bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic regulation of nitrogen use efficiency in Gossypium spp
Authors: Ninkuu Vincent , Liu Zhixin , Sun Xuwu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important fibre crop, with desirable characteristics preferred for textile production. Cotton fibre output relies heavily on nitrate as the most important source of inorganic nitrogen (N). However, nitrogen dynamics in extreme environments limit plant growth and lead to yield loss and pollution. Therefore, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which involves the utilisation of the ‘right rate’, ‘right source’, ‘right time’, and ‘right place’ (4Rs), is key for efficient N management. Recent omics techniques have genetically improved NUE in crops. We herein highlight the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation in the vegetative and reproductive branches of the cotton plant while considering the known and unknown regulatory factors. The phylogenetic relationships among N transporters in four Gossypium spp. have been reviewed. Further, the N regulatory genes that participate in xylem transport and phloem loading are also discussed. In addition, the functions of microRNAs and transcription factors in modulating the expression of target N regulatory genes are highlighted. Overall, this review provides a detailed perspective on the complex N regulatory mechanism in cotton, which would accelerate the research toward improving NUE in crops.
Low billing rates for pediatric sedation fee on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tanaka Yuko , Inage Eisuke , Matsumoto Megumi , Murano Yayoi , Endo Akifumi , Nakabayashi Yosuke , Yokoya Susumu , Iwama Itaru , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Oyama Shoichi , Baba Yosuke , Kudo Takahiro , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground: The 2018 revision of social insurance in Japan allows additional fees to be calculated for pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that must be performed under sedation. The number and trend of actual claims since this revision was established is unknown. The aim of this study to investigate the use of the additional fees and any regional differences in the use.Methods: To analyze the claims of additional fees for pediatric sedated MRI after the fiscal year (FY) 2018, the actual claims in inpatient and outpatient practice was analyzed using publicly‐available data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). We analyzed the calculation rate for all MRI scans. Annual changes in the actual number and calculation rate were analyzed. The ratio of the number of additional fees to the overall number of pediatric radiological procedures was used to examine the geographic disparity.Results: The number of calculations from FY 2018 to FY 2020 was available. In FY 2020, only 1347 additional fees were calculated, corresponding to 0.35% of the total number of MRI scans. The number of fees showed a decreasing trend. Most cases were in the 0–4 year age group; however, there were a few cases in the 10–14 year age group without such a decrease. The relative number of calculations by prefecture showed an up to 14‐fold disparity.Conclusions: The requirements for sedation for pediatric MRI are strict, but they are not fully utilized. Measures such as relaxing the requirements for the fee are needed to make MRI‐related sedation safer.
COVID‐19 Vaccination Acceptance: A Case of Interplay Between Political and Health Dimensions
Authors: da Silva Lima Kaline , Do Bú Emerson Araújo , Silva Washington Allysson Dantas , Miranda Mariana P. , Pereira Cicero Roberto 
Published: March 2023

Vaccines are essential for the eradication of diseases. Yet for many reasons, individuals do not embrace them completely. In the COVID‐19 pandemic and with the possibility of the Brazilian population's immunization against the disease, both political and health‐related dimensions might have had a role in individual COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance. In two studies (n = 974), we tested the hypothesis that participants' vaccination acceptance is related to their past vote in the 2018 Brazilian presidential election (being or not being a Jair Bolsonaro voter) and their different levels of perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD). We further tested whether Bolsonaro's opposition or ambiguous messages towards vaccination (vs. control) increased vaccination rejection among those who have (vs. have not) voted for him and who are low (vs. high) in PVD. Results show that Bolsonaro (vs. non‐Bolsonaro) voters accepted less vaccination, with higher rejection rates when participants expressed low (vs. high) PVD. Also, when primed either with Bolsonaro's opposed or ambiguous messages towards COVID‐19 vaccination, such participants accepted less vaccines (vs. participants primed with neutral information). These findings are the first to show that the COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance is related to their past vote and leadership influence but also different levels of perceived vulnerability to disease.
A substantial problem for priority monism
Authors: Glazier Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPriority monism is the doctrine that there is exactly one substance: the whole concrete cosmos. This paper develops an objection to priority monism. The objection is that although every substance is necessarily a substance, for the priority monist the cosmos is not necessarily a substance. It follows that the cosmos is not a substance and so priority monism is false. The priority monist's pluralist opponent, I argue, can avoid a parallel objection to her view.
Empathy, sympathy, and altruism—An evident triad based on compassion. A theoretical model for caring
Authors: Arman Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBased on existing confusion and a suggested contradiction regarding empathy and compassion in relation to caring science as well as in clinical health care.AimThe aim of the study was to find a knowledge base for the development of clinical caring science for, empathy, sympathy altruism, and compassion and their mutual relationship.DesignA theoretical paper.ResultsThe text discusses the different concepts separately, considering their history, research, obstacles, and bias and then brings them together in a concept model. The conclusion shows that empathy, sympathy, and altruism have no contradictions. Instead, they together form an evident triad based on compassion. Compassion is a prerequisite and a basis for the others to work. In clinical application, empathy is metaphorically a quality coming from the head, sympathy from the heart and altruism from the hand, merged in an attitude of compassion as a motif to care. The paper also reflects on the possibilities to increase and develop a compassionate mood and capacity by education and training.
The use of prothrombin complex concentrate in chronic liver disease: A review of the literature
Authors: van Dievoet Marie‐Astrid , Stephenne Xavier , Rousseaux Madeleine , Lisman Ton , Hermans Cedric , Deneys Véronique 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis present a rebalanced hemostatic system in the three phases of haemostasis. This balance is however unstable and can easily tip towards bleeding or thrombosis. Management of both spontaneous bleeding and bleeding during invasive procedures remains a challenge in this patient population. Transfusion of blood products can result in circulatory overload and thereby worsen portal hypertension. As an alternative to fresh frozen plasma (FFP), prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) may have merit in patients with liver disease because of their low volume. The impact of PCC in in‐vitro spiking experiments of cirrhotic plasma is promising, but also warrants cautious use in light of thromboembolic risk. The majority of existing studies carried‐out in CLD patients are retrospective or do not have an adequate control arm. A prospective study (the PROTON trial) was set up in 2013 to investigate the utility of PCC in patients undergoing liver transplantation. However, the study has never recruited the planned number of patients. Robust data on PCC safety in CLD is also required. The limited existing evidence does not seem to indicate an excessive thromboembolic risk. Currently, the utilisation of PCC in CLD cannot be routinely recommended but can provide an option for carefully selected cases in which other measures were not sufficient to control bleeding and after delicately weighing risks and benefits.
CmCNIH1 improves salt tolerance by influencing the trafficking of CmHKT1;1 in pumpkin
Authors: Wei Lanxing , Liu Liu , Chen Zhi , Huang Yuan , Yang Li , Wang Pengwei , Xue Shaowu , Bie Zhilong 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYPumpkin is often used as a rootstock for other Cucurbitaceae crops due to its resistance to soil‐borne diseases and abiotic stress. Pumpkin rootstocks use a sodium transporter (CmHKT1;1) to promote the transport of Na+ from the shoot to the root effectively and improve the salt tolerance of the scion. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms that influence the activity of CmHKT1;1 during salt stress response remain unknown. In this study, CmCNIH1, a cornichon homolog, was identified as a potential cargo receptor for CmHKT1;1. Yeast two‐hybrid, biomolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementary assays demonstrated that CmCNIH1 and CmHKT1;1 could interact. CmCNIH1 was a key component of the cellular vesicle transport machinery located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER export site and Golgi apparatus. A CmCNIH1 knockout mutant was more sensitive to salt stress than the wild‐type (WT). In addition, ion homeostasis was disrupted in cmcnih1 mutants, which had higher Na+ and lower K+ content in shoots and roots than the WT. Two‐electrode voltage‐clamp experiment displayed that CmCNIH1 could not influence the Na+ current that passed through the plasma membrane (PM) in CmHKT1;1‐expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes. Data from co‐localization assays indicated that intact CmCNIH1 protein could alter the subcellular localization of CmHKT1;1 in tobacco leaf, pumpkin root and yeast. In summary, CmCNIH1 may function as a cargo receptor that regulates the localization of CmHKT1;1 to the PM to improve salt tolerance in pumpkin.
