bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological and Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Cerebellum in Porcupine and Guinea Pig
Authors: Goodarzi Nader , Nowrozi Masoumeh , Baharan Omid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate the cerebellum histology and immunohistochemistry in porcupine (Hystrix cristata) and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Two adult porcupines and two adult guinea pigs were used. For general histology, crystal violet and Luxol fast blue stains were applied. For immunohistochemistry, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), neurofilament 200 (NF200), calbindin D-28K, and glial fibrillary-associated protein (GFAP) were investigated. The cerebellar cortex in both species was composed of three cellular layers: molecular, granular, and Purkinje cell (PC) layers. Purkinje cells in the porcupine showed a purple-colored and dark blue-colored cytoplasm in reaction to the crystal violet and Luxol fast blue staining, respectively. In the guinea pig, PC has a uniform reaction to the Luxol fast blue with dark-blue–colored cytoplasm. However, in response to the crystal violet, some PC with dark-purple cytoplasm showed stronger reaction than other PC which showed light-purple cytoplasm. The PC layer in some folia of the porcupine cerebellum was composed of 2–3 layers. The expression rates of calbindin D-28K, MAG, GFAP, and NF200 in the porcupine cerebellum were determined to be 19%, 42.5%, 62%, and 30%, respectively. These values were determined to be 27%, 34%, 43.5%, and 31.5%, respectively, in the guinea pig cerebellum.
The clumpy structure of ϵ Eridani’s debris disc revisited by ALMA
Authors: Booth Mark , Pearce Tim D , Krivov Alexander V , Wyatt Mark C , Dent William R F , Hales Antonio S , Lestrade Jean-François , Cruz-Sáenz de Miera Fernando , Faramaz Virginie C , Löhne Torsten , Chavez-Dagostino Miguel 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
ϵ Eridani is the closest star to our Sun known to host a debris disc. Prior observations in the (sub-)millimetre regime have potentially detected clumpy structure in the disc and attributed this to interactions with an (as yet) undetected planet. However, the prior observations were unable to distinguish between structure in the disc and background confusion. Here, we present the first ALMA image of the entire disc, which has a resolution of 1.6 × 1.2 arcsec2. We clearly detect the star, the main belt, and two-point sources. The resolution and sensitivity of this data allow us to clearly distinguish background galaxies (that show up as point sources) from the disc emission. We show that the two-point sources are consistent with background galaxies. After taking account of these, we find that resolved residuals are still present in the main belt, including two clumps with a &gt;3σ significance – one to the east of the star and the other to the north-west. We perform N-body simulations to demonstrate that a migrating planet can form structures similar to those observed by trapping planetesimals in resonances. We find that the observed features can be reproduced by a migrating planet trapping planetesimals in the 2:1 mean motion resonance and the symmetry of the most prominent clumps means that the planet should have a position angle of either ∼10° or ∼190°. Observations over multiple epochs are necessary to test whether the observed features rotate around the star.
Forecasting the precipitable water vapour along lines of sight in the Chajnantor region from a WRF simulation
Authors: Marín Julio C , Ortiz Felipe , Curé Michel 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe water vapour in the atmosphere is the main factor affecting ground-based astronomical observations at IR and submillimetre/millimetre wavelengths. Precipitable water vapour (PWV) forecasts over astronomical sites are usually provided at the zenith. However, better observational scheduling could be carried out if PWV forecasts were provided along lines of sight from an observing position. In this study, we implemented a methodology to provide PWV forecasts along all lines of sight at the APEX observatory from a regional numerical weather model. Results show that the best observing conditions are located between -10° and 150° of azimuth, from the zenith to 50° elevation and approximately between 00 and 10 LT (4 and 14 UTC). The Chajnantor region shows a large homogeneity over the sky during each observing time, with half the time showing standard deviation (SD) values below 0.26 mm and less than 15 per cent of the time showing SD values larger than 0.5 mm, when considering all azimuth and elevation angles from the zenith to 15° elevation. The PWV along lines of sight over this region may differ from the PWV calculated at the zenith. Thus, PWV forecasts along lines of sight should be better used in everyday operations at observatories rather than regular PWV visualizations at the zenith. This will allow better observational planning in specific directions, depending on the objects that want to be observed. In addition, site testing studies can be benefited from using this numerical methodology when searching the best sites for IR and submillimetre/millimetre observations.
The most luminous, merger-free AGNs show only marginal correlation with bar presence
