bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure characteristic and acoustic emission spatio‐temporal evolution of coal under different cyclic loading rates
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhao Yixin , Hua Xinzhu , Ling Chunwei , Wang Xiaoliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe coal and rock dynamic disasters occur more and more frequently in deep mining, which is tightly correlated to the instability of coal pillars under high stress and cyclic disturbance load. In this study, the strength, deformation behaviors, and failure mechanism of coal under cyclic loading in a high‐stress state were investigated by considering the influence of cyclic loading rate. The experimental results indicate that the compressive strength is positively correlated with the cyclic loading rate, and the deformation patterns, AE amplitude, and spatial evolution are the same under various cyclic loading rates. The damage variable shows the “slow increase→fast increase→slow increase→ fast increase →slow increase→fast increase→rapid increase” trend. The damage growth rate ranges from 9.32 × 10−5 to 4.86 × 10−3, and increases with the cyclic loading rate. The spatial fractal dimensions under various cyclic loading rates are the same, and the distribution ranges from 2.1 to 2.9, showing a general downward trend. The microfailure mechanism under various cyclic loading rates is mixed failure dominated by tensile failure, with a small amount of shear failure. There is a positive correlation between the percentage of shear cracks and the cyclic loading rates.
Influence of Water Hardness on Chronic Toxicity of Potassium Chloride to a Unionid Mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea)
Authors: Wang Ning , Dorman Rebecca A. , Kunz James L. , Cleveland Danielle , Steevens Jeffery A. , Dunn Suzanne , Martinez A. David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Elevated concentrations of potassium (K) often occur in effluents from wastewater treatment plants, oil and gas production operations, mineral extraction processes, and other anthropogenic sources. Previous studies have demonstrated that freshwater mussels are highly sensitive to K in acute and chronic exposures, and that acute toxicity of K decreases with increasing water hardness. However, little is known about the influence of hardness on the chronic toxicity of K. The objective of our study was to evaluate the chronic toxicity of K (tested as KCl) to a commonly tested unionid mussel (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) at five hardness levels (25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/L as CaCO3) representing most surface waters in the United States. Chronic 28-day K toxicity tests were conducted with 3-week-old juvenile fatmucket in the five hardness waters using an ASTM International standard method. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations (geometric mean of the no-observed-effect concentration and the lowest-observed-effect concentration) increased from 15.1 to 69.3 mg K/L for survival and from 15.1 to 35.8 mg K/L for growth (length and dry wt) and biomass when water hardness was increased from 25 mg/L (soft) to 300 mg/L (very hard). These results provide evidence to support water hardness influence on chronic K toxicity to juvenile fatmucket. However, the chronic effect concentrations based on the more sensitive endpoint (growth or biomass) increased only 2.4-fold from the soft water to the very hard water, indicating that water hardness had a limited influence on the chronic toxicity of K to the mussels. These results can be used to establish chronic toxicity thresholds for K across a broad range of water hardness and to derive environmental guideline values for K to protect freshwater mussels and other organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1085–1093. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Investigating Population-Level Toxicity of the Antidepressant Citalopram in Harpacticoid Copepods Using In Vivo Methods and Bioenergetics-Based Population Modeling
Authors: Koch Josef , De Schamphelaere Karel A. C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent research has revealed various lethal and sublethal effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram hydrobromide on the harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinipes. In the present study, an individual-based model (IBM) grounded in the dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory was developed to extrapolate said effects to the population level. Using a generic DEB-IBM as a template, the model was designed to be as simple as possible, keeping model components that are outside the scope of the core DEB theory to a minimum. To test the model, a 56-day population experiment was performed at 0, 100, and 1000 μg citalopram hydrobromide L−1. In the experiment, the populations quickly reached a plateau in the control and at 100 μg L−1, which was correctly reproduced by the model and could be explained by food limitations hindering further population growth. At 1000 μg L−1, a clear mismatch occurred: Whereas in the experiment the population size increased beyond the supposed (food competition–induced) capacity, the model predicted a suppression of the population size. It is assumed that the IBM still misses important components addressing population density–regulating processes. Particularly crowding effects may have played an important role in the population experiment and should be further investigated to improve the model. Overall, the current DEB IBM for N. spinipes should be seen as a promising starting point for bioenergetics-based copepod population modeling, which—with further improvements—may become a valuable individual-to-population extrapolation tool in the future. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1094–1108. © 2023 SETAC
The genomic scale of fluctuating selection in a natural plant population
Authors: Kelly John K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study characterizes evolution at ≈1.86 million Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within a natural population of yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus). Most SNPs exhibit minimal change over a span of 23 generations (less than 1% per year), consistent with neutral evolution in a large population. However, several thousand SNPs display strong fluctuations in frequency. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that these ‘Fluctuating SNPs’ are driven by temporally varying selection. Unlinked loci exhibit synchronous changes with the same allele increasing consistently in certain time intervals but declining in others. This synchrony is sufficiently pronounced that we can roughly classify intervals into two categories, “green” and “yellow,” corresponding to conflicting selection regimes. Alleles increasing in green intervals are associated with early life investment in vegetative tissue and delayed flowering. The alternative alleles that increase in yellow intervals are associated with rapid progression to flowering. Selection on the Fluctuating SNPs produces a strong ripple effect on variation across the genome. Accounting for estimation error, we estimate the distribution of allele frequency change per generation in this population. While change is minimal for most SNPs, diffuse hitchhiking effects generated by selected loci may be driving neutral SNPs to a much greater extent than classic genetic drift.
On the Helical Crystals of Cholesterol Monohydrate
Authors: Addadi Lia , Varsano Neta , Ben Moshe Assaf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe review in this short perspective the history of cholesterol crystals and crystal structures. We address in particular the helical crystals that form in vitro and in pathology from environments rich in bile acids or from phospholipid membranes. We review the known mechanisms leading to crystals with chiral morphology, from screw‐dislocation mediated growth to mechanisms involving asymmetric mechanical strain. We propose a mechanism for cholesterol helical crystal development based on the monoclinic cholesterol monohydrate crystal structure. We suggest that curvature arises in few layers thick crystals due to the tension induced between the hydrophobic layer and the ice‐like H‐bonded lattice of the water molecules with the cholesterol hydroxy groups. Helicity would ensue through a combination of the curvature and the fast growth of a thin ribbon in one crystal direction.
Attitudes of Covid‐19 patients toward sharing their health data: A survey‐based study to understand security and privacy concerns
Authors: Moulaei Khadijeh , Iranmanesh Elnaz , Amiri Parasto , Ahmadian Leila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsMany people around the world, especially at the time of the Covid‐19 outbreak, are concerned about their e‐health data. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of patients with Covid‐19 toward sharing their health data for research and their concerns about security and privacy.MethodsThis survey is a cross‐sectional study conducted through an electronic researcher‐made questionnaire from February to May 2021. Convenience sampling was applied to select the participants and all 475 patients were referred to two to Afzalipour and Shahid Bahonar hospitals were invited to the study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 204 patients were included in the study and completed the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) were used to analyze the questionnaire data. SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis.ResultsParticipants tended to share information about “comments provided by individuals on websites” (68.6%), “fitness tracker data” (64.19%), and “online shopping history” (63.21%) before death. Participants also tended to share information about “electronic medical records data” (36.75%), “genetic data” (24.99%), and “Instagram data” (24.99%) after death. “Fraud or misuse of personal information” (4.48 [±1.27]) was the most common concern of participants regarding the virtual world. “Unauthorized access to the account” (4.38 [±0.73]), “violation of the privacy of personal information” (4.26 [±0.85]), and “violation of the patient privacy and personal information confidentially” (4.26 [±0.85]) were the most of the unauthorized security incidents that occurred online for participants.ConclusionPatients with Covid‐19 were concerned about releasing information they shared on websites and social networks. Therefore, people should be made aware of the reliability of websites and social media so that their security and privacy are not affected.
