bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving compliance with guidelines may lead to favorable clinical outcomes for patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Sato Takuma , Sano Takeshi , Kawamura Sadafumi , Ikeda Yoshihiro , Orikasa Kazuhiko , Tanaka Takaki , Kyan Atsushi , Ota Shozo , Tokuyama Satoru , Saito Hideo , Mitsuzuka Koji , Yamashita Shinichi , Arai Yoichi , Kobayashi Takashi , Ito Akihiro 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesClinical guidelines recommend that patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) should be treated with appropriate adjuvant therapy. However, compliance with guideline recommendations is insufficient, and this may lead to unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to investigate the level of adherence to guideline recommendations in patients with NMIBC and evaluate the outcomes of those who did and did not receive guideline‐recommended therapies.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with histologically diagnosed NMIBC. The percentage of patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk tumors who received adjuvant intravesical therapy or second transurethral resection (TUR) was calculated. Recurrence‐free survival was assessed in patients who did and did not receive the therapies. We conducted a propensity score‐matched analysis to compare outcomes between patients with intermediate‐risk and T1 NMIBC who did and did not undergo guideline‐recommended therapies.ResultsOverall, 1204 patients from the Tohoku Urological Evidence‐Based Medicine Study Group and Kyoto University Hospital were included. Of patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk tumors, 91.0% and 74.0% did not receive maintenance bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), respectively. In both groups, significantly better recurrence‐free survival was found for patients treated with maintenance BCG. Among patients with T1 NMIBC, only 16.7% underwent guideline‐recommended therapies, that is, a second TUR and maintenance BCG. Significantly greater recurrence‐free survival was observed in patients who received guideline‐recommended therapies compared with propensity‐matched patients who did not.ConclusionsGuideline‐recommended therapies may contribute to improvements in outcomes for patients with NMIBC, suggesting that improvements in adherence to clinical guidelines may lead to favorable outcomes.
Provision of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion to type 1 diabetes ‘frequent flyers’
Authors: Amato Lisa A. , Kalolo Romana , Yu William , Simmons David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA few people with type 1 diabetes undergo multiple hospital admissions for acute glycaemic events. We report on a series of five such ‘frequent flyers’ who were provided with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy. Mean HbA1c decreased from 9.7 ± 2.5% (83 ± 27 mmol/mol) to 7.9 ± 0.4% (63 ± 4.7 mmol/mol) after 2–4 months. Frequency of admissions for acute glycaemic events reduced in three but increased in two patients within 6 months. Total insulin dose and body mass index decreased in some patients and satisfaction was anecdotally higher. Some, but not all, ‘frequent flyers’ benefited from a trial of CSII.
The problem with resilience
Authors: Fisher Jane , Jones Emma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe term ‘resilience’ has become a fashionable buzzword infiltrating mental health services globally. This latest ad nauseam has become both an irritation and insult to service users and mental health professionals alike. We argue resilience is a flawed Western theory of suffering aligned with neoliberal ideology. It is a double‐edged sword indiscriminately yielded at both service users and staff. This paper examines the origins and evolution of resilience, and how mental health services have morphed resilience into a meaningless slogan, causing iatrogenic harm. We call for mental health professionals to consider their use of language and the intended or unintentional meaning behind their choice of words.
Role and molecular mechanism of ghrelin in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Sun Jianfeng , Tan Yibo , Su Jingyue , Mikhail Herasimenka , Pavel Volotovski , Deng Zhenhan , Li Yusheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGhrelin is a brain‐gut peptide, and the first 28‐peptide that was found in the gastric mucosa. It has a growth hormone (GH)‐releasing hormone‐like effect and can potently promote the release of GH from pituitary GH cells; however, it is unable to stimulate GH synthesis. Therefore, ghrelin is believed to play a role in promoting bone growth and development. The correlation between ghrelin and some degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system has been reported recently, and ghrelin may be one of the factors influencing degenerative pathologies, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia and intervertebral disc degeneration. With population ageing, the risk of health problems caused by degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system gradually increases. In this article, the roles of ghrelin in musculoskeletal disorders are summarized to reveal the potential effects of ghrelin as a key target in the treatment of related bone and muscle diseases and the need for further research.
