bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and diagnosis of melanoma skin cancers in dermoscopic images using pipelined internal module architecture (PIMA) method
Authors: Bharathi G. , Malleswaran M. , Muthupriya V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDetection and diagnosis of melanoma skin cancer is important to save the life of humans. The main objective of this article is to perform both detection and diagnosis of the skin cancers in dermoscopy images. Both skin cancer detection and diagnosis system uses deep learning architectures for the effective performance improvement as the main objective. The detection process involves by identifying the cancer affected skin dermoscopy images and the diagnosis process involves by estimating the severity levels of the segmented cancer regions in skin images. This article proposes parallel CNN architecture for the classification of skin images into either melanoma or healthy. Initially, color map histogram equalization (CMHE) method is proposed in this article to enhance the source skin images and then thick and thin edges are detected from the enhanced skin image using the Fuzzy system. The gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) and Law's texture features are extracted from the edge detected images and these features are optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) approach. Further, the optimized features are classified by the developed pipelined internal module architecture (PIMA) of deep learning structure. The cancer regions in the classified melanoma skin images are segmented using mathematical morphological process and these segmented cancer regions are diagnosed into either mild or severe using the proposed PIMA structure. The proposed PIMA‐based skin cancer classification system is applied and tested on ISIC and HAM 10000 skin image datasets.Research Highlights
The melanoma skin cancer is detected and classified using dermoscopy images.
The skin dermoscopy images are enhanced using color map histogram equalization.
GLCM and Law's texture features are extracted from the enhanced skin images.
To propose pipelined internal module architecture (PIMA) for the classification of skin images.
sRNA21, a novel small RNA, protects Mycobacterium abscessus against oxidative stress
Authors: Tan Zhili , Fan Junsheng , He Siyuan , Zhang Zhemin , Chu Haiqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring infection, Mycobacterium abscessus encounters numerous environmental changes and adapts to them using a variety of complex mechanisms. Non‐coding small RNAs (sRNAs) have been shown in other bacteria to be involved in post‐transcriptional regulatory pathways, including environmental stress adaptation. However, the potential role of sRNAs in the resistance to oxidative stress in M. abscessus was not clearly described.MethodsIn the present study, we analyzed putative sRNAs identified by RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) experiments in M. abscessus ATCC_19977 under oxidative stress, and the transcription profiles of sRNAs with differential expression were verified by quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). Six sRNA overexpression strains were constructed, and the differences in growth curves between these strains and the control strain were verified. An upregulated sRNA under oxidative stress was selected and named sRNA21. The survival ability of the sRNA21 overexpression strain was assessed, and computer‐based approaches were used to predict the targets and pathways regulated by sRNA21. The total ATP production and NAD+/NADH ratio of the sRNA21 overexpression strain were measured. The expression level of antioxidase‐related genes and the activity of antioxidase were tested to confirm the interaction of sRNA21 with the predicted target genes in silico.ResultsIn total, 14 putative sRNAs were identified under oxidative stress, and the qRT‐PCR analysis of six sRNAs showed comparable results to RNA‐seq assays. Overexpression of sRNA21 in M. abscessus increased cell growth rate and intracellular ATP level before and after peroxide exposure. The expression of genes encoding alkyl hydroperoxidase and superoxide dismutase was significantly increased, and superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced in the sRNA21 overexpression strain. Meanwhile, after sRNA21 overexpression, the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio decreased, indicating changes in redox homeostasis.ConclusionsOur findings show that sRNA21 is an oxidative stress‐induced sRNA that increases M. abscessus survival and promotes the expression of antioxidant enzymes under oxidative stress. These findings may provide new insights into the adaptive transcriptional response of M. abscessus to oxidative stress.
All longest cycles in a 2‐connected partial 3‐tree share a common vertex
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 1966 Gallai asked whether all longest paths in a connected graph have nonempty intersection. This is not true in general and various counterexamples have been found. In this paper, we study the related question on longest cycles instead of longest paths (to make the question valid, we require 2‐connectivity). The answer for cycles is also negative and not so much attention has been given to it. Classes for which the answer is known to be positive are dually chordal graphs and 3‐trees. Perhaps the main open class for the question of both paths and cycles is the class of chordal graphs. In this paper, we show that all longest cycles intersect in graphs with treewidth at most three. This class of graphs includes several important subclasses of graphs, such as series‐parallel graphs and ‐free chordal graphs.