Evaluation of the sexual function of men in Kazakhstan during 2021–2022: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sikhymbaev Marat , Ospanova Dinara , Grzhibovsky Andrey , Akkaliyev Merkhat , Kurmanbekov Turar , Tanabayeva Shynar , Saliev Timur , Altynbekov Sagat , Fakhradiyev Ildar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAssessing male sexual function is an important public health issue in every country. In Kazakhstan, there are currently no reliable statistics on male sexual function. The study aimed at the assessment of sexual function in men in Kazakhstan.MethodsMen between the ages of 18 and 69 from Astana, Almaty, and Shymkent, three of Kazakhstan's biggest cities, were included in the cross‐sectional study in 2021–2022. A standardized and modified Brief Sexual Function Inventory (BSFI) tool was used for participants' interviews. The World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire was employed to gather sociodemographic information, including smoking and alcohol use.ResultsRespondents from three cities:n = 283 from Almaty,n = 254 from Astana, andn = 232 from Shymkent were interviewed. All participants' average age was 39.2 ± 13.4. Kazakhs made up 79.5% of the respondents by nationality; 19.1% who answered questions on physical activity verified that they were involved in high‐intensity labor. According to the BSFI questionnaire, the respondents from Shymkent had an average total score of 2.82 ± 0.92, (p ≤ 0.05), which was higher than the total scores of respondents from Almaty (2.69 ± 0.87) and Astana (2.69 ± 0.95). A relationship was found between sexual dysfunction and age indicators over 55 years. Participants with overweight had a relationship with sexual dysfunction with an odds ratio (OR): 1.84 (p = 0.01). According to the smoking factor, in study participants with sexual dysfunction, a relationship was also determined, OR: 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–1.97 (p = 0.001). The presence of high‐intensity activity (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 0.04–1.91), and physical inactivity (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.89–1.97) were associated with the presence of sexual dysfunction,p ≤ 0.05.ConclusionsOur research indicates that men over 50 who smoke, are overweight, and are physically inactive are at risk for sexual dysfunction. Early health promotion may be the most effective method to reduce the negative effects of sexual dysfunction on the health and wellbeing of men over 50.
Nonlinear instability analysis of internally heated convection in a porous layer with the impact of magnetic field and variable gravity
Authors: Ragoju Ravi , Venkateshwar Rao Madharam , Pavani Loka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe impact of the magnetic field, heat source, and variable gravity field on the stability of convective phenomena in a porous layer are investigated numerically. Three types of gravity variations, such as linear, parabolic, and cubic functions are considered. For linear and nonlinear theories, the method of normal modes has been employed to solve governing dimensionless equations. It is found that the onset of convection is delayed by increasing the Hartmann number and gravity variation parameter and enhancement of the internal heat source makes the system stable. The subcritical instability region increases as the Hartmann number and gravity variation parameter increase.
Self‐powered transparent photodetector for subretinal visual functions of wide‐field‐of‐view and broadband perception
Authors: Bhatnagar Priyanka , Patel Malkeshkumar , Lee Kibum , Kim Joondong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural photoreceptors enable color vision in humans, wherein the eyes detect colors and their corresponding intensities via cone and rod photoreceptors, respectively. Herein, we developed an artificial broadband photoreceptor with light‐color intensity detection similar to that of natural photoreceptors. The developed photoreceptor operates in the self‐powered mode and is capable of broadband perception (365–940 nm). The designed metal‐oxide heterojunction (n‐ZnO/p‐NiO) photoreceptor with a thin tin sulfide layer embedded in between is capable of perceiving various colors. It exhibits good transparency in the visible range and displays excellent integration with flexible substrates, highlighting its potential for use in flexible electronics. The fabricated structure has an exceptional response time (≈1 ms) and a wide‐field‐of‐view (150°) compared to the human eye's sensing range (50–100 ms and 108°). The transparent photoreceptor mimics cones and rods to detect a various wavelength‐dependent signals and explicitly differentiate between the intensities of the detected signals, respectively. This is further illustrated by employing the developed photoreceptor to detect colors in real time by generating unique signals corresponding to each color. The demonstration provides the proof of concept for self‐biased flexible bioelectronics emulating high‐performing visual functions of artificial eyes.image
High‐efficiency stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes based on ultra‐flexible printed embedded metal composite electrodes
Authors: Yao Lan‐Qian , Qin Yue , Li Xiang‐Chun , Xue Qian , Liu Fang , Cheng Tao , Li Guan‐Jun , Zhang Xinwen , Lai Wen‐Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are important components for flexible/wearable electronics. However, the efficiency of the existing stretchable OLEDs is still much lower as compared with their rigid counterparts, one of the main reasons being the lack of ideal flexible transparent electrodes. Herein, we propose and develop a printed embedded metal composite electrode (PEMCE) strategy that enables the fabrication of ultra‐thin, highly flexible transparent electrodes with robust mechanical properties. With the flexible transparent electrodes serves as the anodes, flexible/stretchable white OLEDs have been successfully constructed, achieving a current efficiency of up to 77.4 cd A−1 and a maximum luminance of 34 787 cd m−2. The current efficiency of the resulting stretchable OLEDs is the highest ever reported for flexible/stretchable white OLEDs, which is about 1.2 times higher than that of the reference rigid devices based on ITO/glass electrodes. The excellent optoelectronic properties of the printed embedded transparent electrodes and the light extraction effect of the Ag‐mesh account for the significant increase in current efficiency. Remarkably, the electroluminescence performance still retains ~83% of the original luminance even after bending the device 2000 cycles at a radii of ~0.5 mm. More importantly, the device can withstand tensile strains of up to ~100%, and even mechanical deformation of 90% tensile strain does not result in a significant loss of electroluminescence performance with current efficiency and luminance maintained at over 85%. The results confirm that the PEMCE strategy is effective for constructing ultra‐flexible transparent electrodes, showing great promise for use in a variety of flexible/stretchable electronics.image
The influence of data characteristics on interrater agreement among visual analysts
Authors: Wolfe Katie , Seaman Michael A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVisual analysis is the primary method of analyzing single‐case research data, yet relatively little is known about the variables that influence raters' decisions and rater agreement. Previous research has suggested that trend, variability, and autocorrelation may negatively affect interrater agreement, but studies have been limited by small numbers of graphs and participants whose knowledge of single‐case research was not described. The purpose of this study was to examine the main and interaction effects of two values of each of six data characteristics (e.g., level, trend, and number of data points) on agreement among visual analysts. Using data from Lanovaz and Hranchuk (2021), we examined odds ratios to identify data characteristics that influence interrater agreement. Results suggest that trend and effect size, and to a lesser extent variability, have the largest effects on interrater agreement. We discuss the implications of our results for future research on improving interrater agreement among visual analysts.
Mapping the evidence on clinical activities and outcome measures of pharmacist‐involved collaborative care models in managing diabetes: A scoping review
Authors: Lum Zheng Kang , Xu Yingqi , Gallagher Paul John , Lee Joyce Yu‐Chia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to map the extent and range of evidence on the clinical activities performed and types of outcomes evaluated in pharmacist‐involved collaborative care models for diabetes management.MethodsThis scoping review was guided by the five‐stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. Publications in the English language were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL and the databases were searched from inception to 31 May 2022. Abstracts, conference proceedings, brief reports, and commentaries were excluded. Key search terms were “interprofessional collaborative care,” “pharmacist,” “type 2 diabetes,” and “outcome.” Microsoft Excel was used for data charting and descriptive computations were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.ResultsA total of 208 articles were identified, and after excluding 178 articles (and duplicates), 30 articles were reviewed. Most of the studies (56.7%) were conducted in the United States of America and were randomized controlled trials (50.0%) followed by cohort studies (36.7%). The most common clinical activity identified was provision of health‐ and medication‐related education (80.0%), followed by lifestyle counseling (76.7%) and development of individualized care plan and goal setting (63.3%). Other clinical activities were review of laboratory records, medication review and dose adjustments, optimization of medication adherence, minimization of drug‐related problems, identify referral to other care providers, and conduct physical assessments. HbA1c was the most reported clinical outcome (n = 26, 86.7%), with 11 studies evaluating patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) such as medication adherence, diabetes knowledge, self‐care, quality of life, diabetes distress, and treatment satisfaction.ConclusionClinical activities performed by pharmacists were heterogenous across studies and based on patients' needs. While pharmacist‐involved collaborative care models were posited as person‐centric outcome, PROs were lacking in most studies. Evaluating PROs are essential in guiding the implementation of such people‐centric care models.
Dietary phosphate restriction prevents the appearance of sarcopenia signs in old mice
Authors: Alcalde‐Estévez Elena , Sosa Patricia , Asenjo‐Bueno Ana , Plaza Patricia , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Naves‐Díaz Manuel , Olmos Gemma , López‐Ongil Susana , Ruiz‐Torres María P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is defined by the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function associated with aging. We have previously proposed that aging‐related hyperphosphataemia is linked with the appearance of sarcopenia signs. Because there are not effective treatments to prevent sarcopenia, except for resistance exercise, we propose here to analyse whether the dietary restriction of phosphate could be a useful strategy to improve muscle function and structure in an animal model of aging.MethodsFive‐month‐old (young), 24‐month‐old (old) and 28‐month‐old (geriatric) male C57BL6 mice were used. Old and geriatric mice were divided into two groups, one fed with a standard diet (0.6% phosphate) and the other fed with a low‐phosphate (low‐P) diet (0.2% phosphate) for 3 or 7 months, respectively. A phosphate binder, Velphoro®, was also supplemented in a group of old mice, mixed with a standard milled diet for 3 months. Muscle mass was measured by the weight of gastrocnemius and tibial muscles, and quality by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) and histological staining assays. Muscle strength was measured by grip test and contractile properties of the tibialis muscle by electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve. Gait parameters were analysed during the spontaneous locomotion of the mice with footprinting. Orientation and motor coordination were evaluated using a static rod test.ResultsOld mice fed with low‐P diet showed reduced serum phosphate concentration (16.46 ± 0.77 mg/dL young; 21.24 ± 0.95 mg/dL old; 17.46 ± 0.82 mg/dL low‐P diet). Old mice fed with low‐P diet displayed 44% more mass in gastrocnemius muscles with respect to old mice (P = 0.004). NMRI revealed a significant reduction in T2 relaxation time (P = 0.014) and increased magnetization transfer (P = 0.045) and mean diffusivity (P = 0.045) in low‐P diet‐treated mice compared with their coetaneous. The hypophosphataemic diet increased the fibre size and reduced the fibrotic area by 52% in gastrocnemius muscle with respect to old mice (P = 0.002). Twitch force and tetanic force were significantly increased in old mice fed with the hypophosphataemic diet (P = 0.004 and P = 0.014, respectively). Physical performance was also improved, increasing gait speed by 30% (P = 0.032) and reducing transition time in the static rod by 55% (P = 0.012). Similar results were found when diet was supplemented with Velphoro®.ConclusionsThe dietary restriction of phosphate in old mice improves muscle quantity and quality, muscle strength and physical performance. Similar results were found using the phosphate binder Velphoro®, supporting the role of phosphate in the impairment of muscle structure and function that occurs during aging.