bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin therapy and blood glucose management in critically ill patients: a 1-day cross-sectional observational study in 69 French intensive care units
Authors: Desgrouas Maxime , Demiselle Julien , Stiel Laure , Brunot Vincent , Marnai Rémy , Sarfati Sacha , Fiancette Maud , Lambiotte Fabien , Thille Arnaud W. , Leloup Maxime , Clerc Sébastien , Beuret Pascal , Bourion Anne-Astrid , Daum Johan , Malhomme Rémi , Ravan Ramin , Sauneuf Bertrand , Rigaud Jean-Philippe , Dequin Pierre-François , Boulain Thierry 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Hyperglycaemia is common in critically ill patients, but blood glucose and insulin management may differ widely among intensive care units (ICUs). We aimed to describe insulin use practices and the resulting glycaemic control in French ICUs. We conducted a multicentre 1-day observational study on November 23, 2021, in 69 French ICUs. Adult patients hospitalized for an acute organ failure, severe infection or post-operative care were included. Data were recorded from midnight to 11:59 p.m. the day of the study by 4-h periods.

Results
Two ICUs declared to have no insulin protocol. There was a wide disparity in blood glucose targets between ICUs with 35 different target ranges recorded. In 893 included patients we collected 4823 blood glucose values whose distribution varied significantly across ICUs (P < 0.0001). We observed 1135 hyperglycaemias (> 1.8 g/L) in 402 (45.0%) patients, 35 hypoglycaemias (≤ 0.7 g/L) in 26 (2.9%) patients, and one instance of severe hypoglycaemia (≤ 0.4 g/L). Four hundred eight (45.7%) patients received either IV insulin (255 [62.5%]), subcutaneous (SC) insulin (126 [30.9%]), or both (27 [6.6%]). Among patients under protocolized intravenous (IV) insulin, 767/1681 (45.6%) of glycaemias were above the target range. Among patients receiving insulin, short- and long-acting SC insulin use were associated with higher counts of hyperglycaemias as assessed by multivariable negative binomial regression adjusted for the propensity to receive SC insulin: incidence rate ratio of 3.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.97–4.00) (P < 0.0001) and 3.58 (95% CI 2.84–4.52) (P < 0.0001), respectively.

Conclusions
Practices regarding blood glucose management varied widely among French ICUs. Administration of short or long-acting SC insulin was not unusual and associated with more frequent hyperglycaemia. The protocolized insulin algorithms used failed to prevent hyperglycaemic events.

Graphical Abstract
Dynamic rate and channel use allocation for cooperative wireless networks
Authors: Al Khansa Ali , Cerovic Stefan , Visoz Raphael , Hayel Yezekael , Lasaulce Samson 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the performance of link adaptation (LA) algorithms for cooperative multiple access multiple relay networks. In the first transmission phase, the sources transmit in turn in consecutive time slots. In the second cooperative retransmission phase, the destination schedules one relaying node to send redundancies. LA is a fundamental mechanism allowing the source nodes to adapt to the radio channel conditions. In this paper, we investigate the problem of rate allocation using a centralized method, where the destination is the central node that determines the source rates. Furthermore, and in sharp contrast with existing cooperative transmission schemes, we consider the packet size to be time-varying. In other words, we propose adapting the slot duration of each of the sources during the transmission phase as a new degree of freedom. Accordingly, the LA process determines the rate and the time slot duration of each source. We consider a practical performance metric namely, the network spectral efficiency. This metric being difficult to be optimized (given the complex multi-variable optimization problem), we propose best-response dynamic (BRD) algorithms to solve the rate and time duration allocation. Then, we conduct a thorough performance analysis using Monte-Carlo simulations. Our numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed BRD algorithms as they yield performance close to the corresponding exhaustive search approach. Furthermore, the results ensure the gain of exploiting the new degree of freedom of the variable slot duration.
Fast DRL-based scheduler configuration tuning for reducing tail latency in edge-cloud jobs
Authors: Wen Shilin , Han Rui , Liu Chi Harold , Chen Lydia Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEdge-cloud applications are rapidly prevailing in recent years and pose the challenge of using both resource-strenuous edge devices and elastic cloud resources under dynamic workloads. Efficient resource allocation on edge-cloud jobs via cluster schedulers (e.g. Kubernetes/Volcano scheduler) is essential to guarantee their performance, e.g. tail latency, and such allocation is sensitive to scheduler configurations such as applied scheduling algorithms and task restart/discard policy. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is increasingly applied to optimize scheduling decisions. However, DRL faces the conundrum of achieving high rewards at a dauntingly long training time (e.g. hours or days), making it difficult to tune the scheduler configurations online in accordance to dynamically changing edge-cloud workloads and resources. For such an issue, this paper proposes EdgeTuner, a fast scheduler configuration tuning approach that efficiently leverages DRL to reduce tail latency of edge-cloud jobs. The enabling feature of EdgeTuner is to effectively simulate the execution of edge-cloud jobs under different scheduler configurations and thus quickly estimate these configurations’ influence on job performance. The simulation results allow EdgeTuner to timely train a DRL agent in order to properly tune scheduler configurations in dynamic edge-cloud environment. We implement EdgeTuner in both Kubernetes and Volcano schedulers and extensively evaluate it on real workloads driven by Alibaba production traces. Our results show that EdgeTuner outperforms prevailing scheduling algorithms by achieving much lower tail latency while accelerating DRL training speed by an average of 151.63x.
CRISPR arrays as high-resolution markers to track microbial transmission during influenza infection
Authors: Zhang Lingdi , Rahman Jahan , Chung Matthew , Lashua Lauren , Gordon Aubree , Balmaseda Angel , Kuan Guillermina , Bonneau Richard , Ghedin Elodie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Disruption of the microbial community in the respiratory tract due to infections, like influenza, could impact transmission of bacterial pathogens. Using samples from a household study, we determined whether metagenomic-type analyses of the microbiome provide the resolution necessary to track transmission of airway bacteria. Microbiome studies have shown that the microbial community across various body sites tends to be more similar between individuals who cohabit in the same household than between individuals from different households. We tested whether there was increased sharing of bacteria from the airways within households with influenza infections as compared to control households with no influenza.

Results
We obtained 221 respiratory samples that were collected from 54 individuals at 4 to 5 time points across 10 households, with and without influenza infection, in Managua, Nicaragua. From these samples, we generated metagenomic (whole genome shotgun sequencing) datasets to profile microbial taxonomy. Overall, specific bacteria and phages were differentially abundant between influenza positive households and control (no influenza infection) households, with bacteria like Rothia, and phages like Staphylococcus P68virus that were significantly enriched in the influenza-positive households. We identified CRISPR spacers detected in the metagenomic sequence reads and used these to track bacteria transmission within and across households. We observed a clear sharing of bacterial commensals and pathobionts, such as Rothia, Neisseria, and Prevotella, within and between households. However, due to the relatively small number of households in our study, we could not determine if there was a correlation between increased bacterial transmission and influenza infection.

Conclusion
We observed that airway microbial composition differences across households were associated with what appeared to be different susceptibility to influenza infection. We also demonstrate that CRISPR spacers from the whole microbial community can be used as markers to study bacterial transmission between individuals. Although additional evidence is needed to study transmission of specific bacterial strains, we observed sharing of respiratory commensals and pathobionts within and across households.
Comprehensive genetic screening of early-onset dementia patients in an Austrian cohort-suggesting new disease-contributing genes
Authors: Silvaieh Sara , König Theresa , Wurm Raphael , Parvizi Tandis , Berger-Sieczkowski Evelyn , Goeschl Stella , Hotzy Christoph , Wagner Matias , Berutti Riccardo , Sammler Esther , Stögmann Elisabeth , Zimprich Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarly-onset dementia (EOD), with symptom onset before age 65, has a strong genetic burden. Due to genetic and clinical overlaps between different types of dementia, whole-exome sequencing (WES) has emerged as an appropriate screening method for diagnostic testing and novel gene-finding approaches. We performed WES and C9orf72 repeat testing in 60 well-defined Austrian EOD patients. Seven patients (12%) carried likely disease-causing variants in monogenic genes, PSEN1, MAPT, APP, and GRN. Five patients (8%) were APOE4 homozygote carriers. Definite and possible risk variants were detected in the genes TREM2, SORL1, ABCA7 and TBK1. In an explorative approach, we cross-checked rare gene variants in our cohort with a curated neurodegeneration candidate gene list and identified DCTN1, MAPK8IP3, LRRK2, VPS13C and BACE1 as promising candidate genes. Conclusively, 12 cases (20%) carried variants relevant to patient counseling, comparable to previously reported studies, and can thus be considered genetically resolved. Reduced penetrance, oligogenic inheritance and not yet identified high-risk genes might explain the high number of unresolved cases. To address this issue, we provide complete genetic and phenotypic information (uploaded to the European Genome-phenome Archive), enabling other researchers to cross-check variants. Thereby, we hope to increase the chance of independently finding the same gene/variant-hit in other well-defined EOD patient cohorts, thus confirming new genetic risk variants or variant combinations.
Biomarkers as targets for CAR-T/NK cell therapy in AML
Authors: Shao Ruonan , Li Zijian , Xin Honglei , Jiang Suyu , Zhu Yilin , Liu Jingan , Huang Rong , Xu Kailin , Shi Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe most common kind of acute leukemia in adults is acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is often treated with induction chemotherapy regimens followed by consolidation or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, some patients continue to develop relapsed or refractory AML (R/R-AML). Small molecular targeted drugs require long-time administration. Not all the patients hold molecular targets. Novel medicines are therefore needed to enhance treatment outcomes. T cells and natural killer (NK) cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target antigens associated with AML have recently been produced and are currently being tested in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. This review provides an overview of CAR-T/NK treatments for AML.
Students’ and teachers’ perceptions of students’ academic outcomes in Slovenia: evidence from REDS data
Authors: Mirazchiyski Plamen V. , Klemenčič Mirazchiyski Eva 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic brought immense challenges to global society. The entire social and work life had to be reorganized to accommodate for the restrictions imposed to limit the spread of COVID-19. These restrictions affected the eduFIGation worldwide as well. Face-to-face education was disrupted and alternatives had to be found. One of the questions raised with the disruption was the student outcomes in the times when the usual teaching and learning was disrupted by the lockdowns and remote classes took place. There are not many studies on the topic in Slovenia but, more importantly, the existing ones do not use representative data to investigate the depth of the problem. The aim of this article is to fill this gap in research through comprehensive and in-depth analyses of the Slovenian student, school and teacher data from the international Responses to Educational Disruption Survey (REDS), conducted in 2020/2021. The data analysis involves descriptive and multivariate statistical methods appropriate for the mostly categorical data available from REDS. The results show that students’ perception on their learning and academic outcomes during the school disruptions depend on their background characteristics, i.e. the disruptions did not affect all students equally. These results are also supported by the findings from school principals’ and teachers’ data. In addition, the long-lasting issue of “grade inflation” in Slovenia has become even more severe, as shown by both student and teacher data. However, students and teachers are at contrasting opinions about student learning—while most of the students think they learned more at home during the disruptions and have shown more progress, teachers are of the opposite opinion. Furthermore, teachers tended to grade students’ academic outcomes higher during the disruptions which has increased the issue of “grade inflation” in Slovenia.
eBF: an enhanced Bloom Filter for intrusion detection in IoT
Authors: Gebretsadik Fitsum Gebreegziabher , Nayak Sabuzima , Patgiri Ripon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntrusion Detection is essential to identify malicious incidents and continuously alert many users of the Internet of Things (IoT). The constant monitoring of events generated from many devices connected to the IoT and the extensive analysis of every event based on predefined security policies consumes enormous resources. Accordingly, performance enhancement is a crucial concern of Intrusion Detection in IoT and other massive Big Data Applications to ensure a secure environment. Like many Big Data Applications, the Intrusion Detection system of the IoT needs to employ the fast membership filter, Bloom Filter, to quickly identify possible attacks. Bloom Filter is an admiringly fast and space-efficient data structure that quickly handles elements of extensive datasets in small memory space. However, the trade-off between the query performance, the number of hash functions, memory space, and false positive probability remains an issue of Bloom Filter. Thus, this article presents an enhanced Bloom Filter (eBF) that remarkably improves memory efficiency and introduces new techniques to accelerate the filtering of malicious URLs. We experimentally show the efficacy of eBF using a real Intrusion Detection dataset. The experimental result shows that the proposed filter is remarkably memory efficient, faster, and more accurate than the state-of-the-art filters. eBF requires 15.6x, 13x, and 8x less memory compared with Standard Bloom Filter, Cuckoo filter, and robustBF, respectively. Therefore, this new system significantly enhances the performance of Intrusion Detection of IoT that concurrently monitors several billion events crosschecking with the defined security policies.
Use of a laryngeal tube for sialolithotomy in a pediatric patient with left vocal cord paralysis: a case report
Authors: Fujii Masashi , Shime Nobuaki , Kawabata Yasuyo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The laryngeal tube (LT), a closed esophageal supraglottic device comprising pharyngeal and esophageal cuffs, is used for emergency airway management. However, it is not often used in intraoperative airway management.

Case presentation
A 9-year-old boy was scheduled for a sialolithotomy for sialolithiasis. He had a history of surgery for tetralogy of Fallot and had undergone vocal cord fusion for postoperative left-sided vocal cord paralysis. Following a strong request by the mother to avoid tracheal intubation to reduce the risk of bilateral vocal cord paralysis, management without intubation was initially considered in the preoperative anesthesia plan. Airway management was planned using an LT in case of ventilation failure due to positional abnormalities. Although some leakage was observed during intraoral surgery, it was quickly resolved by adjusting the position of the LT outside the sterile surgical field.

Conclusions
The LT may be a viable option in cases where tracheal intubation is not preferred.
Understanding the Genetics of Early-Onset Obesity in a Cohort of Children From Qatar
Authors: Mohammed Idris , Haris Basma , Al-Barazenji Tara , Vasudeva Dhanya , Tomei Sara , Al Azwani Iman , Dauleh Hajar , Shehzad Saira , Chirayath Shiga , Mohamadsalih Ghassan , Petrovski Goran , Khalifa Amel , Love Donald R , Al-Shafai Mashael , Hussain Khalid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
Monogenic obesity is a rare form of obesity due to pathogenic variants in genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin signaling pathway and accounts for around 5% of severe early-onset obesity. Mutations in the genes encoding the MC4R, leptin, and leptin receptor are commonly reported in various populations to cause monogenic obesity. Determining the genetic cause has important clinical benefits as novel therapeutic interventions are now available for some forms of monogenic obesity.

Objective
To unravel the genetic causes of early-onset obesity in the population of Qatar.

Methods
In total, 243 patients with early-onset obesity (above the 95% percentile) and age of onset below 10 years were screened for monogenic obesity variants using a targeted gene panel, consisting of 52 obesity-related genes.

Results
Thirty rare variants potentially associated with obesity were identified in 36 of 243 (14.8%) probands in 15 candidate genes (LEP, LEPR, POMC, MC3R, MC4R, MRAP2, SH2B1, BDNF, NTRK2, DYRK1B, SIM1, GNAS, ADCY3, RAI1, and BBS2). Twenty-three of the variants identified were novel to this study and the rest, 7 variants, were previously reported in literature. Variants in MC4R were the most common cause of obesity in our cohort (19%) and the c.485C&gt;T p.T162I variant was the most frequent MC4R variant seen in 5 patients.

