bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Curious Boy
Authors: Sloan John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lang grew up in the historic county town of Selkirk in the Scottish Borders, where his father and, before that, his grandfather, a friend of Sir Walter Scott, held office as sheriff-clerk at the county courthouse. Lang’s family were High Church Episcopalians in a Presbyterian community, which affected his views of religious difference throughout his life. Lang’s mother was from the Highlands. His maternal grandfather, Patrick Sellar, was the target of attack from the press for his brutal part in the Sutherland Clearances. As a child, Lang saw much of life beyond Selkirk. He spent a year in England, in the spa town of Clifton, near Bristol, and travelling in Scotland, he visited his grandfather’s Highland estates and relatives in North East Scotland, where he heard stories of Jacobite forebears and folk tales in broad Scots. He was a precocious reader of fiction and non-fiction, and astonished people with his prodigious memory for facts and out-of-the-way information. He was sent, aged 10, to Edinburgh Academy, where he grew to love Homer and to develop literary ambitions. At 17, he enrolled at St Andrews University, where his uncle, William Young Sellar, was Professor of Greek.
The Last Cast
Authors: Sloan John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The final years of Lang’s life showed no slackening of his activities or productivity as a writer. He made up for the loss of Longman’s Magazine by writing fiction and accepting commissions, while, on the scholarly side, he set about saying his last on long-contested issues: on the unity of Homer’s epics from archaeological evidence, on the fallacies of Frazer’s theories on totemism and exogamy, and on Joan of Arc. Lecturing on ‘Homer and Anthropology’ at Oxford, he urged the university to give the same support to anthropology as Cambridge. Controversial to the last, Lang followed up his History of Scotland by arguing that religious conflict, not economic progress or the development of constitutional government, made Scotland’s union with England inevitable. In 1908, The Book of Princes and Princesses was the first of the Langs’ annual anthologies for young people to have Nora’s name as sole author on the cover. In 1911, Lang agreed to serve as President of the SPR, hoping to extend its research to the field of cultural anthropology, but he resisted efforts to get him to stand as Oxford Professor of Poetry. Failing in health, and going blind in one eye, Lang continued working to the end, answering those who accused him of publishing lies on John Knox and the Scottish Reformation in a series of lectures at Glasgow University on ‘The Making of Scotland Presbyterian’ and completing a History of English Literature.
Review of Jacob Bronowski and Bruce Mazlish, The Western Intellectual Tradition (London: Hutchinson, 1960)
Authors: Wight Martin , YOST DAVID S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This “lively, competent, serviceable introduction” to the history of political and scientific ideas exhibits significant “blemishes.” First, it labors under mistaken impressions. The reader “may need to be warned that Socrates did not write dialogues, that the Middle Ages did not believe that “men cannot develop, and have nothing in them which is personal and creative,”… that there was virtually no serfdom in western Europe in the eighteenth century, [and] that George III was not “determined to impose an absolute rule on America as on England.” Second, the book’s omissions are grave. “This is an intellectual history from which we learn nothing of the importance of the Jesuits, Hooker, Grotius, Spinoza, the Bollandists, Richard Simon, Leibniz, Vico, Swift, Lessing, Herder, Coleridge, and which neglects the Counter-Reformation, the transition from natural law as a norma agendi to natural right as a facultas agendi, the quarrel of the ancients and moderns, and the origins of the idea of progress.” Third, the book is “conventional” in its ideas, with praises for merit distributed to thinkers who represent the march forward to currently favored social themes. “The Western intellectual tradition has produced another kind of history-writing, which does not judge the past by its contribution to the present, awarding marks to forward-looking minds, and which can extend the same sympathy to Pascal and Burke as to Bayle and Rousseau, because it regards every generation as equidistant from eternity.”
Review of Denis Mack Smith, Cavour and Garibaldi 1860: A Study in Political Conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954)
Authors: Wight Martin , YOST DAVID S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wight wrote, “In April 1860, Garibaldi, a Piedmontese subject, invaded the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies with a band of volunteers, and in six months had conquered it in the name of the Piedmontese king… It has usually been thought that the Piedmontese premier, Cavour, connived at and guided this adventure: a model of aggression by proxy. Mr. Mack Smith’s fascinating book shows that this is what Cavour in the end wanted to be believed, but that the truth is more complex.… In the last analysis his aim was not the political revolution of Italian unity, but preventing the social revolution touched off by the Red-shirts. Garibaldi was not Cavour’s instrument, but a dangerous rival whom it took all his skill to control.… Mr. Mack Smith delicately adjusts the balance between the two architects of the Kingdom of Italy and has thereby caused some scandal among Italian historians. His judgment is perfectly poised, but his sympathy is with Garibaldi.… At least he would have done better than the Piedmontese administrators who replaced him, for he knew how to evoke the enthusiasm and self-sacrifice of the common people in the cause of united ltaly… The harshness and bad faith with which the Piedmontese system was imposed on the Two Sicilies gave the Kingdom of Italy a fundamental instability, which is still perhaps the greatest problem of the Italian Republic.”
