bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the most common barriers to opioid agonist treatment in an Australian setting
Authors: Hall Natasha Yvonne , Le Long , Abimanyi-Ochom Julie , Teesson Maree , Mihalopoulos Cathy 
Published: March 2023

Background Opioid use disorder is a public health concern in Australia. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is effective at treating and minimising harm from opioid use disorder, yet is underused in Australia due to client barriers. Although these barriers have been reported, the barriers that are most important to clients is unclear. The aim of this paper was to determine the most important OAT barriers to Australian clients. Methods A cross-sectional, self-completed survey was given to 204 opioid-dependent clients who attended needle and syringe sites in Australia. Participants were given 15 OAT barrier statements, which they answered using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree and 5 = strongly agree). The Likert scale data are presented using the count method and the mean Likert scores (for the whole sample and for subgroups). Results The two methods determined that the four most important barriers to OAT were stigma, lack of support services, no flexibility and enjoy using opioids. Furthermore, those who used prescription opioids (compared with heroin) were female or non-binary (compared with male), were not currently using OAT (compared with current OAT), were younger (compared with older) and had high dependence scores (compared with low dependence scores) were impacted more by certain OAT barriers. Conclusions Policies around improving support services, reducing stigma and increasing flexibility would be beneficial to reduce barriers to OAT in Australia. Second, certain groups were more vulnerable to OAT barriers, emphasising the importance to better tailor opioid treatment programs to these specific populations to increase treatment engagement.
Cluster randomised trial of a complex interprofessional intervention (interprofACT) to reduce hospital admission of nursing home residents
Authors: Mazur Ana , Tetzlaff Britta , Mallon Tina , Hesjedal-Streller Berit , Wei Vivien , Scherer Martin , Köpke Sascha , Balzer Katrin , Steyer Linda , Friede Tim , Pfeiffer Sebastian , Hummers Eva , Müller Christiane 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome hospital admissions of nursing home residents (NHRs) might be attributed to inadequate interprofessional collaboration. To improve general practitioner–nurse collaboration in nursing homes (NHs), we developed an intervention package (interprof ACT) in a previous study.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of interprof ACT on the proportion of hospitalisation and other clinical parameters within 12 months from randomisation among NHRs.MethodsMulticentre, cluster randomised controlled trial in 34 German NHs. NHRs of the control group received usual care, whereas NHRs in the intervention group received interprof ACT. Eligible NHs had at least 40 long-term care residents. NHs were randomised 1:1 pairwise. Blinded assessors collected primary outcome data.ResultsSeventeen NHs (320 NHRs) were assigned to interprof ACT and 17 NHs (323 NHRs) to usual care. In the intervention group, 136 (42.5%) NHRs were hospitalised at least once within 12 months from randomisation and 151 (46.7%) in the control group (odds ratio (OR): 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.55; 1.22], P = 0.33). No differences were found for the average number of hospitalisations: 0.8 hospitalisations per NHR (rate ratio (RR) 0.90, 95% CI: [0.66, 1.25], P = 0.54). Average length of stay was 5.7 days for NHRs in the intervention group and 6.5 days in the control group (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: [0.45, 1.11], P = 0.13). Falls were the most common adverse event, but none was related to the study intervention.ConclusionsThe implementation of interprof ACT did not show a statistically significant and clinically relevant effect on hospital admission of NHRs.
Experiences and understanding of apathy in people with neurocognitive disorders and their carers: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Burgon Clare , Goldberg Sarah , van der Wardt Veronika , Harwood Rowan H 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundapathy, defined as reduced goal-directed activity, interests and emotion, is highly prevalent in neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). Apathy has important consequences for the individuals who experience it and their carers, yet the lived experiences of apathy in this population are not well understood.Objectiveto explore how people with NCDs and their carers understand and experience apathy.Methodin-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in participants’ homes. Sixteen people with NCDs (dementia or mild cognitive impairment) and 14 carers, living in four geographical areas of England, took part. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Resultsfour themes were generated: ‘Apathy is Poorly Understood’; ‘Too much trouble: Mediating Effort and Outcome’; ‘Preserving Identity in the Face of Loss of Capability and Autonomy’ and ‘Opportunity and Exclusion’.Conclusionapathy is experienced as an understandable response to the everyday struggle people with NCDs face to preserve identity in the face of threats to capability and autonomy and is exacerbated by the lack of support and opportunities. Social and environmental modifications may help reduce apathy. In line with previous qualitative research, this challenges the dominant view of apathy as a neuropsychiatric symptom that excludes the social–environmental context.
Comparing the risk of dementia in subjects with atrial fibrillation using non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists: a Belgian nationwide cohort study
Authors: Grymonprez Maxim , Petrovic Mirko , De Backer Tine L , Ikram M Arfan , Steurbaut Stephane , Lahousse Lies 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cognitive decline, with anticoagulated subjects potentially having a reduced risk compared with non-anticoagulated subjects. However, whether non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) may reduce the risk of dementia compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) is unclear yet. Therefore, the risk of dementia was compared between AF subjects on NOACs versus VKAs.MethodsAF subjects initiating anticoagulation between 2013 and 2019 were identified in Belgian nationwide data. Inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox regression was used to investigate cognitive outcomes.ResultsAmong 237,012 AF subjects (310,850 person-years (PYs)), NOAC use was associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.85–0.98)) compared with VKAs. A trend towards a lower risk of vascular dementia (aHR 0.89, 95% CI (0.76–1.04)) and significantly lower risk of other/unspecified dementia (aHR 0.91, 95% CI (0.84–0.99)) were observed with NOACs compared with VKAs, whereas the risk of Alzheimer’s disease was similar (aHR 0.99, 95% CI (0.88–1.11)). Apixaban (aHR 0.91, 95% CI (0.83–0.99)) and edoxaban (aHR 0.79, 95% CI (0.63–0.99)) were associated with significantly lower risks of dementia compared with VKAs, while risks were not significantly different with dabigatran (aHR 1.02, 95% CI (0.93–1.12)) and rivaroxaban (aHR 0.97, 95% CI (0.90–1.05)). Comparable risks of dementia were observed between individual NOACs, except for significantly lower risks of dementia (aHR 0.93, 95% CI (0.87–0.98)) and other/unspecified dementia (aHR 0.90 (0.84–0.97)) with apixaban compared with rivaroxaban.ConclusionNOACs were associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia compared with VKAs, likely driven by apixaban and edoxaban use.
Variable ambient temperature promotes song learning and production in zebra finches
Authors: Lefeuvre Maëlle , Lu ChuChu , Botero Carlos A , Rutkowska Joanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrent climate change is leading to increasingly unpredictable environmental conditions and is imposing new challenges to wildlife. For example, ambient conditions fluctuating during critical developmental periods could potentially impair the development of cognitive systems and may therefore have a long-term influence on an individual’s life. We studied the impact of temperature variability on zebra finch cognition, focusing on song learning and song quality (N = 76 males). We used a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with two temperature conditions (stable and variable). Half of the juveniles were cross-fostered at hatching to create a mismatch between pre- and posthatching conditions, the latter matching this species’ critical period for song learning. We found that temperature variability did not affect repertoire size, syllable consistency, or the proportion of syllables copied from a tutor. However, birds that experienced variable temperatures in their posthatching environment were more likely to sing during recordings. In addition, birds that experienced variable prenatal conditions had higher learning accuracy than birds in stable prenatal environments. These findings are the first documented evidence that variable ambient temperatures can influence song learning in zebra finches. Moreover, they indicate that temperature variability can act as a form of environmental enrichment with net positive effects on cognition.
Transient Suppression of Bacterial Populations Associated with Gut Health is Critical in Success of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition for Children with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Runde Joseph , Veseli Iva , Fogarty Emily C , Watson Andrea R , Clayssen Quentin , Yosef Mahmoud , Shaiber Alon , Verma Ritu , Quince Christopher , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Rubin David T , Eren A Murat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Exclusive enteral nutrition [EEN] is a dietary intervention to induce clinical remission in children with active luminal Crohn’s disease [CD]. While changes in the gut microbial communities have been implicated in achieving this remission, a precise understanding of the role of microbial ecology in the restoration of gut homeostasis is lacking.

Methods
Here we reconstructed genomes from the gut metagenomes of 12 paediatric subjects who were sampled before, during and after EEN. We then classified each microbial population into distinct ‘phenotypes’ or patterns of response based on changes in their relative abundances throughout the therapy on a per-individual basis.

Results
Our data show that children achieving clinical remission during therapy were enriched with microbial populations that were either suppressed or that demonstrated a transient bloom as a function of EEN. In contrast, this ecosystem-level response was not observed in cases of EEN failure. Further analysis revealed that populations that were suppressed during EEN were significantly more prevalent in healthy children and adults across the globe compared with those that bloomed ephemerally during the therapy.

Conclusions
These observations taken together suggest that successful outcomes of EEN are marked by a temporary emergence of microbial populations that are rare in healthy individuals, and a concomitant reduction in microbes that are commonly associated with gut homeostasis. Our work is a first attempt to highlight individual-specific, complex environmental factors that influence microbial response in EEN. This model offers a novel, alternative viewpoint to traditional taxonomic strategies used to characterize associations with health and disease states.
Serum Immune Profiling in Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Demonstrates Stronger Immune Modulation With First-Line Infliximab Than Conventional Therapy and Pre-Treatment Profiles Predict Clinical Response to Both Treatments
Authors: Jongsma Maria M E , Costes Lea M M , Tindemans Irma , Cozijnsen Martinus A , Raatgreep Rolien (H) C , van Pieterson Merel , Li Yunlei , Escher Johanna C , de Ridder Lissy , Samsom Janneke N 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite its efficacy, rational guidance for starting/stopping first-line biologic treatment in individual paediatric Crohn’s disease [CD] patients is needed. We assessed how serum immune profiles before and after first-line infliximab [FL-IFX] or conventional [CONV] induction therapy associate with disease remission at week 52.MethodsPre- [n = 86], and 10–14-week post-treatment [n = 84] sera were collected from patients with moderate-to-severe paediatric CD in the TISKids trial, randomized to FL-IFX [n = 48; five 5-mg/kg infusions over 22 weeks] or CONV [n = 43; exclusive enteral nutrition or oral prednisolone]; both groups received azathioprine maintenance. The relative concentrations of 92 inflammatory proteins were determined with Olink Proteomics; fold changes [FC] with |log2FC| &gt; 0.5 after false discovery rate adjustment were considered significant.ResultsFL-IFX modulated a larger number of inflammatory proteins and induced stronger suppression than CONV; 18/30 proteins modulated by FL-IFX were not regulated by CONV. Hierarchical clustering based on IFX-modulated proteins at baseline revealed two clusters of patients: CD-hi patients had significantly higher concentrations of 23/30 IFX-modulated proteins [including oncostatin-M, TNFSF14, HGF and TGF-α], and higher clinical disease activity, C-reactive protein and blood neutrophils at baseline than CD-lo patients. Only 24% of CD-hi FL-IFX-treated patients maintained remission without escalation at week 52 vs 58% of CD-lo FL-IFX-treated patients. Similarly, 6% of CD-hi CONV-treated patients achieved remission vs 20% of CONV-treated CD-lo patients. Clustering based on immune profiles post-induction therapy did not relate to remission at week 52.ConclusionFL-IFX leads to stronger reductions and modulates more immune proteins than CONV. Stratification on pre-treatment profiles of IFX-modulated proteins directly relates to maintenance of remission without treatment escalation.Trial registration numberNCT02517684.
Transepistemic English language teaching for sustainable futures
Authors: Meighan Paul J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There is a relationship between language and the environment. Languages shape worldviews, inform behaviours, and are not disconnected from local political, sociocultural, and ecological contexts. English has an enduring colonial, imperialist, and assimilationist legacy and can be easily delinked from context, culture, and place. In this article, I argue that an epistemic (un)learning of the Western ‘epistemological error’ is required to enable equitable validation of all languages and knowledge systems, including those Indigenous and minoritized, in ELT for more sustainable futures. Heritage language pedagogy (HLP), conceptualized differently from mainstream versions, and transepistemic language education in the Canadian context will illustrate how epistemic (un)learning takes place. HLP seeks to relink connections between languages and place-based knowledges. The article demonstrates how HLP and transepistemic language education enables learners and educators to engage in a decolonial and pluriversal sharing of languages, knowledges, and worlds for more equitable and sustainable ELT.
Bidirectional Associations Between Sleep Quality and Grip Strength and the Mediating Role of Depression: Evidence From Two Nationally Representative Cohorts
Authors: Han Qiang , Hu Wei , Sun Na , Chu Jiadong , Chen Xuanli , Li Tongxing , He Qida , Feng Zhaolong , Shen Yueping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Although studies have demonstrated associations between sleep quality (SQ) and grip strength (GS) in older adults, the direction and underlying mechanisms of this relationship are yet to be better delineated. We aimed to longitudinally investigate the bidirectional association between SQ and GS and the mediating role of depression in this association.

Methods
Based on 2 nationally representative samples with people aged ≥50 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; 4 200 participants) and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; 5 922 participants), cross-lagged panel models were employed to examine the potential bidirectional relationships between objectively measured GS and self-reported SQ.

Results
We observed a GS–SQ bidirectional association dominated by GS. After adjusting for potential confounders, a higher GS at T1 predicted better SQ at T2 (ELSA: β = 0.075; CHARLS: β = 0.104, p &lt; .001) and vice versa (ELSA: β = 0.034; CHARLS: β = 0.030, p &lt; .01). Moreover, depression partially mediated the impact of GS on subsequent SQ (ELSA, indirect effect: 0.0057, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0035–0.0084; CHARLS, indirect effect: 0.0086, 95% CI: 0.0051, 0.0131), but not vice versa.

Conclusions
The results regarding data from both cohorts consistently supported a bidirectional association between GS and SQ and the mediating role of depression in the dominant pathway of this bidirectional relationship. Older adults with a low GS should be made aware of a potentially vicious cycle related to depression that can affect their sleep. Regular screening for depression may help to break this cycle.
Cognition and Mortality Risk Among Midlife and Older Americans
Authors: Glei Dana A , Mendes de Leon Carlos F , Lee Chioun , Weinstein Maxine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Cognitive impairment is associated with increased mortality rates in late life, but it is unclear whether worse cognition predicts working-age mortality.

Methods
The data come from a U.S. national survey (N = 3 973 aged 32–84 at cognitive testing in 2004–06, mean age 56.6, 56.3% female; N = 3 055 retested in 2013–18 at ages 42–94, mean age 64.6, 56.6% female; mortality follow-up through 2019). We use Cox hazard models to investigate whether cognition is associated with mortality below age 65, how the magnitude of this risk compares with the risk in later life, and whether the association persists after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Worse cognition is associated with mortality, but the demographic-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) diminishes with age from 2.0 per standard deviation (SD; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–2.4) at age 55–1.4 (95% CI, 1.3–1.6) at age 85. In the fully adjusted model, the corresponding HRs are 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2–1.7) and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1–1.4), respectively. The absolute differences in mortality by level of cognition, however, are larger at older ages because mortality is rare at younger ages. The fully adjusted model implies a 2.7 percentage point differential in the estimated percentage dying between ages 55 and 65 for those with low cognition (1 SD below the overall mean, 5.7%) versus high cognition (1 SD above the mean, 3.0%). The corresponding differential between ages 75 and 85 is 8.4 percentage points (24.6% vs 16.2%, respectively).

