bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbances of phosphatidylcholines metabolism in major depressive disorder
Authors: Wang Yue , Chen Xiangyu , Chen Zhi , Yu Heming , Tian Yu , He Yong , Cheng Ke , Xie Peng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a common neuropsychiatry disorder with high prevalence and recurrence rate, but the misdiagnosis rate is inevitable due to the shortage of objective laboratory-based diagnostic criteria. This study is focused on the disturbance of lipid metabolism, providing potential biomarkers for diagnosing.MethodsLipid metabolism-related molecules in plasma of 42 drug-naïve MDD patients and 49 healthy people were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Further to evaluate the diagnostic values of changed metabolites, these molecules were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Based on the significant role of phosphatidylcholine (PC) disturbance in depression, oxidization of PCs, oxidation of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC), IL-8 and caspase-3 in hippocampus, and serum of chronic lipopolysaccharide (cLPS) depression mice were detected by ELISA.ResultsCompared with healthy control, MDD patients expressed higher 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (16:0-16:0 PC, DPPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (16:0-20:4 PC, PAPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (16:0-18:0 PC), glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate, and lower 1-heptadecanoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LPC 20:0). The 16:0-20:4 PC showed the great diagnostic value for MDD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9519, and combination of 16:0 PC, 16:0-18:0 PC, and 16:0-20:4 PC exhibited the highest diagnostic value with AUC of 0.9602. OxPAPC was certified increase in hippocampus and serum of cLPS depression mice, which further supported PCs disorder participated in depression.ConclusionThis research offers 16:0-20:4 PC as the latent diagnostic indicator for MDD and hints the important role of PCs in depression.
The Impact of Urbanization on Mesoscale Convective Systems in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China: Insights Gained From Observations and Modeling
Authors: Xian Tian , Guo Jianping , Zhao Runze , Su Tianning , Li Zhanqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUrbanization is an important factor that may influence the formation and development of clouds and precipitation. In this study, we focus on studying the influence of urbanization on mesoscale convective systems (MCS) over the Yangtze River Delta region in China under different synoptic conditions using a combination of radiosonde, meteorological station, and satellite observations. It demonstrates that synoptic forcing can be used to distinguish the effect of land cover and land use on MCS. When the synoptic‐scale forcing is weak, the urban heat island (UHI) is the main factor affecting the vertical development of clouds. The UHI decreases atmospheric stability and enhances horizontal convergence, invigorating clouds over and downwind of cities. On the other hand, when strong synoptic‐scale forcing is present, buildings in cities cause clouds to bifurcate upwind of cities, moving around them, primarily through their dynamic effects. The heights of cloud tops in central and downwind parts of cities thus drop. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations of different atmospheric forcings also demonstrate similar patterns around major urban areas. The joint analyses of observations and model simulations provide new insights into the net effects of urbanization on cloud systems.
The Role of Mineral Dust Aerosol Particles in Aviation Soot‐Cirrus Interactions
Authors: Kärcher B. , Marcolli C. , Mahrt F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPredicting cirrus cloud properties with confidence requires a sound understanding of the relative roles of homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation. This study explores the effect of mineral dust and contrail‐processed aviation soot particles as ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) competing with liquid solution droplets in cirrus formation. We study aerosol‐cirrus interactions by accounting for atmospheric variability in updraft speeds and INP number concentrations. Our results confirm the dominant role of mineral dust in ice nucleation events in cirrus clouds. In addition, we show that pre‐existing thin cirrus may suppress ice formation when updraft speeds are low. We find that homogeneous freezing of liquid solution droplets dominates clear‐sky aerosol‐cirrus interaction above a threshold updraft speed determined by total number concentrations and ice nucleation abilities of INPs. When mineral dust particles exceed number concentrations of 10 L−1, they reduce homogeneously nucleated ice crystal numbers significantly and even prevent homogeneous freezing for frequently observed local updraft speeds between 10 and 20 cm s−1. When both mineral dust and aviation soot particles coexist with solution droplets, dust typically prevents ice nucleation by aviation soot. Aviation soot exerts a notable impact on cirrus ice numbers only if updrafts are weak, large soot particles are present in number concentrations that are considerably higher than typically observed in emission measurements, and/or number concentrations of mineral dust and other INPs are low. Overall, our results elucidate the role of aviation soot‐cirrus interactions in the presence of other INP types.