Conclusion
We identified likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants that seem to explain the phenotype of around 14.8% of our cases. Variants in the MC4R gene are the commonest cause of early-onset obesity in our population. Our study represents the largest monogenic obesity cohort in the Middle East and revealed novel obesity variants in this understudied population. Functional studies will be required to elucidate the molecular mechanism of their pathogenicity.
Effects of 2-Year Physical Activity and Dietary Intervention on Adrenarchal and Pubertal Development: The PANIC Study
Authors: Liimatta Jani , Flück Christa E , Mäntyselkä Aino , Häkkinen Merja R , Auriola Seppo , Voutilainen Raimo , Jääskeläinen Jarmo , Lakka Timo A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
Childhood overweight has been linked to earlier development of adrenarche and puberty, but it remains unknown if lifestyle interventions influence sexual maturation in general populations.

Objective
To investigate if a 2-year lifestyle intervention influences circulating androgen concentrations and sexual maturation in a general population of children.

Methods
We conducted a 2-year physical activity and dietary intervention study in which 421 prepubertal and mostly normal-weight 6- to 9-year-old children were allocated either to a lifestyle intervention group (119 girls, 132 boys) or a control group (84 girls, 86 boys). The main outcome measures were serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione (A4), and testosterone concentrations, and clinical adrenarchal and pubertal signs.

Results
The intervention and control groups had no differences in body size and composition, clinical signs of androgen action, and serum androgens at baseline. The intervention attenuated the increase of DHEA (P = .032), DHEAS (P = .001), A4 (P = .003), and testosterone (P = .007) and delayed pubarche (P = .038) in boys but it only attenuated the increase of DHEA (P = .013) and DHEAS (P = .003) in girls. These effects of lifestyle intervention on androgens and the development of pubarche were independent of changes in body size and composition, but the effects of intervention on androgens were partly explained by changes in fasting serum insulin.

Conclusion
A combined physical activity and dietary intervention attenuates the increase of serum androgen concentrations and sexual maturation in a general population of prepubertal and mostly normal-weight children, independently of changes in body size and composition.
Morfometri Traktus Alimentarius Ikan Nila Merah ( Oreochromis niloticus ) yang Dipelihara dengan Aerasi dan Filter Berbeda
Authors: Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Yuliana Safira , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Sunarno Sunarno 
Published: June 2023

Traktus alimentarius merupakan saluran pencernaan yang digunakan dalam rangka penyederhanaan makanan melalui mekanisme fisik dan kimiawi. Peningkatan pertumbuhan organ cerna ini merupakan bentuk pengoptimalisasian fungsi fisiologis organ tubuh ikan berdasarkan pengendalian faktor lingkungan dengan pemberian aerasi dan filter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan aerasi, filter, serta kombinasi aerasi dan filter pada morfometri traktus alimentarius ikan nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian dilakukan selama 60 hari dengan proses awal aklimatisasi. Hewan uji dipelihara dengan memperhatikan pakan dan faktor lingkungan. Dilakukan pengukuran panjang dan bobot awal, serta bobot akhir total maupun kompartemen pada traktus alimentarius. Data penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Anova dan uji BNT menggunakan aplikasi spss release 26. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aerasi dan filter memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap panjang dan berat traktus alimentarius ikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa penggunaan aerator ganda dilengkapi dengan filter memberikan dampak positif terhadap pertambahan panjang dan bobot traktus alimentarius.The alimentarius tract is a digestive tract that is used to simplify food through physical and chemical mechanisms. This increase in the growth of digestive organs is a form of optimizing the physiological functions of fish organs based on controlling environmental factors by providing aeration and filters. This study aims to analyze the use of aeration, filter, and combination of aeration and filter on the morphometry of the tract alimentarius of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study was conducted for 60 days with the initial process of acclimatization. The test animals were kept by paying attention to feed and environmental factors. Measurements of length and initial weight, as well as total final weight and compartments in the alimentarius tract were carried out. The research data were then analyzed by Anova test and BNT test using spss release 26 application. The results showed that aeration and filter had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the length and weight of the alimentarius tract of fish. The conclusion of this study is that the use of double aerators equipped with filters has a positive impact on the increase in length and weight of the alimentarius tract.