bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-strand mismatch and damage patterns revealed by single-molecule DNA sequencing
Authors: Liu Mei Hong , Costa Benjamin , Choi Una , Bandler Rachel C. , Lassen Emilie , Grońska-Pęski Marta , Schwing Adam , Murphy Zachary R. , Rosenkjær Daniel , Picciotto Shany , Bianchi Vanessa , Stengs Lucie , Edwards Melissa , Loh Caitlin A. , Truong Tina K. , Brand Randall E. , Pastinen Tomi , Wagner J. Richard , Skytte Anne-Bine , Tabori Uri , Shoag Jonathan E. , Evrony Gilad D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMutations accumulate in the genome of every cell of the body throughout life, causing cancer and other genetic diseases1-4. Almost all of these mosaic mutations begin as nucleotide mismatches or damage in only one of the two strands of the DNA prior to becoming double-strand mutations if unrepaired or misrepaired5. However, current DNA sequencing technologies cannot resolve these initial single-strand events. Here, we developed a single-molecule, long-read sequencing method that achieves single-molecule fidelity for single-base substitutions when present in either one or both strands of the DNA. It also detects single-strand cytosine deamination events, a common type of DNA damage. We profiled 110 samples from diverse tissues, including from individuals with cancer-predisposition syndromes, and define the first single-strand mismatch and damage signatures. We find correspondences between these single-strand signatures and known double-strand mutational signatures, which resolves the identity of the initiating lesions. Tumors deficient in both mismatch repair and replicative polymerase proofreading show distinct single-strand mismatch patterns compared to samples deficient in only polymerase proofreading. In the mitochondrial genome, our findings support a mutagenic mechanism occurring primarily during replication. Since the double-strand DNA mutations interrogated by prior studies are only the endpoint of the mutation process, our approach to detect the initiating single-strand events at single-molecule resolution will enable new studies of how mutations arise in a variety of contexts, especially in cancer and aging.
Structural basis for binding of Smaug to the GPCR Smoothened and to the germline inducer Oskar
Authors: Kubíková Jana , Ubartaitė Gabrielė , Metz Jutta , Jeske Mandy 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTDrosophilaSmaug and its orthologs comprise a family of mRNA repressor proteins that exhibit various functions during animal development. Smaug proteins contain a characteristic RNA-binding sterile-α motif (SAM) domain and a conserved but uncharacterized N-terminal domain (NTD). Here, we resolved the crystal structure of the NTD of the human SAM domain-containing protein 4A (SAMD4A, a.k.a. Smaug1) to 2.0 Å resolution, which revealed its composition of a homodimerization D-subdomain and a subdomain with similarity to a PHAT domain. Furthermore, we show thatDrosophilaSmaug directly interacts with theDrosophilagermline inducer Oskar and with the Hedgehog signaling transducer Smoothened through its D-PHAT domain. We determined the crystal structure of the D-PHAT domain of Smaug in complex with a Smoothened α-helical peptide to 1.61 Å resolution. The peptide binds within a groove that is formed by both the D- and PHAT subdomains. Structural modeling supported by experimental data suggested that an α-helix within the disordered region of Oskar binds to the D-PHAT domain in a mode similar to Smoothened. Together, our data uncover the N-terminal D-PHAT domain of Smaug as peptide-binding domain.
Arthropod food webs predicted from body size ratios are improved by incorporating prey defensive properties
Authors: Van De Walle Ruben , Logghe Garben , Haas Nina , Massol François , Vandegehuchte Martijn L. , Bonte Dries 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Trophic interactions are often deduced from body size differences, assuming that predators prefer prey smaller than themselves because larger prey are more difficult to subdue. This has mainly been confirmed in aquatic ecosystems, but rarely in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in arthropods.

Our goal was to validate whether body size ratios can predict trophic interactions in a terrestrial, plant‐associated arthropod community and whether predator hunting strategy and prey taxonomy could explain additional variation.

