bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police practitioner views on the challenges of analysing and responding to knife crime
Authors: Bullock Karen , Agar Iain , Ashby Matt , Brennan Iain , Hales Gavin , Sidebottom Aiden , Tilley Nick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractKnife crime remains a major concern in England and Wales. Problem-oriented and public health approaches to tackling knife crime have been widely advocated, but little is known about how these approaches are understood and implemented by police practitioners. To address this knowledge gap, this article draws on semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 44 police personnel to consider the processes and challenges of applying problem-oriented and public health approaches to knife crime. Findings show that knife crime was seen as a complex social problem which would not be solved by ‘silver bullets’; prevention was prioritised and the limitations of enforcement were widely acknowledged; there was an emphasis on understanding and responding to vulnerability and risk; discussion of ‘holistic’ and ‘whole systems’ approaches was evident (but these concepts were rarely defined); and the problem of serious violence was viewed as a shared, multi-agency issue that the police could not tackle alone. Various challenges were also evident, most notably around analysis of the drivers and patterns of knife crime and the evaluation of knife crime interventions. The article concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for knife crime prevention and the implementation and advancement of problem-oriented and public health approaches to policing.
The cause of redetachment after vitrectomy with air tamponade for a cohort of 1715 patients with retinal detachment: an analysis of retinal breaks reopening
Authors: Zhou Chuandi , Gu Chufeng , Li Bo , Wang Yujie , Hu Yanan , She Xinping , Shi Ya , Ma Mingming , Sun Tao , Qiu Qinghua , Fan Ying , Chen Fenge , Wang Hong , Liu Kun , Sun Xiaodong , Xu Xun , Zheng Zhi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
To investigate the prevalence and predictors of retinal breaks reopening after vitrectomy with air tamponade in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Shanghai General Hospital. Chart review was performed among 1715 patients with primary RRD who received pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade as initial management. Patients were followed up for recurrence. The clinical features of the eyes with retinal breaks reopening were recorded. Logistic regression was constructed to investigate the predictors for breaks reopening.

Results
A total of 137 (7.99%) patients had recurrent retinal detachment after PPV with air tamponade. The causes of surgery failure included new or missed retinal breaks (48.9%), reopening of original tears (43.8%) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (7.3%). The median time to recurrence for the patients with breaks reopening was 18.0 days. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the presence of retinal break(s) ≥ 1.5 disc diameters (DD) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.04–6.92, P = 0.041), and shorter period for restricted activities (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–0.99, P = 0.020) were the independent predictors for breaks reopening.

Conclusions
Breaks reopening is an important cause for retinal redetachment after PPV with air tamponade in primary RRD. The first 2–4 weeks after surgery is the “risk period” for breaks reopening. Special attention should be paid for patients with retinal break(s) ≥ 1.5 DD. A prolonged period for restricted activities is recommended.
Case report: administration of immune checkpoint inhibitor for SMARCB1 (INI1)-negative rhabdoid carcinoma with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high in the right colon
Authors: Kobayashi Toshinori , Matsui Yuki , Miki Hisanori , Hatta Masahiko , Ishida Mitsuaki , Satake Hironaga , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Malignant tumors with rhabdoid features are rare, highly aggressive, and some of them are characterized by SMARCB1 (INI1) loss. Although cases of rhabdoid carcinoma are extremely rare, its occurrence in the colon has been reported previously.

Case presentation
A 71-year-old Japanese female patient presented with loss of appetite, fatigue, and weight loss. Computed tomography demonstrated a tumor in the right colon that infiltrated the surrounding kidneys and swelling of the left supraclavicular and periaortic lymph nodes. Laparotomy revealed that the tumor was unresectable because it had directly invaded the head of the pancreas and duodenum. Therefore, ileocecal vascularized bulky lymph nodes were sampled, and gastrojejunostomy with Braun’s anastomosis and ileotransversostomy were performed as palliative procedures. Histopathological examination of the lymph nodes revealed that the neoplastic cells had rich eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentrically located large nuclei characteristic of rhabdoid carcinoma. In addition, these neoplastic cells lacked SMARCB1 expression; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with SMARCB1-negative rhabdoid carcinoma. The postoperative course was uneventful. Molecular analysis confirmed that the neoplastic cells had high microsatellite instability (MSI); therefore, two cycles of pembrolizumab were administered. However, no clinical benefit was noted, and the patient died 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusion
This is the first report of a case of SMARCB1-negative rhabdoid colon carcinoma with high MSI treated with pembrolizumab. Rhabdoid carcinoma is highly aggressive; therefore, additional studies are required to determine the therapeutic strategy for SMARCB1-negative rhabdoid colorectal carcinoma.
Fatal acquired coagulation factor V deficiency after hepatectomy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma as a possible immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse event: a case report
Authors: Arakaki Shintaro , Ono Shinichiro , Kawamata Futoshi , Ishino Shinichiro , Uesato Yasunori , Nakajima Tomo , Nishi Yukiko , Morishima Satoko , Arakaki Shingo , Maeshiro Tatsuji , Souri Masayoshi , Ichinose Akitada , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy was recently introduced as the first line for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) due to atezolizumab are a great concern. Here, we report the case of a patient who developed fatal acquired coagulation factor deficiency after hepatectomy for HCC, treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab before surgery.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old man received right trisegmentectomy of the liver with hepaticojejunostomy for advanced HCC with bile duct invasion, after atezolizumab and bevacizumab therapy. The patient suffered the sudden onset of severe multiple coagulation factor deficiency (II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII) immediately following reoperation for anastomotic leakage of hepaticojejunostomy, 7 days after hepatectomy. The coagulation factor deficiency did not reverse even with intensive treatment, and the patient died of uncontrollable bleeding 32 days after hepatectomy. An IrAE due to atezolizumab was suspected because the patient had developed the possible IrAE of enthesitis of the right gastrocnemius muscle before surgery, and specific inhibitors against factor V and anti-factor V autoantibodies were detected, leading to an ultimate diagnosis of autoimmune FV/5 deficiency (AiF5D).

Conclusion
Severe acquired coagulopathy should be recognized as a possible life-threatening IrAE when using atezolizumab and bevacizumab for HCC.
Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population
Authors: O’Sullivan Oliver , Holdsworth David A. , Ladlow Peter , Barker-Davies Robert M. , Chamley Rebecca , Houston Andrew , May Samantha , Dewson Dominic , Mills Daniel , Pierce Kayleigh , Mitchell James , Xie Cheng , Sellon Edward , Naylor Jon , Mulae Joseph , Cranley Mark , Talbot Nick P. , Rider Oliver J. , Nicol Edward D. , Bennett Alexander N. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services.

Methods
Observational cohort study of 4 groups: hospitalised, community illness with on-going symptoms (community-symptomatic), community illness now recovered (community-recovered) and comparison. A total of 113 participants (aged 39 ± 9, 86% male) were recruited: hospitalised (n = 35), community-symptomatic (n = 34), community-recovered (n = 18) and comparison (n = 26), approximately five months following acute illness. Participant outcome measures included cardiopulmonary imaging, submaximal and maximal exercise testing, pulmonary function, cognitive assessment, blood tests and questionnaires on mental health and function.

Results
Hospitalised and community-symptomatic groups were older (43 ± 9 and 37 ± 10, P = 0.003), with a higher body mass index (31 ± 4 and 29 ± 4, P < 0.001), and had worse mental health (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress), fatigue and quality of life scores. Hospitalised and community-symptomatic participants performed less well on sub-maximal and maximal exercise testing. Hospitalised individuals had impaired ventilatory efficiency (higher VE/V̇CO2 slope, 29.6 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), achieved less work at anaerobic threshold (70 ± 15, P < 0.001) and peak (231 ± 35, P < 0.001), and had a reduced forced vital capacity (4.7 ± 0.9, P = 0.004). Clinically significant abnormal cardiopulmonary imaging findings were present in 6% of hospitalised participants. Community-recovered individuals had no significant differences in outcomes to the comparison group.

Conclusion
Symptomatically recovered individuals who suffered mild-moderate acute COVID-19 do not differ from an age-, sex- and job-role-matched comparison population five months post-illness. Individuals who were hospitalised or continue to suffer symptoms may require a specific comprehensive assessment prior to return to full physical activity.
Insoles to ease plantar pressure in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy: a feasibility randomised controlled trial with an embedded qualitative study
Authors: Collings Richard , Freeman Jennifer , Latour Jos M. , Hosking Joanne , Paton Joanne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic footwear and insoles are preventative strategies to reduce elevated plantar pressures associated with diabetic foot ulcer risk. An insole intervention appropriate for chairside delivery optimising plantar foot pressure reduction in people with diabetes has been developed.AimTo explore the feasibility and acceptability of testing an optimised insole compared with an active control insole to reduce plantar pressures for people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.MethodsA double-blinded multi-centre feasibility RCT with an embedded qualitative study. Participants were randomised to either an optimised insole group (intervention) or a standard cushioned insole group (active control). Participants were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months with clinical outcomes of foot ulceration and mean peak plantar pressure (MPPP) reduction. An embedded qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 12 study participants and three podiatrists to explore their experiences of the intervention and trial procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (quantitative data) and thematic analysis (qualitative data).ResultsScreened were142 patients from which 61 were recruited; 30 participants were randomised to the intervention group and 31 to the active control group. Forty-two participants completed the study. At 12 months, 69% of the patient-reported questionnaires were returned and 68% of the clinical outcomes were collected. There were 17 incidences of foot ulceration occurring in 7/31 of the active control group and 10/30 in the intervention group. Mean difference in MPPP between the intervention and active control groups for all regions-of-interest combined favoured the intervention. Thematic analysis revealed three themes; accepting the study, behaviour and support during study procedures, and impact from study participation.ConclusionThe results of the feasibility RCT suggest that the optimised insole holds promise as an intervention, and that a full RCT to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this intervention is feasible and warranted for people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Trial registrationInternational Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number:ISRCTN16011830. Registered 9th October 2017.
Zonal analysis in contemporary aesthetic orthognathic surgical planning
Authors: Manisali Mehmet , Naini Farhad B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of zonal analysis in orthognathic surgical planning.

Case presentation
The importance of developing this concept of facial zonal analysis is because grouping together elements of aesthetic importance in a region in a systematic manner allows for accurate diagnosis and logical treatment planning. An orthognathic case presentation is described to demonstrate this concept.

Discussion
The three facial zones described are related in terms of the presenting problem and in relation to the changes envisaged with each planned surgical movement. The importance of developing this concept of facial zonal analysis is because grouping together elements of aesthetic importance in a region in a systematic manner allows for accurate diagnosis and logical treatment planning. Consideration is given to the negative features that require improvement and the positive features that the clinician and patient would prefer not to alter. It also provides an organised tool for postoperative comparison of results. The analysis and synthesis of the information provided from this approach can aid contemporary orthognathic surgical planning.
Value of diffusion‐weighted MRI and lesion‐to‐spinal cord signal intensity ratio in pulmonary lesion characterization
Authors: Kolta Marian Fayek , Abdel-Hamid Hoda Mohamed Mahmoud , Hassan Basma Hussain Tawfik , Tadros Sally Fouad kamal 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In the scenario of lung lesions, the differential diagnosis is important, since the treatment is determined by the characteristics of the lesion. The goal in the evaluation of pulmonary lesions is to distinguish malignant lesions from benign lesions in a non-invasive manner as possible. Since, CT is not sufficient to accurately distinguish malignant nodules from benign nodules and patients with benign nodules might undergo invasive diagnostic methods, such as lung biopsy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, to rule out a malignancy. Now, MRI performed by using diffusion-weighted (DW) can offer both qualitative and quantitative information that can be helpful for tumour assessment. Moreover, lesion‐to‐spinal cord signal intensity ratio (LSR) has also been shown to be useful for the differentiation of lung lesions. Quantitative tumour assessment is possible by the calculation of ADC.

Results
A total of 30 patients were eligible for inclusion in our final analysis; with male/female case number about 10/20 (33.3%/ 66.7%) and age range from 20 to 74 (46.8 ± 14.9) were subjected to MRI study and MRI diffusion. Sensitivity analysis showed that ADC mean, and ADC min value can significantly predict malignant lung lesions using cutoff point < 1.53 and < 1.34 respectively, with sensitivity 75%, 56.3%, and specificity 92.9%, 100% with p values 0.001, and 0.005 respectively. SI lesion can significantly predict malignant lung lesions using cutoff point > 502.8, with sensitivity 92.9% and specificity 68.7%, AUC 89.3% and p value 0.0001. Lesion-to-spinal cord signal intensity ratio (LSR) can significantly predict malignant lung lesions using cutoff point > 1.3, with sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 75%, AUC 79.7% and p value 0.006.

Conclusions
This study confirmed that the DWI combined with ADC value and LSR is effective and valuable tool in differentiation of pulmonary lesions whether benign or malignant which is considered to be noninvasive alternative tool for the characterization of pulmonary lesions. We recommend before invasive intervention to perform diffusion MRI and LSR as and important aid for proper diagnosis.
A Prediction Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on OGTT in Early Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Shan , Li Linghui , Hu Kai-Lun , Wang Siwen , Zhang Runju , Chen Ruixue , Liu Le , Wang Danni , Pan Minge , Zhu Bo , Wang Yue , Yuan Changzheng , Zhang Dan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common obstetric complication. Although early intervention could prevent the development of GDM, there was no consensus on early identification for women at high risk of GDM.

Objective
To develop a reliable prediction model of GDM in early pregnancy.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, between May 30, 2021, and August 13, 2022, a total of 721 women were included from Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Participants were asked to complete an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during gestational weeks 7 through 14 for early prediction of GDM, and at weeks 24 through 28 for GDM diagnosis. Using OGTT results and baseline characteristics, logistic regression analysis was used to construct the prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, decision clinical analysis, and a nomogram were used for model performances assessment and visualization. Internal and external validation was performed to testify the stability of this model.

Results
According to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria in early OGTT, the mean (SD) age was 30.5 ± 3.7 years in low-risk participants and 31.0 ± 3.9 years in high-risk participants. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the existing criteria at weeks 7 through 14 varied from 0.705 to 0.724. Based on maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, and results of early OGTT, the AUC of our prediction model was 0.8720, which was validated by both internal (AUC 0.8541) and external (AUC 0.8241) confirmation.

Conclusions
The existing diagnostic criteria were unsatisfactory for early prediction of GDM. By combining early OGTT, we provided an effective prediction model of GDM in the first trimester.
Hypoglycemia From Metastatic Meningeal Solitary Fibrous Tumor Occurring Over Two Decades After Initial Diagnosis
Authors: Orrego John J , Chorny Joseph A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Despite multiple intracranial and extracranial relapses associated with a widely metastatic meningeal solitary fibrous tumor (formerly classified as hemangiopericytoma), a 66-year-old type 2 diabetic man was first diagnosed with paraneoplastic hypoglycemia 23 years after the original diagnosis and 12 years after the onset of extracranial metastatic disease. An enlarging mass entirely replacing the left kidney measuring 11.6 × 10 × 28 cm, which had not been locally treated before, was considered to be the putative source of IGF-2 excess. The insulin-like effects of IGF-2 not only ameliorated his long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus, but also caused spontaneous fasting hypoglycemia. The physiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and treatment of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia are briefly discussed here. Palliative tumor debulking improved the hypoglycemia by day 11 after radiation therapy and glucose monitoring with continuous glucose monitoring system (Dexcom G6) facilitated the patient's management and gave him peace of mind.
Pancreatic ACTH Hypersecretion and Pituitary Macroadenoma
Authors: Bettale Chiara M , Allen Jason W , Mahdi Zaid K , Ioachimescu Adriana G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 55-year-old woman admitted for hypertensive emergency and myocardial infarction reported weight gain, muscle weakness, easy bruising, and recent-onset diabetes in the past 3 to 12 months. Urinary and salivary cortisol and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) levels were elevated. Pituitary imaging detected a macroadenoma. ACTH and cortisol did not increase after corticotropin-releasing hormone administration. Imaging revealed a large pancreatic mass. Pathology indicated a well-differentiated World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 distal pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm which stained for ACTH by immunohistochemistry. Postoperatively, Cushing manifestations resolved, ACTH and cortisol levels became low, and patient required hydrocortisone replacement for 7 months. During the 3.5 years of follow-up, the pituitary macroadenoma size remained stable and pituitary hormone axes other than ACTH remained normal. This extremely rare case of ectopic ACTH-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor coexisting with a nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma illustrates the importance of dynamic endocrine testing in Cushing syndrome.
The Impact of Multicultural Interfacility Video Case Conference: A Novel Education Model After the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Araki Takako , Kameda Hiraku , Yamamoto Masaaki , Tateno Toru , Iwasaki Yasumasa , Yu Run , Chik Constance , Hashmi Hiba , Radulescu Angela , Burmeister Lynn A , Fukuoka Hidenori 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContextThe COVID-19 pandemic challenged undertaking gradual educational activities for residency and fellowship trainees. However, recent technological advances have enabled broadening active learning opportunities through international online conferences.ObjectiveThe format of our international online endocrine case conference, launched during the pandemic, is introduced. The objective impact of this program on trainees is described.MethodsFour academic facilities developed a semiannual international collaborative endocrinology case conference. Experts were invited as commentators to facilitate in-depth discussion. Six conferences were held between 2020 and 2022. After the fourth and sixth conferences, anonymous multiple-choice online surveys were administered to all attendees.ResultsParticipants included trainees and faculty. At each conference, 3 to 5 cases of rare endocrine diseases from up to 4 institutions were presented, mainly by trainees. Sixty-two percent of attendees reported 4 facilities as the appropriate size for the collaboration to maintain active learning in case conferences. Eighty-two percent of attendees preferred a semiannual conference. The survey also revealed the positive impact on trainees’ learning regarding diversity of medical practice, academic career development, and confidence in honing of presentation skills.ConclusionWe present an example of our successful virtual global case conference to enhance learning about rare endocrine cases. For the success of the collaborative case conference, we suggest smaller cross-country institutional collaborations. Preferably, they would be international, semiannually based, and with recognized experts as commentators. Since our conference has engendered multiple positive effects on trainees and faculty, continuation of virtual education should be considered even after the pandemic era.