bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The m6A reader YTHDC1 regulates muscle stem cell proliferation via PI4K–Akt–mTOR signalling
Authors: Liu Jin , Zuo Hongna , Wang Ziliu , Wang Wei , Qian Xuezhen , Xie Yingyuan , Peng Di , Xie Yubin , Hong Liquan , You Wanling , Lou Huiling , Luo Guanzheng , Ren Jian , Shen Bin , Zheng Jinping , Wang Hu , Ju Zhenyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMuscle stem cells are required for the homeostasis and regeneration of mammalian skeletal muscles. It has been reported that RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modifications play a pivotal role in muscle development and regeneration. Nevertheless, we know little about which m6A reader regulates mammalian muscle stem cells. Here, we discovered that the m6A reader Ythdc1 is indispensable for mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and proliferation of muscle stem cells. In the absence of Ythdc1, Muscle stem cells in adult mice are unable to exit from quiescence. Mechanistically, Ythdc1 binds to m6A‐modified Pi4k2a and Pi4kb mRNAs to regulate their alternative splicing and thus PI4K–Akt–mTOR signalling. Ythdc1‐null muscle stem cells show a deficiency in phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3,4,5‐trisphosphate, phospho‐Akt and phospho‐S6, which correlates with a failure in exit from quiescence. Our findings connect dynamic RNA methylation to the regulation of PI4K–Akt–mTOR signalling during stem cell proliferation and adult tissue regeneration.
S3‐Leitlinie Urtikaria. Teil 1: Klassifikation und Diagnostik der Urtikaria – deutschsprachige Adaptation der internationalen S3‐Leitlinie
Authors: Zuberbier Torsten , Altrichter Sabine , Bauer Sabine , Brehler Randolf , Brockow Knut , Dressler Corinna , Fluhr Joachim , Gaskins Matthew , Hamelmann Eckard , Kühne Kathrin , Merk Hans , Mülleneisen Norbert K. , Nast Alexander , Olze Heidi , Ott Hagen , Pleimes Marc , Ruëff Franziska , Staubach‐Renz Petra , Wedi Bettina , Maurer Marcus 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Lebenszeitprävalenz für Urtikaria, die zu den schweren allergischen Erkrankungen zählt, liegt bei nahezu 20%. Sie schränkt nicht nur die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen ein, sondern die generelle Leistungsfähigkeit in Beruf und Alltag. Die vorliegende Publikation ist der erste Abschnitt der Leitlinie Urtikaria. Dieser Teil der Leitlinie umfasst deren Klassifikation und Diagnostik unter Einbeziehung der wesentlichen Fortschritte in der Erforschung ihrer Ursachen, auslösenden Faktoren und Pathomechanismen. Zudem befasst sie sich mit Strategien zur ökonomischen Diagnostik der verschiedenen Unterformen der Urtikaria. Dies ist entscheidend für eine individuelle, patientenorientierte Therapie, die im zweiten Teil behandelt wird. Diese deutschsprachige Leitlinie wurde auf der Basis der internationalen englischsprachigen S3‐Leitlinie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der medizinischen Gegebenheiten im deutschsprachigen Raum entsprechend den Kriterien der AWMF erstellt.Die Leitlinie beschreibt in diesem Abschnitt die Klassifikation der Urtikaria, wobei spontan auftretende Quaddeln und Schwellungen von Urtikariaformen mit induzierbaren Symptomen abgegrenzt werden. Urtikaria wird als plötzlich auftretende Quaddeln, Schwellungen oder beides definiert, ist dabei aber abzugrenzen von Zuständen bei denen Quaddeln als kurzfristiges Symptom auftreten, wie zum Beispiel bei der Anaphylaxie. Die Diagnostik stützt sich auf (eingeschränkte) Laboruntersuchungen, aber insbesondere auch die Anamnese. Darüber hinaus stehen validierte Instrumente zur Verfügung, die den Schweregrad, die Aktivität und den Verlauf erfassen.
