bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) Global Lightning Climatology (WGLC) and time series, 2022 update
Authors: Kaplan Jed O. , Lau Katie Hong-Kiu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Here we describe the 2022 update to the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) Global Lightning Climatology (WGLC) and time series (Kaplan and Lau, 2021), which extends the dataset with global lightning observations from 2021. This addition of new data means that the WGLC now contains 12 complete years of global
lightning stroke observations covering 2010–2021. Slightly more lightning strokes (3 %) were recorded in 2021 compared to the 2012–2020 mean
of 218 million strokes per year. In 2021, above-average lightning was recorded around the Gulf of
Mexico, the central Andes and Amazon Basin, western Africa, and over the central Mediterranean. Lower-than-average lightning density occurred in much of southern and eastern Africa, subtropical eastern South America, western Australia, and especially over the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea. Because below-average global lightning captured by the WWLLN in 2010 and 2011 related to the build-out of the sensor network, we reprocessed the WGLC to cover the 10-year period from 2012 to 2021 and recommend these for applications needing climatological mean lightning fields. The updated WGLC datasets are available for download from Zenodo (Kaplan and Lau, 2022, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6007052).
The Multiple Snow Data Assimilation System (MuSA v1.0)
Authors: Alonso-González Esteban , Aalstad Kristoffer , Baba Mohamed Wassim , Revuelto Jesús , López-Moreno Juan Ignacio , Fiddes Joel , Essery Richard , Gascoin Simon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Accurate knowledge of the seasonal snow distribution is vital in several domains including ecology, water resources management, and tourism. Current spaceborne sensors provide a useful but incomplete description of the snowpack. Many studies suggest that the assimilation of remotely sensed products in physically based snowpack models is a promising path forward to estimate the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE). However, to date there is no standalone, open-source, community-driven project dedicated to snow data assimilation, which makes it difficult to compare existing algorithms and fragments development efforts. Here we introduce a new data assimilation toolbox, the Multiple Snow Data Assimilation System (MuSA), to help fill this gap. MuSA was developed to fuse remotely sensed information that is available at different timescales with the energy and mass balance Flexible Snow Model (FSM2). MuSA was designed to be user-friendly and scalable. It enables assimilation of different state variables such as the snow depth, SWE, snow surface temperature, binary or fractional snow-covered area, and snow albedo and could be easily upgraded to assimilate other variables such as liquid water content or snow density in the future. MuSA allows the joint assimilation of an arbitrary number of these variables, through the generation of an ensemble of FSM2 simulations. The characteristics of the ensemble (i.e., the number of particles and their prior covariance) may be controlled by the user, and it is generated by perturbing the meteorological forcing of FSM2. The observational variables may be assimilated using different algorithms including particle filters and smoothers as well as ensemble Kalman filters and smoothers along with their iterative variants. We demonstrate the wide capabilities of MuSA through two snow data assimilation experiments. First, 5 m resolution snow depth maps derived from drone surveys are assimilated in a distributed fashion in the Izas catchment (central Pyrenees). Furthermore, we conducted a joint-assimilation experiment, fusing MODIS land surface temperature and fractional snow-covered area with FSM2 in a single-cell experiment. In light of these experiments, we discuss the pros and cons of the assimilation algorithms, including their computational cost.
The sensitivity of satellite microwave observations to liquid water in the Antarctic snowpack
Authors: Picard Ghislain , Leduc-Leballeur Marion , Banwell Alison F. , Brucker Ludovic , Macelloni Giovanni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Surface melting on the Antarctic Ice Sheet has been monitored by satellite microwave radiometry for over 40 years. Despite this long perspective, our understanding of the microwave emission from wet snow is still limited, preventing the full exploitation of these observations to study supraglacial hydrology. Using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model, this study investigates
the sensitivity of microwave brightness temperature to snow liquid water content at frequencies from 1.4 to 37 GHz. We first determine the snowpack properties for eight selected coastal sites by
retrieving profiles of density, grain size and ice layers from microwave observations when the snowpack is dry during wintertime. Second, a series of brightness temperature simulations is run with added water. The results show that (i) a small quantity of liquid water (≈0.5 kg m−2) can be detected, but the actual quantity cannot be retrieved out of the full range of possible water quantities; (ii) the detection of a buried wet layer is possible up to a maximum depth of 1 to 6 m depending on the frequency (6–37 GHz) and on the snow properties (grain size, density) at each site; (iii) surface ponds and water-saturated areas may prevent melt detection, but the current coverage of these waterbodies in the large satellite field of view is presently too small in Antarctica to have noticeable effects; and (iv) at 1.4 GHz, while the simulations are less reliable, we found a weaker sensitivity to liquid water and the maximal depth of detection is relatively shallow (<10 m) compared to the typical radiation penetration depth in dry firn (≈1000 m) at this low frequency. These numerical results pave the way for the development of improved multi-frequency algorithms to detect melt intensity and the depth of liquid water below the surface in the Antarctic snowpack.
الإعجاز الغيبي في القرآن الكريم وأثره في مسائل الاعتقاد
Authors: الحوفي فتحي 
Published: December 2022

يروم البحث استجلاء مفهوم الإعجاز الغيبي في القرآن الكريم، وبيان صوره، ومدى ارتباطه بالمسائل العقدية، وقد دارت رحى البحث حول استكناه أسرار الإعجاز الغيبي في القرآن الكريم، من خلال: بيان إخبار القرآن عن غيب الماضي وأثره في مسائل الاعتقاد، مثل: الإيمان بالغيب. وإثبات الوحي والنبوة. والتأكيد على صدق نبوة سيدنا محمد ﷺ. وتصحيح بعض الأخطاء العقدية التي ملأت على المشركين وأهل الكتاب حياتهم، في قضايا الألوهية والتوحيد، ونبوة الأنبياء وتنزيههم عما ألصق بهم، والتحريف الذي تعرضت له التوراة. والتأكيد على الإعجاز القرآني في إخباره بغيوب الماضي. وخاض البحث غمار إخبار القرآن عن غيب الحاضر وأثره في مسائل الاعتقاد، مثل: الأخبار الغيبية المتعلقة بحاضر يهود المدينة، وتحريفهم للتوراة وما فيها من الإخبار بنبوة سيدنا محمد ﷺ وصفاته، وتبدليهم أحكام الله تعالى، وبيان ما يجب على المسلم تجاه الكتب السماوية السابقة. وكذلك الأخبار الغيبية المتعلقة بالمنافقين التي كشفت أسرارهم وهتكت أستارهم، وبيان أثرها في مسائل الاعتقاد، وما يجب على المسلم من التوقف في الحكم بتكفيرهم. والتأكيد على ما يحمله الإخبار عن غيب الحاضر من معجزات تثبت الوحي والرسالة. واختتم البحث ببيان إخبار القرآن عن غيب المستقبل، سواء ما يتعلق بالمشركين، أو بالرسول ﷺ، أو بالقرآن الكريم، سواء وقع أو لم يقع، وإظهار أثره في مسائل الاعتقاد، مثل: الوعد والوعيد، وأسبقية العلم الأزلي وعدم معاضته لحرية الإرادة، وحفظ الله لكتابه، وحمايته لنبيه ﷺ وعصمته له من الناس، والإخبار عن أشراط الساعة.
Analysis of the Application of SAK EMKM on MSMEs at Wildan Shops in Talang Kuning Village, Teras Terunjam District, Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu Province
Authors: Prawita Yuni , Susanti Neri , Ferina Zahrah Indah 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of the financial statements and the application of SAK EMKM at Wildan Shop UMKM. SAK EMKM is an accounting standard prepared by DSAK for micro, small and medium enterprises. This study uses a descriptive approach. To find out the application of SAK EMKM at the shop, the researcher used direct observation and interview techniques. The results showed that the shop did not record financial statements in accordance with SAK EMKM and there was no structured and detailed recording of income and expenses in its accounting reports. In making the financial statements, the shop makes records based on their own wishes without applying SAK EMKM and focuses on meeting needs and income in the business without considering accounting matters in accordance with SAK EMKM. Thus, the shop as a whole has made a mistake even though basically it can still run and continue to grow.
Consumer Protection And Supervision of Circulating Goods In Mandailing Natal District
Authors: Wahdini Riski , Nasution Annio Indah Lestari 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study iswas to examine consumer protection and control of products circulating in Mandailing Natal Regency in consuming goods or services, the government issued a policy of regulating consumer rights through laws as the implementation of a properous state. As consumers we must know what products an services can be consumed properly. Consumers cannot be separated from the rights and obligations of a producer. In this case the producer is the party that makes or produces the product. And until now, there are still many business actors who deliberately sell produts that are no longer fit for circulation. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer protection states that consumer rights in relation to consumer protection for the distribution of health products are the right to comfort, security and safety in obtaining or using these health products. Consumers of health products have the right to correct, clear anda honest information regarding the conditions and guarantees of goods and consumers also have the right to have their opinions heard on the of health products.
Changes in Education Policy in Indonesia During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ananda Chadisa Rizky , Aslami Nuri 
Published: December 2022

