bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults: The relationship between subjective cognitive concerns, frequency of high neuropsychological test scores, and the frontoparietal control network
Authors: Karr Justin E. , Hakun Jonathan G. , Elbich Daniel B. , Pinheiro Cristina N. , Schmitt Frederick A. , Segerstrom Suzanne C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective:Neuropsychologists have difficulty detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults because greater neurological change must occur before cognitive performances are low enough to indicate decline or impairment. For high-functioning older adults, early neurological changes may correspond with subjective cognitive concerns and an absence of high scores. This study compared high-functioning older adults with and without subjective cognitive concerns, hypothesizing those with cognitive concerns would have fewer high scores on neuropsychological testing and lower frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity.Method:Participants had high estimated premorbid functioning (e.g., estimated intelligence ≥75th percentile or college-educated) and were divided based on subjective cognitive concerns. Participants with cognitive concerns (n = 35; 74.0 ± 9.6 years old, 62.9% female, 94.3% White) and without cognitive concerns (n = 33; 71.2 ± 7.1 years old, 75.8% female, 100% White) completed a neuropsychological battery of memory and executive function tests and underwent structural and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging, calculating frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity.Results:Participants with and without cognitive concerns had comparable numbers of low test scores (≤16th percentile), p = .103, d = .40. Participants with cognitive concerns had fewer high scores (≥75th percentile), p = .004, d = .71, and lower mean frontoparietal network volumes (left: p = .004, d = .74; right: p = .011, d = .66) and cortical thickness (left: p = .010, d = .66; right: p = .033, d = .54), but did not differ in network connectivity.Conclusions:Among high-functioning older adults, subjective cognitive decline may correspond with an absence of high scores on neuropsychological testing and underlying changes in the frontoparietal network that would not be detected by a traditional focus on low cognitive test scores.
Hydroinformatics: A review and future outlook
Authors: Loucks Daniel P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hydroinformatics is a technology that combines information and communications technologies together with various disciplinary optimization and simulation models that focus on the management of water. This paper reviews the historical development of hydroinformatics and summarizes the current state of this technology. It describes the range of modeling tools and applications currently described in hydroinformatics literature. The paper concludes with some speculations about possible future developments in hydroinformatics.
Narrow Width Farley‐Buneman Spectra Above 100 km Altitude
Authors: St‐Maurice Jean‐Pierre , Huyghebaert Devin , Ivarsen Magnus F. , Hussey Glenn C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor spectra associated with full turbulence the observed mean phase velocity of unstable Farley‐Buneman waves has been found not to exceed the ion‐acoustic speed, cs. This has been attributed to various nonlinear processes. However, weakly turbulent modes are also excited on the edge of the “instability cone.” These modes have to be actual eigenmodes predicted by linear instability theory near‐threshold conditions. Unlike the modes that are associated with strong turbulence, these weakly turbulent modes are affected by the ion drift. This can make the Doppler shift of narrow spectra reach as high as the E × B drift velocity in the upper portion of the unstable layer at small aspect angles. Slow narrow spectra are also predicted nearer the E direction. We have produced a model of the Doppler shift of narrow‐width spectra under various electric field conditions above 100 km altitude. While the fluid dispersion relation is used to clarity the physics, we have also found the eigenmodes from an accepted kinetic dispersion relation. The calculations include a new model of the ion‐acoustic speed based on an empirical model of the electron temperature and of ion frictional heating under strong electric field conditions. The model provides an explanation for various VHF observations of the Doppler shift of narrow spectra that have been called “Type III spectra” and “Type IV spectra” in the existing literature.
