bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehistoric human migration between Sundaland and South Asia was driven by sea-level rise
Authors: Kim Hie Lim , Li Tanghua , Kalsi Namrata , Nguyen Hung Tran The , Shaw Timothy A. , Ang Khai C. , Cheng Keith C. , Ratan Aakrosh , Peltier W. Richard , Samanta Dhrubajyoti , Pratapneni Mahesh , Schuster Stephan C. , Horton Benjamin P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRapid sea-level rise between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Holocene transformed the Southeast Asian coastal landscape, but the impact on human demography remains unclear. Here, we create a paleogeographic map, focusing on sea-level changes during the period spanning the LGM to the present-day and infer the human population history in Southeast and South Asia using 763 high-coverage whole-genome sequencing datasets from 59 ethnic groups. We show that sea-level rise, in particular meltwater pulses 1 A (MWP1A, ~14,500–14,000 years ago) and 1B (MWP1B, ~11,500–11,000 years ago), reduced land area by over 50% since the LGM, resulting in segregation of local human populations. Following periods of rapid sea-level rises, population pressure drove the migration of Malaysian Negritos into South Asia. Integrated paleogeographic and population genomic analysis demonstrates the earliest documented instance of forced human migration driven by sea-level rise.
Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean
Authors: Giljan Greta , Brown Sarah , Lloyd C Chad , Ghobrial Sherif , Amann Rudolf , Arnosti Carol 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean invest carbon, nitrogen, and energy in extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze large substrates to smaller sizes suitable for uptake. Since hydrolysis products produced outside of a cell may be lost to diffusion, the return on this investment is uncertain. Selfish bacteria change the odds in their favor by binding, partially hydrolyzing, and transporting polysaccharides into the periplasmic space without loss of hydrolysis products. We expected selfish bacteria to be most common in the upper ocean, where phytoplankton produce abundant fresh organic matter, including complex polysaccharides. We, therefore, sampled water in the western North Atlantic Ocean at four depths from three stations differing in physiochemical conditions; these stations and depths also differed considerably in microbial community composition. To our surprise, we found that selfish bacteria are common throughout the water column of the ocean, including at depths greater than 5500 m. Selfish uptake as a strategy thus appears to be geographically—and phylogenetically—widespread. Since processing and uptake of polysaccharides require enzymes that are highly sensitive to substrate structure, the activities of these bacteria might not be reflected by measurements relying on uptake only of low molecular weight substrates. Moreover, even at the bottom of the ocean, the supply of structurally-intact polysaccharides, and therefore the return on enzymatic investment, must be sufficient to maintain these organisms.
On-nanoparticle monolayers as a solute-specific, solvent-like phase
Authors: Ahumada Juan C. , Ahumada Guillermo , Sobolev Yaroslav , Kim Minju , Grzybowski Bartosz A. 
Published: February 2023

Nanometer-thin self-assembled monolayers on nanoparticles can act akin to solvents and partition small molecules from the surrounding solution according to their log P values.
Affine projection‐like optimal control of UIPC in networked microgrids with controllable loads
Authors: Zolfaghari Mahdi , Gharehpetian Gevork B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe upcoming generation of power systems would be outlined as a system of systems in which many AC and DC microgrids are interconnected to exchange power in a controlled manner. In this work, a new platform for the interconnection of multiple microgrids using a unified interphase power controller (UIPC) is presented. The networked microgrids operate in an islanded mode where voltage control in DC microgrids, and voltage and frequency control in AC microgrids are demanding. Therefore, we develop a new structure for the UIPC according to a current‐controlled four‐leg power converter configuration which can satisfy voltage and frequency support at the AC side. Due to many power and voltage oscillations, UIPC control is challenging in this heterogeneous environment. Therefore, the UIPC is equipped with a new affine projection‐like optimal control (APLOC) strategy which enables the microgrids to safely exchange power when necessary. Further, each AC or DC microgrid contains a new controllable load model which is commanded by the UIPC according to the power management paradigm. Simulation results proved the sufficiency of the proposed networked microgrids model in both controlling the exchanged power among microgrids and improving power quality problems.
