bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In a rough spot: Declines in Arthroleptella rugosa calling densities are explained by invasive pine trees
Authors: Angus Oliver , Turner Andrew A. , Measey John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBasing conservation interventions on evidence is important for justifying their associated cost and gauging their effectiveness. For amphibians, the number of studies available to support conservation action plans is limited. Here, we sought to determine the effect of invasive pine trees on the calling densities of a Critically Endangered frog species, endemic to the Western Cape province in South Africa. The Rough Moss frog, Arthroleptella rugosa, is an anuran restricted to a small patch of fire‐driven fynbos habitat prone to invasion by Cluster Pines, Pinus pinaster. We use acoustic spatially explicit capture–recapture methods to estimate frog densities at multiple sites (n = 12) over ten years. Sites were classified as invaded or uninvaded by P. pinaster, and this information, along with the time since the last fire, were used as explanatory variables for frog density in a generalized linear mixed model. Frog densities were found to be significantly affected by P. pinaster invasion status. At invaded sites, there was a negative relationship between call densities and time since fire, while at uninvaded sites the same relationship was positive. These results confirm previous suggestions that invasive pine trees cause population declines in A. rugosa. Our findings can be used to support conservation interventions for A. rugosa, specifically the use of fire in an adaptive management context to control pine invasion across its range.
Phenological observations and trapping tactics for the granulate ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in New Zealand
Authors: Sutherland Roanne , Meurisse Nicolas , Pugh Andrew R. , Ranger Christopher M. , Reding Michael E. , Kerr Jessica L. , Russell Jessica , Withers Toni M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The granulate ambrosia beetle (GAB) Xylosandrus crassiusculus, was first formally detected in New Zealand in 2019. Since then, GAB has subsequently been found infesting numerous tree species in the Auckland region.
Flight intercept traps baited with ethanol lures were deployed from October 2019 to May 2021 at three sites in the Auckland region to ascertain the phenology of GAB in New Zealand. Two distinct peak flight periods were identified in early and late summer, while a smaller and inconsistent third peak was detected in early autumn. Logistical analysis of GAB captures in the ethanol‐lured traps and degree‐day (DD) accumulation indicated that 90% of flight activity is completed by 800 DD.
To assess monitoring tactics, flight intercept traps were baited with three different ethanol lures with varying release rates or ethanol‐soaked or non‐soaked wood bolts from three species of trees. A lure releasing 2 g ethanol per day was most effective at capturing GAB. Ethanol‐soaked bolts were less effective than the lures.
Xylosandrus crassiusculus represents a significant risk for shrubs and trees native to New Zealand, as well as commercial horticultural and forestry trees. We recommend using ethanol‐lured panel traps for monitoring purposes.
No loss of genetic divergence in Torymus sinensis following its release for Dryocosmus kuriphilus control in Europe
Authors: Avtzis Dimitrios N. , Eleftheriadou Nikoleta , Matošević Dinka , Ferracini Chiara , Faccoli Massimo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Arrival, establishment, and further dispersal of non‐native natural enemies are considered essential for a successful biological control programme, while among the factors that may determine the success of such a programme, genetic diversity of the introduced population plays an important role in the establishment of a non‐native species.
The Chinese parasitoid wasp Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) was initially released in Europe in Italy to control biologically the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), and reduce the damage induced on sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller). In the following years, T. sinensis was then released in numerous other European countries as a biological control agent of D. kuriphilus. Its presence has also been reported beyond the countries of release due to rapid natural dispersal.
To assess the post‐release genetic diversity of D. kuriphilus, we screened T. sinensis populations from six European countries and tested the possibility of these populations suffering from frequently observed genetic effects that could threaten its successful establishment in Europe.
Our results exhibit that T. sinensis populations have suffered neither from the Allee effect nor from genetic bottleneck after their release and establishment in Europe, something that increases the possibility to effectively control D. kuriphilus in Europe.
Malignant polyps in the COVID‐19 era: a population‐based analysis
Authors: Zammit Andrew P. , Brown Ian , Hooper John D. , Clark David A. , Riddell Andrew D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMalignant polyps represent the early development of colorectal adenocarcinoma. During 2020, there was widescale rationing of health‐care resources in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. In particular there was deferral of some colonoscopy procedures required for timely malignant polyp detection. This study sought to assess how these deferrals affected the diagnosis of malignant polyps.MethodsA population wide analysis was performed of 2079 malignant polyps, diagnosed in Queensland, Australia from 2011 to 2020. A regression analysis, with 95% prediction intervals, was produced to determine whether there was a significant impact on the number of malignant polyps diagnosed in 2020 compared to previous years. Univariate statistical analysis of patient, procedural, and pathological variables was also performed.ResultsIn 2020 there were 211 malignant polyps diagnosed, which was significantly lower than was predicted by the univariate regression analysis (r2 = 0.85, 95% prediction interval: 255.07–323.91, P < 0.001). These malignant polyps were less likely to be diagnosed in a private setting (P < 0.001), and exhibited significantly less depth of submucosal invasion (P = 0.017). There was no significant difference in the management strategy (polypectomy, resection or trans‐anal resection) between 2011 and 2019 and 2020.ConclusionBecause of the significant decrease in the number of malignant polyps, and the natural history of the disease, it is expected that there will be an increase in more advanced colorectal adenocarcinomas presenting in 2021 and beyond. This has implications for healthcare resources, particularly in light of the ongoing strain on health departments as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Perspectives of vets on plastics in veterinary medicine
Authors: Siegler P , Wiethoelter A , Hufschmid J 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe use of disposable plastics and their subsequent environmental impacts are topics of increasing concern in modern society. Medical, including veterinary, sectors are major contributors to plastic waste production. While there is an existing body of literature on the use and reduction of disposable plastics in the human medical sector, few studies, if any, have specifically investigated the use of plastics within the veterinary field. The overall aim of this pilot study was to investigate Australian veterinarians regarding their attitudes toward the ways in which they use disposable plastic in their work and personal lives.Materials and MethodsSeven veterinarians were interviewed, representing a range of demographics and professional backgrounds from multiple states. Thematic qualitative analysis was employed to organise the data into several major themes encompassing many smaller nodes.ResultsThe dataset revealed that most, if not all, veterinarians interviewed agree that disposable plastic is used in excess in veterinary medicine, but that veterinarians will never be able to avoid using plastic entirely. Participants supplied differing opinions with respect to the best strategies for reducing plastic waste production within the veterinary field, including recycling, replacing disposable items or improving education.DiscussionDespite different participants suggesting conflicting ideas, most, if not all, of the ideas presented have support in the scientific literature. This supports a hybrid approach involving refining recycling systems, reducing plastic consumption and improving education on plastic waste production. A hybrid top‐down‐bottom‐up approach must include encouraging cooperation among stakeholders, both within and outside the veterinary sector, as this will be a major contributor to progress. In a broader context, this hybrid approach to inciting change at all levels of the veterinary sector will require engagement from many interdependent entities; as such, this study should act as a starting point for an ongoing process of cooperative change. Recommendations for future research include life cycle analyses of reusable versus disposable veterinary materials; exploring ways to expand sustainability education within and beyond the veterinary sector, and examining methods of improving technology and infrastructure.
Diving deep into the dark side: A review and examination of research on organizational misconduct in emerging markets
Authors: Anand Amitabh , Rottig Daniel , Parameswar Nakul , Zwerg‐Villegas Anne Marie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor three decades, scholars have investigated the phenomena of organizational misconduct (OM) in the fields of business ethics, management, and organization studies. In recent years, the construct has gained increased attention due to widely reported corruption, bribery, crime, violations, and other acts of immorality undertaken by organizations, especially in emerging markets. Despite its popularity, review studies on OM are sparse, and no systematic review of research on OM in the context of emerging markets exists. This article attempts to fill this void by analyzing the literature on OM in the specific context of emerging markets based on a systematic review methodology and integration approach. Based on the findings of our literature review, we develop an integrative model of the antecedents and consequences of OM in emerging markets and discuss important moderators that may curtail the development of OM and alleviate its consequences. In doing so, we provide scholars with a conceptual model and overview of the current knowledge and findings on the topic. We further discuss important gaps in the literature and provide fruitful avenues for future work that we believe are promising to advance our understanding of OM in the context of emerging markets.
Monolithic hybrid abutment crowns (screw‐retained) versus monolithic hybrid abutments with adhesively cemented monolithic crowns
Authors: Naumann Michael , Scholz Patricia , Krois Joachim , Schwendicke Falk , Sterzenbach Guido , Happe Arndt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to compare monolithic hybrid abutment crowns (screw‐retained) versus monolithic hybrid abutments with adhesively cemented monolithic single‐tooth crowns.Materials and MethodsTwenty subjects in need of an implant‐borne restoration were randomly assigned to receive either a cement‐retained (CRR) or a screw‐retained (SRR) implant‐supported monolithic lithium disilicate (LS2) reconstruction. Each patient received a titanium implant with in internal conic connection. After osseointegration and second‐stage surgery, healing abutments were placed for about 10 days. The type of restoration (CRR vs. SRR) was randomly assigned, and the restorations were manufactured of monolithic LS2. Both types of restorations, CRR and SRR, were based on a titanium component (Ti‐base) that was bonded to the abutment (CRR) or the crown (SRR). The follow‐up period for all restoration was 36 months. Clinical outcome was evaluated according to Functional Implant Prosthetic Score (FIPS). Quality of live (OHIP) and patient's satisfaction were assessed using patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). Primary endpoint was loss of restoration for any reason. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed and log‐rank testing was performed (p < .05).ResultsOne restoration of group CRR failed after 6 months due to loss of adhesion between Ti‐base and individual abutment. No further biological or technical failures occurred. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no significant difference between both treatment options (p = .317). There was no statistically significant difference between both types of restoration, neither for FIPS, OHIP, treatment time nor patient satisfaction (p > .05).ConclusionMonolithic hybrid abutment crowns (screw‐retained) and monolithic hybrid abutment with adhesively cemented monolithic crowns using lithium disilicate showed no statistically significant difference for implant‐based reconstructions in this pilot RCT setting.
Warming drives poleward range contractions of Beringian endemic plant species at high latitudes
Authors: Oke Tobi A. , Stralberg Diana , Reid Donald G. , Bennett Bruce A. , Cannings Syd , Willier Caitlin , Fulkerson Justin R. , Cooke Hilary A. , Mantyka‐Pringle Chrystal S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimSpecies are expected to disperse poleward in response to climate change. For species that are endemic to the high latitudes, this implies that many in the future would face a “no‐where‐to‐go” situation as they are currently occupying the northernmost portion of the continent. Further, because endemism may arise from a combination of physical barriers, climate and geological history, the persistence of many species may require spatial matching of multiple environmental factors within a limited dispersal space. Thus, it is not clear how endemic species might spatially adjust their distributions in response to climate change and whether there are future climate change refugia for these species.LocationNorthwest North America.TaxaPlants.Time PeriodCurrent and the future (2040).MethodsWe used ensemble bioclimatic models to evaluate drivers and directional patterns of future change in the distributions of 66 North American Beringian and amphi‐Beringian species currently occurring in Alaska and the Yukon. We explored the spatial pattern of species richness, losses and climate change refugia across the region.ResultsMore than 80% of the species showed northward shifts in their latitudinal centroids under intermediate warming and are expected to shift their range northward by more than 140 km on average by 2040. Additionally, more than 60% were projected to experience range contractions and up to 20% of the species would have the potential to expand their ranges by more than 100%.Main ConclusionsSuitable habitat for endemic species in northwest North America is expected to decline significantly, especially for species occupying the Arctic tundra. Although the models identified several potential refugia from future climate change, especially at high latitude and elevation, whether the species would be able to colonize new habitats on their own and/or capitalize sufficiently on in situ refugia remains a pertinent conservation question.
Presenteeism when employers are under pressure: evidence from a high‐stakes environment
Authors: Lackner Mario , Sonnabend Hendrik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study analyses whether the decision to work while sick can be linked to workload fluctuations. Drawing on data collected from professional football, we exploit the dynamics of a season and use additional (national and international) cup games conducted in the second half of a season as a source of exogenous variation. We find robust evidence that players are 6.3 percentage points more likely to return from injuries earlier than expected when their teams are exposed to a high workload. The effect is driven by players who are more important to their teams and those who are less vulnerable to injuries. Finally, we find that presenteeism comes at the cost of an early comeback significantly shortening the time until the next injury by approximately 16 days.
White matter hyperintensity burden predicts cognitive but not motor decline in Parkinson's disease: results from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Initiative
Authors: Carvalho de Abreu Daniela Cristina , Pieruccini‐Faria Frederico , Sarquis‐Adamson Yanina , Black Alanna , Fraser Julia , Van Ooteghem Karen , Cornish Benjamin , Grimes David , Jog Mandar , Masellis Mario , Steeves Thomas , Nanayakkara Nuwan , Ramirez Joel , Scott Christopher , Holmes Melissa , Ozzoude Miracle , Berezuk Courtney , Symons Sean , Mohammad Hassan Haddad Seyyed , Arnott Stephen R. , Binns Malcolm , Strother Stephen , Beaton Derek , Sunderland Kelly , Theyers Athena , Tan Brian , Zamyadi Mojdeh , Levine Brian , Orange Joseph B. , Roberts Angela C. , Lou Wendy , Sujanthan Sujeevini , Breen David P. , Marras Connie , Kwan Donna , Adamo Sabrina , Peltsch Alicia , Troyer Angela K. , Black Sandra E. , McLaughlin Paula M. , Lang Anthony E. , McIlroy William , Bartha Robert ,   ONDRI Investigators, Montero‐Odasso Manuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) negatively affects brain network connectivity, and in the presence of brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) cognitive and motor impairments seem to be aggravated. However, the role of WMHs in predicting accelerating symptom worsening remains controversial. The objective was to investigate whether location and segmental brain WMH burden at baseline predict cognitive and motor declines in PD after 2 years.MethodsNinety‐eight older adults followed longitudinally from Ontario Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Initiative with PD of 3–8 years in duration were included. Percentages of WMH volumes at baseline were calculated by location (deep and periventricular) and by brain region (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes and basal ganglia + thalamus). Cognitive and motor changes were assessed from baseline to 2‐year follow‐up. Specifically, global cognition, attention, executive function, memory, visuospatial abilities and language were assessed as were motor symptoms evaluated using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III, spatial–temporal gait variables, Freezing of Gait Questionnaire and Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale.ResultsRegression analysis adjusted for potential confounders showed that total and periventricular WMHs at baseline predicted decline in global cognition (p < 0.05). Also, total WMH burden predicted the decline of executive function (p < 0.05). Occipital WMH volumes also predicted decline in global cognition, visuomotor attention and visuospatial memory declines (p < 0.05). WMH volumes at baseline did not predict motor decline.ConclusionWhite matter hyperintensity burden at baseline predicted cognitive but not motor decline in early to mid‐stage PD. The motor decline observed after 2 years in these older adults with PD is probably related to the primary neurodegenerative process than comorbid white matter pathology.
Intracranial carotid artery calcification morphology differs in patients with lacunar and nonlacunar acute ischemic strokes
Authors: Mazzacane Federico , Del Bello Beatrice , Ferrari Federica , Persico Alessandra , Rognone Elisa , Pichiecchio Anna , Padovani Alessandro , Cavallini Anna , Morotti Andrea , Arba Francesco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIntracranial carotid artery calcifications (ICACs) are a common finding on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and have been associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. However, no data are available about the association between ICAC patterns and stroke etiology. We investigated the association between ICAC patterns and etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a single center cohort of patients admitted for ischemic stroke with known etiology. Each carotid artery was evaluated separately on NCCT scans to define the ICAC pattern (intimal, medial, mixed). The association between ICAC patterns and stroke etiology was investigated using logistic regression models adjusting for relevant confounders.ResultsA total of 485 patients were included (median age = 78 [interquartile range (IQR) = 70–85] years, 243 [50%] female, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale = 6 [IQR = 3–12]). Frequencies of ICAC patterns were: intimal, n = 96 (20%); medial, n = 273 (56%); mixed, n = 51 (11%), indistinct/absent, n = 65 (13%) patients. Intimal pattern was more frequent in lacunar compared with nonlacunar (33% vs. 16%, p < 0.001) stroke etiology, whereas medial pattern was less frequent in lacunar compared with nonlacunar stroke (36% vs. 62%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, intimal ICAC predominant pattern remained associated with lacunar stroke etiology in two multivariate models (Model 1: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–3.56; Model 2: aOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.16–3.46).ConclusionsOur study suggests that intimal ICAC pattern is associated with lacunar stroke and may serve as a marker for lacunar stroke etiology, possibly strengthening the relation between endothelial dysfunction and lacunar stroke.
Endotracheal tube obstruction due to cuff overinflation or cuff herniation in small equids: A case series
Authors: Veen Iris , de Grauw Janny C. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAdequate inflation of the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff is important to avoid leakage of anaesthetic gases or aspiration of gastric contents and to allow positive pressure ventilation. However, overinflation or herniation of the cuff can cause tracheal mucosal damage and in rare cases even obstruction of the ETT. ETT obstruction due to the cuff itself may be an underrecognised phenomenon in equine practice and we aim to create awareness with this retrospective case series (n = 3). Cases identified between 2014 and 2021 with (partial) ETT obstruction due to cuff overinflation or cuff herniation at the Utrecht University Equine Clinic were selected. Anaesthesia records were examined and presented. Two cases occurred in foals and one in a pony. In each case, high airway pressure was encountered and no or minimal thoracic excursions were visible. In all three cases, cuff deflation led to immediate normalisation of ventilation parameters. When presented with an intubated patient that is difficult to ventilate and high airway pressures exist, ETT cuff overinflation or herniation should be considered as a possible cause; rapid cuff deflation should be included in algorithms for management of ventilation failure due to suspected airway obstruction.
A calculation method for the mode II fracture energy release rate of dissimilar materials adhesively bonded structures
Authors: Wang Jian , Ding Huiming , Jiang Junxia , Bi Yunbo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNowadays, fracture characterization of dissimilar materials adhesively bonded structures still generally refers to standards for fiber‐reinforced plastic composites. Moreover, the calculation methods of fracture energy release rate specified in these standards often lead to great deviation due to the differences in material properties and geometry. In this paper, dissimilar materials corrected beam theory with effective crack length (DM‐CBTE) method for calculation of mode II fracture energy release rate of dissimilar materials adhesively bonded structures was proposed. The differences in material properties and geometry as well as the effect of clamp were all considered. The experimental and J‐integral numerical analysis results showed that the maximum deviation of the GIIC calculated by the methods recommended in standard from the J‐integral result is 28% while that by the DM‐CBTE method is only 5%, which proved good feasibility of the DM‐CBTE method for evaluation of mode II fracture performance of dissimilar materials adhesively bonded structures.