bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Morphometry of the Canine Pelvis: Implications for Total Hip Replacement Surgery
Authors: Fracka Agnieszka B. , Zindl Claudia , Allen Matthew J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives Two-dimensional measurements of acetabular geometry are widely used for the assessment of acetabular component orientation following total hip replacement (THR). With the increasing availability of computed tomography scans, there is an opportunity to develop three-dimensional (3D) planning to improve surgical accuracy. The aim of this study was to validate a 3D workflow for measuring angles of lateral opening (ALO) and version, and to establish reference values for dogs.
Methods Pelvic computed tomography scans were obtained from 27 skeletally mature dogs with no radiographic evidence of hip joint pathology. Patient-specific 3D models were built, and ALO and version angles were measured for both acetabula. The validity of the technique was determined by calculating intra-observer coefficient of variation (CV, %). Reference ranges were calculated and data from left and right hemipelves were compared using a paired t-test and symmetry index.
Results Measurements of acetabular geometry were highly repeatable (intra-observer CV 3.5–5.2%, inter-observer CV 3.3–5.2%). Mean (± standard deviation) values for ALO and version angle were 42.9 degrees (± 4.0 degrees) and 27.2 degrees (± 5.3 degrees) respectively. Left-right measurements from the same dog were symmetrical (symmetry index 6.8 to 11.1%) and not significantly different.
Conclusions Mean values of acetabular alignment were broadly similar to clinical THR guidelines (ALO of 45 degrees, version angle of 15–25 degrees), but the wide variation in angle measurements highlights the potential need for patient-specific planning to reduce the risk of complications such as luxation.
1.3 Copper-Catalyzed Alkene Difunctionalization
Authors: Chemler S. R. , Kennedy-Ellis J. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlkene difunctionalization is a classic molecular transformation in organic synthesis, enabling the production of more-complex molecules from simple hydrocarbon-derived feedstocks. Alkene difunctionalizations catalyzed by copper complexes offer potentially more-sustainable protocols compared to those catalyzed by more-precious or -toxic metals. This chapter summarizes important recent advancements in the field, especially in the area of asymmetric catalysis. A number of copper-catalyzed intramolecular and intermolecular alkene difunctionalizations for the synthesis of cyclic and acyclic chiral amines and ethers, and related compounds, are presented. The reactions include alkene and/or diene hydroamination, hydroetherification, carboamination, carboetherification, diamination, oxyamination, and dicarbofunctionalization. Many of the reaction mechanisms involve a radical component either in the first or second bond-forming event. The ability of copper to engage with radicals in bond-forming events, including enantioselective ones, is a valuable aspect of many of these reactions.
1.7 Copper-Catalyzed/Mediated Trifluoromethylation and other Fluoroalkylations
Authors: Ouyang Y. , Shou J.-Y. , Qing F.-L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe trifluoromethyl group and other fluoroalkyl groups have received great attention in organic and medicinal chemistry due to their unique properties, such as their strong electronegativity and high lipophilicity. Consequently, the development of methods for the introduction of trifluoromethyl and fluoroalkyl groups into organic molecules has recently seen remarkable progress. In this chapter, copper-catalyzed/mediated fluoroalkylation reactions, including trifluoromethylation, difluoromethylation, and trifluoromethylthiolation are summarized.
1.15 Nickel-Catalyzed Nondirected C—H Functionalization
Authors: Nakao Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter summarizes some selected examples of nickel-catalyzed nondirected C—H functionalization reactions. Nickel(0) complexes have been demonstrated to be effective for C—H alkylation and alkenylation reactions of arenes and hetarenes through a ligand-to-ligand hydrogen-transfer mechanism for C—H activation that is unique to nickel-catalyzed approaches. They also effect the C—H borylation of arenes and hetarenes. Some nickel(II) complexes are shown to catalyze cross-coupling-type transformations of hetarenes with organic electrophiles through C—H activation by nickel(II) intermediates.
Improved anti-inflammatory properties of xanthan gum hydrogel physically and chemically modified with yeast derived peptide
Authors: Alavarse Alex C , Mirzaei Mahta , Shavandi Amin , Petri Denise F S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bioactive peptides from natural resources with associated beneficial biological properties such as skin wound healing have drawn much attention. Polysaccharides with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of modification are suitable carriers for peptides delivery to the wound. In this study, a polysaccharide-peptide system was designed for potential wound healing applications. Xanthan hydrogels were modified with the yeast-derived peptide VW-9 with known biological properties via chemical conjugation using carbodiimide chemistry (XG-g-VW-9) or physically incorporation (XG-p-VW-9). Grafting VW-9 to the hydrogels increased the hydrogels’ swelling degree and the release of the peptide from the hydrogels followed the Higuchi model indicating the peptide diffusion from the hydrogel matrix without hydrogel matrix dissolution. Both hydrogels were cytocompatible toward the tested fibroblast and macrophage cells. XG-p-VW-9 and XG-g-VW-9 reduce the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in cells activated with lipopolysaccharide more efficiently than free VW-9. Thus, VW-9-modified xanthan hydrogels may have the potential to be considered for skin wound healing.
Cell-contact-mediated assembly of contractile airway smooth muscle rings
Authors: Tjong Jonathan , Pendlmayr Stefan , Barter Jena , Chen Julie , Maksym Geoffrey N , Quinn T Alexander , Frampton John P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Microtissues in the shape of toroidal rings provide an ideal geometry to better represent the structure and function of the airway smooth muscle present in the small airways, and to better understand diseases such as asthma. Here, polydimethylsiloxane devices consisting of a series of circular channels surrounding central mandrels are used to form microtissues in the shape of toroidal rings by way of the self-aggregation and -assembly of airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) suspensions. Over time, the ASMCs present in the rings become spindle-shaped and axially align along the ring circumference. Ring strength and elastic modulus increase over 14 d in culture, without significant changes in ring size. Gene expression analysis indicates stable expression of mRNA for extracellular matrix-associated proteins, including collagen I and laminins α1 and α4 over 21 d in culture. Cells within the rings respond to TGF-β1 treatment, leading to dramatic decreases in ring circumference, with increases in mRNA and protein levels for extracellular matrix and contraction-associated markers. These data demonstrate the utility of ASMC rings as a platform for modeling diseases of the small airways such as asthma.
Distinct impacts of two types of El Niño events on northern winter high-latitude temperatures simulated by CMIP6 climate models
Authors: Lee Sangwoo , Park Hyo-Seok , Song Se-Yong , Yeh Sang-Wook 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The interannual variability of the Northern Hemisphere winter climate is strongly linked to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). While North Pacific and North America often exhibit a robust response to ENSO, so-called the Pacific–North America (PNA) pattern, the Arctic and Eurasian climate responses to ENSO remain elusive. This study examines 40 different climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to find the distinct Arctic and Eurasian temperature response to two types of El Niño events. Specifically, Central Pacific (CP) El Niño events are accompanied by significant pan-Arctic warming, whereas Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events are accompanied by cooling over the Barents-Kara Seas and Eurasian continent. During the EP El Niño events, pan-Arctic sea-level pressure (SLP) effectively strengthens, leading to weaker westerlies and surface air cooling over the northern Eurasian continent. These distinct Arctic and Eurasian winter temperature responses to two types of El Niño do not appear clearly in reanalysis data, spanning 1979 to 2021, probably because of the small sample size of El Niño events since the satellite era.
Does Neighborhood Crime Mediate the Relationship Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Birth Outcomes? An Application of the Mediational G-Formula
Authors: Burgos Ochoa Lizbeth , Bijlsma Maarten J , Steegers Eric A P , Been Jasper V , Bertens Loes C M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
While the link between living in a low–socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhood and higher risk of adverse birth outcomes has been well established, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using the parametric g-formula, we assessed the role of neighborhood crime as a potential mediator of the relationship between neighborhood SES and birth outcomes using data on singleton births occurring in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2017 (n = 1,219,470). We estimated total and mediated effects of neighborhood SES on small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, low birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth (PTB) for 3 types of crime (violent crimes, crimes against property, and crimes against public order). The g-formula intervention settings corresponded to a hypothetical improvement in neighborhood SES. A hypothetical improvement in neighborhood SES resulted in a 6.6% (95% CI: 5.6, 7.5) reduction in the proportion of SGA birth, a 9.1% (95% CI: 7.6, 10.6) reduction in LBW, and a 5.8% (95% CI: 5.7, 6.2) decrease in PTB. Neighborhood crime jointly accounted for 28.1% and 8.6% of the total effects on SGA birth and LBW, respectively. For PTB, we found no evidence of mediation. The most relevant pathways were crimes against property and crimes against public order. The results indicate that neighborhood crime mediates a meaningful share of the relationship between neighborhood SES and birth outcomes.
Urine Drug Tests Indicate Higher Prevalence of Combined Alcohol and Cocaine Use Compared to Alcohol Together with Cannabis or Amphetamine—A Possible Link to Cocaethylene
Authors: Helander Anders , Villén Tomas , Signell Patrick 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aim
This retrospective study examined the prevalence of combined ethanol and cocaine use, which produces an enhanced psychoactive effect through formation of the active metabolite cocaethylene, compared to combined use of ethanol and two other common recreational drugs, cannabis and amphetamine, based on urine drug test results.

Methods
The study was based on &gt;30,000 consecutive samples from routine urine drug testing in 2020, and 2627 samples from acute poisonings in the STRIDA project (2010–2016), in Sweden. Drug testing for ethanol (i.e. ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate), cocaine (benzoylecgonine), cannabis (Δ9-THC-COOH) and amphetamine was done by routine immunoassay screening and LC–MS/MS confirmatory methods. Seven samples testing positive for cocaine and ethyl glucuronide were also analyzed for cocaethylene by LC–HRMS/MS.

Results
Among routine samples for which testing of ethanol and cocaine had been requested, 43% tested positive for both substances, compared with 24% for ethanol and cannabis and 19% for ethanol and amphetamine (P &lt; 0.0001). Among the drug-related intoxications, 60% of cocaine-positive samples were also positive for ethanol, compared to 40% for cannabis and ethanol and 37% for amphetamine and ethanol. Cocaethylene was detected (range 1.3–150 μg/L) in all randomly selected samples testing positive for ethanol and cocaine use.

Conclusions
These results, which were based on objective laboratory measures, indicated that combined ethanol and cocaine exposure was more prevalent than expected from drug use statistics. This may relate both to the common use of these substances in party and nightlife settings, and the amplified and prolonged pharmacological effect by the active metabolite cocaethylene.
Evaluation of the Risk of Hypertrophic Scarring and Keloid Following Eyelid Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anderson Lexy , Vankawala Jay , Gupta Nisha , Dorfman Robert , Pflibsen Lacey , Vardanian Andrew , Delong Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Eyelid surgeries are common operations performed for both cosmetic and functional purposes. Because the periorbital region is highly visible, it is important to avoid poor scar formation in this cosmetically sensitive region. No study to date has investigated the possible existence of keloid formation following eyelid procedures.

Objectives
This study systematically reviewed the literature to identify cases of hypertrophic scar and keloid formation following cosmetic or functional (nonburn) eyelid procedures to aid surgeons when counseling patients.

Methods
A PubMed/MEDLINE search was conducted on May 17, 2022, using appropriate search terms: “blepharoplasty,” “tarsorrhaphy,” “canthotomy,” “ptosis repair,” “epicanthoplasty,” “keloid,” “hypertrophic scar,” and related lay terms. All eligible articles in English with no lower date limit were included for analysis. Descriptive statistics, exclusion criteria, and summarized results are reported.

Results
The PubMed search yielded 107 abstracts/articles. Full-text review resulted in 34 articles included for analysis. Twenty manuscripts reported no occurrences of hypertrophic scars. Only 13 manuscripts reported patients with hypertrophic scarring, which equated to 36 patients out of 3650. One individual was identified in a series of 77 patients who developed a keloid after a tarsorrhaphy. No articles reported a keloid as an outcome of strictly cosmetic procedures.

Conclusions
This study concludes that there are no reported instances of keloid formation following cosmetic (nonburn) eyelid procedures in the existing literature. Hypertrophic scar formation is minimally reported. The absence of keloid scar formation on the eyelid is critical knowledge for surgeons when educating patients about maladaptive scarring risks following eyelid procedures.

Level of Evidence: 4
Classics and the politics of Africanization in Ghana
Authors: Okyere Asante Michael K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During the early years following Ghana’s political independence from British rule, calls were made for university education to have ‘an African character’. As a field steeped in Eurocentric narratives, how did the Classics survive, and how did classicists respond to the politics of Africanization? This paper draws on the political contexts under which secondary and tertiary education in Ghana underwent reforms to discuss the threats and challenges these reforms posed to the sustenance of the field of Classics, and the decolonization strategies classicists adopted during the calls for Africanization in university education. The paper suggests that the idea of ‘world civilization’ which does not consider one civilization as superior over another cemented decolonization efforts in the early post-independent era, and helped classicists meet the conditions of ‘relevance’ in the African context through comparative studies. Current attempts at decolonizing Classics in Africa would benefit from these strategies if applied to both research and curriculum development.
The Glycan Structure Dictionary—a dictionary describing commonly used glycan structure terms
Authors: Vora Jeet , Navelkar Rahi , Vijay-Shanker K , Edwards Nathan , Martinez Karina , Ding Xiying , Wang Tianyi , Su Peng , Ross Karen , Lisacek Frederique , Hayes Catherine , Kahsay Robel , Ranzinger Rene , Tiemeyer Michael , Mazumder Raja 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recent technological advances in glycobiology have resulted in a large influx of data and the publication of many papers describing discoveries in glycoscience. However, the terms used in describing glycan structural features are not standardized, making it difficult to harmonize data across biomolecular databases, hampering the harvesting of information across studies and hindering text mining and curation efforts. To address this shortcoming, the Glycan Structure Dictionary has been developed as a reference dictionary to provide a standardized list of widely used glycan terms that can help in the curation and mapping of glycan structures described in publications. Currently, the dictionary has 190 glycan structure terms with 297 synonyms linked to 3,332 publications. For a term to be included in the dictionary, it must be present in at least 2 peer-reviewed publications. Synonyms, annotations, and cross-references to GlyTouCan, GlycoMotif, and other relevant databases and resources are also provided when available. The purpose of this effort is to facilitate biocuration, assist in the development of text mining tools, improve the harmonization of search, and browse capabilities in glycoinformatics resources and help to map glycan structures to function and disease. It is also expected that authors will use these terms to describe glycan structures in their manuscripts over time. A mechanism is also provided for researchers to submit terms for potential incorporation. The dictionary is available at https://wiki.glygen.org/Glycan_structure_dictionary.
The economic production quantity model with optimal single sampling inspection
Authors: Nakhaeinejad Mahdi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper derives an inspection policy for an economic production quantity (EPQ) model under the assumption that a process may produce non-conforming (NC) items. In various stages of a production process, a department receiving an order uses a single sampling inspection policy to detect NC items. Under such a policy, a lot is accepted if the number of NC items in the inspected sample is equal to or less than the acceptance number. The proposed model considers both EPQ- and quality-related costs. Moreover, economic production order quantity, sample size and acceptance number are considered decision variables. A numerical example is presented, and a set of sensitivity analysis are provided to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results reveal that when the inspection cost is high, the classical EPQ model achieves a lower expected total cost for the production system compared with the EPQ model with the inspection. In contrast, when the NC cost is high, the EPQ model with the inspection policy outperforms the classical EPQ model, which can significantly decrease the expected total cost.
Detection and diversity of human enteroviruses from domestic sewage in Weishan Lake region, eastern China, 2018–2019
Authors: Huang Rongrong , Lin Xiaojuan , Chen Peng , Ji Feng , Liu Yao , Wang Suting , Chen Meng , Song Ke , Tao Zexin , Xu Aiqiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsNext generation sequencing (NGS) technology has been widely used in monitoring and identifying microbiomes in sewage. We aimed to evaluate the ability of NGS analysis in directly detecting enterovirus (EV) in sewage and to understand the diversity of EVs circulated in the residents in Weishan Lake region.Methods and resultsFourteen sewage samples were collected in Jining, Shandong Province, China from 2018 to 2019 and were parallelly investigated by the P1 amplicon-based NGS method and cell culture method. The results showed that 20 different serotypes belonging to species Enterovirus A (EV-A) (n = 5), EV-B (n = 13), and EV-C (n = 2) were identified by NGS in the sewage concentrates, which exceeded the number of types detected by cell culture method (n = 9). Echovirus 11 (E11), Coxsackievirus (CV) B5 and CVA9 were the most detected types in those sewage concentrates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that E11 sequences obtained in this study belonged to genogroup D5 and had close genetic relationship with clinical sequences.ConclusionsVarious EV serotypes circulated in populations near Weishan Lake. The combination of NGS technology into environmental surveillance will greatly contribute to improving our knowledge about EV circulation patterns in the population.
Inequities of race, place, and gender among the communication citation elite, 2000–2019
Authors: Freelon Deen , Pruden Meredith L , Eddy Kirsten A , Kuo Rachel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A recent wave of studies has focused on the identities of communication scholars, quantifying the degree to which Whites, men, and Americans dominate the discipline.This study analyzes the communication citation elite (CCE)—a group of 1,675 highly cited scholars in communication research—in terms of race, gender, and country of employment over 20 years. Applying computational methods and content analysis, we find that 91.5% of first-author CCE members are White, 74.3% are men, and 78.6% work in the United States. Longitudinal analyses of each identity category reveal only minor shifts, most prominently slight gains for women and non-U.S. scholars. White representation among first authors decreased less than 4 percentage points over the study period (from 95.1% to 91.2%), with Black representation ending lower than it began (0.61% to 0.54%). Data from the International Communication Association indicate that the CCE is substantially more American and male than the organization’s full membership as of 2021.
The miniJPAS survey quasar selection – II. Machine learning classification with photometric measurements and uncertainties
Authors: Rodrigues Natália V N , Raul Abramo L , Queiroz Carolina , Martínez-Solaeche Ginés , Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Bonoli Silvia , Chaves-Montero Jonás , Pieri Matthew M , González Delgado Rosa M , Morrison Sean S , Marra Valerio , Márquez Isabel , Hernán-Caballero A , Díaz-García L A , Benítez Narciso , Cenarro A Javier , Dupke Renato A , Ederoclite Alessandro , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Marín-Franch Antonio , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia , Moles Mariano , Sodré Laerte , Varela Jesús , Vázquez Ramió Héctor , Taylor Keith 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAstrophysical surveys rely heavily on the classification of sources as stars, galaxies, or quasars from multiband photometry. Surveys in narrow-band filters allow for greater discriminatory power, but the variety of different types and redshifts of the objects present a challenge to standard template-based methods. In this work, which is part of a larger effort that aims at building a catalogue of quasars from the miniJPAS survey, we present a machine learning-based method that employs convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify point-like sources including the information in the measurement errors. We validate our methods using data from the miniJPAS survey, a proof-of-concept project of the Javalambre Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) collaboration covering ∼1 deg2 of the northern sky using the 56 narrow-band filters of the J-PAS survey. Due to the scarcity of real data, we trained our algorithms using mocks that were purpose-built to reproduce the distributions of different types of objects that we expect to find in the miniJPAS survey, as well as the properties of the real observations in terms of signal and noise. We compare the performance of the CNNs with other well-established machine learning classification methods based on decision trees, finding that the CNNs improve the classification when the measurement errors are provided as inputs. The predicted distribution of objects in miniJPAS is consistent with the putative luminosity functions of stars, quasars, and unresolved galaxies. Our results are a proof of concept for the idea that the J-PAS survey will be able to detect unprecedented numbers of quasars with high confidence.