bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological distress among healthcare students in Poland from COVID-19 to war on Ukraine: a cross-sectional exploratory study
Authors: Hisato Tomomi , Nandy Shreya , Monga Eman M. , Sytek Paulina , Abouzid Mohamed , Ahmed Alhassan Ali 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesHealthcare students went through a rough time in March 2022 due to extreme changes in the educational system (moving from online to stationary learning) and Ukrainian-Russian war circumstances. Our study aims to update knowledge about psychological distress and its impact on healthcare students in Poland after two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by intense and political instability in Europe.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on healthcare students from Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland, from March to April 2022. The questionnaire included subjective retrospective 5-point Likert-scales ratings of anxiety, stress, and depression and self-reported information on various psychological distress predictors.ResultsThe anxiety levels at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic were higher than in April 2022. There was no significant reduction in stress and depression. Females had higher initial anxiety levels than post-pandemic levels. Higher reported levels of anxiety, stress, and depression were significantly correlated with political instability in Eastern Europe (Spearman ranxiety = 0.178, rstress = 0.169, rdepression = 0.154, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). The concern about moving towards online education showed a significant association only with stress level (rstress = 0.099, p = 0.034). We also observed a positive correlation between anxiety, stress, and depression and deteriorating sleep quality (Spearman ranxiety,=0.325, rstress = 0.410, rdepression = 0.440, p &lt; 0.001), the feeling of worsening relationships with family and peers (ranxiety = 0.325, rstress = 0.343, rdepression = 0.379, p &lt; 0.001), and the sense of loss of efficient time management (ranxiety = 0.321, rstress = 0.345, rdepression = 0.410, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThroughout the progression of the Ukrainian war and the COVID-19 pandemic, females reported improved (lower levels) levels of anxiety. Nevertheless, the current levels of self-reported anxiety post-pandemic remain alarming, while stress and depression levels remained unchanged. Mental, psychological, and social support activities are required for healthcare students, especially those away from their families. Time management, academic performance, and coping skills in relation to the additional stressors of war and the global pandemic require further research in this group of students.
Newly diagnosed HIV and use of HIV-PrEP among non-western born MSM attending STI clinics in the Netherlands: a large retrospective cohort study
Authors: Evers Ymke J. , Goense Cornelia J. D. , Hoebe Christian J. P. A. , Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H. T. M. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe World Health Organization recommends HIV-PrEP for all people at risk for HIV infection, which includes men who have sex with men (MSM). Substantial part of new HIV diagnoses in the Netherlands are in non-western born MSM. This study evaluated new HIV diagnoses and reported PrEP use among non-western born MSM and compared it to western-born MSM. To inform public health efforts in the context of equitable PrEP access, we further assessed sociodemographic factors related to higher HIV risk and lower PrEP use among non-western born MSM.MethodsSurveillance data of consultations among MSM in all Dutch STI-clinics (2016–2021) were analyzed. STI-clinics provide PrEP via the national pilot-program since August 2019. In non-western born MSM (born in Eastern-Europe/Latin-America/Asia/Africa/Dutch-Antilles/Suriname), sociodemographic factors were evaluated for association with HIV (by multivariable generalized estimating equations) and reported PrEP use in the past 3 months (by multivariable logistic regression; restricted to an at-risk for HIV person-level data-subset from August 2019).ResultsNew HIV infections were diagnosed among 1.1% (493/44,394) of non-western born MSM-consultations (vs. 0.4% among western-born MSM, 742/210,450). Low education (aOR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.7–2.7, vs. high education) and age under 25 years (aOR: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1–1.8, vs. age above 35 years) were associated with new HIV diagnoses. PrEP use in the past 3 months was 40.7% in non-western born MSM (1,711/4,207; 34.9% among western-born MSM, 6,089/17,458). PrEP use was lower among non-western born MSM aged under 25 years (aOR: 0.3, 95%CI: 0.2–0.4), living in less urban areas (aOR: 0.7, 95%CI: 0.6–0.8), and having low education level (aOR: 0.6, 95%CI: 0.5–0.7).ConclusionOur study confirmed that non-western born MSM are an important key population in HIV prevention. Access to HIV prevention, including HIV-PrEP, should be further optimized to all non-western born MSM at risk for HIV, and specifically to those who are younger, live in less urban areas, and have a low education level.
Mental wellbeing of frontline health workers post-pandemic: lessons learned and a way forward
Authors: Grünheid Thorsten , Hazem Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the state of mental wellbeing among medical and dental frontline health workers as the COVID-19 pandemic transitions to an endemic phase and to determine what employer-provided intervention strategies these workers perceive as effective and desirable to improve their mental wellbeing.MethodsAn anonymous online survey distributed to frontline health workers in a hospitalist program of a tertiary care medical center and a university dental school in Minnesota in September 2022. The survey contained validated tools to measure depression severity, levels of perceived stress, and mental health status as well as questions to determine effective strategies to improve emotional wellbeing among these health workers. Data was evaluated on an aggregate level as well as stratified by level (e.g., physician, staff) and field (e.g., medicine, dentistry).ResultsOn average, all groups of health workers suffered from moderate to moderately severe depression, had a much higher perceived stress level than average, and had a fair mental health status. There were no significant differences in depression severity, stress level, or mental health status among physicians, dentists, medical staff, and dental staff. The majority of the respondents perceived adjusted work hours, rewards and incentives, and teamwork as the most effective and desirable strategies to improve their mental wellbeing.ConclusionThe current mental wellbeing of frontline health workers is poor. Many are dissatisfied with healthcare and consider leaving the industry. To improve their employees’ mental wellbeing, healthcare employers might want to consider adjusted work hours, rewards, and teamwork as these intervention strategies are perceived as most effective and desirable by the intended recipients.
Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and parental vocalisation behaviours in infancy: findings from UK-based birth cohort
Authors: Campbell Amy , Lewis Gemma , Costantini Ilaria , Cordero Miguel , Skinner Andy , Dermott Esther , Miller Tina , Kennedy Mari-Rose , Culpin Iryna 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundBoth maternal and paternal postnatal depression (PND) are associated with increased risk of less optimal offspring developmental outcomes. Early exposure to differences in maternal and paternal vocalisation behaviours associated with maternal and paternal PND may be important in this relationship. However, little research has captured vocalisation patterns at home without researchers present.ObjectivesThis study sought to examine the associations between maternal and paternal PND and various aspects of parental vocalisation behaviours.MethodsMothers (n = 104) and fathers (n = 34) of six-months old infants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Generation-2 (ALSPAC-G2) provided video footage of mother- and father-infant interactions filmed at home using the head-worn video cameras (headcams) without the need for researchers to be present. Twenty-five mother-infant and father-infant interactions were coded on multiple aspects of parental and infant vocalisation behaviours using the micro-behavioural observational coding system. Parental (PND) was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; total score).ResultsFrequencies and duration of vocalisation behaviours were similar in mothers and fathers. However, there was an indication that fathers demonstrated higher frequency and duration of commands, exclamations and ironic/sarcastic tone, and criticisms compared to mothers, while mothers engaged in more teaching compared to fathers. Linear regression models indicated that maternal and paternal PND were not associated with the majority of vocalisation behaviours. However, there were some specific patterns observed, mostly related to the emotional tone of the vocalisations. Higher levels of maternal PND were associated with lower frequency of speech in a neutral tone, frequency and duration of use of humour, and increased duration of speech in a positive tone. Higher levels of paternal PND were associated with higher mean duration of speech, infant-directed speech, higher frequency and duration of laughing, and increased duration of speech using questions and encouragement.ConclusionThese findings extend existing research by investigating the associations between maternal and paternal PND and a wide range of vocalisation behaviours captured and coded using innovative methods and in a more ecologically valid way than previous studies.
Results of sclerotherapy and mucopexy with haemorrhoidal dearterialization in II and III degree haemorrhoids. A 4 years' single centre experience
Authors: Lobascio Pierluigi , Laforgia Rita , Pezzolla Angela 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionHaemorrhoidal disease (HD) affects a considerable portion of the adult population. The aim of this study is to confirm the safety and efficacy of the treatments and to report the long-term outcomes of Sclerotherapy (ST) and Mucopexy and Haemorrhoidal Dearterialization (MHD) performed over the last 4 years in a single tertiary centre. The secondary outcome is to evaluate the usefulness of both techniques and to demonstrate how those can be associated as a bridge to surgery.Materials and methodsPatients affected by second–third-degree haemorrhoids and undergoing ST or non-Doppler guided MHD between 2018 and 2021 were enrolled. Safety and efficacy, recurrence rate, Haemorrhoid Severity Score (HSS) and pain resulting from both techniques were evaluated.ResultsOut of 259 patients, 150 underwent ST. Further, 122 (81.3%) patients were male and 28 (18.7%) were female. The mean age was 50.8 (range 34–68) years. Most of the patients (103, 68.6%) were affected by second-degree HD, while 47 (31.4%) were affected by third-degree HD. The overall success rate was 83.3%. The median pre-operative HSS score was 3 (IQR 0–4, p = 0.04) and at 2 year the median HSS was 0 (IQR 0–1, p = 0.03). No intraoperative complications and no drug-related side effects occurred. The mean follow-up for ST was 2 years (range 1–4; SD ±0.88). MHD was performed on 109 patients. In detail, 80 patients (73.4%) were male while 29 patients (26.6%) were female. The mean age in this group was 51.3 (range 31–69). Further, 72 patients (66.1%) were affected by third-degree HD and 37 (33.9%) by second-degree HD. The median HSS score was 9 (IQR 8–10, p = 0.001) preoperatively two years after treatment was 0 (IQR 0–1, p = 0.004). Major complications occurred in three patients (2.75%). The overall success rate was 93.5% (second degree 89.2% vs. third degree 95.8%). The mean follow-up for MHD was 2 years (range 1–4; SD ±0.68).ConclusionsThe results confirm the usefulness of those techniques, which can be considered safe and easily repeatable procedures, with a low recurrence rate after 2 years of median follow-up.
Application of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Oak Fruit Exudates against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Causing Postharvest Soft Rot Disease in Vegetables
Authors: Soltani Nejad Meysam , Samandari Najafabadi Neda , Aghighi Sonia , Zargar Meisam , Stybayev Gani , Baitelenova Aliya , Kipshakbayeva Gulden 
Published: June 2023

