bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on Ethnically Minoritised Carers in UK’s Care Home Settings: a Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Thompson Paul Wesley 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 has impacted disproportionately two groups in the UK: healthcare workers and people from ethnically minoritised groups. However, there is a lack of evidence on how COVID-19 affected ethnically minoritised carers in care homes. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the available evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 on ethnically minoritised carers in UK. The relevant records were systematically searched in Cochrane COVID‐19 Study Register and WHO COVID‐19 global literature. A total of 3164 records were retrieved. Following duplicate elimination and abstract, title, and full-text screening, 10 studies were identified as eligible for the present scoping review. Most of the studies were conducted in the UK and USA, involving diverse healthcare occupations and methodologies. Multiple studies found anxiety, depression, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder among carers with high odds among ethnically minoritised carers. Limited access to personal protective equipment and workplace discrimination was noted and linked with poor mental health. The carers reported difficulties in care delivery and managing extra workload arising from staff shortages. The risk of infection and clinically significant mental disorders was higher among carers from the ethnically minoritised background. They exhibited fear about care homes’ uncertain futures and consequential financial losses. Conclusively, COVID-19 appeared to exert adverse effects on practices and experiences of ethnically minoritised carers in the UK’s care homes; however, further studies are warranted to increase the understanding of COVID-19-related experiences of this group of carers which significantly contribute to the country’s healthcare system.
Implementing a Blood Pressure Measurement Curriculum for First-Year Medical Students
Authors: Fisher Margaret , Harris Ariel , Koonce Thomas , Beck Dallaghan Gary , Coe Catherine L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA core clinical skill medical students need to learn is obtaining an accurate blood pressure (BP) reading. We developed a standardized BP curriculum for first-year medical students. Medical students completed online modules and a hands-on skills session to learn BP skills. Pre- and post-surveys and an observed structured clinical encounter (OSCE) assessed student confidence and ability to accurately measure BP. Student confidence and mean OSCE scores (pre = 2.63, post = 6.51; p < 0.001) improved upon completion of the curriculum. The curriculum was feasible, well received, and improved student’s skills for taking an accurate BP.
Autonomous robotic exploration with region-biased sampling and consistent decision making
Authors: Wang Jin , Yu Huan , Zheng Zhi , Lu Guodong , Zhang Kewen , Zheng Tao , Fang Cong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a scheme for autonomous exploration in unknown environments using a mobile robot. To reduce the storage consumption and speed up the search of frontiers, we propose a wave-features-based rapidly exploring random tree method, which can inhibit or promote the growth of sampling trees regionally. Then, we prune the frontiers with mean shift algorithm and use the pruned frontiers for decision-making. To avoid the repeated exploration, we develop a decision making method with consistency assessment, in which the status of the robot and frontiers are explicitly encoded and modeled as a fixed start open traveling salesman problem (FSOTSP). Furthermore, a re-decision mechanism is build to reduce the extra computing cost. Simulations and real-world experiments show the significant improvement of the proposed scheme.
Autobiographien deutscher Politikwissenschaftler: Von Klaus Mehnert bis Bassam Tibi
Authors: Jesse Eckhard 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag analysiert alle Autobiographien deutscher Hochschullehrer im Fach Politikwissenschaft. Wenngleich in diesen vom Fach Politikwissenschaft meistens nur wenig die Rede ist, sind Netzwerke erkennbar. Die Autobiographien der beiden produktivsten Politikwissenschaftler Klaus von Beyme und Hans-Peter Schwarz beziehen sich nicht aufeinander. Wohl die Hauptgründe: Ihre wissenschaftlichen Ansätze und politischen Positionen unterscheiden sich deutlich.
