bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from a Prospective Inception Cohort, the IBSEN III Study
Authors: Holten Kristina I Aass , Bernklev Tomm , Opheim Randi , Johansen Ingunn , Olsen Bjørn C , Lund Charlotte , Strande Vibeke , Medhus Asle W , Perminow Gøri , Bengtson May-Bente , Cetinkaya Raziye Boyar , Vatn Simen , Frigstad Svein Oskar , Aabrekk Tone B , Detlie Trond Espen , Hovde Øistein , Kristensen Vendel A , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Henriksen Magne , Huppertz-Hauss Gert , Høivik Marte Lie , Jelsness-Jørgensen Lars-Petter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Although fatigue is common in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fatigue and its associated factors in a cohort of patients newly diagnosed with IBD.

Methods
Patients ≥18 years old were recruited from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease South-Eastern Norway [IBSEN III] study, a population-based, observational inception cohort. Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Questionnaire and compared with data from a Norwegian general population. Univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of total fatigue [TF; continuous score] and substantial fatigue [SF; dichotomized score ≥4] with sociodemographic, clinical, endoscopic, laboratory, and other relevant patient data.

Results
In total, 983/1509 [65.1%] patients with complete fatigue data were included (ulcerative colitis [UC], 68.2%; Crohn’s disease [CD], 31.8%). The prevalence of SF was higher in CD [69.6%] compared with UC [60.2%] [p &lt; 0.01], and in both diagnoses when compared to the general population [p &lt; 0.001]. In multivariate analyses, depressive symptoms, pain intensity, and sleep disturbances were associated with increased TF for both diagnoses. In addition, increased clinical disease activity and Mayo endoscopic score were significantly associated with TF in UC, whereas all disease-related variables were insignificant in CD. Similar findings were observed for SF, except regarding the Mayo endoscopic score.

Conclusions
SF affects approximately two-thirds of patients newly diagnosed with IBD. Fatigue was associated with depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances, and increased pain intensity in both diagnoses, while clinical and endoscopic activity were associated factors only in UC.
Transgenerational sperm DMRs escape DNA methylation erasure during embryonic development and epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Ben Maamar Millissia , Wang Yue , Nilsson Eric E , Beck Daniel , Yan Wei , Skinner Michael K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Germline transmission of epigenetic information is a critical component of epigenetic inheritance. Previous studies have suggested that an erasure of DNA methylation is required to develop stem cells in the morula embryo. An exception involves imprinted genes that escape this DNA methylation erasure. Transgenerational differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) have been speculated to be imprinted-like and escape this erasure. The current study was designed to assess if morula embryos escape the erasure of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane–induced transgenerational sperm DMR methylation. Observations demonstrate that the majority (98%) of transgenerational sperm DMR sites retain DNA methylation and are not erased, so appearing similar to imprinted-like sites. Interestingly, observations also demonstrate that the majority of low-density CpG genomic sites had a significant increase in DNA methylation in the morula embryo compared to sperm. This is in contrast to the previously observed DNA methylation erasure of higher-density CpG sites. The general erasure of DNA methylation during embryogenesis appears applicable to high-density DNA methylation sites (e.g. CpG islands) but neither to transgenerational DMR methylation sites nor to low-density CpG deserts, which constitute the vast majority of the genome’s DNA methylation sites. The role of epigenetics during embryogenesis appears more dynamic than the simple erasure of DNA methylation.
Statin therapy reduces dementia risk in atrial fibrillation patients receiving oral anticoagulants
Authors: Kim Moo Hyun , Yuan Song Lin , Lee Kwang Min , Jin Xuan , Song Zhao Yan , Park Jong-Sung , Cho Young-Rak , Lim Kyunghee , Yun Sung-Cheol , Lee Michael S , Choi Sun Young 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to an increased risk of dementia, even in stroke-free patients. The impact of statin therapy on dementia risk is unclear in AF patients receiving oral anticoagulant (OAC) (vitamin K antagonist and direct-acting OAC). We sought to investigate the impact of statin therapy on dementia risk in AF patients receiving OAC.

Methods and results
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 91 018 non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients from January 2013 to December 2017 were included in the analysis. Of the total, 17 700 patients (19.4%) were in the statin therapy group, and 73 318 patients (80.6%) were in the non-statin therapy group. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of dementia. The median duration of follow-up was 2.1 years. Statin therapy was associated with a significantly lower dementia risk than non-statin therapy for CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥2 (hazard ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.64–0.90, P = 0.026) in NVAF patients receiving OAC. The statin therapy group had a significantly lower dementia risk in a dose-dependent relationship compared with the non-statin therapy group (P for trend &lt;0.001).

