bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zileuton ameliorates aminoglycoside and polymyxin-associated acute kidney injury in an animal model
Authors: Hudson Cole S , Smith James E , Eales Brianna M , Kajiji Shama , Liu Xinli , Truong Luan D , Tam Vincent H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Aminoglycosides and polymyxins are antibiotics with in vitro activity against MDR Gram-negative bacteria. However, their clinical use is hindered by dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. The objective of this project was to determine if zileuton can reduce nephrotoxicity associated with amikacin and polymyxin B in a rat model of acute kidney injury.

Methods
Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10, both genders) were administered either amikacin (300 mg/kg) or polymyxin B (20 mg/kg) daily for 10 days. Zileuton (4 and 10 mg/kg) was delivered intraperitoneally 15 min before antibiotic administration. Blood samples were collected at baseline and daily to determine serum creatinine concentration. Nephrotoxicity was defined as a ≥2× elevation of baseline serum creatinine. Time-to-event analysis and log rank test were used to compare the onset of nephrotoxicity in different cohorts. Histopathological analysis was also conducted to characterize the extent of kidney injury.

Results
Animals receiving amikacin or polymyxin B alone had nephrotoxicity rates of 90% and 100%, respectively. The overall rate was reduced to 30% in animals receiving adjuvant zileuton. The onset of nephrotoxicity associated with amikacin and polymyxin B was also significantly delayed by zileuton at 4 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Histopathology confirmed reduced kidney injury in animals receiving amikacin concomitant with zileuton.

Conclusions
Our pilot data suggest that zileuton has the potential to attenuate nephrotoxicity associated with last-line antibiotics. This would allow these antibiotics to treat MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections optimally without dose-limiting constraints. Further studies are warranted to optimize drug delivery and dosing in humans.
Interactions of rumen microbiota and metabolites with meat quality-related genes to regulate meat quality and flavor of Tibetan sheep under nutrient stress in the cold season
Authors: Sha Yuzhu , He Yanyu , Liu Xiu , Shao Pengyang , Wang Fanxiong , Xie Zhuanhui , Li Wenhao , Wang Jiqing , Li Shaobin , Zhao Shengguo , Chen Guoshun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim
The meat of Tibetan sheep has a unique flavor, delicious taste, and superior nutritional value. However, the change of grass will lead to a change in meat quality. This study aimed to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of microbial metabolites with respect to meat quality traits of Tibetan sheep under nutrient stress in the cold season.

Methods and results
We determined and analyzed the longissimus dorsi quality, fatty acid composition, expression of genes, and rumen microbial metabolites of Tibetan sheep in cold and warm seasons. The shear force was decreased (P &lt; .05), the meat color a*24 h value was increased (P &lt; .05), and the contents of crude fat (EE) and protein (CP) were decreased in the cold season. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increased significantly in the cold season (P &lt; .05). The expressions of meat quality genes MC4R, CAPN1, H-FABP, and LPL were significantly higher in the warm season (P &lt; .05), and the CAST gene was significantly expressed in the cold season (P &lt; .01). The different microbial metabolites of Tibetan sheep in the cold and warm seasons were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and digestive system pathway, and there was some correlation between microbiota and meat quality traits. There are similarities between microbial metabolites enriched in the lipid metabolism pathway and muscle metabolites.

