bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Y chromosome human diversity in Uruguay
Authors: Mut Patricia , Bertoni Bernardo , Sapiro Rossana , Hidalgo Pedro C. , Torres Alejandra , Azambuja Carlos , Sans Mónica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith regard to the origin of its population and microevolutionary processes, Uruguay exhibits distinctive features that distinguish it from other countries in Latin America, while at the same time sharing several similarities. In this article, we will focus on the variability of paternal genetic lineages in two geographical regions with different histories that can be considered as examples of distinct populations for the continent. In general terms, the genetic diversity is a result of different demographic processes related to the American conquest and colonisation. These resulted in distinct ancestral components which vary geographical and depend on the distribution by sex within these components. In Uruguay, native maternal haplogroups are significantly more frequent in the North. Although there are several studies about the geneticvariability of Uruguay, little is known about male genetic lineages.AimsThe aim of this work is to present an updated study of the male genetic variability of the Uruguayan population.MethodsWe analyzed 13 biallelic markers and 27 STRs located in the male‐specific region of the Y chromosome for 157 males: 98 from the capital, Montevideo, and 59 from Tacuarembó.ResultsAlmost all haplogroups found in both locations are European (99% and 93.2% respectively). One Sub‐Saharan African haplogroup was found in Montevideo (1%) and 2 in Tacuarembó (3%), while Native haplogroups were found only in Tacuarembó, evidencing a strong sex‐biased admixture. By crossing genetic and genealogical information we could relate European haplogroups with different waves and times of migrations.DiscussionNetwork analysis indicated a very diverse male population, suggesting that European migrants came from heterogeneous geographic locations and in different waves. Tacuarembó has closer population affinities with Iberian populations while Montevideo is more diverse. Male population expansion expansion, can be explained by the large number of migrants that arrived during the XIX century and the first half of the XX century.ConclusionsThe Uruguayan male gene pool is the result of several migration waves with diverse origins, with strong sex‐biased admixture that can be explained by the European migration, the violence against the indigenous males, and the segregation of the Africansadmixture that can be explained due to European migration, violence against Natives, and segregation against African males.admixture that can be explained due to European migration, violence against Natives, and segregation against African males.admixture that can be explained due to European migration, violence against Natives, and segregation against African males.admixture that can be explained due to European migration, violence against Natives, and segregation of hte Africans.
PhIO‐Mediated Cascade Reactions of Activated Acetylamides and Cyclic Amidines: Access to Polysubstituted Imidazolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Ye Xuebei , Zhang Rui , Wang Yu , Li Jiacheng , Dong Dewen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA facile and efficient synthesis of polysubstituted imidazolidin‐2‐ones has been developed via an oxidative cyclization reaction of activated acetyl amides and cyclic amidines mediated by iodosobenzene (PhIO). A mechanism is proposed for this transformation, which involves sequential intermolecular addition, Hofmann‐type rearrangement and intramolecular cyclization reactions. The novel protocol features readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, simple execution, metal‐free oxidative cyclization, and one‐pot procedure.
Insights into the Correlation of Cross‐linking Modes with Mechanical Properties for Dynamic Polymeric Networks
Authors: Deng Jingxi , Bai Ruixue , Zhao Jun , Liu Guoquan , Zhang Zhaoming , You Wei , Yu Wei , Yan Xuzhou 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSimultaneously introducing covalent and supramolecular cross‐links into one system to construct dually cross‐linked networks, has been proved an effective approach to prepare high‐performance materials. However, so far, features and advantages of dually cross‐linked networks compared with those possessing individual covalent or supramolecular cross‐linking points are rarely investigated. Herein, on the basis of comparison between supramolecular polymer network (SPN), covalent polymer network (CPN) and dually cross‐linked polymer network (DPN), we reveal that the dual cross‐linking strategy can endow the DPN with integrated advantages of CPN and SPN. Benefiting from the energy dissipative ability along with the dissociation of host–guest complexes, the DPN shows excellent toughness and ductility similar to the SPN. Meanwhile, the elasticity of covalent cross‐links in the DPN could rise the structural stability to a level comparable to the CPN, exhibiting quick deformation recovery capacity. Moreover, the DPN has the strongest breaking stress and puncture resistance among the three, proving the unique property advantages of dual cross‐linking method. These findings gained from our study further deepen the understanding of dynamic polymeric networks and facilitate the preparation of high‐performance elastomeric materials.
Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular C(sp3)‐H Amidation for the Synthesis of Chiral 1,2‐Diamines
Authors: Geraci Andrea , Stojiljković Uros , Antien Kevin , Salameh Nihad , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChiral 1,2‐diamines are privileged scaffolds among bioactive natural products, active pharmaceutical ingredients, ligands for transition‐metal‐based asymmetric catalysis and organocatalysts. Despite this interest, the construction of chiral 1,2‐diamine motifs still remains a challenge. To address this, an iridium(III)‐catalyzed intermolecular C(sp3)‐H amidation reaction was developed. This method relies on the design of a new, cheap and cleavable exo‐protecting/directing group derived from camphorsulfonic acid, which is directly installed from easily accessible precursors, and furnishes scalemic free 1,2‐diamines upon cleavage of both nitrogen substituents. It was found applicable to both α‐secondary and α‐tertiary‐1,2‐diamines, for which a two‐step protocol involving intermolecular olefin hydroamination and C(sp3)‐H amidation was developed. Kinetic and computational studies provided insights into the observed reactivity difference between pairs of diastereoisomeric substrates.
Thermo‐responsive ReO4− composite membranes with SiO2 modified: Preparation, performances and application in secondary resources
Authors: Xu Wan , Zhao Shengyuan , Zhang Huijuan , Niu Fangfang , Liu Xingsheng , Chen Zhenbin , Sun Yuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the continuous depletion of global rhenium resources, the separation and purification of rhenium (Re) from secondary resources became very important. Herein, an imprinted composite membrane with “flexible chain” thermo‐responsive imprinted separation layer structure (Re‐TIICM) was prepared to achieve selective separation and recovery of Re from secondary resources with complex composition. Re‐TIICM's thermo‐responsive imprinted separation layer occurred sol/gel phase transition by adjusting the temperature, which effectively mitigated the trade‐off between selectivity and desorption. The structure and performance of Re‐TIICM under optimum process conditions were tested and evaluated. The results showed that Re‐TIICM exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.1036 mmol/g at 35°C, a separation degree of 4.37 (MnO4− as disturbing ions), and remained good adsorption capacity and selectivity after 9 adsorption/desorption cycles. When Re‐TIICM was applied in secondary resources, the purity of Re increased from 35.412% to 70.208% after one adsorption/desorption cycle, showing a great potential for industrial applications.
Generation of Electric Current by Magnetic Field at the Boundary: Quantum Scale Anomaly Versus Semiclassical Meissner Current Outside of the Conformal Limit
Authors: Chernodub Maxim , Goy Vladimir , Molochkov Alexander 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe scale (conformal) anomaly can generate an electric current near the boundary of a system in the presence of a static magnetic field. The magnitude of this magnetization current, produced at zero temperature and in the absence of matter, is proportional to a beta function associated with the renormalization of the electric charge. Using first‐principle lattice simulations, this paper investigates how the breaking of the scale symmetry affects this “scale magnetic effect” near a Dirichlet boundary in scalar quantum electrodynamics (Abelian Higgs model). This study demonstrates the interplay of the generated current with vortex excitations both in symmetric (normal) and broken (superconducting) phases and compares the results with the anomalous current produced in the conformal, scale‐invariant regime. Possible experimental signatures of the effect in Dirac semimetals are discussed.
