bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KATP channels are regulators of programmed cell death and targets for the creation of novel drugs against ischemia/reperfusion cardiac injury
Authors: Maslov Leonid N. , Popov Sergey V. , Naryzhnaya Natalia V. , Mukhomedzyanov Alexandr V. , Kurbatov Boris K. , Derkachev Ivan A. , Boshchenko Alla A. , Prasad N. Rajendra , Ma Huijie , Zhang Yi , Sufianova Galina Z. , Fu Feng , Pei Jian‐Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a mortality rate of 5%–7%. It is clear that there is an urgent need to develop new drugs that can effectively prevent cardiac reperfusion injury. ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channel openers (KCOs) can be classified as such drugs.ResultsKCOs prevent irreversible ischemia and reperfusion injury of the heart. KATP channel opening promotes inhibition of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and stimulation of autophagy. KCOs prevent the development of cardiac adverse remodeling and improve cardiac contractility in reperfusion. KCOs exhibit antiarrhythmic properties and prevent the appearance of the no‐reflow phenomenon in animals with coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Diabetes mellitus and a cholesterol‐enriched diet abolish the cardioprotective effect of KCOs. Nicorandil, a KCO, attenuates major adverse cardiovascular event and the no‐reflow phenomenon, reduces infarct size, and decreases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction.ConclusionThe cardioprotective effect of KCOs is mediated by the opening of mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) and sarcolemmal KATP (sarcKATP) channels, triggered free radicals' production, and kinase activation.
Effects of loading frequency on fatigue behavior of metallic materials—A literature review
Authors: Hong Youshi , Hu Yuanpei , Zhao Aiguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe topic of loading frequency effect on fatigue behavior is in close relation to high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) and very‐HCF (VHCF) research. The conventional loading frequency in fatigue tests is normally between 10 and 100 Hz. In order to accelerate testing process, researchers have developed ultrasonic vibration device with a very high frequency, for example, 20 kHz, to perform VHCF tests. Thus, a question has always been asked: Does loading frequency affect the fatigue behavior of tested material? It is obvious that the answer is yes because the remarkable difference in strain rate with respect to different loading frequencies may cause the change of fatigue mechanism and the related fatigue performance. The subsequent question is how is the effect of loading frequency on fatigue behavior? This paper attempts to address such questions by two cases of experimental investigations. Moreover, typical results in literature are quoted for the further discussion of this issue.
Fabrication of protein crocin nanocomplex and its addition in proso millet flour for development of functional snacks with anti‐diabetic, anti‐hypertensive and antioxidant properties
Authors: Jhan Faiza , Noor Nairah , Gani Adil , Ashraf Zanoor ul , Shah Asima 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe current study was undertaken to develop novel gluten‐free functional snacks using proso millet flour with the addition of nano‐encapsulated crocin in sorghum (SPCS), pearl millet (PPCS) and foxtail millet (FPCS) protein nanoparticles. The crocin content was well retained (58.08%–77.67%) in the developed snacks. Characteristic properties like nutraceutical potential, rheological, sensory and physical attributes were evaluated. The extruded snacks showed good antioxidant (DNA damage inhibition assay), anti‐diabetic (alpha amylase inhibition assay) and anti‐hypertensive (angiotensin converting enzyme assay) properties. The developed snacks (P > 0.05) showed higher elastic behaviour (G′) compared to viscous behaviour (G″). Hardness value for functional snacks were found to be in the range of 407–115 N. The control snacks showed significantly higher expansion ratio (348.76%) compared to functional snacks. The developed novel functional snacks appeared darker than control snacks as evaluated by colorimetric assay. The overall acceptability of the snacks was found to be equal on a 9‐point hedonic scale.
Current status of global rice water use efficiency and water‐saving irrigation technology recommendations
Authors: Haonan Qiu , Jie Wang , Shihong Yang , Zewei Jiang , Yi Xu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRice has a high water requirement, but water use efficiency (WUE) in rice has always been low, and the status of rice WUE and the factors influencing it in various countries around the world is currently unclear. Therefore, this paper collected 56 articles from 2000 to 2022, through which WUE data from different countries and different provinces in China were collated, and the effects of various water‐saving irrigation technologies on WUE of rice and irrigation water use were analysed using the method of Meta‐analysis. The results of this paper show that rice WUE is low in most countries, with the lowest WUE of 0.28 kg/m3 in Thailand and the highest WUE of 1.25 kg/m3 in Bangladesh among the countries included in this study, and flood irrigation is used in most countries. Compared to flood irrigation, all water‐saving irrigation involved can increase rice WUE and reduce irrigation water input, alternate wet and dry irrigation (W1), and controlled irrigation (W2) were able to increase the WUE of rice by 49.86%, 84.74%, and reduce the irrigation water input by 36.55%, 39.55% respectively. Among the six types of water‐saving irrigation input, dry cultivation (W3) had the most significant effect on increasing WUE and reducing irrigation water, reaching 2.02 times and 67.53%, respectively. Based on the annual rainfall (R) and the application of water‐saving irrigation in Asia, sub‐regionally applicable water‐saving irrigation technologies are recommended. W3 is recommended when R <200 mm, W2 is recommended when 200 mm < R < 800 mm, and W1/W2/shallow alternate wet and dry irrigation (W5) is recommended when R >800 mm. According to the data collected in this paper, W1, W2, W3, and W5 can save 3.40 × 1011 m3, 3.78 × 1011 m3, 2.52 × 108 m3, 2.22 × 1011 m3 of irrigation water, respectively. Based on the calculations in this paper, different water‐saving irrigation techniques can save 3.50 × 1011 m3 of water in Asia according to the recommendations. To promote water‐saving irrigation technology, countries need to formulate policies to ensure the development of water‐saving irrigation technology, raise farmers' awareness of water conservation, and provide training and financial support. Promoting the use of different water‐saving irrigation technologies for different regions can significantly reduce irrigation water and increase the WUE of rice, which is important in addressing the challenges of global water scarcity.
Etch‐and‐rinse versus self‐etch strategy of a universal adhesive in different application methods at the bonding interface of fiber post cementation
Authors: Barros Antonia Patricia Oliveira , de Melo Alencar Cristiane , Zambon Matheus , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Fernández Eduardo , Kuga Milton Carlos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of etch‐and‐rinse (ER) versus self‐etch (SE) strategies of a universal adhesive applied with a manual brush (MB) or rotary brush (RB) on the bonding interface of fiber post cementation.MethodsForty bovine incisor roots were prepared and divided into four groups according to the methods of application and strategy of universal adhesive use (MB‐ER, RB‐ER, MB‐SE and RB‐SE). After 6 months, specimens from different thirds of the post space were evaluated of push‐out strength, analysis of adhesive failure patterns, and extent of tags.ResultsThe RB‐ER and RB‐SE groups showed the highest bond strength values in the cervical and middle thirds of the post space. Cohesive adhesive failure had the highest incidence in the different thirds of the post space in the ER strategy, regardless of the adhesive application method. The RB‐ER group showed the highest tag extensions.ConclusionsThe protocols of universal adhesive application with RB provided the greater bond strength, but only the ER strategy favored the formation of a greater extension of tags at the adhesive interface.Clinical SignificanceThe application of universal adhesive with RB into the post space increases the strength of the post‐cemented fiber bond.
Nursing home infection control strategies during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Festa Natalia , Katz‐Christy Nina , Weiss Max , Lisk Rebecca , Normand Sharon‐Lise , Grabowski David C. , Newhouse Joseph P. , Hsu John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 awarded $500 million toward scaling “strike teams” to mitigate the impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) within nursing homes. The Massachusetts Nursing Facility Accountability and Support Package (NFASP) piloted one such model during the first weeks of the pandemic, providing nursing homes financial, administrative, and educational support. For a subset of nursing homes deemed high‐risk, the state offered supplemental, in‐person technical infection control support.MethodsUsing state death certificate data and federal nursing home occupancy data, we examined longitudinal all‐cause mortality per 100,000 residents and changes in occupancy across NFASP participants and subgroups that varied in their receipt of the supplemental intervention.ResultsNursing home mortality peaked in the weeks preceding the NFASP, with a steeper increase among those receiving the supplemental intervention. There were contemporaneous declines in weekly occupancy. The potential for temporal confounding and differential selection across NFASP subgroups precluded estimation of causal effects of the intervention on mortality.ConclusionsWe offer policy and design suggestions for future strike team iterations that could inform the allocation of state and federal funding. We recommend expanded data collection infrastructure and, ideally, randomized assignment to intervention subgroups to support causal inference as strike team models are scaled under the direction of state and federal agencies.
Contemporary agrarian, rural and rural–urban movements and alliances
Authors: Borras Saturnino M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHenry Bernstein has criticized the research agenda of the Emancipatory Rural Politics Initiative (ERPI), and the publications linked to it, for, among other things, not having specified which classes are supposed to comprise the proposed emancipatory rural politics. The Journal of Agrarian Change organized a special issue (published in January 2023) that takes Bernstein's critique as its point of departure. It emphasized the importance of movements of the working class that straddle the rural–urban corridor. I agree, but this should not be done by de‐valuing the agrarian and the rural. The key challenge is in building agrarian, rural and rural–urban anti‐capitalist movements and alliances within and between these spheres. This calls for more—not less—attention to agrarian movements seen from the inseparable domains of the agrarian, rural and rural–urban continuum in terms of academic research and political action. A starting point, and implication, of this broader unit of analysis and political intervention is an argument against a ‘too agrarian‐centric’, or ‘merely agrarian’, mass movement‐building and political mobilization to counter regressive populism and struggle against capitalism.
Creating a public service topology: Mapping public service motivation, public service ethos, and public service values
Authors: Witesman Eva M. , Walters Lawrence , Christensen Robert K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPublic service motivation (PSM), public service values (PSV), and public service ethos (PSE), we argue, constitute theoretically complementary dimensions of public service psychology. Using multi‐dimensional scaling (MDS), we also empirically map the three constructs to identify their interrelationships as constituent parts of a public service topology. Using a survey of public and private employees, we determined which of the PSM, PSV, and PSE instruments most strongly correlate with (1) sector of employment, (2) preferences in public service decision vignettes, and (3) prosocial citizenship behavior. We find PSM, PSV, and PSE to be distinctly complementary, rather than competing psychological phenomena. Incorporating—theoretically and empirically—the three approaches into one topology suggests dimensions of an integrated public service psychology comprising two axes that vary on an advocacy–neutrality scale and a self‐focused–other‐focused scale. With this topographical orientation, public administration scholars can better select the appropriate instrument(s), whether PSM, PSV, or PSE, for the public service situation/question.
Leaf cell wall properties and stomatal density influence oxygen isotope enrichment of leaf water
Authors: Ellsworth Patrick Z. , Ellsworth Patrícia V. , Mertz Rachel A. , Koteyeva Nuria K. , Cousins Asaph B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMeasurements of oxygen isotope enrichment of leaf water above source water (Δ18OLW) can improve our understanding of the interaction between leaf anatomy and physiology on leaf water transport. Models have been developed to predict Δ18OLW such as the string‐of‐lakes model, which describes the mixing of leaf water pools, and the Péclet effect model, which incorporates transpiration rate and the mixing length between unenriched xylem and enriched mesophyll water in the mesophyll (Lm) or veins (Lv). Here we compare measurements and models of Δ18OLW on two cell wall composition mutants grown under two light intensities and relative humidities to evaluate cell wall properties on leaf water transport. In maize (Zea mays), the compromised ultrastructure of the suberin lamellae in the bundle sheath of the ALIPHATIC SUBERIN FERULOYL TRANSFERASE mutant (Zmasft) reduced barriers to apoplastic water movement, resulting in higher E and, potentially, Lv and, consequently, lower Δ18OLW. The difference in Δ18OLW in cellulose synthase‐like F6 (CslF6) mutants and wild‐type of rice (Oryza sativa) grown under two light intensities co‐varied with stomatal density. These results show that cell wall composition and stomatal density influence Δ18OLW and that stable isotopes can facilitate the development of a physiologically and anatomically explicit water transport model.
Differences between tree stem CO2 efflux and O2 influx rates cannot be explained by internal CO2 transport or storage in large beech trees
Authors: Helm Juliane , Salomón Roberto L. , Hilman Boaz , Muhr Jan , Knohl Alexander , Steppe Kathy , Gibon Yves , Cassan Cédric , Hartmann Henrik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTree stem respiration (RS) is a substantial component of the forest carbon balance. The mass balance approach uses stem CO2 efflux and internal xylem fluxes to sum up RS, while the oxygen‐based method assumes O2 influx as a proxy of RS. So far, both approaches have yielded inconsistent results regarding the fate of respired CO2 in tree stems, a major challenge for quantifying forest carbon dynamics. We collected a data set of CO2 efflux, O2 influx, xylem CO2 concentration, sap flow, sap pH, stem temperature, nonstructural carbohydrates concentration and potential phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) capacity on mature beech trees to identify the sources of differences between approaches. The ratio of CO2 efflux to O2 influx was consistently below unity (0.7) along a 3‐m vertical gradient, but internal fluxes did not bridge the gap between influx and efflux, nor did we find evidence for changes in respiratory substrate use. PEPC capacity was comparable with that previously reported in green current‐year twigs. Although we could not reconcile differences between approaches, results shed light on the uncertain fate of CO2 respired by parenchyma cells across the sapwood. Unexpected high values of PEPC capacity highlight its potential relevance as a mechanism of local CO2 removal, which merits further research.
Fertility‐based employment discrimination and family policy: Evidence from a field experiment
Authors: Wang Peijie , Chen Jing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious studies show that the labour market discriminates against working mothers in the workplace. However, the childfree women have received scant attention and little is known about the discrimination based on potential and actual fertility status. Given the state interventions to help women balance work and family in the form of family policy in many countries, it is important to address how it affects fertility discrimination behaviour in the workplace. This study conducts a correspondence test at an online recruitment platform in China. When it comes to employment, women are more likely than men to be affected by their fertility status. The findings of our experiment reveal that the disclosure of fertility status for childfree women in resumes significantly reduces their likelihood of receiving callbacks from real employers, as compared to resumes of women with children, by ~26.7%. Generous maternity leave policies may encourage discrimination towards childfree women who are of fertile age in non‐mother‐friendly occupation. The employment discrimination affects women who have the potential to become mothers.
Rules, practices, and assessment of linguistic behaviour
Authors: Kaluziński Bartosz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I focus on the idea that language is a rule‐constituted and rule‐governed practice. This notion has been criticised recently. It has been claimed that, even if linguistic meaning is determined by rules, these rules are not genuinely normative because they do not govern actions within the practice by themselves. It has been emphasised that one needs to consent (e.g., has relevant intention or desire) to be a part of that practice. First, I distinguish between two issues: (1) How do rules come to life? (and the answer to that question is by enactment or communal acceptance), and (2) does being assessed by the standards set by the rules require some form of consent for one's actions to be evaluated by these standards? Then, I demonstrate how, by introducing the notion of “default normativity”, one can defend the idea that there are normative practices that are constituted and governed by rules and that language is one of them.
Thermal Hydraulic Performance of a Turbulent Wall Jet Flowing Over a Wavy Wall
Authors: Kumari Archana , Kumar Amitesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The thermal and fluid flow characteristics of a two-dimensional turbulent wall jet have been studied numerically for the partial wavy wall. The partial wall is created by giving a segment of wall a wavy pattern from the leading edge followed by the plane wall; the wavy wall segment varies from 10% to 100% of the wall. The amplitude of wavy surface has also been varied from 0.2a to 0.8a with the interval of 0.2a, where “a” is the nozzle height. The results of the present problem have been compared with the results of a fully plane wall jet. The Reynolds number at the nozzle exit is constant, i.e., 15000 for all the cases to achieve fully turbulent jet. To solve this problem, low Reynolds number RNG model has been used. The results obtained from the present study show that the heat transfer rate remains almost the same for 10% to 100% wavy wall for 0.2a amplitude. In the case of amplitude 0.8a, the heat transfer rate is maximum for 30% wavy wall case; the heat transfer rate reduces further for higher wavy wall %. There is a 26.27% increment in heat transfer for the 30% wavy wall with 0.8a amplitude relative to the fully plane wall jet. The maximum increment in the thermal hydraulic performance (THP) of 5.3% is achieved for 70% wavy wall portion for 0.8a amplitude and it remains the same for further increase in the % of wavy wall. It must be noted here that earlier a 19.08% increase in average heat transfer is achieved for the wavy wall with an amplitude of 0.7 in the previous study. However, in this paper, an increase of 26.27% is noticed with the new design of wavy wall. This study will help in designing a highly efficient cooling or heating system in the engineering application by modifying just only the leading surface of the wall.
Supplemental Material: Two episodes of late Mesoproterozoic magmatism in the southwestern Yangtze Block, China, and their association with Grenville-aged orogenic cycles
Authors: Wang Yan-Jun , zhu wei-guang , al. et 
Published: May 2023

<p> Figure S1: Representative field photos and microscopic photographs of mafic rocks in this study. Figure S2: Plot of whole-rock εNd(<em>t</em>) versus age (Ga) for the Boka dolerites, Lanniping gabbros, and Tong’an dikes. Figure S3: Covariations of the high field strength elements (e.g., TiO2, Th, Nb, Nd, Eu, Yb), compatible element (e.g., Ni), and large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Ba and Sr) relative to Zr contents for the Boka dolerites, Lanniping gabbros, and Tong’an dikes. Figure S4: Covariations of SiO2, TiO2, Fe2O3T, CaO, Al2O3, CaO/Al2O3, P2O5, Ni, and Cr relative to MgO contents for the Boka dolerites, Lanniping gabbros, and Tong’an dikes. Figure S5: Th/Nb versus TiO2/Yb plot for the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks in the southwestern Yangtze Block. Table S1: Cameca secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon and baddeleyite U-Pb isotopic analyses for the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks from the Huili-Dongchuan area, southwestern Yangtze Block. Table S2: Major-element (wt%) and trace-element (ppm) data of the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks from the southwestern Yangtze Block. Table S3: Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks from the southwestern Yangtze Block. </p>
Food insecurity, SNAP participation and glycemic control in low-income adults with predominantly type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis using NHANES 2007–2018 data
Authors: Alawode Oluwatobi , Humble Sarah , Herrick Cynthia J 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionDiabetes, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, affects 13% of US adults, 95% of whom have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Social determinants of health (SDoH), such as food insecurity, are integral to glycemic control. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) aims to reduce food insecurity, but it is not clear how this affects glycemic control in T2D. This study investigated the associations between food insecurity and other SDoH and glycemic control and the role of SNAP participation in a national socioeconomically disadvantaged sample.Research design and methodsAdults with likely T2D and income<185% of the federal poverty level (FPL) were identified using cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2007–2018). Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between food insecurity, SNAP participation and glycemic control (defined by HbA1c7.0%–8.5% depending on age and comorbidities). Covariates included demographic factors, clinical comorbidities, diabetes management strategies, and healthcare access and utilization.ResultsThe study population included 2084 individuals (90%>40 years of age, 55% female, 18% non-Hispanic black, 25% Hispanic, 41% SNAP participants, 36% low or very low food security). Food insecurity was not associated with glycemic control in the adjusted model (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.181 (0.877–1.589)), and SNAP participation did not modify the effect of food insecurity on glycemic control. Insulin use, lack of health insurance, and Hispanic or another race and ethnicity were among the strongest associations with poor glycemic control in the adjusted model.ConclusionsFor low-income individuals with T2D in the USA, health insurance may be among the most critical predictors of glycemic control. Additionally, SDoH associated with race and ethnicity plays an important role. SNAP participation may not affect glycemic control because of inadequate benefit amounts or lack of incentives for healthy purchases. These findings have implications for community engaged interventions and healthcare and food policy.