bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies That Address HIV-Related Stigmas Among US Healthcare Workers and Health Systems: Applying a Theory-Based Ontology to Link Intervention Types, Techniques, and Mechanisms of Action to Potential Effectiveness
Authors: Kutner Bryan A , Vaughn Michael P , Giguere Rebecca , Rodriguez-Hart Cristina , McKinnon Karen , Kaighobadi Farnaz , Felix Bimbla , Akakpo Attisso , Cournos Francine , Mikaelian Matt , Knox Justin , Boccher-Lattimore Daria , Mack Kimbirly A , LaForest Marian , Sandfort Theodorus G M ,   STAR (Stigma and Resilience) Coalition Compendium Team, Thompson Adam , Martin David P , Langan Greg , Jaafar Fatima , Vientos Migdalia , Matthews Lisa , Willson Gloria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
To end the HIV epidemic, we need to better understand how to address HIV-related stigmas in healthcare settings, specifically the common theoretical bases across interventions so that we can generalize about their potential effectiveness.

Purpose
We describe theory-based components of stigma interventions by identifying their functions/types, techniques, and purported mechanisms of change.

Methods
This systematic review examined studies published by April 2021. We applied a transtheoretical ontology developed by the Human Behaviour Change Project, consisting of 9 intervention types (ITs), 93 behavior change techniques (BCTs), and 26 mechanisms of action (MOAs). We coded the frequency and calculated the potential effectiveness of each IT, BCT, and MOA. We evaluated study quality with a 10-item adapted tool.

Results
Among the nine highest quality studies, indicated by the use of an experimental design, the highest potentially effective IT was “Persuasion” (i.e. using communication to induce emotions and/or stimulate action; 66.7%, 4/6 studies). The highest potentially effective BCTs were “Behavioral practice/rehearsal” (i.e. to increase habit and skill) and “Salience of consequences” (i.e. to make consequences of behavior more memorable; each 100%, 3/3 studies). The highest potentially effective MOAs were “Knowledge” (i.e. awareness) and “Beliefs about capabilities” (i.e. self-efficacy; each 67%, 2/3 studies).

Conclusions
By applying a behavior change ontology across studies, we synthesized theory-based findings on stigma interventions. Interventions typically combined more than one IT, BCT, and MOA. Practitioners and researchers can use our findings to better understand and select theory-based components of interventions, including areas for further evaluation, to expedite ending the HIV epidemic.
Evidence that Mental Contrasting Reduces Health Information Avoidance
Authors: Yang Michelle Z , King Willa C , Oettingen Gabriele , Sheeran Paschal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Although learning health information is beneficial for physical well-being, many people opt to avoid learning this information due to its potentially threatening nature. Such avoidance can lead to delays in seeking treatment.

Purpose
This study tested the effectiveness of a self-regulation technique, mental contrasting (MC), specifically MC of a negative future with a positive current reality, in reducing health information avoidance regarding skin cancer (melanoma). We hypothesized that participants who engaged in MC would be more likely to choose to learn about their melanoma risk than those who completed a control, reflection activity.

Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial (N = 354). Participants were assigned to complete a MC or reflection (control) exercise prior to filling out a melanoma risk calculator. Participants were then asked whether they wanted to learn their melanoma risk, and how much information they would like to know.

Results
Chi-Square tests revealed that MC decreased melanoma risk information avoidance compared to the reflection activity (12% vs. 23.4%) but did not make participants more likely seek additional information.

Conclusion
MC is a brief, engaging, and effective strategy for reducing health information avoidance that could prove useful in medical settings.
Examining the predictive potential of depressed mood and alcohol misuse on risky driving
Authors: Case Nevicia F , Brown Thomas G 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAims: Male driving while impaired (DWI) offenders are at heightened risk for engaging in risky driving. Males in a depressed mood are also more prone to alcohol misuse, which may further contribute to risky driving. This manuscript investigates the predictive potential of combined depressed mood and alcohol misuse on risky driving outcomes 3 and 9 years after baseline in male DWI offenders. Methods: At baseline, participants completed questionnaires assessing depressed mood (Major Depression scale of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III), alcohol misuse (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and sensation-seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale-V). Risky driving data (Analyse des comportements routiers; ACR3) were collected at follow-up 3 years after baseline. Driving offence data were obtained for 9 years after baseline. Results: There were 129 participants. As 50.4% of the sample were missing ACR3 scores, multiple imputation was conducted. In the final regression model, R2 = 0.34, F(7,121) = 8.76, P &lt; 0.001, alcohol misuse significantly predicted ACR3, B = 0.56, t = 1.96, P = 0.05. Depressed mood, however, did not significantly predict ACR3 and sensation-seeking was not a significant moderator. Although the regression model predicting risky driving offences at Year 9 was significant R2 = 0.37, F(10,108) = 6.41, P &lt; 0.001, neither depressed mood nor alcohol misuse was a significant predictor. Conclusions: These findings identify alcohol misuse as a predictor of risky driving 3 years after baseline among male DWI offenders. This enhances our prediction of risky driving, extending beyond the widely researched acute impacts of alcohol by exploring chronic patterns.
Artificial intelligence for automatic detection of basal cell carcinoma from frozen tissue tangential biopsies
Authors: Murphree Dennis H , Kim Yong-hun , Sidey Kirk A , Comfere Nneka I , Vidal Nahid Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Evaluation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) involves tangential biopsies of a suspicious lesion that is sent for frozen sections and evaluated by a Mohs micrographic surgeon. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have made possible the development of sophisticated clinical decision support systems to provide real-time feedback to clinicians that could have a role in optimizing the diagnostic workup of BCC. There were 287 annotated whole-slide images of frozen sections from tangential biopsies, of which 121 contained BCC, that were used to train and test an AI pipeline to recognize BCC. Regions of interest were annotated by a senior dermatology resident, an experienced dermatopathologist and an experienced Mohs surgeon, with concordance of annotations noted on final review. Final performance metrics included a sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 and 0.88, respectively. Our results on a relatively small dataset suggest the feasibility of developing an AI system to aid in the workup and management of BCC.
Is magnetic sphincter augmentation indicated in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux?
Authors: Schoppmann Sebastian F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Up to 30% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) suffer from laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms, as chronic cough, laryngitis, or asthma. Besides life-style modifications and medical acid suppression, laparoscopic fundoplication is an established treatment option. Treatment-related side effects after laparoscopic fundoplication have to be weighted against LPR symptom control in 30–85% of patients after surgery. Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) is described as an effective alternative to fundoplication for surgical treatment of GERD. However, evidence on the efficacy of MSA in patients with LPR is very limited. Preliminary data on the results of MSA treating LPR symptoms in patients with acid and weakly acid reflux are promising; showing comparable results to laparoscopic fundoplication by providing the potential of decrease side effects.
Controlled Hookworm Infection for Medication-free Maintenance in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot, Double-blind, Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mules Thomas C , Lavender Brittany , Maclean Kate , Vacca Francesco , Noble Sophia-Louise , Yumnam Bibek , Te Kawa Tama , Cait Alissa , Tang Jeffry , O’Sullivan David , Gasser Olivier , Stanley James , Le Gros Graham , Camberis Mali , Inns Stephen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Human hookworm has been proposed as a treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). This pilot study assessed the feasibility of a full-scale randomized control trial examining hookworm to maintain clinical remission in patients with UC.

Methods
Twenty patients with UC in disease remission (Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index [SCCAI] ≤4 and fecal calprotectin (fCal) &lt;100 ug/g) and only on 5-aminosalicylate received 30 hookworm larvae or placebo. Participants stopped 5-aminosalicylate after 12 weeks. Participants were monitored for up to 52 weeks and exited the study if they had a UC flare (SCCAI ≥5 and fCal ≥200 µg/g). The primary outcome was difference in rates of clinical remission at week 52. Differences were assessed for quality of life (QoL) and feasibility aspects including recruitment, safety, effectiveness of blinding, and viability of the hookworm infection.

Results
At 52 weeks, 4 of 10 (40%) participants in the hookworm group and 5 of 10 (50%) participants in the placebo group had maintained clinical remission (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.11-3.92). Median time to flare in the hookworm group was 231 days (interquartile range [IQR], 98-365) and 259 days for placebo (IQR, 132-365). Blinding was quite successful in the placebo group (Bang’s blinding index 0.22; 95% CI, −0.21 to 1) but less successful in the hookworm group (0.70; 95% CI, 0.37-1.0). Almost all participants in the hookworm group had detectable eggs in their faeces (90%; 95% CI, 0.60-0.98), and all participants in this group developed eosinophilia (peak eosinophilia 4.35 × 10^9/L; IQR, 2.80-6.68). Adverse events experienced were generally mild, and there was no significant difference in QoL.

Conclusions
A full-scale randomized control trial examining hookworm therapy as a maintenance treatment in patients with UC appears feasible.
Clinical concept and relation extraction using prompt-based machine reading comprehension
Authors: Peng Cheng , Yang Xi , Yu Zehao , Bian Jiang , Hogan William R , Wu Yonghui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To develop a natural language processing system that solves both clinical concept extraction and relation extraction in a unified prompt-based machine reading comprehension (MRC) architecture with good generalizability for cross-institution applications.

Methods
We formulate both clinical concept extraction and relation extraction using a unified prompt-based MRC architecture and explore state-of-the-art transformer models. We compare our MRC models with existing deep learning models for concept extraction and end-to-end relation extraction using 2 benchmark datasets developed by the 2018 National NLP Clinical Challenges (n2c2) challenge (medications and adverse drug events) and the 2022 n2c2 challenge (relations of social determinants of health [SDoH]). We also evaluate the transfer learning ability of the proposed MRC models in a cross-institution setting. We perform error analyses and examine how different prompting strategies affect the performance of MRC models.

Results and Conclusion
The proposed MRC models achieve state-of-the-art performance for clinical concept and relation extraction on the 2 benchmark datasets, outperforming previous non-MRC transformer models. GatorTron-MRC achieves the best strict and lenient F1-scores for concept extraction, outperforming previous deep learning models on the 2 datasets by 1%–3% and 0.7%–1.3%, respectively. For end-to-end relation extraction, GatorTron-MRC and BERT-MIMIC-MRC achieve the best F1-scores, outperforming previous deep learning models by 0.9%–2.4% and 10%–11%, respectively. For cross-institution evaluation, GatorTron-MRC outperforms traditional GatorTron by 6.4% and 16% for the 2 datasets, respectively. The proposed method is better at handling nested/overlapped concepts, extracting relations, and has good portability for cross-institute applications. Our clinical MRC package is publicly available at https://github.com/uf-hobi-informatics-lab/ClinicalTransformerMRC.
Comparison of a pebbles-based model with the observed evolution of the water and carbon dioxide outgassing of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Ciarniello Mauro , Fulle M , Tosi F , Mottola S , Capaccioni F , Bockelée-Morvan D , Longobardo A , Raponi A , Filacchione G , Rinaldi G , Rotundi A , De Sanctis M C , Formisano M , Magni G 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The Rosetta mission escorted comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for approximately two years including the perihelion passage (1.24 au, 2015 August), allowing us to monitor the seasonal evolution of the water and carbon dioxide loss rates. Here, we model 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko water and carbon dioxide production as measured by the Rosina experiment during the entire escort phase by applying the Water-ice-Enriched Block (WEB) model, namely a structural and activity model for a nucleus made of pebbles. Furthermore, we compare the surface temperature distribution inferred by VIRTIS-M observations in 2014 August (≈3.5 au inbound, northern summer) with the expected temperatures from our simulations in the nucleus’ northern hemisphere, investigating the relevance of self-illumination effects in the comet ‘neck’ and assessing the active area extent during the northern summer. Our simulations imply that: (1) water production at perihelion is mostly from the dehydration of water-poor pebbles, continuously exposed by CO2-driven erosion; (2) at large heliocentric distances outbound the water loss rate is dominated by the self-cleaning of fallout deposits; (3) the outbound steep decrease of the water production curve with heliocentric distance results from the progressive reduction of the nucleus water-active area, as predicted by the proposed model; (4) in 2014 August the water production is dominated by distributed sources, originating in the active ‘neck’; (5) distributed sources originating in water-ice-rich exposures dominate the water production approximately up to the inbound equinox; (6) the time evolution of the CO2 loss rate during the Rosetta escort phase is consistent with the WEB model.
Awesome SOSS: transmission spectroscopy of WASP-96b with NIRISS/SOSS
Authors: Radica Michael , Welbanks Luis , Espinoza Néstor , Taylor Jake , Coulombe Louis-Philippe , Feinstein Adina D , Goyal Jayesh , Scarsdale Nicholas , Albert Loïc , Baghel Priyanka , Bean Jacob L , Blecic Jasmina , Lafrenière David , MacDonald Ryan J , Zamyatina Maria , Allart1 Romain , Artigau Étienne , Batalha Natasha E , Cook Neil James , Cowan Nicolas B , Dang Lisa , Doyon René , Fournier-Tondreau Marylou , Johnstone Doug , Line Michael R , Moran Sarah E , Mukherjee Sagnick , Pelletier Stefan , Roy Pierre-Alexis , Talens Geert Jan , Filippazzo Joseph , Pontoppidan Klaus , Volk Kevin 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The future is now – after its long-awaited launch in 2021 December, JWST began science operations in 2022 July and is already revolutionizing exoplanet astronomy. The Early Release Observations (ERO) programme was designed to provide the first images and spectra from JWST, covering a multitude of science cases and using multiple modes of each on-board instrument. Here, we present transmission spectroscopy observations of the hot-Saturn WASP-96 b with the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph, observed as part of the ERO programme. As the SOSS mode presents some unique data reduction challenges, we provide an in-depth walk-through of the major steps necessary for the reduction of SOSS data: including background subtraction, correction of 1/f noise, and treatment of the trace order overlap. We furthermore offer potential routes to correct for field star contamination, which can occur due to the SOSS mode’s slitless nature. By comparing our extracted transmission spectrum with grids of atmosphere models, we find an atmosphere metallicity between 1× and 5× solar, and a solar carbon-to-oxygen ratio. Moreover, our models indicate that no grey cloud deck is required to fit WASP-96 b’s transmission spectrum, but find evidence for a slope shortward of 0.9 μm, which could either be caused by enhanced Rayleigh scattering or the red wing of a pressure-broadened Na feature. Our work demonstrates the unique capabilities of the SOSS mode for exoplanet transmission spectroscopy and presents a step-by-step reduction guide for this new and exciting instrument.
Reanalysis of neutron-capture elements in the benchmark r-rich star CS 31082−001