Conclusion
Under nutritional stress in the cold season, the muscle tenderness of Tibetan sheep was improved, and the fat deposition capacity was weakened, but the levels of beneficial fatty acids were higher than those in the warm season, which was more conducive to healthy eating.
Seasonal density and natural mortality ofHalyomorpha halys(Stål) and indigenous stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a field crop agroecosystem
Authors: Tillman P Glynn , Grabarczyk Erin E , Kesheimer Katelyn A , Balusu Rhammohan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), including the exotic Halyomorpha halys (Stål), Nezara viridula (L.), and other indigenous species, are pests that damage a variety of agricultural crops. At a study site in the southeastern United States, we measured the density of stink bug species and patterns of parasitism and predation on corn, cotton, and soybean and host trees in an adjacent woodline. We assessed parasitism and predation of naturally laid egg masses in crops and sentinel egg masses in host trees and used pheromone-baited traps to determine H. halys seasonal development. Overall, H. halys and N. viridula were the dominant bugs observed. Adult H. halys were first detected each year on trees, followed by corn, and then cotton and soybean, suggesting that trees served as a source of H. halys dispersing into crops. For H. halys, more nymphs were captured in soybean than in corn or cotton. For N. viridula, more adults were captured in corn and cotton than in soybean, and more nymphs were captured in corn during 2019 and 2021 than in 2020. Percentage parasitism of N. viridula egg masses (74.2%) was higher than than that for H. halys egg masses (54.3%). Accordingly, conservation biological control has the potential to enhance parasitism of indigenous stink bugs and H. halys in field crop agroecosystems.
Mating behavior ofPseudococcus calceolariaeandPseudococcus longispinus(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): are asexual reproduction and hybridization possible?
Authors: Ballesteros Carolina , Chorbadjian Rodrigo A , Zaviezo Tania 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study of insect reproduction is important from both basic and applied perspectives, particularly in mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), because of the diversity of reproduction modes and also because they are important agricultural pests. Sex pheromone control strategies are currently being developed for many species. Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) are closely related species that often coexist in the same host plant. In this study, mating behavior, the possible occurrence of asexual reproduction, and hybridization between them were investigated. We confirmed that both species did not show asexual reproduction and required the presence of a male to reproduce. When couples of the same species were put together, males had a highly stereotyped mating behavior, and females showed an active role in mating success by accepting or rejecting males with abdominal movements. In hybridization trials, no progeny was obtained for any of the interspecific combinations. Moreover, in interspecific pairs, males mainly moved randomly in the arena without direct contact with females and females showed no willingness to mate, escape, or not move in the presence of the male. Therefore, courtship and copulation success in both species were directly related to the specificity of the mating pair and, there was no evidence of hybridization. This information is useful for the understanding of reproduction in this family and supports the development of management techniques based on sex pheromones to disrupt reproduction or to monitor these mealybug species populations.
What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (Panthera tigris) food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India
Authors: Biswas Suvankar , Kumar Shrewshree , Bandhopadhyay Meghna , Patel Shiv Kumari , Lyngdoh Salvador , Pandav Bivash , Mondol Samrat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Large carnivores strongly shape ecological interactions within their respective ecosystems, but experience significant conflicts with humans across their range due to their specific ecological resource requirements. The Tiger (Panthera tigris) typifies the challenges faced by large carnivore species globally. India retains the majority of the global Tiger population with a substantial number occurring outside protected areas where they are prone to conflict through livestock predation and injury or death to people and Tigers. Tiger food habits was investigated across the Indian part of the Terai-Arc Landscape (TAL), a globally important Tiger conservation landscape, to understand Tiger prey selection patterns and hotspots of livestock predation-related conflict. 510 genetically confirmed Tiger feces were collected across the landscape and 10 wild ungulates and livestock as prey species were identified. Large-bodied species (Sambar, Swamp Deer, Nilgai, Chital, Wild Pig, and livestock) comprised ~94% of the diet, with Sambar, Chital, and livestock having the highest relative proportions. Habitat-specific (Shivalik-Bhabar and Terai) analyses indicate that prey selection is driven by prey abundance and body weight but not determined by protection status (protected areas vs non-protected areas). Results also suggest that PAs and non-PAs in the Terai region were more prone to livestock predation-related conflict. Careful management interventions with community involvement should be utilized to reduce such threats. In this study, we suggest long-term conservation plans including prey abundance estimation outside PAs, reduction of grazing pressures, and detailed records of Tiger mortalities with causal investigations to ensure future conflict-free Tiger persistence across TAL.
Nonlinear ultrasonic characterization of joint structures using backscatter guided waves
Authors: Wu Wen-Chuan , Yin Ching-Chung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Joint structures made from plates or shells are frequently used in large constructions, such as oil storage tanks in petrochemical industries. The corrosion-induced metal loss often appears on the back side of the bottom plate supported by ground or sand. The welding residual stress and weight of shell walls accelerate the corrosion. Determining the severity of metal loss under the joint is challenging. This work uses the mode pair technique for nondestructive inspection of inaccessible regions in joint structures. A finite element analysis model simulates the transient responses of the incident and mode-converted fundamental and second harmonic plate waves. The second harmonic s0 plate wave satisfying the phase velocity matching condition accompanies the transmitted fundamental SH0 plate wave. A directional filter identifies every mode-converted plate wave by comparing the frequency spectra with the dispersion curves. Linear ultrasonic guided waves can detect inaccessible regions using mode-converted reflections. The symmetry of the linear mode-converted fundamental plate waves depends on the defect position and geometry, not the size. The mode-converted second harmonic guided wave can achieve better spatial resolution for defect sizing. The nonlinear parameter shows a proportional trend with an increasing thickness reduction. Experimental and numerical evidence reveals nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave technique has the potential for defect detection in joint structures.
Single laboratory evaluation of umbilical cord blood units processing methodologies for banking
Authors: dos Santos Francisco F , Nunes Letícia , Martins Cátia , Smith Margaret Ann , Cardoso Carla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To compare the efficiency of 3 different processing methods (Sepax, AutoXpress [AXP], and manual processing with hydroxyethyl starch [HES] sedimentation) used at Stemlab during a 10-year period.

Methods
Historical data were compiled and the analytical results obtained for the 3 different methods were compared.

Results
The manual processing (HES) method yielded the highest level of total nucleated cell recovery after processing, and the AXP system yielded the highest CD34+ cell number. The red blood cell reduction was also significantly higher with the HES method. Also, HES showed comparable results to Toticyte technology for umbilical cord blood (UCB) processing.

Conclusion
These results show that the HES method is as effective as automated technologies for UCB volume reduction; hence, it is a suitable methodology for private and public UCB banks. The HES method also proved to be superior to Toticyte technology for medical applications, with higher recovery yields of total nucleated cells after thawing and equivalent CD34+ cell recovery and functionality.
Antioxidant and L-asparaginase activities of culturable endophytic fungi from ornamental Dendrobium orchids
Authors: Chua Ru Wei , Song Keang Peng , Ting Adeline Su Yien 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study reports the antioxidant potential and L-asparaginase production of culturable fungal endophytes from Dendrobium orchids in Malaysia. Twenty-nine isolates were screened using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to determine their free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant capacity (IC50 and AEAC). L-asparaginase production of fungal endophytes was detected by the qualitative plate assay, and the enzyme activities estimated via the Nesslerization method. All 29 endophytic isolates exhibited various degrees of radical scavenging activities (35.37%–77.23%), with Fusarium fujikuroi (D1) identified as having the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50 6.097 mg/mL) and the highest AEAC value (11.55  mg/g). For L-asparaginase production, the majority of the isolates (89.66%) showed positive results, especially among the culturable species of Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Daldinia. Most Fusarium spp. were able to produce L-asparaginase (80.77%), but the highest L-asparaginase activity was detected in Daldinia eschscholtzii (D14) with 2.128 units/mL. Results from this study highlighted the potential of endophytic fungi from medicinal orchids (Dendrobium sp.) as natural sources of bioactive compounds to be developed into novel antioxidants and anticancer drugs.
A mutation-sensitive, multiplexed and amplification-free detection of nucleic acids by stretching single-molecule tandem hairpin probes
Authors: Yang Ya-Jun , Fu Hang , Li Xiao-Lu , Yang Hong-Yu , Zhou Er-Chi , Xie Cheng-Yu , Wu Shu-Wen , He Fan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xing-Hua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The detection of nucleic acid sequences in parallel with the discrimination of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) is critical for research and clinical applications. A few limitations make the detection technically challenging, such as too small variation in probe-hybridization energy caused by SNVs, the non-specific amplification of false nucleic acid fragments and the few options of dyes limited by spectral overlaps. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a single-molecule nucleic acid detection assay without amplification or fluorescence termed THREF (hybridization-induced tandem DNA hairpin refolding failure) based on multiplexed magnetic tweezers. THREF can detect DNA and RNA sequences at femtomolar concentrations within 30 min, monitor multiple probes in parallel, quantify the expression level of miR-122 in patient tissues, discriminate SNVs including the hard-to-detect G–U or T–G wobble mutations and reuse the probes to save the cost. In our demonstrative detections using mock clinic samples, we profiled the let-7 family microRNAs in serum and genotyped SARS-CoV-2 strains in saliva. Overall, the THREF assay can discriminate SNVs with the advantages of high sensitivity, ultra-specificity, multiplexing, reusability, sample hands-free and robustness.
Associations Between Childhood Trauma and Tobacco Use Outcomes in Adults after Overnight Abstinence
Authors: Palmisano Alexandra N , Schwartz Elizabeth K C , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Sofuoglu Mehmet 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Childhood trauma is known to be associated with nicotine dependence, yet limited smoking outcomes have been examined and few studies have assessed associations between specific trauma subscales and smoking. Additionally, sex differences in trauma-smoking relations are understudied. This study examined associations between childhood trauma and several smoking-related outcomes in adults who smoke after overnight abstinence.

Aims and Methods
People who smoke (N = 205) completed self-report and biochemical assessments evaluating childhood trauma, affect, nicotine dependence, smoking urges, withdrawal, and plasma cortisol and cotinine levels. Smoking outcomes were compared between those with and without a history of moderate to severe childhood trauma among the total sample and by sex.

Results
Relative to those with no to minimal abuse, those with moderate to severe abuse had higher negative affect, withdrawal severity, and plasma cotinine levels. Exploratory analyses revealed that women were more likely than men to have urges to smoke for negative reinforcement and have higher withdrawal severity, but no interactions between abuse group and sex were observed. Examining specific trauma subscales, the moderate to severe emotional abuse group had more severe nicotine dependence, negative affect, and withdrawal compared to the no to minimal group. The moderate to severe sexual abuse group had more severe nicotine dependence and withdrawal compared to the no to minimal group.

Conclusions
Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with more severe nicotine dependence, negative affect, withdrawal, and higher plasma cotinine levels. Findings also indicate that different types of trauma may differentially affect smoking behaviors.

Implications
This study of adults who smoke finds that childhood trauma history may be a marker for smoking susceptibility and suggests that individuals with experiences of emotional and sexual abuse may require targeted forms of smoking cessation interventions. Moreover, findings suggest that smoking risks may differ for men and women. Findings inform public health interventions intended to reduce cigarette use in individuals with exposure to childhood trauma.
Law and Stock Market Development in the UK over Time: An Uneasy Match
Authors: Cheffins Brian R , Reddy Bobby V 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Britain has a reputation for having a stock market-oriented corporate economy and there is an extensive literature maintaining that laws affording substantial protection to outside investors are needed for a thriving stock market. Historically, however, UK equity markets have not always flourished and, when they have, law’s contribution has been open to question. This article considers the uneasy match between law and Britain’s stock market development from when shares first began to trade publicly through to the present day, offering in so doing insights into the relationship between law and equity markets and current reforms intended to revive a flagging UK stock exchange.
BcNAC056 Interacts with BcWRKY1 to Regulate Leaf Senescence in Pak Choi
Authors: Yuan Shuilin , Wang Yuan , Hu Die , Zhu Weitong , Xiao Dong , Liu Tongkun , Hou Xilin , Li Ying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of leaf development. For leafy vegetables such as pak choi, leaf senescence is adverse to yield due to the harvest period shortening. However, the regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence are largely unknown in leafy vegetables. Here, we isolated and characterized a NAC gene, BcNAC056, in pak choi [Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis cv. 49caixin]. BcNAC056-GFP was located in the nucleus at the subcellular level, and BcNAC056 was responsive to leaf senescence and different hormones at the transcriptional level. Heterologous overexpression of BcNAC056 in Arabidopsis promoted leaf senescence, accompanied by the increased expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), whereas virus-induced gene silencing–based silencing in pak choi delayed leaf senescence. The following transcriptome analysis showed that heterologous overexpression of BcNAC056 enhanced some AtSAG transcripts in Arabidopsis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase (LUC) reporter assay revealed that BcNAC056 activated SAG12 by directly binding to the promoter. In addition, with the LUC reporter and transient overexpression assays, we proposed that BcNAC056–BcWRKY1 interaction promoted the activation of BcSAG12. Taken together, our findings revealed a new regulatory mechanism of leaf senescence in pak choi.
Non-Destructive Monitoring of Foliar Fungicide Efficacy with Hyperspectral Sensing in Grapevine
Authors: Gambhir Nikita , Paul Angela , Qiu Tian , Combs David B. , Hosseinzadeh Saeed , Underhill Anna , Jiang Yu , Cadle-Davidson Lance E. , Gold Kaitlin M. 
Published: August 2023

Frequent fungicide applications are required to manage grapevine powdery mildew ( Erysiphe necator). However, this practice is costly and has led to widespread fungicide resistance. A method of monitoring in-field fungicide efficacy could help growers maximize spray-interval length, thereby reducing costs and the rate of fungicide resistance emergence. The goal of this study was to evaluate if hyperspectral sensing in the visible to shortwave infrared range (400 to 2,400 nm) can quantify foliar fungicide efficacy on grape leaves. Commercial formulations of metrafenone, Bacillus mycoides isolate J ( BmJ), and sulfur were applied on Chardonnay grapevines in vineyard or greenhouse settings. Foliar reflectance was measured with handheld hyperspectral spectroradiometers at multiple days post-application. Fungicide efficacy was estimated as a proxy for fungicide residue and disease control measured with the Blackbird microscopy imaging robot. Treatments could be differentiated from the untreated control with an accuracy of 73.06% for metrafenone, 67.76% for BmJ, and 94.10% for sulfur. The change in spectral reflectance was moderately correlated with the cube root of the area under the disease progress curve for metrafenone- and sulfur-treated samples ( R2 = 0.38 and 0.36, respectively) and with sulfur residue ( R2 = 0.42). BmJ treatment impacted foliar physiology by enhancing the leaf mass/area and reducing the nitrogen and total phenolic content as estimated from spectral reflectance. The results suggest that hyperspectral sensing can be used to monitor in-situ fungicide efficacy, and the prediction accuracy depends on the fungicide and the time point measured. The ability to monitor in-situ fungicide efficacy could facilitate more strategic fungicide applications and promote sustainable grapevine protection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .