bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 and Migrant Women
Authors: Patel Pragna , Walker Janaya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the protection of migrant women under the Domestic Abuse Act (DAA) 2021. It outlines the dire circumstances and challenges faced by migrant survivors of abuse in the UK. Despite immense efforts by women’s organisations like Southall Black Sisters (SBS) and the Latin American Women’s Rights Service (LAWRS) to amend the law, the Government refused to include ensure protection and support for migrant women with insecure immigration status within the scope of the legislation. The chapter cites the wider public support and the cross-party support between both Houses of Parliament despite the disappointing exclusion of migrant survivors from the DAA. Since the Act became law, the Domestic Abuse Commissioner prioritised the report of migrant victims.
Limitations of the Domestic Abuse Act 2021: Defences for Victims Who Offend or Allegedly Offend in the Context of Domestic Abuse
Authors: Williams Katy Swaine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter elaborates on the failings in criminal law and practice due to the unjust treatment of victims accused of offences that result from their domestic abuse experience. It discusses the two new statutory defences that were established following the inclusion of the Domestic Abuse Act (DAA) 2021. Moreover, the Centre for Women’s Justice (CWJ) put forward two proposed new statutory defences during the passage of the Domestic Abuse Bill. However, despite its advantages and strengths, the DAA 2021 offers no protection to victims who are criminalised as a consequence of their experience of abuse. The chapter also mentions that the government commissioned an independent review of sentencing in domestic homicide cases.
Pragmatist Meaning Grounds
Authors: Zalabardo José L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to present the basic ideas of the pragmatist approach to the task of specifying the meaning grounds of a declarative discourse. The approach is introduced by reference by the criterial/anti-realist/justificationist position, according to which the meaning ground of a declarative sentence consists in the conditions in which its assertion is warranted. The pragmatist approach presented here differs from the justificationist approach in two main respects. First, it dispenses with the notion of warranted assertibility or similar epistemic notions, concentrating instead on the conditions under which the sentence is actually asserted, or the procedure employed for regulating its assertion. Second, it replaces the notion of assertion with the notion of acceptance, as a conscious attitude towards a sentence consisting in the conviction that things are as the sentence represents them as being. In sum, when a sentence has a pragmatist meaning ground, it has the meaning it has by virtue of the procedure that regulates its acceptance. The roots of this proposal in Wittgenstein’s notion of a criterion are vindicated. The chapter also explains the difference between the pragmatist proposal and verificationist/subjectivist positions, on the one hand, and expressivist/non-cognitivist positions, on the other, as well as the brand of pragmatism defended by Robert Brandom. The chapter ends with an outline of the relationship between the contrast presented here between representationalist and pragmatist meaning grounds, on the one hand, and the contrast between realist and irrealist positions drawn by James Dreier in terms of the ‘explanation’ explanation.
Harmony and Abstraction
Authors: Zalabardo José L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses an important challenge to the claim that a sentence or predicate with a pragmatist meaning ground can perform the function of representing the world. If a declarative sentence represents the world, there has to be a state of affairs that the sentence represents as obtaining. And if the sentence has a pragmatist meaning ground, its meaning-grounding acceptance procedure has to be sufficient for the sentence to represent the state of affairs it represents. Likewise, if a predicate successfully performs the function of representing the world, there has to be a property that the predicate refers to, and if the predicate has a pragmatist meaning ground, its meaning-grounding ascription procedure has to be sufficient for the predicate to have the referent it has. The chapter proposes to meet this challenge by treating the referents of predicates with pragmatist meaning grounds as identified with abstraction principles based on the synonymy conditions generated by their meaning-grounding ascription procedures. It is suggested that this account of the referents of these predicates is compatible with the idea that the referents of other predicates should receive an independent specification in terms of which synonymy for them can be defined. The chapter considers some consequences of specifying the referent of a predicate in this way and outlines how the approach would work for the predicates of each of our target discourses.
Epilogue
Authors: Zalabardo José L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This epilogue addresses the question, what are the meaning grounds of sentences ascribing meaning grounds? It sketches a pragmatist answer to this question: what makes meaning-ground ascriptions have the meaning they have is the procedure that regulates their acceptance. It is argued that the procedure that regulates our acceptance of meaning-ground specifications is our general procedure for regulating acceptance of interpretations—the combination of projection, familiarity, and non-verbal evidence for belief attribution presented in Chapter 7. The approach applies in particular to the specification of the meaning grounds of interpretations in terms of our interpretative procedures. What makes this meaning-ground specification, like any other, have the meaning it has, is the fact that its acceptance is regulated by our interpretative procedures.
Introduction
Authors: Berendzen Joseph C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This introduction first presents a general overview of the role that considerations of “idealism” play in the scholarly literature on Merleau-Ponty in order to situate the present work. It then gives some reasons for focusing on Merleau-Ponty’s “Pre-Sorbonne Period” and presents an overview of some key concepts that are used in the book. Special attention is given to the idea of “essential manifestness,” which is drawn from the work of the Kant scholar Lucy Allais. Finally, the introduction ends with a brief summary overview of the chapters that follow and some considerations for how the book might be navigated depending on the readers’ interests.
Foundations of Transcendental Idealism in The Structure of Behavior
Authors: Berendzen Joseph C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter expands on the analysis of The Structure of Behavior that begins in Chapter 2. The overarching aim of Structure can be described in two parts. First, through a consideration of psychology it establishes the importance of the concept of “form.” Second, “form” is shown to play an important role in our properly understanding the connection between mind and world. On this book’s interpretation, a shift occurs in the analysis of form that stands as a “transcendental turn” in Merleau-Ponty’s thought, as he realizes that third-person observational studies need to consider the first-person perspective of the observer. This chapter reconstructs Structure’s arguments in a way that displays the transcendental turn and supports both the thesis of transcendental perspectivism and the thesis of transcendental structural analysis.
Problematizing Transcendental Idealism in The Structure of Behavior
Authors: Berendzen Joseph C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 interpreted Structure as arguing for a new form of transcendental idealism. In doing so, though, it overlooked some problems that arise for the transcendental idealist interpretation. This chapter considers those problems. First, it examines the idea that Merleau-Ponty’s emphasis on embodiment has altered the concept of consciousness so extensively that it no longer supports an idealist interpretation. Second, it considers the way in which Merleau-Ponty blurs the boundaries between empirical and transcendental analysis. Ultimately, the chapter argues that these problems can be mostly accommodated within the transcendental idealist interpretation of Structure, but that certain issues point to the need for the further analyses accomplished in Phenomenology of Perception.
The Overt Critique of Idealism in Phenomenology of Perception
Authors: Berendzen Joseph C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 considered Merleau-Ponty’s direct references to idealism in publications prior to Phenomenology. Phenomenology’s references are much more extensive, and often more critical, so they receive their own discussion in this chapter. “Idealism” is directly referenced twenty-six times in the book. The bulk of these references, especially in the Preface, are highly critical. This chapter will examine the passages in Phenomenology where idealism is explicitly criticized, focusing on the Preface and the chapter “Freedom.” These considerations show that, overall, Merleau-Ponty equates idealism with a particularly strong form of intellectualism that fails to integrate “the real.” Nevertheless, this does not necessarily entail that Merleau-Ponty’s own view as a whole is anti-idealist.
Introduction
Authors: Milazzo Eleonora 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The analysis in this book is prompted both by a pressing empirical phenomenon, namely the failure of EU member states to adequately cope with longstanding issues in refugee reception and protection, and by the distinctive theoretical concerns raised by the lack of normative guidelines to define the duties among member states of a regional institution that features the partial pooling of the traditional powers of sovereignty. Therefore, while the book is primarily a work in normative political theory, it also aims to inform current policy debates by suggesting what EU member states owe each other when it comes to protecting asylum seekers and refugees. This chapter introduces the main focus of the book and sets the scene for the discussion of EU interstate duties in the field of refugee protection. Specifically, the chapter outlines two main issues prompting this enquiry, namely, on the one hand, the failure of EU member states to cope with the unsolved European refugee reception emergency; and, on the other, the theoretical concerns raised by the lack of normative guidelines to clearly define the duties among EU member states in this field.
Doing More than One’s Fair Share
Authors: Milazzo Eleonora 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
EU member states host refugees to a dramatically different extent. While we could hardly say that any of them is meeting the demands of interstate solidarity in full, it is also clear that some are doing more than others. This chapter explores what those EU member states that are closer to doing their fair share should do when facing responsibility shirking by other fellow member states. Do they have a duty to take up the slack until effective protection is granted to the greatest number of refugees? Is this duty enforceable and on what basis? Finally, how should these states respond to the risk that their willingness to bear a greater burden will be taken advantage of by responsibility-shirking member states?
NOT ALL SCIENTISTS SHOULD BE THE SAME!
