bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the reliability of Large Language Models to misinformed and demographically informed prompts
Authors: Aremu Toluwani , Akinwehinmi Oluwakemi , Nwagu Chukwuemeka , Ahmed Syed Ishtiaque , Orji Rita , Amo Pedro Arnau Del , Saddik Abdulmotaleb El 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe investigate and observe the behavior and performance of Large Language Model (LLM)‐backed chatbots in addressing misinformed prompts and questions with demographic information within the domains of Climate Change and Mental Health. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, we assess the chatbots' ability to discern the veracity of statements, their adherence to facts, and the presence of bias or misinformation in their responses. Our quantitative analysis using True/False questions reveals that these chatbots can be relied on to give the right answers to these close‐ended questions. However, the qualitative insights, gathered from domain experts, shows that there are still concerns regarding privacy, ethical implications, and the necessity for chatbots to direct users to professional services. We conclude that while these chatbots hold significant promise, their deployment in sensitive areas necessitates careful consideration, ethical oversight, and rigorous refinement to ensure they serve as a beneficial augmentation to human expertise rather than an autonomous solution. Dataset and assessment information can be found at https://github.com/tolusophy/Edge‐of‐Tomorrow.
Molecular Ferroelectrics for Highly Sensitive Detection Toward Low‐Frequency Sound Recognition
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Li Lutao , Li Jiating , Wang Chen , Cong Shan , Zhao Guoxiang , Du Xinyu , Huang Chao‐Ran , Cao Hengyu , Cheng Weiyu , Ye Yaqi , Liu Chengyuan , Li Bin , Liao Wei‐Qiang , Lu Zheng , Tang Rujun , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Zou Guifu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHuman hearing cannot sensitively detect sounds below 100 Hz, which can affect the physical well‐being and lead to dizziness, headaches, and nausea. Piezoelectric acoustic sensors still lack sensitivity to low‐frequency sounds owing to the low piezoelectric coefficient or high elastic modulus of materials. The low elastic modulus and substantial piezoelectric coefficient of molecular ferroelectric materials make them excellent candidates for acoustic sensors. In this study, the molecular ferroelectric, [(CH3)3NCH2Cl]CdCl3, is used as a piezoelectric active layer in the construction of a piezoelectric acoustic sensor for low‐frequency sound detection. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (47.43 mV Pa−1 cm−2) at 87 Hz, with an excellent level of frequency resolution (up to 0.1 Hz). This facilitates the accurate discrimination and detection of low‐frequency sounds, which is suitable for noise detection applications. The sensor differentiates between various musical instruments and heartbeats, and recognizes audio signals. This study highlights the potential of molecular ferroelectric materials in piezoelectric acoustic device applications, including noise detection, health monitoring, and human‐computer interactions.
Manganese Galvanic Cells Intervene in Tumor Metabolism to Reinforce cGAS‐STING Activation for Bidirectional Synergistic Hydrogen‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Nailin , Sun Shumin , Xu Jiachen , Gong Fei , Lei Huali , Hao Yu , Pei Zifan , Wang Chenya , Yu Qiao , Nie Jihu , Jiang Nan , Ni Caifang , Cheng Liang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe cGAS‐STING pathway is pivotal in initiating antitumor immunity. However, tumor metabolism, particularly glycolysis, negatively regulates the activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway. Herein, Mn galvanic cells (MnG) are prepared via liquid‐phase exfoliation and in situ galvanic replacement to modulate tumor metabolism, thereby enhancing cGAS‐STING activation for bidirectional synergistic H2‐immunotherapy. The obtained MnG can be etched by water, enabling efficient and sustained generation of H2 gas and Mn2+. MnG not only activated and amplified the cGAS‐STING pathway through the sustained release of Mn2+ but also regulated tumor glucose metabolism to inhibit the expression of three prime repair exonuclease 2 (TREX2), thereby synergistically enhancing the activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway. The injection of MnG into tumors resulted in a robust immune response, thereby providing favorable support for antitumor therapy. Consequently, the combination of MnG with immune checkpoint blockade therapy resulted in significant suppression of both primary tumors and distant tumors. Furthermore, the MnG‐lipiodol dispersion exhibited remarkable efficacy in combination with transarterial embolization (TAE)‐gas‐immunotherapy in a rabbit orthotopic liver tumor model. The present study underscores the significance of employing a metal galvanic cell strategy for enhanced immunotherapy, thereby offering a novel approach for rational design of bioactive materials to augment immunotherapeutic effectiveness.
Riveting Nucleation Enabled Long Cycling Life Calcium Metal Anodes
Authors: Han Yehu , Guo Youzhang , Zhou Jianbin , Ding Xu , Zhang Yuchen , Li Wanxia , Liu Yang , Chen Yawei , Jie Yulin , Lei Zhanwu , Liu Yue , Guan Yong , Tian Yangchao , Cheng Tao , Chen Muqing , Jiao Shuhong , Cao Ruiguo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCalcium metal batteries with high capacity and low cost are promising alternatives to Li‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage. However, its development is crucially impeded by the irreversible Ca metal anode, which is highly associated with uncontrollable Ca plating/stripping. Here, we report a new riveting strategy to regulate the nucleation and growth of a Ca metal anode in the 3D structure of a carbon nanotube film (CNF) by introducing in situ‐formed Na metal mediators. Na metal mediators are found to first deposit in the CNF substrate prior to Ca nucleation and subsequently induce dense and uniform Ca plating due to their thermodynamically favorable kinetics. Therefore, even at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a high capacity of 5 mAh cm−2, it realizes the uniform nucleation and growth of dendrite‐free Ca metal. Moreover, an unprecedented cycling life of over 800 cycles is also achieved for Ca metal batteries with a high coulombic efficiency above 98.4%. This work demonstrates the significance of a riveting strategy to enable the superior performance of Ca metal batteries by regulating the plating/stripping behaviors of Ca metal anodes and paves a new way for the development of Ca metal batteries.
Leech‐Inspired Amphibious Soft Robot Driven by High‐Voltage Triboelectricity
Authors: Zheng Qiwei , Xin Liming , Zhang Qin , Shen Fan , Lu Xiao , Cao Chen , Xin Chuanfu , Zhao Yang , Liu Heming , Peng Yan , Luo Jun , Guo Hengyu , Li Zhongjie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLeech locomotion, characterized by alternating sucker attachment and body contraction provides high adaptability and stability on complex terrains. Herein, a leech‐inspired triboelectric soft robot is proposed for the first time, capable of amphibious movement, climbing, and load‐carrying crawling. A high‐performance triboelectric bionic robot system is developed to drive and control electro‐responsive soft robots. Its core components include: i) a leech‐inspired soft robot (LSR) made from segmented dielectric elastomer muscles. ii) The triboelectric sucker produces anisotropic frictional forces. iii) The multi‐channel high‐voltage output triboelectric nanogenerator (HDC‐TENG) effectively drives the LSR. iv) The high‐voltage triboelectric control unit adapted for the HDC‐TENG enables flexible LSR control. Using the scalable structure of the dielectric elastomer muscles enables the LSR to achieve a maximum crawling speed of 0.39 body lengths per minute on land (45 mm min−1) and 0.22 body lengths per minute in liquid (30.5 mm min−1). It can also carry a payload of 11.55 grams on acrylic while crawling. This research provides a sustainable and promising new solution for self‐powered high‐voltage energy sources suitable for electro‐responsive soft robots.
Programmable Electromagnetic Wave Absorption via Tailored Metal Single Atom‐Support Interactions
Authors: Yuan Mingyue , Li Bangxin , Du Yiqian , Liu Jiajun , Zhou Xiaodi , Cui Jiacheng , Lv Hualiang , Che Renchao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal single atoms (SA)‐support interactions inherently exhibit significant electrochemical activity, demonstrating potential in energy catalysis. However, leveraging these interactions to modulate electronic properties and extend application fields is a formidable challenge, demanding in‐depth understanding and quantitative control of atomic‐scale interactions. Herein, in situ, off‐axis electron holography technique is utilized to directly visualize the interactions between SAs and the graphene surface. These interactions facilitate the formation of dispersed nanoscale regions with high charge density and are highly sensitive to external electromagnetic (EM) fields, resulting in controllable dynamic relaxation processes for charge accumulation and restoration. This leads to customized dielectric relaxation, which is difficult to achieve with current band engineering methods. Moreover, these electronic behaviors are insensitive to elevated temperatures, having characteristics distinct from those of typical metallic or semiconducting materials. Based on these results, programmable EM wave absorption properties are achieved by developing a library of SA‐graphene materials and precisely controlling SA‐support interactions to tailor their responses to EM waves in terms of frequency and intensity. This advancement addresses the customized anti‐EM interference requirements of electronic components, greatly enhancing the development of integrated circuits and micro‐nano chips. Future efforts will concentrate on manipulating atomic interactions in SA‐support, potentially revolutionizing nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
Photoinduced Hydrogen Atom Transfer Activation of Benzylic C−H Bonds Functionalization
Authors: Guo Guozhe , Li Wenduo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVisible light, as an efficient and renewable resource, has gained significant attention in organic synthesis due to its mild, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly nature. Among the various photocatalytic processes, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) has become a crucial mechanism for the activation of C−H bonds, with a particular focus on the functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds. This review shows recent developments in the area of photoinduced HAT and its use in benzylic C−H bonds functionalization. We discuss halogen atom radicals, N‐centered radical, O‐centered radical, S‐centered radical and C‐centered radical in HAT processes, and influence on reaction selectivity and substrate versatility. The potential of photoinduced HAT to bypass the need for transition metal catalysts and directing groups positions it as a promising approach for constructing intricate organic molecules with high atom economy and sustainability. This review aims to offer a detailed summary of the current state of photoinduced HAT, providing insights into its potential uses in synthetic chemistry.
Deacylation of N‐Acylsulfonamides Mediated by Metal Triflimides
Authors: Tian Juan , Yang Shimin , Peng Ying , Chen Mengyun , Chen Xin , Wang Xinyi , Sang Dayong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractN‐Acylsulfonamides play a significant role in organic and medicinal chemistry. The N‐deacylation of N‐acylsulfonamides is an important transformation that releases the sulfonamide structural motif. Herein, a metal triflimide‐catalyzed nonhydrolytic method for the deacylation of N‐acylsulfonamides is presented. Commercially available metal triflimides reactive for the N‐deacylation include Cu(NTf2)2, Zn(NTf2)2, Mg(NTf2)2, Ce(NTf2)3, and La(NTf2)3. A range of N‐acyl groups, including acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, octanoyl, benzoyl, 2‐phenylacetyl, and sterically hindered pivaloyl are readily deblocked efficiently. A variety of functional groups, such as halogeno, keto, nitro, cyano, ether, and carboxylate, are tolerated intact.
History of Health at Cayo Santiago—An Investigation of Environmental and Genetic Influences on the Skeletal Remains of the Introduced Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Colony
Authors: Francis George , Wang Qian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Cayo Santiago rhesus macaque colony is a renowned primate population that has experienced significant natural and anthropogenic ecological variation in their 85‐year history. Demographic and familial information is also tracked and collated for the majority of monkeys. Thus, the health history of rhesus macaques at Cayo Santiago should reflect the impacts of both environmental and genetic factors. In this study, we utilized a sample of skeletal remains comprised of 2787 individuals (1571 females, 1091 males), born between 1938 and 2017 from the derived skeletal collection of the primate colony to assess variation in survivorship, pathology, bone mineral density (BMD), and dental eruption status, in the context of hurricane impacts, nutritional fluctuations, and matriline genealogy. Results demonstrated that rhesus macaques at Cayo Santiago exhibit a range of skeletal pathologies that encompass biomedical and archaeological significance, multiple etiologies, severities, locations, and types, in addition to a secular trend of declining BMD that is hypothesized to reflect decreasing physical activity levels under increasing population densities. Specifically, hurricane impacts were found to increase the rate of systemic disease, decrease BMD in young adults, and delay eruption of the primary dentition. Certain matrilines exhibited heightened levels of systemic disease at early ages while others exhibited greater rates of congenital disease. Early‐life adversity, through the experience of major hurricanes, may enhance inflammatory pathways, heightening the risk of disease and accelerating the aging process leading to reduced BMD. Such impacts may underly greater levels of observed infection post‐hurricane through intensification of pathogen transmission and disease rates brought on by hurricane‐adaptive social strategies that favor closer proximity. Familial susceptibility to disease indicates heritable host genetic factors are likely influencing disease patterning in the population. A cluster of congenital diseases may most convincingly illustrate this, or alternatively reflects low levels of genetic diversity in the population.
Comparing Efficacy of Steroid Irrigation + Steroid‐eluting Sinus Stent Versus Steroid Irrigation Alone for Maintaining Frontal Sinus Patency After Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fieux Maxime , Noel Julia , Roozdar Pooya , Neves Caio Athayde , Yan Carol H. , Tyler Matt , Rathor Aakanksha , Chang Michael T. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. , Patel Zara M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSteroid rinses and steroid‐eluting stents are both options for preventing postoperative stenosis after frontal sinus surgery. This study aimed to assess whether steroid‐eluting stents offer added benefit over steroid rinses alone in postoperative healing and long‐term frontal sinus patency.MethodsA randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) who underwent surgery for bilateral and equal frontal sinusitis after failing prior medical therapy. Each patient served as their own control, with each patient randomized to stent placement in either right or left frontal sinuses. Exclusion criteria included unequal frontal sinusitis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and immunocompromise. All patients used steroid rinses postoperatively. Scarring, edema, patency, and the need for additional treatments were assessed at 1, 3, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsSixty‐two patients were enrolled. Postoperatively, scarring, edema, patency, and the need for further treatment were similar in both groups at 24 weeks (p = 0.878, 0.688, 0.817, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively). Multivariable regression analysis identified time as an independent risk factor for scarring (OR = 1.32, [1.03‒1.71]) and patency (OR = 1.39, [1.10‒1.82]), while it was an independent protective factor for edema (OR = 0.40, [0.32‒0.49]). The steroid‐eluting stent did not significantly affect this.ConclusionFor CRSwNP, with or without asthma, without other underlying systemic disease factors, steroid‐eluting stents may not add benefit over steroid rinses in reducing postoperative scarring and edema, improving long‐term frontal sinus patency, or reducing the need for additional treatments, as long as patients continue topical therapy and know how to rinse effectively.
Identification of risk factors and development of a predictive nomogram for sarcopenia in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Sihui , Ou Ruwei , Wei Qianqian , Fu Jiajia , Zhao Bi , Chen Xueping , Shang Huifang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSarcopenia, with its complex diagnostic process, is a likely independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, research on the clinical characteristics and biomarkers of AD patients with sarcopenia (ADSA) is limited.METHODSThis study included 180 ADSA and 188 AD patients without sarcopenia (ADNSA), and evaluated demographics, cognitive function, motor capacity, emotional state, and daily living abilities.RESULTSADSA patients were older, with worse motor and cognitive functions, more severe depression, poorer social functioning, and lower daily living abilities compared to ADNSA patients. Multivariate regression identified age, low Frailty Rating Scale (FRS) scores, low serum albumin level, and low creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR) as risk factors for sarcopenia. A nomogram model based on these indicators demonstrated high discriminative power and clinical utility.DISCUSSIONSarcopenia significantly affects AD patients’ various functions. The nomogram model aids in the early detection of and personalized interventions for sarcopenia in AD.Highlights
Sarcopenia is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the coexistence of sarcopenia affects various functions and quality of life in patients with AD.
Serum albumin and Frailty Rating Scale (FRS) scores are significantly associated with both sarcopenia and cognitive assessment indicators in AD patients with sarcopenia (ADSA).
The combined sarcopenia nomogram model with indexes of age at diagnosis, creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR), FRS score, and albumin levels can aid in effectively identifying and personalizing interventions for sarcopenia in the AD population.
Packing Engineering of Zirconium Metal‐Organic Cages in Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation
Authors: Yang Ziqi , Peh Shing Bo , Xi Shibo , Lu Yanqiu , Liu Qixing , Zhao Dan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal‐organic cages (MOCs) have been considered as emerging zero‐dimensional (0D) porous fillers to generate molecularly homogeneous MOC‐based membrane materials. However, the discontinuous pore connectivity and low filler concentrations limit the improvement of membrane separation performance. Herein, we propose the dimension augmentation of MOCs in membranes using three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular MOC networks as filler materials in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). We further explore the packing engineering of MOC networks to produce distinct polymorphs (α and β phases) for tailoring membrane performance. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy were employed to differentiate distinct MOC polymorphous networks within membranes. Gas permeation tests revealed that the corresponding MMMs showed superior CO2/CH4 separation performance, exceeding the Robeson upper bound. Our proposed approach is expected to enrich the repertoire of reticular chemistry pertaining to molecular‐based networks.
Polyglycidamides: from Backbone‐Promoted Amidation to Degradable Polyether with Wide‐Range LCST
Authors: Hong Xingpei , Liu Shan , Pang Jie , Zhao Junpeng , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmide groups occur extensively in natural and synthetic polymers cultivating their vital roles in biological and industrial worlds. We report here an efficient and controlled pathway to amide‐functionalized polyethers through ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of commercially available ethyl glycidate followed by amidation of the pendant ester groups. Transesterification is inhibited during the ROP by use of a two‐component organocatalyst. Surprisingly, amidation can be completed even at 0 °C uncatalyzed, which is attributed to the electron‐withdrawing effect of the oxygenated backbone as well as the inter‐/intra‐chain hydrogen bonding. Also interestingly, ethylene glycol and water are found to further accelerate the amidation while suppressing backbone degradation. The obtained polyglycidamides (PGAms) exhibit aqueous thermoresponsive properties, similar to their carbon‐chain counterparts (polyacrylamides). Cloud point can be linearly modulated by co‐amidation using two amines of varied ratios. Unlike polyacrylamides and regular polyethers, PGAm is degradable through retro‐oxa‐Michael addition under basic conditions.
Intensifying Interfacial Reverse Hydrogen Spillover for Boosted Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Ouyang Xiao , Qiao Wei , Yang Yuting , Xi Baojuan , Yu Yu , Wu Yilu , Fang Jingyun , Li Ping , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRational regulation of active hydrogen (*H) behavior is crucial for advancing electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) to ammonia (NH3), yet in‐depth understanding of the *H generation, transfer, and utilization remains ambiguous, and explorations for *H dynamic optimization are urgently needed. Herein we engineer a Ni3N nanosheet array intimately decorated with Cu nanoclusters (NF/Ni3N−Cu) for remarkably boosted NO3RR. From comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations, the Ni3N moieties favors water dissociation to generate *H, and then *H can rapidly transfer to the Cu via unique reverse hydrogen spillover mediating interfacial Ni−N−Cu bridge bond, thus increasing *H coverage on the Cu site for subsequent deoxygenation/hydrogenation. More impressively, such intriguing reverse hydrogen spillover effect can be further strengthened via elegant engineering of the Ni3N/Cu heterointerface with more intimate contact. Consequently, the NF/Ni3N−Cu with Cu nanoclusters intimate anchoring presents record NH3 yield rate of 1.19 mmol h−1 cm−2 and Faradaic efficiency of 98.7 % at −0.3 V vs. RHE, being on par with the state‐of‐the‐art ones. Additionally, with NF/Ni3N−Cu as the cathode, a high‐performing Zn−NO3− battery can be assembled. This contribution illuminates a novel pathway to optimize *H behavior via distinct reverse hydrogen spillover for promoted NO3RR and other hydrogenation reactions.