bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology
Authors: Clinquart Justine , van Leenen Katharina , Bokma Jade , Pardon Bart 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (nBAL) is routinely performed in calves, and airway cytology has great potential in airway disease diagnostics. A good reference framework for nBAL cytology is lacking.ObjectivesTo distinguish different cytological profiles in nBAL from grouped housed calves using cluster analysis, and characterize these profiles on individual and herd levels.AnimalsThree hundred thirty‐eight group‐housed calves from 60 herds (mainly dairy and beef ).MethodsCross‐sectional study. Differential counts of white blood cells were determined on nBAL fluid, followed by differentiation of cytological profiles by K‐means‐based cluster analysis. These profiles were characterized by reference values, decision tree analysis, and associations with clinical, ultrasonographic, bacteriological, and cytological features.ResultsA normal (55.9%), a neutrophilic (41.1%), and an eosinophilic profile (3.0%) were identified. The normal profile was characterized by reference values of 2.3% to 47.4% neutrophils, 35.1% to 95.1% macrophages, 0.4 to 22.9% lymphocytes, and 0.0% to 0.9% eosinophils. The neutrophilic profile was characterized by ≥44.5% neutrophils, <1.6% eosinophils, and <11.5% lymphocytes. This profile was associated with the isolation of Pasteurella multocida, the presence of neutrophils with toxic granulation, and the presence of phagocytosed bacteria in neutrophils. The eosinophilic profile was characterized by eosinophils ≥1.6% (neutrophilia present) or ≥2.4% (neutrophilia absent), and associated with the presence of mast cells. On herd level, the neutrophilic and eosinophilic profiles were present in 85.0% and 15.0% of the herds, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study provides a first step in the development of cytological guidelines, aiding the assessment of airway health and inflammation in calves through nBAL fluid cytology.
Effects of folate deficiency and sex on carcinogenesis in a mouse model of oral cancer
Authors: Pitstick Lenore , Goral Joanna , Ciancio Mae J. , Meyer Alice , Pytynia Matthew , Bychek Sofia , Zidan Safia , Shuey Jennifer , Jham Bruno C. , Green Jacalyn M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effects of dietary folate and sex on histopathology of oral squamous cell carcinoma in mice.Materials and MethodsMice (C57Bl/6, 30/sex) were fed either a deficient folate or sufficient folate diet. Vehicle or 4‐nitroquinoline1‐oxide (50 μg/mL) in vehicle were administered in drinking water for 20 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of regular drinking water. Oral lesions were observed weekly. Tongues were studied for histopathologic changes. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to measure cell proliferation (Ki67+), and to quantify expression of folate receptor, reduced folate carrier, and proton‐coupled folate transporter. T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils were counted and normalized to area.ResultsAll 4NQO‐treated mice developed oral tumors. Dietary folate level did not affect tumor burden. More tumors were observed on the ventral aspect of the tongue than in other locations within the oral cavity. 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide‐treated mice displayed 27%–46% significantly lower expression of all three folate transport proteins; diet and sex had no effect on folate transporter expression. T‐cell and neutrophil infiltration in tongues were 9.1‐fold and 18.1‐fold increased in the 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide‐treated mouse tongues than in controls.ConclusionTreatment with 4NQO was the primary factor in determining cancer development, decreased folate transport expression, and lymphoid cell infiltration.
Cora Diamond on the concept of ethics
Authors: Burleigh Barnaby 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIs ethics about anything? Cora Diamond has famously argued that ethics lacks a subject matter by providing a variety of examples of ethical discourse, which, she claims, are ethically significant without being about anything ethical. They do not have a moral subject matter, but are nonetheless instances of moral thinking. This raises the question what it means for a piece of discourse to be moral. What does Diamond mean by the concept of ethics? Diamond never gives this question a direct answer, which is a cause for concern, among other things because there is reason to worry that any workable account of the concept of ethics will lead back to the idea that ethics has a subject matter. I explain how this worry can be averted by construing the concept of ethics as a family resemblance concept.