Review of A. J. P. Taylor, Rumours of Wars (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1953)
Authors: Wight Martin , YOST DAVID S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wight rated Taylor’s achievements highly: “With the exception of Sir Charles Webster, he is our most distinguished international historian, the one who offers the most creative interpretation of the European balance of power and of the tensions and limitations of diplomacy.” Taylor’s “admirably sympathetic judgement on Bismarck’s political principles” stands in tension, Wight noted, with Taylor’s “adherence to the Gladstonian tradition of idealism.” In Wight’s view, this contrast is “not inconsistency on Mr. Taylor’s part; it is the capacity to evaluate by several standards that is demanded by the complex nature of international politics.” Wight acknowledged that Taylor was “occasionally wrong-headed,” exhibiting, for example, “an insular prejudice against the Americans,” and “a warm feeling towards Russia mainly because Russia has been Britain’s traditional ally against Napoleon and the Germans.” Taylor defined history as “primarily communication, a form of literature.… The historian does not only deal with men; he is a man himself, and nothing will turn him into a technician.” In other words, Wight concluded, Taylor rejected “the Butterfield doctrine of an impartial technical history.… Taylor is distinguished from so many professional historians by possessing not only a trenchant style but also a historiographical personality. This is the reason why he is so readable and worth reading.”
No End to the Work?
Authors: Godden Richard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Taking the expulsion and extension of a desired abuser as the primal scene of each of Phillips’ first three novels, I find its source in the regional distinctiveness of Phillips’ West Virginia, understood as part of a separate Southern labor market, ceasing to be a distinctive economic entity during the 50s and 60s (Phillips’ focal decades). Using the Marx of Grundrisse, on the “unevenness” of “formal subsumption,” the chapter locates Phillips’ fascination for “desired abuse,” through which a daughter “secretly” retains a blue-collar father and his receding country, as evidencing the force of Raymond Williams’ insistence that an economy is never one thing. Phillips’ preferred objects (“remainders” [Harry Harootunian]), read as sites of contested social practice and class antagonism, express the historical unevenness of capitalist development. Phillips grants access to such things via her use of free indirect discourse, a narrative form that promotes attention to two voices in one, an “oscillation” (Deleuze) that involves a formal capacity to hear “sounds … hidden under other sounds” (Shelter), as those sounds arise from and reach toward the historically uneven materiality of Southern things.
The Study of Identification
Authors: Ready Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInvolving far more than seeing through the eyes of a character, identification with characters has several components and can take several forms, such as cognitive, emotional, and motivational identification. Researchers outside classical studies find various factors lying behind identification, from similarity in attitudes between character and recipient to perceptions of a narrative’s realism, from descriptions of settings to the foregrounding of a character’s perspective. Ancient critics discuss issues relevant to what we call identification. They discern, for instance, recipients’ emotional connections with characters as well as their propensity to root for a character to achieve their goals. They also stress the importance of similarity between character and recipient and of recipients’ belief that a narrative is realistic. We should use the terms “character,” “emotion,” and “emotional identification” responsibly; we should be comfortable speaking of modern recipients experiencing emotional identification with Homeric characters.
Content and Form
Authors: Ready Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Iliad prompts immersion by focusing on the characters’ inner lives. Mind reading is one way we delve into inner lives, and the scholarly propensity to mind read the Iliad’s characters suggests the ubiquity of this kind of engagement among recipients. Conversely, the Iliad prompts immersion by leading audience members to think about themselves (self-referencing) and their own memories. Similarly, audience members’ knowledge of the poet’s compositional mechanisms, from formula to scripts, helps them feel immersed. Immersion can also arise not just in relation to the storyworld but in response to the formal components of the poetry. The numerous studies of the formal aspects of Homeric poetry should be aligned with this observation.
La Belle Juive, or “Jew”?
