bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building a Named Entity Recognition model for Ethiopian Languages: a comparative analysis of composite feature embedding
Authors: Hirpassa Sintayehu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Named Entity Recognition (NER) has become a critical and essential step in information extraction, machine translation, and question-and-answering systems in a different language. One of the most important factors which directly and significantly affects the quality of the NER is the selection and encoding of the input features to generate rich semantic and grammatical representation vectors. However, the existing NER models are insufficient to handle new and unseen entity types from the growing Amharic digital data, and the development of more effective and accurate NER models is being widely researched. In this regard, herein, we propose a deep learning NER model that effectively represents word tokens through the design of a combinatorial feature embedding; and performed a comparative analysis with the existing models for Ethiopian languages. The word vectors built for all tokens using an unsupervised learning algorithm was merged with a set of specifically developed language-independent features and together fed to the neural network model to predict the classes of the words. Empirical results over the Ethiopian language dataset show that the use of character-level word embeddings in conjunction with other features in BiLSTM-CRF models leads to comparable state-of-the-art performance. Besides just showing the ability of our model to generalize to different languages, we evaluated the model and obtained state-of- the-art performances: 92.88%, and 82.35% of accuracy on AM_NER and Oro_ NER datasets, respectively.
Patients’ experience with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for DLBCL in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Mao Yiwen , Huang Lihong , Ruan Haitao , Guo Yue , Ni Sha , Ling Yuying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The experiences of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have received little attention. This study aimed to explore the treatment experience of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphoma during CAR T-cell therapy in China.
Methods
This descriptive qualitative study was conducted using face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 21 DLBCL patients 0–2 years after CAR-T infusion. Two researchers independently coded the interviews in MAXQDA 2022, and the original data were analyzed by conventional content analysis.
Results
Four themes emerged from the transcripts: (1) physiological distress; (2) functional impacts; (3) psychological experience; and (4) support requirement. Participants expressed 29 short-term or long-term symptoms related to their disease and treatment that are influencing their daily life and function in a social setting. Participants expressed different negative emotions, polarized expectations about efficacy, and over-reliance on authoritative medical care. Their major concerns and hopes were achieving life goals, being treated with respect, obtaining more information about CAR T-cell therapy, and receiving government financial sponsorship.
Conclusions
Patients experienced short-term and long-term symptoms of physical distress. Patients who have experienced failure in CAR T-cell treatment also experienced strong negative emotions, such as dependency and guilt. They also required spiritual and financial information that are authentic. Our study may guide the development of standardized and comprehensive nursing care for R/R DLBCL patients undergoing CAR T-cell treatment in China.
Exosomal PGE2 from M2 macrophage inhibits neutrophil recruitment and NET formation through lipid mediator class switching in sepsis
Authors: Ma Zhengliang , Jiao Yang , Zhang Ti , Liu Mei , Zhou Luyang , Qi Mengzhi , Xie Xin , Huang Yulin , Xu Rui , Shi Xueyin , Gu Xiaoping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExcess polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment or overzealous neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation could lead to the development of multiple organ dysfunction during sepsis. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exo) have exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in some inflammatory diseases to mediate organ functional protection. However, whether M2-Exo could modulate PMN abnormal behaviors to prevent potentially deleterious inflammatory effects during sepsis is poorly understood. Here, we report that M2-Exo inhibited PMN migration and NET formation, alleviated lung injury and reduced the mortality without significantly affecting bacterial load in the lungs in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model. In vitro co-culture experiments using PMNs isolated from both healthy volunteers and septic patients further demonstrated that M2-Exo significantly decreased PMN migration and NET formation capacity, leading to lipid mediator class switching from proinflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4) to anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 (LXA4) through upregulating 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) expression in PMNs. Treatment with LXA4 receptor inhibitor attenuated the function of M2-Exo on PMNs and lung injury. Mechanistically, LXA4 increased by M2-Exo inhibited PMN function through downregulating chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expressions in PMNs. In addition, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was highly expressed in M2-Exo. By deleting PGE2 in M2-Exo, we found that exosomal PGE2 from M2 macrophage was necessary for 15-LO upregulation and PMN inhibition through functioning on EP4 receptor. Our findings reveal a previously unknown role of M2-Exo in regulating PMN migration and NET formation, thus highlighting the potential application of M2-Exo in controlling PMN-mediated tissue injury in patients with sepsis.
