bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRIMINAL SENTENCING ON MINORS
Authors: Владимиров С.В. , Малышева В.Е. 
Published: July 2023

Статья посвящена изучению норм уголовного законодательства России, материалов судебной практики, регламентирующих назначение уголовных наказаний, а также мер воспитательного характера в отношении несовершеннолетних. Рассмотрена статистика применения различных видов наказаний, назначаемых несовершеннолетним, последних лет, на основании чего сделаны выводы о существенном изменении уголовной политики в отношении лиц, совершивших преступление в возрасте от четырнадцати до семнадцати лет. Отмечено, что личность детей и подростков находится на стадии формирования, они легче поддаются негативному влиянию со стороны взрослых, а желание самоутвердиться толкает их на совершение преступлений, поэтому наказания за совершенные преступления должны носить гуманный характер и быть направлены на перевоспитание личности. На основании правоприменительной практики сделан вывод, что наиболее эффективным видом наказания, назначаемого несовершеннолетним, является ограничение свободы, наименее эффективным – штраф. Что касается мер воспитательного воздействия на несовершеннолетних, то наиболее урегулированными являются предупреждение и обязанность по заглаживанию нанесенного вреда. Авторами изучены и обоснованы недостатки остальных мер, которые сказываются на их эффективности.
The article is devoted to the study of the norms of the criminal legislation of Russia, materials of judicial practice regulating the appointment of criminal penalties, as well as educational measures against minors. The statistics of the last years of the application of various types of punishments imposed on minors are considered, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn about a significant change in criminal policy in relation to persons who have committed a crime between the ages of fourteen and seventeen. It is noted that the personality of children and adolescents is at the stage of formation, they are easier to be negatively influenced by adults, and the desire to assert themselves pushes them to commit crimes, therefore, punishments for crimes committed should be humane and aimed at re-education of the individual. Based on law enforcement practice, it is concluded that the most effective type of punishment imposed on minors is restriction of freedom, the least effective is a fine. As for the measures of educational influence on minors, the most regulated are the prevention and the obligation to make amends for the harm done, while the remaining measures have a number of shortcomings that affect their effectiveness. These shortcomings are stated in the work and justified.
An Improved Coupled Dynamic Modeling for Exploring Gearbox Vibrations Considering Local Defects
Authors: Han Yaoyao , Chen Xiaohui , Xiao Jiawei , Gu James Xi , Xu Minmin 
Published: July 2023

Gearbox is a key part in machinery, in which gear, shaft and bearing operate together to transmit motion and power. The wide usage and high failure rate of gearbox make it attract much attention on its health monitoring and fault diagnosis. Dynamic modeling can study the mechanism under different faults and provide theoretical foundation for fault detection. However, current commonly used gear dynamic model usually neglects the influence of bearing and shaft, resulting in incomplete understanding on gearbox fault diagnosis especially under the effect of local defects on gear and shaft. To address this problem, an improved gear-shaft-bearing-housing dynamic model is proposed to reveal the vibration mechanism and responses considering shaft whirling and gear local defects. Firstly, an eighteen degree-of-freedom gearbox dynamic model is proposed, taking into account the interaction among gear, bearing and shaft. Secondly, the dynamic model is iteratively solved. Then, vibration responses are expounded and analyzed considering gear spalling and shaft crack. Numerical results show that the gear mesh frequency and its harmonics have higher amplitude through the spectrum. Vibration RMS and the shaft rotating frequency increase with the spalling size and shaft crack angle in general. An experiment is designed to verify the rationality of the proposed gearbox model. Lastly, comprehensive analysis under different spalling size and shaft crack angle are analyzed. Results show that when spalling size and crack angle is lager, RMS and the amplitude of shaft rotating frequency will not increase linearly. The dynamic model can accurately simulate the vibration of gear transmission system, which is helpful to gearbox fault diagnosis.
IMPLEMENTING LITERACY PROGRAM TO OVERCOME MADRASAH ALIYAH STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN MINIMUM COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Kharami Sevty Sheyla , Faoziyah Rizki Nur , Dani Umar 
Published: July 2023

This study seeks to describe the literacy curriculum in MAN 1 Bogor as a solution dealing with the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM). AKM is one of the primary instruments of the National Assessment that serves as a replacement for the National Examination and provides data for mapping and evaluating the education system. AKM is administered to pupils at all levels of education, including grade 4 elementary school, grade 8 junior high school, and grade 11 high school / vocational school with varying levels and question counts. The results of AKM can depict the actual state of students' mastery of reading and numeracy literacy skills. This form of research is qualitative and descriptive. The participants are pupils enrolled in AKM MAN 1 Bogor, West Java, for the 2021/2022 academic year. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect information for this study. 81% of the respondents at MAN 1 Bogor demonstrated the need for an adult literacy program. Three students with varying levels of ability were also interviewed to strengthen the research findings
V445 Puppis: Dustier than a Thousand Novae
Authors: Banerjee D. P. K. , Evans A. , Woodward C. E. , Starrfield S. , Su K. Y. L. , Ashok N. M. , Wagner R. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
V445 Puppis, the only known Galactic helium nova, is a unique test bed to verify supernova (SN) theories in the single-degenerate channel that involve a white dwarf (WD) accreting matter from a helium-rich donor. An estimate of the mass of the helium shell on the WD is crucial to deciding whether or not it will undergo an SN detonation. In this context, this study estimates the dust and ejecta masses in the 2000 November eruption of V445 Pup. Subsequent to its outburst, the star became cocooned in a dust envelope. An analysis of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the dust using infrared data shows that V445 Pup produced at least 10−3
M
⊙ of dust, which is unprecedented for a classical or recurrent nova. The SED can be explained by a combination of a cold dust component at 105 ± 10 K, mass (1.9 ± 0.8) × 10−3
M
⊙, and a warm dust component at 255 ± 10 K, mass (2.2 ± 1.2) × 10−5
M
⊙. For a conservative choice of the gas-to-dust mass ratio in the range 10–100, the mass of the ejecta is 0.01–0.1 M
⊙. Such a high mass range raises the question: why did V445 Pup not detonate as a Type Ia SN as is predicted in certain double-detonation sub-Chandrasekhar supernovae formalisms? We reexamine the nature of V445 Pup and discuss its role as a potential SN progenitor.
Post-flight Evaluation of Lidar-based Digital Terrain Models for OSIRIS-REx Navigation at Bennu
Authors: Leonard Jason M. , Geeraert Jeroen L. , McCarthy Leilah K. , Adam Coralie D. , Antreasian Peter G. , Barnouin Olivier S. , Daly Michael G. , Seabrook Jeffrey A. , Lauretta Dante S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft spent more than 2 yr characterizing near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu. The OSIRIS-REx Laser Altimeter (OLA) was responsible for producing the most accurate reconstruction of the asteroid’s surface—down to a global resolution of around 5 cm with a data precision of ±1.25 cm. However, the best-quality global OLA digital terrain model (DTM), version 21 (v21), was not available for navigation during proximity operations, nor was the utility of this model evaluated for processing images and altimeter data for navigation. The focus of this paper is the post-flight assessment of the final OLA v21 DTM, its performance for navigation-related analysis, and estimates of corrections needed for the DTM and measurement models. We created 15 cm resolution maplets for processing optical navigation (OpNav) data, and 5 cm resolution DTMs for processing altimeter data, to estimate a combined spacecraft trajectory over five phases of the mission. Our estimated corrections to the OLA instrument model produce altimeter data residuals with a precision of 7.12 cm (1σ; one standard deviation from the mean). The OpNav maplets produce image residuals at 0.2 px (1σ) and estimated landmark locations accurate to ±6 cm, outperforming DTM navigation-related performance requirements. Finally, our estimate of the global DTM scale is more precise and within 1.1σ of previously reported values. We find that a slight discrepancy persists between the image and altimeter data, with image data suggesting that the DTM is too small by 0.049%, but nevertheless is exceptional for navigation.
The State of CO and CO2 Ices in the Kuiper Belt as Seen by JWST
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Fraser Wesley C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
JWST has shown that CO2 and CO are common on the surfaces of objects in the Kuiper Belt and have apparent surface coverages even higher than that of water ice, though water ice is expected to be significantly more abundant in the bulk composition. Using full Mie scattering theory, we show that the high abundance and the unusual spectral behavior around the 4.26 μm ν
1 band of CO2 can be explained by a surface covered in a few micron thick layer of ∼1–2 μm CO2 particles. CO is unstable at the temperatures in the Kuiper Belt, so the CO must be trapped in some more stable species. While hydrate clathrates or amorphous water ice are often invoked as a trapping mechanism for outer solar system ices, the expected spectral shift of the absorption line for a CO hydrate clathrates or trapping in amorphous ice is not seen, nor does the H2O abundance appear to be high enough to explain the depth of the CO absorption line. Instead, we suggest that the CO is created via irradiation of CO2 and trapped in the CO2 grains during this process. The presence of a thin surface layer of CO2 with embedded CO suggests volatile differentiation driving CO2 from the interior as a major process driving the surface appearance of these mid-sized Kuiper Belt objects, but the mechanisms that control the small grain size and depth of the surface layer remain unclear.
Shaping Social Justice Values Through Inclusive Assessment and Debriefing of eLearning Modules
Authors: Killam Laura , Luctkar-Flude Marian , Tyerman Jane 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Nurses need to recognize how intersectionality shapes the experiences of individuals and families navigating complex health systems. Guided reflection on complex social justice issues serves as an approach to move beyond simply understanding social determinants of health toward shaping core professional values of developing nurses to promote lasting change.

