bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient isolation and purification of high‐purity tea saponins from industrial camellia oil production by porous polymeric adsorbents
Authors: Wang Mingming , Chen Qiqi , Hua Xiao , Yang Ruijin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecovery of high‐purity tea saponin (TS), a promising non‐ionic surfactant with well‐documented properties, is one of the major challenges to broadening its industrial applications. In this study, an innovative and sustainable strategy for the highly‐efficient purification of TS was developed by using well‐designed highly‐porous polymeric adsorbents.RESULTSThe prepared Pp‐A with controllable macropores (~96 nm) and appropriate surface hydrophobic properties was found more favorable for achieving high adsorption efficiency towards TS/TS‐micelles. Kinetic results showed the adsorption follows the pseudo‐second‐order model (R2 = 0.9800), and the Langmuir model is more qualified to explicate the adsorption isotherms with Qe‐TS ~ 675 mg g−1. Thermodynamic studies revealed the monolayer adsorption of TS was an endothermic process that was conducted spontaneously. Interestingly, ethanol‐driven desorption (90% v/v ethanol) of TS was rapidly (< 30 min) complete due to the possible ethanol‐mediated disassembling of TS‐micelles. A possible mechanism that involves the interactions between the adsorbents and TS/TS‐micelles, the formation and disassembling of TS‐micelles was proposed to account for the highly efficient purification of TS. Afterwards, Pp‐A‐based adsorption method was developed to purify TS directly from industrial camellia oil production. Through selective adsorption, pre‐washing, and ethanol‐driven desorption, the applied Pp‐A enabled the direct isolation of high‐purity TS (~96%) with a recovery ratio > 90%. Notably, Pp‐A exhibited excellent operational stability and is of high potential for long‐term industrial application.CONCLUSIONResults ensured the practical feasibility of the prepared porous adsorbents in purifying TS, and the proposed methodology is a promising industrial‐scale purification strategy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thermal Stable and Flexible Bio‐Based Polybenzoxazine with Epoxy‐Functionalized Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Hybrids
Authors: Kao Yang‐Chin , Chen Wei‐Cheng , EL‐Mahdy Ahmed F. M. , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Ejaz Mohsin , Kuo Shiao‐Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, a monofunctionalized bio‐based benzoxazine monomer (VAnBZ‐CN) is synthesized by condensation of vanillin, formaldehyde, and aniline, and a bifunctional epoxy‐functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS‐epoxy) is also prepared through hydrosilylation reactions with allyl glycidyl ether. By blending the inorganic PDMS‐epoxy with the VAnBZ‐CN benzoxazine monomer, an organic/inorganic hybrid material is formed, which exhibited enhanced thermal stability after thermal curing polymerization. The improved thermal stability observed in the hybrid material can be attributed to a combination of the formation of the triazine structure by VAnBZ‐CN and the presence of the inorganic part of PDMS‐epoxy on the surface. For example, the PDMS‐epoxy/VAnBZ‐CN = 1/1 hybrid showed the thermal decomposition temperature (Td10) of 309 °C, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of 165 °C, and the char yield of 54 wt.% after the thermal curing polymerization process conducted at 240 °C based on thermogravimetric (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA). Furthermore, the char yield of the hybrid material with PDMS‐epoxy/VAnBZ‐CN = 1/3 is higher than that both of pure VAnBZ‐CN and PDMS‐epoxy after the thermal curing polymerization process. This result indicates that the addition of PDMS‐epoxy resin can improve the formation of a char residue and then enhance the resistance to thermal decomposition for their overall thermal stabilities.
Kickstart in nursing home—Nursing students experiences of a model for active and collaborative learning in clinical placement
Authors: Tveit Bodil , Aamlid Hege , Amsrud Kirsten Eika , Helgesen Ann Karin , Raustøl Anne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore students' experiences from a pilot project testing out a model for active, collaborative learning in first‐year placement at a nursing home.BackgroundThere is a need for innovative learning activities and projects to improve clinical education in nursing homes. Active, collaborative approaches in placement learning may enhance students learning outcome.DesignThe study had a qualitative and explorative design, in which the experiences of students participating in the pilot were investigated through paired interviews at the end of their placement.MethodsTwenty‐two students participated in the study, and data from paired interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. COREQ reporting guidelines were used.ResultsThree themes emerged from the analysis: (1) The learning cell as facilitator for learning; (2) Discovering learning possibilities in nursing homes and (3) Applying tools and resources for learning.ConclusionsThe model could reduce tension and anxiety while helping the students focus on learning options and use their environment more actively for learning. Working with a learning partner seems to increase student learning through common planning, feedback and reflection. The study emphasises the importance of facilitating active learning through the scaffolding structures and configuration of the students' learning space.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study indicates the potential for introducing active and collaborative pedagogical models in clinical placement. The model can promote nursing homes as a conducive learning arena for nursing students and help prepare students for a future work role in a rapidly changing health care field.Patient or public contributionThe result of the research is shared and discussed with stakeholders prior to finalising the article.
