bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostics of the Deformation Resistance of the Track Bed in the Inter -Station Section Palárikovo - Nové Zámky - Track No. 1
Authors: Ižvolt Libor , Dobeš Peter , Mečár Martin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The fundamental pillars of the emerging European integrated railway area include improving the safety of rail transport and the quality parameters of railway lines and ensuring their interoperability. As rail transport is one of the safest transport systems and the most environmentally friendly, the Slovak Railways (ŽSR) have developed strategic and investment plans to increase the competitiveness of rail transport in relation to other modes of transport. The current modernisation or reconstruction in the territory of the Slovak Republic focuses on the main railway lines that are part of significant European corridors (AGC, AGTC, TEN-T corridors). The inter-station section Palárikovo - Nové Zámky, the subject of the article, is a part of the European corridor No. IV, connecting Dresden with Arad and leading through the territory of the Slovak Republic. In this context, the article presents the analysis of the values of deformation characteristics on the reconstructed inter-station section Palárikovo - Nové Zámky, obtained verifying the quality of the implemented individual structural layers of the track bed.
Structural Behaviour of Voided Flat Slab With Various Void Ratios Under Vertical Loading
Authors: Lakshmi Kanth L. , Poluraju P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In recent modern buildings, voided slabs have been implemented because of the high reduction of their weight up to 35 %. Also, CO2 emission takes place which was developed from mass concrete. Due to percentage reduction of concrete, it leads to help the pollution free environment, eco-friendly and also more sustainable. On voided flat slabs, a minimal study has been recorded. In this current study, an approach has been made to study the effect of the position of voids in the voided flat slabs. Two groups of seven specimens each, one slab in each group was a controlled flat slab specimen with zero number of voids kept as a reference specimen, while the others were voided slabs. In each group, the number of voids were used based on the positions. The designation of the specimens is made depending on the number of voids placed and the diameter of the rebar used in the specimens. Group-A was reinforced with 8 mm diameter rebars, and Group-B was reinforced with 6 mm diameter rebars. The parameters of the study are the void positions and the rebar diameter. The specimens were subjected to a gradually concentrated load through the short column up to failure. The load carrying capacity of both voided and controlled flat slabs tested have almost same. It indicates that, the inactive concrete below the neutral axis where high density polyethylene (HDPE) recycled hollow spheres have been provided in the flat slab has shown no impact on load carrying capacity of the test specimens. However, the presence of the punching shear can be seen in the specimens where the voids are positioned near the columns and supports. Besides, ABAQUS program (A finite element based software) was used to perform the finite element analysis for profoundly illustrating the experimental findings and performing a parametric study. It is concluded that the concrete has no role at below the neutral axis of structural voided flat slab cross-section for all specimens including controlled specimens (0VS6, 0VS8). Also, it is noticed that the finite element analysis obtained results have shown more or less same as experimental results. From the present study, it is evident that behaviour of voided flat slabs are different from simply supported voided flat slabs.
Testing the Properties of Cement and Gypsum Boards Reinforced with Nonwoven Fabrics Made of Waste and Recycled Fibres
Authors: Brachaczek Wacław , Chleboś Adam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The article attempts to assess the possibility of using non-woven fabrics made of waste fibers in cladding panels. For this purpose, woolen and polypropylene nonwovens were tested for mass per unit area, characteristic opening size, and lengthwise and crosswise elongation at maximum strength. Non-woven fabrics were placed in the middle of the thickness of cement and gypsum boards and subjected to tests of density, thermal conductivity coefficient λ, and bending strength. The influence of individual nonwoven fabrics with different properties on the properties of the finished composite was determined. It was found that wool nonwoven fabrics had the best effect on the thermal conductivity coefficient. A better affinity for nonwoven fabrics was shown by gypsum mortar. The best influence on the bending strength of the panels had polyester non-woven fabrics with the lowest mass per unit area and the largest characteristic opening size.
Retaining Wall - Parametric Study of the Method of Reinforcement
Authors: Koleňák Matúš , Slávik Ivan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe highway section on the D3 highway Hričovské Podhradie – Žilina – Strážov was carried out on the left branch of the highway body on the overpass and on the right branch on the embankment body. The stability of the embankment body was ensured by a geosynthetics reinforced retaining wall. The retaining wall was assembled from reinforced concrete prefabs, on which the uniaxial geogrids were attached. The article presents a numerical analysis of the deformations of this reinforced structure in the profile monitored by geotechnical monitoring. The results of the numerical analysis of the deformations of the retaining wall were confronted with geotechnical monitoring measurements. Geotechnical monitoring measurements confirmed the reality of the numerical model of the retaining wall. Verification of the reality of the numerical model of the retaining wall made it possible to use this model for a parametric study of the influence of the reinforcement method on the deformation of the face of the reinforced retaining wall. In the parametric study, the effects of the change in the horizontal length and vertical spacing of the reinforcement elements, as well as their interaction with the backfill soil on the deformation values of the face of the retaining wall are analyzed.