The Historical Presidency: “Something uniquely sinister in U.S. history”: New evidence on the Truman administration's 1951 investigation of the China Lobby
Authors: Hartnett Stephen J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArchival evidence sheds new light on the Truman administration's 1951 investigation into the “China Lobby” and its links to McCarthyism. Truman's advisors suspected connections among illicit funding streams generated by Chiang Kai‐shek's Nationalist regime in Formosa, illegal lobbying by unregistered agents, and a barrage of anti‐Communist propaganda from activists connected to McCarthy and the “China Lobby.” The White House worried that by flooding America's public discourse with charges of treason, the alleged conspirators were destabilizing the nation's ability to engage in reasoned deliberation about foreign policy. However, the White House could not persuade any congressional committees to manage an investigation, so it instead ran an executive operation that produced tantalizing clues but no prosecutable conclusions. Rather than proving its suspicions, the investigation created confusion and sowed doubts about Truman's judgment. Analyzing the administration's investigation provides new insights into the confusions and contradictions besetting America's grappling with the early Cold War and offers lessons on how not to defend democracy in a time of crisis.
Can some food/medicinal plants directly affect porcine ovarian granulosa cells and mitigate the toxic effect of toluene?
Authors: Sirotkin Alexander V. , Macejková Martina , Tarko Adam , Fabova Zuzana , Harrath Abdel Halim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe action of buckwheat, rooibos and vitex on healthy female reproductive systems, as well as their ability to mitigate the reproductive toxicity of environmental contaminant toluene have not yet been examined. We analysed the influence of toluene (0, 10, 100 or 1000 ng/mL) with and without these plant extracts (10 μg/mL) on cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Cell viability, proliferation (PCNA accumulation), apoptosis (accumulation of bax) and release of progesterone (P) and oestradiol (E) were measured. Toluene reduced ovarian cell viability and proliferation, increased apoptosis and suppressed E but not P release. Plant extracts, given alone, were also able to directly suppress some ovarian cell functions. The addition of buckwheat promoted toluene action on cell viability, proliferation and P release, but it did not modify other toluene effects. Rooibos mitigated toluene action on cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis but promoted its action on P and E. The addition of vitex mitigated all the tested toluene effects. These observations: (1) demonstrate the direct toxic influence of toluene on ovarian cells, (2) demonstrate the ability of food/medicinal plants to either promote or mitigate toluene effects and (3) suggest that vitex could be a natural protector against the suppressive effect of toluene on female reproduction.
Attachment‐based family therapy versus nondirective supportive therapy for lesbian, gay, bisexual and questioning adolescents with depression, and suicidal ideation: An exploratory study
Authors: Russon Jody , Abbott Caroline H. , Jin Bora , Rivers Alannah Shelby , Winston‐Lindeboom Payne , Kobak Roger , Diamond Guy S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionLesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) adolescents are particularly at risk for suicidal ideation; however, little clinical research is focused on treating this population. Attachment‐based family therapy (ABFT) is among the few empirically supported youth suicide treatments adapted for LGBQ adolescents. The purpose of this exploratory study is to determine the differential treatment effects and rates of change for LGBQ and heterosexual adolescents with depression and suicidal ideation receiving either ABFT or family enhanced nondirective supportive therapy (FE‐NST).MethodThe sample included 129 adolescents (31% LGBQ), ages 12–18 randomized to the two treatment groups. Multilevel modeling was used to examine individual changes in depression and suicidal ideation over the 16‐week treatment.ResultsResults revealed that LGBQ adolescents in the ABFT condition showed a greater rate of reduction in depressive symptoms over treatment, slope = −0.94, p < 0.001, than did LGBQ adolescents in the NST condition, slope = −0.41, p = 0.12. Heterosexual adolescents showed symptom reduction in both treatment conditions (ABFT slope = −0.47, p < 0.001; NST slope = −0.79, t (113) = −7.48, p < 0.001). Changes in suicidal ideation were found across time, but not across conditions.ConclusionLGBQ adolescents in the ABFT condition had a sharper decrease in depressive symptoms and better outcomes at week 16.
Introduction of EUBIS standards to upgrade inspections of blood establishments to improve the safety of blood transfusion: The Polish experience
Authors: Lachert Elżbieta , Antoniewicz‐Papis Jolanta , Mikołowska Agata , Kubis Jolanta , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Łętowska Magdalena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe competent authority (CA) responsible for external inspections of Polish blood establishments (BEs) and supervision of the quality system is the Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (IHTM). Before the implementation of the European Blood Inspection System (EuBIS) classification of non‐compliance, the IHTM inspections were conducted according to national guidelines and the non‐compliance‐related recommendations were based on the inspectors' own experience and interpretation of the observed problems. Since 2009, IHTM inspections were already performed according to EuBIS guidelines. The study assessed the impact of the EuBIS classification on the IHTM recommendations. We assumed that the implementation of consistent assessment criteria contributed to the upgrading of the quality of BE inspections.Materials and MethodsBE‐inspection protocols; 30 from 2009 to 2010 and 61 from 2016 to 2019. Non‐compliance‐related recommendations were classified according to the seriousness of non‐compliances (critical, major, other significant, and observation) and also to the area of BE activity (documentation, organisation of work, qualification and validation, pathway from donor qualification to blood component‐issue, quality control of blood components, adverse events and reactions).ResultsThe recommendations mostly referred to document‐keeping and work organisation and were distributed as follows: 2009–2 critical (others unclassified), 2010–1‐13 major, 4–25 other significant and 1–7 suggestions, 2016–2019–3‐9 critical, 90–196 major, and 157–297 other significant as well as 14–22 suggestions.ConclusionPolish BEs still require: integrated document management, analysis of IHTM recommendations, implementation of corrective and preventive measures and personnel training in identifying similar non‐compliances in other procedures.
A retrospective study of treatment, outcome, recurrence and concurrent diseases in 190 dogs with anal sacculitis
Authors: Hvitman‐Graflund Katinka , Sparks Tim , Varjonen Katarina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies report the treatment and recurrence rate in anal sacculitis (AS).ObjectivesRetrospective study reporting the management, recurrence and concurrent diseases in dogs with AS in a primary care practice.AnimalsOne hundred and ninety privately owned dogs in Sweden.Materials and MethodsClinical records of dogs diagnosed with AS between 2018 and 2021 were reviewed, and management, time until clinical resolution, number of recurrent episodes and comorbidites were recorded.ResultsThe 190 dogs developed 290 episodes of AS. The most common management, in 235 of 290 (81.0%) episodes, was flushing ± infusion of an antimicrobial product into the sacs ± prescription of a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID), providing resolution in 213 of 235 (90.6%) episodes. Median time to resolution was one week (range 1–16 weeks), with resolution seen within one week in 205 of 290 (70.7%) episodes. A single episode of AS developed in 126 of 190 (66.3%) dogs. Dogs with concurrent cutaneous allergic disease were more likely (p < 0.001) to have recurrence of AS when compared to dogs with other comorbidities. Cutaneous allergic disease occurred more often (p < 0.001) in dogs with AS than in the practice population.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceLocal treatment of the anal sacs ± systemic NSAID was the most common treatment, inducing clinical resolution in the majority of dogs. Cutaneous allergic disease was the most common concurrent diagnosis, with higher recurrence rate of AS compared to other diseases and occurring in higher prevalence than in the practice population. Further studies are needed to determine if management of cutaneous allergic disease would reduce the risk of AS.
