bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Trends Among Adolescents in Surakarta City During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fathimatuzzahrah Hanifah , Widardo Widardo , Ayu Sari Amelya Augusthina 
Published: May 2023

<p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>Restrictions on activities outside the home due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including schools, can influence dietary profiles, especially those of adolescents. The effort to suppress COVID-19 transmission changes Adolescents’ lifestyles, physical activity, and eating behavior towards deterioration endangers their health, and increases the risk of degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and other NCDs that can exacerbate COVID-19 disease. This study aims to explore nutritional modifications during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years, compared with their usual diets before the pandemic, and identify variables that may correlate with the changes. </p><p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Methods</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected by online questionnaire and interviews on food intake, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity among 96 adolescents from Surakarta City. We used the Wilcoxon test and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparative analysis.</p><p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Result</strong><strong>s: </strong>The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic modified insignificantly the dietary intake, BMI, and physical activity. In particular, we recorded and analyzed the modified consumption of main dishes (p=0,745), side dishes (p=0,082), vegetables (p=0,000), fruits (p=0,528), snacks (p=0,128), and beverages (p=0,046) using Wilcoxon's analysis (p&lt;0,005). In addition, the Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed that gender, BMI, and physical activity had varied comparisons with dietary intake during COVID-19.</p><p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic had an insignificant impact on changes in dietary intake which were not significantly affected by gender, BMI, and physical activity in adolescents in Surakarta City.</p>
Relation of NLR Value and Mortality Rate in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Roestanajie Jarwoto , Ali Shodikin Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Neonatal sepsis is a significant issue for newborns everywhere and causes a large amount of morbidity and mortality. Various indicators of newborn sepsis are expensive and occasionally unavailable in peripheral hospitals. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is affordable, is a component of complete blood counts and does not call for further testing. This study intended to investigate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of neonatal mortality rate in the local hospital in rural locations.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: This study sampled newborns with sepsis in the perinatal room of dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember for this cross-sectional study, from January 2021 to June 2022. NLR is calculated by manually dividing the number of neutrophils by the actual number of lymphocytes. Our neutrophil and lymphocyte data were obtained from the patient's lab results. This study analyzed neonatal sepsis NLR data using Spearman analysis to find the relation between NLR value and mortality rate of neonatal sepsis.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: This study obtained 43 data on neonatal sepsis in the perinatology ward during this period. The data found to show that 37 neonatal sepsis survived and 6 died. The collected data analysis found that the lowest NLR neonatal sepsis is 0.4, the highest NLR neonatal sepsis is 25.6 and the mean value for NLR neonatal sepsis in perinatology was 3.88. This study found no correlation between the NLR value of the sepsis neonate and the neonatal mortality rate Sig. (2-tailed) 0.662.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: In this study demonstrated no correlation between the NLR value of the sepsis neonates and the neonatal mortality rate.</p>
Design and performance of a repetition rate controllable and wavelength tunable L + U-band actively mode-locked erbium fiber laser
Authors: Kanwal Benish , Atieh Ahmad , Ghafoor Salman , Sajid Muhammad , Mirza Jawad 
Published: May 2023

