bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and tolerability of moderate intensity regular physical exercise as treatment for core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Svedell L. A. , Holmqvist K. L. , Lindvall M. A. , Cao Y. , Msghina M. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with sedentary lifestyle, low quality of life and low physical fitness. Studies in children with ADHD have shown that regular physical exercise can help reduce core ADHD symptoms, but evidence for this is lacking in adults. Although guidelines recommend multi-modal treatment, central stimulants (CS) remain the mainstay of treatment. CS are effective in the short-term, but their long-term efficacy remains to be established. There is thus huge unmet need for developing non-pharmacological treatment options, and for well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs).ObjectiveThe study aimed to test the feasibility and tolerability of structured moderate-intensity 12-week physical exercise program for adults with ADHD, as a prelude to an adequately powered RCT which includes long-term follow-up.Materials and methodsFourteen adults with ADHD were recruited, 9 randomized to an intervention group and 5 to a control group. The intervention group received physiotherapist-led 50-minute mixed exercise program, three times a week for 12 weeks, and the control group treatment as usual. Participants were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks using clinical and physical evaluations, self-rating questionnaires, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with paradigms that tested attention, impulsivity and emotion regulation.ResultsThree participants (21%) dropped out shortly after inclusion before receiving any intervention, while roughly 80% completed the intervention according to protocol. One participant from the intervention group participated in less than 60% of treatment sessions, and one who had done baseline fMRI was unwilling to do post-intervention imaging. Four participants in the intervention group (67%) reported increased stress in prioritizing the intervention due to time-management difficulties. Overall, consistent trends were observed that indicated the feasibility and potential benefits of the intervention on core ADHD symptoms, quality of life, body awareness, sleep and cognitive functioning.ConclusionPhysiotherapist-led twelve-week regular physical exercise is a feasible and potentially beneficial intervention for adults with ADHD. There was a 20% drop-out initially and 67% of those who completed the intervention reported stress with time management difficulties due to participation. A third arm was thus added to the planned RCT where cognitive intervention administered by an occupational therapist will be given together with physical exercise.Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05049239.
A seven-gene prognosis model to predict biochemical recurrence for prostate cancer based on the TCGA database
Authors: He Yijun , Zhang Jinxiong , Chen Zhihao , Sun Kening , Wu Xin , Wu Jianhong , Sheng Lu 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe incidence rate of prostate cancer is increasing rapidly. This study aims to explore the gene-associated mechanism of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy and to construct a biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer prognostic model.MethodsThe DEseq2 R package was used for the differential expression of mRNA. The ClusterProfiler R package was used to analyze the functional enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to explore related mechanisms. The Survival, Survminer, and My.stepwise R packages were used to construct the prognostic model to predict the biochemical recurrence-free probability. The RMS R package was used to draw the nomogram. For evaluating the prognostic model, the timeROC R package was used to draw the time-dependent ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic curve).ResultTo investigate the association between mRNA and prostate cancer, we performed differential expression analysis on the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Seven protein-coding genes (VWA5B2, ARC, SOX11, MGAM, FOXN4, PRAME, and MMP26) were picked as independent prognostic genes by regression analysis. Based on their Cox coefficient, a risk score formula was proposed. According to the risk scores, patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the median score. Kaplan–Meier plot curves showed that the low-risk group had a better biochemical recurrence-free probability compared to the high-risk group. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year AUCs (areas under the ROC curve) of the model were 77%, 81%, and 86%, respectively. In addition, we built a nomogram based on the result of multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we select the GSE46602 dataset as our external validation. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year AUCs of BCR-free probability were 83%, 82%, and 80%, respectively. Finally, the levels of seven genes showed a difference between PRAD tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues.ConclusionsThis study shows that establishing a biochemical recurrence prediction prognostic model comprising seven protein-coding genes is an effective and precise method for predicting the progression of prostate cancer.
Comparative observation of common tracers in sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer and a study on simplifying its surgical procedure
Authors: Sun Shuo , Bai Jiming , Wang Xiang 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundMany breast cancer patients have avoided axillary lymph node dissection after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). During the SLNB operation, the color of lymphatic vessels is sometimes poor and so finding them is difficult. This study observed the tracing effects of three tracer combinations and also reported our experience in simplifying the SLNB program.MethodsIn total, 123 breast cancer patients whose TNM stage was cT1–2N0M0 were retrospectively studied. According to the tracer used, the patients were divided into the carbon nanoparticle (CNP) group (38 cases), CNP combined with methylene blue (CNP + MB) group (41 cases), and indocyanine green combined with MB (ICG + MB) group (44 cases). All 123 breast cancer cases were also classified into the non-tracking group (53 cases) and tracking group (70 cases) according to the SLNB operation process. The non-tracking group looked for the stained sentinel lymph nodes directly, while the tracking group looked for the stained lymph nodes along the lymphatic vessels.ResultsThe SLN identification rates in the CNP, CNP + MB, and ICG + MB groups were 97.4%, 97.6%, and 95.5% respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The average number of SLNs detected was 4.92 ± 2.06, 5.12 ± 2.18, and 4.57 ± 1.90, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The ideal display rates of lymphatic vessels in the three groups were 86.8%, 87.8%, and 93.2%, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The SLN identification rates in the non-tracking and tracking groups were 96.2% and 97.1%, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The average number of SLNs detected were 5.73 ± 1.76 and 5.70 ± 1.93, respectively (P &gt; 0.05), and the average operation time was 16.47 ± 5.78 and 27.53 ± 7.75 min, respectively (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis is the first study to observe the application effect of CNP combined with MB and ICG combined with MB tracers in SLNB of breast cancer patients. No significant difference was observed among the patients in SLN identification and lymphatic vessel display. Omitting the step of searching for lymphatic vessels in SLNB surgery does not reduce the surgical effect, but the reduced operating steps can reduce the surgical time and theoretically reduce postoperative complications.
Transcriptome analysis of perirenal fat from Spanish Assaf suckling lamb carcasses showing different levels of kidney knob and channel fat
Authors: Alonso-García María , Suárez-Vega Aroa , Fonseca Pablo A. S. , Marina Héctor , Pelayo Rocío , Mateo Javier , Arranz Juan-José , Gutiérrez-Gil Beatriz 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionSuckling lamb meat is highly appreciated in European Mediterranean countries because of its mild flavor and soft texture. In suckling lamb carcasses, perirenal and pelvic fat depots account for a large fraction of carcass fat accumulation, and their proportions are used as an indicator of carcass quality.Material and MethodsThis study aimed to characterize the genetic mechanisms that regulate fat deposition in suckling lambs by evaluating the transcriptomic differences between Spanish Assaf lambs with significantly different proportions of kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) depots in their carcasses (4 High-KKCF lambs vs. 4 Low-KKCF lambs).ResultsThe analyzed fat tissue showed overall dominant expression of white adipose tissue gene markers, although due to the young age of the animals (17–36 days), the expression of some brown adipose tissue gene markers (e.g., UCP1, CIDEA) was still identified. The transcriptomic comparison between the High-KKCF and Low-KKCF groups revealed a total of 80 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The enrichment analysis of the 49 DEGs with increased expression levels in the Low-KKCF lambs identified significant terms linked to the biosynthesis of lipids and thermogenesis, which may be related to the higher expression of the UCP1 gene in this group. In contrast, the enrichment analysis of the 31 DEGs with increased expression in the High-KKCF lambs highlighted angiogenesis as a key biological process supported by the higher expression of some genes, such as VEGF-A and THBS1, which encode a major angiogenic factor and a large adhesive extracellular matrix glycoprotein, respectively.DiscussionThe increased expression of sestrins, which are negative regulators of the mTOR complex, suggests that the preadipocyte differentiation stage is being inhibited in the High-KKCF group in favor of adipose tissue expansion, in which vasculogenesis is an essential process. All of these results suggest that the fat depots of the High-KKCF animals are in a later stage of development than those of the Low-KKCF lambs. Further genomic studies based on larger sample sizes and complementary analyses, such as the identification of polymorphisms in the DEGs, should be designed to confirm these results and achieve a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying fat deposition in suckling lambs.
Three New Species of Jainus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) Parasitizing Gills of Brazilian Freshwater Fishes Supported by Morphological and Molecular Data
Authors: Yamada Priscilla de Oliveira Fadel , Müller Maria Isabel , Zago Aline Cristina , Yamada Fabio Hideki , Ebert Mariana Bertholdi , Franceschini Lidiane , da Silva Reinaldo José 
Published: May 2023

The present study describes three new species of monogeneans parasitizing the gills of anostomid fishes from the Upper Paraná River basin, southeastern Brazil: Jainus beccus n. sp. and Jainus radixelongatus n. sp. on Leporinus friderici, Leporinus octofasciatus, Leporinus striatus, and Megaleporinus elongatus; and Jainus ornatus n. sp. on L. friderici. The new species differ from other congeners by the morphology of the accessory piece. There is a semicircular distal portion resembling a “bird’s beak” in Jainus beccus n. sp. It composed of two subunits—one ventral and more sclerotized, sickle-shaped, and another dorsal with three projections—in Jainus radixelongatus n. sp. There are two elongated and sclerotized subunits, both of which have a sickle-shaped distal portion, in Jainus ornatus n. sp. Supplementary observations not reported in the original descriptions of the type-species Jainus piava Karling, Bellay, Takemoto & Pavanelli, 2011 are proposed, as follows: the presence of a thin and delicate ventral bar, which can vary greatly in shape; an accessory piece not articulated with the MCO’s base. This paper provides the first phylogenetic study based on LSU rDNA and COI mtDNA gene sequences for Jainus, improving and clarifying the understanding of host–parasite relationships in neotropical characiforms.
A Distance Vector Hop-Based Secure and Robust Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Asif Rameez , Farooq-i-Azam Muhammad , Chaudary Muhammad Hasanain , Husen Arif , Hassan Syed Raheel 
Published: May 2023

Location information of sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network is important. The sensor nodes are usually required to ascertain their positions so that the data collected by these nodes can be labeled with this information. On the other hand, certain attacks on wireless sensor networks lead to the incorrect estimation of sensor node positions. In such situations, when the location information is not correct, the data may be labeled with wrong location information that may subvert the desired operation of the wireless sensor network. In this work, we formulate and propose a distance vector hop-based algorithm to provide secure and robust localization in the presence of malicious sensor nodes that result in incorrect position estimation and jeopardize the wireless sensor network operation. The algorithm uses cryptography to ensure secure and robust operation in the presence of adversaries in the sensor network. As a result of the countermeasures, the attacks are neutralized and the sensor nodes are able to estimate their positions as desired. Our secure localization algorithm provides a defense against various types of security attacks, such as selective forwarding, wormhole, Sybil, tampering, and traffic replay, compared with other algorithms which provide security against only one or two types. Simulation experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, and the results indicate that our secure localization algorithm achieves the design objectives successfully. Performance of the proposed method is also compared with the performance of basic distance vector hop algorithm and two secure algorithms based on distance vector hop localization. The results reveal that our proposed secure localization algorithm outperforms the compared algorithms in the presence of multiple attacks by malicious nodes.
Non-Destructive Quality Evaluation of 80 Tomato Varieties Using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Duckena Lilija , Alksnis Reinis , Erdberga Ieva , Alsina Ina , Dubova Laila , Duma Mara 
Published: May 2023

Traditional biochemical methods are resource- and time-consuming; therefore, there is a need for cost-effective alternatives. A spectral analysis is one of the non-destructive techniques that are more widely used for fruit quality determination; however, references are needed for traditional methods. In this study, visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the internal quality attributes of tomatoes. For the first time, 80 varieties with large differences in fruit size, shape, color, and internal structure were used for an analysis. The aim of this study was to develop models suitable to predict a taste index, as well as the content of lycopene, flavonoids, β-carotene, total phenols, and dry matter of intact tomatoes based on Vis-NIR reflectance spectra. The content of phytochemicals was determined in 80 varieties of tomatoes. A total of 140 Vis-NIR reflectance spectra were obtained using the portable spectroradiometer RS-3500 (Spectral Evolution Inc.). Partial least squares regression (PLS) and multiple scatter correction (MSC) were used to develop calibration models. Our results indicated that PLS models with good prediction accuracies were obtained. The present study showed the high capability of Vis-NIR spectroscopy to determine the content of lycopene and dry matter of intact tomatoes with a determination coefficient of 0.90 for both parameters. A regression fit of R2 = 0.86, R2 = 0.84, R2 = 0.82, and R2= 0.73 was also achieved for the taste index, flavonoids, β-carotene, and total phenols, respectively.
Evaluation of the Biological Properties of an Optimized Extract of Polygonum cuspidatum Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction
Authors: Fletes-Vargas Gabriela , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Rogelio , Pacheco Neith , Pérez-Larios Alejandro , Espinosa-Andrews Hugo 
Published: May 2023

Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in plants that have potential health benefits such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and immune reinforcement. Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. is a source rich in resveratrol, traditionally consumed as an infusion. In this study, P. cuspidatum root extraction conditions were optimized to increase antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS+), extraction yield, resveratrol concentration, and total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) via ultrasonic-assisted extraction using a Box–Behnken design (BBD). The biological activities of the optimized extract and the infusion were compared. The optimized extract was obtained using a solvent/root powder ratio of 4, 60% ethanol concentration, and 60% ultrasonic power. The optimized extract showed higher biological activities than the infusion. The optimized extract contained 16.6 mg mL−1 resveratrol, high antioxidant activities (135.1 µg TE mL−1 for DPPH, and 230.4 µg TE mL−1 for ABTS+), TPC (33.2 mg GAE mL−1), and extraction yield of 12.4%. The EC50 value (effective concentration 50) of the optimized extract was 0.194 µg mL−1, which revealed high cytotoxic activity against the Caco-2 cell line. The optimized extract could be used to develop functional beverages with high antioxidant capacity, antioxidants for edible oils, functional foods, and cosmetics.
Universitas
Authors: Paquot Thierry 
Published: May 2023

Le mot « université » désigne aussi bien le lieu où se déroule l’enseignement supérieur que la relation entre un enseignant et un ou plusieurs enseignés. Avec la massification des études post-baccalauréat, l’université est devenue une institution démesurée qui peine à retrouver ce qui caractérisait son origine. Retour sur l’histoire de l’université pour mieux en anticiper le devenir…
L’enseignement supérieur divise : généralisation des études, différenciation des jeunesses
Authors: Millet Mathias 
Published: May 2023

Cet article se propose de faire, à grands traits, le bilan de quelques évolutions récentes de l’enseignement supérieur. Satisfaire à cet exercice impose d’abord de prendre la mesure des transformations quantitatives qui l’ont marqué ces dernières décennies. Mais si la croissance rapide du nombre d’étudiants depuis les années 2000 s’apparente à une « troisième explosion scolaire », celle-ci emporte aussi des changements de nature plus qualitative sur lesquels il faut s’arrêter. C’est bien, en effet, le sens et la place que les études supérieures prennent désormais dans les trajectoires et les attentes des nouvelles générations qui se trouvent modifiés. L’article revient également sur la manière dont les changements structurels de l’enseignement supérieur ont fait de celui-ci un nouveau lieu d’injonctions normatives autour, par exemple, de l’orientation, de l’innovation pédagogique ou de l’entrepreneuriat. Il souligne enfin combien les transformations de l’enseignement supérieur se réalisent dans un contexte en apparence paradoxal : ouvert au plus grand nombre, ce dernier est aussi plus segmenté, les inégalités et divisions inscrites dans son organisation y prenant une acuité toute particulière.
Parcoursup et la reconfiguration des inégalités dans l’enseignement supérieur français
Authors: Frouillou Leïla 
Published: May 2023

À partir d’une synthèse de travaux récents sur Parcoursup, cet article invite à considérer plus largement la reconfiguration des inégalités dans l’enseignement supérieur français. Parcoursup étend en effet la sélection sur dossier scolaire à l’ensemble des formations du supérieur, y compris les licences jusqu’ici accessibles avec le baccalauréat. Dans un contexte de croissance démographique étudiante et de saturation de certaines capacités d’accueil, le classement de tou·te·s les candidat·e·s par toutes les formations peut se lire comme une accentuation de la mise en concurrence. Cela peut se traduire, dans les contextes denses comme la région parisienne et pour les formations saturées comme le droit, par de fortes évolutions dans les caractéristiques scolaires des publics. Ainsi, en essayant d’articuler une histoire des dispositifs d’orientation et d’affectation à celle des moments de massification du système scolaire, ce texte propose une réflexion sur une récente reconfiguration des inégalités scolaires en France, liée à un « nouvel âge de la sélection » marquant notamment l’entrée dans le supérieur.
Réformes de l’université : transformations des géographies d’un service public français
Authors: Vergnaud Camille , Noûs Camille 
Published: May 2023

L’approche géographique des politiques publiques à l’égard des universités françaises a un temps visé la répartition et l’homogénéisation des établissements pour favoriser un équilibre territorial et une égalité d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur dans un contexte de démocratisation et de massification étudiante après la seconde guerre mondiale. Ces objectifs – articulant modèle universitaire et conception républicaine du service public – sont aujourd’hui transformés à l’aune de la compétitivité et de la visibilité internationale. La gestion de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche s’appuie désormais sur la sélection par mise en compétition, et sur la concentration des financements pour favoriser quelques établissements uniquement, considérés comme plus performants. Cet article questionne cette nouvelle logique présentée comme inégalitaire, mais juste, et montre que sa traduction spatiale remet en cause les principes d’équivalence, d’équité et d’équilibre territorial. Encouragées à développer leurs ressources propres et à se distinguer dans la compétition organisée par l’État, les universités se tournent davantage vers leurs territoires d’ancrage, développant à leur égard des stratégies territoriales. Un détour par le cas des universités privées à but non lucratif états-uniennes, ayant une obligation d’intérêt général et une implication territoriale bien plus marquée qu’en France, met en avant les ambivalences, voire les tensions possibles entre des objectifs de financement et de promotion de l’établissement par le territoire (financements, image de marque, visibilité), et les missions académiques de l’institution.
Les instituts universitaires de technologie : des spécificités originelles aux transformations récentes
Authors: Tralongo Stéphanie 
Published: May 2023

Les instituts universitaires de technologie (IUT) ont été créés en France dans les années 1960 dans une perspective de diversification des premiers cycles universitaires et de mise en dialogue avec le monde des entreprises. Plus de cinquante ans d’existence permettent de dresser une synthèse des spécificités originelles aux transformations les plus récentes, balayant à la fois les dimensions institutionnelles, organisationnelles, pédagogiques, sans oublier les caractéristiques des publics accueillis. Généralement reconnus pour la visée professionnalisante des formations, les IUT sont aujourd’hui en pleine transformation : le diplôme universitaire de technologie (DUT) bascule en bachelor universitaire de technologie (BUT), au moyen de la mobilisation massive d’une approche par compétences. La question reste ouverte des manières par lesquelles cette approche va être mise concrètement en place et permettre de traiter des problématiques d’inégalités des chances et de réussite des étudiants.