bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequencies of Multivariate Air Masses Drive Tree Growth
Authors: Lee Cameron C. , Dannenberg Matthew P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMidlatitude surface meteorological conditions are embedded within—and affected by—synoptic‐scale systems, including the movement and persistence of air masses (AMs). Changes in AM frequencies (number of daily occurrences) over the past several decades could have large effects on ecosystems: each organism is exposed to the synergistic effects of the entire suite of atmospheric variables acting upon it—an inherently multivariate environment—which is best captured using AMs. Utilizing a global‐scale AM classification system and a large network of tree‐ring chronologies, we investigate how variation in AM frequency impacts tree growth at over 900 locations. We find that AM frequencies are well‐correlated with tree growth, especially in the 12‐month period from July in the year prior to growth through June in the year of growth. The most impactful AMs are Dry‐Warm and Humid‐Cool AMs, which exhibit average correlations of ρ = −0.4 and ρ = +0.4 with tree growth, respectively, for certain tree species, with correlations at some sites exceeding ρ = ±0.8 in some seasons. Compared to empirical models based solely on temperature and precipitation, modeling using only AM frequencies proved superior at nearly 60% of the sites and for over 80% of the well‐sampled (n ≥ 10) species. These results should provide a foundation for using AMs to improve forecasts of tree growth, tree stress and wildfire potential. Long‐term reconstructions of AM frequencies back several centuries may also be feasible using tree‐ring data, which will help contextualize and temporally extend multivariate perspectives of climate change that utilize such air masses.
Ferroptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Zheng Yongxin , Huang Yongbo , Xu Yonghao , Sang Ling , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Yimin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation caused by various insults. Cell death is a critical mechanism in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death defined as iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Additionally, pyroptosis and necroptosis are also involved in the pathophysiological process of ARDS. The crosstalk among ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis is getting increasing attention. Therefore, this review will mainly summarize the molecular mechanisms and central pathophysiological role of ferroptosis in ARDS. We will also discuss our understanding of pyroptosis and necroptosis as they pertain to the pathogenesis of ARDS. Furthermore, we also describe the pathological processes that engage crosstalk among ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. We consider that individual pathways of ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis are highly interconnected and can compensate for one another to promote cell death.
Experimental study on the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced atrial fibrillation on renal water and sodium metabolism
Authors: Li Shuyu , Pei Heng , Huang Yaomeng , Liu Da , Yang Liqun , Zhang Qi , Wang Zhijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo construct an animal model of atrial fibrillation and observe the effect of acute atrial fibrillation on renal water and sodium metabolism in mice. A total of 20 C57 mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 10/group): control group (CON) and atrial fibrillation group (AF). The mice model of atrial fibrillation was induced by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) in combination with transesophageal atrial spacing. The urine of the two groups of mice was collected, and then we calculate the urine volume and urine sodium content. The expression of TGF-β and type III collagen in the atrial myocardium of the two groups was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. The levels of CRP and IL-6 in blood were observed by ELISA, and the NF-κB, TGF-β, collagen type III, AQP2, AQP3, AQP4, ENaC-β, ENaC-γ, SGK1 and NKCC proteins in the kidneys of the two groups of mice was observed by Western Blot. Compared with CON, the expression of TGF-β and type III collagen in the atrial myocardium of the mice in AF were increased, the levels of CRP and IL-6 in the blood in AF were increased, and the renal NF-κB, TGF-β, type III collagen AQP2, AQP3, ENaC-β, ENaC-γ, SGK1 and NKCC protein expression in AF were up-regulated. The level of urine volume and urine sodium content in AF were significantly reduced. In the acute attack of atrial fibrillation, the formation of renal inflammatory response and fibrosis is activated, and the renal water and sodium metabolism is hindered, which is related to the up-regulated of the expressions of renal NKCC, ENaC and AQPs.
Predicting wildfire ignition induced by dynamic conductor swaying under strong winds
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Bocchini Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring high wind events with dry weather conditions, electric power systems can be the cause of catastrophic wildfires. In particular, conductor-vegetation contact has been recognized as the major ignition cause of utility-related wildfires. There is a urgent need for accurate wildfire risk analysis in support of operational decision making, such as vegetation management or preventive power shutoffs. This work studies the ignition mechanism caused by transmission conductor swaying out to nearby vegetation and resulting in flashover. Specifically, the studied limit state is defined as the conductor encroaching into prescribed minimum vegetation clearance. The stochastic characteristics of the dynamic displacement response of a multi-span transmission line are derived through efficient spectral analysis in the frequency domain. The encroachment probability at a specified location is estimated by solving a classical first-excursion problem. These problems are often addressed using static-equivalent models. However, the results show that the contribution of random wind buffeting to the conductor dynamic displacement is appreciable under turbulent strong winds. Neglecting this random and dynamic component can lead to an erroneous estimation of the risk of ignition. The forecast duration of the strong wind event is an important parameter to determine the risk of ignition. In addition, the encroachment probability is found highly sensitive to vegetation clearance and wind intensity, which highlights the need of high resolution data for these quantities. The proposed methodology offers a potential avenue for accurate and efficient ignition probability prediction, which is an important step in wildfire risk analysis.
