bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapidly evolving aerosol emissions are a dangerous omission from near-term climate risk assessments
Authors: Persad G , Samset B H , Wilcox L J , Allen Robert J , Bollasina Massimo A , Booth Ben B B , Bonfils Céline , Crocker Tom , Joshi Manoj , Lund Marianne T , Marvel Kate , Merikanto Joonas , Nordling Kalle , Undorf Sabine , van Vuuren Detlef P , Westervelt Daniel M , Zhao Alcide 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic aerosol emissions are expected to change rapidly over the coming decades, driving strong, spatially complex trends in temperature, hydroclimate, and extreme events both near and far from emission sources. Under-resourced, highly populated regions often bear the brunt of aerosols’ climate and air quality effects, amplifying risk through heightened exposure and vulnerability. However, many policy-facing evaluations of near-term climate risk, including those in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report, underrepresent aerosols’ complex and regionally diverse climate effects, reducing them to a globally averaged offset to greenhouse gas warming. We argue that this constitutes a major missing element in society’s ability to prepare for future climate change. We outline a pathway towards progress and call for greater interaction between the aerosol research, impact modeling, scenario development, and risk assessment communities.
Learning to live with smoke: characterizing wildland fire and prescribed fire smoke risk communication in rural Washington
Authors: D’Evelyn Savannah M , Wood Leah M , Desautel Cody , Errett Nicole A , Ray Kris , Spector June T , Alvarado Ernesto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Extreme smoke events from wildland fires are increasing in frequency and intensity across the country. Risk communication around wildland and prescribed fires is an essential component of both smoke-readiness and resilience. To date, little research has been conducted on how smoke exposure risks can be communicated effectively, especially within the context of rural and tribal communities, who experience a disproportionate burden of smoke risks and impacts. This qualitative study analyzed how tribal and non-tribal communities in the Okanogan River Airshed Emphasis Area (ORAEA) receive and share information about smoke exposure to highlight gaps and communication opportunities for smoke risk communication. The ORAEA is a region of north-central Washington that is frequently blanketed with smoke year-round from wildland fire in the summer, prescribed fire in the fall and spring, and wood burning stoves in the winter. This study was the result of a partnership between the Okanogan River Airshed Partnership, the Natural Resource Division for the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, the Colville Environmental Trust Air Quality Program, and the University of Washington. The study team conducted seventeen key informant interviews and six focus groups to identify community perceptions of smoke exposure and describe its impact. A thematic analysis of interview and focus group data identified five themes around wildfire smoke risk communication: (1) perception of the health risks of smoke; (2) current ways of sharing information about smoke; (3) trusted sources of information; (4) gaps and communication opportunities; and (5) perceptions of prescribed fire. Based on these themes, we developed a set of six recommended actions. To create effective smoke risk communication that may be applicable to smoke-impacted regions across the country, messaging must address barriers to action, be rooted in community perceptions of risk, and be delivered through trusted channels.
Dietary modification for prevention and control of high blood pressure
Authors: Tse Yiu-Hei , Tuet Choi-Yee , Lau Kui-Kai , Tse Hung-Fat 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hypertension (HT) remains the leading cause of cardiovascular and premature death around the world. Diet is one of the important factors that contributes to the development of HT. We review the current evidence of how different dietary factors may influence blood pressure (BP) and consequent development of HT. There is evidence that BP is positively associated with higher consumption of sodium, alcohol, animal-based protein such as red meat, low-quality carbohydrates such as sugar-sweetened beverages, and saturated fatty acids. On the contrary, other dietary constituents have BP-lowering effects. These include potassium, calcium, magnesium, yogurt, eggs, plant-based proteins such as soy and legumes, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality carbohydrates such as whole grain and fruits. Dietary fibre is unrelated to BP lowering, possibly due to the different mechanisms of various types of fibre. The effects of caffeine, hibiscus tea, pomegranate, and sesame on BP are also unclear as evidence is hard to assess due to the varying concentrations and different types of drinks used in studies. Implementing dietary changes such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet) or adopting a Mediterranean diet has been shown to reduce and control BP. Although the effect of diet on BP control has been established, the optimal amount of each dietary component and consequent ability to devise a personalized diet for HT prevention and BP control for different populations still require further investigation.
Causal Association of Physician-in-Triage with Improved Pediatric Sepsis Care: A Single-Center, Emergency Department Experience
Authors: Moorthy Ganga S. , Pung Jordan S. , Subramanian Neel , Theiling B. Jason , Sterrett Emily C. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Approximately 75,000 children are hospitalized for sepsis yearly in the United States, with 5%–20% mortality estimates. Outcomes are closely related to the timeliness of sepsis recognition and antibiotic administration.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary sepsis task force formed in the Spring of 2020 aimed to assess and improve pediatric sepsis care in the pediatric emergency department (ED). The electronic medical record identified pediatric sepsis patients from September 2015 to July 2021. Data for time to sepsis recognition and antibiotic delivery were analyzed using statistical process control charts (X̄-S charts). We identified special cause variation, and Bradford-Hill Criteria guided multidisciplinary discussions to identify the most probable cause.

