bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of soap bubbles technique, coughing and distraction cards on reducing pain and anxiety during phlebotomy in children
Authors: Balliel Nükhet 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aims to compare three techniques (soap bubbles, distraction cards, coughing) to reduce pain and anxiety in children during phlebotomy and collection with the use of a control group. Pain levels of children were assessed with the Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and anxiety levels of children were assessed with the Children's Fear Scale. This randomized controlled study involved intervention groups and a control group. The population of this study consisted of 120 Turkish children (30 subjects in each of the four groups soap bubbles technique, distraction cards, coughing, and control groups) between the ages of 6 and 12. The study found that pain and anxiety levels of the children in intervention groups were lower than those of the children in the control group during phlebotomy procedure and this difference was statistically significant (P < .05). No difference was found among the three techniques (Soap bubbles, distraction cards, and coughing) to reduce pain and anxiety in children during the phlebotomy procedure (P > .05). Soap bubbles, distraction cards and coughing techniques were found to reduce pain and anxiety in children during phlebotomy. Nurses can play an effective role in reducing pain and anxiety by using these techniques.
COVID‐19 in patients with persistent tachypnea of infancy
Authors: Marczak Honorata , Chruściel Joanna , Kulus Marek , Krenke Katarzyna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has raised substantial concern for patients with chronic lung diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in children with persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI).MethodsData on the history of COVID‐19, including diagnosis and clinical course of the infection, were collected during the regular follow‐up visits of children previously diagnosed with PTI. The diagnosis of COVID‐19 was based on laboratory criteria recommended by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.ResultsBetween January 1, 2021, and February 28, 2022, 62 patients with PTI (median age 3.7 years; 42 boys, 20 girls) were evaluated. COVID‐19 was diagnosed in 38 patients (61.3%). Sixteen patients (42.1%) were asymptomatic, and 22 (57.9%) were symptomatic. The most common symptoms were rhinorrhea or nasal congestion, cough, and sore throat. Sixteen patients (42.1%) were classified as having a mild course of COVID‐19, three children (7.9%) as moderate, and three children (7.9%) as severe. Follow‐up performed after a median of 6 months (range 3–12 months) revealed that, after COVID‐19, nearly all PTI patients returned to their prior status (32/38, 84.2%); 4 children (10.5%) suffered from exacerbating symptoms of PTI for 1 month. Two children (5.3%) became asymptomatic after COVID‐19.ConclusionThe course of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children with PTI is usually mild, and the risk of hospitalization is low. The course of PTI did not change after COVID‐19 in most children, and only a few patients experienced an exacerbation.
Robust complete synchronization control design for non‐collocated nonlinear master–slave system over delayed communication network
Authors: Yang Yana , Jiang Huixin , Li Junpeng , Hua Changchun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, a predictor‐based robust synchronization control scheme is proposed for a non‐collocated nonlinear master–slave system with any large networked communication time delays. In contrast to traditional collocated teleoperation systems, enhanced flexibility, and operation capacity will be obtained under the non‐collocated system structure in this article. Yet, due to the introduced input delays, existing control strategies for teleoperation systems are no longer applicable. Aiming at this problem, the terminal sliding mode (TSM) admittance control approach is proposed for the master robot to improve system transparency by receiving the contact force from the slave robot to the local side, first. Moreover, complete position synchronization performance is realized by developing a predictor‐based TSM control method for the slave robot while the closed‐loop system is subject to time‐variant large delays. It is mathematically proved that the synchronization errors between the master and the slave will converge to zero completely in finite time by compensating the effect of time delays. Finally, numerical simulations and comparisons are executed to illustrate the superior performance of the posed control algorithms.
Nanoliter Scale Parallel Liquid–Liquid Extraction for High‐Throughput Purification on a Droplet Microarray
