bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world analysis of treatment patterns and survival outcome of glioblastoma patients in a German single-center study: Can survival rates of randomized controlled trials be achieved?
Authors: Paus Samuel , Hoffmann Johannes , Roeper Julia , Griesinger Frank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The reported survival data for glioblastoma patients vary strongly between different studies. In our study, we therefore examined which data are applicable in a real-world population in a German center and how these real-world data perform in comparison to survival data presented in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods
Data of all patients treated with newly diagnosed glioblastoma in a single German center between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed and treatment patterns plus survival rates were matched to existing real-world data and results of RCTs.

Results
Two hundred thirty-three patients were analyzed. Median age was 63 years, f/m ratio was 1:162, and 73% of patients underwent surgery, while 27% had biopsy only. The extent of resection had a significant impact on overall survival (OS; P &lt;.001), as well as age (P &lt;.001), methylguanine methyltransferase methylation status (P &lt;.001), and eastern cooperative oncology group performance status (P &lt;.001). The median OS of our whole study population was 10.55 months. While a fictitious Stupp study cohort (built by using eligibility criteria of the EORTC-22981-26981 trial) with an OS of 14.3 months nearly achieved the survival results of the presented data from the EORTC-22981-26981 trial, the OS of the patients who did not fulfill the eligibility criteria was only 6.9 months.

Conclusion
Survival of patients with unfavorable prognostic factors is still poor and these patients are not represented in recent RCTs. Outcome data of RCTs can be transferred to real world cohorts, if in- and exclusion criteria are fulfilled, while outcome is significantly inferior in cohorts that do not fulfill these criteria.
Assessing the Impact of Messages About Reduced Nicotine Cigar Products Among People Who Use Little Cigars and Cigarillos: Insights From a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Ntansah Charity A , Popova Lucy , Hardin James W , Kim Minji , Sterling Kymberle L , Reynolds Reed M , Hackworth Emily E , Ashley David L , Henderson Katherine C , Yang Bo , Thrasher James F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) pursuit of a low nicotine standard for cigarettes raises concerns that a focus on cigarettes may encourage people to use other combusted tobacco products, undermining the policy’s effectiveness. The FDA is considering expanding the policy to include cigar products, which will require effective messages for people who use those products.

Aims and Methods
In 2022, a discrete choice experiment was conducted with African American males and females and White males and females. Participants (n = 1722), aged 18–44 years and who had smoked little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs) in the past 30 days, evaluated seven message attributes about reduced nicotine content (RNC) LCCs (presence or absence of information on source, chemicals, harm, nicotine, addiction, quitting efficacy, and enjoyment) across 20 choice sets. Participants assessed two of three outcomes: affect toward the policy, perceived harm of RNC LCCs, and motivation to quit smoking LCCs.

Results
Messages listing the FDA as the source were selected as eliciting more positive affect toward the policy, increasing perceived harm and motivation to quit smoking LCCs. Source was the most influential attribute for selecting messages in terms of positive affect toward the policy and motivation to quit. Chemicals and harm attributes had the most substantial effect on selecting messages as increasing perceived harm.

Conclusions
Citing the FDA as a source may improve the perceived effectiveness of RNC communications for people who use LCCs. Misperceptions about presumed lower harms of RNC products can be corrected with information about their harm and chemical properties.

Implications
Our findings among people who use LCCs suggest that source information shown as the FDA logo can increase message effectiveness while also influencing risk perceptions and motivation to quit smoking LCCs. To address misperceptions about RNC LCC harms, educational messages should particularly consider incorporating information about chemicals and harms.
Co-occurring Change in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) and Cigarette Harm Perceptions and Use in Young Adults
Authors: Caouette Justin D , Epstein Marina , Halvorson Max A , Danzo Sarah , Kuklinski Margaret R , Oesterle Sabrina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may contribute to cigarette use and nicotine addiction by shifting perceptions and norms around tobacco, but little is known about whether or how ENDS use and norms are related to cigarette use and norms, particularly among young adults. This study tested two potential mechanisms by which END use may facilitate cigarette use: decreasing tobacco harm perceptions (desensitization) and increasing favorability of tobacco use (renormalization).

Aims and Method
Analyses included data from 2187 young adults in a longitudinal panel who reported any ENDS or combustible cigarette use at ages 21, 23, or 26. The sample was 53.6% male, 19.3% Hispanic, and 68.0% White. Parallel process latent growth models were fitted to test how change in ENDS use and harm perceptions about ENDS use co-occurred with change in cigarette use and harm perceptions about cigarette use across a 6-year period from ages 21, 23, and 26 (years 2014–2019).

