bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Class Analysis
Authors: Oesch Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA popular thesis in social stratification maintains that the middle class is declining. This chapter argues that this thesis is flawed both conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, it mixes up the middle class and the working class, and empirically, it misrepresents the trends that shape the class structure. The chapter discusses the concept of social class and proposes a model that grasps the class structure of contemporary Western societies. Based on the conceptual distinction between the middle class and the working class, labor force surveys clearly show that the early twenty-first century saw, not the demise, but the expansion of the (salaried) middle class in the Western world. Never in history have so many people worked in managerial, professional, and technical jobs as do so today. By contrast, over the last four decades, the working class has experienced a massive employment decline—with far-reaching consequences. The political clout of the working class has declined, as is illustrated by decreasing trade union density and strike activity and in rising income inequality. Moreover, working-class decline has led to a fundamental realignment of class voting and contributed to growing family instability. Instead of eroding the middle class, the last decades have thus put an end to the working-class century.
The mass of TOI-519 b: A close-in giant planet transiting a metal-rich mid-M dwarf
Authors: Kagetani Taiki , Narita Norio , Kimura Tadahiro , Hirano Teruyuki , Ikoma Masahiro , Ishikawa Hiroyuki Tako , Giacalone Steven , Fukui Akihiko , Kodama Takanori , Gore Rebecca , Schroeder Ashley , Hori Yasunori , Kawauchi Kiyoe , Watanabe Noriharu , Mori Mayuko , Zou Yujie , Ikuta Kai , Krishnamurthy Vigneshwaran , Zink Jon , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin , Harakawa Hiroki , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kotani Takayuki , Kurokawa Takashi , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Kuzuhara Masayuki , de Leon Jerome P , Livingston John H , Nishikawa Jun , Omiya Masashi , Palle Enric , Parviainen Hannu , Serizawa Takuma , Teng Huan-Yu , Ueda Akitoshi , Tamura Motohide 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We report on the determination of the mass of TOI-519 b, a transiting substellar object around a mid-M dwarf. We carried out radial velocity measurements using Subaru/InfraRed Doppler (IRD), revealing that TOI-519 b is a planet with a mass of $0.463^{+0.082}_{-0.088}\, M_{\rm Jup}$. We also found that the host star is metal rich ([Fe/H] = 0.27 ± 0.09 dex) and has the lowest effective temperature (Teff = 3322 ± 49 K) among all stars hosting known close-in giant planets based on the IRD spectra and mid-resolution infrared spectra obtained with NASA Infrared Telescope Facility/SpeX. The core mass of TOI-519 b inferred from a thermal evolution model ranges from 0 to ∼30 M⊕, which can be explained by both core accretion and disk instability models as the formation origins of this planet. However, TOI-519 is in line with the emerging trend that M dwarfs with close-in giant planets tend to have high metallicity, which may indicate that they formed in the core accretion model. The system is also consistent with the potential trend that close-in giant planets around M dwarfs tend to be less massive than those around FGK dwarfs.
miR171-targeted SCARECROW-LIKE genes CsSCL2 and CsSCL3 regulate somatic embryogenesis in citrus
Authors: Feng Meng-Qi , Jiang Nan , Wang Peng-Bo , Liu Yue , Xia Qiang-Ming , Jia Hui-Hui , Shi Qiao-Fang , Long Jian-Mei , Xiao Gong-Ao , Yin Zhao-Ping , Xie Kai-Dong , Guo Wen-Wu , Wu Xiao-Meng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a key regeneration pathway in various biotechnology approaches to crop improvement, especially for economically important perennial woody crops like citrus. However, maintenance of SE capability has long been a challenge and becomes a bottleneck in biotechnology-facilitated plant improvement. In the embryogenic callus (EC) of citrus, we identified 2 csi-miR171c–targeted SCARECROW-LIKE genes CsSCL2 and CsSCL3 (CsSCL2/3), which exert positive feedback regulation on csi-miR171c expression. Suppression of CsSCL2 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) enhanced SE in citrus callus. A thioredoxin superfamily protein CsClot was identified as an interactive protein of CsSCL2/3. Overexpression of CsClot disturbed reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in EC and enhanced SE. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and RNA-Seq identified 660 genes directly suppressed by CsSCL2 that were enriched in biological processes including development-related processes, auxin signaling pathway, and cell wall organization. CsSCL2/3 bound to the promoters of regeneration-related genes, such as WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 2 (CsWOX2), CsWOX13, and Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain 40 (LBD40), and repressed their expression. Overall, CsSCL2/3 modulate ROS homeostasis through the interactive protein CsClot and directly suppress the expression of regeneration-related genes, thus regulating SE in citrus. We uncovered a regulatory pathway of miR171c-targeted CsSCL2/3 in SE, which shed light on the mechanism of SE and regeneration capability maintenance in citrus.
