bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a highly efficient n-CdS/p-AgGaTe2/p+-SnS double-heterojunction thin film solar cell
Authors: Islam Md. Choyon , Mondal Bipanko Kumar , Ahmed Tanvir , Pappu Md. Alamin Hossain , Mostaque Shaikh Khaled , Hossain Jaker 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, AgGaTe2-basedn-CdS/p-AgGaTe2/p+-SnS double-heterojunction solar cells have been designed and explored utilizing a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). This design manifestedn-type CdS andp+-type SnS as window and back surface field (BSF) layer, respectively with the AgGaTe2absorber. The major contributing parameters of these layers such as thickness, doping concentration level, and bulk flaws have been adjusted to reach the optimum computation. This introducedn-CdS/p-AgGaTe2/p+-SnS double-heterostructure solar cell demonstrates the significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 32.48% with the open circuit voltage, VOCof 0.96 V, short circuit current, JSCof 38.64 mA cm−2, and the Fill factor, FF of 87.31%. This remarkable efficiency is originated by the formation of a higher built-in potential at thep-AgGaTe2/p+-SnS heterostructure and a decrease in the surface recombination velocity brought on by the SnS BSF layer. This computational study demonstrates the potential of AgGaTe2as an absorber and SnS as a BSF layer, and pave the way for the AgGaTe2-based experimental research in the era of solar cells.
Quantized rewiring: hardware-aware training of sparse deep neural networks
Authors: Petschenig Horst , Legenstein Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mixed-signal and fully digital neuromorphic systems have been of significant interest for deploying spiking neural networks in an energy-efficient manner. However, many of these systems impose constraints in terms of fan-in, memory, or synaptic weight precision that have to be considered during network design and training. In this paper, we present quantized rewiring (Q-rewiring), an algorithm that can train both spiking and non-spiking neural networks while meeting hardware constraints during the entire training process. To demonstrate our approach, we train both feedforward and recurrent neural networks with a combined fan-in/weight precision limit, a constraint that is, for example, present in the DYNAP-SE mixed-signal analog/digital neuromorphic processor. Q-rewiring simultaneously performs quantization and rewiring of synapses and synaptic weights through gradient descent updates and projecting the trainable parameters to a constraint-compliant region. Using our algorithm, we find trade-offs between the number of incoming connections to neurons and network performance for a number of common benchmark datasets.
A mammalian cell display platform based on scFab transposition
Authors: Chang Jing , Rader Christoph , Peng Haiyong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In vitro display technologies have been successfully utilized for the discovery and evolution of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, with phage display and yeast display being the most commonly used platforms due to their simplicity and high efficiency. As their prokaryotic or lower eukaryotic host organisms typically have no or different post-translational modifications, several mammalian cell–based display and screening technologies for isolation and optimization of mAbs have emerged and are being developed. We report here a novel and useful mammalian cell display platform based on the PiggyBac transposon system to display mAbs in a single-chain Fab (scFab) format on the surface of HEK293F cells. Immune rabbit antibody libraries encompassing ~7 × 107 independent clones were generated in an all-in-one transposon vector, stably delivered into HEK293F cells and displayed as an scFab with rabbit variable and human constant domains. After one round of magnetic activated cell sorting and two rounds of fluorescence activated cell sorting, mAbs with high affinity in the subnanomolar range and cross-reactivity to the corresponding human and mouse antigens were identified, demonstrating the power of this platform for antibody discovery. We developed a highly efficient mammalian cell display platform based on the PiggyBac transposon system for antibody discovery, which could be further utilized for humanization as well as affinity and specificity maturation.
