bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota and risk of five common cancers: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wei Zixin , Yang Biying , Tang Tiantian , Xiao Zijing , Ye Fengzhan , Li Xiaoyu , Wu Shangbin , Huang Jin‐gang , Jiang Shanping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have linked gut microbiota with cancer etiology, but the associations for specific gut microbiota are causal or owing to bias remain to be elucidated.MethodsWe performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal effect of gut microbiota on cancer risk. Five common cancers, including breast, endometrial, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancer as well as their subtypes (sample sizes ranging from 27,209 to 228,951) were included as the outcomes. Genetic information for gut microbiota was obtained from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) comprising 18,340 participants. In univariable MR (UVMR) analysis, the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was conducted as the primary method, with the robust adjusted profile scores, weighted median, and MR Egger used as supplementary methods for causal inference. Sensitivity analyses including the Cochran Q test, Egger intercept test, and leave‐one‐out analysis were performed to verify the robustness of the MR results. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was performed to evaluate the direct causal effects of gut microbiota on the risk of cancers.ResultsUVMR detected a higher abundance of genus Sellimonas predicted a higher risk of estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.05–1.14, p = 2.01 × 10−5), and a higher abundance of class Alphaproteobacteria was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75–0.93, p = 1.11 × 10−3). Sensitivity analysis found little evidence of bias in the current study. MVMR further confirmed that genus Sellimonas exerted a direct effect on breast cancer, while the effect of class Alphaproteobacteria on prostate cancer was driven by the common risk factors of prostate cancer.ConclusionOur study implies the involvement of gut microbiota in cancer development, which provides a novel potential target for cancer screening and prevention, and might have an implication for future functional analysis.
Significant Control on Zero‐Field Quantum Tunneling of Magnetization in Dysprosium Based Single‐Molecule Magnets via Orientation of the Anilato Ligand
Authors: Kumar Sahu Pradip , Mondal Arpan , Konar Sanjit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTuning the bridging fashion of anilato ligand in dinuclear DyIII complexes, reveals a sizable effect on the slow relaxation of magnetization. Combined experimental and theoretical studies divulge that the geometry with high order axial symmetry (pseudo square antiprism) reduces the transverse crystal fields corresponding to QTM (quantum tunneling of magnetization) resulting in a significant increase in energy barrier (Ueff=518 cm−1) through the Orbach relaxation process whereas the geometry with lower symmetry (triangular dodecahedron, pseudo D2d) enhances the transverse crystal fields that accelerate the ground state QTM process. Notably, the value 518 cm−1 represents the highest energy barrier among anilato ligand based SMMs.
Atroposelective Synthesis of Heterobiaryls through Ring Formation
Authors: Sun Huai‐Ri , Sharif Atif , Chen Jie , Zhou Ling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtropisomeric heterobiaryls play a vital role in natural products, chiral ligands, organocatalysts, and other research fields, which have aroused great interest from chemists in recent years. Until now, a growing number of optically active heterobiaryls based on indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyridine, pyrrole, azole, and benzofuran skeletons have been successfully synthesized through metal or organic catalytic cross‐coupling, functionalization of prochiral or racemic heterobiaryls, and ring formation. Among different strategies for the atroposelective synthesis of heterobiaryls, the strategy of ring formation has become a vital tool toward this goal. In this review, we summarize the enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral heterobiaryls through ring formation approaches, such as cycloaddition, cyclization, and chirality conversion. Meanwhile, the reaction mechanism and the corresponding applications of the chiral heterobiaryls are also discussed.
C−H Functionalization of Heterocycles with Triplet Carbenes by means of an Unexpected 1,2‐Alkyl Radical Migration**
Authors: Empel Claire , Jana Sripati , Ciszewski Łukasz W. , Zawada Katarzyna , Pei Chao , Gryko Dorota , Koenigs Rene M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe C−H functionalization of indole heterocycles constitutes a key strategy to leverage the synthesis of endogenous signaling molecules such as tryptamine or tryptophol. Herein, we report on the photocatalytic reaction of ethyl diazoacetate with indole, which shows an unusual solvent dependency. While C2‐functionalization occurs under protic conditions, the use of aprotic solvents leads to a complete reversal of selectivity and exclusive C3‐functionalization occurs. To rationalize for this unexpected reactivity switch, we have conducted detailed theoretical and experimental studies, which suggest the participation of a triplet carbene intermediate that undergoes initial C2‐functionalization. A distinct cationic [1,2]‐alkyl radical migration then leads to formation of C3‐functionalized indole. We conclude with the application of this photocatalytic reaction to access oxidized tryptophol derivatives including gram‐scale synthesis and derivatization reactions.
Metal Complex Molecular Junctions as Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Tanaka Yuya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle‐molecule junctions and self‐assembled monolayer junctions are attractive architectures for thermoelectric devices. However, given the poor thermoelectric performance of organic molecules investigated so far, molecules characterized by high conductance and Seebeck coefficient values are desired to be explored. Metal complexes are promising possible active components of high‐performance thermoelectric devices given that metal‐ligand combinations and functions can be made to vary to modulate the transmission functions, thus strongly influencing conductance and Seebeck coefficient. In this concept article are described recent studies wherein thermoelectric measurements were conducted on metal complex junctions. Furthermore, the potential for the use of the junctions in thermoelectric devices is discussed.
Differently N‐Capped Analogues of Fmoc‐FF
Authors: Diaferia Carlo , Rosa Elisabetta , Gallo Enrico , Morelli Giancarlo , Accardo Antonella 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShort and ultra‐short peptides have been recently envisioned as excellent building blocks for the formulation of hydrogels with appealing properties. Due to its simplicity and capability to gel under physiological conditions, Fmoc‐FF (Nα‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐diphenylalanine), remains one of the most studied low molecular‐weight hydrogelators. Since its first identification in 2006, a plethora of its analogues were synthetized and investigated for the fabrication of novel supramolecular materials. Here we report a description of the Fmoc‐FF analogues in which the aromatic Fmoc group is replaced with other substituents. These analogues are distinguished into five different classes including derivatives: i) customized with solid phase peptide synthesis protecting groups; ii) containing non‐aromatic groups, iii) containing aromatic groups, iv) derivatized with metal complexes and v) containing stimuli‐responsive groups. The morphological, mechanical, and functional effects caused by this modification on the resulting material are also pointed out.
The influence of anatomic stage and receptor status on first recurrence for breast cancer within 5 years (AFT‐01)
Authors: Neuman Heather B. , Schumacher Jessica R. , Edge Stephen B. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Partridge Ann H. , Yu Menggang , Vanness David J. , Hanlon Bret M. , Le‐Rademacher Jennifer G. , Yang Dou‐Yan , Havlena Jeffrey , Strand Carrie A. , Greenberg Caprice C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRisk‐stratified follow‐up guidelines that account for the absolute risk and timing of recurrence may improve the quality and efficiency of breast cancer follow‐up. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of anatomic stage and receptor status with timing of the first recurrence for patients with local‐regional breast cancer and generate risk‐stratified follow‐up recommendations.MethodsThe authors conducted a secondary analysis of 8007 patients with stage I–III breast cancer who enrolled in nine Alliance legacy clinical trials from 1997 to 2013 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02171078). Patients who received standard‐of‐care therapy were included. Patients who were missing stage or receptor status were excluded. The primary outcome was days from the earliest treatment start date to the date of first recurrence. The primary explanatory variable was anatomic stage. The analysis was stratified by receptor type. Cox proportional‐hazards regression models produced cumulative probabilities of recurrence. A dynamic programming algorithm approach was used to optimize the timing of follow‐up intervals based on the timing of recurrence events.ResultsThe time to first recurrence varied significantly between receptor types (p < .0001). Within each receptor type, stage influenced the time to recurrence (p < .0001). The risk of recurrence was highest and occurred earliest for estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative/progesterone receptor (PR)‐negative/Her2neu‐negative tumors (stage III; 5‐year probability of recurrence, 45.5%). The risk of recurrence was lower for ER‐positive/PR‐positive/Her2neu‐positive tumors (stage III; 5‐year probability of recurrence, 15.3%), with recurrences distributed over time. Model‐generated follow‐up recommendations by stage and receptor type were created.ConclusionsThis study supports considering both anatomic stage and receptor status in follow‐up recommendations. The implementation of risk‐stratified guidelines based on these data has the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of follow‐up.
Bivalent Cobalt as Efficient Catalyst Intercalation Layer Improves Polysulfide Conversion in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lin Peirong , Qi Yuheng , Guo Daying , Wang Xueyu , Fang Guoyong , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein, we investigated in detail the effect of metal valences in different cobalt‐based organic framework compounds on the kinetics of sulfur reaction in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). On this basis, two organic framework compounds of zeolite‐imidazole‐based cobalt organic framework compound (Co‐ZIF) and tetrakis(4‐benzoic acid) porphyrinato‐CoIII chloride [Co‐TBP(III)] with different valences were constructed as the functional intercalation separators of LSBs, and explored the effects of different valences on improving the reaction kinetics of polysulfides and inhibiting the shuttle effect. Experiments and theoretical calculations prove that CoII exhibits the best catalytic activity. This is mainly due to the fact that +2 valence shows a strong adsorption energy for polysulfides and a higher Fermi level compared with +3 valence, thus improving the efficiency of the rapid catalytic conversion of sulfur species. As expected, the discharge specific capacity of Co‐ZIF as the catalytic layer of the LSBs reached 772.7 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 5 C. More importantly, the initial specific capacity is 839.6 mAh g−1 at high current 3 C, and after 720 cycles, the attenuation rate of per cycle is only 0.092 %, and the coulombic efficiency remains above 92 %.
Cobalt Deposition from Ionothermally Dissolved Cobalt Oxides
Authors: Richter Janine , Pietsch Tobias , Ruck Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOwing to the environmental problems of numerous metal production processes, there is a growing need for more energy‐efficient approaches. Cobalt is considered a strategic element that is extracted not only from ores but also from spent Li‐ion batteries. One promising new approach is ionometallurgy, which is the extraction of metal oxides by ionic liquids (ILs). This study concerns new investigations into ionometallurgical processing of CoO, Co3O4, and LiCoO2 in the IL betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [Hbet][NTf2]. Three crystal structures of cobalt−betaine complex compounds and combined spectroscopic and diffraction studies provide insights into the dissolution process. In addition, an optimized dissolution procedure for metal oxides is presented, avoiding the previously reported decomposition of the IL. Subsequent cobalt electrodeposition is only possible from cationic complex species, highlighting the importance of a thorough understanding of the complex equilibria. The presented method is also compared to other recently reported approaches.
Reliable and infrastructure‐independent routing for the internet of vehicles
Authors: Taj Yaser , Bakhshi Bahador , Zandhessami Hessam 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a new framework for intelligent transportation systems. One of its goals is to improve safety and increase the quality of service for passengers. Topology changes in IoV present significant challenges to the function of safety applications. Most routing algorithms offer their solution, independent of infrastructure or based exclusively on infrastructure. Although the lack of access to roadside units disrupts infrastructure‐based algorithms, methods that do not use infrastructure will also not enjoy the benefits of high‐speed data transmission. This research proposes the reliable and infrastructure‐independent routing (RIIR) routing algorithm to increase the reliability of real‐time routing in the IoV. The RIIR, in addition to simultaneous covering capability to use intelligent infrastructure for accelerating data transmission and flexibility in conditions of lack of access to infrastructure, by introducing three new criteria entitled “history of vehicle movement,” “conformity of vehicle speed with the harmonic speed average of nearby vehicles,” and “number of reliable neighbors,” scores vehicles and then selects the most suitable vehicles as route members. The RIIR measures the conformity of the previous presence of vehicles on the current route and the stability of their link with adjacent vehicles. Furthermore, it prevents congestion by halting the spread of route request messages at intersections not leading to the destination. The efficiency of the RIIR has been theoretically proven, and extensive simulations with multiple scenarios in SUMO and NS3 show the superiority of the RIIR in increasing the packet delivery rate and reducing route failure, average delay, and control overhead.
Protective potential of thymoquinone against cadmium, arsenic, and lead toxicity: A short review with emphasis on oxidative pathways
Authors: Ghasemi Farzad , Nili‐Ahmadabadi Amir , Omidifar Navid , Nili‐Ahmadabadi Maryam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeavy metals are among the most important environmental pollutions used in various industries. Their extensive use has increased human susceptibility to different chronic diseases. Toxic metal exposure, especially cadmium, arsenic, and lead, causes oxidative damages, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic and epigenetic modifications. Meanwhile, thymoquinone (TQ) is an effective component of Nigella sativa oil that plays an important role in preventing the destructive effects of heavy metals. The present review discusses how TQ can protect various tissues against oxidative damage of heavy metals. This review is based on the research reported about the protective effects of TQ in the toxicity of heavy metals, approximately the last 10 years (2010–2021). Scientific databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, were searched using the following keywords either alone or in combination: cadmium, arsenic, lead, TQ, and oxidative stress. TQ, as a potent antioxidant, can distribute to cellular compartments and prevent oxidative damage of toxic metals. However, depending on the type of toxic metal and the carrier system used to release TQ in biological systems, its therapeutic dosage range may be varied.
Severe complications in a 25‐year‐old male after brown recluse spider bite treated by therapeutic plasma exchange: A case report and review of other case studies
Authors: Cain Sarah , Plapp Frederick V. , Dasgupta Amitava , Ye Zhan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough in the majority of patients (90%), the bite wound of brown recluse spider resolves spontaneously, some patients may experience a severe reaction requiring hospitalization. A 25‐year‐old male developed severe hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and other complications following a brown recluse spider bite on his posterior right thigh. He was treated with methylprednisolone, antibiotics, and red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion without response. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was added to the treatment regimen, and his hemoglobin (Hb) was eventually stabilized, leading to significant clinical improvement. The beneficial effect of TPE in the current case was compared to three other reported cases. We recommend close monitoring of Hb levels in patients with systemic loxoscelism during the first week after brown recluse spider bite and early implementation of TPE in the management of severe acute hemolysis when patients do not respond to usual treatment modalities and RBC transfusion.
In Vivo MRI Tracking of Degradable Polyurethane Hydrogel Degradation In Situ Using a Manganese Porphyrin Contrast Agent
Authors: Tawagi Eric , Vollett Kyle D. W. , Szulc Daniel A. , Santerre J. Paul , Cheng Hai‐Ling Margaret 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundA noninvasive method to track implanted biomaterials is desirable for real‐time monitoring of material interactions with host tissues and assessment of efficacy and safety.PurposeTo explore quantitative in vivo tracking of polyurethane implants using a manganese porphyrin (MnP) contrast agent containing a covalent binding site for pairing to polymers.Study TypeProspective, longitudinal.Animal ModelRodent model of dorsal subcutaneous implants (10 female Sprague Dawley rats).Field Strength/SequenceA 3‐T; two‐dimensional (2D) T1‐weighted spin‐echo (SE), T2‐weighted turbo SE, three‐dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient‐echo T1 mapping with variable flip angles.AssessmentA new MnP‐vinyl contrast agent to covalently label polyurethane hydrogels was synthesized and chemically characterized. Stability of binding was assessed in vitro. MRI was performed in vitro on unlabeled hydrogels and hydrogels labeled at different concentrations, and in vivo on rats with unlabeled and labeled hydrogels implanted dorsally. In vivo MRI was performed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks postimplantation. Implants were easily identified on T1‐weighted SE, and fluid accumulation from inflammation was distinguished on T2‐weighted turbo SE. Implants were segmented on contiguous T1‐weighted SPGR slices using a threshold of 1.8 times the background muscle signal intensity; implant volume and mean T1 values were then calculated at each timepoint. Histopathology was performed on implants in the same plane as MRI and compared to imaging results.Statistical TestsUnpaired t‐tests and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for comparisons. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsHydrogel labeling with MnP resulted in a significant T1 reduction in vitro (T1 = 517 ± 36 msec vs. 879 ± 147 msec unlabeled). Mean T1 values of labeled implants in rats increased significantly by 23% over time, from 1 to 7 weeks postimplantation (651 ± 49 msec to 801 ± 72 msec), indicating decreasing implant density.Data ConclusionPolymer‐binding MnP enables in vivo tracking of vinyl‐group coupling polymers.Evidence Level1.Technical EfficacyStage 1.
New Insights into the Spread of MRS‐Based Water T2 Values Observed in Highly Fatty Replaced Muscles
Authors: Reyngoudt Harmen , Baudin Pierre‐Yves , Carlier Pierre G. , Lopez Kolkovsky Alfredo L. , de Almeida Araujo Ericky Caldas , Marty Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe reference standard for assessing water T2 (T2,H2O) at high fat fraction (FF) is 1H MRS. T2,H2O (T2,H2O,MRS) dependence on FF (FFMRS) has recently been demonstrated in muscle at high FF (i.e. ≥60%).PurposeTo investigate the relationship between T2,H2O,MRS and FFMRS in the thigh/leg muscles of patients with neuromuscular diseases and to compare with quantitative MRI.Study TypeRetrospective case–control study.PopulationA total of 151 patients with neuromuscular disorders (mean age ± standard deviation = 52.5 ± 22.6 years, 54% male), 44 healthy volunteers (26.5 ± 13.0 years, 57% male).Field Strength/SequenceA 3‐T; single‐voxel stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRS, multispin echo (MSE) imaging (for T2 mapping, T2,H2O,MRI), three‐point Dixon imaging (for FFMRI and mapping).AssessmentMono‐exponential and bi‐exponential models were fitted to water T2 decay curves to extract T2,H2O,MRS and FFMRS. Water resonance full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) and B0 spread (∆B0) values were calculated. T2,H2O,MRI (mean), FFMRI (mean, kurtosis, and skewness), and (mean) values were estimated in the MRS voxel.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsNormal T2,H2O,MRS threshold was defined as the 90th percentile in healthy controls: 30.3 msec. T2,H2O,MRS was significantly higher in all patients with FFMRS < 60% compared to healthy controls. We discovered two subgroups in patients with FFMRS ≥ 60%: one with T2,H2O,MRS ≥ 30.3 msec and one with T2,H2O,MRS < 30.3 msec including abnormally low T2,H2O,MRS. The latter subgroup had significantly higher water resonance FWHM, ∆B0, FFMRI kurtosis, and skewness values but nonsignificantly different (P = 1.00) and long T2,H2O,MRS component and its fraction (P > 0.11) based on the bi‐exponential analysis.Data ConclusionThe findings suggest that the cause for (abnormally) T2,H2O,MRS at high FFMRS is biophysical, due to differences in susceptibility between muscle and fat (increased FWHM and ∆B0), rather than pathophysiological such as compartmentation changes, which would be reflected by the bi‐exponential analysis.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3