bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minority hair tax: pricing bias in haircare products
Authors: Sow Yacine N. , Onalaja-Underwood Amanda A. , Jackson Tiaranesha K. , Taylor Susan C. , Ogunleye Temitayo A. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Black haircare is an estimated $2.51-billion-dollar industry. Black women spend 9 times more on ethnic hair products than non-Black consumers. The haircare industry has adapted to these market trends by developing products catering to the needs of “natural hair,” referring to curly to tightly coiled hair texture that has not been chemically straightened with a relaxer. Anecdotally, natural haircare products are relatively expensive.

Objective:
We aimed to investigate texture-based price differences for haircare products targeting coily/curly compared to straight hair types.

Methods:
Data were collected in August 2022 from 6 brands available on www.amazon.com. After stratifying the data by manufacturer, hair texture, and average price/oz, we used 2 sample t-test with equal variances to examine cost differences.

Results:
Overall, there was a significant difference in average price/oz between all coily/curly and straight hair products, with coily/curly hair products being more expensive. When stratified by manufacturer, one leading US manufacturer sold coily/curly hair products at a higher price ($0.66/oz ±$0.05) compared with straight hair products ($0.46/oz ±$0.04), t
14 = 2.8967, P < 0.0134.

Limitations:
A small sample size of only shampoos and conditioners were analyzed, which may not represent the number of haircare products that consumers use.

Conclusion:
Pricing policies should ensure that all individuals have access to effective, affordable haircare products. Dermatologists should also be cognizant of pricing differences to direct patients with natural hair to fairly priced products.
Urolithiasis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13,339,065 individuals
Authors: Abdulrhman Aldukhayel , Alsweed Adil , Alotaibi May Rashed , Aldakhil Abdullah Yousef , Alahmadi Shahad Fahad , Albishri Saud Musallum , Alhmed Nurah Ibrahem 
Published: June 2023

Background:
This study aimed to summarize the current literature regarding the prevalence of renal stones in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of urolithiasis in patients with IBD and the difference between patients with IBD and healthy controls in terms of urinary profile.

Methods:
On February 23, 2022, a computerized search was conducted on PubMed, OVID via MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus using relevant keywords. Three independent reviewers performed 2-stage screening and data extraction. The National Institutes of Health tools were employed for quality assessment. Review Manager 5.4 software was used to calculate the mean difference (MD) between IBD patients and non-IBD in terms of urine profile using the Inverse-variance model and to estimate the odds ratio of reported risk factors for renal stones with the Generic Inverse-Variance model.

Results:
Thirty-two articles (n = 13,339,065 patients) were included. The overall prevalence of renal stones in patients with IBD was 6.3%, 95% Confidence interval (4.8%–8.3%). The prevalence of urolithiasis was more common in Chron’s disease vs Ulcerative colitis (7.9% vs 5.6%) and in old studies (1964–2009) than in more recent studies (2010–2022) (7.3% vs 5.2%), respectively. Compared to non-IBD patients, patients with IBD were associated with significantly lower urine volume (MD = −518.84 mL/day, P < .00001), calcium 24-hour urine (MD = −28.46 mg/day, P < .0001), citrate 24-hour urine (MD = −144.35 mg/day, P < .00001), sodium 24-hour urine (MD = −23.72 mg/day, P = .04), and magnesium 24-hour urine (MD = −33.25 mg/day, P < .00001).

Conclusion:
The overall prevalence of renal stones in patients with IBD was comparable to the general population. Patients with Chron’s disease were associated with a higher prevalence of urolithiasis compared to Ulcerative colitis. Drugs that induce renal calculi should be stopped in high-risk patients.
Case report: Gitelman syndrome with diabetes: Confirmed by both hydrochlorothiazide test and genetic testing
Authors: Yang Luyang , Fan Jinmeng , Liu Yunfeng , Ren Yi , Liu Zekun , Fu Hairui , Qi Hao , Yang Jing 
Published: June 2023

Rationale:
Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive tubulopathy caused by mutations of the SLC12A3 gene. It is characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity can cause glucose metabolism dysfunction. The diagnosis of GS includes clinical diagnosis, genetic diagnosis and functional diagnosis. The gene diagnosis is the golden criterion while as functional diagnosis is of great value in differential diagnosis. The hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) test is helpful to distinguish GS from batter syndrome, but few cases have been reported to have HCT testing.