The effect of propolis supplementation in improving antioxidant status: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Nazari‐Bonab Hamideh , Jamilian Parmida , Radkhah Nima , Zarezadeh Meysam , Ebrahimi‐Mameghani Mehrangiz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the effect of propolis supplementation on oxidative status, a key contributor to the etiology of many chronic diseases. A systematic search of multiple databases, including Web of Science, SCOPUS, Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar, was conducted from inception to October 2022 to identify articles examining the effect of propolis on glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A total of nine studies were included in the final analysis, and a random‐effects model was used to pool the estimated effects. Results showed that propolis supplementation significantly increased the levels of GSH (SMD = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.15, 5.18;I2 = 97.2%), GPX (SMD = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.07, 1.05;p = 0.025;I2 = 62.3%), and TAC (SMD = 3.26; 95% CI: 0.89, 5.62;I2 = 97.8%,p < 0.001). However, the effect of propolis on SOD was not significant (SMD = 0.05; 95% CI: −0.25, 0.34;I2 = 0.0%). Although the MDA concentration was not significantly decreased overall (SMD = −0.85, 95% CI: −1.70, 0.09;I2 = 93.3%), a significant decrease in MDA levels was observed at doses ≥1000 mg/day (SMD = −1.90; 95% CI: −2.97, −0.82;I2 = 86.4) and supplementation durations of less than 11 weeks (SMD = −1.56; 95% CI: −2.60, −0.51;I2 = 90.4). These results suggest that propolis is a safe supplement with a beneficial effect on GSH, GPX, and TAC levels and may be an effective adjunctive therapy for diseases where oxidative stress is a key factor in the etiology. However, further high‐quality studies are necessary to make more precise and comprehensive recommendations given the limited number of studies, clinical diversity, and other limitations.
MOF‐Based Solid‐State Proton Conductors Obtained by Intertwining Protic Ionic Liquid Polymers with MIL‐101
Authors: Zhang Shunlin , Xie Yuxin , Somerville Rosie J. , Tirani Farzaneh Fadaei , Scopelliti Rosario , Fei Zhaofu , Zhu Dunru , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolid‐state proton conductors based on the use of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials as proton exchange membranes are being investigated as alternatives to the current state of the art. This study reports a new family of proton conductors based on MIL‐101 and protic ionic liquid polymers (PILPs) containing different anions. By first installing protic ionic liquid (PIL) monomers inside the hierarchical pores of a highly stable MOF, MIL‐101, then carrying out polymerization in situ, a series of PILP@MIL‐101 composites was synthesized. The resulting PILP@MIL‐101 composites not only maintain the nanoporous cavities and water stability of MIL‐101, but the intertwined PILPs provide a number of opportunities for much‐improved proton transport compared to MIL‐101. The PILP@MIL‐101 composite with HSO4− anions shows superprotonic conductivity (6.3 × 10−2 S cm−1) at 85 °C and 98% relative humidity. The mechanism of proton conduction is proposed. In addition, the structures of the PIL monomers were determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis, which reveals many strong hydrogen bonding interactions with O/NH···O distances below 2.6 Å.
Silicon Oxycarbide Coatings Consisting of Defined Bottom–Up‐Grown Nanostructures
Authors: Artus Georg Robert Johannes , Bottone Davide , Seeger Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSilicon oxycarbide (SiOC) materials have arisen in the past few decades as a promising new class of glasses and glass‐ceramics thanks to their advantageous chemical and thermal properties. Many applications, such as ion storage, sensing, filtering, or catalysis, require materials or coatings with high surface area and might benefit from the high thermal stability of SiOC. This work reports the first facile bottom–up approach to textured high surface area SiOC coatings obtained via direct pyrolysis of polysiloxane structures of well‐defined shapes, such as nanofilaments or microrods. This work further investigates the thermal behavior of these structures by means of FT‐IR, SEM, and EDX up to 1400 °C. The rods shrink in volume by ≈30% while their aspect ratio remains unaffected by pyrolysis until at least 1100 °C. The nano‐sized filaments show signs of viscous flow already at a comparably low temperature of 900 °C which is very probably due to the nano‐size effect. This might open a way to experimentally study the size‐effect on the glass transition temperature of oxide glasses, an experimentally unexplored but very relevant topic. These structures have great potential, for example, as ion storage materials and supports in high temperature catalysis and CO2 conversion.
Carrollian approach to 1 + 3D flat holography
Authors: Saha Amartya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The isomorphism between the (extended) BMS4 algebra and the 1 + 2D Carrollian conformal algebra hints towards a co-dimension one formalism of flat holography with the field theory residing on the null-boundary of the asymptotically flat space-time enjoying a 1 + 2D Carrollian conformal symmetry. Motivated by this fact, we study the general symmetry properties of a source-less 1 + 2D Carrollian CFT, adopting a purely field-theoretic approach. After deriving the position-space Ward identities, we show how the 1 + 3D bulk super-translation and the super-rotation memory effects emerge from them, manifested by the presence of a temporal step-function factor in the same. Temporal-Fourier transforming these memory effect equations, we directly reach the bulk null-momentum-space leading and sub-leading soft graviton theorems. Along the way, we construct six Carrollian fields $$ {S}_0^{\pm } $$

S
0
±

, $$ {S}_1^{\pm } $$

S
1
±

, T and $$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

corresponding to these soft graviton fields and the Celestial stress-tensors, purely in terms of the Carrollian stress-tensor components. The 2D Celestial shadow-relations and the null-state conditions arise as two natural byproducts of these constructions. We then show that those six fields consist of the modes that implement the super-rotations and a subset of the super-translations on the quantum fields. The temporal step-function allows us to relate the operator product expansions (OPEs) with the operator commutation relations via a complex contour integral prescription. We deduce that not all of those six fields can be taken together to form consistent OPEs. So choosing $$ {S}_0^{+} $$

S
0
+

, $$ {S}_1^{+} $$

S
1
+

and T as the local fields, we form their mutual OPEs using only the OPE-commutativity property, under two general assumptions. The symmetry algebra manifest in these holomorphic-sector OPEs is then shown to be Vir $$ \overset{\wedge }{\ltimes \overline{\textrm{sl}\left(2,{\mathbb{R}}\right)}} $$

⋉

sl

2
ℝ

¯

∧

with an abelian ideal.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 CFT3’s from $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 gauged supergravity
Authors: Chamorro-Burgos Miguel , Guarino Adolfo , Sterckx Colin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We use holography and four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 gauged supergravity to collect evidence for a large class of interconnected three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 conformal field theories. On the gravity side, we construct a one-parameter family of ISO(3) × ISO(3) gaugings of half-maximal supergravity containing a rich structure of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 AdS4 solutions at fixed radius. By looking at excitations around these AdS4 solutions, the spectrum of low lying operators in the dual $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 CFT3’s is computed and further arranged into 𝔬𝔰(2|4) supermultiplets. Upon suitable removal of gauge redundancies, we identify the Zamolodchikov metric on the conformal manifold dual to the AdS4 moduli space, and recover previous results in the S-fold literature. Two special points of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetry enhancement occur. While one describes an S-fold CFT3 dual to a non-geometric type IIB twisted compactification, the string-theoretic realisation of the other, if any, is still lacking.
Symmetry resolved entanglement of excited states in quantum field theory. Part III. Bosonic and fermionic negativity
Authors: Capizzi Luca , Mazzoni Michele , Castro-Alvaredo Olalla A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In two recent works, we studied the symmetry resolved Rényi entropies of quasi-particle excited states in quantum field theory. We found that the entropies display many model-independent features which we discussed and analytically characterised. In this paper we extend this line of investigation by providing analytical and numerical evidence that a similar universal behavior arises for the symmetry resolved negativity. In particular, we compute the ratio of charged moments of the partially transposed reduced density matrix as an expectation value of twist operators. These are “fused” versions of the more traditionally used branch point twist fields and were introduced in a previous work. The use of twist operators allows us to perform the computation in an arbitrary number of spacial dimensions. We show that, in the large-volume limit, only the commutation relations between the twist operators and local fields