bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of collision risk at wind turbines based on flight altitude of migratory waterbirds
Authors: Kamata Taito , Sato Hitomi , Mukai Haruka , Sato Takahiro , Yamada Shintaro , Sekijima Tsuneo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

A rapid increase in wind power generation has led to bird collisions becoming a serious problem worldwide. Developing useful sensitivity maps to select low‐risk sites for birds is an urgent issue. For migratory birds, such as geese and swans, that visit different habitats throughout their life cycle, it is important to conduct risk assessments that take into account their behavioural characteristics in each habitat. Geese and swans fly and migrate at varying altitudes (above the ground) ranging from 10 to hundreds of metres. Accurate predictions of avian flight altitudes are essential in assessing the risks of collisions with human‐made structures.

We first obtained location data for four species of geese and swans to identify their spring migratory routes within Japan (Bean Goose Anser fabalis and Anser serrirostris, Greater White‐fronted Goose Anser albifrons, Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii and Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus). As all four species used the same roosts and overlapping foraging areas from winter to spring, a single migratory route was defined by integrating the location data of the four species.

Flight trajectories were tracked using an ornithodolite. The median flight height for these four species in all landscape types was 150 m or less. Then a LASSO regression model was created with flight altitude obtained as the response variable and topographic and landscape factors as explanatory variables. Trends in flight altitude with environmental differences were similar for the four species, indicating that topographical factors strongly influence flight altitude. Finally, a statistical model was used to predict flight altitudes along migration routes.

The sensitivity maps we generated showed that for all four species, most flight heights during spring were within the wind turbine range, suggesting that their risk of collision with wind turbines was greater along their migratory route. Sensitivity maps that accurately reflect avian flight characteristics help provide useful information when considering the location of further wind turbine construction.
Acquisition time reduction in pediatric 99mTc‐DMSA planar imaging using deep learning
Authors: Ichikawa Shota , Sugimori Hiroyuki , Ichijiri Koki , Yoshimura Takaaki , Nagaki Akio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeGiven the potential risk of motion artifacts, acquisition time reduction is desirable in pediatric 99mTc‐dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of predicted full‐acquisition‐time images from short‐acquisition‐time pediatric 99mTc‐DMSA planar images with only 1/5th acquisition time using deep learning in terms of image quality and quantitative renal uptake measurement accuracy.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐five cases that underwent pediatric 99mTc‐DMSA planar imaging as dynamic data for 10 min were retrospectively collected for the development of three deep learning models (DnCNN, Win5RB, and ResUnet), and the generation of full‐time images from short‐time images. We used the normalized mean squared error (NMSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index metrics (SSIM) to evaluate the accuracy of the predicted full‐time images. In addition, the renal uptake of 99mTc‐DMSA was calculated, and the difference in renal uptake from the reference full‐time images was assessed using scatter plots with Pearson correlation and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsThe predicted full‐time images from the deep learning models showed a significant improvement in image quality compared to the short‐time images with respect to the reference full‐time images. In particular, the predicted full‐time images obtained by ResUnet showed the lowest NMSE (0.4 [0.4−0.5] %) and the highest PSNR (55.4 [54.7−56.1] dB) and SSIM (0.997 [0.995−0.997]). For renal uptake, an extremely high correlation was achieved in all short‐time and three predicted full‐time images (R2 > 0.999 for all). The Bland–Altman plots showed the lowest bias (−0.10) of renal uptake in ResUnet, while short‐time images showed the lowest variance (95% confidence interval: −0.14, 0.45) of renal uptake.ConclusionsOur proposed method is capable of producing images that are comparable to the original full‐acquisition‐time images, allowing for a reduction of acquisition time/injected dose in pediatric 99mTc‐DMSA planar imaging.
A Flexible Sensitive Visible‐NIR Organic Photodetector with High Durability
Authors: Pu Kai , Xu Zhuhua , Gao Yu , Zhao Cong , Ershad Faheem , Li Yuan , Wang Richard , Yu Cunjiang , Wei Guodan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLow‐cost, deformable visible‐near‐infrared (visible‐NIR) photodetectors can be configured into non‐planar shapes to meet emerging optical needs. However, it remains challenging to develop low‐cost flexible visible‐NIR photosensor with excellent mechanical deformability and high optical detectivity. Herein, we report a flexible visible‐NIR organic photodetector (OPD) based on a blend film of D18:BTP‐4F as the active layer on a polyethylene naphthalate substrate. Owing to the low exciton binding energy of BTP‐4F and the preferred orientation of the D18:BTP‐4F film, the as‐fabricated OPD exhibits excellent self‐powered optoelectronic performances with a high responsivity, high detectivity, and fast response time of 206 mA W−1, 6.45 × 1012 Jones (1 Jones = 1 cm Hz1/2 W−1), and 9 µs at the wavelength of 800 nm and bias voltage of 0 V, respectively. After 1000 bending/releasing cycles with an angle of 150° at a radius of curvature of 3 mm, the current‐voltage curves remain stable both measured under dark and light illumination, indicating obvious device operation robustness. The reliable linear photosensitivity of the as‐obtained OPD is demonstrated by the photoresponse under a range of different incident light intensities and its practical application for wearable health monitoring such as heart rate measurement is well demonstrated. Furthermore, a flexible visible‐NIR image sensor for imaging acquisition is shown by demonstrating 5 × 5 OPD array under 850 nm light irradiation. The collective results on blend film design, flexible device fabrication and characterization, and imager development shed light on sought‐after visible‐NIR photosensing and imaging systems.
Multi‐Responsive 0D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Cuprous Bromides Constructed via Ultra‐Facile Approaches for Multimodal Luminescent Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: An Ran , Hao Jiayue , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie , Feng Jing , Wang Xinyu , Sun Haizhu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLuminescent anti‐counterfeiting has the advantages of high secrecy, low cost, flexible design, simple operation, and convenient light‐regulation of luminescent materials, which makes it easy to achieve high‐level multimodal anti‐counterfeiting. Here, zero‐dimensional (0D) organic–inorganic hybrid luminescent crystals (TPA)CuBr2 (TPA+ = [N(CH2CH2CH3)4]+) with multiple responses to ultraviolet (UV) light, water, and thermal stimulus are synthesized through an ultra‐facile approach for multimodal luminescent anti‐counterfeiting. Water‐sensitive (TPA)CuBr2 could transform into 0D (TPA)2Cu4Br6 upon external water stimulus, accompanied by the change of luminescence color from cyan to orange under UV light irradiation. Both (TPA)CuBr2 and (TPA)2Cu4Br6 exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields, and long photoluminescence decay lifetimes. In addition, (TPA)CuBr2 and (TPA)2Cu4Br6 show reversible “on‐off” luminescence phenomena and excellent cycling stability under thermal stimulus. Exhilaratingly, multimodal anti‐counterfeiting luminescent labels with high‐security level could be fabricated based on the multiple responsive organic–inorganic hybrid cuprous bromides. Moreover, the test paper based on (TPA)CuBr2 could be fabricated for the detection of trace water in isopropanol. This work demonstrates the capabilities of (TPA)CuBr2 and (TPA)2Cu4Br6 as high‐security anti‐counterfeiting materials and luminescent sensors, which provides an important reference for exploring 0D metal halides for high‐level luminescent anti‐counterfeiting.
Optical Manipulation of Layer–Valley Coherence via Strong Exciton–Photon Coupling in Microcavities
Authors: Khatoniar Mandeep , Yama Nicholas , Ghazaryan Areg , Guddala Sriram , Ghaemi Pouyan , Majumdar Kausik , Menon Vinod 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoherent control and manipulation of quantum degrees of freedom such as spins forms the basis of emerging quantum technologies. In this context, the robust valley degree of freedom and the associated valley pseudospin found in two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides is a highly attractive platform. Valley polarization and coherent superposition of valley states have been observed in these systems even up to room temperature. Control of valley coherence is an important building block for the implementation of valley qubit. Large magnetic fields or high‐power lasers have been used in the past to demonstrate the control (initialization and rotation) of the valley coherent states. Here, the control of layer–valley coherence via strong coupling of valley excitons in bilayer WS2 to microcavity photons is demonstrated by exploiting the pseudomagnetic field arising in optical cavities owing to the transverse electric–transverse magnetic (TE–TM)mode splitting. The use of photonic structures to generate pseudomagnetic fields which can be used to manipulate exciton‐polaritons presents an attractive approach to control optical responses without the need for large magnets or high‐intensity optical pump powers.
