bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung biopsy in the diagnosis and management of chILD
Authors: Deutsch Gail H. , Young Lisa R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChildren's interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) comprises a large number of diverse entities ranging from disorders of lung development, maturation and function unique in infancy to immune‐mediated, environmental, vascular and other conditions overlapping with adult disease. Pathologic evaluation of the lung has played a central role in characterizing many of these disorders, resulting in revised nomenclature and classifications to help guide clinical management(1–4). Technological advancements are rapidly uncovering genetic and molecular underpinnings of these conditions, as well as widening the phenotypes which bridge adult disease, often reducing the perceived need for diagnostic lung biopsy. As such the decision to get a lung biopsy in chILD is frequently for rapid ascertainment of disease in a critically ill child or when clinical presentation, imaging and laboratory studies fail to provide a cohesive diagnosis needed for treatment. While there have been modifications in surgical procedures for lung biopsy that minimize postoperative morbidity, it remains a high‐risk invasive procedure, especially in a medically complex patient(5). Thus, it is essential that the lung biopsy be handled properly to maximize diagnostic yield, including close communication between the clinician, radiologist, surgeon, and pathologist before biopsy to determine best sampling site(s) and prioritization of tissue utilization. This review provides an overview of optimal handling and evaluation of a surgical lung biopsy for suspected chILD, with emphasis on specific conditions in which pathologic features play a critical role in providing an integrated diagnosis and guiding management.
Impact of the publication of the Italian guidelines for bronchiolitis on the management of hospitalized children in Pisa, Italy
Authors: Abbate Federica , Depietri Greta , Tinelli Camilla , Massimetti Gabriele , Picariello Sara , Peroni Diego , Di Cicco Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBronchiolitis represents one of the major causes of hospitalization and mortality in children younger than 1 year, but its management continues to be heterogenous both in those who are hospitalized and in those who are not. To assess the impact of the publication of the Italian guidelines on bronchiolitis in October 2014, we analyzed data from children aged ≤12 months admitted for bronchiolitis at the University Hospital of Pisa from January 2010 to December 2019, dividing them into two groups based on whether admission was either preceding (Group 1) or following (Group 2) the publication of the guidelines. 346 patients (mean age 4.1 ± 2.8 months, 55% males) were admitted in the study period; 43.3%, 49.4%, and 7.3% of patients had mild, moderate or severe bronchiolitis, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 6.7 ± 2.9 days; 90.5% of the patients underwent nasal swab and 200 patients tested positive for RSV (in mono or coinfection with other viruses). We found no difference in RSV prevalence and severity distribution between the two groups, while we observed a significant reduction in the use of both chest X‐rays (66.9% vs. 34.8%, p < 0.001), blood testing (93.4% vs. 58.2%, p < 0.001) and inhaled or systemic corticosteroids (93.1% vs. 47.8%, p < 0.001) in Group 2. No significant reduction in the use of antibiotics and of inhaled β2 agonists was found. Our data suggest that the publication of the Italian guidelines for bronchiolitis has contributed to improving the management of patients admitted for bronchiolitis in our Unit.
Yoga and aerobic exercise in epilepsy: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aktar Burcin , Balci Birgul , Eraslan Boz Hatice , Oztura Ibrahim , Baklan Baris 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a growing interest in demonstrating the health benefits of exercise among people with epilepsy in recent years. Although exercise is recommended for people with epilepsy, there is uncertainty concerning the effects of yoga and aerobic exercise on multiple health outcomes in epilepsy.PurposeThe aim of this trial was to examine the effects of yoga and aerobic exercise training on physical activity, seizure frequency, health‐related physical fitness, mental, emotional, and psychological health status, and quality of life.MethodsThis study was designed as a single‐center, 8‐week, randomized controlled trial in a three‐arm parallel group. Participants will be randomly allocated to yoga, aerobic exercise, or wait‐list control groups. The primary outcome is physical activity/sedentary behavior measured by the ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer and seizure frequency. Secondary outcomes include functional capacity, lower extremity strength, balance, body composition, waist and hip circumference, cognition, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, fatigue, sleep quality, and quality of life. The outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and at 8 weeks of follow‐up.Implications of physiotherapy practiceThis study is the first randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of yoga and aerobic exercise among people with epilepsy. The findings of this study could provide important information about the effects of yoga and aerobic exercise training on a variety of health conditions in people with epilepsy.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05066880, registered October 4, 2021.
