bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplicity of a navigational path. What does that actually mean?
Authors: Kopacz Piotr 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe understanding and interpretation of simplicty in the context of a navigational path can be ambiguous. Different approaches to path planning are briefly juxtaposed, focusing on their simplicity-based distinctive features. This takes into consideration the response to drift caused by air or water currents and the geometric background. Special attention is paid to the straight-line-based solutions which are preferred by the human convenience and perception, recalling some well-known applications in navigation and including their (dis)advantages. In particular, this refers to the Euclidean simplicity applied at the cost of effectiveness in the standard search and rescue (SAR) patterns in the presence of relatively stronger position-dependent currents.
Multiple random walks on graphs: mixing few to cover many
Authors: Rivera Nicolás , Sauerwald Thomas , Sylvester John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRandom walks on graphs are an essential primitive for many randomised algorithms and stochastic processes. It is natural to ask how much can be gained by running$k$multiple random walks independently and in parallel. Although the cover time of multiple walks has been investigated for many natural networks, the problem of finding a general characterisation of multiple cover times forworst-casestart vertices (posed by Alon, Avin, Koucký, Kozma, Lotker and Tuttle in 2008) remains an open problem. First, we improve and tighten various bounds on thestationarycover time when$k$random walks start from vertices sampled from the stationary distribution. For example, we prove an unconditional lower bound of$\Omega ((n/k) \log n)$on the stationary cover time, holding for any$n$-vertex graph$G$and any$1 \leq k =o(n\log n )$. Secondly, we establish thestationarycover times of multiple walks on several fundamental networks up to constant factors. Thirdly, we present a framework characterisingworst-casecover times in terms ofstationarycover times and a novel, relaxed notion of mixing time for multiple walks called thepartial mixing time. Roughly speaking, the partial mixing time only requires a specific portion of all random walks to be mixed. Using these new concepts, we can establish (or recover) theworst-casecover times for many networks including expanders, preferential attachment graphs, grids, binary trees and hypercubes.
Asymmetric effects of news through uncertainty
Authors: Forni Mario , Gambetti Luca , Sala Luca 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBad news about future economic developments have larger effects than good news. The result is obtained by means of a simple nonlinear approach based on SVAR and SVARX models. We interpret the asymmetry as arising from the uncertainty surrounding economic events whose effects are not perfectly predictable. Uncertainty generates adverse effects on the economy, amplifying the effects of bad news and mitigating the effects of good news.
Dosimetrical assessment of jaw tracking technique in volumetric modulated arc therapy for a sample of patients with lateralised targets
Authors: Diaz Moreno Rogelio Manuel , Almada Maria José , García Andino Albin Ariel , Venencia Carlos Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction:In modulated radiotherapy treatments with the jaw tracking technique (JTT), the collimator jaws can dynamically follow the multileaf collimator apertures and reduce radiation leakage. This reduction protects normal tissue from unwanted doses. Previous research has highlighted the importance of defining which patients will benefit most from JTT. Besides, some authors have expressed their concerns about possible increases in monitor units (MUs). Treatments of patients with peripheral targets and isocentre located in the patient’s midline are of particular interest. The current work assessed the effect of JTT on these cases.Methods:JTT plans for thirty-two patients were compared to plans with the static jaws technique. The volumes of normal tissue receiving 5 Gy (V5), 10 Gy (V10) and 20 Gy (V20), mean dose (Dmean), target coverage parameters D95, D2% and Paddick’s conformity index (PCI) were compared. MUs were also registered for comparisons. The decrease in the jaws opening with JTT was correlated to the decrease in dose values in normal tissue.Results:Small decreases were observed in D95 and in D2% values, without statistical significance. A 5% average decrease in PCI values was noticed as well as significant decreases in V5, V10 and Dmean values, 9% on average. A 3% decrease in V20 was also observed. The number of MUs decreased by 2%. A significant correlation was found between the reduction of the secondary collimation opening areas and the dose delivered to normal tissue.Conclusions:JTT technique improved normal tissue protection in volumetric modulated arc therapy treatments for the patients included in the present study.
