bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse fluence noise dynamics at free-space propagation
Authors: Martyanov Mikhail , Khazanov Efim 
Published: July 2023

The dynamics of fluence noise of an optical pulse at free-space (e.g., vacuum) propagation has been studied. It has been shown that the fluence noise with high spatial frequency is effectively cleaned out from the primary smooth pulse either by spatial walk-off or by temporal delay at a relatively small propagation distance. This effect can be referred to as spatial and temporal self-filtering and is of major interest in ultra-high-power and ultra-short-pulse applications. The study comprises a rigorous theory and a few relevant numerical simulation examples.
Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and self-paced time-trial performance in older untrained men
Authors: Chia Eevon , Marino Frank E. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study examined the effect of 12 weeks of concurrent aerobic and resistance training on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, neuromuscular performance and cerebral oxygenation on self-paced cycling exercise in previously untrained older men.

Methods
Eight untrained healthy males aged 53–64 years performed a familiarisation and a pre-training self-paced cycling time trial before 12 weeks of exercise training which combined aerobic and resistance exercise. The self-paced cycling time trial comprised a 30 s maximal effort sprint for every 4.5 min of lower intensity pace for a total of 25 min. Upon completion of 12 weeks of training, a comparison of the pre-training trial analysed for serum BDNF, neuromuscular performance, and cerebral oxygenation was undertaken.

Results
Serum BDNF decreased significantly from 10.02 ± 4.63 to 6.96 ± 3.56 ng/ml after 12 weeks of training. There was also attenuated physiological strain for a comparable self-paced cycling performance. Despite positive physiological responses during the time trial pacing strategy was not altered compared with pre training.

Conclusion
BDNF decreases following 12 weeks of concurrent training and might reflect neuroplasticity for this type of training stimulus. Exercise training in previously sedentary older men can result in a multitude of physical benefits, which may also confer a neuroprotective effect. However, specific training is required to improve pacing strategies in previously untrained older males.

Clinical trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12622001477718.
Sprint design – aplicação em portal web de serviços públicos de São Paulo - SP, Brasil
Authors: Pelinson Taís , Campese Carina 
Published: July 2023

O sprint design é um método aplicado em cinco dias utilizado pelo google venture para gerar novas ideias conectadas à gestão estratégica, inovação, ciência comportamental e design para softwares, marketing, serviços e outras áreas, além de garantir uma busca de soluções mais eficiente, rápida e focada nos desafios. A abrangência de assuntos nos quais o sprint design pode ser aplicado permitiu a escolha de um tema a ser tratado, que é o objetivo desse trabalho: a execução do método em um projeto de arquitetura da informação de um portal web de serviços públicos do município de São Paulo. Neste trabalho éapresentado um ciclo de sprint design aplicado junto a uma equipe de transformação digital de serviços públicos, cidadãos e servidores públicos da cidade de São Paulo para encontrar soluções ao desafio proposto de dificuldade em entender as informações do site em questão. Pelo resultado do método executado no contexto da gestão pública com algumas adaptações, foi possível perceber a eficácia e garantia de entrega de uma solução co-construída entre governo e cidadãos de forma rápida, eficiente, testada e focada nos munícipes. Além disso, tornou-se perceptível que a inclusão de servidores públicos e de cidadãos no processo do sprint design contribuiu para expandir uma cultura de fomento à inovação e construção de políticas públicas da agenda de governo digital junto à sociedade.
Caffeine intake almost always affects physical performance and cognitive processes responsible for awareness
Authors: De Giorgio Roberto 
Published: July 2023

