bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of CMIP6 Models in Representing the Biophysical Effects of Deforestation With Satellite‐Based Observations
Authors: Luo Xing , Ge Jun , Guo Weidong , Cao Yipeng , Liu Yu , Chen Chaorong , Yang Limei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeforestation can impact surface temperature via biophysical processes. Earth system models (ESMs) are commonly used tools to examine biophysical effects of deforestation, but the model capacity to represent deforestation effects remains unclear. In this study, we comprehensively evaluate the performance of four ESMs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in representing deforestation effects with a satellite‐based benchmark. The results show that the ESMs can basically capture the sign of the temperature response but over‐ or underestimate the magnitude. Such biases are the consequence of biases in the simulated responses of albedo and sensible and latent heat fluxes. Specifically, the ESMs consistently overestimate the albedo response under snow‐covered conditions, for example, in the northern latitudes and in the cold season. The ESMs fail to fully reproduce the observed responses of sensible and latent heat fluxes, and the model bias depends on the model, region and season. The ESMs and observations even disagree on the sign of responses of sensible and latent heat fluxes in some cases. An attribution analysis further shows that biases in the simulated surface temperature response mainly result from biases related to the response of the surface energy partitioning. Biases related to the albedo response only play an important role under snow‐covered conditions. Given these model biases, we highlight that when the CMIP6 models are used to investigate deforestation effects, the simulated result should be interpreted with caution. Moreover, the identified model deficiency shown here also has implications for model improvement.
Can Convective Cold Pools Lead to the Development of Low‐Level Jets?
Authors: Luiz E. W. , Fiedler S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present the first observational evidence for convectively generated cold pools (CP) as driving mechanism for low‐level jets (LLJ). Our findings are based on a unique campaign data set that allowed us to perform a systematic assessment of the process. During the three‐month campaign in Germany, 6.8% of all identified LLJ profiles were connected to a CP (CPLLJ). Most measured CPLLJs appeared with the CP front and lasted for up to two hours. Moreover, we have observed a CP favoring the formation of a several‐hours long LLJ. In that case, a strong LLJ and cooling of the atmosphere between the surface and at least 400 m a.g.l. were seen when the density current reached the measurement site. The development led to the formation of a near‐surface temperature inversion during daytime as a prerequisite for the LLJ, not unlike the mechanism of nocturnal LLJs.
Buried Silicic Volcanoes Discovered in the Gruithuisen Region on the Moon
Authors: Qiu Denggao , Sasaki Sho , Yan Jianguo , Ye Mao , Deng Qingyun , Liang Feng , Liu Lu , Li Fei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMons Gruithuisen is a rare example of nonmare silicic volcanoes on the Moon. We have conducted analyses of the topography, chemical compositions, and subsurface structures of the Gruithuisen region based on remote sensing and gravity data. Our findings include presence of newly detected magma chambers in addition to the previously identified silicic domes in Gruithuisen Region. Our analysis suggests that multiple phases of silicic volcanism have occurred in the Gruithuisen region. The subsurface density revealed by the gravity data also suggests the presence of several low‐density masses in the crust. These early‐formed silicic volcanoes at low elevations are overlain by later‐emplaced mare basalts, however, the side slopes of these volcanoes are not covered by mare basalts, and the low‐FeO abundance material is exposed on the lunar surface.
Network analysis of plasma proteomes in affective disorders
Authors: Rhee Sang Jin , Shin Dongyoon , Shin Daun , Song Yoojin , Joo Eun-Jeong , Jung Hee Yeon , Roh Sungwon , Lee Sang-Hyuk , Kim Hyeyoung , Bang Minji , Lee Kyu Young , Lee Jihyeon , Kim Jaenyeon , Kim Yeongshin , Kim Youngsoo , Ahn Yong Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe conventional differentiation of affective disorders into major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) has insufficient biological evidence. Utilizing multiple proteins quantified in plasma may provide critical insight into these limitations. In this study, the plasma proteomes of 299 patients with MDD or BD (aged 19–65 years old) were quantified using multiple reaction monitoring. Based on 420 protein expression levels, a weighted correlation network analysis was performed. Significant clinical traits with protein modules were determined using correlation analysis. Top hub proteins were determined using intermodular connectivity, and significant functional pathways were identified. Weighted correlation network analysis revealed six protein modules. The eigenprotein of a protein module with 68 proteins, including complement components as hub proteins, was associated with the total Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score (r = −0.15, p = 0.009). Another eigenprotein of a protein module of 100 proteins, including apolipoproteins as hub proteins, was associated with the overeating item of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (r = 0.16, p = 0.006). Functional analysis revealed immune responses and lipid metabolism as significant pathways for each module, respectively. No significant protein module was associated with the differentiation between MDD and BD. In conclusion, childhood trauma and overeating symptoms were significantly associated with plasma protein networks and should be considered important endophenotypes in affective disorders.
Weak-coupling to strong-coupling quantum criticality crossover in a Kitaev quantum spin liquid α-RuCl3
Authors: Han Jae-Ho , Do Seung-Hwan , Choi Kwang-Yong , Park Sang-Youn , Kim Jae-You , Ji Sungdae , Kim Ki-Seok , Park Jae-Hoon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report a quantum criticality crossover representing two different universal scaling behaviors in a Kitaev quantum magnetic material α-RuCl3. α-RuCl3 presents both a symmetry-breaking antiferromagnetic order and a long-range entangled topological order of a quantum spin liquid, and thus could be a candidate system for a unique universality class involving deconfined fractionalized excitations of the local Z2 fluxes and itinerant Majorana fermions. Theoretical analyses on the inelastic neutron scattering, ac-magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat results demonstrate that Wilson–Fisher-Yukawa-type ‘conventional’ weak-coupling quantum criticality in high-energy scales crosses over to heavy-fermion-type ‘local’ strong-coupling one in low-energy scales. Our findings provide deep insight on how quantum criticality evolves in fermion-boson coupled topological systems with different types of deconfined fermions.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of myocarditis and pericarditis in adolescents following COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination
Authors: Katoto Patrick D. M. C. , Byamungu Liliane N. , Brand Amanda S. , Tamuzi Jacques L. , Kakubu Mireille A. M. , Wiysonge Charles S. , Gray Glenda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMyocarditis and pericarditis are frequent complications of COVID-19, but have also been reported following vaccination against COVID-19 in adolescents. To build vaccine confidence and inform policy, we characterized the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis in adolescents following BNT162b2 vaccination and explored the association with dose and sex. We searched national and international databases for studies reporting the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis following BNT162b2 vaccination as the primary endpoint. The intra-study risk of bias was appraised, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate the pooled incidence by dose stratified by sex. The pooled incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis was 4.5 (95%CI: 3.14–6.11) per 100,000 vaccinations across all doses. Compared to dose 1, the risk was significantly higher after dose 2 (RR: 8.62, 95%CI: 5.71–13.03). However, adolescents experienced a low risk after a booster dose than after dose 2 (RR: 0.06; 95%CI: 0.04–0.09). Males were approximately seven times (RR: 6.66, 95%CI: 4.77–4.29) more likely than females to present myocarditis/pericarditis. In conclusion, we found a low frequency of myocarditis/pericarditis after BNT162b2, which occurred predominantly after the second dose in male adolescents. The prognosis appears to be favorable, with full recovery in both males and females. National programs are recommended to adopt the causality framework to reduce overreporting, which undercuts the value of the COVID-19 vaccine on adolescent life, as well as to extend the inter-dose interval policy, which has been linked to a lower frequency of myocarditis/pericarditis.
