bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme thermodynamics in nanolitre volumes through stimulated Brillouin–Mandelstam scattering
Authors: Geilen Andreas , Popp Alexandra , Das Debayan , Junaid Saher , Poulton Christopher G. , Chemnitz Mario , Marquardt Christoph , Schmidt Markus A. , Stiller Birgit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExamining the physical properties of materials—particularly of toxic liquids—under a wide range of thermodynamic states is a challenging problem due to the extreme conditions the material has to experience. Such temperature and pressure regimes, which result in a change in the refractive index and sound velocity, can be accessed by optoacoustic interactions such as Brillouin–Mandelstam scattering. Here we demonstrate the Brillouin–Mandelstam measurements of nanolitre volumes of liquids in extreme thermodynamic regimes. This is enabled by a fully sealed liquid-core optical fibre containing carbon disulfide. Within this waveguide, which exhibits tight optoacoustic confinement and a high Brillouin gain, we are able to conduct spatially resolved measurements of the local Brillouin response, giving us access to a resolved image of the temperature and pressure values along the liquid channel. We measure the material properties of the liquid core at very large positive pressures (above 1,000 bar) and substantial negative pressures (below –300 bar), as well as explore the isobaric and isochoric regimes. The extensive thermodynamic control allows the tunability of the Brillouin frequency shift of more than 40% using only minute volumes of liquid.
β-Arrestin-independent endosomal cAMP signaling by a polypeptide hormone GPCR
Authors: Blythe Emily E. , von Zastrow Mark 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate a second phase of stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein (Gs)-coupled cAMP signaling after endocytosis. The prevailing current view is that the endosomal signal is inherently β-arrestin-dependent because β-arrestin is necessary for receptor internalization and, for some GPCRs, to prolong the endosomal signal. Here we revise this view by showing that the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VIPR1), a secretin-family polypeptide hormone receptor, does not require β-arrestin to internalize or to generate an endosomal signal. β-Arrestin instead resolves the plasma membrane and endosomal signaling phases into sequential cAMP peaks by desensitizing the plasma membrane phase without affecting the endosomal phase. This appears to occur through the formation of functionally distinct VIPR1–β-arrestin complexes at each location that differ in their phosphorylation dependence. We conclude that endosomal GPCR signaling can occur in the absence of β-arrestin and that β-arrestin sculpts the spatiotemporal profile of cellular GPCR–G protein signaling through location-specific remodeling of GPCR–β-arrestin complexes.
IL-12 sensing in neurons induces neuroprotective CNS tissue adaptation and attenuates neuroinflammation in mice
Authors: Andreadou Myrto , Ingelfinger Florian , De Feo Donatella , Cramer Teresa L. M. , Tuzlak Selma , Friebel Ekaterina , Schreiner Bettina , Eede Pascale , Schneeberger Shirin , Geesdorf Maria , Ridder Frederike , Welsh Christina A. , Power Laura , Kirschenbaum Daniel , Tyagarajan Shiva K. , Greter Melanie , Heppner Frank L. , Mundt Sarah , Becher Burkhard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInterleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent driver of type 1 immunity. Paradoxically, in autoimmune conditions, including of the CNS, IL-12 reduces inflammation. The underlying mechanism behind these opposing properties and the involved cellular players remain elusive. Here we map IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) expression to NK and T cells as well as neurons and oligodendrocytes. Conditionally ablating the IL-12R across these cell types in adult mice and assessing their susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis revealed that the neuroprotective role of IL-12 is mediated by neuroectoderm-derived cells, specifically neurons, and not immune cells. In human brain tissue from donors with multiple sclerosis, we observe an IL-12R distribution comparable to mice, suggesting similar mechanisms in mice and humans. Combining flow cytometry, bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we reveal an IL-12-induced neuroprotective tissue adaption preventing early neurodegeneration and sustaining trophic factor release during neuroinflammation, thereby maintaining CNS integrity in mice.
Tension as a key factor in skin responses to pollution
Authors: Pambianchi Erika , Hagenberg Zachary , Pecorelli Alessandra , Pasqui Arianna , Therrien Jean-Philippe , Valacchi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBeing the more apparent organ exposed to the outdoor stressors, the effect of pollution on the skin has been widely studied in the last few decades. Although UV light is known as the most aggressive stressor to which our cutaneous tissue is daily exposed, other components of the tropospheric pollution have also shown to affect skin health and functionality. Among them, ozone has been proven to be one of the most toxic due to its high reactivity with the epidermal lipids. Studying the cutaneous effect of pollution in a laboratory setting presents challenges, therefore it becomes critical to employ appropriate and tailored models that aim to answer specific questions. Several skin models are available nowadays: in vitro models (2D cell lines and 3D cutaneous tissues), ex vivo skin explants and in vivo approaches (animals and humans). Although in the last 20 years researchers developed skin models that closely resemble human skin (3D cutaneous tissues), ex vivo skin explants still remain one of the best models to study cutaneous responses. Unfortunately, one important cutaneous property that is not present in the traditional ex vivo human skin explants is the physiological tension, which has been shown to be a cardinal player in skin structure, homeostasis, functional properties and responses to external stimuli. For this reason, in this study, to confirm and further comprehend the harmful mechanism of ozone exposure on the integumentary system, we have performed experiments using the state of art in cutaneous models: the innovative TenSkin™ model in which ex vivo human skin explants are cultured under physiologically relevant tension during the whole experimental procedure. Specifically, we were interested in corroborating previous findings showing that ozone exposure modulates the expression of cutaneous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The present work demonstrates that cutaneous exposure to ozone induces AMPs gene and protein levels (CAMP/LL-37, hBD2, hBD3) and that the presence of tension can further modulate their expression. In addition, different responses between tension and non-tension cultured skin were also observed during the evaluation of OxInflammatory markers [cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), matrix-metallo-proteinase 9 (MMP9) and 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4HNE)]. This current study supports our previous findings confirming the ability of pollution to induce the cutaneous expression of AMPs via redox signaling and corroborates the principle that skin explants are a good and reliable model to study skin responses even though it underlines the need to holistically consider the role of skin tension before extrapolating the data to real life.
Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157 isolated from cow milk and milk products, Ethiopia
Authors: Sarba Edilu Jorga , Wirtu Wakuma , Gebremedhin Endrias Zewdu , Borena Bizunesh Mideksa , Marami Lencho Megersa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEscherichia coliis a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility ofE. coliandE. coliO157 in milk and milk products and hygienic practices in West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Five hundred fifty-six milk samples comprising 421 udder milk, 57 bulk tank milk, and 78 milk products were investigated. Moreover, a questionnaire was administered to 145 participants to assess hygienic practices. A standard microbiological procedure was used to detectE. coliandE. coliO157. The Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Petri film plates were used to enumerate the coliform in raw bulk tank milk. Farm and animal-levelE coliprevalence were estimated and association with risk factors was assessed.Escherichia coliwas detected in 33.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 29.9–37.9%) of the samples, of which only one isolate (0.2%) wasE. coliO157.Escherichia colicontamination was higher in bulk tank samples (47.4%; 95% CI 34.0–61.0%) than in udder milk (34.7%; CI 30.1–39.4%), cottage cheese (27.0%; 95% CI 14.6–43.9%), and yoghurt 10.5% (95% CI 2.9–24.8%). For the animal-levelE. colicontamination, only the study area was identified as a risk factor. Risk factors such as types of milk containers, udder washing practices, hygiene, and management systems were associated with both farm-level and milk productsE. colicontamination. Most (59.0%) of the farmers practice udder washing only before milking and the remaining did not practice udder washing at all. The mean coliform count in raw bulk tank milk was higher than the international standard (4.09 log10 CFU/ml). All the 42E. coliisolates tested were multidrug resistant. The occurrence ofE. coliis high, while that ofE. coliO157 is too low. The milk-handling practices are poor in the study areas. The high prevalence ofE. coli, as well as the high coliform count and higher multi-drug resistance may pose risk to public health and food safety. Therefore, proper hygienic practices throughout the milk chain as well as rational drug use are advised.
