bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
96-LB: Dorzagliatin Improves Beta-Cell Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: ZHANG YUANHUI , FENG LINGGE , CHEN LI , LIU DONGYANG 
Published: June 2023

Objective: The oral minimal model (OMM) is a powerful tool to assess beta-cell function, including both the dynamic and static states. Dorzagliatin, a novel dual-acting glucokinase activator, has been reported the potential to improve pancreatic function in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of dorzagliatin on beta-cell function by using OMM.
Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of dorzagliatin following multiple ascending doses in T2DM was completed (NCT02077452) and the data collected were used for beta-cell function parameters (Φb, Φd, Φs, and Φtot) estimation by using the SAAM II package integrating OMM. These parameters represent the non-glucose stimulated index, the dynamic responsivity of insulin secretion, the static responsivity of insulin secretion, and the global index of beta-cell responsivity, respectively.
Results: All treatments except for the 200 mg dose group, compared with baseline, were associated with higher beta-cell function indices. Among them, Φb was significantly higher in the 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg dose groups (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01, or p &lt; 0.001), indicating basal beta-cell responsivity improved. Φd has an increase in the 25 and 100 mg dose groups (p &lt; 0.05), indicating promptly releasable insulin responsivity improved. Φs was higher in the 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg dose groups (p &lt; 0.05 or p &lt; 0.01), indicating insulin secretion responsivity at steady state improved. Φtot significantly increased in the 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg dose groups (p &lt; 0.05 or p &lt; 0.001), indicating total beta-cell responsivity improved. No statistically significant difference was observed within the placebo group.
Conclusions: This study suggested dorzagliatin can improve postprandial glucose control through its positive effects on beta-cell function.

Disclosure
Y. Zhang: None. L. Feng: Employee; Hua Medicine. L. Chen: Employee; Hua Medicine. D. Liu: None.
964-P: Real-World Comparison of Rural and Urban Cohorts Using the Bigfoot Unity System for 6 Months
Authors: TILLMAN JOHN , OLSON BYRON P. , VAUGHAN SARAH , NAUREEN SHEIKH F. , MALONE JAMES K. 
Published: June 2023

Background: The Bigfoot Unity® System incorporates CGM data, real-time alerts, and clinician-directed dose recommendations. Clinicians use a web portal to view patient data remotely. Our objective was to analyze real world data from rural and urban subgroups.
Methods: A 6-month retrospective analysis was done using a prespecified analysis plan for commercial users with ≥50% CGM data at 6 months (N=127, 24 clinics). A baseline A1C was obtained from clinic medical records (N=118). Glycemic and System engagement outcomes for those living in urban (N=102) and rural (N=25) zip codes were compared.
Results: Most in urban and rural groups had T2D (82 v 84%); mean age was 65 and 61 years, respectively. Urban users had mean baseline A1C of 8.4±1.6% and 7.5±0.8% mean GMI at 6 months; rural users had baseline A1C of 8.5±1.9% and 6-month GMI of 7.2±0.8%. Subgroup outcomes are shown (Table). Using GMI as an A1C proxy, pairwise comparisons of 6 month GMI to baseline A1C in the overall cohort (N=118) show a 1.1±1.4% improvement (P &lt;0.05).
Discussion: Overall, both groups were primarily older adults with T2D using MDI and having suboptimal glycemic control before System use. Given concerns with disparity in diabetes management in rural areas, we evaluated rural and urban users of Bigfoot Unity. The rural cohort was small but data suggests that for both groups, using the System resulted in similar improved and durable glycemic control at 6 months.

Disclosure
J.Tillman: Employee; Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. B.P.Olson: Employee; Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. S.Vaughan: Employee; Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. F.Sheikh: Employee; Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. J.K.Malone: Employee; Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc.

