bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Mineral Micronutrient on some Qualitative Traits and Yield of Sweet Pepper Under Protected Cultivation System in Calcareous Soil
Authors: Al-Ogaidi Ziyad A. Humod , Alwan Bushra Mahmoud 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the 2020/2021 agricultural season, a private greenhouse farm in Al-Madaen city/Old Diyala Bridge/Western Tuwaitha Village (N 44,29,47-E 36,33,11) studied the influence of mineral micronutrients on biofortification, growth, and yield of sweet pepper cultivated on calcareous soil. Dutch Oloumpus peppers were planted. The plastic home grew seedlings on 11/11/20202. Nutrients (50 mg Fe) were employed. 60 mg Zn/L. 30 mg Mn/L. L-1 and 25 mg Cu. L-1) of the following salts: ferrous sulfate FeSO4.7H2O Fe=20%, zinc sulfate ZnSO4.7H2O Zn=22.78%, manganese MnSO4.H2O Mn=32.54%, copper CuSO4.5H2O Cu= 25.45%, successively. The split plot design factor experiment had three replications and two techniques of delivering nutrients: spraying the shoots and irrigation. Each technique of addition had 16 treatments, including single, double, triple, and quadruple additions of the nutrients employed in the experiment plus a reference treatment. The first addition came after two weeks of field cultivation, and subsequent addition was one week apart. N, P, and K were utilized at 425, 175, and 250 kg.h-1, respectively. The Fe treatment of irrigation water and the Fe+Mn+Cu treatment of sprayed shoots yielded the greatest vitamin C content of 23.57 mg.100gm-1 fresh weight. The Fe+Mn+Cu treatment had the greatest total soluble solids (TSS) value of 5.8, and all spray application treatments outperformed irrigation water on the vegetative system. Fe+Cu had the highest leaf chlorophyll index of 74.68. The maximum cumulative output was 159.15 Mg.h-1 for Fe+Zn+Mn spraying on shoots.
Effect of Foliar Spray of Nano Nitrogen and Bread Yeast on some Vegetative Growth of Pepper Plants
Authors: Salloom Yasamen F. , Mejbel Manal H. , Obaid Mohammad. H. , Al-Hchami Salah H. J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The College of Agriculture - Sumer University conducted a field experiment in 2019 to explore the effects of spraying pepper plants with nano-nitrogen and yeast extract on various vegetative features. Two variables’ effects were investigated in this experiment. Spraying pepper seedlings with three different concentrations of nano nitrogen (0, 2, 4 mlliter-1) and three different concentrations of yeast extract were the first two factors (0, 3, 6 g L-1). With three repetitions and nine experimental units per duplicate, the experiment was conducted in a fully randomized block design (RCBD). According to the findings, spraying with nano-nitrogen N2 resulted in a significant increase in the plant height and stem diameter, as well as an increase in leaf area and chlorophyll content in the leaves compared to the control treatment with N0. In contrast to spraying with yeast extract, the spraying treatment Y2 was more effective in terms of plant height and stem diameter, the number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content in the leaves and percentages of N, P and K in the leaves than the control treatment Y0.
Micropropagation of Three Citrus Rootstocks by Tissue Culture
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed A. A. R. M. , Kasab Bashi Ammar Z. , Alwan Jassim M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The experiments were conducted in the Laboratory of Tissue culture/Department of Forestry/College of Agriculture and Forestry/the University of Mosul. To propagate three citrus rootstocks (Citrus aurantium L., Citrumelo swingle, and Cariso 35 (C35))In vitro. During the Initiation stage, the single nodes were planted on a solid MS medium supplemented with five concentrations of BA (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-1). After four weeks, the best significant percentage of response for Cariso35 and Citrumelo swingle, while the highest value of BA effect was at 2 mg BA L-1(96.67%). The No. of shoots there are nonsignificant differences, While the best No. of the shoot (1.41) obtained at 2 mg BA L-1, The highest significant shoot length (2.14cm) was obtained at Cariso35 compared with other rootstocks, so that, 1mg BA L-1 was achieved (2.01 cm). At the multiplication stage, Citrumelo swingle achieved the highest significant value (2.68shoots), whereas adding 4 mg BA L-1 gave the best significant No. shoots (3.10). as soon as, the shoot length (1.03cm) was obtained for Cariso35, while control treatment achieved a significant increase in shoot length (1.30cm) which differ significantly from other treatments. The highest significant number of leaves was (11.50 leaves) for Citrumelo swingle, while BA at 2 mgL-1 was dominated value achieved at 11.00 leaves. In the rooting stages, the best rooting percentage was 60% for Cariso 35 cultured on MT solid medium, but a non-significant difference between all IBA concentrations. While the significant No. of roots was 3.28 obtained from Citrumelo swingle, and the concentration 1.5 and 2 mg IBA L-1 achieved the highest significant values (2.90 and 2.24 root) respectively. Citrumelo swingle and the 1.5 mg IBA L-1 gave the shortest significant duration to formed roots which were 21.56 and 18.60 days respectively.
