bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Turbulence Effect for Coupled Journal-Thrust Water-Lubricated Bearing With Micro Grooves
Authors: Yang Tianyou , Cai Jianlin , Wang Liwu , Tang Dongxing , Chen Shouan , Wang Jiaxu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the role of turbulence on the lubrication performances of coupled journal-thrust water-lubricated bearing with micro grooves using a numerical model. The results of the simulation model are compared to the published experimental data to verify the validity of the numerical model. The load capacity, maximum film pressure, and local Reynolds number variations with the rotating speed, eccentricity, radial clearance, axial geometric gap, and micro groove depth for coupled journal-thrust water-lubricated bearing are examined. Furthermore, the calculated results under the turbulent flow are compared with those under laminar flow for coupled and separate bearings. The results show that the turbulence effect can improve the lubrication performances by enlarging fluid pressure and load capacity of the coupled journal-thrust bearing and the laminar flow assumption is no longer applicable to the actual operating conditions of the water-lubricated bearings at a high rotation speed. In addition, optimal micro groove depths for both journal bearing and thrust bearing exist to reach the peak of the load capacity while the optimal micro groove depths for journal bearing and thrust bearing are not the same.
Interaction Between Gear Surface Wear and Contact Fatigue
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , Yan Ming , Wang Yushi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A methodology is proposed to study the interplay between tooth wear and contact fatigue under elastohydrodynamic lubrication condition. The modeling methodology includes the influence of contact fatigue on wear and the influence of wear on contact fatigue. First, the changes in film pressure and film thickness of oil at each meshing point caused by contact fatigue are introduced according to the surface wear model, and the change of wear model is analyzed to study the effect of contact fatigue on wear. Then, according to the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, the change in film pressure affected by tooth surface wear is analyzed to study the effect of wear on contact fatigue. Finally, the influence of lubrication conditions on the interplay between tooth surface wear and contact fatigue is analyzed. In addition, an experimental fatigue study is performed and introduced into the model predictions to improve the accuracy of the proposed methodology.
Knowledge-Guided Convolutional Neural Network Model for Similar Three-Dimensional Wear Debris Identification With Small Number of Samples
Authors: Wang Shuo , Shao Tao , Wu Tonghai , Sarkodie-Gyan Thompson , Lei Yaguo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Wear debris analysis (WDA) enables the provision of essential information towards the monitoring of machine fault diagnosis and the analysis of wear mechanism. However, this experience-based technology has not yet been automated for the identification of similar particle types due to the small number of samples and highly dispersed features. To address this problem, a knowledge-guided convolutional neural network model is developed to focus on two representative severe wear particles: fatigue and severe sliding particles that have highly similar contours but weakly discriminative surfaces. The height images of particle surfaces are adopted as the initial objective. Characterized by typical particle features, the empirical WDA knowledge is represented into the feature-marked images, and further automatically learned by a U-Net-based knowledge extraction network. By weighting with the U-Net output, a knowledge-guided particle classification network is constructed to identify similar particles under a small number of samples. With this methodology, the empirical WDA knowledge is transferred to guide the classification network for locating the discriminative features in particle height images. Thirty sets of fatigue and severe sliding particles are acquired from wear tests as the training and testing samples. For verification, the network kernel is visualized to trace the particle feature propagation in the classification. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method can accurately identify fault particles that are acquired from wear tests.
Joint Estimation of State of Charge and State of Health of Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Chen Peng , Jin Xin , Han Xue Feng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Overcharge and discharge of power battery not only increase the battery loss but also lead to fire and other accidents under harsh environmental conditions. Accurate estimation of battery parameters and status is an important reference in the battery management system to prevent battery overcharge and discharge. In this article, the following studies are carried out by focusing on the time separation scale and estimating parameters and state values online based on the improved particle filter: (1) The unscented transform and multi-innovation were applied to the particle filter to optimize the particle distribution and update the status value from the historical information, and the multi-innovation unscented particle filter was formed to estimate the state of battery charge. (2) Considering the influence of parameter variation on the estimation of battery state of charge (SOC). Due to the slow change characteristics of parameters and fast change characteristics of states, the parameters and states are jointly estimated from macro and micro time scales, respectively. The capacity change estimated by the unscented particle filter is used to characterize the battery health state, and finally, the joint estimation of battery SOC and state of health (SOH) is formed; (3) Three different working conditions are used to verify the algorithm. The joint algorithm accurately estimates the real-time changes of SOC and SOH, and the average error of SOC is less than 0.5%, which confirms the high accuracy of the joint algorithm.
