bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Silico and In Vitro Development of novel small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to inhibit SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Taibe Noha Samir , Mahmoud Sara H. , Kord Maimona A. , Badawy Mohamed Ahmed , Shehata Mahmoud , Elhefnawi Mahmoud 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of the deadliest pandemics of the 21st century is being driven by SARS-CoV-2, a significant betacoronavirus, causing severe to moderate respiratory tract infections and represents a major public health threat than other human coronaviruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which has been ravaging the world’s health, social life, and the economy. In response to the sixth wave of SARS-CoV-2, we aim to develop novel innovative viral replication inhibitor therapeutics. We achieved highly specific siRNAs by optimizing RNAi efficacy and reducing potential side effects and considering various factors such as target RNA variations, thermodynamics, accessibility of the siRNA, and off-target effects. Out of 258 siRNAs targeting conserved regions, four siRNAs (siRNA1, siRNA2, siRNA3, siRNA4) were chosen based on their predicted potency and high specificity that target critical highly conserved areas (NSP8, NSP12, and NSP14) in the viral genomes of SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV2 with no predicted human genome off-targets. We assess the effectiveness of the four siRNAs on SARS-CoV2 strain hCoV-19/Egypt/NRC-03/2020. In VeroE6 cells, the selected siRNAs at a concentration 100nM had no cellular toxicity. siRNA2 significantly reduced viral replication with a knockdown percentage of 98% after 24 hr post-infection. In addition, siRNA4 had a statistical significance and knockdown percentage, in S gene and ORF1b gene, of 94% in viral replication. SiRNA2 and siRNA4 could be considered as potential siRNA therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
AMDCENR: Attention Mechanism and Deep Curve Estimation under Noise Reduction Network for low-light image enhancement
Authors: Tian Bowen , Ding Jianwei , Zhang Qi , Deng Qiyao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Photographs captured under low-light conditions are often plagued with issues such as low brightness, poor contrast and noise, making them unsuitable for various image processing applications. To address these challenges, previous low-illumination image enhancement methods, based on the zero-reference depth network model (Zero-DCE), have attempted to approximate pixel-wise and higher-order curves by iteratively applying themselves. However, these methods have not considered the inevitable presence of noise in low-light images, which can have a significant impact on the quality of the enhanced images. To address this limitation, we present an approach, named Attention Mechanism and Deep Curve Estimation under Noise Reduction Network (AMDCENR-net), for low-light image enhancement. Our approach utilizes a regularization model and elemental subtraction to iteratively refine the light map and achieve image denoising. To improve the quality of low-light images and address the issue of missing information, we augment our approach by incorporating channel attention and spatial attention. Channel attention aims to enhance the informative channels in the image while suppressing the unimportant ones. Spatial attention, on the other hand, focuses on highlighting the salient regions of the image. Extensive experiments demonstrate the advantages of our method over state-of-the-art methods qualitatively and quantitatively.
Rapid estimation of chlorpyrifos in feed samples using Gas Chromatograph- Micro Electron Capture Detector (GC-µECD)
Authors: Rao Somu B N , Prasad Kollu S , Thomas Athira , Tellis Jenita M , Kumar Pavan , Devaraju Naveen B , Chikkakempaiah Chethankumari C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this research paper, we have standardized a rapid method for estimation of chlorpyrifos residues in feed samples using Gas Chromatograph- Micro Electron Capture Detector(GC-µECD). The extraction method used for this study was QuEChERS viz. quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe. Validation was done by performing the following parameters; Linearity, Limit of detection (LOD), Limit of quantification (LOQ), Matrix effect and Recovery percentage. A regression equation with regression coefficient (r2) of 0.9913 was obtained indicating excellent linearity. LOD and LOQ of the method were obtained as 0.1 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L respectively. Recovery percentage of the spiked concentration 0.1 ppm was obtained as 85.7% and for 0.5 ppm it was 77.7%. We have analyzed in different feedstuffs (representing green fodder, dry fodder and concentrates) collected from six different districts (Guntur and East Godavari (Andhra Pradesh), Warangal (Telangana state) and Dakshina Kannada, Raichur and Gulbarga (Karnataka state)). From a total of 565 samples collected, 37 samples were positive for chlorpyrifos indicating a positivity rate of 6.55%. Among the positive samples except one oil meal sample, all the samples are under maximum permissible limits (MPL) suggested by codex alimentarius for animal feeds.
Flow Visualisation by Laser Sheet in a Smoke- Tunnel
Authors: Sayed Arafa Atique , Abhishek Eda , Khan Shan Hasan , Reddy Karnati Surya , Chandrasekhar Polaki , Chand Dharmahinder Singh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The application of wind tunnel for visualizing flow over any bluff or streamline body plays an indispensable role in concepting various aerodynamical phenomenon such as formation of vortices, generating lift and drag, calculation of velocity vector and pressure profiles etc. Flow visualization through smoke and laser optics in a subsonic wind tunnel to capture vortex formation over airfoils, cylindrical and conical bodies is the experimental approach which has been studied and manifested elaborately in the article. Using smoke as a seeding material, the flow of the same is allowed to pass over the model which is illuminated via a double pulse laser beam to visualize the formation of vortex and capture the same for future references. The experimentation of the above models is carried out in a Honeycomb subsonic wind tunnel in the Aerodynamics Lab of Aerospace Engineering in the university. The article will cover Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) performed on ANSYS for the particular NACA series, Cross correlation PIV for plotting velocity vector for the captured images of the seed particles and the respective images of the entire experimental set-up. The images captured during this experiment can be later used by the aerodynamicists for optimizing aerodynamic efficiency of the experimented models depending on the vortex formation and flow pattern. The images can also be used for advance calculations required in Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for calculating velocity of every speed particle.
The Complete Genome Sequence of Clade B, Wheat Streak
Mosaic Virus Isolate from Turkey
Authors: LBAGI Havva , Masonbrink Rick E , Miller W Allen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Wheat streak mosaic virus is one of the most widespread viruses in cereal crops, causing severe losses, dramatically affecting worldwide wheat production. Currently, four distinct clades of WSMV have been grouped and named: A (Mexico), B (Europe, Asia, Russia), C (Iran), and D (United States, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, Canada, Turkey). Each of these groups is based on genome-wide variability, emphasizing the CP. Previously reported Turkish wheat isolates of WSMV clustered within both clades D and B. However, the placement of the Turkish WMSV into clade B is only based on a partial genome sequence. Here, we used high throughput sequencing to assemble the complete genome sequence of WSMV type B isolate collected from wheat found in the European part of Turkey. Excluding the poly(A) tail, the genome of isolate S34Edirne (Genbank no. MZ405098) consists of 9,360 nucleotides and contains a single large open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3,033 amino acids. The characteristic lack of a GAG (Gly2761) codon within the CP of the polyprotein is typical for the clade B, WSMV-ΔE isolates, which are widely found throughout the European continent. However, two American isolates were recently placed in this group. Sequence comparisons revealed that WSMV Turkish wheat isolate is the most closely related to Czech isolate, with highly similar nucleotide and amino acid identities at 98.83-99.13%, respectively. The result of this study indicates that the WSMV full-length genome of S34Edirne isolate should be placed into clade B of the European WSMV-ΔE isolates.
Studies on The Composition of Oryza sativa Bran and Chemical Properties of It’s Oil
Authors: Shandhi Shabiba Parvin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Oryza sativa bran was analyzed for its composition. The oil was extracted from the bran by Soxhlet extraction method. Chemical properties of extracted oil was studied in this research work. Rice bran of Kurigram contains a mixture of substances including oils, proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, minerals. moisture & ashes. The bran was collected from Kurigram. The bran was rich in carbohydrates and proteins. The important minerals were found like Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K, Na etc. Saponification value, iodine value are some important parameters usually considered in the evaluation of oil quality. Higher saponification (110.13 mg KOH/g) value of the oil indicated that it could be used as raw materials in good quality soap. It was determined by refluxing the oil with alcoholic KOH solution followed by titration with standard acid. Low iodine (46.25 I2/100g) value of the oil indicated that it could be used as cooking purpose and the oil was stable and consisting of poly unsaturated fatty acids mainly oleic and linoleic acid. It was determined by dissolving the bran oil in CCl4 solution with addition of Henus solution followed by titration with standard hypo solution. From fatty acid analysis it was found that the oil was high content of fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid etc. These acids have high biological importance for human body.
Reductive stress and apoptotic activities in bivalve mollusc Unio tumidus exposed to the combination of microplastics, antibiotic salinomycin and heating
Authors: Martyniuk Viktoria , Matskiv Tetiana , Yunko Kateryna , Khoma Vira , Gnatyshyna Lesya , Faggio Caterina , Stoliar Oksana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Multistress effects lead to unpredicted consequences in aquatic ecotoxicology and are extremely concerning. The goal of this study was to trace how specific effects of the antibiotic salynomycin (Sal) and microplastics (MP) on the bivalve molluscs are manifested in the combined environmentally relevant exposures. Unio tumidus specimens were treated with Sal (0.6 µg L− 1), MPs (1 mg L− 1, 2 µm size), and both at 18°C (Mix) and 25°C (MixT) for 14 days. The redox stress and apoptotic enzyme responses and the balance of Zn/Cu in the digestive gland were analyzed. The shared signs of stress included a decrease in NAD+/NADH and Zn/Cu ratios and lysosomal integrity, and an increase in Zn-metallothioneins and cholinesterase levels. MP caused a decrease in the glutathione (GSH) concentration and redox state, total antioxidant capacity, and Zn levels. MP and Mix induced coordinated apoptotic/autophagy activities, increasing caspase-3 and cathepsin D (CtD) total and extralysosomal levels. Sal activated caspase-3 only and increased by five times Cu level in tissue. Due to the discriminant analysis, the cumulative effect was evident in the combined exposure at 18°C. However, under heating, the levels of NAD+, NADH, GSH, GSH/GSSG and metallothionein-related thiols were decreased, and coordination of the cytosolic and lysosomal death stimuli was distorted, confirming that heating and pollution could exert unexpected synergistic effects on aquatic life.
On the boundary conformal field theory approach to symmetry-resolved entanglement
Authors: Di Giulio Giuseppe , Meyer René , Northe Christian , Scheppach Henri , Zhao Suting 
Published: July 2023

We study the symmetry resolution of the entanglement entropy of an interval in two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs), by relating the bipartition to the geometry of an annulus with conformal boundary conditions. In the presence of extended symmetries such as Kac-Moody type current algebrae, symmetry resolution is possible only if the boundary conditions on the annulus preserve part of the symmetry group, i.e. if the factorization map associated with the spatial bipartition is compatible with the symmetry in question. The partition function of the boundary CFT (BCFT) is then decomposed in terms of the characters of the irreducible representations of the symmetry group preserved by the boundary conditions. We demonstrate that this decomposition already provides the symmetry resolution of the entanglement spectrum of the corresponding bipartition. Considering the various terms of the partition function associated with the same representation, or charge sector, the symmetry-resolved Rényi entropies can be derived to all orders in the UV cutoff expansion without the need to compute the charged moments. We apply this idea to the theory of a free massless boson with U(1)U(1), \mathbb{R}ℝ and \mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2 symmetry.
Pareto-optimal design of water distribution networks: an improved graph theory-based approach
Authors: Hajibabaei Mohsen , Hesarkazzazi Sina , Minaei Amin , Savić Dragan , Sitzenfrei Robert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

One of the main drawbacks of using evolutionary algorithms for the multi-objective design of water distribution networks (WDNs) is their computational inefficiency, particularly for large-scale problems. Recently, graph theory-based approaches (GTAs) have gained attention as they can help with the optimal WDN design (i.e., determining optimal diameters). This study aims to extend a GTA to further improve the quality of design solutions. The GTA design is based on a customized metric called ‘demand edge betweenness centrality’, which spatially distributes nodal demands through the weighted edges of a WDN graph and provides an estimation of water flows. Assigned edge weights can be constant (i.e., static) or modified iteratively (i.e., dynamic) during the design process, leading to different flow estimations and alternative design options. Three hydraulic-inspired dynamic weights are developed in this study to better reproduce hydraulic behavior and, consequently, find better solutions. Additionally, this work proposes a framework for the optimal design of multi-source WDNs and provides guidelines for obtaining near-optimal solutions in such networks. A comparative study between GTAs and evolutionary optimizations confirms the efficiency of the improved GTA in providing optimal/near-optimal solutions, especially for large WDNs, with a runtime reduction of up to seven orders of magnitude.
Spatial distribution of the contamination and risk assessment of potentially harmful elements in the Ghizer River Basin, northern Pakistan
Authors: Haq Ayaz Ul , Muhammad Said , Tokatli Cem 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The Ghizer River Basin (GRB) is one of the sub-basins of the Indus River hosting rich mineralization and agrogenic activities. The GRB was sampled for 55 water samples and investigated for potentially harmful element (PHE) concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. PHE concentrations in water of the GRB were used to calculate the potential of non-cancer risks such as chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and cancer risk (CR). The highest average concentrations of chromium (37.1 ± 17.1 μg/L), copper (27.4 ± 12.5 μg/L), arsenic (4.8 ± 0.9 μg/L), cobalt (9.2 ± 3.3 μg/L), and nickel (62.7 ± 27.6 μg/L) were noted for the Ishkomen River segment of the GRB. Similarly manganese (417 ± 144 μg/L), cadmium (1.95 ± 0.02 μg/L), lead (7.7 ± 1.4 μg/L), and zinc (28.4 ± 5.5 μg/L) concentrations were maximum at downstream of the GRB. Geospatial and statistical analyses showed that lithogenic sources contributed higher to PHE contamination in the water of the GRB than the agrogenic sources. PHE concentrations were noted under the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water thresholds, except for nickel. Results showed the uppermost CDI value of 13.6 μg/kg-day for manganese and HQ value of 0.52 for arsenic via water intake of children. Non-cancer and CR values through water intake were under the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) thresholds and noted as suitable for drinking and other domestic purposes.
Comparison of bias correction methods for climate change projections in the lower Shivaliks of Punjab
Authors: Kaur Kuldeep , Kaur Navneet 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The study evaluates the performance of bias correction techniques by dividing the observed climate data period into calibration and validation sets. For this purpose, the daily data of temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation from 2010–2095 for lower Shivaliks of Punjab (Ballowal Saunkhri) were downloaded from Marksim weather generators using outputs of CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 climate model under four RCP scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5). The bias correction of model data (temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation) was done by developing correction functions (using a model and observed data from 2010 to 2015) from different bias correction methods (difference method, Leander and Buishand method, modified difference method, linear scaling, variance scaling, and quantile mapping). The corrected model data for the year 2016–2020 were validated against the observed data. The difference method was found to be best for bias correction due to low error and high efficiency. The corrected future model data (2021–2095) analysis on an annual and seasonal basis predicted a rise in maximum temperature and minimum temperature by 1.3–2.8 °C and 0.5–3.0 °C, respectively, under different scenarios. The study predicted more increase in rainfall and solar radiation under RCP 8.5 followed by RCP 6.0, RCP 4.5, and RCP 2.6 scenarios.
Application of data mining technology and intelligent information technology in the construction and management of the water conservancy project in Area A
Authors: Chen Zeyou , Xu Jiaojiao , Ma Yunhui , Zhang Zheyuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
At present, the construction and management efficiency of water conservancy projects is low, hydrological prediction errors are common, and the utilization rate of water resources is low. Based on this, this paper applies data mining technology and intelligent information technology to water conservancy project management. This will help to better study the construction and management of hydraulic projects. By adopting data mining technology, valuable data in hydraulic engineering can be extracted and analyzed. Through careful analysis and evaluation of the data, we can predict the runoff of reservoir hydrology in Area A. The experimental results show that the data mining technology can be used to predict the runoff of Reservoir A from January to December 2020. In addition, using machine learning techniques to make predictions, the prediction error rate varies by 6.2%. The research shows that the use of data mining technology can improve the efficiency of water conservancy project construction and management, and improve the utilization rate of the project.
Missão Yanomami
Authors: Wolff Ronald Selle 
Published: July 2023

Relato da décima missão da Força Nacional do SUS (FN-SUS) no cuidado dos Povos Originários Yanomamis em Roraima (RR). A organização e atividades começam a ser articuladas e executadas pelo Governo Federal em janeiro de 2023, o convite ocorre em maio do mesmo ano e as minhas atividades da missão iniciam em junho de 2023. O objetivo foi da prestação de cuidados aos povos originários Yanomamis em Roraima, uma vez que o ambiente das comunidades indígenas sofre com a violência e devastação promovida pelas atividades de garimpo na região. A equipe, formada por quatro médicos, sete enfermeiros e um técnico em enfermagem realizou capacitação de um dia no Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena Yanomami. No dia seguinte começaram os atendimentos aos Yanomamis. Além dos cuidados em unidade que demanda atenção em nível de maior complexidade também poderia ser solicitada a remoção de casos graves nas aldeias distantes, tais como traumas, acidentes, entre outras. No decorrer do relato são apresentados alguns dos atendimentos e o envolvimento do relator e equipe com os pacientes. É descrito ritual de cura e proteção praticado quando há situação com perigo iminente de morte, o “Xabore”. Por fim, apresenta reflexões sobre a missão e questionamentos sobre foi permitido chegar a uma situação tão grave as pessoas desses povos originários, uma vez que a qualidade de vida e a causa são de todos nós.
Prevention of Postoperative Atrioventricular Block in a Case of Progressive
Infective Endocarditis with Reconstruction of the Interventricular Fibrous
Body: A Case Report
Authors: Kuroda Taro , Hayashi Ichiro , Kashima Ichiro , Yoshikawa Eiji , Iijima Natsumi 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The risk of the post-operative severe atrioventricular block is high when infective endocarditis spreads to the conduction system. However, a clear surgical method to prevent post-operative severe atrioventricular block in infective endocarditis patients has not been developed.

Case presentation:
A 39-year-old man with a persistent fever was referred to our hospital. Echocardiography showed mitral valve infective endocarditis with severe aortic regurgitation due to a congenital bicuspid aortic valve. Before the surgery, a paroxysmal atrioventricular block appeared. Intraoperative inspection revealed an aortic-root abscess with ulcerated lesions below the commissure of the noncoronary-right coronary cusps and perforation of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Considering the risk of atrioventricular block, the ulcerated lesions were only cleared with saline solution. After replacing the mitral valve with a mechanical mitral valve, the interventricular fibrous body and aortic annulus were reconstructed with a bovine pericardial patch. The mechanical aortic valve was sutured to the reconstructed aortic annulus. Two years after the surgery, severe atrioventricular block did not occur.

Conclusion:
Our method may be effective when the risk of post-operative severe atrioventricular block is high and the patient’s prognosis worsens.
A Case Report of Fibromyxoid Variant of Nephrogenic Adenoma of Prostatic
Urethra: Morphology Mimicking Carcinoma
Authors: Salmo Emil , Rovira Teresa 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Nephrogenic adenoma is an uncommon, benign, tumour-like lesion within the urothelial mucosa of the urinary tract caused by reimplantation and proliferation of the renal tubular cells that have been shed by chronic irritation of the mucosa of the urinary tract.

Case Study:
We report a case of the rare fibromyxoid variant of nephrogenic adenoma in the prostate urethra. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases have been described in the literature.

Conclusion:
This tumour can have variable morphological patterns with occasional worrisome features that can mimic carcinoma of the lower urinary tract.