bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of empathy in trolley problems and variants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nasello Julian A. , Triffaux Jean‐Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe role of empathy in morality is a subject of ongoing scientific debate due to the lack of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on this topic. To address this gap, we conducted a PRISMA‐based systematic quantitative review to investigate the role of empathy in moral judgements, decision‐making, and inclinations using trolley problems and variants, which are popular types of moral dilemmas that explore utilitarianism and deontology. We searched for articles in four databases (PsycINFO, Pubmed, WorldWideScience, and Scopus) and performed citation searches. Out of 661 records, we selected 34 that studied the associations between empathy and moral judgements, moral decision‐making, and/or moral inclinations. Six meta‐analyses and systematic reviews of these records consistently showed small to moderate associations between affective empathy and these moral parameters, particularly in personal moral dilemmas involving intentional harm (although some approaches highlighted more complex associations between these parameters). Regarding other empathy domains, most studies found limited or insignificant links between cognitive empathy domains and moral judgements, decision‐making, and inclinations. We discuss the nuances and implications of these results.
COVID‐19 as a factor associated with early dental implant failures: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Sezer Taygun , Soylu Emrah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the effect of COVID‐19 on early implant failures and identify potential risk factors for early implant failure, concerning patient‐ and implant‐related factors.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study is based on 1228 patients who received 4841 implants between March 11, 2020, and April 01, 2022, at Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry. COVID‐19, age and gender of patients, smoking, diabetes, irradiation, chemotherapy, osteoporosis, the implant system, location, and characteristics of implants were recorded. At the implant level, univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression was used to examine the effect of explanatory variables on early implant failure.ResultsThe early implant failure rate was 3.1% at the implant level and 10.4% at the patient level. Smokers showed a significantly higher incidence of early implant failures compared to nonsmokers. (odds ratio (OR; 95% CI): 2.140 (1.438–3.184); p < 0.001). Short implants (≤8 mm) had a higher risk of early implant failure than long implants (≥12 mm) (OR (95% CI): 2.089 (1.290–3.382); p = 0.003).ConclusionsCOVID‐19 had no significant effect on early implant failure. Smoking and short implants were associated with a higher risk for early implant failures.
Impact of vitamin D supplementation on markers of bone turnover: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sohouli Mohammad Hassan , Wang Sicong , Almuqayyid Faisal , Gabiatti Mariana Papini , Mozaffari Fateme , Mohamadian Zahra , Koushki Nazanin , Alras Kamar Allayl , AlHossan Abdullah M. , Albatati Saud K. , Alfardous Alazm Aya , Baradwan Saeed , Găman Mihnea‐Alexandru , Wang Sicheng , Abu‐Zaid Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThe effects of vitamin D administration on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in adults are controversial. Thus, we carried out a meta‐analysis of available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the impact of vitamin D supplementation on BTMs.MethodsTo identify relevant RCTs, we searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase databases for manuscripts published up to July 2022. The present study was conducted in agreement with the PRISMA guidelines. Weighed mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate the magnitude of the effect of the intervention.ResultsA total of 42 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. The age of the participants enrolled in the RCTs ranged from 19.4 to 84 years. The pooled results depicted a decrease in deoxypyridinoline (DPD) concentrations (WMD: −1.58 nmol/mmol, 95% CI: −2.55, −.61, p = .001) following vitamin D supplementation. In addition, subgroup analyses demonstrated that vitamin D administration notably reduced procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide (PINP) levels in individuals aged >50 years and led to a pronounced decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values when the intervention lasted >12 weeks. No significant effect was observed on other BTMs, for example, collagen type 1 cross‐linked C‐telopeptide (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC) levels.ConclusionVitamin D administration decreases DPD, PINP and ALP levels, indicating a reduced bone turnover following the intervention. Other BTMs, for example, CTX or OC values, were not affected by vitamin D prescription. Vitamin D supplementation may exert a positive effect on some important BTMs.