This Study aims to find out about policy changes in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This is because the Covid 19 Pandemic is too high, which requires the goverment to make several policies regarding health and education polices that are threatened. In this study, the author use a Qualitative research method, by collecting some data or information as a tool in research .interviews and observations are considered effective which will produce data or information that is more critical. Logical, and in accordance with the facts on the ground.
The Influence of Test-oriented Teaching on Chinese Students’ Long-term use of English
Authors: Zhao Haochen 
Published: December 2022

With the increasing demand for communication between different parts of the world under globalization, English as a universal language for communication has been gradually attached to importance. However, China's exam-oriented education has a profound impact on English education. This study focuses on the effects of exam-oriented education on students' long-term English use. The overall goal is to explore the negative effects of exam-oriented English education on students' English use in higher education in China. This study adopts a quantitative method to research 600 university students located in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. The research was conducted in the form of questionnaires. SPSS analysis is adopted as a generic approach to organize and interpret the data. The results show that exam-oriented education has a negative impact on students' later daily use of English. The research findings could have implications for schools, policy, and globalization.
Effectiveness of peer education in disease self-management of school children and adolescents with chronic diseases: a systematic review
Authors: KARATAŞ Pelin , KARAÇAM Zekiye , ÇALIŞIR Hüsniye 
Published: December 2022

Aim: This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of peer education in the self-management of schoolchildren and adolescents with chronic diseases.
Methods: This study examined Turkish and English studies in the literature. It included experimental and quasi-experimental studies published in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost on the effectiveness of peer education given to children aged 7-18 years about self-management of their disease. As a result of the review, nine articles were included in the study. The results were tabulated and presented in a narrative.
Results: The studies included 1,890 participants between the ages of 7 and 29. Some of the studies administering programs identified as "peer education programs" reported that these programs improved self-management, quality of life, well-being, feelings of happiness, academic performance, pulmonary function, self-evaluation, social support, and general communication perceptions, as well as reducing like a teak undesirable behaviours and cost. However, some studies indicated that these programs were not effective in improving the skills of coping with pain, controlling emotions, perceiving social support, self-efficacy, health-care management, quality of life, and glycemic control.
Conclusion: The study results showed that peer education programs might facilitate children and adolescents in adapting to the chronic diseases in their life, increase their quality of life, satisfaction, self-management, and self-efficacy skills, improve healthy behaviours, and lessens the intensity of their bad moods and reduce hospital costs. It is recommended that pediatric nurses providing care for patients with chronic diseases learn and utilize peer education methods. Therefore, a more enjoyable education environment could be established, leading pediatric patients to participate and improve the effectiveness of these programs.
Integrating Literature with Technology and Use of Digital Tools: Impact on Learning Outcomes
Authors: Alfaruque Sabina Yasmin , Sultana Sufia , Rastogi Richa , Jabeen Zakira 
Published: December 2022

The teaching of literature involves understanding of emotions and feelings of the characters, plot constructions, setting, themes and drawing picturesque images. The aesthetics of teaching literature though lies in reading and understanding the text in its natural way; however, with the advent of technology and compulsive transition to online teaching, integration of technology and digital tools with teaching of literature has become a necessity. This study aimed at examining how to incorporate technology and digital tools in literature classrooms, to ensure attainment of learning outcomes. Digital tools currently adopted to teach literary texts include visualizations, digital editions of classics, storytelling through videos, graphic novels, interactive hypertexts and distant reading of the texts. Visualization tools, for example, can explain word patterns and sentence structure in a story, build digital artifacts, create digital maps of a novel’s setting, and convert themes into images. This study utilized a questionnaire survey with two learner groups, control and experimental, identified through purposive sampling, and in-depth interviews with six instructors who taught literature courses in a leading Saudi university. The focus of this mixed method research study was to see whether technology had done justice with the literary texts and helped achieve the intended learning outcomes. The study found out that with the help of technology students learned literary texts from multiple dimensions; however, the primary concern while integrating technology with teaching of literature should be to help students achieve learning outcomes. The study reiterated that whatever the media or the means to teach literature, if the learning objectives are achieved, combining technology with literature teaching will rather be a paradigm shift.
UJI MATERIAL PLYWOOD PERAHU PENANGKAP TUNA TIPE PUMPBOAT DI SANGIHE TERHADAP SERANGAN BIOFOULLING
Authors: Lungari Fitria Fresty , Balansa Walter , Sambeka Yana 
Published: December 2022

Dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh organisme penempel (biofouling) masih menjadi tantangan bagi nelayan pemilik perahu atau kapal. Pumpboat merupakan alat transportasi antar pulau dan sarana yang digunakan masyarakat pesisir kepulauan Sangihe untuk menangkap ikan. Biaya operasional yang tinggi seharunya tidak lagi ditambah dengan biaya pemeliharaan yang tinggi, sehingga nelayan dapat meminimalisir kerugian dimasa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya tahan material plywood marine use yang biasanya digunakan nelayan Sangihe terhadap pertumbuhuan biofouling. Perendaman material yang sudah dicat dan dikeringkan dilakukan selama satu bulan. Perhitungan IS (intensitas serangan) dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data luas permukaan material sebelum diserang dan setelah diserang setiap minggu. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu minggu pertama 19.8 %, minggu ke-2 48.8 %, minggu ke-3 63.6% dan minggu ke-4 87.4%. Tingginya laju pertumbuhan ini mengharuskan pengaplikasian metode khusus, sehingga performa konstruksi dan mesin kapal tetap maksimal saat melaut.

The impact caused by adhering organisms (biofouling) is still a challenge for fishermen who own boats or ships. Pumpboat is an inter-island transportation tool and a means used by the coastal communities of the Sangihe Islands to catch fish. High operational costs should no longer be coupled with high maintenance costs, so that fishermen can minimize losses in the future. This study aims to determine the durability of marine use plywood material, which is usually used by Sangihe fishermen against biofouling growth. Immersion of the material that has been painted and dried is carried out for one month. The calculation of IS (intensity of attack) is done by collecting data on the surface area of ​​the material before being attacked and after being attacked every week. The results obtained are 19.8% in the first week, 48.8% in the 2nd week, 63.6% in the 3rd week and 87.4% in the 4th week. This high growth rate necessitates the application of special methods, so that the ship's construction and engine performance remains optimal while at sea.
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES OF LUMBAL VERTEBRA IN CASE OF LOW BACK PAIN IN ISLAMIC HOSPITAL PURWOKERTO
Authors: Fitriana Lutfatul , Utami Hernastiti Sedya , Filauhid Festyana 
Published: December 2022

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a pain condition that attacks the lower part of the spine, caused by injury to muscles or ligaments, common causes include lifting the wrong weight, poor posture, not exercising regularly and so on. One of the radiological examinations to establish the diagnosis of LBP is a radiographic examination of the lumbar spine. In the examination procedure, the radiological examination of the lumbar spine, the patient's position during the examination was arranged to sleep supine on the examination table, while at RSI Purwokerto the examination of the lumbar vertebrae with the case of LBP the patient position setting was arranged to stand in front of the bucky stand. The research used in the preparation of this scientific article is a qualitative research with approach case study, the method of data collection is carried out by direct observation of the technique of radiographic examination of the lumbar spine with LBP cases at the Radiology Installation of Islamic Hospital Purwokerto and data collection methods by taking data from documents, including radiographs, medical records and radiographic readings. On radiographic examination of the lumbar spine with LBP cases with the patient standing, the results were: low back pain with normal lumbar curvature and no disc narrowing. Conclusions that can be drawn from the technique of examining the lumbar vertebrae at the Radiology Installation of the Islamic Hospital of Purwokerto were carried out with the AP and Lateral erect projections. the use of this projection can be more informative and can clarify the intervertebral space or narrowed intervertebral disc.
Keywords : Low Back Pain, Radiography, Erect
Retrospective analysis of the use of an injectable allograft for bone marrow lesions of the foot and ankle
Authors: Schoenhaus Jodi , Patel Vanisaben , Gold Jason 
Published: December 2022

Background: Stress fractures occur to the musculoskeletal system on a frequent basis. This injury in the foot and ankle is relatively benign and treated conservatively with a walking boot or postoperative shoe. The use of an injectable bone graft has shown success with bone marrow edema and osteoarthritis in the knee, thus the same effects would be seen worthy of stress fractures relating to other parts of the body such as the foot and ankle. The foot and ankle sustains a high level of stress and is prone to stress fractures. This retrospective analysis documents several cases of stress fractures treated with an injectable allograft.
Methodology/Procedures: A retrospective analysis was conducted on twenty-eight individuals, ages 20-75, who underwent bone repair with an injectable calcium phosphate graft by one of the study investigators. Diagnosis was made with MRI imaging studies prior to surgical intervention. Intraoperatively, fluoroscopy was used to identify the surgical site to be injected. After appropriate targeted position of a cannula, the graft was injected into the site of injury. Retrospective analysis was performed by chart review and phone contact to each participant with a minimum follow-up of twelve months post-procedure. A prewritten questionnaire was used to acquire patient and procedure feedback after verbal consent was obtained.
Results: A total of twenty-seven patients were evaluated. Thirteen underwent injection of bone graft for calcaneal stress fractures, six for talus stress fractures, three for metatarsal fractures, and one for a fibula fracture. One individual presented with both a calcaneus and a talus stress fracture, one with a cuboid and a metatarsal fracture and two patients with both metatarsal and cuneiform fractures. Of those represented in this trial, 24 out of the 27 patients felt no pain and were back to their normal lifestyle and routines four weeks post-procedure. At their 12-month follow-up questionnaire conducted verbally, patients continued to report no pain and actively had resumed their lifestyles.
Discussion: The analysis showed that 80% of participants had a minimum of 75% relief twelve-months post-procedure. Only 3/25 patients reported a level 5 or higher on a pain scale of 10, after the use of this treatment. Most participants returned to lifestyle activities quickly and were pain-free after a short postoperative period of treating their bone marrow lesion.
Refurbished goederen & onderdelen, en herstel en vervanging op grond van artikel 7:21 BW
Authors: Bijloo M.W. 
Published: December 2022

Refurbished goederen & onderdelen, en herstel en vervanging op grond van artikel 7:21 BW
Refurbsihed goederen vormen een belangrijke markt in de retail. In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de vraag of refurbished onderdelen en goederen gebruikt kunnen worden om te voldoen aan de verplichting tot herstel of vervanging bij een consumentenkoop onder art. 7:21 lid 1 onder b en c BW.
De IGZ: van stille kracht naar publieke waakhond
Authors: Hubben J.H. 
Published: December 2022

De IGZ: van stille kracht naar publieke waakhond
Bij de IGZ is sprake van een verschuiving in aandacht voor risicovolle situaties naar aandacht voor kwaliteit van zorg in meer algemene zin. Het opsporen van echte risico’s in de gezondheidszorg behoort echter meer tot de taak van de IGZ dan het toezicht op de governance van zorginstellingen in algemene zin of het uitvoeren van een specifieke fusietoets. De oprichting van het Nationaal Kwaliteitsinstituut vormt een extra aanleiding voor een kritische toets van taakuitoefening en gebruik van bevoegdheden door de IGZ, waaronder de praktijk van het verscherpt toezicht en het indienen van klachten bij het tuchtcollege.