bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Multiple Scattering on the Transmission Spectra and the Polarization Phase Curves for Earth-like Exoplanets
Authors: Singla Manika , Chakrabarty Aritra , Sengupta Sujan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
It is the most appropriate time to characterize the Earth-like exoplanets in order to detect biosignature beyond the Earth because such exoplanets will be the prime targets of big-budget missions like JWST, Roman Space Telescope, HabEx, LUVOIR, Thirty Meter Telescope, Extremely Large Telescope, etc. We provide models for the transmission spectra of Earth-like exoplanets by incorporating the effects of multiple scattering. For this purpose we numerically solve the full multiple-scattering radiative transfer equations instead of using Beer–Bouguer–Lambert’s law, which does not include the diffuse radiation due to scattering. Our models demonstrate that the effect of this diffuse transmission radiation can be observationally significant, especially in the presence of clouds. We also calculate the reflection spectra and polarization phase curves of Earth-like exoplanets by considering both cloud-free and cloudy atmospheres. We solve the 3D vector radiative transfer equations numerically and calculate the phase curves of albedo and disk-integrated polarization by using appropriate scattering phase matrices and integrating the local Stokes vectors over the illuminated part of the disks along the line of sight. We present the effects of the globally averaged surface albedo on the reflection spectra and phase curves as the surface features of such planets are known to significantly dictate the nature of these observational quantities. Synergic observations of the spectra and phase curves will certainly prove to be useful in extracting more information and reducing the degeneracy among the estimated parameters of terrestrial exoplanets. Thus, our models will play a pivotal role in driving future observations.
Center-to-limb Variation of Transition-region Doppler Shifts in Active Regions
Authors: Rajhans Abhishek , Tripathi Durgesh , Kashyap Vinay L. , Klimchuk James A. , Ghosh Avyarthana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Studying Doppler shifts provides deep insights into the flow of mass and energy in the solar atmosphere. We perform a comprehensive measurement of Doppler shifts in the transition region and its center-to-limb variation (CLV) in the strong-field regions (∣
B
∣ ≥ 50 G) of 50 active regions (ARs), using the Si iv 1394 Å line recorded by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer. To locate the ARs and identify strong-field regions, we have used the magnetograms obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). We find that in strong-field regions, on average, all the ARs show a mean redshift ranging between 4 and 11 km s−1, which varies with ARs. These flows show a mild CLV, with sizable magnitudes at the limb and substantial scatter in the mid-longitude range. Our observations do not support the idea that redshifts in the lower transition region (T ≲ 0.1 MK) are produced by field-aligned downflows as a result of impulsive heating and they warrant an alternative interpretation, such as a downflow of type-II spicules in the presence of a chromospheric wall created by cooler type-I spicules.
Coronal Densities, Temperatures, and Abundances during the 2019 Total Solar Eclipse: The Role of Multiwavelength Observations in Coronal Plasma Characterization
Authors: Del Zanna Giulio , Samra Jenna , Monaghan Austin , Madsen Chad , Bryans Paul , DeLuca Edward , Mason Helen , Berkey Ben , de Wijn Alfred , Rivera Yeimy J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer (AIR-Spec) offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range. It has been flown at two total solar eclipses, in 2017 and 2019. The wavelength range of the much-improved instrument on the second flight (2019 July 2) was shifted to cover two density-sensitive lines from S xi. In this paper we study detailed diagnostics for temperature, electron density, and elemental abundances by comparing results from AIR-Spec slit positions above the east and west limbs with those from Hinode/EIS, the PolarCam detector, and SDO/AIA. We find very good agreement in the electron densities obtained from the EIS EUV line ratios, those from the NIR S xi ratio, and those obtained from the polarized brightness PolarCam measurements. Electron densities ranged from log N
e [cm−3] = 8.4 near the limb to 7.2 at R
0 = 1.3. EIS spectra indicate that the temperature distribution above the west limb is near isothermal at around 1.3 MK, while that on the east has an additional higher-T component. The AIR-Spec radiances in Si x and S xi, as well as the AIA data in the 171, 193, and 211 Å bands, are consistent with the EIS results. EIS and AIR-Spec data indicate that the sulfur abundance (relative to silicon) is photospheric in both regions, confirming our previous results of the 2017 eclipse. The AIA data also indicate that the absolute iron abundance is photospheric. Our analysis confirms the importance of the diagnostic potential of the NIR wavelength range and that this important wavelength range can be used reliably and independently to determine coronal plasma parameters.
Hydrodynamical Simulations of Black Hole Binary Formation in AGN Disks
Authors: Li Jiaru , Dempsey Adam M. , Li Hui , Lai Dong , Li Shengtai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study close encounters between two single black holes (BHs) embedded in an AGN disk using a series of global 2D hydrodynamics simulations. We find that when the disk density is sufficiently high, bound BH binaries can be formed by the collision of their circum-single disks. Our analysis demonstrates that, after a BH pair passes the pericenter of their relative trajectory, post-collision gas drag may slow down the BHs, possibly forcing the two BHs to stay tightly bound. A binary formed by a close encounter can have a compact semimajor axis, large eccentricity, and retrograde orbital angular momentum. We provide a fitting formula that can accurately predict whether a close encounter can form a binary based on the gas mass and the incoming energy of the encounter. This fitting formula can be easily implemented in other long-term simulations that study the dynamical evolution of BHs in active galactic nucleus disks.
NEID Reveals That the Young Warm Neptune TOI-2076 b Has a Low Obliquity
Authors: Frazier Robert C. , Stefánsson Gudmundur , Mahadevan Suvrath , Yee Samuel W. , Cañas Caleb I. , Winn Joshua N. , Luhn Jacob , Dai Fei , Doyle Lauren , Cegla Heather , Kanodia Shubham , Robertson Paul , Wisniewski John , Bender Chad F. , Dong Jiayin , Gupta Arvind F. , Halverson Samuel , Hawley Suzanne , Hebb Leslie , Holcomb Rae , Kowalski Adam , Libby-Roberts Jessica , Lin Andrea S. J. , McElwain Michael W. , Ninan Joe P. , Petrovich Cristobal , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Terrien Ryan C. , Wright Jason T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
TOI-2076 b is a sub-Neptune-sized planet (R = 2.39 ± 0.10 R
⊕) that transits a young (204 ± 50 MYr) bright (V = 9.2) K-dwarf hosting a system of three transiting planets. Using spectroscopic observations obtained with the NEID spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope, we model the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect of TOI-2076 b, and derive a sky-projected obliquity of

