bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridization and Introgression in Black Hakes (Merluccius polli and M. senegalensis): Evolutionary Dynamics and Conservation Implications in the Contact Zone Exploited by Multi‐Species Fisheries
Authors: Blanco‐Fernandez Carmen , Rodriguez‐Roche Jorge , Mateo Juan L. , Erzini Karim , Garcia‐Vazquez Eva , Machado‐Schiaffino Gonzalo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHybridization is relatively common between closely related species that share part of their distribution. Understanding its dynamics is important both for conservation purposes and to determine its role as an evolutionary mechanism. Here we have studied the case of black hakes (Merluccius polli and Merluccius senegalensis) in its contact zone. The area of study is located in the FAO fishing area 34, in Mauritania and Senegal waters, where both species are exploited jointly in multi‐species fisheries involving national and foreign fleets. Using a ddRADSeq approach and based on a set of 5820 SNPs and a total of 240 individuals, we identified one F1 hybrid and several backcrossed individuals among 90 M. polli samples and none in 90 M. senegalensis samples obtained in 2020, suggesting unidirectional introgression towards M. polli. Hybridization signals were not found in any of the 60 historical samples from 2000. Excluding the hybrids and developing two separate sets of SNPs (5093 SNPs for M. polli and 2794 SNPs for M. senegalensis), our results detected two distinct genetic clusters within M. polli that show different genetic diversity estimates, with one of the clusters showing a higher potential vulnerability to exploitation. This pattern was observed in both contemporary and historical samples, and both groups presented subtle depth segregation. Moreover, 109 outlier loci were identified between the two groups, that could be developed into molecular markers to further study differentiation between both clusters and contribute to improved stock assessment and management of these important demersal resources.
Landscape of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: From Bedside to Bench, Past to Present
Authors: Li B U. K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInvestigations into mechanisms of cyclic(al) vomiting syndrome (CVS) began at the bedside more than a century ago. The modern era started with the formation of the Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Association in 1993 that helped initiate robust efforts in education, advocacy, family physician conferences, scientific symposia, dedicated clinical programs, therapeutic guidelines, and research. Even today, bedside clues continue to emerge with the recent description of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) and subsequent evidence of a perturbed endocannabinoid system. The clinical picture of CVS has evolved from that of a straightforward emetic disorder related to migraine requiring short‐term antiemetics or prophylactic anti‐migraine therapy, to a complicated, heterogenous one with multiple comorbid associations (anxiety, dysautonomia) and endophenotypes (migraine, Sato, CHS). This expanded view has important therapeutic implications which necessitate managing the comorbidities which can in turn impact the disease itself and proffered promising evidence that behavioral management (meditation) and vagal neuromodulation appear efficacious with few untoward effects, perhaps by reestablishing autonomic (parasympathetic) balance. The pathophysiologic picture now appears to be inscribed on an autonomic polyvagal design but multiple additional pathways interact, some confirmed (NK1, CB1, HPA axis, PPM1D gene, biological calendar, estrogen), and others, possible (TRPV‐1, CGRP, GDF‐15, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cation transport). CVS and its cousin CHS continue to challenge clinicians and perplex investigators and in the current era require not only a critical mass of specific pathway expertise but also syncretic biopsychosocial thinking to integrate these disparate threads. We may have reached such a tipping point at this Symposium.
