bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of seven-beam optics using dielectric lenses for a new 72–116 GHz receiver in the Nobeyama 45 m telescope
Authors: Yamasaki Yasumasa , Hasegawa Yutaka , Yoneyama Sho , Kawashita Sana , Chinen Tsubasa , Masui Sho , Nosohara Chiaki , Sun Heyang , Dakie Shuto , Kameyama Akira , Fujitomo Ikko , Nishikawa Yuma , Ogawa Hideo , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Nishimura Atsushi , Miyazawa Chieko , Takahashi Toshikazu , Maekawa Jun , Gonzalez Alvaro , Kojima Takafumi , Imada Hiroaki , Kaneko Keiko , Sakai Ryo , Sakai Takeshi , Onishi Toshikazu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We developed a new seven-beam heterodyne receiver “7BEE” in the 72–116 GHz band for the Nobeyama 45 m telescope to investigate the early stage of star formation by deriving the deuterium fraction of dense cores. The optics for the receiver employs wideband corrugated horns covering the 72–116 GHz band and dielectric lenses to couple the incoming radiation from the antenna on to the feeds. One of the important aspects in the lens design is the anti-reflection (AR) structure to mitigate the reflections on the lens surfaces. Triangular grooves, which gradually change the effective refractive index from air to dielectric, were adopted as a basic AR design since the return loss can be in the order of 20 dB or better. The main goal of this study is to compare the radio frequency (RF) characteristics of the lenses with different patterns and sizes of AR grooving structures. We confirmed that concentric grooves degraded beam symmetry, cross-polarization characteristics, and aperture efficiency due to the birefringence of the grooves, which gave rise to wavefront distortions. Straight grooves of two different gap widths, 1.2 mm and 1.7 mm, were compared and showed similar good performance in terms of beam patterns and noise contribution. However, the latter showed a few percent higher aperture efficiency. Therefore, the straight grooves with 1.7 mm gap width were adopted as the AR structure of our lens.
Genome Sequences of Four Isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the Causal Agent of Black Rot
Authors: Yu Fangwei , Zhang Wei , Wang Shenyun , Yu Li , Fei Zhangjun , Li Jianbin 
Published: March 2023

Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ( Xcc) poses a threat to cruciferous crops worldwide. Here, we report the genome sequences of four Xcc isolates, which were assembled using a combination of Nanopore long-read and MGISEQ-2000 short-read sequences. The assembled genomes of the isolates collected in Dingxi (Gansu Province), Ji'nan (Shandong Province), and Yixing (Jiangsu Province) are 5,127,125, 5,124,023, and 5,088,826 bp in size, respectively, and harbor 4,683, 4,680, and 4,608 protein-coding genes, respectively, whereas the isolate collected in Tianjin (Tianjin Municipality) has a chromosome of 5,131,420 bp and a plasmid of 38,762 bp, harboring 4,684 and 48 protein-coding genes, respectively. These genome data provide valuable resources for studies that will enrich our understanding of genomic evolution and genetic diversity of Xcc isolates and the molecular basis of Xcc-host interactions, thereby assisting the development of novel strategies for effectively controlling the disease caused by Xcc. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Pregnancy
Authors: Feng Qiaoli , Cui Qianwen , Xiao Zhansong , Liu Zengyou , Fan Shangrong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pregnancy is a physiological state that predisposes women to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, a disease that can cause adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease is known to vary by viral strain; however, evidence for the effects of this virus in pregnant women has yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we describe maternal and perinatal outcomes, vaccination, and vertical transmission, among pregnant women infected with the different SARS-CoV-2 variants identified to date. We also summarize existing evidence for maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with specific information relating to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our analysis showed that Omicron infection was associated with fewer severe maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes while the Delta variant was associated with worse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal deaths arising from COVID-19 were found to be rare (<1.0%), irrespective of whether the virus was a wild-type strain or a variant. Severe maternal morbidity was more frequent for the Delta variant (10.3%), followed by the Alpha (4.7%), wild-type (4.5%), and Omicron (2.9%) variants. The rates of stillbirth were 0.8%, 4.1%, 3.1%, and 2.3%, respectively, in pregnancies infected with the wild-type strain, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants, respectively. Preterm birth and admission to neonatal intensive care units were more common for cases with the Delta infection (19.0% and 18.62%, respectively), while risks were similar for those infected with the wild-type (14.7% and 11.2%, respectively), Alpha (14.9% and 13.1%), and Omicron variants (13.2% and 13.8%, respectively). As COVID-19 remains a global pandemic, and new SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, research relating to the specific impact of new variants on pregnant women needs to be expanded.
Medications for alcohol use disorder improve survival in patients with hazardous drinking and alcohol-associated cirrhosis
Authors: Rabiee Anahita , Mahmud Nadim , Falker Caroline , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe , Taddei Tamar , Kaplan David E. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) are highly effective in achieving and maintaining abstinence in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Our aim was to evaluate the effect of MAUD on all-cause mortality in patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis and active alcohol use.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis and high-risk alcohol use disorder in the Veterans Outcomes and Costs Associated with Liver Disease (VOCAL) database. Propensity score matching for exposure to MAUD (acamprosate or naltrexone) within a year after cirrhosis diagnosis was performed to account for potential confounders, and the association between MAUD and all-cause mortality was subsequently evaluated using Cox regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 9131 patients were included, of whom 886 (9.7%) were exposed to MAUD (naltrexone: 520, acamprosate: 307, both medications: 59). The duration of MAUD exposure was >3 months in 345 patients (39%). The strongest positive predictor of MAUD prescription was an inpatient diagnosis code for AUD, followed by a concurrent diagnosis of depression; the strongest negative predictor was a history of cirrhosis decompensation. After propensity score matching (866 patients in each group) with excellent covariate balance (absolute standardized mean differences <0.1), MAUD exposure was associated with improved survival, with an HR of 0.80 relative to no MAUD exposure (95% CI: 0.67–0.97, p = 0.024).

