bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a surgical model for posthepatectomy liver failure in rats
Authors: Lund Andrea , Meier Michelle , Andersen Kasper Jarlhelt , Pedersen Marie Ingemann , Knudsen Anders Riegels , Kirkegård Jakob , Mortensen Frank Viborg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe upper limit for liver resections in rats is approximately 90%. In the early postoperative phase, mortality increases. The aim of the present study was to validate the rat model of 90% partial hepatectomy (PH) as a model of post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). Further, we wanted to test a quantitative scoring system as a detector of lethal outcomes caused by PHLF in rats.MethodsSixty‐eight rats were randomized to 90% PH, sham operation, or no surgery. Further, block randomization was performed based on time of euthanization: 12, 24, or 48 h after surgery. A general distress score (GDS) ≥10 during the day or ≥6 at midnight prompted early euthanization and classification as nonsurvivor. Animals euthanized as planned were classified as survivors. During euthanization, blood and liver tissue were collected, and liver‐specific biochemistry was evaluated.ResultsBased on the biochemical results, all animals subjected to 90% PH experienced PHLF. Seventeen rats were euthanized due to irreversible PHLF. The GDS increased for nonsurvivors within 12–18 h after surgery. The mean time for euthanization was 27 h after surgery.ConclusionBased on the GDS and liver‐specific biochemistry, we concluded that the model of 90% PH seems to be a proper model for investigating PHLF in rats. As a high GDS is associated with increased mortality, the GDS appears to be valuable in detecting lethal outcomes caused by PHLF in rats.
Ruthenium‐Photokatalyse verknüpft mit 1,2‐Dioxetan‐vermittelter Chemilumineszenz: Eine vielseitige Kombination zum optischen Detektieren und Auslesen
Authors: Köckenberger Johannes , Thurston Ryan , Sauer Caroline , Oppl Janina , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSysteme zur optischen Speicherung und zur Quantifizierung von Photonen, welche auf sensitiven Photoreaktionen basieren, haben zahlreiche Anwendungen. In dieser Arbeit berichten wir von einer hocheffizienten photokatalysierten Reaktion, in der die Photoredoxkatalyse über einen Rutheniumkatalysator mit einem 1,2‐Dioxetan kombiniert wird, von dem aus Chemilumineszenz ausgelöst werden kann. Die Bestrahlung mit blauem Licht, die als optische Eingabe dient, korreliert in diesem System definiert mit der basen‐induzierten Emission blauen Lichts. Vergleiche des Auslesens mittels 1H NMR und Chemilumineszenz, jeweils in Abhängigkeit der vorherigen Bestrahlung, unterstreichen die Zuverlässigkeit und Anwendbarkeit des Ruthenium‐Dioxetan‐Systems für optische Datenspeicherung, optische Messungen und die Detektion von Photokatalysatoren.
Ultrasound‐assisted formic acid–choline chloride deep eutectic solvent pretreatment of cotton straw to extracted lignin
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Ren Tiantian , Wu Jianning , Meng Guihua , Yang Shengchao , Cui Lin , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Xuhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeep eutectic solvent (DES) is a new type of green solvent that can be used for the separation of lignocellulosic components. In this study, ultrasound‐assisted DES pretreatment was used to treat cotton straw, which could retain most of the cellulose in cotton straw and separate hemicellulose and lignin at the same time. Here, DESs with different molar ratios were prepared using choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor and formic acid as hydrogen bond donor. Simultaneously changing the ultrasonic frequency and DESs synergistic extraction of lignin. Results show that the ultrasonic power is 32 kHz (room temperature), ultrasound 30 min, oil bath heat 3 h under the best conditions can significantly extract lignin, and the yield of lignin is 87.7% and the purity reached 97.3%. The characteristic peaks of FT‐IR confirmed the extraction of lignin. The structural characteristics of 2D‐HSQC also confirmed the effective separation of lignin, and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the effect of ultrasound‐assisted DES pretreatment on lignocellulose structure. In short, this study provides a feasible method for the separation of lignocellulose.