Clinical characteristics and long‐term prognosis of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors in a large Japanese national cohort
Authors: Namikawa Ken , Kamada Tomoari , Fujisaki Junko , Sato Yuichi , Murao Takahisa , Chiba Tsutomu , Kaizaki Yasuharu , Ishido Kenji , Ihara Yutaro , Kurahara Koichi , Suga Tomoaki , Suzuki Haruhisa , Ito Masanori , Hirakawa Katsuya , Maruyama Yasuhiko , Gotoda Takuji , Hosokawa Osamu , Koike Tomohiro , Mabe Katsuhiro , Yao Takashi , Inui Kazuo , Iishi Hiroyasu , Ogata Haruhiko , Furuta Takahisa , Haruma Ken ,   Collaborators
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesOptimal management of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors (T1‐GNETs) remains unknown, with few reports on their long‐term prognosis. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and long‐term prognosis of T1‐GNETs.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with T1‐GNET during 1991–2019 at 40 institutions in Japan.ResultsAmong 172 patients, endoscopic resection (ER), endoscopic surveillance, and surgery were performed in 84, 61, and 27, respectively, including 27, 77, and 2 patients with pT1a‐M, pT1b‐SM, and pT2 tumors, respectively. The median tumor diameter was 5 (range 0.8–55) mm. Four (2.9%) patients had lymph node metastasis (LNM); none had liver metastasis. LNM rates were significantly higher in tumors with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (15.8%; 3/19) than in those without (1.1%; 1/92) (P = 0.016). For tumors <10 mm, LVI and LNM rates were 18.4% (14/76) and 2.2% (2/90), respectively, which were not significantly different from those of tumors 10–20 mm (LVI 13.3%; 2/15, P = 0.211; and LNM 0%; 0/17, P = 1.0). However, these rates were significantly lower than those of tumors >20 mm (LVI 60%; 3/5, P = 0.021; and LNM 40%; 2/5, P = 0.039). No tumor recurrence or cause‐specific death occurred during the median follow‐up of 10.1 (1–25) years. The 10‐year overall survival rate was 97%.ConclusionsType 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors showed indolent nature and favorable long‐term prognoses. LVI could be useful in indicating the need for additional treatments. ER for risk prediction of LNM should be considered for tumors <10 mm and may be feasible for tumors 10–20 mm.Trial registrationThe study protocol was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) under the identifier UMIN000029927.
Glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without chronic heart failure: A meta‐analysis of randomized placebo‐controlled outcome trials
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Saraiva Francisca , Sharma Abhinav , Vasques‐Nóvoa Francisco , Angélico‐Gonçalves António , Leite Ana Rita , Borges‐Canha Marta , Carvalho Davide , Packer Milton , Zannad Faiez , Leite‐Moreira Adelino , Neves João Sérgio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimGlucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RA) reduce atherosclerotic events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a high cardiovascular risk. The effect of GLP1‐RA to reduce heart failure (HF) has been inconsistent across T2D trials, and individual trials were underpowered to assess the effect of GLP1‐RA according to HF history. In this meta‐analysis we aim to assess the effect of GLP1‐RA in patients with and without HF history in stable ambulatory patients with T2D.MethodsRandom‐effects meta‐analysis of placebo‐controlled trials. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were extracted from the treatment effect estimates of HF subgroup analyses reported in each individual study. The primary outcome was a composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death.ResultsIn total, 54 092 patients with T2D from seven randomized controlled trials were included, of whom 8460 (16%) had HF history. Compared with placebo, GLP1‐RA did not reduce the composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death in patients with HF history: HR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.84‐1.08, but reduced this outcome in patients without HF history: HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76‐0.92. GLP1‐RA did not reduce all‐cause death in patients with HF history: HR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.86‐1.11, but reduced mortality in patients without HF history: HR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79‐0.92. GLP1‐RA reduced atherosclerotic events regardless of HF history: HR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75‐0.97 with HF, and HR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83‐0.93 without HF.ConclusionsTreatment with GLP1‐RA did not reduce HF hospitalizations and mortality in patients with concomitant T2D and HF, but may prevent new‐onset HF and mortality in patients with T2D without HF. The reduction of atherosclerotic events with GLP1‐RA was not influenced by HF history status.
How career hubs shape the global corporate elite
Authors: Bühlmann Felix , Ellersgaard Christoph Houman , Larsen Anton Grau , Lunding Jacob Aagaard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this contribution, we introduce ‘career hubs’ as an alternative to interlocking directorates and propose to study transnational corporate elite networks with this new concept. Career hubs, the most frequent common career organizations, put emphasis on knowledge brokering and allow us to study a larger variety of organizations to understand the form and the spread of elite networks. We use a sample of 1366 firms on the Forbes 2000 list of 2018 and investigate the careers of 16,500 top executives by linking these data to the BoardEx database. We find three types of career hubs: global audit and consulting firms, financial firms participating in a transatlantic banking alliance and large US consumer goods conglomerates – and highlight the mechanisms through which they shape the spatial structures of finance led capitalism. In the conclusion, we consider the implication of our results for the literature on corporate networks and propose a series of future research avenues in the career hub perspective.
