bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to the World Health Organization’s physical activity recommendation in preschool-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of accelerometer studies
Authors: Bourke Matthew , Haddara Ameena , Loh Aidan , Carson Valerie , Breau Becky , Tucker Patricia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that preschool-aged children should engage in 180 min of total physical activity (TPA) including 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day. No systematic reviews or meta-analyses have pooled adherence to the recommendation across multiple studies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of preschool-aged children achieving the WHO’s physical activity recommendation for young children, and determine if the prevalence differed between boys and girls.

Methods
Primary literature searches were conducted on six online databases and a machine learning assisted systematic review was used to identify relevant studies. Studies written in English reporting on the prevalence of children aged 3–5 years achieving overall WHO physical activity recommendation or the individual TPA or MVPA aspects of the recommendation measured using accelerometers were eligible for inclusion. Random effects meta-analysis was used to determine the prevalence of preschools achieving the overall WHO recommendation and the individual TPA and MVPA aspect of the recommendation, and to determine difference in prevalence between boys and girls.

Results
Forty-eight studies reporting on 20,078 preschool-aged children met the inclusion criteria. Based on the most commonly employed accelerometer cut-points across all aspects of the recommendation, 60% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 37%, 79%) of preschool-aged children adhered to the overall physical activity recommendation, 78% (95% CI = 38%, 95%) adhered to the TPA aspect of the recommendation, and 90% (95% CI = 81%, 95%) adhered to the MVPA aspect of the recommendation. There was substantial variability is prevalence estimates between different accelerometer cut-points. Girls were significantly less likely to achieve the overall recommendation and the MVPA aspect of the recommendation than boys were.

Conclusions
Although there was substantial variability in estimated prevalence of preschool-aged children adhering the WHO physical activity recommendation between various accelerometer cut-points, the weight of available evidence suggests that the majority of young children are adhering to the overall recommendation and the individual TPA and MVPA aspects of the recommendation. Large-scale, intercontinental surveillance studies are needed to further strengthen the evidence regarding the prevalence of preschool-aged children achieving physical activity recommendation globally.
A dominant variant in apoptosis-related gene XKR8 is relevant to hereditary auditory neuropathy
Authors: Chen Kaitian , Li Changwu , Dong Chang , Cen Xiaoqing , Wang Yueying , Liang Yue , Zhu Yuanping , Fang Shubin , Jiang Hongyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAuditory neuropathy is an unusual type of hearing loss. At least 40% of patients with this disease have underlying genetic causes. However, in many hereditary auditory neuropathy cases, etiology remains undetermined.MethodsWe collected data and blood samples from a four-generation Chinese family. After excluding relevant variants in known deafness-related genes, exome sequencing was conducted. Candidate genes were verified by pedigree segregation, transcript/protein expression in the mouse cochlea, and plasmid expression studies in HEK 293T cells. Moreover, a mutant mouse model was generated and underwent hearing evaluations; protein localization in the inner ear was also assessed.ResultsThe clinical features of the family were diagnosed as auditory neuropathy. A novel variant c.710G > A (p.W237X) in apoptosis-related geneXKR8was identified. Genotyping of 16 family members confirmed the segregation of this variant with the deafness phenotype. BothXKR8mRNA and XKR8 protein were expressed in the mouse inner ear, predominantly in regions of spiral ganglion neurons; Moreover, this nonsense variant impaired the surface localization of XKR8 in cells. Transgenic mutant mice exhibited late-onset auditory neuropathy, and their altered XKR8 protein localization in the inner ear confirmed the damaging effects of this variant.ConclusionsWe identified a variant in theXKR8gene that is relevant to auditory neuropathy. The essential role ofXKR8in inner ear development and neural homeostasis should be explored.
Multiphase preclinical assessment of a novel device to locate unintentionally retained surgical sharps: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Kang Hae Sung , Khoraki Jad , Gie Jessie , Duval Dielle , Haynes Susan , Siev Michael , Shah Jay , Kim Fernando , Mangino Martin , Procter Levi , Autorino Riccardo , Weprin Samuel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Retained surgical sharps (RSS) is a “never event” that is preventable but may still occur despite of correct count and negative X-ray. This study assesses the feasibility of a novel device (“Melzi Sharps Finder®” or MSF) in effective detection of RSS.

Methods
The first study consisted of determination of the presence of RSS or identification of RSS in an ex-vivo model (a container with hay in a laparoscopic trainer box). The second study consisted of determining presence of RSS in an in-vivo model (laparoscopy in live adult Yorkshire pigs) with 3 groups: C-arm, C-arm with MSF and MSF. The third study used similar apparatus though with laparotomy and included 2 groups: manual search and MSF.

Results
In the first study, the MSF group had a higher rate of identification of a needle and decreased time to locate a needle versus control (98.1% vs. 22.0%, p < 0.001; 1.64 min ± 1.12vs. 3.34 min ± 1.28, p < 0.001). It also had increased accuracy of determining the presence of a needle and decreased time to reach this decision (100% vs. 58.8%, p < 0.001; 1.69 min ± 1.43 vs. 4.89 min ± 0.63, p < 0.001). In-the second study, the accuracy of determining the presence of a needle and time to reach this decision were comparable in each group (88.9% vs. 100% vs. 84.5%, p < 0.49; 2.2 min ± 2.2 vs. 2.7 min ± 2.1vs. 2.8 min ± 1.7, p = 0.68). In the third study, MSF group had higher accuracy in determining the presence of a needle and decreased time to reach this decision than the control (97.0% vs. 46.7%, p < 0.001; 2.0 min ± 1.5 vs. 3.9 min ± 1.4; p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that MSF use was independently associated with an accurate determination of the presence of a needle (OR 12.1, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The use of MSF in this study’s RSS models facilitated the determination of presence and localization of RSS as shown by the increased rate of identification of a needle, decreased time to identification and higher accuracy in determining the presence of a needle. This device may be used in conjunction with radiography as it gives live visual and auditory feedback for users during the search for RSS.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders risk and symptoms: a retrospective study
Authors: Straface Elisabetta , Jacobis Isabella Tarissi De , Capriati Teresa , Pretelli Italo , Grandin Annalisa , Mascolo Cristina , Vona Rosa , Gambardella Lucrezia , Cittadini Camilla , Villani Alberto , Marchili Maria Rosaria 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Social distancing and quarantine imposed by the authority during the COVID-19 pandemic caused restrictions, which had a negative impact on eating behavior, especially among adolescents. We proposed a retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders risk and symptoms.

Methods
In this study, a group of 127 pediatric patients (117 females and 10 males) with eating disorders admitted to the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital of Rome (Italy), in the period between August 2019 and April 2021, was analyzed. All patient data were collected from patients’ electronic medical records.

Results
We found that 80.3% of patients were at the onset of eating disorders and that 26% of patients had familiarity for psychotic disorders. Often these patients had comorbidities and alterations in blood parameters such as leukocytopenia, neutropenia, hypovitaminosis and hormonal problems that could affect their future.

Conclusions
Our findings could provide a framework for developing clinical and educational interventions to mitigate the short- and long-term negative impact of the pandemic on adolescent future health.
Early non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen therapy for preventing endotracheal intubation in hypoxemic blunt chest trauma patients: the OptiTHO randomized trial
Authors: Carrié Cédric , Rieu Benjamin , Benard Antoine , Trin Kilian , Petit Laurent , Massri Alexandre , Jurcison Igor , Rousseau Guillaume , Tran Van David , Reynaud Salard Marie , Bourenne Jeremy , Levrat Albrice , Muller Laurent , Marie Damien , Dahyot-Fizelier Claire , Pottecher Julien , David Jean-Stéphane , Godet Thomas , Biais Matthieu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The benefit–risk ratio of prophylactic non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNC-O2) during the early stage of blunt chest trauma remains controversial because of limited data. The main objective of this study was to compare the rate of endotracheal intubation between two NIV strategies in high-risk blunt chest trauma patients.

