bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dim light pollution prevents diapause induction in urban and rural moths
Authors: Merckx Thomas , Nielsen Matthew E. , Kankaanpää Tuomas , Kadlec Tomáš , Yazdanian Mahtab , Kivelä Sami M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Light pollution is increasingly affecting biodiversity and may also disrupt seasonal adaptations. Even dim artificial light, such as skyglow—which can spread far beyond urban areas—can interfere with using photoperiod as a seasonal cue.

Here, we test how light pollution impacts diapause induction and whether urban evolution counteracts it, by using common‐garden experiments with a common, widespread geometrid moth (Chiasmia clathrata). We raised offspring from urban and rural populations from North‐ and Mid‐European countries in treatments with and without dim light at night.

The dim light treatment strongly increased direct development overall—with no evidence for urban adaptation to it—but distinctly more so in Mid‐ than in North‐European populations.

Because diapause induction is critical for surviving winter, these results indicate that dim but widespread light pollution may have detrimental effects on insect populations, especially so at mid‐latitudes, and may hence explain part of the ongoing, large‐scale insect declines globally.

Synthesis and applications. Latitudinal variation in sensitivity to light pollution means that its contribution to insect declines—and its conservation importance—should likewise vary among regions. In mid‐latitude regions, where populations seem more sensitive to light pollution, mitigating light pollution should be a high priority for insect conservation. Reducing skyglow from cities should benefit both urban populations—which were just as susceptible as rural populations in our study—and rural populations—because skyglow extends far beyond the geographic boundaries of cities.
Evaluating the impact of radiofrequency spectroscopy on reducing reoperations after breast conserving surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jingzhen , Zhang Lixia , Pan Zezheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe benefits of breast conserving surgery for breast cancer patients are well established. To achieve adequate margins of excision, intraoperative management of breast margins is a critical factor through reducing reoperation for inadequate positive margin excision and associated morbidity and cost. Radiofrequency spectroscopy is a technology that could significantly reduce positive margins when used intraoperatively as an adjunct to other margin management methods.MethodsA meta‐analysis was completed with 10 publications comparing use of radiofrequency spectroscopy technology (MarginProbe) with standard margin assessment procedures. Three randomized controlled studies and seven retrospective studies comparing MarginProbe to historical controls were included. The primary endpoint was reduction of re‐excision rates. Statistical significance level was set at the two‐sided 5% level corresponding to two‐sided 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the pooled relative risk estimates.ResultsA total of 2335 patients from 10 publications were included in this meta‐analysis. The overall relative reduction in re‐excision rate was 0.49 (95% CI: 0.38–0.64, p < 0.001). Statistical methods were used to examine publication bias.ConclusionDespite the limited randomized controlled trials available comparing radiofrequency spectroscopy to standard operation procedures, the data from the 10 studies demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in re‐excision rate of 49% for MarginProbe usage, currently the only technology indicated for intraoperative identification of breast cancer tissue at the lumpectomy specimen margin.
Default risk and earnings expectations: The role of contract maturity in the credit default swap market
Authors: Hill Mary S. , Taylor Gary K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAgency conflicts increase with contract maturity. As contract maturity increases, managers, acting on behalf of shareholders, have more opportunities to use their discretion in ways that adversely affect future payoffs. Agency theory suggests that when contract maturity increases, creditors place less weight on a firm's growth opportunities in assessing default risk. We present a counter‐argument: because the timing of future payoffs is uncertain, longer‐duration debt provides creditors with a longer horizon over which payoffs are earned. Using credit default swap (CDS) spreads, we demonstrate that the relevance of future earnings expectations increases with CDS maturity. Our results suggest that contract maturity is not a reliable proxy for agency costs when evaluating the credit market relevance of financial information.
Institutional and individual investors' short‐term reactions to the COVID‐19 crisis in China
Authors: Liu Siyi , Liu Xin , Zhang Chuancai , Zhang Lingli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines how the severity of the local COVID‐19 crisis affected the investment divergence between institutional and individual investors in China. The COVID‐19 crisis significantly increased both environmental uncertainty and fear sentiment. We predict that individual investors, who are at an information disadvantage and rely more on heuristics, are more likely than institutional investors to decrease their investments in stocks of firms headquartered in provinces with more severe COVID‐19 crisis. We find that the number of newly confirmed local COVID‐19 cases is positively associated with the investment divergence between institutional and individual investors. Further analysis shows that the investment divergence is much lower for firms that have higher information disclosure quality, are followed by more analysts and engage Big 4 auditors. We also find that subsequent price reversals are faster for stocks with higher net investments by institutional investors and slower for stocks with higher net investments by individual investors. Lastly, we find that institutional investors increase their investments in undervalued stocks of firms located in provinces with more severe COVID‐19 crisis and firms less affected by the pandemic, whereas individual investors decrease such investments. The results suggest that institutional investors are more sophisticated in identifying undervalued stocks and analysing the impact of the information about the pandemic prevention policies on firms' operations. Our main results hold after a battery of robustness tests.