Low Sea Surface Salinity Event of the Japan Sea During the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Zheng Junyong , Guo Xinyu , Yang Haiyan , Du Kailun , Mao Xinyan , Jiang Wensheng , Sagawa Takuya , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Varlamov Sergey M. , Abe‐Ouchi Ayako , Chan Wing‐Le 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAbnormal lightening of the oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) of planktonic foraminifera during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21 kyr BP) suggests that the Japan Sea had experienced a low sea surface salinity event at that time. However, the exact value and timing of minimum salinity have been controversial so far. To address this issue, we adopt a simple box model and reconstruct the sea surface salinity in the Japan Sea (SJP) over the past 35 kyr with a focus on the LGM period. In particular, as input data for the box model, the inflow transport through the Tsushima Strait (Q) is converted from sea level evolution using a newly defined relationship, in which Q reduces non‐linearly with the sea level reduction through a dynamically‐constrained realistic ocean model. Meanwhile, another input data of the box model, sea surface freshwater flux (precipitation minus evaporation (P‐E) evolution), is obtained by averaging multi‐paleoclimate models (PMIP3 and MIROC4m models) results. The reconstructed SJP using the box model reached its minimum value (20.2) at 20 kyr BP with a high coefficient of determination (R2) for δ18O (0.81, p << 0.01). Further analysis demonstrates that the above non‐linear relationship, determined by h3/2 (h is the strait depth), promises a more reasonable reconstruction of the SJP evolution. It is also concluded that both the value and timing of the minimum SJP depend on the Q evolution, and the P‐E evolution can modify the former. Therefore, the combination of Q and P‐E determines the exact value and timing of minimum salinity.
Linking specific biological signatures to different childhood adversities: findings from the HERO project
Authors: de Mendonça Filho Euclides José , Pokhvisneva Irina , Maalouf Christina Maria , Parent Carine , Mliner Shanna B. , Slopen Natalie , Williams David R. , Bush Nicole R. , Boyce William Thomas , Levitt Pat , Nelson Charles A. , Gunnar Megan R. , Meaney Michael J. , Shonkoff Jack P. , Silveira Patricia Pelufo ,   on behalf of the JPB Research Network on Toxic Stress
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Although investigations have begun to differentiate biological and neurobiological responses to a variety of adversities, studies considering both endocrine and immune function in the same datasets are limited.

Methods
Associations between proximal (family functioning, caregiver depression, and anxiety) and distal (SES-D; socioeconomic disadvantage) early-life adversities with salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and hair HPA markers (cortisol, cortisone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) were examined in two samples of young U.S. children (N = 142; N = 145).

Results
Children exposed to higher SES-D had higher levels of TNF-α (B = 0.13, p = 0.011), IL-1β (B = 0.10, p = 0.033), and DHEA (B = 0.16, p = 0.011). Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher cortisol (B = 0.08, p = 0.033) and cortisone (B = 0.05, p = 0.003). An interaction between SES-D and family dysfunction was observed for cortisol levels (p = 0.020) whereby children exposed to lower/average levels of SES-D exhibited a positive association between family dysfunction and cortisol levels, whereas children exposed to high levels of SES-D did not. These findings were partially replicated in the second sample.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that these biological response systems may react differently to different forms of early-life adversity.

Impact

Different forms of early-life adversity have varied stress signatures, and investigations of early-life adversities with inflammation and HPA markers are lacking.

Children with higher socioeconomic disadvantage had higher TNF-α, IL-1β, and DHEA.

Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher hair cortisol and cortisone levels, and the association between family dysfunction and cortisol was moderated by socioeconomic disadvantage.

