bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Framework for Optimization of Horizontal/Deviated Well Placement and Control for Geological CO2 Storage
Authors: Zou Amy , Durlofsky Louis J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A general framework for optimizing the locations and time-varying injection rates of a set of monobore wells for geological carbon storage is presented and applied. Two objective functions, minimization of mobile CO2 fraction at the end of the operation, and maximization of storage efficiency, are considered. Appropriate linear and nonlinear constraints, involving the geometry of the well configuration, injection rates, and injected mass (for pressure management), are specified. Two derivative-free algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE), are applied and assessed. The various constraints are treated using a preprocessing repair procedure, penalty functions, and a filter method. The framework utilizes multifidelity optimization, in which increasing levels of grid resolution are applied during the course of the optimization run. For the minimization of mobile CO2 fraction, the multifidelity approach is compared with high-resolution optimization. This treatment is shown to outperform high-resolution PSO and DE optimization in terms of both solution quality and computational requirements. The multifidelity DE optimization case provides the best (feasible) solution, with 0.090 mobile CO2 fraction at 200 years, which represents a 68% improvement over a heuristic base-case. For the second objective function, multifidelity PSO provides a design that results in a storage efficiency of 0.074, which is about double the base-case value. For both objective functions, the optimized solutions contain horizontal and deviated wells placed near the bottom of the storage aquifer. The well configurations are much different for the two objective functions, with wells more closely spaced, resulting in a single merged plume, for the storage efficiency maximization case. For the mobile CO2 minimization case, by contrast, wells are separated and pulsed, which facilitates dissolution and residual trapping.
Strongly Coupled Prolongation in Multiscale Pressure Solver for High-Contrast Heterogeneous Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Watanabe Shingo , Natvig Jostein , Tomin Pavel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The key idea with multiscale methods for reservoir simulation is to construct a set of prolongation operators that interpolate solutions from a coarse spatial resolution to the grid resolution. Efficient multiscale methods need prolongation operators that accurately represent flow at the grid resolution. For high-contrast models, it is especially important that this flow interpolation is confined within high-contrast boundaries. In this paper, we present an improved algorithm to construct multiscale prolongation operators that better capture strong contrasts in geological properties. Specifically, to construct effective prolongation operators, the improved algorithm first finds dominant flow directions by comparing the values of connection transmissibility in a neighborhood, then emphasizes the interpolation along these dominant directions and ignores the interpolation in transverse direction if connection transmissibility is weak.
The new algorithm is implemented in a commercial reservoir simulator that also provides a commercial implementation of a state-of-the-art multiscale method. The advantage of the new algorithm is demonstrated using synthetic and real reservoir models with high-contrast features. We also analyze the interpolation errors of poorly constructed prolongation operators for such models to identify the root cause of the slow linear solver convergence rate. With the new algorithm, we obtain better linear and nonlinear convergence rates in the pressure solver and shorter simulation time than with a previously published state-of-the-art multiscale method.
For completeness, we also benchmark our multiscale pressure solver performance against a standard algebraic multigrid (AMG) fine-scale pressure solver, and we highlight differences in linear solver convergence and computational efficiency. Finally, we demonstrate that the new algorithm is beneficial for a real high-contrast heterogeneous field model.
Dynamic Mesh Adaptivity and Novel Stopping Criterion Guided by a Posteriori Error Estimates for Coupled Geomechanics Using Mixed Finite Element Method for Flow
Authors: Wheeler Mary , Girault Vivette , Li Hanyu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Flow coupled with geomechanics problems has gathered increased research interest due to its resemblance to engineering applications, such as unconventional reservoir development, by incorporating multiple physics. Computations for the system of such a multiphysics model is often costly. In this paper, we introduce a posteriori error estimators to guide dynamic mesh adaptivity and to determine a novel stopping criterion for the fixed-stress split algorithm to improve computational efficiency.
Previous studies for flow coupled with geomechanics have shown that local mass conservation for the flow equation is critical to the solution accuracy of multiphase flow and reactive transport models, making mixed finite element method an attractive option. Such a discretization maintains local mass conservation by enforcing the constitutive equation in strong form and can be readily incorporated into existing finite volume schemes, that are standard in the reservoir simulation community. Here, we introduced a posteriori error estimators derived for the coupled system with the flow and mechanics solved by mixed method and continuous Galerkin respectively. The estimators are utilized to guide the dynamic mesh adaptivity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the estimators on computational improvement by a fractured reservoir example. The adaptive method only requires 20% of the degrees of freedom as compared to fine scale simulation to obtain an accurate solution.
