bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogenic and physicogenic aggregates as indicators of quality in soils with sandy texture in areas of organic agriculture
Authors: Silva Tiago Paula da , Morais Igor de Sousa , Santos Gilsonley Lopes dos , Zonta Everaldo , Pinto Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues , Fagundes Hugo de Souza , Pereira Marcos Gervasio 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Sandy texture soils have a great expression in agricultural areas worldwide. In the Baixada Fluminense, soils with a sandy texture on the surface horizons are striking, and a good part of these areas is destined for producing vegetables using conventional cultivation methods. The sandy texture is one of the great challenges for agriculture due to the low water retention capacity provided to the soil, the rapid decomposition of organic matter, and the intense loss of nutrients by leaching. In these areas, the action of erosive processes is sometimes observed, whether water or wind erosion. The practices carried out in conventional agriculture can accentuate these processes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different soil management systems, with different vegetation covers, on the pathways of aggregate formation, the nutrient contents contained therein, and the organic matter fractions, with the objective of using these properties as indicators of soil quality. The study was carried out in an organic production unit, with no-till system (NT) and conventional system (CT), three vegetal covers were evaluated, namely; seed cocktail 1 (C1) (Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) (20 kg ha
-1
), Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) (150 kg ha
-1
) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (60 kg ha
-1
)), and seed cocktail 2 (C2) (with 50 % of the amount of seeds used in C1), and spontaneous plants (S. P). Undisturbed samples were collected at the layers of 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m, and, from these samples, aggregates with a diameter between 9.7 and 8.0 mm were classified according to the formation route (Biogenic or Physicogenic). From these, the chemical properties were quantified (pH, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Al
3+
, P, Na
+
, K
+
), and also the carbon fractions (total organic carbon – TOC, mineral-associated organic carbon – MAOC), particulate organic carbon – POC, and free light fraction carbon – LFC). Based on the results, it was verified that the percentage of biogenic aggregates was higher than the physicogenic one in the layer of 0.00-0.05 m, not being verified influences of the vegetal coverage or the management system. Chemical properties did not differ significantly between training pathways. The CT, for the most part, was the system in which the highest values of chemical properties were observed, and in general, the C2 and S.P coatings were the ones that provided the greatest improvements for chemical properties and carbon content.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI TIK TOK TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SISWA SD N 31 PALEMBANG
Authors: Azzahra Sefta , Dessy Wardiah  , Aldora Pratama  
Published: August 2023

This study aims to describe changes in student character and student attitudes in PKN learning at SD N 31 Palembang. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive approach with a descriptive method. The data obtained through this study are observations, interviews, and documentation. Data was analyzed using components recommended by Miles and Huberman. The subjects of this study were teachers and students of SD N 31 Palembang totaling 6 students of SD Negeri 31 Palembang.The research instrument used in this study is non- test, namely in the form of observation, interview or interview. Data collection is carried out in the morning after the collected data is immediately analyzed. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the use of the Tik Tok application at SD Negeri 31 Palembang seen from the aspect of observation based on changes in student behavior on average 6 students of SD Negeri 31 Palembang is said to be good and in accordance with what is in theoretical studies. That the results of this study show the use of the Tik Tok application for changes in student behavior in PKN learning can be categorized as good.
Keywords: The use of the Tik Tok application to change student behavior
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA DIORAMA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS V SD
Authors: Jannah Roudhotul , Yasir Arafat  , Eni Heldayani  
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of diorama media on the science learning outcomes of grade five students of SD Negeri 17 Tanjung Batu. The research was carried out in the even semester of 2022/2023. This research uses the Experiment method with the True-Experimental Design technique in the form of a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sample in this study was class V-A students as a control class totaling 27 students, and class V-B as an experimental class totaling 23 students. The research instrument used is a written test in the form of multiple-choice questions as many as 10 questions on water cycle material. Based on the data from the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be proven from the results of the final test (posttest) in the experimental class treated with diorama media obtained an average score of 78.26 and the control class obtained an average value of 64.44. In addition, through hypothesis testing with the t-test (Independent Sample T-Test) the results obtained that the count value > is 3.681 > 2.011 which means Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of diorama media on the science learning outcomes of grade five students of SD Negeri 17 Tanjung Batu.
Keywords: Diorama Media, Science Learning Outcomes
PENGARUH METODE BERNYANYI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS MATERI PAKAIAN ADAT PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 17 TANJUNG BATU
Authors: Novia Utami Furi Ayu , Yasir Arafat  , Eni Heldayani  
Published: August 2023

