bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Контакты Московского Патриархата с региональными христианскими объединениями и международными молодежными христианскими организациями в годы председательства в Отделе внешних церковных сношений митрополита Никодима (Ротова)
Authors: Звонарёв С.Л. 
Published: February 2025

Годы председательства в Отделе внешних церковных сношений митрополита Ленинградского и Новгородского Никодима (Ротова; 1960–1972) были ознаменованы контактами Русской Православной Церкви в межхристианской сфере с региональными экуменическими объединениями, а также молодежными христианскими организациями. В научной литературе эта область международных контактов Московского Патриархата малоизучена. Цель данной статьи — предложить широкому кругу читателей возможность ознакомиться со спецификой межхристианских связей Русской Церкви нач. — 2‑й пол. XX в. в их региональном и молодежном сегменте с опорой на архивные материалы, в первую очередь Архива Отдела внешних церковных связей. Контакты Русской Церкви с региональными межхристианскими объединениями, международными молодежными христианскими организациями стали продолжением отношений со Всемирным советом церквей, служили делу христианского единства. В то же время они позволяли Московскому Патриархату укреплять свой авторитет в странах и на континентах, где наблюдался интерес со стороны советской внешней политики, — США и Европе, Африке и Южной Азии. Это приводило к сопряжению светской и церковной дипломатии.
The years of the chairmanship of Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov) of Leningrad and Novgorod (1960–1972) in the Department for External Church Relations were marked by contacts of the Russian Orthodox Church with regional ecumenical associations and youth Christian organizations in the inter-Christian sphere. This area of international contacts of the Moscow Patriarchate has been little studied in scientific literature. The purpose of this article is to offer general reader an opportunity to familiarize himself with the specifics of inter-Christian relations of the Russian Church in the early second half of the 20th century in their regional and youth segment using archival materials, primarily from the Archive of the Department for External Church Relations. The contacts of the Russian Church with regional inter-Christian associations and international youth Christian organizations were a continuation of relations with the World Council of Churches and served the cause of Christian unity. At the same time, they allowed the Moscow Patriarchate to strengthen its authority in countries and continents where there was interest for the Soviet foreign policy — the United States and Europe, Africa and South Asia. This led to a juxtaposition of secular and ecclesiastical diplomacy.
О проблемах современного подхода к понятию богодухновенности Священного Писания: попытка комплексного анализа
Authors: Хангиреев И.А. 
Published: February 2025

