bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plain language summary of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine protection against COVID-19 and its safety in participants 12- to 15-years-old
Authors: Frenck Robert W , Klein Nicola P , Kitchin Nicholas , Gurtman Alejandra , Absalon Judith , Lockhart Stephen , Perez John L , Walter Emmanuel B , Senders Shelly , Bailey Ruth , Swanson Kena A , Ma Hua , Xu Xia , Koury Kenneth , Kalina Warren V , Cooper David , Jennings Timothy , Brandon Donald M , Thomas Stephen J , Türeci Özlem , Tresnan Dina B , Mather Susan , Dormitzer Philip R , Şahin Uğur , Jansen Kathrin U , Gruber William C 
Published: January 2023

What is this summary about? This is a summary of an article about part of a clinical study for the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, also called the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The article was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2021. This summary describes how the vaccine worked in participants 12- to 15-years old. The part of the study described in the article is ongoing and expected to finish March 2023. This means that the final results may be different from the results included in this summary. What happened in this study? The part of the study described in this summary included participants 12- to 15-years old who had no serious health issues. The BNT162b2 vaccine had already been studied in participants 16 years of age or older. In this part of the study, the researchers wanted to find out: How effective and safe the vaccine was in participants 12- to 15-years old. What the immune response to the vaccine and the vaccine safety were like in 12- to 15-year-olds compared with 16- to 25-year-olds. How well the vaccine prevented SARS-CoV-2 infections in participants who received the vaccine compared to those who did not. This is also called efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine Half of the participants in this study received 2 injections of the BNT162b2 vaccine and half received 2 injections of a placebo in a muscle of the upper arm. The placebo looked like the BNT162b2 vaccine but did not have any active vaccine in it. What were the results? BNT162b2 had a favorable safety profile. The most common reactions were pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. None of the participants had serious reactions to the vaccine. The 12- to 15-year-old participants' immune system responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine were as good as or stronger than the 16- to 25-year-old participants' immune responses. The participants who received the BNT162b2 vaccine were less likely to get COVID-19 compared with the participants who got the placebo. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04368728 ( ClinicalTrials.gov )
A Probabilistic Multi Stage Approach for Statistical Downscaling of Temperature Data
Authors: George Jose , P Athira 
Published: January 2023

Near Surface Air Temperature is an important climatic variable that
affects the hydrological response of a river basin, and forms an input
to most of the hydrological models. General Circulation Models (GCMs)
simulate the response of temperature and other climate variables to the
variations in emission concentrations, but their outputs are too coarse
to be used in most hydrological models. A multi stage statistical
downscaling approach is proposed for downscaling GCM predicted
temperatures. In the first stage the Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) is
used to develop a statistical model between the GCM simulated historical
climate variables and the observed historical temperature for spatially
downscaling monthly GCM simulations. A weather generator is then used to
generate daily data from the spatially downscaled temperature data. On
fine scales, lack of correlation between precipitation and temperature
data used for hydrological modelling can lead to large uncertainties in
the generated hydrological series. Thus, a distribution free post
processing is performed for reproducing the observed regional
correlation between temperature and precipitation, in the generated
temperature data. The methodology is then applied to the Bharathapuzha
catchment in Kerala, India, to downscale temperature from the climate
models BNU-ESM, CESM1-BGC, CMCC-ESM2, FGOALS-G2, FIO-ESM-2.0 and
MIROC4h. The statistical models set up using RVM show consistent
performance during the calibration (1969-1980) and validation
(1981-2005) phases, with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) between 0.64 to
0.83. The weather generator is then run to generate daily temperature
data from the monthly downscaled series. Across the different climate
models, daily maximum temperature is generated with RMSE between 2.5°C
to 3.3°C, while the minimum temperature has RMSE ranging from 1.7°C to
2.0°C. The probabilistic nature of the procedure enables the generation
of multiple series from the same set of predictors. The simulation band
from the multiple GCMs is studied for the period 2016 to 2021 to
understand the deviation in predicted temperature for the future
scenario. The prediction band for maximum temperature has an average
band width of 6.7°C and for minimum temperature, the average band width
is 4.9°C.
