bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiator at the radiological research accelerator facility
Authors: Garty Guy , Obaid Razib , Deoli Naresh , Royba Ekaterina , Tan Yuewen , Harken Andrew D. , Brenner David J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Radiological Research Accelerator Facility has modified a decommissioned Varian Clinac to deliver ultra-high dose rates: operating in 9 MeV electron mode (FLASH mode), samples can be irradiated at a Source-Surface Distance (SSD) of 20 cm at average dose rates of up to 600 Gy/s (3.3 Gy per 0.13 µs pulse, 180 pulses per second). In this mode multiple pulses are required for most irradiations. By modulating pulse repetition rate and irradiating at SSD = 171 cm, dose rates below 1 Gy/min can be achieved, allowing comparison of FLASH and conventional irradiations with the same beam. Operating in 6 MV photon mode, with the conversion target removed (SuperFLASH mode), samples are irradiated at higher dose rates (0.2–150 Gy per 5 µs pulse, 360 pulses per second) and most irradiations can be performed with a single very high dose rate pulse. In both modes we have seen the expected inverse relation between dose rate and irradiated area, with the highest dose rates obtained for beams with a FWHM of about 2 cm and ± 10% uniformity over 1 cm diameter. As an example of operation of the ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiator, we present dose rate dependence of dicentric chromosome yields.
Phylogenetic relationships of sleeper gobies (Eleotridae: Gobiiformes: Gobioidei), with comments on the position of the miniature genus Microphilypnus
Authors: Macate Isadola Eusébio , Bessa-Silva Adam , Caires Rodrigo Antunes , Vallinoto Marcelo , Giarrizzo Tommaso , Angulo Arturo , Ruiz-Campos Gorgonio , Sampaio Iracilda , Guimarães-Costa Aurycéia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicrophilypnus and Leptophilypnion are miniaturized genera within the family Eleotridae. The evolutionary relationships among these taxa are still poorly understood, and molecular analyses are restricted to mitochondrial genes, which have not been conclusive. We compiled both mitochondrial and nuclear genes to study the phylogenetic position of Microphilypnus and the evolutionary history and relationships of eleotrids. We propose that Microphilypnus and Leptophilypnus (a non-miniature genus) are not sister groups as suggested by previous studies, but rather separate lineages that arose in the early Eocene, with Leptophilypnus recovered as a sister group to the other analyzed eleotrids. In fact, Microphilypnus is currently associated with the Neotropical clade Guavina/Dormitator/Gobiomorus. We also identified a well-supported clade that indicated Gobiomorus and Hemieleotris as paraphyletic groups, besides a close relationship among Calumia godeffroyi, Bunaka gyrinoides, Eleotris and Erotelis species. This is the first comprehensive report about the evolutionary relationships in members of the family Eleotridae, including multiloci and multispecies approaches. Therefore, we provided new insights about the phylogenetic position of some taxa absent in previous studies, such as the miniature genus Microphilypnus and a recently described species of Eleotris from South America.
Effects of aspect on phenology of Larix gmelinii forest in Northeast China
Authors: Dong Chunyuan , Qiao Rongrong , Chang Xueli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe response of vegetation phenology to global climate change is one of the main forms in terrestrial ecosystem change, the study of vegetation phenology is an important complement to the understanding of how global climate change affects ecosystems in multiple dimensions. We selected the distribution area of Larix gmelinii in The Greater Khingan Mountains as a case area by eliminating the heterogeneity of vegetation types, with the support of Google Earth Engine platform, we studied the effects of different aspects and land surface temperature (LST) on remote sensing phenology (RSP) that is defined as start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS) and length of growing season (LOS) respectively in the study area through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes. The results showed that SOS advanced in different aspects during the study period, and the advance amplitude of SOS on the east and west aspect was greater than that on the south and north. Except for the east aspect, EOS showed a slight postponed, and LOS was prolonged on all aspects. The latitude difference between 51° and 53° N had no significant effect on L. gmelinii in different aspects. LST had an obviously direct effect on the RSP of L. gmelinii in different aspects, and the effect of LST on SOS and LOS was significantly greater than that on EOS. The effect of LST on SOS and LOS was significant in April and spring. The main contributor to the increase of LOS was the advance of SOS, while the postponed of EOS has a relatively small contribution to LOS. Due to the redistribution of meteorological factor by aspect, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of RSP tends to be complex, so determining the same aspect is one of the main ways to reduce the phenological heterogeneity in the study of vegetation RSP.
Caudate-anchored cognitive connectivity pursuant to orthostatic hypotension in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yoo Sang-Won , Ha Seunggyun , Oh Yoon-Sang , Ryu Dong-Woo , Yoo Ji-Yeon , Lee Kwang-Soo , Kim Joong-Seok 
Published: December 2022

Abstract18F-Florbetaben is a tracer used to evaluate the metabolic activity of and amyloid accumulation in the brain when measured in early- and late-phase, respectively. The metabolism of neural substrates could be viewed as a network and might be an important factor in cognition. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) might play an indirect moderating role in cognition, and its latent influence could modify the inherent cognitive network. This study aimed to identify changes of cognitive connectivity according to orthostatic stress in patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study included 104 early PD patients who were evaluated with a head-up tilt-test and18F-Florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET). Cognition was assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery that gauged attention/working memory, language, visuospatial, memory, and executive functions. PET images were analyzed visually for amyloid deposits, and early-phase images were normalized to obtain standardized uptake ratios (SUVRs) of pre-specified subregions relevant to specific cognitive domains. The caudate nucleus was referenced and paired to these pre-specified regions. The correlations between SUVRs of these regions were assessed and stratified according to presence of orthostatic hypotension. Among the patients studied, 22 (21.2%) participants had orthostatic hypotension. Nineteen patients (18.3%) were positive for amyloid-β accumulation upon visual analysis. Moderate correlations between the caudate and pre-specified subregions were observed (Spearman’s rho, range [0.331–0.545]). Cognition did not differ, but the patterns of correlation were altered when the disease was stratified by presence of orthostatic stress. In conclusion, cognition in early PD responds to hemodynamic stress by adapting its neural connections between regions relevant to cognitive functions.
Surface protein profiling of prostate-derived extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry and proximity assays
Authors: Manouchehri Doulabi Ehsan , Fredolini Claudia , Gallini Radiosa , Löf Liza , Shen Qiujin , Ikebuchi Ryoyo , Dubois Louise , Azimi Alireza , Loudig Olivier , Gabrielsson Susanne , Landegren Ulf , Larsson Anders , Bergquist Jonas , Kamali-Moghaddam Masood 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication and a promising class of biomarkers. Surface proteins of EVs play decisive roles in establishing a connection with recipient cells, and they are putative targets for diagnostic assays. Analysis of the surface proteins can thus both illuminate the biological functions of EVs and help identify potential biomarkers. We developed a strategy combining high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and proximity ligation assays (PLA) to first identify and then validate surface proteins discovered on EVs. We applied our workflow to investigate surface proteins of small EVs found in seminal fluid (SF-sEV). We identified 1,014 surface proteins and verified the presence of a subset of these on the surface of SF-sEVs. Our work demonstrates a general strategy for deep analysis of EVs’ surface proteins across patients and pathological conditions, proceeding from unbiased screening by HRMS to ultra-sensitive targeted analyses via PLA.
Multiomics characteristics and immunotherapeutic potential of EZH2 in pan-cancer
Authors: Luo Lianghua , Wang Zhonghao , Hu Tengcheng , Feng Zongfeng , Zeng Qingwen , Shu Xufeng , Wu Ahao , Huang Pan , Cao Yi , Tu Yi , Li Zhengrong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a significant epigenetic regulator that plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. However, the multiomics features and immunological effects of EZH2 in pan-cancer remain unclear. Transcriptome and clinical raw data of pan-cancer samples were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and subsequent data analyses were conducted by using R software (version 4.1.0). Furthermore, numerous bioinformatics analysis databases also reapplied to comprehensively explore and elucidate the oncogenic mechanism and therapeutic potential of EZH2 from pan-cancer insight. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical assays were performed to verify the differential expression of EZH2 gene in various cancers at the mRNA and protein levels. EZH2 was widely expressed in multiple normal and tumor tissues, predominantly located in the nucleoplasm. Compared with matched normal tissues, EZH2 was aberrantly expressed in most cancers either at the mRNA or protein level, which might be caused by genetic mutations, DNA methylation, and protein phosphorylation. Additionally, EZH2 expression was correlated with clinical prognosis, and its up-regulation usually indicated poor survival outcomes in cancer patients. Subsequent analysis revealed that EZH2 could promote tumor immune evasion through T-cell dysfunction and T-cell exclusion. Furthermore, expression of EZH2 exhibited a strong correlation with several immunotherapy-associated responses (i.e., immune checkpoint molecules, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR) status, and neoantigens), suggesting that EZH2 appeared to be a novel target for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.
Small extracellular vesicles: a new player in GDM pathogenesis
Authors: Reyes Agafe Bless , Burger Dylan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a recent article published in Clinical Science, James-Allan et al. examined the effect of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) on glucose intolerance in pregnancy. This editorial commentary summarizes major findings from this study and discusses the impact on our understanding of the role of EVs in pregnancy
Multiscale anchor box and optimized classification with faster R‐CNN for object detection
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Ye , Qu Zhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor the two‐stage object detector as a faster region‐convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN), upgrading the accuracy of object recognition depends on the proposal box, which is generated by the region proposal algorithms. Due to the limitations of the anchor setting of Faster RCNN, the size of the proposal box generated by the region proposal network (RPN) used is large, which would easily cause a great number of overflows in the sliding search. To improve the accuracy of object detection and remit the overflow problem of the anchor box, multi‐scale anchor box and moving overflow anchor box strategies are introduced here. Then, to increase the positive sample range of the foreground, the hierarchical weight cross entropy classification function is set for binary classification in the RPN network. These strategies could improve the accuracy of object detection. The experimental result achieves 76.2% AP on the Pascal VOC 2007(VOC 07) dataset, which is 2.7% higher than the Faster R‐CNN. The result of the Pascal VOC 2012(VOC 12) test, we achieve 75.6% AP, is improved by 2.5% compared with the Faster R‐CNN.
Surgical versus Interventional Treatment of Concomitant Aortic Valve Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Elderia Ahmed , Gerfer Stephen , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Adam Matti , Baldus Stephan , Rahmanian Parwis , Kuhn Elmar , Wahlers Thorsten 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequently diagnosed in patients with aortic valve stenosis. Treatment options include surgical and interventional approaches. We therefore analyzed short-term outcomes of patients undergoing either coronary artery bypass grafting with simultaneous aortic valve replacement (CABG + AVR) or staged percutaneous coronary intervention and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (PCI + TAVI).
Methods From all patients treated since 2017, we retrospectively identified 237 patients undergoing TAVI within 6 months after PCI and 241 patients undergoing combined CABG + AVR surgery. Propensity score matching was performed, resulting in 101 matched pairs.
Results Patients in the CABG + AVR group were younger compared with patients in the PCI + TAVI group (71.9 ± 4.9 vs 81.4 ± 3.6 years; p < 0.001). The overall mortality at 30 days before matching was higher after CABG + AVR than after PCI + TAVI (7.8 vs 2.1%; p = 0.012). The paired cohort was balanced for both groups regarding demographic variables and the risk profile (age: 77.2 ± 3.7 vs78.5 ± 2.7 years; p = 0.141) and EuroSCORE II (6.2 vs 7.6%; p = 0.297). At 30 days, mortality was 4.9% in the CABG + AVR group and 1.0% in the PCI + TAVI group (p = 0.099). Rethoracotomy was necessary in 7.9% in the CABG + AVR, while conversion to open heart surgery was necessary in 2% in the PCI + TAVI group. The need for new pacemaker was lower after CABG + AVR than after PCI + TAVI (4.1 vs 6.9%; p = 0.010). No paravalvular leak (PVL) was noted in the CABG + AVR group, while the incidence of moderate-to-severe PVL after PCI + TAVI was 4.9% (p = 0.027).
Conclusion A staged interventional approach comprises a short-term survival advantage compared with combined surgery for management of CAD and aortic stenosis. However, PCI + TAVI show a significantly higher risk of atrioventricular block and PVL. Further long-term trials are warranted.
Markers of Hereditary Thrombophilia with Unclear Significance
Authors: Sachs Ulrich J. , Kirsch-Altena Anette , Müller Jens 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThrombophilia leads to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Widely accepted risk factors for thrombophilia comprise deficiencies of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin, as well as the factor V “Leiden” mutation, the prothrombin G20210A mutation, dysfibrinogenemia, and, albeit less conclusive, increased levels of factor VIII. Besides these established markers of thrombophilia, risk factors of unclear significance have been described in the literature. These inherited risk factors include deficiencies or loss-of-activity of the activity of ADAMTS13, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), thrombomodulin, protein Z (PZ), as well as PZ-dependent protease inhibitor. On the other hand, thrombophilia has been linked to the gain-of-activity, or elevated levels, of α2-antiplasmin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, coagulation factors IX (FIX) and XI (FXI), fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). With respect to the molecular interactions that may influence the thrombotic risk, more complex mechanisms have been described for endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and factor XIII (FXIII) Val34Leu. With focus on the risk for venous thrombosis, the present review aims to give an overview on the current knowledge on the significance of the aforementioned markers for thrombophilia screening. According to the current knowledge, there appears to be weak evidence for a potential impact of EPCR, FIX, FXI, FXIII Val34Leu, fibrinogen, homocysteine, PAI-1, PZ, TAFI, and TFPI on the thrombotic risk.
VAAFT PROCEDURE (Video-assisted Anal Fistula Treatment) versus Open Method in the Treatment of High Fistula in Ano
Authors: Kadhim Asaad Mohammed , Altaraikhim Madhi Hashim Otaiwi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background A common acquired anorectal condition is anal fistula. The treatment approaches that have been employed have been linked to erratic outcomes and sometimes life-threatening consequences. Video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT), a minimally invasive method, was introduced for adult patients in 2011.
Objective To know the efficacy of the VAAFT procedure in treating high anal fistulas and to compare it to open methods in the Basrah province.
Methods The present study was performed on 200 patients with high fistulas in ano in Basrah province. We divided the patients into 2 groups: Group A: treated by the VAAFT technique and Group B: treated by open fistulotomy
Results The patients treated with VAFFT revealed no occurrence of the following postoperative complication: Infection, incontinence, recurrence, anal stenosis, and bleeding. There was lower incidence of pain, short time for wound healing, rapid return to work, and more patient satisfaction compared with open fistulotomy
Conclusion An innovative method for managing ano fistula is VAAFT. Compared with traditional methods, it has a lot of benefits. It is day case surgeryno open wound.no damage to anal sphincter and no risk of incontinence, it is more affordable.it allow for clear identification of internal office, whole tract and its associated branches and cavity. The instrument can be used for multiple patients after good sterilization and disinfection.
Surgical Outcome of Modified Karydakis Flap and Modified Limberg Flab in the Management of Sacroccygeal Pilonidal Disease: A Comparative Study
Authors: Baz Yasser , Orban Yasser Ali , Ezzat Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a chronic suppurative condition of the sacrococcygeal region causing chronic sinus tract or cyst. It is an acquired complex disease more common in young adult males, causing considerable morbidity and long periods of interruption in work or education. From simple conservative techniques to complex flap reconstruction, many debatable treatment options are offered; however clear dynamics toward the widespread use of minimally invasive methods and off-midline flap reconstruction are suggested in all guidelines, which recommend the Karydakis and Limberg flap modification. The plethora of literature compares procedures for identification of a single best treatment approach, which has proven to be difficult. The surgical outcome of both techniques is compared in the present study.
