bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordinated Immobilization and Rapid Conversion of Polysulfide Enabled by a Hollow Metal Oxide/Sulfide/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Heterostructure for Long‐Cycle‐Life Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Hui , Yang Xuejing , Jin Bo , Cui Mengyang , Li Yiyang , Li Qicheng , Li Lei , Sheng Qidong , Lang Xingyou , Jin Enmei , Jeong Sangmun , Jiang Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are recognized as the prospective candidate in next‐generation energy storage devices due to their gratifying theoretical energy density. Nonetheless, they still face the challenges of the practical application including low utilization of sulfur and poor cycling life derived from shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, a hollow polyhedron with heterogeneous CoO/Co9S8/nitrogen‐doped carbon (CoO/Co9S8/NC) is obtained through employing zeolitic imidazolate framework as precursor. The heterogeneous CoO/Co9S8/NC balances the redox kinetics of Co9S8 with chemical adsorption of CoO toward LiPSs, effectively inhibiting the shuttle of LiPSs. The mechanisms are verified by both experiment and density functional theory calculation. Meanwhile, the hollow structure acts as a sulfur storage chamber, which mitigates the volumetric expansion of sulfur and maximizes the utilization of sulfur. Benefiting from the above advantages, lithium‐sulfur battery with S‐CoO/Co9S8/NC achieves a high initial discharge capacity (1470 mAh g−1 ) at 0.1 C and long cycle life (ultralow capacity attenuation of 0.033% per cycle after 1000 cycles at 1 C). Even under high sulfur loading of 3.0 mg cm−2 , lithium‐sulfur battery still shows the satisfactory electrochemical performance. This work may provide an idea to elevate the electrochemical performance of LSBs by constructing a hollow metal oxide/sulfide/nitrogen‐doped carbon heterogeneous structure.
Realizing the Accurate Measurements of Thermal Conductivity over a Wide Range by Scanning Thermal Microscopy Combined with Quantitative Prediction of Thermal Contact Resistance
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Zhu Wei , Zhou Jie , Deng Yuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractQuantitative thermal performance measurements and thermal management at the micro‐/nano scale are becoming increasingly important as the size of electronic components shrinks. Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is an emerging method with high spatial resolution that accurately reflects changes in local thermal signals based on a thermally sensitive probe. However, because of the unclear thermal resistance at the probe‐sample interface, quantitative characterization of thermal conductivity for different kinds of materials still remains limited. In this paper, the heat transfer process considering the thermal contact resistance between the probe and sample surface is analyzed using finite element simulation and thermal resistance network model. On this basis, a mathematical empirical function is developed applicable to a variety of material systems, which depicts the relationship between the thermal conductivity of the sample and the probe temperature. The proposed model is verified by measuring ten materials with a wide thermal conductivity range, and then further validated by two materials with unknown thermal conductivity. In conclusion, this work provides the prospect of achieving quantitative characterization of thermal conductivity over a wide range and further enables the mapping of local thermal conductivity to microstructures or phases of materials.
A π‐Conjugated Van der Waals Heterostructure Between Single‐Atom Ni‐Anchored Salphen‐Based Covalent Organic Framework and Polymeric Carbon Nitride for High‐Efficiency Interfacial Charge Separation
Authors: Zhu Liang , Liang Zhifu , Li Hao , Xu Qiunian , Jiang Daochuan , Du Haiwei , Zhu Chuhong , Li Huiquan , Lu Zhou , Yuan Yupeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSemiconductor‐based heterostructures have exhibited great promise as a photocatalyst to convert solar energy into sustainable chemical fuels, however, their solar‐to‐fuel efficiency is largely restricted by insufficient interfacial charge separation and limited catalytically active sites. Here the integration of high‐efficiency interfacial charge separation and sufficient single‐atom metal active sites in a 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure between ultrathin polymeric carbon nitride (p‐CN) and Ni‐containing Salphen‐based covalent organic framework (Ni‐COF) nanosheets is illustrated. The results reveal a NiN2O2chemical bonding in NiCOF nanosheets, leading to a highly separated single‐atom Ni sites, which will function as the catalytically active sites to boost solar fuel production, as confirmed by X‐ray absorption spectra and density functional theory calculations. Using ultrafast femtosecond transient adsorption (fs‐TA) spectra, it shows that the vdWp‐CN/Ni‐COF heterostructure exhibits a faster decay lifetime of the exciton annihilation (τ = 18.3 ps) compared to that of neatp‐CN (32.6 ps), illustrating an efficiently accelerated electron transfer across the vdW heterointerface fromp‐CN to Ni‐COF, which thus allows more active electrons available to participate in the subsequent reduction reactions. The photocatalytic results offer a chemical fuel generation rate of 2.29 mmol g−1h−1for H2and 6.2 µmol g−1h−1for CO, ≈127 and three times higher than that of neatp‐CN, respectively. This work provides new insights into the construction of a π‐conjugated vdW heterostructure on promoting interfacial charge separation for high‐efficiency photocatalysis.
Nanozyme‐Based Supramolecular Self‐Assembly As an Artificial Host Defense System For Treatment of Bacterial Infections
Authors: Yi Jiadai , Deng Qingqing , Liu Zhenqi , Wang Huan , Liu Xuemeng , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe proper functioning of host defense system (HDS) is the key to combating bacterial infection in biological organisms. However, the delicate HDS may be dysfunctional or dysregulated, resulting in persistent infection, tissue damage, or delayed wound healing. Herein, a powerful artificial “host defense system” (aHDS) is designed and constructed for treatment of bacterial infections. First, the aHDS can quickly trap the bacteria by electrostatic interactions. Next, the system can be stimulated to produce large amounts of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exert strong antibacterial effects, which can further regulate the immune microenvironment, leading to macrophage polarization from M0 to pro‐inflammatory phenotype (M1) for synergistic bacteria killing. At the later stages, the system can exhibit excellent antioxidant enzyme‐like activities to reprogram the M1 macrophage to anti‐inflammatory phenotype (M2) for accelerating wound healing. This powerful aHDS can effectively combat the bacteria and avoid excessive inflammatory responses for the treatment of bacteria‐infected wounds.
Diastereoisomer separation of silybin A and silybin B by semi‐preparative liquid chromatography using Box–Behnken design
Authors: Liu Hong , Shen Ruoyao , Du ZhenXia , Yuan QiPeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe effects of the flow rate, the injection volume, and the mobile phase ratio on the retention time and the resolution of separation of silybin were examined using Box–Behnken design on a symmetry prep C18 column. The optimum values of the operating parameters were 8 ml/min for the flow rate, 3 ml for the injection volume, and 40:60 for the mobile phase ratio. Under the optimal conditions, the retention time of silybin B was 59.552 min and the resolution of silybin A and silybin B was 1.0696, where the purities of the obtained silybin A and silybin B were both over 99% by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. The preparative‐liquid chromatography simulation was applied with COMSOL. The optimization results of the response surface are consistent with the experiment and the simulation results. The structures of the compounds were identified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐ time of flight mass spectrometry.
A Novel Acetylated Lotus Seed Starch: Preparation, Structural, and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Lin Yongjie , Lin Yan , Wang Zhiyun , Wang Yanbo , Zhang Yi , Zheng Baodong , Zeng Hongliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe objectives of this study are to investigate the structural and physicochemical properties of a novel acetylated lotus seed starch (LSA). LSA is successfully prepared using an aqueous phase method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) proves that a carbonyl C=O vibration at 1737 cm−1 are due to the introduced acetyl groups. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the acetylation treatment does not change the crystal structure, but reduces the relative crystallinity of starch. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the surface of LSA with 12% of acetic anhydride (LS‐12A) becomes the roughest. Moreover, compared with lotus seed starch (LS), the particle size, transparency, swelling power, and solubility of LSA are increased to 18.01 ± 0.66 µm, 15.30% ± 0.30%, 9.59 ± 1.78 g g−1, and 6.06% ± 0.99% at 55 °C with the additional content of acetic anhydride. However, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that the melting enthalpy of LSA decreases compared with LS. This work provides some theoretical basis for the study and development of acetylated starch.
Effects of bigheaded carp on larval Freshwater Drum diets
Authors: Tillotson Nathan A. , Weber Michael J. , Pierce Clay L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
We investigated foraging success, diet composition, and the abundances of various prey taxa in the diets of larval Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens across a gradient of bigheaded carp (Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix) relative abundance and in relation to zooplankton density, temperature, discharge, and larval fish densities in the upper Mississippi River (UMR).

Methods
We sampled fish larvae and zooplankton every 10 days (May–August 2017 and 2018) from UMR Pools 14, 16, and 18–20; collected environmental data from nearby gauging stations; and assessed bigheaded carp relative abundance.

Result
Crustacean zooplankton abundance was positively related to larval foraging success. Copepods were the dominant prey, but larvae also consumed large proportions of rotifer eggs and benthic insect larvae. Bigheaded carp presence and catch per unit effort were positively associated with increased larval consumption of atypical prey (rotifer eggs and aquatic insect larvae) and cyclopoid copepods. Cladocerans were the rarest prey consumed by larvae in pools where bigheaded carp were present, but they were more frequently consumed in pools where bigheaded carp were absent. In addition to bigheaded carp abundance, river discharge was negatively associated with larval consumption of cladocerans, aquatic insect larvae, and rotifers; water temperature was negatively associated with the consumption of copepods and cladocerans; and rotifer abundance was positively associated with their consumption.

Conclusion
We suggest that bigheaded carp alter larval fish diets to prey that may be less energetically beneficial, which can have implications for larval growth and survival.
Adaptive Ion‐Gel: Stimuli‐Responsive, and Self‐Healing Ion Gels
Authors: Tamate Ryota , Ueki Takeshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIon gels are an emerging class of polymer gels in which a three‐dimensional polymer network swells with an ionic liquid. Ion gels have drawn considerable attention in various fields such as energy and biotechnology owing to their excellent properties including nonvolatility, nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, and high thermal and electrochemical stability. Since the first report on ion gels (published ∼30 years ago), diverse functional ion gels exhibiting impressive physicochemical properties have been reported. In this review, recent developments in functional ion gels that can modulate their physical properties in response to environmental conditions are outlined. Stimuli‐responsive ion gels that can adaptively undergo phase transitions in response to thermal and light stimuli are initially discussed, followed by an evaluation of diverse self‐healing ion gels that can spontaneously mend mechanical damage through judiciously designed ion‐gel networks.
Performance evaluation and conservation of waste solid plastics into alternative fuel for a pollution‐free environment
Authors: Venkatesh Rathinavelu , Manivannan Subramanian , Karthikeyan Natarajan , Kubendiran Murugan , Kannan Chidambaram Ramesh , Naveen Subbaiyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe handling of waste plastics is a big challenge and various recycling routes are imposed to prevent the environmental ecosystem. Waste plastics are one of the major pollutants in the living environment and have characteristics such as non‐dehydration and toxicity. The wastages are occupying natural lands and water source areas, decreasing the soil behavior, reducing the minerals, and affecting the environmental ecosystem. In this situation, waste plastics are effectively handled with a suitable recycling process that helps to minimize toxicity. According to the present research, waste plastics are handled by separate arrangements and treated with the pyrolysis technique to obtain useful alternative fuel oil for automotive fuel applications. The synthesized pyrolysis (waste plastic oil fuel) oil fuel is tested by single stage four‐stroke diesel engines and its performance is compared with standard diesel fuel. The test results show that the brake thermal efficiency is improved by 28.85%. A higher 37% yield was obtained during this decomposition process above the 550°C temperature of 1 kg of waste plastics, formed as gas and condensed via cooling water, maintaining an ambient temperature. Moreover, the DI gas emission analyzer is used to evaluate the exhaust gas emission result found less than 1% of the CO and HC formation.
Metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease is associated with acute pancreatitis with more severe course: Post hoc analysis of a prospectively collected international registry
Authors: Váncsa Szilárd , Sipos Zoltán , Váradi Alex , Nagy Rita , Ocskay Klementina , Juhász Félix Márk , Márta Katalin , Teutsch Brigitta , Mikó Alexandra , Hegyi Péter Jenő , Vincze Áron , Izbéki Ferenc , Czakó László , Papp Mária , Hamvas József , Varga Márta , Török Imola , Mickevicius Artautas , Erőss Bálint , Párniczky Andrea , Szentesi Andrea , Pár Gabriella , Hegyi Péter ,   the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a proven risk factor for acute pancreatitis (AP). However, NAFLD has recently been redefined as metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In this post hoc analysis, we quantified the effect of MAFLD on the outcomes of AP.MethodsWe identified our patients from the multicentric, prospective International Acute Pancreatitis Registry of the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Next, we compared AP patients with and without MAFLD and the individual components of MAFLD regarding in‐hospital mortality and AP severity based on the revised Atlanta classification. Lastly, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsMAFLD had a high prevalence in AP, 39% (801/2053). MAFLD increased the odds of moderate‐to‐severe AP (OR = 1.43, CI: 1.09–1.89). However, the odds of in‐hospital mortality (OR = 0.89, CI: 0.42–1.89) and severe AP (OR = 1.70, CI: 0.97–3.01) were not higher in the MAFLD group. Out of the three diagnostic criteria of MAFLD, the highest odds of severe AP was in the group based on metabolic risk abnormalities (OR = 2.68, CI: 1.39–5.09). In addition, the presence of one, two, and three diagnostic criteria dose‐dependently increased the odds of moderate‐to‐severe AP (OR = 1.23, CI: 0.88–1.70, OR = 1.38, CI: 0.93–2.04, and OR = 3.04, CI: 1.63–5.70, respectively) and severe AP (OR = 1.13, CI: 0.54–2.27, OR = 2.08, CI: 0.97–4.35, and OR = 4.76, CI: 1.50–15.4, respectively). Furthermore, in patients with alcohol abuse and aged ≥60 years, the effect of MAFLD became insignificant.ConclusionsMAFLD is associated with AP severity, which varies based on the components of its diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, MAFLD shows a dose‐dependent effect on the outcomes of AP.
Concentration of mineral and heavy metals in raw mare (horse) milk consumed in Yazd, Iran: A risk assessment study
Authors: Alipour Azar , Akrami Mohajeri Fateme , Javdan Gholamali , Pourramezani Fatemeh , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Khalili Sadrabad Elham 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the mare's milk has been introduced as a rich source of nutrients with hypoallergic characteristics which is widely used for Iranian infants.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the heavy metal concentration of mare's milk and its consumption risk assessment.MethodsAbout 88 mare's milk was collected from Yazd, the centre of Iran, during the summer of 2020. The raw mare's milk was digested and analysed for mineral and heavy metal content (As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb and Zn) by ICP‐OES. To estimate the health hazard for consumers the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) of heavy metals were determined.ResultsThe Ca ranged from 260.52 to 201.43 mg/L, which was the highest mineral in mare's milk followed by P and Mg. By increasing the age, P and Ca content was increased. The obtained ranges of Cu, Co, Fe, Mn and Zn were 72.12–75.11, 1.12–9.3, 180.69–230.21, 31.24–47.13 and 1060–1200 μg/L, respectively. The Cd and Arsenic content of mares' 8–11 years of age had higher concentrations. The highest Pb content was reported in mares 4–7 years old (10 μg/L). Although, Pb, Cd and As content of the mare's milk was evaluated lower than the permissible limit. Also, the HQ value was As > Cd > Pb > Zn > Ni > Cu for infants, toddlers and adults. The HI of mare's milk was 0.16, 0.15 and 0.022 for infants, toddlers and adults, respectively.ConclusionsMare's milk could be an effective nutrition source for infants and children suffering from milk protein allergies.
Association of precalving serum NEFA concentrations with postpartum diseases and reproductive performance in multiparous Holstein cows: Cut‐off values
Authors: Kia Samuel , Mohri Mehrdad , Seifi Hesam A 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh concentrations of NEFA relative to a defined reference or ‘cut‐point’ values before calving can predict the risk of specific or collective periparturient disease events.ObjectivesA field‐based cohort study was conducted to evaluate the value and critical points of serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) at the precalving time to predict the occurrence of postpartum diseases and reproductive performance in dairy cows.MethodsBlood samples were taken from 521 high‐yielding dairy cows at 1 week (±3 days) before calving and NEFA levels were measured. Health and reproduction information of each cow includes dystocia, retained placenta, milk fever, metritis, mastitis, pregnancy in the first insemination and pregnancy in the first two inseminations, and culling in the first 60 days of lactation and milk production.ResultsOur results show that there are significant relationships between precalving NEFA with the probability of pregnancy at the first and the first two inseminations after calving. The cows that had NEFA concentrations less than 0.5 mmol/L at the last week of pregnancy were 3.51 and 3.15 times more likely to be pregnant at first insemination and the first two inseminations, respectively. Also, our results showed that there are significant relationships between precalving NEFA concentration and the likelihood of dystocia and milk fever. The probability of dystocia and milk fever occurrence were 2.56 and 1.91 times greater in those cows that had NEFA concentrations more than 0.3 mmol/L, respectively.ConclusionsThe present results indicated that Increasing NEFA during the prepartum period could adversely affect the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows.
Cutaneous nerve sheath tumours, non‐infectious polycystic kidney disease, renal granulomas, nephrocalcinosis and crystals: Incidental pathological findings in pond‐living goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus)
Authors: Mandrioli Luciana , Parmeggiani Albamaria , Casalini Antonio , Errani Francesca , Ciulli Sara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn an adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus), an unusual combination of diseases was detected. The owner noted a bilateral, asymmetrical distention of the abdomen, multiple cutaneous masses and an altered swimming behaviour over the course of time; diagnostic work‐up was not requested and euthanasia elected. Grossly, the cutaneous masses were whitish, discrete, extremely friable. Histologically, the dermis was multifocally expanded by moderately cellular, unencapsulated neoplastic tissue, composed of dermal spindle cells. The celomic cavity opening revealed a gelatinous multicystic mass, corresponding to the kidney, which replicated several cysts compressing the residual parenchyma. Histologically, sparse, late‐stage granulomas, basophilic intratubular deposits and crystals were also detected. No mycobacterial DNA was detected in tissue with granulomas. No parasites were detected in the histological sections examined. Diagnoses of cutaneous nerve sheath tumours, polycystic kidney disease, renal late‐stage granulomas, nephrocalcinosis and crystals were formulated. The authors had proposed to recapitulate each single condition.
Graft Versus Tumour Effect
Authors: NíChonghaile Mairéad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe treatment of relapsed disease remains challenging, and it is well accepted that concept of allogeneic HSCT relies upon both the conditioning or preparative regimen used for the recipient and the graft versus malignancy (GvM) or leukaemia (GvL) effect provided by the donor T cells and NK cells. Strategies which involve harnessing this effect are crucial to success and need to be exploited and refined to improve outcome. Further research is required to identify new strategies and therapies to improve the outlook for patients who relapse post-HSCT.The nursing challenges following relapse are immense; the psychological support required is complex and largely falls to the nurse to coordinate and deliver regardless of the selected treatment approach.
HSCT: How Does It Work?
Authors: Galgano Letizia , Hutt Daphna , Mekelenkamp Hilda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe HSCT (haematopoietic stem cell transplant) is a particular treatment for many haematological and non-haematological diseases. Broadly, there are three different categories of transplantation, autologous, allogeneic and syngeneic, which can be applied to most disease scenarios. Haematopoietic stem cells can be derived from the bone marrow, peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood. HSCT treatment can be divided into separate phases that start with the harvest of the stem cells and passing through the conditioning, aplasia and engraftment until the recovery of the haematopoietic functions. HSCT is indicated in many diseases, and these indications depend on numerous factors such as the disease type, stage and response to previous treatment. This chapter includes transplant in primary immunodeficiency in children, haemoglobinopathies as well as inherited bone marrow failure and inborn errors of metabolism.
Donor Selection
Authors: NíChonghaile Mairéad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAllogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for a variety of malignant and non-malignant disorders. The aim of HSCT is to replace the patient’s haematopoiesis with that taken from a donor, and a prerequisite is the identification of a suitable donor. It is an intense and demanding process and puts considerable strain on both recipients and donors. The choice of donor has an impact on the transplantation process from scheduling to outcome. There are several common donor issues whether the donor is related or unrelated including eligibility, confidentiality, informed consent and right to refuse consent.