bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable Synthesis of Sub‐20 nm Gold Nanoparticles Capping with Cyclodextrin for Host–Guest Molecular Recognition on Nano‐Surface
Authors: Li Youwei , Tang Mingxing , Li Jiarong , Cheng Biyang , Wang Chun , Dong Hui , Shen Dengke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGold nanoparticles capping with three types of natural cyclodextrins are synthesized, allowing for precise control over their sizes ranging from 9 to 20 nm. These nanoparticles exhibit remarkable colloidal stability during long‐term storage, as well as excellent tolerance to saline, acidic, and alkaline conditions. Importantly, the assembly of nanoparticles is performed by using the silica nanospheres functionalized with cinnamyl group and the gold nanoparticle capping with three types of cyclodextrin, highlighting the selective formation of core‐satellite superstructure based on the host–guest molecular recognition on nano‐surface between different nanoparticles.
Survival outcomes of patients treated with local therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer with high prostate‐specific antigen concentrations
Authors: Ślusarczyk Aleksander , Baboudjian Michael , Zapała Piotr , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Miszczyk Marcin , Chlosta Marcin , Krumpoeck Paul , Moschini Marco , Gandaglia Giorgio , Ploussard Guillaume , Rivas Juan G. , Życzkowski Marcin , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Radziszewski Piotr , Leapman Michael S. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Rajwa Paweł 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (nmPCa) and high prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels due to the high likelihood of metastasis pose a clinical dilemma regarding their optimal treatment and long‐term outcomes after initial local therapy. We aimed to evaluate the oncologic outcomes of patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) for nmPCa with high PSA levels.MethodsWe queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify patients diagnosed with nmPCa who received RP or RT from 2004 through 2015. We included nmPCa patients with high PSA levels categorized as ≥50 and ≥98 ng/mL, the highest level recorded in SEER. We used the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards to analyze cancer‐specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsWe included 6177 patients with nmPCa and PSA ≥ 50 ng/mL at diagnosis; 1698 (27%) had PSA ≥ 98 ng/mL. Of these, 1658 (26.8%) underwent RP and 4519 (73.16%) patients received primary RT. Within a median of 113 months (interquartile range 74–150 months), the 5‐ and 10‐year CSS estimates were 92.3% and 81.5% respectively; 10‐year OS was 61%. In the PSA ≥ 98 ng/mL subgroup 5‐ and 10‐year CSS estimates were 89.2% and 76%, respectively. In multivariable analyses for CSS, ISUP grade group (p < 0.001), N stage (p < 0.001), treatment with RP (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.83, p < 0.001), and patient's age (p < 0.05) were associated with improved CSS. In the whole cohort of patients with PSA ≥ 50 ng/mL and RP subgroup, PSA failed to retain its independent prognostic value for CSS.ConclusionsPatients treated with local therapy for nmPCa with very high PSA at diagnosis have relatively good long‐term oncological outcomes. Therefore, among well‐selected patients with nmPCa, high PSA levels alone should not preclude the use of radical local therapy. Potential selection bias limits inferences about the relative effectiveness of specific local therapies in this setting.
Experimental training in molecular pharmacology education based on drug–target interactions
Authors: Ge Luna , Cheng Kai , Zhang Yuang , Li Junling , Chen Wei , Song Guanhua , Wang Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionDrug development has been challenged by the dual drawbacks involving unpredictable disease outcomes and drug resistance, which has placed greater demands on pharmacology education. Molecular pharmacology, as a frontier crossover field of pharmacology, focuses on the research of new drugs and targets. However, due to the lack of a systematic experimental training system, molecular pharmacology has not made a corresponding contribution in promoting the training of innovative talent in pharmacology. We aim to establish an experimental training program suitable for molecular pharmacology to improve students' ability to engage in drug development in future.MethodsBased on the feasibility of drug–target projects, a comprehensive training program containing molecular docking, target stability experiment, and fluorescent probe detection of protein expression in living cells and mice was conducted among 20 pharmacy graduate students. The experimental training was assessed by the experimental training report and the student recognition questionnaires.ResultsAll 20 students mastered the experimental principles and operations required for the training program. The experimental reports proved that the students were in good command of the experimental principles, operations and applications. The results of the Likert questionnaire indicated that the training program promoted the understanding of the drug research process and increased motivation to learn.ConclusionThe designed experimental training program has a positive effect on the training of pharmacology talents, and can be implemented as a part of molecular pharmacology education.
Reliability optimization model in man‐machine systems considering human factors in uncertain situations
Authors: Saidi‐Mehrabad Mohammad , Atashfeshan Nooshin , Razavi Hamideh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the last four decades, researchers have recognized that traditional automation has many negative consequences stemming from human out‐of‐the‐loop problems. However, there is a paucity of research to optimize function allocation problems under uncertainty by considering both human and machine influential factors. This work attempts to address this standing paucity of research by designing an optimization model with the objective function of maximizing system reliability besides balancing human workload over a mission time and keeping him/her in the control loop. To maximize system reliability, the prediction of human and machine fault rates is inspired by the human‐in‐the‐loop fault tree analysis (FTA). Furthermore, the failure probabilities of human‐related events in the proposed fault tree are estimated via fuzzy logic inference systems. A typical supervisory control task is selected to demonstrate the application and feasibility of the proposed method. In conclusion, this mathematical model as a decision support method provides guidance for automation designers to improve an automated system via systematic prediction of failures in the early stage of the design phase.
A new phosphate purification method for igneous weathering profiles
Authors: Guan Chengguo , Peng Yongbo , Wei Ziran , Gong Shanggui , Bao Huiming 
Published: August 2023

RationaleThe oxygen isotope composition of phosphate (δ18OPO4) is widely employed for reconstructing paleotemperature and tracing biogeochemical phosphorus cycling. However, existing phosphate purification protocols do not work well for igneous rocks and igneous weathering profiles (IWPs). A reliable purification method is needed for measuring δ18OPO4 in these materials.MethodsOur phosphate purification method includes two steps of cation exchange resin treatment separated by a step of calcium phosphate precipitation (R‐Ca‐R method). In addition, the silver phosphate precipitation in our procedure is featured by slow evaporation to crystallization until the appearance of ammonium nitrate or silver nitrate crystals. We evaluated our methods on weathered and pristine igneous rocks, phosphorite rocks, KH2PO4, and (NH4)2HPO4 solutions.ResultsOur purification method converted over 99.9% phosphate in solution to calcium phosphate, which can be easily decalcified by cation resin. The improved silver phosphate precipitation method produced high phosphate yields (97.1%–99.5%) and retained original δ18OPO4 within analytical uncertainty (2σ = 0.6‰). We applied the purification and precipitation method on five igneous rocks and IWPs, and obtained δ18OPO4 values ranging from 6.4‰ to 8.0‰. Duplicate phosphate extractions yielded δ18OPO4 values differing by less than 0.3‰.ConclusionsWe developed a new phosphate purification method that is applicable to phosphate extraction in igneous rocks and IWPs. We also proposed a reliable indicator for the termination of silver phosphate precipitation. Our method can achieve high phosphate yield and reproducible δ18OPO4 value.
Overlapping peak separation algorithm for ion mobility spectra based on multistrategy JAYA
Authors: Zhang Weiyang , Cai Jing , Gao Wenqing , Han Renlu , Wang Haixing , Wu Yanfei , Wu Jiawei , Wu Yong , Wang Chenlu , Tang Keqi , Yu Jiancheng 
Published: August 2023

RationaleIn the field of separation science, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) plays an important role as an analytical tool. However, the lack of sufficient structural resolution is a common problem in qualitative and quantitative analysis using IMS. A method is needed to solve the problem of overlapping peaks caused by insufficient resolution.MethodsThe method uses multiple strategies to more effectively use population information to balance exploration and exploitation capabilities, prevent local optimization, accurately resolve overlapping peaks, quickly obtain optimal spectral peak model coefficients, and accurately identify compounds.ResultsMultistrategy JAYA algorithm's (MSJAYA) performance is compared with improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), dynamic inertia weight particle swarm optimization (DIWPSO), and multiobjective dynamic teaching‐learning‐based optimization (MDTLBO). The analysis shows that MSJAYA's maximum separation error is within 0.6%, a level of accuracy not guaranteed by the other algorithms. In addition, the separation error fluctuates within a much smaller range, demonstrating MSJAYA's superior robustness.ConclusionsCompared with other overlapping peak separation algorithms, MSJAYA is more applicable because no special parameters are used. The method allows fast deconvolution analysis of strong overlapping peaks with multiple components, which greatly improves the resolution of IMS.
Editorial: Sliding‐mode algorithms for state estimation and fault diagnosis
Authors: Ríos Héctor , Ferreira de Loza Alejandra , Dávila Jorge 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe purpose of this Special Issue on “Sliding–mode algorithms for state estimation and fault diagnosis” is to present a collection of articles showing novel developments and results in the theory and practice of sliding–mode algorithms for state estimation and fault diagnosis. This collection also includes some advanced and non–standard methods to deal with the fault–tolerant control problem.
Evolution of Thermoelectric Generators: From Application to Hybridization
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , Tian Bian , Li Yao , Guo Zijun , Zhang Zhongkai , Luo Zhifang , Zhao Libo , Lin Qijing , Lee Chengkuo , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConsiderable thermal energy is emitted into the environment from human activities and equipment operation in the course of daily production. Accordingly, the use of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can attract wide interest, and it shows high potential in reducing energy waste and increasing energy recovery rates. Notably, TEGs have aroused rising attention and been significantly boosted over the past few years, as the energy crisis has worsened. The reason for their progress is that thermoelectric generators can be easily attached to the surface of a heat source, converting heat energy directly into electricity in a stable and continuous manner. In this review, applications in wearable devices, and everyday life are reviewed according to the type of structure of TEGs. Meanwhile, the latest progress of TEGs’ hybridization with triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG), and photovoltaic effect is introduced. Moreover, prospects and suggestions for subsequent research work are proposed. This review suggests that hybridization of energy harvesting, and flexible high‐temperature thermoelectric generators are the future trends.
Double‐Confinement Construction of Atomically‐Dispersed‐Fe Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for High‐Performance Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Zhao Xue , Chen Mengshan , Bi Zenghui , Zhang Haoran , Hu Guangzhi , Zhou Yingtang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSimultaneously achieving high activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key to constructing rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs). Here the complexation of 1,10‐phenanthroline and the spatial confinement effect of closo‐[B12H12]2− are used to solidify metal‐boron‐cluster‐organic‐polymers on the surface of SiO2 microspheres to construct a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst (FeBCN/NHCS). Driven by FeBCN/NHCS, the half‐wave‐potential of ORR surpasses that of the Pt/C catalyst, reaching 0.893 V versus RHE, and the overpotential (η10) of OER is as low as 361 mV. The ZABs of FeBCN/NHCS as an air cathode not only have high power density and specific capacity, but also have charge‐discharge durability. The FeBCN/NHCS is not only related to the high specific surface area, but also the high exposure rate of single‐atom Fe and the doping of heteroatom B. This study provides an efficient oxygen electrocatalyst and also contributes wisdom to the acquisition of highly active oxygen electrocatalyst.
Ultra‐high performance concrete under direct tension: Investigation of a hybrid of steel and synthetic fibers
Authors: Karim Rizwan , Shafei Behrouz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUltra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) offers superior tensile properties in comparison to normal and high‐strength concrete. This is known to largely depend on the fibers included in the UHPC mixtures. Among the available types of fiber, steel fibers have been commonly used in the current practice. However, given the price and availability issues associated with steel fibers, there has been growing interest in benefiting from synthetic fibers in UHPC. This was the motivation for the current study to investigate the potential of five synthetic fibers by evaluating how the tensile properties of the UHPC mixtures made with a hybrid of steel and synthetic fibers are influenced under direct tension. The synthetic fibers of choice consisted of nylon, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, alkali‐resistant glass, and carbon fibers. By using a dog bone test setup, the main tensile properties of the developed mixtures (i.e., direct tensile strength, elastic modulus, and stress–strain relationship) were systematically determined. The results extracted from direct tension tests were then further processed in conjunction with digital image correlation analyses to investigate the formation and propagation of cracks, as well as the post‐cracking response. The original findings reported from this study are expected to pave the way to broaden the fiber types that can be considered for the structural applications of UHPC, especially where high tensile stresses/strains are anticipated.
Site suitability analysis for industrial development using geospatial technology and multi criteria decision making
Authors: Giri Satyaranjan , Tripathy Jagadish Kumar , Swain Swapna Sweta , Nandi Debabrata , Mohanta Kamal L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the process of developing industries to eradicate poverty, developing countries continue to invest more in their land use system, as this may provide a safeguard to food security through a healthy ecosystem and have a positive impact on sustainability. The Geographic Information System (GIS) has created an unprecedented world of possibilities for processing data from remote sensing and other sources. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), in conjunction with geospatial technology, provides a tool for industrial area mapping and management. The current research was conducted in three blocks of the Baleshwar district in northern Odisha, India. Analysis of a location's physical, social, and economic factors to see if it is good for a certain use, like an industrial setup, urban planning, or recreational use, is becoming more and more important in today's world so that important decisions can be made within a short period. Due to the fact that the present research location is located in close proximity to both hilly terrain and a coastal plan, the site's appropriateness may be improved by employing a variety of factors to design an industrial setup that is economically viable. The goal of the study is to apply land suitability analysis (LSA) to identify existing land use in areas with industrial growth potential so that agricultural and industrial development may focus on long‐term sustainability. According to this study, 16.6% (201.79 km2) of the area is highly suitable, 48.2% (586.96 km2) is moderately suitable, 15.5% (188.40 km2) is less suitable, and 19.71% (239.73 km2) is not suitable at all. Due to the abundance of raw materials, improved communication, and proximity to the shore, the Baleswar block has the largest percentage of highly suitable areas when compared to the Remuna and Nilgiri blocks of the research area.
