bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using virtual reality simulation for training practical skills in musculoskeletal wrist X-ray - A pilot study
Authors: Jensen Janni , Graumann Ole , Jensen Rune Overgaard , Gade Signe K. K. , Thielsen Maria Grabau , Most Winnie , Pietersen Pia Iben 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
Using virtual reality (VR), students of radiography can practice acquisition and positioning of musculoskeletal radiographs and get immediate feedback on their performance within the simulator. The purpose of this study was to assess usability of a newly developed VR simulator and to explore self-perceived clinical readiness (SPCR) of radiography students before and after training acquisition of wrist radiographs in the VR simulator.

Material and Methods:
A prospective methodology was applied where the students (n = 10) estimated their own SPCR in regard to acquisition of wrist radiographs pre- and post-VR training. A questionnaire on usability, realism, and educational value of the simulator was answered post-VR training. Usability and SPCR scores were calculated. The student’s paired t-test was applied to explore the impact of VR training on SPCR.

Results:
The students (90%) reported that the simulator was realistic and they thought that it could contribute to learning. The pre- and post-SPCR scores were 75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54–96) and 77 (95% CI: 59–95), respectively. There was no significant difference (P = 0.4574) between the pre- and post-SPCR scores.

Conclusion:
Results indicated that the concept of training acquisition and positioning of wrist radiographs in a VR simulator is feasible with positive feedback from the students. The SPCR scores improved slightly, although not statistically significant, after completion of the training session.
ON STABLITY OF FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF CLAY VESSELS (EXPRIMENTAL STUDY)
Authors: Суханов Е.  В. 
Published: July 2023

В статье обсуждаются результаты эксперимента, нацеленного на изучение относительной устойчивости разных функциональных частей глиняных сосудов. Проверяются две гипотезы. В соответствии с первой гипотезой устойчивость функциональной части зависит от ее «выраженности» или относительной высоты, которую она занимает в форме сосуда. В соответствии со второй гипотезой устойчивость функциональной части зависит от ее положения в структуре формы, т.е. чем ниже расположена часть, тем меньший у нее диапазон колебаний, и наоборот. Для их проверки был проведен специальный эксперимент, в ходе которого были изготовлены четыре серии форм с разной высотой одинаковых функциональных частей. Результаты анализа полученных экспериментальных данных свидетельствуют в пользу второй гипотезы.
The article discusses the results of an experiment, aimed at studying relative stability of different functional parts of clay vessels. Two hypotheses are tested. According to the first hypothesis the stability of the functional part depends on its “expressiveness” or its relative height in the structure of the vessel. According to the second hypothesis the stability of the functional part depends on its location in the structure of the shape, i.e. the lower the part is located the smaller is the range of variations and vice versa. A special experiment was conducted to test them in the process of which four series of shapes with different height of the same functional parts were made. The results of the experimental data analysis support the second hypothesis.
WOMEN’S POTTERY IN THE MODERN INDIAN CITY
Authors: Холошин П.  Р. , Шарма Ш. 
Published: July 2023

В статье излагаются результаты обследования женской мастерской по производству традиционных глиняных печей-тандуров в г. Пуна (Ин дия, штат Махараштра). Производство тандуров оказалось тесно связано с гончарством. У мастериц зафиксирован навык составления формовочной массы по рецепту «глина + конский навоз + зола». Конструирование производится жгутами или лентами по кольцу с последующим выбиванием. Мастерицы владеют навыком изготовления сосудов с донно-емкостным монолитным начином. Для формовки используется каменный поворотный столик с подвижной осью. Готовые изделия подвергаются очажному обжигу, типичному для местных гончарных традиций. В результате исследования был сделан вывод, что даже в условиях урбанизации женщины из касты гончаров сохраняют наиболее архаичные черты домашнего лепного гончарства. Однако зафиксированные навыки труда находятся в неустойчивом состоянии вследствие экономического давления и интенсивных культурных контактов. Некоторые навыки, такие как обжиг изделий, использование поворотного столика, формовочная масса с навозом, вероятно, были привнесены в производство тандуров из местных гончарных традиций.
A survey of a women’s workshop for the production of traditional clay ovens (tandoor) was conducted in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Tandoor making was closely associated with pottery. The skill in making the pottery paste with the recipe “clay + horse manure + ash” was documented. The building was performed with coils or massive bands placed in a circle, with a subsequent beating. Female artisans preserved a skill in making proper vessels with the bottom to wall solid seed-body. A stone turntable with a rotating pivot was used both in tandoor and pottery making. The finished pieces were fired in an oven typical of the local pot tery tradition. A conclusion was made that, even in an urbanising world women of the caste of potters retained the most archaic traits of a domestic hand-building pottery. However, the skills recorded are in an unstable state due to economic pressure and intense cultural contacts. Some skills, such as the firing, the use of a turntable, and the usage of manure for paste, were probably transferred into tandoor-making from the local pottery traditions.
Do Leadership Structure and Team Trust Drive Organisational Performance? Empirical Approach
Authors: Onoriode Omorho Humphrey , Samuel Ajiri Peter 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Over the years, manufacturing firms have struggled to achieve maximum productivity because such organizations lack good leadership, work-team, and persons with the team leading skills to lead work-teams. The problem of leadership structure of work-teams in most Nigerian firms was the motivating factor for this research. Thus, the aim of this paper is to assess the effect of team trust and leadership structure on performance of manufacturing firms in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.

Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework is hinged on Self-Leadership Theory, which focused on participatory decision making, individual discretion and team work as important motivating factor and suggestions that will lead more committed employees who strive for greater efficiency and effectiveness.

Design/Methods/Approach: Two specifics objectives are considered; the first being team trust and the other being leadership structure. Using a descriptive survey research design, 534 respondents in nine states in Nigeria were examined to obtain their perceptions.

Findings: The results of the analysis indicated that the performance of manufacturing firms is dependent on team-work. In other words, acceptable and planned team-building had direct relationship with performance of firms.

Research, Practical and Social Implication: The study shows that team trust and leadership structure are major drivers of organizational performance.

Originality/Value: The value of the study is vital to manufacturing firms such that top management are advised to create teams whereby members should create increased trust among themselves by communicating openly and avoiding activities purely out of self-interest and reciprocating help from team mates for better results in manufacturing industries.
Assessing Economic Growth Quality
Authors: Navasardyan Michael , Mkrtchyan Tatul 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the quality of economic growth according to the stages of its generation and manifestation.

Theoretical framework: The use of quantitative estimation when exploring economic growth can lead to misinterpretation or inaccurate judgments, since the economic reality implies not only quantitative, but also qualitative components. The goal of economic growth, its planning and statement are not an end in themselves, they are aimed to improve the welfare of society. Its implementation implies an improvement in the qualitative facet of economic growth. To date, attempts to assess the quality of economic growth are mostly based on its social outcomes. With such an approach, we miss the formation process of economic growth, focusing only on its effects.

Design/methodology/approach: There are developed special indices for both economic growth generation quality and economic growth effects quality, based on macroeconomic and social indicators that play a significant role in the relevant process. These together, as subindices, form an economic growth quality index. The latter is calculated for 76 countries during 2005-2020. The following techniques and indicators are used in the process of the index calculation - normalization, percentiling, optimal lag length selection informational criteria, cointegration tests.

Findings: The research empirically confirms that the economic growth quality in the world manifests itself more steadily than it is being formed. Between the leaders and the countries in the last positions in index rankings, the drastic difference mainly lies in their productivity, expenditures on education and lending to the private sector through domestic credit.

Research, Practical & Social implications: The nature of the proposed economic growth assessment can serve as a baseline for further research studies in this context. On the other hand, the findings of this study can be used to analize the drivers and barriers to growth in each of the observed country.

Originality/value: The approach according to which the economic growth quality index is constructed gives an opportunity to observe economic growth not as a static indicator but as a breathing organism, describing the development process with detailed growth causes and consequences.
Background, Physiology and Ethics of Artificial Placentas
Authors: Zubkowski Ashley 
Published: July 2023

Preterm birth, referring to a baby being born before 37 weeks of pregnancy, is the leading cause of death in young children and is associated with many complications for the individuals who survive. The current intensive care treatment for preterm infants involves an abundant amount of medical equipment, physiological stressors, and ethical dilemmas. Many of these issues could be improved upon with the use of a fluid-filled sac that mimics the placental environment creating an artificial placenta (AP).
This paper explores the history of how animal models were used to test AP devices. The physiological stress that preterm infants experience being removed from a placental environment and being surrounded by life-saving medical equipment is highlighted. The paper also explores potential future uses and procedures involved in APs. It concludes with an exploration of AP bioethical considerations through autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice.
In summary, this paper attempts to compile an overview of AP technology through exploring the background, physiology, and ethical considerations involved.
Optimization of Friction Stir Spot Welding Parameters of Al6061T6 by Hybrid Approached
Authors: Mohammed Hussein Rasha , Fareed Hasan Sameh , M. Takhakh Ayad , Abdullah Al-Shammari Mohsin 
Published: July 2023

The most important way for joining the non-welding aluminum alloy is Friction stir spot welding. Three parameters effect on efficiency of welding: tool shape, rotational speed, and plunged time, are chosen to study for welding 6061T6 aluminum alloy. Each of the above parameters has three variables as: pin shapes (square, cylinder, and hexagonal), plunged time (50, 70,100) sec and rotational speeds (710, 1120, 1800) rpm hybrid approach which is consist of the experiment run, neural network and social spider optimization is used to optimize the welding conditions by finding the maximum ultimate force. The best condition of the weldments is (square, 710rpm, 100sec) with maximum shear force 4740N. The best results obtained from hybrid optimization with experimental results; with discrepancy of 2%.
Anemia Megaloblastik: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors: Jayawardhana I Ketut Wisnuaji , Kresnapati I Nyoman Bagus Aji 
Published: July 2023

Anemia megaloblastik merupakan anemia yang ditandai dengan membesarnya eritroblast di sumsum tulang sehingga menganggu pematangan inti sel dan pembelahan sel eritrosit. Kelainan utamanya disebabakan karena defisiensi vitamin B-12 dan asam folat sehingga sintesis DNA terganggu. Diagnosis anemia megaloblastik dilakukan melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Pengobatannya dilakukan berdasarkan etiologi yang mendasari. Semakin cepat didiagnosis, prognosisnya akan semakin baik. Penting untuk mengenali, mencegah, dan mengobati anemia megaloblastik.
Extraction of heavy metals from contaminated soils using EDTA and HCl
Authors: Gzar Hatem Asel , Gatea Israa Mohammed 
Published: July 2023

The present study examines the extraction of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) from a contaminated soil by washing process. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution were used as extractants. Soil washing is one of the most suitable in-situ/ ex-situ remediation method in removing heavy metals. Soil was artificially contaminated with 500 mg/kg (Pb , Cd and Ni ). A set of batch experiments were carried out at different conditions of extractant concentration , contact time, pH and agitation speed. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiencies of (Cd, Pb and Ni ) were (97, 88 and 24 ) % respectively using ( 0.1 M) Na2EDTA. While the maximum removal efficiencies using (1M) HCl were (98, 94 and 55)% respectively. The experimental data of batch extraction were applied in four kinetic models; first order, parabolic diffusion, two constant and Elovich model. The parabolic diffusion was the most fitted to the experimental data.
Shell and Double Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger Calculations and Analysis
Authors: Abdulmajeed Basma Abbas , Allawi Fadhil Abed 
Published: July 2023

This study concerns a new type of heat exchangers, which is that of shell-and-double concentric tube heat exchangers. The case studies include both design calculations and performance calculations.
The new heat exchanger design was conducted according to Kern method. The volumetric flow rates were 3.6 m3/h and 7.63 m3/h for the hot oil and water respectively. The experimental parameters studied were: temperature, flow rate of hot oil, flow rate of cold water and pressure drop.
A comparison was made for the theoretical and experimental results and it was found that the percentage error for the hot oil outlet temperature was (- 1.6%). The percentage errors for the pressure drop in the shell and in the concentric tubes were (17.2%) and (- 39%) respectively. For cold water outlet temperature, the percentage error was (- 3.3%), while it was (18%) considering the pressure drop in the annulus formed. The percentage error for the total power consumed was (-10.8%).
A theoretical comparison was made between the new design and the conventional heat exchanger from the point of view of, length, mass, pressure drop and total power consumed.
Performance Improvement of the Implementation of Concrete Structures in the Construction Sector In Iraq Using The Modern Management Technique “Six Sigma”
Authors: Al-Ajeeli Hatem Khalifah breesam , Mehdi Hassan Abdul-sahib 
Published: July 2023

The reality of the field of construction projects in Iraq refers to needing for the development of performance in order to improve quality and reduce defects and errors and to control the time and cost, so there is needing for the application of effective methods in this area, one of the methods that can be applied in this area is the manner of Six Sigma. This research aims to enhance the performance and quality improvement for the construction projects by improving performance in the work of the implementation of the concrete structure depending on the Six Sigma methodology, and for the purpose of achieving the aim of the research, the researcher firstly depends on the theoretical study that include the concepts of quality and the Six Sigma methodology as a system aims to reduce defects and improve the quality and secondly on the field study carried out by the researcher through conducting the open questionnaire that include interviews conducted by the researcher with a slice of engineers experienced in the implementation of construction projects that leads to design closed questionnaire included the major axes of the research and distributed on a selected sample of engineers with expertise in this area. The researcher applying the (DMAIC) methodology is one of the methods adopted for the application of Six Sigma on the case study (the project of structures laboratory at University of Baghdad) for the purpose of identifying the most important defects that may appear in the implementation of the concrete structure and assess the quality of implementation of the concrete structure and then analyzing the causes of these defects and propose procedures to enhance the performance and quality improvement depending on the field survey was conducted. The most important research conclusions are sigma level for the case study is 2.35 and the number of defects per million opportunities is 211905 and this Sigma level is very small which indicates the low level of quality for the case study.
Formal Characteristics of the Architectural Type of contemporary Mosques within the concept of Topology
Authors: Mahdi Nawar Sami , Mahdi Saba Sami 
Published: July 2023

Mosques could be considered as one of the most powerful architectural types throughout historical ages. With their highly symbolic formal legacy, Mosques play an essential role in providing the Islamic city with its special identity. Nevertheless, the advent of digital technology and its ubiquity at different levels of architectural design marked the emergence of new tendencies in the Architecture of Mosques, represented by various models added to the storage of this architectural type. Consequently a review of these tendencies would be needed, aiming at pointing out the formal transformations and new suggested characteristics.
The paper investigates the surviving and the disappearing formal components of the Mosque Type, and reviews the different ways they are contemporarily employed within the notion of Topology in Architecture. This is achieved through the study and analysis of several examples of contemporary mosques , with comparison to the development of the formal components undergone by the Mosque type.
Treatment of Furfural Wastewater by (AOPs) Photo-Fenton Method
Authors: Mustafa Yasmen A. , Omran Raid Raho 
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the treatment of wastewater contaminated with furfural. The AOPs investigated is the homogeneous photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe+2) process. The experiments were conducted by using cylindrical stainless steel batch photo-reactor. The influence of different variables: initial concentration of H2O2 (300-1300mg/L), Fe+2(20-70mg/L), pH(2-7) and initial concentration of furfural (50-300 mg/L) and their relationship with the mineralization efficiency were studied.
Complete mineralization for the system UV/H2O2/Fe+2 was achieved at: initial H2O2 = 1300mg/L, Fe+2 = 30mg/L, pH=3, temperature =30oC and irradiation time of 60 min, for 300mg/L furfural concentration. The results have shown that the oxidation reagent H2O2 plays a very important role in the furfural mineralization.
Cooling Load Calculations For Typical Iraqi Roof And Wall Constructions Using Ashrae's RTS Method
Authors: Joudi Khalid Ahmed , Hussien Ali Naser 
Published: July 2023

The present work is an attempt to develop design data for an Iraqi roof and wall constructions using the latest ASHRAE Radiant Time Series (RTS) cooling load calculation method. The work involves calculation of cooling load theoretically by introducing the design data for Iraq, and verifies the results experimentally by field measurements. Technical specifications of Iraqi construction materials are used to derive the conduction time factors that needed in RTS method calculations. Special software published by Oklahoma state university is used to extract the conduction factors according to the technical specifications of Iraqi construction materials. Good agreement between the average theoretical and measured cooling load is obtained and the difference between them does not exceed 9.3%.
Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer by Forced Convection in Channel with one-sided Semicircular Sections and Filled with Porous Media
Authors: Hammadi Mouwaffaq A. , Dawood Amir S. 
Published: July 2023

This research presents a numerical study to simulate the heat transfer by forced convection as a result of fluid flow inside channel’s with one-sided semicircular sections and fully filled with porous media. The study assumes that the fluid were Laminar , Steady , Incompressible and inlet Temperature was less than Isotherm temperature of a Semicircular sections .Finite difference techniques were used to present the governing equations (Momentum, Energy and Continuity). Elliptical Grid is Generated using Poisson’s equations . The Algebraic equations were solved numerically by using (LSOR (.This research studied the effect of changing the channel shapes on fluid flow and heat transfer in two cases ,the first: changing the radius (r = 0.25H , 0.5H ,and 0.75H) . and changing the distance between these radiuses (P = 3r, 5r, 7r,and 9r) . also the effect of changing the Reynolds number in (Re=50, 100, 150,and 200) is study .The results showing that the increase in the Radius , the distance between the sections and Reynolds number lead to increase the rate of heat transfer . and the presence of porous media prevents the phenomena of separation and vortex formation in flow.
Unity Sliding Mode Controller Design for Active Magnetic Bearings System
Authors: Raafat Safanah M. , Al-Samarraie Shibly Ahmed , Mahmood Ali M. 
Published: July 2023

Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) are progressively being implemented in a wide variety of applications. Their exclusive appealing features make them suitable for solving traditional rotor-bearing problems using novel design approaches for rotating machinery. In this paper, a linearized uncertain model of AMBs is utilized to develop a nonlinear sliding mode controller based on Lyapunov function for the electromechanical system. The controller requires measurements of the rotor displacements and their derivatives. Since the control law is discontinuous, the proposed controller can achieve a finite time regulation but with the drawback of the chattering problem. To reduce the effect of this problem, the gain of the unite vector term is evaluated as a function to state variables. As a result the proposed discontinuous controller regulates the state to the origin in a finite time in spite of the uncertainty in system model and the presence of external disturbances. These results are demonstrated via numerical simulations. In addition the chattering in system response in these results is within the acceptable range.