bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Inter-Hospital Transfer of Children to PICUs in the United Kingdom: Qualitative Exploration of Parents’ Experiences of Retrieval Teams*
Authors: Evans Ruth E. C. , Barber Vicky , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Davies Patrick , Wray Jo ,   on behalf of the DEPICT Study Group
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Each year in the United Kingdom there are around 5,000 inter-hospital transfers of critically ill children into PICUs. There are few published descriptions of what this experience is like for parents. The objective was to describe parents’ experiences of the inter-hospital transfer of their critically ill child to a PICU.

DESIGN:
Qualitative in-depth interviews.

SETTING:
Twenty-four PICUs in England and Wales.

PARTICIPANTS:
Parent interview participants (n = 30) were purposively sampled from a larger pool of parent questionnaire respondents to create a sample diverse in child’s age, presenting medical illness, retrieval team and whether a parent traveled in the ambulance.

MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS:
Open-ended semi-structured interviews using topic guides to encourage parents to describe their experiences of transfer. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using Framework Analysis. Parents’ perceptions of transport staff as confident and competent through observation of clinical care, and positive communication experiences during the transfer process, were related to feelings of trust and being supported, as well as relief from distress. Parents varied in their needs for conversation and support. Parents who did not travel in the ambulance had fewer opportunities to interact with the transport team and experienced different challenges in the period prior to their child’s admission to the PICU.

CONCLUSIONS:
Retrieval teams can influence how parents experience their child’s emergency transfer to the PICU, offering parents proximity to knowledgeable staff. Satisfaction may be related to matching parents’ needs. Understanding parents’ needs and optimizing opportunities for effective communication between parents and staff are beneficial to parents.
Validity of the Adrogué-Madias Formula for the Management of Acute Dysnatremias in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Assadi Farahnak , Azarfar Anoush , Bazargani Behnaz , Derakhshan Ali , Abassi Arash , Mehrkash Mehryar , Moghtaderi Mastaneh , Basiratnia Mitra , Mazaheri Mojgan , Safaeiasl Afshin , Eskandarifar Alireza , Sharbaf Fatemeh Ghane , Badeli Hamidreza , Naghshizadian Rama 
Published: May 2023

Validity of the Adrogué-Madias formula for the management of acute dysnatremias in critically ill children: a prospective multicenter analysis.

Objective
Current conventional formulas do not predict the expected changes in serum sodium after administration of various fluids to correct serum sodium abnormalities. The Adrogué-Madias formula is currently the preferred and widely used fluid prescription for adult patients with dysnatremias, but its therapeutic efficacy has not been validated in pediatric patients.

Methods
In this prospective study, we used the Adrogué-Madias formula for calculating the appropriate rate of various fluids administration to correct serum sodium abnormalities in 7 critically ill children with acute dysnatremias.

Results
After administration of various intravenous fluids using the Adrogué-Madias formula, the anticipated as well as the achieved sodium concentrations were almost similar.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the use of the Adrogué-Madias quantitative formula allows to calculate the appropriate rate of administration of various fluids. The calculated fluid administration resulted in the subsequent actual laboratory values and clinical changes.
Comparing Insetting Techniques When Using the Vascularized Fibula Flap for Extremity Oncologic Defect Reconstruction in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Mueller Melissa A. , Mericli Alexander F. , Roubaud Margaret S. , Liu Jun , Adelman David , Lewis Valerae O. , Lin Patrick P. , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Extremity reconstruction in skeletally immature patients presents unique challenges in terms of operative technique, bone healing, and limb function. A variety of insetting techniques have been described, with no clearly superior option. We hypothesized that vascularized fibula flaps placed in the intramedullary space are associated with shorter union times and better functionality compared to onlay flaps.

Methods:
In a cohort study, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all pediatric patients who underwent fibula flap extremity reconstruction at a single center from 2001 through 2018. Patient comorbidities, complications, and outcomes were analyzed. Complete fibula union was based on radiographic evidence of significant cortical bridging.

Results:
Thirty-three patients with a mean age of 13.6 years (range, 2-18 years) underwent pedicled (n=7) or free (n=26) fibula flap reconstructions in 12 upper extremities and 21 lower extremities. Median follow-up was 69.5 months (IQR: 16.3-114.6). Onlay and intramedullary fibula position compared to intercalary placement (median 13.5 and 14.6 vs. 3.4 months, p=0.002) were associated with longer time to complete bone union. Complications including allograft fracture (p=0.02) and hardware removal (p=0.018) were also associated with longer time to complete union and eventual conversion to megaprothesis (p=0.02, p=0.038). Thirty-two patients (97%) achieved full union and a functional reconstruction.

Conclusions:
Fibula flap reconstruction is safe and effective for pediatric long bone reconstruction. Longer fibula union times were associated with onlay and intramedullary fibula placement, allograft fracture, and hardware removal.
Subcutaneous and Muscle Metastases From Rectal Adenocarcinoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Yin Hongyan , Yu Haojun , Shi Hongcheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A 50-year-old man with T4 N2 M1 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection, and subsequent chemotherapy. Six months after surgery, routine follow-up CT revealed the presence of abdominal wall subcutaneous nodules associated with bilateral pulmonary and renal nodules, indicating metastases. Further 18F-FDG PET/CT scan revealed a high number of subcutaneous and muscle metastases. Metastasis of rectal adenocarcinoma to subcutaneous tissue or skeletal muscle is considered rare.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Uptake in Cutis Verticis Gyrata
Authors: Şahin Özlem , Karakaşoğlu Cennet Cansel , Erol Çağlagül , Daye Munise 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scan for restaging revealed increased 68Ga-PSMA uptake in cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) in a patient with prostate cancer. Cutis verticis gyrata is an uncommon disorder in which the scalp thickens and mimics the cerebral cortex with deep grooves and folds. Several studies have demonstrated 68Ga-PSMA uptake in noncancerous conditions. This case illustrates another instance of a benign illness accompanied by increased 68Ga-PSMA uptake.
Incidental Detection of Dual Spinal Meningiomas on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Masquerading as Metastatic Disease in a Patient With Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Hod Nir , Levin Daniel , Tiktinsky Katerina , Lantsberg Sophie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Simultaneous occurrence of multiple meningiomas of the spine appearing at different neuroaxial levels is extremely rare event. We present the scintigraphic findings of incidentally detected multiple meningiomas of the spine on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT during the evaluation of a patient with pulmonary carcinoid tumor. These scintigraphic findings could result in a “false-positive” interpretation by exhibiting highly increased uptake similar to that of metastases of neuroendocrine neoplasm. Nuclear medicine physicians should be aware of this potential pitfall in somatostatin receptor imaging to prevent misinterpretation.
18F-FDG PET and MRI Evaluation of Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis
Authors: Moradiya Krunal R. , Patel Parth Y. , Dalal Ishani 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Autoimmune limbic encephalitis (paraneoplastic or nonparaneoplastic) is a rare condition involving autoantibodies against intracellular or cell-surface proteins of neurons. Patients typically present with acute and progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although the criterion standard for diagnosis remains detection of autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid, there are characteristic imaging features that can aid in diagnosis, notably abnormalities in the bilateral medial temporal lobes on imaging, particularly with nuclear imaging. Here, we present 18F-FDG PET findings of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a 65-year-old man.
FDG PET/CT in Primary Retroperitoneal Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Otsuka Isao , Honma Koichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrimary retroperitoneal tumors are rare. Of these, primary retroperitoneal serous carcinoma is extremely rare, with only 15 cases having been reported. A 62-year-old woman presented with abdominal bloating. PET/CT demonstrated 2 tumors showing increased FDG uptake lateral and medial to the right common iliac vessels, without other abnormal uptake. A laparotomy revealed no ascites or abnormalities except a myomatous uterus in the peritoneal cavity. After surgical removal of these retroperitoneal tumors, the patient received adjuvant paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy and remained well for 80 months. This case points to the significance of18F-FDG PET/CT in determining the nature of retroperitoneal tumors.
The role of selective attention in Chinese emotional word processing: evidence from event-related potentials
Authors: Gao Xuan , Sui Xue , Li Yutong 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
This study seeks to explore the interaction between ignored valence and attended valence in the processing of Chinese emotion words.

Methods
The experimental materials utilized in this study consisted of Chinese emotion words. Participants were instructed to observe the words and press a key when presented with target words. Additionally, the electroencephalographic responses of the participants were recorded during the experiment.

Results
The results showed that emotional nontarget words elicited greater amplitude of the N170 in the attend-emotion words block compared to the attend-neutral words block. Negative nontarget words produce greater amplitude of the late posterior positivity compared to positive nontarget words. In addition, emotional nontarget words were influenced by both ignored and attended valence, whereby positive nontarget words resulted in larger amplitude of the N170 component in the attend-negative block compared to the attend-neutral block. The modulation pattern for negative nontarget words was evident on the left hemisphere.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that emotional nontarget words received greater attentional resources in the attend-emotion words block during the early stages of processing, compared to the attend-neutral word block. Additionally, during the later stages of processing, negative nontarget words were more likely to be processed than positive nontarget words. Overall, these results provide support for the evaluation space model.
Commensal lifestyle regulated by a negative feedback loop betweenArabidopsisROS and the bacterial T2SS
Authors: Entila Frederickson , Han Xiaowei , Mine Akira , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Tsuda Kenichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the plant health-promoting effects of plant microbiota, these assemblages also comprise potentially detrimental microbes. How plant immunity controls its microbiota to promote plant health under these conditions remains largely unknown. We found that commensal bacteria isolated from healthyArabidopsisplants trigger diverse patterns of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via the NADPH oxidase RBOHD that selectively inhibited specific commensals, notablyXanthomonasL148. Through random mutagenesis, we found that L148gspE, encoding a type II secretion system (T2SS) component, is required for the damaging effects ofXanthomonasL148 onrbohDmutant plants.In plantabacterial transcriptomics revealed that RBOHD suppresses most T2SS gene expression includinggspE. L148 colonization protected plants against a bacterial pathogen, whengspEwas inhibited by ROS or mutation. Thus, a negative feedback loop betweenArabidopsisROS and the bacterial T2SS tames a potentially detrimental leaf commensal and turns it into a microbe beneficial to the host.
Lifestyle transitions in basidiomycetous fungi are reflected by tRNA composition and translation efficiency of metabolic genes
Authors: Guerreiro Marco Alexandre , Yurkov Andrey , Nowrousian Minou , Stukenbrock Eva H 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFungi are ubiquitous and inhabit every known terrestrial habitat. Pathogenic fungi are highly diverse, and recent years have seen an uprise in the emergence of new pathogens on crops, animals and humans. The order Trichosporonales (Tremellomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota) harbours saprobic and a few opportunistic human pathogenic species. These emerging pathogens cause superficial skin irritations, as well as invasive life-threatening infections. Yet, little is known about their evolution, ecology, virulence mechanisms and transition to pathogenic lifestyles. In this study we aimed to determine genomic signatures associated with lifestyle transitions, virulence and host/substrate specialization among 30 Trichosporonales species from a total of 41 genome sequences. We used comparative analyses of genome content, including gene functional categories, repetitive element content and tRNA composition among saprotrophic and reported opportunistic human pathogens. A genome-scale phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that even though the different genera are monophyletic, opportunistic pathogenic species are present in distantly-related clades. Statistical analyses showed that differences in genome structure among species did not correlate with predicted lifestyles. Intriguingly, we found that tRNA content varied widely across species (from 51 to 1455 manually curated tRNA genes). The expansion was independent from the phylogenetic structure. Opportunistic pathogenic species showed an overall increased efficiency in the translation of genes associated with host colonization (i.e. lipid metabolism), while exclusively saprotrophic species showed an increase translation efficiency for genes associated with a saprotrophic lifestyle (i.e. carbohydrate metabolism). This pattern was consistent among distantly-related saprotrophic and pathogenicCryptococcusspecies (order Tremellales). In conclusion, our analyses link genomic information with ecology and fungal lifestyles across an entire order. We find evidence for an evolutionary scenario where distinct habitats select for an optimized translation of genes involved in successful proliferation in the respective habitat. We predict that lifestyles are not strictly defined by gene repertoires, but also by expression profiles in fungal pathogens.
Comparative Analysis of TG/CA Repeats in Sixteen Primate Genomes Reveals the Dynamics and Role of TG/CA Repeats in the Human Genome
Authors: Malwe Aditya S. , Mondal Samuel , Harlapur Pradyumna , Sharma Vineet K 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmong the different microsatellite sequences found in the human genome, the dinucleotide TG/CA repeats are one of the most abundant, exhibiting multifaceted functional roles. Availability of several primate genomes offers relevant datasets for studying the evolution and function of these repeats in non-human primates and human genome. Using pairwise genomic alignments, genome-wide analysis of these repeats was performed in human and sixteen other primate genomes. The total number of these repeats and expansion of medium (12≤ n< 23) and long (n≥23) (TG/CA)nrepeats was significantly higher in human than other primates. Further, other dinucleotide repeats like TA were found in the orthologous genomic regions in other primates. Thus, selection, elongation and a selective process of conversion of other dinucleotide repeats in primates to TG/CA repeats in humans was apparent and presented in this study as a comprehensive model for the dynamics and role of TG/CA repeats in the human genome.
Dysbiosis of a leaf microbiome is caused by enzyme secretion of opportunisticXanthomonasstrains
Authors: Pfeilmeier Sebastian , Werz Anja , Ote Marine , Bortfeld-Miller Miriam , Kirner Pascal , Keppler Andreas , Hemmerle Lucas , Gäbelein Christoph G. , Pestalozzi Christine M. , Vorholt Julia A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDysbiosis is characterized by a perturbed microbiota associated with host disease. In both plants and animals, the innate immune system contributes to maintain microbiota homeostasis in healthy organisms, with NADPH oxidases playing a crucial role. InArabidopsis thaliana, the absence of NADPH oxidase RBOHD can lead to an altered leaf microbiota, including an enrichment of opportunisticXanthomonaspathogens. It is currently unclear whether the microbiota change occurs independently of the opportunistic pathogens or is caused by the latter, and which virulence factors ofXanthomonasare essential for its opportunistic lifestyle. Here, we found that the opportunisticXanthomonasstrains secrete a cocktail of cell wall degrading enzymes via the type-2 secretion system (T2SS) that degrade leaf tissue and promoteXanthomonasgrowth during plant infection. Both disease severity and leaf degradation activity were increased inrbohDcompared to Col-0 plants, attesting to the opportunistic behaviour of theXanthomonasstrains on immune compromised plants. Using gnotobiotic plant experiments with a synthetic bacterial community of more than 100 commensal strains and drop-in ofXanthomonaswildtype or mutant strains revealed that T2SS-dependent virulence is required for plant disease and for the shift in microbiota composition. Overall, our data indicate that a single opportunistic pathogen can drive community shifts, here caused by tissue damage in leaves, creating an environment in which specific commensal bacteria can thrive.
Gas extraction under intertidal mudflats is associated with declines in sediment grain size and minor changes in macrozoobenthic community composition
Authors: Barra Paula de la , Aarts Geert , Bijleveld Allert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn intertidal environments, land subsidence may change the local flooding regime and sediment composition, two main drivers of the macrozoobenthic community structure. In the Dutch Wadden Sea, a UNESCO world heritage site, gas extraction has resulted in an average subsidence of up to 2 mm y-1of intertidal mudflats. These mudflats support a highly productive macrozoobenthic community, which offers important resources for birds and fishes. To what extent land subsidence due to gas extraction affects sediment and macrozoobenthos remains unknown and increasingly important given sea level rise.Taking advantage of a monitoring program, we evaluated the effect of anthropogenically caused land subsidence on sediment composition and intertidal macrozoobenthos. Nearly 4600 points were sampled yearly (2008-2020) across the Dutch Wadden Sea, allowing us to compare sediment composition and macrozoobenthos biomass within and outside the subsidence area while controlling for the main drivers of these variables. We also compared population trends within and outside the subsidence area for 31 species with different habitat use in terms of depth and sediment composition.Sediment median grain size decreased in the subsided area at 1 µm y-1while on average remaining constant in other intertidal mudflats. Mud fraction was 3% higher within the subsided area throughout the studied period. This had no effect on the total biomass of macrozoobenthos. The biomass of species that use deeper areas increased within the subsidence area compared to outside, and the opposite was true for species using shallower places, but comparable patterns were also found in an area not affected by subsidence.Changes in median grain size could be happening, and minor changes in macrozoobenthic community composition. For a successful implementation of the “hand on the tap” principle in the Wadden Sea, it is necessary to define beforehand the relevant variables that represent the natural values, implement proper monitoring, and define threshold values above which effects are not acceptable. We propose median grain size, mud fraction and macrozoobenthic biomass as good measures of the natural values of the Wadden Sea, and the methods used here as a way for identifying anthropogenic effects on them.
Distinct guard cell specific remodeling of chromatin accessibility during abscisic acid and CO2 dependent stomatal regulation
Authors: Seller Charles A. , Schroeder Julian I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn plants, epidermal guard cells integrate and respond to numerous environmental signals to control stomatal pore apertures thereby regulating gas exchange. Chromatin structure controls transcription factor access to the genome, but whether large-scale chromatin remodeling occurs in guard cells during stomatal movements, and in response to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in general, remain unknown. Here we isolate guard cell nuclei fromArabidopsis thalianaplants to examine whether the physiological signals, ABA and CO2, regulate guard cell chromatin during stomatal movements. Our cell type specific analyses uncover patterns of chromatin accessibility specific to guard cells and define novel cis-regulatory sequences supporting guard cell specific gene expression. We find that ABA triggers extensive and dynamic chromatin remodeling in guard cells, roots, and mesophyll cells with clear patterns of cell-type specificity. DNA motif analyses uncover binding sites for distinct transcription factors enriched in ABA-induced and ABA-repressed chromatin. We identify the ABF/AREB bZIP-type transcription factors that are required for ABA-triggered chromatin opening in guard cells and implicate the inhibition of a set of bHLH-type transcription factors in controlling ABA-repressed chromatin. Moreover, we demonstrate that ABA and CO2induce distinct programs of chromatin remodeling. We provide insight into the control of guard cell chromatin dynamics and propose that ABA-induced chromatin remodeling primes the genome for abiotic stress resistance.Significance statementSpecialized leaf cells called guard cells integrate environmental cues to optimally control the size of microscopic stomatal pores. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA), a key regulator of plant drought responses, and changes in atmospheric CO2concentration are signals that control stomatal aperture size, but whether these signals also regulate genome packaging into chromatin is unknown. Using guard cell specific chromatin profiling we uncovered regulatory DNA sequences driving specific gene expression in this cell-type. We also discovered that ABA triggers extensive and persistent changes to chromatin structure in guard cells. Unexpectedly, exposure of plants to elevated atmospheric CO2had only minimal impact on chromatin dynamics. Furthermore, we identified the specific transcription factors that regulate ABA-induced chromatin dynamics in guard cells.