bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of guar gum and conventional binders based fire‐extinguishing aerosol‐forming composites
Authors: Dobhal Satya Prakash , Pathak Tribhuvan Kumar , Sharma Vandana , Singh Raj Pal , Singh Santosh Kumar , Jassal Pyar Singh , Johar Rajni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPyrotechnic‐based firefighting systems have been found to be effective in a wide variety of firefighting applications. Binders in pyrotechnic mixtures play a significant role as they consolidate the ingredients, provide excellent mechanical strength and increase the storage life. The rise in health and environmental safety concerns in recent years has directed our research towards natural binder systems of biological origins. Therefore, in this work, galactomannan, also called guar gum, was comparatively investigated against four different types of conventional binders, phenol–formaldehyde resin, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, which are being used in aerosol‐forming pyrotechnic mixtures for firefighting application. It was found that the nature of the binder in an amount of 3% by weight significantly influences the combustion behaviour, fire suppression performance, mechanical and thermal characteristics of gallic acid–KNO3–KClO3 tertiary aerosol‐forming pyrotechnic mixture for fire fighting application. The safety and performance characteristics of these formulations were evaluated by conducting analyses specific to pyrotechnic formulations, that is, burn rate measurement, heat of combustion, TGA/DSC thermal analysis, hygroscopic study, compression test and n‐heptane pool fire suppression test. It can be inferred from the values obtained from these analyses that guar gum is a preferred binder to the other four‐binder systems for the gallic acid–KNO3–KClO3 pyrotechnic mixture.
From local properties to brain‐wide organization: A review of intraregional temporal features in functional magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Wang Bolong , Chen Yaojing , Chen Kewei , Lu Hui , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBased on the fluctuations ensembled over neighbouring neurons, blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal is a mesoscale measurement of brain signals. Intraregional temporal features (IRTFs) of BOLD signal, extracted from regional neural activities, are utilized to investigate how the brain functions in local brain areas. This literature highlights four types of IRTFs and their representative calculations including variability in the temporal domain, variability in the frequency domain, entropy, and intrinsic neural timescales, which are tightly related to cognitions. In the brain‐wide spatial organization, these brain features generally organized into two spatial hierarchies, reflecting structural constraints of regional dynamics and hierarchical functional processing workflow in brain. Meanwhile, the spatial organization gives rise to the link between neuronal properties and cognitive performance. Disrupted or unbalanced spatial conditions of IRTFs emerge with suboptimal cognitive states, which improved our understanding of the aging process and/or neuropathology of brain disease. This review concludes that IRTFs are important properties of the brain functional system and IRTFs should be considered in a brain‐wide manner.
Threat‐induced anxiety and selfishness in resource sharing: Behavioral and neural evidence
Authors: Cui Fang , Huang Xiaoxuan , Liu Jie , Luo Yue‐Jia , Gu Ruolei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn real life, it is not unusual that we face potential threats (i.e., physical stimuli and environments that may cause harm or danger) with other individuals together, yet it remains largely unknown how threat‐induced anxious feelings influence prosocial behaviors such as resource sharing. In this study, we investigated this question by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging and a novel paradigm. Together with an anonymous partner, each participant faced the possibility of receiving a 10‐s noise administration, which had a low or high probability to be a threat (i.e., the intensity of noise can induce a high level of unpleasantness). Each participant first reported her/his immediate feeling of anxiety about the current situation (being threatened by the unpleasant noise), then decided how to split a number of resources (which could relieve the noise) between her/him and the partner. Behavioral results revealed that the participants showed a selfish bias in the threat conditions than in the safe conditions, and that self‐reported anxiety feeling significantly predicted this bias. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results revealed that: (1) the activation level of the anterior insula was correlated with self‐reported anxiety and (2) the connectivity between the anterior insula and the temporoparietal junction was sensitive to the modulating effect of anxiety on the selfish bias. These findings indicate the neural correlates of the association between threat‐induced anxiety and prosocial tendencies in social interactions.
