bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined threats of climate change and contaminant exposure through the lens of bioenergetics
Authors: Grunst Melissa L. , Grunst Andrea S. , Grémillet David , Fort Jérôme 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOrganisms face energetic challenges of climate change in combination with suites of natural and anthropogenic stressors. In particular, chemical contaminant exposure has neurotoxic, endocrine‐disrupting, and behavioral effects which may additively or interactively combine with challenges associated with climate change. We used a literature review across animal taxa and contaminant classes, but focused on Arctic endotherms and contaminants important in Arctic ecosystems, to demonstrate potential for interactive effects across five bioenergetic domains: (1) energy supply, (2) energy demand, (3) energy storage, (4) energy allocation tradeoffs, and (5) energy management strategies; and involving four climate change‐sensitive environmental stressors: changes in resource availability, temperature, predation risk, and parasitism. Identified examples included relatively equal numbers of synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Synergies are often suggested to be particularly problematic, since they magnify biological effects. However, we emphasize that antagonistic effects on bioenergetic traits can be equally problematic, since they can reflect dampening of beneficial responses and result in negative synergistic effects on fitness. Our review also highlights that empirical demonstrations remain limited, especially in endotherms. Elucidating the nature of climate change‐by‐contaminant interactive effects on bioenergetic traits will build toward determining overall outcomes for energy balance and fitness. Progressing to determine critical species, life stages, and target areas in which transformative effects arise will aid in forecasting broad‐scale bioenergetic outcomes under global change scenarios.
A phase 3b, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study of roxadustat (ASPEN): Operational learnings within United States dialysis organizations
Authors: Fishbane Steven , Vishnepolsky Mark , Oluwatosin Yemmie , Nolen Jacqueline , Zhu Lixia , Cooper Kerry , Young Amy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionRoxadustat is an oral hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor approved in several regions for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). ASPEN evaluated the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of roxadustat in patients with anemia of CKD in US dialysis organizations.MethodsThis open‐label, single‐arm study (NCT04484857) comprised a 6‐week screening period, followed by 24 weeks of treatment (with optional extension ≤1 year) and a 4‐week follow‐up. Patients aged ≥18 years, receiving chronic dialysis, with hemoglobin (Hb) 9.0–12.0 g/dL if converting from erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs), or <10.0 g/dL if receiving ESAs for <6 weeks, received oral roxadustat three times weekly in‐center. Primary efficacy endpoints included proportion of patients with mean Hb ≥10 g/dL, averaged over weeks 16–24, and mean Hb change from baseline to the average over weeks 16–24. Safety was also assessed.FindingsOverall, 283 patients were enrolled and treated, 282 (99.6%) were included in the full analysis set, and 216 (76.3%) continued into the extension period. Most patients enrolled were from DaVita sites (71%), with the rest from US Renal Care sites (29%). Mean (standard deviation [SD]) baseline Hb was 10.6 (0.7) g/dL. Nearly all patients were prior ESA users (n = 274; 97.2%). The proportion of patients with mean Hb ≥10 g/dL during weeks 16–24 was 83.7% (95% confidence interval 78.9–88.6). Mean (SD) Hb increase from baseline to the average over weeks 16–24 was 0.2 (1.0) g/dL. During the treatment period, 82 (29.0%) patients reported treatment‐emergent serious adverse events (TESAEs). The most common TESAEs were COVID‐19 pneumonia (n = 10; 3.5%), acute respiratory failure (n = 9; 3.2%), COVID‐19 (n = 7; 2.5%), acute myocardial infarction (n = 7; 2.5%), and fluid overload (n = 6, 2.1%).DiscussionRoxadustat was effective in maintaining Hb in patients with anemia of CKD on dialysis in large, community‐based dialysis organizations.
Towards a partnership of teachers and intelligent learning technology: A systematic literature review of model‐based learning analytics
Authors: Ley Tobias , Tammets Kairit , Pishtari Gerti , Chejara Pankaj , Kasepalu Reet , Khalil Mohammad , Saar Merike , Tuvi Iiris , Väljataga Terje , Wasson Barbara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith increased use of artificial intelligence in the classroom, there is now a need to better understand the complementarity of intelligent learning technology and teachers to produce effective instruction.ObjectiveThe paper reviews the current research on intelligent learning technology designed to make models of student learning and instruction transparent to teachers, an area we call model‐based learning analytics. We intended to gain an insight into the coupling between the knowledge models that underpin the intelligent system and the knowledge used by teachers in their classroom decision making.MethodsUsing a systematic literature review methodology, we first identified 42 papers, mainly from the domain of intelligent tutoring systems and learning analytics dashboards that conformed to our selection criteria. We then qualitatively analysed the context in which the systems were applied, models they used and benefits reported for teachers and learners.Results and ConclusionsA majority of papers used either domain or learner models, suggesting that instructional decisions are mostly left to teachers. Compared to previous reviews, our set of papers appeared to have a stronger focus on providing teachers with theory‐driven insights and instructional decisions. This suggests that model‐based learning analytics can address some of the shortcomings of the field, like meaningfulness and actionability of learning analytics tools. However, impact in the classroom still needs further research, as in half of the cases the reported benefits were not backed with evidence. Future research should focus on the dynamic interaction between teachers and technology and how learning analytics has an impact on learning and decision making by teachers and students. We offer a taxonomy of knowledge models that can serve as a starting point for designing such interaction.