λ
=
−

3

−
15

+
16
°

. Using the size of the star (R = 0.775 ± 0.015 R
⊙), and the stellar rotation period (P
rot = 7.27 ± 0.23 days), we estimate an obliquity of

ψ
=

18

−
9

+
10
°

(ψ < 34° at 95% confidence), demonstrating that TOI-2076 b is in a well-aligned orbit. Simultaneous diffuser-assisted photometry from the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory rules out flares during the transit. TOI-2076 b joins a small but growing sample of young planets in compact multi-planet systems with well-aligned orbits, and is the fourth planet with an age ≲300 Myr in a multi-transiting system with an obliquity measurement. The low obliquity of TOI-2076 b and the presence of transit timing variations in the system suggest the TOI-2076 system likely formed via convergent disk migration in an initially well-aligned disk.
Records of common species of amphibians and reptiles widespread in northern, central, western and southern Ukraine
Authors: Nekrasova Oksana , Marushchak Oleksii 
Published: February 2023

The dataset includes records of amphibian and reptile species from northern, central, western and southern Ukraine made by Ukrainian herpetologist O. D. Nekrasova during her field trips in the period from 1996 to 2022. Chosen species were not included in the latest published edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009) and in the latest lists of such species prepared in 2019. The species mentioned in this dataset are characterised by wide range within the country, covering more than 70% of its territory according to spatial distribution modelling (GIS-modelling) made with the help of Maxent software.
The dataset highlights records of eight common species of herpetofauna of Ukraine collected by the first author for the last 26 years. Within the period from 1996 to 2022, O. D. Nekrasova collected and studied information and material on the herpetofauna of the northern, central, western and southern parts of Ukraine from a total of 3960 cadastral points (1707 - for three species of reptiles and 2253 - for five species of amphibians). These records, being now available for the international scientific community, will fill the gap in updated records of the mentioned species, being potentially useful for GIS-modelling, distribution modelling, clarification of conservation lists of national and local importance, further assessment of impact of the war on native biota etc.
Les activités de raquette : tout(es) une histoire
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Gomet Doriane , Vaucelle Serge 
Published: February 2023