Results
When ENDS harm perceptions decreased and ENDS use increased, cigarette harm perceptions decreased and the favorability of cigarettes increased. Decreases in ENDS harm perception were differentially associated with the likelihood of transition to cigarette use (an increase) and frequency of use when it occurred (a decrease).

Conclusions
Changing tobacco harm perceptions and favorability are two processes by which ENDS use may underlie transitions to cigarette use. Tobacco prevention messaging should emphasize the potential harms of ENDS use that could occur through shifting tobacco perceptions, especially among young adults who are not already frequent cigarette smokers.

Implications
Increasing favorability of ENDS (and increased ENDS use) may generalize to combustible cigarettes. Continued use of ENDS can increase risk of cigarette use when this exposure desensitizes nonsmoking young adults from the dangers of smoking and renormalizes pro-tobacco attitudes. Findings suggest that prevention messaging around tobacco products should emphasize the potential harms of ENDS use (including the increased likelihood of cigarette use after initiating ENDS), especially among young adults who are not already frequent cigarette smokers.
Travel burden and carbon dioxide emission reductions through a model of cancer care closer to the patient
Authors: Cavanna Luigi , Citterio Chiara , Bosi Costanza , Vecchia Stefano , Proietto Manuela , Mordenti Patrizia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Traveling to healthcare facilities, particularly in the case of patients requiring frequent visits and repeated treatments, such as cancer patients, is associated with substantial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Moreover, travel burdens can delay diagnosis and negatively influence prognosis.

Materials and Methods
In 2004, a programme called territorial oncology care (TOC) was initiated in the province of Piacenza (northern Italy) to relieve travel burdens by providing treatment closer to patients’ residences. Patient management is performed by oncologists traveling from the city hospital’s oncologic ward to rural centers. Patients are managed at 3 rural hospitals and a health center called Casa della Salute. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed all files containing the schedules of patients enrolled in the TOC programme from 2 January 2017 to 31 December 2022. We calculated the driving distance (in kilometers) to the outpatient facility closest to each patient’s residence and the CO2 emissions saved compared with the distance to the city hospital.

Results
A total of 2132 cancer patients on active treatment were enrolled in the TOC programme during the study period. The total travel saved by treating patients closer to their residences over this 6-year period amounted to 1 975 105 km, representing carbon emission savings of 241.56 tonnes.

Conclusion
Our findings show a significant reduction (241.56 tonnes) of CO2 emissions for the entire cohort of patients over a period of 6 years.
Cancer patients’ travel burdens and associated carbon emissions can be substantially reduced by programmes such as TOC.
Fatty acid desaturase 3-mediated α-linolenic acid biosynthesis in plants
Authors: Gishini Mohammad Fazel Soltani , Kachroo Pradeep , Hildebrand David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (ω3 FAs) are essential components of cell membranes that also serve as precursors of numerous regulatory molecules. α-Linolenic acid (ALA), one of the most important ω3 FAs in plants, is synthesized in both the plastid and extraplastidial compartments. FA desaturase 3 (FAD3) is an extraplastidial enzyme that converts linoleic acid (LA) to ALA. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that FAD3 proteins are distinct from FAD7 and FAD8 desaturases, which convert LA to ALA in plastids. Structural analysis of FAD3 proteins indicated a positive relationship between enzymatic activity and transmembrane pore length and width. An inverse relationship between temperature and ALA biosynthesis was also evident, with ALA accumulation decreasing with increasing temperature. These findings suggest that certain FAD3 enzymes are more effective at converting LA to ALA than others. This information could potentially be used to engineer crop plants with higher levels of ALA.
Removal of Radioactive Noble Gas Radon from Air by Ag-Zeolite
Authors: Ogawa H , Takeuchi Y , Sekiya H , Iyoki K , Matsukura M , Wakihara T , Nakano Y , Hirano S , Taniguchi A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the removal of radon from purified and ambient airs by Ag-zeolite. Ag-zeolite is known to have very high performance in terms of airborne radon removal. The dependence on zeolite type and silver content of the performance of radon removal was evaluated. The performance of radon removal by a single pass and radon emanation were also evaluated. In addition, the adsorption performance due to zeolite solidification and the change in adsorption performance due to moisture in the gas were evaluated in order to investigate properties that should be considered for future practical use. These properties will be applicable to the development of air purification systems for large-volume ultra-low-radioactivity experiments.
Monitoring Treatment Fidelity in a Pragmatic Pediatric Rehabilitation Trial Comparing Two Physical Therapy Schedules: Analysis and Unexpected Findings
Authors: Maus Elizabeth , Scott Kimberley , Ferrante Rachel , Antoszewski Sandy , Heathcock Jill 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to describe the monitoring of treatment fidelity in a pragmatic pediatric rehabilitation trial using the National Institutes of Health Behavior Change Consortium framework, and to identify child and therapist factors that influence treatment fidelity.