Transcription factor OsSNAC1 positively regulates nitrate transporter gene expression in rice
Authors: Qi（杞金芳） Jinfang , Yu（郁露） Lu , Ding（丁静丽） Jingli , Ji（姬晨晨） Chenchen , Wang（汪社亮） Sheliang , Wang（王创） Chuang , Ding（丁广大） Guangda , Shi（石磊） Lei , Xu（徐芳森） Fangsen , Cai（蔡红梅） Hongmei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a critical factor for crop growth and yield. Improving N use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems is crucial for sustainable food production. However, the underlying regulation of N uptake and utilization in crops is not well known. Here, we identified OsSNAC1 (stress-responsive NAC 1) as an upstream regulator of OsNRT2.1 (nitrate transporter 2.1) in rice (Oryza sativa) by yeast 1-hybridization screening. OsSNAC1 was mainly expressed in roots and shoots and induced by N deficiency. We observed similar expression patterns of OsSNAC1, OsNRT2.1/2.2, and OsNRT1.1A/B in response to NO3− supply. Overexpression of OsSNAC1 resulted in increased concentrations of free NO3− in roots and shoots, as well as higher N uptake, higher NUE, and N use index (NUI) in rice plants, which conferred increased plant biomass and grain yield. On the contrary, mutations in OsSNAC1 resulted in decreased N uptake and lower NUI, which inhibited plant growth and yield. OsSNAC1 overexpression significantly upregulated OsNRT2.1/2.2 and OsNRT1.1A/B expression, while the mutation in OsSNAC1 significantly downregulated OsNRT2.1/2.2 and OsNRT1.1A/B expression. Y1H, transient co-expression, and ChIP assays showed OsSNAC1 directly binds to the upstream promoter regions of OsNRT2.1/2.2 and OsNRT1.1A/1.1B. In conclusion, we identified a NAC transcription factor in rice, OsSNAC1, with a positive role in regulating NO3− uptake through direct binding to the upstream promoter regions of OsNRT2.1/2.2 and OsNRT1.1A/1.1B and activating their expression. Our results provide a potential genetic approach for improving crop NUE in agriculture.
PmAGAMOUS recruits polycomb protein PmLHP1 to regulate single-pistil morphogenesis in Japanese apricot
Authors: Shi Ting , Bai Yang , Wu Xinxin , Wang Yike , Iqbal Shahid , Tan Wei , Ni Zhaojun , Gao Zhihong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) is a traditional fruit tree with a long history. Multiple pistils (MP) lead to the formation of multiple fruits, decreasing fruit quality and yield. In this study, the morphology of flowers was observed at 4 stages of pistil development: undifferentiated stage (S1), predifferentiation stage (S2), differentiation stage (S3), and late differentiation stage (S4). In S2 and S3, the expression of PmWUSCHEL (PmWUS) in the MP cultivar was significantly higher than that in the single-pistil (SP) cultivar, and the gene expression of its inhibitor, PmAGAMOUS (PmAG), also showed the same trend, indicating that other regulators participate in the regulation of PmWUS during this period. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) showed that PmAG could bind to the promoter and the locus of PmWUS, and H3K27me3 repressive marks were also detected at these sites. The SP cultivar exhibited an elevated level of DNA methylation in the promoter region of PmWUS, which partially overlapped with the region of histone methylation. This suggests that the regulation of PmWUS involves both transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Also, the gene expression of Japanese apricot LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN (PmLHP1), an epigenetic regulator, in MP was significantly lower than that in SP in S2 to 3, contrary to the trend in expression of PmWUS. Our results showed that PmAG recruited sufficient PmLHP1 to maintain the level of H3K27me3 on PmWUS during the S2 of pistil development. This recruitment of PmLHP1 by PmAG inhibits the expression of PmWUS at the precise time, leading to the formation of 1 normal pistil primordium.
