bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can tourism curb income inequality? Tourism Agenda 2030
Authors: Seetanah Boopen , Gopy-Ramdhany Narvada , Bhattu-Babajee Reena 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the relationship between tourism development and income inequality, closely linked to the Sustainable Development Goals, for the case of a large sample of 83 countries (and subsamples) over the period 1990–2019.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses rigorous dynamic panel data analysis, namely, a Panel Vector Autoregressive Error Correction model, which takes into account both dynamic and endogenous relationships in the tourism-inequality nexus.

Findings
The results provide strong support that tourism development has an income inequality reducing effect (albeit relatively small with a reported elasticity of 0.05). Subsamples analysis reveals that the impact of tourism on income inequality varies and is relatively larger in developing economies and those tourist-dependent economies, as compared to developed economies. In fact, it is reported that a 1% increase in tourism development reduces income inequality by 0.46% for developing and 0.56% for tourist-dependent economies as compared to only 0.02% in developed economies. It is further observed that tourism may affect income inequality indirectly via economic growth.

Originality/value
This paper attempts to supplement the dearth literature on the tourism-inequality nexus by analyzing subsamples from a large data set while also using a dynamic panel data framework. The potential indirect effect of tourism on inequality via the economic growth channel is also explored.
Application of deconvolution interferometry to receiver ghost reflection in vertical cable seismic survey
Authors: Wang Linfei , Wang Zhong , Liu Huaishan , Zhang Jin , Jia Quanchen , Mei Duowei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMarine vertical cable seismic is to probe targets near the submarine with use vertical hydrophone array suspending in deep sea water. Despite imaging of primary reflections from vertical cable seismic data can provide seismic profiles with high resolution, its submarine illumination is much narrower than that of conventional towed‐streamer seismic owing to the irregular geometry. In view of the fact that imaging of multiples can provides better subsurface illumination with fine resolution, we present a strategy for imaging of receiver ghost reflections from vertical cable seismic data, based on seismic interferometry by deconvolution. This method can convert first‐order receiver ghosts into virtual primaries from the towed‐streamer data without velocity model and source‐receiver position. We illustrate the deconvolution interferometry for the receiver ghost reflections with the real vertical cable seismic data in Shenhu area, South China Sea and further obtain virtual primary reflections. Finally, we use these virtual primaries to successfully construct a stacked image and obtain a post‐stack migration image with conventional seismic data process method. This stacked and migrated image significantly extends the submarine illumination with higher resolution and it is useful in characteristics recognition of hydrate‐bearing sediments and free gas.
On the use of antibiotics in plasticity research: Gastropod shells unveil a tale of caution
Authors: Meuthen Denis , Reinhold Klaus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Through phenotypic plasticity, individual genotypes can produce multiple phenotypes dependent on the environment. In the modern world, anthropogenic influences such as man‐made pharmaceuticals are increasingly prevalent. They might alter observable patterns of plasticity and distort our conclusions regarding the adaptive potential of natural populations.

Antibiotics are nowadays nearly ubiquitous in aquatic environments and prophylactic antibiotic use is also becoming more common to optimize animal survival and reproductive output in artificial settings. In the well‐studied plasticity model system Physella acuta, prophylactic erythromycin treatment acts against gram‐positive bacteria and thereby reduces mortality.

Here, we study its consequences for inducible defence formation in the same species. In a 2 × 2 split‐clutch design, we reared 635 P. acuta in either the presence or absence of this antibiotic, followed by 28‐day exposure to either high or low predation risk as perceived through conspecific alarm cues.

Under antibiotic treatment, risk‐induced increases in shell thickness, a well‐known plastic response in this model system, were larger and consistently detectable. Antibiotic treatment reduced shell thickness in low‐risk individuals, suggesting that in controls, undiscovered pathogen infection increased shell thickness under low risk. Family variation in risk‐induced plasticity was low, but the large variation in responses to antibiotics among families suggests different pathogen susceptibility between genotypes. Lastly, individuals that developed thicker shells had reduced total mass, which highlights resource trade‐offs.

