bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biopolymeric conjugation with synthetic fibers and applications
Authors: Biswal Trinath 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Presently, several different kinds of polymer composite materials of varying properties have been developed and these composite materials play a vital role in construction and automotive industries. Polymer composites are normally preferred owing to some of their unique properties such as light weight, low cost, good surface finishes, more durability, and non-corrosiveness. But it is a challenge to environmental sustainability, therefore researchers are emphasizing on development of new modified biodegradable polymer composite materials. The biopolymer matrix reinforced by synthetic fibers is a viable alternative, which exhibits adequate mechanical properties and biodegradability. Although various advanced and improved composite materials are developed by using synthetic fibers, natural fibers, and nanoparticles, the use of synthetic fibers as reinforcing material is cost effective and shows improved performance. Among the various kinds of synthetic fibers, normally glass fibers (GF) in the form of short fiber are the most widely used reinforcing material, which is cost effective, provides good impact resistance, stiffness, strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. For requirement of high stiffness of the composite material, carbon fibers (CF) are more suitable than GF. Some other synthetic fibers such as aramid (AF), polypropylene fibers (PP-F), polyacrylonitrile fiber (PAN-F), basalt (BF), and polyethylene terephthalate fiber (PET-F) are some cases used as reinforcing material for synthesis of composites. The composite reinforced with synthetic fibers are used as a highly suitable material for manufacturing of various components in cars, space vehicles and railways. Recently some new hybrid composite materials are developed by using both natural and synthetic fibers as reinforcing material, which exhibits dynamic thermal, mechanical properties and potentially suitable from automobile to construction industry. Recently, numerous new biomaterial composite has been developed by using biopolymer as matrix with reinforcement of various kinds of synthetic fibers, which are used as good implant material for tissue engineering applications.
Environmental footprints and implications of converting GHG species to value-added chemicals: a review
Authors: Kula Karolina , Klemeš Jiří Jaromír , Fan Yee Van , Varbanov Petar Sabev , Gaurav Gajendra Kumar , Jasiński Radomir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper assesses various approaches that use captured greenhouse gases (GHG) as feedstocks for chemical synthesis. The analysis focuses mainly on the two most abundant anthropogenic GHG, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), as well, their conversion technologies to obtain methanol (MeOH), formic acid (FA) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). These GHG conversions to chemicals technologies are compared with the conventional industrial methods based on fossil feedstocks. The essential information, such as the ranges of energy requirements, environmental footprint and economic production aspects, are summarised. According to the collected information and analysis, the conventional, non-GHG conversion methods are still more environmentally sustainable. Chemicals production technologies based on CO2, such as direct catalytic synthesis to obtain both MeOH and FA, as well as transesterification with MeOH to obtain DMC, are relatively good candidates for implementation on a large scale when a good source of co-reactants such as hydrogen, ethylene carbonate and urea will be provided. In turn, electrochemical methods to synthesise the target chemicals are less feasible due to energy consumption related to the concentration and purification stages of products being the main hotspots. Chemical synthesis based on captured CH4 is currently difficult to evaluate as too little information is available to draw a credible conclusion. However, it may be a trend in future. The limitations of GHG-based conversion for application are related to the capture and transport stages.
Reconsidering the Essential Nature and Indestructibility of the Soul in the Affinity Argument of the
Phaedo
Authors: Stephanides Stephanos 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper offers a fresh examination of a salient distinction located at the beginning of the Affinity Argument between the composite (τὸ σύνθετον) and the incomposite (τὸ ἀσύνθετον). I offer reasons for why Plato may have intended for us to assume that the soul is an incomposite unity in its essential nature. I then substantiate this claim by reviving an ancient interpretation to the Affinity Argument according to which the soul is of the same metaphysical kind as the Forms. I thus suggest that the argument may be seen as supporting the basic indestructibility cum immortality of all souls.
Mechanical Properties and Stabilization Mechanism of Steel Slag-Rice Husk Ash Solidified High Plasticity Clay
Authors: Kang Xin , Li Chenye , Zhang Miao , Yu Xiaoqing , Chen Yongqing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Steel slag (SS) and rice husk ash (RHA) are utilized to treat high plasticity clay (CH) for highway subbase applications. The aim of this paper is to study the curing effect of SS and RHA addition on treated CH and explore the stabilization mechanism. The paper systematically investigated the mechanical properties of stabilized soil, such as California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). In addition, the micro-improvement mechanisms of the soil properties were explored through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the mechanical properties of solidified soil were significantly improved after adding SS-RHA. With the addition of 15 % SS and 9 % RHA in CH, the CBR, UCS, and elastic modulus were increased by 412.5 %, 384.1 %, and 374.7 %, respectively. The addition of SS provided the calcium and aluminum ions required for the hydration reaction. Meanwhile, the pozzolanic activity of RHA can enhance the activity of SS and further improve the gelling property of SS. The microscopic characteristic tests showed more cementitious material was generated in the SS-RHA stabilized soil, which were more uniform and denser. The stabilization mechanism was attributed to the internal pore filling and interparticle cementation of SS-RHA gel, which simultaneously enhanced the microstructure of the soil and particle contact.
Experimental Evaluation of KIEAC of a Carbon Steel Using the Pin-Loaded SENT Geometry
Authors: Teixeira Oliveira de Menezes João , Braun Poloponsky Ingrid , Castrodeza Enrique Mariano 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experimental determination of the threshold stress intensity factor for environment-assisted cracking (KIEAC) is described by several standards, which allow the use of different specimen geometries and methodologies for crack length estimation. In some cases, the combination of structure, specimen size, or both, main loading direction, and crack orientations of the component that need to be characterized limit the use of standardized geometries. Consequently, alternative geometries must be used. In this study, fatigue pre-cracked pin-loaded single edge notched tension specimens as defined by BS 8571:2018, Method of Test for Determination of Fracture Toughness in Metallic Materials Using Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) Specimens, were applied for the experimental evaluation of the KIEAC of a carbon steel. The specimens were tested in deaerated substitute ocean water solution saturated with carbon dioxide at 40°C and at 1 and 10 bar (100 and 1,000 kPa) under constant load conditions with incremental (step) loading. The crack length during the tests was monitored by direct current potential drop, which was helpful for defining the applied K corresponding to the onset of subcritical crack growth (KIEAC). Additionally, fractographic analysis of KEAC specimens and results from the fracture toughness evaluation of this material in air at room temperature have also been reported.
Young’s Modulus of Metal Foams Based on Resonance Frequencies
Authors: Sadeghi Naeini M. R. , Ahmadian M. T. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Estimating the mechanical properties of metal foams is becoming important in developing new materials and advancing new manufacturing processes. Among various mechanical properties, effective Young’s modulus as one of the key properties may be evaluated through several measurement methods, but because of some limitations, merely a few techniques can be used in each application. Metal foam as a novel conventional material is one of the significant materials with limited methods for effective Young’s modulus measurement. Recently, several empirical relationships have been developed between effective Young’s modulus and metal foam’s porosity to estimate its elasticity based on the material’s relative density. The present study uses the finite element method to examine a cuboid-shaped sample with various porosities to develop a better model for the relationship between resonance frequencies and elasticity. In addition to the relationship between elasticity and porosity, an empirical correlation between resonance frequencies and elasticity is proposed. The results of this research allow the researchers to estimate the porosity and effective Young’s modulus of metal foams based on the resonance frequencies.
Phasic, Event-Related Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modifies Behavioral, Pupillary, and Low-Frequency Oscillatory Power Responses
Authors: Wienke Christian , Grueschow Marcus , Haghikia Aiden , Zaehle Tino 
Published: August 2023

