bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CALLIANDRA PORTORICENSIS LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST KEROSENE VAPOUR INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY IN MALE ALBINO RATS
Authors: Ese Siemuri Ogugu , Oyewale Adetunji Abisoye , Omolara Kamson Risqat , Nyiam Edward Bridget 
Published: September 2023

Aim and objective: This study investigated the cardioprotective activities of Calliandra portoricensis leaf ethanol extract (CPLEE) on kerosene vapour–induced cardiotoxic male albino rats.
Methods: Twenty-five male albino rats (120-150 g) were grouped into five groups (n=5). Group 1 received distilled water (normal control), while CPLEE constituted doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.wt p.o were administered once daily for the last 4 weeks to animals in group 4 and 5 respectively. Group 2 received kerosene vapour1.0 mL/kg body wt by inhalation for 4 weeks to induce toxicity, while group 3 received vitamin C 200 mg/kg p.o. Serum and cardiac samples were collected and used for the biochemical analyses.
Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of CPLEE revealed the presence of different phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, cardiac-glycosides, etc. CPLEE caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in the treated kerosene vapour groups in contrast to the untreated kerosene vapour induced cardiotoxic group. CPLEE showed potentials to mop-up free radicals generated by kerosene, by significantly reducing (p<0.05) lipid peroxidative-product (malondialdehyde, MDA) levels and increasing antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) in dose dependent manner in the treated kerosene vapour groups compared to the untreated kerosene vapor-induced cardiotoxic group.
Conclusion: The findings suggests that the CPLEE have the capacity to improving cardiac functions at safe doses possibly due to its abundant phytochemicals and antioxidants that offers protections against kerosene vapour-induced oxidative-damage.

Peer Review History:
Received: 15 June 2023; Revised: 20 July; Accepted: 23 August, Available online: 15 September 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
EXTRACTION OF PECTIN FROM CITRUS SINENSIS FRUIT PEELS AND ITS EFFICIENCY AS A SUSPENDING AGENT
Authors: Ubieko Edwin A , Onugwu Adaeze L , Ogbonna John DN , Okoye Ebere , Nwakile Callistus D , Attama Anthony A 
Published: September 2023

Aim and objective: The study's objective was to evaluate the performance of Citrus sinensis pectin, which had been extracted and used as a suspending agent during the production of fixed-dose artemether-lumefantrine oral powder for suspension.
Methods: The extracted pectin was used as an excipient to formulate an oral suspension powder of artemether and lumifantrine. Using analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the compatibility of the formulation's constituents, active medicinal ingredients, and extracted pectin was evaluated.
The formulated powder was tested for flow-ability, flow rate, sedimentation rate, re-dispersibility, dissolution rate, and short-term stability.
Results: In several of the batches, the extracted pectin displayed suspending characteristics at concentrations as high as 3.0% w/v. Hausner's and Carr's indices for the created artemether-lumefantrine granules for oral suspension were 30° C, 0.35 g/mL, 0.42 g/mL, 1.20 g/mL, and 15%, respectively. The flow rate was 5.46 g/min, and the suspension's particle size was 7.20 g. The viscosities ranged from 19.50 to 27.20 cP and 12.80 to 21.30 cP at 30 rpm and 60 rpm, respectively. After 80 and 90 minutes, respectively, the dosage forms of artemether and lumefantrine released their respective 75 % w/w medications. Artemether&#39;s short-term stability was 91.7±0.01, 91.35±0.00, 90.13±0.02, 89.35±0.03 and 84.70±0.01 at days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 180, respectively. Lumefantrine &#39;s short-term stability was also 91.18±0.00, 91.17±0.03, 88.43±0.01, 82.75±0.00, and 81.77±0.02
Conclusion: According to this study, the artemether/lumefantrine oral suspension granules or powder made with the pectin extract had a great suspending effect.

Peer Review History:
Received: 19 June 2023; Revised: 17 July; Accepted: 29 August, Available online: 15 September 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Authors: Al-Yousafi Eshtiaq A , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Othman Arwa Mohammed , AlShawkany Abdul-Al-Raoof Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims: One of the most common infection among critically ill patients is bloodstream infection (BSI). The present study was conducted to inspect the clinical manifestations, and septic organisms in the intensive care units of university hospitals in Sana'a city, Yemen. Also to compare clinical characteristics, mortality and risk factors for positive case versus negative case for bacterial growth among sepsis patients.
Subjects and methods: From January 1 to April 30, 2022, a cross-sectional study was undertaken on sepsis patients hospitalized in intensive care units at four hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect specific medical data for each subject. Patients suspected of having sepsis underwent tests such as blood culture, complete blood count, and C-reactive protein. Gram staining was used to identify organisms, and the VITEK II Bacterial Bioprinting System was used to study them. This study included 145 intensive care unit (ICU) patients who displayed one or more indications of sepsis.
Results: Of the 145 ICU patients with suspected sepsis, 87 (60%) had culture-confirmed sepsis. The bulk of the identified bacteria (57.5%) were Gram-negative. In the ICU, the most prevalent sepsis agents are E. coli (23%), Klebsiella species (12.6%), and Burkholderia cepacia (7%). The most common Gram-positive pathogens are Staphylococcus epidermidis (27.6%) and S. aureus (10.3%). Significant positive culture outcomes were found with rapid onset of sepsis (OR=3.3, p=0.002), decreased urination (OR=2.2, p=0.02), older patients (OR=4, p=0.001), and death (OR=7.8). The commonest symptoms among the cases were fever (66.9%), increased heart rate (67.6%), confusion (62.8%) and respiratory distress (52.4%); the mortality rate was 29%.
Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the most common cause of sepsis, and substantial positive culture results were associated with early onset, decreased urination, older patients, and death. Sepsis's incidence, mortality, and morbidity rates in Yemen are likely underestimated because it is infrequently reported as a primary diagnosis (typically as a consequence of cancer or another illness). More research into the frequency and risk factors of sepsis in ICUs is recommended.

Peer Review History:
Received: 22 June 2023; Revised: 17 July; Accepted: 28 August, Available online: 15 September 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, rola@aauj.edu
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, edress2020@gmail.com
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com
PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF THE EXTRACTED PECTIN FROM CITRUS SINENSIS FRUIT PEELS
Authors: Ubieko Edwin A , Onugwu Adaeze L , Ogbonna John DN , Okoye Ebere , Nwakile Callistus D , Attama Anthony A 
Published: September 2023

Aim and objective: Pectin, a natural polymer, is often extracted from Citrus sinensis fruit peels under slightly acidic circumstances. It is a multipurpose pharmaceutical excipient that has been researched for its possible use in oral solid dosage forms. The study's goal was to describe the pectin that was extracted from Citrus sinensis fruit peels.
Methods: Pectin was produced using acidified water and a Soxhlet apparatus. Following phytochemical screening, the extracted pectin was calculated for its micromeritics properties, flow behavior, viscosity, and swelling index, utilize an acidified water-based extraction technique.
Results: Total 8.00% yield was achieved when producing pectin. The phytoconstituents of the extracted pectin include carbohydrate, protein, alkaloids, and mucilage. The organoleptic properties of the extracted pectin include; brownish, odorless, orange juice taste, amorphous powder with melting point of 151ºC. The extracted pectin from C. sinensis fruit peel showed good flow properties (angle of repose: 29±02), an ash value of 2.03 percent by weight, and a loss on drying of 0.70 percent was discovered. The pH was found to be 3.5, suggesting that it may be consumed orally without any irritation. Extracted pectin was soluble in methanol, hydrochloric acid, and warm water. It formed lumps in cold water and was insoluble in certain organic solvents including ethanol, acetone, and alkali.
Conclusion: The outcomes of the evaluated parameters showed that pectin from the C. sinensis plant's peel might be used as a pharmaceutical excipient to make solid oral dosage forms such tablets and powder for oral suspension.

Peer Review History:
Received: 19 June 2023; Revised: 17 July; Accepted: 29 August, Available online: 15 September 2023
Academic Editor: Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, conyeji@oauife.edu.ng
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Ali Jaber, Laboratory for Research and Development of Medicines and Natural Products, RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, ali.jaber.2@ul.edu.lb
Prof. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, husniyekayalar@gmail.com
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi Dan Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Mulyarta I Gede Sri , Sudjana I Made , Agustina Arik 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja, motivasi dan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan di Desa Visesa Ubud Resort secara parsial dan simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitaif dengan mengolah data primer melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada karyawan di departemen Front Office, Food & Beverage dan Housekeeping Desa Visesa Ubud Resort. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Sampel yang diperoleh yaitu sebanyak 88 responden, jumlah ini didapatkan setelah menggunakan metode slovin dari total populasi 112 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas, uji linearitas, uji autokolerasi, uji multikolinearitas, uji heterokedastisitas) dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan lingkungan kerja, motivasi dan kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dimana nilai dari uji F didapatkan nilai Fhitung 20,546 > Ftabel 2,71 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Secara parsial lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan (0,000<0,05) terhadap kinerja karyawan, dimana thitung 3,625 > ttabel 1,98861. Motivasi kerja berpengaruh tidak signifikan (0,153>0,05) terhadap kinerja karyawan, dimana thitung 1,443 < ttabel 1,98861. Kepemimpinan berpengaruh tidak signifikan (0,970>0,05) terhadap kinerja karyawan, dimana thitung 0,038 < ttabel 1,98861.

This study aims to determine the effect of work environment, motivation and leadership on employee performance in Desa Visesa Ubud Resort partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative method by processing primary data through questionnaires given to employees in the Front Office, Food & Beverage and Housekeeping departments at Desa Visesa Ubud Resort. Sampling using simple random sampling. The samples obtained were 88 respondents, this number was obtained after using the slovin method from a total population of 112 people. The data analysis used is the classical assumption test (normality test, linearity test, autocorrelation test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test) and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that simultaneously the work environment, motivation and leadership had a significant effect on employee performance, where the value of the F test obtained Fcount 20.546 > Ftable 2.71 and a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Partially, work environment has a significant effect (0.000 <0.05) on employee performance, where tcount 3.625 > ttable 1.98861. Work motivation has no significant effect (0.153> 0.05) on employee performance, where tcount 1.443 < ttable 1.98861. Leadership has no significant effect (0.970 > 0.05) on employee performance, where tcount 0.038 < ttable 1.98861.
Analisis Proses Rekrutmen dan Penempatan Karyawan Capella Ubud
Authors: Permana Made Isa Wahyu , Sanjaya I Wayan Kiki , Rinayanthi Ni Wayan 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi disebabkan oleh banyaknya karyawan yang mengundurkan diri dan lama mendapatkan penggantinya di hotel Capella Ubud yang menjadi awalan peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian langsung di lapangan. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan dalam bentuk data deskriftif kualitatif dan metode pengumpulan data yang di gunakan yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa proses rekrutmen yang dilakukan mulai dari melakukannya perencanaan sumber daya manusia dari Departement Head hingga membuka lowongan pekerjaan yang di mulai dari internal perusahaan keudian hingga ke eksternal perusahaan melalui situs – situs online yang terpercaya dan media sosial, melakukan wawancara pertama bersama HRD untuk melakukan proses rekrutmen. HRD bertugas untuk mengisi Evaluatian Form.

This research was motivated by the number of employees who resigned and had a long time to find replacements at the Capella Ubud hotel, which became the starting point for researchers to conduct direct research in the field. Data analysis techniques were carried out in the form of qualitative descriptive data and the data collection methods used were interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the recruitment process starts from doing human resource planning from the Department Head to opening job vacancies starting from internal companies then to external companies through trusted online sites and social media, conducting the first interview together. HRD to carry out the recruitment process. The selection process is that an employee who has passed the test with HRD will conduct a second interview test with the Department Head and HRD. HRD is tasked with filling out the Evaluatian Form.
Estimating Ground Motion Intensities Using Simulation-Based Estimates of Local Crustal Seismic Response
Authors: Agrawal Himanshu , McCloskey John 
Published: September 2023

It is estimated that 2 billion people will move to cities in the next 30
years, many of which possess high seismic risk, underscoring the
importance of reliable hazard assessments. Current ground motion models
for these assessments typically rely on an extensive catalogue of events
to derive empirical Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs), which
are often unavailable in developing countries. Considering the
challenge, we choose an alternative method utilizing physics-based (PB)
ground motion simulations, and develop a simplified decomposition of
ground motion estimation by considering regional attenuation
(Δ) and local site amplification (A),
thereby exploring how much of the observed variability can be explained
solely by wave propagation effects. We deterministically evaluate these
parameters in a virtual city named Tomorrowville, located in a 3D
layered crustal velocity model containing sedimentary basins, using
randomly oriented extended sources. Using these physics-based empirical
parameters (Δ and A), we evaluate the
intensities, particularly Peak Ground Accelerations (PGA), of
hypothetical future earthquakes. The results suggest that the estimation
of PGA using the deterministic decomposition exhibits a robust spatial
correlation with the PGA obtained from simulations within Tomorrowville.
This method exposes an order of magnitude spatial variability in PGA
within Tomorrowville, primarily associated with the near surface geology
and largely independent of the seismic source. In conclusion, advances
in PB simulations and improved crustal structure determination offer the
potential to overcome the limitations of earthquake data availability to
some extent, enabling prompt evaluation of ground motion intensities.
Clinical Tooth Color Matching: In Vivo Comparisons of Digital Photocolorimetric and Spectrophotometric Analyses
Authors: Philippi AG , Sabatini GP , Freitas MS , Oshima SN , Tango RN , Gonçalves TMSV 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY

Objective
This study aimed to compare the tooth color matching of two dental colorimetric methods: the spectrophotometric analysis (SPM) and the standardized digital photocolorimetric analysis (DPC).

Methods
The color of 60 maxillary central incisors of 30 volunteers (22.5 ± 7.6 years) was analyzed. In the DPC method, tooth photographs were standardized with the eLABor_aid protocol, processed with Adobe Photoshop Lightroom software, and the values of L*, a*, and b* were obtained with a Digital Color Meter software. For the SPM, L*, a*, and b* were measured directly with a handheld spectrophotometer. Data were submitted to paired t-test and Pearson correlation test (α=0.05). Mean color difference between the two methods was calculated with CIELAB formula.

Results
All color coordinates revealed different values when comparing DPC to SPM in the same tooth (p&lt;0.0001). Mean color difference (ΔEab) between SPM and DPC was 11.5 ±3.1. A positive correlation was observed for L* (R2=0.73,p&lt;0.0001), a* (R2=0.31, p=0.017), and b* (R2=0.83, p&lt;0.0001).

Conclusions
Even though the color coordinate values were different in both methods, they were correlated, revealing that the DPC is a viable alternative to determine the tooth color matching.
Daily, Weekly and Monthly Variation in Lunch Time Calories
Authors: Skatova Anya , Stewart Neil , Flavahan Edward , Goulding James 
Published: September 2023

Introduction & BackgroundDespite the level of attention that healthy and unhealthy eating receive from academic research, policymakers and the wider public, objective data on food consumption is limited. This is because studies of individual eating patterns using food diaries are subject to underreporting, particularly by people who are overweight. For example, the UK population is estimated to consume between 30% to 50% more calories than they report in surveys. New data sources such as office canteen ordering systems and individual records of supermarket transactions recorded through supermarket loyalty or bonus cards offer larger and potentially more robust data on real world individual eating behaviours.
Objectives & ApproachWe used 2,831,403 machine-recorded ‘meal deal’ transactions from 205,781 individuals over the course of one year from one of the UK’s largest suppliers of lunch time foods to investigate whether there is a relationship between patterns of choice and higher calorie consumption. A meal deal comprises three items; a main (e.g., a sandwich or a salad), a snack (e.g., crisps, fruit or a chocolate bar) and a drink (e.g., a smoothie or a bottle of water). In contrast to diary studies or aggregate transactional data from supermarkets, our dataset included “meal deal’ purchase which is highly likely to be made by an individual for their own consumption or soon afterwards.
Relevance to Digital FootprintsLunch time food consumption can reflect the overall diet the individual is exposed to, helping to understand population level patterns of people’s food choices through a type of digital footprints data - shopping history records.
ResultsControlling for gender, general index of variety in the choice of lunch food items, income and education, we found that individuals who vary in their calorie consumption most across the time of day, day of the week, and month of the year are the individuals who consume the greatest number of calories overall. These time sensitivity effects are large, together explaining a substantial amount of variance in calorie consumption. Time sensitivity effects are strongly correlated across all three time scales suggesting they measure a stable underlying trait.
Conclusions & ImplicationsIndividuals vary calorific composition of their lunch over time of the day, day of the week and month of the year by 100 calories per meal between highest and lowest in sensitivity which is about 9% of the recommended amount of lunchtime calories. Those whose consumption varies the most with time consume the most calories, independently of income and gender. The variation in calories at all three time scales demonstrates the properties of an individual disposition. These findings can be used to understand why and when people make unhealthy food choices.
SODIUM ALGINAT SEBAGAI BAHAN FORMULASI GRANULAR NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN, Steinernema sp.
Authors: Sucipto Irwanto 
Published: September 2023

Salah satu alternatif yang berpotensi sebagai agen hayati untuk hama Lepidiota stigma Fabr. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)adalah nematoda entomopatogen karena aman, aktif mencari inang, memiliki kisaran inang yang luas dan ramah lingkungan. Meskipun juvenil infektif nematoda entomopatogen dapat disimpan selama beberapa bulan di air dalam refrigator, biaya yang mahal dan kesulitan mempertahankan kualitas menjadi penghalang pada metode ini. Jadi, biasanya nematoda diformulasikan dalam bentuk padat atau semi padat setelah diproduksi. Salah satu metode formulasi yang dapat digunakan adalah formulasi gel alginat. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tiga variabel yaitu ketahanan bentuk formulasi gel alginat, viabilitas dan virulensi Steinernema sp. isolat lokal pada formulasi gel alginat. Ketahanan bentuk formulasi ditentukan dengan mengukur ukuran formulasi menggunakan alat pengukur (penggaris). Viabilitas nematoda ditentukan dengan membandingkan jumlah nematoda hidup (per gram granul dan per 10 gram granul) sedangkan virulensi nematoda ditentukan dengan menghitung persentase kematian L. stigma dan Tenebrio molitor pada setiap perlakuan. Pengamatan ketahanan bentuk formulasi, viabilitas dan virulensi tersebut diamati setiap minggu selama 2 bulan setelah pembuatan formulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi gel alginat akan lebih stabil dan tahan lama apabila disimpan pada suhu 200C. Kombinasi jenis isolat dan suhu penyimpanan untuk formulasi gel alginat yang terbaik adalah penggunaan Steinernema sp.isolat Kediri yang disimpan pada suhu 200 C karena viabilitasnya lebih tinggi daripada isolat lainnya