bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the structure and kinematics of the Milky Way through A stars
Authors: Ardèvol J. , Monguió M. , Figueras F. , Romero-Gómez M. , Carrasco J. M. 
Published: August 2023

Context. Despite their relatively high intrinsic brightness and the fact that they are more numerous than younger OB stars and kinematically colder than older red giants, A-type stars have rarely been used as Galactic tracers. They may, in fact, be used to fill the age gap between these two tracers, thereby allowing us to evaluate the evolutionary and dynamic processes underlying the transition between them.
Aims. We analyse Galactic disc structure and kinematic perturbations up to 6 kpc from the Sun based on observations of A-type stars.
Methods. This work presents a catalogue of A-type stars selected using the IGAPS photometric survey. It covers the Galactic disc within 30° ≤l ≤ 215° and |b|≤5° up to a magnitude of r ≤ 19 mag with about 3.5 million sources. We used Gaia Data Release 3 parallaxes and proper motions, as well as the line-of-sight velocities, to analyse the large-scale features of the Galactic disc. We carried out a study of the completeness of the detected density distributions, along with a comparison between the b < 0° and b > 0° regions. Possible biases caused by interstellar extinction or by the usage of some kinematic approximations were examined as well.
Results. We find stellar overdensities associated with the Local and the Perseus spiral arms, as well as with the Cygnus region. We find that A-type stars also provide kinematic indications of the Galactic warp towards the anticentre, which displays a median vertical motion of ∼6 − 7 km s−1 at a Galactocentric radius of R = 14 kpc. It starts at R ≈ 12 kpc, which supports the scenario where the warp begins at larger radii for younger tracers when compared with other samples in the literature. We also detect a region with downward mean motion extending beyond 2 kpc from the Sun towards 60° ≲l ≲ 75° that may be associated with a compression breathing mode. Furthermore, A-type stars reveal very clumpy inhomogeneities and asymmetries in the VZ − Vϕ velocity space plane.
Photospheric magnetic flux and coronal emission properties of small-scale bright and faint loops in the quiet Sun
Authors: Madjarska Maria S. , Galsgaard Klaus , Wiegelmann Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Context. The study explores the photospheric magnetic properties of bright and faint small-scale loop systems in the solar atmosphere of the quiet Sun, also known as X-ray or coronal bright points.
Aims. To understand how plasma confined in small-scale loops is heated to million degrees, the loop-associated photospheric and coronal magnetic flux properties should be known because the magnetic field is generally assumed to be the main energy source or waveguide. This and follow-up studies aim to provide a qualitative and quantitative investigation of these magnetic properties and their impact on the heating of plasma to million degrees.
Methods. We used quasi-temporal imaging observations taken in the 193 Å channel of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and line-of-sight magnetograms from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The observations cover 48 h of data at a 6 min cadence with a field of view of 400″ × 400″, from which 90 loop systems (of which 83 are CBPs) were extracted and analysed in full detail.
Results. We obtain the evolution properties of both faint and bright small-scale loop systems (SSLSs) related to either magnetic flux emergence or magnetic flux coalescence and a chance encounter of magnetic fluxes. We estimate the lifetimes of the two loop systems and the impact of the magnetic flux evolution on their life span. The photospheric magnetic flux associated with SSLSs confining plasma heated to coronal temperatures is found to cover at least two orders of magnitude from 3.0 × 1018 Mx to 1.8 × 1020 Mx. The analysis of the maximum intensity of SSLSs during their lifetime shows numerous spikes of intensity that are identified as small (a few AIA pixels) compact brightenings associated with cancelling magnetic fluxes. Most of them are identified as microflares. The intensity flux range of these spikes is reported. The coronal intensity flux evolution of SSLSs is strongly correlated with the total unsigned photospheric magnetic flux evolution when there is little or no contamination in the selected field of view of the SSLSs by unrelated magnetic fluxes or intensity features. We report on the footpoint separation and change during the lifetime of the faint and bright SSLSs. The magnetic flux emergence and decay rates of some of the SSLSs are also provided in this study.
