bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum encryption in phase space with displacement operators
Authors: Kuang Randy , Chan Adrian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn photonic computing, the quantum systems consist of coherent states and squeezed coherent states. Common quantum gates found in these systems are: phase shift, displacement, and squeezing gates. These gates are all unitary and reversible. Outside of quantum systems, coherent states also plays a significant role in coherent optical communications with speeds of hundreds of gigabits per second. Secure optical communications is generally implemented at the data layer with classical symmetric encryption such as Advanced Standard Encryption or AES. This inevitably allows any wiretapping to capture the transmitted data either in the plaintext mode or in the encrypted ciphertext mode in the optical infrastructure. The recent and rapid developments in Quantum computing further lift up the need for quantum secure communications in the optical infrastructure. This paper proposes a novel quantum encryption in the coherent optical domain utilizing a displacement operator and implementing with IQ-MZM optical modules, called Quantum Encryption in Phase Space or QEPS. The communication peers share a secret used to seed cryptographic pseudo random number generators to produce a synchronized random number at both the transmitter and receiver. The synchronized random numbers are used to establish displacement operators to encrypt the coherent states at the transmission and decrypt the cipher coherent states at the receiver. Therefore, malicious parties tapping along the fibre line would not extract the message in transit from optical domain due to a high Bit Error Rate or BER. The optimal displacement operator is split into a standard 16-QAM and a random phase shift operator to enhance the transmission security. We analysis the transmission security with the wiretap channel model for semantic security. We have simulated the QEPS encryption and decryption for two data modulation schemes: QPSK and 16-QAM over 80 km for transmission speeds of 56 Gbps for QPSK and 112 Gbps for 16-QAM.
Intent-Satisfaction Modeling: From Music to Video Streaming
Authors: Bénédict Gabriel , Odijk Daan , de Rijke Maarten 
Published: June 2023

Logged behavioral data is a common resource for enhancing the user experience on streaming platforms. In music streaming, Mehrotra et al. have shown how complementing behavioral data with user intent can help predict and explain user satisfaction. Do their findings extend to video streaming? Compared to music streaming, video streaming platforms provide relatively shallow catalogs. Finding the right content demands more active and conscious commitment from users than in the music streaming setting. Video streaming platforms, in particular, could thus benefit from a better understanding of user intents and satisfaction level. We replicate Mehrotra et al.’s study from music to video streaming and extend their modeling framework on two fronts: (i) improved modeling accuracy (random forests), and (ii) interpretability (Bayesian models).
Like the original study, we find that user intent affects behavior and satisfaction itself, even if to a lesser degree, based on data analysis and modeling. By proposing a grouping of intents into decisive and explorative categories we highlight a tension: decisive video streamers are not as keen to interact with the user interface as exploration-seeking ones. Meanwhile, music streamers explore by listening. In this study, we find that in video streaming, unsatisfied users provide the main signal: intent influences satisfaction levels together with behavioral data, depending on our decisive vs. explorative grouping.
“The Turquoise Was Brought From Chorasmia” Mining, Empire, and the People of the Steppes across the Achaemenid Northeastern Borderlands
Authors: Ferrario Marco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Two main scholarly trends dominate the study of the relations between the Northeastern frontier zone(s) of the Achaemenid Empire and the steppes: the assessment of the military strategies to control the Saka and the development of artistic currents within and beyond the Empire through diplomatic relations and gift-giving. This paper makes the case for a more complex and dynamic scenario, in which the Central Asian borderlands transpire to have been a fertile ground for experimentation and innovation (not only of strife and rebellion), while local actors are given back their agency. In doing so, it first of all focuses on the extraction and working of precious stones. Secondly, recent research on Achaemenid archival materials shall be discussed which suggest the importance of trade in these and similar items for both imperial agents and local elites. Thirdly, and finally, the paper considers material evidence originating from the Empire but found beyond its Northeastern territories as far as China.
Inadequate Criminal Policies as Threats to the Best Interests of Children Residing in Prisons with their Mothers
Authors: Purwadi Hari , Kusumawati Erna Dyah , Mayastuti Anti , Suprobowati Gayatri Dyah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Although the number of children residing in correctional institutions with their mothers in Indonesia is low, this has triggered issues related to the relevant policies and laws. This study examines the perspective of criminal laws and human rights policies regarding children residing in correctional institutions with their mothers and their implications for the fulfilment of the children’s rights. This study finds that the group of children does not belong to the category of individuals requiring special treatment. The Indonesian criminal justice system does not have a legal framework for handling those children. The correctional institutions failed completely to realise the children’s rights, due to the inability of the officers of the correctional institutions in interpreting and implementing the bic principle. Due to the absence of government’s clear guidelines, the treatment for such children, which is mostly adapted to their internal policies, varies among Indonesian correctional institutions.