Results:
In the fall of 2018, the average time from ED arrival to blood culture orders decreased by 1.1 hours, and the time from arrival to antibiotic administration decreased by 1.5 hours. After qualitative review, the task force hypothesized that initiation of attending-level pediatric physician-in-triage (P-PIT) as a part of ED triage was temporally associated with the observed improved sepsis care. P-PIT reduced the average time to the first provider exam by 14 minutes and introduced a process for physician evaluation before ED room assignment.

Conclusions:
Timely assessment by an attending-level physician improves time to sepsis recognition and antibiotic delivery in children who present to the ED with sepsis. Implementing a P-PIT program with early attending-level physician evaluation is a potential strategy for other institutions.
Vision rivals audition in alerting humans for fast action
Authors: Dietze Niklas , Poth Christian H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSuccessful behaviour requires that humans act promptly upon the ubiquitous rapid changes in the environment. Prompt actions are supported by phasic alertness: the increased readiness for perception and action elicited by warning stimuli (alerting cues). Audition is assumed to induce phasic alertness for action faster and more strongly than other senses. Here, we show that vision can be equally effective as audition. We investigated the temporal evolution and the effectiveness of visual and auditory alerting for action in a speeded choice task, while controlling for basic sensitivity differences between the modalities that are unrelated to action control (by matching auditory and visual stimuli according to reaction times in a prior simple detection task). Results revealed that alerting sped up responses, but this happened equally fast and equally strong for visual and auditory alerting cues. Thus, these findings argue that vision rivals audition in phasic alerting for prompt actions, and suggest that the underlying mechanisms work across both modalities.
Effects of sex and estrous cycle on intravenous oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior in rats
Authors: Hinds Nicole M. , Wojtas Ireneusz D. , Gallagher Corinne A. , Corbett Claire M. , Manvich Daniel F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe increasing misuse of both prescription and illicit opioids has culminated in a national healthcare crisis in the United States. Oxycodone is among the most widely prescribed and misused opioid pain relievers and has been associated with a high risk for transition to compulsive opioid use. Here, we sought to examine potential sex differences and estrous cycle-dependent effects on the reinforcing efficacy of oxycodone, as well as on stress-induced or cue-induced oxycodone-seeking behavior, using intravenous (IV) oxycodone self-administration and reinstatement procedures. In experiment 1, adult male and female Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer 0.03 mg/kg/inf oxycodone according to a fixed-ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement in daily 2-hr sessions, and a dose-response function was subsequently determined (0.003-0.03 mg/kg/inf). In experiment 2, a separate group of adult male and female Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer 0.03 mg/kg/inf oxycodone for 8 sessions, followed by 0.01 mg/kg/inf oxycodone for 10 sessions. Responding was then extinguished, followed by sequential footshock-induced and cue-induced reinstatement tests. In the dose-response experiment, oxycodone produced a typical inverted U-shape function with 0.01 mg/kg/inf representing the maximally effective dose in both sexes. No sex differences were detected in the reinforcing efficacy of oxycodone. In the second experiment, the reinforcing effects of 0.01-0.03 mg//kg/inf oxycodone were significantly attenuated in females during proestrus/estrus as compared to metestrus/diestrus phases of the estrous cycle. Neither males nor females displayed significant footshock-induced reinstatement of oxycodone seeking, but both sexes exhibited significant cue-induced reinstatement of oxycodone seeking at magnitudes that did not differ either by sex or by estrous cycle phase. These results confirm and extend previous work suggesting that sex does not robustly influence the primary reinforcing effects of oxycodone nor the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior. However, our findings reveal for the first time that the reinforcing efficacy of IV oxycodone varies across the estrous cycle in female rats.
A Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis of Nucleosome Positioning in Yeast
Authors: Zeitler Leo , André Kevin , Alberti Adriana , Wilkes Cyril Denby , Soutourina Julie , Goldar Arach 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, the one-dimensional DNA molecules need to be tightly packaged into the spatially constraining nucleus. Folding is achieved on its lowest level by wrapping the DNA around nucleosomes. Their positioning regulates other nuclear processes, such as transcription and DNA repair. Despite strong efforts to study nucleosome phasing using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data, the mechanism of their collective arrangement along the gene body remains poorly understood. Here, we assess the nucleosome profiles of protein-coding genes inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing functional Principal Component Analysis. By decomposing the NGS signals into their main descriptive functions, we compared wild type and chromatin remodeler-deficient strains, keeping position-specific details preserved. A correlation analysis with other genomic properties, such as gene size and length of the upstream Nucleosome Depleted Region (NDR), identified key factors that influence nucleosome phasing. We reveal that the RSC chromatin remodeler—which is responsible for NDR maintenance—is indispensable for decoupling nucleosome arrangement within the gene from phasing outside, which interfere inrsc8-depleted conditions. Moreover, positioning inchd1Δ strains displayed a clear correlation with RNA polymerase II presence, whereas wild type cells did not indicate a noticeable interdependence. We propose that RSC is pivotal for global nucleosome organisation, whilst Chd1 plays a key role for maintaining local arrangement.