Seasonal wild dance of dual endosymbionts in the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)
Authors: Štarhová Serbina Liliya , Corretto Erika , Enciso Garcia Juan Sebastian , Berta Michela , Giovanelli Tobia , Dittmer Jessica , Schuler Hannes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost sap-feeding insects maintain obligate relationships with endosymbiotic bacteria that provide their hosts with essential nutrients. However, knowledge about the dynamics of endosymbiont titers across seasons in natural host populations is scarce. Here, we used quantitative PCR to investigate the seasonal dynamics of the dual endosymbionts “Candidatus Carsonella ruddii” and “Ca. Psyllophila symbiotica” in a natural population of the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae). Psyllid individuals were collected across an entire year, covering both summer and overwintering generations. Immatures harboured the highest titers of both endosymbionts, while the lowest endosymbiont density was observed in males. The density of Carsonella remained high and relatively stable across the vegetative period of the pear trees, but significantly dropped during the non-vegetative period, overlapping with C. pyricola’s reproductive diapause. In contrast, the titer of Psyllophila was consistently higher than Carsonella’s and exhibited fluctuations throughout the sampling year, which might be related to host age. Despite a tightly integrated metabolic complementarity between Carsonella and Psyllophila, our findings highlight differences in their density dynamics throughout the year, that might be linked to their metabolic roles at different life stages of the host.
Scaling logical density of DNA storage with enzymatically-ligated composite motifs
Authors: Yan Yiqing , Pinnamaneni Nimesh , Chalapati Sachin , Crosbie Conor , Appuswamy Raja 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDNA is a promising candidate for long-term data storage due to its high density and endurance. The key challenge in DNA storage today is the cost of synthesis. In this work, we propose composite motifs, a framework that uses a mixture of prefabricated motifs as building blocks to reduce synthesis cost by scaling logical density. To write data, we introduce Bridge Oligonucleotide Assembly, an enzymatic ligation technique for synthesizing oligos based on composite motifs. To sequence data, we introduce Direct Oligonucleotide Sequencing, a nanopore-based technique to sequence short oligos, eliminating common preparatory steps like DNA assembly, amplification and end-prep. To decode data, we introduce Motif-Search, a novel consensus caller that provides accurate reconstruction despite synthesis and sequencing errors. Using the proposed methods, we present an end-to-end experiment where we store the text “HelloWorld” at a logical density of 84 bits/cycle (14–42× improvement over state-of-the-art).
Nanoencapsulated phase change material in a trapezoidal prism wall under the magnetic field effect for energy storage purposes
Authors: Younis Obai , Abderrahmane Aissa , Hatami Mohammad , mourad Abed , Guedri Kamel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, Nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCM) have attracted the attention of researchers due to their promising application in thermal management. This research investigates magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection of NEPCM contained within a lid-driven trapezoidal prism enclosure containing a hot-centered elliptical obstacle. The upper cavity wall is moving at a constant velocity; both inclined walls are cold, while the rest of the walls are insulated. The Galerkin Finite Element Method was used to solve the system's governing equations. The influence of Reynolds number (Re 1–500), Hartmann number (Ha = 0–100), NEPCM volumetric fraction φ (0–8%), and elliptical obstacle orientation α (0–3π/4) on thermal fields and flow patterns are introduced and analyzed. The results indicated that the maximum heat transfer rate is observed when the hot elliptic obstacle is oriented at 90°; an increment of 6% in the Nu number is obtained in this orientation compared to other orientations. Reducing Ha from 100 to 0 increased Nu by 14%. The Maximum value of the Bejan number was observed for the case of Ha = 0, α = 90° and φ = 0.08.
Sexual segregation results in pronounced sex-specific density gradients in the mountain ungulate, Rupicapra rupicapra
Authors: Edelhoff Hendrik , Milleret Cyril , Ebert Cornelia , Dupont Pierre , Kudernatsch Thomas , Zollner Alois , Bischof Richard , Peters Wibke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSex-specific differences in habitat selection and space use are common in ungulates. Yet, it is largely unknown how this behavioral dimorphism, ultimately leading to sexual segregation, translates to population-level patterns and density gradients across landscapes. Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra r.) predominantly occupy habitat above tree line, yet especially males may also take advantage of forested habitats. To estimate male and female chamois density and determinants thereof, we applied Bayesian spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models in two contrasting study areas in the Alps, Germany, during autumn. We fitted SCR models to non-invasive individual encounter data derived from genotyped feces. Sex-specific densities were modeled as a function of terrain ruggedness, forest canopy cover, proportion of barren ground, and site severity. We detected pronounced differences in male and female density patterns, driven primarily by terrain ruggedness, rather than by sex-specific effects of canopy cover. The positive effect of ruggedness on density was weaker for males which translated into a higher proportion of males occupying less variable terrain, frequently located in forests, compared to females. By estimating sex-specific variation in both detection probabilities and density, we were able to quantify and map how individual behavioral differences scale up and shape spatial patterns in population density.
Merger-induced star formation in the low-metallicity dwarf galaxy NGC 4809/4810
Authors: Gao Yulong , Gu Qiusheng , Liu Guilin , Zhang Hongxin , Shi Yong , Dou Jing , Li Xiangdong , Kong Xu 
Published: September 2023

Context. The physical mechanisms driving starbursts in dwarf galaxies are unclear, and the effects of mergers on star formation in these galaxies are still uncertain.
Aims. We explore how the merger process affects star formation in metal-poor dwarf galaxies by analyzing high spatial resolution (∼70 pc) integral field spectrograph observations of ionized gas.
Methods. We used archival data from the Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer to map the spatial distribution of strong emission lines (e.g., Hβ, Hα, [O III] λ5007, and [N II] λ6583) in the nearby merging star-forming dwarf galaxy system NGC 4809/4810.
Results. We identify 112 star-forming knots scattered among the two galaxies, where the gas-phase metallicity distribution is inhomogeneous and mixes with metal-poor and metal-rich ionized gas. Star-forming knots at the interacting region show lower metallicity, the highest star formation rates (SFRs), and the highest ratio of the SFR to the resolved main-sequence relation (rMSR). Ionized gas exhibits an obvious northeast–southwest velocity gradient in NGC 4809, but appears to be mixed in NGC 4810. The high virial parameters and the stellar mass-size relation of the H II regions indicate that these regions are dominated by direct radiation pressure from massive stars (or clusters) and expand persistently. We find two different relations of the stellar mass surface density to stellar age in NGC 4809 and NGC 4810, and the stellar ages of NGC 4810 are systematically younger than those in NGC 4809.
Conclusions. Our study suggests that the merging stage of two dwarf galaxies can induce starburst activities in the interaction areas despite the metal-deficient environment. Considering the high specific SFRs and different stellar ages, we propose that the interaction initially triggered star formation in NGC 4809 and then drove star formation in NGC 4810.
TITANS metal-poor reference stars
Authors: Giribaldi R. E. , Van Eck S. , Merle T. , Jorissen A. , Krynski P. , Planquart L. , Valentini M. , Chiappini C. , Van Winckel H. 
Published: September 2023

Context. Representative samples of F-, G-, K-type stars located outside of the solar neighbourhood have started to become available in spectroscopic surveys. The fraction of metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≲ −0.8 dex) giants becomes increasingly relevant towards greater distances. In metal-poor stars, effective temperatures (Teff) based on local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) spectroscopy and on former colour–Teff relations – which are still widely used – have been reported to be inaccurate. It is necessary to recalibrate chemical abundances based on these Teff scales in the multiple available surveys in order to bring them to the same standard scale for their simultaneous use. To this end, a complete sample of standards is required, which until now has been restricted to a few stars with quasi-direct Teff measurements.
Aims. We aim to provide a legacy sample of metal-poor standards with proven accurate atmospheric parameters. We add 47 giants to the TITANS metal-poor reference stars.
Methods. We derived Teff using 3D non-LTE Hα modelling, the accuracy of which was tested against interferometry and with the Infra Red Flux Method (IRFM). We derived surface gravity (log ɡ) by fitting Mg I b triplet lines, and tested their accuracy against asteroseismology. Metallicity was derived using Fe II lines, and we find our results to be identical to the [Fe/H] derived from non-LTE spectral synthesis.
Results. The Teff that we find using 3D non-LTE Hα is equivalent to interferometric and IRFM temperatures within a ±46 K uncertainty. We achieve precision of ~50 K for 34 stars with spectra with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). For log ɡ, we achieve a total uncertainty of ±0.15 dex. For [Fe/H], we obtain a total uncertainty of ±0.09 dex. We find that the ionisation equilibrium of Fe lines under LTE is not valid in metal-poor giants. LTE leads to a small but significant metallicity underestimation of ~0.1 dex when derived from weak Fe I lines, and only provided accurate Teff and log ɡ. This bias totally disappears under non-LTE.
Empirische Befunde des Jahres 2022 zur Versorgung Schwerstkranker und Sterbender in Krankenhäusern und stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen
Authors: George Wolfgang 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn die statistische Auswertung einer zwischen Mai und Oktober 2020 deutschlandweit durchgeführten Untersuchung zu den psychosozialen und medizinisch-pflegerischen Sterbebedingungen gelangten 855 Teilnehmer. Der hierfür verwendete Fragebogen entsprach weitgehend einer Form, welche bereits 2013/2014 und 1988 durchgeführt wurde. Zusätzlich wurden Erfahrungen zur Coronapandemie und der Zukunft der Versorgung Sterbender ermittelt. Als Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass sich sowohl die erreichten Strukturmerkmale als auch Versorgungsqualitäten gegenüber der letzten Studie 2013/2014 nur geringfügig verändert haben. Indes weisen die Ergebnisse zu den unterschiedlichen Krankenhausversorgungsbereichen (Stationen) z.T. erhebliche Unterschiede auf. Gezeigt werden kann ferner, wie z.T. dramatisch (etwa in Bezug auf die Integration von Angehörigen) sich die Coronapandemie auf die Betreuung Sterbender ausgewirkt hat. Für die Zukunft sieht eine große Gruppe der Befragten die Betreuung von Sterbenden vor sehr großen Herausforderungen.
Anwendung von Indocyaningrün (IGC) in der robotischen Leberchirurgie
Authors: Franz Mareike , Croner Roland 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIndocyaningrün (IGC) ist ein Fluoreszenzfarbstoff, der durch Hepatozyten aufgenommen und biliär ausgeschieden wird. Dadurch kann er zur Leberfunktionsdiagnostik eingesetzt werden. Neben
dieser Eigenschaft kumuliert ICG in und um primäre und sekundäre Lebertumoren, die dadurch intraoperativ durch Stimulation mit Licht von 840 nm fluoreszierend dargestellt werden können.
Durch die biliäre Ausscheidung werden die extrahepatischen Gallengänge mittels ICG visualisiert. Mithilfe von direkter oder indirekter Fluoreszenzangiografie können intraoperativ
individuelle Lebersegmente oder Lebersegmentkombinationen identifiziert werden. Da besonders bei minimalinvasiven Operationen die Haptik fehlt, kann ICG durch die genannten Eigenschaften
dazu beitragen, in Kombination mit dem intraoperativen Ultraschall die onkologische Präzision bei der Operation von Lebertumoren zu optimieren. Bei Eingriffen an den Gallengängen können
durch deren Darstellung mittels ICG unnötige Komplikationen vermieden werden. Die Identifikation von Lebersegmenten verbessert die chirurgische Präzision, was postoperative Komplikationen
reduzieren kann. Aufgrund seiner vielseitigen, einfachen und nebenwirkungsarmen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten bietet ICG gute Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz bei robotischen hepatobiliären
Operationen. Im folgenden Video werden Beispiele zur intraoperativen Nutzung von ICG im Rahmen robotischer Eingriffe demonstriert.