On design of time‐varying feedback control for a class of second‐order nonlinear systems
Authors: Li Feigao , Li Pengyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper solves the tracking problem by designing the time‐varying control for a class of nonlinear pendulum system. First, by analyzing the pendulum dynamics, we get a second‐order nonlinear strict‐feedback system, and the tracking problem is converted into a stabilizing problem of this nonlinear system. Then, we consider a candidate output feedback control with time‐varying parameters, and analyze the system dynamics to get the stabilizing condition through utilizing the backstepping approach. Although this condition is nonlinear, which is not easy to be solved, under some special conditions, the parameters can be calculated. Finally, the simulation on the tracking problem for the pendulum system is presented, which verifies our results.
Current and lasting effects of affect labeling on late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes elicited by negative events
Authors: Liang Jiafeng , Lin Huiyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionLabeling the emotional aspect of self‐unrelated stimuli (i.e., affect labeling) is a crucial strategy for implicit emotion regulation. However, it is uncertain whether affect labeling influences event‐related potential (ERP) responses (e.g., the late positive potential, LPP) to negative stimuli in comparison with control conditions in which attention is shifted to the emotional content of the stimuli (e.g., affect matching). Additionally, it is unknown whether affect labeling has a lasting effect on the processing of negative stimuli.MethodsParticipants were required to label the emotion (negative or neutral) of target pictures with two words, to match the emotion with alternative pictures or to merely view the target pictures. Target pictures were presented again immediately after the regulation task. After all the target pictures had been labeled, matched and viewed, the pictures were re‐exposed for the third time.ResultsThe results showed that negative pictures elicited larger late LPP responses during the affect labeling task than during other tasks. However, the LPP responses were smaller for negative pictures in the affect labeling condition than in the other conditions when target pictures were re‐exposed immediately after the task. When target pictures were re‐presented again long after the regulation tasks, the LPP responses were smaller for negative stimuli with a history of affect labeling than viewing, whereas this effect did not differ between the affect labeling and matching conditions.ConclusionThe current findings suggest that affect labeling has current effects and, to some extent, has lasting effects on negative stimulus processing.
A preoperative nomogram model for the prediction of lymph node metastasis in buccal mucosa cancer
Authors: Chen Qian , Wei Rui , Li Shan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to construct a nomogram model predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa based on preoperative clinical characteristics.MethodsPatients who underwent radical resection of a primary tumor in the buccal mucosa with neck dissection were enrolled. Clinical characteristics independently associated with LNM in multivariate analyses were adopted to build the model. Patients at low risk of LNM were defined by a predicted probability of LNM of less than 5%.ResultsPatients who underwent surgery in an earlier period (January 2015–November 2019) were defined as the model development cohort (n = 325), and those who underwent surgery later (November 2019–March 2021) were defined as the validation cohort (n = 140). Age, tumor differentiation, tumor thickness, and clinical N stage assessed by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (cN) were independent predictors of LNM. The nomogram model based on these four predictors showed good discrimination accuracy in both the model development and validation cohorts, with areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.814 and 0.828, respectively. LNM prediction by the nomogram model was superior to cN in AUC comparisons (0.815 vs. 0.753) and decision curve analysis of the whole cohort. Seventy‐one patients were defined as having a low risk of LNM, among whom the actual metastasis rate was only 1.4%.ConclusionsA robust nomogram model for preoperative LNM prediction is built.
3D mesh pose transfer based on skeletal deformation
Authors: Yang Shigeng , Yin Mengxiao , Li Ming , Li Guiqing , Chang Kan , Yang Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor 3D mesh pose transfer, the target model is obtained by transferring the pose of the reference mesh to the source mesh, where the shape and pose of the source are usually different from that of the reference. In this paper, pose transfer is considered as a deformation process of the source mesh, and we propose a 3D mesh pose transfer method based on skeletal deformation. First, we design a neural network based on the edge convolution operator to extract the skeleton of the 3D mesh and bind the rigid weights; then, we calculate the bone transformations between the two skeletons with different poses and use the diffusion equation to smooth the rigid weights; finally, the source mesh is deformed according to the bone transformations and the smooth weights to get the target mesh. Experiment results on different datasets show that the pose of the reference mesh can be effectively transferred to the source one while maintaining the shape and high‐quality geometric details of the source mesh by using our method.