An improved power balancing control scheme for open‐winding permanent magnet synchronous machine based on redistribution of reference voltages
Authors: Lv Kangfei , Dong Xinwei , Zhu Chong , Nian Heng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn open‐winding permanent magnet synchronous machine (OW‐PMSM) applied in electric vehicular system, two voltage sources composed of battery packs are applied. For safety and better performance, the over‐discharge on one of these two voltage sources should be avoided and their state of charges (SOCs) should be controlled in balance. On this basis, a reference voltage redistribution‐based control scheme is proposed to balance the SOCs of OW‐PMSM system in this letter, which utilizes the SOCs of the two voltage sources to distribute the reference voltages into two inverters. With the proposed method, the SOCs of the two voltage sources can be controlled in balance dynamically, while the synthesis of the reference voltage is not affected. The performance of the proposed method is validated experimentally.
Analysis of linear permanent magnet switched reluctance motors with modular and segmental movers
Authors: Ghaffarpour Ali , Vatani Matin , Kondelaji Mohammad Amin Jalali , Mirsalim Mojtaba 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHere, the authors propose two new Permanent Magnet (PM) embedded linear switched reluctance motors; one is a modular linear hybrid reluctance motor (MLHRM), and the other one is a segmental linear hybrid reluctance motor (SLHRM). Both structures employ PMs between the side teeth of the modules/segments. The main contribution of the PMs is to increase the air‐gap flux density, which results in an enhanced thrust, and decrease the magnetic saturation in iron parts. The magnetic equivalent circuit model is used to demonstrate the positive effect of inserting PMs in the MLHRM and SLHRM compared to their PMless counterparts. The optimal pole number and design procedure are illustrated. The simulation results are obtained in terms of static thrust, flux linkage, flux density distributions, and steady‐state current and thrust. The results show that the proposed MLHRM and SLHRM offer a higher thrust and lower current compared to their PMless form. Also, the PMs decrease the root mean square (RMS) current under the steady‐state performance of the motors, in which a higher thrust is produced with a lower RMS current. Finally, the MLHRM and SLHRM are fabricated and the test results are obtained and compared with the simulations, which illustrate a satisfactory agreement.
A high‐voltage solid‐state Marx generator with adjustable pulse edges
Authors: Rao Junfeng , Zhang Rui , Shi Fukun , Zhuang Longyu , Ji Zhenyu , Zhuang Jie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost reactors for non‐thermal plasma excitation are capacitive to pulse generators. The density and temperature of electrons in plasma are dominated by the discharging currents which are proportional to the pulse edges. However, adjusting the pulse edges is quite challenging since the switching speed and the inductance and capacitance in the discharging loops dominate them. This study proposes a drive circuit for solid‐state Marx generators with adjustable edges. The drive circuit controls the Miller plateau by adjusting the gate voltage amplitude to adjust both the rise time and fall time of pulses continuously and independently. The influence of the gate voltage on the Miller plateau and the rise time is studied. The feasibility is verified by both simulating and experimental results. An 8‐stage solid‐state Marx generator prototype was built, and 4.8‐kV pulses with a rise time in the range of 79 ns‐22.21 μs were obtained over capacitive loads. Adjusting pulse edges can control the current amplitudes in dielectric barrier discharge loads.
Recent progress in image denoising: A training strategy perspective
Authors: Wu Wencong , Chen Mingfei , Xiang Yu , Zhang Yungang , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImage denoising is one of the hottest topics in image restoration area, it has achieved great progress both in terms of quantity and quality in recent years, especially after the wide and intensive application of deep neural networks. In many deep learning based image denoising models, the performance can greatly benefit from the prepared clean/noisy image pairs used for model training, however, it also limits the application of these models in real denoising scenes. Therefore, more and more researchers tend to develop models that can be learned without image pairs, namely the denoising models that can be well generalised in real‐world denoising tasks. This motivates to make a survey on the recent development of image denoising methods. In this paper, the typical denoising methods from the perspective of model training are reviewed, the reviewed methods are categorised into four classes: the models need clean/noisy image pairs to train, the models trained on multiple noisy images, the models can be learned from a single noisy image, and the visual transformer based models. The denoising results of different denoisers were compared on some public datasets to discover the performance and advantages. The challenges and future directions in image denoising area are also discussed.
