bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI can Improve the Evaluation of Adult Moyamoya Disease in a “one-stop” Measurement Model
Authors: Yuan Leilei , Li Xiaotong , Xu Yang , Cui Tao , Ai Lin , Chen Xiaolin , Chen Qian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Accurate measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF), tissue function and viability are particularly significant and important to help neurosurgeons identify MMD patients who would benefit from surgical revascularization. The present study aimed to evaluate the application value of hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (18F-FDG PET/MRI) in adult moyamoya disease (MMD) and its correlation with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings. Twenty-seven hospitalized adult MMD patients who underwent both hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI and DSA were enrolled in this study. The relative number of abnormal cerebral regional distributions of parameters derived from PET/MRI or DSA, including PET score, “ivy sign” score, ASL-CBF score, DSA irrigation score and the collateral score of each cerebral region in different Suzuki’s stages, were analyzed and compared with GraphPad Prism. The Spearman rank correlation test was performed to show the internal relationships among these parameters. The chi-square test was applied to assess the performance of MRI in the evaluation of collaterals and perfusion status using DSA as a reference method. Log-rank tests were used to identify independent indicators of regional glucose hypometabolism.
Results
The relative number of regions with a positive “ivy sign”, DSA collaterals, hypometabolism on PET, hypoperfusion on ASL-CBF or deficient DSA irrigation in hemispheres in the mid-stage and late stage were significantly different from those in the early stage (p < 0.05). The “ivy sign” score was positively related to the DSA collateral score (r = 0.6552, p < 0.05). The PET score was positively correlated with the ASL-CBF score (r = 0.685, p < 0.05) and the DSA irrigation score (r = 0.258, p < 0.05). The ASL-CBF score may be an independent indicator of brain regional glucose hypometabolism (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Brain hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI can improve the evaluation of adult MMD patients in a “one-stop” measurement model. Simultaneously, the accuracy of PET and MRI findings can be validated against one another to provide more convincing objective evidence for the choice of the treatment strategy.
Effect of Empagliflozin/Linagliptin on Oxidative Stress Markers among patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: a Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Trial
Authors: Satirapoj Bancha , Suebsiripong Supaporn , Runprapan Saranyapong , Nata Naowanit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Combined therapies employing sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) are expected to produce additive glycemic and reactive oxygen species (ROS) effects among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The present study evaluated whether SGLT2i and DPP-4i attenuate renal oxidative stress evoked by chronic hyperglycemia.
Methods
A clinical trial was conducted among patients with T2DM and CKD stage 3. The patients were randomized 1:1 to receive empagliflozin (10 mg/day)/linagliptin (5 mg/day) or standard treatment for 12 weeks. Renal oxidative stress and renal biomarker were measured using urine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and urine albumin creatinine ratio, respectively.
Results
Forty-eight patients were analyzed. At week 12, the empagliflozin/linagliptin group significantly reduced urine 8-OHdG compared with that in the control group [-53.90 ng/mgCr; 95%CI -102.93 to -4.84, P = 0.034] and the empagliflozin/linagliptin group also significantly reduced urine albumin compared with that in the control [-159.64 mg/gCr; 95% CI -318.23 to -1.06, P = 0.049]. Additionally, reduced HbA1c with empagliflozin/linagliptin treatment was superior to those with the control treatment. No between-group differences were observed regarding body weight, blood pressure, and estimated glomerular filtration rate at the end of follow-up. The proportion of subjects with adverse events over 12 weeks was similar across treatment arms with no hypoglycemic event requiring assistance.
Conclusion
Combined SGLT2i and DPP-4i treatment for 12 weeks improved renal oxidative stress and glycemic control among patients with T2DM and CKD, which could play a key role in reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy and appeared to be well tolerated.
Linguistic multidimensional perspective data simulation based on speech recognition technology and big data
Authors: Honggai Shi , Qian Yang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the multi-dimensional visualization technology continues to accelerate, resulting in a huge amount of data, higher requirements for related technologies, and more opportunities. Under the background of big data technology application, multi-dimensional visualization methods can shine in different fields, such as applying them to linguistic research. Although the technology has a wide range of applications, it can not effectively and intuitively display multi-dimensional voice feature data, which is difficult to fully meet the requirements of parameter visualization. In order to deeply study linguistic speech recognition and other issues, this paper introduces speech recognition technology to complete the creation and improvement of a multi-dimensional perspective analysis system for speech data, and uses socket mechanism to complete the server construction, including voice recognition, data enhancement, model training and other modules. This system takes the target voice data collection as the calling end, Thus, based on socket connection, data interaction with the server can meet the task requirements of the multi-dimensional perspective analysis system, and can achieve two-way data interaction. The simulation experiment results show that the system based on OpenSMILE toolbox can effectively obtain high-dimensional features, and its performance is excellent, which can meet most of the task requirements. It contains many kinds of acoustic feature data, which can solve the problem of over compression of the original signal, and mine the characteristics of voice waves to explain the relationship between frames. The system is higher than low dimensional features in recognizing multiple speakers. This paper designs an effective simulation system by applying speech recognition technology to multi-dimensional linguistic data analysis in the context of big data.
Metagenomic analysis of Hot Springs of Surajkund and the exploration of thermostable enzymes from endogenous isolates
Authors: Soy Snehi , Lakra Usha , Prakash Pragya , Suravajhala Prashanth , Nigam Vinod Kumar , Sharma S. R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Hot springs serve as a hub for microbial diversity, the microflora of the hot springs can be a source of numerous biologically important molecules. Extremophile bacteria were isolated from different hot springs of India to investigate their potential in industrial applications. The analysis involved both culture dependent and culture independent methods. The metagenomic analysis of the microflora was carried out using next-gen sequencing. Also, thermophilic isolates were culture and primarily screened for amylase, xylanase and cellulase enzyme production. The production for amylase was optimized and partial purification was carried out. Partially purified amylase was tested and characterized using; UPLC, DLS-ZP and TGA. The retention time for the amylase was observed to be around 0.5 minutes along with a stable thermo gravimetric profile around 400oC confirming its stability at higher temperatures. One of the thermophilic isolate was able to degrade lignocellulosic waste exhibiting the potential of isolates from the kund.
Effect of a customized digital adherence tool on retention in care and adherence to antiretroviral treatment in breastfeeding women, children and adolescents living with HIV in Tanzania: a mixed-methods study followed by clinical trials
Authors: Boer I. Marion Sumari-de , Ngowi Kennedy M , Swai Iraseni U , Masika Lyidia V , Maro Rehema , Mtenga Alan E , Mtesha Benson A , Nieuwkerk Pythia , Reis Ria , de Wit Tobias Rinke , Aarnoutse Rob 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background

Adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV infection is challenging because of many factors. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended using digital adherence technologies (DATs). However, there is limited evidence on how DATs improve adherence. Wisepill® is an internet enable medication dispenser found feasible and acceptable in several studies. However, limited evidence is available on its effectiveness in improving ART adherence, specifically among children and adolescents. Furthermore, DATs are often developed without involving the target groups. We propose a two-stage project consisting of a formative study to customize an existing Wisepill DAT intervention and a randomized clinical trial, to investigate the effectiveness of DAT combined with reminder cues and tailored feedback on adherence to ARV treatment among children and adolescents living with HIV and retention in care among breastfeeding women living with HIV in Kilimanjaro and Arusha Region, Tanzania.

Methods

We will conduct a formative study mixed-methods study and three sub-trials in Kilimanjaro and Arusha Regions among (1) children aged 0–14 years and their caregivers, (2) adolescents aged 15–19 years and (3) breastfeeding women and their HIV-negative infants. In the formative study, we will collect and analyse data on needs and contents for DATs, including the contents of short message service (SMS) texts and tailored feedback. The results will inform the customization of the DAT to be tested in the sub-trials. In the trials, participants will be randomized in the intervention arm, where the DAT will be implemented or the control arm, where standard care will be followed. Participants in the intervention arm will take their medication from the Wisepill-box and receive daily reminder texts and tailored feedback during clinic visits.

Discussion

If the intervention improves adherence to ART and the devices are acceptable, accurate and sustainable, the intervention can be scaled up within the National Aids Control Programmes.
Trial registration: PACTR202301844164954, date 27 January 2023
Androgen Drives Melanoma Invasiveness and Metastatic Capacity by Promoting Tumorigenic Fucosylation
Authors: Liu Qian , Adhikari Emma , Lester Daniel , Fang Bin , Johnson Joseph , Tian Yijun , Mockabee-Macias Andrea , Izumi Vicky , Guzman Kelly , White Michael , Koomen John , Wargo Jennifer , Messina Jane , Qi Jianfei , Lau Eric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Melanoma incidence and mortality rates are historically higher for men than women. Although emerging studies have highlighted tumorigenic roles for the male sex hormone androgen and its receptor (AR) in melanoma, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these sex-associated discrepancies are poorly defined. Here, we delineate a novel mechanism by which androgen-activated AR transcriptionally upregulates fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) expression, which drives melanoma invasiveness by interfering with adherens junctions (AJs). Global phosphoproteomic and fucoproteomic profiling, coupled with in vitro and in vivo functional validation, further revealed that AR-induced FUT4 fucosylates L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), which is required for FUT4-increased metastatic capacity. Tumor microarray and gene expression analyses demonstrated that AR-FUT4-L1CAM-AJs signaling correlates with pathological staging in melanoma patients. By delineating key androgen-triggered signaling that enhances metastatic aggressiveness, our findings help to explain sex-associated clinical outcome disparities and highlight AR/FUT4 and its effectors as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in melanoma.
The Novel Phosphatase NUDT5 is a Critical Regulator of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth
Authors: Qian Jing , Ma Yanxia , Tahaney William , Moyer Cassandra , Lanier Amanda , Hill Jamal , Coleman Darian , Koupaei Negar , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Page Brent D. G. , Mazumdar Abhijit , Brown Powel H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The most aggressive form of breast cancer is triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) which lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and does not have overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Treatment options for women with TNBC tumors are limited, unlike those with ER-positive tumors, that can be treated with hormone therapy, or those with HER2-positive tumors, that can be treated with anti-HER2 therapy. Thus, we have sought to identify novel targeted therapies for TNBC. In this study, we investigated whether a novel phosphatase, NUDT5, is a potential therapeutic target.
Methods: TCGA and METABRIC (Curtis) datasets were used to investigate the mRNA expression levels of NUDT5 in breast cancers. NUDT5 ablation was achieved by targeting NUDT5 with siRNA, shRNA, and sgRNA and by inhibiting NUDT5 with the small molecule inhibitor TH5427. Xenograft animal models were used to determine the effect of NUDT5 inhibition on TNBC in vivo growth. Proliferation, death, and DNA replication assays were used to investigate the cell biologic effect of NUDT5 loss or inhibition. The accumulation of 8-oxoG and the induction of gH2AX after NUDT5 loss was determined by immunofluorescence staining.
Results: In this study, we demonstrated the important role of an overexpressed phosphatase, NUDT5, in regulating oxidative DNA damage in TNBCs. We found that NUDT5 loss led to suppressed growth of TNBC in vitroand in vivo. This growth inhibition was not induced by death, but instead by suppressed proliferation. Loss or inhibition of NUDT5 induced an increase in 8-oxoG and gH2AX lesions in DNA and a stall in DNA replication, thus inhibiting proliferation.
Conclusions: NUDT5 plays a critical role in preventing oxidative DNA damage in TNBC cells. Loss or inhibition of NUDT5 suppressed the growth of TNBCs. These biological and mechanistic studies provide a basic research foundation for the future development of NUDT5 inhibitors for the treatment of TNBC patients.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Traditional Motorized Traction and Non-surgical Spinal Decompression Therapy Added to Conventional Physiotherapy in Low Back Pain
Authors: ADAR SEVDA , APAYDIN ONURHAN , DÜNDAR ÜMİT , TOKTAŞ HASAN , YEŞİL HİLAL , EROĞLU SELMA , EYVAZ NURAN 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Abstract
Background: There are limited number of studies comparing non-surgical spinal decompression with other treatment options such as conventional motor traction in the treatment of low back pain caused by lumbar discopathy. This retrospective study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these treatments.
Methods: Retrospective data of patients who had physical therapy in our clinic with the diagnosis of lumbar dyscopathy were reviewed. Demographic datas, duration of their symptoms, physical examination findings, lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports, method and duration of treatment and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) results were recorded.
Results: A total of 160 patients met the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 44.6±12.4 (range 21-65) years, 57.5% (n=92) was female, and 42.5% (n=68) was male. There were no differences between the conventional physiotherapy, motorized traction, and spinal decompression groups in terms of age, duration of symptoms, and the number of sessions (p>0.05). In both three groups, the mean scores of VAS and ODI were significantly decreased in the pre-and post-treatment comparisons (p<0.005). The rates of change in VAS and ODI were higher in the traction group and spinal decompression group compared to the conventional treatment (p<0.005).
Conclusion: In patients with subacute and chronic lumbar dyscopathies, motorized traction and spinal decompression treatments added to conventional treatment were found to be more effective than conventional treatment alone. The results of spinal decompression and conventional motorized traction treatments appear to be similar.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number of the study is NCT05617924.
Keywords: Low back pain, intervertebral disc, traction, decompression
Fire Regimes Over a 1070-m Elevational Gradient, San Francisco Peaks/Dook’o’oosłííd, Arizona USA
Authors: Fulé Peter Z , Barrett Molly Peige , Cocke Allison E , Crouse Joseph E , Roccaforte John P , Normandin Donald P , Covington W Wallace , Moore Margaret M , Heinlein Thomas A , Stoddard Michael T , Rodman Kyle C 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background

Steep elevational gradients bring multiple forest types and fire regimes together in close proximity. The San Francisco Peaks/Dook’o’oosłííd in northern Arizona rise to 3,851 m elevation with slopes that span many of the major forest types of the southwestern U.S. mountains. To reconstruct past fire regimes across this broad elevational gradient, we sampled fire-scarred trees across the south face of the Peaks, complementing previous research on forest structure, composition, and origin of aspen stands.

Results

At the highest elevations, bristlecone pine forests had a mean fire interval (MFI) of 19.7 years prior to a modern fire exclusion period beginning after 1879. Other high-elevation (> 2,800 m) mixed conifer forests had MFI = 5.7 years and low-elevation (< 2,800 m) pine forests had MFI = 4.0 years. After 1879 there were no large fires through the end of the 20th century. Before 1879, fires occurred in the early to middle growing season. Fire regimes were linked to climate across all elevations, with a stronger association to drought (i.e., the Palmer Drought Severity Index) than to El Niño-Southern Oscillation phase. Pulses of forest regeneration were linked to the fire regime, with the largest pulse occurring shortly after fire exclusion. In addition to fire exclusion, other factors such as post-fire sprouting and regeneration after tree harvesting, likely contributed to the current dense forest structure on the Peaks.
Conclusions: Following over a century of fire exclusion, fire activity has increased on the Peaks over the past two decades, with large recent fires of uncharacteristic size and severity raising concerns about tree mortality, erosion, flooding, and infrastructure damage in surrounding human communities. Past fire regimes provide useful insight into fire-climate-forest interactions and the conditions under which existing forest communities were well adapted, but adaption to future conditions is likely to be challenging due to the rapid pace of projected environmental changes.
Digital Intervention Services to Promote Hiv Self-testing and Linkage to Care Services: a Bibliometric Analysis, Global Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Mhando Frank , Hatcher Genáe , Olughu Kelia , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Idahosa Love , Nyankomo Marwa , Conserve Donaldson F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background: It is imperative to identify and treat HIV-positive individuals that are unaware of their status to achieve the UNAIDS goal of eliminating HIV worldwide by 2030. The use of digital tools such as website-based systems, social media, mobile apps, Short Message/Messaging Service (SMS), and vending machines (VM) could expand access to HIV self-testing (HIVST) and enhance post-test linkage to care services. This study aims to analyze the progress of digital interventions in HIVST and linkage to care services, assess the impact of scholarly work in the context of scientific production, and compare the relative scientific contributions of scholars, countries, research groups or institutions.
Methods: We searched the literature in the Web of Science (WoS) database within a period of 2011 to 2022 and conducted a bibliometric analysis. The search was conducted on 10th December 2022. The key words used were mobile health, HIV self-testing and Linkage to care. This paper uses VOS viewer and bibliometrix to perform bibliometric analysis.
Results: For the keyword search, a total of 117 documents were gathered of which only 91 documents have been considered for the analysis. Among 91 documents, 79 were articles and 12 were reviews. The United States, South Africa, United Kingdom and China are the most productive and influential countries, with the widest range of collaborative partners. Other key findings are presented and discussed, followed by some potential future research avenues.
Conclusion: Based on the data collected from the WoS, digital transformation and HIV self-testing is a relatively new field, as the first paper published on the topic only dates to 2011 however, the trend of production kept increasing every year which is eloquent proof that the field is attracting a great number of researchers and scholars.
AMOC decline and recovery in a warmer climate
Authors: Nobre Paulo , Veiga Sandro , Giarolla Emanuel , Marquez André , Silva Manoel , Capistrano Vinícius , Malagutti Marta , Fernandez Julio , Soares Helena , Bottino Marcus , Kubota Paulo , Figueiroa Silvio , Bonatti José , Sampaio Gilvan , Casagrande Fernanda , Costa Mabel , Nobre Carlos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study presents novel insight into the mechanisms of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) reduction and its recovery under a warmer climate scenario. An one-thousand-year-long numerical simulation of a global coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere climate model, subjected to a stationary atmospheric radiative forcing, depict a coherent picture of the Arctic sea ice melting as a trigger for the initial AMOC reduction, along with decreases in the northward fluxes of salt and heat. Further atmospheric-driven ocean processes contribute to an erosion of the stable stratification of the fresher, yet colder waters in the surface layers of the North Atlantic, contributing to the recovery of a permanently altered AMOC.
The Environmental Sustainability of the European Union countries: Collective Identity as a Stratum for Decarbonization
Authors: DIKE GLORY , Direkli Mehmet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To stay within a “well below 2°C” climate change track, the Paris Agreement and goal 13 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for climate action - a global decrease in Green House Gases (GHG) emissions. Arguments in this study are derived from the hypothesis that a collective identity among the EU states would foster collective actions toward reducing global warming. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore how different EU countries (Poland, Italy, and Germany) employs three decarbonization pillars: waste recycling, eco-innovation, and policy innovation (WEP) as a yardstick to mitigate global warming and attain the EU’s “net-zero” emissions by 2050. The study also utilizes annual data collected from the Eurostat indicator from 2014 to 2020. The findings reveal that Germany has the most successful average recycling rate in Europe; 65.5 percent of the country’s domestic waste is either recycled or reused. On the other hand, Poland is a low performer in eco-innovation. Additionally, an analysis of policy regulations reveals that both Germany and Italy can comply with the policy and regulations of the EU on carbon neutrality. At the same time, Poland, on the other hand, lacks the commitment to carbon neutrality due to its reliance on carbon-intensive coal. Therefore, this study recommends translating EU climatic laws in their simplest forms into local laws. Moreso, citizens' behavior will be further influenced toward environmental sustainability by this collective mindset.