Authors: Garland Izzy L , Fahey Matthew J , Simmons Brooke D , Smethurst Rebecca J , Lintott Chris J , Shanahan Jesse , Silcock Maddie S , Smith Joshua , Keel William C , Coil Alison , Géron Tobias , Kruk Sandor , Masters Karen L , O’Ryan David , Thorne Matthew R , Wiersema Klaas 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The role of large-scale bars in the fuelling of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still debated, even as evidence mounts that black hole growth in the absence of galaxy mergers cumulatively dominates and may substantially influence disc (i.e. merger-free) galaxy evolution. We investigate whether large-scale galactic bars are a good candidate for merger-free AGN fuelling. Specifically, we combine slit spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope imagery to characterize star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses of the unambiguously disc-dominated host galaxies of a sample of luminous, Type-1 AGN with 0.02 &lt; z &lt; 0.24. After carefully correcting for AGN signal, we find no clear difference in SFRs between AGN hosts and a stellar mass-matched sample of galaxies lacking an AGN (0.013 &lt; z &lt; 0.19), although this could be due to small sample size (nAGN = 34). We correct for SFR and stellar mass to minimize selection biases, and compare the bar fraction in the two samples. We find that AGNs are marginally (∼1.7σ) more likely to host a bar than inactive galaxies, with AGN hosts having a bar fraction, $f_{\mathrm{bar}}=0.59^{+0.08}_{-0.09}$ and inactive galaxies having a bar fraction, $f_{\mathrm{bar}}=0.44^{+0.08}_{-0.09}$. However, we find no further differences between SFR- and mass-matched AGNs and inactive samples. While bars could potentially trigger AGN activity, they appear to have no further, unique effect on a galaxy’s stellar mass or SFR.
Gravitational radiation from thermal mountains on accreting neutron stars: sources of temperature non-axisymmetry
Authors: Hutchins T J , Jones D I 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The spin distribution of accreting neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binary systems shows a concentration of pulsars well below the Keplerian break-up limit. It has been suggested that their spin frequencies may be limited by the emission of gravitational waves, due to the presence of large-scale asymmetries in the internal temperature profile of the star. These temperature asymmetries have been demonstrated to lead to a non-axisymmetric mass distribution, or ‘mountain’, that generates gravitational waves at twice the spin frequency. The presence of a toroidal magnetic field in the interior of accreting neutron stars has been shown to introduce such anisotropies in the star’s thermal conductivity, by restricting the flow of heat orthogonal to the magnetic field and establishing a non-axisymmetric temperature distribution within the star. We revisit this mechanism, extending the computational domain from (only) the crust to the entire star, incorporating more realistic microphysics, and exploring different choices of outer boundary condition. By allowing a magnetic field to permeate the core of the neutron star, we find that the likely level of temperature asymmetry in the inner crust (ρ ∼ 1013 g cm−3) can be up to 3 orders of magnitude greater than the previous estimate, improving prospects for one day detecting continuous gravitational radiation. We also show that temperature asymmetries sufficiently large to be interesting for gravitational wave emission can be generated in strongly accreting neutron stars if crustal magnetic fields can reach ∼1012 G.
Oocytes can repair DNA damage during meiosis via a microtubule-dependent recruitment of CIP2A–MDC1–TOPBP1 complex from spindle pole to chromosomes
Authors: Leem Jiyeon , Kim Jae-Sung , Oh Jeong Su 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBecause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) greatly threaten genomic integrity, effective DNA damage sensing and repair are essential for cellular survival in all organisms. However, DSB repair mainly occurs during interphase and is repressed during mitosis. Here, we show that, unlike mitotic cells, oocytes can repair DSBs during meiosis I through microtubule-dependent chromosomal recruitment of the CIP2A–MDC1–TOPBP1 complex from spindle poles. After DSB induction, we observed spindle shrinkage and stabilization, as well as BRCA1 and 53BP1 recruitment to chromosomes and subsequent DSB repair during meiosis I. Moreover, p-MDC1 and p-TOPBP1 were recruited from spindle poles to chromosomes in a CIP2A-dependent manner. This pole-to-chromosome relocation of the CIP2A–MDC1–TOPBP1 complex was impaired not only by depolymerizing microtubules but also by depleting CENP-A or HEC1, indicating that the kinetochore/centromere serves as a structural hub for microtubule-dependent transport of the CIP2A–MDC1–TOPBP1 complex. Mechanistically, DSB-induced CIP2A–MDC1–TOPBP1 relocation is regulated by PLK1 but not by ATM activity. Our data provide new insights into the critical crosstalk between chromosomes and spindle microtubules in response to DNA damage to maintain genomic stability during oocyte meiosis.
Structural basis for guide RNA selection by the RESC1–RESC2 complex
Authors: Dolce Luciano G , Nesterenko Yevheniia , Walther Leon , Weis Félix , Kowalinski Eva 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites, such as trypanosomes or leishmania, rely on RNA-templated RNA editing to mature mitochondrial cryptic pre-mRNAs into functional protein-coding transcripts. Processive pan-editing of multiple editing blocks within a single transcript is dependent on the 20-subunit RNA editing substrate binding complex (RESC) that serves as a platform to orchestrate the interactions between pre-mRNA, guide RNAs (gRNAs), the catalytic RNA editing complex (RECC), and a set of RNA helicases. Due to the lack of molecular structures and biochemical studies with purified components, neither the spacio-temporal interplay of these factors nor the selection mechanism for the different RNA components is understood. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of Trypanosoma brucei RESC1–RESC2, a central hub module of the RESC complex. The structure reveals that RESC1 and RESC2 form an obligatory domain-swapped dimer. Although the tertiary structures of both subunits closely resemble each other, only RESC2 selectively binds 5′-triphosphate-nucleosides, a defining characteristic of gRNAs. We therefore propose RESC2 as the protective 5′-end binding site for gRNAs within the RESC complex. Overall, our structure provides a starting point for the study of the assembly and function of larger RNA-bound kinetoplast RNA editing modules and might aid in the design of anti-parasite drugs.
Investigating RNA–RNA interactions through computational and biophysical analysis
