bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of dual enkephalinase inhibition in a preclinical migraine model is mediated by activation of peripheral delta opioid receptors
Authors: Mei Hao‐Ruei , Hu Ya‐Yu , Kapadia Soneet , Ouimet Tanja , Poras Hervé , Dussor Gregory 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether elevating levels of enkephalin by inhibiting their degradation can attenuate stress‐induced migraine‐like behaviors in mice.BackgroundPrevious studies in animals have suggested the delta opioid receptor (DOR) as a novel migraine target. The primary endogenous ligands for DOR are enkephalins and their levels can be increased by pharmacological inhibition of enkephalinases; however, it is not clear whether enkephalinase inhibition can be efficacious in preclinical migraine models through activation of DOR or whether other opioid receptors might be involved. Further, it is not clear whether opioid receptors in the central nervous system are necessary for these effects.MethodsThis study used a model of repetitive restraint stress in mice that induces periorbital hypersensitivity and priming to the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.1 mg/kg). Von Frey filaments were used to measure periorbital mechanical thresholds and grimace scores were evaluated by observing mouse facial features. Animals were treated with the dual enkephalinase inhibitor (DENKI) PL37.ResultsOn day two post‐stress, PL37 given to mice via either intravenous injection (10 mg/kg) or oral gavage (20 mg/kg) significantly attenuated stress‐induced periorbital hypersensitivity and facial grimace responses. Additionally, both intravenous (10 mg/kg) and oral gavage (20 mg/kg) of PL37 prior to SNP (0.1 mg/kg) administration on day 14 post‐stress significantly reduced SNP‐induced facial hypersensitivity. Injection of the DOR antagonist naltrindole (0.1 mg/kg) but not the mu‐opioid receptor antagonist CTAP (1 mg/kg) prior to PL37 treatment blocked the effects. Finally, pretreatment of mice with the peripherally restricted opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide (5 mg/kg) blocked the effects of PL37.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that inhibiting enkephalinases, and thus protecting enkephalins from degradation, attenuates stress‐induced migraine‐like behavior via activation of peripheral DOR. Peripheral targeting of endogenous opioid signaling may be an effective therapeutic strategy for migraine.
Association of abnormal glucose tolerance with liver‐related disease and cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Konishi Fumiaki , Miyake Teruki , Watanabe Takao , Tokumoto Yoshio , Furukawa Shinya , Matsuura Bunzo , Yoshida Osamu , Miyazaki Masumi , Shiomi Akihito , Kanzaki Sayaka , Nakaguchi Hironobu , Nakamura Yoshiko , Imai Yusuke , Koizumi Mitsuhito , Yamamoto Yasunori , Koizumi Yohei , Hirooka Masashi , Takeshita Eiji , Kumagi Teru , Ikeda Yoshio , Abe Masanori , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimHepatitis C complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the progression of fibrosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cardiovascular diseases. However, several studies may have lacked appropriate diagnosis of glucose intolerance. We aimed to examine the risk associated with abnormal glucose intolerance in the development of liver‐related diseases, including HCC and complications of liver cirrhosis, such as ascites, esophageal and gastric varices, and hepatic encephalopathy, and cardiovascular diseases in patients with hepatitis C accurately diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance.MethodsThis longitudinal retrospective study included 365 patients with chronic hepatitis C admitted to Ehime University Hospital for anti‐hepatitis C therapy between September 1991 and January 2015. Patients were classified into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and DM groups based on 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test results.ResultsBoth univariate and multivariate (adjusted for potential confounders) analyses revealed a significantly higher risk of developing HCC and cardiovascular events in the DM group than in the NGT group. However, in multivariate analysis, liver‐related events, particularly liver cirrhosis complications, revealed no significant association. In addition, the prediabetes group had no significant risk of any outcome.ConclusionsPatients with hepatitis C complicated by DM, compared with patients with hepatitis C with NGT or complicated with prediabetes, have a higher risk of HCC and cardiovascular disease events, but not liver‐related events, particularly in not developing liver cirrhosis complications. Therefore, appropriate follow‐up is required for patients with hepatitis C based on their glucose tolerance status.
High temperature dielectric properties of calcium zirconate
Authors: Devoe Alan , Trinh Hung , Dogan Fatih 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe electrical properties of dense, high purity CaZrO3 discs, sintered at 1380°C with and without added ZrO2, were investigated up to 950°C. Dielectric constant, loss tangent, and electrical conductivity were measured from 25 to 725°C, and the real and imaginary impedances were measured between 800 and 950°C by impedance spectroscopy techniques. Dielectric constant increased by 8% above 300°C and loss tangent increased from .1% at 25°C to ∼2% above 300°C. Activation energy of electrical conductivity determined between 300°C and 950°C by alternative current (AC) and direct current (DC) measurements. These results indicate that CaZrO3 could be a useful dielectric material for capacitor applications up to 500°C. A reported decrease in conductivity due to addition of excess ZrO2 into stoichiometric CaZrO3 could not be confirmed.
