bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocyte heterogeneity and interactions with local neural circuits
Authors: Holt Matthew G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Astrocytes are ubiquitous within the central nervous system (CNS). These cells possess many individual processes which extend out into the neuropil, where they interact with a variety of other cell types, including neurons at synapses. Astrocytes are now known to be active players in all aspects of the synaptic life cycle, including synapse formation and elimination, synapse maturation, maintenance of synaptic homeostasis and modulation of synaptic transmission. Traditionally, astrocytes have been studied as a homogeneous group of cells. However, recent studies have uncovered a surprising degree of heterogeneity in their development and function, suggesting that astrocytes may be matched to neurons to support local circuits. Hence, a better understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity and its implications are needed to understand brain function.
Surface-sampling mass spectrometry to study proteins and protein complexes
Authors: Wong Kei F. Carver , Greatorex Rebecca E. , Gidman Charlotte E. , Rahman Sidrah , Griffiths Rian L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis review aims to summarise the current capabilities of surface mass spectrometry (MS) approaches that offer intact protein analysis, and that of non-covalent complexes. Protein analysis is largely achieved via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI), which is in itself a surface analysis approach or solvent-based electrospray ionisation (ESI). Several surface sampling approaches have been developed based on ESI, and those that have been used for intact protein analysis will be discussed below. The extent of protein coverage, top-down elucidation, and probing of protein structure for native proteins and non-covalent complexes will be discussed for each approach. Strategies for improving protein analysis, ranging from sample preparation, and sampling methods to instrument modifications and the inclusion of ion mobility separation in the workflow will also be discussed. The relative benefits and drawbacks of each approach will be summarised, providing an overview of current capabilities.
Stuttering-Like Dysfluencies as a Consequence of Long COVID-19
Authors: Furlanis Giovanni , Busan Pierpaolo , Formaggio Emanuela , Menichelli Alina , Lunardelli Alberta , Ajcevic Milos , Pesavento Valentina , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
We present two patients who developed neurogenic stuttering after long COVID-19 related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods and Results:
Both patients experienced both physical (e.g., fatigue) and cognitive difficulties, which led to impaired function of attention, lexical retrieval, and memory consolidation. Both patients had new-onset stuttering-like speech dysfluencies: Blocks and repetitions were especially evident at the initial part of words and sentences, sometimes accompanied by effortful and associated movements (e.g., facial grimaces and oro-facial movements). Neuropsychological evaluations confirmed the presence of difficulties in cognitive tasks, while neurophysiological evaluations (i.e., electroencephalography) suggested the presence of “slowed” patterns of brain activity. Neurogenic stuttering and cognitive difficulties were evident for 4–5 months after negativization of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab, with gradual improvement and near-to-complete recovery.

Conclusions:
It is now evident that SARS-CoV-2 infection may significantly involve the central nervous system, also resulting in severe and long-term consequences, even if the precise mechanisms are still unknown. In the present report, long COVID-19 resulted in neurogenic stuttering, as the likely consequence of a “slowed” metabolism of (pre)frontal and sensorimotor brain regions (as suggested by the present and previous clinical evidence). As a consequence, the pathophysiological mechanisms related to the appearance of neurogenic stuttering have been hypothesized, which help to better understand the broader and possible neurological consequences of COVID-19.
Core Values in the Traditional Provision of Hearing Health Care
Authors: Menon Katherine N. , Hoon-Starr Michelle , Shilton Katie , Hoover Eric C. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Untreated hearing loss is a significant public health issue affecting the quality of life of millions of Americans. Barriers to treatment invite novel and innovation solutions, but as these solutions create new treatment delivery models, they also may—purposefully or accidentally—challenge the values of the field.

Method:
Value-sensitive design methodology is used in this study to identify the values in current hearing health care service delivery. We performed qualitative content analysis of questionnaires, clinical practice guidelines, and professional ethics documents that represent the intended and enacted values in audiology.

Results:
The result is a comprehensive list of values that can be used as a structured codebook for systematic textual analysis of materials representing current best practices in the provision of hearing health care services. A secondary result is an analysis of the relative importance of values in audiology, inferred from the frequency of references to each value.

Conclusions:
Subjective benefit, professional duties, and self-efficacy were the core values identified in the current provision of audiologic care, and these values should be central to considerations for new hearing health care models and technologies.
NIRwave: A wave-turbulence-driven solar wind model constrained by PSP observations
Authors: Schleich S. , Boro Saikia S. , Ziegler U. , Güdel M. , Bartel M. 
Published: February 2023

Aims. We generate a model description of the solar wind based on an explicit wave-turbulence-driven heating mechanism, and constrain our model with observational data.
Methods. We included an explicit coronal heating source term in the general 3D magnetohydrodynamic code NIRVANA to simulate the properties of the solar wind. The adapted heating mechanism is based on the interaction and subsequent dissipation of counter-propagating Alfvén waves in the solar corona, accounting for a turbulent heating rate Qp. The solar magnetic field is assumed to be an axisymmetric dipole with a field strength of 1 G. Our model results are validated against observational data taken by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP).
Results. Our NIRwave solar wind model reconstructs the bimodal structure of the solar wind with slow and fast wind speeds of 410 km s−1 and 650 km s−1 respectively. The global mass-loss rate of our solar wind model is 2.6 × 10−14 M⊙ yr−1. Despite implementing simplified conditions to represent the solar magnetic field, the solar wind parameters characterising our steady-state solution are in reasonable agreement with previously established results and empirical constraints. The number density from our wind solution is in good agreement with the derived empirical constraints, with larger deviations for the radial velocity and temperature. In a comparison to a polytropic wind model generated with NIRVANA, we find that our NIRwave model is in better agreement with the observational constraints that we derive.
Psychometrische Überprüfung eines Ein-Item-Screeners
für Schlafbeschwerden
Authors: Klimt Franziska , Brähler Elmar , Stöbel-Richter Yve , Zenger Markus , Berth Hendrik 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Schlafbeschwerden zählen zu den häufigsten
gesundheitlichen Beschwerden in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Der Bedarf
nach guten Screeninginstrumenten und Präventionsangeboten ist
groß. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, ein
Ein-Item-Screeninginstrument zu evaluieren und damit einen Beitrag zur
Verbesserung der Früherkennung zu leisten.
Methoden Es werden Daten der Sächsischen
Längsschnittstudie (SLS) analysiert. Auf Basis der 32. Erhebungswelle
(n=321, 172 Frauen, 149 Männer, M Alter=48,42,
SD=0,64) wird das G-Score Item #3 („Hatten Sie in den letzten 12
Monaten folgende Beschwerden? Bitte geben Sie an, wie häufig diese
auftraten. – Schlaflosigkeit“) im Hinblick auf die
psychometrischen Gütekriterien evaluiert. Eine Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC)-Analyse wird berechnet, um die prädiktive
Validität des G-Score Item #3 zu beurteilen.
Ergebnisse Die mittlere Retestreliabilität des G-Score Item #3
beträgt .70 (p<0,001). Die Korrelation mit der Jenkins Sleep
Scale (JSS) betrug r=0,79 (p<0,01). Es zeigt sich ein optimaler
Cut-Off-Wert bei 2. Die Area under the curve (AUC) liegt bei 0,92 und liefert
Evidenz für eine sehr gute Diskriminierungsfähigkeit.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Die Studie liefert Evidenz für
einen Einsatz des G-Score Item #3 als Screeninginstrument für
Schlafbeschwerden. Das Item zeigt zufriedenstellende Gütekriterien bei
maximaler Ökonomie.
Ultrasound Criteria for Diagnosing Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissections
Authors: Arning Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpontaneous dissection of brain-supplying cervical arteries, which also includes findings after minor injuries, is one of the main causes of ischaemic strokes in young adults. Strokes due to dissection are usually due to arterio-arterial embolism. They are rarely the first symptom of dissection because an intraluminal thrombus must first develop. Therefore, early diagnosis of dissection can contribute to stroke prevention – through immediate therapy with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. This article describes the diagnostic criteria and typical findings of spontaneous dissection, in which no dissecting membrane is to be expected as in aortic dissection. Traumatic dissections following blunt or penetrating injuries also present with different findings. Examiners should be aware of possible differential diagnoses whose ultrasound image may mimic a dissection. A frequently occurring but avoidable cause of misdiagnosis is idiopathic carotidynia. Ultrasound also enables differentiation between dissection and vasculitis or carotid web and detection of normal variants such as fenestration of the vertebral artery. Further possibilities for misdiagnosis may arise in the presence of a variant of the ascending pharyngeal artery or in extracranial vasospasm. The different imaging techniques for the detection of a dissection are complementary, as false-negative findings occur with all techniques; no method serves as the gold standard. In any case, ultrasound can make an important contribution to the detection of a dissection, and it is worth knowing the diagnostic criteria.
Intramolecular Cyclization of N-Propargylic Amides without Transition-Metal Catalysis for Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Oxazoles: Using Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides as the Fluoroalkyl Source
Authors: Amii Hideki , Sugiishi Tsuyuka , Motegi Ryohei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSynthesis of 2-fluoroalkylated oxazoles was developed by transition-metal-free intramolecular cyclization of N-propargylic amides, which are prepared from propargylic amines by employing a small excess of commercially available fluorocarboxylic acid anhydrides as fluoroalkyl­ sources, under basic conditions. Oxazoles bearing a trifluoro­methyl, pentafluoroethyl, or heptafluoropropyl group at the C2 position and functional groups on the C4 and/or C5 positions are obtained in moderate to high yields by controlling the reaction conditions.
Structure–Activity Relationships for Hypervalent Iodine Electrocatalysis
Authors: Powers David C. , Frey Brandon L. , Thai Phong , Patel Lauv 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe design and optimization of novel electrocatalysts requires robust structure–activity data to correlate catalyst structure with electrochemical behavior. Aryl iodides have been gaining attention as metal-free electrocatalysts but experimental data are available for only a limited set of structures. Herein we report electrochemical data for a family of 70 aryl iodides. Half-peak potentials are utilized as proxies for reduction potentials and reveal that, despite differences in electrochemical reversibility, the potential for one-electron oxidation of 4-substituted aryl iodides to the corresponding iodanyl radicals is well-correlated with standard Hammett parameters. Additional data are presented for 3- and 2-substituted aryl iodides, including structures with potentially chelating 2-substituents that are commonly encountered in hypervalent iodine reagents. Finally, potential decomposition processes relevant to the (in)stability of iodanyl radicals are presented. We anticipate that the collected data will advance the design and application of aryl iodide electrocatalysis.
Incomplete resection rates of 4- to 20-mm non-pedunculated colorectal polyps when using wide-field cold snare resection with routine submucosal injection
Authors: Motchum Leslie , Djinbachian Roupen , Rahme Elham , Taghiakbari Mahsa , Bouchard Simon , Bouin Mickaël , Sidani Sacha , Deslandres Érik , Takla Mark , Frija-Gruman Nissim Max , Barkun Alan , von Renteln Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Incomplete resection of 4- to 20-mm colorectal polyps occur frequently (> 10 %), putting patients at risk for post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that routine use of wide-field cold snare resection with submucosal injection (CSP-SI) might reduce incomplete resection rates (IRRs).
Patients and methods Patients aged 45 to 80 years undergoing elective colonoscopies were enrolled in a prospective clinical study. All 4- to 20-mm non-pedunculated polyps were resected using CSP-SI. Post-polypectomy margin biopsies were obtained to determine IRRs through histopathology assessment. The primary outcome was IRR, defined as remnant polyp tissue found on margin biopsies. Secondary outcomes included technical success and complication rates.
Results A total of 429 patients (median age 65 years, 47.1 % female, adenoma detection rate 40 %) with 204 non-pedunculated colorectal polyps 4 to 20 mm removed using CSP-SI were included in the final analysis. CSP-SI was technical successful in 97.5 % (199/204) of cases (5 conversion to hot snare polypectomy). IRR for CSP-SI was 3.8 % (7/183) (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.7 %-5.5 %). IRR was 1.6 % (2/129), 16 % (4/25), and 3.4 % (1/29) for adenomas, serrated lesions, and hyperplastic polyps respectively. IRR was 2.3 % (2/87), 6.3 % (4/64), 4.0 % (6/151), and 3.1 % (1/32) for polyps 4 to 5 mm, 6 to 9 mm, < 10 mm, and 10 to 20 mm, respectively. There were no CSP-SI-related serious adverse events.
Conclusions Use of CSP-SI results in lower IRRs compared to what has previously been reported in the literature for hot or cold snare polypectomy when not using wide-field cold snare resection with submucosal injection. CSP-SI showed an excellent safety and efficacy profile, however comparative studies to CSP without SI are required to confirm these results.
Is Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Superior to Endoscopic Spine Surgery in Postoperative Radiologic Outcomes of Lumbar Spine Degenerative Disease? A Systematic Review
Authors: Patel Kashyap , Harikar Mandara Muralidhar , Venkataram Tejas , Chavda Vishal , Montemurro Nicola , Assefi Marjan , Hussain Namath , Yamamoto Vicky , Kateb Babak , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe , Umana Giuseppe E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Minimally invasive spinal surgery (ESS) are both well-established surgical techniques for lumbar spinal stenosis; however, there is limited literature comparing the efficacy of the two techniques with respect to radiologic decompression data.
Methods In this review, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were systematically searched from inception until July 2022 for studies that reported the radiologic outcomes of endoscopic and minimally invasive approaches for decompressive spinal surgery, namely, the spinal canal area, neural foraminal area, and neural foraminal heights.
Results Of the 378 articles initially retrieved using MeSH and keyword search, 9 studies reporting preoperative and postoperative spinal areas and foraminal areas and heights were finally included in our review. Of the total 581 patients, 391 (67.30%) underwent MISS and 190 (32.70%) underwent ESS. The weighted mean difference between the spinal canal diameter in pre- and postoperative conditions was 56.64 ± 7.11 and 79.52 ± 21.31 mm2 in the MISS and ESS groups, respectively. ESS was also associated with a higher mean difference in the foraminal area postoperatively (72 ± 1 vs. 35.81 ± 11.3 mm2 in the MISS and ESS groups, respectively), but it was comparable to MISS in terms of the foraminal height (0.32 ± 0.037 vs. 0.29 ± 0.03 cm in the MISS and endoscopic groups, respectively).
Conclusions Compared with MISS, ESS was associated with improved radiologic parameters, including spinal canal area and neural foraminal area in the lumbar spinal segments. Both techniques led to the same endpoint of neural decompression when starting with a more severe compression. However, the present data do not allow the correlation of the radiographic results with the related clinical outcomes.
Adherence and Cost Effectivity of Home-Based Prophylaxis Over Institutionalized Prophylaxis in Patients with Hemophilia
Authors: Dutta Anupam , Boruah Dipjyoti , Boruah Angshuman , Das Arijit 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Home-based prophylaxis in hemophilia facilitates the treatment of patients with hemophilia (PwH) at home resulting in an improved quality of life, experiencing less pain and greater flexibility in daily activities. This literature studies the cost effectivity and adherence to prophylaxis treatment after the implementation of home-based prophylaxis therapy in PwH registered under the Hemophilia Treatment Centre (HTC) of Assam Medical College and Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
PwH and their parents were advised for self/home infusion after being trained by a medical professional for 6 months. Data were collected on the skip in prophylaxis treatment by PwH and their traveling cost to access the prophylaxis treatment before and after the implementation of home infusion, through questionnaire and telephonic interview.

Results:
The mean number of days of skip in prophylaxis was significantly reduced from 25 (±11) to 4 (±2) days after implementation of home infusion. The mean transportation cost was also found to be significantly decreased from Rs. 3297 (±2251) to 440 (±279). Before home/self-infusion, 77% of the registered PwH were found to skip prophylaxis doses more than 12 times a year but after home infusion, no PwH were found to skip more than 12 doses a year.

Conclusion:
Home therapy facilitates the PwH to strictly adhere to the prophylaxis regime significantly reducing the skipping of doses to be administered to the PwH. The risks of regular traveling and the burden of transportation expenditure to avail the prophylaxis treatment was also found to be reduced significantly.
Diagnosis and Management of Cystic Fibrosis Exacerbations
Authors: Milinic Tijana , McElvaney Oliver J. , Goss Christopher H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the improving survival of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the advent of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) therapy, the clinical spectrum of this complex multisystem disease continues to evolve. One of the most important clinical events for patients with CF in the course of this disease is acute pulmonary exacerbation (PEx). Clinical and microbial epidemiology studies of CF PEx continue to provide important insight into the disease course, prognosis, and complications. This work has now led to several large-scale clinical trials designed to clarify the treatment paradigm for CF PEx. The primary goal of this review is to provide a summary and update of the pathophysiology, clinical and microbial epidemiology, outcome and treatment of CF PEx, biomarkers for exacerbation, and the impact of highly effective modulator therapy on these events moving forward.
Differential absorption lidar data acquisition and control system for remote detection of trace chemicals including methane and thiodiglycol
Authors: Jindal M. K. , Mainuddin M. , Veerabuthiran S. 
Published: February 2023

We report the design and development of a data acquisition and control system for high-speed acquisition of weak, backscattered differential signals and synchronized sequential operation of all subsystems of a tunable, mid-infrared Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system. The presence of a low-level concentration of chemical species results in weak differential return signals. The differential signal also varies dynamically with respect to background atmospheric conditions. The challenge is to measure this low level of differential signal with high resolution and also control the sequence of operation of subsystems such as lasers and scanners for real time testing and evaluation in open field conditions. The concentration spread of the chemical species varies rapidly with distance. In order to capture this spatial variation, the lidar signal should be sampled and digitized at a high sampling rate. A customized Peripheral Component Interconnect based data acquisition of a 12-bit resolution, 30 Mega samples per second sampling rate, and an industrial personal computer-based control system has been realized. Detection algorithms and the firing sequence of the laser have been developed indigenously and implemented in the LabVIEW platform. The developed graphical user interface has various modes of operation as per user requirement and is capable of executing automatic operations for the developed DIAL system in order to detect and identify the chemicals. The performance has been evaluated by detecting the chemical species thiodiglycol at 800 m using 3190 and 3300 nm (online and offline wavelengths) with a differential cross-section of 2.5 × 10−23 m2. Similarly, methane has been detected and quantified with concentration of 2.2 ppm up to 300 m using 3316 and 3326 nm (online and offline wavelengths, respectively).
Polypyrrole modification on BiVO4 for photothermal-assisted photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Wu Jiazhe , Xu Xiaoya , Guo Xu , Xie Wensheng , Pan Lixia , Chen Yubin 
Published: February 2023

The bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode receives extensive attention in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, the high charge recombination rate, low electronic conductivity, and sluggish electrode kinetics have inhibited the PEC performance. Increasing the reaction temperature for water oxidation is an effective way to enhance the carrier kinetics of BiVO4. Herein, a polypyrrole (PPy) layer was coated on the BiVO4 film. The PPy layer could harvest the near-infrared light to elevate the temperature of the BiVO4 photoelectrode and further improve charge separation and injection efficiencies. In addition, the conductive polymer PPy layer acted as an effective charge transfer channel to facilitate photogenerated holes moving from BiVO4 to the electrode/electrolyte interface. Therefore, PPy modification led to a significantly improved water oxidation property. After loading the cobalt–phosphate co-catalyst, the photocurrent density reached 3.64 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode, corresponding to an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of 63% at 430 nm. This work provided an effective strategy for designing a photothermal material assisted photoelectrode for efficient water splitting.