bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing coastline recession for adaptation planning: sea level rise versus storm erosion
Authors: Ranasinghe Roshanka , Callaghan David P. , Li Fan , Wainwright David J. , Duong Trang Minh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Sixth Assessment report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states with high confidence that most sandy coasts around the world will experience an increase in coastal erosion over the twenty-first century. An increase in long term coastal erosion (coastline recession) along sandy coasts can translate into massive socio-economic impacts, unless appropriate adaptation measures are implemented in the next few decades. To adequately inform adaptation measures, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the relative importance of the physical processes driving coastline recession, as well as of linkages between consideration (or not) of certain processes and the level of risk tolerance; understandings that are hitherto lacking. Here, we apply the multi-scale Probabilistic Coastline Recession (PCR) model to two end-member sandy coastal types (swell dominated and storm dominated), to investigate where and when coastline recession projections are dominated by the differential contributions from Sea Level Rise (SLR) and storm erosion. Results show that SLR substantially increases the projected end-century recession at both types of coasts and that projected changes in the wave climate have only a marginal impact. An analysis of the Process Dominance Ratio (PDR), introduced here, shows that the dominance of storm erosion over SLR (and vice versa) on total recession by 2100 depends on both the type of the beach and the risk tolerance levels. For moderately risk-averse decisions (i.e. decisions accounting only for high exceedance probability recessions and hence do not account for very high amounts of potential recession—for example, the placement of temporary summer beach cabins), additional erosion due to SLR can be considered as the dominant driver of end-century recession at both types of beaches. However, for more risk-averse decisions that would typically account for higher potential recession (i.e. lower exceedance probability recessions), such as the placement of coastal infrastructure, multi-storey apartment buildings etc., storm erosion becomes the dominant process. The results of this study provide new insights on which physical processes need to be considered when and where in terms of numerical modelling efforts needed for supporting different management decisions, potentially enabling more streamlined and comprehensive assessments of the efficacy of coastal adaptation measures.
Selecting optimal support grids for super-resolution cryogenic correlated light and electron microscopy
Authors: Last Mart G. F. , Tuijtel Maarten W. , Voortman Lenard M. , Sharp Thomas H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy are two popular and ever improving methods for high-resolution imaging of biological samples. In recent years, the combination of these two techniques into one correlated workflow has gained attention as a promising route towards contextualizing and enriching cryo-TEM imagery. A problem that is often encountered in the combination of these methods is that of light-induced damage to the sample during fluorescence imaging that renders the sample structure unsuitable for TEM imaging. In this paper, we describe how absorption of light by TEM sample support grids leads to sample damage, and we systematically explore the importance of parameters of grid design. We explain how, by changing the grid geometry and materials, one can increase the maximum illumination power density in fluorescence microscopy by up to an order of magnitude. Finally, we demonstrate the significant improvements in super-resolution image quality that are enabled by the selection of support grids that are optimally suited for correlated cryo-microscopy.
Effects of human activities on Sericinus montela and its host plant Aristolochia contorta
Authors: Park Si-Hyun , Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Jae Geun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSericinus montela,a globally threatened butterfly species, feeds exclusively onAristolochia contorta(Northern pipevine).Field surveys and glasshouse experiments were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the two species. Interviews with the persons concerned withA. contortawere conducted to collect information about the site management measures. We found that management practices to control invasive species and manage the riverine areas might reduce the coverage ofA. contortaand the number of eggs and larvae ofS. montela. Our results indicated that the degraded quality ofA. contortamay result in a decrease inS. montelapopulations by diminishing their food source and spawning sites. This study implies that ecological management in the riverine area should be set up to protect rare species and biodiversity.