Lipid‐, Inorganic‐, Polymer‐, and DNA‐Based Nanocarriers for Delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Song Nachuan , Chu Yiwen , Tang Jianpu , Yang Dayong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been widely explored for the precise manipulation of target DNA and has enabled efficient genomic editing in cells. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has shown promising potential in biomedical applications, including disease treatment, transcriptional regulation and genome‐wide screening. Despite these exciting achievements, efficient and controlled delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has remained a critical obstacle to its further application. Herein, we elaborate on the three delivery forms of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and discuss the composition, advantages and limitations of these forms. Then we provide a comprehensive overview of the carriers of the system, and focus on the nonviral nanocarriers in chemical methods that facilitate efficient and controlled delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of the delivery methods of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in depth, and propose strategies to address the intracellular and extracellular barriers to delivery in clinical applications.
Highly Chemoselective Zn+2‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkynes
Authors: Raz Itay , Dobrovetsky Roman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrosilylation of C=C double and C≡C triple bonds is one of the most widely used processes in organosilicon chemistry, mostly catalyzed by Pt‐based complexes. Herein, the synthesis of a dicationic Zn+2‐based complex with a tripodal tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) ligand is reported which was found to be a highly chemoselective catalyst for hydrosilylation reactions of alkynes. Mechanistic studies revealed that unlike typical Zn‐catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions where the key step is the activation of the Si−H bond, this system catalyzes the hydrosilylation reaction through the activation of C≡C triple bonds, which presumably is the reason for its high chemoselectivity. Remarkably, the hydrosilylation of alkynes could be performed in the presence of alkenes and other functional groups that remained intact in this reaction.
Using transient energy release measurements for the in‐line characterization ofnon‐Newtonianfluids and fluid state in pipe flow
Authors: Hefft Daniel Ingo , Alberini Federico 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlberini et al. have developed a new technology based on a passive acoustic emission (AE) sensing system that uses only a single sensor, with the goal of providing live and in‐situ measurement of rheology. For this study, three different types of fluids were selected to represent common rheological behaviours: Newtonian behaviour, non‐Newtonian behaviour with power law, and non‐Newtonian behaviour with Herschel–Bulkley relationship. By analyzing the transient energy released during the interaction between the probe and the fluid, distinct acoustic fingerprints were identified in the frequency domain. These acoustic fingerprints were found to be characteristic of the different fluids and their rheology, and were validated in triplicate. Furthermore, the results showed that the intensity of the acoustic emissions increased with higher flow rates (30 to 50 L/min). To test the correlation between flow rate and acoustic response, a neural network regression test was conducted, which demonstrated a direct correlation between AE peaks and flow rate. The neural network used was nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX), and the test involved a stepwise regression with 70% training and 30% network validation. The study also introduced the Rheology‐AE quotient, which maps fluid constituents against the acoustic signal. Results showed that this was a reliable means of deriving live rheology from a fluid's frequency domain. Finally, the results obtained from this study were validated using an offline rotational rheometer.
Orientational Isomerism and Its Reactivity of a Main Group Sandwich Anion [Ge9‐In‐Ge9]5–
Authors: Xu Hong‐Lei , Qiao Lei , Sun Zhong‐Ming 
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive SummaryTwo isomers of a sandwich‐type anion [Ge9‐In‐Ge9]5– were synthesized by controlling the chelating agents (2,2,2‐crypt/18‐C‐6). Further reactions with early/late transition metal complexes, Mo(CO)6 and Ni(COD)2, respectively, yielded two new types of inorganic sandwich derivatives: a half‐sandwich cluster [Ge9‐In‐Mo(CO)5]3– with a low‐valence In(I) center and an unsymmetrical sandwich‐type cluster {[(Ni@Ge9)In(Ni0.648@Ge9)]}5– due to the insertion of Ni atoms, respectively. The isolation of these new derivatives demonstrates the reactivity of sandwich‐type [Ge9‐In‐Ge9]5– acting as the precursor, which provides some enlightenment for constructing new inorganic sandwich compounds.
Climate‐related armed conflict and communities' resistance to Rural Grazing Area settlement policy in Nigeria's Middlebelt
Authors: Ojo John Sunday 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn Nigeria, resource contests have sparked unending ecological conflict. As a result, conflict resolution measures have been proposed to mitigate climate‐related conflict. However, the acceptance of such policies is hampered by ethnic suspicions, communities' exclusion, religious sensitivities, and a lack of political will. State policies are frequently based on centralized resources, which is exacerbated by the complexities of power relations between central and sub‐national authorities. Thus, this article examines communities' resistance to the Rural Grazing Area (RUGA) settlement policy in Nigeria's Middlebelt using Benue state as a reference point. The study employed a quantitative method using questionnaires. The study used a sample size of 385 questionnaires administered in Guma, Gwer‐West, Gwer‐East, Ukum, and Logo local governments in Benue state. Therefore, the article found that the failure of communities' inclusivity substantially contributed to the local revolt against the RUGA settlement policy. Specifically, the study's findings demonstrate that the possibility of losing ancestral lands, the past experience of the host communities, ethnic and political factors, and poor policy awareness were the primary factors that reinforced communities' resistance to RUGA policy. Moreover, the government's over‐reliance on an authoritarian mechanism and wrong policy choices compounded by a non‐inclusive approach contributed to policy failure to gain acceptability at the grassroots level in Benue state. As an intervention, the article recommends democratically inclusive conflict resolution strategies for climate‐related armed conflict in the region.
A unified black‐box macro model for analog circuit based on artificial neural network
Authors: Zhao Tian , Wei Jiahao , Lan Bijian , Peng Qing , Wan Jing ,   Senior Member, IEEE
Published: May 2023

SummaryA novel unified black‐box macro model for analog circuits is presented. This black‐box macro model enables the creation of a high‐accuracy DC and AC macro model by modeling the port voltages and currents of analog circuits using an artificial neural network (ANN). The modeling process for different analog circuit blocks is the same, as the model can be modeled by extracting only the port values. The operational amplifier (OPAMP), which is an important module of the analog circuit, is taken as an example for the verification of the model proposed in this work. The black‐box macro model of OPAMP is used for DC, AC, and transient simulations. The simulation speed of the black‐box macro model is much better than that of the transistor‐level model, and the trade‐off between accuracy and speed can be freely adjusted. The black‐box macro model of OPAMP is also validated by bandgap and low dropout regulators (LDO). To verify the accuracy of the model, the experimental measurement results of the LDO circuit fabricated in the 0.18 μm process have been obtained. Compared with the measurement results, the simulation results of both transistor and black‐box macro models have high accuracy. Those results demonstrate the great potential of the black‐box macro model in analog circuit design and simulation.
Modeling the interaction between salmon management and consumption by coastal brown bears
Authors: Deacy William W. , Leacock William B. , Armstrong Jonathan B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHarvest management policy for species with strong trophic connections can reverberate through food webs and cause unintended consequences, such as altering the abundance of a harvested species' predators or prey. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.), a key food for many predators and an economically valuable harvested species, is generally managed for maximum sustained harvests without explicit consideration for the freshwater and terrestrial food webs that they support. The density of brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations in Alaska, USA, is correlated with the amount of salmon they can access and consume, so it seems likely their populations are inadvertently affected by salmon management. We simulated the effect of salmon management policy on brown bears by customizing a general bear–salmon model using empirical data from three watersheds in southwest Kodiak, Alaska. Our goal was to quantify the effect of current salmon management policy (i.e., escapement goals and early/late run allocations) on salmon consumption by brown bears. Bears in the individually‐based model evaluated the value of each foraging site based on salmon abundance, salmon vulnerability, and competition with other bears and made movement decisions (among salmon spawning sites) accordingly. A validation of the model based on empirical brown bear foraging data revealed that simulated bears selected the same salmon spawning locations but visited more sites and fished for more days compared to real bears. In simulations across variables (salmon abundance, phenological variation, bear competition, and bear density), consumption of salmon by bears was remarkably resilient to changes in salmon abundance within the range of current high and low escapement goals, as long as all run‐timing variation and salmon sub‐populations were preserved. Mean salmon consumption increased by ~20% as escapement approximately doubled from the regional lower escapement goal of 625,000 to the upper goal of 1,270,000, but rapidly declined if salmon abundance decreased below the minimum escapement goal. In this system, salmon management policy, designed to achieve maximum sustained yield, also provides adequate salmon for the current bear population. This model creates a potentially useful tool for assessing the knock‐on effects of future changes to salmon management policy.
Application of different proportions of sweet sorghum silage as a substitute for corn silage in dairy cows
Authors: Lv Xiaokang , Chen Liang , Zhou Chuanshe , Zhang Guijie , Xie Jingjing , Kang Jinhe , Tan Zhiliang , Tang Shaoxun , Kong Zhiwei , Liu Zixin , Du Zhiyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis experiment explored the effects of different proportions of sweet sorghum silage as a substitute for corn silage on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk quality, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, serum amino acid profile, and rumen microbial composition of dairy cows. A total of 32 mid‐lactation Holstein dairy cows with similar body weights and parities were randomly divided into four treatments: 100% corn silage +0% sorghum silage (CON), 75% corn silage +25% sorghum silage (CS1), 50% corn silage +50% sorghum silage (CS2), and 25% corn silage +75% sorghum silage (CS3). The milk yield was increased (linear, p = .048) as the proportion of sweet sorghum increased. Linear (p = .003) and quadratic (p = .046) increased effects were observed in milk fat as corn silage was replaced with sorghum silage. Compared with the CON diet group, the CS2 and CS3 diet groups had lower dry matter (DM) (linear, p < .001), ether extract (EE) (linear, p < .001), and gross energy (GE) (linear, p = .001) digestibility of the dairy cows. The ruminal fluid aspartate (Asp) level decreased (linear, p = .003) as the proportion of sweet sorghum increased. Linear (p < .05) and quadratic (p < .05) increased effects were observed for the contents of threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), valine (Val), leucine (Leu), tyrosine (Tyr), and histidine (His) in rumen fluid with the replacement of corn silage with sorghum silage. Cows fed the CS3 diet had greater Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, and Prevotella ruminicola content/copy number than those fed the CON diet (p < .05). In conclusion, feeding sorghum silage as a replacement for corn silage could increase the milk yield and fat, promote the growth of rumen microbes, and provide more rumen fluid amino acids for the body and microbial utilization. We believe that sorghum silage is feasible for dairy cows, and it is reasonable to replace corn silage with 75% sorghum silage.
Characteristics of imitation Mozzarella cheese manufactured without emulsifying salts using a combination of culture‐based acid curd and micellar casein concentrate
Authors: Hammam Ahmed R. A. , Metzger Lloyd E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to develop a process to produce acid curd from micellar casein concentrate (MCC) using starter cultures and to manufacture imitation Mozzarella cheese (IMC) using a combination of acid curd and MCC that would confer emulsification ability to the caseins without the use of emulsifying salts (ES). The formulations were targeted to produce IMC with 49.0% moisture, 20.0% fat, 18.0% protein, and 1.5% salt. In the IMC formulation made without ES (FR‐2:1), the acid curd was blended with MCC so that the formula contained a 2:1 ratio of protein from acid curd relative to MCC. IMC with ES was also produced as a control. The melt and stretch characteristics of IMC made from FR‐2:1 were similar to those of control IMC. We conclude that IMC can be made without ES using a 2:1 ratio of protein from acid curd relative to MCC.