Patient concerns:
A 51-year-old Chinese woman presented to emergency department because of intermittent fatigue for more than 10 years.

Diagnoses:
Laboratory test results showed hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria and metabolic alkalosis. The HCT test showed no response. Using next-generation and Sanger sequencing, we identified 2 heterozygous missense variants (c.533C > T:p.S178L and c.2582G > A:p.R861H) in the SLC12A3 gene. In addition, the patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 7 years ago. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with GS with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM).

Interventions:
She was given potassium and magnesium supplements, and dapagliflozin was used to control her blood glucose.

Outcomes:
After treatments, her fatigue symptoms were reduced, blood potassium and magnesium levels were increased, and blood glucose levels were well controlled.

Lessons:
When GS is considered in patients with unexplained hypokalemia, the HCT test can be used for differential diagnosis, and genetic testing can be continued to confirm the diagnosis when conditions are available. GS patients often have abnormal glucose metabolism, which is mainly caused by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and secondary activation of RAAS. When a patient is diagnosed with GS and type 2 diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can be used to control the blood glucose level and assist in raising blood magnesium.
A Comparison of the 1918 and 2019 Pandemics in the United States
Authors: Baldwin Kathleen M. , Gray Shara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere are eerie similarities between the 1918 Spanish influenza and 2019 COVID-19 pandemics that are somewhat surprising and disheartening, given that the time interval between the 2 pandemics is more than 100 years. This article covers the national response, etiology and pathophysiology, disease course and treatments, nursing shortages, healthcare responses, sequelae following infections, and economic and social impacts of both pandemics. Understanding the development and course of both pandemics will inform clinical nurse specialists about the changes that need to be made to be better prepared to recognize the changes that need to be made to prepare for the next pandemic.
Self-efficacy in Clinical Nurse Specialists During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Greenwood Wendy D. , Bishop Pamela 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived self-efficacy of the clinical nurse specialist working in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore whether there was any difference in self-efficacy based on practice focus (spheres of impact) and if differences existed between self-efficacy and demographics.

Design
This study used a nonexperimental, correlational, cross-sectional design utilizing a voluntary, anonymous, 1-time survey administered through Qualtrics (Qualtrics, Provo, UT).

Methods
The National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists and 9 state affiliates distributed the electronic survey starting late October 2021 through January 2022. Survey content consisted of demographics and the General Self-efficacy Scale, which measures the individual’s perceived ability to cope and execute tasks when faced with hardship or adversity. Sample size was 105.

Results
Results included a high perception of self-efficacy of the clinical nurse specialist working during the pandemic, no statistical significance in practice focus, and a statistically significant difference in the scores of self-efficacy for participants with previous infectious disease experience compared with those without experience.

Conclusions
Clinical nurse specialists with previous infectious disease experience can guide policy, be utilized in multifaceted roles to support future infectious disease outbreaks, and develop training to prepare and support clinicians during crises such as pandemics.
Neutrophil and NETosis Modulation in Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Nunez Johanna H. , Juan Conan , Sun Yuxiao , Hong Jonathan , Bancroft Alec C. , Hwang Charles , Medrano Jessica , Huber Amanda K. , Tower Robert J , Levi Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To characterize the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in heterotopic ossification formation and progression and to use mechanical and pharmacological methods to decrease NETosis and mitigate heterotopic ossification (HO) formation.

Summary Background Data:
Traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) is the aberrant osteochondral differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells following traumatic injury, burns, or surgery. While the innate immune response has been shown to be necessary for HO formation, the specific immune cell phenotype and function remains unknown. Neutrophils, one of the earliest immune cells to respond following HO inducing injuries, can extrude DNA, forming highly inflammatory neutrophil extracellular traps. We hypothesized that neutrophils and NETs would be diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the detection and mitigation of HO.

Methods:
C57BL6J mice underwent burn/tenotomy (BT) (a well-established mouse model of HO) or a non-HO-forming sham injury. These mice were either 1) ambulated ad libitum, 2) ambulated ad libitum with daily intraperitoneal hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), ODN-2088 (both known to affect NETosis pathways), or control injections, or 3) had the injured hind limb immobilized. Single-cell analysis was performed to analyze neutrophils, NETosis, and downstream signaling following the HO-forming injury. Immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy was used to visualize NETosis at the HO site and neutrophils were identified using flow cytometry. Serum and cell lysates from HO sites were analyzed using ELISA for MPO-DNA and ELA2-DNA complexes to identify NETosis. Micro-CT (uCT) was performed on all groups to analyze the HO volume.

Results:
Molecular and transcriptional analyses revealed the presence of NETs within the HO injury site, which peaked in the early phases after injury. These NETs were highly restricted to the HO site, with gene signatures derived from both in vitro NET induction and clinical neutrophil characterizations showing a high degree of NET “priming” at the site of injury, but not in neutrophils in the blood or bone marrow. Cell-cell communication analyses revealed that this localized NET formation coincided with high levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling specific to neutrophils at the injury site. Reducing the overall neutrophil abundance within the injury site, either pharmacologically through treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the TLR9 inhibitor OPN-2088, or mechanical treatment with limb offloading, results in mitigation of HO formation.

Conclusions:
These data provide a further understanding of the ability of neutrophils to form NETs at the injury site, clarify the role of neutrophils in HO, and identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for HO mitigation.
Association of Pelvic Floor Disorders, Perceived Psychological Stress, and Military Service in U.S. Navy Servicewomen: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Greer Joy A. , Heye Kristen R. , McGlynn Andrea , Johansson Shorty , Vaccaro Christine M. 
Published: June 2023

Importance
Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) are linked to psychological stress and decreased work performance in civilian populations. Higher psychological stress is reported in female active-duty servicewomen (ADSW), which affects military readiness.

Objective
This study sought to associate PFDs, work-related challenges, and psychological stress in ADSW.

Study Design
We conducted a single-site, cross-sectional survey of ADSW seeking care in the urogynecology, family medicine, and women's health clinics between December 2018 and February 2020 using validated questionnaires to determine the prevalence of PFDs and the association with psychological stress, performance of military duties, and continued military service.

Results
One hundred seventy-eight U.S. Navy ADSW responded; most were seeking care for PFDs. The reported prevalence rates of PFDs were as follows: urinary incontinence, 53.7%; pelvic organ prolapse, 16.3%; fecal incontinence, 73.2%; and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, 20.3%. Active-duty servicewomen with PFDs were more likely to have higher psychological stress scores (22.5 ± 3.7 vs 20.5 ± 4.2, P = 0.002) and body composition failures (22.0% vs 7.3%, P = 0.012), yet more strongly consider remaining on active service if they reported urinary incontinence (22.8% vs 1.8%) or interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (19.5% vs 1.8%; all P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were noted in physical fitness failures or other military duties.

Conclusions
For these U.S. Navy ADSW with PFDs, there was no significant difference in duty performance but reported psychological stress levels were higher. The presence of PFD was associated with women more strongly considering ongoing military service compared with other factors such as family, job, or career path.
Comparison of Readmission Rates for Same-Day Versus Next-Day Discharge After Benign Vaginal Hysterectomy
Authors: Robison Elizabeth H. , Burger Kristina A. , Nekkanti Silpa , Hundley Andrew F. , Hudson Catherine O. 
Published: June 2023

Importance
Same-day discharge (SDD) for laparoscopic hysterectomy is shown to be safe and acceptable, but data for vaginal hysterectomy (VH) are lacking.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare 30-day readmission rates, timing, and reasons for readmission for SDD versus next-day discharge (NDD) after VH.

Study Design
This was a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2019. Cases of VH with or without prolapse repair were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. The primary outcome was 30-day readmissions after SDD versus NDD. Secondary outcomes included reasons for and time to readmission and a subanalysis evaluating 30-day readmissions for those with prolapse repair. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
There were 24,277 women included; 4,073 (16.8%) were SDD. The 30-day readmission rate was low (2.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–2.2%), with no difference in odds of readmission for SDD versus NDD after VH in multivariate analysis (SDD adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7–1.2). Results were similar in our subanalysis of VH with prolapse surgery (SDD aOR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.55–1.62). Median time to readmission was 11 days and did not differ (SDD interquartile range, 5, 16 [range, 0–29] vs NDD, 7, 16 [range, 1–30]; Z = −1.30; P = 0.193). The most common reasons for readmission were bleeding (15.9%), infection (11.6%), bowel obstruction (8.7%), pain (6.8%), and nausea/emesis (6.8%).

Conclusions
Same-day discharge after VH did not have an increased odds of 30-day readmission compared with NDD. This study, with preexisting data, supports the practice of SDD after benign VH in low-risk patients.
Five-Year Collis-Nissen Gastroplasty Outcomes for Type III-IV Hiatal Hernia with Short Esophagus: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Montcusí Blanca , Jaume-Bottcher Sofia , Álvarez Idoia , Ramón José M , Sánchez-Parrilla Juan , Grande Luis , Pera Manuel 
Published: June 2023

Background:
To assess the 5-year outcomes of patients undergoing Collis-Nissen gastroplasty for type III-IV hiatal hernia with short esophagus.

Study Design:
From a prospective observational cohort of patients who underwent antireflux surgery for type III-IV hiatal hernia between 2009 and 2020, those with short esophagus (abdominal length <2.5 cm) in whom a Collis-Nissen procedure was performed and reached at least 5 years of follow-up were identified. Hernia recurrence, patient´s symptoms, and quality of life were assessed annually by barium meal X-ray, upper endoscopy, and validated symptoms and Quality of Life (QOLRAD) questionnaires.

