bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion therapy for massive hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Zheyu , Xu Xiaoliang , Sun Meiling , Liu Yang , Liu Qiaoyu , Chen Chaobo , Yin Yin 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageFor potentially resectable HCC, a more aggressive conversion therapy strategy (high‐intensity combined with multiple treatment modalities) can be used.AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. The best treatment for HCC is radical surgical resection, but 70%–80% of patients are ineligible for surgery. Although conversion therapy is an established treatment strategy for various solid tumors, there is no uniform protocol for treating HCC. In this case, we present a 69‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with massive HCC with Barcelona clinical liver cancer (BCLC) stage B. Because of the insufficient volume of the future liver remnant, we believed radical surgical resection was temporarily impossible. Therefore, the patient received conversion therapy, including four cycles of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC‐Folfox), lenvatinib (8 mg orally once a day), and tislelizumab (an anti‐PD‐1 antibody, 200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks). Fortunately, the patient achieved a good treatment response (smaller lesions and improved liver function) and underwent radical surgery finally. There was no clinical evidence of recurrence at 6 months of follow‐up. For potentially resectable HCC, this case reveals that a more aggressive conversion therapy strategy (high‐intensity combined with multiple treatment modalities) can be used.
A case of closed‐lip schizencephaly with absent septum pellucidum in an adult presenting with seizure disorder
Authors: Khadka Chhabi , Gupta Umang , Bhandari Prakriti , Pandey Prabin , Paudel Shailes 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageTo rule out underlying developmental brain defects such as schizencephaly, pediatric seizures necessitate a thorough examination. Adults who receive a diagnosis later in life may face severe management and prognosis difficulties. To avoid underdiagnosis of developing brain abnormalities, imaging should be a part of the workup for pediatric seizures. Imaging is critical to the diagnosis and therapy of such cases.AbstractClosed‐lip schizencephaly with the absence of the septum pellucidum is a rare congenital malformation of the brain that can be associated with a variety of neurological conditions. We report the case of a 25‐year‐old male with left hemiparesis who presented with recurrent seizures from childhood, poorly controlled with medications, and increased tremors. He has been taking anticonvulsant for the last 7 years and is under symptomatic management. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed closed‐lip schizencephaly with absent septum pellucidum.
Insights from Enzymatic Catalysis: A Path towards Bioinspired High‐Performance Electrocatalysts
Authors: Sedenho Graziela C. , Colombo Rafael N. P. , Crespilho Frank N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnzymes, especially some metalloenzymes, are exceptional catalysts for redox reactions with technological applications in several fields, including energy conversion systems and producing fuels and value‐added chemicals. Because of that, they have inspired the development of synthetic catalysts to obtain high‐performance materials. However, several fundamental aspects should be better understood to achieve this goal, such as enzyme catalysis and the role of the three‐dimensional catalytic site. Therefore, this review addresses key structural and activity aspects of some remarkable metalloenzymes and discusses three‐dimensional catalysis as an approach to enzyme catalysis. Also, the case of the multicopper oxidase enzymes is shown as an example of how the three‐dimensional coordination environment of the copper ions in the active site can impact catalysis.
Explosion Severity of Rice Dust in a Spherical System
Authors: Semawi Nur Hikmah , Sulaiman Siti Zubaidah , Mazilan Muhammad Syahrul Ridhzuan , Md Shaarani Shalyda , Che Man Rohaida , Abdul Mudalip Siti Kholijah , Mohd Arshad Zatul Iffah , Nafsun Aainaa Izyan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRice is relatively rich in minerals, including iron, magnesium, and selenium. In the presence of a spark, rice dust suspended in air in a range of concentrations can ignite and explode. The explosion characteristics of brown, black, white, glutinous, and Bario rice were studied in a 20‐L spherical vessel. Brown rice recorded the highest explosion pressure and rate of pressure rise in both dried and undried forms, while Bario rice recorded the lowest. Brown rice was more combustible and tended to develop a fast flame mechanism once ignited owing to its low moisture content and high volatility, which made its explosion more severe compared to that of black, white, glutinous, and Bario rice.
