bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐rated health among adolescents from vulnerable areas and their sociodemographic, lifestyle and contextual factors: A multilevel analysis
Authors: de Sales Érika Nayara Benício Gonçalves , Barbosa Filho Valter Cordeiro , Maciel Gabriel Pereira , de Castro Victor Hugo Santos , de Bastos Patrícia Oliveira , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeUnderstanding self‐rated health in young people can help orient global health actions, especially in regions of social vulnerability. The present study analysed individual and contextual factors associated with self‐rated health in a sample of Brazilian adolescents.Design and MethodsCross‐sectional data from 1272 adolescents (aged 11–17; 48.5% of girls) in low human development index (HDI) neighbourhoods were analysed (HDI from 0.170 to 0.491). The outcome variable was self‐rated health. Independent variables relating to individual factors (biological sex, age and economic class) and lifestyle (physical activity, alcohol, tobacco consumption and nutritional state) were measured using standardised instruments. The socio‐environmental variables were measured using neighbourhood registered data where the adolescents studied. Multilevel regression was used to estimate the regression coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsGood self‐rated health prevalence was of 72.2%. Being male (B: −0.165; CI: −0.250 to −0.081), age (B: −0.040; CI: −0.073 to −0.007), weekly duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (B: 0.074; CI: 0.048–0.099), body mass index (B: −0.025; CI: −0.036 to −0.015), number of family healthcare teams in the neighbourhood (B: 0.019; CI: 0.006–0.033) and dengue incidence (B: −0.001; CI: −0.002; −0.000) were factors associated with self‐rated health among students from vulnerable areas.Conclusions/Practical ImplicationsApproximately three in every 10 adolescents in areas of social vulnerability presented poor self‐rated health. This fact was associated with biological sex and age (individual factors), physical activity levels and BMI (lifestyle) and the number of family healthcare teams in the neighbourhood (contextual).
Novel variants in the PAX6 gene related to isolated aniridia
Authors: Kuchalska Katarzyna , Wawrocka Anna , Krawczynski Maciej R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAniridia, which is a rare congenital defect of the eye, consists of iris hypoplasia or aplasia, and additional ocular abnormalities. It is most commonly caused by autosomal dominant PAX6 gene mutations. However, in about 30% of cases, it is associated with chromosomal rearrangements in the 11p13 region. The aim of this study was to identify the potential PAX6 gene variants, which could cause the isolated aniridia. Eight patients with isolated aniridia were included in this study. MLPA analysis allowed in the past to exclude large structural rearrangements of the PAX6 and adjacent genes like WT1. Blood samples were collected from the patients (and their families in familial cases) and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and buccal cells. The amplification of the 11 exons of the PAX6 gene was performed. Bidirectional Sanger Sequencing was conducted for the identification of the potentially pathogenic variants, and for the segregation analysis of the identified variant in the family. The results were analyzed with the use of CodonCode Aligner software. In three patients, aniridia was sporadic, whereas in another five cases, the eye defect was familial. The potentially pathogenic variants in the PAX6 gene were found in 6 out of 8 patients with aniridia. We identified four known (c.781C > T, c.607C > T, and c.949C > T twice), and two novel variants (c.258_265del and c.495_496insG). Point mutations in the PAX6 gene are the most frequent cause of aniridia. The investigation of the genetic background of the disease is essential for patients to evaluate recurrence risk in the offspring.
