bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An immunofluorescence analysis of the ontogeny of myeloid, T, and B lineage cells in mouse hemopoietic tissues.
Authors: Velardi A , Cooper M D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The population dynamics of granulopoietic cells, B-lineage cells, and T lymphocytes were analyzed by immunofluorescence in mouse hemopoietic tissues as a function of age. Mac-1+ myeloid cells were present on day 11 of gestation in the liver, where they peaked shortly after birth and declined subsequently. Waves of myeloid population growth began in spleen and bone marrow by days 15 and 19, respectively. Mac-1+ cells increased in number to relatively low plateau levels in spleen by the 3rd wk after birth, whereas in the bone marrow higher plateau levels were reached around 3 mo of age. The 14.8 monoclonal antibody was utilized as one marker of B-lineage precursor cells. 14.8+ cells were detected in the liver on day 11 of gestation, reached peak numbers during the first week after birth and decreased thereafter. On day 15 and 19, 14.8+ cells were found in spleen and bone marrow, respectively, and progressively increased in numbers to reach plateau levels in both sites by 3 mo of age. Mu+ pre-B cells appeared in significant numbers in the 13-day fetal liver, reached a peak shortly after birth, and disappeared from the liver by the end of the second postnatal week. Pre-B cells were found in the spleen and bone marrow on days 15 and 19, respectively. In the spleen pre-B cells reached peak values at birth and disappeared 2 wk later. In spite of the sequential appearance of mu+ pre-B cells in fetal liver, spleen, and bone marrow, their sIgM+ B cell progeny appeared in all these hemopoietic tissues on day 17 of gestation. In the liver, sIgM+ B cells reached their peak at birth and declined thereafter. In the spleen and bone marrow, B cells increased to plateau levels between 1 and 4 mo of age. Thy-1.2+ T cells were relatively late acquisitions in all three hemopoietic tissues. Finally, the expression of the 14.8 antigen by mu+ cells was examined as a function of gestational age. While pre-B cells from day-13 fetuses had no detectable 14.8 antigen, the antigen was weakly expressed on the vast majority of the mu+ pre-B cells by day 17 of gestation. Newborn liver cells expressing 14.8 antigen were found to include a small proportion of cells with peroxidase+ granules. Thus, demonstration of rearrangement and expression of immunoglobulin genes may be required for precise identification of cells of B lineage early in ontogeny.
Relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria. II. Natural killer cytotoxicity of Salmonella minnesota Rb 345-unbound human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Authors: Antonaci S , Jirillo E , Ventura M T , Michalek S M , Bonomo L , McGhee J R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spontaneous binding of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to bacteria represents a promising approach for the characterization of lymphocyte subsets mediating different functions. In the light of previous findings on the high degree of spontaneous adherence of S. minnesota Rb cells to PBL, we have evaluated the natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity of PBL subpopulations that fail to bind to Rb bacteria. The S. minnesota Rb-unbound cell fraction exhibits higher levels of cytotoxic capacity, which is related to a more elevated frequency of active NK cells, as determined in an agarose-single cell cytotoxic assay. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the unbound fraction is additionally boosted by interferon-alpha pretreatment. The effector cells bear Fc gamma receptors that are involved in NK cell lysis, because a decrease of NK activity is observed after immune complex modulation of the receptors. Finally, these cells, which display a high percentage (approximately 70%) of typical large granular lymphocyte morphology, express HNK-1, T10, T8, and M1 antigens, and to a lesser extent T3 and T4 antigens. These data indicate a selective enrichment of NK cells in the S. minnesota Rb-unbound fraction.
Measles virus-specific T4+ human cytotoxic T cell clones are restricted by class II HLA antigens.
Authors: Jacobson S , Richert J R , Biddison W E , Satinsky A , Hartzman R J , McFarland H F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have generated measles virus-specific T cell clones from a patient with multiple sclerosis who has been described previously as a strong responder to measles virus. T cell clones were screened on the basis of their capacity to proliferate to measles virus. The cell surface phenotype of each clone was OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-. The majority of these clones (11 of 14) were cytotoxic for their autologous measles virus-infected lymphoblastoid B cell target. This cytotoxicity was specific for measles virus inasmuch as these T cell clones could not lyse influenza or mumps virus-infected B cell targets. By using a panel of HLA-defined measles virus-infected B cell lines, these clones were shown to recognize measles virus in the context of HLA class II determinants. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes HLA class II monomorphic determinants (L243), but not a monoclonal antibody that recognizes HLA class I antigens (W6/32), inhibited the lysis of the autologous measles virus-infected B cell target by these T cell clones. These results demonstrate that these cytotoxic T cell clones specific for measles virus are HLA class II restricted.
Interferon-gamma reduces macrophage-suppressive activity by inhibiting prostaglandin E2 release and inducing interleukin 1 production.
Authors: Boraschi D , Censini S , Tagliabue A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Normal peritoneal M phi of C3H/HeN mice were able to suppress lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion when added to Con A-pulsed spleen cell cultures. However, M phi-suppressive activity could be partially or completely reduced by in vitro pre-exposure to nonimmune IFN-alpha or immune recombinant IFN-gamma. For both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, reduction of M phi suppression was marginal at 10(1) U/ml and became highly significant at 10(2) to 10(3)/ml. The ability of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma to modulate M phi suppression appears to be related to distinct mechanisms. In fact, impairment of M phi suppression by IFN-alpha occurred in parallel to the decrease of M phi capacity to produce PGE2 and the oxygen intermediate O2-, two molecules responsible for M phi-suppressive activity. In contrast, M phi exposed to IFN-gamma showed only impairment of PGE2 production, whereas O2- release was not significantly affected. Furthermore, at variance with IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma directly stimulated M phi to synthesize and release IL 1, a monokine known to promote lymphocyte proliferation.
Structural analysis of an HLA-B7 antigen variant detected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Taketani S , Krangel M S , Spits H , de Vries J , Strominger J L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been demonstrated previously that lymphocytes of donor CF (HLA-A29,w33; B7,14) are not recognized by the HLA-B7-specific CTL clone HG-31. This report presents a structural comparison of the HLA-B7 antigen of donor CF with a "normal" HLA-B7 antigen, derived from the cell line JY. Isoelectric focusing showed that CF HLA-B7 heavy chains were more acidic than JY HLA-B7 heavy chains by the equivalent of a single charge. High pressure liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography comparisons of double-labeled tryptic peptides revealed a single detectable difference, which corresponded to the tryptic peptide spanning residues 112 to 121 on the HLA-B7 heavy chain. Although the complete amino acid sequence of this peptide was not obtained, the partial sequence indicates a substitution of an unidentified amino acid for tyrosine at position 116 of the heavy chain. This residue is found to vary among HLA specificities and to be altered in many H-2Kb mutants.
Preparation, isolation, and immunochemical studies of the cyanogen bromide peptides from a retinal photoreceptor cell autoantigen, S-antigen.
Authors: Gregerson D S , Putterman G J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purified bovine retinal S-antigen (50,000 m.w.) was treated with cyanogen bromide, producing seven major and several minor fragments. Six of the major and one of the minor components were isolated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The peptides were characterized with respect to size by urea-SDS-gel electrophoresis, by amino acid composition, and by their ability to bind antibodies, raised in rabbits immunized with purified bovine S-antigen, in both competition and direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Four of the purified peptides were found, by the direct assay, to bind antibodies in immune sera raised to the intact antigen. Peptides that were negative, or only weakly bound, in the direct enzyme immunoassay were subsequently conjugated to a carrier, poly-L-Glu-Ala-Tyr, and were retested in the enzyme immunoassay in which a peptide of about 25 residues was also found to contain an antigenic determinant. The same five peptides were positive in the competition assays. Isolation of the peptides and gel electrophoresis under reducing and nonreducing conditions revealed that two of the peptides in the reaction mixture were joined by a disulfide linkage.