Universities in inclusive regional innovation systems: Academic engagement and uneven knowledge use in Brazil
Authors: Rapini Marcia Siqueira , Chiarini Tulio , Stein Alexandre de Queiroz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to spatially and regionally examine academic engagement within Brazil, identifying patterns. Moreover, our investigation can contribute to a better understanding of how knowledge can be turned into a tool to fight regional inequality. We depart from two hypotheses: first, universities situated in peripheral regions interact more with companies from relatively more dynamic regions, and second, in the absence of industrial knowledge demand, universities tend to collaborate more closely with a diverse range of stakeholders in the region. To evaluate these hypotheses and find empirical evidence, we consider 4497 research groups and 4603 nonacademic organizations as “nodes” connected by 8830 collaborations throughout all Brazilian regions. Social network tools are used to illustrate the spatial and regional dimensions of academic engagement more accurately. The results show that academic engagement is not regionally homogeneous, demonstrating essential differences regarding local nonacademic partnerships. Innovation policies, which encourage only university–firm interactions, perpetuate regional inequality.
External validation of a United Kingdom primary‐care Cushing's prediction tool in a population of referred Dutch dogs
Authors: Ruijter Bart Eduardus Wilhelmus , Bik Céline Anne , Schofield Imogen , Niessen Stijn Johannes Maria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundA prediction tool was developed and internally validated to aid the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in dogs attending UK primary‐care practices. External validation is an important part of model validation to assess model performance when used in different populations.ObjectivesTo assess the original prediction model's transportability, applicability, and diagnostic performance in a secondary‐care practice in the Netherlands.AnimalsTwo hundred thirty client‐owned dogs.MethodsRetrospective observational study. Medical records of dogs under investigation of Cushing's syndrome between 2011 and 2020 were reviewed. Dogs diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome by the attending internists and fulfilling ALIVE criteria were defined as cases, others as non‐cases. All dogs were scored using the aforementioned prediction tool. Dog characteristics and predictor‐outcome effects in development and validation data sets were compared to assess model transportability. Calibration and discrimination were examined to assess model performance.ResultsEighty of 230 dogs were defined as cases. Significant differences in dog characteristics were found between UK primary‐care and Dutch secondary‐care populations. Not all predictors from the original model were confirmed to be significant predictors in the validation sample. The model systematically overestimated the probability of having Cushing's syndrome (a = −1.10, P < .001). Calibration slope was 1.35 and discrimination proved excellent (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.83).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe prediction model had moderate transportability, excellent discriminatory ability, and overall overestimated probability of having Cushing's syndrome. This study confirms its utility, though emphasizes that ongoing validation efforts of disease prediction tools are a worthwhile effort.
Molar‐incisor‐malformation in a paediatric cancer patient: Case report
Authors: Tosiou Athina , Mastrokalou Andriana , Prasad Hari S. , Tosios Konstantinos I. , Koutlas Ioannis G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo report a case of molar‐incisor‐malformation (MIM) in a 7‐year‐old boy with a history of congenital infantile fibrosarcoma of the upper chest, which was surgically treated, without adjuvant radio/chemotherapy.Material and MethodsThe boy presented with mobility and pain on percussion of the permanent mandibular first molars. The radiographic features were suggestive of MIM. Both teeth were extracted and processed for conventional light microscopic examination and non‐decalcified ground sections.ResultsThe microscopic features confirmed the diagnosis of MIM. Regular follow‐up was recommended.ConclusionsMedical interventions during hospitalization for cancer treatment, other than chemo/radiotherapy, may cause MIM by adversely affecting the function of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Regular dental screening in paediatric cancer patients may reveal more MIM cases and help in elucidating its pathogenesis.
Acute pacing threshold elevation during simultaneous Micra leadless pacemaker implantation and AV node ablation: Clinical cases, computer model and practical recommendations
Authors: Racine Hugo‐Pierre , Dognin Nicolas , Zhao Yanzhu , Plourde Benoit , Steinberg Christian , Whitman Teresa , Philippon François 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with refractory atrial fibrillation (AF), atrioventricular nodal (AVN) ablation and permanent pacemaker implantation is recommended. The Micra Transcatheter Pacing System (Micra) is a single chamber leadless pacemaker (LPM) and thus offers the possibility of AV node (AVN) ablation in the same procedure. Pacing threshold (PT) elevation after radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a potential complication.MethodsWe conducted a single center retrospective cohort study. Patients implanted with a Micra (n = 84) and concomitant or delayed AVN ablation (n = 12) from 2014 to 2022 were included. Two cases of acute Micra PT elevation immediately following RF AVN ablation required device retrieval and implantation of a new Micra. Procedural characteristics and electrophysiological parameters were analyzed, and a computer model was performed to determine factors responsible for acute PT elevations.ResultsA total of 84 patients were included. Mean age was 74 ± 10 and 48% were women. Twelve patients (14%) underwent AVN ablation. Two patients had acute PT elevation requiring device retrieval despite no direct contact of the ablation catheter with the Micra. Computer modeling shows that significant dissipated power due to electrical field coupling can occur at the tip or ring electrode if the catheter is not kept at a safe distance (≥35 mm) from the Micra when a maximum power of 100 W is delivered.ConclusionConcurrent AVN ablation and Micra implantation is safe in most patients. To prevent acute PT elevation, keeping a safe distance of ≥35 mm from the tip and ring electrodes of the Micra and using lower power output may prevent this complication.
A streak through history: Solving the riddle of chlorotic streak disease of sugarcane
Authors: Earsman Ruby G. , Young Anthony J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUntil recently, the identity of the pathogen of chlorotic streak disease (CSD) was one of the most enduring mysteries of sugarcane pathology. The mystery continued when the causal agent was revealed as a member of a large group of free‐living eukaryotic microbes that had not previously been associated with any plant diseases. CSD has impacted worldwide sugarcane production since at least the 1920s when it was first noticed simultaneously in Java, Australia and Hawaii. Readily identified by irregular, yellow to creamy‐white chlorotic streaks on the leaves, the identity of the pathogen remained unknown for 90 years. CSD negatively affects germination speed, ratooning, stalk numbers and stalk weight, and later causes stunting of crop growth, leading to major losses in sugar production. Prior to the discovery of the pathogen, CSD was found to be waterborne and spread by infected vegetative propagation material. As such it is particularly damaging in poorly drained soils and areas subject to high rainfall. In severe cases it can lead to crop death. The implementation of successful CSD management strategies has been limited by the lack of knowledge surrounding the nature of this disease. However, these strategies are likely to be augmented with the recent identification of the causal agent, a novel cercozoan described as Phytocercomonas venanatans. This review provides insight into the history, causal agent and potential future developments of CSD management strategies.
Catalases mediate tobacco resistance to virus infection through crosstalk between salicylic acid and auxin signaling pathways
Authors: Huang Wanying , Jiao Bolei , Ji Chenglong , Peng Qiding , Zhou Jingya , Yang Yiting , Xi Dehui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCatalases (CATs) play important roles in plant growth, development and defense responses. Previous studies have shown that CATs exhibit different or even opposite effects on plant immunity in different plant–pathogen interactions, but little is known about the mechanisms. In this study, Nicotiana tabacum plants with overexpression or knockout of CAT genes, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were employed to investigate the role of CAT in compatible plant–virus interactions. The results showed that there were dynamic changes in the effect of CAT on N. tabacum defense responses. Overexpression of catalase 1 (CAT1) and catalase 3 (CAT3) improved N. tabacum resistance in the early stage of virus infection but depressed it during the late stages of pathogenesis, especially in CAT3 overexpressing plants. The lower level of electrolyte leakage, lower contents of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and improved functions of photosystem II corresponded to the milder symptoms and higher resistance of infected tobacco plants. In addition, the infection of TMV and CMV resulted in expression changes of CATs in tobacco plants, and pretreatment with H2O2 facilitated TMV and CMV infection. Further experiments showed that the content of salicylic acid (SA) and the expression of genes related to SA signaling pathway were positively correlated with plant resistance, whereas auxin and its related signaling pathway were related to the viral susceptibility of plants. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CAT1 and CAT3 mediated tobacco resistance to virus infection through crosstalk between SA and auxin signaling pathways.
Electroencephalography spectral coherence analysis during cycle ergometry in low‐ and high‐tolerant individuals
Authors: Bigliassi Marcelo , Cabral Danylo F. , Kotler Steven , Mannino Michael , Mavrantza Angeliki M. , Oparina Ekaterina , Gomes‐Osman Joyce 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to further understanding of the patterns of spectral connectivity during exercise in low‐ and high‐tolerant individuals. Thirty‐nine healthy individuals (i.e., 17 low‐ and 22 high‐tolerant participants) took part in the present study. A state‐of‐the‐art portable electroencephalography system was used to measure the brain's electrical activity during an incremental exercise test performed until the point of volitional exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Spectral coherence was used to explore the patterns of connectivity in the frontal, central, and parietal regions of the brain. Physiological, perceptual, and affective responses were assessed throughout the exercise bout. The spontaneous eyeblink rate was also calculated prior to commencement and upon completion of the exercise trial as an indirect assessment of the dopaminergic system. The present findings indicate that high‐tolerant individuals reported lower levels of perceived activation, especially during the preliminary stages of the exercise test. Participants in the high‐tolerance group also reported greater levels of remembered pleasure upon completion of the exercise test. The data also revealed that high‐tolerant individuals exhibited increased connectivity of theta waves between frontal, central, and parietal electrode sites and increased connectivity of beta waves, primarily within the parietal cortex. Correlational analysis indicated the possibility that low‐ and high‐tolerant individuals make use of different neural networks to process and regulate their psychophysiological state during exercise‐related situations. This strategy could potentially represent a conscious decision to downregulate affective arousal and facilitate the neural control of working muscles during situations of physical stress.
China and the global water conventions in light of recent developments: Time to take a second look?
Authors: Devlaeminck David J. , Huang Xisheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChina is an important yet often misunderstood upstream neighbour on many transboundary watercourses. In 1997, after participating in the drafting process of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non‐navigational Uses of International Watercourses, China, along with Burundi and Turkey, voted against the Convention. Since that time, however, both China’s practice and the law of international watercourses have evolved. In explanation of its vote, China provided four reasons including a lack of general agreement, that the Convention did not recognize sovereignty, that select provisions were imbalanced and disagreement regarding mandatory dispute settlement mechanisms. This article aims to revisit these reasons in light of recent developments and our current understanding of Chinese practice and international water law, asking the question: is it time for China to take a second look? Although China’s vote concerned the Watercourses Convention, given their complementarity, this article will discuss these reasons in relation to both global water conventions, the 1997 Watercourses Convention and the 1992 Water Convention.
Support for young farmers in the European Union: How much discretion for Member States?
Authors: Gall Anna Florentine , Bader Clara Lina , Alblas Edwin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenerational renewal is at the heart of the European Union's (EU) agricultural priorities embedded in the Green Deal and Farm to Fark Strategy, since young farmers not only play a vital role in ensuring the competitiveness of European agriculture but also have significant potential in transitioning towards a sustainable agri‐food system. However, the number of young farmers across the EU has been rapidly decreasing over time. To address this issue and enable better access of young people to the farming profession, the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) lays down various mechanisms to support young farmers. In case C‐119/20, the Court of Justice of the EU took important steps to clarify the exact degree of discretion for Member States in terms of these support schemes, specifically on the definition of a ‘young farmer’, as well as the possibility to accumulate different types of financial support under the CAP. This case note presents the reasoning behind the Court's judgement, before discussing the judgements' impact on young (female) farmers in light of the goal of fostering generational renewal in rural areas and a transformation towards a sustainable agri‐food system. We conclude that the Court's decision might threaten to meet the goal of generational renewal, along with associated sustainability goals.
The ‘White Male Effect’ in perceptions of risk of dying from COVID‐19
Authors: Luo Ekim , Schnall Simone 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic people had to gauge their personal health risks in order to decide which protective behaviors to adopt. We explored whether mortality risk perceptions varied by demographic background. Using data from a nationally representative U.S. survey, we analyzed bi‐weekly mortality estimates of 8339 individuals from 1 April 2020 to 21 July 2021. Consistent with a White Male Effect, White men estimated the risk of death to be lower than White women, non‐White men, and non‐White women. Furthermore, when linking those estimates to the actual risk of dying from COVID‐19, as reflected in official fatality rates recorded by the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), White men were indeed less likely to die from the coronavirus than would be expected based on their proportion of the populations. In contrast, deaths in non‐White men and non‐White women were higher than would be expected. Thus, subjective risk perceptions tracked objective mortality risks. Because White men tend to disproportionally hold positions with high decision‐making power, although biased risk estimates may be less likely to have negative consequences for themselves, they may be especially detrimental to those for whom such decisions are made.