bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine health check-ups for adolescents in Mwanza City, Tanzania: stakeholders’ recommendations on its content, venue, and mode of delivery
Authors: Sedekia Yovitha , Mshana Gerry , Nsanya Mussa K. , Kohl Kid , Wambura Mwita , Grosskurth Heiner , Ross David A. , Kapiga Saidi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Routine adolescent health screening aiming at the detection of unnoticed medical problems may increase awareness among policy makers and contribute to improved health in this population. Research is needed to inform the World Health Organization (WHO) and national health programs to provide evidence-based guidance on whether public health systems should offer comprehensive adolescent health screening, what should be included in different contexts, and how it should be delivered. We conducted formative research to define the content and delivery strategies for health check-ups to be performed in young (10–14 years) and older (15–19 years) adolescents, and to assess whether such services are likely to be acceptable and feasible in Tanzania.

Methods
As part of a collaborative research program coordinated by WHO in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe; Mwanza City, Tanzania; and Cape Coast, Ghana a series of key informant interviews were conducted from April to July 2020, using a semi-structured guide with purposively selected stakeholders from government departments, non-governmental and community-based organisations, schools and health facilities. Data transcripts were coded using NVivo 12 software and thematic analysis was performed.

Results
We report results from 31 key informant interviews to address four main domains: proposed health conditions for routine health check-ups, health interventions to be combined with such check-ups, preferable venues, and the mode for delivering such screening activities. Stakeholders were supportive of introducing routine health check-ups among adolescents. They recommended focusing on non-communicable diseases, physical disabilities, common mental health problems, reproductive health problems, specific communicable diseases, and hygiene-related problems. They also recommended combining counselling and family planning information with these check-ups. Three venues were proposed: schools, community settings (to reach out-of-school adolescents), and youth-friendly health facilities (for conditions requiring a high level of confidentiality).

Conclusions
Stakeholders were supportive of the proposed routine health check-ups for adolescents, recommending specific health conditions to be screened for in both community and school settings. Based on the above, we plan to conduct implementation research to determine the number of new treatable conditions detected, and the costs of offering such services. In the longer term, evaluation of their health impact and cost-effectiveness will be required to guide policy.
Finite element analysis of the mechanical strength of a new hip Spacer
Authors: Ge Hao , Yan Hongsong , Liu Xianwang , Huang Yiwei , Zeng Jianchun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and objective
At present, the influence of the internal metallic endoskeleton of Spacer on the biomechanical strength of Spacer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanical stability of a novel Spacer applying a annular skeleton that mimics the structure of trabecular bone using finite element methods.

Metheds
The femur models of three healthy individuals and skeletonless Spacer, K-Spacer, and AD-Spacer were assembled to create 15 3D models. Finite element analysis was performed in an Ansys Bench2022R1. Biomechanical parameters such as stress and strain of the Spacer, internal skeleton and femur were evaluated under three loads, which were applied with the maximum force borne by the hip joint (2100 N), standing on one leg (700 N), and standing on two legs (350 N). The mechanical properties of the new hip Spacer were evaluated.

Result
The stresses on the medial and lateral surfaces of the AD-Spacer and K-Spacer were smaller than the stresses in the state without skeletal support. The maximum stresses on the medial and lateral surfaces of the AD-Spacer were smaller than those of the inserted K-Spacer, and the difference gradually increased with the increase of force intensity. When the skeleton diameter was increased from 3 to 4 mm, the stresses in the medial and lateral sides of the AD-Spacer and K-Spacer necks decreased. The stress of both skeletons was concentrated at the neck, but the stress of the annular skeleton was evenly distributed on the medial and lateral sides of the skeleton. The mean stress in the proximal femur was higher in femurs with K-Spacer than in femurs with AD-Spacer.

