bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic hardship, uncertainty about the future, and adolescent mental wellbeing over a year during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Green Kayla H. , Becht Andrik I. , van de Groep Suzanne , van der Cruijsen Renske , Sweijen Sophie W. , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocioeconomic vulnerabilities put adolescents at risk for mental wellbeing issues, also in times of a pandemic. In the present longitudinal online survey study, we explored changes in mental wellbeing (i.e., mood and life satisfaction) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Second, we examined how socioeconomic hardship in online home schooling predicted adolescents’ mental wellbeing 1 year later. Third, we tested whether this relation was mediated by feelings of uncertainty about the future. Fourth, we tested whether this relation was moderated (in terms of a protective factor) by self‐efficacy. In total, 177 Dutch‐speaking adolescents aged 10–18 years (Mage = 15.64, SDage = 1.72, 79% females) participated in all three 6‐month separated waves (T1 = May 2020, T2 = November 2020, and T3 = May 2021). Mood results demonstrated that feelings of vigor decreased between T1 and T2, and feelings of tension and depression increased between T1, T2, and T3. Socioeconomic hardship in online home schooling in the early phase of the pandemic was negatively associated with both baseline mental wellbeing and 1 year later. Socioeconomic hardship at T1 predicted higher feelings of future uncertainty at T2, and higher levels of future uncertainty were associated with lower feelings of vigor, and higher feelings of tension and depression at T3. However, we found no evidence for mediation or moderation effects. In conclusion, the present findings illustrate the complexity of disentangling the adverse effects of socioeconomic hardship on adolescent mental wellbeing.
Trust of demobilized combatants: Overcoming fear or becoming familiar?
Authors: Meernik James , Esparza Diego , Duncan Gustavo , Toro Clarita , Gaviria Juan Camilo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOne critical challenge facing postconflict societies concerns the reintegration of former combatants as productive members of society. Public trust in the legitimacy of a peace agreement is a critical component of rebuilding the economic and social foundations of a war‐torn nation.ObjectivesWe argue that the levels of trust of former combatants and confidence in their effective demobilization depend on two critical features of the postconflict environment: fears of insecurity and community engagement.MethodWe focus our analysis on Colombia and utilize data from the Latin American Public Opinion Project to create a multivariate time‐series analysis of public trust in two groups—leftist rebels and rightist paramilitaries.ResultsWe find that both the fear of former combatants and the level of engagement individuals have in their communities help predict respondent attitudes about trust in former combatants and reintegration.ConclusionFear and familiarity are key determinants in reintegration of former combatants.
Immunomodulators for severe coronavirus disease‐2019 in transplant patients: Do they increase the risk of secondary infection?
Authors: Mendoza Maria A. , Ranganath Nischal , Chesdachai Supavit , Yetmar Zachary A. , Razonable Raymund , Abu Saleh Omar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend immunomodulators, tocilizumab or baricitinib, for the management of severe coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) in patients with increasing oxygen requirements. Given their immunosuppressive effects, there is a concern for higher rates of infection among transplant recipients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of transplant patients with severe COVID‐19 between April 2020 and January 2022 was performed at the Mayo Clinic. The primary outcome was incidence of secondary infections after COVID‐19 diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were 90‐day mortality, ventilatory days, and thromboembolic events.ResultsA total of 191 hospitalized transplant patients were studied, including 77 (40.3%) patients who received an immunomodulator. Overall, 89% were solid organ transplant recipients, with kidney as the most common transplanted organ (50.3%). The majority (89.0%) required oxygen supplementation on admission, and 39.8% of these patients required mechanical ventilation during the hospital course. There was no significant difference in the incidence of secondary infections between those who received or did not receive an immunomodulator (p = .984). Likewise, there was no difference in 90‐day mortality between patients who received or did not receive an immunomodulator (p = .134). However, higher mortality was observed among patients that developed a secondary infection (p < .001).ConclusionThe use of immunomodulators in transplant patients with severe COVID‐19 was not significantly associated with an increased risk of secondary infections. Secondary infections were associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality. Future studies of larger cohorts are needed to explore the effect of immunomodulators on survival among transplant patients with COVID‐19.
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A CsEIL3‐CsARN6.1 module promotes waterlogging‐triggered adventitious root formation in cucumber by activating the expression of CsPrx5
