bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Kinematics in Sequential Three-Dimensional Stretch Bending: Analytical Springback Model
Authors: Ha Taekwang , Welo Torgeir , Ringen Geir , Wang Jyhwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn profile bending, the geometrical defect that reduces dimensional quality is mainly due to springback. While predicting dimensions after bending is important for quality control, many factors during bending cause difficulty in springback prediction. Furthermore, complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes in bending can make springback prediction significantly more difficult. This work presents a springback prediction method for varying curvature 3D profile/tube bending. An advanced five-axis bending machine, with rotary semi-dies opposing each other, has been developed. As the geometry of the bend die constrains the workpiece in the bending region, a model for 3D stretch bending is established from the rotational motion of the bend die. The discretized curvature of a bent profile geometry is described by using the Frenet–Serret frames, and a model for springback prediction is further developed based on the kinematics analysis of the bending process. This generalized analytic approach and numerical simulation are applied to evaluate springback in both 2D and 3D stretch bending of a thin-walled aluminum profile with a rectangular cross section. The analytical and numerical results for springback prediction are validated with experiments, showing good agreement. The developed model is able to evaluate 3D springback of a profile with arbitrary cross section efficiently for product design and development.
Design and Analysis of a Multi-Knuckle Coupled Grasper With Equal Angles at Each Knuckle During Motion
Authors: Wang Rugui , Xu Runhao , Huang Haibo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, a coupled multi-knuckle mechanical finger was designed. The finger is composed of same-structured knuckles in a connecting link structure, and the knuckles can be combined arbitrarily. The coupling motion is completed under the drive of a single actuator. First, the influences of the angular relationship between the knuckles and working stroke of the knuckles on the actual grasping range of the finger were evaluated, and the kinematic analysis of the knuckle was performed using the closed-loop vector method. Next, an optimization design method based on a genetic algorithm was proposed, which considered the angular relationship as the objective function to optimize the knuckle, which is illustrated with an example. The angle between each pair of knuckles is approximately constant and equal, which indicates that the finger has an approximately circular envelope curve. Subsequently, the finger motion simulation was carried out to verify the optimization design results and evaluate the error in the finger grasping process. The grasper is capable of completing accurate envelopes on cylinders with diameters ranging from 38.97 mm to 127.60 mm. Finally, the prototype of the manipulator was constructed according to the parameters obtained in the optimization design example. The feasibility of the design was verified through a grasping experiment using beakers and other objects. It provides a reference for angle optimization and envelope curve design of the grasper.
Approximate N$$^{3}$$LO parton distribution functions with theoretical uncertainties: MSHT20aN$$^3$$LO PDFs
Authors: McGowan J. , Cridge T. , Harland-Lang L. A. , Thorne R. S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present the first global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) at approximate N$$^{3}$$

3

LO in the strong coupling constant $$\alpha _{s}$$

α
s

, extending beyond the current highest NNLO achieved in PDF fits. To achieve this, we present a general formalism for the inclusion of theoretical uncertainties associated with the perturbative expansion in the strong coupling. We demonstrate how using the currently available knowledge surrounding the next highest order (N$$^{3}$$

3

LO) in $$\alpha _{s}$$

α
s

can provide consistent, justifiable and explainable approximate N$$^{3}$$

3

LO (aN$$^{3}$$

3

LO) PDFs. This includes estimates for uncertainties due the currently unknown N$$^{3}$$

3

LO ingredients, but also implicitly some missing higher order uncertainties (MHOUs) beyond these. Specifically, we approximate the splitting functions, transition matrix elements, coefficient functions and K-factors for multiple processes to N$$^{3}$$

3

LO. Crucially, these are constrained to be consistent with the wide range of already available information about N$$^{3}$$

3

LO to match the complete result at this order as accurately as possible. Using this approach we perform a fully consistent approximate N$$^{3}$$

3

LO global fit within the MSHT framework. This relies on an expansion of the Hessian procedure used in previous MSHT fits to allow for sources of theoretical uncertainties. These are included as nuisance parameters in a global fit, controlled by knowledge and intuition based prior distributions. We analyse the differences between our aN$$^{3}$$

