bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GastroNet: A Custom Deep Learning Approach for Classification of Anomalies
in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Images
Authors: Mary.  A. Anitha , Raj  A. Peniel Winifred , Karthik C. , Karunaharan Aldrin 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Among all cancer forms, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the most serious condition that spreads quickly and requires early detection. GI disorders claim the lives of up to nearly two million people worldwide. To lower the mortality rate from GI cancer, early detection is essential.

Methods:
For the identification of GI illnesses, such as polyps, stomach ulcers, and bleeding, endoscopy is the gold standard in the medical imaging industry. The numerous images produced by endoscopy require an enormous amount of time for the specialist to diagnose the disease. It makes manual diagnosis difficult and has sparked research on automatic computer-based approaches to diagnose all the generated images quickly and accurately. AI-based algorithms have already been used in endoscopy images with promising outcomes and have enhanced disease identification and classification with precision. However, there are still a lot of issues to be solved, including figuring out potential biases in algorithms and improving interpretability and generalizability.

Results:
The proposed GastroNet model creates a system for classifying digestive problems for the Kvasir Version 1 dataset. The framework consists of different CNN layers with multiple filters, and average max-pooling is used to extract image features. The optimization of network parameters is done using the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithm.

Conclusion:
Finally, the robustness of the proposed model is compared with other state-of-the-art models like VGG 19, ResNet 50, Inception, and Xception in terms of evaluation metrics.
A Comparison of Colour Doppler Ultrasound and 2D Ultrasound as Promising
Prediction Methods for the Treatment effect of Patients with Advanced Cervical
Cancer
Authors: Dai Beibei 
Published: September 2023

Background:
A number of studies have evaluated the effect of colour Doppler ultrasound in patients with cervical cancer.

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of colour Doppler ultrasound and two-dimensional ultrasound of monitoring patients with cervical cancer.

Methods:
Colour Doppler ultrasound (Experimental group) and two-dimensional ultrasound (Control group) are used to monitor cervical cancer and assess the treatment effects. PFS, CI, HR, DCR, ORR, PR, SD, PD, ROD, sensitivity, and specificity, accuracy between the two groups were collected and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 50 patients are included in this study, and the results show that PFS (Experimental group (EG) 5.8±2.2 versus Control group (CG) 6.1±2.6), CI (EG 20% versus CG 16%), HR (EG0.31±0.18 versus CG 0.36±0.21), DCR (EG 80% versus CG 84%), ORR(EG 28% versus CG 36%), PR (EG 16% versus CG 20%), SD (EG 48% versus CG 56%), PD (EG 12% versus CG 16%) (EG 12% versus CG 16%), ROD(EG 44% versus CG 52%) between the two groups are >0.05, and the values of sensitivity (EG 75.6% versus CG 40.2%), specificity (EG 78.4% versus CG 43.3%), and accuracy(EG 80.5% versus CG 41.4%) between the two groups are<0.05.

Conclusion:
Both Colour Doppler ultrasound and two-dimensional ultrasound are effective methods to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer.
TIPS with a Twist � The Real Life Management of a Case of Budd-Chiarirelated
Acute Liver and Subsequent Multiple Organ Failure
Authors: Craciun Rares , Chira Romeo , Nemes Andrada , Stefanescu Horia , Cocu Simona , Procopet Bogdan 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Budd-Chari syndrome (BCS) is a rare condition defined by the obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. BCS is a relatively infrequent cause of acute liver failure (ALF), accounting for less than 1% of cases. Treatment for acute BCS consists of a stepwise approach, requiring anticoagulation, angioplasty, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and liver transplantation.