Effect of initial and subsequent mask applications on breathing and heart rate in preterm infants at birth
Authors: Kuypers Kristel L A M , Hopman Anouk , Cramer Sophie J E , Dekker Janneke , Visser Remco , Hooper Stuart B , te Pas Arjan B 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveApplication of a face mask may provoke the trigeminocardiac reflex, leading to apnoea and bradycardia. This study investigates whether re-application of a face mask in preterm infants at birth alters the risk of apnoea compared with the initial application, and identify factors that influence this risk.MethodsResuscitation videos and respiratory function monitor data collected from preterm infants <30 weeks gestation between 2018 and 2020 were reviewed. Breathing and heart rate before and after the initial and subsequent mask applications were analysed.ResultsIn total, 111 infants were included with 404 mask applications (102 initial and 302 subsequent mask applications). In 254/404 (63%) applications, infants were breathing prior to mask application, followed by apnoea after 67/254 (26%) mask applications. Apnoea and bradycardia occurred significantly more often after the initial mask application compared with subsequent applications (apnoea initial: 32/67 (48%) and subsequent: 44/187 (24%), p<0.001; bradycardia initial: 61% and subsequent 21%, p<0.001). Apnoea was followed by bradycardia in 73% and 71% of the initial and subsequent mask applications, respectively (p=0.607).In a logistic regression model, a lower breathing rate (OR 0.908 (95% CI 0.847 to 0.974), p=0.007) and heart rate (OR 0.935 (95% CI 0.901 to 0.970), p<0.001) prior to mask application were associated with an increased likelihood of becoming apnoeic following subsequent mask applications.ConclusionIn preterm infants at birth, apnoea and bradycardia occurs more often after an initial mask application than subsequent applications, with lower heart and breathing rates increasing the risk of apnoea in subsequent applications.
Deep phenotyping of PROM1-associated retinal degeneration
Authors: Schließleder Gernot , Kalitzeos Angelos , Kasilian Melissa , Singh Navjit , Wang Ziyuan , Hu Zhihong , Großpötzl Manuel , Sadda SriniVas , Wedrich Andreas , Michaelides Michel , Strauss Rupert W 
Published: April 2023

Background/aimsThe purpose of this study was to investigate retinal structure in detail of subjects with autosomal-dominant (AD) and autosomal-recessive (AR)PROM1-associated retinal degeneration (PROM1-RD), study design: institutional, cross-sectional study.MethodsFour eyes from four subjects (three with AD and one with AR)PROM1-RD were investigated by ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and multimodal retinal imaging: fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy. Quantitative assessment of atrophic lesions determined by FAF, thickness of individual retinal layers and cone photoreceptor quantification was performed.ResultsBCVA ranged from 20/16 to 20/200. Initial pathological changes included the presence of hyperautofluorescent spots on FAF imaging, while later stages demonstrated discrete areas of atrophy. In all patients, thinning of the outer retinal layers on SD-OCT with varying degrees of atrophy could be detected depending on disease-causing variants and age. Cone density was quantified both in central and/or at different eccentricities from the fovea. Longitudinal assessments were possible in two patients.ConclusionsPROM1-RD comprises a wide range of clinical phenotypes. Depending on the stage of disease, the cone mosaic inPROM1-RD is relatively preserved and can potentially be targeted by cone-directed interventions.
Exploring celebrity influence on public attitude towards the COVID-19 pandemic: social media shared sentiment analysis
Authors: White Brianna M , Melton Chad , Zareie Parya , Davis Robert L , Bednarczyk Robert A , Shaban-Nejad Arash 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new opportunities for health communication, including an increase in the public’s use of online outlets for health-related emotions. People have turned to social media networks to share sentiments related to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we examine the role of social messaging shared by Persons in the Public Eye (ie, athletes, politicians, news personnel, etc) in determining overall public discourse direction.MethodsWe harvested approximately 13 million tweets ranging from 1 January 2020 to 1 March 2022. The sentiment was calculated for each tweet using a fine-tuned DistilRoBERTa model, which was used to compare COVID-19 vaccine-related Twitter posts (tweets) that co-occurred with mentions of People in the Public Eye.ResultsOur findings suggest the presence of consistent patterns of emotional content co-occurring with messaging shared by Persons in the Public Eye for the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced public opinion and largely stimulated online public discourse.DiscussionWe demonstrate that as the pandemic progressed, public sentiment shared on social networks was shaped by risk perceptions, political ideologies and health-protective behaviours shared by Persons in the Public Eye, often in a negative light.ConclusionWe argue that further analysis of public response to various emotions shared by Persons in the Public Eye could provide insight into the role of social media shared sentiment in disease prevention, control and containment for COVID-19 and in response to future disease outbreaks.