3

LO PDFs and the standard NNLO PDF set, and study the impact of using aN$$^{3}$$

3

LO PDFs on the LHC production of a Higgs boson at this order. Finally, we provide guidelines on how these PDFs should be used in phenomenological investigations.
Thermodynamics of 5D charged rotating black holes: a counterterms treatment
Authors: Awad Adel , ElSayed Hassan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe use the counterterms subtraction method to calculate various thermodynamical quantities for charged rotating black holes in five-dimensional minimal gauged supergravity (Chong et al. in Phys Rev Lett 95:161301, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.161301, arXiv:hep-th/0506029). Specifically, we analyze certain issues related to the first law and Smarr’s relation in the presence of a conformal anomaly. Among the bulk quantities calculated are the on-shell action, total mass, and angular momenta of the solution. All these quantities are consistent with previous calculations made using other methods. For the boundary theory, we calculate the renormalized stress tensor, conformal anomaly, and Casimir energy. Using the Papadimitriou–Skenderis analysis (Papadimitriou and Skenderis in J High Energy Phys 08:004, 2005), we show that the mass calculated via the counterterms method satisfies the first law of black hole thermodynamics. To discuss extended thermodynamics, we extend the definition of the thermodynamic volume to cases with conformal anomalies using a procedure similar to that of Papadimitriou–Skenderis. We show that this volume correctly accounts for extra terms due to boundary metric variation. This shows that the mass and volume calculated using counterterms satisfy Smarr’s relation as well as the first law.
Obstacles to effective model deployment in healthcare
Authors: Chan Wei Xin , Wong Limsoon 
Published: March 2023

Despite an exponential increase in publications on clinical prediction models over recent years, the number of models deployed in clinical practice remains fairly limited. In this paper, we identify common obstacles that impede effective deployment of prediction models in healthcare, and investigate their underlying causes. We observe a key underlying cause behind most obstacles — the improper development and evaluation of prediction models. Inherent heterogeneities in clinical data complicate the development and evaluation of clinical prediction models. Many of these heterogeneities in clinical data are unreported because they are deemed to be irrelevant, or due to privacy concerns. We provide real-life examples where failure to handle heterogeneities in clinical data, or sources of biases, led to the development of erroneous models. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize modeling practitioners with common sources of biases and heterogeneities in clinical data, both of which have to be dealt with to ensure proper development and evaluation of clinical prediction models. Proper model development and evaluation, together with complete and thorough reporting, are important prerequisites for a prediction model to be effectively deployed in healthcare.
Simple Prediction Model for Colorectal Serrated Polyps: Development and External Validation Study in U.S. Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Lyu Zhangyan , Hang Dong , He Xiaosheng , Wu Kana , Cao Yin , Rosner Bernard , Chan Andrew T. , Ogino Shuji , Li Ni , Dai Min , Giovannucci Edward L. , Song Mingyang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Serrated polyps (SP) are precursors for colorectal cancer and contribute disproportionately to postcolonoscopy cancers. Leveraging three U.S. cohorts (43,974 women and 5,322 men), we developed prediction models for high-risk SPs (sized ≥10 mm or ≥3) among individuals undergoing their first colonoscopy screening. We then validated the model in the Partners Colonoscopy Cohort (51,203 women and 39,077 men). We evaluated discrimination and calibration using the C-statistic and Hosmer–Lemeshow test, respectively. The age and family history model generated a C-statistic [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 0.57 (0.56–0.58) in women and 0.58 (0.55–0.61) in men. Further inclusion of smoking, alcohol, and body mass index (the simple model) increased the C-statistic (95% CI) to 0.68 (0.67–0.69) in women and 0.68 (0.66–0.71) in men (all P &lt; 0.001). Adding more predictors did not provide much incremental predictivity. In the validation cohort, moderate discrimination was observed in both women (0.60, 0.58–0.61) and men (0.60, 0.59–0.62). Notably, the simple model also yielded similar C-statistics for a composite endpoint of SPs and high-risk conventional adenomas (women, 0.62, 0.62–0.63; men, 0.63, 0.61–0.64). The model was adequately calibrated in both sets of cohorts. In summary, we developed and externally validated a simple prediction model based on five major risk factors for high-risk SPs that may be useful for healthy lifestyle recommendations and tailored colorectal cancer screening.

Prevention Relevance:
On the basis of four prospective studies in the United States, we developed and externally validated a simple risk prediction model for high-risk SPs in the setting of colonoscopy screening. Our model showed moderate discriminatory accuracy and has potential utility for individualized risk assessment, healthy lifestyle recommendations, and tailored colorectal cancer prevention.
Drivers and risk factors of German local financial sustainability focusing on adjusted income
Authors: Frintrup Markus , Hilgers Dennis 
Published: March 2023

