bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of ZnO/selenium nanoparticles embedded chitosan‐based anti‐bacterial wound dressing for potential healing ability and nursing care after paediatric fracture surgery
Authors: Ruan Qianzi , Yuan Lita , Gao Shuxia , Ji Xuelian , Shao Wen , Ma Jianlin , Jiang Daiqi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current study was aimed at the assessment of the effect of chitosan‐ZnO/Selenium nanoparticles scaffold on infected wound healing and care of paediatric surgery treatment. The nanoparticle scaffolds were developed from sources such as chitosan (CS), different concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO), and Selenium (SeNPs) nanoparticles by freeze‐drying method. The structural and chemical properties of nanoparticles were investigated by UV–Vis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and phase identification by x‐ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology of CS, chitosan‐ZnO (CS‐ZnO) and chitosan‐ZnO/SeNPs was analysed using a scanning electron microscope. The incorporation of ZnO and SeNPs along with CS polymer induces antioxidant and antimicrobial functions. The bacterial susceptibility to nanoparticle scaffolds against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed the excellent antibacterial effects of ZnO and SeNPs. In‐vitro studies of fibroblast of NIH 3 T3 and HaCaT cell lines revealed the biocompatibility, cell adhesion, cell viability, and proliferation of scaffold in the wound site. Also, results of in‐vivo studies strongly enhanced collagen synthesis, re‐epithelialization, and rapid wound closure. Thus, the synthesised chitosan‐ZnO/SeNPs nanoparticle scaffold resulted in significant improvement in histopathological indices in the full thickness of wound healing after nursing care of paediatric fracture surgery.
On the Controversy over the Origins of the Chicago Plan for 100% Reserves: Sorry, Frederick Soddy, it was Knight and (Most Probably) Simons!
Authors: TAVLAS GEORGE S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe idea of 100% reserve requirements against demand deposits received a renewed impetus in recent years. In 1933, a group of University of Chicago economists, led by Frank Knight and Henry Simons, circulated two memoranda that proposed the scheme in what became known as the Chicago Plan of Banking Reform. That same idea had been proposed in 1926 by Frederick Soddy, a Nobel Laureate in chemistry. Soddy claimed precedence, a claim that caught on. I provide evidence showing that Knight, and probably Simons, conceived the idea of 100% reserves prior to the publication of Soddy's 1926 book.
Hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone neurons in stress‐induced psychopathology: Revaluation of synaptic contributions
Authors: Stanton Laura M. , Price Aidan J. , Manning Elizabeth E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStress has a strong influence on mental health around the world. Decades of research has sought to identify mechanisms through which stress contributes to psychiatric disorders such as depression, to potentially guide the development of therapeutics targeting stress systems. The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is the key endocrine system that is responsible for coordinating body‐wide changes that are necessary for survival under stress, and much of the research aimed at understanding the mechanisms by which stress contributes to depression has focussed on HPA axis dysfunction. Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) sit at the apex of the HPA axis, integrating signals relevant to stress and external threats, to ensure HPA axis activity is appropriate for the given context. In addition to this, emerging research has demonstrated that neural activity in PVNCRH neurons regulates stress related behaviours via modulation of downstream synaptic targets. This review will summarize convergent evidence from preclinical studies on chronic stress and clinical research in mood disorders demonstrating changes in PVNCRH neural function, consider how this may influence synaptic targets of PVNCRH neurons, and discuss the potential role of these PVNCRH synaptic pathways in the development of maladaptive behaviours following chronic stress that are relevant to depression. We will also highlight important questions for future research aimed at precisely dissecting endocrine and synaptic roles of PVNCRH neurons in chronic stress, their potential interactions, and therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of stress related disorders.
