bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of ALT In Type 2 Diabetics with And Without Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Malik Kausar , Batool Faiza , Meraj Lubna , Saddiq Shazia , Akbar Abrar , Mughal Hina Hanif 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the association of alanine aminotransferase in type 2 diabetic patients with and without fatty liver disease.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done for six months at Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zaid Al-Nahyan Hospital Rawalakot. In our study, we included all the patients who presented to the outpatient department (OPD) having type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their age, gender, height, weight, and duration of diabetes mellitus were noted. Their liver function test (LFTS), fasting blood sugar and HBA1c, and fasting lipid profile were also done at the time of their OPD visit and results were noted. They were given an appointment for an ultrasound abdomen from the radiology department for detection of fatty liver disease and the results were noted on the next OPD visit.
Results: Total study population was 90 patients and out of which 35 (38.8%) were male and 55 (61.1%) were female. 58 years was the mean age of our study population. Fatty liver was present in 50% of patients. ALT was raised from a baseline value of 36 in 61% of patients while fasting blood sugar was raised in 83% of patients. The mean fasting blood sugar was 208 mg/dl. ALT was not significantly different in patients with and without fatty liver disease. However, it was found that patients with uncontrolled blood glucose levels have significantly raised ALT which was also statistically proven as the P value was less than 0.05. Also, patients with high blood glucose have a higher incidence of fatty liver disease as compared with normal blood glucose level patients but the difference was not statistically significant as shown by a P value more than 0.05.
Conclusion: Fatty liver disease is more common in Type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood sugar. There is a high rate of raised ALT in diabetic patients whose blood sugar control is not optimum.
Frequency Of Raised Mean Platelet Volume In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome In HIT Hospital Taxila
Authors: Batool Faiza , Malik Kausar , Meraj Lubna , Tariq Khalid Mehmood , Iqbal Tooba , Zaka Neelum 
Published: July 2023

To determine the frequency of raised Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in HIT Hospital Taxila.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was at HIT Hospital Taxila. All the patients presented with chest pain who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Patients with acute coronary syndrome were included in the case group (ACS group). The patients included in the control group (non-ACS group) had chest pain without having ischemic heart disease or risk of ischemic heart disease. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28. To find out the correlation between the type of chest pain and mean platelet volume chi-square test was applied.
Results: Total 93 patients were included in this study. 51 patients were included in the ACS group while 42 were in non- ACS group. To find out the correlation between the type of chest pain and mean platelet volume chi-square test was applied. The results show a significant association between raised MPV and acute coronary syndrome.
Conclusion: Patients with raised MPV are at higher risk of acute coronary disease and complications related to it. It could be used as a predictor of ischemic heart disease and its complications.
A study on Emotional Intelligence & Empathy in Allied Vision Sciences Students
Authors: Shaheer Muhammad , Asima Rafique  , Zahid Kamal Siddiqui  , Ummarah Rasheed  
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To study the emotional intelligence and empathy in allied eye care workers.
Methods:
After ethical approval of study, a google form was developed which included Schutte’s scale and Davis Interpersonal index questions in addition to those related to basic demographic information. The proforma was sent via social media application (whatsapp) to study participants. Allied vision sciences students enrolled in bachelors program at various colleges/universities were included in study. A total of 150 students were invited to participate in this study out of whom 119 responded. Comparison of emotional intelligence scores based upon gender, year of study and boarder/non-boarder were done by applying Mann Whitney and one way ANOVA test.
Results:
Female responders were predominant (77.3%) in survey while majority (32.8%) of participants were in first year of study. When compared based upon boarder versus non-boarder, the sub scale of ‘’social skills’’ showed significant difference (p=0.017) with Non-Boarders scoring higher. Also, ‘’emotional regulation’’ scores were significantly higher (p=0.050) among second year students as compared to other years.
Conclusion:
Among allied vision sciences students, emotional intelligence significantly differs in some subscales when measured according to being boarder or not and year of degree program.
Occurrence of severe cognitive impairment in elderly individuals with poor glycemic control Vs elderly individuals with good glycemic control or no DM: a case control study”
Authors: Salman Basma , Jehangir Fatima , Jahan Aroosa , Aslam Saira , Ansari Nadra 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT:
Background: There is substantiatial corroboration that diabetes (both T1DM and T2DM) plays an essential role in predisposition to cognitive decline thus leading to dementia in both human and animal studies. (1,2,3). Hypoglycemia has been associated with the increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. (4). There is lack of data from our community to support this. We aim to observe occurrence of cognitive impairment in individuals aged 65 or above with poor glycemic control and compare it with similar age group individuals with no DM or good glycemic control. Frailty independently contributes to the cognitive decline. We also assessed frailty index and incorporated it into our result interpretation.
Methods: We conducted a case control study in the primary health care center of Ziauddin University from 1st December 2021 to 30th June 2022. Cases included 83 individuals 65yrs with HbA1c =7 and above and controls included 91 individuals 65yrs and above with HbA1c <7. Both groups were assessed for cognitive decline using MMSE score and CFS score determined their dependency status.
Results: Moderately uncontrolled Diabetes had highest association with severe cognitive decline(50%) p-value 0.000 and those who could not manage to do IADLS were severely dementic in our study( p-value 0.046). We also found DM to be associated with high frailty scores. Severely uncontrolled DM was associated with CFS of 5 meaning those who were dependent on others for instrumental activities of daily living. Those who managed well independently was associated with Pre DM in our study.( p-value 0.041)
Conclusion: Severe cognitive decline has high association with uncontrolled glycemic control.
Keywords: IADLS (instrumental activities of daily living), CFS (chronic frailty scale), MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment)
Prevalence And Morphometric Analysis Of Fossa Navicularis Magna In Dry Human Skulls
Authors: Tasleem Maria , Hina Mohtasham , Qureshi Fauzia , Aslam Imtiaz , Atta Iram , Tafweez Raafea 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Basiocciput is the part of occipital bone present on the inferior aspect of skull. Fossa Navicularis Magna-an osseous defect is a variation in normal anatomy of basiocciput. Lately few case reports presented this fossa as a cause of spread of infection from nasopharynx to brain resulting in meningitis and osteomyelitis.
Objectives: This study aims to find the incidence and morphometry of this fossa in Pakistani populace to avoid any misdiagnosis or misinterpretations.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on dry human skulls at King Edward Medical University Lahore. Fossa was measured in its transverse and vertical diameters and to locate the fossa its distance from various anatomical land marks such as foramen ovale, foramen Lacerum, carotid canal, occipital condyles, pharyngeal tubercle and posterior border of vomer was noted.
Results: The incidence of this fossa was found to be 5.3% in Pakistani population. Predominantly oval shaped, fossa measured 5.5 and 3.06 mm in vertical and transverse diameters respectively. It was 12.2 mm posterior to vomer and 5.9 mm anterior to pharyngeal tubercle.
Conclusion: This study is useful for radiologists and clinicians in avoiding any misinterpretations on radiographs and unnecessary investigations
Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Daily Versus Weekly Oral Iron Supplementation In Preventing Anemia During Pregnancy
Authors: Sadaf Maliha , Iqbal Khansa , Ahmed Saira , Sehar Mehak , Waheed Nabeela 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Daily oral iron and folic acid intake is recommended as part of antenatal care but adherence to this regimen, due to gastrointestinal side effects, interrupted intake of iron. Weekly oral iron therapy has been introduced as an alternative to the daily iron regimen.
Objective:
To compare mean hemoglobin and hematocrit in non-anemic pregnant females receiving daily oral iron versus weekly iron supplements in third trimester of pregnancy.
Material and Methods
This randomized Controlled Trial study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology of holy family hospital, Rawalpindi during 20th November 2019 to 20th May 2020. 70 pregnant females of 15 to 45 years, with singleton pregnancies, at gestational amenorrhea 14 to 22 weeks at the time of inclusion with hemoglobin level 11g/dl and above were included. They were randomly divided into two equal groups using SPSS, Group A (35) received daily oral iron and Group B, 35 received weekly oral iron.
Results:
There was no statistically significant difference could be detected between both groups as regards the hemoglobin level before starting iron supplementation and duration of supplementation and this can be attributed to proper randomization. Mean post treatment hemoglobin was 13.2±0.93 g/dl in group A and 12.9±0.95 g/dl in group B (0.118), mean change of hemoglobin was 1.07±0.34 g/dl in group A and 0.63±0.56 g/dl in group B (0.000), mean post treatment hematocrit was 35.857±0.87 % in group A and 32.857±0.91 % in group B (p 0.000), mean change of hematocrit was 2.942±0.59 % in group A and 1.000±0.00 % in group B (p 0.000).