Subspace gradient tests for range‐spread target detection in structured interference plus Gaussian clutter
Authors: Jian Tao , He Jia , Liu Yu , Wang Haipeng , Huang Xiaodong , Xie Zikeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study considers the problem of detecting range‐spread targets embedded in subspace interference plus Gaussian clutter with an unknown covariance matrix. The target and interference signals are modeled in terms of deterministic signals belonging to two known subspaces, respectively. Based on the Gradient test criterion, two adaptive detectors are devised for rejecting subspace interference in homogeneous and partially homogeneous environments, respectively. Both of the proposed detectors theoretically exhibit a desirable property of a constant false alarm rate with respect to the clutter covariance matrix as well as the power level. Furthermore, the numerical results show that, compared with their existing counterparts, the proposed detectors exhibit better detection performance and satisfactory suppression performance for the interference.
A novel linear frequency modulation signal generator in real‐time processing of airborne synthetic aperture radar
Authors: Chen Dongxu , Wei Tingcun , Li Gaoang , Zeng Jialong , Feng Jie , Yang Xudong , Yu Zhongjun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenerally, synthetic aperture radar(SAR)generates linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals by method of look‐up table (LUT), which requires calculating different LFM signals and storing these waveforms in advance. With the demand for multi‐mode, high‐resolution and wide swath of airborne SAR systems, the method of LUT is not available, because that requires huge storage resources. In order to solve these drawbacks in limited hardware resources, this letter proposes a novel LFM signal generator in real‐time processing. By taking advantage of high level synthesis (HLS) on FPGA, the proposed generator calculates the LFM signal simply using parameters of pulse width, bandwidth, and sampling frequency. Meanwhile, in order to compensate for the SAR system phase error, the proposed generator calculates phase error using a linear polynomial algorithm, which can compensate for the phase error in real time. The simulation results prove that this approximation can achieve a good effect. The performance of this method is implemented by experiments with an X‐band airborne SAR system.
SRG/eROSITA-triggered XMM-Newton observations of three Be/X-ray binaries in the LMC: Discovery of X-ray pulsations
Authors: Haberl F. , Maitra C. , Kaltenbrunner D. , Buckley D. A. H. , Monageng I. M. , Udalski A. , Doroshenko V. , Ducci L. , Kreykenbohm I. , Maggi P. , Rau A. , Vasilopoulos G. , Weber P. , Wilms J. 
Published: February 2023

Context. Using data from eROSITA, the soft X-ray instrument aboard Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG), we report the discovery of two new hard transients, eRASSU J050810.4–660653 and eRASSt J044811.1–691318, in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We also report the detection of the Be/X-ray binary RX J0501.6–7034 in a bright state.
Aims. We initiated follow-up observations to investigate the nature of the new transients and to search for X-ray pulsations coming from RX J0501.6–7034.
Methods. We analysed the X-ray spectra and light curves from our XMM-Newton observations, obtained optical spectra using the South African Large Telescope to look for Balmer emission lines and utilised the archival data from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) for the long-term monitoring of the optical counterparts.
Results. We find X-ray pulsations for eRASSU J050810.4–660653, RX J0501.6–7034, and eRASSt J044811.1–691318 of 40.6 s, 17.3 s, and 784 s, respectively. The Hα emission lines with equivalent widths of −10.4 Å (eRASSU J050810.4–660653) and −43.9 Å (eRASSt J044811.1–691318) were measured, characteristic for a circumstellar disc around Be stars. The OGLE I- and V-band light curves of all three systems exhibit strong variability. A regular pattern of deep dips in the light curves of RX J0501.6–7034 suggests an orbital period of ∼451 days.
