bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse Oximetry and Arterial Saturation Difference in Pediatric COVID-19 Patients: Retrospective Analysis by Race*
Authors: Savorgnan Fabio , Hassan Adel , Borges Nirica , Acosta Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
Pulse oximetry (Spo
2) may overestimate arterial oxygen saturation (Sao
2) in blood laboratory testing. This study aimed to assess Spo
2–Sao
2 difference in relation to race (i.e., patient self-reporting as Black or White), occult hypoxemia, and length of stay (LOS) in pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Design:
Single-center retrospective study in pediatric COVID-19 patients. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine the association between race and oximetry measurements and between occult hypoxemia and LOS. Oximetry bias was defined using Spo
2 and Sao
2 data according to approved comparisons. Occult hypoxemia was defined as Spo
2 greater than 92% and Sao
2 less than 88%.

Setting:
Quaternary pediatric hospital.

Patients:
Pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to Texas Children’s Hospital between May 2020 and December 2021.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
There were 2713 patients with complete physiological data in the analysis. Of the total, 61% were Black, and 39% were White. Oximetry bias was greater in Black compared with White patients (p < 0.001), and this bias increased as the oxygen saturations decreased (p < 0.001). Black and White patients had a 12% and 4% prevalence of occult hypoxemia, respectively (p < 0.001). LOS was not associated with oximetry bias or occult hypoxemia once controlled for the level of support (intensive care, respiratory, circulatory).

Conclusions:
We found an oximetry bias in the measurement of Spo
2 with respect to Sao
2 in symptomatic hospitalized pediatric patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19. Furthermore, race is related to an increased oximetry bias. However, we did not find a relationship between oximetry bias and the LOS in the hospital in this cohort of patients.
Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection for Treatment of Contralateral Ptosis Following Unilateral External Levator Advancement
Authors: Mangan Mehmet Serhat , Tekcan Hatice , Yurttaser Ocak Serap , Ozcelik Kose Alev , Balci Sevcan , Ercalik Nimet Yesim , Imamoglu Serhat 
Published: February 2023

Background:
One of the main causes of unsatisfactory outcomes after unilateral blepharoptosis surgery is asymmetry of the upper eyelid height, which occurs as a result of a contralateral eyelid droop. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) for the treatment of contralateral ptosis following unilateral external levator advancement (ELA).

Methods:
This study analyzed 26 eyelids of 26 patients with upper eyelid height asymmetry following unilateral ELA who underwent contralateral MMCR retrospectively. The phenylephrine test was performed before ELA and before MMCR. The main outcome measures were symmetry outcomes and clinical outcomes.

Results:
The mean patient age was 55.81 ± 7.98 years (range, 44–70 years); 15 were (57.7%) female. Hering’s dependency was observed in 13 (50%) of the patients before ELA. An adequate response to phenylephrine was observed before MMCR but not before ELA. Symmetry outcomes after MMCR were perfect (<0.5 mm), good (≥0.5 mm, <1 mm), and fair (≥1 mm) in 7, 17, and 2 patients, respectively. An optimal upper eyelid height was noted in 47 of the 52 eyelids after the MMCR, while three of the 52 eyelids had minimal overcorrection, and two eyelids had undercorrection. The mean change in MRD1 of the contralateral eyelid droop was greater for patients with than without Hering dependency (p < .0001) after ELA but not after MMCR. Two patients (7.6%) underwent revisional ELA surgery.

Conclusions:
MMCR and use of the phenylephrine test to predict the eyelid position may represent an alternative approach in patients who require management of contralateral ptosis following unilateral ELA.
Secondary Facial Gender Surgery: Causes of Poor Outcomes and Strategies for Avoidance and Correction
Authors: Simon Daniel , Capitán Luis , Coon Devin , Gutiérrez-Santamaría Javier , Bailón Carlos , Bellinga Raúl J. , Pérez de Perceval Tara Miguel , Tenório Thiago , Capitán-Cañadas Fermín 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARY:
Facial feminization surgery covers a broad spectrum of procedures across both hard and soft tissues. Despite the fact that this is a decidedly predictable surgery, because of the high demand for the procedures, a growing number of patients are requiring revision surgery, whether to correct unexpected results or to treat mid- to long-term functional and aesthetic complications. This Special Topic categorizes unsatisfactory outcomes encountered after forehead surgery, lower jaw surgery, and thyroid chondroplasty, key steps to avoid these pitfalls, and strategies for structured analysis and operative planning in revision cases.
Individual Heterogeneity in the Relations Between Sleep, Inflammation, and Somatic Symptoms
Authors: Jonker Iris , Visschedijk Sjoerd , Rosmalen Judith G.M. , Schenk Hendrika Maria , Van Ockenburg Sonja L. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
Poor sleep is associated with the experience of more somatic symptoms and a proinflammatory state, whereas a proinflammatory state may also result in the experience of more somatic symptoms. However, existing studies ignore individual differences in these associations. We aimed to study relations between sleep, inflammatory markers, and somatic symptoms at a within-individual level.

Methods
Time series of daily data on sleep, somatic symptoms, and inflammation markers in 10 healthy individuals (age, 19–58 years; three men) for 63 days were analyzed. Bidirectional lagged (t − 1) and contemporaneous (t) relations between sleep duration, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interferon-α, interleukin 1RA), and somatic symptoms were analyzed using 24-hour urine and diary data. Unified structural equation modeling was used to analyze the association between sleep duration, the three inflammatory markers, and the amount of somatic symptoms at the individual level.

Results
Associations were found between sleep and at least one of three inflammatory markers in four individuals, both positive (three associations) and negative (five associations) and contemporaneous (four associations) and lagged (four associations). Sleep was related to somatic symptoms in four individuals, both positive (n = 2) and negative (n = 2) and contemporaneous (n = 3) and lagged (n = 1). Inflammatory markers were associated with somatic symptoms in three individuals, both positive (three associations) and negative (one association) and contemporaneous (three associations) and lagged (one associations). Two individuals showed no associations between sleep, inflammatory markers, and somatic symptoms.

Conclusions
We observed a large variability in presence, strength, and direction of associations between sleep, inflammatory markers, and somatic symptoms.
Traumatic Events, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Central Sensitization in Chronic Pain Patients of a German University Outpatient Pain Clinic
Authors: Manuel Jorge , Rudolph Linda , Beissner Florian , Neubert Till-Ansgar , Dusch Martin , Karst Matthias 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic life events are often coupled to chronic pain, possibly linked by central sensitization. We wanted to assess the prevalence of traumatic events and PTSD in chronic pain patients of a German university hospital outpatient pain clinic. Moreover, we evaluated the extent of indicators and co-occurring traits of central sensitization in comorbid patients.

Methods
We retrospectively divided 914 chronic pain patients into four groups depending on their trauma severity: no trauma, accidental trauma, interpersonal trauma, and PTSD. We collected electronic pain drawings focusing on pain area and widespreadness, as well as information about pain intensity, sleep impairment, disability, stress, anxiety, depression, and somatization. Differences between groups were calculated using Kruskal-Wallis with post-hoc Mann-Whitney tests.

Results
Of 914 patients, 231 (25%) had no trauma, 210 (23%) had accidental traumas, 283 (31%) had interpersonal traumas, 99 (11%) had PTSD, and 91 (10%) could not be classified. We observed statistically significant differences between groups in pain area and widespreadness, as well as maximal pain, sleep impairment, disability, stress, anxiety, depression, and somatization. The severity of symptoms increased with trauma severity.

Conclusions
Traumatic life events and PTSD are frequent in chronic pain patients. The increased pain area and widespreadness, as well as the increased negative impact on co-occurring traits of sensory sensitivity (anxiety, depression, somatization), are compatible with central sensitization in comorbid patients. Therefore, a heightened awareness of the comorbidity between traumatic experiences and chronic pain is recommended.
Multiparametric MRI
Authors: Hagiwara Akifumi , Fujita Shohei , Kurokawa Ryo , Andica Christina , Kamagata Koji , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the recent advancements in rapid imaging methods, higher numbers of contrasts and quantitative parameters can be acquired in less and less time. Some acquisition models simultaneously obtain multiparametric images and quantitative maps to reduce scan times and avoid potential issues associated with the registration of different images. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to provide complementary information on a target lesion and thus overcome the limitations of individual techniques. In this review, we introduce methods to acquire multiparametric MRI data in a clinically feasible scan time with a particular focus on simultaneous acquisition techniques, and we discuss how multiparametric MRI data can be analyzed as a whole rather than each parameter separately. Such data analysis approaches include clinical scoring systems, machine learning, radiomics, and deep learning. Other techniques combine multiple images to create new quantitative maps associated with meaningful aspects of human biology. They include the magnetic resonance g-ratio, the inner to the outer diameter of a nerve fiber, and the aerobic glycolytic index, which captures the metabolic status of tumor tissues.
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kosoku Akihiro , Iwai Tomoaki , Masuda Hiroo , Kabei Kazuya , Nishide Shunji , Maeda Keiko , Yoshikawa Yuki , Nakamura Yasutaka , De Geest Sabina , Uchida Junji 
Published: February 2023

Background.
A valid and reliable instrument that can measure adherence is needed to identify nonadherent patients and to improve adherence. However, there is no validated Japanese self-report instrument to evaluate adherence to immunosuppressive medications for transplant patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS).

Methods.
We translated the BAASIS into Japanese and developed the Japanese version of the BAASIS (J-BAASIS) according to the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research task force guidelines. We analyzed the reliability (test–retest reliability and measurement error) and validity of the J-BAASIS (concurrent validity with the medication event monitoring system and the 12-item Medication Adherence Scale) referring to the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist.

Results.
A total of 106 kidney transplant recipients were included in this study. In the analysis of test–retest reliability, Cohen’s kappa coefficient was found to be 0.62. In the analysis of measurement error, the positive and negative agreement were 0.78 and 0.84, respectively. In the analysis of concurrent validity with the medication event monitoring system, sensitivity and specificity were 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. In the analysis of concurrent validity with the 12-item Medication Adherence Scale, the point-biserial correlation coefficient for the “medication compliance” subscale was 0.38 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
The J-BAASIS was determined to have good reliability and validity. Using the J-BAASIS to evaluate adherence can help clinicians to identify medication nonadherence and institute appropriate corrective measures to improve transplant outcomes.
PRODUCTION OF XYLANASE BY Aspergillus niger GIO AND Bacillus megaterium THROUGH SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION
Authors: Fasiku Samuel Adedayo , Bello Mobolaji Akeem , Odeniyi Olubusola Ayoola 
Published: February 2023

Xylanase breaks xylan down to xylose which is used in industries such as pulp and paper, food, and feed, among others. The utilization of wastes for xylanase production is economical, hence, this work aimed at producing xylanase through solid-state fermentation and characterizing the enzyme. Xylanase-producing strains of Bacillus megaterium and Aspergillus niger GIO were inoculated separately in a 5 and 10 days solid fermentation study on maize straw, rice straw, sawdust, corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, conifer liters, alkaline-pretreated maize straw (APM), and combined-alkaline and biological-pretreated maize straw, respectively. The best substrate was selected for xylanase production. The crude enzyme was extracted from the fermentation medium and xylanase activity was characterized using parameters such as temperature, cations, pH, and surfactants. Among different substrates, the highest xylanase activity of 3.18 U/mL was recorded when Aspergillus niger GIO was grown on APM. The xylanase produced by Aspergillus niger GIO and Bacillus megaterium had their highest activities (3.67 U/mL, 3.36 U/mL) at 40 °C after 30 and 45 minutes of incubation, respectively. Optimum xylanase activities (4.58 and 3.58 U/mL) of Aspergillus niger GIO and Bacillus megaterium, respectively were observed at pH 5.0 and 6.2. All cations used enhanced xylanase activities except magnesium ion. Sodium dodecyl sulfate supported the highest xylanase activity of 6.13 and 6.90 U/mL for Aspergillus niger GIO and Bacillus megaterium, respectively. High yields of xylanase were obtained from Aspergillus niger GIO and Bacillus megaterium cultivated on alkaline pretreated maize straw. The xylanase activities were affected by pH, temperature, surfactants, and cations.
Cohort Profile: Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance (ZEBRA) Maternity Cohort
Authors: Sun Haitong Zhe , Tang Haiyang , Xiang Qingyi , Xu Siyuan , Fang Jing , Dai Haizhen , Shi Rui , Pan Yuxia , Luo Ting , Jin Hangbiao , Ji Chenyang , Chen Yuanchen , Liu Hengyi , Zhao Meirong , Tang Kung , Guo Yuming , Xu Wei , Bai Xiaoxia ,   the Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance (ZEBRA) collaborative group
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance (ZEBRA) established a maternity cohort to investigate the relationship between perinatal abnormalities and various risk factors among the Chinese maternal population. The primary aim of ZEBRA is to explore the feasibility of early-stage risk prediction and the forecast of adverse perinatal symptoms and gestational outcomes. The cohort is ambidirectional, with a retrospective arm tracking 6,275 pregnant females enrolled between 2013 and 2016, and a prospective arm recruiting 112,414 participants since the baseline year of 2017. The current ZEBRA maternity cohort database comprises a diverse range of sociodemographic features, physiological characteristics, medical history, therapeutic interventions, and measurements of environmental exposures. Going forward, the cohort will continue to enrol a wider range of participants and collect an even more extensive array of features. ZEBRA is seeking collaborations with both national and international multi-cohort studies to contribute to the field of epidemiology, and provide valuable evidence-based insights for global maternal and child healthcare.
Real-time forecasting of COVID-19-related hospital strain in France using a non-Markovian mechanistic model
Authors: Massey Alexander , Boennec Corentin , Restrepo-Ortiz Claudia Ximena , Blanchet Christophe , Alizon Samuel , Sofonea Mircea T. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundProjects such as the European Covid-19 Forecast Hub publish forecasts on the national level for new deaths, new cases, and hospital admissions, but not direct measurements of hospital strain like critical care bed occupancy at the sub-national level, which is of particular interest to health professionals for planning purposes.MethodsWe present a sub-national French framework for forecasting hospital strain based on a non-Markovian compartmental model, its associated online visualisation tool and a retrospective evaluation of the real-time forecasts it provided from January to December 2021 by comparing to three standard statistical forecasting methods (auto-regression, exponential smoothing, and ARIMA).ResultsFor anticipating risk of critical care unit overload, our model performed worse than pure statistical methods at the one- and two-week horizons, but had better point forecasts at the four-week horizon for 8 of the 13 regions considered. Our model also suffered from over-confidence with respect to its prediction intervals.ConclusionsOnline visualisation tools and consideration of how metrics can be affected by distortion from non-pharmaceutical government interventions are essential in the assessment of forecasting models for hospital strain.What is already known on this topicThe US and European Covid-19 Forecast Hubs do not provide more direct measurements of hospital strain like critical care bed occupancy at the sub-national level, which was essential for the provisioning of healthcare resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.In France, statistical modelling approaches have been proposed to anticipate hospital stain at the sub-national level but are limited by a two-week forecast horizon.What this study addsWe present a sub-national French modelling framework and online application for anticipating hospital strain at the four-week horizon that can account for abrupt changes in key epidemiological parameters.It was the only publicly available real-time non-Markovian mechanistic model for the French epidemic when implemented in January 2021 and, to our knowledge, it still was at the time it stopped in early 2022.How this study might affect research, practice or policyFurther adaptations of this surveillance system can serve as an anticipation tool for hospital strain across sub-national localities to aid in the prevention of short-noticed ward closures and patient transfers.
Increased Hippocampal Blood Flow in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis and Effects of Cannabidiol
Authors: Davies Cathy , Bossong Matthijs G , Martins Daniel , Wilson Robin , Appiah-Kusi Elizabeth , Blest-Hopley Grace , Zelaya Fernando , Allen Paul , Brammer Michael , Perez Jesus , McGuire Philip , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundHippocampal hyperperfusion has been observed in people at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR), is associated with adverse longitudinal outcomes and represents a potential treatment target for novel pharmacotherapies. Whether cannabidiol (CBD) has ameliorative effects on hippocampal blood flow (rCBF) in CHR patients remains unknown.MethodsUsing a double-blind, parallel-group design, 33 CHR patients were randomised to a single oral 600mg dose of CBD or placebo. Nineteen healthy controls were studied under identical conditions but did not receive any drug. Hippocampal rCBF was measured using Arterial Spin Labelling. We examined differences relating to CHR status (controls vs placebo), effects of CBD in CHR (placebo vs CBD) and linear between-group relationships, such that placebo>CBD>controls or controls>CBD>placebo, using a combination of hypothesis-driven and exploratory wholebrain analyses.ResultsPlacebo-treated patients had significantly higher hippocampal rCBF bilaterally (all pFWE<.01) compared to controls. There were no suprathreshold effects in the CBD vs placebo contrast. However, we found a significant linear relationship in the right hippocampus (pFWE=.035) such that rCBF was highest in the placebo group, lowest in controls and intermediate in the CBD group. Exploratory wholebrain results replicated previous findings of hyperperfusion in the hippocampus, striatum and midbrain in CHR patients, and provided novel evidence of increased rCBF in inferior-temporal and lateral-occipital regions in patients under CBD compared to placebo.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that hippocampal blood flow is elevated in the CHR state and may be partially normalised by a single dose of CBD. CBD therefore merits further investigation as a potential novel treatment for this population.
Antimicrobial Resistance pattern in Gram-Negative Uropathogens in Duhok City, Northern Iraq
Authors: Yasen Razvan Luqman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most dangerous global threats since antimicrobial discovery. The world health organization(WHO) has implemented a program called GLASS to mitigate resistance across the globe. Urinary tract infection(UTI) are the second most common infections and are the most common reason for prescription of antimicrobials, the rise in AMR has caused concerns of UTI Overuse and misuse of prescriptions and decrease of treatment options hence many researches conducted across the globe are on uropathogens resistance rate and trend. This retrospective study was conducted in duhok province of KRI to measure antimicrobial resistance percentages and identify the most common uropathogens.309 urine samples were collected in a time span of 12 months. Urine samples were collected by clean catch midstream and inoculated on blood and MacConkey agars, Antibiotic sensitivity test (AST) was performed to identify Gram negative uropathogen and its sensitivity pattern.We found out most common Gram negative uropathogen in females were E.coli and Klebsiella pneumonia while in males it was E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and common Klebsiella pneumonia. E.coli was most resistance to amoxicillin/amp(64.2%) and it was least resistant to carbapenems(6.1%). Klebsiella pneumonia had similar resistant pattern to E.coli. pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly resistant to all antimicrobials, third gen cephalosporins were the highest 95.7%.AMR has risen to concerning levels in duhok and if not controlled would result in simple infections causing death in future we recommend guidelines for control of Overuse, misuse and ease of availability of antimicrobials as a measure to decrease AMR. Continues monitoring should be performed on AMR development in the future.