Conclusion
In NVAF patients who received OAC, statin therapy lowered the dementia risk compared with no statin therapy. Furthermore, statin therapy is associated with a dose-dependent reduction in dementia risk.
Cardiovascular disease burden due to productivity losses in European Society of Cardiology countries
Authors: Luengo-Fernandez Ramon , Little Matthew , Gray Alastair , Torbica Aleksandra , Maggioni Aldo P , Huculeci Radu , Timmis Adam D , Vardas Panos , Leal Jose 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death across Europe. We estimated lost earnings (productivity losses) associated with premature mortality due to CVD, and separately for its main sub-categories of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, across 54 country members of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Methods and results
We used a standardized approach to estimate working years and earnings lost due to premature death resulting from CVD across the 54 ESC member countries in 2018. Our population-based approach was based on national data on the number of deaths, employment rates, and earnings by age group and sex. We discounted future working years and earnings lost to present values using a 3.5% annual rate. In 2018, there were 4.4 million deaths due to CVD across the 54 countries, with 7.1 million working years lost. This represented productivity losses due to premature death of €62 billion in 2018. Deaths due to coronary heart disease accounted for 47% (€29 billion) of all CVD costs, and cerebrovascular disease accounted for 18% (€11 billion). Approximately 60% (€37 billion) of all productivity losses occurred in the 28 European Union member states, despite accounting for only 42% (1.8 million) of deaths and 21% (1.5 million) of working years lost across the 54 countries.

Conclusion
Our study provides a snapshot of the economic consequences posed by premature mortality due to CVD across 54 countries in 2018. The considerable variation across countries highlights the potential gains from policies targeting prevention and care of cardiovascular diseases.
Plasma Level of ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 and Intrinsic Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Prospective Data From the MAPT Study
Authors: da Silva Jaqueline Aragoni , Martinez Laurent O , Rolland Yves , Najib Souad , Croyal Mikaël , Perret Bertrand , Jabrane-Ferrat Nabila , El Costa Hicham , Guyonnet Sophie , Vellas Bruno , de Souto Barreto Philipe ,   for the MAPT/DSA group
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Intrinsic capacity (IC) is a concept related to functionality that reflects healthy aging. ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is a multifaceted protein that regulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and may be involved in IC. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between plasma levels of IF1 and IC changes in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
Community-dwelling older adults from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT Study) were enrolled in this study. A composite IC score was calculated based on 4 IC domains: locomotion, psychological dimension, cognition, and vitality (with data available annually over 4 years of follow-up). Secondary analyses were conducted on the sensory domain (with data available only for 1 year of follow-up). Mixed-model linear regression adjusted for confounders was conducted.

Results
A total of 1 090 participants with usable IF1 values were included in the study (75.3 ± 4.4 years; 64% females). Compared to the lowest quartile, both the low– and high–intermediate IF1 quartiles were found to be cross-sectionally associated with greater composite IC scores across 4 domains (βlow–intermediate, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–2.60 and βhigh–intermediate, 1.78; 95% CI 0.49–3.06). In the secondary analyses, the highest quartile was found to be associated with a slower decline in composite IC scores across 5 domains over 1 year (βhigh 1.60; 95% CI 0.06–3.15). The low– and high–intermediate IF1 quartiles were also found to be cross-sectionally associated with greater locomotion (βlow–intermediate, 2.72; 95% CI 0.36–5.08) and vitality scores (βhigh–intermediate, 1.59; 95% CI 0.06–3.12), respectively.

Conclusions
This study is the first to demonstrate that levels of circulating IF1, a mitochondrial-related biomarker, are associated with IC composite scores in both cross-sectional and prospective analyses among community-dwelling older adults. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms that may explain these associations.
Examining the Association of Pain and Pain Frequency With Self-Reported Difficulty in Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings From the Longitudinal Aging Study in India
Authors: Muhammad Thalil , Rashid Muhammed , Zanwar Preeti Pushpalata 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We examined the prevalence and associations of self-reported difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) with pain among community-dwelling older adults in India. We also explored the interaction effects of age and sex in these associations.

Methods
We used the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 data (2017–2018). Our unweighted sample included 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Outcome measures were having difficulty in at least 1 ADL/IADL. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association of pain with functional difficulties controlling for selected variables.

