bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐existing sleep problems as a predictor of post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19
Authors: Schilling Claudia , Nieters Alexandra , Schredl Michael , Peter Raphael S. , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Brockmann Stefan O. , Göpel Siri , Kindle Gerhard , Merle Uta , Steinacker Jürgen M. , Kern Winfried ,   the Epidemiology of Long COVID (EPILOC) Phase I study group
Published: May 2023

SummarySeveral months after COVID‐19 many individuals still report persisting symptoms, the so‐called ‘post‐COVID‐19 syndrome’. An immunological dysfunction is one of the main pathophysiological hypotheses. As sleep is central to the functioning of the immune system, we investigated whether self‐reported pre‐existing sleep disturbance might be an independent risk factor for the development of post‐COVID‐19 syndrome. A total of 11,710 participants of a cross‐sectional survey (all tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2) were classified into probable post‐COVID‐19 syndrome, an intermediate group, and unaffected participants at an average of 8.5 months after infection. The case definition was based on newly occurring symptoms of at least moderate severity and ≥20% reduction in health status and/or working capacity. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to investigate the association between pre‐existing sleep disturbances and subsequent development of post‐COVID‐19 syndrome while controlling for a variety of demographic, lifestyle, and health factors. Pre‐existing sleep disturbances were found to be an independent predictor of subsequent probable post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (adjusted odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 2.27–3.24). Sleep disturbances as part of the post‐COVID‐19 syndrome were reported by more than half of the participants and appeared to be a new symptom and to occur independent of a mood disorder in most cases. Recognition of disturbed sleep as an important risk factor for post‐COVID‐19 syndrome should promote improved clinical management of sleep disorders in the context of COVID‐19. Further, it may stimulate further research on the effect of improving sleep on the prognosis of COVID‐19 long‐term sequelae and other post‐viral conditions.
Photochemical processes in surface water bodies and their potential impacts on the chemical composition of water: A review
Authors: Linnik Peter , Osadchyi Volodymyr , Osadcha Natalia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study is a review of photochemical processes that occur in surface water bodies and which can affect the chemical composition of water. It is expected that water bodies with a slow rate of water exchange, including lakes, reservoirs, estuaries and ponds with significant areas of shallow water will be most vulnerable to the impacts of these processes. It involves natural organic compounds and xenobiotics of organic origin that enter water bodies from anthropogenic sources or are formed in water bodies because of the development of cyanobacteria and other algae species. Photodegradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) occurs as a result of both direct photolysis and photosensitized cleavage involving inorganic and organic compounds, which are characterized by chromophore properties, such as humic substances. Photolysis is accompanied by the transformation of high molecular weight organic compounds into lower molecular weight compounds that can become bioavailable to, and promote the development of, microorganisms. Photodegradation results in bioavailable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus being released into the water column. Accordingly, the present study presents the results of analysis of the photochemical destruction of humic substances, such as the most widespread group of the surface water body DOM under the influence of artificial UV irradiation and solar radiation. The results provide data on the products of humic substances photolysis, as well as the influence of the latter on the destruction of a number of organic substances, including xenobiotics (herbicides, pesticides, etc.). Photolysis of algotoxins, which are mainly concentrated in the water of highly trophic reservoirs and lakes during the period of water “blooming,” is among the main concerns being addressed, noting photochemical destruction of these dangerous toxicants can be considered an important means of removing them from drinking water. Also emphasized is that photochemical processes in surface water will likely intensify in the future amid the recent climate changes, also affecting the chemical composition of water.
Adaptability and Grit: Foundations for Their Joint Contribution to Students' Academic and Nonacademic Outcomes
Authors: Feraco Tommaso , Casali Nicole , Meneghetti Chiara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdaptability (adjustment to new and uncertain situations) and grit (perseverance and passion for long‐term goals) both sustain students, but their joint contribution has never been explored, and recent studies propose they could compose a single factor. In this study we aim to test whether (i) they actually belong to a single overarching factor as recently posited by the Triarchic Model of Grit and (ii) they have specific effects on different outcomes. We show that, in a sample of 602 students (11–18 years old), perseverance of effort, consistency of interests (the two facets of grit), and adaptability are distinct factors, that uniquely contribute to the outcomes considered (academic self‐efficacy, achievement emotions, learning goals, self‐regulated learning, achievement, and life satisfaction). Perseverance resulted as the strongest predictor, followed by adaptability and consistency. Conscientiousness was positively related to all three. We conclude that adaptability and grit are two separate but correlated factors that can promote a host of positive outcomes.
