bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Distribution of and Access to Free Meal Sites Serving School Aged Children During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Evidence From Texas
Authors: Toossi Saied 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted access to school meal programs, putting children and adolescents at greater risk for food and nutrition insecurity. In response, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) waived restrictions on where free meal sites (FMS) operating through its summer meal programs could locate. This study assesses whether and how the distribution of FMS across communities and access to them changed after the waiver.MethodsThis study used administrative and survey data on all FMS and census tracts in Texas for July 2019, before the waiver, and July 2020, after the waiver. Changes in the characteristics of tracts hosting an FMS and the share within accessible range of a site were evaluated using t‐tests. These were supplemented with multilevel conditional logit models linking tract characteristics to the likelihood of hosting an FMS and estimates for the number of children and adolescents with access to an FMS.FindingsMore FMS were operating after the waiver, and these were spread across a wider range of census tracts. An estimated 213,158 additional children and adolescents gained access to an FMS, including those at highest risk for food and nutrition insecurity.Implications for School Health PolicyRelaxing restrictions on the location of FMS can expand children and adolescent's access to meals during expected and unexpected disruptions to school meal programs.
High School Students' and Teachers' Mental Health Literacy Levels in Istanbul, Turkey: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Arslan Seyma , Karabey Selma 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMental health literacy is important for awareness of mental illnesses in adolescence, which is the initial period of mental disorders. Determining the levels of mental health literacy guides studies in activities promoting mental health. This study aimed to determine the mental health literacy levels of high school students and teachers and related factors.METHODSOur study is a cross‐sectional study. A total of 1051 people (students and teachers) were included in the Fatih District of Istanbul were included in our study. The mental health literacy levels of the participants were evaluated with the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire. This questionnaire includes scenarios about mental problems called “vignettes” and questions about them.RESULTSStudents' recognition percentages of depression, schizophrenia, and social phobia vignettes were found to be 28.1%, 46.5%, and 5.9%, respectively. For the person who was described in the vignettes, the “family physician” was chosen as the least by students and teachers. A statistically significant relationship was found between students' mental health literacy levels and sex, grade, father education levels, and experiencing vignette similar issues (p < .005). Additionally, teachers who were not school administrators and experienced vignette similar issues levels were higher (p < .005).CONCLUSIONSThese results showed us that mental health literacy levels are low in high schools. School‐based intervention studies on this issue are of critical importance. In addition, it is seen that individuals do not consider asking for help with mental health problems from primary care services. This shows the inadequacy of the integration of primary health care services and mental health services.
Mechanisms of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia
Authors: Altena Ellemarije , Ellis Jason , Camart Nathalie , Guichard Kelly , Bastien Célyne 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAlthough much is known now about behavioural, cognitive and physiological consequences of insomnia, little is known about changes after cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on these particular factors. We here report baseline findings on each of these factors in insomnia, after which we address findings on their changes after cognitive behavioural therapy. Sleep restriction remains the strongest determinant of insomnia treatment success. Cognitive interventions addressing dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, sleep‐related selective attention, worry and rumination further drive effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. Future studies should focus on physiological changes after cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, such as changes in hyperarousal and brain activity, as literature on these changes is sparse. We introduce a detailed clinical research agenda on how to address this topic.
The use of current knowledge and non‐invasive testing modalities for predicting at‐risk non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and assessing fibrosis
Authors: Kugelmas Marcelo , Noureddin Mazen , Gunn Nadege , Brown Kimberly , Younossi Zobair , Abdelmalek Manal , Alkhouri Naim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is ongoing recognition of the burden of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with fibrosis being the most important histological feature that is associated with progression to cirrhosis and the occurrence of major adverse liver outcomes. Liver biopsy is the gold standard applied to detect NASH and determine the stage of fibrosis, but its use is limited. There is a need for non‐invasive testing (NIT) techniques to identify patients considered at‐risk NASH (NASH with NAFLD activity score > 4 and ≥ F2 fibrosis). For NAFLD‐associated fibrosis, several wet (serological) and dry (imaging) NITs are available and demonstrate a high negative predictive value (NPV) for excluding those with advanced hepatic fibrosis. However, identifying at‐risk NASH is more challenging; there is little guidance on how to use available NITs for these purposes, and these NITs are not specifically designed to identify at‐risk NASH patients. This review discusses the need for NITs in NAFLD and NASH and provides data to support the use of NITs, focusing on newer methods to non‐invasively identify at‐risk NASH patients. This review concludes with an algorithm that serves as an example of how NITs can be integrated into care pathways of patients with suspected NAFLD and potential NASH. This algorithm can be used for staging, risk stratification and the effective transition of patients who may benefit from specialty care.