The main goal of our study was to determine whether biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) could be used as a novel antibacterial material in order to control soft rot in vegetables. Exudates from oak fruit were used in the green synthesis of SNPs. Postharvest soft rot disease in vegetables has resulted in significant crop losses all over the globe. Because managing Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), the causal agent of soft rot disease, is difficult due to its wide host range, developing innovative disease-management methods that do not involve the use of hazardous chemicals is a top priority for maintaining sustainable agriculture. The current research has found that silver nanoparticles (SNPs) have a detrimental effect on the progression of Pcc and soft rot disease in in vitro conditions. At SNPs’ sub-MIC, the greatest levels of inhibition against tissue maceration were 22, 19.8, 21.5, and 18.5 percent in potato, zucchini, carrot, and eggplant, respectively. SNP treatment of tubers and fruits had a noteworthy suppressive impact on soft rot disease symptoms as compared to controls. SNPs may be able to replace chemical pesticides in the management and prevention of soft rot disease in vegetables in postharvest settings, according to this study.
Sequential Data Processing for IMERG Satellite Rainfall Comparison and Improvement Using LSTM and ADAM Optimizer
Authors: Toh Seng Choon , Lai Sai Hin , Mirzaei Majid , Soo Eugene Zhen Xiang , Teo Fang Yenn 
Published: June 2023