GmGAMYB-BINDING PROTEIN 1 promotes small auxin-up RNA gene transcription to modulate soybean maturity and height
Authors: Sun Jingzhe , Zheng Yuhong , Guo Jinpeng , Zhang Yuntong , Liu Ying , Tao Yahan , Wang Mengyuan , Liu Tianmeng , Liu Yangyang , Li Xin , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhao Lin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Flowering time, maturity, and plant height are crucial agronomic traits controlled by photoperiod that affect soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) yield and regional adaptability. It is important to cultivate soybean cultivars of earlier maturity that adapt to high latitudes. GAMYB-binding protein 1 (GmGBP1), a member of the SNW/SKIP family of transcriptional coregulators in soybean, is induced by short days and interacts with transcription factor GAMYB (GmGAMYB) during photoperiod control of flowering time and maturity. In the present study, GmGBP1:GmGBP1 soybean showed the phenotypes of earlier maturity and higher plant height. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays of GmGBP1-binding sites and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of differentially expressed transcripts in GmGBP1:GmGBP1 further identified potential targets of GmGBP1, including small auxin-up RNA (GmSAUR). GmSAUR:GmSAUR soybean also showed earlier maturity and higher plant height. GmGBP1 interacted with GmGAMYB, bound to the promoter of GmSAUR and promoted the expression of FLOWER LOCUS T homologs 2a (GmFT2a) and FLOWERING LOCUS D LIKE 19 (GmFDL19). Flowering repressors such as GmFT4 were negatively regulated, resulting in earlier flowering and maturity. Furthermore, the interaction of GmGBP1 with GmGAMYB increased the gibberellin (GA) signal to promote height and hypocotyl elongation by activating GmSAUR and GmSAUR bound to the promoter of the GA-positive activating regulator gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis 32 (GmGASA32). These results suggested a photoperiod regulatory pathway in which the interaction of GmGBP1 with GmGAMYB directly activated GmSAUR to promote earlier maturity and plant height in soybean.
Vitamin A deficiency compromises the barrier function of the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Moon Jean , Zhou Gao , Jankowsky Eckhard , von Lintig Johannes 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A major cause for childhood blindness worldwide is attributed to nutritional vitamin A deficiency. Surprisingly, the molecular basis of the ensuing retinal degeneration has not been well defined. Abundant expression of the retinoid transporter STRA6 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and homeostatic blood levels of retinol-binding protein delay vitamin A deprivation of the mouse eyes. Hence, genetic dissection of STRA6 makes mice susceptible to nutritional manipulation of ocular retinoid status. We performed RNA-seq analyses and complemented the data with tests of visual physiology, ocular morphology, and retinoid biochemistry to compare eyes with different vitamin A status. Mild ocular vitamin A deficiency decreased transcripts of photoreceptor transduction pathway-related genes and increased transcripts of oxidative stress pathways. The response was associated with impaired visual sensitivity and an accumulation of fluorescent debris in the retina. Severe vitamin A deficiency did not only impair visual perception but also decreased transcripts of genes encoding cell adhesion and cellular junction proteins. This response altered cell morphology, resulted in significant changes in transport pathways of small molecules, and compromised the barrier function of the RPE. Together, our analyses characterize the molecular events underlying nutritional blindness in a novel mouse model and indicate that breakdown of the outer blood–retinal barrier contributes to retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell death in severe vitamin A deficiency.
Global quantification of newly synthesized proteins reveals cell type- and inhibitor-specific effects on protein synthesis inhibition
Authors: Yin Kejun , Tong Ming , Suttapitugsakul Suttipong , Xu Senhan , Wu Ronghu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Manipulation of protein synthesis is commonly applied to uncover protein functions and cellular activities. Multiple inhibitors with distinct mechanisms have been widely investigated and employed in bio-related research, but it is extraordinarily challenging to measure and evaluate the synthesis inhibition efficiencies of individual proteins by different inhibitors at the proteome level. Newly synthesized proteins are the immediate and direct products of protein synthesis, and thus their comprehensive quantification provides a unique opportunity to study protein inhibition. Here, we systematically investigate protein inhibition and evaluate different popular inhibitors, i.e. cycloheximide, puromycin, and anisomycin, through global quantification of newly synthesized proteins in several types of human cells (A549, MCF-7, Jurkat, and THP-1 cells). The inhibition efficiencies of protein synthesis are comprehensively measured by integrating azidohomoalanine-based protein labeling, selective enrichment, a boosting approach, and multiplexed proteomics. The same inhibitor results in dramatic variation of the synthesis inhibition efficiencies for different proteins in the same cells, and each inhibitor exhibits unique preferences. Besides cell type- and inhibitor-specific effects, some universal rules are unraveled. For instance, nucleolar and ribosomal proteins have relatively higher inhibition efficiencies in every type of cells treated with each inhibitor. Moreover, proteins intrinsically resistant or sensitive to the inhibition are identified and found to have distinct functions. Systematic investigation of protein synthesis inhibition in several types of human cells by different inhibitors provides valuable information about the inhibition of protein synthesis, advancing our understanding of inhibiting protein synthesis.
Searching for quasi-periodic eruptions using machine learning
Authors: Webbe Robbie , Young A J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Quasi-periodic eruption (QPE) is a rare phenomenon in which the X-ray emission from the nuclei of galaxies shows a series of large amplitude flares. Only a handful of QPEs have been observed but the possibility remains that there are as yet undetected sources in archival data. Given the volume of data available a manual search is not feasible, and so we consider an application of machine learning to archival data to determine whether a set of time-domain features can be used to identify further light curves containing eruptions. Using a neural network and 14 variability measures we are able to classify light curves with accuracies of greater than $94{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ with simulated data and greater than $98{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ with observational data on a sample consisting of 12 light curves with QPEs and 52 light curves without QPEs. An analysis of 83 531 X-ray detections from the XMM Serendipitous Source Catalogue allowed us to recover light curves of known QPE sources and examples of several categories of variable stellar objects.
Association between knee magnetic resonance imaging markers and knee symptoms over 6–9 years in young adults
Authors: Singh Ambrish , Venn Alison , Blizzard Leigh , March Lyn , Eckstein Felix , Jones Graeme , Wirth Wolfgang , Cicuttini Flavia , Ding Changhai , Antony Benny 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To describe associations between MRI markers with knee symptoms in young adults.

Methods
Knee symptoms were assessed using the WOMAC scale during the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Knee Cartilage study (CDAH-knee; 2008–2010) and at the 6- to 9-year follow-up (CDAH-3; 2014–2019). Knee MRI scans obtained at baseline were assessed for morphological markers (cartilage volume, cartilage thickness, subchondral bone area) and structural abnormalities [cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions (BMLs)]. Univariable and multivariable (age, sex, BMI adjusted) zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models were used for analysis.

Results
The participants’ mean age in CDAH-knee and CDAH-3 were 34.95 (s.d. 2.72) and 43.27 (s.d. 3.28) years, with 49% and 48% females, respectively. Cross-sectionally, there was a weak but significant negative association between medial femorotibial compartment (MFTC) [ratio of the mean (RoM) 0.99971084 (95% CI 0.9995525, 0.99986921), P &lt; 0.001], lateral femorotibial compartment (LFTC) [RoM 0.99982602 (95% CI 0.99969915, 0.9999529), P = 0.007] and patellar cartilage volume [RoM 0.99981722 (95% CI 0.99965326, 0.9999811), P = 0.029] with knee symptoms. Similarly, there was a negative association between patellar cartilage volume [RoM 0.99975523 (95% CI 0.99961427, 0.99989621), P = 0.014], MFTC cartilage thickness [RoM 0.72090775 (95% CI 0.59481806, 0.87372596), P = 0.001] and knee symptoms assessed after 6–9 years. The total bone area was negatively associated with knee symptoms at baseline [RoM 0.9210485 (95% CI 0.8939677, 0.9489496), P &lt; 0.001] and 6–9 years [RoM 0.9588811 (95% CI 0.9313379, 0.9872388), P = 0.005]. The cartilage defects and BMLs were associated with greater knee symptoms at baseline and 6–9 years.