Failures in the Child Perspective
Authors: Koziel Sylwia , Hultman Lill , Weitz Ylva Spånberger , Rosqvist Hanna Bertilsdotter , Elmersjö Magdalena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Children’s invisibility, non-participation or limited participation can be associated with social workers’ experiences of losing focus of the child in their work, while at the same time navigating organisational and legal demands where a child perspective is strongly promoted. This article sheds light on social workers’ experiences of working with a child perspective and with children’s participation. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from social services and ngo s and from different child welfare services in Sweden. Our findings indicate that losing focus of the child is a common phenomenon that relates to the dominance of adult-centred practice and that child-centred methods need to be developed. Social workers from ngo s described having better opportunities for working in a child-centred way. Losing focus of the child mirrors the subordinated position of child-centred practice, proving that a child perspective and children’s participation are still inadequately anchored in social work practice.
Trying to Express Climate Concerns through Environmental Law? The Changing Lawscape of Public Participation
Authors: Richardson Benjamin J. , Castles-Lynch Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ‘lawscape’ (landscape) of public participation in environmental decision-making in Australia is evolving as climate change has become society’s dominant environmental concern. The traditional modes for citizens to express their concerns through administrative and legislative processes are losing their legitimacy and efficacy. The growth of civil disobedience by climate protesters is a response to this deficit. Rather than viewing such dissent as purely a phenomenon ‘outside’ the legal system, in defiance of the law, climate protest can also plausibly be understood as a shift in the mode of public participation within the legal system as discussions about climate science and action extend to new forums, especially courtrooms hearing criminal prosecutions against climate activists.
Analysis of Palliative Care Knowledge and Symptom Burden Among Female Veterans With Serious Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Varilek Brandon M. , Da Rosa Patricia 
Published: June 2023

Background: The female Veteran population is rapidly growing, as is their use of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers (VAMCs). Additionally, 90% of female Veterans are under 65 years old, meaning healthcare providers at VAMCs must be ready to manage the complex serious illnesses that affect female Veterans as they age. These serious illnesses require proper medical management, which can include palliative care. However, little palliative care research includes female Veterans. Aims: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to examine palliative care knowledge and symptom burden among female Veterans’ and examine factors associated a symptom burden scale. Methods: Consenting participants completed online questionnaires, including the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS), Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (CMSAS), and demographics. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample, bivariate association were carried out with a Chi-square and t test. A generalized linear model explored associations between CMSAS and its subscales with sociodemographic, number of serious illnesses, and facility type (VAMC vs civilian facility). Results: 152 female Veterans completed the survey. PaCKS scores were consistent across our sample. Physical symptoms were rated higher for those receiving care at VAMCs compared to civilian facilities ( P = .02) in the bivariate analysis. The factors associated with CMSAS were age, employment status and number of serious illnesses (all P < .05). Conclusions: Palliative care can assist female Veterans with serious illness. More research is needed to further explore variables associated with symptom burden among female Veterans such as age, employment status, and number of serious illnesses.
A Pilot Survey of Integrative Oncology in Hospitalized Children Undergoing Aggressive Therapy for Cancer and Blood Disorders at a Single Pediatric Cancer Center
Authors: Kawashima Nozomu 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To assess treatment modalities and patients’ attitude regarding integrative oncology with a special focus on Kampo in hospitalized children for hematological diseases and solid tumors. Methods: All children who were hospitalized for hematological or oncological diseases at the Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Hospital, between January 25 and February 25, 2018, were invited to participate in this prospective survey. Results: Forty-eight patients responded to the survey. These included 27 patients aged ≤6 years, 11 aged ≥13 years, and 10 aged 7 to 12 years; 19 were diagnosed with a hematological malignancy, 9 with a nonmalignant hematological/immunological disease, and 20 with solid tumors. In all, 42% of patients were administered pharmaceutical-grade Kampo extracts, and 80% reported high effectiveness. Other modalities were used much less frequently. Oral administration of herbal extracts was challenging in children treated with Kampo. Integrated use of Kampo in pediatric hematology/oncology was desired in 77%, and 79% wished for more information about Kampo. In all, 90% desired to be seen by a pediatric hematologist/oncologist specializing in Kampo. Conclusion: Contribution of Kampo to pediatric hematology/oncology was highly appreciated during aggressive therapy for cancer and blood disorders.
Service-Learning Through Community-Based Nutrition Teaching Equips Medical Students With Sustained Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Habits
Authors: Reilly Jo Marie , Greenberg Ilana 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Nutrition education and counseling are critical to patient health. Primary care physicians are positioned to provide this counseling; however, due to a lack of nutrition education, many physicians-in-training lack these skills. This study evaluates the knowledge and self-efficacy of Keck School of Medicine (KSOM) of University of Southern California (USC) Primary Care Program (PCP) medical students after leading community-based nutrition classes. Methods First-year PCP KSOM students completed a survey immediately after teaching nutrition classes (Phase I: Spring 2017-Spring 2020) and 1-4 years after teaching (Phase II: August 2021). Open-ended responses were coded thematically, and descriptive data were analyzed in Qualtrics. Results There were 93 phase I respondents; however, not everyone answered every question. Among 45 question respondents, students reported learning about macronutrients (29%), portion sizes (16%), glycemic index (15%), and metabolic syndrome (12%). Among 57 question respondents, 49% reported having knowledge to now counsel patients about nutrition. There were 60 phase II respondents. Students reported sustained, increased nutrition knowledge (88%) and confidence (85%) from baseline, and making healthy personal dietary changes. Discussion It is important for physicians-in-training to gain nutrition education early in their career. This training can benefit student knowledge, behavior change, confidence, and their future patients through counseling.
Analysis of brain edema in RHAPSODY
Authors: Schleicher Riana L , Vorasayan Pongpat , McCabe Megan E , Bevers Matthew B , Davis Thomas P , Griffin John H , Hinduja Archana , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Lee Jin-Moo , Sawyer Robert N , Zlokovic Berislav V , Sheth Kevin N , Fedler Janel K , Lyden Patrick , Kimberly W Taylor ,   on behalf of the NN104 Investigators
Published: June 2023

Background: Cerebral edema is a secondary complication of acute ischemic stroke, but its time course and imaging markers are not fully understood. Recently, net water uptake (NWU) has been proposed as a novel marker of edema. Aims: Studying the RHAPSODY trial cohort, we sought to characterize the time course of edema and test the hypothesis that NWU provides distinct information when added to traditional markers of cerebral edema after stroke by examining its association with other markers. Methods: A total of 65 patients had measurable supratentorial ischemic lesions. Patients underwent head computed tomography (CT), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, or both at the baseline visit and after 2, 7, 30, and 90 days following enrollment. CT and MRI scans were used to measure four imaging markers of edema: midline shift (MLS), hemisphere volume ratio (HVR), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, and NWU using semi-quantitative threshold analysis. Trajectories of the markers were summarized, as available. Correlations of the markers of edema were computed and the markers compared by clinical outcome. Regression models were used to examine the effect of 3K3A-activated protein C (APC) treatment. Results: Two measures of mass effect, MLS and HVR, could be measured on all imaging modalities, and had values available across all time points. Accordingly, mass effect reached a maximum level by day 7, normalized by day 30, and then reversed by day 90 for both measures. In the first 2 days after stroke, the change in CSF volume was associated with MLS (ρ = –0.57, p = 0.0001) and HVR (ρ = –0.66, p < 0.0001). In contrast, the change in NWU was not associated with the other imaging markers (all p ⩾ 0.49). While being directionally consistent, we did not observe a difference in the edema markers by clinical outcome. In addition, baseline stroke volume was associated with all markers (MLS ( p < 0.001), HVR ( p < 0.001), change in CSF volume ( p = 0.003)) with the exception of NWU ( p = 0.5). Exploratory analysis did not reveal a difference in cerebral edema markers by treatment arm. Conclusions: Existing cerebral edema imaging markers potentially describe two distinct processes, including lesional water concentration (i.e. NWU) and mass effect (MLS, HVR, and CSF volume). These two types of imaging markers may represent distinct aspects of cerebral edema, which could be useful for future trials targeting this process.
Skeletal 18F-PSMA-1007 uptake in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Janssen Jorinde , Noordzij Walter , Velleman Ton , de Jong Igle Jan , Langendijk Johannes A. , Verzijlbergen J. Fred , Stormezand Gilles N. , Aluwini Shafak 
Published: June 2023

Background/objectives: Accurate and uniform interpretation and reporting of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) lesions on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are indispensable. 18F-PSMA-1007 is increasingly used because of its favorable imaging characteristics. However, increased non-specific skeletal uptake may be an important pitfall of this radioligand. Therefore, we aimed to assess the interobserver variation in reporting skeletal 18F-PSMA-1007 uptake on PET/CT. Design/methods: In total, 33 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT scans of 21 patients with primary PCa and 12 patients with biochemical recurrence were included, and a total of 85 skeletal lesions were evaluated by three independent observers. The primary endpoint was the interobserver variability of the likelihood of malignancy of the skeletal lesions on both patient and lesion level (kappa analysis). Results: Observers qualified most lesions as not malignant (81–91%) and the overall mean interobserver agreement was moderate on both patient (κ: 0.54) and lesion level (κ: 0.55). In 52 lesions without corresponding CT substrate, the rating resulted in not malignant in 95–100%. Availability of additional imaging (60% of lesions) did not improve interobserver agreement (κ: 0.39 on lesion level) and resulted in unchanged rating for all observers in 78%. Conclusion: This interobserver analysis of skeletal 18F-PSMA-1007 uptake resulted in moderate agreement, in line with rates reported in literature. Importantly, the presence of non-specific skeletal uptake without CT substrate, as a potential shortcoming of 18F-PSMA-1007, did not impair interobserver agreement.
