bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity in the Elective Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Colorectal Surgical Population: Prevalence and Implications for Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Tolkacz Michael , Reilly Danielle , Studzinski Diane M. , Callahan Rose E. , DeMare Alexander , Kawak Samer , Ziegler Matthew 
Published: September 2023

Background Food insecurity is defined as having limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate food. Approximately 10.5% of U.S. households are food-insecure. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence and postoperative implications of food insecurity in a diverse group of colorectal surgery patients admitted to a hospital in an area with a higher-than-average median income. Methods The 6-question Household Food Security Survey was added to the colorectal surgery ERAS program preoperative paperwork. Patient demographics, comorbidities, operative parameters, length of stay, and postoperative outcomes were collected by review of electronic medical records. Results A total of 294 ERAS patients (88.8%) completed the survey over an 11-month period. Thirty-three patients (11.2%) were identified as food-insecure. Food-insecure patients were more likely to be non-white ( P = .003), younger ( P = .009), smokers ( P = .004), chronic narcotic users ( P < .001), unmarried ( P = .007), and have more comorbidities ( P = .004). The food-insecure population had more frequent postoperative ileus ( P = .044). Hospital length of stay was significantly longer in food-insecure patients (8.6 days vs 5.4 days, P < .001). Food-insecure patients also had higher rates of >30-day mortality ( P = .049). Discussion Food insecurity was found to occur in patients that lived in communities deemed both affluent and distressed. These patients had longer hospital stays and higher mortality. A food insecurity questionnaire can easily identify patients at risk. Further investigations to mitigate these complications are warranted.
The use of extended reality (XR) in patient education: A critical perspective
Authors: Curran Vernon R , Hollett Ann 
Published: September 2023

Objective: Extended reality (XR) has emerged as an innovative educational modality that offers the potential for the creation of more interactive and engaging forms of patient education experiences and products. The purpose of this article is to describe the field of XR technologies and review its potential through a critical lens as well as its possible adoption as a mainstream technology for providing patient education in the future. Method: A review of the literature was undertaken to summarise the emerging evidence concerning the effectiveness of XR as a patient education modality. The findings of several reviews are summarised and a critical discussion of potential issues and challenges in the adoption and use of XR among particular marginalised populations are explored. Results: The emerging evidence suggests that different forms of XR technology applications have the potential to create immersive and engaging patient education experiences that can lead to enhanced patient satisfaction, positive educational outcomes and reduced patient anxiety. Nonetheless, there have been calls for greater consideration of how patient characteristics, including socioeconomic status, gender, cultural and generational differences, influence the learning effects of virtual reality educational applications, as well as its adoption and implementation for patient education purposes. Conclusion: The evidence surrounding the effectiveness of XR in patient education is growing; however, various factors could influence the successful adoption and implementation of XR in different patient populations who have traditionally experienced challenges with digital health literacy. The paper offers some recommendations for enhancing the evidence base and potential approaches to advance the design and evaluation of XR applications in patient education.
The effect of no oral antibiotic versus 7 days oral antibiotic during discharge in double J stented patients on stent related urinary tract infection: A randomized study
Authors: Negi Saurabh Kumar , Kumar Pritam , Desai Sandip , Vyas Nachiket , Priyadarshi Shivam 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To evaluate effects of 7 days oral antibiotic prophylaxis versus no antibiotics in the patients with DJ stents after 3 days iv antibiotic on discharge with respect to urinary tract infection and stent related symptoms. Material and methods: A prospective randomized study in 90 patients being stented post PCNL/URSL. Group A: no oral antibiotics was given at the time of discharge, Group B: 7 days of oral antibiotic was given at the time of discharge. Patients were followed up and outcomes were assessed in the form of lower urinary symptoms (LUTS), urine culture and sensitivity at 1 and 3 weeks and DJ stent culture and sensitivity on removal at 3 weeks. Results: There was no significant difference in age, gender, type of surgery (PCNL/URSL), duration of DJ stent between the two groups. Patients in group A and Group B have comparable UTI and stent related symptoms at 1 and 3 weeks respectively ( p = 0.95 and p = 0.916 respectively). Similarly, there were no marked difference in urine culture at 1 and 3 weeks, respectively between two groups ( p = 0.71 and p = 0.63, respectively). Overall there were no significant differences in Urinary symptoms, urine culture/sensitivity at 1 and 3 weeks and also DJ stent culture and sensitivity on removal at 3 weeks between the two groups. Conclusion: The incidence of UTI and stent related symptoms are same in both the groups. Therefore, prescribing oral antibiotics on discharge in selected patient with DJ stent has no added benefit and should be avoided.
Outcomes of State Targeted/Opioid Response Grants and the Medication First Approach: Evidence of Racial Inequities in Improved Treatment Access and Retention
Authors: Winograd Rachel , Budesa Zach , Banks Devin , Carpenter Ryan , Wood Claire A. , Duello Alex , Thater Paul , Smith Christine 
Published: September 2023