Do Survey Questions Spread Conspiracy Beliefs?
Authors: Clifford Scott , Sullivan Brian W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConspiracy theories and misinformation have become increasingly prominent in politics, and these beliefs have pernicious effects on political behavior. A prominent line of research suggests that these beliefs are promoted by repeated exposure. Yet, as scholars have rushed to understand these beliefs, they have exposed countless respondents to conspiratorial claims, raising the question of whether researchers are contributing to their spread. We investigate this possibility using a pre-registered within-subjects experiment embedded in a panel survey. The results suggest that exposure to a standard conspiracy question causes a significant increase in the likelihood of endorsing that conspiracy a week later. However, this exposure effect does not occur with a question format that offers an alternative, non-conspiratorial explanation for the target event. Thus, we recommend that researchers reduce the likelihood of spreading conspiracy beliefs by adopting a question format that asks respondents to choose between alternative explanations for an event.
CaCO3 Polymorphs as Mineral Catalysts for Prebiotic Phosphorylation of Uridine
Authors: Schaible Micah J. , Castañeda Alma D. , Menor‐Salvan Cesar , Pasek Matthew A. , Burcar Bradley T. , Orlando Thomas M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEstablishing plausible routes for the abiotic formation of nucleotides is a challenging problem because the phosphorylation of organic molecules is thermodynamically unfavorable in water, and because common phosphorous‐containing minerals such as apatite are highly insoluble. Reactions of reduced phases such as the meteoritic mineral schreibersite with ammonia containing solutions can form stable amino‐derivatives of phosphates/phosphite, and carbonate‐rich lakes have been suggested as environments where phosphate species and organic molecules could accumulate in significant abundances, thus promoting an ideal environment for abiotic phosphorylation. This work reports the catalytic properties of three CaCO3 polymorphs—calcite, aragonite, and vaterite—on diamidophosphate (DAP)‐induced phosphorylation of the uridine nucleoside during a 24‐hr dry‐down reaction. It is shown that the phosphorylation reaction is accelerated in solutions containing CaCO3 compared to those with no mineral present. For un‐buffered solutions with no mineral present, the primary products formed are uridine monophosphates (UMPs), with yields making up 22.3 ± 3.9% of the total detected species, while solutions containing calcite and aragonite formed primarily UMP dimers (yields of 15.3 ± 1.1% and 14.8 ± 1.3%, respectively). Vaterite showed a strong preference for forming cyclic UMP (cUMP) (26.3 ± 0.3% yield), and no higher order polymers were observed using any carbonate mineral. Reactions containing CaSO4·2H2O (gypsum) showed a preference for forming cUMP, though not as strong as vaterite, while those containing CaCl2 (calcium chloride) and CaWO4 (scheelite) did not yield any phosphorylated products other than UMPs. These results suggest that CaCO3 minerals could have played an important role in facilitating prebiotic phosphorylation in aqueous environments that undergo drying cycles.
A Positive Cooling Feedback for the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth Initiation Due To Weakening of Ocean Ventilation
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu Yonggang , Gu Sifan , Hoffman Paul , Li Sanzhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOcean ventilation is an important regulator for atmospheric CO2 level (pCO2) by affecting the relative proportion of carbon stored in the atmosphere and deep ocean. Expansion of sea ice during glacial periods slows down ocean ventilation and its effect is expected to be the largest during the Neoproterozoic pre‐snowball stage. Here, our Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2 simulations demonstrate that averaged deep ocean ventilation age almost triples when the climate cools from a warm state with negligible sea ice to one in which the global sea‐ice coverage reaches ∼50% when pCO2 is lowered to 280 ppmv. Further cooling by reducing pCO2 from 280 to 70 ppmv increases the ventilation age from 1900 to 2300 years. This latter small increase in deep‐ocean ventilation age can reduce pCO2 by 48 ppmv, assuming Neoproterozoic organic production was comparable to present level. Therefore, the weakened ocean ventilation constitutes a significant positive feedback to the Late Neoproterozoic climate cooling.