We conducted feeding trials with arthropods from marram grass in coastal dunes to test whether two individuals, of the same or different species, would predate each other. From the trial results, we constructed one of the most complete, empirically derived food webs for terrestrial arthropods associated with a single plant species. We contrasted this empirical food web with a theoretical web based on body size ratios, activity period, microhabitat, and expert knowledge.

In our feeding trials, predator–prey interactions were indeed largely size‐based. Moreover, the theoretical and empirically based food webs converged well for both predator and prey species. However, predator hunting strategy, and especially prey taxonomy improved predictions of predation. Well‐defended taxa, such as hard‐bodied beetles, were less frequently consumed than expected based on their body size. For instance, a beetle of average size (measuring 4 mm) is 38% less vulnerable than another average arthropod with the same length.

Body size ratios predict trophic interactions among plant‐associated arthropods fairly well. However, traits such as hunting strategy and anti‐predator defences can explain why certain trophic interactions do not adhere to size‐based rules. Feeding trials can generate insights into multiple traits underlying real‐life trophic interactions among arthropods.
Hospitalisation for non‐lethal self‐harm and premature mortality in the 3 years following adolescent pregnancy: Population‐based nationwide cohort study
Authors: Goueslard Karine , Jollant Fabrice , Cottenet Jonathan , Bechraoui‐Quantin Sonia , Rozenberg Patrick , Simon Emmanuel , Quantin Catherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of non‐lethal self‐harm and mortality related to adolescent pregnancy.DesignNationwide population‐based retrospective cohort.SettingData were extracted from the French national health data system.PopulationWe included all adolescents aged 12–18 years with an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD‐10) code for pregnancy in 2013–2014.MethodsPregnant adolescents were compared with age‐matched non‐pregnant adolescents and with first‐time pregnant women aged 19–25 years.Main outcome measuresAny hospitalisation for non‐lethal self‐harm and mortality during a 3‐year follow‐up period. Adjustment variables were age, a history of hospitalisation for physical diseases, psychiatric disorders, self‐harm and reimbursed psychotropic drugs. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used.ResultsIn 2013–2014, 35 449 adolescent pregnancies were recorded in France. After adjustment, pregnant adolescents had an increased risk of subsequent hospitalisation for non‐lethal self‐harm in comparison with both non‐pregnant adolescents (n = 70 898) (1.3% vs 0.2%, HR 3.06, 95% CI 2.57–3.66) and pregnant young women (n = 233 406) (0.5%, HR 2.41, 95% CI 2.14–2.71). Rates of hospitalisation for non‐lethal self‐harm were lower during pregnancy and higher between 12 and 8 months pre‐delivery, 3–7 months postpartum and in the month following abortion. Mortality was significantly higher in pregnant adolescents (0.7‰) versus pregnant young women (0.4‰, HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.12–2.72), but not versus non‐pregnant adolescents (0.4‰, HR 1.61, 95% CI 0.92–2.83).ConclusionsAdolescent pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation for non‐lethal self‐harm and premature death. Careful psychological evaluation and support should be systematically implemented for adolescents who are pregnant.
Evolution in the choice of therapies used to treat latrodectism: Redback spider antivenom or standard analgesic medications. Nothing to rave about
Authors: Sulaeman Siba J , Graudins Andis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesRedback spider (RBS) antivenom (RBSAV) use appears to have decreased since the results of the RAVE‐2 antivenom efficacy study were released. The aims of this study were to assess change in RBSAV use over time and compare responses to treatment for antivenom and other analgesics.MethodsRetrospective audit of RBS bite referrals to a toxicology unit, from January 2010 to January 2022. Data included demographics, pain severity, treatment (analgesia or RBSAV), response to treatment, re‐presentation rate, adverse events, change in antivenom use over time.ResultsOf 270 presentations, 157 with moderate or severe pain were included (RBSAV n = 51, analgesia n = 106). Median age was 39 years, n = 81 (51%) female. Those receiving antivenom were more likely to report severe pain n = 46/51 (84%) versus n = 68/106 (58%) (P = 0.006). Eighty‐three percent of antivenom doses were administered between 2010 and 2013. Analgesia‐only group received various combinations of paracetamol, NSAIDs, and opioids. In those receiving RBSAV, 17/48 (35%), 26/48 (54%), 5/48 (10%) reported a partial, complete or no reduction in pain, respectively, versus 30/77 (39%), 43/77 (58%) and 4/77 (5%), for analgesia‐only group. Post‐treatment pain was not recorded in three RBSAV and 28 analgesia‐only patients. Pain reduction was no different for intravenous and intramuscular antivenom. Re‐presentation for ongoing pain was more common in the analgesia‐only group, 16/106 (15%) versus 1/51 (2%) for antivenom (P = 0.013).ConclusionAntivenom use fell over the study period. There was no difference in pain relief between RBSAV and analgesia‐only groups. RBSAV, regardless of route of administration, was no better than standard analgesics in pain reduction in the present study.