Methods
The OptiTHO trial was a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial over a two-year period. Every adult patients admitted in intensive care unit within 48 h after a high-risk blunt chest trauma (Thoracic Trauma Severity Score ≥ 8), an estimated PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 300 and no evidence of acute respiratory failure were eligible for study enrollment (Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03943914). The primary objective was to compare the rate of endotracheal intubation for delayed respiratory failure between two NIV strategies: i) a prompt association of HFNC-O2 and “early” NIV in every patient for at least 48 h with vs. ii) the standard of care associating COT and “late” NIV, indicated in patients with respiratory deterioration and/or PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 200 mmHg. Secondary outcomes were the occurrence of chest trauma-related complications (pulmonary infection, delayed hemothorax or moderate-to-severe ARDS).

Results
Study enrollment was stopped for futility after a 2-year study period and randomization of 141 patients. Overall, 11 patients (7.8%) required endotracheal intubation for delayed respiratory failure. The rate of endotracheal intubation was not significantly lower in patients treated with the experimental strategy (7% [5/71]) when compared to the control group (8.6% [6/70]), with an adjusted OR = 0.72 (95%IC: 0.20–2.43), p = 0.60. The occurrence of pulmonary infection, delayed hemothorax or delayed ARDS was not significantly lower in patients treated by the experimental strategy (adjusted OR = 1.99 [95%IC: 0.73–5.89], p = 0.18, 0.85 [95%IC: 0.33–2.20], p = 0.74 and 2.14 [95%IC: 0.36–20.77], p = 0.41, respectively).

Conclusion
A prompt association of HFNC-O2 with preventive NIV did not reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation or secondary respiratory complications when compared to COT and late NIV in high-risk blunt chest trauma patients with non-severe hypoxemia and no sign of acute respiratory failure.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03943914, Registered 7 May 2019.
An optimized reverse β-oxidation pathway to produce selected medium-chain fatty acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Garces Daza Fernando , Haitz Fabian , Born Alice , Boles Eckhard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Medium-chain fatty acids are molecules with applications in different industries and with growing demand. However, the current methods for their extraction are not environmentally sustainable. The reverse β-oxidation pathway is an energy-efficient pathway that produces medium-chain fatty acids in microorganisms, and its use in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a broadly used industrial microorganism, is desired. However, the application of this pathway in this organism has so far either led to low titers or to the predominant production of short-chain fatty acids.

Results
We genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce the medium-chain fatty acids hexanoic and octanoic acid using novel variants of the reverse β-oxidation pathway. We first knocked out glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase GPD2 in an alcohol dehydrogenases knock-out strain (△adh1-5) to increase the NADH availability for the pathway, which significantly increased the production of butyric acid (78 mg/L) and hexanoic acid (2 mg/L) when the pathway was expressed from a plasmid with BktB as thiolase. Then, we tested different enzymes for the subsequent pathway reactions: the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase PaaH1 increased hexanoic acid production to 33 mg/L, and the expression of enoyl-CoA hydratases Crt2 or Ech was critical to producing octanoic acid, reaching titers of 40 mg/L in both cases. In all cases, Ter from Treponema denticola was the preferred trans-enoyl-CoA reductase. The titers of hexanoic acid and octanoic acid were further increased to almost 75 mg/L and 60 mg/L, respectively, when the pathway expression cassette was integrated into the genome and the fermentation was performed in a highly buffered YPD medium. We also co-expressed a butyryl-CoA pathway variant to increase the butyryl-CoA pool and support the chain extension. However, this mainly increased the titers of butyric acid and only slightly increased that of hexanoic acid. Finally, we also tested the deletion of two potential medium-chain acyl-CoA depleting reactions catalyzed by the thioesterase Tes1 and the medium-chain fatty acyl CoA synthase Faa2. However, their deletion did not affect the production titers.

