bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana
Authors: Gyapong-Korsah Barbara , Duku Godwin Armstrong , Appiah-Effah Eugene , Boakye Kingsley , Dwumfour-Asare Bismark , Essandoh Helen Michelle Korkor , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Greywater management in Ghana has yet to receive the needed attention even though its current generation and reuse practices pose severe environmental and public health concerns, including odour nuisance, groundwater pollution, and risks from pathogens. This study examined the current greywater generation and reuse patterns among low-income urban residents in Kumasi, Ghana. Data were collected from three communities (Ayeduase, Kotei, and Twumduase) through cluster sampling, and a total of 458 questionnaires were administered to households. The average amount of greywater generated for various activities in low-income urban settlements was 53.7 l/c/d. The results showed that greywater reuse is not common among the study participants, but those who reuse it prefer laundry to kitchen and bathroom greywater. The proportion of greywater reuse was estimated at 20.1%, with 2.6, 0.9, and 17.9% of households reusing greywater from the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry, respectively. Factors that significantly influenced greywater reuse included age, the community of residence, and the type of house. The study suggests that increased education and awareness about greywater treatment, reuse, and impacts in low-income urban communities could lead to increased participation in its management.
Kaempferol: A Dietary Flavonol in Alleviating Obesity
Authors: Nejabati Hamid Reza , Nikzad Sadeneh , Roshangar Leila 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Obesity is considered as a chronic and high-prevalence disease on a global scale which affects all
genders and ages. Although various drugs have been confirmed for the treatment of obesity, these medications
have been shown to have a number of adverse effects on health. It is highlighted that natural products have an
alleviative role in a broad spectrum of diseases, in particular obesity, and diabetes. Kaempferol (KMP), a plant-
derived flavonol, is considerably engaged in the suppression of oxidative stress, radical scavenging, opposing
cellular toxicity, and induction of the production and release of growth factors. This flavonol combats obesity
by suppressing adipogenesis, regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, changing gut microbiota, and activating
autophagy. Also, studies have shown that KMP exerts its anti-obesity actions by decreasing the accumulation
of lipids and triglycerides (TGs), increasing fatty acid oxidation, and regulating multiple metabolic genes in the
adipocytes. Considering that KMP may be a potential candidate for combating obesity, this paper summarizes
the possible therapeutic roles of KMP in the treatment and prevention of this disease.
Renal Protection and Safety of Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in
Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhou Tianbiao , Yao Kaijin , Xie Yina , Lin Yongda , Wang Jiali , Chen Xiutian 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a clinical characteristic of progressive loss of kidney
function and becomes a serious health and social concern. SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors),
a class of anti-diabetic medications, are shown to reduce cardiovascular and renal events. This systematic
review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether SGLT2i could become a new treatment strategy for CKD for
its renal protection and safety.

Methods:
Based on predetermined criteria, a bibliographical search was performed on May 31, 2022, by searching
the following databases: ISI Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Statistical analysis
was conducted to assess renal protection and safety of SGLT2i by using Cochrane Review Manager Version
5.3.

Results:
Thirty randomised controlled trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were eligible for this meta-analysis.
Our study found that the SGLT2i can sustainably reduce the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) at different
time points and prevent the progression to macroalbuminuria. Before 24 weeks, SGLT2i can decrease the
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to the control group. Interestingly, after 24 weeks,
SGLT2i can continuously maintain the increase in eGFR when compared with the control group. Furthermore,
SGLT2i can reduce the event rates of incident or worsening nephropathy, a decline in estimated eGFR of ≥
50%, doubling of serum creatinine level, acute renal failure and renal failure. Interestingly, the renoprotective
effects of SGLT2i are independent of its glycemic effects. SGLT2i can reduce the morbidity rate of any related
adverse events, any related severe adverse events and SGLT2i have not increased the event rates of urinary
tract infection, bone fractures, amputation, and acute pancreatitis when compared with the control group.

