bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home Safety, Quality of Life, Fall, and Fear of Falling Among Older Home Care Recipients
Authors: Cakir Nurcan Pirgan , Mandiracioglu Aliye , Hassoy Hur , Horasan Gonul Dinc 
Published: January 2023

Background and Purpose:
Fear of falling is the worry that appears with the fall, and it is quite commonly seen in older adults. The aim of the study was to detect the fear of falling and related factors in older persons who are receiving home care services provided by Bornova Municipality.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 386 individuals older than 60 years. The data were collected via face-to-face interviews by a questionnaire form, May-October, 2018. The fear of falling was measured by The Falls of Efficacy Scale-International. In addition, a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data, retrospective history of falls, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, EuroQol-5D, and Home Security Control List was used.

Results:
The mean age of the sample was 77.66 ± 7.59 years and females constituted 74.6% of them. Of the participants, 74.1% were detected to have fear of falling. The logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between the fear of falling and fall history, quality of life, and health status visual analog scale scores.

Conclusion:
It can be argued that the fear of falling is higher in the individuals who have a past experience of falling and the individuals who have a low quality of life. The older adults who have falls history should be determined as a risk group and protective measures should be applied to enhance their life quality.
Physiotherapy, Local Acupuncture, and Auricular Acupuncture for Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Hollisaz Mohammad Taghi , Khatibi Aghda Amidoddin , Asheghan Mahsa , Amanollahi Asadollah , Hashemi Seyed Ebrahim 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To compare local acupuncture and auricular acupuncture with physiotherapy in the treatment of frozen shoulder.

Methods:
A randomized clinical trial with 3 parallel groups in an outpatient clinic was conducted at a university hospital. In total, 116 participants with frozen shoulder were randomly allocated to 3 groups and underwent physiotherapy or local acupuncture or auricular acupuncture. Shoulder active and passive ranges of motion were assessed, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index questionnaire was used to assess pain and disability before and after the treatments.

Results:
Active and passive ranges of motion were best improved by physiotherapy in abduction and flexion (all P < .001). Passive external rotation was best increased after physiotherapy (P = .030). For active external and internal rotation, and also for passive internal rotation, there were no significant differences among the treatments. Pain reduction was more successful with acupuncture, especially with auricular acupuncture (P < .001). Auricular acupuncture was more effective in improving patients' functional abilities (P < .001). None of the participants reported any side effects resulting from the treatments.

Conclusion:
Acupuncture, particularly auricular acupuncture, is more effective in relieving pain and decreasing disability than physiotherapy. All the interventions were beneficial in improving range of motion.
Preoperative Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use: Influence on Abdominal Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Fagenson Alexander M , Schleider Christine , Philp Matthew M , Noonan Kristin M , Braun Pamela A , Cowan Scott , Pitt Henry A ,   On behalf of the Pennsylvania NSQIP Consortium
Published: January 2023

Background:
Preoperative opioid use has been shown to be associated with worse outcomes after surgery. However, little is known about the effect of preoperative benzodiazepines (BDZs) with and without opioids. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of preoperative substance use on outcomes after abdominal surgery.

Study Design:
Patients undergoing abdominal operations including ventral hernia, colectomy, hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, appendectomy, nephrectomy and hiatal hernia were identified in an Opioid Surgical Steward program by a regional NSQIP consortium in 2019-2021. ACS-NSQIP data were linked with custom substance use variables created by the collaborative. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed for 30-day outcomes.

Results:
Of 4,439 patients, 64% (N=2,847) were female with a median age of 56 years. The most common operations performed were hysterectomy (22%), ventral hernia repair (22%) and colectomy (21%). Preoperative opioid use was present in 11% of patients (N = 472); 10% (N = 449) were on BDZs, while 2.3% (N = 104) were on both. Serious morbidity was significantly (p < 0.001) increased in patients on preoperative opioids (16% vs. 7.9%) and BDZs (14% vs. 8.3%) compared to their naïve counterpart, and this effect was amplified in patients on both substances (20% vs. 7.5%). Multivariable regression analyses reveal that preoperative substance use is an independent risk factor (p < 0.01) for overall morbidity and serious morbidity.

Conclusions:
Preoperative opioid and benzodiazepine use are independent risk factors that contribute to postoperative morbidity. This influence on surgical outcomes is exacerbated when patients are on both substances.
Identifying Neural Signatures of Dopamine Signaling with Machine Learning
Authors: Sorooshyari Siamak K. , Ouassil Nicholas , Yang Sarah J. , Landry Markita P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe emergence of new tools to image neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neuropeptides has transformed our understanding of the role of neurochemistry in brain development and cognition, yet analysis of this new dimension of neurobiological information remains challenging. Here, we image dopamine modulation in striatal brain tissue slices with near infrared catecholamine nanosensors (nIRCat) and implement machine learning to determine which features of dopamine modulation are unique to changes in stimulation strength, and to different neuroanatomical regions. We trained a support vector machine and a random forest classifier to determine whether recordings were made from the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) versus the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and find that machine learning is able to accurately distinguish dopamine release that occurs in DLS from that occurring in DMS in a manner unachievable with canonical statistical analysis. Furthermore, our analysis determines that dopamine modulatory signals including the number of unique dopamine release sites and peak dopamine released per stimulation event are most predictive of neuroanatomy yet note that integrated neuromodulator amount is the conventional metric currently used to monitor neuromodulation in animal studies. Lastly, our study finds that machine learning discrimination of different stimulation strengths or neuroanatomical regions is only possible in adult animals, suggesting a high degree of variability in dopamine modulatory kinetics during animal development. Our study highlights that machine learning could become a broadly-utilized tool to differentiate between neuroanatomical regions, or between neurotypical and disease states, with features not detectable by conventional statistical analysis.
Limits to the spread of an obligate social cheater in the social amoebaDictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Medina James , Queller David , Strassmann Joan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCooperation is widespread across life, but its existence can be threatened by exploitation. Social cheaters can be obligate, incapable of contributing to a necessary function, so that spread of the cheater leads to loss of the function. In the social amoebaDictyostelium discoideum, obligate social cheaters cannot become dead stalk cells that lift spores up for dispersal, but instead depend on forming chimeras with fully functional altruistic individuals for forming a stalk. Obligate cheaters inD. discoideumare known to pay the cost of being unable to form fruiting bodies on their own. In this study we discovered that there are two additional costs that can apply to obligate cheaters. Even when there are wild-type cells to parasitize, the chimeric fruiting bodies that result have shorter stalks that are disadvantaged in spore dispersal. Furthermore, we found that obligate cheaters were overrepresented among spore cells in chimeras only when they were at low frequencies. Failure to develop into viable fruiting bodies on their own, negative frequency-dependent cheating, and shorter fruiting bodies represent three limits on obligate social cheating so it is not surprising that obligate cheaters have not been found in nature.
Altered structural-functional coupling in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chen Zhichun , Li Guanglu , Zhou Liche , Zhang Lina , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundStructural-functional coupling is abnormally altered in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and correlates with clinical symptoms of the patients. The relationships between structural-functional coupling and clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain unclear.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether the structural-functional coupling changes in PD and to explore the clinical implications of this network metric.MethodsStructural 3D T1-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 22 control subjects and 34 PD patients. Two types of structural-functional coupling (node coupling and network coupling) were derived from structural and functional images. The associations between structural-functional network coupling and clinical characteristics and genetic variations of 73 PD patients from Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative database were analyzed.ResultsPD patients exhibited reduced structural-functional node couplings in multiple brain networks compared to controls. Structural-functional node coupling could be shaped by age, sex, and disease severity. In addition, this metric was modified byTMEM175rs34311866 andGPNMBrs199347, two genetic variants conferring PD risk. In contrast, network coupling was less affected in PD. Particularly, structural-functional network couplings were potential predictors of motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms and pathological markers of cerebrospinal fluid in PD patients. Additionally, structural-functional network coupling was significantly correlated with metrics of network topology.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that structural-functional decoupling is an essential network feature in PD and structural-functional network coupling may serve as a valuable trait-like biomarker for disease burden in PD.
Targeting PPT1 with ezurpimtrostat sensitives liver tumor to immunotherapy by switching cold into hot microenvironments
Authors: Bestion Eloïne , Rachid Madani , Tijeras-Raballand Annemilaï , Roth Gael , Decaens Thomas , Ansaldi Christelle , Mezouar Soraya , Raymond Eric , Halfon Philippe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPalmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1) is an exciting druggable target for inhibiting autophagy in cancer.MethodsIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ezurpimtrostat-targeting PPT1 in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody in liver cancer using a transgenic immunocompetent mouse model.ResultsHerein, we revealed that inhibition of PPT1 using ezurpimtrostat, a safe anticancer drug in humans, decreased the liver tumor burden by inducing the penetration of lymphocytes within tumors when combined with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1). Inhibition of PPT1 potentiates the effects of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I at the surface of liver cancer cells and modulates immunity through recolonization and activation of cytotoxic CD8+lymphocytes.ConclusionsEzurpimtrostat turns cold into hot tumors and, thus, constitutes a powerful strategy to improve T cell-mediated immunotherapies in liver cancer.Summary boxWe reported that inhibiting palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 enzyme (PPT1) enhances the antitumor activity of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) in liver cancer in preclinical models. This study provides the rational for this combination in cancer clinical trials.Graphical abstractEzurpimtrostat activities in cancerThe absence of immune effectors especially cytotoxic cells in the microenvironment of cold tumor is associated with a lack of response to ICI. This condition is mainly due to an increase in the autophagy process responsible for the sequestration and destruction of an antigen-presenting molecule, MHC-I. The inhibition of PPT1 using ezurpimtrostat treatment led to (1) the inhibition of PPT1 and consequently the autophagy process, (2) the increase of MHC-I surface expression, and (3) the recruitment and the activation of CD8+T cells at tumor site leading to (4) the improvement of CD8+T cell cytotoxic activity. Thus, ezurpimtrostat-treated tumors become eligible for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy as the combination of both led to decreased macronodules, micronodules, and tumor growth.
Human Bone Marrow Plasma Cell Atlas: Maturation and Survival Pathways Unraveled by Single Cell Analyses
Authors: Duan Meixue , Nguyen Doan C. , Joyner Chester J. , Saney Celia L. , Tipton Christopher M. , Andrews Joel , Lonial Sagar , Kim Caroline , Hentenaar Ian , Kosters Astrid , Ghosn Eliver , Jackson Annette , Knechtle Stuart , Maruthamuthu Stalinraja , Chandran Sindhu , Martin Tom , Rajalingam Raja , Vincenti Flavio , Breeden Cynthia , Sanz Ignacio , Gibson Greg , Eun-Hyung Lee F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman bone marrow (BM) plasma cells are heterogeneous, ranging from newly arrived antibody-secreting cells (ASC) to long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). We provide single cell transcriptional resolution of 17,347 BM ASC from 5 healthy adults. Fifteen clusters were identified ranging from newly minted ASC (cluster 1) expressing MKI67 and high MHC Class II that progressed to late clusters 5-8 through intermediate clusters 2-4. Additional clusters included early and late IgM-predominant ASC of likely extra-follicular origin; IFN-responsive; and high mitochondrial activity ASC. Late ASCs were distinguished by differences in G2M checkpoints, MTOR signaling, distinct metabolic pathways, CD38 expression, and utilization of TNF-receptor superfamily members. They mature through two distinct paths differentiated by the degree of TNF signaling through NFKB. This study provides the first single cell resolution atlas and molecular roadmap of LLPC maturation, thereby providing insight into differentiation trajectories and molecular regulation of these essential processes in the human BM microniche. This information enables investigation of the origin of protective and pathogenic antibodies in multiple diseases and development of new strategies targeted to the enhancement or depletion of the corresponding ASC.One Sentence Summary:The single cell transcriptomic atlas of human bone marrow plasma cell heterogeneity shows maturation of class-switched early and late subsets, specific IgM and Interferon-driven clusters, and unique heterogeneity of the late subsets which encompass the long-lived plasma cells.
Translational predictions of phase 2a first-in-patient efficacy studies for antituberculosis drugs
Authors: Ernest Jacqueline P. , Ni Goh Janice Jia , Strydom Natasha , Wang Qianwen , van Wijk Rob C. , Zhang Nan , Deitchman Amelia , Nuermberger Eric , Savic Rada M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhase 2a trials in tuberculosis typically use early bactericidal activity (EBA), the decline in sputum colony forming units (CFU) over 14 days, as the primary outcome for testing the efficacy of drugs as monotherapy. However, the cost of phase 2a trials can range from 7 to 19.6 million dollars on average, while more than 30% of drugs fail to progress to phase 3. Better utilizing preclinical data to predict and prioritize the most likely drugs to succeed will thus help accelerate drug development and reduce costs. We aim to predict clinical EBA using preclinical in vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) data and a model-based translational pharmacology approach.Methods and FindingsFirst, mouse PK, PD and clinical PK models were compiled. Second, mouse PKPD models were built to derive an exposure response relationship. Third, translational prediction of clinical EBA studies was performed using mouse PKPD relationships and informed by clinical PK models and species-specific protein binding. Presence or absence of clinical efficacy was accurately predicted from the mouse model. Predicted daily decreases of CFU in the first 2 days of treatment and between day 2 and day 14 were consistent with clinical observations.ConclusionThis platform provides an innovative solution to inform or even replace phase 2a EBA trials, to bridge the gap between mouse efficacy studies and phase 2b and phase 3 trials, and to substantially accelerate drug development.