Intrauterine management and outcomes of persistent fetal atrial flutter: A case report
Authors: Du Runxuan , Wang Fangna , Dong Yuewen , Chu Wei , Ma Lishuang , Gao Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundFetal atrial flutter (AF), accounting for 30% of all fetal tachyarrhythmias, predominantly (over 80%) manifests as a 2:1 atrioventricular conduction. Swift referral and timely intervention become imperative in instances of severe persistent arrhythmia.Case PresentationWe discuss the case of a 32‐year‐old multiparous Chinese woman, at 30+2 weeks of gestation, wherein an ultrasonographic examination revealed persistent fetal AF (atrial rate ranging from 219 to 445 beats/min and ventricular rate from 219 to 228 beats/min, with a 2:1 or 1:1 down transmission) and minor ascites. Despite the maternal ingestion of digoxin and sotalol, the fetal heart rhythm remained uncorrected. Following this, at 32+3 weeks of gestation, an intramuscular injection of cedilanid, guided by ultrasound, was administered to the fetus. Postoperatively, the fetal ventricular rate demonstrated a decline after 6 days, and the ascites resolved. Subsequently, at 33+3 weeks, a cesarean section was necessitated due to maternal intolerance to the medication, resulting in the delivery of the infant. Remarkably, the infant's cardiac rhythm spontaneously converted to sinus rhythm within 5 min of birth. A follow‐up conducted 1 year postpartum revealed no recurrence of AF.ConclusionsThis case illustrates that in the event of transplacental drug treatment failure, intrauterine therapeutic intervention should be considered. Moreover, it highlights the encouraging prognosis associated with fetal AF, as the cardiac rhythm spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm postbirth in this instance.
The effect of exposure to radiofrequency LTE signal and coexposure to mitomycin‐C in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells
Authors: Sannino Anna , Romeo Stefania , Scarfì Maria Rosaria , Pinchera Daniele , Schettino Fulvio , Alonzo Mario , Allocca Mariateresa , Zeni Olga 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the cellular effects of radiofrequency exposure, 1950 MHz, long‐term evolution (LTE) signal, administered alone and in combination with mitomycin‐C (MMC), a well‐known cytotoxic agent. Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells were exposed/sham exposed in a waveguide‐based system under strictly controlled conditions of both electromagnetic and environmental parameters, at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.3 and 1.25 W/kg. Chromosomal damage (micronuclei formation), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species [ROS] formation), and cell cycle progression were analyzed after exposure and coexposure. No differences between exposed samples and sham‐controls were detected following radiofrequency exposure alone, for all the experimental conditions tested and biological endpoints investigated. When radiofrequency exposure was followed by MMC treatment, 3 h pre‐exposure did not modify MMC‐induced micronuclei. Pre‐exposure of 20 h at 0.3 W/kg did not modify the number of micronuclei induced by MMC, while 1.25 W/kg resulted in a significant reduction of MMC‐induced damage. Absence of effects was also detected when CW was used, at both SAR levels. MMC‐induced ROS formation resulted significantly decreased at both SAR levels investigated, while cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were not affected by coexposures. The results here reported provide no evidence of direct effects of 1950 MHz, LTE signal. Moreover, they further support our previous findings on the capability of radiofrequency pre‐exposure to induce protection from a subsequent toxic treatment, and the key role of the modulated signals and the experimental conditions adopted in eliciting the effect.
Characterization of chemical constituents and metabolites in vivo and in vitro after oral administration of Wuteng tablets in rats by UHPLC–Q/TOF–MS
Authors: Chen Pengyi , Pang Chengguo , Xu Tianen , Dong Peiliang , Han Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWaste medicinal plants are widely used in drug production. With the increasing demand for botanical drugs, there is an urgent need to identify new and effective drugs and improve the utilization of medicinal plant resources. Wuteng tablets (WTP) are extracted from the stem of Schisandra chinensis and have a good therapeutic effect on Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, a holistic identification strategy based on UHPLC–Q/TOF–MS was developed for the first time to investigate the metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in the in vitro metabolism and liver microsomal incubation and in the in vivo metabolic system of rats after WTP administration. After the oral administration of WTP, 21 metabolites were identified in the serum and 25 metabolites were identified in the urine, of which six were new metabolites; 33 metabolites were inferred from the microsomal metabolites in vitro. The metabolic pathways related to WTP mainly involve demethylation, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation and dehydrogenation. In this study, the metabolites and metabolic pathways of WTP were elucidated via UHPLC–Q/TOF–MS, which provided a basis for an in‐depth study of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacotoxicological effects of WTP.
Recent Advances in Base‐Metal‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles†
Authors: Li Wei , Jiang Donghao , Wang Cheng , Cheng Li‐Jie 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummaryTransition metal‐catalyzed carbonylation reactions represent a direct and atom‐economical approach to synthesize carbonyl compounds or their derivatives by using CO as a cheap and readily available C1 feedstock. While carbonylation of C(sp2)‐hybridized electrophiles (e.g., aryl halides) is well developed, carbonylation of less reactive unactivated alkyl electrophiles remains challenging. Recently, the use of earth‐abundant base metals including Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, Ni as catalysts has enabled advances in carbonylative coupling of alkyl electrophiles for approaching diverse carbonyl compounds or their derivatives, notably, some of which are of synthetic importance but difficult to be synthesized through previous reported methods. Herein, we have summarized and discussed these recent achievements in base‐metal‐catalyzed carbonylative C—C, C—N, C—O, C—X coupling and other carbonylation reactions of unactivated alkyl electrophiles using CO as C1 source.
Sudden cardiac arrest in athletes and strategies to optimize preparedness
Authors: Malik Aneeq , Hanson Justin , Han Janet , Dolezal Brett , Bradfield Jason S. , Boyle Noel G. , Hsu Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the leading cause of death in young athletes. Despite efforts to improve preparedness for cardiac emergencies, the incidence of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests in athletes remains high, and bystander awareness and readiness for SCA support are inadequate. Initiatives such as designing an emergency action plan (EAP) and mandating training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator use (AED) for team members and personnel can contribute to improved survival rates in SCA cases. This review provides an overview of SCA in athletes, focusing on identifying populations at the highest risk and evaluating the effectiveness of different screening practices in detecting conditions that may lead to SCA. We summarize current practices and recommendations for improving the response to SCA events, and we highlight the need for ongoing efforts to optimize preparedness through the implementation of EAPs and the training of individuals in CPR and AED use. Additionally, we propose a call to action to increase awareness and training in EAP development, CPR, and AED use for team members and personnel. To improve outcomes of SCA cases in athletes, it is crucial to enhance bystander awareness and preparedness for cardiac emergencies. Implementing EAPs and providing training in CPR and AED use for team members and personnel are essential steps toward improving survival rates in SCA cases.
Band Structure Engineering of Polyimide Photocatalyst for Efficient and Selective Oxidation of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Chu Sheng , Shao Jingjing , Qu Hongyu , Wang Xintie , Xiao Rui , Zhang Huiyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven high‐value utilization of biomass and its derivatives has attracted tremendous attention in replacing fossil sources to generate chemicals. Developing high‐performance photocatalysts to selectively catalyze bio‐platform molecules remains a challenge. Herein, biomass‐based 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was efficiently and selectively photooxidized to 2, 5‐diformylfuran (DFF) using a metal‐free polyimide (PI). PI with moderate photooxidation capacity delivered high DFF selectivity of 91 % and high apparent quantum efficiency of 1.13 %, nearly 7 times higher than that of graphitic carbon nitride. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations revealed that the band structure and photooxidation capability of PI can be continuously modulated by varying the molar ratio of amine and anhydride. Mechanism analysis depicted that holes and superoxide radicals play crucial roles in the efficient photooxidation of HMF to DFF. This work provides guidance on designing efficient polymeric photocatalysts for oxidating biomass and its derivatives to value‐added chemicals.
Active disturbance rejection controller design for harmonic suppression in MPC optimal control based on harmonic state space modeling
Authors: Lin Jican , Liu Shenquan , Wang Gang 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes a harmonic suppression strategy for photovoltaic‐voltage source converters (PV‐VSC). The proposed method utilizes a harmonic state space (HSS) model‐combine model predictive control (MPC) algorithm, which provides a comprehensive representation of the global characteristics of AC/DC harmonic coupling impedance in photovoltaic systems. The HSS‐based converter model operates as a linear time‐varying periodic system, which allows for the implementation of MPC to optimize the HSS equation. This optimization yields voltage increments across various harmonic orders, providing feedforward compensation for the current controller. By incorporating feedback signals into the current control, harmonic compensation is achieved, resulting in improved power quality. Furthermore, a decoupled proportional resonance‐linear adaptive disturbance rejection control (PR‐LADRC) is employed to effectively mitigate steady‐state errors and decrease total harmonic distortion in the presence of DC‐side disturbances. This is accomplished by decoupling the disturbance observer from the controller and integrating the increment feedback signal derived from the MPC‐HSS. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed method and the analysis results are corroborated through numerical simulations.
Experimental evidence associates burrowing behavior of Castalia ambigua (Bivalvia: Hyriidae) with shell shape and density
Authors: do Carmo Reis Gisele , Simeone Diego , Beasley Colin Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInformation on freshwater mussel behavior in the sediment is scarce worldwide, especially in the Amazon. Laboratory experiments were used to measure the responses of the single mussel species Castalia ambigua in relation to combinations of two co‐occurring different morphotypes (Morphotype I with an elongated shell and Morphotype II with a rounded shell), and three different densities (four, eight, and 16 mussels). Horizontal movements (cm) were calculated by summing changes in the position of each specimen and the shell exposure at the sediment–water interface was obtained by measuring (mm) the exposed part of the shell. Castalia ambigua presented different patterns of shell exposure and horizontal movements linked with shell shape and density. Castalia ambigua Morphotype I remained less exposed with 4 mussels. In contrast, this morphotype was more exposed and tended to aggregate in treatments with 8 and 16 mussels, similar to observations of Morphotype II at all densities. Morphotype II is mainly found in low hydrodynamic energy habitats, suggesting that patches with high densities may stabilize the substrate around the shells of Morphotype I, which is associated with high hydrodynamic energy habitats. We suggest that these patterns may be associated with intrinsic factors of the species, such as reproduction, sexual dimorphism and feeding. Moreover, additional studies using other mussel species belonging to the families Hyriidae and Mycetopodidae are important, since the behavior of these mussels in the sediment may provide useful information on their functional roles in river ecosystems.
Incorporating mechanism into conservation actions in an age of multiple and emerging threats: The case of boreal caribou
Authors: DeMars Craig A. , Johnson Chris J. , Dickie Melanie , Habib Thomas J. , Cody Michael , Saxena Amit , Boutin Stan , Serrouya Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConservation strategies for imperiled species are frequently based on identifying and addressing the probable causes of population decline, an approach known as the declining population paradigm. Causes, however, are frequently linked to demographic outcomes by multiple mechanisms, and failing to target the primary mechanisms can reduce the effectiveness and efficiency of conservation actions. Increasingly, conservation strategies also need to consider emerging threats, such as climate change. Here, we use boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), a threatened ecotype of woodland caribou, as a case study to illustrate how landscape disturbance and climate change can each exert negative demographic effects on caribou through multiple and complex mechanisms. We reviewed the extensive literature focused on woodland caribou to identify and assess the relative importance of each putative mechanism. While disturbance‐mediated apparent competition, the expansion of novel predators, and altered predator behavior appear to be primary mechanisms dictating past and current declines of caribou, climate change has increasing potential to exert strong direct and indirect effects now and in the future. Predicted climate effects may prevent some populations from regaining self‐sustaining status, despite local conservation actions. Our review revealed several knowledge gaps, notably a lack of clarity on the spatial extent of undisturbed habitat required for caribou populations to be stable. We used outcomes from our review to demonstrate how a mechanistic understanding of population decline can inform habitat‐based conservation strategies for caribou. For populations residing within highly disturbed ranges, habitat restoration is a key recommendation of current conservation strategies, yet the large spatial extent of disturbances will require prioritization of areas for restoration. Maximizing the conservation return‐on‐investment for caribou will require a mechanistically informed prioritization process that targets conservation actions toward the primary mechanisms underlying population decline.