bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric pulmonology 2022 year in review: Asthma
Authors: Stephenson Nicole , Espaillat Andre , Loughlin Ceila E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2022, new research studies influenced the field of pediatric asthma with improvements in diagnosis and evaluation; new treatment options including biologic therapies; changes in risk factors for asthma; and increased discussion about the impact of social determinants of health on asthma. Additionally, three years after the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, we continue to see the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus on pediatric asthma care. In this review article, we summarize the significant findings from publications in Pediatric Pulmonology and other relevant journals from the last year. We hope this review will provide new insight within the field of pediatric asthma, as well as guidance for implementation into clinical practice.
Real‐world clinical practice of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Japan: Insights from a large administrative database
Authors: Omura Junichi , Kitahara Kazuki , Takano Masashi , Idehara Koki , Kim Seok‐Won 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease that often occurs at an early age. In recent years, aggressive treatment with multiple drugs from the early‐stage diagnosis is expected to improve the prognosis. Indeed, a high rate of initial combination therapy and excellent treatment outcomes have been reported from specialized centers for PAH in Japan. However, information on PAH epidemiology, including non‐PAH specialized centers in Japan, is unclear. To address the above, we conducted a retrospective observational cohort study from April 2008 to September 2020 using real‐world evidence from a large‐scale administrative database (Medical Data Vision) to examine baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment profiles of Japanese patients with PAH. Five hundred and eighteen patients with PAH (treatment‐naive PAH, age 67.2 ± 15.9) were identified through our comprehensive approach which combined PAH disease codes, medications, and diagnostic procedures. Moreover, we showed that a larger proportion of patients received monotherapy in their initial treatment (66%) compared to those receiving combination therapy (34%). During the 1‐year follow‐up after PAH diagnosis, 13% of patients increased their PAH medications while other patients either decreased their PAH medications (6%) or discontinued PAH treatment (27%). The 3‐ and 5‐year event‐free survival rates of all‐cause death were 72% and 64%, respectively. This is the first large‐scale administrative database study that provides insights into real‐world PAH management in Japan. This study highlighted a different PAH clinical landscape which included a larger portion of the elderly population, higher initial monotherapy treatment, and lower survival rates than previous studies.
Robot‐assisted transaxillary surgery for thyroid cancer: Oncologic and surgical outcomes in long term follow‐up
Authors: Papini Piermarco , De Palma Andrea , Ginesini Michael , Rossi Leonardo , Fregoli Lorenzo , Elisei Rossella , Matrone Antonio , Morganti Riccardo , Ambrosini Carlo Enrico , Materazzi Gabriele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of robot‐assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy (RATT) has rapidly spread in the last 2 decades, although it is mostly limited to Asian countries.MethodWe retrospectively enroled all patients with histologic diagnoses of thyroid cancer who underwent RATT at the University Hospital of Pisa from May 2012 to September 2020.ResultsThe study included 242 patients; 128 (47%) underwent total thyroidectomy and 114 (53%) underwent thyroid lobectomy, among which 28 patients (24.6%) required completion thyroidectomy. Radioactive iodine ablation therapy was required in 90 patients (37%). The complication rate was 5.3%. After a median follow‐up of 38 months, an excellent response to therapy was achieved in 107 patients (74%), whereas the response was indeterminate in 12 (8%) and incomplete in 16 (11%). No local or distant relapses or increases in thyroglobulin or antibody levels were documented.ConclusionsIn experienced hands, RATT represents a valid option for the treatment of thyroid cancer in selected cases.
