bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
منهج أبي علي الفارسيّ (288_377 هـ) في كتابه (المسائل المشكلة المعروفة بالبغداديات)
Authors: هادي زيدان أحمد 
Published: August 2023

تضمَّنَ هذا البحثُ دراسةً لكتابٍ مِنْ كُتُبِ اللغةِ التي لم يَنلْ حظَّهُ مِنَ الاهتمامِ والعنايةِ، على الرغمِ مِنْ كونِ صاحبِهِ عَلَمًا مِنْ أعلامِ الفكر اللغويّ العربيّ في القرنِ الرابعِ الهجريّ، ذلكَ هُوَ كتابُ (المسائل المشكلة المعروفة بالبغداديات)، وصاحِبُهُ هُوَ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدِ الغفّار الفَسَويّ المعروفُ بأبي عَلِي الفارسيّ النحويّ (ت 377 هـ)؛ إذْ وُسِمَ البحثُ بعنوانِ (منهج أبي علي الفارسيّ في كتاب المسائل المشكلة المعروفة بالبغداديات)، واقْتَضَتْ فِقْراتُهُ التوقّفَ عَنْدَ أبرزِ السِّماتِ التي انمازَ بها هذا الكِتابُ، وشكّلتْ ملامِحَهُ وطريقةَ مؤلِّفِهِ فيهِ؛ فَسُلِّطَ الضَّوءُ أولً على حياةِ أبي علي الفارسيّ مِنْ حيثُ الولادةُ، والنشأةُ، والمشايخُ، والمؤلّفاتُ، وغيرُها مِنْ الجوانبِ التي عُرِفَ بِها الرَّجُلُ، وثانيًا على كِتابِهِ (المسائل المشكلة)؛ إذْ وصِفَ الكِتابُ شَكلً وما يتعلّقُ بِهِ مِنْ عددِ الصفحاتِ، وطبعاتِهِ وتحقيقاتِهِ، وما إلى ذلكَ مِمّا انْطوتْ عليهِ أطواؤهُ .
أمّا ثالِثًا فكانَ المحورُ فيه هُوَ (منهجَ) أبي علي في الكِتابِ، وكانَتْ مادتُهُ هِيَ (المصادر)، فَقَدْ كانَ المرجعياتِ التي استندَ إليها الفارسيّ في تأليفِ كتابِهِ؛ فبُيّنَ في هذا (المحور) الأسلوبُ الذي سَلَكَهُ صاحِبُهُ في جَمْعِ لَبِناتِ مؤلَّفِهِ، وإقامةِ أساسِ بنائهِ، إذْ تنوّعتْ تلك المصادرُ فكانَتْ تِباعًا بين آياتٍ قُرآنيّة، وأبياتِ الشِّعر والأرجازِ، والأمثالِ والأقوالِ، والأحاديثِ النبويّة.
وعُرِّجَ بعدَ ذلكَ في هذا البَحثِ على علاقة أبي علي الفارسيّ بأعلامِ اللغةِ والنحو، إذ ذَكَرْتُ طريقتَهُ في الأخذِ مِنْ هذا العَلَمِ أو ذاكَ، ومقدارَ ما أخَذَ مِنْ كُلِّ واحدٍ مِنهم؛ وقد وضَّح ذلكَ بالنِّسَبِ والأرقامِ.
ولمّا كانَتْ مسألتا (السماع) و (القياس) مِنَ المسائلِ التي أولاهُما أبو علي في مسائلِهِ (المشكلة) عنايةَ خاصّةً؛ فقد عَقَدْتُ عنوانينِ لكُلّ واحدةٍ مِنهما معرِّفًا بحدَّيهما، وبـ (المنهج( الذي التزَمَهُ الفارسيّ في اعتمادِهما والتعويلِ عليهما؛ لِكونِهما أصلينِ مِنْ أصولِ جَمعِ اللغةِ، والتقعيدِ لَها.
ثُمَّ تَطرَّقْتُ في آخر البحثِ إلى مسائلَ مُتفرّقةٍ تناثَرتْ بينَ تفاصيلِ الكتابِ، وشكَّلتْ بعضًا مِنْ ملامِحِ المنهجِ الذي انْتَهَجَهُ أبو علي في عَرْضِ مادةِ كتابِهِ، وكانَتْ تلك المسائلُ مِنْ مثل استعمالِهِ لـ (أسلوب الفَنْقلة)، و(طرح الأسئلة المفترضة)، و(كثرة التعليلات)، فقد كانَ للرجُلِ أسلوبُهُ الخاصُ في التعامُلِ مَعَ تلكَ العنواناتِ، وأسلوبُهُ ذلكَ إذا لم يَكُنْ (منهجًا) مِنْ مناهجِ (مسائلِهِ المشكلة)، فَهُوَ، على الأقلّ، طريقةٌ خاصّةٌ في التعاطي مَعَ تلك المسائل.
واخْتَتَمْتُ البَحثَ بأهمِّ النتائجِ التي خَلُصَتْ إليها دراسة (المسائل المشكلة المعروفة بالبغدايات)، و(منهج) صاحِبِهِ فيه، ثُمَّ بقائمة المصادرِ والمراجِعِ التي رَجَعْتُ إليها، واعْتَمَدْتُ مادّتَها في إنجازِ فِقْراتِ هذهِ الصفحاتِ.
ANALISIS KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. ETOS NASIONAL KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Iskandar Muhammad Nur , Indiworo Hawik Ervina , Indriasari Ika 
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konflik peran ganda, kesempatan pengembangan karir, dan penempatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Etos Nasional Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif, populasi dari penelitian ini yaitu seluruh karyawan PT. Etos Nasional Semarang yang berjumlah 240 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Non Probability Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 240 orang. Pengukuran pada penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert yang kemudian diolah dengan alat analisis IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22 menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara konflik peran ganda terhadap kinerja, tidak terdapat pengaruh antara kesempatan pengembangan karir terhadap kinerja, terdapat pengaruh antara penempatan kerja terhadap kinerja. Dapat dilihat pada tabel Summary dengan nilai Adjusted R square 0,061 X 100% = 6,1%.
ANALISIS KETAHANAN UKM SEPATU DAN SANDAL DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Tobing Fitriani , Amelia Wan Rizca , Purike Era , Suryani Wan , Azizah Nur , Kesumah Priatna 
Published: August 2023