An efficient synthesis of new 3,5‐bis(2‐arylthiazol‐4‐yl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives and their antimicrobial evaluation
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Latif N. , Bhoye Manish , Nandurkar Yogesh , Pawar Hari R. , Bobade Vivek , Mhaske Pravin C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new series of 3,5‐bis(2‐arylthiazol‐4‐yl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole (8a–o) has been synthesized by modified reaction conditions. The reaction of ester 7a with N′‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylthiazole‐4‐carboximidamide 6a using NaOH in DMSO gave the formation of product 8a up to 40% yield. In the second method, the reaction with K2CO3 in toluene at reflux conditions gave a 50% yield. In the third method, the reaction condition was modified. The ester 7a was hydrolyzed to acid 9a. The reactions of acid 9a using N,N‐dimethyl amino pyridine (DMAP) in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), followed by the addition of N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl), and then N′‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylthiazole‐4‐carboximidamide 6a, furnished a 65% yield of 8a. The compounds 8b–o were synthesized using DMAP and EDC·HCl as coupling reagents and gave 60%–72% yields. The structure of newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by spectral analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (NCIM 2574), Proteus mirabilis (NCIM 2388), Bacillus subtilis (NCIM2063), Staphylococcus albus (NCIM 2178), Candida albicans (NCIM 3100), and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 504). Among the 8a–o derivatives, eight compounds 8c, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8i, 8j, 8k, and 8l showed good activity S. albus with a MIC 31.25–62.5 μg/mL.
Synthesis and evaluation of the biological activities of novel hybrid isoindol‐1,3‐dione containing an aziridine unit
Authors: Gundogdu Ozlem , Gumus Rasim , Karatas Omer Faruk , Kara Yunus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAziridine‐containing compounds have many biological activities, particularly antitumor, and antibacterial activities, due to the presence of an aziridine ring. The aim of this study was to synthesize four hybrid isoindol‐1,3‐dione analogues containing aziridine units (8a–d) and evaluate their cytotoxic potential against the A549, MCF7, and PC3 cell lines. A549, MCF7, and PC3 cells exposed to each obtained compound at doses of 5, 25, and 100 μM were incubated for 24 h and 8c was found to exhibit obvious anticancer activity against all three cancer cell lines. Further apoptosis assays and in vitro wound‐healing tests were performed and the results were evaluated.
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of substituted 5‐amino pyrazole bearing benzo[d]imidazolone Core and their antioxidant activity
Authors: Sanghavi Kartik N. , Kher Mukesh N. , Kapadiya Khushal M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn efficient, facile and regioselective route has been utilized for the synthesis of novel series of 5‐(5‐amino‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐one derivatives (5a‐l). The methyl 3,4‐diaminobenzoate (1) used CDI/DMF system for the cyclization to benzimidazolone followed by N‐methylation and next ACN/n‐BuLi media at −70°C to afford high yielded key intermediate, 3‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐5‐yl)‐3‐oxopropanenitrile (4). The final adducts synthesis involved catalytic optimization to generate 5‐amino pyrazole‐based adducts (5a‐l) rather than 3‐amino pyrazole (6a‐l) are discussed. Chromatographic and spectral techniques (1H & 13C NMR, LC–MS, elemental analysis) confirmed the newly synthesized structures and were evaluated for antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The entire compounds showed extra (higher) potency against used standard ascorbic acid except 5j (2‐F Ph substituent) while, 5c (−Et substitution) was found to be most potent among others.
The bimodality of South Asia High and its relationship with Asian rainfall in September
Authors: Xue Xu , Chen Wen , Hou Shuangshuang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines daily longitudinal locations of South Asia High (SAH) in September and its connection with Asian September rainfall variation. Results suggest that daily longitudinal locations of September SAH exhibits as bimodality, which is featured by two preferable locations with one high‐frequency location lying over southern Tibetan Plateau and the other over southern Iranian Plateau. Referred to the two preferred locations, the SAH is classified into east and west SAH mode. The two modes may be attributed to a warm column over central eastern Tibetan or eastern Iranian Plateau, which warms the above troposphere and maintains a SAH at upper troposphere over corresponding location. In addition, bimodality of the SAH has a close relationship with Asian September rainfall. The east mode of SAH is associated with an increasing rainfall over western China and decreasing rainfall over northern Indian Peninsula, southwestern Tibetan Plateau, Indochina Peninsula, eastern China and Korea Peninsula, while the west mode of SAH is linked with the reverse pattern. Specifically, the atmospheric circulation at upper troposphere is featured by one large anticyclonic circulation above eastern Tibetan Plateau and two cyclonic circulations over northern Iranian Plateau and eastern Korea. In the lower troposphere, southerly and northerly anomalies form a convergence zone over western China. Meantime, a cyclonic moisture circulation with warm and wet southerly vapour flow results in above‐normal rainfall over western China. An anticyclone over northern Iranian Plateau at lower troposphere results in an anticyclonic moisture divergence and deficient rainfall over southwestern Tibetan Plateau and northern India. Moreover, a cyclonic circulation over eastern Korea Peninsula with marked northwesterly and moisture flux divergence results in below‐normal rainfall over eastern China and Korea Peninsula.
Evaluation and future projection of the extreme precipitation over India and its homogeneous regions: A regional earth system model perspective
Authors: Kumari Amita , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA regional earth system model (ROM) was used to examine the projected change in the precipitation extremes (PEs) and associated dynamical and thermodynamical processes over India during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). In this regard, PEs are computed for India, its six homogeneous regions and subregions the Western Ghats (WG) and central India (CI). The changes are computed for mid‐future (2040–2069: MDF) and far‐future (2070–2099: FRF) with respect to the historical period (1969–2000). ROM showed better resemblance with observation in simulating PEs over other regional climate models (RCMs) that participated in the CORDEX‐CORE simulation. The intense rainfall (95th percentile: R95) is expected to be enhanced over most of the region during MDF that further intensifies in FRF except CNE (central northeast) and NEI (northeast India), where the increase in R95 was restricted only up to MDF. Interestingly, very intense rainfall (99.9th percentile: R99) showed robust increases in both MDF and FRF for all regions. Additionally, long wet (dry) events were shortened (lengthen). Moreover, the short wet and dry spell frequency has increased, while the duration of the wet (dry) spell has decreased (increased) in both time slices over India with noticeable regional variation. This is attributed to the strong cyclonic circulation, reduced vertical wind shear and enhanced moisture transport during the ISM in both time slices. It is very important to highlight the substantial changes in the precipitation extremes to have better planning and strategies that will be helpful to minimize the incurred losses.
Performance evaluation of high‐resolution IMDAA and IMERG for detecting cloudburst events over the Northwest Himalayas
Authors: Garg Sourabh , Jena Pravat , Devi Usha , Azad Sarita 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe main goal of this research is to assess the Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA), a recently established high‐resolution (0.12° × 0.12°) reanalysis dataset, for observing cloudburst events over the Northwest Himalaya (NWH). In addition, a high‐resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) satellite estimate, the Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) version 6 (IMERG‐V06B) (Final run), is validated against the IMDAA. The following is a summary of our significant findings. (1) Reanalysis data from the IMDAA detects 11 out of 16 cloudburst incidences. In addition, 10 events captured in the IMERG‐V06B data are a subset of those captured by IMDAA. According to contingency measures, the probability of detection (POD) of IMERG‐V06B at 99.99th percentile is 33.33%–63.39% along the geographical extent of NWH. When utilizing the improved probability of detection (IPOD) to account for time, the possibility of IMERG‐V06B detecting cloudburst occurrences ranges from 41.24% to 68.25%. (2) According to the finding, the IMDAA accurately detects cloudburst events in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), where data from the India Metrological Department (IMD) at a resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° have underperformed. As a result, we can deduce that IMDAA can be used to observe extreme events in the Himalayas. IMERG‐V06B is also relevant satellite data for monitoring cloudburst events and validating climate models.
Dispersive solid phase extraction of metronidazole and clarithromycin from human plasma using a β‐cyclodextrin grafted polyethylene polymer composite
Authors: Javanbakht Faezeh , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Nemati Mahboob , Farajzadeh Mir Ali 
Published: March 2023

In this work, for the first time, a polymeric composite based on β‐cyclodextrin grafted with polyethylene has been prepared through ball milling and used as an efficient sorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction of metronidazole and clarithromycin from plasma samples. The prepared sorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. In the extraction process, after precipitating the proteins, the sorbent was added into the sample solution, and the mixture was vortexed to facilitate and speed up the sorption of the analytes onto the sorbent surface. After centrifuging, the sorbent particles were contacted with methanol to elute the analytes under the vortexing process. After this step, an aliquot of the eluate was taken and injected into high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector for quantitative analysis. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction recoveries for metronidazole and clarithromycin were 76 and 83%, respectively. The limits of detection were 2.6 and 2.2 ng/ml for metronidazole and clarithromycin, respectively. The repeatability of the offered approach, expressed as relative standard deviation, was equal to or less than 4.7%. Finally, the method was successfully applied to plasma samples of the patients treated with metronidazole and clarithromycin.
