bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of treatment-free remission with generic imatinib
Authors: Goni Deepak , Jain Arihant , Singh Charanpreet , Jindal Nishant , Nampoothiri Ram , Jandial Aditya , Lad Deepesh , Khadwal Alka , Prakash Gaurav , Naseem Shano , Varma Neelam , Malhotra Pankaj 
Published: February 2023

Background & objectives:
Both innovator and generic imatinib are approved for the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia-Chronic phase (CML-CP). Currently, there are no studies on the feasibility of treatment-free remission (TFR) with generic imatinib. This study attempted to determine the feasibility and efficacy of TFR in patients on generic Imatinib.

Methods:
In this single-centre prospective Generic Imatinib-Free Trial-in-CML-CP study, twenty six patients on generic imatinib for ≥3 yr and in sustained deep molecular response (BCR ABLIS ≤0.01% for more than two years) were included. After treatment discontinuation, patients were monitored with complete blood count and BCR ABLIS by real-time quantitative PCR monthly for one year and three monthly thereafter. Generic imatinib was restarted at single documented loss of major molecular response (BCR ABLIS>0.1%).

Results:
At a median follow up of 33 months (interquartile range 18.7-35), 42.3 per cent patients (n=11) continued to be in TFR. Estimated TFR at one year was 44 per cent. All patients restarted on generic imatinib regained major molecular response. On multivariate analysis, attainment of molecularly undetectable leukaemia (>MR5) prior to TFR was predictive of TFR [P=0.022, HR 0.284 (0.096-0.837)].

Interpretation & conclusions:
The study adds to the growing literature that generic imatinib is effective and can be safely discontinued in CML-CP patients who are in deep molecular remission.
Global Health Impact: A Model to Alleviate the Burden and Expand Access to Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: Hassoun Nicole , Cosler Leon 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT.
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) receive relatively little research and development but have a tremendous impact on lifespan and livelihood. Here, we use existing data on the need for drugs, their efficacy, and their treatment percentages to estimate the impacts of various regimens on the global burden of several NTDs: schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, and three soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) over time. For an interactive visualization of our models’ results, see https://www.global-health-impact.org/. In 2015, our NTD models estimate that treatment averted 2,778,131.78 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Together, treatments targeting STHs together averted 51.05% of the DALYs averted from all NTD treatments, whereas schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis medicines averted 40.21%, 7.56%, and 1.18%, respectively. Our models highlight the importance of focusing not just on the burden of these diseases but also on their alleviation in the effort to expand access to treatment.
Molecular Prevalence of Diarrheal Pathogens in Children with Acute Diarrhea in Southeastern Gabon
Authors: Ndjangangoye Nal Kennedy , Lekana-Douki Sonia Etenna , Oyegue-Liabagui Sandrine Lydie , Kouna Lady Charlene , Ndong Ndong Kerry Ance , Onanga Richard , Lekana-Douki Jean Bernard 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT.
Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children, particularly in sub-Saharan countries. In Gabon, there are few data on the prevalence of diarrheal pathogens in children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrheal pathogens in children with diarrhea in southeastern Gabon. Stool samples (n = 284) from Gabonese children 0 to 15 years of age with acute diarrhea were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction targeting 17 diarrheal pathogens. At least one pathogen was detected in 75.7% of samples (n = 215). Coinfection with multiple pathogens was observed in 44.7% of patients (n = 127). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was the most commonly detected pathogen (30.6%, n = 87), followed by adenovirus (26.4%, n = 75), rotavirus (16.9%, n = 48), Shigella sp. (16.5%, n = 47), Giardia duodenalis (14.4%, n = 41), norovirus GII (7.0%, n = 20), sapovirus (5.6%, n = 16), Salmonella enterica (4.9%, n = 14), astrovirus (4.6%, n = 13), Campylobacter jejuni/coli (4.6%, n = 13), bocavirus (2.8%, n = 8), and norovirus GI (2.8%, n = 8). Our study provides useful information on the possible causes of diarrheal diseases affecting children in southeastern Gabon. A similar study with a control group of healthy children is needed to assess the burden of the disease attributed to each pathogen.
Nutritional Profiles and Zinc Supplementation among Children with Diarrhea in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Jinat , Nuzhat Sharika , Billal Shebab Md , Ahmed Tahmeed , Khan Azharul Islam , Hossain Md. Iqbal 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT.
Zinc supplementation is an added intervention with oral rehydration solution (ORS) for treating childhood diarrhea as per World Health Organization recommendations. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of zinc administration in addition to ORS for childhood diarrhea before hospitalization and the nutritional profile of those children admitted to the outpatient department of the largest diarrheal facility in Bangladesh. This study used a screening dataset of a clinical trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04039828) on zinc supplementation at a Dhaka hospital (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh) between September 2019 and March 2020. A total of 1,399 children aged 3–59 months were included in our study. Children were divided into two groups (one group received zinc and another did not) and were analyzed accordingly; 39.24% (n = 549) children received zinc along with ORS for the current diarrheal episode prior to hospitalization. Percentages of underweight (weight-for-age z-score < −2 SD), stunting (length/height-for-age z-score < −2 SD), wasting (weight-for-length/height z-score < −2 SD), and overweight (weight-for-age z-score > +2 SD) among these children were 13.87% (n = 194), 14.22% (n = 199), 12.08% (n = 169), and 3.43% (n = 48), respectively. In logistic regression after adjusting age, sex, and nutritional status (underweight, stunting, wasting, and overweight), association of dehydration (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03–0.11; P < 0.01), bloody diarrhea (aOR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.11–0.92; P < 0.01), and fever (aOR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.18–0.41; P < 0.01) were less with children who received zinc at home. Bangladesh is one of the leading zinc coverage areas globally but lags behind the target for zinc coverage in diarrheal illness among under-five children. Policymakers should scale up and formulate guidelines with sustainable strategies to encourage zinc supplementation in diarrheal episodes in Bangladesh and elsewhere.
Risk Factors for Progression to Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cutshaw Melissa K. , Sciaudone Michael , Bowman Natalie M. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT.
Approximately one-third of people with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection develop Chagas cardiomyopathy, which carries a poor prognosis. Accurate prediction of which individuals will go on to develop Chagas cardiomyopathy remains elusive. We performed a systematic review of literature comparing characteristics of individuals with chronic Chagas disease with or without evidence of cardiomyopathy. Studies were not excluded on the basis of language or publication date. Our review yielded a total of 311 relevant publications. We further examined the subset of 170 studies with data regarding individual age, sex, or parasite load. A meta-analysis of 106 eligible studies indicated that male sex was associated with having Chagas cardiomyopathy (Hedge’s g: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.07–2.04), and a meta-analysis of 91 eligible studies indicated that older age was associated with having Chagas cardiomyopathy (Hedge’s g: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.41–0.91). A meta-analysis of four eligible studies did not find an association between parasite load and disease state. This study provides the first systematic review to assess whether age, sex, and parasite load are associated with Chagas cardiomyopathy. Our findings suggest that older and male patients with Chagas disease are more likely to have cardiomyopathy, although we are unable to identify causal relationships due to the high heterogeneity and predominantly retrospective study designs in the current literature. Prospective, multidecade studies are needed to better characterize the clinical course of Chagas disease and identify risk factors for progression to Chagas cardiomyopathy.
The Effect of Blood Transfusion on the Survival of Children with Both Severe Anemia and Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Pelkonen Tuula , Roine Irmeli , Cruzeiro Manuel , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Peltola Heikki 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT.
In areas with suboptimal resources, blood transfusion may not be feasible even when mandatory for severely anemic children with a life-threatening disease. We evaluated how much not having received a transfusion affected the survival in 171 children with an admission blood hemoglobin level of < 6 g/dL and bacterial meningitis in Luanda, Angola. Of these children, 75% (128 of 171) had received a blood transfusion during hospitalization, but 25% (43 of 171) had not. Within the first week, 33% of patients (40 of 121) with transfusion and 50% (25 of 50) without a transfusion died (P = 0.04). Early transfusion (days 1–2 of hospitalization) prolonged the time of survival from a median of 132 hours [interquartile range (IQR), 15–168] to 168 hours (IQR, 69–168; P = 0.004), and had odds of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.25–0.97; P = 0.040) for death compared with no transfusion. The effect of transfusion/no transfusion at any time during hospitalization on mortality within 30 days, and prolongation of the time of survival were similar to early transfusion but showed even clearer benefits. Our results emphasize the value of timely transfusion in facilities that care for severely anemic children with severe infections to maximize their chances of survival.
Mapping of human displacement by Boko Haram in Nigeria from 2009 to 2021
Authors: OMOGUNLOYE Olusola Gabriel , IYASELE Nnamdi Samson , OLUNLADE Olufemi Ayoade , ABIODUN Oludayo Emmanuel , SALAMI Tosin Julius , ALABI Abiodun Olawale 
Published: February 2023