Usaha kecil dan menengah merupakan kelompok pelaku ekonomi yang mempunyai peranan penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, karena dapat mengurangi pengangguran dan kemiskinan, memajukan perekonomian di suatu wilayah serta mampu bertahan ketika terjadi goncangan krisis ekonomi karena skala usahanya yang kecil sehingga lebih mudah dalam melakukan penyesuaian terhadap lingkungan yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh karakteristik manajerial, teknologi informasi, modal, integrasi rantai pasokan dan pemasaran terhadap ketahanan organisasi pada UKM Sepatu dan sandal di Kota Medan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pengrajin sepatu dan sandal di Kota Medan. Metode penentuan sampel dengan menggunakan metode probably sampling. Data penelitian menggunakan data primer melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari studi pustaka dan jurnal. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan teknik analisis SEM. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50 orang pengrajin. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh karakteristik manajerial, teknologi informasi, modal, integrasi rantai pasokan dan pemasaran terhadap ketahanan organisasi pada UKM sepatu dan sandal di Kota Medan.
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, SALES GROWTH DAN FIRM SIZE TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN
Authors: Laksmanta Ananda Mitsa Ghalizha , Rachmawati Titiek 
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of good corporate governance, sales growth and firm size on financial performance. The population of this study is Heavy Construction and Civil Engineering companies listed on IDX in 2018-2021 totaling 25 companies. The way of collecting data is using document study and the sampling is using purposive sampling. Based on the result of hypothesis testing on good corporate governance, the original sample value (O) is 0.022 with a t-statistic value of 0.148 < 1.96 and p-values of 0.882 > 0.05. These result indicate that H1 is rejected because good corporate governance has no significant effect on financial performance. The result of the sales growth test show that the original sample value (O) is 0.525 with a t-statistic value of 3.123 > 1.96 and a p-value of 0.002 < 0.05. These result indicate that H2 is accepted because sales growth has a significant positive effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, for firm size, the original sample value (O) is -0.442 with a t-statistic value of 3.867 > 1.96 and p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. These result indicate that H3 is accepted because firm size has a significant negative effect on financial performance.
PENGARUH ONLINE COSTUMER REVIEW, DAN ONLINE COSTUMER RATING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA APLIKASI SHOPEE
Authors: Tandidatu Namsi , Aisyah Aisyah , Lestari Dina , Purianti Dewi , Rudianto Rudianto 
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan pengaruh online costumer review dan online costumer rating terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Aplikasi Shopee, untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial pengaruh signifikan online costumer review terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Aplikasi Shopee, untuk mengetahui pengaruh signifikan secara parsial pengaruh online costumer rating terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Aplikasi Shopee (Studi kasus Mahasiswa/i Universitas Andi Djemma kota Palopo Fakultas Ekonomi Prodi Manajemen Angkatan 2020). Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50 sampel dengan tekhnik pengambilan sampel teknik purposisive sampling yaitu, teknik penentuan sampel data yang didasarkan pada pertimbangan tertentu. Tekhnik pengumpulan data meliputi angket atau keusioner. Tekhnik analisis data mengunakan uji validitas, uji realibilitas, dan uji regresi linear berganda, dengan bantuan spss versi 21 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh secara simultan Online Costumer Review (X1) dan Online Costumer Rating (X2) berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Aplikasi Shopee (studi kasus pada Mahasiswa/i Universitas Andi Djemma Fakultas Ekonomi Angkatan 20 di kota Palopo). Secara parsial Online Costumer Review (X1) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Secara parsial Online Costumer Rating (X2) berpengaruhsignifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.
เครื่องชั่งน้ำหนักและนับจำนวนอุปกรณ์แสดงผลอัตโนมัติ
Authors: มรกตศรีวรรณ รณชัย , Punyawong Wachirapunya , แถวโนนงิ้ว สาคร 
Published: August 2023

โครงการนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ในการออกแบบและพัฒนาเครื่องชั่งน้ำหนักและนับจำนวนอุปกรณ์แสดงผลอัตโนมัติ เพื่อช่วยในการนับและระบุจำนวนของวัสดุอุปกรณ์ที่มีขนาดเล็กและมีความหลากหลายในหน่วยงาน การออกแบบประกอบด้วย 3 ส่วน คือ ส่วนที่หนี่ง โหลดเซลล์เพื่อรับน้ำหนักของวัตถุและอุปกรณ์ขยายสัญญาณไฟฟ้า HX711 ให้มีค่าเป็นสัญญาณ Digital 24 Bit ส่วนที่สอง ส่วนควบคุมระบบซึ่งมีไมโครคอนโทรลเลอร์ ESP32 ทำการประมวลผลและควบคุมการแสดงผล และปุ่มคีย์ป้อนน้ำหนักมาตรฐานของอุปกรณ์ และส่วนที่สาม ส่วนการแสดงผลจากการชั่งและการนับจำนวนอุปกรณ์ ผลการทดสอบประสิทธิภาพการชั่งน้ำหนักและนับจำนวนอุปกรณ์แสดงผลอัตโนมัติมีความผิดพลาดสูงสุดเพียง 0.2% และสามารถทำการแจ้งเตือนอย่างแม่นยำซึ่งแสดงว่าโครงการวิจัยนี้สามารถทำงานได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
Sistem Layanan Pengembangan Usaha Di Lembaga Penyiaran Publik Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi
Authors: Novrima harianto  , Emi Handrina  , Yohani  
Published: August 2023