Antibiotics thus have the potential to uncover a larger extent of plasticity, but might counterintuitively distort plasticity estimates for natural populations where pathogens are a part of natural ecology.
Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) decrease nymphal infection prevalence for tick‐borne pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a coastal dune ecosystem
Authors: Köhler Clara Florentine , Sprong Hein , Fonville Manoj , Esser Helen , de Boer Willem Frederik , van der Spek Vincent , Spitzen‐van der Sluijs Annemarieke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Understanding which factors determine tick‐borne disease hazard can contribute to effective disease control. In Europe, the hazard of the pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum is determined by local tick densities (mainly Ixodes ricinus) and the reservoir competence of the host species community. Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) are common hosts for larvae and nymphs of I. ricinus and non‐competent reservoirs for both pathogens. Consequently, high relative abundance of L. agilis is hypothesized to be associated with lower infection prevalence in nymphs. Here, we aimed to test whether this effectively occurs in natural settings.

We sampled different habitat types within a heterogenous dune landscape at the Dutch coast and estimated (1) L. agilis densities, (2) host community competence, (3) the density and infection prevalence of questing I. ricinus ticks and (4) the number and infection prevalence of ticks feeding on L. agilis.

Captured L. agilis had high tick burdens and contributed substantially to feeding I. ricinus larvae in their natural habitat. B. burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum were virtually absent from feeding larvae and nymphs.

The nymphal infection prevalence of both pathogens in questing ticks was lower in habitat types where L. agilis was more abundant. Hence, L. agilis strongly reduced community competence.

The density of questing nymphs was higher in habitat types with denser vegetation and also varied more between habitat types than infection prevalence. As a result, nymphal density had a stronger effect on the density of infected ticks than did nymphal infection prevalence.