Данная статья представляет собой попытку комплексного анализа ключевого для православного богословия понятия богодухновенности Священного Писания. Анализ ведется в пяти аспектах: догматическом, историческом, текстологическом, каноническом и авторском. В догматическом аспекте автор приходит к выводу, что богодухновенность заключается в воздействии Святого Духа на человеческих авторов Библии, при этом само воздействие могло происходить в разных видах. Исторический аспект остается самым трудным для исследования, т. к. мнение о допустимости исторических погрешностей в Священном Писании остается дискуссионным. В текстологическом аспекте очевидно то, что богодухновенным является текст любых версий или переводов Библии, кроме тех, которые содержат явно антихристианские или кощунственные изменения. Главным в каноническом аспекте является то, что богодухновенными признаются все канонические книги Библии (принятые ветхозаветной и новозаветной Церквями), а конкретные обстоятельства, касающиеся неканонических книг Ветхого Завета, нуждаются в обсуждении. Авторский аспект требует серьезного обсуждения нетрадиционных мнений об авторстве библейских книг, при этом автором статьи допускается возможность богодухновенного воздействия на людей, не являющихся признанными традицией библейскими авторами. Данное исследование может стать предпосылкой для более серьезного и объемного рассмотрения темы богодухновенности, в том числе на общецерковном уровне.
This article attempts to complexly analyze the concept of divine inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, the key one for Orthodox theology. The analysis is carried out in five aspects: dogmatic, historical, textual, canonical and authorial. The dogmatic perspective brings to the conclusion that this inspiration concerns the impact of the Holy Spirit on the human authors of the Bible, with this effect itself being able to take place in different forms. The historical perspective remains the most difficult to study, because the opinion of historical errors in the Holy Scriptures as allowed remains debatable. The textual perspective makes it obvious that the text of any versions or translations of the Bible is divinely inspired, except those containing overtly anti-Christian or blasphemous passages. The main thing about the canonical perspective is that all canonical books of the Bible (adopted by the Old Testament and New Testament Churches) are recognized as inspired by God, while specific circumstances concerning non-canonical books of the Old Testament require serious discussion. In case of the perspective of the article, a serious discussion of non-traditional opinions about the authorship of the biblical books is required, admitting at the same time, the possibility of divinely inspired impact on the people not recognized as biblical authors by the tradition. This study may become a prerequisite for a more serious and comprehensive consideration of the topic of divine inspiration, including consideration at the church-wide level.
Конкуренция и бедность в современном обществе
Authors: Стыров М.М. , Захариев Р.Л. 
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается влияние идей конкуренции на проблему бедности с точки зрения православной христианской веры. Показано, что в Новом Завете бедность предстает не только как беда и наказание, но и как добровольный нестяжательный образ жизни. Вместе с тем «экономоцентричный» общественный уклад формирует новые специфичные черты этой старой проблемы. Погоня за материальными благами и недовольство неравенством усиливает субъективное самоощущение бедности. Стремление предприятий к максимизации прибыли создает постоянную прослойку безработных и различные злоупотребления по отношению к трудящимся. Философия либерализма вкупе с другими факторами продуцирует формирование особой группы социально незащищенных граждан — «прекариата». Классический портрет бедняка как опустившегося, потерянного человека также актуален в современной цивилизации из-за оскудения души и прибегания к различным греховным способам ее утешения. Уместно говорить и о духовно-культурной деградации человека из-за порабощенности материальными заботами и превалирования электронных способов общения. Также требует особого внимания проблема закредитованности людей, утраты ими внутренней и внешней свободы в условиях банковско-капиталистических отношений. Церковь Христова должна по Откровению Божию возвещать людям истинное духовное богатство жизни со Спасителем, а также правильное устроение земных дел через первостепенное искание правды Божией (Мф 6:33).
The article studies the influence of competition ideas on the poverty problem from the perspective of the Orthodox Christian faith. It is shown that poverty in the New Testament appears not only as a misfortune and punishment, but also as a voluntary selfless lifestyle. At the same time, the “economy-centered” social order forms new specific features of this old problem. The pursuit of material goods and dissatisfaction with inequality increases the subjective personal sensation of poverty. Enterprises’ striving to maximize profits creates a constant layer of the unemployed and various abuses of workers. The philosophy of liberalism together with other factors contribute to formation of a special group of socially unprotected citizens — “precariat”. The classic portrait of a poor person as a fallen, lost person is also relevant in modern civilization due to impoverishment of the soul and resorting to various sinful methods of consoling it. It is also appropriate to mention spiritual and cultural degradation of man due to enslavement with material concerns and prevalence of electronic methods of communication. Also the problem of people’s credit load, their loss of inner and outer freedom in banking-capitalist relations requires special attention. According to the Revelation of God, the Church of Christ should proclaim to people the true spiritual riches of life with the Savior, as well as the correct arrangement of earthly deeds by seeking first the truth of God (Mt 6:33).
Hardship in International Commercial Contracts: a Comparative Analysis of the Rules of Non-Legislative Codification
Authors: Alsharqawi Ahmad Hussein , Althabhawi Nabeel Mahdi , Ahamat Haniff 
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study examines hardship in international commercial contracts through non-legislative codifications, specifically the UNIDROIT Principles (PICC), the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), and the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR). It evaluates their effectiveness in regulating contractual imbalances and providing remedies for changed circumstances.

Theoretical Framework: The research is based on contract law principles, particularly pacta sunt servanda and clausula rebus sic stantibus. It explores hardship and force majeure doctrines and assesses the role of non-legislative codifications as soft law in international commerce.

Method: A comparative legal analysis was conducted using bibliometric data from Scopus and Web of Science. The study reviewed legal provisions, case law, and scholarly interpretations of hardship under PICC, PECL, and DCFR, examining their practical application in contract disputes.

Results and Discussion: Findings show that while all three instruments share principles, they differ in addressing hardship. PICC and PECL promote renegotiation and equitable risk distribution, whereas DCFR imposes stricter modification criteria. Judicial and arbitral reliance on these principles is growing.

Research Implications: The study emphasizes harmonizing hardship provisions in international contracts. It highlights the role of non-legislative codifications in fostering legal certainty and fairness, suggesting their integration into contract drafting and dispute resolution.