Biological response systems (immune and endocrine) were differentially associated with distinct forms of early-life adversities.
Nucleic acid drug vectors for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases
Authors: Lu Zhi-Guo , Shen Jie , Yang Jun , Wang Jing-Wen , Zhao Rui-Chen , Zhang Tian-Lu , Guo Jing , Zhang Xin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNucleic acid drugs have the advantages of rich target selection, simple in design, good and enduring effect. They have been demonstrated to have irreplaceable superiority in brain disease treatment, while vectors are a decisive factor in therapeutic efficacy. Strict physiological barriers, such as degradation and clearance in circulation, blood-brain barrier, cellular uptake, endosome/lysosome barriers, release, obstruct the delivery of nucleic acid drugs to the brain by the vectors. Nucleic acid drugs against a single target are inefficient in treating brain diseases of complex pathogenesis. Differences between individual patients lead to severe uncertainties in brain disease treatment with nucleic acid drugs. In this Review, we briefly summarize the classification of nucleic acid drugs. Next, we discuss physiological barriers during drug delivery and universal coping strategies and introduce the application methods of these universal strategies to nucleic acid drug vectors. Subsequently, we explore nucleic acid drug-based multidrug regimens for the combination treatment of brain diseases and the construction of the corresponding vectors. In the following, we address the feasibility of patient stratification and personalized therapy through diagnostic information from medical imaging and the manner of introducing contrast agents into vectors. Finally, we take a perspective on the future feasibility and remaining challenges of vector-based integrated diagnosis and gene therapy for brain diseases.
Evolution of snow algae, from cosmopolitans to endemics, revealed by DNA analysis of ancient ice
Authors: Segawa Takahiro , Yonezawa Takahiro , Matsuzaki Ryo , Mori Hiroshi , Akiyoshi Ayumi , Navarro Francisco , Fujita Koji , Aizen Vladimir B , Li Zhongqin , Mano Shuhei , Takeuchi Nozomu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent studies of microbial biogeography have revealed the global distribution of cosmopolitans and dispersal of regional endemics, but little is known about how these processes are affected by microbial evolution. Here, we compared DNA sequences from snow/glacier algae found in an 8000-year-old ice from a glacier in central Asia with those from modern snow samples collected at 34 snow samples from globally distributed sites at the poles and mid-latitudes, to determine the evolutionary relationship between cosmopolitan and endemic phylotypes of snow algae. We further applied a coalescent theory–based demographic model to the DNA sequences. We found that the genus Raphidonema (Trebouxiophyceae) was distributed over both poles and mid-latitude regions and was detected in different ice core layers, corresponding to distinct time periods. Our results indicate that the modern cosmopolitan phylotypes belonging to Raphidonema were persistently present long before the last glacial period. Furthermore, endemic phylotypes originated from ancestral cosmopolitan phylotypes, suggesting that modern regional diversity of snow algae in the cryosphere is a product of microevolution. These findings suggest that the cosmopolitans dispersed across the world and then derived new localized endemics, which thus improves our understanding of microbial community formation by microevolution in natural environments.
Expansion of interferon inducible gene pool via USP18 inhibition promotes cancer cell pyroptosis
Authors: Arimoto Kei-ichiro , Miyauchi Sayuri , Troutman Ty D. , Zhang Yue , Liu Mengdan , Stoner Samuel A. , Davis Amanda G. , Fan Jun-Bao , Huang Yi-Jou , Yan Ming , Glass Christopher K. , Zhang Dong-Er 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile immunotherapy has emerged as a breakthrough cancer therapy, it is only effective in some patients, indicating the need of alternative therapeutic strategies. Induction of cancer immunogenic cell death (ICD) is one promising way to elicit potent adaptive immune responses against tumor-associated antigens. Type I interferon (IFN) is well known to play important roles in different aspects of immune responses, including modulating ICD in anti-tumor action. However, how to expand IFN effect in promoting ICD responses has not been addressed. Here we show that depletion of ubiquitin specific protease 18 (USP18), a negative regulator of IFN signaling, selectively induces cancer cell ICD. Lower USP18 expression correlates with better survival across human selected cancer types and delays cancer progression in mouse models. Mechanistically, nuclear USP18 controls the enhancer landscape of cancer cells and diminishes STAT2-mediated transcription complex binding to IFN-responsive elements. Consequently, USP18 suppression not only enhances expression of canonical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), but also activates the expression of a set of atypical ISGs and NF-κB target genes, including genes such as Polo like kinase 2 (PLK2), that induce cancer pyroptosis. These findings may support the use of targeting USP18 as a potential cancer immunotherapy.
Electric vehicle batteries alone could satisfy short-term grid storage demand by as early as 2030
Authors: Xu Chengjian , Behrens Paul , Gasper Paul , Smith Kandler , Hu Mingming , Tukker Arnold , Steubing Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe energy transition will require a rapid deployment of renewable energy (RE) and electric vehicles (EVs) where other transit modes are unavailable. EV batteries could complement RE generation by providing short-term grid services. However, estimating the market opportunity requires an understanding of many socio-technical parameters and constraints. We quantify the global EV battery capacity available for grid storage using an integrated model incorporating future EV battery deployment, battery degradation, and market participation. We include both in-use and end-of-vehicle-life use phases and find a technical capacity of 32–62 terawatt-hours by 2050. Low participation rates of 12%–43% are needed to provide short-term grid storage demand globally. Participation rates fall below 10% if half of EV batteries at end-of-vehicle-life are used as stationary storage. Short-term grid storage demand could be met as early as 2030 across most regions. Our estimates are generally conservative and offer a lower bound of future opportunities.
Inferring visual space from ultra-fine extra-retinal knowledge of gaze position
Authors: Zhao Zhetuo , Ahissar Ehud , Victor Jonathan D. , Rucci Michele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt has long been debated how humans resolve fine details and perceive a stable visual world despite the incessant fixational motion of their eyes. Current theories assume these processes to rely solely on the visual input to the retina, without contributions from motor and/or proprioceptive sources. Here we show that contrary to this widespread assumption, the visual system has access to high-resolution extra-retinal knowledge of fixational eye motion and uses it to deduce spatial relations. Building on recent advances in gaze-contingent display control, we created a spatial discrimination task in which the stimulus configuration was entirely determined by oculomotor activity. Our results show that humans correctly infer geometrical relations in the absence of spatial information on the retina and accurately combine high-resolution extraretinal monitoring of gaze displacement with retinal signals. These findings reveal a sensory-motor strategy for encoding space, in which fine oculomotor knowledge is used to interpret the fixational input to the retina.
DNA damage and somatic mutations in mammalian cells after irradiation with a nail polish dryer
Authors: Zhivagui Maria , Hoda Areebah , Valenzuela Noelia , Yeh Yi-Yu , Dai Jason , He Yudou , Nandi Shuvro P. , Otlu Burcak , Van Houten Bennett , Alexandrov Ludmil B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUltraviolet A light is commonly emitted by UV-nail polish dryers with recent reports suggesting that long-term use may increase the risk for developing skin cancer. However, the effect of radiation emitted by UV-nail polish dryers on the physiology and mutagenesis of mammalian cells remains unclear. Here, we show that irradiation by a UV-nail polish dryer causes high levels of reactive oxygen species, consistent with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Analysis of somatic mutations reveals a dose-dependent increase of C:G>A:T substitutions in irradiated samples with mutagenic patterns similar to mutational signatures previously attributed to reactive oxygen species. In summary, this study demonstrates that radiation emitted by UV-nail polish dryers can both damage DNA and permanently engrave mutations on the genomes of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts, human foreskin fibroblasts, and human epidermal keratinocytes.
Dynamics of CLIMP-63 S-acylation control ER morphology
Authors: Sandoz Patrick A. , Denhardt-Eriksson Robin A. , Abrami Laurence , Abriata Luciano A. , Spreemann Gard , Maclachlan Catherine , Ho Sylvia , Kunz Béatrice , Hess Kathryn , Knott Graham , S. Mesquita Francisco , Hatzimanikatis Vassily , van der Goot F. Gisou 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe complex architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises distinct dynamic features, many at the nanoscale, that enable the coexistence of the nuclear envelope, regions of dense sheets and a branched tubular network that spans the cytoplasm. A key player in the formation of ER sheets is cytoskeleton-linking membrane protein 63 (CLIMP-63). The mechanisms by which CLIMP-63 coordinates ER structure remain elusive. Here, we address the impact of S-acylation, a reversible post-translational lipid modification, on CLIMP-63 cellular distribution and function. Combining native mass-spectrometry, with kinetic analysis of acylation and deacylation, and data-driven mathematical modelling, we obtain in-depth understanding of the CLIMP-63 life cycle. In the ER, it assembles into trimeric units. These occasionally exit the ER to reach the plasma membrane. However, the majority undergoes S-acylation by ZDHHC6 in the ER where they further assemble into highly stable super-complexes. Using super-resolution microscopy and focused ion beam electron microscopy, we show that CLIMP-63 acylation-deacylation controls the abundance and fenestration of ER sheets. Overall, this study uncovers a dynamic lipid post-translational regulation of ER architecture.
Complementary peptides represent a credible alternative to agrochemicals by activating translation of targeted proteins
Authors: Ormancey Mélanie , Guillotin Bruno , Merret Rémy , Camborde Laurent , Duboé Carine , Fabre Bertrand , Pouzet Cécile , Impens Francis , Van Haver Delphi , Carpentier Marie-Christine , Clemente Hélène San , Aguilar Marielle , Lauressergues Dominique , Scharff Lars B. , Pichereaux Carole , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Bousquet-Antonelli Cécile , Gevaert Kris , Thuleau Patrice , Plaza Serge , Combier Jean-Philippe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current agriculture main challenge is to maintain food production while facing multiple threats such as increasing world population, temperature increase, lack of agrochemicals due to health issues and uprising of weeds resistant to herbicides. Developing novel, alternative, and safe methods is hence of paramount importance. Here, we show that complementary peptides (cPEPs) from any gene can be designed to target specifically plant coding genes. External application of synthetic peptides increases the abundance of the targeted protein, leading to related phenotypes. Moreover, we provide evidence that cPEPs can be powerful tools in agronomy to improve plant traits, such as growth, resistance to pathogen or heat stress, without the needs of genetic approaches. Finally, by combining their activity they can also be used to reduce weed growth.
Timing and cell specificity of senescence drives postnatal lung development and injury
Authors: Yao Hongwei , Wallace Joselynn , Peterson Abigail L. , Scaffa Alejandro , Rizal Salu , Hegarty Katy , Maeda Hajime , Chang Jason L. , Oulhen Nathalie , Kreiling Jill A. , Huntington Kelsey E. , De Paepe Monique E. , Barbosa Guilherme , Dennery Phyllis A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSenescence causes age-related diseases and stress-related injury. Paradoxically, it is also essential for organismal development. Whether senescence contributes to lung development or injury in early life remains unclear. Here, we show that lung senescence occurred at birth and decreased throughout the saccular stage in mice. Reducing senescent cells at this stage disrupted lung development. In mice (<12 h old) exposed to hyperoxia during the saccular stage followed by air recovery until adulthood, lung senescence increased particularly in type II cells and secondary crest myofibroblasts. This peaked during the alveolar stage and was mediated by the p53/p21 pathway. Decreasing senescent cells during the alveolar stage attenuated hyperoxia-induced alveolar and vascular simplification. Conclusively, early programmed senescence orchestrates postnatal lung development whereas later hyperoxia-induced senescence causes lung injury through different mechanisms. This defines the ontogeny of lung senescence and provides an optimal therapeutic window for mitigating neonatal hyperoxic lung injury by inhibiting senescence.