Stimulated Raman histology, a novel method to allow for rapid pathologic examination of unprocessed, fresh prostate biopsies
Authors: Mannas Miles P. , Jones Derek , Deng Fang‐Ming , Hoskoppal Deepthi , Melamed Jonathan , Orringer Daniel A. , Taneja Samir S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionDelay between targeted prostate biopsy (PB) and pathologic diagnosis can lead to a concern of inadequate sampling and repeated biopsy. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH) is a novel microscopic technique allowing real‐time, label‐free, high‐resolution microscopic images of unprocessed, unsectioned tissue. This technology holds potential to decrease the time for PB diagnosis from days to minutes. We evaluated the concordance of pathologist interpretation of PB SRH as compared with traditional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides.MethodsMen undergoing prostatectomy were included in an IRB‐approved prospective study. Ex vivo 18‐gauge PB cores, taken from prostatectomy specimen, were scanned in an SRH microscope (NIO; Invenio Imaging) at 20 microns depth using two Raman shifts: 2845 and 2930 cm−1, to create SRH images. The cores were then processed as per normal pathologic protocols. Sixteen PB containing a mix of benign and malignant histology were used as an SRH training cohort for four genitourinary pathologists, who were then tested on a set of 32 PBs imaged by SRH and processed by traditional H&E. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and concordance for prostate cancer (PCa) detection on SRH relative to H&E were assessed.ResultsThe mean pathologist accuracy for the identification of any PCa on PB SRH was 95.7%. In identifying any PCa or ISUP grade group 2–5 PCa, a pathologist was independently able to achieve good and very good concordance (κ: 0.769 and 0.845, respectively; p < 0.001). After individual assessment was completed a pathology consensus conference was held for the interpretation of the PB SRH; after the consensus conference the pathologists' concordance in identifying any PCa was also very good (κ: 0.925, p < 0.001; sensitivity 95.6%; specificity 100%).ConclusionSRH produces high‐quality microscopic images that allow for accurate identification of PCa in real‐time without need for sectioning or tissue processing. The pathologist performance improved through progressive training, showing that ultimately high accuracy can be obtained. Ongoing SRH evaluation in the diagnostic and treatment setting hold promise to reduce time to tissue diagnosis, while interpretation by convolutional neural network may further improve diagnostic characteristics and broaden use.
Effect of type of definitive treatment on race‐based differences in prostate cancer‐specific survival
Authors: Frego Nicola , Labban Muhieddine , Stone Benjamin V. , Koelker Mara , Alkhatib Khalid , Lughezzani Giovanni , Buffi Nicolò M. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Weissman Joel S. , Fletcher Sean A. , Kibel Adam S. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Cole Alexander P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRacial and ethnic disparities in prostate cancer (PCa) mortality are partially mediated by inequities in quality of care. Intermediate‐ and high‐risk PCa can be treated with either surgery or radiation, therefore we designed a study to assess the magnitude of race‐based differences in cancer‐specific survival between these two treatment modalities.MethodsNon‐Hispanic Black (NHB) and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) men with localized intermediate‐ and high‐risk PCa, treated with surgery or radiation between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database were included in the study and followed until December 2018. Unadjusted and adjusted survival analyses were employed to compare cancer‐specific survival by race and treatment modality. A model with an interaction term between race and treatment was used to assess whether the type of treatment amplified or attenuated the effect of race/ethnicity on prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM).Results15,178 (20.1%) NHB and 60,225 (79.9%) NHW men were included in the study. NHB men had a higher cumulative incidence of PCSM (p = 0.005) and were significantly more likely to be treated with radiation than NHW men (aOR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.81–1.97, p < 0.001). In the adjusted models, NHB men were significantly more likely to die from PCa compared with NHW men (aHR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.35, p = 0.014), and radiation was associated with a significantly higher odds of PCSM (aHR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.85–2.38, p < 0.001) compared with surgery. Finally, the interaction between race and treatment on PCSM was not significant, meaning that no race‐based differences in PCSM were found within each treatment modality.ConclusionsNHB men with intermediate‐ and high‐risk PCa had a higher rate of PCSM than NWH men in a large national cancer registry, though NHB and NHW men managed with the same treatment achieved similar PCa survival outcomes. The higher tendency for NHB men to receive radiation was similar in magnitude to the difference in cancer survival between racial and ethnic groups.
Pinocembrin alleviates pyroptosis and apoptosis through ROS elimination in random skin flaps via activation of SIRT3
Authors: Li Jiafeng , Li Yifan , Wang Xuanwei , Xie Yamin , Lou Junsheng , Yang Yute , Jiang Shuai , Ye Meihan , Chen Huaizhi , Diao Weiyi , Xu Sanzhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRandom skin flap grafting is the most common skin grafting technique in reconstructive surgery. Despite progress in techniques, the incidence of distal flap necrosis still exceeds 3%, which limits its use in clinical practice. Current methods for treating distal flap necrosis are still lacking. Pinocembrin (Pino) can inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, but the role of Pino in random flaps has not been explored. Therefore, we explore how Pino can enhance flap survival and its specific upstream mechanisms via macroscopic examination, Doppler, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. The results suggested that Pino can enhance the viability of random flaps by inhibiting ROS, pyroptosis and apoptosis. The above effects were reversed by co‐administration of Pino with adeno‐associated virus‐silencing information regulator 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3) shRNA, proving the beneficial effect of Pino on the flaps relied on SIRT3. In addition, we also found that Pino up‐regulates SIRT3 expression by activating the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. This study proved that Pino can improve random flap viability by eliminating ROS, and ROS‐induced cell death through the activation of SIRT3, which are triggered by the AMPK/PGC‐1α signaling pathway.
Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in Magnets Down to the Monolayer Limit
Authors: He Weiwei , Yin Yan , Gong Qihua , Evans Richard F. L. , Gutfleisch Oliver , Xu Bai‐Xiang , Yi Min , Guo Wanlin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract2D magnets can potentially revolutionize information technology, but their potential application to cooling technology and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in a material down to the monolayer limit remain unexplored. Herein, it is revealed through multiscale calculations the existence of giant MCE and its strain tunability in monolayer magnets such as CrX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I), CrAX (A = O, S, Se; X = F, Cl, Br, I), and Fe3GeTe2. The maximum adiabatic temperature change (), maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change, and specific cooling power in monolayer CrF3 are found as high as 11 K, 35 µJ m−2 K−1, and 3.5 nW cm−2 under a magnetic field of 5 T, respectively. A 2% biaxial and 5% a‐axis uniaxial compressive strain can remarkably increase of CrCl3 and CrOF by 230% and 37% (up to 15.3 and 6.0 K), respectively. It is found that large net magnetic moment per unit area favors improved MCE. These findings advocate the giant‐MCE monolayer magnets, opening new opportunities for magnetic cooling at nanoscale.
In Situ Constructed Perovskite–Chalcogenide Heterojunction for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Wang Jin , Zhang Meng , Zheng Song , Wu Jiahui , Zheng Tianren , Jiang Guocan , Li Zhengquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPerovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are promising candidates for solar‐to‐fuel conversions yet exhibit low photocatalytic activities mainly due to serious recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Constructing heterojunction is regarded as an effective method to promote the separation of charge carriers in PNCs. However, the low interfacial quality and non‐directional charge transfer in heterojunction lead to low charge transfer efficiency. Herein, a CsPbBr3–CdZnS heterojunction is designed and prepared via an in situ hot‐injection method for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. It is found that the high‐quality interface in heterojunction and anisotropic charge transfer of CdZnS nanorods (NRs) enable efficient spatial separation of charge carriers in CsPbBr3–CdZnS heterojunction. The CsPbBr3–CdZnS heterojunction achieves a higher CO yield (55.8 µmol g−1 h−1) than that of the pristine CsPbBr3 NCs (13.9 µmol g−1 h−1). Furthermore, spectroscopic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) simulations further confirm that the suppressed recombination of charge carriers and lowered energy barrier for CO2 reduction contribute to the improved photocatalytic activity of the CsPbBr3–CdZnS heterojunction. This work demonstrates a valid method to construct high‐quality heterojunction with directional charge transfer for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. This study is expected to pave a new avenue to design perovskite–chalcogenide heterojunction.