Originality/Value: This research offers a comparative analysis of hardship in international contracts, providing insights into the legal and practical implications of non-legislative codifications in global commerce.
Exploring King Khalid University Faculty Members’ Perspectives on Consumer Behavior and the Evolution of Marketing Strategies in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Al-Shahrani Sultan Abdullah , Alhaj Ali Albashir Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To explore King Khalid University Faculty’s perspectives on consumer behavior and the evolution of marketing strategies in the age of Artificial Intelligence.

Theoretical Framework: an overview of AI and business, explaining the concept of AI and its role and applications in modern e-business. Furthermore, AI's influence on customer behavior and the evolution of marketing strategies for the business sector is surveyed, encircling the definition of customer, and AI’s application. This in-depth review highlights the role of AI in improving consumer behavior and the evolution of marketing strategies for business sector beside technological evolutions.

Method: The two researchers utilized the descriptive research method for this investigation because it was the most appropriate approach to research the two given objectives and the two study questions.

Results and Discussion: The results revealed that AI-driven tools, such as deep learning algorithms, automatize continuous tasks like distribution, content creation, and user behavior analytics, enabling marketers to focus on higher-ranking sustained efforts.

Research Implications: This study might have implications in proposing suggestions to faculty members, managers, researchers, economists, business analysts, entrepreneurs, and more to make use of AI technologies in their field because the incorporation of AI can greatly enhance their knowledge and skills to achieve professional development.

Novelty/Originality: This study is among the first to explore staff members’ perspectives on consumer behavior and the evolution of marketing strategies in the age of Artificial Intelligence in the business sector.
Immigrants’ Positive Impact on Economic Development and Their Integration as a Step Toward SDG10: The Case of Albania
Authors: Abdul Marsida , Abdul Entela 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: As is human nature, the movement of population from one area to another and from one country to another is continuous. Economic development, globalization, transfer of knowledge, technological revolution, but also climate changes, have increased the stock of immigration during the last years to levels never seen before. While immigration often sparks debates and controversies, the economic contribution of immigrants is undeniable. UN’s SDG 10 states that planned and well-managed migration policies are necessary to achieve effective integration of immigrants and thus benefit from their full potential.

Objective: This paper explores the complex relationship between immigrants' economic contributions and public attitudes toward them, emphasizing the importance of their integration into the host society.

Theoretical Framework: The importance of immigrant integration has led many studies to evaluate how different countries involve immigrants in national development. As mentioned in SDG 10, by embracing diversity, promoting inclusion, and investing in integration policies, nations can harness the transformative power of immigration for collective benefit. This paper’s literature review highlights immigrants’ roles in fostering economic growth, innovation, and entrepreneurship, while also addressing the challenges they face, particularly in Albania, where immigration remains a relatively new phenomenon.

Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises of a survey designed to evaluate Albanians’ perceptions regarding the impact that immigrants have in Albania’s economy and the general attitude toward them.

Results and Discussion: Survey results reveal a mix of acceptance and prejudice, with many respondents recognizing immigrants’ economic value but expressing concerns about integration barriers such as prejudice, discrimination, and limited public policies. Despite these challenges, there is significant potential for successful integration, as evidenced by favorable attitudes toward collaboration and economic contributions.

Originality/Value: Ultimately, the study underscores the need for comprehensive integration policies that address legal, social, and cultural challenges while fostering public awareness and inclusion. By doing so, countries like Albania can maximize the benefits of immigration, both economically and socially, paving the way for a more equitable and inclusive society.
The Influence of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance in Vocational High Schools: a Sustainability Perspective in Enhancing Educational Performance
Authors: Suyetno  , Ekohariadi  , Wrahatnolo Tri , Suhartini Ratna 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This research aims to analyze the influence of Servant Leadership on work performance in Vocational High Schools, emphasizing the sustainability of leadership practices. Servant Leadership, which prioritizes the well-being and development of employees, is increasingly gaining attention in the education sector, particularly at the vocational high school level, where leadership quality significantly affects the sustainability of work performance and organizational growth. This study is grounded in the assumption that Servant Leadership not only enhances motivation but also fosters a work environment conducive to long-term performance improvement and sustainability.