Authors: Donald Athene 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There are many ways in which people do science, or contribute to it. That applies to women just as much as to men. Different skillsets are required for different roles and we need to leave behind the outdated trope of a lone man in a white labcoat who represents ‘a scientist’. Diversity of roles is as important as diversity of background and thought in the scientific endeavour. Modern science is more often about team working than done by a lone genius. It is often interdisciplinary in nature, crossing the standard silos in which early exams are sat. A scientist may be interested in knowing a great deal about a narrow area, or have insight across an extensive range of topics. They most certainly are not only to be found in a research laboratory, but also in museums and on the media talking about their science, as well as in industry. Ideally there would be more of them to be found in the policy arena, given how many political decisions are rooted in scientific issues. Representation of scientists in the media, and messages given to schoolchildren about science and careers in science, would benefit from a much more well-rounded narrative about what scientists do and the different skillsets that are required.
BECOMING A SCIENTIST
Authors: Donald Athene 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Science, like scientists, comes in many forms, and career paths are not all identical. Every scientist has to find the problem that suits them and the path through the challenges they are bound to face. Luck is likely to play a role, as well as determination and perseverance to overcome the inevitable moments of failure. Curiosity, the desire to know more, is a vital ingredient. However, impostor syndrome may assail the individual and it is necessary to find ways to move beyond that lack of confidence. Finding mentors and sponsors to provide advice and support can make an enormous difference to building this and hence progression. Modern STEM is done in teams more often than not, and finding good collaborators can also play a part in success. Evidence suggests that all these facets may actually be harder for women to achieve than for men due to the way our society operates.
Introduction
Authors: McAleer John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter sets out the chronological, conceptual, geographical, and thematic contours of the book, locating it in wider historical and historiographical contexts and reflecting on the nature and scope of the evidence available to historians. Many things changed over the lifetime of the East India Company: diplomatic allegiances and political alliances, economic relationships and commercial connections, and military matters and strategic imperatives all underwent significant shifts and realignments. But prevailing currents and wind patterns, combined with the limits of maritime and navigational technology, fixed sailing patterns through the Atlantic Ocean and defined the basic route of the voyage pursued by East Indiamen throughout the Age of Sail. The voyage was undoubtedly a ‘formidable undertaking’, and the ocean presented a daunting physical obstacle to be negotiated and overcome. But its islands, as well as the peoples and societies on its rim, the flora and fauna in its waters, and the cultural power of crossing its spaces, made the Atlantic a place of orientation, acclimatization, reorientation, preparation, experimentation, speculation, and deliberation.
Stopping Off
Authors: McAleer John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Islands and ports in the Atlantic offered new sights and familiar scenes at one and the same time. They brought British travellers into contact with European cultures, mores, and religion transplanted to insular Atlantic settings, and provided refuelling and revictualling stops. This chapter explores the ways in which visitors represented these places—at once ‘home’ and familiar, as well as distant and ‘other’—and how they interacted with their inhabitants, the practical and strategic value they ascribed to these places, and the lessons they drew from visiting them. It underscores the importance of rival European empires in facilitating the expansion and consolidation of the British Empire.
Introduction
Authors: Fradinger Moira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Introduction explains key theoretical and methodological tools that guide this book’s research in its engagement with comparative literature, classical reception, Latin American studies, history, feminist theory, political philosophy, and theater and performance history. It elucidates the rationale for constructing a corpus of Latin American Antígonas (seventy-nine in this book), seen as vernacular plays establishing intra-American dialogues. A political understanding of regional vernaculars, finding local histories embedded in texts, and homegrown terminology are favored over colonial protocols that mechanically compare fragments of Greek culture appearing in neocolonial territories with ancient or modern European texts, deracinating local production. Different ways of thinking about colonial legacies are revealed through engagement with the cultural politics of empires other than the British. Local terms such as cultural cannibalism and heterogeneity, as well as the author’s uses of rumination, quilting, and strategic classicism, are explained. This means writing from, and not about, Latin America, understood as a geopolitical, rather than geographical, category. The Introduction summarizes the surprising transnational patterns found in the corpus, such as Antígona’s characterization as a political mother in charge of the nation’s dead offspring; her increasing multiplication as a female collective desiring systemic social change; and a political discourse about the neocolony that the author qualifies as the “Antígonal paradigm of politics.”
For the People, By the People, With the People Félix Morisseau-Leroy’s 1953 Vodou Antigòn an Kreyòl
Authors: Fradinger Moira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on the Haitian national quest in the 1950s to recover its African roots in the face of the elites’ centuries-old Francophilia, through the study of Félix Morisseau-Leroy’s Antigòn an Kreyòl (1953). The chapter argues that this Haitian drama rethinks the legacy of the Haitian revolution, national identity, and modernization in Haitian terms. The play was paramount in the struggle to legitimize Haitian Creole and Vodou religion as the language and culture of the African enslaved peoples who, in the playwright’s eyes, made Haiti’s independence possible. Through Antigòn’s character the play recovers the revolutionary ideals, along the lines of the most radical of revolutionary leaders: Jean-Jacques Dessalines. The play shows the deepest heterogeneity in this book’s corpus: its gods are neither Greek nor Christian but belong in the Vodou pantheon; its audience was only briefly the middle class in the capital city, before the play was taken to the peasantry across the country. The chapter explains how the play quilts a Vodou ceremony and Greek tragedy by transforming Antigòn into a Vodou goddess who, married in heaven, will give eternal life.