Ascl1 and OTP tumour expressions are associated with disease‐free survival in lung atypical carcinoids
Authors: Centonze Giovanni , Maisonneuve Patrick , Simbolo Michele , Lagano Vincenzo , Grillo Federica , Prinzi Natalie , Pusceddu Sara , Missiato Loretta , Colantuono Marilena , Sabella Giovanna , Bercich Luisa , Mangogna Alessandro , Rolli Luigi , Grisanti Salvatore , Benvenuti Mauro Roberto , Pastorino Ugo , Roz Luca , Scarpa Aldo , Berruti Alfredo , Capella Carlo , Milione Massimo 
Published: February 2023

AimsAccording to World Health Organization guidelines, atypical carcinoids (ACs) are well‐differentiated lung neuroendocrine tumours with 2–10 mitoses/2 mm2 and/or foci of necrosis (usually punctate). Besides morphological criteria, no further tools in predicting AC clinical outcomes are proposed. The aim of this work was to identify novel factors able to predict AC disease aggressiveness and progression.Methods and resultsThree hundred‐seventy lung carcinoids were collected and centrally reviewed by two expert pathologists. Morphology and immunohistochemical markers (Ki‐67, TTF‐1, CD44, OTP, SSTR2A, Ascl1, p53, and Rb1) were studied and correlated with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Fifty‐eight of 370 tumours were defined as AC. Survival analysis showed that patients with Ascl1 + ACs and those with OTP‐ACs had a significantly worse DFS than patients with Ascl1‐ACs and OTP + ACs, respectively. Combining Ascl1 and OTP expressions, groups were formed reflecting the aggressiveness of disease (P = 0.0005). Ki‐67 ≥10% patients had a significantly worse DFS than patients with Ki‐67 <10%. At multivariable analysis, Ascl1 (present versus absent, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–8.65, P = 0.009) and OTP (present versus absent, HR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.68, P = 0.006) were independently associated with DFS. The prognosis of patients with Ki‐67 ≥10% tended to be worse compared to that with Ki‐67 <10%. On the contrary, OTP (present versus absent, HR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.09–0.89, P = 0.03), tumour stage (III‐IV versus I‐II, HR = 4.25, 95% CI 1.42–12.73, P = 0.01) and increasing age (10‐year increase, HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.04–2.68, P = 0.03) were independently associated with OS.ConclusionThis retrospective analysis of lung ACs showed that Ascl1 and OTP could be the main prognostic drivers of postoperative recurrence.
In vitro digestion and fermentation of lacto‐N‐biose, a core building block of human milk oligosaccharides
Authors: Xie Wanying , Li Wenjie , Gao Fanhui , Li Tuoping 
Published: February 2023

SummaryHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) can significantly reduce the occurrence of early food allergy in infants (by up to 50%) by improving intestinal flora. Lacto‐N‐biose (LNB) is a potential factor for the selective growth of Bifidobacteria. Despite these observations, little is known about whether LNB, the core component of HMOs, can alleviate infant milk allergy by improving intestinal flora. Herein, in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation of LNB and its interactions with allergic infant gut microbiota were investigated. The results showed that LNB was stable under the digestion conditions of mouth, stomach and small intestine. It also could obviously modulate the composition of gut microbiota, representing the increases of the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium (65.62%), Enterococcus (6.95%), Lactobacillus (2.01%) and Blautia (2.17%). Especially, Bifidobacterium adolescentis (5.45%) and Bifidobacterium breve (23.18%) were preponderantly existed in the milk‐allergic infant intestinal flora, compared to the normal infant intestinal microbiota (P < 0.5). However, LNB treatment significantly decreased the abundance of B. adolescentis (0.18%), but largely increased the relative abundance of B. bifidum (40.63%), in comparison with the allergic infant group (8.29%) (P < 0.05). In addition, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), either their individuals or total productions were all increased with the treatment of LNB (195.47 mM), compared to the normal control (138.05 mM) and allergic infant groups (56.89 mM) (P < 0.05). These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the protective effects of LNB in allergic diseases and provide new insights into a potential approach to relieve infant food allergy.
Use of additives for porosity control in the manufacturing of MAX phase components by powder bed fusion processes
Authors: Likoundayenda Bakoutas Desti Dorion , Li Shurui , Yan Zhilong , Zhang Kai , Liu Tingting 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPorosity is a major concern in the manufacturing of MAX phase components through powder bed fusion process. Three factors, powder characteristics, processing parameters, and internal reactions have been identified as key factors governing densifications of these printed parts. While investigations on the first two factors are quite common, the last one seems less explored. In this study, micro‐alloying (substitution) on the M‐site was selected as a possible way of tuning the internal reaction. A lower diffusion material niobium was adopted as a substitutional component through the relation ,that combine three pre‐existing concepts on powder mixture, including stoichiometric, near‐stoichiometric, and the solid solution on M‐site. Two powder mixtures in prescribed ratio related to two different combinations ofxandyvalues arbitrarily chosen denoted by Nb1 and Nb3 were considered for investigation. A comparison of density and area fraction quantifying the distribution of pores and compact areas on the upper surface of the sample was made. A skeletal density of 94.85% and a compact area fraction of 68.24% were outstanding characteristics displayed in the Nb1 and Nb3 series, respectively, with a significant dependence on the processing parameters. The advantages and disadvantages of these two powder mixtures are discussed.
Machine learning predictions of Knoop hardness in lithium disilicate glass‐ceramics
Authors: Wilkinson Collin J. , DeCeanne Anthony V. , Dittmer Marc , Ritzberger Christian , Rampf Markus , Mauro John C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPredicting the effects of ceramic microstructures on macroscopic properties, such as the Knoop hardness, has long been a difficult task. This is particularly true in glass–ceramics, where multiple unique crystalline phases can overlap with a background glassy phase. The combination of crystalline and glassy phases makes it difficult to quantify the percent crystallinity and to predict properties that are the result of the chemical composition and microstructure. To overcome this difficulty and take the first step to build a system for characterizing glass‐ceramics, we predict the Knoop hardness based on scanning electron microscopy images using two computational techniques. The first technique is a computer vision algorithm that allows for physical insights into the system because the features used in a predictive model are extracted from the images. The second technique is machine learning with convolutional neural networks that are trained through transfer learning, allowing for more accurate predictions than the first method but with the downside of being a black box. Discussion of the relative merits of the models is included.
Enabling the transition to ductile MAX phases and the exfoliation to MXenes via tuning the A element
Authors: Li Hui , Li Shaohan , Sun Litao , Zhang Jing , Yu Jin , Sun ZhengMing , Sun Weiwei , Marco Igor Di 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional MXenes, exfoliated from their parental precursors‐MAX phases, exhibit several outstanding properties and have achieved several accomplishments in a vast range of fields. Developing novel and high‐performance MXenes has become a vital task in materials science, so estimating the possibilities for exfoliation is a topic positioned at the research frontier. Here, the likelihood of exfoliating 36 M2AC MAX phases was explored by using density functional theory. For MAX phases, the composition‐dependent mechanical performances were investigated, highlighting evident trends, and, more essentially, improving MAX phases toughness, which can be achieved via modulating the A site. Two novel criteria were then introduced to assess the probability of exfoliating MXenes from MAX phases, having less complexity and lower computational cost than the prior studies. The excellent agreement provided by the new criteria with the reported results demonstrates that they are feasible, reliable as well as easily accessible. Furthermore, some key features that were previously suggested to be related to exfoliation are instead determined to be weakly correlated with it. We thus performed a detailed numerical analysis to locate representative and correlated features that are fundamental for the exfoliation. Our findings provide deep insight into the synthesis process and accelerate the discovery of new MXenes.
Efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan after switching from azilsartan in hemodialysis patients with hypertension
Authors: Iwashima Yoshio , Fukushima Hiromichi , Horio Takeshi , Rai Tatemitsu , Ishimitsu Toshihiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study assessed the efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan in 23 hemodialysis patients with hypertension (mean age 70 years; male 69.6%) after switching from azilsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker. Both at baseline and 3 months after the start of sacubitril/valsartan treatment, home blood pressure (BP), BP values during hemodialysis, and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) level were measured. The mean dosage of azilsartan was 30 ± 10 mg/day at baseline and that of sacubitril/valsartan after 3 months of treatment was 204 ± 64 mg/day. After 3 months, significant reductions in mean morning home BP (155 ± 17/80 ± 12 to 147 ± 16/76 ± 11 mmHg), mean nighttime home systolic BP (153 ± 19 to 144 ± 16 mmHg), and median (IQRs) NT‐proBNP level [8124 (2620–13 394) to 6271 (1570–9591) pg/mL] were observed (all P < .05), whereas BP values during hemodialysis did not change significantly. In hemodialysis patients, except for hypotension, sacubitril/valsartan was generally well tolerated, effectively controlled out‐of‐office BP, and improved NT‐proBNP.
A leucine‐rich repeat receptor kinase gene confers quantitative susceptibility to maize southern leaf blight
Authors: Chen Chuan , Zhao Yaqi , Tabor Girma , Nian Huiqin , Phillips Joanie , Wolters Petra , Yang Qin , Balint‐Kurti Peter 
Published: February 2023

Summary
Southern leaf blight (SLB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus (anamorph Bipolaris maydis), is a major foliar disease which causes significant yield losses in maize worldwide. A major quantitative trait locus, qSLB3.04, conferring recessive resistance to SLB was previously mapped on maize chromosome 3.
Using a combination of map‐based cloning, association analysis, ethyl methanesulfonate and transposon mutagenesis, and CRISPR‐Cas9 editing, we demonstrate that a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase gene which we have called ChSK1 (Cochliobolus heterostrophus Susceptibility Kinase 1) at qSLB3.04 causes increased susceptibility to SLB. Genes of this type have generally been associated with the defense response.
We present evidence that ChSK1 may be associated with suppression of the basal immune response.
These findings contribute to our understanding of plant disease susceptibility genes and the potential to use them for engineering durable disease resistance.
The outcome of apical surgery in teeth treated using TotalFill® RRM putty as a root‐end filling material during apical surgery: Case report series
Authors: Powrie Lucy , Cresta Marialena , Besi Eleni , Philpott Bob 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the success of apical surgery procedures performed using TotalFill® Root Repair Material putty (Schöttlander, Letchworth, UK) as a root‐end filling material.Materials and methodsThis case series consisting of 29 teeth in 22 patients highlights the use of TotalFill RRM putty as a root‐end filling material treated at the Edinburgh Dental Institute by Registrars and Consultants, from 1st January 2017 and 13th March 2019. The outcome was assessed clinically and radiographically over 30 months following the completion of treatment.ResultsApical surgery is an option to manage cases of failed endodontic treatment and survival rates in the region of 90% have been reported for teeth following the procedure. Root end filling following retrograde preparation forms an integral part of the procedure. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has been considered the gold standard material for this purpose for a number of years but has some associated handling and placement difficulties. Newer bioceramic materials in putty form have been designed to overcome these difficulties whilst retaining advantageous biological properties.ConclusionThe overall survival rate of teeth in the series was 93%, with a success rate of 86%. Due to its improved handling properties and similar clinical performance, this material may prove a useful tool in the apical surgery armamentarium.
FAR‐RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 increases leaf longevity by delaying senescence in arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Qibin , Liu Meiling , Quan Shuxuan , Shi Qingbiao , Tian Tian , Zhang Haisen , Wang Haiyang , Li Gang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSenescence is the final stage of leaf development, limits and dictates the longevity of leaf. This stage is strictly controlled by internal developmental age signals and external environmental signals. However, the underlying mechanisms by which various signals integrating together to regulate leaf senescence remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the light signalling protein FAR‐RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) directly represses the transcription of PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and NON‐YELLOWING1/STAY‐GREEN1 (NYE1/SGR1), two key regulators of senescence, thus preventing chlorophyll degradation and extending the leaf longevity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Disrupting either PIF4 or NYE1 function completely rescued the early leaf senescence of fhy3‐4 mutant. Interestingly, we found that FHY3 competes with PIF4 to bind to the G‐box cis‐element in NYE1 promoter, subsequently preventing the transcriptional activation of this gene by PIF4. Moreover, FHY3 transcript levels gradually increased in senescent leaves, which consist with disrupting FHY3 function accelerated chlorophyll degradation and shorted the leaf longevity. All these findings reveal that FHY3 is a master regulator that participates in multiple signalling pathways to increase leaf longevity. In addition, our study shed light on the dynamic regulatory mechanisms by which plants integrate light signalling and internal developmental cues to control leaf senescence and longevity.