A structured, telephone-delivered intervention to reduce methamphetamine use: Study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lubman Dan , Manning Victoria , Arunogiri Shalini , Hall Kate , Reynolds John , Straglinos Peta , Petukhova Rachel , Gerhard Robyn , Tyler Jonathan , Bough Anna , Harris Anthony , Grigg Jasmin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground Australia has one of the highest rates of methamphetamine (MA) use in the world; however, uptake of in-person psychological treatment remains extremely low due to numerous individual (e.g., stigma, shame) and structural (e.g., service accessibility, geographical location) barriers to accessing care. Telephone-delivered interventions are ideally placed to overcome many of the known barriers to treatment access and delivery. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) will examine the efficacy of a standalone, structured telephone-delivered intervention to reduce MA problem severity and related harms. Methods This study is a double-blind, parallel group RCT. We will recruit 196 ± 8 individuals with mild to moderate MA use disorder from across Australia. After eligibility and baseline assessments, participants will be randomly allocated to receive either the Ready2Change-Methamphetamine (R2C-M) intervention (n = 98 ± 4; four to six telephone-delivered intervention sessions, R2C-M workbooks, and MA information booklet) or control (n = 98 ± 4; four to six ≤ 5-minute telephone check-ins and MA information booklet including information on accessing further support). Telephone follow-up assessments will occur at 6-weeks and 3-, 6- and 12-months post-randomisation. The primary outcome is change in MA problem severity (Drug Use Disorders Identification Test, DUDIT) at 3 months post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes are: MA problem severity (DUDIT) at 6- and 12-months post-randomisation; amount of methamphetamine used, methamphetamine use days, methamphetamine use disorder criteria met, cravings, psychological functioning, psychotic-like experiences, quality of life, and other drug use days (at some or all timepoints of 6-weeks and 3-, 6- and 12-month post-randomisation). Mixed-methods program evaluation will be performed and cost effectiveness will be examined. Discussion This study will be the first RCT internationally to assess the efficacy of a telephone-delivered intervention for MA use disorder and related harms. The proposed intervention is expected to provide an effective, low-cost, scalable treatment for individuals otherwise unlikely to seek care, preventing future harms and reducing health service and community costs.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04713124, pre-registered 19 January, 2021.Protocol versionV5 01 September 2022
Comparative study of biomechanical effects between two types of 2 × 4 techniques employing a rocking-chair archwire: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Wang Shaotai , Hu Min , Wang Sihan , Qi Huichuan , Song Dongsheng , Jiang Huan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

ObjectivesAfter bonding brackets to the first deciduous molar in a 2 × 4 technique, a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) is used to demonstrate the biomechanical changes in an orthodontic system. This study aims to opt for the appropriate type of orthodontic technology by analyzing and comparing the mechanical systems produced by two types of 2 × 4 technologies employing rocking-chair archwires.Materials and methodsHerein, maxilla and maxillary dentition are modeled by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D FEA. Common clinically used round titanium-molybdenum alloy archwires (diameter: 0.016’’ and 0.018’’) and round stainless-steel archwires (diameter: 0.016’’ and 0.018’’) are bent into the shape of a rocking chair with a depth of 3 mm. The forces and moments applied to the brackets are transferred to the dentition to evaluate the biomechanical effects of the 2 × 4 technique after the bracket is bonded to the first deciduous molar.ResultsWhen using the same size and orthodontic technique, the forces and moments applied to the teeth by the rocking-chair stainless-steel archwire are approximately three times those