bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing Strategy at Middle Star Hotels in Makassar City
Authors: Hamka Rezky Amalia , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Arwin Arwin 
Published: August 2023

This study aim For analyze the marketing strategy implemented by the Middle Star Hotels in face competition. This study is study qualitative in nature descriptive. Population in this study is internal and external parties external from Middle Star Hotels, meanwhile informant study this is Sales Executive, Senior Human Resource Office, and two Customers. Data collection techniques are carried out with technique observation and interview. Data analysis technique used is SWOT analysis, that is something tool analysis used for formulate a strategy or identification various factor strategic based on internal factors as well external. This study results show that position on the Cartecius Diagram appear that Middle Star Hotels located in cell I with use an aggressive strategy, with a winning strategy cost, with give cheap price, so increase power buy consumer, this show that Middle Star Hotels face a number of opportunity and have various propelling force for get opportunities. Meanwhile, the position of Middle Star Hotels on the internal external matrix is also in cell I, namely position grow and develop or is in integration vertical which is position very competitive market in business powerful hospitality competitive tall between star hotels three other.
Direct and Indirect Care of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Burden on Providers and Impact of Portal Messages
Authors: Mahmoud Rola , Callahan Katie , Schell Doug , Carron Suzanne , Chahin Salim 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) indirect patient-care time is often underreported and uncompensated. Data on time spent on indirect and direct care by MS providers is lacking.

METHODS:
A survey was designed to understand the practice patterns among MS providers in the United States, including time spent on direct and indirect patient care, as well as managing electronic medical record portal messages. The National MS Society and the American Academy of Neurology facilitated the distribution of the survey to MS providers.

RESULTS:
Most providers spent at least 1 hour on new and at least 30 minutes on follow-up direct patient care. For indirect patient care, 77% of providers spent more than 1 hour and 57% spent more than 2 hours per day. While some providers have support staff to help with portal messages, many do not have protected time or compensation for portal messages.

CONCLUSIONS:
Multiple sclerosis providers spent a higher-than-average time on direct and indirect patient care tasks, including portal messages, and most lack protected time or compensation for portal messages. These results highlight the potential impact of indirect patient care (notably portal messages) on provider workload and burnout. Better support, protected time and/or compensation for indirect patient care can help ease physician burden and decrease burnout.
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) improves ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Cong , Zhou Dawang , Zhang Qiang , Wei Hongyan , Lu Yuanzheng , Li Bo , Zhan Haohong , Cheng Jingge , Wang Chuyue , Yang Yilin , Li Shuhao , Hu Chunlin , Liao Xiaoxing 
Published: August 2023

Background
Adverse left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) compromises cardiac function and increases heart failure risk. Until now, comprehension of the role transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays after MI is limited.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of TFEB on fibroblasts differentiation and extracellular matrix expression after MI.

Methods
AAV9 (adeno-associated virus) mediated up- and down-regulated TFEB expressions were generated in C57BL/6 mice two weeks before the MI modeling. Echocardiography, Masson, Sirius red staining immunofluorescence, and wheat germ agglutinin staining were performed at 3 days, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after MI modeling. Fibroblasts collected from SD neonatal rats were transfected by adenovirus and siRNA, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), immunofluorescence, wound healing and Transwell assay were conducted. Myocardial fibrosis-related proteins were identified by Western blot. PNU-74654 (100 ng/mL) was used for 12 hours to inhibit β-catenin-TCF/LEF1 complex.

Results
The up-regulation of TFEB resulted in reduced fibroblasts proliferation and its differentiation into myofibroblasts in vitro studies. A significant up-regulation of EF and down-regulation of myocyte area was shown in the AAV9-TFEB group. Meanwhile, decreased protein level of α-SMA and collagen I were observed in vitro study. TFEB didn’t affect the concentration of β-catenin. Inhibition of TFEB, which promoted cell migration, proliferation and collagen I expression, was counteracted by PNU-74654.

Conclusions
TFEB demonstrated potential in restraining fibrosis after MI by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Telemedicine Visits in US Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Ulyte Agne , Mehrotra Ateev , Wilcock Andrew D. , SteelFisher Gillian K. , Grabowski David C. , Barnett Michael L. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceTelemedicine in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) has the potential to improve access and timeliness of care. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 to 2022, telemedicine coverage expanded, but little is known about patterns of use in SNFs.ObjectiveTo describe patterns of telemedicine use in SNFs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used 2018 to 2022 Medicare fee-for-service claims and Minimum Data Set 3.0 records to identify short- and long-term care SNF residents. Clinician visits were grouped into routine SNF visits (ie, regular primary care within SNF) and other outpatient visits (ie, with non-SNF affiliated primary and specialty care clinicians). Using a difference-in-differences approach, assessments included whether off-hours visits (measured as weekend visits), new specialist visits, psychiatrist visits, or visits for residents with limited mobility changed differentially between 2018 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021 for SNFs with high compared with low telemedicine use in 2020.ExposureTelemedicine adoption at SNF after 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber and proportion of telemedicine SNF and outpatient visits.ResultsAcross 15 434 SNFs and 4 463 591 residents from the period January 2019 through June 2022 (mean [SD] age, 79.7 [11.6] years; 61% female in 2020), telemedicine visits increased from 0.15% in January 2019 to February 2020 to 15% SNF visits and 25% outpatient visits in May 2020. By 2022, telemedicine dropped to 2% of SNF visits and 8% of outpatient visits. The proportion of SNFs with any telemedicine visits annually dropped from 91% in 2020 to 61% in 2022. The facilities with high telemedicine use were more likely to be rural (adjusted odds ratio vs urban, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.77 to 2.40). Psychiatry visits differentially increased in high vs low telemedicine-use SNFs (20.2% relative increase; 95% CI, 1.2% to 39.2%). In contrast, there was little change in outpatient visits for residents with limited mobility (7.2%; 95% CI, −0.1% to 14.6%) or new specialist visits (−0.7%; 95% CI, −2.5% to 1.2%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of SNF residents, telemedicine was rapidly adopted in early 2020 but subsequently stabilized at a low use rate that was nonetheless higher than before 2020. Higher telemedicine use in SNFs was associated with improved access to psychiatry visits in SNFs. A policy to encourage continued telemedicine use may facilitate further access to important services as the technology matures.
Agent‐Based Modeling
Authors: Johnson Liz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An agent‐based model (ABM) is a characterization and depiction of social phenomena that allows for the visualization of distributed, heterogeneous agent movements and interactions over time in the form of computer simulations. ABMs combine elements of complexity science, game theory, emergence, and evolutionary computer programming to generate social phenomena simulation. They can account for simple, complicated, complex, and complex adaptive phenomena in social systems. They can capture non linearity, self‐organization, emergence, adaptation, and feedback in research. ABMs are one of the most generalized frameworks for simulating complexity of social phenomena and a method for studying systems comprised of interdependent, interacting agents and emergent outcomes that arise from aggregate interactions.
Agonistic Democracy
Authors: Norval Aletta J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Agonistic political theory follows the Greeks in taking contest and struggle to stand at the heart of politics, and seeks to work out the consequences of this insight for thinking about democracy, political subjectivity, the ethos of politics, and our relation to political norms and institutions. In “Homer's Contest” Nietzsche offers an interpretation of Greek culture that foregrounds a life of struggle and of victory as legitimate and as a source of joy. Drawing on Hesiod's
Works and Days
, Nietzsche draws a distinction between Eris as a goddess who leads men to fight hostile wars of extermination, and Eris who stirs men to the action of contest. Conflict, he points out, is treated as a precondition for the well‐being of the state. It is also a precondition for developing the capacities of citizens. “Every talent,” Nietzsche suggests, “must unfurl itself struggling.” The core of the Hellenic concept of contest is that “it abhors sovereign mastery, and fears its dangers; it desires, as
protection
against the one genius – a second genius”. As a consequence, while valuing conflict, agonism sets limits to competition, for, without it, one would have only the violent world of the evil Eris.
Alfarabi (870–950)
Authors: Butterworth Charles E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUncertainty about Alfarabi's place of birth and the early years of his life notwithstanding, there is general agreement that he was born in about 870 beyond the Oxus River – either in Fārāb, Kazakhstan or Faryāb, Turkestan. His full name is Abū Naṣr Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ṭarkhān Ibn Awzalagh al‐Fārābī. In the course of his life, Alfarabi resided in Bukhara, Marv, Harran, Baghdad, Aleppo, Cairo, and Damascus – where he died in 950. The son of an army officer in the service of the Samanids, Alfarabi studied Islamic jurisprudence and music in Bukhara. He then journeyed to Marv and began to study Aristotelian logic with Nestorian Christian monks, most notably, Yūḥannā Ibn Ḥaylān.
Aristocracy
Authors: Bandoch Joshua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

A form of government in which the “best” rule. The term “aristocracy” derives from the Greek
aristokratia
, with
aristos
meaning “excellent” and
kratos
meaning “power.” The most important question centers on defining who the “best” are. Historically, one usually attained aristocratic status through birth or through “blood,” almost always only passing through males. It also was possible to attain aristocratic status by amassing enough wealth to buy an aristocratic title (and the land associated with it); often this was coupled with marrying recognized aristocrats to cement the newcomer's status as an aristocrat, which usually took three generations. Indeed, blood or wealth (or both) defined aristocratic status for much of history.
Aristotle (384–322 BCE)
Authors: Collins Susan D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAristotle's influence in the history of political thought is surpassed perhaps by only one other philosopher, his teacher Plato. These two thinkers form the main branches of the tradition inaugurated by Plato's own teacher Socrates, a tradition that has shaped political thought from classical antiquity to the present. Aristotle himself was known as “the Philosopher” across the Islamic, Jewish, and Christian worlds of the medieval era and even in the period in which his thought seemed moribund, following the attacks of his greatest modern antagonist, Thomas Hobbes, it remained a powerful alternative to a modern tradition that rejected its central tenets. Today Aristotle's thought enjoys robust life in schools of virtue ethics, natural law, neo‐Aristotelian political theory, and various forms of communitarianism and republicanism.
Austin, J. L. (1790–1859)
Authors: James Stephen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnglish legal philosopher John Austin – a nervous, obsessive perfectionist prone to depression – spent five years in the British army (1806–11) before unsuccessful stints at the London bar (1818–25) and as the inaugural professor of jurisprudence at the University of London (1826–32). Strongly influenced by the utilitarian Jeremy Bentham, in his sole bookThe Province of Jurisprudence DeterminedAustin argued that jurisprudence is confined to the study of positive (i.e., human‐made) law, and pays special attention to its language, concepts, logic, and classifications. Austin famously defined “positive law” as a general command given directly or indirectly by a determinate, indivisible sovereign to a subject who would suffer an “evil” (i.e., a sanction) if s/he did not comply. These positive laws, or laws “properly” or “strictly so called,” had to be distinguished from laws “improperly so called,” a broad subset of which he termed “positive morality.”
Autonomy
Authors: McGovern Patrick 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe concept of autonomy is central to understanding the various accounts of personhood, moral obligation, and responsibility, and how social and political policies and theories might be justified. It is a central concept in questions concerning social intervention in public and social policy education, welfare, and various medical policies and procedures. It is clear that definitions of autonomy form the nucleus of much of the debate over same‐sex marriage, the right to die, medical intervention, drug policy, and abortion legislation, to name just a few. Autonomy, as embodying the idea that humans author the rules and laws by which they govern themselves, is a central concept of modern political thought and debate.
Bachrach, Peter (1918–2007)
Authors: Jungkunz Vincent 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sometimes, an academic discipline needs to be challenged so as to make studying its subject matter more, not less, complicated. Peter Bachrach, an American political scientist whose work on power dynamics redefined the way scholars researched politics, helped initiate just such a challenge to his discipline. In fact, his article “Two Faces of Power” (written with Morton Baratz) continues to be the most cited scholarly article in the field of political science. To understand his wide and enduring influence, it is necessary to examine the intellectual context from which his critical theorization of power emerged.
Biopower/Biopolitics
Authors: Coole Diana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The concepts of biopower and biopolitics are now used extensively by political theorists. They refer to the broad field in which biological factors are drawn into the social domain as targets of political intervention and sites of ethical contestation. As knowledge of living matter and power over the components and conditions of human life move biological factors out of the realm of divine or natural fate, so individual bodies and entire populations have become integrated into new rationalities of governing. Here they are subjected to intrusive techniques of self‐discipline and regulative control; drawn into mass warfare that places life itself at risk but also into mass welfare regimes that enhance it; utilized in economic systems where biophysical capacities are exploited and recalibrated. Such is the domain of biopower.
Blackstone, William (1723–80)
Authors: Carrese Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWilliam Blackstone was an English jurist and author ofCommentaries on the Laws of England(1765–9), a leading work of law and jurisprudence as well as indispensable authority for the framers of American state and federal constitutions. Blackstone inaugurated university study of English common law (versus civil or Roman law), and thus is father of the Anglo‐American legal profession educated in university law schools. TheCommentaries’ systematic statement of basic legal principles and individual rights, along with summaries of both statute and common‐law case law, made it the basic legal text in the Anglo‐American world for a century. After 1776 the new American constitutions enacted Blackstone's principles of a moderate constitutionalism devoted to liberty, including separation of powers, bills of rights, and independent courts within a complex, balanced constitution.
Bobbio, Norberto (1909–2004)
Authors: Terchek Ronald J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The leading Italian neorealist, Norberto Bobbio, focuses on the promises, necessity, vulnerabilities, and failures of liberal democracy. Like conventional realists, Bobbio makes power the basic ingredient of politics, but unlike many realists, he associates power with normative standards, particularly democracy and freedom. For him, power is not a neutral phenomenon but a force that can enable or disable. Power is not lodged only in the state but rather is dispersed throughout society.
Burke, Edmund (1729–97)
Authors: O'Neill Daniel I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEdmund Burke was an eighteenth‐century Anglo‐Irish author and statesman popularly known as the founding father of modern conservatism. His workReflections on the Revolution in France(1790), is regarded as the most important writ in the conservative canon. In this sense, Burke serves as the wellspring for a theoretical tradition every bit as rich as liberalism or Marxism, and is the foremost touchstone for a political ideology that has become increasingly important since the 1950s. However, the assessment of Burke as an icon of conservatism is complicated by several factors. First, the term “conservative” did not enter Anglophone political discourse until the nineteenth century, well after Burke's death. Second, Burke never wrote a systematic treatise on politics, preferring instead to respond in pamphlets, public letters, speeches, and personal correspondence to the political controversies of his day. This means that any attempt to construct a broader political philosophy from Burke's utterances must necessarily abstract to some extent from his particular concerns, in order to draw out their wider and more general significance. Third (and perhaps because of this), scholars have strongly disagreed with one another about the central political message(s) of Burke's oeuvre, with the consensus that he was in fact a “conservative” emerging triumphant only in the twentieth century, largely as the product of post‐World War II scholarship. Today, that consensus is itself under assault from some scholarly quarters. Nevertheless, these caveats and disagreements must be balanced against Burke's own deep concern to demonstrate that his life's work was intellectually coherent.
Caesaropapism
Authors: Kalkandjieva Daniela 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The term “caesaropapism” is used to signify a specific mode of church–state relations where the secular power presides over the religious one and the state ruler functions as the head of the church. Though historically established in countries that have rejected the jurisdiction of the Roman pope, mainly England under Henry VIII and the German and Scandinavian states after the Reformation, this model is broadly associated with countries dominated by Eastern Orthodox Christianity (Orthodoxy).
Censorship
Authors: De Wilde Marc 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Censorship is the suppression or changing of speech or writing that is considered to be harmful to the public good. The concept derives from the Latin
censor
, an office that was established in Rome in 443 bce. The censor was responsible for conducting the census, that is, counting and registering Roman citizens, and had the authority to review the membership of the citizen body and its various social ranks, demoting those deemed morally unworthy. Thus, from its ancient origins, the concept of censorship had political connotations: through censorship the membership of the political community and the entrance to its institutions were regulated and controlled.
Chartism
Authors: Niemi William L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
British Chartism was the first national working‐class movement for democracy. Chartism was named for supporters of the People's Charter, a document for constitutional reform published in 1838 as the product of a year of collaboration at ongoing political meetings at the Crown and Anchor Tavern on the Strand in London. William Lovett of the London Workingmen's Association was principal author; he then helped establish the political campaign. The six points of the People's Charter were universal (male) suffrage, equal electoral districts, abolition of the property requirement for members of parliament, payment for members of parliament, annual elections, and the secret ballot.
Coalition Theory
Authors: Debus Marc 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Politics and policy‐making in modern democracies imply the search for compromises. In doing so, members of parliament with similar policy positions can form short‐term coalitions to increase the chances that their law proposals are supported by a majority in the legislature. While the latter behavior of parliamentary representatives can often be observed in presidential systems, the government in parliamentary systems needs the support of a majority in the legislature, either to get into or to remain in office. In order to win stable majorities in parliaments over a longer time period, the parliamentary groups of political parties can either form legislative coalitions that agree on specific policy goals, so that a minority government is supported by a parliamentary majority, or they form executive coalitions where the coalition parties are also represented in the government and, thus, additionally have to agree on the distribution of ministerial posts.
Collective Action
Authors: Stone Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA group engages incollective actionwhen its members coordinate their behavior in a way that benefits all of them. This collective action may, from the standpoint of outsiders to the group, prove desirable or undesirable. A group of rebels must engage in collective action in order to overthrow a tyrannical dictator. So must a group of Mafia hoodlums seeking to keep their activities clandestine.
Common Sense Philosophy
Authors: Hill Lisa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe so‐called philosophy of “common sense” was a school of epistemology pioneered by Claude Buffier (1661–1737) but developed and popularized by thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, particularly Thomas Reid (1710–96) and his followers Dugald Stewart (1753–1828), James Beattie (1735–1803), and Sir William Hamilton (1788–1856). Twentieth‐century proponents include G. E. Moore, Alvin Plantinga, and Nicholas Wolterstorff.