Acute exercise affects dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry body composition estimates but not standardised ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Ong Jun N. , Ducker Kagan J. , Furzer Bonnie J. , Dymock Michael , Landers Grant J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltrasound has been demonstrated to be a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and is robust against changes in hydration status or acute food or fluid intake. However, the effect of prior acute exercise is unexamined. This study examined the impact of an acute endurance exercise and resistance exercise session on standardised brightness‐mode ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness compared to skinfolds and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry body composition estimates. In a randomised cross‐over design, 30 active adults (24.2 ± 4.9 years) undertook physique assessment via standardised brightness‐mode ultrasound, skinfolds and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry before, immediately and 45 min after an acute endurance or resistance exercise session. The mean sum of eight subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured via standardised brightness‐mode ultrasound increased (0.6 mm, p = 0.04) immediately postendurance exercise but was not meaningful when evaluated against the technical error of measurement of the investigator. A significant (p = 0.01) but not meaningful decrease in the sum of eight skinfolds occurred immediately (−1.1 ± 0.4 mm) and 45 min (−1.3 ± 0.4 mm) postresistance exercise. Comparatively, endurance exercise elicited a meaningful decrease of total mass (460 ± 30 g) and trunk lean mass (680 ± 90 g) dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry estimates. Findings from this study indicate standardised client presentation may be unnecessary when employing either standardised brightness‐mode ultrasound or skinfolds for body composition assessment unlike dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.
Managerial advice‐taking—Sharing responsibility with (non)human advisors trumps decision accuracy
Authors: Aschauer Florian , Sohn Matthias , Hirsch Bernhard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganizations are increasingly implementing algorithmic decision aids to advise managerial decision‐making. We study managers' motives behind using advice (human and nonhuman), particularly sharing responsibility versus increasing decision accuracy motives. We conduct an online experiment with experienced managers in a sales forecasting setting and find that managers focus on increasing decision accuracy (sharing responsibility) when they are unable (able) to share responsibility with advisors. Moreover, managers prefer to share responsibility with blamable human advisors over nonhuman advisors unless they perceive algorithms as socially competent. Consequently, the results show that managers are not solely motivated to minimize forecast errors but also to reduce personal responsibility when taking advice. We contribute to the literature by highlighting the opportunistic motives of managers when taking (non)human advice. Our findings also bear important implications for practice. Specifically, firms should be aware of managers' opportunistic advice‐taking motives when implementing algorithmic decision aids.
Bomb radiocarbon dating reveals 40‐year lifespan of Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus)—Implications for stock assessments of long‐lived, primitive fishes
Authors: Hupfeld Ryan N. , Lackmann Alec R. , Andrews Allen H. , Welte Caroline , Jones Gene 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStock assessments for Shovelnose Sturgeon have largely been limited to age and growth analyses using pectoral fin rays despite potential underestimation of age and lack of age validation. Fisheries stock assessments rely on accurate estimates of vital rates for effective fisheries management, within which fish age and lifespan are of primary importance. Age was estimated using pectoral fin rays and otolith sections, and bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating was applied to otolith cores to determine lifespan and validate ages. Age reading of fin rays was straightforward, whereas most otolith thin sections provided two age‐reading scenarios: lumping (primary increments) or splitting (finer increments) presumed annuli. While fin‐ray estimates led to a maximum age of 14 years, otolith estimates led to maximum ages of 27 and 42 years.14C dating provided support for a combination of lumping early in life, to splitting in later years, and validation of a ~40‐year lifespan. Age reading of otoliths was imprecise and resulted in ~40% of thin sections that were not age scoreable. However, scoreable otolith sections, coupled with14C dating, resulted in growth and lifespan information that are the most accurate to date for Shovelnose Sturgeon and can be used as a baseline toward stock assessment refinements.
VonIbrahimzuIbrahim: Daniel Casper von Lohensteins „Türkische Trauerspiele“
Authors: von Holt Isabel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKlaus Günter Just ordnete die Dramentexte Daniel Casper von Lohensteins in seiner zwischen 1953 und 1957 erschienenen historisch‐kritischen Edition nicht chronologisch, sondern geographisch und kulturell drei Rubriken zu: afrikanische, römische und türkische Trauerspiele – eine Kategorisierung, die von Generationen von Literaturwissenschaftler*innen übernommen wurde. Im Vergleich zu ihren „afrikanischen“ und „römischen“ Pendants haben die so genannten „Türkischen Trauerspiele“Ibrahim (Bassa)(1650) undIbrahim Sultan(1673) bislang von der Forschung wenig Beachtung erfahren. Dabei zeichnet Lohenstein, wie dieser Aufsatz zeigt, in beiden Dramen ein vielschichtiges, zuweilen ambivalentes Bild vom Osmanischen Reich. Dies reflektiert eine spezifisch frühneuzeitliche Spielart des Orientalismus, die nicht von einem westlichen Überlegenheitsgefühl geprägt ist, sondern von der wechselhaften Geschichte zwischen den deutschen Territorien und dem Osmanischen Reich vom fünfzehnten bis zum siebzehnten Jahrhundert. Die beiden Bühnenstücke verfolgen aufmerksam die fluktuierenden macht‐ und geopolitischen Entwicklungen und repräsentieren ihre komplexen Implikationen, indem sie die Möglichkeiten der Dichtung und des Theaters ausloten.
