bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructive ossiculoplasty options in primary cholesteatoma surgeries with an intact stapes
Authors: Acke Frederic , Kostadinov Filip , Schlegel Christoph , Linder Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In primary cholesteatoma patients, incus destruction with an intact and mobile stapes is a frequent finding. Different techniques have been described to restore the ossicular chain, including incus interposition, stapes augmentation and type III tympanoplasty. Controversy about postoperative hearing results in open versus closed surgical techniques exist.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical, surgical and audiometric data of patients with primary cholesteatoma surgery operated between 2010 and 2020, and a mobile stapes and one-stage ossicular reconstruction. Pre- and post-operative audiograms were compared for the different surgical groups, mainly focusing on postoperative air–bone gap. Mastoid pneumatization and ventilation was also considered.

Results
The mean postoperative air–bone gap (0.5–4 kHz) of the 126 included patients was 20 dB. Hearing after type III tympanoplasty (26 dB) was worse than incus interposition (19 dB) and stapes augmentation (20 dB). Hearing after an open (23 dB) versus closed (19 dB) surgical technique was significantly different. No improvement in air–bone gap was observed for the higher frequencies.

Conclusion
A residual postoperative air–bone gap should be considered after primary cholesteatoma surgery with intact and mobile stapes. Incus interposition in closed cavity operation is the optimal situation, but open cavity surgery should not be avoided because of hearing. Extent of the disease is prioritized and poorer ventilation before and after surgery may affect postoperative hearing.
Quenching of basaltic melts by volatile exsolution
Authors: Ballhaus Chris , Pakulla Josua , Wirth Richard , Roddatis Vladimir , Schreiber Anja , Münker Carsten , Wombacher Frank , Kronz Andreas , Fonseca Raúl O. C. , Cieszynski Hanna , Friedrich Hans-Henning 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNormally, volatiles in silicate melts are ephemeral components that escape as gases when the melt reaches fluid saturation. When fluid saturation occurs at elevated pressure, magmatic fluids may have large amounts of oxide solute dissolved, are less volatile, and may resemble viscous gels. In Cyprus we have the rare case that solutes of a magmatic fluid coexist with H2O saturated basaltic to boninitic glasses. Quenching of the melts and fluid solutes was induced by fluid segregation. When the fluids exsolved, the liquidus temperature was raised and the melts were left supercooled, while the system temperature remained ± constant. Quenching rates deduced from the morphologies and compositions of quench crystals were high. We analyzed coexisting glasses and fluid solutes for major and trace elements. The fluid mobile trace elements (Rb, K, Pb, Sr) are enriched in both the glasses and fluid solutes. Both endmembers (melt and fluid) have a common parentage and originated within a hydrous mantle source. The glasses have 2.5 ± 0.25 wt.% H2O and record residual H2O contents left after fluid exsolution was completed. Water contents in glasses correspond to an H2O partial pressure (pH2O) of 65 ± 10 MPa and an emplacement depth on the seafloor of 6500 ± 1000 m, provided equilibrium was reached between the pH2O imposed by the melts and the seawater column. Following fluid exsolution, the degree of supercooling ∆T of the melts relative to the dry MgO-in-melt liquidus temperature was  – 65 ± 10 °C. The cooling rate ∆T/t at the time of crystallization of dendritic clinopyroxene crystals can be semi-quantified from the distribution of Al2O3 between metastable clinopyroxene dendrites and melt, to at least  – 50 °C h−1. Toward the end of the article we speculate if other cases exist where quenching was triggered by fluid exsolution. A possible example are spinifex textures deep inside komatiite flows where quenching rates by conductive cooling did not exceed 0.3 to 1 °C h−1. Our proposition assumes that many spinifex-textured komatiites were hydrous, that they contained H2O in quantities sufficient to reach fluid saturation at emplacement pressure, and that spinifex textures formed as a result of supersaturation by fluid loss.
Lumped model for the calculation of harmonic eddy current losses in permanent magnets for homogeneous flux distributions considering eddy current reaction flux
Authors: Königs Mike , Löhlein Bernd 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis is the first of a series of papers on novel methods for the calculation of eddy current losses in permanent magnets (PMs) and the shortcomings of previously conducted analyses. Eddy current losses in PMs and their mitigation are significant factors when designing inverter-fed electric drives. Especially with the need for drives with high power density, a trend toward increased rotational speeds and, therefore, higher fundamental frequencies and inverter switching frequencies are observable. Higher harmonic frequency components of concentrated windings and fractional slot windings are widely taken into account when designing rare sintered earth magnets for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). However, inverter-related losses are rarely simulated in Finite Element Method (FEM) co-simulations and can contribute as a major factor to the power losses in PMSMs. In the worst case, this neglection can lead to the thermal demagnetization of the permanent magnets. Segmentation provides an effective measure to limit eddy current losses. However, not every kind of segmentation proves effective in a drive application. Depending on the frequency behavior of the magnetic flux in a permanent magnet, segmentation can increase eddy current losses within the magnet compared to a non-segmented magnet. This behavior is due to the reaction to the flux caused by the eddy currents within the magnet. The reaction of the eddy currents is often neglected [1, 2], and, in other cases, the vicinity of ferromagnetic material is neglected in analytical calculations [3] but proves crucial for the exact calculation of higher frequency losses [4, 5]. In this paper, an analytical solution to calculate harmonic eddy current losses in permanent magnets, including the reaction flux with homogeneous excitation, is given.
Factors affecting augmented reality head-mounted device performance in real OR
Authors: Suter Daniel , Hodel Sandro , Liebmann Florentin , Fürnstahl Philipp , Farshad Mazda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Over the last years, interest and efforts to implement augmented reality (AR) in orthopedic surgery through head-mounted devices (HMD) have increased. However, the majority of experiments were preclinical and within a controlled laboratory environment. The operating room (OR) is a more challenging environment with various confounding factors potentially affecting the performance of an AR-HMD. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of an AR-HMD in a real-life OR setting.

Methods
An established AR application using the HoloLens 2 HMD was tested in an OR and in a laboratory by two users. The accuracy of the hologram overlay, the time to complete the trial, the number of rejected registration attempts, the delay in live overlay of the hologram, and the number of completely failed runs were recorded. Further, different OR setting parameters (light condition, setting up partitions, movement of personnel, and anchor placement) were modified and compared.

Results
Time for full registration was higher with 48 s (IQR 24 s) in the OR versus 33 s (IQR 10 s) in the laboratory setting (p < 0.001). The other investigated parameters didn’t differ significantly if an optimal OR setting was used. Within the OR, the strongest influence on performance of the AR-HMD was different light conditions with direct light illumination on the situs being the least favorable.

Conclusion
AR-HMDs are affected by different OR setups. Standardization measures for better AR-HMD performance include avoiding direct light illumination on the situs, setting up partitions, and minimizing the movement of personnel.
Intracranial lesion features in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: relation to neurointensive care variables and clinical outcome
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Hånell Anders , Enblad Per , Lewén Anders 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The primary aim was to determine the association of intracranial hemorrhage lesion type, size, mass effect, and evolution with the clinical course during neurointensive care and long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
In this observational, retrospective study, 385 TBI patients treated at the neurointensive care unit at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, were included. The lesion type, size, mass effect, and evolution (progression on the follow-up CT) were assessed and analyzed in relation to the percentage of secondary insults with intracranial pressure > 20 mmHg, cerebral perfusion pressure < 60 mmHg, and cerebral pressure autoregulatory status (PRx) and in relation to Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended.

Results
A larger epidural hematoma (p < 0.05) and acute subdural hematoma (p < 0.001) volume, greater midline shift (p < 0.001), and compressed basal cisterns (p < 0.001) correlated with craniotomy surgery. In multiple regressions, presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (p < 0.001) and intracranial hemorrhage progression on the follow-up CT (p < 0.01) were associated with more intracranial pressure-insults above 20 mmHg. In similar regressions, obliterated basal cisterns (p < 0.001) were independently associated with higher PRx. In a multiple regression, greater acute subdural hematoma (p < 0.05) and contusion (p < 0.05) volume, presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (p < 0.01), and obliterated basal cisterns (p < 0.01) were independently associated with a lower rate of favorable outcome.

Conclusions
The intracranial lesion type, size, mass effect, and evolution were associated with the clinical course, cerebral pathophysiology, and outcome following TBI. Future efforts should integrate such granular data into more sophisticated machine learning models to aid the clinician to better anticipate emerging secondary insults and to predict clinical outcome.
Modeling the Impact of Public Infrastructure investments in the U.S.: A CGE Analysis
Authors: Suárez-Cuesta David , Latorre Maria C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study offers a computable general equilibrium analysis of the $550 billion devoted to new infrastructure investment (new and remodeled physical infrastructure for transportation, information and public services) in the United States under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, a federal law signed by President Joseph Biden in November 2021. The simulations are based on the state-level distribution of funds and distinguish between the construction phase (short run) and the operational phase (long run). Gross domestic product (GDP) and labor demand react to the government spending stimulus after the first year by growing 0.24% and 0.44%, respectively. The gains derived from this investment plan are higher in the long term once investments increase the country’s capital stock; GDP increases by 1.39% and wages by 3.94%. This paper analyzes the efficiency of the current distribution of funds across sectors, and finds that the current distribution benefits the United States economy more. Even though a slightly higher GDP impact could have been reached (1.42%) if all the funds were devoted to transport services, the price increases would result in lower real wage increases.
Quantitative trait loci mapping of polyphenol metabolites from a ‘Latham’ x ‘Glen Moy’ red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L) cross
Authors: McDougall G. J. , Allwood J. W. , Dobson G. , Austin C. , Verrall S. , Alexander C. J. , Hancock R. D. , Graham J. , Hackett C. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic control of polyphenol accumulation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L).

Methods
The levels of total anthocyanins and 37 individual polyphenol metabolites were measured over three years in a raspberry biparental mapping population. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits were mapped onto a high-density SNP linkage map.

Results
At least one QTL was detected for each trait, with good consistency among the years. On four linkage groups (LG), there were major QTLs affecting several metabolites. On LG1, a QTL had large effects on anthocyanins and flavonols containing a rutinoside or rhamnose group. On LG4, a QTL had large effects on several flavonols and on LG5 and LG6 QTLs had large effects on ellagic acid derivatives. Smaller QTLs were found on LG2 and LG3.

Conclusion
The identification of robust QTLs for key polyphenols in raspberry provides great potential for marker-assisted breeding for improved levels of potentially health beneficial components.
Test Methods for the Mechanical Characterization of Flexure Hinges
Authors: Meyer P. , Finder J. , Hühne C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The design of compliant mechanisms requires detailed knowledge about the stiffness properties of their flexible segments. However, there are no standardized test methods for flexure hinges, and therefore the influence of manufacturing-specific effects, such as anisotropy, on the stiffness properties cannot be quantified.

Objective
This paper presents novel test methods for variable cross-section flexure hinges subjected to large deformations and pure bending loading, which determine the bending stiffness of flexure hinges over their entire deflection range using a universal testing machine.

Methods
The novel test methods for flexure hinges are based on the tensile test, the four-point bending test (FPBT), and the column bending test (CBT). These test methods were initially formulated for constant cross-section specimens, but are adapted in this study to examine variable cross-section specimens. The derived test methods are validated by using isotropic materials with well-known properties and by comparing the calculated deflections with deflections measured by means of image processing.

Results
The deflection validation shows that the adapted CBT (aCBT) is accurate over the entire deflection range, achieving curvature of up to $$\kappa =0.40\;\text {mm}^{-1}$$

κ
=
0.40

mm

-
1

, whereas the maximum curvature in the adapted FPBT (aFPBT) is limited by the test methodology to about $$\kappa =0.15\;\text {mm}^{-1}$$

κ
=
0.15

mm

-
1

. At small strains, the flexural modulus determined in the aCBT and aFPBT agrees well with the Young’s modulus determined in the tensile test, as would be expected for isotropic materials.

Conclusion
The aCBT proves to be a suitable test method for flexure hinges at large deflections, whereas the stiffness characterization at small deflections can be performed with both the aCBT and the aFPBT. The presented test methods validated on isotropic materials form the basis for characterizing anisotropic flexure hinges with geometry-dependent stiffness properties.
Networking and cryptography library with a non-repudiation flavor for blockchain
Authors: Rasslan Mohamed , Nasreldin Mahmoud M. , Abdelrahman Doaa , Elshobaky Aya , Aslan Heba 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlockchain is currently one of the most widely discussed inventions in the information and communication technology industry. It is a pillar of the fourth industrial revolution and it is a cryptographically demanding technology that is regarded as one of the most influential topics in academia. Many blockchain platforms currently utilize third-party cryptographic libraries that offer many cryptographic primitives in order to ensure users' protection against cyber-attacks. The Networking and Cryptography library (NaCl) is an open-source library for cryptographic primitives. NaCl is known to be one of the best libraries that provide usability property. Although NaCl is easy to use and ensures: confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity, it fails to provide the non-repudiation service. In this paper, an improvement to the blockchain platforms is proposed by enhancing the NaCl library to achieve the non-repudiation property that enhances the security level of the implemented blockchain platform. In NaCl, to provide the aforementioned security services, messages are signed and then encrypted. Therefore, the non-repudiation service is not provided. In this paper, the proposed solution is based on adding a signature block to enable a non-repudiation property. First, logical analysis is conducted using the BAN logic on the NaCl library to prove that it does not provide the non-repudiation property. Subsequently, a modification to the library is proposed, and the correctness of the proposed solution is proven using BAN logic. The analysis suggests that the proposed solution fixes the aforementioned problem.
Früher war alles besser? Mathematikleistungen von Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten von 1964 und 1996 im Vergleich
Authors: Rolfes Tobias , Robitzsch Alexander , Heinze Aiso 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungGemäß der Wahrnehmung insbesondere von Hochschullehrenden verringern sich die Fähigkeiten der Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten im Fach Mathematik seit Jahrzehnten beständig. Allerdings liegen bisher kaum empirische Untersuchungen zur Trendentwicklung der Mathematikleistungen in der gymnasialen Oberstufe vor. Um der Frage nachzugehen, ob sich die vermutete negative Trendentwicklung empirisch nachweisen lässt, wurden die Mathematikleistungen von Abiturienten und Abiturienten in Hessen und Schleswig-Holstein untersucht. Dazu wurde eine Sekundäranalyse der Daten aus der First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) von 1964 und der Third International Science and Mathematics Study (TIMSS) von 1996 vorgenommen. Dabei wurden die Daten aus FIMS und TIMSS mit Hilfe der Item-Response-Theorie neu skaliert und anhand der neun Trenditems über ein Mean-Mean-Linking verbunden. Anschließend wurden die Mathematikleistungen von 1964 und 1996 durch ein Equipercentile-Equating in die TIMSS-Metrik überführt und in das TIMSS-Kompetenzstufenmodell eingeordnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich die Mathematikleistungen der Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten von 1964 und 1996 in den beiden Bundesländern Hessen und Schleswig-Holstein nicht signifikant unterschieden und sich die vermutete negative Trendentwicklung für diese beiden Bundesländer empirisch nicht belegen lässt.
Deletion of TRPC6, an Autism Risk Gene, Induces Hyperexcitability in Cortical Neurons Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Shin Kyung Chul , Ali Gowher , Ali Moussa Houda Yasmine , Gupta Vijay , de la Fuente Alberto , Kim Hyung-Goo , Stanton Lawrence W. , Park Yongsoo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder linked to numerous rare, inherited, and arising de novo genetic variants. ASD often co-occurs with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy, which are associated with hyperexcitability of neurons. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying hyperexcitability in ASD remain poorly understood. Transient receptor potential canonical-6 (TRPC6) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that regulates store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and is a candidate risk gene for ASD. Using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)–derived cortical neurons, single-cell calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recording, we show that TRPC6 knockout (KO) reduces SOCE signaling and leads to hyperexcitability of neurons by increasing action potential frequency and network burst frequency. Our data provide evidence that reduction of SOCE by TRPC6 KO results in neuronal hyperexcitability, which we hypothesize is an important contributor to the cellular pathophysiology underlying hyperactivity in some ASD.
Case report: a successful treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors was associated with severe dermatologic toxicities in a patient with double primary malignancies
Authors: Li Xi , Lei Yi , Liu Jiyan , Lin Hongyin , Chen Kexin , yin Fang , Wang Chunhui , Zhang Hu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDermatological toxicities are well-recognized immune-related adverse events (irAEs) secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use. Corticosteroids are considered the first-line therapy for grade 3 or grade 4 skin irAEs, but long-term usage of corticosteroids may abolish the effect of ICIs. Multiple antitumor therapies might be an influencing factor in an increased incidence of skin irAEs. The safety and prognostic value in resuming ICIs after irAEs has been inconsistently reported, especially the severe skin irAE. We report a case of a 75-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and prostate cancer with a Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)-like eruption. The severe rash might have been induced by resuming pembrolizumab was successfully treated with a combination of corticosteroids, gamma globulin, and immunosuppressants. Early detection of dermatologic toxicity is crucial, especially for patients receiving multiple antitumor treatments. We should treat ICI resumption seriously after skin irAE.
A cooperative adaptive genetic algorithm for reentrant hybrid flow shop scheduling with sequence-dependent setup time and limited buffers
Authors: Zheng Qianqian , Zhang Yu , Tian Hongwei , He Lijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with a reentrant hybrid flow shop problem with sequence-dependent setup time and limited buffers where there are multiple unrelated parallel machines at each stage. A mathematical model with the minimization of total weighted completion time is constructed for this problem. Considering the complexity of the problem at hand, an effective cooperative adaptive genetic algorithm (CAGA) is proposed. In the algorithm, a dual chain coding scheme and a staged-hierarchical decoding approach are, respectively, designed to encode and decode each solution. Six dispatch heuristics and a dynamic adjustment method are introduced to define initial population. To balance the exploration and exploitation abilities, three effective operations are implemented: (1) two new crossover and mutation operators with collaborative mechanism are imposed on genetic algorithm; (2) an adaptive adjustment strategy is introduced to re-optimize better solutions after mutation operations, where ant colony search algorithm and modified greedy heuristic are intelligently switched; (3) a reset strategy with dynamic variable step strategy is embedded to re-generate some non-improved solutions. A Taguchi method of design of experiment is adopted to calibrate the parameter values in the presented algorithm. Comparison experiments are executed on test instances with different scale problems. Computational results show that the proposed CAGA is more effective and efficient than several well-known algorithms in solving the studied problem.