bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omega‐3 Fatty Acids and Heart Rhythm, Rate, and Variability in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Baumgartner Philipp , Reiner Martin F. , Wiencierz Andrea , Coslovsky Michael , Bonetti Nicole R. , Filipovic Mark G. , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Kühne Michael , Zuern Christine S. , Rodondi Nicolas , Oberle Jolanda , Moschovitis Giorgio , Lüscher Thomas F. , Camici Giovanni G. , Osswald Stefan , Conen David , Beer Jürg H. ,   the SWISS‐AF Investigators
Published: June 2023

Background
Previous randomized control trials showed mixed results concerning the effect of omega‐3 fatty acids (n‐3 FAs) on atrial fibrillation (AF). The associations of n‐3 FA blood levels with heart rhythm in patients with established AF are unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the associations of total and individual n‐3 FA blood levels with AF type (paroxysmal versus nonparoxysmal), heart rate (HR), and HR variability in patients with AF.

Methods and Results
Total n‐3 FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and alpha‐linolenic acid blood levels were determined in 1969 patients with known AF from the SWISS‐AF (Swiss Atrial Fibrillation cohort). Individual and total n‐3 FAs were correlated with type of AF, HR, and HR variability using standard logistic and linear regression, adjusted for potential confounders. Only a mild association with nonparoxysmal AF was found with total n‐3 FA (odds ratio [OR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.89–1.05]) and docosahexaenoic acid (OR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.82–1.06]), whereas other individual n‐3 FAs showed no association with nonparoxysmal AF. Higher total n‐3 FAs (estimate 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98–1.00]) and higher docosahexaenoic acid (0.99 [95% CI, 0.97–1.00]) tended to be associated with slower HR in multivariate analysis. Docosapentaenoic acid was associated with a lower HR variability triangular index (0.94 [95% CI, 0.89–0.99]).

Conclusions
We found no strong evidence for an association of n‐3 FA blood levels with AF type, but higher total n‐3 FA levels and docosahexaenoic acid might correlate with lower HR, and docosapentaenoic acid with a lower HR variability triangular index.
Plasma Pro‐Enkephalin A and Incident Cognitive Impairment: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort
Authors: Short Samuel A. P. , Wilkinson Katherine , Schulte Janin , Renteria Miguel Arce , Cheung Katharine L. , Nicoli Charles D. , Howard Virginia J. , Cushman Mary 
Published: June 2023

Background
Cardiovascular disease is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Evidence links both lower and higher concentration of the circulating opioid pro‐enkephalin A (PENK‐A) with stroke risk. We studied the association of plasma PENK‐A with incident cognitive impairment.

Methods and Results

REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) is a prospective cohort study of 30 239 adults enrolled from 2003 to 2007. Baseline PENK‐A was measured in a nested case–control study of 462 participants who developed cognitive impairment over 4.7 years, and 556 controls. Logistic regression and spline plots adjusted for confounders estimated odds ratios (ORs) of cognitive impairment by baseline PENK‐A. Interaction terms tested for differences in associations by age, sex, and race. Baseline PENK‐A was comparable between cases and controls. There were significant differences in the association of PENK‐A with cognitive impairment by sex and age (adjusted
P
=0.003 and 0.06, respectively). In women but not men, spline plots showed that higher and lower PENK‐A were associated with decreased odds of cognitive impairment (ORs for 10th and 90th percentiles versus median, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.43–0.96] and 0.64 [95% CI, 0.41–0.99]), with no difference by age. In men ≥65 years of age but not younger men, higher PENK‐A was associated with decreased odds for cognitive impairment (OR for fourth versus first quartile 0.47 [95% CI, 0.22–0.99]); this pattern was not confirmed with spline plotting.