‘In fact, that’s when I stopped using contraception’: a qualitative study exploring women’s experiences of using contraceptive methods in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Mutambo Chipo , Hlongwana Khumbulani 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThis study explored women’s experiences of using contraceptive methods in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.SettingIn October 2021, we conducted a qualitative study at Umlazi Township in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, through face-to-face in-depth interviews.ParticipantsWomen from four primary healthcare facilities were recruited through a criterion-based sampling strategy. Using NVivo V.11, two skilled researchers independently conducted thematic data analysis, as a mechanism for quality assurance, before the results were collated and reconciled.ResultsThe study included 15 female participants, aged between 18 and 35 years, of whom two-thirds were aged 18–24 years. We found that women were concerned about unpleasant contraceptive methods side effects such as prolonged or irregular menstrual periods, bleeding, weight gain and/or severe pains, resulting in discontinuation of their use. In addition to contraceptive stockouts, women indicated that healthcare providers did not appropriately counsel or inform them about the available contraceptive methods, including how to use them. Key themes included the following: negative effects of contraceptive methods; stockouts of preferred contraceptive methods; inconsistent or incorrect use of contraceptive methods; lack of counselling regarding contracepive methods; and misconceptions about contraception.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at reducing contraceptive stockouts are required to ensure that women are empowered to choose contraception based on their own preference, convenience and/or experience. It is imperative that counselling on contraceptive methods’ side effects be improved, to ensure that women have freedom to make informed decisions about their preferred method, proper management of side effects and to assist them with method switching as needed, instead of discontinuation.
Is fatigue related to the severity of liver inflammation in patients with chronic liver disease? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Jing , Gong Xiying , Lv Haifeng , Liu Shiyi , Jiang Yanming , Zhu Geli , Ma Xiaojie , Wang Jie , Ye Xiaoping , Gao Yidan , Li Jie , Chen Gongying , Shi Junping 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesFatigue is common in patients with chronic liver disease; however, its pathogenesis is unclear. This study aimed to provide insights into the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease-related fatigue by assessing the relationship between fatigue and the degree of inflammation in chronic liver disease.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional study of 1374 patients with pathologically proven chronic liver disease diagnosed at the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University in Hangzhou, China.SettingPrimary single-centre study.ParticipantsOne thousand three hundred and seventy-four patients with liver biopsy-proven chronic liver disease.InterventionsThe patients were divided into fatigue and non-fatigue groups according to the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. Propensity score matching was used to match the baseline features of the patients in the two groups.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLiver steatosis, ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis were measured according to the pathological results of liver biopsy. Fatigue was measured using the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire.ResultsOf the 1374 patients, 262 (19.67%) experienced fatigue. There were 242 and 484 patients with and without fatigue, respectively, who were successfully matched for sex, age and classification of chronic liver disease by propensity score matching. After matching, the fatigue group showed higher liver enzyme levels, inflammation grades and fibrosis stages than the non-fatigue group (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR: 2.026; p=0.003), autoimmune liver disease (OR: 2.749; p=0.002) and active inflammation (OR: 1.587; p=0.003) were independent risk factors for fatigue after adjusting for confounders. The OR of the risk for fatigue increased in a stepwise manner with increasing inflammation grade in young-aged and middle-aged patients (p<0.05). This tendency was not observed in elderly patients (p>0.05).ConclusionPatients with chronic liver disease were burdened by fatigue, which increased progressively with rising liver inflammation severity in young-aged and middle-aged rather than elderly patients.
Strategies used to manage overlap of primary study data by exercise-related overviews: protocol for a systematic methodological review
Authors: Gutierrez-Arias Ruvistay , Pieper Dawid , Lunny Carole , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Aguilera-Eguía Raúl , Seron Pamela 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionOne of the most conflicting methodological issues when conducting an overview is the overlap of primary studies across systematic reviews (SRs). Overlap in the pooled effect estimates across SRs may lead to overly precise effect estimates in the overview. SRs that focus on exercise-related interventions are often included in overviews aimed at grouping and determining the effectiveness of various interventions for managing specific health conditions. The aim of this systematic methodological review is to describe the strategies used by authors of overviews focusing on exercise-related interventions to manage the overlap of primary studies.Methods and analysisA comprehensive search strategy has been developed for different databases and their platforms. The databases to be consulted will be MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Library) and Epistemonikos. Two reviewers will independently screen the records identified through the search strategy and extract the information from the included overviews. The frequency and the type of overlap management strategies of the primary studies included in the SRs will be considered as the main outcome. In addition, the recognition of the lack of use of any overlap management strategy and the congruence between planning and conducting the overview focusing on overlap management strategies will be assessed. A subgroup analysis will be carried out according to the journal impact factor, year of publication and compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews statement.Ethics and disseminationThis study will not involve human subjects and therefore does not require ethics committee approval. However, the conduct and reporting of the findings of this review will be conducted in a rigorous, systematic and transparent manner, which relates to research ethics.The findings of this review will be presented at scientific conferences and published as one or more studies in peer-review scientific journals related to rehabilitation or research methods.
