bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation and solution framework for real‐time railway traffic management with demand prediction
Authors: Pascariu Bianca , Flensburg Johan Victor , Pellegrini Paola , Azevedo Carlos M. Lima 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent transport policies increasingly promote shifts towards rail travel aiming at a more sustainable transportation system. This shift is hampered by widespread unexpected perturbations in operations, resulting in perceived poor punctuality and reliability. When prevention of such perturbations is not feasible, traffic management must mitigate their effects, resolving arising conflicts to restore regular train operations and minimize delay. Current practice generally includes the assessment of railway performance in terms of train delays, but the quality of service to passengers is rarely explicitly accounted for. A railway traffic management framework is proposed that accounts for both passenger and train delays. To do so, a predictive optimization framework is proposed, integrating a demand prediction module, a passenger demand assignment module and a traffic management module. The first dynamically predicts future origin‐destination passenger flows using linear regression on real‐time observed smart card data. Then, the demand assignment module links predicted passengers to specific train paths, given a railway schedule. Finally, the traffic management module optimizes train scheduling and routing in real time, under the combined objective of minimizing train and passenger delays. The methodology is validated and benchmarked against equivalent passenger agnostic traffic management on a case study of the Copenhagen suburban railway network. The results show that it is possible to take into account passenger perspective in railway traffic management, without reducing the railway system efficiency compared to classic approaches.
Mechanical performance degradation modelling and prognosis method of high‐voltage circuit breakers considering censored data
Authors: Zhao Hongshan , Qian Yanan , Qu Yuehan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to the untimely deployment of sensors and the early retirement of high‐voltage circuit breakers, life‐cycle data is missing, leading to an inability to accurately predict the mechanical performance degradation trend. A new modelling and prediction method of mechanical performance degradation of high‐voltage circuit breakers considering censored data was proposed. Firstly, multiple imputation by chained equations was used to impute the missing values in the dataset of circuit breaker closing time, creating an interpolated dataset. Secondly, the Nadaraya–Watson kernel regression method was employed to smoothly estimate the interpolated dataset and eliminate data measurement errors. Then, the functional principal component analysis method was utilized to extract the common degradation trend component and deviation component to construct the degradation model. Finally, Bayesian inference was applied to dynamically update the degradation model parameters and predict the degradation trend of the high‐voltage circuit breaker. The results showed that the proposed method was capable of achieving better interpolation accuracy under the condition of different closing time censored data of high‐voltage circuit breakers. Moreover, as the degradation progressed, the dynamic prediction effect improved. The research can be used to provide an effective decision‐making basis for the operation and maintenance strategy of high‐voltage circuit breakers.
Two decades of optical variability of Small Magellanic Cloud high-mass X-ray binaries
Authors: Treiber H. , Vasilopoulos G. , Bailyn C. D. , Haberl F. , Udalski A. 
Published: January 2025

Aims. We present an analysis of the long-term optical/IR behavior of 111 high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in the Small Magellanic Cloud based on data from the OGLE collaboration.
Methods. Most systems exhibit variability on a range of time scales. This variability regulates the mass transfer to the compact object, while the compact object can, in turn, affect the donor star’s behavior. To better understand this complex interaction and the resulting X-ray properties in these systems, we define a new taxonomy for the observed super-orbital variability.
Results. This taxonomy connects to the color changes, orbital periods, and X-ray behavior of the sources. In most cases, these properties can be explained by differences between the flux of the disk around the Be star and the flux from the star itself. We also refine and present new potential orbital periods and sub-orbital variability in the sources.
A study of the frequency and characteristics of stellar companions and Jupiter-like planets in nearby open clusters
Authors: Gratton R. , Bonavita M. , Mesa D. , Desidera S. , Zurlo A. , Marino S. , D’Orazi V. , Rigliaco E. , Nascimbeni V. , Barbato D. , Columba G. , Squicciarini V. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Observations of companions of solar-type stars in nearby young moving groups (NYMGs) show that they split into two groups: stellar and brown dwarf companions (mass ratio q > 0.05) and Jupiter-like (JL) planets (q < 0.02). The frequency of JL planets in NYMGs appears to be higher than that obtained from radial velocity (RV) surveys.
Aims. We extended the search for companions to three nearby clusters of intermediate age: Hyades, Coma Berenices, and Ursa Major. They are older and formed in more massive events than the NYMGs.
Methods. The sample of host stars is complete for the core of the clusters, while we considered only a fraction of the tidal tails. We used the same methods considered for the members of NYMGs.
Results. We obtained a fairly complete sample of stellar companions and detected six massive JL planets. We found a lower frequency of equal-mass companions than in the NYMGs; this might be related to how binaries form in these environments. We also observed a concentration of stellar binaries in the cores of Ursa Major and Coma Berenices; we attribute this to the selective loss of low-mass systems. The observed scarcity of wide companions in Hyades can be due to the destruction of binaries in close encounters. The frequency of JL planets is lower than in the NYMGs but similar to that obtained from RV surveys. This extends the correlation with age and mass previously found for NYMGs.
Conclusions. Results of this study alone do not indicate whether age or mass are the factors driving the observed correlation. A comparison of the frequencies of free-floating planets from microlenses and in young associations favours mass as the main driving parameter. Once the initial cluster mass function is considered, the frequency of JL planets in NYMGs is consistent with the results obtained using RVs.
Continuation of an optical spectroscopic campaign of Fermi blazar candidates with TNG: Discovery of a new changing-look blazar
Authors: Álvarez Crespo N. , Domínguez A. , Paliya V. S. , Chamorro Cazorla M. , Sánchez Blázquez P. , Gil de Paz A. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Blazars are a distinct subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGN), known for their fast variability, high polarization, and intense emission across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. Gamma-ray blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCU) are an ongoing challenge in gamma-ray astronomy due to difficulties in classification and redshift determination.
Aims. This study continues an optical spectroscopic campaign aimed at identifying the characteristics of BCUs to improve classification and redshift estimates, particularly focusing on low-synchrotron-peak sources.
Methods. We conducted a detailed analysis of optical spectroscopic data for a sample of 21 low-synchrotron-peak BCUs plus one bl lac with contradictory results in the literature, using the 3.58-m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG, La Palma, Spain).
Results. Our analysis identifies 14 out of the 21 BCUs as flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), demonstrating the effectiveness of our selection criteria. Notably, four FSRQs have redshifts exceeding 1, including 4FGL J2000.0+4214 at z = 2.04. Six sources are classified as bl lacs, with one of them, 4FGL J0746.5−0719, showing a featureless spectrum in this work despite previously exhibiting strong lines, suggesting it may be a changing-look blazar. One source remains classified as a BCU due to a noisy spectrum. Additionally, we observed a bl lac object, 4FGL J1054.5+2211, due to inconsistent redshift estimates in the literature, but we could not confirm any redshift due to its featureless spectrum. Our findings provide insights into the classification and redshift estimation of blazar candidates, emphasizing the need for continued spectroscopic monitoring.
Conditions for radiative zones in the molecular hydrogen envelope of Jupiter and Saturn: The role of alkali metals
Authors: Siebenaler L. , Miguel Y. , de Regt S. , Guillot T. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Interior models of gas giants in the Solar System traditionally assume a fully convective molecular hydrogen envelope. However, recent observations from the Juno mission suggest a possible depletion of alkali metals in Jupiter’s molecular hydrogen envelope, indicating that a stable radiative layer could exist at the kilobar level. Recent studies propose that deep stable layers help reconcile various Jupiter observations, including its atmospheric water and CO abundances and the depth of its zonal winds. However, opacity tables used to infer stable layers are often outdated and incomplete, leaving the precise molecular hydrogen envelope composition required for a deep radiative zone uncertain.
Aims. In this paper, we determine atmospheric compositions that can lead to the formation of a radiative zone at the kilobar level in Jupiter and Saturn today.
Methods. We computed radiative opacity tables covering pressures up to 105 bar, including the most abundant molecules present in the gas giants of the Solar System, as well as contributions from free electrons, metal hydrides, oxides, and atomic species, using the most up-to-date line lists published in the literature. These tables were used to calculate Rosseland-mean opacities for the molecular hydrogen envelopes of Jupiter and Saturn, which were then compared to the critical mean opacity required to maintain convection.
Results. We find that the presence of a radiative zone is controlled by the existence of K, Na, and NaH in the atmosphere of Jupiter and Saturn. For Jupiter, the elemental abundance of K and Na must be less than ∼10−3 times solar to form a radiative zone. In contrast, for Saturn, the required abundance for K and Na is below ∼10−4 times solar.
Unveiling the binary nature of NGC 2323
Authors: Qin Songmei , Zhong Jing , Tang Tong , Jiang Yueyue , Wang Long , Wu Kai , Anders Friedrich , Balaguer-Núñez Lola , Liu Guimei , Li Chunyan , Hou Jinliang , Chen Li 
Published: January 2025

Context. As a well-known open cluster, NGC 2323 (also called M50) has been widely investigated for over a hundred years and has always been considered a classical single cluster.
Aims. We studied the binary structure nature of NGC 2323 with Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3).
Methods. We discovered the binary structure of NGC 2323 by the HDBSCAN algorithm based on the astrometric and photometric data from Gaia DR3. Then we employed the PETAR N-body code to investigate its binary structure origin.