Application of Zr-MOFs based copper complex in synthesis of pyrazolo[3, 4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles via anomeric-based oxidation
Authors: Tavakoli Elham , Sepehrmansourie Hassan , Zarei Mahmoud , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Khazaei Ardeshir , As’Habi Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this research article, Zr-MOFs based copper complex as a novel heterogeneous and porous catalyst was designed and prepared. The structure of catalyst has verified by various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET), EDS, SEM-elemental mapping, TG and DTG analysis. UiO-66-NH2/TCT/2-amino-Py@Cu(OAc)2 was used as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile derivatives. The aromatization of titled molecules is performed via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation both under air and inert atmospheres. The unique properties of the presented method are short reaction time, high yield, reusability of catalyst, synthesis of desired product under mild and green condition.
A safe and effective micro-choice based rehabilitation for patients with long COVID: results from a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Frisk Bente , Jürgensen Marte , Espehaug Birgitte , Njøten Kiri Lovise , Søfteland Eirik , Aarli Bernt Bøgvald , Kvale Gerd 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAt least 65 million people suffer from long COVID. Treatment guidelines are unclear, especially pertaining to recommendations of increased activity. This longitudinal study evaluated safety, changes in functional level and sick leave following a concentrated rehabilitation program for patients with long COVID. Seventy-eight patients (19–67 years) participated in a 3-day micro-choice based rehabilitation program with 7-day and 3-month follow-up. Fatigue, functional levels, sick leave, dyspnea and exercise capacity were assessed. No adverse events were reported and 97.4% completed the rehabilitation. Fatigue measured with Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire decreased at 7-days [mean difference (MD = − 4.5, 95% CI − 5.5 to − 3.4) and 3-month (MD = − 5.5, 95% CI − 6.7 to − 4.3). Sick leave rates and dyspnea were reduced (p < 0.001) and exercise capacity and functional level increased (p < 0.001) at 3-month follow-up regardless of severity of fatigue at baseline. Micro-choice based concentrated rehabilitation for patients with long COVID was safe, highly acceptable and showed rapid improvements in fatigue and functional levels, sustaining over time. Even though this is a quasi-experimental study, the findings are of importance addressing the tremendous challenges of disability due to long COVID. Our results are also highly relevant for patients, as they provide the base for an optimistic outlook and evidence supported reason for hope.
Biophysical models resolution affects coral connectivity estimates
Authors: Saint-Amand Antoine , Lambrechts Jonathan , Hanert Emmanuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEstimating connectivity between coral reefs is essential to inform reef conservation and restoration. Given the vastness of coral reef ecosystems, connectivity can only be simulated with biophysical models whose spatial resolution is often coarser than the reef scale. Here, we assess the impact of biophysical models resolution on connectivity estimates by comparing the outputs of five different setups of the same model with resolutions ranging from 250 m to 4 km. We show that increasing the model resolution around reefs yields more complex and less directional dispersal patterns. With a fine-resolution model, connectivity graphs have more connections but of weaker strength. The resulting community structure therefore shows larger clusters of well-connected reefs. Virtual larvae also tend to stay longer close to their source reef with a fine-resolution model, leading to an increased local retention and self-recruitment for species with a short pre-competency period. Overall, only about half of the reefs with the largest connectivity indicator values are similar for the finest and coarsest resolution models. Our results suggest that reef management recommendations should only be made at scales coarser than the model resolution. Reef-scale recommendations can hence only be made with models not exceeding about 500 m resolution.
Prevalence and therapeutic impact of adverse life event reexperiencing under ceremonial ayahuasca
Authors: Weiss Brandon , Wingert Aleksandra , Erritzoe David , Campbell W. Keith 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study examined the safety and efficacy of the ceremonial use of ayahuasca in relation to reports of heightened life event reexperiencing under psychedelics. The study examined (1) the prevalence of specific types of adverse life event reexperiencing, (2) characteristics predictive of reexperiencing, (3) the psychological character of reexperiencing, and (4) the impact of reexperiencing on mental health. Participants were recruited from three ayahuasca healing and spiritual centers in South and Central America (N = 33 military veterans, 306 non-veterans) using self-report data at three timepoints (Pre-retreat, Post-retreat, 3-months post-retreat). Reexperiencing adverse life events under ayahuasca was common, with women showing particularly high probability of reexperiencing sexual assault, veterans reexperiencing combat-related trauma, and individuals with a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder exhibiting a substantively higher prevalence of reexperiencing. Reexperiencing was associated with states of cognitive reappraisal, psychological flexibility, and discomfort during ceremonies, and participants who reexperienced adverse life events exhibited greater reductions in trait neuroticism following their ceremonies. Clinical implications of these results for the application of psychedelics to mood and stress disorders are discussed.
The spatio-temporal architecture of everyday manual behavior
Authors: Sili Daniele , De Giorgi Chiara , Pizzuti Alessandra , Spezialetti Matteo , de Pasquale Francesco , Betti Viviana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn everyday activities, humans move alike to manipulate objects. Prior works suggest that hand movements are built by a limited set of basic building blocks consisting of a set of common postures. However, how the low dimensionality of hand movements supports the adaptability and flexibility of natural behavior is unknown. Through a sensorized glove, we collected kinematics data from thirty-six participants preparing and having breakfast in naturalistic conditions. By means of an unbiased analysis, we identified a repertoire of hand states. Then, we tracked their transitions over time. We found that manual behavior can be described in space through a complex organization of basic configurations. These, even in an unconstrained experiment, recurred across subjects. A specific temporal structure, highly consistent within the sample, seems to integrate such identified hand shapes to realize skilled movements. These findings suggest that the simplification of the motor commands unravels in the temporal dimension more than in the spatial one.
Allopurinol non-covalently facilitates binding of unconventional peptides to HLA-B*58:01
Authors: Huan Xuelu , Zhuo Nicole , Lee Haur Yueh , Ren Ee Chee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAllopurinol, widely used in gout treatment, is the most common cause of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. The risk of developing such life-threatening reactions is increased particularly for HLA-B*58:01 positive individuals. However the mechanism of action between allopurinol and HLA remains unknown. We demonstrate here that a Lamin A/C peptide KAGQVVTI which is unable to bind HLA-B*58:01 on its own, is enabled to form a stable peptide-HLA complex only in the presence of allopurinol. Crystal structure analysis reveal that allopurinol non-covalently facilitated KAGQVVTI to adopt an unusual binding conformation, whereby the C-terminal isoleucine does not engage as a PΩ that typically fit deeply in the binding F-pocket. A similar observation, though to a lesser degree was seen with oxypurinol. Presentation of unconventional peptides by HLA-B*58:01 aided by allopurinol contributes to our fundamental understanding of drug-HLA interactions. The binding of peptides from endogenously available proteins such as self-protein lamin A/C and viral protein EBNA3B suggest that aberrant loading of unconventional peptides in the presence of allopurinol or oxypurinol may be able to trigger anti-self reactions that can lead to Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) and Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS).
Learning to cooperate for low-Reynolds-number swimming: a model problem for gait coordination
Authors: Liu Yangzhe , Zou Zonghao , Pak On Shun , Tsang Alan C. H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiological microswimmers can coordinate their motions to exploit their fluid environment—and each other—to achieve global advantages in their locomotory performance. These cooperative locomotion require delicate adjustments of both individual swimming gaits and spatial arrangements of the swimmers. Here we probe the emergence of such cooperative behaviors among artificial microswimmers endowed with artificial intelligence. We present the first use of a deep reinforcement learning approach to empower the cooperative locomotion of a pair of reconfigurable microswimmers. The AI-advised cooperative policy comprises two stages: an approach stage where the swimmers get in close proximity to fully exploit hydrodynamic interactions, followed a synchronization stage where the swimmers synchronize their locomotory gaits to maximize their overall net propulsion. The synchronized motions allow the swimmer pair to move together coherently with an enhanced locomotion performance unattainable by a single swimmer alone. Our work constitutes a first step toward uncovering intriguing cooperative behaviors of smart artificial microswimmers, demonstrating the vast potential of reinforcement learning towards intelligent autonomous manipulations of multiple microswimmers for their future biomedical and environmental applications.
