bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution monophenolase/diphenolase/radical scavenging profiling for rapid screening of natural whitening candidates from Rosa rugosa cv. ‘Plena’
Authors: Wen Mengyi , Quan Sihua , Qiu Huiyun , Wen Weiyi , Chen Ben , Chen Yuxia , Peng Jianyun , Tong Shengqiang 
Published: April 2023

Antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitory components were successfully screened and separated from Rosa rugosa cv. ‘Plena’ by high‐performance liquid chromatography microfractionation bioactive screening combined with several separation and purification methods. Ethyl acetate extract of Rosa rugosa cv. ‘Plena’ showed high antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. High‐speed countercurrent chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, and semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography were used for the preparative separation of four bioactive components from ethyl acetate extract. Two tyrosinase‐inhibiting active substances, flavogallonic acid, and N1‐N5‐N10‐tri‐4‐p‐coumaroylspermidine, were isolated from Rosa rugosa cv. ‘Plena’, and they showed great monophenolase inhibition activity (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration: 664.60 and 23.77 μg/ml, respectively) and excellent diphenolase inhibition activity (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration: 23 614.61 and 16.80 μg/ml, respectively). Meanwhile, gallic acid, flavogallonic acid, and ellagic acid were shown to have excellent 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl antioxidant activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration: 6.66, 20.17, and 13.45 μg/ml), and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) antioxidant activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration: 3.53, 3.83, and 2.78 μg/ml). Molecular docking revealed that flavogallonic acid and N1‐N5‐N10‐tri‐4‐p‐coumaroylspermidine had a strong binding affinity (–9.3 and –10 kcal/mol, respectively) to tyrosinase through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Smith–Purcell Radiation from Highly Mobile Carriers in 2D Quantum Materials
Authors: Lu Shengyuan , Nussupbekov Ayan , Xiong Xiao , Ding Wen Jun , Png Ching Eng , Ooi Zi‐En , Teng Jing Hua , Wong Liang Jie , Chong Yidong , Wu Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTerahertz (THz) radiation has broad applications ranging from medical imaging to spectroscopy. One viable source of high‐intensity THz radiation is the Smith–Purcell (SP) effect, which involves charge carriers moving over a periodic surface. Conventional SP emitters use electron beams to generate charge carriers, necessitating bulky electron acceleration stages. Here, a compact design for generating THz SP radiation using mobile charge carriers within 2D materials is proposed. This circumvents the beam alignment and beam divergence challenge, allowing for a reduction in the electron‐grating separation from tens of nm to 5 nm or less, leading to more efficient near‐field excitation and a potentially chip‐level THz source. In such a configuration, it is shown that the optimal electron velocity and the corresponding maximum radiation intensity can be predicted from the electron‐grating separation. The numerical demonstration shows that hot electrons can excite SP radiation in graphene on a silicon grating, and the radiation intensity can be increased by graphene surface plasmons. This study can be extended to a broad variety of charge carriers in 2D materials, thus allowing for compact, tunable, and low‐cost THz sources.
Electron Trapping Optical Storage Using A Single‐Wavelength Light Source for Both Information Write‐In and Read‐Out
Authors: Liao Chuan , Wu Hao , Wu Huajun , Zhang Liangliang , Pan Guo‐hui , Hao Zhendong , Liu Feng , Wang Xiao‐jun , Zhang Jiahua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn conventional electron trapping optical storage phosphor, both short‐ and long‐wavelength light are needed for information write‐in and read‐out, respectively, complicating the optical storage system. Here, a Y3Al2Ga3O12:Pr3+,Eu3+ optical storage phosphor with Pr3+ as an electron donor and Eu3+ as an electron trap is designed, and a single wavelength write‐read scheme is demonstrated, which employs the same blue laser diode (LD) light source for both optical write‐in through two‐photon up‐conversion charging and for read‐out based on photostimulated luminescence (PSL), originated from 4f15d1→4f2 transition of Pr3+ peaked at 315 nm in UV region. A deep electron trap with the mean depth of 1.42 eV and a narrow distribution of 0.3 eV is observed in the presence of Eu3+ in Y3Al2Ga3O12:Pr3+, implying its long‐term storage potential. The write‐in and read‐out experiments are conducted using 450 nm blue LD light with the power density of 1 W cm−2 for write‐in and that with a low power density of 0.02 W cm−2 for read‐out in order to avoid the effect of up‐conversion luminescence on PSL signal. These results will advance the electron trapping optical storage scheme.
Highly Tough and Reliable Poly(Amic Acid) with Ballistic Impact‐Resistance through Modulation of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yue Ling , Yan Rui , Liaw Der‐Jang , Shi Jianzhong , Li Zhen , Liang Chenyu , Cheng Yilong , Ge Zhishen , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(amic acid) (PAA) materials as the precursor of polyimide generally show remarkably poor mechanical properties, thus limiting their application as the engineering plastics. In this study, it is demonstrated that the mechanical properties of PAA materials can be improved significantly for tens of folds with breaking strength >50 MPa, Young's modulus >400 MPa, and elongation at break >300% by incorporation of 20% (mol%) poly(propylene glycol) (PPO) soft segments. The optimization for suitable hard–soft composition with 20% PPO and the existence of various hydrogen bonds with different binding energies can dissipate energies efficiently, which simultaneously improve the material strength and toughness. In addition, PAA82 films exhibit excellent tolerance toward cyclic stretch, and have the capability to resist various harsh conditions including solar radiation testing (1 sun), heat (85 °C), alkalinity (pH 10), and acidity (pH 4) over one month. Noted that PAA82 films can be laminated with Kapton films, which show excellent resistance to ultrahigh (200 °C) and ultralow temperature (−196 °C). The laminated film also exhibits bulletproof property with a thickness of 6 mm. The strategy via modulation of hard–soft compositions and hydrogen bonds in PAA materials shows great potentials to improve the mechanical properties of polymeric materials.
Fish Oil in Glaucoma Treatment: From Biological Functions to Clinical Potential
Authors: Ye Huali , Liu Yunyi , Xu Zhike , Wei Xin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide, and multiple risk factors influence its pathogenesis and progression, including age, increased intraocular pressure (IOP), low‐grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and ocular blood flow deficits. IOP‐lowering therapy is currently the most effective way to control glaucoma progression; however, due to insufficient response and persistent retinal neural degeneration, the result may not always be satisfactory. In recent decades, fish oil, an omega‐3 dietary supplement, is reported to be beneficial to glaucoma patients, but its efficiency and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Intriguingly, glaucoma patients have lower omega‐3 fatty acid blood levels, especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Dietary omega‐3 supplementation in patients may normalize levels of fatty acid and, thereby, enhance their effects. Therefore, fish oil may serve as an area of new focus for glaucoma treatment studies. In this review, the study summarizes the roles of active ingredients in fish oil in delaying glaucoma development, including lowering IOP, regulating blood supply, alleviating inflammation, and diminishing oxidative stress, with a view to promoting the development of the clinical management of glaucoma.
On‐chip terahertz whispering gallery mode resonator with high‐Q based on multislot waveguide
Authors: Zhou Yanru , Xu Kai , Xin Chenguang , Liu Wenyao , Xing Enbo , Tang Jun , Liu Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR) with a high‐quality factor and large coupling spectrum width can enhance the interaction of matter and lightwave by several orders of magnitude in a large bandwidth range. The performance of the resonator determines the accuracy and range of terahertz (THz) sensing. However, the quality factors of the reported THz WGMRs are highly limited by the high absorption loss of materials within THz spectral range. The coupling spectrum width is usually limited by the coupling structure. In this paper, an on‐chip THz whispering gallery mode resonator based on multislot waveguide and gradual coupling structure is proposed. By increasing the evanescent field of guided wave mode, the absorption loss in the resonator is significantly reduced. Through gradual coupling structure, resonance curves are more uniform within a wide spectrum. The simulation results show that the structure can improve the instinct quality factor of the THz resonator to the order of when the bending radius is as small as 2mm. At the same time, sensitivity is increased by more than six times and uniform resonance curves are achieved from THz.
Highly sensitive measurement of trace methane gas using mid‐infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method
Authors: Huang Yong , Fu Wei , Yang Shang , Li Chunguang , Hu Xiewen , Zhang Mengru , Chen Chen , Chang Shuaipeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo monitor the concentration of harmful gas methane (CH4) in the tunnel in real time, a high‐sensitivity measurement method for CH4 trace gas based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is designed in this paper. An interband cascade laser with the emission wavelength of 3.29 μm was used to target noninterference CH4 lines at 3038.5 cm−1. To diminish the background noise of the sensor system, wavelength modulation spectroscopy combined with a second harmonic measurement technique was used in this work. Finally, 1.83 parts per billion in volume (ppbv) minimum measurement limit (MML) was obtained with a 4 s integration time based on an Allan‐Werle variance analysis, and the MML can be further improvedto ∼0.4 ppbv by increasing the integration time up to 104 s. Indoor and outdoor environmental data of CH4 acquired using the TDLAS sensor system are also reported.
Dual‐band crescent‐shaped slot patch antenna for wireless communications and IoT applications
Authors: Ketavath Kumar N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe investigation of two half circular patch (HCP) antenna with defected ground structure to operate dual bands is presented in this study for wireless communications. The crescent slots etched on the HCPs are proposed to operate the dual bands of below −10 dB reflection coefficient, with the impedance bandwidth of the first band being 740 MHz (3.01–3.75 GHz) and of the second band being 7120 MHz (6.74–13.86 GHz). The proposed HCP antenna was resonates of 3.36 and 12.17 GHz with −33.9 and −35.47 dB reflection coefficients. This antenna produces a maximum gain of 5.46 and 6.61 dB for these resonating frequencies, respectively. The simulation and measured radiation pattern results are also presented for proposed HCP antenna and it operates for wireless communications and internet of things applications.
Nurses' self‐efficacy and well‐being at work amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Alquwez Nahed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore the factors associated with the nurses' well‐being at work.DesignA sequential explanatory mixed‐methods design.MethodsThe quantitative part of the study included a conveniently sampled 271 nurses employed in healthcare facilities in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. A purposive sample of 21 nurses were interviewed in the qualitative part of the study. Data collection was performed from May to August 2021. This article followed the STROBE checklist.ResultsNurses working in private hospitals reported higher level of self‐efficacy than nurses in public hospitals. Being a Filipino, working in private hospital, and having higher self‐efficacy were associated with better well‐being at work among nurses during the pandemic. The thematic analysis revealed four important themes in understanding their well‐being at work: safe work environment, ensuring staff nurses' health, leadership support, and solidarity in the workplace.
An injectable chitosan/laponite hydrogel synthesized via hybrid cross‐linking system: A smart platform for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Ranjbardamghani Fatemeh , Eslahi Niloofar , Jahanmardi Reza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThermo‐responsive polymeric hydrogels have received great attention in recent years. The current study aimed to fabricate and characterize injectable chitosan/laponite (CS‐L) hydrogels using a hybrid cross‐linking method by genipin and β‐glycerophosphate (BGP). Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the ionic and covalent interactions between the employed materials in the hydrogels. Scanning electron microscope images showed a decrease in the mean pore size from 129 to 83 μm after the incorporation of 1% laponite into the hydrogels. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis proved the uniform distribution of laponite in the hydrogels. Besides, the gelation time of the chitosan/laponite hydrogels declined in comparison to the chitosan hydrogel owing to the presence of abundant hydroxyl groups in the laponite structure. Rheological investigations revealed 600% improvement in the storage modulus after the incorporation of 1% laponite. The compression test results similarly showed that the elastic modulus and compressive strength of CS‐L1% were significantly enhanced in comparison with pristine polymeric hydrogel. Non‐toxicity and antibacterial properties of the hydrogels demonstrated 95% cell viability and 99% antibacterial activity, respectively. In conclusion, the obtained results confirmed that the introduced hybrid hydrogels are appropriate candidates for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Comparisons of enhanced thermal neutron‐ and gamma‐shielding properties in UHMWPE composites containing surface‐treated Sm2O3 and Gd2O3 particles
Authors: Toyen Donruedee , Anekratmontre Thitisorn , Wimolmala Ekachai , Thamrongsiripak Nuatawan , Rungseesumran Thiti , Saenboonruang Kiadtisak 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe rapid development and broad utilization of nuclear technologies has raised safety concerns, especially for those requiring radiation‐shielding equipment. To cope with such high demands and risks, the current study investigated the potential of utilizing ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites containing varying contents of surface‐treated samarium oxide (Sm2O3) or gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) particles as dual thermal neutron‐ and gamma‐shielding materials. The results showed that the thermal neutron‐ and gamma‐shielding abilities of the composites increased with increasing filler contents, as evidenced by the highest values of μ (in the case gamma rays), ∑t (in the case of thermal neutrons), and μm, as well as the lowest values of HVL and TVL, being achieved in the samples containing 25 wt% Sm2O3 or Gd2O3 (the maximum content investigated). Furthermore, based on the comparative thermal neutron‐shielding properties of the current composites to those of a common shielding product containing 15.9 wt% B2O3 (corresponding to 5 wt% B), the addition of 2.5 wt% Gd2O3 or 4.8 wt% Sm2O3 to the UHMWPE matrix was sufficient to attenuate thermal neutrons with equal efficiency to that of the referenced material. Furthermore, the results indicated that the addition of both fillers increased the density and hardness (Shore D) but reduced the degree of crystallinity, tensile strength, elongation at break, and dielectric strength of the composites, for which the degree of changes in each property largely depended on filler types and contents. In summary, the overall results suggested that both Sm2O3 and Gd2O3 could substantially enhance the thermal neutron‐ and gamma‐shielding properties of the composites, while the developed UHMWPE composites offered durability and excellent electrical properties that could be suitable for use in various applications.
Enhancing the mechanical properties and heat resistance of epoxy resin via blending with polythioetherimide
Authors: Xu Gang , Tan Liyun , Liu Keyuan , Yang Rongqiang , Nie Yong , Fang Xingzhong , Chen Guofei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, poly(thioetherimide) (PTEI) was used to enhance the mechanical properties and thermal stability of an epoxy resin (EP),N,N,N′,N′‐tetraglycidyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM). The effect of PTEI on curing behavior, dynamic mechanical, thermal properties, mechanical properties and phase morphology were carefully investigated. The addition of PTEI could improve the performances of EP, and even if only low content of PTEI was added, the heat resistance and mechanical properties were improved, especially for the fracture toughness. When the addition of PTEI was 2 wt%, the impact strength, fracture toughness, elongation at break, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the modified epoxy increased by 78%, 50%, 25%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. In addition, phase morphology was also discussed to validate the results of thermal and mechanical analysis. All these results proved the superior performance of the modified EP.
Ultrasound guidance versus landmark guidance for intrathecal baclofen pump refill: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Stone Shane N. , Wei Daniel , Reger Christopher 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRefilling difficult‐to‐access intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps by a trainee can result in longer procedures, more needle punctures, and more frequent attending interventions. Though ultrasound guidance can be used, there has not been an investigation into the impact of ultrasound guidance on refill outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of ultrasound guidance during difficult ITB refills to improve the experience of patients and providers.DesignNonblinded, randomized controlled trial with crossover element.SettingOutpatient clinic at a tertiary academic rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsPatients ≥18 years old with historically difficult refills who were scheduled for repeat refills. “Difficult” was defined as body mass index > 30.0, a deep/tilted pump, previously requiring >1 skin puncture, or previously needing special positioning to access.InterventionsConsented participants were randomized into a template‐guided group (control) or an ultrasound‐guided group (experimental) using a coin flip. Patients were crossed over if (1) a second refill occurred during the study period or (2) the randomized technique failed.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary measure was time spent with needle under skin (seconds). Number of needle punctures and needle passes, frequency of attending intervention, pain during and after the procedure, patient satisfaction, and practitioner perceived difficulty were investigated.ResultsSeventeen patients underwent 21 refills (12 template guided and 9 ultrasound guided). No patients experienced adverse events. Although without statistically significant difference, the average time in the experimental group was shorter than the control (175 seconds vs 401 seconds), there were fewer episodes of multiple needle punctures (0 vs 2), multiple needle passes (2 vs 5), and attending interventions (0 vs 3) in the experimental group. No significant/clinical difference was found in pain during procedure, pain after procedure, patient satisfaction, or practitioner subjective difficulty.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates that ultrasound‐guided ITB refills may reduce time spent with the needle in the skin, number of needle punctures, number of needle passes, and frequency of attending intervention during trainee refilling of pumps that are difficult to access.
Reaction calorimetry: Main types, simple theory, and application for kinetic study—A review
Authors: Kossoy Arcady 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReaction calorimetry is a powerful experimental method widely used for reaction hazard assessment in chemical engineering for chemical process design and in other fields. Currently, several types of reaction calorimeters are available, each with its own features. Many articles and several monographs have been published dealing with various aspects of reaction calorimetry, but it is difficult to find an overview of different types of instruments and the theoretical basis of reaction calorimetry in one review in a compact form. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap as much as possible and to help in understanding the principles of this useful experimental method and in choosing the type of instrument most suitable for the purposes of a particular study. The review concludes with some recommendations for the proper organization of an experiment in reaction calorimetry, with an emphasis on the kinetic study. The usefulness of kinetics based on reaction calorimetry data is illustrated by an example of using kinetics to design an industrial process.
Population structure of ALS‐inhibiting herbicide‐resistant Sonchus oleraceus in South Australia
Authors: Merriam Alicia B , Malone Jenna M , Hereward James P , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnnual sowthistle is a weed that is difficult to control in lentil crops in southern Australia due to a lack of herbicide options, widespread herbicide resistance and prolific production of highly mobile seed. This study investigates herbicide resistance in annual sowthistle in the Mid‐North (MN) and Yorke Peninsula (YP) regions of South Australia, identifies and characterizes the mechanisms of acetolactate‐synthase (ALS)‐inhibitor resistance in this amphidiploid species, and combines this with analyses of population structure and gene flow.ResultsALS‐inhibitor‐resistant annual sowthistle is widespread across the YP and MN of South Australia and is associated with a variety of Proline‐197 mutations of the ALS gene, including leucine, alanine, arginine, serine, threonine and histidine. These mutations were found in different combinations on either of the two copies of the ALS gene. An additional 200 tissue samples were collected from across a single field on the YP and the ALS gene was sequenced for all these individuals. Different ALS‐inhibitor resistance profiles were evident between mutation combinations and within mutation combinations, possibly mediated by differing subgenome assortment of the mutations, or altered gene experession of the two ALS homeologs. Population genetics analysis showed evidence of long‐distance dispersal, resulting in highly mobile resistance genes, and multiple instances of resistance mutation evolution.ConclusionsContinuing selection of Sonchus oleraceus populations with ALS‐inhibiting herbicides has resulted in the accumulation of additional mutations within the ALS gene. New practices to control herbicide‐resistant S. oleraceus should be examined, and control should focus on reducing seed set and dispersal to prevent the spread of emerging cases of resistance. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.