Utility of Monitoring Fasting Phase During Pediatric Colonic Manometry Studies
Authors: Dorfman Lev , El‐Chammas Khalil , Khanna Sahana , Fei Lin , Kaul Ajay 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionColonic manometry (CM) is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate pediatric patients with refractory constipation, fecal incontinence, Hirschsprung disease, and pediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction. Pan‐colonic high‐amplitude propagated contractions (HAPCs), measured by CM, reflect an intact neuromuscular function of the colon. Current guidelines recommend starting CM with fasting recording for 1–2 h, but no prior evaluation has determined the diagnostic yield of the fasting phase.We aimed to determine the utility of the fasting phase during CM studies.MethodsWe evaluated CM studies conducted at a tertiary pediatric center (2018–2022). Fasting phases of normal CM studies were evaluated.Key ResultsIn 433 included studies 241 (55.7%) females, median age (9.7 years), the average fasting recording lasted 126 min. A total of 193 (44.6%) studies exhibited fasting HAPCs, with 123 (28.4%) being pan‐colonic. The presence of pan‐colonic HAPCs was based solely on the fasting phase in 11 (2.5%) studies.Patients with fasting pan‐colonic HAPCs were younger (median age of 6.9 vs. 9.8 years, p = 0.0001) and had a higher rate of postprandial HAPCs (69.1% vs. 25.2%, p < 0.0001).Most fasting pan‐colonic HAPCs presented during the first 60 min (94/123, 76.4%). All studies demonstrated HAPCs after stimulation with bisacodyl.In analyzing just the initial 30 min of fasting on CM, only 2 (0.5%) studies would have been misclassified as abnormal, with no bisacodyl administration in these studies.Conclusions & InferencesShortening the fasting phase minimally affects next‐day CM results and could reduce patient inconvenience, hospital‐related costs, and potential side effects.
Assessing Water Content of the Human Colonic Chyme Using the MRI Parameter T1: A Key Biomarker of Colonic Function
Authors: Dellschaft Neele , Murray Kathryn , Ren Yi , Marciani Luca , Gowland Penny , Spiller Robin , Hoad Caroline 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe human colon receives 2 L of fluid daily. Small changes in the efficacy of absorption can lead to altered stool consistency with diarrhea or constipation. Drugs and formulations can also alter colonic water, which can be assessed using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) longitudinal relaxation time constant, T1. We explore the use of regional T1 assessment in evaluating disorders of colonic function.MethodsIndividual participant data analysis of data from 12 studies from a single center of patients with constipation, irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS‐D), and healthy volunteers (HV). T1 was quantified by measuring the signal from the tissue at different times after a pulse which inverts the magnetization.Key ResultsWhen diarrhea was induced by a macrogol laxative T1 in the ascending colon, T1AC was negatively correlated with stool bacterial content, r2 = 0.78, p < 0.001. T1AC was increased by another laxative, rhubarb. Patients with IBS‐D had elevated fasting T1AC (0.78 ± 0.28 s, N = 67) compared to HV (0.62 ± 0.21 s, N = 92) while those with constipation lay within the normal range (HV 10–90th centiles 0.33–0.91 s). Fasting T1AC in IBS‐D was reduced by mesalazine treatment. T1 in the descending colon was consistently lower than T1AC, with a bigger reduction in patients with constipation than HV. Pre‐feeding dietary fiber (bran, nopal, and psyllium) was associated with fasting T1AC at or above the normal 90th centile.Conclusions and InferencesT1 is an MRI parameter which could be used to monitor effectiveness of novel agents designed to alter colonic water content and stool consistency.
Complex and Bidirectional Interplay Between Marital Quality, Catastrophizing, Psychological Dysfunction, and Quality of Life in Married Malay Women With Disorder of Gut–Brain Interactions
Authors: Hamid Nurhazwani , Kueh Yee Cheng , Muhamad Rosediani , Zahari Zalina , van Tilburg Miranda A. L. , Palsson Olafur S. , Whitehead William E. , Ma Zheng Feei , Tagiling Nashrulhaq , Lee Yeong Yeh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDisorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBI) affect more women, and marital quality may have been a factor that explains clinical manifestations of DGBI—however, the mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate supported relationships between DGBI with marital quality and clinical attributes in married Malay women.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved married Malay women with functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and FD‐IBS overlap per Rome IV criteria. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to determine the association between DGBI, marital quality, and clinical attributes of catastrophizing, psychological dysfunction, and quality of life. Path analysis models were developed, tested, and fitted to elucidate relationships that satisfied significance testing and fit indices (termed supported relationship).Key ResultsOf 1130 screened participants, 513 were analyzed. The prevalence of FD, IBS, and FD‐IBS overlap was 33.9% (n = 174), 29.5% (n = 151), and 36.6% (n = 188), respectively. Of 17 variables in MANOVA, significant differences in variables were observed for FD vs. FD‐IBS overlap (10), IBS versus FD (10), and IBS versus FD‐IBS overlap (5). Pearson correlation matrices found significant correlations for 15 of 17 variables. After testing and fitting, the third path model (Model 3) was deemed the final model. Model 3 suggested that relationships between DGBI and marital and clinical attributes were complex and bidirectional. The number of supported relationships were 50, 43, and 39 for FD‐IBS overlap, FD, and IBS, respectively.Conclusions and InferencesRelationships between DGBI, marital quality, and clinical attributes among married Malay women are complex and bidirectional.
Primary Peristalsis Is the Dominant Mechanism of Refluxate Clearance Following Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Marchetti Lorenzo , Rogers Benjamin D. , Patel Amit , Sifrim Daniel , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRefluxate volume and pH drop following gastroesophageal reflux are mostly cleared by peristalsis. We evaluated the roles of primary volume clearing peristaltic wave (VCPW), secondary VCPW, post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW), and late primary peristaltic wave (LPPW) in refluxate clearance.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed pH‐impedance studies performed off therapy in 40 patients with typical esophageal symptoms. Mechanism of refluxate clearance was evaluated for each reflux episode (primary VCPW vs. secondary VCPW vs. none), as well as presence of PSPW, LPPW when PSPW was absent, and pH recovery with each mechanism. Per‐episode and per‐patient analyses determined the dominant mechanism of refluxate clearance and pH recovery.ResultsOf 958 reflux episodes, 88% were acidic. A primary VCPW was the dominant mechanism for volume clearance (48.4% acid, 47.8% non‐acid reflux episodes), and ≥ 50% pH recovery (58.7%). Of reflux episodes lacking pH recovery, PSPW resulted in ≥ 50% pH recovery in 40.2%, and LPPW in 60.9%. In logistic regression models, primary peristaltic wave (primary VCPW, PSPW, or LPPW) had the highest likelihood of pH recovery in per‐episode analysis (OR 2.1, CI 1.3–3.0, p < 0.001), and in per‐patient analysis (OR 11.0, CI 1.5–20.5, p = 0.025), among which primary VCPW was the most effective (OR 3.4, CI 1.5–7.7, p = 0.003).ConclusionsA primary peristaltic wave from a swallow, either in the form of a VCPW, PSPW, or LPPW, is the dominant mechanism of pH recovery after gastroesophageal reflux. When a primary VCPW does not correct pH drop, PSPW, and LPPW are equivalent salvage mechanisms for pH recovery.
Improving sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts by applying Se: transcriptome profiling and coexpression network analysis provide insights into the mechanistic response
Authors: Mao Shuxiang , Wang Junwei , Guo Zhijun , Huang Huiping , Wang Shengze , Fei Dandan , Liu Juan , Wu Qi , Nie Jin , Wu Qiuyun , Huang Ke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSulforaphane (SF) is a sulfur (S)‐containing isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables and is known for its potent anticancer properties. Broccoli sprouts, in particular, are considered safe and healthy dietary choices due to their high SF content and other beneficial biological activities, such as enhanced metabolite ingestion. The application of selenium (Se) is an excellent approach to enhance the abundance of SF. Previous studies have often focused on gene expression and changes in the synthetic substrates of glucoraphanin (RAA) to explain SF variation in response to Se application. However, the regulatory network and other physiological and biochemical reactions involved in the regulation of SF biosynthesis are poorly understood. In this study, Se‐treated broccoli sprouts had higher SF and RAA contents; they increased with increasing Se application. Using RNA‐seq in combination with KEGG, GO, phenotypic, and WGCNA analyses, it was observed that not only gene expression was induced but also that glutathione serves as an S donor for SF biosynthesis and acts as an oxidative stress reliever as a result of Se treatment. Additionally, a module related to glucosinolate biosynthesis was identified. Yeast one‐hybrid system and dual luciferase reporter assay were utilized. These assays demonstrated the hub transcription factors GATA22, ERF12‐like, and MYB108 would directly bind to SUR1 promoter and positively regulate its expression. Our study presents the first global overview of the role of GSH metabolism in response to Se for SF biosynthesis, and provides a novel and valuable gene resource for the molecular breeding of high‐SF broccoli.
