bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of electron cyclotron resonance heating for high-field and high-density tokamak COMPASS Upgrade
Authors: Farnik M , Casolari A , Bogar O , Tomesova E , Jaulmes F , Komm M , Poli E , Reich M , Hron M ,   COMPASS Upgrade Team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electron cyclotron resonance heating is one of the additional heating systems that is going to be installed at the future high-field tokamak COMPASS Upgrade in Prague. Experimental scenarios cover a wide range of operational parameters, thus the designed heating system has to be exceptionally versatile. The simulations of wave propagation in plasma have been performed using the TORBEAM code. The obtained results yield important information about density limitations and other constraints of ECRH at COMPASS Upgrade, which are necessary for the subsequent design phase. A brief description of intended experimental scenarios is provided together with simulations of the influence of ECRH on COMPASS Upgrade plasma. Efforts should be made to prevent high-density discharges in H-mode plasma. If the high densities can be prevented, the 105/140 GHz frequency heating system provides sufficient heating in most experimental scenarios. The utilization of 170 GHz would be beneficial for intermediate magnetic field scenarios as well. In the future, the potential upgrade towards the 200+ GHz systems would help to tackle the problems with natural H-mode density.
Numerical investigation of neoclassical tearing mode in toroidal plasma
Authors: Huang J X , Ma Z W , Zhang M , Zhang W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) is numerically investigated with the three-dimensional toroidal magnetohydrodynamic model. Both the linear and nonlinear behaviors are simulated and compared with the theory. It is found that in the large aspect ratio condition, the growth rate for a small island limit and the saturated island width for 2/1 NTMs are in good agreement with the MRE theory. However, in the toroidal geometry, the toroidal effect will alter the NTM behaviors. In the small island region, the island growth rate is significantly reduced due to the GGJ effect, because the poloidal asymmetry of the perturbed bootstrap current and the perturbed Pfirsch–Schlüter current are resulted from the Grad–Shafranov shift. As the magnetic island grows, the poloidal asymmetry is substantially reduced, and the growth rate increases significantly.
Search for light long-lived particles decaying to displaced jets in proton–proton collisions at

s

=
13.6

TeV
Authors: Collaboration The CMS 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A search for light long-lived particles (LLPs) decaying to displaced jets is presented, using a data sample of proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb−1, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022. Novel trigger, reconstruction, and machine-learning techniques were developed for and employed in this search. After all selections, the observations are consistent with the background predictions. Limits are presented on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson to LLPs that subsequently decay to quark pairs or tau lepton pairs. An improvement by up to a factor of 10 is achieved over previous limits for models with LLP masses smaller than 60 GeV and proper decay lengths smaller than 1 m. The first constraints are placed on the fraternal twin Higgs (FTH) and folded supersymmetry (FSUSY) models, where the lower bounds on the top quark partner mass reach up to 350 GeV for the FTH model and 250 GeV for the FSUSY model.
First-principles study on the physical properties of Al-based wide-bandgap perovskites Cs3AlIxBr6-x for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Ahmed Hussain , Mukhtar Surayya , Agathopoulos Simeon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims at exploring the potential of inorganic wide-bandgap mixed-halide aluminum-containing perovskites of Cs3AlI
x
Br6−x
for solar harvesting, by investigating their structural, electronic and optical properties through density functional theory using the augmented plane wave plus local orbital method. The structural properties were calculated with the PBE-GGA potential. Volume optimization and negative formation energies confirm the structural and thermal stability of the compounds. The electronic and optical properties were calculated using Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential. The TB-mBJ corrected band gaps revealed that these materials belong to the wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite family, displaying band gaps in the range of 3–5 eV. The electronic properties confirm their direct bandgap nature, with the I-p and Br-p states mainly contributing to the formation of the valence band and the Al-s, Al-p and Cs-d states to the conduction band. Absorption coefficients range from 10 to140 × 104 per cm in the UV region, thus making these WBG perovskites suitable for applications in this region. Optical properties show absorption of light beyond 3 eV and validate the calculated electronic band gaps. Absorption coefficients, optical conductivity and dielectric function (real and imaginary) were calculated and revealed a peak shift from higher to lower energies with increasing I concentration. The above results suggest that these materials can be highly considered for use in photovoltaics, optoelectronic devices (light-emitting diodes, photodiodes), to power small batteries in the Internet of Things, in agrivoltaics and in fabrication of semi-transparent solar cells.
Beyond periodicity: tailoring Tamm resonances in plasmonic nanohole arrays for multimodal lasing
Authors: Shahid Shadman , Anisuzzaman Talukder Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through metal nanohole arrays (NHAs) and Tamm plasmon (TP) states have been investigated in plasmonic devices since 1998 and 2007, respectively. Since their introduction, various potential applications for structures that support these phenomena have been reported, including plasmonic absorbers, lasing cavities, and narrowband filters. The performance of EOT- and TP-based devices is significantly influenced by the sizes and patterns of the holes in the NHA. While the effects of hole size and shape on EOT have been extensively studied, similar research on TP structures involving metal NHAs is still lacking. Particularly, the impact of gradually introducing randomness into the metal NHA on TP modes has yet to be explored. In this work, we modify the hole sizes and arrangements of the metal NHA and examine the effects on EOT and Tamm resonances. We investigate three scenarios: the bare metal NHA, a passive Tamm resonant cavity, and a TP laser. We observe that multiple Tamm resonances appear as the periodicity of the holes increases. However, these resonances vanish when the hole arrangement shifts from a regular array to a pseudo-periodic random array, which is defined as a collection of holes placed randomly within a periodically repeating square unit cell. These multiple resonances can be attributed to the folding of dispersion lines in a periodically patterned TP cavity. The dispersion characteristics of the NHA array-based structures are calculated and analyzed to understand better the multiple resonances in the transmission and lasing emission patterns.
Nonlinear wave dynamics of (1+1)- dimensional conformable coupled nonlinear Higgs equation using modiﬁed ( G′G2)-expansion method
Authors: Behera Sidheswar , Behera Diptiranjan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The conformable coupled nonlinear Higgs equation has been analyzed here using the modified \((\frac{G'}{G^2})\)-expansion method. This equation describes the dynamics of conserved scalar nucleons interacting with neutral scalar mesons. Accordingly, new exact solutions have been obtained. Functions derived from trigonometry, hyperbolic operations, and rational functions are used to define the traveling waveform responses. These solutions are illustrated with various interesting figures for different parameters. Additionally, physical interpretations of these results are provided. The solutions uncovered in this study are more thorough, wide-ranging, and, in some cases, novel, as they have not been discovered in previous studies. {\color{red}These solutions may be useful in understanding nonstandard interactions or forces and potentially addressing phenomena beyond the standard model.} The implemented strategies are efficient, align with computer algebraic expressions, and provide a sufficient number of diverse wave solutions.
Spectroscopic Study of the Late B-type Eclipsing Binary System AR Aurigae A and B: Towards Clarifying the Differences in Atmospheric Parameters and Chemical Abundances
Authors: Takeda Yoichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
AR Aur A+B is a close binary of astrophysical interest because dissimilar surface compositions are reported between similar late B-type dwarfs. A new spectroscopic study on this system was carried out based on the disentangled spectra, in order to determine their atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances. The effective temperature and microturbulence (determined from the equivalent widths of Fe ii lines) turned out to be (11,150 K, 0.9 km s−1) and (10,650 K, 0.1 km s−1) for A and B, respectively. The chemical abundances of 28 elements were then derived while taking into account the non-LTE effect for Z ≤ 15 elements (Z: atomic number). The following trends were elucidated for [X/H] (abundance of X relative to the Sun): (1) Qualitatively, [X/H] shows a rough global tendency to increase with Z, with the gradient steeper for A than for B. (2) However, considerable dispersion is involved for A, since prominently large peculiarities are seen in specific elements reflecting the characteristics of HgMn stars (e.g., very deficient N, Al, Sc, Ni; markedly overabundant P, Mn). (3) In contrast, the Z-dependence of [X/H] for B tends to be nearly linear with only a small dispersion. These observational facts may serve as a key to understanding the critical condition for the emergence of the chemical anomaly.
Decoding imagined movement in people with multiple sclerosis for brain–computer interface translation
Authors: Russo John S , Shiels Thomas A , Lin Chin-Hsuan Sophie , John Sam E , Grayden David B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune-mediated disorder affecting the central nervous system, commonly manifesting as fatigue and progressive limb impairment. This can significantly impact quality of life due to weakness or paralysis in the upper and lower limbs. A brain–computer interface (BCI) aims to restore quality of life through control of an external device, such as a wheelchair. However, the limited BCI research in people with MS has been confined to exploring the P300 response and brain signals associated with attempted movement. The current study aims to expand the MS-BCI literature by highlighting the feasibility of decoding MS imagined movement. Approach. We collected electroencephalography data from eight participants with various symptoms of MS and ten neurotypical control participants. Participants made imagined movements of the hands and feet as directed by a go no-go protocol. Binary regularised linear discriminant analysis was used to classify imagined movement vs. rest and vs. movement at individual time-frequency points. The frequency bands which provided the maximal accuracy, and the associated latency, were compared. Main Results. In all MS participants, the classification algorithm achieved above 70% accuracy in at least one imagined movement vs. rest classification and most movement vs. movement classifications. There was no significant difference between classification of limbs with weakness or paralysis to neurotypical controls. Both the MS and control groups possessed decodable information within the alpha (7–13 Hz) and beta (16–30 Hz) bands at similar latency. Significance. This study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of decoding imagined movements in people with MS. As an alternative to the P300 response, motor imagery-based control of a BCI may also be combined with existing motor imagery therapy to supplement MS rehabilitation. These promising results merit further long term BCI studies to investigate the effect of MS progression on classification performance.
Using transient, effector-specific neural responses to gate decoding for brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Dekleva Brian M , Collinger Jennifer L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Real-world implementation of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) for continuous control of devices should ideally rely on fully asynchronous decoding approaches. That is, the decoding algorithm should continuously update its output by estimating the user’s intended actions from real-time neural activity, without the need for any temporal alignment to an external cue. This kind of open-ended temporal flexibility is necessary to achieve naturalistic and intuitive control. However, the relation between cortical activity and behavior is not stationary: neural responses that appear related to a certain aspect of behavior (e.g. grasp force) in one context will exhibit a relationship to something else in another context (e.g. reach speed). This presents a challenge for generalizable decoding, since the applicability of a decoder for a given parameter changes over time. Approach. We developed a method to simplify the problem of continuous decoding that uses transient, end effector-specific neural responses to identify periods of relevant effector engagement. Specifically, we use transient responses in the population response observed at the onset and offset of all hand-related actions to signal the applicability of hand-related feature decoders (e.g. digit movement or force). By using this transient-based gating approach, specific feature decoding models can be simpler (owing to local linearities) and are less sensitive to interference from cross-effector interference such as combined reaching and grasping actions. Main results. The transient-based decoding approach enabled high-quality online decoding of grasp force and individual finger control in multiple behavioral paradigms. The benefits of the gated approach are most evident in tasks that require both hand and arm control, for which standard continuous decoding approaches exhibit high output variability. Significance. The approach proposed here addresses the challenge of decoder generalization across contexts. By limiting decoding to identified periods of effector engagement, this approach can support reliable BCI control in real-world applications.
Clinical Trial ID: NCT01894802
Equilibrium of charges and differential equations solved by polynomials II
Authors: Loutsenko Igor , Yermolayeva Oksana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We continue study of equilibrium of two species of 2d coulomb charges (or point vortices in 2d ideal fluid) started in (Loutsenko 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.
37 1309). Although for two species of vortices with circulation ratio −1 the relationship between the equilibria and the factorization/Darboux transformation of the Schrodinger operator was established a long ago, the question about similar relationship for the ratio −2 remained unanswered. Here we present the answer: one has to consider Darboux-type transformations of third order differential operators rather than second order Schrodinger operators. Furthermore, we show that such transformations can also generate equilibrium configurations where an additional charge of a third specie is present. Relationship with integrable hierarchies is briefly discussed.
Universal bound on the relaxation rates for quantum Markovian dynamics
Authors: Muratore-Ginanneschi Paolo , Kimura Gen , Chruściński Dariusz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Relaxation rates provide important characteristics both for classical and quantum processes. Essentially they control how fast the system thermalizes, equilibrates, decoheres, and/or dissipates. Moreover, very often they are directly accessible to be measured in the laboratory and hence they define key physical properties of the system. Experimentally measured relaxation rates can be used to test validity of a particular theoretical model. Here we analyze a fundamental question: does quantum mechanics provide any nontrivial constraint for relaxation rates? We prove the conjecture formulated a few years ago that any quantum channel implies that a maximal rate is bounded from above by the sum of all the relaxation rates divided by the dimension of the Hilbert space. It should be stressed that this constraint is universal (it is valid for all quantum systems with finite number of energy levels) and it is tight (cannot be improved). In addition, the constraint plays an analogous role to the seminal Bell inequalities and the well known Leggett–Garg inequalities (sometimes called temporal Bell inequalities). Violations of Bell inequalities rule out local hidden variable models, and violations of Leggett–Garg inequalities rule out macrorealism. Similarly, violations of the relaxation bound rule out Markovian (meaning CP-divisible) evolution.
Microstructure, microhardness and wear properties investigation in friction stir processing of stir cast Mg/B4C metal matrix composite
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Singh Palwinder , Singh Amardeep , Ram Baljinder , Bala Niraj 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Friction Stir Processing (FSP) has emerged as an excellent processing approach to tailor the microstructural and other properties of cast alloys and composite materials. In the current investigation, a stir-cast magnesium metal matrix composite (MMMC) reinforced with 12 wt% B4C particles was processed using single-pass FSP. FSP was carried out with a simple cylindrical tool pin using different tool rotational speeds of 800, 1000, 1200 rpm and transverse speed of 60 mm min−1. Severe deformation occurred during FSP which helped to refine the distribution of the B4C particles and grain refinement of as-cast composites. Microstructural examination showed an appreciable grain refinement from 98 to 5 μm because of dynamic recrystallization during FSP. The maximum microhardness of the friction stir processed (FSPed) composites increased from 73 Hv to 105.4 Hv. Pin-on-disk wear tests were conducted under dry sliding conditions in the load range of 1 kg to 5 kg at a 1 m s−1 sliding velocity. The wear results indicated an enhancement of wear properties of FSPed composites in comparison to as-cast magnesium metal matrix composites. The improved hardness and wear resistance results were pertaining to the remarkable refinement in grain size coupled with refined B4C particulates and uniform distribution. The best results for hardness and wear resistance of the FSPed composite were obtained for a sample processed at a tool rotation speed of 1000 rpm. SEM/EDS of the worn samples was carried out. The wear mechanism was found as slight abrasion and oxidation. After single pass FSP, the surface of Mg/12 wt% B4C cast composite showed remarkable changes in worn surface morphology.
Crystalline structures in foams: guided mechanical self-assembly of bubbles in fiber arrays
Authors: Chammouma Marwan , Jouanlanne Manon , Egelé Antoine , Favier Damien , Farago Jean , Hourlier-Fargette Aurélie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Spontaneous mechanical self-assembly of monodisperse bubbles generally leads to disordered foams at low density. Producing crystalline structures requires specific care: for example, Kelvin foams—periodic assemblies of bubbles arranged on a body-centered cubic lattice—are a typical example of a structure which is challenging to obtain experimentally, despite it being a local minimum of energy. Here we show how bubbling in different arrangements of fibers enables to control foam architectures through a guided mechanical self-assembly of bubbles: for optimal ratios of bubble size to fiber spacing, Kelvin and hexagonal close packing crystalline foams are formed in square and hexagonal fiber arrays, respectively. The long-range crystalline architectures achieved in samples spanning hundreds of bubbles are then quantified through a theoretical approach analysing the orientational order in the samples. This methodology, based on the decomposition of strut orientations via spherical harmonics, is inspired by the so-called Steinhardt’s coefficients, developed for quantifying rotational order in 3D liquids. Beyond the achievement of architecting liquid foam structures, our work demonstrates that the obtained ordering persists upon solidification of initially liquid polymeric foams, using alginate and polyurethane foams in nylon fiber arrays as model systems. The mechanically guided self-assembly of bubbles offers an attractive alternative to additive manufacturing to generate highly ordered architected polymeric materials.
Steel surface defect detection based on improved YOLOv8
Authors: LU Xin-ya , QU Mei-xia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Addressing the issue of imbalance between detection accuracy and speed in current steel surface defect detection methods, we propose an improved YOLOv8-based algorithm, named YOLO-SSD, for steel surface defect detection. This algorithm replaces the downsampling module with a SPD-Conv module in the backbone network and introduces the CBAM attention module to enhance feature extraction capability and small object detection ability. Additionally, in the neck network, the C2f module is replaced with a C2f-Ghost module, which not only lightweightens the neck module but also improves the utilization of computational resources. Experimental results on the NEU-DET dataset demonstrate that compared to the original YOLOv8 algorithm, the average detection accuracy of the YOLO-SSD algorithm for steel surface defect detection has been improved by 2.8%, with a frame per second (FPS) reaching 96. Compared to current mainstream steel surface defect detection algorithms, the improved detection algorithm can enhance the detection accuracy of the defect detection model without compromising detection speed.
Control technology of roadway floor heave based on a new grouting material
Authors: Jia Chuanbao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the mining process of the working face, mining activities will inevitably damage the surrounding rock of the roadway near the working face and pose a threat to the safety of coal miners. The stability of the roadway was of great significance for the safe production of coal mines. In this paper, a new type of grouting material was used to treat the failure characteristics of the roadway with rock bolts and bottom plate unloading grooves, and the deformation of the roadway after treatment was monitored. The results show that stress concentration occurs after the mining of the working face, with a large influence range and broken surrounding rock. The new grouting material has a wide setting time range, which can meet the grouting needs of different broken surrounding rocks. The dry shrinkage and bleeding rate of the stone-forming body were small, and the slurry has good stability. The strength of consolidated coal after 8 h can reach 13.1 MPa. After roadway treatment, the displacements of the roadway were 59 mm and 46 mm respectively. The deformation of the roadway was effectively controlled.