Mode-locked lasers draw great interest in the laser research field due to their diverse applications and easy achievement of ultra-short and high-intensity optical pulse trains. Actively mode-locked (AML) fiber lasers are more flexible compared to passively mode-locked fiber lasers owing to their ability to control repetition rates and pulse intervals electronically. The design and development of wavelength tunable AML fiber lasers operating beyond the C-band have attracted great attention from the research community. In this paper, a repetition rate controllable and wavelength tunable L+U-band AML erbium fiber laser (AML-EFL) based on a single standard 1480 nm pump laser and Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) as an intra-cavity intensity modulator is demonstrated using numerical simulation. The AML-EFL is created using a MZM driven by electrical Gaussian pulses and a tunable optical bandpass filter that is used to tune the laser cavity at any wavelength in the 1565–1645 nm range. The repetition rate of the AML-EFL is controlled from 500 kHz to 1 GHz. Trains of pulses with pulse widths of 103 ns and 50 ps and pulse intervals of 2 µs and 1 ns are successfully generated at repetition rates of 500 kHz and 1 GHz, respectively. A pulse energy of 626 nJ is obtained for a 500 kHz repetition rate. Signal-to-noise ratios of 30 and 32 dB are observed for trains of mode-locked pulses with repetition rates of 500 kHz and 1 GHz, respectively. In addition, slope efficiencies of around 66% for an L-band wavelength of 1582.1 nm and 30% for a U-band wavelength of 1633.6 nm are obtained considering the optimized parameters.
The feasibility and acceptability of integrating hepatitis C and HIV diagnostic testing on centralized molecular laboratory platforms in Myanmar
Authors: Naing Thandar Su , Yee Win Win , Aung Hlaing Thazin , Oo Khin Yi , Tint Khin San , Boeke Caroline E. , Chan Yuhui , Witschi Magdalena , Nwe Nwe , Markby Jessica , Shilton Sonjelle , Aung Khin Sanda , Oo Htun Nyunt , Aye Moe Myat , Htay Tin Tin 
Published: May 2023

Background
In Myanmar, 1.3 million people have been exposed to hepatitis C (HCV). However, public sector access to viral load (VL) testing for HCV diagnosis remains limited; ten near-point-of-care (POC) devices are available nationally. Myanmar’s National Health Laboratory (NHL) has surplus capacity on centralized molecular testing platforms used for HIV diagnostics, presenting an opportunity for integrating HCV testing to expand overall testing capacity. This pilot assessed the operational feasibility and acceptability of HCV/HIV integrated testing implemented with a comprehensive package of supportive interventions.

Methods
HCV VL samples were collected prospectively from consenting participants at five treatment clinics and tested at Myanmar’s NHL (October 2019-February 2020) on the Abbott m2000. To optimize integration, laboratory human resources were bolstered, staff trainings were offered, and existing laboratory equipment was serviced/repaired as needed. Diagnostics data during the intervention period were compared against HIV diagnostics data in the seven months prior. We conducted three time and motion analyses at the laboratory and semi-structured interviews with laboratory staff to assess time needs and program acceptability.

Results
715 HCV samples were processed during the intervention period with an average test processing time of 18 days (IQR: 8–28). Despite adding HCV testing, average monthly test volumes were 2,331 for HIV VL and 232 for early infant diagnosis (EID), comparable to the pre-intervention period. Processing times were 7 days for HIV VL and 17 days for EID, also comparable to the pre-intervention period. HCV test error rate was 4.3%. Platforms utilization increased from 18.4% to 24.6%. All staff interviewed were supportive of HCV and HIV diagnostics integration; suggestions were made for broader implementation and expansion.

Conclusions
With a package of supportive interventions, integration of HCV and HIV diagnostics on a centralized platform was operationally feasible, did not adversely impact HIV testing, and was acceptable to laboratory staff. In Myanmar, integrated HCV VL diagnostic testing on centralized platforms may be an important addition to existing near-POC testing in expanding national testing capacity for HCV elimination.
Early spontaneous cessation of subdural drainage after burr hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma and risk of recurrence
Authors: Hjortdal Grønhøj Mads , Jensen Thorbjørn Søren Rønn , Johannsson Bjarni , Fugleholm Kåre , Rom-Poulsen Frantz 
Published: May 2023

Objective
Subdural drainage reduces recurrence after evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). In the present study, the authors investigated the dynamics of drain production and potentially contributing factors for recurrence.

Method
Patients treated with a single burr hole evacuation of CSDH between April 2019 and July 2020 were included. Patients were also participants in a randomized controlled trial. All patients included, had a passive subdural drain for exactly 24 hours. Drain production, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and degree of mobilization was recorded every hour for 24 hours. A CSDH successfully drained for 24 hours is referred to as a “case”. Patients were followed for 90 days. Primary outcome was symptomatic recurrent CSDH requiring surgery.

