bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening and Diuretic Activity of selected Palestinian Medicinal plants in Mice using an Aqueous Extract Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology
Authors: Rahhal Belal , Taha Isra , Najajreh Insaf , Basha Walid , Alzabadeh Hamzeh , Zyoud Ahed , Sharaga Areen , Alratrout Zanab , Yunis Nima , Kanaan Ola , Raddad Jenan , Yousef Tasneem 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Man used various natural materials as a remedy for the treatment of various diseases and recently witnessed a vastly growing and renewed interest in herbal medicine globally. In Palestinian folk medicine, Crataegus aronia, Rosmarinus officinalis known as rosemary and Nigella sativa is used as a diuretic and for treatment of hypertension. This study aimed to assess the preliminary phytochemical properties and the diuretic effect of the aqueous extracts of these plants in mice after its intraperitonial administration.
Methods: It is an experimental trial applied on mice (n=8, Male, CD-1, weight range: [25-30 gram]), which are divided into two groups (4 in each). The first group administered with the plant extract (500 mg/kg), and the second with normal saline as negative control group. Then urine output and electrolyte contents were quantified up to 6 hours for the three groups and then compared to the control one.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of tannins, alkaloids and flavoniods as major phytoconstituents in aqueous extract. Significant diuresis was noted in those received the aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Moreover, aqueous extract had an acidic pH and a mild increase in the electrolyte excretion (Na, K).On the contrary, the aqueous extracts from the Rosemary and Nigella sativa showed no diuretic activity.
Conclusions: Our results revealed that Crataegus aronia aqueous extract has a significant potential diuretic effect. Further studies are needed to evaluate this diuretic effect in the relief of diseases characterized by volume overload.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Targeted Metabolomics and Biochemical Sensor
Authors: Bahti Ahmed , Telfah Ahmad , Sharar Nour , Jafar Hanan , Hergenröder Roland 
Published: July 2023

NMR spectroscopy is quantitative, highly reproducible, non-selective and non-destructive. However, NMR costs and complexity hinder a use as point-of-care and biochemical sensor instrumentation. Low field NMR (LF-NMR) is an inexpensive and low footprint technique to obtain physical, chemical, electronic and structural information on small molecules, but suffers from poor spectral dispersion, especially when applied to the analysis of mixtures. Subspectral editing employing optimal control pulses is a suitable approach to cope with the severe signal superpositions in complex mixture spectra at low field.
We have calculated the optimal control pulse shapes at 0.5 T NMR frequency using the Krotov algorithm. Downsizing the complexity of the algorithm from exponential to polynomial is shown to be possible by using a system approach with each system corresponding to a (small) molecule. In this way compound selective excitation pulses can be calculated. The signals of substructures of the cyclopentenone molecule were excited using optimal control pulses calculated by the Krotov algorithm demonstrating the feasibility of subspectral editing. Likewise, for a mixture of benzoic acid and alanine, editing of the signals of either benzoic acid or alanine employing optimal control pulses was shown to be possible.
The obtained results are promising and can be extended to the targeted analysis of complex mixtures such as biofluids or metabolic samples at low field strengths opening access for benchtop NMR to point of care settings. Moreover, the LF-NMR was improved to allow a unique detection and reliable quantification of metabolites in biofluids like blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or even tissue. In contrast to standard large scale NMR equipment the portable LF-NMR allows for an analysis of the chemical composition of biofluid samples directly at the patient (point-of-care).
LF-NMR can be freely programmable for detecting and detecting and sensing sets of small molecules which deliver information on the health status of a person. Such an analytical tool would be useful for the prediction, diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of diseases, and for supervision of therapeutic interventions.
Formulation and evaluation of controlled-release, carrageenan-based powder formulations filled into hard gelatin capsules
Authors: Barakat Abdullah , Abu-Hameda Yahya , Aljamal Salah , Al Muhaissen Suha , Bisharat Lorina , Birardi Alberto , AlKhatib Hatim S. 
Published: July 2023

Hard gelatin capsules (HGCs) are typically used as immediate release dosage forms, however, controlled drug release can from HGCs be obtained by the application of film coating onto the capsule shells or by filling them with controlled release multi-particulates (e.g. pellets and mini-tablets).
The filling of a hydrophilic gelling polymer into the capsule is an alternative approach to the time-consuming preparation and filling of multi-particulates. Carrageenan is a linear, sulfated polysaccharide that is commonly used as a thickener in pharmaceutical formulations.
The release behavior of propranolol HCl – carrageenan powder mixtures filled into hard gelatin capsules was investigated as a function of drug – to – polymer ratio, the capsule fill weight, grade of carrageenan used. In addition, the effect of the drug release testing method (USP apparatus I or II), rotation speed, pH of the release medium and ionic strength of the release medium on drug release were investigated.
