bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The China Nudge: Naivety, Neutrality, and Non-alignment in Sweden
Authors: Lagerkvist Johan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains how the major authoritarian powers China and Russia have propelled Sweden to alter its more than two hundred years long policy of neutrality and non-alignment. The focus is predominantly on China and its “wolf-warrior diplomacy” in Sweden, the Swedish debate on political naivety in general and regarding China in particular. It is argued that five years of deteriorating Sino-Swedish relations nudged Sweden further toward seeking stronger ties with the European Union on China policy. Drivers of these rapid and major changes to both policy and identity were the abduction of publisher Gui Minhai by Chinese state agents in Thailand in 2015 and the ensuing diplomatic conflict with China. The Swedish public, political parties, and especially key actors in the civil service increasingly perceived China as a threat to values and security. This sequence of events led to their construction of a coalition of consensus on a new China policy. Thus, authoritarian China, together with its increasingly belligerent partner Russia, became an important contributing factor that nudged “naïve” Sweden even further away from neutrality and onto the trajectory of military non-alignment.
China and Germany After the 2021 Election: Between Continuity and Increasing Confrontation
Authors: Damm Jens 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents and analyses various official statements, 2021 election programmes and party manifestos, media reports as well as public hearings with regard to the changing view of China in the German public discourse. While the importance of economic interests is still the overarching topic in German-Chinese relations (China has been Germany`s most important trading partner since 2015), there has been a shift towards a more critical stance with regard to human rights issues in recent years. Germany was also the driving force behind the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) with China, which the EU signed in December 2020 under Germany’s presidency of the EU Council but so far never ratified.
After the formation of a new SPD led government under chancellor Olaf Scholz, the two smaller coalition partners, the Alliance 90/The Greens, and the FDP, are said to have a much more critical view of China’s human rights issues. In particular, the new German foreign Minister, Annalena Baerbock has publicly vowed to change Germany’s China policy. While Germany has remained within the hedging zone a shift from “economic pragmatism” to “soft balancing” can be observed, most noticeably in political terms: in particular, the new foreign minister Annalena Baerbock stresses the necessity for a closer cooperation both with the United States, but also a common policy of the EU towards China. Thus Germany, and the EU in general, seems to have shifted from “economic pragmatism” to “dominance denial” since the new government came into power, and the war in Ukraine has led to an even closer alliance of Germany, with the EU and the United States.
Livestock and Sustainable Food Systems: Status, Trends, and Priority Actions
Authors: Herrero Mario , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Thornton Philip K. , Fanzo Jessica , Rushton Jonathan , Godde Cecile , Bellows Alexandra , de Groot Adrian , Palmer Jeda , Chang Jinfeng , van Zanten Hannah , Wieland Barbara , DeClerck Fabrice , Nordhagen Stella , Beal Ty , Gonzalez Carlos , Gill Margaret 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLivestock are a critically important component of the food system, although the sector needs a profound transformation to ensure that it contributes to a rapid transition towards sustainable food systems. This chapter reviews and synthesises the evidence available on changes in demand for livestock products in the last few decades, and the multiple socio-economic roles that livestock have around the world. We also describe the nutrition, health, and environmental impacts for which the sector is responsible. We propose eight critical actions for transitioning towards a more sustainable operating space for livestock. (1) Facilitate shifts in the consumption of animal source foods (ASF), recognising that global reductions will be required, especially in communities with high consumption levels, while promoting increased levels in vulnerable groups, including the undernourished, pregnant women and the elderly. (2) Continue work towards the sustainable intensification of livestock systems, paying particular attention to animal welfare, food-feed competition, blue water use, disease transmission and perverse economic incentives. (3) Embrace the potential of circularity in livestock systems as a way of partially decoupling livestock from land. (4) Adopt practices that lead to the direct or indirect mitigation of greenhouse gases. (5) Adopt some of the vast array of novel technologies at scale and design incentive mechanisms for their rapid deployment. (6) Diversify the protein sources available for human consumption and feed, focusing on the high-quality alternative protein sources that have lower environmental impacts. (7) Tackle antimicrobial resistance effectively through a combination of technology and new regulations, particularly for the fast-growing poultry and pork sectors and for feedlot operations. (8) Implement true cost of food and true-pricing approaches to ASF consumption.
Food Systems Innovation Hubs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Beesabathuni Kalpana , Kraemer Klaus , Askari Sufia , Lingala Srujith , Bajoria Madhavika , Bloem Martin , Gavin-Smith Breda , Hamirani Hamid , Kumari Priyanka , Milan Anne , Tshering Puja , van Zutphen Kesso Gabrielle , Woltering Kris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the face of global food and nutrition crises, incremental adjustment in existing technology is not enough; the future of food systems hinges on innovative solutions that can help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Innovative approaches and opportunities for the transformation of food systems exist. ‘Innovations’ includes new products, business models, policy practices, technologies, behavioral insights, or ways of delivering products and services that benefit the poor in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These include the innovative use of technology, the reallocation of government expenditure, and the promotion of more nutritious diets. However, scaling these innovations requires capital and platforms to connect stakeholders and facilitate the transfer of technology and know-how. It is here that food system innovation hubs have a key role to play. This chapter draws attention to the role that food system innovation hubs can play in creating healthy, resilient and inclusive communities in LMICs. Eight different archetypes of food innovation hubs are described, and the opportunities for these hubs to deliver planet-friendly nutritious and safe foods are explored. These archetypes include science and technology parks, research centers, incubators, accelerators, advanced development spaces, innovation districts, virtual hubs and nodes. Food system innovation hubs can provide transformative solutions to food systems by bringing the right innovations to market faster in a cost-effective manner.
Climate Change and Food Systems
Authors: Mirzabaev Alisher , Olsson Lennart , Kerr Rachel Bezner , Pradhan Prajal , Ferre Marta Guadalupe Rivera , Lotze-Campen Hermann 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change affects the functioning of all of the components of food systems, often in ways that exacerbate existing predicaments and inequalities among regions of the world and groups in society. At the same time, food systems are a major cause of climate change, accounting for a third of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, food systems can and should play a much bigger role in climate policies. This chapter highlights nine action points for climate change adaptation and mitigation in food systems. The chapter shows that numerous practices, technologies, knowledge and social capital already exist for climate action in food systems, with multiple synergies with other important goals, such as the conservation of biodiversity, the safeguarding of ecosystem services, sustainable land management and reducing social and gender inequalities. Many of these solutions are presently being applied at local scales around the world, even if not at sufficient levels. Hence, the major effort to unleash their potential would involve overcoming various technical, political-economic and structural barriers for their much wider application. Some other solutions require research and development investments now, but will focus on helping us meet the longer-term challenges of climate change in regard to food systems in the second half of this century, when most existing food production practices will face unprecedented challenges. In the short term, these pro-poor policy changes and support systems can have a range of positive effects well beyond food systems without delay. In the long term, investments in research will help ensure food security and ecosystem integrity for coming generations.
Delivering Climate Change Outcomes with Agroecology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence and Actions Needed
Authors: Snapp Sieglinde , Kebede Yodit , Wollenberg Eva , Dittmer Kyle M. , Brickman Sarah , Egler Cecelia , Shelton Sadie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter reviews evidence of the impacts of agroecological farming practices on climate adaptation and mitigation. Farm diversification has the strongest evidence for its impacts on climate change adaptation. The evidence for agroecology’s impact on mitigation in LMICs is modest and emphasises carbon sequestration in soil and biomass. Agroforestry has the strongest body of evidence for impacts on mitigation. Locally relevant solutions produced through participatory processes and the co-creation of knowledge with farmers has improved climate change adaptation and mitigation. Knowledge gaps were found in regard to agricultural climate change mitigation, resilience to extreme weather, and agroecology approaches involving livestock, landscape redesign and multi-scalar analysis. There is a need to assess the performance of agricultural development using an outcome-based approach based on agroecological principles and climate change adaptation and mitigation indicators in order to guide donor and national investment. Moreover, direct investment and the scaling of practices for which the current evidence is strongest are needed. These include: (1) agricultural diversification, agroforestry and local adaptation; (2) increase action around resilience to extreme weather and climate change mitigation outcomes in LMICs and build the capacity of policymakers, scientists and institutions from the global South to work on these issues; and (3) compare the cost-effectiveness and outcomes of agroecology approaches with other agricultural development interventions at multiple scales, including the valuation of environmental and social benefits to better evaluate alternative approaches to sustainable agriculture.
The Global Cost of Reaching a World Without Hunger: Investment Costs and Policy Action Opportunities
Authors: Chichaibelu Bezawit Beyene , Bekchanov Maksud , von Braun Joachim , Torero Maximo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study developed a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) to identify a mix of least-cost investment options with the highest potential for hunger reduction, hunger here defined by the undernourishment concept of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Twenty-two different interventions are considered for reducing undernourishment relying on information drawn from best available evidence-based literature, including model- and large-scale intervention studies. Ending hunger by 2030 would require annual investments of about US$ 39 to 50 billion until 2030 to lift about 840 to 909 million people out of hunger, which is the 2020 estimate of hunger projection in 2030, also considering the effects of COVID-19. Investing in agricultural R&D, agricultural extension services, information and communication technologies (ICT) – agricultural information systems, small-scale irrigation expansion in Africa and female literacy improvement are low cost options that have a relatively large hunger reduction potential. To achieve the goal of ending hunger by 2030, not only is it urgent not to lose any more time, but also to optimally phase investments. Investments that have more long-term impacts should be frontloaded in the decade in order to reap their benefits soon before 2030. A balanced approach is needed to reach the hungry soon – including those adversely affected by COVID-19 with social protection and nutrition programs.
Financing SDG2 and Ending Hunger
Authors: Díaz-Bonilla Eugenio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on innovation in mechanisms to finance the transformation of food systems to end hunger by 2030 and achieve SDG2. The key questions analyzed are: given the estimated costs involved in the transformation of food systems to achieve zero hunger, (1) What are the financing options available? (2) What is their quantitative availability? and (3) How to mobilize/reallocate the potential sources of finance? The concepts proposed here include international development finance, public budgets, banking, and capital markets at the global and national levels. A robust pipeline of investable opportunities should be established with an adequate profile and clear, measurable, and monitorable impact objectives, aligned with achieving SDG2 and ending hunger. Guarantee for “zero hunger” bonds is proposed to finance related public programs, and, in support of that, it is suggested that 2% of the new allocation of SDRs of 650 billion dollars be assigned to a fund, which could be set up within the IMF, to guarantee the interest rate payments of zero hunger bonds issued by developing countries as part of a Zero Hunger Alliance.
The Bioeconomy and Food System Transformation
Authors: Trigo Eduardo , Chavarria Hugo , Pray Carl , Smyth Stuart J. , Torroba Agustin , Wesseler Justus , Zilberman David , Martinez Juan F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter identifies opportunities around bioeconomic concepts for the transformation of food systems. Bioeconomy is a multi-dimensional concept and blends well with the food systems concept. Its goals include the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; the efficient use of energy and material; responsible consumption; and social inclusion through innovation, with a focus on the transformation of the structure of production. Bioeconomy makes important contributions to sustainable economic growth from the environmental and social points of view, offering direct jobs and employment and higher value addition. Bioeconomy offers support for the transformation of food systems by increasing crop and livestock yields through sustainable intensification activities. It can strengthen local value chains, promoting the reuse and recycling of food resources. These strategies at the local level contribute to poverty reduction through the creation of new rural jobs. Food system resilience can be strengthened based on the diversification of agricultural commodity production, the increased use of bio-based inputs in agriculture and the diversification of rural incomes through the rural production of bioenergy, bio-based industry and environmental services. Bioeconomy can be effectively used for the upscaling of biotechnology innovations, improved environmental sustainability and climate resilience, and improved nutrition and health. Links between the bioeconomy and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are demonstrated by using the indicators of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for monitoring and evaluating the bioeconomy.
How Could Science–Policy Interfaces Boost Food System Transformation?
Authors: Hainzelin Etienne , Caron Patrick , Place Frank , Alpha Arlène , Dury Sandrine , Echeverria Ruben , Harding Amanda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe world’s food systems must be transformed to make healthier diets more accessible for all, while increasing the sustainability and resilience of these systems, as clearly called for in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Scientists and policymakers are among the actors necessary for this transformation. This chapter reviews the importance of the interfaces between science and policy and how these interfaces can become more active and effective. There is no single science—policy interface, but rather many, at different scales, for different functions, addressing different challenges. Strengthening, connecting, and streamlining these interfaces can ensure the consistency and success of food system transformation. To improve science—policy interfaces, the scientific community should (1) generate actionable knowledge, data, and metrics to move beyond obstacles, and address trade-offs and barriers to change, including power asymmetry, path dependency, conflicts of interest, and risk and uncertainty; (2) articulate models, knowledge, and place-based innovations for designing, implementing, and assessing specific transformative pathways—this requires specific arrangements, dialogues, and approaches, including scientific ones; (3) connect expertise mechanisms, such as scientific committees, to address multisectoral and multiscale processes for sustainable development; and (4) strengthen scientific cooperation through major challenge-oriented alliances and programs. Science—policy interfaces can play a decisive role if they are able to dovetail divergent views and overcome polarized debates and sectoral fragmentation. These interfaces must also help us to look ahead and to bridge local and global processes and actions.
Engaging Science in Food System Transformation: Toward Implementation of the Action Agenda of the United Nations Food Systems Summit
Authors: von Braun Joachim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the “Chair Summary and Statement of Action on the UN Food Systems Summit,” the UN Secretary-General emphasized the role of science for the transformation of the food systems. A “Food Systems Follow-up Coordination Hub” and “Country Level Platforms led by the (national) Government(s)” will lead the follow-up on the UNFSS Action Agenda. A community of science and knowledge organizations relevant to food systems research (food systems-relevant science landscape, FSSL) is envisioned to support the implementation of the agenda to transform food systems. This chapter outlines a concept for the contribution of science for implementation of the UNFSS Action Agenda at the national, regional, and global levels. The contours of the national-, regional- and international-level FSSL are outlined for engagement with policy and stakeholder communities. Also, a framework for mapping the national level FSSL for individual countries is exemplified.There is need for a global science-policy interface (SPI) on food systems linked with national and regional SPIs. For successful implementation of the Action Agenda and the transformation of food systems, countries’ local research capacities need to be enhanced.
AI Super-Resolution: Application to Turbulence and Combustion
Authors: Bode M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article summarizes and discusses recent developments with respect to artificial intelligence (AI) super-resolution as a subfilter model for large-eddy simulations. The focus is on the application of physics-informed enhanced super-resolution generative adversarial networks (PIESRGANs) for subfilter closure in turbulence and combustion applications. A priori and a posteriori results are presented for various applications, ranging from decaying turbulence to finite-rate chemistry flows. The high accuracy of AI super-resolution-based subfilter models is emphasized, and advantages and shortcoming are described.
Machine Learning Strategy for Subgrid Modeling of Turbulent Combustion Using Linear Eddy Mixing Based Tabulation
Authors: Ranjan R. , Panchal A. , Karpe S. , Menon S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms with the linear-eddy mixing (LEM) based tabulation for modeling of subgrid turbulence-chemistry interaction. The focus will be on the use of artificial neural network (ANN), particularly, supervised deep learning (DL) techniques within the finite-rate kinetics framework. We discuss the accuracy and efficiency aspects of two different strategies, where LEM based tabulation is used in both of them. While in the first approach, referred to as LANN-LES, the subgrid reaction-rate term is obtained efficiently using ANN in the conventional LEMLES framework, in the other approach referred to as TANN-LES, the filtered reaction rate terms are obtained using ANN. First, we assess the implications of the employed network architecture, and the associated hyperparameters, such as the amount of training and test data, epoch, optimizer, learning rate, sample size, etc. Afterward, the effectiveness of the two strategies is examined by comparing with conventional LES and LEMLES approaches by considering canonical premixed and non-premixed configurations. Finally, we describe the key challenges and future outlook of the use of ML based subgrid modelling within the finite-rate kinetics framework.
The Historical Situation
Authors: Ruonakoski Erika 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow does the history of philosophy affect the situation of women students in the field today and how has that situation changed over the years? From the very early days of philosophy, there have been women with either indirect or direct access to philosophical education. The fact that women are interested in philosophy and want to study it has received some attention even in the texts attributed to ancient philosophers, such as Platoand Phintys. However, ever since those days, women have remained a minority within philosophy and their position in it has been fairly precarious. To analyse the perpetuation of women’s marginalisation in philosophy, I introduce Le Dœuff’s idea of the erotico-theoretical transference and discuss the cult of genius. In addition, I scrutinise the temporal and pedagogical meaning of having women predecessors in philosophy, and suggest ways of integrating such predecessors in the curriculum. The chapter ends with the goals and outcomes of a related experimental summer school titled Feminist Thinking in Historical Perspective.
The Affective, Social and Bodily Situation
Authors: Ruonakoski Erika 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter deals with the affective, social and bodily situation of learning and teaching philosophy, starting with a discussion of the views articulated by both students and professional philosophers in the interviews and answers to the questionnaire on attitudes to studying philosophy. The discussions of women students’ “love” or “passion” for philosophy and of the dynamics of alienation from philosophy lead to an examination of the alienation related to students’ social class, raceand sexual orientation. As we saw earlier, feminist pedagogy has typically tried to surpass the idea of reason that operates as separate from the feeling, sensing and moving body. In this chapter, I discuss the aspect of the senses and how they are and could be integrated in processes of learning more comprehensively. At the end of the chapter, I describe two summer schools. The first of these is the Icelandic one, Philosophy of the Body, which examined the possibility of teaching philosophy “through the body”. The second is the Danish summer school titled Feminist Political Philosophy.