bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Salmonellosis Among Infants in the United States: 1968–2015
Authors: Self Julie L. , Judd Michael C. , Huang Jennifer , Fields Patricia I. , Griffin Patricia M. , Wong Karen K. 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES
Describe characteristics of gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and meningitis caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella among US infants.

METHODS
We analyze national surveillance data during 1968–2015 and active, sentinel surveillance data during 1996–2015 for culture-confirmed Salmonella infections by syndrome, year, serotype, age, and race.

RESULTS
During 1968–2015, 190 627 culture-confirmed Salmonella infections among infants were reported, including 165 236 (86.7%) cases of gastroenteritis, 6767 (3.5%) bacteremia, 371 (0.2%) meningitis, and 18 253 (9.7%) with other or unknown specimen sources. Incidence increased during the late 1970s–1980s, declined during the 1990s–early 2000s, and has gradually increased since the mid-2000s. Infants’ median age was 4 months for gastroenteritis and bacteremia and 2 months for meningitis. The most frequently reported serotypes were Typhimurium (35 468; 22%) for gastroenteritis and Heidelberg for bacteremia (1954; 29%) and meningitis (65; 18%). During 1996–2015 in sentinel site surveillance, median annual incidence of gastroenteritis was 120, bacteremia 6.2, and meningitis 0.25 per 100 000 infants. Boys had a higher incidence of each syndrome than girls in both surveillance systems, but most differences were not statistically significant. Overall, hospitalization and fatality rates were 26% and 0.1% for gastroenteritis, 70% and 1.6% for bacteremia, and 96% and 4% for meningitis. During 2004–2015, invasive salmonellosis incidence was higher for Black (incident rate ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.6–2.8) and Asian (incident rate ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–1.8) than white infants.

CONCLUSIONS
Salmonellosis causes substantial infant morbidity and mortality; serotype heidelberg caused the most invasive infections. Infants with meningitis were younger than those with bacteremia or gastroenteritis. Research into risk factors for infection and invasive illness could inform prevention efforts.
Gamification in foreign language teaching: A conceptual introduction
Authors: Szabó Fruzsina , Kopinska Marta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the past few years, the concept of gamification has gained increased attention in foreign language teaching research as it demonstrates potential to promote motivation and learner engagement. The authors of the paper believe that gamification can become an innovative and promising tool to help students overcome their motivational difficulties. When it comes to language learning and teaching, one of the major issues to be tackled is the differences among students in terms of academic achievement. Applying gamification in the field of education profoundly supports the process of teaching and learning by creating a supportive environment, which is reinforcing and enables individual progress. One specific feature of gamification is that it breaks down learning into elements, similarly to motivation theory, where goals are not uncommonly divided into subgoals. It also includes applying the characteristics of games, and implementing these in real-world situations, while generating specific behaviours within the gamified situation. The most important benefit of using gamification in language teaching is that it provides differentiation. Learners can progress at their own pace, their assessment is individualised, their motivation is strongly influenced by their own skills and abilities that are reinforced by gamification itself. As the process of learning meets the individual’s needs, differentiation can be brought about. This paper highlights the most important outcomes of research into gamification in language learning, while exploring its underlying principles in the field of motivation.
Evaluation of the Functional Properties and Safety of Enterocin-producing Enterococcus faecium BT29.11 Isolated from Turkish Beyaz Cheese and its Inhibitory Activity against Listeria monocytogenes in UHT Whole Milk
Authors: Toplu Melike Seda , Tuncer Banu Özden 
Published: May 2023

The goal of this research was to evaluate the functional properties and safety of antilisterial Enterococcus faecium BT29.11 isolated from Turkish Beyaz cheese. E. faecium BT29.11 showed the highest inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. E. faecium BT29.11 was identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and genus- and species-specific PCR. The entA, entB, and entX structural genes were detected in E. faecium BT29.11. It was determined that the BT29.11 strain was a slow acid producer and did not show extracellular proteolytic and lipolytic activity. E. faecium BT29.11 demonstrated good probiotic properties. E. faecium BT29.11 was found to be ɣ-hemolytic, gelatinase-negative, and susceptible to clinically important antibiotics. Only ermC and acm were detected in the BT29.11 strain. E. faecium BT29.11 decreased the growth of L. monocytogenes in ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk. The findings of this research indicated that E. faecium BT29.11, an antilisterial strain, might be employed as a probiotic adjunct culture in fermented food products.
Aortic Isthmus Retrograde Blood Flow in Intrauterine Child as a Sign of the Terminal Stage of Placental Dysfunction: Clinical Observation
Authors: Normuradova Nodira M. 
Published: May 2023