Achieving High Temporal Resolution in Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Techniques Using Plasmonic Nanoantennas
Authors: Tiwari Sunny , Roy Prithu , Claude Jean‐Benoît , Wenger Jérôme 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSingle‐molecule fluorescence techniques are essential for investigating the molecular mechanisms in biological processes. However, achieving sub‐millisecond temporal resolution to monitor fast molecular dynamics remains a significant challenge. The fluorescence brightness is the key parameter that generally defines the temporal resolution for these techniques. Conventional microscopes and standard fluorescent emitters fall short in achieving the high brightness required for sub‐millisecond monitoring. Plasmonic nanoantennas are proposed as a solution, but despite huge fluorescence enhancement having been obtained with these structures, the brightness generally remains below 1 million photons/s/molecule. Therefore, the improvement of temporal resolution is overlooked. This article presents a method for achieving high temporal resolution in single‐molecule fluorescence techniques using plasmonic nanoantennas, specifically optical horn antennas. This work demonstrates about 90% collection efficiency of the total emitted light, reaching a high fluorescence brightness of 2 million photons/s/molecule in the saturation regime. This enables observations of single molecules with microsecond binning time and fast fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements. This work expands the applications of plasmonic antennas and zero‐mode waveguides in the fluorescence saturation regime toward brighter single‐molecule signal, faster temporal resolutions, and improved detection rates to advance fluorescence sensing, DNA sequencing, and dynamic studies of molecular interactions.
Approaching the Shortest Intermetallic Distance of Half‐Lantern Diplatinum(II) Complexes for Efficient and Stable Deep‐Red Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wen Zhenhua , Xu Yulin , Song Xiu‐Fang , Miao Jingsheng , Zhang Youming , Li Kai , Yang Chuluo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA fast radiative decay process for long‐wavelength molecular light‐emitters is vital to achieving a high emission efficiency by outcompeting the nonradiative decay imposed by the energy‐gap law. An ensuing short emission lifetime is also beneficial for fabricating high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes. Herein a series of half‐lantern dinuclear platinum(II) complexes is reported, which shows high‐efficiency deep red phosphorescence (λem > 660 nm). The molecules are designed to have a cofacially aligned structure featuring short Pt–Pt distances of 2.80–2.83 Å by using 10H‐pyrido[3,2‐b][1,4]benzoxazine (PyXZ) as the rigid bridges, which are revealed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Together with the strong electron‐donating property of PyXZ bridges, the metallophilic interaction endows low‐energy triplet excited states with mixed metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (3MMLCT) and ligand‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (3LLCT) characters. The deep red devices based on the diplatinum(II) complexes show maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 21.8%. The EQE of 19.4% and operational lifetime (LT85) of 334 h (the operational time after which the luminance drops to 85% of the initial value) at a luminance of 1000 cd m−2 promise the pratical use of these complexes.
Water Skin Effect and Arched Double‐Sided Evaporation for Boosting All‐Weather High Salinity Desalination
Authors: Wang Chengbing , Xu Keyuan , Shi Guoliang , Wei Dan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh efficiency, long‐term salt rejection, and continuous operation under all‐weather conditions have always been the goals of solar‐driven desalination of high salinity brine. Here, a synergistic strategy of water skin effect and double‐sided evaporation is proposed by an arched evaporator to overcome the above issues. Specifically, a hydrophobic carbon‐fiber cloth (CC) is coated with metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived superhydrophilic carbon films, and bent into an arch‐like configuration. Due to unique hydrophobic‐core/hydrophilic‐shell structure, an ultrathin water film (30–150 µm) is confined to the outer layer like skin. Thanks to the water skin effect and coevaporation of outer and inner surfaces, the arched evaporator displays ultrahigh evaporation rate of 3.21 kg m−2 h−1 (3.5 wt% NaCl) and 2.87 kg m−2 h−1 (20 wt% NaCl) under 1 sun illumination. Simultaneously, the free‐flowing water skin with fast convection for salt rejection, ensures stable evaporation performance during the whole day. Additionally, an evaporation rate up to 3.5 kg m−2 h−1 is acquired with only 2.5 V input voltage in a dark environment, attributable to the superior electrothermal effect of CC. The constructed evaporator with all‐in‐one function provides an effective way for commercial, portable photothermal conversion to achieve seawater purification.