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been proposed to activate the locus ceruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. However, previous studies failed to find consistent modulatory effects of taVNS on LC-NA biomarkers. Previous studies suggest that phasic taVNS may be capable of modulating LC-NA biomarkers such as pupil dilation and alpha oscillations. However, it is unclear whether these effects extend beyond pure sensory vagal nerve responses. Critically, the potential of the pupillary light reflex as an additional taVNS biomarker has not been explored so far. Here, we applied phasic active and sham taVNS in 29 subjects (16 female, 13 male) while they performed an emotional Stroop task (EST) and a passive pupil light reflex task (PLRT). We recorded pupil size and brain activity dynamics using a combined Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupillometry design. Our results show that phasic taVNS significantly increased pupil dilation and performance during the EST. During the PLRT, active taVNS reduced and delayed pupil constriction. In the MEG, taVNS increased frontal-midline theta and alpha power during the EST, whereas occipital alpha power was reduced during both the EST and PLRT. Our findings provide evidence that phasic taVNS systematically modulates behavioral, pupillary, and electrophysiological parameters of LC-NA activity during cognitive processing. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the pupillary light reflex can be used as a simple and effective proxy of taVNS efficacy. These findings have important implications for the development of noninvasive neuromodulation interventions for various cognitive and clinical applications.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTtaVNS has gained increasing attention as a noninvasive neuromodulation technique and is widely used in clinical and nonclinical research. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of action of taVNS is not yet fully understood. By assessing physiology and behavior in a response conflict task in healthy humans, we demonstrate the first successful application of a phasic, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation to improve cognitive control and to systematically modulate pupillary and electrophysiological markers of the noradrenergic system. Understanding the mechanisms of action of taVNS could optimize future clinical applications and lead to better treatments for mental disorders associated with noradrenergic dysfunction. In addition, we present a new taVNS-sensitive pupillary measure representing an easy-to-use biomarker for future taVNS studies.
Alteration of tumor suppressors changes the endometrial tumor spectrum
Authors: Mayo Lindsey D 
Published: August 2023