Résumé : Consacré à la genèse et à l’évolution des sports de raquette, cet article poursuit un double projet : offrir des clés de lecture pour mieux appréhender l’essence de cette famille sportive et identifier les travaux scientifiques qui lui ont été consacrés, afin de dégager des pistes de réflexion. S’appuyant à la fois sur une historiographie des pratiques physiques, une archéologie des jeux de raquette et une fresque chronologique de quatre disciplines sous-tendues par des logiques singulières (tennis, tennis de table, badminton, squash), il montre que la « carte génétique » de ces activités comprend trois principales caractéristiques : leur origine paumière, leur forte proximité avec la culture sportive anglaise et la préservation d’un héritage courtois et mondain. Dès lors, l’analyse des principales productions académiques ou fédérales permet de constater, outre le foisonnement récent de travaux en la matière, un élargissement à de nouvelles activités et une diversification des angles de recherche ou cadres théoriques.
Une démocratisation (in)complète ? Premiers éléments d’une sociologie du tennis « féminin » français
Authors: Fontaine Marine 
Published: February 2023

À partir d’une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de 5 293 joueuses françaises classées, cet article analyse le recrutement social du tennis « féminin » et la diversité des pratiques qui caractérisent les catégories officielles de classement de la Fédération Française de Tennis. Nos résultats montrent que le tennis s’est effectivement ouvert aux membres des classes moyennes et populaires, mais cette démocratisation de la pratique dans les catégories officielles « de loisir » ne doit pas masquer les disparités sociales observées lorsque l’on monte dans la hiérarchie du classement. Les conditions de pratique, de formation et de carrière des tenniswomen demeurent des freins à une pleine démocratisation du tennis. Une démocratisation encore inachevée qui est lourde d’enjeux si l’on considère le fait que, malgré la constante progression des licences « féminines » dans les activités sportives, le taux de féminisation du tennis ne cesse de diminuer (35 % en 2000 ; 29,4 % en 2019).
Penser le mal potentiel de la relation humaine à partir des contes traditionnels
Authors: Hétier Renaud 
Published: February 2023

La relation éducative a beaucoup évolué dans le temps, notamment depuis quelques décennies. La dureté des parents, la méchanceté présumée des enfants, cela semble être tombé en désuétude dans notre modernité avancée. Pourtant, il est bien possible que nous n’en ayons pas fini avec le mal dans la relation humaine, y compris dans les relations de grande proximité, comme la relation parent / enfant. Ce mal ne relève pas forcément d’un passage à l’acte, mais d’une propension à se nourrir de l’autre, voire de le parasiter. La culture peut aider les enfants à sentir, mettre en forme, penser cela. Or, si les contes traditionnels mettent effectivement ce problème du mal au cœur de la relation éducative elle-même, la modernité (dans la littérature de jeunesse, notamment) occulte ce mal, voire le renverse (les figures autrefois menaçantes deviennent elles-mêmes vulnérables, elles sont en demande d’amour et ce sont leurs anciennes victimes (les enfants) qui sont méchantes).
Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation-Based Proteomics for Investigating the Effect of Guasha on Lumbar Disc Herniation in Rats
Authors: Yang Min , Xu Gui-Hua 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The objective of the study is to examine the possible mechanism by which Guasha (scraping therapy) affects the expression profiles of proteins in a lumbar disc herniation (LDH) rat model using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics.

Methods:
Thirty-six rats were used in this study. LDH rats were subjected to noncompressive LDH surgeries. Rats were randomly divided into the model and Guasha groups. Guasha was applied on alternate days for a total of nine times (three courses). At the end of each course, six rats were randomly selected from each group and their blood samples were collected. iTRAQ labeling was used to examine the mechanism of action of Guasha against LDH. The molecular functions, cellular components, and biological processes were analyzed using gene ontology analysis. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis database was used to identify canonical pathways involving these proteins.

