bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principals’ Leadership Qualities and Teachers Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Maroua 1 Sub-division, Far North Region of Cameroon
Authors: Takang  Jaspa David 
Published: January 2023

Purpose : This study endeavored to bring out the qualities of school administrators necessary for achieving laid down objectives. In this study, four variables regarding principals qualities were x –rayed and they are ; use of motivation skills, human relation skills, use of technical skills, and use of communication skills.
Methodology: The researcher employed a qualitative method in bringing out the findings through the development of a questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to one hundred teachers who were selected from four public secondary schools in the Maroua 1 subdivision in the Far North Region of Cameroon. Twenty five teachers per school were conveniently and purposefully selected and their responses were analyzed using content analyses method. Out of the 100 teachers who took part in the interview, ninety five concluded the interview giving a response rate of ninety five percent.
Findings: The results showed that human relation skills motivated teachers to be more effective. The motivation, technical and communication skills influenced principals’ actions but not as compared to human relation.
Conclusion: In conclusion , human relation skills exhibited by school leaders was the strongest factor that galvanize positive teacher endeavors but we also had motivation , technical, and good communication skills that assist school leaders to be productive.
Recommendation: The study recommend principals to put extra effort in building better relationships in schools and foster a culture and climate that deals with team work and mutual respect for one another.
Hambatan Dan Penyelesaian Penginjilan Di Tengah Masyarakat Multikultural Di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Santoso Teguh , Maharani Erlin 
Published: January 2023

This research focuses on the challenges and solutians faced in the task of evangelization in a pluralistic society.as part of its main task, the church today still recognizes evangelism as its duty and responsibility. The main problem is how the church increases the effectiveness of evangelism as one of its taks, especially in a pluralistic society, and how the church provides a solution. Evangelism in a pluralistic society especially in large cities is a challenge faced. Whether the church is able toface challenges it finds in plural societies, and how the churh provides a solution. From the results of study it was found that the challenges of evangelism in plural societies include: the existence of exclusive community groups, so that outreach was difficult to do, and the difficulty of establishing cooperation with urban communities was caused by factors such as: high suspicion in a pluralistic society in balancing the demands of life, and urban society.
ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA
Penelitian ini memaparkan tentang hambatan-hambatan serta cara penyelesaian yang dihadapi dalam melaksanakan tugas penginjilan dalam masyarakat yang bersifat multicultural. Sebagai bagian dari tugas utamanya, gereja masa kini pun masih mengakui penginjilan sebagai tugas dan tanggung jawabnya. Menjadi pokok permasalahannya adalah bagaimana gereja meningkatkan keefektifan penginjilan sebagai salah satu tugasnya, khususnya di tengah masyarakat yang bersifat multikultural.
Penginjilan di tengah kehidupan masyarakat yang majemuk khususnya di kota-kota besar, merupakan tantangan yang harus dihadapi oleh gereja masa kini. Apakah gereja mampu menghadapi tantangan demi tantangan yang ditemukannya di tengah masyarakat multikultural, serta bagaimana cara gereja memberikan jalan keluar.
Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tantangan penginjilan dalam masyarakat multikultural antara lain: adanya kelompok masyarakat yang besifat eksklusif, sehingga penjangkauan sulit dilakukan, serta kesulitan untuk membangun kerja sama dengan masyarakat kota disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor antara lain: Tingginya rasa curiga dalam diri masyarakat, kesibukan masyarakat untuk mengimbangi tuntutan kehidupan, dan masyarakat kota pada umumnya berfikir apakah kerja sama itu akan memberi keuntungkan atau tidak sama sekali baginya.
Phytochemical Screening, Anti-obesity and Hepatoprotective Activities of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Jatropha tanjorensis in Wistar Rats
Authors: Amaechi Dennis , Yisa B. N. , Ekpe I. P. , Nwawuba P. I. , Rabbi Alacks 
Published: January 2023

Aim: The objective of this study is to assess Jatropha tanjorensis's phytochemical components, anti-obesity and hepatoprotective properties.
