bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naked Singularities in the Einstein-Euler System
Authors: Guo Yan , Hadzic Mahir , Jang Juhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 1990, based on numerical and formal asymptotic analysis, Ori and Piran predicted the existence of selfsimilar spacetimes, called relativistic Larson-Penston solutions, that can be suitably flattened to obtain examples of spacetimes that dynamically form naked singularities from smooth initial data, and solve the radially symmetric Einstein-Euler system. Despite its importance, a rigorous proof of the existence of such spacetimes has remained elusive, in part due to the complications associated with the analysis across the so-called sonic hypersurface. We provide a rigorous mathematical proof. Our strategy is based on a delicate study of nonlinear invariances associated with the underlying non-autonomous dynamical system to which the problem reduces after a selfsimilar reduction. Key technical ingredients are a monotonicity lemma tailored to the problem, an ad hoc shooting method developed to construct a solution connecting the sonic hypersurface to the so-called Friedmann solution, and a nonlinear argument to construct the maximal analytic extension of the solution. Finally, we reformulate the problem in double-null gauge to flatten the selfsimilar profile and thus obtain an asymptotically flat spacetime with an isolated naked singularity.
Trends and impacts of demographic disparity on JMP ladders for drinking water and sanitation services: further analysis of the Ethiopian demographic and health surveys
Authors: Alemu Zinabu Assefa , Adugna Ermias Alemayehu , Likasa Badasa Wagari , Mekonnen Andualem , Alemu Tadesse , Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccess to water and sanitation are a major issues for many countries, especially for low- and middle-income nations like Ethiopia. The study aims to identify trends in the use of drinking water and sanitation services using Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) ladders and to assess the impact of demographic factors on that use. A time trend analysis for water and sanitation services was carried out using JMP ladders using household data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Likewise, factors affecting the coverage of water and sanitation service ladders were also determined using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. According to a recent survey, the basic drinking water service trend increased significantly from 18% in 2000 to 57% in 2019 by 217%. In contrast, surface water use declined from 31% in 2000 to 12% in 2019 by 61%. Despite the overall coverage of basic sanitation services grew by 900% (or nine times) from 1% in 2000 to 10% in 2019, the coverage of basic sanitation services decreased by 25% from 8% in 2011 to 6% in 2016. Furthermore, the practice of open defecation decreased by 67% from 81% in 2000 to 27% in 2019. In this study, the availability of drinking water and sanitation services are influenced by many demographic factors. The wealth quantile was used as an example since it has a major impact on the water and sanitation service ladders. Similarly, the age of households’ heads difference significantly affects sanitation but has little effect on water service. The essential trend of water and sanitation services increased significantly. Several factors influencing the progression of water and sanitation service ladders have been discovered. As a result, households should replace the unimproved sanitation facilities with improved sanitation facilities and encourage hand-washing habits to reduce health risks associated with poor sanitation. Furthermore, the effect of demographic factors should be considered in the development of strategies to increase access to drinking water and sanitation services.
A flexible hydrogen-electricity coproduction system through the decoupling of units with different dynamic characteristics
Authors: Wang Chaowei , Wei Yanbing , Gao Lin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegarding the carbon neutrality target, the proportion of renewable energy in global energy sources is predicted to increase to 50% by 2050, and the increment in penetration requires fossil fuel power plants to play a key role in grid peak regulation. The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a promising peak-regulating method for power grids. However, due to the strong coupling between units, the flexibility of gas turbines cannot be fully utilized in response to power demand. This paper proposed a novel polygeneration system integrating syngas storage, hydrogen production, and gas turbines for power. Through syngas storage, the dynamic characteristic of each unit can be decoupled to take advantage of the flexibility of the gas turbine. Compared to the general IGCC system, the load change rate of the new system could be increased from 0.5%/min to 3-5%/min without altering the dynamic characteristics of the original equipment. The design capacity of the syngas storage tank could be reduced by decreasing the ramp rate of the power generation unit or increasing the load change rate of the gasification and hydrogen production units. For the new 300-MW system, the required syngas storage tank capacity reached only approximately 1872 m3 under storage conditions of 35 bar and 25 °C. Furthermore, the investment in the syngas storage tank only accounted for approximately 6.6% of the total investment cost. In general, the novel system can be more flexibly operated under variable loads with low carbon emissions, which can help to increase the penetration of renewable energy in the power grid.
Large-scale ecosystem carbon stocks and their driving factors across Loess Plateau
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Liangxu , Zhang Pingping , Wu Fan , Wang Yunqiang , Xu Chan , Zhang Liankai , An Shaoshan , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe large-scale vegetation restoration project on the Loess Plateau increased the ecosystem carbon (C) stocks and affected C budget in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. The specific details affecting the C stocks, their distribution, and dependence on land use and climate were never presented and generalized. We assessed the effects of climate factors and soil properties on ecosystem C stocks through field investigation across the Loess Plateau. The total C stocks in the four ecosystems: forestlands [0.36], shrublands [0.24], grasslands [1.18], and farmlands [1.05] was 2.84 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g), among which 30% were stored in topsoil (0–20 cm), 53% in above-ground biomass, and 17% in roots. The total ecosystem C density decreased according to the climate from the southeast (warm dry) to the northwest (cold moist) of the Loess Plateau. The ecosystem C density decreased with increasing temperature (from 5 to 15 °C), but increased with precipitation (from 200 to 700 mm). Variation partitioning analysis and structural equation models indicated that ecosystem C density was more explained by climate compared with soil properties. This supports the theory and empirical findings that large scale pattern of ecosystem C density is predominantly regulated by climate on the Loess Plateau. Our results highlight that grasslands are more predestined to store C compared with the other ecosystems, and the C stored in roots is substantial and should be considered when assessing C stocks and strongly contributes to soil organic matter formation. We suggest that investing in roots can be an effective strategy for meeting part of Loess Plateau C reduction goals to mitigate climate change, which is necessary for validating and parameterizing C models worldwide.
Sensitivity and historic behavior for continuous maps on Baire metric spaces
Authors: CARVALHO MARIA , COELHO VINICIUS , SALGADO LUCIANA , VARANDAS PAULO 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe introduce a notion of sensitivity with respect to a continuous real-valued bounded map which provides a sufficient condition for a continuous transformation, acting on a Baire metric space, to exhibit a Baire generic subset of points with historic behavior (also known as irregular points). The applications of this criterion recover, and extend, several known theorems on the genericity of the irregular set, in addition to yielding a number of new results, including information on the irregular set of geodesic flows, in both negative and non-positive curvature, and semigroup actions.
Micro-Segregation and the Jewish Ghetto: A Comparison of Ethnic Communities in Germany
Authors: Ruef Martin , Grigoryeva Angelina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study introduces the concept of micro-segregation as an alternative to ghettoization in order to understand residential patterns in historical Jewish communities. The process of ghetto formation is associated with the spatial separation of a minority group as a result of racial stigma and poverty. It operates at a large scale and posits that ghetto boundaries will be rigidly policed. By contrast, the process of micro-segregation is associated with the separation of a minority group as a result of marginalized legal status. It operates at a smaller scale and posits that the boundaries of ethnic communities are porous, offering sites of economic value. To assess the conceptual utility of micro-segregation, we apply it to four Jewish communities in the German states before the 20th century. Spatial analysis suggests that the communities varied in their degree of micro-segregation, but consistently offered economic opportunity at the boundaries of Christian and Jewish worlds.
The architecture of transcendence: John Webster and Dietrich Bonhoeffer on divine agency, Christology and theological method
Authors: Clark-Howard Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractJohn Webster and Dietrich Bonhoeffer are two theologians invested in prioritising certain conceptions of divine transcendence within their respective theological projects. Specifically, both appeal to conceptions of divine transcendence and agency amidst what they understand to be the problematic naturalisation of theological discourse in modern Protestant theology, particularly within its liberal German traditions. The way they understand transcendence, however, and the doctrinal loci they choose to affect it, leads to different conceptualisations of the possibilities, scope and organisation of systematic theology. Where Webster (especially in his later work) seeks to prioritise God's immanent perfection and aseity through theology proper, Bonhoeffer instead emphasises God's freedom pro me within the person of Jesus Christ. These differences in first theological foundations have important consequences for the shape of theological method and doctrinal architecture within the practice of contemporary systematic theology.
Bureaucracy and the everyday practices of contested state diplomacy: The paradigmatic case of Kosovo
Authors: Wille Tobias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe representatives of contested states – that is, territories whose claim to sovereign statehood is not, or is not fully, recognised by the international society of states – often make significant efforts to engage in diplomacy. Two literatures have recently begun to explore these diplomatic activities, one focusing on the ‘rebel diplomacy’ of insurgents and secessionist movements, the other on ‘liminal actors’ in global politics. However, these two literatures have defined the phenomenon in very different ways, namely, as either instrumental action or cultural performance, and study it largely without regard to each other's insights. My argument in this article is that contested state diplomacy can be better understood if we appreciate the nature of modern diplomacy as a set of bureaucratic practices. As a routinised process within a bureaucratic organisation, modern diplomacy both gives rise to specific decisions and sustains the reality of the state as the locus of legitimate power. The representatives of contested states therefore have strong reasons to set up more or less rudimentary bureaucracies for their diplomacy. I use the history of Kosovo's foreign policy institutions as a paradigmatic case to demonstrate how everyday bureaucratic practices fuse instrumental action and cultural performance and further theorise the interplay of ‘political’ and ‘technical’ conduct in contested state diplomacy.
Parentese in infancy predicts 5-year language complexity and conversational turns
Authors: FERJAN RAMÍREZ Naja , WEISS Yael , SHETH Kaveri K. , KUHL Patricia K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParental input is considered a key predictor of language achievement during the first years of life, yet relatively few studies have assessed its effects on longer-term outcomes. We assess the effects of parental quantity of speech, use of parentese (the acoustically exaggerated, clear, and higher-pitched speech), and turn-taking in infancy, on child language at 5 years. Using a longitudinal dataset of daylong LENA recordings collected with the same group of English-speaking infants (N=44) at 6, 10, 14, 18, 24 months and then again at 5 years, we demonstrate that parents’ consistent (defined as stable and high) use of parentese in infancy was a potent predictor of lexical diversity, mean length of utterance, and frequency of conversational turn-taking between children and adults at Kindergarten entry. Together, these findings highlight the potential importance of a high-quality language learning environment in infancy for success at the start of formal schooling.
Conservation narratives and bibliogrammatic networks in the conservation landscape
Authors: Troumbis Andreas Y , Sideropoulos Haralambos , Gialeli Maria , Vasios Georgios K 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe analysis of conservation narratives primarily resides in the methods and techniques of social sciences, focusing mainly on uncovering advocacy versus critical lines of thought in the complex mosaic of arguments around institutional actors and the public. Researchers have previously proposed an archetypal scheme in which the core conservation narratives and their conceptual interrelations are classified. This report explores the feasibility of coupling such a traditional method with techniques emanating from quantitative linguistics, network analysis and bibliometry. The neologic metaphor of the Anthropause is purposely added to long-established narratives to examine its potential effects on the conservation narratives landscape. The results show that this metaphor reorganizes the mentally constructed connections between flag narratives and symbolic lexical units.
Structural priming of code-switches in non-shared-word-order utterances: The effect of lexical repetition
Authors: Berghoff Robyn , Gullberg Marianne , Kootstra Gerrit Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCode-switching is generally dispreferred at points of non-shared word order across a bilingual's two languages. In priming studies, this dispreference persists even following exposure to a code-switched non-shared-word-order utterance. The present study delves deeper into the scope of code-switching priming by investigating whether lexical repetition across target and prime, a factor known to boost structural priming, can increase code-switching at points of word order divergence. Afrikaans–English bilinguals (n=46) heard prime sentences in which word order, lexical repetition, and switch position were manipulated and subsequently produced code-switched picture descriptions. The results show that lexical repetition boosts the priming of code-switching in a non-shared word order. The findings demonstrate that code-switching in production is affected by a dynamic interplay between factors both language-internal (i.e., word order) and language-external (i.e., priming, and specifically lexical repetition).
Delegating violence in democracies: embedded developmentalism and persistence of labor repression in South Korea
Authors: Porteux Jonson N. , Kim Sunil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe address how democracy has influenced the ways in which the Korean state has managed the issue of labor-based collective action and suppression thereof. During the authoritarian period, the state, through specialized riot police, frequently, and violently, cracked down on protest movements and other forms of collective action. During democratization and post-democratic consolidation, private specialists in violence, operating with the consent of the state, began to replace public forces on the front lines, while working in concert out of the view of the public. Although such state/non-state collaboration in the market for oftentimes illegal violence has been addressed in scholarship elsewhere, we demonstrate through detailed evaluation that the extant explanations are largely incomplete, as they fail to capture the effects of changing relative levels of state-based autonomy from societal and corporatist influence.
Effect of depth of flooding on growth and fecundity of fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Authors: Chiruvelli Venkatanaga Shiva Datta Kumar Sharma , Sandhu Hardev S. , Cherry Ron , Odero D. Calvin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFall panicum is the most prevalent and problematic weed in rice in Florida. Outdoor studies were conducted in 2021 to determine the effect of flooding on fall panicum growth and its ability to produce and develop panicles. Fall panicum at the two- to four-leaf and four- to six-leaf stages of development were flooded in stock tanks maintained at flooding depths of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 30 cm for 56 d. Plant height, number of tillers and leaves, leaf area, shoot biomass, root biomass, and panicle branches for both fall panicum leaf stages of development decreased with increasing flooding depth. Fall panicum flooded at the two- to four-leaf stage survived flood depth of 15 cm, whereas plants flooded at the four- to six-leaf stage survived and emerged from a flood depth of up to 20 cm. The 10-cm flood depth resulted in the tallest plants with more leaves, tillers, and leaf area for both growth stages. The probability of fall panicum survival and ability to produce panicles decreased as flood depth increased. Flood depth required for 50% survival for four- to six-leaf-stage plants was estimated to occur at 14 cm, whereas that for plants at the two- to four-leaf stage occurred at 12 cm. The flood depth required to reduce panicle branch production by 50% was estimated to be 15 and 20 cm for two- to four-leaf, and four- to six-leaf-stage plants, respectively. These results show that flooding >10 cm is required to significantly reduce fall panicum survival and ability to produce panicles. Since flood level in rice is usually maintained at an average of 10 cm, chemical weed control will be important to supplement flooding for effective control of fall panicum in rice.
Marine Warm Cloud Fraction Decreases Monotonically With Rain Rate for Fixed Vertical and Horizontal Cloud Sizes
Authors: Liu Jihu , Zhu Yannian , Wang Minghuai , Rosenfeld Daniel , Cao Yang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrecipitation has been hypothesized to play a key role in the determination of cloud fraction (CF). The relationships between CF and rain rate (R) in marine boundary layer clouds were studied based on long‐term satellite retrievals. We find that both CF and R increase with cloud geometric width (CGW) and thickness (CGT). Increased CGW causes increased R even without cloud deepening, but increasing CGW beyond 15 km leads to a slight decrease in R. Coincident change in CF and R with increased CGW causes a spurious positive CF‐R relationship. When fixing CGT and CGW, CF generally decreases monotonically with increasing R, and the dependence generally weakens with warmer sea surface temperature and thinner, larger clouds. This finding supports well the hypothesis that aerosols could increase cloudiness by suppressing precipitation. This study also emphasizes the importance of cloud morphology in marine boundary layer cloud studies connected to precipitation processes.
Tectonic Forcing of the Extreme Aridification of the East Asian Interior at Around 900 ka–Insights From the Spatially Inconsistent Magnetization of Chinese Loess
Authors: Gao Xinbo , Hao Qingzhen , Jin Chunsheng , Deng Chenglong , Peng Shuzhen , Han Long , Fu Yu , Wu Xuechao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe upper sandy loess unit L9 on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) corresponds to marine isotope stages 22–24, and it represents aeolian deposition under conditions of extreme aridification. However, the forcing mechanism remains controversial. Numerous paleomagnetic studies in the eastern CLP show that the coarsest part of L9 is remagnetized and has a normal geomagnetic polarity. However, our results show that in loess sections in the western CLP the coarsest part of L9 records a primary reverse polarity. This spatially inconsistent magnetization pattern originates mainly from the different magnetic carriers of the characteristic remanent magnetization (hematite in the western CLP and magnetite in the eastern CLP), which suggests a different dust provenance between the western and eastern CLP. We ascribe this spatial contrast in dust provenance to the episodic uplift of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, which also led to the extreme aridification of the East Asian interior at ∼900 ka.
The 2021 Mw 7.3 Madoi, China Earthquake: Transient Supershear Ruptures on a Presumed Immature Strike‐Slip Fault
Authors: Cheng Chuang , Wang Dun , Yao Qiang , Fang Lihua , Xu Shiqing , Huang Zihao , Liu Tonghui , Wang Zhifeng , Huang Xiaolin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe used seismic data recorded at local and teleseismic distances to analyze the May 22, 2021 Mw 7.3 Madoi, China earthquake sequence, which occurred along a low‐slip‐rate (0.3–1.0 mm/yr) and small‐cumulative‐displacement (4–5 km) fault—the Kunlun Mountain Pass‐Jiangcuo Fault (KMPJF). We first restored the clipped waveforms recorded at local distances, and obtained more accurate phase arrivals for relocating the earthquake sequence. The relocated earthquakes illuminate a ∼170 km‐long complex northwest‐southeast (NW‐SE) striking ruptured fault with apparent bifurcated ends at both tips and variations in dip angles along strike. We further performed backprojection analyses to image the rupture process of the mainshock using seismic data recorded at four teleseismic arrays (Europe, Australia and Southeast Asia, Japan, and Alaska). The results show that the earthquake propagated bilaterally in the NW and SE directions with maximum rupture speeds of ∼4.0 km/s. This observation was further refined by multiple array backprojections onto the fault that was determined by the fine relocations of the earthquake sequence. Synthetic and realistic tests validated the resolutions of the backprojection analyses (within 5–20 km). The fast supershear rupture speeds were only transient but exhibited spatial correlation with the geometric complexities of the KMPJF. This suggests that the transient supershear ruptures are due to the varying geometry of the KMPJF, which is likely an immature fault. Our results suggest that the potential for supershear ruptures along immature strike‐slip faults should be emphasized in earthquake hazard assessment.