Finale
Authors: Fradinger Moira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 8, the Finale, presents a panoramic view of a surprising twenty-first-century flurry of Antígona plays featuring female collectives, staging the struggle against gendered violence and the combination of necropolitics with neoliberalism that characterizes the current state of capitalism in the Global South. The chapter argues that in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, Antígona plays have shared the spirit of “gender revolution” making headlines across the globe and identifies two other trends: a focus on Ismene and the implausible comedic version of Antígona. The chapter comments briefly on plays such as Daniel Fermani’s “Trans Antígona Sexual” (Argentina, 2000); Jorge Huertas’s AntígonaS: Linaje de hembras (Argentina, 2001); Juan Carlos Villavicencio’s Antígona (Chile, 2002); Marianella Morena’s and Volker Lösch’s Antígona Oriental (Uruguay, 2012); Rogelio Orizondo’s Antigonón: un contingente épico (Cuba, 2012); Gabriela Ynclán’s Podrías llamarte Antígona (Mexico, 2009); Sara Uribe’s Antígona González (Mexico, 2012); and Jesús Eduardo Domínguez Vargas’s Río arriba, río abajo: Antígona en el puente cantando (Colombia, 2014), among others. It then studies in more detail Mexico and Colombia, especially through Mexican Perla de la Rosa’s (2004) Antígona, las voces que incendian el desierto and its treatment of feminicide at the border city of Juárez, and through Colombian Carlos Satizábal’s 2014 Antígonas: Tribunal de mujeres and its treatment of the Colombian six-decade-long armed conflict. The chapter adds a coda, which serves as a meditation on the book’s salient discoveries about the cultural cannibalization and rumination of Antígona in Latin America, through a reading of Chilean Rubén Morgado’s 2016 Antígona insomne.
Framing the First Amendment
Authors: Chapman Nathan S. , McConnell Michael W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines how the members of the First Congress debated the terms of the First Amendment against the backdrop of a well-known political, legal, and religious landscape of religious establishment. James Madison, who shepherded the provision to ratification, had been at the forefront of disestablishment in Virginia and had already produced some of the most wide-ranging arguments in favor of disestablishment of anyone before or since. Having won his seat in the First Congress, Madison drafted a proposed Bill of Rights. Among his proposals were several amendments addressing religious liberty. The members were also sensitive to the fact that many states had not yet shelved their religious establishments, and some were eager to keep them in place. The result was a provision that at once forbade the federal government from establishing a national religion and guaranteed that it had no power to interfere with a state establishment.
Disestablishment in the States
Authors: Chapman Nathan S. , McConnell Michael W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates the debates over disestablishment that took place in the states, which offer the best evidence of what the founding era meant by “establishment of religion.” The process of disestablishment was different in every state, but by the end of the first third of the nineteenth century, the states that had inherited a religious establishment from the colonial era had repealed those laws. State disestablishment provisions clarify the sort of laws the Establishment Clause prohibited the federal government from enacting: laws conditioning civil or political privileges on religious belief or affiliation; laws compelling church attendance or tithes; laws interfering with church doctrine, governance, or administration; and laws authorizing a religious group to perform vital civic functions for the state. The First Amendment placed such laws beyond the federal government’s reach from the beginning. It took another constitutional amendment to place them beyond the reach of the states too.
Accommodation of Religious Exercise
Authors: Chapman Nathan S. , McConnell Michael W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the accommodation of religious exercise. Throughout history, courts have struggled to decide whether the principle of free exercise of religion entails the right to an exemption from a general law that would otherwise require believers to violate contrary religious commands—a right enforceable in court. The most conspicuous accommodation claims in the past ten years have involved religious traditionalists who seek to avoid compulsory support for abortion, contraception, same-sex marriage, and similar progressive causes. Opponents of these accommodations have advanced a novel argument against them: Accommodations of religion violate the Establishment Clause if they have the effect of imposing more than minimal harm on nonbeneficiaries. This can be called the third-party harm argument. In light of the long-standing practice and precedent, it is generally permissible for governments to accommodate religious exercise, even when the accommodation is not required by the Free Exercise Clause, and even when it imposes some burdens on third parties. Efforts to invalidate religious accommodations in the name of the Establishment Clause have been almost uniformly rejected, and this has been a good thing for religious freedom and diversity.