Phosphorus Dendrimers for Metal‐Free Ligation: Design of Multivalent Pharmacological Chaperones against Gaucher Disease
Authors: Tran My Lan , Borie‐Guichot Marc , Garcia Virginie , Oukhrib Abdelouahd , Génisson Yves , Levade Thierry , Ballereau Stéphanie , Turrin Cédric‐Olivier , Dehoux Cécile 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe first phosphorus dendrimers built on a cyclotriphosphazene core and decorated with six or twelve monofluorocyclooctyne units were prepared. A simple stirring allowed the grafting of N‐hexyl deoxynojirimycin inhitopes onto their surface by copper‐free strain promoted alkyne‐azide cycloaddition click reaction. The synthesized iminosugars clusters were tested as multivalent inhibitors of the biologically relevant enzymes β‐glucocerebrosidase and acid α‐glucosidase, involved in Gaucher and Pompe lysosomal storage diseases, respectively. For both enzymes, all the multivalent compounds were more potent than the reference N‐hexyl deoxynojirimycin. Remarkably, the final dodecavalent compound proved to be one of the best β‐glucocerebrosidase inhibitors described to date. These cyclotriphosphazene‐based deoxynojirimycin dendrimers were then evaluated as pharmacological chaperones against Gaucher disease. Not only did these multivalent constructs cross the cell membranes but they were also able to increase β‐glucocerebrosidase activity in Gaucher cells. Notably, dodecavalent compound allowed a 1.4‐fold enzyme activity enhancement at a concentration as low as 100 nM. These new monofluorocyclooctyne‐presenting dendrimers may further find numerous applications in the synthesis of multivalent objects for biological and pharmacological purposes.
The Factor beyond Schmidt's Criteria Impacting the Photo‐Induced [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactivity and Photoactuation of Molecular Crystals Based on Cyclic Chalcone Analogues
Authors: Yue Yuan , Dai Jiawei , Jin Liuyang , Liu Cheng , Sun Jingbo , Ye Kaiqi , Lu Ran 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenerally, the potential reactive “olefin pairs” in the molecular crystals satisfying Schmidt's criteria could undergo topological [2+2] cycloaddition. In this study, another factor that affects the photodimerization reactivity of chalcone analogues was found. The cyclic chalcone analogues of (E)‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorobenzylidene)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐one (BIO), (E)‐2‐(naphthalen‐2‐ylmethylene)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐one (NIO), (Z)‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorobenzylidene)benzofuran‐3(2H)‐one (BFO), and (Z)‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorobenzylidene)benzo[b]thiophen‐3(2H)‐one (BTO) have been synthesized. While the geometrical parameters for the molecular packing of the above four compounds did not exceed Schmidt's criteria, [2+2] cycloaddition did not occur in the crystals of BIO and BTO. The single crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses revealed that interactions of C=O⋅⋅⋅H (CH2) existed between adjacent molecules in the crystal of BIO. Therefore, the carbonyl and methylene groups linked with one carbon atom in carbon‐carbon double bond were tightly confined in the lattice, acting as a tweezer to inhibit free movement of the double bond and suppressing [2+2] cycloaddition. In the crystal of BTO, similar interactions of Cl⋅⋅⋅S and C=O⋅⋅⋅H (C6H4) prevented free movement of the double bond. In contrast, the intermolecular interaction of C=O⋅⋅⋅H only exists around the carbonyl group in the crystals of BFO and NIO, leaving the C=C double bonds to move freely and allowing the occurrence of [2+2] cycloaddition. Driven by photodimerization, the needle‐like crystals of BFO and NIO displayed evident photo‐induced bending behavior. This work demonstrates that the intermolecular interactions around carbon‐carbon double bond affect the [2+2] cycloaddition reactivity except for Schmidt's criteria. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of photomechanical molecular crystalline materials.
Next Generation of Fluorometric Protease Assays: 7‐Nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl‐amides (NBD‐Amides) as Class‐Spanning Protease Substrates
Authors: Maus Hannah , Müller Patrick , Meta Mergim , Hoba Sabrina N. , Hammerschmidt Stefan J. , Zimmermann Robert A. , Zimmer Collin , Fuchs Natalie , Schirmeister Tanja , Barthels Fabian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFluorometric assays are one of the most frequently used methods in medicinal chemistry. Over the last 50 years, the reporter molecules for the detection of protease activity have evolved from first‐generation colorimetricp‐nitroanilides, through FRET substrates, and 7‐amino‐4‐methyl coumarin (AMC)‐based substrates. The aim of further substrate development is to increase sensitivity and reduce vulnerability to assay interferences. Herein, we describe a new generation of substrates for protease assays based on 7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl‐amides (NBD‐amides). In this study, we synthesized and tested substrates for 10 different proteases from the serine‐, cysteine‐, and metalloprotease classes. Enzyme‐ and substrate‐specific parameters as well as the inhibitory activity of literature‐known inhibitors confirmed their suitability for application in fluorometric assays. Hence, we were able to present NBD‐based alternatives for common protease substrates. In conclusion, these NBD substrates are not only less susceptible to common assay interference, but they are also able to replace FRET‐based substrates with the requirement of a prime site amino acid residue.
Mechanistic block‐based attention mechanism stacked autoencoder for describing typical unit connection industrial processes and their monitoring
Authors: Wang Chenhao , Tang Xujia , Yu Jianbo , Yang Xiaofeng , Yan Xuefeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe overall information of a process can be obtained through global modelling, and the local information is easily ignored in the research of the industrial process monitoring of unit connection. Thus, finding the global type of faults is easy, but occurs at the expense of drowning out the local faults. The use of block modelling can highlight local information, thereby improving local fault detection capability. However, the connection information between blocks is usually ignored in block modelling, which makes finding fault classes that only affect the connection relationship between blocks difficult. A mechanistic block‐based attention mechanism stacked autoencoder (MB‐AMSAE) monitoring method is proposed in this paper. The industrial process is divided into several parts in accordance with its mechanistic relationships, and each part represents an independent block. Self‐attention is used to focus on the information of each block itself. Cross‐attention is adopted to focus on the information between blocks, and this information is fused to form new blocks. The new block is used as the feature of the original block, and the original block is reconstructed by using a stacked autoencoder. The corresponding control limit is obtained in accordance with the reconstruction ability of normal samples, and whether the working conditions are normal is judged according to the control limit. The proposed algorithm is used in numerical simulation, Tennessee‐Eastman processes, and is compared with other advanced algorithms based on its fault detection capability. Results show the effectiveness of the MB‐AMSAE algorithm in process monitoring.
Recent Progress on High‐Z Metal‐Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Radiosensitization
Authors: Zhao Xiu , Li Jun , Wang Qiongwei , Zhang Zhenzhong , Liu Junjie , Zhang Chaofeng , Shi Jinjin 
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive SummaryRadiotherapy is a mainstay treatment for malignant tumors in clinical practice. However, enhancing radiation damage to tumor cells meanwhile sparing normal tissues is still a great challenge in radiotherapy. Nanomaterials with high atomic number (Z) values are promising radiosensitizers by promoting the radiation energy deposition in irradiated tumor cells, thus enhancing the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. In this review, we described the mechanisms of high‐Z element based‐radiosensitizers and systematically summarized the recent progress on high‐Z metal‐based nanomaterials, including high‐Z metal‐based nanoparticles, high‐Z metal‐based nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks and high‐Z metal‐doping nanomaterials. Finally, further potential and challenges in this field were discussed.
General guidelines for the performance of viscoelastic property identification in elastography: A Monte‐Carlo analysis from a closed‐form solution
Authors: Van Houten Elijah , Geymonat Giuseppe , Krasucki Françoise , Wattrisse Bertrand 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIdentification of the mechanical properties of a viscoelastic material depends on characteristics of the observed motion field within the object in question. For certain physical and experimental configurations and certain resolutions and variance within the measurement data, the viscoelastic properties of an object may become non‐identifiable. Elastographic imaging methods seek to provide maps of these viscoelastic properties based on displacement data measured by traditional imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance and ultrasound. Here, 1D analytic solutions of the viscoelastic wave equation are used to generate displacement fields over wave conditions representative of diverse time‐harmonic elastography applications. These solutions are tested through the minimization of a least squares objective function suitable for framing the elastography inverse calculation. Analysis shows that the damping ratio and the ratio of the viscoelastic wavelength to the size of the domain play critical roles in the form of this least squares objective function. In addition, it can be shown analytically that this objective function will contain local minima, which hinder discovery of the global minima via gradient descent methods.
