bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory behavioral responses of two Drosophila species and their pupal parasitoid to volatiles from bananas
Authors: Bi Yaluan , Zhang Xuan , Chang Xuefei , Li Jiaxin , Xiao Shan , Zhang Bo , Dang Cong , Sun Linlin , Yao Hongwei , Fang Qi , Wang Fang , Ye Gongyin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBehavior‐based manipulation is an essential part of Drosophila integrated pest management (IPM). Effective compounds are useful for improving the efficiency of baits and the development of attract‐and‐kill or push–pull strategies to manage Drosophila populations. Here, we investigated the olfactory behavior of two Drosophila species, as well as their pupal parasitoid, to volatiles from bananas, for the identification of effective compounds to control fly populations.ResultsThe results showed that overripe bananas were most attractive to both flies, with a higher attraction index (AI) in Drosophila melanogaster than in Drosophila suzukii. The profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from bananas with three different ripening stages were compared, and six VOCs were selected for behavioral tests. D. suzukii showed significantly different responses to isoamyl alcohol with D. melanogaster. The effects of ethyl butyrate and ethyl isovalerate on the two flies were dose‐dependent, with lower concentrations acting as repellent and higher concentrations acting as attractant. Isoamyl acetate, isoamyl butyrate and isoamyl isovalerate (0.005–0.05% v/v) were attractive to both flies. The parasitoid wasp Pachycrepoidus vindemmiae was repelled by isoamyl alcohol and ethyl butyrate, and attracted by ethyl isovalerate, but showed no significant response to isoamyl acetate, isoamyl butyrate and isoamyl isovalerate at the tested concentration.ConclusionThis study indicated that the behavioral response of Drosophila to the odor of chemical compounds is dose‐dependent. Isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate at certain concentrations could be used as repellents, whereas ethyl isovalerate as an attractant in control strategy design for D. suzukii. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rational Design of a High‐Loading Polysulfide Cathode and a Thin‐Lithium Anode for Developing Lean‐Electrolyte Lithium–Sulfur Full Cells
Authors: Yu Guan‐Ting , Chung Sheng‐Heng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLithium‐sulfur cells are attractive energy‐storage systems because of their high energy density and the electrochemical utilization rates of the high‐capacity lithium‐metal anode and the low‐cost sulfur cathode. The commercialization of high‐performance lithium–sulfur cells with high discharge capacity and cyclic stability requires the optimization of practical cell‐design parameters. Herein, a carbon structural material composed of a carbon nanotube skeleton entrapping conductive graphene is synthesized as an electrode substrate. The carbon structural material is optimized to develop a high‐loading polysulfide cathode with a high sulfur loading capacity (6–12 mg cm−2), rate performance (C/10–C/2), and cyclic stability for 200 cycles. A thin lithium anode based on the carbon structural material is developed and exhibits long lithium stripping/plating stability for ≈2500 h with a lithium‐ion transference number of 0.68. A lean‐electrolyte lithium–sulfur full cell with a low electrolyte‐to‐sulfur ratio of 6 µL mg−1 is constructed with the designed high‐loading polysulfide cathode and the thin lithium anode. The integration of all the critical cell‐design parameters endows the lithium–sulfur full cell with a low negative‐to‐positive capacity ratio of 2.4, while exhibiting stable cyclability with an initial discharge capacity of 550 mAh g−1 and 60% capacity retention after 200 cycles.
Long but Strong C−C Single Bonds: Challenges for Theory
Authors: Fokin Andrey A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTheoretical challenges in describing molecules with anomalously long single C−C bonds are analyzed in terms of the relative contributions of stabilizing and destabilizing intramolecular interactions. Diamondoid dimers that are stable despite the presence of C−C bonds up to 1.7 Å long, as well as other bulky molecules stabilized due to intramolecular noncovalent interactions (London dispersions) are discussed. The unexpected stability of highly crowded molecules, such as diamondoid dimers and tert‐butyl‐substituted hexaphenylethanes, calls for reconsideration of the “steric effect” traditionally thought to destabilize the molecule. Alternatively, “steric attraction” helps to understand bonding in sterically overloaded molecules, whose structural and energetic analysis requires a proper theoretical description of noncovalent interactions.
Sesamin suppresses angiotensin‐II‐enhanced oxidative stress and hypertrophic markers in H9c2 cells
Authors: Chang Chih‐Chia , Cheng Hui‐Ching , Chou Wan‐Ching , Huang Yu‐Ting , Hsieh Pei‐Ling , Chu Pei‐Ming , Lee Shin‐Da 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMyocardial hypertrophy plays a crucial role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Myocardial hypertrophy is an adaptive response by myocardial cells to stress after cardiac injury to maintain cardiac output and function. Angiotensin II (Ang‐II) regulates CVD through the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, and its signaling in cardiac myocytes leads to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Sesamin (SA), a natural compound in sesame seeds, has anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects. This study investigated whether SA could attenuate hypertrophic damage and oxidative injuries in H9c2 cells under Ang‐II stimulation. We found that SA decreased the cell surface area. Furthermore, Ang‐II treatment reduced Ang‐II‐increased ANP, BNP, and β‐MHC expression. Ang‐II enhanced NADPH oxidase activity, ROS formation, and decreased Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity. SA treatment reduces Ang‐II‐caused oxidative injuries. We also found that SA mitigates Ang‐II‐induced apoptosis and pro‐inflammatory responses. In conclusion, SA could attenuate Ang‐II‐induced cardiac hypertrophic injuries by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in H9c2 cells. Therefore, SA might be a potential supplement for CVD management.
Bisphenol S stimulates Leydig cell proliferation but inhibits differentiation in pubertal male rats through multiple mechanisms
Authors: Pan Peipei , Wen Zina , Ma Feifei , Lei Zhen , Pan Chengshuang , Fei Qianjin , Tian Erpo , Wang Yiyan , Zhu Qiqi , Li Huitao , Li Xiaoheng , Zhong Ying , Ge Ren‐Shan , Xu Ren‐ai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBisphenol S (BPS) is a novel bisphenol A (BPA) analogue, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that disrupts male reproductive system. Whether BPS affects Leydig cell maturation in male puberty remains unclear. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (age of 35 days) were daily gavaged to 0, 1, 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day from postnatal days 35–56. BPS at 1–10 mg/kg/day and higher doses markedly reduced serum testosterone and progesterone levels but it at 200 mg/kg/day significantly increased estradiol level. BPS at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day significantly elevated serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. BPS at 1–10 mg/kg/day and higher doses significantly reduced inhibin A and inhibin B levels. BPS at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day markedly increased CYP11A1+ Leydig cell number, but did not affect HSD11B1+ (a mature Leydig cell marker) cell number. BPS at 10 mg/kg/day and higher doses significantly downregulated the expression of Cyp11a1 and at 100 and 200 mg/kg/d significantly lowered Cyp17a1, Hsd11b1, and Nr5a1 in the testes. BPS at 100 and/or 200 mg/kg/day significantly elevated Lhb in the pituitary. BPS at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, and CREB without affecting total AKT1, AKT2, and CREB levels. BPS at 1–100 μM significantly suppressed testosterone production and induced proliferation of primary immature Leydig cells after 24 h of treatment and these actions were reversed by estrogen receptor α antagonist, ICI 182780, and partially reversed by vitamin E. BPS at 0.1–10 μM significantly increased oxidative stress of Leydig cells in vitro. BPS also directly inhibited 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 activity at 10–100 μM. In conclusion, BPS causes hypergonadotropic androgen deficiency in male rats during pubertal exposure via activating ESR1 and inducing ROS in immature Leydig cells and directly inhibiting 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 activity.
Hematological, biochemical, genotoxic, and histopathological changes induced by pyridaben
Authors: Ali Marwa F. , Mohamed Wafaa H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current work examined the genotoxic effects of pyridaben (PDB) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups; the first group was used as a control group; the other three groups were exposed to 19, 28.5, and 57 mg/kg b.w PDB by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical parameters; femoral bone marrow was flushed for chromosomal aberrations (CA) assay and liver samples were used for the analysis of gene expression of IL‐6 and Casp‐3 as well as histopathological and immunhistochemical investigation for Casp‐3. The results showed that PDB exposure lead to non‐significant changes in hematological parameters in all PDB administrated groups while malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in 19 and 57 mg/kg PDB doses groups Also, gene expression of IL‐6 and Casp‐3 revealed a significant increase in 28.5 and 57 mg/kg PDB doses groups as compared with the control. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of CAs in bone marrow cells in all PDB‐exposed groups. The histopathological and immunhistochemical examination showed focal areas of inflammatory cellular infiltration with fibrosis in 57 mg/kg b.w PDB dose group accompanied by the severe positive reaction of caspase3 in the liver.
Veterinary drugs in groundwater in a dairy region of central Argentina and risk assessment for human health
Authors: Borello Julieta Soledad , Giannini‐Kurina Franca , Grassi Diego Alejandro , Tentor Gonzalo , Cañas Ana Irene , Nassetta Mirtha Maria , Lepori Edda Cristina Villaamil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVeterinary drugs used in dairy production are potential contaminants of surface or groundwater sources, being able to affect human and environmental health. It is known that chronic exposure to antibiotics in low concentrations present in water can generate microbial resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of veterinary drugs in 53 groundwater samples used for animal and human consumption, collected in dairy milking parlors, in an important milk‐producing area of central Argentina, and to assess the risk to human health when they are used as drinking water. In 75% of the total samples analyzed, at least one veterinary drug was detected. The most frequently found drugs in water samples were the antibiotics tetracycline in 58.5% and oxytetracycline in 56.6%, and an anti‐inflammatory, flunixin in 39.6%. In the water samples, the tetracycline and oxytetracycline concentrations were between 0.1 and 5.3 μg/L and flunixin concentrations were between 0.01 and 2.1 μg/L. The frequency of appearance and the concentration levels of the substances found in the water samples were evaluated according to the productivity, size, and production system (confined or pasture) of the dairy farms. Higher concentrations and proportions of water samples containing antibiotics were observed when the number of animals per dairy farm was >182 and when the productivity was high (>25 liters per animal per day). In the case of flunixin, the percentage of detection was similar in all evaluated categories. The risk assessment for children and adults, considering the intake of drinking water containing residues of these drugs, did not indicate a significant health risk. It would be advisable to evaluate other sources of drinking water, both surface and underground, in other regions of the country, to provide data to assess the impact of these substances and the other contaminants on environmental and human health.
Singing in Preschool Promotes Literacy Development
Authors: Galeza Abbey , Rasinski Timothy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConcepts of print are essential, foundational literacy understandings about words in their written, or print form. Concepts include discerning pictures from written words, reading print from top to bottom and left to right with one‐to‐one correspondence between words read and words in print. Reading aloud from a big book is widely accepted and implemented to teach the concepts of print. We present the repeated singing of a shared text as an alternative or complementary instructional method for teaching concepts of print in the preschool classroom. This article reports major findings that showed substantial developments in preschool student's understanding of print concepts after just 2 weeks of singing a shared text. Additionally, we comment on the joyfulness that song can bring into the early childhood classroom. Based on these findings, we suggest engaging students in repeated singing of a shared text as an instructional approach for teaching concepts of print to preschool students.
Studying the photodecomposition rate constant and morphology properties of modified poly(vinyl chloride) with novel Schiff's bases
Authors: Kadhom Mohammed , Mohammed Alaa , Ghani Hassan , Hasan Amer Adnan , Mousa Omar G. , Abdulla Roaa T. , Al‐Dahhan Wedad H. , Al‐Mashhadani Mohammed H. , Yusop Rahimi M. , Yousif Emad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe photodegradation of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) film filled with Schiff bases in its structure was investigated and studied by comparing it with a blank PVC film. A PVC film containing novel Schiff's bases was synthesized and used as a photostabilizer for PVC. PVC was exposed to ultraviolet light and underwent harmful changes, where the photostabilization effect differed before and after filling aromatic Schiff bases within the structure. After 300 h of UV irradiation, the photodecomposition rate constants were calculated to identify the impact of Schiff bases on PVC films. In order to evaluate the impact of adding Schiff bases as photo‐stabilizers, the evolution of different functional groups during irradiation was monitored using FTIR spectra. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were exploited to examine the surface morphology of produced polymers. These investigations showed that filling novel Schiff bases inside the polymers performed much better photostabilization than plain PVC. Hence, the photodecomposition rate constant, on the other hand, was calculated alongside the irradiation time.
Automated layer identification and segmentation of x‐ray computer tomography imaged PCBs
Authors: Yun Xiangyu , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Yanfang , Li Mohan , Liu Shuangquan , Wang Zhe , Wang Mian , Wei Cunfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe non‐destructive inspection of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) through r‐ray Computer Tomography (CT) is a recently developed method that offers several advantages over traditional inspection techniques. This method is non‐invasive, quick, and offers high resolution, leading to significant improvements in inspection and repair efficiency. Post‐image analysis is an important step in PCB inspection and has important practical significance for automatic positioning and determining the location of faults. Usually, the results of image segmentation are an important basis for PCB defect detection, and accurate segmentation results can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of PCB inspection and increase the level of automation. This paper discusses two innovative improvements for the automatic segmentation process: firstly determining which slices of an x‐ray CT 3D PCB stack belong to which layer on a physical PCB in an automatic, generic and completely unsupervised way, which is verified on a 4‐layer PCB; secondly proposing a level set‐based image segmentation algorithm for the problem of gray scale inhomogeneity present in PCB CT. Experimental results on real PCB CT images with high aliasing and artifacts show that the proposed model can obtain better performance than the popular active contour models.
[Zr6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4](1‐adamantanecarboxylate)12]: a model for extrinsic “defect‐engineerable” porosity
Authors: Gvilava Vasily , Vieten Maximilian , Heinen Tobias , Oestreich Robert , Boldog Ishtvan , Janiak Christoph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe molecular zirconium‐oxo cluster with 1‐adamantanecarboxylate of ideal formula [Zr6O4(OH)4(AdCA)12] (AdCA=1‐adamantanecarboxylate) has a near spherical shape with a hydrophobic “shell” of bulky rigid adamantyl groups. The use of formic acid as a modulator and a large excess of the HAdCA were found to be crucial for its reproducible synthesis and the formation of ~100‐150 μm well‐formed rhombohedral single crystals. Crystallization in the presence of formic acid leads, however, to ligand‐substitution defects (1‐2 out of 12) which were quantified by thermogravimetry and NMR. A defect‐engineering with a higher defect ratio in such oxo clusters is a promising approach aiming at extrinsic porosity.
Multi-Stakeholder Networks in a Circular Economy Transition: A Typology of Stakeholder Relationships
Authors: Blomberg Annika , Kujala Johanna , Heikkinen Anna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines relationships among stakeholders seeking to promote the transition to a circular economy. We ask what kinds of relationships there are among circular economy stakeholders and how the transition to a circular economy is accelerated through these relationships. Our empirical material consists of 35 semi-structured interviews with circular economy stakeholders from private, public and third-sector organisations at local, regional and national levels in Finland, a country that has set the goal of becoming a global circular economy leader by 2025. Our inductive analysis identifies four prevalent types of relationships in the multi-stakeholder network: (1) directive relationships, (2) mediative relationships, (3) collaborative relationships and (4) competitive relationships. We show that directive relationships provide the foundation for the circular economy and mediative relationships enable the broadening and deepening of network activities. Together, directive and mediative relationships enable and form a basis for the collaborative and competitive relationships central to the implementation of a circular economy. We conclude that all relationship types are necessary to enabling the circular economy transition.