To avoid solving enormous linear systems from the monolithic approach, a fixed-stress split algorithm is often adopted where the flow equation is resolved first assuming a constant total mean stress, followed by the mechanics equation. The implementation of such a decoupled scheme often involves fine tuning the convergence criterion that is case sensitive. Previous work regarding error estimators with the flow equation solved by Enriched Galerkin proposed a novel stopping criterion that balances the algorithmic error with the discretization error. The new stopping criterion does not require fine tuning and avoids over iteration. In this paper, we extend such a criterion to the flow solved by mixed method and further confirm its validity.
A Practical Approach to Select Representative Deterministic Models Using Multi-Objective Optimization from an Integrated Uncertainty Quantification Workflow
Authors: Gao Guohua , Lu Hao , Wang Kefei , Jost Sean , Shaikh Shakir , Vink Jeroen , Blom Carl , Wells Terence , Saaf Fredrik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Selecting a set of deterministic (e.g., P10, P50 and P90) models is an important and difficult step in any uncertainty quantification workflow. In this paper, we propose to use multi-objective optimization to find a reasonable balance between often conflicting features that must be captured by these models. We embed this approach into a streamlined uncertainty quantification workflow that seamlessly integrates multi-realization history-matching (MHM), production forecasting with uncertainty ranges and representative, deterministic model selection.
Some uncertain parameters strongly impact simulated responses representing historic (production) data and are selected as active parameters for history-matching, whereas others are important only for forecasting. An ensemble of conditional realizations of active history match parameters is generated in the MHM stage using a distributed optimizer, integrated with either randomized-maximum-likelihood (RML) or Gaussian-mixture-model (GMM). This ensemble is extended with unconditional realizations of forecast parameters generated by sampling from their prior distribution. Based on production forecasting results from simulations of this ensemble representing the posterior uncertainty distribution, representative (P10/P50/P90) models are selected using multi-objective optimization.
In addition to matching target values of the primary and a few secondary key performance indicators (e.g., cumulative oil/gas/water production, recovery factor, etc.), selected representative models often must satisfy other requirements or constraints, e.g., the value of some key parameters must be within a user specified tight range. It can be quite difficult to find a set of representative models that satisfy all requirements. Even more challenging, some requirements may be conflicting with others such that no single model can satisfy all requirements. To overcome these technical difficulties, this paper proposes formulating different requirements and constraints as objectives and applying a multi-objective optimization strategy to find a set of Pareto optimal solutions based on the concept of dominance. One or more representative models can then be selected from the set of optimal solutions according to case dependent preferences or requirements.
The proposed method is tested and validated on a realistic example. Our results confirm that the proposed method is robust and efficient and finds acceptable solutions with no violation or minimal violations of constraints (when conflicting constraints are present). These results suggest that our advanced multi-objective optimization technique can select high-quality representative models by striking a balance between conflicting constraints. Thus, a better decision can be made while running much fewer simulations than would be required with traditional methods.
Coupled Geomechanics and Fluid Flow Modeling for Petroleum Reservoirs Accounting for Multi-Scale Fractures
Authors: Wu Dawei , Di Yuan , Kang Zhijiang , Wu Yu-Shu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Accurate modeling of fractured reservoirs is very challenging due to the various scales of fractures. The fracture networks may be too complex to be represented using the equivalent continuum model (ECM) or dual porosity-dual permeability (DPDK) model, yet too computational costly to be modeled using the discrete fracture (DFM) or embedded discrete fracture (EDFM) models. This paper proposes a hybrid model that integrates ECM, DPDK, and an integrally embedded discrete fracture model (IEDFM) to account for multi-scale fractures. The hybrid model is applied to investigate the coupled geomechanics-fluid flow process in fractured reservoirs.
In the hybrid model, small-scale fractures are upscaled into effective matrix permeability tensor using ECM, medium-scale fractures are considered as an individual continuum using DPDK, and large-scale fractures are explicitly represented using IEDFM. The multiphase flow in effective matrix and fracture continua is modeled using the multi-point flux approximation (MPFA), and fluid exchanges between the anisotropic continua and the large-scale fracture control volumes are precisely calculated using the IEDFM. Empirical models are used to calculate the displacement of natural fractures, and analytical models are used to calculate the aperture changes of hydraulic fractures. The overall deformation of a fractured rock is described using an equivalent method. The coupled geomechanics-fluid flow system is discretized by the finite element-finite volume method (FV-FEM) and solved using the fixed-stress split iterative coupling approach.