Design of Decoupled and Dynamically Isotropic Parallel Manipulators Considering Five Degrees-of-Freedom
Authors: Pratap Singh Yogesh , Ahmad Nazeer , Ghosal Ashitava 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) two-radii Gough–Stewart Platform (GSP) can be designed to be dynamically isotropic and has been proposed for micro-vibration isolation. In many applications, the torsional mode can be ignored, and a 5DOF dynamically isotropic, parallel manipulator capable of attenuating three translational (3T) and two rotational (2R) modes are sufficient. In this work, we present the designs of a novel 5DOF dynamically isotropic parallel manipulator for vibration isolation where the torsion mode can be ignored. We present closed-form solutions in their explicit form, and these are obtained using a geometry-based approach. The first design is based on a modification to the two-radii GSP and provides enhanced design flexibility and feasibility. The second design, with the first five decoupled modes, is based on superposing geometrical parameters of two three-legged dynamically isotropic or decoupled parallel manipulators. It is shown that this design has two translational modes, namely the X, Y modes, which are decoupled from two rotational modes Rot(X), Rot(Y) and are controlled by two different sets of three legs. This feature can lead to simpler control and less power requirements if active vibration control is chosen. The designs presented in this work include the effect of asymmetry and the payload center of mass variation. The dynamically isotropic and decoupled designs were successfully validated using the finite element software ansys®. Experimental results based on a two-radii GSP prototype further validate analytical and simulation results.
Design of the Novel Single Incision, Free Motion Laparoscopic Surgical System
Authors: Galvin Samson , Yanalitis Rachael Kate , Leon Eric , Winder Joshua , Haluck Randy , von Lockette Paris , Moore Jason Z. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Laparoscopic surgery is a common minimally invasive surgery that uses specialized tools to access the abdominal cavity and pelvic regions via small incisions called ports. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopy's small incision size better protects a patient's health and reduces recovery time. However, restricted rotation of the tools around chosen port locations can limit a surgeon's mobility while operating. To address this, the novel single incision, free motion (SIFM) laparoscopic surgical system was created, and its design was explored through three experiments. Experiment 1 analyzed different permanent magnetic configurations to optimize the magnetic force between a tool on the inside of the abdominal wall and an external tool. The chosen configuration was a single-pole external magnet, coupled to an axially magnetized internal magnet. Experiment 2 analyzed the experimental and theoretical forces applied by the internal tool. The tool was able to provide sufficient cutting forces at 26.1 mm of separation between the tools. Experiment 3 measured the precision of the tool's end effector which was controlled by a stepper motor-powered cable system. The tool's end effector rotates no more than 1 deg about the y-axis and no more than 2 deg about the x-axis. The SIFM system combines the health benefits of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, with the free motion and ease of open surgery.
Upstream Jet Cooling and Dual Cavity Slashface Leakage Cooling on a Transonic Nozzle Guide Vane Endwall
Authors: Mao Shuo , Van Hout Daniel , Zhang Kaiyuan , Lee Jin Woo , Ng Wing F. , Xu Hongzhou , Fox Michael , Li Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental and computational study on implementing a dual cavity slashface cooling scheme on the thermal performance for the first stage nozzle guide vane with an axisymmetric, converging endwall. An upstream dual-row, staggered cylindrical hole cooling scheme provided purged coolant. The study was conducted under representative engine conditions of Maexit = 0.85 and Reexit,Cax = 1.5 × 106. Data were collected and analyzed using infrared thermography to map the endwall heat transfer performance throughout the passage. A flow visualization study was employed to gather qualitative insights into the endwall flow field. In addition, a complimentary computational fluid dynamics study was carried out to understand the endwall flow ingestion and egress behavior near the slashface. Results indicate that the dual-plenum slashface scheme leads to a unique ingestion-egression-ingestion-egression pattern. The ingestion and egression suppress the upstream coolant attachment at mid-passage near the suction side but create a favorable coolant coverage downstream of the slashface tail-end, where the neat heat flux reduction is 0.4–0.5. The study also compared the dual-plenum design with the single-plenum design and concluded that the dual-plenum slashface is superior in film cooling performance.
Computational Analysis of Air/Mist Film Cooling Using A Sweeping Jet Fluidic Oscillator–Part II: Sweeping Mist Jets
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Ramy , Wang Ting 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An ongoing research effort has been conducted for years to investigate the feasibility of mixing the air with mist (micron-level water droplets) to enhance heat transfer. It becomes very interesting to investigate how these tiny droplets behave in conjunction with the periodic sweeping jets. Will they move synchronously with the fluid or asynchronously with a phase lag? How would the interaction between the droplets and the sweeping jets affect the film cooling effectiveness? To answer these questions, Part II of this paper specifically focuses on investigating the droplet dynamics and thermoflow behavior of droplet evaporation on film cooling effectiveness in a sweeping jet. An unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes simulation accompanied by the k–ω shear stress transport turbulence model is used in this study. The multiphase computational fluid dynamics model employs an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The Eulerian method is used for the continuous phase including air and water vapor and the Lagrangian method in terms of the discrete phase model is used to simulate the dispersed phase (e.g., liquid droplets) in a continuous phase (e.g., air). A mist ratio of 10% with a droplet size of 10 μm was used in this study. The results show that, for a blowing ratio of 1, using mist provides better film cooling performance with an average enhancement of 50–90% in comparison to that without mist. Using a mist ratio of 10% could save approximately 50% of the cooling air. It is observed that the liquid droplets mostly follow the main sweeping flow and its vortical structure and horseshoe vortices, but with a phase lag between the droplets and the main sweeping jet. This phase lag further enhances both temporal and spatial film cooling surface protection during the sweeping motion.
Comparative Numerical Study of Melting Behavior of a Phase Change Material in Shell and Tube Latent Heat Energy Storage Unit With Longitudinal, Spiral, and Annular Fins in Horizontal and Vertical Orientations
Authors: Mahdi Mustafa S. , Ezzat Akram W. , Mahood Hameed B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Owing to the high storage capacity of the latent heat energy storage unit (LHSU), it is preferred among other types of thermal energy storage to overcome the mismatch between energy supply and demand. The orientation of the LHSU affects the melting process of the phase change material (PCM), and this effect could vary according to the fin shape of the LHSU. Thus, the present study aims to numerically examine the impact of vertical and horizontal orientations on the longitudinal, spiral, and annular finned shell and tube LHSUs. The computational fluid dynamics simulation solved the time-dependent conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy in the three-dimensional domain. The enthalpy-porosity and the Boussinesq approximation were used respectively to simulate the PCM phase change and the change in density. The results show that the LHSUs have completely different behavior in the vertical orientation than in the horizontal orientation due to the various obstructions to the natural convection flow induced by the fins, depending on the fin shape, and the direction of natural convection flow. In the vertical orientation, the annular finned LHSU has a faster melting rate than the longitudinal finned LHSU by 25.6%. In contrast, in the horizontal orientation, the longitudinal finned LHSU melted more rapidly than the annular finned LHSU by 52.5%. The spiral finned LHSU performance was moderate between the two other finned LHSUs in both orientations due to its spiral shape that lies between the shape of the annular and longitudinal fins.
