bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Standardized Curriculum Improves Trainee Rod Bending Proficiency in Spinal Deformity Surgery. Results of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Educational Study
Authors: Levy Hannah A. , Pinter Zachariah W. , Honig Rachel , Salmons Harold I. , Hobson Sandra L. , Karamian Brian A. , Freedman Brett A. , Elder Benjamin D. , Fogelson Jeremy L. , Nassr Ahmad N. , Sebastian Arjun S. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Surgical simulation is increasingly being accepted as a training platform to promote skill development and a safe surgical technique. Preliminary investigations in spine surgery show that simulation paired with educational intervention can markedly improve trainee performance. This study used a newly developed thoracolumbar fusion rod bending model to assess the effect of a novel educational curriculum and simulator training on surgical trainee rod bending speed and proficiency.

Methods:
Junior (PGY1 to 2) and senior (PGY3-fellow) surgical trainees at a single academic institution were prospectively enrolled in a rod bending simulation using a T7-pelvis spinal fusion model. Participants completed two simulations, with 1 month between first and second attempts. Fifty percent of surgeons in each training level were randomized to receive an educational curriculum (rod bending technique videos and unlimited simulator practice) between simulation attempts. Rod bending simulation proficiency was determined by the percentage of participants who completed the task (conclusion at 20 minutes), time to task completion or conclusion, and number of incomplete set screws at task conclusion. Participants completed a preparticipation and postparticipation survey. Univariate analysis compared rod bending proficiency and survey results between education and control cohorts.

Results:
Forty trainees (20 junior and 20 senior) were enrolled, with 20 participants randomized to the education and control cohorts. No notable differences were observed in the first simulation rod bending proficiency or preparticipation survey results between the education and control cohorts. In the second simulation, the education versus the control cohort demonstrated a significantly higher completion rate (P = 0.01), shorter task time (P = 0.009), fewer incomplete screws (P = 0.003), and greater experience level (P = 0.008) and comfort level (P = 0.002) on postparticipation survey.

Discussion:
Trainees who participated in a novel educational curriculum and simulator training relative to the control cohort improved markedly in rod bending proficiency and comfort level. Rod bending simulation could be incorporated in existing residency and fellowship surgical skills curricula.

Level of evidence:
I.
PARADIGMA PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN KH. AHMAD DAHLAN
Authors: Suripto Suripto 
Published: July 2023

Education is a really important matter. many well-known figures, one of which is KH. Ahmad Dahlan. this research is library research with documentary data collection method, and analysis with content analysis. Basic paradigm of KH. Ahmad Dahlan’s concept of educational thought were formed an educational process that was educated by his family, teachers up to he studied in Makkah, and was inspired by his reading leturature books, specially from the thought books of Muhammad Abduh and Jamludin Al-Afghani. Starting from his deep understanding of Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadits Which is contextualized with empirical ralitythrough a philoshopical approach, the construction of the paradigm of Islamic education thought KH. Ahmad Dahlan was placed on the formulation of th concept educational goal. To realize these educational goal, KH Ahmad Dahlan developed a school system educational with combining two educational models, namely the madrasa system and school.
COMPETENCIES FOR EMPLOYABILITY IN THE CIVIL CONSTRUCTION SECTOR: THE CASE OF CIVIL ARTISANS IN TANZANIA
Authors: Mgaya Shukurani , Itika Josephat , D Emmanuel Ndikumana. 
Published: July 2023

The paper assessed the extent to which the training and learning process of civil artisans under vocational education and training meets civil construction employers’ demanded competencies. Data were collected from trainers, learners, employees and employers through semi-structured interviews and structured questionnaires. A qualitative exploratory approach was deployed by using MAXQDA2020 software. Content analysis was used to analyze documents and interview transcripts. The article concludes that at least the hard competencies required for carpenters and masons were well covered by the curriculum and appreciated by employers although, outdated curriculum, inadequate teaching and learning resources, and exposure to practical work have a significant role to play and affect the employability of graduates. Despite, soft competencies including honesty, hard work, professionalism, and discipline were seen to be very important although there was no evidence that they were well imparted. Therefore it was suggested to collaborate with employers in imparting soft competencies.
Meşrutiyetten Cumhuriyete Osmanlı Şehirlerinde Faaliyet Gösteren Nakliye Sigorta Şirketleri Üzerine Tespitler (1908-1923)
Authors: İNCE Erdal 
Published: July 2023