Diagnostic value of two-time point [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in the primary staging of untreated prostate cancer
Authors: Weitzer Friedrich , Pernthaler Birgit , Plhak Elisabeth , Riedl Regina , Aigner Reingard Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe emerging PET tracer [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 has been established for staging in prostate cancer (PCa). Aim was to determine the value of early static imaging in two-phase PET/CT. 100 men with newly diagnosed histopathologically confirmed untreated PCa who underwent [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT from January 2017 to October 2019 were included. The two-phase imaging protocol consisted of an early static scan of the pelvis (6 min p.i.) and a late total-body scan (60 min p.i). Associations of semi-quantitative parameters derived via volumes of interest (VOI) with Gleason grade group and PSA were investigated. In 94/100 patients (94%) the primary tumor was detected in both phases. In 29/100 patients (29%) metastases were detected at a median PSA level of 32.2 ng/ml (0.41–503 ng/ml). In 71/100 patients (71%) without metastasis a median PSA level of 10.1 ng/ml (0.57–103 ng/ml) was observed (p = < 0.001). Primary tumors demonstrated a median standard uptake value maximum (SUVmax) of 8.2 (3.1–45.3) in early phase versus 12.2 (3.1–73.4) in late phase and a median standard uptake value mean (SUVmean) of 4.2 (1.6–24.1) in early phase versus 5.8 (1.6–39.9) in late phase, significantly increasing over time (p = < 0.001). Higher SUVmax and SUVmean were associated with higher Gleason grade group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively) and higher PSA levels (p = < 0.001). In 13/100 patients the semi-quantitative parameters including SUVmax were declining in the late phase compared to early phase. Two-phase [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT demonstrates a high detection rate for primary tumor of untreated PCa of 94% and improves diagnostic accuracy. Higher PSA levels and Gleason grade group are associated with higher semi-quantitative parameters in the primary tumor. Early imaging provides additional information in a small sub-group with declining semi-quantitative parameters in the late phase.
Abundance does not predict extinction risk in the fossil record of marine plankton
Authors: Trubovitz Sarah , Renaudie Johan , Lazarus David , Noble Paula J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA major premise of ecological neutral theory is that population size is inversely related to extinction risk. This idea is central to modern biodiversity conservation efforts, which often rely on abundance metrics to partially determine species extinction risk. However, limited empirical studies have tested whether extinction is indeed more probable for species with low abundances. Here we use the fossil record of Neogene radiolaria to test the relationship between relative abundance and longevity (time from first to last occurrence). Our dataset includes abundance histories for 189 polycystine radiolarian species from the Southern Ocean, and 101 species from the tropical Pacific. Using linear regression analyses, we show that neither maximum nor average relative abundance are significant predictors of longevity in either oceanographic region. This suggests that neutral theory fails to explain the plankton ecological-evolutionary dynamics we observe. Extrinsic factors are likely more important than neutral dynamics in controlling radiolarian extinction.
Metabolic landscape of the male mouse gut identifies different niches determined by microbial activities
Authors: Meier Karin H. U. , Trouillon Julian , Li Hai , Lang Melanie , Fuhrer Tobias , Zamboni Nicola , Sunagawa Shinichi , Macpherson Andrew J. , Sauer Uwe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDistinct niches of the mammalian gut are populated by diverse microbiota, but the contribution of spatial variation to intestinal metabolism remains unclear. Here we present a map of the longitudinal metabolome along the gut of healthy colonized and germ-free male mice. With this map, we reveal a general shift from amino acids in the small intestine to organic acids, vitamins and nucleotides in the large intestine. We compare the metabolic landscapes in colonized versus germ-free mice to disentangle the origin of many metabolites in different niches, which in some cases allows us to infer the underlying processes or identify the producing species. Beyond the known impact of diet on the small intestinal metabolic niche, distinct spatial patterns suggest specific microbial influence on the metabolome in the small intestine. Thus, we present a map of intestinal metabolism and identify metabolite–microbe associations, which provide a basis to connect the spatial occurrence of bioactive compounds to host or microorganism metabolism.
