bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Craniopharyngioma surgery for rhinologists
Authors: Salmon Mandy K. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Eide Jacob G. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors that that present with loss of pituitary function in most cases. They present in a bimodal age distribution and the most common treatment paradigms include gross total resection or subtotal resection followed by radiation. Endoscopic transnasal access to intradural tumors has become increasingly common due to improvements in equipment, increased familiarity with the surgical corridor and anatomy, and reconstruction techniques. As such, rhinologists play an increasingly important role in the management of craniopharyngiomas.

Recent findings
Recent years have highlighted our growing experience with pediatric endonasal skull base surgery. Prior concerns including sphenoid pneumatization, midfacial growth restrictions, and intercarotid space limitations have been studied more extensively. It has been found that there are no increased complications with lack of sphenoid pneumatization, no changes to midfacial growth with endonasal techniques, and the inter-carotid distance is stable after around age 5. Advances in surgical and skull base reconstruction techniques and intraoperative monitoring have reduced the risks of complications from surgery.

Summary
Rhinologists play an important role in craniopharyngioma surgery. The approach to and reconstruction after tumor removal are vital portions of the procedure that allow for resection and prevent postsurgical complications.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Iron Deficiency and Anemia in Youth With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Smith Jennifer , Jacobson‐Kelly Amanda , Donegan Amy , Boyle Brendan , Maltz Ross M. , Michel Hilary K. , Dotson Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:Iron deficiency (ID) with and without anemia is prevalent in children and adults diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but often goes unrecognized. We hypothesized, quality improvement (QI) methodology could increase the screening for and treatment of ID in children newly diagnosed with IBD.Methods:We developed and implemented an easy‐to‐follow algorithm to facilitate screening for and treatment of ID for patients diagnosed with IBD. Through a series of Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles, the approach was modified to increase screening and treatment of ID. Data between January 2019 and July 2021 were assessed using statistical process control.Results:Among patients newly diagnosed with IBD, 298 patients were included (67% Crohn disease, 29% ulcerative colitis, 4% indeterminate colitis, and 56% males). Rates of ID screening increased significantly from a baseline of 20% to >90%. Of the 232 patients screened for ID during the improvement period, 205 (88%) met criteria for either iron deficiency anemia (IDA) or ID at diagnosis, specifically, 151 (65%) met criteria for IDA and 54 (23%) met criteria for ID.Conclusions:Use of QI methodology to standardize screening assessments for ID among children newly diagnosed with IBD improved screening rates from a baseline of 20% to >90%, with 88% of patients found to have IDA or ID.
Pediatric Hepatitis C Quality Improvement Project Improves Healthcare Access
Authors: Vallabhan Monique K. , Castillo Ricardo , Roldan Patricia , Rhoades Natalie , Kong Alberta S. , Jimenez Elizabeth Y. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:Incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasing in women of reproductive age, leading to increased prevalence of HCV infection in children via vertical transmission. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to increase referrals to and appointments scheduled with a specialty pediatric gastroenterology HCV clinic and the number of eligible children with HCV who completed treatment.Methods:From July 2020 to August 2021, the QI team designed a project using the Model for Improvement and completed Plan Do Study Act cycles to test change ideas to improve HCV awareness and education for medical providers and families; standardize the referral process; track patients; increase clinic capacity; and connect families with community resource care coordination. Referrals to the pediatric HCV clinic, appointments scheduled, no shows, and treatment follow‐up were tracked during the project period and a comparison timeframe from July 2019 to June 2020.Results:There were improvements in several measures during the project period versus the comparison timeframe, with 80 versus 48 referrals received (66% increase), 115 versus 59 scheduled clinic visits (95% increase), and 7 versus 5 treatment completers (40% increase), along with a small (7%) decline in the proportion of scheduled clinic visits that were no shows.Conclusion:Application of QI methodology increased medical provider and caregiver awareness and engagement in accessing HCV healthcare available for at‐risk children. More QI efforts should be accelerated to identify best practices amidst a nationwide HCV epidemic.
Awareness of Disease Status Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Finlayson Catherine S. , Rosa William E. , Mathew Shiyon , Applebaum Allison , Squires Allison , Fu Mei R. 
Published: February 2023

Background
As the quality of cancer care improves, oncology patients face a rapidly increasing number of treatment options. Thus, it is vital that they are full and active partners in the treatment decision-making process. Awareness of disease status has been investigated in the literature; it has been inconsistently conceptualized and operationalized.

Objective
The aim of this integrative review was to develop a conceptual definition and model of the awareness of disease status among patients with cancer.

Methods
Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methodology guided this article. We obtained data through a systematic search of 8 databases. Key terms utilized were awareness, perception, truth disclosure, diagnosis, prognosis, terminal illness, status, neoplasm, and metastasis. Dates through January 2020 were searched to capture all relevant articles. Sixty-nine articles met inclusion criteria.

Results
The integrative review methodology guided the development of a conceptual definition and model. The concept of “awareness of disease status” was defined as the individual patient’s understanding of being diagnosed and treated for cancer based on the multifactorial components of individual patient characteristics and contextually driven communication practices of healthcare providers. This understanding is dynamic and changes throughout the disease trajectory.

Conclusion
These findings will inform consistency in the literature. Such consistency may improve person-centered clinical communication, care planning practices, and, ultimately, cancer-related outcomes.

Implications for Practice
With a greater understanding of the complexity of patients’ awareness of disease status, nurses will be able to guide their patients to make informed decisions throughout their disease trajectory.
Engagement in Online Communities by New Mothers in Recovery from Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Mattson Nicole M. , Ohlendorf Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of engagement with online communities by women using medication-assisted treatment (MAT) to manage recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy and the first year after birth.

Study Design and Methods:
Ten participants were identified through purposive sampling for this secondary data analysis as part of a larger grounded theory study about ways women using MAT for recovery from OUD meet the needs of their mother–infant dyad. Inclusion criteria included: English-speaking, 18 years of age or older, living in the United States, within the first year after birth, using MAT to manage OUD, and identified engaging with online communities during pregnancy and/or postpartum. A categorical-content narrative approach was used.

Results:
Three narratives were identified from the analysis, belonging, collaboration, and expecting success.

Clinical Implications:
Engagement in online communities can be a meaningful adjunct or replacement for in-person support. Online spaces are available 24/7 and allow people to join a community where they will not experience stigma and can find support tailored to their needs. Health care providers could extend their care for mothers affected by OUD by referring them to online communities for support of recovery self-management efforts.
Integrative Review of Methods From Youth Risk Behavior Survey Secondary Data Analyses Examining HIV Syndemic Factors Among Adolescent Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Garcia David Ray , Fletcher Jason , Goldsamt Lloyd , Dunn Navarra Ann-Margaret 
Published: February 2023

Background
Adolescent gay/bisexual men exhibit the highest prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infections. Ascertaining antecedents of behaviorally acquired HIV infections among adolescent gay/bisexual men can be challenging; however, these challenges can be overcome through the utilization of secondary data, such as the Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

Objective
Syndemics theory suggests that HIV infections are not a singular phenomenon; instead, many infections occur at the intersection of syndemic factors, such as substance use, violence, and mental health. Our objective is to describe and synthesize research methods of secondary data analyses that examine syndemic factors in relation to HIV risk behavior outcomes among subsamples of adolescent gay/bisexual men.

Methods
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycInfo were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were (a) peer-reviewed Youth Risk Behavior Survey secondary data analyses conducted in the United States after 1991, (b) subsamples with adolescent gay/bisexual men, (c) one or more syndemic factor(s), and (d) one or more HIV risk behavior outcome(s). We used the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tools for quality appraisal.

Results
Of 1,036 citations retrieved, nine studies met inclusion criteria. Results included using logistic regression analysis and data from 2015 to 2017 in six studies and underpinnings with minority stress theory in four studies. Eight studies omitted race/ethnicity in subsamples and six grouped lesbians with adolescent gay/bisexual men. Seven studies examined substance use, six examined violence, and five examined mental health. Condom use and number of partners were the most studied HIV risk behavior outcomes in four studies, whereas intercourse in the last 3 months was an outcome in only one study. Protective factors were not present.

Conclusion
Limitations found the need to highlight better inclusion of race/ethnicity and sexual orientation. Adding contemporary survey items is also necessary, such as nonbinary sex and gender identity, access to HIV prevention (condoms, HIV testing, and preexposure prophylaxis), and experiences with stigma, to elucidate risk behaviors among populations disproportionately affected by HIV infections, including Blacks/African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos.
Latent Class Analysis of Depressive Symptom Phenotypes Among Black/African American Mothers
Authors: Perez Nicole Beaulieu , D’Eramo Melkus Gail , Vorderstrasse Allison A. , Wright Fay , Yu Gary , Sun Yan V. , Crusto Cindy A. , Taylor Jacquelyn Y. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Depression is a growing global problem with significant individual and societal costs. Despite their consequences, depressive symptoms are poorly recognized and undertreated because wide variation in symptom presentation limits clinical identification—particularly among African American (AA) women—an understudied population at increased risk of health inequity.

Objective
To explore depressive symptom phenotypes among AA women and examine associations with epigenetic, cardiometabolic, and psychosocial factors.

Methods
This cross-sectional, retrospective analysis included self-reported Black/AA mothers from the Intergenerational Impact on Blood Pressure (InterGEN) study (data collected 2015–2020). Clinical phenotypes were identified using latent class analysis. Bivariate logistic regression examined epigenetic age, cardiometabolic traits (i.e., BMI ≥ 30, hypertension, or diabetes), and psychosocial variables as predictors of class membership.

Results
All participants were Black/AA and predominantly non-Hispanic. Over half of the sample had one or more cardiometabolic traits. Two latent classes were identified (low vs. moderate depressive symptoms). Somatic and self-critical symptoms characterized the moderate symptom class. Higher stress overload scores significantly predicted moderate symptom class membership.

Discussion
In this sample of AA women with increased cardiometabolic burden, increased stress was associated with depressive symptoms that standard screening tools may not capture. Research examining the effect of specific stressors and the efficacy of tools to identify at-risk AA women are urgently needed to address disparities and mental health burdens.
Physical Exercise Interventions on Quality of Life in Parkinson Disease: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Lorenzo-García Patricia , Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo Sergio , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Guzmán-Pavón María José , Priego-Jiménez Susana , Álvarez-Bueno Celia 
Published: February 2023

Background and Purpose:
Physical exercise is considered an effective intervention for maintaining or improving quality of life (QoL) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), but there is no evidence showing which type of physical exercise intervention has more positive effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the evidence regarding the effectiveness of exercise interventions on improving QoL in patients with PD, comparing different types of exercise interventions.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted through January 2022. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool RoB2. For the meta-analysis, physical exercise interventions were classified into 5 training categories: resistance, endurance, alternative exercises, dance, and sensorimotor interventions. A standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the different types of physical exercise interventions.

Results:
The search retrieved 2451 studies, 48 of which were included in this network meta-analysis with a total of 2977 patients with PD. The indirect effects of the network meta-analysis showed positive results for alternative exercises (−0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.76, −0.16), dance (−0.63; 95% CI: −1.08, −0.17), and sensorimotor interventions (−0.23; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.07) versus control comparisons.

Discussion and Conclusions:
More research is needed to determine the types of physical exercise interventions that are most beneficial and for which conditions of the disease they have the most positive effects.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A398).
Is Intravenous Immunoglobulin Effective in Reducing the Risk of Mortality and Morbidity in Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection? A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Mbonde Amir A. , Grill Marie F. , Harahsheh Ehab Y. , Marks Lisa A. , Wingerchuk Dean M. , O’Carroll Cumara B. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The clinical benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in adult individuals with neuroinvasive West Nile virus (niWNV) infection is not well substantiated. We sought to critically assess current evidence regarding the efficacy of IVIG in treating patients with niWNV.

Methods:
The objective was addressed through the development of a critically appraised topic that included a clinical scenario, structured question, literature search strategy, critical appraisal, assessment of results, evidence summary, commentary, and bottom-line conclusions. Participants included consultant and resident neurologists, a medical librarian, clinical epidemiologists, and a content expert in the field of neuro-infectious diseases.

Results:
The appraised study enrolled 62 participants with suspected niWNV, randomized into 3 different arms [37 participants in the Omr-IgG-am group, 12 in the Polygam group, and 13 in the normal saline (NS) group]. Omr-IgG-am and Polygam are different formulations of IVIG. IVIG safety, measured as rates of serious adverse events, was the primary study outcome while IVIG efficacy, measured as rates of unfavorable outcomes, was a secondary endpoint. The estimated rates of SAE were statistically similar in all groups (51.4% Omr-IgG-am, 58.3% Polygam, and 23.1% NS groups). Unfavorable outcomes also occurred at a similar rate between all the groups (51.5% Omr-IgG-am, 54.5% Polygam, and 27.3% NS).

Conclusions:
The appraised trial showed that Omr-IgG-am and Polygam are as safe as NS. Data on efficacy from this trial were limited by a small sample size. Phase III clinical trials on IVIG efficacy in NiWNV infection are needed.
Predominance of High-Level Tetracycline-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Kenya: Implications for Global Implementation of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Soge Olusegun O. , Issema Rodal , Bukusi Elizabeth , Baeten Jared M. , Mujugira Andrew , Celum Connie , McClelland R. Scott , Stewart Jenell ,   for the Partners PrEP Study Team
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Using archived Neisseria gonorrhoeae samples from 2008 to 2012, the prevalence of tet(M) genemediating high-level tetracycline resistance in N. gonorrhoeae was 96% among 50 Kenyan women. Determining the local and national prevalence of gonococcal tetracycline resistance and surveillance of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance can inform the implementation of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis for STI prevention.
Case Report: Acquired Brown Syndrome after COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Fayed Alaa E. , Rakha Nehal K. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
Brown syndrome, or superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome, is characterized by limitation of elevation on adduction. The disorder is thought to involve the trochlea/superior oblique tendon complex through traumatic, surgical, and inflammatory mechanisms. It could be an indication of multiple underlying immunological or rheumatological disorders.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to report an unusual strabismus after receiving the first dose of a live attenuated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.