Interdecadal Variability in the Interface Between the Indian Summer Monsoon and the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Gui Shu , Yang Ruowen , Zeng Feng , Cheng Jinxin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the interdecadal variability (IDV) of the interface between the Indian summer monsoon and the East Asian summer monsoon (IIE). Results suggest that the IDV of the IIE is characterized by a uniform zonal movement associated with seesaw variations between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The IDV of the IIE is closely linked to two air–sea coupled modes: one resembles the Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO) and the other resembles the North Atlantic tripole (NAT) pattern. Both the APO‐like and NAT‐like patterns facilitate an eastward shift of the IIE during their positive phase. The APO‐like mode strengthens the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), which further enhances the climatological southwesterly wind over East Asia and leads to an intensification of the EASM. The simultaneous anticyclonic anomaly over the India and Bay of Bengal (BOB) region weakens the ISM. The NAT‐like mode forces a wave train of alternating cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies across Eurasia, causing southwesterly anomalies over East Asia that favors a stronger EASM. The atmospheric response is reversed during the negative phases of the APO‐like and NAT‐like patterns. Recent decades have seen a weakening influence of the APO‐like mode, but a growing impact of the NAT‐like mode on the IIE‐IDV. The interdecadal transition of the IIE–APO and IIE–NAT relationships has a smaller influence on the IIE than that of the phase change of the APO‐like and NAT‐like patterns. Modeling results confirm the influence of the APO‐like and NAT‐like patterns on the IIE‐IDV.
Mechanisms of Ageostrophic Wind Convergence in the Boundary Layer of Coastal Warm‐Sector Extreme Heavy Rainfall in South China
Authors: Xia Fan , Huang Xiaogang , Fei Jianfang , Wang Ju , Cheng Xiaoping , Zhang Chi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe South China coast has a high incidence of warm‐sector heavy rainfall (WSHR) events. The ageostrophic winds in the boundary layer in most of these events associated with the southwesterly boundary layer jets (BLJs) mainly exhibit strong convergence at rainfall area. In this paper, we analyze two case studies of WSHR in May 2013 and May 2015, which occurred in similar synoptic environments but varied in intensity, extent, and duration of rainfall, where the ageostrophic winds are the confrontational confluence and asymptotic confluence pattern, respectively. ERA‐5 reanalysis data and the diagnostic equation of ageostrophic wind are used to examine the factors affecting the ageostrophic winds in the northern land region and the southern offshore region of the rainfall. The results suggest that land‐sea contrast leads to the convergence of ageostrophic winds in the rainfall area. Boundary layer friction dominates the northeasterly ageostrophic winds on land. The diurnal variation of BLJs dominates the ageostrophic winds and their diurnal variation at sea. It can contribute southwesterly or southeasterly ageostrophic winds, so the phase difference between the land and sea forms confrontational or asymptotic confluence, respectively. BLJs with different intensities, extents, and diurnal variations can lead to different ageostrophic wind patterns and their confluence modes. The land‐sea thermal contrast can directly affect ageostrophic winds, and it can also affect the diurnal variation of BLJs, thus affecting the ageostrophic winds and their confluence mode. It is further verified that the BLJs and thermal forcing are important in WSHR processes in South China.
Pore‐Scale Modeling of Coupled CO2 Flow and Dissolution in 3D Porous Media for Geological Carbon Storage
Authors: Yang Yongfei , Wang Jinlei , Wang Jianzhong , Li Yingwen , Sun Hai , Zhang Lei , Zhong Junjie , Zhang Kai , Yao Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDissolution trapping is one of the crucial trapping mechanisms for geological carbon storage in deep saline aquifers. The injected supercritical CO2 (scCO2) flow and dissolution processes are coupled and interact with each other. Therefore, we performed direct numerical simulations in three‐dimensional micro‐CT images of sandstones using the volume of fluid and continuous species transfer method. We investigated the coupled scCO2 flow and dissolution processes at pore‐scale under different rock structures, capillary numbers, and rock wettability conditions. The dynamic evolution of the scCO2/brine phase distribution and scCO2 concentration distribution occurring during the injection period were presented and analyzed. Complicated coupling mechanisms between scCO2‐brine two‐phase flow and interphase mass transfer were also revealed. Our results showed that the scCO2 dissolution was highly dependent on the local distribution of scCO2 clusters. The rock with relatively high porosity and permeability would have more capacity for scCO2 injection resulting in a faster and greater dissolution of scCO2 in brine. The effect of capillary number on the scCO2 dissolution process was related to the range of capillary number. The effective upscaled (macro‐scale) mass transfer coefficient (kA) during scCO2 dissolution was evaluated, and the power‐law relationship between kA and Péclet number was obtained. Rock wettability was found to be another factor controlling the scCO2 dissolution process by affecting the scCO2‐brine interfacial area. Our pore‐scale study provides a deep understanding of the scCO2 dissolution trapping mechanism, which is important to enhance the prediction of sequestration risk and improve sequestration efficiency.
