bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose‐lowering drug use in migrants and native Danes with type 2 diabetes: Disparities in combination therapy and drug types
Authors: Isaksen Anders Aasted , Sandbæk Annelli , Skriver Mette Vinther , Bjerg Lasse 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo examine disparities in glucose‐lowering drug (GLD) usage between migrants and native Danes with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsIn a nationwide, register‐based cross‐sectional study of 253 364 individuals with prevalent T2D on December 31, 2018, we examined user prevalence during 2019 of (i) GLD combination therapies and (ii) individual GLD types. Migrants were grouped by origin (Middle East, Europe, Turkey, Former Yugoslavia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Somalia, Vietnam), and relative risk (RR) versus native Danes was computed using robust Poisson regression to adjust for clinical and socioeconomic characteristics.ResultsIn 2019, 34.7% of native Danes received combination therapy, and prevalence was lower in most migrant groups (RR from 0.78, 95% confidence interval CI 0.71‐0.85 [Somalia group] to 1.00, 95% CI 0.97‐1.04 [former Yugoslavia group]). Among native Danes, the most widely used oral GLD was metformin (used by 62.1%), followed by dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (13.3%), sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (11.9%) and sulphonylureas (5.2%), and user prevalence was higher in most migrant groups (RR for use of any oral GLD: 0.99, 95% CI 0.97‐1.01 [Europe group] to 1.09, 95% CI 1.06‐1.11 [Sri Lanka group]). Furthermore, 18.7% of native Danes used insulins and 13.3% used glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs), but use was less prevalent in migrants (RR for insulins: 0.66, 95% CI 0.62‐0.71 [Sri Lanka group] to 0.94, 95% CI 0.89‐0.99 [Europe group]; RR for GLP‐1RAs: 0.29, 95% CI 0.22‐0.39 [Somalia group] to 0.95, 95% CI 0.89‐1.01 [Europe group]).ConclusionsDisparities in GLD types and combination therapy were evident between migrants and native Danes. Migrants were more likely to use oral GLDs and less likely to use injection‐based GLDs, particularly GLP‐1RAs, which may contribute to complication risk and mortality among this group.
ChatGPT—A double‐edged sword for healthcare education? Implications for assessments of dental students
Authors: Ali Kamran , Barhom Noha , Tamimi Faleh , Duggal Monty 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionOpen‐source generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications are fast‐transforming access to information and allow students to prepare assignments and offer quite accurate responses to a wide range of exam questions which are routinely used in assessments of students across the board including undergraduate dental students. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Chat Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a generative AI‐based application, on a wide range of assessments used in contemporary healthcare education and discusses the implications for undergraduate dental education.Materials and MethodsThis was an exploratory study investigating the accuracy of ChatGPT to attempt a range of recognised assessments in healthcare education curricula. A total of 50 independent items encompassing 50 different learning outcomes (n = 10 per item) were developed by the research team. These included 10 separate items based on each of the five commonly used question formats including multiple‐choice questions (MCQs); short‐answer questions (SAQs); short essay questions (SEQs); single true/false questions; and fill in the blanks items. Chat GPT was used to attempt each of these 50 questions. In addition, ChatGPT was used to generate reflective reports based on multisource feedback; research methodology; and critical appraisal of the literature.ResultsChatGPT application provided accurate responses to majority of knowledge‐based assessments based on MCQs, SAQs, SEQs, true/false and fill in the blanks items. However, it was only able to answer text‐based questions and did not allow processing of questions based on images. Responses generated to written assignments were also satisfactory apart from those for critical appraisal of literature. Word count was the key limitation observed in outputs generated by the free version of ChatGPT.ConclusionNotwithstanding their current limitations, generative AI‐based applications have the potential to revolutionise virtual learning. Instead of treating it as a threat, healthcare educators need to adapt teaching and assessments in medical and dental education to the benefits of the learners while mitigating against dishonest use of AI‐based technology.
Comparison of three common inbred mouse strains reveals substantial differences in hippocampal GABAergic interneuron populations and in vitro network oscillations
Authors: Çalışkan Gürsel , Demiray Yunus E. , Stork Oliver 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA major challenge in neuroscience is to pinpoint neurobiological correlates of specific cognitive and neuropsychiatric traits. At the mesoscopic level, promising candidates for establishing such connections are brain oscillations that can be robustly recorded as local field potentials with varying frequencies in the hippocampus in vivo and in vitro. Inbred mouse strains show natural variation in hippocampal synaptic plasticity (e.g. long‐term potentiation), a cellular correlate of learning and memory. However, their diversity in expression of different types of hippocampal network oscillations has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated hippocampal network oscillations in three widely used inbred mouse strains: C57BL/6J (B6J), C57BL/6NCrl (B6N) and 129S2/SvPasCrl (129) with the aim to identify common oscillatory characteristics in inbred mouse strains that show aberrant emotional/cognitive behaviour (B6N and 129) and compare them to “control” B6J strain. First, we detected higher gamma oscillation power in the hippocampal CA3 of both B6N and 129 strains. Second, higher incidence of hippocampal sharp wave‐ripple (SPW‐R) transients was evident in these strains. Third, we observed prominent differences in the densities of distinct interneuron types and CA3 associative network activity, which are indispensable for sustainment of mesoscopic network oscillations. Together, these results add further evidence to profound physiological differences among inbred mouse strains commonly used in neuroscience research.
Illegal firm behaviour and environmental hazard: The case of waste disposal
Authors: Troisi Roberta , De Simone Stefania , Franco Massimo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study provides an analysis of illegal waste disposal examining how and why it occurs, with a focus on illegal industrial dumping. Organizational resource dependency theory and the bad barrel theory are used as conceptual frameworks to highlight the reasons leading firms to engage in illegal waste disposal, influenced by the firm's operational environment and characteristics, and how firms make use of it. The effects of environmental resource dependency variables and micro variables in terms of the hazard level associated with illegal waste disposal were tested separately and jointly by means of logistic regressions. Environmental resource dependency is found to be a powerful driver of the behaviour of firms, both independently and combined with certain organizational factors, with an impact on the hazardousness of illegal waste disposal. The policy implications of the findings are discussed, and a number of suggestions for preventing illegal dumping are put forward.
Genome‐wide association studies in the Japanese population identified genetic loci and target gene associated with epidermal turnover
Authors: Okuno Ryosuke , Inoue Yu , Hasebe Yuichi , Igarashi Toshio , Kawagishi‐Hotta Mika , Yamada Takaaki , Hasegawa Seiji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe epidermis is an essential organ for life by retaining water and as a protective barrier. The epidermis is maintained through metabolism, in which basal cells produced from epidermal stem cells differentiate into spinous cells, granular cells and corneocytes, and are finally shed from the epidermal surface. This is epidermal turnover, and with aging, there is a decline in epidermis function. Other factors that may affect epidermal turnover include ultraviolet damage and genetic factors. These genetic factors are of particular interest as little is known. Although recent skin‐focused genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted, the genetic regions associated with epidermal turnover are almost uninvestigated. Therefore, we conducted a GWAS on epidermal turnover in the Japanese population, using the corneocyte area, which correlates to the rate of epidermal turnover, as an indicator. As a result, rs2278431 (p = 1.29 × 10−7) in 19q13.2 was associated with corneocyte size. Furthermore, eQTL analysis suggested that rs2278431 was related to the SPINT2 gene. In addition, SPINT2 knockdown studies using epidermal keratinocytes revealed that SPINT2 is involved in keratinocyte proliferation and in corneocyte size regulation in reconstructed epidermis. These results suggest that rs2278431 is involved in the expression of SPINT2 and affects epidermal turnover.
Amplifying “eat me signal” by immunogenic cell death for potentiating cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Xi Yong , Chen Lijie , Tang Jian , Yu Bentong , Shen Weiyu , Niu Xing 
Published: August 2023

SummaryImmunogenic cell death (ICD) is a unique mode of cell death, which can release immunogenic damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and tumor‐associated antigens to trigger long‐term protective antitumor immune responses. Thus, amplifying “eat me signal” during tumor ICD cascade is critical for cancer immunotherapy. Some therapies (radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), etc.) and inducers (chemotherapeutic agents, etc.) have enabled to initiate and/or facilitate ICD and activate antitumor immune responses. Recently, nanostructure‐based drug delivery systems have been synthesized for inducing ICD through combining treatment of chemotherapeutic agents, photosensitizers for PDT, photothermal transformation agents for PTT, radiosensitizers for radiotherapy, etc., which can release loaded agents at an appropriate dosage in the designated place at the appropriate time, contributing to higher efficiency and lower toxicity. Also, immunotherapeutic agents in combination with nanostructure‐based drug delivery systems can produce synergetic antitumor effects, thus potentiating immunotherapy. Overall, our review outlines the emerging ICD inducers, and nanostructure drug delivery systems loading diverse agents to evoke ICD through chemoradiotherapy, PDT, and PTT or combining immunotherapeutic agents. Moreover, we discuss the prospects and challenges of harnessing ICD induction‐based immunotherapy, and highlight the significance of multidisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration to promote the optimal translation of this treatment strategy.
Do academic directors matter? Evidence from Taiwan equity market
Authors: Wu Tai‐Hsi , Lin Mei‐Chen , Ting Pei‐Ju Lucy , Huang Jyun Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the impact of academic directors on a firm's performance and decisions in the Taiwan equity market. We find that firms with more independent directors and board size are more likely to appoint academic directors, and academic directors can improve firm performance. The presence of academic directors positively affects firm performance through channels like more capital expenditure and larger R&D expenses. Academic directors with finance and technology backgrounds positively correlate with both Tobin's Q and ROA. Moreover, the appropriate match of expertise between firms and their academic directors contributes to a better performance. However, corporations with academic directors have a higher compensation gap between top managers and employees.
Depressive symptoms and loneliness among early adolescents: a psychometric network analysis approach
Authors: Grygiel Paweł , Dolata Roman , Humenny Grzegorz , Muszyński Marek 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies demonstrate a high prevalence of depression and loneliness among adolescents. Although they often co‐occur, the relationship between symptoms of depression and loneliness remains poorly understood. This study investigates: (a) the symptoms of depression that are connected to loneliness; (b) the role played by loneliness in the network of depression symptoms; and (c) whether the method used to measure loneliness (single‐item direct or multi‐item indirect) affects the relationship of loneliness with depressive symptoms.MethodsParticipants were 496 Polish adolescents (50.8% girls) aged 11 to 13, who completed: (a) the 10‐item Major Depressive Disorder subscale of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale; (b) the 11‐item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (indirect loneliness), and (c) a single direct question evaluating loneliness: ‘I'm lonely’. Networks were estimated using a Gaussian Graphical Model.ResultsLoneliness shows a direct relationship with three affective symptoms of depression: sadness, worthlessness, and anhedonia, which mediate relationships with somatic symptoms. In contrast to previous studies, loneliness has the lowest level of centrality among all elements of the network. The method used to assess loneliness did not significantly affect the connections between loneliness and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsLoneliness and depression overlap since they are formed by the same cognitive biases and deficits in emotion regulation but differ in the level of generality. In loneliness, they have an interpersonal context, while symptoms of depression can be intrapersonal. This helps us to understand why cognitive interventions, as compared to those which are social, are more effective in reducing loneliness.
Weak seed banks influence the signature and detectability of selective sweeps
Authors: Korfmann Kevin , Abu Awad Diala , Tellier Aurélien 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Seed banking (or dormancy) is a widespread bet-hedging strategy, generating a form of population overlap, which decreases the magnitude of genetic drift. The methodological complexity of integrating this trait implies it is ignored when developing tools to detect selective sweeps. But, as dormancy lengthens the ancestral recombination graph (ARG), increasing times to fixation, it can change the genomic signatures of selection. To detect genes under positive selection in seed banking species it is important to (1) determine whether the efficacy of selection is affected, and (2) predict the patterns of nucleotide diversity at and around positively selected alleles. We present the first tree sequence-based simulation program integrating a weak seed bank to examine the dynamics and genomic footprints of beneficial alleles in a finite population. We find that seed banking does not affect the probability of fixation and confirm expectations of increased times to fixation. We also confirm earlier findings that, for strong selection, the times to fixation are not scaled by the inbreeding effective population size in the presence of seed banks, but are shorter than would be expected. As seed banking increases the effective recombination rate, footprints of sweeps appear narrower around the selected sites and due to the scaling of the ARG are detectable for longer periods of time. The developed simulation tool can be used to predict the footprints of selection and draw statistical inference of past evolutionary events in plants, invertebrates, or fungi with seed banks.
Abstract
Dormancy and seed banking are ubiquitous life history traits in plants, invertebrates, and microbes. We develop a simulation tool to generate polymorphism data over full chromosomes for species undergoing weak dormancy under neutral (mutation, recombination) and selective processes. We demonstrate that seed banks affect the signatures of selection in the polymorphism data, and enhance the detectability of selective sweeps.
Behavioral genetics of temporal framing: Heritability of time perspective and its common genetic bases with major personality traits
Authors: Stolarski Maciej , Zawadzki Bogdan , Matthews Gerald , Pruszczak Dominika , Wojciechowski Jerzy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to provide a seminal behavioral genetic analysis of time perspectives (TPs). Moreover, we intended to investigate the magnitude of genetic vs. environmental components of the well‐established assocations between TPs and personality features.BackgroundIndividual differences in temporal framing processes, referred to as TPs, are vital psychological and behavioral outcomes. Although proponents of TP theory emphasize mainly environmental origins of the tendencies to adopt certain TPs, research provides evidence for marked associations between the temporal dimensions and major personality traits that are known to be heritable. Hence, it was essential to empirically verify these claims.MethodThe article reports an analysis of genetic and environmental components of variance in TPs based on a study adopting a twin design, conducted on a sample of 393 pairs of twins (135 monozygotic and 258 dizygotic).ResultsMultivariate Cholesky decomposition supported an EA model assuming impacts of both unshared environmental factors (E) and additive genetic factors (A) across all TP dimensions, suggesting that the effects of shared environment on TPs are plausibly negligible. Heritability indices of TPs ranged between 0.51 for Present‐Fatalistic and 0.62 for Present‐Hedonistic, suggesting that the majority of the variance in TPs stems from genetic influences. Substantial genetic correlations were found between TPs and the Big Five personality traits.ConclusionsThe findings provide further evidence for conceptualizing TPs as biologically based personality traits and challenge the claims that TP is mainly a product of culture, education, and personal experiences.
Molnupiravir treatment of 18 cats with feline infectious peritonitis: A case series
Authors: Sase Okihiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFeline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease in cats, caused by certain strains of coronavirus and has a high case fatality rate.ObjectiveThis case series reports the outcomes of treatment of cats with FIP using molnupiravir.AnimalsEighteen cats diagnosed with FIP at the You‐Me Animal Clinic, Sakura‐shi, Japan between January and August 2022, and whose owners gave informed consent to this experimental treatment.MethodsFor this prospective observational study, molnupiravir tablets were compounded in‐house at the You‐Me Animal Clinic. Owners administered 10‐20 mg/kg PO twice daily. Standard treatment duration was 84 days.ResultsAmong 18 cats, 13 cats had effusive FIP and 5 had noneffusive FIP. Three cats had neurological or ocular signs of FIP before treatment. Four cats, all with effusive FIP, died or were euthanized within 7 days of starting treatment. The remaining 14 cats completed treatment and remained in remission at the time of writing (139‐206 days after starting treatment). Elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity was found in 3 cats, all at Days 7‐9, and all recovered without management. Two cats with jaundice were hospitalized, 1 during treatment (Day 37) and 1 with severe anemia at the start of treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis case series suggests that molnupiravir might be an effective and safe treatment for domestic cats with FIP at a dose of 10‐20 mg/kg twice daily.
Detection of words versus good old counting: A note on Mizrahi and Dickinson, “The analytic‐continental divide in philosophical practice”
Authors: Hogenbirk Hugo Dirk 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a recent Metaphilosophy article, Moti Mizrahi and Michael Dickinson argue against characterizing the divide between analytical and continental philosophy as a divide in the use of arguments. This hypothesis is rejected on the basis of a text‐mining approach. The present paper argues that the results they extracted do not answer the questions they set out to answer as well as would have been possible. This is due to Mizrahi and Dickinson's choice to disregard duplicate occurrences of argument word pairs, their main indicator for the occurrence of arguments in articles. This paper reconstructs their method by now also counting duplicates. A small corpus (n = 436) of recent (2015–2021) analytical and continental articles is used to rerun the experiment; the results oppose Mizrahi and Dickinson's and suggest that arguments (as operationalized by Mizrahi and Dickinson) occur more in analytical articles. The paper argues that part of the discrepancy derives from the specific methodological choices they made.
Invasive mucorales sinusitis in a young patient with Emberger syndrome and newly diagnosedAML: A case report and literature review of invasive fungal infections inGATA2deficiency
Authors: Chiu Chia‐Yu , Matsuo Takahiro , Wurster Sebastian , Gerstein Yoheved , Hammond Danielle E. , Chien Kelly S. , DiNardo Courtney , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGermline pathogenic variants (PVs) in the gene encoding the GATA2 transcription factor can result in profound reductions of monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and B cells.GATA2PVs are associated with an increased risk of myeloid malignancies and a predisposition to nontuberculous mycobacterial and human papillomavirus infections. Additionally, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have been reported in individuals withGATA2PVs, even in the absence of myeloid malignancies. In this report, we present the case of a 40‐year‐old man with Emberger syndrome (GATA2mutation, recently diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia [AML] and history of lymphedema with hearing loss) who developed Mucorales sinusitis while receiving his first course of remission induction chemotherapy. Additionally, we review the literature on all published cases of proven IFIs in patients withGATA2PVs. Clinicians should be aware that patients withGATA2PVs could be vulnerable to opportunistic IFIs, even in the absence of AML and antineoplastic therapy. Furthermore, the distinctly unusual occurrence of mucormycosis during the first course of induction chemotherapy for AML in our patient indicates that patients with germlineGATA2PVs receiving induction chemotherapy for AML might be at high risk for early onset of IFIs due to aggressive, opportunistic moulds.
A chitosan‐coated lentinan‐loaded calcium alginate hydrogel induces broad‐spectrum resistance to plant viruses by activating Nicotiana benthamiana calmodulin‐like (CML) protein 3
Authors: Xiang Shunyu , Wang Jing , Wang Xiaoyan , Ma Xiaozhou , Peng Haoran , Zhu Xin , Huang Jin , Ran Mao , Ma Lisong , Sun Xianchao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractControl of plant virus diseases largely depends on the induced plant defence achieved by the external application of synthetic chemical inducers with the ability to modify defence‐signalling pathways. However, most of the molecular mechanisms underlying these chemical inducers remain unknown. Here, we developed a chitosan‐coated lentinan‐loaded hydrogel and discovered how it protects plants from different virus infections. The hydrogel was synthesized by coating chitosan on the surface of the calcium alginate‐lentinan (LNT) hydrogel (SL‐gel) to form a CSL‐gel. CSL‐gels exhibit the capacity to prolong the stable release of lentinan and promote Ca2+ release. Application of CSL‐gels on the root of plants induces broad‐spectrum resistance against plant viruses (TMV, TRV, PVX and TuMV). RNA‐seq analysis identified that Nicotiana benthamiana calmodulin‐like protein gene 3 (NbCML3) is upregulated by the sustained release of Ca2+ from the CSL‐gel, and silencing and overexpression of NbCML alter the susceptibility and resistance of tobacco to TMV. Our findings provide evidence that this novel and synthetic CSL‐gel strongly inhibits the infection of plant viruses by the sustainable release of LNT and Ca2+. This study uncovers a novel mode of action by which CSL‐gels trigger NbCML3 expression through the stable and sustained release of Ca2+.