Analysing the financial sustainability of local governments is of great interest, as they offer a wide range of services and are close to citizens. Various organizations have pointed out the need to analyse the determinants of financial sustainability, and recent research has focused on several European countries, using adjusted income as a dependent variable. To fill the research gap in the context of German local governments, we conduct an empirical analysis with 5 years of data from 363 local governments from North Rhine–Westphalia to analyse the impact of socio-demographic and financial-economic factors on financial sustainability, focusing on the adjusted income. Our results indicate that financial sustainability is influenced by factors on which the local governments have no impact or at least only a limited impact. Specifically, the debt level and the level of population are identified as risk factors, whereas own taxes, rate support grants and the net cash surplus serve as drivers of financial sustainability. Points for practitioners Understanding the determinants of financial sustainability is important for politicians and public managers in order to improve their risk management and decision-making processes and to prevent future sustainability problems. This paper identifies several socio-demographic and financial-economic determinants of FS, on which the local governments have only a limited impact. Considering that the financial sustainability of German local governments in North Rhine–Westphalia largely depends on external factors might be of great interest for policymakers with regard to future financial crises.
Nasopharynx evaluation in children of unilateral cleft palate patients and normal with cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Temiz Mustafa , Duman Suayip Burak , Abdelkarim Ahmed Z. , Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki , Syed Ali Z. , Eser Gozde , Celik Ozen Duygu , Gedik Hatice Tugce , Ugurlu Mehmet , Jagtap Rohan 
Published: March 2023

Objective: This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics of the nasopharynx in unilateral Cleft lip/palate (CL/P) children and non-cleft children using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A retrospective study consisted of 54 patients, of which 27 patients were unilateral CL/P, remaining 27 patients have no CL/P. Eustachian tubes orifice (ET), Rosenmuller fossa (RF) depth, presence of pharyngeal bursa (PB), the distance of posterior nasal spine (PNS)-pharynx posterior wall were quantitatively evaluated. Results: The main effect of the CL/P groups was found to be effective on RF depth-right ( p < 0.001) and RF depth-left ( p < 0.001). The interaction effect of gender and CL/P groups was not influential on measurements. The cleft-side main effect was found to be effective on RF depth-left ( p < 0.001) and RF depth-right ( p = 0.0002). There was no statistically significant relationship between CL/P groups and the presence of bursa pharyngea. Conclusions: Because RF is the most common site of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the anatomy of the nasopharynx should be well known in the early diagnosis of NPC.
Measurement equivalence of the paper-based and electronic version of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS): A randomised crossover trial
Authors: Bolzani Anna , Kupf Sophie , Hodiamont Farina , Burner-Fritsch Isabel , Bausewein Claudia , Ramsenthaler Christina 
Published: March 2023

Background: The Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) validly and reliably measures symptoms and concerns of those receiving palliative care. Aim: To determine the equivalence of the paper version with an electronic version of the IPOS (eIPOS). Design: Multicentre randomised crossover trial (NCT03879668) with a within-subject comparison of the two modes (washout period 30 min). Setting/Participants: Convenience sample of specialist inpatient and palliative home care patients aged over 18 years with cancer and non-cancer conditions was recruited. Scores were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots and via a mixed-effects analysis of variance. Results: Fifty patients were randomised to complete paper-electronic ( n = 24) and electronic-paper ( n = 26) IPOS with median age 69 years (range 24–95), 56% male, 16% non-cancer. The ICCs showed very high concordance for the total score (ICC 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00), lowest ICCs being observed for symptoms ‘Appetite loss’ and ‘Drowsiness’ (ICC 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97). Nine of seventeen items had ICCs above 0.98, as did all subscales. No statistically significant mode, order, age, and interaction effects were observed for IPOS total score and subscales, except for ‘Communication’ ( Fmode = 5.9, p = 0.019). Fifty-eight percent preferred the electronic version. In the group 75+ years, 53% preferred the paper version. Only three entries in the free-text main problems differed between the versions. Conclusion: The very high equivalence in scores and free text between the IPOS and the eIPOS demonstrates that eIPOS is feasible and reliable in an older palliative population.
Randomized controlled studies evaluating Topiramate, Botulinum toxin type A, and mABs targeting CGRP in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Giri Samita , Tronvik Erling , Linde Mattias , Pedersen Sindre Andre , Hagen Knut 
Published: March 2023