Several examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The hybrid model is first employed to simulate water flooding process in a naturally fractured reservoir with multi-scale fractures. Effects of different scales of fractures, geomechanics coupling and capillary pressure are investigated. A case of producing from horizontal well in a hydraulic fractured tight oil reservoir is then studied, where the hydraulic fractures are modeled explicitly using IEDFM and the stimulation areas around hydraulic fractures are modeled using DPDK. Effects of stimulation area size on the pressure depletion and on the stress evolution process in the reservoir are investigated.
Use of Look-Ahead Reservoir Models to Optimize Reservoir Performance.
Authors: Crumpton Paul , Cancelliere Michel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The objective is to use future simulated well behavior to optimize well management within a complex reservoir simulation model. This can be used to increase simulated plateau life and reserves. Traditional well management systems often rely on instantaneous well potential to choose guide rates to determine the well allocation within a group of wells. This has proved to be a very effective strategy. However, for the problem of plateau optimization, one can observe the high instantaneous potential of many wells after the plateau is exhausted; this is because the traditional well management system has no knowledge of future behavior.
In this work, the future behavior of all the wells and groups with a large and complex giant reservoir simulation model is determined by spawning a coarsened "Look-Ahead model" (LAM). This is performed concurrently, while the main model is still running. After a pre-determined simulation time the LAM model is harvested by the main model, and approximate future behavior is integrated into the well management system of the main model. One simple yet effective technique is to evaluate the current potential of the well to be an average of the current instantaneous potential and the future potential, in, for example, 10 years ahead of the current simulations time. Thus wells whose future performance is inhibited because of high GOR or high water cuts will get there current allocation reduced, and wells with future high potential will get allocated more rate.
The use of LAM models is demonstrated in a water flood problem to increase plateau time of a large and complex reservoir model. The LAM model is automatically constructed by collapsing the grid, maintaining some resolution of the current wells and future wells, and coarsening heavily the areas of the grid with spent wells. By doing so a 10x improvement in elapse time of the LAM model, which enables the frequent spawning of LAM models from the main model, and a subsequently the most up-to-date LAM model is integrated into the main well management system.
The use of LAM to approximate future behavior of wells, and integrated this behavior into the well management of the reservoir simulator is a novel and practical approach to further optimize the well management system of a reservoir simulator.
Topological Reorganization of Functional Hubs in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Freezing of Gait.
Authors: Sreeniva Karthik , Bayram Ece , Zhuang Xiaowei , Longhurst Jason , Yang Zhengshi , Cordes Dietmar , Ritter Aaron , Caldwell Jessica , Cummings Jeffrey , Mari Zoltan , Litvan Irene , Bluett Brent , Mishra Virendra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and Purpose: Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with freezing of gait (FOG) have implicated dysfunctional connectivity over multiple resting-state networks. While these findings provided network-specific insights and information related to the aberrant or altered regional functional connectivity, whether these alterations have any effect on topological reorganization in PD-FOG patients is incompletely understood. Understanding the higher-order functional organization, which could be derived from the ‘hub’ and the ‘rich-club’ organization of the functional networks could be crucial to identifying the distinct and unique pattern of the network connectivity associated with PD-FOG.
Methods: In this study, we use rs-fMRI data and graph theoretical approaches to explore the reorganization of resting-state network topology in PD-FOG when compared to those without FOG (PD-nFOG). We also compared the higher-order functional organization derived using the hub and rich-club measures in the functional connectivity networks of these PD-FOG patients to understand whether there is a topological reorganization of these hubs in PD-FOG.
Results: We found that the PD-FOG patients showed a noticeable reorganization of hub regions. Regions that are part of the prefrontal cortex, primary somatosensory, motor, and visuomotor coordination areas showed were some of the regions exhibiting altered hub measures in PD-FOG patients. We also found a significantly altered feeder and local connectivity in PD-FOG.
Conclusions: Overall our findings demonstrate a widespread topological reorganization and disrupted higher-order functional network topology in PD-FOG which may further assist in improving our understanding of functional network disturbances associated with PD-FOG.