matter, and computations reduce to a purely combinatorial problem. We address some specific issues regarding fermionic excitations, whose treatment requires the notion of partial time-reversal transformation, and we discuss the differences and analogies with their bosonic counterpart. We find that although the operation of partial transposition requires a redefinition for fermionic theories, the ratio of the negativity moments between an excited state and the ground state is universal and identical for fermions and bosons as well as for a large variety of very different states, ranging from simple qubit states to the excited states of free quantum field theories. Our predictions are tested numerically on a 1D Fermi chain.
Update Lipidologie
Authors: Parhofer Klaus G. 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von erhöhten Lipidwerten spielt in der Atheroskleroseprävention eine zentrale Rolle, wobei der Low-Density-Lipoprotein(LDL)-Cholesterin-Senkung mit Statinen und, wenn nicht ausreichend, mit Ezetimib, Bempedoinsäure und Inhibitoren der Proproteinkonvertase Subtilisin/Kexin Typ 9 (PCSK9) die größte Bedeutung zukommt. Auch wenn Lebensstilmaßnahmen das kardiovaskuläre Risiko stark beeinflussen können, spielen sie für die Absenkung des LDL-Cholesterin-Werts nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Für die Entscheidung, ob, und ggf. wie, intensiv eine Lipidsenkung durchgeführt werden soll, ist das kardiovaskuläre Absolutrisiko entscheidend. Die Zielwerte sind in den letzten Jahren aufgrund der Ergebnisse von Interventionsstudien weiter abgesenkt worden. Bei Patienten mit sehr hohem Risiko (z. B. Patienten mit manifester Atheroskleroseerkrankung) sollten ein LDL-Cholesterin-Wert < 55 mg/dl (< 1,4 mmol/l; Umrechnung: [mg/dl] • 0,02586 = [mmol/l]) und mindestens eine Halbierung des Ausgangswertes angestrebt werden. Hinsichtlich erhöhter Triglyzeridwerte, entweder isoliert oder bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung des LDL-Cholesterin-Werts, sind die Behandlungsziele weniger klar definiert, obwohl auch erhöhte Triglyzeridspiegel kausal mit Atheroskleroseereignissen verknüpft sind. Lebensstilmaßnahmen können die Triglyzeridspiegel deutlich absenken und sind oft effektiver als spezifische Triglyzeridsenker wie Fibrate und Omega-3-Fettsäuren. Neue Lipidsenker zur Behandlung bei stark erhöhten Triglyzerid- und erhöhten Lipoprotein(a)Werten sind in der Entwicklung, müssen ihren Nutzen aber erst in Endpunktstudien belegen.
„Man lasse sich ja nicht auf Diskussionen über ‚Samenverluste‘ ein“
Authors: Mildenberger Florian G. , Moll Friedrich H. 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungFelix Schlagintweit war Klinikassistent, Sanatoriumsbetreiber, Schriftsteller und Urologe in freier Praxis. Er verbesserte die diagnostischen Methoden des Faches (Zystoskop) wesentlich und interessierte sich für die Psychoanalyse. Einseitig operativen Therapien erteilte er ebenso eine Absage wie der alleinigen Konzentration auf die Somatik. Seiner Ansicht nach waren konservative Therapieoptionen oftmals mindestens ebenso wirksam. Da er sich auch politisch nicht anpassen wollte, wurde er spätestens nach 1933 aus dem fachinternen Diskurs getilgt und erst spät wieder entdeckt.
Evaluating the influence of 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams on prostate intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans
Authors: El Gendy Reham A. , Attalla Ehab M. , Elkerm Yasser M. , Alfarrash Ali 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to determine the effects of low- and high-energy intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) photon beams on the target volume planning and on the critical organs in the case of prostate cancer.