Can the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise Prevent Groin Injuries in Soccer Players? A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Quintana-Cepedal Marcos , de la Calle Omar , Olmedillas Hugo 
Published: September 2023

Clinical Scenario: Injuries that affect the groin region are among the most common in football players. To prevent this condition, studies have focused on strengthening the adductors, hip flexors, or abdominal muscles. Recent investigations have used an eccentric-biased exercise (Copenhagen Adduction Exercise [CAE]) that promotes functional and architectural adaptations in the muscle tissue, though its effect on injury risk reduction is unknown. Clinical Question: Can the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise prevent groin injuries in soccer players? Summary of Key Findings: The literature was searched for studies investigating the potential groin injury risk reduction effect of the CAE. (1) Three studies met the inclusion criteria and were used for this appraisal; (2) one study observed a significantly lower injury rate ratio favoring the group that used the CAE program; and (3) 2 studies found similar or higher injury rates in the intervention groups, not supporting the inclusion of the CAE as a preventative tool. Clinical Bottom Line: There is conflicting evidence that usage of the CAE is superior to not performing adductor strengthening exercises in mitigating the risk of sustaining groin injuries. Given the evidence supporting these findings, it is advisable to exercise caution when contemplating the incorporation of the CAE into training regimens aimed at preventing groin injuries. Strength of Recommendation: There is Grade B evidence to suggest that inclusion of the CAE may not be associated with reduced injury rates.
Biofilm formation by heat-resistant dairy bacteria: multispecies biofilm model under static and dynamic conditions
Authors: Diarra Carine , Goetz Coralie , Gagnon Mérilie , Roy Denis , Jean Julie 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

In the food industry, especially dairy, biofilms can be formed by heat-resistant spoilage and pathogenic bacteria from the farm. Such biofilms may persist throughout the processing chain and contaminate milk and dairy products continuously, increasing equipment cleaning, maintenance costs, and product recalls. Most biofilms are multispecies, yet most studies focus on single-species models. A multispecies model of dairy biofilm was developed under static and dynamic conditions using heat-resistant
Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thermophilus,
and
Rothia kristinae
isolated from dairies.
C. tyrobutiricum
and
R. kristinae
were weak producers of biofilm, whereas the other four were moderate to strong producers. Based on cross-streaking on agar,
P. aeruginosa
was found to inhibit
B. licheniformis
and
E. faecalis
. In multispecies biofilm formed on stainless steel in a CDC reactor fed microfiltered milk, the strong biofilm producers were dominant while the weak producers were barely detectable. All biofilm matrices were dispersed easily by proteinase K treatment but were less sensitive to DNase or carbohydrases. Further studies are needed to deepen our understanding of multispecies biofilms and interactions within to develop improved preventive strategies to control the proliferation of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in dairies and other food processing environments.

IMPORTANCE
A model of multispecies biofilm was created to study biofilm formation by heat-resistant bacteria in the dairy industry. The biofilm formation potential was evaluated under static conditions. A continuous flow version was then developed to study multispecies biofilm formed on stainless steel in microfiltered milk under dynamic conditions encountered in dairy processing equipment. The study of biofilm composition and bacterial interactions therein will lead to more effective means of suppressing bacterial growth on food processing equipment and contamination of products with spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, which represent considerable economic loss.
Genetic signatures associated with the virulence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus AH2012/12
Authors: Peng Qi , Fan Baochao , Song Xu , He Wenlong , Wang Chuanhong , Zhao Yongxiang , Guo Weilu , Zhang Xue , Liu Shiyu , Gao Jie , Li Kemang , Zhang Baotai , Zhou Jinzhu , Li Yunchuan , Guo Rongli , Li Bin 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic swine coronavirus causing severe diarrhea and high mortality to piglets. PEDV strain AH2012/12 isolated from a diarrheal piglet has been passaged
in vitro
for over 102 passages. Viral infection assay revealed that PEDV AH2012/12-P102 (the 102nd passage of AH2012/12) showed an enhanced fusogenicity than the wild-type AH2012/12. Animal experiments demonstrated that AH2012/12-P102 is an attenuated PEDV strain as shown by the evidence of no mortality, extremely low virus shedding, and no sign of diarrhea in the AH2012/12-P102 challenged piglets. Compared with AH2012/12, AH2012/12-P102 had two obvious deletions in the genome, one deletion is in the S1 gene and the second deletion contains the carboxy-terminus of the S2 gene and the start codon of ORF3. Using the reverse genetic system of PEDV, we generated a series of recombinant PEDVs with deletions based on the deletion in the genome of AH2012/12-P102. Viral infection assays indicated that the second deletion could enhance the fusogenicity of PEDV AH2012/12. Animal experiments showed that the first deletion could reduce the virulence but not fully attenuate AH2012/12, but the second deletion could attenuate PEDV AH2012/12
in vivo
. Further animal experiments indicated that the recombinant PEDV with deleted carboxy-terminus of S gene induced higher IgG, IgA, neutralization antibodies, and protection effects against virus challenge than the killed vaccine. Collectively, our data demonstrated two genetic features associated with the virulence of PEDV AH2012/12 and provided a promising method for the development of attenuated vaccine candidates for PEDV.

