bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First blood: An efficient, hybrid one‐ and zero‐dimensional, modular hemodynamic solver
Authors: Wéber Richárd , Gyürki Dániel , Paál György 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional (1D or 0D) models can describe the whole human blood circulation, for example, 1D distributed parameter model for the arterial network and 0D concentrated models for the heart or other organs. This paper presents a combined 1D‐0D solver, called first_blood, that solves the governing equations of fluid dynamics to model low‐dimensional hemodynamic effects. An extended method of characteristics is applied here to solve the momentum, and mass conservation equations and the viscoelastic wall model equation, mimicking the material properties of arterial walls. The heart and the peripheral lumped models are solved with a general zero‐dimensional (0D) nonlinear solver. The model topology can be modular, that is, first_blood can solve any 1D‐0D hemodynamic model. To demonstrate the applicability of first_blood, the human arterial system, the heart and the peripherals are modelled using the solver. The simulation time of a heartbeat takes around 2 s, that is, first_blood requires only twice the real‐time for the simulation using an average PC, which highlights the computational efficiency. The source code is available on GitHub, that is, it is open source. The model parameters are based on the literature suggestions and on the validation of output data to obtain physiologically relevant results.
Structural Analysis of Phase Change Materials (PCMs)/Expanded Graphite (EG) Composites and Their Thermal Behavior under Hot and Humid Conditions
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhang Xiuling , Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Wiener Jakub , Palanisamy Sundaramoorthy , Sozcu Sebnem , Tan Xiaodong , Kremenakova Dana , Zhu Guocheng , Yao Juming , Militky Jiri 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExpanded graphite (EG) has been used to store phase change materials (PCM) to enhance thermal conductivity and avoid leakage. However, systematic investigation on physical structure of various embedded PCMs in EG is not reported. Besides, the effect of environment on thermal behavior of PCM/EG composites has not been investigated yet. In this work, three common PCMs (including myristic acid (MA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and paraffin wax (PW)) were embedded in EG and three PCM/EG composites were obtained. As a result, capillary force between EG and PCMs supported encapsulation of PCMs in EG. PCM/EG composites had narrower phase change range while supercooling degree values were different when various PCMs were used. Besides, the hot and humid environment had a side effect on thermal energy storage of PCMs and PCM/EG composites. The inherent hydrophilicity of PCMs was essential for resistance against side effect of moisture on thermal energy storage.
Naturally derived cytokine peptides limit virus replication and severe disease during influenza A virus infection
Authors: Harpur Christopher M , West Alison C , Le Page Mélanie A , Lam Maggie , Hodges Christopher , Oseghale Osezua , Gearing Andrew J , Tate Michelle D 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesNovel host‐targeted therapeutics could treat severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections, with reduced risk of drug resistance. LAT8881 is a synthetic form of the naturally occurring C‐terminal fragment of human growth hormone. Acting independently of the growth hormone receptor, it can reduce inflammation‐induced damage and promote tissue repair in an animal model of osteoarthritis. LAT8881 has been assessed in clinical trials for the treatment of obesity and neuropathy and has an excellent safety profile. We investigated the potential for LAT8881, its metabolite LAT9991F and LAT7771 derived from prolactin, a growth hormone structural homologue, to treat severe IAV infection.MethodsLAT8881, LAT9991F and LAT7771 were evaluated for their effects on cell viability and IAV replication in vitro, as well as their potential to limit disease in a preclinical mouse model of severe IAV infection.ResultsIn vitro LAT8881 treatment enhanced cell viability, particularly in the presence of cytotoxic stress, which was countered by siRNA inhibition of host lanthionine synthetase C‐like proteins. Daily intranasal treatment of mice with LAT8881 or LAT9991F, but not LAT7771, from day 1 postinfection significantly improved influenza disease resistance, which was associated with reduced infectious viral loads, reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increased abundance of protective alveolar macrophages. LAT8881 treatment in combination with the antiviral oseltamivir phosphate led to more pronounced reduction in markers of disease severity than treatment with either compound alone.ConclusionThese studies provide the first evidence identifying LAT8881 and LAT9991F as novel host‐protective therapies that improve survival, limit viral replication, reduce local inflammation and curtail tissue damage during severe IAV infection. Evaluation of LAT8881 and LAT9991F in other infectious and inflammatory conditions of the airways is warranted.
