bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shift in the Relationship Between Summer Extreme Humid‐Heat Events in Eastern China and Tropical Sea Surface Temperature in the Mid‐1990s
Authors: He Wenyue , Chen Huopo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe social losses associated with extreme humid‐heat events (EHHE) increased sharply in recent decades. This study has explored the changing relationship between EHHE in eastern China and tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Results show that the monopolar mode of EHHE is significantly associated with spring SST anomalies in Northwest Pacific (NWP) before the mid‐1990s, which can impact humid‐heat conditions in eastern China through an atmospheric meridional overturning circulation extending from NWP to eastern China. Then, the associated eastward shift of convection center after the mid‐1990s weakens connection between NWP SST anomalies and the monopolar mode. Further analysis reveals that the weakened Kelvin waves, induced by persistent SST anomalies from spring in tropical Indian Ocean after the mid‐1990s, cause the westward‐shifted anomalous convection in western Pacific, and then reinforce formation of the dipolar mode via exciting zonal wave trains. Numerical simulations via linear baroclinic model further validate atmospheric response to displacement of diabatic forcings.
Ground and Space (LEO) Based GNSS Ionospheric Detection Using Chapman Function Constraint
Authors: Li Jiangfeng , Zhu Yi , Feng Wei , Huang Dingfa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLimited by the number and location distribution of ground stations, the ground based ionospheric detection using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology suffers from low accuracy and poor reliability in some regions. To improve the performance of the global ionospheric model, this study combines the Continuously Operating Reference Station and the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite observation to conduct the ground and space‐based (G/SBased) joint ionospheric detection technique. With reference to the ionospheric radar data of the global ionospheric radio observatory, the performance of the G/SBased GNSS joint ionospheric detection technique was tested in quiet and disturbed geomagnetic environments. Results show that in the ground and space based joint mode, the distribution of ionospheric puncture points (IPPs) is uniform, thus effectively avoiding the problem of IPPs blank in the absence of ground stations. In the quiet geomagnetic environment, the ionospheric detection of the G/SBased joint mode has a remarkable performance improvement compared with the ground GNSS mode, with an average improvement of 55.51%. In the geomagnetically disturbed environment, the G/SBased joint mode still has high consistency with the ionospheric radar results, and the detection performance is better than that of the ground GNSS mode. This research shows that combining with ground GNSS and LEO satellite observation data can substantially provide the performance of GNSS ionospheric total electron content detection and can provide good data support for the construction of a global ionospheric refinement model.
Observations of Small‐Scale Magnetic Flux Ropes Associated With Significant Values of Partial Variance Increment Indices
Authors: Chen Yu , Hu Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe report recent findings for the magnetic field configurations of small‐scale magnetic flux ropes (SFRs) broadly defined and identified by using the Grad‐Shafranov‐based techniques for in situ measurements via the Parker Solar Probe (PSP), Solar Orbiter (SolO), and two Helios spacecraft. Since the current sheets were found to occur at boundaries of SFRs and/or inside SFRs at 1 AU via the partial variance increment (PVI) and the Grad‐Shafranov (GS) reconstruction technique by Pecora et al. (2019), https://doi.org/10.3847/2041‐8213/ab32d9, we further examine such a co‐existence in this study by assessing the maximum PVI indices within SFR intervals using the above four spacecraft observations throughout the inner heliosphere (1 AU). Less than 15% of SFRs have maximum PVI indices exceeding a threshold value of 6 that is used to indicate a current sheet structure. Three representative events are selected to explain the most common situations. (a) Current sheets occur at SFR boundaries and near the center. Each could be a weak switchback feature in the time‐series profile of the gradually bipolar magnetic field rotations. (b) An SFR configuration is confirmed by both the measurement of counterstreaming electrons and the GS reconstruction result, despite that a large PVI value occurs near the SFR center which is due to an arbitrary kink instead of a current sheet. (c) A current sheet is falsely identified as an SFR where a significant PVI value ( 7) occurs near the center. In the end, we discuss the necessity of using multi‐point spacecraft measurements to discern the structures associated with SFRs.