Burden and determinants of anaemia among in‐school young adolescents in Ethiopia, Sudan and Tanzania
Authors: Partap Uttara , Tadesse Amare W. , Shinde Sachin , Sherfi Huda , Mank Isabel , Mwanyika‐Sando Mary , Sharma Deepika , Baernighausen Till , Drysdale Roisin , Worku Alemayehu , Tinkasimile Amani , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnaemia among adolescents is a global health problem. However, evidence regarding its burden and risk factors, particularly for younger adolescents and in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), remains scarce. We aimed to assess the prevalence and potential determinants of anaemia among urban and semi‐urban in‐school young adolescents in Ethiopia, Sudan and Tanzania. We conducted a school‐based survey among 3558 adolescents aged 10−14 years. A capillary blood sample was used to assess haemoglobin concentration. We assessed anaemia prevalence and examined associations between measures at the individual, household and school levels and anaemia using Poisson regression models adjusted for school and country‐level clustering. The prevalence of anaemia was 32.0% overall, and 10.8% in Ethiopia, 25.0% in Sudan and 58.3% in Tanzania. Being a boy [adjusted risk ratio (RR): 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08−1.15, p < 0.001], poorer diet quality (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02−1.23 p = 0.015), no school handwashing stations (RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.20−1.32, p < 0.001) and food insecurity (RR for moderate/severe anaemia: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02−1.10, p = 0.002) were associated with increased anaemia risk. Younger age (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86−0.96, p < 0.001) and increasing height‐for‐age z‐score (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91−0.95, p < 0.001) were associated with decreased anaemia risk. Associations were consistent for moderate or severe anaemia. There was no evidence of effect modification by sex. This study highlights anaemia as a public health problem and identified nutritional, dietary and hygiene measures as key risk factors of anaemia among young adolescents in SSA. School‐based interventions addressing these factors could reduce the burden of anaemia in adolescence.
Replicate contact zones suggest a limited role of plumage in reproductive isolation among subspecies of the variable seedeater (Sporophila corvina)
Authors: Ocampo Diego , Winker Kevin , Miller Matthew J. , Sandoval Luis , Uy J. Albert C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfter establishing secondary contact, recently diverged populations may remain reproductively isolated or may hybridize to a varying extent depending on factors such as hybrid fitness and the strength of assortative mating. Here, we used genomic and phenotypic data from three independent contact zones between subspecies of the variable seedeater (Sporophila corvina) to examine how coloration and genetic divergence shape patterns of hybridization. We found that differences in plumage coloration are probably maintained by divergent selection across contact zones; however, the degree of plumage differentiation does not match overall patterns of hybridization. Across two parallel contact zones between populations with divergent phenotypes (entirely black vs. pied plumage), populations hybridized extensively across one contact zone but not the other, suggesting that plumage divergence is not sufficient to maintain reproductive isolation. Where subspecies hybridized, hybrid zones were wide and formed by later‐generation hybrids, suggesting frequent reproduction and high survivorship for hybrid individuals. Moreover, contemporary gene flow has played an important role in shaping patterns of genetic structure between populations. Replicated contact zones between hybridizing taxa offer a unique opportunity to explore how different factors interact to shape patterns of hybridization. Overall, our results demonstrate that divergence in plumage coloration is important in reducing gene flow but insufficient in maintaining reproductive isolation in this clade, and that other factors such as divergence in song and time since secondary contact may also play an important role in driving patterns of reduced hybridization and gene flow.
Wounding and methyl jasmonate increase cyanogenic glucoside concentrations in Sorghum bicolor via upregulation of biosynthesis
Authors: Sohail M. N. , O'Donnell N. H. , Kaiser B. N. , Blomstedt C. K. , Gleadow R. M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The cyanogenic glucoside, dhurrin, present in Sorghum bicolor is thought to have multiple functions, including in defence against herbivory. The hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is also induced by herbivory and is key to instigating defence processes in plants.

To investigate whether dhurrin is induced in response to herbivore attack and also to the associated presence of MeJA, sorghum plants were either wounded or exogenous MeJA was applied.

We show that specific wounding (pin board and perforation) and the application of MeJA increases dhurrin concentration in leaves and sheath tissue 12 h after treatment.

Quantitative PCR shows that the expression of two genes, SbCYP79A1 and SbUGT85B1, involved in the synthesis of dhurrin are significantly induced by exogenous MeJA and by wounding. Analysis of 2 kb of sequence upstream of the start codon of SbCYP79A1 identifies several cis‐acting elements that have been linked to MeJA induction. A promoter deletion series, coupled to GFP, and transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana suggests that there are potentially three sequence motifs (~−925 to −976) involved in the binding of transcription factors that result in increased expression of SbCYP79A1 and the synthesis of dhurrin in response to MeJA.
SharpRazor: Automatic removal of hair and ruler marks from dermoscopy images
Authors: Kasmi Reda , Hagerty Jason , Young Reagan , Lama Norsang , Nepal Januka , Miinch Jessica , Stoecker William , Stanley R Joe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe removal of hair and ruler marks is critical in handcrafted image analysis of dermoscopic skin lesions. No other dermoscopic artifacts cause more problems in segmentation and structure detection.PurposeThe aim of the work is to detect both white and black hair, artifacts and finally inpaint correctly the image.MethodWe introduce a new algorithm: SharpRazor, to detect hair and ruler marks and remove them from the image. Our multiple‐filter approach detects hairs of varying widths within varying backgrounds, while avoiding detection of vessels and bubbles. The proposed algorithm utilizes grayscale plane modification, hair enhancement, segmentation using tri‐directional gradients, and multiple filters for hair of varying widths. We develop an alternate entropy‐based processing adaptive thresholding method. White or light‐colored hair, and ruler marks are detected separately and added to the final hair mask. A classifier removes noise objects. Finally, a new technique of inpainting is presented, and this is utilized to remove the detected object from the lesion image.ResultsThe proposed algorithm is tested on two datasets, and compares with seven existing methods measuring accuracy, precision, recall, dice, and Jaccard scores. SharpRazor is shown to outperform existing methods.ConclusionThe Shaprazor techniques show the promise to reach the purpose of removing and inpaint both dark and white hair in a wide variety of lesions.
SWIP mediates retromer‐independent membrane recruitment of the WASH complex
Authors: Dostál Vojtěch , Humhalová Tereza , Beránková Pavla , Pácalt Ondřej , Libusová Lenka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pentameric WASH complex facilitates endosomal protein sorting by activating Arp2/3, which in turn leads to the formation of F‐actin patches specifically on the endosomal surface. It is generally accepted that WASH complex attaches to the endosomal membrane via the interaction of its subunit FAM21 with the retromer subunit VPS35. However, we observe the WASH complex and F‐actin present on endosomes even in the absence of VPS35. We show that the WASH complex binds to the endosomal surface in both a retromer‐dependent and a retromer‐independent manner. The retromer‐independent membrane anchor is directly mediated by the subunit SWIP. Furthermore, SWIP can interact with a number of phosphoinositide species. Of those, our data suggest that the interaction with phosphatidylinositol‐3,5‐bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) is crucial to the endosomal binding of SWIP. Overall, this study reveals a new role of the WASH complex subunit SWIP and highlights the WASH complex as an independent, self‐sufficient trafficking regulator.
Architecture-Driven Physics-Informed Deep Learning for Temperature Prediction in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing With Limited Data
Authors: Ghungrad Suyog , Faegh Meysam , Gould Benjamin , Wolff Sarah J. , Haghighi Azadeh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Physics-informed deep learning (PIDL) is one of the emerging topics in additive manufacturing (AM). However, the success of previous PIDL approaches is generally significantly dependent on the existence of massive datasets. As the data collection in AM is usually challenging, a novel Architecture-driven PIDL structure named APIDL based on the deep unfolding approach for limited data scenarios has been proposed in the current study for predicting thermal history in the laser powder bed fusion process. The connections in this machine learning architecture are inspired by iterative thermal model equations. In other words, each iteration of the thermal model is mapped to a layer of the neural network. The hyper-parameters of the APIDL model are tuned, and its performance is analyzed. The APIDL for 1000 points with 80:20 split ratio achieves testing mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.8% and R2 value of 0.936. The APIDL is compared with the artificial neural network, extra trees regressor (ETR), support vector regressor, and long short-term memory algorithms. It was shown that the proposed APIDL model outperforms the others. The MAPE and R2 of APIDL are 55.7% lower and 15.6% higher than the ETR, which had the best performance among other pure machine learning models.
Bridging the Built and Social Environments: A Systematic Review of Studies Investigating Influences on Physical Activity
Authors: Prochnow Tyler , Curran Laurel S. , Amo Christina , Patterson Meg S. 
Published: March 2023

Background: The purpose of this review was to examine articles assessing aspects of the built and social environment simultaneously, and how these environments influence physical activity (PA). A thorough review of studies is needed to identify patterns across studies and gaps for future research and practice. Methods: To be included, articles needed to contain: (1) self-report or objective measure of PA; (2) a measure of the built environment; (3) a measure of the social environment; and (4) an analysis between built environment, social environment, and PA. A systematic literature search of 4358 articles resulted in 87 articles. Results: Several populations were present within the sample including various age groups and different countries. As previously established, the built environment and social environment were consistently associated with PA; however, mediating factors between these 2 layers were less clear. Further, there was a lack of longitudinal and experimental study designs. Conclusions: Results suggest a need for longitudinal and experimental designs with validated and granular measures. As communities recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, a thorough understanding of how built environment factors enhance or detract from social connectedness and how this reciprocal relationship impacts PA behavior is needed for future policy, environment, and systematic change.
Data from The Transcription Factor Evi-1 Is Overexpressed, Promotes Proliferation, and Is Prognostically Unfavorable in Infratentorial Ependymomas
Authors: Koos Björn , Bender Sebastian , Witt Hendrik , Mertsch Sonja , Felsberg Jörg , Beschorner Rudi , Korshunov Andrey , Riesmeier Barbara , Pfister Stefan , Paulus Werner , Hasselblatt Martin 
Published: April 2023

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Ependymomas are glial tumors of presumably radial glial origin that share morphologic similarities with ependymal cells. The molecular genetics of ependymomas of supratentorial, infratentorial, and spinal location is heterogeneous. We aimed at identifying pathways operative in the development of infratentorial ependymomas.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> To do so, gene expression profiles of tumor cells laser microdissected from infratentorial ependymomas (<i>n</i> = 15) were compared with that of nonneoplastic ependymal cells laser microdissected from autopsy tissue (<i>n</i> = 7).</p><p><b>Results:</b> Among 31 genes significantly overexpressed (>5-fold) in ependymomas, transcription factor <i>EVI1</i> (ecotropic viral integration site 1) showed the highest overexpression (35-fold). Evi-1 protein expression could be confirmed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of 26 of 28 infratentorial ependymomas but only in 7 of 47 nonependymal glial tumors (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, <i>MDS1/EVI1</i> fusion transcripts were detectable in 17 of 28 infratentorial ependymomas and significantly correlated with MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase) promoter hypermethylation (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In primary infratentorial ependymoma cells, transfection with <i>EVI1</i>-specific siRNAs resulted in significant growth inhibition [48 hours: 87% ± 2% and 74% ± 10% as compared with control (mean ± SD; <i>P</i> < 0.001)]. The prognostic role of <i>EVI1</i> could further be validated in an independent cohort of 39 infratentorial and 26 supratentorial ependymomas on the basis of mRNA expression profiling. Although in supratentorial ependymomas <i>EVI1</i> expression status had no prognostic impact, in infratentorial ependymomas, high <i>EVI1</i> expression was associated with shorter overall survival and progression-free survival.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> To conclude, the transcription factor Evi-1 is overexpressed in infratentorial ependymomas, promotes proliferation of ependymal tumor cells, and is prognostically unfavorable. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3631–7. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Data from Extracellular Vesicles May Predict Response to Radioembolization and Sorafenib Treatment in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Exploratory Analysis from the SORAMIC Trial
Authors: Shuen Timothy Wai Ho , Alunni-Fabbroni Marianna , Öcal Elif , Malfertheiner Peter , Wildgruber Moritz , Schinner Regina , Pech Maciej , Benckert Julia , Sangro Bruno , Kuhl Christiane , Gasbarrini Antonio , Chow Pierce Kah Hoe , Toh Han Chong , Ricke Jens 
Published: April 2023

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>SORAMIC is a randomized controlled trial in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing sorafenib ± selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT). We investigated the value of extracellular vesicle (EV)-based proteomics for treatment response prediction.</p>Experimental Design:<p>The analysis population comprised 25 patients receiving SIRT+sorafenib and 20 patients receiving sorafenib alone. Patients were classified as responders or nonresponders based on changes in AFP and imaging or overall survival. Proteomic analysis was performed on plasma EVs by LC/MS, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Clinical relevance of candidate EV proteins was validated by survival and receiver-operating characteristic analysis with bootstrap internal sampling validation. Origin of circulating EV was explored by IHC staining of liver and tumor tissues and transcriptomics of blood cells.</p>Results:<p>Proteomic analysis identified 56 and 27 EV proteins that were differentially expressed in plasma EVs between responders and nonresponders receiving SIRT+sorafenib and sorafenib alone, respectively. High EV-GPX3/ACTR3 and low EV-ARHGAP1 were identified as candidate biomarkers at baseline from the 13 responders to SIRT+sorafenib with statistically significant AUC = 1 for all and bootstrap <i>P</i> values 2.23 × 10<sup>−5</sup>, 2.22 × 10<sup>−5</sup>, and 2.23 × 10<sup>−5</sup>, respectively. These patients showed reduced abundance of EV-VPS13A and EV-KALRN 6 to 9 weeks after combined treatment with significant AUC and bootstrap <i>P</i> values. In reverse, low GPX3 and high ARHGAP1 demonstrated better response to sorafenib monotherapy with AUC = 0.9697 and 0.9192 as well as bootstrap <i>P</i> values 8.34 × 10<sup>−5</sup> and 7.98 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, respectively. HCC tumor was the likely origin of circulating EVs.</p>Conclusions:<p>In this exploratory study, EV-based proteomics predicted response to SIRT+sorafenib and sorafenib-only treatment in patients with advanced HCC of metabolic origin.</p></div>
Antitumor Immune Mechanisms of the Anti-Complement Factor H Antibody GT103
Authors: Bushey Ryan T. , Saxena Ruchi , Campa Michael J. , Gottlin Elizabeth B. , He You-Wen , Patz Edward F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Development of novel therapeutic antibodies that not only kill tumor cells but modulate the adaptive immune response has the potential to produce long term anticancer immunity and a durable clinical response. We previously reported the discovery of anti-complement factor H (CFH) autoantibodies in patients with lung cancer that were associated with early-stage disease and exceptional outcomes. The human mAb GT103, produced from a single CFH autoantibody-expressing B cell of a patient with lung cancer, recognizes a conformationally distinct epitope on tumor cells, kills tumor cells, and inhibits tumor growth in animal studies. Recent experiments have shown that GT103 restructures the tumor microenvironment and initiates a robust antitumoral adaptive immune response. The current study further elucidates several mechanisms by which GT103 kills tumor cells and drives the immune program. Here we show GT103 has specificity for tumor cells without binding to native soluble CFH or normal tissues. GT103 causes complement C3 split product deposition on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, triggers antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and increases translocation of the danger-associated molecular pattern molecule calreticulin to the plasma membrane. We also demonstrate that GT103 causes B-cell activation in vitro and in vivo, and that GT103 antitumor activity in vivo is B-cell dependent. The complex mechanism of GT103, a tumor-specific antibody that kills tumor cells and stimulates an immune response, supports further development of this human-derived antibody as a novel therapeutic option for patients with lung cancer.
Novelty and Utility: How the Arts May Advance Question Creation in Contemporary Research
Authors: Lehmann Johannes , Cole Rachel Garber , Stern Nathaniel E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper builds on research around novelty and utility to argue that the value of arts thinking should be applied in the generation of scientific questions. Arts thinking is often playful, less goal oriented, and can lead to new modes of questioning. Scientific thinking often solves an existing question, serves a purpose in solving the question, and must be predictable. The “problem of the problem” is that asking creative questions is the linchpin of the quality of research across the sciences, just as the best of art “does things” that make us move and feel moved; yet we posit that it is useful to consider that what each teaches and celebrates typically tends more toward either utility or novelty as an entry point. A new theoretical basis is presented in identifying questions primarily based on novelty rather than utility, and a catalogue of methods proposed for creating questions to employ in education, practice, and project planning.