bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CXCR4 and CXCL12 signaling regulates the development of extrinsic innervation to the colorectum
Authors: Halasy Viktória , Szőcs Emőke , Soós Ádám , Kovács Tamás , Pecsenye-Fejszák Nóra , Hotta Ryo , Goldstein Allan M. , Nagy Nándor 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The gastrointestinal tract is innervated by an intrinsic neuronal network, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), and by extrinsic axons arising from peripheral ganglia. The nerve of Remak (NoR) is an avian-specific sacral neural crest-derived ganglionated structure that extends from the cloaca to the proximal midgut and, similar to the pelvic plexus, provides extrinsic innervation to the distal intestine. The molecular mechanisms controlling extrinsic nerve fiber growth into the gut is unknown. In vertebrates, CXCR4, a cell-surface receptor for the CXCL12 chemokine, regulates migration of neural crest cells and axon pathfinding. We have employed chimeric tissue recombinations and organ culture assays to study the role of CXCR4 and CXCL12 molecules in the development of colorectal innervation. CXCR4 is specifically expressed in nerve fibers arising from the NoR and pelvic plexus, while CXCL12 is localized to the hindgut mesenchyme and enteric ganglia. Overexpression of CXCL12 results in significantly enhanced axonal projections to the gut from the NoR, while CXCR4 inhibition disrupts nerve fiber extension, supporting a previously unreported role for CXCR4 and CXCL12 signaling in extrinsic innervation of the colorectum.
Genetically encoded imaging tools for investigating cell dynamics at a glance
Authors: Sittewelle Méghane , Ferrandiz Nuria , Fesenko Mary , Royle Stephen J. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The biology of a cell is the sum of many highly dynamic processes, each orchestrated by a plethora of proteins and other molecules. Microscopy is an invaluable approach to spatially and temporally dissect the molecular details of these processes. Hundreds of genetically encoded imaging tools have been developed that allow cell scientists to determine the function of a protein of interest in the context of these dynamic processes. Broadly, these tools fall into three strategies: observation, inhibition and activation. Using examples for each strategy, in this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we provide a guide to using these tools to dissect protein function in a given cellular process. Our focus here is on tools that allow rapid modification of proteins of interest and how observing the resulting changes in cell states is key to unlocking dynamic cell processes. The aim is to inspire the reader's next set of imaging experiments.
Nectar feeding beyond the tongue: hummingbirds drink using phase-shifted bill opening, flexible tongue flaps and wringing at the tips
Authors: Rico-Guevara Alejandro , Hurme Kristiina J. , Rubega Margaret A. , Cuban David 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Hummingbirds are the most speciose group of vertebrate nectarivores and exhibit striking bill variation in association with their floral food sources. To explicitly link comparative feeding biomechanics to hummingbird ecology, deciphering how they move nectar from the tongue to the throat is as important as understanding how this liquid is collected. We employed synced, orthogonally positioned, high-speed cameras to describe the bill movements, and backlight filming to track tongue and nectar displacements intraorally. We reveal that the tongue base plays a central role in fluid handling, and that the bill is neither just a passive vehicle taking the tongue inside the flower nor a static tube for the nectar to flow into the throat. Instead, we show that the bill is actually a dynamic device with an unexpected pattern of opening and closing of its tip and base. We describe three complementary mechanisms: (1) distal wringing: the tongue is wrung out as soon as it is retracted and upon protrusion, near the bill tip where the intraoral capacity is decreased when the bill tips are closed; (2) tongue raking: the nectar filling the intraoral cavity is moved mouthwards by the tongue base, leveraging flexible flaps, upon retraction; (3) basal expansion: as more nectar is released into the oral cavity, the bill base is open (phase-shifted from the tip opening), increasing the intraoral capacity to facilitate nectar flow towards the throat.
Embodied latch mechanism of the mandible to power at ultra-high speed in the trap-jaw ant Odontomachus kuroiwae
Authors: Aonuma Hitoshi , Naniwa Keisuke , Sugimoto Yasuhiro , Ohkawara Kyohsuke , Kagaya Katsushi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Rapid movements of limbs and appendages, faster than those produced by simple muscle contraction alone, are generated through mechanical networks consisting of springs and latches. The latch plays a central role in these spring-loaded mechanisms, but the structural details of the latch are not always known. The mandibles of the trap-jaw ant Odontomachus kuroiwae closes the mandible extremely quickly to capture prey or to perform mandible-powered defensive jumps to avoid potential threats. The jump is mediated by a mechanical spring and latch system embodied in the mandible. An ant can strike the tip of the mandible onto the surface of an obstacle (prey, predator or ground) in order to bounce its body away from potential threats. The angular velocity of the closing mandible was 2.3×104 rad s−1 (1.3×106 deg s−1). Latching of the joint is a key mechanism to aid the storage of energy required to power the ballistic movements of the mandibles. We have identified the fine structure of two latch systems on the mandible forming a ‘ball joint’ using an X-ray micro-computational tomography system (X-ray micro-CT) and X-ray live imaging with a synchrotron. Here, we describe the surface of the inner section of the socket and a projection on the lip of the ball. The X-ray live imaging and movements of the 3D model show that the ball with a detent ridge slipped into a socket and over the socket ridge before snapping back at the groove edge. Our results give insight into the complex spring-latch systems that underpin ultra-fast movements in biological systems.
Analysis of psychological problems arising during the period of combat service among the crews of US SSN and SSBN
Authors: Kovalevskii Igor 
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the influence of such factors as the rate of operational stress and the environment on the appearance of pathological (clinical) anxiety and depression in the personnel of foreign submarines.
It is known that the habitat on underwater objects of any purpose contributes to stress and other psychological problems. Habitat conditions can be described in terms of physical habitability terms that contribute to stress. These include: crowding, noise, insufficient or excessive lighting, extreme temperatures, humidity, poor air quality. These parameters cannot be controlled. In addition, another condition for life will be the coefficient of operational voltage. This indicator determines how often you can dive underwater without harm to health. With an increase in the frequency and duration of trips, stress and other psychological problems increase in a person. People can't solve complex problems. They need to return to a normal psychological and physiological state.
The paper analyzes the possible psychological consequences for the crews of US SSN and SSBN. The psychological problems that arise during the period of military service among the crews of SSN and SSBN of the United States are considered. What may be of interest to specialists in the field of ergonomics involved in the design and creation of domestic submarines of various classes. As well as representatives of the Navy responsible for training crews for existing and under construction submarines. In connection with the above, the article is relevant.
Hybrid training model as a component of the integrative approach for the formation of universal competencies of cadets of a military university in learning a foreign language
Authors: Erofeeva Mariya , Frideriks Aleksandr 
Published: April 2023

the article raised the question of the emergence of diverse views on the concepts of "hybrid," "hybridization," "hybrid learning" and the processes they call in higher education, as well as the directions of application of these one-root words that arose in connection with this multitude, the need to figure out what is and whether such names are legitimate for transformational processes in modern pedagogy. In addition, emphasis was placed on the merits and disadvantages of each process and what contradictions arise in connection with the use of hybrid forms in higher educational institutions.
The study presents the author's hybrid model of interaction, with the help of which universal competencies are formed among cadets of the Branch of the Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces (FVA Strategic Missile Forces) named after Peter the Great when studying a foreign language. A description is given of each component of the hybrid model of interaction, as well as the peculiarities of its application depending on specific situations, external factors, training of cadets at the initial stage of training, assessment of their capabilities and time frames of training. The hybrid model is considered in the view of the integrative approach in the educational process of a military university, the definition of the integrative approach is given and the relation of the hybrid model to this approach is specified.
The subject of research is the concept of hybridization in the field of higher education.
The purpose of this study is to create an idea of new terms and describe various views, meanings, scientific approaches, the evolution of the concepts of "hybrid," "hybridization," "hybrid learning," "hybrid model" which are associated with education, ways of transferring new knowledge and their connection with the main tool - language as a means of communication and knowledge exchange. Theoretical research is carried out in the field of higher education, the purpose of the research is also to reflect its point of view regarding the above names, which have recently been of particular relevance in the educational environment, especially if the educational process takes place in a military institution for the training of future officers, in particular, the study of the foreign (English) language of specialized areas in a non-linguistic university of the Peter the Great Strategic Missile Forces will be considered.
Finally, a summary table of all the described concepts of hybridization is presented and a conclusion is made about the nature of the emergence of hybridization in education and its relevance to date.
Spinal dural arterio-venous fistula: a vital differential diagnosis to consider for myelopathy
Authors: Choi Chuen Wai , Suen Chun Hong , Chu Ping Yung 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Spinal dural arterio-venous fistula (SDAVF) is a rare and underdiagnosed cause of myelopathy which can result in a devastating neurological outcome if not properly managed. Case description: We report a case of SDAVF in a middle-aged man with gradual progressively deteriorating myelopathy and associated symptoms. This was first managed as demyelinating disease but was refractory to steroid therapy. Vigilant review of his spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed dilated perimedullary veins, suspicious for SDAVF. The diagnosis was confirmed with catheter angiography. Neurological symptoms resolved after surgical treatment. Discussion: SDAVF can closely mimic demyelinating conditions such as transverse myelitis or multiple sclerosis. MRI finding of dilated perimedullary veins can be subtle and masked in the late stage, posing a diagnostic challenge for physicians. It is potentially curable after timely treatment. Conclusion: Clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion for SDAVF and actively review all available radiological imaging for clues, particularly when there is a lack of response to treatment for other causes of myelopathy.
Experiences of progestin‐only pill users in the United States and attitudes toward over‐the‐counter access
Authors: Zuniga Carmela , Forsberg Hannah , Grindlay Kate 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContextRemoving the prescription requirement and making oral contraceptive pills available over the counter (OTC) could increase contraceptive access in the United States. Despite current efforts to make a progestin‐only pill (POP) available OTC, there are no qualitative data exploring the experiences of POP users and their perspectives on making POPs available OTC.MethodsWe conducted six online, asynchronous focus group discussions with 36 POP users between July and November 2020. We stratified focus group discussion placement based on three reasons for POP use: breastfeeding, having a contraindication to estrogen (for a reason other than breastfeeding), and for any other reason. We thematically analyzed these data using inductive and deductive coding.ResultsThe majority of participants described their overall POP experience as positive, mostly because they experienced minor or no side effects and thought the pill was effective. Participants overwhelmingly supported OTC availability of POPs and expressed interest in purchasing an OTC POP. Over one‐third of participants had very limited knowledge or held inaccurate assumptions about POPs before they started using this method and many stressed the need to disseminate accurate information and resources about POPs to the public.ConclusionsMost focus group discussion participants were satisfied with POPs and supported OTC access. While misconceptions and concerns about POPs should be addressed, an OTC POP has the potential to be a safe, effective, and convenient contraceptive option in the United States.
Characteristics of abortion patients in protected and restricted states accessing clinic‐based care 12 months prior to the elimination of the federal constitutional right to abortion in the United States
Authors: Jones Rachel K. , Chiu Doris W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a result of the June 2022 decision of the United States (US) Supreme Court, as many as 24 states have, or are expected to, ban or severely restrict abortion. We provide baseline information about abortion patients living in different state environments prior to this decision.MethodsWe obtained surveys from 6674 women, transgender men, and other pregnancy capable individuals accessing abortion care at 56 facilities across the US between June 2021 and July 2022. The final analytic sample uses information from 5930 abortion patients to compare the demographic and situational profiles of those living in the 24 states likely to ban abortion (restricted) to those living in states where it is likely to remain legal (protected).ResultsCompared to respondents who lived in protected states, abortion patients in restricted states were more likely to be Black (39% vs. 30%) or white (35% vs. 28%) and less likely to be Latinx (18% vs. 32%). Respondents in restricted states were more likely to be paying out‐of‐pocket for care (87% vs. 42%), be relying on financial assistance (22% vs. 11%), and indicate that it was difficult to pay for the abortion (54% vs. 28%). Twelve percent of respondents who lived in a restricted state crossed state lines for care and the majority (59%) was going to another restricted state.DiscussionPrior to June 2022, abortion patients in restricted states encountered more situational and financial barriers compared to those in protected states. These barriers have undoubtedly been exacerbated by abortion bans.
Testosterone treatment combined with exercise to improve muscle strength, physical function and quality of life in men affected by inclusion body myositis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Connor Sophia G. , Fairchild Timothy J. , Learmonth Yvonne C. , Beer Kelly , Cooper Ian , Boardman Glenn , Teo Shaun Y. M. , Shatahmasseb Behnaz , Zhang Rui , Hiscock Krystyne , Coudert Jerome D. , Yeap Bu B. , Needham Merrilee 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most commonly acquired skeletal muscle disease of older adults involving both autoimmune attack and muscle degeneration. As exercise training can improve outcomes in IBM, this study assessed whether a combination of testosterone supplementation and exercise training would improve muscle strength, physical function and quality of life in men affected by IBM, more than exercise alone.