This study introduces a systematic methodology whereby different technologies were utilized to download, pre-process, and interactively compare the rainfall datasets from the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Mission (IMERG) satellite and rain gauges. To efficiently handle the large volume of data, we developed automated shell scripts for downloading IMERG data and storing it, along with rain gauge data, in a relational database system. Hypertext pre-processor (pHp) programs were built to visualize the result for better analysis. In this study, the performance of IMERG estimations over the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia for the duration of 10 years (2011–2020) against rain gauge observation data is evaluated. Moreover, this study aimed to improve the daily IMERG estimations with long short-term memory (LSTM) developed with Python. Findings show that the LSTM with Adaptive Moment Estimation (ADAM) optimizer trained against the mean square error (MSE) loss enhances the accuracy of satellite estimations. At the point-to-pixel scale, the correlation between satellite estimations and ground observations was increased by about 15%. The bias was reduced by 81–118%, MAE was reduced by 18–59%, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was reduced by 1–66%, and the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) was increased by approximately 200%. The approach developed in this study establishes a comprehensive and scalable data processing and analysis pipeline that can be applied to diverse datasets and regions encountering similar domain-specific challenges.
Trends and determinants of GPs’ work hours in the UK: a quantitative study
Authors: Núñez-Elvira Alberto 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundInformation on the hours of work of UK doctors is limited, and what exists relies on self-designed questionnaires in England.AimTo understand trends in the annual stock of physicians’ hours and their main determinants.Design & settingA quantitative study in which data were collected from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) between 1998 and 2020, under the End User Licence (EUL), in the UK.MethodDescriptive and linear regression models of labour supply for doctors (pooled), GPs, and hospital doctors.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2020, while the headcount of doctors grew by 128.79% for hospital doctors and 45.28% for GPs, hours of work dropped by 20.80% for hospital doctors and 25.37% for GPs. Hence, the annual stock of hours grew by 81.20% for hospital doctors but by a modest 8.42% for GPs. Female doctors worked 8.68 fewer hours than males, with GPs reporting the largest reduction (–11.82 hours, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –13.31 to –10.33 and –6.75, 95% CI = –9.32 to –4.19, in the full specification). Family decisions are associated with a fall in doctors’ work hours and modest growth in the annual stock of hours. These determinants and overtime are drivers of part-time work.ConclusionDespite the increase in the headcount of GPs, their hours of work dropped over the study period, generating a more steady and modest growth in their total annual stock of hours compared with hospital doctors. Female GPs work fewer hours than male GPs and are more likely to work part-time due to childbearing, marriage/co-habitation, and overtime work.
Coping Behaviors and Incident Kidney Disease
Authors: Novick Tessa K. , Custer James , Zonderman Alan B. , Evans Michele K. , Hladek Melissa , Kuczmarski Marie , Rathouz Paul J. , Crews Deidra C. 
Published: June 2023

Key Points

Adaptive coping behaviors are associated with lower odds of incident CKD.Coping behaviors could represent a target to prevent CKD.

Background
How someone copes may alter the trajectory of their kidney function. We aimed to evaluate whether coping behaviors were associated with incident CKD or rapid kidney function decline.

Methods
We used data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (Baltimore, MD) for this longitudinal analysis. Adaptive and maladaptive coping behavioral constructs were measured using the Brief COPE Inventory at visit 1. We used multiple logistic regression to assess the odds of incident CKD and rapid kidney function decline per point increase in coping scales and adjusted for baseline demographics and clinical variables.

Results
Of 1935 participants, mean age was 48 years, 44% were male, 56% were Black persons, and baseline mean (SD) eGFR was 91 (16) ml/min per 1.73 m2. After a median of 8.2 years, 113 participants developed incident CKD and 341 had rapid kidney function decline. Compared with those who reported they usually did not use adaptive coping behaviors at all (such as emotional support), those with the highest use of adaptive coping had lower odds of incident CKD. Every 1-unit increase in adaptive coping corresponded with a 2% lower adjusted odds of incident CKD (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 0.99). There was no association between maladaptive coping behaviors and incident CKD. Coping behaviors were not associated with rapid kidney function decline.

Conclusions
Adaptive coping behaviors were associated with lower odds of incident CKD and could represent a target to facilitate CKD prevention. The role of medical care in this association is an area worthy of further investigation.
Mulberry Biomass-Derived Nanomedicines Mitigate Colitis through Improved Inflamed Mucosa Accumulation and Intestinal Microenvironment Modulation
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Ma Ya , Xu Haiting , Zhu Zhenhua , Wu Jiaxue , Xu Cheng , Sun Wei , Zhao Erhu , Wang Min , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C. , Shi Xiaoxiao , Xiao Bo 
Published: June 2023

The therapeutic outcomes of conventional oral medications against ulcerative colitis (UC) are restricted by inefficient drug delivery to the colitis mucosa and weak capacity to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment. Herein, a fluorinated pluronic (FP127) was synthesized and employed to functionalize the surface of mulberry leaf-derived nanoparticles (MLNs) loading with resveratrol nanocrystals (RNs). The obtained FP127@RN-MLNs possessed exosome-like morphologies, desirable particle sizes (around 171.4 nm), and negatively charged surfaces (−14.8 mV). The introduction of FP127 to RN-MLNs greatly improved their stability in the colon and promoted their mucus infiltration and mucosal penetration capacities due to the unique fluorine effect. These MLNs could efficiently be internalized by colon epithelial cells and macrophages, reconstruct disrupted epithelial barriers, alleviate oxidative stress, provoke macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype, and down-regulate inflammatory responses. Importantly, in vivo studies based on chronic and acute UC mouse models demonstrated that oral administration of chitosan/alginate hydrogel-embedding FP127@RN-MLNs achieved substantially improved therapeutic efficacies compared with nonfluorinated MLNs and a first-line UC drug (dexamethasone), as evidenced by decreased colonic and systemic inflammation, integrated colonic tight junctions, and intestinal microbiota balance. This study brings new insights into the facile construction of a natural, versatile nanoplatform for oral treatment of UC without adverse effects.
Human Trafficking, Kejahatan Transnasional Dalam Prespektif Prinsip Nasional Aktif Di Indonesia
Authors: Prasada Dewa Krisna , Nandari Ni Putu Sawitri , Ari Rama Bagus Gede , Mahadewi Kadek Julia 
Published: June 2023

Kejahatan transional sudah menjadi ancaman yang berskala besar di setiap negara-negara di dunia, tak terkecuali di Indonesia sendiri. Kejahatan Transnasional lebih lanjut jikat dilihat dari Deklarasi ASEAN di Manila tahun 2017 mengkategorikan human trafficking sebagai salah satu kejahatan transional. Kajian ini berfokus pada metode yuridis normatif (normative legal research), dengan menelaah bahan-bahan yang bersumber pada bahan kepustakaan. Dalam kajian ini akan dilihat beberapa permasalahan yang perlu dibahas, antara lain apakah sudah ada ratifikasi trafficking in person atau human trafficking dalam hukum positif di Indonesia? dan bagaimana sanksi terhadap sindikat perdagangan manusia berdasarkan prinsip nasional aktif di Indonesia? Tujuan dari dibuatnya riset mengenai kejahatan transional dalam kejahatan perdagangan manusia ini jika dilihat secara arti luas agar masyarakat tau bentuk-bentuk modus sindikat-sindikat yang memberikan tawaran menjadi TKI yang legal namun dibalik itu terdapat niat jahat. Kajian ini berfokus pada metode yuridis normatif (normative legal research), dengan menelaah bahan-bahan yang bersumber pada bahan kepustakaan. Hasil pembahasan dari kajian ini yaitu Indonesia sebagai negara hukum sudah meratifikasi beberapa instrument hukum internasional ke dalam hukum positif, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1998 tentang Pengesahan Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment (Konvensi Menentang Penyiksaan Dan Perlakuan Atau Penghukuman Lain Yang Kejam, Tidak Manusiawi, Atau Merendahkan Martabat Manusia). Dalam penerapan prinsip nasional aktif terhadap pelaku tindakan human trafficking Pasal 5 KUHP (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana) sudah menentukan bahwa Indonesia memeiliki kewenangan terhadap warga negaranya yang melakukan tindak pidana di luar wilayah yurisdiksinya.