bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noncommutativity and logarithmic correction to the black hole entropy
Authors: Gupta Kumar S. , Jurić Tajron , Samsarov Andjelo , Smolić Ivica 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the noncommutative corrections to the entropy of the Reissner-Nordström black hole using a κ-deformed scalar probe within the brick-wall framework. The noncommutativity is encoded in an Abelian Drinfeld twist constructed from the Killing vector fields of the Reissner-Nordström black hole. We show that the noncommutative effects naturally lead to a logarithmic correction to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy even at the lowest order of the WKB approximation. In contrast, such logarithmic corrections in the commutative setup appear only after the quantum effects are included through higher order WKB corrections or through higher loop effects. Our analysis thus provides further evidence towards the hypothesis that the noncommutative framework is capable of encoding at least some quantum effects in curved spacetime, although additional contributions will appear when the NC effects are fully incorporated in a gravity theory.
When facial recognition does not ‘recognise’: erroneous identifications and resulting liabilities
Authors: Raposo Vera Lúcia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFacial recognition is an artificial intelligence-based technology that, like many other forms of artificial intelligence, suffers from an accuracy deficit. This paper focuses on one particular use of facial recognition, namely identification, both as authentication and as recognition. Despite technological advances, facial recognition technology can still produce erroneous identifications. This paper addresses algorithmic identification failures from an upstream perspective by identifying the main causes of misidentifications (in particular, the probabilistic character of this technology, its ‘black box’ nature and its algorithmic bias) and from a downstream perspective, highlighting the possible legal consequences of such failures in various scenarios (namely liability lawsuits). In addition to presenting the causes and effects of such errors, the paper also presents measures that can be deployed to reduce errors and avoid liabilities.
Effects of Ti6Al4V mechanical and thermal surface modification on the adhesion of a chitosan-bioactive glass coating
Authors: Sanguedolce Michela , Rotella Giovanna , Curcio Federica , Pelaccia Riccardo , Siciliani Vincenzina , Cassano Roberta , Orazi Leonardo , Filice Luigino 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiomedical implants interact with human tissues introducing significant perturbation into the body. Implant surfaces can be then functionalized enabling better biocompatibility. At the same time, the additional use of a coating provides further functions such as corrosion protection, osteointegration, and drug delivery. In this context, a composite made of chitosan and bioactive glass nanoparticles has been used for coating Ti6Al4V alloy samples processed beforehand using different processes, i.e., polishing, milling, grit blasting, and electrical discharge machining. Experiments have been carried out to correlate substrate surface conditions and coating effectiveness in terms of scratch resistance with the final aim to obtain suitable guidelines to improve substrate-coating performances.
Graphical Abstract
Feasibility of using quantitative 1H-NMR spectroscopy and ultra-microbalances for investigation of a PET microplastic reference material
Authors: Seghers John , Günther Marcel , Breidbach Andreas , Peez Nadine , Imhof Wolfgang , Emteborg Håkan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHere, we report on the feasibility of using quantitative NMR and ultra-microbalances for additional measurements of the mass of poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) particles in a reference material (RM). The microplastic (MP) PET particles were immobilised in solid NaCl following freeze-drying of a 1-ml NaCl suspension. The particles ranged from 30 to about 200 µm (Feretmin). In a 3-day process, more than 500 such units of PET particles in the NaCl carrier were prepared and later used in a large-scale inter-laboratory comparison. The homogeneity of PET in the salt carrier over these 500 units had previously been evaluated with respect to the mass of PET using an ultra-microbalance. In addition to the original results obtained by weighing, two independent results of quantitative 1H-NMR have been obtained for further investigation of this reference material together with one additional set of weighing data. The NMR data were used for confirmation of the weighed amount of PET (as weighing is non-specific for PET). Average masses of 0.293 ± 0.04 mg and 0.286 ± 0.03 mg of PET were obtained using two different ultra-microbalances (14% RSD for n = 14 and 9% RSD for n = 4, respectively). The corresponding 1H-NMR data was 0.300 ± 0.02 mg of PET (6.7% RSD for n = 5) and 0.345 ± 0.04 mg of PET (12.5% RSD for n = 14), respectively. The average mass of PET obtained by 1H-NMR measurements was in agreement with the weighed amounts within their standard deviations. A mean value of 0.306 mg PET with an expanded uncertainty of 0.058 mg (± 19% relative) was calculated, and it is traceable to the SI system of measurements. Measurement of PET by quantitative 1H-NMR spectroscopy is also reported for a water sample. The PET contained in one RM sample was transferred to 1 L of water to mimic a drinking water sample for microplastics.
Graphical abstract
Effects of reducing, stabilizing, and antibiotic agents on “Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis”
Authors: Ude Emea Okorafor , Haas Jucelaine , Kaiyoum Mohammed Kaysar , Ding Chang , Adrian Lorenz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Anaerobic ammon ium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria oxidize ammonium and reduce nitrite, producing N2, and could play a major role in energy-optimized wastewater treatment. However, sensitivity to various environmental conditions and slow growth currently hinder their wide application. Here, we attempted to determine online the effect of environmental stresses on anammox bacteria by using an overnight batch activity test with whole cells, in which anammox activity was calculated by quantifying N2 production via headspace-pressure monitoring. A planktonic mixed culture dominated by “Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis” strain CSTR1 was cultivated in a 30-L semi-continuous stirring tank reactor. In overnight resting-cell anammox activity tests, oxygen caused strong inhibition of anammox activity, which was reversed by sodium sulfite (30 µM). The tested antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin elicited their effect on a dose-dependent manner; however, strain CSTR1 was highly resistant to sulfamethoxazole. Anammox activity was improved by activated carbon and Fe2O3. Protein expression analysis from resting cells after anammox activity stimulation revealed that NapC/NirT family cytochrome c (KsCSTR_12840), hydrazine synthase, hydrazine dehydrogenase, hydroxylamine oxidase, and nitrate:nitrite oxidoreductase were upregulated, while a putative hydroxylamine oxidoreductase HAO (KsCSTR_49490) was downregulated. These findings contribute to the growing knowledge on anammox bacteria physiology, eventually leading to the control of anammox bacteria growth and activity in real-world application.