Insurgencies by Boko Haram, a terrorist group operating in the north-west African states, have negatively impacted the sense of national security in Nigeria. The activities of the sect have assumed political dimensions in that they have evaded all the possible technical and military solutions that have been implemented. The humanitarian crisis caused by incessant attacks by Boko Haram sects has led to a growth in the population of internally displaced persons and the associated camps accommodating them. This research examined the activities of the Boko Haram sect and how they relate to internally displaced persons, as well as to the challenges faced by the latter from 2009 to 2021. The data used comprise data from the Armed Conflict and Location Event Data Database (ACLED), from the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), and geospatial data from Diva-GIS. The method that was applied for this purpose incorporated the use of GIS techniques for mapping the activities of the sect from 2009 to 2021: Microsoft Excel was used for the purposes of data refinement and analysis; while ArcGIS was used for the mapping of the camps of internally displaced persons, as well as for the hotspot and directional analyses in this particular context.. The findings of this research study show that Borno state experiences a 77% frequency of insurgency attacks, followed by Yobe state with 11%. Over the years under study, 2015 is the year recording the highest number of fatalities in Nigeria, with Adamawa recording the highest number of fatalities in a state in spite of it being the least of all the states susceptible to terrorism. Borno, the most terrorized of the states, hosts the largest number of IDP camps but the challenges that these state experiences are relatively limited.
Assessment of Land Use Efficiencies of Ghanaian Cities: Case Study of Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis
Authors: Aduah M. S. , Mantey S. 
Published: February 2023

Urban land use efficiency is a key indicator of the resilience of a city and its sustainability. However, in Africa and Ghana, information on land use efficiency in cities is lacking. There is little to no understanding as to how urban development is affecting the lives of people, the economy and the environment. In this study, geospatial techniques were used to estimate urban land use efficiency (LUE), the changes in the built-up area per capita and urban sprawl speed (SS) for the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan area. Multi-temporal land use maps and population data were used for this purpose. The results indicate that generally land use efficiency in the city has improved since 2002, from a value of 0.67 between 2002 and 2008 to 0.88 between 2008 and 2016, and that it deteriorated slightly above one (1) between 2016 and 2021. The city has also become more built up over the period, with the rate of sprawling also declining. However, the study shows that land in the city that was either agricultural land or grassland has been converted to built-up land use/land cover, which is indeed a challenge for urban agriculture. The results of this study can be used by city authorities as a guide to urban development.
Eriocalyxin B relieves kidney damage in a rat model of membranous nephropathy by inhibiting JAK/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Guo Shanmai , Guan Xi 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To investigate the function of eriocalyxin B (EriB) in membranous nephropathy (MN) in a rat model and the related mechanisms.
Methods: Cationic C-BSA was injected into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to generate a rat model of MN. The MN rats were treated with different concentrations of EriB (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). After treatment, their kidneys were excised, sectioned, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained to determine renal injury, while Masson's trichrome staining was performed to determine renal tissue fibrosis. Bradford assay was used to determine rat proteinuria and ELISA employed to determine blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels. ELISA was also used to measure IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-α levels, while immunoblot analysis was used to assess protein expressions of related indicators in JAK/STAT3 pathway.
Results: Compared with sham rats, MN rats showed increased the contents of proteinuria, BUN, and SCr (p < 0.01), induced serious renal injury, and increased expression of collagen I and III (p < 0.01), and fibrosis. It also elevated the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-α (p < 0.01), causing inflammation and activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway. EriB treatment alleviated renal injury, fibrosis, and inflammation in MN rats. With increase in EriB concentration, renal injury in MN rats was gradually alleviated.
Conclusion: EriB alleviates renal injury in MN rats by inhibiting JAK/STAT3 pathway. Thus, EriB is a potential drug for the management of MN.
Analgesic properties of newly synthesized N pyrrolyl hydrazide hydrazones
Authors: Nocheva Hristina , Vladimirova Stanislava , Tzankova Diana , Peikova Lily , Georgieva Maya 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To screen a series of newly synthesized N-pyrrolyl hydrazide hydrazones for analgesic activity via Paw-pressure (PP) test and hot plate test (HPT).
Methods: The compounds newly synthesized through the classical Paal-Knor cyclization, N-pyrrolyl hydrazide-hydrazones were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Paw pressure and hot plate tests were applied to assess the analgesic properties. In addition, stress-induced analgesia with naloxone as a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist was performed.
Results: The compound (DI-5g), containing an izatine carbonyl fragment, was the most promising. It presented the highest paw pressure threshold (25 AU at 30th min) by exceeding the analgesic activity of the referent metamizole (23 AU at 30th min). The relative effect from the hot plate test was consistent with the paw pressure results. Opioid receptors were involved in the analgesic activities of N-pyrrolyl hydrazide-hydrazones.
Conclusion: The N-pyrrolyl carboxylic acids are synthesized and identified as new compounds and their hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives as promising leads for future design and synthesis of drugs with possibly prolonged analgesic activity.
Жиноят қонуни вақт бўйича амал қилиши принципи: шаклланиши ва ривожланиши
Authors: Шамсидинов Зайниддин 
Published: February 2023

Қонуннинг вақт бўйича амал қилиши муаммоси тарихан қонуннинг орқага қайтиш кучи ёки орқага қайтиб амал қилиши муаммоси сифатида ривожланган ва келиб чиқиши узоққа бориб тақалади. Енгиллаштирувчи ҳолатларда қонуннинг орқага қайтиш кучидан нафақат кадимги Афинада, балки қадимги Мисрда ҳам қўлланилган. Қонуннинг орқага қайтиб амал қилмаслиги принципи илк бор Рим ҳуқуқида аниқ шакллантирилган бўлиб, милоддан аввалги II асрнинг охирига келиб, мавжуд ҳуқуқий тартиб ва иқтисодий манфаатларни ҳимоя қилиш учун жиноят ва фуқаролик ҳуқуқида аллақачон қўлланилган эди. Рим ҳуқуқининг асосий принципи бўлиб, қонун кучининг фақат келаси замон учун тан олиниши бўлган, илгари вужудга келган юридик фактлар ва муносабатларга нисбатан олдинги нормалар амал қилиши зарур, яъни “leges et constitutionis futuris certum est dare formam negotiis, non ad facta praeteria revocari”. Ўрта асрларда жиноятчилар уларга нисбатан муайян қонун қўлланилишини талаб қилиш ҳуқуқига эга эмас деб ҳисобланган. Қонунийлик принципи ғоя сифатида Маърифат даврида ишлаб чиқилган бўлсада, XIX асрнинг бошида айнан Фейербах уни ғоядан бир неча жиҳатларга эга принципга айлантирди, ўзига хос ҳуқуқий доктрина яратди. Вақт ўтиши билан жиноят қонунининг вақт бўйича амал қилиши тўғрисидаги фикр ва қарашлар нормалар сифатида декларация, конституция ва жиноят қонунларида мустаҳкамлана бошлаган.
Diseminasi Disinfektan Covid-19 Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Pada Masjid Baitul Muttaqiin Pucu’An
Authors: Jamaaluddin Jamaaluddin , Anshory Izza , Ayuni Shazana Dhiya 
Published: February 2023