IMPORTANCE

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by PED virus (PEDV) remains a big threat to the swine industry worldwide. Vaccination with live attenuated vaccine is a promising method to prevent and control PED, because it can elicit a more protective immunity than the killed vaccine, subunit vaccine, and so on. In this study, we found two obvious deletions in the genome of a high passage of AH2012/12. We further confirmed the second deletion which contains seven amino acids at the carboxy-terminus of the S2 gene and the start codon of ORF3 can reduce its pathogenicity
in vivo
. Animal experiments indicated that the recombinant PEDV with deleted carboxy-terminus of S gene showed higher IgG, IgA, neutralization antibodies, and protection effects against virus challenge than the killed vaccine. These data reveal that the engineering of the carboxy-terminus of the S2 gene may be a promising method to develop live attenuated vaccine candidates of PEDV.
Cx43-mediated hyphal folding counteracts phagosome integrity loss during fungal infection
Authors: Cristovao Beatriz , Rodrigues Lisa , Catarino Steve , Abreu Monica , Gonçalves Teresa , Domingues Neuza , Girao Henrique 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Phagolysosomes are crucial organelles during the elimination of pathogens by host cells. The maintenance of their membrane integrity is vital during stressful conditions, such as during
Candida albicans
infection. As the fungal hyphae grow, the phagolysosome membrane expands to ensure that the growing fungus remains entrapped. Additionally, actin structures surrounding the hyphae-containing phagosome were recently described to damage and constrain these pathogens inside the host vacuoles by inducing their folding. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the phagosome membrane adaptation during this extreme expansion process is still unclear. The main goal of this study was to unveil the interplay between phagosomal membrane integrity and folding capacity of
C. albicans
-infected macrophages. We show that components of the repair machinery are gradually recruited to the expanding phagolysosomal membrane and that their inhibition diminishes macrophage folding capacity. Through an analysis of an RNAseq data set of
C. albicans-
infected macrophages, we identified Cx43, a gap junction protein, as a putative player involved in the interplay between lysosomal homeostasis and actin-related processes. Our findings further reveal that Cx43 is recruited to expand phagosomes and potentiates the hyphal folding capacity of macrophages, promoting their survival. Additionally, we reveal that Cx43 can act as an anchor for complexes involved in Arp2-mediated actin nucleation during the assembly of actin rings around hyphae-containing phagosomes. Overall, this work brings new insights on the mechanisms by which macrophages cope with
C. albicans
infection ascribing to Cx43 a new noncanonical regulatory role in phagosome dynamics during pathogen phagocytosis.

IMPORTANCE

Invasive candidiasis is a life-threatening fungal infection that can become increasingly resistant to treatment. Thus, strategies to improve immune system efficiency, such as the macrophage response during the clearance of the fungal infection, are crucial to ameliorate the current therapies. Engulfed
Candida albicans
, one of the most common
Candida
species, is able to quickly transit from yeast-to-hypha form, which can elicit a phagosomal membrane injury and ultimately lead to macrophage death. Here, we extend the understanding of phagosome membrane homeostasis during the hypha expansion and folding process. We found that loss of phagosomal membrane integrity decreases the capacity of macrophages to fold the hyphae. Furthermore, through a bioinformatic analysis, we reveal a new window of opportunities to disclose the mechanisms underlying the hyphal constraining process. We identified Cx43 as a new weapon in the armamentarium to tackle infection by potentiating hyphal folding and promoting macrophage survival.