bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the Humeral Head Ossification System and the Proximal Femur Maturity Index Assessments for Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Wang Huan , Lu Qing-da , Liu Chen-xin , Yang Shuai , Qi Bo-hai , Bai Huan-an , Qu Ji-ning , Yang Ye , Jin Xiao-hui , Yang Ming , Su Fei , Yang Ya-ting , Jie Qiang 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSkeletal maturity can evaluate the growth and development potential of children and provide a guide for the management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Recent studies have demonstrated the advantages of the Humeral Head Ossification System (HHOS) and the Proximal Femur Maturity Index (PFMI), based on standard scoliosis films, in the management of AIS patients. We further assessed the HHOS and the PFMI method's reliability in the interrater and intrarater.MethodsThe data from 38 patients, including the humeral head and proximal femur on standard scoliosis films, were distributed to the eight raters in the form of a PowerPoint presentation. On 38 independent standard spine radiographs, raters utilized the HHOS and PFMI to assign grades. The PPT sequence was randomly changed and then reevaluated 2 weeks later. For every system, the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to evaluate the interrater and intrarater reliability.ResultsThe HHOS was extremely reliable, with an intraobserver ICC of 0.802. In the first round, the interobserver ICC reliability for the HHOS was 0.955 (0.929–0.974), while in the second round, it was 0.939 (0.905–0.964). The PFMI was extremely reliable, with an intraobserver ICC of 0.888. In the first round, the interobserver ICC reliability for the PFMI was 0.967 (0.948–0.981), while in the second round, it was 0.973 (0.957–0.984).ConclusionsThe HHOS and PFMI classiﬁcations had excellent reliability. These two methods are beneficial to reduce additional exposure to radiation and expense for AIS. There are advantages and disadvantages to each classification. Clinicians should choose a personalized and reasonable method to assess skeletal maturity, which will assist in the management of adolescent scoliosis patients.
Investigation of inner ear drug delivery with a cochlear catheter in piglets as a representative model for human cochlear pharmacokinetics
Authors: Yildiz Erdem , Gadenstaetter Anselm J. , Gerlitz Matthias , Landegger Lukas D. , Liepins Rudolfs , Nieratschker Michael , Glueckert Rudolf , Staecker Hinrich , Honeder Clemens , Arnoldner Christoph 
Published: March 2023

Hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder in humans, and yet hardly any medications are licensed for the treatment of inner ear pathologies. Intricate pharmacokinetic examinations to better understand drug distribution within this complex organ could facilitate the development of novel therapeutics. For such translational research projects, animal models are indispensable, but differences in inner ear dimensions and other anatomical features complicate the transfer of experimental results to the clinic. The gap between rodents and humans may be bridged using larger animal models such as non-human primates. However, their use is challenging and impeded by administrative, regulatory, and financial hurdles. Other large animal models with more human-like inner ear dimensions are scarce. In this study, we analyzed the inner ears of piglets as a potential representative model for the human inner ear and established a surgical approach for intracochlear drug application and subsequent apical sampling. Further, controlled intracochlear delivery of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) was carried out after the insertion of a novel, clinically applicable CE-marked cochlear catheter through the round window membrane. Two, six, and 24 hours after a single injection with this device, the intracochlear FITC-d distribution was determined in sequential perilymph samples. The fluorometrically assessed concentrations two hours after injection were compared to the FITC-d content in control groups, which either had been injected with a simple needle puncture through the round window membrane or the cochlear catheter in combination with a stapes vent hole. Our findings demonstrate not only significantly increased apical FITC-d concentrations when using the cochlear catheter but also higher total concentrations in all perilymph samples. Additionally, the concentration decreased after six and 24 hours and showed a more homogenous distribution compared to shorter observation times.
Cordyceps militaris extracts and cordycepin ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites
Authors: Liu Xinyuan , Dun Mengqian , Jian Tongtong , Sun Yuqing , Wang Mingyu , Zhang Guoying , Ling Jianya 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:Cordyceps militaris, which has many potential medicinal properties, has rarely been reported to alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: The effects of C. militaris extracts (CE) and cordycepin (CCS) on high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) induced T2DM mice were analysed by gut microbiome and metabolomics methods in this study.Results: The results demonstrated that glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammation cytokines were down-regulated in the CCS and CE groups. A comparative analysis of the fecal samples from mice in the model and experimental groups showed that experimental groups resulted in a higher abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes.Conclusion: This study provides evidence that C. militaris can be used as a food supplement to relieve T2DM, which provides a promising prospect for new functional food in it.
Transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that phosphate improves the cold tolerance of alfalfa
Authors: Wang Yuntao , Sun Zhen , Wang Qiqi , Xie Jihong , Yu Linqing 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a highly nutritious leguminous forage that plays an essential role in animal husbandry. In the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, there are problems with its low rates of overwintering and production. The application of phosphate (P) is an important measure to improve the cold resistance and production of alfalfa, but little is known about the mechanism of P in improving the cold resistance of alfalfa.MethodsThis study integrated the transcriptome and metabolome to explain the mechanism of alfalfa in response to low-temperature stress under two applications of P (50 and 200 mg kg-1) and a control of none applied.ResultsThe application of P fertilizer improved the root structure and increased the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the root crown. In addition, there were 49 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 23 upregulated and 24 metabolites with 12 upregulated when 50 mg kg-1 of P was applied. In contrast, there were 224 DEGs with 173 upregulated and 12 metabolites with 6 upregulated in the plants treated with 200 mg kg-1 of P compared with the Control Check (CK). These genes and metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites and the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and amino acids. The integration of the transcriptome and metabolome indicated that P affected the biosynthesis of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, L-serine, lactose, and isocitrate during the period of increasing cold. It could also affect the expression of related genes that regulate cold tolerance in alfalfa.DiscussionOur findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanism that alfalfa uses to tolerate cold and lay a theoretical foundation for breeding alfalfa that is highly efficient at utilizing phosphorus.
Optimizing plant spatial competition can change phytohormone content and promote tillering, thereby improving wheat yield
Authors: Liu Pan , Yin Baozhong , Liu Xuejing , Gu Limin , Guo Jinkao , Yang Mingming , Zhen Wenchao 
Published: March 2023

As an important type of interplant competition, line-spacing shrinkage and row-spacing expansion (LSRE) can increase the number of tillers and improve resource utilization efficiency in wheat. Wheat tillering is closely related to various phytohormones. However, it is unclear whether LSRE regulates phytohormones and their relationship to tillering and wheat yield. This study evaluated tillering characteristics, phytohormone content in tiller nodes at the pre-winter stage, and grain yield factors for the winter wheat variety Malan1. We used a two-factor randomized block trial design with two sowing spacings of 15 cm (15RS, conventional treatment) and 7.5 cm (7.5RS, LSRE treatment) at the same density and three sowing-date groups (SD1, SD2, and SD3). LSRE significantly promoted wheat tillering and biomass at the pre-winter stage (average increases of 14.5% and 20.9% in the three sowing-date groups, respectively) and shortened the accumulated temperature required for a single tiller. Changes in the levels of phytohormones, including decreased gibberellin and indole acetic acid and increased zeatin riboside and strigolactones, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown to be responsible for the tillering process under LSRE treatment in winter wheat. LSRE treatment can improve crop yield by increasing the number of spikes per unit area and grain weight. Our results clarified the changes in tillering and phytohormones content of winter wheat under LSRE treatment and their correlation with grain yield. This study also provides insights into the physiological mechanisms of alleviating inter-plant competition to improve crop yield.
Mindfulness skills and experiential avoidance as therapeutic mechanisms for treatment-resistant depression through mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification
Authors: Garcia-Toro Mauro , Aguilar-Latorre Alejandra , Garcia Aurora , Navarro-Guzmán Capilla , Gervilla Elena , Seguí Andrea , Gazquez Francisco , Marino Jose Antonio , Gomez-Juanes Rocío , Serrano-Ripoll María J. , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Garcia-Campayo Javier , Maloney Shannon , Montero-Marin Jesús 
Published: March 2023

Background/objectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic and consequent physical distancing has made it difficult to provide care for those with Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). As a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, the aim of this study was to explore potential mechanisms through which three online-delivered approaches, added to treatment as usual, improve depressive symptoms in TRD patients.MethodsThe three approaches included (a) Minimal Lifestyle Intervention (MLI), (b) Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), and (c) Lifestyle Modification Program (LMP). Sixty-six participants with TRD completed assessments pre-post intervention (mindfulness skills [FFMQ]; self-compassion [SCS]; and experiential avoidance [AAQ-II]) and pre-intervention to follow-up (depressive symptoms [BDI-II]). Data were analyzed using within-subjects regression models to test mediation.ResultsMindfulness skills mediated the effect of MBCT on depressive symptoms (ab = −4.69, 95% CI = −12.93 to−0.32), whereas the lack of experiential avoidance mediated the effect of LMP on depressive symptoms (ab = −3.22, 95% CI = −7.03 to−0.14).ConclusionStrengthening mindfulness skills and decreasing experiential avoidance may promote recovery in patients with TRD, MBCT, and LMP have demonstrated that they may help increase mindfulness skills and decrease experiential avoidance, respectively. Future work will need to unpick the components of these interventions to help isolate active ingredients and increase optimization.
Building partnerships in education through a story-tool based intervention: Parental involvement experiences among families with Roma backgrounds
Authors: Moreira Tânia , Martins Juliana , Silva Cátia , Berrocal de Luna Emilio , Martins Joana , Moreira Daniela , Rosário Pedro 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionSchool educators are likely to explain the poor educational trajectories of students with Roma backgrounds related to the lack of parental support and interest in children’s education. Aiming to understand further the patterns of Roma group’s parental involvement in children’s school life and their engagement experiences in school-related activities, the current research set an intervention supported by a culturally sensitive story-tool.MethodGrounded in the intervention-based research framework, 12 participants (i.e., mothers) from different Portuguese Roma groups participated in this study. Data was collected through interviews conducted pre-and postintervention. Eight weekly sessions were delivered in the school context, using a story-tool and hands- on activities to generate culturally significant meanings regarding attitudes, beliefs, and values toward children’s educational trajectories.ResultsThrough the lens of acculturation theory, data analysis provided important findings under two overarching topics: patterns of parental involvement in children’s school life and participants’ engagement in the intervention program.DiscussionData show the distinct ways Roma parents participate in children’s education and the relevance of mainstream contexts providing an atmosphere likely to build collaborative relationships with parents to overcome barriers to parental involvement.
The positivity bias of Chinese temporal collective self: Evidence from the first-person perspective and the third-person perspective
Authors: Yue Caizhen , Long Yihong , Ni Chaomei , Wu Huating , Zhao Dexuan 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveAs a unique part of human thinking, people can project themselves into the past or the future for mental time travel. This study attempts to expand the temporal self into the domain of the collective self.MethodsWe used an adapted temporal collective self-reference paradigm to probe into the positivity bias of temporal collective self in this study. In Experiment 1, the first-person perspective was adopted for the participants to conduct the temporal collective self-reference processing, and the third-person perspective was adopted for the temporal collective self-reference processing in Experiment 2.ResultsThe findings indicated that no matter from the first-person perspective or the third-person perspective, people show positivity bias in the trait adjectives judgment, response times and recognition rates during the temporal collective self-processing.DiscussionThis study explores mental time travel on the level of collective self, and contributes to deepening the understanding of temporal collective self.
Teachers at risk: Depressive symptoms, emotional intelligence, and burnout during COVID-19
Authors: Sánchez-Pujalte Laura , Gómez Yepes Talía , Etchezahar Edgardo , Navarro Mateu Diego 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies indicated that depressive symptoms are common among teachers due to job stress and difficulty in managing emotions. The aim of this research was to determine the levels of depressive symptomatology in a sample of secondary school teachers who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the relationships with their levels of burnout and emotional intelligence.MethodsThe study involved 430 secondary school teachers residing in Madrid (Spain) who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants' age was between 25 and 60 (M = 41.40; SD = 11.07) and the gender distribution was 53.72% men and 46.28% women. We used the Spanish version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Maslach Burnout Inventory Educators Survey (MBI-ES) and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24).ResultsThe main results indicated that teachers presented high means of depressive symptomatology, with women obtaining higher scores than men. Significant relationships were also observed between the levels of depressive symptomatology and the dimensions of burnout and emotional intelligence. Finally, the three dimensions of emotional intelligence would contribute to the depressive symptomatology of teachers, while of the burnout dimensions only Emotional Exhaustion would make a contribution.ConclusionThe possible consequences of depressive symptomatology in teachers during the pandemic are discussed, as well as the need to enhance protective factors such as emotional intelligence and to study burnout levels.
Analysis of university students' participation in emergency education and its influencing factors in Shandong province
Authors: Jie Du , Mengzhe Yang , Huiwen Luo , Junchang Lin , Yuhui Zhang 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to understand the current situation of university students' participation in emergency education and its influencing factors in Shandong province, to improve the enthusiasm of university students' involvement in emergency training and exercise activities, and to provide a reference for universities to carry out education on public health emergencies.MethodsFrom April to May 2020, 6,630 university students were selected from six universities in Shandong province by stratified random sampling. Descriptive analysis, χ2 test, and logistic regression for statistical analysis were also used.ResultsOverall, 35.5 and 55.8% of university students believed that it is necessary to participate in emergency education activities, and 65.8% of university students participated in emergency training and exercise activities. Through multivariate analysis, the results showed that university students who are men, sophomores, medical students, from within the province, the only child, have good health, take emergency education courses, think it is necessary to participate in emergency education, think the school attaches great importance to emergency education, believe that the professional teacher level to meet needs, know about public health emergencies, have received emergency education such as prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and have a higher participation rate of emergency education and training activities.ConclusionThe willingness of university students to participate in emergency education in Shandong province is high, but the willingness in emergency training and exercise activities is low. Gender, grade, profession, and students' nationalities, whether it is only children, health, the school courses in emergency education situations, the value of emergency education, emergency education to participate, the degree of teachers' professional level to meet the requirements, a public health emergency condition as well as the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as emergency education are the main influencing factors for university students' participation in emergency training and exercise activities in Shandong province.
Advancing health equity through partnerships of state Medicaid agencies, Medicaid managed care organizations, and health care delivery organizations
Authors: Thorndike Anna L. , Peterson Lauren , Spitzer Sivan , Patel Shilpa , Smithey Anne , Moore Jennifer E. , Cook Scott C , Chin Marshall H. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundReducing health inequities in marginalized populations, including people with Medicaid insurance, requires care transformation to address medical and social needs that is supported and incentivized by tailored payment methods. Collaboration across health care stakeholders is essential to overcome health system fragmentation and implement sustainable reform in the United States (U.S.). This paper explores how multi-stakeholder teams operationalized the Roadmap to Advance Health Equity model during early stages of their journey to (a) build cultures of equity and (b) integrate health equity into care transformation and payment reform initiatives.MethodsAdvancing Health Equity: Leading Care, Payment, and Systems Transformation is a national program in the U.S. funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation that brings together multi-stakeholder teams to design and implement initiatives to advance health equity. Each team consisted of representatives from state Medicaid agencies, Medicaid managed care organizations, and health care delivery organizations in seven U.S. states. Between June and September 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives (n = 23) from all seven teams about experiences implementing the Roadmap to Advance Health Equity model with technical assistance from Advancing Health Equity.ResultsFacilitators of building cultures of equity included (1) build upon preexisting intra-organizational cultures of equity, (2) recruit and promote diverse staff and build an inclusive culture, and (3) train staff on health equity and anti-racism. Teams faced challenges building inter-organizational cultures of equity. Facilitators of identifying a health equity focus area and its root causes included (1) use data to identify a health equity focus and (2) overcome stakeholder assumptions about inequities. Facilitators of implementing care transformation and payment reform included (1) partner with Medicaid members and individual providers and (2) support and incentivize equitable care and outcomes with payment. Facilitators of sustainability planning included (1) identify evidence of improved health equity focus and (2) maintain relationships among stakeholders. Teams faced challenges determining the role of the state Medicaid agency.ConclusionsMulti-stakeholder teams shared practical strategies for implementing the Roadmap to Advance Health Equity that can inform future efforts to build intra- and inter-organizational cultures of equity and integrate health equity into care delivery and payment systems.
Frailty and comorbidity burden in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Salis Francesco , Palimodde Antonella , Demelas Giorgia , Scionis Maria Ilaria , Mandas Antonella 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundWith the aging of the population, the characterization of frailty and comorbidity burden is increasingly taking on particular importance. The aims of the present study are to analyze such conditions in a population affected by Atrial Fibrillation (AF), matching it with a population without AF, and to recognize potential independent factors associated with such common cardiovascular disease.MethodsThis study included subjects consecutively evaluated over 5 years at the Geriatric Outpatient Service, University Hospital of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. A sum of 1981 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The AF-group was made up of 330 people, and another 330 people were randomly selected to made up the non-AF-group. The sample was subjected to Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA).ResultsIn our sample, severe comorbidity burden (p = 0.01) and frailty status (p = 0.04) were significantly more common in patients with AF than without AF, independently on gender and age. Furthermore, the 5-years follow-up demonstrated that survival probability was significantly higher in AF-group (p = 0.03). The multivariate analysis (AUC: 0.808) showed that the presence of AF was independently positively associated with a history of coronary heart disease (OR: 2.12) and cerebrovascular disease (OR: 1.64), with the assumption of Beta Blockers (OR: 3.39), and with the number of drugs taken (OR: 1.12), and negatively associated with the assumption of antiplatelets (OR: 0.09).ConclusionsElderly people with AF are frailer, have more severe comorbidities, and take more drugs, in particular beta blockers, than people without AF, who conversely have a higher survival probability. Furthermore, it is necessary to pay attention to antiplatelets, especially in AF-group, in order to avoid dangerous under- or over-prescriptions.