Conclusions. The power-law index α of the logarithm of the total unsigned magnetic flux and the total intensity for the full lifetime of SSLSs is 1.10 ± 0.02, compared with 1.14 ± 0.03 for a previous study of the whole disc in the same intensity range (Fe XII 193–195 Å). This indicates that the emission of the corona of the quiet Sun at ∼1.25 MK is mostly confined to small-scale loops (some brighter, others fainter). Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanism that heats the plasma in these loops.
Bedeutung von HPV-Status und p16 für die Prognose des Peniskarzinoms
Authors: Mink Jan Niklas , Khalmurzaev Oybek , Pryalukhin Alexey , Hölters Sebastian , Geppert Carol , Lohse Stefan , Bende Kristof , Lobo João , Henrique Rui , Loertzer Hagen , Steffens Joachim , Jerónimo Carmen , Wunderlich Heiko , Heinzelbecker Julia , Bohle Rainer , Stöckle Michael , Matveev Vsevolod , Hartmann Arndt , Junker Kerstin 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Das Peniskarzinom ist eine seltene, v.a. im metastasierten Stadium jedoch häufig tödliche Tumorerkrankung. Die meisten Daten zu Prognosefaktoren des Peniskarzinoms basieren auf kleinen Patientenkohorten, und selbst Metaanalysen sind hinsichtlich der Patientenzahlen meist eingeschränkt. Es fehlt an suffizienten Parametern, um das Metastasierungspotenzial der Tumoren vorhersagen zu können. Weiterhin unklar ist die Rolle des HPV-Status für die Prognoseabschätzung und in diesem Zusammenhang auch von p16INK4a.

Material und Methoden In dieser Studie wurden 236 Patienten aus einer internationalen multizentrischen Kohorte hinsichtlich der histologischen Subtypen, des HPV- und p16-Status sowie weiterer klinischer Parameter untersucht. Der HPV-Status wurde nur bei Nachweis von HPV mittels PCR sowie einem positiven p16-Status als HPV-positiv gewertet. Die statistische Analyse erfolgte mittels Kaplan-Meier-Methode sowie dem Log-rank-Test und einer uni- und multivariablen Analyse mittels Cox-Regressionsmodell.

Ergebnisse Ein positiver HPV-Status war weder für das metastasenfreie (MFS), noch das tumorspezifische (CSS) oder das Gesamtüberleben (OS) ein signifikanter Parameter. Bei p16-positiven Tumoren zeigte sich ein signifikant besseres MFS (p = 0,026), was sich ebenfalls in der Subgruppenanalyse der HPV-negativen Tumoren bestätigte (p = 0,037) ohne Unterschiede im CSS oder OS. Im „Usual Type“ bestand ebenfalls eine positive Tendenz im MFS, jedoch ohne statistische Signifikanz (p = 0,070). p16-positive Tumoren waren in der multivariablen Cox-Regression mit einem hochsignifikant besseren MFS (Hazard Ratio 0,3; p = 0,004) assoziiert, während Patienten mit einem pT1b-Tumorstadium oder fortgeschrittener Lymphknotenmetastasierung ein signifikant schlechteres Überleben aufzeigten. In der multivariablen Analyse der HPV-negativen Tumoren war der p16-Status ebenfalls mit einem signifikanten Unterschied im MFS assoziiert (Hazard Ratio 0,2; p = 0,007).

Schlussfolgerung Der HPV-Status scheint nur von geringer prognostischer Relevanz zu sein, während der p16-Status eine wichtige Rolle in der Prognoseabschätzung einnimmt. So ist die Expression von p16INK4a mit einem signifikant besseren MFS assoziiert. Insbesondere in HPV-negativen Tumoren sollte der p16-Status hinsichtlich der prognostischen Wertigkeit und damit weiterführend auch hinsichtlich der Therapieentscheidung evaluiert werden.
Buy or Build: Challenges Developing Consumer Digital Health Interventions
Authors: Saver Barry G. , Marquard Jenna L. , Gummeson Jeremy , Stekler Joanne , Scanlon James M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Digital health interventions offer opportunities to improve collaborative care between clinicians and patients. Designing and implementing digital health interventions requires decisions about buying or building each technology-related component, all of which can lead to unanticipated issues.
Objectives This study aimed to describe issues encountered from our “buy or build” decisions developing two digital health interventions over different timeframes, designed to use patient-generated health data to: (1) improve hypertension control and (2) measure and improve adherence to HIV-related medications.
Methods CONDUIT-HID (CONtrolling Disease Using Information Technology-Hypertension In Diabetes) was developed during 2010 to 2015 to allow patients receiving care from a multispecialty group practice to easily upload home blood pressure readings into their electronic health record and trigger clinician action if mean blood pressure values indicated inadequate control. USE-MI (Unobtrusive SEnsing of Medication Intake) was developed from 2016 to 2022 to allow entry of patients' HIV-related medication regimens, send reminders if patients had not taken their medications by the scheduled time(s), attempt to detect medication ingestion through machine learning analysis of smartwatch motion data, and present graphical adherence summaries to patients and clinicians.
Results Both projects required multiple “buy or build” decisions across all system components, including data collection, transfer, analysis, and display. We used commercial, off-the-shelf technology where possible, but virtually all of these components still required substantial custom development. We found that, even though our projects spanned years, issues related to our “buy or build” decisions stemmed from several common themes, including mismatches between existing and new technologies, our use case being new or unanticipated, technology stability, technology longevity, and resource limitations.
Conclusion Those designing and implementing digital health interventions need to make numerous “buy or build” decisions as they create the technologies that underpin their intervention. These “buy or build” decisions, and the ensuing issues that will arise because of them, require careful planning, particularly if they represent an “edge case” use of existing commercial systems.
Synthesis of Squaric Acid Monoamides as Building Blocks for Drug Discovery
Authors: Wren Stephen P. , Long Nathan , Le Gresley Adam , Solomonsz Arran , Wozniak Antony , Brough Steve 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHerein, we present a synthetic compound library comprising of 28 anilino and benzylamino monosquarate-amide derivatives. Members of this library were designed as bioisosteric replacements for groups such as the ubiquitous carboxylic acid moiety. Further to their synthesis, we have shown the potential of these chemical building blocks for the generation of additional novel compounds. This work forms part of our efforts aimed at the assembly of 96-well plates loaded with bioisosteric analogues that may be used to enrich drug discovery programs. The research presented in this work focuses on the chemistry of 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione, a known carboxylic acid bioisostere.
Skarzynski Tinnitus Scale: Cultural Adaptation and Validation to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Sanfins Milaine Dominici , Donadon Caroline , Gos Elżbieta , Serra Ana Paula , Rezende Adriano , Ferrazoli Natalia , Skarżyński Piotr Henryk 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction Tinnitus is a prevalent condition among many different populations. Since tinnitus is subjective, self-report questionnaires are one way of assessing how much the condition interferes with the quality of life of an individual.
Objective The aim of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Skarzynski Tinnitus Scale (STS) into Brazilian Portuguese and validate its psychometric properties.
Methods The STS was translated and cross-culturally adapted using five main steps. Fifty-eight individuals who had continuous tinnitus were invited to complete the questionnaire. Pure tone audiometry (air and bone conduction) were also done.
Results No major changes were necessary in translating the scale. The overall score was 1.3 (range 0–4). Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach α, which ranged from 0.54 to 0.85. Differences between genders and between subscales and the total score were not significant. A statistically significant difference was only found in the coping subscale, in which normal hearing subjects had higher scores than those with hearing loss.
Conclusion The translation and adaptation of the STS established linguistic and cultural equivalence with the original. In addition, it exhibited good internal consistency. Our results suggest that the STS is suitable for use in a clinical setting.
CO2 Laser Marsupialization for Internal and Combined Laryngocele
Authors: Verro Barbara , Saraniti Carmelo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction Laryngocele is an air-filled dilatation of the laryngeal saccule that can be classified according to its extent (internal, external, or combined) and contents (laryngocele or laryngopyocele). To date, there is no consensus on the best treatment for laryngocele.
Objective The present study aims to demonstrate for the first time the effectiveness of CO2 laser marsupialization for internal and combined laryngoceles.
Methods A retrospective study was accomplished in our ENT Clinic of the University Hospital, from 2010 to today, recruiting patients according to strict criteria. All patients had internal or combined laryngocele/laryngopyocele treated with CO2 laser marsupialization.
Results A total of 15 patients were enrolled for a total of 17 laryngoceles; 66.67% of the patients were males and the mean age was 54.4 (±14.12) years old. Internal laryngoceles accounted for 64.71% of the total, and only 7 cases were laryngopyoceles. At the 3-year follow-up, no signs of recurrence were found.
Conclusion CO2 laser marsupialization is efficacious in the treatment of laryngocele or laryngopyocele, both internal and combined, in terms of efficiency, safety, and fast postoperative recovery, without need for tracheotomy or open surgery.
Endoscopic Orientation of Juxta-pituitary Carotid in Transsphenoidal Approaches: Critical Considerations for Clinical Applications
Authors: Ismail Mostafa , Darwish Mohab , Tahan Abd El Rahman El , Herzallah Islam R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction In sphenoid sinuses with ill-defined carotid bony landmarks, accidental injury of the internal carotid artery (ICA) remains one of the most challenging complications, which is particularly reported in the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches (EETAs).
Objectives To describe an anatomical model for the endoscopic orientation of the juxta-pituitary segment of the ICA in relation to the lateral opticocarotid recess (OCR) as a nearby bony landmark.
Methods Dissection was performed progressively, simulating the EETA, in twenty fresh adult cadavers. After reducing the posterior and lateral walls of the sphenoid sinuses, various measurements were taken from both lateral OCRs to “contact points” on the juxta-pituitary segment of the ICA and lateral margins of the pituitary gland.
Results The current results have enabled us to divide the region between the lateral OCRs into 3 compartments: 2 lateral parasellar compartments contain juxta-pituitary segments of the ICA with a mean width of 8 mm and a narrow range from 7 mm to 10 mm; and a central intercarotid sellar compartment represents the safe region for bone drilling, showing widely variable widths ranging from 9 mm to 20mm. In all specimens, the variation in the width of the intercarotid compartment correlated with the distance between both lateral OCRs.
Conclusion The present study improves surgeon awareness of the variations in the course of the ICA through the EETA along sphenoid sinuses with ill-defined bony landmarks. An appreciation of the measurements taken in the present study can help in operative training, and can also provide a base for future studies to confirm ICA courses associated with a higher risk of injury.
Complementary and Alternative Treatment Use in Breast Cancer Patients in the Eastern Black Sea Region—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dişli Şafak , Fidan Evren , Özdöver Ali , Kazaz Nazlı , Özdemir Feyyaz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction Complementary and alternative therapies (CAMs) are being increasingly and frequently used in the treatment of cancer patients in the last two decades.
Objectives It was aimed to examine the frequency of the use of CAMs in patients with breast cancer who applied to the outpatient clinic.
Materials and Methods Patients who were admitted to our clinic between January 2020 and 2021 and diagnosed with breast cancer for at least 3 months were included in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 37 questions was asked to the patients by the interviewer. Sociodemographic characteristics and CAM methods of the patients were questioned in the questionnaire.
Results This is a cross-sectional study that includes 338 patients. After the questionnaire was completed, the answers were evaluated, and it was detected that 147 (43.4%) patients were using CAM. Herbal treatment methods were preferred most frequently. The most frequently used herbs were turmeric, nettle, ginger, and linden. The second method used was treatments based on religious belief. The use of CAM increased as the income level of the patients increased and the duration of diagnosis increased.
Conclusion It was determined that our patients frequently used CAM methods and mostly preferred herbal methods. Since the use of CAMs during or after treatment may create undesirable results in the treatment of patients, it is necessary to be careful about this issue and inform as well as question the patients about the same.
Challenges in the Management of Retinoblastoma during Nationwide Lockdown: An Observational Study from a Retinoblastoma Center in South India
Authors: Arul Janani , Ganesan Suganeswari , Khetan Vikas , Sneha Latha M. , Jayaraman Dhaarani , Scott Julius Xavier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction The nationwide lockdown due to coronavirus disease 2019 led to travel restrictions resulting in a delay in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of children with retinoblastoma (RB).Objectives We audited the impact and challenges of lockdown among RB children over 1-year period (May 2020–2021).Materials and Methods It is a cross-sectional study of 104 children with RB, who presented within the 1-year study period. The demographic details, clinical presentations, and outcome of treatment due to lockdown were studied.Results Of the 152 eyes of 104 children, unilateral RB was observed in 52% and bilateral in 48%, in which four children had metastatic disease and one child had trilateral RB. International classification groups D (n = 64 eyes, 42%) and E (n = 38 eyes, 25%) were in majority. Almost, half of the children (n = 53, 51%) underwent enucleation. Overall, the vision was preserved in 32% of the children and globe preservation in 49% of children. Eleven children (10.5%) succumbed due to disease progression. But, only five children were affected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The majority of children (n = 72, 69%) had to travel more than or equal to 1,000 km for treatment. About 57% (n = 60) patients were newly diagnosed during the lockdown period and due to the travel restrictions, they had a mean delay of 2.2 months (range: 0–15 months) in starting treatment and 27% (n = 29) of children on treatment had an interruption of treatment.Conclusion Multidisciplinary team management with strategies to support the RB families during locked down crisis is essential to continue care without interruptions.
Aggressive Histology and Extensive Metastasis Characteristic of Very Young Gastric Cancer (Less Than 30 Years): A Retrospective Clinical Audit
Authors: Krishnamoorthi Narendran , Charles Lourdhusamy , Nisha Yadav , Dubashi Biswajit , Ganesan Prasanth , Kayal Smita , Penumadu Prasanth , Nelamangala Ramakrishnaiah Vishnu Prasad , Ganesh Rajesh Nachiappa 
Published: August 2023

Objectives Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive disease and remains one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Incidence of gastric cancer in young (GCY) varies between 2 and 8%. GCY faces unique challenges such as biological variation, diagnosis at an advanced stage, issues related to fertility preservation, and psychosocial considerations. This study aimed to find the differences in clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of GCY compared to gastric cancer in older adults (GCO).
Material and Methods This is a retrospective study from a tertiary care center. We screened records from 2015 to 2020, identified 33 records of GCY (less than 30 years), and compared the data with GCO (greater than 30 years) during 2015 and 2018.
Results We identified 33 patients with GCY with a median age of 28 years (21–30) and a female to male ratio of 2:1. In GCY, 60% of patients presented with metastatic disease. Diffuse-type histology was more common in the GCY than in GCO (66.7% vs. 41.7%, p = 0.001). In patients with metastasis, multiple metastases were common in GCY compared to GCO (45% vs. 15%, p = 0.003). The median duration of follow-up for all patients was 27 (24–29) months. In GCY, the median OS was not reached for patients treated with curative intent, and it was 13 months for those treated with palliative intent.
Conclusion The incidence of GCY in our study was like the western literature. Female patients with aggressive diffuse histology and multiple extensive metastases were characteristic of GCY. The survival outcomes were identical to GCO.