bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartographic Modelling and Multi-Criteria Analysis (CMCA) for Rail Transit Suitability
Authors: Çalışkan Berna , Atahan Ali Osman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRail transportation planning is a continuous, multi-phase, functioning scale that is based on reconstructing the spatial system, thus contributing to build a more quality-focused, long-term-oriented and balanced approach. This paper presents cartographic modelling and multi-criteria analysis (CMCA) for the optimum route/station location in accordance with selected criteria and constraints for rail transit system planning. The methodology is based on overlay analysis (cartographic modelling) to combine diverse criteria maps and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method for criteria weighting. The purpose of the study is to examine a GIS multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework by considering Stream, Geology, Slope, Land use and Population decision criteria. The decision modelling framework conceives an additional prominent approach by co-producing with the public, especially for underserved areas of low socio-economic status and public user expectations in the railway transport planning process. This model applied to a candidate metro line referred to as M 18 (Başakşehir-Esenyurt-Beylikdüzü) with eight railway stations for the preliminary stage evaluation. The outcomes of this research will close the gap by establishing a novel suitability framework which can be used as a preliminary analysis for transforming and developing urban rail transit networks.
Dynamical boson stars
Authors: Liebling Steven L. , Palenzuela Carlos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. In the 1950s, John Wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called geons, but none were found. Instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of a scalar field, and these were given the name boson stars. Since then, boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single Killing vector. We discuss important varieties of boson stars, their dynamic properties, and some of their uses, concentrating on recent efforts.
Innovative and non-invasive method for the diagnosis of dyschromatopsia and the re-education of the eyes
Authors: Bile Alessandro , Bile Gianmarco , Pepino Riccardo , Tari Hamed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
Dyschromatopsia is a pathology that afflicts many people even if, in most cases, they are not aware of it. The pathology, in fact, is not disabling in everyday life even if it is limiting from some points of view. Once diagnosed, dyschromatopsia is generally not investigated further: it is not known exactly how it manifests itself and with what extent. Furthermore, since it is a genetic pathology, it is “condemned” not to be resolvable. Biological neural networks have shown the capability to readapt their structure in order to overcome sensory malfunctions or neuronal damage. We propose a diagnostic algorithm capable of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the degree of visual impairment due to the presence of congenital or acquired dyschromatopsia. The algorithm can also be easily integrated for its possible therapeutic use.

Methods
The application of a novel approach based on an innovative algorithm for the diagnosis of dyschromatopsia and plastic reeducation training of the eye is proposed.

Results
Our algorithm provides an accurate measure of the degree of dyschromatopsia severity in patients quickly and noninvasively. In addition, it can be used for a reeducational training process.

Conclusions
Dyschromatopsia is an increasingly common disease in the world. The method we developed can diagnose dyschromatopsia. The algorithm also develops a metric scale for recognizing the degree of severity. The algorithm can be used independently by specilized and non-specilized people. In addition, the algorithm can be integrated with Machine Learning techniques to create a customized eye retrainer based on the plasticity and adaptability of neural tissue.
A 110 W fiber gas Raman laser at 1153 nm
Authors: Cui Yulong , Tian Xin , Rao Binyu , Li Hao , Huang Wei , Pei Wenxi , Wang Meng , Chen Zilun , Wang Zefeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report here the first hundred-watt continuous wave fiber gas laser in H2-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) by stimulated Raman scattering. The pump source is a homemade narrow-linewidth fiber oscillator with a 3 dB linewidth of 0.15 nm at the maximum output power of 380 W. To efficiently and stably couple several-hundred-watt pump power into the hollow core and seal the gas, a hollow-core fiber end-cap is fabricated and used at the input end. A maximum power of 110 W at 1153 nm is obtained in a 5 m long hollow-core PCF filled with 36 bar H2, and the conversion efficiency of the first Stokes power is around 48.9%. This work paves the way for high-power fiber gas Raman lasers.
Comments on Murmann and Vogt ‘A Capabilities Framework for Dynamic Competition Assessing the Relative Chances of Incumbents, Start-ups, and Diversifying Entrants’
Authors: Blair John , Teece David J. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTMurmann and Vogt's (2022) analysis of the automobile industry using a capabilities framework that integrates both dynamic and ordinary capabilities supports an informative table which sets out the major relevant capabilities that incumbents, start-ups, and diversifying entrants would need to develop or access via contract or other arrangement (see Murmann and Vogt, 2022, Table 3). Jiang and Lu (2022) have further discussed new industry paradigms which they suggest will greatly challenge – and perhaps overwhelm – automotive industry incumbents. We believe that their insights can be taken a step further by focusing on two areas: first, the greatly increased availability of outsourced manufacturing driven by the shift to electric vehicle (‘EV’) powertrains; and second, the ongoing transformation of the driver and passenger experience that is driven by software–user experience software integrated with networked consumer service ecosystems.
