bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving experimental biases in the interpretation of diffusion experiments with a user-friendly numerical reactive transport approach
Authors: Tournassat Christophe , Steefel Carl I. , Fox Patricia M. , Tinnacher Ruth M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe reactive transport code CrunchClay was used to derive effective diffusion coefficients (De), clay porosities (ε), and adsorption distribution coefficients (KD) from through-diffusion data while considering accurately the influence of unavoidable experimental biases on the estimation of these diffusion parameters. These effects include the presence of filters holding the solid sample in place, the variations in concentration gradients across the diffusion cell due to sampling events, the impact of tubing/dead volumes on the estimation of diffusive fluxes and sample porosity, and the effects of O-ring-filter setups on the delivery of solutions to the clay packing. Doing so, the direct modeling of the measurements of (radio)tracer concentrations in reservoirs is more accurate than that of data converted directly into diffusive fluxes. While the above-mentioned effects have already been described individually in the literature, a consistent modeling approach addressing all these issues at the same time has never been described nor made easily available to the community. A graphical user interface, CrunchEase, was created, which supports the user by automating the creation of input files, the running of simulations, and the extraction and comparison of data and simulation results. While a classical model considering an effective diffusion coefficient, a porosity and a solid/solution distribution coefficient (De–ε–KD) may be implemented in any reactive transport code, the development of CrunchEase makes it easy to apply by experimentalists without a background in reactive transport modeling. CrunchEase makes it also possible to transition more easily from a De–ε–KD modeling approach to a state-of-the-art process-based understanding modeling approach using the full capabilities of CrunchClay, which include surface complexation modeling and a multi-porosity description of the clay packing with charged diffuse layers.
Spatial distribution characteristics and causes of public sports venues in China
Authors: Zhang Yueting , Yi Ming Yikeranmu , Shi Bing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPublic sports venues serve as a crucial material medium for human athletic activities. Research on their spatial distribution holds profound implications for optimizing spatial layout and promoting human sports endeavors. This paper takes interest points of sports venues in China as research samples, employing GIS spatial analysis tools, mathematical statistics, and Geo-detector as research methods. It systematically investigates the spatial distribution characteristics and causes of sports venues in China, aiming to provide insights and references for the optimization of spatial arrangement, sustainable development, and relevant policy formulation of sports venues in the country. The results indicate that: (1) In terms of overall distribution characteristics, sports venues in China present a multi-centric agglomeration in geographical space. (2) From a regional distribution perspective, the spatial layout of these venues reveals a pattern of “more in the south, less in the north,” “dense in the southeast, sparse in the northwest,” and a coastal strip distribution. (3) Regarding spatial correlation, the hot and cold spot partitions of sports venues largely align with the “Hu-Line”, with their spatial distribution tending towards a positively correlated pattern of high–high clustering and low–low clustering. (4) There is evident heterogeneity in factors affecting sports venues’ spatial distribution. The distribution results from the interactive coupling of multiple factors, where the interaction between any two factors offers stronger explanatory power for the spatial layout of the venues.
Monitoring the impacts of crop residue cover on agricultural productivity and soil chemical and physical characteristics
Authors: Kazemi Garajeh Mohammad , Hassangholizadeh Keyvan , Bakhshi Lomer Amir Reza , Ranjbari Amin , Ebadi Ladan , Sadeghnejad Mostafa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo the best of our knowledge, the impacts of crop residue cover (CRC) on agricultural productivity and soil fertility have not been studied by previous researchers. In this regard, this study aims to apply an integrated approach of remote sensing and geospatial analysis to detect CRC and monitor the effects of CRC on agricultural productivity, as well as soil chemical and physical characteristics. To achieve this, a series of Landsat images and 275 ground control points (GCPs) collected from the study areas for the years 2013, 2015, and 2021 were used. A convolutional neural network (CNN), a class of artificial neural network has commonly applied to analyze visual imagery, was employed in this study for CRC detection in two classes (Not-CRC and CRC) for the years 2013, 2015, and 2021. To assess the effects of CRC, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was applied to Landsat image series for the years 2015 (22 images), 2019 (20 images), and 2022 (23 images). Furthermore, this study evaluates the impacts of CRC on soil fertility based on collected field observation data. The results show a high performance (Accuracy of > 0.95) of the CNN for CRC detection and mapping. The findings also reveal positive effects of CRC on agricultural productivity, indicating an increase in vegetation density by about 0.1909 and 0.1377 for study areas 1 and 2, respectively, from 2015 to 2022. The results also indicate an increase in soil chemical and physical characteristics, including EC, PH, Na, Mg, HCO3, K, silt, sand, and clay from 2015 to 2022, based on physical examination. In general, the findings underscore that the value of an integrated approach of remote sensing and geospatial analysis for detecting CRC and monitoring its impacts on agricultural productivity and soil fertility. This research can offer valuable insight to researchers and decision-makers in the field of soil science, land management and agriculture.
A mathematical investigation of polyaneuploid cancer cell memory and cross-resistance in state-structured cancer populations
Authors: Bukkuri Anuraag , Pienta Kenneth J. , Austin Robert H. , Hammarlund Emma U. , Amend Sarah R. , Brown Joel S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe polyaneuploid cancer cell (PACC) state promotes cancer lethality by contributing to survival in extreme conditions and metastasis. Recent experimental evidence suggests that post-therapy PACC-derived recurrent populations display cross-resistance to classes of therapies with independent mechanisms of action. We hypothesize that this can occur through PACC memory, whereby cancer cells that have undergone a polyaneuploid transition (PAT) reenter the PACC state more quickly or have higher levels of innate resistance. In this paper, we build on our prior mathematical models of the eco-evolutionary dynamics of cells in the 2N+ and PACC states to investigate these two hypotheses. We show that although an increase in innate resistance is more effective at promoting cross-resistance, this trend can also be produced via PACC memory. We also find that resensitization of cells that acquire increased innate resistance through the PAT have a considerable impact on eco-evolutionary dynamics and extinction probabilities. This study, though theoretical in nature, can help inspire future experimentation to tease apart hypotheses surrounding how cross-resistance in structured cancer populations arises.
Newly deceased Caribbean reef-building corals experience rapid carbonate loss and colonization by endolithic organisms
Authors: Medellín-Maldonado Francisco , Cruz-Ortega Israel , Pérez-Cervantes Esmeralda , Norzogaray-López Orion , Carricart-Ganivet Juan P. , López-Pérez Andrés , Alvarez-Filip Lorenzo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoral mortality triggers the loss of carbonates fixed within coral skeletons, compromising the reef matrix. Here, we estimate rates of carbonate loss in newly deceased colonies of four Caribbean reef-building corals. We use samples from living and recently deceased colonies following a stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) outbreak. Optical densitometry and porosity analyses reveal a loss of up to 40% of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content in dead colonies. The metabolic activity of the endolithic organisms colonizing the dead skeletons is likely partially responsible for the observed dissolution. To test for the consequences of mass mortality events over larger spatial scales, we integrate our estimates of carbonate loss with field data of the composition and size structure of coral communities. The dissolution rate depends on the relative abundance of coral species and the structural properties of their skeletons, yet we estimate an average reduction of 1.33 kg CaCO3 m−2, nearly 7% of the total amount of CaCO3 sequestered in the entire system. Our findings highlight the importance of including biological and chemical processes of CaCO3 dissolution in reef carbonate budgets, particularly as the impacts of global warming, ocean acidification, and disease likely enhance dissolution processes.
Adaptive bistable stochastic resonance based blind watermark extraction in discrete cosine transform domain
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Zan , Miao Qiguang , Qi Peihan , Wang Danyang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlind watermark extraction in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain has a wide application prospect as well as a challenging subject. The imperceptibility of watermark signal makes watermark extraction a weak signal reception issue in essence. For DCT coefficients of host image generally disobey Gaussian distribution, at which the performance of linear correlated reception is no longer optimal. Aiming at this, a novel blind watermark extraction scheme combining the uncorrelated reception with adaptive bistable stochastic resonance (ABSR) technique is proposed. First, by block DCT transformation for host image, an additive watermark embedding algorithm is introduced, in which the watermarked image can be converted to one dimensional time domain weak signal (binary watermark image) reception under additive Laplacian noise (selected DCT coefficients). On this basis, through the key technology research on quantitatively cooperative resonance relationship under Laplacian noise, the ABSR system can be implemented by bistable system parameters self‐adaptive adjustment, in which the ABSR system output signal will be enhanced rather than be weakened by random noise. Finally, the ABSR‐based watermark extraction scheme is investigated, and both the visual effect, bit error ratio performance and robustness of proposed scheme are testified to be superior to that of traditional uncorrelated extraction.
Proximal linearized alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm for nonconvex image restoration with impulse noise
Authors: Tang Yuchao , Deng Shirong , Peng Jigen , Zeng Tieyong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImage restoration with impulse noise is an important task in image processing. Taking into account the statistical distribution of impulse noise, the ℓ1‐norm data fidelity and total variation () model has been widely used in this area. However, the model usually performs worse when the noise level is high. To overcome this drawback, several nonconvex models have been proposed. In this paper, an efficient iterative algorithm is proposed to solve nonconvex models arising in impulse noise. Compared to existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm is a completely explicit algorithm in which every subproblem has a closed‐form solution. The key idea is to transform the original nonconvex models into an equivalent constrained minimization problem with two separable objective functions, where one is differentiable but nonconvex. As a consequence, the proximal linearized alternating direction method of multipliers is employed to solve it. Extensive numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
New Systemic Therapy Strategies for HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Maggie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHER2 positivity is predictive of the response to anti-HER2 therapies. The treatment of HER2-positive tumors is continuously improving through the development of new anti-HER2-directed agents. Many different anti-HER2 therapies are now available which belong to the classes of anti-HER2 antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). A combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab and a taxane (THP) remains the preferred first-line (1L) therapy, whereas T‑DXd is the new standard for 2L metastatic breast cancer based on a highly significant improvement in progression-free survival compared to T-DM1 as shown in the DESTINY-Breast03 study. A tucatinib-based regimen (dual anti-HER2 therapy with trastuzumab and tucatinib plus capecitabine) is the preferred 3L option, which may already be used for 2L treatment in patients with active brain metastases. Different anti-HER2 therapies are available in the 3L setting and beyond. Molecular biomarkers in addition to the quantification of HER2 expression, such as the PD‑L1 status and PIK3CA mutations, can further guide the decision-making process in the future.
Current Imaging Strategies in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Ristow Inka , Riedel Christoph , Lenz Alexander , Well Lennart , Adam Gerhard , Panuccio Giuseppe , Kölbel Tilo , Bannas Peter 
Published: September 2023

Background An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta of ≥ 3 cm. With a prevalence of 4–8 %, AAA is one of the most common vascular diseases in Western society. Radiological imaging is an elementary component in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning of AAA patients.
Method This is a narrative review article on preoperative imaging strategies of AAA, incorporating expert opinions based on the current literature and standard-of-care practices from our own center. Examples are provided to illustrate clinical cases from our institution.
Results and Conclusion Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role in the initial diagnosis and monitoring of patients with AAA. Ultrasound is the mainstay imaging modality for AAA screening and surveillance. Contrast-enhanced CT angiography is currently considered the gold standard for preoperative imaging and image-based treatment planning in AAA repair. New non-contrast MR angiography techniques are robustly applicable and allow precise determination of aortic diameters, which is of critical importance, particularly with regard to current diameter-based surgical treatment guidelines. 3D imaging with multiplanar reformation and automatic centerline positioning enables more accurate assessment of the maximum aortic diameter. Modern imaging techniques such as 4D flow MRI have the potential to further improve individualized risk stratification in patients with AAA.
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Forensic Diagnostics of the Skeletal Age in the Living – Backgrounds and Methodology
Authors: Wittschieber Daniel , Hahnemann Maria Luise , Mentzel Hans-Joachim 
Published: September 2023

Background The expert opinions on forensic age diagnostics requested by state institutions are used to show the exceeding of legally relevant age thresholds, especially the completed 18th year of life. According to the recommendations of the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics (AGFAD), this requires – among other things – a determination of skeletal age.
Method Considering recent scientific knowledge, the current conditions and established skeletal age diagnostics methods are presented. Additionally, this review article sheds light on the influence of ethnicity and socioeconomic status, questions regarding indication, as well as alternative and future developments.
Results and Conclusion In forensic age diagnostics, particularly hand radiography and thin-slice CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis are relevant for determining skeletal age. The Atlas method of Greulich and Pyle (1959) and the clavicular stages by Schmeling et al. (2004) and Kellinghaus et al. (2010) are primarily used for this. This spectrum of methods, which is based on a very solid database, might be supplemented by MRI studies of the knee joint in the near future.
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Citation Format
Langzeitergebnisse des orthogeriatrischen Co-Managements: eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Eiter Andrea , Kellerer Jan Daniel 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungFragilitätsfrakturen der Hüfte sind einer der größten Auslöser für schlechte Gesundheitsergebnisse von älteren Personen. Sie führen häufig zu Einschränkungen der Selbstversorgungsfähigkeit, und die Mortalität ist weiterhin hoch. Das orthogeriatrische Co-Management kann die Resultate dieser Hochrisikopopulation möglicherweise verbessern. Der Einfluss auf Langzeitergebnisse ist jedoch noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Ziel war es, den Einfluss des orthogeriatrischen Co-Managements auf die Mortalitätsrate und die Selbstversorgungsfähigkeit, gemessen am Barthel-Index, 1 Jahr nach einer Hüftfraktur bei Personen ≥ 60 Jahre darzustellen.Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde entsprechend den Prozessschritten Identifikation, Selektion und Bewertung durchgeführt, wobei die Datenbanken MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete und Cochrane Library im Zeitraum von Februar bis März 2022 systematisch durchsucht wurden. Eingeschlossen wurden englisch- und deutschsprachige Artikel, die im Zeitraum von 2012 bis 2022 publiziert wurden. Letztlich konnten 12 Studien inkludiert werden.In 6 Studien wurde eine statistisch signifikante Reduzierung der 1-Jahres-Mortalitätsrate aufgezeigt. In nur 1 von 4 Studien, welche die Selbstversorgungsfähigkeit evaluierten, konnte auf einer spezialisierten Abteilung eine signifikante Verbesserung festgehalten werden.Das orthogeriatrische Co-Management scheint dazu beizutragen, die 1-Jahres-Mortalität und die Selbstversorgungsfähigkeit positiv zu beeinflussen. Die Implementierung dieser Versorgungsform ist angesichts der heterogenen Studienresultate allerdings nur eingeschränkt zu empfehlen.
Early Hyperglycemia Is Associated with Increased Incidence of Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Esmail Jihan , Sakaria Rishika P. , Dhanireddy Ramasubbareddy 
Published: September 2023

Objective Preterm infants have a higher rate of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, both of which have been associated with increased neonatal morbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of abnormal glucose homeostasis during the first 72 hours of life and study its association with major morbidities in infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Study Design This was a retrospective single-center study. We extracted demographic, maternal, and patient information and blood glucose levels for the first 72 hours of life for all infants with birth weight ≤1,000 g admitted to the NICU from January 2017 to December 2019. Continuous data were presented as mean ± standard deviation or as median with interquartile range. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage. Student's t-tests and Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyze continuous data and chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were used to analyze categorical data. Logistic regression analysis was performed to study the relation between hyperglycemia and various morbidities after controlling for gestational age (GA). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results Of the 235 infants included in the study, 49% were hypoglycemic at admission to the NICU. Infants that were small for GA and those with history of maternal β-blocker use had a higher incidence of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia at admission was not associated with increased mortality or any major morbidities. Seventy-three percent infants who were hypoglycemic or euglycemic at birth developed iatrogenic hyperglycemia during the first 72 hours of life. The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and severe ROP was higher in infants with hyperglycemia on univariate analysis. However, on multivariate analysis, after adjusting for GA, no difference was noted in the incidence of ROP between the two groups. Multivariate analysis could not be performed for severe ROP due to inadequate sample size.
Conclusion Hyperglycemia in the initial 3 days of life is associated with an increased incidence of severe ROP in preterm infants. Neonatologists should aim to maintain euglycemia in these infants to decrease the risk of adverse outcomes.
Key Points
A machine learning-based choledocholithiasis prediction tool to improve ERCP decision making: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Steinway Steven N. , Tang Bohao , Caffo Brian S. , Akshintala Venkata S. , Telezing Jeremy , Ashok Aditya , Kamal Ayesha , Yu Chung Yao , Jagtap Nitin , Buxbaum James L. , Elmunzer Joseph , Wani Sachin B. , Khashab Mouen A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrated limited accuracy of existing guidelines for predicting choledocholithiasis, leading to overutilization of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). More accurate stratification may improve patient selection for ERCP and allow use of lower-risk modalities.
Methods A machine learning model was developed using patient information from two published cohort studies that evaluated performance of guidelines in predicting choledocholithiasis. Prediction models were developed using the gradient boosting model (GBM) machine learning method. GBM performance was evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Important predictors of choledocholithiasis were identified based on relative importance in the GBM.
Results 1378 patients (mean age 43.3 years; 61.2% female) were included in the GBM and 59.4% had choledocholithiasis. Eight variables were identified as predictors of choledocholithiasis. The GBM had accuracy of 71.5% (SD 2.5%) (AUC 0.79 [SD 0.06]) and performed better than the 2019 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines (accuracy 62.4% [SD 2.6%]; AUC 0.63 [SD 0.03]) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines (accuracy 62.8% [SD 2.6%]; AUC 0.67 [SD 0.02]). The GBM correctly categorized 22% of patients directed to unnecessary ERCP by ASGE guidelines, and appropriately recommended as the next management step 48% of ERCPs incorrectly rejected by ESGE guidelines.
Conclusions A machine learning-based tool was created, providing real-time, personalized, objective probability of choledocholithiasis and ERCP recommendations. This more accurately directed ERCP use than existing ASGE and ESGE guidelines, and has the potential to reduce morbidity associated with ERCP or missed choledocholithiasis.