bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larval development and parasitism of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) in Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia) and European olive (Olea europaea): implications for the West Coast invasion
Authors: Callahan Heather L , Duan Jian J , Ragozzino Max L , Tallamy Douglas W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (EAB) has been devastating North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) resources for over 2 decades. In its native range, EAB attacks and kills primarily stressed ash trees. In North America, however, EAB also attacks healthy trees of every Fraxinus species encountered, most recently Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia Benth.). Successful EAB development has also been reported in European olive (Olea europaea L.). The recent detection of EAB in Oregon puts the future of these 2 hosts into question, as little is known about EAB’s development in these species or how introduced biocontrol agents will respond. We conducted laboratory and field infestations of olive and ash in Delaware and Oregon to assess EAB development and associated parasitoid responses. We found no difference in the net population growth rate of EAB developing in Oregon ash versus green ash. However, these species supported significantly more population growth than olive, in which EAB net population growth rate was zero, with most larvae dying prematurely. Artificially infested olives were small, which may have negatively impacted phloem availability and larval survival. Future studies should be conducted investigating EAB development on larger olive material. Although no parasitism was observed in infested olive, as EAB larvae seldom reached life stages (third or fourth instars) susceptible to larval parasitism, late-instar larvae developing in Oregon ash were attacked by both Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang and Spathius galinae Belokobylskij and Strazanac, suggesting that biocontrol is a suitable option for this newly invaded region.
Occurrence of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in livestock and in silico identification of probable catalytic domains in circulating ESBL variants
Authors: Sunder Jai , Mukherjee Ayan , Sujatha T , De Arun Kumar , Bhattacharya Debasis , Bandyopadhyay Samiran , Paul Aditya , Samanta Indranil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study was conducted to detect the occurrence and phenotypic resistance pattern of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in livestock using docking-based analysis to reveal the classes of antibiotics against which ESBL-producers are active. Rectal swabs from healthy cattle (n = 100), goats (n = 88), and pigs (n = 66) were collected from backyard farms in Andaman and Nicobar Island (India). In total, 304 isolates comprising Escherichia coli (131), Salmonella (75), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (98) were recovered. The phenotypic resistance pattern showed that the highest resistance was found against erythromycin, followed by ampicillin/cloxacillin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and oxytetracycline. Screening of the isolates demonstrated maximum presence of blaTEM-Type, followed by blaCTX-M-Type, and blaSHV-Type. Sequence homology revealed the presence of CTX-M-15, SHV-228, SHV-40, and TEM-82. The possible interactions of CTX-M-15 with cephalosporins and SHV with carbapenems have been identified by docking analysis. The study revealed the occurrence of ESBL-producers with circulating emerging ESBL variants like SHV-40, along with the common variants with clinical relevance (CTX-M-15, TEM-82), highlighting the potential role of livestock as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes. Identifying these ESBLs in livestock is crucial for understanding their contribution to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant bacteria into the human food chain.
Digital debating cultures: communicative practices on Reddit
Authors: Messerli Thomas C , Dayter Daria , Leuckert Sven , Liimatta Aatu , Mahler Hanna , Bohmann Axel , Kozma Gustavo , Tosin Rafaela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Reddit as a platform for online forum interaction hosts various communities (subreddits), which give rise to specific digital communicative practices. Communication on Reddit is on the one hand unified by a set of common affordances, and on the other hand it is characterized by a great deal of variation in terms of topics, interactional patterns, and linguistic features. In this article, we aim to map the communicative space(s) of Reddit by means of vignettes of studies from four research groups, each of them describing a different approach to one or several subreddits. Study 1 examines concessive constructs in r/changemyview posts, Study 2 focuses on expert-lay communication on r/mountaineering, Study 3 addresses register variation within a large corpus of Reddit comments from many different communities, and Study 4 looks across different subreddits to explore the function of text-length. Drawing on these four vignettes, we show the range of discourses that Reddit has hosted in recent years, while also exploring the methodological tools as well as the insights that qualitative, text-based digital humanities, critical discourse analysis and computational text analysis can provide. The map to the Reddit language research space we create here can help digital humanities researchers to make sense of the variety of different theoretical vantage points and methodologies that are currently being employed to Reddit, and it can serve as a guideline when it comes to choosing research agendas and relevant literature on current forum interaction.
Peculiar radio-bright behaviour of the Galactic black hole transient 4U 1543−47 in the 2021–2023 outburst
Authors: Zhang X , Yu W , Carotenuto F , Motta S E , Fender R , Miller-Jones J C A , Russell T D , Bahramian A , Woudt P , Hughes A K , Sivakoff G R 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Correlated behaviours between the radio emission and the X-ray emission in Galactic black hole X-ray binaries (BH XRBs) in the X-ray hard state are crucial to the understanding of disc-jet coupling of accreting black holes. The BH transient 4U 1543–47 went into outburst in 2021 following $\sim$19 yr of quiescence. We followed it up with $\sim$ weekly cadence with MeerKAT for about one year and a half until it faded into quiescence. Multi-epoch quasi-simultaneous MeerKAT and X-ray observations allowed us to trace the compact jet emission and its X-ray emission. In its hard spectral state across three orders of magnitude of X-ray luminosities above $\sim$10$^{34}$ ergs s$^{-1}$, we found the correlation between radio and X-ray emission had a power-law index of 0.82$\pm$0.09, steeper than the canonical value of $\sim$0.6 for BH XRBs. In addition, the radio versus X-ray correlation show a large range of the power-law normalization, with the maximum significantly larger than that obtained for most BH XRBs, indicating it can be particularly radio-bright and variable in the X-ray binary sample. The radio emission is unlikely diluted by discrete jet components. The observed peculiar radio-bright and variable behaviours provide the evidence for the relativistic effects of a variable Lorentz factor in the range between 1 and $\sim$2 of the compact jet.
Complete heart block with SARS-COV-2 infection inducing permanent pacing: a case report from a tertiary private hospital In Tanzania
Authors: Ibrahim Pendo , Kabakama Clement , Wilfred Venance , Daudi Zahra , Mvungi Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is an increased risk of cardiac complications in COVID-19 among patients with pre-existing comorbidities due to their existing pro-inflammatory status. The manifestation of complete heart block has been evidenced as transient and in no need of intervention. This case presents a previously healthy woman who was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and complete heart block; she underwent permanent dual-chamber pacemaker implantation after successful treatment and a negative COVID-19 test. She was then discharged from the hospital with an uneventful follow-up. Persistence of complete heart block symptoms post-COVID-19 resolution and the need for permanent pacing indicate a potential association between COVID-19 and complete heart block. Healthcare workers should consider electrographic examination in the initial assessment of suspected COVID-19 cases, even among those with no pre-existing conditions. This report highlights the need for further research to explore the relationship between COVID-19 and complete heart block.
A case of testicular leiomyoma in androgen insensitivity syndrome: exploring malignancy controversies
Authors: Neupane Neha , Pyakurel Devish , Shrestha Abha , Gautam Keyoor , Shrestha Srijana , Pradhan Santosh , Pant Vivek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Testicular leiomyoma is an exceptionally rare finding in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Here, we present a report of a 30-year-old individual diagnosed with complete AIS who presented with an inguinal mass subsequently identified as a right sided testicular leiomyoma. While leiomyoma are generally considered benign, controversies persist regarding the potential for malignancy in inguinal masses among AIS patients. This case underscores the complexity of diagnosing and managing such rare occurrences, particularly when considering the diverse opinions found in the scientific literature regarding the malignant potential of inguinal masses in AIS individuals. By presenting this case, we contribute to the ongoing debate on the evaluation and treatment of inguinal masses in AIS patients, emphasizing the need for further research and consensus in this area.
Parkinson's disease exacerbation following Levetiracetam administration: an unusual phenomenon
Authors: Alqahtani Laila , Alkhaibary Ali , Bouhouf Farid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated the potential beneficial and side effects of levetiracetam on Parkinson's disease (PD). We hereby report a case of PD exacerbation following Levetiracetam administration for seizure prophylaxis. Case Description: A 77-year-old female, known to have PD, presented with a head injury following a fall. Brain CT showed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient was started on Levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis. Four days after, the patient dropped GCS from 15 to 9. She was having progressive exacerbation of Parkinson’s disease symptoms. After ruling out all possible causes of PD exacerbation, Levetiracetam was gradually weaned until it was discontinued. Consequently, the patient had rapid significant clinical improvement after discontinuation of Levetiracetam. Conclusion: The use of Levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis in patients with PD can rarely lead to acute exacerbation of symptoms and worst outcome. Close monitoring of patients with PD is recommended when prescribing anti-epileptics.
Progression to end-stage renal disease due to IgG4-related nephritis: a case report
Authors: Kudsi Maysoun , Tarcha Raghad , Khalayli Naram , Rabah Nour , Rabah Karam , Alghawe Fatima Alzahraa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare but increasingly recognised condition that can involve multiple organs, including the kidneys which often presents as tubulointerstitial nephritis.
Treatment with glucocorticoids is the first line of therapy, but other options may be needed in refractory cases.
This case report explores a 68-year-old female, diagnosed with the patient initially responded to glucocorticoids but had a relapse, leading to progressive renal insufficiency and ultimately death.
Our case is a rare case observing the progression to end-stage kidney disease from IgG4-RD, and the first case of which the patient had died in a short period.
Cardiovascular outcomes and safety assessment of SGLT2i on heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Waseem Radeyah , Moaaz Bin Sultan Syed Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad Sheheryar , Shah Hussain Haider , Haque Md Ariful 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are used in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and show promise in improving outcomes in heart failure patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the benefits and side effects of SGLT2i in heart failure patients with a reduced ejection fraction.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar with keywords such as “Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor,” “Myocardial Infarction,” and “Cardiovascular.” Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials involving patients with heart failure. Primary outcomes were hospitalization due to heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Secondary outcomes included discontinuation due to adverse effects, amputation, fractures, and urinary tract infections.

Results:
Eight randomized controlled trials were included. The interventional group showed significantly lower hospitalizations (P = 0.00001) and cardiovascular deaths (P = 0.0008). Secondary outcomes, including adverse effects like amputation, fractures, and UTI, were not statistically significant across groups.

Conclusion:
SGLT2 inhibitors, due to their natriuretic, cardio-metabolic, and vaso-modulatory effects, offer a promising role in reducing cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Biochemical Profiling and Structural Basis of ADAR1-Mediated RNA Editing
Authors: Deng Xiangyu , Sun Lina , Zhang Min , Basavaraj Rashmi , Wang Jin , Weng Yi-Lan , Gao Yang 
Published: January 2025

SummaryADAR1 is a pivotal regulator in RNA-induced immune responses by catalyzing the conversion of adenosine to inosine on double-stranded RNA. Mutations on ADAR1 are associated with human autoimmune disease, and targeting ADAR1 has been proposed for cancer immunotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms governing ADAR1-mediated RNA editing remain enigmatic. Here, we provide detailed biochemical and structural characterizations of human ADAR1. Our biochemical profiling reveals that ADAR1 editing is both sequence and RNA duplex length-dependent, but can well tolerate mismatches near the editing site. Moreover, our high-resolution structures of ADAR1-RNA complexes, coupled with mutagenesis studies, revealed the molecular basis for RNA binding, substrate selection, dimerization, and the crucial role of the RNA-binding domain 3 for ADAR1 editing. The ADAR1 structures also help explain the potential defects of disease-associated mutations, where biochemical and RNA-sequencing analysis further indicate some of the mutations preferentially impact the editing of RNAs with short duplex. Our findings illustrate the molecular mechanism of ADAR1 editing and provide clues for deciphering its role in immune regulation and drug targeting.HIGHLIGHTSBiochemical profiling of ADAR1 RNA substrate preferenceAtomic resolution structures of ADAR1 with two physiological RNA substratesDisease-related mutations of ADAR1 preferentially impact RNA editing with short dsRNA.RNA-binding domain 3 is essential for ADAR1 RNA capture and editing
The emerging fungal pathogenCandida aurisinduces IFNγ to colonize mammalian hair follicles
Authors: Merrill Eric Dean , Prudent Victoria , Moghadam Parna , Rodriguez Abram , Hurabielle Charlotte , Wells Elina K.C. , Basso Pauline , Scharschmidt Tiffany C. , Rosenblum Michael D. , Molofsky Ari B. , Noble Suzanne M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPublic health alarm concerning the emerging fungusCandida aurisis fueled by its antifungal drug resistance and propensity to cause deadly outbreaks. Persistent skin colonization drives transmission and lethal sepsis although its basis remains mysterious. We compared the skin colonization dynamics ofC. auriswith its relativeC. albicans, quantifying skin fungal persistence and distribution and immune composition and positioning.C. aurisdisplayed a higher propensity to colonize hair follicles and avidly bound to human hair. WhileC. albicanstriggered an effective sterilizing type 3/17 antifungal immune response driven by IL-17A/F-producing lymphocytes,C. auristriggered a type 1, IFNγ-driven immune response targeting hair follicles. Rather than promoting fungal clearance, IFNγ enhancedC. aurisskin colonization by acting directly on keratinocytes impairing epithelial barrier integrity and repressing antifungal defense programs.C. aurisexploits focal skin immune responses to create a niche for persistence in hair follicles.
Sequencing-based Spatial Transcriptomics with scRNA-seq Sensitivity
Authors: Liao Renjie , Fu Defeng , Xu Zaoxu , Liang Han , Zhou Xiaoran , Chen Yiling , Liu Xueqi , Cheng Jiajun , Guo Ruidong , Li Chen , Xia Huihua , Li Gailing , Feng Diewen , Chen Wei , Chen Yang , Chen Longchao , Huang Zihang , Zhou Yang , Chen Qingbin , Chen Dexia , Xuan Shuguang , Zhang Changling , Lu Yongyi , Wang Hui , Feng Taiqing , Bao Yuanye , Zhao Luyang , Liu Erkai , Wang Gufeng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe advent of spatial transcriptomics has dramatically expanded our ability to study the vast network of cell-cell interactions at the molecular level in tissue. Among current methods, sequencing-based approaches have great potential in discovering because of its unbiased capture. In the last couple of years, the spatial resolution for the capture addresses has been significantly improved from 100 μm to <1 μm, well below the size of a mammalian cell. However, the capture efficiency has always been a pain point, ∼one order of magnitude lower than that of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The low capture efficiency limits the depth and breadth of its applications in the study of complex biological systems and diseases. Here, we introduce Salus Spatial transcriptomic system (Salus-STS), which provides ∼1 μm capture resolution and a capture efficiency ∼1 order of magnitude higher than other current methods. Analysis with sub-cellular resolution becomes practical for sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics.
Comparison of TENS electrodes and textile electrodes for electrocutaneous warning
Authors: Dölker Eva-Maria , Cabuk Yasemin , Kühn Tino , Haueisen Jens 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrocutaneous stimulation can be employed to alert workers in potentially hazardous situations. To determine the feasibility of a novel textile electrode cuff in comparison to previously used TENS electrodes, two studies were conducted. In a study onn= 30 participants, perception, attention, muscle twitch, and intolerance thresholds as well as qualitative and spatial perceptions, were determined for eight pairs of electrodes circumferentially placed around the upper right arm for TENS and for textile electrodes. In a second study onn= 36 participants, these thresholds were also determined during vibration, and a warning signal pattern was presented during vibration. We found smaller perception thresholds for the textile electrodes in comparison to the TENS electrodes for all 8 electrode pairs and occasional differences for the attention and intolerance thresholds, which might be mainly explained by the varying electrode sizes due to the manual production process of the textile electrodes. Stimulation using textile electrodes within the cuff showed less frequent muscle twitches compared to TENS electrodes. Other qualitative and spatial perceptions appeared comparable. The perception, attention, and intolerance thresholds increased during vibration comparable to previous results with TENS electrodes. The feasibility of using the textile electrodes during vibration and for the application of a warning signal was successfully demonstrated. Occasional cases occurred where the transition impedance was too high while using the textile electrodes. Future studies will focus on electrode optimization to achieve a wearable solution with both low electrode-skin transition impedance and minimal muscle twitching.
Oral prodrug of a novel glutathione surrogate reverses metabolic dysregulation and attenuates neurodegenerative process in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Rao Swetha Pavani , Imam-Fulani Aminat O. , Xie Wei , Phillip Samuel , Chennavajula Krishna , Lind Erin B. , Zhang Ying , Vince Robert , Lee Michael K. , More Swati S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGlycation-induced oxidative stress underlies the numerous metabolic ravages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Reduced glutathione levels in AD lead to increased oxidative stress, including glycation-induced pathology. Previously, we showed that the accumulation of reactive 1,2-dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal, the major precursor of non-enzymatic glycation products, was reduced by the increased function of GSH-dependent glyoxalase-1 enzyme in the brain. In this two-pronged study, we evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of an orally bioavailable prodrug of our lead glyoxalase substrate, pro-ψ-GSH, for the first time in a transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. This prodrug delivers pharmacodynamically relevant brain concentrations of ψ-GSH upon oral delivery. Chronic oral dosing of pro-ψ-GSH effectively reverses the cognitive decline observed in the APP/PS1 mouse model. The prodrug successfully mirrors the robust effects of the parent drug i.e., reducing amyloid pathology, glycation stress, neuroinflammation, and the resultant neurodegeneration in these mice. We also report the first metabolomics study of such a treatment, which yields key biomarkers linked to the reversal of AD-related metabolic dysregulation. Collectively, this study establishes pro-ψ-GSH as a viable, disease-modifying therapy for AD and paves the way for further preclinical advancement of such therapeutics. Metabolomic signatures identified could prove beneficial in the development of treatment-specific clinically translatable biomarkers.ABSTRACT GRAPHIC
Elevated SUN1 promotes aging-related polarity defects through mechanical coupling microtubules to the nuclear lamina
Authors: Li Yutao , Chen Mengqi , Antoku Susumu , Ding Junjun , Huang Kaiyao , Gundersen Gregg G. , Chang Wakam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn migratory fibroblasts, the front-rear polarity required for cell migration is defined by an anterior centrosome relative to the nucleus. To achieve this polarity, actin cables drive the nucleus backward by coupling to nuclear membrane proteins nesprin-2G and SUN2. Aging disrupts this cell polarity by increasing the protein levels of SUN1, a SUN2 homolog. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms behind this disruption and found that the dominant negative effect of SUN1 and progerin, an aging-related lamin A variant, required direct SUN1-lamin A interaction. Microtubule interaction and force transmission through a nesprin, identified as nesprin-2, are crucial for SUN1’s effect. We further discovered that stable microtubules are both necessary and sufficient to inhibit cell polarity. Using SUN1-SUN2 chimeric proteins, we demonstrated that the SUN domains determine their roles in cell polarization. Our findings reveal how elevated SUN1 disrupts cell polarity through coupling microtubule and nuclear lamina, emphasizing the impact of altered microtubule stability and nuclear mechanotransduction in aging.