Methods: 35 albino Wistar rats were placed into five groups of seven rats each. Each group received the following treatment: Group A served as the control group, and extract doses of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg were given to groups B and C, respectively. Doses of 200 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of J. tanjorensis extract were given to groups D and E. Using accepted methods, the phytochemical components, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective properties of J. tanjorensis were identified.
Results: J. tanjorensis was found to include biochemical building blocks like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, and saponins after undergoing a qualitative phytochemical screening. With the exception of group C, the results showed a substantial (P< 0.05) drop in cholesterol levels when compared to the control group. Group A's HDL concentration levels increased significantly (P< 0.05) when compared to the other groups.In treated group D (8.70±6.54) after extract administrations, ALP levels were significantly (p 0.05) lower than in the normal control group (15.00±8.00). Although there was a considerable decline in other groups, the ALT activity was found to be significantly lower in treatment group E (5.33±1.33). Treatment groups B (14.003.61) and E (14.003.61) saw a minor but significant decline in AST activity, but treatment groups C (24.33±3.53) and D (36.67±17.34) saw a more significant increase.
Conclusion: The study concludes that plant extracts may be used to treat metabolic disorders like obesity and cardiovascular diseases because they have the potential to lower cholesterol and have hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, phytochemicals may be used as drug precursors, templates for synthetic modification, and pharmacological probes.
Growth and Instability of International Trade of Jute in India
Authors: Baviskar P. P. , Perke D. S. , More S. S. 
Published: January 2023

India is the largest producer of jute in the world. Among the important jute producing countries in the world, India had gained the first position in 2020 by producing about 1807 thousand tonnes of jute on an area of 691 thousand hectares and contributing a share of 67.21 and 49.47 per cent to the world’s total production and area of jute, respectively. In the present study efforts have been made to examine the growth performance of international trade of jute in India. The study was based on secondary data for the period of 30 years (1989-90 to 2018-19). The collected data were sub-divided into three periods, and the exponential growth function was used to anlysed the growth rates of jute. The instability in area, production, productivity, export and import were measured by Coppock’s Instability Index (CII) and Cuddy Della Valle’s Instability Index (CDVI). The results of growth rate showed negative trend in area of jute but production and productivity showed positive growth rates over the study period. All the parameters viz., export quantity, export value, export unit price, import quantity, import value and import unit price shown positive growth rates during overall period and found to be significant at 1 per cent level of significance. It was concluded that, India has been associated with moderate degree of variability in the jute production and productivity in the first sub period and this variability has been reduced significantly during the second and third period, while area recorded less variability during the study period. All the parameters viz., export quantity, export value, import quantity and import value have experienced high instability while the export unit price and import unit price registered stability during the study period.
Thoracic motion‐compensated cone‐beam computed tomography in under 20 seconds on a fast‐rotating linac: A simulation study
Authors: Blake Samuel J. , Dillon Owen , Byrne Hilary L. , O'Brien Ricky T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRapid kV cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans are achievable in under 20 s on select linear accelerator systems to generate volumetric images in three dimensions (3D). Daily pre‐treatment four‐dimensional CBCT (4DCBCT) is recommended in image‐guided lung radiotherapy to mitigate the detrimental effects of respiratory motion on treatment quality.PurposeTo demonstrate the potential for thoracic 4DCBCT reconstruction using projection data that was simulated using a clinical rapid 3DCBCT acquisition protocol.MethodsWe simulated conventional (1320 projections over 4 min) and rapid (491 projections over 16.6 s) CBCT acquisitions using 4D computed tomography (CT) volumes of 14 lung cancer patients. Conventional acquisition data were reconstructed using the 4D Feldkamp‐Davis‐Kress (FDK) algorithm. Rapid acquisition data were reconstructed using 3DFDK, 4DFDK, and Motion‐Compensated FDK (MCFDK). Image quality was evaluated using Contrast‐to‐Noise Ratio (CNR), Tissue Interface Width (TIW), Root‐Mean‐Square Error (RMSE), and Structural SIMilarity (SSIM).ResultsThe conventional acquisition 4DFDK reconstructions had median phase averaged CNR, TIW, RMSE, and SSIM of 2.96, 8.02 mm, 83.5, and 0.54, respectively. The rapid acquisition 3DFDK reconstructions had median CNR, TIW, RMSE, and SSIM of 2.99, 13.6 mm, 112, and 0.44 respectively. The rapid acquisition MCFDK reconstructions had median phase averaged CNR, TIW, RMSE, and SSIM of 2.98, 10.2 mm, 103, and 0.46, respectively. Rapid acquisition 4DFDK reconstruction quality was insufficient for any practical use due to sparse angular projection sampling.ConclusionsResults suggest that 4D motion‐compensated reconstruction of rapid acquisition thoracic CBCT data are feasible with image quality approaching conventional acquisition CBCT data reconstructed using standard 4DFDK.