Recent decreases in snow water storage in western North America
Authors: Hale Katherine E. , Jennings Keith S. , Musselman Keith N. , Livneh Ben , Molotch Noah P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMountain snowpacks act as natural water towers, storing winter precipitation until summer months when downstream water demand is greatest. We introduce a Snow Storage Index (SSI), representing the temporal phase difference between daily precipitation and surface water inputs—sum of rainfall and snowmelt into terrestrial systems—weighted by relative magnitudes. Different from snow water equivalent or snow fraction, the SSI represents the degree to which the snowpack delays the timing and magnitude of surface water inputs relative to precipitation, a fundamental component of how snow water storage influences the hydrologic cycle. In western North America, annual SSI has decreased (p < 0.05) from 1950–2013 in over 25% of mountainous areas, as a result of substantially earlier snowmelt and rainfall in spring months, with additional declines in winter precipitation. The SSI and associated trends offer a new perspective on hydrologic sensitivity to climate change which have broad implications for water resources and ecosystems.
Current availability and distribution of Congo Basin’s freshwater resources
Authors: Tourian Mohammad J. , Papa Fabrice , Elmi Omid , Sneeuw Nico , Kitambo Benjamin , Tshimanga Raphael M. , Paris Adrien , Calmant Stéphane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Congo Basin is of global significance for biodiversity and the water and carbon cycles. However, its freshwater availability and distribution remain relatively unknown. Using satellite data, here we show that currently the Congo Basin’s Total Drainable Water Storage lies within a range of 476 km3to 502 km3, unevenly distributed throughout the region, with 63% being stored in the southernmost sub-basins, Kasaï (220–228 km3) and Lualaba (109–169 km3), while the northern sub-basins contribute only 173 ± 8 km3. We further estimate the hydraulic time constant for draining its entire water storage to be 4.3 ± 0.1 months, but, regionally, permanent wetlands and large lakes act as resistors resulting in greater time constants of up to 105 ± 3 months. Our estimate provides a robust basis to address the challenges of water demand for 120 million inhabitants, a population expected to double in a few decades.
A multi‐modal clustering method for traditional Chinese medicine clinical data via media convergence
Authors: Si Jingna , Tian Ziwei , Li Dongmei , Zhang Lei , Yao Lei , Jiang Wenjuan , Liu Jia , Zhang Runshun , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMedia convergence is a media change led by technological innovation. Applying media convergence technology to the study of clustering in Chinese medicine can significantly exploit the advantages of media fusion. Obtaining consistent and complementary information among multiple modalities through media convergence can provide technical support for clustering. This article presents an approach based on Media Convergence and Graph convolution Encoder Clustering (MCGEC) for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical data. It feeds modal information and graph structure from media information into a multi‐modal graph convolution encoder to obtain the media feature representation learnt from multiple modalities. MCGEC captures latent information from various modalities by fusion and optimises the feature representations and network architecture with learnt clustering labels. The experiment is conducted on real‐world multi‐modal TCM clinical data, including information like images and text. MCGEC has improved clustering results compared to the generic single‐modal clustering methods and the current more advanced multi‐modal clustering methods. MCGEC applied to TCM clinical datasets can achieve better results. Integrating multimedia features into clustering algorithms offers significant benefits compared to single‐modal clustering approaches that simply concatenate features from different modalities. It provides practical technical support for multi‐modal clustering in the TCM field incorporating multimedia features.
A hidden population of white dwarfs with atmospheric carbon traces in the Gaia bifurcation
Authors: Camisassa Maria , Torres Santiago , Hollands Mark , Koester Detlev , Raddi Roberto , Althaus Leandro G. , Rebassa-Mansergas Alberto 
Published: May 2023

Context. The high-quality photometric and astrometric capabilities of the ESA Gaia space mission have revealed a bifurcation of the white dwarf sequence on the color magnitude diagram with two branches: A and B. While the A branch consists mostly of white dwarfs with hydrogen(H)-rich atmospheres, the B branch is not completely understood. Although it has been proposed that the B branch is populated mainly by helium (He)-rich white dwarfs, this branch overlaps with a ∼0.8 M⊙ evolutionary track with a pure He envelope, which would imply an unexpected peak in the white dwarf mass distribution.
Aims. In cold He-rich white dwarfs, it is expected that the outer convective zone penetrates into deep carbon (C) -rich layers, leading to a slight C contamination in their surfaces at ∼10 000 K. In this paper we aim to study the Gaia bifurcation as the natural consequence of C dredge-up by convection in cold He-dominated white dwarfs.