Developing a Participatory Approach to Support Decision-Making in Waste Management
Authors: Kujanpää Lauri , Pihkola Hanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransition towards a circular economy and reaching the tightening recycling targets in the European Union require multilateral and joint efforts of multiple stakeholders. We arranged workshops with European experts in waste management to gather insights from typical decision processes, stakeholder groups involved, and challenges faced when improving the collection of recyclable waste fractions. Furthermore, we experimented with a method to facilitate the stakeholder interaction during one of the workshops. Based on the experiences gained, we propose the use of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to support the management of interactive decision-making processes in waste management value chains. We analysed the findings from our practice-oriented, empiric decision-making exercise in light of selected literature from the fields of stakeholder theory and stakeholder engagement. Our claim is that the formal procedure of MCDM can help to provide a structure for the assessment of complex decision problems in situations where interdependencies between the actors and their conflicting interests affect the outcome. Furthermore, the proposed MCDM approach provides concrete results in the form of priorities between alternative actions. Although we have experimented with the approach in the context of waste management, the approach should also be applicable for creating shared understanding and legitimate decisions in multi-stakeholder networks in other contexts.
Conformal bootstrap in momentum space at finite volume
Authors: Nishikawa Kanade 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we Fourier transform the Wightman function concerning energy and angular momentum on the SD−1 spatial slice in radial quantization in D = 2, 3 dimensions. In each case, we use the conformal Ward Identities to solve systematically for the Fourier components. We then use these Fourier components to build conformal blocks for the four-point function in momentum space, giving a finite-volume version of the momentum-space conformal blocks. We check that this construction is consistent with the known result in infinite volume. Our construction may help to find bootstrap equations that can give nontrivial constraints that do not appear in analysis in infinite volume. We show some examples of bootstrap equations and their nontriviality.
Level crossings, attractor points and complex multiplication
Authors: Ahmed Hamza , Ruehle Fabian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study the complex structure moduli dependence of the scalar Laplacian eigenmodes for one-parameter families of Calabi-Yau n-folds in ℙn+1. It was previously observed that some eigenmodes get lighter while others get heavier as a function of these moduli, which leads to eigenvalue crossing. We identify the cause for this behavior for the torus. We then show that at points in a sublocus of complex structure moduli space where Laplacian eigenmodes cross, the torus has complex multiplication. We speculate that the generalization to arbitrary Calabi-Yau manifolds could be that level crossing is related to rank one attractor points. To test this, we compute the eigenmodes numerically for the quartic K3 and the quintic threefold, and match crossings to CM and attractor points in these varieties. To quantify the error of our numerical methods, we also study the dependence of the numerical spectrum on the quality of the Calabi-Yau metric approximation, the number of points sampled from the Calabi-Yau variety, the truncation of the eigenbasis, and the distance from degeneration points in complex structure moduli space.
Chirality changing RG flows: dynamics and models
Authors: Shirman Yuri , Shukla Shreya , Waterbury Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chirality plays an important role in understanding the dynamics of quantum field theories. In this paper, we study the dynamics of models where renormalization group flows change the chiral structure of the theory. We introduce model building tools and construct models with a variety of chirality flows: from the appearance of new massless composite matter, to the development of mass gaps to completely general changes in the chiral matter content. The stability of chirally symmetric vacua is sensitive to the interplay between non-perturbative dynamics and deformations necessary to generate chirality flows. In particular, we show that chirality flows can be easily induced by deformations of s-confining models. On the other hand, in the absence of true s-confinement, the required deformations destabilize chirally symmetric ground states.