Background. Aortic isthmus retrograde blood flow in intrauterine children with growth delay and centralization of blood circulation in the late stages of placental dysfunction is associated with a high risk of perinatal death. Timely diagnosis of such condition is crucial to select further obstetric tactics and delivery time. Clinical case description. Growth delay and absent end-diastolic flow in umbilical artery and no A-wave in the venous duct were diagnosed in intrauterine child (gestational age — 36 weeks) at ultrasound study. Peripheral resistance indices in middle cerebral artery in the intrauterine child were lower than peripheral resistance indices in umbilical artery. Color Doppler imaging has revealed aortic isthmus retrograde blood flow. The woman was recommended delivery due to critical circulatory disorder in the intrauterine child. Female child was delivered via Caesarean section, child’s weight — 890 g, APGAR score — 3/4. The newborn girl died due to multi-organ failure within the first day.Conclusion. Revealing the retrograde blood flow in intrauterine child in the aortic isthmus throughout the entire ventricular diastole is an unfavorable prognostic sign of the terminal stage of cerebral blood flow disturbance associated with placental dysfunction.
Infravesical Obstruction in a Boy with Orthotopic Ureterocele: Clinical Case
Authors: Bebenina Anastasia A. , Mokrushina Olga G. , Levitskaya Marina V. , Shumikhin Vasiliy S. , Erokhina Nadezhda N. 
Published: May 2023

Background. Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of the distal ureter. Orthotopic ureterocele is relatively rare form of this disease, and it is commonly diagnosed in female children. The clinical picture of orthotopic ureterocele is usually not significant, and the management variants are unclear. Clinical case description. Ultrasound has revealed dilatation in the distal part of the left ureter (up to 6.5 mm) and cyst formation (diameter of 8 mm, thick walls) in the bladder in 8-months-old boy. The retrograde voiding cystourethrogram has shown no signs of vesicoureteral reflux. The evaluation of the voiding rhythm was performed: the volume of residual urine was > 30%, it indicates the infravesical obstruction. The child underwent diagnostic cystourethroscopy, transurethral resection of the ureterocele, intubation ureteral catheter in the left ureter (all procedures was performed under general anesthesia). There were no enlargements of calices-pelvis system and ureters 12 months after surgery according to urinary system ultrasound. Clinical urine test with no inflammatory changes. Voiding rhythm was without pathology.Conclusion. The widespread implementation of high-tech and minimally invasive methods of diagnosis and management allow us to achieve timely detection and provide effective treatment for children with ureterocele.
Quality and availability of health care for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of sociological research
Authors: Glezer M. G. , Polyarnaya N. G. , Fomina T. A. , Vlasov Ya. V. , Babkova N. V. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. Based on the results of a sociological survey of patients, to assess quality and availability of health care for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 2020-2021 in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. In August-September 2021, 5159 patients with CVDs from 76 Russian regions were interviewed. Questionnaire (Google form) assessed the change in health care provision over the past two years, the availability of medicine provision, the prevalence and reasons for discontinuation of treatment, as well as the difficulties faced by patients.Results. Improvement in health care provision were assessed by 47,6% of the surveyed patients with CVD, worsening — by 16,6%, and 23,7% did not noted any changes. Improvements regarded diagnosis promptness (29%) and timeliness of treatment (28,5%), availability of subsidized medicines (25%) and better patient routing (21%). However, 37% of respondents did not see any improvements in health care system, or found it difficult to answer. The acute problem of access to diagnostics was considered by 24%, inaccessibility of subsidized medicines — by 17%. In addition, 24% of respondents had difficulties in obtaining specialized cardiology care in the polyclinic and 18% had difficulty in obtaining high-quality medical rehabilitation for CVD.Conclusion. In order to increase public satisfaction with the quality of care, public awareness on health maintenance and patients’ rights to receive care should be improved. In addition, possible barriers to obtaining health care should be eliminated, while consultative and diagnostic assistance and subsidized drug provision should be facilitated for receiving.
Atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease: main clinical characteristics of patients in selected subjects of the Russian Federation
Authors: Druzhilov M. A. , Kuznetsova T. Yu. , Druzhilova O. Yu. , Arustamova U. D. , Gavrilov D. V. , Gusev A. V. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. To compare clinical characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) depending on renal filtration function based on a retrospective analysis of data in individual subjects of the Russian Federation (RF).Material and methods. The information was taken from the Webiomed predictive analytics platform, including 80775 patients with AF (men, 42,5%, mean age, 70,0±14,3 years) who underwent outpatient and/or inpatient treatment in medical organizations in 6 Russian subjects in 2016-2019 with data on blood creatinine levels. For comparative analysis, the ranges of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were selected: ≥60 ml/min/1,73 m2, 30–59 ml/min/1,73 m2, and <30 ml/min/1,73 m2.Results. The analysis showed that 45128 (55,9%) patients were characterized by eGFR <60 ml/min/1,73 m2, of which in 35212 (78%) patients eGFR was in the range of 30-59 ml/min/1,73 m2, in 9916 (22%) — <30 ml/min/1,73 m2. Patients with eGFR <60 ml/min/1,73 m2 compared with those with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1,73 m2 were older (75,4±10,9 vs 63,0±15,2 years, p<0,001), had higher incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) (10,9 vs 6,5%, p<0,001), myocardial infarction (MI) (11,5 vs 7,7%, p<0,001) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (1,0 vs 0,7%, p<0,01), as well as higher rate of anticoagulant therapy (ACT) (47,0 vs 33,2%, p<0,001). Men and women with eGFR of 30-59 and <30 ml/min/1,73 m2 in the age ranges ≤64 years and 65-74 years had a higher incidence of IS and MI compared with patients with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/173 m2. The frequency of ICH on warfarin compared with direct oral anticoagulants was significantly higher in the subgroup with eGFR of 30-59 ml/min/1,73 m2 (1,1 vs 0,7%, p<0,01).Conclusion. Patients with AF and eGFR <60 ml/min/1,73 m2 are charac­terized by greater comorbidity, a higher incidence of IS, MI and ICH compared with patients with AF and eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1,73 m2, while ACT prescription rate as of 2016-2019 in some Russian subjects was unsatisfactory. This emphasizes the need to optimize risk stratification, ACT and algorithms for the prevention of athero­thrombotic events, as well as the development of nephro­protective strategies to reduce the rate of progression of renal dys­function in this cohort of patients.
Organoleptic qualities and proximate composition of fish grown in good aquaculture practice-based carp fattening pond
Authors: Hossain Md. Anwar , Hossain Md. Akhtar , Haque Md. Ayenuddin , Begum Mst. Nurjahan 
Published: May 2023

Organoleptic qualities and proximate composition of fish grown in carp fattening pond were studied under three treatments of feed and fertiliser management. Treatment T1 was designed with the use of organic fertiliser and stocking of silver carp, T2 with both organic and inorganic fertilisers and silver carp and T3 with both organic and inorganic fertilisers but excluding silver carp. One day in a week feeding restriction was followed in all the treatments. Fishes were stocked with a stocking density of 2470 fishes ha–1. Three fishes (Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus cirrhosus) were selected for organoleptic and proximate assessment. Cyanobacteria along with total phytoplankton cell density was significantly higher at treatment T2 followed by T3 and T1. However, in terms of productivity (Chl-a) treatment T2 was 27.1 and 13.3% higher compared to T1 and T3 respectively. Parameters assessed for proximate composition analysis did not vary across treatments and organoleptic test revealed comparatively higher acceptability of fishes collected from treatment T1 followed by T2 and T3 for all the fishes. Overall acceptability was higher for L. rohita from treatment T1. This study concluded that, inorganic fertilisation along with silver carp can improve the organoleptic properties of carps in pond.
The Relic Landscapes of the Grazer Bergland: Revisiting the Piedmonttreppen Debate
Authors: Stüwe Kurt , Hohmann Konstantin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Grazer Bergland is a mountainous region at the eastern end of the Alps that escaped glacial erosion in the Pleistocene and thus preserves low-relief landforms that are relics of the earlier uplift history. These relic landforms may reflect a Piedmonttreppe that formed during a series of stages of a wide-reaching Pliocene uplift event that interacts with the landscape evolution, but this model is not uniquely accepted for the region. In order to test this model and for a future better correlation of the paleosurfaces with those mapped in other regions, it is important to benchmark these relic landforms. We do so by presenting a geomorphic map of the Bergland region over some 600 km2. We describe the well-known levels Stadelberg/Zahrerberg- (at 540 – 700 m a.s.l.), Kalkleiten/Hochstraden- (at 700 – 850 m a.s.l.), Trahütten- (at 950 – 1100 m a.s.l.), Hubenhalt- (at 1200 m a.s.l.), as well as Wolschenegg- and Kor- (at 1200-1720 m a.s.l.) levels and correlate their distribution in space and time. Fluvial channels between segments of the relic surfaces have knickpoints that correlate with the planation surfaces, which is in strong support of the Piedmonttreppe model. Our analysis results in a model that interprets the course of the Mur river to be the product of a river piracy event near Peggau at the time of the planation of the Trahütten level (about 4 Ma), diverting the paleo-Mur from an eastwards course along the Mürz valley in direction Vienna, towards Graz. Thereafter, the Mur remained antecedent with respect to the uplift of the surrounding massifs resulting in massive base level drop for many tributaries, like the Mixnitzbach or Rötschbach. The resulting knickpoints have since migrated upstream to cause successive minor river capture events, for example the Rötschbach capture at Kesselfall. We also show that the presence of lower levels in the Passail Basin is best interpreted in terms of the more efficient erosion of basin sediments that filled a Miocene half graben north of the Schöckl ridge and analyze the two major drainages of the region, the Raab and the Weizbach.
Stratigraphic architecture of a mixed clastic-carbonate succession and 87Sr/86Sr-based chronostratigraphy along the margin of a synorogenic extensional basin (Hochmoos Formation, upper Santonian, Northern Calcareous Alps)
Authors: Kearney Kevin , Wagreich Michael , Sanders Diethard 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Gosau Group (Turonian to Ypresian) of the Eastern Alps is a synorogenic wedge-top succession that accumulated in active depocenters in an oblique-convergent plate tectonic setting. Due to high morphological differentiation of depocenters by tectonism, the Gosau Group displays a wide range of facies as well as marked facies heteropy and thickness variations over short lateral distances. In the area of the locations Gosau and Russbach, the Hochmoos Formation along the SE basin margin near Gosauschmied comprises coastal to shallow-marine deposits and small rudist bioconstructions and was investigated by way of field mapping, profile descriptions, microfacies analysis, isotope measurements and assessment of fossil content.
Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) from 0.707485 (oldest) to 0.707549 (youngest) indicate a latest Santonian age, with the youngest parts of the Hochmoos Formation possibly extending into the Campanian. On the west side of the study area, the succession of lithologies and fossil content record transgression of a fan-delta to marginal-marine environment (lowstand to transgressive systems tract), followed by shallow neritic deposition (part of the transgressive systems tract) and, finally, by progradational stacking of limestone beds in the highstand systems tract, culminating in growth of rudist thickets in an inner shelf and partially protected ‘lagoonal’ milieu. Eventually, at the inception of the following falling stage systems tract, input of large clasts of Dachstein Limestone, quartz and chert record a recurrence of the subaqueous part of a fan-delta. On the east side of the study area, a preponderance of rudist-clastic limestones over a few rudist biostromes preserved in situ indicate a normal-marine environment punctuated by high-energy events, such as storms or tsunami. The scarcity of benthic foraminifera and the presence of only isolated specimens of colonial corals underscore a habitat with a calcarenitic substrate frequently shifted by currents. Several lines of evidence indicate that the western part of the study area was more proximal relative to the eastern one. With a maximum thickness of 68 m, the Hochmoos Formation at Gosauschmied is slightly thicker and more distal than outcrops located nearer to the basin margin and farther towards the SE (Schmiedsippl, Katzhofgraben), but significantly thinner than the nearly 300 m at Gosau Pass-Gschütt, or the thickness of 170 m observed in the area of Rigaus-Abtenau farther in the West. These thickness variations are interpreted as a result of extensional syndepositional tectonism. At Gosauschmied, the vertical arrangement of facies records a cycle of relative sea-level change that may have been tectonically enhanced.
Analysis of the Impact of NO2 Levels on COVID-19 in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Song Benedict Wonjae 
Published: May 2023

Objective. To explore the influence of ambient air pollutant NO2 on the COVID-19 ("Co" stands for coronavirus, "Vi" is for virus and "D" is for disease) in the five various counties of the USA.
Methods. Employing openly available data collected by the US Census Bureau, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and additional agencies, county-level fatality rates were taken from the literature that was regressed on concentration values of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (and ground-level ozone), days since very first approved case. Moreover, On March 19, 2018, a matter regarding the nascent COVID-19 pandemic pushed the California government to command lockdown on all Californian residents, except to do certain primary tasks.
Results. The study revealed that NO2 has a kind of linear correlation with COVID-19 (county-level mortality rates, including some other parameters) that also produced the O3. Additionally, ground-level ozone is confidently associated with COVID-19 cases (fatality rates). Additionally, s an outcome of lockdown, the usage of individual vehicles drastically lowered. Since these transportations significantly provided to NO2 levels in five mentioned counties of USA, many have queried whether their absenteeism let a drop in NO2 pollution.
Conclusions. High NO2 concentrations and ground-level O3 object to a higher COVID-19 case and fatality rate. To check additional deaths, it is essential to follow lockdown limitations and also speculate research verdicts in public systems. In the fact of air pollution or contamination, environmental constraints should be augmented, and additional anticipations should be practiced as plants start resuming.
The Effect of Iron Replacement on Cognitive Functions in Reproductive Women with Iron Deficiency
Authors: BERKMAN Şükran , SUVAK Özlem 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Iron plays key roles in brain development including neurogenesis, myelination, synaptic development, energy and neurotransmitter metabolism as well as normal brain functioning. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of iron replacement on cognitive functions in women with iron deficiency.
Methods: An intervention study was conducted in 165 women aged 15-49 years with low iron levels (ID;hemoglobin >12 gr/dl, ferritin
SANEAMENTO E CONDIÇÕES SOCIOECONÔMICAS DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM-PA / SANITATION AND SOCIOECONOMIC WATERSHEDS CONDITIONS: A CASE STUDY IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF BELÉM-PA
Authors: Lima Paungartten Sâmella Patrícia , Leão Bordalo Carlos Alexandre , Meiguins de Lima Aline Maria 
Published: May 2023

O retrato das condições socioeconômicas e de saneamento da população residente em uma determinada bacia hidrográfica compreende uma das vertentes mais inovadoras de análise pois contempla a compreensão dosantrópicos no comportamento dos sistema hídricos. Uma maior densidade domiciliar, por exemplo, contribuem para o aumento das áreas impermeabilizadas dificultando a infiltração e interferindo no aumento do volume e velocidade de escoamento superficial. Assim, a concentração de domicílios tem relação direta com a densidade demográfica e com a maior atividade antrópica na área, interferindo no equilíbrio do sistema da baciahidrográfica. Dentro desta perspectiva, este artigo tem por objetivo tratar das condições socioeconômicas e de saneamento da bacia hidrográfica de Benfica e suas principais repercussões para o planejamento e gerenciamento desta unidade. Metodologicamente está baseado no Censo Demográfico de 2010, realizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), cujos resultados e análises demonstram ameaça aqualidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica mediante a condições socioeconômicas adversas e saneamento básico deficiente.