bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the nutritional landscape in the yellow mealworm: testing the nutrient-mediated life-history trade-offs
Authors: Rho Myung Suk , Lee Kwang Pum 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Animals must acquire an ideal amount and balance of macronutrients to optimize their performance, health and fitness. The nutritional landscape provides an integrative framework for analysing how animal phenotypes are associated with multiple nutritional components. Here, we applied this powerful approach to examine how the intake of protein and carbohydrate affects nutrient acquisition and performance in the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) reared on one of 42 synthetic foods varying in protein and carbohydrate content. Tenebrio molitor larvae increased their food consumption rate in response to nutrient dilution, but this increase was not sufficient to fully compensate for the dilution. Diluting the food nutrient content with cellulose reduced the efficiency of post-ingestive nutrient utilization, further restricting macronutrient acquisition. Tenebrio molitor larvae utilized macronutrients most efficiently at a protein to carbohydrate (P:C) ratio of 1.77:1, but became less efficient at imbalanced P:C ratios. Survivorship was high at high protein intake and fell with decreasing protein intake. Pupal mass and growth rate exhibited a bell-shaped landscape, with the nutritional optima being located around protein-biased P:C ratios of 1.99:1 to 2.03:1 and 1.66:1 to 2.86:1, respectively. The nutritional optimum for development time was also identified at high P:C ratios (1.66:1 to 5.86:1). Unlike these performance traits, lipid content was maximized at carbohydrate-biased P:C ratios of 1:3.88 to 1:3.06. When given a food choice, T. molitor larvae self-composed a slightly carbohydrate-biased P:C ratio of 1:1.24, which lies between the P:C ratios that maximize performance and lipid content. Our findings indicate the occurrence of a nutrient-mediated trade-off between performance and energy storage in this insect.
Locust gut epithelia do not become more permeable to fluorescent dextran and bacteria in the cold
Authors: El-Saadi Mahmoud I. , Brzezinski Kaylen , Hinz Aaron , Phillips Laura , Wong Alex , Gerber Lucie , Overgaard Johannes , MacMillan Heath A. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The insect gut, which plays a role in ion and water balance, has been shown to leak solutes in the cold. Cold stress can also activate insect immune systems, but it is unknown whether the leak of the gut microbiome is a possible immune trigger in the cold. We developed a novel feeding protocol to load the gut of locusts (Locusta migratoria) with fluorescent bacteria before exposing them to −2°C for up to 48 h. No bacteria were recovered from the hemolymph of cold-exposed locusts, regardless of exposure duration. To examine this further, we used an ex vivo gut sac preparation to re-test cold-induced fluorescent FITC-dextran leak across the gut and found no increased rate of leak. These results question not only the validity of FITC-dextran as a marker of paracellular barrier permeability in the gut, but also to what extent the insect gut becomes leaky in the cold.
Inclusion of Dye in Cyclodextrin for Isotropically Radiative Robust Droplet Laser toward Lens-free Remote Optical Detection
Authors: Tanji Noriharu , Miyagawa Junnosuke , Yamamoto Yohei , Nakashima Takuya , Yamagishi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Micrometer-scale organic liquid droplets are of particular interest due to their excellent lasing performance together with extreme flexibility and responsivity. Here, we report the synthesis of novel lasing microdroplets with suppressed spontaneous emission. A supramolecular complex of a dye and a cyclodextrin works as robust and excellent laser dye in the droplet. Moreover, the laser emission from the single droplet is strong enough for all directions irrespective of the observation angle and detectable without an objective lens.
Day-of-the-Week and Time-of-the-Day Patterns of Sedentary Behavior in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: ZHAO BEIBO , SOTRES-ALVAREZ DANIELA , EVENSON KELLY R. , GREENLEE HEATHER , MOSSAVAR-RAHMANI YASMIN , QI QIBIN , MARQUEZ DAVID X. , VIDOT DENISE C. , ELFASSY TALI , ARREDONDO ELVA M. , DIAZ KEITH M. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Existing sedentary behavior interventions have largely achieved mixed results. Conventionally, interventions have attempted to reduce sedentary behavior using a full-day approach. An alternative strategy may be to target specific periods during the day and/or week. This study examined the day-of-the-week (Monday to Sunday) and time-of-the-day patterns (3-and 6-h periods) of sedentary behavior among U.S. Hispanics/Latinos adults.

Methods
Participants (n = 12,241) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a multisite community-based prospective cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults, were studied. Sedentary behavior was assessed for 1 wk using a hip-mounted accelerometer through total sedentary time, sedentary time in bouts ≥60 min, and total number of sedentary breaks. The temporal patterns of sedentary behavior metrics were evaluated using linear mixed effect models accounting for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos complex survey design.

Results
There were statistically significant variations in temporal patterns across day-of-the-week and time-of-the-day periods for all three metrics (P < 0.001). Adults were more sedentary on weekends than on weekdays and most sedentary on Sundays. The time-of-the-day patterns had a U-curve pattern wherein adults were most sedentary late at night, became less sedentary throughout the day, reached peak activeness around noon, then gradually became more sedentary into the evening. These patterns were largely robust across seasonality and most sociodemographic characteristics, including age, employment status, work shift schedule, acculturation, and field center.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that early mornings, evenings, and weekends were the more sedentary periods in this cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults, characterized by higher volumes of sedentary time, higher volumes of time in prolonged sedentary bouts, and fewer number of sedentary breaks than other time periods, highlighting important windows of opportunity to reduce sedentary behavior.
3D Tibial Acceleration and Consideration of 3D Angular Motion Using IMUs on Peak Tibial Acceleration and Impulse in Running
Authors: VAN MIDDELAAR ROBBERT P. , ZHANG JUNHAO , VELTINK PETER H. , REENALDA JASPER 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Peak tibial acceleration (PTA) is defined as the peak acceleration occurring shortly after initial contact, often used as an indirect measure of tibial load. As the tibia is a rotating segment around the ankle, angular velocity and angular acceleration should be included in PTA. This study aimed to quantify three-dimensional tibial acceleration components over two different sensor locations and three running speeds, to get a better understanding of the influence of centripetal and tangential accelerations on PTA typically measured in running. Furthermore, it explores tibial impulse as an alternative surrogate measure for tibial load.

Methods
Fifteen participants ran 90 s on a treadmill at 2.8, 3.3, and 3.9 m·s−1, with inertial measurement units (IMUs) located distally and proximally on the tibia.

Results
Without the inclusion of rotational accelerations and gravity, no significant difference was found between axial PTA between both IMU locations, whereas in the tangential sagittal plane axis, there was a significant difference. Inclusion of rotational accelerations and gravity resulted in similar PTA estimates at the ankle for both IMU locations and caused a significant difference between PTA based on the distal IMU and PTA at the ankle. The impulse showed more consistent results between the proximal and distal IMU locations compared with axial PTA.

Conclusions
Rotational acceleration of the tibia during stance differently impacted PTA measured proximally and distally at the tibia, indicating that rotational acceleration and gravity should be included in PTA estimates. Furthermore, peak acceleration values (such as PTA) are not always reliable when using IMUs because of inconsistent PTA proximally compared with distally on an individual level. Instead, impulse seems to be a more consistent surrogate measure for the tibial load.
Multimodality imaging in cardio-oncology: the added value of CMR and CCTA
Authors: Lisi Costanza , Catapano Federica , Rondi Paolo , Figliozzi Stefano , Lo Monaco Maria , Brilli Federica , Monti Lorenzo , Francone Marco 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
During the last 30 years, we have assisted to a great implementation in anticancer treatment with a subsequent increase of cancer survivors and decreased mortality. This has led to an ongoing interest about the possible therapy-related side-effects and their management to better guide patients therapy and surveillance in the chronic and long-term setting. As a consequence cardio-oncology was born, involving several different specialties, among which radiology plays a relevant role. Till the end of August 2022, when European Society of Cardiology (ESC) developed the first guidelines on cardio-oncology, no general indications existed to guide diagnosis and treatment of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT). They defined multimodality imaging role in primary and secondary prevention strategies, cancer treatment surveillance and early CTR-CVT identification and management.
Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has acquired a central role in coronary assessment, as far as coronary artery disease (CAD) exclusion is concerned; but on the side of this well-known application, it also started to be considered in left ventricular function evaluation, interstitial fibrosis quantification and cardiac perfusion studies.
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), instead, has been acknowledged as the gold standard alternative to trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) poor acoustic window in quantification of heart function and strain modifications, as well as pre- and post-contrast tissue characterization by means of T1-T2 mapping, early Gadolinium enhancement (EGE), late Gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and extracellular volume (ECV) evaluation.
Our review is intended to provide a focus on the actual role of CMR and CCTA in the setting of a better understanding of cardiotoxicity and to draw some possible future directions of cardiac imaging in this field, starting from the recently published ESC guidelines.
Better safe than so ray: national survey of radiation protection amongst interventional radiology trainees in the United Kingdom
Authors: Patel S , Jenkins P , Zhong J , Liu W , Harborne K , Modi S , Joy C , Williams R , Haslam P 
Published: July 2023

Objective
To establish the provision and use of radiation personal protective equipment (PPE) and dosimetry amongst UK interventional radiology (IR) trainees and highlight areas of improvement in order to enhance the radiation safety.

Methods
A survey questionnaire was designed by members of the British Society of Interventional Radiology (BSIR) trainee committee via survey monkey and distributed to UK IR trainees via the BSIR membership mailing list, local representatives and Twitter. The survey was open from 04/01/2021 to 20/02/2021. Only IR trainees in years ST4 and above were included.

Results
Of the 73 respondents, 62 qualified for analysis. Respondents (81% male) spent a median of 5.5 sessions (half day list) per week in the angiography suite and 58% (n=36) had difficulty finding appropriately sized lead aprons at least once a week. Overall 53% (n=33) had concerns about their radiation PPE. Furthermore 56% of trainees (n=35) experienced back pain among other symptoms attributed to wearing the lead aprons available to them. 77% (n=48) regularly wore lead glasses. For trainees requiring prescription glasses (n=22) overfit goggles were provided however 17 (77%) of these trainees felt the goggles compromised their ability to perform the procedure. Eye and finger dosimeters were used by 50% and 52% of respondents respectively. Compliance with body dosimetry was 99%.

Conclusion
Provision of radiation PPE and dose monitoring for IR trainees is suboptimal, particularly access to adequate eye protection or suitably fitting leads. Based on the findings of this survey, recommendations have been made to promote the safety and radiation awareness of IR trainees.

Advances in knowledge
Radiation protection practices for IR trainees nationally are poor. Provision of suitable eye protection and well fitting lead body protection is low.
Prognostic significance of the harmonized maximum standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with resectable oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter study
Authors: Kaida Hayato , Kitajima Kazuhiro , Sekine Tetsuro , Ito Kimiteru , Daisaki Hiromitsu , Kimura Takayuki , Sato Mitsuo P , Enomoto Akifumi , Otsuki Naoki , Ishii Kazunari 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
To investigate the usefulness of harmonized 18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters for predicting the postoperative recurrence and prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 107 OTSCC patients who underwent surgical resection at four institutions in Japan in 2010–2016 and evaluated the harmonized PET parameters of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) for the primary tumor as the pSUVmax, pMTV, and pTLG. For lymph node metastasis, we used harmonized PET parameters of nodal-SUVmax, nodal-total MTV (tMTV), and nodal-total TLG (tTLG). The associations between the harmonized PET parameters and the patients' relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for model 1 (preoperative stage) and model 2 (preoperative  +  postoperative stages).

Results:
The harmonized SUVmax values were significantly lower than those before harmonization (p=0.012). The pSUVmax was revealed as a significant preoperative risk factor for RFS and OS. Nodal-SUVmax, nodal-tMTV, and nodal-tTLG were significant preoperative risk factors for OS. The combination of pSUVmax + nodal-SUVmax significantly stratified the patients into a low-risk group (pSUVmax &lt;3.97 + nodal-SUVmax &lt;2.85 or ≥2.85) and a high-risk group (pSUVmax ≥3.97 + nodal-SUVmax &lt;2.85 or pSUVmax ≥3.97 + nodal-SUVmax ≥2.85) for recurrence and prognosis (RFS: p=0.001; OS: p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions:
The harmonized pSUVmax is a significant prognostic factor for the survival of OTSCC patients. The combination of pSUVmax and nodal-SUVmax identified OTSCC patients at high risk for recurrence and poor prognosis at the preoperative stage.
Arterial blood analysis of healthy residents in Huamachuco, Peru (3,164 m): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bardales-Zuta Victor H. , Fernández-Rodríguez Lissett J. , Romero-Goicochea Cecilia 
Published: July 2023

Background: Given that arterial blood gas is affected by altitude and ethnicity, establishing reliable reference standards for these values requires analysis of arterial blood at different elevations and locations. Our objective was to measure the arterial blood gases of healthy young volunteers in Huamachuco, Peru, at 3,164 m above sea level. This is likely the first study of arterial blood gas analysis of healthy Northern Peruvians living at high altitude. Methods: Healthy residents of Huamachuco were recruited for this cross-sectional convenience sample study and arterial blood was drawn by standard procedures. People with obesity, diabetes, high levels of physical activity and a history of using selected substances were excluded. The samples were analyzed on-site in less than 15 minutes using a Stat Profile Prime CCS analyzer (Nova Biomedical). Results: Data from 46 participants (17 male, 29 female) were included in the study. The median values for arterial blood pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ionized calcium, glucose, lactate, hematocrit, oxygen saturation, and bicarbonate were 7.42, 9.3 kPa (70 mmHg), 4.5 kPa (33.5 mmHg), 1.04 mM, 5.19 mM, 1.8 mM, 50 %, 94 %, and 21.6 mM, respectively. We also found a lower prevalence of diabetes among highlanders compared to the Peruvian population. Conclusions: The results determined here were comparable to other results determined at different altitudes in the Americas, although arterial blood oxygen was slightly higher than predicted. These results indicate that Northern Peruvians have an Andean-style adaptation to high altitude.
Predictive Clinical Neuroscience Portal (PCNportal): instant online access to research-grade normative models for clinical neuroscientists.
Authors: Barkema Pieter , Rutherford Saige , Lee Hurng-Chun , Kia Seyed Mostafa , Savage Hannah , Beckmann Christian , Marquand Andre 
Published: July 2023

Background: The neurobiology of mental disorders remains poorly understood despite substantial scientific efforts, due to large clinical heterogeneity and to a lack of tools suitable to map individual variability. Normative modeling is one recently successful framework that can address these problems by comparing individuals to a reference population. The methodological underpinnings of normative modelling are, however, relatively complex and computationally expensive. Our research group has developed the python-based normative modelling package Predictive Clinical Neuroscience toolkit (PCNtoolkit) which provides access to many validated algorithms for normative modelling. PCNtoolkit has since proven to be a strong foundation for large scale normative modelling, but still requires significant computation power, time and technical expertise to develop. Methods: To address these problems, we introduce PCNportal. PCNportal is an online platform integrated with PCNtoolkit that offers access to pre-trained research-grade normative models estimated on tens of thousands of participants, without the need for computation power or programming abilities. PCNportal is an easy-to-use web interface that is highly scalable to large user bases as necessary. Finally, we demonstrate how the resulting normalized deviation scores can be used in a clinical application through a schizophrenia classification task applied to cortical thickness and volumetric data from the longitudinal Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tool (NUSDAST) dataset. Results: At each longitudinal timepoint, the transferred normative models achieved a mean[std. dev.] explained variance of 9.4[8.8]%, 9.2[9.2]%, 5.6[7.4]% respectively in the control group and 4.7[5.5]%, 6.0[6.2]%, 4.2[6.9]% in the schizophrenia group. Diagnostic classifiers achieved AUC of 0.78, 0.76 and 0.71 respectively. Conclusions: This replicates the utility of normative models for diagnostic classification of schizophrenia and showcases the use of PCNportal for clinical neuroimaging. By facilitating and speeding up research with high-quality normative models, this work contributes to research in inter-individual variability, clinical heterogeneity and precision medicine.
Navigating advanced nurse practitioner roles in UK mental health services: a scoping review
Authors: Oliphant Shona 
Published: July 2023