Bone marrow Ki‐67 index is of prognostic value in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Atrash Shebli , Robinson Myra , Taneja Alankrita , Paul Barry , Cassetta Kristen , Ndiaye Ami , Varga Cindy , Block Jared , Lipford Edward H. , Smith Elton T. , McCall Chad M. , Thurston Virginia , Foureau David , Usmani Saad Z. , Voorhees Peter M. , Bhutani Manisha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundKi‐67 is an index of proliferative activity and is an established predictive and prognostic marker in multiple malignancies. However, its prognostic relevance in multiple myeloma (MM) is unclear. We investigated the relationship between Ki‐67 expression and survival outcomes in MM in the era of novel therapies.MethodsWe interrogated our database to identify patients with MM, newly diagnosed between July 1, 2013 and December 31, 2020, with Ki‐67 expression assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on bone marrow biopsies. Using an established threshold of 5% we defined Ki‐67low (≤5%) and Ki‐67high (>5%) subgroups for association with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsOf 167 patients included: 53 (31.7%) had Ki‐67high and 114 had Ki‐67low. More patients with R‐ISS 3 had Ki‐67high (22.2% vs. 9.7%). The gain of 1q21 was overrepresented in the Ki‐67high group (28% vs. 8%). Median PFS in the Ki‐67low group was 3.1 years, and in the Ki‐67high group 1.6 years (log‐rank p < .001, HR: 1.9). Median OS was not reached in the Ki‐67low vs. 4.8 years in the Ki‐67high cohort (HR: 1.9; log‐rank test: p = .018). In the multivariable modeling, after adjusting for other risk factors, HR for Ki‐67high versus Ki‐67low was 2.4 (p < .001) for PFS and 2.1 (p = .026) for OS.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that a high Ki‐67 index (>5%) is an independent prognostic marker associated with worse OS and PFS in newly diagnosed MM. IHC staining for Ki‐67 on bone marrow biopsies could be easily adopted as a prognostic biomarker for MM in economically constrained healthcare settings.
Estimating trends and magnitudes of bycatch in the tuna fisheries of the Western and Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Peatman Tom , Allain Valerie , Bell Lui , Muller Berry , Panizza Aurélien , Phillip Naiten B. , Pilling Graham , Nicol Simon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMinimising the unintended capture of fish, marine mammals, reptiles, seabirds and other marine organisms is an important component of responsible fisheries management and for stabilising declines and rebuilding populations of threatened species. The analyses presented were designed to establish the first quantitative baseline of historical catches, catch rates and species composition for the dominant tuna fisheries operating in the western and central Pacific, the world's largest in terms of tuna catch. Using records from 612,148 fishing events collected by independent ‘at sea’ observers, estimates for finfish, billfish, elasmobranchs, marine mammals and sea turtles show that the composition and magnitude of catches varied considerably by fishery type and practice for the period 2003–2019. Simulations indicated that precision in longline estimates would be improved by monitoring a proportion of fishing sets from all fishing trips rather than full coverage from a proportion of all fishing trips. While attributing reasons for temporal trends in estimated bycatch was difficult due to the confounding impacts of changing abundances and fishing practices, the trends identified the nature of potential relationships for species that are not accurately quantified, or not covered, by fishing vessel logbooks. The trends in catch estimates, and the catch rate models, have utility in identifying species which may require targeted additional analyses and management interventions, including species of conservation interest (either due to their threatened status or vulnerability to fishing) such as elasmobranchs and sea turtles. Moreover, the estimates should support future evaluations of the impact of these industrial‐scale fisheries on bycatch species.
Remission of refractory Crohn's disease with anti‐IL‐12/23 therapy in a patient undergoing hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Spathakis Michail , Filidou Eirini , Kolios George , Papazoglou Dimitrios , Vradelis Stergios 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCrohn's disease is a relapsing chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine with increasing prevalence around the world. Biologic therapies are currently widely used and have proved safe and effective in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease. However, contemporary bibliography contains little information about the use of these drugs in patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Here we present a case of a 47‐year‐old female patient with treatment‐refractory Crohn's disease on hemodialysis. In this patient, treatment with the anti‐IL‐12/23 receptor antibody ustekinumab was effective in inducing and maintaining remission while being safe in administering throughout hemodialysis.