Assessing the Size-Structured Stock of the Swimming Crab Callinectes amnicola (Crustacea: Portunidae) in the Cross River, Nigeria
Authors: Ameh Samuel , Isah Muhammed , Ayim Elvis , Ifon Honor 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An important aspect of the size-structured stock is the assumption that individuals progress from one size class to another after a certain time. In this study, a total of 2581 monthly samples of the swimming crab Callinectes amnicola were collected from the landings of the artisanal crab fishery in the Cross River, Nigeria over a period of 13 months, from January 2021 to January 2022. Crabs ranged in length from 6.5 cm to 15.5 cm, with most crabs caught during the dry season. The fewest crabs (n=23) were caught in August 2021, and the most (n=662) were caught in January 2021. Because moulting and other physiological obstacles make it difficult to determine crab age, length frequency data were used instead. Swimming crab assessment was based on some basic growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function and the Beverton and Holt growth model. The results showed that the asymptotic length and growth rate were 16.28 cm and 0.940 per year, respectively. The best growth index was estimated to be 2.40, while longevity and mortality were 3.19 years and 3.46 per year, respectively. The calculated exploitation rate of 0.41 was below the guideline of 0.5 and the maximum yield per recruit of 0.421, confirming an underfished stock. Sustainable exploitation of the Cross River swimming crab was recommended by reducing efforts on already exploited fishery resources.
First Report of Fishkill Incidence in Bonny-Andoni Coastal Area, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuka Azubuike Victor 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A fish kill is characterised by the death of a large number of fish in a given area within a short period of time. This is an indicator that water quality and ecosystem conditions in general have deteriorated. Remote sensing data from the MODIS instrument on the Aqua and Merra-2 satellites were accessed from 18 to 22 March 2020, a period that spans before and after the fish kill was reported. Analysis of the remote sensing data shows that the fish kill was preceded by strong winds, i.e. major and sustained wind events. The maps of sea surface temperatures prior to the fish kill show that high-temperature water masses flowed from the equator toward the Bonny-Andoni coast. The dates of occurrence of the high-temperature surface water masses and high wind events around the Bonny-Andoni coastal area were consistent with the location and timing of the fish kill, as indicated by community reports. We hypothesise that the low-oxygen, high-temperature surface water masses passing from the equator on the windward side of the coast may have encountered migrating croakers and trapped an entire school of this benthopelagic fish species, causing acute respiratory distress. The results and hypothesis confirm local reports of gasping fish about 2 nautical miles off the Bonny-Andoni coast. This study confirms the relationship between wind patterns, temperature, and fish kills, providing the first empirical account of probable causes. Because fish kills occur episodically and often leave no trace, this report and future analyses of remote sensing data may be the best way to elucidate this event.
A Study on Migration in Sudan Using Geographic Information Systems Technology
Authors: Abd Elrahman Sahar I. M. , Ataalmanan I. M. I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Migration between countries is not a fresh problem; it has occurred since the dawn of time, but little research has been conducted on it, particularly by employing effective technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS). As a result, the purpose of this paper was to investigate the migration of Sudanese to other countries and vice versa, as well as the migration of students of higher education from Sudan to other countries. To study all this, the ArcGIS 10.8 program was used, and in it inserted and created all the relevant data from shapefiles and attribute data. The Add XY Coordinates, XY To Line, and Time Slider tools were also used. Migration lines showing migration from and to Sudan in 2015 were drawn based on the nine most prominent countries for each, and a video of an interactive time map illustrating students’ migration to fifteen foreign countries from 1998 to 2015 was created. Graphs that show the relationship between countries and the number of immigrants were also created, and they are considered a good means of comprehension even by non-geographic information systems specialists.