Results
A total of 23.8% of older adults reported ADL and 48.4% reported IADL difficulty. Among older adults who reported pain, 33.1% reported difficulty in ADL and 57.1% reported difficulty in IADL. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for ADL was 1.83 (confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–1.96) and for IADL was 1.43 (CI: 1.35–1.51) when respondents reported pain compared with those without pain. Older adults who reported frequent pain had 2.28 and 1.67 times higher odds of ADL (aOR: 2.28; CI: 2.07–2.50) and IADL difficulty (aOR: 1.67; CI: 1.53–1.82) compared with those with no pain. Additionally, age and sex of the respondents significantly moderated the associations of pain and difficulty in ADL and IADL.

Discussion
Given the higher prevalence and likelihood of functional difficulties among older Indian adults who experienced frequent pain, interventions to mitigate pain in this vulnerable population are needed to ensure active and healthy aging.
Critique and Postcritique: Analyzing Age Stereotypes in Literary Studies and Health Care
Authors: Wohlmann Anita 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Gerontological research shows that stereotypes about older people negatively impact the quality of health care they receive. Therefore, knowledge of ageism is particularly relevant for medical students. Narrative Medicine draws on theory and methods from literary studies to interlace the humanities and medical studies.

Research Design and Methods
This paper first describes a Narrative Medicine intervention at the University of Southern Denmark where medical students learn about ageism and stereotypes through a presentation of gerontological research results. In addition, literary texts and methods of close reading and reflective writing are employed to help students identify problematic stereotypes. The results of a survey conducted during the intervention suggest that students’ awareness about ageism increased. Yet, rather than exploring the results of the survey, this paper’s second part uses the intervention as a springboard to self-critically ask what type of humanities approaches, methods and theories are best suited to convey knowledge about ageist stereotypes. The paper sketches 2 approaches within literary studies—critique and postcritique—and applies them to a poem about an older man.

Results
The paper discusses the gains and limitations of each approach and makes suggestions for how they can be joined with research about age stereotypes.

Discussion and Implications
To create productive pathways between the humanities and gerontology, the heterogeneity of the humanities—with literary studies as the example—need to be acknowledged. That is, clarity about the differences in humanities-based methods is crucial to establish a firmer ground for their usability in interdisciplinary contexts.
Molecular and genetic regulations of fleshy fruit shape and lessons fromArabidopsisand rice
Authors: Li Qiang , Luo Shuangxia , Zhang Liying , Feng Qian , Song Lijun , Sapkota Manoj , Xuan Shuxin , Wang Yanhua , Zhao Jianjun , van der Knaap Esther , Chen Xueping , Shen Shuxing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFleshy fruit shape is an important external quality trait influencing the usage of fruits and consumer preference. Thus, modification of fruit shape has become one of the major objectives for crop improvement. However, the underlying mechanisms of fruit shape regulation are poorly understood. In this review we summarize recent progress in the genetic basis of fleshy fruit shape regulation using tomato, cucumber, and peach as examples. Comparative analyses suggest that the OFP-TRM (OVATE Family Protein - TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif) and IQD (IQ67 domain) pathways are probably conserved in regulating fruit shape by primarily modulating cell division patterns across fleshy fruit species. Interestingly, cucumber homologs of FRUITFULL (FUL1), CRABS CLAW (CRC) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2 (ACS2) were found to regulate fruit elongation. We also outline the recent progress in fruit shape regulation mediated by OFP-TRM and IQD pathways in Arabidopsis and rice, and propose that the OFP-TRM pathway and IQD pathway coordinate regulate fruit shape through integration of phytohormones, including brassinosteroids, gibberellic acids, and auxin, and microtubule organization. In addition, functional redundancy and divergence of the members of each of the OFP, TRM, and IQD families are also shown. This review provides a general overview of current knowledge in fruit shape regulation and discusses the possible mechanisms that need to be addressed in future studies.
Heterothermic Migration Strategies in Flying Vertebrates
Authors: McGuire Liam P , Leys Ryan , Webber Quinn M R , Clerc Jeff 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Migration is a widespread and highly variable trait among animals. Population-level patterns arise from individual-level decisions, including physiological and energetic constraints. Many aspects of migration are influenced by behaviors and strategies employed during periods of stopover, where migrants may encounter variable or unpredictable conditions. Thermoregulation can be a major cost for homeotherms which largely encounter ambient temperatures below the lower critical temperature during migration, especially during the rest phase of the daily cycle. In this review we describe the empirical evidence, theoretical models, and potential implications of bats and birds that use heterothermy to reduce thermoregulatory costs during migration. Torpor-assisted migration is a strategy described for migrating temperate insectivorous bats, whereby torpor can be used during periods of inactivity to drastically reduce thermoregulatory costs and increase net refueling rate, leading to shorter stopover duration, reduced fuel load requirement, and potential consequences for broad-scale movement patterns and survival. Hummingbirds can adopt a similar strategy, but most birds are not capable of torpor. However, there is an increasing recognition of the use of more shallow heterothermic strategies by diverse bird species during migration, with similarly important implications for migration energetics. A growing body of published literature and preliminary data from ongoing research indicate that heterothermic migration strategies in birds may be more common than traditionally appreciated. We further take a broad evolutionary perspective to consider heterothermy as an alternative to migration in some species, or as a conceptual link to consider alternatives to seasonal resource limitations. There is a growing body of evidence related to heterothermic migration strategies in bats and birds, but many important questions related to the broader implications of this strategy remain.
Natural Animal Populations as Model Systems for Understanding Early Life Adversity Effects on Aging
Authors: Patterson Sam K , Petersen Rachel M , Brent Lauren J N , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Lea Amanda J , Higham James P 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Adverse experiences in early life are associated with aging-related disease risk and mortality across many species. In humans, confounding factors, as well as the difficulty of directly measuring experiences and outcomes from birth till death, make it challenging to identify how early life adversity impacts aging and health. These challenges can be mitigated, in part, through the study of non-human animals, which are exposed to parallel forms of adversity and can age similarly to humans. Furthermore, studying the links between early life adversity and aging in natural populations of non-human animals provides an excellent opportunity to better understand the social and ecological pressures that shaped the evolution of early life sensitivities. Here, we highlight ongoing and future research directions that we believe will most effectively contribute to our understanding of the evolution of early life sensitivities and their repercussions.
Searching for Principles of Microbial Ecology Across Levels of Biological Organization
Authors: Gralka Matti 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Microbial communities play pivotal roles in ecosystems across different scales, from global elemental cycles to household food fermentations. These complex assemblies comprise hundreds or thousands of microbial species whose abundances vary over time and space. Unraveling the principles that guide their dynamics at different levels of biological organization, from individual species, their interactions, to complex microbial communities, is a major challenge. To what extent are these different levels of organization governed by separate principles, and how can we connect these levels to develop predictive models for the dynamics and function of microbial communities? Here, we will discuss recent advances that point towards principles of microbial communities, rooted in various disciplines from physics, biochemistry, and dynamical systems. By considering the marine carbon cycle as a concrete example, we demonstrate how the integration of levels of biological organization can offer deeper insights into the impact of increasing temperatures, such as those associated with climate change, on ecosystem-scale processes. We argue that by focusing on principles that transcend specific microbiomes, we can pave the way for a comprehensive understanding of microbial community dynamics and the development of predictive models for diverse ecosystems.
Bivalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Antibody Responses to Omicron Variants Suggest That Responses to Divergent Variants Would Be Improved With Matched Vaccine Antigens
Authors: Wang Wei , Goguet Emilie , Paz Stephanie , Vassell Russell , Pollett Simon , Mitre Edward , Weiss Carol D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We compared neutralizing antibody responses to BA.4/5, BQ.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1.5 Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants after a bivalent or ancestral coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA booster vaccine or postvaccination infection. We found that the bivalent booster elicited moderately high antibody titers against BA.4/5 that were approximately 2-fold higher against all Omicron variants than titers elicited by the monovalent booster. The bivalent booster elicited low but similar titers against both XBB and XBB.1.5 variants. These findings inform risk assessments for future COVID-19 vaccine recommendations and suggest that updated COVID-19 vaccines containing matched vaccine antigens to circulating divergent variants may be needed.
Te heahea me ngā toi, te hikohiko: Productive Idiocy, mātauranga Māori and Art-activism Strategies in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Harvey Mark 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article explores what it can mean to navigate notions of productive idiocy with aspects of mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge), through some recent art-as-activism practices of the author, Aotearoa/New Zealand artist Mark Harvey. The works explicated include Waitākere Drag and Auau in the Te Wao Nui ā Tiriwa forest ranges and Productive Promises, which was part of TEZA (Trans Economic Zone of Aotearoa) in Ōtautahi/Christchurch. Avital Ronell’s Nietzschean-influenced perspectives on idiocy are drawn from in relation to Western and Māori perspectives, along with Roger Sansi’s work on idiocy as dissent. From this aggregation of epistemologies, it is proposed that idiocy can be productive through art as activism and that this can align with Indigenous Māori perspectives on playing the fool as a form of resistance and refusal. Examples of Māori concepts engaged with here include perspectives on relationship building, human relationships with forests and the environment, and sovereignty under Te Tiriti o Waitangi (The Treaty of Waitangi). These art-activism projects promised micro-attempts at making positive changes for the communities in which they were situated through performatively generated actions from a Māori perspective within the shroud of ongoing colonization and capitalism.