Observation and Reconstruction of Electron Vortex in Reconnection Outflow
Authors: Niu J. Q. , Wang Z. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Fu W. D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOn 27 January 2017, Magnetospheric Multi‐Scale observed a series of electron vortexes, which are driven by the electron Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) instability in the reconnection outflow at terrestrial magnetopause. We find the electron vorticity can reach above 200 s−1 inside the vortexes, which is comparable to the strong vorticity events in the electron diffusion region. Using the First‐Order Taylor Expansion for Velocity field method, we further reconstruct the 3D topology of two electron vortexes and find one vortex is converging while another vortex is diverging. Interestingly, enhancement of electron temperature was observed in the diverging vortex but not in the converging vortex, indicating electron dynamics is related to the vortex topology. Our study suggests that electron K‐H vortexes formed by the intense electron shear flow in the reconnection outflow have different types of topologies and will help us better understand the reconnection picture at the terrestrial magnetopause.
A broadly neutralizing antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5
Authors: Chen Zhe , Feng Leilei , Wang Lei , Zhang Li , Zheng Binyang , Fu Hua , Li Fengdi , Liu Ligai , Lv Qi , Deng Ran , Xu YanLi , Hu Yongfeng , Zheng Jianhua , Qin Chuan , Bao Linlin , Wang Xiangxi , Jin Qi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The global spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. (SARS-CoV-2) and its variant strains, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and now Omicron, pose a significant challenge. With the constant evolution of the virus, Omicron and its subtypes BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5 have developed the capacity to evade neutralization induced by previous vaccination or infection. This evasion highlights the urgency in discovering new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with neutralizing activity, especially broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), to combat the virus.In the current study, we introduced a fully human neutralizing mAb, CR9, that targets Omicron variants. We demonstrated the mAb’s effectiveness in inhibiting Omicron replication both in vitro and in vivo. Structural analysis using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) revealed that CR9 binds to an epitope formed by RBD residues, providing a molecular understanding of its neutralization mechanism. Given its potency and specificity, CR9 holds promise as a potential adjunct therapy for treating Omicron infections. Our findings highlight the importance of continuous mAb discovery and characterization in addressing the evolving threat of COVID-19.
Developing novel Lin28 inhibitors by computer aided drug design
Authors: Matias-Barrios Victor M. , Radaeva Mariia , Rosellinny Graciella , Jia Qiongqiong , Xie Ning , Villanueva Monica , Ibrahim Hanadi , Smith Jason , Gleave Martin , Lallous Nada , Straus Suzana K. , Cherkasov Artem , Dong Xuesen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lin28 is a key regulator of cancer stem cell gene network that promotes therapy-resistant tumor progression in various tumors. However, no Lin28 inhibitor has been approved to treat cancer patients, urging exploration of novel compounds as candidates to be tested for clinical trials. In this contribution, we applied computer-aided drug design (CADD) in combination with quantitative biochemical and biological assays. These efforts led to the discovery of Ln268 as a drug candidate that can block Lin28 from binding to its RNA substrates and inhibit Lin28 activities. Ln268 suppressed Lin28-mediated cancer cell proliferation and spheroid growth. Results from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that Ln268 perturbs the conformation of the zinc knuckle domain of Lin28, validating the rational drug design by CADD. The inhibitory effects of Ln268 are dependent on Lin28 protein expression in cancer cells, highlighting limited off-target effects of Ln268. Moreover, Ln268 synergizes with several chemotherapy drugs to suppress tumor cell growth. In summary, Ln268 is a promising candidate for further development to target Lin28 as a cancer therapy.
New insights into constitutive neutrophil death
Authors: Chen Tong , Ren Qian , Ma Fengxia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neutrophils undergo rapid aging and death known as constitutive or spontaneous death. Constitutive neutrophil death (CND) contributes to neutrophil homeostasis and inflammation resolution. CND has long been considered to be apoptotic until our findings reveal that it was a heterogeneous combination of diverse death. Furthermore, dead neutrophils retain functional roles via multiple manners. This review provides an overview of current research on the mechanism and modulation of CND. More noteworthy, we also summarize the after-death events of neutrophils. The fate of neutrophils can be changed under pathological conditions, so the involvement of CND in diseases and CND-related therapeutic strategies are also addressed.