Key Points
• Sulfite additions can reverse oxygen inhibition of the anammox process
• Anammox activity was improved by activated carbon and ferric oxide
• Sulfamethoxazole marginally affected anammox activity

Graphical abstract
High‐Risk Breast Lesions Diagnosed by Ultrasound‐Guided Vacuum‐Assisted Excision
Authors: He Ping , Lei Yu‐Tao , Zhao Hong‐Mei , Chen Wen , Shen Wei‐Wei , Fu Peng , Cui Li‐Gang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to analyze the role of ultrasound‐guided vacuum‐assisted excision (US‐guided VAE) in the treatment of high‐risk breast lesions and to evaluate the clinical and US features of the patients associated with recurrence or development of malignancy.Materials and methodsBetween April 2010 and September 2021, 73 lesions of 73 patients underwent US‐guided VAE and were diagnosed with high‐risk breast lesions. The incidence of recurrence or development of malignancy for high‐risk breast lesions was evaluated at follow‐up period. The clinical and US features of the patients were analyzed to identify the factors affecting the recurrence or development of malignancy rate.ResultsOnly benign phyllodes tumors on US‐guided VAE showed recurrences, while other high‐risk breast lesions that were atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular neoplasia (atypical lobular hyperplasia/lobular carcinoma in situ), radial scar, and flat epithelial atypia did not show recurrences or malignant transformation. The recurrence rate of the benign phyllodes tumor was 20.8% (5/24) in a mean follow‐up period of 34.3 months. The recurrence rate of benign phyllodes tumor with distance from nipple of less than 1 cm was significantly higher than that of lesions with distance from nipple of more than 1 cm (75% vs. 10%, p < 0.05).ConclusionsBenign phyllodes tumors without concurrent breast cancer could be safely followed up instead of surgical excision after US‐guided VAE when the lesions were classified as BI‐RADS 3 or 4A by US.
Hydroxychloroquine in children with proliferative lupus nephritis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gheet Fatma Sayed , Dawoud Heba El-Sayed , El-Shahaby Waleed Ahmed , Elrifaey Shymaa Mohamed , Abdelnabi Hend Hassan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial agent used to treat mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, constitutional manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study assessed the efficacy and side effects of HCQ in children with proliferative lupus nephritis (LN). This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial study was conducted on 60 children with proliferative LN classes III and IV treated with steroids and a mycophenolate (MMF) regimen. Patients were categorized into two groups, the HCQ group (n = 30) and the placebo group (n = 30). They were evaluated initially at 6- and a 12-month follow-up by mucocutaneous, ophthalmological examination, and investigations (BUN, creatinine, 24 h proteinuria, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, Antids-DNA, C3, C4). Disease activity was assessed using the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2 k). After 12 months, TG, cholesterol, 24 h proteinuria, Antids-DNA, and SLEDAI score were significantly decreased in the HCQ group (P: 0.002, 0.012, 0.031, 0.001, respectively). After 12 months, the cumulative probabilities of developing primary end-points (LN partial and complete remission) were 40% and 60% in the HCQ group versus 53.3% and 36.7% in the placebo group (P: 0.002). After 12 months, the HCQ group experienced mucocutaneous alopecia (3.3%), hyperpigmentation (10%), and ophthalmological mild retinal changes (6.7%), but they did not differ significantly from the placebo group. Cunclusion: HCQ improved the disease and LN activity in children with proliferative LN, with documented skin hyperpigmentation and mild retinal changes following HCQ use in a few cases. This study was registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ with trial registration number (TRN): NCT03687905, September 2018 “retrospectively registered.”