Methods. Relying on accurate atmosphere models, we provide a new set of evolutionary models for He-rich white dwarfs, which employ different prescriptions for the C enrichment. On the basis of these models, we carried out a population synthesis study of the Gaia 100 pc white dwarf sample to constrain the models that best fit the bifurcation.
Results. Our study shows that He-rich white dwarf models with a slight C contamination below the optical detection limit can accurately reproduce the Gaia bifurcation. We refer to these stars as “stealth DQ” white dwarfs because they do not exhibit detectable C signatures in their optical spectra, but the presence of C in their atmosphere produces a continuum absorption favoring the emission in bluer wavelengths, thereby creating the B branch of the bifurcation. Furthermore, our study shows that the white dwarf mass distribution obtained when a stealth C contamination is taken into account presents a peak at ∼0.6 M⊙, which is consistent with the mass distribution for H-rich white dwarfs and with the standard evolutionary channels for their formation.
Conclusions. We conclude that stealth DQ white dwarfs can account for the lower branch in the Gaia bifurcation. The C signatures of these stars could be detectable in ultraviolet (UV) spectra.
Oleander torimaki für Tier und Mensch – zur
Behandlung bei Mikrowellenbelastung
Authors: Sonnenschmidt Rosina 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die tagtägliche Mikrowellenbelastung, der wir
durch den Gebrauch von Handys, WLan und
anderer technischer Geräte ausgesetzt sind, führt
zu einer Reihe neuartiger Erkrankungen bei Tier
und Mensch. So führt die strahlungsbedingte
Öffnung der Blut-Hirn-Schranke zu einer erhöhten
intrazellulären Parasitenlast mit Auswirkungen auf
kognitive Leistungen wie auch zu einer Zunahme
von Tumor- und Krebserkrankungen im Gehirn. Die
Selbstheilungskräfte des strahlungsresistenten
japanischen Oleanders eröffnen jedoch interessante
homöopathische Behandlungsoptionen.
Pädiatrische Atemwegschirurgie: Indikationen und Techniken
Authors: Schweiger Thomas , Evermann Matthias , Roesner Imme , Denk-Linnert Doris-Maria , Klepetko Walter , Hoetzenecker Konrad 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der pädiatrischen Atemwegschirurgie sind zahlreiche anatomische Besonderheiten, spezifische Krankheitsbilder sowie spezielle Operationstechniken zu beachten. Auch an spezialisierten Zentren sind diese Eingriffe bei pädiatrischen Patienten eher selten. Ätiologisch handelt es sich meist um erworbene Stenosen als Folge von Frühgeburtlichkeit, Langzeitintubation oder -tracheotomie, welche typischerweise in Kindern mit zahlreichen Komorbiditäten auftreten. Kongenitale Fehlbildungen der Atemwege gehen häufig mit weiteren Malformationen einher, welche die erfolgreiche Behandlung zusätzlich erschweren. Voraussetzung zur Behandlung dieser Kinder sollte daher ein multidisziplinäres Team sein. An erfahrenen Zentren mit entsprechender Infrastruktur kann die chirurgische Behandlung dieser Kinder mit sehr guten Ergebnissen durchgeführt werden. So wird bei den meisten Patienten nach chirurgischer Behandlung eine sehr gute Lebensqualität ohne Notwendigkeit einer Langzeittracheostomie erreicht. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die wichtigsten Indikationen, sowie die häufigsten Operationstechniken in der pädiatrischen Atemwegschirurgie zusammen.
Microstructural Changes in Normal-Appearing White Matter in Pediatric X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Cebeci Hakan , Rykken Jeffrey , Ott Frederick , Folkertsma Mark , Koksel Yasemin , Gencturk Mehmet 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that provides quantitative diffusion data of water molecules in tissue. Usage of DTI in pediatric X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) may adjunct earlier detection of brain involvement. This study aimed to analyze the normal-appearing white matter in pediatric patients with X-ALD using DTI.
