bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A short fragment of mitochondrial DNA for the taxonomic identification of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in northwestern South America
Authors: Amat Eduardo , Gómez Giovan F , López-Rubio Andrés , Gómez-Piñerez Luz M , Albertino Rafael Jose 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBlow flies are of medical, sanitary, veterinary, and forensic importance. Their accurate taxonomic identification is essential for their use in applied research. However, neotropical fauna has not been completely studied or described, and taxa identification without the required training is a difficult task. Additionally, the current morphological keys are not fitting to all extant taxa. Molecular-based approaches are widely used to overcome these issues, including the standard 5ʹ COI barcode fragment (~650 base pairs [bp]) for identification at the species level. Here, a shorter sequence of 5ʹ COI fragment (~342 bp) was assessed for the identification of 28 blow fly species inhabiting the northwest of South America. One tree-based (the generalized mixed Yule-coalescent—GMYC) and 3 distance-based approaches (automatic barcode gap discover – ABGD, the best close match – BCM, and the nearest neighbor – NN) analyses were performed. Noticeably, the amplification and sequencing of samples that had been preserved for up to 57 years were successful. The tree topology assigned 113 sequences to a specific taxon (70% effectiveness), while the distance approach assigned to 95 (59% effectiveness). The short fragment allowed the molecular identification of 19 species (60% of neotropical species except for the Lucilia species and Hemilucilia semidiaphana). According to these findings, the taxonomic and faunistic considerations of the blow fly fauna were provided. Overall, the short fragment approach constitutes an optimal species confirmation tool for the most common blow flies in northwestern South America.
Molecular and phenotypical findings of a novel de novo SYNGAP1 gene variant in an 11-year-old Iranian boy with intellectual disability
Authors: Mir Atefeh , Song Yongjun , Lee Hane , Nadeali Zakiye , Akbarian Fahimeh , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
Intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) type 5 is an autosomal dominant (AD) disorder and is characterized by intellectual disability (ID), psychomotor developmental delay, variable autism phenotypes, microcephaly, and seizure. IDD can be caused by mutations in the SYNGAP1 gene, which encodes a Ras GTPase-activating protein. This study revealed a novel de novo nonsense variant in SYNGAP1. The identification of such variants is essential for genetic counseling in patients and their families.

Methods
Exome sequencing implicated the causative variant. Sanger sequencing and cosegregation analyses were used to confirm the variant. Multiple in silico analysis tools were applied to interpret the variant using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines.

Results
The de novo NM_006772.3(SYNGAP1):c.3685C&gt;T variant was identified in an 11-year-old boy with severe intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental delay, speech disorder, ataxia, specific dysmorphic facial features, and aggressive behavior.

