bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Possibility of the Human Right to Environment—From a Viewpoint of Legal Philosophy
Authors: Hasegawa KO 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the philosophical ground of the human right to environment in a broad and integrative way. It discusses the significance of the concept of rights in the normative space for human society in order to show its significance for natural and societal environments for all human beings; the significance of the natural environment for the survival and subsistence of human beings in order to show its value for human rights, along with the significance of societal environment; the significance of the human right to environment and its place in the web of human rights protections in order to explicate its normative potentialities; and the universality of the human right to environment in facing the fact of global legal pluralism. These discussions show a cogent outlook for the possibility of the human right to environment, both natural and societal.
Introductory Note
Authors: Nieto-Navia Rafael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT/MICT) was established by the UN Security Council through Resolution 1966 on 22 December 2010 to gradually assume residual functions from both the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. The IRMCT started operating fully from the beginning of 2018. This introductory note refers exclusively to the work formerly carried out by the ICTY. This tribunal handed over four cases to the IRMCT: Stanišić and Simatović (MICT-15-96), trial; Karadžić, Radovan (MICT-13-55), appeal; Šešelj, Vojislav (MICT-16-99-A), appeal; and Mladić, Ratko (MICT-13-56), pre-appeal. The decision on the Karadžić case was issued on 20 March 2019.
Interplay among ZF-HD and GRF transcription factors during Arabidopsis leaf development
Authors: Ferela Antonella , Debernardi Juan Manuel , Rosatti Santiago , Liebsch Daniela , Schommer Carla , Palatnik Javier F 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe growth-regulating factor (GRF) family of transcriptional factors are involved in the control of leaf size and senescence, inflorescence and root growth, grain size, and plant regeneration. However, there is limited information about the genes regulated by these transcriptional factors, which are in turn responsible for their functions. Using a meta-analysis approach, we identified genes encoding Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) zinc-finger homeodomain (ZF-HD) transcriptional factors, as potential targets of the GRFs. We further showed that GRF3 binds to the promoter of one of the members of the ZF-HD family, HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 33 (HB33), and activates its transcription. Increased levels of HB33 led to different modifications in leaf cell number and size that were dependent on its expression levels. Furthermore, we found that expression of HB33 for an extended period during leaf development increased leaf longevity. To cope with the functional redundancy among ZF-HD family members, we generated a dominant repressor version of HB33, HB33-SRDX. Expression of HB33-SRDX from HB33 regulatory regions was seedling-lethal, revealing the importance of the ZF-HD family in plant development. Misexpression of HB33-SRDX in early leaf development caused a reduction in both cell size and number. Interestingly, the loss-of-function of HB33 in lines carrying a GRF3 allele insensitive to miR396 reverted the delay in leaf senescence characteristic of these plants. Our results revealed functions for ZF-HDs in leaf development and linked them to the GRF pathway.
Inference for Linear Conditional Moment Inequalities
Authors: Andrews Isaiah , Roth Jonathan , Pakes Ariel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We show that moment inequalities in a wide variety of economic applications have a particular linear conditional structure. We use this structure to construct uniformly valid confidence sets that remain computationally tractable even in settings with nuisance parameters. We first introduce least-favorable critical values which deliver non-conservative tests if all moments are binding. Next, we introduce a novel conditional inference approach which ensures a strong form of insensitivity to slack moments. Our recommended approach is a hybrid technique which combines desirable aspects of the least favorable and conditional methods. The hybrid approach performs well in simulations calibrated to Wollmann (2018, American Economic Review, 108, 1364–1406), with favorable power and computational time comparisons relative to existing alternatives.
The mediating effect of fatigue in impaired quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus: mediation analysis of the French EQUAL cohort
Authors: Thibault Thomas , Bourredjem Abderrahmane , Maurier François , Wahl Denis , Muller Geraldine , Aumaitre Olivier , Sève Pascal , Blaison Gilles , Pennaforte Jean-Loup , Martin Thierry , Magy-Bertrand Nadine , Audia Sylvain , Arnaud Laurent , Amoura Zahir , Devilliers Hervé ,   for the EQUAL Study Group, Besancenot Jean-François , Bielefeld Philip , Berthier Sabine , Audia Sylvain , Lorcerie Bernard , Bonnotte Bernard , Samson Maxime , Vinit Julien , Ruault Sabine Meaux , Gil Helder , Broussolle Christiane , Varron Loig , Le Roux Karine , Zuily Stephane , Kaminsky Pierre , Mohamed Shirine , Muller Daniela Ibba , de Korwin Jean-Dominique , Guichard Jean-François , Marianetti Paola , Imbert Gaelle Guettrot 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Mediation analyses were conducted to measure the extent to which musculoskeletal (MSK) flares and depression affected physical health through excessive fatigue.