Antigens of Dirofilaria immitis which are immunogenic in the canine host: detection by immuno-staining of protein blots with the antibodies of occult dogs.
Authors: Boto W M , Powers K G , Levy D A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We describe here the profiles of antigens of Dirofilaria immitis that are immunogenic in dogs. Purebred beagle dogs were inoculated with a standard number of the infective third-stage larvae of the heartworm. Microfilaremia and anti-heartworm antibody levels were monitored by the Knott's test and by ELISA, respectively. Antibody-binding polypeptides were detected by immunoperoxidase staining of protein blots of detergent extracts of adult parasites from SDS-PAGE gels. Densitometric scans of these blots revealed considerable variation in the profiles of dirofilarial antigens detected by the sera obtained at different stages of the infection. Sera obtained during the prepatent phase, i.e., 3 mo post-infection (titer 1:2000), detected antigens of Mr 75, 80, 100, 130, and 200 kilodaltons. In addition to these antigens, sera obtained at the onset of microfilaremia, 6 mo post-infection (titer 1:30,000), detected antigens of Mr 15, 16, 18, 34, and 38 kilodaltons. Protein blots stained with sera from dogs, which subsequently cleared the microfilaremia and in which the infection became occult, showed that most of the antibody reactivities were directed at antigens of Mr 15, 21, and 38 kilodaltons. The variations in the species of molecules detected in sera obtained during the course of an infection seem to reflect fluctuations in the levels of specific antibodies directed at the individual heartworm antigens. We discuss the apparent role that the metamorphic differentiation of the parasite may play in determining the levels of reactivities of these antibodies at specific stages of the infection.
Homologous and distinctive antigens of Onchocerca volvulus and Dirofilaria immitis: detection by an enzyme-linked immuno-inhibition assay.
Authors: Boto W M , D'Antonio R , Levy D A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The limited accessibility of specimens of Onchocerca volvulus has hampered investigations of factors that determine the clinical course of infection of man by this filarial nematode. Parasites antigenically related to O. volvulus have been variously proposed as alternative sources of test antigens. The present study has utilized serologic methods to probe the degree of identity of the antigenic constituents of O. volvulus and Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm. 35S-methionine-labeled proteins of dog heartworm microfilariae (mf) were analyzed in immunoprecipitation assays by using a panel of sera drawn from humans diagnosed for onchocerciasis and from canines infected with D. immitis. Unique and common antigens detected by these sera were resolved in polyacrylamide gels. The majority of high-titered human and infected dog sera reacted with antigenic molecules estimated at 15, 16, 28, 42, 54, 66, and 100 kilodaltons. In addition, a subset of these sera detected large amounts of a 75 kilodalton antigen. Human anti-O. volvulus antibodies were found to bind to intact glutaraldehyde-fixed mf of D. immitis in immunoperoxidase assays. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the same sera reacted with extracts of three distinct developmental stages of the canine pathogen--namely, the mf, embryonated eggs, and adult worms. Preincubation of dirofilarial antigens with human anti-O. volvulus sera inhibited the binding of dog anti-heartworm serum by as much as 70%. Sera of guinea pigs hyperimmunized with mf of O. volvulus inhibited the binding of the immune dog serum to the same extent. These results represent evidence for extensive homology in the antigenic composition of O. volvulus and D. immitis.
Delayed hypersensitivity granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in vitro. III. Granuloma formation and modulation in human Schistosomiasis mansoni.
Authors: Doughty B L , Ottesen E A , Nash T E , Phillips S M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An in vitro model of granuloma formation was used to study the cellular immune responses of Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients. The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship of granulomatous hypersensitivity to S. mansoni eggs in recent, well-defined infections and long-term chronic infections, and to determine the role of T cell subsets (OKT3, 4, and 8) defined by monoclonal antibodies in granulomatous hypersensitivity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with recent S. mansoni infections demonstrated increased granulomatous hypersensitivity responses in vitro when compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients infected for 5 yr or more. The selective removal of infected for 5 yr or more. The selective removal of OKT3+ or OKT4+ cells reduced the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to form granulomas in vitro. Positive selection for OKT4+ T cells produced optimal granulomatous hypersensitivity when compared to that produced by the unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell population. OKT8+ cells demonstrated no ability to form granulomas in vitro. Selective removal of OKT8+ T cells produced variable results in the ability of the remaining peripheral blood mononuclear cells to form granulomas in vitro. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of investigating granulomatous hypersensitivity and immunoregulatory mechanisms operative in S. mansoni-infected patients by using in vitro technology.
Intrathymic lymphopoiesis: stromal cell-associated proliferation of T cells is independent of lymphocyte genotype.
Authors: Kyewski B A , Travis M , Kaplan H S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We analyzed the genetic restriction of direct cell-cell interactions between thymocytes and a) cortical epithelial cells, b) macrophages, and c) medullary dendritic cells in the mouse thymus. Thymectomized (C3H X C57BL/Ka)F1 hybrid mice were doubly grafted with P1 and P2 neonatal thymus grafts, were lethally irradiated, and were reconstituted with a mixture of P1 and P2 bone marrow cells which differed in the Thy-1 locus. The contributions of both parental inocula to the composition of the free and stromal cell-associated T cell compartments were analyzed separately in thymic grafts of each parental strain. The lymphoid composition in both compartments essentially reflected the peripheral T cell-chimerism in the host. The development of lymphostromal complexes was not restricted by the genotype of the partner cells. Statistical analysis of the distributions of P1 and P2 T cells among free thymocytes and within individual lymphostromal complexes, however, suggests that the T cells of an individual complex are the progeny of oligoclonal proliferation. Thus, both epithelial cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells seem to be involved in different stages of intrathymic lymphopoiesis.
Homologous monoclonal antibodies induce idiotope-specific suppression in neonates through maternal influence and in adults exposed during fetal and neonatal life.
Authors: Rothstein T L , Vastola A P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The fine specificity of idiotype suppression induced early in ontogeny was investigated in the murine A/J anti-azophenylarsonate (Ar) response. Suppression was induced with two hapten-inhibitable, homologous monoclonal anti-idiotopic antibodies, AI and MB, that recognize partially overlapping sets of Ar-immune antibodies. Suppression was found to be idiotope-specific when adult mice were exposed to anti-idiotope as neonates; suppression was also idiotope specific when adult mice were exposed to anti-idiotope during fetal (through maternal inoculation) and neonatal life. Of particular interest, anti-idiotope, administered maternally, induced suppression in offspring first immunized with Ar as neonates, and this suppression was idiotope specific too. Thus, AI and MB induce idiotope-specific suppression in mice exposed to anti-idiotope early in ontogeny. These results parallel previous findings in adult mice and suggest that the mechanism of suppression in very young mice is the same as that in adults.
A comparison of the stimulatory activities of lymphoid dendritic cells and macrophages in T proliferative responses to various antigens.
Authors: Guidos C , Wong M , Lee K C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The identities of murine accessory cells and the mechanism by which they process antigen and stimulate T cell proliferation have been examined with cell separation techniques and specific agents to block antigen catabolism. Using preparations of splenic dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (M phi) with minimal cross-contamination, we found that only DC could induce syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), whereas both DC and M phi could initiate allogeneic MLR. This observation may have significant implications for syngeneic MLR as a manifestation of self Ia recognition, and for the cell type that defines self Ia during ontogeny. DC and M phi could present soluble antigens such as purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) and Salmonella flagellin about equally well to antigen-specific T cell lines. M phi, however, were much more effective than the non-phagocytic DC at inducing T cell proliferation to whole Corynebacterium parvum organisms. These differences could not be attributed to differences in antigen uptake. The results suggest that the bacteria must be ingested and processed by phagocytes before T cell activation. Using the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine to inhibit antigen catabolism in accessory cells, we found that the presentation of large antigens by M phi and DC was abolished by chloroquine treatment, whereas T cell activation by antigens (such as PPD or integral membrane Ia for MLR) that apparently required no processing was relatively insensitive to chloroquine. Thus, in addition to differences between cells, discrete functions within each cell type can also be distinguished.
Ontogeny of B cell markers in the human fetal liver.
Authors: Hofman F M , Danilovs J , Husmann L , Taylor C R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human fetal liver was examined during various stages of gestation for the presence of B cells by using immunoglobulin isotype markers and monoclonal B cell antibodies. Frozen sections were studied with the use of single and double staining methods. The B cell monoclonal antibodies used were BA1, which defines both mature and immature B cells; B1, which identifies mature B cells; and B532, which binds to activated mature B cells. The data indicate that both BA1 and mu+ cells are present at 12 wk gestation, and increase in frequency with age. Delta and B1-bearing cells are detected only later in fetal life. Phenotypically identifiable T cells are present at low frequencies in the fetal liver throughout the time period examined (12 to 21 wk). At 12 to 13 wk gestation, the numbers of kappa- and lambda-chain-positive cells are two to three times greater than the number of mu+ cells. Based on morphology and staining with OKM1, these light chain-bearing cells appear to be non-lymphoid, most likely cells of macrophage origin that have phagocytosed maternal IgG. Our results show that the monoclonal antibodies reacting with subsets of B cells in adults can also be used to define distinct subsets of B and pre-B cells in the fetal liver.
Ontogeny of B lymphocyte function. XV. A role for thymus cells in the maturation of the capacity of a subpopulation of B cells to re-express surface immunoglobulin after treatment with anti-immunoglobulin.
Authors: Chen Y W , Jacobson E B , Siskind G W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The maturation of the C57BL/6 B cell population to be able to re-express surface immunoglobulin (sIg) after its removal by treatment with rabbit antimouse Ig (RAMIg) was studied in a cell transfer system. It was found that thymus cells were required for the maturation of a subset of the B cell population to be able to re-express sIg. The B cell population of irradiated, thymectomized mice reconstituted with spleen cells from donors under 2 wk of age remained deficient in their ability to re-express sIg even after 4 wk residence in the cell transfer recipient. In contrast, if adult thymus cells were transferred together with the immature B cells, the B cell population matured to be able to re-express sIg after treatment with RAMIg. Approximately one-third of the B cell population appears to require thymus cells for this maturation. The maturation of the thymus cell population to be capable of mediating this maturation of the B cell population occurs in two steps: between 2 and 3 and between 3 and 4 wk of age. This timing corresponds to the age at which the B cell population of C57BL/6 mice normally acquires the capacity to re-express sIg, which we have previously shown to also occur in two steps. Thymus cells from 3-wk-old donors can mediate the first step in B cell maturation to be able to re-express sIg, but cannot mediate the second step in this maturation of the B cell population. Thymus cells from 4-wk-old donors can mediate both steps in the maturation of the B cell population. The results suggest that thymus cells are involved in regulating some aspects of B cell differentiation.
Localization of human myeloid-associated surface antigen detected by a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies to the q12-qter region of chromosome 11.
Authors: van Kessel A G , Tetteroo P , van Agthoven T , Paulussen R , van Dongen J , Hagemeijer A , von dem Borne A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human x mouse myeloid cell hybrids were obtained after fusion of human leucocytes and the murine myeloid cell line WEHI-TG. The hybrids were tested for reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies with a known myelocytic, monocytic, or myelomonocytic specificity. Twenty antibodies, all of which bind specifically to the surface of human myeloid cells, exhibited very similar reactivity patterns with the hybrid clones. Chromosomal analysis of hybrid cell metaphases revealed that the gene(s) involved in the expression of the antigen(s) recognized by these antibodies must be located on human chromosome 11 in the region q12-qter. These results are compatible with the evidence obtained from other studies that several, if not all, of the myeloid-specific antibodies used are reactive with a similar antigenic determinant present on human myeloid cells.