Rice transcription factor bHLH25 confers resistance to multiple diseases by sensing H2O2
Authors: Liao Haicheng , Fang Yu , Yin Junjie , He Min , Wei Yingjie , Zhang Juan , Yong Shuang , Cha Jiankui , Song Li , Zhu Xiaobo , Chen Xixi , Kováč Ján , Hou Qingqing , Ma Zhaotang , Zhou Xiaogang , Chen Lin , Yumoto Emi , Yang Tian , He Qi , Li Wei , Deng Yixin , Li Haoxuan , Li Mingwu , Qing Hai , Zou Lijuan , Bi Yu , Liu Jiali , Yang Yihua , Ye Daihua , Tao Qi , Wang Long , Xiong Qing , Lu Xiang , Tang Yongyan , Li Ting , Ma Bingtian , Qin Peng , Li Yan , Wang Wenming , Qian Yangwen , Ďurkovič Jaroslav , Miyamoto Koji , Chern Mawsheng , Li Shigui , Li Weitao , Wang Jing , Chen Xuewei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a ubiquitous signal regulating many biological processes, including innate immunity, in all eukaryotes. However, it remains largely unknown that how transcription factors directly sense H2O2 in eukaryotes. Here, we report that rice basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor bHLH25 directly senses H2O2 to confer resistance to multiple diseases caused by fungi or bacteria. Upon pathogen attack, rice plants increase the production of H2O2, which directly oxidizes bHLH25 at methionine 256 in the nucleus. Oxidized bHLH25 represses miR397b expression to activate lignin biosynthesis for plant cell wall reinforcement, preventing pathogens from penetrating plant cells. Lignin biosynthesis consumes H2O2 causing accumulation of non-oxidized bHLH25. Non-oxidized bHLH25 switches to promote the expression of Copalyl Diphosphate Synthase 2 (CPS2), which increases phytoalexin biosynthesis to inhibit expansion of pathogens that escape into plants. This oxidization/non-oxidation status change of bHLH25 allows plants to maintain H2O2, lignin and phytoalexin at optimized levels to effectively fight against pathogens and prevents these three molecules from over-accumulation that harms plants. Thus, our discovery reveals a novel mechanism by which a single protein promotes two independent defense pathways against pathogens. Importantly, the bHLH25 orthologues from available plant genomes all contain a conserved M256-like methionine suggesting the broad existence of this mechanism in the plant kingdom. Moreover, this Met-oxidation mechanism may also be employed by other eukaryotic transcription factors to sense H2O2 to change functions.
The evolution of preferred male traits, female preference and the G matrix: “Toto, I’ve a feeling we’re not in Kansas anymore”
Authors: Roff Derek A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Female preference exerts selection on male traits. How such preferences affect male traits, how female preferences change and the genetic correlation between male traits and female preference were examined by an experiment in which females were either mated to males they preferred (S lines) or to males chosen at random from the population (R lines). Female preference was predicted to increase the time spent calling by males. Thirteen other song components were measured. Preference for individual traits was greatest for time spent calling(CALL), volume(VOL) and chirp rate(CHIRP) but the major contributors in the multivariate function were CALL and CHIRP, the univariate influence of VOL arising from correlations to these traits. Estimation of β, the standardized selection differential, for CALL resulting from female preference showed that it was under strong direct selection. However, contrary to prediction, CALL did not change over the course of the experiment whereas VOL, CHIRP and other song components did. Simulation of the experiment using the estimated G matrix showed that lack of change in CALL resulted from indirect genetic effects negating direct effects. Changes in song components were largely due to indirect effects. This experiment showed that female preference may exert strong selection on traits but how they respond to such selection will depend greatly upon the G matrix. As predicted, female preference declined in the R lines. The genetic correlations between preference and preferred traits did not decline significantly more in the R lines, suggesting correlations resulted from both linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy.
