bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the heterogeneity of technical innovation in the Chinese e-cigarette industry – rethinking the A-U model
Authors: Xu Yanmei , Zhang Yanan , Wang Ziqiang , Song Xia , Bai Zhenli , Li Xiang 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Unlike traditional industries, the e-cigarette is an epoch-making innovative product originating in China and occupying an absolute competitive advantage in the international market. The traditional A-U model describes the laws and characteristics of technological innovation in developed countries. In contrast, the inverse A-U model depicts the process of “secondary innovation” in late-developing countries through digestion and absorption. This paper aims to find out that if the e-cigarette, as a “first innovation” industry in a late-developing country, conform to the A-U model or conform to the “inverse A-U model”.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper takes the patent data of e-cigarettes from 2004 to 2021 as the research object, and uses Python’s Jieba segment words to divide product innovation and process innovation, and then uses statistical analysis methods to conduct empirical analyses on these data.

Findings
Thus, an improved A-U model suitable for the e-cigarette industry is proposed. In this model, product innovation in the e-cigarette industry appeared earlier than process innovation, but the synchronous development of product and process innovation is not lagging. The improved A-U model in the e-cigarette industry is not only different from the traditional A-U model but also does not conform to the inverse A-U model.

Research limitations/implications
It is conducive to expanding and clarifying the theoretical contribution and applicable boundaries of the A-U model and has sparked thinking and exploration of the A-U model in e-cigarettes and emerging industries.

Practical implications
On this basis, suggestions on the development path and countermeasures of the e-cigarette industry are put forward.

Originality/value
Based on the e-cigarette industry, this paper takes patents as the research object and provides the method of dividing product innovation and process innovation, and proposes an A-U model suitable for the e-cigarette industry on this basis. By comparing the traditional A-U model with the inverse A-U model in latecomer countries, the background and causes of e-cigarette A-U model heterogeneity are analyzed from different stages and overall morphology. Based on this, the heterogeneity characteristics of e-cigarette innovation are summarized and sorted out.
Real‐world safety and efficacy of amenamevir in patients with herpes zoster in Japan: A postmarketing observational study (REWARD)
Authors: Imafuku Shinich , Korematsu Kenta , Mori Naoko , Kani Tsuyoshi , Matsui Keita 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe helicase–primase inhibitor amenamevir (AMNV) was approved for herpes zoster in Japan in 2017. The authors conducted a 1‐month postmarketing observational study to evaluate the real‐world safety and efficacy (cutaneous improvement and pain resolution) of AMNV in patients with herpes zoster. Of the 3453 patients registered between March 2018 and December 2020, 3110 were included in the safety analyses. The mean age (±standard deviation) was 63.7 ± 17.5 years, with 57.9% of patients aged ≥65 years. Most patients had mild (53.3%) or moderate (41.0%) cutaneous lesions. Regarding pain, 43.9%, 25.6%, and 12.5% of patients had pain at the levels of 1–3, 4–6, and 7–10 on the numerical rating scale. In total, 30.0%, 27.2%, and 16.1% of patients were concomitantly treated with analgesics: acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and Ca2+ channel α 2δ ligands, respectively, and 10.6% were treated with topical antiherpetic drugs. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 0.77% of patients, including four serious adverse drug reactions in four patients (hyponatremia, thrombocytopenia, rash, and rhabdomyolysis). Regarding important potential risks, renal disorder, cardiovascular events, and decreased platelets were observed in one, one, and two patients, respectively. Concerning efficacy, the cutaneous improvement rate (significantly improved or improved) was 95.5%, with significantly higher improvement rates in patients treated with AMNV for 7 days and in patients with less severe cutaneous lesions or less pain. Factors affecting the time to pain resolution were the severity of cutaneous lesions and pain at the start of AMNV treatment and older age. This study demonstrated that the AMNV is safe and effective in patients with herpes zoster in a real‐world clinical setting.
Background factors predicting the occurrence of herpes zoster in atopic dermatitis patients treated with upadacitinib
Authors: Hagino Teppei , Saeki Hidehisa , Fujimoto Eita , Kanda Naoko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUpadacitinib, an oral Janus kinase 1 inhibitor approved for treating atopic dermatitis (AD), can cause adverse events such as herpes zoster (HZ) and acne. We aimed to identify background factors predicting the occurrence of HZ and acne during upadacitinib treatment in patients with AD. From August 2021 to December 2022, 112 Japanese patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD (aged ≥12 years) were treated with upadacitinib 15 mg/day (78 patients) or 30 mg/day (34 patients) plus topical corticosteroids or delgocitinib limited to head and neck for 3–9 months. AD patients with the occurrence of HZ during upadacitinib treatment had higher incidences for history of HZ and of bronchial asthma than those without in the upadacitinib 15 mg, 30 mg, and whole groups. AD patients with occurrence of HZ had higher pretreatment values of lactate dehydrogenase and eczema area and severity index on head and neck compared to those without in the upadacitinib 15 mg and whole groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that history of HZ was associated with the occurrence of HZ in the upadacitinib 15 mg and whole groups. The proportion of underage patients (<18 years) was higher in patients with occurrence of acne compared to those without in the upadacitinib 30 mg group, but no significant differences were found in the other background factors between the two patient populations. History of HZ may predict the occurrence of HZ during upadacitinib treatment in patients with AD.
Inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction in forest soil microcosms by different forms of methanobactin
Authors: Chang Jin , Peng Peng , Farhan Ul‐Haque Muhammad , Hira Abid , DiSpirito Alan A. , Semrau Jeremy D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCopper plays a critical role in controlling greenhouse gas emissions as it is a key component of the particulate methane monooxygenase and nitrous oxide reductase. Some methanotrophs excrete methanobactin (MB) that has an extremely high copper affinity. As a result, MB may limit the ability of other microbes to gather copper, thereby decreasing their activity as well as impacting microbial community composition. Here, we show using forest soil microcosms that multiple forms of MB; MB from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (MB‐OB3b) and MB from Methylocystis sp. strain SB2 (MB‐SB2) increased nitrous oxide (N2O) production as well caused significant shifts in microbial community composition. Such effects, however, were mediated by the amount of copper in the soils, with low‐copper soil microcosms showing the strongest response to MB. Furthermore, MB‐SB2 had a stronger effect, likely due to its higher affinity for copper. The presence of either form of MB also inhibited nitrite reduction and generally increased the presence of genes encoding for the iron‐containing nitrite reductase (nirS) over the copper‐dependent nitrite reductase (nirK). These data indicate the methanotrophic‐mediated production of MB can significantly impact multiple steps of denitrification, as well as have broad effects on microbial community composition of forest soils.
A retrospective analysis of cardiovascular deaths: A 5‐year autopsy study of 1045 cases in Antalya, Turkey
Authors: Deveci Cemyigit , Demircin Sema 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to identify the macroscopic and microscopic changes that occur in the heart in different causes of cardiovascular death and sudden cardiac death in autopsy cases and evaluate the difficulties that a forensic practitioner may encounter during autopsies. All forensic autopsy cases in the Morgue Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Antalya Group Administration between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, were examined, retrospectively. The cases were chosen according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their autopsy reports were examined in detail. It was determined that 1045 cases met the study criteria, 735 of which were also met the sudden cardiac death criteria. The top three common causes of death were ischemic heart disease (n = 719, 68.8%), left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 105, 10%), and aortic dissection (n = 58, 5.5%). The frequency of myocardial interstitial fibrosis was significantly higher in deaths due to left ventricular hypertrophy than in deaths due to ischemic heart disease and other causes (χ2(2) = 33.365, p < 0.001). Despite detailed autopsy and histopathological examinations, some heart diseases that cause sudden death may still not be detected.
