bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity
Authors: van der Klaauw Agatha A. , Horner Emily C. , Pereyra-Gerber Pehuén , Agrawal Utkarsh , Foster William S. , Spencer Sarah , Vergese Bensi , Smith Miriam , Henning Elana , Ramsay Isobel D. , Smith Jack A. , Guillaume Stephane M. , Sharpe Hayley J. , Hay Iain M. , Thompson Sam , Innocentin Silvia , Booth Lucy H. , Robertson Chris , McCowan Colin , Kerr Steven , Mulroney Thomas E. , O’Reilly Martin J. , Gurugama Thevinya P. , Gurugama Lihinya P. , Rust Maria A. , Ferreira Alex , Ebrahimi Soraya , Ceron-Gutierrez Lourdes , Scotucci Jacopo , Kronsteiner Barbara , Dunachie Susanna J. , Klenerman Paul ,   PITCH Consortium, Park Adrian J. , Rubino Francesco , Lamikanra Abigail A. , Stark Hannah , Kingston Nathalie , Estcourt Lise , Harvala Heli , Roberts David J. , Doffinger Rainer , Linterman Michelle A. , Matheson Nicholas J. , Sheikh Aziz , Farooqi I. Sadaf , Thaventhiran James E. D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObesity is associated with an increased risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality. COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes; however, their effectiveness in people with obesity is incompletely understood. We studied the relationship among body mass index (BMI), hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 among 3.6 million people in Scotland using the Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) surveillance platform. We found that vaccinated individuals with severe obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2) were 76% more likely to experience hospitalization or death from COVID-19 (adjusted rate ratio of 1.76 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.60–1.94). We also conducted a prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of 28 individuals with severe obesity compared to 41 control individuals with normal BMI (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). We found that 55% of individuals with severe obesity had unquantifiable titers of neutralizing antibody against authentic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus compared to 12% of individuals with normal BMI (P = 0.0003) 6 months after their second vaccine dose. Furthermore, we observed that, for individuals with severe obesity, at any given anti-spike and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody level, neutralizing capacity was lower than that of individuals with a normal BMI. Neutralizing capacity was restored by a third dose of vaccine but again declined more rapidly in people with severe obesity. We demonstrate that waning of COVID-19 vaccine-induced humoral immunity is accelerated in individuals with severe obesity. As obesity is associated with increased hospitalization and mortality from breakthrough infections, our findings have implications for vaccine prioritization policies.
The impact of metabolic stressors on mitochondrial homeostasis in a renal epithelial cell model of methylmalonic aciduria
Authors: Schumann Anke , Brutsche Marion , Havermans Monique , Grünert Sarah C. , Kölker Stefan , Groß Olaf , Hannibal Luciana , Spiekerkoetter Ute 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMethylmalonic aciduria (MMA-uria) is caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT). MUT deficiency hampers energy generation from specific amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids and cholesterol. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a well-known long-term complication. We exposed human renal epithelial cells from healthy controls and MMA-uria patients to different culture conditions (normal treatment (NT), high protein (HP) and isoleucine/valine (I/V)) to test the effect of metabolic stressors on renal mitochondrial energy metabolism. Creatinine levels were increased and antioxidant stress defense was severely comprised in MMA-uria cells. Alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis were observed. Changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and impaired energy generation from fatty acid oxidation were detected. Methylcitrate as potentially toxic, disease-specific metabolite was increased by HP and I/V load. Mitophagy was disabled in MMA-uria cells, while autophagy was highly active particularly under HP and I/V conditions. Mitochondrial dynamics were shifted towards fission. Sirtuin1, a stress-resistance protein, was down-regulated by HP and I/V exposure in MMA-uria cells. Taken together, both interventions aggravated metabolic fingerprints observed in MMA-uria cells at baseline. The results point to protein toxicity in MMA-uria and lead to a better understanding, how the accumulating, potentially toxic organic acids might trigger CKD.
Neuromuscular activation of the quadriceps femoris, including the vastus intermedius, during isokinetic knee extensions
Authors: Akima Hiroshi , Maeda Kazuhiro , Shima Norihiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the neuromuscular activation patterns of the individual muscles of the quadriceps femoris (QF), including the vastus intermedius (VI), during isokinetic concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) contractions. Thirteen healthy men performed maximum isokinetic CON and ECC knee extensions at angular velocities of 30, 90, and 120°/sec at knee joint angles from 80 to 180° (180° = full extension). The surface electromyographic (EMG) activities of the four individual muscles of the QF were recorded. The root mean squares of the EMG signals were normalized by the root mean square (nRMS) during CON contraction at 30°/sec. To investigate the nRMS changes, we classified the range of motion into four subcategories for each CON and ECC contraction. The nRMS of the VI was significantly higher in the flexed position during CON and ECC contractions at all velocities, and gradually decreased toward the extended positions regardless of the type of muscle contraction or angular velocity. These results suggest that the QF undergoes neuromuscular activation in a joint angle-dependent manner. In particular, the VI may contribute greatly during flexed contractions, independent of the type of contraction and angular velocity.
PALB2 germline mutations in a large cohort of Middle Eastern breast-ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Siraj Abdul K. , Bu Rong , Parvathareddy Sandeep Kumar , Iqbal Kaleem , Azam Saud , Qadri Zeeshan , Al-Rasheed Maha , Haqawi Wael , Diaz Mark , Victoria Ingrid G. , Al-Badawi Ismail A. , Tulbah Asma , Al-Dayel Fouad , Ajarim Dahish , Al-Kuraya Khawla S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe PALB2 gene is a breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) predisposition gene involved in the homologous recombination repair pathway. However, the prevalence and clinicopathological association of PALB2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic (PV/LPV) variants in Middle East is still not fully explored. Total 918 BC/OC patients from Saudi Arabia were selected for PALB2 mutations screening using capture sequencing technology. Five heterozygous PVs or LPVs were identified in six cases, accounting for 0.65% (6/918) of entire cohort. Two cases (33.3%) harbored PVs and four cases (66.7%) carried LPVs. Four PVs/LPVs (80%) were frameshift along with one novel splicing LPV (c.2835-2_2835-1delinsTT). One recurrent LPV (c.3425delT: p.L1142fs) was identified in two cases. All six affected carriers have breast cancer diagnosis with median age of 39.5 years (range 34–49 years). Only two cases (33%) have documented family history of cancer. Breast cancer phenotype was invasive ductal unilateral cancer in all cases with 66.7% of hormone receptor positive and 16% of triple negative tumors. Germline PVs/LPVs in the PALB2 gene were observed in low frequency of 0.65% in Saudi BC and/or OC. Our study confirms one recurrent LPV and one novel LPV in Saudi breast cancer patients.
Maternal separation leads to dynamic changes of visceral hypersensitivity and fecal metabolomics from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Hu Chenmin , Yan Chenxi , Tao Enfu , Zhu Zhenya , Shu Xiaoli , Guo Rui , Jiang Mizu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe assessed dynamic changes in visceral hypersensitivity and fecal metabolomics through a mouse model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from childhood to adulthood. A mouse model of IBS was constructed with maternal separation (MS) in early life. Male mice aged 25, 40, and 70 days were used. Visceral sensitivity was assessed by recording the reaction between the abdominal withdrawal reflex and colorectal distension. Metabolomics was identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The visceral sensitivity of the MS group was significantly higher than that of the non-separation (NS) group in the three age groups. The top four fecal differential metabolites in the different age groups were lipids, lipid molecules, organic heterocyclic compounds, organic acids and derivatives, and benzenoids. Five identical differential metabolites were detected in the feces and ileal contents of the MS and NS groups at different ages, namely, benzamide, taurine, acetyl-L-carnitine, indole, and ethylbenzene. Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were the most relevant pathways at P25, whereas histidine metabolism was the most relevant pathway at P40 and P70. Visceral hypersensitivity in the MS group lasted from childhood to adulthood. The different metabolites and metabolic pathways detected in MS groups of different ages provide a theoretical basis for IBS pathogenesis.
Numerical analysis of hafnium oxide and phase change material-based multi-layered infrared and visible frequency sensor for biomolecules sensing application
Authors: Aliqab Khaled , Sorathiya Vishal , Alsharari Meshari , Dave Kavan , Armghan Ammar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report on the results of a numerical investigation into a phase transition material and hafnium (IV) oxide-based refractive index sensor with a wide spectral range, including both the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The sensor relies on hafnium (IV) oxide and a phase transition material (HfO2). Three layered versions of the proposed structure are studied; each configuration is built from alternating layers of HfO2, silica, Ge2Sb2Te5(GST), and silver. The three different arrangements have all been studied. The reflectance response of such multilayer structures is discussed in this manuscript for refractive indices ranging from 1 to 2.4. In addition, we have investigated how the varying heights of the materials affect the overall performance of the structure. Finally, we have supplied several formulae for resonating traces that may be used to calculate the sensing behaviour across a specific wavelength range and refractive index values. The corresponding equations are shown below. We have computed numerous equation traces throughout this inquiry to calculate the wavelength and refractive index values. Computational methods may be used to analyze the proposed structure, which might aid in creating biosensors for detecting a wide variety of biomolecules and biomarkers, such as saliva-cortisol, urine, glucose, cancerous and cancerous, and hemoglobin.
Precise targeting for 3D cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy volume imaging of tissues using a FinderTOP
Authors: de Beer Marit , Daviran Deniz , Roverts Rona , Rutten Luco , Macías-Sánchez Elena , Metz Juriaan R. , Sommerdijk Nico , Akiva Anat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCryo-correlative light and electron microscopy (cryoCLEM) is a powerful strategy to high resolution imaging in the unperturbed hydrated state. In this approach fluorescence microscopy aids localizing the area of interest, and cryogenic focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (cryoFIB/SEM) allows preparation of thin cryo-lamellae for cryoET. However, the current method cannot be accurately applied on bulky (3D) samples such as tissues and organoids. 3D cryo-correlative imaging of large volumes is needed to close the resolution gap between cryo-light microscopy and cryoET, placing sub-nanometer observations in a larger biological context. Currently technological hurdles render 3D cryoCLEM an unexplored approach. Here we demonstrate a cryoCLEM workflow for tissues, correlating cryo-Airyscan confocal microscopy with 3D cryoFIB/SEM volume imaging. Accurate correlation is achieved by imprinting a FinderTOP pattern in the sample surface during high pressure freezing, and allows precise targeting for cryoFIB/SEM volume imaging.
The cosmic waltz of Coma Berenices and Latyshev 2 (Group X)
Authors: Olivares J. , Lodieu N. , Béjar V. J. S. , Martín E. L. , Žerjal M. , Galli P. A. B. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Open clusters (OCs) are fundamental benchmarks where theories of star formation and stellar evolution can be tested and validated. Coma Berenices (Coma Ber) and Latyshev 2 (Group X) are the second and third OCs closest to the Sun, making them excellent targets to search for low-mass stars and ultra-cool dwarfs. In addition, this pair will experience a flyby in 10–16 Myr, making it a benchmark to test pair interactions of OCs.
Aims. We aim to analyse the membership, luminosity, mass, phase-space (i.e. positions and velocities), and energy distributions for Coma Ber and Latyshev 2 and test the hypothesis of the mixing of their populations at the encounter time.
Methods. We developed a new phase-space membership methodology and applied it to Gaia data. With the recovered members, we inferred the phase-space, luminosity, and mass distributions using publicly available Bayesian inference codes. Then, with a publicly available orbit integration code and members’ positions and velocities, we integrated their orbits 20 Myr into the future.
Results. In Coma Ber, we identified 302 candidate members distributed in the core and tidal tails. The tails are dynamically cold and asymmetrically populated. The stellar system called Group X is made of two structures: the disrupted OC Latyshev 2 (186 candidate members) and a loose stellar association called Mecayotl 1 (146 candidate members), and both of them will fly by Coma Ber in 11.3 ± 0.5 Myr and 14.0 ± 0.6 Myr, respectively, and each other in 8.1 ± 1.3 Myr.
Conclusions. We study the dynamical properties of the core and tails of Coma Ber and also confirm the existence of the OC Latyshev 2 and its neighbour stellar association Mecayotl 1. Although these three systems will experience encounters, we find no evidence supporting the mixing of their populations.
Demenz-Screening- und testpsychologische Untersuchungen in deutschen
Haus- und Facharztpraxen unter Bedingungen der Corona Pandemie
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Michalowsky Bernhard , Kostev Karel 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Häufigkeitsvergleich der testpsychologischen Untersuchungen
(TPU) in Haus- und Facharztpraxen (HA, FA) vor und während der
Covid-19-Pandemie.
Methoden Deskriptiver Vergleich der durchschnittlichen Anzahl von
Patienten im Alter von≥70Jahren mit mindestens einer TPU in 908 HA- und
107 FA-Praxen aus der IQVIA Disease Analyzer Datenbank zwischen den Jahren
2018–2019 (Prä-Pandemie) und 2020–2021 (Pandemie).
Ergebnisse In FA Praxen zeigte sich ein Rückgang (-18,4%)
von TPU von 2018–2019 zu 2020–2021. In HA-Praxen war dies nicht
der Fall (+ 2.6%). Sowohl bei HA als auch bei FA bestand
eine starke Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl der Patienten mit TPU und neu
diagnostizierter Demenz.
Schlussfolgerung Die Durchführung von Testungen in HA-Praxen
zeigte keinen Pandemie bedingten Leistungsrückgang, welcher in FA-Praxen
deutlich zu sehen war. Weitere Untersuchungen müssen folgen, um
mögliche Ursachen aufzuklären.
Prenatal Weight Change Trajectories and Perinatal Outcomes among Twin Gestations
Authors: Nichols Amy R. , Haeri Sina , Rudine Anthony , Burns Natalie , Rathouz Paul J. , Hedderson Monique M. , Abrams Steven A. , Foster Saralyn F. , Rickman Rachel , McDonnold Mollie , Widen Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2023

Objective Despite an increase in twin pregnancies in recent decades, the Institute of Medicine twin weight gain recommendations remain provisional and provide no guidance for the pattern or timing of weight change. We sought to characterize gestational weight change trajectory patterns and examine associations with birth outcomes in a cohort of twin pregnancies.
Study Design Prenatal and delivery records were examined for 320 twin pregnancies from a maternal–fetal medicine practice in Austin, TX 2011-2019. Prenatal weights for those with >1 measured weight in the first trimester and ≥3 prenatal weights were included in analyses. Trajectories were estimated to 32 weeks (mean delivery: 33.7 ± 3.3 weeks) using flexible latent class mixed models with low-rank thin-plate splines. Associations between trajectory classes and infant outcomes were analyzed using multivariable Poisson or linear regression.
Results Weight change from prepregnancy to delivery was 15.4 ± 6.3 kg for people with an underweight body mass index, 15.4 ± 5.8 kg for healthy weight, 14.7 ± 6.9 kg for overweight, and 12.5 ± 6.4 kg for obesity. Three trajectory classes were identified: low (Class 1), moderate (Class 2), or high gain (Class 3). Class 1 (24.7%) maintained weight for 15 weeks and then gained an estimated 6.6 kg at 32 weeks. Class 2 (60.9%) exhibited steady gain with 13.5 kg predicted total gain, and Class 3 (14.4%) showed rapid gain across pregnancy with 21.3 kg predicted gain. Compared to Class 1, Class 3 was associated with higher birth weight z-score (β = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31,0.96), increased risk for large for gestational age (IRR = 5.60, 95% CI: 1.59, 19.67), and birth <32 weeks (IRR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.10, 5.4) that was attenuated in sensitivity analyses. Class 2 was associated with moderately elevated birth weight z-score (β = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.48, p = 0.050).
Conclusion Gestational weight change followed a low, moderate, or high trajectory; both moderate and high gain patterns were associated with increased infant size outcomes. Optimal patterns of weight change that balance risk during the prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal periods require further investigation, particularly in high-risk twin pregnancies.
Key Points
Exploring Chemical Modifications of Aromatic Amino Acid Residues in Peptides
Authors: Paul Bishwajit , Maji Modhu Sudan , Bhunia Susanta , Purushotham Manasa , Karan Ganesh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe chemical diversification of biomolecules set forth a significant area of research that constitutes an important intersection between chemistry and biology. Amino acids and peptides are the fundamental building blocks of proteins and play essential roles in all living organisms. While significant efforts have been geared toward the chemical modification of amino acid residues, particularly the functionalization of reactive functional groups such as lysine NH2 and cysteine SH, the exploration of the aromatic amino acid residues of tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine has been relatively limited. Therefore, this review highlights strategies for the side-chain functionalization of these four aromatic amino acids in peptides, with a focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms. We have also illustrated the use of these modifications in the chemical and biological realm.1	Introduction2	Tryptophan Modifications3	Tyrosine Modifications4	Phenylalanine Modifications5	Histidine Modifications6	Perspectives and Future Outlook
Safe to Sleep in Tennessee: A Statewide Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Gutman Courtney E. , Scott Patricia A. , Morad Anna , Barker Brenda , Scott Theresa A. 
Published: May 2023

Objective Sleep-related deaths were the fourth leading cause of infant death in Tennessee between 2014 and 2018. In response, the Tennessee Initiative for Perinatal Quality Care developed a statewide quality improvement project, which focused on the demonstration and enforcement of a safe sleep environment in participating birthing hospitals to help families learn and practice the same at home. The project's aim was to improve the percent of infants audited for safe sleep practices (0–12 mo of age, cared for in participating newborn nurseries or neonatal intensive care units) that were compliant with the practices recommended by the 2016 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
Study Design Participating teams were required to develop and implement safe sleep policies in compliance with the AAP recommendations, provide safe sleep education to staff and families, and complete monthly safe sleep audits. A tool was provided to assess whether each audited infant was compliant with safe sleep recommendations and any reason(s) the infant was not compliant. Teams met virtually for monthly huddles and semiannual learning sessions to discuss the development and testing of change ideas.
Results The project teams were able to improve the percent of infants audited that were compliant with safe sleep recommendations by 22% over the course of the project. Audits revealed the main reasons for noncompliance were additional objects in the crib (49%, 329/671), unsafe bedding (27%, 181/671), and head of bed elevation (24%, 164/671).
Conclusion This project demonstrates the positive impact that a statewide quality improvement initiative can have on identifying and addressing barriers, sharing resources and education, and monitoring local and statewide data, which led to increased compliance with safe sleep recommendations in the hospital. Safe sleep education and monitoring should be ongoing as new parents and staff always need to be educated on safe sleep principles.
Key Points
Correlation between the Insertion Side of a Transcondylar Screw for the Surgical Management of Humeral Intracondylar Fissures in Dogs and the Incidence of Postoperative Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Potamopoulou Maria , Brown Gordon , Whitelock Richard 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective An increased rate of surgical site infection (SSI) following treatment of canine humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF) with a lateromedially (LM) placed transcondylar screw (TCS) compared with a mediolateral (ML) TCS has been previously postulated. We hypothesized that the direction of insertion of the TCS would not affect the incidence of postoperative SSI.
Study Design It was single-centre retrospective study. Dogs with HIF confirmed by computerized tomography, treated by TCS placement (between 2008 and 2019) and with a minimum follow-up of 12 weeks, were included. The following data were recorded: signalment, presenting clinical signs, direction of placement and size of the utilized TCS, surgical and anaesthetic times, concurrent surgical procedures, presence of concomitant elbow pathology, perioperative and postoperative antibiotic usage and postoperative complications. Recorded data were analysed with a multinomial logistic regression model with a p-value less than or equal to 0.05.
Results Thirty-five dogs (46 elbows) met the inclusion criteria. Median clinical follow-up interval was 52 weeks. Seven of thirty-one elbows with a ML TCS, and 4/15 elbows with a LM TCS developed SSI. Four of nine dogs that underwent bilateral single-surgery TCS placement developed SSI unilaterally.
Conclusion No significant difference was shown in short-term SSI occurrence between the ML and the LM direction of placement of the TCS.