Axin2‐CreERT2 mediated knockout of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A caused abnormal secondary dentine and altered cell fate of Axin2‐expressing odontogenic cells
Authors: Xu Chunmei , Xie Xudong , Shi Peilei , Wu Yafei , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimInducing odontogenic differentiation and tubular dentine formation is extremely important in dentine repair and tooth regeneration. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) signalling plays a critical role in dentine development and tertiary dentine formation, whilst how BMPR1A‐mediated signalling affects odontoblastic differentiation of Axin2‐expressing (Axin2+) odontogenic cells and tubular dentine formation remains largely unknown. This study aims to reveal the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of secondary dentine.MethodologyAxin2lacZ/+ mice harvested at post‐natal 21 (P21) were used to map Axin2+ mesenchymal cells. Axin2CreERT2/+; R26RtdTomato/+ mice and Axin2CreERT2/+; R26RDTA/+; R26RtdTomato/+ mice were generated to observe the tempo‐spatial distribution pattern of Axin2‐lineage cells and the effect of ablation of Axin2+ cells on dentinogenesis, respectively. A loss‐of‐function model was established with Axin2CreERT2/+; Bmpr1afl/fl; R26RtdTomato/+ (cKO) mice to study the role of BMP signalling in regulating Axin2+ cells. Micro‐computed tomography, histologic and immunostainings, and other approaches were used to examine biological functions, including dentine formation, mineralization and cell differentiation in cKO mice.ResultsThe results showed rich expression of Axin2 in odontoblasts at P21. Lineage tracing assay confirmed the wide distribution of Axin2 lineage cells in odontoblast layer and dental pulp during secondary dentine formation (P23 to P56), suggesting that Axin2+ cells are important cell source of primary odontoblasts. Ablation of Axin2+ cells (DTA mice) significantly impaired secondary dentine formation characterized with notably reduced dentine thickness (Mean of control: 54.11 μm, Mean of DTA: 27.79 μm, p = .0101). Furthermore, malformed osteo‐dentine replaced the tubular secondary dentine in the absence of Bmpr1a with irregular cell morphology, abnormal cellular process formation and lack of cell–cell tight conjunction. Remarkably increased expression of osteogenic markers like Runx2 and DMP1 was detected, whilst DSP expression was observed in a dispersed manner, indicating an impaired odontogenic cell fate and failure in producing tubular dentine in cKO mice.ConclusionsAxin2+ cells are a critical population of primary odontoblasts which contribute to tubular secondary dentine formation, and BMP signalling pathway plays a vital role in maintaining the odontogenic fate of Axin2+ cells.