Management of temporomandibular joint arthritis in children and adolescents: An introduction for orthodontists
Authors: Rongo Roberto , Michelotti Ambrosina , Pedersen Thomas Klit , Resnick Cory M. , Stoustrup Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease of childhood. JIA can affect any joint and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the joints most frequently involved. TMJ arthritis impacts mandibular growth and development and can result in skeletal deformity (convex profile and facial asymmetry), and malocclusion. Furthermore, when TMJs are affected, patients may present with pain at joint and masticatory muscles and dysfunction with crepitus and limited jaw movement. This review aims to describe the role of orthodontists in the management of patients with JIA and TMJ involvement. This article is an overview of evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with JIA and TMJ involvement. Screening for the orofacial manifestation of JIA is important for orthodontists to identify TMJ involvement and related dentofacial deformity. The treatment protocol of JIA with TMJ involvement requires an interdisciplinary collaboration including orthopaedic/orthodontic treatment and surgical interventions for the management of growth disturbances. Orthodontists are also involved in the management of orofacial signs and symptoms; behavioural therapy, physiotherapy and occlusal splints are the suggested treatments. Patients with TMJ arthritis require specific expertise from an interdisciplinary team with members knowledgeable in JIA care. Since disorders of mandibular growth often appear during childhood, the orthodontist could be the first clinician to see the patient and can play a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of JIA patients with TMJ involvement.
Utilising a visual image quality metric to optimise spectacle prescriptions for eyes with keratoconus
Authors: Bell Elizabeth L. S. , Hastings Gareth D. , Nguyen Lan Chi , Applegate Raymond A. , Marsack Jason D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare optical performance, visual performance, and patient‐perceived quality of vision with: (1) spectacles determined using subjective refraction and (2) spectacles determined using an objective optimisation method based on wavefront aberration data for eyes with keratoconus.MethodsThirty‐seven eyes (20 subjects) with keratoconus underwent both subjective refraction and uncorrected wavefront aberration measurement. Wavefront aberration data were used to objectively identify a sphero‐cylindrical refraction that optimised the visual image quality metric visual Strehl ratio (VSX). The two refractions were assembled in trial frames and worn by the subject in a random order. High‐contrast visual acuity (VA), letter contrast sensitivity (CS), and the patient's short‐term subjective preference were recorded for each prescription.ResultsMedian magnitude of the dioptric difference (a measure of similarity between the subjective and objective refractions) was 2.77 D (range = 0.21–20.44 D, first quartile = 1.02 D, third quartile = 4.36 D). Sixty‐eight per cent of eyes had better VA with the objective refraction and 32% of eyes gained more than one line of VA. Monocularly, objective refraction was preferred 68% of the time when looking at a distant acuity chart and 76% of the time when viewing a real‐world dynamic scene.ConclusionsObjective refraction based on visual image quality derived from wavefront aberration data can be valuable in the determination of monocular spectacle refractions for individuals with keratoconus.
Prediction of risk factors for scrub typhus from 2006 to 2019 based on random forest model in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Huang Xiaobin , Xie Binbin , Long Jiali , Chen Haiyan , Zhang Hao , Fan Lirui , Chen Shouyi , Chen Kuncai , Wei Yuehong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesScrub typhus is an increasingly serious public health problem, which is becoming the most common vector‐borne disease in Guangzhou. This study aimed to analyse the correlation between scrub typhus incidence and potential factors and rank the importance of influential factors.MethodsWe collected monthly scrub typhus cases, meteorological variables, rodent density (RD), Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and land use type in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2019. Correlation analysis and a random forest model were used to identify the risk factors for scrub typhus and predict the importance rank of influencing factors related to scrub typhus incidence.ResultsThe epidemiological results of the scrub typhus cases in Guangzhou between 2006 and 2019 showed that the incidence rate was on the rise. The results of correlation analysis revealed that a positive relationship between scrub typhus incidence and meteorological factors of mean temperature (Tmean), accumulative rainfall (RF), relative humidity (RH), sunshine hours (SH), and NDVI, RD, population density, and green land coverage area (all p < 0.001). Additionally, we tested the relationship between the incidence of scrub typhus and the lagging meteorological factors through cross‐correlation function, and found that incidence was positively correlated with 1‐month lag Tmean, 2‐month lag RF, 2‐month lag RH, and 6‐month lag SH (all p < 0.001). Based on the random forest model, we found that the Tmean was the most important predictor among the influential factors, followed by NDVI.ConclusionsMeteorological factors, NDVI, RD, and land use type jointly affect the incidence of scrub typhus in Guangzhou. Our results provide a better understanding of the influential factors correlated with scrub typus, which can improve our capacity for biological monitoring and help public health authorities to formulate disease control strategies.
