bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cantonese morning tea (Yum Cha): a bite of Cantonese culture
Authors: Guo Kaiwei , Zhang Na , Zhang Jianfen , Zhang Man , Zhou Mingzhu , Zhang Yue , Ma Guansheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmong various types of breakfast in China, Cantonese morning tea (Yum Cha) is unique in its form and feature. Morning tea is a Cantonese tradition of morning activity, originated in the Qing dynasty. After years of change, it has evolved to the current form, serving an assortment of small dishes (dim sum) alongside Chinese tea. The classification of Chinese tea is based on the colors, shapes, aroma, and fermentation degree. Several types of dim sum dishes in Guangdong are categorized according to the region, ingredients selection, taste, and cooking methods. Yum Cha has a unique etiquette that is different from the folk cultures in other areas. Morning tea plays an essential role in influencing the dietary patterns and eating habits of Cantonese people. In addition, morning tea supports social interactions and connections of daily human life, providing a practical and acceptable channel for old friendships to nurture and new bonds to build. As a symbol of local culture, morning tea shapes Cantonese people physically and mentally. Therefore, the Yum Cha culture should be valued and propagated.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant causes brain infection with lymphoid depletion in a mouse COVID-19 model
Authors: Lee Na Yun , Lee Youn Woo , Hong Seung-Min , On Dain , Yoon Gyeong Min , An See-He , Nam Ki Taek , Seo Jun-Young , Shin Jeon-Soo , Choi Yang-Kyu , Oh Seung Hyun , Yun Jun-Won , Lee Ho Young , Choi Kang-Seuk , Seong Je Kyung , Park Jun Won 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The Omicron variant has become the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variant. Omicron is known to induce milder lesions compared to the original Wuhan strain. Fatal infection of the Wuhan strain into the brain has been well documented in COVID-19 mouse models and human COVID-19 cases, but apparent infections into the brain by Omicron have not been reported in human adult cases or animal models. In this study, we investigated whether Omicron could spread to the brain using K18-hACE2 mice susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results
K18-hACE2 mice were intranasally infected with 1 × 105 PFU of the original Wuhan strain and the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. A follow-up was conducted 7 days post infection. All Wuhan-infected mice showed > 20% body weight loss, defined as the lethal condition, whereas two out of five Omicron-infected mice (40%) lost > 20% body weight. Histopathological analysis based on H&E staining revealed inflammatory responses in the brains of these two Omicron-infected mice. Immunostaining analysis of viral nucleocapsid protein revealed severe infection of neuron cells in the brains of these two Omicron-infected mice. Lymphoid depletion and apoptosis were observed in the spleen of Omicron-infected mice with brain infection.

Conclusion
Lethal conditions, such as severe body weight loss and encephalopathy, can occur in Omicron-infected K18-hACE2 mice. Our study reports, for the first time, that Omicron can induce brain infection with lymphoid depletion in the mouse COVID-19 model.
How to implement the urban bioeconomy: insights from Leipzig’s current policy mix for transitioning towards a bio-principled city
Authors: Boldt Christin , Thrän Daniela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe bioeconomy is envisioned to play a decisive role in accelerating urban transformations towards greater sustainability and resilience. Integrating biological principles, such as metabolism, ecosystems and cycles, into urban planning and city life, and promoting a so-called “bio-principled city” provides significant potential for shaping more sustainable urban development. However, the future vision of a “bio-principled city” currently reflects more of a programmatic idea than a real political agenda. This study therefore draws attention to the existing policy mix of the city of Leipzig and evaluates in how far it already supports the city’s transformation into a bio-principled city. For this purpose, we developed a proper conceptional framework consolidating different research methods to conduct a comprehensive policy mix analysis. The analysis shows that the current policy framework for a bio-principled city in Leipzig is complex, uncoordinated and lacks in definitive actions. Our analysis offers interested policy makers and scientists an example of how an incidental and thus patchy policy mix can look like in practice. By highlighting its strengths and corresponding limitations, we provide a starting point for deliberate interventions to further promote the vision of a bio-principled city politically and thus realize its implementation.
Control of opening duration in a pneumatically operated valve with two-fluid combination and quadratic damping
Authors: Das Debanjan , Waghmare Shrey , Padmanabhan P. , Kumaresan V. , Sudhakar D. P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, opening characteristics of a pneumatically operated valve and methodology for controlling the valve opening duration have been investigated through numerical simulation. The valve has a poppet mounted with spring which is actuated by a pneumatic command pressure to provide a displacement of 30 mm in fully open condition. The spring housing comprises of columns of two fluids, namely air and oil, and an orifice which communicates with an adjacent auxiliary chamber. As the poppet is actuated, air initially passes through the orifice leading to a fast opening of the valve. Subsequently, opening rate of the valve is reduced as oil column encounters the orifice. The governing differential equations of motion for the valve poppet were solved using a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, and the resistance offered by the orifice to oil flow was considered using a quadratic damping model. Simulations were carried out for two different orifice sizes, and results were validated with experiments. It was noted that for the same valve assembly, the opening duration can be controlled by varying the length of oil column and/or the orifice diameter, with no change in command pressure.
Examining the validity and fidelity of a virtual reality simulator for basic life support training
Authors: Arthur Tom , Loveland-Perkins Tilly , Williams Charlotte , Harris David , Wilson Mark , de Burgh Toby , Dhanda Jagtar , Vine Sam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Virtual reality (VR) offers an immersive and practical method for training medical skills, especially in emergency healthcare settings. However, it is unclear whether learning in VR will translate into real-world performance benefits. To explore these potential transfer effects, we examined the validity and fidelity of a bespoke VR environment for Basic Life Support (BLS) training, a generic skill in medical training programmes.

Methods
Twenty-two medical trainees performed standardised BLS procedures within two simulation conditions: one in VR, using a Pico Neo 3 standalone system; the other in a real-world synthetic environment, which included a physical mannequin and resuscitation equipment. Patterns of task behaviour, workload, sense of presence, and visual attention were derived from user self-report questionnaires, video recordings, and eye-tracking data.

Results
Data showed that the VR training environment was sufficiently high in face validity to immerse the participants, and that trainees were displaying realistic task behaviours and procedural actions. However, the fidelity of user interactions and movements in VR proved atypical, which seemed to disrupt participants’ attentional and motor responses.

Conclusions
Results suggest that VR may have limitations for improving physical skills in the context of BLS training, yet be potentially valuable for developing task procedures and/or perceptual abilities.
TP53 Gain-of-Function and Non–Gain-of-Function Mutations Are Associated With Differential Prognosis in Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pan Minggui , Jiang Chen , Zhang Zheyang , Achacoso Ninah , Alexeeff Stacey , Solorzano Aleyda V. , Tse Pam , Chung Elaine , Sundaresan Tilak , Suga Jennifer Marie , Thomas Sachdev , Habel Laurel A. 
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE To examine the impact of TP53 gain-of-function (GOF) and non-GOF mutations on prognosis of advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) among patients with KRAS, CDKN2A, and SMAD4 comutations. METHODS This cohort included patients with locally advanced, recurrent, and de novo metastatic PDAC with next-generation sequencing performed from November 2017 to May 2022. We defined R175H, R248W, R248Q, R249S, R273H, R273L, and R282W as GOF and all other p53 mutations (mutp53) as non-GOF. We used Cox regression modeling to examine the association between GOF and non-GOF mutp53 and overall survival (OS), adjusting for demographics, performance status, Charlson comorbidity index, receipt of chemotherapy, and KRAS, CDKN2A, and SMAD4 comutations. RESULTS Of 893 total eligible patients, 68.5% had tumors with mutp53, 90.1% had KRAS mutations (mutKRAS), 44.7% had CDKN2A mutations (mutCDKN2A), and 17.0% had SMAD4 mutations. Among patients with mutp53, 121 had GOF and 491 had non-GOF. GOF mutp53 was associated with worse OS than non-GOF mutp53 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.59) and wild-type p53 (wtp53; HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.57), whereas non-GOF was not associated with worse OS than wtp53 (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.13). In addition, mutKRAS was associated with worse OS than wild-type KRAS in patients with mutCDKN2A (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.88 to 2.80) but not in patients with wild-type CDKN2A (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.39). CONCLUSION GOF and non-GOF mutp53 were associated with differential prognosis in advanced PDAC. The adverse effect of mutKRAS on OS appeared to be primarily driven by patients with mutCDKN2A. Our results provide new insight that could be helpful for prognostic stratification in clinical practice and for aiding future clinical trial designs.
Effect of the FetalTHRBGenotype on the Placenta
Authors: Salas-Lucia Federico , Stan Marius N , James Haleigh , Rajwani Aadil , Liao Xiao-Hui , Dumitrescu Alexandra M , Refetoff Samuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractContextPregnant women with mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene expose their fetuses to high thyroid hormone (TH) levels shown to be detrimental to a normal fetus (NlFe) but not to an affected fetus (AfFe). However, no information is available about differences in placental TH regulators.ObjectiveTo investigate whether there are differences in placentas associated with a NlFe compared with an AfFe, we had the unique opportunity to study placentas from 2 pregnancies of the same woman with THRB mutation G307D. One placenta supported a NlFe while the other an AfFe.MethodsSections of placentas were collected and frozen at −80 °C after term delivery of a NlFe and an AfFe. Two placentas from healthy women of similar gestational age were also obtained. The fetal origin of the placental tissues was established by gDNA quantitation of genes on the X and Y chromosomes and THRB gene. Expression and enzymatic activity of deiodinases 2 and 3 were measured. Expression of following genes was also quantitated: MCT10, MCT8, LAT1, LAT2, THRB, THRA.ResultsThe placenta carrying the AfFe exhibited a significant reduction of deiodinase 2 and 3 activities as well as the expression of the TH transporters MCT10, LAT1 and LAT2, and THRA.ConclusionWe present the first study of the effect of the fetal THRB genotype on the placenta. Though limited by virtue of the rarity of THRB mutations and sample availability, we show that the fetal THRB genotype influences the levels of TH regulators in the placenta.
Canagliflozin and Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: New Insights From CANVAS
Authors: Borisov Angel N , Kutz Alexander , Christ Emanuel R , Heim Markus H , Ebrahimi Fahim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there is still no approved pharmacological treatment. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have been suggested to beneficially modify liver-related outcomes in patients with diabetes.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the effects of the SGLT-2 inhibitor canagliflozin on liver-related outcomes in patients with advanced T2DM and high cardiovascular risk.

Methods
We performed a secondary post hoc analysis of 2 large double-blind randomized controlled trials, CANVAS (NCT01032629) and CANVAS-R (NCT01989754), which included patients with T2DM and high cardiovascular risk who were randomized to receive either canagliflozin or placebo once daily. The primary endpoint was a composite of improvement of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels &gt;30% or normalization of ALT levels. Secondary endpoints included change in noninvasive tests of fibrosis and weight reduction of &gt;10%.

Results
In total, 10 131 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 2.4 years (mean age 62 years; mean duration of diabetes 13.5 years; 64.2% male). Of those patients, 8967 (88.5%) had MAFLD according to hepatic steatosis index and 2599 (25.7%) exhibited elevated liver biochemistry at baseline. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 35.2% of patients receiving canagliflozin and in 26.4% with placebo (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.51; 95% CI, 1.38-1.64; P &lt; .001). Canagliflozin led to improvements in some noninvasive tests of fibrosis (NFS, APRI, FNI). Significant weight reduction of &gt;10% (within 6 years) was achieved in 12.7% with canagliflozin compared to 4.1% with placebo (aOR 3.45; 95% CI, 2.91-4.10; P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
In patients with T2DM, treatment with canagliflozin vs placebo resulted in improvements in liver biochemistry and metabolism and might beneficially affect liver fibrosis.
The REV-ERB Nuclear Receptors: Timekeepers for the Core Clock Period and Metabolism
Authors: Adlanmerini Marine , Lazar Mitchell A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
REV-ERB nuclear receptors are potent transcriptional repressors that play an important role in the core mammalian molecular clock and metabolism. Deletion of both REV-ERBα and its largely redundant isoform REV-ERBβ in a murine tissue–specific manner have shed light on their specific functions in clock mechanisms and circadian metabolism. This review highlights recent findings that establish REV-ERBs as crucial circadian timekeepers in a variety of tissues, regulating overlapping and distinct processes that maintain normal physiology and protect from metabolic dysfunction.
Tree Stories
Authors: Nassar Dalia , Barbour Margaret 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article develops the notion of the “embodied history of trees” and articulates its conceptual and ethical implications. It demonstrates how trees literally embody their environment in their very structure and argues that trees express their environments in the deepest, most responsive, and most immediate way. The article then moves to consider how trees fundamentally shape their environment, showing that just as trees are expressions of their contexts, so their contexts are expressions of the trees. By highlighting the deep reciprocity between trees and their environments, the article raises crucial questions about the usual modes of conceptualizing the relation between organism and environment, and points to the ways in which environmental ethics remains largely wedded to these problematic conceptualizations. It concludes by developing environmental ethical concepts in light of the embodied history of trees, noting how these concepts challenge assumptions within mainstream environmental ethics, while extending the insights of deep ecology, ecofeminism, and Indigenous relational ethics in illuminating ways.
Meditations on Writing Hell
Authors: Singer Hayley 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis essay is a broken elemental thing composed of cuts, by which is meant outtakes. Outtakes are scenes or sequences that never make it into a film. The scenes collected here have been retrieved from the cutting floor of the editing suite in its author's mind and reassembled in ways that hold onto an ambitious claim—to think of narrative cuts and silences as interruptive forces in the operation of writing and the imaginative rendering of the abattoir. Working with outtakes helps the author approach, in a new way, questions the author has been exploring for a while now: How can writers critically respond to the existence of abattoirs? What strategies might writers engage to render normalized forms of violence against animals strange and even intolerable through particularly literary practices, strategies, and generic forms? Literally, caesura means “cutting.” It evokes pause. Space for breath, for detours in modes of multispecies literary representation. If the line—working on the assembly line and writing a certain kind of poetic line—is an orientation that draws literature and the abattoir together, as Joseph Ponthus's autofictional poem essay On the Line: Notes from a Factory (2021) suggests, this essay also suggests that the slash is an allied critical-creative orientation that equally requires engagement.
Limb bone strains during climbing in green iguanas (Iguana iguana): testing biomechanical release as a mechanism promoting morphological transitions in arboreal vertebrates
Authors: Munteanu V. David , Diamond Kelly M. , Blob Richard W. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Across vertebrate diversity, limb bone morphology is typically expected to reflect differences in the habitats and functional tasks that species utilize. Arboreal vertebrates are often recognized to have longer limbs than terrestrial relatives, a feature thought to help extend the reach of limbs across gaps between branches. Among terrestrial vertebrates, longer limbs can experience greater bending moments that might expose bones to a greater risk of failure. However, changes in habitat or behavior can impose changes in the forces that bones experience. If locomotion imposed lower loads in trees than on the ground, such a release from loading demands might have produced conditions under which potential constraints on the evolution of long limbs were removed, making it easier for them to evolve in arboreal species. We tested for such environmental differences in limb bone loading using the green iguana (Iguana iguana), a species that readily walks over ground and climbs trees. We implanted strain gauges on the humerus and femur, and then compared loads between treatments modeling substrate conditions of arboreal habitats. For hindlimbs, inclined substrate angles were most correlated with strain increases, whereas the forelimbs had a similar pattern but of lesser magnitude. Unlike some other habitat transitions, these results do not support biomechanical release as a mechanism likely to have facilitated limb elongation. Instead, limb bone adaptations in arboreal habitats were likely driven by selective pressures other than responses to skeletal loading.
Ethnobotanical relevance and conservation of medicinal plants used to treat human diseases in Ifedore, Ondo-State, Nigeria
Authors: OLANIPEKUN MARY K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Olanipekun MK. 2023. Ethnobotanical relevance and conservation of medicinal plants used to treat human diseases in Ifedore, Ondo-State, Nigeria. Asian J Ethnobiol 6: 7-19. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the local people in Ifedore Local Government Area, Nigeria, was conducted to document indigenous knowledge of the importance of medicinal plants. Eighty-four respondents were selected randomly from four villages, and 20 key informants were selected with the help of local administrators, elders, and other community members. Semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and field observation were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used for ethnobotanical data analysis. In this study, 98 medicinal plant species belonging to 47 families were collected, identified, and documented. Asteraceae and Solanaceae were the highest families. Most plants were collected from the wild, and herbs were the most growth form. Leaf (63.2%) was the most frequently utilized part. The majority of the identified plants were herbs (55 species, 56%); followed by trees (36 species; 36.7%); climbers (4 species, 4%), and shrubs (3 species, 3%), respectively. The plants were not cultivated (70.4%). The most popular modes of preparation and route of administration were decoction and oral route, respectively. The medicinal plants were reportedly used mostly for treating respiratory tract infections 41 (41.8%). The local people believed that heart disease, liver disease, and urinary tract incontinence had no effective modern medication like herbal mixtures. Ocimum basilicum L. was highly effective in treating diarrhea. Agricultural expansion and building purposes, amongst others, were the most common factors for diminishing the number of medicinal plants. Training and supporting traditional healers with incentives increase their interest in conserving medicinal plants.
The unintended detrimental effects of pursuing a professional vocation: The case of veterinarians
Authors: Palma Marco A. , Zhang Peilu , Cornell Karen , Salois Matthew , Bain Bridget , Neill Clinton 
Published: May 2023

Pursuing one’s life calling can be personally fulfilling and professionally rewarding, but it also requires sacrifice. We provide evidence of a strong vocational drive using veterinary students as a case study and find that they willingly contribute higher monetary donations for helping animals relative to students in other fields. We also find a significant reduction in the cognitive performance of veterinarian students when exposed to an animal-in-need manipulation. The performance of non-veterinary students in the cognitive task is unaffected by the manipulation. Our results highlight the need for programs to address the economic, financial, and mental health well-being of students and professionals to promote sustainable vocational career commitment.
“You owe it to all of us to get on with what you’re good at.” W.H. Auden