bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green and Regioselective Alkylation of Dihydropyrimidinthiones through
Michael Addition
Authors: Yaghoubi Fatemeh , imanzadeh Gholamhassan , Asgharzadeh Roghayyeh , Soltanzadeh Zahra , Öztürk Turan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Dihydropyrimidines are one of the most important heterocyclic ring systems having a serious
place in medicinal and organic synthesis. In this paper, a new series of dihydropyrimidines consisting
of sulfur atoms were synthesized using inorganic base K2CO3 and TBAB as an organic salt to
make high polarity in reaction media. Interestingly, different 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones reacted
smoothly with various acrylic esters to afford adducts via highly regioselective N3-Michael addition
reaction was carried out at 100oC in 12 h. result: Unfortunately, the reaction failed with fumaric
esters owing steric effects. Avoiding organic solvents during this reaction effectively led to the development
of an economic approach. Structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of
1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectral data.
Ionic Liquid Immobilized Pd Nanocatalysts for Chemoselective Reduction
of Aliphatic/Aromatic Nitro Compounds
Authors: Prakash Om , Jangir Bhawana , Srivastava Vivek 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
In this work, we have successfully synthesized four types of ionic liquid-mediated Pd
nanocatalysts and performed the physiochemical analysis of the developed Pd-based nanocatalysts using
a transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis. The well-dispersed and
fine Pd nanoparticles were recorded in the ILPdNPs-4 catalytic system. We used this catalytic system
to reduce a series of aliphatic and aromatic compounds with nitro groups and developed various biologically
active amine molecules. In the continuation of the same, we also reduced nitrolactone, which
is considered one of the important starting materials for the synthesis of renin inhibitor aliskiren
(Tekturna®, and worldwide as Rasilez®). We also completed the catalyst stability test and recycled the
ILPdNPs-4 catalytic system for up to eight runs. No sign of metal leaching, Pd black formation, and
agglomeration was recorded during recycling runs.
Determination of Heavy Metal Contents in some Medicinal Plants from
The Region of Oran from Algeria
Authors: Mokred Mohamed Rabie , Talbi Mohamed , Bouzidi Nadia Kambouche , Berrabah Ahlem , Benzine Salima Bellahouel 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Some heavy metals found in our environment are toxic; once absorbed by
plants, they build up in tissues and are phased out. Other heavy metals are trace elements needed for
human health, but they can be toxic in excess concentrations.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is both to confirm the necessary metals' recognized medicinal
virtues and to raise awareness of the presence of harmful non-essential metals that could harm humans
and the environment.

Methods:
This study depicts a profile of existence of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe) in some
important herbal plants used in some parts of the country as a food condiment like (Moringa oleifera,
Artemesia campestis, Nigella sativa, Asparagus stipularis, Sesamum indicum, Ruta montana,
Rhamnus alaternus, Pistacia lentiscus using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Results:
The heavy metals in these medicinal plants were in the range of 0.38-0.56ppm of Zn, 0.00-
0.69 ppm of Cu, 0.13-0.16 ppm of Cd, 0.26-0.52 ppm of Pb, 1.10-8.89 ppm of Fe. Of the eight medicinal
plants/products examined, the prescribed limits were respected.
For each plant, a test sample of 2 grams of powder is mineralized. Each mineral is analyzed by injection.
For each element, a calibration curve is generated. Assay with atomic absorption devices
(lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese) is carried out. The results are expressed in mg/L for
different species. The highest value is lead. Copper content is present in various extracts and is considered
a good source.

Conclusion:
The obtained results are promising for human health. The zinc contained in Moringa is
very valuable. The presence of iron in the species Rhamnus alaternus confirms its use in traditional
medicine as an anti-anemic.
A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Chemotype Marine Derived-Drug
Discovery
Authors: Rajakumar Santhosh , S.V. Ramprasadh , D. Susha , Sharma Sameer 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
The global population's rapid expansion is a worldwide concern, which has led to higher
medication and resource consumption. As a result, there is a tremendous need to seek out new
means of producing reliable medications to meet the rising demand of a global populace suffering
from a wide range of health problems. Various resources are available in marine habitats for the
development of novel medications. Their life circumstances are radically different from those found
in a terrestrial setting. In order for marine animals to thrive in the ocean, they produce a variety of
secondary metabolites, which can possibly be life-saving bioactive compounds that come from an
increasing variety of marine microorganisms. These metabolites have pharmacological properties
that make them intriguing as a potential for human medications. Therefore, there has recently been
a rise in interest in marine-derived biomolecules as potential treatments. Utilizing a wide range of
screening methods, we can investigate the effects of these extracts and purified compounds from
marine organisms in the medicinal industry, such as cancer prevention, inflammation reduction,
virus and bacteria inhibition, ion channel/receptor modulation, and plant growth stimulation. The
structures of bioactive substances will be determined after they have been isolated chromatographically.
Marine-based bioactive compounds can be (semi) synthesized to make new derivatives,
structural analogues, and copies that can be used to build new marine-based chemical catalogs and
contribute as lead or hit molecules. This overview classifies FDA-approved marine-based drugs and
provides information on their origins, chemical composition, manufacturing processes, and pharmacology.
This paper outlines the supply dilemma in marine medicine development.
Experimental Study on NRF2 Mediated by Chinese Medicine Tangzhiqing to Reduce Autophagy-dependent Ferroptosis and Alleviate Neuron Damage in HT22 Mice with Diabetes-related Cognitive Disorder
Authors: Wang Xu , Qiu Lingyan , Chen Kai , Zhao Yun 
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Diabetes is a chronic condition defined by the body’s inability to process glucose. The most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, reflects the body’s insulin resistance, which leads to long-term raised glucose blood levels. These levels can cause oxidative damage, cell stress, and excessive autophagy throughout the body, including the nervous system. Diabetes-related cognitive impairment (DCI) results from chronic elevation of blood glucose, and as diabetes cases continue to rise, so do comorbidities, such as DCI. Although there are medications to address high blood glucose, there are few that can inhibit excessive autophagy and cell death.

METHOD:
We investigated if the Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangzhiqing (TZQ), can reduce the impact of DCI in a high-glucose cell model. We used commercially available kits to evaluate cell viability, mitochondrial activity, and oxidative stress

RESULT:
We found that TZQ treatment increased cell viability, ensured continued mitochondrial activity, and reduced reactive oxygen species. We also found that TZQ functions by increasing NRF2 activity, which decreases the ferroptosis-associated pathways that involve p62, HO-1, and GPX4.

CONCLUSION:
TZQ should be further investigated for its role in reducing DCI.
A Survey of Women giving Birth regarding Respect for the Human Dignity of the Mother and the Newborn
Authors: Raesi Rasoul , Saghari Sam , Tabatabaee Seyed Saeed , Mirzaei Sepideh , Hushmandi Kiavash 
Published: June 2023

Background:
This study aimed to determine the current status of respect for the human dignity of mothers and newborn from the perspective of women who have given birth.
Providing health services with respect for the human dignity of the mother and the newborn can boost the mother's self-esteem, encourage her to become pregnant in the future, and may also strengthen her confidence in the medical system.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out through a census of 384 women who gave birth in Khaf's 22nd Bahman Hospital, eastern Iran, in 2022. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect data, which were then analyzed in SPSS-22 using one-sample t and multiple linear regression. The significance level was established at p <0.05.

Results:
Communication with respect (2.98 ± 0.53) and respect for individual autonomy (2.94 ± 0.54) ranked highest and lowest, respectively, among the components of respect for the mother and newborn's human dignity. From the perspective of women who had given birth, respect for the human dignity of the mother and newborn in general, as well as the components of respect for personal privacy and communication with respect, were at a moderate level, whereas respect for individual autonomy was below average.

Conclusion:
The below-average score of the component of respect for individual autonomy and, finally the average level of respect for the human dignity of the mother and newborn necessitates that managers prioritize promoting these concepts in the provision of health services through practical programs.
Investigating the Reasons for the Unwillingness to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19 in the General Population
Authors: Hushmandi Kiavash , Tabatabaee Seyed Saeed , Saghari Sam , Zandieh Mohammad Arad , Raesi Rasoul 
Published: June 2023

Aim:
This study sought to identify barriers to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among the general population in Khaf, eastern Iran.

Background:
The sudden emergence of COVID-19 reaffirmed that prevention is preferable to treatment. It is difficult to achieve the goal of widespread COVID-19 vaccination if the general population is reluctant to be vaccinated against it.

Methods:
This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 412 individuals over the age of 18 who were selected via convenience sampling from the general population in 2022. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized to collect information regarding COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy from the target population over the phone. The questionnaire covered three domains: personal reasons, concerns about the vaccine, and concerns about the Ministry of Health's performance. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 22 statistical software using one-sample t-test and multiple linear regression. The level of significance was established at p <0.05.

Results:
This study examined 133 females and 279 males. The highest mean score of COVID-19 vaccination reluctance was associated with the performance of the Ministry of Health (3.77 ± 0.79) and the lowest with personal reasons (2.51 ± 0.57).

Conclusion:
COVID-19 vaccination reluctance was associated more with the performance of the Ministry of Health and the nature of the COVID-19 vaccine. Hence, the Ministry of Health must intervene directly to ensure the success of public vaccination by informing people about the vaccine and alleviating mistrust in society.
Why Thermodynamic Entropy and Statistical Entropy are Two
Different Physical Quantities
Authors: Paglietti Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Historically, the coincidence of classical thermodynamic entropy
and statistical entropy is based on an assumption (the so-called Boltzmann-Planck relation).
The study shows that the Boltzmann-Planck relation is not valid in general.

Aims:
The study demonstrates that thermodynamic entropy is a physical entity distinct
from statistical entropy.

Methods:
Initially, the entropy of ideal gases is examined and demonstrated to be independent
of the gas volume. The ideal gas's true entropy is then expressed correctly.

Results:
The Boltzmann-Planck entropy equation is demonstrated to be incapable of describing
the thermodynamic entropy of ideal gases.

Conclusion:
In general, the Boltzmann-Planck entropy cannot be considered a statistical
interpretation of the thermodynamic entropy. The two entropies represent two different
physical quantities. The physical quantity that enters the second law of thermodynamics is
the thermodynamic entropy, not the statistical entropy.

6:
The study advocates for a fundamental rethinking of today's statistical understanding of
thermodynamics.
In-vitro Safety Assessment of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles for Preclinical Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Naz Farhat , Kumar Arun , Prabhakar Pankaj , Lale Shantanu 
Published: June 2023

Background:
The development of safe and biocompatible nanoparticles has always been a major concern in nanomedicine applications. Various studies on the size-dependent toxicity of na-noparticles have been reported but are still controversial. The potential of small-sized nanoparticles can be utilized for imaging and diagnostics. However, insufficient toxicity data on these nanoparti-cles prevents researchers from utilizing their potential in diagnostics. More studies are needed on the toxicity of small-sized nanoparticles to present unanimous report for safe systemic use. The pre-sent study aimed to investigate the toxicity concerns of very small-sized AuNPs (2 ± 0.5 nm, 5 ± 1 nm, and 10 ± 2 nm) and provide a platform for their safe in vivo use.

Methods:
The cellular interactions of these three small-sized AuNPs with regard to cytotoxicity were investigated on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and epithelial kidney (HEK-293) cell lines. The cytotoxicity investigation of both cell lines was done through MTT assays, PI & DAPI, and cy-tology. Cellular stress was investigated by Catalase, TBARS, GSH, SOD & ROS parameters. The AuNPs incubated cells were also assessed for immunogenicity by ELISA, protein interaction by BSA, and cellular internalization by TEM (Edax).

Results:
All three-sized AuNPs were not toxic on cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis, or cytology as-sessment. No oxidative stress was noted in both cell types in the presence of 2 and 5-nm-sized AuNPs, whereas 10 nm-sized AuNPs showed little oxidative stress. AuNPs of size 2 and 5 nm were immunologically inert, but 10 nm-sized AuNPs elicited interleukin (IL-4 and IL-10) and interferon IFN gamma response. AuNPs of sized 2 nm showed 4 times the adsorption of albumin protein as compared to AuNPs of sized 5 nm. The TEM micrographs and peak of gold in the Edax graph con-firmed the presence of AuNPs in cells.

Conclusion:
Our results are suggestive of utilizing the potential of these three-sized AuNPs safely in preclinical drug delivery applications.
Development of Surface Modified and Aqueous Re-dispersible Nanocrystal
using Pluronic F-68 and Suitable Cryoprotectant for Accelerating the
Dissolution Rate of Cilnidipine
Authors: Agarwal Vijay , Kaushik Nitin , Goel Surya 
Published: June 2023

Background:
The research on poorly aqueous-soluble drugs of BCS class II such as Cilnidipine
(CLD) demands significant improvement in their aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Such
requirements may be fulfilled by adapting the nanocrystal approach with considering the various challenges.

Objective:
The prime purpose of this research work was to develop, optimize and characterize the nanocrystal
of the poorly aqueous soluble drug (CLD) using the antisolvent-precipitation ultrasonication
method. Such a method was followed for rapid re-dispersion of drugs in water with improving their dissolution
rate.

Methods:
In this study, the different nanosuspension formulations were prepared using varying concentrations
of three stabilizers - Pluronic F-68, Pluronic F-127, and HPMC-15cps, as selected stabilizer candidates.
The selected and optimized formulation was followed by a lyophilization process with the incorporation
of two selected distinct cryoprotectants - Mannitol and Lactose. The obtained nanocrystals were
evaluated for their physical appearance, aqueous re-dispersibility, and particle size. Additionally, the optimized
nanoformulation was also evaluated for morphology, dissolution rate, assay, drug entrapment
efficiency, and drug loading content. The in vitro dissolution of optimized drug nanocrystal was done in
the phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.8 and compared with bulk CLD and a physical mixture of CLD and
pluronic F-68.

Results:
For optimizing drug nanosuspension, the effect of pluronic F-68 and cilnidipine concentration
was investigated, and the optimal values were 0.3% w/v and 5 mg/ml, respectively. Mannitol-containing
nanocrystals exhibited a white crystalline powder having a particle size of 154 nm and a good polydispersity
index (0.217). Nanocrystals also demonstrated an excellent re-dispersibility in deionized water after
manual shaking and no particles were observed at the bottom of the container till 15 days. Such optimized
formulation also indicated an increase in dissolution rate in comparison to bulk CLD and their physical
mixture with pluronic F-68. It released approximately 72.25% of the drug within 90 minutes while bulk
CLD and physical mixture released only 31.24% and 30.37% of the drug, respectively at the same time.
The drug assay method indicated that only 92% of the drug was present in optimized nanocrystals after the
transformation of nanosuspension into nanocrystals which was less than the initial amount. In this research,
the experimental work also analyzed that optimized nanocrystal has only 28.6% of drug loading content.

Conclusion:
The selected method and cryoprotectant have ability to develop the aqueous re-dispersible
nanocrystal for enhancing the dissolution rate and water solubility of CLD-like poorly soluble drugs.
Modelling the Inner Warehouse Shortest Route Planning using Dynamic Programming Block
Authors: Shariff S.Sarifah Radiah , Mohd Nordin Noraimi Azlin , Omar Mohd , Supadi Siti Suzlin 
Published: June 2023

Fulfilling the customer requirement has always been of utmost concern to logistics service companies, namely those providing warehouse and transportation services. In the warehouse, inner transportation problem affects its performance. Order picker problem is one of the problems that involves the transportation problem within the warehouse. The problem can be handled properly by having proper storage assignment, proper tasking allocation and optimal routing for inner warehouse vehicles' movement. This study proposed a modified Dynamic Programming model to determine the shortest route for the order pickers in completing and fulfilling the customers' orders. The model shows stable solutions for numerous orders.
Design and Implementation of a Digitally Enabled Care Pathway to Improve Management of Depression in a Large Health Care System: Protocol for the Implementation of a Patient Care Platform
Authors: Khatib Rasha , McCue Maggie , Blair Chris , Roy Anit , Franco John , Fehnert Ben , King James , Sarkey Sara , Chrones Lambros , Martin Michael , Kabir Christopher , Kemp David E 
Published: June 2023

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious public health concern worldwide. A treatment approach that incorporates measurement-based care (MBC) and shared decision-making between patients with MDD and their providers may foster patient engagement and improve clinical outcomes. While digital tools such as mobile apps show promise for expanding health interventions, these apps are rarely integrated into clinical practice.

Objective
The primary objective of this ongoing study is to determine whether implementation of a digital tool—the Pathway Platform—in primary care improves adherence to MBC practices; here, we present the study methods.

Methods
This large-scale, real-world implementation study is based on a pilot study of an earlier iteration of a mobile app (the Pathway app) that confirmed the feasibility of using the app in patients with MDD and showed a positive trend in patient engagement in the app arm. In addition, a user-centered design approach that included qualitative assessments from patients and providers was used to improve understanding of the patient journey and care team workflows. User feedback highlighted the need for enhanced features, education modules, and real-time data sharing via integration with the electronic health record. The current iteration of the Platform includes the newest version of the Pathway app, education modules for both patients and providers, and real-time patient-level data sharing with the electronic health record. The study takes place in primary care sites within the Advocate Aurora Health system in Illinois and includes adult patients with MDD who were recently prescribed monotherapy antidepressant medication (defined as a new start, medication switch, or dose change in the past 3 months). Clinical performance and selected patient outcomes will be compared before and after the implementation of the Platform.

Results
Patient recruitment was completed in July 2022, with initial results expected in mid-2023.

Conclusions
This study will provide useful insights into real-world integration of a digital platform within a large health system. The methods presented here highlight the unique user-centric development of the Pathway Platform, which has resulted in an enhanced digital tool with the potential to foster MBC and shared decision-making, improve patient-provider communication, and ultimately lead to optimized treatment outcomes for patients with MDD.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04891224; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04891224

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/43788
Phân tích tổn thương trên hiện trạng đất nông nghiệp do tác động xâm nhập mặn tại tỉnh Tiền Giang năm 2020 ứng dụng ảnh viễn thám
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hồng Điệp , Nguyễn Minh Nghĩa , Cao Nhuận Phát , Dương Cơ Hiếu , Nguyễn Trọng Nguyễn , Phan Kiều Diễm 
Published: June 2023

Nghiên cứu thực hiện nhằm mục tiêu phân tích tác động xâm nhập mặn trên hiện trạng sử dụng đất và đánh giá mức độ tổn thương trên đất nông nghiệp tỉnh Tiền Giang năm 2020. Nghiên cứu áp dụng phương pháp phân loại theo hướng đối tượng trên ảnh vệ tinh Landsat 8 và phân loại phi giám sát trên ảnh MODIS phân loại hiện trạng sử dụng đất và cơ cấu canh tác mùa vụ vùng nghiên cứu. Độ tin cậy phân loại ảnh khá cao được đánh giá dựa trên 2 thông số gồm độ chính xác toàn cục (T) là 85,6% và hệ số Kappa là 0,79. Kết quả phân loại 7 nhóm hiện trạng sử dụng đất gồm đất lúa 3 vụ, đất lúa 2 vụ, luân canh lúa và thủy sản, đất cây lâu năm, đất nuôi trồng thủy sản, đất công trình xây dựng và sông. Tổng diện tích đất canh tác lúa cao nhất chiếm 47,5% và thấp nhất phân bố trên hiện trạng thủy sản với 4,7%. Nghiên cứu phân tích và ước tính tổn thương dựa trên 3 thành phần chính gồm độ phơi nhiễm (Exxposure), độ nhạy cảm (Sensitivity) và khả năng thích ứng (Adaptive Capacity) theo IPCC&UNESCO-IHE (2001). Tổn thương tác động đến tất cả các hiện trạng sử dụng đất dưới tác động của xâm nhập mặn trong đó ảnh hưởng cao nhất trên đất lúa 3 vụ và cây lâu năm;...