Funding
Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc.
983-P: GluClose—Collaboratively Designing a More Personalized Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Onboarding Experience
Authors: CHAO EDWARD C. , ZHANG MINGJIN , HOULE MARY A. , RATAJ HEIDI 
Published: June 2023

Current resources for acclimating patients to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may not be convenient or individualized. We examined if design thinking could better understand patients’ challenges, to uncover insights to facilitate more personalized onboarding for individuals living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) new to CGM.
Design Thinking seeks to understand the user, challenge assumptions, and discover strategies that might not be initially apparent. This iterative working process generates solutions. A 10-week sprint started with immersion in current devices, including wearing a demonstration CGM. After directly observing in a DM clinic CGM onboarding for T1DM patients, we interviewed 4 newly-diagnosed and 4 previously-diagnosed individuals with T1DM: ages 2-65, diagnosed 5 months to 58 years ago; and 2 health care professionals (HCP). Patients’ pain points included: being overwhelmed with technology, and feeling a lack of ongoing support.
Individuals’ journey maps and user personas informed low-fidelity prototypes for patient testing, which guided a high-fidelity prototype for GluClose. Key features included: recording goals; tracking progress; and providing a forum to ask questions and share information, with vetting for accuracy.
The Standard Usability Score was 74 (from 7 participant responses), which is above average for acceptability.
This early design thinking study of improving CGM onboarding demonstrates that our patient-driven prototype, GluClose, has high usability. Entering and tracking goals and questions could serve as a springboard for enhancing engagement and communication with other patients and HCP. Balancing participants’ preferences on interacting with HCP on GluClose with time and safety considerations can be both a challenge and an opportunity. Connecting T1DM patients with HCP, DM community members, and design thinkers could spark new questions and solutions, to further tailor and improve CGM onboarding.

Disclosure
E.C.Chao: None. M.Zhang: None. M.A.Houle: Other Relationship; Insulet Corporation. H.Rataj: None.

Funding
University of California San Diego
991-P: Reduction in Diabetes-Related Hospitalizations and Medical Costs after Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitor (rtCGM) Initiation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (PWT2D) on Intensive Insulin Therapy (IIT)
Authors: HANNAH KATIA , NEMLEKAR POORVA , NORMAN GREGORY J. 
Published: June 2023

This study evaluated changes in diabetes-related hospitalizations and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) costs after rtCGM initiation in PWT2D on IIT. Retrospective analysis of US healthcare claims data using Optum’s Clinformatics® database was conducted. The cohort included CGM naïve PWT2D on IIT who initiated rtCGM (Dexcom G6) between 8/1/2018 through 3/31/2021 (index date=earliest observed pharmacy claim). Diabetes-related (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia) hospitalizations (ER and inpatient visits) and associated HCRU costs were assessed 12-months pre- and post-index. Hospitalizations were expressed as changes in the number of visits. Changes in diabetes-related HCRU costs were reported as per-person-per-month (PPPM) costs. Hospitalizations and HCRU costs were defined as claims with a diabetes-related diagnosis code in the 1st or 2nd position on the claim. A total of 790 PWT2D (average age=52.8 (sd=10.5) years, 46.7% female) rtCGM users on IIT with commercial health insurance met inclusion criteria. A 50% reduction (p&lt;0.0001) in the number of diabetes-related inpatient visits after rtCGM initiation was observed (baseline n=132, follow-up n=66). Similarly, after rtCGM initiation, a 47% reduction (p&lt;0.05) in the number of diabetes-related ER visits occurred (baseline n=85, follow up n=45). Average PPPM diabetes-related hospitalization medical costs decreased by $329.53 (p&lt;0.05). HCRU cost reductions were driven by reduced diabetes-related inpatient medical costs (-$308.46 PPPM). Payer claims showed that hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis were the most common reasons for hospitalizations 12-months pre- and post-device initiation. Findings suggest that rtCGM initiation may contribute to reduced HCRU for PWT2D on IIT by way of improving glycemic control.

Disclosure
K.Hannah: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. P.Nemlekar: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. G.J.Norman: Employee; Dexcom, Inc.

Funding
Dexcom, Inc.
Metformin for Treatment of Acute COVID-19: Systematic Review of Clinical Trial Data Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Erickson Spencer M. , Fenno Sarah L. , Barzilai Nir , Kuchel George , Bartley Jenna M. , Justice Jamie Nicole , Buse John B. , Bramante Carolyn T. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Observational and preclinical data suggest metformin may prevent severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes.

