bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal trajectories of psychological resilience and cognitive impairment among older adults: Evidence from a national cohort study
Authors: Wang Peicheng , Li Ruihua , Chen Yanhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The relationship between resilience trajectories and cognitive health is not well understood. This study aimed to identify clusters of psychological resilience trajectories in a national sample of older adults and to examine the association with cognitive impairment over time.

Methods
This study used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018, and 2,788 respondents were included in this prospective analysis. Using a group-based trajectory modeling approach, we identified resilience trajectory groups over a 6-year period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between the resilience trajectory groups and cognitive impairment.

Results
Three distinct trajectories of psychological resilience, including decreasing resilience group (n=131, 4.7%), persistent middle resilience group (n=1,808, 64.8%), and persistent high resilience group (n=849, 30.5%). During the 6-year follow-up, compared to those with persistent high resilience, participants with persistent middle resilience (HR=1.40, 95%CI=1.11-1.75) and decreasing resilience (HR=2.31, 95%CI=1.65-3.23) remained consistently associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. The associations between resilience trajectories and cognitive impairment varied by lifestyle and health conditions.

Discussion
Psychological resilience is a relatively stable trait among older adults in China, with most individuals maintaining a persistently high or middle level of resilience throughout the follow-up period; however, declining psychological resilience was significantly associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Therefore, developing targeted interventions to strengthen psychological resilience in older adults is crucial for promoting cognitive health and successful aging.
Validation of the German registry of acute aortic dissection type A score for predicting 30-day mortality after acute type A aortic dissection surgery in a single Japanese aortic center
Authors: Kotani Shinsuke , Sakaguchi Genichi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the applicability of the German Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA) score in predicting 30-day mortality in Japanese patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and compared its predictive performance with that of the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II (EuroSCORE II).

METHODS
This single-center retrospective study involved 154 patients who underwent emergency surgery for ATAAD between January 2019 and April 2024. The GERAADA and EuroSCORE II were calculated for each patient. Predictive accuracy for 30-day mortality was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of mortality, and long-term outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.

RESULTS
The 30-day mortality rate was 11.0%. The GERAADA score showed an AUC of 0.80, indicating good discriminatory ability, while the EuroSCORE II demonstrated moderate performance with an AUC of 0.67 (P = 0.07). The GERAADA score significantly overestimated mortality in this cohort, whereas the EuroSCORE II underestimated it. Independent predictors of mortality included the use of catecholamines at referral. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a 1-year survival rate of 79.4% with an AUC of 0.72, demonstrating the GERAADA score’s utility as a predictor of long-term survival.