Determining the critical recruitment needs for the declining population of Olea europaea subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S. Green in Free State, South Africa
Authors: Vukeya Loyd R. , Mokotjomela Thabiso M. , Powrie Leslie W. , Nenungwi L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOlea europaea subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S. Green (medium‐sized tree species known as “African wild olive”), provides important ecological goods and services for sustaining frugivores in the grassland biome in South Africa. We speculate that O. europaea subsp. africana's population has been declining due to habitat loss and exploitation for domestic benefits suggesting an unrecognized conservation threat. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the anthropogenic conservation threats for O. europaea subsp. africana in the Free State, South Africa and to determine the potential importance of seed dispersal effectiveness in the restoration of the species in the study area. Overall, the results showed that 39% of the natural habitat range has been transformed by human‐mediated activities. Agricultural activities accounted for 27%, while mining activities and human settlement accounted for 12%, of natural habitat loss. In support of the study predictions, seeds of O. europaea subsp. africana had significantly higher germination and germinated faster after passing through the mammal gut (i.e., 28% and 1.49 per week), compared to other seed treatments (i.e., over 39 weeks). However, there were no statistically significant differences between seed germination of the bird‐ingested seeds, with intact fruits as the experimental control, although both were significantly greater than the de‐pulped seeds. Potential seed dispersal distances by birds were relatively larger, ranging from 9.4 km to 53 km, than those of mammals (1.5 km–4.5 km). We propose that the O. europaea subsp. africana's habitat range may have been declining, and since it is a keystone plant species, we recommend that the complementary seed dispersal services by birds and mammals could be important for its recruitment and restoration in the degraded habitat.
Strategic multimodal non‐invasive assessment of cardiac performance in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kim Mi‐Jeong , Cho Jung Sun , Lee Kyusup , Kwon Woojin , Ohn Chaeryeon , Lee Myunhee , Kim Dae‐Won , Kim Tae‐Seok , Park Mahn‐Won 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsAlthough various non‐invasive cardiac examinations are known to be predictive of long‐term outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF), combining them properly would provide synergism. We aimed to show that non‐invasive cardiac assessments targeting left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP), left atrial remodelling, and exercise capacity would provide better prognostication in combination.Methods and resultsThis prospective observational study included consecutive hospitalized stage A–C HF patients evaluated with N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), echocardiography including two‐dimensional speckle tracking, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. According to NT‐proBNP and echocardiographic semi‐quantitative LVFP grading (Echo‐LVFP), patients were classified into three LVFP groups: normal range of both Echo‐LVFP and NT‐proBNP (Group 1), normal range of Echo‐LVFP but elevated NT‐proBNP (Group 2), and elevated Echo‐LVFP and NT‐proBNP (Group 3). The adverse outcome was defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non‐fatal acute coronary syndrome, acute stroke, or HF‐related hospitalization. Among 224 HF patients (mean age of 63.8 ± 11.6 years, 158 men) analysed, 160 (71.4%) had ischaemic aetiology. During the follow‐up of 18.6 ± 9.8 months, event‐free survival in Group 2 (n = 56, age of 65.4 ± 12.4) was better than that in Group 3 (n = 45, age of 68.5 ± 11.5) but worse than that in Group 1 (n = 123, mean age of 61.4 ± 10.5) (log‐rank P < 0.001). Mechanical left atrial dysfunction (peak longitudinal strain <28%) (adjusted hazard ratio 5.69, 95% confidence interval 1.06–4.48) and limited exercise capacity (peak VO2 per +5 mL/kg/min) (adjusted hazard ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.87) were also predictable adverse outcomes. Serial addition of peak VO2 and left atrial strain to the model incrementally enhanced the predictive power of LVFP‐based risk stratification for adverse outcomes.ConclusionsThe combination of NT‐proBNP and Echo‐LVFP could be used to predict adverse outcomes in patients with HF of various stages. Left atrial mechanics and exercise capacity are incremental to prognostication. Non‐invasive test findings could be strategically combined to provide an integrative profile of cardiac performance.