19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Osmanlı şehirleri, Avrupalı devletler için açık pazar haline gelmiştir. Avrupalı tüccarları bu yüzyılda, tüm şehirlerde görmek mümkündür. Osmanlı iç pazarında sektörel olarak elle imal edilen, nerdeyse tüm ürünlerin yerine, fabrikasyon mamuller satılır haldedir. Bu durum, yerli üreticiyi zor duruma sokmuştur. İthal ürünler hem bol, hem de yerli üretime göre daha ucuz olduğu için yerli üretici, bu ürünlerle rekabet edememiştir. Bu sebeple, çoğu yerli üretici dükkânını kapatmak, tezgâhını satmak zorunda kalmıştır.
Avrupalı devletler, tüm sektörlerde olduğu gibi sigortacılık alanında da Osmanlı şehirlerinde, büyük bir nüfuza sahiptir. Bu nüfuzun, 1908 ile 1923 yılları arasında nakliye sigortacılığı alanında daha yoğun hissedildiği görülmektedir. Çünkü o dönemde, ithal ürünlerin Osmanlı limanlarına ve iç pazarına ulaştırılmasında, en büyük sorun, nakliye olarak görülmektedir. Ürünler, nakil esnasında hırsızlık, kaza, ürünün bozulması gibi birçok risk faktörü ile karşı karşıyadır. Bu sebeple birçok yabancı sigorta şirketi, Osmanlı şehirlerinde acente açma ihtiyacı duymuştur. Bu ihtiyaca binaen, Avusturya başta olmak üzere, İngiliz ve Rus şirketlerin ağırlıklı olarak Osmanlı şehirlerinde nakliye alanında hizmet verdiği görülmektedir.
Şirketlerin çalışma alanları, mensubu oldukları ülkeler, acenteleri ve şube açtıkları şehirler incelendiğinde, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son dönemi ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarındaki iktisadi faaliyetler ve şehirlerin yapıları hakkında ciddi ipuçları elde edilmektedir.
Bu makalede, 1908 ve 1923 arasındaki yıllarda, nakliye sigortacılığı konusunda hizmet veren yabancı şirketler üzerine tespitler yapılarak, yabancı şirketlerin, Türk sigortacılığı üzerindeki nüfuzu incelenmiş ve ülkeler arasında acente sayıları açısından kıyaslamalar ile birlikte Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarındaki şehir ve iktisadi yapısı üzerinde tespitlerde bulunulmuştur.
Amerikan Uçak Gemisi Saratoga’nın Muavenet Muhribini Vurması: Türk Kamuoyu Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KORKMAZ Erdal 
Published: July 2023

Uzun ve köklü bir geçmişi olan Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri, yeni Türkiye Devletinin kuruluşu ile birlikte hızla gelişmiştir. Özellikle İkinci Dünya Harbi sonrasında ortaya çıkan konjöktür ve SSCB’nin yayılmacı politikaları, iki ülkenin yakınlaşmasındaki önemli etkenler olmuştur. Türk-Amerikan yakınlaşması; Truman Doktrini, Marshall Planı ve Türkiye’nin NATO’ya girişi ile birlikte zirve yapmıştır. Bu yakınlaşmanın sonucu olarak ABD tarafından Türkiye’ye askeri ve mali yardımlar yapılmıştır.
ABD askeri yardımlarının bir sonucu olarak Muavenet Muhribi, 1971 yılında Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri envanterine girmiştir. Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtına katılan Muavenet Muhribi, NATO tarafından icra edilen “Kararlılık Gösterisi-92 (Display Determination-92)” adlı tatbikat sırasında, Amerikan Uçak Gemisi Saratoga’dan fırlatılan Sea Sparrow adlı iki füzenin hedefi olmuştur. Saratoga Uçak Gemisi’nden fırlatılan füzelerin etkisiyle Muavenet Muhribi’nde görev yapan Türk personelden bir kısmı hayatını kaybetmiş, bir kısmı da yaralanmıştır. Olayın duyulması üzerine tepkiler çığ gibi büyümüş ve Türk kamuoyu sorumluların derhâl cezalandırılmasını istemiştir. Bu sırada Türk devlet adamları, olaya itidalli yaklaşılmasını ve konunun araştırılacağını beyan etmiştir. Aynı dönemde ABD ve NATO yetkilileri, Türk makamlarından özür dilemiş ve konunun araştırılması için hemen araştırma komisyonları kurulması yönünde harekete geçmiştir.
Muavenet Muhribinin vurulmasına yönelik olarak hazırlanan raporda, Saratoga Uçak Gemisi’nde bulunan personelin tatbikat sırasında verilen alarmı gerçek zannederek füzeleri ateşledikleri ve bunun sonucunda olayın meydana geldiği ifade edilmiştir. Olay sonucunda 8 Amerikan personeline uyarı cezası verilmiş ve konu çok fazla uzatılmadan dosya kapatılmıştır. Bu sırada ABD tarafından Türkiye’ye tazminat olarak sekiz adet savaş gemisi verilmiştir.
Türk kamuoyu, yaşanan olayı iç ve dış basında çıkan haberler ekseninde değerlendirmiş ve Muavenet’in vurulmasında bir kasıt olup olmadığını tartışmaya açmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerinde önemli bir yeri olan Saratoga Uçak Gemisinin Muavenet Muhribini vurmasına Türk kamuoyu üzerinden bakılacaktır. Ayrıca konu, dönemin Türk basını ve kamuoyunda çıkan haberler üzerinden değerlendirilecektir.
A Review on the Extraction and Optimization of Phytochemicals from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb
Authors: Azemi Najiba 
Published: July 2023

The genus Curcuma pertains to the Zingiberaceae family and consists of 70-80 species of perennial rhizomatous herbs. This genus originates in the Indo-Malayan region and it is broadly spread all over the world across tropical and subtropical areas. Curcuma xanthorrhiza belongs to the Zingiberaceae family is a rich source of phenolics and terpenoids with various bioactivities. This study aims to provide more information about botanical features, biological activities, essential oils, phytochemicals, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and optimization of C.xanthorrhiza by response surface methodology and HPLC for further advanced research. Because of its use in the medicinal and food industries, C.xanthorrhiza is an extremely important economic genus. C.xanthorrhiza rhizomes are the source of a yellow dye and have traditionally been utilized as spices and food preservers, as a garnishing agent, and also utilized for the handling of various illnesses because of the chemical substances found in them. Furthermore, Because of the discovery of new bioactive substances with a broad range of bioactivities, including antioxidants, antivirals, antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory activities, interest in their medicinal properties has increased. Lack of information concerning botanical features, biological activities, essential oils, phytochemicals, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and optimization of C.xanthorrhiza by response surface methodology and HPLC is the biggest problem that the researcher encountered. This review recommended that collecting information concerning the C.xanthorrhiza may be providing more opportunities for further advanced studies lead to avoid wasting time and use this information for further research on bioactive compounds which are beneficial in medicinal purposes.
Non-linear relationship between control ownership and cumulative abnormal return: A new predictive tool for firms’ performance
Authors: Zandi Gholamreza , Rahman Nik Khadijah Nik Abdul , Shahzad Imran Ahmed , Choo Sandy Low Bee 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The primary aim of the paper was to find out the non-linear relationship between ownership structure and the Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) of companies listed on the Muscat Stock Exchange (MSE) from 2013 to 2020.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) has been implied to determine the accuracy and ability of investors to predict stock performance and select an investment basket.
Findings: The effect of Control Ownership (CO) on Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) of Muscat Stock Exchange (MSE) listed companies is negative which indicates that with increasing Control Ownership (CO) of stock, stock returns will fluctuate and Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) will decrease. Moreover, the results of the research show that the effect of Control Ownership Squared (CO2) on the Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) of Muscat Stock Exchange (MSE) listed companies is positive.
Conclusion: The effect of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index including institutional ownership, the Board of Directors (BOD) and the volume of stock exchanges is significant on the Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) of companies listed on the Muscat Stock Exchange (MSE).
Practical Implications and Contribution to Literature: This research indicates that by increasing Control Ownership (CO) of the stock, the fluctuations of stocks’ returns and the Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) of Muscat Stock Exchange (MSE) listed companies will primarily decrease but the increase in CO will increase the volatility of the corporation’s Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR). In fact, it was claimed that the relationship between CO and CAR is similar to a U-shaped parabola.
JEJAK AWAL IMPERIUM INGGRIS DI ASIA
Authors: Ariwibowo Gregorius Andika 
Published: July 2023

Abstraksi
Pelabuhan Banten pada awal abad ke-17 telah dikenal luas sebagai salah satu pusat perdagangan rempah-rempah dan berbagai produk eksotis lain dari berbagai kawasan Asia. Kehadiran para Pedagang Inggris yang hampir bersamaan dengan awal dominasi perdagangan yang dilakukan oleh para Pedagang Belanda kemudian memunculkan konflik diantara keduanya. Kondisi tersebut turut berpengaruh pula pada stabilitas politik di Banten yang telah sangat rapuh sejak akhir abad ke-16. Kondisi ini juga berakibat pada perubahan dinamika dan struktur perdagangan di Banten yang sebelumnya dikuasai oleh para Pedagang Tionghoa. Kajian ini melihat upaya armada dagang Inggris (EIC) dalam upaya mereka bersaing dengan armada dagang Belanda (VOC). Kajian ini juga menekankan pada upaya para pedagang Inggris dalam menjalin relasi dengan pihak Kesultanan Banten maupun para pedagang asing lain di Pelabuhan Banten. Para pedagang Inggris dan Belanda menjadikan Banten sebagai medium awal dalam mengembangkan dominasi perdagangan mereka di kawasan Nusantara. Interaksi dan komunikasi antar pedagang mancanegara di Banten dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh mereka untuk lebih dalam terlibat dalam jejaring perdagangan di kawasan ini.
IMPLEMENTASI TUJUAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL TERKAIT EKSPLOITASI : PERAN SAVE THE CHILDREN TERHADAP KASUS PEKERJA ANAK DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Wimartha Febrina , Nau Novriest Umbu Walangara , Simanjuntak Triesanto Romulo 
Published: July 2023

Pemenuhan hak atas anak merupakan agenda penting dari pembangunan berkelanjutan 2030 yang telah disepakati bersama penerapannya, tidak mudah untuk mencapai hal tersebut pasalnya tindakan yang mengarah kepada eksploitasi anak masih terus ditemukan di masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk eksploitasi ialah pekerja anak yang menjadi permasalahan global khususnya di wilayah pedesaan, angka kasus yang dihasilkan tidaklah stabil cenderung meningkat di beberapa tahun terakhir. Penyebab kasus terjadi disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya kemiskinan yang didapati menjadi penyebab paling dominan, pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda dunia menjadi salah satu tantangan pemulihan kasus karenanya menyebabkan perubahan di seluruh sektor negara salah satunya kemerosotan ekonomi yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kasus pekerja anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat strategi para pemegang kepentingan khususnya partisipasi aktor non-negara dalam hal ini Save the Children yang telah bergerak mengatasi permasalahan anak di berbagai negara salah satunya Indonesia, melalui program-program mereka diberbagai wilayah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang memaparkan data secara deskriptif melalui studi kasus yang didapatkan dari teknik dokumentasi. Adanya kesepakatan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama oleh para pemegang kepentingan yang diimplementasikan lewat kerjasama diketahui sangat efektif dalam mencapai percepatan pemulihan kasus, ketertarikan setiap aktor untuk melibatkan diri di kasus pekerja anak ini dapat menjadi bukti. Tanggapan positif dari masyarakat daerah yang terbantu menjadi keberhasilan penerapan strategi bersama, walaupun kasus ini belum dapat dihapuskan jika terus disinergikan untuk dicapai secara bersama lewat koordinasi atau kerjasama antar para aktor maka perlahan-lahan pemulihan dapat terjadi.
Alternative therapies in the management of patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Borja Cabrera Ángel Rafael , Espín López Valeria Isabel , Morales Mayorga Silvia Graciela , Simbaña Quishpi María Aurora , Cortéz Flores Carola del Rocío , Heredia Nugra Soraya Margoth 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology characterized by three motor signs: resting tremor, bradykinesia, and muscle rigidity. Objective: to investigate the existing alternative therapies in treating and managing patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: bibliographic research based on a search for information focused on alternative therapies in managing patients with Parkinson's disease. Results: The most commonly used alternative therapies for Parkinson's Disease are occupational therapy, physiotherapy, music therapy, art, and mainly physical activity such as dance, swimming, Tai Chi, Yoga, Qi Gong, and stretching. Conclusions: complementary or alternative therapies are a good option to improve motor and non-motor symptoms and thus provide a better quality of life in Parkinson's patients
A Review of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, Their Effect on Today’s World
Authors: Fekolli Jetmira , Fekolli Saimir 
Published: July 2023