Associations between the perception of ecosystem services and well-being in urban parks
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo Menezes da , Bezerra Anselmo César Vasconcelos , Neto Claudiano Carneiro Cruz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The benefits of Ecosystem Services (ES) for the population’s well-being have been studied from different perspectives. One of these biases is the relationship between urban green areas and levels of well-being among users of urban parks. The objective of this study was to analyze possible associations between the perception of cultural ES and aspects related to well-being among users of a set of urban parks in a Latin American metropolis. 481 surveys were carried out with users of ten urban parks in the City of Recife, Northeast Brazil. The questions addressed the profile of the visitors, the perception of the characteristics of the parks, the influence of ES on environmental dimensions, the self-perception of health, and the willingness to pay (WTP) for the benefits of the services. Data were analyzed in Stata 14, and four ordinal logistic regression models were generated. The results showed that the better the self-perception regarding mental health and stress levels, the greater the perception of the benefits of ESs in parks. Also, it was evidenced that more acceptance of WTP was correlated with a better perception of ES. The findings suggest that users of urban parks in the studied metropolis know the benefits of ES, associating them with improvements in well-being and urban environmental quality. These results can serve as a subsidy for decision-makers to incorporate the value of ES in urban planning strategies, especially in the context that the management of urban parks in the city will be granted to non-governmental actors.
Understanding Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Ebola Virus Disease: A Multi-Site Mixed Methods Survey on Preparedness in Rwanda
Authors: Karuhije Janvier , Nkeshimana Menelas , Zakham Fathiah , Hewins Benjamin , Rutayisire Justin , Martinez Gustavo S. , Kelvin David J. , Ndishimye Pacifique 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The overall goal of this survey was to understand the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - related knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Rwanda.
Methods: This cross-sectional mixed-methods survey was conducted in five selected districts: Rusizi, Karongi, Rubavu, Burera and Gasabo. Quantitative data was collected from 1,010 participants using a structured questionnaire and Kobo Collect. Qualitative data was collected from 98 participants through Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussion using a semi structured interview guide.
Results: Among the 1,010 surveyed respondents, 56% were male, 70.3% were married, and 50% had primary education. An important finding was the high level of Ebola awareness and knowledge in all the five districts, with 99.6% reporting having previously heard of Ebola, which indicates previous awareness-raising efforts were successful. More than 54% of respondents indicated that Ebola is caused by a virus which originates from wild animal animals (42.1%). Furthermore, fever (85%), bleeding (87.7), and vomiting (40.2%) were cited as the primary signs and symptoms for Ebola. Most of the respondents were knowledgeable regarding prevention measures for Ebola. Despite this, 80% of the survey respondents had not received formal training or health education on Ebola. Many respondents (90%) believe that the country is at risk of an EVD outbreak and about 87.8% think that they are personally at risk of contracting Ebola. Most respondents reported adopting habits that included avoiding physical contact with the patients and reducing unnecessary movements/travel throughout the Ebola-affected regions. Additionally, most respondents (97.2%) believed that it is important to be vaccinated to prevent Ebola, and around 93.3% were ready and willing to get vaccinated once the EVD vaccine is available. While the radio is the preferred source for Ebola-related information, the most trusted sources are the ministry of health and governmental institutions, such as the Rwanda Biomedical Centre.
Conclusion: Our results show that there was high EVD-related knowledge and awareness among the general population in Rwanda. However, for strong public health awareness, preparedness, and protection, there is a need to implement public sensitization programmes that address EVD-related misconceptions and discriminatory attitudes toward EVD patients.
Meta-analysis to assess the impact of adding Lithium to radioiodine in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Authors: Zhang Meiwen , Lou Bo , Huang Weiyuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background, Lithium's ability to increase iodine retention in the thyroid gland and decrease thyroid hormone release may have implications for hyperthyroidism management. The meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of adding lithium to radioactive iodine for the management of hyperthyroidism.
Methods, Inclusion criteria included studies from different languages that compare the impact of adding lithium as an adjuvant therapy to iodine for managing hyperthyroidism. The outcomes of these studies were analyzed using a random-effect model and it was used to calculate the mean difference (MD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) to quantify the impact of different rehabilitation techniques on clinical parameters.
Results, Cure rate of hyperthyroidism subjects receiving lithium plus iodine was significantly higher than that of iodine alone, p = 0.007. while dividing the total studies into subgroups showed the variable result expressed as a significant (p = 0.004) cure rate in favor of the lithium group for studies with subjects Number equal to or higher than 100 subjects. Dividing studies according to the type of randomized and observational studies showed different findings expressed as significant (p =0.01) cure rates for observation studies and the non-significant (p =0.1) difference between both groups in randomized clinical trials. On the other hand, analysis of the intervention impact on thyroxine level showed a non-significant (P=0.13) effect.
Conclusion, using lithium as adjuvant therapy for the management of hyperthyroidism showed a great influence on the cure rate. However, several multicenter randomized trials are still needed to ensure practical findings.