bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking AlN Piezoelectric Performance with Earth‐Abundant Dopants
Authors: Startt Jacob , Quazi Mohammed , Sharma Pallavi , Vazquez Irma , Poudyal Aseem , Jackson Nathan , Dingreville Remi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe increasing demand for high‐performance piezoelectric materials and toxicity and thermal stability issues of the widely used lead zirconate titanates (PZT) have spurred a search for better alternatives in electronic devices. In comparison to PZT, group III nitrides such as aluminum nitride (AlN), are only weakly piezoelectric, but doping AlN with scandium (Sc) improves the piezoelectric response by nearly 500%. Relative to PZT, doped‐AlN piezoelectric materials are advantageous because they are far more compatible with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) materials, and they maintain both piezoelectric and thermodynamic stability up to very high temperatures. Unfortunately, rare‐earth metals are notoriously expensive, and fabricating stable films with rare‐earth dopants is also challenging, limiting their use in industrial applications. In this work, ab initio calculations are combined with targeted fabrication and experimentation to identify alternative earth‐abundant dopants for AlN from the periodic table d‐block. Amongst the 23 elements screened, it is found that group IVB metals, titanium, zirconium, and hafnium induce large piezoelectric enhancements comparable to Sc. This improvement is traced to shifts in the atomic sublattice structure and changes in the local charge states. In demonstrating a highly accessible and affordable path for technological adaptation of AlN‐based piezoelectrics, this work provides the foundation for sustainable, next‐generation electronics.
Tunable Quantum Dots from Atomically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons Using a Multi‐Gate Architecture
Authors: Zhang Jian , Braun Oliver , Barin Gabriela Borin , Sangtarash Sara , Overbeck Jan , Darawish Rimah , Stiefel Michael , Furrer Roman , Olziersky Antonis , Müllen Klaus , Shorubalko Ivan , Daaoub Abdalghani H. S. , Ruffieux Pascal , Fasel Roman , Sadeghi Hatef , Perrin Mickael L. , Calame Michel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAtomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are increasingly attracting interest due to their largely modifiable electronic properties, which can be tailored by controlling their width and edge structure during chemical synthesis. In recent years, the exploitation of GNR properties for electronic devices has focused on GNR integration into field‐effect‐transistor (FET) geometries. However, such FET devices have limited electrostatic tunability due to the presence of a single gate. Here, on the device integration of 9‐atom wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (9‐AGNRs) into a multi‐gate FET geometry, consisting of an ultra‐narrow finger gate and two side gates is reported. High‐resolution electron‐beam lithography (EBL) is used for defining finger gates as narrow as 12 nm and combine them with graphene electrodes for contacting the GNRs. Low‐temperature transport spectroscopy measurements reveal quantum dot (QD) behavior with rich Coulomb diamond patterns, suggesting that the GNRs form QDs that are connected both in series and in parallel. Moreover, it is shown that the additional gates enable differential tuning of the QDs in the nanojunction, providing the first step toward multi‐gate control of GNR‐based multi‐dot systems.
Fenclorim rice safening and weed control with fall‐applied acetochlor and pyroxasulfone
Authors: Avent Tristen H. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Butts Thomas R. , Roberts Trenton L. , Bateman Nicholas R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractApplications of very long‐chained fatty acid elongase (VLCFA)‐inhibiting herbicides are currently not labeled within U.S. rice (Oryza sativa L.) production but have been used in Asian rice production to suppress weedy rice and control other annual grasses and small‐seeded broadleaves. Therefore, separate experiments were initiated in the fall of 2019 and 2020 to evaluate rice tolerance and weedy rice (O. sativa L.) control with acetochlor and pyroxasulfone in the following spring. A three‐factor experiment within a randomized complete block design was implemented with the factors being (1) herbicide choice (acetochlor or pyroxasulfone), (2) a low or high herbicide rate (2100 and 4200 g ai ha−1, and at 237 and 475 g ai ha−1 acetochlor and pyroxasulfone, respectively), and (3) without or with a fenclorim seed treatment (2.5 g ai kg−1 of seed). Throughout the experiments, rice exhibited <10% injury with acetochlor. The fenclorim seed treatment reduced injury (averaged over herbicide choice and rate) from 28% to 21% 28 days after emergence of rice for both trial types. Fenclorim also improved rough‐rice yield (averaged over herbicide choice and rate) by 12 and 18 percentage points for the two different studies. However, regardless of fenclorim, rice did not demonstrate <20% injury with pyroxasulfone. The fenclorim seed treatment or any interaction containing fenclorim did not influence weedy rice control, and weedy rice control with acetochlor ranged from 0% to 48%. Findings from this experiment demonstrate the effects of a fenclorim seed treatment for fall‐applied acetochlor and pyroxasulfone and the efficacy of acetochlor and pyroxasulfone for controlling weedy rice.
