bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current advances in non‐viral gene delivery systems: Liposomes versus extracellular vesicles
Authors: Belhadj Zakia , Qie Yunkai , Carney Randy P. , Li Yuanpei , Nie Guangjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the past decade, nucleic acid‐based drugs have emerged as an extremely promising approach for silencing specific disease‐related genes and targeting undruggable ones. However, most nucleic acid drug therapies have not advanced to clinical practice due to their poor stability against serum enzyme degradation and cytotoxicity. Nanoscale drug delivery vehicles show potential to improve efficacy of nucleic acid drugs via targeted delivery to disease‐causing genes, yet, safe and efficient nanocarriers remain elusive. Lipid‐based nanoparticles such as liposomes (LSs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are among the most extensively exploited nanoscale vehicles for therapeutic cargo delivery. LS‐based nucleic acid therapies have been used for several years, with many already adopted to the clinic. More recently, EVs hold considerable promise as nucleic acid delivery vehicles due to their high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and the inherent abilities to interact with target cells and cross biological barriers. Moreover, a novel LS/EV hybrid gene delivery system has been engineered to preserve the benefits of both systems and generate an advanced drug delivery system. The current review focuses specifically on LS‐ and EV‐based gene therapies and provides the key advantages and shortcomings of these systems with particular emphasis on their potential use as therapeutic vectors.
The differential effects of sarcopenia and cachexia on overall survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients following pancreatectomy: A retrospective study based on a large population
Authors: Shen Xiao‐ding , Wang Xing , Zheng Zhen‐jiang , Chen Yong‐hua , Tan Chun‐lu , Liu Xu‐bao , Ke Neng‐wen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesBoth cachexia and sarcopenia have been considered adverse predictors for prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer; although sarcopenia and cachexia share some similarities, they are still defined as distinct nutritional conditions. We aimed to explore the differential impacts of sarcopenia and cachexia on prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients following radical excision.MethodsFrom January 2015 to May 2022, 614 patients undergoing surgery for PDAC were retrospectively included. Sarcopenia was defined as the L3 total skeletal muscle index below 52.4 cm2/m2 (men) and 38.5 cm2/m2 (women). Cachexia was classified according to the following criteria: involuntary weight loss >5% over the past 6 months, or weight loss >2% and BMI <20 kg/m2, or weight loss >2% and sarcopenia.ResultsOf the 614 patients included in the analysis, 62% and 48% were diagnosed with sarcopenia and cachexia, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that sarcopenia and/or cachexia were significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) rather than worse recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Moreover, Cox regression analysis revealed that cachexia rather than sarcopenia was an adverse factor for OS in all PDAC patients. For poorly differentiated PDAC, both cachexia and sarcopenia were significantly associated with shorter OS. However, for moderately/well‐differentiated PADC, cachexia was an independent factor for adverse OS, but not sarcopenia.ConclusionsSarcopenia and cachexia have different effects on OS for PDAC patients undergoing radical excision. This difference may provide some important information for preoperative management.
Glycosphingolipid and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Affect Each Other in and on the Cell
Authors: Guo Zhongwu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlycosphingolipid (GSL) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) are the two major glycolipids expressed by eukaryotic cells, and their metabolisms share the same machineries. Moreover, both GSLs and GPI‐anchored proteins (GPI‐APs) are localized in the cholesterol‐rich regions, namely the lipid rafts, of the cell membrane, where many other signaling molecules are compartmentalized as well. Therefore, the interaction between GSLs and GPI‐APs and their interactions with other molecules in the lipid rafts are inevitable. This review is focused on the influences of GSLs and GPI‐APs on each other's biosynthesis, trafficking, cell membrane distribution, and biological functions, such as signal transduction.
The use of CytoSorb® in a prasugrel‐loaded patient undergoing emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Moresco Erich , Dejaco Hannes , Humbert Volker , Thoma Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), failed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and with an indication for emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) are at an increased risk of perioperative bleeding. Integration of the CytoSorb® (CS) adsorber into the cardiopulmonary bypass appears to bind prasugrel and minimize the risk of perioperative bleeding.
Electrochemical Reduction of Diarylketones and Aryl Alkenes
Authors: Bi Ce , Zhao Xiangyu , Jia Zhiqi , Chang Yongxin , Yang Hang , Song Mengyuan , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yahui , Qing Guangyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe reduction of ketones or alkenes is an attractive and challenging task in organic chemistry and has widespread applications in the production of fine chemicals, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, vitamins, and functional materials. Classical reduction methods usually require the use of potentially dangerous hydrogen and the reaction under high temperature and pressure conditions, so environmentally friendly, economical, simple, and safe reduction methods are urgently needed. This paper innovatively reports a method for the electrochemical reduction of diarylketones or aryl alkenes in a mixed solvent system of CH3CN/THF. The reaction proceeds smoothly, and the corresponding products are obtained in high yields. The mechanistic study shows that the reaction is a free radical reaction, and reveals the necessity of CH3CN solvent, which plays the three roles of solvent, proton donors, and reactant at the same time. Furthermore, the high yield of the gram‐scale experiment successfully confirmed the potential industrial application of this electrochemical method.
Effect of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of people with post‐COVID‐19 condition: A rapid review
Authors: Saif‐Ur‐Rahman K. M. , Kothari Kavita , Sadlier Corinna , Moriarty Frank , Movsisyan Ani , Whelan Sean , Taneri Petek E. , Blair Matthew , Guyatt Gordon , Devane Declan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the treatment of post‐coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) condition (PCC). This article examines the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for treating people with PCC.MethodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials. gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Two independent review authors screened citations, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. Due to heterogeneity in participants, interventions, and outcomes, we synthesized data narratively. We assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation).ParticipantsPeople with PCC.InterventionsPharmacological interventions include corticosteroids, ivabradine, and inhaled hydrogen.Outcome MeasuresOlfactory function, sinus tachycardia, respiratory function.ResultsWe identified 5 completed studies and 41 ongoing studies. Oral corticosteroids and olfactory training had higher olfactory scores after 10 weeks (MD: 5.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41 to 9.79). Patients allocated oral corticosteroid, and nasal irrigation demonstrated improved recovery of olfactory function compared with the control group at 40 days (median 60, interquartile range [IQR]: 40 vs. median 30, IQR: 25, p = 0.024). Patients allocated to topical corticosteroid nasal spray and olfactory training had improved recovery of olfactory function after 2 weeks (median 7, IQR: 5−10 vs. median 5, IQR: 2−8, p = 0.08). Participants allocated to ivabradine had a greater mean reduction in heart rate compared with participants randomized to carvedilol (MD: −4.24, 95% CI: −10.09 to 1.61). Participants allocated to inhaled hydrogen therapy had an improved vital capacity (MD: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.33), forced expiratory volume (MD: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.34), 6‐minute walk test (MD: 55.0, 95% CI: 36.04 to 73.96).ConclusionsThe evidence is of low to very low certainty about the effect of all pharmacological interventions investigated for the treatment of people with PCC. There is currently a significant body of research underway that could expand the evidence to inform treatment decisions on pharmacological interventions for PCC.
Waxberry‐Like MnS/Ni3S4as High‐Efficiency Bi‐Functional Catalyst for Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Fan Wenping , Li Guangda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a waxberry‐like MnS/Ni3S4composite catalyst was designed and synthesized. In this coating structure, MnS is located inside and Ni3S4is wrapped on the surface to form a spherical structure. This structure makes the material show excellent stability in the electrocatalytic process. The diffusion staggered region structure formed at the two‐phase interface greatly enhances the synergistic interaction between MnS and Ni3S4. At the same time, the defects and vacancies formed by the diffusion mechanism at the interface of the two phases increase the active site and improve the interfacial electron transfer kinetics. Therefore, MnS/Ni3S4composites showed good catalytic performance for ORR/OER. At 10 mA cm−2, the overpotential of it is only 320 mV, and the half‐wave potential can reach 0.81 V. The catalyst also exhibited extraordinary cycle stability and small voltage gap when used as cathode of Zn‐air batteries. When the current density is 3 mA cm−2, the cyclic discharge can be stable for 400 h and the voltage difference between the front and back does not increase more than. When the current density increases to 5 mA cm−2, the cyclic charge and discharge can be stable for more than 300 h.
Sparkling Organic Phosphorescence from Fluorinated Tetrathia[7]helicenes: Synthesis and Photophysical, Electrochemical and Computational Studies
Authors: Bossi Alberto , Mussini Patrizia R. , Farinola Gianluca , Penconi Marta , Cauteruccio Silvia , Thompson Mark E. , Licandro Emanuela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStructure‐property correlations in the thiahelicene family are often not trivial beacuse most of the functional groups present on the helical scaffold modify the conjugation size of the π‐system. Selecting fluorine‐containing groups to provide strong inductive effects without interacting with low‐lying orbitals of the system could be the way to overcome the issue. Here we report a study on three fluorine‐functionalized tetrathia[7]helicenes, highlighting interesting correlations between the position of the functional groups and the conjugated skeleton properties. Helicenes Heli‐F2 and Heli‐CF‐F2 were prepared by photoinduced isomerization‐electrocyclization (the Mallory photocyclization) of the corresponding fluorinated benzodithienyl‐ethenes Alk‐F2 and Alk‐CF‐F2, which were prepared in high yields through stereo‐conservative Stille reaction. Notably these helicenes were found to display green phosphorescence around 530–550 nm, and the studies suggest an efficient spin‐orbit coupling mechanism in these high‐energy triplet nonplanar conjugated molecules. Both helicenes and their precursors were thoroughly characterized by means of optical and electrochemical measurements, while DFT calculations enable a rationale on their structure‐property correlations to be defined.
A Playground for Heavy Atom Tunnelling: Neutral Substitutional Defect Rearrangement from Diamondoids to Diamonds
Authors: Sedgi Itzhak , Kozuch Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany diamond properties are defined by substitutional defects (i. e., a carbon atom replaced by another element), which may involve the formation of structural isomers that can interconvert. Herein, we analysed by computational means the structure, thermodynamics, and kinetics of substitutional nitrogen, boron, and oxygen from small diamondoids up to the diamond bulk, focusing on the possibility of heavy atom quantum tunnelling rearrangement between the isomers. The large range of threshold energies and bond lengths lead to a variety of intriguing behaviours, including cage size dependent thermally activated tunnelling of nitrogen, and quantum delocalization of boron. In addition, we predict that applying an external electric field makes it possible to control the rearrangement thermodynamics and kinetics through tunnelling, which lets us hypothesize that these systems can potentially be used as atomic memory devices.
Alternative Construction of the Core of Lindenane Sesquiterpenoid
Authors: Ling Cichang , Huang Zhengsong , Zhou Yuqiao , Fu Shaomin , Liu Bo 
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive SummaryAlternative synthetic routes toward the tricyclic core of lindenane sesquiterpenoid are presented herein. The route A features an asymmetric organocatalysis enabling desymmetric silylation of diol to establish the desired tertiary alcohol, while the route B consists of an acetate ring opening of chiral epoxy moiety. The common intermediate (16) in both routes can give rise to the core of lindenane sesquiterpenoid via an intramolecular cyclopropanation.
Say where you sample: Increasing site selection transparency in urban ecology
Authors: Dyson Karen , Dawwas Emad , Poulton Kamakura Renata , Alberti Marina , Fuentes Tracy L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrban ecological studies have the potential to expand our understanding of socioecological systems beyond that of an individual city or region. Cross‐comparative empirical work and synthesis are imperative to develop a general urban ecological theory. This can be achieved only if studies are replicable and generalizable. Transparency in methods reporting facilitates generalizability and replicability by documenting the decisions scientists make during the various steps of research design; this is particularly true for sampling design and selection because of their impact on both internal and external validity and the potential to unintentionally introduce bias. Three interdependent aspects of sample design are study sample selection (e.g., specific organisms, soils, or water), sample specification (measurement of specific variable of interest), and site selection (locations sampled). Of these, documentation of site selection—the where component of sample design—is underrepresented in the urban ecology literature. Using a stratified random sample of 158 papers from 12 major urban ecology journals, we investigated how researchers selected study sites in urban ecosystems and evaluated whether their site selection methods were transparent. We extracted data from these papers using a 50‐question, theory‐based questionnaire and a multiple‐reviewer approach. Our sample represented almost 45 years of urban ecology research across 40 different countries. We found that more than 80% of the papers we read were not transparent in their site selection methodology. We do not believe site selection methods are replicable for 70% of the papers read. Key weaknesses include incomplete descriptions of populations and sampling frames, urban gradients, sample selection methods, and property access. Low transparency in reporting the where methodology limits urban ecologists' ability to assess the internal and external validity of studies' findings and to replicate published studies; it also limits the generalizability of existing studies. The challenges of low transparency are particularly relevant in urban ecology, a field where standard protocols for site selection and delineation are still being developed. These limitations interfere with the fields' ability to build theory and inform policy. We conclude by offering a set of recommendations to increase transparency, replicability, and generalizability.
The role of prey and predator identity in eliciting inducible defenses of Daphnia
Authors: Gu Lei , De Meester Luc , Yang Zhou 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPredators can modify population and community dynamics not only through direct predation, but also through nonconsumptive effects. Predator‐induced changes in the traits of prey species are important components of these nonconsumptive effects. While these are well studied in simplified one‐predator one‐prey settings, relatively little is known about how kairomones act on prey across heterogeneous aquatic ecosystems with diverse identities of predator and prey. Kairomones are, to some extent, predator specific, and can be classified as diet dependent or diet independent. This classification depends on whether the identity of the prey plays a role in eliciting a defense response. In an effort to elucidate how prey and predator identity determines the defense responses in water fleas, we used inducible morphology and life history traits of Daphnia mitsukuri as a model to systematically explore to what extent predator and prey identity, and species composition of the prey community determined the expression of inducible defenses, and to what extent predator‐induced responses differed among genotypes. Our results showed that the defense responses of D. mitsukuri mainly relied on diet‐dependent kairomones, which were not influenced by fish species identity but were highly dependent on the phylogenetic distances between D. mitsukuri and the prey ingested by fish. This phylogenetic signal is strong, with D. mitsukuri responding only to the kairomones of fish that feed on cladocerans. We also found that the amplitude of the responses to fish kairomones increased with the amount of cladoceran in the dietary community. We observed significant differences in defensive traits among three D. mitsukuri genotypes, but the differences were minor compared with the effects of kairomones themselves. The results of our systematic analyses point to the role of prey phylogeny in eliciting inducible defenses of D. mitsukuri, thereby enriching our understanding of nonconsumptive effects in aquatic ecosystems.
A keystone avian predator faces elevated energy expenditure in a warming Arctic
Authors: Grunst Melissa L. , Grunst Andrea S. , Grémillet David , Kato Akiko , Bustamante Paco , Albert Céline , Brisson‐Curadeau Émile , Clairbaux Manon , Cruz‐Flores Marta , Gentès Sophie , Grissot Antoine , Perret Samuel , Ste‐Marie Eric , Jakubas Dariusz , Wojczulanis‐Jakubas Katarzyna , Fort Jérôme 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change is transforming bioenergetic landscapes, challenging behavioral and physiological coping mechanisms. A critical question involves whether animals can adjust behavioral patterns and energy expenditure to stabilize fitness given reconfiguration of resource bases, or whether limits to plasticity ultimately compromise energy balance. In the Arctic, rapidly warming temperatures are transforming food webs, making Arctic organisms strong models for understanding biological implications of climate change‐related environmental variability. We examined plasticity in the daily energy expenditure (DEE) of an Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle) in response to variability in climate change‐sensitive drivers of resource availability, sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice coverage (SIC), and tested the hypothesis that energetic ceilings and exposure to mercury, an important neurotoxin and endocrine disrupter in marine ecosystems, may limit scope for plasticity. To estimate DEE, we used accelerometer data obtained across years from two colonies exposed to distinct environmental conditions (Ukaleqarteq [UK], East Greenland; Hornsund [HS], Svalbard). We proceeded to model future changes in SST to predict energetic impacts. At UK, high flight costs linked to low SIC and high SST drove DEE from below to above 4 × basal metabolic rate (BMR), a proposed energetic threshold for breeding birds. However, DEE remained below 7 × BMR, an alternative threshold, and did not plateau. Birds at HS experienced higher, relatively invariable SST, and operated above 4 × BMR. Mercury exposure was unrelated to DEE, and fitness remained stable. Thus, plasticity in DEE currently buffers fitness, providing resiliency against climate change. Nevertheless, modeling suggests that continued warming of SST may promote accelerating increases in DEE, which may become unsustainable.
Fluorescence Ratiometric Antibiotic Detection with a Single Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Shuo , Zhao Zhongqiu , Wu Shuangyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAntibiotic residues are currently an increasing threat for human health and the ecosystem, and specific and rapid real‐time sensing of antibiotics is a big challenge. To realize specific sensing by rapid fluorescent sensors, a lanthanide metal‐organic framework (MOF) containing dual emissive centers has been developed with high sensing selectivity and sensitivity. Owing to the self‐calibration ability, the dual‐center Tb‐MOF exhibits higher selectivity towards furazolidone (FZD) and nitrofural (NZF) among the reported MOF sensors. Additionally, the corresponding ratiometric detection mode also realized specific sensing of other tested antibiotics. Besides, the single‐Tb3+‐based dual‐emission MOF in this work is expected to support the development of fluorescent sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity for environmental safety purposes.
Outcomes following a multi‐disciplinary pediatric‐to‐adult transition and transfer clinic at a level four epilepsy center
Authors: Vickery Selina S. , Maturu Sarita , Khandker Nabil , Eisner Mariah , Twanow Jaime‐Dawn E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTransition and transfer from the pediatric to adult care model is crucial to the continued long‐term health and well‐being of patients impacted by life‐long diseases. This project explores the impact of a novel epilepsy transition collaboration between Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) and Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of 56 consecutive patients transferred to an adult health care system. These patients were divided into two groups. A cohort of 23 patients transferred in 2019 prior to clinic implementation were compared to a cohort of 33 consecutive patients transferred in 2019 and early 2020 using the epilepsy transition and transfer clinic model. Data points of interest included demographic information, age at transfer, epilepsy diagnosis, pharmacoresistance of epilepsy, surgical history and compliance with follow‐up.ResultsPatients transferred to OSU through the transition clinic were statistically more likely to be followed at OSU (p = .037) within 6 months (p = .013). Additionally, there was improved patient retention at OSU following transition clinic implementation (p = .037).SignificanceData demonstrating statistically significant improvement in care has not been reported for an epilepsy transition clinic. This study establishes that our novel approach improves continuity of care in this at‐risk population. Our clinic model also successfully transitioned and transferred medically complex patients, including those with pharmacoresistant and/or genetically mediated epilepsy. Additionally, this work suggests that this clinic structure has potential to foster the growth of associated adult epilepsy subspecialty practices. These findings are encouraging as they offer potential for improved health care in the youth and young adult epilepsy population.