Saturated Coordination LuN6 Defect Sites for Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Liao Luliang , Xia Guomin , Yu Fuqing , Liu Xian , Shu Minxing , Zhang Guangyao , Zeng Xianshi , Wang Hongming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal single‐atom and internal structural defects typically coexist in M–N–C materials obtained through the existing basic pyrolysis processes. Identifying a correlation between them to understand the structure–activity relationship and achieve efficient catalytic performance is important, particularly for the rare‐earth (RE) elements with rich electron orbitals and strong coordination capabilities. Herein, a novel single‐atom catalyst based on the RE element lutetium is successfully synthesized on a N–C support. Structural and simulation analyses demonstrate that the formation of a LuN6 structural site with an individual defect because of pyrolysis is thermodynamically favorable in Lu–N–C. Using KHCO3‐based electrolytes facilitates the fall of the K+ cations into the defective sites of Lu–N–C, thus enabling improved CO2 capture and activation, which increases the catalyst conductivity for Lu–N–C. In this study, the catalyst exhibits a Faradaic efficiency of 95.1% for CO at a current density of 18.2 mA cm−2 during carbon dioxide reduction reaction. This study thus provides new insights into understanding RE–N–C materials for energy utilization.
Electronic Structure Engineered Heteroatom Doped All Transition Metal Sulfide Carbon Confined Heterostructure for Extrinsic Pseudocapacitor
Authors: Patil Amar M. , Moon Sunil , Roy Sanjib Baran , Ha Jisang , Chodankar Nilesh R. , Dubal Deepak P , Jadhav Arti A. , Guan Guoqing , Kang Keonwook , Jun Seong Chan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltra‐high energy density battery‐type materials are promising candidates for supercapacitors (SCs); however, slow ion kinetics and significant volume expansion remain major barriers to their practical applications. To address these issues, hierarchical lattice distorted α‐/γ‐MnS@CoxSy core‐shell heterostructure constrained in the sulphur (S), nitrogen (N) co‐doped carbon (C) metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) derived nanosheets (α‐/γ‐MnS@CoxSy@N, SC) have been developed. The coordination bonding among CoxSy, and α‐/γ‐MnS nanoparticles at the interfaces and the π–π stacking interactions developed across α‐/γ‐MnS@CoxSy and N, SC restrict volume expansion during cycling. Furthermore, the porous lattice distorted heteroatom‐enriched nanosheets contain a sufficient number of active sites to allow for efficient electron transportation. Density functional theory (DFT) confirms the significant change in electronic states caused by heteroatom doping and the formation of core‐shell structures, which provide more accessible species with excellent interlayer and interparticle conductivity, resulting in increased electrical conductivity. . The α‐/γ‐MnS@CoxSy@N, SC electrode exhibits an excellent specific capacity of 277 mA hg−1 and cycling stability over 23 600 cycles. A quasi‐solid‐state flexible extrinsic pseudocapacitor (QFEPs) assembled using layer‐by‐layer deposited multi‐walled carbon nanotube/Ti3C2TX nanocomposite negative electrode. QFEPs deliver specific energy of 64.8 Wh kg−1 (1.62 mWh cm−3) at a power of 933 W kg−1 and 92% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles.
