bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preemptive anticoagulation of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Woo Christopher , Sun Wei , Thein Paul , Chong Mae Yi , Tan Ethan , Junckerstorff Ralph 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary embolism (PE) is a life‐threatening disease where preemptive anticoagulation is recommended by guidelines for patients with intermediate to high pretest risk of PE.AimsThe primary objective of our study was to describe the use of preemptive anticoagulation from the emergency department (ED) or inpatient wards stratified by risk assessment score.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for investigation of PE. Patients were classified as either ED patients or hospital ward patients based on where the CTPA was requested. The pretest risk of PE was calculated using the Revised Geneva Score (RGS) and patients were divided into low and intermediate to high risk.ResultsA total of 392 consecutive patients who underwent CTPA at Monash Health were reviewed. There were 108 (27.6%) patients who were categorised as low risk (RGS 0–3) and 284 (72.4%) categorised as intermediate to high risk (RGS >3). There were 29 (7.4%) patients overall who received preemptive anticoagulation. Diagnostic yield of CTPA in the ED was low, with only four of 144 (2.8%) CTPA scans positive for PE. The yield of CTPA was higher in ward patients, with 63 of 248 (25.4%) being diagnostic of PE.ConclusionsThe use of preemptive anticoagulation for suspected PE was uncommon and was not influenced by the pretest probability of PE as determined by a validated clinical prediction tool. This may reflect concerns regarding haemorrhagic complications without any clear evidence of benefit. Diagnostic yield of CTPA performed in the ED was low.
Pancreatic stellate cell‐derived exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ promotes proliferation and mobility of pancreatic cancer through AXIN2
Authors: Cao Wenpeng , Dai Shisi , Ruan Wanyuan , Long Tingting , Zeng Zhirui , Lei Shan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) through mechanisms that remain unclear. Exosomes secreted from PSCs act as mediators for communication in PC. This study aimed to explore the role of PSC‐derived exosomal small RNAs derived from tRNAs (tDRs) in PC cells. Exosomes from PSCs were extracted and used to detect their effects on PC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Exosomal tDRs profiling was performed to identify PSC‐derived exosomal tDRs. ISH and qRT‐PCR were used to examine the tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ levels and clinical value in clinical samples. The biological function of exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ was determined using the CCK‐8, clone formation, wound healing and transwell assays, subcutaneous tumour formation and lung metastatic models. The relationship between the selected exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ and AXIN2 was determined by RNA sequencing, luciferase reporter assay. PSC‐derived exosomes promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC cells. Novel and abundant tDRs are found to be differentially expressed in PANC‐1 cells after treatment with PSC‐derived exosomes, such as tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ. PC tissue samples showed markedly higher levels of tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ than normal controls. Patients with PC exhibiting high tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ expression had a highly lymph node invasion, metastasis, perineural invasion, advanced clinical stage and poor overall survival. Exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ from PSCs targeted AXIN2 in PC cells and decreased its expression, thus activating the Wnt pathway and promoting proliferation and metastasis. Exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ from PSCs promoted proliferation and metastasis in PC cells via AXIN2.
Inactivation of foodborne and other pathogenic bacteria with pyrrolidine based fatty acid amide derivatives
Authors: Olanya Ocen M. , Yosief Hailemichael O. , Ashby Richard D. , Niemira Brendan A. , Sarker Majher I. , Ukuku Dike O. , Mukhopadhyay Sudarsan , Msanne Joseph , Fan Xuetong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFoodborne pathogens are a persistent threat to food and consumer safety. To mitigate outbreaks and contamination incited by these pathogens, the development of novel preventative safety controls and biorational inactivation measures are paramount. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficacy of pyrrolidine‐based amide derivatives of decanoic (DEPY), lauric (LAPY), myristic (MYPY) and palmitic (PAPY) fatty acids for in‐vitro inhibition and inactivation of various Gram‐positive bacterial strains including Listeria monocytogenes (typically associated with foodborne illness), Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus (both normally present in the oral cavity and involved with dental caries). Compared to no treatment (control), significant differences (P < 0.05) in the growth of Listeria strains were seen in‐vitro with increased inhibition at higher amide concentrations (10,000–20,000 ppm). Furthermore, in‐vitro growth inhibition of B. subtilis, S. sobrinus, and S. mutans was also observed with an effectiveness of LAPY>MYPY>PAPY>DEPY. In co‐inoculation assays, LAPY treatment significantly reduced Listeria growth from 1.55 to >5.0 Log CFU/mL when a concentration range of 5 to 250 ppm was applied. Moreover, Listeria populations on pathogen‐inoculated produce were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced from 0.51 to >3.00 Log CFU/g with greater inactivation on carrots compared to alfalfa, soybean, and pistachio. These results demonstrated the potential value of these FA amides against Gram‐positive pathogenic bacteria. Biorational applications of antibacterial FA amides on fresh produce as a postharvest intervention process offers a great potential for enhancement of food safety.
Hypoxia caused by unilateral nasal obstruction decreases mandibular density in rats through inhibition of Cyp1a1 expression
Authors: Xu Yixin , Wang Yixin , Xiao Hui , Li Yongming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral breathing has an important impact on morphology and bone mineral density (BMD) in a mandible. This study aimed to investigate the hub genes and mechanism regulating the mandibular BMD decrease induced by nasal obstruction.MethodsA unilateral nasal obstruction model was established in 1‐week‐old Wistar rats by electrocautery obstruction. BMD of the mandible was determined by micro‐computed tomography. Transcriptome analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Hub genes were identified by building protein–protein interaction network and verified by western blot. A hypoxic cell model was established in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by using CoCl2. The expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), NF‐kB ligand–receptor activator (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and Cyp1a1 was detected by western blot.ResultsThe mandibular BMD of rats in the unilateral nasal obstruction group was significantly decreased. A total of 38 DEGs were identified in nasal obstruction rats compared with normal rats. A ratio of RANKL/OPG in the mandible was elevated by nasal obstruction, while the Cyp1a1 was decreased. In vitro, the HIF‐1α expression and RANKL/OPG ratio were upregulated by hypoxia while the Cyp1a1 expression was decreased. Pretreatment with Cyp1a1 activator, FICZ, could increase the expression of Cyp1a1 while attenuating the activation of HIF‐1α and RANKL.ConclusionRespiratory changes caused by nasal obstruction contribute to the decrease in Cyp1a1 expression in the mandible of juvenile rats, which is associated with disturbances in bone homeostasis controlled by the RANKL/OPG ratio.
No doctor is an island
Authors: Looman Natasja , Battal Noël , Vanstone Meredith 
Published: July 2023

In this commentary, the authors highlight the importance of intraprofessional communities of practice (CoPs) for specialists and family physicians practicing comprehensive evidence‐based care. The authors explore how power dynamics can be meaningfully incorporated into continuing medical education to reap the multi‐perspectival benefit of intraprofessional CoPs for continuing professional development and medical education.The authors highlight how power dynamics can be meaningfully incorporated into intraprofessional communities of practice to reap benefits for comprehensive evidence‐based care
Patients' recollections of helmet‐CPAP treatment during COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Lucchini Alberto , Villa Marta , Fumagalli Letizia , Carra Agnese , Magri Denise , Mariconti Ilenia , Napoli Stefania , Elli Stefano , Giani Marco , Bambi Stefano 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring the pandemic outbreak, helmet continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was widely used as respiratory support for COVID‐19 patients, inside and outside of intensive care units. The available literature suggests specific interventions to improve the comfort of patients treated with helmet‐CPAP. Few reports are available on the experiences of patients undergoing this treatment.AimThis qualitative study aimed to explore the views and recollections of COVID‐19 patients undergoing helmet‐CPAP.Study DesignWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with thematic analysis. Participants were recruited from the follow‐up programme for COVID‐19 patients discharged from an Italian general intensive care unit. Participants were interviewed by telephone. Data analysis followed the principles of thematic synthesis approach.FindingsWe conducted 29 phone calls in patients eligible for the study. Five participants declared that they did not remember the time spent in hospital on helmet‐CPAP. Twenty‐four patients were then included. Two themes and six subthemes were generated from their interview data: (1) The helmet‐CPAP as a life‐saving treatment (subthemes: recognition of the usefulness of treatment and resilience); (2) the negative feelings related to helmet‐CPAP application (subthemes: communication problems, entrapment, mental confusion, fear of dying). Each patient's experience was unique, but some discomfort elements such as noise, gas flow turbulence, choking sensation and thirst were found to be very common.ConclusionsThe application of helmet‐CPAP treatment generated positive and negative memories and feelings in COVID‐19 patients during the pandemic. The patients' experience has provided an overview of the main factors of discomfort. This can be a starting point for taking corrective measures to promote greater helmet tolerance and subsequent treatment success.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study has provided an insight into the patient's recollections about helmet‐CPAP treatment during a worldwide pandemic. The findings suggested strict applications of interventions aimed to reduce some issues that participants reported, to improve their compliance to treatment. Results from this study could help nurses in understanding the needs of patients treated with helmet‐CPAP and may foster a care focused on patient‐centred outcomes.
Heat shock and iron limitation modulate the metabolic profile of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES‐88
Authors: Balloo Nandani , Mehjabin Jakia Jerin , Phan Chin‐Soon , Okino Tatsufumi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES‐88, which can produce microcystins, micropeptins, and argicyclamides, was subjected to a one strain many compounds (OSMAC) analysis. We report its response to two environmental stressors, temperature and iron limitation, by means of untargeted and targeted metabolomics. The results demonstrated a slower specific growth rate of 0.20 per day and 0.16 per day in adverse conditions of 37°C and iron limitation, respectively. The metabolic signature of M. aeruginosa was highly dependent on incubation temperatures. Production of microcystins LR and RR was severely downregulated while that of argicyclamide B was significantly upregulated, with a highest 10‐fold increase on day 14 of heat shock treatment. M. aeruginosa NIES‐88 was found to produce a new compound, argicyclamide D (1), in iron limited medium, which has the same macrocyclic structure as the previously reported analogs. Hence, it is proposed that acclimation of M. aeruginosa to environmental stressors might be mediated by a change in the metabolic pathways as well as modulation of the levels of their expressed metabolites.
Association of perceived and objective neighborhood walkability with accelerometer‐measured physical activity and sedentary time in the Maastricht Study
Authors: Chan Jeffrey Alexander , Bosma Hans , Drosinou Connie , Timmermans Erik J. , Savelberg Hans , Schaper Nicolaas , Schram Miranda T. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Lakerveld Jeroen , Koster Annemarie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the association of neighborhood walkability with accelerometer‐measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) and examined whether objective and subjective measures of walkability resulted in similar findings.MethodsPA and SB from the first 7689 Maastricht Study participants ages 40–75 from 2010 to 2017 were measured using accelerometers for 7 days. Mean daily step count, light‐intensity PA, moderate‐ to vigorous‐ intensity PA (MVPA), and SB were calculated. Objective walkability was measured by the 7‐component Dutch Walkability Index within 500 m Euclidean buffers around residential addresses of participants. Subjective walkability was obtained from the Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Linear regression models analyzed the associations of walkability with PA and SB, controlling for potential confounders.ResultsObjective walkability was negatively associated with light intensity PA in the most walkable quartile (b = −14.58, 95% CI = −20.94, −8.23). Compared to participants living in the least walkable neighborhoods, those in the most walkable quartile had statistically significantly higher SB levels (b = 11.64, 95% CI = 4.95, 18.32). For subjective walkability, mean daily step count was significantly higher in the most walkable quartile (b = 509.60, 95% CI = 243.38, 775.81). Higher subjective walkability was positively associated with MVPA (b = 4.40, 95% CI = 2.56, 6.23).ConclusionLiving in a neighborhood with higher objective walkability was associated with lower levels of PA and higher SB levels while higher subjective walkability was associated with higher levels of PA. These results show discordant findings and thus, the effect of walkability on participant PA and SB within our sample is to be determined.
Blinded by trust in close others: Examining the effect of social closeness on cooperative behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Côté Éloïse , Dorfman Anna , Lacourse Éric , Lina Jean‐Marc , Pelletier‐Dumas Mathieu , Stolle Dietlind , de la Sablonnière Roxane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the context of public health crises such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is essential that individuals cooperate by complying with preventive measures (e.g., wearing a mask). The current research examines how high trust in close others is linked to less cooperation—that is, less compliance with measures—and thus, undermines collective interests. Specifically, we test whether individuals are less willing to comply with preventive measures when interacting with close others they trust. We conducted two experiments in which participants read a vignette depicting a social interaction with either close others (e.g., family) or strangers. Participants had to report the extent to which they would (1) trust the other people in the situation and (2) comply with the mask wearing and physical distancing measures during this interaction. In both experiments, we find that when individuals are considering an interaction with close others, they report experiencing higher trust which is then linked to lower compliance with preventive measures. In Experiment 2, we further demonstrate that participants report less compliance with preventive measures around close others, even when they perceive non‐compliance with the measures as morally “wrong”. Our findings shed light on the challenges that compliance with preventive measures poses during social interactions in a context of high trust.
Validation of storage and shipping of feline blood samples for analysis on the Platelet Function Analyzer‐200 for determining the effect of clopidogrel
Authors: Kornya Matthew R. , Abrams‐Ogg Anthony C. G. , Blois Shauna L. , Wood R. Darren 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Platelet function analyzer‐200 (PFA‐200) can determine the effect of clopidogrel in cats, but analysis traditionally must be performed at point‐of‐care (POC). The ability to ship samples of blood to a laboratory would allow widespread access.ObjectivesWe aimed to validate the shipping of blood samples for PFA‐200 analysis in cats to determine the effect of clopidogrel.MethodsTwenty healthy cats and 10 cats receiving clopidogrel were recruited. Blood was collected from cats and aliquoted into two samples, one was analyzed at POC within 2 hours using the PFA‐200, and the other was packaged and transported to a location 4 km away, stored, and transported back to the lab for analysis the following day.ResultsMedian closure times (CTs) with the collagen/adenosine diphosphate (COL/ADP) cartridge in healthy cats were 51.5 seconds (POC) and 78.8 seconds (shipped), which were significantly different (P < 0.001), and for cats on clopidogrel, median CTs were 147.5 seconds (POC) and 190 seconds (shipped), which were not significantly different (P = 0.131). Median CTs with the P2Y cartridge in healthy cats were 50.5 seconds (POC) and 64.9 seconds (shipped), which were significantly different (P = 0.03), and in cats receiving clopidogrel, median CTs were 300 seconds (POC) and 300 seconds (shipped) which were not significantly different (P = 1.000). Reference intervals for CTs differed for COL/ADP at POC (19.8–89.7 seconds) and shipped (50.9–161.6 seconds) and for P2Y at POC (35.5–118.8 seconds) and shipped (35.1–108.9 seconds). Receiver operating characteristics showed similar areas under the curve (AUCROCs) regarding the effect of clopidogrel for COL/ADP at POC (0.994 seconds) and shipped (0.932) and for P2Y at POC (0.904 seconds) and shipped (0.975 seconds). When classifying for the presence of clopidogrel effects, Cohen's Kappa was 0.62 for COL/ADP and 1.00 for P2Y.ConclusionsShipping blood samples for PFA analysis are feasible with similar performance to POC analyses for determining the effect of clopidogrel in cats.
