bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale: Reliability, Validity, and Utility
Authors: Duffy Joseph R. , Martin Peter R. , Clark Heather M. , Utianski Rene L. , Strand Edythe A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the interrater reliability and validity of the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale (ASRS-3.5) as an index of the presence and severity of apraxia of speech (AOS) and the prominence of several of its important features.

Method:
Interrater reliability was assessed for 27 participants. Validity was examined in a cohort of 308 participants (120 with and 188 without progressive AOS) through item analysis; item-Total score correlations; correlations among ASRS Total score and component subscores and independent clinical ratings of AOS, dysarthria and aphasia severity, intelligibility, and articulatory errors, as well as years postonset and age; and regression models assessing item and Total score prediction of AOS presence.

Results:
Interrater reliability was good or excellent for most items and excellent for the Total score. Item and Total score analyses revealed good separation of participants with versus without AOS. Inter-item and item-Total score correlations were generally moderately high as were correlations between the ASRS Total score and independent ratings of AOS severity, intelligibility, and articulatory errors. The Total score was not meaningfully correlated with ratings of aphasia and dysarthria severity, years postonset, or age. Total scores below 7 and above 10 revealed excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for AOS. The presence of eight or more abnormal features was also highly predictive of AOS presence.

Conclusions:
The ASRS-3.5 is a reliable and valid scale for identifying the presence and severity of AOS and its predominant features. It has excellent sensitivity to AOS presence and excellent specificity relative to aphasia and dysarthria in patients with neurodegenerative disease.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21817584
SDSS-FIRST-selected interacting galaxies
Authors: Misquitta Persis , Eckart Andreas , Zajaček Michal , Yttergren Madeleine 
Published: January 2023

Context. In the hierarchical model of evolution of the Universe, galaxy mergers play an important role, especially at high redshifts. Interactions among galaxies appear to be associated with incidences of radio-loudness in quasars and it is of interest to study the galaxies that are in the process of interacting with each other, where there is at least one nucleus that is active in the radio regime.
Aims. In order to understand the various processes taking place within colliding galaxies, it is important to study the radio and optical properties of these sources, as well as any possible correlations that might exist.
Methods. To this end, we present optical long-slit spectroscopy data for ten pairs of interacting galaxies selected from SDSS-FIRST at redshifts of ∼0.05, observed using the multi-object double spectrographs at the Large Binocular Telescope.
Results. We used line fluxes extracted from the spectra of the nuclear regions of galaxies to plot optical diagnostic diagrams and estimate the masses of the central supermassive black holes, as well as their Eddington ratios. Additionally, we used previously published Effelsberg radio telescope data at 4.85 GHz and FIRST survey data at 1.4 GHz to estimate radio spectral slopes and the radio-loudness parameters for all of the radio-detected sources. We also used WISE data to plot a mid-infrared colour-colour diagram.
Conclusions. We see that while the sample of galaxies covers all of the classes on the optical diagnostic diagrams, the sources that are radio-detected fall in the composite or transition region of the diagram. Additionally, we notice a trend of the highest radio-loudness parameter in a pair of interacting galaxies being associated with the galaxy that hosts the more massive central supermassive black hole. We do not see any obvious trends with respect to the radio spectral slope, radio-loudness parameter, and Eddington ratio. With respect to the mid-infrared data of the galaxies detected by WISE, we see that most of them have some type of contribution from star formation, however, two of them seem to have a significant contribution from an AGN as well.
An interference detection strategy for Apertif based on AOFlagger 3
Authors: Offringa A. R. , Adebahr B. , Kutkin A. , Adams E. A. K. , Oosterloo T. A. , van der Hulst J. M. , Dénes H. , Bassa C. G. , Lucero D. L. , Blok W. J. G. , Hess K. M. , van Leeuwen J. , Loose G. M. , Maan Y. , Oostrum L. C. , Orrú E. , Vohl D. , Ziemke J. 
Published: January 2023