Authors: Wiedmann Janne J. , Demirdögen Yelda N. , Schmidt Stefan , Kuzina Mariia A. , Wu Yanchen , Wang Fei , Nestler Britta , Hopf Carsten , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the current drug discovery process, the synthesis of compound libraries is separated from biological screenings both conceptually and technologically. One of the reasons is that parallel on‐chip high‐throughput purification of synthesized compounds is still a major challenge. Here, on‐chip miniaturized high‐throughput liquid–liquid extraction in volumes down to 150 nL with efficiency comparable to or better than large‐scale extraction utilizing separation funnels is demonstrated. The method is based on automated and programmable merging of arrays of aqueous nanoliter droplets with organic droplets. Multi‐step extraction performed simultaneously or with changing conditions as well as handling of femtomoles of compounds are demonstrated. In addition, the extraction efficiency is analyzed with a fast optical readout as well as matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐mass spectrometry on‐chip detection. The new massively parallel and miniaturized purification method adds another important tool to the chemBIOS concept combining chemical combinatorial synthesis with biological screenings on the same miniaturized droplet microarray platform, which will be essential to accelerate drug discovery.
Self‐Sensing Cementitious Composites with Hierarchical Carbon Fiber‐Carbon Nanotube Composite Fillers for Crack Development Monitoring of a Maglev Girder
Authors: Ding Siqi , Wang Xinyue , Qiu Liangsheng , Ni Yi‐Qing , Dong Xufeng , Cui Yanbin , Ashour Ashraf , Han Baoguo , Ou Jinping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn view of high‐performance, multifunctional, and low‐carbon development of infrastructures, there is a growing demand for smart engineering materials, making infrastructures intelligent. This paper reports a new‐generation self‐sensing cementitious composite (SSCC) incorporated with a hierarchically structured carbon fiber (CF)‐carbon nanotube (CNT) composite filler (CF‐CNT), which is in situ synthesized by directly growing CNT on CF. Various important factors including catalyst, temperature, and gas composition are considered to investigate their kinetic and thermodynamic influence on CF‐CNT synthesis. The reciprocal architecture of CF‐CNT not only alleviates the CNT aggregation, but also significantly improves the interfacial bonding between CF‐CNT and matrix. Due to the synergic and spatially morphological effects of CF‐CNT, that is, the formation of widely distributed multiscale reinforcement networks, SSCCs with CF‐CNTs exhibit high mechanical properties and electrical conductivity as well as excellent self‐sensing performances, particularly enhanced sensing repeatability. Moreover, the SSCCs with CF‐CNTs are integrated into a full‐scale maglev girder to devise a smart system for crack development monitoring. The system demonstrates high sensitivity and fidelity to capture the initiation of cracks/damage, as well as progressive and sudden damage events until the complete failure of the maglev girder, indicating its considerable potential for structural health monitoring of infrastructures.
Little brown Myotis roosts are spatially associated with foraging resources on Prince Edward Island
Authors: Balzer Evan W. , McBurney Tessa S. , Broders Hugh G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnimal fitness is closely linked to accessing and capitalizing on local resources such as prey and shelter. Resources vary in quality, thus individuals may demonstrate selectivity for particular resource types. We examined resource selection in roost selection patterns of temperate bats on Prince Edward Island. To complement existing work examining roost structural characteristics, we evaluated whether roost selection by little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) could be explained by landscape characteristics. Given a sample of roosts identified through radio telemetry, community reports and a randomly selected sample of comparison structures, we determined that a combination of proximity to forest and open wetland best explained roost selection. Roost selection appears to reflect the optimization of time and energy budgets, and the proportion of maternity roosts within the sample suggests that these constraints may be more acute in reproductive females. Given the importance of roosts for reproductive success in females, future work should seek to quantify the role of physical characteristics on roost structure selection and the preservation of suitable roosting structures.
Total Domination on Tree Operators
Authors: Bermudo Sergio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet G be a graph with vertex set V and edge set E, a set $$D\subseteq V$$

D
⊆
V

is a total dominating set if every vertex $$v\in V$$

v
∈
V

has at least one neighbor in D. The minimum cardinality among all total dominating sets is called the total domination number, and it is denoted by $$\gamma _{t}(G)$$

γ
t

(
G
)

. Given an arbitrary tree graph T, we consider some operators acting on this graph; $$\texttt {S}(T),\texttt {R}(T),\texttt {Q}(T)$$

S
(
T
)
,
R
(
T
)
,
Q
(
T
)

and $$\texttt {T}(T)$$

T
(
T
)

, and we give bounds of the total domination number of these new graphs using other parameters in the graph T. We also give the exact value of the total domination number in some of them.
Effects of baclofen on insular gain anticipation in alcohol-dependent patients — a randomized, placebo-controlled, pharmaco-fMRI pilot trial
Authors: Pelz Patricia , Genauck Alexander , Lorenz Robert C. , Wüstenberg Torsten , Wackerhagen Carolin , Charlet Katrin , Gleich Tobias , Geisel Olga , Heinz Andreas , Müller Christian A. , Beck Anne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRationaleOne hallmark of addiction is an altered neuronal reward processing. In healthy individuals (HC), reduced activity in fronto-striatal regions including the insula has been observed when a reward anticipation task was performed repeatedly. This effect could indicate a desensitization of the neural reward system due to repetition. Here, we investigated this hypothesis in a cohort of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), who have been treated with baclofen or a placebo. The efficacy of baclofen in AUD patients has been shown to have positive clinical effects, possibly via indirectly affecting structures within the neuronal reward system.ObjectivesTwenty-eight recently detoxified patients (13 receiving baclofen (BAC), 15 receiving placebo (PLA)) were investigated within a longitudinal, double-blind, and randomized pharmaco-fMRI design with an individually adjusted daily dosage of 30–270 mg.MethodsBrain responses were captured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during reward anticipation while participating in a slot machine paradigm before (t1) and after 2 weeks of individual high-dose medication (t2).ResultsAbstinence rates were significantly higher in the BAC compared to the PLA group during the 12-week high-dose medication phase. At t1, all patients showed significant bilateral striatal activation. At t2, the BAC group showed a significant decrease in insular activation compared to the PLA group.ConclusionsBy affecting insular information processing, baclofen might enable a more flexible neuronal adaptation during recurrent reward anticipation, which could resemble a desensitization as previously observed in HC. This result strengthens the modulation of the reward system as a potential mechanism of action of baclofen.Trial registrationIdentifier of the main trial (the BACLAD study) at clinical.gov: NCT0126665.
Study on the relationship between genetic polymorphism of reductive folic acid carrier and the risk of neural tube defects
Authors: Yang Xusen , Fan Guofeng , Wang Zengliang , Li Shaoshan , Qin Hu , Wang Yun , Ma Xiaohu , Ji Wenyu , Wang Yongxin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the association of folate metabolism gene polymorphism with neural tube defects (NTDs) in Chinese population.

Methods
The subjects were divided into two groups, 495 children with NTDs (NTD group) and 255 healthy children (control group).

Results
The levels of folic acid, s-adenosine methionine (SAM), and Sam/s-adenosine homocysteine (SAH) in NTD group were lower than those in control group. There were significant differences in hey, SAH, and Sam levels between two groups, but there was no significant difference in folic acid content. High fever in early pregnancy, taking antiepileptic drugs, father’s exposure to organic solvents, folic acid deficiency, and mother’s diabetes were the important risk factors in NTDs. MTHFR 677C > T gene was a risk factor for NTD in children, while 1298A > C gene was a protective factor.

Conclusion
Folic acid metabolism markers were different in NTD children and their mothers, and the overall trend showed that folate, SAM, and SAM/SAH levels were decreased, while Hcy and SAH levels were increased; MTHFR 677C > T gene of SNPs was a risk factor for the occurrence of NTDs, and MTHFR 1298A > C gene was a protective factor, and the environmental risk factor had a synergistic effect on occurrence of NTDs.
Lower HLA-G levels in extravillous trophoblasts of human term placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus than in normal controls
Authors: Knabl Julia , Hüttenbrenner Rebecca , Mahner Sven , Kainer Franz , Desoye Gernot , Jeschke Udo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe non-classical human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule HLA-G is widely known to play a major role in feto-maternal tolerance. We tested the hypothesis that HLA-G expression is altered in placentas of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a specific pattern that depends on fetal sex. HLA-G expression was analysed in a total of 80 placentas (40 placentas from women with GDM and 40 healthy controls) by immunohistochemistry using the semi-quantitative immunoreactive score (IRS). Double immunofluorescence staining identified the cells expressing HLA-G in the decidua and allowed evaluation of the expression pattern. We found a significant (p < 0.001) reduction of HLA-G expression in extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVTs) in the placentas of women with GDM as compared to the healthy controls and were able to demonstrate that this downregulation was not due to a loss of cell number, but to a loss of expression intensity. A special change in the cell pattern of EVTs was observed, with these cells showing an obvious decrease in HLA-G expression on their cell surface. No significant differences according to fetal sex were found. These data show a possible association between decreased HLA-G expression and presence of GDM and provide new insights into altered placental function in women with GDM.
Inanspruchnahme des Rettungsdiensts bei Suizidversuchen im Verlauf der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Thate Stefan , Volmerg Julia S. , Leenderts Frank , Majeed Raphael , Grabenhenrich Linus , Röhrig Rainer , Seeger Insa 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Pandemie hat zu Veränderungen in der Notfallversorgung mit atypischen Schwankungen der Einsatzzahlen geführt. Dies wurde u. a. mit dem veränderten Verhalten und einem gesteigerten Belastungsempfinden der Bevölkerung erklärt. Bestehende Untersuchungen geben Hinweise auf das gesteigerte Auftreten von psychischen Krankheitsbildern in der Notfallversorgung bei fortwährender Pandemie.

Ziel
In diesem Beitrag wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen der COVID-19-Pandemie und dem Auftreten von Einsatzstichworten im Kontext Suizid in sechs unterschiedlich strukturierten Rettungsdienstbereichen untersucht.

Methodik
Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Querschnittstudie basierend auf der Routinedokumentation einer integrierten Leitstelle mit deskriptiver und explorativer Datenanalyse. Die Daten werden anhand siedlungsstruktureller Kreistypen aufgeschlüsselt und mit dem vom Robert-Koch-Institut (RKI) dokumentierten Wert der COVID-19-Krankheitsfälle der letzten 7 Tage/100.000 Einwohner und Pandemiephasen ins Verhältnis gesetzt.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigt sich in Phase 1 und 2a ein Absinken des Einsatzaufkommens während der Pandemie. Zudem stellt sich eine Verschiebung der Dispositionsfälle mit Suizidkontext nach Strukturtypen in Phase 3 dar. Einer gesunkenen Einsatzrate im dünn besiedelten ländlichen Kreis steht eine Steigerung in der Großstadt gegenüber. Die Umstellung des Leitstellensystems zum 16.03.2021 zeigt eine deutliche Steigerung der Einsatzstichworte im Kontext Suizid.

