bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existence for a Cahn–Hilliard Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Exponential Growth Boundary Conditions
Authors: Stinson Kerrek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Cahn–Hilliard reaction model, a nonlinear, evolutionary PDE, was introduced to model phase separation in lithium-ion batteries. Using Butler–Volmer kinetics for electrochemical consistency, this model allows lithium-ions to enter the domain via a nonlinear Robin-type boundary condition $$\partial _\nu \mu = R(c,\mu )$$

∂
ν

μ
=
R

(
c
,
μ
)

for the chemical potential $$\mu $$
μ
, with c, the lithium-ion density. Importantly, R depends exponentially on $$\mu $$
μ
. Fixed point methods are applied to obtain existence of regular solutions of the Cahn–Hilliard reaction model in dimension 3, allowing for recovery of exponential boundary conditions as in the physical application.
Variability in composition of parrotfish bite scars across space and over time on a central Pacific atoll
Authors: Charendoff Jonathan A. , Edwards Clinton B. , Pedersen Nicole E. , Petrovic Vid , Zgliczynski Brian , Sandin Stuart A. , Smith Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParrotfishes are conspicuous herbivores, microvores, and detritivores in coral reef ecosystems, and the impacts of their feeding, particularly their capacity to expose reef carbonate, have received much attention. In many cases, parrotfish assemblages have been shown to control algal proliferation and promote the settlement of corals and crustose coralline algae (CCA). In extreme cases, high densities of parrotfishes may negatively affect net reef accretion through bioerosion and targeted coral predation. Most evidence describing the impacts of parrotfish foraging on benthic community structure is based upon correlations between benthic composition and parrotfish behavior or abundance, with much less known about process-based change of individual parrotfish bite scars through time. Here, we estimated parrotfish bite selectivity and determined the change in benthic composition within parrotfish bite scars relative to change in the overall reefscape using data collected over a 12-month duration from the fore reef habitat at Palmyra Atoll. We identified 2150 parrotfish bite scars which appeared most frequently on turf algae covered substrata but also on coral, CCA, and encrusting macroalgae. Of those bites taken on live coral, 96% of scars returned to live coral within 12 months. Notably, adult coral survivorship in bite scars was higher than at randomly sampled coral-covered locations not affected by parrotfish bites. The exposed substrate within bite scars was most commonly colonized by the dominant benthic functional group in the area immediately surrounding the scar. We found little evidence of coral recruitment to bite scars (1/2150); however, CCA growth on bites initially on turf algae increased from 18.4 to 32.9% across the two time intervals. Our results suggest that benthic areas affected by parrotfish bites were more likely to undergo a successional shift to a more calcified state relative to unaffected benthic areas, indicating that parrotfish grazing helps maintain highly calcified coral reef ecosystems.
Anharmonic effects on the reflectivity of CaS and MgS: a first-principles based study
Authors: Chmeruk Artem , Núñez-Valdez Maribel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe employ systematic calculations based on density functional theory to model the reflectivity of CaS and MgS in the infrared region. We show that in addition to the modeling using the harmonic approximation, an accurate spectral description requires the inclusion of anharmonic effects. Due to their conceptual simplicity, CaS and MgS are excellent systems for the explicit consideration of the anharmonicity, which we include here using a perturbative approach up to three-phonon scattering processes, and the consideration of isotopic disorder. All physical quantities, such as Born effective charges and dielectric constant, necessary for the calculation of the reflectivity within the Lorentz model are extracted from our first-principles computations. To validate our predicted optical and transversal modes, and reflectivity spectra, we compare them to available experimental results. We find that the overall agreement is good, which supports the importance of the inclusion of anharmonic terms in the modeling of optical properties in the infrared region.
Investigation of the applicability of conditioned particle image velocimetry under conditions close to lean blow-off
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Liu Kunpeng , Fu Chen , Yu Juan , Gao Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, conditioned particle image velocimetry (CPIV) has attracted much attention for flame front extraction. It is an economical and straightforward technique because the flame front can be obtained simply from Mie-scattering images. In the current work, Mie-scattering and hydroxyl planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) measurements were taken simultaneously to study the applicability of CPIV under conditions with varying equivalence ratios, and the reliable working range of the CPIV method and the source of bias were clarified quantitatively. The premixed dimethyl ether (DME)/air flames stabilized on a two-dimensional bluff body were tested. It is found that the accuracy of the CPIV method worsens as the equivalence ratio decreases. The bias of CPIV is supposed to be related to the flame structure and aerodynamics. The extraction deviation in the upstream region for the stable flames is more significant than that in the downstream area due to the intensified interaction between the shear layer and flame near the bluff body. However, for the flames approaching the lean blow-off (LBO), the bias in the upstream part is smaller than that in the downstream area, which is related to the “back-support” of the hot recirculation zone (RZ). In addition, the difference between the results obtained by CPIV and OH-PLIF is usually the preheat layer of flame and concave-wrinkled location of OH-PLIF filled with CH2O radicals, especially under conditions close to the LBO, which can be used to estimate the spatial distribution of CH2O.
Graphical Abstract
Tapping to drumbeats in an online experiment changes our perception of time and expressiveness
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Burger Birgitta , Wöllner Clemens 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBodily movements along with music, such as tapping, are not only very frequent, but may also have a profound impact on our perception of time and emotions. The current study adopted an online tapping paradigm to investigate participants’ time experiences and expressiveness judgements when they tapped and did not tap to a series of drumming performances that varied in tempo and rhythmic complexity. Participants were asked to judge durations, passage of time (PoT), and the expressiveness of the performances in two conditions: (1) Observing only, (2) Observing and tapping regularly to the perceived beats. Results show that tapping trials passed subjectively faster and were partially (in slow- and medium-tempo conditions) perceived shorter compared to the observing-only trials. Increases in musical tempo (in tapping trials) and in complexity led to faster PoT, potentially due to distracted attentional resources for the timing task. Participants’ musical training modulated the effects of complexity on the judgments of expressiveness. In addition, increases in tapping speed led to duration overestimation among the less musically trained participants. Taken together, tapping to music may have altered the internal clock speed, affecting the temporal units accumulated in the pacemaker-counter model.
Intraindividual variations of urinary biomarkers in hospitalized children with glomerular diseases: a prospective observational study
Authors: Zhou Jianmei , Zhong Xuhui , Xiao Huijie , Xu Ke , Nair Viji , Larkina Maria , Ju Wenjun , Ding Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the intraindividual variations of urinary biomarkers in hospitalized children with glomerular diseases. Hospitalized children with glomerular diseases participated in the study. For each patient, an overnight (9:00 p.m.–7:00 a.m.) urine was collected, followed by a 24-h urine (classified into four distinct periods: morning 7:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m., afternoon 12:00 p.m.–4:00 p.m., evening 4:00 p.m.–9:00 p.m., and overnight 9:00 p.m.–7:00 a.m.). The concentrations of protein, albumin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were measured and normalized by three correction factors (creatinine, osmolality, or specific gravity, respectively). Additionally, the 2nd overnight urine sample was grouped into different aliquots according to centrifugation, additives, storage temperature, or delayed processing. Twenty (14 boys, 6 girls) children were enrolled, with an average age of 11.3 years. Among the three correction factors, creatinine-normalized biomarkers provided the best agreements among different periods over 24 h. There were significant diurnal variations during 24 h in the concentrations of urinary protein, albumin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and EGF (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.003, and p = 0.003, respectively). Evening urine overestimated 24-h urinary protein and albumin, while overnight urine underestimated 24-h urinary albumin. Urinary EGF showed low variability within a day or between the 2 days (coefficients of variation 10.2% and 10.6%, respectively) and excellent agreements (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.9) with 24-h urinary concentration. Furthermore, urinary EGF was not affected by centrifugation, additives, storage temperature, or delayed processing of urine samples (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Given the diurnal variations of urinary biomarkers, urine samples should be collected during the same time period in clinical practice if possible. The results also extend the evidence for urinary EGF as a relatively stable biomarker applied in the future clinical practice.

What is Known:• Urinary biomarkers have been widely used or discussed in making diagnoses and therapy regimens and estimating the prognosis of pediatric glomerular diseases. It remains unclear whether their levels would be affected by the time of sample collection, processing methods, and storage conditions in hospitalized children with glomerular diseases.

What is New:• The levels of both commonly used biomarkers and novel biomarkers exhibited diurnal variations in hospitalized children with glomerular diseases.• Our results extend the evidence for urinary EGF as a relatively stable biomarker applied in the future clinical practice.
Longitudinal data on humoral response and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and subvariants BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 after COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients
Authors: Overheu Oliver , Lendowski Simon , Quast Daniel R. , Kühn Daniel , Vidal Blanco Elena , Kraeft Anna-Lena , Steinmann Eike , Kourti Eleni , Lugnier Celine , Steinmann Joerg , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Pfaender Stephanie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC) and subvariants like BQ.1.1 demonstrate immune evasive potential. Little is known about the efficacy of booster vaccinations regarding this VOC and subvariants in cancer patients. This study is among the first to provide data on neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against BQ.1.1.

Methods
Cancer patients at our center were prospectively enrolled between 01/2021 and 02/2022. Medical data and blood samples were collected at enrollment and before and after every SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, at 3 and 6 months.

Results
We analyzed 408 samples from 148 patients (41% female), mainly with solid tumors (85%) on active therapy (92%; 80% chemotherapy). SARS-CoV-2 IgG and nAb titers decreased over time, however, significantly increased following third vaccination (p < 0.0001). NAb (ND50) against Omicron BA.1 was minimal prior and increased significantly after the third vaccination (p < 0.0001). ND50 titers against BQ.1.1 after the third vaccination were significantly lower than against BA.1 and BA.4/5 (p < 0.0001) and undetectable in half of the patients (48%). Factors associated with impaired immune response were hematologic malignancies, B cell depleting therapy and higher age. Choice of vaccine, sex and treatment with chemo-/immunotherapy did not influence antibody response. Patients with breakthrough infections had significantly lower nAb titers after both 6 months (p < 0.001) and the third vaccination (p = 0.018).

Conclusion
We present the first data on nAb against BQ.1.1 following the third vaccination in cancer patients. Our results highlight the threat that new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants pose to cancer patients and support efforts to apply repeated vaccines. Since a considerable number of patients did not display an adequate immune response, continuing to exhibit caution remains reasonable.
Baryon Masses Estimate in Heavy Flavor QCD
Authors: Gómez-Rocha María , More Jai , Serafin Kamil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe apply the renormalization group procedure for effective particles (RGPEP) to the QCD eigenvalue problem for only heavy quarks. We derive the effective Hamiltonian that acts on the Fock space by solving the RGPEP equation up to second order in powers of the coupling constant. The eigenstates that contain three quarks and two or more gluons are eliminated by inserting a gluon-mass term in the component with one gluon and the eigenvalue problem for baryons is formulated. We estimate masses for bbb and ccc states and find that the results match the estimates obtained in lattice QCD and in quark models.
Are micro- and nanoelectrodes just smaller versions of regular electrodes?
Authors: Hyk Wojciech , Stojek Zbigniew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFundamental differences in behavior of micro/nanoelectrodes and regular electrodes are illustrated. The selected cases are convenient for student laboratory courses. An example of determination of diffusion coefficients of both the substrate and the product of electrode reaction, which is only possible under conditions of using microelectrodes in the absence of added supporting electrolyte, is presented in detail. The problems and possibilities generated by the use of nanoelectrodes are also addressed.
What do zebra finches learn besides singing? Systematic mapping of the literature and presentation of an efficient associative learning test
Authors: Lu ChuChu , Gudowska Agnieszka , Rutkowska Joanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe process of learning in birds has been extensively studied, with a focus on species such as pigeons, parrots, chickens, and crows. In recent years, the zebra finch has emerged as a model species in avian cognition, particularly in song learning. However, other cognitive domains such as spatial memory and associative learning could also be critical to fitness and survival, particularly during the intensive juvenile period. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of cognitive studies on zebra finches, with a focus on domains other than song learning. Our findings indicate that spatial, associative, and social learning are the most frequently studied domains, while motoric learning and inhibitory control have been examined less frequently over 30 years of research. All of the 60 studies included in this review were conducted on captive birds, limiting the generalizability of the findings to wild populations. Moreover, only two of the studies were conducted on juveniles, highlighting the need for more research on this critical period of learning. To address this research gap, we propose a high-throughput method for testing associative learning performance in a large number of both juvenile and adult zebra finches. Our results demonstrate that learning can occur in both age groups, thus encouraging researchers to also perform cognitive tests on juveniles. We also note the heterogeneity of methodologies, protocols, and subject exclusion criteria applied by different researchers, which makes it difficult to compare results across studies. Therefore, we call for better communication among researchers to develop standardised methodologies for studying each cognitive domain at different life stages and also in their natural conditions.
Survival impact of immediate complete lymph node dissection for Chinese acral and cutaneous melanoma with micrometastasis in sentinel nodes: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhong Jingqin , Zou Zijian , Hu Tu , Sun Wei , Wang Chunmeng , Yan Wangjun , Luo Zhiguo , Liu Xin , Xu Yu , Chen Yong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSentinel node biopsy (SNB) has become a critical part of standard surgical treatment for melanoma with no clinical metastatic evidence. However, for patients with a positive sentinel node, the MSLT-II and DeCOG-SLT trials have shown that immediate complete lymph node dissection (CLND) does not bring further survival benefits. There is still an argument among the Chinese population dominated by acral subtypes on whether CLND can be omitted. Thus, this study aims to investigate the impact of immediate CLND on relapse-free survival (RFS) in Chinese melanoma patients with a positive sentinel node. Patients with acral or cutaneous melanoma of clinical Stages I–II who received SNB procedure and were detected with nodal micrometastasis were retrospectively collected at Fudan University Cancer Center (FUSCC) from January 2017 to December 2021. The clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors for RFS were analyzed. Out of 381 patients who received SNB in the past 5 years, 130 (34%) cases with SN micrometastasis detected were included in this study. Ninety-nine patients underwent immediate CLND while the other 31 patients received observation alone. Among patients who received CLND, the non-SN(NSN)-positive rate was 22.2%. Most of the clinicopathologic factors were balanced well between the CLND and non-CLND groups. However, more patients in the CLND group were detected with BRAF and NRAS mutation (P = 0.006) and received adjuvant PD-1 monotherapy (P = 0.042) as well. There were slightly fewer N1 patients in the CLND group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.075). The study found no significant difference in RFS between the two groups (P = 0.184). Even for patients with the acral subtype (P = 0.925), primary T4 lesion (P = 0.769), or presence of ulceration (P = 0.249), immediate CLND did not bring more survival benefits. Immediate CLND did not bring further RFS benefit for Chinese melanoma patients with SN micrometastasis in real-world clinical practice, even for patients with acral subtype or more tumor burden such as thick Breslow invasion and ulceration.
Substituting phenol in phenol–formaldehyde resins for wood modification by phenolic cleavage products from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin
Authors: Karthäuser Johannes , Biziks Vladimirs , Frauendorf Holm , Hoffmann Lisa , Raskop Salomé , Roggatz Daniel , Militz Holger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWood modification by impregnation and curing inside of the cell wall using phenol–formaldehyde resins (PF resins) is a well-known and commercialized method to improve, amongst others, the dimensional stability and the durability of wood. However, phenol is mainly obtained from non-renewable resources, and the substitution of phenol by renewable resources has been a topic of research interest for years. Due to the high availability of technical lignins, lignin-derived cleavage products are promising candidates. In this study, organic cleavage products obtained from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin were used to substitute up to 45% of phenol in PF resins. The curing behavior and the free formaldehyde content of the resins was studied. Pine sapwood was treated with these resins by a vacuum pressure treatment, and the weight percent gain, leaching, and dimensional stability of the species were examined. Selected samples were analyzed with bright-field microscopy. The results indicate that up to 30% substitution of phenol by lignin-based organic products does not lead to significantly inferior quality of wood modification. Additionally, the amount of formaldehyde added to the resin can be reduced. The method described in this study could be a way to improve the environmental footprint of wood modification by PF resins.
Multi-stakeholder partnerships for the SDGs: is the “next generation” fit for purpose?
Authors: Widerberg Oscar , Fast Cornelia , Rosas Montserrat Koloffon , Pattberg Philipp 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite mixed results in the past, multi-stakeholder partnerships (MSPs) are considered important governance instruments for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This perspective discusses the ‘next generation’ of MSPs, comparing them to previous generations, and whether they can contribute to transformative change. The discussion is based on a first analysis of nearly 500 MSPs collected in the Transformative Partnership 2030 project, comprising a subset of initiatives on the Partnership Platform maintained by the United Nations. Three observations are made. First, only a small number of the 7000 or so entries on the Partnership Platform are active MSPs. Second, international organizations and national government are the main partners in MSPs. The most common functions are related to soft governance such as knowledge dissemination and information exchange. Third, MSPs mainly connect environmental and social SDGs, notably between climate change, biodiversity, health and education. They are less focused on the economic goals, addressing the drivers of unsustainable behavior. The perspective recommends an update of the Partnership Platform, more research on how to harness potential synergies across SDGs in MSPs and more attention to meta-governance of MSPs, at the UN level.
Follicular homocysteine as a marker of oocyte quality in PCOS and the role of micronutrients
Authors: Kucuk Tansu , Horozal Pınar Erol , Karakulak Asena , Timucin Emel , Dattilo Maurizio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Does follicular homocysteine predict the reproductive potential of oocytes following FSH stimulation in PCOS women? Can it be modulated by dietary interventions?

Methods
This was a prospective, randomized, interventional clinical study. Forty-eight PCOS women undergoing in vitro fertilization at a private fertility clinic were randomized for a dietary supplementation providing micronutrients involved in homocysteine clearance or no treatment. The supplement was assumed 2 months before stimulation until pick-up day. Monofollicular fluids were collected and frozen. After embryo transfer, the fluids from the follicles generating the transferred embryos were thawed and analyzed.

Results
Follicular homocysteine showed a negative correlation with clinical pregnancy both in the whole population (r =  − 0.298; p = 0.041) and in controls (r =  − 0.447, p = 0.053). The support achieved a non-significantly lower concentration of follicular homocysteine (median [IQR]–7.6 [13.2] vs 24.3 [22.9]). Supplemented patients required far less FSH for stimulation (1650 [325] vs 2250 [337], p = 0.00002) with no differences in the number of oocytes collected, MII rate, and fertilization rate. Supplemented patients enjoyed higher blastocyst rate (55% [20.5] vs 32% [16.5]; p = 0.0009) and a trend for improved implantation rate (64% vs 32%; p = 0.0606). Clinical pregnancy rates were 58% vs 33% in controls (p = ns).

Conclusion
Follicular homocysteine is a suitable reporter that might be investigated as a tool for oocyte-embryo selection. A diet enriched with methyl donors may be useful in PCOS and supplements may also help. These findings may be also true for non-PCOS women, which warrants investigation.
The study was approved by the Acibadem University Research Ethics Committee (2017–3-42). Clinical trial retrospective registration number ISRCTN55983518.