Conclusion:
SGLT2i can protect renal function and are safe drug for CKD. SGLT2i are promising therapeutic
agents for CKD patients.
Synthesis and Reactions of Fused Pyrazolo[3,4-b]Pyridine Derivatives: Insecticidal Activity and Digestive Dysfunction against Mosquito Larvae
Authors: Abeed Ahmed A.O. , El-Emary Talaat I. , Youssef Mohamed S.K. , Hefzy Ibrahim , Ibrahim Ahmed M.A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
5-Amino-4-formyl pyrazole 1 was used as a precursor for the synthesis of 6-
aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile 2, and 6-aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-
carboxamides 3 and 4. Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 2, 3, and 4 were treated with different reagents
leading to structurally confirmed heterocycles. Mosquito adult females carry and
transmit the causatives of many diseases to humans and other domestic animals. Therefore,
their management has become a necessity. Ten of the synthesized compounds were tested for
larvicidal activity against second-stage C. pipiens larvae.

:
IR spectra were recorded on Shimadzu-408 infrared spectrophotometer. The NMR spectra
were performed on a Bruker AV-400 spectrometer and JEOL ECA II 500 MHz. Mass spectrometry
was provided on a Varian MAT 312 instrument in EI mode (70 eV). Lethal concentrations
were calculated based on probit analysis. Biochemical enzymes were analyzed using analysis of variance
ANOVA with Graph Pad Prism 5. Mean comparisons were analyzed using Tukey's test.

:
Five compounds, 1, 2, 4, 5 and 11 exhibited detectable insecticidal activity as these compounds recorded 154.4,
5.6x103, 8.4, 135.1 and 697.2 ppm, respectively. Moreover, the effect of these insecticidal compounds on lipids and
carbohydrates digestive pathways in the larvae was evaluated by comparing the activities of amylase and lipase
digestive enzymes in both control and treated larvae. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 showed an inhibitory effect on both
lipase and amylase enzymes. Compound 2 inhibited lipase activity, while compound 11 didn’t affect both enzymes
compared with the control.

:
Results showed that the incorporation of pyridine and pyrazole induced significant insecticidal activity against larval
mosquitoes. Furthermore, insertion of amino or carbonyl groups into the synthesized compounds enhanced the
insecticidal activity. Our findings showed that development of such novel compounds is promising in enhancing the
agricultural productivity and management of diseases transmitted by insects.
Engineering Platelet Membrane Imitating Nanoparticles for Targeted
Therapeutic Delivery
Authors: Adhalrao Shradha B. , Jadhav Kisan R. , Patil Prashant L. , Kadam Vilasrao J. , M. Kasekar Nirmal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Platelet Membrane Imitating Nanoparticles (PMINs) is a novel drug delivery system
that imitates the structure and functionality of platelet membranes. PMINs imitate surface markers
of platelets to target specific cells and transport therapeutic cargo. PMINs are engineered by incorporating
the drug into the platelet membrane and encapsulating it in a nanoparticle scaffold. This
allows PMINs to circulate in the bloodstream and bind to target cells with high specificity, reducing
off-target effects and improving therapeutic efficacy. The engineering of PMINs entails several
stages, including the separation and purification of platelet membranes, the integration of therapeutic
cargo into the membrane, and the encapsulation of the membrane in a nanoparticle scaffold.
In addition to being involved in a few pathological conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis,
and rheumatoid arthritis, platelets are crucial to the body's physiological processes. This study
includes the preparation and characterization of platelet membrane-like nanoparticles and focuses
on their most recent advancements in targeted therapy for conditions, including cancer, immunological
disorders, atherosclerosis, phototherapy, etc. PMINs are a potential drug delivery system
that combines the advantages of platelet membranes with nanoparticles. The capacity to create
PMMNs with particular therapeutic cargo and surface markers provides new possibilities for targeted
medication administration and might completely change the way that medicine is practiced.
Despite the need for more studies to optimize the engineering process and evaluate the effectiveness
and safety of PMINs in clinical trials, this technology has a lot of potential.
Neuroprotective Effects of Sesamum indicum, Sesamin and Sesamolin
Against 6-OHDA-induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells
Authors: Ramazani Elham , Ebrahimpour Faeze , Emami Seyed Ahmad , Shakeri Abolfazl , Javadi Behjat , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Sesamum indicum L. (sesame) is one of the most widely used herbs in
the world. Sesame oil contains lignans such as sesamin and sesamolin, which are known to possess
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. Parkinson's disease (PD) is
recognized as the most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease; however,
the exact molecular mechanism of the progression of neural death is not clear yet. In this study,
the effect of sesame seed extracts and their main bioactive components (sesamin and sesamolin)
on in vitro model of Parkinson's disease has been compared.