Integration of clinical, pathological, radiological, and transcriptomic data improves prediction for first-line immunotherapy outcome in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Captier Nicolas , Lerousseau Marvin , Orlhac Fanny , Hovhannisyan-Baghdasarian Narinée , Luporsi Marie , Woff Erwin , Lagha Sarah , Salamoun Feghali Paulette , Lonjou Christine , Beaulaton Clément , Zinovyev Andrei , Salmon Hélène , Walter Thomas , Buvat Irène , Girard Nicolas , Barillot Emmanuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Immunotherapy is improving the survival of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet reliable biomarkers are needed to identify responders prospectively and optimize patient care. In this study, we explore the benefits of multimodal approaches to predict immunotherapy outcome using multiple machine learning algorithms and integration strategies. We analyze baseline multimodal data from a cohort of 317 metastatic NSCLC patients treated with first-line immunotherapy, including positron emission tomography images, digitized pathological slides, bulk transcriptomic profiles, and clinical information. Testing multiple integration strategies, most of them yield multimodal models surpassing both the best unimodal models and established univariate biomarkers, such as PD-L1 expression. Additionally, several multimodal combinations demonstrate improved patient risk stratification compared to models built with routine clinical features only. Our study thus provides evidence of the superiority of multimodal over unimodal approaches, advocating for the collection of large multimodal NSCLC datasets to develop and validate robust and powerful immunotherapy biomarkers.
Challenges and opportunities for high-quality battery production at scale
Authors: Attia Peter M. , Moch Eric , Herring Patrick K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As the world electrifies, global battery production is expected to surge. However, batteries are both difficult to produce at the gigawatt-hour scale and sensitive to minor manufacturing variation. As a result, the battery industry has already experienced both highly-visible safety incidents and under-the-radar reliability issues—a trend that will only worsen if left unaddressed. Here we highlight both the challenges and opportunities to enable battery quality at scale. We first describe the interplay between various battery failure modes and their numerous root causes. We then discuss how to manage and improve battery quality during production. We hope our perspective brings greater visibility to the battery quality challenge to enable safe global electrification.
Neuronal dynamics of cerebellum and medial prefrontal cortex in adaptive motor timing
Authors: Ren Zhong , Wang Xiaolu , Angelov Milen , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Gao Zhenyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Precise temporal control of sensorimotor coordination and adaptation is a fundamental basis of animal behavior. How different brain regions are involved in regulating the flexible temporal adaptation remains elusive. Here, we investigated the neuronal dynamics of the cerebellar interposed nucleus (IpN) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons during temporal adaptation between delay eyeblink conditioning (DEC) and trace eyeblink conditioning (TEC). When mice were trained for either DEC or TEC and subsequently subjected to a new paradigm, their conditioned responses (CRs) adapted virtually instantaneously. Changes in the activity of the IpN neurons related to CR timing were prominent during DEC-to-TEC adaptation, but less so during TEC-to-DEC adaptation. In contrast, mPFC neurons could rapidly alter their modulation patterns during both adaptation paradigms. Accordingly, silencing the mPFC completely blocked the adaptation of CR timing. These results illustrate how cerebral and cerebellar mechanisms may play different roles during adaptive control of associative motor timing.