Improving water transport through sub‐nanometer channels by alternating hydrophilic–hydrophobic patterns
Authors: Xu Fang , Lei Linfeng , Lian Cheng , Xu Zhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydrophilicity is key factor to sub‐nanometer channels for water transport. However, how to effectively integrate the respective advantages of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity to realize ultrafast water transport at the sub‐nanometer scale is still confusing. By using sub‐nanometer channels formed by two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks as typical models, we herein demonstrate that alternating hydrophilic–hydrophobic patterns in channels are capable of significantly improving water transport. Alternatingly stacking hydrophilic and hydrophobic monolayers is testified to be energetically favorable to directly piling their multilayers. Meanwhile, alternatingly‐stacked hydrophilic–hydrophobic multilayers are able to achieve much higher water permeability than individual hydrophilic or hydrophobic multilayers. The effect of framework flexibility is also investigated. The exceptional performances benefit from the perfect balance between excellent wettability of hydrophilicity and low friction of hydrophobicity. In order to give full play to the synergistic advantages, the thickness of hydrophobic patterns spaced by hydrophilic ones should be less than 1 nm.
Climbing influences entheseal morphology in the humerus of mice: An experimental application of the VERA methodology
Authors: Karakostis Fotios Alexandros , Wallace Ian J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesWhen studying hominin skeletal remains, anthropologists commonly assume that the morphology of entheses (muscle and tendon attachment sites) is influenced by physical activity patterns during life. Here, we use samples of mice from a prior experiment (Siegel & Jones [1975] American Journal of Physical Anthropology 42:141–144) to test this assumption. Specifically, we investigate the effects of habitual climbing on entheses of the humerus using a recently developed protocol for analyzing entheseal morphology called the “Validated Entheses‐based Reconstruction of Activity” (VERA) method.Materials and MethodsIn the original experiment, young mice were raised for approximately 9 weeks in one of two experimental conditions: a cage designed to limit locomotion to terrestrial quadrupedalism over a flat surface (n = 22), or a cage designed to impel animals to cling to a suspended wire mesh apparatus and limit their locomotion to climbing (n = 21). We μCT‐scanned the humeri of these mice and used the VERA method to assess the morphology of the deltoid tuberosity, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, and supinator crest.ResultsSignificant differences in entheseal morphology were detected between climbers and non‐climbers when using both multivariate statistics to assess all entheses simultaneously and univariate statistics to assess each enthesis individually.DiscussionOur results provide new support for the general use of entheseal morphology for inferring hominin physical activity patterns in the past. Furthermore, based on our results, we propose that analyzing entheseal morphology using the VERA method may be a promising strategy for future research on the importance of climbing in hominin locomotor evolution.
Molecular Mechanisms behind Acetylene Adsorption and Selectivity in Functional Porous Materials
Authors: Han Xue , Yang Sihai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince its first industrial production in 1890s, acetylene has played a vital role in manufacturing a wide spectrum of materials. Although current methods and infrastructures for various segments of acetylene industries are well‐established, with emerging functional porous materials that enabled desired selectivity toward target molecules, it is of timely interest to develop new efficient technologies to promote safer acetylene processes with a higher energy efficiency and lower carbon footprint. In this Minireview, we, from the perspective of materials chemistry, review state‐of‐the‐art examples of advanced porous materials, namely metal–organic frameworks and decorated zeolites, that have been applied to the purification and storage of acetylene. We also discuss the challenges on the roadmap of translational research in the development of new solid sorbent‐based separation technologies and highlight areas which require future research efforts.
Open‐Cage Fullerene as a Selective Molecular Trap for LiF/[BeF]+
Authors: Gao Rui , Liu Zhen , Liu Zeyu , Liang Tongling , Su Jie , Gan Liangbing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe insertion of ionic compounds into open‐cage fullerenes is a challenging task due to the electropositive nature of the cavity. The present work reports the preparation of an open‐cage C60 derivative with a hydroxy group pointing towards the centre of the cavity, which can coordinate to a metal cation, thus acting as a bait/hook to trap the metal cation such as the lithium cation in neutral LiF and the beryllium cation in the cationic [BeF]+ species. Other metal salts could not be inserted under similar conditions. The structure of MF in the cage was unambiguously determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Owing to its tendency to undergo polycoordination, Li+ monomer salts have not been isolated before, despite extensive research on Li bonds. The present results provide a unique example of a Li bond.
Directed Asymmetric Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive 1,2‐Diarylation of Electronically Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Dong Zhan , Tang Qiongyao , Xu Changyu , Chen Li , Ji Haiting , Zhou Sitian , Song Liangliang , Chen Liang‐An 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransition‐metal catalyzed intermolecular 1,2‐diarylation of electronically unactivated alkenes has emerged as an extensive research topic in organic synthesis. However, most examples are mainly limited to terminal alkenes. Furthermore, transition‐metal catalyzed asymmetric 1,2‐diarylation of unactivated alkenes still remains unsolved and is a formidable challenge. Herein, we describe a highly efficient directed nickel‐catalyzed reductive 1,2‐diarylation of unactivated internal alkenes with high diastereoselectivities. More importantly, our further effort towards enantioselective 1,2‐diarylation of the unactivated terminal and challenging internal alkenes is achieved, furnishing various polyarylalkanes featuring benzylic stereocenters in high yields and with good to high enantioselectivities and high diastereoselectivities. Interestingly, the generation of cationic Ni‐catalyst by adding alkali metal fluoride is the key to increased efficiency of this enantioselective reaction.
CO2Aggregation on Monoethanolamine: Observations from Rotational Spectroscopy
Authors: Xie Fan , Sun Wenhao , Pinacho Pablo , Schnell Melanie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe initial stages of the gas‐phase nucleation between CO2and monoethanolamine were investigated via broadband rotational spectroscopy with the aid of extensive theoretical structure sampling. Sub‐nanometer‐scale aggregation patterns of monoethanolamine‐(CO2)n,n=1–4, were identified. An interesting competition between the monoethanolamine intramolecular hydrogen bond and the intermolecular interactions between monoethanolamine and CO2upon cluster growth was discovered, revealing an intriguing CO2binding priority to the hydroxyl group over the amine group. These findings are in sharp contrast to the general results for aqueous solutions. In the quinary complex, a cap‐like CO2tetramer was observed cooperatively surrounding the monoethanolamine. As the cluster approaches the critical size of new particle formation, the contribution of CO2self‐assembly to the overall stability increases.
Antioxidating and reinforcing effect of polydopamine functionalized silica on natural rubber latex films
Authors: Yi Mingyuan , Xiong Siwen , Zhang Yuxuan , Wan Lihong , Chen Fanfan , Gong He , Yan Sitong , Fang Lin , Wang Zhifen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the outbreak of COVID‐19, the demand for natural latex products with increased mechanical properties and aging resistance has surged. Based on the excellent adhesion and antioxidant properties of polydopamine (PDA), we employed a one‐pot method to modify the surface of silica substrates using PDA containing a polyphenol structure, to prepare a reinforced silica‐PDA composite latex material with antioxidant properties. As expected, the silica‐PDA composite achieved both uniform dispersion and good interfacial interactions with natural rubber latex (NRL). In addition, compared with common NRL/silica films, the mechanical properties of the NRL/silica‐PDA film were significantly improved; specifically, silica‐PDA can highly‐enhanced the mechanical property of NRL film from 24.94 to 32.18 MPa of tensile strength. Further, the antioxidant activity of the silica‐PDA film exceeded that of commercially available antioxidant D. Considering the notable performance boost of silica‐PDA composites on NRL films, we believe that the treatment of silica with natural polyphenols offers a convenient and facile new route for the preparation of environmentally friendly multifunctional silica additives.
A strong, biodegradable and transparent cellulose‐based bioplastic stemmed from waste paper
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Tong Shoudi , Tong Zhihan , Guan Yuewen , Sun Yinan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is crucial and significant to boost the utilization of renewable resources and exploitation of biodegradable materials alternative to petrochemical plastics. Waste paper, mainly composed of cellulose (82–95 wt%) and derived from the lignocellulose, is a type of abundant, renewable, and biodegradable resource, whose recycling use and conversion to high value‐added products can reduce the pressure on the environment and exert immense economic benefits. Herein, four kinds of common waste paper (e.g., printing paper, newspaper, straw paper and roll paper) were converted into cellulose‐based bioplastic membranes by using ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium chloride as solvent. The cellulose‐based membranes are smooth and compact, and their mechanical strength is prominently improved about 3–100 times comparison with the original paper. The maximum tensile strength of the film (F4) is over 127 Mpa and its optical transmittance reaches 80% at 450–800 nm wavelength. Besides, this kind of cellulose‐based films have excellent biodegradability. Thus, the results demonstrated that the cellulose‐based bioplastic membranes stemmed from waste paper possess a magnificent application prospect.
Applying a modified metabarcoding approach for the sequencing of macrofungal specimens from fungarium collections
Authors: Olds C. Gary , Berta‐Thompson Jessie W. , Loucks Justin J. , Levy Richard A. , Wilson Andrew W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPremiseFungaria are an underutilized resource for understanding fungal biodiversity. The effort and cost of producing DNA barcode sequence data for large numbers of fungal specimens can be prohibitive. This study applies a modified metabarcoding approach that provides a labor‐efficient and cost‐effective solution for sequencing the fungal DNA barcodes of hundreds of specimens at once.MethodsWe applied a two‐step PCR approach using nested, barcoded primers to sequence the fungal nrITS2 region of 766 macrofungal specimens using the Illumina platform. The specimens represent a broad taxonomic sampling of the Dikarya. Of these, 382 Lactarius specimens were analyzed to identify molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) using a phylogenetic approach. The raw sequences were trimmed, filtered, assessed, and analyzed using the DADA2 amplicon de‐noising toolkit and Biopython. The sequences were compared to the NCBI and UNITE databases and Sanger nrITS sequences from the same specimens.ResultsThe taxonomic identities derived from the nrITS2 sequence data were >90% accurate across all specimens sampled. A phylogenetic analysis of the Lactarius sequences identified 20 MOTUs.DiscussionThe results demonstrate the capacity of these methods to produce nrITS2 sequences from large numbers of fungarium specimens. This provides an opportunity to more effectively use fungarium collections to advance fungal diversity identification and documentation.
Development of a multigram synthesis of the bradykinin receptor 2 agonist FR‐190997 and analogs thereof
Authors: Vachlioti Eleanna , Ferikoglou Spyridon , Georgiou Xenios , Karampatsis Vasilios , Afratis Konstantinos , Bafiti Vivi , Savard Martin , Papaioannou Dionissios , Katsila Theodora , Gobeil Fernand , Rassias Gerasimos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing Fujisawa's B2R agonist FR‐190997, we recently demonstrated for the first time that agonism at the bradykinin receptor type 2 (B2R) produces substantial antiproliferative effects. FR‐190997 elicited an EC50 of 80 nM in the triple‐negative breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231, a much superior performance to that exhibited by most approved breast cancer drugs. Consequently, we initiated a program aiming primarily at synthesizing adequate quantities of FR‐190997 to support further in vitro and in vivo studies toward its repurposing for various cancers and, in parallel, enable the generation of novel FR‐190997 analogs for an SAR study. Prerequisite for this endeavor was to address the synthetic challenges associated with the FR‐190997 scaffold, which the Fujisawa chemists had constructed in 20 steps, 13 of which required chromatographic purification. We succeeded in developing a 17‐step synthesis amenable to late‐stage diversification that eliminated all chromatography and enabled access to multigram quantities of FR‐190997 and novel derivatives thereof, supporting further anticancer research based on B2R agonists.
