bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bowfishing shoot and release: High short-term mortality of nongame fishes and its management implications
Authors: Montague Graham F. , Schooley Jason D. , Scarnecchia Dennis L. , Snow Richard A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Although bowfishing is legal in all 50 states in the USA, the practice of releasing shot fish is only legal in 8 states. An argument favoring this practice has been that survival of fish after shoot-and-release fishing is high. Bowfishing mortality trials were conducted in 2021–2022 in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma, to quantify shoot-and-release mortality and characterize the mortality via the location of the wound associated with the release of fish shot by bowfishing.

Methods
A total of 240 nongame fish were shot by experienced bowfishers with conventional bowfishing equipment and held in convalescent pools, with control fish captured by electrofishing to document short-term mortality up to 5 days.

Result
Overall mortality of bowfished fish was 87% versus 0% for control fish. Fish shot in critical areas (head, internal organs, or spine; 78% of total) suffered 96% mortality, whereas fish shot in noncritical areas (dorsal musculature, tail, or fins) experienced 52% mortality. In addition, 13.7% of fish shot were not successfully retrieved. Shot fish were generally older (mean = 19.4 years, range = 3–54) and contained more females (62%) than control fish (mean = 12.5 years, range = 2–39; 37% female), providing evidence that bowfishing can remove individuals of great recruitment value. The shoot-and-release mortality rates in this study, for fish shot in both critical and noncritical areas, exceeded mortality from a wide range of angler catch and release in other studies.

Conclusion
The high mortality rate associated with shoot and release observed in this study and as practiced by recreational bowfisheries renders shoot and release inconsistent with scientifically regulated and sustainable bowfisheries for native nongame species. These results provide evidence that the bow and arrow, when aimed at animals, is a weapon that is intended to kill. Bowfishing should realistically be managed as a 100% consumptive (i.e., kill) pursuit in which shoot and release is prohibited and nonretrieval of shot fish is accounted for.
Identifying the contributions of constituents to the fracture performance and failure mechanism of fiber metal laminate
Authors: Zhang Jipeng , Wang Yue , Yang Wen , Dai Xiangjun , Zhao Yuan , Fang Guodong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFiber metal laminate (FML) is a damage‐tolerant material that has gained special attention in the aircraft industry. To clarify the confusing contributions of constituents to the quasi‐static fracture performance and failure mechanism, six kinds of glass fiber reinforced aluminum laminates (Glare) were designed. Quasi‐static fracture tests were carried out to examine their crack resistance, stable crack extension, and residual strength. Moreover, postmortem characterizations were performed to reveal the macro and micro failure morphologies. It was found that the glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) layers can positively contribute to Glare's quasi‐static fracture performance due to its in‐situ quasi‐brittle but not completely brittle fracture characteristics, which was shown by the special plateau formed onP–Δacurve of Glare, and by the improved crack resistance, longer critical crack length, and higher residual strength in Glare with higher content of GFRP. However, the enhancement achieved by increasing the volume fraction of GFRP was not as effective as by increasing the aluminum thickness, since thickening aluminum in a limited range could increase the fracture toughness and promote the delamination and fiber pull‐outs in Glare. To further identify the effect of the properties of the metal layer, a titanium‐reinforced Glare was designed and tested. It was found to transform the fracture process to be titanium dominant, which delayed the fracture of GFRP and meandered the fracture path, then resulted in superior quasi‐static fracture performance than the basic Glare.
Integrated multi‐omics analysis reveals unique signatures of paclitaxel‐loaded poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles treatment of head and neck cancer cells
Authors: Haider Mohamed , Jagal Jayalakshmi , Bajbouj Khuloud , Sharaf Basma M. , Sahnoon Lina , Okendo Javan , Semreen Mohammad H. , Hamda Mawieh , Soares Nelson C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe use of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs is regarded as an actively targeted nano‐therapy for the specific delivery of anti‐cancer drugs to target cells. However, the exact mechanism by which PLGA NPs boost anticancer cytotoxicity at the molecular level remains largely unclear. This study employed different molecular approaches to define the response of carcinoma FaDu cells to different types of treatment, specifically: paclitaxel (PTX) alone, drug free PLGA NPs, and PTX‐loaded PTX‐PLGA NPs. Functional cell assays revealed that PTX‐PLGA NPs treated cells had a higher level of apoptosis than PTX alone, whereas the complementary, UHPLC‐MS/MS (TIMS‐TOF) based multi‐omics analyses revealed that PTX‐PLGA NPs treatment resulted in increased abundance of proteins associated with tubulin, as well as metabolites such as 5‐thymidylic acid, PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z0), vitamin D, and sphinganine among others. The multi‐omics analyses revealed new insights about the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of novel anticancer NP therapies. In particular, PTX‐loaded NPs appeared to exacerbate specific changes induced by both PLGA‐NPs and PTX as a free drug. Hence, the PTX‐PLGA NPs’ molecular mode of action, seen in greater detail, depends on this synergy that ultimately accelerates the apoptotic process, resulting in cancer cell death.
Advanced mass spectrometry workflows for accurate quantification of trace‐level host cell proteins in drug products: Benefits of FAIMS separation and gas‐phase fractionation DIA
Authors: Beaumal Corentin , Beck Alain , Hernandez‐Alba Oscar , Carapito Christine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) production relies on multiple purification steps before release as a drug product (DP). A few host cell proteins (HCPs) may co‐purify with the mAb. Their monitoring is crucial due to the considerable risk they represent for mAb stability, integrity, and efficacy and their potential immunogenicity. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) commonly used for global HCP monitoring present limitations in terms of identification and quantification of individual HCPs. Therefore, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) has emerged as a promising alternative. Challenging DP samples show an extreme dynamic range requiring high performing methods to detect and reliably quantify trace‐level HCPs. Here, we investigated the benefits of adding high‐field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) separation and gas phase fractionation (GPF) prior to data independent acquisition (DIA). FAIMS LC‐MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of 221 HCPs among which 158 were reliably quantified for a global amount of 880 ng/mg of NIST mAb Reference Material. Our methods have also been successfully applied to two FDA/EMA approved DPs and allowed digging deeper into the HCP landscape with the identification and quantification of a few tens of HCPs with sensitivity down to the sub‐ng/mg of mAb level.
Exploring the influence of rigid carbocycles on terpenoid copolymer properties
Authors: Galan Nicholas J. , Fried Alan D. , Cromer Chase E. , Fish Abigail , Coughlin Dominic R. , Brantley Johnathan N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSynthesizing soft polymers with uncommon architectural elements is critical for enhancing our understanding of fundamental structure–property relationships in macromolecules. Terpenoid materials are interesting candidates for addressing this grand challenge, as their constituent monomers can exhibit a diverse array of structural and functional groups. Moreover, these biologically‐derived materials can potentially expand the sphere of knowledge surrounding trends in related petrochemically‐derived polymers. For example, vinyl‐addition copolymers of norbornene and acyclic olefins can exhibit predictable properties (e.g., linear changes in Tg as a function of composition). Due to synthetic limitations, however, it is not well understood if other rigid carbocycles engender similar behavior in a range of copolymers. As numerous terpene scaffolds display rigid motifs (such as pinane systems), terpenoid polymers are uniquely positioned to address this deficiency. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of terpenoid copolymers (both statistical and block) with systematically tailored compositions of pinene‐based comonomers. We found that the pinane core (which is a constitutional isomer of norbornene) appears to promote ideal behavior with regard to bulk thermal properties of statistical copolymers, which mirrors the behavior of norbornene‐based systems. We also found that block copolymers exhibited thermomechanical properties that were highly tunable (and apparently correlated to carbocycle composition).
LDR brachytherapy offers superior tumor control to single‐fraction HDR prostate brachytherapy: A prospective study
Authors: Jimenez‐Garcia Isabel E. , Sabater Sebastia , Martinez‐Gutierrez Rocio , Sanchez‐Galiano Pedro , Berenguer‐Serrano Roberto , Castro‐Larefors Susana , Rey‐Lopez Irene , Ruiz‐Herrero Beatriz , Sánchez‐Prieto Ricardo , Rovirosa Angeles , Arenas Meritxell , Gonzalez‐Suarez Herminio A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare the clinical outcomes of single‐fraction high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy and single‐fraction low‐dose‐rate (LDR) brachytherapy as the sole treatment for primary prostate cancer.Material and MethodsA quasi‐randomized study that allocated, from March 2008 to February 2012, 129 low and intermediate risk prostate cancer patients to one single‐fraction HDR of 19 Gy (61 patients) or to a 145 Gy 125I LDR permanent implant (68 patients. Biochemical relapse‐free survival (bRFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 72 months in the HDR group, 26 patients relapsed, and after a median follow‐up of 84 months in the LDR group, 7 patients relapsed (p < 0.0001). The 5‐year bRFS was significantly better for the LDR group than for the HDR group (93.7% and 61.1%, respectively) (p < 0.0001). The 5‐year OS also was significantly better in the LDR group (95.5% vs. 89.9%) (p = 0.0436).ConclusionsPermanent LDR prostate implant brachytherapy offers better clinical outcomes than single‐fraction HDR for prostate cancer.
JP‐1366: A novel and potent potassium‐competitive acid blocker that is effective in the treatment of acid‐related diseases
Authors: Ku Jin Mo , Cho Jin Hee , Kim Kangjeon , Kim Ji Yoon , Kim Jong Yup , Kim John , Cha Hyunju , Cheon Banyoon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe global prevalence of GERD is substantially increasing each year, and GERD is a chronic disease that reduces the quality of life of patients. The efficacy of conventional drugs is diverse, and most require long‐term or lifetime administration; thus, the development of more effective therapeutic agents is needed. Herein, a more effective treatment for GERD was tested. We investigated whether JP‐1366 affected gastric H+/K+‐ATPase activity and used the Na+/K+‐ATPase assay to confirm the selectivity of H+/K+‐ATPase inhibition. To clarify the mechanism of enzyme inhibition, JP‐1366 and TAK‐438 were analyzed by Lineweaver–Burk. Also, we investigated the effects of JP‐1366 in various models involving reflux esophagitis. We found that JP‐1366 mediates strong, selective, and dose‐dependent inhibition of H+/K+‐ATPase. We found that JP‐1366 significantly suppressed gastric acid secretion in histamine‐treated pylorus‐ligated rats in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, we confirmed that JP‐1366 inhibited histamine‐stimulated gastric acid secretion in the HPD model. JP‐1366 exhibited a more than 2‐fold higher inhibitory effect on esophageal injury than TAK‐438 in GERD lesions and had a more potent inhibitory effect in indomethacin‐ or aspirin‐induced gastric ulcer rat models than TAK‐438. Additionally, JP‐1366 inhibited gastric ulcers. These results support the possibility that JP‐1366 is a good candidate drug for treating acid‐related diseases.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of the P2X3‐receptor antagonist gefapixant
Authors: Chawla Akshita , Largajolli Anna , Hussain Azher , Kleijn Huub , Ait‐Oudhia Sihem , Anton Judith , Krishna Ananthula Hari , Nussbaum Jesse , La Rosa Carmen , Gheyas Ferdous 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGefapixant, a P2X3‐receptor antagonist, demonstrated objective and subjective efficacy in individuals with refractory or unexplained chronic cough. We report a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis that characterizes gefapixant pharmacokinetics (PKs), quantifies between‐ and within‐participant variability, and evaluates the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on gefapixant exposure. The PopPK model was initially developed using PK data from six phase I studies. Stepwise covariate method was utilized to identify covariates impacting PK parameters; the model was re‐estimated and covariate effects were re‐assessed after integrating PK data from three phase II and III studies. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the magnitude of covariate effects on gefapixant exposure. Of 1677 participants included in this data set, 1618 had evaluable PK records. Age, body weight, and sex had statistically significant, but not clinically relevant, effects on exposure. Degree of renal impairment (RI) had statistically significant and clinically relevant effects on exposure; exposure was 17% to 89% higher in those with versus without RI. Simulation results indicated that gefapixant 45 mg administered once daily to patients with severe RI has similar exposure to gefapixant 45 mg administered twice daily to patients with normal renal function. There were no significant effects of proton pump inhibitors or food. Of evaluated intrinsic and extrinsic factors, only RI had a clinically relevant effect on gefapixant exposure. Patients with mild or moderate RI do not require dosage adjustments; however, for patients with severe RI who are not on dialysis, gefapixant 45 mg once daily is recommended.
MARCEL: Mobile active rover chassis for enhanced locomotion
Authors: Bouton Arthur , Gao Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo extend planetary exploration beyond the current limitations of wheeled vehicles while preserving reliability, simplicity, and efficiency, actuation can be judiciously incorporated into the locomotion system. Based on a static analysis, we propose a new four‐wheeled chassis concept for planetary rovers that can traverse more challenging terrain with the help of two internal active joints. These joints are arranged as follows: a vertical pivot articulates the chassis around its center while a bogie allows the rear wheels to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. We also introduce a control method that uses a two‐stage procedure to produce an interpretable controller based on a policy devised by reinforcement learning. This way, we eliminate the black box made of a neural network and facilitate the transfer from simulation to reality. The resulting controller efficiently harnesses the internal mobility of the chassis to climb over obstacles in a sequenced manner while relying only on proprioceptive data provided by the chassis. A rover prototype named MARCEL has been built and tested experimentally. Contrary to any state‐of‐the‐art six‐wheeled passive chassis, the proposed locomotion system and its associated control has proven to be able to overcome solid step obstacles as tall as the diameter of the wheels with a edge and a friction coefficient as low as 0.5. This simple but capable design will enable future missions to explore more challenging areas while providing better guarantees in the face of unforeseen difficulties that could arise.
Furnishing Continuous Efficient Bidirectional Polysulfide Conversion for Long‐Life and High‐Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries via the Built‐In Electric Field
Authors: Ren Yilun , Ma Yujie , Wang Biao , Chang Shaozhong , Zhai Qingxi , Wu Hao , Dai Yuming , Yang Yurong , Tang Shaochun , Meng Xiangkang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost catalysts cannot accelerate uninterrupted conversion of polysulfides, resulting in poor long‐cycle and high‐loading performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, rich p‐n junction CoS2/ZnS heterostructures embedded on N‐doped carbon nanosheets are fabricated by ion‐etching and vulcanization as a continuous and efficient bidirectional catalyst. The p‐n junction built‐in electric field in the CoS2/ZnS heterostructure not only accelerates the transformation of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), but also promotes the diffusion and decomposition for Li2S the from CoS2 to ZnS avoiding the aggregation of lithium sulfide (Li2S). Meanwhile, the heterostructure possesses a strong chemisorption ability to anchor LiPSs and superior affinity to induce homogeneous Li deposition. The assembled cell with a CoS2/ZnS@PP separator delivers a cycling stability with a capacity decay of 0.058% per cycle at 1.0 C after 1000 cycles, and a decent areal capacity of 8.97 mA h cm−2 at an ultrahigh sulfur mass loading of 6 mg cm−2. This work reveals that the catalyst continuously and efficiently converts polysulfides via abundant built‐in electric fields to promote Li–S chemistry.
High‐Efficiency Low‐Lead Perovskite Photovoltaics Approaching 20% Enabled by a Vacuum‐Drying Strategy
Authors: Qin Zhaotong , Qin Minchao , Lu Xinhui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLead‐tin mixed perovskites are excellent photovoltaic materials that can be used in single‐ or multi‐junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, most high‐performance Pb‐Sn mixed PSCs reported to date are still Pb‐dominant. It is highly demanding to develop environmentally friendly low‐lead PSCs, but the poor film quality caused by the uncontrollable crystallization kinetics has been hindering the efficiency improvement of low‐lead PSCs. Here, a vacuum‐drying strategy in the two‐step method to fabricate low‐lead PSCs (FAPb0.3Sn0.7I3) with an impressive efficiency of 19.67% is employed. The vacuum treatment induces the formation of low crystalline Pb0.3Sn0.7I2 films containing less solvent, thus facilitating the subsequent FAI penetration and suppressing pinholes. Compared with the conventional one‐step method, the two‐step fabricated low‐lead perovskite films with the vacuum‐drying treatment exhibit a larger grain size, lower trap density, and weaker recombination loss, thus giving rise to a record‐high efficiency near 20% with better thermal stability.
Does 3D imaging of the fetal spine improve confidence in interpreting images in the second trimester?
Authors: Harding Catherine M. L. , Davies Braidy , Cowell Simon F. , Saxton Virginia , Choong Shawn , Strainge John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigated the addition of 3D ultrasound imaging to 2D ultrasound imaging when assessing the fetal spine in the second trimester in relation to: the diagnostic confidence of image assessors in interpretation, sonographer perceptions of the challenges in acquiring 3D images, and the additional time required to acquire 3D images.MethodsSix image assessors rated their diagnostic confidence when assessing 2D and 3D images of the fetal spine images acquired from second trimester morphology scans. Sonographer perceptions were investigated using a questionnaire assigned to eight sonographers. The mean time required to take 3D images of the fetal spine was retrospectively calculated using the time stamps from the ultrasound images of 100 second trimester morphology scans.ResultsCommon reasons for assessor's lack of confidence in reporting were poor quality or insufficient images of the upper spine (cervical/thoracic), the scapulae and/or the ribs. Diagnostic confidence of image assessors increased significantly (<.001) when 3D imaging was added to 2D imaging. All sonographers who completed the questionnaire stated that they found 3D ultrasound of the fetal spine useful in addition to 2D. 87.5% of these sonographers sometimes found 3D ultrasound challenging, mostly due to fetal position, or maternal obesity. The mean additional time required to perform 3D ultrasound to assess the fetal spine was 2 minutes and 19 seconds.ConclusionAdding 3D ultrasound of the fetal spine to a 2D second trimester obstetric morphology scan increased the diagnostic confidence of image assessors with only a small additional time requirement.
Predicting NSMR–concrete bond strength using artificial neural networks: A comparative‐analysis study
Authors: Haddad Rami , Qarqaz Noor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNear Surface‐Mounted Fiber Reinforced Polymer (NSM FRP) strips have become a popular technique for the rehabilitation of existing deteriorated concrete structures, the effectiveness of which is vitally related to its bond to concrete. The present Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, aimed at providing precise predictions for bond strength, utilizes nearly 550 refined dataset points and accounts for more influential parameters, namely elastic modulus, cross‐sectional area, bond length of FRP strips, groove size, concrete edge distance, groove spacing, and concrete's compressive strength. The very few relevant publications for the prediction of bond strength between NSM FRP composites and concrete employing artificial intelligence bond models considered limited database sizes and few key parameters. The Matlab software was utilized to build, train, and test the network model using seven input variables and one targeted output. Detailed statistical analysis was presented to test the model's validity with Taylor charts produced using the Matlab software for the purpose of comparing the performance of the present model against different literature models. The proposed ANN model showed a high prediction ability and a low mean square error. Indeed, the mean square error for the testing and validation data remained below 0.00055, whereas the coefficient of determination exceeded 0.99. The error charts for training and testing database revealed normal distribution of bond strength residuals; supporting further the validity of the proposed model. The trending behavior of the ultimate bond force versus the key parameters was consistent with that captured in the various literature models. The statistical and the sensitively analyses performed stipulated the validity of the present model for producing reliable prediction for bond strength between NSM FRP strips and concrete.
Gender and climate change: A sustainable tourism perspective
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to examine whether female tourism entrepreneurs are more interested in climate change than male entrepreneurs are as part of their focus on sustainable entrepreneurial endeavors. A qualitative study of female tourism entrepreneurs is examined that focuses on three main climate change strategies: conservative, compliant, and proactive. The findings suggest that female tourism entrepreneurs are more influenced by their social circle and general interest in environmental issues that lead them to focus on climate change actions. The results of this study will help tourism providers, businesses, government, and the community better understand the role of gender in sustainable tourism entrepreneurship. Climate change is a topic of immense interest in society particularly for those in the tourism industry. Sustainable tourism entrepreneurs often focus on climate change action as a way to compete in the global marketplace and to derive a competitive advantage. Less well understood is the role of gender in sustainable tourism entrepreneurship particularly in terms of perceptions around climate change action.