Method:
Third-year Canadian undergraduate prelicensure nursing students co-created assignment expectations, completed online modules, and submitted initial reflections before class in a mandatory social justice course. In-class debriefing was based on students' reflections and cofacilitated by subject matter experts. Students completed a final reflection that focused on advocating for social change.

Results:
Student feedback, reflections, and grades as well as faculty observations support the success of this interactive student-centered approach.

Conclusion:

A flexible approach to debriefing modular content informed by universal design for learning and simulation theory enables nurse educators to promote in-depth, meaningful, and lasting student learning.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(1):48–52.]
Motor Dysfunction of Gastric Antral Smooth Muscle in Diabetic Rats: Contribution of ATP-Dependent Potassium Channels
Authors: Khoshavi Najafabadi Fatameh , Sadraei Hassan , Mehranfard Nasrin , Ghasemi Maedeh 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The goal of the current research was to further elucidate the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the motility and contractility force of gastric smooth muscle of diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods:
Male Wistar rats (190–230 g) were grouped into control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (55 mg/kg) rats. Thirty days later, gastric muscle contractility was measured using a myograph and a force transducer of antral segments immersed in a tissue bath. Gastric emptying response was measured through feeding of standard pellet. Furthermore, the expression of KATP channel subunits in antral smooth muscle was determined by western blot technique.

Results:
The amplitude of KCl-evoked twitch contractions of diabetic antral strips was about 25% more than control (P < 0.05). Application of minoxidil, a KATP channel opener, dose dependently decreased the force of twitch contractions in both normal and diabetic antral strips. Application of 10 μM glibenclamide, a KATP channel blocker, did not antagonize the minoxidil-induced relaxation of antral strips. Diabetic gastric emptying was faster than normal, although not significant. Despite the relaxant effect of minoxidil on gastric emptying rate in normal rats (P < 0.05), this effect was not observed in diabetic rats. Also, glibenclamide increased gastric emptying and antagonized minoxidil-induced relaxation in normal rats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of KATP Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits was substantially reduced in antral smooth muscle in diabetic condition (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
These results propose that KATP channels may contribute to the development of gastric motility disorders in diabetes.
Response of Phase-I MBBS Students to Anatomy Teaching with Three-dimensional Models of the Pelvic Girdle
Authors: Baro Baneswar , Saloi Ritu , Bora Bhabajyoti , Rabha Gunamani 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Anatomical knowledge is an integral component of medical education. As there is little consensus over the best teaching methods, teachers may use a variety of teaching aids to help students understand a particular topic.

Aims and Objectives:
The aims and objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of three-dimensional (3D) models as a teaching tool for the pelvis.

Subjects and Methods:
We conducted a study among 100 phase 1 MBBS students at a tertiary medical college to assess their level of understanding of pelvic anatomy from a teaching perspective. 3D models were constructed and used as teaching tools. Participants were evaluated using a Likert scale and knowledge-based tests, such as multiple-choice questions and identification questions.

Results:
The results showed that the teaching tool used significantly (P < 0.05) improved the understanding of the topic, and most of the students strongly agreed that the teaching was informative (71.4%) and interesting (73.7%). A total of 76.4% of students agreed that they could easily take notes. All students (100%) agreed that the teaching tool used was clear, audible, understandable, well organized, advancing their understanding of the subject, and helpful for revision and memory retention.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that using physical 3D models as a teaching tool improve the overall understanding of the pelvic region. However, further studies are required to assess the long-term impact of the 3D model as a teaching tool.
Repigmentation of Segmental Vitiligo with Scalp and Pubic Follicular Unit Extraction Graft Transplantation
Authors: Pillai Jisha , Goyal Nilesh 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Segmental vitiligo (SV) has been identified as a type of vitiligo starting early on in life with a rapidly progressive depigmentation in the affected area. Surgical modalities have shown better outcomes in SV compared with medical therapies. Perifollicular repigmentation being the mode of pigment spread after surgical treatments, follicular unit extraction graft surgery has shown complete repigmentation with minimal postoperative scarring. We present a case of SV where hair transplant surgery was done using scalp hair and pubic hair grafts at different times achieving complete repigmentation with photochemotherapy.
Manajemen Mutu Terpadu Dalam Pemulihan Sektor Pendidikan Pasca Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Emiyati Ayang 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini berjudul tentang Manajemen Mutu Terpadu dalam pemulihan Sektor Pendidikan Pasca Pandemik covid 19. Dunia pendidikan terkena dampak covid 19 sehingga peserta didik mengalami kehilangan pembelajaran. Dengan demikian penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan tentang Prinsip-prinsip Manajemen Mutu Terpadu dan Pemulihan Sektor Pendidikan Pasca Covid-19. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah apa saja yang menjadi Prinsip-prinsip Manajemen Mutu Terpadu dan Pemulihan Sektor Pendidikan Pasca Covid-19? Adapun metode yang digunakan ialah metode kepustakaan Penelitian yang menggunakan metode kepustakaan ialah jenis penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif yang biasa dipakai umumnya yang dilakukan dengan cara tidak terjun langsung ke lapangan dalam mencari sumber data karena penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan atas karya tertulis seperti jurnal atau buku yang sudah terpublikasi. Hasil prinsip-prinsip Manajemen mutu terpadu ialah berfokus pada pelanggan, perbaikan yang berkelanjutan, komitmen dan pengukuran. Dalam pemulihan sektor pendidikan pasca covid-19 ialah menerapkankan kurikulum merdeka belajar dan menerapkan model pembelajaran jarak jauh.
Roman Silver Objects from the Ancient Kingdom of Kartli (Caucasian Iberia) in Georgia (Mtskheta, Dedoplis Gora [Kareli district]) – a Lead Isotope Investigation
Authors: Parjanadze Teimuraz , Bode Michael 
Published: July 2023

Seven silver objects from antique Georgia, e. g. a raven and a goddess Diana sculpture, have been archaeometallurgically investigated. Six are dated into the 1st century AD and have been found in a burnt down palace at “Dedoplis Gora”. They are all strongly affected by a fire which was caused by an earthquake in 80 AD. Another object of study is a fragmented silver box of the 3rd century AD, excavated at Mtskheta, the old capital of the Kingdom of Kartli. All objects come from a time of great political influence from Rome. The provenance investigation by lead isotope analysis points not only to three different sources in the Roman Empire, the Central Balkans, the Cévennes (Massif Central) in France and the Pangeon Mountains in northern Greece, but also to lead-silver mines in Iran.
Identity and Publishing in Archaeometallurgy
Authors: Sabatini Benjamin , Mödlinger Marianne 
Published: July 2023

This paper covers aspect of the gender, education, and current profession of individuals engaged in archaeometallurgy from an anonymous questionnaire submitted by the authors to the ARCH-METALS LISTSERV. While the questionnaire itself was answered by only a fraction of the total list members, and likely excludes a portion that do not subscribe, we believe those that responded are some of the most active individuals in the field and it therefore has value as the first self-reflexive poll of its kind. It allowed the authors to obtain anonymous information regarding the academic training of practicing archaeometallurgists, and aspects of the review and paper publication preferences in the field. Recommendations for improving publishing and review speed are also discussed based on the questionnaire results and current review literature.
Atividade física nos estudantes de enfermagem: determinantes sociodemográficos, académicos e de personalidade
Authors: Nunes Carla , Chaves Cláudia , Duarte João 
Published: July 2023

A inatividade física entreestudantes do ensino superior está associada a diversos fatores, tais como a complexidade e as exigências curriculares (Çiçek, 2018), especialmente em estudantes de enfermagem. Nesta perspetiva o objetivo desta investigação é identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e académicas que interferem na prática de atividade física e determinar a associação entre a personalidade e a prática de atividade física nos estudantes de enfermagem. Realizou-se uma investigação quantitativa não experimental, em corte transversal, descritiva e correlacional, numaamostra não probabilística por conveniência de 372 estudantes de enfermagem. Aplicou-se um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, contexto académico, Questionário Internacional de Avaliação da Atividade Física (IPAQ) e o Inventário de Personalidade de Eysenck. Destacou-se que a amostra é maioritariamente feminina (86,3%) e com idades até aos 20 anos (41,7%). Os homens e os estudantes que frequentam os 2º e 3º anos registam maior prevalência de atividade física. As variáveis preditoras da atividade física foram a idade, o sexo e a personalidade; quanto mais velhos, menor a atividade física praticada pelos estudantes; há uma maior atividade física entre o sexo masculino e os de personalidade extrovertida. Aferiu-se que estudantes mais novos com personalidade extrovertida, praticam mais atividade física.
Palavras Chave: estudantes de enfermagem, atividade física, personalidade.
Determinantes do endividamento – evidência empírica das pme da região Alentejo
Authors: Botelho Rosa , Basílio Maria , Borralho Carlos 
Published: July 2023

O presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise da estrutura de capital das Pequenas e Médias Empresas – PME – da região do Alentejo, no período entre 2013 e 2016, num período de saída de uma crise económica profunda. Para a concretização desse objetivo, utilizou-se como variável dependente o endividamento, subdividido em curto prazo e médio/longo prazo. Já como variáveis independentes foram assumidos outros benefícios fiscais, o risco, a dimensão, a composição do ativo, a reputação, a rendibilidade do ativo e o crescimento. A metodologia de análise de dados utilizada foi a de regressão com dados em painel. Constata-se, neste estudo, que o endividamento é principalmente de curto prazo para as PME do Alentejo, resultado que vai ao encontro das evidências empíricas obtidas para a generalidade das PME portuguesas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam ainda que a teoria que melhor explica a estrutura de capital é a teoria da pecking order. Em termos de implicações, os resultados parecem evidenciar que as PME da região Alentejo enfrentam dificuldades de acesso ao crédito, neste período de saída da crise. Estes resultados são importantes para os decisores políticos, sugerindo-se a adoção de medidas, como a criação de linhas especiais de crédito ou benefícios fiscais, que permitam mitigar eventuais dificuldades no acesso a fontes externas de financiamento.
Palavras Chave: estrutura de capital, endividamento, PME, Alentejo.
Inovação nas empresas de serviços: análise do inquérito comunitário à inovação
Authors: Purcinelli Lilian , Pinto Cátia , Ventura Márcia , Natário Maria 
Published: July 2023

O principal objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma análise evolutiva do Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2014 e CIS 2018, bem como entender o papel dos inquéritos europeus de inovação na medição da capacidade de inovação nos serviços, com base na análise dos dados europeus. Metodologicamente, neste estudo propõem-se duas análises complementares: a análise teórica e conceptual realizada através de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a evolução dos inquéritos europeus, e a análise empírica que tem o enfoque nos resultados obtidos de seis inquéritos europeus de atividades de inovação das empresas de serviços por atividade económica, número de pessoas ao serviço e obstáculos à inovação. Os resultados mostram que a interação entre elementos não tecnológicos e tecnológicos tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida; porém, o tratamento da inovação tecnológica e não tecnológica nos inquéritos europeus ainda é desigual.
Palavras Chave: inovação, inquéritos europeus, inovação dos serviços.