Supplemental Material: Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of the late Paleozoic Darwin Basin, eastern California, USA, and implications for the onset of subduction along the southwestern Cordilleran margin of Laurentia
Authors: Vaughn Lochlan W. , et al.  
Published: March 2023

<p>Extended methods section, additional measured sections, a sample list, clast count data, and a detailed discussion of our subsidence analysis. </p>
Hypoglycemia and glycemic variability of people with type 1 diabetes with lower and higher physical activity loads in free-living conditions using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with predictive low-glucose suspend system
Authors: Montt-Blanchard Denise , Sánchez Raimundo , Dubois-Camacho Karen , Leppe Jaime , Onetto María Teresa 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMaintaining glycemic control during and after physical activity (PA) is a major challenge in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study compared the glycemic variability and exercise-related diabetic management strategies of adults with T1D achieving higher and lower PA loads in nighttime–daytime and active– sedentary behavior hours in free-living conditions.Research design and methodsActive adults (n=28) with T1D (ages: 35±10 years; diabetes duration: 21±11 years; body mass index: 24.8±3.4 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin A1c: 6.9±0.6%) on continuous subcutaneous insulin delivery system with predictive low glucose suspend system and glucose monitoring, performed different types, duration and intensity of PA under free-living conditions, tracked by accelerometer over 14 days. Participants were equally divided into lower load (LL) and higher load (HL) by median of daily counts per minute (61122). Glycemic variability was studied monitoring predefined time in glycemic ranges (time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR) and time below range (TBR)), coefficient of variation (CV) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). Parameters were studied in defined hours timeframes (nighttime–daytime and active–sedentary behavior). Self-reported diabetes management strategies were analysed during and post-PA.ResultsHigher glycemic variability (CV) was observed in sedentary hours compared with active hours in the LL group (p≤0.05). HL group showed an increment in glycemic variability (MAGE) during nighttime versus daytime (p≤0.05). There were no differences in TIR and TAR across all timeframes between HL and LL groups. The HL group had significantly more TBR during night hours than the LL group (p≤0.05). Both groups showed TBR above recommended values. All participants used fewer post-PA management strategies than during PA (p≤0.05).ConclusionActive people with T1D are able to maintain glycemic variability, TIR and TAR within recommended values regardless of PA loads. However, the high prevalence of TBR and the less use of post-PA management strategies highlights the potential need to increase awareness on actions to avoid glycemic excursions and hypoglycemia after exercise completion.
The impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function and airway reactivity after recovery in college-aged adults
Authors: Johnson Nicholas M. , Saunders Michael J. , Womack Christopher J. , Kurti Stephanie P. 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether pulmonary function is reduced, and airway reactivity is increased after recovery from COVID-19 in individuals who did not have severe illness, and (2) whether physical activity levels had any impact on pulmonary function or airway reactivity. An exploratory aim of the study was also to assess whether number of symptoms was associated with pulmonary function outcomes. The maximal flow volume loop was used to measure pulmonary function in individuals who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 (COV; n = 20, 23.0 ± 5.4 years) and those who had not (CON; n = 20, 23.7 ± 5.5 years) before and after a hypertonic saline challenge (HSC) designed to increase airway reactivity. Self-reported symptoms and physical activity levels (MET (min/week)) were collected to examine their correlation with pulmonary outcomes. There were no significant differences in any pulmonary function outcomes between the COV and CON groups before or after the HSC. There were also no associations between physical activity and pulmonary function outcomes. However, among participants who reported greater than four symptoms, there was a larger decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s divided by forced vital capacity following HSC ( p = 0.035). Pulmonary function and airway reactivity are not impacted after recovery from COVID-19 in young individuals; however, it appears that the number of symptoms reported may be associated with increased airway reactivity even after recovery in young adults who were not hospitalized with the virus.