Intentional paediatric poisoning presentations to emergency departments during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gatenby Jennifer , Low Gary KK , Rahman Muhammad A , Salter Mark , Bhurawala Habib 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise paediatric poisoning presentations to EDs and determine if the advent of the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with increased intentional paediatric poisoning presentations.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of paediatric poisoning presentations to three EDs (two regional and one metropolitan). Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association between COVID‐19 and intentional poisoning events. In addition, we calculated the frequency with which patients reported various psychosocial risk factors as being an implicating factor in engaging in an intentional poisoning event.ResultsA total of 860 poisoning events met inclusion criteria during the study period (January 2018–October 2021), with 501 being intentional, and 359 unintentional. There was an increased proportion of intentional poisoning presentations during the COVID‐19 pandemic (261 intentional and 218 unintentional in the pre‐COVID‐19 period vs 241 intentional and 140 unintentional during the COVID‐19 period). In addition, we found a statistically significant association between intentional poisoning presentations and an initial COVID‐19 lockdown (adjusted odds ratio 26.32, P < 0.05). ‘The COVID‐19 lockdown’ or ‘COVID‐19’ was reported to be implicating factor for psychological stress in patients who presented with intentional poisonings during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsIntentional paediatric poisoning presentations increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic in our study population. These results may support an emerging body of evidence that the psychological strain of COVID‐19 disproportionately impacts adolescent females.
Lower or higher oxygenation targets for acute Hypoxaemic respiratory failure: Protocol for an individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Nielsen Frederik Mølgaard , Klitgaard Thomas Lass , Bruun Niels Henrik , Møller Morten Hylander , Schjørring Olav Lilleholt , Rasmussen Bodil Steen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSupplemental oxygen therapy is central to the treatment of acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, a condition which remains a major driver for morbidity and mortality in intensive care. Despite several large randomised clinical trials comparing a higher versus a lower oxygenation target for these patients, significant differences in study design impede analysis of aggregate data and final clinical recommendations.MethodsThis paper presents the protocol for conducting an individual patient data meta‐analysis where full individual patient data according to the intention‐to‐treat principle will be pooled from the HOT‐ICU and HOT‐COVID trials in a one‐step procedure. The two trials are near‐identical in design. We plan to use a hierarchical general linear mixed model that accounts for data clustering at a trial and site level. The primary outcome will be 90‐day all‐cause mortality while the secondary outcome will be days alive without life‐support at 90 days. Further, we outline 14 clinically relevant predefined subgroups which we will analyse for heterogeneity in the intervention effects and interactions, and we present a plan for assessing the credibility of the subgroup analyses.ConclusionThe presented individual patient data meta‐analysis will synthesise individual level patient data from two of the largest randomised clinical trials on targeted oxygen therapy in intensive care. The results will provide a re‐analysis of the intervention effects on the pooled intention‐to‐treat populations and facilitate subgroup analyses with an increased power to detect clinically important effect modifications.
