bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The untold story of missing data in disaster research: a systematic review of the empirical literature utilising the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT)
Authors: Jones Rebecca Louise , Kharb Aditi , Tubeuf Sandy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Global disaster databases are prone to missing data. Neglect or inappropriate handling of missing data can bias statistical analyses. Consequently, this risks the reliability of study results and the wider evidence base underlying climate and disaster policies. In this paper, a comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted to determine how missing data have been acknowledged and handled in disaster research. We sought empirical, quantitative studies that utilised the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) as a primary or secondary data source to capture an extensive sample of the disaster literature. Data on the acknowledgement and handling of missing data were extracted from all eligible studies. Descriptive statistics and univariate correlation analysis were used to identify trends in the consideration of missing data given specific study characteristics. Of the 433 eligible studies, 44.6% acknowledged missing data, albeit briefly, and 33.5% attempted to handle missing data. Studies having a higher page count were significantly (p < 0.01) less prone to acknowledge or handle missing data, whereas the research field of the publication journal distinguished between papers that simply acknowledged missing data, with those that both acknowledged and handled missing data (p < 0.100). A variety of methods to handle missing data (n = 24) were identified. However, these were commonly ad-hoc with little statistical basis. The broad method used to handle missing data: imputation, augmentation or deletion was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with the geographical scope of the study. This systematic review reveals large failings of the disaster literature to adequately acknowledge and handle missing data. Given these findings, more insight is required to guide a standard practice of handling missing data in disaster research.
The role of high conservation value areas to maintaining ecological balance in oil palm plantations PT. Waimusi Agroindah, South Sumatera
Authors: Nurjannah S , Kwatrina R T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Currently, oil palm plantations must carry out environmentally friendly plantation activities, one of which is by maintaining the biodiversity in or around the plantation area. Biodiversity can also reduce pest attacks that can reduce oil palm productivity. The research activities were carried out at PT. Waimusi Agroindah by conducting an inventory of plant, mammal, and bird species in HCV areas and oil palm plantations (young, medium, and mature palms). The results of the research in the HCV area showed that there were 4 types of trees, 10 types of poles, 7 types of saplings, 4 understorey plants and seedlings, 4 types of mammals, and 34 species of birds. Within the HCV area, three species of mammals protected by the government were found, namely the silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) as many as 3 individuals, and three species of birds, namely Haliastur indus, Elanus caerulaus, and Anhinga melanogaster. In the oil palm plantation area, only understorey stands were found, but various types of mammals and birds were found. The number of species of mammals and birds found in HCV areas is higher than in oil palm plantations. The number of vegetation types in the HCV area is more diverse so that it can be used as a place for wildlife to live, both for forage plants and nests. This shows the need for HCV areas in biodiversity conservation and as an ecological balancer in oil palm plantation areas.
The role of Leguminosae plants for soil fertility in oil palm plantations
Authors: Al Manar P , Hikmat A , Zuhud E A M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The greatest and most lucrative plantation product in Indonesia is palm oil. The availability of nutrients in the soil affects how oil palm plants grow and develop. To overcome the low availability of nutrients in the soil to meet the needs of plants, fertilization operations are required. The concept of a green economy necessitates that the palm oil industry limits its usage of chemical fertilizers as well as chemical pest and disease management. Oil palm plants require a variety of fertilizers that are rich in macronutrients (N, P, and K), secondary nutrients (Ca and Mg), and micronutrients (B, Zn, and Cu). The potential use of biodiversity as a soil fertility agent, such as Leguminosae plants, must be researched. The purpose of this study is to define the function of Leguminosae plants in oil palm farms’ soil fertility. Several scientific papers that were pertinent to the research issue were studied for literature as part of the data collection process. Oil palm plantations in Indonesia have implemented the planting of legume cover crops (LCC). Planting LCC suppresses weed growth, protects the soil from direct sunlight and raindrops, reduces surface runoff, maintains soil moisture, and increases soil fertility. Neustanthus phaseoloides var. javanicus, Calopogonium caeruleum, C. mucunoides, Mucuna bracteata, M. pruriens var. utilis, and Centrosema pubescens are a few Leguminosae plants that can be used as cover crops. In addition to these species, planting Parkia timoriana, P. speciosa, and Archidendron pauciflorum trees can help improve soil fertility. Oil palm plantations with legumes have a higher clay texture, an average pH of 6.0, and high levels of N-total, P, K, and C-organic, whereas non-legume oil palm plantations have a sandy texture and high dust, an average pH of 5.3, and very low levels of N-total, P, K, and C-organic. Legumes, in addition to being a cover crop, can also be used as animal feed and to increase nutrient levels in plants. Planting LCC in oil palm plantations can affect the nutrient content of forages that grow under oil palm trees because the root nodules of LCC contain rhizobium bacteria that function to fix nitrogen from the air and are converted by the nitrogenase enzyme into ammonium and nitrate as a source of N for the LCC. The concept of integrated plantations can be applied to oil palm plantations by using LCC, which has hampered the growth of oil palm plants as animal feed, and P. timoriana, P. speciosa, and A. pauciflorum trees as economically valuable food plants.
Using machine learning to predict dinitrogen molecule density by analyzing transient-dependent nonlinear pulse propagation in an air-filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Jimenez-Mejia R E , Alvarez Ocampo Carlos , Acuna Herrera Rodrigo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pulse propagation in air-filled hollow core photonic crystal fibers has been well investigated within the last decade to generate nonlinear phenomena such as pulse compression, frequency conversion, supercontinuum (SC) generation, among others, in a highly reliable and reproducible manner. In this work, we extend the analysis to take into account the recently evidenced pulsewidth dependency of the nonlinear refraction index of air and the effects of its molecular composition, showing that this latter plays a drastic influence on the rotational Raman response as well as the nonlinear refractive index. Our study focuses on the dispersive wave and SC generation, presenting distinct effects on the spectrum due to the pulsewidths dependency along the propagation path, evidencing different spectral broadening features depending on the initial pulsewidth. Based on these results we propose a deep learning algorithm that can predict the dinitrogen molecule particle-density of an air sample from different atmospheric conditions with a relative error lower than 3%.
Effect of angle interlocking/plain weave compound fabric system on mechanical properties of aramid epoxy resin composites
Authors: Xu Zhenzhen , Ma Xiang , Yang Li , Hu Qiaole 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Preform is one of the important factors affecting the mechanical properties of textile composites. To further reflect the influence of the preform structure on the mechanical properties of composite materials, the angle interlocking and plain weave structures are configured in a certain proportion to form a composite fabric with both structures. The results show that the compound fabric preform has a positive effect on the improvement of the mechanical properties of AERC. An increase in the proportion of angle interlocking organization configuration in the compound fabric system is beneficial to the increase in tensile strength of AERC. In this experiment, when the ratio of angle interlocking structure and plain weave structure in the compound fabric system is 3:1, the tensile strength of AERC increases significantly, which is 80.98% higher than that of AERC with angle interlocking preformed structure. When the preform is made of compound fabric, the bending properties of AERC are greatly improved, and the bending strength is also increased 1.20 times compared to the AERC with angle interlock structure as the preform. When the ratio of angle interlock weave and plain weave in the compound fabric system is 1:3, the bending strength of AERC increases 1.81 times the maximum. The proportion of two fabric structures in the compound fabric system has a significant impact on the impact properties of AERC. The increase in the proportion of plain weave in the compound fabric system is not conducive to the increase in impact strength of AERC, and the large proportion of corner interlock configuration is conducive to the increase in bending strength of AERC. When the ratio of angle interlocking structure to plain weave structure is 2:1, the AERC has the maximum impact strength of 33.14 KJ/m2, which is increased by 26.28%.
Direct evidence for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering in cropland soil
Authors: Holzer Iris O , Nocco Mallika A , Houlton Benjamin Z 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Enhanced weathering of soil-applied crushed silicate rocks may remove substantial atmospheric carbon dioxide; however, field testing of this negative emission technology is lacking. Models have suggested that enhanced weathering could, in principle, remove billions of tons of CO2 each year across global croplands, but methodological limitations have hindered direct measurement of CO2 sequestration via crushed rock amendments in agriculture. Further questions remain concerning the efficacy of this technology in arid climates. Here we provide direct evidence of rapid CO2 removal via enhanced weathering in soil pore water samples from a corn (Zea mays L.) cropping system in California. From December through February, during an extreme drought in our study region, we demonstrate a 2.6 to 2.9-fold increase in in situ bicarbonate alkalinity in response to additions of metabasalt and olivine fines. We provide a field analysis of carbon removal via silicate rock amendments and suggest enhanced weathering can remove carbon dioxide even under moisture-limited conditions.
