bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How adaptive social robots influence cognitive, emotional, and self-regulated learning
Authors: Ackermann Helene , Lange Anna L. , Hafner Verena V. , Lazarides Rebecca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As educational environments become more diverse, adaptive technologies like social robots hold promise for providing individual support to learners. This study investigated the role of adaptive teaching of a robot on students’ learning outcomes, emotions, and self-regulated learning (SRL). A total of 120 participants (aged 18–60 years, M
age = 30.25, SD
age = 10.06, 64.3% female) engaged in an interactive vocabulary learning task with varying guidance levels by the robot. Control conditions included fixed guidance, offering either simple guidance with no hints (condition 1) or enhanced guidance, constantly adding hints (condition 2). In the adaptive conditions, the robot adjusted the number of hints based on learners’ recent performance and enjoyment (condition 3) or additionally personalized hints to specific mistakes (condition 4). The results showed no direct or indirect effects of adaptive guidance on task performance or cognitive learning compared to fixed guidance. Instead, adaptive guidance significantly reduced on-task enjoyment compared to enhanced guidance, suggesting that unexpected variability in robot behavior may negatively affect emotional learning experience. However, personalized adaptive guidance increased certain SRL behaviors, indirectly benefiting learning outcomes. These findings highlight the need for further refinement of adaptive social robots to better meet individual learner needs and optimize outcomes.
Circadian clock features define novel subtypes among breast cancer cells and shape drug sensitivity
Authors: Ector Carolin , Didier Jeff , De Landtsheer Sébastien , Nordentoft Malthe S , Schmal Christoph , Keilholz Ulrich , Herzel Hanspeter , Kramer Achim , Sauter Thomas , Granada Adrián E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The circadian clock regulates key physiological processes, including cellular responses to DNA damage. Circadian-based therapeutic strategies optimize treatment timing to enhance drug efficacy and minimize side effects, offering potential for precision cancer treatment. However, applying these strategies in cancer remains limited due to a lack of understanding of the clock’s function across cancer types and incomplete insights into how the circadian clock affects drug responses. To address this, we conducted deep circadian phenotyping across a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Observing diverse circadian dynamics, we characterized metrics to assess circadian rhythm strength and stability in vitro. This led to the identification of four distinct circadian-based phenotypes among 14 breast cancer cell models: functional, weak, unstable, and dysfunctional clocks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the circadian clock plays a critical role in shaping pharmacological responses to various anti-cancer drugs and we identify circadian features descriptive of drug sensitivity. Collectively, our findings establish a foundation for implementing circadian-based treatment strategies in breast cancer, leveraging clock phenotypes and drug sensitivity patterns to optimize therapeutic outcomes.
Präventionsstrategien gegen Brände und thermische Verletzungen im
Operationssaal
Authors: Stumpfe Maximilian C. , Horch Raymund E 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungThermische Verletzungen und Brände im Interventionsraum stellen ein
erhebliches Risiko für Patienten dar, insbesondere durch den Einsatz
energiebasierter Geräte wie monopolare Diathermie. Eine FDA-Studie über
einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren dokumentierte über 3500 Verletzungen und 178
Todesfälle, größtenteils verursacht durch Verbrennungen. Die Hauptursachen
für Brände im Interventionsraum lassen sich durch das „Feuerdreieck“
erklären: Entzündungsquellen, Brennstoffe und Oxidationsmittel. Monopolare
Diathermie und Laser fungieren als Entzündungsquellen, während
alkoholbasierte Desinfektionsmittel Brennstoffe liefern. Sauerstoff und
Lachgas erhöhen als Oxidationsmittel das Brandrisiko.Diese Übersichtsarbeit basiert auf einer Literaturrecherche und der Analyse
von Patientenfällen mit thermischen Verletzungen. Ziel ist es,
schwerwiegende Folgen zu verdeutlichen und Präventionsmaßnahmen
aufzuzeigen.Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer multidisziplinären
Herangehensweise. Wichtige Strategien sind die Reduktion der
Sauerstoffkonzentration und der Einsatz alternativer Desinfektionsmittel.
Durch gezielte Schulungen des OP-Teams und die Implementierung von „Fire
Risk Assessment Tools“ lässt sich die Patientensicherheit deutlich
erhöhen.Es zeigt sich, dass ein umfassendes Risikomanagement sowie die Entwicklung
spezifischer Protokolle und Schulungen erforderlich sind, um thermische
Verletzungen im Interventionsraum zu verhindern und das Risiko für Patienten
langfristig zu reduzieren.
Transorbital Neuroendoscopic Approaches: Historical and Tactical Review of Orbital Corridors: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fluss Rose , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Kang KiChang , Popoola Daniel , Monie Dileep D. , Colley Patrick , Agarwal Vijay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Introduction The orbit is a useful corridor underutilized by the neurosurgical community. The aim of this manuscript is to describe this well-established approach in the neurosurgeon's tool box.
Methods A scoping review of 363 articles containing transorbital neuroendoscopic surgical approaches were reviewed by two independent reviewers for inclusion in this report.
Results Discussed here are the four transcutaneous transorbital approaches, including the superior eyelid crease (SLC), and upper eyelid approaches, lateral (retrocanthal) transorbital approach, inferior (preseptal) transconjunctival approach, and the medial (transcaruncular) orbitotomy approach.
Conclusion This practical review will highlight the surgical approaches, historical origins, indications, and contraindications of all the orbital corridors to the cranium.
Transvaginal Cervical Screening in Individuals with Previous Late Preterm Birth
Authors: Aboukhater Diana , Elzarea Amira , Campbell Shaida , Hatton Wave , DeYoung Tracey , Waller Jerri , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: February 2025

Objective This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound cervical length (CL) screening in reducing preterm births among individuals with various preterm birth histories, aiming to optimize prevention strategies.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study included 576 pregnant individuals with singleton pregnancies and a history of preterm birth, who underwent transvaginal ultrasound CL screening between January 2014 and December 2020. The primary outcome was the detection of a short cervix (≤2.5 cm). We compared outcomes among individuals with a previous gestational age (GA) of 34 to 36, 28 to 33, 24 to 27, and <24 weeks. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using modified Poisson's regression with robust variance, controlling for predefined confounders.
Results Of 576 (35%), 139 (24.1%) had a previous birth at 34 to 36 weeks, 129 (22.4%) had a previous birth at 28 to 33 weeks, 90 (15.6%) had a previous birth at 24 to 27 weeks, and 218 (37.8%) had a previous birth <24 weeks. Compared with individuals with a previous GA 34 to 36 weeks, the risk of short cervix was higher in those with a previous <24 weeks (21.6 vs. 52.8%, aRR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.81–3.62) and GA 24 to 27 weeks (40.0%, aRR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.20–2.71), but no difference was found with those with previous GA 28 to 33 weeks (24.8%, aRR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.72–1.72). Compared with individuals with previous GA 28 to 33 weeks, individuals with prior GA 34 to 36 weeks had the same risk of cerclage placement and preterm birth <34 weeks, but a lower risk of composite neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion Based on our results of similar incidence of the short cervix between individuals with previous GA 34 to 36 weeks and those with previous GA 28 to 33 weeks, individuals with a history of late preterm birth should receive CL screening in a similar manner.
Key Points
Microvascular Anastomosis of Calcified Vessels in a Patient with Hyperlipidemia: Meeting the Challenges and Dealing with Y-Shaped Vein Graft”
Authors: Manas Raj Kumar , Ganesan Karthick 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHyperlipidemia is one of the causes of atherosclerotic calcified vessels. Anastomosis of such vessels during surgery may offer various challenges. It is twice as challenging when the limb's and flap's vascularity is compromised together. We present a case of microvascular anastomosis of calcified vessels with compromised limb vascularity (due to an inadvertent injury to the brachial artery, which created a gap between two ends) and low ischemia time for flap (free functioning muscle transfer) that dealt with a Y-shaped vein graft. Using a Y-shaped vein graft in atherosclerotic vessels allowed us to anastomosis with ease and deal with challenges encountered during anastomosis. The Y-shaped vein graft was used to reconstruct the brachial artery and at the same time, another limb of the Y-shaped vein graft was used to anastomose the flap's vessel. Postoperatively vascularity of the limb and flap were restored and computed tomography angiography confirmed patent anastomosis of the Y-shaped vein graft. The Y-shaped vein graft is a novel and simple technique that can be utilized when dealing with calcified vessel anastomosis and can help in restoring the blood supply of the flap and limb together.
Association of Plastic Surgeons of India Postgraduate Medical Education (APSI-PGME) Course: How Far Have We Reached?
Authors: Singh Veena Kumari , Bhatnagar Ankur , Mahajan Ravi , Kumar Vijay , Mokal Nitin , Venkatramani Hari 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background The Association of Plastic Surgeons of India (APSI) felt the need to create an opportunity for the residents to participate in a mock viva voce patterned course on the national platform in front of examiners from the various centers and instill a feeling of confidence and healthy competition among them. Apart from the responsibilities of teaching departments running the formal plastic surgery training programs, the association also took upon itself to further strengthen the academics, especially of residents working at centers that lack regular teaching classes, and started the postgraduate medical education course in October 2022.
Materials and Methods The course module was divided into nine sections: one long case, five short cases, instrument, radiology, operative. It was conducted over 2.5 hours for two consecutive evenings on an online platform (apsi.vidocto.com). The flow comprised presentation by the resident with two faculty examiners for asking questions and two course mentors for observation followed by feedback to the resident on his/her performance. Course feedback was collected in a Google form.
Results A total of eight courses have been conducted to date. The online synchronous viewership varied from 83 to 172 (mean, 115.94 ± 34.01), out of which 62 to 67% (mean, 74.18 ± 4.06) were residents and 33 to 38% (mean, 40.28 ± 3.93) were faculty. These courses were also archived for later access. The feedback showed that 96.6% participants agreed that the objective to enhance knowledge was achieved and 100% agreed that such a program will benefit in gaining confidence. Thirty-one percent students rated their learning experience after the course as 10 on a scale of 1 to 10. The majority of the faculty and residents preferred the online mode.
Conclusion Being a maiden initiative of its kind, the APSI-PGME is a competency-driven course that has significantly enhanced the residents' confidence as a result of gain in knowledge and understanding.
Dual-use on-chip polarizer based on straight silicon nitride platform
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Zheng Xinzhi , Zhao Shilong , Lv Jinman , Yu Mingyang , Xiang Bingxi , Lu Fei , Zhou Cangtao , Ma Yujie , Ruan Shuangchen 
Published: February 2025

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) based optical platforms have been widely used in integrated photonics due to their low loss and simple processing characteristics. Polarizers working as polarization filters for purifying optical polarization and minimizing polarization crosstalk are important in integrated photonic devices. Here, we introduce a dual-use all-Si3N4 TE-pass integrated polarizer with a wide working bandwidth and a high polarization extinction ratio (PER) in a simple straight ridge waveguide structure. The polarization modulation properties of this on-chip Si3N4 polarizer were investigated analytically and experimentally. The fabricated polarizer can achieve an ultrahigh PER &gt;40 dB and a broad operation bandwidth of ∼80 nm. The measured insertion loss is &lt;1 dB in the wavelength range of 1540–1640 nm. Moreover, by covering it with a layer of high refractive index material, it becomes a waveguide for transmitting two orthogonally polarized modes with a loss of &lt;1 dB. That is, this straight Si3N4 ridge waveguide structure can function as an on-chip polarizer as well as an optical waveguide.
Effect of increased air temperature and vapour pressure deficit on water relations, gas exchange, and stem increment in saplings of Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Authors: Rohula-Okunev Gristin , Kupper Priit , Tullus Arvo , Kukumägi Mai , Sell Marili , Ostonen Ivika 
Published: February 2025

Whilst temperature (T) increase on tree function has been well studied, the associated effect of vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is less clear. We investigated the impact of increasing T and VPD on canopy transpiration rate (E), shoot gas exchange, and stem growth in Norway spruce (Picea abies) saplings grown in organic and mineral soils in climate chambers with three treatment conditions for 12 weeks: (1) ‘ambient’ (VPD ≈ 0.5 kPa); (2) ‘highT’ treatment (+3°C relative to ambient; VPD ≈ 0.6 kPa); and (3) ‘highT/lowRH’ treatment (+3°C and −7% RH relative to ambient; VPD ≈ 0.8 kPa). The stem diameter increment, assimilation rate (A), and E were highest, and the needle-to-fine root biomass ratio was smallest in ‘highT/lowRH’ treatment (P < 0.05). The A of trees grown in organic soil was higher (P < 0.05) in ‘highT/lowRH’ treatment compared to ambient conditions, but no significant difference was found in mineral soil. Our findings indicate that the effect of a 3-°C temperature increase on spruce was marginal under well-watered conditions, and moderate VPD increase instead improved the tree’s functioning. Thus, aside from temperature, the impact of the RH as a primary driver of the VPD should be considered when predicting spruce response to global warming.
Experimental investigation of fire behaviours and heat transfer in single cypress tree crown fires
Authors: Guo Hanwen , Gao Yunji , Ye Ziqun , Yang Zhengyuan , Zhang Yuchun , Lei Zijian , Sun Ao 
Published: February 2025

Background Crown fires are among the most perilous and challenging types of forest fires to combat, posing a significant hazard to forest ecosystems and the wildland–urban interface. Methods Crown fire experiments were carried out using cypress trees with five different crown heights from 0.4 to 1.2 m to investigate the fire behaviours and heat transfer mechanisms. Key results and conclusions The characteristic values of flame height, mass loss rate and heat flux increased with crown height, whereas flame width increased with crown width. Empirical correlations of mass loss rates were established. Flame temperature varied with flame height and relationships between these were developed based on four dimensionless temperature zones. Flame emissivity was related to crown height and increased exponentially with the heat release rate. This study proposes a modified model to predict the radiation heat flux from crown fires, taking the variations of flame temperature and flame emissivity into account. Implications The findings of this work enhance understanding of fire behaviours and controlling mechanisms of crown fire under different crown heights, and also improve the accuracy of prediction of wildland fire development and spread in the wildland–urban interface.
Chunk reading strategy training improves multiword processing by Japanese English learners
Authors: Kosaka Takumi , Zhao Helen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Chunk-and-Pass model suggests that language acquisition involves learning to appropriately chunk language
input into multiword sequences and to form more abstract linguistic representations. While the theoretical model has gained
widespread attention in the language sciences, there are limited studies that adopt this model, particularly in the context of
second language (L2) learning and teaching research. This study examines the effects of Chunk Reading Strategy Training (CRST),
which was developed based on the model, on multiword processing in low-proficiency Japanese learners of English. A treatment group
received CRST, while a control group underwent standard block-format reading training. A phrasal decision test assessed online
multiword processing at pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest stages. The results indicated improvement in response times
post-intervention for the treatment group, and only in the delayed posttest for the control group. This study, therefore,
discusses the theoretical implications and limitations of CRST.
Structures under nominalization
Authors: Wang Chen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper means to make a comparative study of the nominals denoting an event in Mandarin and English. I propose
that although English has three types of eventive nominals — simple event nominal, Referential (R-) nominal, and Argument
Structure (AS-) nominal — Mandarin has only simple event nominals. The category shifting, which is required in the derivation of
R-nominals and AS-nominals in English, is an operation unavailable in Mandarin, a result caused by the lack of categorial (c-)
functors by assumption. I propose that a Mandarin eventive nominal enters syntax as a category-less root and immediately gets an N
category by merging as the complement to a semantic (s-) functor from the extended projection of N. It thus projects no argument
structure and undergoes no V-N shift, resulting in its incapability of taking post-nominal arguments. The DPs interpreted as
arguments are merged external to the nominal and are thus flexible in terms of their thematic roles. The analysis shows that there
is a parametric variation based on the inventory of c-functors between Mandarin and English.
Constructive proofs of existence and stability of solitary waves in the Whitham and capillary–gravity Whitham equations
Authors: Cadiot Matthieu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this manuscript, we present a method to prove constructively the existence and spectral stability of solitary waves in both the Whitham and the capillary–gravity Whitham equations. By employing Fourier series analysis and computer-aided techniques, we successfully approximate the Fourier multiplier operator in this equation, allowing the construction of an approximate inverse for the linearization around an approximate solution u
0. Then, using a Newton–Kantorovich approach, we provide a sufficient condition under which the existence of a unique solitary wave

u
~

in a ball centered at u
0 is obtained. The verification of such a condition is established combining analytic techniques and rigorous numerical computations. Moreover, we derive a methodology to control the spectrum of the linearization around

u
~

, enabling the study of spectral stability of the solution. As an illustration, we provide a (constructive) computer-assisted proof (CAP) of existence of stable solitary waves in both the case with capillary effects (T > 0) and without capillary effects (T = 0). Moreover, we provide an existence proof for a branch of solitary waves in the case T = 0 via a rigorous continuation in the wave velocity. The methodology presented in this paper can be generalized and provides a new approach for addressing the existence and spectral stability of solitary waves in nonlocal nonlinear equations. All CAPs, including the requisite codes, are accessible on GitHub at Cadiot (2023 https://github.com/matthieucadiot/WhithamSoliton.jl).
Theoretical and simulation analysis of the transient plasma characteristics of ultrahigh-frequency adjustable multipulse gas tungsten arc welding
Authors: Li Hongxiao , Chen Shujun , ZHAO Hongyan , Yu Yue , Jin ZhaoJun , Li Lingli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The introduction of ultrahigh-frequency pulse gas tungsten arc welding has revolutionized the precision of heat input control in welding arcs, presenting new and promising research directions for welding processes. However, due to current limitations in imaging technology, only steady-state images of the arc under 100-kHz pulse current conditions can be captured, making it challenging to display instantaneous dynamics. This has led to a lack of in-depth studies on the arc morphology and characteristics of ultrahigh-frequency adjustable multipulse gas tungsten arc welding (UFMP-GTAW) at this frequency. To bridge this gap, a transient two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical simulation model for 100-kHz UFMP-GTAW was established in this paper, based on magnetohydrodynamics and the assumption of local thermal equilibrium. The model used Maxwell's equations to simulate the physical behavior of the arc. A 100-kHz UFMP-GTAW arc model was generated and analyzed using simulation technology. The results show that the macroscopic morphology of the 100-kHz UFMP-GTAW arc obtained through simulation remains highly stable within a single-pulse cycle, which is consistent with the actual steady-state arc images. The high-intensity energy regions inside the arc exhibit regular droplet-like flows that migrate from the cathode to the anode. Variations in the current, temperature, and current density exhibit asynchronous characteristics. The peak and average values of parameters such as the arc temperature and current density have increased significantly. This method’s unique current waveform design and ultrahigh-frequency mechanism enable it to achieve a high-energy state of arc plasma at a lower average current level, which provides a reference for the precise control of welding quality and improves the welding energy utilization efficiency.
Research on Instance Segmentation of Sunspot Groups Based on ConvNeXt-V2
Authors: He Yuanbo , Lee Haeyoung , Liu Yaming , Yang Linyu , Zhang Lanlan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Classification and segmentation of sunspot groups are valuable for analyzing the evolution of sunspot magnetic fields, which is closely associated with solar flare eruptions. This study presents a deep learning-based method tailored for the Mount Wilson magnetic classification and segmentation of sunspot groups. Utilizing data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager collected from 2010 June to 2024 April, we created a labeled data set of 3916 composite images. The data set was split into training and testing sets in a 4:1 ratio to facilitate practical model training and evaluation. The study applies the ConvNeXt-V2 model, which integrating a Fully Convolutional Masked Autoencoder and a Global Response Normalization layer to enhance feature extraction capabilities and computational efficiency. The model achieves significant parameter reduction by leveraging the inverted residual bottleneck structure and depthwise separable convolutions. During training, a combination of Stochastic Gradient Descent and AdamW optimizers improves model accuracy and generalization ability. The model demonstrates strong performance in classification and segmentation tasks, attaining a mean AP@0.5 of 0.90 in classification and 0.88 in segmentation. Mean Precision exceeds 0.9, with mean Recall and F1-Score nearing 0.9 in classification task. Confusion matrix analysis reveals minor confusions between similar categories. Additionally, confidence heatmap analysis shows that smaller sunspots display lower segmentation confidence scores, highlighting challenges in small-target segmentation.