A Lightweight Pre-Crash Occupant Injury Prediction Model Distills Knowledge From Its Post-Crash Counterpart
Authors: Wang Qingfan , Li Ruiyang , Shang Shi , Zhou Qing , Nie Bingbing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Accurate occupant injury prediction in near-collision scenarios is vital in guiding intelligent vehicles to find the optimal collision condition with minimal injury risks. Existing studies focused on boosting prediction performance by introducing deep-learning models but encountered computational burdens due to the inherent high model complexity. To better balance these two traditionally contradictory factors, this study proposed a training method for pre-crash injury prediction models, namely, knowledge distillation (KD)-based training. This method was inspired by the idea of knowledge distillation, an emerging model compression method. Technically, we first trained a high-accuracy injury prediction model using informative post-crash sequence inputs (i.e., vehicle crash pulses) and a relatively complex network architecture as an experienced “teacher”. Following this, a lightweight pre-crash injury prediction model (“student”) learned both from the ground truth in output layers (i.e., conventional prediction loss) and its teacher in intermediate layers (i.e., distillation loss). In such a step-by-step teaching framework, the pre-crash model significantly improved the prediction accuracy of occupant's head abbreviated injury scale (AIS) (i.e., from 77.2% to 83.2%) without sacrificing computational efficiency. Multiple validation experiments proved the effectiveness of the proposed KD-based training framework. This study is expected to provide reference to balancing prediction accuracy and computational efficiency of pre-crash injury prediction models, promoting the further safety improvement of next-generation intelligent vehicles.
Attractors' Analysis and Bifurcation Diagrams for an Impacting Inverted Pendulum in the Presence of a Two-Terms Harmonic Excitation
Authors: Petrini Milena , Demeio Lucio , Lenci Stefano 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we examine the nonlinear dynamics of an inverted pendulum between lateral rebounding barriers. We continue the numerical investigation started in (Demeio et al., 2006, “Response Scenario and Non-Smooth Features in the Nonlinear Dynamics of an Impacting Inverted Pendulum,” ASME J. Comput. Nonlin. Dyn., 1(1), pp. 56–64) by adding the contribution of the second harmonic in the external forcing term. We investigate the behavior of the periodic attractors by bifurcation diagrams with respect to each amplitude and by behavior charts of single attractors in the amplitude parameters plane for fixed frequency. We study the effects of the second harmonic term on the existence domain of each attractor, on local bifurcations, and on the changes in the basins of attraction. The behavior of some robust chaotic attractor is also considered. In the evolution of the periodic attractors we have observed that the addition of the second harmonic generates a rich variety of behaviors, such as loss of stability and formation of isolas of periodic orbits. In the case of chaotic attractors, we have studied one attractor at high frequency, ω = 18, and one at low frequency, ω = 3. In the high frequency case we detect a transition from a scattered to a confined attractor, whereas at the lower frequency the chaotic attractor is present over a wide range of the second harmonic's amplitude. Finally, we extend the investigation of the chaotic attractors by bifurcation diagrams with respect to the frequency.
Investigation on the Printability of Recycled Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites
Authors: Stan Felicia , Sandu Ionut-Laurentiu , Fetecau Catalin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although the production of polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites has grown exponentially over the last years for a variety of applications, the availability of polymer/CNT filaments for use in commercial 3D printing systems is very limited, and, currently, little is known about the printability of recycled polymer/CNT nanocomposites. In this respect, the fused filament fabrication (FFF) of recycled thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/CNT nanocomposites was investigated with a special focus on the piezoresistive behavior. Mechanically recycled and virgin TPU/CNT nanocomposites with different CNT contents (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt% by weight) were subjected to filament extrusion and FFF, and the changes induced by mechanical recycling, CNT contents, and infill orientation were monitored by melt flow index, thermal, mechanical, electrical, and piezoresistive properties. It was found that the recycled TPU nanocomposites exhibit very good printability with mechanical and electrical properties that are generally comparable with those for the virgin nanocomposites, the decrease of the elongation at break at 5 wt% CNTs being the primary challenge for the mechanical recycling of TPU/CNT nanocomposites. The 3D-printed recycled TPU/CNT nanocomposites with 3 wt% and 5 wt% CNTs have very good strain sensing behavior with tunable sensitivity by varying the printing conditions. When targeting strains that suit the human motion (0–68%), the recycled TPU/CNT film sensors printed with 0-infill orientation show higher sensitivity (gauge factor up to 115 and 20 for 3 wt% and 5 wt%, respectively) compared with the virgin TPU/CNT film sensors (gauge factor up to 50 and 15 for 3 wt% and 5 wt%, respectively). The findings of this work provide guidance for assessing the potential of using recycled TPU/CNT nanocomposites for 3D printing strain sensors for a wide range of human motions.