Changes in Absorbing Aerosol Properties during Transport in the Southeast Atlantic
Authors: Fakoya Abdulamid A , Redemann Jens , Flynn Connor J , Saide Pablo E , Gao Lan , Mitchell Logan T 
Published: January 2023

Biomass burning (BB) is one of the largest sources of absorbing aerosols
globally and accounts for about 40% of black carbon in the atmosphere.
The Southern African region contributes approximately 35% of Earth’s BB
aerosol emissions. During the Southern Hemisphere winter, smoke is
transported over the southeast Atlantic Ocean, overlying and mixing with
a semi-permanent stratocumulus cloud deck. Aerosol-cloud interactions
contribute the largest uncertainty to anthropogenic forcing, and the
southeast Atlantic region exhibits a large model-to-model divergence of
climate forcing. This makes the region particularly valuable for
understanding these interactions and was one of the factors motivating
the three-year NASA ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and
their intEractionS) mission. Previous studies using ORACLES datasets
have explored the distribution of aerosol and cloud particles, however,
changes in some aerosol properties during transport are not well
documented.
This study investigates the evolution of biomass burning aerosol
properties from emission within Southern Africa, transport over land,
and then over the Atlantic. Measurements from a collection of airborne
in situ and remote-sensing instruments including 4STAR (Spectrometer for
Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research) along with ground-based
AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) are combined with results from two
regional models, the WRF-AAM and WRF-CAM5 to explore the changes in the
optical properties of these smoke plumes as they age. The aerosol age is
determined using tracers from the WRF-AAM configured with 12 km
resolution over the region’s spatial domain (41 ºS – 14 ºN, 34 ºW – 51
ºE). Changes in extinction, single scattering Albedo (SSA) and angstrom
exponent (AE) with age as well as a comparative analysis between
observations and model results were carried out using datasets from
airborne PSAP (Particle Soot Absorption Photometer) and nephelometers,
4STAR, AERONET, and WRF-CAM5.
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING DENGAN TALKING STICK KELAS V SDN 107103 LANTASAN BARU T.A 2018/2019
Authors: Karo-Karo Demmu , Siregar Arifin , Wulandari Diah 
Published: January 2023

ABSRACT The study aims to determine differen in student learning outcome taught with snowball throwing learning model with the talking stick learning model. The type of research is Quasi experiment. This study was conducted at Publik Elementary School 107103 Lantasan baru in even semester T.P 2018/2019. The study population was class V witch consisted of 2 class totaling 50 people namely class V A and V B. The result of the study concluded that there were significant differences between the natural science learning outcomes of VA class student who were thought using the snowball throwing model with the VB class thought by using the talking stick model on the subject matter of Attraction. Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Snowball Throwing ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa diajar dengan model pembelajaran snowball throwing dengan model pembelajaran talking stick. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen semu atau quasi eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 107103 Lantasan Baru pada semester genap T.P 2018/2019. Populasi penelitian adalah kelas V yang terdiri dari 2 kelas berjumlah 50 orang, yaitu kelas VA dan VB. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas VA yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran snowball throwing dengan kelas V B yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran talking stick pada materi gaya. Kata Kunci : Snowball Throwing , Talking Stick
PENERAPAN MODEL THINK PAIR SHARE BERBANTUAN MEDIA PAPI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Nadriyah Nisafatun , Ardianti Sekar Dwi , Santoso Santoso 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to describe student learning outcomes through Think Pair Share learning outcomes through the Think Pair Share learning model assisted by Papi media (Smart Board) on the theme 7 The Beauty of Diversity in My Country in Indonesian Language Content and PPKn at SDN Sukobubuk 01. classroom action research. Researchers used qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that the learning outcomes of the first cycle 74.5% then increased in the second cycle to 82% with good criteria. From the results of classroom action research conducted in grade IV SDN Sukobubuk 01, it can be concluded that the application of the Think Pair Share model assisted by Papi media can improve student learning outcomes on the theme 7 Beautiful Diversity in My Country. Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Think Pair Share Papi Media ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa melalui hasil belajar Think Pair Share melalui model pembelajaran Think Pair Share berbantuan media Papi (Smart Board) pada tema 7 Indahnya Keragaman di Negaraku dalam Isi Bahasa Indonesia dan PPKn di SDN Sukobubuk 01. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian tindakan kelas. Peneliti menggunakan analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hasil belajar siklus I 74,5% kemudian meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 82% dengan kriteria baik. Dari hasil penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan di kelas IV SDN Sukobubuk 01 dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Think Pair Share berbantuan media Papi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada tema 7 Beautiful Diversity in My Country. Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar, Think Pair Share Media Papi
BENTUK KETERAMPILAN MENDONGENG SISWA KELAS RENDAH SD UNGGULAN MUSLIMAT NU KUDUS
Authors: Baehaqi Uzlifatul , Fathurrohman Irfai , Ahsin Muhammad Noor 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the storytelling skills of low-grade students at SD Unggulan Muslimat NU Kudus. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The results of this study indicate that lower grade students at SD Unggulan Muslimat NU Kudus have good storytelling skills. Of the 8 students who were the research subjects, there were 1 student who had low category storytelling skills, 3 students who had medium category storytelling skills. And there are 4 students who have high category storytelling abilities. Of the 8 students, most of them were students with high category storytelling abilities, so it could be concluded that the storytelling ability of lower class students at SD Unggulan Muslimat NU Kudus was good. Keywords: Soft Skill, Fairy Tales, Storytelling ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keterampilan bercerita siswa kelas rendah di SD Unggulan Muslimat NU Kudus. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas bawah di SD Unggulan Muslimat NU Kudus memiliki kemampuan bercerita yang baik. Dari 8 siswa yang menjadi subjek penelitian terdapat 1 siswa yang memiliki keterampilan bercerita kategori rendah, 3 siswa yang memiliki keterampilan bercerita kategori sedang. Dan terdapat 4 siswa yang memiliki kemampuan mendongeng kategori tinggi. Dari 8 siswa tersebut paling banyak merupakan siswa dengan kemampuan mendongeng kategori tinggi, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan bercerita siswa kelas bawah di SD Unggulan Muslimat NU Kudus sudah baik Kata Kunci: Soft Skill, Dongeng, Mendongeng
MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SNOWBALL THROWING PADA SISWA KELAS VI SD SWASTA PAB 15 KLAMBIR LIMA
Authors: Hasibuan Ainul Marhamah , Fatmawati Fatmawati , Pulungan Syahrina Anisah , Wanhar Fira Astika , Yusrizal Yusrizal 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian yang digunakan adalah PTK dengan 2 siklus. Hasil penelitian terjadi peningkatan pada minat belajar matematika dengan menggunakan metode Snowball Throwing. Setelah diberikan perlakuan pada siklus I, menjadi 22 siswa yang tuntas dengan rata-rata 69,37 dan persentase 73,33%. Pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 26 siswa yang tuntas rata-rata 75,28 dan persentase 86,67%. Peningkatan dari segi observasi, pada siklus I jumlah siswa yang tuntas 20 orang siswa rata-rata 69,33 dan persentase 66,67%. Pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan menjadi 24 orang siswa yang tuntas rata-rata 76,67 dan persentase 80,00%. Menunjukkan bahwa jumlah siswa telah tercapai ketuntasan klasikal 80% dengan metode Snowball Throwing.
PENGEMBANGAN BIG BOOK BERBASIS KARAKTER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBUAT SIMPLE SENTENCE PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Yusrah Yusrah , Hasanah Nurul 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari penerapan Big Book melalui tes pada uji kelompok kecil dan kelompok besar. Big Book ini disusun menggunakan metode RnD Research & Development. Pengambilan data dilakukan di 3 MIN Kabupaten Langkat. Fase penelitian adalah mendefinisikan, merancang, mengembangkan, dan menyebarluaskan. Tingkat kelayakan dari validator ahli media diperolah 86.87 ahli design 88.3 ahli materi dan 87.3 ahli bahasa. Hasil uji coba terbatas 71,80. Sedangkan uji coba kelompok besar pada 3 MIN di kabupaten Langkat di peroleh 89.00. Dan Signifikan test sebesar 0,000 < 0,005 dimana Ha diterima.
SELF-ASSESSMENT AND REFLECTION IN PORTFOLIOS ENHANCING EFL STUDENTS’ WRITING
Authors: Sinar Tengku Silvana , Putri Liza Amalia , Putri Dian Marisha 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTCan self-assessment and reflection as a part of the writing process make EFL students enhance their writing? This article presents the findings of a semester-long study conducted at four universities in Medan, North Sumatera where writing portfolio including self-assessment and reflection practices were implemented to support students make their progress. Using pre- and post- test design, it was found that the writing performance of students who used portfolio mainly focusing on combination of self-assessment and reflection for their essay writing process over a semester more increased than students who did not. The growth of writing performance corresponded to students’ ideas of improvement in writing. EFL writers who were usually concerned with correcting surface-level errors (mechanics and vocabulary) rather than global errors (organization and content), in this study, partially focused on global errors. Keyword: self-assessment, EFL students
POLA ASUH KELUARGA DALAM UPAYA PEMBENTUKAN KEMANDIRIAN ANAK BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI BUDAYA DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Farihah Farihah , Gandamana Apiek , Erni Erni , Sitorus Muhammad Ancha 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to describe how pattern of family upbringing in the formation of childrens’s learning independence based on Batak, Minang, Malay, Javanese, Aceh, and Nias Cultural backgounds in the city of Medan. In this study, a sample of families from the Batak, Nias, Karo, Mandailing, Minang, Malay, Javanese, and Aceh families will be draen, which are in the city of Medan. This research uses the yakm descriptive method reveal the situation as it is. The results showed that are average family of Nias, Malay, Javanese, Batak, and Aceh. Cultural backgrounds in the Medan city applied an authoritarian parenting style of 46%, democratic 83%, and permissive 35%.Keywords: Parenting, Perception, Culture ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana pola asuh keluarga dalam pembentukan kemandirian belajar anak yang berlatar belakang budaya Batak, Minang, Melayu, Jawa, Aceh, dan Nias di kota Medan. Pada penelitian ini akan diambil sampel keluarga yang berasal dari suku Batak, Nias, Karo, Mandailing, Minang, Melayu, Jawa, dan Aceh, yang ada di kota Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yakni untuk mengungkap keadaan sebagaimana adanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata keluarga yang berlatar belakang budaya Batak, Nias, Karo, Mandailing, Minang, Melayu, Jawa, dan Aceh yang ada di kota Medan menerapkan pola asuh otoriter 46%, demokratis 83%, dan permisif 35%.Kata Kunci: Pola Asuh, Persepsi, Budaya
Research on the optimisation of logistics parcel intelligent sorting and conveying chain combined with variable clustering mathematical method
Authors: Yan Shenghua , Huang Lei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The rapid development of China’s economy, especially the rapid rise of the logistics and distribution industry in recent years, coupled with the rise of e-commerce in recent years, has created a huge impact on the traditional logistics industry. Aiming at the sorting system of small and medium-sized logistics distribution centrer, this paper proposes an item allocation strategy based on customer demand in combination with practical application requirements and adopts the direct dynamic clustering algorithm based on hierarchical clustering. As a clustering index, all items in the distribution centre are clustered and the final clustering result is obtained. The results show that the maximum value of segmentation using the single connection method is 5.8, reflecting that the distribution distance is more advantageous; the maximum value of the segmentation method using the median method is 2.94, and the minimum value is 2.35, which reflects that the result of the algorithm is relatively uniform. A reasonable item allocation strategy has a certain positive effect and influence on the development of modern logistics and the service quality of the logistics industry.
The Legality of Passage of the Nuclear-Powered Submarines: Are Malaysia and Indonesia in Catch-22?
Authors: Rusli M. H. M. 
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION.Southeast Asia is home to some of the most important sea lines of communications (SLOCs) which are not only significant maritime con­uits for merchant vessels, but military vessels of the superpower nations as well. While there have never been any casualties involving nuclear-powered submarines in this region, the fact remains that the num­ber of such vessels traversing Southeast Asian SLOCs is predicted to rise in years to come.MATERIALS AND METHODS.This research is a result of analysis of international treaties applied to navigation of nuclear-powered submarines. Some of the materials used for preparing this paper include 1) the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982; 2) AUKUS pact. The methodological basis of the re­search consists of traditional methods: general scien­tific methods (in this case, based on general principles of law) and specific methods.RESEARCH RESULTS.Other than China, Aus­tralia is another State within this region projected to own nuclear-powered submarines by 2040 through AUKUS. These developments have raised concerns among leaders of Southeast Asian nations, particu­larly Malaysia and Indonesia, the caretaker States of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore as well as the Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes. These maritime waterways are traversed by thousands of vessels each year, including nuclear-powered submarines belong­ing to nations already possessing them.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS.This article concludes by reiterating that international law should provide an equitable balance between navigational rights and protection of the marine environment particularly in sea lines of communications which are subjected to liberal navigational rights, in relation to nuclear-powered submarines.
DEVELOPING PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODULE TO IMPROVE THE FOURTH-GRADE STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
Authors: Rofisian Nela , Rahmawati Isna 
Published: January 2023

The purposes of the study were to: 1) Develop a problem based learning module for the fourth-grade students, and 2) Discover the feasibility of the learning module. This study was conducted by using Research and Development (RD) as proposed by Borg and Gall (1983). In the field test stage, 52 fourth-grade students were involved as participants in an experimental design. The participants were divided into two group, while one group conducted learning by implementing the PBL Module, the other group conducted learning on regular basis with textbook from the government. The qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative method, and the quantitative data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon test. The results of this study reveal that: 1) The PBL Module was developed in accordance with PBL syntax; 2) The results of the development PBL modules was feasible to be applied. The feasibility of PBL Modules based on the expert validation, validation of practitioners, and small-scale trial respondents obtains the "Good" category; 3) PBL-based modules are effective for increasing students’ achievement motivation as indicated by the Wilcoxon test producing obtained probability (p) of 0.027 (p 0.05), Ho is rejected, so there are differences in achievement motivation before and after using the PBL module. Based on the research results it can be concluded that the characteristics of PBL-based modules are in accordance with PBL syntax; Decent and effective way to increase achievement motivation of the fourth-grade students.Keywords: module; problem-based learning; achievement motivation.
The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Through Employee Satisfaction as An Intervening Variable in PG GEMPOLKREP-PTPN X
Authors: Imaniar Cahyani  , Eddy Yunus  
Published: January 2023

Abstract.The existence of a new leader with a young age in recent years has given color to the leadership style at PTPN X. In the same period, the board of directors reconstructed and reintroduced the vision, mission and culture of the organization. The unachieved production potential per hectare and milling capacity have become evaluation material for management to achieve added value. Therefore this study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style and organizational culture on the performance of PG Gempolkrep-PTPN X employees, and analyze it through job satisfaction as an Intervening Variable. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a survey assessment method using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The research sample used was purposive sampling, namely 34 employees from the leadership of PG Gempolkrep-PTPN X. Data analysis is based on data obtained from internal company sources and the results of questionnaires that have been distributed to respondents. The procedure carried out is to assess the results of the questionnaire and process them using the SEM-PLS method to then be analyzed using the partial least squares analysis technique using smartPLS. The results of the study show that leadership style and organizational culture have a significant effect on employee performance, leadership style and organizational culture have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction, and job satisfaction has a significant effect on employee performance, which means job satisfaction can mediate the influence of leadership style and organizational culture. on employee performance.

Keywords: Leadership Style; Organizational Culture; Employee Performance; Job Satisfaction