Nutrients patterns and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among Egyptian children: a sibling and community matched case-control study
Authors: Gumma Samia Dahshan , Elotla Sally Fawzy , Ibrahim Omneya Youssef , Rizkalla Nadia Hosny 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis has been growing among children, with great public health concern. The relationship between nutrient intake pattern and ADHD remains unclear.

Aim
To identify the nutrient intake patterns and its association with ADHD in children.

Subjects and methods
The study involved 146 children with ADHD, 141 control sibling, and 146 community controls. ADHD diagnosis was confirmed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) criteria following the assessment by the long-form Conner’s Scale. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrients patterns were identified using the principal component analysis (PCA).

Results
ADHD children have significantly higher mean total energy intake than community controls and siblings (8867.9, 4481.9 and 7308.2 KJ, respectively, p < 0.001). Four nutrient patterns extracted by the PCA explained 75.9% of the total variance. Lower tertiles of “predominantly calcium-phosphorus; pattern 1” and “predominantly-vitamins; pattern 3” were significantly associated with increasing odds of ADHD, compared to community controls (p for trend: 0.002 and 0.005, respectively), while the same associations were noted in “predominantly-vitamins” and “predominantly Zinc-Iron; pattern 2” when compared to siblings (p for trend: <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). However, Higher tertiles of macronutrients; pattern 4” were associated with increased ADHD odds, compared to either community controls or siblings (p for trend: 0.017 and <0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
Lower intakes of nutrients patterns of minerals and vitamins, and higher intakes of macronutrients were associated with increased likelihood of ADHD in children.
Engineering microbial division of labor for plastic upcycling
Authors: Bao Teng , Qian Yuanchao , Xin Yongping , Collins James J. , Lu Ting 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlastic pollution is rapidly increasing worldwide, causing adverse impacts on the environment, wildlife and human health. One tempting solution to this crisis is upcycling plastics into products with engineered microorganisms; however, this remains challenging due to complexity in conversion. Here we present a synthetic microbial consortium that efficiently degrades polyethylene terephthalate hydrolysate and subsequently produces desired chemicals through division of labor. The consortium involves two Pseudomonas putida strains, specializing in terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol utilization respectively, to achieve complete substrate assimilation. Compared with its monoculture counterpart, the consortium exhibits reduced catabolic crosstalk and faster deconstruction, particularly when substrate concentrations are high or crude hydrolysate is used. It also outperforms monoculture when polyhydroxyalkanoates serves as a target product and confers flexible tuning through population modulation for cis-cis muconate synthesis. This work demonstrates engineered consortia as a promising, effective platform that may facilitate polymer upcycling and environmental sustainability.
Orai inhibition modulates pulmonary ILC2 metabolism and alleviates airway hyperreactivity in murine and humanized models
Authors: Howard Emily , Hurrell Benjamin P. , Helou Doumet Georges , Shafiei-Jahani Pedram , Hasiakos Spyridon , Painter Jacob , Srikanth Sonal , Gwack Yousang , Akbari Omid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCa2+ entry via Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels is a predominant mechanism of intracellular Ca2+ elevation in immune cells. Here we show the immunoregulatory role of CRAC channel components Orai1 and Orai2 in Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), that play crucial roles in the induction of type 2 inflammation. We find that blocking or genetic ablation of Orai1 and Orai2 downregulates ILC2 effector function and cytokine production, consequently ameliorating the development of ILC2-mediated airway inflammation in multiple murine models. Mechanistically, ILC2 metabolic and mitochondrial homeostasis are inhibited and lead to the upregulation of reactive oxygen species production. We confirm our findings in human ILC2s, as blocking Orai1 and Orai2 prevents the development of airway hyperreactivity in humanized mice. Our findings have a broad impact on the basic understanding of Ca2+ signaling in ILC2 biology, providing potential insights into the development of therapies for the treatment of allergic and atopic inflammatory diseases.
Multimaterial fiber as a physical simulator of a capillary instability
Authors: Faccini de Lima Camila , Wang Fan , Leffel Troy A. , Miller Tyson , Johnson Steven G. , Gumennik Alexander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCapillary breakup of cores is an exclusive approach to fabricating fiber-integrated optoelectronics and photonics. A physical understanding of this fluid-dynamic process is necessary for yielding the desired solid-state fiber-embedded multimaterial architectures by design rather than by exploratory search. We discover that the nonlinearly complex and, at times, even chaotic capillary breakup of multimaterial fiber cores becomes predictable when the fiber is exposed to the spatiotemporal temperature profile, imposing a viscosity modulation comparable to the breakup wavelength. The profile acts as a notch filter, allowing only a single wavelength out of the continuous spectrum to develop predictably, following Euler-Lagrange dynamics. We argue that this understanding not only enables designing the outcomes of the breakup necessary for turning it into a technology for materializing fiber-embedded functional systems but also positions a multimaterial fiber as a universal physical simulator of capillary instability in viscous threads.
Tracing immune cells around biomaterials with spatial anchors during large-scale wound regeneration
Authors: Yang Yang , Chu Chenyu , Liu Li , Wang Chenbing , Hu Chen , Rung Shengan , Man Yi , Qu Yili 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSkin scarring devoid of dermal appendages after severe trauma has unfavorable effects on aesthetic and physiological functions. Here we present a method for large-area wound regeneration using biodegradable aligned extracellular matrix scaffolds. We show that the implantation of these scaffolds accelerates wound coverage and enhances hair follicle neogenesis. We perform multimodal analysis, in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, to explore the immune responses around biomaterials, highlighting the potential role of regulatory T cells in mitigating tissue fibrous by suppressing excessive type 2 inflammation. We find that immunodeficient mice lacking mature T lymphocytes show the typical characteristic of tissue fibrous driven by type 2 macrophage inflammation, validating the potential therapeutic effect of the adaptive immune system activated by biomaterials. These findings contribute to our understanding of the coordination of immune systems in wound regeneration and facilitate the design of immunoregulatory biomaterials in the future.
Engineering the formation of spin-defects from first principles
Authors: Zhang Cunzhi , Gygi Francois , Galli Giulia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe full realization of spin qubits for quantum technologies relies on the ability to control and design the formation processes of spin defects in semiconductors and insulators. We present a computational protocol to investigate the synthesis of point-defects at the atomistic level, and we apply it to the study of a promising spin-qubit in silicon carbide, the divacancy (VV). Our strategy combines electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory and enhanced sampling techniques coupled with first principles molecular dynamics. We predict the optimal annealing temperatures for the formation of VVs at high temperature and show how to engineer the Fermi level of the material to optimize the defect’s yield for several polytypes of silicon carbide. Our results are in excellent agreement with available experimental data and provide novel atomistic insights into point defect formation and annihilation processes as a function of temperature.