Conclusion
The current study findings expand the existing knowledge of variants in SYNGAP1 that have been previously associated with nonsyndromic intellectual disability and autism, extending the spectrum of phenotypes associated with this gene. The data have implications for genetic diagnosis and counseling in similar phenotypic presentations.
Prime spectrums of EQ-algebras
Authors: Zhao Bin , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to study prime spectrums of EQ-algebras and to solve two open problems about $\wedge $-prime spectrums of involutive and prelinear EQ-algebras, which were proposed by N. Akhlaghinia, R.A. Borzooei and M. A. Kologani. In order to do so, we first give some characterizations of preideals, prime preideals and maximal preideals on (good) EQ-algebras, respectively. Then we introduce the notion of quasi De Morgan EQ-algebras (MEQ-algebras for short) and obtain that $\wedge $-prime preideals coincide with prime preideals for MEQ-algebras, and each involutive EQ-algebra is an MEQ-algebra. Following, we show that the prime spectrum space of a good EQ-algebra is a compact topological space and obtain that for any involutive EQ-algebra the prime spectrum space is connected if and only if its Boolean center is indeed 2-element. Also, we prove that the maximal spectrum space of a good and prelinear EQ-algebra (or an involutive and prelinear EQ-algebra) is a normal Hausdorff space. These results totally answer the above two open problems. Finally, we give some characterizations of the spectrum space of an MEQ-algebra by its reticulation.
Chemical homogeneity and sulfur deficiency in the early B-type stars of the λ Orionis group
Authors: Elmaslı Aslı , Ünal Kübra Özge 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed abundance analysis of nine early B-type stars in the λ Orionis group. High- and medium-resolution spectra of the target stars were observed at the Ankara University Kreiken Observatory or acquired from the European Southern Observatory and Observatoire de Haute-Provence archives. The atmospheric parameters of each star were estimated from the hydrogen Balmer, ionized silicone, and helium lines. Non-LTE model atmosphere calculations determined the precise abundances of helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, and iron from the spectra of each target star. While the abundances of the light elements He, C, N, O, Ne, Si, and also Fe are close to solar, Mg, Al, and S are deficient, and Ar is overabundant compared to the Sun. The phosphorus absorption lines were only accessible on the optical spectra of HD 43112, HD 34989, 37 Ori, and HD 36895. The phosphorus mean abundance values of these four stars are underabundant compared to the Sun. Argon was only detected on the spectra of HD 43112 and HD 36262 and showed an overabundance of 0.33 dex. The sulfur element deficiency was detected in all stars except for 35 Orionis. Sulfur may be a good signature to distinguish the λ Orionis group members from the Orion star-forming complex. Overall, chemical homogeneity was detected in all B-type star members of the λ Orionis group. Furthermore, the mass and age of each member were calculated and plotted on the H–R diagram.
Characterizing three-dimensional magnetic field, turbulence, and self-gravity in the star-forming region L1688
Authors: Hu Yue , Lazarian A 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Interaction of three-dimensional magnetic fields, turbulence, and self-gravity in the molecular cloud is crucial in understanding star formation but has not been addressed so far. In this work, we target the low-mass star-forming region L1688 and use the spectral emissions of 12CO, 13CO, C18O, and H i, as well as polarized dust emissions. To obtain the 3D direction of the magnetic field, we employ the novel polarization fraction analysis. In combining with the plane-of-the-sky (POS) magnetic field strength derived from the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) method and the new differential measure analysis (DMA) technique, we present the first measurement of L1688’s three-dimensional magnetic field, including its orientation and strength. We find that L1688’s magnetic field has two statistically different inclination angles. The low-intensity tail has an inclination angle ≈55° on average, while that of the central dense clump is ≈30°. We find the global mean value of total magnetic field strength is Btot ≈ $135 \,\mathrm{\mu }{\rm G}$ from DCF and Btot ≈ $75 \,\mathrm{\mu }{\rm G}$ from DMA. We use the velocity gradient technique (VGT) to separate the magnetic fields’ POS orientation associated with L1688 and its foreground/background. The magnetic fields’ orientations are statistically coherent. The probability density function of H2 column density and VGT reveal that L1688 is potentially undergoing gravitational contraction at large scale ≈1.0 pc and gravitational collapse at small scale ≈0.2 pc. The gravitational contraction mainly along the magnetic field resulting in an approximate power-law relation $B_{\rm tot}\propto n_{\rm H}^{1/2}$ when volume density nH is less than approximately 6.0 × 103 cm−3.
Quinapril treatment curtails decline of global longitudinal strain and mechanical function in hypertensive rats
Authors: Wilson Alexander J. , Sands Gregory B. , Wang Vicky Y. , Pontre Beau , Ennis Daniel B. , Young Alistair A. , LeGrice Ian J. , Nash Martyn P. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) has been proposed as an early imaging biomarker of cardiac mechanical dysfunction.

Objective:
To assess the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment of hypertensive heart disease on LV GLS and mechanical function.

Methods:
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of hypertensive heart disease (n = 38) was studied. A subset of SHRs received quinapril (TSHR, n = 16) from 3 months (mo). Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 13) were used as controls. Tagged cardiac MRI was performed using a 4.7 T Varian preclinical scanner.

Results:
The SHRs had significantly lower LV ejection fraction (EF) than the WKYs at 3 mo (53.0 ± 1.7% vs. 69.6 ± 2.1%, P < 0.05), 14 mo (57.0 ± 2.5% vs. 74.4 ± 2.9%, P < 0.05) and 24 mo (50.1 ± 2.4% vs. 67.0 ± 2.0%, P < 0.01). At 24 mo, ACE inhibitor treatment was associated with significantly greater LV EF in TSHRs compared to untreated SHRs (64.2 ± 3.4% vs. 50.1 ± 2.4%, P < 0.01). Peak GLS magnitude was significantly lower in SHRs compared with WKYs at 14 months (7.5% ± 0.4% vs. 9.9 ± 0.8%, P < 0.05). At 24 months, Peak GLS magnitude was significantly lower in SHRs compared with both WKYs (6.5 ± 0.4% vs. 9.7 ± 1.0%, P < 0.01) and TSHRs (6.5 ± 0.4% vs. 9.6 ± 0.6%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
ACE inhibitor treatment curtails the decline in global longitudinal strain in hypertensive rats, with the treatment group exhibiting significantly greater LV EF and GLS magnitude at 24 mo compared with untreated SHRs.
Acute inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract reduces arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity in renovascular hypertension
Authors: Marques Stefanne M. , Melo Mariana R. , Zoccal Daniel B. , Menani José V. , Colombari Débora S.A. , Ferreira-Neto Marcos L. , Xavier Carlos H. , Colombari Eduardo , Pedrino Gustavo R. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
A growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. However, the involvement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) in development the of hypertension remains unclear.

Method:
We evaluated the hemodynamic and sympathetic responses to acute inhibition of NADPH oxidase in the commNTS in renovascular hypertensive rats. Under anesthesia, male Holtzman rats were implanted with a silver clip around the left renal artery to induce 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) hypertension. After six weeks, these rats were anesthetized and instrumented for recording mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow (RBF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) during baseline and after injection of apocynin (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor), NSC 23766 (RAC inhibitor) or saline into the commNTS.

Results:
Apocynin into the commNTS decreased MAP, RSNA, and RVR in 2K1C rats. NSC 23766 into the commNTS decreased MAP and RSNA, without changing RVR in 2K1C rats.

Conclusion:
These results demonstrate that the formation of ROS in the commNTS is important to maintain sympathoexcitation and hypertension in 2K1C rats and suggest that NADPH oxidase in the commNTS could be a potential target for therapeutics in renovascular hypertension.
Enhancing Physician Assistant Psychiatry Interviewing Skills Using Standardized Patients
Authors: Roberts Amy Lynn , Rizzolo Denise , Bruza-Augatis Mirela , Zammit Christine , Banahan Mary , Pontrelli Gina 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether supplemental psychiatry training in the didactic year increases the scores on the Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA) Psychiatry and Behavioral Health End of Rotation examination and psychiatry preceptor evaluation.

Methods
Data were obtained from the physician assistant (PA) students on PAEA Psychiatry and Behavioral Health End of Rotation examination and psychiatry preceptor evaluation for a single institution. Then, a comparison was performed for PA students who did not participate in supplemental psychiatry/behavioral health training (Cohort 1/historical control group; n = 62) and PA students who participated in supplemental psychiatric and behavioral health training (Cohort 2/experimental group; n = 63) to determine the effects of the groups.

Results
An independent t test demonstrated that the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group on both the Psychiatry and Behavioral Health PAEA End of Rotation examination and preceptor evaluation {control group (M = 83.4) and experimental group (M = 86.3; t[117] = 2.8; P < .05)} and the preceptor evaluation {control group (M = 90) and experimental group (M = 92.6; t[112] = 2.1; P < .05)}. In addition, both analyses demonstrated a moderate effect size (End of Rotation examination, d = 0.51; preceptor, d = 0.62). A multiple regression analysis was used to control for age, sex, grade point average (GPA), and training intervention. Age, sex, and GPA were found not to affect the results. However, treatment intervention was statistically significant for both the End of Rotation examination and preceptor evaluation scores.

Discussion
Supplemental training in behavioral health and psychiatry, which included a standardized patient encounter and an interactive session dedicated to psychiatry interviewing techniques, resulted in students performing better on the Psychiatry and Behavioral Health PAEA End of Rotation examination and preceptor evaluation.
Exploring Professional Anticipatory Socialization: Who Are the Messengers Influencing Future Physicians' Perceptions of Advanced Practice Providers?
Authors: Polansky Maura N. , Herrmann Debra , Koch Ulrich 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Evidence exists that physicians in training and practice often do not understand advanced practice providers (APPs) and their roles in professional practice. This study asked the question: What are the messages and messengers during the anticipatory professional socialization period that potentially influence how residents perceive APPs?

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 residents in one academic setting. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive approach to coding to identify the messages and sources of those messages (messengers) that had influenced how residents perceived APPs.

Results
Participants reported limited exposure to APPs before medical school, although most had heard of APPs from family, friends, or advisors or through their own experience in a clinical setting. The messages that participants received were related to how physicians and APPs compare in their training and clinical roles, and how APPs and physicians (and the people who pursue these professions) differ based on their presumed personal attributes. Some messages appeared to support biases against APPs.

Conclusion
While interprofessional education in medical school aims to prepare physicians to collaborate across professions, attention to anticipatory professional socialization occurring before medical school may also be important to mitigate professional biases that interfere with effective teamwork.
Does Remote and/or Virtual Learning Prepare First-Year Physician Assistant Students for Clinical Rotations as Effectively as In-Person Learning?
Authors: Rupani Sonia , Trimble Nancy , Schweinle William , Hulse Betty 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has profoundly affected many lives, and the aftermath is still uncertain. Many aspects of life have been affected, including physician assistant (PA) education. The collective efforts of students and faculty, perseverance, and optimism have allowed the uninterrupted preparation of the next generation of PAs. The objective of this study was to understand PA students' perceptions of the effectiveness of remote and/or virtual learning in preparing PA students for clinical rotations.

Methods
This pilot study was a mixed-methods survey with quantitative and qualitative data involving 3 accredited PA programs in the United States. Statistics were analyzed using SAS 9.4.

Results
Ninety-four individuals responded to the survey with a response rate of 46.8%. Response distributions, standard deviations, and means were calculated. Likert scale response means for each survey item were used to estimate the overall perspective of the participants.

Conclusion
Most participants highlighted the advantages of flexibility and an opportunity to balance school and family life, but the participants did not favor remote and/or virtual learning platforms for effectively preparing students for their clinical phase. More research on a larger scale is warranted. Including students' hands-on skills performance measures in addition to perceptions could provide objective evidence for the efficacy of remote and/or virtual learning in preparing students for clinical rotations.
PET/CT imaging in invasive endometriosis: a way to minimize missed diagnosis and reduce invasive interventions
Authors: Phulia Ankita , Sharma Anshul , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Singh Tejesh P. , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Heterogeneous and nonspecific symptoms make invasive endometriosis a difficult entity to diagnose. Small lesions with absent associated changes can be easily missed in cross-sectional imaging. Even when the lesions satisfy the thresholds for various investigations, their appearance changes with cyclical fluctuations in the hormonal levels. Therefore, newer approaches are needed to achieve correct diagnosis.

Methods
Six females in reproductive age group (mean age = 32.5 ± 4.3 years) were retrospectively selected, wherein the diagnosis of invasive endometriosis was confirmed after 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Indications for PET/CT were staging in 4 patients, suspected progression in 1 and suspected inflammatory bowel disease in one patient. The study was repeated in proliferative phase in two patients and in the menstrual phase in another patient. FNAC was available in two patients and a drop in CA125 was documented in the last patient.

Results
In five patients metabolically active lesions were seen in PET/CT and in the last, activity was absent despite symptoms. Repeat menstrual phase imaging in the last patient confirmed the diagnosis. In two patients with metabolically active lesions at baseline, resolution was seen in proliferative phase PET/CT. In the other two patients, repeat study was not indicated as FNAC revealed normal endometrial tissue and in the last patient, significant drop in CA125 was documented after just 2 weeks. In all of these patients, the final diagnosis was of invasive endometriosis.

Conclusion
In reproductive-age women, PET/CT acquisition should be optimized in the context of menstrual cycle. This approach can be used to non-invasively rule in/rule out endometriosis, especially with repeat imaging in proper menstrual phase.
HBV viral replication markers and hepatic fibrosis in untreated chronic HBV infection with and without HIV coinfection in Zambia
Authors: Muula Guy K. , Bosomprah Samuel , Sinkala Edford , Nsokolo Bright , Musonda Taonga , Hamusonde Kalongo , Bhattacharya Debika , Lauer Georg , Chung Raymond T. , Mulenga Lloyd B. , Wandeler Gilles , Vinikoor Michael J. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
To inform novel therapies, a more nuanced understanding of HIV's impact on hepatitis B virus (HBV) natural history is needed, particularly in high burden countries.

Methods:
In Lusaka, Zambia, we compared prospectively-recruited adults (18+ years) with chronic HBV infection, with and without HIV, pre-therapy. We excluded those with treatment-experience or HBV diagnosis due to clinical suspicion. We assessed HBV DNA levels, hepatitis B e antigen, CD4 (if coinfection), and liver disease (transient elastography [TE], serum alanine aminotransferase). In multivariable analyses, we evaluated the association of HIV overall and by level of CD4 count on these markers.

Results:
Among 713 adults analyzed, median age was 33 years, 63.0% were male, and 433 had HBV/HIV coinfection. Median CD4 count was 200 cells/mm3. HBV DNA was >2,000 IU/ml for 311 (51.0%) and 227 (32.5%) were HBeAg-positive. 15.5% had advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. HIV coinfection was associated with 5-fold increased HBV DNA levels (adjusted geometric mean ratio, 5.78; 95% confidence interval, 2.29–14.62) and 2 times the odds of HBeAg-positivity (adjusted odds ratio, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.59–4.08). These associations were significant only at CD4 counts 100–350 and <100 cells/mm3. HIV was not associated with markers of fibrosis or ALT.

Discussion:
HIV's impact on HBV natural history likely depends on the degree and duration of immune suppression. There is strong rationale to monitor HBV DNA in people with HBV/HIV coinfection and immune suppression. A better understanding is needed of mechanisms of increased liver-related mortality in people with HBV/HIV coinfection.
Career needs Assessment for Early Career Academic Surgeons using a Modified Accelerated Delphi Process
Authors: Fleming Christina A. , Augustinus Simone , Lemmers Daan H.L. , López- López Victor , Nitschke Christine , Farges Olivier , Salminen Paulina , O’Connell P. Ronan , Campos Ricardo Robles , Caiazzo Robert ,   on behalf of the European Surgical Association
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Over the past two decades physicians wellbeing has become a topic of interest. It is currently unclear what the currents needs are of early career academic surgeons (ECAS).

Methods:
Consensus statements on academic needs were developed during a Delphi process, including all presenters from the previous European Surgical Association (ESA) meetings (2018-2022). The Delphi involved: (1) literature review, (2) Delphi form generation, (3) accelerated Delphi process. Delphi form was generated by a steering group that discussed findings identified within literature. The modified accelerated e-consensus approach included three rounds over a four week period. Consensus was defined as >80% agreement in any round.

Results:
Forty respondents completed all three rounds of the Delphi. Median age was 37 years (IQR 5), and 53% were female. Majority was consultant/attending (52.5%), followed by PhD (22.5%), fellowship (15%) and residency (10%). ECAS was defined as a surgeon in ‘development’ years of clinical and academic practice relative to their career goals (87.9% agreement). Access to split academic and clinical contracts are desirable (87.5%). Consensus on the factors contributing to ECAS underperformance included: burnout (94.6%), lack of funding (80%), lack of mentorship (80%) and excessive clinical commitments (80%). Desirable factors to support ECAS development included: access to e-learning (90.9%), face to face networking opportunities (95%), support for research team development (100%) and specific formal mentorship (93.9%).

Conclusion:
The evolving role and responsibilities of ECAS requires increasing strategic support, mentorship and guidance on structures career planning. This will facilitate workforce sustainability in academic surgery for the future.