Sports foods and supplements can play a significant role in the sports nutrition plans of high-level athletes. It has been found that taking specific dietary supplements can have ergogenic and performance-enhancing effects. Over the past two decades, there have been no major changes in the recommendations for caffeine supplementation. However, scientific knowledge has been significant in recent times, such that the state of the art needs to be updated. This study aims to confirm that caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), a substance found in beverages such as coffee, tea and energy drinks, can be both an ergogenic support for individuals engaged in physical activity and an effective cognitive support. In this context, this review outlines the current framework of knowledge. The relationship between the uses and effects of caffeine in power and endurance sports has been demonstrated. In order to achieve and maintain the high levels of performance required in sporting events, planning proper sports diet supplementation can only strengthen and revitalize athletes after strenuous training. Furthermore, the effects of caffeine intake on the state of alertness have been evaluated in the military as well. Significant physical performance, such as marching over rough terrain, sometimes with very heavy loads, may be required during military training and tactical operations. In addition, operational situations with reduced or sleep deprivation may occur.Thus, several studies argue that genetic background, diet, gender identity and hormonal status have a bearing on the absorption, metabolism and physiological and functional effects of caffeine. Regarding the key points - individualized dosages and timing of caffeine intake - it would be desirable to go further with the studies to optimize the effects of caffeine.
Compensation mechanisms for post-traumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis
Authors: Borzykh K. O. , Rerikh V. V. 
Published: July 2023

Objective. To identify the mechanism of deformity compensation in patients with post-traumatic kyphosis of the thoracolumbar junction, based on the analysis of X-ray results of surgical treatment.Material and Methods. The study included data obtained from medical records of 69 patients (47 women, 22 men) operated on for painful post-traumatic kyphosis at the levels of T12, L1 and L2 vertebra. Patients underwent staged surgical interventions in a single surgical session. Demographic data and X-ray results of surgical treatment were evaluated.Results. As a result of surgical interventions, post-traumatic kyphosis (LK) was corrected to an average of 1.9°. After correction of kyphosis, statistically significant changes in the parameters of sagittal spinal curvatures were revealed: an increase in thoracic kyphosis (TK), a decrease in lumbar lordosis (LL), including due to lower lumbar lordosis (LowLL). At the same time, the parameters of the spinopelvic balance (PT, SS) did not change. Statistically significant correlations (p < 0.001) were detected between the magnitude of local kyphosis correction (LK preOP-LKpostOP), which amounted to 33.63° ± 8.77°, and parameters of lumbar lordosis ΔLL, thoracic kyphosis ΔTK and ΔPI-LL. Parameters of global sagittal balance and pelvic balance did not show correlations with the magnitude of kyphosis correction. The X-ray study of patients in Group I (without signs of initial sagittal imbalance) and Group II (with signs of sagittal imbalance) revealed a statistically significant difference in global balance (GT) and spinopelvic balance (PT, SS, LowLL), both before and after correction intervention in the thoracolumbar junction area, despite comparable indicators of sagittal spinal curvatures and the magnitude of post-traumatic kyphosis,.Conclusion. The main compensation mechanism includes changes in the spinal departments adjacent to kyphosis: a decrease in thoracic kyphosis and an increase in lumbar lordosis, rather than changes in the global or spinopelvic balance.
The effectiveness of growth-friendly systems in the treatment of early onset scoliosis: a systematic review
Authors: Molotkov Yu. V. , Ryabykh S. O. , Filatov E. Yu. , Sergeenko O. M. , Khuzhanazarov I. E. , Eshkulov D. I. 
Published: July 2023

Objective. To perform a systematic analysis of the literature evaluating the effectiveness of growth-friendly systems in the treatment of early onset scoliosis.Material and Methods. A subject search was conducted in the Google Scholar database for the terms “growing rods”, “early onset scoliosis”, “treatment”, “surgery” and “growth-friendly” using AND or OR logical operators with a search depth of 10 years. At the first stage, 824 abstracts of publications were selected. The second stage of search was carried out in accordance with the PICOS criteria, 38 abstracts of original studies, case series and reviews of surgical techniques for spinal deformity correction with preservation of growth potential were selected. The evaluation criteria were divided into four groups: general data, correction of the frontal and sagittal components of the deformity, complications and unplanned scenarios.Results. In the analyzed studies, gender equality of distribution was observed, and the average age at the time of the primary operation was 6.6 years for patients with traditional growing rods (TGR) and Schilla/Luque trolley and 4.9 years for patients with Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR). From the point of view of the magnitude of spinal deformity correction, the VEPTR systems demonstrated the minimum result (18 % correction), and the TGR and Schilla results were comparable (42.1 and 53.1 %, respectively), as well as the indicators of the dynamics of body lengthening.Conclusion. The use of VEPTR systems is associated with a high risk of complications and a somewhat lower efficiency of spinal deformity correction, however, VEPTR is indispensable in the treatment of thoracic insufficiency syndrome, as well as severe deformities of the axial skeleton in young children using non-vertebral fixation points. Growth modulation systems (Schilla and Luque trolley) showed deformity correction results similar to those of TGR.
A new assessment method for right ventricular diastolic function using right heart catheterization by pressure‐volume loop
Authors: Isotani Yoshitaka , Amiya Eisuke , Hatano Masaru , Kiriyama Hiroyuki , Uehara Masae , Ishida Junichi , Tsuji Masaki , Bujo Chie , Narita Koichi , Ishii Satoshi , Kakuda Nobutaka , Minatsuki Shun , Yagi Hiroki , Saito Akihito , Numata Genri , Yamada Takanobu , Kurihara Takahiro , Suzuki Tatsuya , Komuro Issei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiastolic stiffness coefficient (β) and end‐diastolic elastance (Eed) are ventricular‐specific diastolic parameters. However, the diastolic function of right ventricle had not been investigated sufficiently due to the lack of established evaluation method. We evaluated the validity of these parameters calculated using only data of right heart catheterization (RHC) and assessed it in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) and cardiac amyloidosis. We retrospectively analyzed 46 patients with heart failure who underwent RHC within 10 days of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Right ventricular end‐diastolic volume and end‐systolic volume were calculated using only RHC data, which were found to be finely correlated with those obtained from CMR. β and Eed calculated by this method were also significantly correlated with those derived from conventional method using CMR. By this method, β and Eed were significantly higher in RCM with amyloidosis group than dilated cardiomyopathy group. In addition, the β and Eed calculated by our method were finely correlated with E/A ratio on echocardiography. We established an easy method to estimate β and Eed of right ventricle from only RHC. The method finely demonstrated right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with RCM and amyloidosis.
Determining Factors of Asset Misappropriation Tendency by Employees in Perspective of Fraud Hexagon Theory
Authors: Wahyulistyo Farlina , Cahyonowati Nur - 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose: This study aims to provide empirical evidence and analyze factors that contribute to asset misappropriation by employees through the fraud hexagon theory perspective. The theory consists of six components that trigger fraud, such as stimulus (incentives), opportunities, rationalization, capabilities, ego, and collusion. In this study, the stimulus factor is divided into financial and non-financial (job pressure).Method: The study obtains data by distributing questionnaires to 218 participants employees from 5 departments of XTZ Hospital in Semarang. Only those who work in structural and functional positions are the participants, considering they are responsible for the hospital asset management. To collect data, this study implements a proportional stratified random sampling method, and test the hypothesis by using the 7.0 version of WarpPLS analysis tool.Findings: The results indicate that financial pressure, opportunity, capability, ego, and collusion influence asset misappropriation. Meanwhile, non-financial pressure (job pressure) and rationalization do not contribute to misappropriation.Novelty: This research implies an overview of why the management has to carefully review the factors that lead to asset misappropriation in the workplace. Besides, these can be used for formulating guidelines to prevent misappropriation. Keywords: Financial pressure, fraud hexagon theory, asset misappropriation
La mutación neoliberal del sistema educativo italiano desde los años 2000 hasta el umbral del Plan Nacional de Recuperación y Resiliencia
Authors: Borrelli Davide , Latempa Rossella 
Published: July 2023