Prevalence of intra-osseous veins and venous lakes in the posterior skull base on 3T MRI
Authors: Benson John C , Hamilton-Cave Matt , Carr Carrie M , Lane John I 
Published: June 2023

Background Intra-osseous vessels are normal anatomic structures in the calvarium and skull base. On imaging, these structures—particularly venous lakes—can mimic pathologic abnormalities. This study sought to assess the prevalence of veins and lakes in the skull base on MRI. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was completed of consecutive patients that underwent contrast-enhanced MRI imaging of the internal auditory canals. The clivus, jugular tubercles, and basio-occiput were assessed for the presence of both intra-osseous veins (serpentine and/or branching vessels) and venous lakes (well-circumscribed round or oval enhancing structures). Vessels in the adjacent synchondroses major foramina were excluded. Three board-certified neuroradiologists performed independent blinded reviews, with discrepancies agreed upon by consensus. Results 96 patients were included in this cohort (58.3% female). Mean age was 58.4 years (range = 19–85). At least one intra-osseous vessel was identified in 71 (74.0%) patients. 67 (70.0%) had at least one skull base vein, and 14 (14.6%) had at least one venous lake. Both vessel subtypes were observed in 8.3% of patients. Vessels were more commonly observed in women, though this did not reach statistical threshold ( p = 0.56). Age was not associated with the presence of vessels (0.59) or vessel location ( p values ranged from 0.44–0.84). Conclusions Intra-osseous skull base veins and venous lakes are relatively common findings on MRI. Both vascular structures should be considered normal anatomy, and care should be taken to not confuse these for pathologic entities.
Patient-perceived benefits and risks of off-label use of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 1 diabetes: a structured qualitative assessment
Authors: Edwards Khary , Uruska Aleksandra , Duda-Sobczak Anna , Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz Dorota , Lingvay Ildiko 
Published: June 2023

Background: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may have suboptimal glucose control and are interested in the use of adjuvant therapies. Objectives: To determine, from the patients’ perspective, the reasons for initiation of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and/or sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in treating T1DM; perceived benefits/side effects, reasons for discontinuation, and willingness to reinitiate therapy. Design: Retrospective chart review with structured telephone interviews. Methods: We identified patients with T1DM treated with a GLP-1RA and/or SGLT2i for >3 months at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Dallas, TX, USA) and Poznan University (Poznan, Poland). We conducted structured telephone interviews regarding their experiences. Results: We interviewed 68 participants treated with GLP-1RA and 82 with SGLT2i. Treatment was initiated for improving glycemic control (as reported by 61.8% versus 81.7% of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i users, respectively), weight loss/appetite suppression (51.4% versus 23.2%) and to reduce insulin requirement (13.2% versus 11%). Most participants (86.8% of GLP-1RA and 89.0% of SGLT2i users) reported ⩾1 benefit attributed to therapy. Reported benefits were improved glycemic control (reported by 58.8% versus 82.9% of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i users, respectively), weight loss/appetite suppression (63.2% versus 30.5%), and reduced insulin requirement (27.9% versus 34.1%). More GLP-1RA users reported side effects versus SGLT2i users (63.2% versus 36.6%); 22.6% discontinued GLP-1RA due to side effects versus 11.0% SGLT2i users. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was reported by 4.9% of SGLT2i users, but none in GLP-1RA users. Of those who discontinued medication, 60.7% of GLP-1RA versus 56.0% of SGLT2i prior users were willing to reinitiate treatment. Conclusions: Patients with T1DM report initiating adjuvant treatment with GLP-1RA and/or SGLT2i to improve glycemic control and lose weight; most patients reported perceived benefits from these therapies. Side effects (including DKA) are reported more commonly in real life than in clinical trials. Given patient interest in these medications, further studies should evaluate the long-term risk–benefits ratio in larger cohorts.