Context.Apertif is a multi-beam receiver system for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope that operates at 1.1–1.5 GHz, which overlaps with various radio services, resulting in contamination of astronomical signals with radio-frequency interference (RFI).Aims.We analyse approaches to mitigate Apertif interference and design an automated detection procedure for its imaging mode. Using this approach, we present long-term RFI detection results of over 300 Apertif observations.Methods.Our approach is based on the AOFlagger detection approach. We introduce several new features, including ways to deal with ranges of invalid data (e.g. caused by shadowing) in both the SumThreshold and scale-invariant rank operator steps; pre-calibration bandpass calibration; auto-correlation flagging; and HI flagging avoidance. These methods have been implemented in a new framework that uses the Lua language for scripting, which is new in AOFlagger version 3.Results.Our approach removes RFI fully automatically, and it is robust and effective enough for further calibration and (continuum) imaging of these data. The analysis of 304 observations shows an average of 11.1% of lost data due to RFI with a large spread. We observe 14.6% RFI in auto-correlations. Computationally, AOFlagger achieves a throughput of 370 MB/s on a single computing node. Compared to published machine learning results, the method is one to two orders of magnitude faster.
Dynamics of dust grains in turbulent molecular clouds
Authors: Commerçon B. , Lebreuilly U. , Price D. J. , Lovascio F. , Laibe G. , Hennebelle P. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Dust grain dynamics in molecular clouds is regulated by its interplay with supersonic turbulent gas motions. The conditions under which interstellar dust grains decouple from the dynamics of gas in molecular clouds remain poorly constrained.
Aims. We first aim to investigate the critical dust grain size for dynamical decoupling, using both analytical predictions and numerical experiments. Second, we aim to set the range of validity of two fundamentally different numerical implementations for the evolution of dust and gas mixtures in turbulent molecular clouds.
Methods. We carried out a suite of numerical experiments using two different schemes to integrate the dust grain equation of motion within the same framework. First, we used a monofluid formalism (or often referred to as single fluid) in the terminal velocity approximation. This scheme follows the evolution of the barycentre of mass between the gas and the dust on a Eulerian grid. Second, we used a two-fluid scheme, in which the dust dynamics is handled with Lagrangian super-particles, and the gas dynamics on a Eulerian grid.
Results. The monofluid results are in good agreement with the theoretical critical size for decoupling. We report dust dynamics decoupling for Stokes number St > 0.1, that is, dust grains of s > 4 μm in size. We find that the terminal velocity approximation is well suited for grain sizes of 10 μm in molecular clouds, in particular in the densest regions. However, the maximum dust enrichment measured in the low-density material - where St > 1 - is questionable. In the Lagrangian dust experiments, we show that the results are affected by the numerics for all dust grain sizes. At St ≪ 1, the dust dynamics is largely affected by artificial trapping in the high-density regions, leading to spurious variations of the dust concentration. At St > 1 , the maximum dust enrichment is regulated by the grid resolution used for the gas dynamics.
Conclusions. Dust enrichment of submicron dust grains is unlikely to occur in the densest parts of molecular clouds. Two fluid implementations using a mixture of Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions for the dust and gas mixture dynamics lead to spurious dust concentration variations in the strongly and weakly coupled regimes. Conversely, the monofluid implementation using the terminalvelocity approximation does not accurately capture dust dynamics in the low-density regions, that is, where St > 1 . The results of previous similar numerical work should therefore be revisited with respect to the limitations we highlight in this study.
Outcome Analysis Comparing Muscle and Fasciocutaneous Free Flaps for Heel Reconstruction: Meta-Analysis and Case Series
Authors: Chellamuthu Abiramie , Jayaraman Sathish Kumar , A. Ramesh B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Choosing the components of free flap (fasciocutaneous or muscle) is one of the crucial but controversial decisions in heel reconstruction. This meta-analysis aims to provide an up-to-date comparison of fasciocutaneous flaps (FCFs) and muscle flaps (MFs) for heel reconstruction and to ascertain if one flap has an advantage over the other.
Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature review was performed identifying studies on heel reconstruction with FCF and MF. Primary outcomes were survival, time of ambulation, sensation, ulceration, gait, need for specialized footwear, revision procedures, and shear. Meta-analyses and Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) were performed to estimate the pooled risk ratios (RRs) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with fixed effects and random effects models, respectively.
Results Of 757 publications identified, 20 were reviewed including 255 patients with 263 free flaps. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between MF and FCF in terms of survival (RR, 1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83, 1.21), gait abnormality (RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.19, 1.59), ulcerations (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.27, 1.54), footwear modification (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.26, 1.09), and revision procedures (RR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.84, 3.32). FCF had superior perception of deep pressure (RR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.32, 3.00), light touch, and pain (RR, 5.17; 95% CI, 2.02, 13.22) compared with MF. Time to full weight-bearing (SMD, –3.03; 95% CI, –4.25, –1.80) was longer for MF compared with FCF. TSA showed inconclusive results for comparison of the survival of flaps, gait assessment, and rates of ulceration.
Conclusion Patients reconstructed with FCF had superior sensory recovery and early weight bearing on their reconstructed heels, hence faster return to daily activities compared with MFs. In terms of other outcomes such as footwear modification and revision procedure, both flaps had no statistically significant difference. The results were inconclusive regarding the survival of flaps, gait assessment, and rates of ulceration. Future studies are required to investigate the role of shear on the stability of the reconstructed heels.
How well do Immediate Protection Areas conserve biodiversity in Victorian forests?
Authors: Lindenmayer David B. , Taylor Chris 
Published: January 2023

Context Protected areas are necessary to conserve biodiversity. Their locations, design and management can have major impacts on their effectiveness. In timber and pulpwood production forests of Victoria, Australia, Immediate Protection Areas (IPAs) were established by the Victorian Government to conserve biodiversity. IPA identification has overlooked much of 30 years of reserve selection science. This has resulted in poor selection of locations for protection, lack of attention to habitat suitability for target species, and a destructive past land use history that has eroded current habitat suitability. Aims Our aim was to assess the suitability IPAs for threatened species, including Leadbeater’s Possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) and the Southern Greater Glider (Petauroides volans). Methods We assessed aspects of effectiveness of IPAs for forest-dependent species of conservation concern. We compared the IPAs to a prioritised protected area network using Marxan accounting for past forest disturbances, including logging and high severity wildfires. Key results We found IPAs failed to include the most suitable habitat areas, capturing only 11.7% of modelled habitat for Leadbeater’s Possum and 5.3% for the Southern Greater Glider. Our analyses also revealed large parts of the IPA network had been clearcut logged, eroding habitat value for many species. Conclusions Given IPAs do not protect substantial amounts of important habitat for threatened species such as Leadbeater’s Possum and Southern Greater Glider, we conclude the current IPAs are unlikely to adequately protect biodiversity from logging. Implications The IPAs need to be better designed to improve their effectiveness for biodiversity conservation. We provide recommendations on how this might be done.
The versatile family of molybdenum oxides: synthesis, properties, and recent applications
Authors: Concepción O , de Melo O 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe family of molybdenum oxides has numerous advantages that make them strong candidates for high-value research and various commercial applications. The variation of their multiple oxidation states allows their existence in a wide range of compositions and morphologies that converts them into highly versatile and tunable materials for incorporation into energy, electronics, optical, and biological systems. In this review, a survey is presented of the most general properties of molybdenum oxides including the crystalline structures and the physical properties, with emphasis on present issues and challenging scientific and technological aspects. A section is devoted to the thermodynamical properties and the most common preparation techniques. Then, recent applications are described, including photodetectors, thermoelectric devices, solar cells, photo-thermal therapies, gas sensors, and energy storage.
An artificial optoelectronic synapse based on MoO
x
film
Authors: Zhao Jinshi , Zheng ShuTong , Zhou Liwei , Mi Wei , Ding Yue , Wang Meng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Artificial optoelectronic synapses have the advantages of large bandwidth, low power consumption and low crosstalk, and are considered to be the basic building blocks of neuromorphic computing. In this paper, a two-terminal optoelectronic synaptic device with ITO-MoO
x
-Pt structure is prepared by magnetron sputtering. The performance of resistive switching (RS) and the photo plastic properties of the device are analyzed and demonstrated. Electrical characterization tests show that the device has a resistive HRS/LRS ratio of about 90, stable endurance, and retention characteristics of more than 104 s (85 °C). The physical mechanism of the device is elucidated by a conducting filament composed of oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, the function of various synaptic neural morphologies is successfully mimicked using UV light as the stimulation source. Including short-term/long-term memory, paired-pulse facilitation, the transition from short-term to long-term memory, and ‘learning-experience’ behavior. Integrated optical sensing and electronic data storage devices have great potential for future artificial intelligence, which will facilitate the rapid development of retina-like visual sensors and low-power neuromorphic systems.
Fractional oscillon equations: continuity properties of attractors with respect to order of the equations
Authors: Bezerra Flank D M , Figueroa-López Rodiak N , Nascimento Marcelo J D 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper we are concerned with convergence properties of pullback attractors with respect to order of the fractional oscillon equations, that is, we study the fast growing dissipative semilinear oscillon equations as a limiting problem of semilinear equations with the main part being the fractional powers of the oscillon operators. We show that the family of pullback attractors associated with this approximations problems behave upper semicontinuously and we also show a result of continuity of the pullback attractors with respect to order of the fractional oscillon equations in each point of a dense residual subset of the interval

[
0
,
1
]