Analizamos las políticas aplicadas en el sistema escolar y universitario italiano como parte del “Plan Nacional de Recuperación y Resiliencia”, es decir, las reformas adoptadas por el gobierno italiano y financiadas con fondos europeos para hacer frente a la crisis pandémica. Estas medidas parecen plenamente coherentes con las políticas educativas de las dos últimas décadas. Argumentamos que la política italiana aprovechó una nueva crisis para acelerar los procesos de reforma, superando las resistencias políticas y culturales a una agenda neoliberal pretendidamente modernizadora que se viene persiguiendo desde principios de la década de 2000. El aparente giro educativo que se está produciendo con el PNRR puede considerarse como una forma de “gatopardismo”, es decir, una estrategia que sigue el principio enunciado por uno de los personajes de El Gatopardo de Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, por el que “si queremos que todo siga como está, es preciso que todo cambie”.
Preliminary Reach of an Information Technology Approach to Support COVID-19 Testing in Schools
Authors: Stump Tammy K. , Wetter David W. , Kuzmenko Tatyana , Orleans Brian , Kolp Leighann , Wirth Jennifer , Del Fiol Guilherme , Chipman Jonathan , Haaland Benjamin , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Hersh Adam L. , Wu Yelena P. 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVESSCALE-UP Counts tests population health management interventions to promote coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing in kindergarten through 12th-grade schools that serve populations that have been historically marginalized.METHODSWithin 6 participating schools, we identified 3506 unique parents/guardians who served as the primary contact for at least 1 student. Participants were randomized to text messaging (TM), text messaging + health navigation (HN) (TM + HN), or usual care. Bidirectional texts provided COVID-19 symptom screening, along with guidance on obtaining and using tests as appropriate. If parents/guardians in the TM + HN group were advised to test their child but either did not test or did not respond to texts, they were called by a trained health navigator to address barriers.RESULTSParticipating schools served a student population that was 32.9% non-white and 15.4% Hispanic, with 49.6% of students eligible to receive free lunches. Overall, 98.8% of parents/guardians had a valid cell phone, of which 3.8% opted out. Among the 2323 parents/guardians included in the intervention, 79.6% (n = 1849) were randomized to receive TM, and 19.1% (n = 354) engaged with TM (ie, responded to at least 1 message). Within the TM + HN group (40.1%, n = 932), 1.3% (n = 12) qualified for HN at least once, of which 41.7% (n = 5) talked to a health navigator.CONCLUSIONSTM and HN are feasible ways to reach parents/guardians of kindergarten through 12th-grade students to provide COVID-19 screening messages. Strategies to improve engagement may strengthen the impact of the intervention.
School Attendance Decisions for Children With Medical Complexity During COVID-19
Authors: Coller Ryan J. , Kelly Michelle M. , Eickhoff Jens , Johnson Sara B. , Zhao Qianqian , Warner Gemma , Katz Barbara , Butteris Sabrina M. , Ehlenbach Mary L. , Koval Shawn , Howell Kristina Devi , DeMuri Gregory P. 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVESchool attendance by children with medical complexity (CMC) may be influenced by parent perceptions of their child’s risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors of this study aimed to quantify in-person school attendance and identify attendance predictors.METHODSFrom June to August 2021, surveys were collected from English- and Spanish-speaking parents of children aged 5 to 17 years with ≥1 complex chronic condition who received care at an academic tertiary children’s hospital in the Midwestern United States and who attended school prepandemic. The outcome, in-person attendance, was defined dichotomously as any in-person attendance versus none. We evaluated parent-perceived school attendance benefits, barriers, motivation, and cues, COVID-19 severity and susceptibility using survey items derived from the health belief model (HBM). Latent HBM constructs were estimated with exploratory factor analysis. Associations between the outcome and the HBM were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression and structural equation models.RESULTSAmong 1330 families (response rate 45%), 19% of CMC were not attending in-person school. Few demographic and clinical variables predicted school attendance. In adjusted models, family-perceived barriers, motivation, and cues predicted in-person attendance, whereas benefits, susceptibility, and severity did not. The predicted probability (95% confidence interval) of attendance ranged from 80% (70% to 87%) for high perceived barriers to 99% (95% to 99%) for low perceived barriers. Younger age (P &lt;.01) and previous COVID-19 infection (P = .02) also predicted school attendance.CONCLUSIONSOverall, 1 in 5 CMC did not attend school at the end of the 2020 to 2021 academic year. Family perceptions of schools’ mitigation policies and encouragement of attendance may be promising avenues to address this disparity.
In-Person Instruction and Educational Outcomes of K–8 Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Uthappa Diya M. , Pak Joyce , McGann Kathleen A. , Brookhart M. Alan , McKinzie Kaylee , Abdelbarr Mariam , Cockrell Jed , Hickerson Jesse , Armstrong Sarah , D’Agostino Emily M. , Weber David J. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Boutzoukas Angelique E. ,   ABC Science Collaborative
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES
Quantify the relationship between district policy permitting in-person instruction and educational outcomes during the 2020 to 2021 academic year for kindergarten through eighth grade students.

METHODS
An ecological, repeated cross-sectional analysis of grade-level proficiency of students enrolled in public school districts in North Carolina (n = 115 school districts) was conducted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between the proportion of the school year a district spent in-person and 2020 to 2021 end-of-year student proficiency in the district. We then fit a multivariable linear regression model, weighted by district size, and adjusted for district-level 2018 to 2019 proficiency and district-level factors (rural or urban, area deprivation).

RESULTS
Compared to 2018 to 2019, there was a 12.1% decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.8–19.3) in mathematics and an 18.1% decrease (95% CI: 10.8–13.4) in reading proficiency across the state at the end of 2020 to 2021. Compared to a district that remained entirely remote for the 2020 to 2021 school year, a district offering full in-person instruction had 12% (95% CI: 11%–12.9%) and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.5%–4.8%) more students achieve grade-level proficiency in mathematics and reading, respectively. In-person instruction was associated with greater increases in mathematics proficiency than reading, and greater increases in elementary-level students’ proficiency than middle school–level.

CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of students achieving grade-level proficiency in 2020 to 2021 fell below prepandemic levels at each evaluated time point in the academic year. Increased time spent in-person by a school district was associated with an increased proportion of students achieving grade-level end-of-grade proficiency in both mathematics and reading.
Co-occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents
Authors: Kahn Nicole F. , Sequeira Gina M. , Garrison Michelle M. , Orlich Felice , Christakis Dimitri A. , Aye Tandy , Conard Lee Ann E. , Dowshen Nadia , Kazak Anne E. , Nahata Leena , Nokoff Natalie J. , Voss Raina V. , Richardson Laura P. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria (GD) frequently cooccur. However, existing research has primarily used smaller samples, limiting generalizability and the ability to assess further demographic variation. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the prevalence of cooccurring ASD and GD diagnoses among US adolescents aged 9 to 18 and (2) identify demographic differences in the prevalence of cooccurring ASD and GD diagnoses.

METHODS
This secondary analysis used data from the PEDSnet learning health system network of 8 pediatric hospital institutions. Analyses included descriptive statistics and adjusted mixed logistic regression testing for associations between ASD and GD diagnoses and interactions between ASD diagnosis and demographic characteristics in the association with GD diagnosis.

RESULTS
Among 919 898 patients, GD diagnosis was more prevalent among youth with an ASD diagnosis compared with youth without an ASD diagnosis (1.1% vs 0.6%), and adjusted regression revealed significantly greater odds of GD diagnosis among youth with an ASD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 2.72–3.31). Cooccurring ASD/GD diagnoses were more prevalent among youth whose electronic medical record-reported sex was female and those using private insurance, and less prevalent among youth of color, particularly Black and Asian youth.

CONCLUSIONS
Results indicate that youth whose electronic medical record-reported sex was female and those using private insurance are more likely, and youth of color are less likely, to have cooccurring ASD/GD diagnoses. This represents an important step toward building services and supports that reduce disparities in access to care and improve outcomes for youth with cooccurring ASD/GD and their families.