Problem of this research is that the completeness of student social studies learning outcomes is still relatively low, students are less enthusiastic and quickly bored during the learning process and the methods used is the conventional method. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of singing methods on social studies learning outcomes of traditional clothing materials in grade IV students of SDN 17 Tanjung Batu. The research method uses the Quasi- Experimental Design experimental method with Nonequivalent Control Group Design design. Data collection techniques include observation, tests and documentation. Data analysis techniques use normality tests, homogeneity tests and hypothesis tests using t-tests. Based on the results of research that has been conducted by researchers, the results of the average pretest and posttest scores, the pretest score in the experimental class is 68.09 and the posttest score amounted to 80. In addition, we can also see from the hypothesis testing of the t-test that has been carried out with the acquisition of > values, namely with a value of 2,500 > 2,021, so that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is an influence of singing methods on social studies learning outcomes of traditional clothing materials in grade IV students of SDN 17 Tanjung Batu.
Keywords: Singing Method, Learning Outcomes
A Three-dimensional Model for the Evolution of Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Outer Heliosphere
Authors: Kleimann Jens , Oughton Sean , Fichtner Horst , Scherer Klaus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present a time-dependent, three-dimensional single-fluid model for the transport of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence that is self-consistently evolving with a dynamic large-scale solar wind in the outer heliosphere. The emphasis is on the region beyond the termination shock, where the solar wind expands subsonically, as well as sub-Alfvénically and nonradially. In extension of earlier work, we refine the treatment of turbulence by considering, in addition to the Elsässer energies, a nonconstant energy difference (or residual energy) and by allowing each of these quantities its own characteristic correlation length scale. While the nonlinear effects in the equations for the Elsässer energies and their length scales are implemented using familiar von Kármán–Howarth style modeling of homogeneous MHD turbulence, the energy difference, which is not conserved in the absence of dissipation, and its length scale are modeled using distinct approaches. We also clarify the impact of the choice of measurement direction for correlation functions associated with two-dimensional fluctuations in transport models. Finally, we illustrate and study the solutions of the resulting six-equation model in detail.
IL-33 Orchestrated the Interaction and Immunoregulatory Functions of Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells In Vitro
Authors: Mok Mo Yin , Luo Cai Yun , Huang Fang Ping , Kong Wing Yin , Chan Godfrey Chi Fung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Our group has previously demonstrated elevated serum-soluble ST2 in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting a role of IL-33 in the underlying pathogenesis. However, inconsistent results have been reported on the effect of exogenous IL-33 on murine lupus activity, which may be mediated by concerted actions of various immune cells in vivo. This study aimed to examine the function of IL-33 on macrophage polarization and regulatory T cells (Treg) and their interactive effects in the lupus setting by in vitro coculture experiments of macrophages and T cells that were performed in the presence or absence of IL-33–containing medium. Compared to IL-4–polarized bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM) from MRL/MpJ mice, adding IL-33 enhanced mRNA expression of markers of alternatively activated macrophages, including CD206 and Arg1. IL-33 and IL-4 copolarized BMDM produced higher TGF-β but not IL-6 upon inflammatory challenge. These BMDM induced an increase in the Foxp3+CD25+ Treg population in cocultured allogeneic T cells from MRL/MpJ and predisease MRL/lpr mice. These copolarized BMDM also showed an enhanced suppressive effect on T cell proliferation with reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 release but increased TGF-β production. In the presence of TGF-β and IL-2, IL-33 also directly promoted inducible Treg that expressed a high level of CD25 and more sustained Foxp3. Unpolarized BMDM cocultured with these Treg displayed higher phagocytosis. In conclusion, TGF-β was identified as a key cytokine produced by IL-4 and IL-33 copolarized alternatively activated macrophages and the induced Treg, which may contribute to a positive feedback loop potentiating the immunoregulatory functions of IL-33.
Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Junior Markley Silva Oliveira , Reiche Laura , Daniele Emerson , Kortebi Ines , Faiz Maryam , Küry Patrick 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and homeostasis. In response to injury and disease, astrocytes are integral to the immunological- and the, albeit limited, repair response. In this review, we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal models. We will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate demyelination. Finally, we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.
Dual-directional regulation of spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota
Authors: Cui Yinjie , Liu Jingyi , Lei Xiao , Liu Shuwen , Chen Haixia , Wei Zhijian , Li Hongru , Yang Yuan , Zheng Chenguang , Li Zhongzheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota affects the incidence and progression of central nervous system diseases via the brain-gut axis. The spinal cord is a vital important part of the central nervous system; however, the underlying association between spinal cord injury and gut interactions remains unknown. Recent studies suggest that patients with spinal cord injury frequently experience intestinal dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. Alterations in the gut microbiota can cause disruption in the intestinal barrier and trigger neurogenic inflammatory responses which may impede recovery after spinal cord injury. This review summarizes existing clinical and basic research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and spinal cord injury. Our research identified three key points. First, the gut microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury presents a key characteristic and gut dysbiosis may profoundly influence multiple organs and systems in patients with spinal cord injury. Second, following spinal cord injury, weakened intestinal peristalsis, prolonged intestinal transport time, and immune dysfunction of the intestine caused by abnormal autonomic nerve function, as well as frequent antibiotic treatment, may induce gut dysbiosis. Third, the gut microbiota and associated metabolites may act on central neurons and affect recovery after spinal cord injury; cytokines and the Toll-like receptor ligand pathways have been identified as crucial mechanisms in the communication between the gut microbiota and central nervous system. Fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary interventions, and other therapies have been shown to serve a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury by modulating the gut microbiota. Therapies targeting the gut microbiota or associated metabolites are a promising approach to promote functional recovery and improve the complications of spinal cord injury.
Dual-targeting AAV9P1-mediated neuronal reprogramming in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Liu Jingzhou , Xin Xin , Sun Jiejie , Fan Yueyue , Zhou Xun , Gong Wei , Yang Meiyan , Li Zhiping , Wang Yuli , Yang Yang , Gao Chunsheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202403000-00038/inline-graphic1/v/2023-09-27T141015Z/r/image-tiff

Traumatic brain injury results in neuronal loss and glial scar formation. Replenishing neurons and eliminating the consequences of glial scar formation are essential for treating traumatic brain injury. Neuronal reprogramming is a promising strategy to convert glial scars to neural tissue. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results. In this study, an AAV9P1 vector incorporating an astrocyte-targeting P1 peptide and glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter was used to achieve dual-targeting of astrocytes and the glial scar while minimizing off-target effects. The results demonstrate that AAV9P1 provides high selectivity of astrocytes and reactive astrocytes. Moreover, neuronal reprogramming was induced by downregulating the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 gene via systemic administration of AAV9P1 in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. In summary, this approach provides an improved gene delivery vehicle to study neuronal programming and evidence of its applications for traumatic brain injury.
CD68 and CD163 expressions can predict high grade and spread in breast carcinoma
Authors: Abdelaziz Solafa A. , Hussein Mahmoud T. El-Sabah , Hamza Maya M. , Mahmoud Marwa M. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of tumor-associated macrophage CD68 and CD163 markers in the tumor microenvironment of breast carcinoma and to detect their possible roles in the prognosis of this tumor.

Patients and methods
A retrospective study was carried out on 40 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma over a 1-year time period from January 2019 to January 2020. The cases were randomly selected as archival paraffin blocks from the Pathology Departments of Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital and Misr University for Science and Technology. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were used to revise the diagnosis and to assess the histopathological features of the tumors. IHC slides were prepared using monoclonal antibodies against macrophage markers CD68 and CD163 to evaluate their expressions. The relations between the results of IHC staining and the collected clinicopathologic data were tabulated and statistically analyzed.

Results
This study included a total of 40 patients with breast carcinoma. The age of the patients ranged from 20 and 68 years, with a mean age of 49.08 years (±12.11). Twenty six (65%) patients had invasive duct carcinoma, 12 (30%) patients had invasive lobular carcinoma, and two (5%) patients had mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma. CD68 expression was positive in 30 (75%) patients and CD163 expression was positive in 17 (42.5%) patients. Statistically significant correlations were detected between grade III tumors, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular or perineural invasions, and the expressions of macrophage markers CD68 and CD163.

Conclusion
The synergetic effects of both types of macrophage markers CD68 and CD163 indicate worse prognosis in breast carcinoma as clarified by the significant correlation of both markers with high-grade tumors, lymph node metastasis, and lymphovascular or perineural invasions.
Immunohistochemical expression and prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu in primary colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Bebars Shaimaa M.M. , Mohammed Hala S.A. , Osman Ghada S. , Sakr Mona A. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), a highly heterogeneous disease, is the seventh most common cancer in Egypt. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) are biomarkers that have been introduced recently for patient stratification, prediction of prognosis, and implementation of personalized therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR1 and HER2/neu in primary CRC patients and their relations with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS).

Patients and methods
Sixty-six patients with primary CRC from the National Cancer Institute of Egypt were enrolled in this study. Paraffin blocks were collected and sectioned for histopathological evaluation. Other sections were stained using anti-EGFR1 and anti-HER2/neu monoclonal antibodies.

Results
Cytoplasmic and membranous EGFR1 was expressed in 81.8% of cases, while complete membranous HER2/neu-positive staining (>10% of tumor cells) was detected in 2/3 of cases. The EGFR1 expression was significantly associated with advanced stage and positive lymph node status. None of the other parameters, including overall survival, showed a significant relation with the expression of both markers.

Conclusion
In conclusion, EGFR1 and HER2/neu proteins were highly expressed in the CRC cases investigated. EGFR1 expression was significantly associated with indicators of poor prognosis (advanced tumor stage and nodal positivity). Both markers showed a tendency toward worse survival.
Efficacy of carboxytherapy in the treatment of striae alba
Authors: Sharara Manal A. , Atef Mona M. , Ibrahim Riham A. , Gabal Hoda H. Abou 
Published: August 2023

Background
Striae alba represent frequent cosmetic complaints among women. Different treatment modalities are available. However, none is satisfactory with the risk of pigmentation, especially among darker skin types. Carboxytherapy is widely used in the treatment of striae without enough evidence to support its use.

Aims
To assess the effectiveness of carbon dioxide therapy in the treatment of striae alba from clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects.

Patients and methods
A total of 30 female patients with abdominal striae alba were randomly selected and received ten carboxytherapy sessions 1 week apart. Clinical assessment was done using standard photography and patient satisfaction. Moreover, biopsies were obtained from all patients before treatment and 2 months after the last treatment session. Routine hematoxylin and eosin stain, Masson's trichrome stain, and Orcein stain were used to measure the epidermis thickness and recognize collagen fibers and elastin fibers, respectively. The average blood vessel count was estimated by examining CD31-immunostained slides.

Results
Our results revealed a statistically significant clinical difference in striae staging before and after the treatment. Moreover, significant histopathological differences were recorded regarding epidermal thickness, collagen, elastin bundle thickness, and increase in blood vessel count. Adverse effects were mild, transient, and tolerable.

Conclusion
Carboxytherapy is an effective and safe modality for treating striae alba, especially in darker skin types. It acts through collagen and elastic fiber stimulation and remodeling together with neoangiogenesis.
Evaluation of annexin A2 and S100A4 expression as prognostic markers in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Ibrahim Doaa A. , Balata Safa A. , Madkour Nadia M. , Raouf Samar M. Abdel 
Published: August 2023

Background
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) and S100A4 proteins might have important roles as biomarkers in progression and metastasis of several tumors.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of both ANXA2 and S100A4 in endometrioid carcinoma (EC) and to correlate their expression with the clinicopathological and prognostic features including patients’ survival.

Patients and methods
ANXA2 and S100A4 immunohistochemical expression was analyzed in 54 samples of EC and 20 proliferative endometrium. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results
ANXA2 and S100A4 overexpression was detected in 64.8 and 74.1% of EC, respectively, which was significantly higher as compared with proliferative endometrium (P<0.001). ANXA2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor grade (P=0.011). Furthermore, a significant correlation was identified between ANXA2 and S100A4 expression and advanced International (FIGO) Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P=0.004 and 0.001, respectively), myometrial invasion (P=0.03 and 0.019, respectively), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The expression of ANXA2 and S100A4 was positively correlated [Spearman correlation coefficient (r)=0.501, P<0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed a significant relation between ANXA2 and S100A4 overexpression and reduced DFS (P=0.001 and P=0.015, respectively) and worse OS (P=0.008 and 0.034, respectively). Analysis of the coexpression of both markers revealed that ANXA2/S100A4 high expression group exhibited the lowest 3-year DFS and OS in patients with EC as compared with the other groups.

Conclusion
Combined detection of ANXA2 and S100A4 may serve as an important index to estimate the biological behavior and predict tumor progression and prognosis of EC.