bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of HLA class I and II alleles in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese Han
Authors: Jiang Yongwei , Liu Qian , Kong Xiaomu , Zhao Meimei , Liu Yi , Gao Peng , Deng Guoxiong , Cao Yongtong , Ma Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to clarify the associations of HLA class I and II alleles with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) among Chinese Han.MethodsWe performed HLA genotyping and Sanger sequencing for 68 HLA‐B*27(−), 62 HLA‐B*27(+) AS patients, and 70 controls. Case–control analyses and separate analyses of HLA‐B*27(−) patients were performed. One‐way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis multiple comparisons test were used to analyze the effects of HLA‐A\B\C\DRB1\DQB1 alleles on clinical characteristics of HLA‐B*27(−) and HLA‐B*27(+) patients.ResultsIn the HLA‐B*27(+) group, positive associations were seen with A*11:02, B*27:04, B*27:05, C*02:02, C*12:02, and DRB1*04:01 and negative associations were seen with A*33:03, B*07:02, B*57:01, and C*07:02. The age at onset was greater in HLA‐B*27(−) patients than in HLA‐B*27(+) patients (30.03 ± 15.15 vs. 23.08 ± 7.79 years). In the HLA‐B*27(−) group, those with A*01:01, B*13:01, B*13:02, C*01:02, C*04:01, DQB1*02:01, DQB1*06:01, and DRB1*03:01 had an earlier onset than those without these alleles, while patients carrying B*40:02, C*07:02, C*12:02, C*15:02, DQB1*05:02, and DQB1*05:03 had a delayed onset. In the HLA‐B*27(−) group, A*32:01(+), C*08:01(+), and DRB1*04:05(−) women were likely to develop AS. In the HLA‐B*27(+) group, DQB1*03:02(+) women may be more likely to develop AS. DRB1*12:02 and HLA‐B*27 interacted with the distribution of AS‐affected sites. In the HLA‐B*27(+) group, DRB1*12:02(+) patients were likely to have peripheral joint involvement.ConclusionHLA class I and II alleles other than HLA‐B*27 contribute to AS predisposition and characteristics among Chinese Han patients.
Long‐Term Safety Profiles of Macrolides and Tetracyclines: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Waitayangkoon Palapun , Moon Soo Jin , Tirupur Ponnusamy Jai Juganya , Zeng Li , Driban Jeffrey , McAlindon Timothy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMacrolides and tetracyclines are antibiotics that have a range of anti‐inflammatory properties beyond their microbial capabilities. Although these antibiotics have been in widespread use, the long‐term safety profiles are limited. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials that compared macrolides or tetracyclines with placeboes to provide long‐term safety information. We searched Medline and EMBASE from inception to October 2022 and identified studies that reported study drug‐related death, serious adverse events (SAEs), or withdrawal rates, and common adverse effects of each drug. Relative risk (RR) and number needed to harm were calculated. Of the 52 randomized clinical trials included, there are 3151 participants on doxycycline, 2519 participants on minocycline, 3049 participants on azithromycin, 763 participants on clarithromycin, 262 participants on erythromycin, and 100 participants on roxithromycin. There was no death related to any study drugs and rates of SAE were not significantly different from placebo in any drug. Overall withdrawal rates were slightly higher than placebo in doxycycline (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.52) and minocycline (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.46). Withdrawal rates due to adverse events were higher in doxycycline (RR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.88‐4.22), minocycline (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.98), and azithromycin (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.13‐2.08). Gastrointestinal disturbances are the most common tolerable adverse effects for every drug. Photosensitivity and rash are the second most common adverse effects for doxycycline and minocycline. We found no evidence that long‐term use up to 2 years of macrolides or tetracyclines was associated with increased risk of SAEs.
Pilot study of peripheral internal jugular venous catheters on a hospitalist‐run medicine procedure service
Authors: Heath Jonathon , Finn Erin , Dancel Ria , Stephens John R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProviders caring for hospitalized patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA) frequently use central venous catheters (CVCs). One potential alternative is a peripheral internal jugular (PIJ) catheter, which is less traumatic to place and has fewer lumens than a CVC. We describe the results of 2 years' experience from a pilot project of a medicine procedure service placing PIJ catheters in hospitalized patients with DIVA. We successfully placed 34/35 (97%) PIJ catheters in 32 patients with zero complications. Median duration of use was 2.5 days (range 0–53 days, IQR 1–5). Catheter failure rate within 7 days was 32.4%, though it varied across catheter types: 9.5% in 8–10 cm midline catheters versus 69.2% (p < .001) in 6 cm angiocatheter wire introducers or shorter peripheral intravenous catheters. Our results suggest that PIJ catheters may be an option to reduce the mechanical and infectious risks associated with CVCs in some hospitalized patients with DIVA.
The contribution of smallholders' livelihood activities on income inequality and poverty: Case study from rural Tanzania
Authors: Mager Gregor , Faße Anja 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study uses a unique panel dataset on micro data with 786 households over 3 years (2014, 2016 and 2018) at the community level in Tanzania, assessing the contribution of different income sources on the changes in income inequality and poverty. The results show that in contrast to other income sources, non‐farm self‐employment is the only source with a constant poverty‐decreasing effect. The inconsistency of the different income sources over time can also be observed for the effects on income inequality. Future research is needed to grasp the effect on inequality in more detail assessing its determinants and causal relationships.
A new test method for biochemical analysis of plasmalogens in dried blood spots and erythrocytes from patients with peroxisomal disorders
Authors: Wegwerth Peter J. , White Amy L. , Stoway Stephanie D. , Loken Perry R. , Oglesbee Devin , Matern Dietrich , Tortorelli Silvia , Raymond Kimiyo M. , Braverman Nancy E. , Gavrilov Dimitar K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeasurement of plasmalogens is useful for the biochemical diagnosis of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) and is also informative for Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSD). We have developed a test method for the simultaneous quantitation of C16:0, C18:0, and C018:1 plasmalogen (PG) species and their corresponding fatty acids (FAs) in dried blood spots (DBS) and erythrocytes (RBC) by using capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Normal reference ranges for measured markers and 10 calculated ratios were established by the analysis of 720 and 473 unaffected DBS and RBC samples, respectively. Determination of preliminary disease ranges was made by using 45 samples from 43 unique patients: RCDP type 1 (DBS: 1 mild, 17 severe; RBC: 1 mild, 6 severe), RCDP type 2 (DBS: 2 mild, 1 severe; RBC: 2 severe), RCDP type 3 (DBS: 1 severe), RCDP type 4 (RBC: 2 severe), and ZSD (DBS: 3 severe; RBC: 2 mild, 7 severe). Postanalytical interpretive tools in Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Reports (CLIR) were used to generate an integrated score and a likelihood of disease. In conjunction with a review of clinical phenotype, phytanic acid, and very long‐chain FA test results, the CLIR analysis allowed for differentiation between RCDP and ZSD. Data will continue to be gathered to improve CLIR analysis as more samples from affected patients with variable disease severity are analyzed. The addition of DBS analysis of PGs may allow for at‐home specimen collection and second‐tier testing for newborn screening programs.
Ultrasound Features of Onychopapilloma at High‐Frequency and Ultra‐High Frequency
Authors: Sechi Andrea , Starace Michela , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Wortsman Ximena 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the sonographic features of pathologically confirmed onychopapilloma cases.MethodsHigh‐frequency up to 24 MHz and ultra‐high frequency‐ultrasound up to 71 MHz examinations were performed and correlated with their clinical and pathologic presentations.ResultsTwenty‐two cases met the criteria. Clinical presentations revealed longitudinal erythronychia in 63.3% of cases. The ultrasound examinations identified a hypoechoic band in the nail bed (86.3%), nail plate abnormalities including upward displacement (68.2%) and thickening (68.1%), focal hyperechoic focal spots on the nail plate (50%) and irregularities of the ventral plate (33.3%).Color Doppler imaging showed no hypervascularity of the nail bed in all studies. These findings correlate with histological characteristics of onychopapilloma, including nail bed acanthosis, papillomatosis, and layered hyperkeratosis. Recurrence occurred in two cases after surgery, with tumors showing proximal extension in the matrix region on ultrasound not evident during clinical examination.ConclusionHigh‐frequency and ultra‐high‐frequency can provide anatomical information in onychopapilloma that could enhance understanding and management.
Paradoxical pustular psoriasis in a patient with spondyloarthritis treated with secukinumab
Authors: Anghel Daniela , Georgescu Mihaela , Poenaru Marcela , Orleanu Diana Maria , Tiplica George Sorin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSecukinumab is a monoclonal antibody used to specifically inhibit pathologic interleukin‐17 and therefore effectively manage conditions like plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Although we know that antitumor necrosis factor molecules can cause paradoxical pustular psoriasis, a few case reports noted this reaction in patients treated with secukinumab. We report a case of a paradoxical drug reaction consisting of palmar pustular psoriasis in a female patient treated with secukinumab for spondyloarthritis.
Spatial variation in density of American black bears in northern Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Bowersock Nathaniel R. , Litt Andrea R. , Sawaya Michael A. , Gunther Kerry A. , van Manen Frank T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe quality and availability of resources are known to influence spatial patterns of animal density. In Yellowstone National Park, relationships between the availability of resources and the distribution of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) have been explored but have yet to be examined in American black bears (Ursus americanus). We conducted non‐invasive genetic sampling during 2017–2018 (mid‐May to mid‐July) and applied spatially explicit capture‐recapture models to estimate density of black bears and examine associations with landscape features. In both years, density estimates were higher in forested vegetation communities, which provide food resources and thermal and security cover preferred by black bears, compared with non‐forested areas. In 2017, density also varied by sex, with female densities being higher than males. Based on our estimates, the northern range of Yellowstone National Park supports one of the highest densities of black bears (20 black bears/100 km2) in the northern Rocky Mountains (6–12 black bears/100 km2 in other regions). Given these high densities, black bears could influence other wildlife populations more than previously thought, such as through displacement of sympatric predators from kills. Our study provides the first spatially explicit estimates of density for black bears within an ecosystem that contains the majority of North America's large mammal species. Our density estimates provide a baseline that can be used for future research and management decisions of black bears, including efforts to reduce human–bear conflicts.
Longer holding times decrease dispersal but increase mortality of translocated scaled quail
Authors: Ruzicka Rebekah E. , Rollins Dale , Doherty Paul F. , Kendall William L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractScaled quail (Callipepla squamata) decline caused by habitat loss and fragmentation increased interest in translocation to reestablish populations. Yet factors determining translocation success are poorly understood. We tested hypotheses concerning the influence of source population and variation in delayed release strategy (1–9 weeks) on mortality and dispersal of wild‐caught, translocated scaled quail. We trapped and translocated quail from 2016–2017 from source populations in the Edwards Plateau and Rolling Plains ecoregions to a large contiguous (>40,000 ha) release site in Knox County, Texas, USA. We evaluated mortality and dispersal of translocated females as a function of source population, holding time prior to release, age, release location, and year using a multi‐state mark‐recapture model with state uncertainty. Scaled quail translocated within the Rolling Plains were more likely to exhibit philopatry to the release site. Quail with longer holding times had higher mortality but lower dispersal rates. The Edwards Plateau is a suitable source site for translocation in the Rolling Plains. The reduced dispersal but higher mortality of translocated scaled quail associated with longer holding times creates a decision tradeoff for managers.
Strong hydrodynamic drivers of coral reef fish biodiversity on submerged pinnacle coral reefs
Authors: Galbraith Gemma F. , Cresswell Benjamin J. , McCormick Mark I. , Jones Geoffrey P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrodynamic processes are important in all marine environments and on coral reefs drive patterns of habitat zonation, community structure, and biodiversity. Abrupt geomorphological features like pinnacles and seamounts often possess distinct localized currents and these habitats are also often characterized by high abundance and biomass of fishes. However, differences in fish community structure between pinnacles and emergent reefs, and their key drivers are poorly understood. In this study, we compared fish communities among emergent fringing and offshore coral reefs, and submerged pinnacle reefs in Papua New Guinea. Submerged pinnacles possessed higher fish biomass, abundance, and species richness than both fringing and offshore emergent reefs. We collected in‐situ current speed and temperature data over a full year at each reef and used random forest analysis to investigate the relative influence of hydrodynamics compared to other well‐established drivers of reef fish biodiversity, including habitat and biogeographic factors. Environmental variables explained 70%, 52%, and 5% of variability in models for species richness, abundance and biomass respectively. In all models, average current speed, current speed variability, and reef area were consistently among the most influential variables. Models examining relationships between fish biodiversity metrics and current speed did not yield conclusive results but did highlight the association of distinct hydrodynamic regimes on pinnacles with high fish richness, abundance, and biomass. Our study highlights the strong influence of reef‐scale hydrodynamics on fish biodiversity and demonstrates the ecological value of small, submerged coral reefs, which are globally numerous yet remain understudied in coral reef ecology.
On extendability of functionals on Hilbert C∗$C^*$‐modules
Authors: Manuilov Vladimir 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet be Hilbert ‐modules over a ‐algebra with . It was shown recently by Kaad and Skeide that there exists a non‐zero ‐valued functional on such that its restriction onto is zero. Here, we show that this may happen even if is monotone complete. On the other hand, we show that for certain type I ‐algebras this cannot happen.
On Seeley‐type universal extension operators for the upper half space
Authors: Lu Haowen , Yao Liding 
Published: September 2023

AbstractModified from the standard half‐space extension via the reflection principle, we construct a linear extension operator for the upper half space that has the form for . We prove that is bounded in all ‐spaces, Sobolev and Hölder spaces, Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces, along with their Morrey generalizations. We also give an analogous construction on bounded smooth domains.
Pyroptosis and inflammasomes in cancer and inflammation
Authors: Wang Jie‐Lin , Hua Sheng‐Ni , Bao Hai‐Juan , Yuan Jing , Zhao Yang , Chen Shuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNonprogrammed cell death (NPCD) and programmed cell death (PCD) are two types of cell death. Cell death is significantly linked to tumor development, medication resistance, cancer recurrence, and metastatic dissemination. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of cell death is essential for the treatment of cancer. Pyroptosis is a kind of PCD distinct from autophagy and apoptosis in terms of the structure and function of cells. The defining features of pyroptosis include the release of an inflammatory cascade reaction and the expulsion of lysosomes, inflammatory mediators, and other cellular substances from within the cell. Additionally, it displays variations in osmotic pressure both within and outside the cell. Pyroptosis, as evidenced by a growing body of research, is critical for controlling the development of inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the current level of knowledge on the mechanism of pyroptosis and inflammasomes and their connection to cancer and inflammatory diseases. This article presents a theoretical framework for investigating the potential of therapeutic targets in cancer and inflammatory diseases, overcoming medication resistance, establishing nanomedicines associated with pyroptosis, and developing risk prediction models in refractory cancer. Given the link between pyroptosis and the emergence of cancer and inflammatory diseases, pyroptosis‐targeted treatments may be a cutting‐edge treatment strategy.
Differential traits between microvesicles and exosomes in enterovirus infection
Authors: Fu Yuxuan , Xiong Sidong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (MVs), are released by most cell types into the extracellular space and represent the pathophysiological condition of their source cells. Recent studies demonstrate that EVs derived from infected cells and tumors contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, very few studies have rigorously characterized exosomes and microvesicles in infectious diseases. In this study, we focused on subpopulations of EVs during the human enterovirus infection and explored the distinct traits and functions of EVs. We construct an effective immunomagnetic method to isolate exosomes and MVs from enterovirus‐infected cells excluding virion. The morphology and sizes of exosomes and MVs have no significant alteration after enterovirus infection. Meanwhile, our study observed that the enterovirus infection could induce exosome secretion but not MVs. In vivo study showed that there was differential biodistribution between exosomes and MVs. Using deep RNA sequencing, we found that the cargo information in MVs rather than in exosomes could accurately reflect pathological condition of original cells. Our study demonstrated that it should be considered to use MVs as clinical diagnostics during in enterovirus infection because their composition is reflective of pathological changes.
Combined perforator flaps and lymphatic procedures in reconstructions after sarcoma resection
Authors: Poskevicius Audrius , Meroni Matteo , Fuchs Bruno , Scaglioni Mario F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSoft tissue sarcomas are a subtle category of tumors that often require an extensive surgical resection for definitive treatment. This kind of intervention inevitably leads to large tissue damage and, when regions with rich lymphatic network are involved, postoperative complications such as lymphocele or lymphedema are quite common. In this report we present our experience with the combination of lymphatic procedures with perforator flaps for defects reconstruction and lymphatic complications preventions after sarcoma resection throughout the body.MethodsBetween 2019 and 2021, 15 patients underwent a surgical resection of soft tissue sarcoma, also including bone tissue in 2 cases, requiring soft tissue reconstruction. A perforator flap reconstruction surgery was performed in all cases. The median age was 59.8 years old (ranging 23–84), 8 patients were females and 7 were males. The lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) surgery concept was applied to all cases, while other additional lymphatic procedures were chosen individually for every patient.ResultsAll patients were successfully treated without any perioperative complications. In 3 cases infected seroma was encountered in the acceptor site and then successfully treated by means of debridement and vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy. 2 patients experienced postoperative lymphedema in the acceptor site which was managed by secondary procedures. Good functional and aesthetic outcomes were achieved in all cases. The mean follow‐up was 19.6 months (range 10–33 months).ConclusionsDifferent combinations of modern lymphatic procedures can be created to find the best solution and tailor the treatment to the patient's needs. Preventative measures regarding lymphatic complications can be highly effective and should be taken into consideration in every reconstructive approach following large soft tissue defects with impairment of the lymphatic network.
Efficacy and safety of an alternative onabotulinumtoxinA injection paradigm for refractory overactive bladder
Authors: MacDiarmid Scott , Glazier David B. , McCrery Rebecca J. , Kennelly Michael J. , Nelson Mariana , Ifantides Kimberly Becker , McCammon Kurt A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsIn studies utilizing a 20‐injection‐site paradigm of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for overactive bladder (OAB), some patients performed clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). An alternative injection paradigm of fewer injections targeting the lower bladder may reduce the need for CIC by maintaining upper bladder function. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an unapproved alternative 10‐injection‐site paradigm targeting the lower bladder.MethodsIn this phase 4, double‐blind, parallel‐group study, patients with OAB and urinary incontinence (UI) for ≥6 months with ≥3 episodes of urinary urgency incontinence (no more than 1 UI‐free day) and ≥8 micturitions per day over 3 days during screening were randomized 2:1 to onabotulinumtoxinA 100 U or placebo injected at 10 sites in the lower bladder.ResultsOf 120 patients, 78 in the onabotulinumtoxinA group and 39 in the placebo group had efficacy assessments. In the double‐blind phase, mean change from baseline at week 12 in daily frequency of UI episodes was greater with onabotulinumtoxinA (−2.9) versus placebo (−0.3) (least squares mean difference [LSMD]: −2.99, p < 0.0001). Achievement of 100% (odds ratio [OR]: 6.15 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.75–50.37]), ≥75% (OR: 7.25 [2.00–26.29]), and ≥50% improvement (OR: 4.79 [1.87–12.28]) from baseline in UI episodes was greater with onabotulinumtoxinA versus placebo. Reductions from baseline in the daily average number of micturitions (LSMD: −2.24, p < 0.0001), nocturia (LSMD: −0.71, p = 0.0004), and urgency (LSMD: −2.56, p < 0.0001) were greater with onabotulinumtoxinA than with placebo. Treatment benefit was improved or greatly improved in the onabotulinumtoxinA group (74.0% of patients) versus placebo (17.6%) (OR: 13.03 [95% CI: 3.23–52.57]). Mean change from baseline in Incontinence Quality of Life score was greater with onabotulinumtoxinA versus placebo (LSMD: 24.2, p = 0.0012). Two of 78 (2.6%) patients in the onabotulinumtoxinA group used CIC during the double‐blind period; no females used CIC during the double‐blind period. Commonly reported adverse events (≥5%) were urinary tract infection (UTI), dysuria, and productive cough for both groups; rate of UTI was higher with onabotulinumtoxinA versus placebo.ConclusionIn patients treated with onabotulinumtoxinA for OAB with UI, an unapproved alternative injection paradigm targeting the lower bladder demonstrated efficacy over placebo, with a low incidence of CIC.