Results
A total of 118 cases from 99 patients were included in the study. Of the 118 cases, 34 (29%) had spontaneous drain cessation within the first 0–8 hours after surgery (Group A), 32 (27%) within 9–16 hours (Group B), and 52 (44%) within 17–24 hours (Group C). Hours of production (P < 0.000) and total drain volume (P = 0.001) were significantly different between groups. The recurrence rate was 26.5% in group A, 15.6% in group B, and 9.6% in group C (P = 0.037). Multivariable logistic regression analysis show that cases in group C (OR: 0.13, P = 0.005) are significantly less likely to recur compared to group A. Only in 8 of the 118 cases (6.8%), the drain started draining again after an interval of three consecutive hours.

Conclusions
Early spontaneous cessation of subdural drain production seems to be associated with increased risk of recurrent hematoma. Patients with early cessation of drainage did not benefit from further drain time. Observations of the present study indicate personalized drainage discontinuation strategy as a potentially alternative to a specific discontinuation time for all CSDH patients.
A network causal relationship between type-1 diabetes mellitus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and systemic lupus erythematosus: Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Su Kaisheng , Jia Zhifang , Wu Yanhua , Sun Yuanlin , Gao Qi , Jiang Zhenyu , Jiang Jing 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundObservational studies have suggested a relationship between type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In both autoimmunities, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency is common. However, the causality between T1DM, 25-OHD level and SLE remains largely unknown.MethodsIndependent genetic variants associated with T1DM, 25-OHD level, and SLE from the largest genome-wide association studies were used to conduct two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (BIMR) and two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate causal relationship between T1DM, 25-OHD level and SLE, and further multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was used to verify direct causality of T1DM and 25-OHD level on SLE. A series of sensitivity analysis as validation of primary MR results were performed.ResultsConsistent with the results of BIMR, there was strong evidence for a direct causal effect of T1DM on the risk of SLE (ORMVMR-IVW= 1.249, 95% CI = 1.148–1.360,PMVMR-IVW= 1.25×10−5), and 25-OHD level was negatively associated with the risk of SLE (ORMVMR-IVW= 0.305, 95% CI = 0.109–0.857,PMVMR-IVW= 0.031). We also observed a negative causal effect of T1DM on 25-OHD level (ORBIMR-IVW= 0.995, 95% CI = 0.991–0.999,PBIMR-IVW= 0.030) while the causal effect of 25-OHD level on the risk of T1DM did not exist (PBIMR-IVW= 0.106). In BIMR analysis, there was no evidence for causal effects of SLE on the risk of T1DM and 25-OHD level (PBIMR-IVW> 0.05, respectively).ConclusionOur MR analysis suggested that there was a network causal relationship between T1DM, 25-OHD level and SLE. T1DM and 25-OHD level both have causal associations with the risk of SLE, and 25-OHD level could be a mediator in the causality of T1DM and SLE.
STUDY OF FREE AMINO ACIDS AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF COMMON BARLEY GRAINS AND ITS DRY EXTRACT
Authors: Pulatova Dildora Kakhramonovna , Mamasoliev Abrorbek Isroiljonovich , Urmanova Flyura Faridovna , Murotov Shokhbozmirzo Buvajon ogli 
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted studying of free amino acids and elemental composition of common barley grains cultivated in Uzbekistan and its dry extract.
When conducting a comparative analysis of the amino acid composition of barley grains and its dry extract, their identity in qualitative composition was established – 20 amino acids, of which 8 are essential. The presence of all essential amino acids in the studied objects indicates their usefulness and high value as medicinal plant raw materials. It was found that the dry extract by the content of the sum of amino acids (7.71 mg/g) is almost 3 times higher than the grains (2.89 mg/g). But the percentage of the sum of essential amino acids from the total number of amino acids in the dry extract (20.36%) is 1.7 times less than in grains (35.29%).
As a result of the conducted research in common barley grains and dry extract based on them, the presence of 41 mineral elements was found. Toxic heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg, Cd), which are subject to priority control, in the raw materials and dry extract under study are determined within the acceptable values adopted by the World Health Organization and in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIII edition for medicinal plant raw materials and preparations based on it, which indicates their environmental safety.
The obtained data will be in demand for the chemical characterization of raw materials and dry extract and their subsequent standardization.
INVESTIGATION OF MODIFIED CEDAR NUT SHELL-BASED SORBENTS
Authors: Safonova Marija Evgen'evna , Klepalova Irina Andreevna , Maslakova Tat'jana Ivanovna , Pervova Inna Gennad'evna 
Published: May 2023

The investigation was carried out to establish influences of thermal, chemical and thermochemical modifications on compositions of functional groups of the sorbents based on nut shells of the Siberian cedar (Pinus sibirica) and their physical and chemical properties. Samples of natural cedar nut shells (CNS) were thermally-modified at T=300 °С and analyzed by the methods of potentiometric titration and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It has been established that thermally-modified CNS possess 1.5–1.7 and 2.3–4.3 times as many hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the constitution of sorbents grading 0.1–0.5 and 0.55–0.75 mm, respectively, as natural CNS. Chemical modification was carried out in nitric acid solutions with various concentrations (0.5–5n). It has been shown that being treated with 5n HNO3, the samples grading 0.55–0.75 mm possess 3.5 times as many carboxyl groups as natural CNS, while the samples grading 0.1–0.5 possess an increased number of hydroxyl groups only. Thermochemical modification was carried out in 2 stages: first, firing at a temperature of 300 °С, then chemical modification in HNO3 solutions with various concentrations. It has been revealed that this modification results to increasing predominantly hydroxyl groups in the constitution of carbon sorbents. The isotherm of sorption of copper (II) ions by the samples of modified CNS describes microporous solids with a relatively small outer surface, whereas the sorption isotherm of zinc (II) ions describes polymolecular adsorption onto both porous and macroporous adsorbents. The investigation has revealed that the sorbents being chemically and thermochemically modified with 5n nitric acid are most effective to extract copper ions.
Maskulinisasi Ikan Guppy (Poecilia Reticulata) Melalui Metode Perendaman Induk Menggunakan Air Kelapa Dengan Konsentrasi Berbeda
Authors: Novitasari Tasya Alivia , Hidayati Sri , Armando Eric 
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted to analyse the use of coconut water doses to achieve a higher percentage of males in guppy breeding and how it affects the survival of guppy fry. The search took place in Mertoyudan, Magelang district between November 2021 and January 2022. This research plan was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments in this study were immersed in gravid females at 0%; 50%; 55%; and 60% solution concentration of coconut water. The data were analysed using a One Way ANOVA followed by the Least Significant Difference test. Results from the data analysis showed that gravid females were immersed in a coconut water solution increased the percentage of male guppy fry with the addition of coconut water doses used. The highest percentage of male guppy fry was 87.7% achieved in the immersion treatment at a 60% coconut water with a 100% survival rate.Keywords : coconut water, guppy (Poecilia reticulata), guppies gravid female, males in guppy
Reaproveitamento de resíduos alimentares: Desenvolvimento e caracterização de farinha de casca de tangerina (Citrus reticulata)
Authors: Alves Ramos Sabrina , Ferreira de Oliveira Larissa , Ramalho Silva Mauro , Capobiango Michely 
Published: May 2023

Atualmente, muitos estudos têm utilizado os coprodutos (sementes, bagaços e cascas) de frutas para a obtenção de farinhas com o intuito de aproveitar de forma sustentável essas partes que geralmente são desprezadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma farinha a partir de casca de tangerina (FCT) e avaliar as suas propriedades físico-químicas, microbiológicas, compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante. Foram analisados umidade, carboidratos, proteínas, lipídeos, minerais totais e fibras. As análises microbiológicas realizadas foram: bolores, leveduras, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus e Salmonella spp. Todas as análises foram determinadas segundo métodos oficiais. A farinha apresentou teor de umidade dentro dos valores estabelecidos pela norma vigente (6,86%), baixa atividade de água (0,48) e os resultados microbiológicos estavam de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira nos três tempos avaliados (0, 30 e 90 dias). A FCT demonstrou elevado teor de fibras dietéticas (47,17%), compostos fenólicos totais (1389,99 mg AGE 100 g-1) e de atividade antioxidante (DPPH: 12.054.37 µM trolox g-1, ABTS: 84,62 µM trolox g-1 e FRAP: 151,68 µM sulfato ferroso g-1). Conclui-se que a farinha de casca de tangerina apresentou teor de nutrientes que possibilitam seu emprego em produtos alimentícios, visto que possui elevado teor de fibras alimentares e de compostos fenólicos com atividade antioxidante, além de ter se mostrado segura do ponto de vista microbiológico durante todo o período de estudo.
Identification of time delays in COVID-19 data
Authors: Guglielmi Nicola , Iacomini Elisa , Viguerie Alex 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
COVID-19 data released by public health authorities is subject to inherent time delays. Such delays have many causes, including delays in data reporting and the natural incubation period of the disease. We develop and introduce a numerical procedure to recover the distribution of these delays from data.

Methods
We extend a previously-introduced compartmental model with a nonlinear, distributed-delay term with a general distribution, obtaining an integrodifferential equation. We show this model can be approximated by a weighted-sum of constant time-delay terms, yielding a linear problem for the distribution weights. Standard optimization can then be used to recover the weights, approximating the distribution of the time delays. We demonstrate the viability of the approach against data from Italy and Austria.

Results
We find that the delay-distributions for both Italy and Austria follow a Gaussian-like profile, with a mean of around 11 to 14 days. However, we note that the delay does not appear constant across all data types, with infection, recovery, and mortality data showing slightly different trends, suggesting the presence of independent delays in each of these processes. We also found that the recovered delay-distribution is not sensitive to the discretization resolution.

Conclusions
These results establish the validity of the introduced procedure for the identification of time-delays in COVID-19 data. Our methods are not limited to COVID-19, and may be applied to other types of epidemiological data, or indeed any dynamical system with time-delay effects.
The Impact of the German Fuel Discount on Prices at the Petrol Pump
Authors: Seiler Volker , Stöckmann Nico 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the price impact of the fuel discount in Germany, which was introduced between June and August 2022 to partially compensate increased energy costs. Using the augmented synthetic control method (ASCM) to construct the counterfactual, we provide quantitative evidence to the heated debate concerning the impact of this policy tool and find the fuel discount to have decreased consumer prices of petrol (diesel) by at least 0.30 euro per litre (0.10 euro per litre) on average. The results are robust to various sensitivity checks. Thus, oil companies and petrol stations decreased prices for consumers and passed on about 85 % (65 %) of the discount in case of petrol (diesel). Moreover, we do not find signs of excessive price increases in anticipation of the fuel discount.
Theoretical and Legal Perspectives on Energy-Smart Agri-Food Systems: Sustainability and the Right to Food
Authors: Gómez Jorge Freddy Milian , Luis Cordova José Grabiel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This research addresses the theoretical and legal perspectives of energy-smart agri-food systems (ESAFS) concerning sustainability and the right to food. ESAFS supplies self-generated sustainable energy for agricultural production. These are an alternative for reducing agri-food systems’ dependence on fossil fuels and building their resilience against exponential energy prices. There is a scarce legal regulation on the implementation of renewable energy sources in the agri-food sector, which decides the poor theoretical and legal treatment. This research’s main objective is to approach renewable energy sources in agri-food production in Latin America and the Caribbean from a theoretical and legal perspective.
On a Genealogy of the Concept of “South–South Cooperation”
Authors: da Silva Fabricio Pereira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article presents some ideas for a genealogy of the concept of “South–South Cooperation”. It defends a definition of the concept, to the extent that there are several possible understandings of what South–South Cooperation means, which makes it important to make explicit which one we start from. Next, the article proposes an epistemological debate based on the reflections of the Congolese philosopher V.Y. Mudimbe, to relativize and historicize the very notion of “South”. Finally, it makes a brief review of the origins and paths taken by the concept.