bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Administration of the President of the Russian Federation and Political Parties: institutional and political mechanisms of interaction (1991-1999)
Authors: Volgin Evgeny Igorevich 
Published: August 2023

The subject of the study is the process of transformation of the structures of the Presidential apparatus responsible for ensuring a continuous dialogue between the head of state and parliamentary parties and movements, most of which in the 1990s were adjacent to the opposition camp. The purpose of the work is to identify the key factors that influenced the formation and further diversification of departments of the presidential administration interacting with the Russian party-political spectrum in the crisis situation of the 1990s, based on the use of various sources (normative legal acts, analytical materials of political journalism, electronic resources). Problem-chronological, formal-legal, institutional, systemic and structural-functional approaches are used as the main methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the almost complete absence of works examining the history of the formation and evolution of the Presidential Administration from the angle of the impact of the party-political and electoral factor on this institution. In the course of the conducted research, it was possible to establish that interaction with socio-political associations was not the main activity of the Presidential Administration in the 1990s. Only after the restoration of the Communist Party, as well as the election of the opposition Duma (1993), a department appeared in the Presidential Administration that oversaw interaction with the new parliamentary fronde. The main task of this structural unit (despite the frequent change of names, numbers and responsibilities) was its participation in the implementation of a common strategy for the political containment of anti-presidential (anti-communist, anti-reformist) forces in a crisis situation. At the same time, the activities of the department for working with parties in the context of the general anti-communist strategy of the 1990s were of an auxiliary (technological) nature, while the main political issues were resolved by the first persons of the opposing sides at a personal (behind-the-scenes-informal) level.
Ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase (ETNPPL) contributes to the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yun , Shen Li , Wang Bojun , Wu Xiaohong 
Published: August 2023

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high mortality, difficulty in early screening, relapse, and poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the expression of ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase (ETNPPL) and its clinical significance in HCC.

Methods
Differentially expressed mRNAs were screened using microarray analysis. Functional enrichment was performed using GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis. We used qRT-PCR to measure the expression of ETNPPL in HCC tissues and paired paracarcinoma tissues. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier curve were conducted to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values. Cell behaviors were evaluated using a scratch test and transwell assay.

Results
The results showed that numerous mRNAs are abnormally expressed in HCC. ETNPPL was decreased in HCC tissues and cells. The area under curve (AUC) of ETNPPL was 0.9089, demonstrating that ETNPPL had diagnostic value. Low expression of ETNPPL was related to poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Moreover, the over-expression of ETNPPL inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion.

Conclusions
In conclusion, downregulated ETNPPL was found in HCC and is related to poor patient prognosis and the promotion of cell metastasis. This suggests that ETNPPL serves both as a promising diagnosis and prognosis biomarker, and a therapy target of HCC.
Survey, Incidence and Pathogenicity of Root Rot Disease of Cotton in Different Districts of Haryana Incited by Rhizoctonia spp
Authors: Vashisht Preeti , Yadav N. K. 
Published: August 2023

Aim: Survey, incidence and pathogenicity of root rot disease of cotton in different districts of Haryana incited by Rhizoctonia spp.
Design: Survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Ten major cotton growing districts in Haryana during Kharif 2021 and Kharif 2022.
Methodology: A roving survey to record cotton root rot incidence was conducted in ten major cotton growing districts of Haryana during the month of June and July for consecutive two Kharif seasons 2021 and 2022. On an average 4 growing region of cotton in each district were visited and percent disease incidence was recorded.
Results: Among all the surveyed districts of Haryana the maximum mean disease incidence was recorded in Fatehabad (18.75%) followed by Hisar (15.25 %), Sirsa (15%), While the minimum disease incidence was recorded in Nuh and Charkhi dadri 9.25 per cent in both during kharif 2021. Among all the surveyed districts of Haryana the maximum mean disease incidence was recorded in Fatehabad (18.25%) followed by Sirsa (15.25%), Hisar (15.42%), While the minimum disease incidence was recorded Charkhi dadri (9.08%).
Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that important cotton-growing regions in Haryana have root rot disease incidence. It is clear from the overall study that root rot disease is common in significant mulberry-growing regions in Haryana. As a result, resistant cotton types are urgently needed to address the grower's issue, together with the best management techniques, such as effective biocontrol agents that can significantly reduce the illness. Consequently, research should be conducted to ascertain the incidence of the disease in different places.
Estimation of Costs and Returns of Groundnut in Vizianagaram Districts of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Naidu K. G. K Narendra , Chandra Ram 
Published: August 2023

Groundnut crop is one of the important oil seed crop grown in Vizianagaram district. Though the Groundnut is cultivated on small area but it contributes sizable share in total earnings of the cultivator. However, yield and profit from Groundnut cultivation is uncertain because it is very sensitive and it badly affects from extreme climatic conditions so it requires special attention.
The marketing of Groundnut from producer to consumer also involves various activities like transportation, loading, and storage, etc. During this process of marketing the quality as well as quantity of Groundnut get damaged and lost. The Groundnut growers face number of problems at each stage of production, marketing, and distribution like lack of technical knowledge, lack of market intelligence, inadequate transportation, and major market yard facilities.
The socio-economic characteristics of farmers i.e., size of family, educational status, land utilization pattern, cropping pattern and fixed capital investment were studied. The standard cost concepts i.e., cost 'A', and cost 'B', cost 'C' was used in present study.
Majority of groundnut respondents (36%) had farming experience of 2 – 9 years, about 37% had 10 to 20-year experience, 16% had 21-to-30-year experience, while 09% of the respondents had between 31 to 35-year experience of groundnut production. The mean years of farming experience was 17 years. This is an indication that more farmers are embracing production of the crop due to its profit advantage.
The total owned area is observed between 0.1-0.9 hectares of land, about 40% had 1 – 2 hectares, 22% had between 2 – 4 hectares and 07% had 4 – 10 hectares and none hold above 10 hectares. The average farm size is 1.5 hectares.
The cost A of groundnut cultivation was observed to be Rs.118560, Rs.115543, Rs.111606 and Rs.110040 per hectare of marginal, small, semi-medium, and medium land holding farmers.
Cost B it is the summation of Cost A, Rental Value of owned land and interest on value 67.89 of owned fixed capital.
It is observed as Rs.100281, Rs.97489, Rs.93760 and Rs.92036per hectare of groundnut production in marginal, small, semi-medium and medium land holding farmers and the average value of cost B is Rs.95892 per hectare.
To find Cost C1 is the summation of Cost B and imputed value of family labor, family labor cost is given to be an Rs.7500, Rs.7550, Rs.7700 and Rs.8000 and got a solution of Rs.107781, Rs. 105039, Rs.101460 and Rs.100036 per hectare.
Cost C2 it includes Cost B + 10 per cent of cost B. as managerial charges as calculated as a result Rs.118560, Rs.115543, Rs.115543 and Rs.110040 and the total input cost is also considered a cost C.
Overview of Knowledge about the Importance of the First 1000 Days of Life In Indonesian Women of Reproductive Age (15 - 49 Years) in 2021
Authors: Reviani Nia , Suryanegara Wiradi , Gultom Abitmer 
Published: August 2023

The first thousand days of life is a golden period from 0-2 years which is a critical period in brain growth because there is a rapid increase in the development of cells in the brain that are very vulnerable to damage. If, at this time, the child is suffering from malnutrition, it cannot be guaranteed that further development will proceed normally. This study aims to describe knowledge about the importance of of the first 1000 days of life in women of childbearing age (15-49 years) in 2021. This research is a descriptive study with purposive sampling and obtained a total sample of 115 respondents. The results showed that the description of the knowledge of women of childbearing age about the meaning of of the first 1000 days of life showed that most women of childbearing age had moderate knowledge of 64 people (56%), knowledge of the of the first 1000 days of life program showed that most women of childbearing age had high knowledge of 44 people (38%), and knowledge about nutrition in of the first 1000 days of life shows that most women of childbearing age have moderate knowledge of 72 people (63%). Based on the results of the study, the description of knowledge about the importance of the first 1000 days of life in women of childbearing age (15-49 years) regarding of the first 1000 days of life program is included in the medium category, regarding the understanding of of the first 1000 days of life is included in the high category, and regarding nutrition in of the first 1000 days of life is included in the medium category.
Groundwater flow and heterogeneous discharge into a seepage lake: Combined use of physical methods and hydrochemical tracers
Authors: Kazmierczak J. , Müller S. , Nilsson B. , Postma D. , Czekaj J. , Sebok E. , Jessen S. , Karan S. , Stenvig Jensen C. , Edelvang K. , Engesgaard P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGroundwater discharge into a seepage lake was investigated by combining flux measurements, hydrochemical tracers, geological information, and a telescopic modeling approach using first two‐dimensional (2‐D) regional then 2‐D local flow and flow path models. Discharge measurements and hydrochemical tracers supplement each other. Discharge measurements yield flux estimates but rarely provide information about the origin and flow path of the water. Hydrochemical tracers may reveal the origin and flow path of the water but rarely provide any information about the flux. While aquifer interacting with the lake remained under seemingly steady state conditions across seasons, a high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the discharge to the lake was observed. The results showed that part of the groundwater flowing from the west passes beneath the lake and discharges at the eastern shore, where groundwater springs and high discharge zones (HDZs) are observed at the lake bottom and at seepage faces adjacent to the lake. In the 2‐D cross section, surface runoff from the seepage faces delivers 64% of the total groundwater inputs to the lake, and a 2 m wide offshore HDZ delivers 13%. Presence of HDZs may control nutrient fluxes to the lake.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Halogenated Natural Products
Authors: Yoshimitsu Takehiko 
Published: August 2023

Halogen functionalities often influence the physical, chemical, and biological properties of organic molecules, creating molecular diversity. Because of their significant biological properties, organohalogens have attracted considerable attention as invaluable medicinal resources. As a result, the synthesis of organohalogens is a topic of immense interest and it has motivated us to develop new halogenation methodologies.This chapter will highlight synthetic approaches to selected bioactive organohalogens to which unique methods of carbon–halogen bond formation have been applied. Furthermore, recent developments in methodology, particularly in catalysis, for enantioselective halogenation with great potential for future applications to natural organohalogen synthesis will be briefly overviewed.
Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Cancer
Authors: Grumolato Luca , Aaronson Stuart A. 
Published: August 2023

Overview
Most, if not all, human cancers harbor aberrant activation of one or several signaling pathways, contributing to tumor initiation and/or progression. In this chapter, we describe how growth factors signal to receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity to promote cell proliferation and survival, largely through activation of the phosphatidylinositol‐3′‐kinase(PI‐3‐K)/Akt and Ras/MAP kinase pathways. Using different paradigmatic examples of oncogenic alterations in growth factor signaling, we discuss functional implications and relevance of these pathways for human cancer. General cell signaling principles in both normal and tumor cells will be addressed, and we briefly discuss how the initiation and progression of specific cancer types can be affected by the deregulation of certain other pathways, including those mediated by cytokines, the transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) family, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and nuclear receptors.
Finally, we discuss the concepts of oncogene addiction and targeted therapy and provide a few representative examples to illustrate how increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying signaling pathway aberrations in cancer can been translated to the clinic.
Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Deol Yadwinder S. , Granger Jill , Wicha Max S. 
Published: August 2023

OverviewThere is substantial evidence that many if not most tumors contain a subpopulation of cells that display stem cell properties. These “cancer stem cells” (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation and propagation. Furthermore, these cells may mediate resistance to cancer therapeutic agents and therefore play a fundamental role in cancer relapse. This highlights the importance of developing therapeutic approaches to target this cell population. In this chapter, we will review current thoughts on the role of tissue stem cells in carcinogenesis, the pathways that regulate these cells, and current progress in development of CSC targeting therapeutic agents. We will then review clinical implications of CSC models.
Cancer and Cell Death
Authors: Reed John C. 
Published: August 2023

OverviewCell death is a normal facet of human physiology, ensuring tissue homeostasis by offsetting cell production with cell demise. Neoplasms arise in part because of defects in physiological cell death mechanisms, contributing to pathological cell expansion when genetic or epigenetic alternations impart a selective survival advantage to premalignant or malignant cells. Defects in normal cell death pathways also contribute to cancer progression by permitting progressively aberrant cell behaviors, while also desensitizing tumor cells to immune‐mediated attack, radiation, and chemotherapy. Multiple mechanisms that account for dysregulation of cell death mechanisms in human malignancies have been identified, providing insights into cancer pathogenesis and suggesting targets for therapeutic intervention based on the concept of restoring sensitivity to natural pathways for triggering cell suicide.
RNATumor Viruses
Authors: Gallo Robert C. , Reitz Marvin S. 
Published: August 2023

OverviewRetroviruses are enveloped viruses that contain a diploid RNA genome and are defined by the presence of reverse transcriptase, a DNA polymerase that transcribes RNA into DNA, which is then inserted into the host cell chromosome. These processes often lead to the capture and/or alteration of genetic material and the transfer of information between cells, with neoplastic transformation of the infected cell being an occasional outcome of infection. Retroviruses are also associated with immunodeficiencies and with neurologic diseases, although infection is often asymptomatic. Retroviruses can also enter the germ line and be present as a part of the genetic complement of all members of a species. These viruses are called endogenous retroviruses. Although most retroviral malignancies occur as leukemia/lymphomas in nonhuman species, human T‐cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐I) causes adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in a minority of infected humans, as well as a neurologic disease and a variety of other pathologies. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1), although not considered a tumor virus, is associated with an increased incidence of several types of tumors, especially those caused by viruses such as human papillomavirus and Epstein–Barr virus.
Principles of Surgical Oncology
Authors: Bloomston Mark , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Pollock Raphael E. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: August 2023

Overview
The discipline of surgical oncology describes a surgical super specialty to which a board certification process is now attached in the United States. A cognitive as well as technical surgical focus, the surgical oncologist is an oncology specialist who uses surgery as his or her mainstay therapeutic modality in treating tumor problems. As such, the surgical oncologist has a thorough grounding in the natural history of solid malignancy, extensive experience in tumor biopsy and staging approaches, the knowledge needed to orchestrate a multidisciplinary solid tumor treatment program, and the commitment, via vigorous personal participation, in the many relevant research opportunities by which we will advance comprehensive care of the cancer patient.
Principles of Cancer Rehabilitation Medicine
Authors: Stubblefield Michael D. , Thomas David C. , Ragnarsson Kristjan T. 
Published: August 2023

Overview
Many of the more than 14 million cancer survivors in the United States suffer from complications of disease and treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Restoring and maintaining the cancer survivors' function and quality of life often requires specialized rehabilitative services. The cancer rehabilitation specialist is dedicated to the identification, evaluation, and rehabilitation of neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, pain, and functional disorders associated with cancer and its treatment. This discusses the principles and practice of rehabilitation in this challenging group of patients.
Pyrimidine and Purine Antimetabolites
Authors: Diasio Robert B. 
Published: August 2023

Overview
The development of pyrimidine and purine antimetabolite drugs has been based on the rationale that nucleic acids are critical to cell replication and, therefore, the pyrimidine and purine bases (and their nucleosides) that are the “building blocks” necessary to synthesize nucleic acids are themselves potential sites for designing drugs that could be effective in inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis, whether that be in bacteria, viruses, or tumor cells. In this chapter, the various antimetabolites or analogs of uracil/thymine, cytidine/deoxycytidine, hypoxanthine/guanine, and adenosine that are currently used in the management of cancer are presented and reviewed with regard to metabolism, mechanism of action, clinical pharmacology, clinical activity, and toxicity.
Endocrine Therapy for Hormone Receptor‐Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Buzdar Aman U. , Dawood Shaheenah , Harvey Harold A. , Craig Jordan Virgil 
Published: August 2023

OverviewThe importance of the reproductive endocrine system in breast cancer treatment began to be appreciated at the turn of nineteenth century. It was around this time that it was realized that approximately one‐third of premenopausal women with advanced breast cancer would respond to oophorectomy. However, it was only when the estrogen receptor (ER) was discovered that it was possible to fully appreciate the mechanisms underlying the activity of ovarian ablation and other associated treatments for breast cancer such as ovarian irradiation, adrenalectomy, and hypophysectomy. Research into both the estrogen and progesterone pathways not only provided a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism of the carcinogenic pathway involved in the development of breast cancer but also allowed identification of potential targets for therapeutic intervention.This chapter discusses recent advances in the molecular biology and physiology underlying the estrogen and progesterone receptor (PR) pathways and potential targets for intervention. In addition it examines and compares the pharmacology and efficacy of the different endocrine agents used in the management of both early and advanced stage breast cancer.
Neoplasms of the Esophagus
Authors: Sung Max W. , Litle Virginia R. , Chmura Steven J. , Swisher Stephen G. , Rice David C. , Ajani Jaffer A. , Komaki Ritsuko K. , Ferguson Mark K. 
Published: August 2023

OverviewEsophageal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, sixth in men and ninth in women. In the past quarter century, esophageal cancer has changed from predominantly squamous‐cell carcinoma to adenocarcinoma, but only in North America and Europe. The concurrent increase in cancers of the gastroesophageal junction has led to its currently inclusion in the AJCC TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging of esophageal cancer. Treatment options have expanded to include endoscopic mucosal resection for early‐stage disease and neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery for intermediate stage disease. Surgical techniques have also evolved to include less invasive approaches using thoracoscopy and laparoscopy. Advances in systemic chemotherapy have also been reported, with the inclusion of hormonal and targeted therapies, for esophageal adenocarcinomas. A lethal disease when diagnosed in advanced stage, continued progress in therapeutic interventions can be anticipated with early‐stage detection in high‐risk patients, and the incorporation of molecular strategies in the treatment of advanced stage disease.