bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion of Pathogenic Cardiac Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
Authors: Ma Pan , Liu Jing , Qin Juan , Lai Lulu , Heo Gyu Seong , Luehmann Hannah , Sultan Deborah , Bredemeyer Andrea , Bajapa Geetika , Feng Guoshuai , Jimenez Jesus , He Ruijun , Parks Antanisha , Amrute Junedh , Villanueva Ana , Liu Yongjian , Lin Chieh-Yu , Mack Matthias , Amancherla Kaushik , Moslehi Javid , Lavine Kory J. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibodies targeting PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1)/PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) or CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4), have revolutionized cancer management but are associated with devastating immune-related adverse events including myocarditis. The main risk factor for ICI myocarditis is the use of combination PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibition. ICI myocarditis is often fulminant and is pathologically characterized by myocardial infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages. Although much has been learned about the role of T-cells in ICI myocarditis, little is understood about the identity, transcriptional diversity, and functions of infiltrating macrophages.

METHODS:

We used an established murine ICI myocarditis model (
Ctla4

+/–

Pdcd1

–/–

mice) to explore the cardiac immune landscape using single-cell RNA-sequencing, immunostaining, flow cytometry, in situ RNA hybridization, molecular imaging, and antibody neutralization studies.

RESULTS:

We observed marked increases in CCR2 (C-C chemokine receptor type 2)
+
monocyte-derived macrophages and CD8
+
T-cells in this model. The macrophage compartment was heterogeneous and displayed marked enrichment in an inflammatory CCR2
+
subpopulation highly expressing
Cxcl9
(chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9),
Cxcl10
(chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 10),
Gbp2b
(interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 2b), and
Fcgr4
(Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity IV) that originated from CCR2
+
monocytes. It is important that a similar macrophage population expressing
CXCL9
,
CXCL10
, and CD16α (human homologue of mouse FcgR4) was expanded in patients with ICI myocarditis. In silico prediction of cell-cell communication suggested interactions between T-cells and
Cxcl9

+

Cxcl10

+

macrophages via IFN-γ (interferon gamma) and CXCR3 (CXC chemokine receptor 3) signaling pathways. Depleting CD8
+
T-cells or macrophages and blockade of IFN-γ signaling blunted the expansion of
Cxcl9

+

Cxcl10

+

macrophages in the heart and attenuated myocarditis, suggesting that this interaction was necessary for disease pathogenesis.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data demonstrate that ICI myocarditis is associated with the expansion of a specific population of IFN-γ–induced inflammatory macrophages and suggest the possibility that IFN-γ blockade may be considered as a treatment option for this devastating condition.
Interaction of the Convective Energy Cycle and Large-Scale Dynamics
Authors: Yano Jun-Ichi , Plant Robert S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The importance of the convective life cycle in tropical large-scale dynamics has long been emphasized, but without explicit analysis. The present work provides it by coupling the convective energy cycle under the framework of Arakawa and Schubert’s convection parameterization with a shallow-water analog atmosphere. A careful derivation of the system is first presented, because it is rather missing in the literature. The squared frequency of linear convectively coupled waves is given by a squared sum of the dry gravity wave and the convective energy cycle frequencies, shortening the period of the convective cycle through the large-scale coupling. In a weakly nonlinear regime, the system follows an equation analogous to the Korteweg–de Vries equation, which exhibits a solitary wave solution, with behavior reminiscent of observed tropical westerly wind bursts.