Incorporated cover crop residue suppresses weed seed germination
Authors: McKenzie‐Gopsill Andrew , Farooque Aitazaz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCover crops have been shown to be important integrated weed management tools. In addition to directly competing with weeds, cover crops can provide weed suppressive effects following incorporation through release of allelopathic compounds and/or changes to nutrient availability. Incorporation of a cover crop mixture may provide a synergistic or antagonistic effect on weed suppression by further altering nutrient dynamics. To investigate this phenomenon, we evaluated the suppressive effects following incorporation of annual ryegrass, buckwheat, brown mustard, and phacelia sown with and without field pea on germination and growth of several pernicious weed species. Further, we used the additive partitioning model to determine if pea synergistically improved biomass production and weed suppression of cover crops. Our results demonstrate that following incorporation, cover crop residues suppress weed germination and weed biomass production. According to the additive partitioning model, the addition of pea had an antagonistic effect on buckwheat and brown mustard biomass production and decreased buckwheat weed suppression by 8%. In contrast, the addition of field pea greatly enhanced biomass production of phacelia at a reduced seeding rate suggesting a positive biodiversity effect. Limited evidence was found for changes to nutrient availability following cover crop incorporation, however, a dose‐dependent effect of cover crop residue on weed suppression suggests allelopathy and/or nutrient availability may have a role on weed seed germination success. Together, our results support the use of incorporated cover crop residues as an integrated weed management tool.
Ultrasound features combined with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for prediction of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Jia Yingying , Zhou Xin , Zhu Yangyang , Song Xuewen , Duan Ying , Chen Kundi , Nie Fang 
Published: May 2023

Aim: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) plays an important role in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. The early identification of patients who can truly benefit from preoperative NAC is crucial in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the ultrasound features and clinical characteristics combined with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL) levels can improve the performance of predicting NAC efficacy in breast cancer patients.Material and methods: In this retrospective study, 202 invasive breast cancer patients who underwent NAC followed by surgery were included. The baseline ultrasound features were reviewed by two radiologists. Miller-Payne Grading (MPG) was used to assess pathological response, and MPG 4-5 was defined as major histologic responders (MHR). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent predictors for MHR and build the prediction models. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of the models.Results: Of the 202 patients, 104 patients achieved MHR and 98 patients achieved non-MHR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the US size (p=0.042), molecular subtypes (p=0.001), TIL levels (p<0.001), shape (p=0.030), and posterior features (p=0.018) were independent predictors for MHR. The model combined the US features, clinical characteristics, and TIL levels had a better performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.811, a sensitivity of 0.663, and a specificity of 0.847.Conclusion: The model combined US features, clinical characteristics, and TIL levels had a better performance in predicting pathological response to NAC in breast cancer
Roadside geology and mining history of the Bodie and Aurora districts, Mono County, California, and Mineral County, Nevada
Authors: Wilkerson Gregg , Vredenburgh Larry 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
This field trip explores the geology and mining history of the Bodie Hills with a focus on the Bodie and Aurora mining districts. The field trip starts and ends in Bridgeport, California. Our first geologic stop is at Travertine Hot Springs, which provides an analogy for the style of mineralization observed in the Bodie and Aurora districts. We then proceed south on Highway 395 to the Bodie exit at Highway 270. At this location on Highway 395 is the placer camp of Dogtown with outcrops of till from the Sherwin glaciation. A side trip up Cinnabar Canyon exposes rocks with veinlets of cinnabar and silicic alteration. From here, we travel through several different components of different stratovolcanoes and arrive at the preserved ghost town of Bodie. Bodie Bluff and Standard Hill contain most of the mine workings for the Bodie district. At Bodie we discuss different interpretations of volcanic history and stratigraphy and learn about the U.S. Bureau of Land Management’s 1997 economic appraisal of the mineralization there: 69.8 million tons of ore averaging 0.4 oz/ton Au. Leaving Bodie, we pass through a placer field where William Bodie made his discovery of the mine and the district that bears his name. And then we move through the Bodie volcanics to those volcanic rocks associated with Aurora. On the way to Aurora, we will see the stage stop site of Del Monte. At Aurora, we view the active open pit mining operation and compare this district with Bodie and others in the Bodie Hills. Both Bodie and Aurora were classified as principal gold deposits of the United States.
Cane Pretreatment by Deep Eutectic Solvents to Increase its Reactivity During Enzymatic Hydrolysis with Cellulases
Authors: Semenova M. V. , Vasil’eva I. S. , Yaropolov A. I. , Sinitsyn A. P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cane was pretreated with a number of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride (ChCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor. Among hydrogen bond donors, lactic (LA) and oxalic (OA) acids were the most effective. Substrate pretreatment conditions (ratio of DES-components, temperature and exposure time) were optimized, which resulted in the highest yield of reducing sugars (RS) and glucose during subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase preparation based on Penicillium verruculosum. It was established that in the case of a mixture of ChCl with LA (the molar ratio of components was 1 : 5) pretreatment should be carried out at 80°C for 24 hours, and in the case of a mixture of ChCl with OA (1 : 1), optimal conditions were 80°C and 6 hours. The degree of conversion of the pretreated substrate after 48 hours of hydrolysis in the presence of the enzyme preparation (EP) B537 was 80 and 86% by absolutely dry substances for selected mixtures of ChCl/LA and ChCl/OA, respectively.