Device design principles and bioelectronic applications for flexible organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Gao Lin , Wu Mengge , Yu Xinge , Yu Junsheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) exhibit significant potential for applications in healthcare and human-machine interfaces, due to their tunable synthesis, facile deposition, and excellent biocompatibility. Expanding OECTs to the flexible devices will significantly facilitate stable contact with the skin and enable more possible bioelectronic applications. In this work, we summarize the device physics of flexible OECTs, aiming to offer a foundational understanding and guidelines for material selection and device architecture. Particular attention is paid to the advanced manufacturing approaches, including photolithography and printing techniques, which establish a robust foundation for the commercialization and large-scale fabrication. And abundantly demonstrated examples ranging from biosensors, artificial synapses/neurons, to bioinspired nervous systems are summarized to highlight the considerable prospects of smart healthcare. In the end, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for flexible OECTs. The purpose of this review is not only to elaborate on the basic design principles of flexible OECTs, but also to act as a roadmap for further exploration of wearable OECTs in advanced bio-applications.
Temperature analysis of TG FinFET on electrical, RF and distortion parameters for wireless applications
Authors: Ansari Mohd Umer , Jha Pulkit , Sharma Manan , Mishra Varun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article proposes four Triple Gate (TG) FinFET structures with variations in fin height and fin width with 22 nm gate length on SOI substrate. The four different structures are presented in terms of (fin height, fin width) such as D1(20 nm, 22 nm), D2(10 nm and 20 nm), D3(8 nm and 18 nm), and D4(6 nm and 16 nm). The objective is to investigate the effect of fin dimensions on the DC characteristics of the FinFET structures. Upon analyzing the DC characteristics, it is observed that D1 had an order of leakage current of 10−10 A, while D4 had 10−14 A. Additionally, D1 and D4 exhibited a change in subthreshold swing (SS) of 30%, with D1 having a value of 78.1 mV/decade and D4 having 60.0 mV/decade. The RF metric gate-to-gate capacitance reduced from D1 to D4 by 90%, and the threshold voltage of D4 was found to be 0.342 V. Based on these findings, D4 structure had better optimized results. Furthermore, temperature is varied on the D4 structure from 300 K to 500 K; electrical, RF, and distortion parameters were analyzed thoroughly. It is observed that the RF parameters reduced while the temperature increased, with transconductance frequency product (TFP), gain frequency product (GFP), and cut-off frequency (fT) decreasing by 92.1%, 98.5%, and 92.4%, respectively. However, the distortion parameters slightly increased with an increase in temperature. VIP2, VIP3, gm2, gm3, and IMD3 decreased, indicating that the device performance in wireless applications increases with increasing temperature. Overall, findings suggest that the D4 (6 nm and 16 nm) structure is a promising candidate for wireless applications, especially those that require high-temperature operation.
Real-time attribution of the influence of climate change on extreme weather events: a storyline case study of Hurricane Ian rainfall
Authors: Reed Kevin A , Wehner Michael F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As the Earth continues to warm due to human greenhouse gas emissions, there is a growing need to efficiently communicate the effect that global warming has on individual extreme weather events. Using a storyline approach, we present a rapid attribution of the increase in rainfall over Florida during Hurricane Ian in 2022 due to climate change as a case study. We find that extreme accumulated rainfall amounts associated with Hurricane Ian increased by 18%, far in excess of what would be expected by Clausius–Clapeyron scaling. The study offers a blueprint for rapid operational climate change attribution statements about extreme storms and other very rare weather events.
The evolution of flower–pollinator trait matching, and why do some alpine gingers appear to be mismatched?
Authors: Wang Bo , Tong Ze-Yu , Xiong Ying-Ze , Wang Xiao-Fan , Scott Armbruster W , Huang Shuang-Quan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Morphological matching between flower and pollinator traits has been documented in diverse plant lineages. Indeed, the matching of corolla tube length and pollinator tongue length has been cited repeatedly as a classic case of coevolution. However, there are many possible evolutionary routes to trait matching. Our aim here is both to review the evolutionary mechanisms of plant–pollinator trait matching and to investigate a specific case of trait matching/mismatching in a genus of alpine gingers.