What is Known:

• Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is documented as an adjunctive treatment in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) LN with efficacy in improving lupus musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous manifestations.

• Due to the paucity of studies, its effects and side effects in children with LN remain unclear.

What is New:

• This pilot randomized clinical trial assessed the efficacy and adverse effects of HCQ in children with proliferative LN.

• HCQ had numerous advantages for LN, including rapid and sustained remission, antilipidemic effect, and rapid improvement of kidney functions.
Geckos differentiate self from other using both skin and faecal chemicals: evidence towards self-recognition?
Authors: Szabo Birgit , Ringler Eva 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSelf-recognition is the ability to recognise stimuli originating from oneself. Humans and some non-human animals show evidence of true visual self-recognition in the mirror test. They use their reflection to inspect themselves and to remove a mark that is only visible in the mirror. Not all animals, however, rely primarily on vision. In lizards, chemical cues are crucial in social interactions, and therefore, lizards would benefit from a chemical self-other distinction. Here, we test the tokay gecko (Gekko gecko), a social species, on their ability to discriminate their own skin and faecal chemicals from those of same-sex, unfamiliar conspecifics. We predicted that individuals would show more self-directed behaviour when confronted with the chemicals from unfamiliar individuals within their home enclosure as a sign of the need for increased comparison. Geckos showed higher self-directed responses towards chemicals from unfamiliar individuals compared to self-produced chemicals and a water control. Furthermore, scat and skin chemicals (regardless of origin) elicited similar but stronger responses than peppermint oil pointing towards a possible social function of scat piles. Although further tests and controls are needed, our study provides evidence towards chemical self-recognition and for a social function of scat piling in tokay geckos.
Accretion disks, quasars and cosmology: meandering towards understanding
Authors: Czerny Bożena , Cao Shulei , Jaiswal Vikram Kumar , Karas Vladimír , Khadka Narayan , Martínez-Aldama Mary Loli , Naddaf Mohammad Hassan , Panda Swayamtrupta , Pozo Nuñez Francisco , Prince Raj , Ratra Bharat , Sniegowska Marzena , Yu Zhefu , Zajaček Michal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs Setti and Woltjer noted back in 1973, one can use quasars to construct the Hubble diagram; however, the actual application of the idea was not that straightforward. It took years to implement the proposition successfully. Most ways to employ quasars for cosmology now require an advanced understanding of their structure, step by step. We briefly review this progress, with unavoidable personal biases, and concentrate on bright unobscured sources. We will mention the problem of the gas flow character close to the innermost stable circular orbit near the black hole, as discussed five decades ago. This problem later led to the development of the slim disk scenario and is recently revived in the context of Magnetically Arrested Disks (MAD) and Standard and Normal Evolution (SANE) models. We also discuss the hot or warm corona issue, which is still under debate and complicates the analysis of X-ray reflection. We present the scenario of the formation of the low ionization part of the Broad Line Region as a failed wind powered by radiation pressure acting on dust (Failed Radiatively Driven Dusty Outflow – FRADO). Next, we examine the cosmological constraints currently achievable with quasars, primarily concentrating on light echo methods (continuum time delays and spectral-line time delays to the continuum) that are (or should be) incorporating the progress mentioned above. Finally, we briefly discuss prospects in this lively subject area.
Pin-supported walls as seismic retrofit for existing RC frames: performance improvement through link removal
Authors: Casprini Elena , Belleri Andrea , Marini Alessandra , Passoni Chiara , Labò Simone 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPin-supported (PS) walls represent a possible solution for the seismic retrofit of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, enabling linearization of the frame deformation along its height and consequently inhibiting soft storey collapse mechanisms. The effectiveness of this rehabilitation technology is strongly related to the characteristics of the existing frames, especially to the vertical distribution of the frame storey lateral stiffness. Since a larger 1st storey lateral stiffness may lead to a detrimental structural response of the retrofitted system, an alternative solution obtained from removing the connecting link between the 1st floor of the existing building and the pin-supported wall is investigated in this paper. An analytical method is proposed to derive the distribution of the internal actions in a dual 2D RC frame-PS wall system without the link at the 1st floor level, considering both a linear and nonlinear behaviour of the frame. It emerges that some parameters describing the structure type can provide straightforward information on the suitability of this solution in the seismic retrofit of existing RC buildings. As a result, a simplified procedure has been derived to preliminarily define the retrofit system configuration and evaluate the maximum demand in the PS wall. Such a procedure is finally applied with reference to a frame representing a RC building and finite element model analyses are carried out for validation purposes.