Conclusion:
MAUD are underutilized in patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis with high-risk alcohol use behavior but are associated with improved survival after adjustment for confounders such as the severity of liver disease, age, and engagement in the healthcare system.
Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Pupillary Functions in Early-Stage Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Bayraktar Serdar , Hondur Gözde , Şekeroğlu Mehmet Ali , Şen Emine 
Published: March 2023

Précis:
The dynamic parameters of the pupil, evaluated with an automated pupillometry device, differ in newly diagnosed early-stage primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients compared with healthy individuals, and this may guide us in early diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma.

Introduction and Aim:
To quantitatively determine static and dynamic pupillary functions in treatment-naive, newly diagnosed early-stage POAG patients and compare them with healthy controls.

Methods:
Forty eye of forty subjects with early POAG were compared with 71 eye of 71 age- matched and sex-matched healthy controls in terms of static and dynamic pupillary functions in this prospective and cross-sectional study. Static and dynamic pupillary functions were obtained with an automated pupillometry device. Static pupillometry parameters are pupil diameter (mm) in high photopic (100 cd/m2), low photopic (10 cd/m2), mesopic (1 cd/m2), and scotopic (0.1 cd/m2) light conditions. Dynamic pupillometry parameters are resting diameter (mm), amplitude (mm), latency (ms), duration (ms), and velocity (mm/s) of pupil contraction and dilation. Measured data were evaluated and compared with t test for independent groups.

Results:
Duration of pupil contraction was lower, (P=0.04) latency of pupil dilation time was longer, (P=0.03) duration of pupil dilation was shorter (P=0.04) and velocity of pupil dilation was lower (P=0.02) in the POAG group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of static pupillometry characteristics and the resting pupil diameter (P>0.05 for all values).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that dynamic pupillary light responses may be affected in early-stage POAG compared with the normal population. Longitudinal studies with larger series are needed to better understand the quantitative changes in dynamic pupillometry functions in early-stage POAG.
Patterns and prognostic values of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a retrospective analysis of 34 years of National Cancer Center data in China
Authors: Zhang Chaoqi , Zhang Guochao , Xue Liyan , Zhang Zhihui , Zeng Qingpeng , Wu Peng , Wang Lide , Yang Zhaoyang , Zheng Bo , Tan Fengwei , Xue Qi , Gao Shugeng , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) is an extremely rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy with a strikingly poor prognosis. Given the great clinical successes of checkpoint immunotherapies, we explored the expression profile and clinical significance of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD8+ T cell in SCCE for the first time.

Materials and methods:
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and tumor cells in postoperative, whole tumor sections from 147 SCCE patients were stained for PD-LI expression. We also evaluated each patient’s Combined Positive Score (CPS). Multiplex immunofluorescence staining (CD3, CD20, CD68, and PD-L1) was introduced to clarify the location of PD-L1. CD8 density was analyzed by digital imaging and analysis of entire slides. Clinical outcomes were tested for correlations with both PD-L1 expression and CD8 density.

Results:
No patients had PD-L1 expressed in their tumor cells. PD-L1+ expression in TIICs was detected in 65 patients (44.2%) and 42 (28.6%) exhibited CPS positivity. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that most of the PD-L1 was expressed on the CD68+ monocytes/macrophages. PD-L1 expression in the TIICs and CPS was found to be correlated with paraffin block age, tumor length, macroscopic type, T stage, and increased overall survival (OS). Expression of PD-L1 in TIICs showed significantly prolonged relapse-free survival (RFS). Increasing CD8 densities were associated with increased PD-L1 expression (P
trend<0.0001). Multivariate regression confirmed that PD-L1 in TIICs and CD8 states were independent predictors of OS, and CD8 status were found to be independently predictive of RFS. A stratification based on PD-L1 and CD8 status was also significantly associated with both OS and RFS.

Conclusion:
Expression of PD-L1 was only detected in TIICs from approximately half of the patients with SCCEs. In SCCEs, PD-L1 and CD8 status are novel prognostic biomarkers and may inform the implementation of risk-related therapeutic strategies. SCCEs with higher CD8 infiltration also had higher expression of PD-L1, suggesting the development of resistance against adaptive immunity. These findings support the assertion that PD-L1/programmed cell death 1 inhibitors should be investigated in this rare malignancy.
Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation in Pediatric Crohn Disease: An IBD Porto Group Study
Authors: Ledder Oren , Viala Jérôme , Serban Daniela Elena , Urlep Darja , De Ridder Lissy , Martinelli Massimo , Romano Claudio , Church Peter , Griffiths Chris , Oliva Salvatore , Basude Dharam , Sharma Shishu , Thomson Mike 
Published: March 2023

Objective/Background:
Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) has been shown to be effective and safe in adults with stricturing Crohn disease (CD) yet pediatric data is sparse. We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of EBD in stricturing pediatric CD.

Methods:
International collaboration included 11 centers from Europe, Canada, and Israel. Recorded data included patient demographics, stricture features, clinical outcomes, procedural adverse events, and need for surgery. Primary outcome was surgery-free over 12 months and secondary outcomes were clinical response and adverse events.

Results:
Eighty-eight dilatations were performed over 64 dilatation series in 53 patients. Mean age at CD diagnosis was 11.1 (±4.0) years, stricture length 4 cm [interquartile range (IQR) 2.8–5], and bowel wall thickness 7 mm (IQR 5.3–8). Twelve of 64 (19%) patients underwent surgery in the year following the dilatation series, at a median of 89 days (IQR 24–120; range 0–264) following EBD. Seven of 64 (11%) had subsequent unplanned EBD over the year, of whom two eventually underwent surgical resection. Two of 88 (2%) perforations were recorded, 1 of whom was managed surgically, and 5 patients had minor adverse events managed conservatively. There was a significant improvement in all clinical measures following EBD with weighted pediatric CD activity index-defined remission increasing from 13% at baseline to 44%, 46%, and 61%, and absence of obstructive symptoms in 55%, 53%, and 64% of patients at week 2, 8, and 24 respectively.

Conclusions:
In this largest study of EBD in pediatric stricturing CD to date, we demonstrated that EBD is effective in relieving symptoms and avoiding surgery. Adverse events rates were low and consistent with adult data.
Predictive Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Assessment of Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ko Woo Seog , Kim Seong-Jang 
Published: March 2023

Objective
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of 18F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer (BC) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients and Methods
The PubMed, Cochrane database, and Embase database were searched from inception through November 30, 2022 for studies evaluating diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BC patients. Based on data extracted from patient-based and lesion-based analysis, we calculated the pooled sensitivity and specificity with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Also, we calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
Across 5 studies (12 results), the pooled sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.72–0.91), and the pooled specificity was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59–0.86). Likelihood ratio (LR) syntheses gave an overall positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 3.3 (95% CI, 2.0–5.6) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) of 0.22 (95% CI, 0.12–0.38). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 15 (95% CI, 7–36). The pooled sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of pathologic complete response was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.56–0.78), and the pooled specificity was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.60–0.88). The pooled sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of clinical response and nonresponse was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.85–0.98), and a pooled specificity was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.42–0.91).

Conclusions

18F-FDG PET/CT showed a good diagnostic performance for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BC patients.
Impact of Early Gastrojejunal Stenosis on Weight Loss in Patients Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Shariq Omair A. , Portela Ray , Bews Katherine A. , Mundi Manpreet S. , Kellogg Todd , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Dayyeh Barham Abu , Kendrick Michael L. , Ghanem Omar M. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Gastrojejunal (GJ) anastomotic stenosis is a well-described complication after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB); however, its impact on weight loss outcomes is not well elucidated.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent RYGB at our institution between 2008 and 2020. Propensity score matching was used to match 30 patients who developed GJ stenosis within the first 30 days post-RYGB with 120 control patients who did not develop this outcome. Short and long-term complications and mean percentage of total body weight loss (TWL) were recorded at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 to 5 years, and 5 to 10 years postoperatively. Hierarchical linear regression modeling was used to analyze the association between early GJ stenosis and the mean percentage of TWL.

Results:
Patients who developed early GJ stenosis had a 13.6% increase in the mean percentage of TWL when compared with controls in the hierarchical linear model [P < 0.001 (95% CI: 5.7; 21.5)]. These patients were also more likely to present to an intravenous infusion center (70% vs 4%; P < 0.01), require readmission within 30 days (16.7% vs 2.5%; P < 0.01), and/or develop an internal hernia (23.3% vs 5.0%) postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Patients who develop early GJ stenosis after RYGB have a greater degree of long-term weight loss compared with patients who do not develop this complication. Although our findings support the key contribution that restrictive mechanisms play in maintaining weight loss after RYGB, GJ stenosis remains a complication associated with significant morbidity.
Genome-wide analysis of individual coding variants and HLA-II-associated self-immunopeptidomes in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wendorff Mareike , ElAbd Hesham , Degenhardt Frauke , Höppner Marc , Uellendahl-Werth Florian , Wacker Eike M. , Wienbrandt Lars , Juzenas Simonas ,   Regeneron Genetic Center, Koudelka Tomas , Ellinghaus David , Bacher Petra , Tholey Andreas , Laudes Matthias , Ziemann Malte , Bokemeyer Bernd , Schreiber Stefan , Lenz Tobias L. , Franke Andre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGenome wide association studies contributed to a better understanding of the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While over 240 genetic associations with IBD have since been identified, functional follow-up studies are still in their infancy with the overall pathogenesis of IBD remaining unsolved. E.g., a functional understanding of the genetic association between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and ulcerative colitis (UC) – one subtypes of IBD – is still lacking. Here, we analyzed whether an autoimmune reaction involving the HLA class II proteins HLA-DQ and -DR, both being strongly associated with UC, could be a disease trigger or driver. To this end, genotype data derived from whole exome sequencing and genome-wide SNP array data of 863 German UC patients as well as 4,185 healthy controls were analyzed. Association analyses identified novel variants in theNOD2andSNX20genes to be linked with UC and confirmed known HLA allele associations. Employing the genetic data, we generated patient-specific self-immunopeptidomes andin silico predicted HLA-peptide binding. Peptidome-wide association analyses of peptide binding preferences in a set of candidate proteins yielded significant associations with 234 specific peptides. Interestingly, none of those peptides showed a differential presence in case and control samples. The disease-associated candidate peptides predicted to be presented by risk HLA proteins contained predominantly aromatic amino acids. In contrast, protective HLA proteins were predicted to bind peptides enriched in acidic amino acids. In summary, we present a proof-of-concept immunogenetic analysis that contributes to a better understanding of the HLA in UC.
Trends in STI testing, diagnoses, and use of online chlamydia self-sampling services among young people during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in England
Authors: Sonubi Tamilore , Sheik-Mohamud Dahir , Ratna Natasha , Bell James , Talebi Alireza , Mercer Catherine H , Sinka Katy , Migchelsen Stephanie J , Folkard Kate , Mohammed Hamish 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeMeasures to control COVID-19 reduced face-to-face appointments and walk-ins at sexual health services (SHSs). Remote access to SHSs through online self-sampling for STIs was increased. This analysis assesses how these changes affected service use and STI testing among young people in England.MethodsData on all chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis tests from 2019-2020 amongst English-resident 15-24 year olds (hereafter referred to as ‘young people’) were obtained from national STI surveillance datasets. We calculated proportional differences in tests and diagnoses for each STI, by demographic characteristics including age and socioeconomic deprivation, between 2019 and 2020. Among those tested for chlamydia, we used binary logistic regression to determine crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) between demographic characteristics and being tested for chlamydia by an online service.ResultsCompared to 2019, there were declines in testing (30% for chlamydia, 26% for gonorrhoea, 36% for syphilis) and diagnoses (31% for chlamydia, 25% for gonorrhoea and 23% for syphilis) among young people in 2020. These reductions were greater amongst 15-19 year-olds (vs. 20-24 year-olds). Among young people tested for chlamydia, those living in the least deprived areas were more likely to be tested using an online self-sampling kit compared to those living in the most deprived areas (males; OR=1.24[1.22-1.26], females; OR=1.28[1.27-1.30]).ConclusionThe first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in England saw declines in STI testing and diagnoses in young people and disparities in the use of online chlamydia self-sampling which risk widening existing health inequalities.Implications and contributionsThere was a decrease in STI testing of young people during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in England with larger reductions among teenagers. There was an increase in use of online STI self-sampling services but with inequalities in provision which risk widening existing inequalities in sexual health.