brain’s compensatory mechanisms to counteract brain hypoxia. The xylazine-heroin mixture strongly potentiated the initial oxygen decrease, and the pattern lacked the hyperoxic portion of the biphasic oxygen response, suggesting more robust and prolonged brain hypoxia. These findings suggest that xylazine exacerbates the life-threatening effects of opioids, proposing worsened brain hypoxia as the mechanism contributing to xylazine-positive opioid-overdose deaths.
Spatial and seasonal variation in thermal sensitivity within North American bird species
Authors: Cohen Jeremy M. , Fink Daniel , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResponses of wildlife to climate change are typically quantified at the species level, but physiological evidence suggests significant intraspecific variation in thermal sensitivity (non-stationarity) given adaptation to local and seasonal environments. Non-stationarity carries important implications for climate change vulnerability; for instance, sensitivity to extreme weather may increase in specific regions or seasons. Here, we leverage high-resolution observational data from eBird to understand regional and seasonal variation in thermal sensitivity for 20 bird species. Across their ranges, most birds demonstrated spatial and seasonal variation in both thermal optimum and breadth, or the temperature and range of temperatures of peak occurrence. Some birds demonstrated constant thermal optima or breadths (stationarity) while others varied according to local and current environmental conditions (non-stationarity). Across species, birds typically invested in either geographic or seasonal adaptation to climate. Intraspecific variation in thermal sensitivity is likely an important but neglected aspect of organismal responses to climate change.
Response inhibition and error-monitoring in cystinosis (CTNS gene mutations): Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of a diverse set of difficulties
Authors: Francisco Ana A. , Foxe John J. , Berruti Alaina , Horsthuis Douwe J. , Molholm Sophie 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTCystinosis, a rare lysosomal storage disease, is characterized by cystine crystallization and accumulation within tissues and organs, including the kidneys and brain. Its impact on neural function appears mild relative to its effects on other organs, but therapeutic advances have led to substantially increased life expectancy, necessitating deeper understanding of its impact on neurocognitive function. Behaviorally, some deficits in executive function have been noted in this population, but the underlying neural processes are not understood. Using standardized cognitive assessments and a Go/No-Go response inhibition task in conjunction with high-density electrophysiological recordings (EEG), we sought to investigate the behavioral and neural dynamics of inhibition of a prepotent response and of error monitoring (critical components of executive function) in individuals with cystinosis, when compared to age-matched controls. Thirty-seven individuals diagnosed with cystinosis (7-36 years old, 24 women) and 45 age-matched controls (27 women) participated in this study. Analyses focused on N2 and P3 No-Go responses and error-related positivity (Pe). Atypical inhibitory processing was shown behaviorally. Electrophysiological differences were additionally found between the groups, with individuals with cystinosis showing larger No-Go P3s. Error-monitoring was likewise different between the groups, with those with cystinosis showing reduced Pe amplitudes.
Shifts in colour morph frequencies along an urbanisation gradient in the ground beetlePterostichus madidus
Authors: Dahirel Maxime , Audusseau Hélène , Croci Solène 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCities impose strong ecological constraints on many species. It is often difficult to know whether phenotypic responses to urbanisation are due to (adaptive) evolutionary responses, as opposed to e.g. plastic responses. A solution is to focus on traits for which variation is only or mostly genetic in origin, since changes are then likely to reflect evolutionary processes. For this purpose, we studied the leg-colour polymorphism of a common carabid beetle,Pterostichus madidus, along an urbanisation gradient. We observed that black-legged individuals were more frequent than red-legged individuals in urban areas. Whether these changes result from natural selection or non-selective evolutionary forces is uncertain. However, if this phenotypic change is adaptive in nature, higher urban temperatures are likely to be the driver. Specifically, our results are consistent with previous data showing that black-legged individuals have a behavioural advantage in warmer (micro)climates, and contradict the thermal melanism hypothesis that predicts they would experience stronger negative effects of higher temperatures in cities.