Nanobiology Dependent Therapeutic Convergence between Biocompatibility and Bioeffectiveness of Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot Scaffold for Immuno‐Inductive Angiogenesis and Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Yan Zhiwen , Ye Tianbao , Yang Liang , Jiang Huiquan , Chen Cheng , Chen Shanlin , Qian Yun , Fan Cunyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe understanding of nanomaterial biology determines material selection and scaffold fabrication in regenerative medicine. The translational application of advanced functional nanomaterials, like graphene and derivatives, requires an in‐depth investigation on the sophisticated material‐cell action network. To achieve the therapeutic convergence between biocompatibility and bioeffectiveness, herein, series of graphene derivatives are screened and the superiority of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) is confirmed. Thereby, a GOQD functionalized nerve scaffold is fabricated for peripheral nerve repair with electrospinning and freeze‐drying technology. The behavioral, electrophysiological, and pathological analysis confirms that GOQDs promote nerve structural reconstruction and attenuate denervation‐induced myopathy. Macrophages perceive the implanted materials and initiate a variety of biological processes. GOQDs activate the macrophage ERK/CERB/VEGF pathway in vitro and in vivo, thereby contributing to intraneural vascularization. In addition, an enzyme‐activated degradation route of GOQDs is explored and the implanted scaffolds trigger negligible scar formation and blood toxicity. These findings demonstrate the ability of the GOQD, a biocompatible graphene derivative, to facilitate intraneural vascularization and regeneration of injured peripheral nerves through a macrophage intracellular signaling‐mediated mechanism. This enlightens the authors to continuously explore the mechanisms behind the material nanobiology‐dependent therapeutic convergence between biocompatibility and bioeffectiveness for clinical translation.
Recent Advances in Mn‐Rich Layered Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Kuan , Zhuo Haoxiang , Wang Jiantao , Poon Fanny , Sun Xueliang , Xiao Biwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBranded with low cost and a high degree of safety, with an ambitious aim of substituting lithium‐ion batteries in many fields, sodium‐ion batteries have received fervid attention in recent years after being dormant for decades. Layered materials are a major focus of study owing to the extensive experience already gained in lithium‐ion batteries, and the pursuit of a Mn‐rich composition is critical to reduce the cost while retaining the performance. This review provides a timely update of the recent progress of Mn‐rich layered materials for sodium‐ion batteries based on the understandings of the phase forming principles, structure transformation upon cycling and charge compensation mechanisms and discusses potential ambiguities in the pursuit of high‐performance materials.
Shear Mode Ultrasonic Transducers from Flexible Piezoelectric PLLA Fibers for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Yousry Yasmin Mohamed , Wong Voon‐Kean , Ji Rong , Chen Yunjie , Chen Shuting , Zhang Xiuying , Lim David Boon Kiang , Shen Lei , Yao Kui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractShear mode guided waves are highly demanded for underwater structural health monitoring (SHM) applications due to their simplified non‐dispersive feature and minimal acoustic energy loss in the presence of liquid. Excitation and detection of pure shear wave are challenging using conventional piezoelectric materials used in the current ultrasonic transducers because they have complex piezoelectric responses mixed with multiple longitudinal, transverse, and shear modes. They also suffer from aging issue due to depoling. Here, conformable shear mode ultrasonic transducers are designed and made of flexible piezoelectric poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers on both flat and tubular structures. The electromechanical responses over a macroscopic area of the transducers are evaluated in a wide frequency range up to 500 kHz. The PLLA fiber‐based shear mode ultrasonic transducers exhibit a consistent sensitivity of detecting defects in liquid and air. In addition, the only shear mode in PLLA fibers originates from crystal structure without requiring electrical poling to render piezoelectricity, thus does not depole due to aging. The theoretical analyses including ab initio calculations and experimental results on both flat and tubular structures show the great potential of PLLA material and significant advantage of PLLA fiber‐based shear mode ultrasonic transducers for underwater SHM applications.