A multiple catheter tips tracking method in X‐ray fluoroscopy images by a new lightweight segmentation network and Bayesian filtering
Authors: Tang Hui , Li Hao Kai , Yang Chun Feng , Dillenseger Jean‐Louis , Coatrieux Gouenou , Feng Juan , Zhou Shou Jun , Chen Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring percutaneous coronary intervention, the guiding catheter plays an important role. Tracking the catheter tip placed at the coronary ostium in the X‐ray fluoroscopy sequence can obtain image displacement information caused by the heart beating, which can help dynamic coronary roadmap overlap on X‐ray fluoroscopy images. Due to a low exposure dose, the X‐ray fluoroscopy is noisy and low contrast, which causes some difficulties in tracking. In this paper, we developed a new catheter tip tracking framework. First, a lightweight efficient catheter tip segmentation network is proposed and boosted by a self‐distillation training mechanism. Then, the Bayesian filtering post‐processing method is used to consider the sequence information to refine the single image segmentation results. By separating the segmentation results into several groups based on connectivity, our framework can track multiple catheter tips. The proposed tracking framework is validated on a clinical X‐ray sequence dataset.
Distributed observer‐based fixed‐time cooperative guidance law against maneuvering target
Authors: He Zhichuan , Fan Shipeng , Wang Jiang , Wang Peng 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis paper presents a fixed‐time cooperative guidance law for leader‐following missiles, comprising one leader missile with the target seeker and several seeker‐less follower missiles. The aim is to achieve a simultaneous attack on a maneuvering target at desired impact angles. First, a guidance law with impact angle control for the leader missile against a maneuvering target is proposed based on nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) control algorithm. Then, the design of cooperative guidance law for the follower missiles is composed of two parts: along the follower‐to‐leader line of sight (LOS) direction, the guidance command derived from bi‐homogeneous property is designed to ensure that the follower‐leader ranges keep proportional consensus with the range‐to‐go of the leader missile, thus avoiding the estimation of time‐to‐go (); in the normal follower‐to‐leader LOS direction, considering the relative impact angle constraints which is determined by the leader LOS angle, the guidance command is proposed based on predefined‐time sliding mode control method. What's more, a distributed fixed‐time observer is designed for the follower missiles to compensate for unobtainable leader missile information. The fixed‐time stability of the proposed methods is demonstrated using the Lyapunov theory and bi‐homogeneous property. Finally, simulation results confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed fixed‐time cooperative guidance law with leader‐following strategy.
Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Lane Formation in Ferromagnetic Ferrofluids
Authors: Vilfan Mojca , Lampret Borut , Gregorin Žiga , Cmok Luka , Vilfan Andrej , Klepp Jürgen , Kohlbrecher Joachim , Hribar Boštjančič Patricija , Lisjak Darja , Mertelj Alenka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFerromagnetic ferrofluids are synthetic materials consisting of magnetic nanoplatelets dispersed in an isotropic fluid. Their main characteristics are the formation of stable magnetic domains and the presence of macroscopic magnetization even in the absence of a magnetic field. Here, the authors report on the experimental observation of spontaneous stripe formation in a ferromagnetic ferrofluid in the presence of an oscillating external magnetic field. The striped structure is identified as elongated magnetic domains, which exhibit reorientation upon reversal of the magnetic field. The stripes are oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field and are separated by alternating flow lanes. The velocity profile is measured using a space–time correlation technique that follows the motion of the thermally excited fluctuations in the sample. The highest velocities are found in the depleted regions between individual domains and reach values up to several µm s−1. The fluid in adjacent lanes moves in the opposite directions despite the applied magnetic field being uniform. The formation of bidirectional flow lanes can be explained by alternating rotation of magnetic nanoparticles in neighboring stripes, which indicates spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry in the sample.