Significance Statement
The present work suggests that a nonlinear description of a large-scale tropical system with an explicit convective life cycle may provide a simple model of tropical westerly wind bursts. At the same time, an important lesson to learn is that, if the focus of a study is on the global scale of the atmosphere, it is wise not to try to include a convective life cycle explicitly into the model. Such a configuration will simply be dominated by the short convective-scale variabilities, which one would wish to filter out.
Decadal Change in Cold Surges over the South China Sea
Authors: Pang Bo , Lu Riyu , Adam A. Scaife , Ren Rongcai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study identifies that cold surges over the South China Sea (SCS) have experienced a significant change on decadal time scales. The results indicate that cold surges occur more frequently after the early 2000s than before and are at least partially explained by changes in circulation patterns. Both the negative phase of the Scandinavian (SCA) pattern and the cold phase of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) can induce increased cold surges and the IPO effect dominates in recent decades. When the IPO shifts to its cold phase, low-level cyclones are induced over the western North Pacific through a Gill response. The northeasterlies along the northwest flank of the cyclones further lead to intensified cold surges over the SCS. The above processes can be reproduced in coupled models, suggesting a robust connection between the IPO and cold surges. The present findings highlight the role of tropical forcing and bring insight into understanding of the future climate variability and change over East Asia during boreal winter.
Do Psychology Students Believe Mental Health Myths more than Medical Students? A Response from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Andrade Gabriel , Bedewy Dalia , Abo Hamza Eid G. 
Published: September 2023

Background Previous work has been done on assessing how much psychology students believe myths, as compared to the general population. This study focuses on the mental health myths discussed in the book 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology. Objective This study seeks to investigate if Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae (MBBS, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) students are more likely than psychology students to accept mental health myths. Methods One hundred and two MBBS students and 209 psychology students at a university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were compared in their level of adherence to mental health myths. The measure was based on Lilienfeld et al.'s list of myths focused on mental health, and the comparison was done with a Mann-Whitney test. Results Psychology students came out with greater levels of acceptance of mental health myths. In both groups, the most believed myth pertained to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Conclusion In the UAE, students from both MBBS and psychology programs are prone to accepting mental health myths. The lower adherence to mental health myths amongst MBBS students may be due to stricter admissions policies. Teaching implications In the UAE, both MBBS and psychology programs must target efforts in expanding the critical thinking abilities of students, to dispel mental health myths.
Beyond HIV prevention: Assessment of the benefits of pre-exposure prophylaxis for sexual quality of life
Authors: Bertevello Daniel A , Vasconcelos Ricardo , Cerqueira Natalia B , Freitas Angela C , Cunha Ana , Avelino-Silva Vivian I 
Published: September 2023

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may favor sexual satisfaction by reducing the fear of HIV and promoting less restrictive sexual practices. These benefits may be even higher among PrEP users with mental health issues. Methods We invited adult PrEP users to answer a questionnaire including demographics, questions on the sexual experience compared to the period before PrEP use, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Factors associated with improvements in the sexual experience were investigated using modified Poisson models. Results We included 221 participants; most were white males. A large percentage of participants reported improvements in quality of sex after PrEP initiation; the composite outcome “PrEP-associated improvement in the quality of sex” was observed in 92 (42%), whereas the outcome “PrEP-associated improvement in the fear of HIV acquisition” was observed in 120 participants (54%). Demographics and depression/anxiety were not significantly associated with the outcomes. Conclusion PrEP has positive effects beyond HIV prevention, improving several aspects of sexual quality of life. These benefits are valid incentives for PrEP use and prescription.
The Use of Reframing: Increasing the Importance of Lifestyle Medicine
Authors: Vega Molly R. , Nadeem Saad , Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Johnston Craig A. 
Published: September 2023

Lifestyle behavior modification is an essential component to prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases worldwide. For the last 40 years, studies have recognized that there is suboptimal training of physicians in lifestyle medicine and its implementation in clinical settings. The lack of nutrition and exercise counseling occurring in the medical office does not reflect the high level of evidence supporting its use. Lifestyle behavior counseling is complex; as are the individualized needs of patients. Therefore, we suspect that the lack of knowledge in nutrition and exercise prescriptions are not the only barriers to providing optimal care. Reframing lifestyle medicine interventions like nutrition and exercise from adjunctive to central to treatment and reframing the role of the physician therein may be necessary to address important barriers to overall lifestyle behavioral counseling.
Long-term results of the AptisTM total distal radioulnar joint prosthesis after previous failed surgical procedures
Authors: Martínez Villén Gregorio , Espada Blasco Carlos , Rodríguez Nogué Luis , García González Elena 
Published: September 2023

We present a prospective study with the results of ten Aptis total distal radioulnar joint replacements in patients who had one to five previous operations. The mean postoperative follow-up was 9.7 years (range 3–14.7). The mean postoperative range of motion of the wrist improved by 9° for extension, 15° for flexion, 10° for pronation and 14° for supination, achieving values equivalent to 88%, 78%, 97% and 88% of those of the non-operated hand. There were minimal changes in radial and ulnar deviations. Grip strength improved by 7 kg, pain decreased by 8 points, QuickDASH and Mayo wrist scores improved by 51 and 53 points, respectively. Two implants had radiolucency less than 1 mm. Serum titanium ion levels were slightly elevated in two patients. Three prostheses required revision surgery for heterotopic ossification, a prominent radial screw and a periprosthetic fracture. No prostheses were removed. Six patients returned to their former professional activities and four patients adapted their jobs. Level of evidence: IV
Acetabular index as an indicator of Pavlik harness success in grade I developmental dysplasia of the hip: A retrospective study
Authors: Yasin Mohamad Samih , Al Karmi Joud , Suleiman Dara Osama , Raja Yusur Myasar , Alshrouf Mohammad A , Abu Halaweh Ahmad , Hamdan Mohammad , Samarah Omar 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Some articles have focused on the effectiveness of the Pavlik harness treatment for unstable and dislocated hips, yet data on monitoring its effectiveness with the acetabular index remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Pavlik harness effectiveness in infants ≤6 months diagnosed with grade I developmental dysplasia of the hip using acetabular index improvement and identify the possible predictors of successful Pavlik harness treatment. Methods: A retrospective review of infants with grade I acetabular dysplasia treated with a Pavlik harness and monitored with anteroposterior pelvis X-rays at presentation and follow-up. Successful treatment was defined as achieving an acetabular index <30°. Results: A total of 231 infants with acetabular dysplasia were treated with a Pavlik harness. A successful outcome was achieved in 135 infants (58.4%). Younger age, lower initial acetabular index, and patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip were significant predictors of a successful outcome. An age of 4.5 months or older was found to be the threshold for an unsuccessful result following Pavlik harness treatment, with a sensitivity of 65.2% and specificity of 57.3%. An initial acetabular index of 35.5° was found to be the threshold for an unsuccessful result, with a sensitivity of 83.7% and specificity of 61.5%. Conclusion: Pavlik Harness’s success in correcting the acetabular index in acetabular dysplasia patients was related to unilateral cases, a younger age at presentation, and a lower initial acetabular index. The thresholds for unsuccessful treatment were an age of 4.5 months or greater and an acetabular index of 35.5° or higher.
Epidemiology, natural evolution, pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, and management of Legg–Calvé–Perthes
Authors: Joseph Benjamin , Shah Hitesh , Perry Daniel C 
Published: September 2023

Background: Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease is a self-limiting disorder that develops in children following interruption of the blood supply to the capital femoral epiphysis. This review outlines the current knowledge on the epidemiology, natural evolution, clinical spectrum, and management of the disease. Methods: The literature pertaining to these aspects of the disease were studied and summarized in this review. Results: Epidemiological studies suggest that environmental factors contribute to the causation of the disease. Incidence rates monitored over time indicate that the incidence of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease is declining. The natural evolution followed on sequential plain radiographs enables division of the disease into Stages Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, and IV. Reversible deformation of the capital occurs in Stages Ia–IIa simply on standing while irreversible deformation may occur in Stages IIb and IIIa. Treatment of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease in Stages Ia–IIa aims to prevent the femoral head from getting deformed by containment and avoidance of weight-bearing. In Stages IIb and IIIa, treatment aims to remedy the effects of early irreversible deformation of the femoral head. In Stage IIIb and IV, treatment is directed to correcting the altered shape of the femoral head. The impression that these treatment methods are helpful is based on poor quality evidence. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to undertake Level I studies to establish the efficacy of currently treatment. Level of evidence: level V.
Objective Determination of Eating Occasion Timing: Combining Self-Report, Wrist Motion, and Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Detect Eating Occasions in Adults With Prediabetes and Obesity
Authors: Popp Collin J. , Wang Chan , Hoover Adam , Gomez Louis A. , Curran Margaret , St-Jules David E. , Barua Souptik , Sevick Mary Ann , Kleinberg Samantha 
Published: September 2023

Background: Accurately identifying eating patterns, specifically the timing, frequency, and distribution of eating occasions (EOs), is important for assessing eating behaviors, especially for preventing and managing obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, existing methods to study EOs rely on self-report, which may be prone to misreporting and bias and has a high user burden. Therefore, objective methods are needed. Methods: We aim to compare EO timing using objective and subjective methods. Participants self-reported EO with a smartphone app (self-report [SR]), wore the ActiGraph GT9X on their dominant wrist, and wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM, Abbott Libre Pro) for 10 days. EOs were detected from wrist motion (WM) using a motion-based classifier and from CGM using a simulation-based system. We described EO timing and explored how timing identified with WM and CGM compares with SR. Results: Participants ( n = 39) were 59 ± 11 years old, mostly female (62%) and White (51%) with a body mass index (BMI) of 34.2 ± 4.7 kg/m2. All had prediabetes or moderately controlled T2D. The median time-of-day first EO (and interquartile range) for SR, WM, and CGM were 08:24 (07:00-09:59), 9:42 (07:46-12:26), and 06:55 (04:23-10:03), respectively. The median last EO for SR, WM, and CGM were 20:20 (16:50-21:42), 20:12 (18:30-21:41), and 21:43 (20:35-22:16), respectively. The overlap between SR and CGM was 55% to 80% of EO detected with tolerance periods of ±30, 60, and 120 minutes. The overlap between SR and WM was 52% to 65% EO detected with tolerance periods of ±30, 60, and 120 minutes. Conclusion: The continuous glucose monitor and WM detected overlapping but not identical meals and may provide complementary information to self-reported EO.
Sucroferric oxyhydroxide use in patients on haemodialysis – real-world experience from an Asian cohort
Authors: Teo Rachel Zui Chih , Ng Anne Lay Choo , See Vincent , Yan Hua , Singh Tripti , Khan Behram Ali 
Published: September 2023

Background Sucroferric oxyhydroxide has been used in the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease receiving haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis since 2013. However, there is a paucity of data on sucroferric oxyhydroxide use in Asian populations. Objective We aim to provide real-world experience of sucroferric oxyhydroxide use in our local cohort on maintenance haemodialysis. Methods A retrospective clinical audit was performed to review laboratory parameters of haemodialysis patients who received sucroferric oxyhydroxide over a 14-month period from December 2020 to January 2022. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide reduced serum phosphate levels effectively, with a more than 3-fold increase in the proportion of patients who were able to achieve phosphate levels of ≤5.5 mg/dL. Ferritin levels and transferrin saturation were increased, but there were no significant differences in haemoglobin levels and erythropoietin used in the long term. We showed that sucroferric oxyhydroxide was highly effective in reducing serum phosphate to recommended levels in patients receiving haemodialysis. Further prospective studies in Asian populations are warranted to confirm our findings.
Defining the clinical characteristics of mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland: Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Patel Akshilkumar , LaBarge Brandon , King Tonya S , Pradhan Sandeep , Warrick Joshua , Goyal Neerav 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a classification of salivary gland tumors, recently included within the term secretory carcinoma. Previous descriptions of this diagnosis have largely consisted of case reports and case series with few studies investigating its clinical characteristics as compared to non-MASC tumors. Our objective was to use a large patient database to compare the clinical characteristics of mammary analog secretory carcinoma vs. non-mammary analog secretory carcinoma salivary gland tumors. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried between September and October 2022 for histological diagnosis of mammary analog secretory carcinoma and non-MASC salivary tumors. Patients diagnosed with mammary analog secretory carcinoma and non-mammary analog secretory carcinoma salivary tumors between the period of 2004 through 2019 were included in this analysis. Various demographic and clinical variables were abstracted from the database and compared using Wilcoxon rank sum and chi-square tests. Survival was compared between cohorts using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Overall, compared to non-mammary analog secretory carcinoma diagnoses ( n = 47668), mammary analog secretory carcinoma tumors ( n = 384) affected younger individuals, displayed favorable pathologic staging and tumor grade, and were less likely to invade surrounding tissues. Patients with mammary analog secretory carcinoma tumors also received treatment more quickly following diagnosis compared to patients with non-mammary analog secretory carcinoma tumors. The risk of death was 4.3 times greater for non-mammary analog secretory carcinoma diagnoses when adjusted for patient variables (hazard ratio = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [2.37–7.71], p < 0.001). Conclusions: Clinically, mammary analog secretory carcinoma salivary tumors have a more indolent course compared to other salivary cancers. Additional studies are needed to determine the natural history of this tumor type.
Periodontal Effects of the Reversible Dipeptidyl Peptidase 1 Inhibitor Brensocatib in Bronchiectasis
Authors: Gunsolley J.C. , Chalmers J.D. , Sibila O. , Fernandez C. , Scannapieco F.A. 
Published: September 2023

Aims: Brensocatib is a reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (cathepsin C), in development to treat chronic non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled WILLOW trial (NCT03218917) was conducted to examine whether brensocatib reduced the incidence of pulmonary exacerbations. Brensocatib prolonged the time to the first exacerbation and led to fewer exacerbations than placebo. Because brensocatib potentially affects oral tissues due to its action on neutrophil-mediated inflammation, we analyzed periodontal outcomes in the trial participants. Materials and Methods: Patients with bronchiectasis were randomized 1:1:1 to receive once-daily oral brensocatib 10 or 25 mg or placebo. Periodontal status was monitored throughout the 24-week trial in a prespecified safety analysis. Periodontal pocket depth (PPD) at screening, week 8, and week 24 was evaluated. Gingival inflammation was evaluated by a combination of assessing bleeding upon probing and monitoring the Löe-Silness Gingival Index on 3 facial surfaces and the mid-lingual surface. Results: At week 24, mean ± SE PPD reductions were similar across treatment groups: −0.07 ± 0.007, −0.06 ± 0.007, and −0.15 ± 0.007 mm with brensocatib 10 mg, brensocatib 25 mg, and placebo, respectively. The distribution of changes in PPD and the number of patients with multiple increased PPD sites were similar across treatment groups at weeks 8 and 24. The frequencies of gingival index values were generally similar across treatment groups at each assessment. An increase in index values 0–1 and a decrease in index values 2–3 over time and at the end of the study were observed in all groups, indicating improved oral health. Conclusions: In patients with non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, brensocatib 10 or 25 mg had an acceptable safety profile after 6 months’ treatment, with no changes in periodontal status noted. Improvement in oral health at end of the study may be due to regular dental care during the trial and independent of brensocatib treatment. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study suggest that 24 weeks of treatment with brensocatib does not affect periodontal disease progression. This information can be used by clinicians when considering treatment approaches for bronchiectasis and suggests that the use of brensocatib will not be limited by periodontal disease risks. Nevertheless, routine dental/periodontal care should be provided to patients irrespective of brensocatib treatment.