Conclusions
By engineering the NADH metabolism and testing different reverse β-oxidation pathway variants, we extended the product spectrum and obtained the highest titers of octanoic acid and hexanoic acid reported in S. cerevisiae. Product toxicity and enzyme specificity must be addressed for the industrial application of the pathway in this organism.
Autonomic neuropathic symptoms in patients with diabetes: practical tools for screening in daily routine
Authors: de Azevedo Vieira Ana Raquel Souza , Porto-Dantas Lara Benigno , do Prado Romani Flaviene Alves , Carvalho Patrícia Souza , Pop-Busui Rodica , Pedrosa Hermelinda Cordeiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is a frequent complication in people with diabetes whose screening is often neglected. This study aimed to evaluate DAN through practical tools in people with diabetes in a referral center for diabetes treatment.

Methods
DAN symptoms and severity were assessed using the Survey of Autonomic Symptoms (SAS) via digital application (app) in patients attended from June 1, 2021, to November 12, 2021. SAS scoring for DAN was performed using established validated cutoffs. The adhesive with cobalt salt color indicator (Neuropad™) was used as a measure of sudomotor dysfunction. Demographical and clinical data were also collected.

Results
Data from 109 participants, 66.9% T2DM, 73.4% female, with a median age of 54.00 (± 20.00) years, were analyzed. Symptomatic DAN was present in 69.7% of participants and was associated with older age (p = 0.002), higher HbA1c (p = 0.043), higher abdominal circumference (p = 0.019), higher BMI (p = 0.013), more likely to have metabolic syndrome (MS) with a 10-fold increased risk, and more frequent association with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (p = 0.005). Sudomotor dysfunction was found in 65 participants with positive Neuropad™ detected in 63.1% of them.

Conclusion
The use of SAS through an app proved to be a practical and easy-to-use instrument to document symptoms of DAN in busy clinical practice. The high frequency of symptoms draws attention to the importance of screening this underdiagnosed diabetes complication. The risk factors and comorbidities associated with symptomatic DAN highlight the patients’ phenotypes linked to MS that should be targeted for DAN evaluations in larger samples in the community.
An epigenome-wide analysis of socioeconomic position and tumor DNA methylation in breast cancer patients
Authors: Chen Jianhong , Long Mark D. , Sribenja Sirinapa , Ma Sung Jun , Yan Li , Hu Qiang , Liu Song , Khoury Thaer , Hong Chi-Chen , Bandera Elisa , Singh Anurag K. , Repasky Elizabeth A. , Bouchard Elizabeth G. , Higgins Michael , Ambrosone Christine B. , Yao Song 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Disadvantaged socioeconomic position (SEP), including lower educational attainment and household income, may influence cancer risk and outcomes. We hypothesized that DNA methylation could function as an intermediary epigenetic mechanism that internalizes and reflects the biological impact of SEP.

Methods
Based on tumor DNA methylation data from the Illumina 450 K array from 694 breast cancer patients in the Women’s Circle of Health Study, we conducted an epigenome-wide analysis in relation to educational attainment and household income. Functional impact of the identified CpG sites was explored in silico using data from publicly available databases.

Results
We identified 25 CpG sites associated with household income at an array-wide significance level, but none with educational attainment. Two of the top CpG sites, cg00452016 and cg01667837, were in promoter regions of NNT and GPR37, respectively, with multiple epigenetic regulatory features identified in each region. NNT is involved in β-adrenergic stress signaling and inflammatory responses, whereas GPR37 is involved in neurological and immune responses. For both loci, gene expression was inversely correlated to the levels of DNA methylation. The associations were consistent between Black and White women and did not differ by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status.