Wither or not the academic public intellectual across the spectrum of U.S. colleges and universities
Authors: Marsicano Christopher R. , Braxton John M. , Francis Abigail , Sheldon Drew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe academic literature on public intellectuals would argue that the days of scholars playing the role of public intellectuals are long behind us, and that the role is in decline. This chapter examines the extent to which that may or may not be the case. It defines what it means to be a public intellectual, catalogues the literature related to the thesis that public intellectuals are in decline, discusses data about the prevalence of faculty who exhibit behaviors consistent with public intellectualism and how this varies by institutional type, and then discusses whether public intellectuals are a dying breed across all of American higher education, or just in a few institutional contexts, and then determines possible reasons for the decline in public intellectualism.
A phase 1b study of venetoclax and alvocidib in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jonas Brian A. , Hou Jing‐Zhou , Roboz Gail J. , Alvares Caroline L. , Jeyakumar Deepa , Edwards John R. , Erba Harry P. , Kelly Richard J. , Röllig Christoph , Fiedler Walter , Brackman Deanna , Siddani Satya R. , Chyla Brenda , Hilger‐Rolfe Jacqueline , Watts Justin M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRelapsed/refractory (R/R) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic combinations to overcome drug resistance in AML. This open‐label, multicenter, international, phase 1b study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of venetoclax in combination with alvocidib in patients with R/R AML. Patients were treated with escalating doses of venetoclax (400, 600, and 800 mg QD, orally, days 1–28) and alvocidib (45 and 60 mg/m2, intravenously, days 1–3) in 28‐day cycles. The combination was found to be safe and tolerable, with no maximum tolerated dose reached. Drug‐related Grade ≥3 adverse events were reported in 23 (65.7%) for venetoclax and 24 (68.6%) for alvocidib. No drug‐related AEs were fatal. Gastrointestinal toxicities, including diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting were notable and frequent; otherwise, the toxicities reported were consistent with the safety profile of both agents. The response rate was modest (complete remission [CR] + incomplete CR [CRi], 11.4%; CR + CRi + partial response rate + morphologic leukemia‐free state, 20%). There was no change in alvocidib pharmacokinetics with increasing doses of venetoclax. However, when venetoclax was administered with alvocidib, AUC24 and Cmax decreased by 18% and 19%, respectively. A recommended phase 2 dose was not established due to lack of meaningful increase in efficacy across all cohorts compared to what was previously observed with each agent alone. Future studies could consider the role of the sequence, dosing, and the use of a more selective MCL1 inhibitor for the R/R AML population.
Persistent chemostatic behaviour of stream solutes in a northern hardwood forest under climatic and atmospheric deposition changes
Authors: McPhail S. , Buttle J. M. , Webster K. L. , Leach J. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConcentration – discharge (C – Q) relationships in streamflow can serve a variety of purposes, including elucidating catchment water sources, quantifying chemical weathering, and estimating solute fluxes. Four main C – Q relationships have been identified: dilution (decreasing C with increasing Q), flushing (increasing C with increasing Q), chemostatic (little or no change in C with increasing Q) and chemostochastic (great variation in C relative to that of Q) behaviour. We used a 40‐year data record for 10 headwater forested catchments in central Ontario, Canada, to examine C – Q relationships for a range of geogenic, exogenic and bioactive solutes. The thin overburden cover of this landscape and general absence of deep groundwater contributions to streamflow suggest that streamflow solute concentrations and their relationship with discharge would be sensitive to pronounced changes in climate and atmospheric deposition chemistry over the monitoring period. We explored the temporal and spatial stability of C – Q relationships in response to these changes at annual and seasonal timescales for relatively wet and dry conditions and for periods with relatively high and low atmospheric deposition. Chemostasis dominated C – Q relationships at the annual and seasonal scales for geogenic (e.g., SiO2) and exogenic (e.g., Cl−) solutes, although bioactive solutes (e.g., NO3−, NH4+) exhibited non‐chemostatic behaviour for some catchments, time periods and wetness conditions. C – Q relationships derived at the annual timescale often masked pronounced seasonal shifts in bioactive solute concentration response to changes in streamflow and provide only partial insight into the production and delivery of such solutes in this forest landscape. Relatively subtle changes in overburden thickness across this landscape appeared to explain some of the deviations from widespread chemostasis. Nevertheless, this general chemostatic behaviour was largely temporally stable across catchments and solutes, highlighting its resilience in the face of such non‐stationary influences as climate conditions and atmospheric deposition.
Watershed science: Coupling hydrological science and water resources management
Authors: He Chansheng , Harden Carol P. , Holden Joseph , Mdee Anna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile there have been advancements in hydrological science and water resources management, the world continues to face a water‐supply crisis. In light of studies that report the missing links to be (i) effective collaborations between researchers and practitioners and (ii) interdisciplinary working, we promote the benefits of Watershed Science to address these gaps. Watershed Science incorporates basin hydrology, determines water resource thresholds, promotes water governance that forms partnerships between institutions, and enacts participatory decision making in water resources management. However, such partnerships must recognize the differential power and interests of different actors to ensure that outcomes are not skewed in favour of particular interests. It adds value to existing water management programs and has great potential for bringing disciplines and decision making together to address the global water crisis.
Qualitative and quantitative measures of joint attention development in the first year of life: A scoping review
Authors: Bradley Holly , Smith Beth A. , Wilson Rujuta B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractJoint attention (JA) is the purposeful coordination of an individual's focus of attention with that of another and begins to develop within the first year of life. Delayed, or atypically developing, JA is an early behavioural sign of many developmental disabilities and so assessing JA in infancy can improve our understanding of trajectories of typical and atypical development. This scoping review identified the most common methods for assessing JA in the first year of life. Methods of JA were divided into qualitative and quantitative categories. Out of an identified 13,898 articles, 106 were selected after a robust search of four databases. Frequent methods used were eye‐tracking, electroencephalography, behavioural coding, and the Early Social Communication Scale (ECSC). These methods were used to assess JA in typically and atypically developing infants in the first year of life. This study provides a comprehensive review of the past and current state of measurement of JA in the literature, the strengths and limitations of the measures used, and the next steps to consider for researchers interested in investigating JA to strengthen this field going forwards.
China special issue on gastrointestinal tumors‐Regulatory‐immunoscore—A novel indicator to guide precision adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Fang Lin , Yao Yang , Guan Xin , Liao Yuanyu , Wang Bojun , Cui Luying , Han Shuling , Zou Haoyi , Su Dan , Ma Yue , Liu Biao , Wang Yao , Huang Rui , Ruan Yuli , Yu Xuefan , Yao Yuanfei , Liu Chao , Zhang Yanqiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNovel biomarkers are essential to improve the treatment efficacy and overall survival of stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC), allowing for personalized treatment decisions. Here, the densities of CD8+ and FOXP3+ T cells in the tumor and invasive margin were processed by immunohistochemistry and digital pathology to form a scoring system named regulatory‐Immunoscore (RIS). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the risk factors associated with time to recurrence. Harrell's concordance index and the time‐dependent area under the curve were used to assess model performance. A total of 1213 stage I‐III DNA mismatch repair‐proficient colorectal cancer (pMMR CRC) patients were randomly assigned to a training set (n = 642) and a validation set (n = 571). From the Cox multivariable analysis, the association of RIS with survival was independent of patient age, sex and anatomy‐based tumor risk parameters (P < .0001). For stage II patients, chemotherapy was significantly associated with better recurrence time in patients with low (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11‐0.54, P = .001) and intermediate (95% CI = 0.25‐0.57, P < .001) RIS values. In stage III patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, a treatment duration of 6 or more months was significantly associated with better recurrence time in patients with intermediate RIS values (95% CI = 0.38‐0.90, P = .016) when compared with duration under 6 months. Therefore, these findings suggest that RIS is reliable for predicting recurrence risk and treatment responsiveness for patients with stage I‐III pMMR CRC.
Probing the Internalization and Efficacy of Antibody‐Drug Conjugate via Site‐Specific Fc‐Glycan Labelling of a Homogeneous Antibody Targeting SSEA‐4 Bearing Tumors
Authors: Shivatare Vidya S , Huang Han‐Wen , Tseng Tzu‐Hao , Chuang Po‐Kai , Zeng Yi‐Fang , Wong Chi‐Huey 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAntibody drug conjugates (ADC) are an emerging class of pharmaceuticals consisting of cytotoxic agents covalently attached to an antibody designed to target a specific cancer cell surface molecule followed by internalization and intracellular release of payload to exhibit its anticancer activity. Targeted delivery of cytotoxic payload to a variety of specific cells has been demonstrated to have significant enhancement in clinical efficacy and dramatic reduction in off‐target toxicity. Site‐specific conjugation of payload to the antibody is highly desirable for development of ADC with well‐defined antibody‐to‐drug ratio, enhanced internalization, reduced toxicity, improved stability, desired pharmacological profile and optimal therapeutic index. Here, we reported a site‐specific conjugation strategy for evaluation of antibody internalization and efficacy of ADC designed to target SSEA4 on solid tumors. This strategy stems from the azido‐fucose tag of a homogeneous antibody Fc‐glycan generated via in vitro glycoengineering approach for site‐specific conjugation and optimization of antibody‐drug ratio to exhibit optimal efficacy. The ADC consisting of a chimeric anti‐SSEA4 antibody chMC813‐70, conjugated to the antineoplastic agent monomethyl auristatin E via both cleavable and non‐cleavable linkers showed excellent cytotoxicity profile towards SSEA4‐bearing cancer cells. A clear distinction in cytotoxicity was observed among cancer cells with different SSEA4 expression levels.
Few‐shot learning for dermatological conditions with Lesion Area Aware Swin Transformer
Authors: Ren Yonggong , Xu Wenqiang , Mao Yuanxin , Wu Yuechu , Fu Bo , Thanh Dang N. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSkin is the largest organ of the human body and participates in the functional activities of the human body all the time. Therefore, human beings have a large risk of getting skin diseases. The diseased skin lesion image shows visually different characteristics from the normal skin image, and sometimes unusual skin color may indicate human viscera or autoimmune issues. However, the current recognition and classification of dermatological conditions still rely on expert visual diagnosis rather than a visual algorithm. This is because there are many kinds of lesion features of skin diseases, and the lesion accounts for a small proportion of the skin image, so it is difficult to learn the required lesion features; meanwhile, some dermatology images have too few samples to deal with the problem of small samples. In view of the above limitations, we propose a model named Lesion Area Aware Shifted windows Transformer for dermatological conditions classification rely on the powerful performance and excellent result of Swin transformer recently proposed. For brief notation, we use its abbreviation later. Our main contributions are as follows. First, we modify the Swin transformer and use it in the automatic classification of dermatological conditions. Using the self‐attention mechanism of the transformer, our method can mine more long‐distance correlations between diseased tissue image features. Using its shifting windows, we can fuse local features and global features, so it is possible to get better classification results with a flexible receptive field. Second, we use a skip connection to grasp and reinforce global features from the previous block and use Swin transformer to extract detailed local features, which will excavate and merge global features and local features further. Third, considering Swin transformer is a lightweight model compared with traditional transformers, our model is compact for deployment and more favorable to resource‐strict medical devices.
Improving productivity and water use efficiency by intercropping cactus and millet
Authors: Souza Marcondes de Sá , Araújo Júnior George do Nascimento , Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz , de Souza Carlos André Alves , Pinheiro Antonio Gebson , de Souza Luciana Sandra Bastos , Salvador Kaique Renan da Silva , Leite Renan Matheus Cordeiro , Alves Cleber Pereira , da Silva Thieres George Freire 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe adoption of resilient strategies is crucial for improving agricultural production and optimizing water resources, especially in arid and semi‐arid areas. The aim of this study was to analyse the productivity, evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) in the production systems of forage cactus and millet under different cropping systems. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments corresponded to the cropping systems: single cactus, single millet and a cactus–millet intercrop, with and without mulching. The soil moisture was monitored over time. ET was measured using the soil water balance. WUE was calculated for each cropping system. There was no difference in ET between production systems. WUE was significantly higher in the cactus–millet intercrops, with and without mulching (2.47 and 2.31 kg m−3, respectively). The use of 17.6 Mg ha−1 mulch under both cropping systems did not significantly reduce the ET; however, the gains in productivity afforded by intercropping the cactus and millet increased the WUE of the production system. It is concluded that adoption of the cactus–millet intercropping system can be employed using the same irrigation depth as adopted under the single‐cactus system, with the aim of optimizing water resources in dry areas.
Amitriptyline efficacy in decreasing implant‐induced foreign body reaction
Authors: Scheuermann Karina , Viana Celso Tarso Rodrigues , dos Reis Diego Carlos , de Lazari Marcela Guimarães Takahashi , Orellano Laura Alejandra Ariza , Machado Clara Tolentino , dos Santos Leticia Cristine Cardoso , Ulrich Henning , Capettini Luciano Santos Aggum , Andrade Silvia Passos , Campos Paula Peixoto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBeyond its actions on the nervous system, amitriptyline (AM) has been shown to lower inflammatory, angiogenic, and fibrogenic markers in a few pathological conditions in human and in experimental animal models. However, its effects on foreign body reaction (FBR), a complex adverse healing process, after biomedical material implantation are not known. We have evaluated the effects of AM on the angiogenic and fibrogenic components on a model of implant‐induced FBR. Sponge disks were implanted subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice, that were treated daily with oral administration of AM (5 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days in two protocols: treatment was started on the day of surgery and the implants were removed on the seventh day after implantation and treatment started 7 days after implantation and the implants removed 14 after implantation. None of the angiogenic (vessels, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) or fibrogenic parameters (collagen, TGF‐β, and fibrous capsule) and giant cell numbers analyzed were attenuated by AM in 7‐day‐old implants. However, AM was able to downregulate angiogenesis and FBR in 14‐day‐old implants. The effects of AM described here expands its range of actions as a potential agent capable of attenuating fibroproliferative processes that may impair functionality of implantable devices.
Illuminating the structure–function landscape of an evolutionary nonconserved motif in the arginases of Helicobacter gastric pathogens
Authors: Sarkar Ditsa , Sau Apurba Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe bimetallic enzyme arginase catalyses the conversion of L‐arginine to L‐ornithine and urea. In Helicobacter pylori (a known human gastric pathogen), this enzyme is an important virulence factor. In spite of the conservation of the catalytic and the metal‐binding residues, the H. pylori homolog possesses a 13‐residue motif (–153ESEEKAWQKLCSL165–) present in the middle of the protein sequence, whose role was recently elucidated. Despite several reviews available on arginases, no report has thoroughly illustrated the underlying basis for the importance of the above motif of the H. pylori enzyme in structure and function. In this review, we systematically describe a mechanistic basis for its importance in structure and function based on the known data. This motif of the H. pylori enzyme is present exclusively in the arginases of other Helicobacter gastric pathogens, where the critical residues are conserved, implying that the nonconserved stretch has been selected during the evolution of the enzyme in these gastric pathogens in a specific manner to perform its role in the structure and function. The combined information can be useful for understanding the function of arginases in other Helicobacter gastric pathogens. Additionally, this knowledge can be utilised to screen and design new small molecule inhibitors, specific to the arginases of these pathogens.