Authors: Mrozowich Tyler , Park Sean M , Waldl Maria , Henrickson Amy , Tersteeg Scott , Nelson Corey R , De Klerk Anneke , Demeler Borries , Hofacker Ivo L , Wolfinger Michael T , Patel Trushar R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Numerous viruses utilize essential long-range RNA–RNA genome interactions, specifically flaviviruses. Using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a model system, we computationally predicted and then biophysically validated and characterized its long-range RNA–RNA genomic interaction. Using multiple RNA computation assessment programs, we determine the primary RNA–RNA interacting site among JEV isolates and numerous related viruses. Following in vitro transcription of RNA, we provide, for the first time, characterization of an RNA–RNA interaction using size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. Next, we demonstrate that the 5′ and 3′ terminal regions of JEV interact with nM affinity using microscale thermophoresis, and this affinity is significantly reduced when the conserved cyclization sequence is not present. Furthermore, we perform computational kinetic analyses validating the cyclization sequence as the primary driver of this RNA–RNA interaction. Finally, we examined the 3D structure of the interaction using small-angle X-ray scattering, revealing a flexible yet stable interaction. This pathway can be adapted and utilized to study various viral and human long-non-coding RNA–RNA interactions and determine their binding affinities, a critical pharmacological property of designing potential therapeutics.
POSTRE: a tool to predict the pathological effects of human structural variants
Authors: Sánchez-Gaya Víctor , Rada-Iglesias Alvaro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding the pathological impact of non-coding genetic variation is a major challenge in medical genetics. Accumulating evidences indicate that a significant fraction of genetic alterations, including structural variants (SVs), can cause human disease by altering the function of non-coding regulatory elements, such as enhancers. In the case of SVs, described pathomechanisms include changes in enhancer dosage and long-range enhancer-gene communication. However, there is still a clear gap between the need to predict and interpret the medical impact of non-coding variants, and the existence of tools to properly perform these tasks. To reduce this gap, we have developed POSTRE (Prediction Of STRuctural variant Effects), a computational tool to predict the pathogenicity of SVs implicated in a broad range of human congenital disorders. By considering disease-relevant cellular contexts, POSTRE identifies SVs with either coding or long-range pathological consequences with high specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, POSTRE not only identifies pathogenic SVs, but also predicts the disease-causative genes and the underlying pathological mechanism (e.g, gene deletion, enhancer disconnection, enhancer adoption, etc.). POSTRE is available at https://github.com/vicsanga/Postre.
Risk management under climate change and its implication on technical efficiency: Evidence from Senegal
Authors: Collins-Sowah Peron A , Adjin Kougblenou C , Henning Christian H C A , Kanu Edmond A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing empirical data from a nationally representative farm household survey in Senegal, this study evaluated the impact of different risk management strategies employed by farm households on technical efficiency (TE). The findings of the study suggest that risk management has implications for TE. We find that the use of ex-post risk management strategies is associated with relatively higher technical efficiencies with respect to the meta-frontier compared to other risk management strategies. Households employing only ex-ante risk management strategies were observed to be the least technically efficient in comparison to households employing other risk management strategies. The findings also suggest that managing production risks using multiple strategies does not necessarily result in the highest TE gain compared to the use of single strategies. The findings underscore the need to evaluate the trade-offs and likely consequences of risk management approaches used by farm households to provide countermeasures to deal with any adverse related effects.
Multifunctional LPxTG‐motif surface protein derived from Limosilactobacillus reuteri SH 23 in DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis of mice
Authors: Zong Manli , Chang Chun , Anjum Rameesha , Xu Hai , Guo Yuxing , Pan Daodong , Wu Zhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLactobacillus species is one of the most commonly used probiotics with a wide range of health‐promoting effects, and beneficial effects of the surface protein of the lactobacillus could potentially be involved in the action of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, the anti‐inflammatory effect of LPxTG‐motif surface protein (LMP) derived from Limosilactobacillus reuteri SH 23 was assessed using a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The results showed that LMP has the inhibition properties upon the DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis of mice via the MAPK‐dependent NF‐κB pathway. The inflammatory factors TNF‐α and IL‐6 were inhibited, and the IL‐10 secretion was enhanced in the LMP‐treated DSS mice model. Furthermore, the diversity of the intestinal microbiota bacteria in this treated group was also influenced, including the increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia genus in the LMP‐treated mice groups, and there is a positive correlation between the IL‐10 cytokines with the changes in the intestinal microbiota Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. Therefore, LMP derived from the Limosilactobacillus reuteri SH 23 has the potential to alleviate inflammatory diseases through the balance of the intestinal flora with the inhibition of the inflammatory factors in the NF‐κB pathway.
Outcomes of Growth-friendly Instrumentation in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Badin Daniel , Mun Frederick , Akbarnia Behrooz A. , Perez-Grueso Francisco , Sponseller Paul D. ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: March 2023