Conclusions
In a large breast cancer patient population, we discovered evidence of the significant biological impact of household income on the tumor DNA methylome, including genes in the β-adrenergic stress and immune response pathways. Our findings support biological effects of socioeconomic status on tumor tissues, which might be relevant to cancer development and progression.
ADHD genetic burden associates with older epigenetic age: mediating roles of education, behavioral and sociodemographic factors among older adults
Authors: Arpawong Thalida E. , Klopack Eric T. , Kim Jung Ki , Crimmins Eileen M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Shortened lifespans are associated with having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which is likely mediated by related behavioral and sociodemographic factors that are also associated with accelerated physiological aging. Such factors include exhibiting more depressive symptoms, more cigarette smoking, higher body mass index, lower educational attainment, lower income in adulthood, and more challenges with cognitive processes compared to the general population. A higher polygenic score for ADHD (ADHD-PGS) is associated with having more characteristic features of ADHD. The degree to which (1) the ADHD-PGS associates with an epigenetic biomarker developed to predict accelerated aging and earlier mortality is unknown, as are whether (2) an association would be mediated by behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of ADHD, or (3) an association would be mediated first by educational attainment, then by behavioral and sociodemographic correlates. We evaluated these relationships in a population-based sample from the US Health and Retirement Study, among N = 2311 adults age 50 and older, of European-ancestry, with blood-based epigenetic and genetic data. The ADHD-PGS was calculated from a prior genomewide meta-analysis. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation levels that index biological aging and earlier age of mortality were quantified by a blood-based biomarker called GrimAge. We used a structural equation modeling approach to test associations with single and multi-mediation effects of behavioral and contextual indicators on GrimAge, adjusted for covariates.

Results
The ADHD-PGS was significantly and directly associated with GrimAge when adjusting for covariates. In single mediation models, the effect of the ADHD-PGS on GrimAge was partially mediated via smoking, depressive symptoms, and education. In multi-mediation models, the effect of the ADHD-PGS on GrimAge was mediated first through education, then smoking, depressive symptoms, BMI, and income.

Conclusions
Findings have implications for geroscience research in elucidating lifecourse pathways through which ADHD genetic burden and symptoms can alter risks for accelerated aging and shortened lifespans, when indexed by an epigenetic biomarker. More education appears to play a central role in attenuating negative effects on epigenetic aging from behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors related to ADHD. We discuss implications for the potential behavioral and sociodemographic mediators that may attenuate negative biological system effects.
Environmental factors influencing detection efficiency of an acoustic telemetry array and consequences for data interpretation
Authors: Long Michael , Jordaan Adrian , Castro-Santos Theodore 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Acoustic telemetry is a commonly used technology to monitor animal occupancy and infer movement in aquatic environments. The information that acoustic telemetry provides is vital for spatial planning and management decisions concerning aquatic and coastal environments by characterizing behaviors and habitats such as spawning aggregations, migrations, corridors, and nurseries, among others. However, performance of acoustic telemetry equipment and resulting detection ranges and efficiencies can vary as a function of environmental conditions, leading to potentially biased interpretations of telemetry data. Here, we characterize variation in detection performance using an acoustic telemetry receiver array deployed in Wellfleet Harbor, Massachusetts, USA from 2015 to 2017. The array was designed to study benthic invertebrate movements and provided an in situ opportunity to identify factors driving variation in detection probability.

Results
The near-shore location proximate to environmental monitoring allowed for a detailed examination of factors influencing detection efficiency in a range-testing experiment. Detection ranges varied from < 50 to 1,500 m and efficiencies varied from 0 to 100% within those detection ranges. Detection efficiency was affected by distance, wind speed and direction, wave height and direction, water temperature, water depth, and water quality.

Conclusions
Performance of acoustic telemetry systems is strongly contingent on environmental conditions. Our study found that wind, waves, water temperature, water quality, and depth all affected performance to an extent that could seriously compromise a study if these effects were not taken into consideration. Other unmeasured factors may also be important, depending on the characteristics of each site. This information can help guide future telemetry study designs by helping researchers anticipate the density of receivers required to achieve study objectives. Researchers can further refine and document the reliability of their data by incorporating continuously deployed range-testing tags and prior knowledge on varying detection efficiency into movement and occupancy models.