Neurophysiological signatures of cortical micro-architecture
Authors: Shafiei Golia , Fulcher Ben D. , Voytek Bradley , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Baillet Sylvain , Misic Bratislav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSystematic spatial variation in micro-architecture is observed across the cortex. These micro-architectural gradients are reflected in neural activity, which can be captured by neurophysiological time-series. How spontaneous neurophysiological dynamics are organized across the cortex and how they arise from heterogeneous cortical micro-architecture remains unknown. Here we extensively profile regional neurophysiological dynamics across the human brain by estimating over 6800 time-series features from the resting state magnetoencephalography (MEG) signal. We then map regional time-series profiles to a comprehensive multi-modal, multi-scale atlas of cortical micro-architecture, including microstructure, metabolism, neurotransmitter receptors, cell types and laminar differentiation. We find that the dominant axis of neurophysiological dynamics reflects characteristics of power spectrum density and linear correlation structure of the signal, emphasizing the importance of conventional features of electromagnetic dynamics while identifying additional informative features that have traditionally received less attention. Moreover, spatial variation in neurophysiological dynamics is co-localized with multiple micro-architectural features, including gene expression gradients, intracortical myelin, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, and oxygen and glucose metabolism. Collectively, this work opens new avenues for studying the anatomical basis of neural activity.
PARP14 inhibition restores PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor response following IFNγ-driven acquired resistance in preclinical cancer models
Authors: Wong Chun Wai , Evangelou Christos , Sefton Kieran N. , Leshem Rotem , Zhang Wei , Gopalan Vishaka , Chattrakarn Sorayut , Fernandez Carro Macarena Lucia , Uzuner Erez , Mole Holly , Wilcock Daniel J. , Smith Michael P. , Sergiou Kleita , Telfer Brian A. , Isaac Dervla T. , Liu Chang , Perl Nicholas R. , Marie Kerrie , Lorigan Paul , Williams Kaye J. , Rao Patricia E. , Nagaraju Raghavendar T. , Niepel Mario , Hurlstone Adam F. L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) limit its response duration and magnitude. Paradoxically, Interferon γ (IFNγ), a key cytokine for cellular immunity, can promote ICBT resistance. Using syngeneic mouse tumour models, we confirm that chronic IFNγ exposure confers resistance to immunotherapy targeting PD-1 (α-PD-1) in immunocompetent female mice. We observe upregulation of poly-ADP ribosyl polymerase 14 (PARP14) in chronic IFNγ-treated cancer cell models, in patient melanoma with elevated IFNG expression, and in melanoma cell cultures from ICBT-progressing lesions characterised by elevated IFNγ signalling. Effector T cell infiltration is enhanced in tumours derived from cells pre-treated with IFNγ in immunocompetent female mice when PARP14 is pharmacologically inhibited or knocked down, while the presence of regulatory T cells is decreased, leading to restoration of α-PD-1 sensitivity. Finally, we determine that tumours which spontaneously relapse in immunocompetent female mice following α-PD-1 therapy upregulate IFNγ signalling and can also be re-sensitised upon receiving PARP14 inhibitor treatment, establishing PARP14 as an actionable target to reverse IFNγ-driven ICBT resistance.
Feedforward attentional selection in sensory cortex
Authors: Westerberg Jacob A. , Schall Jeffrey D. , Woodman Geoffrey F. , Maier Alexander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSalient objects grab attention because they stand out from their surroundings. Whether this phenomenon is accomplished by bottom-up sensory processing or requires top-down guidance is debated. We tested these alternative hypotheses by measuring how early and in which cortical layer(s) neural spiking distinguished a target from a distractor. We measured synaptic and spiking activity across cortical columns in mid-level area V4 of male macaque monkeys performing visual search for a color singleton. A neural signature of attentional capture was observed in the earliest response in the input layer 4. The magnitude of this response predicted response time and accuracy. Errant behavior followed errant selection. Because this response preceded top-down influences and arose in the cortical layer not targeted by top-down connections, these findings demonstrate that feedforward activation of sensory cortex can underlie attentional priority.