Authors: Xu Xuewen , Liu Mengyao , Hu Qiming , Yan Wenjing , Pan Jiawei , Yan Yongming , Chen Xuehao 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYThe formation of adventitious roots (ARs) derived from hypocotyl is the most important morphological adaptation to waterlogging stress in Cucumis sativus (cucumber). Our previous study showed that cucumbers with the gene CsARN6.1, encoding an AAA ATPase domain‐containing protein, were more tolerant to waterlogging through increased AR formation. However, the apparent function of CsARN6.1 remained unknown. Here, we showed that the CsARN6.1 signal was predominantly observed throughout the cambium of hypocotyls, where de novo AR primordia are formed upon waterlogging treatment. The silencing of CsARN6.1 expression by virus‐induced gene silencing and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies adversely affects the formation of ARs under conditions of waterlogging. Waterlogging treatment significantly induced ethylene production, thus upregulating CsEIL3 expression, which encodes a putative transcription factor involved in ethylene signaling. Furthermore, yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility assay and transient expression analyses showed that CsEIL3 binds directly to the CsARN6.1 promoter to initiate its expression. CsARN6.1 was found to interact with CsPrx5, a waterlogging‐responsive class‐III peroxidase that enhanced H2O2 production and increased AR formation. These data provide insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of AAA ATPase domain‐containing protein and uncover a molecular mechanism that links ethylene signaling with the formation of ARs triggered by waterlogging.
A novel FUT1*c.889C>T allele associated with the para‐Bombay AB phenotype and computational evaluation of the mutation effect
Authors: Luo Hong , Shao Yuan , Wen Jizhi , Chen Zhixiao , Ji Yanli , Wang Jiali , Wang Zhen , Luo Guangping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMutation in the FUT1 gene can impact the structure and function of α‐(1,2)‐fucosyltransferase 1 (α2FucT1). To explain the para‐Bombay phenotype of a novel FUT1 allele, three‐dimensional (3D) modeling and mutation effect analysis of α2FucT1 were performed by bioinformatic tools.Materials and MethodsBlood and saliva samples were collected from a patient who was suspected to be a para‐Bombay phenotype. H, A, and B antigens were determined with routine serologic methods for those samples. FUT1 and FUT2 coding regions were determined by Sanger sequencing. The novel heterozygous mutation was confirmed by cloning and sequencing. 3D model of mutant α2FucT1 was built by Phyre 2 and the mutation effect was evaluated by Chimera, PROVEAN, and Polyphen‐2.ResultsWeak H, A, and B antigens were detected on RBCs of the proband and normal quantities of H, A, and B antigens were observed in his saliva. Cloning sequencing showed that the proband carried a novel FUT1 allele (c.889C>T, p.Leu297Phe) and a null FUT1*01N.06 allele. 3D model showed that the p.Leu297Phe variant in α2FucT1 reduced the number of hydrogen bonds and the mutation effect was predicted to be deleterious and possibly damaging, which suggested that the conformation and activity of the enzyme might be significantly damaged.ConclusionA novel missense mutation led to an amino acid variant p.Leu297Phe in α2FucT1, which was a potential cause of the inactivation of the enzyme. Computational evaluation was a convenient and useful approach for the mutation effect analysis of the enzyme.
Mycobacterium bovis in Egyptian mongoose, Spain
Authors: Ferreras‐Colino Elisa , Descalzo Esther , Romero Beatriz , Gortázar Christian , Ferreras Pablo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis and other related mycobacteria has been reported in a wide range of mammals worldwide. In the case of the Herpestidae family, Mycobacterium mungi and M. bovis, both belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, have been reported in banded mongooses (Mungos mungo) in Africa and in Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon) in Portugal, respectively. Thus, we hypothesized that Tuberculosis may occur in Egyptian mongooses from Spain. Twenty‐five found dead Egyptian mongooses were necropsied in order to detect macroscopic TB‐compatible lesions and mandibular lymph nodes and lungs were cultured onto mycobacteria‐specific growth media. We isolated M. bovis in 3/25 Egyptian mongooses (12.00%, IC95: 4.17–29.96%) and identified spoligotypes SB0121 (2/3) and SB0134 (1). No macroscopic TB‐compatible lesions were observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. bovis in Egyptian mongoose in Spain, as well as the only study that includes spolygotyping in this species. Although the absence of visible lesions suggests a minor role of the Egyptian mongoose in Tuberculosis epidemiology, further research thereon is encouraged.
Taenia solium: Socioeconomic changes and prevalence evolution in four endemic communities in northwestern Mexico
Authors: Hernández‐Ramírez Carlos‐Víctor , Sánchez‐García Dulce‐Carolina , Carpio‐Pedroza Juan‐Carlos , Alcántara‐Anguiano Isabel , Meza‐Lucas Antonio , Tapia‐Romero Raquel , de‐la‐Rosa‐Arana Jorge‐Luis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Mexico, for the past 30 years, a continuous decrease in the incidence of clinical taeniosis/cysticercosis has been documented. This work aimed to determine the influence of improvement in socioeconomic conditions on the prevalence of Taenia solium in four endemic communities in northwestern Mexico. This study was carried out in two phases. First, documentary information (1989–2018) was collected about the prevalence of Theridion solium in the federal entity of Sinaloa State. Second, a pilot study was performed in four communities of Sinaloa, which had an endemic history of Taenia transmission. In each community, a risk factor questionnaire was applied, and serum and stool samples were collected for convenience in a non‐probabilistic way. Anti‐cysticercus antibodies and adult worm coproantigen were determined. The documentary analysis showed the incidence of taeniosis and cysticercosis to have decreased by 98 and 53%, respectively, while the human development index increased by 5% (1992–2017). Our data suggest that the risk of parasitic transmission is low, although female sex was a risk factor for reporting tremors or seizures (prevalence rate 2.1336, CI: 1.1821–3.8508) and background of tapeworm infection (prevalence rate 1.2893, CI: 0.9795–1.6972). No tapeworms or eggs were found while examining stool samples, but protozoa cysts were observed in four samples. Unexpectedly, only one of the 79 stool samples was positive for coproantigens. This positive result was confirmed in a second sample. However, the evaluation of a third sample was negative. No antibodies were found in human (n = 377) or pig (n = 69) samples. These data suggest parasite transmission has been interrupted and could be possibly associated with improving socioeconomic conditions. Further studies are needed to determine the real prevalence of zoonoses in Mexico.
