bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of terbinafine resistantTrichophytonspp. in Italy: Clinical presentations, molecular identification, antifungal susceptibility testing and mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene
Authors: Bortoluzzi P. , Prigitano A. , Sechi A. , Boneschi V. , Germiniasi F. , Esposto M. C. , Romanò L. , Pavan G. , Matinato C. , Veraldi S. , Marzano A. V. , Grancini A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNumerous reports of resistance to terbinafine inTrichophytonspp. from all over the world are arousing justified attention and concern. Point mutations in the gene that encodes the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) enzyme are responsible for these therapeutic resistances.ObjectivesPrimary objective of the study was to describe first isolates ofTrichophytonspp. resistant to terbinafine among the patients treated between September 2019 and June 2022 at the Dermatology Units of Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and San Bortolo Hospital. Secondary objective was to study the resistance mechanism.MethodsPatients with confirmedTrichophytonspp. infection has been treated with systemic and topical terbinafine. Patients were then re‐evaluated 12 weeks after the therapy. Patients with incomplete or absent response to terbinafine underwent a new skin scraping for direct mycological examination, new identification of dermatophyte species from culture and MALDI‐TOF, molecular species identification, antifungal susceptibility testing and molecular analysis of SQLE gene.ResultsWe identified five patients without clinical response to treatment with terbinafine. The DNA sequencing of the ITS region identified oneTrichophyton rubrumand fourTrichophyton indotineae. TheT. rubrumstrain showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (90% growth inhibition) of 4 mg/L for terbinafine. The fourT. indotineaestrains showed a MICs range of 0.25–4 mg/L for terbinafine. The analysis of the SQLE gene in theT. rubrumstrain showed a nucleotide substitution generating a missense mutation (L393F). The SQLE gene sequencing in theT. indotineaestrains showed a nucleotide substitution generating a missense mutation (F397L) in two strains, a nucleotide substitution L393S in one strain and a nucleotide substitution F415C in another strain.ConclusionsWe report the first cases of terbinafine‐resistantTrichophytonisolates in the Italian population. Solid antifungal management programs will be needed to promote more responsible use of antimycotics and preserve their therapeutic efficacy to control antifungal resistance.
Renal involvement in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: A narrative review
Authors: La Bella Saverio , Di Ludovico Armando , Di Donato Giulia , Scorrano Giovanna , Chiarelli Francesco , Vivarelli Marina , Breda Luciana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are mostly caused by dysfunctions in single genes encoding for proteins with a prominent role in the regulation of innate immunity, such as complement factors, inflammasome components, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and proteins belonging to type I‐interferon (IFN) signalling pathways. Due to the deposition of amyloid A (AA) fibrils in the glomeruli, unprovoked inflammation in AIDs frequently affects renal health. In fact, secondary AA amyloidosis is the most common form of amyloidosis in children. It is caused by the extracellular deposition of fibrillar low‐molecular weight protein subunits resulting from the degradation and accumulation of serum amyloid A (SAA) in numerous tissues and organs, primarily the kidneys. The molecular mechanisms underlying AA amyloidosis in AIDs are the elevated levels of SAA, produced by the liver in response to pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and a genetic predisposition due to specific SAA isoforms. Despite the prevalence of amyloid kidney disease, non‐amyloid kidney diseases may also be responsible for chronic renal damage in children with AIDs, albeit with distinct characteristics. Glomerular damage can result in various forms of glomerulonephritis with distinct histologic characteristics and a different underlying pathophysiology. This review aims to describe the potential renal implications in patients with inflammasomopathies, type‐I interferonopathies, and other rare AIDs in an effort to improve the clinical course and quality of life in paediatric patients with renal involvement.
The ubiquitin‐binding protein MdRAD23D1 mediates drought response by regulating degradation of the proline‐rich protein MdPRP6 in apple (Malus domestica)
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Li , Gong Xiao‐Qing , Su Xin‐Jian , Yu Hai‐Xia , Cheng Si‐Yuan , Huang Jing‐Wen , Li Dan‐Yang , Lei Zhao‐Long , Li Ming‐jun , Ma Feng‐wang 
Published: May 2023

SummaryRAD23 (RADIATION SENSITIVE23) proteins are a group of UBL‐UBA (ubiquitin‐like‐ubiquitin‐associated) proteins that shuttle ubiquitylated proteins to the 26S proteasome for breakdown. Drought stress is a major environmental constraint that limits plant growth and production, but whether RAD23 proteins are involved in this process is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that a shuttle protein, MdRAD23D1, mediated drought response in apple plants (Malus domestica). MdRAD23D1 levels increased under drought stress, and its suppression resulted in decreased stress tolerance in apple plants. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that MdRAD23D1 interacted with a proline‐rich protein MdPRP6, resulting in the degradation of MdPRP6 by the 26S proteasome. And MdRAD23D1 accelerated the degradation of MdPRP6 under drought stress. Suppression of MdPRP6 resulted in enhanced drought tolerance in apple plants, mainly because the free proline accumulation is changed. And the free proline is also involved in MdRAD23D1‐mediated drought response. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that MdRAD23D1 and MdPRP6 oppositely regulated drought response. MdRAD23D1 levels increased under drought, accelerating the degradation of MdPRP6. MdPRP6 negatively regulated drought response, probably by regulating proline accumulation. Thus, “MdRAD23D1‐MdPRP6” conferred drought stress tolerance in apple plants.
Politicization of a Pathogen: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of COVID‐19 Responses in a Nationally Representative U.S. Sample
Authors: Relihan Daniel P. , Holman E. Alison , Garfin Dana Rose , Ditto Peter H. , Silver Roxane Cohen 
Published: May 2023

Understanding population‐level variability in responses to pathogens over time is important for developing effective health‐based messages targeted at ideologically diverse populations. Research from psychological and political sciences suggests that party and elite cues shape how people respond to major threats like climate change. Research on responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic suggests similar variability across party identities; however, prior work has methodological limitations. This prospective, longitudinal study of a large probability‐based nationally representative U.S. sample assessed in March–April 2020 (N = 6,514) and then 6 months later in September–October 2020 (N = 5,661) demonstrates that COVID‐19 fear, perceived COVID‐19 death risk, and reported health‐protective behaviors became increasingly polarized over the first 6 months of the pandemic. Initial differences between Democrats and Republicans failed to converge over time and became more pronounced. Responses among Republicans were further polarized by support for former President Donald Trump: Trump Republicans initially reported weaker responses to COVID‐19 than non‐Trump Republicans, and these differences became more pronounced over time. Importantly, political identity and Trump support were not linked to perceived infection risk of a nonpoliticized pathogen, the flu. Finally, political identity and Republican Trump support prospectively predicted COVID‐19 vaccine intentions 6 months into the pandemic.
Biomechanical Analysis of Mandibular Bone-Implant Construct With Three Implant Screw Design: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Banerjee Anik , Choudhury Sandeep , Rana Masud , Chakraborty Arindam , Gupta Abhisek , Chowdhury Amit Roy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) is a surgical procedure that relies heavily on the biomechanical properties of the implant-bone interface for success. In this study, we investigated the effects of three commonly used implant screw thread designs (buttress, square, and triangle) on the biomechanical performance of the mandibular bone-implant construct, with the aim of improving osseointegration. Using finite element analysis, we simulated the mechanical behavior of the prosthesis and mandible and examined the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint. We considered five coefficients of friction ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 in our analyses. Our hypothesis was that changing the screw thread shape while keeping the pitch, height, and depth constant could enhance the biomechanical environment at the peri-implant bone. Our results indicate that the square thread design produced the highest stress concentration, while the triangle thread design exhibited the most favorable distribution of stress around the implant. Furthermore, increasing the coefficient of friction led to an increase in stress concentration in the implant and surrounding bone. Our findings offer valuable insights into the biomechanical performance of different screw thread designs in the mandibular bone-implant construct. They highlight the significance of considering screw thread shape and coefficient of friction in TMJR implant design. Future studies should incorporate the viscoelastic properties of bone to improve the accuracy of finite element analysis. This research contributes to the optimization of TMJR implants and ultimately enhances patient outcomes.
Placebo response in trials with patients with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and stress disorders across the lifespan: a three-level meta-analysis
Authors: Motta Luis Souza , Gosmann Natan Pereira , Costa Marianna de Abreu , Jaeger Marianna de Barros , Frozi Júlia , Grevet Laura Tietzmann , Spanemberg Lucas , Manfro Gisele Gus , Cuijpers Pim , Pine Daniel Samuel , Salum Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

QuestionRandomised controlled trials assessing treatments for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and stress-related disorders often present high placebo response rates in placebo groups. Understanding the placebo response is essential in accurately estimating the benefits of pharmacological agents; nevertheless, no studies have evaluated the placebo response across these disorders using a lifespan approach.Study selection and analysisWe searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane, websites of regulatory agencies and international registers from inception to 9 September 2022. The primary outcome was the aggregate measure of internalising symptoms of participants in the placebo arms of randomised controlled trials designed to assess the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in individuals diagnosed with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive or stress-related disorders. The secondary outcomes were placebo response and remission rates. Data were analysed through a three-level meta-analysis.FindingsWe analysed 366 outcome measures from 135 studies (n=12 583). We found a large overall placebo response (standardised mean difference (SMD)=−1.11, 95% CI −1.22 to −1.00). The average response and remission rates in placebo groups were 37% and 24%, respectively. Larger placebo response was associated with a diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, when compared with panic, social anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (SMD range, 0.40–0.49), and with absence of a placebo lead-in period (SMD=0.44, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.78). No significant differences were found in placebo response across age groups. We found substantial heterogeneity and moderate risk of bias.ConclusionsPlacebo response is substantial in SSRI and SNRI trials for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and stress-related disorders. Clinicians and researchers should accurately interpret the benefits of pharmacological agents in contrast to placebo response.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017069090.
Stereotactic-guided direct orbital puncture for treatment of orbital arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Robledo Ariadna , Frank Thomas S , Karas Patrick J , Shaltoni Hashem , O'Leary Sean , Darling Robert , Kan Peter 
Published: May 2023

The patient presented with left-sided chemosis, exophthalmos, and progressive visual loss. Cerebral angiography ed a left orbital arteriovenous malformation and an associated hematoma, with the point of fistulation between the left ophthalmic artery and the anterior section of the inferior ophthalmic vein, with retrograde flow through the superior ophthalmic vein. Transvenous embolization through the anterior facial and angular veins was unsuccessful, with residual shunting. Stereotactic-guided direct venous puncture and Onyx embolization was subsequently performed in the hybrid operating room (OR) to cure the fistula. A subciliary incision allowed for retraction of the orbital contents, creating an optimal trajectory. An endonasal endoscopic approach was performed after the embolization to decompress the orbit. This procedure is shown in video 1.1–11Video 1
Absorbable gelatin compressed sponge (Gelfoam) embolization of distal external carotid artery branches in intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma
Authors: Akkari Fouad Georges , Stathopoulos Christina , Puccinelli Francesco , Hajdu Steven D , Beck-Popovic Maja , Munier Francis L , Saliou Guillaume , Bartolini Bruno 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundIn intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma, a backflow from unreachable external carotid artery branches in the ophthalmic artery can be challenging.ObjectiveTo describe a new endovascular technique using Gelfoam pledgets to temporarily occlude distal branches of the external carotid artery to reverse the competitive backflow into the ophthalmic artery in order to perform intra-arterial chemotherapy via the ostium of the ophthalmic artery in selected cases.MethodsWe queried our prospectively collected database of 327 consecutive patients treated for retinoblastoma by intra-arterial chemotherapy and identified those employing Gelfoam pledgets. We describe this new technique with emphasis on feasibility and safety.ResultsWe treated 11 eyes with 14 infusions of intra-arterial chemotherapy using Gelfoam pledgets to occlude the distal branches of the external carotid artery. We report no perioperative complications due to this occlusion technique. At the ophthalmologic follow-up 1 month after the injection of Gelfoam pledgets, all cases showed tumor regression or stable disease. Two injections into the same eye as the rescue intra-arterial chemotherapy infusion resulted in a transient exudative retinal detachment, and one injection in a heavily pretreated case was followed by iris neovascularization and retinal ischemia. None of the pledget injections led to irreversible vision-threatening intraocular complications.ConclusionsIntra-arterial chemotherapy in retinoblastoma using Gelfoam to transiently occlude the distal branches of the external carotid artery and reverse the backflow into the ophthalmic artery seems feasible and safe. Larges series will help to confirm the effectiveness of this new technique.
Effect of anesthetic strategies on distal stroke thrombectomy in the anterior and posterior cerebral artery
Authors: Meyer Lukas , Stracke Christian Paul , Broocks Gabriel , Wallocha Marta , Elsharkawy Mohamed , Sporns Peter B , Piechowiak Eike I , Kaesmacher Johannes , Maegerlein Christian , Hernandez Petzsche Moritz Roman , Zimmermann Hanna , Naziri Weis , Abdullayev Nuran , Kabbasch Christoph , Behme Daniel , Thormann Maximilian , Maus Volker , Fischer Sebastian , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Weyland Charlotte Sabine , Langner Soenke , Ernst Marielle , Jamous Ala , Meila Dan , Miszczuk Milena , Siebert Eberhard , Lowens Stephan , Krause Lars Udo , Yeo Leonard LL , Tan Benjamin Y Q , Gopinathan Anil , Gory Benjamin , Galvan Fernandez Jorge , Schüller Arteaga Miguel , Navia Pedro , Raz Eytan , Shapiro Maksim , Arnberg Fabian , Zeleňák Kamil , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , Alexandrou Maria , Kastrup Andreas , Papanagiotou Panagiotis , Dorn Franziska , Kemmling André , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Andersson Tommy , Chapot René , Fiehler Jens , Hanning Uta 
Published: May 2023

Background
Numerous questions regarding procedural details of distal stroke thrombectomy remain unanswered. This study assesses the effect of anesthetic strategies on procedural, clinical and safety outcomes following thrombectomy for distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs).

Methods
Patients with isolated DMVO stroke from the TOPMOST registry were analyzed with regard to anesthetic strategies (ie, conscious sedation (CS), local (LA) or general anesthesia (GA)). Occlusions were in the P2/P3 or A2–A4 segments of the posterior and anterior cerebral arteries (PCA and ACA), respectively. The primary endpoint was the rate of complete reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 3) and the secondary endpoint was the rate of modified Rankin Scale score 0–1. Safety endpoints were the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality.

Results
Overall, 233 patients were included. The median age was 75 years (range 64–82), 50.6% (n=118) were female, and the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 8 (IQR 4–12). DMVOs were in the PCA in 59.7% (n=139) and in the ACA in 40.3% (n=94). Thrombectomy was performed under LA±CS (51.1%, n=119) and GA (48.9%, n=114). Complete reperfusion was reached in 73.9% (n=88) and 71.9% (n=82) in the LA±CS and GA groups, respectively (P=0.729). In subgroup analysis, thrombectomy for ACA DMVO favored GA over LA±CS (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.24 to 7.57, P=0.015). Rates of secondary and safety outcomes were similar in the LA±CS and GA groups.

Conclusion
LA±CS compared with GA resulted in similar reperfusion rates after thrombectomy for DMVO stroke of the ACA and PCA. GA may facilitate achieving complete reperfusion in DMVO stroke of the ACA. Safety and functional long-term outcomes were comparable in both groups.
Stretch goals have enduring appeal, but are the right organisations using them?
Authors: See Kelly E , Miller C Chet , Sitkin Sim B 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe healthcare industry faces significant challenges and opportunities that demand lofty aspirations and novel approaches. Pursuing seemingly impossible goals, popularly known as ‘stretch goals’, can be a way to instigate dramatic change and innovation, but such extreme goals also come with substantial risks. After briefly reporting the results of a national survey we conducted to provide examples of how stretch goals are used in healthcare, we review and translate prior research on the effects of stretch goals on organisations and their members.FindingsThe survey results indicate that stretch goals are used regularly in healthcare and a wide range of other industries. Roughly half of respondents indicated that their current employer had used a stretch goal in the past 12 months. Healthcare stretch goals were focused on reductions in errors, wait times, and no-show rates, and increases in workload, patient satisfaction, clinical research participation, and vaccination uptake. Our review of prior research suggests that stretch goals can instigate both positive and negative psychological, emotional, and behavioural reactions. Although existing scholarly evidence suggests that stretch goals will have problematic effects on learning and performance for the majority of organisations that use them, stretch goals actually can have beneficial effects under some specific circumstances that we outline.ConclusionStretch goals are risky yet regularly used in healthcare and many other industries. They can be valuable, but only when an organisation has both strong recent performance and available slack resources to devote to goal pursuit. Under other conditions, stretch goals tend to be demotivating and destructive. We explain the paradoxical nature of stretch goals, whereby the organisations least likely to benefit from them are most likely to adopt them, and offer guidance on how healthcare leaders can tailor their goal setting practices to conditions most likely to lead to successful outcomes.
Observational appearance of a freely-falling star in an asymmetric thin-shell wormhole
Authors: Chen Yiqian , Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt has been recently reported that, at late times, the total luminosity of a star freely falling in black holes decays exponentially with time, and one or two series of flashes with decreasing intensity are seen by a specific observer, depending on the number of photon spheres. In this paper, we examine observational appearances of an infalling star in a reflection-asymmetric wormhole, which has two photon spheres, one on each side of the wormhole. We find that the late-time total luminosity measured by distant observers gradually decays with time or remains roughly constant due to the absence of the event horizon. Moreover, a specific observer would detect a couple of light flashes in a bright background at late times. These observations would offer a new tool to distinguish wormholes from black holes, even those with multiple photon spheres.
Dark matter implications of the neutron anomaly
Authors: Darini Leonardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMotivated by the neutron decay anomaly, we reconsider the neutron decay model $$n \rightarrow \chi \chi \chi $$

n
→
χ
χ
χ

, where the new species $$\chi $$
χ
plays the role of dark matter. We precisely compute the $$\bar{\chi } n \rightarrow \chi \chi $$

χ

¯

n
→
χ
χ

rate finding that fitting the anomaly compatibly with all bounds needs at least two ”generations” of the $$\chi $$
χ
particle.
Opportunities for studying $${ C }$$-even resonances at a 3–12 GeV photon collider
Authors: Beloborodov K. I. , Kharlamova T. A. , Moortgat-Pick G. , Telnov V. I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, a$$\gamma \gamma $$γγcollider based on the existing 17.5 GeV linac of the European XFEL has been proposed. High-energy photons will be generated by Compton scattering of laser photons with a wavelength of 0.5–1$${\,\upmu \mathrm m}$$μmon electrons. Such a photon collider covers the range of invariant masses$$W_{\gamma \gamma } <12$$Wγγ<12$${\mathrm {\,Ge V\!/}c^2}$$GeV/c2. The physics program includes spectroscopy of$$ C $$C-even resonances (c-,b-quarkonia, 4-quark states, glueballs) in various$$J^P$$JPstates. Variable circular and linear polarizations will help in determining the quantum numbers. In this paper, we present a summary of measured and predicted two-photon widths of various resonances in the mass region 3–12$${\mathrm {\,Ge V\!/}c^2}$$GeV/c2and investigate the experimental possibility of observing these heavy two-photon resonances under the conditions of a large multi-hadron background. Registration of all final particles is assumed. The minimum values of$$\varGamma _{\gamma \gamma }(W)$$Γγγ(W)are obtained at which resonances can be detected at a$$5\sigma $$5σconfidence level in 1 year of operation.