The electrostatic interaction of propranolol HCl with carrageenan was also investigated using equilibrium dialysis method to determine the binding capacity and the stability constant of the complex formed.
Viscarin GP 109 was found to provide a fast-gelling behavior with excellent controlled release properties. Drug loading and ionic strength of the medium significantly influenced drug release. Release in USP apparatus 1 was slower than that in USP apparatus 2. Propranolol HCl formed an insoluble complex with carrageenan with a high binding capacity and stability
The Concept of ‘Will–generated Cognition’ and its Role in Philosophical Enterprise:
Authors: Tushir Sangeeta 
Published: July 2023

In epistemology, knowledge is the fundamental factor. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to go through various ways of knowing or the means of knowing like perception, inference, comparison, verbal testimony, presumption, non-cognition etc. In epistemology, knowledge presupposes the knowledge of something. The knowledge without content (aviṣayaka-jňāna), however, is found in case of AdvaitaVedānta. The Advaitins only admit a kind of knowledge which is of without content (aviṣayakajñāna) in case of Brahman. Brahman is the Knowledge itself. To them this knowledge has no content at all because Brahman itself is Knowledge, but not the knowledge of Brahman. In other words, we cannot tell that this is the knowledge of Brahman, but Brahman itself is Knowledge par-excellence. Apart from this system all others believe that knowledge has got some content of its own.1 That is why; knowledge is something through which an object is illumined. There are several ways of knowing as told earlier.
Pilomatrixoma Pathology Description of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Sari Rantapina Kurnia , Kiki Ahmad Rizki  , Birgitta Maria Dewayani  
Published: July 2023

Background: Pilomatrixoma is a benign neoplasm derived from hair follicles, and it rarely happens. Some cases were misdiagnostic with another skin lesion. One of them was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study aimed to describe the pilomatrixoma pathology description of squamous cell carcinoma.
Case presentation: A man, 72 years old admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint lump on his chin that penetrated into his mouth near the mandible gum. A lump had an irregular surface, hyperemic ulcer, bled easily, and penetrated into the mouth near the mandible gum. The size was 5x8x5cm, tenderness (+), and fixed with the mandible. There was no enlargement of neck nodes. The pathology description from the incision biopsy was pilomatrixoma. Wide excision, segmental mandibulectomy, and frozen section were performed on the patient, and the result was keratinizing SCC well differentiated.
Conclusion: A man 72 years old with a lump on his chin was diagnosed with pilomatrixoma, a benign neoplasm that occurs in hair follicles and is a rare case.
Effectiveness of a time to fixate for fitness to drive evaluation in neurological patients
Authors: Miljković Nadica , Sodnik Jaka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present a method to automatically calculate time to fixate (TTF) from the eye-tracker data in subjects with neurological impairment using a driving simulator. TTF presents the time interval for a person to notice the stimulus from its first occurrence. Precisely, we measured the time since the children started to cross the street until the drivers directed their look to the children. From 108 neurological patients recruited for the study, the analysis of TTF was performed in 56 patients to assess fit-, unfit-, and conditionally-fit-to-drive patients. The results showed that the proposed method based on the YOLO (you only look once) object detector is efficient for computing TTFs from the eye-tracker data. We obtained discriminative results for fit-to-drive patients by application of Tukey’s honest significant difference post hoc test (p < 0.01), while no difference was observed between conditionally-fit and unfit-to-drive groups (p = 0.542). Moreover, we show that time-to-collision (TTC), initial gaze distance (IGD) from pedestrians, and speed at the hazard onset did not influence the result, while the only significant interaction is among fitness, IGD, and TTC on TTF. Obtained TTFs are also compared with the perception response times (PRT) calculated independently from eye-tracker data and YOLO. Although we reached statistically significant results that speak in favor of possible method application for assessment of fitness to drive, we provide detailed directions for future driving simulation-based evaluation and propose processing workflow to secure reliable TTF calculation and its possible application in for example psychology and neuroscience.
ObScene database: Semantic congruency norms for 898 pairs of object-scene pictures
Authors: Andrade Miguel Ângelo , Cipriano Margarida , Raposo Ana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch on the interaction between object and scene processing has a long history in the fields of perception and visual memory. Most databases have established norms for pictures where the object is embedded in the scene. In this study, we provide a diverse and controlled stimulus set comprising real-world pictures of 375 objects (e.g., suitcase), 245 scenes (e.g., airport), and 898 object–scene pairs (e.g., suitcase–airport), with object and scene presented separately. Our goal was twofold. First, to create a database of object and scene pictures, normed for the same variables to have comparable measures for both types of pictures. Second, to acquire normative data for the semantic relationships between objects and scenes presented separately, which offers more flexibility in the use of the pictures and allows disentangling the processing of the object and its context (the scene). Along three experiments, participants evaluated each object or scene picture on name agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity, and rated object–scene pairs on semantic congruency. A total of 125 septuplets of one scene and six objects (three congruent, three incongruent), and 120 triplets of one object and two scenes (in congruent and incongruent pairings) were built. In future studies, these objects and scenes can be used separately or combined, while controlling for their key features. Additionally, as object–scene pairs received semantic congruency ratings along the entire scale, researchers may select among a wide range of congruency values. ObScene is a comprehensive and ecologically valid database, useful for psychology and neuroscience studies of visual object and scene processing.
Bacterium with Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides
Authors: IAROVOI Liviu , HOLBAN Tiberiu , CHIRIACOV Galina , COTOS Viorica , COJUHARI Lilia , CIRSTEA Natalia 
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Leukonostoc pseudomesenteroides, widespread in nature (soil, plants, milk, etc.), until recently was classified as a commensal microorganism, but from 1985 until now several sporadic cases of infection with this pathogen have been described in humans. Bacteremia with Leuconostoc spp. are increasingly reported. Unique cases of infection of other sites have also been described: in soft, lung, urinary, Central Nervous System tissues, etc. Most often, these cases have been reported in patients with cancer, and are often considered opportunistic for acquired immunodeficiencies. However, several cases have also been reported in immunocompetent patients, including in those previously treated with vancomycin, Leuconostoc spp. having a natural resistance to this antibiotic.
Material and methods. An analysis of the literature and the clinical case are presented here: the child of an 11-month-old with congenital malformation - rabbit lip, who underwent maxillofacial operation twice and had pneumonia 2 months before his admission to the Toma Ciorba Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital.
Results. Meningococcemia and meningitis were clinically established upon admission. The blood culture result was received a few days later, and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides was identified. The etiological treatment was corrected, after which the sterile result of the blood culture was obtained. The child was released in a satisfactory condition.
Conclusions: The clinical case presented is the first case of infection with Leuconstoc spp. described in the Republic of Moldova. The correct choice of the etiological treatment allows the eradication of this pathogen, with a satisfactory clinical result.
The Correlations of Stellar Tidal Disruption Rates with Properties of Massive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
Authors: Chen Yunfeng , Yu Qingjuan , Lu Youjun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Stars can be either disrupted as tidal disruption events (TDEs) or swallowed whole by massive black holes (MBHs) at galactic centers when they approach sufficiently close to these MBHs. In this work, we investigate the correlations of such stellar consumption rates with both the MBH mass M
BH and the inner slope of the host-galaxy mass density distribution α. We introduce a simplified analytical power-law model with a power-law stellar-mass density distribution surrounding MBHs and separate the contributions of two-body relaxation and stellar orbital precession for the stellar orbital angular momentum evolution in nonspherical galaxy potentials. The stellar consumption rates derived from this simplified model can be well consistent with the numerical results obtained with a more realistic treatment of stellar distributions and dynamics around MBHs, providing an efficient way to estimate TDE rates. The origin of the correlations of stellar consumption rates with M
BH and α is explained by the dependence of this analytical model on those MBH/host-galaxy properties and by the separation of the stellar angular momentum evolution mechanisms. We propose that the strong positive correlation between the rates of stellar consumption due to two-body relaxation and α provides one interpretation for the overrepresentation of TDEs found in some rare E+A/poststarburst galaxies. We find high TDE rates for giant stars, up to those for solar-type stars. Understanding the origin of the correlations of the stellar consumption rates will be necessary for obtaining the demographics of MBHs and their host galaxies via TDEs.
Continuous Gravitational Waves from Galactic Neutron Stars: Demography, Detectability, and Prospects
Authors: Pagliaro Gianluca , Papa Maria Alessandra , Ming Jing , Lian Jianhui , Tsuna Daichi , Maraston Claudia , Thomas Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the prospects for the detection of continuous gravitational signals from normal Galactic neutron stars, i.e., nonrecycled stars. We use a synthetic population generated by evolving stellar remnants in time, according to several models. We consider the most recent constraints set by all-sky searches for continuous gravitational waves and use them for our detectability criteria. We discuss the detection prospects for the current and the next generation of gravitational-wave detectors. We find that neutron stars whose ellipticity is solely caused by magnetic deformations cannot produce any detectable signal, not even by third-generation detectors. The currently detectable sources all have B ≲ 1012 G and deformations that are not solely due to the magnetic field. For these, we find in fact that the larger the magnetic field, the higher the ellipticity required for the signal to be detectable, and this ellipticity is well above the value induced by the magnetic field. Third-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer will be able to detect up to ≈250 more sources than current detectors. We briefly treat the case of recycled neutron stars with a simplified model. We find that continuous gravitational waves from these objects will likely remain elusive to detection by current detectors, but should be detectable with the next generation of detectors.