Space–Time Structures in the Auroral Oval: Approaches to Modeling
Authors: Kozelov B. V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The interaction of the magnetospheric–ionospheric (MI) system surrounding the Earth with the environment (solar wind) occurs in the form of a series of transient processes at different scales. The largest of them, magnetic storms, are obviously triggered by disturbances in the solar wind (direct driving). The role of the internal dynamics of the MI system, which is caused to a large extent by the nonlinearity and temporal delays of the loading–unloading processes of energy and particle from the solar wind into the magnetosphere, becomes more significant at smaller scales (substorms, pseudobreakups, injections, and activations). A typical dynamic state of the MI system is characterized as self-organized criticality or turbulence, which are characterized by statistical scale invariance (scaling) in the fluctuation distributions of many characteristics. The dynamics of the MI system is projected into the region of the auroral oval, the very existence of which is due to this dynamics. The space–time structure of auroral disturbances largely reflects the structure of processes in the MI plasma. The description of this structure is important both for studying the fundamental study of plasma processes and for many topical applied problems related to the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere and vital activity at high latitudes. The paper discusses approaches and developments for constructing a model of the space–time structure of the auroral oval, based on fractal and multifractal characteristics.
Anticipating artificial intelligence in mammography screening: views of Swedish breast radiologists
Authors: Högberg Charlotte , Larsson Stefan , Lång Kristina 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly tested and integrated into breast cancer screening. Still, there are unresolved issues regarding its possible ethical, social and legal impacts. Furthermore, the perspectives of different actors are lacking. This study investigates the views of breast radiologists on AI-supported mammography screening, with a focus on attitudes, perceived benefits and risks, accountability of AI use, and potential impact on the profession.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of Swedish breast radiologists. As early adopter of breast cancer screening, and digital technologies, Sweden is a particularly interesting case to study. The survey had different themes, including: attitudes and responsibilities pertaining to AI, and AI’s impact on the profession. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation analyses. Free texts and comments were analysed using an inductive approach.ResultsOverall, respondents (47/105, response rate 44.8%) were highly experienced in breast imaging and had a mixed knowledge of AI. A majority (n=38, 80.8%) were positive/somewhat positive towards integrating AI in mammography screening. Still, many considered there to be potential risks to a high/somewhat high degree (n=16, 34.1%) or were uncertain (n=16, 34.0%). Several important uncertainties were identified, such as defining liable actor(s) when AI is integrated into medical decision-making.ConclusionsSwedish breast radiologists are largely positive towards integrating AI in mammography screening, but there are significant uncertainties that need to be addressed, especially regarding risks and responsibilities. The results stress the importance of understanding actor-specific and context-specific challenges to responsible implementation of AI in healthcare.
Adherence to ‘5-2-1-0’ guidelines and multiple risky behaviours among adolescents in nine sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from Global School-based Student Health Survey 2012–2017
Authors: Hoogstoel Fanny , Samadoulougou Sékou , Diouf Adama , Savoye Isabelle , Donnen Philippe , Van der Heyden Johan , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveOverweight and obesity constitute a new challenge in low-income and middle-countries. The obesity prevention programme, called ‘5-2-1-0’, promotes healthy eating habits, physical activity and limited screen time among young people.This study aimed to assess adherence to the ‘5-2-1-0’ recommendations and to study multiple risky behaviours among adolescents in nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsMeta-analyses with a random effect were used to calculate overall prevalence. Non-random patterns of the co-occurrence of the four risky behaviours were explored using observed/expected prevalence ratios. Data came from the Global School-based Health Survey and 18 314 adolescents were considered.ResultsAmong the participants, 12.7% (95% CI 7.5% to 19.0%) had overweight and 3.2% (95% CI 1.1% to 6.1%) had obesity. In almost all countries studied, girls were more affected by overweight and obesity than boys.While only 0.2% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.4%) of the adolescents fully complied with the recommendations, 4.8% (95% CI 3.1% to 6.9%), 28.4% (95% CI 22.4% to 34.8%), 43.8% (95% CI 41.9% to 45.8%) and 17.0% (95% CI 11.8% to 23.0%), respectively, combined 1, 2, 3 and 4 risky behaviours among the four ‘5-2-1-0’ criteria. The most observed combination was found for co-occurrence of three risky behaviours: insufficient fruit/vegetables consumption, physical activity and non-zero consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.ConclusionIn conclusion, the insufficient adherence to ‘5-2-1-0’ recommendations and the high prevalence of the co-occurrence of risky behaviours underscore the need to strengthen health interventions and programmes to prevent obesity among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.