Advanced Optoelectronic Devices for Neuromorphic Analog Based on Low‐Dimensional Semiconductors
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zong Yixin , Liu Duanyang , Yang Juehan , Wei Zhongming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic systems can parallelize the perception and computation of information, making it possible to break through the von Neumann bottleneck. Neuromorphic engineering has been developed over a long period of time based on Hebbian learning rules. The optoelectronic neuromorphic analog device combines the advantages of electricity and optics, and can simulate the biological visual system, which has a very strong development potential. Low‐dimensional materials play a very important role in the field of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices due to their flexible bandgap tuning mechanism and strong light‐matter coupling efficiency. This review introduces the basic synaptic plasticity of neuromorphic devices. According to the different number of terminals, two‐terminal neuromorphic memristors, three‐terminal neuromorphic transistors and artificial visual system are introduced from the aspects of the action mechanism and device structure. Finally, the development prospect of optoelectronic neuromorphic analog devices based on low‐dimensional materials is prospected.
Petromyzontidae‐Biomimetic Multimodal Microneedles‐Integrated Bioelectronic Catheters for Theranostic Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Huang Shuang , He Mengyi , Yao Chuanjie , Huang Xinshuo , Ma Deyuan , Huang Qiqi , Yang Jingbo , Liu Fanmao , Wen Xingqiao , Wang Ji , Chen Huijiuan , Xie Xi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurrent catheter devices in minimally invasive surgery still possess limited functional options, lacking multimodal integration of both sensing and therapy. Catheter devices usually operate outside the tissue, incapable to detect intra‐tissue biochemical information for accurate localization and assessment of lesions during surgery. Inspired by the feature and functions of Petromyzontidae, here a multimodal core‐shell microneedles‐integrated bioelectronic catheter (MNIBC) for tissue‐penetrating theranostics in endoscopic surgery is developed. The microneedle (MN) device possesses individually addressable functionality at single‐MN tip resolution, enabling multiplex functions (a total of 11 functions distributed in three types of catheters) including biochemical sensing, myoelectric modulation, electroporation, and drug delivery in a submucosal environment. The MNIBC is prepared through hybrid fabrication and dimensionality reduction strategies, where the MN electrodes are functionalized with an MXene‐carbon nanotube (MXene‐CNT)‐based electron mediator, addressing the challenge of reduced electrode sensitivity on ultra‐small MN tip. The functionalities of MNIBC are demonstrated both ex vivo and in vivo on anesthetized rabbits via laparoscopy, simulated cystoscopy, and laparotomy. The MNIBC can effectively detect intra‐tissue biochemical signals in the bladder, and offers localized electroporation and intra‐tissue drug delivery for precise treatments of lesions. The versatile features of the MNIBC present a highly advanced platform for precise surgeries.
Nanovaccines Displaying the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin in an Inverted Orientation Elicit an Enhanced Stalk‐Directed Antibody Response
Authors: Frey Steven J. , Carreño Juan Manuel , Bielak Dominika , Arsiwala Ammar , Altomare Clara G. , Varner Chad , Rosen‐Cheriyan Tania , Bajic Goran , Krammer Florian , Kane Ravi S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the availability of licensed vaccines, influenza causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current influenza vaccines elicit an immune response that primarily targets the head domain of the viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). Influenza viruses, however, readily evade this response by acquiring mutations in the head domain. While vaccines that target the more conserved HA stalk may circumvent this problem, low levels of antistalk antibodies are elicited by vaccination, possibly due to the poor accessibility of the stalk domain to B cell receptors. In this work, it is demonstrated that nanoparticles presenting HA in an inverted orientation generate tenfold higher antistalk antibody titers after a prime immunization and fivefold higher antistalk titers after a boost than nanoparticles displaying HA in its regular orientation. Moreover, nanoparticles presenting HA in an inverted orientation elicit a broader antistalk response that reduces mouse weight loss and improves survival after challenge to a greater extent than nanoparticles displaying HA in a regular orientation. Refocusing the antibody response toward conserved epitopes by controlling antigen orientation may enable the design of broadly protective nanovaccines targeting influenza viruses and other pathogens with pandemic potential.
Synthetic Plant Cuticle Coating as a Biomimetic Moisture Barrier Membrane for Structurally Colored Cellulose Films
Authors: Anusuyadevi Prasaanth Ravi , Singha Shuvra , Banerjee Debashree , Jonsson Magnus P , Hedenqvist Mikael S. , Svagan Anna J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhotonic films based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are sustainable candidates for sensors, structurally colored radiative cooling, and iridescent coatings. Such CNC‐based films possess a helicoidal nanoarchitecture, which gives selective reflection with the polarization of the incident light. However, due to the hygroscopic nature of CNCs, the structural colored material changes and may be irreversibly damaged at high relative humidity. Thus, moisture protection is essential in such settings. In this work, hygroscopic CNC‐based films are protected with a bioinspired synthetic plant cuticle; a strategy already adopted by real plants. The protective cuticle layers altered the reflected colors to some extent, but more importantly, they significantly reduced the water vapor permeance by more than two orders of magnitude, from 2.1 × 107 (pristine CNC/GLU film) to 12.3 × 104 g µm m−2 day−1 atm−1 (protected CNC/GLU film). This expands significantly the time window of operation for CNC/GLU films at high relative humidity.
Optical Reflectance of Composites with Aligned Engineered Microplatelets
Authors: Poloni Erik , Galinski Henning , Bouville Florian , Wilts Bodo , Braginsky Leonid , Bless David , Shklover Valery , Sicher Alba , Studart André R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reflection of light from distributed microplatelets is an effective approach to creating color and controlling the optical properties in paints, security features, and optical filters. However, predictive tools for the design and manufacturing of such composite materials are limited due to the complex light–matter interactions that determine their optical response. Here, the optical reflectance of individual reflective microplatelets and of polymer‐based composites containing these engineered platelets as an aligned, dispersed phase are experimentally studied and analytically calculated. Transfer‐matrix calculations are used to interpret the effect of the platelet architecture, the number of platelets, and their size distribution on the experimentally measured reflectance of composites prepared using a previously established magnetic alignment technique. It is demonstrated that the reflectance of the composites can be understood as the averaged response of an array of Fabry–Pérot resonators, in which the microplatelets act as semi‐transparent flat reflectors and the polymer as cavity medium. By using an analytical model and computer simulations to describe the interaction of light with platelets embedded in a polymer matrix, this work provides useful tools for the design and fabrication of composites with tailored optical reflectance.
Machine Learning Enabled Image Analysis of Time‐Temperature Sensing Colloidal Arrays
Authors: Schöttle Marius , Tran Thomas , Oberhofer Harald , Retsch Markus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSmart, responsive materials are required in various advanced applications ranging from anti‐counterfeiting to autonomous sensing. Colloidal crystals are a versatile material class for optically based sensing applications owing to their photonic stopband. A careful combination of materials synthesis and colloidal mesostructure rendered such systems helpful in responding to stimuli such as gases, humidity, or temperature. Here, an approach is demonstrated to simultaneously and independently measure the time and temperature solely based on the inherent material properties of complex colloidal crystal mixtures. An array of colloidal crystals, each featuring unique film formation kinetics, is fabricated. Combined with machine learning‐enabled image analysis, the colloidal crystal arrays can autonomously record isothermal heating events — readout proceeds by acquiring photographs of the applied sensor using a standard smartphone camera. The concept shows how the progressing use of machine learning in materials science has the potential to allow non‐classical forms of data acquisition and evaluation. This can provide novel insights into multiparameter systems and simplify applications of novel materials.