In this kind of COVID-19 pandemic, prevention is very necessary. The forms of the prevention process from the dangers of COVID-19 are spraying disinfectants regularly and continuously. Spraying of disinfectants is carried out in many public places / public facilities such as worship facilities, tourist attractions, offices and others. In this community service, the prevention efforts will be applied to the Baitul Muttaqiin mosque in Pucu'an village. Baitul Muttaqiin Pucukan Mosque is a mosque located at the eastern end of Sidoarjo Regency. This mosque needs attention because it is located at the end of Sidoarjo and difficult to transport. The location can only be reached by motorbike or boat. By using energy sources from Solar Power Plants. This Solar Power Plant is managed by a Solar Charge Controller and a water pump, so spraying this disinfectant can be done without incurring electricity costs. Photovoltaic systems with a power of 50 Wattpeak as many as 3 units are regulated by the Solar Charge Controller utilizing batteries as solar energy storage will be able to operate the system properly. Disinfectant ingredients and how to operate the system are taught to residents around the mosque. This system turned out to be very effective to be used as an effort to prevent the development of COVID-19 in general areas of worship in particular and to hamlet residents in general.
Architectural Aesthetics
Authors: Winters Edward 
Published: February 2023

The fine arts are traditionally seen to have intrinsic value: that is, they are valuable in themselves. But this poses a problem for architecture: its works are designed to serve our purposes, and therefore it is classed as functional. Carving out a new space, Edward Winters argues why architecture is a fine art and finds a place for the fine art of architecture in the cultural environment in which we structure our lives.
Winters reconciles intrinsic value, as a fine art, with extrinsic value, as shelter, security and comfort, without collapsing into the modernist conception of Functionalism. He draws on the Apollonian and the Dionysian to resolve the apparent conflict between the two values: the former requiring contemplative, detached reflection, the latter an engaged, embodied entanglement with the festive mood inspired by the immediate situation. Architecture, Winters claims, is to be regarded as functional; but this functionality is subsumed under the intrinsic aesthetic value of living well.
Introducing the main positions in the philosophy of architecture through the lens of the timeless argument about what constitutes art, Winters lays out a humanistic view of the medium and extends our understanding of aesthetics and the everyday.
An Introduction to Structural Mechanics
Authors: Smith Paul 
Published: February 2023

An Introduction to Structural Mechanics aims to teach the fundamental principles of structures via simple explanations of the theory and numerous worked examples. The emphasis throughout is on problem-based learning. The worked examples start from a fundamental level and progress to more difficult, intricate and taxing problems. Early examples assume little or no experience in the subject matter, but soon propel the reader forward to solving complex, practically-based structural systems. Further problem - with solutions - aim to further bolster learning at the end of each chapter.
The book will provide a powerful learning or revision tool for undergraduate civil engineering or building students.
On the importance of moisture conveyor belts from the tropical eastern Pacific for wetter conditions in the Atacama Desert during the mid-Pliocene
Authors: Reyers Mark , Fiedler Stephanie , Ludwig Patrick , Böhm Christoph , Wennrich Volker , Shao Yaping 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Geomorphic and sedimentologic data indicate that the climate of today's hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) was more humid during the mid-Pliocene to Late Pliocene. The processes, however, leading to increased rainfall in this period are largely unknown. To uncover these processes we use both global and regional kilometre-scale model experiments for the mid-Pliocene (3.2 Ma). We found that the PMIP4–CMIP6 (Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project–Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) model CESM2 (Community Earth System Model 2) and the regional model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) used in our study simulate more rainfall in the Atacama Desert for the mid-Pliocene in accordance with proxy data, mainly due to stronger extreme rainfall events in winter. Case studies reveal that these extreme winter rainfall events during the mid-Pliocene are associated with strong moisture conveyor belts (MCBs) originating in the tropical eastern Pacific. For present-day conditions, in contrast, our simulations suggest that the moisture fluxes rather arise from the subtropical Pacific region and are much weaker. A clustering approach reveals systematic differences between the moisture fluxes in the
present-day and mid-Pliocene climates, both in strength and origins. The two mid-Pliocene clusters representing tropical MCBs and occurring less than 1 d annually on average produce more rainfall in the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert south of 20∘ S than what is simulated for the entire present-day period. We thus conclude that MCBs are mainly responsible for enhanced rainfall during the mid-Pliocene. There is also a strong sea-surface temperature (SST) increase in the tropical eastern Pacific and along the Atacama coast for the mid-Pliocene. It suggests that a warmer ocean in combination with stronger mid-tropospheric troughs is beneficial for the development of MCBs leading to more extreme rainfall in a +3 ∘C warmer world like in the mid-Pliocene.