bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic emergency care course and longitudinal mentorship completed in a rural Neno District, Malawi: A feasibility, acceptability, and impact study
Authors: Khongo Brown David , Schmiedeknecht Kelly , Aron Moses Banda , Nyangulu Prisca Nelisa , Mazengera Wellington , Ndarama Enoch , Tenner Andrea G. , Baltzell Kimberly , Connolly Emilia 
Published: February 2023

Background
Frontline providers mostly outside specific emergency areas deliver emergency care around the world, yet often they do not receive dedicated training in managing emergency conditions. When designed for low-resource settings, emergency care training has been shown to improve provider skills, facilitate efficient use of available resources, and reduce death and disability by ensuring timely access to life-saving care.

Methods
The WHO/ICRC Basic Emergency Care (BEC) Course with follow up longitudinal mentorship for 6 months was implemented in rural Neno District Malawi from September 2019-April 2020. We completed a mixed-methods analysis of the course and mentorship included mentor and participant surveys and feedback, mentorship quantification, and participant examination results. Simple descriptive statistics and boxplot visuals were used to describe participant demographics and mentorship quantification with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate pre- and post-test scores. Qualitative feedback from participants and mentors were inductively analyzed using Dedoose.

Results
The median difference of BEC course examination percentage score between participants before the BEC course and immediately following the course was 18.0 (95% CI 14.0–22.0; p<0.001). Examination scores from the one-year post-test was lower but sustained above the pre-course test score with a median difference of 11.9 (95% CI 4.0–16.0; p<0.009). There were 174 mentorship activities with results suggesting that a higher number of mentorship touches and hours of mentor-mentee interactions may assist in sustained knowledge test scores. Reported strengths included course delivery approach leading to improved knowledge with mentorship enhancing skills, learning and improved confidence. Suggestions for improvement included more contextualized training and increased mentorship.

Conclusion
The BEC course and subsequent longitudinal mentorship were feasible and acceptable to participants and mentors in the Malawian low resource context. Follow-up longitudinal mentorship was feasible and acceptable and is likely important to cementing the course concepts for long-term retention of knowledge and skills.
Changes in the vitreous body after experimental vitreous hemorrhage in rabbit: An interdisciplinary study
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Yan Weijia , Yan Hong 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
To explore the changes in vitreous body after vitreous hemorrhage and assess its prognosis from the perspective of vitreoretinal interface.

Methods
The experiment was performed on 32 New Zealand rabbits (64 eyes), weighing 2500–3000 g for 4 months and unlimited gender, which was injected with 0.2 mL of autologous blood into the center of vitreous cavity–the study group (right eyes), and the control one was treated in the same manner with equal volumes of saline. The rabbits were randomly and equally divided into the following four batches according to the days of observation: Days 3, 7, 14, and 30 after injection. IOP and severity grading were evaluated before rabbits’ execution and eyeballs were enucleated. The anterior segment was separated to flow out the vitreous body naturally to detect the liquefaction degree and viscosity. Then, chemical composition of electrolytes, PCT and bFGF were determined by colorimetry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, the incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was observed after vitreous sampled. The studies were double-blind.

Results
After injection, the extent of vitreous opacity and coagulum size decreased over time. Both the degree of liquefaction and the length of tow differed significantly between two groups at different time points (all p < 0.001). The liquefaction degree in the study group rose obviously from the Day 14, which the viscosity declined significantly on the initial time. Biochemical markers fluctuated temporarily, except for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which continued to rise and was correlated with the liquefaction degree (r = 0.658, p < 0.001). Besides, the incidence of PVD increased from the 14th day (p < 0.05), and it was highly positively correlated with the number of macrophages (r = 0.934; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
After vitreous hemorrhage, the changes of the vitreous body are relatively minor earlier (2–4 weeks), but irreversible later. Specifically, the degree of liquefaction increases with a decrease in viscosity, and the chemotaxis of macrophages and bFGF induce incomplete PVD.
The role of the T-cell mediated immune response to Cytomegalovirus infection in intrauterine transmission
Authors: Soriano-Ramos María , Esquivel-De la Fuente Estrella , Albert Vicent Eliseo , de la Calle María , Baquero-Artigao Fernando , Domínguez-Rodríguez Sara , Cabanes María , Gómez-Montes Enery , Goncé Anna , Valdés-Bango Marta , Viñuela-Benéitez Mª Carmen , Muñoz-Chápuli Gutiérrez Mar , Saavedra-Lozano Jesús , Cuadrado Pérez Irene , Encinas Begoña , Castells Vilella Laura , de la Serna Martínez María , Tagarro Alfredo , Rodríguez-Molino Paula , Giménez Quiles Estela , García Alcázar Diana , García Burguillo Antonio , Folgueira María Dolores , Navarro David , Blázquez-Gamero Daniel ,   the CYTRIC Study Group
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Prognostic markers for fetal transmission of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy are poorly understood. Maternal CMV-specific T-cell responses may help prevent fetal transmission and thus, we set out to assess whether this may be the case in pregnant women who develop a primary CMV infection.