Results:
Of the 114 patients with Collis-Nissen gastroplasty, 80 patients who completed a 5-year follow-up were included (mean age 71 years). There were no postoperative leaks or deaths. Recurrent hiatal hernia (any size) was identified in 7 patients (8.8%). Heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and cough were significantly improved at each follow-up interval (P < 0.05). Preoperative dysphagia disappeared or improved in 26 of 30 patients, while new-onset dysphagia occurred in 6. Mean postoperative quality of life scores significantly improved at all dimensions (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Collis gastroplasty combined with Nissen fundoplication provides low hernia recurrence, good control of symptoms, and improved quality of life in patients with large hiatal hernia and short esophagus.
Omicron vs. the Rest: Assessing the Competitive Dynamics and Coinfection Scenarios of COVID-19 Strains on a Social Network
Authors: Jabraeilian Hamed , Jamali Yousef 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe rapid spread and evolving nature of COVID-19 variants have raised concerns regarding their competitive dynamics and coinfection scenarios. In this study, we assess the competitive interactions between the Omicron variant and other prominent variants (Alpha, Beta, and Delta) on a social network, considering both single infection and coinfection states. Using the SIRS model, we simulate the progression of these variants and analyze their impact on infection rates, mortality, and overall disease burden. Our findings demonstrate that the Alpha and Beta strains exhibit comparable contagion levels, with the Alpha strain displaying higher infection and mortality rates. Moreover, the Delta strain emerges as the most prevalent and virulent strain, surpassing the other variants. When introduced alongside the less virulent Omicron strain, the Delta strain results in higher infection and mortality rates. However, the Omicron strain’s dominance leads to an overall increase in disease statistics. Remarkably, our study highlights the efficacy of the Omicron variant in supplanting more virulent strains and its potential role in mitigating the spread of infectious diseases. The Omicron strain demonstrates a competitive advantage over the other variants, suggesting its potential to reduce the severity of the disease and alleviate the burden on healthcare systems. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and understanding the dynamics of COVID-19 variants, as they can inform effective prevention and mitigation strategies, particularly with the emergence of variants that possess a relative advantage in controlling disease transmission.
Spontaneous activity in peripheral sensory nerves – a systematic review
Authors: Choi Dongchan , Goodwin George , Stevens Edward B. , Soliman Nadia , Namer Barbara , Denk Franziska 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the peripheral nervous system, spontaneous activity in sensory neurons is considered to be one of the two main drivers of chronic pain states, alongside neuronal sensitization. Despite this, the precise nature and timing of this spontaneous activity in neuropathic pain is not well-established.Here, we have carried out a systematic search and data extraction of existing electrophysiological literature to shed light on which fibre types have been shown to maintain spontaneous activity and over what time frame. We examined bothin vivorecordings of pre-clinical models of neuropathic pain, as well as microneurography recordings in humans.Our analyses reveal that there is broad agreement on the presence of spontaneous activity in neuropathic pain conditions, even months after injury or years after onset of neuropathic symptoms in humans. However, due to the highly specialised nature of the electrophysiological methods used to measure spontaneous activity, there is also a high degree of variability and uncertainty around these results. Specifically, there are very few directly controlled experiments, with little directly comparable data between human and animals.Given that spontaneous peripheral neuron activity is considered to be a key mechanistic feature of chronic pain conditions, it may be beneficial to conduct further experiments in this space.
Natural monobacterial environments modulate viral infection inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: González Rubén , Félix Marie-Anne 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe microbes associated with an organism play a pivotal role in modulating their host susceptibility to viral infections. However, the influence of individual microbes on viral infections is not well understood. Here, we examined the impact of 67 naturally bacterial associates onCaenorhabditis eleganssusceptibility to Orsay virus. Our findings reveal that viral infection ofC. elegansis significantly influenced by monobacterial environments. The majority of tested natural bacterial environments reducedC. elegans viral infection while some increased susceptibility compared to anEscherichia colienvironmental reference. The reduction in viral infection is not caused by degradation of the virions or poor nutrition ofC. elegansby the bacteria. The reduction in viral infection does not require known antiviral responses, including RNA interference and transcriptional regulation downstream of the RIG-I homolog DRH-1. However, one bacterium,LelliottiaJUb276, reduced susceptibility but does not induce resistance to viral infection indrh-1mutants. Our research underscores the importance of considering the natural biotic environment in studies of viral infections and provides insights for future research on host-microbes-virus interactions and viral immunity.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSConceptualization: RG, MAF; Formal analysis: RG; Investigation: RG; Resources: MAF; Data Curation: RG; Writing - Original Draft: RG, MAF; Writing - Review & Editing: RG, MAF; Visualization: RG; Supervision: MAF; Project administration: RG, MAF; Funding acquisition: RG, MAF.
Digital-robotic markers for hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Albert Louis , Potheegadoo Jevita , Herbelin Bruno , Bernasconi Fosco , Blanke Olaf 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHallucinations are frequent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with dementia and higher mortality. Despite their high clinical relevance, current assessments of hallucinations are based on verbal self-reports and interviews that are limited by important biases. Here, we used virtual reality (VR), robotics, and digital online technology to quantify presence hallucination (PH) in laboratory and home-based settings. We establish that elevated numerosity estimation of digital humans in VR is a digital marker for experimentally induced PH in healthy participants, as confirmed across several control conditions and analyses. We translated the digital marker (numerosity estimation) to an online procedure that 170 PD patients carried out remotely at their homes, revealing that PD patients with disease-related PH (but not control PD patients) showed higher numerosity estimation. Numerosity estimation enables quantitative monitoring of hallucinations, is an easy-to-use unobtrusive online method, reaching people far away from medical centers, translating neuroscientific findings using robotics and VR, to patients’ homes without specific equipment or trained staff.