This study aims to find out how the service system provided by the Public Broadcasting Institute of Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi in the field of business development and to describe what programs are offered by the Public Broadcasting Institution of Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi to RRI Partners to improve cooperation partners in the business sector. The development of this partnership is carried out in the form of broadcasting and non-broadcast services, by utilizing each of RRI's assets, it is hoped that a mutually beneficial relationship will be reached between RRI and partners.
This type of research is a type of descriptive research (descriptive research) with a qualitative approach. Descriptive research aims to make (descriptive) systematically, factually, and accurately regarding certain facts, situations, or events. Qualitative methods here emphasize inductive analysis, not deductive analysis. Where inductive analysis is to solve a problem and the data collected is not intended to support or reject hypotheses that have been compiled before the study begins, but abstractions are compiled as specificities that have been collected and grouped together through a process of careful data collection.
Based on the results of research in the field, it can be concluded that the Business Development Service System at the Radio Public Broadcasting Institution of the Republic of Indonesia Bukittinggi can be concluded as follows:
First, the form of service system provided by the Public Broadcasting Institute of Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi in the field of business development is in accordance with the rules and regulations that have been set by the chairman of LPP RRI Bukittinggi number 4 of 2020 concerning job descriptions of LPP RRI Bukittinggi employees.
Second , the program offered by the Public Broadcasting Agency of Radio Republik Indonesia Bukittinggi to RRI Partners to increase cooperation partners in the business sector is to implement the 6M strategy (Men, Money, Machines, Materials, Method and Market) where each component is improved both from people, funding, equipment, materials, methods (methods) and markets. Programs that have been carried out to partner institutions in collaboration with the government such as: The District Attorney's Office, the Environment Agency, satpol PP BPJS and the Health Office
Osteomielite em ovinos associada a Trueperella pyogenes
Authors: De Oliveira Amanda Dias , Mansson Melanie Alice Machado , Goulart Juliana Querino , Rolim Verônica , Schmidt Verônica 
Published: August 2023

Osteomielite é a infecção do tecido ósseo (por via hematógena ou traumática, processos adjacentes, localizada ou disseminada) que causa quadros infecciosos sistêmicos. Em um rebanho de cerca de 100 ovinos sem raça definida, criados em sistema extensivo no município de Eldorado do Sul (29° 59' 49.7" S 51° 18' 28.3" O), doados à uma instituição de ensino e sem receber manejo sanitário há cerca de 8 anos, verificou-se que sete, com idades variadas e de ambos os sexos, apresentaram aumento de volume e lesões cutâneas na região da mandíbula, com presença de foco purulento em diferentes graus (caseoso, pus, liquefeito) ou ponto cicatricial no local da lesão. Nenhum dos animais apresentou alteração do apetite ou do comportamento. Os sete ovinos foram eutanasiados e coletadas amostras para análises histopatológica e microbiológica. A análise histopatológica evidenciou osteomielite bacteriana piogranulomatosa e dermatite ulcerativa e, em dois dos animais, osteomielite abscedativa crônica. No exame bacteriológico, as amostras inoculadas em ágar acrescido de 5% de sangue ovino, apresentaram formação de β-hemólise após 48 horas de cultivo e, nos testes bioquímicos, positivo para gelatinase e negativo nos testes de catalase e redução de nitratos. A identificação de Trueperella pyogenes (uma bactéria do grupo dos actinomicetos inicialmente denominada Corynebacteruim pyogenes e posteriormente, Arcanobacterium pyogenes) foi confirmada pelo teste de Malditof (Matrix Associated Laser Desorption-Ionization-Time of Flight). Nos casos de osteomielite relatados na literatura, existe semelhança das lesões causadas por T. pyogenes e A. bovis. De ampla distribuição (microflora da pele, orofaringe e trato intestinal; materiais ou utensílios contaminados), T. pyogenes foi identificado em 3,09% de abcessos purulentos na espécie ovina na Arábia Saudita. Sugere-se que a realização de identificação de espécie seja adotada como critério para diagnóstico da enfermidade.
Los Efectos de la Innovación Abierta en la Eco-innovación y el Rendimiento Empresarial en las Empresas Manufactureras de México
Authors: Pinzón-Castro Sandra Yesenia , Maldonado-Guzmán Gonzalo 
Published: August 2023