Hemoglobin determination with point‐of‐care testing, performance evaluation compared to central laboratory analyzers in transfusion decision, an in vitro and retrospective study
Authors: Gibert Charles , Mestrallet Fanélie , Desmurs Laurent , Chardon Laurence , Lours Camille , Nougier Christophe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionPoint of care (POC) analyzers are an integral part of the patient care. Transfuse can be an emergency decision, not being a benign act, it is necessary to ensure that the hemoglobin value measured by the POC are comparable with the reference analyzer. The objective is to compare the analytical performance of three POCs: ABL800 Flex, Hemocue and iSTAT and a central laboratory analyzer: XN‐10 and the impact on the transfusion decision.MethodsAn in vitro study was performed in 50 patients for whom a hemogram had been prescribed on the XN‐10, the hemoglobin determination was performed in parallel on the three POCs. Then, retrospective study was performed to compare the hemoglobin values returned for matched samples in routine practice, 5505 for ABL800 Flex, 55 for Hemocue and 70 for iSTAT were analyzed.ResultsIn vitro study shows systematic biases in the measurement of hemoglobin between the different analyzers, overestimation for the ABL800 Flex and the Hemocue, underestimation for the iSTAT. These biases are accentuated in current practice for iSTAT but decreased for ABL800 Flex. In the transfusion decision range from 70 to 100 g/L, there were 8.6% of clinically discordant results between the reference method and ABL, 34.8% for Hemocue and 21.4% for iSTAT.ConclusionIn addition to systematic biases, many additional factors may be involved for variation in hemoglobin measurement with POC. Thus, in the case of urgent transfusion decisions, sending a hemogram on a central laboratory analyzer seems to be essential, while being compatible with a life‐threatening emergency.
MIGRAINE: ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Dowson AJ 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYHeadcahes occur at some time in the vast majority of the population. For most people headaches are a nuisance but for some they can be disabling. Two per cent of the population at any time have chronic daily headache, with or without analgesic dependence, but most disabling headaches are intermittent and migranous in nature. Before hoping to make an appropriate intervention, an accurate diagnosis must be made. The first part of this paper examines the differential diagnosis and in particular separates benign from sinister, acute from chronic and tension‐type from migranous. The second half focuses on the management of migraine. An individualised approach is usually the most effective, with the patient drawing from the broad areas of attention to trigger factors and lifestyle, finding an acute or rescue medication that consistently returns them to normal activities within a few hours, and prophylaxis to reduce the rate of attack by 50% in those with high frequency migraine. The expession of migraine may well vary during an individual's life and in order to achieve the best lifelong control, adjustment of the blend of management options may be needed. The aim of the adviser is to enable patients to feel in control of their migraine rather than feeling that migraine controls them.
CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITION: A STRATEGY FOR CHOLESTEROL‐LOWERING THERAPY
Authors: Miettinen TA 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYA clear relationship has been documented between plasma levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and the risk of coronary heart disease. LDL‐C is believed to be key in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis, although increasing evidence suggests that low levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated triglyceride levels are contributory factors. Chylomicron remnants formed via the exogenous (dietary and biliary) pathway of cholesterol metabolism may also have atherogenic potential. Dietary modification, especially with plant stanol (sterol) ester margarine, which inhibits cholesterol absorption and improves the fatty acid pattern, lowers LDL‐C sufficiently in many hypercholesterolaemic patients, and is also a useful adjunct to pharmacological therapy. Cholesterol absorption inhibitors typically lower LDL‐C by 10–20%. Ezetimibe, the first selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor, has been shown to lower LDL‐C by approximately 18% following a once‐daily 10 mg dose, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy. Combination therapy with selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors such as ezetimibe along with statins or fibrates may allow more patients with hypercholesterolaemia to achieve target LDL‐C levels compared with treatment with monotherapy. Ezetimibe may be useful in the management of patients who respond poorly to or are unable to tolerate statins, or in patients with hereditary or drug‐induced phytosterolaemia.
Diabetes technology including automated insulin delivery systems to manage hyperglycemia in a failing pancreatic graft: Case series of people with type 1 diabetes and a pancreas kidney or pancreas‐only transplant
Authors: Stathi Dimitra , Johnston Thomas , Hyslop Rebecca , Brackenridge Anna , Karalliedde Janaka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe share our experience of using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy and diabetes technology in six people (5 men) with type 1 diabetes (mean duration 36 years), who developed hyperglycemia post‐simultaneous kidney/pancreas (n = 5) or pancreas only (n = 1) transplant. All were on immunosuppression and multiple daily injections of insulin prior to CSII. Four people were started on automated insulin delivery, and two people on CSII and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring. With diabetes technology, the median time in range glucose improved from 37% (24–49%) to 56.6% (48–62%), and similarly, glycated hemoglobin fell from 72.7 mmol/mol (72–79 mmol/mol) to 64 mmol/mol (42–67 mmol/mol; P < 0.05 for both) with no concomitant increase in hypoglycemia. Use of diabetes technology improved glycemic parameters in people with type 1 diabetes with failing pancreatic graft function. Early use of such technology should be considered to improve diabetes control in this complex cohort.
