bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axonal mapping of motor and sensory components within the ulnar nerve and its branches
Authors: Tereshenko Vlad , Maierhofer Udo , Hruby Laura A. , Klepetko Johanna , Dotzauer Dominik C. , Politikou Olga , Laengle Gregor , Luft Matthias , Festin Christopher , Blumer Roland , Bergmeister Konstantin D. , Aszmann Oskar C. 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE
Intrinsic function is indispensable for dexterous hand movements. Distal ulnar nerve defects can result in intrinsic muscle dysfunction and sensory deficits. Although the ulnar nerve’s fascicular anatomy has been extensively studied, quantitative and topographic data on motor axons traveling within this nerve remain elusive.

METHODS
The ulnar nerves of 14 heart-beating organ donors were evaluated. The motor branches to the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscles and the dorsal branch (DoBUN) as well as 3 segments of the ulnar nerve were harvested in 2-cm increments. Samples were subjected to double immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against choline acetyltransferase and neurofilament.

RESULTS
Samples revealed more than 25,000 axons in the ulnar nerve at the forearm level, with a motor axon proportion of only 5%. The superficial and DoBUN showed high axon numbers of more than 21,000 and 9300, respectively. The axonal mapping of more than 1300 motor axons revealed an increasing motor/sensory ratio from the proximal ulnar nerve (1:20) to the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (1:7). The motor branches (FDP and FCU) showed that sensory axons outnumber motor axons by a ratio of 10:1.

CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of the detailed axonal architecture of the motor and sensory components of the human ulnar nerve is of the utmost importance for surgeons considering fascicular grafting or nerve transfer surgery. The low number of efferent axons in motor branches of the ulnar nerve and their distinct topographical distribution along the distal course of the nerve is indispensable information for modern nerve surgery.
Gaussian Processes-BayesFilters with Non-Parametric Data Optimization for Efficient 2D LiDAR Based People Tracking
Authors: Zainudin Zulkarnain , Kodagoda Sarath 
Published: April 2023

A model for expressing and describing human motion patterns must be able to improve tracking accuracy. However, Conventional Bayesian Filters such as Kalman Filter (KF) and Particle Filter (PF) are vulnerable to failure when dealing with highly maneuverable targets and long-term occlusions. Gaussian Processes (GP) is then used to adapt human motion patterns and integrate the model with Bayesian Filters. In GP, all samples in training phase need to be included and periodically, new samples will be added into training samples whenever it is available. Larger amount of data will increase the computational time to produce the learned GP models due to data redundancies. As a result, Mutual Information (MI) based technique with Mahalanobis Distance (MD) is developed to keep only the informative data. This method is used to process data which is collected by a robot equipped with a LiDAR. Experiments have demonstrated that reducing data does not raise Average Root Mean Square Error (ARMSE) considerably. EKF, PF, GP-EKF and GP-PF are utilised as a tool for tracking people and all techniques have been analyzed in order to distinguish which method is more efficient. The performance of GP-EKF and GP-PF are then compared to EKF and PF where it proved that GP-BayesFilters performs better than Conventional Bayesian Filters. The proposed approach has reduced data points up to more than 90\% while keeping the ARMSE within acceptable limits. This data optimization technique will save computational time especially when deal with periodically accumulative data sets. Comparing on four tracking methods, both GP-PF and GP-EKF have achieved higher tracking performance when dealing with highly maneuverable targets and occlusions.
Oil in the age of coronavirus: Hysteria or appropriate fall?
Authors: Nepp Aleksandr 
Published: April 2023

We look at the oil price fall in the beginning of 2020 and the effects of coronavirus and the attention towards it on these prices. Such a fall was observed at multiple markets simultaneously with the spread of coronavirus and the panic around it, and oil market wasn’t an exception. Using OLS time series models, we investigate — what was the main reason behind such a fall — the coronavirus pandemic itself or rather the attention towards it. We prove the absence of straight effects of the COVID-19 itself on oil prices. At the same time we find significant negative impact of the attention towards COVID-19 on the Internet search on the oil prices. We investigate the role of the OPEC in mitigating the negative impact of coronavirus and the attention towards it. We found that after the OPEC summit both the number of Covid cases and the attention towards the disease lost its influence on oil prices. Our paper is relevant for the behavioral finance researchers, as well as for those who look at the influence of informational shocks on different markets and particularly, on the oil market and at the effect of the COVID-19 on the economy.
CAES Compressed Air Energy System: Dynamic Simulation & Optimization
Authors: Capata Roberto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract: A CAES (Compressed Air Energy System) plant can be considered as a storage system. The purpose is to store air under pressure and then use it, when required, to generate energy. The system is composed of a series of compressors and heat exchangers and the architecture of the plant aims to reduce compression work and improve storage efficiency. The storage tank can be different depending on the case and the final use, so a cave, a combustion chamber or an expander. Currently the plants that have been built are in Germany (plant built in 1978 with a rated power of 290 MW) and in the USA (built in 1991 with a rated power of 110 MW). In both configurations, the plants use saline caves as reservoirs. Lately, different types of plant are being studied, but they are still in the design phase.
The objective of the present work is, through a steady-state and then a dynamic simulation, to analyze the positive aspects of this technology and its criticalities, trying to optimize its layout. In addition, through a comparison with the few data available on existing plants, create a database of great interest for researchers and experts in the field. Finally, evaluate, based on the data obtained, the possible developments of technology in the context of the "low carbon transition" through the possible use of renewable sources, such as solar photovoltaic, wind and so on.
Cerita Legenda Desa Pulorejo dalam Kaitannya dengan Pembelajaran Sastra di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wann Nurdiana Sari  , Mohammad Khanzunnudin  
Published: April 2023

Banyaknya cerita rakyat lokal yang belum dikaitkan dengan proses pembelajaran sastra di sekolah dasar. Sehingga guru perlu mengaitkan cerita rakyat lokal yang dapat dikaitkan dengan materi cerita non fiksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskrpsikan asal usul cerita rakyat Desa Pulorejo dan mendeskripsikan kaitannya dengan pembelajaran sastra di Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif dengan objek penelitiannya yaitu cerita rakyat asal usul Desa Pulorejo. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan pencatatan. Instrumen wawancara dilakukan dengan guru dan siswa, observasi dilakukan mengenai proses pembelajaran. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat Desa Pulorej sebanyak 3 orang.. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dari penelitian ini diperoleh data bahwa asal usul Desa Pulorejo bermula pada perjalanan wanita bernama Murah yang berparas cantik dan pandai bernyanyi serta menari. Kelebihan tersebut membuat para pemuda yang melihatnya jatuh hati. Kaitannya cerita rakyat asal usul Desa Pulorejo dengan pembelajaran sastra di Sekolah Dasar yaitu bida menjadi cara lain dalam penyampaian materi cerita rakyat untuk kelas VI SD semester 1 dalam Standar Kompetensi yang menjadi tujuan pembelajaran yaitu “Mendengarkan” menentukan unsur-unsur intrinsik dalam cerita rakyat yang sesuai dengan Kompetensi Dasar. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan pembelajaran yaitu metode ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, maupun penugasan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu cerita rakyat asal usul Desa Pulorejo dapat dikaitkan dengan pembelajaran sastra di sekolah dasar.
Media Pembelajaran Pop Up Book Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Resta Reres Gita , Kodri Safril 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Pop Up Book terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V SDN Ciangsana 04 Bogor. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode quasi eksperimen. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah kelas V SDN Ciangsana 04 Bogor dengan sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas V SDN Ciangsana 04 Bogor, yang terdiri dari 2 kelas, yaitu kelas V A yang berjumlah 29 siswa, sebagai kelas eksperimen, dan dan kelas V B yang terdiri dari 25 siswa, sebagai kelas kontrol. Dengan media pembelajaran pop up book dan dikelas kontrol menggunakan media pembelajaran konvensional. Pada penelitian ini alat pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah tes pilihan ganda berjumlah 20 soal yang telah diuji validasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar di kelas VA yang menggunakan media pembelajaran pop up book memiliki nilai rata-rata sebesar 92,321 sedangkan pada kelas V B yang menggunakan media pembelajaran konvensional memiliki memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 82,5. Dari hasil perhitungan uji perbedaan dua kelompok bebas diperoleh hasil bahwa hasil belajar kelompok siswa yang menggunakan media pop up book lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok siswa yang menggunakan media pembelajaran konvensional. Maka berdasarkan kriteria pengujian H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran pop up book dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas v di sdn ciangsana 04 bogor.
The Correlation between Students’ Reading Motivation and Reading Comprehension at Eighth Grade Students Level
Authors: Radiyah Radiyah , Astrid Annisa , Husnaini Husnaini 
Published: April 2023

The purposes of this research were to find out: (1) there was a correlation between students’ reading motivation and reading comprehension of students at eighth grade level in Palembang, (2) How much motivation contributed to reading comprehension of students at eighth grade level in Palembang. The population of this research was three private schools in Palembang (SMP Islam Az-Zahrah 1 Palembang, SMP IT Harapan Mulia Palembang, and SMP Tarbiyah Palembang) which consisted of two hundred ten students. And then, one hundred ten students were selected as the sample using the convenience sampling technique. The data were collected by using MRQ questionnaire by Wang and Guthrie (2004) and a reading comprehension test. Pearson Product Moment and regression analysis were used to determine the correlation and the contribution between the two variables. The result showed a correlation between reading motivation and reading comprehension with r (.257). Besides, there was also the contribution of reading motivation and reading comprehension with 6,6%. This research could have implications for English teachers, students, and subsequent researchers.
Pengaruh Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Tehadap Hasil Belajar IPS Ditinjau Dari Perbandingan Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Oktaviani Anna Maria , Marini Arita , Zulela MS Zulela MS 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kurikulum merdeka pada mata pelajaran IPS yang ditinjau dari kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN Cipocok Jaya 1 Kota Serang tepatnya di kelas Va dan Vb yang berjumlah 61 siswa. Penentuan sampel menggunakan Sampling Random yang memungkinkan seluruh jejang kelas menjadi sampel penelitian, berdasarkan hasil undi terpilihlah kelas V SDN Cipocok Jaya 1 yang menjadi sampel penelitian. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis Inferensial yang digunakan yakni uji t, yang digunakan adalah paired sampel t-test. Teknik uji t yang dilakukan menggunakan pengolah data statistical package for social scince(SPSS) versi 22 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pengaruh terhadap penerapan kurikulum merdeka belajar terhadap hasil belajar IPS di SDN Cipocok Jaya 1 Kota Serang yang diharapkan guru dapat mengembangkan segala aspek pengembangan diri untuk merdeka mengajar agar dapat menciptakan merdeka belajar bagi siswa.
Media Pembelajaran Audiovisual Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nurcahyanti Rosa Meilina , Tirtoni Feri 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan karena berdasarkan studi lapangan ditemukan rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri Sugihwaras pada mata pelajaran IPS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas V di SDN sugihwaras dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran audio visual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Pre – Eksperimental Design dengan desain penelitian One Grup Pretest – Posttest Design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tahun 2022 dengan jumlah sampel adalah 30 siswa kelas VSDN Sugihwaras. Instrumen penelitihan yang digunakan berupa Pretest – Posttest hasil belajar siswa. Teknik analisis data penelitian menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata dua sampel berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata – rata data post test lebih besar dibandingkan rata-rata pretest. Sedangkan hasil pengujian perbedaan rata-rata menunjukkan bahwa antara data pre-test dan post-test memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan media audiovisual lebih baik dibandingkan sebelumnya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media audiovisual terbukti dapat meningktkan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas V di SD Negeri Sugiwaras Candi.
Expression of Ki 67 and P53 immunohistochemical markers in central nervous system astrocytoma
Authors: Mahmood Mahmood Sh. , Kadhim Al – Khafaji Khitam R. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Several grading systems are used to grade astrocytomas. The most widely used system is the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (1979, 1993, 2000, and 2007) that grades astrocytomas (I-IV) based on cytological atypia, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation, and necrosis: pilocytic astrocytoma (grade I), diffuse astrocytoma (grade II), anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III), and glioblastoma (grade IV).Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate p53 over expression , Ki-67 expression in astrocytomas and Correlate these two markers with histologic grade of astrocytomas.Methods: Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks from 40 patients with brain astrocytoma included in this retrospective study. LSAB (Labeled Strept-Avidin, Biotin) method was employed for immunohistochemical detection of Ki – 67 and P53.Results: P53 was detected in (25%) of the cases and was signiﬁcantly positively correlated with grade IV. Ki-67 labeling index was (>5%) in (50%) of the cases. Both biomarkers were positively correlated with each other, and the grade of astrocytoma; however, Ki67 is a better marker for differentiating (diagnostic marker) between the grades of astrocytoma than p53.Conclusion: P53 overexpression and ki-67 expression plays an important role in pathogenesis of astrocytoma evolution, as they positively associated with higher tumor grade.
The prognostic role of p-53 protein Immunohistochemical expression in multiple myeloma
Authors: Abdullah Muna A. , Jaafar Abdulkareem M. , ALsaadawi Adel R. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Several factors render multiple myeloma (MM) an interesting subject for study by researchers. These include marked progress in understanding the molecular biology of normal and neoplastic plasma cells and recent advances in molecular genetics techniques. Among molecular markers, p-53 cancer suppressor gene have been widely studied.Aim: is to correlate p-53 protein expression in multiple myeloma, as examined by immunohistochemical method, with some pathological and clinical parameters (Clinical stage and cytological grade).Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study; whereby archival paraffin-embedded BM tissue blocks along with the clinical and hematological records of fifty patients (29 males and 21 females), with multiple myeloma and twenty controls were obtained from the Department of Hematology of the Medical City Teaching Laboratories in the period from April 2012 to April 2014. P-53 was studied by immunohistochemical staining.Results: There was a significant positive linear correlation between increasing scores of p-53 and advancing clinical stages of disease. There was a significant positive linear correlation between increasing scores of p-53 and decreasing maturity of plasma cells.Conclusions: Multiple myeloma patients with advanced clinical stages and immature plasma cell morphology had high p-53 scores. Since the above-mentioned factors are known independent prognostic factors, p-53 expression can readily be adopted to identify myeloma patients with an adverse prognosis.
Association between Leukemia and Exon 2 CD19 Gene Variants in a sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Ahmed Najwa Sh. , Al –Hadeithi Zeina S. M. , Nada Saad M. , Hadi Yasameen Ali 
Published: April 2023

Background: The human CD19 (Cluster Differentiation) antigen is a 95 kd transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD19 gene located on the short arm of chromosome 16p11.2 (P: petit). CD19 is a member of the Ig immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes, and may play a pivotal role in B-cell differentiation and activation. Research suggests that mutations in a gene CD19 leads to a lack of expression of CD19 membrane and result in an antibody deficiency syndrome.Objective: The aim of this work is to study the mutations in Exon 2 CD19gene in leukemia patients in Baghdad/Iraq.Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed in the National Center of Hematological Diseases/Al Mustanisyria University. Blood samples were collected from 50 leukemia patients including (25 acute lymphocyte leukemia ALL and 25 chronic lymphocyte leukemia CLL) and 50 samples of apparently healthy individuals. DNA was isolated and the CD19 gene was amplified by using specific primers for exon2 of this gene. The nucleotide sequences of CD19 gene was according to Macro gene company, USA. Analysis was done using BLAST program which is available online at (http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and BioEdit program.Results: The DNA sequencing results of flank sense of CD19 gene from healthy individual was found to be compatible 100% with wild type of Homo sapiens from the Gene Bank, while 99% compatibility was found for that gene of all ALL and CLL patients with wild type of gene. The difference was attributed to insertion of 1900 C nucleotide in position +48 of exon 2 of CD19 gene resulted in the replacement of a serine (TCC) residue into isoluseine (ATC), and deletion 1904 C in position + 49 of exon 2. This mutation resulted in change of codon from GCA to GCC but there was no changes in the amino acid (Alanine to Alanine). The second mutation (Deletion nucleotide) amended the first mutation effect (Insertion nucleotide) and did notlead to a change of all the amino acid sequence (framshift). The results showed that the incidence of insertion and deletion mutation at position +48 and +49 in exon 2 of CD19 gene and leukemia was highly significant (X2 = 15.75, P<0.01).Conclusion: This study suggests that the ploymrphism in exon 2 of the CD19 gene is strongly associated with leukemia patient of Baghdad population.
ДО ПИТАННЯ ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРАВООХОРОННИХ ОРГАНІВ НА ПІДСТАВІ ОФІЦІЙНОЇ СТАТИСТИКИ У СФЕРІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ГРОМАДСЬКОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Бочковий Олексій Васильович , Ханькевич Андрій Миколайович 
Published: April 2023

В статті йдеться річ про формування та вплив офіційних статистичних показників кримінальної протиправності на прийняття тактичних і стратегічних управлінських рішень у сфері забезпечення громадської безпеки. Звертається увага на те, що формальний підхід до кримінальної статистичної звітності не дозволяє використовувати її як об’єктивний показник під час оцінки реального стану речей у тій чи іншій сфері протидії кримінальної протиправності чи охорони публічного порядку, що у підсумку становить загрозу громадській безпеці України. Перекручування уявлення про реальний стан речей, сформований на підставі недостовірних статистичних даних, призводить до реагування державних органів не на ті аспекти, які дійсно потребують уваги, в результаті чого впусту витрачається велика кількість людських та фінансових ресурсів, час – а сфери громадської безпеки, які дійсно потребують реагування держави, залишаються без підтримки. Для вирішення проблеми авторами підтримується та пропонується ідея більш широкого використання у статистичних підрахунках сучасних інформаційно-аналітичних технологій, що не залежатимуть від людського фактору.
Molecular and Phylogenic study of some Gastrointestinal Bacteria and Viruses associated with Cancer in the South area of Iraq
Authors: Hamza Abbas Hawraa , Abdulrazzaq Gati Al nasery Mohannad , Abdulhussein jarullah Basim 
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the diagnosis the bacteria that associated with GIT cancer and GIT diseases. A total number of 200 blood and biopsy samples were collected during the period from September 2020 to June 2021. Samples included 100 sample for gastrointestinal cancer patients, 50 for healthy people, and 50 for gastrointestinal patients. Gastrointestinal tract diseases patients were diagnosed clinically, and the disease was evaluated by specialist physicians, presented with dyspepsia referred to the Esophago Gastroduodeno Scope Unit for endoscopy at AL-Hussein teaching hospital (Consulting digestive tract). In the current study, three types of bacteria were diagnosed which relate to diseases of the digestive system, including: Streptococcus bovis spp gallolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalisbutby by usig PCR technique. It was found that the highest percentage was for patients with cancer. The results revealed, three types of viruses were diagnosed that are related to diseases of the digestive system, with regard to viruses, including: Human papilloma viruses (HPVs), the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Polyoma virus (MCPV) and Human herpes virus (HHV) by PCR technique. However the percentage of the existence of these viruses was higher in patients with cancer than in patients with GIT disease. The DNA sequencing analysis showed a clear genetic variation between bacteria associated with GIT cancer based on 16SrRNA gene according to phylogenetic tree analysis that analyzed compared Standard NCBI-BLAST but in viruses associated with GIT cancer based on specific gene according to phylogenetic tree analysis compared Standard NCBI-BLAST. Except the HPV18 and Jc Polyomavirus the similarity was 100% homology which genetic closed related to NCBI-Blast HPV18 and Jc Polyomavirus.