bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight of suicide in Iraq: a coroner’s report
Authors: Younis Maha Sulaiman , John Ann 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Suicide is a serious public health problems worldwide. Although suicide rates in the eastern Medetranian region are lower than western countries, increasing incidences is reported. This study aims to explore the demographic, clinical characteristics, and associated variables of people died by suicide in Iraq through a limited retrospective sample symbolized as biopsy.

Methods
The retrospective analysis included the electronic records of a hundred cases of suicide saved in the archives of the Medico-Legal Directory in Baghdad. Data were extracted from the legal investigation which included police investigations, family reports, and post-mortem reports. Simple descriptive satstistical analyses of the selected data was conducted.

Results
It estimated through this study that the crude rate of suicide was 1.75 per 100,000 population which is higher than 1.09/10,000, previously reported by the Iraq national study of suicide 2016. Most cases occurred in ≤ 29 years old, Muslims, city dwellers, and middle-class people aged 29 years or less. The prevalence of suicide was significantly associated with unemployment, good education, and income. The most common methods used were self-burning, gunshot, hanging, and jumping from heights. The reason for taking their own life was unknown for half of the sample. Depression was relatively common, while other mental disorders were of low rate or unrecognized. Family conflicts and environmental stressors were considered as motives.

Conclusions
This study exemplifies suicide patterns where young age, female gender, and violent methods are represented more than before, reflecting the impact of environmental and personal stressors and may be related to violence and the post-conflict situation initiated by the 2003 war. Little is known about suicide architecture due to stigma and poor surveillance system. A multidisciplinary suicide prevention strategy is crucial to implement in Iraq’s health service. Large-scale studies are called to cover the data gap.
Performative driven form finding in the early design stage
Authors: Elgohary Soha Mohamed , Abdin Ahmed Reda , Mohamed Raghad Mofeed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne of the most crucial factors architects should consider in building energy performance design is the energy consumption of residential buildings, particularly in megacities such as Cairo. Oxman classifies that a five-paradigmatic design model can help architects generate building forms. In this study, the authors aimed to develop a form-driven design framework based on a generative design model based on shape grammar that allows architects to generate building forms based on rules, which generate the building through variables that act as genes in the fitness function. The results indicate a significant framework that can help architects select the optimum building form that saves energy by enhancing daylight penetration and thermal and cooling loads on a building. Furthermore, after optimizing radiation and cooling load metrics, the form generated significant block and balcony arrangements, enhancing the shading in the eastern, western, and southern facades. In addition, the northern façade has been developed without block projections or balconies. Finally, the optimum window-to-wall ratio generated to balance spatial daylight autonomy (SDA) and annual sunlight exposure (ASE) lighting metrics for the north facade is 60% and for the southern, western, and eastern facades 10%.
Childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder problems and mid-life cardiovascular risk: prospective population cohort study
Authors: Thapar Ajay K. , Riglin Lucy , Blakey Rachel , Collishaw Stephan , Davey Smith George , Stergiakouli Evie , Tilling Kate , Thapar Anita 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundIt is well-known that childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with later adverse mental health and social outcomes. Patient-based studies suggest that ADHD may be associated with later cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the focus of preventive interventions is unclear. It is unknown whether ADHD leads to established cardiovascular risk factors because so few cohort studies measure ADHD and also follow up to an age where CVD risk is evident.AimsTo examine associations between childhood ADHD problems and directly measured CVD risk factors at ages 44/45 years in a UK population-based cohort study (National Child Development Study) of individuals born in 1958.MethodChildhood ADHD problems were defined by elevated ratings on both the parent Rutter A scale and a teacher-rated questionnaire at age 7 years. Outcomes were known cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipid measurements, body mass index and smoking) at the age 44/45 biomedical assessment.ResultsOf the 8016 individuals assessed both during childhood and at the biomedical assessment 3.0% were categorised as having childhood ADHD problems. ADHD problems were associated with higher body mass index (B = 0.92 kg/m2, s.d. = 0.27–1.56), systolic (3.5 mmHg, s.d. = 1.4–5.6) and diastolic (2.2 mmHg, s.d. = 0.8–3.6) blood pressure, triglyceride levels (0.24 mol/l, s.d. = 0.02–0.46) and being a current smoker (odds ratio OR = 1.6, s.d. = 1.2–2.1) but not with LDL cholesterol.ConclusionsChildhood ADHD problems predicted multiple cardiovascular risk factors by mid-life. These findings, when taken together with previously observed associations with cardiovascular disease in registries, suggest that individuals with ADHD could benefit from cardiovascular risk monitoring, given these risk factors are modifiable with timely intervention.
Tumor Mutational Burden in Real-World Patients With Pancreatic Cancer: Genomic Alterations and Predictive Value for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Effectiveness
Authors: Quintanilha Julia C.F. , Storandt Michael H. , Graf Ryon P. , Li Gerald , Keller Rachel , Lin Douglas I. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Huang Richard S.P. , Schrock Alexa B. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Chakrabarti Sakti , Mahipal Amit 
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is largely considered a nonimmunogenic malignancy; however, approximately 1%, of patients may have tumors with deficient mismatch repair, high microsatellite instability, or high tumor mutational burden (TMB ≥10 mutations/Mb), which may be predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. We sought to analyze outcomes of patients with high-TMB and pathogenic genomic alterations observed in this population. METHODS This study included patients with PDAC who underwent comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) at Foundation Medicine (Cambridge, MA). Clinical data were obtained from a US-wide real-world clinicogenomic pancreatic database. We report genomic alterations in those with high and low TMB, and compare outcomes on the basis of receipt of single-agent ICI or therapy regimens not containing ICI. RESULTS We evaluated 21,932 patients with PDAC who had tissue CGP data available, including 21,639 (98.7%) with low-TMB and 293 (1.3%) with high-TMB. Among patients with high-TMB, a greater number of alterations were observed in BRCA2, BRAF, PALB2, and genes of the mismatch repair pathway, whereas fewer alterations were observed in KRAS. Among patients who received an ICI (n = 51), those with high-TMB had more favorable median overall survival when compared with the low-TMB subset (25.7 v 5.2 months; hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.91; P = .034). CONCLUSION Longer survival was observed in patients with high-TMB receiving ICI compared with those with low-TMB. This supports the role of high-TMB as a predictive biomarker for efficacy of ICI therapy in PDAC. Additionally, we report higher rates of BRAF and BRCA2 mutations and lower rates of KRAS mutation among patients with PDAC and high-TMB, which to our knowledge, is a novel finding.
Inverse projection of axisymmetric orientation distributions
Authors: Kloza Philipp A. , Elliott James A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We show that the projection of an axisymmetric three-dimensional orientation distribution to two dimensions can be cast into an Abel transform. Based on this correspondence, we derive an exact integral inverse, which allows for the quantification of three-dimensional uniaxial alignment of rod-like units from two-dimensional sliced images, thus providing an alternative to X-ray or tomographic analysis. A matrix representation of the projection and its inverse is derived, providing a direct relationship between two- and three-dimensional order parameters for both polar and non-polar systems.
Thermodynamic properties of substrate-induced graphene superlattice in homogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Prajapati Vivek , Deo Nivedita 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article we study the thermodynamic properties of a

substrate-induced graphene superlattice in the presence of uniform magnetic field B. We derive an expression for the partition function of the system with uniform magnetic field B using the zeta function approach and find all related thermodynamic functions such as Helmholtz free energy, total energy, specific heat capacity and entropy for three cases related to the sublattice potential. We also show that the Dulong-Petit law is verified for all cases in the high-temperature limit. These results may shed light on the study of graphene superlattices in the developement of thermo-electric devices.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Across the Spectrum of Heart Failure
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Sharma Abhinav , Butler Javed , Packer Milton , Zannad Faiez , Vasques-Nóvoa Francisco , Leite-Moreira Adelino , Neves João Sérgio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been used to reduce body weight in overweight or people with obesity and to improve glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a high cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of GLP-1 RAs may be modified by the presence of heart failure (HF). In this review, we summarize the evidence for the use of GLP-1 RA across a patient's risk with a particular focus on HF. After a careful review of the literature, we challenge the current views about the use of GLP-1 RAs and suggest performing active HF screening (with directed clinical history, physical examination, an echocardiogram, and natriuretic peptides) before initiating a GLP-1 RA. After HF screening, we suggest GLP-1 RA treatment decisions as follows: (1) in people with T2D without HF, GLP-1 RAs should be used for reducing the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, with a possible effect to reduce the risk of HF hospitalizations; (2) in patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction, GLP-1 RAs do not reduce HF hospitalizations but may reduce atherosclerotic events, and their use may be considered in an individualized manner; and (3) in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction, the use of GLP-1 RAs warrants caution due to potential risk of worsening HF events and arrhythmias, pending risk–benefit data from further studies.
SeriousMaricasand Their Male Concubines: Seeking Trans History and Intimacy in Argentine Police and Prison Records, 1921–1945
Authors: Fernández-Galeano Javier , Yarfitz Mir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractState, legal, and medical experts in early twentieth-century Argentina conflated what would today be distinguished as same-sex attraction and trans or nonbinary gender experience. An urban subculture of self-styled maricas was pathologized by criminologists and occasionally targeted by police. Scholarship on these subjects has often focused on medical and cultural representation, situating maricas in the genealogy of homosexuality. This article brings insights from trans studies to several microhistories from police and prison archives in Rosario and Buenos Aires in order to focus on sociocultural practices. In their courtship rituals, romantic and sexual relationships, and household roles, Emilia, Dora, and La Lita engaged both respectability and sexual playfulness as modes of feminine expression.
Development of a Randomized Trial Comparing ICP-Monitor–Based Management of Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury to Management Based on Imaging and Clinical Examination Without ICP Monitoring–Study Protocol
Authors: Chesnut Randall , Temkin Nancy , Pridgeon James , Sulzbacher Stephen , Lujan Silvia , Videtta Walter , Moya-Barquín Luis , Chaddock Kelley , Bonow Robert , Petroni Gustavo , Guadagnoli Nahuel , Hendrickson Peter , Ramírez Cortez Grimaldo , Carreazo Nilton Yhuri , Vargas Aymituma Alcides , Anchante Daniel , Caqui Patrick , Ramírez Alberto , Munaico Abanto Manuel , Ortiz Chicchon Manuel , Cenzano Ramos José , Mazate-Mazariegos Analy , Castro Darce María del Carmen , Sierra Morales Roberto , Brol Lopez Pedro , Menendez Willy , Posadas Gutierrez Sofía , Kevin Vicente , Mazariegos Andrea , de Leon Elie , Rodas Barrios Rodolfo Enrique , Rodríguez Sandra , Flores Sandra , Alvarado Ovidio , Guzman Flores Luis José , Moisa Martinez Melvin , Gonzalez Pablo 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global public health problem. It is a leading cause of death and disability in children and adolescents worldwide. Although increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is common and associated with death and poor outcome after pediatric TBI, the efficacy of current ICP-based management remains controversial. We intend to provide Class I evidence testing the efficacy of a protocol based on current ICP monitor–based management vs care based on imaging and clinical examination without ICP monitoring in pediatric severe TBI.METHODS:A phase III, multicenter, parallel-group, randomized superiority trial performed in intensive care units in Central and South America to determine the impact on 6-month outcome of children aged 1–12 years with severe TBI (age-appropriate Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤8) randomized to ICP-based or non-ICP–based management.EXPECTED OUTCOMES:Primary outcome is 6-month Pediatric Quality of Life. Secondary outcomes are 3-month Pediatric Quality of Life, mortality, 3-month and 6-month Pediatric extended Glasgow Outcome Score, intensive care unit length of stay, and number of interventions focused on treating measured or suspected intracranial hypertension.DISCUSSION:This is not a study of the value of knowing the ICP in sTBI. This research question is protocol-based. We are investigating the added value of protocolized ICP management to treatment based on imaging and clinical examination in the global population of severe pediatric TBI. Demonstrating efficacy should standardize ICP monitoring in severe pediatric TBI. Alternate results should prompt reassessment of how and in which patients ICP data should be applied in neurotrauma care.
Endothelin-1 as predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events in chronic coronary syndrome patients undergoing coronary intervention
Authors: Wasyanto Trisulo , Yasa Ahmad , Ayu Nimas 
Published: July 2023

Background: Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are predicted to be low in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Endothelin-1 has been considered a pro inflammatory biomarker and suggested as a novel prognostic indicator in CCS. The objective of this research was to prove endothelin- 1 as predictor of MACE within 1-year evaluation in CCS patients undergoing PCI. Methods: This research was an analytic observational study with a cohort design. The participants were CCS patients who had undergone PCI. Endotelin-1 levels were checked before the patient underwent PCI. Occurrences of MACE were observed within 1 year. The comparison between normally distributed continuous data was performed with a T-test, and the Mann–Whitney test was used for not normally distributed data. A comparison between categorical data was performed with the Chi-square test. The cut-off point of endothelin-1 levels to predict MACE was analyzed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Results: Participants in this study were 63 patients. Six patients experienced MACE within 1 year (9.5%) and 57 patients were included in the non-MACE group (90.5%). Mann Whitney T test showed there were significance differences in endothelin-1 levels from the two groups (p=0.022). The ROC curve showed cut off point the endothelin-1 is 4.07 ng/dl with a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 75.4% and accuracy of 76.2% for the occurrence of MACE. Based on the area under curve (AUC) value and the accuracy of this study, endothelin-1 was able to detect MACE within 1 year of follow-up. Conclusions: Endothelin-1 can be used as predictor of MACE within 1-year evaluation in CCS patients undergoing coronary intervention.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with dysglycemia among overweight and obese Palestinian children in the Hebron governorate
Authors: Abu Al-Halawa Diala , Vicuna Polo Stephanny , Qasrawi Radwan 
Published: July 2023

Background: The prevalence of dysglycemia among adolescents and younger children has been rising, yet health professionals are still unaware of the significance of this problem. According to the Palestinian Ministry of Health (MOH) records, most diabetic children under the age of 20 in Palestine are classified as type I; nonetheless, very limited data are available for policymakers to frame cost-effective screening programs. This study aims to determine the prevalence of dysglycemia in a sample of obese and overweight Palestinian children, identify risk factors associated with dysglycemia, and examine risk factors variance by gender. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of observed obese and overweight children was selected from public schools in the Hebron governorate. Informed consent, physical examination, anthropometric, and laboratory tests (Blood Glucose Level (BGL) and fasting BGL ) were performed on a sample of 511 students (44.6% boys and 55.4% girls) aged 13–18-years (13-15 years =46.2% and 16-18 years =53.8%). Results: The prevalence of confirmed overweight and obese cases was 73.2%, and dysglycemia prevalence among the confirmed cases was 3.7% (5.3% boys and 2.5% girls). The BMI classifications of the prediabetic children indicated that 42.1% were overweight and 31.1% were obese. Furthermore, 6.7% reported hypertension (both systolic and diastolic hypertension). Conclusions: The results of this study provide valuable information about the rising problem of dysglycemia among Palestinian children and underlines the need for rapid screening programs and protocols for early detection and classification of the disease, leading to initiation of early prevention and treatment plans.
Quantification of microbial risk associated with fecal exposure in a nomadic lifestyle; case study of Turbi ward, Marsabit County
Authors: Jaro Batula , Wandili Sarah , Gakii Grace , Karani Caroline 
Published: July 2023

Background: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is the cornerstone for health and growth at all stages of life in helping to maintain health and increase in life span. Poor sanitation as lead to disease causing microorganisms such as E. coli to be on the rise. This study aimed to determine water and milk contamination of E. coli from nomadic community. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on water and milk samples using most probable number method to determine contamination as a result of poor sanitation in this community. Results: The dominant exposure pathway in this study was water pathway with high E. coli positivity, 20% (n=50) for dam water sampled, 20% (n=50) for pan and borehole feed water tanks 20% (n=50). Dam water sources analyzed had presence of 1.05 x1107CFU/ml and pan water sources 1.93x104 CFU/ml, which is above acceptable E. coli level in water for consumption is (10-40 CFU/ml) Conclusions: Microbial contamination noted from this study indicates that there is poor sanitation in nomadic lifestyle. This study reaffirms the need for elaborate sanitation model tailored to the need of pastoralist community to reduce perennial faucal contamination of water sources for the community of Turbi ward. Elaborate sanitation model tailored to the need of pastoralist community to reduce perennial fecal contamination of water sources for the community of Turbi ward.
Respiratory rate monitoring and early detection of deterioration practices
Authors: Kayser Susan A , Williamson Rachel , Siefert Gabriela , Roberts Dan , Murray Angela 
Published: July 2023

Background: Growing evidence points to respiratory rate (RR) being the most important vital sign for early detection of patient deterioration. However, RR is the vital sign most likely to be inaccurate or missed. Aims: To measure prevalence of early detection of deterioration protocols, examine whether RR was perceived as the leading indicator of deterioration, and understand RR monitoring practices used by nurses around the world. Methods: A double-blinded survey of nurses in Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Western Europe. Findings: 161 nurses responded. Most (80%) reported having an initiative for early detection of patient deterioration; 12% indicated RR was the most important indicator of deterioration, 27% captured RR for all medical/surgical patients, and 56% take 60 seconds or longer to measure RR. Conclusion: Nurses across all regions generally underestimated the importance of capturing an accurate RR for all patients' multiple times per day. This study reinforces the need to enhance international nursing education regarding the importance of RR.
Dual-channel snapshot imaging spectrometer with wide spectrum and high resolution
Authors: Zhao Shijia , Zeng Chenxin , Ji Yiqun , Tan Fenli , Wang Chinhua 
Published: July 2023

The comprehensive analysis of dynamic targets brings about the demand for capturing spatial and spectral dimensions of visual information instantaneously, which leads to the emergence of snapshot spectral imaging technologies. While current snapshot systems face major challenges in the development of wide working band range as well as high resolution, our novel dual-channel snapshot imaging spectrometer (DSIS), to the best of our knowlledge, demonstrates the capability to achieve both wide spectrum and high resolution in a compact structure. By dint of the interaction between the working band range and field of view (FOV), reasonable limits on FOV are set to avoid spectral overlap. Further, we develop a dual-channel imaging method specifically for DSIS to separate the whole spectral range into two parts, alleviating the spectral overlap on each image surface, improving the tolerance of the system for a wider working band range, and breaking through structural constraints. In addition, an optimal FOV perpendicular to the dispersion direction is determined by the trade-off between FOV and astigmatism. DSIS enables the acquisition of 53×11 spatial elements with up to 250 spectral channels in a wide spectrum from 400 to 795 nm. The theoretical study and optimal design of DSIS are further evaluated through the simulation experiments of spectral imaging.