Obstetric complications and clinical presentation in first episode of psychosis
Authors: Verdolini Norma , Mezquida Gisela , Valli Isabel , Garcia-Rizo Clemente , Cuesta Manuel , Vieta Eduard , Bioque Miquel , Lobo Antonio , González-Pinto Ana , Pina-Camacho Laura , Corripio Iluminada , Garriga Marina , Baeza Inmaculada , Martínez-Sadurní Laura , Bitanihirwe Byron , Cannon Mary , Bernardo Miquel ,   PEPs GROUP
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:Psychotic disorders exhibit a complex aetiology that combines genetic and environmental factors. Among the latter, obstetric complications (OCs) have been widely studied as risk factors, but it is not yet well understood how OCs relate to the heterogeneous presentations of psychotic disorders. We assessed the clinical phenotypes of individuals with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) in relation to the presence of OCs.Methods:Two-hundred seventy-seven patients with an FEP were assessed for OCs using the Lewis–Murray scale, with data stratified into three subscales depending on the timing and the characteristics of the obstetric event, namely: complications of pregnancy, abnormal foetal growth and development and difficulties in delivery. We also considered other two groups: any complications during the pregnancy period and all OCs taken altogether. Patients were clinically evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia.Results:Total OCs and difficulties in delivery were related to more severe psychopathology, and this remained significant after co-varying for age, sex, traumatic experiences, antipsychotic dosage and cannabis use.Conclusions:Our results highlight the relevance of OCs for the clinical presentation of psychosis. Describing the timing of the OCs is essential in understanding the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation.
‘On which they (merely) held drones’: Fugitive Tapes from the Theatre of Eternal Music Archive, 1963–6
Authors: NICKLESON PATRICK 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBetween 1963 and 1966, John Cale, Tony Conrad, La Monte Young, Marian Zazeela and a handful of other collaborators rehearsed together on a daily basis. Held since then in the archive at Young and Zazeela’s Church Street apartment in New York City, the tapes of the Theatre of Eternal Music have become obscure objects of fascination and mystery for experimental music fans. They have also been at the centre of disputes over the authorial propriety of the drones that they record. This paper offers a material history of those tapes as they circulate online. By tracking and organizing the available bootlegs, I trace the ensemble’s changing sonic self-conception as it moved from a composer-led ensemble supporting Young’s saxophone improvisations to an egalitarian collective constituted in its dedication to the daily practice of listening from ‘inside the sound’.
Stress concentration factors in countersunk holes
Authors: Young J. B. , Lee K. K. 
Published: March 2023

The use of finite element analysis in the modelling of an unloaded countersunk hole revealed that there is a consistent relationship between the maximum stress concentration factor and the design parameters of the hole — countersunk depth, edge distance, t/d ratio and countersunk angle. It has been shown that countersunk depth and edge distance have a strong influence on the Kt value while the t/d ratio has a lesser effect. Variation of countersunk angles between 90° and 110° was found to have a negligible influence on the maximum Kt values.It has also been shown that normalising the stress concentration factors of a countersunk hole by dividing the Ktvalues at various countersunk depths by the Ktvalues for a plain hole of similar configuration, enables the stress concentration factors in a countersunk hole to be determined from values in a plain hole. This is very useful since extensive work had been done on stress concentration factors for a plain hole and data are therefore more commonly available.
Moving to Your Place: Labour Coercion and Punitive Violence against Minors under Guardianship (Charcas, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries)
Authors: Revilla Orías Paola A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines the experience of minors at the intersection of guardianship, domestic servitude (free and unfree labour), and punitive violence in Charcas (Bolivia) in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. The author proposes that the study of the role of punishment in the lives of working children and adolescents allows us to question how practices that occurred under the legal cloak of guardianship – in which many members of colonial society participated – were used as a hidden practice of domination that sought to reproduce servitude based on certain origins from an early age. In this context, punitive violence exercised by masters and lords would have been at the core of prevailing prejudices about ethnic and racial difference.