Peripheral nerve‐derived fibroblasts promote neurite outgrowth in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons more effectively than skin‐derived fibroblasts
Authors: Hara Masato , Kadoya Ken , Endo Takeshi , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough fibroblasts (Fb) are components of a peripheral nerve involved in the regenerative process associated with peripheral nerve injury, detailed information regarding their characteristics is largely lacking. The objective of the present study was to investigate the capacity of Fb derived from peripheral nerves to stimulate the outgrowth of neurites from adult dorsal root ganglion neurons and to clarify their molecular characteristics. Fibroblasts were prepared from the epineurium and parenchyma of rat sciatic nerves and skin. The Fb derived from epineurium showed the greatest effect on neurite outgrowth, followed by the Fb derived from parenchyma, indicating that Fb derived from nerves promote neurite outgrowth more effectively than skin‐derived Fb. Although both soluble and cell‐surface factors contributed evenly to the neurite‐promoting effect of nerve‐derived Fb, in crush and transection injury models, Fb were not closely associated with regenerating axons, indicating that only soluble factors from Fb are available to regenerating axons. A transcriptome analysis revealed that the molecular profiles of these Fb were distinctly different and that the gene expression profiles of soluble factors that promote axonal growth are unique to each Fb. These findings indicate that Fb are molecularly and functionally different depending on their localization in nerve tissue and that Fb derived from epineurium might be involved more than was previously thought in axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
Antagonism of TRPV4 channels partially reduces mechanotransduction in rat skeletal muscle afferents
Authors: Fukazawa Ayumi , Hori Amane , Hotta Norio , Katanosaka Kimiaki , Estrada Juan A. , Ishizawa Rie , Kim Han‐Kyul , Iwamoto Gary A. , Smith Scott A. , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Mizuno Masaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMechanical distortion of working skeletal muscle induces sympathoexcitation via thin fibre afferents, a reflex response known as the skeletal muscle mechanoreflex. However, to date, the receptor ion channels responsible for mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle remain largely undetermined. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is known to sense mechanical stimuli such as shear stress or osmotic pressure in various organs. It is hypothesized that TRPV4 in thin‐fibre primary afferents innervating skeletal muscle is involved in mechanotransduction. Fluorescence immunostaining revealed that 20.1 ± 10.1% of TRPV4 positive neurons were small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that were DiI‐labelled, and among them 9.5 ± 6.1% of TRPV4 co‐localized with the C‐fibre marker peripherin. In vitro whole‐cell patch clamp recordings from cultured rat DRG neurons demonstrated that mechanically activated current amplitude was significantly attenuated after the application of the TRPV4 antagonist HC067047 compared to control (P = 0.004). Such reductions were also observed in single‐fibre recordings from a muscle–nerve ex vivo preparation where HC067047 significantly decreased afferent discharge to mechanical stimulation (P = 0.007). Likewise, in an in vivo decerebrate rat preparation, the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to passive stretch of hindlimb muscle were significantly reduced by intra‐arterial injection of HC067047 (ΔRSNA: P = 0.019, ΔMAP: P = 0.002). The findings suggest that TRPV4 plays an important role in mechanotransduction contributing to the cardiovascular responses evoked by the skeletal muscle mechanoreflex during exercise.
imageKey points
Although a mechanical stimulus to skeletal muscle reflexively activates the sympathetic nervous system, the receptors responsible for mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle thin fibre afferents have not been fully identified.
Evidence suggests that TRPV4 is a mechanosensitive channel that plays an important role in mechanotransduction within various organs.
Immunocytochemical staining demonstrates that TRPV4 is expressed in group IV skeletal muscle afferents. In addition, we show that the TRPV4 antagonist HC067047 decreases the responsiveness of thin fibre afferents to mechanical stimulation at the muscle tissue level as well as at the level of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Moreover, we demonstrate that intra‐arterial HC067047 injection attenuates the sympathetic and pressor responses to passive muscle stretch in decerebrate rats.
These data suggest that antagonism of TRPV4 attenuates mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle afferents.
The present study demonstrates a probable physiological role for TRPV4 in the regulation of mechanical sensation in somatosensory thin fibre muscle afferents.
Traversable wormholes with electric charge and scalar field in f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Godani Nisha , Samanta Gauranga C. 
Published: March 2023

Kim and Lee [Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001) 064014] studied charged wormholes and Morris–Thorne wormholes in the presence of scalar field using the concepts of general relativity. In this paper, we have also considered same wormholes affected with electric charge and scalar field and extended their study using the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity with [Formula: see text] gravity model, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are constants. We have examined the possibility for minimization of the amount of exotic matter through energy conditions. Further, we have obtained the deflection angle, an important notion in gravitational lensing, by using strong field limit coefficients which may be helpful in the detection of wormholes.
Discovery of Transacting Long Noncoding RNAs That Regulate Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype
Authors: Shi Huitong , Nguyen Trieu , Zhao Quanyi , Cheng Paul , Sharma Disha , Kim Hyun-Jung , Brian Kim Juyong , Wirka Robert , Weldy Chad S. , Monteiro João P. , Quertermous Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Smooth muscle cells (SMC), the major cell type in atherosclerotic plaques, are vital in coronary artery diseases (CADs). SMC phenotypic transition, which leads to the formation of various cell types in atherosclerotic plaques, is regulated by a network of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and governs the risk of disease. The involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been increasingly identified in cardiovascular disease. However, SMC lncRNAs have not been comprehensively characterized, and their regulatory role in SMC state transition remains unknown.

Methods:
A discovery pipeline was constructed and applied to deeply strand-specific RNA sequencing from perturbed human coronary artery SMC with different disease-related stimuli, to allow for the detection of novel lncRNAs. The functional relevance of a select few novel lncRNAs were verified in vitro.