Conclusion
BMLs and cartilage defects were positively associated with knee symptoms, whereas cartilage volume and thickness at MFTC and total bone area were weakly and negatively associated with knee symptoms. These results suggest that the quantitative and semiquantitative MRI markers can be explored as a marker of clinical progression of OA in young adults.
COVID-19 Pandemic in Ireland and the Gendered Division of Care Work: The Impact of the Pandemic on Childcare Policy
Authors: Bobek Alicja , Clavero Sara , Gavigan Sylvia , Ryan Mark 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the policy domains of care, with a particular focus on childcare. By using historical institutionalism as a conceptual framework, and Ireland as a case study, the article examines the extent to which the pandemic constituted a “critical juncture” leading to change in childcare policy in the country. The study is based on data collected in Ireland as part of the RESISTIRÉ project (Responding to outbreaks through co-creative inclusive equality strategies and collaboration), which investigates the impact of COVID-19 on equality in thirty-one countries, specifically through a gender+ approach that focuses on analyzing the impact of policy responses to COVID-19 on existing inequalities. The analysis carried out in this article reveals that changes in childcare policy were more adaptive than transformative, and that the underlying gender logic of the Irish welfare state regime remained unchanged.
Role of PPARγ in dyslipidemia and altered pulmonary functioning in mice following ozone exposure
Authors: Smith Ley Cody , Gow Andrew J , Abramova Elena , Vayas Kinal , Guo Changjiang , Noto Jack , Lyman Jack , Rodriquez Jessica , Gelfand-Titiyevskiy Benjamin , Malcolm Callum , Laskin Jeffrey D , Laskin Debra L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Exposure to ozone causes decrements in pulmonary function, a response associated with alterations in lung lipids. Pulmonary lipid homeostasis is dependent on the activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor that regulates lipid uptake and catabolism by alveolar macrophages (AMs). Herein, we assessed the role of PPARγ in ozone-induced dyslipidemia and aberrant lung function in mice. Exposure of mice to ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) resulted in a significant reduction in lung hysteresivity at 72 h post exposure; this correlated with increases in levels of total phospholipids, specifically cholesteryl esters, ceramides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphorylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and di- and triacylglycerols in lung lining fluid. This was accompanied by a reduction in relative surfactant protein-B (SP-B) content, consistent with surfactant dysfunction. Administration of the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) reduced total lung lipids, increased relative amounts of SP-B, and normalized pulmonary function in ozone-exposed mice. This was associated with increases in lung macrophage expression of CD36, a scavenger receptor important in lipid uptake and a transcriptional target of PPARγ. These findings highlight the role of alveolar lipids as regulators of surfactant activity and pulmonary function following ozone exposure and suggest that targeting lipid uptake by lung macrophages may be an efficacious approach for treating altered respiratory mechanics.
Skin-to-skin contact and its effect on mothers’ postpartum psychological distress and their full-term neonate in Egypt
Authors: El Sehmawy Asmaa A , Younes Abd Elaziz Shaimaa , Elwahed Rania Mahfouz Abd , Elsheikh Asmaa Abdelghany 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Design
A randomized controlled study was conducted on 400 mothers, who were divided into two groups: 200 mothers who applied skin-to-skin infant care (SSC) for at least 1 h daily for 12 weeks and 200 mothers who performed the usual mother–infant care. The mothers were recruited from the Obstetric Department of Al-Zahraa University Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. The enrolled mothers' infants were assessed for body weight. Sleep hours and frequency of breast milk feeding were evaluated by the mother during the day. All of the mothers who took part in the study were assessed for postoperative pain, wound healing, postpartum depression, anxiety, sleep quality and newborn maternal bonding.

Results
There was a significant increase in frequencies of breastfeeding and the body weight at 12 weeks’ postnatal age and also an increase in sleep hours in the infants who had SSC. The mothers who performed SSC had good sleep quality in comparison with those who performed the usual infant care; in addition, they had less postoperative pain intensity and proper wound healing apart from better maternal–infant bond, decreased anxiety and decreased depression frequency.

Conclusion
SSC was associated with better infant breastfeeding, increased sleep hours in infants and less postpartum psychological burden in mothers.