Conclusions
High and low levels of circulating opioid PENK‐A were associated with decreased odds of future cognitive impairment in specific subgroups. Additional research is warranted to understand the biology underlying this association and the observed differences by sex.
Complex Mapping between Neural Response Frequency and Linguistic Units in Natural Speech
Authors: Zhang Yuran , Zou Jiajie , Ding Nai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When listening to connected speech, the human brain can extract multiple levels of linguistic units, such as syllables, words, and sentences. It has been hypothesized that the time scale of cortical activity encoding each linguistic unit is commensurate with the time scale of that linguistic unit in speech. Evidence for the hypothesis originally comes from studies using the frequency-tagging paradigm that presents each linguistic unit at a constant rate, and more recently extends to studies on natural speech. For natural speech, it is sometimes assumed that neural encoding of different levels of linguistic units is captured by the neural response tracking speech envelope in different frequency bands (e.g., around 1 Hz for phrases, around 2 Hz for words, and around 4 Hz for syllables). Here, we analyze the coherence between speech envelope and idealized responses, each of which tracks a single level of linguistic unit. Four units, that is, phones, syllables, words, and sentences, are separately considered. We show that the idealized phone-, syllable-, and word-tracking responses all correlate with the speech envelope both around 3–6 Hz and below ∼1 Hz. Further analyses reveal that the 1-Hz correlation mainly originates from the pauses in connected speech. The results here suggest that a simple frequency-domain decomposition of envelope-tracking activity cannot separate the neural responses to different linguistic units in natural speech.
Differential and Overlapping Effects between Exogenous and Endogenous Attention Shape Perceptual Facilitation during Visual Processing
Authors: Landry Mathieu , da Silva Castanheira Jason , Jerbi Karim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVisuospatial attention is not a monolithic process and can be divided into different functional systems. In this framework, exogenous attention reflects the involuntary orienting of attention resources following a salient event, whereas endogenous attention corresponds to voluntary orienting based on the goals and intentions of individuals. Previous work shows that these attention processes map onto distinct functional systems, yet evidence suggests that they are not fully independent. In the current work, we investigated the differential and overlapping effects of exogenous and endogenous attention on visual processing. We combined spatial cueing of visuospatial attention, EEG, and multivariate pattern analysis to examine where and when the effects of exogenous and endogenous attention were maximally different and maximally similar. Critically, multivariate pattern analysis provided new insights by examining whether classifiers trained to decode the cueing effect for one attention process (e.g., exogenous attention) can successfully decode the cueing effect for the other attention process (e.g., endogenous attention). These analyses uncovered differential and overlapping effects between exogenous and endogenous attention. Next, we combined principal component analyses, single-trial ERPs, and mediation analysis to determine whether these effects facilitate perception, as indexed by the behavioral spatial cueing effects of exogenous and endogenous attention. This approach revealed that three EEG components shape the cueing effects of exogenous and endogenous attention at various times after target onset. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive account about how overlapping and differential processes of endogenous and exogenous relate to perceptual facilitation in the context of visuospatial attention.
One-Child Policy, Marriage Distortion, and Welfare Loss
Authors: Huang Wei , Pan Yinghao , Zhou Yi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We investigate how exposure to the One-Child Policy (OCP) during early adulthood affects marriage and fertility in China. Exploring fertility penalties across provinces over time and the different implementations by ethnicity, we show that the OCP significantly increases the unmarried rate among the Han ethnicity but not among the minorities. The OCP increases Han-minority marriages in regions where Han-minority couples are allowed for an additional child, but the impact is smaller in other regions. Finally, the deadweight loss caused by lower fertility accounts for 10 percent of annual household incomes, and policy-induced fewer marriages contribute to 30 percent of the fertility decline.
Do Homelessness Prevention Programs Prevent Homelessness? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Phillips David C. , Sullivan James X. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper provides the first evidence from a randomized controlled trial isolating the impact of financial assistance to prevent homelessness. In this study individuals and families at imminent risk of homelessness were offered temporary financial assistance, averaging nearly $2,000 for those assigned to treatment. Our results show that this assistance significantly reduces homelessness by 3.8 percentage points from a base rate of 4.1 percent. The effects are larger for people with a history of homelessness and no children. Despite concerns about cost-effectiveness due to difficulty targeting, our estimates suggest that the benefits to homelessness prevention exceed costs.
Does a Spoonful of Sugar Levy Help the Calories Go Down? An Analysis of the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy
Authors: Dickson Alex , Gehrsitz Markus , Kemp Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of the 2018 UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy. We combine novel electronic point of sale data with longitudinal nutritional information and a variety of event-study specifications. All but a few global soft drinks brands reduced sugar content and hence avoided the tiered levy. For brands that maintained their recipes, the levy was on average over-shifted resulting in substantial retail price increases and reductions in consumption, particularly for colas. The levy is responsible for a reduction in intake of about 6,600 calories per year per UK resident, 80% of which is attributable to reformulation by manufacturers.
Boldness behavior and ecological adaptability of stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva) in open-field testing
Authors: Zheng Yuchen , Zeng Yu , Li Jin , Gong Jianhan , Lv Zhenyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Boldness is closely related to fish species’ adaptative strategies and invasiveness and has become the focus of fish personality research. However, due to the lack of studies on behavioral stages, the ecological functions of certain behaviors remain unclear. To better understand the link between boldness and invasiveness in stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva), an invasive Asian fish species, we exposed the fish to an open-field environment for 60 min and assessed their behavioral patterns, profiles, and stages. The results show that the boldness behavior of stone moroko was characterized by high activity, low average velocity, and diverse swimming postures. Five behavioral stages with significant differences were revealed: outbreak, inhibition, slow swimming, exploration, and adaptation. These observations suggest that stone moroko can quickly habituate to new environments. In addition, stone moroko spent more energy on exploring the living area and less on environmental risk assessment, as revealed by an analysis of their energy trade-off strategy. The behavioral strategies of stone moroko may explain their extremely high environmental adaptability and ability to invade multiple environments.
Complementary Pathways as “Genuine and Effective Access to Means of Legal Entry” in the Reasoning of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Bratanova van Harten Emiliya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Complementary pathways are often viewed as an entirely political matter. While there is no legal obligation for states to introduce such, this article shows that their presence or absence has a bearing on how the ECtHR assesses compliance with the prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens. This concrete interaction between complementary pathways and human rights law has been introduced through the requirement of “genuine and effective access to means of legal entry” in the case law of the ECtHR. This article clarifies this requirement and assesses its general significance for the role of complementary pathways as a promotor of or a hindrance to human rights protection.
Gathered by the Word: Latin Pentecostal Migrant Congregations in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Alves Leonardo Marcondes 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Migration from Portuguese and Spanish-speaking countries has produced over two hundred Evangelical/Pentecostal congregations in the Nordic region during the early twenty-first century. These churches attract people of diverse backgrounds, demanding ongoing negotiations to keep their distinctive existence. I argue that their existence is owed to shared interpretative practices of the Bible and migration experiences, shaping each other, and forming interpretive communities. Based on an ethnographic investigation, five significant themes characterize Latin congregations in the Nordics as interpretive communities, 1) family worship, 2) incubating churches, 3) intercultural families, 4) transnational connection, and 5) hermeneutics of prophecy. These close-knit, connected, and family-like congregations represent a form of migrant self-theologizing for a Christian witness in a pluralistic Nordic region.
The Language of the Protection of Civilians Mandate and the Primary Responsibility of the State: A Legal Norm for Peace and Security
Authors: Morris Tamer 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When the Security Council mandates the protection of civilians mandate in UN peacekeeping missions, it inadvertently forms an obligation on States involved with UN peace missions. To affirm the concept of State sovereignty, the Security Council constantly references ‘the primary responsibility of the State to protect’ within their resolutions. This developing norm, beginning within the protection of civilians mandate, is an expansion of existing obligations under ihl and ihrl. Within the text of Security Council resolutions there is an obligation that States who are a party to a niac are responsible for peace and security. Therefore, force should be used for peace and security, rather than for “triumphing” in the conflict or entrenching power. As such, a State can achieve its obligations under ihl when governments take all reasonable steps to conclude the conflict, for any hostilities within civilian areas by its very nature is a breach of a State’s obligation and responsibility to protect their own civilians.
Development of Innovation Districts: A Performance Assessment
Authors: Rapetti Carina , Pique Josep M. , Etzkowitz Henry , Miralles Francesc , Duran Jorge 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Global challenges demand more competitiveness from cities, calling for quick adaptation to changes brought about by the current knowledge economy. Innovation Districts (ID) stand out as the most favourable ecosystems to create economic, urban, social and governance solutions proactively and at the speed demanded by this rapid renewal of knowledge. Effective assessment is important in these areas to ensure efforts are guided to achieve the objectives set. Following validation by a panel of 17 experts through an international Fuzzy Delphi survey, and 15 experts in the DEMATEL multi-criteria decision-making approach, this study builds a conceptual framework in four dimensions (Urban, Economic, Social and Governance), with a set of 37 indicators identified as relevant to assess performance in ID and the power of influences among them. The resulting multidimensional innovation assessment framework is a powerful tool, being useful in determining the key impact indicators of existing innovation districts.
Kilometer-Scale Multimodel and Multiphysics Ensemble Simulations of a Mesoscale Convective System in the Lee of the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Climate Simulations
Authors: Kukulies Julia , Prein Andreas F. , Curio Julia , Yu Hongyong , Chen Deliang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Kilometer-scale climate model simulations are useful tools to investigate past and future changes in extreme precipitation, particularly in mountain regions, where convection is influenced by complex topography and land–atmosphere interactions. In this study, we evaluate simulations of a flood-producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) downstream of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the Sichuan basin from a kilometer-scale multimodel and multiphysics ensemble. The aim is to better understand the physical processes that need to be correctly simulated for successfully capturing downstream MCS formation. We assess how the ensemble members simulate these processes and how sensitive the simulations are to different model configurations. The preceding vortex evolution over the TP, its interaction with the jet stream, and water vapor advection into the basin are identified as key processes for the MCS formation. Most modeling systems struggle to capture the interaction between the vortex and jet stream, and perturbing the model physics has little impact, while constraining the large-scale flow by spectral nudging improves the simulation. This suggests that an accurate representation of the large-scale forcing is crucial to correctly simulate the MCS and associated precipitation. To verify whether the identified shortcomings systematically affect the MCS climatology in longer-term simulations, we evaluate a 1-yr WRF simulation and find that the seasonal cycle and spatial distribution of MCSs are reasonably well captured and not improved by spectral nudging. While the simulations of the MCS case highlight challenges in extreme precipitation forecasting, we conclude that these challenges do not systematically affect simulated climatological MCS characteristics.

Significance Statement
Convective storm systems in mountain regions are not well understood, because the spatial resolution in conventional regional climate models is too coarse to resolve relevant processes. Here, we evaluate high-resolution climate model simulations of a storm system on the downwind side of the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding which models and model setups work well to represent this type of storm system is important because high-resolution models can help us understand mechanisms of storm formation in mountain regions and how climate change will affect these. A key finding is that most of the models struggle to capture the selected storm case, while a 1-yr simulation shows that the general statistics of storm systems around the Tibetan Plateau are still reasonably well captured.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Iatrogenic Genitourinary Injuries During a Proctectomy
Authors: Roskam Justin S. , Pourghaderi Poya , Soliman Sara S. , Chang Grace C. , Rolandelli Rolando H. , Nemeth Zoltan H. 
Published: June 2023

Background It is critical to avoid iatrogenic injuries affecting genitourinary organs in order to prevent postoperative urinary or sexual dysfunction, which lead to lengthier recovery and possibly reoperation. Methods Using the 2016-2019 American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Targeted Proctectomy Database, we collated 2577 patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer who underwent a laparoscopic or open proctectomy. Univariate analysis was used to identify differences in perioperative factors and genitourinary injuries (GUIs) between operative approaches, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for sustaining an intraoperative GUI. Results The rates of preoperative comorbidities were significantly higher among patients who received an open operation. The proportion of GUIs was also significantly higher in this patient population. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that patients who underwent a laparoscopic proctectomy were associated with a 51.4% lower risk of sustaining a GUI. Furthermore, >10% body weight loss in the past 6 months and ASA class 3 status were independently associated with a higher risk of GUI regardless of operation type. Conclusion Patients who undergo a laparoscopic proctectomy are associated with a lower risk of GUI. On the other hand, patients with >10% body weight loss and ASA class 3: Severe Systemic Disease were associated with a higher risk of GUI.
Undertriage of Severely Injured Trauma Patients
Authors: Anderson Kemp , Schellenberg Morgan , Owattanapanich Natthida , Dunkelberger Lindsey , Wong Monica D. , Morris Rachel S. , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: June 2023

Introduction The American College of Surgeons (ACS) delineates trauma team activation (TTA) criteria to identify seriously injured trauma patients in the field. Patients are deemed to be severely undertriaged (SU), placing them at risk for adverse outcomes, when they do not meet TTA criteria but nonetheless sustain significant injuries (Injury Severity Score [ISS] ≥25). Objectives Delineate patient demographics, injuries, and outcomes after SU. Participants Trauma patients presenting to our ACS-verified Level 1 trauma center with ISS ≥25 were included (11/2015-03/2022). Transfers and private vehicle transports were excluded. Patients were dichotomized and compared by trauma arrival level: TTA (Appropriately Triaged, AT) vs routine consults (SU). Results Study criteria were satisfied by 1653 patients: 1375 (83%) AT and 278 (17%) SU. Severely undertriaged patients were older than AT patients (47 vs 36 years, P < .001). Severely undertriaged occurred almost exclusively following blunt trauma (96% vs 71%, P < .001). Injury Severity Score was lower following SU than AT (29 vs 32, P < .001). The most common severe injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale score [AIS] ≥3) among the SU group were in the Chest (n = 179, 64%). Severely undertriaged patients necessitated emergent intubation (n = 34, 12%), surgery (n = 59, 21%), and angioembolization (n = 22, 8%) at high rates. Severely undertriaged mortality was n = 40, 14%. Conclusion Severely undertriaged occurred among a substantial proportion of ISS ≥25 patients, predominately following blunt trauma. Severe chest injuries were most likely to evade capture. Rates of intubation, emergent intervention, and in-hospital mortality were high after SU. Efforts should be made to identify such patients in the field as they may benefit from TTA.