Fast Predicting the Complex Nonlinear Dynamics of Mode‐Locked Fiber Laser by a Recurrent Neural Network with Prior Information Feeding
Authors: Pu Guoqing , Liu Runmin , Yang Hang , Xu Yongxin , Hu Weisheng , Hu Minglie , Yi Lilin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs an imperative method of investigating the internal mechanism of femtosecond lasers, traditional femtosecond laser modeling relies on the split‐step Fourier method (SSFM) to iteratively resolve the nonlinear Schrödinger equation suffering from the large computation complexity. To realize inverse design and optimization of femtosecond lasers, numerous simulations of mode‐locked fiber lasers with different cavity settings are required, further highlighting the time‐consuming problem induced by the large computation complexity. Here, a recurrent neural network is proposed to realize fast and accurate femtosecond mode‐locked fiber laser modeling. The generalization over different cavity settings is achieved via the proposed prior information feeding method. With the acceleration of GPU, the mean time of the artificial intelligence (AI) model inferring 500 roundtrips is less than 0.1 s, which is ≈146 times faster than the SSFM running on a CPU. The proposed AI‐enabled method is promising to become a standard approach to femtosecond laser modeling.
Cauchy–Szegö commutators on weighted Morrey spaces
Authors: Fu Zunwei , Gong Ruming , Pozzi Elodie , Wu Qingyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the setting of quaternionic Heisenberg group , we characterize the boundedness and compactness of commutator for the Cauchy–Szegö operator on the weighted Morrey space with , , and . More precisely, we prove that is bounded on if and only if . And is compact on if and only if .
On the linear stability of simple and semi‐simple periodic waves for a system of cubic Klein–Gordon equations
Authors: Hakkaev Sevdzhan , Syuleymanov Turhan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the linear stability of traveling wave solutions for the nonlinear wave equation and coupled nonlinear wave equations. It is shown that periodic waves of the dnoidal type are spectrally unstable with respect to co‐periodic perturbations. Our arguments rely on a careful spectral analysis of various self‐adjoint operators, both scalar and matrix and on instability index count theory for Hamiltonian systems.
A wideband transition from substrate integrated suspended parallel strip line (SISPSL) to differential shielded GCPW
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Yongqiang , Ma Kaixue , An Wenxing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel wideband substrate integrated suspended parallel strip line (SISPSL) to differential shielded grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) transition is proposed. By embedding the traditional double‐side parallel‐strip line inside multilayer boards, SISPSL has the advantage of self‐packaging and there is almost no radiation loss. SISPSL has inherent differential transmission properties, and a transition from SISPSL to differential GCPW is designed based on multilayer boards. The measured bandwidth of the back‐to‐back transition is from 0.01 to 40 GHz.
Development and clinical application of a GPU‐based Monte Carlo dose verification module and software for 1.5 T MR‐LINAC
Authors: Cheng Bo , Xu Yuan , Li Shijun , Ren Qiang , Pei Xi , Men Kuo , Dai Jianrong , Xu Xie George 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdaptive radiotherapy (ART) has made significant advances owing to magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MR‐LINAC), which provides superior soft‐tissue contrast, fast speed and rich functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to guide radiotherapy. Independent dose verification plays a critical role in discovering errors, while several challenges remain in MR‐LINAC.PurposeA Monte Carlo‐based GPU‐accelerated dose verification module for Unity is proposed and integrated into the commercial software ArcherQA to achieve fast and accurate quality assurance (QA) for online ART.MethodsElectron or positron motion in a magnetic field was implemented, and a material‐dependent step‐length limit method was used to trade off speed and accuracy. Transport was verified by dose comparison with EGSnrc in three A‐B‐A phantoms. Then, an accurate Monte Carlo‐based Unity machine model was built in ArcherQA, including an MR‐LINAC head, cryostat, coils, and treatment couch. In particular, a mixed model combining measured attenuation and homogeneous geometry was adopted for the cryostat. Several parameters in the LINAC model were tuned to commission it in the water tank. An alternating open‐closed MLC plan on solid water measured with EBT‐XD film was used to verify the LINAC model. Finally, the ArcherQA dose was compared with ArcCHECK measurements and GPUMCD in 30 clinical cases through the gamma test.ResultsArcherQA and EGSnrc were well matched in three A‐B‐A phantom tests, and the relative dose difference (RDD) was less than 1.6% in the homogenous region. A Unity model was commissioned in the water tank, and the RDD in the homogenous region was less than 2%. In the alternating open‐closed MLC plan, the gamma result (3%/3 mm) between ArcherQA and Film was 96.55%, better than the gamma result between GPUMCD and Film (92.13%). In 30 clinical cases, the mean three‐dimensional (3D) gamma result (3%/2 mm) was 99.36% ± 1.28% between ArcherQA and ArcCHECK for the QA plans and 99.27% ± 1.04% between ArcherQA and GPUMCD for the clinical patient plans. The average dose calculation time was 106 s in all clinical patient plans.ConclusionsA GPU‐accelerated Monte Carlo‐based dose verification module was developed and built for the Unity MR‐LINAC. The fast speed and high accuracy were proven by comparison with EGSnrc, commission data, the ArcCHECK measurement dose, and the GPUMCD dose. This module can achieve fast and accurate independent dose verification for Unity.