Gene tree conflict in chloroplast‐based phylogenies in Pyropia species
Authors: San Myat Htoo , Kawamura Yoshio , Kimura Kei , Witharana Eranga Pawani , Shimogiri Takeshi , Fujiyoshi Eiji , Nagano Yukio 
Published: January 2025

SummaryChloroplast genomes are widely used in studying evolutionary relationships and conducting phylogenetic analyses. However, few studies have specifically addressed gene tree conflicts. Using the taxonomically complex seaweed genus Pyropia, comprising a group of red algae in the family Bangiaceae commonly found in intertidal zones worldwide, we analyzed gene tree conflicts within Pyropia species. Traditionally, the classification of Pyropia species has relied on morphological traits and short genetic markers such as the chloroplast RuBisCO large subunit (rbcL) and small subunit (SSU) genes. In the present study, we performed phylogenetic analyses using the chloroplast genomes of 15 Pyropia species, including five newly sequenced genomes: Pyropia tanegashimensis, Pyropia acanthophora, Pyropia pseudolinearis, Pyropia kanakaensis and Pyropia kinositae. Notably, P. tanegashimensis and P. acanthophora exhibited structural changes similar to those previously reported in P. vietnamensis. Our analysis revealed that, although previous studies reported conflicting topologies for the phylogenetic relationships among the four major clades of Pyropia, we have resolved these conflicts, at least in terms of the evolution of the chloroplast genome. By contrast to the traditional view of chloroplast genomes as single evolutionary units, our findings suggest that this assumption does not always hold true, leading to different topological patterns across chloroplast genes. Furthermore, we identified several incongruences between individual gene trees and the species tree within clades of Pyropia. These findings highlight the complexities and challenges in resolving phylogenetic relationships within Pyropia, providing valuable insights for future evolutionary studies.
Promoting performance in multilevel governance and delivery of homelessness services
Authors: Coutin Jordy , Musso Juliet , Stanley J. Woody 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe current study contributes to practice in interagency performance management through a study of the system of federal grants awarded by the Department of Housing and Urban Development to local Continuum of Care (CoC). The mixed methods design synthesizes a multivariate analysis of the relationship between grantee performance and funding levels, a national survey of CoCs and follow‐up interviews with CoC administrators. Findings reveal little association between reported improvements in system‐level performance and annual funding amounts awarded to CoCs. Nevertheless, interviews reveal that the system has fostered commitment to use of data and performance management practices. The study suggests that intergovernmental performance systems should address issues of capacity and be more attuned to the context in which grant recipients work to attain measurable goals. In particular, the value of the performance system is less a carrot/stick relationship between principals and agents, and more a communicative opportunity for federal entities and localities regarding local achievements and constraints.
