bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioassay and molecular detection of insecticides resistance of Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue in Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: SAYONO SAYONO , NURULLITA ULFA , HANDOYO WAHYU , TYASNINGRUM WINDA SEPTY , CHAKIM IRFANUL , BUDIHARJO ANTO 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Sayono, Nurullita U, Handoyo W, Tyasningrum WS, Chakim I, Budiharjo A. 2023. Bioassay and molecular detectionsof insecticides resistance of Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 300-307. The emergence of insecticide-resistant strains among Aedes aegyptipopulations hampered Dengue control programs in the endemic areas. Moreover, to understand the current situation and distribution of insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti to cypermethrin, malathion, and temephos compounds, we conducted morphological and molecular detection in the Dengue endemic areas in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Mosquito larvae were obtained from thirteen villages of five Dengue endemic areas representing different altitudes. Larval and adult stage of Ae. aegypti colony from each village was subjected to a bioassay test based on the WHO procedures. Subsequently, they were sampled and subjected to molecular analysis to identify the 1016G kdr allele using the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). Mortality of Ae. aegypti after exposure to cypermethrin, malathion, and temephos ranged from 16-86%, 75-100%, and 6-51%, respectively. These findings showed that Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to cypermethrin and temephos, although malathion-susceptible strains were found among 23.08% of the different altitudinal localities. The result of the AS-PCR indicated that the homozygous (G/G) and heterozygous (V/G) alleles of codon 1016 of the AaNav gene were found throughout the study site altitudes. The development of multiple resistance strains was found among Ae. aegypti populations in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The use ofcypermethrin and temephos compounds must be delayed for at least five years, while malathion can still be used selectively to control the Ae. aegypti population in several areas, namely Karangjati, Gebugan (Semarang District), and Rowosari in Semarang City.
Antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from endophytic bacteria isolated from girang (Leea indica) leaves
Authors: ARIVO DEBI , MUBARIK NISA RACHMANIA , RUSMANA IMAN , BATUBARA IRMANIDA 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Arivo D, Mubarik NR, Rusmana I, Batubara I. 2023. Antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from endophytic bacteria isolated from girang (Leea indica) leaves. Biodiversitas 24: 415-422. Girang (Leea indica) is one of the medicinal plants with various bioactive compounds that act as an antioxidant. However, isolating these bioactive compounds need a significant amount of biomass. Endophytic bacteria can be a good solution to produce the same bioactive compounds as their host. This study determined whether the potential isolate produces high antioxidant activity in various solvents, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and identification of the isolate. The BT4 isolate was isolated from L. indica leaves. The supernatant of BT4 was extracted in fractionated extraction. The antioxidant activity was determined using a DPPH assay. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods analyzed the total flavonoid and phenolic content. The isolate was identified using the 16S rRNA method. The best IC50 was obtained from n-butanol extract with a value of 59.021±0.541 ?g/mL. The flavonoid and phenolic contents from n-butanol extract have the value of 4.686±0.476 mgQE/g extract and 31.406±0.716 mgGAE/g extract, respectively. The BT4 isolate contained flavonoids, saponin, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids and was identical to Bacillus tequilensis with 99% similarity. This study revealed that endophytic bacteria from L. indica leaves could be a potential source of the novel natural antioxidant compound.
Biophysical assessment of the plant biodiversity of Northern Negros Natural Park, Negros Island, Philippines
Authors: DECHIMO JR. ARAGON A. , BUOT JR. INOCENCIO E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Jr Dechimo AA, Jr Buot IE. 2023. Biophysical assessment of the plant biodiversity of Northern Negros Natural Park, Negros Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 583-602. Data sets on plant bioresources in Northern Negros Natural Park are critical in planning for conservation management and strategies. This study aimed to (i) conduct a survey of plant species in NNNP and determine their conservation status, (ii) assess the species diversity pattern and vegetation structures, (iii) establish altitudinal zones, and (iv) analyze the environmental factors affecting species distribution. Standard vegetation analysis and secondary data were utilized in the data collection process. Results showed 242 species, 72 families of 78 tree species, 90 shrubs and small trees, and 37 epiphytes. About 112 species are threatened, 35 of which are Philippine endemics. Two altitudinal zones were identified using the cluster analysis: Zone I (643 to 1,256 m asl.), dominated by Crypteronia paniculata, Acer laurinum, Weinmannia hutchinsonii, and Syzygiumsp.; and Zone II (1421 to 1470 m asl.) dominated by Dacrydium cf. beccarii. Zone I was further subdivided into three clusters: Zone IA (643 to 985 m asl.), Zone IB (908 to 913 m asl.), and Zone IC (822 to 1,182 m asl.). Canonical correspondence analysis illustrated that environmental factors (N, Altitude, and human disturbance) influenced the zonation of vegetation or species abundance. These results are important in understanding the landscape and crafting strategic interventions and management plans for conservation.
Vibrational Relaxation of N2 Aggregates in Rare Gas Matrices
Authors: Bahrdt J. , Kühle H. , Schwentner N. , Wilcke H. 
Published: February 2023