Methods
A multicenter prospective study was carried out at 8 hospitals in Spain, from January 2017 to April 2020. Blood samples were collected from pregnant women at the time the primary CMV infection was diagnosed to assess the T-cell response. Quantitative analysis of interferon producing specific CMV-CD8+/CD4+ cells was performed by intracellular cytokine flow cytometry.

Results
In this study, 135 pregnant women with a suspected CMV infection were evaluated, 60 of whom had a primary CMV infection and samples available. Of these, 24 mothers transmitted the infection to the fetus and 36 did not. No association was found between the presence of specific CD4 or CD8 responses against CMV at the time maternal infection was diagnosed and the risk of fetal transmission. There was no transmission among women with an undetectable CMV viral load in blood at diagnosis.

Conclusions
In this cohort of pregnant women with a primary CMV infection, no association was found between the presence of a CMV T-cell response at the time of maternal infection and the risk of intrauterine transmission. A detectable CMV viral load in the maternal blood at diagnosis of the primary maternal infection may represent a relevant biomarker associated with fetal transmission.
Protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of factors associated with non-adherence to antidepressants in depressive disorders in those more than 18 years of age
Authors: Dhungana Saraswati , Rijal Rojal , Regmi Binit , Bajracharya Jala Shree , Sharma Subriddhi , Singh Sunil , Karn Nilam , Chapagai Manisha 
Published: February 2023

Objective
We have developed a protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of the factors associated with nonadherence to antidepressants in depressive patients more than 18 years of age.

Methods
We will search articles with the databases PubMed- Medline, Scopus, Embase and PsychINFO. All the published literature reporting factors associated with nonadherence to antidepressants in depressive disorders in patients more than 18 years of age and fulfilling all the eligibility criteria till October 2022 will be included. The data will then be extracted and examined to be included in the systematic review. Finally, we will conduct meta-analysis for factors associated with non-adherence.

Conclusion
We will do extensive search on the proposed topic within the available literature and come up with a robust review of factors associated with nonadherence to antidepressants in patients age more than 18 years globally. The evidence generated would assist in designing interventions to address non-adherence in this group of patients leading to better productivity and quality of life.
Proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated factors among pregnant women admitted into the obstetrics ward at Akesta general hospital, North East Ethiopia
Authors: Adane Kassaye Demewez , Zerga Aregash Abebayehu , Gebeyehu Fikre Bayu , Ayele Fanos Yeshanew 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition of intractable vomiting during pregnancy that leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, nutrition deficiency and weight loss often requiring hospital admission. Approximately 0.3%-10.8% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy. It has been associated with both maternal and fetal morbidity. There is limited evidence about the proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated factors in the study area.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated factors among pregnant women admitted into the obstetric ward at Akesta General Hospital, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia.

Methods
This is hospital-based cross-sectional study of 355 pregnant mothers in Akesta general hospital in northeast Ethiopia from September 1/2018- to August 30 /2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the patient card from the whole admission of pregnant women cards during the study period. The diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum include persistent vomiting not related to other causes, an objective measure of acute starvation, electrolyte abnormalities and acid-base disturbances, as well as weight loss. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was reported to show the strength of the association. Statistical significance was stated at P-value < 0.05.

Results
The proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum was 11.3%. Women with previous history of hyperemesis gravidarum AOR (95%CI) = 10.9[2.46, 48.44], previous history of urinary tract infection AOR (95%CI) = 4.32[1.58, 11.86], previous history of gastrointestinal disease AOR (95% CI) = 4.12[1.40, 12.65], history of abortion AOR (95% CI) = 6.23[2.24, 17.52] were factors significantly associated with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Conclusion
In this study, the overall hospital proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum was high. History of gastrointestinal disease, previous history of urinary tract infection, history of hyperemesis gravidarum, and history of abortion were the major risk factors.
Psychological distress and quality of life among Opioid Agonist Treatment service users with a history of injecting and non-injecting drug use: A cross-sectional study in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Pant Sagun Ballav , Thapa Suraj Bahadur , Howard John , Ojha Saroj Prasad , Lien Lars 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundOpioid use disorder is a serious public health problem in Nepal. People who use opioids often experience psychological distress and poor quality of life. Opioid agonist Treatment (OAT) is central in managing opioid dependence. This study aimed to examine factors associated with quality of life and serious psychological distress among OAT service users in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal and compare those who had injected opioids prior to OAT and those who had not.MethodsA cross-sectional study with 231 was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire, the Nepalese versions of the Kessler 6 psychological distress scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to examine factors associated with quality of life and serious psychological distress.ResultsMost participants were males (92%) and about half had injected opioids before initiating OAT. Serious psychological distress in the past four weeks was significantly more prevalent among participants with a history of injecting (32.2%) than those who did not inject (15.9%). In the adjusted linear regression model, those who had history of injecting were likely to have lower physical quality of life compared to non-injectors. Those self-reporting a past history of mental illness were more than seven times and those with medical comorbidity twice more likely to have serious psychological distress over last four weeks. Lower socioeconomic status and a history of self-reported mental illness in the past were found to be significantly associated with lower quality of life on all four domains.ConclusionThose who had history of injecting were younger, had frequent quit attempts, higher medical comorbidity, lower socioeconomic status and remained longer in OAT services. Alongside OAT, the complex and entangled needs of service users, especially those with a history of injecting drugs, need to be addressed to improve quality of life and lessen psychological distress.
The APOBEC3B cytidine deaminase is an adenovirus restriction factor
Authors: Lejeune Noémie , Mathieu Sarah , Decloux Alexandra , Poulain Florian , Blockx Zoé , Raymond Kyle A. , Willemart Kévin , Vartanian Jean-Pierre , Suspène Rodolphe , Gillet Nicolas A. 
Published: February 2023

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a large family of DNA viruses counting more than a hundred strains divided into seven species (A to G). HAdVs induce respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis and conjunctivitis. APOBEC3B is a cytidine deaminase that restricts several DNA viruses. APOBEC3B is also implicated in numerous cancers where it is responsible for the introduction of clustered mutations into the cellular genome.
In this study, we demonstrate that APOBEC3B is an adenovirus restriction factor acting through a deaminase-dependent mechanism. APOBEC3B introduces C-to-T clustered mutations into the adenovirus genome. APOBEC3B reduces the propagation of adenoviruses by limiting viral genome replication, progression to late phase, and production of infectious virions. APOBEC3B restriction efficiency varies between adenoviral strains, the A12 strain being more sensitive to APOBEC3B than the B3 or C2 strains. In A12-infected cells, APOBEC3B clusters in the viral replication centers. Importantly, we show that adenovirus infection leads to a reduction of the quantity and/or enzymatic activity of the APOBEC3B protein depending on the strains. The A12 strain seems less able to resist APOBEC3B than the B3 or C2 strains, a characteristic which could explain the strong depletion of the APOBEC3-targeted motifs in the A12 genome.
These findings suggest that adenoviruses evolved different mechanisms to antagonize APOBEC3B. Elucidating these mechanisms could benefit the design of cancer treatments. This study also identifies adenoviruses as triggers of the APOBEC3B-mediated innate response. The involvement of certain adenoviral strains in the genesis of the APOBEC3 mutational signature observed in tumors deserves further study.
Kounis Syndrome Associated With the Use of Diclofenac
Authors: Pejcic Ana V. , Milosavljevic Milos N. , Jankovic Slobodan , Davidovic Goran , Folic Marko M. , Folic Nevena D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Diclofenac is a widely used analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic drug. In several case reports, its use was associated with the occurrence of Kounis syndrome. The aim of this review was to investigate and summarize published cases of Kounis syndrome suspected to be associated with the use of diclofenac.

Methods
Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Serbian Citation Index.

Results
Twenty publications describing the 20 patients who met inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review. Specified patient ages ranged from 34 to 81 years. Eighteen (90.0%) patients were male. Five patients (25.0%) reported a previous reaction to diclofenac. Reported time from the used dose of diclofenac to onset of the first reaction symptoms ranged from immediately to 5 hours. Diclofenac caused both type I and type II Kounis syndrome, with the presence of various cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and respiratory signs and symptoms. Most patients experienced hypotension (n = 15 [75.0%]) and chest pain (n = 12 [60.0%]). The most frequently reported finding on electrocardiogram was ST-segment elevations (n = 17 [85.0%]). Coronary angiogram showed normal coronary vessels in 9 patients (45.0%), with some pathologic findings in 8 patients (40.0%).

Conclusion
Clinicians should be aware that Kounis syndrome may be an adverse effect of diclofenac. Prompt recognition and withdrawal of the drug, with treatment of both allergic and cardiac symptoms simultaneously, is important.
RANCANG BANGUN MEJA COLET ULTRAVIOLET UNTUK PRA-OKSIDASI ZAT WARNA INDIGOSOL DALAM PEWARNAAN BATIK MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN SISTEMATIS PAHL DAN BEITZ
Authors: Amalia Amalia , Tjahyono Rudi , Jazuli Jazuli , Syamwil Rodia 
Published: February 2023

Inovasi teknologi di industri batik mengalami perkembangan dan diharapkan mampu mendorong akselerasi industrialisasi. Proses pewarnaan merupakan proses penting dalam menghasilkan batik dengan nilai estetika dan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Teknik pewarnaan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik pewarnaan colet menggunakan zat warna Indigosol. Zat warna Indigosol merupakan salah satu zat warna sintetis yang menghasilkan warna pastel dan memerlukan penyinaran sinar matahari terik sebagai tahapan pra-oksidasi. Permasalahan muncul manakala cuaca mendung atau hujan. Proses pewarnaan menjadi tidak optimal atau bahkan tidak dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan solusi bagi permasalahan diskontinuitas produksi kain batik coletan dengan warna Indigosol. Rancang bangun meja colet menggunakan pendekatan Pahl dan Beitz. Berdasarkan pendekatan sistematis, dihasilkan rancangan meja colet dengan menggunakan teknologi ultraviolet sebagai pengganti sinar matahari yang digerakkan otomatis dengan mikrokontroler. Meja colet ini telah di-uji-cobakan secara fungsional dan memberikan hasil pewarnaan yang cerah disesuaikan dengan lamanya penyinaran. Abstract[The Design of Colet or Staining Process Workbench with Ultraviolet for Pre-Oxidation of Indigosol Dyes Using Pahl and Beitz Systematic Approach] Technological innovation in the batik industry is experiencing developments that can encourage the acceleration of industrialization. The coloring process is an important process in producing batik with high aesthetic and economic value. The coloring process studied in this paper is the Colet staining technique using Indigosol dyes. Indigosol dye is a synthetic dye that produces soft colors and requires bright sunlight as a pre-oxidation stage. Problems arise when the weather is cloudy or rainy. The coloring process becomes not optimal or even impossible to produce. This study aims to provide a solution to the problem of discontinuity in the production of Coletan batik cloth with Indigosol dyes. The design of Colet Workbench using the Pahl and Beitz approach. Based on a systematic approach, a Colet Workbench design was produced using ultraviolet technology as a substitute for the sunlight which is driven automatically by a microcontroller. The Colet workbench has been tested functionally and provides bright staining results according to the length of irradiation.Keywords: engineering design; pencoletan; indigosol; Pahl and Beitz
Why C-reactive protein is one of the most requested tests in clinical laboratories?
Authors: Plebani Mario 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein which is synthesized by the liver in response to the secretion of several inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). CRP was the first acute-phase protein to be described and adopted in clinical laboratories as an exquisitely sensitive systemic marker of inflammation and tissue damage. The measurement of CRP is widely used for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory conditions, including sepsis, trauma, and malignancies. In the last decades, impressive advances in analytical methods (from qualitative to high-sensitivity assays), automation and availability of results in a short time, not only translated in an increasing demand for the right management of systemic inflammatory diseases, but also in evaluating subclinical inflammatory processes underlying atherothrombotic events. CRP measurement is one of the most requested laboratory tests for both the wide range of clinical conditions in which it may assure a valuable information and some analytical advantages due to the evidence that it is a “robust biomarker”. Even recently, the measurement of CRP received new interest, particularly as a biomarker of severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it deserves further concern for improving demand appropriateness and result interpretation.
Export Boosting Policies and Firm Performance: Review of Empirical Evidence Around the World
Authors: Srhoj Stjepan , Vitezić Vanja , Wagner Joachim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
How effective are government policy attempts to boost firm exports in the short-run? We answer this question by conducting a review of 33 studies from 26 countries around the world, and provide nine findings. Export boosting policies are defined as a group of public policies that aim to increase firm exports in the short-run. These include policies such as export promotion, export-oriented public grants, public export guarantee schemes and subsidised export loans. Our review provides insights into policy effectiveness with respect to extensive and intensive export margins, as well as firms’ production function inputs and its outputs. The heterogeneity of effects across firm characteristics is emphasised, and the discussion is enriched with new evidence of spillover effects from export boosting policies. Finally, we summarise back-of-the-envelope calculations of the cost-benefit analysis and provide recommendations for future research.
Cardinality increasing of SAC-OCDMA system using novel decoder design
Authors: Bouhezila Laouni , Bouarfa Abdelkader , Garadi Ahmed , Bensaad Abdellah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The large number of active users that optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) offers makes it an attractive technology choice. OCDMA loses its noise immunity due to non-ideal correlation since the maximum auto-correlation and minimum cross-correlation detection technique is required in OCDMA systems. There are several detection techniques like complementary detection, direct detection, etc. This paper presents a new detection technique that is particularly suited for SAC-OCDAM systems with FCZ codes. The simulation results showed that by overcoming the effects of the MAI, significant performance improvements can be achieved.