bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the Attachment Design and Thickness of Clear Aligners during Orthodontic Anterior Retraction: Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Alhasyimi Ananto Ali , Ayub Aulia , Farmasyanti Cendrawasih Andusyana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective Clear aligner treatment (CAT) provides orthodontic patients with a comfortable treatment alternative; however, this device has limited capacity to facilitate tooth movements. Although composite attachment has been proposed to facilitate tooth displacement, some of its aspects, such as aligner thickness, can influence CAT's precision. This work aimed to compare the stress distribution patterns produced by clear aligners with different thicknesses and composite attachment shapes during anterior retraction.
Materials and Methods Maxillary models consisting of clear aligners, maxillary teeth, and various attachments to the upper central incisor's labial surface were generated. Three models were built to mimic the retraction of the upper central incisors. Each had a distinct attachment design (rectangular attachment, ellipsoid attachment, and pyramidal attachment) and various aligner thicknesses (0.75, 0.85, 0.95, 1.05, and 1.15 mm). Upper central incisor retraction was accomplished using clear aligners. Finite element analysis was used to examine the built models. Stress distribution pattern was examined.
Results The greater the thickness of the aligner, the higher the stress experienced by the teeth. The 0.75 mm-thick aligner induces the lightest stress with a minimum of 0.0037623 MPa and a maximum of 0.32859 MPa. Meanwhile, the 1.5 mm-thick aligner has the highest stress with a minimum of 0.004679 MPa and a maximum of 0.43858 MPa. The force distribution on rectangular attachments appears evenly distributed. The maximum pressure force on rectangular attachments has a minimum of 0.38828 MPa, which is smaller than the maximum on ellipsoid and pyramidal attachments at 0.40933 and 0.45099 MPa, respectively.
Conclusion The best aligner thickness is 0.75 to 0.85 mm for anterior retraction. An aligner with 0.95 mm thickness can still be used when a remarkable amount of tooth movement force is needed; however, this exception is only applicable to a limited number of clear aligner trays. The ellipsoid attachment is the best type of attachment because the resulting force is substantial and evenly distributed.
Cancer in the Anal Transition Zone and Ileoanal Pouch following Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Miller-Ocuin Jennifer L. , Ashburn Jean H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRestorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis remains the gold standard treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis who desire restoration of intestinal continuity. Despite a significant cancer risk reduction after surgical removal of the colon and rectum, dysplasia and cancers of the ileal pouch or anal transition zone still occur and are a risk even if an anal canal mucosectomy is performed. Surgical care and maintenance after ileoanal anastomosis must include consideration of malignant potential along with other commonly monitored variables such as bowel function and quality of life. Cancers and dysplasia of the ileal pouch are rare but sometimes difficult-to-manage sequelae of pouch surgery.
Career Transitions: What Are Other Options to Clinical Practice That May Align with New or Evolving Priorities/Goals?
Authors: Ramamoorthy Sonia L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCareer transitions are an essential part of the evolution of one's professional life. Transitions can take place at any time and for a variety of reasons. In this article, I review career transitions in the context of my own experiences and offer some advice and guidelines for making a career transition. The article also reviews what opportunities exist for career development and how that can lead to new and future prospects. Finally, achieving work–life balance can be difficult in today's health care landscape. Setting priorities and revisiting one's life plan on a regular basis establishes a professional “true north” to help navigate the challenges and disruptions of health care.
The impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on students’ attainment, analysed by IRT modelling method
Authors: Takács Rita , Takács Szabolcs , Kárász Judit T. , Oláh Attila , Horváth Zoltán 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUniversities around the world were closed for several months to slow down the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. During this crisis, a tremendous amount of effort was made to use online education to support the teaching and learning process. The COVID-19 pandemic gave us a profound insight into how online education can radically affect students and how students adapt to new challenges. The question is how switching to online education affected dropout? This study shows the results of a research project clarifying the impact of the transition to online courses on dropouts. The data analysed are from a large public university in Europe where online education was introduced in March 2020. This study compares the academic progress of students newly enroled in 2018 and 2019 using IRT modelling. The results show that (1) this period did not contribute significantly to the increase in dropout, and we managed to retain our students.(2) Subjects became more achievable during online education, and students with less ability were also able to pass their exams. (3) Students who participated in online education reported lower average grade points than those who participated in on-campus education. Consequently, on-campus students could win better scholarships because of better grades than students who participated in online education. Analysing students’ results could help (1) resolve management issues regarding scholarship problems and (2) administrators develop programmes to increase retention in online education.
The impact of capitalist profit-seeking behavior by online food delivery platforms on food safety risks and government regulation strategies
Authors: Dai Xiaoting , Wu Linhai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCapital monopolized platforms that have emerged based on the new “Internet Plus” economic form will undoubtedly distort market competition. Taking the Meituan online food delivery platform in China as an example, this study (1) investigates the game of interests between the platform and restaurants and the resulting impact on food safety risks, and (2) explores the interactions among government regulations, platform profit strategy, and restaurant behavior. An evolutionary game model between the capital-monopolized online food delivery platform and the restaurants was developed with an optional promotion fee and government regulation level as variables. Analysis of four equilibrium situations derived from the evolutionary game model showed that the platform always pursued high overall profit in every equilibrium situation. This capitalist profit-seeking behavior will most likely reduce the profit margins and even the survival space of restaurants on the platform, forcing them to engage in opportunistic behavior and illegal production, thereby resulting in increased food safety risks in online food delivery and consequently increased government regulation costs. Although increased government regulation can change the production strategy of restaurants, it cannot change the platform’s capitalist profit-seeking behavior. The platform’s overall payoff is not reduced due to increased regulation, which once again proves the profit-seeking nature of capital. The strategy of low commissions but high promotion fees may require greater government regulation to restrain the opportunistic behavior of restaurants. Therefore, the Chinese government regulators can achieve a win-win situation of improved government regulation efficiency and reduced regulation costs by designing new regulatory strategies that do not reduce the platform’s overall payoff.
The developmental trajectories of L2 lexical-semantic networks
Authors: Feng Xuefang , Liu Jie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study explored the developmental trajectories of L2 Lexical-semantic networks by comparing the structure of lexical-semantic networks of Chinese EFL learners at two levels of English: intermediate and advanced. Analyses of data from semantic fluency tasks found that with the improvement of language proficiency, the L2 lexical-semantic network becomes more connected but less centralized. Analyses of community structure revealed that the lexical-semantic network of advanced learners has denser clusters than that of intermediate learners. Examination of individual words in the L2 lexical-semantic network shows that words tend to reorganize themselves with the expanse of the network. In this process, more frequent and connected words tend to remain in the network as central words while less frequent words with fewer connections have the risk of being lost, although a large number of new words keep joining in the network. The results provide empirical evidence for the preferential attachment model of lexical-semantic network growth.
Machine endowment cost model: task assignment between humans and machines
Authors: Gong Qiguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough research on human–machine task assignment has presently received academic attention, the theoretical foundation of task assignment requires further development. Based on the two-dimensional characteristics of task flexibility and cognition, a machine endowment cost model is built to examine the economic allocation of tasks between humans and machines. The model derives a machine production possibility curve that directly divides all tasks into two categories, one each for machines and humans. The model shows the dynamic of task allocation between humans and machines as the economic environment evolves, such as wage growth and technological development, and provides conditions wherein task polarization may prevail. The model can be applied to human–machine task assignment decisions in industry and services.
250 AUDIT OF MEMORY CLINIC PATIENTS RECEIVING INDETERMINATE FDGPET BRAIN REPORTS IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH CURRENT CARE
Authors: Lynch J , Byrne T , Murphy B , McGuinness B , Passmore P , Cunningham E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Current clinical diagnostic criteria may not be sensitive or specific enough to aid early diagnosis of dementia causing diseases. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) brain scans are recommended in cases of diagnostic uncertainty, with patterns of reduced FDG uptake indicating dementia causing diseases eg Alzheimer’s disease. Unfortunately, scans can be reported as indeterminate.
This audit aimed to identify those with indeterminate results and review clinical follow-up and subsequent diagnoses.

Methods
FDGPET scans requested by our service between 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2018 were identified and reviewed (n = 134). Results were initially classed as ‘indeterminate’ if a) there were any areas of reduced FDG uptake reported and b) these were insufficient to constitute a pattern typical of a dementia causing disease (n = 73). The radiology team subsequently reviewed the list and determined n = 22 as being definitively indeterminate, the remaining n = 51 reporting only minor, mild changes.
FDGPET z scores for parietal and post-cingulate areas (quantified by General Electric using the CortexID programme) were reviewed, and deemed significant if &gt;2. Electronic care records were analysed to establish subsequent clinical follow-up and diagnoses.

Results
The age range of patients was 56–85 years (mean 73.3), 15/22 were female. All n = 22 patients had areas of reduced FDG uptake in the temporoparietal region.
All patients with indeterminate scan results had further outpatient follow up. The most recent clinical information, collected January and March 2021, showed 20 patients had developed dementia (11/20 had parietal z scores &gt;2) and 2 had diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment (bilateral parietal and post-cingulate z scores &lt;2).

Conclusion
The majority of patients with indeterminate findings on FDGPETCT in our cohort developed dementia. Patients with indeterminate findings on FDGPETCT, in particular parietal z scores above 2, should be followed up.
251 A POINT PREVALENCE STUDY OF FRAILTY IN ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF 75 IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: Gannon E , Cloney T , Nor N , Khan I , Murphy J , Plant R , Murphy D , Rafferty M , O'Mahony E , Stoneman S , Creed S , Byrne E , Lewis M , Mensch R , Aherne E , Harnedy N , Daly B , O'Sullivan P , O'Connor M , Ducloe T , O'Mahony D , Curtin D , Healy L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Early identification and comprehensive assessment of frailty in older adult hospital inpatients is associated with improved outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of frailty amongst inpatients aged over 75 in a tertiary hospital. A secondary aim was to identify older adults inpatients who would have been better admitted under and managed by Geriatric Medicine services.

Methods
Inpatients over the age of 75 were identified by a search of the electronic patient information system iPIMS on 26/08/2021. Patients attending a day service or needing Critical care were excluded. Information was collected using a paper questionnaire from patient records. Frailty was screened using the Think FRAIL tool. Data was stored on a password protected computer and analysed using Microsoft Excel.

Results
336 patients were initially identified from the electronic census. Following exclusion criteria 192 patients were included in data collection. Overall prevalence of frailty reached 89% (n = 171). New or worsening functional impairment was identified in 70% of patients (n = 135), altered mental status was present in 40% (n = 80). The Geriatric Emergency Medicine (Front Door Frailty) Service assessed 17% (n = 33) of patients.
31% (n = 59) of patients had a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Inpatients under a Geriatric Medicine service accounted for 34% (n = 66). Of those not admitted under a Geriatric Medicine service (n = 151) 47% were identified as having needs better met by Geriatric Medicine admission.

Conclusion
Slaintecare and ICPOP (Enhancec Community care) policies and guidance recommend early identification and assessment of older adults living with frailty to improve outcomes. We found a high prevalence of frailty in our inpatient population and a low % of early assessment. To implement ‘Right care, right time, right place, given by the right team’ policy we need to re-design our hospital services to meet needs of older adults in our hospitals. Geriatric Medicine must advocate for this at local and national level.
Nest material preferences in wild hazel dormiceMuscardinus avellanarius: testing predictions from optimal foraging theory
Authors: Collins Sarah A , Lane Sarah M , Ishibashi Minako , Hamston Tracey 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObtaining nesting material presents an optimal foraging problem, collection of materials incurs a cost in terms of risk of predation and energy spent and individuals must balance these costs with the benefits of using that material in the nest. The hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius is an endangered British mammal in which both sexes build nests. However, whether material used in their construction follows the predictions of optimal foraging theory is unknown. Here, we analyze the use of nesting materials in forty two breeding nests from six locations in Southwest England. Nests were characterized in terms of which plants were used, the relative amount of each plant, and how far away the nearest source was. We found that dormice exhibit a preference for plants closer to the nest, but that the distance they are prepared to travel depends on the plant species. Dormice traveled further to collect honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum, oak Quercus robur, and beech Fagus sylvatica than any other plants. Distance did not affect the relative amount used, although the proportion of honeysuckle in nests was highest, and more effort was expended collecting honeysuckle, beech, bramble Rubus fruticosus and oak compared to other plants. Our results suggest that not all aspects of optimal foraging theory apply to nest material collection. However, optimal foraging theory is a useful model to examine nest material collection, providing testable predictions. As found previously honeysuckle is important as a nesting material and its presence should be taken account when assessing suitability of sites for dormice.
Fast and accurate protein function prediction from sequence through pretrained language model and homology-based label diffusion
Authors: Yuan Qianmu , Xie Junjie , Xie Jiancong , Zhao Huiying , Yang Yuedong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Protein function prediction is an essential task in bioinformatics which benefits disease mechanism elucidation and drug target discovery. Due to the explosive growth of proteins in sequence databases and the diversity of their functions, it remains challenging to fast and accurately predict protein functions from sequences alone. Although many methods have integrated protein structures, biological networks or literature information to improve performance, these extra features are often unavailable for most proteins. Here, we propose SPROF-GO, a Sequence-based alignment-free PROtein Function predictor, which leverages a pretrained language model to efficiently extract informative sequence embeddings and employs self-attention pooling to focus on important residues. The prediction is further advanced by exploiting the homology information and accounting for the overlapping communities of proteins with related functions through the label diffusion algorithm. SPROF-GO was shown to surpass state-of-the-art sequence-based and even network-based approaches by more than 14.5, 27.3 and 10.1% in area under the precision-recall curve on the three sub-ontology test sets, respectively. Our method was also demonstrated to generalize well on non-homologous proteins and unseen species. Finally, visualization based on the attention mechanism indicated that SPROF-GO is able to capture sequence domains useful for function prediction. The datasets, source codes and trained models of SPROF-GO are available at https://github.com/biomed-AI/SPROF-GO. The SPROF-GO web server is freely available at http://bio-web1.nscc-gz.cn/app/sprof-go.
iEnhancer-ELM: improve enhancer identification by extracting position-related multiscale contextual information based on enhancer language models
Authors: Li Jiahao , Wu Zhourun , Lin Wenhao , Luo Jiawei , Zhang Jun , Chen Qingcai , Chen Junjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMotivationEnhancers are important cis-regulatory elements that regulate a wide range of biological functions and enhance the transcription of target genes. Although many feature extraction methods have been proposed to improve the performance of enhancer identification, they cannot learn position-related multiscale contextual information from raw DNA sequences.ResultsIn this article, we propose a novel enhancer identification method (iEnhancer-ELM) based on BERT-like enhancer language models. iEnhancer-ELM tokenizes DNA sequences with multi-scale k-mers and extracts contextual information of different scale k-mers related with their positions via an multi-head attention mechanism. We first evaluate the performance of different scale k-mers, then ensemble them to improve the performance of enhancer identification. The experimental results on two popular benchmark datasets show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods. We further illustrate the interpretability of iEnhancer-ELM. For a case study, we discover 30 enhancer motifs via a 3-mer-based model, where 12 of motifs are verified by STREME and JASPAR, demonstrating our model has a potential ability to unveil the biological mechanism of enhancer.Availability and implementationThe models and associated code are available at https://github.com/chen-bioinfo/iEnhancer-ELMSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Unmixing biological fluorescence image data with sparse and low-rank Poisson regression
Authors: Wang Ruogu , Lemus Alex A , Henneberry Colin M , Ying Yiming , Feng Yunlong , Valm Alex M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMotivationMultispectral biological fluorescence microscopy has enabled the identification of multiple targets in complex samples. The accuracy in the unmixing result degrades (i) as the number of fluorophores used in any experiment increases and (ii) as the signal-to-noise ratio in the recorded images decreases. Further, the availability of prior knowledge regarding the expected spatial distributions of fluorophores in images of labeled cells provides an opportunity to improve the accuracy of fluorophore identification and abundance.ResultsWe propose a regularized sparse and low-rank Poisson regression unmixing approach (SL-PRU) to deconvolve spectral images labeled with highly overlapping fluorophores which are recorded in low signal-to-noise regimes. First, SL-PRU implements multipenalty terms when pursuing sparseness and spatial correlation of the resulting abundances in small neighborhoods simultaneously. Second, SL-PRU makes use of Poisson regression for unmixing instead of least squares regression to better estimate photon abundance. Third, we propose a method to tune the SL-PRU parameters involved in the unmixing procedure in the absence of knowledge of the ground truth abundance information in a recorded image. By validating on simulated and real-world images, we show that our proposed method leads to improved accuracy in unmixing fluorophores with highly overlapping spectra.Availability and implementationThe source code used for this article was written in MATLAB and is available with the test data at https://github.com/WANGRUOGU/SL-PRU.
Antiviral activity of glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors in alphavirus infection of the central nervous system
Authors: Avraham Roy , Melamed Sharon , Achdout Hagit , Erez Noam , Israeli Ofir , Barlev-Gross Moria , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Paran Nir , Israely Tomer , Vitner Einat B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Virus-induced CNS diseases impose a considerable human health burden worldwide. For many viral CNS infections, neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available. In this study, we examined whether the synthesis of glycosphingolipids, major membrane lipid constituents, could be used to establish an antiviral therapeutic target. We found that neuroinvasive Sindbis virus altered the sphingolipid levels early after infection in vitro and increased the levels of gangliosides GA1 and GM1 in the sera of infected mice. The alteration in the sphingolipid levels appears to play a role in neuroinvasive Sindbis virus replication, as treating infected cells with UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) inhibitors reduced the replication rate. Moreover, the UGCG inhibitor GZ-161 increased the survival rates of Sindbis-infected mice, most likely by reducing the detrimental immune response activated by sphingolipids in the brains of Sindbis virus-infected mice. These findings suggest a role for glycosphingolipids in the host immune response against neuroinvasive Sindbis virus and suggest that UGCG inhibitors should be further examined as antiviral therapeutics for viral infections of the CNS.