Methods:
Cell viability, the number of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis were determined
using resazurin assay, ROS assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry,
and western blot analysis.

Results:
6-OHDA caused cellular death and apoptosis but pretreatment with sesame seed extracts,
sesamin, and sesamolin significantly increased cell viability (p<0.001) and decreased ROS
(p<0.001) and apoptosis. ERK1/2 is activated by 6-OHDA in PC12 cells, and the level of survivin
decreased. Pretreatment with sesame significantly reversed the entire cell death induced by 6-
OHDA. Sesame seed extracts at 5 and 10 μg/ml, sesamin and sesamolin at 5 and 10 μM increased
surviving (p<0.01), and reduced P-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 (p<0.05) levels close to the control values.

Conclusions:
Overall, compounds in sesame seed extract and sesamin may assist as adjuvant
therapeutics in PD. It seems sesame seeds have more potent protection effects against neural
death compared with individual components, which might reflect the synergism among different
phytochemicals present in the extract.
Automated Recognition and Control of Human Interaction by Video Image
Authors: Ulyev A. D. , Donsckaia A. R. , Zubkov A. V. 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of research is to increase the efficiency of recognition and control of interaction between buyers and sellers of stores by developing a model of automated recognition and control of human interaction by video image. Methods. The research is aimed at solving the fundamental scientific problem of developing models and methods for monitoring and recognizing human interaction by video image. At the moment, the sphere of trade is rapidly developing, there are more and more online resources that take over a significant part of the flow of customers, and therefore, ordinary stores and shopping centers need to introduce new ways and methods of interacting with customers, and therefore provide a better service. Modern companies are trying to solve this problem in different ways: counting visitors, monitoring devices, various neural network solutions, and so on. However, none of the currently available offers on the market is able to automatically classify a person as a buyer or seller by video image, as well as to assess the degree of customer satisfaction with the service provided. To remedy this situation, methods and models have been developed that make it possible to develop software based on them, with the help of which it will be possible to determine the satisfaction of visitors and customers, recognize customers and sellers among people and determine the quality of employees' work. Results. Models and methods for classifying customers and sellers by uniform, methods for determining the level of interaction between sellers and customers based on algorithms for determining the satisfaction of visitors andcustomers by voice and face, and algorithms for determining the quality of employees' work have been developed. Conclusion. As a result, models have been developed that allow improving the quality of interaction between sellers and customers by video image.
A Web-Based Tool to Report Adverse Drug Reactions by Community Pharmacists in Australia: Usability Testing Study
Authors: Fossouo Tagne Joel , Yakob Reginald Amin , Mcdonald Rachael , Wickramasinghe Nilmini 
Published: August 2023

Background
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unintended and harmful events associated with medication use. Despite their significance in postmarketing surveillance, quality improvement, and drug safety research, ADRs are vastly underreported. Enhanced digital-based communication of ADR information to regulators and among care providers could significantly improve patient safety.

Objective
This paper presents a usability evaluation of the commercially available GuildCare Adverse Event Recording system, a web-based ADR reporting system widely used by community pharmacists (CPs) in Australia.