Objective To compare the surgical outcomes of the modified Karydakis flap (MKF) versus the modified Limberg flap (MLF) in SPD.
Materials and Methods The present study was conducted at the general surgery department on SPD patients who were ≥18 years old. A total of 67 participants were included after obtaining the informed consent, with group A comprising 33 patients undergoing the MLF procedure and group B comprising 34 patients undergoing the MKF procedure.
Results The mean patient age was 28.85 (range, 18–44) years old. For the MKF and MLF methods, the average operating duration was 32.5 (range, 25–40) and 54.5 (range, 45–65) minutes, respectively. The MKF approach was found to significantly improve pain score, mean sitting painless time, return to normal activity, wound healing time, and patient satisfaction.
Conclusion Comparative outcomes were seen between both MKF and MLF; however, our findings show that MKF is a more favourable method than MLF with superior outcomes.
Management of Palatal Defects after Free-Flap Reconstruction and Radiotherapy
Authors: McIlwain Wesley , Inman Jared , Namin Arya , Kazi Aasif , Shumrick Christopher , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPalatal fistulas have significant effects on quality of life. Traditional prosthetic rehabilitation and surgical reconstruction of palate defects in radiation-naïve tissues are well described. However, palatal fistulas developing after initial tumor extirpation, free-flap reconstruction, and adjuvant radiation or chemoradiation are associated with challenging secondary tissue effects. In this review, we will discuss the management of palatal fistulas after surgical reconstruction and radiotherapy.
Elective Colorectal Surgery Service Provision during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Cunha Pedro Oscar R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe SARS-Cov-2 pandemic and its immediate public health impact has caused severe disruption of regular medical care provision. The morbimortality of other diseases continues to affect people regardless of the viral infection. Indeed, it would be reasonable to assume that they have been aggravated by the period of most restrictive public health measures that were adopted against the virus. Recovery and maintenance of healthcare provision is required despite the ongoing threat. Therefore, it is critical to resume services in a structured and safe way, otherwise greater harm could come to our patients and to ourselves. The present article proposes to be a broad guide to the recovery and maintenance of elective outpatient, surgical and lower endoscopic services, aiding the colorectal surgeon in identifying risks, assessing their multiple dimensions, and implementing risk management strategies in a pragmatic and efficacious way.
Study of the internal temperature of rigid polyurethane bodies using temperature sensors
Authors: Zhao HongKai , Gao JiaQi 
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the effect of filling polystyrene foam beads (EPS) on the foaming temperature regulation of rigid polyurethane (RPUF) composites and describes the temperature change process of the first 400 s of the foaming reaction for two systems with high foaming temperature and low foaming RPUF. Different contents of expandable EPS were used to regulate the foaming temperature of RPUF to reduce the internal structural defects of the composite foam material caused by excessive internal foaming temperature which is effectively optimized for its use and low cost. RPUF with HCFC-141B as the physical blowing agent and expandable EPS as the filler were studied. MATLAB software was used to simulate the foaming process of pure RPUF for both systems and to predict the foaming temperature. The comparison with experimental data was made, and it was concluded that the foaming temperature of pure RPUF was too high. In addition, the temperature of the EPS-doped PUF porous composites in the core region and the temperature variation of the upper and lower surfaces during the foaming process were measured using a probe temperature sensor. The internal temperature is represented by a three-dimensional temperature trapezoid. The maximum temperature of the foaming process decreases more rapidly with increasing EPS content. In addition, the high RPUF heat loss and the smaller EPS growth energy lead to an increase in the mass fraction.