Detection of Deoxynivaenol (DON) Toxin in some Samples of Corn Chips and Corn Flex Collected from Local Markets
Authors: Ali Shaimaa A. M. , Mutlaq Shahad R. , Badwy Amin S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Eighteen samples of yellow corn chips, popcorn and corn flex of various origins were collected from local markets in Tikrit. In order to detect the fungal contamination of these samples, it cultured on the potato dextros agar (PDA), with three replicates for each sample. Also, the test for the presence of Deoxynivalenol toxin (DON) were done, using an ELISA kit. The results were showan that there are five types of fungi that contaminate the samples under study with varying proportions. It was found that all samples were contaminated with Penicillium spp., while Nine samples were contaminated with Aspergillus niger, and. Six samples were contaminated with Fusarium spp.. However, Cladosporium herbarum was appeared in three samples only, and Aspergillus tiresias was present in only two samples. The results for the detection of DON toxin were shown that all samples were contaminated with DON toxin but with dissimilar concentrations. The highest concentration (3.69 mg/kg )was found in the Buwak Gypsum sample, but the lowest concentration (71.5 mg/kg) was found in the Egyptian corn flakes sample. All concentrations of DON toxin found in the samples were higher than the allowable average value (0.3-2.0) mg/kg) in wheat and maize grains, and (0.75 mg/kg) in wheat flour, these values were approved by the European Union countries.
The Role of Levels and Times of Application of Super Micro Plus Nanofertilizer on some Growth Characteristics and Stems Yield of Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L.
Authors: Alghargan Nidhal Y. A. , Almubarak Nadir F. A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields of Muqdadiya region during the season 2022-2023 to study the role of spraying with nanofertilizer called Super Micro Plus at levels (0, 1, 2 and 3) g/L as a first factor and with spraying times (the beginning of the tillering stage, the beginning of the elongation stage, and the beginning of the maturity stage) as a second factor in some growth characteristics and stems yield of sugarcane, variety Cp 89. The experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized blocks design with three replications, and the data were analyzed statistically, the results showed the following: 1. The use of nanofertilizer at a level of 2 g/L resulted in a significant increase in the number of total stems, stem height, stem diameter, leaf area and number of green leaves, as they reached 57.8, 160.7 cm, 30.7 mm, 1126.1 cm2/plant and 10.1 leaf/plant respectively. It also caused an increase in the mean of stems yield, reaching 61.5 tons/ha, with an increase of 56.1 %. 2. The spraying of nanofertilizer at the beginning of the tillering stage resulted in a significant increase in the number of total stems, stem diameter, leaf area and number of green leaves, reached to 61.6, 31.8 mm, 1127.9 cm2/plant and 9.9 leaf/plant respectively, and a decrease in the mean of stem height, as it reached to 155 cm. It also caused an increase in the mean of stems yield as it reached 53.6 tons/ha. 3. Spraying the plants with nanofertilizer at the level of 2 g / L at the beginning of the tillering stage resulted in highest increase in the mean number of total stems, stem diameter, leaf area and number of green leaves, reached to 69.4, 33.1 mm, 1187.5 cm2/plant and 11.7 leaves / plant respectively. And a decrease in mean of stem height, as it reached 153 cm. It also achieved the highest significant increase in the mean of stems yield, reached to 66 tons / ha, an increase of 67.5 %.
Molecular Identification of Peach Fruit Fly Bactrocera zonata and its Symbionts in Karbala Province, Iraq
Authors: Gaduaa Alaa A. , Kareem Ali A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Bactrocera zonata is a fruit tree pest that typically attacks and causes heavy damage in fruit production using its sucking mouth. Researchers have started to distinguish them through molecular characterization and sequencing to control this pest. Mitochondrial genes such as COI (mtCOI) are commonly used as barcoding for identifying eukaryotes and counting insects. In the current study, the mtCOI gene has been amplified. Three samples from five locations in Karbala city were sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method. Also, symbionts bacteria linked with this insect were molecularly identified by sequencing. Four different sequences of B. zonata showed genetic diversity, and three different endosymbionts, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Acidithiobacillus sp., and Bacterium symbiont of B. zonata were molecularly identified. Different computational tools were used to compare sequences with related sequences retrieved from databases. Associated species were identified through phylogenetic analysis using the MEGA X software and confirmed with available GenBank databases. Pairwise sequence alignment showed the sequence identity of about 99% with Bactrocera zonata.