Investigating a Paradox: Toward a Better Understanding of the Relationships Between Racial Group Membership, Stress, and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Pamplin II John R , Rudolph Kara E , Keyes Katherine M , Susser Ezra S , Bates Lisa M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epidemiologic studies in the United States routinely report a lower or equal prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) for Black people relative to White people. Within racial groups, individuals with greater life stressor exposure experience greater prevalence of MDD; however, between racial groups this pattern does not hold. Informed by theoretical and empirical literature seeking to explain this “Black-White depression paradox,” we outline 2 proposed models for the relationships between racial group membership, life stressor exposure, and MDD: an effect modification model and an inconsistent mediator model. Either model could explain the paradoxical within- and between-racial group patterns of life stressor exposure and MDD. We empirically estimated associations under each of the proposed models using data from 26,960 self-identified Black and White participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (United States, 2012–2013). Under the effect modification model, we estimated relative risk effect modification using parametric regression with a cross-product term, and under the inconsistent mediation model, we estimated interventional direct and indirect effects using targeted minimum loss-based estimation. We found evidence of inconsistent mediation (i.e., direct and indirect effects operating in opposite directions), suggesting a need for greater consideration of explanations for racial patterns in MDD that operate independent of life stressor exposure.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.
Parallel origins and functions of T cells and ILCs
Authors: Jan-Abu Sia C , Kabil Ahmed , McNagny Kelly M 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue resident cells that are triggered through a relatively broad spectrum of alarmins, inflammatory cues, neuropeptides, and hormones. Functionally, ILCs are akin to subsets of helper T cells and are characterized by a similar effector cytokine profile. They also share a dependency on many of the same essential transcription factors identified for the maintenance and survival of T cells. The key distinguishing factor between the ILC family and T cells is the lack of antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) on ILCs and, thus, they can be considered the “ultimate invariant T cells”. ILCs, like T cells, orchestrate downstream effector inflammatory responses by adjusting the cytokine microenvironment in a fashion that promotes protection, health, and homeostasis at mucosal barrier sites. But also, like T cells, ILCs have recently been implicated in several pathological inflammatory disease states. This review focuses on the selective role of ILCs in the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and fibrosis in the gut where a complex ILC interplay has been shown to either attenuate or worsen disease. Finally, we discuss new data on TCR gene rearrangements in subsets of ILCs that challenge the current dogma linking their origin to committed bone marrow progenitors and instead propose a thymic origin for at least some ILCs. In addition, we highlight how naturally occurring TCR rearrangements and the expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules in ILCs provide a useful natural barcode for these cells and may prove instrumental in studying their origins and plasticity.
Point-of-Care Urine Lipoarabinomannan Testing to Guide Tuberculosis Treatment Among Severely Ill Inpatients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Real-World Practice: A Multicenter Stepped Wedge Cluster-Randomized Trial From Ghana
Authors: Åhsberg Johanna , Puplampu Peter , Kwashie Augustine , Commey Joseph Oliver , Ganu Vincent Jessey , Omari Michael Amo , Adusi-Poku Yaw , Andersen Åse Bengård , Kenu Ernest , Lartey Margaret , Johansen Isik Somuncu , Bjerrum Stephanie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay, Determine TB LAM (Determine LAM), offers the potential for timely tuberculosis (TB) treatment among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH).

Methods
In this cluster-randomized trial, Determine LAM was made available with staff training with performance feedback at 3 hospitals in Ghana. Newly admitted PWH with a positive World Health Organization four-symptom screening for TB, severe illness, or advanced HIV were enrolled. The primary outcome was days from enrollment to TB treatment initiation. We also reported the proportion of patients with a TB diagnosis, initiating TB treatment, all-cause mortality, and Determine LAM uptake at 8 weeks.

Results
We enrolled 422 patients including 174 (41.2%) in the intervention group. The median CD4 count was 87 (interquartile range [IQR], 25–205) cells/μL, and 32.7% were on antiretroviral therapy. More patients were diagnosed with TB in the intervention compared with the control group: 59 (34.1%) versus 46 (18.7%) (P &lt; .001). Time to TB treatment remained constant, but patients were more likely to initiate TB treatment (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.60–3.00]) during the intervention. Of patients with a Determine LAM test available, 41 (25.3%) tested positive. Of those, 19 (46.3%) initiated TB treatment. Overall, 118 patients had died (28.2%) at 8 weeks of follow-up.

Conclusions
The Determine LAM intervention in real-world practice increased TB diagnosis and the probability of TB treatment but did not reduce time to treatment initiation. Despite high uptake, only half of the LAM-positive patients initiated TB treatment.
Significant Association of Cutavirus With Parapsoriasis en Plaques: High Prevalence Both in Skin Swab and Biopsy Samples
Authors: Mohanraj Ushanandini , Konttinen Tuomas , Salava Alexander , Väkevä Liisa , Ranki Annamari , Söderlund-Venermo Maria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cutavirus (CuV) is associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), of which parapsoriasis is a precursor. Our study reveals a significantly higher CuV-DNA prevalence in skin swabs of parapsoriasis patients (6/13; 46.2%) versus those of healthy adults (1/51; 1.96%). Eight patients (8/12; 66.7%) had CuV DNA in biopsied skin, and 4 developed CTCL.
Copeptin in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: real-world experiences from a large prospective cohort study
Authors: Arjune Sita , Oehm Simon , Todorova Polina , Gansevoort Ron T , Bakker Stephan J L , Erger Florian , Benzing Thomas , Burst Volker , Grundmann Franziska , Antczak Philipp , Müller Roman-Ulrich 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The identification of new biomarkers in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is crucial to improve and simplify prognostic assessment as a basis for patient selection for targeted therapies. Post hoc analyses of the TEMPO 3:4 study indicated that copeptin could be one of those biomarkers.

Methods
Copeptin was tested in serum samples from patients of the AD(H)PKD study. Serum copeptin levels were measured using a time-resolved amplified cryptate emission (TRACE)-based assay. In total, we collected 711 values from 389 patients without tolvaptan treatment and a total of 243 values (of which 64 were pre-tolvaptan) from 94 patients on tolvaptan. These were associated with rapid progression and disease-causing gene variants and their predictive capacity tested and compared with the Mayo Classification.

Results
As expected, copeptin levels showed a significant negative correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Measurements on tolvaptan showed significantly higher copeptin levels (9.871 pmol/L vs 23.90 pmol/L at 90/30 mg; P &lt; .0001) in all chronic kidney disease stages. Linear regression models (n = 133) show that copeptin is an independent predictor of eGFR slope. A clinical model (including eGFR, age, gender, copeptin) was nearly as good (R2 = 0.1196) as our optimal model (including height-adjusted total kidney volume, eGFR, copeptin, R2 = 0.1256). Adding copeptin to the Mayo model improved future eGFR estimation.

Conclusion
Copeptin levels are associated with kidney function and independently explained future eGFR slopes. As expected, treatment with tolvaptan strongly increases copeptin levels.
IgA Determines Bacterial Composition in the Gut
Authors: Gupta Suman , Gupta Sneh Lata , Singh Aashima , Oswal Neelam , Bal Vineeta , Rath Satyajit , George Anna , Basu Srijani 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Classically, IgA in the gut prevents the invasion of microorganisms to systemic organs through the process of neutralization and immune exclusion. Interestingly, recent reports suggest that IgA might help in biofilm formation and promote bacterial growth inside the intestine.

Methods
In this study, we used flow cytometry, ELISA, and chemical models of colitis to test whether the quality and quantity of IgA can select for bacterial persistence in the gut.

Results
We found that members of Proteobacteria, such as γ-Proteobacteria and SFB, are preferentially coated by IgA in WT mice. In the partial absence of either T-dependent or -independent IgA responses, there are no significant differences in the frequency of bacteria coated with IgA in mice. However, Rag−/− mice that lack all antibodies had a severe reduction in Proteobacteria and were resistant to DSS-induced colitis, suggesting that secretory IgA might be essential for differential retention of these taxa in the mouse gut. Rag−/− littermates in the F2 generation generated from (B6 × Rag−/−) F1 mice acquired the underrepresented bacteria taxa such as γ-Proteobacteria through vertical transmission of flora. They died soon after weaning, possibly due to the acquired flora. Additionally, continued exposure of Rag−/− mice to B6 flora by cohousing mice led to the acquisition of γ-Proteobacteria and mortality.

Conclusions
Together, our results indicate that host survival in the complete absence of an IgA response necessitates the exclusion of specific bacterial taxa from the gut microbiome.
The contribution to policies of an exposome-based approach to childhood obesity
Authors: Vineis Paolo , Handakas Evangelos , Alfano Rossella , Millett Christopher , Fecht Daniela , Chatzi Leda , Plusquin Michelle , Nawrot Tim , Richiardi Lorenzo , Barros Henrique , Vrijheid Martine , Sassi Franco , Robinson Oliver 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Childhood obesity is an increasingly severe public health problem, with a prospective impact on health. We propose an exposome approach to identify actionable risk factors for this condition. Our assumption is that relationships between external exposures and outcomes such as rapid growth, overweight, or obesity in children can be better understood through a “meet-in-the-middle” model. This is based on a combination of external and internal exposome-based approaches, that is, the study of multiple exposures (in our case, dietary patterns) and molecular pathways (metabolomics and epigenetics). This may strengthen causal reasoning by identifying intermediate markers that are associated with both exposures and outcomes. Our biomarker-based studies in the STOP consortium suggest (in several ways, including mediation analysis) that branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) could be mediators of the effect of dietary risk factors on childhood overweight/obesity. This is consistent with intervention and animal studies showing that higher intake of BCAAs has a positive impact on body composition, glycemia, and satiety. Concerning food, of particular concern is the trend of increasing intake of ultra-processed food (UPF), including among children. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the impact of UPF on obesity and overweight, including nutrient intake (particularly proteins), changes in appetite, or the role of additives. Research from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort has shown a relationship between UPF intake and trajectories in childhood adiposity, while UPF was related to lower blood levels of BCAAs. We suggest that an exposome-based approach can help strengthening causal reasoning and support policies. Intake of UPF in children should be restricted to prevent obesity.
Relationships of GDF8 and 11 and Their Antagonists With Decline of Grip Strength Among Older Adults in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuko , Zhu Min , Moaddel Ruin , Palchamy Elango , Ferrucci Luigi , Semba Richard D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Although growth/differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), and their circulating antagonists, which include GDF11 and GDF8 propeptides, follistatin (FST), WAP, Follistatin/Kazal, Immunoglobulin, Kunitz And Netrin Domain Containing (WFIKKN)1, and WFIKKN2, have been shown to influence skeletal muscle and aging in mice, the relationship of these circulating factors with human phenotypes is less clear. This study aimed to characterize the relationship between plasma GDF8, GDF11, FST, WFIKKN1, and WFIKKN2 concentrations with the decline of grip strength in 534 adults, ≥65 years, who participated in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and had grip strength measured over time. Plasma GDF8 and GDF11 mature proteins, GDF8 and GDF11 propeptides, FST (isoform FST315 and cleaved form FST303), WFIKKN1, and WFIKKN2 concentrations were measured using selected reaction monitoring–tandem mass spectrometry at baseline. Grip strength was measured at baseline and at follow-up visits (median follow-up 8.87 years). Mean (standard deviation) grip strength declined in men and women by −0.84 (2.45) and −0.60 (1.32) kg/year, respectively. Plasma GDF8 and GDF11 mature proteins, GDF8 and GDF11 propeptides, FST315, FST303, WFIKKN1, and WFIKKN2 concentrations were not independently predictive of the decline of grip strength in men or women in multivariable linear regression analyses that adjusted for potential confounders. In conclusion, circulating GDF8, GDF11, and their antagonists do not appear to influence the decline of grip strength in older men or women.
Joseph Wulf and the Path Not Taken: The Turn from Writing Jewish History in Yiddish to Writing Nazi History in German
Authors: Smith Mark L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Before Joseph Wulf gained renown as a pioneering Holocaust historian in postwar Germany, he attempted to establish himself as a Holocaust historian in the Yiddish-speaking community of postwar France. In 1952, however, he left Paris and the world of his fellow survivors to settle in Berlin. Of the Holocaust survivors who turned to writing the Jewish history of the Holocaust in Yiddish immediately after World War II, only one—Wulf—turned yet again to become a German-language historian of the Nazis. The question is why. In addition to well-known personal factors, a close reading of Wulf’s Yiddish writings from 1946 to 1952 reveals the scholarly impetus for his departure: his approach to writing Holocaust history diverged in every significant respect from the already evolving norms of Yiddish Holocaust historiography—and pointed instead toward the new beginning he created for himself in Berlin. This article proposes, for the first time, to recover and discuss Wulf’s postwar Yiddish writings in the context of his contemporaries’ historical works in Yiddish.
Mid-term outcomes of non-resectional chordal foldoplasty for degenerative mitral regurgitation
Authors: Nakamura Ryota , Nakanaga Hiroshi , Fujii Hiromi , Tatsuki Suguru , Ota Mitsuhiko , Tabata Minoru 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate the mid-term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of chordal foldoplasty performed for non-resectional mitral valve repair in degenerative mitral valve disease with a large posterior leaflet.

METHODS
We reviewed 82 patients undergoing non-resectional mitral valve repair via chordal foldoplasty between October 2013 and June 2021. We analysed operative outcomes, mid-term survival rate, freedom from reoperation and freedom from recurrent moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (MR).

RESULTS
The mean age of patients was 57.2 ± 12.4 years; 61 patients (74%) had posterior leaflet prolapse, 21 patients (26%) had bileaflet prolapse and all of them had at least 1 tall posterior leaflet scallop. Minimally invasive approach with a right mini-thoracotomy was used in 73 patients (89%). The operative mortality was zero. There was no conversion to mitral valve replacement and postoperative echocardiography revealed no more than mild residual regurgitation or systolic anterior motion. Five-year survival rate, freedom from mitral reoperation and freedom from recurrent moderate/severe MR were 93.9%, 97.4% and 94.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Non-resectional chordal foldoplasty is a simple and effective repair technique for select degenerative MR cases with a tall posterior leaflet.
Key Risk Genes Identified From the Postmortem Brain of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Their Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Zhuang Qishuai , Wang Jingxian , Li Xiaobing , Zhang Xiaoning , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a type of emotional dysfunction, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Specifically, the key molecules in depression-related brain regions involved in this disease and their contributions to this disease are currently unclear.

Methods
GSE53987 and GSE54568 were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The data were standardized to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cortex of MDD patients in the 2 datasets. The DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. The STRING database was used to build protein–protein interaction networks, and the cytoHubba plugin was used to identify hub genes. Furthermore, we selected another blood transcriptome dataset that included 161 MDD and 169 control samples to explore the changes in the screened hub genes. Mice were subjected to 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress to establish an animal model of depression, and the expression of these hub genes in tissues of the prefrontal cortex was then detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We subsequently predicted the possible posttranscriptional regulatory networks and traditional Chinese medicine according to the hub genes using a few online databases.

Results
The analysis identified 147 upregulated genes and 402 downregulated genes were identified in the cortex of MDD patients compared with that of the controls. Enrichment analyses revealed that DEGs were predominantly enriched in synapse-related cell functions, linoleic acid metabolism, and other pathways. Protein–protein interaction analysis identified 20 hub genes based on the total score. The changes in KDM6B, CUX2, NAAA, PHKB, NFYA, GTF2H1, CRK, CCNG2, ACER3, and SLC4A2 in the peripheral blood of MDD patients were consistent with those in the brain. Furthermore, the prefrontal cortex of mice with depressive-like behaviors showed significantly increased Kdm6b, Aridb1, Scaf11, and Thoc2 expression and decreased Ccng2 expression compared with that of normal mice, which was consistent with the results found for the human brain. Potential therapeutic candidates, such as citron, fructus citri, leaves of Panax Notoginseng, sanchi flower, pseudoginseng, and dan-shen root, were selected via traditional Chinese medicine screening.

Conclusions
This study identified several novel hub genes in specific brain regions involved in the pathogenesis of MDD, which may not only deepen our understanding of depression but may also provide new ideas for its diagnosis and treatment.