The graduate dietitian experience of employment and employability: A longitudinal qualitative research study from one Australian university
Authors: Blair Merran , Mitchell Lana , Gibson Simone , Rees Charlotte E. , Ottrey Ella , Monrouxe Lynn V. , Palermo Claire 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsDiet‐related chronic disease contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. Dietitians are best placed to address this disease burden, yet graduate dietitians may struggle to find employment. This study aimed to explore dietetics graduates' experiences of employment and employability, up to 6‐month post‐degree completion.MethodsSecondary data analysis of in‐depth qualitative interview data and longitudinal audio‐diaries was undertaken. An interpretivist approach was employed whereby knowledge was viewed as subjective and multiple realities exist. A total of five entrance interviews, 31 audio‐diaries and three exit interviews, from nine graduates were included in the analysis. This comprised 12 h of longitudinal audio data. Thematic analysis was undertaken using a framework analysis method.ResultsFour key themes were identified: (1) The tumultuous process of applying for jobs demonstrated that graduates struggled with repeated rejections. (2) The uncertain journey to employment indicated that job‐seeking was a limbo stage marked by uncertainty. (3) Feeling the pressure showed that graduates experienced pressure from multiple sources. (4) Enhancing employability explained that graduates were not prepared for available employment opportunities, but utilised resources to increase their employability.ConclusionDiverse placement experiences may better prepare graduates for available employment opportunities. To enhance employability, it may be beneficial to assist students to develop job‐seeking skills, and to engage in networking and volunteering experiences during their education.
Stereotactic ablation: A game changer?
Authors: Bale Reto , Laimer Gregor , Schullian Peter , Alzaga Amilcar 
Published: July 2023

SummaryFor both primary and metastatic liver cancer, thermal ablation represents an interesting alternative to surgery. However, except for a small fraction of patients, conventional ultrasound‐ and CT‐guided single‐probe approaches have not achieved oncologic outcomes comparable with surgery. In this overview, we describe our stereotactic ablation workflow and discuss the short‐ and long‐term results of stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) and stereotactic microwave ablation (SMWA) for the treatment of primary and secondary liver tumours. The advantages of this method are discussed together with a summary of the existing stereotactic techniques for thermal ablation and the clinical data that support them. Stereotactic ablation is based on an optical navigation system and a specialized aiming tool. The workflow includes advanced three‐dimensional planning, precise needle/probe placements according to the plan and intraoperative image fusion to check the needle positions and the ablation margins. Stereotactic ablation offers all the advantages of a minimally invasive procedure while producing oncological results comparable with surgery. The number of locally treatable liver cancers may be significantly expanded with these cutting‐edge instruments and methods. We firmly believe that it can become a cornerstone in the treatment of liver cancers.
Azathioprine hypersensitivity: A Sweet‐like syndrome
Authors: Sivanandam Lokesh Koumar , Begum Benazir , Martinez Ernesto Calderon , Garikipati Sushmita , Sanker Vivek , Siddiq Abdelmonem 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionAzathioprine hypersensitivity can occasionally present as Sweet‐like syndrome, a dose‐independent side effect characterized by the unanticipated onset of macules, papules, and pustules.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with complaints of generalized maculopapular rash, facial swelling, and bilateral lower extremity edema with a duration of 4 days and a 2‐day history of constitutional symptoms within 2 weeks of the beginning of azathioprine therapy to treat existing lupus nephritis (class 2/3).DiscussionPatients who experience azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome can present with erythema nodosum, small‐vessel vasculitis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Sweet syndrome, and nonspecific dermatosis. The following signs and symptoms are used as criteria to diagnose drug‐induced Sweet syndrome: (a) abrupt onset of painful erythematous plaques, (b) histopathological evidence of dense neutrophilic infiltrate without evidence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, (c) temperature higher than 39.7°C, (d) temporal relationship between drug ingestion and clinical presentation, and (e) temporal resolution of lesions after drug withdrawal. Our patient met three out of five criteria and was diagnosed with Sweet‐like syndrome.ConclusionOur case highlights the uncommonly presented azathioprine‐induced Sweet‐like syndrome that occurs abruptly after the commencement of the offending drug. This diagnosis can be established through basic laboratory workup and skin biopsy findings.
Acute adolescent morphine exposure improves dark avoidance memory and enhances long‐term potentiation of ventral hippocampal CA1 during adulthood in rats
Authors: Khani Fatemeh , Pourmotabbed Ali , Hosseinmardi Narges , Alaee Elham , Fathollahi Yaghoub , Azizi Hossein 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdolescence represents a distinctive vulnerable period when exposure to stressful situations including opioid exposure can entail lasting effects on brain and can change neural mechanisms involved in memory formation for drug‐associated cues, possibly increasing vulnerability of adolescents to addiction. Herein, the effects of acute adolescent morphine exposure (AAME, two injections of 2.5 mg/kg SC morphine on PND 31) were therefore investigated 6 weeks later (adulthood) on avoidance memory and hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral‐CA1 synapses in transvers slices from the ventral hippocampus in adult male rats using field recordings technique. Animal body weight was measured from PND 31 throughout PND 40 and also in four time points with 1 week intervals from adolescence to adulthood (PNDs 48, 55, 62 and 69) to evaluate the effect of AAME on the weight gain. We showed that there were no effects on body weight, anxiety‐like behaviour and locomotor activity, even until adulthood. There was an improved dark avoidance memory during adulthood. Finally, AAME had no effects on baseline synaptic responses and resulted in a decrease in the mean values of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential slopes required to evoke the half‐maximal population spike amplitude and an enhancement of LTP magnitude (%) in the ventral CA1 during adulthood. Briefly, our results suggest long‐lasting effects of acute adolescent morphine exposure on the ventral hippocampus, which begin the enhancing of synaptic plasticity and the improving of emotional memory in adulthood.
Decidual lymphatic endothelial cell‐derived granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor induces M1 macrophage polarization via the NF‐κB pathway in severe pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Jung Yun Ji , Lee Yeji , Kwon Hayan , Kim Hyoung‐Pyo , Kwon Han‐Sung , Park Eunhyang , Lee JoonHo , Kim Young‐Han , Maeng Yong‐Sun , Kwon Ja‐Young 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProblemDirect interactions between macrophages and lymphatic vessels have been shown previously. In pre‐eclampsia (PE), macrophages are dominantly polarized into a proinflammatory M1 phenotype and lymphangiogenesis is defective in the decidua. Here, we investigated whether decidual lymphatic endothelial cells (dLECs) affect macrophage polarization in PE.Method of StudyTHP‐1 macrophages were cocultured with dLECs or cultured in the conditioned medium (CM) of dLECs. Macrophage polarization was measured using flow cytometry. Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) expression in dLECs was measured using qRT‐PCR and ELISA. The activation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κ (NF‐κB), an upstream signaling molecule of GM‐CSF, was assessed by immunocytochemical localization of p65. Through GM‐CSF knockdown and NF‐κB inhibition in dLEC, we evaluated whether the GM‐CSF/NF‐κB pathway of PE dLEC affects decidual macrophage polarization.ResultsThe ratio of inflammatory M1 macrophages with HLA‐DR+/CD80+ markers significantly increased following coculturing with PE dLECs or culturing in PE dLEC CM, indicating that the PE dLEC‐derived soluble factor acts in a paracrine manner. GM‐CSF expression was significantly upregulated in PE dLECs. Recombinant human GM‐CSF induced macrophage polarization toward an M1‐like phenotype, whereas its knockdown in PE dLECs suppressed it, suggesting PE dLECs induce M1 macrophage polarization by secreting GM‐CSF. The NF‐κB p65 significantly increased in PE dLECs compared to the control, and pretreatment with an NF‐κB inhibitor significantly suppressed GM‐CSF production from PE dLECs.ConclusionsIn PE, dLECs expressing high levels of GM‐CSF via the NF‐κB‐dependent pathway play a role in inducing decidual M1 macrophage polarization.
Another path to electoral reform: Cohort replacement and electoral issues for rule changes in Japan
Authors: Kim Yong Jae , Patterson Dennis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe literature of electoral reform explains politicians' preferences and social forces such as working‐class power or expansions of the suffrage are the major factors that bring about a change in electoral rules. However, we argue that generational replacement and electoral issue effects lead politicians to introduce a new electoral system for their electoral survival in future. By examining Japan's surveys for pre‐ and postreform elections, we show that the entrance of new generation and salient issue concerns dissolve electoral bases of political parties and finally give rise to a change in the rules of the game for the greater electoral stability that political elites desire.
Deprescribing in primary care without deterioration of health‐related outcomes: A real‐life, quality improvement project
Authors: Olesen Anne Estrup , Væver Tanja Joest , Simonsen Martin , Simonsen Peter Gaardbo , Høj Kirsten 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMedication reviews focusing on deprescribing can reduce potentially inappropriate medication; however, evidence regarding effects on health‐related outcomes is sparse. In a real‐life quality improvement project using a newly developed chronic care model, we investigated how a general practitioner‐led medication review intervention focusing on deprescribing affected health‐related outcomes. We performed a before–after intervention study including care home residents and community‐dwelling patients affiliated with a large Danish general practice. The primary outcomes were changes in self‐reported health status, general condition and functional level from baseline to 3–4 months follow‐up. Of the 105 included patients, 87 completed the follow‐up. From baseline to follow‐up, 255 medication changes were made, of which 83% were deprescribing. Mean self‐reported health status increased (0.55 [95% CI: 0.22 to 0.87]); the proportion with general condition rated as ‘average or above’ was stable (0.06 [95% CI: −0.02 to 0.14]); and the proportion with functional level ‘without any disability’ was stable (−0.05 [95% CI: −0.09 to 0.001]). In conclusion, this general practitioner‐led medication review intervention was associated with deprescribing and increased self‐reported health status without the deterioration of general condition or functional level in real‐life primary care patients. The results should be interpreted carefully given the small sample size and lack of control group.
Congruence between ultraconserved element‐based matrices and phylotranscriptomic datasets in the scorpion Tree of Life
Authors: Santibáñez‐López Carlos E. , Ojanguren‐Affilastro Andrés A. , Graham Matthew R. , Sharma Prashant P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractScorpions are ancient and historically renowned for their potent venom. Traditionally, the systematics of this group of arthropods was supported by morphological characters, until recent phylogenomic analyses (using RNAseq data) revealed most of the higher‐level taxa to be non‐monophyletic. While these phylogenomic hypotheses are stable for almost all lineages, some nodes have been hard to resolve due to minimal taxonomic sampling (e.g. family Chactidae). In the same line, it has been shown that some nodes in the Arachnid Tree of Life show disagreement between hypotheses generated using transcritptomes and other genomic sources such as the ultraconserved elements (UCEs). Here, we compared the phylogenetic signal of transcriptomes vs. UCEs by retrieving UCEs from new and previously published scorpion transcriptomes and genomes, and reconstructed phylogenies using both datasets independently. We reexamined the monophyly and phylogenetic placement of Chactidae, sampling an additional chactid species using both datasets. Our results showed that both sets of genome‐scale datasets recovered highly similar topologies, with Chactidae rendered paraphyletic owing to the placement of Nullibrotheas allenii. As a first step toward redressing the systematics of Chactidae, we establish the family Anuroctonidae (new family) to accommodate the genus Anuroctonus.
Convolutional neural networks combined with feature selection for radio‐frequency fingerprinting
Authors: Baldini Gianmarco , Amerini Irene , Dimc Franc , Bonavitacola Fausto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRadio‐frequency fingerprinting is a technique for the authentication and identification of wireless devices using their intrinsic physical features and an analysis of the digitized signal collected during transmission. The technique is based on the fact that the unique physical features of the devices generate discriminating features in the transmitted signal, which can then be analyzed using signal‐processing and machine‐learning algorithms. Deep learning and more specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to the problem of radio‐frequency fingerprinting using a spectral domain representation of the signal. A potential problem is the large size of the data to be processed, because this size impacts on the processing time during the application of the CNN. We propose an approach to addressing this problem, based on dimensionality reduction using feature‐selection algorithms before the spectrum domain representation is given as an input to the CNN. The approach is applied to two public data sets of radio‐frequency devices using different feature‐selection algorithms for different values of the signal‐to‐noise ratio. The results show that the approach is able to achieve not only a shorter processing time; it also provides a superior classification performance in comparison to the direct application of CNNs.