bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalization Spending for Inpatients Affected by Sleep Disorders: Results from Hunan, China
Authors: Xiao Yanni , Zhou Ziqi , Huang Jinrui , Tang Chuwen , Xiao Pengfei , Wen Shi Wu , Zeng Xianxiang , Luo Zhihong , Deng Yihui , Shen Minxue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Sleep disorders are conditions that result in alters in normal sleeping. There are many sleep disorders and the most frequently discussed major sleep disorders include insomnia, in which the patients have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep throughout the night; sleep apnea, in which the patients experience abnormal patterns in breathing while sleeping; and narcolepsy, a condition characterized by extreme sleepiness during the day and falling asleep suddenly during the day.Methods Population health data were extracted from Chinese National Health Statistics Network Reporting System (CNHSNRS) for the province of Hunan in China. Patients affected by sleep disorders (ICD-10 codes F51.0 and G47.0) as the principal diagnosis and hospitalized between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019 were included. Information on age, gender, number of comorbidities, type of sleep disorders, level of hospital, location of hospital, hospital costs, length of stay, admission year, and method of payment were retrieved from CNHSNRS. Median with interquartile range (IQR) was used to describe the hospital costs and Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to examine significant differences among different groups. Quantile regression was applied to investigate how the hospital costs at low and high quantile of the distribution vary across groups.Results Hospital costs for patients suffering from sleep disorders were substantial: $1229.31 per patient, nearly a quarter and almost all per capita disposable yearly household income of urban ($5,024.30) and rural ($1,914.53) residents in Hunan in 2017, respectively. The study also identified several significant independent variables associated with hospital costs, including age, gender, type of sleep disorder, and hospital characteristics. In-hospital care for sleep apnea accounted for almost 80% of the total spending, and about half of the spending was from the patient’s pocket money.Conclusion Hospital costs for patients suffering from sleep disorders were substantial: nearly a quarter and almost all per capita disposable yearly household income of urban and rural residents in Hunan in 2017, respectively. Age, gender, type of sleep disorder, and hospital characteristics were significant independent variables associated with hospital costs.
Early Neoarchean alternation of plate subduction
and deep mantle upwelling
Authors: Liu Shuwen , Cawood Peter , Yao Jiachen , Gao Lei , Guo Rongrong , Hu Fangyang , Lu Denggang , He Xin , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How Earth switched from any earlier regimes such as plume-lid tectonics to plate tectonics remains an unresolved issue in Earth sciences. We report early Neoarchean (~ 2.77–2.68 Ga) metavolcanic rocks, including older calc-alkaline basaltic-andesitic rocks in the southwest but younger tholeiitic rocks in the northeast, from Jiaobei terrane, North China Craton. Genetic studies and thermodynamic and trace element modeling demonstrate that the tholeiitic magmas originated from deeper and unmodified mantle sources (~ 1600 ℃ and ~ 3.5 GPa), relative to the shallower and metasomatized mantle sources (~ 1450 ℃ and ~ 2.2 GPa) of calc-alkaline magmas. Geochemical changes indicate that the mantle sources became isotopically enriched but less metasomatized from southwest to northeast. These data suggest an early Neoarchean plate subduction-induced deep mantle upwelling regime. We further depict a potential geodynamic framework for the early Neoarchean Earth involving active interaction of plate subduction and deep mantle upwelling, which possibly changed the thermal evolutionary trajectory of the Earth and accelerated the arrival of global plate tectonics.
The intersection of stigma, quality of care, and structural barriers: a qualitative study of interactions between abortion seekers and healthcare workers in Australia
Authors: Makleff Shelly , Belfrage Madeleine , Wickramasinghe Sethini , Fisher Jane , Bateson Deborah , Black Kirsten I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Abortion is common, safe, and necessary but remains stigmatized. Abortion stigma inhibits quality of care, but stigma and care quality are often examined separately. The aim was to identify the types of enacted stigma in the interactions between abortion seekers and healthcare workers, as well as the characteristics of high-quality non-stigmatizing interactions.Methods This phenomenological qualitative study comprised in-depth interviews with people who sought abortion in Australia between March 2020 and November 2022. We recruited through social media and flyers placed in clinics. We examined the interactions between abortion seekers and healthcare workers, and structural barriers influencing interactions, from the perspective of abortion seekers. We conducted thematic analysis and developed typologies by analytically grouping together negative and positive experiences. Negative typologies show categories of stigmatizing interactions. Each positive typology aligns with a negative typology and represents a category of non-stigmatizing and high-quality interactions.Results We interviewed 24 abortion seekers and developed five typologies of stigmatizing abortion care: creating barriers to access; judging abortion seekers; ignoring emotional and information needs; making assumptions; and minimizing interactions. The five positive typologies were: overcoming barriers; validating the abortion decision; responding to emotional and information needs; aligning care with preferences and intentions; and providing holistic services that ensure safety. Abortion experiences were influenced by structural factors including abortion regulations, rural health system constraints, and health system adaptations during the COVID-19 pandemic – all of which may influence interpersonal interactions in care.Conclusions This study elucidates the interrelationship between stigma, quality of care, and structural barriers, and how these interact to impact abortion experiences. The negative typologies identify stigmatizing healthcare worker behaviors to be avoided, and the positive typologies model high-quality care. These can inform development of stigma-reduction training and approaches for quality improvement, with relevance for other maternal and reproductive health services. Stigma-reduction can incorporate a structural lens through engaging whole-of-service approaches, a focus on power and positionality, and illustrating how providers can reinforce, or overcome, structural stigma. Interventions should address the individual, service-level, and structural forms of stigma that shape the behavior of healthcare workers and contribute to poor experiences for abortion seekers.
Association between histopathological grading, immunohistochemical markers and prognosis in canine cutaneous mast cell tumor
Authors: Kluthcovsky Lucas Cavalli , Castro Verônica Souza Paiva , Somensi Malena , Rapetti Gabrielle Rosane , Castro Jorge Luiz Costa , Filho Jair Rodini Engracia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between biologic behavior and survival time of dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) with prognostic indicators. This prospective and longitudinal study followed 37 dogs with MCT. We correlated clinical factors (age, gender, time of onset, number of lesions, ulceration, tumor size, lymph node and distant metastasis, recurrence rate, and survival time) with histologic grading, immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 (samples were classified as > 23 or ≤ 23 cells positive cells/5 high-power fields) and tyrosine-protein kinase KIT pattern (cytoplasmic or membranous). The comparison between clinical data and prognostic factors was assessed individually for each variable. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression compared variables to outcome. The survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. There was a significant correlation between high-grade MCT and occurrence of lymph node and distant metastasis and recurrence (p < 0.05). Recurrence was also correlated with grade II and III MCTs (p = 0.03). Kappa coefficient revealed considerable agreement with significant correlation between Ki67 and KIT (p = 0.03). There was no significant association between Ki67 or KIT pattern and histologic grading or survival time. The mean overall survival time of dogs with high-grade tumors was 279 days and significantly shorter than those with low-grade (406 days) (p = 0.03). This study suggests that two-tier histologic grading is a reliable prognostic factor for dogs with MCT. KIT pattern and Ki67 index may act in association with histologic grade for the screening of these patients.
Association of Milk Consumption with the Incidence of Cholelithiasis Disease in the US Adult Population
Authors: Jia Feng , Ma Yu , Liu Yahui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Previous studies support the association of dietary factors with the development of cholelithiasis, but the relationship between milk consumption and the incidence of cholelithiasis has not been reliably studied. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the association between milk consumption and the incidence of cholelithiasis in male and female.
Method: We selected 14722 adults (≥18 years old) from National Center for Health Statistics (NHANSE) 2017-2020, and collected general characteristics of patients in the database, such as age, gender, race and body mass index (BMI), as well as dietary information (milk consumption). The occurrence of cholelithiasis was used as the outcome event, and the group was divided into cholelithiasis and non-cholelithiasis groups according to the outcome event. We used logistic regression models in generalized linear model (GLM) functions, controlling for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, to estimate the association between milk intake and the incidence of cholelithiasis in male and female.
Result: In the present study, the overall weighted prevalence of cholelithiasis was 10.96%, with 15.18% and 6.48% prevalence in women and men, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, regular milk intake was associated with a lower incidence of cholelithiasis in female（OR：0.75，95% CI：0.60-0.94, P=0.012）.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to investigate the association between milk intake and the incidence of gallstone disease; the study suggests that regular milk intake may help reduce the risk of gallstone incidence in both male and female.
Strategies for rapid scale up of laboratory capacity in a public health emergency in a resource-constrained setting: the SARS-CoV-2 Nigeria response experience
Authors: Bello Segun , Adebowale Ayo Stephen , Dairo Magbagbeola David , Bamgboye Eniola Adetola , Salawu Mobolaji Modinat , Afolabi Rotimi Felix , Namale Alice , Kizito Susan , Kabwama Steven Ndugwa , Ndejjo Rawlance , Kiwanuka Suzanne , Wanyenze Rhoda , Fawole Olufunmilayo Ibitola 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Sufficient laboratory capacity is vital to containing infectious diseases outbreaks. This study was conducted to assess SARS-CoV-2 testing performance, the strategies adopted to scale up laboratory testing capacity, and to highlight challenges and lessons learnt in Nigeria’s response to COVID-19 pandemic regarding testing strategies.Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study adopted a mixed method approach including desk reviews and key informant interviews (KIIs). The KIIs were conducted among actors of the COVID-19 response teams in states (SMoH) and the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) in Nigeria. Data extraction tools were populated from the relevant online resources and documents of the FMoH, SMoH and the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control.Results At the beginning of the pandemic in Nigeria, testing performance was poor, but this improved over time. To manage the demand for testing, Nigeria adopted targeted testing with a focus on symptomatic contacts and alerts, returning travelers from high-risk countries who were symptomatic during the quarantine period, among others groups. Strategies to enhance laboratory capacity and improve the turnaround time for results included leveraging on existing tuberculosis laboratory network or building new laboratories where none existed; decentralization of sample collection and testing; staff health workers repurposing and hiring of volunteers; training and retraining of laboratory personnel; adoption of rapid diagnostic testing; and strengthening public-private partnerships to leverage the private sector testing. From an initial three laboratories with capacity to test for SARS-CoV-2 in February, 2020, the number of laboratories increased to 158 by March, 2022. Although laboratory capacity increased, logistics and supply chain disruption was still a challenge.Conclusion Investment in local manufacturing capacities of laboratory consumables such as RDTs and reagents would promote self-reliance and sustainability for a country as populous as Nigeria.
Arthralgia and joint deformity, rheumatoid arthritis? or nail-patella syndrome?
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuya , Matsumoto Yoshinori , Nawachi Shoichi , Terajima Yuya , Nakadoi Takato , Shidahara Kenta , Hirose Kei , Asano Yosuke , Katayama Yu , Miyawaki Yoshia , Katsuyama Takayuki , Katsuyama Eri , Takano-Narazaki Mariko , Sada Ken-Ei , Wada Jun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is a rare autosomal dominant systemic disorder that is characterized by dysplasia of the nails, hypoplasia or aplasia of the patella, dislocation of the elbow and the presence of iliac horns. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder of the joints characterized by inflammatory arthritis and subsequent joint destruction. Of note, NPS and RA share some musculoskeletal symptoms such as swan-neck deformities of the fingers and joint dislocation, and renal and neural involvement is also observed in these diseases. The prevalences of NPS and RA are 1/50000 and 1/100-1/200, respectively, while no case of NPS co-existing with RA has been reported.
Case presentation: Here, we present the first reported case of nail-patella syndrome co-existing with rheumatoid arthritis. A 74-year-old man who had a past history of glaucoma and elbow dislocation was admitted to our hospital due to an 8-month history of arthralgia in bilateral wrists, elbows and fingers. An X-ray showed deformity of bilateral radial heads and joint space narrowing in the right elbow, and magnetic resonance imaging of his hands showed synovitis and erosion in the multiple swollen joints of the wrists and fingers. In addition to these typical features of rheumatoid arthritis, he had bilateral thumb nail dysplasia with mild hypoplasia of bilateral patella and iliac horns as shown by the X-ray. He was diagnosed as having autosomal dominant disorder nail-patella syndrome co-existing with rheumatoid arthritis and he was treated with methotrexate in combination with an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, leading to induction of remission.
Conclusions: On the basis of their prevalences, the coexistence of nail-patella syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis with overlapped features, including arthralgia, joint deformity and dislocation, glomerulonephritis and neurological abnormality, could be observed in real-world clinical practice. Since the therapeutic strategy for and the prognosis of these diseases are different, appropriate diagnosis based on clinical and radiographic findings is required to improve future prognosis. (314 words)
End-supporter path scheduling for robot-assisted asymmetrical support machining of thin-walled parts with non-equal thickness and closed section
Authors: Cao Xi-Zhao , Song De-Ning , Li Jing-Hua , Ma Jian-Wei , Ma Xin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

As a typical thin-walled workpiece with non-equal thickness and closed section, the steam turbine blade is easy to be deformed and to chatter in the machining process due to its low stiffness, which seriously affects the final machining quality. One effective way to solve this problem is to support the workpiece using an assisted robot simultaneously with machining. This paper aims at scheduling the path of the end-supporter during support machining, thus coordinating the cutter and the supporter. This is unconventional and significant because: (1) Due to the “non-equal thickness” feature of the thin-walled parts, the supporter path is not the equal-distance offset of the existing cutter path; (2) Due to the “closed section” feature of the thin-walled parts, cyclic cutter-location path is often adopted, which makes the interference among three bodies in terms of the workpiece, the cutter, and the supporter easy to occur. Therefore, to schedule harmonious and interference-free supporter path corresponding to the existing cutter-location path for support machining of the thin-walled parts, this paper proposes an equal chord-tangent angle method for generating the reasonable support path, followed by a spatial-mapping-based optimization method for generating the shortest interference-avoidance path. The support path and the interference-avoidance path formed the integral end-supporter path. Verification test demonstrates that the scheduled supporter path can not only coordinate with the original cutter, but also has no abrupt directional variation or spatial interferences.
Scaling up IL glutamatergic outputs to the amygdala alleviates opioid induced hyperalgesia in male rats
Authors: Cui Lingling , Wang Xixi , Zhu Pengfei , Luo Fang , Li Chenhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Opioids are the frontline analgesics for managing various types of pain. Paradoxically, repeated use of opioid analgesics may cause an exacerbated pain state known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which hinders effective clinical intervention for sever pain. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms for OIH have been tested at different level on the pain pathway, little is known about the neural circuits underlying OIH modulation. Previous studies suggest that laterocapsular division of the central nucleus of amygdala (CeLC) is critically involved in the regulation of OIH. The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of the projections from infralimbic medial cortex (IL) to CeLC in OIH modulation. OIH was produced by repeated fentanyl subcutaneous injection in male rats. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that c-Fos-positive neurons were significantly more in the right CeLC in OIH rats than untreated rats. Then, we reported that there were functional projections from glutamate pyramidal neurons in IL to the CeLC and found that IL glutamate release onto CeLC increased after fentanyl administration. However, optogenetic activation of this IL-CeLC circuit prevented OIH by inhibiting the CeLC, while silencing this circuit by chemogenetics exacerbated OIH through activating the CeLC. Combined with the electrophysiology results, the enhanced glutamate release from IL to CeLC was a protective response rather than a reason for OIH generation. We imply that increased glutamate release was a cortical gain of IL to relieve OIH, scaling up IL outputs to CeLC may be an effective neuromodulation strategy to inhibit OIH.
The Electronic Properties of Boron-Doped Germanium Nanocrystals Films
Authors: Shan Dan , Wang Menglong , Sun Daoyuan , Cao Yunqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Boron (B)-doped germanium nanocrystals (Ge NCs) films with various doping concentrations were prepared via the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique followed by a thermal annealing treatment. The electronic properties of B-doped Ge NCs films combined with the microstructural characterization were investigated. It is worthwhile mentioning that the Hall mobilities \({\mu }_{Hall}\) of Ge NCs films were enhanced after B doping and reached to the maximum of 200 cm2∙V− 1, which could be ascribed to the reduction of surface defects states in the B-doped films. It is also important to highlight that the temperature-dependent mobilities \({\mu }_{H}\left(T\right)\) exhibited different temperature dependence trends in the Ge NCs films before and after B doping. A detailed investigation was carried out for the different carrier transport properties in B-doped Ge NCs films and further discussion with emphasis on the scattering mechanisms in the transport process were proposed.
A Retrospective, Clinical Study To Evaluate The IOL Tilt And Decentration Of Two Different Hydrophobic Aspheric Monofocal Intraocular Lenses.
Authors: Goker Yasin Sakir , Ozates Serdar , Koc Mustafa , Ateşoğlu Halil İbrahim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the clinical performance of two monofocal aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) to determine their position in the capsular bag after the implantation.Methods This retrospective study collates data from the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with cataract, underwent cataract surgery, implanted with two different hydrophobic aspheric monofocal IOL. A total of 6 visit data were considered in the study, out of which four follow-up visits were on day 1, day 7, day 30, and day 180 after the completion of cataract surgery. The investigational variables included IOL tilt and IOL decentration, uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, intraocular pressure, posterior capsule opacification and overall safetyResults A total of 85 subjects’ medical records were screened, out of which 43 subjects’ medical records were enrolled in IOL 1 arm and 42 subjects’ medical records were enrolled in IOL 2 arm. Moreover, 13 (30.23%), and 6 (14.29%) subjects discontinued the study due to lost to follow-up in IOL 1 and IOL 2 arm, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in vertical and horizontal IOL tilt and decentration results between IOL 1 arm and IOL 2 arm. Within-group analysis using paired t-test, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was seen at all visits from baseline in BCVA for IOL 1 and IOL 2 arms. In the between-group analysis using the ANOVA test, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) at all visits in BCVA between IOL 1 and IOL 2 arms.Conclusion IOL vertical and horizontal tilt and decentration found in the current study are within the limits reported in the literature and in the between-group analysis there were no significant differences in IOL 1 and IOL 2.
Identifying the Secondary Electron Cutoff in Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectra for Work Function Measurements of Non-Ideal Surfaces
Authors: Baddorf Arthur 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Absolute values of work functions can be determined in ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) by measuring the minimum kinetic energy of secondary electrons generated by a known photon energy. However, some samples can produce spectra that are difficult to interpret due to additional intensity below the true secondary electron cutoff. Disordered absorbates add small intensity below the onset for the transition metal surfaces studied, but for WO3-x films multiple onsets appear with comparable intensity. Lower energy onsets are attributed to energy losses after photoelectrons are generated, for WO3-x these may be excitations of surface plasmon resonances. False onsets (in the context of work function measurements) can be minimized by optimizing experimental detection parameters including limiting analyzer acceptance angles and pass energy. True work functions can be identified by examining the onsets as the sample bias is varied.