Co‐development of a school‐based and primary care‐based multicomponent intervention to improve HPV vaccine coverage amongst French adolescents (the PrevHPV Study)
Authors: Bocquier Aurélie , Bruel Sébastien , Michel Morgane , Le Duc‐Banaszuk Anne‐Sophie , Bonnay Stéphanie , Branchereau Marion , Chevreul Karine , Chyderiotis Sandra , Gauchet Aurélie , Giraudeau Bruno , Hagiu Dragos‐Paul , Mueller Judith E. , Gagneux‐Brunon Amandine , Thilly Nathalie ,   PrevHPV Study Group
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite various efforts to improve human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage in France, it has always been lower than in most other high‐income countries. The health authorities launched in 2018 the national PrevHPV research programme to (1) co‐develop with stakeholders and (2) evaluate the impact of a multicomponent complex intervention aimed at improving HPV vaccine coverage amongst French adolescents.ObjectiveTo describe the development process of the PrevHPV intervention using the GUIDance for rEporting of intervention Development framework as a guide.MethodsTo develop the intervention, we used findings from (1) published evidence on effective strategies to improve vaccination uptake and on theoretical frameworks of health behaviour change; (2) primary data on target populations' knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, behaviours and practices as well as the facilitators and barriers to HPV vaccination collected as part of the PrevHPV Programme and (3) the advice of working groups involving stakeholders in a participatory approach. We paid attention to developing an intervention that would maximise reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance in real‐world contexts.ResultsWe co‐developed three components: (1) adolescents' and parents' education and motivation using eHealth tools (web conferences, videos, and a serious video game) and participatory learning at school; (2) general practitioners' e‐learning training on HPV using motivational interviewing techniques and provision of a decision aid tool and (3) easier access to vaccination through vaccination days organised on participating middle schools' premises to propose free of charge initiation of the HPV vaccination.ConclusionWe co‐developed a multicomponent intervention that addresses a range of barriers and enablers of HPV vaccination. The next step is to build on the results of its evaluation to refine it before scaling it up if proven efficient. If so, it will add to the small number of multicomponent interventions aimed at improving HPV vaccination worldwide.Patient or Public ContributionThe public (adolescents, their parents, school staff and health professionals) participated in the needs assessment using a mixed methods approach. The public was also involved in the components' development process to generate ideas about potential activities/tools, critically revise the successive versions of the tools and provide advice about the intervention practicalities, feasibility and maintenance.
Enhancing magnetic levitation and guidance force and weight efficiency of high‐temperature superconducting maglev systems by using sliced bulk YBCO
Authors: Abdioglu Murat , Ozturk U. Kemal , Guner Sait Baris , Ozturk Mehmet , Mollahasanoglu Hakki , Yanmaz Ekrem 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe aimed to enhance the magnetic force efficiency of Maglev systems without increasing total weight. For this aim, we divided YBCO bulks into three slices horizontally to utilize the YBCO‐permanent magnetic guideway (PMG) interaction surface as much as possible. We used whole YBCO above PMGs with different magnetic pole directions (PMG‐A and PMG‐B) in two lying positions of transversal and longitudinal and investigated levitation and guidance force performances. It is determined that levitation and guidance forces by using YBCO in transversal lying mode are bigger compared to the longitudinal mode. For sliced YBCO, the maximum levitation force increased by 69% and 78%, while the guidance force enhancements are determined as 212% and 91%, compared to the whole YBCO above PMG‐A and PMG‐B, respectively. The levitation and guidance force density with respect to the total mass of unit a set of slices YBCO increased by 92% and 106%, respectively, compared to the whole YBCO above PMG‐B in transversal mode. Since the higher levitation force and the lower total weight of the onboard unit are important parameters in point of the energy efficiency in Maglev and other levitation applications, the result of this study supplies useful data for the engineers and industrial partners.
Improved collapse properties of silica‐based ceramic cores via flexibly regulating cristobalite content
Authors: Qin Yi , Cheng Ya‐Ni , Li Jian‐Qiang , Zhang Hai‐Hong , Zhu Jian‐Feng , Zhao Ting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough silica‐based ceramic cores have important applications in the precision casting of metallic devices, their high‐temperature stability and removal performances are seriously affected by the liquid phase sintered fused silica. Herein, we develop a manufacturing strategy of high‐collapse silica‐based ceramic core via using cristobalite crystals as the sintering inhibitor, waterglass as the binder, and injection moulding at 100°C and 80 MPa, followed by heat treatment simulating the casting process for sintering at 1200°C and 1500°C. The results demonstrated that the addition of cristobalite crystals could effectively form the core skeleton to ensure high‐temperature performance. Meanwhile, it inhibited the liquid flow during sintering and induced the crytsallization from fused SiO2 glass into cristobalite crystals, and the resulting plenty of micropores and microcracks within the microstructure effectively improve the removal performance. Especially, the porosity was highest up to 35.36% and the flexural strength was only 6.74 MPa when the addition of cristobalite reached 45%, realizing a 100% removing by high‐frequency and fast‐speed specific mechanical vibration. And, the casting is guaranteed to be flat and free of defects. This work provides a simple and flexible strategy to manufacture high‐collapse silica‐based ceramic cores, which can be removed by specific mechanical vibration without immersion in acid or alkali solutions after casting.
Adherence to limiting weight‐bearing activity in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A qualitative study
Authors: Hancox Jennie E. , Hilton Charlotte , Gray Katie , Game Fran , Vedhara Kavita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPatients with diabetic foot ulcers are advised to limit weight‐bearing activity for ulcers to heal. Patients often disregard this advice although the reasons are not yet fully understood. This study explored (1) patients' experiences of receiving the advice and (2) factors influencing adherence to the advice. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Advice regarding limiting weight‐bearing activity was described by patients as directive, generic and conflicting with other priorities. Rapport, empathy and rationale supported receptivity to the advice. Barriers and facilitators to limiting weight‐bearing activity included demands of daily living, enjoyment of exercise, sick/disabled identity and burden, depression, neuropathy/pain, health benefits, fear of negative consequences, positive feedback, practical support, weather and active/passive role in recovery. It is important that healthcare professionals pay attention to how limiting weight‐bearing activity advice is communicated. We propose a more person‐centred approach in which advice is tailored to individuals' specific needs with discussion around patient priorities and constraints.
Ethnography in‐sight: Amasonic politics1
Authors: Kummels Ingrid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe photo captured in 2018 during a one‐week stopover on a trip between two Central Rainforest regions of Peru is the point of departure for a reflection on the use of sound by Asháninka, Nomatsiguenga, and other rainforest peoples for “Amasonic” politics. A wide span of genres ranging from autochthonous songs produced by ensembles playing percussions and pan‐flutes to school bands performing military marches is key when rainforest peoples exert pressure in the provincial capital to obtain land titles and other rights. Asháninka and Nomatsiguenga leaders also create soundscapes pervaded by politics at local gatherings to consume manioc beer and ally with supporters to enhance their demands. Disputes take place within these shared soundscapes, as evidenced by a Mother's Day celebrations at which Indigenous and nonindigenous school teachers chose diverging music and dances for their grades to perform because of disagreement about what is essential for the Peruvian repertoire.
Hyaluronidase‐facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin 10% as maintenance therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: The ADVANCE‐CIDP 1 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bril Vera , Hadden Robert D. M. , Brannagan Thomas H. , Bar Michal , Chroni Elisabeth , Rejdak Konrad , Rivero Alberto , Andersen Henning , Latov Norman , Levine Todd , Pasnoor Mamatha , Sacconi Sabrina , Souayah Nizar , Anderson‐Smits Colin , Duff Kim , Greco Erin , Hasan Shabbir , Li Zhaoyang , Yel Leman , Ay Hakan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsADVANCE‐CIDP 1 evaluated facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (fSCIG; human immunoglobulin G 10% with recombinant human hyaluronidase) efficacy and safety in preventing chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) relapse.MethodsADVANCE‐CIDP 1 was a phase 3, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial conducted at 54 sites in 21 countries. Eligible adults had definite or probable CIDP and adjusted Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability scores of 0–7 (inclusive), and received stable intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for ≥12 weeks before screening. After stopping IVIG, patients were randomized 1:1 to fSCIG 10% or placebo for 6 months or until relapse/discontinuation. fSCIG 10% was administered at the same dose (or matching placebo volume) and interval as pre‐randomization IVIG. The primary outcome was patient proportion experiencing CIDP relapse (≥1‐point increase in adjusted INCAT score from pre‐subcutaneous treatment baseline) in the modified intention‐to‐treat population. Secondary outcomes included time to relapse and safety endpoints.ResultsOverall, 132 patients (mean age 54.4 years, 56.1% male) received fSCIG 10% (n = 62) or placebo (n = 70). CIDP relapse was reduced with fSCIG 10% versus placebo (n = 6 [9.7%; 95% confidence interval 4.5%, 19.6%] vs n = 22 [31.4%; 21.8%, 43.0%], respectively; absolute difference: −21.8% [−34.5%, −7.9%], p = .0045). Relapse probability was higher with placebo versus fSCIG 10% over time (p = .002). Adverse events (AEs) were more frequent with fSCIG 10% (79.0% of patients) than placebo (57.1%), but severe (1.6% vs 8.6%) and serious AEs (3.2% vs 7.1%) were less common.InterpretationfSCIG 10% more effectively prevented CIDP relapse than placebo, supporting its potential use as maintenance CIDP treatment.
LC–MS profiling‐based non‐targeted secondary metabolite screening for deciphering cosmeceutical potential of Malaysian algae
Authors: Lim Min Wen , Yow Yoon‐Yen , Gew Lai Ti 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundApplication of natural resources from the marine environment in the cosmeceutical industry is gaining great attention.AimThis study pursues to discover the cosmeceutical potential of two Malaysian algae, Sargassum sp. and Kappaphycus sp. by determining their antioxidant capacity and assessing the presence of their secondary metabolites with cosmeceutical potential using non‐targeted metabolite profiling.MethodsMetabolite profiling using Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight (Q‐TOF) liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in the Electrospray Ionization (ESI) mode resulted in 110 putative metabolites in Sargassum sp. and 47 putative metabolites in Kappaphycus sp. and were grouped according to their functions. To the best of our knowledge, the bioactive compounds of both algae have not been studied in any great detail. This is the first report to explore their cosmeceutical potential.ResultsSix antioxidants were detected in Sargassum sp., including fucoxanthin, (3S, 4R, 3'R)‐4‐Hydroxyalloxanthin, enzacamene N‐stearoyl valine, 2‐hydroxy‐hexadecanoic acid, and metalloporphyrins. Meanwhile, three antioxidants detected in Kappahycus sp., namely Tanacetol A, 2‐fluoro palmitic acid and idebenone metabolites. Three antioxidants are found in both algae species, namely, 3‐tert‐Butyl‐5‐methylcatechol, (−)‐isoamijiol, and (6S)‐dehydrovomifoliol. Anti‐inflammatory metabolites such as 5(R)‐HETE, protoverine, phytosphingosine, 4,5‐Leukotriene‐A4, and 5Z‐octadecenoic acid were also found in both species. Sargassum sp. possesses higher antioxidant capacity as compared to Kappahycus sp. which may be linked to its number of antioxidant compounds found through LC–MS.ConclusionsHence, our results conclude that Malaysian Sargassum sp. and Kappaphycus sp. are potential natural cosmeceutical ingredients as we aim to produce algae cosmeceutical products using native algae.