bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of film music in the development of music in global perspective
Authors: Saini Aarti 
Published: May 2023

Music is making its identity in the whole world today and international music conferences are also being organized at different places globally. Music is a medium of dissemination of cinema, civilization and culture. Music and film (cinema) have become a very powerful medium of global dissemination and promotion of Indian civilization and culture in the present times. Because we get glimpses of Indian identity in cinema and film music is very much liked in foreign countries. The concept of Indian civilization and culture is incomplete without music. Cinema is working as a bridge between our culture and foreign culture. Cinema is the carrier of brotherhood and universal brotherhood. To establish dialogue with world culture, Chitrapat has made immense efforts to display Indian cultural values and diversity on the international platform. Because of all the forms of entertainment in human history, film music is the pinnacle of them all. And by transcending the boundaries of the drama genre, cinema can accurately capture unimaginable cinematography. Movies like Avatar, Robot, Titanic present a very perfect example of this. Camera and imagination are amazing in these films.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
संगीत आज पूरे विश्व में अपनी पहचान बनाये हुए है और विश्व स्तर पर जगह जगह अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगीत सम्मेलनों का आयोजन भी हो रहा है। संगीत सिनेमा, सभ्यता एवं संस्कृति के प्रसार का एक माध्यम संगीत है। संगीत और चित्रपट (सिनेमा) भारतीय सभ्यता एवं संस्कृति तीनों के ही वैश्विक प्रसार एवं प्रचार का वर्तमान समय में एक बहुत ही सशक्त माध्यम बन गया है। क्योंकि भारतीय अस्मिता की झलकिया हमें चित्रपट (सिनेमा) में मिलती है ओर चित्रपट संगीत को विदेशों में बहुत पसंद किया जाता है। भारतीय सभ्यता और संस्कृति की अवधारणा संगीत के बिना अधूरी है। हमारी संस्कृति और विदेशी संस्कृति के बीच चित्रपट (सिनेमा) एक सेतु का कम कर रहा है। चित्रपट भाईचारों और विश्व बंधुत्व का सवाहक है। विश्व संस्कृति से संवाद स्थापित करने के लिए चित्रपट ने अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मंच पर भारतीय संस्कृतिक मूल्यों एवं विविधता को प्रदर्शित करने का असीम प्रयास किया है। क्योंकि मानव इतिहास में मनोरंजन के सभी साधनों में चित्रपट संगीत उन सब से चरम उत्कर्ष है। और नाटक विधा की सीमाओं को लांघकर सिनेमा सटीक कल्पनातीत चलचित्रांकन कर सकता है। अवतार, रोबोट, टायटनिक जैसी फिल्मे इसका बहुत सटीक उदाहरण प्रस्तुत करती है। इन फिल्मों में कैमरा और कल्पनाओं का कमाल है।
Keywords: संगीत, सिनेमा, सभ्यता, संस्कृति
Spiro metric Tests and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in sample of Iraqi Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Authors: Weheeb Muhanned A. , Sultan Kassim M. , Al.Obaidy Muhammed W. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable disease with some significant extra pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients.. The systemic manifestations of COPD include a number of endocrine disorders , such as those involving the pituitary, the thyroid , the gonads, the adrenals and the pancreas. The mechanisms by which COPD alters endocrine function are incompletely understood but likely involve hypoxemia , hypercapnia , systemic inflammation and glucocorticoid administration.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between pulmonary function tests and thyroid gland function in patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Subjects and Methods: Cross sectional study was done in Baghdad teaching hospital from April 2012 to October 2012 in respiratory outpatient. Thirty eight patients were included in the study (36 male and 2 females) who had stable COPD , thyroid function tests and FEV1% were done to all of them. Patients were classified into four groups according to GOLD criteria: mild COPD ( > 80) FEV1% , moderate (80 – 50)%, severe ( 50 – 30)% and very severe < 30%.
Results: one patient has decreased level of TSH , one patient has decreased T3 hormone and one patient has increased free T3 hormone level, all other patient had normal thyroid hormones levels. The results of study showed no significant changes in thyroid hormones concentrations with COPD and its severity.
Conclusion: We found no significant changes in thyroid hormones in patients with COPD, and any changes that occur in TFT in these patients are may be due to other causes than COPD.
Why Mature Galaxies Seem to have Filled the Universe shortly after the Big Bang — A New Cosmological Model, that Predicted the JWST Observations
Authors: Pletcher Arthur 
Published: May 2023

Recent observations from the first dataset, provided by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) of six massive galaxies, at a time in the early universe, seem to defy conventional cosmological models, as they appear to be as mature and developed as our own local group. This article provides a mathematical model, which actually predicted such mature galaxies in a 2022 preprint, prior to these recent observations. As well, this model also predicts discrepancies between theoretical and observed galaxy rotation curves with apparent increased energy density.The Azimuthal Projection Model of Universe is conceptualized as a \(\mathbb{R}^4\) (four spatial) dimensional hypershere, azimuthally projected onto a \(\mathbb{R}^3\) (three spatial) dimensional sphere, and is shown to match the Universal expansion rate, as established from supernova cosmology survey points. This parsimonious model requires only a few assumptions, excluding dark energy to satisfy the Cosmological Constant \(\Lambda\).This novel model conceives the universe as a higher dimensional dynamic with spacetime as a projection, rather than as an arrow from absolute beginning of the big bang.Red-shifting is alternatively proposed as azimuthal angular projections of wavelengths \(\lambda\). Accelerated Universal Expansion is alternatively proposed, as azimuthal projections of meridians, asymptotical to a horizon, and Lambert's cosine law of luminous intensity. A radical implication of this model is that azimuthal angular projections are positional dependent, and thus it's conceivable that apparent distances between galaxies vary with the location of the observer (see figure 3). A potential proof is described from the Hubble Tension; Discrepancies between visible spectra red-shifting of cepheid variables (the most recent calculation is \(Ho=74.03 \pm 1.42km/sec/Mpc\)), and from temperature fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) (which are calculated to be \(Ho=68.7 \pm 1.3km/sec/Mpc\)), which resolves the discrepancy by recalibrating redshift data from supernova Cosmology survey points.
Riemann Hypothesis on Grönwall's Function
Authors: Vega Frank 
Published: May 2023

Grönwall's function \(G\) is defined for all natural numbers \(n > 1\) by \(G(n)=\frac{\sigma(n)}{n \cdot \log \log n}\) where \(\sigma(n)\) is the sum of the divisors of \(n\) and \(\log\) is the natural logarithm. We require the properties of extremely abundant numbers, that is to say left to right maxima of \(n \mapsto G(n)\). We also use the colossally abundant and hyper abundant numbers. A number \(n\) is said to be colossally abundant if, for some \(\epsilon > 0\), \(\frac{\sigma(n)}{n^{1 + \epsilon}} \geq \frac{\sigma(m)}{m^{1 + \epsilon}}\) for all \(m > 1\). Let us call hyper abundant an integer \(n\) for which there exists \(u > 0\) such that \(\frac{\sigma(n)}{n \cdot (\log n)^{u}} \geq \frac{\sigma(m)}{m \cdot (\log m)^{u}}\) for all \(m > 1\). The Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part \(\frac{1}{2}\). It is considered by many to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics. There are several statements equivalent to the famous Riemann hypothesis. We state that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if there exist infinitely many consecutive colossally abundant numbers \(3 \leq N < N'\) such that \(G(N) \leq G(N')\). In addition, we prove that the Riemann hypothesis is true when there exist infinitely many hyper abundant numbers \(n\) with any parameter \(u \gtrapprox 1\). We claim that there could be infinitely many hyper abundant numbers with any parameter \(u \gtrapprox 1\) and thus, the Riemann hypothesis would be true.
A Escola do Trabalho: formação humana em Marx de Caio Antunes
Authors: Cardoso Daniela Ferreira 
Published: May 2023

<span class="fontstyle0">Na obra </span><span class="fontstyle2">“A Escola do Trabalho: formação humana em Marx” </span><span class="fontstyle0">(2018), o autor Caio Antunes tem como foco uma questão: “como Karl Marx concebe a problemática da educação?”. Ancorado em trabalhos marxistas clássicos, o pesquisador realiza um excelente trabalho. A obra está dividida em três capítulos e foi abrilhantada com um prefácio escrito pelo professor Dr. Dermeval Saviani.</span> <br /><br />
RANCANG BANGUN COFFEE MAKER OTOMATIS BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO R3 DENGAN KONTROL SUARA
Authors: Amien Toriqul , Bakhri Syaiful , Ardianto Donie Agus , Tandayu Rivandi Hangky 
Published: May 2023

Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian menginformasikan bahwa konsumsi kopi Indonesia diprediksi terus tumbuh ke depannya dengan rata-rata sebesar 8,22 persen per tahunnya. Dengan meningkatnya konsumsi akan kopi ini maka dibutuhkan coffee maker yang dapat memanjakan para penikmat kopi, oleh karena itu dibuatlah rancang bangun coffee maker otomatis menggunakan kontrol suara berbasis Arduino Uno R3. Dari hasil perancangan diketahui bahwa arduino Uno R3 dapat digunakan sebagai sistem utama pada coffee maker dengan input suara berupa aplikasi di handphone yang dihubungkan dengan bluetooth HC-05 pada alat coffee maker dengan jarak koneksi maksimal adalah 13,8 meter serta presentase speech recognition sebesar 78% dan dapat dikontrol dengan bluetooth dari handphone dengan proses selama ± 28 detik..Kata kunci: pembuat kopi; arduino uno R3; motor servo; motor stepper; bluetooth module HC-05.
Quantifying Compressibility and Slip in Multiparticle Collision (MPC) Flow Through a Local Constriction
Authors: Akhter Tahmina , Rohlf Katrin 
Published: May 2023

<p>The flow of a compressible fluid with slip through a cylinder with an asymmetric local constriction has been considered both numerically, as well as analytically. For the numerical work, a particle-based method whose dynamics is governed by the multiparticle collision (MPC) rule has been used together with a generalized boundary condition that allows for slip at the wall. Since it is well known that an MPC system corresponds to an ideal gas and behaves like a compressible, viscous flow on average, an approximate analytical solution has been derived from the compressible Navier–Stokes equations of motion coupled to an ideal gas equation of state using the Karman–Pohlhausen method. The constriction is assumed to have a polynomial form, and the location of maximum constriction is varied throughout the constricted portion of the cylinder. Results for centerline densities and centerline velocities have been compared for various Reynolds numbers, Mach numbers, wall slip values and flow geometries. </p>
Becoming lost and found: Peace, Christianity, and anti-oppression
Authors: Pon Gordon 
Published: May 2023

<p>This paper argues that interrogating the concepts of peace and forgiveness reveals tensions in anti-oppressive discourses around secularity versus Christian beliefs, as well as dogmatic tendencies in anti-oppression. Concepts such as peace and forgiveness are seldom engaged with due to anti-oppression’s regulatory framework that is premised on a secular/sacred binarism. Peace and forgiveness are concepts that can trouble the secular/sacred binary, render anti-oppressive identities more capacious, and augment discussions of self-reflectivity.</p>
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Hiding and seeking: Children's lived experiences during COVID-19
Authors: Koller Donna , Grossi Maxime , van den Heuvel Meta , Wong Peter 
Published: May 2023

<p>A qualitative study explored the perspectives and lived experiences of school-age children during COVID-19 using a child rights lens. Twenty children between the ages of 7 and 12 participated in open-ended, virtual interviews. Our hermeneutic analysis found children's right to play and education were severely compromised leaving children to navigate between two worlds: the adult world of public health restrictions and that of their childhood. Despite challenges and lost childhood opportunities, children emerged as competent social agents and responsible citizens. Planning for future pandemics should include policies and practices that balance public health needs with the protection of children's rights.</p>
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Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Kelas VII Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Aljabar
Authors: Seran Yustinus , Mamoh Oktovianus , Nahak Selestina 
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitiaan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas VII SMPK St. Yosef Noemuti dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada materi aljabar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas VII SMPK St. Yosef Noemuti. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, yaitu menjelaskan mengenai deskripsi kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis dari sumber data yang telah diamati dan dokumen terkait lainnya kemudian dikaji seringkas mungkin untuk menjawab permasalahan. Subjek yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 siswa, yaitu siswa berkemampuan tinggi, siswa berkemampuan sedang dan siswa berkemampuan rendah. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data primer. Instrument pengumpulan data menggunakan tes pemahaman konsep, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kemampuan pemahaman konsep pada materi aljabar untuk siswa kelas VII SMPK St. Yosef Noemuti sebagai berikut: Peresentase menyatakan ulang konsep sebesar 87% dengan kategori baik, peresentase mengklasifikasikan objek sesuai dengan konsepnya sebesar 62% dengan kategori cukup, peresentase member contoh dan non contoh dari konsep sebesar 19% dengan kategori kurang, peresentase menyajikan konsep dalam berbagai bentuk representase matematika sebesar 12% dengan kategori sangat kurang, peresentase menggunakan, memanfaatkan dan memilih prosedur tertentu sebesar 0% dengan kategori sangat kurang.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP Negeri 2 Tasifeto Timur Pada Materi Geometri
Authors: Araujo Juanina De , Mamoh Oktovianus , Fitriani Fitriani 
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Tasifeto Timur dengan menerapkan model Problem Based Learning pada materi Geometri. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), yang dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 2 Tasifeto Timur. Data yang digunakan yaitu data hasil tes kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dan data hasil observasi disetiap siklus. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes dan instrumen observasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik tes dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data hasil tes dan analisis data hasil pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran matematika dengan model Problem Based Learning. Rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dan persentase ketuntasan kelas dari siklus I hingga siklus III telah melewati standar yang ditentukan yakni rata-rata kelas 59,44 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas 37,50% pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 73,75 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas 79,17% pada siklus II dan meningkat menjadi 83,33 dengan persentase 100% pada siklus III. Sedangkan hasil observasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada siklus I rata-rata aktivitas siswa 2,33 kategori cukup. Pada siklus II rata-rata aktivitas siswa 3,17 kategori baik. Pada siklus III rata-rata aktivitas siswa 3,50 kategori sangat baik.
Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa Berbasis Masalah pada Materi Bilangan Pecahan
Authors: Anggraini Atika , Syofiana Mardiah , Ramadianti Winda 
Published: May 2023

Kemampuan penalaran memiliki peran penting dalam tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran, namun danya siswa yang kurang memahami dan menggunakan nalar dengan baik menyebabkan siswa gagal menguasai pokok bahasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa berbasis masalah dalam meneyelesaikan permasalahan pada materi bilangan pecahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumennya berupa hasil studi dokumentasi yaitu LKS dengan soal kemampuan penalaran matematis pada saat pembelajaran matematika dan wawancara. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bengkulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan siswa dapat menyelesaikan soal permasalahan kemampuan penalaran dengan kategori sedang, masih terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang mereka lewatkan sehingga jawaban yang dihasilkan kurang tepat.
Analisis Coverability Tree Petri Net Sistem Antrian Loket Pendaftaran Rumah Sakit X Di Kota Kupang
Authors: Haning Farly Oktriany , Lobo Maria , Rahmawati Suci , Sinu Elisabeth Brielin 
Published: May 2023

Model petri net dari sistem antrian di loket pendaftaran pasian pada suatu rumah sakit di Kota Kupang telah dikonstruksi. Analisis coverability tree dari petri net tersebut perlu dilakukan untuk melihat apakah sistem yang telah dibangun sesuai dengan kenyataan dan dapat terus berlangsung (liveness) atau dapat terjadi deadlocks. Adapun langkah-langkah penelitian ini dimulai dengan melakukan studi literatur terkait analisis petri net dan pengamatan alur layanan pada loket pendaftaran pasien. Selanjutnya, membentuk petri net dari alur layanan menggunakan bantuan software PIPE.V.4.3.2.0. Kemudian matriks incidence diperoleh dengan mengurangkan entri pada matriks representasi forward incidence ( ) dengan entri matriks backward incidence ( ) dari petri net. Matriks digunakan untuk analisis coverability tree dengan menggunakan vektor keadaan awal ( ) sebagai simpul pertama dari tree. Simpul berikutnya dihasilkan jika terdapat transisi enable yang di-fire. Keadaan awal merupakan vektor keadaan saat belum ada transisi yang di-fire. Dinamika petri net yang terjadi dimodelkan dalam coverability tree. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah tidak terjadi deadlocks pada sistem karena selalu ada transisi yang enable atau dapat di-fire yaitu transisi kedatangan pasien. Pada coverabilty tree yang dihasilkan, keadaan setelah pendaftaran selesai dilakukan sama dengan vektor keadaan awal.
Medical Management of Incomplete Abortion Using Pervaginal Misoprostol in Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Mamataz Zakia , Hosain Suman Nazmul , Bhattacharjee Sulekha , Aktar Jahanara , Akhtar Rowshan 
Published: May 2023

Background: A miscarriage is a pregnancy that ends before the baby can survive outside the womb because it has not yet reached viability. A miscarriage may be early - during the first 14 weeks of pregnancy, or late. Objective of the study was to see the outcome of pervaginal misoprostol in the medical management of incomplete abortion.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between July and December 2015 on patients with incomplete abortion, who wanted to undergo medical management at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. 100 consecutive incomplete abortion cases, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Information about management with per vaginal misoprostol, possible side effects and success rate was given to the women. 600 microgram misoprostol was given per vaginally. Interval between administration of misoprostol and expulsion of product of conception was recorded.
Result: The mean age was found 25.0±6.4 years and the mean gestational age was found 10.2±2.0 weeks. The mean duration of bleeding was found 8.6±10.9 days. No side effect was found in 86 (86%), nausea in 7(7%), vomiting in 5 (5%) and cramping in 2 (2%) patients. For majority (76%) of the patients, single dose of Misoprostol was enough to achieve the goal. However, 24 patients didn’t respond and received a second dose. The mean induction expulsion interval was 10.83±5.45 hours. Retained product of conception was found in 14 patients. Medical management failed in these 14 patients and ultimately Dilatation & Curettage (D & C) was done.
Conclusion: Pervaginal Misoprostol is as effective as method of treating incomplete abortion at uterine size of <12 weeks. Treatment with misoprostol can reduce the demand for surgical evacuation in cases of incomplete abortion. The acceptability of misoprostol appears higher. Pervaginal Misoprostol appears suitable for the treatment of incomplete abortion in the developing countries.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2021; Vol. 36(1): 42-48
Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Respiratuvar Distres Sendromu Tanısıyla Takip Edilen Prematüre Yenidoğanların Surfaktan Cevabının Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZDE Şükriye , ÜNAL Nurcan , SAV Nadide Melike , ÇAKMAK Hatice Mine , TÜRAY Sevim 
Published: May 2023

Amaç: Preterm doğum yenidoğan ölümlerinin önde gelen nedenidir. Bu ölümlerin arasında en yüksek oran solunum sıkıntısı sendromu’ na (RDS) aittir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenidoğanlarda RDS yönetiminin en uygun ve etkin hale getirilmesine yardımcı olmak için; RDS’nin risk faktörlerini, klinik özelliklerini ve komplikasyonlarını belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya ikinci düzey yenidoğan yoğun bakım servisimizdeki Ocak 2016 ile Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebekler alındı. Olgular geriye dönük incelenerek, demografik özellikleri, verilmiş olan tedaviler (mekanik ventilasyon, surfaktan), ve erken ve geç komplikasyonları; ölüm oranları ve sebepleri belirlendi.
Bulgular: Toplam 130 olgu çalışmaya alındı. Yüzde altmış ikisi erkek, %38’i kızdı.Yüzde 85’i sezaryen doğum, % 15’inde normal vajinal yoldu. Ortalama doğum ağırlığı 2043±372 gr, ortalama gebelik haftası 32±5 hafta bulundu. Antenatal steroid (ACS), %67,6' sında uygulanmıştı.Yüzde otuzüçünde erken membran rüptürü (EMR) saptandı. Erken ve geç komplikasyonlar; %3,8’inde ventilatöre bağlı pnömoni ve %3’ünde pnömotoraks idi.Yüzde 4,6’ında ise sepsis saptandı. Bronkopulmoner displazi (BPD) %2,3, Prematür Retinopatisi (ROP) %1,5, periventriküler lökomalazi %1,7 ile intrakraniyal kanama (IKK evre III-IV) %2 olarak görüldü. Ölüm oranı %10’du.
Sonuç: Ölüm oranlarımız; ülkemizden yayınlanan verilerle benzer olarak bulundu. Doğum öncesi izlemin iyileştirilmesi, gebe takiplerinin düzenli yapılması, sık görülen ölüm nedenleri için risklerin tespit edilip bunlara karşı yeterli ve etkin önlemlerin alınması durumunda ölüm oranlarımızın azalacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Türkiye'nin Kuzeybatı Bölgesinde Yaşayan Bir Grup Popülasyonda Taurodontizm Prevalansının Araştırılması
Authors: ÇOLAKOĞLU Gizem , YOL Enes , MEŞELİ Süleyman Emre 
Published: May 2023

Amaç: Bu retrospektif çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin kuzeybatısında yaşayan bir grup Türk popülasyonunun büyük azı dişlerindeki taurodontizm (TD) prevalansını tespit etmek, cinsiyetler ile çeneler ve dişler arasındaki dağılımını belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Dijital panoramik radyografi (OPG) görüntüleri üzerinde, Shifman ve Chanannel tarafından geliştirilen TD indeksindeki kriterler dikkate alınarak üst ve alt birinci ve ikinci büyük azı dişlerindeki TD varlığı ve tipi araştırılmıştır. Pearson Ki-kare ve Fisher-Freeman-Halton-Exact testleri istatistik için kullanılmıştır ve istatistiksel anlamlılık p