“You have harmed us”: Stories of violence, narratives of hope among the Port Gamble S'Klallam
Authors: Montgomery Lindsay M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn 2015, the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) released a formal report containing hundreds of testimonies documenting the physical, psychological, and epistemological violence inflicted on Indigenous youth in federally funded and church‐run residential schools. The TRC is part of a growing body of academic and publicly oriented scholarship that takes a documentary approach to reckoning with historical trauma in North America. By focusing on harm and loss, this sort of damage‐centered research unintentionally reinforces unidimensional narratives of Indigenous history and personhood. As Eve Tuck (2009) argues, a desire‐based approach grounded in notions of complex personhood offers an alternative framework for grappling with the legacy of settler‐colonial violence. In this article, I draw on Tuck's approach to interpret a body of object‐based interviews with Port Gamble S'Klallam community members. During these interviews, objects and historic photographs shared with community members elicited stories of interpersonal and structural violence around their experiences with education. Importantly, these materials also evoked stories of refusal, cultural resiliency, and hope. In revealing the complexity of Indigenous experiences with Western‐style education, object‐based interviews present archaeologists with a holistic method for documenting Indigenous histories in ways that challenge damage‐based narratives.
Epidemiological and clinical features, therapeutic strategies and outcomes in patients with hyperhaemolysis: A systematic review
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Stephens Laura D. , Allen Elizabeth S. , Binns Thomas C. , Booth Garrett S. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Karafin Matthew S. , Tormey Christopher A. , Woo Jennifer S. , Adkins Brian D. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryHyperhaemolysis syndrome (HHS), a severe form of delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction most commonly described in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), involves destruction of both donor and recipient red blood cells (RBCs). As the epidemiology and underlying pathophysiology have yet to be definitively elucidated, recognition can be challenging. We systematically reviewed PubMed and EMBASE to identify all cases of post‐transfusion hyperhaemolysis and characterized the epidemiological, clinical and immunohaematological characteristics and treatments of HHS. We identified 51 patients (33 females and 18 males), including 31 patients with SCD (HbSS, HbSC and HbS/β‐thalassaemia). The median haemoglobin nadir (3.9 g/dL) occurred a median of 10 days post‐transfusion. 32.6% and 45.7% of patients had a negative indirect anti‐globulin test and a negative direct anti‐globulin test, respectively. The most common therapies included corticosteroids and intravenous immune globulin. 66.0% of patients received ≥1 supportive transfusion, which was associated with a longer median hospital stay/time to recovery (23 days vs. 15 days; p = 0.015) compared to no supportive transfusion. These findings illustrate that HHS that often results in marked anaemia 10 days post‐transfusion is not restricted to patients with haemoglobinopathies, and additional transfused RBCs may be associated with a longer time‐to‐recovery.
“Leaving Home Ain't Easy:” The timing and pathways of young immigrants’ home‐leaving transitions
Authors: Haan Michael , Cheng Wanyun , Yu Zhou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLeaving the parental home to live independently has long been a marker of one's transition to adulthood and a sign of immigrant adaptation to the host country. The timing and pathways of home‐leaving are important for both the housing trajectories of young adults and the overall housing demand of immigrant receiving areas. However, young adults—immigrants or not— have increasingly been delaying this transition, opting instead to stay in the parental home for an extended period of time. In this paper, we conceptualize home‐leaving as a decision made over time—influenced by individual, family, and contextual factors—and use panel data collected in the 2011 and 2017 Canadian General Social Survey (GSS). Through both a Cox proportional hazard model and a competing risk model, we examine the timing of exit from the parental home, the determinants of this exit, and the variable rates of independent household formation across immigrant, non‐visible, and visible minority groups. We find, although the relationship is not always linear, generational status, as well as race and ethnicity, play an important role in not only the timing, but also the destination of home leaving, while age at arrival is particularly salient for racialized immigrant groups. Young immigrants of visible minority background are generally less likely to leave their parental home, even though immigrants to Canada are selected for their ability to succeed in Canada.
Sleep waves in a large‐scale corticothalamic model constrained by activities intrinsic to neocortical networks and single thalamic neurons
Authors: Dervinis Martynas , Crunelli Vincenzo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimMany biophysical and non‐biophysical models have been able to reproduce the corticothalamic activities underlying different EEG sleep rhythms but none of them included the known ability of neocortical networks and single thalamic neurons to generate some of these waves intrinsically.MethodsWe built a large‐scale corticothalamic model with a high fidelity in anatomical connectivity consisting of a single cortical column and first‐ and higher‐order thalamic nuclei. The model is constrained by different neocortical excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations eliciting slow (<1 Hz) oscillations and by thalamic neurons generating sleep waves when isolated from the neocortex.ResultsOur model faithfully reproduces all EEG sleep waves and the transition from a desynchronized EEG to spindles, slow (<1 Hz) oscillations, and delta waves by progressively increasing neuronal membrane hyperpolarization as it occurs in the intact brain. Moreover, our model shows that slow (<1 Hz) waves most often start in a small assembly of thalamocortical neurons though they can also originate in cortical layer 5. Moreover, the input of thalamocortical neurons increases the frequency of EEG slow (<1 Hz) waves compared to those generated by isolated cortical networks.ConclusionOur simulations challenge current mechanistic understanding of the temporal dynamics of sleep wave generation and suggest testable predictions.
Degradation of NLRP3 by p62‐dependent‐autophagy improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by maintaining the phagocytic function of microglia
Authors: Zhang Dongyuan , Zhang Yu , Pan Jirong , Cao Jingjing , Sun Xiuping , Li Xianglei , Zhang Ling , Qin Chuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundActivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes microglia to secrete inflammatory cytokines and induce pyroptosis, leading to impaired phagocytic and clearance functions of microglia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study found that the autophagy‐associated protein p62 interacts with NLRP3, which is the rate‐limiting protein of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, we aimed to prove that the degradation of NLRP3 occurs through the autophagy‐lysosome pathway (ALP) and also demonstrate its effects on the function of microglia and pathological changes in AD.MethodsThe 5XFAD/NLRP3‐KO mouse model was established to study the effect of NLRP3 reduction on AD. Behavioral experiments were conducted to assess the cognitive function of the mice. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the deposition of Aβ plaques and morphological changes in microglia. BV2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by Aβ1‐42 oligomers were used as in vitro AD inflammation models and transfected with lentivirus to regulate the expression of the target protein. The pro‐inflammatory status and function of BV2 cells were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence (IF). Co‐immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, IF, Western blot (WB), quantitative real‐time PCR, and RNA‐seq analysis were used to elucidate the mechanisms of molecular regulation.ResultsCognitive function was improved in the 5XFAD/NLRP3‐KO mouse model by reducing the pro‐inflammatory response of microglia and maintaining the phagocytic and clearance function of microglia to the deposited Aβ plaque. The pro‐inflammatory function and pyroptosis of microglia were regulated by NLRP3 expression. Ubiquitinated NLRP3 can be recognized by p62 and degraded by ALP, slowing down the proinflammatory function and pyroptosis of microglia. The expression of autophagy pathway‐related proteins such as LC3B/A, p62 was increased in the AD model in vitro.ConclusionsP62 recognizes and binds to ubiquitin‐modified NLRP3. It plays a vital role in regulating the inflammatory response by participating in ALP‐associated NLRP3 protein degradation, which improves cognitive function in AD by reducing the pro‐inflammatory status and pyroptosis of microglia, thus maintaining its phagocytic function.
Preferential pruning of inhibitory synapses by microglia contributes to alteration of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the hippocampus in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Fan Jianchen , Dong Xinyan , Tang Yejiao , Wang Xuehui , Lin Donghui , Gong Lifen , Chen Chen , Jiang Jie , Shen Weida , Xu Anyu , Zhang Xiangnan , Xie Yicheng , Huang Xin , Zeng Linghui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundA consensus has formed that neural circuits in the brain underlie the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In particular, the synaptic excitation/inhibition balance (E/I balance) has been implicated in shifting towards elevated excitation during the development of TLE.MethodsSprague Dawley (SD) rats were intraperitoneally subjected to kainic acid (KA) to generate a model of TLE. Next, electroencephalography (EEG) recording was applied to verify the stability and detectability of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) in rats. Moreover, hippocampal slices from rats and patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) were assessed using immunofluorescence to determine the alterations of excitatory and inhibitory synapses and microglial phagocytosis.ResultsWe found that KA induced stable SRSs 14 days after status epilepticus (SE) onset. Furthermore, we discovered a continuous increase in excitatory synapses during epileptogenesis, where the total area of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGluT1) rose considerably in the stratum radiatum (SR) of cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), the stratum lucidum (SL) of CA3, and the polymorphic layer (PML) of the dentate gyrus (DG). In contrast, inhibitory synapses decreased significantly, with the total area of glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) in the SL and PML diminishing enormously. Moreover, microglia conducted active synaptic phagocytosis after the formation of SRSs, especially in the SL and PML. Finally, microglia preferentially pruned inhibitory synapses during recurrent seizures in both rat and human hippocampal slices, which contributed to the synaptic alteration in hippocampal subregions.ConclusionsOur findings elaborately characterize the alteration of neural circuits and demonstrate the selectivity of synaptic phagocytosis mediated by microglia in TLE, which could strengthen the comprehension of the pathogenesis of TLE and inspire potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy treatment.
Pigmented intraepithelial Merkel cell carcinoma mimicking melanoma in situ
Authors: Holliday Dean , McConnell Charity F. , Prieto‐Granada Carlos N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neoplasm that arises in the skin of elderly patients on sun‐exposed areas such as the head, neck, and extremities. Involvement of the epidermis by tumor cells is a relatively uncommon phenomenon. However, a few cases have been reported of Merkel cell carcinoma in situ (MCCIS) in which tumor cells are confined exclusively to the epidermis without dermal involvement. Herein, we present a peculiar MCCIS lesion in a 66‐year‐old man composed of tumor cells in a nested and lentiginous growth pattern, exhibiting variable quantities of intracytoplasmic dusty brown pigment consistent with melanin, thus closely mimicking melanoma in situ. In addition, the lesion was associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, which has not been previously reported in the literature. An extensive search of the PubMed‐indexed, English‐language literature yielded only 17 case reports of MCCIS without documented invasion in which clinical data were available. Out of the cases with available clinical information, individuals with strict MCCIS (n = 13) showed no evidence of recurrence or metastases. The median follow‐up time in the cases with available data (n = 9) was 12 months (mean 12.8 months, range 6–21). Thus, MCCIS without invasion may have a favorable clinical course in contrast to invasive MCC tumors.
Being nice by choice: The effect of counterfactual reasoning on children's social evaluations
Authors: Wong Alyson , Cordes Sara , Harris Paul L. , Chernyak Nadia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ability to engage in counterfactual thinking (reason about what else could have happened) is critical to learning, agency, and social evaluation. However, not much is known about how individual differences in counterfactual reasoning may play a role in children's social evaluations. In the current study, we investigate how prompting children to engage in counterfactual thinking about positive moral actions impacts children's social evaluations. Eighty‐seven 4‐8‐year‐olds were introduced to a character who engaged in a positive moral action (shared a sticker with a friend) and asked about what else the character could have done with the sticker (counterfactual simulation). Children were asked to generate either a high number of counterfactuals (five alternative actions) or a low number of counterfactuals (one alternative action). Children were then asked a series of social evaluation questions contrasting that character with one who did not have a choice and had no alternatives (was told to give away the sticker to his friend). Results show that children who generated selfish counterfactuals were more likely to positively evaluate the character with choice than children who did not generate selfish counterfactuals, suggesting that generating counterfactuals most distant from the chosen action (prosociality) leads children to view prosocial actions more positively. We also found age‐related changes: as children got older, regardless of the type of counterfactuals generated, they were more likely to evaluate the character with choice more positively. These results highlight the importance of counterfactual reasoning in the development of moral evaluations.Research Highlights
Older children were more likely to endorse agents who choose to share over those who do not have a choice.
Children who were prompted to generate more counterfactuals were more likely to allocate resources to characters with choice.
Children who generated selfish counterfactuals more positively evaluated agents with choice.
Comparable to theories suggesting children punish willful transgressors more than accidental transgressors, we propose children also consider free will when making positive moral evaluations.