Modification of Hollow Expanded Microspheres with Superior Thermal Insulation Properties and Their Applications
Authors: Zhao Tiantian , Yang Heng , Xu Xiaohua , Chang Guangtao , Li Ruoxin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) are hollow polymeric particles in which a blowing gas has been encapsulated. This property makes them excellent for thermal insulation applications, such as lightweight fillers. This study has developed a viable technology for further improving thermal insulation properties in the field that needs excellent thermal insulation of textile fabrics. The ATO/TEMs composites were designed and prepared to reduce sunlight radiation by the charge gravity method. The test results showed that the ATO‐coated TEMs effectively block thermal radiation from sunlight. The temperature difference between ATO/TEMs treated cotton and the uncoated cotton fabric was 9 °C, and the thermal conductivity coatings were 0.0432 W/m⋅K. The UPF value of ATO/TEMs (ILs) coated cotton fabric is 440, significantly higher than pure cotton. This approach can provide insight into the design of high‐performance solar insulation composite structures.
NAD+ supplementation improves mAb productivity in CHO cells via a glucose metabolic shift
Authors: Lee Ji Hwan , Kang Hye‐Im , Kim Suheon , Ahn Yeong Bin , Kim Hagyeong , Hong Jong Kwang , Baik Jong Youn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAerobic glycolysis and its by‐product lactate accumulation are usually associated with adverse culture phenotypes such as poor cell viability and productivity. Due to the lack of knowledge on underlying mechanisms and accompanying biological processes, the regulation of aerobic glycolysis has been an ongoing challenge in culture process development for therapeutic protein productivity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme and co‐substrate in energy metabolism, promotes the conversion of inefficient glycolysis into an efficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. However, the effect of NAD+ on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for biopharmaceutical production has not been reported yet. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the influence of NAD+ on cell culture performance by examining metabolic shifts and mAb productivity. The supplementation of NAD+ increased the intracellular concentration of NAD+ and promoted SIRT3 expression. Antibody titer and the specific productivity in the growth phase were improved by up to 1.82‐ and 1.88‐fold, respectively, with marginal restrictions on cell growth. NAD+ significantly reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the lactate yield from glucose, determined by lactate accumulation versus glucose consumption (YLAC/GLC). In contrast, OXPHOS capacity and amino acid consumption rate increased substantially. Collectively, these results suggest that NAD+ contributes to improving therapeutic protein productivity in bioprocessing via inducing an energy metabolic shift.
The value of team‐based learning in a pandemic and five simple tips to get started
Authors: Hills Melissa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTeam‐Based Learning (TBL) can be easily applied to different learning outcomes in various courses. This approach builds community and provides peer support for students in both in‐person and online learning environments. When used for formative assessment, it can promote student learning while reducing the quantity of grading for instructors. Five simple tips to provide structure and flexibility for the successful implementation of Team‐Based Learning are described using an example of a recent second‐year principles of genetics course.
Cynasibirolide A, One New Humulanolide Sesquiterpene from Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum
Authors: Luo De‐Li , Wang Xiao‐Hua , Lei Ya‐E , Lu Chuan‐Qi , Lu Yan , Chen Dao‐Feng , Wang Qi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCynasibirolide A (1), one new humulanolide sesquiterpene, together with four known analogs, asteriscanolide (2), (1S,8S)‐8‐hydroxyhumula‐2Z,6E,9E‐trien‐1,12‐olide (3), (1S,7R)‐8‐oxohumula‐2Z,9E‐dien‐1,12‐olide (4), and (+)‐6,7,9,10‐tetrahydroasteriscunolide (5) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR techniques, and the structure of 1 was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. All compounds were evaluated for their anti‐complementary activity in vitro, and compound 3 exhibited anti‐complement effect with CH50 value of 0.45 mM.