bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Receptor Antibody
Authors: Strayer David S. , Lee William M. F. , Rowley Donald A. , Köhler Heinz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have examined the ability of anti-receptor antibody (ARA) to induce specific unresponsiveness to the hapten, phosphorylcholine (PC), in neonatal and adult mice. When ARA is given to adult mice, suppression is of short duration. Cells from such mice are responsive in vitro, indicating that suppression in vivo is probably due to blockade of receptors by persisting ARA. ARA given to neonatal mice induces long-term unresponsiveness. These mice apparently have decreased numbers of PC-responsive cells, since cells from such mice are unresponsive both in vitro and in adoptive transfer. Furthermore, cells from neonatally suppressed animals do not suppress the response of normal cells either in vitro or in adoptive transfer, indicating that unresponsiveness is most likely not due to active suppression. We therefore conclude that ARA given to neonates depletes the clone of receptor-bearing cells at the time ARA is given. Clonal depletion may result from antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity.
Comparison of the Ocular Effects of Circulating Endotoxin and Immune Complexes: Role of Vasoactive Amines
Authors: Howes Edward L. , McKay Donald G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Both bacterial endotoxin and soluble immune complexes (BGG-anti BGG) injected i.v. in rabbits produce an alteration in ocular vascular permeability confined primarily to the vessels of the iridial portion of the ciliary processes. These effects have been measured by the ocular accumulation of 125I-albumin relative to cardiac plasma. Ten micrograms per kilogram of Escherichia coli bacterial endotoxin (055:B5) produce a consistent alteration in ocular vascular permeability over a 90-min period after injection. Fifty to 100 µg/kg of endotoxin result in a prolonged effect that is maximum 4 hr after injection.
Large quantities of immune complexes (BGG-antiBGG) prepared in 20 to 25 times antigen excess produce an anaphylaxis and approximately a 70% reduction in platelets and CH50. The alteration in ocular vascular permeability is half as great as that produced by 10 µg/kg of endotoxin over the 90-min period after their injection. A combined treatment with antihistamine, pyrilamine maleate, and antiserotonin, methysergide maleate, results in a significant reduction in ocular 125I-albumin in normal animals, virtually prevents the ocular effect of immune complexes, and reduces the average effect of endotoxin by 30%. Increasing the quantities of injected antihistamine and antiserotonin does not have a further effect on the response to 10 µg of endotoxin.
Functional Heterogeneity Among the T-Derived Lymphocytes of the Mouse
Authors: Araneo Barbara A. , Marrack Philippa C. (Hunter) , Kappler John W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A number of T cell functions were examined in mice after treatment with rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum (ATS). Two populations of T cells were distinguished; the first, sensitive, and a second, resistant, to elimination by ATS. The helper cell involved in the primary humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was found within the sensitive population, whereas the T-cells required for the priming of mice with SRBC for helper activity or delayed hypersensitivity were found within both populations. Previous work and experiments utilizing both adult thymectomy and ATS treatment indicated that the ATS-sensitive population is long-lived, whereas the ATS-resistant population is short-lived.
The Effect of Fluorescein Conjugation on Fc-Dependent Properties of Rabbit Antibody
Authors: Thrasher Susan G. , Bigazzi Pierluigi E. , Yoshida Takeshi , Cohen Stanley 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Conjugation of rabbit antibody with fluorescein isothiocyanate results in loss of the ability of that antibody to fix complement, mediate passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, or participate in cytophilic binding to macrophage surfaces. Fluorescein, perhaps because of molecular size or configuration, is a more potent suppressor of Fc function than are other reagents previously studied in this regard.
Rat Cell Surface Antigens
Authors: Callahan Gerald N. , Dewitt Charles W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat major histocompatibility or Ag-B antigen was isolated from soluble extracts of lymphoid cells by affinity chromatography. The purified antigen was shown in SDS gel electrophoresis to have a molecular weight of 30,000 to 35,000 daltons. In addition, amino acid composition was found to resemble, generally, that of HL-A and H-2 antigens. It thus appears that the demonstrated homology between H-2 and HL-A extends also to Ag-B.
The Effect of Plasmacytomas on Serum Immunoglobulin Levels of BALB/c Mice
Authors: Fenton Marilyn R. , Havas H. Francis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of tumor growth on serum immunoglobulin levels and on the immune response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was studied in BALB/c mice bearing MOPC-315 (IgA), MOPC-460 (IgA), MOPC-173 (IgG2a) and MOPC-104E (IgM) to gain insight into the immunologic competence of the plasmacytoma-bearing host.
The initial increase of myeloma protein coincided with the first appearance of the tumor and increased as the tumor progressed. However, at the time of death there was little correlation between spleen weights, tumor size, and myeloma-protein levels. The mean serum concentration of the myeloma proteins reached a higher level in the mice bearing tumors transplanted i.p. compared to those with tumors transferred subcutaneously (s.c.). Non-myeloma immunoglobulin levels in the serum were reduced: IgM was significantly lowered in the presence of MOPC-315 injected i.p. and MOPC-460 injected s.c. and the IgG2 levels were depressed in mice injected i.p. with MOPC-315 and MOPC-104E. The only significant reduction of IgA levels was seen when MOPC-173 was transplanted i.p. The decreases observed in immunoglobulin levels correlated with plasmacytoma growth. They were specific for myeloma and were not due to tumor growth per se since the levels of all immunoglobulins tested increased in the presence of Sarcoma 37, a pleomorphic neoplasm.
The primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of tumor-bearing animals after the injection of 0.5 ml of 10% SRBC was either similar or enhanced compared to the controls. However, with a lower SRBC dosage (0.5 ml of 2% SRBC) the indirect PFC were reduced with mice bearing MOPC-104E and MOPC-173. Tumor sizes did not seem to correlate with the reduction of the PFC responses. MOPC-460-bearing mice had a comparable number of PFC per spleen to those of the controls, but reduced numbers when calculated per 106 spleen cells. Consistently, hemagglutination titers were reduced in all tumor-bearing animals. The number of direct and indirect PFC per spleen was increased in mice bearing Sarcoma 37, compared to the controls. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
Two Distinct Chemotactic Factor Inactivators in Human Serum
Authors: Till Gerd , Ward Peter A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) has been isolated from whole human serum by a combination of techniques including salt precipitation, anionic exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. Two inactivators have been obtained, a β-globulin with a sedimentation velocity of approximately 7S and an α-globulin with a sedimentation velocity of approximately 4S. The former has a specificity for inactivation of the chemotactic activity associated with the C3 fragments, whereas the C5 chemotactic fragment is specifically inactivated by the α-globulin CFI. CFI in crude fractions of human serum is heat labile, time and temperature dependent for its activity, and pH dependent, expressing optimal activity at a pH range of 7.2 to 7.4.
Anti-Dinitrophenyl Antibody Production in Strain 13 Guinea Pigs Fed or Sensitized with Dinitrochlorobenzene
Authors: Reese Robert T. , Cebra John J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pigs fed dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in corn oil become unresponsive to sensitization by later percutaneous applications of DNCB in olive oil. Sera taken from animals after feeding DNCB or after feeding and intradermal stimulation with DNCB contained no antibody detectable with 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-labeled T4 bacteriophage; if any antibody was present, its concentration was below 2 µg/ml. Guinea pigs fed DNCB and then immunized with DNP on a foreign carrier, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), produced as much antibody 16 to 18 days later as did animals which had only been sensitized by intradermal injection of DNCB in phosphate-buffered saline and then immunized with DNP-KLH. The amount of antibody produced to DNP-KLH was measured at intervals. In the fed animals, the titer either remained approximately the same or increased with time. In contrast, the sera of sensitized guinea pigs contained a decreasing antibody titer when the first and last bleedings were compared. Isoelectric focusing was carried out with sera from DNP-KLH-immunized animals after the sera were first mixed with a radiolabeled hapten. The antibody-hapten profiles revealed that the DNCB-fed animals contained predominantly IgG2 in their serum by the time of their initial bleeding, whereas sensitized animals still contained a considerable proportion of more acidic antibodies having marked charge heterogeneity. Equilibrium dialysis measurements on purified antibody from fed animals indicated an average binding affinity for hapten equivalent to that of purified antibody from sensitized animals. Feeding of DNCB did not cause any obvious decrease in the number of lymphoid cells able to bind 125I-labeled guinea pig IgG. Lack of reduction of the average binding affinity coupled with the retention of antigen-binding lymphoid cells, permit the conclusion that feeding DNCB to guinea pigs under the conditions used did not induce an unresponsiveness or a deletion of those cells which have the potential to produce anti-DNP antibody. Thus, feeding of guinea pigs with DNCB in oil seems to induce a central tolerance at the T cell level without adversely affecting their B lymphocytes. The antibody response obtained by immunization with DNP conjugated to a foreign carrier is not only quantitatively equivalent to that obtained in control animals but qualitatively it appeared to be more mature with respect to charge at a relatively early time (16 to 18 days). Since the antibody levels in serum from fed animals increased or remained approximately constant with time instead of waning as occurred in the DNCB-sensitized animals, feeding or sensitization with DNCB may also have affected some cell or cell product important in the regulation of antibody production.
Identification of Macrophage-Like Characteristics in a Cultured Murine Tumor Line
Authors: Koren Hillel S. , Handwerger Barry S. , Wunderlich John R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A mouse tumor line P388D1 passaged in tissue culture for many years has been characterized morphologically and functionally as a macrophage like cell. P388D1 cells phagocytize latex particles and firmly adhere to glass and plastics. In addition they have been shown to carry cell-bound receptors for immunoglobulin (Fc) and complement (C3). They fail to stain with fluorescent anti-mouse Ig or heterologous anti-mouse. Functionally, these cells exhibited high effector activity in an antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxic system. The accessibility of well characterized and pure macrophage-like cell lines, such as P388D1, will facilitate studies where cell purity is essential.
Phenotypic Correction of Low Reagin Production: A Genetic Defect in the SJL Mouse
Authors: Gollapudi V. S. Sastry , Kind Leon S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Levine and Vas (1) have reported a system of genetic control of the immune response in mice which is not correlated with H-2 and does not appear to be correlated with allotype. In contrast to most other inbred strains, SJL mice were shown to be poor producers of serum reagins to high or low doses of eight different protein or hapten-protein antigens; breeding studies indicated high serum reagin production to be the dominant trait (2). In a recent communication (3) we confirmed the low serum reagin production by SJL mice and showed by the method of heterologous adoptive cutaneous anaphylaxis (HACA)2 that in contrast to a good serum reagin producing strain (SWR) the SJL mice showed: 1) a decreased production of reagins by spleen cells and 2) an absence of reaginic antibody-forming cells (RAFC) in the bone marrow.
Sensitive Detection of Immunoglobulin Light and Heavy Chains on Rabbit Lymphocytes by Antibody-Coated Erythrocytes
Authors: Molinaro Giuseppe A. , Bessinger Beverly A. , Gilman-Sachs Alice , Dray Sheldon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit bone marrow-derived (B)2 lymphocytes have immunoglobulin (Ig) on their surface (1–12). Oddly, various workers have reported for the last decade that in lymphocyte populations, the cells bearing the genetic markers of the κ-light chain (b locus allotypes) outnumbered 2 to 4 times the cells bearing the a locus allotypes of the heavy chain (1–5, 10). By using a more sensitive immunocytoadhesion method, we found in rabbit blood that the cells bearing heavy chains numerically equaled the cells bearing light chains. We also directly demonstrated that most B lymphocytes bore the light chains together with the heavy chains.
We have recently (13–15) shown that erythrocytes artificially coated with an antibody (Ab-E) agglutinated and lysed, when reacted with the complementary soluble antigen. When the antigen was cell bound, Ab-E adhered to the cell membrane (rosetting of antigen-bearing cells with Ab-E). Thus, rabbit lymphocytes rosetted with Ab-E specific for the b allotypes.
The Cytotoxic Effector Potential of Some Common Non-Lymphoid Tumors and Cultured Cell Lines with Phytohemagglutinin and Heterologous Anti-Erythrocyte Antisera
Authors: Muchmore A. V. , Nelson D. L. , Blaese R. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have found that a) phytohemagglutinin can induce red blood cell cytolysis by non-lymphoid tumors and cell lines, b) rabbit anti-chicken red blood cell antibody but not turkey anti-chicken red blood cell antibody can mediate an antibody-directed cellular cytotoxicity type of cytotoxicity utilizing P815Y mastocytoma cells or rat embryo fibroblasts as effectors, and c) none of these cell line effectors was capable of killing metabolically active cultured cell line targets in the presence of phytohemagglutinin.
T Mitogens Trigger LPS Responsiveness in Mouse Thymus Cells
Authors: Forbes James T. , Nakao Yoshinobu , Smith Richard T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse thymus cells are essentially unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. However, when cultured with minimally mitogenic levels of concanavalin A or submitogenic ratios of mitomycin-treated allogeneic spleen cells, in combination with LPS, they demonstrate levels of DNA synthesis de novo or greater than those induced by the T cell mitogen alone. Dose-response kinetics were characteristic of LPS. The subpopulation containing the LPS responsive cells was of low net buoyant density. Neither phytohemagglutinin nor pokeweed mitogen acted synergistically with LPS in this model to trigger thymus cells. The data suggest that LPS triggering may involve interaction with a T cell subpopulation.
IgG and IgA Diphtheria Antitoxin Responses from Human Tonsil Lymphocytes
Authors: Platts-Mills Thomas A. E. , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human tonsil lymphocytes were stimulated with diphtheria toxoid and then cultured in a Marbrook culture system so that antibodies could be measured in the culture supernatant. Specific antibodies were measured with excess radiolabeled antigen and antisera specific for each immunoglobulin class. Good IgG and IgA diphtheria antitoxin responses have been obtained and responding culture supernatants were shown to neutralize toxin. The relationship between antitoxin response in vitro and immunization of donors with toxoid was investigated. It was found that at least two immunizations after the age of 6 months were necessary to prime the tonsils for an in vitro antibody response.
The IgG and IgA in culture supernatants were demonstrated by immunodiffusion and were measured by radioimmunoassay. By sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, it was shown that 40% of the IgA produced in the cultures was greater than 7S. Evidence was obtained that neither the IgA nor the specific IgA antitoxin bears secretory piece. It appears that human lymphocytes from tonsils produce polymer IgA in vitro without secretory piece.
Characterization of Measles Virus-Specific Cytotoxic Antibodies by Use of a Chronically Infected Cell Line
Authors: Ehrnst Anneka C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The complement-dependent cytotoxic effects of measles virus specific antibodies on a chronically infected cell line were studied by a microcytotoxicity assay. Cell damage was determined by trypan blue staining. Monospecific antisera against the hemagglutinin (HA) and the hemolysin (HL) of the virus were both cytotoxic. Rabbits, immunized with measles virus, developed cytotoxic antibodies in parallel with the appearance of antibodies against the measles virus HA and HL. Human sera with high antibody titers against HA and HL also gave a specific cytotoxic reaction. The main part of the activity was carried by IgG in rabbit sera tested within 2 weeks after primary immunization and only IgM. The serum reaction was characterized by a prozone. The maximal degree of cytotoxicity varied between tests performed on different occasions. Complement, at higher concentrations than were used for analysis of antibody-mediated cytolysis, caused a significant lysis of infected cells.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples containing measles virus-specific antibodies were investigated. CSF from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis displayed a pronounced cytotoxicity without a prozone. CSF samples from four patients with multiple sclerosis were identified by a specific cytotoxic reaction despite low titers of antibodies against HA and HL.
Complement-Mediated Release of Histamine from Human Leukocytes
Authors: Grant J. Andrew , Dupree Elton , Goldman Armond S. , Schultz Duane R. , Jackson Anne L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Activation of either the alternative or classical pathway of complement generated a factor which induced release of histamine from both non-allergic and allergic human basophils. This factor probably is derived from the complement system since 1) its formation was associated with loss of C3 activity in human serum, 2) chemotactic factor, probably also a complement product, was generated simultaneously, 3) heat inactivation blocked its formation, 4) anti-C3 and anti-C5 blocked formation of the factor, and finally 5) anti-C5 inhibited the activity of the factor once it had been formed. It appears that both complement-mediated and allergen-mediated release of histamine from basophils are secretory, non-cytolytic pathways since both were maximal at 37°C, required the presence of divalent cations, and were inhibited by theophylline. One consistent difference between these two mechanisms was noted: complement-initiated release of histamine occurred more quickly.
Antigenic Analysis of Three Strains of Mycoplasma Arginini by Two-Dimensional Immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Thirkill Charles E. , Kenny George E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of species-specific and strain-specific antigens in three strains of Mycoplasma arginini (G-230, leonis and 23243) was studied by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. Approximately 20 antigenic components could be detected in each strain. It was possible to analyze 6 to 7 major and distinct components from each strain by two techniques: “enhancement” where antigen to an additional strain is added to the first phase of the electrophoresis which increases the size of common peaks and “suppression” where antiserum to an additional strain is incorporated in the second phase whereby peak size of components to which both sera have antibody are decreased. A total of 10 distinct antigens were recognized. Electrophoretic mobilities relative to bovine albumin ranged from 0.2 to 1.08. Three components were common to all strains; two of these represented major amounts of material. Four components represented strain-specific components. Unique fast components were found both in strains 23243 and G-230. Three antigens were distributed into only two of the three strains. The electrophoretic mobilities of some common antigens were quite different between strains.
Antigen-Specific and Nonspecific Mediators of T Cell/B Cell Cooperation
Authors: Marrack (Hunter) Philippa C. , Kappler John W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence is presented for two types of helper T cells in the mouse specific for a protein antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The first cell is able to help B cells respond to the hapten, trinitrophenyl (TNP), when coupled to KLH presumably through the participation of KLH-specific T cell factors. The second helper cell when stimulated with KLH is able to help B cells respond to red blood cell antigens, but not TNP-KLH, through the production of a non-antigen-specific factor.
Both types of helper cells were shown to be present in the spleens of KLH-primed mice, although they occurred with different frequencies. They were shown to be different T cells by their segregation from each other in vitro at limiting dilution.
Listeria Cell Wall Fraction: A B Cell Mitogen
Authors: Cohen J. John , Rodriguez Gilberto E. , Kind Phyllis D. , Campbell Priscilla A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A crude cell wall-rich fraction of Listeria monocytogenes contains a substance or substances which cause blast transformation and thymidine incorporation by mouse spleen cells. The substance, Listeria cell wall fraction (LCWF), is a B cell mitogen in the mouse. It is not endotoxin, in that it stimulates B cells in C3H/HeJ mice. It is weakly mitogenic for rat spleen cells and not at all mitogenic for human peripheral blood or tonsil lymphocytes. Thus, it is dissimilar to both endotoxin and purified protein derivative (PPD) in its spectrum of activity. A cell wall-associated mitogen may play an early role in Listeria resistance.
Adult Murine Lymph Node Cells Respond Blastogenically to a New Differentiation Antigen on Isologous and Autologous B Lymphocytes
Authors: Ponzio Nicholas M. , Finke James H. , Battisto Jack R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cells derived from lymph nodes (LN) of adult CBA mice respond blastogenically to mitomycin-treated autologous, as well as isologous spleen cells. This isogeneic LN-to-spleen (mixed lymphocyte culture) is best obtained when both responder and stimulator cells are derived from donors greater than 10 weeks of age. Responsive cells appear restricted to LN since they could not be detected in adult spleen, marrow, or thymus. LN cells do not require the presence of spleen in order to differentiate into responder cells since those derived from neonatally splenectomized mice are fully active.
Stimulator cells appear in the spleen, bear Ig on their surfaces, and can be detected in spleens of irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted mice. Experiments comparing the responsiveness of adult LN cells and that of neonatal T cells toward mitomycin C-treated lymphoid cells from a variety of sources suggest the presence of two iso-antigens on B lymphocytes. Since both antigens apparently are absent on precursor bone marrow cells and develop with time, they have been classified as murine differentiation antigens 1 and 2 (MDA-1, MDA-2). Whereas both appear in the spleen, only one, MDA-1, is also detectable by this methodology in LN. Both MDA-1 and MDA-2 activate neonatal T cells, but MDA-2 triggers only adult LN. Whereas MDA-2 developed in an x-irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted spleen, MDA-1 did not over a 9-week interval.