bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unequal Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in Perinatal Hypoxic Ischemic Injury of Term Neonates
Authors: Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder B. , Elsingergy Mohamed , Worede Fikadu , Curic Jelena , Andronikou Savvas 
Published: July 2023

Background
Perinatal hypoxic ischemic injury (HII) has a higher prevalence in the developing world. One of the primary concepts for suggesting that an imaging pattern reflects a global insult to the brain is when the injury is noted to be bilateral and symmetric in distribution. In the context of HII in term neonates, this is either bilateral symmetric (a) peripheral/watershed (WS) injury or (b) bilateral symmetric basal-ganglia-thalamus (BGT) pattern, often with the peri-Rolandic and hippocampal injury. Unilateral, asymmetric, or unequal distribution of injury may therefore be misdiagnosed as perinatal arterial ischemic stroke.

Objectives
We aimed to determine the prevalence of unequal cerebral injury in HII, identify patterns, and determine their relationship with existing classification of HII.

Materials and Methods
Review of brain magnetic resonance imaging from a database of children with HII. Reports with any unequal pattern of injury were included and further classified as a unilateral, bilateral asymmetric, or symmetric but unequal degree pattern of HII.

Results
A total of 1213 MRI scans in patients with a diagnosis of HII revealed 156 (13%) with unequal involvement of the hemispheres: unilateral in 2 of 1213 (0.2%) (involvement only in the WS), asymmetric in 48 of 1213 (4%) (WS in 6 [0.5%], BGT in 4 [0.3%], and combined BGT and WS in 38 [3.1%]), and bilateral symmetric but unequal degree in 106 of 1213 (8.7%) (WS in 20 [1.6%], BGT in 17 [1.4%], and combined BGT and WS in 69 [5.7%]).

Conclusions
The majority of children with cerebral palsy due to HII demonstrate a characteristic bilateral symmetric pattern of injury. In our study, 13% demonstrated an unequal pattern. Differentiation from perinatal arterial ischemic stroke, which is mostly unilateral and distributed typically in the middle cerebral artery territory, should be possible and recognition of the typical BGT or WS magnetic resonance imaging patterns should add confidence to the diagnosis, in such scenarios.
Quantitative Relaxometry Assessment of Brain Microstructural Abnormality of Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Synthetic Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Li Shuang-Yu , Zhao Xin , Cheng Mei-Ying , Lu Lin , Guo Jin-Xia , Xuan De-Sheng , Sun Yong-Bing , Xing Qing-Na , Meng Ling-Song , Liao Jun-Jie , Cui Shu-Hong , Zhang Ling-Jie , Feng Zhan-Qi , Zhang Xiao-An 
Published: July 2023

Objective
This study aimed to perform an assessment of brain microstructure in children with autism aged 2 to 5 years using relaxation times acquired by synthetic magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and Methods
Thirty-four children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (ASD group) and 17 children with global developmental delay (GDD) (GDD group) were enrolled, and synthetic magnetic resonance imaging was performed to obtain T1 and T2 relaxation times. The differences in brain relaxation times between the 2 groups of children were compared, and the correlation between significantly changed T1/T2 and clinical neuropsychological scores in the ASD group was analyzed.

Results
Compared with the GDD group, shortened T1 relaxation times in the ASD group were distributed in the genu of corpus callosum (GCC) (P = 0.003), splenium of corpus callosum (P = 0.002), and right thalamus (TH) (P = 0.014), whereas shortened T2 relaxation times in the ASD group were distributed in GCC (P = 0.011), left parietal white matter (P = 0.035), and bilateral TH (right, P = 0.014; left, P = 0.016). In the ASD group, the T2 of the left parietal white matter is positively correlated with gross motor (developmental quotient [DQ] 2) and personal-social behavior (DQ5), respectively (r = 0.377, P = 0.028; r = 0.392, P = 0.022); the T2 of the GCC was positively correlated with DQ5 (r = 0.404, P = 0.018); and the T2 of the left TH is positively correlated with DQ2 and DQ5, respectively (r = 0.433, P = 0.009; r = 0.377, P = 0.028). All significantly changed relaxation values were not significantly correlated with Childhood Autism Rating Scale scores.

Conclusions
The shortened relaxometry times in the brain of children with ASD may be associated with the increased myelin content and decreased water content in the brain of children with ASD in comparison with GDD, contributing the understanding of the pathophysiology of ASD. Therefore, the T1 and T2 relaxometry may be used as promising imaging markers for ASD diagnosis.
Pediatric Optic Pathway Gliomas Resource Utilization and Prevalence in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse
Authors: Stoddard-Bennett Theo N. , Yu Fei , Spiegel Samuel J. , Perez Claudia F. , Coleman Anne L. , Repka Michael X. , Pineles Stacy L. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Although significant progress has been made in improving the rate of survival for pediatric optic pathway gliomas (OPGs), data describing the methods of diagnosis and treatment for OPGs are limited in the modern era. This retrospective study aims to provide an epidemiological overview in the pediatric population and an update on eye care resource utilization in OPG patients using big data analysis.

Methods:
Using the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, 9–11 million children from 2016 to 2021 assessed the presence of an OPG claim. This data set was analyzed for demographic distribution data and clinical data including average ages for computed tomography (CT), MRI, strabismus, and related treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation), as well as yearly rates for optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field (VF) examinations.

Results:
Five hundred fifty-one unique patients ranging in age from 0 to 17 years had an OPG claim, with an estimated prevalence of 4.6–6.1 per 100k. Among the 476 OPG patients with at least 6 months of follow-up, 88.9% had at least one MRI and 15.3% had at least one CT. Annual rates for OCT and VF testing were similar (1.26 vs 1.35 per year), although OCT was ordered for younger patients (mean age = 9.2 vs 11.7 years, respectively). During the study period, 14.1% of OPG patients had chemotherapy, 6.1% had either surgery or radiation, and 81.7% had no treatment.

Conclusions:
This study updates OPG demographics for the modern era and characterizes the burden of the treatment course for pediatric OPG patients using big data analysis of a commercial claims database. OPGs had a prevalence of about 0.005% occurring equally in boys and girls. Most did not receive treatment, and the average child had at least one claim for OCT or VF per year for clinical monitoring. This study is limited to only commercially insured children, who represent approximately half of the general child population.
Leukocytes carryingClonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential(CHIP) Mutations invade Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Scheidt Moritz von , Bauer Sabine , Ma Angela , Hao Ke , Kessler Thorsten , Vilne Baiba , Wang Ying , Hodonsky Chani J. , Ghosh Saikat K.B. , Mokry Michal , Gao Hua , Kawai Kenji , Sakamoto Atsushi , Kaiser Juliane , Bongiovanni Dario , Fleig Julia , Oldenbuettel Lilith , Chen Zhifen , Moggio Aldo , Sager Hendrik B. , Hecker Judith S. , Bassermann Florian , Maegdefessel Lars , Miller Clint L. , Koenig Wolfgang , Zeiher Andreas M. , Dimmeler Stefanie , Graw Matthias , Braun Christian , Ruusalepp Arno , Leeper Nicholas J. , Kovacic Jason C. , Björkegren Johan L.M. , Schunkert Heribert 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundLeukocyte progenitors derived from clonal hematopoiesis of undetermined potential (CHIP) are associated with increased cardiovascular events. However, the prevalence and functional relevance of CHIP in coronary artery disease (CAD) are unclear, and cells affected by CHIP have not been detected in human atherosclerotic plaques.MethodsCHIP mutations in blood and tissues were identified by targeted deep-DNA-sequencing (DNAseq: coverage >3,000) and whole-genome-sequencing (WGS: coverage >35). CHIP-mutated leukocytes were visualized in human atherosclerotic plaques by mutaFISHTM. Functional relevance of CHIP mutations was studied by RNAseq.ResultsDNAseq of whole blood from 540 deceased CAD patients of the Munich cardIovaScular StudIes biObaNk (MISSION) identified 253 (46.9%) CHIP mutation carriers (mean age 78.3 years). DNAseq on myocardium, atherosclerotic coronary and carotid arteries detected identical CHIP mutations in 18 out of 25 mutation carriers in tissue DNA. MutaFISHTMvisualized individual macrophages carryingDNMT3ACHIP mutations in human atherosclerotic plaques. Studying monocyte-derived macrophages from Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Networks Engineering Task (STARNET; n=941) by WGS revealed CHIP mutations in 14.2% (mean age 67.1 years). RNAseq of these macrophages revealed that expression patterns in CHIP mutation carriers differed substantially from those of non-carriers. Moreover, patterns were different depending on the underlying mutations, e.g. those carryingTET2mutations predominantly displayed upregulated inflammatory signaling whereasASXL1mutations showed stronger effects on metabolic pathways.ConclusionsDeep-DNA-sequencing reveals a high prevalence of CHIP mutations in whole blood of CAD patients. CHIP-affected leukocytes invade plaques in human coronary arteries. RNAseq data obtained from macrophages of CHIP-affected patients suggest that pro-atherosclerotic signaling differs depending on the underlying mutations. Further studies are necessary to understand whether specific pathways affected by CHIP mutations may be targeted for personalized treatment.
From Tribal Polarization to Socio-Economic Disparities: Exploring the Landscape of Vaccine Hesitancy on Twitter
Authors: Ayaz Huzeyfe , Celik Muhammed Hasan , Koytak Huseyin Zeyd , Yanik Ibrahim Emre 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThis study analyzed Twitter posts related to vaccine hesitancy and its association with socio-economic variables in the US at the state level. The unique socio-economic characteristics of US states, such as education, race, or income, are significantly associated with attitudes toward vaccination. Our results indicate that vaccine hesitancy is a multifaceted phenomenon shaped by a complex interplay of factors. Furthermore, the research identifies two distinct sets of justifications for vaccine hesitancy. The first set pertains to political concerns, including constitutional rights and conspiracy theories. The second pertains to medical concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. However, vaccine-hesitant Twitter users pragmatically use broad categories of justification for their beliefs. This behavior may suggest that vaccine hesitancy is influenced by political beliefs, unconscious emotions, and gut-level instinct. Our findings have further implications for the critical role of trust in shaping attitudes toward vaccination and the need for tailored communication strategies to restore faith in marginalized communities.
A nine-year investigation of industry payments to emergency physicians in the United States between 2013 and 2021
Authors: Murayama Anju 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the characteristics and trends in the industry payments to emergency physicians since the inception of the Open Payments Database in 2013 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.MethodsUsing the Open Payments Database between August 2013 and December 2021, this population-based cohort study examined all research and general payments made by the healthcare industry to emergency physicians registered in the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System in the United States. We performed descriptive analyses on payment data and generalized estimating equations for payment trends.ResultsAmong 50,483 active emergency physicians, 28,678 (56.8%) accepted a total of $457,640,796.73 payments from the healthcare industry between 2013 and 2021. 56.6% and 1.3% of all emergency physicians received general and research payments, respectively. 20.8% ($94.98 millions) of overall industry payments were general payments. Median general and research payments per-physician (interquartile range) were $133.21 ($44.78–$355.77) and $62,842.97 ($10,320.00–$273,285.28), respectively. Top 1% of emergency physicians received 86.2% of overall general payments, respectively. The number of physicians receiving general payments decreased by 2.9% (95% CI: −3.2 to −2.5, p<0.001) annually between 2014 and 2019 and 47.8% (95% CI: −49.8 to −45.6, p<0.001) in 2020. Although there were no significant changes in research payments before COVID-19 pandemic, the research payments significantly increased by 69.4% (95% CI: 28.9–122.7, p<0.001) in 2021 than those in 2020.ConclusionsMajority of emergency physicians accepted general payments from the healthcare industry, but the number of emergency physician accepting the general payments significantly decreased since the inception of Open Payments Database.
Tricuspid annulus remodelling after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for reduction of tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Widmann Maddalena , Castriota Fausto , Nerla Roberto , Ribichini Flavio , Pesarini Gabriele , Fisicaro Andrea , Squeri Angelo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the last years multiple transcatheter devices for tricuspid valve interventions were developed. Aim of the study is to evaluate the acute tricuspid annulus remodelling after percutaneous leaflet repair, using a leaflet approximation device (TriClip Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA) for reduction of tricuspid regurgitation.Methods and resultsThis is a retrospective dual-center cohort study that includes 26 consecutive patients, treated with TriClip in Maria Cecilia Hospital of Cotignola and in the University Hospital of Verona. Tricuspid annulus geometry was evaluated using three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography examinations conducted during the procedure before and after TriClip implantation.The mean age of the study cohort was 79,3 years, and 88,5% were female. Tricuspid regurgitation was graded severe or greater at pre-operative examination in all patients, mostly due to annular dilation. Procedure was successfully in all patients, with at least 1-grade reduction of tricuspid regurgitation before hospital dismissal. A significative reduction of mean septal-lateral diameter (4,09 ± 0,44 cm vs 3,54 ± 0,53 cm, p=< 0,0001), mean major diameter (4,65 ± 0,63 cm vs 4,28 ± 0,65 cm, p=0,0002), planimetric area (14,00 ± 2,91 cm2 vs 11,25 ± 2,91 cm2, p=<0,0001) and perimeter (13,62 ± 1,43 cm vs 12,42 ± 1,62 cm, p=<0,0001) of the tricuspid annulus was observed.ConclusionsIn this small real-world population, edge-to-edge repair using TriClip was found to be effective and safe. Tricuspid transcatheter repair with a leaflet approximation device lead also to reduction in the tricuspid annular dimensions. This is to date the first study that shows positive changes in tricuspid annular geometry, that could have potentially relevant therapeutic implications.
Multimorbidity and blood pressure control: a cross-sectional analysis among 67,385 adults with hypertension in Canada
Authors: Nguyen Tu N , Kalia Sumeet , Hanlon Peter , Jani Bhautesh D , Nicholl Barbara I , Christie Chelsea D. , Aliarzadeh Babak , Moineddin Rahim , Harrison Christopher , Chow Clara , Fortin Martin , Mair Frances S , Greiver Michelle 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere has been conflicting evidence on the association between multimorbidity and blood pressure (BP) control. This study aimed to investigate this associations in people with hypertension attending primary care in Canada, and to assess whether individual long-term conditions are associated with BP control.MethodsA cross-sectional study in people with hypertension attending primary care in Toronto between January 01 2017 and December 31 2019. Uncontrolled BP was defined as systolic BP≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP≥90 mmHg. A list of 11 a priori selected chronic conditions was used to define multimorbidity. Multimorbidity was defined as having ≥1 long-term condition in addition to hypertension. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between multimorbidity (or individual long-term conditions) with uncontrolled BP.ResultsA total of 67,385 patients with hypertension were included. They had a mean age of 70, 53.1% were female, 80.6% had multimorbidity, and 35.7% had uncontrolled BP. Patients with multimorbidity had lower odds of uncontrolled BP than those without multimorbidity (adjusted OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.68-0.76). Among the long-term conditions, diabetes (aOR 0.73, 95%CI 0.70-0.77), heart failure (aOR 0.81, 95%CI 0.73-0.91), ischemic heart disease (aOR 0.74, 95%CI 0.69-0.79), schizophrenia (aOR 0.79, 95%CI 0.65-0.97), depression/anxiety (aOR 0.91, 95%CI 0.86-0.95), dementia (aOR 0.87, 95%CI 0.80-0.95), and osteoarthritis (aOR 0.89, 95%CI 0.85-0.93) were associated with a lower likelihood of uncontrolled BP.ConclusionWe found that multimorbidity was associated with better BP control. Several conditions were associated with better control, including diabetes, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, schizophrenia, depression/anxiety, dementia, and osteoarthritis.
Molecular Basis of Kv1 Channel Downregulation and Its Epileptogenic Implications in Lgi1 Knock-out Mice
Authors: Ramirez-Franco Jorge , Debreux Kévin , Sangiardi Marion , Belghazi Maya , Kim Yujin , Lee Suk-Ho , Lévêque Christian , Seagar Michael , El Far Oussama 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Kv1members (KCNA, Shaker) of the voltage-gated potassium channels are implicated in determining key functional neuronal properties from spike generation at axonal initial segments to the control of synaptic strength at nerve terminals. In animal models of LGI1-dependent autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (ADTLE), Kv1channels are downregulated, suggesting their crucial involvement in epileptogenesis. The molecular basis of Kv1channel-downregulation in LGI1 knock-out mice has not been elucidated and how the absence of this extracellular protein induces an important modification in the expression of Kv1remains unknown. In this study we analyse by immunofluorescence the detailed modifications in neuronal Kv1.1and Kv1.2distribution throughout the hippocampal formation of LGI1 knock-out mice. We show that Kv1downregulation is not restricted to the axonal compartment, but also takes place in the somatodendritic region and is accompanied by a drastic decrease in Kv2expression levels. Moreover, we find that the downregulation of these Kv channels is associated with an important increase in bursting patterns. Finally, mass spectrometry uncovered key important modifications in the Kv1interactome that highlight the epileptogenic implication of Kv1downregulation in LGI1 knock-out animals.
A step in the deep evolution of Alvinellidae (Annelida: Polychaeta): A phylogenomic comparative approach based on transcriptomes
Authors: Brun Pierre-Guillaume , Hourdez Stéphane , Ballenghien Marion , Zhou Yadong , Mary Jean , Jollivet Didier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Alvinellidae are a family of worms that are endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. These annelid worms, a sister group to the Ampharetidae, occupy a wide range of thermal habitats. The family includes the most thermotolerant marine animals described to date such as the Pompeii wormAlvinella pompejana, and other species living at much lower temperatures such asParalvinella grassleiorParalvinella pandorae. The phylogeny of this family has not been studied extensively. It is, however, a complex case where molecular phylogenies have given conflicting results, especially concerning the monophyletic or polyphyletic nature of the genusParalvinella.We carried out a comprehensive study of the phylogeny of this family using the best molecular data currently available from RNAseq datasets, leading to several hundred orthologous transcripts for 11 of the 14 species currently described or in description. The results obtained by the two most popular phylogenetic inference models (using either gene concatenation with maximum likelihood, or a coalescent-based model from gene trees) were compared using a series of ampharetid and terebellid outgroups.Our study shows that the global phylogenetic signal favors the hypothesis of paraphyly for theParalvinellagenus, withP. pandoraebeing sister species of the other Alvinellidae. However, a high number of gene trees also supports the hypothesis of alternative trees in which the monophyly of theParalvinellagenus, as initially proposed by Desbruyères and Laubier, is valid with the speciesP. pandoraeandParalvinella unidentatabeing sister species. According to molecular dating, the radiation of the Alvinellidae was rapid and took place in a short period of time between 80 and 110 million years ago. This is reflected at the genomic scale by gene trees equally separated between different phylogenetic hypothesis, showing high rates of incomplete lineage sorting between the first lineages of the Alvinellidae and probable gene transfers. Although different genomic regions seem to have different phylogenetic stories in the early step of the alvinellid radiation, our study supports the view that the twoP. pandoraespecies can be grouped into a separate genus (possiblyNautalvinella) and that theMiralvinellasubgenus, defined by Desbruyères and Laubier, is not valid anymore.
The CB1receptor interacts with cereblon and drives cereblon deficiency-associated memory shortfalls
Authors: Costas-Insua Carlos , Hermoso-López Alba , Moreno Estefanía , Montero-Fernández Carlos , Álvaro-Blázquez Alicia , Diez-Alarcia Rebeca , Maroto Irene B. , Morales Paula , Canela Enric I. , Casadó Vicent , Urigüen Leyre , Bellocchio Luigi , Rodríguez-Crespo Ignacio , Guzmán Manuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCereblon/CRBN is a substrate-recognition component of the Cullin4A-DDB1-Roc1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Destabilizing mutations in the humanCRBNgene cause a form of autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability (ARNSID) that is modelled by knocking-out the mouseCrbngene. A reduction in excitatory neurotransmission has been proposed as an underlying mechanism of the disease, but the intimate factors eliciting this impairment remain mostly unknown. Here we report that CRBN molecules selectively located on glutamatergic neurons are necessary for proper memory function. Combining variousin vivoapproaches, we show that the cannabinoid CB1receptor (CB1R), a key suppressor of synaptic transmission, is overactivated in CRBN deficiency-linked ARNSID mouse models, and that the memory deficits observed in these animals can be rescued by acute CB1R-selective pharmacological antagonism. Molecular studies demonstrated that CRBN interacts physically with CB1R and impairs the CB1R-Gi/o-cAMP-PKA pathway in a ubiquitin ligase-independent manner. Taken together, these findings unveil that CB1R overactivation is a driving mechanism of CRBN deficiency-linked ARNSID and anticipate that the blockade of CB1R could constitute a new therapy for this orphan disease.