bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanism for ensuring human rights and freedoms during police custody
Authors: Kaliman M. 
Published: July 2023

The scientific article was written with the aim of determining the mechanism of ensuring human rights and freedoms during police custody and the problem of its implementation in practice.
Under the mechanism of ensuring human rights and freedoms during police custody, it is proposed to understand the system of guarantees for ensuring human rights and freedoms, defined by international and domestic normative legal acts. Attention is focused on the constituent elements of the mechanism for ensuring human rights and freedoms during police custody.
The work defines ways of ensuring human rights by the police during police custody. The author singles out some problems of the implementation of police care in practice and offers ways to solve them.
The question of the use of force and special means by policemen during police custody is defined as debatable. Police custody is proposed to be understood as a measure that has a transitional nature from preventive to coercive. The question of whether police custody belongs to the types of police measures is considered open.
As a problematic point, the lack of numbering of police custody protocols is highlighted. It is proposed to supplement section II of the Instructions for the preparation of materials on the application of police custody with paragraph 1-1, which would provide for the presence of a protocol series and number.
Emphasis is placed on the lack of a clear definition of the appeal stage during the implementation of police custody. It is proposed to supplement the Instructions for the preparation of materials on the use of police custody with section IV "Appeals of Protocols".
The author emphasizes that the technical recording of a policeman's actions should become a mandatory element of his activity. It is proposed to delete the words "if technically possible" in Clause 6 of Chapter II of the Instructions for the preparation of materials on the use of police custody.
Outlined in the scientific article, the problems of the registration of police care are only the basis for further scientific research, which should clearly define the type of police measure of police care, the problems of its implementation taking into account the people-centered approach in the activities of the National Police, as well as ways to solve the identified problems by making changes to normative legal acts.
Concepts and types of administrative and legal forms of activity of the State Bureau Of Investigations of Ukraine
Authors: Lisoivan Ya. 
Published: July 2023

Based on the analysis of scientific concepts, various interpretations of the concept of "form", "administrative-legal form", "form of managerial activity" are considered from the point of view of the science of administrative law and the theory of management of law enforcement agencies. It is indicated that the definition of the concept and content of the administrative-legal form contributes to a full-fledged study of the specifics of the competence of the State Bureau of Investigation of Ukraine, their place in the system of law enforcement agencies. The proper definition of the administrative and legal form of activity of the SBI of Ukraine as a law enforcement body is provided, which should be understood as the external expression of administrative actions (procedures) of the bodies of the SBI of Ukraine (their officials), which are defined by administrative and legal norms, are carried out within the limits of the competences and powers granted by law, aimed at the achievement of certain goals and the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the SBI of Ukraine by the state, and which, in the process of implementing executive and administrative activities, may or may not cause legal consequences.
It is emphasized that the administrative and legal forms of activity of the SBI of Ukraine are characterized by the following features: 1) they are external ways of expressing the activities of the SBI bodies of Ukraine; 2) regulated by normative legal acts; 3) are used for the purpose of performing tasks and implementing functions assigned to the SBI of Ukraine in the law enforcement sphere; 4) are defined and applied within the competence of the SBI of Ukraine and depend on the scope of powers of the employees of the SBI of Ukraine; 5) are chosen depending on the ultimate goal, the achievement of which the activity of this law enforcement body is aimed at; 6) mostly cause certain legal consequences.
It was concluded that according to the current legislation of Ukraine, the administrative forms of activity of the SBI of Ukraine should be divided into two types: legal and organizational forms, based on the significance of the consequences that arise as a result of the implementation of the powers granted to it by law. Legal administrative forms include those that cause the appearance of a specific legal result. Legal forms in the activity of the SBI of Ukraine include: 1) issuance of departmental normative acts; 2) conclusion of agreements; 3) committing legally significant actions. It is indicated that those forms that do not directly have legal significance are illegal. These include: holding meetings, developing plans, projects and programs, forecasting actions, providing methodical recommendations to structural units, taking appropriate measures aimed at improving the quality of practical activities of units.
The right of health protection and medical assistance for servicemen and war veterans under the conditions of the state of martial
Authors: Mashika P. 
Published: July 2023

The article examines the impact of the humanization trend on the development the constitutional law, in terms of expanding the range of rights and freedoms servicemen and war veterans, the guarantee of state protection, directly from illegal acts and the bureaucratized institutional mechanism of the rights protection. It has been analyzed the legal acts defining the main principles of state policy in the field of social protection the servicemen and legal acts of regulating the military service. It has been illuminated the model of relations between the state and servicemen in terms of guaranteeing their rights of social protection.
The urgency of improving the legal mechanism by supplementing it with procedural norms is emphasized in connection with the need to record the behavior of subjects who issue a medical opinion on the state of servicemen’s health. It has been substantiated the inextricable connection between the social security of servicemen and the level of their moral and psychological state, which directly affects the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
We proposed the creation of a special protocol of behavior that would ensure fair military service. Taking into account the unique experience caused by the war, the legislator has a real opportunity to settle this issue and improve the legal framework by introducing effective mechanisms for ensuring the social rights of real servicemen who take a direct part in the defense of Ukraine, without abusing their official position or the status of a serviceman, while not taking participation in hostilities and defense of the state
Use of artificial intelligence during elections, practice, threats to the right to vote and ways to overcome them
Authors: Asiryan S. 
Published: July 2023

This article explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in elections and its impact on the right to votr. It examines the practical aspects of the application of AI in the electoral process, as well as the potential threats it may pose to democratic principles and human rights.
The paper analyzes various aspects of the use of AI during elections, including the automation of vote counting, election forecasting, and the impact of social media and crowdsourcing on political advertising. It also explores the potential of using AI to detect electoral fraud and manipulation, such as disinformation and falsification of results.
However, the article also draws attention to the threats that arise in connection with the use of AI during elections. These threats include the possibility of manipulation of election results, violations of the privacy, and the possibility of creating artificial accounts or bots to mass influence public opinion.
Finally, the article examines ways to overcome these threats and protect human electoral rights. It discusses the need to develop effective laws and regulations to ensure the transparency, auditability and security of electoral processes that use AI. It also considers the importance of educating voters and politicians about these technologies and the conscious use of AI in political processes. In addition, the article considers the importance of international cooperation and the creation of standards for the ethical use of AI by electoral bodies and political actors. However, the use of artificial intelligence during elections can also pose threats to citizens' right to vote. For example, there may be a lack of transparency and accountability of the algorithms used to analyze election data and make decisions. This can lead to unfair or hidden influence on the election process and voting results.
In addition, there is a risk of artificial intelligence being misused to manipulate voters by spreading false information or manipulating political sentiment. Algorithms can be configured to enhance certain views or suppress others, which can expose the electoral process and violate the principles of democratic elections.
Effective legal regulation is necessary to overcome the threats associated with the use of artificial intelligence during elections.
It is important to establish mandatory norms regarding the transparency and accountability of algorithms used during election processes. This may include requiring disclosure of the underlying principles and logic underlying algorithms, as well as mandatory testing and independent verification of their effectiveness and lack of bias.
It is necessary to consider the introduction of restrictions on the use of artificial intelligence in the field of political advertising and information campaign. This may include restrictions on the use of personalized advertising, mandatory identification and disclosure of sources of funding for political advertising campaigns, as well as regulation of the use of social networks.
Idle shot or upward shot: necessity or possibility in official and combat activities of police officers (theoretical aspect)
Authors: Tinin D. , Myslyva O. 
Published: July 2023

In the conditions of martial law, the use of coercive measures by the police on the territory of Ukraine, and especially firearms, should focus on achieving the goal and averting the danger created during contact with offenders. The system of levers guaranteeing the safety of police officers at the legislative level requires special attention, because this is one of the requirements of Art. 29 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police" of 2015. According to the requirements of the same article, such measures must also be necessary, proportionate and effective.
Modern Ukraine is faced with complex tasks to ensure public safety and order. Today, the protection of our state is the priority area of activity of all law enforcement agencies. Professional orientation involves understanding and internal perception of the goals and tasks of professional activity. The changes taking place in the content of the professional orientation are reflected in the fact that they strengthen the motives related to professional activity, call for the desire to conscientiously perform one's official duties, the desire to show oneself as a qualified specialist and achieve success in work, increasing the sense of responsibility.
The national legislation of Ukraine is in the stage of reformation and undergoes changes every day, taking into account certain precedents that law enforcement officers face in their daily official and combat activities.
In this article, attention is focused on the analysis of an important aspect of the service-combat activity of police officers - a blank shot or a shot upwards. The topic is studied from a theoretical point of view in order to reveal its necessity and possibilities in the work of police officers.
The article examines the concepts of blank shot and upward shot, analyzes their theoretical foundations and practical significance in the context of police work. Focusing on the safety and strategic use of firearms, the paper explores the positives and negatives of firing blanks and firing upwards.
The paper analyzes the possibilities of a blank shot or an upward shot in the work of police officers. Analyzing such factors as the impact on the psychological state of criminals, intimidation, preventive measures and the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies, the authors made conclusions about the need to use a blank shot or a shot upwards as a means of ensuring public safety and the effectiveness of police intervention.
Types of fixing the involvement of a specialist in criminal proceedings
Authors: Antonyuk Р. , Voloshyn O. , Soroka І. 
Published: July 2023

The article examines the importance of involving a specialist in criminal proceedings as a person who, unlike the subject of the investigation, has such professional competences (in the form of knowledge and skills) that allow establishing factual data about the circumstances relevant to the proceedings. Cases of mandatory involvement of a specialist in procedural actions are determined.
Attention is focused on the correct definition of the purpose of involving a specialist in procedural actions - gathering evidence, in connection with which the opinion is substantiated regarding the importance of such registration of the results of the involvement of a specialist, which would ensure the appropriateness and admissibility of the collected evidence and their further use in the proving process.
An analysis of the types of fixation of the involvement of a specialist in criminal proceedings determined by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine is carried out and an assessment of their procedural capacity is carried out in relation to the defined purpose of the involvement of a specialist. Conclusions about the inability of certain types of fixation of the specialist's involvement in procedural actions defined by the legislator as evidence are substantiated. Emphasis is placed on the loss of evidence when choosing such types of fixation of the involvement of a specialist.
The advantages of this type of fixation of the results of the involvement of a specialist in criminal proceedings are determined as a written explanation of the specialist who participated in the relevant procedural action, attached to the proceedings as an appendix to the protocol. By analyzing the constructions of criminal procedural norms, the place of such explanations in the system of procedural sources of evidence is determined. The position regarding the possibility and expediency of forming written explanations of specialists in the form of certain professional conclusions is substantiated.
The opinion is advocated regarding the need to replace a specialist's written explanation, as a form of reflecting the results of his application of his professional competences, of such a "dead" institution in the investigation of criminal misdemeanors as a specialist's conclusion, which did not find its implementation in the practical activity of pre-trial investigation bodies.
A novel case of tracheal injury secondary to gunshot trauma in a white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)
Authors: Gerard Mathew P. , Blikslager Anthony T. , Marais H. Johan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe a case of tracheal injury secondary to gunshot trauma in a rhinoceros.

ANIMALS
5-year-old female white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum).

CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES
The rhinoceros was found alive with an apparent bullet entry wound cranial to the left shoulder. The rhinoceros was agitated and had bilateral epistaxis and increased respiratory noise. Immobilization of the animal facilitated closer examination and initiation of medical therapy. Radiographs obtained of the neck region at this first examination were nondiagnostic. Subsequent immobilization events allowed for further diagnostics and treatment.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Initial treatment included a broad-spectrum antibiotic and a corticosteroid. Five days following the injury, the rhinoceros was considered stable, and the animal was immobilized to investigate the cause of the epistaxis and respiratory signs. Tracheoscopy revealed a full-thickness penetrating wound in the mid to caudal region of the trachea, and the surface of a metallic projectile was viewed within the wound. Medical treatment was continued and the rhinoceros was managed conservatively. At 14 days, radiographs of the neck made with a more powerful unit revealed tissue emphysema dorsal to the trachea. A subsequent tracheoscopy 54 days after injury revealed a granulated wound. Follow-up at 4 years after injury determined that the rhinoceros was reported to be behaving normally and had successfully calved.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Gunshot wounds associated with poaching are a prevalent problem in rhinoceros in Africa. Although more aggressive therapy including surgery may likely be considered in zoo or domestic animals, limited conservative treatment was successful in this wild-managed rhinoceros.
The Biogas an Alternative between Certainty and Uncertainty for the Transition to Green Energy
Authors: Negrea Camelia Gabriela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
At the moment the world is facing a global energy security problem. Most countries have been faced with difficult decisions to take about energy, what stocks they can make, when and how it is used, what is the maximum annual production they can achieve from both renewable and non-renewable sources, and what the future will look like with the transition to green energy. This transition has been intensely debated by all European countries, as well as by other countries outside the European Union. The European Union has set two deadlines (2030, 2050) to significantly reduce its carbon footprint. Looking at geopolitical factors from a not-so-optimistic perspective, the transition to green energy has been put under accelerated debate and decisions are starting to take shape. This can be on the one hand encouraging, on the other hand it challenges a number of vectors: political, mechanical, physical, legal. The synergy between all these factors is extremely important if the transition to green energy is to be successful. One of the options that could be exploited is the production of biogas and its use in extended areas, as the main resources for obtaining it are varied and inexhaustible, at least for the moment. An example of the efficient use of biogas is CrisTim, which has started to use this green energy to heat its production halls. Another example of this is Schwab Agro SRL, an agricultural and wine company that has incorporated biogas production into its business. The resulting biogas is used to heat the greenhouses it owns and in other production activities. This article aims to highlight the major importance that biogas could have, and the long-term sustainability it offers. The methodology of the paper is based on a comparative analysis of studies and indicators. The literature in this field is becoming more and more extensive, as interest in this direction has been growing recently. This paper aims to analyze whether this direction towards biogas can be the optimal option for most European countries and the key to a sustainable energy source.
Does Military Spending Spur Economic Growth? An Empirical Approach
Authors: Bran Alexandra-Carmen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study examines the complexities involved in calculating the impact of military spending on economic growth, as well as the reasons for the lack of consensus in the academic literature. It explores econometric approaches for panels and provides a brief overview of economic theory, highlighting the difficult identification challenges involved in identifying the connection between military expenditures and output. Using the enlarged SIPRI military spending data, a relatively large and balanced panel of nations for the period 1960-2014 is constructed. Rather than focusing on the direct relationship between military spending and economic growth, this paper emphasizes the investment channel. It presents estimates of various models analyzing the interaction between the three variables and concludes that the data do not indicate strong relationships between military expenditure and investment or growth. Given the identified theoretical and economic issues, this is not unexpected.
Logistics Security in the Era of Big Data, Cloud Computing and IoT
Authors: Enache Gabriela Ioana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the backdrop of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the use of new technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G, big data and cloud computing, this research paper intends to analyze the many cybersecurity concerns encountered by the logistics industry. This paper will offer insights into the main cybersecurity concerns affecting the logistics industry and explain viable ways for reducing these risks through a thorough study of recent research.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has made it possible to use smart devices that can gather and analyze massive volumes of data in real-time, giving logistical operations valuable information. But as IoT devices develop, the attack surface also grows, leaving logistical systems open to digital attacks. With the introduction of 5G networks, the connection is now quicker and more dependable, enabling real-time communication between IoT devices and making it easier to implement cutting-edge logistical systems.
Real-time data analysis is made possible through the scalable and secure infrastructure provided by cloud computing, which also improves the security of logistics systems. Security measures for logistics systems will grow more and more dependent on cybersecurity, IoT, 5G, big data, and cloud computing as logistics organizations continue to adopt digital technologies.
Rethinking Manager’s Core Competence Paradigm by Integrating Intercultural Competence at Its Heart
Authors: Tudoran Diana , Deaconu Alecxandrina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Manager’s role has become more complex along the decades due to social, economic and political changes that affected business worldwide. This paper is part of a larger project to highlight the importance of intercultural competence as a core management competence in an era of globalization, workforce cultural diversity, international business, worldwide connectivity. Based on a thorough bibliographic investigation including books, statistics, relevant business literature and journals, articles, research studies, meta-analysis, mega-trends analysis, we demonstrate the need to review the most important management trends and paradigms for a better understanding of a manager’s role along the time and at present and we bring arguments to support a manager’s core competence paradigm by integrating intercultural competence at its heart. By direct observation and informal interviews with managers working in multinationals exposed to a multicultural environment, we collected and presented several case studies in our paper to show that successful managers should possess intercultural competency in order to manage cross-culturally for their teams’ wellbeing and efficiency and for company productivity.