Multi-Scale Cortical Bone Traits Vary in Two Mouse Models of Genetic Diversity
Authors: Migotsky Nicole , Surabhi Kumar  , Shuster John T. , Coulombe Jennifer C. , Senwar Bhavya , Gestos Adrian A. , Farber Charles R. , Ferguson Virginia L. , Silva Matthew J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of cortical bone traits can allow for the discovery of novel genes or biological pathways regulating bone health. Mice are the most widely used mammalian model for skeletal biology and allow for the quantification of traits that can’t easily be evaluated in humans, such as osteocyte lacunar morphology. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of genetic diversity on multi-scale cortical bone traits of three long bones in skeletally-mature mice. We measured bone morphology, mechanical properties, material properties, lacunar morphology, and mineral composition of mouse bones from two populations of genetic diversity. Additionally, we compared how intra-bone relationships varied in the two populations. Our first population of genetic diversity included 72 females and 72 males from the eight Inbred Founder strains used to create the Diversity Outbred (DO) population. These eight strains together span almost 90% of the genetic diversity found in mice (Mus musculus). Our second population of genetic diversity included 25 genetically unique, outbred females and 25 males from the DO population. We show that multi-scale cortical bone traits vary significantly with genetic background; heritability values range from 21% to 99% indicating genetic control of bone traits across length scales. We show for the first time that lacunar shape and number are highly heritable. Comparing the two populations of genetic diversity, we show each DO mouse does not resemble a single Inbred Founder but instead the outbred mice display hybrid phenotypes with the elimination of extreme values. Additionally, intra-bone relationships (e.g., ultimate force vs. cortical area) were mainly conserved in our two populations. Overall, this work supports future use of these genetically diverse populations to discover novel genes contributing to cortical bone traits, especially at the lacunar length scale.
Isoniazid preventive therapy adherence among HIV positive soldiers on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda
Authors: Moses Sabila , Mupere Ezekiel , Nangendo Joanita , Semitala Fred , Chemonges Saul , Muwanguzi Patience , Katamba Achilles 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUganda has a heavy double burden of tuberculosis (TB) and currently ranks among the seven highest TB affected countries globally. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for the treatment of latent TB. However, the adherence to IPT in military settings has not been well documented in Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 300 HIV-positive clients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Bombo Military Hospital in Uganda. Clients were cumulatively recruited to a threshold sample. Data were entered and analysed using Epidata client v4.6.0.6 and Stata 14.0.ResultsOf the 300 clients the prevalence of IPT was 94.7% CI (92.1-97.2); adherence to IPT was associated with being: aged ≥ 50 years prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.061 and a confidence interval (CI) of 95% (1.01-1.12); married [PR: 1.438, CI: 95% (1.12-1.84)]; having social support [PR: 1.498, CI: 95% (1.17-1.92)] and the role this played in IPT adherence among married participants [PR: 0.817, CI: 95% (0.72-0.93)] are factors that were found to be significant.ConclusionThere is need for Bombo medical facility in Uganda to emphasis on strategies to improve access, retention and adherence to ART and IPT for young adults. Secondly, advocating for social support and behavioural interventions have been identified as requirement for improving IPT adherence among HIV positive soldiers. There is need for more research on the role that social support plays to reduce social stigma associated with HIV-positive patients. The findings for this Uganda study suggest that there is need to increase adherence to IPT for married participants living with HIV and this model could also be adopted in other resource constrained and low middle income countries.