Investigation of the similarities between NDVI maps from different proximal and remote sensing platforms in explaining vineyard variability
Authors: Kasimati A. , Psiroukis V. , Darra N. , Kalogrias A. , Kalivas D. , Taylor J. A. , Fountas S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVegetation indices (VI), especially the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), are used to determine management units (MU) and to explain quantity and quality of vineyard production. How do NDVI maps from different sensing technologies differ in a production context? What part of the variability of yield and quality can they explain? This study compares high-resolution multispectral, multi-temporal data from CropCircle, SpectroSense + GPS, Parrot Sequoia + multispectral camera equipped UAV, and Sentinel-2 imagery over two seasons (2019 and 2020). The objective was to assess whether the date of data collection (phenological growth stage) influences the correlations between NDVI and crop production. The comparison of vineyard NDVI data from proximal and remote sensing in both a statistical and a productive context showed strong similarities between NDVI values from similar sensors (0.69 < r < 0.96), but divergences between proximal and airborne/spaceborne observations. Exploratory correlation analysis between NDVI layers and grape yield and total soluble solids data (TSS) showed high correlations (maximum |r|= 0.91 and |r|= 0.74, respectively), with correlations increasing as the season progressed. No relationship with must titratable acidity or pH was found. Finally, proximal sensors explained better the variability in yield and quality for grapes in the early and late growth stages. The UAV's MUs described the yield of both years better than the other sensors. In 2019, the PCA-based MUs explained the TSS variability better than the UAV-related zones. Due to their coarse spatial resolution, the satellite data proved inconsistent in explaining the variability.
Determinants of High-tech Exports: New Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Navarro Zapata Amadeo , Arrazola María , de Hevia José 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh export capacity is a key element for sustained long-term economic growth. To achieve this goal, the technological sophistication of exports plays a key role. To enhance exports with a high level of technological sophistication, it is critical to target key drivers of high-tech exports. Hence, this article studies the determinants of international trade flows of manufactures according to their technological content in the case of OECD countries. Given a panel of 35 countries and 15 years (2004 to 2018), panel data estimation techniques are used in the analysis. In addition, two alternative measures have been considered to measure the importance of high-technology content manufacturing exports: High-tech manufacturing exports and high-tech manufacturing exports as a share of total employment. Results obtained show strong evidence of the relevance of variables such as gross fixed capital formation on total employment, the land area per capita, the percentage of university graduates relative to the population group, R&D expenditure in terms of GDP, the stock of inward foreign direct investment in terms of GDP, imports of high-tech manufactures as a share of GDP, the quality of national governance and regulation, the country population and EU membership as determinants of technology-intensive exports. Moreover, the findings have significant implications for trade and industrial policies in OECD countries, to ensure the effectiveness of policies targeting the technological upgrading of exports.
Night eating syndrome subtypes: differences in binge eating and food addiction symptoms
Authors: Echeverri Brenda , Kozak Andrea T. , Gildner Daniel J. , Pickett Scott M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the current study was to examine differences in binge eating and food addiction symptoms between Night Eating Syndrome (NES) latent subtypes: evening hyperphagia with nocturnal ingestions (EHNI), evening hyperphagia-only (EHO), and nocturnal ingestions-only (NIO). It was hypothesized that the EHNI group would report more binge eating behaviors and more food addiction symptoms than both the EHO and NIO groups. Further, it was hypothesized that the EHO and NIO groups would differ with the EHO group reporting more binge eating behaviors and the NIO group reporting more food addiction symptoms.MethodsParticipants completed measures online relating to night eating, binge eating, and food addiction. Average age of the final sample was 34.3 (SD = 10.5) and 62.0% were men. Responses to the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ; Allison et al., 2008) were used to create an EHNI group (n = 65), an EHO group (n = 32), and a NIO group (n = 69). ANOVAs were conducted to examine between-group differences on disordered eating symptoms.ResultsParticipants in the EHNI group reported more severe binge eating and food addiction symptoms than those in the EHO and NIO groups. However, there were no significant differences in binge eating or food addiction between the EHO and NIO groups.ConclusionIndividuals who meet both NES core criteria (evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestions) are likely at a higher risk for experiencing other, more severe disordered eating pathologies. Implications concerning assessment and future research on NES typology are discussed.Level of evidenceLevel V, cross-sectional descriptive study.