Excitatory brain stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances voluntary distraction in depressed patients
Authors: Li Sijin , Chen Jingxu , Gao Kexiang , Xu Feng , Zhang Dandan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile implicit distraction could ameliorate negative feelings in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD), it remains unclear whether patients could benefit from explicit, voluntary distraction. Meanwhile, though the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is established as a crucial brain region involved in attentional control, the causal relationship between the DLPFC and voluntary distraction is unexplored in patients.MethodsCombing explicit distraction and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), this study investigated whether TMS-activated DLPFC facilitates voluntary distraction in MDD patients. Eighty patients diagnosed with current MDD underwent either active (n = 40) or sham (n = 40) TMS sessions, followed by receiving negative social feedback from other patients, during which they were requied to use distraction strategy to down-regulate their painful feelings. Electroencephalogram was recorded during the task.ResultsBoth the subjective emotional rating and the amplitude of late positive potential showed that depressed patients successfully down-regulate their negative emotions via voluntary distraction, and the TMS-activated left DLPFC produced a larger benefit of emotion regulation compared to the sham TMS group. Results also revealed that while emotion regulation effect was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in the sham TMS group, this correlation was largely diminished when patients' left DLPFC was activated by TMS during the voluntary distraction.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrated that distraction is valuable for emotion regulation in MDD patients and they could be beneficial in voluntary distraction by activating their left DLPFC using neural modulation techniques. This study has valuable implications for clinical treatement of emotional dysregulation in MDD patients.
The Unlikely Heroes of Progressive Taxation: CEOs’ Support for Bill Clinton’s Tax Increase Package in 1993
Authors: HAYASAKI SEITO 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn August 10, 1993, President Bill Clinton signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, one of the largest fiscal deficit-reduction packages in US fiscal history. This law raised the top individual income tax rate from 31% to 39.6%, which increased the average effective tax rate for high-income earners and shifted the federal fiscal balance from deficit to surplus by the end of the century. Given major business interest groups’ criticism of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993’s heavy reliance on tax increases over spending cuts, how was the Democrat-controlled Congress able to pass this legislation? Drawing on archival evidence from the Clinton Presidential Library, this paper shows that the administration and Democratic committee chairs mobilized support from corporate CEOs, including Fortune 500 executives, asking them to lobby key legislators to support the bill. Thus, with business leaders’ support and lobbying efforts, the legislation was passed with a very slight majority.
Taking care of who cares: Evaluation of a training program for home palliative care professionals
Authors: Parise Miriam , Mulé Marica , Di Noto Daniela , Maiorana Luigi , Asaro Adelaide , Zammitti Mariagrazia , Bertoni Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate an enrichment training program targeted at home palliative care professionals in terms of its effects and participants’ satisfaction. The program had 2 main aims: give voice to professionals’ emotional fatigue and promote their personal resources.MethodsOne hundred twenty-three home palliative care professionals participated in 12 parallel training courses; each course consisted of four 3-hour meetings led by 2 trainers and involved about 10–15 participants. The program adopted the method and tools typical of the enrichment approach, with the insertion of an art therapy exercise in the central meetings. The topics addressed were the following: emotional awareness in care relationship; the recognition of the needs of the patient, the family, and the professional himself; the inevitability of the death of the patient; and the challenges and resources of the multidisciplinary care team. At the first (T1) and last (T2) meetings, participants filled in a self-report questionnaire assessing work emotional fatigue, empowerment, generativity, and satisfaction with the course.ResultsParticipants were highly satisfied with the course. They reported a higher level of work emotional fatigue and a higher perception of personal resources, in terms of empowerment (both individual-oriented and relationship-oriented) and generativity at the end of the program than before.Significance of resultsResults confirm the need to provide home palliative care professionals with trainings in which they can express, share, and deal with personal and professional needs. This course gave voice to professionals’ work emotional fatigue and promoted their personal resources, while enhancing collaboration in the multidisciplinary team.
How governance shaped military responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dietrich Nick , Eck Kristine , Ruffa Chiara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost countries deployed their military in some capacity to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. We present original data on early pandemic-related deployments, identifying seven types of deployment: logistic operations, enforcement, international involvement, border protection, information provision, intelligence operations, and domestic protection. We find that military deployments are shaped by capacity and electoral considerations, even after accounting for cross-country differences in perceptions of the military. Countries with elected leaders were significantly more likely to deploy the military for border protection. Incumbents facing reelection were especially sensitive to electoral concerns, becoming significantly less likely to deploy the military for domestic enforcement when facing an imminent election.
Dispersion properties of glide-symmetric corrugated metasurface waveguides
Authors: Fischer Boris , Valerio Guido 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a mode-matching procedure is used to prove for the first time the dispersionless behavior of glide symmetry (GS) in corrugated metasurface waveguides. Depending on their field symmetry, the Floquet harmonics have a different impact onto the frequency dispersion, which is reduced with GS when the gap between the surfaces is small. Indeed, the glide-symmetric waveguide is shown to have the same effective propagation features as a scaled mirror-symmetric waveguide with half the period and a doubled gap. We propose closed-form formulas for the effective refractive index of the glide-symmetric waveguide in the first Brillouin zone, having a small groove compared to the period. The closed-form expressions analytically prove the dispersionless behavior of GS.