Regeneration of pavement surface textures using M‐sigmoid‐normalized generative adversarial networks
Authors: Lu Jiale , Pan Baofeng , Ren Weixin , Liu Quan , Liu Pengfei , Oeser Markus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe high cost of collecting surficial textures has been the bottleneck problem for many decades. To bridge this gap, this study aims to propose a complete framework based on the generative adversarial networks (GANs) architecture for texture regeneration using limited texture data samples. Four variants of the GAN were compared to achieve the best regeneration performance. Prior to running GAN, specifically improved data augmentation and modified sigmoid normalization operations were dedicated to avoiding the loss of texture information and the non‐convergence problem. After running GAN, the estimation metrics were introduced and discussed separately to quantitatively evaluate the rationality and diversity of the regenerated textures. The results demonstrated that the use of improved data augmentation and normalization methods significantly enhanced the regeneration capability of GAN, and more importantly the skewed distribution of surficial heights which is not achievable by present texture regeneration methods was most effectively regenerated by deep regret analytic GAN with well generalization ability. Our study provides a promising choice to generate virtually realistic pavement surface textures.
Structural variation of a sex‐linked region confers monoecy and implicates GATA15 as a master regulator of sex in Salix purpurea
Authors: Hyden Brennan , Zou Junzhu , Wilkerson Dustin G. , Carlson Craig H. , Robles Ayiana Rivera , DiFazio Stephen P. , Smart Lawrence B. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The Salicaceae, including Populus and Salix, are dioecious perennials that utilize different sex determination systems. This family provides a useful system to better understand the evolution of dioecy and sex chromosomes.
Here, a rare monoecious genotype of Salix purpurea, 94003, was self‐ and cross‐pollinated and progeny sex ratios were used to test hypotheses on possible mechanisms of sex determination. To delimit genomic regions associated with monoecious expression, the 94003 genome sequence was assembled and DNA‐ and RNA‐Seq of progeny inflorescences was performed.
Based on alignments of progeny shotgun DNA sequences to the haplotype‐resolved monoecious 94003 genome assembly and reference male and female genomes, a 1.15 Mb sex‐linked region on Chr15W was confirmed to be absent in monecious plants. Inheritance of this structural variation is responsible for the loss of a male‐suppressing function in what would otherwise be genetic females (ZW), resulting in monoecy (ZWH or WWH), or lethality, if homozygous (WHWH).
We present a refined, two‐gene sex determination model for Salix purpurea, mediated by ARR17 and GATA15 that is different from the single‐gene ARR17‐mediated system in the related genus Populus.
A combinatorial TRM‐OFP module bilaterally fine‐tunes tomato fruit shape
Authors: Zhang Biyao , Li Qiang , Keyhaninejad Neda , Taitano Nathan , Sapkota Manoj , Snouffer Ashley , van der Knaap Esther 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The mechanisms that regulate the vast diversity of plant organ shapes such as the fruit remain to be fully elucidated. TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif proteins (TRMs) have been implicated in the control of organ shapes in a number of plant species, including tomato. However, the role of many of them is unknown. TRMs interact with Ovate Family Proteins (OFPs) via the M8 domain. However, the in planta function of the TRM‐OFP interaction in regulating shape is unknown.
We used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate knockout mutants in TRM proteins from different subclades and in‐frame mutants within the M8 domain to investigate their roles in organ shape and interactions with OFPs.
Our findings indicate that TRMs impact organ shape along both the mediolateral and proximo‐distal axes of growth. Mutations in Sltrm3/4 and Sltrm5 act additively to rescue the elongated fruit phenotype of ovate/Slofp20 (o/s) to a round shape. Contrary, mutations in Sltrm19 and Sltrm17/20a result in fruit elongation and further enhance the obovoid phenotype in the o/s mutant.