Methods
Thirty plans were generated by using either 6 MV or 15 MV beams separately, and a combination of both 6 and 15 MV beams. All plans were generated by using suitable planning objectives and dose constraints, which were identical across the plans, except the beam energy. The plans were analyzed in terms of their target coverage, conformity, and homogeneity, regardless of the beam energy.

Results
The mean percentage values of V70 Gy for the rectal wall for the plans with 6 MV, 15 MV, and mixedenergy beams were 16.9%, 17.8%, and 16.4%, respectively, while the mean percentage values of V40 Gy were 53.6%, 52.3%, and 50.4%. The mean dose values to the femoral heads for the 6 MV, 15 MV, and mixed-energy plans were 30.1 Gy, 25.5 Gy, and 25.4 Gy, respectively. The mean integral dose for the 6 MV plans was 10% larger than those for the 15 MV and mixed-energy plans.

Conclusion
These preliminary results suggest that mixed-energy IMRT plans may be advantageous with respect to the dosimetric characteristics of low- and high-energy beams. Although the reduction of dose to the organs at risk may not be clinically relevant, in this study, IMRT plans using mixed-energy beams exhibited better OAR sparing and overall higher plan quality for deep-seated tumors.
Dosimetric comparison of different multileaf collimators in volumetric modulated arc therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Zhang Fuli , Jiang Huayong , Xu Weidong , Wang Yadi , Gao Junmao , Liu Qingzhi , Lu Na , Chen Diandian , Yao Bo , Hou Jun , Chen Jianping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aiom of the study was to compare the impacts of two types of multileaf collimators (MLC) [standard MLC with a width of 10 mm (sMLC) and micro-MLC with a width of 5 mm (mMLC)] on volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Methods
VMAT for ten patients with inoperable malignant pleural mesotheliomas was retrospectively planned with the sMLC and mMLC. Histogram-based dose-volume parameters of the planning target volume (PTV) [conformity index (CI) and homogeneous index (HI)] and organs-at-risk were compared for VMAT plans with sMLC (sMLC-VMAT) and mMLC (mMLC-VMAT).

Results
The mMLC-VMAT plans were more efficient (average delivery time: 2.67±1.49 min) than the sMLC-VMAT plans (average delivery time: 4.21 ± 2.03 min; P < 0.05). Moreover, compared to the sMLC plans, the mMLC plans demonstrated advantages in the dose coverage of the PTV (CI 0.75 ± 0.08 vs 0.73 ± 0.09; HI 1.09 ± 0.02 vs 1.10 ± 0.02), although the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In addition, significant dose sparing in the fraction of the ipsilateral lung volume receiving > 20 Gy (V20; 54.72 ± 27.08 vs 58.52 ± 29.30) and > 30 Gy (V30; 42.74 ± 27.86 vs 46.86 ± 31.49) radiation, respectively, was observed for the mMLC plans (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Comparing sMLC-VMAT and mMLC-VMAT not only demonstrated the higher efficiency and better optimal target coverage of mMLC-VMAT, but also considerably improved the dose sparing of the ipsilateral lung in the VMAT plans for malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Ethanolic extract of propolis induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells in vitro ⁎
Authors: Shi Yan , Li Yana , Li Naie , Yu Min , Wang Dong , Kong Lijun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate whether ethanolic extract of propolis inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells.

Methods
HL-60 cells were treated for 24, 48, 72 h with various concentrations ethanolic extracts of propolis (0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). The proliferation of HL-60 cells was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Subsequently, Hochest 33258 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) were used to test the apoptosis of HL-60 cells. We observed the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in HL-60 cells by immunohistochemistry.

Results
MTT assay showed that various concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis had significant inhibitory effect on HL-60 cell proliferation (P < 0.05). Typical morphologic changes could be observed by fluorescence microscope and TUNEL. By immunohistochemistry, we found the expression level of Bax was up-regulated, whereas that of Bc1-2 was down-regulated (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Ethanolic extract of propolis inhibits leukemia cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio.