bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational drug design targeting intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Wang Hanping , Xiong Ruoyao , Lai Luhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are proteins that perform important biological functions without well‐defined structures under physiological conditions. IDPs can form fuzzy complexes with other molecules, participate in the formation of membraneless organelles, and function as hubs in protein–protein interaction networks. The malfunction of IDPs causes major human diseases. However, drug design targeting IDPs remains challenging due to their highly dynamic structures and fuzzy interactions. Turning IDPs into druggable targets provides a great opportunity to extend the druggable target‐space for novel drug discovery. Integrative structural biology approaches that combine information derived from computational simulations, artificial intelligence/data‐driven analysis and experimental studies have been used to uncover the dynamic structures and interactions of IDPs. An increasing number of ligands that directly bind IDPs have been found either by target‐based experimental and computational screening or phenotypic screening. Along with the understanding of IDP binding with its partners, structure‐based drug design strategies, especially conformational ensemble‐based computational ligand screening and computer‐aided ligand optimization algorithms, have greatly accelerated the development of IDP ligands. It is inspiring that several IDP‐targeting small‐molecule and peptide drugs have advanced into clinical trials. However, new computational methods need to be further developed for efficiently discovering and optimizing specific and potent ligands for the vast number of IDPs. Along with the understanding of their dynamic structures and interactions, IDPs are expected to become valuable treasure of drug targets.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Nanotechnology‐enhanced radiotherapy and the abscopal effect: Current status and challenges of nanomaterial‐based radio‐immunotherapy
Authors: Viswanath Dhushyanth , Park Jeehun , Misra Rahul , Pizzuti Vincenzo J. , Shin Sung‐Ho , Doh Junsang , Won You‐Yeon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRare but consistent reports of abscopal remission in patients challenge the notion that radiotherapy (RT) is a local treatment; radiation‐induced cancer cell death can trigger activation and recruitment of dendritic cells to the primary tumor site, which subsequently initiates systemic immune responses against metastatic lesions. Although this abscopal effect was initially considered an anomaly, combining RT with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies has been shown to greatly improve the incidence of abscopal responses via modulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that nanomaterials can further improve the reliability and potency of the abscopal effect for various different types of cancer by (1) altering the cell death process to be more immunogenic, (2) facilitating the capture and transfer of tumor antigens from the site of cancer cell death to antigen‐presenting cells, and (3) co‐delivering immune checkpoint inhibitors along with radio‐enhancing agents. Several unanswered questions remain concerning the exact mechanisms of action for nanomaterial‐enhanced RT and for its combination with immune checkpoint inhibition and other immunostimulatory treatments in clinically relevant settings. The purpose of this article is to summarize key recent developments in this field and also highlight knowledge gaps that exist in this field. An improved mechanistic understanding will be critical for clinical translation of nanomaterials for advanced radio‐immunotherapy.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Military Workforce Analytics
Authors: Straver Michelle C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a consequence of the closed, hierarchical nature of military organizations, good planning is key to ensuring that a military workforce will be well-situated to meet future demands. This chapter explores the role of data-driven decision support (referred to as analytics) in military workforce planning. As an applied research field, analytics aims to provide actionable insights and practical solutions to questions posed by decision-makers. Since data underlie all analytics, this chapter touches on the challenges of data-related issues such as accessibility, integration, and completeness, highlighting the importance of understanding the data and the context around it. Next, several areas where analytics are used to solve military workforce planning problems are discussed. This will give the reader a sense of the breadth of the domain, as well as the various approaches that can be employed by a practitioner.
Scale, the Local and Cultural Policy’s Geographies
Authors: Bell David , Orozco Lourdes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDavid Bell and Lourdes Orozco introduce key debates in human geography about spatial scale and about the scale of the local, set in the context of cultural policy’s geographies. The chapter’s focus is on how different understandings of spatial scale matter for cultural policy research and practice. Unpacking the local scale and showing it to be relational and translocal, the chapter then deploys key concepts to a case study—a previous research project by the authors that investigated small arts venues, their neighbourhoods and their audiences. By focusing on the urban, neighbourhood and individual (person/building) scales, and then discussing these relationally as an arts ecology, the case study shows how a scalar approach can bring new ways of understanding cultural policy’s geographies.
Scaling Heritage: Situated Policy in an Expanded Ontology
Authors: Graham Helen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolicy contains a certain political ontology; on behalf of others, for their benefit, to direct their subsequent action. This is a political ontology that can work at any scale, including the local. Yet ‘local’ also smuggles in other ontologies. Local can also mean not universal, not replicable, not lasting. In this chapter an idea of ‘local policy’ as ‘situated policy’ is developed, drawing on Donna Haraway’s ‘situated knowledges’ and Bruno Latour and Michael Callon’s ideas of scale. ‘Situated policy’ offers an analytical means of working with the intrinsic political ontology of policy—that policy seeks to set a direction and direct others’ behaviour—while investing it with a self-conscious recognition that all policy is itself produced in a local place and that to have impact policy will need to negotiate with multiple other locals and different political ontologies as it meets the ground.
Community Management of Local Cultural Assets: Implications for Inequality and Publicness
Authors: Rex Bethany 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRex offers a much-needed examination of the application of the community asset transfer (CAT) process to cultural infrastructure in England. CAT is the transfer of publicly owned buildings to a third-sector organisation. Several local authorities have sought to transfer buildings used for cultural activity in response to funding cuts implemented by central government in 2010. Drawing on original research conducted in three locations across England, the chapter explores the inequalities that arise from implementing this approach in a period of austerity. It also argues that the business models underpinning these organisations limit their ambitions to make culture accessible to a broad range of demographic groups. The chapter argues that cultural policy should consider these spaces as key sites where its ambitions for the cultural sector to become more democratic could be realised.
Devolved Responsibility: English Regional Creative Industries Policy and Local Industrial Strategies
Authors: Bulaitis Zoe Hope , Gilmore Abigail 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe potential for cultural and creative industries (CCIs) to support national economic growth was first identified by the UK mapping report (DCMS, Creative industries mapping document. HMSO, 1998) and recently reiterated in a “sector deal” for creative industries (Bazalgette, Independent review of the creative industries. Department for Media, Culture and Sport, September 22. www.gov.uk/government/publications/independent-review-of-the-creative-industries, 2017) accompanying the UK’s Industrial Strategy (BEIS, Industrial strategy: Building a Britain fit for the future. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, November 27. Accessible via www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-strategy-building-a-britain-fit-for-the-future, 2017). This chapter explores the role of these narratives of CCI policymaking within two city-regional Local Industrial Strategy (LIS) pilots in the West Midlands and the North West of England. Using discourse analysis of LIS pilots, it compares their social practices and discourses which reveal “the local”, the rhetoric of creativity and the boundary work (Lamont & Molnár, The study of boundaries in the social sciences. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 167–195. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevsoc.28.110601.141107, 2002) within policy processes. It finds evidence of contractual relationships between the national and the local, and, following Paasi (Regional geography in 2020. In A. Kobayashi (Ed.), International encyclopedia of human geography. Elsevier, 2020), discursive practices and social interactions that mark out borders of these city-regions, revealing the agency of place within centrally driven policy instruments designed to support economic growth at a sub-national level.
Circularity at Micro Level: A Business Perspective
Authors: Patil Rashmi Anoop , van Langen Sven Kevin , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCircularity assessment at the micro-level (for businesses) is critical for a systemic transition towards a CE as businesses are an integral part of the economy. There are wide-ranging indicators and varying practices and tools for measuring the circularity of businesses due to lack of a standard to monitor and report progress towards the implementation of the CE. Besides, most small and medium businesses lack the know-how or resources to measure their circularity. To cater to such needs, we present a generic methodology and a comprehensive set of indicators for assessing circularity at the micro-level that aligns well with the CE principles and goals. Further, a real-world case study is discussed based on publicly available data (reported by the company), as an example of how companies are trying to become circular in practice. At the end of the chapter, major strategies (along with examples) are recommended that can aid businesses in chartering towards circularity.
Analysis of local extracellular matrix identifies different aetiologies behind bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve degeneration and suggests therapies
Authors: Beusch Christian M. , Simonson Oscar E. , Wedin Johan O. , Sabatier Pierre , Felldin Ulrika , Kadekar Sandeep , Österholm Cecilia , Végvári Ákos , Zubarev Roman A. , Fromell Karin , Nilson Bo , James Stefan , Ståhle Elisabeth , Grinnemo Karl-Henrik , Rodin Sergey 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAortic valve degeneration (AVD) is a life-threatening condition that has no medical treatment and lacks individual therapies. Although extensively studied with standard approaches, aetiologies behind AVD are unclear. We compared abundances of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins from excised valve tissues of 88 patients with isolated AVD of normal tricuspid (TAV) and congenital bicuspid aortic valves (BAV), quantified more than 1400 proteins per ECM sample by mass spectrometry, and demonstrated that local ECM preserves molecular cues of the pathophysiological processes. The BAV ECM showed enrichment with fibrosis markers, namely Tenascin C, Osteoprotegerin, and Thrombospondin-2. The abnormal physical stress on BAV may cause a mechanical injury leading to a continuous Tenascin C-driven presence of myofibroblasts and persistent fibrosis. The TAV ECM exhibited enrichment with Annexin A3 (p = 1.1 × 10–16 and the fold change 6.5) and a significant deficit in proteins involved in high-density lipid metabolism. These results were validated by orthogonal methods. The difference in the ECM landscape suggests distinct aetiologies between AVD of BAV and TAV; warrants different treatments of the patients with BAV and TAV; elucidates the molecular basis of AVD; and implies possible new therapeutic approaches. Our publicly available database (human_avd_ecm.surgsci.uu.se) is a rich source for medical doctors and researchers who are interested in AVD or heart ECM in general. Systematic proteomic analysis of local ECM using the methods described here may facilitate future studies of various tissues and organs in development and disease.
Absence of Principal Eigenvalues for Higher Rank Locally Symmetric Spaces
Authors: Weich Tobias , Wolf Lasse L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGiven a geometrically finite hyperbolic surface of infinite volume it is a classical result of Patterson that the positive Laplace–Beltrami operator has no $$L^2$$

L
2

-eigenvalues $$\ge 1/4$$

≥
1
/
4

. In this article we prove a generalization of this result for the joint $$L^2$$

L
2

-eigenvalues of the algebra of commuting differential operators on Riemannian locally symmetric spaces $$\Gamma \backslash G/K$$

Γ
\
G
/
K

of higher rank. We derive dynamical assumptions on the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-action on the geodesic and the Satake compactifications which imply the absence of the corresponding principal eigenvalues. A large class of examples fulfilling these assumptions are the non-compact quotients by Anosov subgroups.
Calorons and Constituent Monopoles
Authors: Foscolo Lorenzo , Ross Calum 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study anti-self-dual Yang–Mills instantons on$${\mathbb {R}}^{3}\times S^{1}$$R3×S1, also known as calorons, and their behaviour under collapse of the circle factor. In this limit, we make explicit the decomposition of calorons in terms of constituent pieces which are essentially charge 1 monopoles. We give a gluing construction of calorons in terms of the constituents and use it to compute the dimension of the moduli space. The construction works uniformly for structure group an arbitrary compact semi-simple Lie group.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the pyrolysis dynamics of a single wood particle: presentation of the radiographic technique
Authors: Kazimierski Paweł , Januszewicz Katarzyna , Hercel Paulina , Kardaś Dariusz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPyrolysis is an oxygen-free process for the thermal decomposition of raw materials. The heat conduction and flow of pyrolysis products (i.e., the gas fraction and liquid vapour generated during pyrolysis) influence the process and products. In this work, the influence of the orientation of wooden particle fibres with respect to the direction of the heat source on the dynamics of the process was investigated, where there were two particle sizes oriented along or across the heat source. The novelty of this work lies in the use of a radiographic technique for analysing the influence of wooden fibres' orientation on the degradation process. The research showed that during pyrolysis, the mass loss rate in the particles with fibres oriented across the heat source and along the heat source was different. A similar tendency was characteristic for the drying process. The dynamics of pyrolysis of a single wood particle depends on many factors—particle size, process parameters, arrangement of fibres in wood, etc. The analysis of the dynamics presented in the publications is based on the analysis of the dynamics of mass loss, which is a very large simplification. The publication contains experimental analysis and mathematical calculations of the pyrolysis process for samples of various sizes and samples with different fibre arrangement. The result of the research is the determination of trends regarding the shape of the particle and the arrangement of fibres on the process, which provides knowledge that can be translated into industrial pyrolysis processes.
Using genomics and morphometrics to monitor data-poor and commercially exploited octopod populations
Authors: Hua Qiaz Q. H. , Thomson Vicki A. , Strugnell Jan M. , Martino Jasmin C. , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Doubleday Zoe A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver 150 species of benthic octopods have been described within the ‘catch-all’ Octopus genus (Family: Octopodidae) and yet, many Octopus species harvested by fisheries remain unidentified to species-level due to a lack of distinguishing traits. Within species, there is also limited information on how populations differ genetically and the level of connectivity between populations. Therefore, we sampled octopods from commercial fisheries in southeast Australia, in order to identify the species, examine the phylogeographic relationships among species and the level of population genetic structuring within species, as well as to look for any adaptive genetic variation. The mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase subunit III (COIII), was sequenced in 346 octopods along with single nucleotide polymorphisms using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). Morphometric traits were also measured in mature specimens. The southern keeled octopus (‘Octopus’berrima) and pale octopus (‘Octopus’pallidus) were identified using COIII data. For ‘Octopus’berrima, we found that some populations whilst being morphologically similar were genetically distinct. In contrast, ‘Octopus’pallidus populations were both morphologically and genetically distinct across the studied regions. Our results provide key information to better inform conservation and management decisions for developing octopod fisheries in southeast Australia and highlight the importance of genomics tools in the conservation management of commercially and recreationally important species.
Enhancing insecticidal efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab through pH-sensitive encapsulation
Authors: Jalali Elham , Bel Yolanda , Maghsoudi Shahab , Noroozian Ebrahim , Escriche Baltasar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nanotechnology is a promising way to enhance the stability of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins under environmental conditions. In this work, two emulsions were prepared through the Pickering emulsion technique, stabilized by Cu2+-SQDs/S-CN nanocomposites and by GO nanosheets. In addition, a pH-sensitive polymer was incorporated into these emulsions, allowing the Bt protein, Cry1Ab, to be released in an alkaline pH environment, as it occurs in the lepidopteran pests’ gut. The effectiveness of these two nanomaterials in protecting Cry1Ab from degradation, and therefore enhancing its pesticidal activity, was assessed by exposing samples of the purified unprotected protein and encapsulated protein to high-intensity UV light and 40°C temperature treatments. The UV treatment results were evaluated using SDS-PAGE analysis and pointed out that Cry1Ab could be structurally protected by the emulsions. The bioassays with first instar larvae of the lepidopteran pest Ostrinia nubilalis confirm the nanomaterial protection to UV and temperature treatments, i.e., decreasing about half the degradation rate and increasing up to 12-fold the residual activity after UV treatment. Our results indicate that encapsulation could be an effective strategy to improve the effectiveness of Cry1Ab under environmental conditions.

Key points
• Pickering emulsions are effective for solubilized Cry1Ab encapsulation.
• Structural and toxicity Cry1Ab properties are enhanced by pH-sensitive encapsulation.
• Cu2+−SQDs/S-CN and GO nanomaterials improve the efficacy of Bt insecticides.
Short-term outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with or without lateral tenodesis or anterolateral ligament reconstruction: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Hantouly Ashraf T. , Ahmed Abdulaziz F. , Fermin Theodorakys Marin , Macchiarola Luca , Sideris Vasileios , Papakostas Emmanouil , Hooghe Pieter D’ , Al-Khelaifi Khalid , Olory Bruno , Zikria Bashir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) alone, ACLR with lateral tenodesis, and ACL and ALL reconstruction.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of prospectively collected data on all ACL procedures was performed at Aspetar Specialized Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital between January 2020 and January 2021. Patients were treated with ACLR alone, ACLR with lateral tenodesis, or ACLR with ALL reconstruction. The primary outcome was the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (sIKDC) score. The secondary outcomes were the ACL Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scores, pivot shift grade, subjective knee stability, and subjective pain on activity.

Results
A total of 100 cases were included. The most common technique was ACLR with lateral tenodesis (42%), followed by ACLR alone (38%) and ACL with ALL reconstruction (20%). The mean age was 28.15 years (15–60), and 94% of the patients were males. Meniscal procedures were more frequent in the ACLR alone group (65.8%). There was no association between subjective stability, sIKDC, ACL-RSI, and pivot shift grade and the three ACLR techniques while adjusting for age, sex, and concomitant meniscus procedures at six weeks, 12 weeks, six months, and nine months. However, there was a significant decrease in postoperative flexion in the ACL and ALL reconstruction group by a mean of 22° (95% CI − 40.7 − 3.4; P = 0.02) at 6 weeks compared to ACLR alone, which was not evident on later follow-ups.

Conclusion
ACLR with/without lateral augmentation procedures yields similar subjective IKDC, ACL-RSI, pivot shift grade, and subjective knee instability at short-term follow-up. Therefore, lateral extra-articular augmentation procedures are safe to be performed.
Urban Trees and Hydrological Ecosystem Service: A Novel Approach to Analyzing the Relationship Between Landscape Structure and Runoff Reduction
Authors: Amini Parsa Vahid , Istanbuly Mustafa Nur , Kronenberg Jakub , Russo Alessio , Jabbarian Amiri Bahman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUrban stormwater runoff has posed significant challenges in the face of urbanization and climate change, emphasizing the importance of trees in providing runoff reduction ecosystem services (RRES). However, the sustainability of RRES can be disturbed by urban landscape modification. Understanding the impact of landscape structure on RRES is crucial to manage urban landscapes effectively to sustain supply of RRES. So, this study developed a new approach that analyzes the relationship between the landscape structural pattern and the RRES in Tabriz, Iran. The provision of RRES was estimated using the i-Tree Eco model. Landscape structure-related metrics of land use and cover (LULC) were derived using FRAGSTATS to quantify the landscape structure. Stepwise regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between landscape structure metrics and the provision of RRES. The results indicated that throughout the city, the trees prevented 196854.15 m3 of runoff annually. Regression models (p ≤ 0.05) suggested that the provision of RRES could be predicted using the measures of the related circumscribing circle metric (0.889 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.954) and the shape index (r2 = 0.983) of LULC patches. The findings also revealed that the regularity or regularity of the given LULC patches’ shape could impact the patches’ functions, which, in turn, affects the provision of RRES. The landscape metrics can serve as proxies to predict the capacity of trees for potential RRES using the obtained regression models. This helps to allocate suitable LULC through optimizing landscape metrics and management guidance to sustain RRES.