bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land
Authors: Dey Dipanjan , Aldama Campino Aitor , Döös Kristofer 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The global atmospheric water transport from the net evaporation to the net precipitation regions has been traced using Lagrangian trajectories.
A matrix has been constructed by selecting various group of trajectories based on their surface starting (net evaporation) and ending (net precipitation) positions to show the connectivity of the 3-D atmospheric water transport within and between the three major ocean basins and the global landmass. The analysis reveals that a major portion of the net evaporated water precipitates back into the same region, namely 67 % for the Indian Ocean, 64 % for the Atlantic Ocean, 85 % for the Pacific Ocean and 72 % for the global landmass. It has also been calculated that 58 % of the net terrestrial precipitation was sourced from land evaporation. The net evaporation from the subtropical regions of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans is found to be the primary source of atmospheric water for precipitation over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the corresponding basins. The net evaporated waters from the subtropical and western Indian Ocean were traced as the source for precipitation over the South Asian and eastern African landmass, while Atlantic Ocean waters are responsible for rainfall over North Asia and western Africa. Atlantic storm tracks were identified as the carrier of atmospheric water that precipitates over Europe, while the Pacific storm tracks were responsible for North American, eastern Asian and Australian precipitation. The bulk of South and Central American precipitation is found to have its source in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The land-to-land atmospheric water transport is pronounced over the Amazon basin, western coast of South America, Congo basin, northeastern Asia, Canada and Greenland. The ocean-to-land and land-to-ocean water transport through the atmosphere was computed to be 2×109 and 1×109 kg s−1, respectively. The difference between them (net ocean-to-land transport), i.e. 1×109 kg s−1, is transported to land. This net transport is approximately the same as found in previous estimates which were calculated from the global surface water budget.
Warm conveyor belts in present-day and future climate simulations – Part 1: Climatology and impacts
Authors: Joos Hanna , Sprenger Michael , Binder Hanin , Beyerle Urs , Wernli Heini 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. This study investigates how warm conveyor belts (WCBs) will change in a future climate. WCBs are strongly ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones that are responsible for most of their precipitation. In conjunction with the cloud formation, latent heat is released, which has an impact on the potential vorticity distribution and therefore on the atmospheric circulation in the middle and upper troposphere. Because of these and other impacts of WCBs, it is of great importance to investigate changes in their frequencies, regions of occurrence, and physical characteristics in a warmer climate. To this aim, future climate simulations (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 – RCP8.5 – scenario; 2091–2100) are performed with the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) and compared to present-day climate (1991–1999). Trajectories are calculated based on 6-hourly 3D wind fields, and WCBs are identified as trajectories that ascend at least 600 hPa in 2 d. WCBs are represented reasonably well in terms of location and occurrence frequency compared to WCBs in the ERA-Interim reanalyses. In a future climate, WCB inflow regions in the North Pacific are systematically shifted northward in winter, which is in agreement with the northward shift of the storm track in this region. In the North Atlantic, increased frequencies are discernible in the southwest and there is a decrease to the south of Iceland. Finally, in the Southern Hemisphere, WCB frequencies increase in the South Atlantic in both seasons and to the east of South Africa and the Indian Ocean in June–July–August (JJA). These changes are partly consistent with corresponding changes in the occurrence frequencies of extratropical cyclones, i.e. the driving weather systems of WCBs. Changes are also found in the WCB characteristics, which have implications for WCB impacts in a future climate. The increase in inflow moisture in the different regions and seasons – ∼23 %–33 % (∼14 %–20 %) in winter (summer) – leads to (i) an increase in WCB-related precipitation – ∼13 %–23 % (∼7 %–28 %) in winter (summer) – especially in the upper percentiles and thus a possible increase in extreme precipitation related to WCBs, (ii) a strong increase in diabatic heating – ∼20 %–27 % (∼17 %–33 %) in winter (summer) – in the mid-troposphere, and (iii) a higher outflow level – ∼10 K (∼10–16 K) in winter (summer) – which favours WCBs more strongly interacting with the upper-level Rossby waveguide. In summary, by investigating a distinct weather system, the WCB, and how it changes in its occurrence frequency and characteristics in a future climate, this study provides new insights into the dynamics and impacts of climate change in the extratropical storm track regions.
Turbulence structures and entrainment length scales in large offshore wind farms
Authors: Syed Abdul Haseeb , Mann Jakob , Platis Andreas , Bange Jens 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The flow inside and around large offshore wind farms can range from smaller structures associated with the mechanical turbulence generated by wind turbines to larger structures indicative of the mesoscale flow. In this study, we explore the variation in turbulence structures and dominant scales of vertical entrainment above large offshore wind farms located in the North Sea, using data obtained from a research aircraft. The aircraft was flown upstream, downstream, and above wind farm clusters. Under neutrally stratified conditions, there is high ambient turbulence in the atmosphere and an elevated energy dissipation rate compared to stable conditions. The intensity of small-scale turbulence structures is increased above and downstream of the wind farm, and it prevails over mesoscale fluctuations. But in stable stratification, mesoscale flow structures are not only dominant upstream of the wind farm but also downstream. We observed that the vertical flux of horizontal momentum is the main source of energy recovery in large offshore wind farms, and it strongly depends on the magnitude of the length scales of the vertical wind velocity component. The dominant length scales of entrainment range from 20 to ∼60 m above the wind farm in all stratification strengths, and in the wake flow these scales range from 10 to ∼100 m only under near-neutral stratification. For strongly stable conditions, negligible vertical entrainment of momentum was observed even just 2 km downstream of large wind farms. We also observed that there is a significant lateral momentum flux above the offshore wind farms, especially under strongly stable conditions, which suggests that these wind farms do not satisfy the conditions of an “infinite wind farm”.
Analisis Strategi Marketing Dalam Meningkatkan Volume Penjualan Produk Cat Jotun
Authors: Safitri Mega , Juliati Nasution Yenni Samri 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui menganalisis pelaksanaan strategi marketing dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan produk cat Jotun pada CV. Tebar Jalur Mas dan untuk mengetahui perkembangan volume penjualan produk cat Jotun pada CV. Tebar Jalur Mas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data diperoleh dengan cara melakukan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data (menarik kesimpulan). Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu Strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan oleh CV. Tebar Jalur Mas dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan adalah yaitu terdiri dari strategi produk, strategi harga, strategi distribusi, dan strategi promosi. Perkembangan penjualan produk cat Jotun pada CV. Tebar Jalur Mas mengalami peningkatan tertinggi pada tahun 2020 yaitu meningkat sebesar 26 persen, kemudian peningkatan terendah terjadi pada tahun 2021 yaitu penjualan menurun sebesar 8 persen. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini yaitu CV. Tebar Jalur Mas menerapkan 4 (empat) strategi pemasaran yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan nya, yaitu meliputi : 1). Strategi produk yang terdiri dari strategi diversifikasi produk dan diferensiasi produk, 2). Strategi harga yang terdiri dari strategi penyesuaian, 3). Strategi distribusi dimana alurnya di mulai dari produsen, agen, pedagang besar, pengecer, dan konsumen, 4). Strategi promosi yang terdiri dari promosi penjualan, penjualan personal, dan pemasaran langsung.
KEJADIAN INFEKSI JAMUR PENYEBAB TINEA PEDIS TERKAIT HIGIENITAS DI LINGKUNGAN PADAT PENDUDUK KAMPUNG NELAYAN
Authors: Fatmawati Andi , Suardi Suardi , Diyanah Dina , Pada Andi Tenri 
Published: January 2023

Kelompok jamur dermatofita merupakan penyebab terjadinya infeksi tinea pedis yang terdapat pada sela-sela jari kaki dan telapak kaki yang ditandai dengan adanya maserasi berupa kulit putih dan rapuh. Kondisi tempat tinggal di lingkungan kampung nelayan sangat padat penduduk, sehingga potensi kontak langsung kulit dan lingkungan yang kurang bersih dapat menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab tinea pedis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian infeksi jamur penyebab tinea pedis terkait higienitas pada masyarakat di daerah padat penduduk lingkungan kampung nelayan di kecamatan Tallo, Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian adalah observasi laboratorik dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling, dengan metode identifikasi secara pengamatan langsung dari kultur isolat jamur Hasil penelitian pada 10 sampel didapatkan 4 sampel positif jamur penyebab tinea pedis yaitu Trichophyton rubrum dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Sedangkan 6 sampel lainnya ditemukan jamur lain yaitu Candida albicans. Tingkat kejadian infeksi jamur penyebab tinea pedis ini terkait dengan kurang terjaganya higienitas diri dan lingkungan pada kawasan padat penduduk kampung nelayan.
The Effect of Workload and Compensation System on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable in PT. Xyz
Authors: Kurnia Illahi Vindi Putri , Fahmy Rahmi , Syahrul Laura 
Published: January 2023

Background: The problem of limited Human Resources (HR) and competition is a major obstacle to the growth of the industry, especially in the banking industry. This problem then also causes other problems such as the high employee turnover rate which has now become a separate problem for many companies. The high employee turnover rate experienced by a company can be predicted by how much desire to move company members have to other companies. PT. XYZ is one of the Islamic banking companies that has experienced an increase in the turnover rate of its employees from year to year.

Objective: This study aims to examine and build a conceptual model of the effect of workload and compensation systems on the turnover intention with job satisfaction as a mediating variable in PT. XYZ.

Method: This study used a non-probability sampling technique with the sample used being 70 permanent employees through the distribution of questionnaires.

Results: This study found that job satisfaction does not mediate the effect of workload on turnover intention, but job satisfaction can mediate the variable of the compensation system against turnover intention in PT. XYZ.

Conclusion: PT. XYZ has not been able to provide a workload that is by the abilities of its employees, coupled with compensation that is not by the workload that is fished so as to reduce the level of employee work loss which ultimately increases the intensity of employee turnover intention at PT. XYZ.
The Legal Politics of State Defense in the Concept of Sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Mujiono Wahyu 
Published: January 2023

State defense is any effort to maintain state sovereignty, the territorial integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and the safety of the entire nation from threats and disturbances to the integrity of the nation and state. The goal to be achieved is to find and analyze state defense arrangements in the concept of Sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. and to find and analyze the ideal concept of state defense legal politics in the concept of Sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
This research uses normative juridical research with statutory, conceptual, comparative, philosophical, and historical approaches. Sources of legal materials used primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials, the analysis used is qualitative. Based on the results of the study, it shows that state defense arrangements are regulated in Article 1 of Law number 3 of 2002 concerning State Defense and Law Number 34 of 2004 concerning the TNI in this Law, what is meant by state defense is all efforts to maintain state sovereignty, the territorial integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and the safety of the entire nation from threats and disturbances to the integrity of the nation and state. The Ideal Concept of State Defense Legal Politics in the Concept of Sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is Defense Law Politics which refers to various juridical policies, where elements of the people must be given proportional space in defense considering the dynamics of the development of an increasingly dynamic national, regional and global strategic environment.
Implementation of Buzz Group Strategy Learning to Improve Thematic Learning Achievement Theme 2 Always Save Energy Subtheme 2 Energy Benefits in Grade Iv Students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 3 Jakarta Academic Year 2021/2022
Authors: Afifah Niti Nur 
Published: January 2023

This study used three rounds of action research. Each round consists of four stages, namely: design, activity and observation, reflection, and refisi. The target of this study was Grade IV students . The data obtained are in the form of formative test results, observation sheets for teaching and learning activities.
This research is based on the following problems: (a) Does Buzz Group learning affect thematic learning achievement Theme 2 Always Save Energy Subtheme 2 Energy Benefits in Grade IV Students? (b) How high is the level of mastery of thematic subject matter Theme 2 Always Save Energy Subtheme 2 Energy Benefits with the application of the Buzz Group learning method to Grade IV Students? . The objectives of this study are: (a) To uncover the effect of Buzz Group learning on thematic learning achievement Theme 2 Always Save Energy Subtheme 2 Energy Benefits in Grade IV Students . (b) Want to know how far the understanding and mastery of Thematic subjects Theme 2 Always Save Energy Subtheme 2 Energy Benefits after the application of Buzz Group learning to Grade IV Students .
From the results of the analysts, it was found that student learning achievement increased from cycle I to cycle III, namely, cycle I (58%), cycle II (72%), cycle III (100%). The conclusion of this study is that the Buzz Group method can positively affect the learning motivation of Grade IV students, and this learning model can be used as an alternative Thematic Theme 2 Always Save Energy Subtheme 2 Energy Benefits
The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Company Performance with Organizational Innovation as a Mediating VariableiIn Perumda Tirta Hita Buleleng
Authors: Suryano I Gede Bobi , Suarmanayasa I Nengah , Trianasari Trianasari 
Published: January 2023

Perumda Tirta Hita Buleleng during the 2017-2022 period has a good and healthy performance but if further analyzed the value obtained from the performance assessment decreases from year to year. This condition indicates that although performance achievements are included in the good and healthy category, there is a decrease in the quality value of governance in Perumda Tirta Hita Buleleng. This research analyzes the influence of transformational leadership on Company Performance using mediation variables in the form of organizational innovation at Perumda Tirta Hita Buleleng. The population in this study was all employees at Perumda Tirta Hita Buleleng. Determination of samples using the purposive sampling method, namely employees who have a minimum work period of 3 years and other related ones totaling 100 people. This research uses a quantitative research design, which is based on the positivism paradigm. The data in this study was collected in the form of questionnaires and the data were managed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The results of this study show that: Organizational Innovation has a positive and significant effect on company performance, meaning that increasing organizational innovation in Perumda Tirta Hita Buleleng can improve company performance. Based on the research findings and analysis of the research results, it can be concluded that organizational innovation and transformational leadership have a positive and significant effect on company performance.
Tourism Business "Staycation" at D'emmerick Salib Putih Hotel Salatiga in the Aftermath of the Covid 19 Pandemic in the Perspective of Resilience
Authors: Madah Irene Grace , Kahiking Jannet Gloria M , Wattimury Lidya G Imanuela , Silopo Yanti Florida , Wijono Sutarto 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to find out the extent of the resilience of the Parawisata Business "Staycation" D'Emmerick White Cross Salatiga Hotel in the Post-Covid 19 Pandemic. The theory used is the theory of resilience. Resilience itself is the ability to survive, adapt to something that is stressful, able to overcome and go through and be able to recover from a downturn. This research uses a type of qualitative descriptive method research, where the data collection technique used is an interview with an entrepreneur in this case the D'emmerick Hotel HRD, observation is carried out in the form of overall hotel observations at the research location and documentation in the form of photo documents, and sound recordings, which aims to strengthen the results of interviews and observations so that the data received is really valid. The results of the study found that the results showed that d'Emmerivk Hotel has characteristics that describe resilience based on seven aspects according to Reivich and Shatte. First, Emotional Regulation is able to manage and regulate existing emotions so that the business continues to run even under the pressure of a crisis. Second, Optimism (Optimism), is the positive side of the cooperation that is built so that even though it has decreased income. Third, Self-Efficacy is the confidence that they are able to survive in the midst of a pandemic crisis. This belief is what keeps hotels operating in the midst of a pandemic, Fourth, Causal Analysis, conducts an analysis to see the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the crisis at hand. Fifth, Empathy (Empathy), some laid-off employees are then called in for rehires. Sixth, Achievement (Reaching Out), received the best hotel certificate as an award for d'Emmerick hotel of the Ministry of Tourism creative economy. Thus the park tourism business d'Emmerick Hotel has the resilience of being able to improve itself and bounce back from difficult situations and be able to adjust flexibly to continue operating.
Implementation of Buzz Group Strategy Learning to Improve Students' Understanding of the Virtues of Giving to the Lessons of the Qur'an Hadits in Class VI MI Negeri 3 Academic Years 2022/2023
Authors: Nurudin Nurudin 
Published: January 2023

This research is based on the following problems: (a) Does Buzz Group learning affect the learning outcomes of the Qur'an Hadith in Class VI Students? (b) How high is the level of mastery of the subject matter of the Qur'an Hadith with the application of the Buzz Group learning method to Class VI Students?
The objectives of this study are: (a) To reveal the influence of Buzz Group learning on the learning outcomes of the Qur'an Hadith in Class VI Students. (b) Want to know how far the understanding and mastery of the subject of the Qur'an Hadith after the application of Buzz Group learning to Class VI Students
This study used three rounds of action research. Each round consists of four stages, namely: design, activity and observation, reflection, and revision. The target of this study was Class VI students. The data obtained are in the form of formative test results and, observation sheets for teaching and learning activities.
From the results of the analysts, it was found that student learning achievement increased from cycle I to cycle III, namely, cycle I (63%), cycle II (76%), cycle III (100%).
The conclusion of this research is that the Buzz Group method can have a positive effect on the learning motivation of Class VI students, and this learning model can be used as an alternative to the Qur'an Hadith.
De vinger op de zere plek
Authors: Warmelink H.G. 
Published: January 2023

De vinger op de zere plek
Het staatsrecht draagt in hoofdzaak een organiek karakter en heeft de strekking de architectuur van het openbaar bestuur vast te leggen. ‘De architectuur van het openbaar bestuur’ was ook de titel van de Groningse staatsrechtconferentie waaraan Jon Schilder in zijn bijdrage refereert en de onderhavige kwestie past heel goed bij dat thema. De Gemeentewet geeft het concept van een gemeente en van het gemeentelijk bestuur door organen en hun bevoegdheden aan te duiden, ter uitwerking van de bepalingen van hoofdstuk 7 van de Grondwet. Dat architectonisch ontwerp is er niet helderder op geworden door de dualisering van het gemeentelijk bestuur. Dat lijkt los te staan van de kwestie die hier aan de orde is, maar schijn bedriegt. Dat moet ik even uitleggen.
Body Contouring and VASER Technology, the Fourth Dimension
Authors: Juma Ali , Hayek Jamil , Davies Simon 
Published: January 2023

Body contouring surgery encompasses several facets. However, it is only in the last 15 years that body-sculpting technology has been incorporated in body contouring on a larger scale. This has added further refinements to the aesthetic outcomes of body contouring surgery. Advances in VASER technology meant it has become synonymous with the art of lipo-sculpture, body sculpting and body contouring. When performing body contouring, the first step in liposculpturing the tissues is to emulsify the fat using ultrasound resonance. The emulsified fat is then aspirated with a power-assisted suction device, and in appropriately selected patients, surgically excising the skin excess to achieve the desired results. It is important not to forget the other added bonuses of VASER technology, which includes reduced surgeon’s fatigue, enhanced skin retraction and reduced downtime; all being achieved at a high safety margin. Body contouring does not stop at emulsifying fat and aspirating it. Fat transfer in the selected patients has become an integral part of body contouring surgery. This includes patients wishing breast augmentation and buttock augmentation utilising their own fat, thereby reducing any concerns they may have with using silicone-based implants, whilst achieving cosmetically pleasing long-lasting outcomes. Surgical excision where technology cannot overcome skin excess and laxity adds to the aesthetic outcomes in selected cases, thus bringing to fruition the hybrid surgical approach popularised in the twenty-first century. One example of many is incorporating VASER lipo-sculpture with abdominoplasty.