Topical timolol maleate 0.5% after fractional carbon dioxide laser versus fractional carbon dioxide laser alone in treatment of acne scars: split face comparative study
Authors: Hawwas Aya Reda Mohamed , Mohamed Hassan Abou Khodair , Sayedahmed Osama Magdy Elshahat , Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcne is a common inflammatory condition that mostly involves the face, chest and back. A number of different modalities had been employed for treating scars of which laser remains to be a pivotal choice. We aimed to compare the efficacy of topical timolol maleate 0.5% after fractional CO2 (AFCO2) laser versus fractional CO2 Laser alone for treatment of atrophic acne scars. A split-face comparative clinical experiment on 30 cases of atrophic post-acne scars that were treated on one side with ablative fractional CO2 laser followed by timolol application while with only ablative fractional CO2 laser on the other side. Following treatment, both sides demonstrated significant improvement with the laser + timolol treated side showing better improvement; yet not significantly higher than the laser only treated side. In conclusion, both topical timolol maleate 0.5% after fractional CO2 laser and fractional CO2 laser may achieve comparable significant improvement. The good safety profile, easy accessibility, low cost, and non-invasive nature merits the use of timolol in acne scars pending verification by larger sample reproduced and controlled trials.
Smoothing method for unit quaternion time series in a classification problem: an application to motion data
Authors: Ballante Elena , Bellanger Lise , Drouin Pierre , Figini Silvia , Stamm Aymeric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSmoothing orientation data is a fundamental task in different fields of research. Different methods of smoothing time series in quaternion algebras have been described in the literature, but their application is still an open point. This paper develops a smoothing approach for smoothing quaternion time series to obtain good performance in classification problems. Starting from an existing method which involves an angular velocity transformation of unit quaternion time series, a new method which employ the logarithm function to transform the quaternion time series to a real three-dimensional time series is proposed. Empirical evidences achieved on real data set and artificially noisy data sets confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the classical approach based on angular velocity transformation. The R functions developed for this paper will be provided in a Github repository.
Induced pluripotent and CD34+ stem cell derived myeloid cells display differential responses to particle and dust mite exposure
Authors: Fransen Leonie F. H. , Leonard Martin O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMyeloid cells form an essential component of initial responses to environmental hazards and toxic exposures. The ability to model these responses in vitro is central to efforts tasked with identifying hazardous materials and understanding mechanisms of injury and disease. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cells have been suggested as alternatives to more established primary cell testing systems for these purposes. iPSC derived macrophage and dendritic like cells were compared to CD34+ haematopoietic stem cell derived populations using transcriptomic analysis. Using single cell sequencing-based characterisation of iPSC derived myeloid cells, we identified transitional, mature and M2 like macrophages as well as dendritic like antigen presenting cells and fibrocytes. Direct transcriptomic comparisons between iPSC and CD34+ cell derived populations revealed higher expression of myeloid differentiation genes such as MNDA, CSF1R and CSF2RB in CD34+ cells, while iPSC populations had higher fibroblastic and proliferative markers. Exposure of differentiated macrophage populations to nanoparticle alone or in combination with dust mite, resulted in differential gene expression on combination only, with responses markedly absent in iPSC compared to CD34+ derived cells. The lack of responsiveness in iPSC derived cells may be attributable to lower levels of dust mite component receptors CD14, TLR4, CLEC7A and CD36. In summary, iPSC derived myeloid cells display typical characteristics of immune cells but may lack a fully mature phenotype to adequately respond to environmental exposures.