Tracking hydrothermal infiltration within light oil reservoirs using organic geochemical proxies in the Shunbei area of Tarim Basin in China
Authors: Gao Jian , Li Shaojie , Li Huan , Cao Zicheng , Li Huili , Geng Feng , Han Jun , Huang Cheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Deep oil reservoirs are becoming increasingly significant fields of hydrocarbon exploration in recent decades. Hydrothermal fluid flow is deemed as a potentially crucial factor affecting the occurrence of deep oil reservoirs, such as enhancing porosity/permeability of reservoirs, accelerating oil generation and thermal cracking, and modifying organic properties of crude oils. Understanding the interplay between hydrothermal fluids and crude oils would provide useful constraints for reconstructing hydrocarbon accumulation processes and predicting the distribution patterns of crude oils. Voluminous crude oils have been discovered in the deeply buried Ordovician carbonate reservoirs within the Shunbei area of the northern Tarim Basin. Previous studies revealed that the Early Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province (LIP) has affected the Shunbei area, whereas it is still debated whether the LIP-related hydrothermal infiltration affected hydrocarbons within the Ordovician reservoirs. To resolve this puzzle, this study was designed to unravel the potential thermal impact of hydrothermal infiltration on hydrocarbons according to molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions of oils and associated natural gases, reflectance analysis of solid bitumen, and fluid inclusion thermometry. The studied crude oils are characterized by uniform organic indicators of paraffin, terpanes, steranes, and light hydrocarbons, implying that crude oils are derived from the same source rock. Genetic binary diagrams, such as dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene (DBT/P) vs. Pr/Ph (pristane/phytane), Pr/n-C17 alkane vs. Ph/n-C18 alkane, C31R/C30hopane vs. C26/C25tricyclic terpane (TT), and C24/C23 TT vs. C22/C21 TT, indicate that marine shales deposited in a reducing-weakly oxidized environment are major source rocks. Natural gases are associated with oil reservoirs and are mainly generated via the decomposition of kerogen and crude oil. Solid bitumen with abnormally high reflectance values (2.17–2.20%) occurred in the studied area, suggesting their formation temperatures were 252–254 °C. The abnormally high temperatures may be caused by hydrothermal infiltration related to the Tarim LIP. Hydrothermal infiltration is supported by the presence of high contents of CO2 (30–48%) with enriched δ13C ratios (between − 2.5‰ and − 2.3‰), enriched n-alkane δ13C ratios, and incongruent temperatures estimated by multiple indicators, such as light hydrocarbon compositions, homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions, and bitumen reflectance. Outcomes of this study support the interpretation that hydrothermal infiltration indeed occurred and may have facilitated hydrocarbon generation in the Shunbei area, and possibly elsewhere in the cratonic regions of the northern Tarim Basin.
Static and dynamic Raman excitation mapping of chirality-pure carbon nanotube films
Authors: Finnie Paul , Ouyang Jianying , Fagan Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for probing electronic and vibrational properties of materials, particularly nanomaterials such as single-wall carbon nanotubes. Typically, Raman spectroscopy is conducted at a single, or few, excitation wavelengths, but that provides limited information about excitation resonance structure, and their dynamical evolution. Here, we extend a sensitive full-spectrum technique to rapidly obtain two-dimensional Raman excitation maps both statically and dynamically for chirality-pure single-wall carbon nanotube films. We demonstrate sensitive evaluation of structured resonance profiles even from weak vibrational modes, and sub-second time resolution of the dynamics of photo-driven defect production. Findings include the direct observation of bands and their profiles – including bands which could be missed in conventional Raman spectroscopy - and demonstration of differences for odd vs. even defect band combinations. This opens up possibilities to investigate the coupling of electronic states with vibrational modes in nanomaterials and track their dynamical evolution subject to intentional modulation.
Copper-Catalyzed Unconventional Reactivities of Propargylic Esters
Authors: Yang Shuang , Fang Xinqiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPropargyl esters, known for their reactivities in nucleophilic substitution and substitution–annulation reactions, have been extensively studied and summarized in a range of reviews. However, there is a notable lack of comprehensive comment on their unconventional reactivities. This review aims to bridge this gap by showcasing the versatility and potential of propargyl esters in enabling unconventional reaction patterns mediated by copper catalysts. Each reaction type is discussed in detail, with emphasis on the mechanisms and reaction conditions. We hope that this review will inspire the discovery of more new reaction modes of propargyl esters and provide new tools for the synthesis of related complex bioactive compounds.1	Introduction2	Reactions of Terminal Propargylic Esters3	Reactions of Internal Propargylic Esters4	Conclusion