This study supports a combinatorial role of the TRM‐OFP regulon where OFPs and TRMs expressed throughout development have both redundant and opposing roles in regulating organ shape.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi‐indicative blumenol‐C‐glucosides predict lipid accumulations and fitness in plants grown without competitors
Authors: You Yanrong , Ray Rishav , Halitschke Rayko , Baldwin Gundega , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Hydroxy‐ and carboxyblumenol C‐glucosides specifically accumulate in roots and leaves of plants harboring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).
To explore blumenol function in AMF relationships, we silenced an early key‐gene in blumenol biosynthesis, CCD1 (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1), in the ecological model plant, Nicotiana attenuata, and analyzed whole‐plant performance in comparison with control and CCaMK‐silenced plants, unable to form AMF associations.
Root blumenol accumulations reflected a plant's Darwinian fitness, as estimated by capsule production, and were positively correlated with AMF‐specific lipid accumulations in roots, with relationships that changed as plants matured when grown without competitors. When grown with wild‐type competitors, transformed plants with decreased photosynthetic capacity or increased carbon flux to roots had blumenol accumulations that predicted plant fitness and genotype trends in AMF‐specific lipids, but had similar levels of AMF‐specific lipids between competing plants, likely reflecting AMF‐networks.
We propose that when grown in isolation, blumenol accumulations reflect AMF‐specific lipid allocations and plant fitness. When grown with competitors, blumenol accumulations predict fitness outcomes, but not the more complicated AMF‐specific lipid accumulations. RNA‐seq analysis provided candidates for the final biosynthetic steps of these AMF‐indicative blumenol C‐glucosides; abrogation of these steps will provide valuable tools for understanding blumenol function in this context‐dependent mutualism.
Astrocytic contributions to Huntington's disease pathophysiology
Authors: Khakh Baljit S. , Goldman Steven A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, monogenic, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine‐encoding CAG expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene that results in mutant huntingtin proteins (mHTT) in cells throughout the body. Although large parts of the central nervous system (CNS) are affected, the striatum is especially vulnerable and undergoes marked atrophy. Astrocytes are abundant within the striatum and contain mHTT in HD, as well as in mouse models of the disease. We focus on striatal astrocytes and summarize how they participate in, and contribute to, molecular pathophysiology and disease‐related phenotypes in HD model mice. Where possible, reference is made to pertinent astrocyte alterations in human HD. Astrocytic dysfunctions related to cellular morphology, extracellular ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, and metabolic support all accompany the development and progression of HD, in both transgenic mouse and human cellular and chimeric models of HD. These findings reveal the potential for the therapeutic targeting of astrocytes so as to restore synaptic as well as tissue homeostasis in HD. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which astrocytes contribute to HD pathogenesis may inform a broader understanding of the role of glial pathology in neurodegenerative disorders and, by so doing, enable new strategies of glial‐directed therapeutics.
Sources of online information utilized by caregivers of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Rowe Georgina , Young Grace J. , Luu Minnelly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is limited information on the use of websites and social media platforms among dermatology patients. This survey study of 210 children with atopic dermatitis and their caretakers who attended dermatology clinic from 6/1/2020 through 5/1/2021 revealed that 83.8% had used online sources for information related to their condition. There was wide variation in the sources used and the participants' perceived trustworthiness of these. This study highlights the importance of physicians actively engaging with the online sources used by patients with atopic dermatitis and their caregivers during counseling in clinic.
Institutional constraints on the executive, investment, and elections
Authors: Canes‐Wrone Brandice , Ponce de León Christian , Thieme Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, a variety of countries worldwide have experienced an increase in executive power. Long‐standing concerns about this concentration include reduced property rights protection. Particularly for developing democracies, scholars theorize that a lack of institutional constraints on the executive may impede long‐term investment. Analyzing this question empirically has proven difficult, however, because economic activity can affect political institutions and behavior. This article, which analyzes four decades of data from 57 developing democracies, addresses the identification challenges by leveraging elections as a source of exogenous turnover and by accounting for the potential endogeneity of executive institutions. Consistent with the argument that institutional constraints reassure investors, the results suggest that as constraints on the executive increase, investment is less affected by prospective electoral turnover. Moreover, the results are stronger for presidential and semi‐presidential systems with fixed elections, where the chief executive's term cannot be ended early by elections or the legislature, than for parliamentary systems.
The magnitude and time‐course of physiological responses to 9 weeks of incremental ramp testing
Authors: Zinner Christoph , Gerspitzer Annika , Düking Peter , Boone Jan , Schiffer Thorsten , Holmberg Hans‐Christer , Sperlich Billy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to assess (1) the day‐to‐day variability in, and (2) the magnitude and time‐course of adaptation of physiological parameters (i.e., maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max], heart rate [HR], blood lactate concentration, respiratory exchange ratio [RER], ratings of perceived exertion [RPE], and time‐to‐exhaustion [TTE]) in response to an intervention involving three incremental ramp tests per week for 9 weeks.MethodsTwelve participants (25 ± 4 yrs, VO2max, 47.8 ± 5.2 mL∙min−1∙kg−1 (means ± SD)) completed the entire experimental procedure. The tests comprised a 5‐min constant workload to obtain submaximal parameters followed by an incremental protocol until exhaustion.ResultsThe mean day‐to‐day variability for the maximal value of VO2 was 2.8%, 1.1% for HR, 18.1% for blood lactate concentration, 2.1% for RER, 1.1% for RPE, and 5.0% for TTE. The values for the corresponding submaximal variables were 3.8% for VO2, 2.1% for HR, 15.6% for blood lactate concentration, 2.6% for RER and 6.0% for RPE. VO2max (+4.7% ± 3.5%), TTE (+17.9% ± 8.6%), and submaximal HR (−3.2 ± 3.5%) improved significantly. Except for RPE (p < 0.01), there were no alterations in the coefficient of variation for any parameter. On the group level, the first changes greater than the day‐to‐day variability in VO2max, TTE, and submaximal HR were observed after 21, 12, and 9 training sessions, respectively.ConclusionBased on our findings, we recommend that training studies include assessment of the reliability of the measurements, for example, the CVs in the specific laboratory to be able to judge if the changes detected are actually physiological.
Toward an agency‐centered iterative approach to social movement repression
Authors: Nepstad Sharon Erickson 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is a significant amount of research that analyzes the consequences of repression on social movement mobilization. Yet most studies do not examine the strategic agency of protesters, who can avoid, minimize, or transform punitive sanctions. In this article, I call for an agency‐centered approach that highlights the iterative dynamics between protesters and agents of repression, emphasizing that the consequences of repression are largely shaped by activists' responses. Reviewing the literature on this topic, I summarize common methods of repression used by both the state and private citizens—such as information gathering, planting provocateurs, legal harassment, and direct violence. I also discuss movement counter‐methods for muting the impact of repression, which include tactical shifts, decentralized organizational structures, and obstructing surveillance technologies, among others. While researchers have documented typical methods of social control, we must also capture protesters' tool kit of strategic responses that enable movements to persist during periods of repression.
Clinical utility of67Gallium‐SPECT/CTfor determining osteotomy indication in patients with lower‐limb osteomyelitis
Authors: Kirinoki‐Ichikawa Sonoko , Takagi Gen , Fukushima Yoshimitsu , Tara Shuhei , Miyamoto Masaaki , Kumita Shinichiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStandard non‐invasive methods for diagnosing and selecting the best treatment for osteomyelitis in patients with multiple chronic conditions remain to be established. We aimed to evaluate the ability of quantitative67Ga‐citrate single‐photon emission computed tomography (67Ga‐SPECT/CT) to determine the indication for either non‐surgical treatment or osteotomy in patients with lower‐limb osteomyelitis (LLOM) associated with diabetes mellitus and lower‐extremity ischemia, based on monitoring of inflammatory activity in bone tissue. This single‐centre prospective study conducted from January 2012 to July 2017 included 90 consecutive patients with suspected LLOM. Regions of interest were drawn on SPECT images during quantification of Ga accumulation. Subsequently, the inflammation‐to‐background ratio (IBR) was calculated by dividing the maximal accumulated lesion number by the mean number for the distal femur bone marrow of the unaffected side. Osteotomy was performed in 28 of 90 patients (31%). The osteotomy rate was higher for patients with IBR >8.4 (71.4%) than for those with IBR ≤8.4 (5.5%) (p < 0.001, sensitivity: 0.89, specificity: 0.84). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, IBR >8.4 was an independent risk factor for osteotomy (hazard ratio [HR]: 19.0, 95% confident interval [CI]: 5.6–63.9,p < 0.001). Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) was identified as an independent risk factor for lower‐limb amputation (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–0.99,p = 0.01). The current results indicate that quantitative67Ga‐SPECT/CT is useful for distinguishing patients with LLOM likely to require osteotomy.