bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micromorphology and analysis of dentin surfaces after preparation with Er:YAG laser and application of self-etch adhesive system with 10-MDP. A confocal laser scanning microscope study
Authors: Simeonov Nikolay , Stefanova Vesela 
Published: June 2023

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the micromorphology of the hybrid layer and the dentinal surface when the dentin was prepared with an Er:YAG laser or burs, and to find if there was any difference if the time of application of the self-etching primer on the dentin prepared with an Er:YAG laser was doubled.
Materials and methods: Fifteen freshly extracted human teeth with preserved crowns were selected. Three cavities were prepared on each extracted tooth. Two of the cavities were prepared with an Er:YAG dental laser, and the third with burs. A self-etching adhesive system was applied. The primer of the adhesive was labeled with Rhodamine B, and the bond was labeled with fluorescein prior to application. The teeth were sectioned mesiodistally through the cavities and the cavity of each sample was examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The infiltration and micromorphology were determined qualitatively on ninety samples.
Results: The dentinal surface in the samples prepared with burs was smoother and with shorter resin tags than the surface prepared with an Er:YAG laser. When using an Er:YAG laser for preparation, crater-like irregularities of the surface were observed. In five of the samples prepared with burs, no resin tags were found. We could not detect any difference in the hybrid layer when the time of application of the adhesive system was increased.
Conclusions: The clinical significance of the tag length and quality, as well as the infiltration ratio, needs to be further studied.
Elective hinge and polyethylene exchange for lower limb tumor endoprostheses: Is it a good idea?
Authors: Chan May F , Chan Lester W M , Cheng Mathew H W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Long-term survival of endoprosthetic implants is a major concern, with reported 20-year survival rates of lower limb tumor endoprostheses at only 25–38%. Mechanical failure of polyethylene (PE)-bearing surfaces may result in irreversible damage and contribute to osteolysis and aseptic loosening. The practice in our institution is to electively change replaceable parts of lower limb endoprosthesis ~7 years after index surgery.

Patients and methods
From 2014 to 2019, five patients underwent an elective change of parts at an average of 7 years from the initial surgery. All patients had rotating-hinge implants including one proximal tibia, three distal femurs, and one total femur prosthesis. Three had a fixed-poly (FP) with a rotating femur (Stryker GMRS), and two had a rotating mobile polyethylene (MP) design (Zimmer ZSS).
PE liners, hinge pin protectors, and bushings were retrieved for analysis. The parts were examined for macroscopic wear and under a light microscope at up to 40 times magnification. Linear wear was measured at standardized points.

Results
There were no major perioperative complications. MP inserts showed minimal burnishing. FP liners showed macroscopically visible surface pitting and posterior edge delamination. Submillimeter linear wear was noted on PE liners, bushings, and hinge pin protectors, with minimal evidence of macroscopic wear.

Conclusion
Elective PE exchange is a possible option for extending the longevity of tumor endoprostheses. The optimal timing of surgery is to be determined. Our retrieval study suggests that 7 years is appropriate for the FP design but may be early for the MP design. Further studies are required to determine implant survival benefits.
Patellar fracture fixation using cannulated screws and Fiber Wire tension band
Authors: Bayomy Elsayed M , Shaheen Mohamed Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the results of patellar fracture fixation using cannulated screws and FiberWire tension band.

Patients and methods
A prospective study was held in Benha University Hospital that included 30 patients with transverse patellar fractures fixed with cannulated screws with FiberWire tension band. All of the patients were followed up for a minimum period of 12 weeks, and the maximum period of follow-up was 24 weeks. Postoperatively, these patients were assessed clinically by the Levack’s score. Fracture union was confirmed radiologically. All patients were evaluated and assessed using the questionnaires at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Subjective evaluation consisted of recording pain using (visual analog scale), with categorization of pain into five levels: none, mild, moderate, severe, and unbearable.

Results
The mean age of the studied patients was 32 ± 9 years, and there was a male predominance (70%). More than half of the patients had right-sided affection (56.7%). The mechanisms of injury were direct (30%), falling (46.6%), or road traffic accidents (RTA) (23.3%). The affected side was the right side in 56.7% and the left side in 43.3%. The median time from injury was 3 days, and it ranged from 1 to 6 days. The mean time of surgery was 41 ± 18 min. All patients showed radiological union at 8 weeks, passive range of motion (ROM) at 4 weeks, active ROM at 6 weeks, start of weight-bearing as tolerated within brace at 4 weeks, and start of weight-bearing and ROM without restrictions at 8 weeks. At the final follow-up at 3 months, the median total Levack’s score was 12, and it ranged from 9 to 12. At 6 months, the median was 12, and the range significantly increased (11–12) (P<0.001). The reported complications were skin infection (13.3%), stiffness (6.7%), and mild pain (53.3%).

Conclusion
The use of cannulated screws with FiberWire tension band technique is a successful efficient treatment of transverse patellar fractures.
Percutaneous screw fixation with bone marrow injection in delayed fracture scaphoid, is it effective: a randomized control study
Authors: Tabl Eslam A , Essay Osama M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Scaphoid is the most commonly injured carpal bone, with over two-thirds of scaphoid fractures occurring at the waist. The anatomy of the scaphoid makes these injuries susceptible to delayed unions or nonunions and can lead to significant morbidity and disability.

Aim
To evaluate the effect of bone marrow injection on bone healing in delayed presented fractures of scaphoid with percutaneous fixation via Herbert screw.

Patient and methods
Forty patients with delayed presented scaphoid fractures treated with percutaneous screw fixation and divided into two groups, group A augments the fixation with bone marrow injection, while group B suffices with fixation only.

Results
All fractures had complete union, but there is a significant acceleration in bone healing in group A than in group B with P value less than 0.05. This is reflected in the other results for group A, according to Mayo wrist score, we have 17 excellent and three good results, while in group B, there were 15 excellent, four good, and one patient with poor results due to nonunion that occurred.

Conclusion
The use of bone marrow is considered a simple and minimally invasive technique. It is safe and has no risk, so we recommend use of bone marrow injection with fixation of delayed presented fractures of scaphoid.
Growth responses of Clarias agboyiensis and C. macromystax fed foreign and indigenous commercial fish feed
Authors: Garba A. A. , Ikenga E. E , Suleiman M. S. , Mustapha I. S , Idris J. , Afar A. , Otuisi B. E. 
Published: June 2023

The study investigated growth responses of the small fish, Clarias agboyiensis and C. macromystax fed with foreign (Coppens and Al aqua) and indigenous (Vital and Blue crown) commercial catfish feed. Fish were grouped into four categories: AA1 to AA4 represented C. agboyiensis fed with Coppens; BB1 to BB4 represented C. macromystax fed with Al aqua; CC1 to CC4 represented C. agboyiensis fed with Vital while DD1 to DD4 represented C. macromystax fed with Blue crown. Fish on foreign feed were fed at 1% of their body weight once a day while those on indigenous feed were treated at 2% body weight twice daily. Each feed contained 60% crude protein. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with 16 fish in each 70 litre water container. Growth responses were estimated using standard procedure. Results showed that C. agboyiensis fed with Coppens at 1% body weight and once daily had the best average final weight of 337.37g, final length of 32.15cm, specific growth rate of 19.65%/day, condition factor of 2.95 and survival rate of 83.5 %. This was followed by C. macromystax fed Al aqua at the same frequency and duration having a final weight of 309.25g, final length of 30.85cm, specific growth rate of 19.40%/day, condition factor of 2.95 and survival rate of 80%. The least growth response was recorded in C. macromystax fed Blue crown. The study indicated that Coppens feed has the best nutrient utilization ability. Thus, fish fed this diet even at 1% biomass and once daily produced the best growth. Therefore, fish could actually be fed once a day for growth and improved meat quality provided the feed quality is adequate.
Association between outdoor play and myopia among children in Cross River State, Nigeria. A case control study
Authors: Charles Kindness, , Ekpenyong Bernadine N. , Agbasimere Simeon C. , Okoi Edward O. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Myopia is a refractive error of the eyes that causes blurred distance vision. Near work, genetics and environmental factors have been implicated as risk factors in Child myopia. This study seeks to determine the association between time spent on outdoor play and myopia among children in Calabar, Nigeria.
Methods: It was a hospital-based case-control study conducted among 120 children (5-17 years old) selected and matched by age and sex from out-patients of the Cross River Eye Care Program. After obtaining parental consents, assent was obtained from the children before conducting comprehensive eye examinations. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of ≥-0.50D. Cases were children diagnosed with myopia and controls were those without myopia. Independent samples t-test and Spearman’s correlation were conducted and P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant at 95% confidence interval.
Results: Cases spent lesser time playing outdoors than controls (M = 1.95 vs 2.40 hours daily, p = 0.01). Spearman’s correlation found a statistically significant, weak, negative correlation between time spent on outdoor play and myopia [rs(118) = -0.217, p = 0.017]. Spending above 2 hours on outdoor play had an OR of 0.37 (95% CI = 0.170 - 0.816).
Conclusion: In this association found between time spent on outdoor play and myopia, as time spent on outdoor play increases, myopia decreases. Increased time spent on outdoor play was a protective factor against myopia. Hence it is recommended that more awareness be created on the protective effect of outdoor play.
Molecular identification of trypanosoma species infecting dogs in nigeria by analysis of partial internal transcribed spacer-1 of RRNA gene
Authors: Umeakuana P.U. , Adepoju O.A. , Takeet M.I. , Chechet G.D. , Dibba L.B.S. , Ezeokonkwo R.C. , Anene B.M. , Balogun E.O. 
Published: June 2023

Trypanosomosis is becoming a major health challenge to dogs in the sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria, but minimal reports are available on the molecular characteristic of trypanosomes infecting dogs in Nigeria. We characterized trypanosomes detected in naturally infected dogs by PCR and sequences analysis of the partial region of the trypanosomes internal transcribed spacer-1of ribosomal RNA (ITS1 rRNA). Animals presented to the University of Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UNVTH) in Nsukka, Nigeria for examination and treatment were sampled for laboratory tests. DNA was extracted from 21 blood samples obtained from dogs that were confirmed positive for trypanosome infection by microscopy. ITS-1 was PCR amplified and sequenced bi-directionally. Sixteen samples have good bands, though one of them had unreadable sequence. Analyses of the sequence data by BLAST search on NCBI identified T. congolense, T. brucei gambiense, and T. evansi in 4.8, 4.8, and 91.4%, respectively, from the analysed samples from the infected dogs. Although the top BLAST hits for T. brucei group were due to T. evansi and T. b. gambiense, there is not enough discriminatory power in ITS-1 to distinguish subspecies. The aligned sequences of the trypanozoon were less polymorphic. Phylogenetic trees inferred by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithms separated trypanozoon group from the T. congolense into two distinct clades. In conclusion, this study suggests that the trypanozoon group of trypanosomes cause more canine trypanosomosis in the study area and suggests inclusion of dogs in strategic planning for control and eradication of trypanosomosis in sub-Sahara African countries.
Review of man to animal transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2)
Authors: Kareem K.O. , Adigun K.O. , Musa Z.A. , Aina O.O. 
Published: June 2023

Coronaviruses infect a wide variety of animals, including birds and mammals, where they cause infection in animals, mutate and cause disease outbreaks in humans. The review focused on the origin and spread of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals. A systematic literature search of PubMed, ProMed-mail, and Google Scholar databases, using keywords "animals", "COVID-19", and "SARS-CoV-2", for articles providing information on animal studies and case reports between December 2019 and September 2021. Published articles included in this review are in English and conducted studies on animals and case reports of human-animal transmission. Fifty-seven COVID-19 in animals published articles featured in this review. Humans can spread the disease to pets (dogs and cats) during close contact when they are clinically infected. Although cats are susceptible to subclinical infection, they developed a robust neutralizing antibody response that prevented re-infection to a second viral challenge in a laboratory setting. Clinically positive Farm workers on mink farms tend to spread the disease to the Minks. Pangolins are a natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2-like CoVs, the Coronaviruses most related to SARSCoV-2. Companion animals living with infected owners are at risk of Man-to-animal spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, applying basic hygiene measures such as handwashing when handling and caring for animals is suggested.
Assessment of health-related quality of life and its determinants among patients with diabetic foot ulcer in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Olarinoye J.K. , Omotoso A.B. , Ogunmodede A.J. , Opeyemi C.M. , Olagbaye B.A. , Sanni N. , Aderibigbe A.B. 
Published: June 2023

Background: The impact of foot ulceration on the psychosocial wellbeing of the Nigerian diabetic patients has not received enough attention. This study therefore attempted to evaluate the effect of diabetic foot ulcer on the quality of life of adults in a Nigerian diabetic population.
Methodology: The impacts of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) on the quality of life (QoL) of 104 adults living with diabetes were assessed using The Diabetes Foot Ulcer Scale and their determinants.
Results: The mean QoL score was 42.25. Fifty-five (53.4%) had poor QoL status while 48 (46.6%) had good QoL. Determinants of poor QoL outcome include low socio-economic status (p = 0.017), lack of a tertiary education (p= 0.027), no diabetes-education (p = < 0.001), low socioeconomic status (p = 0.017), multiple ulcers (p = 0.022) and Wagner grade >3 ulcers (p = 0.004).
Conclusion: Majority of patients with DFU in UITH, Nigeria have poor QoL and most of the predictors of poor QoL outcome are preventable and modifiable.
Effect of psychoactive substance use on academic activities and performance among undergraduates of University of Lagos
Authors: Osalusi B.S. , Koleowo O. , Ogunsemi O.O. , Ogunjimi L. , Afe T.O. , Ale A. , Agboola A.O.J. , Deji-Agboola M.A. 
Published: June 2023

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of psychoactive substance use on academic performance among university students of Lagos undergraduates.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study to assess psychoactive substance use and its relation to academic performance among undergraduate students of the University of Lagos. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data was collected using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire adapted from WHO model core questionnaire self-administered format. Data was collected and analyzed using the free-liscence software package Epi-Info, version 7.2.2.16. Chi square and Fisher's exact were used to test for any significant association between psychoactive substances use and academic performance of the respondents. Level of significance (p) was set at 0.05.
Result. Prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 28.6%. Male and female respondents were270 (69.77%) and 117(30.23%) respectively, with age range between 14 and 30 and mean age of 20.51 (SD)(±2.91) year. Alcohol was the most abused substance with 68.99%, this was followed by cigarette with 20.67% ever use prevalence. The mean age of first use of psychoactive substance was 16.31±3.89. Using the Grade Point Average system from the previous semester, majority of the respondents (87.08%) had GPA >2.50. Both frequency of studying and mean CGPA was statistically better among non-life time users and non-current users of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis in the male group. However there was no statical significance among female group. Using fischer exact test to assess the effect of age of first substance use and mean CGPA. The age of first substance use was statistically significant for tobacco p = 0.007.
Conclusion. Psychoactive substance use among students was common and negatively associated with students’ academic performance especially among male gender.
The genome assembly and annotation of the many-banded krait, Bungarus multicinctus
Authors: Liu Boyang , Cui Liangyu , Deng Zhangwen , Ma Yue , Yang Diancheng , Gong Yanan , Xu Yanchun , Lan Tianming , Yang Shuhui , Huang Song 
Published: June 2023

Snakes are a vital component of wildlife resources and are widely distributed across the globe. The many-banded krait Bungarus multicinctus is a highly venomous snake found across Southern Asia and central and southern China. Snakes are an ancient reptile group, and their genomes can provide important clues for understanding the evolutionary history of reptiles. Additionally, genomic resources play a crucial role in comprehending the evolution of all species. However, snake genomic resources are still scarce. Here, we present a highly contiguous genome of B. multicinctus with a size of 1.51 Gb. The genome contains a repeat content of 40.15%, with a total length exceeding 620 Mb. Additionally, we annotated a total of 24,869 functional genes. This research is of great significance for comprehending the evolution of B. multicinctus and provides genomic information on the genes involved in venom gland functions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Based Injectable Polyurethane Gels
Authors: EMRE Fatma Bilge , KIVILCIM Fadime Nülüfer 
Published: June 2023