Results:
Compared to the model group, 198, 182, and 170 proteins were identified as differentially expressed at the three respective Guasha treatment courses. Pathways, including focal adhesion kinase signaling, acute-phase response signaling, and the LXR/RXR activation pathway, were closely related to the effects of Guasha in LDH rats. Furthermore, Rac1, Orm1, and Hpx were validated by western blotting, and the results were consistent with the protein expression levels observed using the iTRAQ method.

Conclusion:

Guasha could not only regulate the pathological changes related to LDH, but also achieve therapeutic effects by stimulating physiological changes. Our results offer a better understanding of the effects of Guasha on LDH.
Network Pharmacology-Based and Pharmacological Evaluation of the Effects of Curcumae Radix on Cerebral ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhang Shang-Xia , Wang Yu-Hong , Long Hong-Ping , Liu Jian , Zhaoa Hong-Qing , Yi Jian , Ling Jia 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the network pharmacology of curcumae radix (CR, Yujin) and explore the mechanism of CR in the treatment of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI).

Materials and Methods:
Network analysis and pharmacological evaluation were performed to explore the protective role of CR to treat CIRI. The potential target genes of the active components and CIRI were identified using SwissTarget Prediction, Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GeneCards, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Furthermore, network analysis was performed using Cytoscape software. Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were performed using the R software. In vivo experiments were performed using the water extract of CR (WECR) on PC12 cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to simulate ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Results:
The results exhibited that 21 active compounds identified in CR were associated with 73 targets of CIRI. Functional analysis showed that multiple pathways, including response to stress, regulation of apoptotic process, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, were significantly enriched. In addition, STAT3, IL4, HIFIA, and CTNNB1 were predicted to be the most important genes among the 36 hub genes. Furthermore, WECR treatment significantly improved PC12 cell injury and decreased apoptosis levels in cells induced by H/R, with malondialdehyde contents reduced and superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase levels increased.

Conclusions:
Network analysis and pharmacological evaluation of CR could provide valuable directions for further research on CR and improve comprehension of CIRI.
Outcome of perioperative 24-hour infusion of intravenous lignocaine on pain and QoR-15 scores after breast cancer surgery-A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sethi Dhruv , Ramakrishnan Priya , Khurana Gurjeet K. , Arora Anshika 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Despite many analgesic modalities available, postoperative pain management after breast cancer surgery remains a challenge, which translates into poor quality of recovery, if untreated. Intravenous lignocaine with its anti-inflammatory, antihyperalgesic, and analgesic properties could provide a good option for these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous lignocaine on postoperative pain relief and quality of recovery in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer.

Methods:
In this prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomised study, sixty-six patients undergoing breast cancer surgery were assigned 1:1 to placebo or intravenous lignocaine (Group L). Group L received an intravenous 1.5 mg/kg of lignocaine bolus at induction, followed by an intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg/h for 24 hours intravenously, while the control group was given equal volume of normal saline. Pain scores, opioid utilisation, and quality of recovery (QoR-15) at 24 hours and on the day of suture removal were compared.

Results:
Statistically significant reduction was observed in both static (P = 0.01, 6 hours) and dynamic postoperative pain (P = 0.030, 24 hours), with consequential delay in the need for the first dose of opioid (P = 0.014) as well as decreased 24-hour postoperative opioid consumption (P < 0.001) and decreased post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (P < 0.05) in the lignocaine group. Global QoR-15 was significantly better at 24 -hours in group L on postoperative day 1 (P < 0.001), albeit there was no significant difference at suture removal. No lignocaine related side effects were observed.

Conclusion:
Intravenous lignocaine can be safely used as an alternative perioperative non-opioid analgesic for early postoperative pain and recovery.
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Experience, Training, and Anticipated Barriers in Emergency Medicine Providers: A Targeted Needs Assessment
Authors: Loke Dana Elizabeth , Dastoor Jehannaz D. , Fant Abra L. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
This study was a targeted needs assessment gauging emergency medicine provider training and experience in critical incident stress debriefing (CISD), comfort leading and barriers to real-time CISD, and perceived benefits from CISD training.

Methods:
An electronic survey was administered to 113 emergency medicine providers including residents, advanced practice providers, and attending/fellow physicians. Survey questions included demographic information, indication of prior participation and leading CISD, comfort level in leading CISD, and perceived benefits from CISD training. We used a combination of “yes/no/I do not know” and Likert scale responses. We also used short answers for comments on barriers to real-time CISD. Findings were determined using analysis of variance analyses with statistical significance defined at P < 0.05.

Results:
Survey response rate was 61.9%. Only 48.5% had participated in CISD. Although 24.3% had led CISD, only 18.6% had prior training. Respondents did not feel comfortable leading CISD, although attending physicians felt most comfortable (P < 0.001). Respondents felt they would benefit from and participate in training if offered. Commonly reported barriers to real-time debriefing were lack of time and preoccupation with other patient care.

Conclusions:
Our targeted needs assessment demonstrated a lack of CISD training in emergency medicine providers and discomfort leading CISD. Respondents did perceive training as beneficial and would participate if offered.
Cardioembolic stroke, the most common subtype of stroke in COVID 19: A single center experience from Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Tajmirriahi Marzieh , Esfahani Maryam Masjedi , Amouaghaei Zahra , Mansori Nahid , Miralaei Pantea , Lalehzar Sahar Sadat , Shirani Peiman , Saadatnia Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Some studies showed the cerebrovascular manifestation in patients with recently pandemic coronavirus 2 named the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are rare reports about stroke subtypes in these patients. Here, we reported the stroke subtype in patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and treated at our hospitals, which are located in Isfahan, Iran.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective, observational case series. Data were collected from March 01, 2020, to May 20, 2020, at three designated special care centers for COVID-19 of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The study included 1188 consecutive hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.

Results:
Of 1188 COVID-19 patients, 7 (0.5%) patients developed stroke. Five (0.4%) had ischemic arterial stroke, 1 (0.08%) hemorrhagic stroke and 1(0.08 %) cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. Sixty percent of ischemic stroke were cardioembolic stroke (CE) and the rest 2 (40%) were embolic stroke of undetermined source. Three male patients (40%) had stroke as a presenting and admitted symptom of COVID-19. Four patients (57%) had severe COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Stroke was an uncommon manifestation in COVID-19 patients. CE was a common subtype of stroke in COVID-19 patients in our centers.
Association of the Toll-like receptor 4 and NOX4 gene and protein levels in asthmatic patients with metabolic syndrome: A case–control study
Authors: Ghoushouni Sevda , Sharifi Akbar , Zafari Venus , Zarredar Habib , Seyedrezazadeh Ensiyeh 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Understanding the contributing of influence inflammatory biomarkers in asthmatic patients with metabolic syndrome is more important. Whereby, the present study considering the important association of NADPH oxidase4 (NOX4) and Toll- like receptor4 (TLR4) in the respiratory inflammatory responses in asthmatic patients with metabolic syndrome (AS-MetS) and asthmatic (AS) patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this case-control study, 30 AS and 34 AS-MetS patients were enrolled. The Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and NOX4 were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Then their correlation was evaluated.

Results:
The significant down-regulation of mRNA and protein PBMCs expression levels of TLR4 were observed in the AS-MetS group in comparison to AS one (P=0.03), but the NOX4 expression was non-significant. Additionally, the significant correlation was exhibited between mRNA expression levels of NOX4 and TLR4 in both AS-MetS (r= 0.440, P=0.009) and AS groups (r=0.909, P=0.0001). The association between TLR4 mRNA level and triglyceride in AS-MetS group (r=0.454, P=0.008,) and also white blood cells (WBC) in AS group (r= -0.507, P=0.006,) were significant.

Conclusion:
The metabolic syndrome can significantly influence the expressions of TLR4 in AS-MetS. This study indicated that TLR4 and NOX4 altogether may provide valuable molecular knowledge of their relation with metabolic syndrome criteria for finding major pathways in different phenotype of asthma.