Authors: Anthony David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 analyzes the popular figure of the Jewess in antebellum culture. As received from European models like Rebecca in Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe (1819), the cultural role of the Jewess was to mark a clear distinction between herself and her Old World father. Whether this is achieved through conversion, self-exile, or death, la belle juive assuages cultural confusion and ambivalence, and is thus quite different from the “Jew.” This chapter focuses on two examples of Jewish women who blur the distinction between Jew and Jewess in the antebellum US. The first is French actress Rachel Félix, who toured America to much acclaim and controversy in 1855. The second is Miriam Schaefer, the Jewish heroine of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Marble Faun (1860). In each case, the Jewess troubles two crucial cultural boundaries: that between norms of proper and improper forms of femininity, and that between high culture and the more debased, commercialized, and violent world of mass-culture sensationalism.
Epilogue
Authors: Bollard Alan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this final chapter, the ideological skirmishes of the selected economists during the Cold War draw together, and their arguments provide economic ammunition and camouflage in the battle for ideas. The contributions of all the seven profiled economists are placed in the setting of one of the Cold War’s biggest ideological battlefields—Santiago. When Salvatore Allende was elected, he tried to reform the Chilean economy with nationalization on socialist principles but with a modern twist—implementing a new technical control mechanism called ‘Cybersyn’, which promised to by-pass market prices. But a military coup by General Pinochet, with US support, violently turned Chile back into a free market economy, advised by Chicago economists.
Eliciting Pension Beneficiaries’ Sustainability Preferences: Why and How?
Authors: Bauer Rob M.M.J. , Smeets Paul M.A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We explore whether beneficiaries of pension plans should have a voice in their funds’ sustainable investments, and we hypothesize that the answer to this question depends on funds’ legal and societal contexts, benchmarking pressures, and fund-specific factors such as fund size and board composition. Only in a very limited number of funds do we find that the ultimate owners of the entrusted investments have direct involvement in decisions. Nevertheless, it is becoming increasingly clear that pension funds cannot simply ignore the many calls for action by substantial parts of their membership. In response, some pension funds have started a dialogue with their participants, mainly using survey instruments. We provide an example of a fund that gave its participants a real vote, while avoiding the pitfalls that come with hypothetical surveys on individual preferences.
Text and Textuality in Early Medieval Iberia
Authors: Barrett Graham 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This book is a study of the functions and conceptions of writing and reading, documentation and archives, and the role of literate authorities in the Christian kingdoms of the northern Iberian Peninsula between the Muslim conquest of 711 and the fall of the Islamic caliphate at Córdoba in 1031. Based on the first complete survey of the over 4,000 surviving Latin charters from the period, it is an essay in the archaeology and biography of text: part one concerns materiality, tracing the lifecycle of charters from initiation and composition to preservation and reuse, while part two addresses connectivity, delineating a network of texts through painstaking identification of more than 2,000 citations of other charters, secular and canon law, the Bible, liturgy, and monastic rules. Few may have been able to read or write, yet the extent of textuality was broad and deep, in the authority conferred upon text and the arrangements made to use it. Via charter and scribe, society and social arrangements came increasingly to be influenced by norms originating from a network of texts. By profiling the intersection and interaction of text with society and culture, this book reconstructs textuality, how the authority of the written and the structures to access it framed and constrained actions and cultural norms, and proposes a new model of early medieval reading. As they cited other texts, charters circulated fragments of those texts; we must rethink the relationship of sources and audiences to reflect fragmentary transmission, in a textuality of imperfect knowledge.
Trading Incas
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In 1822 the South American patriot José de San Martín sent an “Inca mummy” from Lima to the British Museum, initiating a century of the international collection of the “ancient Peruvian” and Andean dead. This chapter shows how these collections began with Peruvian independence and the relaxation of laws surrounding huaqueo (tomb-raiding). Peruvian grave-openers and scholars built museums around Andean mummies as scientific symbols of embalming and recovered sovereignty. They collaborated with foreign collectors in the excavation and export of the Andean dead, whose bodies and artifacts became mobile laboratories for the dissection of precolonial Peruvian history, anatomy, civilization, and the desiccating natural resources that preserved them. Debate centered on whether Peruvian mummification was “artificial” or “natural,” implying different levels of civilization. These efforts helped empty Andean cemeteries along the coast, but revealed surviving Andean understandings of the dead as spiritually powerful. Some highland communities paraded the dead once again.
The Sociedad Cultural Nuestro Tiempo
Authors: Quevedo Marysol 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses Cuban composers who were active in the Sociedad Cultural Nuestro Tiempo (SCNT) throughout the 1950s. The SCNT evolved out of the music-centered Sociedad Amadeo Roldán once composers began expanding their activities to include collaborations with artists in other fields. SCNT activities also coincided with a decade of political radicalization that reflected a leftist political agenda, presaged the ensuing Revolution, and led to the SCNT’s member’s persecution by Batista’s regime. The overlap in political and social ideology of SCNT members with that of the revolutionary leaders positioned SCNT members as leaders of the post-1959 cultural organizations. This chapter examines several collaborations and events that demonstrate the SCNT composers’ efforts in creating art that was Cuban and modern, of, in their words, “our time.” Case studies include Edgardo Martín’s Cuatro Fugas as choreographed by the Ballet Nacional, Juan Blanco’s Quinteto No. 1 and film score for El Mégano, and Harold Gramatges’s Tres preludios a modo de toccata.
A Decade of Revolution and Experimentation in Music
Authors: Quevedo Marysol 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores how Cuban composers affected and maneuvered dramatic shifts in international artistic networks after the 1959 Revolution and the consequent changes in their aesthetic and compositional preferences. It begins with a discussion of political and economic changes in Cuba in the early years of the Revolution and their impact on the classical music scene. Juan Blanco’s report on a visit to Cuba by Soviet and East German composers and musicologists sheds light on the tensions and conflicts between the Cuban composers and their Eastern European socialist counterparts. In the early years of the Revolution a socialist and revolutionary discourse regarding the arts emerged, one in which innovation, vanguardismo, socialism, and Cubanness gained importance and acquired new meanings. This chapter then shifts to discussing specific developments in the Cuban classical music scene via several defining moments: the 1962 Latin American Music Festival, the 1964 concerts of experimental and electronic music at the UNEAC, and the OSN’s October 1969 concert of orchestral experimental works. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the mixed opinions on avant-garde and experimental music among Cuban composers at the close of the decade—citing a book by José Ardévol and a pair of essays by Leo Brouwer—setting the stage for the following chapter on the institutionalization and centralization of culture and the arts in Cuba in the 1970s.
Lifting the Chains
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lifting the Chains: The Black Freedom Struggle in Americas Since Reconstruction discusses the history of the Black experience in America since the Civil War. Using scores of oral history interviews with Black activists conducted over the last fifty years by Duke scholars, as well as traditional written sources, it argues that the long battle against racism in America was carried forward primarily by Black Americans through their churches, civil rights organizations, and community activist groups. Despite repeated defeats, culminating with the era of Jim Crow and disenfranchisement in the early 20th century, Black insurgents persisted, and aided by the changes wrought by their involvement in World War II, the civil rights movement of the 1940s, 50s, and 60s struggled to reshape America. The book elaborates on this struggle, the relationship between political equality and economic equality, and what remains to be achieved before the promises of the Declaration of Independence can be realized.
The Twilight Years, 1877–1898
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers African Americans’ efforts to strengthen their institutional and community life despite the resurgence of white control in 1877. Black Americans sought to enhance their own internal communities even as they persisted in probing the system of white social control while striving to rekindle the drive for freedom. The annual celebration of Emancipation, Juneteenth, recalled the sense of communal joy that accompanied the dawn of freedom, while reminding people of how far African Americans still had to go to redeem the promise of liberation. The chapter explains that Black people continued their struggle for freedom by refusing to accept white definitions of their rights and opportunities.
Education and Work
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter elaborates on the struggles of Black people in negotiating for better work and education. It acknowledges the constant tension of Black life in the age of Jim Crow. Black people needed to constantly seek a middle ground that would allow progress toward their collective goals and simultaneously avoid alienating white people who governed their fate. The chapter focuses on how Jim Crow laws created categories that made open economic advancement impossible since the laws presumed the structure of white power, while most Black people worked as servants. After Jim Crow deprived Black people forever of the right to participate in politics, every activity of Black Southerners concerning white Southerners would turn out to be political.
Politics and Resistance
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into politics and resistance from 1900 until World War I. It considers the notion of segregation to be the bastion of white supremacy. Despite the difficulties of being denied citizenship rights, without recourse to the ballot box, and under constant threat, Black Americans persisted in defending their communities and working to advance their dignity and their rights. During the worst years of Jim Crow, Black Southerners still found ways to sustain and nourish their democratic aspirations. The chapter clarifies that there was no single course of action in responding to Jim Crow; rather resistance had to be according to local circumstances.
Who Was Nietzsche’s Genealogist?
Authors: Millgram Elijah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals is enormously and insistently absent-minded, and the book makes sense only once you see it as presenting you with its author, and making a point about him. The “Genealogist” is an intellectual, and intellectuals manage to pretend, to themselves and others, that they are rigorously consistent by simply forgetting what they previously thought. The portrait serves as the launch pad for Nietzsche’s subversive account of ethics.