MOF‐Based Photocatalytic Membrane for Water Purification: A Review
Authors: Chen Cheng , Fei Lingya , Wang Boya , Xu Jiujing , Li Bisheng , Shen Liguo , Lin Hongjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic membranes can effectively integrate membrane separation and photocatalytic degradation processes to provide an eco‐friendly solution for efficient water purification. It is of great significance to develop highly efficient photocatalytic membranes driven by visible light to ensure the long‐term stability of membrane separation systems and the maximum utilization of solar energy. Metal‐organic framework (MOF) is an emerging photocatalyst with a well‐defined structure and tunable chemical properties, showing a broad application prospect in the construction of high‐performance photocatalytic membranes. Herein, this work provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in MOF‐based photocatalytic membranes. Initially, this work outlines the main tailoring strategies that facilitate the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of MOF‐based photocatalysts. Next, this work introduces commonly used methods for fabricating MOF‐based photocatalytic membranes. Subsequently, this work discusses the application and mechanisms of MOF‐based photocatalytic membranes toward organic pollutant degradation, metal ion removal, and membrane fouling mitigation. Finally, challenges in developing MOF‐based photocatalytic membranes and their practical applications are presented, while also pointing out future research directions toward overcoming these existing limitations.
High‐Throughput Calculations for Screening d‐ and p‐Block Single‐Atom Catalysts toward Li2S/Na2S Decomposition Guided by Facile Descriptor beyond Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi Relationship
Authors: Wu Siyi , Wang Chenhui , Liang Haikuan , Nong Wei , Zeng Zhihao , Li Yan , Wang Chengxin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising cathode materials for addressing issues faced by lithium–sulfur batteries. Considering the ample chemical space of SACs, high‐throughput calculations are efficient strategies for their rational design. However, the high throughput calculations are impeded by the time‐consuming determination of the decomposition barrier (Eb) of Li2S. In this study, the effects of bond formation and breakage on the kinetics of SAC‐catalyzed Li2S decomposition with g‐C3N4 as the substrate are clarified. Furthermore, a new efficient and easily‐obtained descriptor Li─S─Li angle (ALi─S─Li) of adsorbed Li2S, different from the widely accepted thermodynamic data for predicting Eb, which breaks the well‐known Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relationship, is identified. Under the guidance of ALi─S─Li, several superior SACs with d‐ and p‐block metal centers supported by g‐C3N4 are screened to accelerate the sulfur redox reaction and fix the soluble lithium polysulfides. The newly identified descriptor of ALi─S─Li can be extended to rationally design SACs for Na─S batteries. This study opens a new pathway for tuning the performance of SACs to catalyze the decomposition of X2S (X = Li, Na, and K) and thus accelerate the design of SACs for alkaline‐chalcogenide batteries.
Preparation and Characterization of Rice Starch Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Onion Peel Extract
Authors: Siddiqui Nabia , Shaikh Marium , Butt Natasha Abbas , Haider Salman , Parveen Zehra , Sattar Dur‐e‐shahwar , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Abbas Tanveer 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to develop and characterize rice starch nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from onion peel extract (OPE) as a reducing agent. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal the formation of semi‐spherical shaped nanoparticles. Also, the peaks obtain at 3 keV using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicates the presence of elemental silver. Active films loaded with AgNPs are subjected to SEM and show that incorporation of AgNPs lead to the development of embedded starch matrix as compared to control sample. The decrease in moisture content and water vapor permeability is quite noticeable by increasing the AgNPs concentration and ranges between (8.58–11.32)% and (6.74–10.90) × 10−9 g−1 s−1 Pa−1, respectively. The results of tensile test suggest that tensile strength is significantly increased after incorporation of nanoparticles in films. The active films possess improved antibacterial activity against food pathogens. Hence, the present investigation suggests economical and advantageous way to formulate nanocomposite films from rice starch that are loaded with AgNPs derived from an agro waste material, i.e., onion peels that are rich in phenolic compounds but are usually discarded by food processors.