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of cellulose-based injectable polyurethane gels for tissue engineering applications. The gels were prepared by combining a cellulose derivative with a polyurethane precursor and crosslinking agent to form a stable gel under physiological conditions. The resulting gels were evaluated for swelling behavior.
The addition of cellulose to polyurethane is a promising approach to improve the properties of polyurethane. Cellulose is an abundant, environmentally friendly and inexpensive polysaccharide polymer widely used in hydrogels, pharmaceuticals and agriculture. The obtained cellulose-based polyurethane composites were characterized in detail using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), swelling test measurements and optical microscopy. The results showed that the obtained composites are suitable for the production of injectable insulating materials. The paper also briefly discusses the various uses of polyurethanes in different fields, including furniture manufacturing, medical devices such as hospital beds, catheters, injection-coated devices, wound dressings and surgical dressings, as well as marine, air and land vehicles. In conclusion, this paper provides valuable insights into the development of cellulose-based injectable polyurethane gels for tissue engineering applications and highlights the potential of cellulose as an additive to enhance the properties of polyurethane. The results of this study may contribute to the development of new and improved biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.
Tecnología y Comunicación en Educación: Fundamentos para su discusión
Authors: Carpio Vera Dinora Alexandra , Intriago Alcívar Glenda Cecibel , Mendiburu Rojas Augusto Franklin , Arellano Romero Johanna Ivette 
Published: June 2023

Sin duda, la virtualidad llegó al mundo educativo con más fuerza que nunca; y lo hizo ¡para quedarse! Por ello, la realización de esta publicación titulada: Tecnología y comunicación en educación: Fundamentos para su discusión; resulta en un documento muy pertinente porque incita al debate permanente, en el ámbito educativo, sobre las implicaciones al incorporar las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación en el hecho didáctico potenciadas, fundamentalmente, por el confinamiento en virtud de la declaración de pandemia que, a pesar de le nueva normalidad, está aún vigente.
Desde esta perspectiva, se presenta la Dra. Dinora Alexandra Carpio Vera; ofreciendo una visión sobre las Apps, como sistema de gestión académico-administrativo en la educación superior. Y es que el Docente del siglo XXI, no solo se destaca por el hecho mismo de la docencia, sino también en el ejercicio gerencial; dado el perfil organizacional que poseen las instituciones educativas y la necesaria optimización de sus procesos, que forman parte de las condiciones para el fortalecimiento del egresado.
Por supuesto, el hecho didáctico; promovido por la propia la naturaleza del ejercicio de la docencia; se ve influenciado por las plataformas digitales, como recurso académico-comunicacional en la educación superior; de lo cual, nos diserta la Dra. Glenda Cecibel Intriago Alcívar. En este sentido, el trabajo es significativo; producto de la dinámica cambiante y permanente de las plataformas no solo educativas, sino además de una gran diversidad de opciones, sobre todo recreativas, a las cuales el sector educativo se enfrenta, para moldear el desarrollo integral del ciudadano.
Como ya se mencionó, la situación pandémica que, aun, afecta a la globalidad; es analizada por el Dr. Augusto Franklin Mendiburu Rojas; desde la perspectiva de su incidencia en el contexto educativo, mediante su disertación sobre: Educación superior, virtualización en el marco de la pandemia covid-19.
Finalmente, la Máster Johanna Ivette Arellano Romero, nos realiza una serie de reflexiones en su apartado titulado: educación superior y las tecnologías de la información y comunicación; sobre la importancia del estudio de este fenómeno y que permite inferir grandes desafíos para los docentes y gerentes educativos en su incorporación al hecho educativo y que permita apuntar a la calidad y excelencia educativa.
Estos aportes, sin lugar a duda, ponen de manifiesto el compromiso de los educadores; en pos del fortalecimiento de la educación y su contribución al desarrollo global.