bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of flow rate ratio and positioning on a lighthouse tip ECMO return cannula
Authors: Fiusco Francesco , Lemétayer Julien , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a life-saving support therapy in the case of cardiopulmonary refractory failure. Its use is associated to complications due to the presence of artificial surfaces and supraphysiological stress conditions. Thus, knowledge of the fluid structures associated to each component can give insight into sources of blood damage. In this study, an experimentally validated numerical study of a conventional lighthouse tip cannula in return configuration was carried out to characterize the flow structures using water or a Newtonian blood analog with different flow rate ratios and cannula positioning and their influence on hemolysis. The results showed that strong shear layers developed where the jets from the side holes met the co-flow. Stationary backflow regions at the vessel wall were also present downstream of the cannula. In the tilted case, the recirculation was much more pronounced on the wide side and almost absent on the narrow side. Small vortical backflow structures developed at the side holes which behaved like obstacles to the co-flow, creating pairs of counter-rotating vortices, which induced locally higher risk of hemolysis. However, global hemolysis index did not show significant deviations. Across the examined flow rate ratios, the holes on the narrow side consistently reinfused a larger fraction of fluid. A radial force developed in the tilted case in a direction so as to recenter the cannula in the vessel.
Diversification of coniferous monocultures in the last 30 years and implications for forest restoration: a case study from temperate lower montane forests in Central Europe
Authors: Seliger Alexander , Ammer Christian , Kreft Holger , Zerbe Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlanted monocultures of even-aged coniferous tree species are abundant worldwide but increasingly damaged by biotic and abiotic stressors and disturbances. In Central Europe, a fundamental goal of ecologically oriented forest management is thus the conversion of pure and often even-aged coniferous stands into structurally more diverse and mixed broad-leaved forests. This conversion is often achieved by single-tree selection resulting in small canopy openings that promote artificial or natural regeneration. Consequently, forest conversion aims at altering stand structure and tree communities. In order to describe thestatus quoof forest conversion and derive implications for forest management, we investigated changes of tree composition and forest structure in the Bavarian Spessart mountains in southwest Germany. We conducted a resurvey of 108 semi-permanent plots in four different coniferous stand types of Norway spruce, Scots pine, Douglas fir, and European larch about 30 years after the initial survey. We found significant differences in the stratification and cover of respective forest layers between the two sampling periods that indicated an increase in stand structural heterogeneity. While species richness of the overstorey remained constant, species richness and diversity of the shrub and lower canopy layer increased significantly. Regenerating “winner” species included late-successional broad-leaved (e.g., European beech, sessile oak), pioneer broad-leaved (e.g., silver birch, rowan) and shade-tolerant coniferous (e.g., silver fir, Douglas fir) species. Although Norway spruce was significantly reduced in the overstorey, it regenerated in parts extensively in the understorey. We conclude that the forest conversion in the Spessart mountains was overall successful in terms of diversifying forest structure and tree species. Its effects are, though, still emerging and the stands are in a transitional phase. Besides the preferred natural regeneration of target tree species, forest management may consider active measures to guide the facilitated diverse tree community of previously pure and even-aged coniferous stands towards stand maturity.
Why most youth comply with the social distancing measures: a qualitative study
Authors: Koning Naomi , Gorter Annerike , Zonneveld Michelle , van Rooij Floor , Spruijt Pita , van Dam Levi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aim
To examine what makes youth comply with COVID-19 social distancing measures.

Subject and methods
This qualitative interview study explored to what extent and why Dutch youth comply with social distancing measures during the first wave of COVID-19. All 35 participants were between 16 and 25 years old.

Results
Results showed that participants complied very well with social distancing measures, and that feeling solidarity with others and feeling responsible for others were most important for compliance. The participants experienced mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also mentioned positive outcomes, such as more time for hobbies. Lastly, having a natural mentor seems to be positively associated with compliance.

Conclusion
Most youth complied with the COVID-19 measures, but the participants also discussed the impact on their mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results shed light on the reasons for compliance of youth, but also stress that the mental health of youth should be monitored when these measures are in place.
Complex networks and deep learning for copper flow across countries
Authors: Federico Lorenzo , Mounim Ayoub , D’Urso Pierpaolo , De Giovanni Livia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, by using a lifecycle perspective, four stages related to the extraction, refining and processing of copper were identified. The different behaviors of countries in the import/export networks at the four stages synthetically reflect their position in the global network of copper production and consumption. The trade flows of four commodities related to the extraction, refining and processing of copper of 142 nations with population above 2 millions based on the UN Comtrade website (https://comtrade.un.org/data/), in five years from 2017 to 2021, were considered. The observed trade flows in each year have been modelled as a directed multilayer network. Then the countries have been grouped according to their structural equivalence in the international copper flow by using a Multilayer Stochastic Block Model. To put further insight in the obtained community structure of the countries, a deep learning model based on adapting the node2vec to a multilayer setting has been used to embed the countries in an Euclidean plane. To identify groups of nations that play the same role across time, some distances between the parameters obtained in consecutive years were introduced. We observe that 97 countries out of 142 consistently occupy the same position in the copper supply chain throughout the five years, while the other 45 move through different roles in the copper supply chain.
The AI4Citizen pilot: Pipelining AI-based technologies to support school-work alternation programmes
Authors: Georgara Athina , Kazhamiakin Raman , Mich Ornella , Palmero Aprosio Alessio , Pazzaglia Jean-Christoph , Rodríguez Aguilar Juan Antonio , Sierra Carles 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe School-Work Alternation (SWA) programme was developed (under a European Commission call) to bridge the gaps and establish a well-tuned partnership between education and the job market. This work details the development of the AI4Citizen pilot, an AI software suite designed to support the SWA programme. The AI4Citizen pilot, developed within the H2020 AI4EU project, offers AI tools to automate and enhance the current SWA process. At the same time, the AI4Citizen pilot offers novel tools to support the complex problem of allocating student teams to internship programs, promoting collaborative learning and teamwork skills acquisition. Notably, the AI4Citizen pilot corresponds to a pipeline of AI tools, integrating existing and novel technologies. Our exhaustive empirical analysis confirms that the AI4Citizen pilot can alleviate the difficulties of current processes in the SWA, and therefore it is ready for real-world deployment.
Helicobacter pylori–activated fibroblasts as a silent partner in gastric cancer development
Authors: Krzysiek-Maczka Gracjana , Brzozowski Tomasz , Ptak-Belowska Agata 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe discovery of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection of gastric mucosa leading to active chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and MALT lymphoma laid the groundwork for understanding of the general relationship between chronic infection, inflammation, and cancer. Nevertheless, this sequence of events is still far from full understanding with new players and mediators being constantly identified. Originally, the Hp virulence factors affecting mainly gastric epithelium were proposed to contribute considerably to gastric inflammation, ulceration, and cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that Hp possesses the ability to penetrate the mucus layer and directly interact with stroma components including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. These cells, which are the source of biophysical and biochemical signals providing the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation within gastric epithelial stem cell compartment, when exposed to Hp, can convert into cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. The crosstalk between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with gastric epithelial cells including stem/progenitor cell niche involves several pathways mediated by non-coding RNAs, Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, and Notch signaling ligands. The current review concentrates on the consequences of Hp-induced increase in gastric fibroblast and myofibroblast number, and their activation towards CAFs with the emphasis to the altered communication between mesenchymal and epithelial cell compartment, which may lead to inflammation, epithelial stem cell overproliferation, disturbed differentiation, and gradual gastric cancer development. Thus, Hp-activated fibroblasts may constitute the target for anti-cancer treatment and, importantly, for the pharmacotherapies diminishing their activation particularly at the early stages of Hp infection.
The Mechanisms of Ferroptosis Under Hypoxia
Authors: Gao Xin , Hu Wei , Qian Dianlun , Bai Xiangfeng , He Huilin , Li Lin , Sun Shibo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death, which is characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxidation and increase of ROS, resulting in oxidative stress and cell death. Iron, lipid, and multiple signaling pathways precisely control the occurrence and implementation of ferroptosis. The pathways mainly include Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Activating p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway inhibits ferroptosis. Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway promotes ferroptosis. Furthermore, some factors also participate in the occurrence of ferroptosis under hypoxia, such as HIF-1, NCOA4, DMT1. Meanwhile, ferroptosis is related with hypoxia-related diseases, such as MIRI, cancers, and AKI. Accordingly, ferroptosis appears to be a therapeutic target for hypoxia-related diseases.
Do Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth? How EU Law Underenforcement Allows TikTok’s Violations of Minors’ Rights
Authors: Cantero Gamito M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor some time already, there have been concerns about TikTok’s business practices and their compliance with EU law. Different market investigations found out that TikTok’s Terms of Service do not comply with the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, the Unfair Contract Terms Directive or the Consumers Rights Directive, and that they also infringe the General Data Protection Regulation and the Audiovisual Media Services Directive. This is particularly problematic considering that many children, a vulnerable category under the applicable law, use TikTok on a daily basis, which intensifies the severity of the infringements. Although the protection of minors is one of the policy objectives of the EU, this article argues that the enforcement structure is deficient. In view of TikTok’s practices infringing EU law, the European Consumer Organization, BEUC, called for an EU-level coordinated action to the European Commission and national authorities to request TikTok to align its practices with EU consumer law under the Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) Regulation. However, the developments following BEUC’s call for action revealed that the CPC Regulation is not sufficiently effective. Ultimately, the ongoing problems and the seemingly lenient interpretation and application of the CPC Regulation by EU authorities that allow the continuation of TikTok’s identified abusive and misleading practices provide evidence that the institutional apparatus for an EU-wide action for enforcement of consumer and data protection law is failing to deliver. This article provides a practical account of these developments and argues that “too many cooks spoil the broth”—i.e., that the plethora of rules, organizations, and procedures involved in enforcement paradoxically lead to the ineffectiveness of EU law. The paper takes the reconstruction of TikTok as a blueprint for discussing various options on how the existing enforcement structure of EU law in general, and CPC in particular, could and should be improved in light of the entry into application of the Digital Services Act.
Psychological Needs and Psychopathology in Adults Following a Significant Life Event: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Eckley Darrell , Allen Andrew , Millear Prudence , Rune Karina , Mason Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background

Symptom-based diagnostic formulations significantly influence psychological treatment; however, they are not without limitations. Employing a transdiagnostic approach may address these shortcomings. For transdiagnosis to gain wider acceptance, it is crucial to establish a meaningful connection between transdiagnostic measures and symptom expression. Two potential transdiagnostic measures, the Event Characteristics Questionnaire (ECQ) and the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Needs Frustration Scale (BPNSNFS), were identified based on theories of psychopathology. The present study investigated whether the unique within-person characteristics assessed by each scale could indicate symptom expression over time.

Method
Online questionnaires were completed by 290 international participants (86% female) who had experienced a significant event within the past 12 months. The measures included the ECQ, BPNSNFS, and clinical assessments of depression, anxiety, and anger.

Results
Results indicated that only the BPNSNFS demonstrated a meaningful connection with symptom expression. A cross-lagged structural analysis revealed that participants experiencing higher levels of needs frustration reported higher levels of depression and anger. Conversely, those reporting higher levels of needs satisfaction reported lower levels of depression and anxiety.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that the BPNSNFS can serve as a valuable transdiagnostic tool to enhance the delivery of measure-based care. Further research should continue to explore the clinical role of basic psychological needs.
Self-cleansing velocity in upward three-phase steady pipe-flow
Authors: Freire Diogo António Manuel Abreu , Maio Moura Pedro José de 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe solids transport and the conditions required to begin the transport of granular particles, or to avoid their deposition, in three-phase turbulent flows of mixtures of gas–liquid–solids, in upward inclined pipes, are complex phenomena whose governing equations and corresponding solutions can be approximated via experimental investigation and numerical computation. An experimental installation for establishing steady flow conditions of air–water-solids in an upward transparent acrylic pipe of 84 mm was built and prepared to allow the measurement of the transported flow rates of air, water, sand and fine gravel, with particle diameters between 0.425 and 7.20 mm. Two full set of experiments with water-solids, and air–water-solids, under comparable conditions, were performed in Laboratory, in order to analyse the influence of the gas phase. Three pipe angles between 30° and 58°, and four solid particle ranges with intermediate sizes forming a bed were tested. The average water superficial velocity demonstrates to be the most relevant variable for the solids transport beginning, and the presence of air has a positive influence, even without the mobilisation of the water flow rate increase due to air-lift pumping. A model relating a modified Shields parameter (Shmixc) with a modified Reynolds number of the particles (Remixc), both defined for the critical average flow rates of three-phase mixtures under steady flow, for which a residual mass of solid particles begins to be transported, is proposed. The resulting equation follows a power law of the generic type Shmixc = a Remixc−b, where a and b are positive constants experimentally obtained for the different angles of inclination of the upward pipe, with coefficients of determination well above 90%. The mathematical model proposed in this work allows the explicit computation of the self-cleansing velocity required for two-phase flows. The critical average air superficial velocity and subsequent average velocity of the mixture required for the solids transport in steady three-phase flows, when the average water superficial velocity is below the two-phase self-cleansing velocity, are computed using the proposed model by numerical iterative processes.
Primary teachers’ early and retrospective instructional vision of mathematical inquiry
Authors: Makar Katie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA key challenge in implementing inquiry-based learning in mathematics has been raising teachers’ confidence and skills with unfamiliar pedagogical practices. The nature of inquiry in particular challenges traditional notions of teaching mathematics that dominate the field. Few studies have explored how teachers’ perceptions of the nature of inquiry evolve as they adopt and gain experience over time teaching mathematics with inquiry. This article draws on interviews from ten primary teachers about their anticipated and initial experiences, then again after five years of experience. Using instructional vision as a lens, analysis of their perspectives of inquiry at each juncture provided insights into how teachers were confronted by and then persisted through early challenges to make mathematical inquiry a regular part of their pedagogy. This paper provides new insights of teachers’ vision of their role into adopting ambitious pedagogies over time.
Wireless patient monitoring and Efficacy Safety Score in postoperative treatment at the ward: evaluation of time consumption and usability
Authors: Skraastad Erlend Johan , Borchgrevink Petter Christian , Opøyen Lillian Asbøll , Ræder Johan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo evaluate objective time consumption and how nurses perceived introducing wireless patient monitoring (WPM) and a validated score on patient quality and safety, the Efficacy Safety Score (ESS), at a mixed surgery ward. After fulfilling a randomised controlled trial combining the ESS and WPM, we addressed time consumption and conducted a questionnaire survey among nurses who participated in the study. The questionnaire appraised the nurses’ evaluation of introducing these tools for postoperative management. Of 28 invited nurses, 24 responded to the questionnaire, and 92% reported the ESS and WPM-systems to increase patient safety and quality of care. 67% felt the intervention took extra time, but objective workload measurements revealed reduced time to 1/3 using ESS and WPM compared to standard manual assessment. Improved confidence when using the systems was reported by 83% and improved working situation by 75%. In a test situation to measure time consumption, the ESS and pre-attached WPM-systems require less time than the conventional standard of care, and may allow for more frequent clinical monitoring at the post-surgical ward. The combination of the ESS and the WPM systems was perceived as positive by participating nurses and further clinical development and research is warranted.
Development of microsatellite markers for sister species Linum suffruticosum and Linum tenuifolium in their overlapping ranges
Authors: Olmedo-Vicente Erika , Désamoré Aurélie , Simón-Porcar Violeta I. , Slotte Tanja , Arroyo Juan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Microsatellite markers were developed for distylous Linum suffruticosum and tested in the monomorphic sister species Linum tenuifolium. These species are perennial herbs endemic to the western and northwestern Mediterranean, respectively, with a partially overlapping distribution area.

Methods and results
We developed 12 microsatellite markers for L. suffruticosum using next generation sequencing, and assessed their polymorphism and genetic diversity in 152 individuals from seven natural populations. The markers displayed high polymorphism, with two to 16 alleles per locus and population, and average observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.833 and 0.692, respectively. All loci amplified successfully in the sister species L. tenuifolium, and 150 individuals from seven populations were also screened. The polymorphism exhibited was high, with two to ten alleles per locus and population, and average observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.77 and 0.62, respectively.

Conclusions
The microsatellite markers identified in L. suffruticosum and tested in L. tenuifolium are a powerful tool to facilitate future investigations of the population genetics, mating patterns and hybridization between both Linum species in their contact zone.
FECNet: a Neural Network and a Mobile App for COVID-19 Recognition
Authors: Zhang Yu-Dong , Govindaraj Vishnuvarthanan , Zhu Ziquan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 has caused over 6.35 million deaths and over 555 million confirmed cases till 11/July/2022. It has caused a serious impact on individual health, social and economic activities, and other aspects. Based on the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), a four-direction varying-distance GLCM (FDVD-GLCM) is presented. Afterward, a five-property feature set (FPFS) extracts features from FDVD-GLCM. An extreme learning machine (ELM) is used as the classifier to recognize COVID-19. Our model is finally dubbed FECNet. A multiple-way data augmentation method is utilized to boost the training sets. Ten runs of tenfold cross-validation show that this FECNet model achieves a sensitivity of 92.23 ± 2.14, a specificity of 93.18 ± 0.87, a precision of 93.12 ± 0.83, and an accuracy of 92.70 ± 1.13 for the first dataset, and a sensitivity of 92.19 ± 1.89, a specificity of 92.88 ± 1.23, a precision of 92.83 ± 1.22, and an accuracy of 92.53 ± 1.37 for the second dataset. We develop a mobile app integrating the FECNet model, and this web app is run on a cloud computing-based client–server modeled construction. This proposed FECNet and the corresponding mobile app effectively recognize COVID-19, and its performance is better than five state-of-the-art COVID-19 recognition models.