Mathematical modelling for peristaltic flow of fourth‐grade nanoliquid with entropy generation
Authors: Nisar Zahid , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Momani Shaher 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanomaterials having excellent thermal properties are employed in producing energy, extrusion processes, engineering processes, nuclear interactions, industrial domains and aero‐spaces, etc. Therefore, current study scrutinizes the aspects of entropy optimization and Ohmic heating on MHD peristalsis of fourth‐grade nanoliquid in a channel. Flexible channel walls retain concentration, thermal slip and velocity conditions. The consequences of viscous dissipation and Arrhenius activation have been accounted. The lubrication approximation is used in mathematical modelling. Nanofluid model is used by considering thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Furthermore, thermal radiation features are included in the energy equation. By using an appropriate similarity transformation, a system of PDEs is simplified to a solvable system of ODEs. Numerical techniques are used to solve the problem of governance. Detailed exploration of the sundry variables of concern on the flow quantities like velocity profile, nanoparticle concentration, temperature and entropy of the system is graphically examined. Heat transfer is examined in tabular form. Based on the derived outcomes, the velocity rises via thermal Grashof and slip variables. Further, an increment in Brownian motion and radiation parameters shows opposite behaviour on temperature.
Understanding Peer Feedback Contributions Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Castro Mayara Simões de Oliveira , Mello Rafael Ferreira , Fiorentino Giuseppe , Viberg Olga , Spikol Daniel , Baars Martine , Gašević Dragan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeer feedback has been widely used in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) setting to improve students’ engagement with massive courses. Although the peer feedback process increases students’ self-regulatory practice, metacognition, and academic achievement, instructors need to go through large amounts of feedback text data which is much more time-consuming. To address this challenge, the present study proposes an automated content analysis approach to identify relevant categories in peer feedback based on traditional and sequence-based classifiers using TF-IDF and content-independent features. We use a data set from an extensive course (N = 231 students) in the setting of engineering higher education. In particular, a total of 2,444 peer feedback messages were analyzed. The CRF classification model based on the TF-IDF features achieved the best performance. The results illustrate that the ability to scale up the automatic analysis of peer feedback provides new opportunities for student-improved learning and improved teacher support in higher education at scale.
PEER: Empowering Writing with Large Language Models
Authors: Seßler Kathrin , Xiang Tao , Bogenrieder Lukas , Kasneci Enkelejda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe emerging research area of large language models (LLMs) has far-reaching implications for various aspects of our daily lives. In education, in particular, LLMs hold enormous potential for enabling personalized learning and equal opportunities for all students. In a traditional classroom environment, students often struggle to develop individual writing skills because the workload of the teachers limits their ability to provide detailed feedback on each student’s essay. To bridge this gap, we have developed a tool called PEER (Paper Evaluation and Empowerment Resource) which exploits the power of LLMs and provides students with comprehensive and engaging feedback on their essays. Our goal is to motivate each student to enhance their writing skills through positive feedback and specific suggestions for improvement. Since its launch in February 2023, PEER has received high levels of interest and demand, resulting in more than 4000 essays uploaded to the platform to date. Moreover, there has been an overwhelming response from teachers who are interested in the project since it has the potential to alleviate their workload by making the task of grading essays less tedious. By collecting a real-world data set incorporating essays of students and feedback from teachers, we will be able to refine and enhance PEER through model fine-tuning in the next steps. Our goal is to leverage LLMs to enhance personalized learning, reduce teacher workload, and ensure that every student has an equal opportunity to excel in writing. The code is available at https://github.com/Kasneci-Lab/AI-assisted-writing.
Grundlagen der Politik und Demokratie
Authors: Kehl Konstantin 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel legt die Basis für eine fundierte Auseinandersetzung mit dem politischen System der Schweiz, indem es in gängige Politik- und Demokratiebegriffe einführt. Es behandelt die unterschiedlichen Erscheinungsformen von Politik und die für politische Willensbildungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse relevanten Akteurinnen und Akteure. Die von Robert Dahl formulierten Kriterien und Vorzüge der Demokratie werden ebenso diskutiert wie demokratietheoretisch relevante Themen während der Corona-Pandemie.
