bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home-based virtual reality-enhanced upper limb training system in children with brain injury: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Choi Ja Young , Yi Sook-hee , Shim Dain , Yoo Beomki , Park Eun Sook , Rha Dong-wook 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundRehabilitation of upper limb function can be challenging in children with brain lesion. Recent virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation may be an additional treatment option in pediatric rehabilitation.ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a home-based VR-enhanced rehabilitation program with wearable multi-inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors on upper limb functions in children with brain injury.MethodsThis multicenter single blind randomized controlled trial included 40 children with cerebral palsy (CP) or static brain injury. Subjects were randomized 1:1 to experimental and control group. Both the groups maintained the same therapeutic content and dose of occupational therapy during the intervention period. The experimental group performed additional training at home using the VR-enhanced program for at least 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. VR training consisted of daily activities or games promoting wrist and forearm articular movements using wearable IMU sensors. The Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function-version 2 (MA2), Upper Limb Physician's Rating Scale (ULPRS), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-computer adaptive test (PEDI-CAT), computerized 3D motion analysis, and user satisfaction survey were performed. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare treatment effects between groups, and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare pre and post intervention.ResultsOverall 35 children (15 in VR group and 20 in control group) completed the protocol. In the experimental group, an average VR training time was 855 min. The accuracy of motion measured by MA2, segmental movements by ULPRS, daily living capability and social cognitive function by PEDI-CAT, movement time and shoulder movement pattern by motion analysis showed significant improvements. However, there were no significant differences in any of the functional outcome measures compared to the control group. All the children and parents reported positive experiences.ConclusionsHome-based VR training though it had limited impact on improving upper limb function, it could help improve social cognitive function, movement pattern, and efficiency in children with brain injury and could be an effective means of extending clinical therapy to the home.Clinical Trial RegistrationCRIS.nih.go.kr: identifier KCT0003172.
Combining body mass index and waist height ratio to assess the relationship between obesity and serum uric acid levels in adolescents
Authors: Liu Shan , Wei Wei , Cheng Yuan , Chen Jing-Yi , Liu Yang , Wu Zhi-Ping , Hu Meng-Die , Zhao Heng , Li Xiao-Feng , Chen Xin 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe study aims to explore the relationship between obesity and serum uric acid in adolescents by combining body mass index and waist height ratio.Methods475 adolescents in our study were classified as normal weight without central obesity (NW), normal weight but central obesity (NWCO), overweight or obesity without central obesity (OB) and overweight or obesity with central obesity (OBCO). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hyperuricemia were calculated using a logistic regression model. The dose-response association between obesity indicators and serum uric acid were explored by restricted cubic spline model.ResultsThe highest serum uric acid level and the OR for hyperuricemia were found in the OBCO group, regardless of sex. After controlling for waist height ratio, the risk of hyperuricemia increased with increasing body mass index in boys and girls. The restricted cubic spline model showed that boys had higher ORs for hyperuricemia at the 25th and 75th percentiles of body mass index than for waist height ratio and girls had a higher OR for hyperuricemia than waist height ratio at the 25th percentile of body mass index.ConclusionsHyperuricemia in adolescence was not only associated with the overweight or obesity in BMI, but with the combination of overweight or obesity in BMI and central obesity in WHtR. However, in boys and girls, the increased risk of hyperuricemia associated with elevated body mass index was significantly better than that of waist height ratio.
Ageing and non-liver comorbidities in population with chronic hepatitis B infection in the western pacific region from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Xie Jinzhao , Wang Xu , Pan Deng , Liu Jiaye , Li Jinghua , Gu Jing 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study examined the age structure and burden of non-liver noncommunicable diseases in population with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) from 1990 to 2019.Methods: We estimated ageing trends and the prevalence of non-liver NCDs among the HBV-infected population and the general population in 31 countries/areas in the Western Pacific Region from 1990 to 2019 based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 dataset.Results: The proportion of individuals aged 60 or older among the HBV-infected population has increased at a faster rate compared to the general population, whereas the proportion of individuals younger than 19 years has decreased rapidly over the past three decades. Among the HBV-infected population, the prevalence of most (29/31) NCDs increased from 1990 to 2019, with the top three most significant increases found for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (789.94% increase), prostate cancer (512.40% increase), and kidney cancer (411.34% increase). The prevalence of NCDs among the HBV-infected population increased faster than in the general population over the past three decades, especially in countries with rapid population ageing.Conclusion: This study highlights the increasing burden of non-liver comorbidities among the HBV-infected population. The integrated management of non-liver NCDs among this population should be implemented.
