bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Total Syntheses of Secologanin-Related Natural Products: A Demonstration of the Power of Secologanin in the Flask
Authors: Ishikawa Hayato , Sakamoto Jukiya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe preparation of natural product libraries by total synthesis has become an extremely important and attractive research topic in organic chemistry. In higher plants, secologanin, which belongs to the monoterpene family, is the starting point for derivation into natural products with different skeletons and biological activities. This Account presents a practical total synthesis of secologanin using an asymmetric organocatalytic cascade reaction. In addition, a collective total synthesis of secologanin-related natural products, such as monoterpenoid indole alkaloids and hetero-oligomeric iridoid glycosides, is described from the synthesized secologanin and its derivatives. To date, we have successfully synthesized 39 secologanin-related natural products using bioinspired strategies with reference to biosynthesis, and in this Account, details of the synthetic strategies for 20 of them are presented. By combining these total syntheses into a single Account, we hope to provide a better view of how the pieces connect to one another and how each piece fits together into the overall body of work.1	Introduction2	A Practical Total Synthesis of Secologanin3	Total Syntheses of 5-Carboxystrictosidine and Related Indole Alkaloid Glycosides4	Total Syntheses of Strictosidine and Related Indole Alkaloid Glycosides5	Total Syntheses of β-Carboline-Type Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid Glycosides6	Total Syntheses of Non-Glycosylated Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids7	Total Syntheses of Hetero-Oligomeric Iridoid Glycosides8	Conclusion and Future Prospects
Post-craniotomy Pain: An Update
Authors: Samagh Navneh , Jangra Kiran , Dey Ankita 
Published: April 2023

AbstractApproximately two-thirds of patients experience moderate to severe intensity pain following craniotomy. It is often undertreated due to fear of unfavorable side effects of commonly used analgesic drugs. The objectives of this review are to discuss the various aspects of acute and chronic post-craniotomy pain including its incidence, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, preventive strategies, and management in adult patients. The data have been consolidated based on our literature search from 1978 to 2021 using various databases including Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed Central. We conclude that one must act at the earliest using various treatment modalities for post-craniotomy pain management.
Emergency Neurosurgery in a Patient with a Large Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Sitting on a Bomb
Authors: Lingareddy Vyshnavi , Vattipalli Sameera , Chavali Siddharth , Kanasani Suresh , Raju Subodh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThoracic aortic aneurysms larger than 5 cm are associated with a fatal risk of rupture, and their diagnosis is usually followed by urgent surgical repair. Other complications associated with this condition include heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Literature regarding management of these patients for emergency noncardiac surgeries is scarce, with anecdotal reports advising both surgeries in the same sitting. However, neurosurgical procedures present a unique challenge in this situation, since systemic anticoagulation may be associated with a rebleed within the cranial vault. In this case report, we present an extremely rare and challenging scenario, wherein a patient with a 6.2-cm thoracic aortic aneurysm underwent subdural hematoma evacuation prior to aneurysmal repair.
The Peroxidative Changes in Rat Brain Tissue Homogenates by Vitamin C and Deferoxamine against Vanadium-Stimulated Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: El-Shaari Fatum A. , Haider Syed Saleem , M-El-Fakhri Rehab 
Published: April 2023

Objectives Vanadium (V) metal induces lipid peroxidation (LPO) and this has been proposed as a cause for its neurotoxicity.
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin C (VC) and deferoxamine (DF) against V-induced LPO in brain tissue homogenates in vitro.
Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Brains were removed and dissected into hypothalamus, hippocampus, brain stem, and medulla pons. They were homogenized in150mM potassium chloride (KCl), and incubated for 1 hour with V, VC, and DF in a micromolar concentration of 20 and 100. Aliquots were used for the estimation of LPO in spectrophotometer. Data analysis were done by one-way analysis of variance.
Results V exposure (20 and 100μM) demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.001) enhancement of LPO (average increase with 20μMV was by +105% and with 100μMV was by +130%), respectively, in brain tissue homogenates compared with water controls. Hypothalamus exhibited maximum enhancement (average increase with 20μMV was by +145% and with 100μMV was by +175%, respectively), in LPO than other regions. Coexposure of brain tissue homogenates to V + VC (20 and 100μM) further accelerated the LPO (+24% and +16%, respectively) compared with V alone. Brain stem exhibited highest increases (+54% with 20μMV and +21% with 100μMV; p < 0.001), respectively. V-induced oxidative consequences were remarkably inhibited (average -55%; p < 0.001) by DF + V (20μM + 100μM) exposure. Hypothalamus and medulla pons exhibited inhibition, by −66% and −60% (p < 0.001) respectively.
Conclusion V exposure in vitro resulted in oxidative damage with significant regional variations in brain tissue homogenates. VC is pro-oxidative in vitro reactions and DF chelates V-ion moiety.
Metacognitive Processes in Cancer: A Review
Authors: Rashmi Rekha , Vanlalhruaii Chhakchhuak 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen diagnosed with cancer, the patients and their family go through emotional turmoil across the different phases: diagnosis, assessment, treatment, and aftercare, which decrease their quality of life and well-being. Previously, many studies have highlighted the association of metacognition with the development and maintenance of mental health conditions. Several recent studies have pointed out the significant role of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs in the context of chronic disease. Thus, the present study aims to explore the role of metacognitive processes in cancer. The researchers conducted a narrative review of literature using PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and Science Direct. A total of 31 articles were selected and analyzed. This review article established that patients with cancer and caregivers experience metacognitive beliefs, which are associated with emotional distress, and the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in reducing distress. This study also provides insight into the broader scope to advance research in this field.
Voyage of Measurable Residual Disease Assessment in Multiple Myeloma Using Multiparametric Flow Cytometry
Authors: Das Nupur , Gupta Ritu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMeasurable residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma (MM) has emerged as one of the strongest and independent biomarkers to evaluate therapeutic response for the prediction of long-term treatment outcome. With the incorporation of MRD in response assessment criterion by International Myeloma Working Group, it has become the routine parameter to be assessed at various time points after therapy. Among various techniques to assess MRD, multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC)-based MRD estimation has evolved dramatically over the last two decades achieving sensitivity comparable to molecular methods. Next-generation flow cytometry with the incorporation of innovative tools in MRD detection including consortium-based guidelines for preanalytical and analytical factors led to the overall improvement in MFC-based MRD detection. However, flow cytometry assays suffer from inherent challenges ranging from procedural hemodilution to lack of harmonization and standardization across the centers.This review article outlines and summarizes the essential laboratory prerequisites for reproducible MRD analysis by flow cytometry. Furthermore, a brief account of the utility of MRD evaluation in clinical practice as predictor of response and long-term treatment outcome has also been discussed. Considering the evolution of MFC-based MRD over two decades from a scientific research tool to a routine clinical diagnostic assay, it needs to be explored further in studying complex phenomenon like clonal evolution, clonal switches, and identification of treatment refractory clones for guiding more effective therapies improving overall survival.
Surviving Colorectal Cancer: More Than Treatment
Authors: Xavier Belsiyal C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to contribute to a complete patient perspective on the psychosocial impact of colorectal cancer. The details included patient personal experience of being a colorectal cancer survivor and perception regarding psychosocial support during management of the illness. Health professionals should assume that patients may have difficulty in illness management and should encourage a discussion of patients' concerns.
Self-Limited Epilepsy with Autonomic Seizures (SeLEAS): A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Anand Aakanksha , Kumar Ashna , Garg Divyani , Kansal Bhavya , Saluja Simar , Sharma Suvasini 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective Self-Limited Epilepsy with Autonomic Seizures (SeLEAS), previously known by the eponymous Panayiotopoulos syndrome, is a benign focal epilepsy of the pediatric age group. It is characterized by nocturnal seizures with dominant autonomic features. Limited data from India exists on SeLEAS. We aimed to describe the clinical, demographic, and treatment-related features of SeLEAS.
Methods In this descriptive retrospective cohort study, we reviewed record of children who met criteria for SeLEAS. Each patient's clinical, demographic, electroencephalographic, neuroimaging, and treatment details were reviewed. Response to antiseizure medications was also recorded.
Results Twenty-three children with SeLEAS were enrolled (males = 18; 78.2%). Median age at onset was 4 (interquartile range: 2.5–10) years and median age at presentation was 6 (2.5–11) years. Focal seizures were observed in 65.2% (n = 15) and 30% (n = 7) had history of status epilepticus. Ictal/postictal emesis was observed in all patients. Occipital spikes on electroencephalography were seen in 78% (n = 17). Four children had poor scholastic performance. Most (70%) of patients were well controlled on monotherapy, even with older antiseizure medications.
Conclusion This cohort shows the spectrum of clinical heterogeneity associated with SeLEAS. Although considered benign, occurrence of status epilepticus and poor scholastic performance among some of our patients suggests that some caution may be appropriate while prognosticating such patients. Seizures were well controlled with monotherapy.
Approach to Biliary Malignancies
Authors: Lee Louise , Rajesh Arumugam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiliary malignancies arise from anywhere along the biliary tract and broadly encompass gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Surgical resection with curative intent remains the mainstay treatment for biliary tract malignancies, but despite advances in treatment and management over the years, prognosis remains poor. The majority of patients present with nonspecific clinical symptoms and are diagnosed at late-stage disease when surgical resection is no longer an option. In the minority of patients presenting with early-stage disease, it is particularly important to determine accurate radiological staging and take a multidisciplinary approach to determine patients suitable for curative surgical resection. A range of imaging modalities is often used in combination, each providing complementary information to characterize and stage disease. Gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma are distinct entities and the approach to each of these will be discussed separately.
Role of Indocyanine Green Angiography in Free Flap Surgery: A Comparative Outcome Analysis of a Single-Center Large Series of 877 Consecutive Free Flaps
Authors: Choudhary Sunil , Khanna Soumya , Mantri Raghav , Arora Prateek 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose This study aims to assess and validate the role and cost-effectiveness of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in free flap surgery outcomes. A new intraoperative protocol of whole-body surface warming (WBSW) for all free flap surgeries during the strategic “microbreaks” is also described.
Methods A retrospective analysis of 877 consecutive free flaps, performed over 12 years, is presented. The results of the ICGA group (n = 438) were compared with the historical No-ICGA group (n = 439), and statistical significance was calculated for three crucial flap-related adverse outcomes and cost-effectiveness. ICGA was also used as a tool to show the effect of WBSW on free flaps.
Results ICGA showed a notably strong statistical significance in decreasing two outcome parameters, namely, partial flap loss and re-exploration rate. It was also cost-effective. ICGA also demonstrated the positive role of WBSW in increasing flap perfusion.
Conclusions Our study shows that the usage of ICGA for intraoperative assessment of flap perfusion can significantly reduce the partial flap loss and re-exploration rate in free flap surgeries in a cost-effective manner. A new protocol of WBSW is also described and recommended to increase flap perfusion in all free flap surgeries.
Using the Veil of Ignorance to align AI systems with principles of justice
Authors: Weidinger Laura , McKee Kevin R. , Everett Richard , Huang Saffron , Zhu Tina O. , Chadwick Martin J. , Summerfield Christopher , Gabriel Iason 
Published: April 2023

The philosopher John Rawls proposed the Veil of Ignorance (VoI) as a thought experiment to identify fair principles for governing a society. Here, we apply the VoI to an important governance domain: artificial intelligence (AI). In five incentive-compatible studies (

N

= 2, 508), including two preregistered protocols, participants choose principles to govern an Artificial Intelligence (AI) assistant from behind the veil: that is, without knowledge of their own relative position in the group. Compared to participants who have this information, we find a consistent preference for a principle that instructs the AI assistant to prioritize the worst-off. Neither risk attitudes nor political preferences adequately explain these choices. Instead, they appear to be driven by elevated concerns about fairness: Without prompting, participants who reason behind the VoI more frequently explain their choice in terms of fairness, compared to those in the Control condition. Moreover, we find initial support for the ability of the VoI to elicit more robust preferences: In the studies presented here, the VoI increases the likelihood of participants continuing to endorse their initial choice in a subsequent round where they know how they will be affected by the AI intervention and have a self-interested motivation to change their mind. These results emerge in both a descriptive and an immersive game. Our findings suggest that the VoI may be a suitable mechanism for selecting distributive principles to govern AI.
Room-temperature ferromagnetic half metal in (C, Mn) co-doped orthorhombic ZnO with large magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy
Authors: Zhang Ruotong , Fang Yimei , Lü Tie-Yu , Cao Xinrui , Zhou Yinghui , Zhu Zi-Zhong , Wu Shunqing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Room-temperature ferromagnetic (FM) half-metallic materials are essential for spintronics applications. Here, we find that (C, Mn) co-doped orthorhombic ZnO (termed (C, Mn) @Orth-ZnO) is a room-temperature FM half-metal with a magnetic moment of 3μ
B per Mn atom. A detailed investigation of the electronic structure of the (C, Mn) @Orth-ZnO system demonstrates that the FM interaction originates mainly from the p–d exchange hybridization between the C2p and Mn3d states. Moreover, the induced extended spin-polarized states of nonmetallic C can mediate the long-range FM exchange interactions beyond the nearest-neighbor situation. The Curie temperature T
C of the (C, Mn) @Orth-ZnO system is 371 K based on the mean-field approximation. The (C, Mn) @Orth-ZnO system also has a large magnetic anisotropy energy of 0.63 meV, which is mainly attributed to (dyz, dz

2) orbitals of the Mn atom. Finally, we discuss the influence of carrier concentration and external strain on the stability of the ferromagnetism of the (C, Mn) @Orth-ZnO system. We highlight the application prospects of (C, Mn) @Orth-ZnO in practical spintronic nano-devices.
Abrupt change reflected by the van Hove singularity in the optical spectra of CaMn2P2
Authors: Zheng P , Man X X , Li Y J , Wu W , Xu Y S , Liu K , Li G , Luo J L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The trigonal CaAl2Si2-type structure CaMn2P2 has been reported undergoing an exotic first order phase transition at the critical temperature T

N

=
69.5

K. In this paper, we present the optical spectra for the ab-plane of CaMn2P2 single crystal from 300 K to 10 K for the first time. In the real part of the optical conductivity spectra σ
1(ω), a direct gap could be determined at all temperatures without any Drude term visible, i.e., the sample goes through the first order phase transition from one insulator state to the other insulator state. At higher energy, an asymmetric sharp interband transition peak appears in all σ
1(ω) spectra, which indicates a divergence of the joint density of states. This sharp peak could be well described by the two dimensional van Hove singularity function. In particular, this peak is very sensitive to the first order phase transition, especially the peak position E

t

whose the most prominent blue shift occurs only when the first order transition happens. Our data and analysis reveal that the first order phase transition leads to a weak partial re-normalization of the band structure. Our study will be useful in further investigations about the mechanism of the first order phase transition in the insulator.
Layered K0.37MnO2·0.25H2O as cathode material for potassium ion batteries
Authors: Liu Chang , Chao Feiyang , Huang Zhen , Qu Zhuo , Liu Gangyuan , Xiao Yao , Zhang Wenwei , Tang Han , Dong Shijie , Luo Ping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Lithium supply shortages have prompted the search for alternatives to widespread grid system applications. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged to promising candidates for this purpose. Nonetheless, the large radius of K+ (1.38 Å) impedes the march of satisfactory cathode materials. Here, we used solid-phase synthesis to prepare a layered K0.37MnO2·0.25H2O (KMO) cathode, comprising alternately connected MnO6 octahedra with a large interlayer spacing (0.71 nm) to accommodate the migration and transport of K+ ions. The cathode material achieved initial specific capacities of 102.3 and 88.1 mA h g−1 at current densities of 60 mA g−1 and 1 A g−1, respectively. The storage mechanism of K+ ions in PIBs was demonstrated ex situ using x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Overall, our proposed KMO was confirmed as an auspicious cathode material for potential use in PIBs.
CuCl2-modified SnO2 electron transport layer for high efficiency perovskite solar cells
Authors: Han Liang , Hu Haihua , Yuan Min , Lin Ping , Wang Peng , Xu Lingbo , Yu Xuegong , Cui Can 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
SnO2 film is one of the most widely used electron transport layers (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the inherent surface defect states in SnO2 film and mismatch of the energy level alignment with perovskite limit the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. It is of great interesting to modify SnO2 ETL with additive, aiming to decrease the surface defect states and obtain well aligned energy level with perovskite. In this paper, anhydrous copper chloride (CuCl2) was employed to modify the SnO2 ETL. It is found that the adding of a small amount of CuCl2 into the SnO2 ETL can improve the proportion of Sn4+ in SnO2, passivate oxygen vacancies at the surface of SnO2 nanocrystals, improve the hydrophobicity and conductivity of ETL, and obtain a good energy level alignment with perovskite. As a result, both the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the PSCs based on SnO2 ETLs modified with CuCl2 (SnO2-CuCl2) is improved in comparison with that of the PSCs on pristine SnO2 ETLs. The optimal PSC based on SnO2-CuCl2 ETL exhibits a much higher PCE of 20.31% as compared to the control device (18.15%). The unencapsulated PSCs with CuCl2 modification maintain 89.3% of their initial PCE after exposing for 16 d under ambient conditions with a relative humidity of 35%. Cu(NO3)2 was also employed to modify the SnO2 ETL and achieved a similar effect as that of CuCl2, indicating that the cation Cu2+ plays the main role in SnO2 ETL modification.
Stakeholders’ perceptions of urban regeneration: the case of Kis-Pongrác in Budapest
Authors: Nzimande Ntombifuthi Precious 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUrban regeneration has been seen as the saving grace for cities, bringing hopes of rejuvenating their social environment, renovating their dilapidated buildings and revitalising local urban economies. To implement urban regeneration programs, governments have collaborated with various stakeholders for area-based initiatives. The paper aims to investigate the participatory, integrated approach in Hungary from the perspective of the key stakeholders directly and indirectly involved in a localised case study. Thus, the main objective is to identify the challenges within urban governance of a post-socialist which hindered the development of an integrated and participatory stakeholder engagement approach. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders that were then subject to thematic analysis. In the case study, findings provided critical insights into the interaction between stakeholders’ engagement and these projects. The findings also included the challenges that stakeholders experienced with the project and the need for long-term stakeholder collaboration between the residents, civil society and the government. It is hoped that the findings of this study are not only of interest to urban planners and how beneficial it is for the long-term to include local people in all the different stages of the program, but also to local academia to realise the significant role they can play in contributing towards the success of urban regeneration in their local communities plus in other regions through the sharing of their local urban regeneration outcomes to other academics.