Macitentan treatment of portopulmonary hypertension with hepatopulmonary syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Niuniu , Wu Qiang , Meng Juan , Feng Cheng , Jiang Siwei , Chen Meixia , Xu Wenhui , Wang Fei , Zhang Yifan , Liu Juncai , Xu Cheng , Liu Gaolin , Gao Hong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension‐targeted therapies in portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) are scarce, let alone for patients with chronic liver failure (CLF) and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). A 48‐year male was admitted to the hospital because of cirrhosis for 18 years, systemic oedema, and chest distress after exercise for 1 week. He was diagnosed with CLF, PoPH, and HPS. After 7 weeks of macitentan treatment, the patient's activity tolerance, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), cTNI, and NT‐proBNP changes indicated gradual recovery, without hepatic safety concerns. This case indicated that administering macitentan in patients diagnosed as PoPH (with CLF and HPS) may be efficient and safe enough in a clinical setting.
1‐Azathioxanthone Appended Lanthanide(III) DO3A Complexes That Luminesce Following Excitation at 405 nm**
Authors: Gundorff Nielsen Lea , Ravnsborg Hansen Anne Katrine , Stachelek Patrycja , Pal Robert , Just Sørensen Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the pioneering report by Selvin, we have been fascinated by the potential of using lanthanide luminescence in bioimaging. The uniquely narrow emission lines and long luminescence lifetimes both provide the potential for background free images together with full certainty of probe localization. General use of lanthanide based bioimaging was first challenged by low brightness, and later by the need of UV (<405 nm) excitation sources not present in commercial microscopes. Here, we designed three lanthanide‐based imaging probes based on a known motif to investigate the limitations of 405 nm excitation. These were synthesized, characterized, investigated on dedicated as well as commercial microscopes, and the photophysics was explored in detail. It was proven without doubt that the lanthanide complexes enter the cells and luminesce internally. Even so, no lanthanide luminescence were recovered on the commercial microscopes. Thus, we returned to the photophysical properties that afforded the conclusion that – despite the advances in light sources and photodetectors – we need new designs that can give us brighter lanthanide complexes before bioimaging with lanthanide luminescence becomes something that is readily done.
Investigating the Mechanism by Which Intragap States Tailor Light Emission: Case of Copper Deficient and Zn Doped Cu−In−Se Quantum Dots**
Authors: Xie Youyang , Sheng Pengtao , Li Weili , Li Yanling , Li Songtian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe large structural tolerance of I–III–VI group quantum dots (QDs) to off‐stoichiometry allows their photoluminescence properties to be adjusted via doping, thereby enabling application in different fields. However, the photophysical processes underlying their photoluminescence mechanism remain significantly unknown. In particular, the transition channels of CuInSe2 QDs, which are altered by intrinsic and extrinsic intragap states, remain poorly reported. Herein, we investigated the photophysical processes associated with intragap states via electrochemical and optical techniques by using copper deficient Cu−In−Se QDs as well as Zn doped Cu−In−Se QDs. When the Cu/In molar ratios of Cu−In−Se QDs increased from 0.3 : 1 to 0.9 : 1, the photoluminescence spectra displayed a red‐shift from 700 nm to 1050 nm. Although there was a blue‐shift after the introduction of Zn2+ dopants in Cu−In−Se QDs, a significant red‐shift occurred (from 660 nm to 760 nm) when the Zn/Cu molar ratios decreased from 0.7 : 0.3 to 0.3 : 0.7. The Gaussian deconvolution results of the photoluminescence spectra and the band gap derived from absorption spectra by fitting supported the fact that the optical transition channels are dependent on the Cu/In and Zn/Cu molar ratios. After the introduction of the Zn2+ ions, the alloyed‐resultant blue‐shift of the emission spectra was observed, primarily due to the enlarged band gap; however, the radiative recombination of prominent intrinsic intragap states is still observed; and only a small proportion of the band‐edge exciton undergoes recombination for the sample with low Zn content. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed well‐defined extrinsic ZnCu intragap states (Zn substitution on Cu sites) and intrinsic Cux (x= 1+/2+) states in the band gap. The results presented here provide a better understanding of the varying effects of dopant on photoluminescence in terms of I–III–VI group QDs.