PURPOSE
We conducted a systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of metformin treatment for COVID-19 to determine whether metformin affects clinical or laboratory outcomes in individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and present a structured summary of preclinical data.

STUDY SELECTION
Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and ClinicalTrials.gov on 1 February 2023 with no date restrictions for trials where investigators randomized adults with COVID-19 to metformin versus control and assessed clinical and/or laboratory outcomes of interest. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess bias.

DATA EXTRACTION
Two reviewers extracted data pertaining to prespecified outcomes of each interest from each included trial.

DATA SYNTHESIS
The synthesis plan was developed a priori and was guided by Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines. Summary tables and narrative synthesis were used (PROSPERO, 2022, CRD42022349896). Three randomized trials met inclusion criteria. In two of the trials investigators found that metformin improved clinical outcomes (prevented need for oxygen and prevented need for acute health care use), and in the third trial a larger portion of adults with diabetes were enrolled but results did show a direction of benefit similar to that of the other trials in the per-protocol group. In the largest trial, subjects were enrolled during the delta and omicron waves and vaccinated individuals were included. The certainty of evidence that metformin prevents health care use due to COVID-19 was moderate per Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Many preclinical studies have shown metformin to be effective against SARS-CoV-2.

LIMITATIONS
Limitations include inclusion of only three trials and heterogeneity between trials.

CONCLUSIONS
Future trials will help define the role of metformin in COVID-19 treatment guidelines.
A novel approach for hybrid system simulation and design based on an enhanced load flow calculation methodology
Authors: A. Notholt  , D. Coll-Mayor  , A. Balakhontsev  
Published: June 2023

This article presents a modified method of performing power flow calculations as an alternative to pure energy-based simulations of off-grid hybrid systems. The enhancement consists in transforming the scenario-based power flow method into a discrete time dependent algorithm with the inclusion of bus and controller dynamics. The output of the simulation can be then used to run economic calculations as well as for the evaluation of the technical feasibility of a given network configuration.
Effect of Supply Unbalance on Harmonic Emissions of Uncontrolled Six-Pulse Rectifiers
Authors: G. Austin Taylor  , S. Mark Halpin  
Published: June 2023

Standards dealing with power quality disturbances and emission limits for equipment and installations are constantly evolving as additional knowledge is gained. Often, each type of disturbance, such as harmonics, is considered individually and without regard for the possible effects of other types of disturbances, such as unbalance. The interdependencies between the disturbance phenomena are often disregarded. The work reported in this paper is focused on quantifying and correlating the effect of supply system unbalance on the harmonic emissions of the most basic harmonic-producing converter, the uncontrolled six-pulse rectifier. Six-pulse rectifiers with different loading conditions are supplied by sources with varying levels of unbalance to determine the effect of the unbalance on harmonic emissions via simulation. Different unbalanced supply conditions, all within credible levels, are considered and the effects on the harmonic emissions of the six-pulse rectifier are evaluated. The results of these simulations show that as source unbalance increases, THD and triplen harmonics also increase in a nearly-linear pattern. This type of relationship may be appropriate for consideration in the ongoing efforts in standardization related to both harmonics and unbalance so that more coordinated decisions can be made.
La scuola e la verità
Authors: Beretta Piccoli Raffaele 
Published: June 2023