Fish Sludge as Feed in Circular Bioproduction: Overview of Biological and Chemical Hazards in Fish Sludge and Their Potential Fate via Ingestion by Invertebrates
Authors: Pettersen Kristin S. , Sele Veronika , Araujo Pedro , Belghit Ikram , Benestad Sylvie L. , Bernhoft Aksel , Booth Andy M. , Eriksen Gunnar S. , Farkas Julia , Handå Aleksander H. , Hansen Bjørn Henrik , Helgesen Kari O. , Holst‐Jensen Arne , Johannessen Gro S. , Liland Nina S. , Lundebye Anne‐Katrine , Malzahn Arne M. , Nilsen Hanne , Nordtvedt Tom S. , Norström Madelaine , Owczarek‐Kościelniak Magdalena M. , Øines Øivind , Patel Sonal J. , Sindre Hilde , Standal Inger B. , Hagemann Andreas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAquaculture farming discharges large volumes of fish sludge, consisting of particulate organic matter from feed spill and feces. Fish sludge from land‐based salmonid aquaculture systems can potentially be used to feed low‐trophic species such as marine polychaetes and insects. Further use of these invertebrates as feed may provide a more sustainable feed chain. However, food security must not compromise feed or food safety. The use of fish sludge as feed is currently not permitted in the European Union (EU). A regulatory assessment that considers the integration of fish sludge in the circular bioeconomy requires knowledge of the potential chemical and biological risks involved. This review has compiled data from existing literature on the occurrence of chemical and biological hazards, as well as the physical properties of fish sludge. The potential risks along this feed chain, from fish sludge to novel feed ingredient production, are discussed in light of the EU regulatory framework. Within the available, but scarce, literature on biological hazards in fish sludge, there is no clear evidence that fish sludge is unsafe for use as a feed material for invertebrates if treatment criteria established in the EU regulations are followed. Scarcity implies a level of uncertainty, but not necessary of risk. For the chemical hazards, some elements are of concern and may exceed regulatory limits, and there are limited data on the occurrence of organic pollutants. This review highlights considerable knowledge gaps concerning the use of fish sludge in a circular feed and food system.
Effects of Chinese Import Competition on Self‐Employed Business Owners in the US
Authors: Unel Bulent 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTExploiting variation in exposure to Chinese import growth across local markets, I investigate the effects of import competition on self‐employment in the US. The China trade shock had a sizable negative impact on incorporated self‐employed business owners (i.e., entrepreneurs) in manufacturing. The reduction in entrepreneurs also significantly contributed to the decline in total manufacturing employment. The analysis also indicates that other sectors have not absorbed entrepreneurs released from manufacturing. Finally, the effects on entrepreneurship are similar across different demographic groups characterized by gender, age, and education.
Infections Management in the Lung Transplant Setting in Italy: A Web‐Survey
Authors: Lombardi Andrea , Grossi Paolo , Mikulska Malgorzata , Giannella Maddalena , Pascale Renato , Marinello Serena , Montagnani Francesca , Seminari Elena , Corcione Silvia , Bandera Alessandra , Bertani Alessandro , Mularoni Alessandra ,   for the Infection Prevention and Treatment Working Group of the LUNG‐SITO study group
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionInfections significantly impact morbidity and mortality in lung transplant (LuTx) recipients. This survey focused on documenting current practices regarding the prevention and management of infections in LuTx in Italy.MethodsA 52‐question survey was administered online in the period from December 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024, assessing center characteristics, Tx team organization, microbiological investigations, infection prevention, and management. All Italian LuTx centers were invited to participate.ResultsNine out of 10 Italian LuTx centers answered. Most centers (6/9, 67%) performed LuTx only on adults.Chronic infection or colonization by Mycobacterium abscessus and Burkholderia cenocepacia is considered a contraindication to LuTx in five and two centers, respectively.For cytomegalovirus D+/R‐ patients, prophylaxis is used in six centers (67%), with a variable duration from 3 to 12 months. Two centers also use IgG. Three centers (33%) use a pre‐emptive strategy. Four centers (45%) screen for Human herpesvirus 8 infection.Regarding antibiotic prophylaxis, most centers (6/9, 67%) utilise a dual regimen of anti‐pseudomonal penicillin plus glycopeptide. The two most common durations of antibiotic prophylaxis were 72 h and 7 days, each reported by two centers (22%).Targeted prophylaxis against fungal infections is employed by a minority of centers (4/9, 44%). Inhaled amphotericin B is the most common antifungal, used as targeted prophylaxis (2/4, 50%) and universal prophylaxis (2/5, 40%).Almost all centers (8/9, 89%) involve the Tx infectious diseases specialist in the recipient management since the pre‐listing period.ConclusionThere is considerable heterogeneity in infection management among Italian LuTx centers. Establishing a shared platform for data collection and outcome evaluation is essential to improve infection management.
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