Conclusions
Cognitive function may be a valuable early warning sign of premature mortality, even at working ages, when dementia is rare.
Amyl acetate: an alternative technique to dry mount Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from alcohol, faster and inexpensively
Authors: Pérez-Benavides A Lucía , Ospina-Peñuela Esau , Gamboa Jean , Duran-Bautista Ervin H 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEthanol (EtOH) 70% is commonly used in collections to preserve and store many unprepared soft-bodied Chalcidoidea. Specimens air-dried directly from alcohol, however, often suffer from collapse of some body parts, making subsequent observation of their morphology difficult or even impossible. We propose an inexpensive method for processing and dry-mounting specimens of Chalcidoidea, using a chemical process including amyl acetate. Four treatments using amyl acetate at different concentrations and exposure times were evaluated for specimens of Eulophidae, Mymaridae, Encyrtidae, Aphelinidae, Pteromalidae, and Trichogrammatidae. Treatment with amyl acetate resulted in specimens of consistently higher quality. Based on our results, treatment of specimens for 1 h with 50:50 amyl acetate and ethanol mixture, followed by treatment for 1 h with 100% amyl acetate, yielded specimens adequate for morphological observations for most of the families. Further experiments are required, however, to optimize this approach for Trichogrammatidae and Eulophidae. This method is a relatively simple, inexpensive, and safe alternative to other methods commonly used for restoring Chalcidoidea preserved in alcohol.
Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acridomorpha) diversity in response to fallow-land use in southern Cameroon with recommendations for land management
Authors: Oumarou Ngoute Charly , Kekeunou Sévilor , Bilong Bilong Charles Félix 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe sensitivity of grasshoppers to disturbance makes them useful bioindicators for land management. The current study compared the grasshopper communities of three fallow-lands at different levels of human pressure: heavily used land (Ongot), moderately used land (Zamakoe), and least-used land (Ngutadjap). Grasshoppers were sampled by nets, pitfall traps, and box quadrats. Their species composition was analyzed using species-richness, abundance, abundance distribution-model, occurrence, and diversity indexes. Species number was not very different between localities. However, the opening up of forests by human activities offers suitable environment for the development or proliferation of the pest grasshopper populations such as Zonocerus variegatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Eyprepocnemis plorans (Charpentier, 1825), and Catantops sylvestrisJago, 1984, which are adapted to the very common Asteraceae found in fallow lands. Native forest species [such as Mazaea granulosa Stål, 1876, Holopercna gerstaeckeri (Bolívar, 1890), Digentia fasciataRamme, 1929] were, generally absent or rare and were collected in only forest/fallow-land ecotones. Low abundance and low occurrence of ecotone species fitted the log-normal abundance distribution model. The grasshopper communities of the less degraded localities were quite similar, but different from the Ongot community. Forest management by reforestation, reduction of slash-and-burn agriculture, and wood cutting, would restore the original grasshopper assemblages and general environmental health.
Hourly activity patterns of the insectivorous bat assemblage in the urban–rural landscape of Lima, Peru
Authors: Rivero-Monteagudo Jorge , Mena José Luis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Circadian rhythms of bats are simultaneously influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors that vary across different landscapes. Since cities modify environmental conditions in which bats forage and roost, their temporal activity can be altered. Based on acoustic surveys, we described hourly activity patterns of eight aerial insectivorous bat species in an urban–rural landscape of Lima, Peru. We also explored whether bats show temporal partitioning at the assemblage level and, for three common species, if activity patterns change between landscape units (urban and rural areas) or moonlight intensity (dark and bright nights). At the assemblage level, bats displayed high temporal overlap, especially in rural areas. At the species level, Mormopterus kalinowskii and Tadarida brasiliensis displayed bimodal patterns at both landscape units, and Promops davisoni showed an almost uniform pattern or bimodal pattern at urban and rural sites, respectively. In rural areas, other bat species exhibited either unimodal patterns (Nyctinomops laticaudatus, N. aurispinosus, N. macrotis, and Tomopeas ravus) or a bimodal pattern (Myotis). Moonlight intensity had little influence on activity periods of most bat species. Our study provides valuable information for sampling designs and future studies on activity patterns focused on coexistence among insectivorous bat species in arid landscapes.