applied by the rocking-chair titanium-molybdenum alloy archwire. Therefore, this study investigates only the initial movements of teeth and periodontal ligaments using round stainless-steel archwires. The left-hand side of the patient is defined as the positive X-axis direction, rear as the positive Y-axis direction, and top as the positive Z-axis direction. For the central incisor, the teeth-moving distance in all three directions increases with the bracket bonding to the first deciduous molar using the 0.016’’ rocking-chair archwire. No significant differences between the two orthodontic methods using a 0.018’’ archwire are observed. For the lateral incisor, the tooth root moves toward the gingival side when using 0.016’’ and 0.018’’ archwires. Moreover, for the same archwire size, the lateral incisors move toward the gingival side by bonding the bracket to the first deciduous molar, which is conducive to the anterior teeth intrusion. For the first molar, using rocking-chair 0.016’’ or 0.018’’ archwires, after the bracket is bonded to the first deciduous molar, in the X-axis direction, the buccal movement distance of the first molar crown increases. In the Y-axis and Z-axis directions, the modified 2 × 4 technology significantly increases the effect of backward-tipping compared with the traditional 2 × 4 technology; thus, the modified 2 × 4 technology considerably reduces the anchorage loss.ConclusionsIn clinical practice, the modified 2 × 4 technology can be used to increase the movement distance of anterior teeth to a certain extent and accelerate the orthodontic teeth movement. Moreover, the modified 2 × 4 technology is better in anchorage conversation of the first molar than the traditional technology.
Developing a warning model of potentially inappropriate medications in older Chinese outpatients in tertiary hospitals: a machine learning study
Authors: Hu Qiaozhi , Tian Fangyuan , Lin Gongchao , Teng Fei , xu Ting 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Due to multiple comorbidillnesses, polypharmacy, and age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in older adults, the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is high, which affects the quality of life of older adults. Building an effective warning model is necessary for the early identification of PIMs to prevent harm caused by medication in geriatric patients. The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning-based model for the warning of PIMs in older Chinese outpatients.
Method
This retrospective study was conducted among geriatric outpatients in nine tertiary hospitals in Chengdu from January 2018 to December 2018. The Beers criteria 2019 were used to assess PIMs in geriatric outpatients. Three problem transformation methods were used to tackle the multi-labelclassification problem. After the division of patients into the training and test sets (8:2), we adopted sixwidely used classification algorithms to conduct the classification task and assessed the discriminative performance by the accuracy, precision, recall, F1 scores, subset accuracy (ss Acc) and Hamming loss (hm) of each model.
Results
Among 11741 older patient prescriptions, 5816 PIMs were identified in 4038(34.39%) patient prescriptions. A total of 41 types of PIMs were identified in these prescriptions. The three problem transformation methods included Label Power Set (LP), Classifier Chains (CC), and Binary Relevance (BR). Six classification algorithms were used to establish thewarning models, including Random Forest (RF), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), CatBoost, Deep Forest (DF), and TabNet. The CC+CatBoost model had the highest accuracy value (97.83%), recall value (89.34%), F1 value (90.69%), and ss Acc value (97.79%) with good precision value (92.18%) and had the lowest hm value (0.0006). Therefore, the CC+CatBoost model was selected to predict the occurrence of PIM in geriatric Chinese patients.
Conclusion
This study novelty establishes a warning model for PIMs in geriatricpatients by using machine learning. With the popularity of electronic patient record systems, sophisticated computer algorithmscan be implemented at the bedside to improve medication use safety in geriatric patients in the future.
