bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical studies on the behavior of cold‐formed double‐channel shear connector
Authors: Divya M. , Sripathibabu Arun Krishna Vellore , Rajendran Senthilkumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe longitudinal shear forces are transferred through mechanical shear connectors at the steel beams and concrete slab intersection in composite beams. The shear connectors can be directly welded to the hot rolled steel beam, which is difficult in thin, cold‐formed steel beams. Thus, a cold‐formed double‐channel shear connector is proposed, and its suitability is investigated in this study. The double channel shear connector is a channel shaped shear connector formed from a flat plat and it is mounted on the flange of steel beam in pairs. The finite element model of the experimental Pushout test assembly was developed with the equivalent numerical constraints and interaction commands in a finite element software (ABAQUS). The developed models were fed with initial imperfection, load slip response, and material nonlinearity to achieve the proper experiment simulation. Initially, the developed models were validated against nine experimental test data reported by authors in the previous study. The parametric study was conducted to assess the behavior of cold‐formed channel shear connectors. The key parameters adopted in this study are the length of the shear connector, the grade of concrete and the grade and thickness of the steel connector. Three common failure patterns were witnessed among 107 numerical models. In this study, the factors influencing the control of failure patterns are presented, along with the factors influencing the shear connector's ultimate capacity.
The identity of the carrageenophyte red alga Sarcothalia radula (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Nelson Wendy A. , Neill Kate F. , Preuss Maren , Sutherland Judy E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe carrageenophyte red alga Sarcothalia radula (Gigartinaceae), referred to under its earlier name Gigartina radula, is one of eight species considered a safe source of the refined hydrocolloid and food additive carrageenan and is also reported to be a source of compounds of interest in a variety of other commercial applications. While the latter name has been applied to carrageenophyte red algae from many parts of the Southern Hemisphere as well as in the northeast Pacific, the identity of the type material and the type locality have remained unclear. The location of the type specimen of Fucus radula could not be found. We discuss available information about the probable collection location and present arguments for the collection to have been made during Cook's second voyage to southern New Zealand. Both a lectotype and epitype are designated.
What about “space” is important for episodic memory?
Authors: Fan Carina L. , Sokolowski H. Moriah , Rosenbaum R. Shayna , Levine Brian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly cognitive neuroscientific research revealed that the hippocampus is crucial for spatial navigation in rodents, and for autobiographical episodic memory in humans. Researchers quickly linked these streams to propose that the human hippocampus supports memory through its role in representing space, and research on the link between spatial cognition and episodic memory in humans has proliferated over the past several decades. Different researchers apply the term “spatial” in a variety of contexts, however, and it remains unclear what aspect of space may be critical to memory. Similarly, “episodic” has been defined and tested in different ways. Naturalistic assessment of spatial memory and episodic memory (i.e., episodic autobiographical memory) is required to unify the scale and biological relevance in comparisons of spatial and mnemonic processing. Limitations regarding the translation of rodent to human research, human ontogeny, and inter‐individual variability require greater consideration in the interpretation of this literature. In this review, we outline the aspects of space that are (and are not) commonly linked to episodic memory, and then we discuss these dimensions through the lens of individual differences in naturalistic autobiographical memory. Future studies should carefully consider which aspect(s) of space are being linked to memory within the context of naturalistic human cognition.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Memory
Securing the Present and the Future: The Targets of Warranty
Authors: McHaffie M. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter looks at the people against whom protection was sought and for how long warranty was expected to be valid. It demonstrates that warranty was typically directed ‘against all people’ (contra omnes homines), and that family members were only rarely specifically signalled out as being of particular concern. Further, the tenants and agents of lords posed an especial threat, and I suggest therefore that warranty was in part orientated towards protection against the various claims for services and customs that the lord of an alienor (or his/her deputies) might make on transferred property. The chapter then discusses the temporal duration of warranty. I suggest that people generally expected warranty to be valid for perpetuity, and that an alienor’s heirs were also ordinarily expected to uphold the warranty commitments of their predecessors. In so arguing, I thus further decouple the history of warranty from existing historiographical explanations, and reinforce the associations between warranty and lordship.
Research on Health Assessment Model and Data Analysis Method of Steel-Concrete Composite Girder Bridge
Authors: Hui Jizhuang , Zhang Haobo , Zhaxi Nima , Cidan Duojie , Liu Yongjian , Cheng Gao , Shi He 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to evaluate the health status of Steel-concrete composite girder bridges, a health status assessment model based on the bridge monitoring scheme is proposed, and a matching data analysis method is established on this basis. Firstly, the data are divided into two index layers: monitoring projects and monitoring points, and a health status assessment model is established based on this. Secondly, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the state of Steel-concrete composite girder bridges is realized by the membership vectorization processing of the monitoring data. Finally, the method is applied to an actual bridge to evaluate the health status. The results show that the established model and method can evaluate the state of the Steel-concrete composite girder bridge, and the state of the bridge evaluated by this method is level 1 and the health is better. The health status assessment model and data analysis method of Steel-concrete composite girder bridges establishes a direct connection between objective data and subjective assessment, provides an effective way for the real-time evaluation of bridge health status.
Credibility of Estimating the Hysteretic Energy Demands of Concentrically Braced Steel Frames
Authors: Ma Cuiling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarthquake happens frequently in China, and seismic design is of high importance for buildings. The energy-based seismic design method with clear conception has attracted attention of more and more researchers. One of the initial questions is how to determine the energy requirement. In this paper, the finite element software is used to analyze the time history of the concentrically braced steel frames designed according to the current codes and standards. The analysis shows that the cumulative demand obtained by time history analysis is similar to the estimated value. The hysteretic energy dissipation of the concentrically braced steel frames is of small top and big bottom along the height of the structure, and the energy dissipation of the floors below the height of H/3 (H is the height of the structure) is larger. Under rare earthquakes, the yield mode of structures designed according to the elastic design method of small earthquakes is uncontrollable, so it is necessary to study the design method based on energy behavior.
Experimental Study on Mix Ratio Design of High Coal Gangue Content Concrete
Authors: Liu Yingran , Sun Yu , Gong Jian , Zhang Yafeng , Sun Zhewei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to improve the utilization rate of coal gangue as aggregate in concrete, based on the orthogonal experimental design method, the L16 (45) orthogonal table was used to initially prepare the mix ratio, and the concrete compressive specimens were poured, and their compressive strength was tested after standard curing for 7 days. The significance of the three factors of coal gangue ratio, coal gangue-sand ratio and water-binder ratio on strength was preliminarily understood. Then adjust the factor levels, use the L9 (34) orthogonal table to arrange the factor levels, formulate the mix ratio, test its strength after curing under the same conditions, and finally analyze that the optimal mix ratio of high-volume coal gangue concrete is 90% of coal gangue. Coal gangue sand accounts for 60% of the total sand, the water-binder ratio is 0.4, the sand rate is 35%, and the amount of cement per cubic meter is 350 kg. This mix ratio can use a large amount of coal gangue as a concrete cushion or sub-base in road engineering.
Slope Reliability Analysis Based on Nonlinear Stochastic Finite Element Method
Authors: Cheng Jing , He Ziyao , Liu Zhong , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn slope stability reliability analysis, the deterministic analysis method is usually used to calculate the safety factor to measure the stability of the slope, but the traditional deterministic analysis method cannot fully consider and describe the natural spatial variability of soil, which leads to the failure probability calculation of the slope is not accurate enough. Aiming at the problem of spatial variability of soil mechanical parameters in slope stability analysis, this paper proposes a stochastic finite element method for calculating the distribution of FS (factor of safety) of dam slopes, and MC (Monte Carlo) strength reduction combined method and MC direct method are proposed to calculate the reliability of slope. Taking isotropic two-dimensional slope as an example: firstly, the random field is sampled to get the corresponding random field of material properties, and then the slope displacement, stress and plasticity zone results are calculated; then on the basis of NMC times sampling of random field, there are: (i) Combined method (M1): the strength reduction method is used to get the reduction coefficient of each sample, and then its distribution, slope failure probability and reliability index are calculated; (ii) MC direct method (M2): using the viscop lastic method to solve and judge the instability of slopes, and the instability cases under all sample conditions are counted to obtain the failure probability and reliability index of slopes. The results show that the slope stability analysis considering the random field of material properties can obtain the real and reliable slope stability analysis results by comprehensively evaluating the slope safety through the mean value, variance, distribution and reliability index of the slope safety factor.
Bridge Comparison of Erection Solutions for Steel Box Girders Spanning from Anchorage in the Sea on Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge
Authors: Xue Zhi-Wu , Guo Qiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe non-navigable hole bridge in the east and west flooding area of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge 110 m continuous steel box girder system, each with 2 holes of steel box girders spanning the Lingdingyang Bridge sea anchor, which is affected by the anchor and the subsidiary structure, and its installation is difficult. In view of the characteristics of the project, three installation solutions were proposed: large section lifting, small section incremental launching and large section incremental launching. Combined with the comparative analysis of construction efficiency, temporary structure usage, equipment input and construction risk, the large section incremental launching solution not only has less temporary structure input and controllable construction period, but also avoids the input of new equipment and has the best comprehensive economy, which is recommended as the preferred solution for this project. The finite element analysis of the incremental launching process shows that the structural forces meet the requirements after local reinforcement, and the scheme is safe and feasible.
Application of ABAQUS by Using Python in Concrete-Filled Steel Tube
Authors: Yang Zhishuo , Chen Mingxia , Chen Feixin , Dong Zuorong , Zhong Yiman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConcrete-filled steel tube (CFST) column have remarkable mechanical properties and are widely used in engineering. In order to avoid repeated work, this paper introduces a concrete model based on Python, which is used for automatic simulation of CFST columns under different loads. The pre-treatment and finite element analysis of CFST columns are carried out by using the model software. Finally, examples were cited to illustrate that the simulation results of the model are similar to the test results, and the purpose of engineering application is achieved.
Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slab-Rectangular Column Connections Using ABAQUS
Authors: Jia Yueqiao , Luin Jeffrey Chiang Choong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRectangular columns used in flat-slab structures run the risk of punching shear damage due to stress concentrations, especially when bending moments and vertical forces act together at the connections. Using the finite element analysis method, the existing experiments are numerically simulated using the 3D modeling software ABAQUS, and describe the cracking behavior of concrete using the concrete damaged plasticity model. The accuracy of the numerical simulation was calibrated by load–displacement curves and crack patterns using the experimental results. The study of the model was set up with different moment-to-shear ratios and outputs the trend of the average shear stress on the eccentric force side of the slab. The moment transfer coefficients are derived through the equation of ACI-318 and compared with the code values. A safe range of side length ratios is proposed to reduce the risk of punching shear damage from the use of rectangular columns. This provides a reference for practical design, but more experiments are needed to support the proposed recommendations.
Analysis of the Impact of Earthquakes on the Stability of Overlying Fill Slopes
Authors: li Bin , Hou Wensheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarthquakes are one of the main factors causing landslides. In this paper, the author conducted a numerical simulation of an overlying fill slope in Guangxi, the subject, with Midas GTS under the vibration conditions of magnitude 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, and 8 earthquakes and obtained the total, horizontal and vertical displacement of the slope and its stability coefficient. The results showed that the displacement of the slope increased with the increase of the seismic acceleration; its maximum displacement occurred in the middle of the slope (fill); the difference of the maximum horizontal displacement from the total displacement and vertical displacement was that as the seismic acceleration increased, the maximum horizontal displacement occurred not only in the middle of the slope (fill), but also at the top and on the middle and upper surfaces; the vertical displacement was most susceptible, while the horizontal displacement was least susceptible; as the magnitude increased, the stability coefficient of the slope also decreased significantly; and, vegetation planting on the slope and the setup of a retaining wall at the foot could improve its stability coefficient effectively. Therefore, it was necessary to plant vegetation on a slope and set up a retaining wall at the foot.
Projected transverse momentum resummation in top-antitop pair production at LHC
Authors: Ju Wan-Li , Schönherr Marek 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The transverse momentum distribution of the $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

system is of both experimental and theoretical interest. In the presence of azimuthally asymmetric divergences, pursuing resummation at high logarithmic precision is rather demanding in general. In this paper, we propose the projected transverse momentum spectrum $$ \textrm{d}{\sigma}_{t\overline{t}}/\textrm{d}{q}_{\tau } $$
d

σ

t

t
¯

/
d

q
τ

, which is derived from the classical $$ {\overrightarrow{q}}_{\textrm{T}} $$

q
→

T

spectrum by integrating out the rejection component $$ {q}_{\tau_{\perp }} $$

q

τ
⊥

with respect to a reference unit vector $$ \overrightarrow{\tau} $$

τ
→

, to serve as an alternative solution to remove these asymmetric divergences, in addition to the azimuthally averaged case $$ \textrm{d}{\sigma}_{t\overline{t}}/\textrm{d}\mid {\overrightarrow{q}}_{\textrm{T}}\mid $$
d

σ

t

t
¯

/
d
∣

q
→

T

∣
. In the context of the effective field theories, SCETII and HQET, we will demonstrate that in spite of the $$ {q}_{\tau_{\perp }} $$

q

τ
⊥

integrations, the leading asymptotic terms of $$ \textrm{d}{\sigma}_{t\overline{t}}/\textrm{d}{q}_{\tau } $$
d

σ

t

t
¯

/
d

q
τ

still observe the factorisation pattern in terms of the hard, beam, and soft functions in the vicinity of qτ = 0 GeV. Then, with the help of the renormalisation group equation techniques, we carry out the resummation at NLL+NLO, N2LL+N2LO, and approximate N2LL′+N2LO accuracy on three observables of interest, $$ \textrm{d}{\sigma}_{t\overline{t}}/d{q}_{\textrm{T},\textrm{in}},\textrm{d}{\sigma}_{t\overline{t}}/\textrm{d}{q}_{\textrm{T},\textrm{out}} $$
d

σ

t

t
¯

/
d

q

T
,
in

,
d

σ

t

t
¯

/
d

q

T
,
out

, and $$ \textrm{d}{\sigma}_{t\overline{t}}/d\Delta {\phi}_{t\overline{t}} $$
d

σ

t

t
¯

/
d
Δ

ϕ

t

t
¯

, within the domain $$ {M}_{t\overline{t}} $$

M

t

t
¯

≥ 400 GeV. The first two cases are obtained by choosing $$ \overrightarrow{\tau} $$

τ
→

parallel and perpendicular to the top quark transverse momentum, respectively. The azimuthal de-correlation $$ \Delta {\phi}_{t\overline{t}} $$
Δ

ϕ

t

t
¯

of the $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

pair is evaluated through its kinematical connection to qT,out. This is the first time the azimuthal spectrum $$ \Delta {\phi}_{t\overline{t}} $$
Δ

ϕ

t

t
¯

is appraised at or beyond the N2LL level including a consistent treatment of both beam collinear and soft radiation.
Gluon transverse-momentum-dependent distributions from large-momentum effective theory
Authors: Zhu Ruilin , Ji Yao , Zhang Jian-Hui , Zhao Shuai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate that gluon transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) can be extracted from lattice calculations of appropriate Euclidean correlations in large-momentum effective theory (LaMET). Based on perturbative calculations of gluon unpolarized and helicity TMDPDFs, we present a matching formula connecting them and their LaMET counterparts, where the latter are renormalized in a scheme facilitating lattice calculations and converted to the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme. The hard matching kernel is given up to one-loop level. We also show that the perturbative result is independent of the prescription used for the pinch-pole singularity in the relevant correlations. Our results offer a guidance for the extraction of gluon TMDPDFs from lattice simulations, and have the potential to greatly facilitate perturbative calculations of the hard matching kernel.
Protection by ordinary light clothing against pesticide spray drift for bystanders and residents
Authors: Felkers Edgars , Kuster Christian J. , Adham Sarah , Hewitt Nicola J. , Kluxen Felix M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere are stringent EU regulatory requirements to assess pesticide exposure to bystanders and residents to direct spray drift. A “light clothing” adjustment factor (AF) of 0.82 is applied in the exposure assessment, based on simple assumptions for covered body surface and penetration through clothing. To assess the appropriateness of the AF, we collated data from 32 field studies. The mean and 25th percentile % reduction from ordinary light clothing (“reduction %”) in children and adults for all crops and standard and drift-reducing nozzles were 42.7% and 36.2%, resulting in AF of 0.573 and 0.638, respectively. Sources of variation were investigated, e.g. crop type, leaf coverage, buffer, spray pressure, and nozzle type, which indicated that reduction % could be impacted by several conditions. The reduction % is similar between crops; therefore, a single AF value covering all crops can be derived. One exception was for early-stage vineyard scenarios (the reduction % is lower (27%) than late stage (42–47%)) and could be considered individually to avoid unnecessary conservatism for the other scenarios. This evaluation demonstrates the current AF to be overly precautionary, and a more realistic, exposure scenario-relevant value could be applied for bystander/resident risk assessments.
High Resolution Model of the Vinton Salt-Dome Cap Rock by Joint Inversion of the Full Tensor Gravity Gradient Data with the Simulated Annealing Global Optimization Method
Authors: Nava-Flores Mauricio , Ortiz-Alemán Carlos , Urrutia-Fucugauchi Jaime 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present a 3D high-resolution modeling methodology based on the interpretation of gravity gradient data and its joint inversion with the simulated annealing (SA) global optimization method. The geometry of the model, used as computational domain in the solution of the forward and inverse problems, is defined with an irregular ensemble of cubic prisms that recreates the interpreted shape of the target, derived from the results of applying different interpretation methods to the gravity gradient data. In our inversion approach, the linear inverse problem resulting from the domain discretization is not solved. Instead, the cost function is explored with the SA algorithm, its low misfit region is identified, and models belonging to it are selected for obtaining the mean model, which represents the most likely model among them, as well as for estimating its uncertainty. The SA inversion algorithm we applied was numerically optimized to reduce the computational burden required by the forward problem, and it was driven by optimal tuning parameters, determined by a parametric analysis. Tests on synthetic data show the efficiency of our methodology to obtain a model that approximates the synthetic target and the usefulness of the estimated uncertainty to complement the interpretation. Finally, by applying our methodology to gravity gradient data acquired over the Vinton dome located in Louisiana, USA, we obtained results that are in agreement with geological information and previous studies.
Affine Hypersurfaces of Arbitrary Signature with an Almost Symplectic Form
Authors: Szancer Michal , Szancer Zuzanna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study affine hypersurfaces with non-degenerate second fundamental form of arbitrary signature additionally equipped with an almost symplectic structure $$\omega $$
ω
. We prove that if $$R^p\omega =0$$

R
p

ω
=
0

or $$\nabla ^p\omega =0$$

∇
p

ω
=
0

for some positive integer p then the rank of the shape operator is at most one. The results provide complete classification of affine hypersurfaces with higher order parallel almost symplectic forms and are generalization of recently obtained results for Lorentzian affine hypersurfaces.