The most common gynecological cancer in Europe and the United States is endometrial. Like most cancers, early‐stage endometrial cancer has a more favorable prognosis, while high‐grade, including endometrioid and nonendometrioid, has the worst prognosis. In endometrioid human tumors, the tumor suppressor genes PTEN and p53 (Trp53) are frequently altered or lost, as identified in datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. These suppressors' somatic mutations or loss of gene expression can lead to neoplastic development, tumor progression, and therapeutic resistance. In addition, somatic missense mutations are prevalent in another tumor suppressor, the F‐box and WD repeats containing 7 (FBXW7). FBXW7 is part of the SCF‐βTrCP ubiquitin complex that signals protein destruction. Specifically, FBXW7 is responsible for binding and facilitating the destabilization of proteins involved in proliferation and migration. Losing the function of multiple tumor suppressors could activate pathways involved in neoplastic progression, malignancy, therapeutic resistance, and formation of different tumor subtypes. The study by Brown et al in this issue of EMBO Mol Med (Brown et al, 2023) provides insight into the complexity of tumor suppressor mutations in malignant endometrial cancer.
Evaluación subjetiva de la hipoestesia subclavicular luego de una reducción abierta y fijación interna de fracturas de clavícula
Authors: Pierro Inés , Simone Juan Pablo , Forns Guido , Vasallo María Belén 
Published: August 2023

Introducción: Las fracturas de clavícula representan el 4% de las fracturas del adulto; el 80% son mediodiafisarias. Se ha demostrado que el tratamiento quirúrgico disminuye el riesgo de seudoartrosis, consolidación viciosa y dolor residual, aunque no está exento de complicaciones, como la hipoestesia regional (12-29%), entre otras.
Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia de hipoestesia subclavicular luego de una reducción abierta y fijación interna para una fractura de clavícula, si afecta la calidad de vida del paciente y cómo la afecta.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico prospectivo de pacientes con una fractura mediodiafisaria desplazada de clavícula tratados con reducción abierta y fijación interna entre 2018 y 2021. Se utilizó un cuestionario elaborado por el equipo, que consistió en 6 preguntas para responder de forma anónima. Se evaluó la presencia de hipoestesia subclavicular, dolor regional y afectación de la vida cotidiana.
Resultados: Se evaluó a 29 pacientes con un seguimiento posoperatorio mínimo de un año, operados mediante un abordaje longitudinal. Veintidós (76%) tenían alteración de la sensibilidad y siete (24%) negaron este síntoma. La hipoestesia subclavicular afectó la calidad de vida de manera leve o nula del 97% de los pacientes.
Conclusión: Es importante advertirle al paciente antes de la cirugía sobre la posibilidad de hipoestesia cutánea como complicación posoperatoria, debido a su alta frecuencia, aunque es poco probable que dicha complicación afecte la calidad de vida.
A novel validation approach shows new, solid reasons why vertical jump height should not be used to predict leg power
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando , González-Lutz María Isabel 
Published: August 2023