Screening and characterization of waste lignocellulosic biomass as a potential substrate for energy recovery
Authors: Kumari Uma , Gupta Pratibha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe world is facing a severe energy crisis due to rapid industrialization, population explosion, and modern lifestyle. Conventional energy sources are running out of stock and accordingly, an ardent need for the search for alternative feedstock for energy recovery has been the research focus for the past few decades. In context to this energy turmoil, the lignocellulosic biomasses have emerged as an excellent surrogate antecedent for energy procreation in this present scenario of the energy crisis. Among numerous feasible biomass energy recovery methods, the biochemical route and the thermochemical route are the most prevailing. Accordingly, several biomass characteristics require well understanding to access the extent of possible energy recovery. The compositional features assessed (in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, extractives, and lignin content) as well as the ultimate analysis carried out (in terms of the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen content) as one of the major parameters for evaluating the energy recovery potential and subsequently, a Van Krevelen diagram was obtained to define their energy recovery potential. The calorific value of the three biomass specimens obtained by using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter and subsequently, their oil equivalence was presented. A tariff and budgetary analysis evaluated to define their respective economic incentives and their potential scope to meet the energy crisis scenario. Finally, a scoring matrix analysis conducted parallelly by evaluating the various parameters by adopting the rank correlation method to screen out the best biomass category. The overall scheme of study adopted for screening a particular waste biomass category from three widely available agriculture waste biomass samples (rice husk, corn cob, and nutshell) through multiple criteria and thereby evaluating the most ideal biomass as the surrogate source to meet the ever‐increasing energy demand which are prevalent in the state of Jharkhand, India.
What is the role of the studbook in zoo and aquarium research?
Authors: Brereton James E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn zoos and aquariums globally, studbooks provide a format by which threatened or important species populations can be carefully managed. These documents can be used to answer complex questions about animal population demographics, animal husbandry, breeding success and mortality. Given the time‐intensive nature of studbook collation, only a subset of all animal species held in zoological facilities are managed using these programs. The purpose of this project was to identify how studbooks are being used by researchers, the topics being investigated, and the taxa being covered. To achieve this, data were collected on the types of research paper being produced using studbook information. A literature search, covering several zoo and aquarium journals, was utilized. Data on the types of studbook available were additionally collected for three international zoo organizations. A Poisson regression was run to determine the predictive power of taxonomic class, animal threat status and studbook type on a studbook featuring in published research. Overall, the study identified that taxonomic class and threat status were significant predictors of the number of published studbook papers, with threatened species being more likely to appear in papers. Additionally, population demography was the most common use of studbook data, followed by genetics and reproduction. Not all taxonomic groups were featured in the literature, with mammals featuring much more frequently than would be expected based on the types of studbook available.
Transcriptome-wide association study-derived genes as potential visceral adipose tissue-specific targets for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tang Haibo , Wang Jie , Deng Peizhi , Li Yalan , Cao Yaoquan , Yi Bo , Zhu Liyong , Zhu Shaihong , Lu Yao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
This study aimed to assess the causal relationship between visceral obesity and type 2 diabetes and subsequently to screen visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-specific targets for type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We examined the causal relationship between VAT and type 2 diabetes using bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) followed by multivariable MR. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) leveraging prediction models and a large-scale type 2 diabetes genome-wide association study (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls) to identify candidate genes in VAT and used summary-data-based MR (SMR) and co-localisation analysis to map causal genes. We performed enrichment and single-cell RNA-seq analyses to determine the cell-specific localisation of the TWAS-identified genes. We also conducted knockdown experiments in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes.

Results
MR analyses showed a causal relationship between genetically increased VAT mass and type 2 diabetes (inverse-variance weighted OR 2.48 [95% CI 2.21, 2.79]). Ten VAT-specific candidate genes were associated with type 2 diabetes after Bonferroni correction, including five causal genes supported by SMR and co-localisation: PABPC4 (1p34.3); CCNE2 (8q22.1); HAUS6 (9p22.1); CWF19L1 (10q24.31); and CCDC92 (12q24.31). Combined with enrichment analyses, clarifying cell-type specificity with single-cell RNA-seq data indicated that most TWAS-identified candidate genes appear more likely to be associated with adipocytes in VAT. Knockdown experiments suggested that Pabpc4 likely contributes to regulating differentiation and energy metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our findings provide new insights into the genetic basis and biological processes of the association between VAT accumulation and type 2 diabetes and warrant investigation through further functional studies to validate these VAT-specific candidate genes.

Graphical Abstract