La tesi dell’articolo afferma l’essenzialità che riveste, per l’Istituzione scolastica, il principio della verità, nel senso aristotelico della costruzione di nessi tra i discenti e la realtà. Nessi conoscitivi che fondano, da un lato il rispetto del vincolo alla neutralità dell’insegnamento e dall’altro lato l’educazione alla cittadinanza democratica. Nessi valutativi che, nella loro sostanza, rappresentano un orientamento alla crescita degli allievi e nella loro forma accompagnano quest’ultimi nel mettersi costamente in questione. Sviluppando queste riflessioni, l’articolo si muove continuamente tra teoria e pratica, offrendo altresì due sezioni con spunti pratici per la formulazione delle valutazioni e per la gestione dei comportamenti scorretti.
A Legal Good Under Art. 62(1) of the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction of 2005
Authors: Tkaczyk-Rymanowska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The focus of this article is the regulation of Article 62(1) of the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction of 29 July 2005, often referred to in literature as ‘possession for personal use’. The fundamental issue related to the subject matter pertains to the definition of the legal good in Art. 62(1) of the Act. Contrary to initial impressions, identifying this interest is neither simple nor unequivocal, as there may be doubts over whether such a good protected by law exists and, if so, whether it should be protected under criminal law. The article also explores the correlation of this legal good and the need to protect it with other legal goods protected by the Constitution (e.g. individual freedom). Additionally, the article also examines the significance of the consent of a holder of a given good for the exclusion of unlawfulness or the absence of any attack on the legal good. Behaviour undertaken with the consent of the holder, allegedly “violating” the legal good, is after all, an act that conforms to the norm from the outset, and therefore does not involve any element of unlawfulness. As such, it does not constitute a criminal act. There are doubts whether in the case of possession and use of drugs, there is a threat to the legal good or whether such conduct is lawful from the very beginning, given the consumer’s consent. The article critiques the existing criminal law regulations, and its key argument is the thesis that drug addiction is an issue of exclusively medical and social concern, rather than one of criminal law.
The return of propaganda: Historical legacies and contemporary conceptualisations
Authors: Bolin Göran , Kunelius Risto 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
In this introductory article, we discuss the rise of the “classical” theories of propaganda, starting with an historical exposé of the concept, which traces its roots and trajectory through the field of academic analysis. Propaganda is then discussed in relation to other adjacent concepts such as soft power, public diplomacy, nation branding, fake news, and so on. In a third section, the concept of propaganda is discussed in relation to the present datafied world, marked by various forms of crises – of democracy and of the environment, for example. In the last section, the articles included in this themed issue are presented and related to the preceding historical and conceptual discussion.
Moderating effect of institutional environment on economic policy uncertainty: evidence from firms’ investments
Authors: Večeřová Klára 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the link between corporate investments, eco-nomic policy uncertainty and the quality of institutional environments. The corporate investments of private firms in 10 European countries from 2009 to 2018 were examined and a negative effect of economic policy uncertainty on corporate investments was identified. More importantly, it was determined that the higher-quality institutional environments reduced the negative impact of economic policy uncertainty on corporate investments, especially when economic policy uncertainty was high. We also demonstrate the effects of government stability, legislative strength, government cohesion and socioeconomic conditions that mitigate the negative effects of economic policy uncertainty on corporate investments.
Hypersonic Conical Shock-Wave/Turbulent-Boundary-Layer Interaction at High Reynolds Number
Authors: Zuo Feng-Yuan 
Published: June 2023