Assessment of aflatoxin exposure, growth faltering and the gut microbiome among children in rural Guatemala: protocol for an observational prospective cohort and bioreactor simulations
Authors: Cheng Qiwen , Glesener Hannah , Montenegro Gabriela , Torres Olga , Miller Ann C , Krajmalnik-Brown Rosa , Rohloff Peter , Voth-Gaeddert Lee E 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a carcinogen produced byAspergillus flavusandAspergillus parasiticuswhich grow on maize. Given the high prevalence of child stunting (ie, impaired growth) and other nutritional disorders in low-income and middle-income countries, where maize is consumed, the role of aflatoxin exposure may be significant. Observational reports have demonstrated associations between aflatoxin exposure and impaired child growth; however, most have been cross-sectional and have not assessed seasonal variations in aflatoxin, food preparation and dynamic changes in growth. Biological mechanistic data on how aflatoxin may exert an impact on child growth is missing. This study incorporates a prospective cohort of children from rural Guatemala to assess (1) temporal associations between aflatoxin exposure and child growth and (2) possible mediation of the gut microbiome among aflatoxin exposure, inflammation and child growth.Methods and analysisWe will prospectively evaluate aflatoxin exposure and height-for-age difference trajectories for 18 months in a cohort of 185 children aged 6–9 months at enrolment. We will assess aflatoxin exposure levels and biomarkers of gut and systemic inflammation. We will examine the faecal microbiome of each child and identify key species and metabolic pathways for differing AFB1 exposure levels and child growth trajectories. In parallel, we will use bioreactors, inoculated with faeces, to investigate the response of the gut microbiome to varying levels of AFB1 exposure. We will monitor key microbial metabolites and AFB1 biotransformation products to study nutrient metabolism and the impact of the gut microbiome on aflatoxin detoxification/metabolism. Finally, we will use path analysis to summarise the effect of aflatoxin exposure and the gut microbiome on child growth.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from Arizona State University Institutional Review Board (IRB; STUDY00016799) and Wuqu’ Kawoq/Maya Health Alliance IRB (WK-2022-003). Findings will be disseminated in scientific presentations and peer-reviewed publications.
Malignancy-related ascites in palliative care units: prognostic factor analysis
Authors: Kadono Toru , Ishiki Hiroto , Yokomichi Naosuke , Ito Tetsuya , Maeda Isseki , Hatano Yutaka , Miura Tomofumi , Hamano Jun , Yamaguchi Takashi , Ishikawa Ayaka , Suzuki Yuka , Arakawa Sayaka , Amano Koji , Satomi Eriko , Mori Masanori 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThe prognostic factors in patients with malignancy-related ascites (MA) have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate both the prognostic impact of MA on terminally ill patients with cancer and the prognostic factors in those with MA.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients with advanced cancer admitted to palliative care units at 23 institutions and aged≥18 years were enrolled between January and December 2017. Overall survival (OS) was compared according to MA. A multivariate analysis was conducted to explore prognostic factors in patients with MA.ResultsOf 1896 eligible patients, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary pancreatic cancers accounted for 42.5%. 568 (30.0%) of the total had MA. Patients with MA had significantly shorter OS than those without MA (median, 14 vs 22 days, respectively; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.72; p<0.01). A multivariate analysis showed that MA was a poor prognostic factor (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.50; p<0.01) and that among patients with MA, significant poor prognostic factors were liver metastasis, moderately to severely reduced oral intake, delirium, oedema, gastric cancer, high serum creatinine, high serum C reactive protein, high serum total bilirubin, dyspnoea and fatigue, while significant good prognostic factors were female sex, good performance status, high serum albumin and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsMA had a negative impact on survival in terminally ill patients with cancer. A multivariate analysis revealed several prognostic factors in patients with terminal cancer and MA.