Methods
Roscoea gingers with long corolla tubes in the western Himalayas have pollinators with correspondingly long tongues, but the match between corolla tube and pollinator tongue lengths is not seen in the eastern Himalayas. Six floral traits were measured, including corolla tube depth, an internal trait controlling pollinator access to nectar. We calculated coefficients of variation and phylogenetically controlled correlation patterns of these traits in six Roscoea species in order to gain possible insights into stabilizing selection and modularization of these traits.

Key Results
The distal (nectar-containing) portion of the corolla tube exhibited lower coefficients of variations than did the basal portion. This is consistent with the hypothesis that pollinators mediate stabilizing selection on the distal, but not basal, portion of the corolla tube. This result, combined with phylogenetic data, suggests that the elevated liquid level of nectar in the distal tube evolved subsequent to dispersal into the eastern Himalayan region and loss of long-tongue pollinators. After accounting for phylogeny, corolla tube length, anther length, style length and labellum width were all intercorrelated. Corolla-tube depth was not part of this covariational module, however, suggesting separate adaptation to short-tongued pollinators.

Conclusions
The reduction in functional corolla tube depth in the Roscoea appears to be related to the loss of long-tongued pollinators associated with dispersal to the eastern Himalayas and pollination by short-tongued pollinators. The apparent mismatch between floral tubes and pollinator tongues is a case of cryptic trait matching between flowers and pollinators, underscoring the importance of combining floral anatomy with pollination ecology in assessing plant–pollinator trait matching.
The Anatomy of the Frontalis Muscle Revisited: A Detailed Anatomic, Clinical, and Physiologic Study
Authors: Angrigiani Claudio , Felice Fernando , Rancati Alberto O , Rios Hugo , Rancati Agustin , Bressan Melisa , Ravera Karina , Nahabedian Maurice Y 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
There are differing opinions regarding the specific mechanical forces related to contraction of the frontalis muscle and how it exerts its effects on eyebrow motion.

Objectives
The goal of this study was to perform a detailed anatomic and clinical study of the frontalis muscle in cadavers and patients to better define the movement of the frontalis muscle.

Methods
This study consisted of 4 arms, which included: (1) dynamic ecography to evaluate movement of the frontalis muscle, (2) anatomical study of the relationship between the frontalis muscle and the deep fascia, (3) histological study to define the frontalis muscle attachments, and (4) clinical study to evaluate the action of the frontalis muscle in patients undergoing a temporal facelift.

Results
The frontalis muscle was attached, inserted, and adhered to the deep layer of the fascia in the superior cephalic and middle third of the forehead. In the superior cephalic third of the forehead, loose areolar tissue was observed deep to the frontalis muscle and the deep layer of the fascia. Within the middle third of the forehead, the deep layer of the galea was fused with the periosteum and firmly adhered. In the inferior caudal third of the forehead, the frontalis muscle was separated from the deep galeal aponeurosis and interdigitated with the orbicularis muscle. When the frontal muscle end was dissected free from the deep fascia by approximately 1 cm and pulled upward, no movement of the eyebrows was observed. Eyebrow elevation was only achieved by pulling on the inferior part of the muscle.

Conclusions
Frontalis muscle movement occurs from the inferior caudal end toward the mid-part of the muscle as it contracts centripetally on its superficial layer, sliding over the deep part strongly attached to the deep fascia.

Level of Evidence: 4
Alice in Lizardland: exploring the spatiotemporal speciation and morphological evolutionary rates in the highly diverse microteiid lizards (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)
Authors: Vásquez-Restrepo Juan D , Diago-Toro María F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Macroevolutionary analyses can identify patterns associated with the origin and diversification of species. Here, we gathered currently available genetic and morphological information to explore the diversification dynamics in a highly diverse family of squamate lizards, Gymnophthalmidae. We downloaded the available GenBank data for four genetic markers (12S, 16S, ND4, and c-mos) and generated a dated phylogenetic hypothesis to use as an operational framework. Using our time-calibrated tree, we conducted a Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures (BAMM) to explore macroevolutionary patterns for both speciation and phenotypic evolution. For the latter, we included two morphological traits: body size and leg development. We recovered six major clades commonly referred to as subfamilies, whose common ancestor was recovered between 78.15 and 81.68 Myr. Additionally, we found that the major accumulation of extant lineages occurred during the Miocene. Overall, all the evolutionary rates tended to be low, with particular clades exhibiting higher rates and different but not congruent points of acceleration along the tree. These findings indicate that speciation and phenotypic evolution in this lizard group are heterogenic and decoupled, but several pulses of diversification have occurred. Geographically, we found older lineages to be concentrated in the Amazon and the Guiana Shield, whereas higher speciation rates are found in the tropical Andes and its adjacent lowlands.