Within‐person associations between psychological and contextual factors and lapse incidence in smokers attempting to quit: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of ecological momentary assessment studies
Authors: Perski Olga , Kwasnicka Dominika , Kale Dimitra , Schneider Verena , Szinay Dorothy , ten Hoor Gill , Asare Bernard Yeboah‐Asiamah , Verboon Peter , Powell Daniel , Naughton Felix , Keller Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsWhen attempting to stop smoking, discrete smoking events (‘lapses’) are strongly associated with a return to regular smoking (‘relapse’). No study has yet pooled the psychological and contextual antecedents of lapse incidence, captured in ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize within‐person psychological and contextual predictor–lapse associations in smokers attempting to quit.MethodsWe searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science. A narrative synthesis and multi‐level, random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted, focusing on studies of adult, non‐clinical populations attempting to stop smoking, with no restrictions on setting. Outcomes were the association between a psychological (e.g. stress, cravings) or contextual (e.g. cigarette availability) antecedent and smoking lapse incidence; definitions of ‘lapse’ and ‘relapse’; the theoretical underpinning of EMA study designs; and the proportion of studies with pre‐registered study protocols/analysis plans and open data.ResultsWe included 61 studies, with 19 studies contributing ≥ 1 effect size(s) to the meta‐analyses. We found positive relationships between lapse incidence and ‘environmental and social cues’ [k = 12, odds ratio (OR) = 4.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.02, 10.16, P = 0.001] and ‘cravings’ (k = 10, OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.34, 2.18, P < 0.001). ‘Negative feeling states’ was not significantly associated with lapse incidence (k = 16, OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.24, P = 0.12). In the narrative synthesis, negative relationships with lapse incidence were found for ‘behavioural regulation’, ‘motivation not to smoke’ and ‘beliefs about capabilities’; positive relationships with lapse incidence were found for ‘positive feeling states’ and ‘positive outcome expectancies’. Although lapse definitions were comparable, relapse definitions varied widely across studies. Few studies explicitly drew upon psychological theory to inform EMA study designs. One of the included studies drew upon Open Science principles.ConclusionsIn smokers attempting to stop, environmental and social cues and cravings appear to be key within‐person antecedents of smoking lapse incidence. Due to low study quality, the confidence in these estimates is reduced.
Epauletted fruit bats prefer native plants and contribute to seed dispersal in a South African agricultural landscape
Authors: Mphethe Vusani , Weier Sina , Westphal Catrin , Linden Birthe , Swanepoel Lourens , Parker Daniel , Taylor Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFruit bats provide vital ecosystem services through seed dispersal aiding secondary forest regeneration. However, fruit bat species are often persecuted by fruit‐growing farmers due to perceived and actual crop damage. In this study, we investigated the dietary components of Epomophorous wahlbergi, Epomophorous crypturus and Rousettus aegyptiacus, which are the three fruit bat species commonly found in litchi orchards and surrounding natural habitats in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. We further explored the contribution of fruit bats to seed dispersal and germination success. Fruit bat diet was dominated by wild fruit species (95%), while commercial fruit contributed little (2%) to their diet, even during the litchi harvest season. Fig seeds (Ficus spp.) collected from captured bats as spit outs had significantly lower germination rates than regular seeds, but a significantly lower germination latency. A similar pattern was observed for quinine trees (Rauvolfia caffra). Our results suggest that fruit bats inhabiting orchards and surrounding natural vegetation feed primarily on wild fruit trees, probably modulated by the high percentage of natural vegetation still found in our study area, supporting the importance of natural habitats in mitigating crop damage. We encourage further work on potential disservices by fruit bats and their habitat use.
An exploratory investigation into the factors related to EdTech use among Kenyan girls
Authors: Watson Joe , Baier Jasmin , Mughogho Winnie , Millrine Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper contributes to the scarce literature on factors affecting EdTech use in households. These factors were considered through exploratory mixed‐methods analyses of cross‐sectional data on Kenyan girls and caregivers, captured during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Quantitative analysis of the child dataset (n = 544) suggested the importance of both structural factors—such as technology hardware availability—and non‐structural factors—including caregiver permission. Findings were supported by a thematic analysis of interview data from girls' caregivers (n = 58), which emphasised the role they play in girls' use of EdTech. Interviews also highlighted numerous caregiver concerns with EdTech, related to the relevance and rigour of educational content, the possibility of children accessing age‐inappropriate material and child health (especially eyesight). Policy makers could alleviate these concerns by providing guidance on EdTech use and clearly signalling their approval of verified initiatives.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic
EdTech can benefit girls' education, yet there are various barriers to it being used.
