bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Root Canal Treatment after Orthognathic Surgery Cases
Authors: Abumelha Abdulaziz Saad 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Success in modern orthognathic surgery is based on the close association between the oral maxillofacial surgeon and the orthodontist during various phases of the treatment, starting from the preoperative treatment planning to obtain the ideal occlusion. Orthodontic and endodontic treatments are commonly studied. Although studies revealed that orthodontic treatment could cause an impact on endodontically treated teeth, and vice versa, to date, no study has been conducted revealing the incidence of root canal treatment (RCT) in patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of root canal therapy among patients subjected to orthognathic surgery.

Materials and Methods:
The present retrospective study was done on 814 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment. The clinical and radiographic records were assessed for all patients, and evidence of RCT was calculated. The data were obtained about gender, type of teeth involved, and diagnosis of the condition.

Results:
Out of those 57 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery in the past 5 years, 11 (1.35%) had undergone RCT, with the mean age being 21.72 years. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between both genders in diagnosis. A maximum of 27.27% of cases subjected to RCT were left maxillary first premolar, followed by right maxillary first premolar, and right maxillary first molar, with a statistically insignificant difference (P > 0.05) between both genders to the type of tooth involved.

Conclusion:
A significant rate of prevalence of RCT was observed among the patients undergoing orthognathic surgery (19.29%), mainly involving premolars. Males showed a higher incidence of RCT in the left mandibular molar, whereas in females, first maxillary premolars were mainly involved among patients subjected to orthognathic surgery. Thus, there is a need to evaluate patients for the requirement of RCT after orthognathic surgery.
Nutritional Status and Its Associated Factors in Children Under 5 Years of Age in the Aseer Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Qahtani Saleh M. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Despite progress in several health markers for under-five children, malnutrition continues to be a major health indicator and the chief cause of death in several countries. The manifestations of undernutrition, including stunting, underweight, and wasting, are major concerns worldwide. The present study aimed to explore stunting, wasting, and underweight in under-five children.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in children who had medical files in three selected Primary Health Care Centers of the Aseer Region. Anthropometric variables, including age, weight, and height, were assessed using the World Health Organization guidelines.

Results:
The study included 664 children. The overall prevalence of wasting, underweight, stunting, and thinness was 17.8%, 20.5%, 30.3%, and 18.4%, respectively. Living in rural areas and at sea level were significant associated factors for overall stunting and living at sea level was the only significant associated factor for severe stunting.

Conclusion:
Malnutrition levels among under-five children in the Aseer Region continue to be a public health issue and are higher than the levels observed in other regions of Saudi Arabia. Governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders should collaborate to develop short- and long-term programs addressing the major determinants of childhood malnutrition and its associated health effects.
Attitude of intern towards psychiatry
Authors: Raikot Swathi Rani , Kondaparthi Phanikanth , Devender Shwetha , Archana R. , Yashwanth G. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
With the rising mental health disorders in India and the limited number of psychiatrists, it is important that mental health care is made available at the primary care level. For this, it is important that the future doctors develop a positive attitude toward mental illnesses and their care.

Aim:
This study aims to analyze the attitude of the interns toward psychiatric and get feedback about the current undergraduate psychiatric education and training.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among interns pursuing their internship at a government hospital in Southern India. Data were collected using a Google form that included demographic data, semi-structured questionnaire, and attitude towards psychiatry-30 questionnaire.

Results:
The 203 valid entries were received. An overall positive attitude was seen. Indian medical graduates had a significantly more positive attitude than foreign medical graduates. Even after attending posting, a major 55% felt incompetent to provide primary care to common psychiatric cases and 67% felt they did not had adequate exposure to make a career choice in psychiatry. Of all the interns, 80% felt that the current 2 weeks' posting is inadequate for clinical learning, 90% would like to have a more dedicated course. Although the positive impact of the mandatory posting during the internship is evident, its duration seemed inadequate.

Conclusion:
The growing willingness to learn more about psychiatry, as seen in this study, seems to be the right chance for intervention to bring in more effective learning tools and provide an appropriate duration to learn psychiatry.
Perception towards rape among the youth in India
Authors: Vranda Mysore Narasimha , Lobo Remy 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Indian women and girls have suffered increased sexual violence despite progressive legislation.

Aim:
The research objective was to assess perceptions toward rape myth acceptance (RMA) among college students.

Methodology:
Two hundred and ninety-five undergraduate and postgraduate college students studying in Bengaluru city were administered a 22-item Illinois RMA to measure the acceptance of rape myths.

Results:
The results indicated a higher endorsement of rape myths among males than female students.

Conclusion:
This research provided the need for interventions to prevent sexual assault and rape against women and girls across the age with diverse groups of populations in India.
Association between cognition and personality factors among female harmful substance users
Authors: Sannamoth Rituparna , Halder Susmita 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Harmful pattern of substances use is increasing in females in recent times. The harmful use of substances may affect the cognitive functioning and personality traits of the person may act as a maintaining factor. In this background, the present study is trying to focus on the impact of harmful patterns of substances uses among adult women and find out the association between cognitive ability and personality factors in them.

Methods:
The study included total 60 females, 30 in each group of harmful substance users and healthy controls, aged between 18 and 40 years, from urban and semiurban areas of Kolkata, India. It is a cross-sectional study and followed the purposive sampling technique.

Results:
Results suggest that moderate risky pattern of using substances consecutively for 4 years may impact cognitive functioning (working memory, set shifting ability and learning ability) and distress appraisal in the studied sample. On the contrary, significantly higher psycho-motor speed was found among harmful substance users.

Conclusion:
It is very important and significant to identify the harmful use of substances in females in the initial stage to control adverse impact and to improve awareness and prevent them from more adverse addictive effect on cognitive and everyday functioning.
Internet use and its association with cases of depression in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pandey Rohit Raman , Kumar Kuldip , Gupta Manushree 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
The objective is to determine the association of pattern of Internet use with depression in the adult population.

Methods:
The case–control study was carried out at the psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital from December 2019 to December 2020. The study included 140 participants (70 patients diagnosed with depression and 70 controls-normal individuals without depression). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to determine the severity of depression. The socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, education, and marital status) and the Internet use parameters (duration of internet usage per day, years of use, type of Internet connection, gadget being used, location for using the Internet and websites) were compared between cases and controls to know the risk association of internet use with depression and its severity. P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:
Compared to controls, cases had significantly higher use of internet (6.8 ± 3.8 vs. 4.35 ± 3.97 h/week, P = 0.003) and overall years of internet use (5.94 ± 2.42 vs. 4.71 ± 2.22, P = 0.002) with odds ratio of 2.345 (95% confidence intervals [CIs] 1.267–4.325) and 3.217 (95% CIs 2.321–5.478), respectively. HDRS scale showed that there were 29 (41.43%) cases of mild depression, 39 (55.71%) cases of moderate depression and 2 (2.86%) cases of severe depression. A significant positive correlation was seen for Internet use (r = 0.759, P < 0.0001) and year using internet (r = 0.876, P < 0.0001) with the severity of depression.

Conclusion:
Increased duration of internet use holds a significantly higher odds of depression in the adult population. The severity of depression holds a direct relation to the increasing use of Internet.
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on craving in patients with alcohol dependence
Authors: Rao N. Nageswara , Keerthi Paradesi Ramya , Kiran P. Ravi , Durganjali B. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Craving can play a critical role in the development and maintenance of alcohol dependence, and has been implicated in relapse, and is currently one of the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is the application of a weak electrical current (1–2 mA) to the scalp to modulate the activity of neurons in the brain. It is the need of the hour to know about the effect of tDCS on craving in patients with alcohol dependence.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of tDCS on craving in patients with alcohol dependence.

Subjects and Methods:
Thirty patients who attended the outpatient department at the Department of Psychiatry, S. V. Medical College, Tirupati, and diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of alcohol dependence syndrome according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision were selected. These patients were administered a semi-structured pro forma, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), and Alcohol Craving Questionnaire-Short Form-Revised (ACQ-SF-R). Fifteen patients were given six sessions of sham-tDCS at 0.5 mA for 20 min each session, while the other 15 patients were given six sessions of tDCS at 2 mA for 20 min each session. After this, the PACS and ACQ-SF-R scales were readministered.

Results:
The mean period of abstinence from alcohol among cases was 1.007 ± 1.769y, while among controls was 0.400 ± 0.633y. On applying chi 2 test P value is 0.221, Hence it is insignificant. The mean pack-years among cases was 2.980 ± 6.114, while among controls was 1.270 ± 3.254. The mean alcohol consumption among cases was 6.540 ± 4.047 standard drinks, while that of controls was 7.531 ± 4.889 standard drinks. The mean compulsivity score among cases before tDCS was 5.32 ± 1.699 and after tDCS was 1.19 ± 0.698; the mean compulsivity score among controls before tDCS was 5.13 ± 1.473 and after tDCS was 1.36 ± 0.792. The P value for compulsivity score between cases and controls was >0.05 both before and after tDCS.

Conclusion:
tDCS was well tolerated with no significant adverse events. Thus, tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is a promising adjunctive clinical tool that could be used to reduce alcohol craving and facilitate alcoholism cessation.
A cross-sectional study of emotional and behavioral development associated with screen time in children
Authors: Prabhakar Manasa , Prasad Hrishikesh Giri , Reddy Rama Subba 
Published: June 2023

Background:
With conflicting information regarding the impact of screen time (ST) on psychological well-being, there has been an increase in concern in recent years about the amount of time spent using any screen and an absolute dearth of Indian studies in this regard.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine if there is any association between varying amounts of ST and behavioral, emotional, and social problems in children.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study on 120 children attending a government pediatric hospital was done using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and their ST. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results:
An increase in total ST was associated with an increased score on externalizing behavior and conduct problem scale. Except for one item each on the emotional problem scale and hyperactivity scale, the rest had no significant association with ST. No significant association was found between ST and the prosocial scale or peer problem scale.

Conclusions:
The study found a negative impact of increased ST on conduct problems, hyperactivity, an increase in somatic complaints by children, and externalizing behavior. To address such issues, parents should be vigilant about the exposure time on screen in children and the content viewed by them.
Problematika periferně implantovaných centrálních katétrů u dětí- PICC
Authors: Šimánková Petra , Křáková Lucie 
Published: June 2023

Intravenózní přístupy jsou významným kritickým faktorem v procesu ošetřovatelské péče o dětské pacienty. PICC jsou v rámci jednotek intenzivní péče hojně využívány k přístupu k centrálnímu žilnímu systému, nicméně postupy a standardy praxe kolem zavádění PICC a následné péče se liší. Tento přehledový článek mapuje praktické postupy dostupné v současné literatuře a je napsán s edukačním záměrem pro zdravotníky pečující o děti se zavedeným PICC katetrem. Článek zahrnuje indikace a kontraindikace zavádění PICC katetru u dětí, techniku zavádění, komplikace spojené se zaváděním i zavedeným katetrem (PICC). Zaobírá se charakteristikou ošetřovatelské péče o invazivní PICC katetr. Implementací aktuálních postupů do vysoce profesionální péče o katétry se výrazně zvýší bezpečnost pacienta a sníží počet komplikací.
Identification of Gender Based Discriminations in the Post-Colonial Novels of the Representative Indian English Novelists
Authors: Walia Gurdeep Singh 
Published: June 2023

The idea of gender based inequalities implies that in India, a gap in health, education, economy and political participation occurs between men and women. In India, gender based discrimination is a part and parcel of people’s life. Perhaps, due to this reason, The Global Gender Gap Report of 2013 ranks India high, on the inequality indices. Women have equal rights under the law to own property and receive equal inheritance rights, but in practice, women are at a disadvantage. However, this research paper aims to explore the issue with reference to the chronology of the Indian English Novels, authored by the Indian writers, who preferred English language as the medium of their literary creation. This paper tends to identify the gender based discriminations and their manner of execution in the novels of the prominent novelists of the post-independence era, from mid twentieth century to the present times. The most important reason to consider the post-independent Indian English novelists is that the case studies related to the issues began to intensify after the few decades of the independence. Recently, in the literary, social and electronic media realms the issues, like subjugation and exploitation of women are being openly discussed. Moreover, the present book too has given the place to these gender based issues among the other titles. Though, due to spatial constraints it was not possible to discuss all the writers, but the novels of the prominent Indian English novelist of international repute have been included in this paper.
Measuring NPA Levels and Its Impact on Profitability: A Study of HDFC and ICICI Banks
Authors: Shrey Bhupatkar Shrey Bhupatkar , Ransariya Shailesh N. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: this study attempts to analyse the situations of NPA levels and its impact on Profitability of HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank.
Approach/Methodology/Design: As the suggested title, data of two banks HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank with aspect of NPA has been taken for the years of 2018 to 2022. The research is secondary in nature and the data collection is done by way of annual reports and the independent samples t-test is applied for the study.
Findings: The Gross NPA levels and Net NPA levels have shown significant difference. This suggests the NPA levels of both banks are unequal. The return on assets were also found significantly different in both the banks.
Practical Implications: This study focuses on aspect of efficiency of private sector banks in accordance with NPA levels. The NPA levels and management of NPA is found to be more effective in tackling NPA situations but the comparative study of NPA will reflect the situations of NPA in private sector banks as well.
Organizational Review Systems and Sustainability of Community Development Projects; A Case Study of Hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Bukebuke Genia , Asatsa Stephen , Gesami Rachael 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: There has been a long debate on the relationship between organizational review systems and sustainability of community development projects. This study focused on organizational review systems and sustainability of community development projects; a case study of hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study specifically assessed the effects of assessment meetings, multi-stakeholder dialogue workshops and review sessions on community development hospitals projects’ sustainability in Nairobi County. The study was anchored on theory of Change and Freirean Theory of Dialogue and Society.
Methodology: The study employed descriptive survey design which combined both quantitative and qualitative methods. The target population of this study was 3600 respondents. Yamane (1967) formula was applied to sampled 360 respondents consisting of 15 Project Steering Committee (PSC) Members, 15 Project Coordinators and 15 Heads of Departments in charge of health projects from 8 hospitals in Nairobi County. Construct and content validity of the instruments was ascertained through counterchecking by the supervisors while the reliability of the instruments was ascertained through test retests method. Quantitative data was analyzed and presented in frequency distribution tables, pie charts and bar graphs (SPSS version 25). Qualitative data was analyzed thematically according to each research questions and presented in a narrative form.
Findings: Findings revealed that assessment meetings in community development hospitals projects in Nairobi County gives the foundation on effective measures both substantive and operation to improve the project design, manner of implementation and quality of results for the sustainability of community development hospitals projects. Multi-stakeholder dialogue workshops were found to be assisting in the perfection of practices and provide a platform for liability so as to ascertain whether the objectives have been achieved for the sustainability of the community development projects. Review sessions assists influence project sustainability in that it ensures that project results at the levels of impact, outcome, output, process along with input can be quantified so as to offer a framework for accountability and in assisting in making informed decision at program and policy levels.
Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: This study recommended that there is need for managers of community development hospitals projects in Nairobi County to establish multi-stakeholder dialogue workshops roles at a departmental level in order to strengthen the consistency of project management across the various community projects. This will improve the project development.
Perencanaan Karier Mahasiswa Bimbingan Konseling Islam
Authors: Ahmad Faqih Asy'ari  
Published: June 2023

Perencanaan karier dianggap sebagai salah satu bidang perhatian utama bagi mahasiswa mendekati kelulusannya. Proses tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengorientasikan ke mana arah karier masa depan dan apa yang harus dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan karier yang di inginkan. Akan tetapi fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak mahasiswa yang masih memiliki keraguan dalam menetapkan tujuan karier nantinya. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa belum memiliki kematangan karier yang seharusnya sudah dimiliki dalam tahap perkembangannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subyek penelitian yang digunakan berjumlah 3 mahasiswa yang memiliki permasalahan keraguan dalam karier yang ingin ditekuni. Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian memunculkan 3 tema utama penelitian yang meliputi langkah penilaian diri, mengeksplorasi peluang karier dan membuat keputusan mengenai tujuan karier yang di inginkan. Gambaran perencanaan karier yang telah dilakukan mahasiswa sudah cukup baik, akan tetapi terdapat beberapa permasalahan dalam proses penetapan tujuan karier yang dipengaruhi dari faktor internal dan eksternal mahasiswa.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Lok-R (Literasi, Orientasi, Kolaborasim Dan Refleksi) Dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Membaca (Maharah Qiraah) Pada Bacaan Teks Berbahasa Arab
Authors: Misbahul Jannah  , Muassomah  , Rauzatul Jannah  , Fadilah Al Azmi  
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah penerapan model pembelajaran Lok-R dalam meningkatkan literasi membaca (Maharah Qiraah) dan menganalisis persepsi mahasiswa tentang penerapan model pembelajaran Lok-R dalam meningkatkan literasi membaca (Maharah Qiraah). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan dokumentasi dan angket/ kuesioner. Setelah data dikumpulkan dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif dengan cara: 1) Pengumpulan data, 2) reduksi data, 3) penyajian data, 4) penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan langkah-langkah dalam penerapan model pembelajaran Lok-R dalam meningkatkan literasi membaca (Maharah Qiraah) sebagai berikut: a). tema pembelajaran, b). m pembagian teks dan pertanyaan, c). diskusi d). refleksi dan para mahasiswa merespon bahwasanya penerapan model pembelajaran lok-r dalam meningkatkan literasi membaca (Maharah Qiraah) terdapat 3 kategori respon, yaitu; Efektif, Menyenangkan serta melatih, dan memudahkan.