Case Report:
We present the case of a 31-year-old female patient with BCS, which led to ALF and subsequent multiple organ failure, which was successfully treated with TIPS and endovascular coil placement. Initial diagnostic workup revealed the complete obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow, spleno-mesenteric confluent thrombosis, and biochemical criteria of ALF. Her condition rapidly deteriorated towards multiple organ failure. At one point, the MELD score was 42, while the SOFA score predicted a mortality rate of >95%. Following continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration with cytokine adsorbent filters, TIPS was inserted, resulting in a portal pressure gradient (PPG) of 14 mmHg. Following TIPS, the patient had persistent ascites and later presented an episode of gastric variceal bleeding with endoscopic and surgical treatment failure. TIPS revision with further dilation led to a final PPG of 6 mmHg. During the procedure, selective embolization by coil placement of the spleno-gastric collateral circulation ultimately resolved the variceal bleeding. In the aftermath, the patient had complete organ failure remission and was successfully discharged with no ascites, encephalopathy, or significant impairment regarding daily life activities.

Conclusion:
In the rare setting of BCS complicated with ALF and portal hypertension-related complications, TIPS and endovascular embolization provide a unique, effective, and against-all-odd solution.
Design, Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of Cinnamoyl Derivatives of 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1-(2H)-one Oxime
Authors: Mokrov Grigory V. , Biryukova Valentina E. , Vorobieva Tatiana Y. , Pantileev Andry S. , Grigorkevich Oksana S. , Zhmurenko Ludmila A. , Rebeko Alexey G. , Bayburtskiy Felix S. , Litvinova Svetlana A. , Voronina Tatiana A. , Gudasheva Tatiana A. , Seredenin Sergei B. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Epilepsy continues to be a significant global health problem and the search
for new drugs for its treatment remains an urgent task. 5-HT2 and GABAA-receptors are among
promising biotargets for the search for new anticonvulsants.

Methods:
New potential 5-HT2 and GABAA ligands in the series of substituted cinnamoyl derivatives
of 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1-(2H)-one oxime were designed using pharmacophore
model and molecular docking analysis. The synthesis of new compounds was carried out from
3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1(2H)-one oxime and substituted cinnamoyl chlorides. The
anticonvulsant activity of new substances has been established using the maximal electroshock seizure
test.

Results:
Several synthesized substituted cinnamoyl derivatives of 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrodibenzo
[b,d]furan-1-(2H)-one oxime significantly reduced the severity of convulsive manifestations and
completely prevented the death of animals after MES. The structure-activity relationship was investigated.
The most effective compound was found to be GIZH-348 (1g) (3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrodibenzo[
b,d]furan-1(2Н)-one О-(4-chlorophenyl)acryloyl)oxime) at the doses of 10-20 mg/kg.

Conclusion:
Molecular and pharmacophore modelling methods allowed us to create a new group of
substituted cinnamoyl derivatives of 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1-(2H)-one oxime with
anticonvulsant activity.
The Potential Role of Soybean Bioactive Peptides in the Prevention and
Cure of Carcinoma and Cardiovascular Disorder
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Kumar Shivendra , Singh Talever 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Bioactive peptides derived from soybeans have recently been identified as having potential
health benefits for preventing and curing cancer and cardiovascular disorders. This narrative
review focuses on the potential role of these peptides in such conditions and the possible mechanisms
by which they may act. Soybean-derived bioactive peptides have been found to possess antitumor,
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects. Animal and in vitro studies
have demonstrated that these peptides can modulate multiple signaling pathways, including those
involved in the regulation of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, they may
protect against oxidative stress and lipid accumulation, which are associated with cancer and cardiovascular
diseases. Also, soybean peptides have been shown to stop enzymes from breaking down
cancer-causing chemicals and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are
linked to a higher risk of heart disease. The potential of soybean-derived peptides as a therapeutic
tool in cancer and cardiovascular diseases is promising. However, further studies are needed to elucidate
their mechanisms of action and assess their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.
Fatty Acid Metabolism Signature Contributes to the Molecular Diagnosis
of a Malignant Gastric Cancer Subtype with Poor Prognosis and Lower
Mutation Burden
Authors: Chen Zhengwei , Cheng Guoxiong 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common gastrointestinal tumor with high morbidity
and mortality. Fatty acid metabolism (FAM) contributes to GC development. Patents have
been issued for the use of compositions comprising fatty acid analogues for the treatment of many
clinical conditions. However, its clinical significance and its relationship with tumor-related mutations
have not been thoroughly discovered. This study was conducted to analyze and explore
FAM-related genes’ molecular characteristics, prognostic significance, and association with tumor-
related mutations.

Methods:
The gastric adenocarcinoma’s transcriptome, clinical data, and tumor mutation load
(TMB) data were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. The differentially expressed FAM
genes (FAM DEGs) between cancer and control samples were screened, and their correlation with
TMB and survival was analyzed. A PPI network of FAM DEGs was constructed, and a downscaling
clustering analysis was performed based on the expression of the FAM DEGs. Further immuno-
infiltration and GO/KEGG enrichment analyses of the identified FAM clusters were performed
to explore their heterogeneity in biological functions. The effects of FAM score and gastric cancer
(STAD) on TMB, MSI, survival prognosis, and drug sensitivity were jointly analyzed, and finally,
a single-gene analysis of the obtained core targets was performed.

Results:
Through differential analysis, 68 FAM DEGs were obtained, and they were highly associated
with STAD tumor mutation load. In addition, a high FAM DEGs CNV rate was observed.
The PPI network showed a complex mutual correlation between the FAM DEGs. Consensus clustering
classified the patients into three clusters based on the FAM DEGs, and the clusters presented
different survival rates. The GSVA and immune infiltration analysis revealed that metabolism,
apoptosis, and immune infiltration-related pathways were variated. In addition, FAM genes,
STAD prognostic risk genes, and PCA scores were closely associated with the survival status of
STAD patients. FAM score was closely correlated with STAD TMB, MSI, and immunotherapy,
and the TMB values in the low FAM score group were significantly higher than those in the high
FAM score group. Finally, combining the above results, it was found that the core gene PTGS1
performed best in predicting STAD survival prognosis and TMB/MSI/immunotherapy.

Conclusion:
Fatty acid metabolism genes affect the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and
can predict the survival prognosis, tumor mutational load characteristics, and drug therapy sensitivity
of STAD patients, which can help explore more effective immunotherapy targets for GC.
Drug-herb Synergistic Interactions between Clopidogrel and Natural
Medicine
Authors: Ma Shitang , Zhang Qin , Hou Jiafu , Liu Shijuan , Feng Chengtao 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Natural medicine (NM) has been used since ancient times for therapeutic
purposes worldwide. Presently, the combination of clopidogrel and NM with a reasonable synergistic
effect has gained increasing acceptance in clinical therapeutics.

Methods:
Here, we have performed a comprehensive retrieval of literature published in both English
and Chinese databases until August 1, 2022, studying the synergistic interactions of
clopidogrel and NM through pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analyses. We retrieved
7, 3, and 5 studies on PK analysis and 3, 3, and 8 studies on PD analysis for the interaction of
clopidogrel with single herbal medicines, bioactive compounds, and herbal prescriptions, respectively.
Most studies on NM have been found to mainly focus on preclinical observations, and there
have been fewer clinical PK analyses.

Results:
A potential drug-herb interaction has been observed to occur when clopidogrel and NM
were metabolized by an enzyme network comprising P-gp, CES1, and CYP450. In contrast, most
PD studies have focused on clinical observations, and few preclinical findings have been reported.
Some cases have suggested that the combination of the two types of drugs would alter the antiplatelet
efficacy and adverse effects. Studies on PK, however, have shown significant or slightly
varying results for the drug prototype and its metabolites.

Conclusion:
In the combination therapies, the interaction between clopidogrel and NM was found
to alter antiplatelet aggregation pathways and P2Y12 receptor function.
Investigation on Anti-diabetic Efficacy of a Cucurbitaceae Food Plant from
the North-East Region of India: Exploring the Molecular Mechanism
through Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Glycosylated Hemoglobin
(HbA1c)
Authors: Jana Sandipan , Gayen Srijon , Das Gupta Barun , Singha Seha , Mondal Jayashree , Kar Amit , Nepal Abhimanyu , Ghosh Suparna , Rajabalaya Rajan , David Sheba R. , Balaraman Ashok Kumar , Bala Asis , Mukherjee Pulok Kumar , Haldar Pallab Kanti 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The medicinal plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, such as Solena heterophylla Lour. fruits, have significant ethnobotanical value and are readily accessible in North East India.

Aim:
We conducted a study on Solena heterophylla Lour. fruits to evaluate their anti-diabetic activity in vivo, standardize their HPTLC, and profile their metabolites using LC-QTOF-MS. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanism behind their effects on oxidative stress and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Methods:
Firstly, the ethyl acetate fraction of Solena heterophylla Lour. fruits was standardized using Cu-curbitacin B as a standard marker by conducting HPTLC evaluation. Next, we delved into analyzing me-tabolite profiling. In addition, the standardized fraction was utilized in an experimental study to investigate the molecular mechanism of action in an in vivo high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic model.

Result:
We have reportedly identified 52 metabolites in the ethyl acetate fraction of Solena heterophylla (EASH). In the in vitro tests, it has been observed that this extract from plants possesses notable inhibitory properties against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Solena heterophylla fruits with high levels of Cucurbitacin B (2.29% w/w) helped lower FBG levels in animals with EASH treatment. EASH treatment reduced HbA1c levels and normalized liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels. SGOT, SGPT, and SALP serum enzyme levels also returned to normal.

Conclusion:
Based on the current evaluation, it was found that EASH exhibited encouraging hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats induced by a low dose of STZ and high-fat diet, which warrants further investigation.
A Deeply Quiescent Subset of CML LSC depend on FAO yet Avoid Deleterious
ROS by Suppressing Mitochondrial Complex I
Authors: Chimge Nyam-Osor , Chen Min-Hsuan , Nguyen Cu , Zhao Yuqi , Wu Xiwei , Gonzalez Paulina Garcia , Ogana Heather , Hurwitz Samantha , Teo Jia-Ling , Chen Xiaolong , Du Juan , Jin Victor , Kim Yong-Mi , Ono Masaya , Argüello Rafael J. , Kahn Michael 
Published: September 2023

Background and Objective:
Disease relapse and therapy resistance remain serious impediments to treating cancer. Leukemia stem cells (LSC) are therapy resistant and the cause of relapse. A state of deep quiescence appears to enable cancer stem cells (CSC) to acquire new somatic mutations essential for disease progression and therapy resistance. Both normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and LSC share many common features, thereby complicating the safe elimination of LSC. A recent study demonstrated that long lived normal oocytes exist without mitochondrial complex I (MC-1), expressing it in a developmentally regulated fashion, thereby mitigating their vulnerability to ROS. Quiescent CSC rely on mitochondrial FAO, without complex I expression, thereby avoiding the generation of damaging ROS, similar to long lived normal human stem cells. A deeper understanding of the biology of therapy resistance is important for the development of optimal strategies to attain complete leukemia cures.

Methods:
Here, using scRNA-sequencing and ATAC-seq on primary chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patient samples, combined with bioinformatics analyses, we further examine the heterogeneity of a previously characterized in vitro imatinib-selected CD34-CD38- CML LSC population. We utilized a series of functional analyses, including single-cell metabolomic and Seahorse analyses, to validate the existence of the deepest quiescent leukemia initiators (LI) subset.

Results:
Current study revealed heterogeneity of therapy resistant LSC in CML patients and their existence of two functionally distinct states. The most deeply quiescent LI suppress the expression of MC-1, yet are highly dependent on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for their metabolic requirements and ATAC-seq demonstrated increased chromatin accessibility in this population, all consistent with an extremely primitive, quiescent stemness transcriptional signature. Importantly, the specific CREB binding protein (CBP)/β-catenin antagonist ICG-001 initiates the differentiation of LSC, including LI, decreases chromatin accessibility with differentiation and increasing expression of MC-1, CD34, CD38 and BCR-ABL1, thereby re-sensitizing them to imatinib.

