bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Current Guidelines and Recent Advances
Beyond Drug Treatment
Authors: Butter Christian , Seifert Martin , Georgi Christian , Iliodromitis Konstantinos , Bogossian Harilaos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is the therapy of choice for patients with symptomatic systolic
heart failure (HF) and left bundle branch block (LBBB), despite optimal medical therapy (OMT). The recently
published 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac
resynchronization therapy highlight the importance of CRT on top of OMT in HF patients with left ventricular
ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%, sinus rhythm and typical LBBB with QRS duration ≥ 150 ms. In the presence
of medically intractable or recurrent after catheter ablation atrial fibrillation (AF), AV nodal ablation as an adjuvant
therapy becomes more relevant in patients qualifying for the implantation of a biventricular system. Furthermore,
CRT may be considered in cases when increased pacing of the right ventricle is not desirable. However,
alternative pacing sites and strategies are currently available, if the CRT is not feasible and effective in patients.
However, strategies targeting “multi-sides” or using “multi-leads” have shown superiority over classic
CRT. On the other hand, conduction system pacing seems to be a promising technique. Although early results
are positive, consistency during the long term is pending. The indication for additional defibrillation therapy
(ICD) may occasionally be unnecessary and has to be considered individually. Due to the great development
and success of heart failure drug therapy, its positive effect on LV function can lead to enormous improvement.
Physicians must await these effects and findings, which hopefully could lead to a relevant LV improvement resulting
in a definitive decision against an ICD.
Antiviral Application of Carbohydrate Polymers: A Review
Authors: Kar Biswakanth , Pradhan Deepak , Halder Jitu , Rai Vineet Kumar , Ghosh Goutam , Rath Goutam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Viral disease is a well-known cause of a significant impact on economic losses and threatens developed
and developing societies. High mutation rates and the lack of ability of conventional formulations to target
specific cells pose substantial hurdles to the successful treatment of viral diseases. We conducted a preliminary
search by a standard procedure. With hand searching, we conducted an advanced search across several electronic
databases. After defining the selection criteria, two writers independently reviewed and evaluated the first
500 abstracts before screening the remaining 300. Since there was 97% agreement on the screening decisions,
only one reviewer conducted the screening. The pre-planned data extraction process was accomplished, and the
thoroughness of the description of participation techniques was assessed. Additional data extraction was carried
out for articles with the most detailed illustrations. Four stakeholder representatives co-authored this systematic
review. Incorporating selective carbohydrate polymers into the antiviral pharmaceutical compositions could
help to manage biological complications associated with viral infections. We included 172 papers in which authors
were involved in a systematic review. The present review explains the role of carbohydrate polymers (chitosan,
carrageenan, alginate, cyclodextrin, dextran, and heparin) in the prevention and treatment of viral infections
in terms of their source, molecular weight, surface charge, chemical composition, and structure. Additionally,
the review describes the primary mechanism of drug delivery performance of carbohydrate polymers to
improve the antiviral properties and pharmacokinetic behaviour of lamivudine, zidovudine, acyclovir, etc. The
article discussed the role of carbohydrate polymers in mitigating virus-induced associated complications like
bacterial infection, cardiovascular disorder, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorder. As a result, this work will
provide valuable information to scientists, researchers, and clinicians for suitable carbohydrate polymer-based
pharmaceutical development.
Histone Methylation Regulation as a Potential Target for Non-alcoholic
Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Liu Yuanbin , Chen Mingkai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Epigenetic modulations are currently emerging as promising targets in metabolic diseases,
including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), for their roles in pathogenesis and therapeutic
potential. The molecular mechanisms and modulation potential of histone methylation as a histone
post-transcriptional modification in NAFLD have been recently addressed. However, a detailed overview
of the histone methylation regulation in NAFLD is lacking. In this review, we comprehensively
summarize the mechanisms of histone methylation regulation in NAFLD. We conducted a comprehensive
database search in the PubMed database with the keywords 'histone', 'histone methylation',
'NAFLD', and 'metabolism' without time restriction. Reference lists of key documents were also reviewed
to include potentially omitted articles. It has been reported that these enzymes can interact
with other transcription factors or receptors under pro-NAFLD conditions, such as nutritional stress,
which lead to recruitment to the promoters or transcriptional regions of key genes involved in glycolipid
metabolism, ultimately regulating gene transcriptional activity to influence the expression. Histone
methylation regulation has been implicated in mediating metabolic crosstalk between tissues or
organs in NAFLD and serves a critical role in NAFLD development and progression. Some dietary
interventions or agents targeting histone methylation have been suggested to improve NAFLD; however,
there is still a lack of additional research and clinical translational relevance. In conclusion, histone
methylation/demethylation has demonstrated an important regulatory role in NAFLD by mediating
the expression of key glycolipid metabolism-related genes, and more research is needed in the future
to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.
Impact of Microfluidic Chip Electrophoresis in Modern Analysis: An
Update on Recent Trends
Authors: Kumar Bhupinder , Pasricha Sumit , Bhatia Rohit , Patel Preeti 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
The recent development of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technology has substantially raised
interest in analytical chemistry. Since, they have demonstrated to be extraordinarily adept at precise fluid
control, cell manipulation, and signal output, microfluidic chips are a useful tool for quick and in-depth
single-cell investigation. This technique is cost-effective, less time-consuming, automatic, high mobility,
and fast separation technique. Due to the internal chip sizes, which range from micrometers to millimeters,
consumption of the samples and reagents occurs at the nanoliter and picoliter levels. The microfluidic
device can fit a variety of functions onto a few centimeter-long chips. In this article, we discussed numerous
preparations of microfluidic chip electrophoresis and its recent advancements. This method is
useful for the detection of various small amounts of content with less time and greater efficacy. It is also
useful in cancer studies, 3D inkjet printing, immunoassay investigation in cell-cell interactions, analysis
of nanoparticles, dielectrophoretic particle separation, plant alkaloids, and forensic science applications.
This review, therefore, examines the use of various microfluidic chips in electrophoretic separation during
2017–2022. There are various papers found by search, indicating continuous activity in the research area
along with studies to explain its material, method, and its efficacy.
Accelerating Healing of Excisional Wound with a Hydrogel Containing
Hyacinth Bean (Dolichos lablab) Extract in a Rat Model
Authors: Singh Neelam , Gupta Puneet , Goel Radha , Narayan Chaitanya Vinayak , Sagar Deepak , Gupta Aanchal 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Medicinal plants are essential in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses.
Dolichos lablab, also known as Hyacinth Bean, is a popular legume crop in India that is rich in natural
bioactive compounds. In recognition of its importance in many skin therapies, a hydrogel was prepared.
The primary goal of topical formulations is to provide drug contact with the skin while reducing
overall absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of Dolichos lablab extract
hydrogel on full-thickness wounds in rats.

Method:
Wounds were created on the dorsal surface of Male Albino Wistar rats. Next, the animals
were divided into four groups (n = 12). Each group was treated with 200 mg of the allotted topical
treatment of blank gel, Dolichos hydrogel and marketed betadine gel. The treatments were applied
immediately after the injury and twice daily for up to 14 days. Animals were euthanized on day 14 and
some parameters were analyzed such as wound closure rate, Inflammatory cytokines level, oxidative
stress profile, collagen hydroxyproline and hexosamine concentration, macroscopic and histopathological
evidence.

Results:
The findings indicate that Dolichos lablab extract has potent wound healing ability, as evidenced
by improved wound closure and tissue regeneration, as well as histopathological parameters.
Dolichos hydrogel increased the skin's hydroxyproline level, antioxidant potential, wound contraction,
and anti-inflammatory activity by modulating the production of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
This affirms the potency of the wound-healing properties of Dolichos lablab extract.

Conclusion:
Dolichos lablab hydrogel is a low-cost herbal medicine which can aid in tissue repair.
Mechanism of Procyanidin B2 in the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Based
on Integrating Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Li Hong-Xing , Jing Yuan-Xue , Chai Yi-Hong , Sun Xiao-Hong , He Xiao-Xia , Xue Shi-Long , Xi Ya-Ming , Ma Xiao-Ling 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
To study the pharmacological mechanism of procyanidin B2 (PCB2) on chronic myeloid leukemia
(CML) by integrating network pharmacological methods systematically.

Methods:
Firstly, the potential target genes of PCB2 were predicted by the pharmacological database and analysis
platform (TCMSP and Pharmmapper). Meanwhile, the relevant target genes of CML were collected from GeneCards
and DisGene. Pooled data were collected to screen for common target genes. Furthermore, the above intersection genes
were imported into the String website to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Gene Ontology
(GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were further analyzed.
Besides, molecular docking was performed to verify the possible binding conformation between PCB2 and candidate
targets. Finally, MTT and RT-PCR experiments of K562 cells were performed to verify the above results of network
pharmacology.

Results:
A total of 229 PCB2 target genes were retrieved, among which 186 target genes had interaction with CML.
The pharmacological effects of PCB2 on CML were related to some important oncogenes and signaling pathways. The
top ten core targets predicted by Network Analysis were as follows: AKT1, EGFR, ESR1, CASP3, SRC, VEGFA,
HIF1A, ERBB2, MTOR, and IGF1. Molecular docking studies confirmed that hydrogen bonding was the main interaction
force of PCB2 binding targets. According to the molecular docking score, the following three target proteins were
most likely to bind to PCB2: VEGFA (-5.5 kcal/mol), SRC (-5.1 kcal/mol), and EGFR (-4.6 kcal/mol). After treatment
of PCB2 for 24h, mRNA expression levels of VEGFA and HIF1A decreased significantly in K562 cells.

Conclusion:
Through integrating network pharmacology combined with molecular docking, the study revealed the
potential mechanism of PCB2 anti-chronic myeloid leukemia.
Identification of Phytochemicals and Assessment of Hypoglycemic and
Haematological Potentials of Terminalia catappa Linn leaf Extract in
Alloxan-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats
Authors: Ben Ezekiel E. , Beshel Justin A. , Owu Daniel U. , Palacios Javier , Nwokocha Magdalene , Bórquez Jorge , Simirgiotis Mario J. , Nwokocha Chukwuemeka R. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Hypoglycemia and anemia are associated with diabetes mellitus. Medicinal
plants and orthodox drugs have been used for the management of this disease. This study
aimed to validate the ethnomedical claims of Terminalia catappa Linn. leaf extract in reducing
hyperglycemia and hematological potentials in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and to identify likely
antidiabetic compounds.

Materials and Methods:
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the
various phytochemical constituents. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups containing
6 rats per group. Group 1 (control) received 0.2 ml/kg of distilled water, group 2 received
130 mg/kg of T. catappa aqueous extract, groups 3-5 were diabetic and received 0.2 ml/g distilled
water, 130 mg/kg T. catappa extract and 0.75 IU/kg insulin respectively for 14 days. Hematological
parameters were measured and an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out using 2 g/kg body
weight glucose. A histological analysis of the pancreas was done.

Results:
Twenty-five compounds identified as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and triterpenoids
were detected. The blood glucose levels were significantly (p <0.05) elevated in DM groups
but were significantly (p <0.05) reduced following Terminalia catappa leaves extract to DM
groups. There was s significant (p <0.05) increase in insulin levels improved hematological parameters
(RBC, WBC, and platelets), and increased islet population.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that T. catappa extract has hypoglycemic, insulinogenic, and
hematopoietic potentials in diabetic condition and offer protection to the pancreas which could be
attributed to the phytochemical constituents thereby justifying its use in traditional therapy.
Synthesis of Novel Cationic Photosensitizers Derived from Chlorin for
Application in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Ranjbari Faride , Rashidi Mohammad R. , Hemmati Salar , Safari Ebrahim , Tajalli Habib 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Chlorins (dihydroporphyrins) are tetrapyrrole-based compounds that are
more effective in photodynamic therapy than porphyrins. The instability of the compounds and
their oxidation to porphyrin limits the use of these compounds. However, the design and synthesis
of new stable chlorin-based cationic photosensitizers with the potential for use in cancer photodynamic
therapy can be interesting.

Methods:
In this research, new tetracationic meso substituted chlorins were designed, synthesized,
and characterized. After determining the chemical structure and spectroscopic properties of five
new photosensitizers, their phototoxicity on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) was investigated under
optimized conditions in terms of factors such as photosensitizer concentrations and light intensity.

Results:
The results of cytotoxicity assayed by the MTT method showed that the synthesized
compounds, even up to the concentration of 50 μM had very low toxicity in the absence of light,
which indicates their safety under dark conditions. Compounds A1 and A3 with the best physicochemical
properties such as solubility, high absorption intensity in the effective range of photodynamic
therapy, and the high quantum yield of singlet oxygen, had a good toxic effect (IC50 = 0.5
μM) on the cancer cells (MCF-7) in the presence of laser light.

Conclusion:
According to the obtained results, compounds A1 and A3 have the potential to continue
research on PDT for confirmation and use in treatment.
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision and Incident HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China (The CoM Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gao Yanxiao , Zheng Weiran , Sun Yinghui , Yang Luoyao , Guo Zhihui , Li Yuwei , Lin Yi-Fan , Lu Zhen , Yuan Tanwei , Zhan Yuewei , Qian Han-Zhu , Su Bin , Zhu Zhiqiang , Duan Junyi , Wang Guanghui , Cui Xin , Ouyang Lin , Sheng Genshen , Zhou Yepeng , Long Ao , Yao Yuming , Fitzpatrick Thomas , Yu Maohe , Wu Guohui , Zou Huachun 
Published: May 2023

Background
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses based on observational studies have shown voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) may reduce HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM). There is a lack of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data assessing the efficacy of VMMC.

Objective
The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of VMMC for preventing HIV acquisition among MSM who primarily engage in insertive anal sex.

Methods
A multicenter RCT will be conducted among MSM in 8 cities in China. Eligible participants are men aged 18-49 years who self-report ≥2 male sex partners in the past 6 months, predominantly practice insertive anal sex, and are willing to undergo circumcision. Interested men who satisfy inclusion criteria will be tested for HIV 1 month before enrollment and at enrollment, and only those who are HIV negative will be enrolled. At baseline, all enrolled participants will be asked to report sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors; provide a blood sample for HIV, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 testing; and provide a penile swab for human papillomavirus testing. Participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Those in the intervention group will receive VMMC and undergo a web-based weekly follow-up assessment of postsurgery healing for 6 consecutive weeks. All participants will be tested for HIV at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. All participants will also be asked to report sexual behaviors and undergo repeat herpes simplex virus type 2 and human papillomavirus testing at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The primary end point is HIV seroconversion. Secondary end points are the safety and satisfaction with VMMC and the changes in sexual behaviors after VMMC. The grouped censored data will be analyzed by intention-to-treat approach.

Results
Recruitment for the RCT began in August 2020 and continued through July 2022. Data collection is expected to be completed by July 2023, and full data analysis is going to be completed by September 2023.

Conclusions
This study will be the first RCT to assess the efficacy of VMMC in preventing HIV infection among MSM. Results from this trial will provide preliminary evidence for the potential efficacy of VMMC to reduce incident HIV infection among MSM.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000039436; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=63369

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/47160
Enhancing Learning About Epidemiological Data Analysis Using R for Graduate Students in Medical Fields With Jupyter Notebook: Classroom Action Research
Authors: Kumwichar Ponlagrit 
Published: May 2023

Background
Graduate students in medical fields must learn about epidemiology and data analysis to conduct their research. R is a software environment used to develop and run packages for statistical analysis; it can be challenging for students to learn because of compatibility with their computers and problems with package installations. Jupyter Notebook was used to run R, which enhanced the graduate students’ ability to learn epidemiological data analysis by providing an interactive and collaborative environment that allows for more efficient and effective learning.

Objective
This study collected class reflections from students and their lecturer in the class “Longitudinal Data Analysis Using R,” identified problems that occurred, and illustrated how Jupyter Notebook can solve those problems.

Methods
The researcher analyzed issues encountered in the previous class and devised solutions using Jupyter Notebook. These solutions were then implemented and applied to a new group of students. Reflections from the students were regularly collected and documented in an electronic form. The comments were then thematically analyzed and compared to those of the prior cohort.

Results
Improvements that were identified included the ease of using Jupyter R for data analysis without needing to install packages, increased student questioning due to curiosity, and students having the ability to immediately use all code functions. After using Jupyter Notebook, the lecturer could stimulate interest more effectively and challenge students. Furthermore, they highlighted that students responded to questions. The student feedback shows that learning R with Jupyter Notebook was effective in stimulating their interest. Based on the feedback received, it can be inferred that using Jupyter Notebook to learn R is an effective approach for equipping students with an all-encompassing comprehension of longitudinal data analysis.

Conclusions
The use of Jupyter Notebook can improve graduate students’ learning experience for epidemiological data analysis by providing an interactive and collaborative environment that is not affected by compatibility issues with different operating systems and computers.
Representation of the Elderly in Thomas More’s ‘Utopia’ and Lois Lowry’s ‘The Giver’
Authors: Leine Antra 
Published: May 2023

While the first utopias manifested aspirations for a better socio-political system, dystopias typically reflect societal fears and concerns that are intensified by the twentieth century’s political and social crises that, besides other significant turns, have caused a rethinking of the role of the elderly in the society. While, typically, the protagonists of dystopias are very young or middle-aged, they often must interact with the previous generations to achieve their goals, thus providing an exciting field for analysis of how these elderlies are depicted in dystopian novels. The methodology for comparing the treatment of the elderly in Utopia with the treatment of the elderly in Lois Lowry’s The Giver involves literary analysis and a comparison of the specific ways in which the elderly in both works are depicted. Special attention is paid to the specific ways in which they are treated and the roles they are assigned in their respective societies, as well as the level of respect and care they are shown especially at the end of their lives. The characteristic attitude towards the elderly suggested by More in Utopia is masterfully rendered in Lowry’s twentieth-century dystopia, The Giver. The study reveals that the treatment of the elderly has often been discriminatory in More’s work Utopia and is deliberately portrayed as such in Lowry’s novel.