Das Sozial- und Gesundheitswesen aus ökonomischer Perspektive
Authors: Kehl Konstantin 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel stellt die ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen und Strukturmerkmale des Gesundheits- und Sozialwesens anhand von Kennzahlen zu öffentlichen und privaten Ausgaben für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherheit sowie Branchen- und Arbeitsmarktdaten dar. Es vergleicht die Ausgaben von Gemeinden, Kantonen und Bund und setzt die Schweiz ins Verhältnis zur Situation in anderen Staaten. Insbesondere fokussieren wir auf die Beschäftigungsentwicklung im Sozial- und Gesundheitswesen, die Entwicklung der Spitex und den vieldiskutierten Personalmangel in Gesundheitsberufen.
Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen im Spannungsfeld der Sektoren
Authors: Kehl Konstantin 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel verortet Sozial- und Gesundheitseinrichtungen zwischen Staat, Markt und dem Familien- bzw. Gemeinschaftssystem. Angelehnt an die Non-Profit-Theorie, zeigt es auf, wie sie neben ihrem Dienstleistungsangebot soziale, kulturelle und politische Beiträge zur Funktionsfähigkeit der Gesellschaft leisten. Die Leserinnen und Leser lernen, weshalb gemeinnützige (zivilgesellschaftliche), öffentliche und privatwirtschaftliche Leistungserbringende koexistieren und wie sie sich als Fach- und Führungspersonen politisch einzubringen vermögen.
Evolution of Next-Generation Communication Technology
Authors: Sil Riya , Chatterjee Ritwesh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this technological era of wireless communication, various Internet devices and Wi-Fi zone play a significant role in the fast growth of data usage. The communication of people has been revolutionized by mobile communication systems. The rapid increase in the number of users, higher data rate, and requirement for higher bandwidth and voluminous data has become a challenge for Internet service providers. All these requirements are expected to be met by the next-generation communication network. The evolution of next-generation communication technology aims to emphasize the user terminal development that will provide access to various technologies and combine several flows from numerous technologies. In this paper, the authors have provided a detailed overview of the various wireless communication technologies and how it can be enhanced in future. A comparative study of the different generations of communication technologies has been done which includes 1G which has contented the elementary mobile voice, and 2G which has familiarized us with capacity and coverage. The quest continued with 3G for high-speed data that in turn provided a true experience to mobile bandwidth with 4G and finally the next-generation communication technology—5G. The varied variety of telecommunication services such as advanced mobile services, with the help of mobile and fixed networks, can be accessed with the help of the Fourth Generation (4G). The technology in the Fifth Generation (5G) is more advanced, and intelligent and it interconnects with the entire world. Moreover, in this paper, the authors have discussed the various issues and challenges faced in the existing cellular network, the limitation of conventional cellular systems, and the reason for the need for next-generation communication technology. Also, a detailed study on 5G network communication has been deliberated.
Securing the IoT-Based Wireless Sensor Networks in 5G and Beyond
Authors: Ambika N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe previous contribution uses the k-means procedure to create clusters. It converts into a chain route when the threshold content goes beyond the energy of the devices in the system. The information transmitter fuel includes the power of the machine circuitry and the magnitude of facts communication and blowout. The vibrancy helps in communication circuitry. The knowledge packages ship to the destination. The architecture has two stages. The groups form during the clustering stage. The Optimal CBR method uses the k-means procedure to construct groups. It selects the cluster head based on the Euclidean length and device fuel. The verge posted by the group head to the individual set associates is the characteristic weight above which the machine transmits the data to the head. When two-thirds of the devices are lifeless, the instruments use the greedy procedure to construct a chain-like multiple-hop methodology to reach the base station. A beacon transmission is sent by the base station to the active devices in the chaining stage (when the energy of the nodes is lower). The base station creates the path using multiple-hop chain routing and the greedy technique. The devices send the notification to the base station using the chain track. The proposed work increases security by 9.67% when transmitting data and by 11.38% (device getting compromised).