Background: Since 2017, Missouri has increased access to medication for opioid use disorder (OUD) within the State’s publicly-funded substance use specialty treatment system through a “Medication First” approach. Results from a statewide assessment of the first year of State Targeted Response implementation showed increases and improvements in overall treatment admissions, medication utilization, and treatment retention. The current study, which focuses on the St. Louis region, the epicenter of Missouri’s overdose crisis, examines whether improvements were experienced equally among Black and White clients. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis using state-level billing records for individuals with OUD receiving services through publicly-funded substance use treatment programs between July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2019, with claimed services updated through November 1, 2020. Comparisons across time periods, treatment groups, and Black and White clients were assessed using chi-square tests of independence and multivariate negative binomial regressions. Results: White individuals in St. Louis experienced larger increases in treatment admissions and utilization of medications for OUD than Black individuals, and Black clients were retained in treatment for shorter lengths of time than White clients. Conclusion: In Missouri, rates of drug overdose deaths are more than three times higher for Black people than White people. Racial inequities in OUD treatment utilization and retention must be intentionally targeted and corrected as one component of reducing this sizable disparity in fatalities.
A 20-year multicentre retrospective review of optic nerve sheath fenestration outcomes
Authors: El-Masri Shaddy , Wilson Matthew , Goh Jonathan , Sanfilippo Paul , Fok Anthony , Hardy Thomas , Chakrabarti Rahul , Van Der Walt Anneke 
Published: September 2023

Background: Optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) longitudinal outcomes remain unclear and are vital in the assessment of vision failure in patients with raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Furthermore, limited observational data exists regarding its use in other causes of raised ICP. Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of ONSF for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), and other indications. Method: Multicentre study from a tertiary hospital and specialty eye referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia, from July 2000 to December 2020. A total of 116 eyes from 70 patients undergoing ONSF were retrospectively reviewed with patient demographics, surgery indications, visual acuity (VA), visual fields, fundus photos of optic discs, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, average thickness of optic discs on optical coherence tomography (OCT), and complications recorded. Parametric tests were used to compare the treatment groups pre- and post-operatively. Results: A total of 116 eyes from 70 patients underwent ONSF, which involved 92 eyes with IIH, 9 eyes with CVST, and 15 eyes with other aetiologies (‘Other’). Post ONSF, there was a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement or stabilisation in 84% of patients in all groups, with 50% achieving a BCVA of 6/6 or better at the final follow-up. RNFL, visual fields, and fundus grades all trended towards improvement, with most improvement noted by day 360. Common complications included transient diplopia ( n = 29, 25%) and worsening of visual function requiring further cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures ( n = 20, 17%). Complications were most significant in the ‘Other’ group with 1/3 of eyes requiring further CSF diversion procedures. Conclusion: Our data demonstrates effectiveness in the use of ONSF in papilloedema with visual failure due to IIH or CVST and when other CSF diversion procedures or medical therapies have failed.
Long-COVID-19 clinical and health outcomes: an umbrella review
Authors: Li Hu , Xia Jin , Bennett Dimitri , Roque Fatima , Bam Rujuta A. , Tavares Ana Bárbara Tadeu , Gokhale Mugdha , Ida Fidelia , Rhee Jinnie Jiwon , Soriano Gabarro Montse , Song Yiqing 
Published: September 2023