Trends in patient attachment to an aging primary care workforce: a population-based serial cross-sectional study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Premji Kamila , Green Michael E , Glazier Richard H , Khan Shahriar , Schultz Susan E , Mathews Maria , Nastos Steve , Frymire Eliot , Ryan Bridget L 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundPopulation aging is a global phenomenon. Resultant healthcare workforce shortages are anticipated. To ensure access to comprehensive primary care, which correlates with improved health outcomes, equity, and costs, data to inform workforce planning are urgently needed.ObjectivesTo explore temporal trends in early career, mid-career, and near-retirement comprehensive primary care physician characteristics, the medical and social needs of their patients, and the workforce’s capacity to absorb patients of near-retirement physicians. Gender-based workforce trends and trends around alternative practice models were also explored.DesignA serial cross-sectional population-based study using health administrative data.SettingOntario, Canada, where most comprehensive primary care is delivered by family physicians (FPs) under universal insurance.ParticipantsAll insured Ontario residents at three time points: 2008 (12,936,360), 2013 (13,447,365), and 2019 (14,388,566) and all Ontario physicians who billed primary care services (2008: 11,566; 2013: 12,693; 2019: 15,054).Exposure(s)Changes in the comprehensive FP workforce over three time periods.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)The number and proportion of patients attached to near-retirement comprehensive FPs; the number and proportion of near-retirement comprehensive FPs; the characteristics of patients and their comprehensive FPs.ResultsPatient attachment to comprehensive FPs increased over time. The overall FP workforce grew, but the proportion practicing comprehensiveness declined from 77.2% (2008) to 70.7% (2019), with shifts into other/focused scopes of practice across all physician career stages. Over time, an increasing proportion of the comprehensive FP workforce was near retirement age. Correspondingly, an increasing proportion of patients were attached to near-retirement comprehensive FPs. By 2019, 13.9% of comprehensive FPs were 65 years or older, corresponding to 1,695,126 (14.8%) patients. Mean patient age increased, and near-retirement comprehensive FPs served markedly increasing numbers of medically and socially complex patients.Conclusions and RelevancePrimary care is foundational to high-performing health systems, but the sector faces capacity challenges as both patients and physicians age and fewer physicians choose to practice comprehensiveness. Nearly 15% (1.7 million) of Ontarians with a comprehensive FP may lose their physician to retirement by 2025. To serve a growing and increasingly complex patient population, innovative solutions that extend beyond simply growing the FP workforce are needed.
Analysis of ATC-related aviation accidents and incidents
Authors: Nikšić Lejla , Arıkan Öztürk Ebru 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the air traffic control (ATC)-related accidents and incidents. The paper aims to determine technical, operational and environmental factors that influence ATC-related accidents and incidents. This is important to reduce the number of these accidents.Design/methodology/approachThis predictive and dipendence study investigated situational factors indicated in the data sets of National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) (for the period 2008–2018). The specific factors were time of day in which accident occurred, location, air traffic management (ATM) contribution, flight rules, ATC unit and outside factors. Logistic regression was used to differentiate factors between fatal ATC-related accidents versus ATC-related incidents. Further, by using Pearson’s chi-squared test, significant relationships between all factors in ATC-related accidents and ATC-related incidents were identified.FindingsThe results showed that five factors of total six factors – ATM contribution, flight rules, ATC unit, outside factors and aircraft location – influence to ATC-related accidents and incidents. Further, results showed significant relationships between each all factors in ATC-related accidents and incidents. According to that, differences and similitudes are presented.Originality/valueAfter more than 20 years, study about ATC-related accidents and incidents was necessary to establish changements in thıs type of accidents. Belong of that, this is the first study that used data sets of both, NTSB and EASA, to determine the factors that affect ATC-related accidents and incidents.
Gender and financial literacy in Ghana
Authors: Sarpong-Kumankoma Emmanuel , Ab-Bakar Sayeed , Akplehey Felix Nartey 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study examines the gender gap in financial literacy in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs primary data and probit models together with the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition strategy.FindingsThe authors found that males are generally more financially literate than females are. The results also show that much of the gender gap in financial literacy is explained by differences in coefficients or how literacy is produced and not by differences in the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of men and women. Thus, the gap may be attributable to unobserved behavioural and psychological traits, as well as cultural and social norms regarding gender roles in financial decision-making.Practical implicationsIt is evident that further action is needed to bridge the gap between men and women with regards to financial literacy. Effective interventions may include improving women's access to financial information and education, as well as encouraging their participation in household financial decision-making and planning. In particular, less educated women need to be targeted by policy initiatives in this regard.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the scant literature on gender gap in financial literacy in developing countries.