An Australian COVID‐19 respiratory care unit experience
Authors: Ward‐Ambler Emily , Wallbridge Peter , Singh Kasha , Miller Alistair , Irving Louis B. , Manser Renee , Goldin Jeremy , Hii Su , Hammerschlag Gary , Rees Megan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with a heterogeneous presentation ranging from severe pneumonitis to asymptomatic infection. International studies have demonstrated the utility of respiratory care units (RCUs) to facilitate the delivery of non‐invasive ventilation techniques to patients with COVID‐19 pneumonitis.AimsThis study aims to describe the patient characteristics, flow and outcomes of admissions to the Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) COVID‐19 RCU (CRCU) during its initial period of operation.MethodsSingle‐centre retrospective cohort study, all patients admitted to CRCU between 17 September and 10 December 2021 were included in this study. Patient demographics, including comorbidities and limitations of medical treatment, were analysed. Admission source and discharge destination were reviewed. Length of stay was recorded. Finally, in‐hospital and CRCU mortality were analysed.ResultsNinety‐seven patients, comprising 111 admissions, occurred during the study period with median age of 65 years (48% female). Most patients were admitted from and discharged to the ward. Twenty patients died in hospital (21%), with age, 4C score, comorbidity and presence of obstructive lung disease predicting mortality (area under the curve (AUC) 0.85, P < 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in those over 65 years of age compared to those under 65 (P < 0.001), or those deemed not for intubation compared to those for intubation (P = 0.0019).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of operating a CRCU within an Australian tertiary healthcare setting.
A tutorial on graph models for scheduling round‐robin sports tournaments
Authors: Ribeiro Celso C. , Urrutia Sebastián , de Werra Dominique 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany sports leagues organize their competitions as round‐robin tournaments. This tournament design has a rich mathematical structure that has been studied in the literature over the years. We review some of the main properties and fundamental scheduling methods of round‐robin tournaments. Special attention is given to extra‐mural tournaments in which each team in the competition has its venue. Teams play either at home or away in such tournaments in each round. The surge of breaks in the perfect alternation of home and away breaks is studied in detail.
Mechanism of enhanced corrosion resistance against molten CMAS for pyrosilicates by high‐entropy design
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Lin Chucheng , Zheng Wei , Song Xuemei , Jiang Caifen , Niu Yaran , Zeng Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMeeting service requirements at temperatures above 1400°C is challenging for the CMAS corrosion resistance of single‐component pyrosilicates. This research presents a high‐entropy design approach for pyrosilicates using ionic radius modulation. This method enhances pyrosilicates’ resistance to CMAS corrosion by regulating the apatite's quantity formed to obstruct CMAS melt infiltration while avoiding excessive reactions. We investigated the corrosion behavior of two types of single‐component pyrosilicates (Lu2Si2O7 and Yb2Si2O7) with a small ionic radius of rare‐earth elements (REEs), three types of β‐type pyrosilicates ((Ho1/4Er1/4Yb1/4Lu1/4)2Si2O7, (Y1/5Ho1/5Er1/5Yb1/5Lu1/5)2Si2O7 and (Y1/6Ho1/6Er1/6Tm1/6Yb1/6Lu1/6)2Si2O7), and one γ‐type pyrosilicate ((Gd1/4Dy1/4Yb1/4Lu1/4)2Si2O7) with a larger average ionic radius of REEs at 1450–1550°C. The analysis of the residual CMAS and apatite compositions showed the differences in the behavior of different REEs in the reaction with CMAS and the conditions required for the reaction to proceed.
Increased circulating phenylacetylglutamine concentration elevates the predictive value of cardiovascular event risk in heart failure patients
Authors: Wei Haoran , Wu Junfang , Wang Huiqing , Huang Jin , Li Chenze , Zhang Yuxuan , Song Yaonan , Zhou Zhitong , Sun Yang , Xiao Lei , Peng Liyuan , Chen Chen , Zhao Chunxia , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhenylacetylglutamine (PAGln)—a newly discovered microbial metabolite produced by phenylalanine metabolism—is reportedly associated with cardiovascular events via adrenergic receptors. Nonetheless, its association with cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients remains unknown.ObjectivesThis study aimed to prospectively investigate the prognostic value of PAGln for HF.MethodsPlasma PAGln levels were quantified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. We first assessed the association between plasma PAGln levels and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in 3152 HF patients (including HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction) over a median follow‐up period of 2 years. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death or heart transplantation. We then assessed the prognostic role of PAGln in addition to the classic biomarker N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). The correlation between PAGln levels and β‐blocker use was also investigated.ResultsIn total, 520 cardiovascular deaths or heart transplantations occurred in the HF cohort. Elevated PAGln levels were independently associated with a higher risk of the primary endpoint in a dose‐response manner, regardless of HF subtype. Concurrent assessment of PAGln and NT‐proBNP levels enhanced risk stratification among HF patients. PAGln further showed prognostic value at low NT‐proBNP levels. Additionally, the interaction effects between PAGln and β‐blocker use were not significant.ConclusionsPlasma PAGln levels are an independent predictor of an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events in HF. Our work could provide joint and complementary prognostic value to NT‐proBNP levels in HF patients.
Masticatory dysfunction in older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Lahoud Tony , Yu Angus Yao‐Dong , King Shalinie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMasticatory dysfunction impacts food selection, nutritional intake and social activities; all of which play a vital role to ensure good general health and quality of life. Despite the rapidly ageing population, there is limited evidence regarding the risk factors that lead to masticatory dysfunction in older adults or protective factors which may help maintain masticatory ability. Furthermore, there is currently no consensus for a specific test which measures masticatory ability.ObjectivesThe objectives of this scoping review are to identify the risk and protective factors associated with masticatory dysfunction and determine the most commonly used objective measure of masticatory performance.DesignA scoping review was performed using the PRISMA recommendations. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. Seventy‐eight articles were included in this review. There were six randomised controlled trials, six interventional studies, one systematic review, one quasi‐experimental study, five prospective cohort studies, 58 cross‐sectional studies and one case–control study. Data were analysed for frequency of studies reporting on risk factors, protective factors and/or objective measures of masticatory performance.ResultsThis scoping review identified tooth loss as the most common risk factor for masticatory dysfunction. Other notable risk factors included musculoskeletal conditions such as frailty and sarcopenia, cognitive decline and malnutrition. Additionally, the review identified that the presence or addition of teeth was the main protective factor. Other protective factors included denture maintenance via liners and adhesives, textured foods, and oral exercises. Chewing gum was the most common objective measure of masticatory function, followed by the occlusal force and sieve methods.ConclusionsThis scoping review found that there was limited evidence for a causal link between each of the risk factors and masticatory dysfunction or the protective factors and the maintenance of masticatory ability in older adults. Establishing a standard method for measuring masticatory performance such as the commonly used chewing gum method and encouraging clinicians to routinely measure masticatory function will enable comparisons across multiple risk and protective factors, improving the evidence base and contributing to better patient care.
The skillful means and meanings of philosophy: Attention and immersion in the philosophical art of writing
Authors: Johnson Charles 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis response to Richard Shusterman's Philosophy and the Art of Writing focuses on his concern that philosophy is, first and foremost, a way of life, illustrated in the West by the Socratic ideal of the philosopher and in the East by the example of the scholar‐artist‐gentleman. This paper examines the process of Buddhist meditation and the process of creating novels, supplementing the authors Shusterman carefully examines with examples from Black American literature, the author's own teacher John Gardner, and artistic colleagues the author has known. The basic thrust of the response is that the skillful means used in writing can indeed be a form of self‐creation, but it can also be a means of liberation from the self.
Prenatal and early‐life antibiotic exposure and the risk of atopic dermatitis in children: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chuan , Wu Meng‐Che , Wu Hsing‐Ju , Liao Pei‐Lun , Wei James Cheng‐Chung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) contributes to substantial social and financial costs in public health care systems. Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy has been proposed as a risk factor, but findings remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between prenatal antibiotic use and childhood AD.MethodsWe performed a population‐based cohort study using data collected from the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database from 2009 to 2016. Associations were determined using Cox proportional hazards model and were adjusted for several potential covariates, including maternal atopic disorders and gestational infections. Children with and without maternal predispositions of atopic diseases and postnatal antibiotic/acetaminophen exposures within 1 year were stratified to identify the subgroups at risk.ResultsA total of 1,288,343 mother–child pairs were identified and 39.5% received antibiotics prenatally. Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy was slightly positively associated with childhood AD (aHR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03–1.05), especially in the first and second trimesters. An apparent dose–response pattern was observed with an 8% increased risk when the exposure was ≥5 courses prenatally (aHR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06–1.11). Subgroup analysis showed the positive association remained significant regardless of postnatal infant antibiotic use, but the risk attenuated to null in infants who were not exposed to acetaminophen (aHR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96–1.05). The associations were higher in children whose mothers were without AD compared to those whose mothers were with AD. In addition, postnatal antibiotic or acetaminophen exposure of infants was associated with an increased risk of developing AD after 1 year of age.ConclusionMaternal antibiotic use during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of childhood AD in a dose‐related manner. Further research may be warranted to investigate this variable using a prospectively designed study, and also to examine whether or not this association is specifically related to pregnancy.
Accountability, affect, and the political unconscious: A dialogue
Authors: Borneman John , Wilson Richard Ashby 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis dialogue between John Borneman and Richard Ashby Wilson examines several of the key questions for law and politics that have come to the fore since the end of the Cold War. Beginning with Borneman's contributions over the last three decades, in which he elaborates the concepts of accountability, care, and affect, both authors then engage with how these issues emerge in their own research in different locales. They argue for the global relevance of these concepts for the recent authoritarian turn and increasingly vocal demands for justice. Drawing on the history of anthropological study of kinship and law, they ask how psychoanalytic understandings of violence and the domestic sphere might pose new questions in contemporary debates. They assess, in turn, the place of retribution in transitional justice strategies such as criminal trials and truth commissions, the productivity of care in querying relationality after political violence, the relation of affect and revenge to justice, the changing gender of the public sphere, the significance of reciprocity in both violence and care, the role of aggression and the death drive in producing and redressing violence, and the significance of law to trauma work.
Open‐access renewable resources and pollution: Trade and policy implications in a two‐country model
Authors: Güven Gökhan , İnançlı Selim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine the interaction between the relative inter‐industry pollution externality and resource stock externality of harvesting in deciding trade patterns and welfare gains from trade in a two‐country model (less‐developed countries) with renewable resources in the absence of resource management. This paper focuses on the impacts of trade policies on resource conservation and welfare outcomes in two countries with different environmental management regimes. Differences in pollution management standards between both countries determine the direction of trade flow and gains from trade in a diversified production case. The country with a lower pollution intensity parameter, an exporter of resource goods, certainly experiences welfare loss in the post‐trade steady‐state and may also suffer a decline in utility throughout the transition path. However, a country with higher pollution intensity and importers of resource goods tend to gain from trade. Under national open‐access resources, given that pollution is regulated up to a certain point in both countries, this study finds that implementing better restrictions on only one externality factor is not optimal from a post‐trade welfare perspective. Lastly, from the point of view of policy suggestion, this paper offers an optimal trade policy that the economic and environmental effects of enforcing import tax on resource goods are likely to be Pareto‐improving consequences compared to the implications of using an export tax.
COVID‐19 attitudes, cognitions, and behaviors in association with personal ideology and social media exposure: Findings from emerging adults in the Southern United States
Authors: Bennett‐Brown Margaret , Gesselman Amanda N. , Edmund Emmanuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the U.S., the COVID‐19 pandemic has been highly politicized and has been the subject of large‐scale media misinformation. Personal ideologies—including religiosity and political leanings (i.e., conservative, liberal)—have heavily guided responses to the pandemic, particularly in the Southern United States. However, microenvironments like Southern U.S. universities provide a unique perspective into the juxtaposition of larger societal conservatism and the liberalism associated with higher education. In the current study, we examined Southern university students' political beliefs, religiosity, and social media exposure in association with their COVID‐19 attitudes, cognitions, and behaviors. Participants' political beliefs were associated with their COVID‐19 concern, myth acceptance, vaccination status, and likelihood to receive a future vaccination. Religiosity and social media exposure were more nuanced. Future research into personal ideologies as emerging adults develop their independent identities away from their parents, and how this process can impact health behaviors, is needed.
Linear feature conflation: An optimization‐based matching model with connectivity constraints
Authors: Lei Ting L. , Lei Zhen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGeospatial data conflation is the process of combining multiple datasets about a geographic phenomenon to produce a single, richer dataset. It has received increased research attention due to its many applications in map making, transportation, planning, and temporal geospatial analyses, among many others. One approach to conflation, attempted from the outset in the literature, is the use of optimization‐based conflation methods. Conflation is treated as a natural optimization problem of minimizing the total number of discrepancies while finding corresponding features from two datasets. Optimization‐based conflation has several advantages over traditional methods including conciseness, being able to find an optimal solution, and ease of implementation. However, current optimization‐based conflation methods are also limited. A main shortcoming with current optimized conflation models (and other traditional methods as well) is that they are often too weak and cannot utilize the spatial context in each dataset while matching corresponding features. In particular, current optimal conflation models match a feature to targets independently from other features and therefore treat each GIS dataset as a collection of unrelated elements, reminiscent of the spaghetti GIS data model. Important contextual information such as the connectivity between adjacent elements (such as roads) is neglected during the matching. Consequently, such models may produce topologically inconsistent results. In this article, we address this issue by introducing new optimization‐based conflation models with structural constraints to preserve the connectivity and contiguity relation among features. The model is implemented using integer linear programming and compared with traditional spaghetti‐style models on multiple test datasets. Experimental results show that the new element connectivity (ec‐bimatching) model reduces false matches and consistently outperforms traditional models.