Jump height continues to be widely used to predict power in humans. Individual progress is often monitored on the basis of estimated power, but prediction equations are based on group data. The objective of the study was to show that vertical jump performance (VJP) and mechanical power are poorly associated, particularly within individuals. Two experiments are presented. First, 52 physically active male college students performed five maximal vertical jumps each. Second, three young male participants performed 50 maximal jumps each. Participants rested for 1 minute between jumps. VJP was calculated from kinematic data as peak body center of mass (BCOM) minus standing BCOM; peak power (PEAKPWR) was calculated from the vertical ground reaction force registered by a force plate, and average power (MEANPWR) during propulsion from the change in potential energy of BCOM. Regression analyses were performed using standardized VJP scores as the predictor variable and standardized power scores as the resulting variables, expecting an identity function of y = x (intercept = 0, slope = 1) and R2 = 1. In experiment 1, the model for zPEAKPWR R2 = 0.9707 (p < 0.0001) but slope (0.3452) ≠ 1 (p < 0.0001). The model for zMEANPWR R2 = 0.9239 (p < 0.0001); nevertheless, slope (0.4257) ≠ 1 (p < 0.0001). In experiment 2, all individual models for zPEAKPWR and zMEANPWR resulted in poor associations (R2 ≤ 0.21) and slopes ≠ 1 (p≤0.001). In conclusion, regression analysis for individuals, and even for groups, confirms that VJP is a poor predictor of mechanical power.
Folk conceptualisation of small talk: A view from a Japanese online discussion forum
Authors: Ohashi Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study explores the perceptions of small talk shared by the users of a Japanese online community, seeking information on their expected speech and behaviour in small talk and factors contributing to positive/negative evaluations of small talk. The study investigates a discussion thread consisting of 73 responses to a contributor's request for advice on improving small talk capabilities from the perspectives of interaction ritual (Goffman 1967), balancing obligations (Ohashi 2008, 2013, 2021) and typology of speech acts (Edmondson & House 1981; House & Kádár 2022b).
Bacterial cellulose: A smart biomaterial for biomedical applications
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Singh Mukesh Kumar , Singh Annika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe escalating curiosity in bacterial cellulose (BC) due to exceptional attributes such as purity, biodegradability, non-toxicity, porous fibrillar structure, and high water retention potential expand its applications to tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, and cosmetics. BC has proved highly prospective to be used to manufacture innovative wound care solutions, drug carriers and delivering complexes. The drug-carrying BC found enormous applications in dental therapies, wound care, and scare-free wound management. Various degradation techniques of BC under antibiotic environments and physiological conditions offer different advantages in drug design. The drug loading capacity of BC can be increased by in situ modifications of its fibrillar network. The BC-based scaffolds compounded with other materials such as nanopolymers have explored new frontiers for BC applications in auspicious biomedicinal product developments. BC can accommodate different nanoparticles, biomaterials, synthetic materials, carbon materials, and plant extracts, which allows using BC in various biomedical and cosmetic products.
Graphical abstract
Effect of Nano Chitosan Concentration and Storage Temperature on the Physical Characteristics of Edible Films of Black Mangrove Starch-Chitosan
Authors: Mile Lukman , Nursyam Happy , Setijawati Dwi , Sulistiyati Titik Dwi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Edible films made from chitosan and starch materials have several physical limitations, particularly in terms of tensile strength and elongation. To address these limitations, glycerol and sorbitol are often added as plasticizers during the production process. Chitosan has also been reported to have plasticizing properties and can serve as an alternative through its modification into nano-sized particles, thereby increasing its reactivity. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the physical properties of edible films made from black mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) fruit starch and chitosan by adding nano chitosan suspension at different storage temperatures to determine the best treatment. A completely randomized factorial design was used, and the data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level with IBM SPSS statistics 25. The treatments used included the addition of nano chitosan suspension (A) at various concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% with storage (B) for 0 days, 9 days at room temperature, and 9 days at cold storage (± 50C) in triplicates. The significant treatments were then further tested using Honestly Significant Difference (sig < 0.05). The results showed that the addition of nano chitosan suspension with storage method affected the physical properties of the edible films. Based on the De Garmo analysis, the best treatment was A1B0 with an IE of 0.71, followed by A3B1 and A3B2 with 0.48 and 0.49, respectively.
Acute Irreducible Rotational Patellar Dislocation with Patellar Tendon Rupture
Authors: Askari Alireza , Jabalameli Mahmoud , Arasteh Peyman , Kassir Hassan 
Published: August 2023

Case:
In this report, we present a case of acute patellar dislocation with both vertical and longitudinal rotation of the patella. As a result of rotation in the longitudinal axis, the articular surface of the patella faced outward, and the dorsal surface faced the femoral condyle. The patient underwent open reduction. One year after open reduction and soft-tissue repair, the patient had acceptable knee function and no knee pain.

Conclusion:
This case shows how similar cases may be treated with an open reduction to properly address the patellar dislocation.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Tibial Cone and Impaction Grafting for Severe Femoral Bone Loss
Authors: Ramos Michael S. , Rullan-Oliver Pedro , Pasqualini Ignacio , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Molloy Robert M. 
Published: August 2023

Case:
An 84-year-old woman presented 6 years after revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) with worsening hip pain and a Paprosky classification IIIB femoral defect. rTHA was performed using a proximal femur replacement. Given her osteoporosis and poor bone stock, a tibial cone and impaction grafting (IG) were used for megaprosthesis fixation. At the 33-month follow-up, the patient was pain-free and radiographs demonstrated a well-fixed implant.

Conclusion:
In the setting of massive defects of poor-quality bone, novel use of a tibial cone and IG can be implemented to achieve implant fixation and maximize patient outcomes.
Evaluation and Treatment of Primary Spinal Epidural Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Myelopathy in a Young Adult
Authors: Cowley R. Adams , Carroll Austin H. , Pasko Kory B.D. , Rubenstein Eric , Tagouri Yahia M. , Weiner David 
Published: August 2023

Case:
Primary spinal epidural lymphoma (PSEL) presenting as myelopathy is extremely rare, particularly within young, healthy adults. This case report describes a 26-year-old man presenting with progressive thoracic myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed spinal epidural masses spanning T5-T10 and T12-L2 with multilevel cord compression and edema. After evaluation, the patient underwent emergent posterior decompression to prevent progressive neurological decline. Histology was consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, germinal center type. At 3 months postoperatively, the patient regained full neurologic function.

Conclusion:
Although rare, PSELs should be considered in patients presenting with myelopathy to facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment.