bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unitary dependence theory for characterizing quantum circuits and states
Authors: Hu Zixuan , Kais Sabre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost existing quantum algorithms are discovered accidentally or adapted from classical algorithms, and there is the need for a systematic theory to understand and design quantum circuits. Here we develop a unitary dependence theory to characterize the behaviors of quantum circuits and states in terms of how quantum gates manipulate qubits and determine their measurement probabilities. Compared to the conventional entanglement description of quantum circuits and states, the unitary dependence picture offers more practical information on the measurement and manipulation of qubits, easier generalization to many-qubit systems, and better robustness upon partitioning of the system. The unitary dependence theory can be applied to systematically understand existing quantum circuits and design new quantum algorithms.
Large-scale correlation network construction for unraveling the coordination of complex biological systems
Authors: Becker Martin , Nassar Huda , Espinosa Camilo , Stelzer Ina A. , Feyaerts Dorien , Berson Eloise , Bidoki Neda H. , Chang Alan L. , Saarunya Geetha , Culos Anthony , De Francesco Davide , Fallahzadeh Ramin , Liu Qun , Kim Yeasul , Marić Ivana , Mataraso Samson J. , Payrovnaziri Seyedeh Neelufar , Phongpreecha Thanaphong , Ravindra Neal G. , Stanley Natalie , Shome Sayane , Tan Yuqi , Thuraiappah Melan , Xenochristou Maria , Xue Lei , Shaw Gary , Stevenson David , Angst Martin S. , Gaudilliere Brice , Aghaeepour Nima 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdvanced measurement and data storage technologies have enabled high-dimensional profiling of complex biological systems. For this, modern multiomics studies regularly produce datasets with hundreds of thousands of measurements per sample, enabling a new era of precision medicine. Correlation analysis is an important first step to gain deeper insights into the coordination and underlying processes of such complex systems. However, the construction of large correlation networks in modern high-dimensional datasets remains a major computational challenge owing to rapidly growing runtime and memory requirements. Here we address this challenge by introducing CorALS (Correlation Analysis of Large-scale (biological) Systems), an open-source framework for the construction and analysis of large-scale parametric as well as non-parametric correlation networks for high-dimensional biological data. It features off-the-shelf algorithms suitable for both personal and high-performance computers, enabling workflows and downstream analysis approaches. We illustrate the broad scope and potential of CorALS by exploring perspectives on complex biological processes in large-scale multiomics and single-cell studies.
B2C3NetF2: Breast cancer classification using an end‐to‐end deep learning feature fusion and satin bowerbird optimization controlled Newton Raphson feature selection
Authors: Fatima Mamuna , Khan Muhammad Attique , Shaheen Saima , Almujally Nouf Abdullah , Wang Shui‐Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrently, the improvement in AI is mainly related to deep learning techniques that are employed for the classification, identification, and quantification of patterns in clinical images. The deep learning models show more remarkable performance than the traditional methods for medical image processing tasks, such as skin cancer, colorectal cancer, brain tumour, cardiac disease, Breast cancer (BrC), and a few more. The manual diagnosis of medical issues always requires an expert and is also expensive. Therefore, developing some computer diagnosis techniques based on deep learning is essential. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females with a rapidly growing percentage. It is estimated that patients with BrC will rise to 70% in the next 20 years. If diagnosed at a later stage, the survival rate of patients with BrC is shallow. Hence, early detection is essential, increasing the survival rate to 50%. A new framework for BrC classification is presented that utilises deep learning and feature optimization. The significant steps of the presented framework include (i) hybrid contrast enhancement of acquired images, (ii) data augmentation to facilitate better learning of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, (iii) a pre‐trained ResNet‐101 model is utilised and modified according to selected dataset classes, (iv) deep transfer learning based model training for feature extraction, (v) the fusion of features using the proposed highly corrected function‐controlled canonical correlation analysis approach, and (vi) optimal feature selection using the modified Satin Bowerbird Optimization controlled Newton Raphson algorithm that finally classified using 10 machine learning classifiers. The experiments of the proposed framework have been carried out using the most critical and publicly available dataset, such as CBIS‐DDSM, and obtained the best accuracy of 94.5% along with improved computation time. The comparison depicts that the presented method surpasses the current state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Logic adaptive optimization model for dynamic temperature compensation of heating furnace based on proportion‐integral‐derivative position algorithm
Authors: Tong Xin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to improve the adaptive compensation control ability of the furnace dynamic temperature compensation logic, an adaptive optimal control model of the furnace dynamic temperature compensation logic based on proportion‐integral‐derivative (PID) position algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the constraint index model of the dynamic compensation logic control of the heating furnace temperature is constructed, and the target structure analysis of the electric heating furnace temperature control is realized by using the PID control mode. The platinum resistor is used to collect the temperature in the feedback link, and the controlled equipment converts electrical energy into heat energy for release. As the temperature rises, the difference between the two is sent to the fuzzy controller. The model fuzzy controller outputs an analog value, and the PID control system outputs different control parameters, thus realizing the parameter analysis and optimization design of the control law of the heating furnace temperature dynamic compensation logic control. The test results show that the method has good accuracy, with an error of 0.01 to 0.02, and has certain application value.
Surface brightness discontinuities in radio halos
Authors: Botteon Andrea , Markevitch Maxim , van Weeren Reinout J. , Brunetti Gianfranco , Shimwell Timothy W. 
Published: April 2023

Context. Dynamical motions in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) can imprint distinctive features on X-ray images that map the thermal bremsstrahlung emission from galaxy clusters, such as sharp surface brightness discontinuities due to shocks and cold fronts. The gas dynamics during cluster mergers may also drive large-scale turbulence in the ICM, which in turn generates extended (megaparsec-scale) synchrontron sources known as radio halos.
Aims. Surface brightness edges have been found numerous times in the thermal gas of clusters based on X-ray observations. In contrast, edges in radio halos have only been observed in a handful of cases. Our goal is to search for new radio surface brightness discontinuities in the ICM.
Methods. We inspected the images of the Bullet Cluster and the other 25 radio halos reported in the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey. To aid the identification of surface brightness discontinuities, we applied a gradient-filtering edge-detection method to the radio images.
Results. We find that the adopted filtering technique is helpful in identifying surface brightness edges in radio images, allowing us to identify at least one gradient in half of the radio halos studied. For the Bullet Cluster, we find excellent agreement between the locations of the four radio discontinuities detected and the X-ray edges. This similarity informs us that there is substantial interplay between thermal and nonthermal components in galaxy clusters. This interplay is likely due to the frozen-in ICM magnetic field, which mediates the advection of cosmic rays while being dragged by thermal gas flows.
Conclusions. We conclude that radio halos are shaped by dynamical motions in the ICM and that they often display surface brightness discontinuities, which appear to be co-located with edges in the thermal gas emission. Our results demonstrate that new and future generations of radio telescopes will provide an approach to efficiently detecting shocks and cold fronts in the ICM that is complementary to X-rays.
Switchable optics based on guided mode resonance in lithographically patterned vanadium dioxide with integrated heating layer
Authors: Walther Markus , Siefke Thomas , Gerold Kristin , Zeitner Uwe D. 
Published: April 2023

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has promising applications in smart windows and active micro-optical devices due to its thermochromic properties. However, the successful fabrication and patterning of VO2 thin films with the correct stoichiometry and phase are challenging. In this study, we investigated lithographically patterned and non-patterned VO2 thin films fabricated by reactive ion beam deposition, using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission and reflection measurements. The results show that the refractive index and extinction coefficient exhibit significant changes for near-infrared wavelengths when heated above 68 °C, confirming its thermochromic properties. The Raman spectroscopy results indicate the formation of the monoclinic phase VO2(M) after annealing, which was not changed by reactive ion etching. Lithographically structured VO2-layers were successfully realized demonstrating the potential of VO2 as a material for active micro-optical devices, such as guided mode resonance filters with switchable reflectance. The results suggest that VO2 has great potential as a promising material for actively switched optical elements and micro-optical devices.
Facilitators and Challenges in Patient's Satisfaction with Quality of Cervical Cancer Care in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry, India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yadav Shikha , Jayaseelan Venkatachalam , Pandjatcharam Jagadesan , Roy Gautam , Susindran Balaji , Ravel Vanessa 
Published: April 2023

Background Chronic diseases require more attention in terms of patient satisfaction due to their physically and mentally exhausting nature. Cancer burden in India for 2021 was 26.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and is projected to rise to 29.8 million by 2025. The second most common cause of cancer DALYs among females was cervix uteri (98.6 per 100,000). Evaluation of factors that influence satisfaction can assist in finding solutions to improve the quality of services provided.
Methods This study was conducted in the Regional Cancer Centre, Puducherry. One focused group discussion (FGD) was conducted among seven cervical cancer patients and eight key informant interviews (KII) with their healthcare providers (HCPs). The details collected included perceptions of patient satisfaction, difficulties they faced in achieving patient satisfaction, and possible recommendations for improvement. Thematic analysis was done after preparing transcripts.
Results The major facilitating factors reported were proper information exchange, the approachability of staff, and assisting patients with transportation concession certificates. Obstacles highlighted by patients included lack of family support, side effects of treatment, inability to do routine work, and long travel time. HCP reported misalignment between and within departments, overworked staff, lack of equipment for smooth telemedicine services, and inadequate space for OPD, counseling, and waiting as barriers to providing satisfactory services to patients.
Conclusions Most challenges were attributed to overworked staff, inequitable distribution of cancer center, and patients' knowledge and understanding of disease. Therefore, it is important to make patients aware of the disease, treatment, and value of the quality of life. It can enable them to make better use of resources, in addition to improvements in the health system.
Biomechanics of Proximal Hamate Autograft in Scaphoid Nonunion
Authors: Vu Catphuong L. , Telfer Scott , Huang Jerry I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose Treatment of proximal scaphoid fractures remains a challenge with a risk of nonunions and avascular necrosis due to its retrograde blood supply. The ipsilateral proximal hamate has been described as a viable autograft option for osteochondral reconstruction of the proximal scaphoid. Our study evaluated the changes in the contact area and pressure of the radioscaphoid joint after proximal hamate autograft reconstruction.
Methods Thin sensors (Tekscan Inc., Boston, MA) were placed in the radiocarpal joints of six fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms. Each specimen's tendons were loaded to 150 N in neutral, 45-degree flexion/extension positions through five cycles. Through a dorsal wrist approach, the proximal 10 mm of the scaphoid and hamate was excised. The proximal hamate autograft was affixed to the scaphoid with K-wires. Peak contact pressures and areas at the scaphoid facet were determined and averaged across loading cycles.
Results At the radioscaphoid facet, peak contact pressures were equivalent, although an increasing trend in the neutral and extended wrist position was seen. At the radiolunate facet, contact pressure had an increasing trend in the hamate reconstructed wrists in all wrist positions. Contact areas had a decreasing trend and were nonequivalent at the radioscaphoid facet in the hamate reconstructed wrist.
Conclusion After hamate autograft, the contact areas were not equivalent between the native and reconstructed wrists but contact pressures were equivalent in the facets. The proximal hamate has a more pointed morphology compared with the proximal scaphoid, which would explain the change in contact area in the hamate autografted wrist. Our study suggests hamate autograft may present a viable reconstruction for the proximal pole of the scaphoid without significantly altering peak contact pressures at the radioscaphoid facet.
Scaphoid Nonunions Treated with Nonvascularized Bone Grafting and Screw Fixation
Authors: Zondervan Robert L. , Childe Jessica R. , Kustasz Robin , Hornbach Erich E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Vascularized bone grafting with screw fixation is currently considered the treatment of choice for scaphoid nonunions with avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal pole. A viable alternative to using vascularized bone grafts for scaphoid nonunions with AVN is nonvascularized bone grafting with screw fixation.
Question What are the functional outcomes of patients with scaphoid nonunions and associated proximal pole AVN who are treated with nonvascularized distal radius bone grafting and screw fixation?
Patients and Methods Eight scaphoid nonunions with AVN, which received nonvascularized distal radius bone graft and screw fixation, underwent a retrospective review. Range of motion, strength, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores were obtained. Follow-up X-rays were compared with immediate postoperative X-rays.
Results At a mean follow-up of 88.9 months, thumb palmar abduction and radial abduction were significantly higher on the operative side (p = 0.28 and 0.49, respectively). Extension/flexion arc was significantly lower in the operative wrist (p = 0.148). There was no significant difference between the operative and nonoperative sides with regard to strength. The median postoperative DASH score was 2.9 (interquartile range [IQR]: 8.3). There was no progression of osteoarthritis when immediate postoperative and follow-up X-rays were compared. Radiographic union was observed in six of the seven (85.7%) patients who were able to return to the office for follow-up radiographs. The mean scapholunate and radioscaphoid angles measured on X-rays were within normal anatomic range postoperatively.
Conclusions Using nonvascularized distal radius bone graft and screw fixation in the treatment of scaphoid nonunions with associated AVN has favorable radiologic and functional outcomes and should be considered a viable treatment option for this difficult problem.
Heterogeneous mechanisms of urban land price in China: a perspective of natural restrictions and strategic supply
Authors: Yuan Feng , Xiao Weiye , Wei Yehua Dennis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnalyzing how the underlying mechanism influences land value changes is essential to understanding the land market, which contributes to sustainable urbanization. Drawing upon a land transaction dataset, we analyze the determinants of urban land prices from 2008 to 2020, considering land supply and demands, with particular attention to natural restrictions and government interventions in China. The statistical analysis suggests that the inequality in industrial and commercial land prices rose from 2008 to 2015 and decreased after 2015. The inequality in residential land prices has kept rising from 2008 to 2020 because land finance is still essential to local government. Discriminatory price strategy for industrial land prices in eastern China is getting more popular. The regression models reveal the significant negative impact of natural restrictions on land price, and such impact from natural restrictions is decreasing after 2015. The market forces represented by city-level socioeconomic factors are becoming more important after 2015, indicating a more free land market in China. We also find the gaps between cities and counties in land prices are closing, which might benefit the recent development in rural and county region of China. These findings provide important insights into the transition in the land market in China from 2008 to 2020, which also contribute to a better understanding of the spatial inequality in the land market and the heterogeneity in different land-use types.
New applications for the world’s smallest high-precision capacitance dilatometer and its stress-implementing counterpart
Authors: Küchler R. , Wawrzyńczak R. , Dawczak-Dębicki H. , Gooth J. , Galeski S. 
Published: April 2023

We introduce a new stress dilatometer with exactly the same size and mass as the world’s smallest miniature capacitance dilatometer (height × width × depth = 15 × 14 × 15 mm3, mass: 12 g). To develop this new device, only a single part of the most recently developed mini-dilatometer, the so-called “body,” needs to be replaced. Therefore, the new mini-dilatometer with an interchangeable body can be used for high-resolution measurements of thermal expansion and magnetostriction with and without large stress. We also report two novel applications of both mini-dilatometer cell types. Our new setup was installed for the first time in a cryogen-free system (PPMS DynaCool). The first new setup allows the rotation of both dilatometers in situ at any angle between −90° ≥ μ ≥ +90° in the temperature range from 320 to 1.8 K. We also installed our mini-cells in a dilution refrigerator insert of a PPMS DynaCool, in which dilatometric measurements are now possible in the temperature range from 4 to 0.06 K. Because of the limited sample space, such measurements could not be performed so far. For both new applications, we can resolve the impressive length changes to 0.01 Å.
He who laughs last laughs the loudest: the 2021 donchi-kubeba (don’t tell) elections in Zambia
Authors: Musonda James 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTMost Africanist scholars stress the importance of clientelism in determining electoral outcomes and patrimonialism and the use of force in enabling ruling parties to prolong their stay in power. This article, which draws upon various instances of participant observation and interviews regarding the 2021 elections in Zambia, contributes to the few studies that emphasise the limits of clientelism and patrimonialism in African politics and the agency of voters or subordinate groups to hold their leaders accountable. It does so by showing how Zambian voters sought to secure benefits from clientelist campaigns, patrimonial rule and trade union campaigns to win changes in state policies, publicly promising reciprocity and loyalty when under the gaze of the ruling party actors, only to vote them out of power.
Dain’s invariant for black hole initial data
Authors: Sansom R , Kroon J A Valiente 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dynamical black holes in the non-perturbative regime are not mathematically well understood. Studying approximate symmetries of spacetimes describing dynamical black holes gives an insight into their structure. Utilising the property that approximate symmetries coincide with actual symmetries when they are present allows one to construct geometric invariants characterising the symmetry. In this paper, we extend Dain’s construction of geometric invariants characterising stationarity to the case of initial data sets for the Einstein equations corresponding to black hole spacetimes. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a boundary value problem showing that one can always find approximate Killing vectors in black hole spacetimes and these coincide with actual Killing vectors when they are present. In the time-symmetric setting we make use of a 2 + 1 decomposition to construct a geometric invariant on a marginally outer trapped surface that vanishes if and only if the Killing initial data equations are locally satisfied.
Optical manipulation and conversion in whispering gallery mode resonators with pump depletion
Authors: Guo Liu , Yan Cong-Hua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, we study optical manipulation and conversion in the high-power regime, and thus the unavoidable intrinsic coupling between the pump light and the signal light, i.e. pump depletion, needs to be included. Compared with the transmission properties that are insensitive to the power of the signal light in the low-power regime with pump non-depletion, our results in the high-power regime with pump depletion show that the resonant transmission coefficients of the

χ

(
2
)

nonlinearity can be manipulated from 0 to non-zero by adjusting the intensities of the signal light, and thus it behaves as an intensity-dependent all-optical switch. Although the resonant conversion efficiencies from four-wave mixing of the

χ

(
3
)

nonlinearity are generally suppressed by power-dependent frequency shifts as a result of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) in the high-pump regime, the conversion efficiencies can be amplified by tuning the frequency detuning of the signal and pump lights. The optical transmission coefficients and conversion efficiencies can also be enhanced by utilizing the interplay between

χ

(
2
)

and

χ

(
3
)

nonlinearities in the high-pump regime. The mechanism of enhancing the conversion efficiencies to overcome the suppression from SPM and XPM provides a new way to convert frequency with high efficiencies.