Eating an elephant, one bite at a time: predator interactions at carrion bonanzas
Authors: Morris Aaron W. , Smith Ian , Chakrabarti Stotra , Lala Fredrick , Nyagah Stephen , Bump Joseph K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResource specific competition between predators has typically been studied from their interactions at meso-herbivore carcasses, because such carcasses are abundant. Mega-carcasses like those of elephants are rare but unparalleled in the extent of carrion biomass they offer and the long durations they can persist. These rare resource bonanzas can thus provide unique opportunities to understand sympatric species interactions within likely relaxed competitive scenarios. Using remote cameras that were operational 24-h a day, we monitored two elephant carcasses in Tsavo, Kenya, from when they were discovered until they were completely consumed or became inaccessible. While we found high temporal overlaps in activity patterns between all predators, the terrestrial predator guild (lion/leopard/spotted hyena) was not observed to feed simultaneously, suggesting strong interference competition. Based on photo-analysis and video-evidence of exclusion from a carcass, interference competition within the terrestrial predator guild favored lions over hyenas, and hyenas over leopards. The carcass at the terrestrial-aquatic interface showed more simultaneous feeding bouts between predators (crocodile/spotted hyena), indicating either facilitation and/or higher coexistence between predators that typically occupy different niches. We also observed a hippopotamus scavenging from an elephant carcass, thereby documenting a rare instance of a megaherbivore feeding on a megaherbivore. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring such carcasses through remote cameras, which can significantly add to our existing understanding of food webs and carrion ecology.
A Database of Restriction Maps to Expand the Utility of Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes
Authors: Winden Eamon , Vasquez-Echeverri Alejandro , Calle-Casteneda Susana , Lian Yumin , Hernández-Ortiz Juan Pablo , Schwartz David C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes were once a key resource for the genomic community, they have been obviated, for sequencing purposes, by long-read technologies. Such libraries may now serve as a valuable resource for manipulating and assembling large genomic constructs. To enhance accessibility and comparison, we have developed a BAC restriction map database.
Intraprocedural Doppler and Invasive Hemodynamic Profiling Predict Clinical Outcomes After Mitral TEER
Authors: Zaid Syed , Wessly Priscilla , Hatab Taha , Khan Safi U , Faza Nadeen , Little Stephen H , Atkins Marvin D , Reardon Michael J , Kleiman Neal S , Zoghbi William A , Goel Sachin S 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhether intraprocedural changes in left atrial pressure and Doppler Echocardiographic parameters are synergistic in predicting outcomes after mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is not currently known. We sought to evaluate real-time changes in invasive hemodynamics and non-invasive Doppler to develop intraprocedural profiles and assess their impact on clinical outcomes after TEER for MR.MethodsIntraprocedural changes in hemodynamics and Doppler flow with transesophageal echocardiography were assessed in 181 patients with significant MR (51.9% primary MR) undergoing TEER between 2014 and 2022. Independent predictors of the primary composite endpoint of 1-year mortality and heart failure hospitalization (HFH) were identified using multivariable Cox-regression. With receiver operating characteristic curve-derived thresholds for the predictors of the primary end-point, patients were stratified into hemodynamic profiles based on the number of predictors present, and their impact on outcomes was examined.ResultsMedian follow-up was 21.3 months (IQR:11.3-36.5), with 1-year mortality and HFH rates of 19.3% and 12.7%, respectively. Residual mean left atrial pressure (mLAP) [HR=1.073/mmHg (1.03-1.12)], a lesser degree of MR reduction [HR=0.65/grade (0.45-0.93)], and lesser increment in PV systolic time velocity integral (S-VTI) [HR=0.95/cm (0.91-0.99)] were independent predictors of 1-year mortality/HFH. MR reduction by <3 grades (33.1%), S-VTI increment ≤8cm (33.9%), and residual mLAP >15mmHg (43.6%) were the most predictive thresholds. Optimal profile (0 predictors), Mixed (1 predictor) and Poor profile (≥2 predictors) were present in 28.7%, 39.2% and 32.0% of cases respectively. Two-year cumulative event-free survival was 60.1% overall, and higher in patients with optimal profile compared to mixed/poor groups (84.7% vs 55.5% vs 43.3%, P<0.001). There was an incremental risk of mortality/HFH with each profile overall [HR=1.75/profile (1.34-2.29)], and within primary MR [HR=1.64/profile (1.15-2.36)] and secondary MR [HR=1.77/profile (1.17-2.68)] cohorts. There was also an incremental risk of mortality alone with each profile [HR=1.65/profile (1.22-2.22)]. Hemodynamic profile was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality [HR=1.98/profile (1.21-3.25)] after TEER, along with baseline tricuspid regurgitation severity [HR=1.55/grade (1.10-2.19)], and post-procedural transmitral mean gradient>5mmHg [HR=2.32 (1.17-4.61)].ConclusionIntraprocedural hemodynamic profiling integrating changes in invasive hemodynamics and non-invasive doppler provide prognostic information in patients undergoing TEER and may provide real-time intraprocedural guidance to optimize long-term clinical outcomes.