Adjustment challenges and coping strategies of Arab female international university students
Authors: Nazir Thseen , Özçiçek Ayşe 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundOver the past decade, Türkiye has experienced an increasing influx of international students, particularly from various Arab countries. The significant number of Arab international university students has prompted researchers to pay more attention to the experiences of this population in the country. This study examined the adjustment problems experienced by Arab female international university students in Türkiye.MethodThe research has a mixed methods design and includes both quantitative and qualitative studies. In the quantitative study, the International Students Adjustment Scale (ISAS) was used with 373 participants to examine the challenges in which dimensions of adjustment (academic, sociocultural, or personal) were more challenging for the study group. In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 Arab female international university students to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences in the domain that is found the issues are more profound.ResultsData from the quantitative study revealed that these students experienced similar challenges in each dimension of adjustment; however, problems in the sociocultural domain were much more profound. In line with the quantitative study, the interview questions of the qualitative study were prepared to explore the sociocultural domain and included the pre-arrival expectations, the post-arrival adjustment challenges, and the coping strategies of the study group. The Results of the qualitative study showed that although their prearrival expectations were almost met, they encountered various problems, ranging from cultural differences in daily activities to discrimination. It was also found that many of them were reluctant to ask for help, and to cope with adjustment problems, they usually used maladaptive or dysfunctional coping strategies such as avoidance and isolation.DiscussionThe findings of the quantitative study are in line with the previous studies that the overall adjustment of international students is influenced by different domains that are broadly academic, sociocultural, and personal. Among them, the sociocultural domain is found as the one in the study population that encounters more challenges. The results of the qualitative study support the findings of previous studies related to prearrival expectancies, provide more understanding of adjustment challenges and bring more information about adopted coping strategies.
The prevalence of suicide attempt and suicidal ideation and its relationship with aggression and bullying in Chilean adolescents
Authors: Veloso-Besio Constanza , Cuadra-Peralta Alejandro , Gallardo-Peralta Lorena , Cuadra-Fernandez Pascal , Quiroz Pedro Trujillo , Troncoso Nicole Vega 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundSuicide constitutes one of the main mental health problems worldwide, requiring detection, and prevention efforts, especially in the adolescent population.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation and their relationship with aggressiveness and bullying in Chilean adolescents.Materials and methodsThe sample was composed of 728 adolescents schooled from Arica city: 56.6% were males and 43.4% were females. The students attended from de 1st to the 4th year of secondary. The average age of the sample was 15,6 years. The following instruments were used: Okasha’s Suicidality Scale, Buss and Perry’s Aggressiveness Survey, and the Social Acceptance (School Bullying) sub-test of the Kidscreen-52 Survey. A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design was applied. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience.Results18.4% of the students reported that they had attempted suicide and 65.6% reported that they had suicidal ideation. The prevalence of suicide attempts was higher than in male adolescents (29,1% vs. 10,2%), and the same prevalence was for suicidal ideation (76,6% vs. 57,3%). Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation were positively and significantly correlated with aggressiveness (r = 0.32, r = 0.48) and bullying (r = 0.37, r = 0.50).ConclusionThe prevalence of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation is both higher in girls than boys. In this sense, girls constitute a risk group. In addition, this study provides evidence that supports the relationship between suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. The results highlight the role that educational institutions should have in terms of prevention and effective approaches.
The long wave of COVID-19: a case report using Imagery Rehearsal Therapy for COVID-19-related nightmares after admission to intensive care unit
Authors: Rapelli Giada , Varallo Giorgia , Scarpelli Serena , Pietrabissa Giada , Musetti Alessandro , Plazzi Giuseppe , Franceschini Christian , Castelnuovo Gianluca 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic caused several psychological consequences for the general population. In particular, long-term and persistent psychopathological detriments were observed in those who were infected by acute forms of the virus and need specialistic care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) has shown promising results in managing nightmares of patients with different traumas, but it has never been used with patients admitted to ICUs for severe COVID-19 despite this experience being considered traumatic in the literature.MethodsThe purpose of this case study is to describe the application of a four-session IRT for the treatment of COVID-related nightmares in a female patient after admission to the ICU. A 42-year-old Caucasian woman who recovered from a pulmonary rehabilitation program reported shortness of breath, dyspnea, and everyday life difficulties triggered by the long-COVID syndrome. She showed COVID-related nightmares and signs of post-traumatic symptoms (i.e., hyperarousal, nightmares, and avoidance of triggers associated with the traumatic situation). Psychological changes in the aftermath of a trauma, presence, and intensity of daytime sleepiness, dream activity, sleep disturbances, aspects of sleep and dreams, and symptoms of common mental health status are assessed as outcomes at the baseline (during the admission to pneumology rehabilitation) at 1-month (T1) and 3-month follow-up (T2). Follow-up data were collected through an online survey.ResultsBy using IRT principles and techniques, the patient reported a decrease in the intensity and frequency of bad nightmares, an increase in the quality of sleep, and post-traumatic growth, developing a positive post-discharge.ConclusionImagery rehearsal therapy may be effective for COVID-19-related nightmares and in increasing the quality of sleep among patients admitted to the ICU for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, IRT could be useful for its brevity in hospital settings.
High-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC improves the response inhibition control of young healthy participants: an ERP combined 1H-MRS study
Authors: Li Yanmin , Pang Jianmin , Wang Jing , Wang Wei , Bo Qianlan , Lei Licun , Wang Xiayue , Wang Mingwei 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionUnlike the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating neuropsychiatric diseases, little is known about how personal factors might account for the disparity of results from studies of cognition and rTMS. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-frequency rTMS on response inhibition control and explored the time course changes in cognitive processing and brain metabolic mechanisms after rTMS using event-related potentials (ERPs) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).MethodsParticipants were all right-handed and were naive to rTMS and the Go/NoGo task. Twenty-five healthy young participants underwent one 10 Hz rTMS session per day in which stimulation was applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and a homogeneous participant group of 25 individuals received a sham rTMS treatment for 1  week. A Go/NoGo task was performed, an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded, and 1H-MRS was performed.ResultsThe results revealed that there was a strong trend of decreasing commission errors of NoGo stimuli by high frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC, whereas there was no significant difference between before and after rTMS treatment with respect to these parameters in the sham rTMS group. High-frequency rTMS significantly increased the amplitude of NoGo-N2 but not Go-N2, Go-P3, or NoGo-P3. The myo-inositol /creatine complex (MI/Cr) ratio, indexing cerebral metabolism, in the left DLPFC was decreased in the rTMS treated group.DiscussionThis observation supports the view that high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC has the strong tendency of reducing commission errors behaviorally, increase the amplitude of NoGo-N2 and improve the response inhibition control of healthy young participants. The results are consistent with the excitatory properties of high frequency rTMS. We suggest that the increase in the NoGo-N2 amplitude may be related to the increased excitability of the DLPFC-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neural loop. Metabolic changes in the DLPFC may be a possible mechanism for the improvement of the response inhibition control of rTMS.
A deep learning latent variable model to identify children with autism through motor abnormalities
Authors: Milano Nicola , Simeoli Roberta , Rega Angelo , Marocco Davide 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a by-birth neurodevelopmental disorder difficult to diagnose owing to the lack of clinical objective and quantitative measures. Classical diagnostic processes are time-consuming and require many specialists’ collaborative efforts to be properly accomplished. Most recent research has been conducted on automated ASD detection using advanced technologies. The proposed model automates ASD detection and provides a new quantitative method to assess ASD.MethodsThe theoretical framework of our study assumes that motor abnormalities can be a potential hallmark of ASD, and Machine Learning may represent the method of choice to analyse them. In this study, a variational autoencoder, a particular type of Artificial Neural Network, is used to improve ASD detection by analysing the latent distribution description of motion features detected by a tablet-based psychometric scale.ResultsThe proposed ASD detection model revealed that the motion features of children with autism consistently differ from those of children with typical development.DiscussionOur results suggested that it could be possible to identify potential motion hallmarks typical for autism and support clinicians in their diagnostic process. Potentially, these measures could be used as additional indicators of disorder or suspected diagnosis.