Diskussion
Die Ausprägung der Resilienz der Landbevölkerung erscheint in Phase 3 stärker ausgeprägt. Eine kontinuierliche „mental health surveillance“ unter Einbeziehung auch rettungsdienstlich erhobener Daten kann wertvolle Erkenntnisse liefern. Die Studie zeigt zudem die Notwendigkeit einer Standardisierung von Leitstellendaten auf.
Effect of acupuncture on the energy metabolism of dogs with intervertebral disk disease and cervical disk herniation: A pilot study
Authors: Sawamura Megumi , Arai Toshiro , Kawasumi Koh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThirteen dogs with intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) and 3 dogs with cervical disk herniation (CVDH) were examined to determine the effects of acupuncture on energy metabolism. Acupuncture points GV14, GV20-1, BL18, BL23, BL26, GB30, and ST36 were selected for IVDD, while GV14, GV20-1, GB20, and BL23 were selected for CVDH. All dogs except no.13 did not receive medication during acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture effects were evaluated based on the IVDD/CVDH evaluation scales in Oji 2015 and Tanaka and Nakayama 2015. Blood samples were taken before and 30 min after acupuncture treatment. Pyruvate and lactate concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity, the MDH/LDH ratio (M/L ratio), and LDH isozyme electrophoretic patterns served as energy metabolism markers. In IVDD/CVDH dogs that showed improvements, plasma pyruvate concentrations significantly decreased, the M/L ratio increased, and the plasma LDH isozyme pattern changed from predominantly LDH5 to predominantly LDH1. These data suggest that local redox potential is improved and energy metabolism is increased in dogs with IVDD/CVDH after acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture treatments may activate the citric acid cycle and increase ATP production, followed by improvement of the disease. Future studies with a large sample size are needed to clarify this hypothesis.
Planar Sections of a Surface Close to an Umbilic
Authors: Giblin Peter , Pukhlikov Aleksandr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the intersection between a smooth algebraic surface with an umbilic point and a plane parallel and close to the tangent plane at the umbilic. The problem has its origin in the study of isophote (equal illumination) curves in a 2-dimensional image. In particular, we study the circles which have exceptional tangency to this intersection curve: ordinary tangency at one point and osculating at another; ordinary tangency at three points; and 4-point tangency at a vertex. The centres of circles having ordinary tangency at two points trace out a curve whose closure is thesymmetry setof the intersection curve, and the exceptional circles above give respectively cusps, triple crossings and endpoints of this set. We analyse the curves traced out by the contact points and centres of the exceptional circles as the plane approaches the tangent plane at the umbilic. We also briefly discuss the global structure of the symmetry set by means of a typical example.
Price dependence among the major EU extra virgin olive oil markets: a time scale analysis
Authors: Panagiotou Dimitrios , Stavrakoudis Athanassios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study is to assess the strength and mode of price dependence by time scale, among the extra virgin olive oil markets of Italy, Spain, and Greece. These three Mediterranean countries are responsible for 95% of olive oil production within the European Union and they account for more than 50% of the olive oil exports worldwide. For the empirical analysis, monthly prices from the aforementioned countries are utilized along with the tools of discrete wavelets and non-parametric copulas. Results indicate that (a) price linkages in the short run are significantly different from those in the longer run, with price dependence being stronger in the longer run, and (b) in the very long run, price shocks of the same sign but of different magnitude are transmitted from Italy to Spain with a higher probability than they are transmitted from Italy to Greece. Accordingly, the time scale affects the intensity as well as the pattern of dependence, pointing this way to asymmetric price co-movement. Regarding the integration of the three markets, the finding of asymmetric co-movement is not consistent with well-integrated markets.
Medialisierte Muslim*innenfeindlichkeit? Über das Zusammenspiel parasozialer und realer Intergruppenkontakte und ihrer Bedeutung für antimuslimische Einstellungsmuster
Authors: Öztürk Cemal 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungVerstärken massenmediale Wissensquellen über Muslim*innen antimuslimische Einstellungsmuster, wenn zwischen Muslim*innen und Nicht-Muslim*innen keine Kontakte bestehen? Eine Reihe von empirischen Beobachtungen deutet stark darauf hin. In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten haben Meinungsumfragen gezeigt, dass Stereotype über den Islam und abwertende Haltungen gegenüber Muslim*innen in Deutschland verbreitet sind. Direkte Erfahrungen liegen diesen Einstellungen selten zugrunde. Die meisten Bürger*innen haben keinen Kontakt zu Muslim*innen in ihrem Freundes- und Bekanntenkreis und beziehen ihr Wissen über Muslim*innen aus den Massenmedien. Inhaltsanalytische Studien, die die in den Massenmedien üblichen Frames über den Islam und seine Anhänger*innen untersuchen, sind sich ebenfalls einig, dass negative Darstellungen überwiegen. Aus der Perspektive der parasozialen Kontakthypothese haben solche medialen Begegnungen und insbesondere die audio-visuelle Natur des Fernsehens einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung von gesellschaftlichen Minderheiten. Die Theorie geht davon aus, dass die vorurteilsfördernde Wirkung parasozialer Kontakte stärker ist, wenn im realen Leben der Menschen keine Beziehungen zu den betreffenden Minderheiten bestehen. Die vorliegende Studie plausibilisiert diese Annahmen auf der Basis einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsbefragung aus dem Jahr 2014. Der Effekt parasozialer Begegnungen auf muslim*innenfeindliche Einstellungsmuster wird durch reale Intergruppenkontakte mit Muslim*innen moderiert bzw. abgefedert. Sie verhindern, dass sich massenmedial geschürte Zerrbilder ausbreiten und verfestigen.