Exploiting Zirconium‐Based Metallic Glass Thin Films for Anode‐Free Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Lithium Metal Batteries With Ultra‐Long Cycling Life
Authors: Kim Jong Gyeom , Gu Dongeun , Cho Kwang‐Hwan , Im Chae‐Yoon , Kim Suk Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoating Zr‐based metallic glass, Zr53Cu31Ni11Al5 (Zr‐MG), on a Cu current collector (CC) and Li metal anode (LMA) significantly improves the cycle performance of both types of Li‐ion batteries, namely, anode‐free Li‐ion batteries (AFLBs) and Li metal batteries (LMB). The inherent isotropy and homogeneity of the Zr‐MG significantly improve the surface uniformity of the CC and LMA. A 12 nm‐thick Zr‐MG thin film coating on the CC reduces the overpotential in the AFLB, leading to a more uniform Li plating morphology. The Li film covers almost the entire surface of the Zr‐CC, whereas it only covers ≈75% of the bare CC during charging. An LFP||Zr‐CC full‐cell exhibits a capacity retention of 63.6% after the 100th cycle, with an average CE of 99.55% at a 0.2 C rate. In the case of the LMB, a 12 nm‐thick Zr‐MG thin film‐coated LMA (Zr‐LMA) exhibits a stable capacity of up to 1500 cycles. An LFP||Zr‐LMA full‐cell exhibits capacity retention and CE after 1500 cycles of 66.6% and 99.97%, respectively, at a 1 C rate. Zirconium‐MG thin films with atomic‐level uniformity, outstanding corrosion resistance, lithiophilic characteristics, and high diffusivity result in superior AFLB and LMB performances.
Highly Sensitive Direct X‐Ray Detector Based on Copper(II) Coordination Polymer Single Crystal with Anisotropic Charge Transport
Authors: Li Bao‐Yi , Xie Mei‐Juan , Lu Jian , Wang Wen‐Fei , Li Rong , Mi Jia‐Rong , Wang Shuai‐Hua , Zheng Fa‐Kun , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnisotropic charge transport plays a pivotal role in clarifying the conductivity mechanism in direct X‐ray detection to improve the detection sensitivity. However, the anisotropic photoelectric effect of semiconductive single crystal responsive to X‐ray is still lacking of theoretical and experimental proof. The semiconductive coordination polymers (CPs) with designable structures, adjustable functions, and high crystallinity provide a suitable platform for exploring the anisotropic conductive mechanism. Here,the study first reveals a 1D conductive transmission path for direct X‐ray detection from the perspective of structural chemistry. The semiconductive copper(II)‐based CP 1 single crystal detector exhibits unique anisotropic X‐ray detection performance. Along the 1D π–π stacking direction, the single crystal device (1‐SC‐a) shows a superior sensitivity of 2697.15 µCGyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 1.02 µGyair s−1 among CPs‐based X‐ray detectors. This study provides beneficial guidance and deep insight for designing high‐performance CP‐based X‐ray detectors.
Highly Durable Spin Filter Switching Based on Self‐Assembled Chiral Molecular Motor
Authors: Malatong Ruttapol , Sato Takuro , Kumsampao Jakkapan , Minato Taketoshi , Suda Masayuki , Promarak Vinich , Yamamoto Hiroshi M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChiral molecules have recently received renewed interest as highly efficient sources of spin‐selective charge emission known as chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS), which potentially offers a fascinating utilization of organic chiral materials in novel solid‐state spintronic devices. However, a practical use of CISS remains far from completion, and rather fundamental obstacles such as (i) external controllability of spin, (ii) function durability, and (iii) improvement of spin‐polarization efficiency have not been surmounted to date. In this study, these issues are addressed by developing a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of overcrowded alkene (OCA)‐based molecular motor. With this system, it is successfully demonstrated that the direction of spin polarization can be externally and repeatedly manipulated in an extremely stable manner by switching the molecular chirality, which is achieved by a formation of the covalent bonds between the molecules and electrode. In addition, it is found that a higher stereo‐ordering architecture of the SAM of OCAs tailored by mixing them with simple alkanethiols considerably enhances the efficiency of spin polarization per a single OCA molecule. All these findings provide the creditable feasibility study for strongly boosting development of CISS‐based spintronic devices that can simultaneously fulfill the controllability, durability, and high spin‐polarization efficiency.