Conclusions. We identify the two new hard eROSITA transients eRASSU J050810.4–660653 and eRASSt J044811.1–691318 and the known Be/X-ray binary RX J0501.6–7034 as Be/X-ray binary pulsars.
Ocrelizumab-induced colitis and cytomegalovirus infection and their disadvantageous interaction with underlying multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lieb Sabine , Heni Maria , Rauschenberg Sophie , Lange Kay , Feisthammel Juergen , Bläker Hendrik , Wiegand Johannes 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOcrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 and the only approved treatment option in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Herpesvirus-related infections like cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common in patients receiving ocrelizumab, whereas gastrointestinal side effects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) like esophagitis or colitis are very rare. This case report describes the challenging clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of an ocrelizumab-induced colitis overlapping with CMV infection and their disadvantageous interaction with the underlying multiple sclerosis.
Emotional Lability as a Symptom of Extra-axial Posterior Fossa Tumors: a Case–Control Review of Neuroanatomy and Patient-Reported Quality of Life
Authors: Prakash Swetha , Gooderham Peter , Akagami Ryojo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction Emotional lability (EL), the uncontrollable and unmotivated expression of emotion, is a rare and distressing symptom of brainstem compression. In published case reports, EL from an extra-axial posterior fossa tumor was alleviated by tumor resection. The primary aim herein was to radiographically establish the degree of compression from mass lesions onto brainstem structures. Secondarily, we compared changes in patient-reported quality of life (QOL) pre- and postoperatively.
Methods A retrospective review of posterior fossa tumors treated between 2002 and 2018 at Vancouver General Hospital revealed 11 patients with confirmed EL. Each case was matched to three controls. A lateral brainstem compression scale characterized mass effect at the level of the medulla, pons, and midbrain in preoperative axial T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (FLAIR MRI) scans. Compression and clinical variables were compared between patient groups. Short Form-36 version 1 health surveys were retrospectively obtained from patient charts to compare pre- versus postoperative changes in survey scores between EL and control patients.
Results EL symptoms ceased postoperatively for all EL patients. EL tumors exert greater compression onto the pons (p = 0.03) and EL patients more commonly have cerebellar findings preoperatively (p = 0.003). Patients with EL-causing tumors experienced greater improvement postoperatively in “Health Change” (p = 0.05), which was maintained over time.
Conclusion Findings suggest that compression onto the pons inhibits control over involuntary, stereotyped expression of emotion. This adds to evidence that EL may be attributed to cerebellum deafferentation from cortical and limbic structures through the basis pontis, leading to impaired modulation of emotional response. QOL results augment benefits of offering patients EL-alleviating tumor resection surgery.
Use of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Surgical Treatment of Acute Presentation of Chiari I Malformation: A Case Report
Authors: Ng Christina , Vazquez Sima , Auerbach-Tash Rose , Naftchi Alexandria F. , Dominguez Jose F. , Singh Aalok R. , Overby Philip , Muh Carrie R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been used in neurosurgical procedures to assess patient safety and minimize risk of neurological deficit. However, its use in decompressive surgeries of Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) remains a topic of debate. Here we present the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented with acute right lower extremity monoplegia after accidental self-induced hyperflexion of the neck while playing. Imaging revealed 15 mm of tonsillar ectopia with cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord edema. She was taken to surgery for a suboccipital decompression with expansile duraplasty. IONM demonstrated improvement in motor evoked potentials during the decompression. Postoperatively, she had full recovery of strength and mobility. This is a case of acute weakness after mild trauma in the setting of previously asymptomatic CM-I that showed close correlation with IONM, clinical findings, and imaging. IONM during decompressive surgery for CM-I may be useful in patients who present acutely with cervical cord edema.