Results:

We identified 4579 known and 13 655 de novo lncRNAs in human coronary artery SMC. Consistent with previous long noncoding RNA studies, these lncRNAs overall have fewer exons, are shorter in length than protein-coding genes (pcGenes), and have relatively low expression level. Genomic location of these long noncoding RNA is disproportionately enriched near CAD-related TFs (transcription factors), genetic loci, and gene regulators of SMC identity, suggesting the importance of their function in disease. Two de novo lncRNAs,
ZIPPOR
(ZEB-interacting suppressor) and
TNS1-AS2
(TNS1-antisense 2), were identified by our screen. Combining transcriptional data and in silico modeling along with in vitro validation, we identified CAD gene
ZEB2
as a target through which these lncRNAs exert their function in SMC phenotypic transition.

Conclusions:
Expression of a large and diverse set of lncRNAs in human coronary artery SMC are highly dynamic in response to CAD-related stimuli. The dynamic changes in expression of these lncRNAs correspond to alterations in transcriptional programs that are relevant to CAD, suggesting a critical role for lncRNAs in SMC phenotypic transition and human atherosclerotic disease.
Self-Management Support Using Advertising Principles for Older Adults With Low Income at High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Campbell David J.T. , Tonelli Marcello , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Faris Peter , Zhang Jianguo , Au Flora , Tsuyuki Ross T. , Mitchell Chad , Pannu Raj , Campbell Tavis , Ivers Noah , Fletcher Jane , Exner Derek V. , Manns Braden J. ,   for the Interdisciplinary Chronic Disease Collaboration
Published: March 2023

Background:
Self-management education and support (SMES) interventions have modest effects on intermediate outcomes for those at risk of cardiovascular disease, but few studies have measured or demonstrated an effect on clinical end points. Advertising for commercial products is known to influence behavior, but advertising principles are not typically incorporated into SMES design.

Methods:
This randomized trial studied the effect of a novel tailored SMES program designed by an advertising firm among a population of older adults with low income at high cardiovascular risk in Alberta, Canada. The intervention included health promotion messaging from a fictitious “peer” and facilitated relay of clinical information to patients’ primary care provider and pharmacist. The primary outcome was the composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, and hospitalizations for cardiovascular-related ambulatory care–sensitive conditions. Rates of the primary outcome and its components were compared using negative binomial regression. Secondary outcomes included quality of life (EQ-5D [EuroQoL 5-dimension] index score), medication adherence, and overall health care costs.

Results:

We randomized 4761 individuals, with a mean age of 74.4 years, of whom 46.8% were female. There was no evidence of statistical interaction (
P
=0.99) or of a synergistic effect between the 2 interventions in the factorial trial with respect to the primary outcome, which allowed us to evaluate the effect of each intervention separately. Over a median follow-up time of 36 months, the rate of the primary outcome was lower in the group that received SMES compared with the control group (incidence rate ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61 to 1.00];
P
=0.047). No significant between-group changes in quality of life over time were observed (mean difference, 0.0001 [95% CI, −0.018 to 0.018];
P
=0.99). The proportion of participants who were adherent to medications was not different between the 2 groups (
P
=0.199 for statins and
P
=0.754 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers). Overall adjusted health care costs did not differ between those receiving SMES and the control group ($2015 [95% CI, −$1953 to $5985];
P
=0.320).

Conclusions:
For older adults with low income, a tailored SMES program using advertising principles reduced the rate of clinical outcomes compared with usual care. The mechanisms of improvement are unclear and further studies are required.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02579655.