Background This systematic review focuses on chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache using, respectively, topiramate, botulinum toxin type A, and human monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor. Methods A systematic search was conducted in the databases CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science until May 2022. We included randomized controlled trials reporting the outcomes of change in monthly headache/migraine days, ≥50% response rates and change in medication overuse status. Studies were excluded if response rates were not reported. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. The quality of evidence for outcomes across included studies was evaluated according to the five factors outlined in Cochrane GRADE approach. Findings The initial search resulted in 1599 records. Following screening, 10 studies met our inclusion criteria, while seven studies with sufficient data were included in the meta-analysis. Studies assessing Botulinum toxin type A included 1139 patients and showed a mean reduction in headache frequency by 1.92 days per month compared to placebo (−1.92; 95% CI −2.68 to −1.16). Studies assessing human monoclonal antibodies included 1982 patients, and showed significant positive effect compared to placebo for all measured outcomes. The overall odds ratio for the ≥50% response rate was 2.90 (95% CI, 2.23 to 3.78). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of adverse effect for both Botulinum toxin type A and low dose of human monoclonal antibodies compared to placebo. There is currently insufficient evidence to determine the impact of topiramate in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache. Interpretation Botulinum toxin type A and human monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor were beneficial in reducing monthly migraine days and ≥50% response rate, but uncertainties remained for Botulinum toxin type A regarding response rate. The effect size for human monoclonal antibodies was greater with relatively lower drop-out rate. High-quality randomized trials are required to evaluate the effect of topiramate in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache.
Radiographic Predictors of Reoperation in Adolescents Undergoing Hip Preservation Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Serbin Philip A. , Youngman Tyler R. , Johnson Benjamin L. , Wilson Philip L. , Sucato Dan , Podeszwa David , Ellis Henry B. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition caused by repetitive abutment of a morphologically abnormal proximal femur and/or acetabulum that may result in chondral and labral pathology. An understanding of radiographic parameters associated with successful primary surgery has not been well established. Purpose: To determine preoperative radiographic parameters that predict reoperation for FAI and correlate radiographic measurements with outcomes in these patients. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A prospectively collected institutional registry of adolescent patients (age, <19 years) who underwent surgery for FAI (arthroscopic/open) was reviewed. Preoperative standing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were analyzed for femoroepiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index, as well as lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and alpha, Tönnis, and Sharp angles. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) (modified Harris Hip Score, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) were analyzed preoperatively and at 1- and 2-year followup. Radiographic indication of risk for reoperation was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Spearman correlation was calculated between radiographic measurements and PROs at 2 years postoperatively. Results: A total of 81 patients (91 hips) underwent primary surgery (57 surgical dislocations vs 34 arthroscopies) for FAI. The mean age at time of primary operation was 16.23 years (range, 10.4-19.6 years) (73.6% female). Eleven hips (12.1%) underwent reoperation at a mean of 20.6 months from primary surgery. The LCEA, FEAR index, Tönnis angle, and Sharp angle before index surgery were significantly different ( P < .05) between patients who underwent reoperation and those who did not. ROC analysis indicated that LCEA <22°, FEAR index >–8.7°, Tönnis angle >6.0°, and Sharp angle >44° were predictors for increased risk of reoperation. Using the cutoff values from the ROC analysis in this series, 43% of patients with an LCEA ≤22° had a repeat procedure, while only 8% of those with an LCEA >22° had a repeat procedure. Similar trends were seen with the other aforementioned acetabular radiographic measurements (FEAR index, Tönnis angle, Sharp angle). Patients who did not require a reoperation demonstrated significant improvement in all PRO categories from their preoperative to 2-year postoperative visits ( P < .0001). Conclusion: In patients undergoing treatment for FAI, a reoperation was associated with radiographic signs of hip dysplasia, indicating that patients with a shallower acetabulum are at risk for a repeat operation.
Overordering of tumor marker for outpatients revealed by performance indicators and the impact of a health policy intervention: An observational study using administrative records
Authors: Gion Massimo , De Gobbi Roberto , Zorzi Manuel , Carretta Giovanni , Leonardi Luca , Guzzinati Stefano , Trevisiol Chiara , Cancian Maurizio , Cardinali Giulia , Michieletto Federica , Dittadi Ruggero , Fabricio Aline S.C. , Rugge Massimo , Russo Francesca 
Published: March 2023

Purpose The overuse of laboratory tests contributes to impair health systems effectiveness, tumor markers (TMs) being a paradigmatic example. In the present study we applied indicators of TMs appropriateness developed from administrative datasets to appraise regionwide overordering in the clinical practice. Patients and methods TMs ordered to outpatients in the Veneto Region over 6 years were obtained from the eletronic Outpatients’ Records of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. TMs orders were examined as aggregated data or stratified according to disease codes, gender, age, and requests per patient. TMs recommended only for specific malignancies were examined using epidemiological data obtained from Veneto Tumor Registry. Results A total of 5,821,251 TMs were ordered in 4,382,159 patients over 6 years. Overall, 3,252,389 (55.9%) TMs were ordered without appropriate disease codes (ranging from 77.0% for PSA to 17.5% for CA15.3). TM orders declined over 6 years (−13.4%), with a noticeable reduction of orders without appropriate disease codes (−21.3%). Orders decreased sharply from 2015 to 2016, after the enactment of a national Decree-Law aimed at improving appropriateness, and remained stable thereafter. However, the rate of inappropriate TMs requests still remained elevated (44.4%) in the last year of observation, with orders of TMs being much higher than expected on the basis of prevalence and incidence figures of specific malignancies. Conclusions Indicators developed from administrative datasets were effective in assessing the overordering of TMs and the impact of interventions to improve appropriateness. The developed indicators could be considered for other diagnostic tests.