In an experimental investigation of the conversion of electronic energy into vibrational degrees of freedom of a cluster followed by dissipation into matrix phonons it is essential that all intermediate steps of the energy flow can be monitored. For this purpose each vibrational level v'=1 up to v'=6 of the lowest excited electronic state A

3

Σ
u
+

of N2 in a solid Xe matrix has been excited selectively by monochromatized synchrotron radiation. The stepwise relaxation to lower A

3

Σ
u
+

vibrational levels has been derived from luminescence spectra. The large vibrational energy of 174 meV corresponding to 35 matrix phonons inhibits vibrational relaxation in completely isolated N2 molecules within the radiative lifetime of ≈ 10-3s. For N2 pairs and larger clusters a complex relaxation cascade is observed which leads to different steady state distributions for each initial level. The first relaxation steps involve only changes of v' by two quanta. For excitation of v′ ≥ 4 states also intermediate vibrational levels are populated in the end of the cascade. The experimental results indicate the following two basic processes: Radiationless electronic energy transfer between two N2 molecules based on exchange interaction leads to a deexcitation of molecule I from the initially (v')A

3

Σ
u

+

state to the groundstate

(

v
'
'
=
1

)

×
1

Σ
g

+

and the neighbouring molecule II is excited from

(

v
'
'
=
0

)

x
1

Σ
g

+

to

(

v'
−
2

)

A
3

Σ
u
+

corresponding to a reduction of v' by two quanta.
GaInAsP/InP Double Heterostructure Laser with Monolithically Integrated Passive Waveguide
Authors: Liau Z. L. , Walpole J. N. 
Published: February 2023

Monolithic integration of passive waveguides with double heterostructure (DH) lasers has the potential for a number of interesting device applications, including lasers with distributed Bragg reflectors or integrated external cavities, intensity or frequency modulators, and mode-locked DH lasers. Previous attempts to achieve this structure with GaAs/GaAlAs or GaInAsP/InP systems resulted in relatively high threshold current densities.(1-6) We have developed in this work a liquid-phase epitaxial (LPE) technique to grow

Ga

x
2

In

1
−

x
2

As

y
2

P

1
−

y
2

/
InP

DH Passive waveguides integrated with and precisely aligned to previously grown

Ga

x
1

In

1
−

x
1

As

y
1

P

1
−

y
1

/
InP

DH laser structures. Uniform waveguide layers and good surface morphology have been achieved in the LPE regrowth. Relatively low threshold current densities (2.4 - 3.1 kA/cm2) were obtained for broad area lasers with one integrated passive waveguide section.
Resonance Raman spectra and solvation dynamics of transient dihalide radical ions in aqueous solution
Authors: Tripathi G. N. R. 
Published: February 2023

The upper electronic states in the near-ultraviolet transition (2Σ
g
←2Σ
u

+
) of dihalide radical ions

(

Cl

2

⋅
¯

,

Br

2

⋅
¯

,

I
2

⋅
¯

)

are known to be dissociative. We have observed the resonance Raman spectra of these highly reactive species (and also

Cl

Br

⋅
¯

) prepared by pulse radiolysis methods in aqueous solution. The resonance Raman observations combined with low photodissociation yields (10-24%) indicate that the excited state lifetimes are of the order of vibrational period of the radical molecules. From the extrapolated convergence of the vibrational progressions in the Raman spectra, the bond dissociation energies are evaluated as 1.6, 1.3, and 0.9 eV for