Though they differ in many ways, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes are both philosophers that in multiple ways, have contributed to modern philosophy. Today, their contribution to many well-known political issues such as the state of human nature, natural law, social contract, conflict, and civil society just to list a few, are common knowledge. This essay discourses their views, its impact on either or both themselves and the masses, and the criticisms it evoked.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023
Extraction of Bioactive Components from Helichrysim Arenarium
Authors: Abazi Bajrami Drita , Marinkovski Mirko , Lisichkov Kiril , Kuvendziev Stefan 
Published: July 2023

The raw material Helichrysum is used for the treatment of various pathological conditions in folk and modern medicine, for the treatment of tropical infections, respiratory diseases and as a detoxifying herbal medicine. Extraction is the most appropriate method for separating the active ingredients from plant materials. Separated bioactive components are mostly used in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. For this purpose, ethanol with different initial alcohol concentration was used as a working solvent: 55%, 70% and 96%, petroleum ether, methanol and methylene chloride. The ethanol solution is prepared from 96% ethanol and deionized water. Calculations were made of the total extract obtained with Soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of working parameters on the extraction process of working natural material (Helichrysum arenarium). The following separation procedures are applied for the extraction of the working raw material: solid-liquid conventional Soxhlet extraction and unconventional ultrasonic extraction. The plant extracts from this plant have various benefits, like skin care, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 10 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023
The Use of Photovoltaic Technology in Albania: A Good Opportunity to Face the Energy Crisis
Authors: Lluri Luiza , Gërmenji Blerta , Vyshka Eli , Myshketa Adnand 
Published: July 2023

Albania is a country with a great potential for solar energy due to its geographical location and favorable climate conditions. Albania's high levels of sunlight offer a chance for the nation to use PV technology to harness solar energy. Currently, the total installed capacity of solar energy in Albania is around 70 MW, which represents only a small fraction of the country's potential. Most of the existing solar power plants in Albania are small-scale installations, with a capacity of less than 5 MW. This paper will focus on the use of photovoltaic (PV) technology in Albania as a potential solution to the energy crisis that the country currently faces. Albania, like many other countries, relies heavily on imported fossil fuels for its energy needs. Due to this dependence, the country's economic growth and development are severely damaged by the oil crisis. In addition to lowering Albania's reliance on fossil fuels, the deployment of PV technology can help the country develop a sustainable and ecologically friendly energy system. The adoption of PV technology can also foster economic expansion and generate new job possibilities. The future of PV technology in Albania looks promising, as the country continues to implement policies and incentives to encourage investment in renewable energy sources. However, there are a number of obstacles to the adoption of PV technology in Albania, including poor infrastructure, a lack of funding, and low technical know-how. Participation from both, the public and business sectors as well as international organizations will be necessary to address these difficulties. The use of PV technology in Albania presents a good opportunity to address the country's energy crisis and transition towards a sustainable energy system. With proper investment and support, Albania can become a leader in solar energy in the region, creating a positive impact on the environment and the economy.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 15 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023
New Paths Opened by g ̅-Function in Pseudo-Analysis and Other Fields Through Several Applications
Authors: Valera Dhurata , Shyti Bederiana , Raman Vinoth 
Published: July 2023

The extension problem for the axiomatic concepts of pseudo-arithmetic operations {⊕ ̅,⊙ ̅,⊖ ̅,⊘ ̅} supported by g ̅-Functions are treated in the field of Pseudo-Analysis by many authors, opening new paths for development and investigation of their role as well as for the modifying and modified functions. The g ̅-Negation of the negation N is presented in this paper transformed by the g ̅-Function as a general or normed generator g ̅=g ̅_(a,r) in Pseudo-Analysis, where the role of the extended pseudo-arithmetic operations sistem {⊕ ̅_g ̅ ,⊙ ̅_g ̅ ,⊖ ̅_g ̅ (,⊘) ̅_g ̅ } is very specific and important for development of g ̅-Calculus. Furthermore, developing the theory of action of these special functions (g ̅,f_g ̅ ,t_g ̅ ,N_g ̅ ) by generalizations and modifications, we arrive at some connections of Generated Pseudo-Analysis with other fields such as Information Theory, Geometry, Trigonometry, Elementary Algebra and other areas of pure mathematics connected with combinatorial problems. In these fields, the paper addresses several composition of some real continuous parameterized functions with other special functions, above all showing the interesting forms of their generalization and transformation created by modification through g ̅-Transform. Some important formula and classical problems are generalized and transformed, leading us to new connections between different problems and fields.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 14 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023