Methods: This study employs a quantitative approach using survey methods. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to employees at several Vocational High Schools in East Java. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, consisting of 159 school principal respondents from a population of 2,161. The questionnaire utilized a 4-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using SEM PLS 4.0 to examine the relationship between Servant Leadership and work performance.

Results: The results indicate a significant positive influence of Servant Leadership on work performance in Vocational High Schools in East Java. Employees led by principals who embody Servant Leadership principles demonstrate higher levels of performance, which contributes to a sustainable work environment. Additionally, Persuasive mapping (SL4) and Emotional healing (SL2) are key dimensions of Servant Leadership, with the highest impact on fostering sustainable work performance. In terms of work performance, Work attitude (WP6) and Compliance with policies and procedures (WP8) show the strongest loading factor values, indicating their critical role in measuring and sustaining long-term work performance.

Novelty: This research contributes to the understanding of educational leadership in Indonesia, particularly within the context of Vocational High Schools. The findings expand the limited literature on the relationship between Servant Leadership and work performance, particularly with an emphasis on sustainability in the educational sector. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights for education policymakers, suggesting that leadership strategies rooted in Servant Leadership principles can promote both effective work performance and sustainable practices in educational institutions. Thus, this research offers empirical evidence of the significance of Servant Leadership as a strategy to improve work performance and ensure the sustainability of educational quality in schools.
Designing Blended Morphology Course as a Sustainable Course Model to Achieve Quality Education (SDG 4) in the Era of Industrial Revolution 5.0
Authors: Mulyono  , Yulianto Bambang , Cahyo Anggoro Abiyyu Ristio 
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to describe the development process and evaluate the quality of a blended learning-based Morphology course as a sustainable course model to achieve SDG 4 in the era of the Industrial Revolution 5.0.

Theoretical Framework: This research is based on blended learning in the context of modern education, problem-based learning as a pedagogical approach, and learning's contribution to SDG 4.

Method: This research uses Research and Development (R&D) methods. The development model used is the Recursive, Reflective, Design, and Development (R2D2) design model. The subjects of this research were 42 students of the Indonesian Literature Study Program class of 2023 at Surabaya State University who took a Morphology Course.

Results and Discussion: The development of blended learning-based Morphology courses successfully meets the needs of education in the era of Society 5.0. This model improves the quality of learning through the integration of technology and problem-based learning. The approach is relevant to student competencies and supports the achievement of SDG 4.

Research Implications: The blended learning model developed in this research contributes to the achievement of SDG 4, particularly in creating a more inclusive and adaptive education.

Originality/Value: This research contributes to the literature by presenting an innovative Morphology blended learning model relevant to the digital era. The integration of PBL and technology offers a new approach to meet the needs of education in the Society 5.0 era.
Criminal Excise Sanctions in the Perspective of Ultimum Remedium: Forward-Looking and Backward-Looking Approaches in Indonesia for Sustainable Economic Justice (SDG 8 & SDG 16)
Authors: Oktovianus Jims , Muhadar  , Ruslan Achmad , Naswar  
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the nature and regulation of criminal sanctions in the Excise sector in Indonesia and evaluate their effectiveness in achieving the objectives of criminalization. Despite legal provisions mandating fines for excise violations, many convicted offenders opt for imprisonment instead of paying fines, leading to ineffective recovery of state revenue losses.

Theoretical Framework: The study is based on legal theories concerning criminal sanctions, including deterrence theory and restorative justice. It also examines the principle of state supervision in tax and excise law enforcement, which ensures compliance while balancing economic interests.

Method: This research adopts a normative legal approach, relying on primary legal materials (laws and regulations), secondary legal materials (legal literature and research reports), and non-legal materials relevant to the study. The analysis method is qualitative, focusing on legal interpretation and doctrinal analysis.

Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that excise criminal sanctions are grounded in the principle of enforcement and supervision, ensuring compliance with excise regulations. However, the current system presents challenges in recovering state losses, as imprisonment does not contribute to financial restitution. The study highlights the need for a dual approach: a forward-looking perspective that strengthens deterrence and a backward-looking approach that prioritizes state revenue recovery through effective fine enforcement.

Research Implications: This study supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) by promoting a more effective legal framework. It also contributes to SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by ensuring excise compliance supports economic sustainability.

Originality/Value: This research provides a novel perspective on excise criminalization by integrating deterrence and restorative justice, offering policy recommendations for balancing legal enforcement with economic considerations.