Conclusion:
We investigated the biological aspects related to LSC heterogeneity in CML patients and demonstrated the ability of specific small molecule CBP/β-catenin antagonists to safely eliminate deeply quiescent therapy resistant CSC. These observations may represent an attractive generalizable therapeutic strategy that could help develop better protocols to eradicate the quiescent LSC population.
Nanobiosensors: Concepts and Emerging Clinical Applications
Authors: Desai Sagar , Naveen Raghavendra , Goudanavar Prakash S , Gowthami Buduru 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Biosensors have been one of the most fascinating topics for scientists for a long time. This is because biological moieties are multifaceted and are unswervingly related to the presence of a healthy atmosphere. The biosensor approach has also endured profound changes in recent years. Biosensors have been emphasized for various applications, including food quality estimation, surveillance systems, and health and metabolic abnormality diagnostics. The advances in nanotechnology have led to a considerable potential to enhance biosensors' sensitivity, robustness, and anti-interference capabilities. Several new nanomaterials (such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires) have been fabricated due to the evolution of nanotechnology, and their unique features are gradually being identified, allowing for much faster detection and reproducibility. Biosensor performance has also been enhanced substantially as a result of their use. Because of their capacity to detect a wide range of compounds at deficient concentrations, nanobiosensors have sparked much interest. This article discusses biosensors based on various nanomaterials, their evolution, accompanying features, and their applications in multiple fields.
A Review on Pharmacological Potential of Medicago sativa Linn
Authors: Rani Rashmi , Nain Sumitra , Paliwal Sarvesh 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Medicago sativa Linn. in Hindi, is called lasunghas, and in English, it is called alfalfa. It is a well-known crop of the Fabaceae family. We can eat its sprouts as a salad vegetable. This plant has a wide range of uses as a feed crop and is tolerant to climate change.

Objective:
In this review, the authors discussed the active chemical constituents and pharmacological uses of Medicago sativa Linn. in various diseases.

Methods:
This review article gathered all the information after going through the research papers from different databases like Taylor & Francis, ResearchGate, Elsevier, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and PMC.

Results:
Alfalfa has been shown to be an important origin of phytochemicals like amino acids, coumarins, alkaloids, carotenes, flavonoids, organic acids, digestive enzymes, phytosterols, saponins, phytoestrogens, phenolic compounds, polyamines, and a few other volatile organic compounds like ketones, terpenes, alcohols and furanoids. This plant is useful in CNS, anxiety, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, burn wounds, vitiligo, reproductive system, myocardial infraction, bacteria, xanthine oxidase and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion:
This review may be helpful in knowing of Medicago sativa Linn. with greater therapeutic potential for treatment of various diseases.
Antihyperglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Dolichos lablab Linn in STZ induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice
Authors: Kishan Hari , Choudhary Manjusha , Sharma Sachin , Bamrah Prabhjeet Kaur , Choudhary Nitesh 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Traditional herbs have been used in the human healthcare system as medicines, foods, or spices from ancient times. Dolichos lablab is an Indian medicinal herb with a good source of nutrition, and has insulin-like proteins, thus can be employed in the cure of diabetes.

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the lipids and blood glucose lowering effect of Dolichos lablab hydroalcoholic extract by using STZ-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in-vivo model.

Methods:
Animals were divided into five groups including vehicle control, diabetic control, extract treated (200 & 400 mg/kg), and standard group. All the treatment was continued for 14 days after the confirmation of diabetes. Food consumption, water intake, serum glucose, insulin, kidney function test, liver, and serum lipid profile were assessed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the plant.

Results:
Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, protein, amino acids, and terpenoids. Extract treatment significantly diminished HbA1c, and blood glucose levels. In addition, an ameliorative effect on serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein was observed at 400 mg/kg/day dose. Moreover, blood urea nitrogen and hepatic SGPT were also reduced significantly with extract treatment.

Conclusion:
Therefore, the present study depicted that Dolichos lablab is a useful herb in diabetes management and possesses hypolipidemic potential.