.
Magnetofriction—a new concept for shape memory composites
Authors: Hermann S , Muniz N , Ouisse M , Hirsinger L , Chevallier G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a new concept for shape memory based on elastic forces and magnetically induced friction forces in composite materials consisting of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs). Magnetic attraction forces between two MAEs generate a contact pressure at their interface and the friction allows to maintain stable deformed shapes of the so-called magnetofriction shape memory polymers (MF-SMPs). When the contact is loosened, the friction forces vanish and the elastic forces in each part of the assembly bring the parts back into their initial state where the contact can be established once again. The shape memory effect is studied in three-point bending tests with two stacked MAEs. The global force-displacement relations reveal a hysteretic behavior due to local residual displacements after the test are observed by the help of digital image correlation. The test structure stores up to 25% of the applied displacement. The local contact state (sliding or sticking) is evaluated in different regions of the MF-SMP which gives an insight into the shape memory mechanism magnetofriction. Two methods for the shape-recovery of the MF-SMP by elastic forces in the MAEs are proposed, a manual separation and an air flow at the interface of the MF-SMP, and a comparison of magnetofriction to other shape memory mechanisms is performed.
Absolutely secure distributed superdense coding: entanglement requirement for optimality
Authors: Dutta Sagnik , Banerjee Asmita , Panigrahi Prasanta K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Superdense coding uses entanglement as a resource to communicate classical information efficiently through quantum channels. A superdense coding method is optimal when its capacity reaches Holevo bound. We show that for optimality, maximal entanglement is a necessity across the bipartition of Alice and Bob, but neither absolute nor genuine multipartite entanglement is required. Unlike the previous schemes, which can transmit either even or odd bits of information, we demonstrate a generalized dense coding protocol using the genuine multipartite entangled GHZ state to send arbitrary information bits. Expressed in the eigenbasis of different Pauli operators, GHZ state is characterized by a unique parity pattern which enables us to formulate a security checking technique to ensure absolute security of the protocol. We show this method is better applicable in a scenario, where the initial information is distributed among spatially separated parties. Finally, optimizing the number of qubit(s) sent to Bob, we construct a distributed dense coding method, which completely depicts absolutely secure quantum communication between many to one party.
Dynamical rational solutions and their interaction phenomena for an extended nonlinear equation
Authors: Ali Karmina K , Yusuf Abdullahi , Ma Wen-Xiu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the extended Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (eBKP) equation utilizing the condensed Hirota’s approach. In accordance with a logarithmic derivative transform, we produce solutions for single, double, and triple M-lump waves. Additionally, we investigate the interaction solutions of a single M-lump with a single soliton, a single M-lump with a double soliton, and a double M-lump with a single soliton. Furthermore, we create sophisticated single, double, and triple complex soliton wave solutions. The extended Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation describes nonlinear wave phenomena in fluid mechanics, plasma, and shallow water theory. By selecting appropriate values for the related free parameters we also create three-dimensional surfaces and associated counter plots to simulate the dynamical characteristics of the solutions offered.
Sustainability of entanglement sudden death under the action of memory channel
Authors: Awasthi Natasha , Joshi Dheeraj Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Quantum entanglement is an important resource in quantum information science. Its useful effects get disturbed when it is subjected to environmental effect and led to decay of entanglement. The behaviour of entanglement have been studied for maximally entangled mixed state (MEMS) under different cases. Here we proposed a method for the sustainability of entanglement using the concept of memory noise. During this study interesting results were observed for the intensification of entanglement sudden death (ESD) which have many applications in quantum information processing task. Analytical results were derived for MEMS state. After detailed discussion the problem is theoretically analysed and simulation results of ESD are presented.
Impact of β

n
and spectrum of n = 1 applied fields on fast ion losses in DIII-D
Authors: Gage K.R. , Chen X. , Van Zeeland M. , Heidbrink W.W. , Hanson J. , Lyons B. , Pace D.C. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Garcia-Munoz M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effect of n = 1 magnetic perturbations (MPs) on prompt fast ion losses in DIII-D has been investigated using the light ion beam probe technique. The effect of normalized beta, β

n
, and the plasma response to the MPs is studied for several MP spectra. Magnetics data show a strong dependence of plasma response to β

n
that depends on the phase difference in perturbation coils,

Δ

ϕ

U
L

. For most phases, the response increases with β

n
, however, the response is suppressed for phases between 180∘ and 240∘. Experimental data from scintillator based fast ion loss detectors shows that relative fluctuation of lost ions (20%–30% of the steady signal) does not diminish across the L- to H-mode transition for

Δ

ϕ

U
L

=

240

∘

, despite the 34% decrease in radial response field and 50% decrease in poloidal response field. Simulations of the DIII-D discharges using M3D-C1 and ASCOT5 find that prompt losses from neutral beam injection in each investigated case hit the first wall at several concentrated locations: the vessel floor, midplane diagnostic ports, vessel ceiling, and inner wall. Simulated losses from co-injection neutral beams are born outside the last closed flux surface, corresponding to radial orbit displacements of 3–6 cm due to the MPs.