bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐based dosing optimization and therapeutic drug monitoring practices of teicoplanin in patients with complicated or non‐complicated methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Shan , Chen Ye‐Li , Wang Yu‐Zhen , Chen Chuang , Chen Yao‐Jie , Xu Fang‐Min , Dai Ying , Shi Da‐Wei , Lin Guan‐Yang , Yu Xu‐ben , Xiang Dan‐Zhu , Zhang Chun‐Hong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aims to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of teicoplanin in Chinese adult patients to evaluate the dosing regimen in the label sheet and optimize it.MethodsNonlinear mixed‐effects modelling was used to estimate PK parameters. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the attainment of various dosing regimens in achieving the target trough concentrations in patients with normal or decreased renal function.ResultsA total of 115 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Creatinine clearance (CrCL) and albumin (ALB) were identified as covariates on the clearance of teicoplanin. For the treatment of non‐complicated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in patients with normal renal function and serum ALB concentration, the recommended dosing regimen was 600 mg q12h with five administrations as the loading dose followed by 600 mg qd as the maintenance dose; for the treatment of serious and/or complicated MRSA infections, the recommended dosing regimen was 800 mg q12h with five administrations as the loading dose followed by 800 mg qd as the maintenance dose. It is worth noting that both the loading and maintenance doses ought to be modified based on the patient's renal function and serum ALB concentration. In addition, trough concentrations of teicoplanin were significantly increased every other week.ConclusionsBoth loading dosing and maintenance dosing regimens were recommended to be adjusted according to patient's renal function and serum ALB concentration. In addition, it is necessary to perform follow‐up therapeutic drug monitoring of teicoplanin at least once every week.
In‐game performance: The role of students' socio‐economic status, self‐efficacy and situational interest in an augmented reality game
Authors: Arztmann Michaela , Domínguez Alfaro Jessica Lizeth , Hornstra Lisette , Jeuring Johan , Kester Liesbeth 
Published: September 2023

Digital games are widely used in education to motivate students for science. Additionally, augmented reality (AR) is increasingly used in education. However, recent research indicates that these technologies might not be equally beneficial for students with different background characteristics. Moreover, students with different backgrounds may differ in their self‐efficacy and interest when playing games and this could lead to differences in performance. Given the increased use of games and immersive technologies in education, it is important to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of games for different student groups. This study focused on the role of students' socio‐economic status (SES) and examined whether SES was associated with in‐game performance and whether interest and self‐efficacy mediated potential associations between SES and in‐game performance. Since log data are increasingly used to predict learning outcomes and can provide valuable insights into individual behaviour, in‐game performance was assessed with the use of log data. In total, 276 early secondary school students participated in this study. The results indicate that SES has no direct or indirect effect through self‐efficacy and interest on in‐game performance. However, a lower self‐efficacy increased the likelihood to drop out of the game. These findings suggest that students from different socio‐economic backgrounds are equally interested and self‐efficacious while playing the game and that their performance is not affected by their background. The affordances of AR as an immersive learning environment might be motivating enough to help mitigate possible SES differences in students.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Digital games are an effective tool to increase motivation and learning outcomes of students.
Students' self‐efficacy and situational interest influence learning outcomes and in‐game performance.
It is unclear whether digital games are equally effective for students with different socio‐economic status.
What this paper adds

Socio‐economic status (SES) of students does not affect in‐game performance.
Students with different SES are equally interested and self‐efficacious.
Lower self‐efficacy and lower school track influence the likelihood of dropout.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Socio‐economic status does not fortify the possible performance differences between students and games can be utilized as a learning tool that motivates all students equally.
There are students who do not optimally benefit when games are implemented in education and who may need additional support.
Curious about threats: Morbid curiosity and interest in conspiracy theories in US adults
Authors: Scrivner Coltan , Stubbersfield Joseph M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConspiracy theories allege secret plots between two or more powerful actors to achieve an outcome, sometimes explaining important events or proposing alternative understandings of reality in opposition to mainstream accounts, and commonly highlight the threat presented by the plot and its conspirators. Research in psychology proposes that belief in conspiracy theories is motivated by a desire to understand threats and is predicted by increased anxiety. Morbid curiosity describes the tendency to seek out information about threatening or dangerous situations and is associated with an interest in threat‐related entertainment and increased anxiety. Across three studies, we investigated the relationship between morbid curiosity and conspiracy theories in US‐based samples. We found that higher trait morbid curiosity was associated with higher general conspiracist beliefs (Study 1) and the perceived threat of conspiratorial explanations of events (Study 2). Using a behavioural choice paradigm, we found that participants who chose to investigate morbidly curious stimuli were more likely to choose to learn about conspiratorial explanations for events (Study 3). Greater curiosity about the minds of dangerous people was consistently the strongest predictor of conspiratorial ideation and interest. These results suggest that morbid curiosity is an important but hitherto unstudied predictor of conspiratorial interest and belief.
Outdoor Alternaria and Cladosporium spores and acute asthma
Authors: Olsen Yulia , Arildskov Elias , Hansen Stefan Nygaard , Pedersen Marianne , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Kloster Mathilde , Sigsgaard Torben 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundOutdoor Alternaria and Cladosporium spores are ubiquitous. Few studies have assessed their impact on asthma hospitalizations providing conflicting results, mainly focused on vulnerable paediatric populations. We aimed to study the impact of outdoor Alternaria and Cladosporium concentrations on acute hospitalizations in the Capital Region of Denmark.MethodsThis is a bi‐directional case‐crossover study with 26 years of national registry data at individual level on acute asthma hospitalizations and daily average data on Alternaria and Cladosporium, pollen (Artemisia, Poaceae), maximal temperature, and air pollution. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations. Concentration quartiles at lag 0 were used for categorizing the exposure.ResultsFor lags 0–2, the odds of hospitalization were significantly higher for both Alternaria and Cladosporium at concentration quartile 2–4 compared with quartile 1. When stratified for age and sex, odds of hospitalization at Alternaria quartiles 2–4 were significantly higher in males below 40 years at lag 0–2, and at lag 0 in females (18–30 years), while quartiles 2–4 of Cladosporium concentrations were associated with significantly higher odds in boys (0–17 years) at lag 1–3, males (18–39 years) at lag 0–1, females (18–39 years) at lag 1–2, males (40–64 years) at lag 0–2, females (40–64 years) at lag 0 and 2, in seniors (65+ years) male at lag 1–2 and female at lag 0–1. The effect of Alternaria varied significantly depending on the level of Cladosporium (p < .0001).ConclusionAmbient Alternaria and Cladosporium spores can induce asthma hospitalizations. Males are more susceptible to both genera. Males and females under age 40 years are more susceptible to Alternaria.
Isolated central hypothyroidism: Underlying pathophysiology and relation to antidepressant and antipsychotic medications—A multi‐centre South Wales study
Authors: Keen Frederick , Williams David M. , Essame Jenna , Udiawar Maneesh , Nagarajah Kalyani , Witczak Justyna , Mitchem Kelly , Kalhan Atul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveIsolated biochemical central hypothyroidism is a presentation we are experiencing more frequently as endocrinologists, with variation in levels of investigation between physicians. We therefore conducted research to investigate the final diagnosis and clinical outcome of patients across multiple hospitals in South Wales with biochemical isolated central hypothyroidism; namely to establish whether this isolated biochemical picture was clinically significant. We also analysed whether there is an association between this biochemical picture and treatment with antidepressant and antipsychotic medications, and how common this is.DesignWe performed a retrospective observational study of patients across nine different hospitals in South Wales. We analysed patients referred to endocrinology at each site over a 6‐year period with unexplained isolated biochemical central hypothyroidism.Materials and Methodology1022 individual patients' thyroid function test results were identified from our biochemical database using our inclusion criteria. After exclusion criteria were applied, 71 patients' results were analysed as to the final pathophysiology of their central hypothyroidism.ResultOf the 71 patients included in the study, none were found to have any clinically significant pathology on pituitary imaging. On reviewing their medications, 46/71 (65%) were found to be taking psychotropic medications.ConclusionsOur study strongly suggests isolated central hypothyroidism, in the absence of other pituitary hormone dysfunction or visual field defect, does not require further investigation, saving resources as well as sparing patients unnecessary anxiety. It also strongly supports a relationship between patients taking psychotropic medications and biochemical isolated central hypothyroidism, an association only described in a very limited amount of literature before this, and further supporting our previous single‐centre study findings. The mechanism behind this is likely to be the suppression of thyrotropin secretion via antagonism of the dopamine‐serotoninergic pathway. In our opinion, patients found to have isolated biochemical central hypothyroidism who are taking psychotropic medications can therefore be regarded to have a recognised cause for this biochemical finding and do not require further radiological investigation.
Efficacy of telepractice, an alternative therapy tool during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, for speech disorders related to congenital anomalies
Authors: Hayakawa Toko , Imura Hideto , Inoue Chisako , Mori Tomoko , Aihara Yoshiko , Tsujiuchi Shion , Niimi Teruyuki , Natsume Nagato 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince telepractice regulation does not yet exist in Japan, we assessed telepractice efficacy and the level of satisfaction with telepractice versus that with face‐to‐face practice (FTFP) in speech therapy to establish effective telepractice in Japan. Changes in the number of therapy sessions and therapy levels were compared between telepractice and FTFP sessions conducted during the study period. Additionally, the patients' parents completed a questionnaire survey regarding telepractice. The mean number of sessions was not significantly different between the two types of therapy; the therapy levels, according to stepwise speech therapy, either increased or remained unchanged. The survey showed satisfaction with telepractice among all parents. Telepractice for cleft palate speech was delivered successfully with complete parental satisfaction.