Background: The advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) role is becoming increasingly prominent in the provision of mental health services, both in the UK and globally. Understanding the experiences associated with these roles is crucial for their effective implementation in practice. This article presents a scoping review that systematically searches and synthesises existing literature on the experiences of ANP roles in mental health services in the UK. Methods: A comprehensive search of databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychNet, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant peer-reviewed publications and grey literature that had been published between 2010 and 2022. The Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for Practice, Research recommendations (PAGER) framework was employed to analyse the findings and identify key themes. Findings: The review findings reveal important insights into the experiences of ANP roles in mental health services, highlighting the significance of role understanding, opportunities and challenges. Key themes identified include the need for clear governance, role clarity, support from colleagues and managers, professional development opportunities, and the impact of role implementation on the provision of person-centred care and physical healthcare. Conclusion: ANP roles in mental health services offer opportunities to enhance the provision of person-centred care, improve physical healthcare delivery and provide professional development and career pathways for nurses. However, challenges such as role understanding, planning and support need to be addressed to ensure successful implementation. Further research examining patient experiences, measures to support improved planning and role clarity, and the professional development and career pathways of ANPs would contribute to advancing the field and facilitating the effective future implementation of ANP roles in mental health services in the UK and beyond.
Exploring the journey and impact of advanced practice in care delivery for people with learning disabilities and/or autism
Authors: Appleby Ben , Bollard Martin , Barratt Julian , Kempson Sharon 
Published: July 2023

Background: Practitioners working in the field of learning disability and/or autism have seen their roles expand over the past several decades to promote and accommodate the complex needs of the population group. While the nuances and intricacies of working with this group of people may be less clearly defined, advanced practitioners are required to develop the roles in the field across the four pillars of clinical practice, leadership and management, education and research. Aim: This study aimed to review the published literature and explore, identify and describe the journey for practitioners towards advanced practice in learning disability and autism, as well as their impact on care delivery. Method: A scoping review approach was used to address the review question. The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines was used as a structured format to report the review. Research question: What is the positionality, identity and impact of advanced practice for care delivery by advanced practitioners in learning disability and autism? Discussion: This scoping review is being designed to conceptualise the journey towards advanced practice, with a specific focus on learning disability and autism, exploring the impact on care delivery in this field of practice by advanced practitioners.
TIBIALIZATION OF FIBULA FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF BIG TIBIAL DEFECTS (POST-TRAUMATIC, POST-INFECTIVE) BY ILIZAROV TECHNIQUE
Authors: BARI MOFAKHKHARUL 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionReconstruction of large defect of tibia following infection is considered as one of the most difficult problem facing the orthopaedic surgeon. Amputation with modern prosthetic fitting is a salvage procedure to treat big defects, which gives a functional result with unpredictable psychological impact.Materials & MethodsBetween January 2000 and January 2021, 56 patients (30 males and 26 females) with big defects following infection and post traumatic injury of the tibia were treated. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 20.5 years (4–24 years). The fibula was mobilized medially to fill the defect and was fixed with Ilizarov fixator. The average size of the defects reconstructed was 18.5 cm (17–20 cm).ResultsThe average time for complete union was 8.6 months (range, 5–9 months). At final follow-up all patients had fully united. We found leg length discrepancy in 52 patients and that was corrected by re-lengthening of the solid new regenerate boneConclusionsThe Ilizarov method has been shown to be an effective method of treating Tibialization of fibula for reconstruction of big tibial defects.