Synthesis and applications. Coastal dune habitats favourable for L. agilis have lower densities of questing nymphs and a lower human infection hazard. These results might be applicable to similar ecosystems where L. agilis is present. From a public health perspective, this underlines the importance of preserving early successional habitat, as encroaching shrubs are associated with higher tick‐borne disease hazard, and vegetation removal might be a solution to reduce hazard in coastal dunes. The high degree of spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of tick‐borne pathogens also poses opportunities to manage recreational activities to limit human exposure to tick‐borne diseases.
Clinical and genomic features of non‐small cell lung cancer occurring in families
Authors: Miyabe Shingo , Ito Shin , Sato Ikuro , Abe Jiro , Tamai Keiichi , Mochizuki Mai , Fujimori Haruna , Yamaguchi Kazunori , Shindo Norihisa , Shima Hiroshi , Yamazaki Tomoko , Abue Makoto , Okada Yoshinori , Yasuda Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundExposure to environmental carcinogens, such as through smoking, is a major factor in the carcinogenesis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, genetic factors may also contribute.MethodsTo identify candidate tumor suppressor genes for NSCLC, we included 23 patients (10 related pairs and 3 individuals) with NSCLC who had other NSCLC‐affected first‐degree relatives in a local hospital. Exome analyses for both germline and somatic (NSCLC specimens) DNA were performed for 17 cases. Germline exome data of these 17 cases revealed that most of the short variants were identical to the variants in 14KJPN (a Japanese reference genome panel of more than 14 000 individuals) and only a nonsynonymous variant in the DHODH gene, p.A347T, was shared between a pair of NSCLC patients in the same family. This variant is a known pathogenic variant of the gene for Miller syndrome.ResultsSomatic genetic alterations in the exome data of our samples showed frequent mutations in the EGFR and TP53 genes. Principal component analysis of the patterns of 96 types of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) suggested the existence of unique mechanisms inducing somatic SNVs in each family. Delineation of mutational signatures of the somatic SNVs with deconstructSigs for the pair of germline pathogenic DHODH variant‐positive cases showed that the mutational signatures of these cases included SBS3 (homologous recombination repair defect), SBS6, 15 (DNA mismatch repair), and SBS7 (ultraviolet exposure), suggesting that disordered pyrimidine production causes increased errors in DNA repair systems in these cases.ConclusionOur results suggest the importance of the detailed collection of data on environmental exposure along with genetic information on NSCLC patients to identify the unique combinations that cause lung tumorigenesis in a particular family.
Survival by time‐to‐administration of amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in shock‐refractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Lupton Joshua R. , Neth Matthew R. , Sahni Ritu , Jui Jonathan , Wittwer Lynn , Newgard Craig D. , Daya Mohamud R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmiodarone and lidocaine have not been shown to have a clear survival benefit compared to placebo for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, randomized trials may have been impacted by delayed administration of the study drugs. We sought to evaluate how timing from emergency medical services (EMS) arrival on scene to drug administration affects the efficacy of amiodarone and lidocaine compared to placebo.MethodThis is a secondary analysis of the 10‐site, 55‐EMS‐agency double‐blind randomized controlled amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in OHCA study. We included patients with initial shockable rhythms who received the study drugs of amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo before achieving return of spontaneous circulation. We performed logistic regression analyses evaluating survival to hospital discharge and secondary outcomes of survival to admission and functional survival (modified Rankin scale score ≤ 3). We evaluated the samples stratified by early (<8 min) and late administration groups (≥8 min). We compared outcomes for amiodarone and lidocaine compared to placebo and adjust for potential confounders.ResultsThere were 2802 patients meeting inclusion criteria, with 879 (31.4%) in the early (<8 min) and 1923 (68.6%) in the late (≥8 min) groups. In the early group, patients receiving amiodarone, compared to placebo, had significantly higher survival to admission (62.0% vs. 48.5%, p = 0.001; adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.76 [1.24–2.50]), survival to discharge (37.1% vs. 28.0%, p = 0.021; 1.56 [1.07–2.29]), and functional survival (31.6% vs. 23.3%, p = 0.029; 1.55 [1.04–2.32]). There were no significant differences with early lidocaine compared to early placebo (p > 0.05). Patients in the late group who received amiodarone or lidocaine had no significant differences in outcomes at discharge compared to placebo (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe early administration of amiodarone, particularly within 8 min, is associated with greater survival to admission, survival to discharge, and functional survival compared to placebo in patients with an initial shockable rhythm.
Sport and Queensland Aboriginal reserves in the 1920s and 1930s: Ideology, revenue, and exploitation
Authors: Osmond Gary , Frost Lionel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRugby league flourished in the Aboriginal settlements run by the Queensland government in the 1920s and 1930s, as officials relaxed policies of segregation and isolation to allow Aboriginal teams to travel within the state. Revenue from the games, at times significant sums, went to government trust accounts and not directly to the settlements. Available data on this sporting income and government spending policies reveals an exploitative system, ethically comparable to Stolen Wages and reflecting the dispossession of Aboriginal Queenslanders in this era. While sport bolstered community pride, these exploitative dimensions qualify its contribution to Aboriginal wellbeing.
Impact of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy followed by cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for appendiceal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Flood Michael P. , Roberts Georgia , Mitchell Catherine , Ramsay Robert , Michael Michael , Heriot Alexander G. , Kong Joseph C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimPeritoneal dissemination of infiltrative appendiceal tumors is a rare and poorly understood phenomenon. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a well‐recognized treatment option for selected patients. Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NAC) has been shown to be associated with improved overall survival (OS) in colorectal peritoneal metastases but little is known of the impact of this from an appendiceal adenocarcinoma perspective.MethodA prospective database of 294 patients with advanced appendiceal primary tumors undergoing CRS ± HIPEC between June 2009 and December 2020 was reviewed. Baseline characteristics and long‐term outcomes were compared between patients with adenocarcinoma who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or upfront surgery.ResultsEighty‐six (29%) patients were histologically diagnosed with an appendiceal cancer. These included intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma (11.6%), mucinous adenocarcinoma (43%), and goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA) or signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (SRCA) (45.4%). Twenty‐five (29%) of these underwent NAC, of which eight (32%) exhibited some degree of radiological response. There was no statistical difference in OS at 3 years between the NAC and upfront surgery groups (47.3% vs. 75.8%, p = 0.372). Appendiceal histology subtypes, particularly GCA and SRCA (p = 0.039) and peritoneal carcinomatosis index >10 (p = 0.009), were factors independently associated with worse OS.ConclusionAdministration of NAC did not appear to prolong OS in the operative management of disseminated appendiceal adenocarcinomas. GCA and SRCA subtypes display a more aggressive biological phenotype.
Development and integration of LensHooke® R10 for automatic and standardized diagnosis for sperm DNA fragmentation
Authors: Hsu Cheng‐Teng , Lee Chun‐I. , Huang Chun‐Chia , Wang Tse‐En , Chang Hui‐Chen , Chang Li‐Sheng , Lee Maw‐Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe sperm chromatin dispersion assay is commonly used to assess sperm DNA integrity. This approach is time‐consuming, demonstrates poor chromatin preservation, and provides an ambiguous and unstandardized evaluation of fragmented chromatin.ObjectivesWe aimed to (i) develop an optimized sperm chromatin dispersion assay with reduced operation time, (ii) validate R10 test accuracy by comparing it to a conventional sperm chromatin dispersion assay, and (iii) standardize the sperm DNA fragmentation analysis procedure by integrating artificial intelligence optical microscopic technology.Materials and methodsThis cross‐section study included 620 semen samples. Aliquots were analyzed by a conventional Halosperm® G2 assay (G2) and LensHooke® R10 assay (R10). The DNA fragmentation index was scored manually, and R10 slides were automatically determined by a LensHooke® X12 PRO semen analysis system (X12).ResultsWe demonstrated significant improvements in total assay time (40 vs. 72 min, p < 0.001) and in the halo‐cytological resolution using R10 compared to G2. Comparing the G2 and R10, DNA fragmentation index results demonstrated good agreement between the two methods (Spearman's rank correlation, rho = 0.8517, p < 0.0001). We introduced the integration of an auto‐calculation system to diagnose sperm DNA fragmentation. X12 interpretation showed excellent agreement with manual interpretation (Spearman's rank correlation, rho = 0.9323, p < 0.0001), but had a low coefficient of variation compared to manual interpretation (4% for R10 by X12 vs. 19% for R10 by manual scoring vs. 25% for G2 by manual scoring). DNA fragmentation index was more correlated with total motility (coefficients = −0.3607, p < 0.0001) than sperm morphology and was positively associated with asthenozoospermic semen samples (p = 0.0001).ConclusionThe R10 sperm chromatin dispersion assay combined with the X12 semen analysis system is faster, more objective, and provides standardization for sperm DNA fragmentation.
Kidney function impairment in men with primary infertility: A case–control analysis
Authors: Fallara Giuseppe , Capogrosso Paolo , Pozzi Edoardo , Belladelli Federico , Cilio Simone , Corsini Christian , Candela Luigi , Raffo Massimiliano , Boeri Luca , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Pontillo Marina , Cotellessa Alice , d'Arma Alessia , Alfano Massimo , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundInfertile men have a worse overall health status than their fertile counterparts.ObjectiveWe aimed to (1) compare kidney function in men presenting for primary couple's infertility with that of fertile men and (2) assess kidney function impairment toward sperm quality in infertile men.Materials and methodsIn this case–control study, 387 consecutive white‐European infertile men were matched by age with 134 same‐ethnicity fertile men. Complete clinical and laboratory data were available for each patient. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration function was used for estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation. Kidney functional impairment was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min per 1.73 m2, according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to (1) assess the association between kidney function impairment and infertility status and (2) investigate the association between kidney function and semen analysis abnormalities in infertile men.ResultsAfter matching, 34 (8.8%) infertile men depicted at least a mild unknown impairment of kidney function compared to only four (3%) fertile men, with four (3%) of the infertile presenting with an overt kidney function impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). There were no differences in terms of age, body mass index and rate of comorbidities between the two groups (all p > 0.05). After adjusting for major confounders, infertility status was associated with a higher risk of reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (odds ratio 3.20; 95% confidence interval 1.21–5.2; p = 0.002). Conversely, estimated glomerular filtration rate was not associated with sperm abnormalities in infertile men.ConclusionsMild kidney function impairment was found in 9% of asymptomatic and unaware men presenting for primary couple's infertility investigation. This novel finding corroborates growing data on a significant association of male infertility with a poorer overall male health status and the need for tailored preventive strategies.
Impact of socioeconomic status and road distance to hospital on perforated appendicitis rates at a large rural referral centre
Authors: Huynh Roy , Tree Kevin , Builth‐Snoad Lily , Smith Matthew , Fisher Dean 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic status and distance from hospital have been shown to be associated with poor surgical outcomes related to acute appendicitis. Indigenous populations experience greater socioeconomic disadvantages and poorer healthcare access than their non‐Indigenous counterparts. This study aims to determine whether socioeconomic status and road distance from hospital are predictors of perforated appendicitis. It will also compare surgical outcomes of appendicitis between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous populations.MethodsWe performed a 5‐year retrospective study of all patients who underwent appendicectomy for acute appendicitis at a large rural referral centre. Patients were identified using the hospital database for theatre events coded as appendicectomy. Regression modelling was used to determine if socioeconomic status and road distance from hospital were associated with perforated appendicitis. The outcomes of appendicitis between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous populations were compared.ResultsSeven hundred and twenty‐two patients were included in this study. The rate of perforated appendicitis was not significantly impacted by socioeconomic status (OR 0.993, 95% CI 0.98–1.006, P = 0.316) or road distance from hospital (OR = 0.911, 95% CI 0.999–1.001, P = 0.911). Indigenous patients did not have a significantly higher rate of perforation compared to non‐Indigenous patients (P = 0.849) despite having overall lower socioeconomic status (P = 0.005) and longer road distance from hospital (P = 0.025).ConclusionLower socioeconomic status and longer road distance from hospital were not associated with an increased risk of perforated appendicitis. Indigenous populations have poorer socioeconomic status and longer road distance to hospital but did not have higher rates of perforated appendicitis.
Determining the optimal radiologic wrist and forearm position to visualize screw protrusion in scaphoid fixation
Authors: Yong Melodi , Liu Edward , Tee Richard , Zhang Xin , Tham Stephen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical fixation of scaphoid fractures may result in unrecognized screw protrusion and subsequent cartilage damage to the adjacent joints. The purpose of this study was to use a three‐dimensional (3D) scaphoid model to determine the wrist and forearm positioning that will allow intra‐operative fluoroscopic visualization of screw protrusions.MethodsTwo 3D scaphoid models, with the wrist in neutral and 20° ulnar deviated, were reconstructed from a cadaveric wrist using the Mimics software. The scaphoid models were divided into three segments and further divided into four quadrants in each of the three segments along the scaphoid axes. Two virtual screws, with a 2 and 1 mm groove from the distal border, were placed so that the screws protrude from each quadrant. The wrist models were rotated along the long axis of the forearm and the angles at which the screw protrusions were visualized were recorded.ResultsOne‐millimetre screw protrusions were visualized at a narrower range of forearm rotation angles compared to 2 mm screw protrusions. One‐millimetre screw protrusions in the middle dorsal ulnar quadrant could not be detected. Visualization of the screw protrusion in each quadrant varied with forearm and wrist positioning.ConclusionIn this model, all screw protrusions, except 1 mm protrusions in the middle dorsal ulnar quadrant, were visualized with the forearm in pronation, supination or in the mid‐pronation position and with the wrist in neutral or 20° ulnar deviated.