bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hard-to-Reach Data (HaRD) Framework: a Case Study in Humanitarian Mine Action
Authors: Pizzino Stacey , Waller Michael , Tippett Vivienne , Durham Jo 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Following humanitarian crises (e.g. armed conflict), reliable population health metrics are vital to establish health needs and priorities. However, the challenges associated with accurate health information and research in conflict zones are well documented. Often working within conflict settings are authorities and non-government organizations (NGOs) who frequently collect data under the context of operations. This operational data is a potentially untapped source of hard-to-reach data that could be utilized to provide a better insight into conflict affected populations. The Hard to Reach Data (HaRD) framework highlights the process of identifying and engaging with these stakeholders collaboratively to develop research capacity.Method:The HaRD framework was developed from literature searches of health and social sciences databases. The framework which provides a structure to gain access to data in hard-to-reach settings was applied to humanitarian mine action to identify and collect existing but underutilized data.Results:Guided by the HaRD framework we compiled the world’s first global casualty dataset for casualties of landmines and explosive remnants of war. The framework provided a structured approach to identify and engage with key stakeholders. An adaptive approach was needed for stakeholder engagement with trust building and transparency important factors in developing a collaborative partnership. Appropriate communication of research findings is important to ensure reciprocity.Conclusion:The HaRD framework can identify potential data sources and guide access in hard-to-reach data settings. Operational data is often available but hidden; a systematic approach to identifying and engaging with stakeholders can assist in developing successful research partnerships between academia and humanitarian organizations.
Music Therapy and Public Health: How to Bridge the Use of Ethnic Music for Social Anxiety
Authors: Arizona A. , Hanurawan Fattah , Hidayah Nur , Muslihati M. , Ramli M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMusic Therapy (MT) is a growing field that has shown promise in promoting social and emotional well-being. Use of music therapy is a means of dealing with social anxiety, which is a common mental health problem. Potential benefits of using and bridging ethnic music in therapy and public health exist. Strategies to promote the use of music therapy in public health programs are necessary, specifically to address social anxiety.
Engineering quantum diode in one-dimensional time-varying superconducting circuits
Authors: Zhao Xuedong , Xing Yan , Cao Ji , Liu Shutian , Cui Wen-Xue , Wang Hong-Fu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA potential application, quantum diode based on the adiabatic pumping between two specific left and right edge modes, is explored in a one-dimensional cyclically modulated circuit quantum electrodynamic dimer mapped successfully to the paradigmatic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. The quantum diode is characterized by the presence of nonreciprocity in transport, which describes the one-way transfer between excitations at both boundary resonators of the lattice. We find that the quality of the quantum diode defined by fidelity can be improved by increasing the modulation amplitude, i.e., the one-way excitation transfer process becomes more and more pronounced with the increase of the modulation amplitude. By further modifying the cyclical modulation and optimizing the control function, we also realize a much faster one-way excitation transfer to accelerate the nonreciprocal transport in the quantum diode, where almost a threefold reduction in time spent can be achieved. Our work provides a distinct idea and insight for the application of the quantum transport in topological systems.
A binary pulsar in a 53-minute orbit
Authors: Pan Z. , Lu J. G. , Jiang P. , Han J. L. , Chen H.-L. , Han Z. W. , Liu K. , Qian L. , Xu R. X. , Zhang B. , Luo J. T. , Yan Z. , Yang Z. L. , Zhou D. J. , Wang P. F. , Wang C. , Li M. H. , Zhu M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpider pulsars are neutron stars that have a companion star in a close orbit. The companion star sheds material to the neutron star, spinning it up to millisecond rotation periods, while the orbit shortens to hours. The companion is eventually ablated and destroyed by the pulsar wind and radiation1,2. Spider pulsars are key for studying the evolutionary link between accreting X-ray pulsars and isolated millisecond pulsars, pulsar irradiation effects and the birth of massive neutron stars3–6. Black widow pulsars in extremely compact orbits (as short as 62 minutes7) have companions with masses much smaller than 0.1 M⊙. They may have evolved from redback pulsars with companion masses of about 0.1–0.4 M⊙ and orbital periods of less than 1 day8. If this is true, then there should be a population of millisecond pulsars with moderate-mass companions and very short orbital periods9, but, hitherto, no such system was known. Here we report radio observations of the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1953+1844 (M71E) that show it to have an orbital period of 53.3 minutes and a companion with a mass of around 0.07 M⊙. It is a faint X-ray source and located 2.5 arcminutes from the centre of the globular cluster M71.