CASE REPORT
A 31-year-old female patient presented with painful vertical diplopia and tenderness of the left trochlear area 3 days after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination. She had a compensatory chin elevation and face turn to the right, as well as a left 10-prism-diopter hypotropia in the primary position, which increased to 15 prism diopters in the right gaze and disappeared in the left gaze. Ocular motility revealed the limitation of elevation on adduction. The patient denied any history of ocular trauma and was consequently investigated for dysthyroid disease and various immunological and rheumatological disorders, which were excluded. A Hess chart was obtained to document the motility disorder.

CONCLUSIONS
We report a case of acquired Brown syndrome in a 31-year-old otherwise healthy woman shortly after COVID-19 vaccination. It is possible that the patient may have developed trochleitis and/or superior oblique tenosynovitis brought on by cross-reacting antibodies generated by the immune response to the vaccine. In the age of the widest vaccination campaign in human history, it is highly likely that we will continue to observe many unexpected potential adverse effects of these vaccines in our clinical practice.
Lymph Nodes With Increased IgG4-positive Plasma Cells and Patterns Suspicious for IgG4-related Disease
Authors: Chen Ying-Ren , Yu Shan-Chi , Wang Ren-Ching , Lee Chih-Ling , Song Hsiang-Lin , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Yue Chung-Tai , Chang Kung-Chao 
Published: February 2023

Lymphadenopathy with increased immunoglobulin (Ig) G4+ plasma cells can be a nonspecific finding or a manifestation of immunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4-RD). It remains unclear whether there are characteristic pathologic features of IgG4-RD involving lymph nodes, or if IgG4-RD lymphadenopathy can occur without other manifestations of IgG4-RD. In this study, we assessed 55 lymph node biopsy specimens (44 men and 11 women with a mean age of 55 y) with increased IgG4+ plasma cells that had 1 of the 6 well-described pathologic patterns. We also correlated these findings with IgG4 serum levels and followed these patients for 7 to 108 months (mean, 34.9 mo) for the occurrence of extranodal IgG4-RD. We further compared lymphadenopathy in patients who developed other manifestations of IgG4-RD (RD+, n=20, 36%) versus those who did not (RD−, n=35, 64%). We found that there were only minor significant differences between 2 groups, including frequency of receiving treatment (RD+, 90% vs. RD−, 60%, P=0.021) and higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (>8 mg/L, RD+, 53% vs. RD−, 13%, P=0.007). Other differences were either borderline or not significant, including mean age (RD+, 59.8 y vs. RD−, 51.9 y, P=0.097), male-to-female ratio (RD+, 16:4 vs. RD−, 28:7, P=1), constitutional symptoms (RD+, 25% vs. RD−, 9%, P=0.096), multiple enlarged lymph nodes (RD+, 45% vs. RD−, 26%, P=0.143), good response to therapy (RD+, 94% vs. RD−, 94%, P=1); higher serum IgG4 levels (>280 mg/dL, RD+, 75% vs. RD−, 51%, P=0.086), anemia (RD+, 45% vs. RD−, 43%, P=0.877), leukopenia (RD+, 0% vs. RD−, 3%, P=0.446), thrombocytopenia (RD+, 10% vs. RD−, 6%, P=0.556), positivity for antinuclear antibody (RD+, 24% vs. RD−, 29%, P=0.688), elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (>225 U/L, RD+, 0% vs. RD−, 20%, P=0.064), elevated serum IgE level (>100 IU/mL, RD+, 75% vs. RD−, 92%, P=0.238), and hypergammaglobulinemia (RD+, 90% vs. RD−, 86%, P=0.754). There were also no differences in morphologic patterns (P=0.466), IgG4+ cell location (P=0.104), eosinophil counts (RD+, 10.3±11.3 vs. RD−, 13.4±17.5, P=0.496), Epstein-Barr virus positivity (RD+, 35% vs. RD−, 60%, P=0.074), and Epstein-Barr virus–positive cell location (P=0.351). Our findings suggest that there are minimal differences between stringently defined IgG4-RD lymphadenopathy with versus without other manifestations of IgG4-RD. These findings also suggest the existence of IgG4-RD lymphadenopathy as the sole presentation of IgG4-RD.