Contexto. Los problemas globales de la degradación del medioambiente y el cambio climático están orillando a las organizaciones a la adopción y aplicación de nuevas estrategias de producción, con la finalidad de mejorar sus actividades de innovación. De entre las distintas estrategias empresariales que se han propuesto recientemente en la literatura, sobresalen la innovación abierta y la eco-innovación, las cuales aún no existe certeza en la literatura de la innovación que puedan generar mejores resultados en las organizaciones, por lo cual hace falta que estudios futuros aporten evidencia empírica a favor de esta relación.
Objetivo. Explorar el vínculo existente entre la innovación abierta, las actividades de eco-innovación y el rendimiento empresarial.
Problema. ¿Sería posible establecer que la adopción e implementación de la innovación abierta y la eco-innovación mejoran el rendimiento empresarial en las empresas manufactureras de México?
Metodología. La Metodología consistió prácticamente en la realización de una investigación cuantitativa, revisando los artículos publicados recientemente en las revistas internacionales de alto impacto y un marco muestral integrado por 3 escalas de medición, 27 ítems y 2 hipótesis que fueron testadas mediante la aplicación de 460 encuestas a empresas del sector automotriz, de enero a marzo de 2021,
Hallazgos Teóricos y Prácticos. Los hallazgos de este estudio corroboran nuestro argumento de que las compañías que han adoptado y aplicado la innovación abierta y la eco-innovación lograron incrementar significativamente su nivel de rendimiento empresarial.
Originalidad desde el punto de vista transdisciplinar y de innovación sostenible. Mediante la aplicación de 460 encuestas, de enero a marzo de 2021, a igual número de organizaciones. Este estudio contribuye a expandir el conocimiento limitado existente en la literatura, sobre el vínculo que tienen la innovación abierta, la eco-innovación y su impacto en el rendimiento empresarial.
Conclusiones y limitaciones. La estimación de los datos derivados de las 460 encuestas aplicadas a igual número de compañías en 2021, aportan evidencia empírica que permite concluir que el vínculo estrecho entre la innovación abierta y la eco-innovación, coadyuvan un incremento sustancial en el nivel de rendimiento empresarial de las compañías.
Paramètres technico économique de la chèvre locale en élevage intégré dans les fermes irriguées des zones arides
Authors: Atoui Ahlem , Aicha Laaroussi , Abdennebi Mouldi , Ben Salem Farah , Najari Sghaier 
Published: August 2023

La population caprine locale est une ressource génétique adaptée à l’élevage pastoral des régions arides. L’intégration agro écologique de l’élevage caprin fournit au cheptel les conditions d’intensification de la conduite du cheptel élevé en stabulation. Le mode de gestion zootechnique et économique du troupeau, dans ce système d’élevage fixe, doit synthétiser les apports des différents facteurs de production et leur valorisation par les performances animales. L’ensemble des paramètres technico économiques à établir, pour chaque campagne, doivent illustrer les résultats de l’exercice et permettre l’évaluation des étapes de production afin d’améliorer les modes de la conduite et des performances du troupeau. Un modèle de synthèse des résultats zootechniques du troupeau caprin a été adopté à la ferme expérimentale d’d’El GORDHAB. Un total de 89 chèvres mises à la lutte, et 8 boucs, ont donné naissance à 128 chevreaux. Le taux de fertilité, le taux de mortalité des chevreaux à la naissance, l’intervalle entre deux mises bas successives et la taille de la portée ont été respectivement de 91% ;3% ; 9,86mois et 1,60chevreaux ; qui sont largement supérieur à ceux connus de la chèvre locale en élevage pastoral sur parcours. La chèvre locale a pu améliorer ses performances de production numérique et de reproduction dans les conditions intensives, ce qui ouvre la porte pour le développement intégré de l’élevage caprin dans les fermes irriguées du sud tunisien.
Tumor marker analysis in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors GIST
Authors: Chicaiza Jacome Karol Mayte , Proaño Pérez Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: GISTs are sarcomas arising from interstitial cells of Cajal that account for about 1 % of all gastrointestinal tumors. The diagnosis of GIST involves imaging tests and invasive determinations such as endoscopy and biopsy. KIT and PDGFRA immunohistochemistry staining can detect 95 % of GISTs in biopsy samples. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in angiogenesis physiology, immunology, and neural origins of GIST biology, and may be able to provide a valuable prognostic clue. Objective: this research aims to establish tumor markers (miRNAs) for the early diagnosis of GIST patients. Methods: a qualitative approach was used, of a bibliographic-documentary type, and through consultation in various databases found in indexed scientific journals. Results: miR-221, miR-222 play a functional, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic role in GIST. The miR221/222 ratio is considered a genetic biomarker to detect the risk of developing GIST and hsa-miR-218-5p was the best predictor in the development of GIST as well as hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR- 222-3p, hsa-miR-126-3p and hsamiR-218-5p. Conclusions: new non-invasive diagnostic techniques for GIST could become a valuable strategy for early diagnosis and monitoring of patient treatment
An Update in Non-Nutritive Sucking Habit Cessation
Authors: Maloney Brian , Leith Rona 
Published: August 2023

Statement of the problem Non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH) encompass a variety of comforting behaviours in children. While considered normal in early childhood, the persistence of these habits has the potential to cause adverse effects on dental and skeletal relationships in the permanent dentition. Several interceptive techniques to promote habit cessation have been recommended. Purpose of the review To update the dental practitioner on techniques recommended for cessation of NNSH in children and evidence of their efficacy. Discussion There are various interventions for NNSH cessation, including pacifier substitution, behavioural modification, orthodontic appliances, or aversive therapy. Psychological interventions were more likely to stop NNSH versus no treatment in the short and long term. Appliances were shown to be effective in stopping NNSH and demonstrated favourable effects on occlusion. There was no difference between alternative behavioural techniques. While there is insufficient evidence in support of a single intervention, these techniques demonstrate success when used alone or in combination to promote the cessation of NNSH. Conclusions Creating awareness of the treatment options available for managing NNSH may allow practitioners to work with families to establish early habit intervention, with options individualised to the patient. Further high-quality studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base surrounding techniques available for NNSH cessation in general practice.
Significant Variability in the Identification and Reporting of Band Neutrophils by Participants Enrolled in the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Program: Time for a Change
Authors: Vergara-Lluri Maria , Kovach Alexandra E. , Nakashima Megan O. , Bradley Kyle T. , Mahe Etienne , Tsao Lawrence , Savage Natasha M. , Salansky Stephanie A. , Long Thomas , Perkins Sherrie L. , Hsi Eric D. , Pozdnyakova Olga , Bhargava Parul 
Published: August 2023

Context.—
Increased band neutrophils in blood smear differential counts (“bandemia”) are entrenched in medicine as a flag for sepsis. However, laboratory hematology experts have long advocated for discontinuation of reporting bands separately from segmented neutrophils because of poor sensitivity and specificity, poor interobserver agreement, and availability of alternative biomarkers for sepsis.

Objective.—
To describe band neutrophil reporting practices and reproducibility of band classification among laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists (CAP) proficiency testing (PT) program.

Design.—
A survey questionnaire was distributed to hematology PT participants. A subsequent morphologic challenge included 12 preselected cell identifications of segmented neutrophils, bands, and metamyelocytes, and a 100-cell manual differential count of a digitally scanned blood smear.

Results.—
Among laboratories that reported manual differentials, most respondents reported bands (4554 of 5268; 86.4%). Only 3222 of 4412 respondents (73.0%) provided band reference ranges. Though participants classified “easy” band neutrophils well (78.0%–98.3%), categorization of cell identifications for “moderate” and “difficult” bands was poor (3.1%–39.0% of laboratories), with classification instead as segmented neutrophils. This pattern was seen regardless of laboratory demographic characteristics. Marked variability in band counts was observed on the 100-cell differential count for both CAP PT participants and CAP Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Committee (HCMC) members (coefficients of variation, 55.8% and 32.9%, respectively). Variability was significantly improved when segmented and band neutrophils were grouped together (coefficients of variation, 6.2% and 5.0%, respectively).

Conclusions.—
Most CAP PT–participating laboratories report band counts, many without reference ranges. The survey confirms significant interlaboratory variability of band enumeration when bands are separately identified from segmented neutrophils. This study reaffirms the CAP Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Committee's strong recommendation to group segmented and band neutrophils together in manual differential counts.