bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A highly accurate quantum optimization algorithm for CT image reconstruction based on sinogram patterns
Authors: Jun Kyungtaek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) has been developed as a nondestructive technique for observing minute internal images in samples. It has been difficult to obtain photorealistic (clean or clear) CT images due to various unwanted artifacts generated during the CT scanning process, along with the limitations of back-projection algorithms. Recently, an iterative optimization algorithm has been developed that uses an entire sinogram to reduce errors caused by artifacts. In this paper, we introduce a new quantum algorithm for reconstructing CT images. This algorithm can be used with any type of light source as long as the projection is defined. Assuming an experimental sinogram produced by a Radon transform, to find the CT image of this sinogram, we express the CT image as a combination of qubits. After acquiring the Radon transform of the undetermined CT image, we combine the actual sinogram and the optimized qubits. The global energy optimization value used here can determine the value of qubits through a gate model quantum computer or quantum annealer. In particular, the new algorithm can also be used for cone-beam CT image reconstruction and for medical imaging.
Activation of oxidoreductases by the formation of enzyme assembly
Authors: Ura Tomoto , Sakakibara Nanako , Hirano Yu , Tamada Taro , Takakusagi Yoichi , Shiraki Kentaro , Mikawa Tsutomu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiological properties of protein molecules depend on their interaction with other molecules, and enzymes are no exception. Enzyme activities are controlled by their interaction with other molecules in living cells. Enzyme activation and their catalytic properties in the presence of different types of polymers have been studied in vitro, although these studies are restricted to only a few enzymes. In this study, we show that addition of poly-l-lysine (PLL) can increase the enzymatic activity of multiple oxidoreductases through formation of enzyme assemblies. Oxidoreductases with an overall negative charge, such as l-lactate oxidase, d-lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate oxidase, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, each formed assemblies with the positively charged PLL via electrostatic interactions. The enzyme activities of these oxidoreductases in the enzyme assemblies were several-folds higher than those of the enzyme in their natural dispersed state. In the presence of PLL, the turnover number (kcat) improved for all enzymes, whereas the decrease in Michaelis constant (KM) was enzyme dependent. This type of enzyme function regulation through the formation of assemblies via simple addition of polymers has potential for diverse applications, including various industrial and research purposes.
When, where, and which climate activists have vandalized museums
Authors: Kinyon Lily , Dolšak Nives , Prakash Aseem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSome climate groups have employed disruptive but non-violent tactics to draw public attention to the slow progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In 2022, a new disruptive tactic emerged: vandalizing art and museums. In this Brief Communication, we describe the key findings which are based on an exhaustive search of media articles and social media postings. We find that almost all 38 reported incidents occurred during May–December 2022, with protests peaking around the COP 27 conference in Sharm El Sheikh, November 6–18. Once the COP conference was over, museum incidents dwindled to only three in December. Museum vandalism took place in eleven countries, nine of which are in Europe. Even within Europe, 60% of the incidents occurred in just three countries: Germany, Italy, and the U.K. We find sixteen groups were involved in these incidents, but three groups account for 58% of them: Ultima Generazione (Italy and Vatican), Just Stop Oil (the U.K.), and Letzte Generation (Germany). Importantly, these groups are part of the A22 network, which suggests the possibility of some informal coordination on the staging and timing of museum events. None of the legacy environmental groups (such as Greenpeace) are involved in museum protests, although historically some have staged dramatic events to garner media attention.
Anisotropic charge transfer and gate tuning for p-SnS/n-MoS2 vertical van der Waals diodes
Authors: Yuan Hui , Xu Ruihan , Ren Jiale , Yang Jielin , Wang Shouyang , Tian Dongwen , Fu Yingshuang , Li Quan , Peng Xiaoniu , Wang Xina 
Published: September 2023

p-SnS/n-MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure diodes with an ideality factor of ∼ 1.1 and high rectification ratio have been achieved, where a strong gate-dependent anisotropic rectification property has been tuned with the SnS channel length.
Long non-coding RNA and ribosomal protein genes in a yeast ageing model: an investigation for undergraduate research-based learning
Authors: Hwang Gwo-Jiunn H. , Clyne Rosemary K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The unicellular yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe are widely used eukaryotic model organisms. Research exploiting the tractability of these model systems has contributed significantly to our understanding of a wide range of fundamental processes. In this article, we outline the features of yeast that have similarly been exploited for undergraduate research training. We selected examples from published literature that demonstrate the utility of the yeast system for research-based learning embedded in the curriculum. We further describe a project which we designed for the team-based final-year dissertation projects module on our transnational joint programme, which investigates whether the expression and functions of the budding yeast RPL36 ribosomal protein paralogs are influenced by the overlapping long non-coding RNA genes. Students carry out the experimental procedures in a 2-week timetabled teaching block and exercise widely applicable biochemical techniques, including aseptic yeast cell culture and sample collection, RNA isolation, qRT-PCR quantitation, protein extraction and Western blot analysis, and cell cycle progression patterns using light microscopy and flow cytometry. It is challenging to design training programmes for undergraduates that are meaningful as well as practical and economical, but it is possible to transform active research projects into authentic research experiences. We consider yeast to be an ideal model organism for such projects. These can be adapted to the constraints of course schedules and explore fundamental biochemical topics which are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals.
A Comparison of Sound Production Treatment and Metrical Pacing Therapy for Apraxia of Speech: A Single-Case Experimental Design
Authors: King Charlotte R. , Wambaugh Julie L. , Maas Edwin 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of two specific treatment protocols for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS): Sound Production Treatment (SPT) and Metrical Pacing Therapy (MPT), and to examine changes in communicative participation.Method:Four speakers with chronic AOS and aphasia were each administered SPT and MPT in a replicated crossover design (ABACA/ACABA) with nonconcurrent multiple baselines across participants and behaviors. Treatment outcomes were compared with respect to whole word correctness (WWC) for treated and untreated multisyllabic word targets. Speech intelligibility was assessed using the Chapel Hill Multilingual Intelligibility Test, and communicative participation was measured using the Communicative Participation Item Bank at baseline, washout, and follow-up phases.Results:Three of the four participants experienced statistically significant improvements in WWC with SPT, and three of the four participants with MPT. Based on a priori criteria, three participants demonstrated relatively greater benefit from SPT and one participant demonstrated relatively greater benefit from MPT. There were measurable improvements in intelligibility following SPT for three of the four participants. Only one participant in this investigation reported a significant change in communicative participation, and only following MPT.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that individuals in the chronic stages of AOS can benefit from both SPT and MPT, corroborating prior research on articulatory kinematic and rate and/or rhythm control treatment approaches. It contributes a comparison of two protocols for AOS with respect to whole word targets, intelligibility, and individual self-report of communicative participation changes. More participants showed a relative advantage of SPT over MPT. One individual reported communicative participation improvement after MPT.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23971929
The Development of Predictive Gender Processing Strategies During Noun Phrase Decoding: An Eye-Tracking Study With German 5- to 10-Year-Old Children
Authors: Günther Thomas , Kirschenkern Annika , Mayer Axel , Steinke Frederike , Cholewa Jürgen 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:Many models of language comprehension assume that listeners predict the continuation of an incoming linguistic stimulus immediately after its onset, based on only partial linguistic and contextual information. Their related developmental models try to determine which cues (e.g., semantic or morphosyntactic) trigger such prediction, and to which extent, during different periods of language acquisition. One morphosyntactic cue utilized predictively in many languages, inter alia German, is grammatical gender. However, studies of the developmental trajectories of the acquisition of predictive gender processing in German remain a few.Method:This study attempts to shed light on such processing strategies used in noun phrase decoding among children acquiring German as their first language by examining their eye movements during a language–picture matching task (N= 78, 5–10 years old). Its aim was to confirm whether the eye movements indicated the presence of age-specific differences in the processing of a gender cue, provided either in isolation or in combination with a semantic cue.Results:The results revealed that German children made use of predictive gender processing strategies from the age of 5 years onward; however, the pace of online gender processing, as well as confidence in the predicted continuation, increased up to the age of 10 years.Conclusion:Predictive processing of gender cues plays a role in German language comprehension even in children younger than 8 years.
An overview on bipedal gait control methods
Authors: Hu Chenghao , Xie Sicheng , Gao Liang , Lu Shengyu , Li Jingyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBipedal gait control has always been a very challenging issue due to the multi‐joint and non‐linear structure of humanoid robots and frequent robot–environment interactions. To realise stable and robust bipedal walking, many aspects including robot modelling, gait stability and environmental adaptivity should be considered to design the gait control method. In this paper, a general description of bipedal gait and the corresponding evaluation indicators are introduced. Moreover, the existing bipedal gait control methods are classified into model‐based gait, stability criterion‐based gait and learning strategy‐based gait and a comprehensive review is conducted. Finally, the existing challenges and development trends of bipedal gait control are presented.
A method for detecting two‐dimensional plane stress distribution in basin‐type insulator based on critically refracted longitudinal wave
Authors: Kang Zhaoyang , Ren Fuqiang , Zhang Hongru , Yang Jingjing , Hou Kaining , Li Qingquan , He Dongxin , Liu Hongshun , Zhao Yongzhi , Wen Huaxin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBasin‐type insulator often has small cracks due to stress concentration. The current method cannot accurately reflect the stress condition of the insulator to find the stress concentration areas. To solve these problems, a method for detecting two‐dimensional plane stress (δ1 and δ2) within different depth ranges in a basin‐type insulator is proposed based on critically refracted longitudinal (LCR) wave. First, the acoustoelastic equation characterising the relationship between the variation of LCR wave propagation time and the plane stress was derived. Next, the propagation characteristics of LCR wave in epoxy resin samples were investigated. Then, the stress distribution within different depth ranges of the insulator subjected to hydraulic load was measured using the proposed method, including direction (θ), δ1 and δ2. The results show that the magnitude of the stress alone cannot accurately characterise the stress state. Points with equal distances to the centre have similar stress magnitudes, but their directions are not the same. With increasing depth, θ remains essentially unchanged at the same location, while δ1 and δ2 decrease, and the rate of decrease varies at different locations. Comparing the measured and simulated data, the results showed that they were in good agreement, and the maximum errors of stress value and θ were 0.69 MPa and 2.97°, respectively, which confirmed the feasibility and accuracy of the stress detection in the proposed method.
The unusual 3D distribution of NaCl around the asymptotic giant branch star IK Tau
Authors: Coenegrachts A. , Danilovich T. , De Ceuster F. , Decin L. 
Published: September 2023

Context. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a diatomic molecule with a large dipole moment, which allows for its detection even at relatively low abundances. It has been detected towards several evolved stars, including the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IK Tau, around which it is distributed in several clumps that lie off-centre from the star.
Aims. We aim to study the 3D distribution of NaCl around the AGB star IK Tau and determine the abundance of NaCl relative to H2 for each of the clumps.
Methods. First, a new value for the maximum expansion velocity was determined. The observed ALMA channel maps were then de-projected to create a 3D model of the distribution of NaCl. This model was then used as input for the radiative transfer modelling code Magritte. We determined the NaCl abundances of each of the clumps by comparing the observations with the results of the Magritte simulations.
Results. We derive an updated value for the maximum expansion velocity of IK Tau: υexp = 28.4 ± 1.7 km s−1. A spiral-like shape can be discerned in our 3D distribution model of NaCl. This spiral lies more or less in the plane of the sky, with the distribution flatter in the line-of-sight direction than in the plane of the sky. We find clump abundances of between 9  ×  10−9 and 5  ×  10−8 relative to H2; the relative abundance is typically lower for clumps closer to the star.
Conclusions. This is the first time de-projection has been used to understand the 3D environment of molecular emission around an AGB star and to calculate the fractional abundance of NaCl in clumps surrounding the star.
Early Clinical Experience with Gas-STAT™
Authors: Clark Charles L. , O’Brien Jerry , McCulloch James , Webster Michael , Gehrich John L. 
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and report on the Gas-STAP™ continuous blood gas and pH monitoring system. This system was tested for accuracy, stability and reproducibility during extracorporeal circulation when compared to intermittent blood gas sampling. The Gas-STAT was used in conjunction with 44 clinical cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. There were 261 arterial and 259 venous blood samples obtained for analysis.
Early results comparing Gas-STAT versus intermittent samples analyzed on an IL813 blood gas analyserb showed less than ideal correlation. With continued clinical experience and further system refinements, data agreement improved substantially. This system provides valuable information to the perfusion team. Continuous blood gas and pH readings give the perfusionist immediate visualization of the effects of therapeutic interventions. Changes in gas flows and mixtures, blood flow, perfusate temperatures, hemodilution and the effects of pharmacologic agents all can affect the acid base and blood gas status of the patient. This system can be calibrated and employed without any substantial increase in time required by the perfusionist.
In Vitro Comparison of the Blood Handling by the Constrained Vortex and Twin Roller Blood Pumps
Authors: Hoerr Harry R. , Kraemer Michael F. , Williams J. Lynne , Sherman Mary L. , Riley Jeffrey B. , Crowley Jeffrey C. , Soronen Scott W. 
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 316-321 Fall 1987, 30 ref.) Several authors and manufacturers refer to the superior blood handling capability of the constrained vortex blood pump (CVP) design compared to the roller pump (RP). Little, if any, scientific evidence has been presented to support this thinking. The hypothesis that the RP and the CVP are equivalent in regard to trauma to blood cellular elements and proteins was tested. The RP, a Cobe Roller Pump (CRP), was tested utilizing a new longterm formulation of PVC tubing. Two models of the CVP were tested, the Bio-Medicus Centrifugal Pump (BCP) and the Sarns Centrifugal Pump (SCP).
Similar circuits were constructed for the three pumps and fresh human blood was recirculated at 35°C for 48 hours. The circuits allowed control of pH, pCO2, pO2 and after load. An aliquot of test blood was maintained at 35°C for a control. The results from three separate trials were computed.
The BCP test blood exhibited less hemolysis (p<.05) than the CRP blood after 16 hours. The contents of all test circuits exhibited a significant increase in hemolysis over time (p<.01) and all circuits exhibited more hemolysis than the control (p<.03) after 16 hours. All 3 pumps were equivalent in platelet factor IV release. The CRP showed a significant decrease in convertible fibrinogen over time (p = .02). There was no significant difference (p>.05) in the titer of clottable fibrinogen between the other groups.
The SCP and the CRP were equivalent with regard to blood handling for up to 32 hours of in vitro recirculation. The BCP caused less alteration of red blood cells and fibrinogen than the SCP and CRP.
Is Your Oxygenator Failing? Diagnosis and Suggested Treatment
Authors: Higgins Michael , Tyndal Charles M. , Berryessa Richard G. , Hydrick Dan R. 
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 330-337 Fall 1987, 3 ref.) Oxygenator failure during open heart surgery can be a serious complication but one with which perfusionists should be prepared to deal. We hypothesize that oxygenators are often replaced unnecessarily and when they are performing within the manufacturers' specifications. This suspicion was confirmed by surveying several oxygenator manufacturers. Discriminating between oxygenator and nonoxygenator problems is critical. In the face of the correct diagnosis of oxygenator failure a simple, safe, expedient, and familiar method of replacement is needed.
By using the gas transfer equations one can determine if the oxygenator is transfering adequate gas, after other associated problems are considered and ruled out.
After oxygenator failure has been diagnosed, a plan for replacement which has previously been established and practiced should be implemented. We studied 2 techniques for hollow fiber membrane oxygenation (HFMO) replacement and found the risk of micro-air, as a result of the changeout procedure, decreased when the new oxygenator was vacuumed.
The purpose of this paper is to help identify when/if an oxygenator is failing and suggest a planned replacement drill to help minimize confusion, delay and possible complications. We will also present a technique for decreasing the risk of micro-air which may result from a quick oxygenator changeout.
Limb Salvage in Osteogenic Sarcoma of Extremities: A New Therapeutic Approach Associating Infusion and Hyperthermic Antiblastic Perfusion
Authors: Vaglini M. , Bacci G. , Baldini M. , Belli F. , Cascinelli N. , Nava M. , Picci P. , Santinami M. , Campanacci M. 
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 338-347 Fall 1987, 49 ref.) From August 1983 to September 1986, 17 patients affected by osteogenic sarcoma of extremities were admitted to our Division with only surgical alternatives of amputation or disarticulation due to the impressive local extension of disease.
Trying to avoid this procedure we started a program of limb salvage as follows: two cycles of intraarterial cis-platinum (CCDP) plus systemic high dose of methotrexate (HDMTX) followed by hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion (HAP) with high dose COOP and for the majority of patients 2 more cycles of systemic HDMTX + COOP with or without radiotherapy on the primary.
Immediate response, evaluated both in terms of necrosis and of clinical and radiologic reduction of the tumor mass, was so impressive that in 10 patients it was possible to perform a conservative surgery, en bloc resection of the primary tumor plus endoprosthesis, with a satisfactory functional and cosmetic result.
None ofthe patients relapsed locally; 8 developed lung metastases that, whenever possible, were resected.
Uterine Leiomyomata as a Cause of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in the Postpartum Period
Authors: Hui Mason , Sibai Baha , Montealegre Alvaro , Leon Mateo G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUterine leiomyomas are common benign smooth muscle tumors that often occur during the reproductive years. Although many cases may not result in significant complications, negative pregnancy outcomes have been associated with the size and location of the fibroids. Degeneration of fibroids can occur as early as the late first trimester when they undergo significant volumetric growth, contributing to pain during pregnancy. While myomectomy is typically avoided during pregnancy, conservative management with anti-inflammatory medications may be effective. Surgical removal or preterm delivery may be necessary if symptoms persist. Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a rare condition characterized by sustained elevated intra-abdominal pressure leading to organ failure. Although ACS resulting from large-volume leiomyomas in the postpartum period has not been previously described, we present a case of a 25-year-old patient with massive uterine fibroids who required indicated preterm delivery via primary cesarean section at 25 weeks gestation. Her postpartum course was complicated by ACS, requiring emergent surgical decompression. When a large fibroid burden is present during pregnancy or in the postpartum period, ACS should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Early diagnosis and timely surgical decompression are necessary to prevent organ dysfunction and worsening maternal outcomes.