bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Behavioral and Economic Drivers on Gig Economy Workers
Authors: Allon Gad , Cohen Maxime C. , Sinchaisri Wichinpong Park 
Published: March 2023

Problem definition: Gig economy companies benefit from labor flexibility by hiring independent workers in response to real-time demand. However, workers’ flexibility in their work schedule poses a great challenge in terms of planning and committing to a service capacity. Understanding what motivates gig economy workers is thus of great importance. In collaboration with a ride-hailing platform, we study how on-demand workers make labor decisions; specifically, whether to work and work duration. Our model revisits competing theories of labor supply regarding the impact of financial incentives and behavioral motives on labor decisions. We are interested in both improving how to predict the behavior of flexible workers and understanding how to design better incentives. Methodology/results: Using a large comprehensive data set, we develop an econometric model to analyze workers’ labor decisions and responses to incentives while accounting for sample selection and endogeneity. We find that financial incentives have a significant positive influence on the decision to work and on the work duration—confirming the positive income elasticity posited by the standard income effect. We also find support for a behavioral theory as workers exhibit income-targeting behavior (working less when reaching an income goal) and inertia (working more after working for a longer period). Managerial implications: We demonstrate via numerical experiments that incentive optimization based on our insights can increase service capacity by 22% without incurring additional cost, or maintain the same capacity at a 30% lower cost. Ignoring behavioral factors could lead to understaffing by 10%–17% below the optimal capacity level. Lastly, our insights inform the design of platform strategy to manage flexible workers amidst an intensified competition among gig platforms. Funding: This study was supported by The Jay H. Baker Retailing Center, The William and Phyllis Mack Institute for Innovation Management, The Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, and The Fishman-Davidson Center for Service and Operations Management. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1191 .
Interprofessional team trust in maternity services: a service evaluation
Authors: Steward Emily 
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims A climate of trust in maternity may improve the experiences of staff and women accessing maternity services. The aim of this study was to explore how a climate of trust was promoted through creation of a regular virtual maternity multidisciplinary forum, known as a maternal medicine huddle, during the COVID-19 pandemic and what influence this had on the organisational culture of a local maternity system and the experiences of women receiving maternity care. Methods Through a critical feminist methodology, six participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Interviews were conducted through Miscrosoft Teams, with the six participants representing each of the six trusts in a selected local maternity and neonatal system. Results Developing trust for teamwork is valued, while at the same time interprofessional and interorganisation challenges are highlighted that can impact workplace culture. Conclusions The huddles have built a climate of trust, working to deliver safe, equitable care for those using maternity services and a supportive learning environment for those providing it.
The effect of supervision on community health workers’ effectiveness with households in rural South Africa: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , le Roux Karl W. , Norwood Peter , Stansert Katzen Linnea , Snyman Andre , le Roux Ingrid , Dippenaar Elaine , Tomlinson Mark 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) can supplement professional medical providers, especially in rural settings where resources are particularly scarce. Yet, outcomes of studies evaluating CHWs effectiveness have been highly variable and lack impact when scaled nationally. This study examines if child and maternal outcomes are better when existing government CHWs, who are perinatal home visitors, receive ongoing enhanced supervision and monitoring, compared to standard care.Methods and findingsA cluster randomized controlled effectiveness trial was conducted comparing outcomes over 2 years when different supervision and support are provided. Primary health clinics were randomized by clinic to receive monitoring and supervision from either (1) existing supervisors (Standard Care (SC);n= 4 clinics, 23 CHWs, 392 mothers); or (2) supervisors from a nongovernmental organization that provided enhanced monitoring and supervision (Accountable Care [AC];n =4 clinic areas, 20 CHWs, 423 mothers). Assessments were conducted during pregnancy and at 3, 6, 15, and 24 months post-birth with high retention rates (76% to 86%). The primary outcome was the number of statistically significant intervention effects among 13 outcomes of interest; this approach allowed us to evaluate the intervention holistically while accounting for correlation among the 13 outcomes and considering multiple comparisons.The observed benefits were not statistically significant and did not show the AC’s efficacy over the SC. Only the antiretroviral (ARV) adherence effect met the significance threshold established a priori (SC mean 2.3, AC mean 2.9,p< 0.025; 95% CI = [0.157, 1.576]). However, for 11 of the 13 outcomes, we observed an improvement in the AC compared to the SC. While the observed outcomes were not statistically significant, benefits were observed for 4 outcomes: increasing breastfeeding for 6 months, reducing malnutrition, increasing ARV adherence, and improving developmental milestones. The major study limitation was utilizing existing CHWs and being limited to a sample of 8 clinics. There were no major study-related adverse events.ConclusionsSupervision and monitoring were insufficient to improve CHWs’ impact on maternal and child outcomes. Alternative strategies for staff recruitment and narrowing the intervention outcomes to the specific local community problems are needed for consistently high impact.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov,NCT02957799.
Impact of gender on mid-term prognosis of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Jang Woo Jin , Choi Ki Hong , Kim Jihoon , Yang Jeong Hoon , Hahn Joo-Yong , Choi Seung-Hyuk , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol , Cho Yang Hyun , Sung Kiick , Kim Wook Sung , Jeong Dong Seop , Song Young Bin 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
We evaluated the impact of sex on mid-term prognosis in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Data on gender differences in current management or clinical outcomes after CABG are controversial, and there have been limited data focusing on them.

Methods
This was a retrospective and prospective, single-center, observational study. Between January 2001 and December 2017, 6613 patients who underwent CABG were enrolled from an institutional registry of Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03870815) and divided into two groups according to sex (female group, n = 1679 vs. male group, n = 4934). The primary outcome was cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction (MI) at 5 years. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to reduce confounding factors.

Results
During a mean follow-up duration of 54 months, a total of 252 cardiovascular death or MIs occurred (female, 78 [7.5%] vs. male, 174 [5.7%]). Multivariate analysis revealed no significant difference in the incidence of cardiovascular death or MI at 5 years between female and male groups (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78 to 1.41; p = 0.735). After propensity score matching, the incidence of cardiovascular death or MI was still similar between the two groups (HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.54; p = 0.666). The similarity of long-term outcomes between the two groups was consistent across various subgroups. There was also no significant difference in the risk of 5-year cardiovascular death or MI between males and females according to age (pre- and postmenopausal status) (p for interaction = 0.437).

Conclusions
After adjusting for baseline differences, sex does not appear to influence long-term risk of cardiovascular death or MI in patients undergoing CABG.

Clinical trials.gov number
NCT03870815.
Vascular density and macular sensitivity in eyes after scleral buckling surgery for macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Zabel Przemyslaw , Zabel Katarzyna , Kazmierczak Karolina , Stankiewicz Martyna , Jaworski Damian , Suwala Karolina , Buszko Katarzyna , Stafiej Joanna , Malukiewicz Grazyna , Kaluzny Jakub J. 
Published: March 2023

PurposeTo investigate the structure and function of the retina after scleral buckling (SB) surgery due to macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).MethodsTwenty eyes with repaired macula-on RRD and 20 fellow eyes were included. All patients within 6–12 months of the procedure, were examined to evaluate retinal structure using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and vessel density (VD) by OCT angiography (OCTA). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microperimetry (MP) tests were used to assess retinal function.ResultsAnalysis of the microvascular network using OCTA between the operated and healthy fellow eyes showed a significant reduction on VD in superficial vascular plexus (SVP), deep vascular plexus (DVP) and radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) (p< 0.001, p = 0.019 and p = 0.008, respectively). Comparison of retinal structure in SD-OCT showed no significant differences on thickness in ganglion cell complex (GCC) and peripaillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) (p> 0.05) between examined eyes. Retinal function analysis by MP examination showed a decrease of retinal sensitivity (p = 0.0013) whereas postoperative BCVA showed no differences (p = 0.62) in the operated eyes. Significant Pearson’s correlations were observed between retinal sensitivity and VD in SVP, RPC (p< 0.05).ConclusionIn the eyes after SB surgery due to macula-on RRD, changes in retinal sensitivity were accompanied by impairment of the microvascular network assessed by the OCTA.
Hospital-wide survey of clinical experience with artificial intelligence applied to daily chest radiographs
Authors: Shin Hyun Joo , Lee Seungsoo , Kim Sungwon , Son Nak-Hoon , Kim Eun-Kyung 
Published: March 2023

PurposeTo assess experience with and perceptions of clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI) to chest radiographs among doctors in a single hospital.Materials and methodsA hospital-wide online survey of the use of commercially available AI-based lesion detection software for chest radiographs was conducted with all clinicians and radiologists at our hospital in this prospective study. In our hospital, version 2 of the abovementioned software was utilized from March 2020 to February 2021 and could detect three types of lesions. Version 3 was utilized for chest radiographs by detecting nine types of lesions from March 2021. The participants of this survey answered questions on their own experience using AI-based software in daily practice. The questionnaires were composed of single choice, multiple choices, and scale bar questions. Answers were analyzed according to the clinicians and radiologists using paired t-test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.ResultsOne hundred twenty-three doctors answered the survey, and 74% completed all questions. The proportion of individuals who utilized AI was higher among radiologists than clinicians (82.5% vs. 45.9%, p = 0.008). AI was perceived as being the most useful in the emergency room, and pneumothorax was considered the most valuable finding. Approximately 21% of clinicians and 16% of radiologists changed their own reading results after referring to AI, and trust levels for AI were 64.9% and 66.5%, respectively. Participants thought AI helped reduce reading times and reading requests. They answered that AI helped increase diagnostic accuracy and were more positive about AI after actual usage.ConclusionActual adaptation of AI for daily chest radiographs received overall positive feedback from clinicians and radiologists in this hospital-wide survey. Participating doctors preferred to use AI and regarded it more favorably after actual working with the AI-based software in daily clinical practice.
Creation of an ustekinumab external control arm for Crohn’s disease using electronic health records data: A pilot study
Authors: Rudrapatna Vivek A. , Cheng Yao-Wen , Feuille Colin , Mosenia Arman , Shih Jonathan , Shi Yongmei , Roberson Olivia , Rubin Benjamin , Butte Atul J. , Mahadevan Uma , Skomrock Nicholas , Erondu Ngozi , Chehoud Christel , Rahim Saquib , Apfel David , Curran Mark , Khan Najat S. , O’Brien Christopher , Terry Natalie , Martini Benjamin D. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Randomized trials are the gold-standard for clinical evidence generation, but they can sometimes be limited by infeasibility and unclear generalizability to real-world practice. External control arm (ECA) studies may help address this evidence gaps by constructing retrospective cohorts that closely emulate prospective ones. Experience in constructing these outside the context of rare diseases or cancer is limited. We piloted an approach for developing an ECA in Crohn’s disease using electronic health records (EHR) data.

Methods
We queried EHR databases and manually screened records at the University of California, San Francisco to identify patients meeting the eligibility criteria of TRIDENT, a recently completed interventional trial involving an ustekinumab reference arm. We defined timepoints to balance missing data and bias. We compared imputation models by their impacts on cohort membership and outcomes. We assessed the accuracy of algorithmic data curation against manual review. Lastly, we assessed disease activity following treatment with ustekinumab.

Results
Screening identified 183 patients. 30% of the cohort had missing baseline data. Nonetheless, cohort membership and outcomes were robust to the method of imputation. Algorithms for ascertaining non-symptom-based elements of disease activity using structured data were accurate against manual review. The cohort consisted of 56 patients, exceeding planned enrollment in TRIDENT. 34% of the cohort was in steroid-free remission at week 24.

Conclusion
We piloted an approach for creating an ECA in Crohn’s disease from EHR data by using a combination of informatics and manual methods. However, our study reveals significant missing data when standard-of-care clinical data are repurposed. More work will be needed to improve the alignment of trial design with typical patterns of clinical practice, and thereby enable a future of more robust ECAs in chronic diseases like Crohn’s disease.
Fluoropyrimidine combination therapy versus fluoropyrimidine monotherapy for gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tian Wei , Zhang Lina , Liu Xiao , Ma Xiao , Wang Rui 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
Fluoropyrimidine-based regimens have been investigated as the second line chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer refractory to gemcitabine. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of fluoropyrimidine combination therapy versus fluoropyrimidine monotherapy in such patients.

Methods
The databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ASCO Abstracts and ESMO Abstracts were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared fluoropyrimidine combination therapy versus fluoropyrimidine monotherapy in patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer were included. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and serious toxicities. Statistical analyses were performed by using Review Manager 5.3. Egger’s test was performed to assess the statistical evidence of publication bias by using stata 12.0.

Results
A total of 1183 patients from six randomized controlled trials were included for this analysis. Fluoropyrimidine combination therapy increased ORR [RR 2.82 (1.83–4.33), p<0.00001] and PFS [HR 0.71 (0.62–0.82), p<0.00001], without significant heterogeneity. Fluoropyrimidine combination therapy improved OS [HR 0.82 (0.71–0.94), p = 0.006], with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 76%, p = 0.0009). The significant heterogeneity might have been caused by the different administration regimens and baseline characteristics. Peripheral neuropathy and diarrhea were more common in the regimens containing oxaliplatin and irinotecan, respectively. No publication bias was detected by Egger’s tests.

Conclusions
Compared with fluoropyrimidine monotherapy, fluoropyrimidine combination therapy had a higher response rate and longer PFS in patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer. Fluoropyrimidine combination therapy could be recommended in the second line setting. However, due to concerns about toxicities, the dose intensities of chemotherapy drugs should be carefully considered in patients with weakness.
Exploring the experiences and views of doctors working with Artificial Intelligence in English healthcare; a qualitative study
Authors: Ganapathi Shaswath , Duggal Sandhya 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe National Health Service (NHS) aspires to be a world leader of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, however, there are several barriers facing translation and implementation. A key enabler of AI within the NHS is the education and engagement of doctors, however evidence suggests that there is an overall lack of awareness of and engagement with AI.Research aimThis qualitative study explores the experiences and views of doctor developers working with AI within the NHS exploring; their role within medical AI discourse, their views on the implementation of AI more widely and how they consider the engagement of doctors with AI technologies may increase in the future.MethodsThis study involved eleven semi-structured, one-to-one interviews conducted with doctors working with AI in English healthcare. Data was subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings demonstrate that there is an unstructured pathway for doctors to enter the field of AI. The doctors described the various challenges they had experienced during their career, with many arising from the differing demands of operating in a commercial and technological environment. The perceived awareness and engagement among frontline doctors was low, with two prominent barriers being the hype surrounding AI and a lack of protected time. The engagement of doctors is vital for both the development and adoption of AI.ConclusionsAI offers big potential within the medical field but is still in its infancy. For the NHS to leverage the benefits of AI, it must educate and empower current and future doctors. This can be achieved through; informative education within the medical undergraduate curriculum, protecting time for current doctors to develop understanding and providing flexible opportunities for NHS doctors to explore this field.
Differentiation of self and relationship attachment, quality, and stability: A path analysis of dyadic and longitudinal data from Spanish and U.S. couples
Authors: Rodríguez-González Martiño , Bell Chance A. , Pereyra Sergio B. , Martínez-Díaz María Pilar , Schweer-Collins Maria , Bean Roy A. 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
In the current study, we examined the relationship between differentiation of self (DoS) and key relationship functioning variables among couples. This is the first study to test such relationships using a cross-cultural longitudinal approach (i.e., samples from Spain and the U.S.) while controlling for stressful life events–a key theoretical construct in Bowen Family Systems Theory.

Methods
A sample of 958 individuals (n = 137 couples from Spain, and n = 342 couples from U.S.) was used in cross sectional and longitudinal models to analyze the effects of a shared reality construct of DoS on anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, relationship stability, and relationship quality while considering gender and culture.

Results
Our cross-sectional results indicated that men and women from both cultures experienced an increase in DoS over time. DoS predicted increased relationship quality and stability and decreased anxious and avoidant attachment in U.S. participants. Longitudinally, DoS predicted increased relationship quality and decreased anxious attachment for Spanish women and men, while it predicted greater relationship quality and stability and decreased anxious and avoidant attachment of U.S. couples. Implications of these mixed findings are discussed.

Conclusions
Higher levels of DoS are linked with a better couple relationship across time, despite varying levels of stressful life events. Although some cultural differences regarding the links between relationship stability and avoidant attachment exist, this positive link between differentiation and the couple relationship is mostly consistent across the U.S. and Spain. The implications and relevance for integration into research and practice are discussed.
Social determinants of tobacco use among tribal communities in India: Evidence from the first wave of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India
Authors: Murmu Jogesh , Agrawal Ritik , Manna Sayantani , Pattnaik Sweta , Ghosal Shishirendu , Sinha Abhinav , Acharya Ardhendu Sekhar , Kanungo Srikanta , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundEvidence on tobacco use among indigenous communities is scarce with available literature based either on a specific region or a particular tribe. Considering the large tribal population in India, it is pertinent to generate evidence on tobacco use among this community. Using nationally representative data, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and assess its determinants and regional variations among older tribal adults in India.MethodsWe analysed data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), wave-1 conducted in 2017–18. A sample of 11,365 tribal individuals aged ≥ 45 years was included in this study. Descriptive statistics was used to assess the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT), smoking, and any form of tobacco use. Separate multivariable regression models were executed to assess the association of various socio-demographic variables with different forms of tobacco use, reported as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe overall prevalence of tobacco use was around 46%, with 19% of smokers and nearly 32% smokeless tobacco (SLT) users. Participants from the lowest MPCE quintile group had a significantly higher risk of consuming (SLT) [AOR: 1.41 (95% CI: 1.04–1.92)]. Alcohol was found to be associated with both smoking [AOR: 2.09 (95% CI: 1.69–2.58)] and (SLT) [AOR: 3.05 (95% CI: 2.54–3.66)]. Relatively higher odds of consuming (SLT) were associated with the eastern region [AOR: 6.21 (95% CI: 3.91–9.88)].ConclusionThis study highlights the high burden of tobacco use and its social determinants among the tribal population in India, which can help tailor anti-tobacco messages for this vulnerable population to make tobacco control programs more effective.