Methods
Mediation analyses were performed in a large multicentre cohort of SLE patients. Domains of the LupusQoL and SLEQOL questionnaires were selected as outcomes, MSK flares according to the SELENA-SLEDAI flare index (SFI-R) score and depression defined by Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) scale as exposures and different fatigue domains from MFI-20 and LupusQoL questionnaires as mediators. For each model, total, direct, indirect effects and proportion of effect mediated by fatigue (i.e. proportion of change in health-related quality of life) were determined.

Results
Of the 336 patients, 94 (28%) had MSK flares at inclusion and 99 (29.5%) were considered with depression. The proportion of the total effect of MSK flares on physical health impairment explained by fatigue ranged from 59.6% to 78% using the LupusQOL ‘Physical health’ domain and from 51.1% to 73.7% using the SLEQOL ‘Physical functioning’ domain, depending on the fatigue domain selected. The proportion of the total effect of depression on physical health impairment explained by fatigue ranged from 68.8% to 87.6% using the LupusQOL ‘Physical health’ domain and from 79.3% to 103.2% using the SLEQOL ‘Physical functioning’ domain, depending on the fatigue domain selected.

Conclusions
The effect of MSK flares and depression on physical health impairment is largely mediated by fatigue. Thus, the patient’s perception of disease activity as measured by physical health is largely influenced by fatigue. In addition, fatigue has a significant negative impact on quality of lifeof SLE patients with depression.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01904812.
The Men’s Training Cup Keep Training: a masturbation aid improves intravaginal ejaculatory latency time and Erection Hardness Score in patients who are unable to delay ejaculation
Authors: Shirai Masato , Ishikawa Keisuke , Hiramatsu Ippei , Mizushima Kazuhiko , Tsuru Takamitsu , Kurosawa Makoto , Kure Akimasa , Uesaka Yuka , Nozaki Taiji , Tsujimura Akira 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPremature ejaculation (PE) has negative personal consequences, such as distress, bother, frustration, and/or the avoidance of sexual intimacy. In Japan, no oral drugs or devices are approved or used clinically to treat PE. The Men’s Training Cup Keep Training (MTCK), a masturbation aid, was developed for PE. MTCK offers 5 grades of tightness and strength.AimWe aimed to investigate the efficacy of the MTCK in patients who are unable to delay ejaculation.MethodsInclusion criteria were 20- to 60-year-old men feeling distressed and frustrated by PE and who had the same sexual partners throughout the study period. Exclusion criteria were neurologic disease and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, as well as the use of antidepressants, α-blockers, and 5α-reductase inhibitors. The protocol comprised an 8-week training period with the MTCK from level 1 to level 5, with each level used twice before moving to the next level.Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome measure was the extension of intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT). The secondary outcome measures were score improvements on the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, Sexual Health Inventory for Men, Erection Hardness Score, and Difficulty in Performing Sexual Intercourse Questionnaire–5.ResultsWe enrolled 37 patients, and after 19 patients withdrew, 18 concluded the study without experiencing any adverse events. The mean patient age was 39.9 years. Geometric IELT after the 8-week training with the MTCK increased significantly (mean ± SE; 232.10 ± 72.16 seconds) vs baseline (103.91 ± 50.61 seconds, P = .006). Mean scores on the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, Difficulty in Performing Sexual Intercourse Questionnaire–5, and Erection Hardness Score after 8-week training improved significantly vs the baseline values. The mean score on the Sexual Health Inventory for Men did not improve significantly after the 8-week training, but domain 1 did significantly improve after 8 weeks of MTCK use.Clinical ImplicationsThe MTCK may be one possible treatment option for patients who are unable to delay ejaculation.Strengths and LimitationsThis is the first study to show that the MTCK is effective for patients who are unable to delay ejaculation. A major limitation is that the present study was not strictly limited to an IELT &lt;3 minutes.ConclusionsThe MTCK may offer benefits not only for delay of ejaculation but also for erectile function.
Early Malignant Melanoma Detection, Especially in Persons with Pigmented Skin
Authors: Jicman Paul Andrei , Smart Hiske , Ayello Elizabeth A. , Sibbald R. Gary 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Early detection of malignant melanoma is associated with better survival and clinical outcomes. Visual skin inspection is part of melanoma lesion assessment, but clinicians often have difficulty identifying lesions in persons with darker skin tones (eg, Fitzpatrick type 5 [brown] and type 6 [black] skin). There is also a lack of knowledge about the skin sites that are best to evaluate in persons with darkly pigmented skin (eg, the plantar surface of the feet, palms of the hand, and under the nail plate). These limitations can lead to a delay in diagnosis with potentially poor prognostic outcomes. In this article, the authors identify relevant literature to increase awareness for the presence of early signs of malignant melanoma in all skin types. Patient empowerment includes lifestyle adaptations, such as conducting regular skin and foot self-examinations to detect melanoma signs and applying sun protection on feet.

GENERAL PURPOSE
To present a comprehensive gap analysis of podiatric melanoma literature.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:1. Select the appropriate assessment techniques for screening patients, especially those with skin of color, for melanoma.2. Compare and contrast the various types of melanoma.3. Discuss the results of the literature review that offer insight to clinicians screening patients for melanoma.
Impact of Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum Block Using Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Myomectomy
Authors: Li Yue , Zhang Le , Jiao Jing , Yu Xinhua , Huang Shaoqiang 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
The optimal dosage of dexmedetomidine (DEX) for postoperative analgesia of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) after laparoscopic myomectomy is not clear. Our study evaluated the analgesic and adverse effects of different doses of locally administered DEX.

Materials and Methods:
Patients underwent laparoscopic myomectomy were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Transmuscular bilateral QLB was conducted postoperatively using local anesthetic plus different doses of DEX, as an adjuvant, per side. Numeric rating scales (NRS) of pain score and heart rate (HR) were assessed after performing QLB. Additional analgesics through patient-controlled analgesia pump, recovery time to first flatus, hospital stay, and other outcomes were also compared.

Results:
A total of 150 participants were randomly divided into 3 groups (DEX1 group: 0.1 μg/kg; DEX2 group: 0.3 μg/kg; DEX3 group: 0.5 μg/kg), 50 for each group. Compared with the DEX1 group, NRS pain scores were lower in groups DEX2 and DEX3 (P<0.017) 20 minutes after QLB and the significance lasted for 24 hours. Patients in groups DEX2 and DEX3 needed fewer additional analgesics than the group DEX1 (P<0.017). HR in groups DEX2 and DEX3 was lower than the group DEX1 10 minutes and 20 minutes after QLB, respectively (P<0.017). Sixty minutes after QLB, HR in the DEX3 group was still lower than the other groups. More patients in the DEX3 group were found bradycardia. Satisfaction score of postoperative analgesia was higher in groups DEX2 and DEX3 than the DEX1 group (P<0.017).

Discussion:
The results suggest that solution of DEX 0.3 μg/kg in ropivacaine 0.25% for QLB is recommended to relieve postoperative pain after laparoscopic myomectomy effectively and safely.
Utilization and Survival Impact of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Saeed Nadia A. , Jin Lan , Amini Arya , Verma Vivek , Lester-Coll Nataniel H. , Chen Po-Han , Decker Roy H. , Park Henry S. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
The optimal fractionation schedule in unresected stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) unsuitable for stereotactic body radiation therapy is unclear. Given the lack of comparative data regarding nonstereotactic body radiation therapy schemas, we compared overall survival (OS) with hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) and examined the OS impact of different HFRT doses.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective analysis included 2159 patients from the National Cancer Database diagnosed with stage I (cT1-2aN0M0) NSCLC between 2008 and 2016. Patients underwent CFRT (70≤BED10 [biologically effective dose] <100 Gy10 in ≥30 fractions), low-dose HFRT (LD-HFRT; 70≤BED10 [assuming α/β=10] <100 Gy10 in 11 to 24 fractions), or high-dose HFRT (HD-HFRT; 100≤BED10 ≤120 Gy10 in 6 to 10 fractions). Patients who received surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy were excluded. We compared CFRT versus all HFRT, and separately CFRT versus LD-HFRT and CFRT versus HD-HFRT. OS was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and Cox regression.

Results:
A total of 63.2% of patients underwent CFRT, 23.5% LD-HFRT, and 13.3% HD-HFRT. OS was significantly longer with HFRT versus CFRT on univariable (28.2 mo [95% CI, 25.6-31.7] vs 26.4 mo [25.0-27.9]; log-rank=0.0025) but not multivariable analysis (MVA; hazard ratio [HR] 0.90; P=0.062). MVA yielded no significant difference in OS between CFRT and LD-HFRT (HR 0.96, P=0.53). OS was significantly longer with HD-HFRT versus CFRT on MVA (HR, 0.75; P=0.003). However, on sensitivity analysis using different multivariable modeling techniques, this did not retain statistical significance (HR, 0.83; P=0.12).

Conclusions:
For stage I NSCLC, HFRT does not show a robust OS benefit compared with CFRT but may be preferred given the convenience and lower costs.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence in a Microphysiological Model
Authors: Yin Xiujie , Abudupataer Mieradilijiang , Ming Yang , Xiang Bitao , Lai Hao , Wang Chunsheng , Li Jun , Zhu Kai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
The occurrence and development of aortic aneurysms are accompanied by senescence of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Because the mechanism of HASMC senescence has not been fully elucidated, the efficacy of various antisenescence treatments varies. Decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels are one of the mechanisms of cell senescence, and there is a lack of evidence on whether increasing NAD+ levels could alleviate HASMC senescence and further retard the progression of aortic aneurysms.
We constructed an HASMC-based organ-on-a-chip microphysiological model. RNA sequencing was performed on cell samples from the vehicle control and angiotensin II groups to explore biological differences. We detected cellular senescence markers and NAD+ levels in HASMC-based organ-on-a-chip. Subsequently, we pretreated HASMC using the synthetic precursor of NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide, and angiotensin II treatment, and used rhythmic stretching to investigate whether nicotinamide mononucleotide could delay HASMC senescence.
The HASMC-based organ-on-a-chip model can simulate the biomechanical microenvironment of HASMCs in vivo, and the use of angiotensin II in the model replicated senescence in HASMCs. The senescence of HASMCs was accompanied by downregulation of the expression level of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and NAD+. Pretreatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide significantly increased the NAD+ level and alleviated the senescence of HASMCs, but did not change the expression level of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase.
Our study provides a complementary research platform between traditional cell culture and animal experiments to explore HASMC senescence in aortic aneurysms. Furthermore, it provides evidence for NAD+ boosting therapy in the clinical treatment of aortic aneurysms.
Understanding the concurrent and predictive relations between child-led emotion regulation behaviors and pain during vaccination in toddlerhood
Authors: Gennis Hannah G. , Flora David B. , Norton Lucas , McMurtry C. Meghan , Merlano Tatiana Espinosa , Zaghi Ameer , Flanders Daniel , Weinberg Eitan , Savlov Deena , Garfield Hartley , Pillai Riddell Rebecca R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of early childhood pain-related distress regulation. Concurrent and predictive relations between child-led emotion regulation (ER) behaviors and pain-related distress during vaccination were examined at 2 different ages using autoregressive cross-lagged path analyses. Toddlers were video-recorded at the 12- and 18-month routine vaccination appointments (12-month-old [N = 163]; 18-month-old [N = 149]). At 1, 2, and 3 minutes postneedle, videos were coded for 3 clusters of child-led ER behaviors (disengagement of attention, parent-focused behaviors, and physical self-soothing) and pain-related distress. The concurrent and predictive relations between child-led ER behaviors and pain-related distress behaviors were assessed using 6 models (3 emotion regulation behaviors by 2 ages). At 18 months, disengagement of attention was significantly negatively related to pain-related distress at 1 minute postneedle, and pain-related distress at 1 minute postneedle was significantly related to less disengagement of attention at 2 minutes postneedle. Parent-focused behaviors had significant positive relations with pain-related distress at both ages, with stronger magnitudes at 18 months. Physical self-soothing was significantly related to less pain-related distress at both ages. Taken together, these findings suggest that disengagement of attention and physical self-soothing may serve more of a regulatory function during toddlerhood, whereas parent-focused behaviors may serve more of a function of gaining parent support for regulation. This study is the first to assess these relations during routine vaccination in toddlerhood and suggests that toddlers in the second year of life are beginning to play a bigger role in their own regulation from painful procedures than earlier in infancy.
Impact of medications on outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chiang Cheng-Hung , Jiang You-Cheng , Hung Wan-Ting , Kuo Shu-Hung , Hsia Kai , Wang Chia-Lin , Fu Yun-Ju , Lin Kun-Chang , Lin Su-Chiang , Cheng Chin-Chang , Huang Wei-Chun 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Various inhaled bronchodilators have been associated with cardiovascular safety concerns. This study aimed to investigate the long-term impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the safety of COPD medications in patients after their first acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods:
This nationwide cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients hospitalized between 2000 and 2012 with a primary diagnosis of first AMI were included and divided into three cohorts (AMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI], and non-STEMI [NSTEMI]). Each cohort was propensity score matched (1:1) with patients without COPD. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.

Results:
A total of 186 112 patients with AMI were enrolled, and COPD was diagnosed in 13 065 (7%) patients. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with COPD had a higher mortality risk than those without COPD in all cohorts (AMI, STEMI, and NSTEMI). The HR of mortality in AMI, STEMI, and NSTEMI patients with COPD was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.09-1.14), 1.20 (95% CI, 1.14-1.25), and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.04-1.10), respectively. Short-acting inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids increased mortality risk in all three cohorts. However, long-acting inhaled bronchodilators reduced mortality risk in patients with AMI (long-acting beta-agonist [LABA]: HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.94; long-acting muscarinic antagonist [LAMA]: HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.96) and NSTEMI (LABA: HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.97; LAMA: HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68-0.96).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that AMI patients with COPD had higher mortality rates than those without COPD. Using inhaled short-acting bronchodilators and corticosteroids reduced survival, whereas long-acting bronchodilators provided survival benefits in AMI and NSTEMI patients. Therefore, appropriate COPD medication for acute AMI is crucial.