Methods
Therapists (n = 28) were trained in the key ingredients (1-on-1, functional, goal-directed, motor learning intervention) and study protocol for a comparative effectiveness trial titled: A Comparison: High Intensity periodic vs. Every week therapy in children with cerebral palsy (ACHIEVE) for children ages 2 to 8 years with cerebral palsy. Therapists were instructed to record every tenth hour of treatment. A subset of recordings were used to monitor treatment fidelity so that each therapist was rated twice using the study- specific ACHIEVE Treatment Fidelity Checklist. Generalized linear mixed effects modeling and logistic regression were used to analyze child and therapist factors related to treatment fidelity.

Results
Median treatment fidelity scores were high (&gt;80%). With training, therapist’s years of experience and specialty certification do not significantly impact treatment fidelity. There is a trend toward lower treatment fidelity scores for children with communication difficulties, particularly for therapist’s use of multi-modal instructions to direct the child in the desired activity.

Conclusion
Functional, goal-directed, motor learning intervention can be delivered with high fidelity for children with cerebral palsy within a busy clinical setting. Motor learning principles may be implemented differently for children with communication difficulties. More research is needed to explore optimal motor learning strategies for these children.

Impact
With training, physical therapists can deliver high-fidelity intervention to children with cerebral palsy across all Gross Motor Function Classification System levels within a busy clinical setting. Therapists may use motor learning principles differently in children with communication delays.
Oxytocin enhances creativity specifically in approach-motivated individuals
Authors: Yang Chen , Guo Zhaoyang , Cheng Liang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Oxytocin, a neuropeptide pivotal in social and reproductive behaviors, has recently gained attention for its potential impact on cognitive processes relevant to creativity. Yet, the direct intricate interplay between oxytocin and creativity, particularly in the context of individual differences in motivational orientations, remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of intranasal oxytocin on creative thinking in individuals characterized by varying levels of approach and avoidance motivations. The initial study, involving participants with high approach or avoidance motivation, employed the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) to assess creativity under oxytocin administration. Subsequently, the second study induced different motivational states through a recall task, aiming to validate and extend observed effects. Results revealed a significant enhancement of creativity in individuals with approach motivation following oxytocin administration, while no parallel effect was discerned in those with avoidance motivation. Aligning with behavioral findings, functional connectivity and graph theory analyses of neural data illuminated the coordinated effects of oxytocin on creativity-related neural networks. These outcomes collectively suggest that oxytocin exerts a dissociable influence on creativity contingent upon an individual’s motivational tendencies, providing insights into the intricate relationship between oxytocin and human creative behavior.
ALKBH5 knockdown suppresses gastric cancer progression by reducing the expression of long non-coding RNA TUG1
Authors: Fan Peng , Huang Yu-jie , Xie Xiang-yu , Wang Liu-hua , Liu Bin , Wang Dao-rong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to explore the relationship between m6A demethylase ALKBH5 and long noncoding RNA TUG1 (TUG1), as well as their effects on proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in gastric cancer (GC) cells.

Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was utilized to analyze the relative expression levels of ALKBH5, TUG1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Survival analyses of TUG1, ALKBH5, and VEGFA were performed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan–Meier databases. The binding sites of TUG1 and ALKBH5 were predicted using the Annolnc2 database. The correlation between ALKBH5 and TUG1 expression was analyzed using the GEPIA database. Subsequently, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting ALKBH5 and TUG1 was transfected into SGC-7901 cells, and functional studies were conducted using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, transwell assays, and angiogenesis assays.

Results
Bioinformatics analysis indicated that ALKBH5, TUG1, and VEGFA were highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and exhibited a positive correlation. Survival analysis revealed that high expression levels of ALKBH5, TUG1, and VEGFA were significantly associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Binding sites for TUG1 and ALKBH5 were identified. Functional experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of ALKBH5 resulted in the downregulation of TUG1, which subsequently reduced the proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells.

Conclusion
The m6A demethylase ALKBH5 promotes gastric cancer progression by erasing the methylation modification of TUG1 and increasing TUG1 expression. This finding provides a new perspective for the treatment and prognosis assessment of gastric cancer.
Outcomes of Triceps Surae Lengthening Surgery in Children With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: A Multisite Investigation
Authors: Õunpuu Sylvia , Pierz Kristan A. , Rethlefsen Susan A. , Rodriguez-MacClintic Jennifer , Acsadi Gyula , Kay Robert M. , Wren Tishya A. L. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Orthopaedic surgical intervention in children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) often includes triceps surae lengthening (TSL) and foot procedures to address instability and pain due to equinus and cavovarus deformities. These surgeries may unmask underlying weakness in this progressive disease causing increased calcaneal pitch and excessive dorsiflexion in terminal ﻿stance leading to crouch. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in ankle function during gait following TSL surgery in children with CMT.

Methods:
Nineteen participants (11 male; age 12.8, SD 3.6 y) with CMT underwent gait analysis and clinical examination preoperatively and postoperatively to determine the outcomes of (1) triceps surae lengthening (TSL) and (2) plantar fascia release with bony foot surgery with or without TSL. TSL was performed in limbs with limited passive dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and decreased peak dorsiflexion in terminal stance, with gastrocnemius recession (GR) being preferred over tendo-Achilles lengthening (TAL) in cases with smaller dorsiflexion deficits. Passive dorsiflexion ROM, gait kinematics and kinetics, and foot posture index (FPI) were examined within and across surgical groups using linear mixed models.

Results:
Dorsiflexion ROM, peak dorsiflexion in terminal stance and mid-swing, and peak nondimensional plantar flexor moment improved significantly after both GR (n=8 limbs) and TAL (n=11 limbs) (P≤0.02). After plantar fascia release with bony foot surgery (n=20 limbs), FPI changed significantly, indicating reduced cavovarus regardless of whether TSL was done (P<0.05). Passive and dynamic dorsiflexion and ankle kinetics (moment and power) increased only when concomitant TSL was done (P≤0.04).

Conclusions:
In patients with increased equinus due to reduced passive dorsiflexion range of motion, TSL is an effective surgery for reducing excessive equinus in terminal stance and mid-swing, decreasing toe-walking, and improving swing phase clearance. It can be combined with extensive foot surgery to correct cavovarus deformity without leading to excessive dorsiflexion in terminal ﻿stance and crouch gait. Clinical gait analysis is an important tool to help identify appropriate candidates for TSL based on the key indicator of peak dorsiflexion in terminal stance.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Loneliness and social isolation in people with HIV
Authors: Blanco José Ramón , Baeza Alicia Gonzalez , de Miguel Buckley Rosa , De La Torre-Lima Javier , Cano Smith Joanna , Olalla Julián 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly extended the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH). However, as this population ages, they face increased risk of social isolation and loneliness (SIL), driven by stigma, discrimination, and shrinking social networks. SIL is a major public health issue, closely linked to mental health conditions, reduced adherence to treatment, and lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This review examines the prevalence, risk factors, health impacts, and interventions related to SIL, highlighting its critical importance for improving HRQoL in PWH.

Recent findings
SIL is common among PWH and strongly associated with HIV-related stigma, depression, anxiety, and systemic inflammation. These factors accelerate aging and contribute to chronic conditions while undermining ART outcomes. Recent research supports the effectiveness of interventions like psychological therapies and social prescribing in reducing SIL and improving HRQoL. However, progress is limited by the lack of standardized tools to assessment SIL, which hampers consistent research and the development of targeted solutions.

Summary
Addressing SIL is essential to advancing holistic and person-centered HIV care. Integrating SIL evaluation into routine clinical practice, creating standardized assessment tools, and implementing targeted interventions can improve HRQoL and reduce health burdens, particularly as the aging PWH population grows.
Parents' Experiences and Views About Use of Wearable Technology for Research and Treatment Monitoring of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Xifaras Rachel , Amor David J. , Turbitt Erin , Kraan Claudine M. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
Wearable technology has potential benefits for clinical measurement with children who have neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, this cohort may experience sensory processing disorder, behavioral dysregulation, and cognitive challenges. For effective and considerate implementation, the experiences and views of parents of children with NDDs on this topic need in-depth investigation.

Method:
This qualitative semi-structured interview study used purposeful sampling of families with experience with wearable technology in a research setting. The cohort included 12 parents of 14 children with a diagnosis of Fragile X (n = 6), Prader-Willi (n = 4), or Angelman (n = 4) syndromes. The data were processed using NVivo software (QSR International Ltd. 1999–2013). Data analysis was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results:
Theme 1: Parents are willing to use wearable technology in the home or community if it is feasible. Aspects of feasibility were the ease of embedding technology into existing routines, device robustness, and device invasiveness. Theme 2: Parents are guided by previous healthcare and research experiences. Wearables were considered low burden in the context of everything else their child experiences through health care. Theme 3: Early engagement with families in the design and research process of new technologies is important. Parents had strong views on how to introduce a wearable to their child. In this article, parents stressed that the child's behavioral phenotype needs to be considered early in the design and rollout phases.

Conclusion:
A shared decision-making approach between researchers and parents will improve the uptake and success of NDD-focused research adopting wearable technology approaches for clinical measurement.