Background:
There is limited literature on the outcomes in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) undergoing growth-friendly instrumentation (GFI). The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of GFI in patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS) and OI. We hypothesized that similar trunk elongation could be obtained in OI patients, but with higher complication rates.

Methods:
A multicenter database was studied for patients with EOS and OI etiology who had GFI from 2005 to 2020, with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Demographic, radiographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes data were collected and compared with an idiopathic EOS cohort matched 2:1 for age, follow-up duration, and curve magnitude.

Results:
Fifteen OI patients underwent GFI at a mean age of 7.3±3.0 years, with an average follow-up of 7.3±3.9 years. OI patients had a mean preoperative coronal curve of 78.1±14.5 and achieved 35% correction after index surgery. There were no differences in major coronal curves and coronal percent correction between the OI and idiopathic groups at all time points. T1-S1 length (cm) was lower for the OI group at baseline (23.3±4.6 vs. 27.7±7.0; P=0.028) but both groups had similar growth (mm) per month (1.0±0.6 vs. 1.2±1.1; P=0.491). OI patients had a significantly increased risk of proximal anchor failure, which occurred in 8 OI patients (53%) versus 6 idiopathic patients (20%) (P=0.039). OI patients who underwent preoperative halo-traction (N=4) had greater T1-S1 length gain (11.8±3.2 vs. 7.3±2.8; P=0.022) and greater percent major coronal curve correction (45±11 vs. 23±17; P=0.042) at final follow-up versus patients with no halo-traction (N=11). Staged foundation fusion was performed in 2 cases.

Conclusion:
Compared with matched idiopathic EOS patients, OI patients undergoing GFI achieved similar radiographic outcomes but sustained greater rates of anchor failures, likely due to weakened bone. Preoperative halo-traction was a useful adjunct and may improve final correction. Staged foundation fusion is an idea to consider for difficult cases.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic—III
Cellulite: Clinical Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Shridharani Sachin M. , Moradi Amir , Khalifian Saami , LaTowsky Brenda , Petraki Chrysi , Bass Lawrence S. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Existing cellulite interventions pose various clinical challenges related mostly to ecchymosis and recovery time.

OBJECTIVE
To discuss the current treatment options for minimizing recovery time, efficacy of these options, and investigations into possible future approaches.

METHODS
A roundtable meeting was convened to discuss and share views on the clinical challenges seen in the present practice of cellulite treatments along with future approaches and mitigation strategies. The participants' views helped guide a narrative review on this topic.

RESULTS
Cosmetic clinicians have a range of new interventions to choose from for cellulite improvement, each with different benefits and safety aspects. Bruising is a typical side effect that is seen with treatments targeting the fibrous septa, such as subcision and injectable treatments, and in some cases may produce long-lasting hyperpigmentation from postinflammatory hyperpigmentation or hemosiderin staining. Various strategies that could potentially mitigate bruising and other adverse effects of cellulite treatment are under clinical investigation, including, but not limited to, different injection techniques and dilutions, compression garments, cold packs, arnica gel, pulsed dye laser treatment, intralesional epinephrine, and tranexamic acid.

CONCLUSION
Clinical challenges including varying treatment outcomes and certain treatment sequelae remain, and further research is needed to prevent side effects and improve treatment outcomes.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer: A case report
Authors: An Gaili , He Xin Cheng , Bai Jun , Wang Jianhua 
Published: March 2023

Rationale:
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies globally, and its occurrence and development are associated with genetic, dietary, biological, and immune factors. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC), as a special subtype of GC, has become a research hotspot in recent years. In patients with advanced GC, Epstein-Barr virus infection is closely related to lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion, and poor prognosis. There is great clinical need for a new treatment modality for EBVaGC. Advances in molecular biology and cancer genetics have led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); patients treated with ICIs experience clinical benefit and few adverse effects.

Patient concerns and Diagnoses:
We report a 31-year-old male with advanced EBVaGC and multiple sites of lymph node metastasis who was intolerant to multiple lines of chemotherapy.

Interventions and outcome:
After immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, both primary and metastatic tumors shrank significantly without noticeable adverse reactions. After 21 months of progression-free status, the patient underwent R0 resection.

Lessons:
This case report provides evidence for the use of ICIs in treating EBVaGC. It also shows that detection of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA may be a prognostic factor in gastric cancer.