Proof-of-Concept Study Evaluating the Performance and Physiologic Response of the FloStent Prostatic Stent in a Healthy Canine Model
Authors: Kadlec Adam , Doraiswamy Anand , Bravo Mike , Jacobs Haydee , Hacker Tim , Elterman Dean 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the deliverability, tolerability, and retrievability of a novel prostatic stent (the FloStent System™) in a healthy canine model. This was a non-randomized, as-treated study. Implantations were performed using a novel fluoroscopic technique. Animals were followed up to 30 days. No stent migration occurred; the stent was well tolerated; retrieval procedures were successful. Gross pathology and histopathological findings were consistent with minimal trauma caused by the implant procedures. The FloStent prostatic implant was demonstrated adequate functionality and safety in this healthy animal model, which supports plans for future use in human studies.
Understanding Health Fraud Offenders in China: An Emotional Labour Perspective
Authors: Xu Jianhua , Sun Guyu , Wu Sinan , Zhu Shangyi , Zhou You 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExisting literature has highlighted the importance of recognizing health fraud offenders’ intentional manipulations of victims’ vulnerabilities. However, the manipulation tactics of health fraud have received little attention. This study aims to extend the current understanding of health fraud by incorporating the concept of emotional labour. Nested in the Chinese context, which owns the most populous ageing population, three sets of qualitative data were collected, including 13 semi-structured interviews, 233 judicial documents, and 197 media reports. The findings suggest that health fraud offenders utilized three types of emotional labour as means of committing crime: including the labour of anxiety relief, the labour of filial piety, and the labour of social networking. This article not only provides novel insights into understanding health fraud, but also contributes to introducing the concept of emotional labour in criminological and socio-legal studies.
C and K band microwave penetration into snow on sea ice studied with off-the-shelf tank radars
Authors: Jutila Arttu , Haas Christian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Snow cover on sea ice poses a challenge for radar measurements as microwave penetration into snow is not yet fully understood. In this study, the aim is to investigate microwave penetration into snow on Arctic sea ice using commercial C (6 GHz) and K (26 GHz) band tank radars. Nadir-looking radar measurements collected at nine study locations over first-year and multiyear landfast sea ice in the Lincoln Sea in May 2018 are analysed together with detailed measurements of the physical properties of the snow cover to determine the dominant scattering horizons at both frequencies. They are evaluated for the feasibility to determine snow depth. The results show that in 39% of the measurements and only on first-year ice a major fraction of the C band radar backscatter originated closer to the snow–ice interface potentially enabling snow depth retrieval. At K band, 81% of the radar returns originated from the snow surface. Partly confirming the findings of previous studies, however, the analysis was potentially hampered by relatively warm air temperatures (up to

$-0.9^\circ$

C) during the study period as well as stratigraphic features and inconclusive microwave interaction with the saline basal layers found in the snow cover on first-year ice.
The Investment Case for Land Tenure Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cost–Benefit Analysis
Authors: Byamugisha Frank F.K. , Dubosse Nancy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGovernment is the custodian of the most critical (and limited) factor of production, namely, land. Assuring the security of tenure, arbitrating disputes, and facilitating the transfer or sales of titles renders the land market more efficient and less volatile, attracting investors and promoting sustainable urban development. Land tenure security is also a critical government service that has repercussions on agricultural productivity, housing development, business investment, and the development of urban areas. However, land administration is mired in corruptive practices, elite capture, and inefficient allocation. Globally, only 24% of rural areas are mapped (46 in urban areas), with approximately the same percentage registered, that is, 22%. In Africa, only about 14% of rural land is formally recorded in a public register. Land tenure security can take a variety of forms depending on national regulatory frameworks that allocate land and specify its use. Success stories include transferable user certificates in China and individual land titles in Rwanda. Systematic evaluation of the evidence on tenure programs demonstrates that improved tenure security increases agricultural output (40% on average), increases urban land values (25% on average), and increases household welfare (15% on average). Other observed country-specific benefits include additional years of schooling, better academic performance, access to credit, reforestation, and improved household nutrition. The costs of establishing tenure security in Sub-Saharan Africa include the separate costs of rural (US$ 3 billion) and urban (US$ 2.2 billion) land registration; the cost of digitizing land registries and information to improve efficiency and transparency (US$ 880 million), the cost of strengthening institutions and systems to resolve land disputes and manage expropriations (US$ 960 million) over a ten-year implementation period, and land administration operations and land records maintenance over 30 years (US$ 64 billion). The net present value (8%) of costs is US$ 21.7 billion for rural land tenure and US$ 5.3 billion for urban areas. The benefits of rural land registration were based on the observed 15% household wealth effect noted in the literature. The net present value (8%) of a 30-year benefits stream is US$ 396 billion. The benefit–cost ratio of completing and modernizing land registration and improving land administration coverage and effectiveness in rural Sub-Saharan Africa is 18. The benefits of urban land registration were based on the average 25% increase in property values observed in the literature. Using housing prices for the 20 largest, Sub-Saharan African countries, the net present value (8%) of the benefits over a 30-year period is US$ 237 billion, yielding a benefit–cost ratio of 45 when the average housing price is used. When the population-weighted housing price is used, benefits are valued at US$ 160 billion, yielding a benefit–cost ratio of 30.