Are People Able and Willing to Pay for CBHI Membership in Ethiopia? National Household Survey
Authors: Mirach Tsega Hagos , Berhanu Negalign , Dessie Ermias , Medhin Girmay , Alemayehu Yibeltal Kiflie , Fekadu Lelisa , Kiros Mizan , Walelign Fasil , Dadi Tegene Legese , Tigabu Setegn , Tadesse Daniel , Demissie Mekdes , Abebe Frehiwot , Abebe Gudeta , Argaw Muluken , Tiruneh Getachew , Reshad Abduljelil , Jemal Seid , Abdella Zemecha , Haile Hagos , Tesefaye Kiflu , Habte Tigistu , Berhanu Damtew , Teklu Alula M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The existing evidence on households’ ability and willingness to join the community-based health insurance (CBHI) scheme in Ethiopia is inadequate and lacks representativeness and disaggregation. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the ability to pay (ATP) and willingness to pay (WTP) for CBHI membership and to identify factors that WTP
Methods
A nationwide cross-sectional household survey, involving both CBHI member and nonmember households, was conducted from February to May 2020. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select enumeration areas (EAs) and households from within EAs. ATP was measured using the spending net of the poverty line approach. The maximum monetary value that obtained a “yes” response in the bidding game exercise was used as a measure of WTP. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with WTP.
Results
Among the study participants, 30.9% were active members of the scheme. The mean ATP was Ethiopian Birr (ETB) 3,992.45 (USD 139.4) at 10% and ETB 15,969.82 (USD 557.6) at 40% cutoff. The mean WTP was ETB 244 (SD = ETB 175.4) in rural areas and ETB 361.6 (SD = ETB 210.8) in urban areas per household per year. The average WTP was higher if the family size was increased by one person both in rural (AMD = 9.3; 95% CI [6.8, 11.9]) and urban (AMD = 7.2; 95% CI [1.0, 13.4]) settings and positively associated with ATP for CBHI (AMD = 64.1; 95% CI [6.3, 121.8]) in urban settings. The male and literate respondents in urban areas had higher mean WTP values (AMD = 39.8; 95% CI [13.1, 66.4] and AMD = 56.8; 95% CI [26.1, 87.4], respectively) compared to their counterparts. Being a leader in the Health Development Army (HDA), Women’s Development Army (WDA), or a 1:5 network (in urban settings) positively affected WTP (AMD = 23.4; 95% CI [3.4, 43.5]).
Conclusions
Most households could afford the CBHI premiums at a 10% threshold. Premium revisions based on ATP, while addressing challenges in WTP through an in-depth understanding of modifiable factors and by adopting effective strategies to modify these factors, is crucial.
Optical Flow Correction Network for Repairing Video
Authors: Huang Fujie , Luo Bin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Some areas in the video may be defective due to storage medium damage or data transmission loss. The defective area can be repaired utilizing the optical flow since the optical flow represents the motion information of the pixel and contains the information redundancy properties of the video. However, it is a challenge for current algorithms to directly calculate the correct optical flow in the defective area. Therefore, an optical flow correction network (OFC-Net) is proposed to solve this problem. Firstly, as the basic framework, OFC-Net employs a lightweight U-shaped structure to gradually "repair" the broken optical flow map based on the known information in the defective neighborhood. And then the activation function that conforms to the property of optical flow is used to accelerate the model's convergence during training, while the simplified loss function is adopted to evaluate the similarity of the optical flow map from a global perspective to improve the prediction accuracy. As a result, the corrected optical flow output at the masked position can be obtained. Secondly, the optical flow corrected by OFC-Net can guide locating the pixels in nearby frames to repair the defective region. Optical flow correction and video repair experiments were conducted on MPI Sintel, DAVIS datasets, and real movie clips. The experimental results show that the corrected optical flow map is accurate without bringing artifacts under a wide range of scenarios and the arbitrary irregular mask shapes, which demonstrate the network's strong generalization capabilities. The average PSNR and SSIM of repaired video frames are greater than 33.67 and 0.986, respectively, outperforming the results from the traditional method PatchMatch and deep learning-based synthetic pixel methods.
Predictability of migraine by identifying novel biomarkers in PAM rs73189054 at chromosome 5q21 Position
Authors: Huang Hsiao-Ling , Lin Chun Hsiang , Liu Wen-Hsiu , Lee Ying-Shiung , Wu Chi-Ling 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Some genes influenced by these variants are highly expressed in vascular tissues and dysfunction can play a role in migraine. The richest tissues are part of blood vessels. In this study, a novel biomarker to predict prevalent migraine by association and mechanisms was presented.
Methods
Using Microarray data collection and processing and migraine summary GWAS database. Then using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), heuristic fine mapping by FUMA GWAS, and identification of PAM in the position of chromosome 5q21 by Pheweb of the biobank and MR-based platform.
Results
GSEA identified positions that were significantly increased by PAM overexpression, and gene expression was assessed in migraine patients (GSE76242). On position chromosome 5q21, modules were enriched in migraine patients with an enrichment score - 0.50, the nominal enrichment score was 1.15, and the nominal p-value (0.30142567) migraine.
In FUMAGWAS, we added an analyzer for gene set analysis by enrichment. One of the GeneSets was chromosome 5q21, N was 15, n was 2, the value of P was 2.14e-4, the adjusted P was 1.60e-2, and the genes were the PAM gene and were assigned by the SNP coding area rs73189054 (lead SNP).
Conclusions
In conclusion, this study provides a novel migraine rs73189054 from PAM rs73189054, in the position of chromosome 5q21. In particular, it could be determined to predict the susceptibility and vulnerability of migraine.
Melanoleuca monticola and M. romanensis, two new European species of Melanoleuca, and comments to M. graminicola group
Authors: Antonín Vladimír , Ďuriška Ondrej , Jančovičová Soňa , Kudláček Tomáš , Para Roberto , Ševčíková Hana , Tomšovský Michal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Melanoleuca is one of the taxonomically most complicated genera of Agaricomycetes. The aim of this study is taxonomic revision of European specimens confused with M. angelesiana A.H. Sm. and delimitation of four species, M. brachyspora Harmaja, M. graminicola (Velen.) Kühner & Maire, M. rufipes Bon and M. stridula (Fr.) Singer. The research is based on macro- and micromorphological characters and the multigene phylogenetic analyses of a combined (ITS, rpb2, and tef1) dataset. According to the result, the two new species are proposed – M. monticola sp. nov. which accomodates European specimens previously confused with American species M. angelesiana and M. romanensis sp. nov. from Italy. Moreover, American specimens identified as M. angelesiana belongs to three different phylogenetic species (M. angelesiana sensu typi, M. acystidiata aff. and one more separate lineage). M. graminicola is emended and the respective epitype designated. An identification key of the European species of subg. Urticocystis is provided.
Long-term safety and efficacy of a foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens for the correction of myopia
Authors: Royo Mariano , Jiménez Ángel , Piñero David P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze and report the 13-year follow-up outcomes in terms of efficacy and safety of eyes implanted with the spherical version of a foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) for the correction of myopia.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the results of 56 eyes of 32 patients (age, 19-45 years) who underwent implantation of the spherical model of the Artiflex pIOL (Ophtec B.V., Groningen, The Netherlands) for the correction of myopia. Visual, refractive, biometric, intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal endothelial changes were evaluated during a 13-year follow-up.
Results: At 4 weeks postoperatively, a significant reduction of manifest sphere and spherical equivalent (SE), with a significant improvement of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) associated (all p<0.001) were found. No significant changes were found during the rest of follow-up in sphere (p≥0.072). The percentage of eyes with SE within ±1.00 D was over 83% during the whole follow-up. A non-significant trend to IOP increase was observed at 4 weeks postoperatively (p=0.530), with a significant reduction at 1 year after (p=0.039) and no significant changes during the rest of follow-up (p=0.180). There was an initial significant reduction of anterior chamber depth (p<0.001), with no significant changes during the following 9 years of follow-up (p=0.118). Mean endothelial cell loss changed from 2.01% at 4 weeks after surgery to 9.11% at the end of the follow-up. No complications were reported during the follow-up.
Conclusions: Myopia correction with the Artiflex pIOL is an effective and safe procedure in the long term.