Existing research shows clearly that EdTech use can be impeded by structural factors (eg, hardware ownership).
However, we find insufficient empirical evidence on the role of non‐structural or behavioural factors.

What this paper adds
This paper addresses this gap, using a mixed‐methods approach to explore the influence of 33 different measures (including non‐structural factors) that could affect the number of hours girls spend using EdTech at home.
Findings from a quantitative sample of girls (n = 544) and a qualitative sample of girls' caregivers (n = 58) highlighted the importance of non‐structural factors, especially caregiver permission.
The variable most strongly associated with girls' EdTech usage in our selected quantitative model concerned whether this was sanctioned by their caregivers.
Our qualitative data suggested why caregiver permission to use EdTech might be withheld: caregivers emphasised perceived concerns about the risks and rigour of EdTech.

Implications for practice and/or policy
Our findings suggest the viability of policy interventions that provide EdTech guidance to caregivers.
Caregivers uncertain about EdTech could be reassured of the appropriateness of verified initiatives, while those already convinced might be aided in their attempts to support EdTech learning.
Such guidance could provide a low‐cost means of further exploiting the benefits that household EdTech learning can provide.
A bibliometric analysis of primary immune thrombocytopenia from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Ou Yang , Zhan Yanxia , Zhuang Xibing , Shao Xia , Xu Pengcheng , Li Feng , Chen Hao , Ji Lili , Cheng Yunfeng 
Published: February 2023

SummaryPrimary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. This bibliometric analysis was applied to identify the characteristics of global scientific output, the hotspots, and frontiers of ITP over the past 10 years. We retrieved publications from 2011 to 2021 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometrix package, VOSviewer, and Citespace were used to analyse and visualize the trend, distribution, and hotspots of research on ITP. Altogether, there were 2084 papers, written by 9080 authors from 410 organizations in 70 countries/regions, published in 456 journals with 37 160 co‐cited references. In the last decades, the most productive journal was British Journal of Haematology, China was the most productive country. and the most cited journal was Blood. Shandong University was the most productive institution in the field of ITP. NEUNERT C, 2011, BLOOD, CHENG G, 2011, LANCET, and PATEL VL, 2012, BLOOD were the top three most cited documents. “Thrombopoietin receptor agonist”, “regulatory T cell” and “sialic acid” were three hotspots of the last decade. And “immature platelet fraction”, “Th17”, and “fostamatinib” would be research frontiers in the feature. The present study provided a novel insight for future research directions and scientific decision‐making.
Nothing can be Changed Until it is Faced: Museum Solidarity Statements as Reflections of Understanding Systemic Racism
Authors: Chevalier Juline A. , Jennings Gretchen M. , Phalen Sara A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe May 2020 murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police led many institutions to write and share statements opposing racism, committing to change, and claiming solidarity with the Black community. The authors saw an opportunity to compile data and assess the commitment of our field to racial equity by taking the statements at face value, examining them, and performing a content analysis. In our view, most statements of solidarity would represent a museum's best effort at reaching out to Black communities and communities of color, and at articulating the value it placed on its relationship with those communities. This assessment of “best effort” tells us that there is moderate progress toward the racial equity and justice that has been a hot topic for decades, but the findings suggest that only a fraction of U.S. museums are publicly facing their complicity in White supremacy culture, from the make‐up of their boards and staff to the dominant content found in collections, exhibitions, and programs. The authors challenge this status, provide new resources as yet another starting point to help invite museums identify and examine the racism that lies within their institutions, and call for a more genuine commitment to the difficult but necessary steps to eliminate systemic inequity.