Aberrant modular segregation of brain networks in female patients with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Lan Zhihui , Zhu Lin‐lin , Wu Yan‐kun , Yang Jing‐jing , Li Ji‐tao , Zeng Ya‐wei , Li Ke , Kong Qing‐mei , Su Yun‐Ai , Si Tianmei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveBulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder associated with the dysfunction of intrinsic brain networks. However, whether the network disruptions in BN patients manifest as dysconnectivity or imbalances of network modular segregation remains unclear.MethodWe collected data from 41 women with BN and 41 matched healthy control (HC) women. We performed graph theory analysis based on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) data; then, we computed the participation coefficient (PC) among brain modules to characterize the modular segregation for the BN and HC groups. The number of intra‐ and inter‐modular connections was calculated to explain the PC changes. Additionally, we examined the potential associations of the measures mentioned above with clinical variables within the BN group.ResultsCompared with the HC group, the BN group showed significantly decreased PC in the fronto‐parietal network (FPN), cingulo‐opercular network (CON), and cerebellum (Cere). Additionally, the number of intra‐modular connections of the default mode network (DMN) and the number of the inter‐modular connections between the DMN and CON, FPN and Cere, and CON and Cere in the BN group were lower than those in the HC group. The nodal level analysis showed that the BN group had a decreased PC of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC), dorsal frontal cortex (dFC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), thalamus, and angular gyrus. Further, these metrics were significantly correlated with clinical variables in the BN group.DiscussionThese findings may provide novel insights to capture atypical topologies associated with pathophysiology mechanisms and clinical symptoms underlying BN.
Autumn migration tracks of Helopsaltes grasshopper‐warblers from Northeast Asia support recent taxonomic assignments
Authors: Sleptsov Yuri , Ktitorov Pavel , Round Philip D. , Heim Wieland 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMigration strategies are genetically inherited in most songbirds, and closely related species can exhibit markedly contrasting migration programs. Here, we investigate the autumn migration of one Helopsaltes grasshopper‐warbler from a population near Magadan, North East Russia, based on light‐level geolocation. Although often considered to belong to Middendorff's Grasshopper‐warbler H. ochotensis, recent genetic studies suggest that birds from this population are more closely related to Pallas's Grasshopper‐warbler H. certhiola. We compare the migratory behavior of the Magadan bird with two Pallas's Grasshopper‐warblers tracked from populations in the Kolyma River valley and the Amur region, Russia. We found similar migration patterns in all three tracked individuals, with stopover sites in eastern China and wintering sites in mainland Southeast Asia, within the known range for Pallas's Grasshopper‐warbler. Furthermore, based on morphological data compiled during bird ringing, we were able to confirm the presence of potential “Magadan grasshopper‐warblers” during spring and autumn migration in Thailand. Our scant data provide further evidence that Magadan Helopsaltes, notwithstanding their morphological resemblance to Middendorff's Grasshopper‐warbler, constitute a population of Pallas's Grasshopper‐warbler.
Generalized contextual control based on nonarbitrary and arbitrary transfer of stimulus functions
Authors: Perez William F. , Harte Colin , Barnes‐Holmes Dermot , Gomes Cainã T. , Mohor Bárbara , de Rose Júlio C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo experiments with human adults investigated the extent to which the transfer of function in accordance with nonarbitrary versus arbitrary stimulus relations may be brought under contextual control. Experiment 1 comprised four phases. Phase 1 consisted of multiple‐exemplar training to establish discriminative functions for solid, dashed, or dotted lines. Phase 2 trained and tested two equivalence classes, each containing a 3D picture, a solid, a dashed, and a dotted form. During Phase 3, a discriminative function was established for each 3D picture. Phase 4 presented the solid, dashed, and dotted stimuli in two different frames, black or gray. The black frame cued function transfer based on nonarbitrary stimulus relations (Frame Physical); the gray frame cued function transfer based on equivalence relations (Frame Arbitrary). Testing and training with the frames was continued until contextual control was established; subsequently contextual control was demonstrated with novel equivalence classes with stimuli composed of the same forms. Experiment 2 replicated and extended Experiment 1 by demonstrating that such contextual control generalized to novel equivalence classes comprising novel forms and responses. The potential implications of the findings for developing increasingly precise experimental analyses of clinically relevant phenomena are considered (e.g., defusion).
Pregnant Latinas' perspectives on pursuing expanded carrier screening: “It is better to know than not”
Authors: Tedross Melodie , Wang Haocen , Heigl‐Maza Claire , Russell Rebecca , Young Christine , Kramer Justin , Martinez Denise , Chen Wei‐Ju , Robbins‐Furman Patricia , Page Robin , Montalvo‐Liendo Nora , Chen Lei‐Shih 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the advance of genetic technologies, the use of expanded carrier screening (ECS) in the prenatal setting is growing. ECS tests for a wide range of inherited genetic disorders regardless of racial/ethnic background and family history. Latinxs are an important ECS stakeholder group as they are the largest minority group with the highest fertility rate in the United States. Yet, the Latinx population has, to date, been underrepresented and understudied in genetics/genomics research. We conducted a study to explore the knowledge and perspectives of pregnant Latinas regarding ECS in which descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the data. Thirty‐two pregnant Latinas – mostly of low educational levels (no education beyond high school) and with less than $20,000 annual household income living in rural areas were surveyed, provided with education about ECS, and interviewed. Participants were found to possess limited knowledge about ECS prior to being interviewed. Most (68.8%), however, expressed interest in pursuing ECS following the educational component that explained ECS. Their interest was mainly driven by the desire to know their baby's chance of developing a genetic disorder, the low risk of ECS procedures for both pregnant Latinas and their fetus, and the opportunity to better prepare for raising a child with a genetic condition. Our findings contribute to the limited research in the genetics/genomics field by providing in‐depth insights into the perspectives of pregnant Latinas regarding ECS. Obstetric providers and genetic counselors should provide culturally appropriate education and counseling to empower pregnant Latinas to make informed decisions about the use of ECS.