Exploratory Study to Characterise the Individual Types of Health Literacy and Beliefs and Their Associations with Infection Prevention Behaviours amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yagihashi Mao , Murakami Michio , Kato Mai , Yamamura Asayo , Miura Asako , Hirai Kei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring a global infectious disease pandemic such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), individuals’ infection prevention/risk-taking behaviours are likely to differ depending on their health literacy and beliefs regarding the disease. To effectively promote infection prevention behaviours, it is necessary to enable information dissemination and risk communication that consider individuals’ health literacy and beliefs. In this study, we exploratorily characterised segments based on individual health literacy and beliefs regarding COVID-19 among the Japanese during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, and investigated whether infection prevention/risk-taking behaviours and fear of COVID-19 differed among these segments.MethodsIn this study, we conducted two web-based longitudinal surveys in Japan (PHASE 1, 1–30 November 2020, 6,000 participants; PHASE 2, 1–31 December 2020, 3,800 participants). We characterised segments of the target population using cluster analysis on health literacy and beliefs regarding COVID-19 obtained in PHASE 1. We further investigated the associations between the clusters and infection prevention/risk-taking behaviours and fear of COVID-19, obtained from PHASE 2.ResultsFive clusters were identified: ‘Calm/hoax denial’, ‘Hoax affinity/threat denial’, ‘Minority/indifference’, ‘Over vigilance’, and ‘Optimism’. There were significant differences in infection prevention/risk-taking behaviours and fear of COVID-19 among the five clusters. The belief in susceptibility to infection, rather than affinity for hoaxes and conspiracy theories, was coherently associated with infection prevention/risk-taking behaviours and fear of infection across clusters. This study provides foundational knowledge for creating segment-specific public messages and developing interactive risk communication to encourage infection prevention behaviours.
Explicit Motor Imaging Abilities are Similar in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Chronic Limb Pain and Healthy Individuals: a cross sectional study
Authors: Cohen-Aknine G. , Homs A.F. , Mottet D. , Mura T. , Jedryka F. , Dupeyron A. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition characterised by peripheral and central sensory and motor dysfunction. Implicit motor imagery is known to be impaired in these patients, but evidence is still lacking for explicit motor imagery. Using a self-rated questionnaire, this study aims to compare explicit motor imagery abilities between individuals with CRPS, with chronic limb pain (CLP) and healthy controls and also examine differences between affected and unaffected limbs.MethodsIn this single-centre observational study, 123 participants were recruited (CRPS = 40, chronic limb pain, CLP = 40, and healthy individuals = 43). Participants completed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire - Revised Second (MIQ-RS) once for each body side. The total MIQ-RS score, and the kinesthetic and visual subscores were compared between groups and between the affected and unaffected sides.ResultsThe MIQ-RS revealed no significant differences in explicit motor imagery abilities, neither between groups nor between the affected and unaffected side. Null Hypothesis Bayesian Testing on kinesthetic motor imagery abilities indicated a sevenfold likelihood of no differences between groups and a more than fivefold likelihood of no differences between sides.ConclusionCRPS and chronic limb pain individuals showed preserved explicit motor imagery abilities, notably on the pain side. The preservation of these abilities supports the recommendation of mental imagery therapy to improve motor function and relieve pain in chronic pain patients.
Neuronal and Astrocyte Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Signaling Differentially Modulates Ischemic Stroke Damage
Authors: Hayes Cellas A. , Morgan Nyah I. , Thomas Kamryn C. , Pushie M. Jake. , Vijayasankar Akshaya , Ashmore Brandon G. , Wontor Kendall , De Leon Miguel A. , Ashpole Nicole M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, as therapeutic options for mitigating the long-term deficits precipitated by the event remain limited. Acute administration of the neuroendocrine modulator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) attenuates ischemic stroke damage in preclinical models, and clinical studies suggest IGF-1 can reduce the risk of stroke and improve overall outcomes. The cellular mechanism by which IGF-1 exerts this protection is poorly defined, as all cells within the neurovascular unit express the IGF-1 receptor. We hypothesize that the functional regulation of both neurons and astrocytes by IGF-1 is critical in minimizing damage in ischemic stroke. To test this, we utilized inducible astrocyte-specific or neuron-specific transgenic mouse models to selectively reduce IGF-1R in the adult mouse brain prior to photothrombotic stroke. Acute changes in blood brain barrier permeability, microglial activation, systemic inflammation, and biochemical composition of the brain were assessed 3 hours following photothrombosis, and significant protection was observed in mice deficient in neuronal and astrocytic IGF-1R. When the extent of tissue damage and sensorimotor dysfunction was assessed for 3 days following stroke, only the neurological deficit score continued to show improvements, and the extent of improvement was enhanced with additional IGF-1 supplementation. Overall, results indicate that neuronal and astrocytic IGF-1 signaling influences stroke damage but IGF-1 signaling within these individual cell types is not required for minimizing tissue damage or behavioral outcome.
Using synchronized brain rhythms to bias memory-guided decisions
Authors: Stout J. J. , George A. E. , Kim S. , Hallock H. L. , Griffin A. L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFunctional interactions between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as revealed by strong oscillatory synchronization in the theta (6-11 Hz) frequency range, correlate with memory-guided decision-making. However, the degree to which this form of long-range synchronization influences memory-guided choice remains unclear. We developed a brain machine interface that initiated task trials based on the magnitude of prefrontal hippocampal theta synchronization, then measured choice outcomes. Trials initiated based on strong prefrontal-hippocampal theta synchrony were more likely to be correct compared to control trials on both working memory-dependent and -independent tasks. Prefrontal-thalamic neural interactions increased with prefrontal-hippocampal synchrony and optogenetic activation of the ventral midline thalamus primarily entrained prefrontal theta rhythms, but dynamically modulated synchrony. Together, our results show that prefrontal-hippocampal theta synchronization leads to a higher probability of a correct choice and strengthens prefrontal-thalamic dialogue. Our findings reveal new insights into the neural circuit dynamics underlying memory-guided choices and highlight a promising technique to potentiate cognitive processes or behavior via brain machine interfacing.
Adoption of the World Health Organization’s best practices in clinical trial registration and reporting among top public and philanthropic funders of medical research in the United States
Authors: Gamertsfelder Elise , Delgado Figueroa Netzahualpilli , Keestra Sarai , Silva Alan , Borana Ronak , Siebert Maximilian , Bruckner Till 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground/AimsClinical trial funders in the United States have the opportunity to promote transparency, reduce research waste, and prevent publication bias by adopting policies that require grantees to appropriately preregister trials and report their results, as well as monitor trialists’ registration and reporting compliance. This paper has three aims: a) to assess to what extent the clinical trial policies and monitoring systems of the 14 largest public and philanthropic medical research funders in the United States meet global best practice benchmarks as stipulated by the WHO Joint Statement;[1] b) to assess whether public or philanthropic funders have adopted more WHO Joint Statement elements on average; and c) to assess whether and how funders’ policies refer to CONSORT standards for clinical trial outcome reporting in academic journals.MethodsThe funders were assessed using an 11-item scoring tool based on WHO Joint Statement benchmarks. These 11 items fell into four categories: trial registration, academic publication, monitoring, and sanctions. An additional item captured whether and how funders referred to CONSORT within their trial policies. Each funder was independently assessed by 2-3 researchers. Funders were contacted to flag possible errors and omissions. Ambiguous or difficult to score items were settled by an independent adjudicator.FindingsOur cross-sectional study of the 14 largest public and philanthropic funders in the US finds that on average, funders have only implemented 4.1/11 (37%) of World Health Organization best practices in clinical trial transparency. The most frequently adopted requirement was open access publishing (14/14 funders), and the least frequently adopted were (1) requiring trial ID to appear in all publications (2/14 funders, 14%) and (2) making compliance reports public (2/14 funders, 14%). Public funders, on average, adopted more policy elements (5.3/11 items, 48%) than philanthropic funders (2.8/11, 25%). Only one funder’s policy documents mentioned the CONSORT statement.ConclusionsThere is significant variation between the number of best practice policy items adopted by medical research funders in the United States. Many funders fell significantly short of WHO Joint Statement benchmarks. Each funder could benefit from policy revision and strengthening.
Mind the game you set for better website patronage
Authors: Krishna Kriti , Sivakumaran Bharadhwaj , Maheswarappa Satish S. , Jha Ankur 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a conceptual model to understand how different gamification designs (hedonic and utilitarian) evoke different emotions and impact subsequent patronage intentions for online consumers in different mindsets.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first conducted a content analysis study and then tested the model with two online experiments [both 2 × 2 factorial designs – gamification (hedonic/utilitarian) and mindset (implemental/deliberative), with different utilitarian and hedonic products].FindingsGamification with hedonic benefits influences website patronage intentions by evoking promotion emotions, while gamification with utilitarian benefits does so by evoking prevention emotions. Gamification with hedonic benefits has a stronger impact on consumers shopping with deliberative mindsets, while gamification with utilitarian benefits works better for those with implemental mindsets.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research may extend the present work by considering other types of gamification.Practical implicationsManagerially, e-tailers may use gamification with hedonic aspects for consumers in deliberative mindsets and utilitarian aspects for those in implemental mindsets.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is the first to draw a link between mindsets and gamification. This research is also the first to operationalize gamification as hedonic and utilitarian based on their design characteristics and to establish emotional consequences as an important link between gamification and user behaviors.