bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
55 Investigating the Potential Benefits of an Immunostimulant (Mycobacterium Cell Wall Fraction) Treatment on Increased Pregnancy Success of Embryo Transfer Recipients
Authors: Vidlund Trinity , Pancini Stefania , Goncherenko Guillermo , Dias Nicholas W , Craun Hannah , Klonicke Zachary , Hinshaw Randall , Switzer Matthew , Giles Ryan , Mercadante Vitor R G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Modulating the vaginal and uterine microbiome through the use of immunostimulants has the potential to improve fertility in cattle. The object of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of an immunostimulant, mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF), to increase pregnancy success of embryo transfer (ET) recipients. The three main objectives of this study were: determining if injecting ET recipient cows with MCWF increased proportion of cows with a corpus luteum (CL) on ET day, identifying differences in CL volume and progesterone concentration at the time of ET, and determining if ET recipients that received MCWF have greater pregnancy rate. A total of 926 beef cows at eight different locations were enrolled in this study. Primiparous and multiparous cattle were enrolled in a 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR estrous synchronization protocol. During this protocol, cows received an injection of GnRH (100-μg) at CIDR (controlled internal drug release) insertion [d -9], a prostaglandin F2α injection (25 mg), and CIDR removal [d-2] followed by another injection of GnRH (100 μg; d 0) within 60-66 hours after CIDR removal. At each location at (d 0), cows were sorted based on BCS and days post-partum and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) MCWF- a single intramuscular injection (5 mL) of MCWF at (d 0; Amplimune, NovaVive Inc.; n = 452) or 2) Control- a single intramuscular injection (5 mL) of saline (n = 474). Seven days after (d 7), cows were examined by ultrasonography to determine if a CL was present. Recipient cows that had a CL received ET with a frozen or fresh in vivo or in vitro produced embryo in the ipsilateral uterine horn to the CL, with embryo type and grade balanced between treatments. Blood samples were collected in one location (n = 98) for analysis of plasma concentration of progesterone on (d 7) ET day. Pregnancy diagnosis was then performed by ultrasonography between 30 and 90 days of gestation. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX and MIXED procedures of SAS. Cow BCS and days postpartum were similar (P &gt; 0.10) between treatments (5.5 ± 0.6 and 103 ± 14 days, respectively). Recipient cow utilization rate was similar between treatments (P = 0.49; 81.2 ± 0.42%). At the time of ET MCWF had larger CL than Control cows (5,768.6 ± 133.7 and 5,408.0 ± 128.5 mm3, respectively, P = 0.03). and increased progesterone concentration (2.68 ± 0.17 and 2.18 ± 0.14 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.01). However, pregnancy rate to ET was similar (P = 0.922) between treatments (60.9 and 61.3 ± 0.05% for Control and MCWF, respectively). In conclusion, treatment of ET recipient cows with MCWF increased CL volume and concentration of progesterone at the time of ET but failed to generate greater pregnancy rates.
129 Case Study: Passage Dynamics of Whole Cottonseed in Beef Cattle
Authors: Underwood Anna G , Martin Steve , Greene Wayne , Smith William B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Whole cottonseed (WCS) has long been a viable supplement in southern beef production systems, but new cultivars and ginning innovations have renewed interest in its use. Ad libitum supplementation of WCS, however, leads to increased fat intake, potentially resulting in reduced fiber digestibility. However, gestating and lactating beef cows have been observed to have adequate or optimum performance under supplementation scenarios as much as 3.6 kg∙animal-1∙day-1. It has been hypothesized that WCS may pass through the gastrointestinal tract without being digested, thereby not interfering with whole diet digestibility. Thus, our objective was to conduct an observational screening of beef cattle offered near ad libitum levels of WCS for passage dynamics. In this case study, we sampled beef cattle (approximately 1,000 head) at a farm in central Alabama offered an average of 3.6 kg WCS∙animal-1∙day-1. Cattle were divided by age and stage of production across seven pastures varying in forage base. Fresh manure samples (n = 22) were collected at random from the herd. Fecal samples were sorted by wet sieving to recover undigested seed material. Counts were conducted to determine whole or fractional seed remaining. Data were analyzed using SAS v. 9.4. Across samples, recovered WCS were approximately normally distributed (W = 0.83) with a mean of 3.3 seed per sample and a range of 2 to 76. Fractional WCS recovered were normally distributed (W = 0.92) with a mean of 31.9 parts per sample and a range of 0 to4. On average, WCS recovered accounted for 0.34 g per sample, or 5.0% of the DM recovered. While caution should be used in broad interpretation of these observational results, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that high levels of WCS supplementation may seed to decreased digestive efficiency (evidenced by undigested seed in manure). These observations serve as a basis for further investigation in designed experiments to evaluate WCS digestion and passage dynamics.
158 Evaluating Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Behavioral and Immune Response Differences in Sheep Divergently Bred for Parasite Resistance
Authors: Bentley Kelsey , Wright Donald L , Greiner Scott P , Bowdridge Scott A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Katahdin lambs with decreased post weaning worm egg count estimated breeding values (PWEC EBV) generated greater antibody in response to vaccination and survive better to weaning. Thus, lambs with decreased PWEC values may be more disease resistant and immunocompetent. To test this hypothesis, parasite-resistant St. Croix sheep, (STC, n = 10), and parasite-susceptible Suffolk sheep (SUF, n = 10) were compared with Katahdin sheep divergent in PWEC EBV (HiKAT, n = 10; LoKAT, n = 10) and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sheep were intravenously administered LPS at a dose of 2.5 ug/kg; blood and body temperature data were collected hourly. Behavioral observations were recorded during sampling and videos within pens were obtained 30 min after blood collection. An increase of body temperature by 1 ºC was observed in all groups. Interestingly, STC and SUF temperature peaked at 4 hours whereas LoKAT and HiKAT both peaked at 6 hours. One metric of behavior recorded from video was Sheep Grimace Score (SGS; 1 = normal; 7 = extremely abnormal). Peak SGS in all groups was 3 hours after LPS administration. Main effects of group on SGS indicated a stepwise increase with STC having the least SGS (1.25) and SUF greatest score (2.45) and both groups of Katahdin sheep intermediate (1.65 LoKAT, 2.00 HiKAT; P &lt; 0.001). Evaluation of “return to normal” (RTN), when SGS scores average between 0 and, revealed that STC and LoKAT RTN segregated from the other groups and this occurred at 5.1 and 6.6 hours after LPS treatment, respectively. HiKAT and SUF RTN was at 9.3 and 9.6 hours, respectively. Average SGS RTN in STC and LoKAT were significantly less than HiKAT and SUF (P &lt; 0.01), indicating segregation in behavior. Typical behaviors associated with LPS response, such as fever and ill-behaviors, can be attributed to the rapid and systemic influx of proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Analysis of circulating TNFα revealed similar segregation whereas STC and LoKAT have early TNFα peak at 4 hours and then gradually decline, HiKAT and SUF peak at 9hrs and remain elevated to2hrs. The transition period between these two disparate groups is 6 hours post LPS administration. Thus, TNFα was evaluated before (-2 to 6 hours) and post (7 to 12hours) TNFα shift. With STC sheep having greater TNFα before (45.96 pg/mL, P &lt; 0.001) and SUF sheep having greater TNFα post (47.51 pg/mL, P &lt; 0.001) indicating that despite similar average TNFα there exists timing differences of TNFα that correspond with SGS. These differences are mirrored in the production of TNFα in LoKAT and HiKAT sheep. Taken together these data indicate that early resolvement of TNFα cytokine production within the parasite-resistant groups (STC and LoKAT) is associated with reduced duration of sick behaviors.
Screening as Governmental Technology: The Nationwide Collection of Mental Health Data on Students in South Korea
Authors: Shin Youjung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In 2012, all the students in South Korea from elementary to high school went through the government’s mental health screening. From a historical perspective, this paper examines why and how the Korean government launched the mass screening of students’ mental health and what enabled this nationwide data collection. By analyzing its driving forces, this paper reveals the ecology of power being forged at the intersection of multinational pharmaceutical companies, mental health experts, and the Korean government in the 2000s. The paper argues that, against the backdrop of the growing market for multinational pharmaceutical companies in South Korea, the rise in school violence became the catalyst for bringing old and new governmental tools, plans, and resources, putting all students under mental health screening. It shows the continuity as well as the transformation of developmental governmentality in a broader social change of South Korea under the influence of globalization. By doing so, the paper illuminates the shaping of the governmental technology – which was developed rather than imported and deployed rather than recommended – that enabled the nationwide collection of students’ data in the context of globalizing and politicizing ideas and practices in mental health.
Looking back: a review of policy implications for exercise oncology
Authors: Kennedy Mary A , Potiaumpai Melanie , Maitin-Shepard Melissa , Wilson Christopher M , Campbell Anna , Schwartz Anna L , Gorzelitz Jessica , Caru Maxime , Grimmett Chloe , Schmitz Kathryn H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The evidence to support the benefits of exercise for people living with and beyond cancer is robust. Still, exercise oncology interventions in the United States are only eligible for coverage by third-party payers within the restrictions of cancer rehabilitation settings. Without expanded coverage, access will remain highly inequitable, tending toward the most well-resourced. This article describes the pathway to third-party coverage for 3 programs that address a chronic disease and utilize exercise professionals: the Diabetes Prevention Program, Supervised Exercise Training for Peripheral Artery Disease, and Cancer Rehabilitation. Lessons learned will be applied toward expanding third-party coverage for exercise oncology programming.
Evaluation of Clinical Case Definitions for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Young Children
Authors: Englund Janet A , Cohen Rachel A , Bianco Veronique , Domachowske Joseph B , Langley Joanne M , Madhi Shabir A , Zaman Khalequ , Bueso Agustin , Ceballos Ana , Cousin Luis , Gandhi Sanjay , Gruselle Olivier , Jose Lisa , Klein Nicola P , Koen Anthonet , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Shi Meng , Silas Peter , Tangsathapornpong Auchara , Teeratakulpisarn Jamaree , Vesikari Timo , Haars Gerco , Leach Amanda , Stoszek Sonia K , Dieussaert Ilse 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Various case definitions of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (RSV-LRTI) are currently proposed. We assessed the performance of 3 clinical case definitions against the World Health Organization definition recommended in 2015 (WHO 2015).

Methods
In this prospective cohort study conducted in 8 countries, 2401 children were followed up for 2 years from birth. Suspected LRTIs were detected via active and passive surveillance, followed by in-person clinical evaluation including single timepoint respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (by pulse oximetry) assessment, and nasopharyngeal sampling for RSV testing by polymerase chain reaction. Agreement between case definitions was evaluated using Cohen’s κ statistics.

Results
Of 1652 suspected LRTIs, 227 met the WHO 2015 criteria for RSV-LRTI; 73 were classified as severe. All alternative definitions were highly concordant with the WHO 2015 definition for RSV-LRTI (κ: 0.95–1.00), but less concordant for severe RSV-LRTI (κ: 0.47–0.82). Tachypnea was present for 196/226 (86.7%) WHO 2015 RSV-LRTIs and 168/243 (69.1%) LRTI/bronchiolitis/pneumonia cases, clinically diagnosed by nonstudy physicians. Low oxygen saturation levels were observed in only 55/226 (24.3%) WHO 2015 RSV-LRTIs.

Conclusions
Three case definitions for RSV-LRTI showed high concordance with the WHO 2015 definition, while agreement was lower for severe RSV-LRTI. In contrast to increased respiratory rate, low oxygen saturation was not a consistent finding in RSV-LRTIs and severe RSV-LRTIs. This study demonstrates that current definitions are highly concordant for RSV-LRTIs, but a standard definition is still needed for severe RSV-LRTI.

Clinical trial registration
NCT01995175.
Multi-isocenter VMAT craniospinal irradiation using feasibility dose–volume histogram-guided auto-planning technique
Authors: Zhang Yun , Huang Yuling , Lin Jiafan , Ding Shenggou , Gong Xiaochang , Liu Qiegen , Gong Changfei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study aims to propose a novel treatment planning methodology for multi-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) craniospinal irradiation (CSI) using the special feasibility dose–volume histogram (FDVH)-guided auto-planning (AP) technique. Three different multi-isocenter VMAT -CSI plans were created, including manually based plans (MUPs), conventional AP plans (CAPs) and FDVH-guided AP plans (FAPs). The CAPs and FAPs were specially designed by combining multi-isocenter VMAT and AP techniques in the Pinnacle treatment planning system. Specially, the personalized optimization parameters for FAPs were generated using the FDVH function implemented in PlanIQ software, which provides the ideal organs at risk (OARs) sparing for the specific anatomical geometry based on the valuable assumption of the dose fall-off. Compared to MUPs, CAPs and FAPs significantly reduced the dose for most of the OARs. FAPs achieved the best homogeneity index (0.092 ± 0.013) and conformity index (0.980 ± 0.011), while CAPs were slightly inferior to the FAPs but superior to the MUPs. As opposed to MUPs, FAPs delivered a lower dose to OARs, whereas the difference between FAPs and CAPs was not statistically significant except for the optic chiasm and inner ear_L. The two AP approaches had similar MUs, which were significantly lower than the MUPs. The planning time of FAPs (145.00 ± 10.25 min) was slightly lower than that of CAPs (149.83 ± 14.37 min) and was substantially lower than that of MUPs (157.92 ± 16.11 min) with P &lt; 0.0167. Overall, introducing the multi-isocenter AP technique into VMAT-CSI yielded positive outcomes and may play an important role in clinical CSI planning in the future.
Participant- and Disease-Related Factors as Independent Predictors of Treatment Outcomes in the RESTORE-IMI 2 Clinical Trial: A Multivariable Regression Analysis
Authors: Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Shorr Andrew F , Kollef Marin H , Du Jiejun , Losada Maria C , Paschke Amanda , DeRyke C Andrew , Wong Michael , Jensen Erin H , Chen Luke F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
In the RESTORE-IMI 2 trial, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL) was noninferior to piperacillin/tazobactam in treating hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. This post hoc analysis was conducted to determine independent predictors of efficacy outcomes in the RESTORE-IMI 2 trial, to assist in treatment decision making.

Methods
A stepwise multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify variables that were independently associated with day 28 all-cause mortality (ACM), favorable clinical response at early follow-up (EFU), and favorable microbiologic response at end of treatment (EOT). The analysis accounted for the number of baseline infecting pathogens and in vitro susceptibility to randomized treatment.

Results
Vasopressor use, renal impairment, bacteremia at baseline, and Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores ≥15 were associated with a greater risk of day 28 ACM. A favorable clinical response at EFU was associated with normal renal function, an APACHE II score &lt;15, no vasopressor use, and no bacteremia at baseline. At EOT, a favorable microbiologic response was associated with IMI/REL treatment, normal renal function, no vasopressor use, nonventilated pneumonia at baseline, intensive care unit admission at randomization, monomicrobial infections at baseline, and absence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex at baseline. These factors remained significant after accounting for polymicrobial infection and in vitro susceptibility to assigned treatment.

Conclusions
This analysis, which accounted for baseline pathogen susceptibility, validated well-recognized patient- and disease-related factors as independent predictors of clinical outcomes. These results lend further support to the noninferiority of IMI/REL to piperacillin/tazobactam and suggests that pathogen eradication may be more likely with IMI/REL.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02493764.
Response to Pralsetinib in Multi-Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer With CCDC6-RET Mutation
Authors: Zhao Jing , Xu Wei , Zhuo Xiaoli , Liu Lei , Zhang Junlei , Jiang Fengxian , Shen Yanru , Lei Yan , Hou Dongsheng , Lin Xiaoyan , Wang Cuiyan , Fu Guobin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) represent a pathological subtype of breast cancer, which are characterized by strong invasiveness, high metastasis rate, low survival rate, and poor prognosis, especially in patients who have developed resistance to multiline treatments. Here, we present a female patient with advanced TNBC who progressed despite multiple lines of treatments; next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to find drug mutation targets, which revealed a coiled-coil domain-containing protein 6 (CCDC6)-rearranged during transfection (RET) gene fusion mutation. The patient was then given pralsetinib, and after one treatment cycle, a CT scan revealed partial remission and adequate tolerance to therapy. Pralsetinib (BLU-667) is a RET-selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can inhibit the phosphorylation of RET and downstream molecules as well as the proliferation of cells expressing RET gene mutations. This is the first case in the literature of metastatic TNBC with CCDC6-RET fusion treated with pralsetinib, an RET-specific antagonist. This case demonstrates the potential efficacy of pralsetinib in cases of TNBC with RET fusion mutations and suggests that NGS may reveal new opportunities and bring new therapeutic interventions to patients with refractory TNBC.
Juvenile Northern Spotted Owls with higher mass and intermediate levels of corticosterone have greater long-term survival
Authors: Mikkelsen Ashlee J , Lesmeister Damon B , O’Reilly Kathleen M , Dugger Katie M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Early life experiences have carry-over effects that manifest in later life stages. Challenging rearing environments result in more energy invested in immediate survival and less energy on growth and maturation, which can decrease survival in both the short- and long-term. One way to measure differences in energy allocation to growth between individuals is through physiological indices, such as concentrations of the metabolic hormone corticosterone, and body condition. Corticosterone increases in response to challenges to homeostasis and mobilizes stored fat and muscle to meet energetic demands. Maintaining elevated corticosterone can result in poor body condition and decreased survival. Juvenile or pre-breeding age classes are typically a substantial portion of the total population and serve key functions in population dynamics in many long-lived species. Thus, understanding how the rearing environment may influence demographics across life-history stages is crucial to understanding larger population dynamics. Yet, demographic models and conservation planning often lack vital rate estimates for early life stages because, prior to breeding, animals cannot be effectively sampled (i.e., they are unobservable). We used corticosterone concentrations in feathers and body mass of fledged juvenile Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) as indicators of potential energetic limitations early in life and used a multi-state modeling framework to quantify the effect of these indicators on apparent annual survival prior to claiming a territory (pre-territorial birds) and the probability of recruiting into the territorial population. Apparent annual survival for pre-territorial birds was higher for birds with greater mass, earlier banding dates, and intermediate levels of corticosterone. Birds with greater mass at banding were also more likely to recruit into the territorial population. Our results demonstrate the importance of early development and traditionally excluded life-history stages on long-term demographics. Although early life stages are difficult to observe, monitoring and conservation efforts may be improved by increasing studies on pre-territorial animals, control of Barred Owls, and conservation of forest structures important for Spotted Owls. This may contribute to increased juvenile survival and recruitment.
Phylogenomic analysis confirms the relationships among toucans, toucan-barbets, and New World barbets but reveals paraphyly of Selenidera toucanets and evidence for mitonuclear discordance
Authors: Ostrow Emily N , Catanach Therese A , Bates John M , Aleixo Alexandre , Weckstein Jason D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We reconstruct the species-level phylogenetic relationship among toucans, toucan-barbets, New World barbets using phylogenomic data to assess the monophyly and relationships at the family, generic, and specific levels. Our analyses confirmed (1) the monophyly of toucans (Aves: Ramphastidae), toucan-barbets (Aves: Semnornithidae), and New World barbets (Aves: Capitonidae) and that the toucan-barbets are sister to the toucans, an arrangement suggested, but poorly supported, in previously published phylogenies; (2) the paraphyly of lowland Selenidera toucanets with respect to Andigena mountain-toucans; and (3) evidence of some mitonuclear discordance, suggesting introgression or incomplete lineage sorting. For example, mitonuclear conflict in the phylogenetic placement of Ramphastos vitellinus subspecies suggests that Amazonian populations of Ramphastos vitellinus ariel may have introgressed mitogenomes derived from other Amazonian vitellinus taxa. To reconstruct the phylogenetic history of toucans, toucan-barbets, and New World barbets, we included all species-level taxa from the three families, with the addition of outgroups from the two major clades of Old World barbets (Megalaimidae and Lybiidae). We analyzed a combination of UCE sequences and whole mitochondrial genome sequences to reconstruct phylogenetic trees.