Racism suitable for children? Intersections between child innocence and white innocence
Authors: Yang Ahrong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines the concept of ‘child‐friendliness’ through different notions of innocence in a Danish context. It looks at how such notions are upheld, negotiated and inform ideas of race, making race seem a concern primarily for adults. The analysis is based on empirical material conducted with children (age 11–12) and their discussions about a storyline for a video game. Here race becomes central when the children call one of the locations in their game ‘n‐word Island’. They later reconsider the name because, according to the children, the name is racist and thus not ‘child‐friendly’.
The facial–coronal ridge crest alterations after single immediate implant placement and provisionalization with thin buccal plate phenotype in anterior maxilla: A radiographic case‐series study
Authors: Yi Chun , Jiang Xi , Di Ping , Ren Shuxin , Lin Ye 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the features of and potential landmarks that predict crestal ridge remodeling after immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) with thin buccal plate phenotype in the anterior maxilla.Materials and methodsPatients requiring IIPP of single maxillary incisor with thin buccal bone plate (<1 mm) were recruited. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), performed before and 6 months after the intervention, were three‐dimensionally superimposed. A virtual line connecting the bony emergence points of adjacent teeth was drawn as a reference. The facial–coronal alveolar crest of the extraction socket and healed ridge were located in mesial, middle and distal cross‐sectional planes, and linear ridge reductions were measured. The correlation between ridge reduction and local factors was analyzed.ResultsFifty patients were included. From the extraction socket to healed ridge, the alveolar crest underwent linear bone reduction of 1.50 ± 0.50, 1.54 ± 0.66 and 1.65 ± 0.73 mm in the mesial, middle, and distal regions in an apical–palatal direction. The middle region had significantly higher horizontal (facial–palatal) but lower vertical (coronal–apical) bone reduction than the mesial and distal areas (P < 0.01). The facial–coronal ridge crest of the healed ridge located close to the reference line. Ridge reduction positively correlated with the distance between the initial facial–coronal crest of the extraction socket and the reference line (P < 0.01).ConclusionsAlveolar crest of the socket lost its curvature and tended to attain a flat profile after IIPP due to inconsistent ridge reduction in middle, mesial and distal areas. The reference line may be a potential landmark for predicting the ridge crest after remodeling.
Group 4 ITI Consensus Report: Patient benefits following implant treatment in partially and fully edentulous patients
Authors: Schimmel Martin , Araujo Mauricio , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Buser Ramona , Ebenezer Supriya , Fonseca Manrique , Heitz‐Mayfield Lisa J. , Holtzman Lucrezia Paterno , Kamnoedboon Porawit , Levine Robert , McKenna Gerry , Maniewicz Sabrina , Matarazzo Flavia , Mattheos Nikos , Papaspyridakos Panos , De Souza André Barbisan , Srinivasan Murali , Stilwell Charlotte , Weber Hans Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of Working Group 4 was to address patient benefits associated with implant dentistry. Focused questions on (a) dental patient‐reported outcomes (dPROs), (b) improvement in orofacial function, and (c) preservation of orofacial tissues in partially and fully edentulous patients following provision of implant‐retained/supported dental prostheses were addressed.Materials and MethodsThree systematic reviews formed the basis for discussion. Participants developed statements and recommendations determined by group consensus based on the findings of the systematic reviews. These were then presented and accepted following further discussion and modifications as required by the plenary of the 7th ITI Consensus Conference, taking place in 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal.ResultsEdentulous patients wearing complete dentures (CD) experience substantial improvements in overall dPROs and orofacial function following treatment with either complete implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (CIFDP) or implant overdentures (IODs). With respect to dPROs, mandibular IODs retained by two implants are superior to IODs retained by one implant. However, increasing the number of implants beyond two, does not further improve dPROs. In fully edentulous patients, rehabilitation with CIFDP or IOD is recommended to benefit the preservation of alveolar bone and masseter muscle thickness.ConclusionsCompletely edentulous patients benefit substantially when at least the mandible is restored using an CIFDP or an IOD compared to CD. In fully edentulous patients, implant prostheses are the best option for tooth replacement. The availability of this treatment modality should be actively promoted in all edentulous communities, including those with limited access and means.
Hand eczema in Danish adolescents—Beyond atopic dermatitis
Authors: Simonsen Anne Birgitte , Dietz Jojo Biel‐Nielsen , Johansen Jeanne Duus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema (HE) is a common inflammatory skin disease that may have serious consequences. The age of HE onset varies, but is estimated to be early‐ to mid‐20s. However, very little is known about HE in childhood and adolescence.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the epidemiology, aetiology and severity of HE among a random sample of Danish adolescents drawn from the general population.MethodsThe study was designed as a self‐administered questionnaire study. An electronic questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 13 000 individuals aged 15–19 years.ResultsThe point‐prevalence, 1‐year prevalence and life‐time prevalence of HE among Danish adolescents was 4.9%, 12.1% and 18.3%, respectively. Among patients with a history of HE, 64.6% of cases were not associated with atopic dermatitis. Of all respondents, 60.2% were either part‐time or full‐time employed. Among respondents with current HE, 38.2% believed that the occupational exposures either caused or exacerbated the HE.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of HE among Danish adolescents which raises concern. Knowing the potential consequences that HE may have, attention should be paid to the prevention of HE in adolescence, especially on occupational aspects and prevention of skin disease in young workers.
Intellectual Virtues for Interdisciplinary Research: A Consensual Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Vanney Claudia E. , Mesurado Belén , Sáenz José Ignacio Aguinalde , Richaud María Cristina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThrough a qualitative approach, this study identified a specific subgroup of intellectual virtues necessary for developing interdisciplinary research. Cognitive science was initially conceived as a new discipline emerging from various fields, including philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and anthropology. Thus, a frequent debate among cognitive scientists is whether the initial multidisciplinary program successfully developed into a mature interdisciplinary field or evolved into a set of independent sciences of cognition. For several years, interdisciplinarity has been an aspiration for the academy, although the difficulties limiting the success of interdisciplinary collaborations have begun to erode that initial optimism. Our analysis suggests that the problems hindering the success of interdisciplinarity can be overcome by fostering certain intellectual character strengths in scholars. The Consensual Qualitative Research method was used to analyze nine semi‐structured interviews involving researchers with a long personal trajectory of interdisciplinary research between the sciences and the humanities. Three virtue domains emerged from the interviews’ analysis: (i) intellectual virtues, (ii) social virtues, and (iii) interpersonal intellectual virtues. The virtues of the third domain intersect with intellectual and social ones. They are intellectual because they pursue epistemic goods. But, unlike other intellectual virtues, they only develop in interpersonal settings, so they can also be considered to have a social component. Interpersonal intellectual virtues can be thus defined as intellectual character traits that facilitate the acquisition of knowledge (intellectual motivation) with and through other people in a reciprocal way (social environment). These virtues are essential for developing any successful collective epistemic enterprise, interdisciplinary research being a privileged context where these qualities manifest themselves in a relevant way.
Analysing spatio‐temporal patterns of non‐native fish in a biodiversity hotspot across decades
Authors: Wang Jie , Ding Chengzhi , Heino Jani , Ding Liuyong , Chen Jinnan , He Dekui , Tao Juan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimAnalysing the spatio‐temporal patterns and dynamics of non‐native species is essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying successful invasions and developing effective management strategies. Yet, such analyses generally neglect the influence of receiving ecosystem types and non‐native species sources (i.e. alien species, non‐natives originating outside the concerned region; translocated species, non‐natives introduced to locations outside their historical range within the concerned region).LocationYunnan, China.MethodsWe analysed long‐term (1950–2022) spatio‐temporal patterns and potential underlying dynamics of non‐native fishes in a biodiversity hotspot (Yunnan, China), paying special attention to waterbody types receiving non‐native species and comparing alien and translocated species. We did this through compiling a highly comprehensive occurrence dataset of native and non‐native fishes.ResultsWe recorded 783 native species and 94 non‐native species (49 alien species and 45 translocated species), which mainly belonged to the order Cypriniformes (52 species) and were introduced via purposes for advancing aquaculture. Most frequently encountered non‐native species were either intentionally introduced aquaculture species or small‐bodied fish unintentionally introduced via aquaculture activities. The richness and spatial ranges of non‐native fishes increased consistently since the 1950s and demonstrated a pronounced change after the 2000s, with densely populated areas and the middle to lower reaches of large rivers being more profoundly affected. The number of records of translocated species exceeded the number of records of alien species after the 2000s. Lakes and reservoirs are hotspots for both alien and translocated species introductions, and watersheds with large areas in Yunnan (e.g. the Jinsha‐Yangtze and Lancang‐Mekong basins) contained more non‐native fish.Main ConclusionsOur study highlights the need to consider invasion sensitivities of receiving ecosystems and pay special attention to intra‐regional species translocations when developing prevention and management strategies against invasions of alien species, particularly in important biodiversity hotspots around the world.