Materials and Methods A retrospective database search was performed. Children with genetically diagnosed X-ALDs with a reportedly normal brain MRI between January 2010 and September 2021 were included. Fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD), and apparent diffusion coefficient were serially measured in 8 regions of the brain, and these measurements were compared with those in control patients.
Results The study group included 21 X-ALD patients and 11 control patients. The mean age was 6.64 ± 5.14 years. FA values of the genu and body of the corpus callosum were significantly lower in the ALD group than controls. There was also a statistically significant difference in FA, AD, and RD values of cerebellar white matter in the two groups.
Conclusion There is evidence of white matter damage on DTI in X-ALD patients with the normal-appearing white matter on conventional MRI sequences. The inclusion of DTI in routine MRI examinations of X-ALD patients may provide additional insight into possible white matter damage in that population.
COVID-19 and Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Catherine Christina , Veitinger Julia , Chou Sherry H-Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 has been associated with numerous neurological complications, with acute cerebrovascular disease being one of the most devastating complications. Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular complication of COVID-19, affecting between 1 and 6% of all patients. Underlying mechanisms for COVID-related ischemic strokes are thought to be due to vasculopathy, endotheliopathy, direct invasion of the arterial wall, and platelet activation. Other COVID-19-associated cerebrovascular complications include hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral microbleeds, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. This article discusses the incidence of these cerebrovascular complications, risk factors, management strategies, prognosis and future research directions, as well as considerations in pregnancy-related cerebrovascular events in the setting of COVID-19.
Single-molecule force spectroscopy reveals binding and bridging dynamics of PARP1 and PARP2 at DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Bell Nicholas A. W. , Molloy Justin E. 
Published: May 2023

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) play key roles in DNA damage repair pathways in eukaryotic cells. Human PARPs 1 and 2 are catalytically activated by damage in the form of both double-strand and single-strand DNA breaks. Recent structural work indicates that PARP2 can also bridge two DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), revealing a potential role in stabilizing broken DNA ends. In this paper, we have developed a magnetic tweezers–based assay in order to measure the mechanical stability and interaction kinetics of proteins bridging across the two ends of a DNA DSB. We find that PARP2 forms a remarkably stable mechanical link (rupture force ~85 pN) across blunt-end 5′-phosphorylated DSBs and restores torsional continuity allowing DNA supercoiling. We characterize the rupture force for different overhang types and show that PARP2 switches between bridging and end-binding modes depending on whether the break is blunt-ended or has a short 5′ or 3′ overhang. In contrast, PARP1 was not observed to form a bridging interaction across blunt or short overhang DSBs and competed away PARP2 bridge formation, indicating that it binds stably but without linking together the two broken DNA ends. Our work gives insights into the fundamental mechanisms of PARP1 and PARP2 interactions at double-strand DNA breaks and presents a unique experimental approach to studying DNA DSB repair pathways.
The KEAP1–NRF2 pathway regulates TFEB/TFE3-dependent lysosomal biogenesis
Authors: Ong Athena Jessica S. , Bladen Cerys E. , Tigani Tara A. , Karamalakis Anthony P. , Evason Kimberley J. , Brown Kristin K. , Cox Andrew G. 
Published: May 2023

The maintenance of redox and metabolic homeostasis is integral to embryonic development. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a stress-induced transcription factor that plays a central role in the regulation of redox balance and cellular metabolism. Under homeostatic conditions, NRF2 is repressed by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). Here, we demonstrate that Keap1 deficiency induces Nrf2 activation and postdevelopmental lethality. Loss of viability is preceded by severe liver abnormalities characterized by an accumulation of lysosomes. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that loss of Keap1 promotes aberrant activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB)/transcription factor binding to IGHM Enhancer 3 (TFE3)-dependent lysosomal biogenesis. Importantly, we find that NRF2-dependent regulation of lysosomal biogenesis is cell autonomous and evolutionarily conserved. These studies identify a role for the KEAP1–NRF2 pathway in the regulation of lysosomal biogenesis and suggest that maintenance of lysosomal homeostasis is required during embryonic development.