Augmenting hematoma-scavenging capacity of innate immune cells by CDNF reduces brain injury and promotes functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Tseng Kuan-Yin , Stratoulias Vassilis , Hu Wei-Fen , Wu Jui-Sheng , Wang Vicki , Chen Yuan-Hao , Seelbach Anna , Huttunen Henri J. , Kulesskaya Natalia , Pang Cheng-Yoong , Chou Jian-Liang , Lindahl Maria , Saarma Mart , Huang Li-Chuan , Airavaara Mikko , Liew Hock-Kean 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), hematoma formation at the site of blood vessel damage results in local mechanical injury. Subsequently, erythrocytes lyse to release hemoglobin and heme, which act as neurotoxins and induce inflammation and secondary brain injury, resulting in severe neurological deficits. Accelerating hematoma resorption and mitigating hematoma-induced brain edema by modulating immune cells has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for functional recovery after ICH. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant human cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (rhCDNF) accelerates hemorrhagic lesion resolution, reduces peri-focal edema, and improves neurological outcomes in an animal model of collagenase-induced ICH. We demonstrate that CDNF acts on microglia/macrophages in the hemorrhagic striatum by promoting scavenger receptor expression, enhancing erythrophagocytosis and increasing anti-inflammatory mediators while suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Administration of rhCDNF results in upregulation of the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway, but alleviation of oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses in the perihematomal area. Finally, we demonstrate that intravenous delivery of rhCDNF has beneficial effects in an animal model of ICH and that systemic application promotes scavenging by the brain’s myeloid cells for the treatment of ICH.
A W‐band dual‐beam low side‐lobe level antenna with shared slotted waveguide arrays
Authors: Wang Jie , Xu Guangyang , Lin Hai , Ge Junxiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA W‐band dual‐beam low side‐lobe level antenna with a shared slotted waveguide radiating layer was designed by the authors. The proposed antenna consists of a symmetrical dual ports feed network layer located on two sides of the antenna, a novel shared symmetrical 4 × 32 slotted waveguide array radiation layer, and a bottom layer. The compact slot distance was adjusted to achieve deflection of the radiation pattern and reduce the radiation grating lobes. Good antenna radiation efficiency and port isolation were obtained by optimising the position of the slots at the radiation layer. A low side‐lobe level (SLL) was obtained using Taylor distribution was used in the design of the offset of each slot. The optimised antenna was fabricated and measured. Based on measurement results, the designed antenna has a 24.8 dBi far‐field gain, −17/–25.5 dB E/H plane side lobe level, and 19.8° beam deflection at 94 GHz. The performances of the two ports were in good agreement with each other, and the measured isolation was above 14.5 dB at 94 GHz.
A data‐driven scheduling approach for integrated electricity‐hydrogen system based on improved DDPG
Authors: Zhao Yaping , Huang Jingsi , Xu Endong , Wang Jianxiao , Xu Xiaoyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe involvement of hydrogen energy systems has been recognised as a promising way to mitigate climate problems. As a kind of efficient multi‐energy complementary system, the hydropower‐photovoltaic‐hydrogen (HPH) system could be an ideal approach to combining hydrogen with an installed renewable energy system to improve the flexibility of energy management and reduce power curtailment. However, the intra‐day scheduling of HPH system brings challenges due to the time‐related nonlinear hydropower generation process, the complex energy conversion process and the uncertain natural resource supply. Faced with these challenges, an improved deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)‐based data‐driven scheduling algorithm is proposed. In contrast to the prevalent DDPG, two sets of actor‐critic networks are properly designed based on prior knowledge‐based deep neural networks for the considered complex uncertain system to search for near‐optimal policies and approximate actor‐value functions. In addition, customized reward functions are proposed with the consideration of interactions among different energy supplies, which helps to improve convergence speed and stability. Finally, the case study results demonstrate that the proposed system model and the optimal energy management strategy based on the improved DDPG algorithm can guide the electricity‐hydrogen system to achieve rapid response and more reasonable energy management.