Conclusions
AD-Spacer has lower stress and higher load-bearing capacity than K-Spacer, and the advantages of AD-Spacer are more obvious under the maximum load state of hip joint.
Use of the forgotten joint score (FJS)-12 to evaluate knee awareness after quadriceps tendon reconstruction
Authors: Sava Manuel P. , Schelker Benjamin L. , Khan Zainab A. , Amsler Felix , Hirschmann Michael T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Quadriceps tendon rupture (QTR) is a severe injury of the knee extensor apparatus. The study aims to validate the use of forgotten joint score (FJS-12) for functional outcome assessing after surgical treatment of QTR.

Methods
Fifty-seven patients who underwent surgery for QTR with transosseous suture reconstruction in a single orthopaedic surgery and traumatology center between 2015 and 2020 were eligible for enrolment in this retrospective case series. The demographic data and other pre-operative details such as age, gender, comorbidities and medication use also were extracted from the medical records. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were gathered in the form of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index Score (WOMAC), Tegner Activity Score (TAS), Lysholm Score and FJS-12 at a mean follow-up time of 49.84 months ± 20.64 months. The FJS-12 was validated by correlation with WOMAC, TAS and Lysholm Score.

Results
The mean age of all patients were 69.2 ± 13.6 years with 51 (89.5%) males and 6 (10.5%) females. The mean time from injury to surgery was 3.39 ± 5.46 days. All patients reported satisfactory functional outcomes after surgery on FJS-12, WOMAC and Lysholm scores, except the TAS, which decreased slightly from pre-operative level. There was a high negative correlation between WOMAC and FJS-12, but moderate positive correlations between FJS-12 and TAS and Lysholm scores. The Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.96 for 12 items in FJS-12.

Conclusion
This study has found that FJS-12 is a reliable and easy to assess tool for functional outcomes after QTR reconstruction. It has shown moderate to strong correlation with other commonly used outcome measures (WOMAC, TAS and Lysholm).
Influence of surface treatment on repair bond strength of CAD/CAM long-term provisional restorative materials: an in vitro study
Authors: Soliman Tarek Ahmed , Robaian Ali , Al-Gerny Youssef , Hussein Eman Mohamed Raffat 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The surface treatment to improve the repair bond strength may vary because CAD/CAM provisional restoration polymers exhibit a variety of microstructures. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of surface treatments on the repairability of three different CAD/CAM polymers for long-term provisional restorations.

Methods
Thirty specimens from each provisional restorative materials (CAD-Temp, Everest C-Temp, and PEEK) were divided into three groups: C: surfaces received no treatment; SB: surfaces were airborne particle abraded with 50 μm aluminum oxide; SB-T: surfaces received the same conditions as group SB in addition to thermocycling before and after treatment. Primer and nanohybrid repair resin composite were applied to the prepared CAD /CAM surfaces. The shear bond strength and the mode of failure were assessed. ANOVA and Tukey’s significant difference tests were used to evaluate the data.

Results
The SB group had significantly higher repair SBS values (p < .001) compared to the other groups (C and SB-T). Everest C-Temp significantly recorded the highest repair SBS (17.84 ± 0.19 MPa) in group SB, while the lowest repair SBS values (5.51 ± 1.14 MPa) for CAD-Temp were recorded in group C. PEEK significantly recorded the second highest repair SBS (15.96 ± 0.18) in the SB group.

Conclusions
Everest C-Temp had the highest repair SBS after an airborne abrasion particle. Thermocycling had no significant effect on the repair SBS for PEEK. Everest C-Temp and PEEK are recommended as long-term durable provisional materials for clinical use.
Evaluation of recurrence, mortality and treatment complications of oral squamous cell carcinoma in public health centers in Shiraz during 2010 to 2020
Authors: Rezazadeh Fahimeh , Andisheh-Tadbir Azadeh , Malek Mansouri Zahra , Khademi Bijan , Bayat Pourya , Sedarat Hossein , Tabesh Amir , Tayebi Khorami Elham 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer and is treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Various complications of treatment include xerostomia, mucositis, and trismus, which affect patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mortality, recurrence rate and prevalence of oral complications in treated patients.

Method and materials
This cross-sectional study reviewed 326 cases of patients with OSCC who were referred to public health centers in Shiraz (Khalili Hospital and Dental School) from 2010 to 2020. All patients were contacted, and the survivors were called and examined by an oral physician. A medical record was created for them, including demographic information, location of the lesion, type of treatment, history of recurrence, metastasis and oral complications.

Results
53.5% of patients were male and 46.5% were female. The mean age of patients was 58.68 years. Mortality and recurrence rate was respectively 49.8% and 17.8%. The most common location of the lesion was tongue (64%). Surgery was done for all patients. 97.4% of patients complained of xerostomia, 46.2% of mucositis and 44.3% of trismus.

Conclusion
The most common complications of treatment are xerostomia, mucositis, and trismus, respectively. Frequent and regular follow-ups and supportive therapies reduce these complications and improve patients’ quality of life.
Telemedicine consultation for emergency patients’ attention: a clinical experience from a high complex university hospital from Latin America
Authors: Libreros-Peña Laura , Quintero Jaime A. , Gelves Arnold , Alarcón Juliana , Morales Sergio , Escobar María Fernanda , Valencia Andres M. , Guzmán Sara , Diez-Sepulveda Julio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
As a result of the new coronavirus pandemic, a highly complex academic hospital in Latin America implemented a telemedicine service for the care of obstetric, pediatric, and adult patients. In 2020, regional emergency services collapsed due to the increase in demand for care, generating the need to open expansion services and seek strategies to provide timely care to consulting patients.

Objective
We retrospectively describe the clinical experience of patients who consulted the emergency department via telemedicine across a videoconference tool using digital platforms.

Methods
A descriptive study with retrospective data collection was conducted to describe the implementation of the teleconsultation care model for patients. We constructed the clinical process indicators to evaluate the model.

Results
A total of 4652 teleconsultations were registered. Telemedicine consultation was above 50% in the country and department and above 90% in Cali city. The average waiting time for care was estimated to be 1:59:52 h. A total of 275 patients were transferred to the emergency room after consultation. The principal reasons for consultation in the institutional telemedicine program were respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Teleconsultations related to SARS-COV 2 infections reported 3775 patients (3127 with unidentified virus and 648 with the identified virus).

Conclusions
Telemedicine is a tool that provides support and guidance to patients who consult emergency departments, reducing barriers to access health care and decreasing emergency department collapse.
Identification of founder and novel mutations that cause congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) in palestinian patients
Authors: Khaled Boushra , Alzahayqa Mahmoud , Jaffal Ahmad , Sallam Husam , Thawabta Rua’a , Mansour Mamoun , Alian Akram , Salah Zaidoun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized primarily by an inability to perceive physical pain from birth, resulting in the accumulation of bruising, inflammation, and fractures that affect patient’s life expectancy. CIP has different forms including CIP and CIPA. CIP with Anhidrosis (CIPA) is the most common type of CIP, which is caused mainly by mutations in NTRK1 and NGF genes, and is characterized by mental retardation and the inability to sweat (Anhidrosis). Because of high consanguinity rates in Palestine, this rare disease appears to have a higher frequency than in other communities. However, there were no systematic studies to address the genetic factors that cause CIP in the Palestinian community.

Methods
In our study, we used Sanger and Whole exome sequencing to genotype members of five CIP-affected Palestinian families.

Results
Our results confirm the presence of the founder c.1860-1861insT mutation in the NTRK1 gene of Palestinian Bedouin CIPA patients. Furthermore, one CIPA family carried a missense c.2170 G > A (G724 S) mutation in exon 16 of the NTRK1 gene. Finally, a novel nonsense c.901 A > T mutation (K301*) was detected in exon 7 of the SCN9A gene in CIP without anhidrosis family.

Conclusions
Our study revealed three mutations that cause CIP and CIPA in the Palestinian community, which can help in improving the process of diagnosis and genetic counseling and establishing protocols for the diagnosis and follow-up for the affected individuals. This is especially important given that early diagnosis and medical care interference can prevent unpleasant CIP and CIPA complications.
Prenatal diagnosis of genetic aberrations in fetuses with pulmonary stenosis in southern China: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Cai Meiying , Guo Nan , Fu Meimei , Chen Yuqing , Liang Bin , Que Yanting , Ji Qingqiang , Huang Hailong , Xu Liangpu , Lin Na 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe genetic etiology of congenital pulmonary stenosis (PS) in fetuses remains inadequately studied. We used karyotype analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) to investigate the genetic aberrations associated with PS in human fetuses.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 84 fetuses with congenital PS in southern China. Fetal amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained for chromosomal karyotype analysis and CMA.ResultsThe rate of pathogenic copy number variation (CNV) was 15.5% (13/84) after karyotyping and CMA. An abnormal karyotype was detected in five cases (6.0%, 5/84) via karyotyping, whereas pathogenic CNVs were detected in 13 cases (15.5%, 13/84) via CMA. In addition to the five abnormal karyotypes detected using karyotype analysis, eight additional chromosomal microduplications and microdeletions were detected using CMA, comprising three cases of 22q11.21 microdeletion; two cases of 16p11.2 microdeletion; one case of simultaneous 18q23 microdeletion and 22q13.33 microduplication; one case of 15q24.1q24.2 microdeletion; and one case of 1q21.1q21.2 microduplication. The rate of pathogenic CNV occurrence was 11.5% in fetuses with isolated PS and 17.2% in fetuses with PS combined with other ultrasound abnormalities. This difference between the two experimental groups was statistically significant. Among 84 fetuses with PS, 39 pregnancies were terminated, and five were lost to follow-up.ConclusionsCMA was not only conducive to detect PS-related pathogenic genomic abnormalities but also to accurately evaluate fetal prognosis in genetic counseling. The early detection of PS and genomic abnormalities will exerta positive impact on fetal intervention and the related prognosis of PS in perinatal infants.
Evidence for a lack of inotropic and chronotropic effects of glucagon and glucagon receptors in the human heart
Authors: Aranda-Domene Ramón , Orenes-Piñero Esteban , Arribas-Leal José María , Canovas-Lopez Sergio , Hernández-Cascales Jesús 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Glucagon is thought to increase heart rate and contractility by stimulating glucagon receptors and increasing 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in the myocardium. This has been confirmed in animal studies but not in the human heart. The cardiostimulatory effects of glucagon have been correlated with the degree of cardiac dysfunction, as well as with the enzymatic activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE), which hydrolyses cAMP. In this study, the presence of glucagon receptors in the human heart and the inotropic and chronotropic effects of glucagon in samples of failing and nonfailing (NF) human hearts were investigated.

Methods
Concentration‒response curves for glucagon in the absence and presence of the PDE inhibitor IBMX were performed on samples obtained from the right (RA) and left atria (LA), the right (RV) and left ventricles (LV), and the sinoatrial nodes (SNs) of failing and NF human hearts. The expression of glucagon receptors was also investigated. Furthermore, the inotropic and chronotropic effects of glucagon were examined in rat hearts.

Results
In tissues obtained from failing and NF human hearts, glucagon did not exert inotropic or chronotropic effects in the absence or presence of IBMX. IBMX (30 µM) induced a marked increase in contractility in NF hearts (RA: 83 ± 28% (n = 5), LA: 80 ± 20% (n = 5), RV: 75 ± 12% (n = 5), and LV: 40 ± 8% (n = 5), weaker inotropic responses in the ventricular myocardium of failing hearts (RV: 25 ± 10% (n = 5) and LV: 10 ± 5% (n = 5) and no inotropic responses in the atrial myocardium of failing hearts. IBMX (30 µM) increased the SN rate in failing and NF human hearts (27.4 ± 3.0 beats min−1, n = 10). In rat hearts, glucagon induced contractile and chronotropic responses, but only contractility was enhanced by 30 µM IBMX (maximal inotropic effect of glucagon 40 ± 8% vs. 75 ± 10%, in the absence or presence of IBMX, n = 5, P < 0.05; maximal chronotropic response 77.7 ± 6.4 beats min−1 vs. 73 ± 11 beats min−1, in the absence or presence of IBMX, n = 5, P > 0.05). Glucagon receptors were not detected in the human heart samples.

Conclusions
Our results conflict with the view that glucagon induces inotropic and chronotropic effects and that glucagon receptors are expressed in the human heart.
Cost of image-guided percutaneous nephrostomy among cervical cancer patients at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Mori Amani Thomas , Nyabakari Cecilia J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Most cervical cancer patients in developing countries seek care in health facilities with an advanced disease, often characterized by obstructive uropathy. This study aims to estimate the cost of an image-guided percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), which was recently introduced at Muhimbili National Hospital to manage obstructive uropathy.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted between February and June 2021, from the provider’s perspective. The study involved forty-eight (n = 48) cervical cancer patients with obstructive uropathy. A micro-costing approach was used to identify, quantify and value both capital and recurrent cost items consumed by the patients. Cost data were collected in Tanzanian shillings and converted to USD with the relevant exchange rate. Analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Excel®, Microsoft Corporation).

Results
The unit cost of image-guided PCN at Muhimbili National Hospital was estimated at 380.4 USD. The main cost drivers were the single-use Nephrostomy catheters, Amplatz guide wire, and Micro-puncture set. The estimated unit cost is higher than the reimbursement price of 237.4 USD charged by the National Health Insurance Fund, and the 259.4 USD and 172.9 USD charged by the hospital for private and public patients, respectively.

Conclusion
Image-guided PCN for cervical cancer patients costs three times the minimum monthly government wage. The study underscores the importance of conducting costing studies to inform pricing and reimbursement decisions in Tanzania.
Cellular crosstalk in atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment
Authors: Mahdinia Elmira , Shokri Nafiseh , Taheri Abdolkarim Talebi , Asgharzadeh Sahar , Elahimanesh Mohammad , Najafi Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis is an underlying pathology of many vascular diseases as a result of cellular, structural and molecular dysfunctions within the sub-endothelial space. This review deals with the events involved in the formation, growth and remodeling of plaque, including the cell recruitment, cell polarization, and cell fat droplets. It also describes cross talking between endothelial cells, macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as the cellular pathways involved in plaque development in the plaque microenvironment. Finally, it describes the plaque structural components and the role of factors involved in the rupture and erosion of plaques in the vessel.
Analysis of the microglia transcriptome across the human lifespan using single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Yaqubi Moein , Groh Adam M. R. , Dorion Marie-France , Afanasiev Elia , Luo Julia Xiao Xuan , Hashemi Hadi , Sinha Sarthak , Kieran Nicholas W. , Blain Manon , Cui Qiao-Ling , Biernaskie Jeff , Srour Myriam , Dudley Roy , Hall Jeffery A. , Sonnen Joshua A. , Arbour Nathalie , Prat Alexandre , Stratton Jo Anne , Antel Jack , Healy Luke M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Microglia are tissue resident macrophages with a wide range of critically important functions in central nervous system development and homeostasis.

Method
In this study, we aimed to characterize the transcriptional landscape of ex vivo human microglia across different developmental ages using cells derived from pre-natal, pediatric, adolescent, and adult brain samples. We further confirmed our transcriptional observations using ELISA and RNAscope.

Results
We showed that pre-natal microglia have a distinct transcriptional and regulatory signature relative to their post-natal counterparts that includes an upregulation of phagocytic pathways. We confirmed upregulation of CD36, a positive regulator of phagocytosis, in pre-natal samples compared to adult samples in situ. Moreover, we showed adult microglia have more pro-inflammatory signature compared to microglia from other developmental ages. We indicated that adult microglia are more immune responsive by secreting increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS treatment compared to the pre-natal microglia. We further validated in situ up-regulation of IL18 and CXCR4 in human adult brain section compared to the pre-natal brain section. Finally, trajectory analysis indicated that the transcriptional signatures adopted by microglia throughout development are in response to a changing brain microenvironment and do not reflect predetermined developmental states.

Conclusion
In all, this study provides unique insight into the development of human microglia and a useful reference for understanding microglial contribution to developmental and age-related human disease.