Cl

2

⋅
¯

,

Br

2

⋅
¯

,

and

I
2

⋅
¯

, respectively. Overtone linewidths in the resonance Raman spectra are observed to increase linearly with the vibrational quantum number, and loss of discreteness is evident at much lower energies than the dissociation limits. The dissociation energies calculated on the basis of solvation energies of the product ions are considerably lower than the spectroscopic values and compare well with the energies corresponding to the loss of discrete vibrational structure. The above observations can be reconciled on the basis of the solvation dynamics of the dissociative Σg+ state of the radical ions at ~10-12-s time scale.
Modelling of, and Design for, Thermal Radial Gradients in Lenses for Use with High Power Laser Radiation
Authors: Beckmann Leo H. J. F. 
Published: February 2023

The residual absorption of materials for use in handling of carbon dioxide laser radiation causes radial thermal gradients in rim cooled lenses. A model is presented, which considers the effects of thermal expansion, the varying refractive index over the ray height, and ray bending due to the radial index gradient. The last effect is predominant in most practical lenses. The model has been verified experimentally using lenses with 1% to 2% absorption, and agreement between measured and calculated focal shift within 10 percent has been reached.
The effect has practical consequences for the design of high performance lens systems, because the thermal gradient also affects the spherical aberration. As one may expect, that lens absorption gradually increases over the lifetime, a design should be optimized for a somewhat higher temperature gradient than would be found in new lens elements. A design example is discussed.
Optical Matching Techniques and Molecular Upconverting Reporters
Authors: Faris Gregory W. , Gerken Martina , Dyer Mark J. , Wu Xingkun 
Published: February 2023

We are applying optical matching techniques to two types of applications: (1) the accurate determination of tissue optical properties and (2) improving in vivo imaging quality. With optical matching, measurement of tissue optical properties to accuracies of a few percent is possible. Accurate tissue properties are useful for physiological monitoring, modeling optical imaging and therapies, and providing a priori information for image reconstruction. For imaging, matching improves illumination uniformity and contrast, and makes better use of image dynamic range.
In a separate effort, we are developing a new class of reporters which provide upconversion from molecular labels. Advantages of these materials include no autofluorescence, multiplexing capabilities, no photobleaching, and excitation with compact and low power diode lasers. Applications include in vitro assays and in vivo imaging.
Polychromatic Holographic Correlation Techniques for Enhancing Resolution in Remote Sensing Applications
Authors: Sambasivan R. 
Published: February 2023

In optical remote sensing by photo-reconnaissance satellites or in ground-observation by orbiting space telescopes, the diffraction-limited theoretical resolution possible, is degraded by accidental & vibratory motion of the imaging camera, defocussing, atmospheric turbulence effects on satellite-pictures transmitted, etc. For instance, an orbiting space telescope (height,

h
′

=
275

km

above earth) with an effective focal length, f = 57.6m and equipped with a CCD camera with pixel, d = 15 microns, has a theoretical resolution:

R
=

(

h
′

d

/
f

)

→
=
7.16

cm
(
!
)

on ground; however, in practice due to image-degradation, the feasible resolution is of 10-15m only(which can be improved with rigid satellite attitude-control, to 1-2m).
Bidirectional high sidelobe suppression silicon optical phased array
Authors: Qiu Huaqing , Liu Yong , Meng Xiansong , Guan Xiaowei , Ding Yunhong , Hu Hao 
Published: February 2023

An optical phased array (OPA), the most promising non-mechanical beam steering technique, has great potential for solid-state light detection and ranging systems, holographic imaging, and free-space optical communications. A high quality beam with low sidelobes is crucial for long-distance free-space transmission and detection. However, most previously reported OPAs suffer from high sidelobe levels, and few efforts are devoted to reducing sidelobe levels in both azimuthal (
φ
) and polar (
θ
) directions. To solve this issue, we propose a Y-splitter-assisted cascaded coupling scheme to realize Gaussian power distribution in the azimuthal direction, which overcomes the bottleneck in the conventional cascaded coupling scheme and significantly increases the sidelobe suppression ratio (SLSR) in the
φ
direction from 20 to 66 dB in theory for a 120-channel OPA. Moreover, we designed an apodized grating emitter to realize Gaussian power distribution in the polar direction to increase the SLSR. Based on both designs, we experimentally demonstrated a 120-channel OPA with dual-Gaussian power distribution in both
φ
and
θ
directions. The SLSRs in
φ
and
θ
directions are measured to be
15.1  dB
and
25  dB
, respectively. Furthermore, we steer the beam to the maximum field of view of
25°×13.2°
with a periodic
2λ
pitch (3.1 μm). The maximum total power consumption is only 0.332 W with a thermo-optic efficiency of
2.7  mW/π
.
Clinical characteristics and severity prediction score of Adenovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent adult
Authors: Hu Chao , Zeng Ying , Zhong Zhi , Yang Li , Li Hui , Zhang Huan Ming , Xia Hong , Jiang Ming Yan 
Published: February 2023

Background
Compared with children and immunocompromised patients, Adenovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent adults is less common. Evaluation of the applicability of severity score in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) admission of Adenovirus pneumonia is limited.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 50 Adenovirus pneumonia inpatients in Xiangtan Central Hospital from 2018 to 2020. Hospitalized patients with no pneumonia or immunosuppression were excluded. Clinical characteristics and chest image at the admission of all patients were collected. Severity scores, including Pneumonia severity index (PSI), CURB-65, SMART-COP, and PaO2/FiO2 combined lymphocyte were evaluated to compare the performance of ICU admission.

Results
Fifty inpatients with Adenovirus pneumonia were selected, 27 (54%) non-ICU and 23 (46%) ICU. Most patients were men (40 [80.00%]). Age median was 46.0 (IQR 31.0–56.0). Patients who required ICU care (n = 23) were more likely to report dyspnea (13[56.52%] vs 6[22.22%]; P = 0.002) and have lower transcutaneous oxygen saturation ([90% (IQR, 90–96), 95% (IQR, 93–96)]; P = 0.032). 76% (38/50) of patients had bilateral parenchymal abnormalities, including 91.30% (21/23) of ICU patients and 62.96% (17/27) of non-ICU patients. 23 Adenovirus pneumonia patients had bacterial infections, 17 had other viruses, and 5 had fungi. Coinfection with virus was more common in non-ICU patients than ICU patients (13[48.15%]VS 4[17.39%], P = 0.024), while bacteria and fungi not. SMART-COP exhibited the best ICU admission evaluation performance in Adenovirus pneumonia patients (AUC = 0.873, p < 0.001) and distributed similar in coinfections and no coinfections (p = 0.26).

Conclusions
In summary, Adenovirus pneumonia is not uncommon in immunocompetent adult patients who are susceptible to coinfection with other etiological illnesses. The initial SMART-COP score is still a reliable and valuable predictor of ICU admission in non-immunocompromised adult inpatients with adenovirus pneumonia.
Childhood and adolescent nutrition outcomes among girls exposed to gender-based violence: A rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research
Authors: Vahedi Luissa , Orjuela-Grimm Manuela , Bhatt-Carreno Silvia , Meyer Sarah Rachel 
Published: February 2023

Background
An emerging evidence base has explored the nutritional consequences of gender-based violence (GBV) perpetrated against girls during childhood/adolescence. We conducted a rapid evidence assessment of quantitative studies describing associations between GBV and girls’ nutrition.

Methods
We adapted systematic review methods and included empirical, peer-reviewed studies, published after 2000 (until November, 2022), that were written in Spanish or English and reported quantitative associations between girls’ exposure to GBV and nutrition outcomes. A variety of GBV forms were considered: childhood sexual abuse (CSA), child marriage, preferential feeding of boys, sexual IPV and dating violence. Nutrition outcomes included anemia, underweight, overweight, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, meal frequency, and dietary diversity.

Results
In total, 18 studies were included, 13 of which were conducted in high-income countries. Most sources utilized longitudinal or cross-sectional data to quantify associations between CSA, sexual assault, and intimate partner/dating violence and elevated BMI/overweight/obesity/adiposity. Findings suggest that CSA perpetrated by parents/caregivers is associated with elevated BMI/overweight/obesity/adiposity via cortisol reactivity and depression; this relationship may be compounded by additional intimate partner/dating violence in adolescence. The effects of sexual violence on BMI are likely to emerge during a sensitive period of development between late adolescence and young adulthood. Emerging evidence was found regarding the relationship between child marriage (and the related exposure: age at first pregnancy) and undernutrition. The association between sexual abuse and reduced height and leg length was inconclusive.

Conclusion
Given that only 18 studies were included, the relationship between girls’ direct exposure to GBV and malnutrition has received little empirical attention, especially with respect to studies conducted in LMIC and fragile settings. Most studies focused on CSA and overweight/obesity, where significant associations were found. Future research should test the moderation and mediation effects of intermediary variables (depression, PTSD, cortisol reactivity, impulsivity, emotional eating) and consider sensitive periods of development. Research should also explore the nutritional consequences of child marriage.
The inï¬‚uence of corporate reputation on the quality corporate social responsibility disclosure: Banking sector
Authors: Pramukti Andika , Ahmad Hamzah , Saffanah Nurina 
Published: February 2023

This study is aimed to examine the effect of reputation toward the quality of corporate social responsibility disclosure. This study applied an index based on the qualitative characteristics of the International Financial Reporting Standard Conceptual Framework. In addition, the study is modified with Â a measured variable of the Quality of Corporate Social responsibility Disclosure. Furthermore, this study used purposive judgment sampling and 13 relevant financial sector companies were obtained. The result indicates that company reputation has positive relationship with the quality of CSR disclosure, but it is insignificant. In addition, this study indicates that the relevant dimension has not been highlighted compared to other dimensions such as loyal representation, understanding, and Comparability. CSR disclosures prioritize quality in order to be credible communication tool for the users.
How do fraud diamond and procrastination trigger cheating behavior in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic?
Authors: Novita Novita , Jannah Firdatul 
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia has changed the pattern of theÂ learning system from face-to-face in the classroom to online learning.Â In practice, the online learning system utilizes information technology,Â which raises not only effectiveness, but also new challenges. One of the challenges of the online learning system is the student cheating behavior.Â This study aims to determine the effect of the fraud diamond dimensions, which consist of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability,and procrastination on the detection of student cheating behavior. This research is a quantitative research. The data used is primary data in the form of questionnaires. The respondents of this study are college students at LLDIKTI Region III DKI Jakarta. The data consists of 400 sample students. Data testing is carried out using STATA Version 14.2. TheÂ results of this study indicate that the fraud diamond dimensions consisting of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability have a positiveÂ effect on the detection of student cheating behavior. Procrastination also has a positive effect on the detection of student cheating behavior.
Design and implementation of a microcontroller based electrostatic spray pyrolysis instrument for thin film deposition
Authors: Ojonugwa  Daniel Thomas , Alu Noble , Oreoluwa Edaogbogun Goodness , Olajid Abdulmutolib , Amah Orji 
Published: February 2023

This research is focused on the design and implementation of a microcontroller based electrostatic spray pyrolysis instrument that can sense and regulate temperature change with an alternating current to direct current converter in the range of 220V-1KV AC to 20KV DC for thin film deposition. In spray pyrolysis technique precise management of the spray parameters helps to create good and uniform thin films with ease of reproducibility of film properties. However it is a draw back in the manually operated electrostatic spray pyrolysis instrument mostly used in developing countries of Africa which causes variations in film structure, thickness, associated film properties and difficulty of reproducibility of film properties. The need for improved locally made ESP unit is also timely due to the inadequacy/unavailability of thin film deposition apparatus in most African institutions/materials research laboratories. The circuit was simulated on Multism software and transfer to PCB, etching was done using Lead (II) oxide while the unit components where assembled by soldering of electronics components, bonding and drilling of associated components. Arduinounoatmega 328 micro controller was employed. The fabricated device operated at 1KV to 20KV dc voltage for film deposition, at a substrate temperature range of 100oC to 450oC with a steady flow rate of 0.04ml/min, define spray pattern, define precursor usage and a precise control of major deposition parameters. ZnO:Al thin film deposited with the equipment was found to have a crystalline structure of fine grains.Â Â Â