Quantitative Evaluation of Wavelet Analysis Method for Turbulent Flux Calculation of Non‐Stationary Series
Authors: Li Yubin , Wu Yujie , Tang Jie , Zhu Ping , Gao Zhiqiu , Yang Yuanjian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates the uncertainties of turbulent flux calculation using eddy covariance (EC) and wavelet analysis (WA) methods. First, a non‐stationary data set is concocted by adding periodic waves and random perturbations which mimic the large eddies, turbulent intermittency, and asymmetry into an observational stationary data set, and the theoretical “true” fluxes are used to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of these methods. Results show that EC and Morlet‐wavelet generate biases ranging 50%–100% of the “true” values at different non‐stationarity grades, whereas the Mexican hat (Mexhat) wavelet has a bias of about half of them. Furthermore, there is a high correlation of the Mexhat‐derived fluxes to the benchmark values, the regression slopes of the values of these two can be improved to almost 1 by adding a correction coefficient. The results suggest the potential of using the Mexhat‐wavelet method to calculate turbulent fluxes with high accuracy under non‐stationary conditions.
Investigation of the Southern Hemisphere Mid‐High Latitude Thermospheric ∑O/N2 Responses to the Space‐X Storm
Authors: Cai Xuguang , Wang Wenbin , Lin Dong , Eastes Richard W. , Qian Liying , Zhu Qingyu , Correira J. , McClintock William E. , Gan Quan , Aryal Saurav , Laskar F. I. , Karan D. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe geomagnetic storm on February 3, 2022 caused the loss of 38 Starlink satellites of Space‐X. The Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations and Multi‐Scale Atmosphere Geospace Environment (MAGE) model simulations are utilized to investigate the thermospheric composition responses to the Space‐X storm. The percentage difference of the GOLD observed thermospheric O and N2 column density ratio (∑O/N2) between the storm time (February 3, Day‐of‐Year [DOY] 34) and quiet time (DOY 32) shows a depletion region in the local noon sector mid‐high latitudes in the southern hemisphere, which corresponds to the east side of GOLD field‐of‐view (FOV). This is different from the classic theory of thermospheric composition disturbance during geomagnetic storms, under which the ∑O/N2 depletion is usually generated at local midnight and high latitudes, and thus, appear on the west side of GOLD FOV. MAGE simulations reproduce the observations qualitatively and indicate that the ∑O/N2 depletion is formed due to strong upwelling in the local morning caused by strong Joule heating. Interestingly, enhanced equatorward winds appear near local midnight, but also in the local morning sector, which transports ∑O/N2 depletion equatorward. The depletion corotates toward the local afternoon and is observed in the GOLD FOV. The equatorward winds in the local morning are due to the ion‐neutral coupling under the conditions of a dominant positive interplanetary magnetic field east‐west component (By) during the storm.
Horizontal Correlation Functions of Wind Fluctuations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Poblet Facundo L. , Vierinen Juha , Avsarkisov Victor , Conte J. Federico , Charuvil Asokan Harikrishnan , Jacobi Christoph , Chau Jorge L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMeasurements of kinetic energy in vortical and divergent fluctuations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere can be used to study stratified turbulence (ST) and gravity waves. This can be done using horizontal correlation functions of the fluctuating component of velocity. This study introduces a novel method for estimating these correlation functions using radars that observe Doppler shifts of ionized specular meteor trails. The technique solves the correlation functions directly on a longitudinal‐transverse‐up coordinate system, assuming axial symmetry. This procedure is more efficient and leads to smaller uncertainties than a previous approach. The new technique is applied to a year‐long data set from a multistatic specular meteor radar network in Germany, to study the annual variability of kinetic energy within turbulent fluctuations at 87–93 km of altitude. In monthly averages, the kinetic energy is found to be nearly equipartitioned between vortical and divergent modes. Turbulent fluctuations maximize during the winter months with approximately 25% more energy in these months than at other times. The horizontal correlation functions are in agreement with the inertial subrange of ST, exhibiting a 2/3 power law in the horizontal lag direction, with an outermost scale of ST to be about 380 km. This suggests that horizontal correlation functions could be used to estimate turbulent energy transfer rates.
Novel developments in computational spectropolarimeter
Authors: Hsiang En-Lin , Wu Shin-Tson 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCompared to conventional bulky spectropolarimeters, computational spectropolarimeters which reconstruct light-field information such as polarization and spectrum in a compact form factor, are critical equipment enabling new applications. The key component of a computational spectropolarimeter is a tunable light-field modulator, in which liquid crystal-based device is a promising candidate. By varying the applied voltage, the tunable liquid crystal metasurface can modulate the phase and spectral information of the incident light, and after a few trials, this important information can be decoded mathematically. Such a novel approach paves the foundation for developing compact and low-cost spectropolarimetric imaging devices with widespread applications in biomedical imaging, remote sensing, and optical communications.