Background: A growing interest in long-term sequelae of COVID-19 has prompted several systematic literature reviews (SLRs) to evaluate long-COVID-19 effects. However, many of these reviews lack in-depth information on the timing, duration, and severity of these conditions. Objectives: Our aim was to synthesize both qualitative and quantitative evidence on prevalence and outcomes of long-term effect of COVID-19 through an umbrella review. Design: Umbrella review of relevant SLRs on long-COVID-19 in terms of prolonged symptoms and clinical conditions, and comprehensively synthesized the latest existing evidence. Data Sources and Methods: We systematically identified and appraised prior systematic reviews/meta-analyses using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane database of systematic review from 2020 to 2021 following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidance. We summarized and categorized all relevant clinical symptoms and outcomes in adults with COVID-19 using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities System Organ Class (MedDRA SOC). Results: We identified 967 systematic reviews/meta-analyses; 36 were retained for final data extraction. The most prevalent SOC were social circumstances (40%), blood and lymphatic system disorders (39%), and metabolism and nutrition disorder (38%). The most frequently reported SOC outcomes within each MedDRA category were poor quality of life (59%), wheezing and dyspnea (19−49%), fatigue (30−64%), chest pain (16%), decreased or loss of appetite (14–17%), abdominal discomfort or digestive disorder (12−18%), arthralgia with or without myalgia (16–24%), paresthesia (27%) and hair loss (14–25%), and hearing loss or tinnitus (15%). Conclusion: This study confirmed a high prevalence of several long COVID-19 outcomes according to the MedDRA categories and indicated that the majority of evidence was rated as moderate to low. Registration: The review was registered at PROSPERO ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ) (CRD42022303557).
Depletion of transit amplifying cells in the adult brain does not affect quiescent neural stem cell pool size
Authors: Zaki Zakiyyah Munirah Mohd , Kuroda Anri , Morimura Naoko , Hayashi Yoshitaka , Hitoshi Seiji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in the adult mammalian brain throughout the animal’s lifespan. NSCs in the subependymal zone infrequently divide and generate transit amplifying cells, which are destined to become olfactory bulb neurons. When transit amplifying cells are depleted, they are replenished by the quiescent NSC pool. However, the cellular basis for this recovery process remains largely unknown. In this study, we traced NSCs and their progeny after transit amplifying cells were eliminated by intraventricular infusion of cytosine β-D-arabinofuranoside. We found that although the number of neurosphere-forming NSCs decreased shortly after the treatment, they were restored to normal levels 3 weeks after the cessation of treatment. More importantly, the depletion of transit amplifying cells did not induce a significant expansion of the NSC pool by symmetric divisions. Our data suggest that the size of the NSC pool is hardly affected by brain damage due to antimitotic drug treatment.
Human NCR3 gene variants rs2736191 and rs11575837 alter longitudinal risk for development of pediatric malaria episodes and severe malarial anemia
Authors: Onyango Clinton O. , Cheng Qiuying , Munde Elly O. , Raballah Evans , Anyona Samuel B. , McMahon Benjamin H. , Lambert Christophe G. , Onyango Patrick O. , Schneider Kristan A. , Perkins Douglas J. , Ouma Collins 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in holoendemic transmission areas. Severe malarial anemia [SMA, hemoglobin (Hb) < 5.0 g/dL in children] is the most common clinical manifestation of severe malaria in such regions. Although innate immune response genes are known to influence the development of SMA, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in malaria pathogenesis remains largely undefined. As such, we examined the impact of genetic variation in the gene encoding a primary NK cell receptor, natural cytotoxicity-triggering receptor 3 (NCR3), on the occurrence of malaria and SMA episodes over time.

Methods
Susceptibility to malaria, SMA, and all-cause mortality was determined in carriers of NCR3 genetic variants (i.e., rs2736191:C > G and rs11575837:C > T) and their haplotypes. The prospective observational study was conducted over a 36 mos. follow-up period in a cohort of children (n = 1,515, aged 1.9–40 mos.) residing in a holoendemic P. falciparum transmission region, Siaya, Kenya.

Results
Poisson regression modeling, controlling for anemia-promoting covariates, revealed a significantly increased risk of malaria in carriers of the homozygous mutant allele genotype (TT) for rs11575837 after multiple test correction [Incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.540, 95% CI = 1.114–2.129, P = 0.009]. Increased risk of SMA was observed for rs2736191 in children who inherited the CG genotype (IRR = 1.269, 95% CI = 1.009–1.597, P = 0.041) and in the additive model (presence of 1 or 2 copies) (IRR = 1.198, 95% CI = 1.030–1.393, P = 0.019), but was not significant after multiple test correction. Modeling of the haplotypes revealed that the CC haplotype had a significant additive effect for protection against SMA (i.e., reduced risk for development of SMA) after multiple test correction (IRR = 0.823, 95% CI = 0.711–0.952, P = 0.009). Although increased susceptibility to SMA was present in carriers of the GC haplotype (IRR = 1.276, 95% CI = 1.030–1.581, P = 0.026) with an additive effect (IRR = 1.182, 95% CI = 1.018–1.372, P = 0.029), the results did not remain significant after multiple test correction. None of the NCR3 genotypes or haplotypes were associated with all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
Variation in NCR3 alters susceptibility to malaria and SMA during the acquisition of naturally-acquired malarial immunity. These results highlight the importance of NK cells in the innate immune response to malaria.
Genome-wide analysis of the AP2/ERF gene family in Tritipyrum and the response of TtERF_B2-50 in salt-tolerance
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Zhou Guangyi , Chen Songshu , Jia Zhenzhen , Zhang Suqin , Ren Mingjian , He Fang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe AP2/ERF transcription factor is widely distributed across the plant kingdom and plays a crucial role in various abiotic stress responses in plants. Tritipyrum, an octoploid resulting from an intergeneric cross between Triticum aestivum (AABBDD) and Thinopyrum elongatum (EE), is a valuable source of germplasm for incorporating superior traits of Th. elongatum into T. aestivum. With the recent availability of whole -genome sequences for T. aestivum and Th. elongatum, we explored the organization and expression profiling of Tritipyrum AP2/ERF genes across the entire genome. Our investigation identified 543 Tritipyrum AP2/ERF genes, which evolutionary analysis categorized into four major groups (AP2, DREB, ERF, and RAV), whose members share a conserved motif composition. These 543 TtAP2/ERF genes were distributed throughout 28 chromosomes, with 132 duplications. Synteny analysis suggests that the AP2/ERF gene family may have a common ancestor. Transcriptome data and Real-Time PCR expression profiles revealed 43 TtAP2/ERF genes with high expression levels in response to various salt stressors and recovery regimens. Tel2E01T236300 (TtERF_B2-50) was particularly salt stress-sensitive and evolutionarily related to the salt-tolerant gene AtERF7 in A. thaliana. Pearson correlation analysis identified 689 genes positively correlated (R > 0.9) with TtERF_B2-50 expression, enriched in metabolic activities, cellular processes, stimulus response, and biological regulation. Real-time PCR showed that TtERF_B2-50 was highly expressed in roots, stems, and leaves under salt stress. These findings suggest that TtERF_B2-50 may be associated with salt stress tolerance and may serve as a valuable foreign gene for enhancing salt tolerance in wheat.
Association between transabdominal uterine artery Doppler and small-for-gestational-age: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhi Ruijuan , Tao Xiangping , Li Qingtao , Yu Ming , Li Honge 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The association between uterine artery Doppler (UtA) measurements and small for gestational age (SGA) has not been quantitatively analyzed throughout the whole pregnancy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to comprehensively explore the association between UtA measurements and SGA in the first, second, and third trimesters.