Driving predictors in a cohort of cognitively impaired Mexican American and non‐Hispanic White individuals
Authors: Malvitz Madelyn , Zahuranec Darin B. , Chang Wen , Heeringa Steven G. , Briceño Emily M. , Mehdipanah Roshanak , Gonzales Xavier F. , Levine Deborah A. , Langa Kenneth M. , Garcia Nelda , Morgenstern Lewis B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease‐related dementias may lose the ability to drive safely as their disease progresses. Little is known about driving prevalence in older Latinx and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. We investigated the prevalence of driving status among individuals with cognitive impairment in a population‐based cohort.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analysis of the cohort BASIC‐Cognitive study in a community of Mexican American (MA) and NHW individuals in South Texas. Participants scored ≤25 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), indicating a likelihood of cognitive impairment. Current driving status was assessed by the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol informant interview. Logistic regression was used to assess driving versus non‐driving adjusted for pre‐specified covariates. Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare NHW and MA differences in driving outcomes from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) questions for evaluating driving risk in dementia.ResultsThere were 635 participants, 77.0 mean age, 62.4% women, and 17.3 mean MoCA. Of these, 360 (61.4%) were current drivers with 250 of 411 (60.8%) MA participants driving, and 121 of 190 (63.70%) NHW participants driving (p = 0.50). In fully adjusted models age, sex, cognitive impairment, language preference, and Activities of Daily Living scores were significant predictors for the likelihood of driving (p < 0.0001). Severity of cognitive impairment was inversely associated with odds of driving, but this relationship was not found in those preferring Spanish language for interviews. Around one‐third of all caregivers had concerns about their care‐recipient driving. There were no significant differences in MA and NHW driving habits and outcomes from the AAN questionnaire.ConclusionsThe majority of participants with cognitive impairment were currently driving. This is a cause for concern for many caregivers. There were no significant ethnic driving differences. Associations with current driving in cognitively impaired persons require further research.
Prediction of obstructive sleep apnoea in children and adolescents with Down syndrome
Authors: Wijayaratne P. R. , Williams K. , Davey M. J. , Horne R. S. C. , Nixon G. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Clinical guidelines recommend that all children with DS have polysomnography (PSG) for assessment of OSA by the age of 4 years, but access is limited and testing may be burdensome for children and families.MethodsThe purpose of this prospective cross‐sectional cohort study was to identify a model to predict OSA in this group that could be tested in an external population to triage children and adolescents with DS for PSG. These models were based on a comprehensive set of potential predictive demographic, anthropometric, quality of life and sleep‐related variables.ResultsThe results of this study show the predictive power of a model based on the sleep disordered breathing subscale of the Pediatric Sleep Survey Instrument and sleep fragmentation quantified using actigraphy in determining moderate–severe OSA in children and adolescents with DS. This model exhibits high sensitivity (82%), specificity (80%), positive predictive value (75%) and negative predictive value (86%).ConclusionsWe demonstrate the utility of a tool containing the sleep disordered breathing subscale of the Pediatric Sleep Survey Instrument and sleep fragmentation quantified using actigraphy in identifying children and adolescents with DS who have moderate/severe OSA.
Geographic variation in HCV treatment penetration among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, MD
Authors: Coyle Catelyn R. , Desjardins Michael R. , Curriero Frank C. , Rudolph Jacqueline , Astemborski Jacquie , Falade‐Nwulia Oluwaseun , Kirk Gregory D. , Thomas David L. , Mehta Shruti H. , Genberg Becky L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe evaluated geographic heterogeneity in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment penetration among people who inject drug (PWID) across Baltimore, MD since the advent of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) using space–time clusters of HCV viraemia. Using data from a community‐based cohort of PWID, the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study, we identified space–time clusters with higher‐than‐expected rates of HCV viraemia between 2015 and 2019 using scan statistics. We used Poisson regression to identify covariates associated with HCV viraemia and used the regression‐fitted values to detect adjusted space–time clusters of HCV viraemia in Baltimore city. Overall, in the cohort, HCV viraemia fell from 77% in 2015 to 64%, 49%, 39% and 36% from 2016 to 2019. In Baltimore city, the percentage of census tracts where prevalence of HCV viraemia was ≥85% dropped from 57% to 34%, 25%, 22% and 10% from 2015 to 2019. We identified two clusters of higher‐than‐expected HCV viraemia in the unadjusted analysis that lasted from 2015 to 2017 in East and West Baltimore and one adjusted cluster of HCV viraemia in West Baltimore from 2015 to 2016. Neither differences in age, sex, race, HIV status, nor neighbourhood deprivation were able to explain the significant space–time clusters. However, residing in a cluster with higher‐than‐expected viraemia was associated with age, sex, educational attainment and higher levels of neighbourhood deprivation. Nearly 4 years after DAAs became available, HCV treatment has penetrated all PWID communities across Baltimore city. While nearly all census tracts experienced improvements, change was more gradual in areas with higher levels of poverty.
Right atrial thrombus formation in a dog after successful electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Karn Marta , Potter Brianna M. , Scansen Brian A. , Boon June A. , Szatmári Viktor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRight atrial masses in dogs are commonly diagnosed as malignant tumors. This report describes a dog with a right atrial mass that appeared after successful electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and resolved with antithrombotic treatment. A 9‐year‐old mastiff was presented for acute vomiting, and occasional cough of several weeks' duration. Ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations of the abdomen and chest identified mechanical ileus, as well as pleural effusion and pulmonary edema, respectively. Echocardiography indicated a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. During anesthetic induction for laparotomy, atrial fibrillation developed. Electrical cardioversion successfully restored sinus rhythm. An echocardiogram performed 2 weeks later disclosed a right atrial mass, which had not been apparent before cardioversion. Repeat echocardiography after 2 months of clopidogrel and enoxaparin treatment failed to detect the mass. Intra‐atrial thrombus formation is possible after successful cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for echocardiographically detected atrial masses.
Do honey badgers and greater honeyguide birds cooperate to access bees' nests? Ecological evidence and honey‐hunter accounts
Authors: van der Wal J. E. M. , Afan A. I. , Anyawire M. , Begg C. M. , Begg K. S. , Dabo G. A. , Gedi I. I. , Harris J. A. , Isack H. A. , Ibrahim J. I. , Jamie G. A. , Kamboe W.‐B. W. , Kilawi A. O. , Kingston A. , Laltaika E. A. , Lloyd‐Jones D. J. , M'manga G. M. , Muhammad N. Z. , Ngcamphalala C. A. , Nhlabatsi S. O. , Oleleteyo T. T. , Sanda M. , Tsamkxao L. , Wood B. M. , Spottiswoode C. N. , Cram D. L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn parts of Africa, greater honeyguides (Indicator indicator) lead people to bees' nests, after which people harvest the honey, and make beeswax and larvae accessible to the honeyguide. In scientific and popular literature, a similar cooperative relationship is frequently described between honeyguides and honey badgers (Mellivora capensis), yet the evidence that this occurs is unclear. Such a partnership may have implications for the origins of our own species' cooperation with honeyguides and for the ecology and conservation of both honey badgers and honeyguides. Here, we review the evidence that honey badgers and honeyguides cooperate to access bees' nests, drawing from the published literature, from our own observations whilst studying both species, and by conducting 394 interviews with honey‐hunters in 11 communities across nine African countries. We find that the scientific evidence relies on incomplete and second‐hand accounts and does not convincingly indicate that the two species cooperate. The majority of honey‐hunters we interviewed were similarly doubtful about the interaction, but many interviewees in the Hadzabe, Maasai, and mixed culture communities in Tanzania reported having seen honey badgers and honeyguides interact, and think that they do cooperate. This complementary approach suggests that the most likely scenario is that the interaction does occur but is highly localized or extremely difficult to observe, or both. With substantial uncertainty remaining, we outline empirical studies that would clarify whether and where honeyguides and honey badgers cooperate, and emphasize the value of integrating scientific and cultural knowledge in ecology.
Ursodeoxycholic acid administration did not reduce susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children
Authors: Liu Teng , Wang Jian‐She 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsA recent study suggested that administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at dosages usually employed clinically may reduce rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. A recent surge of SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron infection in China allowed study of whether UDCA administration reduced susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children with liver disease.MethodsThrough WeChat groups, a questionnaire was distributed to families (n = 300) in which a child had been admitted to our liver service in the past 5 years. Among the families/households in which someone was infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, the proportion in which a child taking UDCA was infected was compared with the proportion in which a child not taking UDCA was infected.ResultsOf the 300 questionnaire answers, 280 (93.3%) were valid. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was confirmed in 226 families (80.7%): 146 children were taking UDCA (10‐20 mg/kg/day) and 80 children were not taking UDCA. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was confirmed in 95 children taking UDCA (65.1%) and in 51 children not taking UDCA (63.8%) (p = 0.843); SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was suspected in 23 children taking UDCA (15.8%) and in 11 children not taking UDCA (13.8%) (p = 0.687).ConclusionsThese results indicate that UDCA administration does not reduce susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children with liver disease.
Correctional health care and Australian prisoners as recipients of kidney transplants: Legal and ethical issues
Authors: Panaccio Danielle , Ierino Francesco , Goodman David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThis research aims to examine the legal and ethical issues surrounding Australia prisoners as potential kidney transplant recipients.MethodsExamination of relevant statutory and common law including human rights law, state and territory corrections legislation and negligence law. Ethical principles considered, particularly in regards to practical and logistical considerations including adequate delivery of transplantation medical care and implications on the broader organ donation program. Approaches in the United States of America and United Kingdom are compared with the Australian approach.ResultsPrisoners are more likely than non‐incarcerated individuals to have chronic medical conditions. For most people with kidney failure, kidney transplantation improves both quality of life and life expectancy compared with dialysis therapy. Prisoners have a right to access reasonable medical care under state‐based corrections legislation, which is underpinned by human rights law and ethical principles, primarily beneficence, transparency and justice. The right of prisoners to receive reasonable medical care likely extends to ensuring prisoners with kidney failure are considered for kidney transplantation and waitlisted if medically appropriate. Social factors and logistical factors can be relevant when considering eligibility for transplantation as they can relate to a person's ability to comply with medical therapy. Additionally, organ allocation decisions can be emotive, and a decision to offer a kidney transplant to a prisoner may generate significant negative publicity.ConclusionPrisoners with kidney failure should be considered for kidney transplantation. Logistical barriers, such as guard availability, should be addressed by state departments responsible for prisoner health.
A retrospective analysis of frailty status on atrial fibrillation catheter ablation outcomes
Authors: Dulai Rajdip , Uy Christopher Patrick , Sulke Neil , Patel Nikhil , Veasey Rick A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) reduces symptoms and improves the quality of life compared with medical treatment. It is unclear if frailty impacts on the outcome of catheter ablation in patients with symptomatic AF. We sought to evaluate the association between frailty as measured by the validated NHS electronic Frailty Index (eFI) and outcomes post‐AF ablation.MethodsTwo hundred forty eight patients who had undergone AF ablation with a mean age of 72.9 ± 5.16 were included in the study retrospectively. The primary endpoint for success was defined as freedom from atrial arrhythmia lasting >30 s beyond the 3‐month blanking periods. Frailty was based on the eFI, and the cohort split into four groups: fit (no frailty), mild, moderate and severe frailty.ResultsFrailty was categorized as fit (118/248; 47.6%), mild (66/248; 26.6%), moderate (54/248; 21.8%), and severe (10/248; 4.0%). Freedom from arrhythmia occurred in 167 of 248 (67.3%) patients after a mean follow‐up of 25.8 +/– 17.3 months. Fit patients had significantly greater freedom from arrhythmia (92/118; 78%) compared to mild frailty (40/66; 60.6%, p‐value = .020), moderate frailty (31/54; 57.4%, p‐value = .006), or severe frailty (4/10; 40.0%, p‐value < .001). There was also a significant difference in arrhythmia occurrence between patients with mild frailty and severe frailty (p‐value = .044).ConclusionFrailty is associated with poorer outcomes in patients undergoing AF ablation. The eFI may be used in the prognostic evaluation of AF ablation outcomes. Further studies are essential to confirm the findings of this study.
Eye blinking, musical processing, and subjective states—A methods account
Authors: Lange Elke B. , Fink Lauren K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAffective sciences often make use of self‐reports to assess subjective states. Seeking a more implicit measure for states and emotions, our study explored spontaneous eye blinking during music listening. However, blinking is understudied in the context of research on subjective states. Therefore, a second goal was to explore different ways of analyzing blink activity recorded from infra‐red eye trackers, using two additional data sets from earlier studies differing in blinking and viewing instructions. We first replicate the effect of increased blink rates during music listening in comparison with silence and show that the effect is not related to changes in self‐reported valence, arousal, or to specific musical features. Interestingly, but in contrast, felt absorption reduced participants' blinking. The instruction to inhibit blinking did not change results. From a methodological perspective, we make suggestions about how to define blinks from data loss periods recorded by eye trackers and report a data‐driven outlier rejection procedure and its efficiency for subject‐mean analyses, as well as trial‐based analyses. We ran a variety of mixed effects models that differed in how trials without blinking were treated. The main results largely converged across accounts. The broad consistency of results across different experiments, outlier treatments, and statistical models demonstrates the reliability of the reported effects. As recordings of data loss periods come for free when interested in eye movements or pupillometry, we encourage researchers to pay attention to blink activity and contribute to the further understanding of the relation between blinking, subjective states, and cognitive processing.