A Comparative Study: Effects of Fineness of Cement on Consistency and Compressive Strength of Different Branded Cement in Pakistan
Authors: Adil Sultan M. , Jawad M. , Muzffar Iqbal M. , Imran Ghafoor Dr. , Farooq U. , Din Salah Ud , Mushtaq A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cement is one of the key components of concrete, and the qualities of a particular type of cement will affect the attributes of concrete made with that cement. The influence of variations in cement brand attributes that are available in Pakistan is examined in this study. Poor cement choice may affect how long a concrete building project will last. Fineness, cement consistency, concrete compressive strength, and mortar cube strength all grow with cement fineness since they all have a positive relationship with each other. This study aimed to investigate a few particular mechanical and physical characteristics of eight cement brands used in Punjab, Pakistan. The brands of cement that were compared were Kohat, Askari, Bestway, Paidaar, DG, Pioneer, Flying, and Fauji cement. The testing was carried out in a lab and according to ASTM guidelines. In contrast, Kohat had 5.17%, Askari had 8.67%, Bestway had 3%, DG had 2.67, Flying had 9.67, and Fauji cement had 6.33%, with only Paidaar above the allowed limits. Kohat and Paidaar cement's typical consistency was 30%, DG cement was 26%, and Bestway cement was 26%; all of them fell within the range of (26%- 33%). The 28-day compressive strength test results for DG cement and Bestway cement were 7787.74 Psi and 7225.17 Psi, respectively. The strength of Pioneer and Flying cement was found to be lower than that of other cement brands. Except for DG and Bestway cement, all eight brands of cement are used for all structural elements. Bestway cement is much superior for high-rise structures and heavy structural members. Consequently, by comparing the trace element concentration of various brands of Portland cement in Pakistan, the study evaluates the impact of trace element content on cement quality and concrete strength.
Experimental Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Based on Glass-Powder
Authors: Boucheneb Y. , Mehaddene R. , Kemer H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Annually, there is an enormous amount of glass waste created worldwide, yet only a small portion of that material is recycled. Recovering waste glass (WG) in concrete demonstrates excellent progress in lowering the amount of glass. Researchers have found that adding waste glass to concrete improves its qualities; WG can be utilized as powder, fine as well as coarse aggregate. However, the question that arises is how this powder added to concrete improves, or at least maintains, the mechanical properties of the concrete despite the reduction in the cement quantity. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the behavior of concrete with the addition of glass powder. For this purpose, a control concrete and concretes were prepared with 10%, 15% and 20% of the cement content of the glass powder, based on the same concrete formulation and by varying the W/C ratio. In the hardened state, the addition of glass powder up to 20% of the cement content, generated an increase in compressive strength at 28 days; this increase is caused by the reaction between the glass powder and the lime released during the hydration of Portland cement and creates a binder called hydrated calcium silicate (S-C-H) (pozzolanic reaction). The latter plays an important role in increasing the strength of concrete, and since the fineness of the glass powder is similar to that of cement, it has a role of filling, and accelerates the pozzolanic reaction. For an addition of 20% to 30% of pozzolan, theoretically we could react all the lime produced by the hydration of Portland cement. Therefore, beyond 25% or 30% of the glass powder, the strength is affected, which has been confirmed by many researchers. Finally, it can be concluded that the use of glass powder in concrete improves its mechanical behavior compared to ordinary condition, but with a limited percentage of 20% of the cement content.
Strength (Compressive) of Concrete Made by Recyclable Concrete Aggregates after Six Hour Fire by Nondestructive Testing
Authors: Buller A.H. , Husain Nadiah Md. , Ali I. , Sohu S. , Memon B.A. , Sodhar Irum Naz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Quality of concrete is mainly measured by evaluating its strength. Destructive testing of concrete specimens is used for the purpose. An alternative to it is the non-destructive testing. This research work presents non-destructive testing of concrete cylinders made by using partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates with old concrete as coarse aggregates and exposed to 6-hour fire at 1000ºC. Rebound hammer is used in this work to evaluate concrete strength. 240 concrete cylinders are cast using 1:2:4 mix and 0.54 water cement ratio. After 28-days curing half of the cylinders are exposed to fire in purpose made oven. Remaining 50% aggregates are used as control specimen to compare the results. After rebound hammer testing, all the cylinders are tested for compressive strength using universal testing machine. Comparison of the results shows the reliability of non-destructive testing and effectiveness of the rebound hammer technique as the difference between NDT and UTM results is maximum up to 4.7%.
Thermal Effect on the Design Loads of Multi-Storey RC Buildings on Sloped Terrain in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Laissy M. Y. , Alluqmani A. E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This research investigates the impact of thermal loads on reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Saudi Arabia and how they behave on sloped terrain. The study analyzed the effects of different types of support systems (hinged and fixed supports) and strengthening systems (with and without bracings) using the software ETABS-V20. Ground + 9 typical floors frame RC models on sloped terrain subjected to seismic loads were used for the investigation. The dynamic analysis of the ETABS models was performed to evaluate the lateral displacement, storey drift, column shear forces, and base shear forces of the buildings. The study found that using a bracing system and fixed supports under seismic loads increases the model’s displacement and storey drift compared to models with hinged supports and no bracing system. The maximum shear forces values were also higher for models with bracing systems and fixed supports, while the minimum values were for models without bracing systems and with hinged supports.