Methods
We developed a structured interview protocol encompassing remote observation, think-aloud moderating techniques, and retrospective questioning to gauge the overall user experience, complemented by the System Usability Scale (SUS) assessment. Thematic analysis was used to analyze field notes from the interviews.

Results
A total of 7 CPs participated in the study, who perceived the system to have above-average usability (SUS score of 68.57). Nonetheless, the structured approach to usability testing unveiled specific functional and user interpretation issues, such as unnecessary information, lack of system clarity, and redundant data fields—critical insights not captured by the SUS results. Design elements like drop-down menus, free-text entry, checkboxes, and prefilled or auto-populated data fields were perceived as useful for enhancing system navigation and facilitating ADR reporting.

Conclusions
The user-centric design of technology solutions, like the one discussed herein, is crucial to meeting CPs’ information needs and ensuring effective ADR reporting. Developers should adopt a structured approach to usability testing during the developmental phase to address identified issues comprehensively. Such a methodological approach may promote the adoption of ADR reporting systems by CPs and ultimately enhance patient safety.
Modelling snow and ice microwave emissions in the Arctic for a multi-parameter retrieval of surface and atmospheric variables from microwave radiometer satellite data
Authors: Rückert Janna Elisabeth , Huntemann Marcus , Tonboe Rasmus , Spreen Gunnar 
Published: August 2023

Monitoring surface and atmospheric parameters - like water vapor - is
challenging in the Arctic, despite the daily Arctic-wide coverage of
spaceborne microwave radiometer data. This is mainly due to the
difficulties in characterizing the sea ice surface emission: sea ice and
snow microwave emission is high and highly variable. There are very few
datasets combining relevant in situ measurements with co-located remote
sensing data, which further complicates the development of accurate
retrieval algorithms.
Here, we present a multi-parameter retrieval based on the inversion of a
forward model for both, atmosphere and surface, for non-melting
conditions. The model consists of a layered microwave emission model of
snow and ice. Since snow scattering and emission effects, as well as
temperature gradients, are taken into account, a high variability in
brightness temperatures can be simulated. For ocean regions and the
atmosphere existing parameterized forward models are used.
By using optimal estimation, the forward model can be inverted allowing
for the simultaneous and consistent retrieval of nine variables:
integrated water vapor, liquid water path, sea ice concentration,
multi-year ice fraction, snow depth, snow-ice interface temperature and
snow-air interface temperature as well as sea-surface temperature and
wind speed (over open ocean). In addition, the method provides retrieval
uncertainty estimates for each retrieved parameter.
To evaluate the forward model as well as the retrieval, we use the
extensive datasets acquired during the year-long Arctic expedition
MOSAiC (2019-2020) as a reference.
Dampak Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Prespektif Filsafat Konstruktivisme pada Pendidikan Vokasi
Authors: Suryati Lili , Nizwardi Jalinus  , Rizal Abdullah  , Sri Rahmadhani  
Published: August 2023

Revolusi industry 4.0 pada era abad 21 sangat banyak mempengaruhi peranan pendidikan, terutama pada pendidikan vokasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari implementasi kurikulum mereka dengan menggunakan pespektif filsafat kontruktivisme pada pendidikan vokasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode campuran dengan pendekatan penelitian kuatitatif dan didukung secara kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner/ angket. Teknik analisas data dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu dalam memahami pembelajaran sebagai bentuk kebebasan berfikir dengan perolehan 80,25%, pembelajaran yang dilakukan sesuai dengan kondisi perkembangan zaman 78,48%, proses pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kemandirian dalam berfikir 84,6%, proses pembelajaran meningkatkan kretivitas berfikir 81,7%, kemandiarian dalam kehidupan sehari-hari 75,9%, menggemari melakukan hal-hal baru. Pendidikan Vokasi memiliki asumsi bahwa peserta didik dapat mengkontruksikan pengetahuannya sendiri melalui berbagai media yang ada dan tengah berkembang pada saat sekarang ini. Adapun Implementasi filsafat kontruktivisme dalam pendidikan vokasi diantara yaitu penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah problem based learning dan Projec Based Learning.
Bank Indonesia Syariah Certificate: Encouraging Economic Growth During The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Purnomo Agus , Zahra Maulida Atika , Fatimah Tuzahra Siti , Lestari Dian Ayu 
Published: August 2023

The Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS) is one of the sharia monetary instruments used by Bank Indonesia in formulating monetary policy. The development of SBIS is related to several factors: inflation growth, the economy, and the development of the gross domestic product. This study aims to determine how to implement the Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS) in encouraging monetary economic growth during the Covid-19 pandemic. The slowdown in economic growth and regional economic performance due to the impact of the Covid-19 virus outbreak that attacked the economy resulted in a decline in economic performance. The role of money market products (SBIS) can encourage economic growth and development through Islamic money market transactions. This research method uses descriptive qualitative research with a library research approach and interviews. In collecting interview data using the accidental sampling method conducted on Bank Indonesia staff directly at the research location and data on the growth, economy, and development of SBIS during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research results: The Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS) implementation has generally been carried out properly by Bank Indonesia. When Bank Indonesia issues SBIS and sells it to the public, this will cause the money supply in the community to decrease. When the money supply in society decreases, then inflation can be suppressed. When inflation can be suppressed, this will indirectly affect the increase in financing disbursements in Islamic banks. So, it can be concluded that SBIS significantly affects financing distribution in Islamic banking. When financing distribution increases, this will help MSME players affected by Covid-19 in terms of capital. The role of SBIS during the Covid-19 pandemic can stimulate and encourage economic growth performance.
Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada LKS Fisika SMA Kelas XI Semester 1 Se-Kota Sungai Penuh
Authors: Alemda Rivozha , Desniata Desniata 
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA kelas XI di se-Kota Sungai Penuh melalui analisis Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) pada materi Fisika semester 1. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan 69 siswa dari 3 SMA di Kota Sungai Penuh sebagai sampel. Data dikumpulkan melalui LKS yang telah disebar pada siswa dan wawancara dengan 3 guru Fisika di SMA yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kritis pada LKS Fisika kelas XI semester 1 yang digunakan di SMA di Kota Sungai Penuh sudah mengandung keterampilan berpikir kritis pada sajian isi LKS, tetapi masih berada pada kategori tidak memfasilitasi. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kritis tertinggi terdapat pada materi Elastisitas dengan presentase 16,6%, meskipun masih berada pada kategori tidak memfasilitasi, sedangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis terendah terdapat pada materi Rotasi Benda Tegar hanya sebesar 8,7% juga dengan kategori tidak memfasilitasi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perlu adanya peningkatan pada keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa melalui LKS yang lebih berkualitas dan memfasilitasi keterampilan berpikir kritis yang lebih baik. Selain itu, guru juga perlu memperhatikan penggunaan LKS dan metode pembelajaran yang tepat dalam membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mereka. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi pada pengembangan LKS dan metode pembelajaran yang lebih baik dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa di Kota Sungai Penuh, khususnya pada mata pelajaran Fisika.
Kata kunci : Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Analisis, LKS, Fisika, Kota Sungai Penuh, Kelas XI.
Pemasaran Sosial Media dan Pengembangan Produk pada Pelaku UMKM Makanan di Carocok Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Dwita Vidyarini , Septrizola Whyosi , Hasmira Mira Hasti 
Published: August 2023

Large- and small-scale enterprises have a growing need to expand marketing access by employing social media as a platform for selling and product development to increase sales. Community service activities were conducted in Carocok, Pesisir Selatandistrict, West Sumatra, with the participation of fifteen seafood-related business actors. The Community Service team provides SME business owners with training and expertise regarding marketing access on social media and product development to enhance sales and maximize profitability for MSME owners in the food business that process marine raw materials. The outcomes of service activities supply business owners with the knowledge necessary to formulate marketing strategies, particularly social media marketing and product development.