Investigating suicidality across the autistic-catatonic continuum in a clinical sample of subjects with major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Dell’Osso Liliana , Nardi Benedetta , Bonelli Chiara , Gravina Davide , Benedetti Francesca , Amatori Giulia , Battaglini Simone , Massimetti Gabriele , Luciano Mario , Berardelli Isabella , Brondino Natascia , De Gregorio Marianna , Deste Giacomo , Nola Marta , Reitano Antonino , Muscatello Maria Rosaria Anna , Pompili Maurizio , Politi Pierluigi , Vita Antonio , Carmassi Claudia , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Carpita Barbara , Maj Mario 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundRecent literature has highlighted that catatonia may be more prevalent among psychiatric patients than previously thought, beginning from autism spectrum disorders (ASD), for which it has been suggested to represent a severe late consequence, but also among individuals with mood disorders and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Interestingly, one critical point shared by these conditions is the increased risk of suicidality. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the presence and the prevalence of catatonic symptoms may shape and correlate with suicidal risk in a sample of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) or BPD.MethodsWe recruited two clinical samples of subjects (BPD and MDD) and a control group without a diagnosis according to DSM-5 (CTL). Subjects were assessed with the catatonia spectrum (CS) and the MOODS-SR for evaluating suicidality.ResultsIn the total sample, suicidality score was significantly and positively correlated with all CS domains and CS total score. Correlation and regression analyses highlighted specific patterns of association among Catatonia spectrum domains and suicidality in the MDD and BPD group and in the total sample.ConclusionIn both disorders, higher catatonic traits are linked to higher suicidal tendencies, confirming the high risk of suicide for this population. However, different patterns of association between catatonic symptoms and suicidality were highlighted in the two disorders.
Correlation of systemic immune-inflammation index and moderate/major depression in patients with depressive disorders: a large sample cross-sectional study
Authors: Cui Shu , Li Juanjuan , Liu Yun , Yao Gaofeng , Wu Yanhai , Liu Zhiwei , Sun Liang , Sun Longlong , Liu Huanzhong 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical value of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) based on peripheral blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count in evaluating the subtype and severity of depression in patients with depressive disorder.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Third People’s Hospital of Fuyang City from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. The data included sociodemographic information at admission, clinical data, discharge diagnosis and inflammatory markers. Patients were divided into low SII group and high SII group according to the optimal threshold of SII determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between moderate/major depression and SII level.ResultsCompared to the low SII group, the high SII group had a higher age level (χ2 = 7.663, p = 0.006), more smokers (χ2 = 9.458, p = 0.002), more moderate/major depression patients (χ2 = 45.645, p &lt; 0.001), and a higher proportion of patients with accompanying somatic symptoms (χ2 = 14.867, p &lt; 0.001). In the final logistic regression model, after controlling for confounding factors, SII at admission was significantly associated with moderate/major depression [β =1.285, p &lt; 0.001; odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) = 3.614 (2.693–4.850)]. Patients with high SII scores were 3.614 times more likely to have moderate/severe depression than those with low SII scores. We propose a cut-off value of SII =540.78 (sensitivity = 36.4% and specificity = 80.3%) according to the maximum Youden index.ConclusionOur research indicates that SII may be a useful, repeatable, convenient, and affordable index to identify moderate/major depression in depressive disorder.
Macro-structural predictors of Australian family day care quality
Authors: Char Vincent , Harrison Linda J. , Li Hui 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThis study explores the predictive power of macro-structural characteristics on quality rating and improvement system (QRIS) outcomes of Family Day Care (FDC) services in Australia.MethodsThe dataset consisted of 441 FDC National Quality Standard (NQS) ratings from all Australian states and territories, with overall ratings of Exceeding NQS, Meeting NQS, Working Towards NQS, or Significant Improvement Required.ResultsMultinomial logistic regressions confirmed that management type, community socioeconomic status (SES), level of urbanization, and government jurisdiction explained 6.9 to 19.3% of the variation in QRIS outcomes. Results indicated that lower FDC NQS ratings were more likely for (1) private for-profit vs. not-for-profit; (2) low-SES vs. high-SES area; and (3) regional or remote area vs. metropolitan. State/territory jurisdiction also influenced NQS ratings.DiscussionThese findings imply the need for policy attention to inequalities in FDC quality associated with systemic and organizational differences. Greater effort is needed to promote equality and equity in FDC services.