The Allentown Connection—A Tribute for Lew Jae-duk, the “Father of Korean Plastic Surgery”
Authors: Hallock Geoffrey G. , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn retrospect, the irony of this story began with the first meeting of these co-authors—in of all places, Coimbatore, India, in 2008, at the 12th International Perforator Flap Course. Here the junior author [hereafter “jp”] demonstrated his unparalleled skills in networking, and soon thereafter journeyed some 11,073 km to Allentown, U.S. to peruse the operating room and clinics of the senior author [sic. ggh] in action. Within 2 years jp orchestrated the presentation of the 14th International Perforator Flap Course, so ggh with great anticipation flew only 6,830 miles to reach Seoul, Korea for his first time. But four years more elapsed before ggh returned again to Korea to be a visiting professor, all the while not quite sure why any Korean would want anything from a country doctor who resided in nowheresville Allentown, Pennsylvania. Yet, an extraordinary fact then was to be unveiled, about which ggh was totally ignorant. The pioneer of plastic surgery in Korea, the first Korean to have completed an accredited plastic surgery fellowship, by coincidence had accomplished all this in … Allentown. The collegial relationship that evolved between these co-authors, who met by chance, indeed had a precedent coincidence! Was this “by chance” alone or predestination? Amazingly, in a way similar, the origin of plastic surgery itself in Korea also had Allentown connections. As a tribute to Lew Jae-duk, this important story must be here told, so let us now retrace his past in Allentown so we can find how the future was to be not so far away.
Preparing the Bowel (Microbiome) for Surgery: Surgical Bioresilience
Authors: Paine Heidi , Jones Faye , Kinross James 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe preparation of the bowel for radical surgery is a corner stone of elective colorectal practice. The evidence for this intervention is of variable quality and it is often contradictory, yet there is now a global move toward the adoption of oral antibiotic therapy for the reduction of perioperative infective complications, such as surgical site infections. The gut microbiome is a critical mediator of the systemic inflammatory response to surgical injury, wound healing, and perioperative gut function. The loss of critical microbial symbiotic functions caused by bowel preparation and surgery has an adverse impact on surgical outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which this occurs are poorly defined. In this review, the evidence for bowel preparation strategies is critically appraised in the context of the gut microbiome. The impact of antibiotic therapy on the surgical gut microbiome and the importance of the intestinal “resistome” to surgical recovery is described. Data to support the augmentation of the microbiome through diet, probiotic and symbiotic approaches, as well as fecal transplantation are also appraised. Finally, we propose a novel strategy of bowel preparation defined as “surgical bioresilience” and define areas or prioritization in this emerging field. This describes the optimization of surgical intestinal homeostasis and core surgical exposome-microbiome interactions that regulate the wound immune microenvironment, the systemic inflammatory response to surgical injury, and gut function across the perioperative time course.
Pulmonary Vein Stump Thrombosis and Cerebral Infarction after Left Upper Lobectomy
Authors: Yasuura Yoshiyuki , Kayata Hiroyuki , Konno Hayato , Kojima Hideaki , Mizuno Tetsuya , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Ohde Yasuhisa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis may occur after left upper lobectomy (LUL) and is a potential risk factor for cerebral infarction. However, there are few reports on the role of pulmonary vein stump thrombosis in the development of cerebral infarction. We aimed to clarify the correlation between pulmonary vein stump thrombosis and cerebral infarction following LUL.
Methods We evaluated 296 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) after LUL for lung cancer at the Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital in Shizuoka, Japan, between September 2002 and December 2015. The cerebral infarction in patients with pulmonary vein stump thrombosis was examined, and the risk factors for cerebral infarction were identified via a univariate analysis of the clinicopathological and surgical variables.
Results Overall, 179 men and 117 women (median age: 68 years; range: 36–88 years) were included. The median observation period was 68 months. Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis occurred in 21 (7%) patients and cerebral infarction occurred in 15 (5%) patients. None of the 21 patients with pulmonary vein stump thrombosis developed cerebral infarction. Most cerebral infarctions (12/15) were diagnosed in the late phase (> 3 months). The pathological stage of cancer was found to be the only significant risk factor for cerebral infarction by the univariate analysis.
Conclusion Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis following LUL was not necessarily associated with cerebral infarction, including the late phase. A prospective observational study with contrast-enhanced chest CT would be required to investigate the risk factors for cerebral infarction in each phase of the postoperative period.