The effects of temperature and salinity on the blood chemistry and survival of juvenile Atlantic tarponMegalops atlanticus
Authors: Coffill‐Rivera Manuel E. , Paez Mendez Yvanna D. , Little Logan , Graham Patrick M. , Franks James S. , Correa Sandra Bibiana , Neal J. Wesley , Allen Peter J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtlantic tarponMegalops atlanticusare highly migratory sportfish that support recreational fisheries throughout their range. In US waters, juveniles can be found in coastal and estuarine habitats along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic seaboard, with temperature limiting their northern latitudinal distribution. Juveniles may overwinter in these areas during the first several years of life. Low temperatures are known to cause mortality in adults, but the challenges of temperature are less understood for juveniles. Furthermore, salinity, which can change dramatically in these habitats, may have a synergistic effect with temperature. To examine the physiological effects of temperature and salinity on juvenile tarpon, wild fish were acclimated to a range of conditions that potentially occur in the northern range of their estuarine habitats. The haematology of juvenile tarpon was examined in two salinity (≤2 and ≥30 ppt) and temperature (15 and 25°C) treatments, followed by a low‐temperature tolerance test. After 2 weeks in treatment conditions, blood samples were analysed for haematocrit, pH, red blood cell concentration, haemoglobin content and plasma osmolality. Increased plasma osmolality was observed in fish at low temperature (15°C compared to 25°C) and at high salinity (≥30 ppt compared to ≤2 ppt). Blood pH was increased at 15°C compared to 25°C, with the highest pH at 15°C and low salinity. Haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell concentration were higher at 25°C than 15°C, with haemoglobin lowest at 15°C and low salinity. For the low‐temperature tolerance test, all fish were acclimated to 15°C for 2 weeks, then transferred to separate tanks where temperature was gradually decreased at 0.9 ± 0.1°C/h until fish lost equilibrium. Fish at low salinity lost equilibrium more rapidly (1 ppt, 12.65 ± 0.46°C) than fish at high salinity (30 ppt, 11.26 ± 0.14°C). The results indicate juvenile tarpon are susceptible to low temperature, which is exacerbated by low salinity, findings useful in the assessment of juvenile tarpon overwintering habitat.
Spawning ecology of the Saint Paul's Gregory Stegastes sanctipauli, a damselfish endemic to the remote St Peter and St Paul's Archipelago
Authors: Alves Aline Cristina , Ferreira Carlos Eduardo Leite , de Souza Rosa Ricardo , Pinheiro Hudson Tercio , Francini‐Filho Ronaldo Bastos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe studied the spawning ecology of Stegastes sanctipauli, a damselfish endemic to the small and remote St Peter and St Paul's Archipelago (Brazil), aiming to determine the main correlates of reproductive success, as inferred from rates of egg losses along a spawning season. New clutches appeared mostly in the last quarter moon, when egg predation intensified. Predation by heterospecifics, particularly Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus, 1758), accounted for most egg losses, while filial cannibalism showed negligible influence. Predation pressure was highest for larger nests with higher initial density of eggs. Hatching of eggs occurred close to the new moon (i.e., ~5 days after spawning). Most nests occur in shallow reefs (<16 m depth), where main food resources for adults (turf algae) are concentrated, but abundance of egg predators, particularly H. radiatus, is also highest. This latter result suggests that the spawning activity of S. sanctipauli is influenced by the trade‐offs between food accessibility by adults and egg predation risk. The patterns recorded here are similar to those known for other tropical damselfish species and may reflect strategies for attenuating predation pressure over new fry and eggs.