bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated streamflow measurements in high‐elevation Alpine catchments
Authors: Hofmeister Florentin , Venegas Brenda Rubens , Sentlinger Gabriel , Tarantik Michael , Blume Theresa , Disse Markus , Chiogna Gabriele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSalt dilution is a well‐established streamflow measurement method in creeks, which works particularly well downstream of turbulent flow sections as the mixing of the salt tracer is enhanced. Usually, salt dilution measurements are performed manually, which considerably limits the observations of rare peak flow events. These events are particularly important for constructing robust rating curves and avoiding large uncertainties in the extrapolation of streamflow values. An additional challenge is the variability of the river cross section, especially after larger discharge events, leading to nonstationary rating curves. Therefore, discharge measurements well distributed over time are needed to construct a reliable streamflow–water level relationship and to detect changes caused by erosion and deposition processes. To overcome these two issues, we used an automated streamflow measuring systems at three different sites with contrasting hydrological and hydraulic characteristics in the Alps. This system allowed us to measure discharge at nearly maximum flow of the observation period (2020–2021) at all three sites and to detect abrupt changes in the rating curve by performing event‐based salt injections. The uncertainty in the measurements was quantified, and the streamflow was compared with official gauging stations in the same catchment. Based on a very large dataset of almost 300 measurements, we were able to evaluate the reliability of the system and identify the primary sources of uncertainty in the experimental setup. One key aspect was the site selection for the downstream electrical conductivity sensors, as measurement location strongly controls the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the recorded breakthrough curves.
Social participation in science museums: A concept under construction
Authors: de Oliveira Bianca Hipólito , Bizerra Alessandra Fernandes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe term social participation is widely used and has various meanings in different contexts. This article aims to enhance the understanding of social participation in science museums. The research was conducted using a cultural‐historical perspective in six steps: (1) survey to identify the meanings attributed to the term social participation and actions considered participatory in Brazilian science museums; (2) content analysis with coding; (3) literature review on social participation meanings; (4) analysis and revision of categories; (5) survey for educators from Brazilian science museums to validate the dimensions emerged in the first survey; (6) final analysis: synthesis of the dimensions of social participation and proposal of a model. As a result, we recognized five dimensions that contribute to the concept of social participation in science museums: “access”—removing barriers to participation that promote social exclusion; “identity and diversity”—creating a multicultural space that examines and redefines oppressive and unequal relationships; “co‐creation and authorship”—fostering different forms of collaboration with audiences; “interaction and dialogue”—expanding opportunities for interaction with exhibitions; “exercise of citizenship”—empowering the audiences to participate in social change. Although these dimensions provide insights into social participation in science museums, limitations exist. These dimensions can contribute to developing museum practices that dialogue with communities and strengthen social participation in science museums.
Rational Design of Zincophilic Ag/Permselective PEDOT:PSS Heterogeneous Interfaces for High‐Rate Zinc Electrodeposition
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yang Shanchen , Deng Jie , Chen Ningxin , Xie Sida , Zhou Jiajun , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDesigning artificial interface is a promising strategy to protect Zn metal anode but achieving long Zn plating/stripping lifespans and efficient nucleation/deposition kinetics, particularly at high current densities, remains a challenge. In this study, a permselective zincophilic heterogeneous interface consisting of metallic Ag layer and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is designed via a simple chemical displacement and drop casting process. The artificial interface plays a multifunctional role in inhibiting dendrite growth/side reactions by reducing the nucleation barrier through a large number of Zn nucleation sites offered by the bottom Ag layer, homogenizing electrical field/Zn2+ flux and shielding SO42− migration via the compact, conducting, and Zn2+‐permselective PEDOT:PSS supporting layer. Moreover, the heterogeneous interface demonstrates enhanced structural integrity owing to the binder effect of PEDOT:PSS. As a result, the modified Zn anode demonstrates a cyclic lifespan of 200 h and a reduced voltage hysteresis of ≈150 mV at 20 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2, far surpassing its counterparts. Moreover, the protected Zn anode allows the LiMn2O4‐based full cells with remarkable rate and cycling performance. These findings provide new insight into the design of an efficient artificial interface for highly reversible and high‐rate Zn electrodeposition.
Whole‐Voltage‐Range Solid‐Solution Reaction in Layered Oxide Cathode of Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ren Meng , Zhu Zhuo , Liang Zhaohui , Huang Yaohui , Zhang Tong , Hou Machuan , Zhang Kai , Chen Zonghai , He Yushi , Ma Zifeng , Chen Jun , Li Fujun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLayered manganese‐based oxides (LMOs) are promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their versatile structures. However, the Jahn–Teller effect of Mn3+ induces severe distortion of MnO6 octahedra, and the resultant low symmetry is responsible for the gliding of MnO2 layers and then inferior multiple‐phase transitions upon Na+ extraction/insertion. Here, hexagonal P2‐Na0.643Li0.078Mn0.827Ti0.095O2 is synthesized through the incorporation of Li and Ti into the distorted orthorhombic P'2‐Na0.67MnO2 to function as a phase‐transition‐free oxide cathode. It is revealed that Li in both the transition‐metal and Na layers enhances the covalency of Mn–O bonds and allows degeneracy of Mn 3d eg orbitals to favor the formation of hexagonal phase, and the high strength of Ti–O bonds reduces the electrostatic interaction between Na and O for suppressed Na+/vacancy rearrangements. These collectively lead to a whole‐voltage‐range solid‐solution reaction between 1.8 and 4.3 V with a small volume variation of 1.49%. This rewards its excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 90% after 500 cycles) and rate capability (89 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1).
Mentoring to subvert racialized‐gendered spaces: Critical perspectives of black women academic administrators
Authors: Cobb‐Roberts Deirdre , Esnard Talia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlack cis/trans women faculty face many challenges that impact their access to and success within administrative positions. We use critical race feminism (CRF) to highlight the role of mentoring in subverting multiple axes of power Black women encounter along the pathway to academic administration.
Prediction using serum glycosylated fibronectin of imminent pre‐eclampsia in women with new‐onset hypertension
Authors: Sokratous N. , Bednorz M. , Wright A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Kametas N. A. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the predictive performance for delivery with pre‐eclampsia (PE) within 2 weeks after assessment in women with new‐onset hypertension at 24–41 weeks' gestation between serum glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn) concentration, serum placental growth factor (PlGF) concentration and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) to PlGF concentration ratio.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of 409 women with a singleton pregnancy presenting at 24–41 weeks' gestation with new‐onset hypertension. The recommended cut‐off for sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio for the prediction of PE in the platform used in this study is 85; the appropriate cut‐offs for GlyFn and PlGF were determined to achieve the same screen‐positive rate as that of sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio > 85. We then compared the predictive performance for delivery with PE within 2 weeks after presentation between GlyFn, PlGF and sFlt‐1/PlGF, both overall and in subgroups according to gestational age at presentation.ResultsDelivery with PE within 2 weeks occurred in 93 (22.7%) cases. The screen‐positive rate for sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio > 85 was 46.2%. The cut‐off corresponding to a screen‐positive rate of 46.2% was 75 pg/mL for PlGF and 510 µg/mL for GlyFn. The overall detection rate for delivery with PE within 2 weeks after presentation was 62.4% (95% CI, 51.7–72.2%) for GlyFn and sFlt‐1/PlGF and 60.2% (95% CI, 49.5–70.2%) for PlGF. In all women who delivered with PE within 2 weeks after presentation at < 34 weeks' gestation and in about 60–70% of those presenting at < 38 weeks, GlyFn and sFlt‐1/PlGF were increased and PlGF was reduced. However, the screen‐positive rate for these tests was very high at about 45%. The predictive performance for delivery with PE within 2 weeks after presentation at ≥ 38 weeks' gestation was poorer for all three methods of screening, with detection rates of 47–63% at screen‐positive rates of 40–50%.ConclusionsIn women with new‐onset hypertension, the predictive performance for delivery with PE within 2 weeks after presentation for serum GlyFn is similar to that of PlGF and the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio, but GlyFn may be the preferred option because it is a rapid point‐of‐care test. However, the predictive performance for all tests is relatively poor. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Coding the Data
Authors: Berthet Valentine , Gaweda Barbara , Kantola Johanna , Miller Cherry , Ahrens Petra , Elomäki Anna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNext to gathering qualitative data, coding of data lies at the core of qualitative research. The chapter is the first of two that dig into the specificities of data analysis. Coding is one way of organising dense data and making sense of it, for instance by identifying patterns. Whilst there exist various approaches to coding, this chapter presents a set of strategies to code dense interview, ethnographic and document data. Additionally, we present the technicalities of coding data collaboratively, as part of teamwork. Importantly, Chapter 5 yields important tips and concrete examples regarding the use of software tools for qualitative analysis, such as Atlas.ti and the intricacies of using it as a team. Specifically, the chapter discusses the initial stages of developing code listsin inductiveand deductive ways, the technicalities pertaining to actually coding the text of the data with Atlas.ti, and presents an overview of the advantages of some tools, such as creating code families, to make sense of the data. Throughout the chapter, we discuss the collaborative nature of our coding work by reviewing the pros and cons and by examining issues pertaining to intercoder reliability.
Inheritance Law in the Twenty-First Century: New Circumstances and Challenges
Authors: Klasiček Dubravka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the influence of technology on traditional components of inheritance. An increasing amount of social interaction takes place online. Consequently, people accumulate large quantities of digital assets. Some of these assets have a considerable material value, while others might have emotional value for the family of a decedent. They might also have historical value for society in general. However, from the standpoint of inheritance law, in many countries it is unclear what happens to digital assets after their owner/user dies. These assets represent a new type of “property” and few legislators around the world have regulated them specifically. The need to implement these assets into inheritance law is why it is important for law students to be familiar with the concept of digital assets, understand their categories, as well as the differences between them. The chapter also considers possible solutions on what will happen to them,post mortem. To map the landscape for the readers, the chapter divides digital assets into four comprehensive groups and explains what happens to each of these digital assetspost mortem. This chapter also lists the reasons why some of these assets cannot be inherited and possible problems with inheritance of those digital assets that are inheritable.
Right to Salary Benefit During Temporary Inability to Work Due to COVID-19
Authors: Tasić Anđelija , Obradović Goran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2020, the Government of the Republic of Serbia brought a non-binding conclusion that recommends employers raise the amount of salary benefit from 65 to 100% in all cases involving the contagious SARS-COV-2 virus, which differs from the general norm for all other medical reasons. This recommendation becomes binding only upon being incorporated in a relevant general act of employers (mainly those funded from the RS budget), and it does not depend on any additional factors: whether the employee is vaccinated or not, whether he/she refuses treatment without justified reasons etc. The main question of this paper is whether the different treatment between the employees infected only by one specific disease could be justified. Related to that question we are also wondering if different treatments can be conditioned by the employee’s behaviour in assessing his/her contribution to the contagion and the development of the disease. Finally, we are questioning whether it violates the principle of equality or the actual application of the good faith and fair dealing principle to those who deliberately or in gross negligence endanger themselves and others. To answer these questions, we refer to the relevant case law of the ECtHR, which finds itself competent to the question of vaccination under the scope of Article 8.
The Challenges Involved in Teaching About the Rule of Law as a Fundamental Value of the EU System
Authors: Cenevska Ilina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs the state of the rule of law continues to deteriorate in certain EU Member States, the EU is being presented with a unique challenge—that of protecting the value of the rule of law against internal systematic violations thereof. In the face of these ongoing developments, it has equally become a challenge for instructors at EU and non-EU universities who teach about the rule of law as an EU value to fully deliver the rule of law ‘message’ to their students. This chapter will firstly elaborate on the importance of the rule of law as a baseline principle of the EU framework, providing insight into the current state of play regarding the EU’s rule of law issues. Secondly, the analysis will weigh in on the most appropriate methodological approaches to be employed in the university-level instruction covering the fields of EU Law and EU studies more broadly. Thirdly, the chapter will specifically look into the most suitable and most effective methodological tools for teaching the rule of law as an area of study. Lastly, conclusions will be drawn about the ways in which instructors can improve the methodological toolkit they utilize when teaching about the rule of law as an EU value as well as a general concept, such that would allow students to internalize their knowledge of the different components of the rule of law and, as a result, be prepared to successfully apply this knowledge to practical, real-world situations.
Building Transversal Skills and Competences in Legal Education
Authors: Vlajković Marija , Dabetić Valerija 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAt the time when law graduates are facing new challenges in the constantly changing labor market, the main task of law schools as well as law professors is to educate undergraduates to become above all competent and ethical lawyers. Education should adequately prepare students for the working environment in or outside the legal profession. Curricula (including extra-curriculum activities), in addition to formal legal courses, needs to be enriched with continuous training to develop transversal competences. To meet this aim and to map the gaps of the current (traditional) model of law teaching from the students’ perspective, we have conducted a large-scale online survey with students at the Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade. The empirically obtained results, enabled us to identify and systematize the educational needs of law students that require further improvement. Having in mind that one of the main evaluation criteria of quality and success of the educational and teaching program is the level of graduates’ employability, an additional goal of this explorative research is to provide guidelines for the modernization of legal education, primarily in Serbia, but at the law faculties in the region as well.
Gendering Political Participation in Germany and Beyond: Should Quotas Ensure Gender Parity in Parliaments?
Authors: Giegerich Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe underrepresentation of women in parliaments indicates the political empowerment gap underlying the gender gap and is a symbol of their de facto inequality. Electoral laws that ensure gender parity are therefore on the agenda. This is also the case in Germany (both on the state and federal level) and in the EU in relation to the European Parliament. Gender parity laws typically require political parties to submit zipped lists with an equal number of alternating female and male candidates. The first two gender parity laws of German states were, however, struck down as unconstitutional by the state constitutional courts. According to the Federal Constitutional Court, the Basic Law does not require the enactment of gender parity laws, despite the constitutional obligation to promote the actual implementation of equal rights for women and men. But the FCC has not yet determined what limits the Basic Law may place on voluntarily enacted federal or state gender parity laws. The European Court of Human Rights has accepted gender quotas regarding electoral lists as permissible in the ECHR system. Soft law rules of the Council of Europe favour the use of such quotas. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination of Women supports and perhaps requires gender quotas in political representation.
Introduction
Authors: Krüger Maleika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe rise of globalization, the widespread use of technical devices, such as computers and smartphones, and the emergence of the internet have undoubtedly changed the media landscape and transformed our way of communication in all sectors of life. Today, the internet serves as a source for information and allows people to communicate on various platforms. In addition, it not only allows easy access to written material, but has also made it possible to access audio and audio-visual media content such as music, movies, or TV series.
Probing primordial black holes from a first order phase transition through pulsar timing and gravitational wave signals
Authors: Acuña Jan Tristram , Tseng Po-Yan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, we assess the sensitivity reach of pulsar timing array (PTA) measurements to probe pointlike primordial black holes (PBHs), with an extended mass distribution, which originate from collapsed Fermi balls that are formed through the aggregation of asymmetric U(1) dark fermions trapped within false vacuum bubbles during a dark first order phase transition (FOPT). The PBH formation scenario is mainly characterized by the dark asymmetry, strength of the FOPT, rate of FOPT, and the percolation temperature. Meanwhile, for PBH masses of interest lying within 10−10M⊙ − 102M⊙, the relevant signal for PTA measurements is the Doppler phase shift in the timing signal, due to the velocity change induced by transiting PBHs on pulsars. Taking the dark asymmetry parameter to be 10−4 and 10−5, we find that percolation temperatures within the 0.1 − 10 keV range, FOPT rates above 103 times the Hubble parameter at percolation, and FOPT strengths within 10−6 − 0.1 can give rise to PBHs that can be probed by an SKA-like PTA observation. On the other hand, the accompanying gravitational wave (GW) signal from the FOPT can be used as a complementary probe, assuming that the peak frequency lies within the 𝒪(10−10) − 𝒪(10−7) Hz range, and the peak GW abundance is above the peak-integrated sensitivity curves associated with pulsar timing observations that search for stochastic GWs. At the fundamental level, a quartic effective potential for a dark scalar field can trigger the FOPT. By performing a parameter scan, we obtained the class of effective potentials that lead to FOPT scenarios that can be probed by SKA through pulsar timing and GW observations.
Hot entanglement? — Parametrically coupled quantum oscillators in two heat baths: instability, squeezing and driving
Authors: Arısoy Onat , Hsiang Jen-Tsung , Hu Bei-Lok 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Entanglement being a foundational cornerstone of quantum sciences and the primary resource in quantum information processing, understanding its dynamical evolution in realistic conditions is essential. Unfortunately, numerous model studies show that degradation of entanglement from a quantum system’s environment, especially thermal noise, is almost unavoidable. Thus the appellation ‘hot entanglement’ appears like a contradiction, until Galve et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 180501 (2010)] announced that entanglement can be kept at high temperatures if one considers a quantum system with time-dependent coupling between the two parties, each interacting with its individual bath. With the goal of understanding the sustenance of entanglement at high temperatures, working with the same model and set up as Galve et al, namely, parametrically-driven coupled harmonic oscillators interacting with their own Markovian baths, this work probes into the feasibility of ‘hot entanglement’ from three aspects listed in the subtitle. Our findings show that 1) hot entanglement functions only in the unstable regimes, 2) instability is a necessary but not sufficient condition, and 3) the power intake required by the drive operating in the unstable regime to sustain entanglement increases exponentially. The last factor indicates that hot entanglement under this modeling is theoretically untenable and its actual implementation likely unattainable.
Tadpoles and gauge symmetries
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Fraiman Bernardo , Graña Mariana , Lüst Severin , Parra De Freitas Héctor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The tadpole conjecture proposes that complex structure moduli stabilisation by fluxes that have low tadpole charge can be realised only at special points in moduli space, leading generically to (large) gauge symmetries. Here we provide an exhaustive survey of the gauge symmetries arising in F-theory flux compactifications on products of attractive K3 surfaces, with complex structure moduli fully stabilised. We compute the minimal rank of the left-over non-abelian gauge group for all flux configurations within the tadpole bound, finding that it is always non-zero. It decreases in a roughly linear fashion with the tadpole charge, reaching zero at charge 30. By working out possible gauge algebras for different values of the tadpole, we find that all simple ADE Lie algebras of rank ≤ 18 appear.