CONCLUSIONS
The GERAADA score provides accurate predictions of 30-day mortality in Japanese patients undergoing ATAAD surgery, comparable to the EuroSCORE II. This score demonstrates robust predictive ability for short- and long-term outcomes and may serve as a practical tool for risk stratification in ATAAD surgery.
Parametric finite element approximation of two-phase Navier–Stokes flow with viscoelasticity
Authors: Garcke Harald , Nürnberg Robert , Trautwein Dennis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work we present a parametric finite element approximation of two-phase Navier–Stokes flow with viscoelasticity. The free boundary problem is given by the viscoelastic Navier–Stokes equations in the two fluid phases, connected by jump conditions across the interface. The elasticity in the fluids is characterized using the Oldroyd-B model with possible stress diffusion. The model was originally introduced to approximate fluid-structure interaction problems between an incompressible Newtonian fluid and a hyperelastic neo-Hookean solid, which are possible limit cases of the model. We approximate a variational formulation of the model with an unfitted finite element method that uses piecewise linear parametric finite elements. The two-phase Navier–Stokes–Oldroyd-B system in the bulk regions is discretized in a way that guarantees unconditional solvability and stability for the coupled bulk–interface system. Good volume conservation properties for the two phases are observed in the case where the pressure approximation space is enriched with the help of an extended finite element method function. We show the applicability of our method with some numerical results.
cGAS-STING Aggravates Cartilage Degradation by Promoting Glycolysis in TMJOA
Authors: Dong Yanhua , Zhou Xueman , Zhang Zhenzhen , Liu Jiaqi , Wu Xiayanran , Xiang Jie , Zheng Yingcheng , Xiong Xin , Yi Yating , Liu Jin , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The abnormal mechanical stress has been considered as a major contributor of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), but the mechanism by which it leads to the degeneration of condylar cartilage remains elusive. The double-stranded (dsDNA)-sensing cGAS/STING pathway serves as a response mechanism in many sterile inflammatory responses. In the present study, we found that mechanical stress exerted on condyle chondrocytes induced dsDNA leakage from mitochondria to cytoplasm to activate STING. Upon activation, STING exacerbated cartilage degradation by suppressing the anabolism of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) and accelerating the catabolic activity. Furthermore, the promoted glycolysis in chondrocytes was identified as a central mechanism in the onset of TMJOA, with critical rate-limiting enzymes downstream of STING. Our study not only establishes an important link between the intrinsic TMJOA suppressor activity of STING and chondrocyte metabolism, but also has critical implications for the development of STING-targeted therapeutic modalities of TMJOA.
Sex-related adaptive responses in the carbon balance to diurnal variation in the dioecious species Morus alba
Authors: Huang Xudong , Wang Yixia , Wang Yaman , Yan Meijing , Zhang Chunyan , Xu Xiao , Dong Tingfa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The carbon balance processes of plants in response to diurnal environmental changes are critical for their growth and survival. While sex-specific responses in photosynthesis to environmental stress have been observed in several dioecious plant species, the diurnal dynamics of carbon balance in male and female individuals remain unexplored. Here, we investigated the diurnal variations of photosynthetic rate (A), dark respiration rate (Rd), A/Rd, and the concentration, pool, and allocation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) of male and female mulberry (Morus alba) seedlings. Males exhibited the highest A at 09:00, while females had the highest A and Rd at 13:00. Male A was higher than female A at 09:00, whereas male Rd was lower than female Rd at 13:00. The A/Rd was higher in males than in females. The peak of NSC concentration in males was earlier than in females, and the NSC concentration and storage in the whole plant, leaves, and bark were generally higher in males than in females across most time points. The average NSC allocation followed the leaves &gt; roots &gt; bark ≈ trunk trend, but its dynamic changes over the daily cycle were more pronounced in females than in males. These findings suggest that carbon balance processes in mulberry seedlings exhibit sex-specific responses to diurnal changes, with females displaying greater sensitivity to these variations. This study is the first to explore such responses in woody plants and suggests that future carbon cycle models for terrestrial plants should incorporate plant sex.
Fungal Infections in People Who Use Drugs
Authors: Portugal Gonzales Jose , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Illicit drug use in the United States continues to rise, alongside an increasing number of severe infections associated with drug use. Surveillance studies report that 28–34% of candidemia cases are linked to intravenous drug use, with Candida albicans being the most commonly isolated species, followed by Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata. Marijuana use is associated with lung infections caused by Aspergillus and the Mucorales, showing a 3.5-fold increased risk of mold infections and a 2.2-fold increased risk for other fungal infections. Intravenous drug use also presents a recognized risk factor for Aspergillus and Mucorales infections. Additionally, substances like cannabis, methamphetamines, and opioids share metabolic pathways with triazoles, a class of antifungal, and terbinafine through the CYP enzyme system. These antifungal drugs strongly inhibit CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, leading to potential drug interactions, adverse effects, overdose risks, and even death.
EEG slow oscillations and overnight spatial navigational memory performance in CPAP-treated obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Mullins Anna E , Parekh Ankit , Kam Korey , Valencia Daphne I , Schoenholz Reagan , Fakhoury Ahmad , Castillo Bresne , Roberts Zachary J , Wickramaratne Sajila , Tolbert Thomas M , Hwang Jeongyeon , Blessing Esther M , Bubu Omonigho M , Rapoport David M , Ayappa Indu , Osorio Ricardo S , Varga Andrew W 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exerts pathogenic effects through a combination of sleep fragmentation (SF) and intermittent hypoxia (IH). The mechanisms through which sleep disruption impacts memory might arise by investigating disruption of specific sleep stages and, when such disruption occurs through OSA, by evaluating the individual contributions of SF and IH. Given region-specific EEG slow activity during non-REM sleep has been associated with overnight declarative, motor and spatial memory formation, we investigated the effects of disrupting slow wave sleep (SWS) on a virtual maze navigation task. Thirty three participants (24 male, 56 years old [range 28-68 years] with OSA (baseline AHI4%&gt;20/hour) who were habitually well-treated and adherent to CPAP completed 3 timed trials on a 3D spatial maze before and after polysomnographically (PSG) recorded sleep. We restricted CPAP withdrawal to SWS through real-time monitoring of the PSG under three conditions: 1) stable-SWS on therapeutic CPAP, 2) SWS-CPAP withdrawal containing SF and IH, and 3) SWS-CPAP withdrawal with supplemental oxygen containing SF with reduced IH. SWS-specific CPAP withdrawal (with or without supplemental oxygen) did not significantly impact EEG slow oscillation or spatial navigational memory, despite effectively reducing %SWS and SWS bout length. Greater regional EEG slow oscillation (0.6-1Hz), but not delta (1-4Hz) activity, was associated with improvements in overnight memory during stable SWS in the CPAP condition. These observations suggest that slow oscillations may be important for overnight memory processing, and sleep disruptions of sufficient magnitude to reduce slow oscillations may be required to capture demonstrable change in spatial navigation performance.
Assessment of Occupational Exposure in Some Radiology Departments in Ghana
Authors: Akyea-Larbi K.O. , Gbeddy Gustav , Amoatey Edith , Manteaw Philip , Otoo F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Medical workers account for about 75% of all workers exposed to ionizing radiation; therefore, occupational radiation protection is still a challenge in clinical practices and, consequently, measures should be put in place to optimize radiation in clinical practice. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the occupational radiation dose for staff in some selected radiology departments in Ghana as a precursor for optimization studies. Methods: A total of 68 occupationally exposed workers (OEWs) radiation dose history for 5 facilities have been analyzed. This study is a retrospective study that involves the assessment of the dose records of occupational exposed workers in five radiology departments in the Greater Accra region of Ghana from the Radiation Protection Institute of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) dose records history. The OEWs included in the study were radiographers/technologists, radiologist, physicians, medical physicists, and nurses. These records were collected and assessed for a period of 5 years (2019-2023). TLDs are worn under the lead aprons to estimate Hp (10) or deep dose and on aprons for Hp (0.07) or skin dose. Results: A total of 68 OEWs’ dose histories for 5 facilities have been analyzed. It was observed that the average annual effective dose for all workers throughout the study period ranged from 0.29 ± 0.07 mSv to 0.41 ± 0.05 mSv. The variations in the mean annual dose for the OEWs for the facilities in the study could be due to the number of OEWs that were monitored and the type and quantity of equipment at the facility during the year under review. Conclusion: The occupational radiation dose for OEWs in some selected radiological departments in Ghana have been evaluated. The facility with the highest number of OEWs recorded relatively higher mean annual effective dose. The annual effective doses were lesser than the yearly occupational dose limit of 20 mSv as recommended by national and international guidelines.
Assessing gastrointestinal system dysfunction in intensive care
Authors: Bachmann Kaspar F. , Asrani Varsha M. , Reintam Blaser Annika 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
To summarize the current knowledge on the assessment of gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Recent findings
Clinical assessment is becoming more structured but remains largely subjective. Some instrumental tools to assess gastrointestinal motility have been developed but not yet widely applied in clinical practice. Imaging techniques offer a good method for static (i.e. nonfunctional) diagnostics but a standardized dynamic assessment at the bedside is currently unavailable. Recent studies on biomarkers have not provided convincing results for accurate evaluation of gastrointestinal function.

Summary
Clinical assessment remains the main tool for assessing gastrointestinal dysfunction. A single sign or symptom does not reflect gastrointestinal dysfunction adequately, and a set of variables might be needed. Studies on tools reflecting gastrointestinal motility and biomarkers for response to enteral nutrients, including absorption, are warranted.
Novel minimally invasive strategies for achieving source control in intra-abdominal infections
Authors: Wyland Clayton , Zeng Desmond , Sawyer Robert G. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
To provide an overview of recent advancements in minimally invasive intra-abdominal source control techniques.

Recent findings
There have been multiple recent advances in minimally invasive techniques for managing intra-abdominal infection or sepsis. Endoscopic based interventions include stenting, suturing, clip placement, and endoscopic vacuum therapy. Robotic surgery is becoming progressively more popular in emergency general surgery and offers comparable results compared to laparoscopic surgery with lower rates of conversion to open.

Summary
Endoscopic based interventions and minimally invasive surgery offer comparable outcomes to more invasive interventions with less morbidity for patients, though the ability to perform these techniques may not be limited to tertiary and quaternary health centers. Providers must use their clinical judgment to determine the best course of action.
Update on the management of acute liver failure
Authors: Nilsen Oliver , Fisher Caleb , Warrillow Stephen 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, life-threatening but potentially reversible clinical syndrome characterized by multiple organ failure secondary to the rapid loss of liver function. Key management challenges include severe cerebral oedema and complex treatments to support multiple organ failure. This review focuses on the fundamental principles of management and recent treatment advances.

Recent findings
Identifying the cause of ALF is key to guiding specific therapies. The early commencement of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) to control hyperammonaemia can now be considered an important standard of care, and plasma exchange may have a role in the sickest of ALF patients; however, other blood purification modalities still lack supporting evidence. Close monitoring, regular investigations, careful attention to neuroprotective measures, as well as optimizing general physiological supports is essential. Where possible, patients should be transferred to a liver transplant centre to achieve the best chance of transplant-free survival, or to undergo emergency liver transplantation if required.