Commuters: a waterbird provides a new view of how species may utilize cities and wildlands
Authors: Shlepr Katherine R , Evans Betsy A , Gawlik Dale E 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTraditional classifications of vertebrates’ responses to urbanization fail to capture the behaviour of those that rely on both urban and wildland resources for population persistence. Here, we use the wood stork (Mycteria americana), a species that makes daily foraging trips up to 74 km away from its nest, as an example of a previously unrecognized response to urbanization. We monitored nests and sampled diets at stork colonies in south Florida (USA) during 2014–2020 to investigate how storks use urban habitats. We found that urban development now comprises up to 51.6% of the land cover within the 30-km core foraging area surrounding colonies and that storks access alternative prey types within these urban areas. Our results also showed that urban-nesting storks outperformed wildland-nesting storks when the hydrological condition of the wetlands was suboptimal for foraging. Though storks still require healthy wetlands for population persistence, urban habitat benefitted storks when hydrological patterns were not ideal for prey production in wildlands. This ‘commuter’ response to urbanization, whereby individuals opt to utilize both urban and wildland resources within short time periods, may apply to other vertebrates with large home ranges.
Iron reduction as a viable metabolic pathway in Enceladus’ ocean
Authors: Roche Matthew J. , Fox-Powell Mark G. , Hamp Rachael E. , Byrne James M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent studies postulated the viability of a suite of metabolic pathways in Enceladus’ ocean motivated by the detection of H2 and CO2 in the plumes – evidence for available free energy for methanogenesis driven by hydrothermal activity at the moon's seafloor. However, these have not yet been explored in detail. Here, a range of experiments were performed to investigate whether microbial iron reduction could be a viable metabolic pathway in the ocean by iron-reducing bacteria such as Geobacter sulfurreducens. This study has three main outcomes: (i) the successful reduction of a number of crystalline Fe(III)-bearing minerals predicted to be present at Enceladus was shown to take place to differing extents using acetate as an electron donor; (ii) substantial bacterial growth in a simulated Enceladus ocean medium was demonstrated using acetate and H2(g) separately as electron donors; (iii) microbial iron reduction of ferrihydrite was shown to partially occur at pH 9, the currently accepted value for Enceladus’ ocean, whilst being severely hindered at the ambient ocean temperature of 0°. This study proposes the possibilities for biogeochemical iron cycling in Enceladus’ ocean, suggesting that a strain of iron-reducing bacteria can effectively function under Enceladus-like conditions.
Resolving the Tropical Pacific/Atlantic Interaction Conundrum
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhang Wenjun , Jin Fei‐Fei , Stuecker Malte F. , Timmermann Axel , McPhaden Michael J. , Boucharel Julien , Wittenberg Andrew T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the interaction between the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans has challenged the climate community for decades. Typically, boreal summer Atlantic Niño events are followed by vigorous Pacific events of opposite sign around two seasons later. However, incorporating the equatorial Atlantic information to variabilities internal to the Pacific lends no significant additional predictive skill for the subsequent El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Here we resolve this conundrum in a physically consistent frame, in which the nascent onset of a Pacific event rapidly induces an opposite‐signed summer equatorial Atlantic event and the lead correlation of Atlantic over Pacific is a statistical artifact of ENSO's autocorrelation. This Pacific‐to‐Atlantic impact is limited to a short window around late spring due to seasonally‐amplified Atlantic atmosphere‐ocean coupling. This new frame reconciles the discrepancies between the observed and multi‐model simulated inter‐basin relationship, providing a major advance in understanding seasonally‐modulated inter‐basin climate connections as well as their predictability.
Sedimentary Processes and the Temporal Resolution of Sedimentary Strata
Authors: Barefoot Eric A. , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Straub Kyle M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn appealing strategy for reconstructing the timing and tempo of paleoenvironmental change from sedimentary strata is to linearly interpolate between marker beds of known age. This method requires significant assumptions, but more advanced age modeling methods are usually not feasible. We used experiments to explore how changes in sedimentary processes invalidate these assumptions and affect estimates of time from the strata. When sedimentary processes changed to favor widespread deposition, we found that measuring time linearly systematically overestimated time duration from the resulting strata (time dilation) and misestimated the beginning and end of geologic intervals (phase shifting). When simple age models must be used for sedimentary strata, geologic evidence for transient changes in spatial sediment dispersal may help identify sections of dilated and shifted time, and better resolve time in sedimentary strata.
Occurrence and Origin of Nanoscale Grain Boundary Channels Under Diagenetic Conditions
Authors: Wright Erick , Landry Christopher J. , Eichhubl Peter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNatural fractures in shale and sandstone that formed under diagenetic and metamorphic conditions are frequently filled with mineral cement that lack residual fracture porosity visible under the petrographic microscope and that are generally interpreted to be impermeable. Scanning electron microscopy of calcite, dolomite, quartz, and barite fracture cement from low‐permeability, diagenetically altered shale and sandstone formations provides evidence of open and variably connected elongate pores or gaps with apertures of 10–600 nm, referred to as nanoscale grain boundary channels (NGBC). Electron backscatter diffraction of samples prepared using broad ion‐beam milling shows that NGBCs occur along grain boundaries of blocky or columnar fracture cement. Grain boundaries are either faceted or display undulation at the nanometer scale. NGBCs tend to increase in aperture with increasing maximum formation burial temperature, indicating dissolution‐precipitation kinetics influences grain boundary structure. Transmission electron microscopy reveals heterogeneous crystallographic domains with possible amorphous regions bridging across grain boundary channels. We propose a model of dynamic concurrent dissolution‐precipitation along grain boundaries that preserves NGBCs in carbonate and quartz fracture cements that have experienced diagenetic to low‐grade metamorphic conditions. While partially healed, NGBCs may be sufficiently connected to increase permeability of low‐permeability formations containing cemented fractures.