The Effect of Spraying with the Hormone Brassinolide on the Production of Oil and Glycosides of Goat Pea (Securigera securidaca)
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Yassin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in Diyala Governorate during the winter season 2020-2021 to evaluate the effect of spraying three concentrations of Brassinolide hormone (1, 2 and 3 ppm) in addition to the control treatment (0 ppm) and three dates of spraying (after 20,40 and 60 days of germination) in the production of oil and total glycosides in Securigera securidaca seeds, by using a factorial experiment according to the randomized complete block design. The results showed that the spraying treatment with a concentration of 2 ppm was superior in seed yield, content and yield of oil, and content of total glycosides in the seeds, which reached 9.76 g/plant, 4.00%, 15.43 kg/ha and 1.770 mg/100 g seeds respectively, while the second date of spraying with the hormone Brassinolide was superior in seed yield, content and yield of oil, and total glycosides, reached 9.39 g/plant, 3.76%, 13.15 kg/ha and 1.750 mg/100 g seeds respectively. The results also show that the interaction treatment was superior at concentration 2ppm in the second date and gave the highest content and yield of oil and total glycosides which reached 4.24%, 17.54 kg/ha and 1.820 mg/100 g seeds respectively.
Effect of Activation of Cucumber Seeds with Different Concentrations of Zinc under Different Soaking Periods on Growth and Yield Characteristics (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Faiath Saieed E. , Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmood , Aljanabi Ali Razzaq , Aldabbagh Ehab Jabbar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the greenhouses of Fallujah University - Biotechnology and Environmental Center. During planting season (2021-2022), to determine the effect of three zinc concentrations (0, 8, 16) mg L-1 and three soaking periods (6, 12, 18) hours, on the growth and yield characteristics of the cucumber (queen variety). It was implemented as a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replicates, the results are summed up as follows: The concentrations of 8 and 16 mg L-1 of zinc were achieved by giving the highest average plant height (127.26 cm) and (130.56 cm), leaf area (3934 cm2) and (4582 cm2) plant-1, as well as the fruit length accorded 15.46 and 15.62 cm, respectively, and the plant yield reached 1.16 and 1.74 kg plant-1, respectively. Also, the concentration of 16 mg L-1 of zinc in yield per area (m2) reached 13.91 kg m2 was superior to the concentration of 8 mg L-1 zinc (9.26) kg m2, which was superior to the control (7.85) kg m2. As for the soaking periods, the 18-hour soaking period grants the highest average of plant height, leaf area, plant yield, and yield per area (m2), reaching 131.41 cm, 4385 cm2 plant-1, 1.45 kg plant-1, and 11.55 kg m2, respectively. While the 12-hour soaking treatment gave the highest average fruit length of 15.724 cm over the 18-hour soaking treatment, and it excelled the 6-hour soaking treatment in all studied characteristics except for the fruit diameter, which was not significant for all treatments used. The binary interaction between soaking at a concentration of 16 mg L-1 of zinc with a soaking period of 18 hours gave the highest average plant height, fruit length, plant yield and yield per area (m2) accorded 143.63 cm, 15.89 cm, 1.98 kg plant-1 and 15.82 kg m2, respectively. The effect of interference was non-significant for the mean of leaf area of the plant as well as the diameter of the fruit.
Agricultural Environment Pollution Factors and Methods of Treatment them from the Viewpoint of Agricultural Employees in Tikrit District, Salah Aldin Governorate
Authors: Al-Jumaliy Mahmood Hadies Jassim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The research aimed to determine the size of agricultural pollution environment from the point of view of agricultural employees in Tikrit district Salah al-Din Governorate and determining the difference in the respondents’ viewpoints about the size of the agricultural environment pollution according to the personal factors of agricultural employees represented in (age, gender, educational attainment, number of years’ service, work location, contact with information sources communication). After that arranging ways to deal with the pollution of the agricultural environment from the point of view of the respondents in descending order. The research included all agricultural employees working in the agricultural departments in the district of Tikrit, whose number is (68) employees. A simple random sample of 75% was taken, and thus the number of respondents became (51) respondents. A questionnaire was prepared to collect the data required for the research. Which included three sections. The first section included the personal factors of the respondents. The second section included (20) factors representing that caused the pollution in the agricultural environment, while the third section included (15) paragraphs representing methods of treatment the pollution of the agricultural environment. Several statistical methods were used to achieve the goals such as (ssps program, range, average and frequencies). The results showed that the size of the pollution of the agricultural environment is large and tends to average from the point of view of the respondents, as it was found that there is a significant difference in the averages of the categories of most of the studied factors. The researcher concluded the importance of treatment the causes of pollution and reducing its impact to maintain the growth and productivity of cultivated crops, and the need for the respondents to be exposed to modern sources of information about the risks of environmental pollution and methods to treat it, to enable them to take appropriate measures to reduce the impact of pollution in their work area. The researcher recommends reducing the activities that cause pollution of the agricultural environment and increasing the sources of information for agricultural extension workers to familiarize them with the causes and risks of environmental pollution and methods to treat it.
Cognitive Training Needs of Hybrid Maize Growers in Al-Naameh Village, Al-Alam District and its Relationship to some Variables
Authors: Shada Maha Saeed , Amin Haseeb Mahmood , Abdullah Ahmed Saker 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The research aimed to determine the cognitive training needs of the hybrid yellow corn growers in the village of Naameh / Al-Alam sub-district in general, to analyze the relationship between the following independent variables and the hybrid yellow corn farmers’ demand for cognitive training in the hamlet of Al-Naameh/Al-Alam subdistrict, and (age, educational level, type of possession, Number of working years in crop cultivation, sources of information). The research included all farmers of hybrid yellow corn in the village of Al-Naameh, whose number is (172), a random sample was taken at a rate of (35%), and thus the number of farmers became (60) farmers, the results showed that the highest value of cognitive training needs was within the middle category tending to rise, as The results showed that there is a significant correlation at the level (0.05) between (age, educational level, number of years of work in crop cultivation) and cognitive training needs. The researcher concluded that the majority of the respondents lacked sufficient knowledge of the cultivation of the hybrid yellow corn crop. With the increase in the number of years of work in the cultivation of the hybrid yellow corn crop, their experience in the field of crop cultivation increased, and thus their cognitive training needs decreased. The researcher recommends that the Salah El-Din Center for Agricultural Extension and Training pay attention to preparing training courses in the Al-Alam district that are conducted by specialists in the cultivation of the hybrid yellow corn crop, so that it includes the largest possible number of them to achieve the greatest amount of benefit. crop cultivation.
The Effect of Environmental Variables on the Distribution of some Submerged Aquatic Plants Eastern Al-Hammar and Al-Chebiyesh
Authors: Sabbar Amal Ali , Al-Saadi Sahar A. A. Malik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine some physical and chemical factors and their impact on the abundance and distribution of some submersible aquatic plants for four selected stations in the southern marshes, two stations in the Eastern Hammar marshes (Al-Burga and Al-Sada) and two stations in the Al-Chebiyesh marshes (Abu-Sobat and Al-Baghdadia). Water and plant samples were collected seasonally during the year 2018. The water temperature, electrical conductivity, water depth were estimated physical variables, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate concentration as well as chemical variables for water samples, as well as estimation of biomass, percentage of vegetation cover, and frequency of submerged plant species. The results showed that the highest water temperature was 34.45 °C in the Abu Sobat station during the summer, while the lowest temperature was recorded at 10.85 °C in the Al-Burga station during the winter. The highest depths of water during the winter in the Al-Sada station and the lowest depths in Al-Baghdadia station during the summer. The lowest value of dissolved oxygen was 4 mg/L in Al-Baghdadia during the summer, while the highest value was 9. The biomass, vegetation cover, and frequency were estimated for four plant species, which are the most present and widespread in the various study stations, which are includedCeratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Najas marina, Potamogeton perfoliatus. The percentage of similarity between the different study stations was also calculated.
The Effect of Adding Organic Matter on the Efficiency of Salts Leaching in the Soil Affected by Salinity
Authors: Hoshan Mohsin N. , Fakhir Salwa J. , Al-Essa Najlaa M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was implemented at the Agricultural Research Station / college of Agriculture / Basra University, Karma Ali, during the year 2021 to study the effect of adding organic matter in the efficiency of salts leaching in the soil affected by salinity using three types of organic residuses (cows, rice, and miaze ) and two levels From the addition (2 % and 4 %), where the leaching process took in five stages, and laboratory measurements were performed in soil models taken for two depths 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. The land plowed and was blessed, then the residule was added to mix to the soil with the surface layer. Soil measurements were taken after each stage of leaching, and the bulk density of the soil was measured after the end of the experiment, The measurements included: the electrical conducyivity of the soil solution, the concentration of dissolved sodium and dissolved chlorine in the soil solution and the bulk density. The results of the study showed that adding organic residule led to reducing electrical conductivity, the concentration of dissolved sodium, the concentration of dissolved chloride and the bulk density, and the decrease was more clear ’in cows treatment, as the fifth leaching stagewere more significant in reducing electrical conducctivity and the concentration of dissolved sodium and chloride in the soil solution and the bulk density of the soil, The concentration also significant 4% on the concentration 2% in reducing electrical conducyivity, sodium concentration and dissolved chlorine in the soil solution and the bulk density of the soil.