Results. We found that NGC 2323 consists of two distinct subclusters (NGC 2323-a and NGC 2323-b) that are still gravitationally bound. They have very close positions (three-dimensional Δpos = 12.3 pc, σΔpos = 3.4 pc) and similar tangential velocities (two-dimensional ΔV = 2.2 km s−1, σΔV = 0.02 km s−1). The best isochrone fitting ages of the two clusters are the same (158 Myr), further proving their possibly common origin. The numerical N-body simulation suggests that the less massive cluster is unlikely to be the cluster tidal tails created by the differential rotation of the Milky Way.
VLTI/GRAVITY enables the determination of the first dynamical masses of a classical Be + stripped and bloated pre-subdwarf binary
Authors: Klement R. , Rivinius Th. , Baade D. , Mérand A. , Bodensteiner J. , Frost A. J. , Sana H. , Shenar T. , Gies D. R. , Hadrava P. 
Published: January 2025

Context. HR 6819 is the first post-mass transfer binary system composed of a classical Be star and a bloated pre-subdwarf stripped star directly confirmed by interferometry. While the Be star is already spun up to near-critical rotation and possesses a self-ejected viscous Keplerian disk, the stripped star is found in a short-lived evolutionary stage, in which it retains the spectral appearance of a B-type main-sequence star while contracting into a faint subdwarf OB-type star.
Aims. In order to understand the evolution of intermediate-mass interacting binaries, the fundamental parameters of cornerstone objects such as HR 6819 need to be known. We aim to obtain orbital parameters and model-independent dynamical masses of this binary system to quantitatively characterize this rarely observed evolutionary stage.
Methods. We analyzed a time series of 12 interferometric near-IR K-band observations from VLTI/GRAVITY with the help of the geometrical model-fitting tool PMOIRED. We included recently published radial velocities based on FEROS high-resolution spectroscopy for the binary orbital solution.
Results. With the GRAVITY data, we obtained the astrometric orbit, relative fluxes of the components, and parameters of the circumstellar disk of the Be star; we also detected helium line signatures from the stripped star. Using the published radial velocities enabled us to obtain the dynamical masses of the components as well as the dynamical parallax. The Be star is the slightly brighter component in the K band and is almost 16 times as massive as the bloated stripped star, with the individual dynamical masses being 4.24 ± 0.31 M⊙ for the Be star and 0.270 ± 0.056 M⊙ for the stripped star. The orbit is slightly eccentric, with e = 0.0289 ± 0.0058, and the semimajor axis of the orbit is 0.3800 ± 0.0093 AU. The distance derived from the orbital solution is 296.0 ± 8.0 pc, significantly lower than the distance from Gaia DR3, which is overestimated by ∼24% due to the orbital motion.
Conclusions. The newly obtained fundamental parameters provide an important anchor for evolutionary models of interacting binaries and for the physics of mass transfer. The low mass of the bloated star means that it may become completely undetectable once it settles into a faint subdwarf, which implies that many more Be stars may have low-mass companions despite appearing single.
Fulminant Heterotopic Ossification following COVID-19 associated Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: Manifestations in Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Clinical Application
Authors: Kalbi Deepak P. , Zamora Edgar , Hari Adithya , Chun Kwang J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHeterotopic ossification (HO) is an unclear etiological trigger that results in diverse extra-skeletal bone formation in muscles and soft tissues. This often results in morbidity and reduced quality of life with pain, contractures, and mobility impairment. We present two patients with HO with a history of severe COVID-19 infection requiring 1-month-long mechanical ventilation. The first patient was found to have progressive stiffening of the right knee and left elbow, with clear demonstration of radiographic findings and active dystrophic calcification by nuclear medicine three-phase bone scan. This report might help aid earlier recognition of symptoms for an effective prevention of this debilitating disease. The other patient was also being treated with severe COVID-19, requiring intensive care unit stay with mechanical ventilation demonstrating progressive development of HO on the follow-up computed tomography (CT) images. While abdominal CT studies were obtained for this patient to evaluate the focal sites for infection, the patient was too ill and unable to undergo a bone scan study.
Turning Your Presentations/Posters to Publications
Authors: Prasad Shweta , Garg Ajay , Saini Jitender 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA scientific manuscript or paper is invariably the ultimate goal of most scientific endeavors and in a majority of cases, the final manuscript often begins as an abstract submitted to a conference to be presented as either a poster or an oral presentation. It is practically possible for authors to use a conference presentation as a basic template to expand and write a complete manuscript. However, it is imperative for authors to acknowledge the limitations of these abstracts and make attempts to improve the quality of work before embarking on writing a full-length manuscript. This article aims to provide a structured approach to how to write a paper primarily based on a conference abstract, along with examples and limitations.
Research on the numerical simulation of dynamic explosion shock wave propagation characteristics between floors
Authors: Wu Ke , Chen Bo , Li Hao , Zhang Yunfeng , Zhang Damin , Wu Yixuan , Sui Yaguang 
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the assessment of dynamic explosive shock wave loads in building damage evaluation. Utilizing numerical simulation methods, we investigated the propagation process of shock waves between building floors, capturing the evolution of their wavefronts. We particularly focused on discussing the variation patterns of pressure peaks caused by vertical shock wave reflections. Computational analysis indicates that under static conditions, inter-floor explosive shock wave overpressure peaks are significantly stronger than those from free-field explosions. Specifically, within a distance range of 2–3 m/kg1/3, the overpressure peak from inter-floor explosions is approximately three times greater than that from free-field explosions. In scenarios involving an equivalent charge of 400 kg and initial velocities ranging up to 1200 m/s, it was observed that shock waves propagate as partially spherical wavefronts within a distance of 15 m between floors; beyond this range, they evolve into nearly planar wavefront propagation. Within this 15 m range, constraints imposed by floor slabs lead to non-uniform and continuously varying vertical pressure distributions. After two reflections, the vertical pressure distribution approaches uniformity. For cylindrical charges, the characteristics of vertical distribution changes in shock waves can be categorized into four stages (while spherical charges correspond to three characteristic stages). The intensity of these variations is primarily influenced by the initial velocity of the explosion source and shows insensitivity toward both the length–diameter ratio and equivalence weight of the charge. Moreover, a model capable of assessing this pressure non-uniformity feature has been established in this paper, which can estimate the pressure distribution characteristics under different initial velocity circumstances rather rapidly and accurately.
Infants can create iconic gestures during natural interactions with caregivers
Authors: Green Kirsty R. , Osei-Cobbina Chloe , Perlman Marcus , Kita Sotaro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Adults across cultures produce iconic gestures, but little is known about the emergence of iconic gesturing in
infants. This study aimed to identify plausible instances of infants’ earliest iconic gestures to learn more about their form and
the interactional contexts in which they emerge. We identified the first 10 iconic gestures produced by five English-speaking
children in a naturalistic longitudinal video corpus. In identifying gestures, we cast a wide net that included gestures produced
during pretend play and those performed with objects in-hand. Analyses of gestures’ form and context show that children produced
their first iconic gesture between 12 and 20 months, the great majority of which depicted actions. We found mixed evidence
suggesting that children may produce conceptually less-challenging gestures earlier. Infants produced more object-in-hand gestures
than empty-hand gestures to depict transitive actions but also more imagined-object than body-part-as-object gestures. Most
gestures were produced independently of adult models, and many demonstrated innovation. Overall, within natural interactions,
infants demonstrated impressive representational abilities and did not always rely on parental scaffolding. Our findings highlight
the importance of considering the interactional context when conducting research on the development of gesture.
Gravitational helicity flux density from two-body systems
Authors: Long Jiang , Yu Run-Ze 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The helicity flux density is a novel quantity which characterizes the angle-dependence of the helicity of radiative gravitons and it may be tested by gravitational wave experiments in the future. We derive a quadrupole formula for the helicity flux density due to gravitational radiation in the slow motion and the weak field limit. We apply the formula to the bound and unbound orbits in two-body systems and find that the total radiative helicity fluxes are always zero. However, the radiative helicity flux density, which is

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in the Newtonian limit, still has non-trivial dependence on the angle. Furthermore, we also find a formula for the total helicity flux by including all contributions of the higher multipoles.
Automated alignment of an optical cavity using machine learning
Authors: Qin Jiayi , Kinder Katherine , Jadhav Shreejit , Chugh Praneel , Slagmolen Bram J J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Optimised alignment is important in optical systems, particularly in high-precision instrumentation such as gravitational wave detectors, in order to maximise the sensitivity. During operations, high performing optical wave-front sensing and feedback systems are used to maintain optical cavity performance. However, the need for an automated initial alignment process arises after maintenance or large environmental disturbances such as earthquakes, as it can be challenging to manually achieve optimised as well as consistent optical alignments. In this study, a machine learning control system is presented to determine the optimal input beam alignment of an optical cavity based on a digital camera stream of the transmitted cavity mode. We use convolutional neural networks to classify the cavity mode from its image, with 100% prediction accuracy for the desired mode. A genetic algorithm is applied to find experimental parameters that maximise the transmitted power of a chosen cavity mode. The system demonstrates consistent alignment outcomes that the median intensity over multiple trials exceeds 95% by the sixth generation of the algorithm. These results show that machine learning techniques can be implemented to automate the alignment process that is compatible for a broad range of optical resonator platforms.