bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and fiber mitigation of tropane alkaloids assessed on tea and cookies by in vitro digestion
Authors: Marín‐Sáez Jesús , Lopez‐Ruiz Rosalía , Ferreira Isabel Maria Pinto Leite Viegas Oliveira , Cunha Sara Cristina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTropane alkaloids (TAs) are toxic compounds with a high anticholinergic effect. They have been widely analyzed in food samples, but their fate in the gastrointestinal tract has not been evaluated yet.RESULTSIn this study, static in vitro digestion was performed to assess gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of the most common TAs on tea and home‐made cookies. Cookies enriched with dietary fiber (pectin, arabinogalactan, and κ‐carrageenan) were also tested to evaluate their influence on TA bioaccessibility. Two extraction methods and a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method were optimized and validated. Bioaccessibility for tea (60–105%) was higher than for cookies (39–93%) (P = 0.001–0.002), which indicates TAs could be more easily absorbed when they are contaminating tea. Digestion of cookies enriched with 50 g kg−1 of different fibers showed that, although no significant changes were observed in the gastric phase (P = 0.084–0.920), duodenal bioaccessibility was significantly reduced (P = 0.008–0.039). Pectin was the fiber with a better mitigation effect for all the compounds.CONCLUSIONTAs bioaccessibility was determined after in vitro digestion of contaminated tea and cookies. Dietary fiber seems to be a promising mitigation strategy, significantly reducing TA bioaccessibility percentages. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
First experiences in real clinical practice treating a patient with generalised pustular psoriasis with Spesolimab
Authors: Fernández‐Galván Aurora , Daudén Esteban , Butron‐Bris Beatriz , Seguí‐Olmedilla Mireia , Miguélez Ana , Fraga Javier , Rodríguez Jiménez Pedro , Llamas‐Velasco Mar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGeneralised pustular psoriasis is a rare, unpredictable, and sometimes severe subtype of psoriasis whose treatment is hampered by a lack of consensus and standardised therapeutic guidelines. The recent recognition of the involvement of the innate interleukin (IL)‐1/IL‐36 pathway has allowed the development of new biologic drugs such as Spesolimab. We present the case of a woman with persistent generalised pustular psoriasis (GGP) who, after numerous failures with several systemic and biologic therapies, was treated with Spesolimab and showed a very rapid and sustained response over time.
Improvements on the reverse order laws
Authors: Cvetković Ilić Dragana , Milenković Jovana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn many papers concerning properties of generalized inverses in different settings, we can find the results with many redundant instances of assuming regularity of certain elements. We have made an effort to widen the range of applicability of concrete results by considering more general cases of the problems without imposing any such additional assumptions. This was the main motivation for this paper, and we present several significant improvements of the reverse order laws on and ‐inverses in the ring setting.
Low Cost Biopolymer Adsorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metal Contaminant from Wastewater
Authors: Berdous Dalila , Abdellaoui Naima , Arous Omar , Akretche Djamel Eddine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolymeric materials have been remarkably associated with our daily life. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic biopolymer systems have gained importance in the last few years, because of the environmental pollution of nonbiodegradable synthetic plastics. Recently, biopolymers with functional groups have been directly used for the fabrication of adsorptive membranes in order to avoid the undesirable morphology change of the membranes during the surface modifications. Compared with other modification technologies or a synthesis of totally new materials, biopolymer blending has several advantages like simplicity, reproducibility, and commercial feasibility. The valuable part of blending of biopolymers can be used for the preparation of new materials with improved physicochemical and mechanical properties. The objective of this work is the development of biomembranes based on a mixture of three biopolymers, that is, alginate (AL), chitosan (CS), and polylactic acid (PLA). Physical characterizations of the elaborated biopolymeric membranes are carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and contact angle measurements. The SEM results show that the synthesized membranes exhibited homogeneous dense microstructures. The second objective of this paper is to evaluate the importance of these biopolymers in removing lead which is considered as toxic metal. In fact, all synthesized membranes are applied to the treatment of wastewater to eliminate heavy metals principally Pb2+.
Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Halobenzene Confined in the δ‐Phase of Syndiotactic Polystyrene
Authors: Urakawa Osamu , Kobayashi Hideo , Inoue Ryosai , Kaneko Fumitoshi , Inoue Tadashi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSyndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) incorporates low‐mass guest molecules to form a co‐crystalline structure, the δ‐phase, in which the guest molecules are confined within a nanosized space. Under such spatial constraints, what factors determine the dynamics of the guest molecules? This is an interesting question and needs to be clarified toward the functionalization of sPS/functional guest systems. In this study, the size effect of the guest molecules and use monosubstituted halobenzenes (fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, and iodobenzene) to systematically change the molecular size is focussed. Since halobenzene has a large electric dipole moment, dielectric relaxation measurements can effectively detect its molecular motion. This study aims to identify the guest dynamics in the δ‐phase by dielectric relaxation measurement and examines the molecular length dependence of the rotational relaxation times and their activation energies.
The Analysis of Lubricants for Elucidating the Dynamics of Sexual Violence: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Barison Katiuscia , Causin Valerio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElucidating the circumstances in cases of sexual violence is fundamental for the administration of justice. Knowing whether, during violence, a condom was used can be useful to verify what involved people stated. The analysis of condoms’ components can have the purpose not only to verify their use, but also to distinguish among different brands. Usually, the analysis of these components is conducted via mass spectrometry, with expensive and uncommon instruments. In this work, the aim is to explore the possibility of detecting condom traces in swabs taken from sexual assault victims with a cheap and simple technique: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Final outcomes show that only Durex condoms, among those examined, have a characteristic profile that allows to recognize their use. Other brands seem to be use lubricants composed by nonvolatile substances that cannot be analyzed via GC.
Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Hypoglycemia‐Induced Neuroinflammation via Modulation the Gut Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Li Cixia , Pan Jiarong , Sun Penghao , Wang Shuai , Wang Songlin , Feng Wenyu , Chen Shulin , Chai Xuejun , Zhao Shanting , Zhu Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2023

ScopeThis study aims to investigate the role of gut microbiota regulation with ketogenic diet (KD) in hypoglycemia‐induced neuroinflammation.Methods and resultsImmunofluorescence staining and western blotting show that KD alleviates blood‐brain barrier injury induced by hypoglycemia by increasing Podxl and zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) levels. KD‐fed mice show reduced brain edema by decreasing aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) content and maintaining its polarized expression. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing results show that KD reduces the Chao 1 index of gut microbiota α‐diversity, and significant separation is detected in the β‐diversity analysis between the control and KD‐fed mice. KD increases the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and decreases that of Bacteroidetes. Hypoglycemia can reduce SOD and GSH‐PX levels while increasing TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 mRNA levels in the brain tissues of mice. KD alleviates hypoglycemia‐induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglia activation and TLR4/p38MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway. Importantly, antibiotic cocktail depletion of the gut microbiota weakens anti‐inflammatory and antioxidation responses in KD‐fed mice.ConclusionCollectively, these findings suggest that KD alleviates hypoglycemia‐induced brain injury via gut microbiota modulation, which may provide novel insights into the therapy for hypoglycemia.
Compartment‐based reconstruction of 3D acquisition‐weighted 31P cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 T: A reproducibility study
Authors: Tyler Andrew , Ellis Jane , Lau Justin Y. C. , Miller Jack J. , Bottomley Paul A. , Rodgers Christopher T. , Tyler Damian J. , Valkovič Ladislav 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEven at 7 T, cardiac 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is fundamentally limited by low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), leading to long scan times and poor temporal and spatial resolutions. Compartment‐based reconstruction algorithms such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy with linear algebraic modeling (SLAM) and spectral localization by imaging (SLIM) may improve SNR or reduce scan time without changes to acquisition. Here, we compare the repeatability and SNR performance of these compartment‐based methods, applied to three different acquisition schemes at 7 T. Twelve healthy volunteers were scanned twice. Each scan session consisted of a 6.5‐min 3D acquisition‐weighted (AW) cardiac 31P phase encode‐based MRSI acquisition and two 6.5‐min truncated k‐space acquisitions with increased averaging (4 × 4 × 4 central k‐space phase encodes and fractional SLAM [fSLAM] optimized k‐space phase encodes). Spectra were reconstructed using (i) AW Fourier reconstruction; (ii) AW SLAM; (iii) AW SLIM; (iv) 4 × 4 × 4 SLAM; (v) 4 × 4 × 4 SLIM; and (vi) fSLAM acquisition–reconstruction combinations. The phosphocreatine‐to‐adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio, the PCr SNR, and spatial response functions were computed, in addition to coefficients of reproducibility and variability. Using the compartment‐based reconstruction algorithms with the AW 31P acquisition resulted in a significant increase in SNR compared with previously published Fourier‐based MRSI reconstruction methods while maintaining the measured PCr/ATP ratio and improving interscan reproducibility. The alternative acquisition strategies with truncated k‐space performed no better than the common AW approach. Compartment‐based spectroscopy approaches provide an attractive reconstruction method for cardiac 31P spectroscopy at 7 T, improving reproducibility and SNR without the need for a dedicated k‐space sampling strategy.
Regulatory landscape of Runx2 and Sp7 in osteoblast and chondrocyte lineages: Recent findings from next‐generation sequencer‐based studies
Authors: Ohba Shinsuke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMouse genetic studies have revealed that Runx2 and Sp7 act as master regulators in skeletal development. Numerous mechanistic studies have also uncovered how these two transcription factors execute key gene regulatory programs for the specification and differentiation of the two skeletal cell lineages, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. The emergence of next‐generation sequencer (NGS)‐based techniques has shifted the research focus from the local actions of Runx2 and Sp7 to their comprehensive actions on the entire genome in cells of interest. NGS‐based studies have elucidated the gene‐regulatory landscapes of Runx2 and Sp7 in osteoblast and chondrocyte lineages, demonstrating that Runx2 and Sp7 exert their cell‐type‐specific functions through cell‐type‐specific modes of action. NGS‐based techniques are expected to continue evolving and providing high‐resolution, genome‐scale datasets. Ongoing accumulation of such data will enhance our understanding of gene‐regulatory networks in skeletal development and maintenance, and assist in the modeling of skeletal disorders and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Machinability analysis of Typha angustifolia natural fiber reinforced composites through experimental modeling – Influence of fiber orientation
Authors: Arunachalam Saravanakumar , Lakshmi Narasimhan Rajeshkumar , Palaniappan Sathish Kumar , Ross Nimel Sworna , Joseph Chandran Arulmozhivarman , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNatural fiber composites are currently considered to be the most sustainable and renewable substitute for synthetic fiber composites in several low and medium‐density applications. Various research works are ongoing to evaluate the machinability of plant‐based natural fiber composites. In the current investigation, an attempt has been made to fabricate and examine the drilling behavior of Typha angustifolia fiber reinforced (TAFR) composite. Composites were manufactured using Typha angustifolia fibers in unidirectional (UD) and bidirectional (BD) orientations using the epoxy matrix through the compression molding technique. Fibers were characterized using the X‐ray diffraction method to determine the crystallinity index and crystallite size. Drilling experiments were conducted on TAFR composites and using Taguchi's L18 mixed‐level design with various process parameters the experiments were conducted. The optimal experimental combination rendering the lowest value of exit delamination and thrust force was determined using Taguchi‐TOPSIS hybrid approach. A quadratic model was also developed to predict the response of drilling. Drilled hole morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to know about various failure mechanisms and damages induced during the drilling operations. It was found from the results that the lowest speed and feed rate and higher drill diameter rendered minimal delamination and thrust force for both UD and BD TAFR composites.
Global stabilization control for multiple input multiple output nonlinear systems with unknown function vector
Authors: Jia Fujin , Lu Junwei , Li Yongmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, a control algorithm is proposed to solve the global stabilization control problem of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with unknown function vectors (UFVs). Firstly, a Lemma dealing with UFVs is proposed. Then, combined with the backstepping method, the controller is designed such that all signals of the closed‐loop system are globally stable. Compared with the approximation method, the algorithm in this article solves the global stabilization control problem. Compared with the assumptions of UFVs, the algorithm in this article reduces the conservatism problem. At the same time, the algorithm in this article also solves the “explosion of terms” problem of backstepping. Compared with the methods to solve this problem: dynamic surface control (DSC) and direct fuzzy control, the algorithm in this article can make all signals of the closed‐loop system converge to the origin. Finally, the algorithm is applied to the model of spacecraft with modified Rodrigues parameters, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of this algorithm.
Self‐Powered Integrated Sensing System with In‐Plane Micro‐Supercapacitors for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Wang Weiwen , Xu Liqiang , Zhang Lun , Zhang Aimin , Zhang Jihai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelf‐powered integrated sensor with high‐sensitivity physiological signals detection is indispensable for next‐generation wearable electronic devices. Herein, a Ti3C2Tx/CNTs‐based self‐powered resistive sensor with solar cells and in‐plane micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) is successfully realized on a flexible styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS) electrospinning film. The prepared Ti3C2Tx/CNTs@SEBS/CNTs nanofiber membranes exhibit high electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility. The laser‐assisted fabricated Ti3C2Tx/CNTs based‐MSCs demonstrate a high areal energy density of 52.89 and 9.56 µWh cm−2 with a corresponding areal power density of 0.2 and 4 mW cm−2. Additionally, the MSCs exhibit remarkable capacity retention of 90.62% after 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, the Ti3C2Tx/CNTs based‐sensor exhibits real‐time detection capability for human facial micro‐expressions and pulse single under physiological conditions. The repeated bending/release tests indicate the long‐time cycle stability of the Ti3C2Tx/CNTs based‐sensor. Owing to the excellent sensing performance, the sensing array was also fabricated. It is believed that this work develops a route for designing a self‐powered sensor system with flexible production, high performance, and human‐friendly characteristics for wearable electronics.
Normalization of Tumor Vessels by Lenvatinib‐Based Metallo‐Nanodrugs Alleviates Hypoxia and Enhances Calreticulin‐Mediated Immune Responses in Orthotopic HCC and Organoids
Authors: Zhang Da , Jiang Chenwei , Zheng Xiaoyuan , Lin Zhiwen , Zhuang Qiuyu , Xie Huanzhang , Liang Yuzhi , Xu Yu , Cui Linsheng , Liu Xiaolong , Zeng Yongyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmunocheckpoint inhibitors combined with Lenvatinib is the first line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but their potency is hampered by the low response rate and adverse events. Herein, a targeted therapeutic strategy through the coassembly of Lenvatinib, Adriamycin, Fe3+ ion, and a natural polyphenol (metallo‐nanodrugs) is presented by coordination effect for potentiating tumor vascular normalization and systematic chemo‐immunotherapy to effectively inhibit the progression of HCC in both orthotopic model and patients‐derived organoids. In mice with orthotopic HCC, the obtained metallo‐nanodrugs efficiently increase the drug accumulation in orthotopic tumors and can respond to acidic tumor environment. The promotion of tumor vascular normalization by metallo‐nanodrugs is observed, which enhances the infiltrating T lymphocytes in tumor, and reinforces the calreticulin‐mediated antitumor immunity through alleviating hypoxia, reducing regulatory T cells, and down‐regulating PDL1 expression of tumors. The excellent therapeutic efficiency with complete remission of orthotopic tumors (3/6) and long‐term survival of mice (4/6, 42 days) are also achieved. Furthermore, the excellent therapeutic effect of metallo‐nanodrugs is also validated in 5 patient‐derived organoids, and hence can provide a marvelous systemic chemo‐immunotherapy strategy for enhancing HCC treatment.
3D Solar Evaporation Enhancement by Superhydrophilic Copper Foam Inverted Cone and Graphene Oxide Functionalization Synergistic Cooperation
Authors: Lv Fengyong , Miao Jie , Hu Jing , Orejon Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolar evaporation has become a promising and sustainable technique for harvesting freshwater from seawater and wastewater. However, the applicability and efficacy of solar evaporation need further improvement to achieve high production closer to theoretical limits in compact systems. A 3D (three‐dimensional) hierarchical inverted conical solar evaporation is developed, which consists of a 3D copper foam skeleton cone decorated with micro‐/nano‐structures functionalized with graphene oxide, fabricated via easy and scalable wet oxidation, impregnation, and drying at room temperature. The proposed configuration empowers high‐efficiency solar absorption, continuous liquid film spreading and transport, enhanced interfacial local evaporation, and rapid vapor diffusion through the pores. More notably, the 3D conical evaporator realizes thermal localization at the skeleton interface and allows evaporation to occur along the complete structure with unimpeded liquid and vapor rapid diffusion. The solar–thermal evaporation efficiency under 1‐Sun is as high as 93% with a maximum evaporation rate per unit area of 1.71 kg·m−2·h−1. This work highlights the benefits of synergistic cooperation of an easily scalable 3D hierarchical functiomicro‐/nano‐structured copper foam skeletons and functionalized graphene oxide for high‐efficient solar evaporation of interest to numerous applications.
Transitioning surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) into the forensic drug chemistry and toxicology laboratory: Current and future perspectives
Authors: Ott Colby E. , Arroyo Luis E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractApplications and advances in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have grown over the last several years, demonstrating improvements in sensitivity and selectivity. Applications for SERS‐related techniques have been explored in many analytical disciplines including forensic applications. Drug chemistry and toxicology may benefit from the growth of SERS since many methods have demonstrated high sensitivity, potential for quantitative analysis, and portable instrumentation for onsite testing. SERS techniques have been developed using many substrates including nanoparticles and colloids; microfluidic devices; paper‐based substrates; electrodes; and wearable/flexible devices. These methods take advantage of the SERS phenomenon, providing more potential applications for Raman analysis and overcoming the traditional challenges of the technique. This is desirable for forensic drug chemistry applications which require screening and confirmatory approaches and analysis of mixtures with low weight percent contributions of analytes, as well as forensic toxicology, where matrix interferences, sensitivity requirements, and a growing introduction of novel drug entities pose challenges. Several chemometric approaches have been applied to Raman data to improve identification, classification, and quantification. These advances position SERS for incorporation into forensic chemistry laboratories. While some SERS applications are available commercially, widespread use of SERS in practicing forensic laboratories remains limited. Due to the requirements for use of analytical techniques in the courtroom, future studies for SERS should revolve around the assessment of validation parameters common in other analytical methods. SERS techniques that are rapid, simple, and inexpensive may be more quickly adapted for forensic testing, where use as advanced screening techniques is a clear avenue of research.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Controlled and Emerging Drug Compounds
Toxicology > New Psychoactive Substances
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and Methods
Confidence in public institutions is critical in containing the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Adamecz Anna , Szabó‐Morvai Ágnes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the relative importance of confidence in public institutions to explain cross‐country differences in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. We find that a 1 SD increase (e.g., the actual difference between the United States and Finland) in confidence is associated with 56.3% fewer predicted deaths per million inhabitants. Confidence in public institutions is one of the most important predictors of deaths attributed to COVID‐19, compared to country‐level measures of health risks, the health system, demographics, economic and political development, and social capital. We show for the first time that confidence in public institutions encompasses more than just the unobserved quality of health or public services in general. If confidence only included the perceived quality, it would be associated with other health and social outcomes such as breast cancer recovery rates or imprisonment as well, but this is not the case. Moreover, our results indicate that fighting a pandemic requires citizens to cooperate with their governments, and willingness to cooperate relies on confidence in public institutions.