Physiological response of exercise as modulation of lipid profile in young adults
Authors: Sugiharto  , Merawati D. , Susanto H. , Taufiq A. , Pranoto A. , Angga P.D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lifestyle modification based on exercise combined with listening to music is a physiological-therapeutic approach, interesting to study to improve the lipid profile. Considering the lipid profile is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which will have an impact on increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the physiological response of moderate-intensity exercise by listening to music as a modulator of improving lipid profile in young adult men. This study involved 45 young adult men aged 19–21 years, body mass index 19.5–24.0 kg/m2, and met other criteria that have been determined. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: HIPE (high-intensity exercise, n=15), MIPE (moderate-intensity exercise, n=15), and MIPEM (moderate-intensity exercise + music, n=15). Examination of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-C), which is a picture of the lipid profile using the COBAS MIRA system method, was carried out before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test were used to analyse the data. The results showed that there were significant differences in the levels of LDL, HDL, TG, T-C and blood glucose concentrations between the three groups (HIPE, MIPE, and MIPEM) (P<0.05). The results of the Tukey’s HSD post hoc test showed that MIPEM increased HDL concentrations and decreased LDL, TG, T-C and higher blood glucose compared to HIPE and MIPE, which is effective and without causing an increase in cortisol secretion and blood pressure. Therefore, MIPEM deserves to be recommended for a physiologic therapeutic approach as a lipid profile modulator.
Long-term effects of resistance exercise with and without vascular occlusion on TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-15 secretion in non-athletic women
Authors: Jahandarlashaki T. , Abbassi Daloii A. , Shirvani H. , Samadi M. , Arabzadeh E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Resistance training is associated with reduced risk of low-grade inflammation related diseases. This study aimed to consider the effect of two methods of resistance training with and without vascular occlusion on changes in some serum cytokines in young non-athlete women. Thirty non-athlete women (20 to 30 years of age) were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each): resistance training without vascular occlusion (traditional), resistance training with vascular occlusion, and a control group. Resistance training was conducted three sessions for 8 weeks. In the vascular occlusion group, prior to the main exercise, the proximal part of both thighs was closed with a rubber tourniquet and the resistance exercise was performed with an intensity of 20–30% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) until fatigue. In the group without vascular occlusion, the same exercise were performed with similar intensity (with 70–80% 1RM until fatigue). Serum interleukin (IL)-15, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA method. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare the changes in the studied variables. The results show that serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and IL-15 do not have a significant change in groups with and without obstruction (P>0.05). Numerous studies have evaluated the positive effects of vascular occlusion on muscle hypertrophy and strength during rehabilitation. According to the results of the present study, it seems that the use of vascular occlusion exercise has less effect on inflammatory or IL-15.
Identifying Clinical Features, Frailty, and Treatment Responses of Late-onset Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Bayrak Esra Dilsat , Aktas Ilknur 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of sacroiliac joints and spine affecting patients in their second and third decades of life. With the increase in the elderly population in the world, the incidence of spondyloarthropathies, as well as other rheumatic diseases, is expected to increase in old age. The aim of this study is to expand the current knowledge of late-onset axSpA and compare clinical features with early-onset patients.

Methods:
A total of 123 axSpA patients (42 late-onset axSpA and 81 early-onset axSpA) were included in the study. Patients with symptoms that began after 50 years of age or older were classified as late-onset axSpA. Patients’ baseline clinical and radiographic findings, human leukocyte antigen B-27 status, and C-reactive protein results were recorded. Disease activity was measured by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was used to assess frailty in patients with late-onset. Late-onset axSpA patients were reassessed for frailty after 6 months of treatment.

Results:
Late-onset axSpA was female predominant (n = 35/42). About 57.1% of patients had nonradiograhic axSpA. Late-onset patients had a higher incidence of female gender (P = 0.000), peripheral arthritis (P = 0.000), and cervical vertebrae involvement (P = 0.002) compared with early-onset axSpA patients. The response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was similar (P = 0.572) between groups. The median CFS score was 5 at presentation and 3 at month 6 in late-onset axSpA. Patients who received anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy showed greater improvement in CFS scores (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
AxSpA is very common in the general population and can have a significant impact on quality of life, particularly in old age. In elderly patients, frailty improves significantly with appropriate treatment. Clinicians should avoid being late in diagnosis and treatment.