bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Associations Between Neighborhood Environments and Functional Disabilities Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in China
Authors: Zhou Jia-Jia , Zhou Shuai , Cai Xinxin , Luo Jiemei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to investigate the longitudinal associations between neighborhood environments and functional disabilities over time among older adults in China. Urban–rural disparities in these associations were examined in this study.

Methods
Data from 4 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2018) were analyzed, including a sample of 5,379 older adults aged 60 and over. Multilevel linear probability modeling was fitted to estimate the effects of neighborhood environments on functional disabilities, encompassing both incidence and rate of change over a 7-year period.

Results
Older adults residing in neighborhoods with superior infrastructure experienced a lower incidence of functional disabilities in both rural and urban areas. In urban communities, increased handicapped access was associated with a reduced risk of IADL disability onset among older adults (B = −0.013, SE = 0.006, p &lt; .05). In rural villages, the presence of 2 or more bus lines was associated with a slower rate of IADL disablement over the 7-year period (B = −0.019, SE = 0.009, p &lt; .05).

Discussion
This research reveals the prominent roles of neighborhood environments in protecting functional abilities among older adults. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating community policies and infrastructure development into public health considerations. Empirical evidence is provided for policymakers and urban planners aimed at enhancing functional abilities in older adults and mitigating urban–rural disparities in health outcomes.
Comparison of Referral Rates and Costs Using Fibrosis-4 and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Testing Strategies for Initial Evaluation of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a Veteran Population
Authors: Yeramaneni Samrat , Chang Stephanie T , Cheung Ramsey C , Chalfin Donald B , Sangha Kinpritma , Levy H Roma , Boltyenkov Artem T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Global metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) prevalence is estimated at 30% and projected to reach 55.7% by 2040. In the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system, an estimated 1.8 million veterans have metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).

Methods
Adult patients at risk for MASLD in a VA healthcare system underwent Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF®) testing. Referral rates and cost savings were compared among 6 noninvasive testing (NIT) strategies using these 2 tests independently or sequentially at various cutoffs.

Results
Enrolled patients (N = 254) had a mean age of 65.3 ± 9.3 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.7 ± 6, 87.4% male: 78.3% were non-Hispanic/Latino, and 96.5% had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Among the 6 evaluated strategies, using FIB-4 followed by ELF at a 9.8 cutoff yielded the highest proportion of patients retained in primary care without need of referral to hepatology clinic (165/227; 72.7%), and was associated with the lowest costs ($407.62). Compared to the FIB-4 only strategy, FIB-4/ELF with a 9.8 cutoff strategy resulted in 26% fewer referrals and 8.47% lower costs. In the subgroup of patients with BMI &gt;32, there were 25.17% fewer referrals and costs were 8.31% lower.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that sequential use of ELF with a 9.8 cutoff following indeterminate FIB-4 tests results in lower referral rates and lower care costs in a veteran population at risk of MASLD. Adding ELF as a sequential test after indeterminate FIB-4 might help reduce the number of referrals and overall cost of care.
Time-lapse HR-pQCT reliably assesses and monitors local bone turnover in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhou Minhao , Sadoughi Saghi , Go Lauren , Ramil Gabriella , Yu Isabel , Saeed Isra , Fan Bo , Wu Po-Hung , Salusky Isidro B , Nickolas Thomas L , Ix Joachim H , Kazakia Galateia J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bone turnover assessment and monitoring are essential for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated bone care. Patients with CKD suffer from significantly elevated fracture risk due to abnormally high or low bone turnover, which benefits from diametrically opposite treatments informed by patient-specific bone turnover data. However, a reliable, accessible, noninvasive bone turnover assessment and monitoring tool remains an unmet clinical need. Combining time-lapse (TL) analysis with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans obtained over time allows for in vivo temporospatial bone remodeling assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of applying TL HR-pQCT to assess and monitor local bone formation and resorption in patients with CKD. A customized TL HR-pQCT pipeline was developed on a second-generation HR-pQCT platform and optimized using both ex vivo cadaveric phantom and in vivo scan-rescan HR-pQCT images. The annualized least significant changes in bone formation and resorption were evaluated using in vivo longitudinal reproducibility images. Finally, the feasibility of the TL HR-pQCT pipeline in assessing and monitoring bone turnover was evaluated in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD; n = 9). We found that a 2-month TL period was sufficient for the TL HR-pQCT pipeline to reliably assess and monitor local bone turnover in a cohort of patients with ESKD. We also demonstrated the importance of characterizing TL HR-pQCT precision metrics using longitudinal baseline/follow-up rather than short-term scan-rescan datasets. The TL HR-pQCT pipeline assessed a range of bone formation metrics agreeing with the gold-standard histomorphometry bone formation reported in the literature for patients with CKD and ESKD. Our findings highlight that TL HR-pQCT holds promise as a “virtual bone biopsy” that reliably assesses and monitors local bone turnover for CKD bone care. Subsequent work will focus on validating this TL HR-pQCT pipeline against the gold-standard bone biopsy with quantitative histomorphometry.
The Y dwarf population with HST: unlocking the secrets of our coolest neighbours – II. Parallaxes and proper motions
Authors: Fontanive Clémence , Bedin Luigi R , Albert Loïc , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present astrometric results from a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) campaign aimed at determining precise distances for cold Y-type brown dwarfs. Combining observations from a dedicated HST/WFC3 programme with archival data, we derive astrometric solutions for 15 nearby Y dwarfs, by linking the high-precision relative astrometry from Hubble to the high-accuracy Gaia DR3 absolute reference system, using stars present in both to anchor the two frames of reference. We reach uncertainties on parallaxes below the 1-mas level for half of the sample, and down to 3 mas for two-thirds of the targets, or relative precisions &lt;1 per cent in most cases and 2–5$\times$ improvements over previous measurements. For the remaining targets, we achieved slightly lower precisions on parallaxes (5–12 mas, 5–10 per cent), correlated with the lower signal-to-noise of the faintest targets. The precision reached in our derived proper motions is around 0.1–0.4 mas yr−1 for most targets, and up to 1–2 mas yr−1 for less precise cases. Our estimated parallaxes and proper motions are generally in good agreement with literature values, and consistent to 1–2$\sigma$ with recent Spitzer-derived parallaxes in most cases. These new astrometric solutions provide important validation of these objects’ distances and sky motions, especially given the large disparities seen in previous estimates. Our results demonstrate the power of HST combined with Gaia to measure highly precise absolute astrometry for faint brown dwarfs, and highlights the limitations reached for the reddest and coldest objects, for which JWST will certainly provide a favourable platform to improve these results.
Smuggling unnoticed: towards a 2D view of water and dust delivery to the inner regions of protoplanetary discs
Authors: Houge Adrien , Krijt Sebastiaan , Banzatti Andrea , Blake Geoffrey A , Pinilla Paola , Pontoppidan Klaus M , Trapman Leon , Williams Joe , Zhang Ke 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Infrared spectroscopy, e.g. with JWST, provides a glimpse into the chemical inventory of the innermost region of protoplanetary discs, where terrestrial planets eventually form. The chemical make-up of regions inside snowlines is connected to the material drifting from the outer regions, which can be modelled with dust evolution models. However, infrared observations are limited by the high dust extinction in the inner disc, and only probes the abundances of gaseous species in the disc surface layers. As a result, the bulk mass of delivered volatiles is not directly relatable to what is measured through infrared spectra. In this paper, we investigate how the delivery of dust and ice after prolonged pebble drift affects the observable reservoir of water vapour in the inner disc. We develop a 1 + 1D approach based on dust evolution models to determine the delivery and distribution of vapour compared to the height of the $\tau = 1$ surface in the dust continuum. We find that the observable column density of water vapour at wavelengths probed by JWST spans many orders of magnitude over time, exhibiting different radial profiles depending on dust properties, drift rate, and local processing. In the presence of a traffic-jam effect inside the snowline, the observable vapour reservoir appears constant in time despite the ongoing delivery by pebble drift, such that water is effectively smuggled unnoticed. Differences in measured column densities then originate not only from variations in bulk vapour content, but also from differences in the properties and distribution of dust particles.
GENA-LM: a family of open-source foundational DNA language models for long sequences
Authors: Fishman Veniamin , Kuratov Yuri , Shmelev Aleksei , Petrov Maxim , Penzar Dmitry , Shepelin Denis , Chekanov Nikolay , Kardymon Olga , Burtsev Mikhail 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent advancements in genomics, propelled by artificial intelligence, have unlocked unprecedented capabilities in interpreting genomic sequences, mitigating the need for exhaustive experimental analysis of complex, intertwined molecular processes inherent in DNA function. A significant challenge, however, resides in accurately decoding genomic sequences, which inherently involves comprehending rich contextual information dispersed across thousands of nucleotides. To address this need, we introduce GENA language model (GENA-LM), a suite of transformer-based foundational DNA language models capable of handling input lengths up to 36 000 base pairs. Notably, integrating the newly developed recurrent memory mechanism allows these models to process even larger DNA segments. We provide pre-trained versions of GENA-LM, including multispecies and taxon-specific models, demonstrating their capability for fine-tuning and addressing a spectrum of complex biological tasks with modest computational demands. While language models have already achieved significant breakthroughs in protein biology, GENA-LM showcases a similarly promising potential for reshaping the landscape of genomics and multi-omics data analysis. All models are publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/AIRI-Institute/GENA_LM) and on HuggingFace (https://huggingface.co/AIRI-Institute). In addition, we provide a web service (https://dnalm.airi.net/) allowing user-friendly DNA annotation with GENA-LM models.
Communists and Black liberation movements: divergent trajectories in the United States and South Africa, 1939–1969
Authors: Paret Marcel , Levenson Zachary 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the 1920s, the Moscow-based Comintern began to promote a Black Communist movement, with specific emphasis on the United States and South Africa. Despite this common point of departure, the United States and South African Communist parties followed opposite trajectories. By the mid-20th century, the former dwindled as it grew increasingly detached from Black movements, while the latter developed a close relationship with the African National Congress, setting the stage for the party’s explosive growth in the post-apartheid period. To explain this divergence, we focus on what we call movement politics: the dynamic interaction among movements as they pursue particular political orientations and strategies. In the instances examined here, movement politics takes the form of a triangular relationship among three sets of actors: the international Communist movement, Black movements, and national Communist parties. We examine this dynamic interaction in two key conjunctures: first, during World War II, when loyalty to the Soviet Union proved to be an asset for the CPSA and a liability for the CPUSA; and second, during the Cold War, when South African Communists and Black movements converged on a politics of national liberation, while in the United States, Black movements turned to Third World liberation or anti-Communism as two alternatives to the CPUSA. These divergent trajectories reveal the period considered here, 1939 to 1969, as a critical juncture when American Communists became alienated from Black movements, while their counterparts in South Africa developed a lasting alliance with Black movements that persists to this day.
Apelin‐13 inhibits ischemia–reperfusion mediated podocyte apoptosis by reducing m‐TOR phosphorylation to enhance autophagy
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Chen Dongshan , Wu Jiyue , Gao Zihao , Huang Mingcong , Fan Chunmeng , Chang Jing , Liu Yu , Zeng Xiangjun , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPodocytes are essential to maintain the normal filtration function of glomerular basement membrane, which could be injured by ischemia–reperfusion. As complicated function of autophagy in terminal differentiated podocytes, autophagy dysfunction might contribute to I/R induced renal dysfunction following glomerular filtration membrane (GFM) injuries. Meanwhile, apelin‐13, an endogenous polypeptide, has been proved to be effective in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in podocytes. Therefore, it is hypothesized that apelin‐13 may protect podocytes from IRI by inhibiting podocyte apoptosis through regulation of podocyte autophagy. Our study demonstrates for that podocytes are also involved in renal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury and shows in detail the morphological and functional changes in podocytes during renal I/R. Because podocytes are terminally differentiated cells whose homeostasis require high levels of autophagy, we investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of apelin‐13 on I/R‐mediated podocyte injury in terms of autophagy. In addition, our study demonstrates that apelin‐13 ameliorates renal I/R injury in podocyte injury, by increasing podocyte autophagy through inhibition of m‐TOR phosphorylation, which in turn inhibits apoptosis.
Does Parathyroid Autotransplantation Prevent Hypoparathyroidism after Thyroid Surgery?
Authors: Kasmirski Julia Adriana , Allahwasaya Ashba , Wu Christopher , Song Zhixing , Akhund Ramsha , Balachandra Sanjana , McLeod M Chandler , Gillis Andrea , Fazendin Jessica , Lindeman Brenessa , Chen Herbert 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To assess the impact of parathyroid gland autotransplantation on the restoration of parathyroid function in patients who are hypoparathyroid after thyroidectomy.

Background Data:
Hypoparathyroidism post-thyroidectomy arises when all parathyroid glands are devascularized or injured. Autotransplantation of compromised parathyroids aims to preserve their function and prevent permanent hypoparathyroidism. Despite routine use, comprehensive evidence on the efficacy of parathyroid autotransplantation remains limited.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 549 patients who underwent total or completion thyroidectomy from December 2015 to June 2023. Surgical outcomes of patients with and without parathyroid autotransplantation were compared. A subgroup analysis included patients with post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels below 10 units. Statistical analyses included the Chi-squared test and multivariable analysis.

Results:
Of the 549 patients, 152 (27.7%) had parathyroid autotransplantation and 397 (72.3%) did not. The groups were similar in demographics and underlying thyroid etiologies. No significant difference was found in intraoperative parathyroid identification rates (P=0.25). Postoperatively, autotransplanted patients had a higher incidence of transient symptomatic hypocalcemia at 2 weeks (38.0% vs. 19.3%, P<0.001). Multivariable regression showed a higher frequency of postoperative transient hypocalcemia with autotransplantation (IRR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.42-2.54, P<0.001). Among patients with PACU PTH<10 units, recovery rates of parathyroid function were similar between treatment groups (82.2% vs. 82.5%, P=0.46). Long-term follow-up showed comparable low incidence of parathyroid insufficiency in both groups (5.3% vs. 3.8%, P=0.46).

Conclusions:
Parathyroid autotransplantation does not enhance recovery in hypoparathyroid patient’s post-thyroidectomy and does not significantly alter outcomes among patients with PACU PTH<10 .
Adherence to Recommendations and Yield of Critical Care EEG Monitoring: A Prospective Multicentric Study
Authors: Bellante Flavio , Santos Susana Ferrao , Gérard Ludovic , Jacquet Luc-Marie , Piagnerelli Michaël , Taccone Fabio , Thooft Aurélie , Wittebole Xavier , Legros Benjamin , Gaspard Nicolas 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society has provided a set of recommendations on the use of critical care EEG monitoring (CEEG). However, these recommendations have not been prospectively validated. We aimed to assess the adherence to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society recommendations for obtaining CEEG for different indications and the yield of obtained CEEG according to these different indications.

Methods:
This was a multicenter prospective observational study of critically ill adult patients between April 01, 2022, and June 22, 2022, in two academic medical centers and a large teaching hospital. Indications for CEEG, according to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society recommendations, were determined based on clinical data at the time of discharge from the intensive care unit. The use of CEEG and detection of electrographic seizures were retrieved from the EEG databases.

Results:
A total of 600 patients were enrolled in this study. The primary admission diagnoses were medical (49%), surgical (30%), or neurologic/neurosurgical (21%). Approximately 60% of patients had an altered mental status. A few (6%) patients had a preceding clinical seizure, and 1% had generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Indications were identified in 226 admissions. Of these patients, 88 (39%) underwent CEEG. In addition, 12 patients underwent CEEG without clear indications. Of the 100 patients, 33 (33%) had electrographic seizures. Adherence to recommendations and yields was highest for refractory status epilepticus, altered mental status after any clinical seizure, and acute brain injury. Adherence and yield varied the most and were inversely correlated in the group of patients without acute brain injury, suggesting that additional clinical factors may have contributed to patient selection.

Conclusions:
Patients meeting American Clinical Neurophysiology Society indications and receiving CEEG had a high seizure risk. Emerging CEEG programs should focus on epilepsy-related and neurologic diagnosis. Although recommendations effectively identify groups of patients with a high seizure risk, additional clinical factors might further help select candidates in the low-risk group.
An integrated systems biology approach establishes arginine biosynthesis as a metabolic weakness inCandida albicansduring host infection
Authors: Chakraborty Shuvechha , Palanikumar Indumathi , Gune Yash , Venkatesh K.V. , Raman Karthik , Idicula-Thomas Susan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCandida albicans(CAL), one of the leading causes of fungal infections affecting nearly 70% of the population, poses a significant global health threat. With the emergence of drug-resistant strains, mortality rates have reached a staggering 63.6% in severe cases, complicating treatment options and demanding the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. To address this pressing need, we employed a unique multidisciplinary approach to elucidate the metabolic pathways that enable CAL to switch from a commensal to a virulent state. Condition-specific genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs), along with a novel integrated host-CAL model developed in this study, highlighted the central role of arginine (Arg) metabolism and uncoveredALT1, an arginine biosynthesis enzyme, as a critical metabolic vulnerability in CAL virulence. Heightened expression of arginine biosynthesis genes indicated that increased arginine synthesis mainly occurs through proline intermediates during host interaction. Significantly impaired virulence andin vivopathogenicity ofALT1-deleted CAL highlighted the potential of targeting arginine metabolism as a novel strategy to combat antifungal resistance and underscored the power of integrating systems biology with experimental approaches in identifying new therapeutic targets.Graphical abstract
Autoimmune regulator deficiency causes sterile epididymitis and impacts male fertility through disruption of inorganic physiology
Authors: Ahn Soo Hyun , Halgren Katrina , Grzesiak Geoffrey , MacRenaris Keith W. , Sue Aaron , Xie Huirong , Demireva Elena , O’Halloran Thomas V. , Petroff Margaret G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAutoimmune regulator (AIRE), a transcription factor expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells, is required for shaping the self-antigen tolerant T cell receptor repertoire. Humans with mutations inAIREsuffer from Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1 (APS-1). Among many symptoms, men with APS-1 commonly experience testicular insufficiency and infertility, but the mechanisms causing infertility are unknown. Using anAire-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate that male subfertility is caused by sterile epididymitis characterized by immune cell infiltration and extensive fibrosis. In addition, we reveal that the presence of autoreactive immune cells and inflammation in epididymides ofAire-deficient mice are required for iron (Fe) deposition in the interstitium, which is brought on by macrophages. We further demonstrate that male subfertility is associated with a decrease in metals zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) which serve as cofactors in several antioxidant enzymes. We also show increase in DNA damage of epididymal sperm ofAire-/-animals as a key contributing factor to subfertility. The absence ofAireresults in autoimmune attack of the epididymis leading to fibrosis, Fe deposition, and Cu, Zn and Se imbalance, ultimately resulting in sperm DNA damage and subfertility. These results highlight the requirement ofAireto promote immune tolerance throughout the epididymis, disruption of which causes an imbalance of inorganic elements with resulting consequence on male fertility.Key pointsBreakdown of epididymal self-tolerance promotes disruption of inorganic elements. Autoimmunity causes interstitial fibrosis resulting in sperm DNA damage and subfertility. Elevated interstitial iron and macrophages contribute to fibrosis.