The identification and phylogenetic analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 delta variants in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Li‐Teh , Tsai Jih‐Jin , Chu Justin Jang Hann , Chen Chun‐Hong , Chen Liang‐Jen , Lin Ping‐Chang , Tsai Ching‐Yi , Hsu Miao‐Chen , Chuang Wan‐Long , Hwang Shang‐Jyh , Chong Inn‐Wen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Taiwan, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) involving the delta variant occurred after that involving the alpha variant in 2021. In this study, we aimed to analyze the Delta variant. A total of 318 patients in Taiwan infected with delta variants were identified. The case fatality rate (CFR) of patients infected with delta variants was 0.94% in Taiwan compared with that of those infected with alpha variants (5.95%). The possible reasons for the low CFR might be hybrid immunity due to infection and rapid promotion of the COVID‐19 vaccination program during the alpha variant outbreak. We identified three 21J delta variants. Two long gene deletions were detected in these severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) isolates: ORF7aΔ91 in KMUH‐8 and SpikeΔ30 in KMUH‐9. Protein structure prediction indicates that ORF7aΔ91 results in malfunction of NS7a as an interferon antagonist and that SpikeΔ30 results in a truncated spike protein (N679–A688del), resulting in a lower infection rate compared with the delta variant without these deletions. The impact of these two deletions on SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated pathogenesis deserves further investigation. Delta variants still exist in many regions in the omicron era, and the backbone of the delta variant genome possibly spread worldwide in the form of delta‐omicron hybrids (deltacron; e.g., XBC.1 and XAY.2), which casts a potential threat to public health. Our study further highlighted the importance of more understanding of the delta variants.
LEVERAGE “EXPERIENTIAL INTELLIGENCE” TO TRANSFORM YOUR ORGANIZATION
Authors: Kaplan Soren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe author goes beyond IQ (intelligence quotient) and Emotional Intelligence (EQ) to introduce “Experiential Intelligence, or XQ.” For all three qualities, which complement each other, he provides a chart regarding focus, definition, and scope. He defines XQ as “the combination of mindsets, abilities, and know‐how gained from your unique life experience.” It has three components, which in his words are mindsets (“Attitudes and beliefs about oneself, other people, and the world”), abilities (“Competencies that help integrate knowledge, skills and experiences to respond to situations in the most effective way possible”), and know‐how (“Knowledge and skills”). He describes seven “opportunities to surface and leverage Experiential Intelligence for teams and organizations,” which in his words are (1) Hire outside the box (2) Unlock peak performers (3) Retool Performance Evaluations (4) Amplify Diversity (5) Drive Innovation (6) Scale Best Practices (7) Reinvent Culture. For instance, with point 4, “Build teams and organizations that include a breadth of experiences to ensure that diverse and complementary mindsets, abilities, and know‐how are fully appreciated and optimized.” And in point 7, “Reframe failings as learning opportunities to identify specific mindsets, abilities, and know‐how gained from challenges that can be applied for future success by individuals, teams, and the organization itself.”
DETERMINING LEADERSHIP POTENTIAL FOR THE ORGANIZATIONS OF TOMORROW
Authors: Janson Kimberly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe author notes that with all of the effort and resources spent on leadership development in all sectors, there are still too many poor leaders. She believes that “we are often choosing the wrong person to put into leadership roles.” In answering what has contributed to why we are ineffective in identifying potential strong leaders, she offers six points, which in her words are (1) Lack of acumen (2) Time (3) Confusion (4) Variation (5) Tools (6) Haven’t seen great examples. She discusses three separate research efforts she has conducted in recent years, which in her words were: a qualitative case study of one industry; a qualitative survey‐based global study of nearly 600 leaders, and a deep dive qualitative study with Chief Executive Officers/CEOs from more than 50 companies. She describes in depth The Leadership Blueprint, which is a “simple framework constructed after a meta‐analysis of all the thought leadership over the last 50 years and a deep examination of the practical experience of determining leadership potential in organizations.” It focuses on critical thresholds, which in her words are intelligence and personality; learning agility and motivation; and the “actual skills of leadership and functional acumen.”
A randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of foot orthoses for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain
Authors: Sadler Sean , Spink Martin , Lanting Sean , Chuter Vivienne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe primary aim was to investigate the effect of prefabricated foot orthoses on pain and function in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Secondary aims were to report on the recruitment rate, adherence to and safety of these interventions, and the relationship between physical activity and pain and function.DesignA two‐arm parallel group (intervention vs. control) randomised (1:1) controlled trial.SubjectsForty‐one participants with chronic nonspecific LBP.InterventionTwenty participants were randomised to the intervention group (prefabricated foot orthotic and The Back Book) and 21 to the control group (The Back Book). The primary outcomes for this study were change in pain and function from baseline to 12 weeks.ResultsNo statistically significant difference in pain was found between the intervention and control group (adjusted mean difference −0.84, 95% CI: −2.09 to 0.41, p = 0.18) at the 12‐week follow‐up. No statistically significant difference in function was found between the intervention and control group (adjusted mean difference −1.47, 95% CI: −5.51 to 2.57, p = 0.47) at the 12‐week follow‐up.ConclusionThis study found no evidence of a significant beneficial effect of prefabricated foot orthoses for chronic nonspecific LBP. This study demonstrated that the rate of recruitment, intervention adherence and safety, and participant retention is acceptable and supportive of conducting a larger randomised controlled trial.Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001298202).
Monitoring and verification of micro‐strain generated inside the laminate subjected to thermal loading through fiber bragg grating sensors and classical laminate theory
Authors: Yılmaz Çağatay , Ali Hafiz Qasim , Yıldız Mehmet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors possess enormous potential for the cure monitoring and integrity assessment of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites. These sensors can be embedded inside the structure to monitor the strain in the desired region of interest. The strain on an FBG sensor can be calculated by measuring the change in the center wavelength of the sensor. This change in center wavelength is a function of temperature and mechanical strain. Therefore, temperature compensation is necessary for a precise mechanical strain measurement with an FBG sensor. In this study, FBG sensors are embedded in different layers of the CFRP laminate to record the mechanical strain caused by the thermal expansion, which happens under the influence of temperature. Classical laminate theory (CLT) is implemented to assess the accuracy of FBG sensor measurements and the strain data acquired from both FBG sensor and CLT correlates. Furthermore, a resistive strain gauge is deployed to measure the strain under the influence of temperature. It is depicted that strain values recorded by the strain gauge under the influence of the temperature do not agree with the strain measured by CLT, and an error of 150% occurs among their values.
Carbon Quantum Dot Optical Properties for potential infiltration into Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Arroyo Eurydice , Tentori Diana , Garcia Alfonso , Valdez Ricardo , Armenta Miguel A. , Nava Osvaldo J. , Machorro Roberto , Olivas Amelia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon quantum dots (CQD) have received significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in optics and sensing. In this study, the authors report on the first characterization of the optical activity and broad absorption spectrum covering from short‐wave ultraviolet, at 200 nm, to mid‐infrared, at 1600 nm, of CQD synthesized using the “low‐molecular‐weight alcohols electrochemical carbonization” method. The CQD are analyzed using spectroscopic techniques, optical activity in the infrared, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results show a CQD size distribution of 5±3 nm and spherical morphology. The absorption spectra show increased absorption at both, high and low frequency. Additionally, the specific rotation of the CQD solution is significantly higher than that of pure ethanol, by three orders of magnitude. These findings suggest that CQD may have potential applications in polarized infrared filters and/or sensors due to their ability to rotate the polarization state of light at 1550 nm. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the optical properties of CQD and their potential for infiltration into hollow core photonic crystal fibers, making them a promising material for future research and development in the field of optics and sensing.
Inadequate definition of the limit of quantification used for the analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in food by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry may compromise the reliability of the data requested by the European regulation
Authors: Delatour Thierry , Theurillat Xanthippe , Eriksen Bjørn , Mujahid Claudia , Mottier Pascal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is a widespread technology used for the quantitative determination of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in foodstuff. Specifically, LC–MS/MS offers an attractive performance by combining the sensitivity and selectivity required by the European Union for testing perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid with maximum limits of quantification (LOQ) in the sub‐parts‐per‐billion (μg/kg) or the parts‐per‐trillion (ng/kg) domains. In this article, we highlight the important diversity in LOQ definitions applied in LC–MS/MS methods described in the literature that raise concerns about the capability of some of those to generate reliable data requested by the European regulation. Here, we point out the risk of false response or misquantification if the criteria for assessing LOQ suffer from a lack of rigor. We emphasize the need to use PFAS‐free samples spiked with the analyte(s) of interest and the application of identification criteria according to official documents for a sound measurement of the LOQ.