Conclusion:
Weekly iron supplementation as a prophylaxis in non-anemic pregnant women is as good as daily supplementation as regards the hemoglobin level.
Perceptions and Performance of dental students using Conventional and Virtual Microscopy in Oral Pathology
Authors: Gulmina Saeed Orakzai  , Waqar-Un-Nisa  , Saima Irshad  , Nabeela Naeem  , Ammarah Afreen  , Zarah Afreen  
Published: July 2023

Virtual microscopy for showing histopathological slides have been in use for quite some time. This method of teaching is considered to be a good replacement for conventional microscopy using glass slides. This study was carried out to analyze the perception and performance of dental students regarding the use of conventional microscopic slides and virtual slides in relation to teaching and learning.
Material and methods: Eighty undergraduate dental students who had studies the subject of oral pathology as a compulsory subject at Watim Dental college were invited to participate in the study. Students not willing to take part in the study were excluded. The questionnaires were duly filled and test was taken by the students using either virtual slides or glass slides. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS 20.
Results: A total of eighty undergraduate students participated in the study. The results showed that dental students had a higher acceptance rate (all P-value<0.001) for cases taught via virtual microscopy and they out performed in cases shown on virtual slides (p<0.01).
Conclusion: In this study the students preferred teaching of oral histopathology via virtual slides over conventional glass slides and it also contributed more to their learning.
Keyword: Conventional microscopy, dental students, virtual microscopy, oral pathology
El trabajo no es una mercancía. Contenido y sentido del trabajo en el siglo XXI
Authors: Supiot Alain 
Published: July 2023

Ni en el desmantelamiento del Estado social ni en los esfuerzos por restaurarlo como monumento histórico se encontrará una salida a la crisis social y ecológica. Sí se dará con ella al repensar la arquitectura de aquel a la luz del mundo tal como es y como querríamos que fuera. Y, hoy como ayer, la piedra angular de esta arquitectura será el estatuto que se atribuya al trabajo.

Ante la bancarrota moral, social, ecológica y financiera del neoliberalismo, el horizonte del trabajo en el siglo XXI es el de su emancipación del reinado exclusivo de la mercancía. Las formas de trabajo que resisten al Mercado Total, como la investigación, no son “fósiles” destinados a desaparecer, sino la simiente de un régimen de trabajo realmente humano que contemple su sentido y su contenido, es decir, la obra realizada.
Organizzazione infermieristica nella presa in carico del paziente con massaggiatore automatico LucasÂ®: elaborazione di una procedura
Authors: Pugiotto F. , Biasuzzi G. , Tonello N. 
Published: July 2023

Lâ€™arresto cardiaco improvviso Ã¨ una delle principali cause di morte in Europa con una sopravvivenza del 2%. Il tempo Ã¨ prezioso nella gestione di questo tipo di eventi, la possibilitÃ di rimanere in vita, infatti, diminuisce del 50% dopo soli 5 minuti di no-flow. Per questo motivo Ã¨ fondamentale il riconoscimento precoce dellâ€™evento e lâ€™intervento tempestivo dei soccorsi. In alcuni centri specializzati Ã¨ possibile utilizzare il massaggiatore automatico per compressioni toraciche LUCASÂ®, che permette di eseguire un massaggio maggiormente efficace rispetto alle normali tecniche rianimatorie. Dopo il posizionamento di tale device, Ã¨ possibile procedere allâ€™Extracorporeal CardioPulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR), ovvero allâ€™impianto di unâ€™assistenza meccanica al circolo extracorporeo (ECMO) permettendo unâ€™adeguata perfusione degli organi in attesa di una diagnosi appropriata.
A randomised control trial study of early post-operative pain and intraoperative surgeon workload following laparoscopic mesh repair of midline ventral hernia by enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal and intraperitoneal onlay mesh plus approach
Authors: Choudhary Anil , Ali Shadan , Siddiqui Azaz Akhtar , Rattu Pawan Kumar , Pusuluri Rahul 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to compare the peri-operative outcomes, especially intraoperative surgeon workload and early post-operative pain, following midline ventral hernia repair by laparoscopic enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) approach and laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh plus (IPOM plus) approach.

Patients and Methods:
This single-centre randomised control trial study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2022. A total of 60 adult patients undergoing elective ventral hernia surgery with small- and medium-sized midline defects were included. Intraoperative surgeon workload and early post-operative pain were systematically recorded and analysed for each procedure.

Results:
Out of 30 patients assigned to each group, 29 patients underwent eTEP mesh repair and 27 patients underwent successful IPOM plus repair. The intraoperative surgeon’s workload, especially mental demand, physical demand, task complexity and degree of difficulty as reported and felt by the operating surgeon, was significantly higher in the eTEP mesh repair group compared to IPOM plus group (P < 0.001) with comparable operating room distractions (P = 0.039). The mean overall post-operative pain score on post-operative day 1 was slightly less in eTEP mesh repair (4.28 ± 1.12) group compared to IPOM plus group (4.93 ± 1.17), which was statistically insignificant (P = 0.042). The eTEP group had significantly longer operative time and length of hospital stay compared to the IPOM plus group.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed significantly longer operative time, higher surgical workload and increased length of hospital stay in the eTEP group with comparable early post-operative pain in both groups, thus making eTEP mesh repair a more difficult and challenging procedure.
The CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING IN ART & DESIGN: PAKISTANI TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Mohni Saif  , Ali Irha Ali , Rashid Dr Farzana 
Published: July 2023

Globalisation has demanded expert labour markets, diversified skills, and high levels of vocational education. To refine the skills and knowledge of the people is central to gaining and sustaining economic empowerment, particularly in the context of continuing globalisation. CBT is based on specific, measurable objectives related directly to instructional activities. In favourable situations and settings, The passage discusses the effectiveness of Competency-Based Training (CBT) as a training methodology, but emphasizes that it is not the only approach to designing training. It suggests that trainers and curriculum consultants should have a clear understanding of the concept and standards underlying CBT and other curriculum models to design more effective programs.
This study also highlights the significance of Art & Design Education and Training in the development of a country, and how CBT can be used to provide learners with the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitude. The success of competency training is said to depend on effective curriculum implementation.
This case study explores the challenges and opportunities of Competency-Based Training in Art & Design from the perspectives of Pakistani teachers.
Keywords: Globalisation, Workforce, Economic competitiveness, CBT (Competency-Based Training), Art & Design Education, Curriculum Implementation
THE IMPACT OF EXPLICIT TEACHING OF VERB COLLOCATIONS ON IMPROVING UPPER-INTERMEDIATE EFL LEARNERS’ WRITING SKILL
Authors: Moghadam Sajjad Poori , Pourmohammadi Majid 
Published: July 2023

Although impeccable development of collocation is of critical concern to second language acquisition, EFL learners may find it excessively demanding to deal. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of teaching verb collocation as an assimilated element of collocations on improving Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners’ writing ability via explicit teaching as the leading method. Results of numerous studies have shown learners’ understanding of collocations may highly depend on their levels of English language. In this study, first, 100 upper-intermediate candidates have been invited to meet the required standards accordingly. Then 40 participants were selected by conducting an Oxford Placement Test. A quasi-experimental design was applied with the steps of inquiring about the outcome, a pretest and subsequently a posttest administered based on MELAB paper-based writing test to assess their competence by the standards of the MELAB writing rating scale. The findings acknowledged the problematic elements and suggested rational solutions which may have further implications for syllabus designers, learners, and teachers principally.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0005/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND GROWTH: A LITERATURE REVIEW FROM 1990 TO DATE
Authors: Kostoulis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

<p>The aim of this paper is to study the concepts of foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth as well as the relationship between them through a literature review of papers published from 1990 until today. In order for better results to be achieved, the review is divided into three phases, each of them reviewing a different decade. In particular, the first phase reviews the period from 1990 to 2000, the second phase the period from 2001 to 2012, while the third phase the period from 2013 up to date. Prior to reviewing each period separately, we will elaborate on the two main concepts of the present paper. Finally, the conclusions of this paper will be recorded, which are very interesting, since there is obviously a significant correlation between Foreign Direct Investment and Growth over at least the last 30 years. Based on the literature, the scientific community seems to be particularly interested in the concepts discussed in the present paper. </p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL</strong>: F21, F43, F63, O40</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0001/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND PROFITABILITY OF LARGE-SCALE RETAIL SUPERMARKETS IN KENYA
Authors: Nyongesa Andrew Shitanda , Omondi Margaret Otieno 
Published: July 2023

<p>Capital structure decisions ensure that supermarket managers stipulate optimum capital structure for the organization. Despite the implementation of capital structure decisions, poor financial performance has plagued most of large-scale retailers for the past 20 years, forcing some to close some of its outlets. Uchumi supermarket, Tuskys supermarkets among other supermarkets have been making heavy losses leading to the closure of some of their branches. Uchumi has closed 3 5(95%) branches, Tuskys 61(95.3%) branches, and Choppies 13(87%) branches. According to an external audit report in 2020, Nakumatt owed creditors Ksh.38 billion yet the company gave over Ksh. 1 billion as interest-free soft loans to its directors. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of capital structure decisions on the profitability of large-scale retail supermarkets in Kenya. The study was anchored on the pecking order theory. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. A census sampling technique was employed where all the selected supermarkets were considered. Secondary data was collected from audited financial statements. Panel data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics comprised of minimum values, maximum values, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics consisted of correlational analysis and random effects models. The study findings indicated that capital structure decisions have a negative and statistically significant effect on the profitability of large-scale retail supermarkets in Kenya. This is supported by a regression coefficient of –0.3479 and a p-value of 0.000. The study suggested that the management of retail stores should balance between debt and equity financing to ensure an optimum capital structure that maximizes profitability.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL</strong>: O10; O12; L81</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0031/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN PLANTATION COMPANIES ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE 2018-2021 PERIOD
Authors: Ramadhan Imam , Sadalia Isfenti , Ayu Sri Fajar 
Published: July 2023

<p>This study aims to predict and analyze how the financial distress of companies in the plantation sector are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021 using the Altman modified Z-Score, Springate, Zmijewski and Grover methods and to test the accuracy of financial distress predictions by calculating the level of accuracy of each number of predictions and error rates from the Altman modified Z-Score, Springate, Zmijewski and Grover methods for plantation sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2018-2021. The data analysis method used was Altman's modified Z-Score, Springate, Zmijewski, Grover, and paired sample t-test. Based on the results of the assessment of financial distress, the most accurate method for predicting financial distress in plantation sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange is the Springate method with the highest accuracy rate of 85.00%, then the Altman Z-Score method with an accuracy rate of 57. 50%, the Grover method with an accuracy rate of 38.75% and Zmijewski with an accuracy rate of 17.50%</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL: </strong>Q10; Q13; M10</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0011/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>