Image quality for visualization of cracks and fine endodontic structures using 10 CBCT devices with various scanning protocols and artefact conditions
Authors: Pinto Jáder Camilo , de Faria Vasconcelos Karla , Leite André Ferreira , Wanderley Victor Aquino , Pauwels Ruben , Oliveira Matheus L. , Jacobs Reinhilde , Tanomaru-Filho Mario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate CBCT exposure protocols and CBCT devices in terms of image quality for the detection of cracks and fine endodontic structures using 3 conditions of metallic artifacts. An anthropomorphic phantom containing teeth with cracks, isthmus, narrow canal, and apical delta was scanned using ten CBCT devices. A reference industrial CT image was used to detect and measure all structures. Three conditions were created: (1) metal-free, (2) ‘endo’ and (3) ‘implant’ with metallic objects placed next to the teeth of interest. For each condition, three protocols were selected: medium field of view (FOV) standard resolution, small FOV standard and high resolution. The results showed that only small FOV high-resolution metal-free images from two devices (A and H) were appropriate to visualize cracks. For fine structure identification, the best result was observed for small FOV high resolution. However, the visualization significantly worsened in the presence of metallic artefacts. The ability of CBCT images for visualizing cracks is restricted to certain CBCT devices. Once metallic artefacts are present, crack detection becomes unlikely. Overall, small FOV high-resolution protocols may allow detection of fine endodontic structures as long as there are no high-dense objects in the region of interest.
Multitask computation through dynamics in recurrent spiking neural networks
Authors: Pugavko Mechislav M. , Maslennikov Oleg V. , Nekorkin Vladimir I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, inspired by cognitive neuroscience experiments, we propose recurrent spiking neural networks trained to perform multiple target tasks. These models are designed by considering neurocognitive activity as computational processes through dynamics. Trained by input–output examples, these spiking neural networks are reverse engineered to find the dynamic mechanisms that are fundamental to their performance. We show that considering multitasking and spiking within one system provides insightful ideas on the principles of neural computation.
Temporal evolution and differential patterns of cellular reconstitution after therapy for childhood cancers
Authors: Hofmann Gina , Zierk Jakob , Sobik Bettina , Wotschofsky Zofia , Sembill Stephanie , Krumbholz Manuela , Metzler Markus , Karow Axel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cellular reconstitution after childhood cancer therapy is associated with the risk of infection and efficacy of revaccination. Many studies have described the reconstitution after stem cell transplantation (SCT). The recovery after cancer treatment in children who have not undergone SCT has mainly been investigated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), less for solid tumors. Here, we have examined the temporal evolution of total leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts as surrogate parameters for the post-therapeutic immune recovery in a cohort of n = 52 patients with ALL in comparison to n = 58 patients with Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and n = 22 patients with Ewing sarcoma (ES). Patients with ALL showed an efficient increase in blood counts reaching the age-adjusted lower limits of normal between 4 and 5 months after the end of maintenance therapy. The two groups of patients with HD and ES exhibited a comparably delayed recovery of total leukocytes due to a protracted post-therapeutic lymphopenia which was most pronounced in patients with HD after irradiation. Overall, we observed a clearly more efficient resurgence of total lymphocyte counts in patients aged below 12 years compared to patients aged 12 to 18 years. Our results underline that the kinetics of cellular reconstitution after therapy for HD and ES differ significantly from ALL and depend on treatment regimens and modalities as well as on patient age. This suggests a need for disease, treatment, and age specific recommendations concerning the duration of infection prophylaxis and the timing of revaccination.
Two‐layer hybrid control scheme for distribution network integrated with photovoltaic sources based self‐tuning H‐infinity and fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Alghassab Mohammed A. , Nour Ahmed M. M. , Hatata Ahmed Y. , Sedhom Bishoy E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVoltage violation is the main challenge in distribution networks (DN) with connected single‐phase distributed photovoltaic (PV) sources. The main concern of this paper is to suppress the overvoltage (OV), undervoltage, and voltage unbalance (VU) in DN to achieve the EN50160 standard. Two control levels are proposed; the first controller is an H‐infinity (H∞) controller for adjusting battery systems in distributed PV sources to alleviate VU. The second controller is a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for selecting the appropriate taps of the distribution transformer's on‐load tap changer (OLTC). Two challenges should be avoided; excessive batteries currents and extreme taps of OLTC. Therefore, the parameter of the H∞ controller is instantaneously adjusted by a FLC to determine the optimal batteries currents required. The OLTC controller operates in case of extremely either high OV or under‐voltage (UV) values. The simulation results verify the proposed control based on two power flow scenarios in DN. The first scenario represents power flow during the night when there are no PV generation powers with high loads consumption. On the contrary, the other scenario represents power flow during daylight in the presence of high PV powers with low loads’ power. The model of DN with controllers is implemented using MATLAB/script.The main contribution of this paper can be summarized as follows:1. Proposing a two‐layer control scheme to mitigate the over/under voltage and voltage imbalance and avoid excessive both batteries’ currents and OLTC tapping steps.2. Designing a self‐tuning H∞ controller using FLC for dynamic adjusting of the controller weighted parameters.3. Mitigating the voltage violations using the primary control level by optimizing the batteries’ currents.4. Performing a secondary control level based OLTC optimal tapping selection for voltage regulation in the extreme over and under voltage events.2
Lung Cancer Survival in Sri Lanka
Authors: Alagiyawanna Lanka , Wijesekera Sidath , Peiris Vimukthini , Rupasinghe Tiromi , Chathuranga Damitha , Balawardena Jayantha , Gunasekera Dehan , Jeyakumaran Nadarajah , Skandarajah Thurairajah , Joseph Nuradh 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Lung cancer is the second commonest cancer among males in Sri Lanka. Real-world survival data are scarce, and we conducted a retrospective survival analysis among patients treated for lung cancer.
Methods All patients with primary lung cancer treated at three selected units during 2015–2016 were included in the study. Data on clinicopathological and treatment delivered were extracted from clinic records. Overall survival was considered the primary end-point.
Results The study population comprised 349 patients. The median age was 61 years and majority of patients (74%) were males. Adenocarcinoma (56%) was the commonest histological subtype, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (26%), whereas 6% of patients had small cell lung cancer. Only 10% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated with curative intent, whereas 67% presented with systemic metastases. The median overall survival was 12 months in patients treated with curative intent and there was no significant difference between radical surgery and radiotherapy. The median overall survival was 3 months in those treated palliatively. On multivariate analysis, female gender and first-line treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors was associated with superior survival.
Conclusion More than 90% of lung cancer patients in Sri Lanka are treated with palliative intent. Further work is needed to identify patient and care pathway barriers to ensure diagnosis at an earlier stage.
A Questionnaire Survey of Current Practice in the Management of Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Rao Smitha S. , Nair Nita S. , Wadasadawala Tabassum , Mokal Smruti , Pathak Rima , Sarin Rajiv , Parmar Vani , Joshi Shalaka , Badwe Rajendra A. 
Published: March 2023

Background Radiotherapy (RT) is an important modality in the management of breast cancers (BC). Large randomized trials have suggested that prophylactic regional nodal irradiation inclusive of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLN) reduces BC-related mortality. However, the adoption of IMLN-RT has been variable due to relative benefits and toxicity concerns.
Methods A survey was emailed to radiation oncologists (ROs) across the country wherein they were asked about their practice regarding IMLN-RT in BC.
Results We received 128 responses, which included radiation oncologists across both private institutions (PIs) and government institutions (GIs). Fifty-six (43.8%) routinely offer prophylactic(p) IMLN-RT and an additional 15 (11.71%) suggested they would have offered it in the absence of logistic constraints. Almost all, 121 (94.5%) radiate the IMLN in case of radiologically positive lymph nodes (LNs).Fifty-six ROs (43.8%) offered prophylactic IMLN-RT in node-negative disease. Among those who did not offer IMLN-RT, most (84.72%) felt the clinical evidence was equivocal. Of the 56 who offered pIMLN-RT, 34/56 (60.71%) offered to locally advanced tumors, 20/56 (35.71%) offered to all inner and central tumors (ICQT), 29/56 (51.78%) to > 4 axillary LN-positive and 9/56 (16.07%) to any axillary LN-positive. The majority, i.e., 36/56 (64.28%) radiated upper three intercostal spaces, 9 (16.07%) radiated upper five intercostal spaces, and 6 (10.9%) decided based on tumor location, while 5 (9%) irradiated one space below the involved space.Overall, simulation-based planning was undertaken in 99% of PIs as opposed to 89% of GIs (p = 0.03). The majority of ROs, i.e., 92 (72.4%) preferred IMRT to IMLN-RT.In addition, the surgical approach to IMLN was practiced by surgeons at 18 (14%) centers, of which 13 (72.22%) operated the IMLN when radiologically evident. The IMLN dissection was preferentially performed for second and third intercostal spaces as suggested in 10 (55.55%) responses, while 8 (44.44%) performed thoracoscopic dissection of the IMLN chain. The distribution of prophylactic, definitive IMLN-RT, and IMLN dissection did not differ significantly between GI and PI (p = NS).
Conclusion pIMLN-RT is still not the standard protocol in most centers citing equivocal evidence in the literature. Logistics, though different in GIs and PIs, did not impact the decision of pIMLN-RT. Further efforts would be required to standardize practice in IMLN across India.
Intracranial Hypertension following Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: A Case Study on the Multiple Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Pipolo Derek O. , Guevara Sara , Vasiljevic Lana , Pietrantonio Andres E. Di , Brennan Walter , Asmus Humberto , McCann-Molmenti Alexia , Cho Young Min , Shinozaki Koichiro , Hayashida Kei , Okuma Yu , Shoaib Muhammad , Becker Lance B. , Decker Mary E. , Worku Hermoon A. , Majdak Petra , Donzelli Grace , Patel Akash , Davoud Sherwin , Vaca-Zorrilla Andres , Beutler Sascha S. , Molmenti Ernesto P. , Miyara Santiago J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this case study, we describe a 25-year-old male who was admitted due to a severe traumatic brain injury, requiring invasive intracranial pressure monitoring. At 48 hours posttrauma, he developed intracranial hypertension refractory to medical treatment without tomographic changes in the brain. Subsequently, intra-abdominal hypertension and tomographic signs of abdominal surgical pathology were observed. An exploratory laparotomy was performed with an intraoperative diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. After surgical intervention for the abdominal pathology, intracranial pressure was restored to physiological values with a favorable recovery of the patient. In this report, the relationship between intracranial pressure and intra-abdominal pressure is discussed, highlighting the delicate association between the brain, abdomen, and thorax. Measures should be taken to avoid increases in intra-abdominal pressure in neurocritical patients. When treating intracranial hypertension refractory to conventional measures, abdominal causes and multiple compartment syndrome must be considered. The cranial compartment has physiological interdependence with other body compartments, where one can be modified by variations from another, giving rise to the concept of multiple compartment syndrome. Understanding this relationship is fundamental for a comprehensive approach of the neurocritical patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a comatose patient post-traumatic brain injury, who developed medically unresponsive intracranial hypertension secondary to acute mesenteric ischemia, in which surgical resolution of intra-abdominal pathology resulted in intracranial pressure normalization and restitutio ad integrum of neurological status.
Surgical Site Infection in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Observations from A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rao Surlu Vidya , Simon Paul , Saldanha Elroy , Boloor Rekha , Jakribettu Ramakrishna Pai , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: March 2023

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients can significantly affect the outcome of the surgery. Appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis is needed for prevention of SSI.
Aim To study the causative agents causing SSI among the HNC patients and their drug resistance pattern.
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study. The antibiotic suspectibility pattern of the aerobic bacteria isolated from the wound infection in the patients underwent surgery for head and neck cancer, admitted from January 2015 to December 2016 were added in the study. The demographic details of patients, pathogens isolated, and their antimicrobial susceptibility were collected, entered into Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis was done as per percentage of isolates and drug resistance.
Results A total of 130 culture-positive pus samples were included in the study. The majority of the samples were from males (71.5%), one-third of the patients belonged to the sixth decade of their life. Buccal mucosa and tongue were the common cancer in the head and neck region. The common gram-negative pathogens were Klebsiella sp. and Acinetobacter sp. and Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp. among the gram-positive bacteria. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolation rate was noted to be as high as 64.28%. High levels of resistance to aminopenicillins, third generation cephalosporins, co-trimoxazole and fluoroquinolones among the gram-negative pathogens. Anti-MRSA drugs such as vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin resistance was not seen among S. aureus.
Conclusion The resistance pattern among the pathogens isolated from SSI in HNC patients is alarming. So, implementation of strict infection control practices to prevent SSI rather than treating them with high end antimicrobials is the best option.
Biological response of 3D-printed β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds with the hollow tube structure
Authors: Tian Yuchen , Ma Hongshi , Yu Xiaopeng , Feng Boshi , Yang Zhibo , Zhang Wei , Wu Chengtie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is a large clinical challenge to repair critical-size bone defects, and vascularization in the early stage is of vital importance in bone regeneration. In recent years, 3D-printed bioceramic is a kind of common bioactive scaffold for repairing bone defects. However, conventional 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds consist of stacked solid struts with low porosity, which limits the ability of angiogenesis and bone regeneration. The hollow tube structure can induce endothelial cells to build the vascular system. In this study, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds containing the hollow tube structure were prepared with digital light processing-based 3D printing strategy. The physicochemical properties and osteogenic activities of prepared scaffolds could be precisely controlled by adjusting the parameters of hollow tubes. Compared with solid bioceramic scaffolds, such scaffolds could significantly improve the proliferation and attachment activity of rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, and facilitate early angiogenesis and subsequent osteogenesis in vivo. Therefore, β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds with the hollow tube structure possess great potential application for the treatment of critical-size bone defects.