Summary
This review outlines current principles of ALF management, emerging treatment strategies, and a practical approach to management in the ICU. These recommendations can form the development of local guidelines, incorporating current best evidence for managing this rare but often lethal condition.
Efficacy of levothyroxine on growth and development in children with congenital hypothyroidism: A meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Wenguan , Tu Lin 
Published: February 2025

Background:
The aim of this study is to systematically assess the efficacy of levothyroxine (L-T4) in the treatment of growth and development among children diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) through meta-analysis, with the ultimate goal to provide clinicians with a more robust and effective evidence-based foundation for treatment decisions.

Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive search of relevant literature from both domestic and international resources, and meticulously screened out clinical studies which meet our inclusion criteria, that is without any time restrictions and the deadline was September 25, 2024, and the language was limited to English and Chinese only. Subsequently, we integrated and analyzed the data using standard meta-analysis methodologies under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses rules, aiming to derive more precise and reliable conclusions by summarizing and comparing the findings of multiple studies.

Results:
A total of 17 studies with 5 diagnostic indexes of IQ, height, weight, head circumference, and bone age were included, and these studies collectively reported on 1934 patients, with 951 and 983 patients, respectively being divided into the experimental and control group. The included studies were of high quality, and the results of our meta-analysis showed that L-T4 treatment could effectively promote the physical development of children with CH. Specifically, children in the experimental group had a higher level of IQ [mean difference [MD] = 8.38, 95% confidence intervals [CI] (6.89, 987)], height [MD = 6.71, 95% CI (6.08, 7.35)], weight [MD = 1.31, 95% CI (1.14, 1.49)], head circumference [MD = 3.83, 95% CI (3.52, 4.13)], and bone age [OR = 3.49, 95% CI (2.15, 5.68)] compared to those in the control group.

Conclusion:
L-T4 is an effective drug for the treatment with CH in children, which significantly promote their growth and development while improving thyroid function. This finding provides strong evidence and support for clinicians, contributing to the progress and advancement in the field of CH treatment.
Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a DLBCL patient treated with rituximab and BTK inhibitor: A case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Wanyi , Wang Zechuan , Wu Huiqiang , Zeng Lili , Cai Nina , Zhuang Weihuang , Guo Jianxin 
Published: February 2025

Rationale:
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma characterized by high malignancy, rapid onset and aggressive clinical behavior. The disease exhibits considerable heterogeneity, which influences clinical and immunophenotypic characteristics, which in turn affect treatment outcomes and prognosis. Recently, targeted therapies have been introduced, offering improved therapeutic efficacy but with risks such as immunosuppression and opportunistic infections.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a patient diagnosed with DLBCL who experienced immunosuppression as a result of treatment with rituximab and a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which subsequently led to Strongyloides stercoralis infection.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with S. stercoralis infection, confirmed by appropriate diagnostic tests after the onset of clinical symptoms suggestive of parasitic infection.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with a combination of rituximab and a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor as part of her DLBCL therapy. Antiparasitic treatment was started after diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection.

Outcomes:
The patient’s infection was successfully managed with antiparasitic therapy, although the case highlights the need for vigilant monitoring of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with DLBCL due to the risk of opportunistic infections.

Lessons:
This case highlights the potential complications of targeted therapies in DLBCL, particularly the risk of opportunistic infections such as S. stercoralis. It highlights the importance of careful patient monitoring and prompt intervention to effectively manage such infections.
Warming with a composite warming strategy reduces intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing open hepatectomy for liver cancer: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Yi Nianxun , Wang Zhangling , Cui Ran 
Published: February 2025

Background:
This study investigated the application of a composite warming strategy in the perioperative care of patients who underwent open hepatectomy for liver cancer. The clinical efficacy of the composite warming strategy was observed and analyzed, and the factors causing hypothermia were discussed.

Methods:
From January 2020 to December 2021, 80 patients were selected for the study. The control group adopted perioperative forced-air warming measures, while the experimental group implemented a composite warming strategy. The clinical data of the 2 groups of patients were compared, and the factors influencing intraoperative hypothermia were explored.

Results:
The incidence of hypothermia in the composite warming strategy group was significantly lower than that in the forced-air warming group (P = .015). There were no significant differences in sex, age, BMI, stage of liver cancer, presence of liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, history of alcohol consumption, PLT, PT, pain score, length of hospital stay, etc, between the 2 groups (P > .05). However, there were significant differences in intraoperative fluid volume, anesthesia time, intraoperative blood loss, and PACU observation time (P < .05). Multivariate analysis revealed that intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluid replacement volume, and operation time were factors influencing intraoperative hypothermia (P < .05).

Conclusion:
The composite warming strategy plays a role in preventing hypothermia during open hepatectomy for liver cancer. The occurrence of hypothermia during open hepatectomy for liver cancer patients is related to intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluid replacement volume, and anesthesia time.