bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning for the detection of social anxiety disorder using effective connectivity and graph theory measures
Authors: Al-Ezzi Abdulhakim , Kamel Nidal , Al-Shargabi Amal A. , Al-Shargie Fares , Al-Shargabi Alaa , Yahya Norashikin , Al-Hiyali Mohammed Isam 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe early diagnosis and classification of social anxiety disorder (SAD) are crucial clinical support tasks for medical practitioners in designing patient treatment programs to better supervise the progression and development of SAD. This paper proposes an effective method to classify the severity of SAD into different grading (severe, moderate, mild, and control) by using the patterns of brain information flow with their corresponding graphical networks.MethodsWe quantified the directed information flow using partial directed coherence (PDC) and the topological networks by graph theory measures at four frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta). The PDC assesses the causal interactions between neuronal units of the brain network. Besides, the graph theory of the complex network identifies the topological structure of the network. Resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded for 66 patients with different severities of SAD (22 severe, 22 moderate, and 22 mild) and 22 demographically matched healthy controls (HC).ResultsPDC results have found significant differences between SAD groups and HCs in theta and alpha frequency bands (p &lt; 0.05). Severe and moderate SAD groups have shown greater enhanced information flow than mild and HC groups in all frequency bands. Furthermore, the PDC and graph theory features have been used to discriminate three classes of SAD from HCs using several machine learning classifiers. In comparison to the features obtained by PDC, graph theory network features combined with PDC have achieved maximum classification performance with accuracy (92.78%), sensitivity (95.25%), and specificity (94.12%) using Support Vector Machine (SVM).DiscussionBased on the results, it can be concluded that the combination of graph theory features and PDC values may be considered an effective tool for SAD identification. Our outcomes may provide new insights into developing biomarkers for SAD diagnosis based on topological brain networks and machine learning algorithms.
Effects of media exposure on PTSD symptoms in college students during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Li , Wen Zhu , Yu Wen-Bo 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the influence of media on college students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAfter the COVID-19 outbreak, we used cross-sectional surveys through online questionnaires to investigate the mental health of college students in lockdown at home. We identified the influencing factors of PTSD symptoms using the Chi-Square test and ordinal logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn 10,989 valid questionnaires, 9,906 college students with no PTSD symptoms, 947 college students with subclinical PTSD symptoms (1–3 items), and 136 college students with four or more PTSD symptoms were screened out. The results showed that media content impacted the mental health of college students in lockdown at home. Positive media content was negatively correlated with PTSD symptoms among college students. PTSD symptoms were not associated with sources of information. Moreover, College students with PTSD symptoms would reduce their willingness to learn and could not complete online learning efficiently.ConclusionPTSD symptoms are related to media exposure and excessive information involvement of COVID-19 in college students, which influences the willingness to attend online classes.
Cardiovascular disease risk perception among community adults in South China: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Guo Zhiting , Yuan Yong , Fu Yujia , Cui Nianqi , Yu Qunfei , Guo Erling , Ding Chuanqi , Zhang Yuping , Jin Jingfen 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveRisk perception, a critical psychological construct, influences health behavior modification and maintenance of individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Little is known about CVD risk perception among Chinese adults. This research examined the profiles of CVD risk perception of community adults in South China, and explored the characteristics and factors that influence their perception of CVD risk.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, in South China from March to July 2022 and included 692 participants. Risk perception was assessed using the Chinese version of the Attitude and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to extract latent classes of CVD risk perception. These classes of CVD risk perception were compared with 10-year CVD risk categories to define correctness of estimation. Chi-square tests and multinomial regression analyses were used to identify differences between these categories.ResultsThree CVD risk perception classes were identified by LPA: low risk perception (14.2% of participants), moderate risk perception (46.8%), high risk perception (39.0%). Individuals who were aged with 40–60 year (OR = 6.94, 95% CI = 1.86–25.84), diabetes (OR = 6.26, 95% CI = 1.34–29.17), married (OR = 4.52, 95% CI = 2.30–8.90), better subjective health status (OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.15–9.10) and perceived benefits and intention to change physical activity (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05–1.27) were more likely to be in the high-risk perception class. Compared to absolute 10-year CVD risk based on China-PAR, a third of participants (30.1%) correctly estimated their CVD risk, 63.3% overestimated it and 6.6% underestimated it. CVD risk underestimation was associated with hypertension (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.79–8.54), drinking (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.22–7.64), better subjective health status (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.18–6.03).ConclusionsMost adults in South China possess a moderate level of CVD risk perception. Advanced age, higher monthly income, diabetes and better health status were significantly related to higher perceived CVD risk. Individuals with hypertension, drinking and better subjective health status were associated with CVD risk underestimation. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the indicators for different classes and identify underestimation group as early as possible.
Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Luoyang, China
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Hou Yi , Guo Tengfei , Jiang Tao , Xu Liang , Hu Hongxia , Zhao Zhanqin , Xue Yun 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Luoyang, China, identify related risk factors, inform clinical practices, and establish standardized anti-tubercular treatment regimens.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of high-resolution melting curve (HRM) data from 17,773 cases (2,748 of which were positive) between June 2019 and May 2022 to assess the prevalence of MDR-TB and to identify its associated risk factors.ResultsBetween June 2019 and May 2022, out of the 17,773 HRM results, 2,748 were HRM-positive, and 312 were MDR-TB cases. The detection rates for HRM-positive and MDR-TB were 17.0 and 12.1% for males, and 12.4 and 8.2% for females, respectively. The MDR-TB detection rate was higher in the urban areas (14.6%) than in the rural areas (10.6%) and more common among individuals under 51 years of age (14.1%) than those over 50 years of age (9.3%). Notably, the rate of detecting MDR-TB was 18.3% higher in new male patients than in new female patients, which was at 10.6%, and this difference was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the rate of MDR detection in females who had received anti-tuberculosis treatment (21.3%) was higher than that in males (16.9%). In the multivariate model that considered the results of the sputum smear and detection time, MDR-TB was positively correlated with a history of tuberculosis (TB) treatment, being male, being younger than 51 years, and living in urban areas.ConclusionLocal TB infections are complex and diverse; therefore, more comprehensive monitoring methods are needed to curb the spread of MDR-TB.
Social determinants of ambulatory care sensitive conditions: a qualitative meta-synthesis based on patient perspectives
Authors: Chen Hsueh-Fen , Lin Hung-Ru 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundHospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) are preventable but cost billions in modern countries. The objective of the study is to use a meta-synthesis approach based on patients' narratives from qualitative studies to reveal why individuals are at risk of ACSC hospitalizations or ED visits.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were utilized to identify qualified qualitative studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis were used for reporting the review. The thematic synthesis was used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong 324 qualified studies, nine qualitative studies comprising 167 unique individual patients were selected based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Through the meta-synthesis, we identified the core theme, four major themes, and the corresponding subthemes. Poor disease management, the core theme, turns individuals at risk of ACSC hospitalizations or ED visits. The four major themes contribute to poor disease management, including difficulties in approaching health services, non-compliance with medications, difficulties in managing the disease at home, and poor relationships with providers. Each major theme comprised 2–4 subthemes. The most cited subthemes are relative to upstream social determinants, such as financial constraints, inaccessible health care, low health literacy, psychosocial or cognitive constraints.ConclusionWithout addressing upstream social determinants, socially vulnerable patients are unlikely to manage their disease well at home even though they know how to do it and are willing to do it.Trial registrationNational Library of Medicine, with ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT05456906. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05456906.
Socioeconomic inequalities in health-related fitness gradient shifts between 2001 and 2022 in young Polish adults
Authors: Domaradzki Jarosław , Koźlenia Dawid , Kochan-Jacheć Katarzyna , Szkudlarek Paweł , Fugiel Jarosław 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the importance of socioeconomic status (SES) on health-related fitness (H-RF) measurements in young adults and determine the impact of SES over 20 years of substantial social and economic changes in Poland.Material and methodsThe study compared H-RF differences between 2001 (P1) and 2022 (P2) in 252 volunteers aged 18 to 28 years who were grouped into quartiles based on SES and gender. The variables measured included height, weight, body mass index, body fat mass, hand strength (hand grip), abdomen strength (sit-ups), flexibility (sit and reach), and leg power (standing long jump), with a synthetic motor performance index (MPSI) calculated for each participant.ResultsHealth-related differences based on social inequalities included body fat mass and MPSI, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed an interaction between SES and period on motor performance (F = 2.73, p = 0.045). In addition, post-hoc tests revealed differences in P1 between SES quartiles one and two (p = 0.028). Over the last 20 years, physical fitness decreased and body fat increased. The regression slope showed decreased motor performance with higher amounts of body fat in P2 subjects compared to their P1 peers.ConclusionThe observed trends may be associated with lifestyle changes shaped by technology development, high-energy and low-quality food access, and increased physical inactivity.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chlamydia infection in South Korea: a comparison between the pre-pandemic and during-pandemic periods
Authors: Chiara Achangwa , Ryu Sukhyun , Jung Jae-Heon , Hwang Se-Min 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPrior to COVID-19 pandemic, a yearly upward trajectory in the number of chlamydia infection cases was observed in South Korea. However, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Korea implemented several public health and social measures, which were shown to have an impact on the epidemiology of other infectious diseases. This study aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence and number of reported chlamydia infections in South Korea.MethodsUsing the monthly number of reported chlamydia infection data between 2017 and 2022, we compared the trends in the reported numbers, and the incidence rates (IR) of chlamydia infection stratified by demographic characteristics (sex, age group, and region) in the pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic period (January 2017–December 2019 and January 2020–December 2022).ResultsWe observed an irregular downward trajectory in the number of chlamydia infection in the during-pandemic period. A 30% decrease in the total number of chlamydia infection was estimated in the during-pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period, with the decrease greater among males (35%) than females (25%). In addition, there was a decrease in the cumulative incidence rate of the during COVID-19 pandemic period (IR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.42–0.44) compared to the pre-pandemic period (IR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.59–0.61).ConclusionsWe identified decrease in the number of chlamydia infection during COVID-19 pandemic which is likely due to underdiagnosis and underreporting for the infection. Therefore, strengthening surveillance for sexually transmitted infections including chlamydia is warranted for an effective and timely response in case of an unexpected rebound in the number of the infections.
The Vietnamese version of the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST) - A preliminary study of validity and inter-rater reliability
Authors: Mackenzie Lynette , Le Van Thanh , Nguyen Doan Mai Ngoc , Dao Thy Hoang Phuong 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe Vietnamese Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST) was developed to measure the number of home hazards present in the homes of older Vietnamese people and the risk of falls.MethodsThe HOME FAST and the HOME FAST manual were translated into Vietnamese by an independent translator and underwent backward translation by local health professionals into English to evaluate the accuracy of the translation. A panel of 14 Vietnamese health professionals evaluated the validity of the HOME FAST translation and rated the clarity and cultural relevance of each item. Ratings were evaluated using the content validity index (CVI). Reliability in ratings of the HOME FAST was evaluated using intra-class correlations (ICC), and ratings took place within the homes of two older Vietnamese people by six assessors.ResultsIn all, 22 out of 25 Vietnamese HOME FAST items were considered to have met content validity standards using the CVI. The ICC for home visit one was 0.94 (95% CI 0.87–0.97) and for home visit two was ICC 0.95 (95% CI 0.91–0.98) indicating high reliability.Discussion and conclusionBathroom items showed the most inconsistency in ratings indicating cultural differences in bathing activities. Descriptors of HOME FAST items will be reviewed for use in Vietnam to account for cultural and environmental differences. A larger pilot study is planned with older people living in the community in Vietnam to include calendar ascertainment of falls to determine if home hazards are associated with falling.
Increase in driving after cocaine use in Spain: a cross-sectional dataset analysis for 2021
Authors: García-Mingo Mercedes , Martín-Fernández Marta , Gutiérrez-Abejón Eduardo , Álvarez F. Javier 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveDriving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs impairs skills essential for safe driving, increases the risk of being involved in a traffic accident and is particularly prevalent in Spain. The aim is to assess the prevalence of positive substance driving cases, what factors may be associated with driving after substance use, and the evolution of the progress in the prevalence of drug use among drivers in drivers based on the 2008, 2013, 2018, and 2021 studies.Study design and settingThe present study was conducted in a representative sample of Spanish drivers in 2021 for alcohol (breath) and psychoactive substances [oral fluid (OF)]. The sample size was 2980 drivers, mostly males (76.5%) with a mean age of 41.35 ± 13.34 years.ResultsIn 2021, 9.3% of drivers tested positive for alcohol and/or drugs. The presence of alcohol alone was observed in 4.2% of drivers, alcohol and another substance in 0.3%, a single drug in 4.4%, and two or drugs other than alcohol in 0.4%. Overall, cocaine cases were the highest registered in 2021 (2.4%), while cannabis (1.9%) and polydrug cases (0.7%) were the lowest, with respect to the 2008/2013/2018 studies.ConclusionsAccording to our research, in 2021, 9 out of 100 drivers were detected to have some substance in their system. This prevalence remains unacceptably high in Spain, with a marked increase in the frequency of driving after cocaine use. Further interventions and measures must be taken to avoid driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs.
Incidence and risk factors of postoperative acute pancreatitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Zhouyu , Zong Kezhen , Zhou Baoyong , Yin Kunli , Zhang Anlan , Li Ming 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPostoperative acute pancreatitis (POAP) is a specific complication after pancreatectomy. The acute inflammatory response of the residual pancreas may affect the healing of pancreatoenteric anastomoses, leading to postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs), abdominal infections, and even progressive systemic reactions, conditions that negatively affect patients' prognoses and can cause death. However, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic reviews or meta-analytic studies have assessed the incidence and risk factors of POAP after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).MethodWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant literature describing the outcomes of POAP after PD until November 25, 2022, and we used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of the studies. Next, we pooled the incidence of POAP and the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risk factors using a random-effect meta-analysis. I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies.ResultsWe analyzed data from 7,164 patients after PD from 23 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this study. The subgroup results of the meta-analysis by different POAP diagnostic criteria showed that the incidences of POAP were 15% (95% CI, 5–38) in the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery group, 51% (95% CI, 42–60) in the Connor group, 7% (95% CI, 2–24) in the Atlanta group, and 5% (95% CI, 2–14) in the unclear group. Being a woman [OR (1.37, 95% CI, 1.06–1.77)] or having a soft pancreatic texture [OR (2.56, 95% CI, 1.70–3.86)] were risk factors of POAP after PD.ConclusionThe results showed that POAP was common after PD, and its incidence varied widely according to different definitions. Large-scale reports are still needed, and surgeons should remain aware of this complication.Systematic Review Registrationidentifier: CRD42022375124.
Risk factors for atrial fibrillation in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guglielmini Carlo , Valente Carlotta , Romito Giovanni , Mazzoldi Chiara , Baron Toaldo Marco , Goncalves Sousa Marlos , Wolf Marcela , Beluque Tamyris , Domenech Oriol , Patata Valentina , Porciello Francesco , Ferrari Paolo , Caivano Domenico , Contiero Barbara , Poser Helen 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) frequently affects large-breed dogs. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for the development of atrial fibrillation in dogs of different breeds with an echocardiographic diagnosis of DCM.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study, we searched the electronic databases of five cardiology referral centers for dogs with an echocardiographic diagnosis of DCM. A comparison of clinical and echocardiographic variables was performed between dogs developing atrial fibrillation and those not developing atrial fibrillation and the ability to distinguish between these two groups of dogs was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis estimated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of developing atrial fibrillation.ResultsWe included 89 client-owned dogs with occult and overt echocardiographic DCM. Of these, 39 dogs (43.8%) had atrial fibrillation, 29 dogs (32.6%) maintained a sinus rhythm, and 21 dogs (23.6%) showed other cardiac arrhythmias. Left atrial diameter had high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.816, 95% CI = 0.719–0.890) to predict the development of atrial fibrillation at the cut-off of &gt;4.66 cm. After multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis, only increased left atrial diameter (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.87–6.87; p &lt; 0.001) and presence of right atrial enlargement (OR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.35–11.97; p = 0.013) were significant predictors of atrial fibrillation development.DiscussionAtrial fibrillation is a common complication of DCM in the dog and is significantly associated with increased absolute left atrial diameter and right atrial enlargement.
La crise du système éducatif sud-africain
Authors: Goguel Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2023

Crisis of the South African educational system.
The crisis of the South African educational system, especially in secondary schools reveals the contradictions between three logics simultaneously operating. First, the government’s policy implies the maintenance of separation in education for different racial groups, one of the fundamental tenets of apartheid, untouched by reforms. Secondly, the business circles, ask for a better qualified work force, required for economic growth : to meet these demands, educational expenses are growing at a fast rate, but the realization of the principle of equal expenditures for each group appears still very remote, and given the increase of school population, the quality of education for non-Whites remains poor. The third logic is the logic of non white social actors : students and teachers whose aspirations and demands, stimulated by education, are confronted with obstacles coming from the existing social order and with repression.
Campagnes, bidonvilles et Banque mondiale au Kenya
Authors: Fontaine Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2023

Countryside, shanty towns and world bank in Kenya.
The overall results of die Kenyan economy have to be assessed in a social perspective : that of the contradictions between the different parts of the country (die different cash-crops growing areas) and especially die countryside and the city (Nat robi essentially).
The general recommendations of The World Bank do not take these factors into account. There are two different rural migrations to the city : «modern» holders use urban resources and salaries to expand and modernize, whereas the poor can survive because they try to live off urban employment and not agricultural revenue.
In the city there is another division to be found between the formal and the informal sectors. The latter is expanding very quickly but again these contradictions cannot be settled without taking the rural and migratory characteristics into account.