Pedestrians Crossing Comfort Analysis for a Footbridge Over Someş River
Authors: Moga C. , Fenesan Crina , Suciu M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to the relatively low rigidities in the vertical and horizontal planes, the structures of the footbridges must be checked from the point of view of their dynamic behavior, so as to avoid the resonance phenomenon and to ensure the walking comfort of the pedestrians. The paper presents some aspects related to the dynamic behaviour, for the pedestrian bridge with a span of 31.5 m that was constructed in The Railway Park area of Cluj-Napoca city, over the Someşul Mic River, in 2022. In terms of pedestrian traffic density, the structure falls into Category III: Footbridges for normal use occasionally crossed by large groups of pedestrians. After the finalization of the project The Revitalization and Activation of the Railway Park in Cluj-Napoca city, the park will include two pedestrian walkways with similar superstructure, which crosses the Someș River, but in the vicinity of the park a road bridge with 4 traffic lanes and two sidewalks was also built during this period. Given the possibility of changing the density of walking in the future, the footbridge was also analysed for higher density conditions, so that there is no need to carry out structural intervention works in the near future, except for known maintenance works.
Earthquake Behavior of Concrete Gravity Dams During Ground Motions
Authors: Ouzandja D. , Messaad M. , Messaad T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The stability evaluation of the dams subjected to seismic excitations is really very complex as the earthquake response of the concrete gravity dam depends upon its connection joints with foundation rock. This study presents the seismic response of concrete gravity dams considering welded contact and friction contact and along dam-foundation rock interface. Friction contact is provided using contact elements. Two-dimensional finite element model of Oued Fodda concrete gravity dam, located in Chlef at the northwestern part of Algeria, is used for this purpose. Nonlinear analyses of dam-foundation rock system are performed using ANSYS software. The reservoir water is modeled as added mass using the Westergaard approach. The Druker-Prager model is employed in the nonlinear analysis for dam concrete. The surface-to-surface contact elements based on the Coulomb's friction law are used to describe the friction. These contact elements use a target surface and a contact surface to form a contact pair. According to this study, when the friction contact is considered in joints, sliding displacement of dam base occurs along the dam-foundation rock interface. The dam sliding along its foundation decreases the deformation response; principal stresses in the dam body and shear force at both the heel and toe of the dam.
The Building Certification System - A Tool of Sustainable Development of University Campuses
Authors: Prada Hanga-Fărcaş Ioana Francesca , Bungău C. C. , Scurt Adriana Aurelia , Cristea Monica , Prada Marcela Florina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study is part of humanity's current concerns of tempering climate change for sustainable development, in the context where the construction sector is responsible for a significant percentage of greenhouse gas emissions. In the present work, through a rigorous documentation, the authors synthesize several existing green and sustainable building certification systems. Extending the study from buildings to green neighbourhoods, to university campuses and even to green cities, models of their sustainable development are highlighted. The authors summarize the results of the various "green" ratings, initiating "Top 10 Greenest Universities in the world", demonstrating the interest of certification and classification. The paper presents the case study of the University of Oradea. From this perspective, participation in a rating of green campuses, as well as certification of buildings, are stimulating elements for approaching a sustainable development strategy. Thus, with the registration in the UI GreenMetric World University Rankings, the University of Oradea is set to rise in the ranking, which actually led to the improvement of the green criteria and implicitly to an orientation towards a sustainable development of the university campus. At the same time, the paper demonstrates that the energy certification of old buildings engaged in the "wave of renovations" is a tool for the sustainable development of university campuses.
Comparison of the Multimodal Transport Operator’s and a Freight Forwarder’s Liability Limit in International Transport. Case Study
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Salamakhina Ekaterina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding the limits of freight forwarders' liability helps to predict the scope of indemnification to the customer in case of damage or loss of cargo. The absence of international agreements regulating the limit of the liability limit of freight forwarders makes it difficult for customers to find freight forwarders with the most favorable conditions. A large number of factors, such as the type of forwarding contract, the country of registration of the forwarder, the status of the forwarder, existing international agreements, etc. can significantly affect the degree of liability of the forwarder. In this paper, the legislation regulating forwarding and the activities of the multimodal transport operator will be considered. In addition, the standard conditions of the forwarding contract, the most commonly used in the selected countries, will be analyzed. On the basis of the conducted research, a case study will be presented, which will indicate the practical influence of various factors on the liability limit of the forwarder and the multimodal transport operator.