Development and Application of the Branched and Isoprenoid GDGT Machine Learning Classification Algorithm (BIGMaC) for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction
Authors: Martínez‐Sosa Pablo , Tierney Jessica E. , Pérez‐Angel Lina C. , Stefanescu Ioana C. , Guo Jingjing , Kirkels Frédérique , Sepúlveda Julio , Peterse Francien , Shuman Bryan N. , Reyes Alberto V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), both archaeal isoprenoid GDGTs (isoGDGTs) and bacterial branched GDGTs (brGDGTs), have been used in paleoclimate studies to reconstruct environmental conditions. Since GDGTs are produced in many types of environments, their relative abundances also depend on the depositional setting. This suggests that the distribution of GDGTs also preserves useful information that can be used more broadly to infer these depositional environments in the geological past. Here, we combined existing iso‐ and brGDGT relative abundance data with newly analyzed samples to generate a database of 1,153 samples from several modern sedimentary settings. We observed a robust relationship between the depositional environment and the relative abundances of GDGTs in our samples. This data set was used to train and test the Branched and isoGDGT Machine learning Classification (BIGMaC) algorithm, which identifies the environment a sample comes from based on the distribution of GDGTs with high precision and recall (F1 = 0.95). We tested the model on the sedimentary record from the Giraffe kimberlite pipe, an Eocene maar in subantarctic Canada, and found that the BIGMaC reconstruction agrees with independent stratigraphic and palynological information, provides new information about the paleoenvironment of this site, and helps improve its paleotemperature reconstruction. In contrast, we also include an example from the PETM‐aged Cobham lignite as a cautionary example that illustrates the limitations of the algorithm. We propose that in cases where paleoenvironments are unknown or are changing, BIGMaC can be applied in concert with other proxies to generate more refined paleoclimate records.
Effect of eucalyptus oil on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis growth
Authors: Balhaddad Abdulrahman A. , AlSheikh Rasha N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
There is a significant apprehension in medicine and dentistry concerning the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, as it composes a significant threat to global health, particularly oral health. The growing concern that oral pathogens may develop resistance against standard preventive measures raises the need for alternative measures to prevent these pathogens’ growth without inducing microbial resistance. Therefore, this study aims to assess the antibacterial properties of eucalyptus oil (EO) against two main oral disease pathogens, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococci faecalis.

Methods
S. mutans and E. faecalis biofilms were initiated using brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth supplemented with 2% sucrose with and without diluted EO. After 24 h of biofilm formation, total absorbance was measured via spectrophotometer; then, the biofilm was fixed, stained with crystal violet dye, and measured at 490 nm. An Independent t-test was used to compare the outcomes.

Results
Diluted EO revealed significant total absorbance reduction against S. mutans and E. faecalis compared to the control (p ≤ 0.001). For the biofilm measurement, S. mutans and E. faecalis biofilms were reduced by around 60- and 30-fold, respectively, compared to the group with no EO (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion
Based on this study’s results, using EO as an organic compound could be considered an adjunctive tool in preventing the growth of oral pathogens causing dental caries and endodontic infection.
USP11-mediated LSH deubiquitination inhibits ferroptosis in colorectal cancer through epigenetic activation of CYP24A1
Authors: Duan Junyi , Huang Daoyuan , Liu Cheng , Lv Yangbo , Zhang Lei , Chang Fen , Zeng Xiangyu , Li Li , Wang Weiping , Shao Genze 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells evade ferroptosis despite their requirement of substantial iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to sustain active metabolism and extensive proliferation. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Herein, we report the role of lymphoid-specific helicase (LSH), a chromatin-remodeling protein, in suppressing erastin-induced ferroptosis in CRC cells. We demonstrate that erastin treatment leads to dose- and time-dependent downregulation of LSH in CRC cells, and depletion of LSH increases cell sensitivity to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, LSH interacts with and is stabilized by ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) via deubiquitination; this interaction was disrupted by erastin treatment, resulting in increased ubiquitination and LSH degradation. Moreover, we identified cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1) as a transcriptional target of LSH. LSH binds to the CYP24A1 promoter, promoting nucleosome eviction and reducing H3K27me3 occupancy, thus leading to transcription of CYP24A1. This cascade inhibits excessive intracellular Ca2+ influx, thereby reducing lipid peroxidation and ultimately conferring resistance to ferroptosis. Importantly, aberrant expression of USP11, LSH, and CYP24A1 is observed in CRC tissues and correlates with poor patient prognosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates the crucial role of the USP11/LSH/CYP24A1 signaling axis in inhibiting ferroptosis in CRC, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in CRC treatment.