Methods
This pilot study was a single site randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Testosterone (exercise and testosterone cream) and placebo (exercise and placebo cream) were each delivered for 12 weeks, with a two-week wash-out between the two periods. The primary outcome measure was improvement in quadriceps isokinetic muscle strength. Secondary outcomes included assessment of isokinetic peak flexion force, walk capacity and patient reported outcomes, and other tests, comparing results between the placebo and testosterone arms. A 12-month Open Label Extension (OLE) was offered using the same outcome measures collected at 6 and 12-months.

Results
14 men completed the trial. There were no significant improvements in quadriceps extension strength or lean body mass, nor any of the secondary outcomes. Improvement in the RAND Short Form 36 patient reported outcome questionnaire ‘emotional wellbeing’ sub-category was reported during the testosterone arm compared to the placebo arm (mean difference [95% CI]: 6.0 points, [95% CI 1.7,10.3]). The OLE demonstrated relative disease stability over the 12-month period but with a higher number of testosterone-related adverse events.

Conclusions
Adding testosterone supplementation to exercise training did not significantly improve muscle strength or physical function over a 12-week intervention period, compared to exercise alone. However, the combination improved emotional well-being over this period, and relative stabilisation of disease was found during the 12-month OLE. A longer duration trial involving a larger group of participants is warranted.
The five influencing factors of tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Lidong , Li Xiuhong 
Published: April 2023

Background
The factors influencing tourist loyalty are widely highlighted in the literature. However, we find that the relationship between some influencing factors and loyalty is still inconsistent, and we don’t yet know the strength and magnitude of the relationships. To address this issue, this study examined a meta-analysis of the five factors (satisfaction, motivation, perceived value, perceived quality, and experience quality) influencing tourist loyalty and its sub-dimensions.

Methods
The samples included articles from major academic databases, including Web of Science, Wiley Online, EBSCO, SAGE, Taylor and Francis, and Elsevier. Studies written in Chinese were retrieved from CNKI.com. We used the following keywords for retrieval: loyalty, behavioral intention, recommendation intention, word-of-mouth, revisit intentions, intention to revisit, willingness to recommend, and similar related terms. Conceptual and empirical studies published between January 1989 and September 2021 were extracted. To test whether there was publication bias, we used Fail-Safe-Number (FSN) to verify the stability of the results. The homogeneity test of the selected statistical model was based on the Q test and I2. The results were obtained by combining multiple single effect values into the combined effect value.

Results
We developed 21 hypotheses and proposed a theoretical framework and analyzed 114650 accumulated sample sizes from 242 independent empirical studies. Among the 21 hypotheses proposed in this paper, the remaining 20 hypotheses have been proved except for hypothesis H6.

Conclusions
The findings showed that the five factors had varying degrees of positive and significant relationships with tourist loyalty and its sub-dimensions. In the descending order of effects, the five factors are degree of satisfaction, quality of experience, perceived value, perceived quality and motivation. We discussed the significance of the meta-analysis, theoretical and practical implications for destination marketing.
Recovery & Safety: What to Look Out For
Authors: Guntupalli Lohitha , Martin Gabriella , Kammerman Jay , Lambert Evan , Piotrowska Agata , Collins Dylon , Bronk Thomas , Homolka Lauren , Bouchard Stephanie 
Published: April 2023

This trifold brochure, created by a cohort of third-year medical students during their clinical clerkships, providesinformation on recovery and safety measures following a hurricane. The brochure was designed in response to the aftermath of Hurricane Ian and distributed to local health departments and free clinics in the Port Charlotte and Punta Gorda Area. The brochure was specifically developed to be easily understood by the layman.
This trifoldcontains important tips on food and water safety, medical advice for animal and insect bites, and alternative sources of fuel and electricity. Additionally, it provides crucial contact information for trauma and disaster coping.
As a reliable resource, this public health brochure is intended to assist those affected by natural disasters and to promote safety and recovery efforts in communities.
Approximation of the image of the L

p
ball under Hilbert-Schmidt integral operator
Authors: Huseyin Nesir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this article, an approximation of the image of the closed ball of the space

L

p

{L}_{p}

(

p
>
1

p\gt 1

) centered at the origin with radius

r

r

under Hilbert-Schmidt integral operator

F

(

⋅

)

:

L

p

→

L

q

F\left(\cdot ):{L}_{p}\to {L}_{q}

,

1

p

+

1

q

=
1

\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1

is considered. An error evaluation for the given approximation is obtained.
Directionality in the psych alternation: a quantitative cross-linguistic study
Authors: Rott Julian Andrej , Verhoeven Elisabeth , Fritz-Huechante Paola 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Languages display global preferences for transitive, intransitive or underspecified roots in their verbal lexicon and correspondingly for the use of processes for deriving related concepts with different valency (cf. Nichols, Johanna, David A. Peterson & Jonathan Barnes. 2004. Transitivizing and detransitivizing languages. Linguistic Typology 8. 149–211). This classification is particularly relevant when applied to psych verbs, since variable linking is a widely recognized feature of this domain. This paper reports on the results of a larger typological study, involving 26 languages from 15 language families, aimed at investigating directionality in the psych alternation. In our data, most languages show preferences for one of the alternation strategies (augmented, reduced, undirected) which is then pervasive in their psych inventory, while the alternative patterns are marginally represented. Furthermore, the Indo-European languages of Europe stand out in being detransitivizing in the psych domain whereas transitivizing and underspecified languages do not show areal patterns. Moreover, we found a significant impact of alignment type on the occurrence of alternation strategies to the effect that reducing strategies are significantly less frequent in languages with ergative traits compared to languages without ergative traits. Our data also showed a positive effect of alignment in the undirected strategies meaning that undirected pairs are significantly more frequent in languages with ergative traits.