Attributes of host-specificity better explain the diversified wood-boring longhorn beetles in tropical SW China than plant species diversity
Authors: Luo Fang , Bibi Farkhanda , Disayathanoowat Terd , Ling Tial C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA long-debated question in ecology is whether the hyper-diversity of tropical plant-feeding insects is a direct consequence of high tropical plant diversity or should be attributed to increases in host plant specialization. In this study, we used Cerambycidae (the wood-boring longhorn beetles whose larval stages feed on the xylems of trees and lianas) and plants as study materials to explore which hypothesis is more favoured. Multiple analyses were used to show the differences in host specificity of Cerambycidae in tropical and subtropical forests. From these analyses, we found that the alpha diversity of beetles in tropical forests was significantly higher than that in subtropical forests but not in plants. The relationship between plants and beetles was also closer in tropical areas than in subtropical areas. Our results imply that the wood-boring longhorn beetles show higher degrees of niche conservatism and host-specificity in tropical forests than in subtropical forests. The high diversity of wood-boring longhorn beetles in tropical forests might be explained to a large extent by their more finely partitioned diet breadth.
An investigation into the robustness of a double-ended wideband impedance-based fault location technique
Authors: Jahanger Hayder K. , Thomas David W. P. , Sumner Mark 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe double-ended impedance-based fault location technique (DEFLT) uses the wideband frequency content of the transient generated by the fault to determine the impedance from the point of measurement to the fault. This paper evaluates and develops the DEFLT experimentally for a Shipboard Power System (SPS) to determine its robustness to source impedance, the presence of interconnected loads (“tapped” loads) and tapped lines. Results demonstrate that the estimated impedance (and therefore distance to the fault) is influenced by the presence of tapped loads when the source impedance is large, or when the tapped load is comparable to the rated load of the system. Therefore, a scheme is proposed that compensates for any tapped load without requiring any additional measurements. Using the proposed scheme, the maximum error is significantly reduced from 92 to 13%. Simulation and experimental results show that a high accuracy for the estimated fault location can be achieved.
Evanescent wave in multiple slit diffraction and n-array antennas in metamaterial using Cesàro convergence
Authors: Nellambakam Yuganand , Haritha K. , Shiv Chaitanya K. V. S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study Multiple slit diffraction and n- array linear antennae in negative refractive index material. We show that the evanescent wave plays a vital role in the near-field term. The evanescent wave grows significantly, unlike in conventional materials, and satisfies a novel kind of convergence known as Cesàro convergence. We calculate the intensity of multiple slits and the antenna’s amplification factor (AF) in terms of the Riemann zeta function. We further demonstrate that the Riemann zeta function gives rise to additional nulls. We deduce that all the diffraction scenarios in which the traveling wave satisfies the geometric series in the medium of the positive refractive index will enhance the evanescent wave, which satisfies Cesàro convergence in the medium of the negative refractive index.
Comparison of planned versus achieved central corneal stromal thickness reduction in SMILE versus FS-LASIK: a retrospective study
Authors: Lu Xueqing , Fan Yimeng , Liu Zhao , Qiu Xuanyu , Shi Qiang , Gao Ning , Mi Shengjian , Pei Cheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccuracy of planned corneal stromal thickness (CST) reduction is essential to the safety of laser vision correction. This study was to compare the accuracy of the planned central CST reduction in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). A total of 77 patients (43 for SMILE, 34 for FS-LASIK using Custom-Q algorithm) were included in this retrospective study. At postoperative 6–18 months, the central CST reduction was overestimated by 18.49 ± 6.42 μm in the SMILE group (P < 0.001) and underestimated by 2.56 ± 7.79 μm in the FS-LASIK group (P = 0.064). The planned-achieved difference (PAD) of central CST reduction was positively correlated with preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) and with planned central CST reduction in both groups. When calculated by manifest refraction (MR) without nomogram adjustment, the central CST reduction was overestimated by 11.14 ± 6.53 μm in the SMILE group and underestimated by 2.83 ± 7.39 μm in the FS-LASIK group. The PAD of central CST reduction without nomogram was significantly narrowed in SMILE and maintained in FS-LASIK, suggesting estimation using MR without nomogram adjustment may be feasible for SMILE and FS-LASIK in clinical practice.
Metal deposition and electrocatalysis for elucidating structural changes of gold electrodes during cathodic corrosion
Authors: Elnagar Mohamed M. , Kibler Ludwig A. , Jacob Timo 
Published: June 2023

This work provides deep insights into the structural changes likely to occur at cathodes under highly reducing conditions, such as HER, CO2, and N2 reduction, as well as cathodic electro-conversion in various (organic) electrosynthesis reactions.
How Do Intermediate Grade Students With and Without Language-Based Learning Disabilities Use Noun Phrases in Narrative Writing?
Authors: Koutsoftas Anthony D. , Nicotera David 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
Noun phrase usage and elaboration is an important feature of literate language. In this study, we described noun phrase usage and elaboration in the narrative writing samples of intermediate grade students with and without language-based learning disabilities.

Method:
Narrative writing samples from 64 students in fourth through sixth grades were coded for five types of noun phrases using coding procedures adapted from prior research. Noun phrase ratios (NPR) were calculated for each type of noun phrase evaluated in the study. NPRs represented the proportion of noun phrases to total clauses produced in the sample.

Results:
Students in this study included all five types of noun phrases in their narrative writing to varying degrees. Between-group differences were observed in the frequency of complex noun phrase usage. Significant relationships between NPRs, analytic writing measures, and a standardized reading measure were observed.

Conclusions:
Noun phrase usage is an important consideration for both theoretical and clinical purposes. Findings from this study are related to theoretical models of writing and levels of language frameworks. The clinical relevance for noun phrase assessment and intervention for intermediate grade students with language-based learning disability is discussed.
Probing the temperature structure of the inner region of a protoplanetary disk
Authors: Ueda Takahiro , Okuzumi Satoshi , Kataoka Akimasa , Flock Mario 
Published: June 2023

Context. Disk temperature structure is crucial for the formation of planets. Midplane heating induced by disk accretion plays a key role in determining the disk temperature, particularly at the inner disk midplane where planets are formed. However, the efficiency of accretion heating has been not well constrained by observations.
Aims. Our aim is to observationally constrain the physical properties of the inner region of the CW Tau disk, where the midplane heating potentially takes place.
Methods. We constructed two-dimensional physical models of the CW Tau disk that take the midplane heating into account. We compared the models with the ALMA dust continuum observations at Bands 4, 6, 7, and 8, with an angular resolution of 0″. 1. The observed brightness temperatures are almost wavelength-independent at ≲10 au.
Results. We find that if the maximum dust size is amax ≲100 µm, the brightness temperatures predicted by the model exceed the observed values, regardless of the efficiency of accretion heating. The low observed brightness temperatures can be explained if millimeter scattering reduces the intensity. If the disk is passive, amax needs to be either ~150 µm or more than a few cm. The accretion heating significantly increases the brightness temperature, particularly when amax ≲ 300 µm; thus, the value of amax must be either ~300 µm or over a few cm. The midplane temperature is expected to be ~1.5–3 times higher than the observed brightness temperatures, depending on the models. The dust settling effectively increases the temperature of the dust responsible for the millimeter emission in the active disk, which leads to the model with 300 µm-sized dust overpredicting the brightness temperatures when strong turbulence is absent. Porous dust (porosity of 0.9) makes the accretion heating more efficient, so that some sort of reduction in accretion heating is required.
Conclusions. The brightness temperature is not a simple function of the dust temperature because of the effect of scattering and midplane heating – even when the disk is optically thick. The current data of the CW Tau disk are not sufficient to allow us to discriminate between the passive and active disk models. Future observations at longer wavelengths and higher angular resolution will help to constrain the heating mechanisms of the inner regions of protoplanetary disks.
Associations between Anemia and Outcomes of Pregnant Patients with Pyelonephritis
Authors: Cunningham Hannah M. , Knochenhauer Hope E. , Federspiel Jerome J. , Wein Lauren E. , Denoble Anna E. , Heine R. Phillips , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. 
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aims to determine if pregnant patients with both pyelonephritis and anemia are at an increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes compared with those with pyelonephritis without anemia.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). Patients with antepartum pyelonephritis-associated hospitalizations from October 2015 to December 2018 were included. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify pyelonephritis, anemia, maternal comorbidities, and severe maternal morbidities. The primary outcome was a composite of severe maternal morbidity, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control criteria. Univariate statistical methods, weighted to account for complex survey methods in the NRD, were used to assess for associations between anemia, baseline characteristics, and patient outcomes. Weighted logistic and Poisson regressions were used to assess for associations between anemia and outcomes, adjusting for clinical comorbidities and other confounding factors.
Results In total, 29,296 pyelonephritis admissions were identified, corresponding to a weighted national estimate of 55,135 admissions. Of these, 11,798 (21.3%) were anemic. The rate of severe maternal morbidity was higher among anemic patients than nonanemic patients (27.8 vs. 8.9%, respectively, p < 0.001), and remained higher after adjustment (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.86 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.67, 3.06]). Rates of individual components of severe maternal morbidities, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (4.0 vs. 0.6%, aRR 3.97 [95% CI: 3.10, 5.08]), sepsis (22.5 vs. 7.9%, aRR 2.64 [95% CI: 2.45, 2.85]), shock (4.5 vs. 0.6%, aRR 5.48 [95% CI: 4.32, 6.95]), and acute renal failure (2.9 vs. 0.8%, aRR 1.99 [95% CI: 1.55, 2.55]) were all higher for anemic pyelonephritis. The mean length of stay was also longer (25% average increase, 95% CI: 22, 28%).
Conclusion Among pregnant patients with pyelonephritis, those with anemia are at greater risk of severe maternal morbidity and longer hospital stay.
Key Points
Feasibility of Cerebellar Measurements with Phased Array Sonography through the Anterior Fontanelle in Comparison to MRI
Authors: Fernandez Alvarez Jose Ramon , Reulecke Bettina , Rabe Heike 
Published: June 2023

Objective Cerebral sonography (CS) through the anterior fontanelle is a neonatal brain imaging method that has become an integral part of modern neonatal bedside care for both screening and diagnostic purposes. Premature infants with cognitive delay have a reduction in cerebellar size at term corrected age on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to determine the level of agreement between postnatal MRI and CS for cerebellar biometry and to determine the level of agreement within one and between different examiners.
Study Design Cerebellar sonography and MRI measurements of the cerebellum from 30 term infants was assessed by Bland–Altman plots. Measurements between both modalities were compared using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. A p-value < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for intra- and interrater reliabilities of CS measurements were calculated.
Results There was no statistically significant difference between CS and MRI for linear measurements, but the measurements of perimeter and surface area differed significantly between the two techniques. There was a systematic bias between both modalities for most measurements except for anterior–posterior (AP) width and vermis height (VH). For measurements that were not statistically different from MRI, we found excellent intrarater ICC for the AP width, VH, and cerebellar width. The interrater ICC was excellent for the AP width and VH, but poor for the transverse cerebellar width.
Conclusion With a strict imaging protocol, cerebellar measurements of the AP width and the VH can be used as an alternative to MRI for diagnostic-screening purposes in a neonatal department where multiple clinicians perform bedside CS.
Key Points
Superior Vena Cava Flow in Preterm Infants and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gautam Bishal , Surak Aimann , Campbell Sandra M. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: June 2023

Superior vena cava (SVC) flow has been considered a surrogate marker of systemic blood flow in neonates. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association between low SVC flow recorded during the early neonatal period and neonatal outcomes. We searched the following databases (until December 9, 2020; updated October 21, 2022): PROSPERO, OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CDSR and Central), Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global, and SCOPUS using controlled vocabulary and key words representing the concepts “superior vena cava” and “flow” and “neonate.” Results were exported to COVIDENCE review management software. The search retrieved 593 records after the removal of duplicates, of which 11 studies (nine cohorts) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies included infants born at <30 weeks of gestation. The included studies were assessed as high risk of bias in terms of the incomparability of the study groups, with infants in the low SVC flow group noted to be more immature than those in the normal SVC flow group or subjected to different cointerventions. We did not conduct meta-analyses in view of the significant clinical heterogeneity noted in the included studies. We found little evidence to suggest that SVC flow in the early neonatal period is an independent predictor for adverse clinical outcomes in preterm infants. Included studies were assessed at high risk of bias. We conclude that SVC flow interpretation for prognostication or for making treatment decisions should be restricted to the research setting for now. We highlight the need for strengthened methods in future research studies.
Key Points
Validation and Feasibility of the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity Retinal Screening Criteria at a Level IV Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Johnson Barbara , Makkar Abhishek , Sessler Rachel , DeShea Lise , Siatkowski R Michael , Bhatti Faizah N. 
Published: June 2023

Objective Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is detected in preterm infants by standardized screening programs, but in general, they have poor sensitivity. The Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) algorithm uses weight gain to predict ROP superior reported sensitivity. Our objectives are to (1) independently validate the sensitivity of G-ROP criteria for the detection of ROP in infants born at >28 weeks' gestation in a tertiary care unit in the United States and (2) to calculate the cost savings associated with a potential reduction in examinations.
Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of retinal screening examination data, with post-hoc application of G-ROP criteria to determine whether G-ROP criteria had acceptable sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing Type 1 and Type 2 ROP. All infants born at >28 weeks who were screened by current American Academy of Pediatric Ophthalmologists/American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines at Oklahoma Children's Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, between 2014 and 2019, were included. Subset analysis of infants screened by second tier criteria was also performed. Potential cost savings were estimated by analyzing frequency of billing codes. And by calculating the number of infants who could have potentially been spared examination.
Results The G-ROP criteria had 100% sensitivity in detecting type 1 and 87.6% sensitivity in detecting type 2 ROP, which would have reduced infants screened by 50%. All infants in the second tier who would require treatment were detected. A cost saving of 49% was projected.
Conclusion The G-ROP criteria are easy to apply in real-world setting, thus establishing feasibility. The algorithm identified all cases of type 1 ROP; however, some cases of type 2 ROP were not detected. The annual savings in hospital examination cost by using these criteria would be 50%. Therefore, G-ROP criteria can safely be used to screen for ROP and may reduce the number of unnecessary examinations.
Key Points