Engineering Silicon Interfaces with Transparent AlyTiOx/ZnO/TiO2 Stack Exhibiting Exceptional Passivating Contact Performance
Authors: Shehata Mohamed M. , Bartholazzi Gabriel , Macdonald Daniel H. , Black Lachlan E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPassivating contact technologies are essential for fabricating high‐efficiency crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells, and their application and incorporation into manufacturing lines has ranked as a hot topic of research. Generally, ideal passivating contacts should combine excellent electrical contact, outstanding surface passivation, and high optical transparency. However, addressing all these criteria concurrently is challenging since it is unlikely for any single material to exhibit both efficient carrier transport and surface‐defect passivation while demonstrating negligible parasitic absorption. In this work, several earth‐abundant, wide‐bandgap materials are combined to engineer high‐quality transparent electron‐selective passivating contact structures capable of overcoming these obstacles. A highly transparent AlyTiOx/ZnO/TiO2 stack with a total thickness of 3 nm, prepared by atomic layer deposition, is shown to provide a close‐to‐ideal passivating contact to Si surfaces by enabling dual functions of remarkable silicon surface passivation (with an effective minority carrier lifetime of 12.3 ms, an implied open‐circuit voltage of 730 mV, and a surface recombination current density prefactor of 2.6 fA cm−2), combined with efficient carrier transport with a very low contact resistivity of 3.4 mΩ cm2. These results demonstrate that low‐cost silicon interface‐engineering strategiesbased on transition metal oxides can push c‐Si solar cell performance to its theoretical limits.
Biomass Photoreforming for Hydrogen and Value‐Added Chemicals Co‐Production on Hierarchically Porous Photocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Heng , Liu Jing , Zhong Na , Larter Steve , Li Yu , Kibria Md Golam , Su Bao‐Lian , Chen Zhangxin , Hu Jinguang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiomass, a naturally abundant, sustainable and clean resource has great potential as an alternative to replace the limited fossil feedstock for value‐added chemicals and fuels. Biomass with abundant reductive functional groups could theoretically act as electron donor to consume photogenerated holes and/or active free radicals. Biomass photoreforming over semiconductor photocatalysts using solar light as energy input attracts much attention in this context. However, biomass photoreforming still suffers low conversion efficiency and product selectivity due to its structural complexity, poor solubility and unclear reaction mechanism. Owing to the advanced features of mass diffusion of biomass derivatives and adjustable surface properties, hierarchically porous photocatalysts with desired active sites at each length scale of porosity have shown their superiority in boosting the conversion efficiency and selectivity of biomass photoreforming. Herein, a critical review is presented on selective biomass photoreforming for simultaneous H2 and value‐added chemicals co‐production on hierarchically porous photocatalysts. The fundamentals of biomass photoreforming and current bottleneck of biomass valorization by photocatalytic process are presented and analyzed. The rational photocatalyst design with hierarchically porous structure to improve the biomass conversion and product selectivity by boosting mass transfer is highlighted. Finally the challenges and opportunities for photocatalytic biomass valorization are presented in the perspective ssection.
Minimized Energy Loss at the Buried Interface of p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells via Accelerating Charge Transfer and Forming p–n Homojunction
Authors: Zhang Jiankai , Yu Bo , Sun Yapeng , Yu Huangzhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe energy loss (Eloss) aroused by inefficient charge transfer and large energy level offset at the buried interface of p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) limits their development. In this work, a BF4− anion‐assisted molecular doping (AMD) strategy is first proposed to improve the charge transfer capability of hole transport layers (HTLs) and reduce the energy level offset at the buried interface of PVSCs. The AMD strategy improves the carrier mobility and density of poly[bis(4‐phenyl) (2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) amine] (PTAA) and poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butilphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine] (Poly‐TPD) HTLs while lowering their Fermi levels. Meanwhile, BF4− anions regulate the crystallization and reduce donor‐type iodine vacancies, resulting in the energetics transformation from n‐type to p‐type on the bottom surface of perovskite film. The faster charge transfer and formed p–n homojunction reduce charge recombination and Eloss at the HTL/perovskite buried interface. The PVSCs utilizing AMD treated PTAA and Poly‐TPD as HTLs demonstrate a highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.26% and 22.65%, along with retaining 90.97% and 85.95% of the initial PCE after maximum power point tracking for 400 h. This work provides an effective way to minimize the Eloss at the buried interface of p‐i‐n PVSCs by accelerating charge transfer and forming p–n homojunctions.
New Zintl Phase Yb10MgSb9 with High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Borgsmiller Leah , Li Qingyuan , Toriyama Michael Y. , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: April 2023

AbstractYb10MgSb9 is a new Zintl compound (with a composition closer to Yb10.5MgSb9) and a promising thermoelectric material first reported in this work. Undoped Yb10MgSb9 has an ultralow thermal conductivity due to crystallographic complexity and exhibits a relatively high peak p‐type Seebeck coefficient and high electrical resistivity. This is consistent with Zintl counting and density functional theory (DFT) calculations that the composition Yb10.5MgSb9 should be a semiconductor. Na is found experimentally to be an effective p‐type dopant potentially due to the replacement of Na+ for Yb2+, allowing for a significant decrease in electrical resistivity. With doping, a dramatic improvement of electrical conductivity is observed and the glass‐like thermal conductivity remains low, allowing for a significant enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit, zT. Doping increases the zT from 0.23 in undoped Yb10MgSb9 to 1.06 in 7 at% Na‐doped Yb10MgSb9 at 873K. This high thermoelectric performance found through Na‐doping places this material amongst the leading p‐type Zintl thermoelectrics, making it a promising candidate for future studies and high‐temperature thermoelectric applications.
K2S2O8‐induced Dearomative Spirocyclization of Biaryl Ynones with Diselenides toward Selenated Spiro[5.5]trienones
Authors: Yu Lanbin , Peng Yingzhi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA metal‐free radical spirocyclization of biaryl ynones with diselenides is developed, providing selenated spiro[5.5]trienones in moderate to good yields. This protocol features broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and free of an inert atmosphere. Furthermore, the replacement of diselenides with ditellurides is also applicable for this reaction to construct the corresponding tellurium‐substituted spiro[5.5]trienones.
Survival and growth assessment after reintroduction of the pocketbook mussel, Lampsilis cardium Rafinesque, 1820 among three streams in Nebraska (USA)
Authors: Montesanto Federica , Ohlman Lindsay M. , Pegg Mark A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Freshwater mussels are a globally diverse and fundamental group in aquatic ecosystems. However, 65% of freshwater mussel species have become endangered over the past century and 10% of them are already extinct. Natural population preservation and restoration efforts have been expedited, but the complicated life history of this taxon presents many challenges since species‐specific ecology involved in restoration projects is often poorly understood.
Lampsilis cardium is an imperilled freshwater mussel in Nebraska, USA. A reintroduction project has been carried out to restore L. cardium populations among three streams in Nebraska, during autumn 2016 and summer 2017. A 2‐year mark–recapture study was used to determine habitat, timing and size‐at‐introduction effects on mussel survival and growth following introduction. Water quality and habitat parameters were seasonally recorded from each site to assess potential effects on mussel growth and survival.
The highest daily growth rates of L. cardium ranged between 145 and 185 μm d−1, whereas the lowest daily growth rates observed were ∼88–107 μm d−1, with the greater rate of shell growth always recorded for those individuals introduced in spring and lower for those individuals introduced in summer or autumn. Survival models indicated that mussels were most susceptible to mortality immediately following introduction in spring, whereas size at introduction had almost no effect on survival. At each site, habitat parameter measurements recorded during different seasons indicated that calcium availability, water temperatures, water depth and water quality may contribute to differences in growth and survival rates.
Survival rate estimation and population growth predictions are essential knowledge to understand population dynamics; this study provides useful information and a framework for management decisions that may influence L. cardium population dynamics, such as identifying more suitable habitats and introduction times not only for this species but also other similar unionids.