Authors: Ernandes H , Castro M J , Barbuy B , Spite M , Hill V , Castilho B , Evans C J 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We revisit the abundances of neutron-capture elements in the metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −2.9) r-process-rich halo star CS 31082−001. Partly motivated by the development of the new near-ultraviolet Cassegrain U-band Efficient Spectrograph for the Very Large Telescope, we compiled an expanded line list for heavy elements over the range 3000–4000 Å, including hyperfine structure for several elements. Combining archival near-ultraviolet spectra of CS 31082−001 from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Very Large Telescope, we investigate the abundances and nucleosynthesis of 35 heavy elements (Ge, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Os, Ir, Pt, Pb, Bi, Th, and U). Our analysis includes the first abundance estimates for tin, holmium, and ytterbium from these data, and the first for lutetium from ground-based data, enabling a more complete view of the abundance pattern of this important reference star. In general, the r-process-dominated elements are as enhanced as those in the Sun, particularly for elements with Z ≥ 56 (Ba and heavier). However, the abundances for the lighter elements in our sample, from Ge to Sn (31 ≤ Z ≤ 50), do not scale with the solar abundance pattern. Moreover, the Ge abundance is deficient relative to solar, indicating that it is dominantly an iron-peak rather than neutron-capture element. Our results (or upper limits) on Sn, Pt, Au, Pb, and Bi all pose further questions, prompting further study on the origin and evolution of the known r-rich and actinide-rich, metal-poor stars.
Spatially resolved mock observations of stellar kinematics: full radiative transfer treatment of simulated galaxies
Authors: Barrientos Acevedo Daniela , van der Wel Arjen , Baes Maarten , Grand Robert J J , Kapoor Anand Utsav , Camps Peter , de Graaff Anna , Straatman Caroline M S , Bezanson Rachel 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a framework to build realistic mock spectroscopic observations for state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations, using high spectral resolution stellar population models and full radiative transfer treatment with skirt. As a first application, we generate stellar continuum mock observations for the Auriga cosmological zoom simulations emulating integral-field observations from the Sydney–AOO Multi-object Integral Field Spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey. We perform spectral fitting on our synthetic cubes and compute the resulting rotation velocity (Vrot) and velocity dispersion within 1Re (σe) for a subset of the Auriga sample. We find that the kinematics produced by Auriga are in good agreement with the observations from the SAMI galaxy survey after taking into account the effects of dust and the systematics produced by the observation limitations. We also explore the effects of seeing convolution, inclination, and attenuation on the line-of-sight velocity distribution. For highly inclined galaxies, these effects can lead to an artificial decrease in the measured V/σ by nearly a factor of two (after inclination correction). We also demonstrate the utility of our method for high-redshift galaxies by emulating spatially resolved continuum spectra from the Large Early Galaxy Census (LEGA-C) survey and, looking forward, the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) High Angular Resolution Monolithic Optical and Near-infrared Integral field spectrograph (HARMONI). Our framework represents a crucial link between the ground truth for stellar populations and kinematics in simulations and the observed stellar continuum observations at low and high redshift.
Nutrition as the foundation for successful aging: a focus on dietary protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Hawley Aubree L , Baum Jamie I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role throughout the aging process. People living with sarcopenia, a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, often experience diminished quality of life, which can be attributed to a long period of decline and disability. Therefore, it is important to identify modifiable factors that preserve skeletal muscle and promote successful aging (SA). In this review, SA was defined as (1) low cardiometabolic risk, (2) preservation of physical function, and (3) positive state of wellbeing, with nutrition as an integral component. Several studies identify nutrition, specifically high-quality protein (eg, containing all essential amino acids), and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as positive regulators of SA. Recently, an additive anabolic effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs has been identified in skeletal muscle of older adults. Evidence further suggests that the additive effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs may project beyond skeletal muscle anabolism and promote SA. The key mechanism(s) behind the enhanced effects of intake of protein and n-3 PUFAs needs to be defined. The first objective of this review is to evaluate skeletal muscle as a driver of cardiometabolic health, physical function, and wellbeing to promote SA. The second objective is to examine observational and interventional evidence of protein and n-3 PUFAs on skeletal muscle to promote SA. The final objective is to propose mechanisms by which combined optimal intake of high-quality protein and n-3 PUFAs likely play a key role in SA. Current evidence suggests that increased intake of protein above the Recommended Dietary Allowance and n-3 PUFAs above the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations for late middle-aged and older adults is required to maintain skeletal muscle mass and to promote SA, potentially through the mechanistical target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).