Methods
Studies were searched from Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Weighted mean difference (WMD), odds ratio (OR), and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the effect size. Heterogeneity of all effect sizes was tested and quantified using I2 statistics. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for all outcomes, and publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s test.

Results
A total of 41 studies were finally included in our meta-analysis. In the first trimester, mean PI was significantly higher in the SGA group than the non-SGA group (WMD: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.19–0.44). In the second trimester, odds of notch presence (OR: 2.54, 95%CI: 2.10–3.08), mean PI (WMD: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.12–0.30), and mean RI (WMD: 0.05, 95%CI: 0.05–0.06) were higher in the SGA group. Also, abnormal UtA measurements were associated with the increased odds of SGA (all P < 0.05). In the third trimester, PI z-score (WMD: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.33–0.91) and PI MoM (WMD: 0.08, 95%CI: 0.06–0.09) showed a significant increase in the SGA group. The odds of SGA were higher in the women with mean PI > 95% (OR: 6.03, 95%CI: 3.24–11.24).

Conclusions
Abnormal UtA measurements were associated with high odds of SGA, suggesting that UtA might be an adjunctive screening method for SGA in the whole pregnancy.
Characterization of Transferrable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance (TMQR) among Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing Urinary Tract Infection in Nepalese Children
Authors: Shrestha Raj Kumar , Thapa Ashmita , Shrestha Dhruba , Pokhrel Sabi , Aryal Anubhav , Adhikari Rupika , Shrestha Nipun , Dhoubhadel Bhim Gopal , Parry Christopher M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Transferrable mechanisms of quinolone resistance (TMQR) can lead to fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility in addition to chromosomal mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing among the pediatric population. We sought to determine the occurrence of TMQR genes among quinolone-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae causing urinary tract infections among Nepalese outpatient children (< 18 years) and identify molecular characteristics of TMQR-harboring isolates.

Methods
We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phenotypic extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and modified carbapenem inactivation method tests, and investigated the presence of six TMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, oqxAB, qepA), three ESBL genes (blaCTX−M, blaTEM, blaSHV), and five carbapenemase genes (blaNDM, blaOXA−48, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM). The quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC were sequenced for 35 TMQR-positive isolates.

Results
A total of 74/147 (50.3%) isolates were TMQR positive by multiplex PCR [aac(6’)-Ib-cr in 48 (32.7%), qnrB in 23 (15.7%), qnrS in 18 (12.3%), qnrA in 1 (0.7%), and oqxAB in 1 (0.7%) isolate]. The median ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration of TMQR-positive isolates (64 µg/mL) was two-fold higher than those without TMQR (32 µg/mL) (p = 0.004). Ser-83→Leu and Asp-87→Asn in GyrA and Ser-80→Ile in ParC were the most common QRDR mutations (23 of 35). In addition, there was a statistically significant association between TMQR and two β-lactamase genes; blaCTX−M (p = 0.037) and blaTEM (p = 0.000).

Conclusion
This study suggests a high prevalence of TMQR among the quinolone-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates causing urinary tract infection in children in this area of Nepal and an association with the carriage of ESBL gene. This is a challenge for the management of urinary infections in children. Comprehensive prospective surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in these common pathogens will be necessary to devise strategies to mitigate the emergence of further resistance.