Modulation by neuropeptides with overlapping targets results in functional overlap in oscillatory circuit activation
Authors: Cronin Elizabeth M. , Schneider Anna C. , Nadim Farzan , Bucher Dirk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeuromodulation lends flexibility to neural circuit operation but the general notion that different neuromodulators sculpt neural circuit activity into distinct and characteristic patterns is complicated by interindividual variability. In addition, some neuromodulators converge onto the same signaling pathways, with similar effects on neurons and synapses. We compared the effects of three neuropeptides on the rhythmic pyloric circuit in the crabCancer borealisstomatogastric nervous system. Proctolin (PROC), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), and red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) all activate the same modulatory inward current,IMI, and have convergent actions on synapses. However, while PROC targets all four neuron types in the core pyloric circuit, CCAP and RPCH target the same subset of only two neurons. After removal of spontaneous neuromodulator release, none of the neuropeptides restored the control cycle frequency, but all restored the relative timing between neuron types. Consequently, differences between neuropeptide effects were mainly found in the spiking activity of different neuron types. We performed statistical comparisons using the Euclidean distance in the multidimensional space of normalized output attributes to obtain a single measure of difference between modulatory states. Across preparations, circuit output in PROC was distinguishable from CCAP and RPCH, but CCAP and RPCH were not distinguishable from each other. However, we argue that even between PROC and the other two neuropeptides, population data overlapped enough to prevent reliable identification of individual output patterns as characteristic for a specific neuropeptide. We confirmed this notion by showing that blind classifications by machine learning algorithms were only moderately successful.Significance StatementIt is commonly assumed that distinct behaviors or circuit activities can be elicited by different neuromodulators. Yet it is unknown to what extent these characteristic actions remain distinct across individuals. We use a well-studied circuit model of neuromodulation to examine the effects of three neuropeptides, each known to produce a distinct activity pattern in controlled studies. We find that, when compared across individuals, the three peptides elicit activity patterns that are either statistically indistinguishable or show too much overlap to be labeled characteristic. We ascribe this to interindividual variability and overlapping subcellular actions of the modulators. Because both factors are common in all neural circuits, these findings have broad significance for understanding the chemical neuromodulatory actions while considering interindividual variability.
CEO behavior and CSR engagement: the moderating role of bank risk-taking
Authors: Jilani Wafa , Chouaibi Jamel , Kouki Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The main purpose of this paper is to look at the link between chief executive officer (CEO) behavior and corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement with the moderating role of bank risk-taking behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a 13-year data set (2007–2019), the authors applied the feasible generalized least squares with panel data to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The findings reveal a positive and significant link between CEO behavior and CSR engagement. Based on these findings, it can be argued that the characteristics of the CEO of the banks would improve the CSR strategies. Furthermore, the study suggests a moderating effect of bank risk-taking in the link between psychological bias and corporate social responsibility engagement (CSR engagement).

Practical implications
As CEO behavioral characteristics are essential to understanding CSR practice, boards of directors should consider the behavioral traits of dominant and overconfident CEOs while designing CSR practices.

Social implications
If the bank behaves in a socially responsible manner, direct and indirect stakeholders may be able to evaluate the level of risk-taking in more detail.

Originality/value
This research highlights the importance of CEO behavior characteristics for CSR, which is a crucial application that supports the upper echelons theory; and fills a gap in literature research. It is one of the few studies examining the interaction between risk-taking, CEO behavior and CSR engagement.
Optimizing the delivery schedule of equipment in a project environment considering resource leveling of storage space and its constraint: a case study
Authors: Das Debadyuti , Singh Aditya 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe present work seeks to determine the optimal delivery schedule of equipment at a project site in the backdrop of limited storage space, at a minimum cost, and without disturbing the overall project schedule. In addition, the optimized delivery schedule helps in minimizing the fluctuating requirements of space at the project site across the entire project lifespan.Design/methodology/approachThe study is carried out at a Steel plant operating in a constrained space but undergoing a production capacity expansion. The problem motivated us to explore the possibility of postponing the delivery dates of certain equipment closer to the erection dates without compromising on the project schedule. Given the versatility of linear programming models in dealing with such schedule optimization problems, the authors formulated the above problem as a Zero-One Integer Linear Programming problem.FindingsThe model is implemented for all the new equipment arriving for two major units – the Hot Strip Mill (HSM) and the Blast Furnace (BF). It generates an optimized delivery schedule by delaying the delivery of some equipment by a certain number of periods, without compromising the overall project schedule and at a minimum storage cost. The average space utilization increases by 25.85 and 14.79% in HSM and BF units respectively. The fluctuations in space requirements are reduced substantially in both units.Originality/valueThe study shows a timeline in the form of a Gantt chart for the delivery of equipment, storage of equipment across different periods, and the number of periods for which the delivery of certain equipment needs to be postponed. The study uses linearly increasing storage costs with the increase in the number of periods for storage of the equipment in the temporary shed.HighlightsDetermined the optimal delivery schedule of the equipment in a project environment in the backdrop of limited storage space in the project site.Formulated the above problem as a Zero-One Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem.The average space utilization has increased by 25.85 and 14.79% in HSM and BF units respectively.The optimized delivery schedule helps in reducing the fluctuations in space requirements substantially across the entire lifespan of the project.The timeline of delivery of equipment, storage of equipment across different periods and periods of postponement of the equipment are shown in the form of a Gantt Chart.