bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIFITAS KINERJA MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SEKOLAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN BALANCED SCORECARD PADA PENINGKATAN MUTU SMP AL AZHAR SYIFA BUDI LEGENDA
Authors: Sarwo Edy  , Sumarta  , Sunaryati  , Mustofa  
Published: January 2023

The education system is required to be able to produce maximum output by carrying out an effective process that is continuous between input, process and output as desired with a better governance system or known as school-based management, where SBM expects schools to be more independent and able to freely develop and improve the quality of performance. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of school management at SMP Al Azhar Syifa Budi Legenda by using a balanced scorecard performance measurement with four perspectives, namely a financial perspective, a customer perspective, an internal business process perspective and a growth and learning perspective. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Primary data in the form of a questionnaire is used to measure the performance of the customer perspective and the perspective of growth and learning. In terms of performance, SMP Al Azhar Syifa Budi Legenda as a whole is in the good category. The results of measuring the performance analysis of the balanced scorecard on a financial perspective at SMP Al Azhar Syifa Budi Legenda show good performance and show financial performance that is economical, effective and quite efficient. The measurement results of performance analysis on the customer perspective show a pretty good performance.
Keywords: Effectiveness, MBS, Balanced Scorecard
INTERACTION OF SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE CASE LAW OF THE LATVIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
Authors: Rodina Anita 
Published: January 2023

The article provides an analysis of interaction of the principle of sustainability and environmental protection in the case law of the Constitutional Court. The principle of sustainability in Latvian constitutional law is a quite new one. Still, it is applied by the Constitutional Court reviewing different cases. It is included also in the written text of the Constitution and all development of the state is focused on sustainability. As environmental protection is the core of this principle, the Constitutional Court has applied it by solving different environmental issues. The article points out also the content of environmental constitutionalism. Namely, in Latvia, it is implemented also as a specific fundamental right to live in a benevolent environment. Legal remedies such as those before the administrative court and the Constitutional Court are analysed which can be used to protect violated fundamental rights. To get insight into the case law of the Constitutional Court, three different issues are explained. First, the importance of agricultural land and its cultivation and protection by achieving the idea of sustainability is given. Then the author explains the main arguments of the application of this principle in spatial planning. In the end, sustainable energy cases where sustainability is applied lead to conclusions about the future and importance of renewable sources.
Development and Validation of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Prediction Models Based on an Endoscopic Screening Program
Authors: Han Junming , Guo Xiaolei , Zhao Li , Zhang Huan , Ma Siqi , Li Yan , Zhao Deli , Wang Jialin , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceAssessment tools are lacking for screening of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) in China, especially for the follow-up stage. Risk prediction to optimize the screening procedure is urgently needed.ObjectiveTo develop and validate ESCC prediction models for identifying people at high risk for follow-up decision-making.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis open, prospective multicenter diagnostic study has been performed since September 1, 2006, in Shandong Province, China. This study used baseline and follow-up data until December 31, 2021. The data were analyzed between April 6 and May 31, 2022. Eligibility criteria consisted of rural residents aged 40 to 69 years who had no contraindications for endoscopy. Among 161 212 eligible participants, those diagnosed with cancer or who had cancer at baseline, did not complete the questionnaire, were younger than 40 years or older than 69 years, or were detected with severe dysplasia or worse lesions were eliminated from the analysis.ExposuresRisk factors obtained by questionnaire and endoscopy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPathological diagnosis of ESCC and confirmation by cancer registry data.ResultsIn this diagnostic study of 104 129 participants (56.39% women; mean [SD] age, 54.31 [7.64] years), 59 481 (mean [SD] age, 53.83 [7.64] years; 58.55% women) formed the derivation set while 44 648 (mean [SD] age, 54.95 [7.60] years; 53.51% women) formed the validation set. A total of 252 new cases of ESCC were diagnosed during 424 903.50 person-years of follow-up in the derivation cohort and 61 new cases from 177 094.10 person-years follow-up in the validation cohort. Model A included the covariates age, sex, and number of lesions; model B included age, sex, smoking status, alcohol use status, body mass index, annual household income, history of gastrointestinal tract diseases, consumption of pickled food, number of lesions, distinct lesions, and mild or moderate dysplasia. The Harrell C statistic of model A was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.83) in the derivation set and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.93) in the validation set; the Harrell C statistic of model B was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81-0.86) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.95), respectively. The models also had good calibration performance and clinical usefulness.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this diagnostic study suggest that the models developed are suitable for selecting high-risk populations for follow-up decision-making and optimizing the cancer screening process.
Access to Pediatric Ophthalmological Care by Geographic Distribution and US Population Demographic Characteristics in 2022
Authors: Walsh Hannah L. , Parrish Abraham , Hucko Lauren , Sridhar Jayanth , Cavuoto Kara M. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceThe geographic distribution of pediatric ophthalmological care has not been reported on since 2007; understanding this distribution could shed light on potential avenues to increase access, which is a necessary first step in addressing the pediatric ophthalmological needs of underserved areas.ObjectiveTo analyze the number and location (ie, geographic distribution) of pediatric ophthalmologists in relation to US population demographic characteristics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, public databases from the American Academy of Ophthalmology and American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus were used to identify pediatric ophthalmologists in the US as of March 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGeographic distribution of pediatric ophthalmologists listed in public databases and any association between pediatric ophthalmologist distribution and US population demographic characteristics. Addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS Pro (Esri).ResultsA total of 1056 pediatric ophthalmologists (611 men [57.9%]) were identified. States with the most pediatric ophthalmologists were California (n = 116 [11.0%]), New York (n = 97 [9.2%]), Florida (n = 69 [6.5%]), and Texas (n = 62 [5.9%]), the 4 most populous states. A total of 2828 of 3142 counties (90.0%) and 4 of 50 states (8.0%) had 0 pediatric ophthalmologists. In 314 counties (10.0%) with 1 or more pediatric ophthalmologists, the mean (range) pediatric ophthalmologists per million persons was 7.7 (0.4-185.5). The range of practitioner to million persons has increased since 2007. Counties with 1 or more pediatric ophthalmologists had a higher median (SD) household income compared with counties with 0 pediatric ophthalmologists ($70 230.59 [$18 945.05] vs $53 263.62 [$12 786.07]; difference, −$16 966.97; 95% CI, −$18 544.57 to −$14 389.37; P &amp;lt; .001). Additionally, the proportion of families in each county without internet service (8.0% vs 4.7%; difference, 3.4%; 95% CI, 3.0%-3.7%; P &amp;lt; .001), the proportion of persons younger than 19 years without health insurance (5.7% vs 4.1%; difference, 1.6%; 95% CI, 1.1%-2.2%; P &amp;lt; .001), and the proportion of households without vehicle access (2.1% vs 1.8%; difference, 0.3%; 95% CI, 0.6%-5.2%; P = .001) were greater in counties with 0 compared with counties with 1 or more pediatric ophthalmologists.Conclusion and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that disparities in access to pediatric ophthalmological care have increased over the past 15 years and are associated with lower socioeconomic status. As patients may rely on online sources to identify the nearest pediatric ophthalmologist, accurate publicly available databases are important.
Expediting Stepwise Sulfur Conversion via Spontaneous Built‐In Electric Field and Binary Sulfiphilic Effect of Conductive NbB2‐MXene Heterostructure in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lu Dongzhen , Wang Xinying , Hu Yanjie , Yue Liguo , Shao Zhuhang , Zhou Weiliang , Chen Li , Wang Wei , Li Yunyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFabricating metal boride heterostructures and deciphering their interface interaction mechanism on accelerating polysulfide conversion at atomic levels are meaningful yet challenging in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, novel highly‐conductive and binary sulfiphilic NbB2‐MXene heterostructures are elaborately designed with spontaneous built‐in electric field (BIEF) via a simple one‐step borothermal reduction strategy. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that Nb and B atoms can chemically bond with polysulfides, thereby enriching chemical anchor and catalytic active sites. Meanwhile, the spontaneous BIEF induces interfacial charge redistribution to make more electrons transferred to surface NbB2 sites, thereby weakening its strong adsorption property yet accelerating polysulfide transfer and electron diffusion on hetero‐interface, so providing moderate polysulfide adsorb‐ability yet decreasing sulfur‐species conversion energy barriers, further boosting the intrinsically catalytic activity of NbB2‐MXene for accelerated bidirectional sulfur conversion. Thus, S/NbB2‐MXene cathode presents high initial capacity of 1310.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, stable long‐term lifespan with 500 cycles (0.076% capacity decay per cycle) at 1 C, and large areal capacity of 6.5 mAh cm−2 (sulfur loading: 7.0 mg cm−2 in lean electrolyte of 5 µL mgs−1) at 0.1 C. This work clearly unveils the mechanism of interfacial BIEF and binary sulfiphilic effect on accelerating stepwise sulfur conversion at atomic levels.
Facet Dopant Regulation of Cu2O Boosts Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Ma Xintao , Zhang Yinggan , Fan Tingting , Wei Diye , Huang Zongyi , Zhang Zhihao , Zhang Zheng , Dong Yunyun , Hong Qiming , Chen Zhou , Yi Xiaodong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) using clean electric energy provides a sustainable route to generate highly‐valuable chemicals and fuels, which is beneficial for realizing the carbon‐neutral cycle. Up to now, achieving a narrow product distribution and highly targeted product selectivity over Cu‐based electrocatalysts is still a big challenge. Herein, sulfur modification on different crystal planes of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is demonstrated, results in an improvement for formate generation to different degrees. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that sulfur species modified on the surface of Cu2O (100) facet effectively lower the formation energy of key intermediate *OCOH for formate generation compared with Cu2O (111) facet. As a consequence, the modification of p‐Block elements over Cu‐based electrocatalysts is an effective strategy to optimize the adsorption energy of key intermediate during CO2RR, leading to a highly selective product.
Shelter Forest Inspired Superhydrophobic Flame‐Retardant Composite with Root‐Soil Interlocked Micro/Nanostructure Enhanced Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Durability
Authors: Zhang Congyuan , Xie Heng , Du Yu , Li Xiaolong , Zhou Weilong , Wu Ting , Qu Jinping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe heat accumulation caused by the high power consumption of continuously upgrading electronic devices puts forward more requirements for the adaptability and durability of the flame retardant materials. Herein, inspired by the soil reinforcement effect of the shelter forest roots nearby the river and shoal, a superhydrophobic flame‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA)/aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) composite with root‐soil interlocked micro/nanostructure (MEA/PGCC) is prepared by combining the micro‐extrusion compression molding and spray coating. The homogeneously dispersed ATH and the EVA with sufficient mechanical strength provide durability for the long‐term work of the MEA/PGCC composite. The root‐soil interlocked micro/nanostructure provides robust superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 156 ± 1.0° and a rolling angle of 4 ± 1.0° for the MEA/PGCC composite which is beneficial to improve acid and alkali tolerance, thermic resistance, and de‐icing performance. The synergism of interface and surface function prominently improves the flame retardancy of the MEA/PGCC composite, which presents a limit oxygen index of 42%, and remarkable reduction in peak heat release rate of 64%, total heat release of 23%, and peak smoke production rate of 47%. The proposed method is a promising candidate for the mass production and practical application of the superhydrophobic flame retardant composite.
Intercalation Engineering of 2D Materials at Macroscale for Smart Human–Machine Interface and Double‐Layer to Faradaic Charge Storage for Ions Separation
Authors: Patil Rahul , Dutta Saikat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract2D materials have attracted considerable attention in the past decade for their superlative physical properties. Lightweight foam from 2D materials can reduce the use of raw materials, save energy in processing the material and downregulate the carbon emission. Self‐assembling of graphene nanosheets results in 3D porous lightweight foam resembling hydrogels, aerogels, and xerogels. Hierarchical graphene architecture provides an uninterrupted path to electrons and phonon transport conforms to eligibility for developing sensor, energy storage, and energy conversion devices. Artificial intelligence (AI) originates from human–machine interaction and physiological signal reception which requires a large sensing range that illustrates to healthcare surveillance with wearable devices. Spongy architectures with flexibility and reversible compressibility act as a good candidate for pressure sensing for a wide range of real‐time human health monitoring systems by using artificial intelligence. In this review, the new perspective of emerging 2D materials (such as MXene, and borophene) along with the investigation of the graphene foam structure is demonstrated. Electrosorption of salt‐ions under foam electrode are reviewed in the context of electrochemical stability recycling ability, and efficiency of adsorption‐desorption. Beyond these, remaining challenges are depicted for emerging 2D‐materials of interest for health monitoring sensors and flexible supercapacitors for promising research directions.
Engineering Multimaterial Nanostructured Deposits by the Amphiphilicity Degree and Intermolecular Forces
Authors: Shariatnia Shadi , Zakertabrizi Mohammad , Hosseini Ehsan , Song Kenan , Jarrahbashi Dorrin , Asadi Amir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAchieving desired performance from self‐assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) is challenging due to the stochastic nature of interactions among the constituent building blocks. Self‐assembly of nano‐colloids through evaporation of particle‐laden droplets can be exploited to fabricate tailored nanostructures that add functionality and engineer the properties of manufactured components. The particle–particle and particle–solvent interactions, and delicate force balance among them are the main factors that define the pattern of the final 3D nanostructure. Here, a nanoparticle‐agnostic approach that allows the fabrication of nanostructures with precisely engineered patterns is introduced. Evaporative droplets of aqueous suspensions of pristine Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene Nanoplatelets, and Boron Nitride Nanotubes representing NPs of different elemental compositions, sizes, and shapes are investigated. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are used as a platform to make hybrid systems of CNC‐NP and utilize the repulsive‐attractive‐directional interactions in these multimaterial systems to enforce the desired final pattern between ring and disk. It is shown that irrespective of the type of NPs, the amphiphilicity of the hybrid system dictates the formation of deposited patterns. Finally, the effect of self‐assembled patterns on the functionality of multi‐material systems is demonstrated. The proposed method creates new capabilities in the precisely controlled nanostructures and facilitates smart self‐assembly systems.
Generation of the Planar Solitons Using Thermal Trapping of a Disclination in Nematic Liquid Crystals and Their Applications
Authors: Sim Yonggi , Choi Hyunhee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe mesophase properties of nematic liquid crystals render them ideal for controlling and studying topological defects. The planar soliton, a π‐wall in the form of a string with a constant thickness shown in a nematic, is a topological defect lacking singularity. Herein, a thermal laser tweezer is introduced to trap the disclination at the isotropic–nematic interface induced by the thermal effect and to move the trapped disclination under the low anchoring condition, which enables to generate solitons as if they were drawn and to control them actively. The soliton, which is created or annihilated in accordance with topological charge conservation, exhibits cosmic string intercommutation. Thus, the dynamics of cosmic strings can be implemented by using solitons in a nematic. To demonstrate potential applications of the solitons, microsized cargo delivery and polarization diffraction gratings are presented, which could be used in lab‐on‐a‐chip and implemented in various photonic applications, respectively, and prove the applicability of a topological defect through complete control.
Engineered Microparticles for Treatment of Murine Brain Metastasis by Reprograming Tumor Microenvironment and Inhibiting MAPK Pathway
Authors: Lu Lisen , Zi Huaduan , Zhou Jie , Huang Jing , Deng Zihan , Tang Zijian , Li Li , Shi Xiujuan , Lo Pui‐Chi , Lovell Jonathan F. , Deng Deqiang , Wan Chao , Jin Honglin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBrain metastases (BRM) are common in advanced lung cancer. However, their treatment is challenging due to the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME). Microparticles (MPs), a type of extracellular vesicle, can serve as biocompatible drug delivery vehicles that can be further modulated with genetic engineering techniques. MPs prepared from cells induced with different insults are compared and it is found that radiation‐treated cell‐released microparticles (RMPs) achieve optimal targeting and macrophage activation. The enzyme ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7), which simultaneously regulates tumor growth and reprograms M2 macrophages (M2Φ), is found to be expressed in BRM. Engineered RMPs are then constructed that comprise: 1) the RMP carrier that targets and reprograms M2Φ; 2) a genetically expressed SR‐B1‐targeting peptide for improved BBB permeability; and 3) a USP7 inhibitor to kill tumor cells and reprogram M2Φ. These RMPs successfully cross the BBB and target M2Φ in vitro and in vivo in mice, effectively reprogramming M2Φ and improving survival in a murine BRM model. Therapeutic effects are further augmented when combined with immune checkpoint blockade. This study provides proof‐of‐concept for the use of genetically engineered MPs for the treatment of BRM.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Ameliorates Sleep Deprivation‐Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Restores Colonization Resistance against Intestinal Infections
Authors: Fang Dan , Xu Tianqi , Sun Jingyi , Shi Jingru , Li Fulei , Yin Yanqing , Wang Zhiqiang , Liu Yuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGut microbiota‐mediated colonization resistance (CR) is crucial in protecting the host from intestinal infections. Sleep deprivation (SD) is an important contributor in the disturbances of intestinal homeostasis. However, whether and how SD affects host CR remains largely unknown. Here, it is shown that SD impairs intestinal CR in mice, whereas nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation restores it. Microbial diversity and metabolomic analyses suggest that gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in SD‐treated mice are highly shaped, whereas NMN reprograms these differences. Specifically, the altered gut microbiota in SD mice further incurs the disorder of secondary bile acids pool accompanied by a decrease in deoxycholic acid (DCA). Conversely, NMN supplementation retakes the potential benefits of DCA, which is associated with specific gut microbiota involved in primary bile acids metabolic flux. In animal models of infection, DCA is effective in preventing and treating bacterial infections when used alone or in combination with antibiotics. Mechanistically, DCA alone disrupts membrane permeability and aggravates oxidative damage, thereby reducing intestinal pathogen burden. Meanwhile, exogenous DCA promotes antibiotic accumulation and destroys oxidant–antioxidant system, thus potentiating antibiotic efficacy. Overall, this work highlights the important roles of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in the maintenance of intestinal CR.
Rechargeable Oxide Ion Batteries Based on Mixed Conducting Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Schmid Alexander , Krammer Martin , Fleig Jürgen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMixed conducting oxides are frequently studied as electrode materials for solid oxide fuel or electrolysis cells. However, in principle their ability to change stoichiometry depending on the oxygen chemical potential also enables charge storage typical for battery electrodes: Formally neutral oxygen can be incorporated by annihilating oxygen vacancies and creating electron holes, similar to the incorporation of lithium in lithium ion battery electrodes. Electrodes with different reducibility should thus allow operation of an oxide ion battery. This is exemplified for perovskite‐type La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ (LSF), La0.5Sr0.5Cr0.2Mn0.8O3−δ (LSCrMn), and La0.9Sr0.1CrO3−δ (LSCr) electrodes with blocked oxygen surface exchange. Cells with thin film electrodes are prepared by pulsed laser deposition on yttria stabilized zirconia electrolytes. Charge/discharge cycles and impedance measurements are performed on half cells between 350 and 500 °C and related to the materials defect chemistry. Electrode capacities of up to 350 mA h cm−3 and <0.25 % capacity loss over 19 cycles are measured at potentials between 0.2 and −1.1 V versus O2 at 1 bar. Full cells with LSF cathodes and LSCrMn anodes are successfully operated at 350 to 400 °C with electrode related energy densities up to 70 mW h cm−3, coulomb efficiencies >99 % and good cycling performance. This novel type of rechargeable battery may open further application fields such as elevated temperatures (>200 °C), where common cation‐based cells are not applicable so far.