bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effect of tangeretin against chromium-induced acute brain injury in rats: targeting Nrf2 signaling pathway, inflammatory mediators, and apoptosis
Authors: Sedik Ahmed A. , Elgohary Rania 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPotassium dichromate (PD) is an environmental xenobiotic commonly recognized as teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic in animals and humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of tangeretin (TNG) as a neuro-protective drug against PD-induced brain injury in rats. Thirty-two male adult Wistar rats were blindly divided into four groups (8 rats/group). The first group received saline intranasally (i.n.). The second group received a single dose of PD (2 mg/kg, i.n.). The third group received TNG (50 mg/kg; orally), for 14 days followed by i.n. of PD on the last day of the experiment. The fourth group received TNG (100 mg/kg; orally) for 14 days followed by i.n. of PD on the last day of the experiment. Behavioral indices were evaluated 18 h after PD administration. Neuro-biochemical indices and histopathological studies were evaluated 24 h after PD administration. Results of the present study revealed that rats intoxicated with PD induced- oxidative stress and inflammation via an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and glutathione(GSH) levels with an increase in brain contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6). Pre-treatment with TNG (100 mg/kg; orally) ameliorated behavior, cholinergic activities, and oxidative stress and decreased the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators; TNF-α and IL-6 with a decrease in brain content of chromium residues detected by Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometer. Also, the histopathological picture of the brain was improved significantly in rats that received TNG (100 mg/kg). Additionally, TNG decreased caspase-3 expression in the brain of PD rats. In conclusion, TNG possesses a significant neuroprotective role against PD-induced acute brain injury via modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and quenching the release of inflammatory mediators and apoptosis in rats.
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De psychologische aspecten van systemen met geautomatiseerde insulinetoediening in de type 1 diabeteszorg
Authors: Nefs Giesje 
Published: March 2023

samenvattingSystemen met geautomatiseerde insulinetoediening (AID-systemen) hebben de type 1-diabeteszorg belangrijke glykemische verbeteringen gebracht. Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van hun psychologische aspecten. Klinische en observationele studies vonden een toename in diabetesspecifieke kwaliteit van leven. Kwalitatieve studies beschreven een minder belastende zelfzorg, meer flexibiliteit en verbeterde relaties. Helaas zijn niet alle ervaringen positief, geïllustreerd door snel afnemend gebruik van het algoritme na de start. Hierbij spelen − naast financiële en logistieke redenen − ook frustraties met de technologie, problemen rondom het dragen van het systeem en het niet voldoen aan verwachtingen een rol. De systemen brengen verder nieuwe uitdagingen met zich mee, zoals wantrouwen in de beslissingen van het algoritme, afhankelijkheid van technologie en het 'verleren' van vaardigheden, compensatiegedrag om het systeem te overrulen of voor de gek te houden, en zorgen rondom het dragen van meerdere apparaten op het lijf. Toekomstig onderzoek kan zich richten op technologiegebruik in onderbelichte groepen (bijvoorbeeld mensen met een lagere sociaaleconomische status), het herzien van bestaande vragenlijsten gegeven nieuwe technologische ontwikkelingen, het adresseren van bias in het voorschrijven van technologie, het al dan niet integreren van stressreactiviteit in het algoritme en het ontwikkelen van concrete strategieën om mensen te ondersteunen in het gebruik van technologie. Een open dialoog met zorgverleners en andere mensen met diabetes over verwachtingen, voorkeuren en behoeftes komt de samenwerking tussen de persoon met diabetes en het AID-systeem ten goede.
Water Responsive Fabrics with Artificial Leaf Stomata
Authors: Lao Lihong , Bai Hedan , Fan Jintu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to fiber swelling, textile fabrics containing hygroscopic fibers tend to decrease pore size under wet or increasing humidity and moisture conditions, the reverse being true. Nevertheless, for personal thermal regulation and comfort, the opposite is desirable, namely, increasing the fabric pore size under increasing humid and sweating conditions for enhanced ventilation and cooling, and a decreased pore size under cold and dry conditions for heat retention. This paper describes a novel approach to create such an unconventional fabric by emulating the structure of the plant leaf stomata by designing a water responsive polymer system in which the fabric pores increase in size when wet and decrease in size when dry. The new fabric increases its moisture permeability over 50% under wet conditions. Such a water responsive fabric can find various applications including smart functional clothing and sportswear.
Graphical Abstract
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Ahmad Sirine , Alsaeed Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOpportunistic infections are well known complications of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection). Coinfections with fungi are prevalent, with aspergillus and candida infections predominating. However, the incidence of cryptococcosis related to COVID is on the rise. Here, we present a case of an 87-year-old man with COVID-19-associated pulmonary cryptococcosis. While corticosteroids were initiated upon his presentation and tocilizumab added during the disease, his clinical state deteriorated to the point where he needed mechanical ventilation. He had a positive tracheal culture for Cryptococcus neoformans. An antifungal medication was administered. Unfortunately, he passed away. Cryptococcal infection is uncommon in the immunocompetent population. Reported cases show an increase in the incidence of cryptococcosis in COVID-19-infected patients, which may be attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection itself and/or immunomodulatory medications.
Desert and Dissociation
Authors: BENNETT CHRISTOPHER 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTI argue against the idea of basic desert. I claim that the supposed normative force of desert considerations is better understood in terms of dissociation. The starting point is to note that an important strategy in spelling out the apparent normative force of desert considerations appeals to the idea of complicity. I argue that the idea of basic desert cannot give a good explanation of this connection. I propose that it is rather dissociation that is explanatorily basic. I further argue that dissociation is an expressive action. Dissociation from wrongdoing—expressed as distancing from the wrongdoer—is an expressive attempt to do justice to the significance of wrongdoing in a way analogous to the expressive attempt to thank someone adequately for doing you a favor. I draw on the idea of dissociation as an expressive action to explain why it should be that a failure to dissociate is a source of complicity.
Cooperative Ownership as a Health Justice Intervention: A Promising Strategy to Advance Health Equity Through the U.S. Childcare System
Authors: Libman Kimberly , Adler Sabrina , Musburger Pratima 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn their article “The Civil Rights of Health,” Harris and Pamukcu offer a framework connecting civil rights law to unjust health disparities with the aims of creating broader awareness of subordination as a root cause of health inequities and inviting policymakers to create new legal tools for dismantling it. They close with a call to action. Here, we take up their call and propose cooperative enterprises as a health justice intervention. To illustrate this conceptualization, we focus on childcare as a system with robust connections to social, economic, and health equity for children, workers, and families.
A Health Justice Agenda for Local Governments to Address Environmental Health Inequities
Authors: Miao Gregory , Michel Katie Hannon , Yuen Tina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores how structural failures in major federal environmental regulations —which set a foundation for environmental protections nationwide— have helped create many of the environmental injustices that people of color and low-income communities experience. It continues by examining how local governments have reinforced and compounded the failures in the federal environmental regulatory framework, particularly through local land use decisions. Although states play an important role in environmental policymaking, we propose that local governments are uniquely positioned to utilize a health justice approach to address environmental health inequities. This approach centers partnerships between frontline communities and local governments to develop just solutions that fill gaps within the federal environmental regulatory system and anticipate and mitigate the compounding effects of environmental health inequities.
INTRODUCTION: What is Health Justice?
Authors: Wiley Lindsay F. , Yearby Ruqaiijah , Clark Brietta R. , Mohapatra Seema 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHealth justice is both a community-led movement for power building and transformational change and a community-oriented framework for health law scholarship. Health justice is distinguished by a distinctively social ethic of care that reframes the relationship between health care, public health, and the social determinants of health, and names subordination as the root cause of health inequities.
Health Justice Through the Lens of Power
Authors: Michener Jamila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHealth justice is an aspirational north star for scholars, practitioners, and anyone who refuses to accept the status quo of profound inequity. But what does health justice mean? How ought we conceptualize it? There is no correct answer to these questions, but any robust rendering of health justice must account for power and politics. This article posits that the path to health justice requires political struggle taking (at least) two forms: (1) building power and (2) breaking power. Building power for health justice means cultivating the political capacity of people who are disproportionately harmed by health inequity, and who therefore have the most at stake. Breaking power involves weakening and destabilizing the economic and political forces that perpetuate health inequity. By surfacing and elaborating these crucial modes of political struggle, this article points to a way forward for achieving health justice.
Readability and quality of online patient health information on parotidectomy
Authors: Tan J Y , Tan Y C , Yap D 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveComplications of parotidectomy can have a massive impact on patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the readability and quality of online health information on parotidectomy.MethodThe search terms ‘parotidectomy’, ‘parotid surgery’, ‘parotidectomy patient information’ and ‘parotid surgery patient information’ were parsed through three popular search engines.ResultsThe websites were analysed using readability scores of the Flesch Reading Ease test and the Gunning Fog Index. The DISCERN instrument was used to assess quality and reliability. The average Flesch Reading Ease score was 50.2 ± 9.0, indicating that the materials were fairly difficult to read, the Gunning Fog Index score showed that the patient health information was suitable for an individual above 12th grade level, and the DISCERN score indicated that the online patient health information had fair quality. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference in Flesch Reading Ease and DISCERN tool scores according to website category (p < 0.05).ConclusionCurrent online patient health information on parotidectomy is too difficult for the public to understand, and it exceeds the reading levels recommended by Health Education England and the American Medical Association.
Die paulinische Rede von der Selbstversklavung in 1 Kor 9,19 vor dem Hintergrund jüdischer Identität im Sklavenstand.
Authors: Bühner Ruben A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPaul's reference to his adaptability to different groups in 1 Cor 9.19–23 is central to recent discussions about Paul's Jewishness. This paper argues that the crucial context for Paul's metaphor of self-enslavement (1 Cor 9.19) is not to be found in anthropological passages such as Rom 6 or Gal 5, but rather in the conditions of a slave's life in antiquity. This leads to an interpretation that combines essential concerns of a Paul within Judaism perspective with those of more traditional exegesis.
Use of split-course hypofractionated radiotherapy in palliative treatment of head and neck cancers: how does our regimen compare with others?
Authors: Singh Sankalp , Bisht Niharika , Sarin Arti , Vashisht Rekha , Lohia Nishant , Gupta Vikas , Trivedi Gaurav 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are some of the commonest cases requiring palliative radiotherapy (PRT) in an Indian radiotherapy practice. A variety of PRT protocols have been explored with varying success.

Methods:
The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a short-course hypofractionated PRT schedule in HNC patients in terms of symptom relief, tumour response, acute side effects and survival and to compare results with other PRT regimens. All patients received 30 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks followed by another 20 Gy in 5 fractions after a 4 weeks gap.

Results:
Seventy-five percent of patients completed both phases of treatment. Symptom relief was seen in 71% (pain) to 76% (dysphagia) of patients. Tumour response was recorded in 73% of patients. At 12 months, the mean overall survival was 10·29 months for patients who responded to PRT compared to 7·87 months for those who did not. Results were comparable to other regimens reported in the literature, but no radiobiological advantage of a higher dose was discernible.

Conclusions:
Short-course hypofractionated PRT is effective in reducing tumour burden and relieving symptoms in HNC patients and possibly in lengthening survival. Selection of any schedule should be decided by treating oncologists based on clinical, logistic and socio-economic factors.
The Entangled Phenology of the Olive Tree: A Compiled Ecological Calendar ofOlea EuropaeaL. Over the Last Three Millennia With Sicily as a Case Study
Authors: Ferrara Vincenza , Ingemark Dominic 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeasonal cycles in plants and animals drive key timings of human practices in an agrosystem like the best time for harvest, planting, or pruning. Within the framework of historical phenological studies, we attempt a reconstruction of the olive (Olea europaeaL.) phenology along millennia. Thanks to its extraordinary longevity, the olive tree is a living proxy from the past and embodies a still uncollected long‐term memory of ecological behaviors. A cultural keystone species, olive cultivation has more and more played a crucial role for biodiversity conservation, livelihood of rural communities and their enrooted cultural identity in the whole Mediterranean. By compiling traditional phenological knowledge from historical written sources and oral traditions, and using it as historical bio‐indicator of the linkage between human ecological practices and seasonal changes of plant behavior, we compiled a monthly ecological calendar of the olive tree covering the last ∼2800 years. As a case study, we chose a special place: Sicily, unique for its position in the Mediterranean, geomorphology and legacies in the form of cross‐temporal accumulated eco‐cultures. Such a sui generis ecological calendar provides an additional case study to explore the intertwining of plant behavior and human adaptation strategies and the interplay between cultural diversity, ecological disturbance and phenological stability. All of this, in turn, can inform action for the present and future sustainable management of these millennial trees.
Improving Wave‐Based Air‐Sea Momentum Flux Parameterization in Mixed Seas
Authors: Sauvage César , Seo Hyodae , Clayson Carol Anne , Edson James B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn winter, the Northwest Tropical Atlantic Ocean can be characterized by various wave age‐based interactions among ocean current, surface wind and surface waves, which are critical for accurately describing surface wind stress. In this work, coupled wave‐ocean‐atmosphere model simulations are conducted using two different wave roughness parameterizations within COARE3.5, including one that relies solely on wind speed and another that uses wave age and wave slope as inputs. Comparisons with the directly measured momentum fluxes during the ATOMIC/EUREC4A experiments in winter 2020 show that, for sea states dominated by short wind waves under moderate to strong winds, the wave‐based formulation (WBF) increases the surface roughness length in average by 25% compared to the wind‐speed‐based approach. For sea states dominated by remotely generated swells under moderate to strong wind intensity, the WBF predicts significantly lower roughness length and surface stress (≈15%), resulting in increased near‐surface wind speed above the constant flux layer (≈5%). Further investigation of the mixed sea states in the model and data indicates that the impact of swell on wind stress is over‐emphasized in the COARE3.5 WBF, especially under moderate wind regimes. Various approaches are explored to alleviate this deficiency by either introducing directional alignment between wind and waves or using the mean wave period instead of the wave period corresponding to the spectral peak to compute the wave age. The findings of this study are likely to be site‐dependent, and mostly concern specific regimes of wind and waves where the original parameterization was deficient.
Development of a Statistical Subseasonal Forecast Tool to Predict California Atmospheric Rivers and Precipitation Based on MJO and QBO Activity
Authors: Castellano Christopher M. , DeFlorio Michael J. , Gibson Peter B. , Delle Monache Luca , Kalansky Julie F. , Wang Jiabao , Guirguis Kristen , Gershunov Alexander , Ralph F. Martin , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Anderson Michael L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the empirical relationship between the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO), and atmospheric river (AR) activity and precipitation in California on subseasonal time scales. We introduce an experimental forecast tool that uses observed anomaly patterns during a 38 yr period to predict the probability of above‐ and below‐normal AR activity and precipitation at lead times of 1–6 weeks based on the phase and amplitude of the MJO and QBO. The hindcast prediction skill of probabilistic AR activity and precipitation forecasts is evaluated for Northern, Central, and Southern California, as well as two sets of smaller geographical domains. These smaller domains are more relevant for water resource management and allow us to investigate the sensitivity of prediction skill to domain size. Consistent with previous studies, our results demonstrate that subseasonal AR activity and precipitation in California are strongly modulated by the MJO and QBO. The anomaly patterns of AR activity and precipitation vary considerably throughout the cool season, with a tendency toward below‐normal AR activity and precipitation during easterly QBO and above‐normal AR activity and precipitation during westerly QBO in JFM. The opposite patterns are generally observed in OND, but the anomaly signals are weaker and less coherent for AR activity. Certain combinations of MJO phase, QBO phase, lag time, and season yield notably higher skill scores, reinforcing the notion of “windows of opportunity” for skillful subseasonal‐to‐seasonal predictions. In California, these forecasts of opportunity are predominantly associated with easterly QBO in JFM and FMA.
Dust Settling From Turbulent Layers in the Free Troposphere: Implications for the Saharan Air Layer
Authors: Rodakoviski Rodrigo , Kok Jasper , Chamecki Marcelo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDesert dust accounts for a substantial fraction of the total atmospheric aerosol loading. It produces important impacts on the Earth system due to its nutrient content and interactions with radiation and clouds. However, current climate models greatly underestimate its airborne lifetime and transport. For instance, super coarse Saharan dust particles (with diameters greater than 10 µm) have repeatedly been detected in the Americas, but models fail to reproduce their transatlantic transport. In this study, we investigated the extent to which vertical turbulent mixing in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) is capable of delaying particle deposition. We developed a theory based on the solution to a one‐dimensional dust mass balance and validated our results using large‐eddy simulation (LES) of a turbulent shear layer. We found that eddy motion can increase the lifetime of suspended particles by up to a factor of 2 when compared with laminar flows. Moreover, we found that the increase in a lifetime can be reliably estimated solely as a function of the particle Peclet number (the ratio of the mixing timescale to the settling timescale). By considering both the effects of turbulent mixing and dust asphericity, we explained to a large extent the presence of super coarse Saharan dust in the Caribbean observed during the Saharan Aerosol Long‐Range Transport and Aerosol‐Cloud‐Interaction Experiment (SALTRACE) field campaign. The theory for the lifetime of coarse particles in turbulent flows developed in this study is also expected to be applicable in other similar geophysical problems, such as phytoplankton sinking in the ocean mixed layer.
Strongly Depth‐Dependent Ice Fabric in a Fast‐Flowing Antarctic Ice Stream Revealed With Icequake Observations
Authors: Kufner S.‐K. , Wookey J. , Brisbourne A. M. , Martín C. , Hudson T. S. , Kendall J. M. , Smith A. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe crystal orientation fabric of glacier ice impacts its strength and flow. Crystal fabric is therefore an important consideration when modeling ice flow. Here, we show that shear‐wave splitting (SWS) measured with glacial microseismicity can be used to invert seismic anisotropy and ice fabric, if represented in a statistical sense. Rutford Ice Stream (RIS) is a fast‐flowing Antarctic ice stream, a setting crucial for informing large‐scale ice sheet models. We present >200,000 SWS measurements from glacial microseismicity, registered at a 38‐station seismic network located ∼40 km upstream of the grounding line. A representative subset of these data is inverted for ice fabric. Due to the character of SWS, which accumulates along the raypath, we include information on the depth structure from radar measurements. We find that the following three‐layer configuration fits the data best: a broad vertical cone fabric near the base of RIS (500 m thick), a thick vertical girdle fabric, orientated perpendicular to flow, in the middle (1,200 m thick), and a tilted cone fabric in the uppermost 400 m. Such a variation of fabric implies a depth‐dependent strength profile of the ice with the middle layer being ∼3.5 times harder to deform along flow than across flow. At the same time, the middle layer is a factor ∼16 softer to shear than to compression or extension along flow. If such a configuration is representative for fast‐flowing ice streams, it would call for a more complex integration of viscosity in ice sheet models.