Presurgical Perspective and Postsurgical Evaluation of Non-Achilles Tendons of the Ankle and Retinaculum
Authors: Abou Diwan Ralph , Badr Sammy , Boulil Youssef , Demondion Xavier , Maynou Carlos , Cotten Anne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe vast majority of non-Achilles ankle tendinopathies are related to overuse. This article discusses the clinical aspect, imaging appearance, and management of tendinopathies of the lateral, medial, and the anterior compartments with a focus on presurgical perspective and postsurgical evaluation.
Suppression of substrate temperature in DC magnetron sputtering deposition by magnetic mirror-type magnetron cathode
Authors: Motomura Taisei , Takemura Kenshin , Nagase Toshimi , Morita Nobutomo , Tabaru Tatsuo 
Published: February 2023

Magnetron sputtering generally increases the temperature of the substrate placed to face the sputtering target above 40 °C because the plasmas are transported through unbalanced magnetic field lines from the sputtering target to the substrate surface. However, by using a magnetic mirror-type magnetron cathode, we were able to suppress the temperature of the substrate temperature to the environmental temperature of less than 40 °C at a target–substrate distance of ≥50 mm with a DC input power of ≤30 W and an Ar gas pressure of ≤0.15 Pa. This was possible because the balanced magnetic field lines confined the plasmas near the sputtering target. By enabling film deposition on low heat-resistant substrates, this deposition technique for suppressing the substrate temperature may have uses in various application fields.
Factors influencing the germination, establishment and distribution of
Authors: Bangel Tanya , Hewitt Alison , Morris E. Charles , Haigh Anthony M. 
Published: February 2023

Context Little is known of the ecology of Micromyrtus minutiflora, a threatened plant species endemic to the Cumberland subregion, New South Wales, Australia. Aims To fill ecological knowledge gaps of M. minutiflora, including habitat preferences, population size and structure, survivorship; and responses to fire and disturbance to inform appropriate management practices. Methods Surveys of distribution and abundance, regeneration mode and response to fire, survivorship, size-class analysis, greenhouse germination experiments using soil blocks; and plant tissue and soil analyses. Key results Micromyrtus minutiflora was estimated to have a population of ~4.3 × 106, an extent of occurrence of ~13 000 ha and ~1.5% area of occupancy within study areas. It is strongly associated with low tree canopy cover (few trees), dispersive clay soils and Castlereagh Scribbly Gum Woodland. In the one area studied, survivorship decreased by ~15% per annum across 14 years. However, total population numbers were stable across 3 years, indicating continuous recruitment. Size distributions were unimodal and continuous from small to large plants, consistent with recruitment matching mortality. Plants lack a lignotuber and have a high shoot:root ratio. Seedling emergence was unaffected by mechanical disturbance, but heat and smoke significantly increased germination. Conclusions This species is abundant on dispersive clays but restricted to the northern Cumberland Plain in open woodland areas. It is an obligate seeder; plants are killed by fire and can flower within 2 years of germination. Implications Understanding its soil seedbank dynamics is pertinent in determining an appropriate fire regime to maintain habitat while not directly threatening populations. Populations require regular monitoring.
The circadian demethylation of a unique intronic deoxymethylCpG-rich island boosts the transcription of its cognate circadian clock output gene
Authors: Misra Nisha , Damara Manohar , Ye Tao , Chambon Pierre 
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate that there is a tight functional relationship between two highly evolutionary conserved cell processes, i.e., the circadian clock (CC) and the circadian DNA demethylation–methylation of cognate deoxyCpG-rich islands. We have discovered that every circadian clock-controlled output gene (CCG), but not the core clock nor its immediate-output genes, contains a single cognate intronic deoxyCpG-rich island, the demethylation–methylation of which is controlled by the CC. During the transcriptional activation period, these intronic islands are demethylated and, upon dimerization of two YY1 protein binding sites located upstream to the transcriptional enhancer and downstream from the deoxyCpG-rich island, store activating components initially assembled on a cognate active enhancer (a RORE, a D-box or an E-box), in keeping with the generation of a transcriptionally active condensate that boosts the initiation of transcription of their cognate pre-mRNAs. We report how these single intronic deoxyCpG-rich islands are instrumental in such a circadian activation/repression transcriptional process.
On the gap distribution of prime factors
Authors: de la Bretèche Régis , Tenenbaum Gérald 
Published: February 2023

Let{pj(n)}j=1ω(n)\{p_j(n)\}_{j=1}^{\omega (n)}denote the increasing sequence of distinct prime factors of an integer nn. Forz⩾0z\geqslant 0, letG(n;z)G(n;z)denote the number of those indexesjjsuch thatpj+1(n)>pj(n)exp⁡zp_{j+1}(n)>p_j(n)^{\operatorname {exp} z}. We show uniform convergence, with almost optimal effective estimate of the speed, of the distribution ofG(n;z)G(n;z)on{n:1⩽n⩽N}\{n:1\leqslant n\leqslant N\}to a Gaussian limit law with meane−z⁡log2⁡n\operatorname {e}^{-z}\log _2n, variance{e−z−2ze−2z}log2⁡n\{\operatorname {e}^{-z}-2z\operatorname {e}^{-2z}\}\log _2n, and we establish an asymptotic formula with remainder for all centered moments.
Sizing Up the Onychophoran Genome: Repeats, Introns, and Gene Family Expansion Contribute to Genome Gigantism inEpiperipatus broadwayi
Authors: Sato Shoyo , Cunha Tauana J , de Medeiros Bruno A S , Khost Danielle E , Sackton Timothy B , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenome assemblies are growing at an exponential rate and have proved indispensable for studying evolution but the effort has been biased toward vertebrates and arthropods with a particular focus on insects. Onychophora or velvet worms are an ancient group of cryptic, soil dwelling worms noted for their unique mode of prey capture, biogeographic patterns, and diversity of reproductive strategies. They constitute a poorly understood phylum of exclusively terrestrial animals that is sister group to arthropods. Due to this phylogenetic position, they are crucial in understanding the origin of the largest phylum of animals. Despite their significance, there is a paucity of genomic resources for the phylum with only one highly fragmented and incomplete genome publicly available. Initial attempts at sequencing an onychophoran genome proved difficult due to its large genome size and high repeat content. However, leveraging recent advances in long-read sequencing technology, we present here the first annotated draft genome for the phylum. With a total size of 5.6Gb, the gigantism of the Epiperipatus broadwayi genome arises from having high repeat content, intron size inflation, and extensive gene family expansion. Additionally, we report a previously unknown diversity of onychophoran hemocyanins that suggests the diversification of copper-mediated oxygen carriers occurred independently in Onychophora after its split from Arthropoda, parallel to the independent diversification of hemocyanins in each of the main arthropod lineages.
Involvement of community pharmacy professionals in maternal health service provision in Ethiopia: a multi-centre cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ayele Asnakew Achaw , Islam Md Shahidul , Cosh Suzanne , East Leah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn countries with high maternal mortality and a shortage of healthcare professionals, community pharmacy professionals can provide important maternal healthcare services within their scope of practice. Evidence of community pharmacy professionals’ level of involvement in maternal health service provision in Ethiopia is limited. This study aimed to assess the level of involvement of community pharmacy professionals in providing maternal health services in Ethiopia.MethodsA multi-centre cross-sectional survey of 238 community pharmacy professionals was conducted from March to July 2020 in 6 cities of Amhara regional state in Ethiopia. Independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the mean difference.Key findingsMost community pharmacy professionals were either ‘involved’ in advising about vitamins (53.4%), provision of contraceptives (52.9%), advising about lifestyle changes (46.2%), responding to minor symptoms (47.5%), nutritional advice during pregnancy (45.0%) and breastfeeding guidance or ‘very involved’ in advising about screening for chronic disease (41.6%). However, the level of involvement of community pharmacy professionals differed according to study participants’ educational qualification/s, years of experience, licensure level, setting type, responsibility in the facility and previous training exposure about maternal health services.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacy professionals in Ethiopia are involved in providing various maternal health services highlighting the importance that pharmacists can play in improving access and care within this context. However, government attention is needed to enhance their role through policy support and capacity building to improve the quality of service provided which could contribute to the reduction of maternal mortality.