A parametric study of hypersonic impinging conical-shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interaction (CSBLI) is carried out at hypersonic high-Reynolds-number conditions (Mach number 6.0, [Formula: see text], based on the freestream momentum boundary-layer thickness and wall viscosity) by means of numerical simulation of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, with the eventual goal of establishing wall temperature effects. Comparison with available experimental data shows that RANS is capable of predicting the main features of hypersonic oblique shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interaction, namely, typical size and distribution of the wall properties. A large number of flow cases, especially at high Reynolds number, were computed to examine the scaling of the heat transfer over a wide range of wall temperatures. As expected, the interaction zone of hypersonic CSBLI is reduced as the wall is cooled. A simple power of heat transfer originally introduced by Back and Cuffel (“Changes in Heat Transfer from Turbulent Boundary Layers Interacting with Shock Waves and Expansion Waves,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 8, No. 10, 1970, pp. 1871–1873) for planar shock-induced interactions is here considered to account for hypersonic CSBLIs, which is found to successfully collapse the data to the distributions obtained for supersonic/hypersonic, cold/hot interactions. The value range of the power exponent [Formula: see text] is within 0.75–0.95.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Adults and Adolescents With Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review of Construct Validity, Reliability, Responsiveness, and Interpretability Using the COSMIN Methodology
Authors: Hoglund Lisa T. , Scalzitti David A. , Jayaseelan Dhinu J. , Bolgla Lori A. , Wainwright Susan Flannery 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to appraise the construct validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess function and pain in adults and adolescents with patellofemoral pain (PFP). DESIGN: Systematic review of measurement properties LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to January 6, 2022. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included studies that assessed the measurement properties of English-language PROMs for PFP and their cultural adaptations and translations. DATA SYNTHESIS: Using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology, we determined overall ratings and quality of evidence for construct validity, internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, and responsiveness. We extracted data related to interpretability for clinical use. RESULTS: After screening 7066 titles, 61 studies for 33 PROMs were included. Only 2 PROMs had evidence of “sufficient” or “indeterminate” quality for all measurement properties. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score patellofemoral subscale (KOOS-PF) had “low” to “high” quality evidence for a rating of “sufficient” for 4 measurement properties. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) had very low–quality evidence for a “sufficient” rating for 4 measurement properties. The KOOS-PF and LEFS were rated “indeterminate” for structural validity and internal consistency. The KOOS-PF had the best interpretability with reported minimal important change and 0% ceiling and floor effects. No studies examined cross-cultural validity. CONCLUSION: The KOOS-PF and LEFS had the strongest measurement properties among PROMs used for PFP. More research is needed, particularly regarding structural validity and interpretability of PROMs. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(8):460–479. Epub: 20 June 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11730
Do cosmetics have a role in melasma? Preliminary results of a pilot study of patch testing in melasma
Authors: Divyalakshmi C. , Bhatia Riti , Hazarika Neirita 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
Melasma can be associated with pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD) that often goes unrecognized. The concept of cosmetic contact sensitivity in melasma is relatively less studied. In this era of overwhelming use of cosmetics among both men and women, the role of various cosmetic products in melasma and PCD needs to be extensively explored. Patch test in melasma patients can help recognize this cosmetic contact sensitivity in melasma patients. Thus, our study was to find the role of cosmetics in melasma patients.

Material and Methods:
A hospital-based, pilot study conducted in the Dermatology outpatient department of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand from January 2020 to February 2020. Seventeen consecutive patients with melasma were patch tested with Indian cosmetic series procured from the Systopic Pharmaceutical Ltd., standard set of commercial cosmetic products and patient products, if applicable. Day 3 and 5 readings were recorded.

Results:
Patch test was positive in 15 (88.2%) patients, with a relevance of 66.7%. Thiomersal was the most common allergen (53.3%) observed in our study population.

Conclusion:
Thiomersal in cosmetic products may be an important allergen to cause melasma.
Zasady zaskarżania orzeczeń a ochrona praw jednostki w postępowaniu cywilnym
Authors: Góra-Błaszczykowska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2023

Autorka przyjęła, że zasadami zaskarżania orzeczeń są odnoszące się wyłącznie do tego etapu postępowania, niewystępujące na innych jego etapach. Zawężenie katalogu zasad zaskarżania orzeczeń ma istotne znaczenie z punktu widzenia ochrony praw jednostki, bo zapewnia przewidywalność czynności procesowych sądu, wywołanych wniesieniem środka zaskarżenia, a nawet samą zapowiedzią jego wniesienia.
Strona musi wiedzieć, czy w ogóle od wydanego w jej sprawie orzeczenia służy środek zaskarżenia, jaki to środek i w jakim terminie może zostać wniesiony. Pozwala to przewidzieć zachowanie przeciwnika procesowego i oczywiście sądu, który będzie rozpoznawał taki środek.
Poważnym utrudnieniem dla ochrony praw stron i innych podmiotów, na których sytuację prawną ma wpływ orzeczenie, jest bardzo rozbudowany w polskim porządku prawnym katalog nadzwyczajnych środków zaskarżenia. Taka sytuacja nie wpływa pozytywnie na ochronę praw jednostki postępowania cywilnego, budząc jej poważne obawy co do tymczasowości rozwiązania jej problemu prawnego za pomocą orzeczenia sądu