bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of sedentary behaviour in adults with acute insomnia derived from actigraphy data
Authors: Rani Sunita , Shelyag Sergiy , Angelova Maia 
Published: September 2023

Background
Sleep disorders, such as insomnia, have been associated with extended periods of inactive, sedentary behaviour. Many factors contribute to insomnia, including stress, irregular sleep patterns, mental health issues, inadequate sleeping schedules, diseases, neurological disorders and prescription medications.

Objectives
Identification of the patterns of sedentary time and its duration in adults with acute insomnia and healthy controls to determine the statistically significant sedentary bouts; comparison of the sedentary behaviour patterns in acute insomnia adults with healthy controls.

Methods
We investigate the daytime actigraphy data and identify temporal patterns of inactivity among adults with acute insomnia and healthy adults. Seven days of actigraphy data were utilised to calculate sedentary time and bouts of variable duration based on a threshold of activity counts (<100 counts per minute). Statistical analysis was applied to investigate sedentary bouts and total sedentary time during weekdays and weekend. A logistic regression model has been used to determine the significance of sedentary bouts.

Results
We found that individuals with acute insomnia accumulate a significant amount of their sedentary time in medium (6—30 minutes and 31—60 minutes) and longer (more than 60 minutes) duration bouts in comparison to healthy adults. Furthermore, a low p value for total sedentary time (2.54 ⋅ 10−4) association with acute insomnia supports the finding that acute insomnia individuals are significantly more engaged in sedentary activities compared to healthy controls. Also, as shown by the weekend vs weekday analysis, the physical and sedentary activity patterns of acute insomnia adults demonstrate higher variability during the weekdays in comparison to the weekend.

Conclusion
The results of the present study demonstrate that adults with acute insomnia spend more time in low-intensity daily physical activities compared to healthy adults.
Long non-coding RNA as a potential diagnostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Masrour Mahdi , Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Fallahtafti Parisa , Rezaei Nima 
Published: September 2023

Background
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of malignancies arising from the epithelium of the head and neck. Despite efforts in treatment, results have remained unsatisfactory, and the death rate is high. Early diagnosis of HNSCC has clinical importance due to its high rates of invasion and metastasis. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of lncRNAs in HNSCC patients.

Methods
PubMed, ISI, SCOPUS, and EMBASE were searched for original publications published till April 2023 using MeSH terms and free keywords “long non-coding RNA” and “head and neck squamous cell carcinoma” and their expansions. The Reitsma bivariate random effect model pooled diagnostic test performance for studies that reported specificity and sensitivity; diagnostic AUC values from all trials were meta-analyzed using the random effects model with the inverse variance method.

Results
The initial database search yielded 3209 articles, and 25 studies met our criteria. The cumulative sensitivity and specificity for lncRNAs in the diagnosis of HNSCC were 0.74 (95%CI: 0.68–0.7 (and 0.79 (95%CI: 0.74–0.83), respectively. The pooled AUC value for all specimen types was found to be 0.83. Using the inverse variance method, 71 individual lncRNAs yielded a pooled AUC of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.74–0.79). Five studies reported on the diagnostic accuracy of the MALAT1 lncRNA with a pooled AUC value of 0.83 (95%CI: 0.73–0.94).

Conclusions
LncRNAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC, but further investigation is needed to validate clinical efficacy and elucidate mechanisms. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics should be used to ascertain expression profiles.
Behavioral Artifacts: What is an Artifact? Or Who Does it?
Authors: Friedman Ken 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The word “artifact” comes from two Latin words. The first, “arte”, means “by skill”, from “ars”, skill. The second, “factum”, is the past participle of “facere”, to do or to make.The word dates back to the early 1800s, meaning “something created by humans usually for a practical purpose; especially: an object remaining from a particular period” and “something characteristic of or resulting from a particular human institution, period, trend, or individual” (Merriam-Webster, 1990, p. 105). Most definitions focus on the quality of artifacts as things, speaking of objects and remains rather than process or production. Typical definitions are “anything made by human art and workmanship; an artificial product. In archeology, applied to the rude products of aboriginal workmanship as distinguished from natural remains”, “a product of human art or workmanship”, “any object made by human beings” (Oxford English Dictionary, 2006, n.p.; Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993, p. 120; Wordsmyth, 2006, n.p.).I am as interested in the artifacts of doing as in the artifacts of making. Many artifacts exist only in human behavior, individual and social. These are the focus of this essay.
Conventional vs Short Duration of Antibiotics in Patients With Moderate or Severe Cholangitis: Noninferiority Randomized Trial
Authors: Srinu Deshidi , Shah Jimil , Jena Anuraag , Jearth Vaneet , Singh Anupam K. , Mandavdhare Harshal S. , Sharma Vishal , Irrinki Santosh , Sakaray Yashwant Raj , Gupta Rajesh , Gautam Vikas , Rana Surinder , Dutta Usha 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Successful biliary drainage and antibiotics are the mainstays of therapy in management of patients with acute cholangitis. However, the duration of antibiotic therapy after successful biliary drainage has not been prospectively evaluated. We conducted a single-center, randomized, noninferiority trial to compare short duration of antibiotic therapy with conventional duration of antibiotic therapy in patients with moderate or severe cholangitis.

METHODS:
Consecutive patients were screened for the inclusion criteria and randomized into either conventional duration (CD) group (8 days) or short duration (SD) group (4 days) of antibiotic therapy. The primary outcome was clinical cure (absence of recurrence of cholangitis at day 30 and >50% reduction of bilirubin at day 15). Secondary outcomes were total days of antibiotic therapy and hospitalization within 30 days, antibiotic-related adverse events, and all-cause mortality at day 30.

RESULTS:
The study included 120 patients (the mean age was 55.85 ± 13.52 years, and 50% were male patients). Of them, 51.7% patients had malignant etiology and 76.7% patients had moderate cholangitis. Clinical cure was seen in 79.66% (95% confidence interval, 67.58%–88.12%) patients in the CD group and 77.97% (95% confidence interval, 65.74%–86.78%) patients in the SD group (P = 0.822). On multivariate analysis, malignant etiology and hypotension at presentation were associated with lower clinical cure. Total duration of antibiotics required postintervention was lower in the SD group (8.58 ± 1.92 and 4.75 ± 2.32 days; P < 0.001). Duration of hospitalization and mortality were similar in both the groups.

DISCUSSION:
Short duration of antibiotics is noninferior to conventional duration in patients with moderate-to-severe cholangitis in terms of clinical cure, recurrence of cholangitis, and overall mortality.
Asociación entre parámetros hemáticos y el desarrollo de nefropatía inducida por contraste en pacientes con infarto de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST
Authors: Dönmez Esra , Özcan Sevgi , Şahin İrfan , Okuyan Ertuğrul 
Published: September 2023

Resumen

Objetivos
Los parámetros hemáticos, como el volumen plaquetario medio (VPM), el índice neutrofilo/linfocito (INL), la amplitud de distribución eritrocitaria (ADE), y la amplitud de distribución plaquetaria (ADP), son indicadores ampliamente utilizados en el pronóstico de diversas patologías cardiovasculares. Investigamos el valor predictivo de los parámetros hemáticos en el desarrollo de nefropatía inducida por contraste (NIC), en pacientes con infarto de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST (IAMSEST), sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP).

Métodos
Se incluyó retrospectivamente a todos los pacientes diagnosticados de IAMSEST que se sometieron a una ICP percutánea entre 2017 y 2020 en un hospital terciario.

Resultados
Se incluyó a un total de 387 pacientes. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que la edad avanzada (p=0,001, β:0,005, OR [IC95 %]: 0,002–0,007), la presencia de diabetes mellitus (p=0,013, β:0,205, OR [IC95 %]: 0,150–0,260), insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (p=0,009, β:0,095, OR [IC95 %]: 0,024–0,166), así como el volumen plaquetario medio (p=0,008, β:0,241, OR [IC95 %]: 0,184–0,392), VPM (p=0,02, β:0,047, OR [IC95 %]: 0,028–0,065), e INL (p=0,001, β:0,052, OR [IC95 %]: 0,040–0,063) fueron factores de riesgo independientes de desarrollar NIC. Un valor umbral de 5,5 para INL mostró una sensibilidad del 79,6 % y una especifidad del 79,5 %, mientras que el valor umbral de 9,05 para el VPM mostró una sensibilidad del 64,1 % y una especifidad del 58,7 % a la hora de predecir el desarrollo de NIC.

Conclusiones
los parámetros hematológicos, medidos mediante hemograma rutinario, se postulan como marcadores útiles y prometedores de NIC, cuando se emplean en combinación con otros factores de riesgo habituales. El VPM y el INL predicen el desarrollo de NIC en pacientes con IAMSEST sometidos a ICP.
Technology Adoption under Negative External Effects
Authors: Carbonell-Nicolau Oriol 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper shows that, in the presence of negative production external effects (e.g., waste, pollution), market-driven technology adoption is socially inefficient. Two distinct market structures are considered within the neoclassical framework: perfect competition and monopoly. In both cases, there is a range of cost structures under which firms prefer the adoption of inferior technologies. A number of policy instruments are considered in terms of their welfare enhancing properties.
Performance evaluation of alternate ESR measurement method using BC-780 automated hematology analyzer: a comparison study with the Westergren reference method
Authors: Prompetchara Eakachai , Parnsamut Chalisa , Wangviwat Nathawit , Pitakpolrat Patrawadee , Chaiwong Kwanlada , Limpornpukdee Orakarn , Tanticharoenkarn Surapat , Ketloy Chutitorn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Implementation of alternate erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measurement method is increasing worldwide due to its various advantages. In this study, we aim to evaluate the analytical performance of the BC-780 automated hematology analyzer in measurement of ESR value.

Methods
Analyzer performance including precision study, carryover, sample stability and potential interferences are examined. Samples with ESR values spanning the whole analytical ESR range are included for method comparison study. Samples with different hematocrit (Hct) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values are also analyzed and compared with the results obtained from the Westergren reference method.

Results
Precisions and carryover results are consistent with the manufacturers’ claim. ESR values do not change significantly in the samples stored at 2–8 °C for 24 h (h) or at room temperature (RT) for 8 h, but significantly decreased (p<0.001) when stored at RT for 24 h. Significant increase in ESR value is documented in samples that are hemolyzed (hemoglobin concentration ranged from 1.28–6.01 g/L) (p=0.010) or lipemic (triglyceride above 4.75 mmol/L) (p=0.001). Method comparison study yields a proportional difference with a regression equation=3.08+ 0.98x. Bland–Altman analysis shows a mean absolute bias of 3.12 mm. The obtained absolute mean biases are below 5 mm in all analytical categories except for the group where MCV>100 fL.

Conclusions
Most tested parameters met the manufacturer’s specifications and were comparable to the reference method. Despite the presence of positive bias, it falls within acceptable criteria. Extensive validation against potential interferences such as hemolysis/lipemia is still necessary in future.
Combined deficient response to polysaccharide-based and protein-based vaccines predicts a severe clinical phenotype
Authors: Cockx Maaike , Haerynck Filomeen , Hoste Levi , Schrijvers Rik , Van der Werff ten Bosch Jutte , Dillaerts Doreen , Thomas Debby , Schaballie Heidi , Bucciol Giorgia , Robberechts Wiert , Patel Dina , Berbers Guy , Desombere Isabelle , Geukens Nick , Meyts Isabelle , Bossuyt Xavier 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Antibody response on polysaccharide- and protein-based vaccines is useful to test B cell functionality. As only few studies have explored the value of studying immune response to both vaccines, we evaluated the clinical value of anti-polysaccharide and anti-protein Luminex-based multiplex assays in context of primary immunodeficiency (PID) diagnosis.

Methods
A 10-plex Luminex-based assay detecting antibodies to ten pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPS) serotypes [present in unconjugated Pneumovax, not in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV)] and a 5-plex assay detecting antibodies to five protein antigens (present in DTap/Tdap) were clinically validated in healthy individuals (n=99) and in retrospective (n=399) and prospective (n=108) patient cohorts. Clinical features of individuals with impaired response to PnPS and/or proteins were compared to those with normal response.

Results
Antigen-specific antibody thresholds were determined in healthy individuals. Individuals with impaired anti-PnPS responses and deficient immunoglobulin levels suffered more from autoimmune diseases and had lower B cell levels compared to individuals with impaired anti-PnPS response with normal immunoglobulin levels. Individuals with combined impaired response to PnPS and proteins showed more severe clinical manifestations compared to individuals with isolated impaired response to PnPS or proteins. Eight of the 11 individuals with severely impaired responses to both PnPS and proteins had common variable immunodeficiency. Evaluation of the anti-PnPS response to four serotypes not contained in 20-valent PCV was comparable to evaluation to ten serotypes not contained in 13-valent PCV.

Conclusions
Multiplexed assessment of anti-PnPS and anti-protein responses combined with immunoglobulin quantification provides useful clinical information to support PID diagnosis.
Outer ear reconstruction using 3D technology
Authors: Wersényi György , Gasz Balázs 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Manufacturing replicas for replacing missing or defective body parts also incorporates 3D technology, including scanning, image processing and printing. In the case of the ears, both aesthetics and functionality play a significant role. Based on these techniques, outer ear replicas were produced using 3D scans of human skulls in a rapid prototyping procedure for actual patients. Hand-held scanners delivered accurate images for post-processing of the mesh and for printing in a cost- and time efficient way. Use cases of patients demonstrate applicability, allowing the technology to be available also for the general population in the future.
Sobel edge detection for quantifying the effectiveness of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor relief
Authors: Aharonson Vered , Postema Michiel , Gebbie Robyn , Van Der Merwe Jesse , Schlesinger Ilana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Focused ultrasound on the thalamus is employed to relieve tremor in movement disorders. The treatment efficacy is currently assessed by subjective observation of patient tremor during hand movements. The purpose of this study was to create a simple quantitative method to assess tremor based on traditional pen-and-paper spiral drawing that could be employed during treatment and follow-up visits. Image processing was employed to automatically and rapidly clean scanned spiral and line drawings and to isolate the minimal part of the drawing that could provide sufficient data for tremor detection. Sobel edge detection and easily-interpretable statistics of the distribution of edge-angle orientations in the spirals relative to the spiral centres were used as tremor measures. The method was applied to scanned drawings of 122 tremor patients before treatment and in follow-up visits. Discrimination analysis of the tremor measure between drawings in the session before treatment and the follow-up sessions was carried out. The processing yielded correctly cropped and clean spirals. The tremor measure demonstrated consistent tremor reduction in the treated hand drawings in all five follow-up visits during the first year following treatment date in 76 patients from the study cohort. In this study we developed a computational method that rapidly computed tremor severity estimate in an explainable and clinically useful manner from a traditional pen-and-paper spiral drawing. This rapid quantitative and objective tremor assessment can easily be implemented during focused ultrasound treatment and replace the subjective assessment currently employed.
Evaluation of MetaHumans as Digital Tutors in Augmented Reality in Medical Training
Authors: Pour Mahtab Ebrahimi , Gießer Christian , Schmitt Johannes , Brück Rainer 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The digitizing of medical education has been winning more support in recent years. One of the options is the implementation of Augmented Reality to complement or replace conventional methods in medical training and to create a more efficient learning environment for medical students and prospective staff in healthcare. In this work a Digital Tutor in Augmented Reality in medical training is evaluated with the aim of finding out whether it offers an additional value compared to conventional learning and teaching methods. Therefore, an application for medical training was arranged and a user survey with (n = 24) students from the Faculty of Life Sciences at the University of ANONYMIZED was carried out. The utilized application had two versions. One version included the Digital Tutor, who verbally delivered the instructions, and the other version included a text box with written instructions. The students evaluated these two applications through a questionnaire. Further, to validate this work an expert interview was conducted with a person in charge of designing concepts for the digitizing of education for the Faculty of Life Sciences at the University of ANONYMIZED. Through the survey and interview it was concluded that the Digital Tutor has an additional value compared to the text box. In the future the interactivity of the Digital Tutor with the students should be improved and a larger study should be done to further validate this outcome.
Innovative Hybrid Halbach Array for Steering Magnetic Nanoparticles Through a Bifurcation
Authors: Thalmayer Angelika S. , Fischer Georg 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are used in a wide range of medical applications. However, the accurate steering of the particles through the vascular system is still an open research question. Thus, this paper introduces a novel hybrid magnetic array for steering magnetic nanoparticles through a bifurcation. The array consists of permanent plus electromagnets and is based on a Halbach structure. It combines the advantages of the strong magnetic field of low-cost permanent magnets with the adjustability of electromagnets. The array is investigated numerically in a 3D model using COMSOL Multiphysics. In the simulations, the propagation of the particles in a symmetrical bifurcation is analyzed for discrete coil currents in the range of −10A to 10 A. The results reveal that for low negative currents of −1A to −0.5 A, the influence of the magnetic field of the permanent magnets can be almost completely eliminated, and only 0.5% and 0.9 %, respectively, of the particles were trapped by the magnets. Thus, the hybrid array outperforms the reference of a Halbach array fully built of permanent magnets. Overall, the proposed hybrid array is much more flexible, and the magnetic force can be adjusted more precisely compared to an array of permanent magnets.
Laparoscopic surgery augmentation through vibro-acoustic sensing of instrument-tissue interactions
Authors: Esmaeili Nazila , Fischerauer Sophie , Sühn Thomas , Boese Axel , Bußhoff Jana , Datta Rabi , Illanes Alfredo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the use of vibro-acoustic sensing to augment laparoscopic surgery procedures by analyzing the signals produced during cutting and palpation tasks on various tissue samples. Vibro-acoustic signals were acquired during an experiment on a dedicated phantom covered in dense foam, where three trocars were inserted into the phantom to place the endoscopic camera and two laparoscopic instruments. The results of the signals analysis demonstrate the potential of this approach for making laparoscopic interactions audible, differentiating between tissue types, and detecting variations in tissue properties. Vibro-acoustic sensing could be a valuable tool for integrating sound into the current clinical workflow for enhancing endoscope video images.
Generation of 3D models of victims within their surroundings at rescue sites
Authors: Kriebisch Susann , Bruder Ralf , Ernst Floris 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The use of state-of-the-art technology in emergencies enables fast assessment of the situation. Modern rescue robots, but also rescuers with camera systems, record vast amounts of image data. In addition to the benefits for rescue operations, a quick overview based on this data can help medical staff in the search for suitable treatment strategies. However, such data must be examined and fused into an intuitive display. In this work, exemplary image streams of RGB-D cameras are searched for victims and transferred into separate 3D models per detected person for subsequent intuitive viewing, rotating, and zooming. The method was tested and preliminary evaluated for its functionality, detail accuracy and readability of textures at the German Rescue Robotics Center.
Pepsin concentration in oral lavage fluid of rabbit reflux model constructed by dilating the lower esophageal sphincter
Authors: Sun Zhezhe , Wu Wei , Wang Gang , Li Lianyong , Wang Lei , Liu Hongdan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the changes in pH and pepsin concentrations in oral lavage fluid of rabbit reflux model. A total of 18 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. The lower esophageal sphincters (LESs) of the rabbits in the experimental group (EG) were dilated by balloon after the LESs were localized by manometry. The pH levels of the throat and the lower esophagus were monitored 1 week before and 2 weeks after inflation. Oral lavage fluid was collected 1 week before, and 2 and 8 weeks after inflation. The pH monitoring showed that the percentage of reflux time, the number of reflux events, and the longest time of reflux after the dilation (AE) in the EG were significantly higher than before the dilation (P < 0.01). The pepsin concentrations at 2 and 8 weeks AE in the EG were significantly higher than that before and that in the control group (P < 0.05). Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the best diagnostic threshold value was 30.3 ng/ml. The reflux model constructed by balloon inflation of the LES in rabbits is characterized by a decrease in throat pH and an increase in salivary pepsin concentration.