bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of atmospheric species and dynamics in the bloated hot Jupiter WASP-172 b with ESPRESSO
Authors: Seidel J. V. , Prinoth B. , Knudstrup E. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Zanazzi J. J. , Albrecht S. 
Published: September 2023

Context. The population of strongly irradiated Jupiter-sized planets has no equivalent in the Solar System. It is characterised by strongly bloated atmospheres and large atmospheric scale heights. Recent space-based observations of SO2 photochemistry have demonstrated the knowledge that can be gained about Earth’s uniqueness from detailed atmospheric studies of these unusual planets.
Aims. Here we explore the atmosphere of WASP-172 b, a planet similar in terms of temperature and bloating to the recently studied HD 149026 b. We characterise the atmospheric composition and subsequently the atmospheric dynamics of this prime target.
Methods. We observed a particular transit of WASP-172 b in front of its host star with ESO’s ESPRESSO spectrograph and analysed the spectra obtained before, during, and after transit.
Results. We detect the absorption of starlight by WASP-172 b’s atmosphere by sodium (5.6σ) and hydrogen (19.5σ) and obtained a tentative detection of iron (4.1σ). We detect strong – yet varying – blueshifts, relative to the planetary rest frame, of all of these absorption features. This allows for a preliminary study of the atmospheric dynamics of WASP-172 b.
Conclusions. With only one transit, we were able to detect a wide variety of species that clearly track different atmospheric layers with possible jets. WASP-172 b is a prime follow-up target for a more in-depth characterisation with both ground- and space-based observatories. If the detection of Fe is confirmed, this may suggest that radius inflation is an important determinant for the detectability of Fe in hot Jupiters, as several non-detections of Fe have been published for planets that are hotter but less inflated than WASP-172 b.
Management des Peutz-Jeghers-Syndroms
Authors: Möslein Gabriela 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie wissenschaftliche Evidenz, um das klinische Management des Peutz-Jeghers-Syndroms (PJS) fundiert zu untermauern, ist gering. Hier fassen wir die europäischen Leitlinien zusammen, die
von der EHTG (European Hereditary Tumor Group) 2021 publiziert wurden, ergänzt mit seit der Publikation hinzugekommenen, für die klinische Betreuung bedeutsamen neuen Aspekten. Die EHTG hat
mit der neuen publizierten Leitlinie 1 die vorangegangene Fassung von 2010 überarbeitet und maßgeblich ergänzt. Hierzu wurde die gesamte vorhandene Literatur systematisch auf Evidenz geprüft und anschließend
die Stärke der Empfehlung mit der GRADE-Methode (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) festgelegt. Anschließend erfolgte ein Delphi-Prozess, wobei ein Konsensus
dann erreicht wurde, wenn ≥ 80% der stimmberechtigten Mitglieder ein übereinstimmendes Ergebnis erzielten.Die einzigen weiteren Leitlinien neueren Datums, die das PJS-Management thematisieren, beschränkten sich ausschließlich auf die gastrointestinalen und pankreatischen Manifestationen. Diese
Empfehlungen wurden seitens der Leitlinienkommission überprüft und mangels neuerer, relevanter Literatur unverändert übernommen. Zusätzliche, bisher nicht berücksichtigte klinische Aspekte
wurden definiert und hinzugenommen und in eine weitere systematische Literatursuche einbezogen. Somit wurden ergänzende und teilweise erstmalig thematisierte Empfehlungen für seltenere
assoziierte Manifestationen ergänzt. Es muss festgestellt werden, dass 10 Jahre nach der Vorgängerversion dieser Leitlinien nur wenig neue Evidenz in der Literatur generiert wurde. Wie bei
allen seltenen Erkrankungen wird appelliert, nationale und internationale Kooperationsstudien zu planen, um die Fallzahlen zu erhöhen und offene klinische Fragestellungen mit Evidenzen zu
belegen, die dann zu einer besseren Patientenversorgung führen. Innerhalb der skizzierten Restriktionen stellen diese europäischen Leitlinien die aktuellste Referenz für die Betreuung von
Patienten mit PJS dar.
Safe Design of the Versatile Transverse Back Flap
Authors: Prasanna Mita 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAccurate designing of a local flap is specially important in case of pressure ulcers, in order to avoid unnecessary encroachment on the donor areas for futre flaps. The size, shape and exact location of sacral ulcer in relation to midline varies but the transverse back flap despite its constant shape and pedicle can be accurately designed to suit all ulcers. Based on our experience a method for exact geometric design of the transverse back flap is being described.
Restitution of looted artefacts: a politico-economic issue
Authors: Aguigah Elias 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Current debates around restitution of looted art from Africa mostly ignore politico-economic aspects of neocolonialism, reflecting the trend in academia as well as the wider public to separate cultural from economic issues. This article first aims to show the importance of the plunder and looting of material belongings in the establishment of European colonial rule over the African continent. Building on this, the author then highlights the role that restitutions play in current international neocolonial relations and in the political economy of ethnological museums. The paper calls for a broader analysis of the political economy of postcolonial restitution to realise its anticolonial potential.
On the ball on a string demonstration of angular momentum conservation
Authors: Sacchetti Andrea 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The ‘ball on a string’ demonstration is a common tool used in physics education to illustrate the concept of conservation of angular momentum. However, various confounding factors can cause significant deviations from the idealized case, particularly under extreme conditions or when using low-stiffness pivots or high coefficients of friction. These factors include air resistance, contact friction at the pivot point, the mass of the ball and string, the angle of the string due to gravity, and the wobbling of the pivot point due to the centrifugal forces acting on it. In this work, we critically review by means of accurate simulations the adequateness of the ‘ball on a string’ demonstration in view of these confounding factors and provide recommendations for instructors on how to maximize the educational value of the demonstration while minimizing potential confusion for students. Our analysis suggests that a stiff pivot and avoiding extreme conditions are key to obtaining results that are in good agreement with the idealized case. We also caution instructors against using the demonstration without at least mentioning the confounding factors, as this may lead to a questionable understanding of the underlying physics principles.
Room-temperature organic magnetoresistance based on interfacial ground charge transfer state
Authors: Qu Fenlan , Qiao Xianfeng , He Chenao , Zhou Linping , Lin Chengwei , Ma Dongge 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We propose an organic magnetoresistance (OMR) based on the weak interfacial ground charge transfer (IGCT) state at m-MTDATA/Alq3 heterojunction. The maximum OMR reaches 13.2% at room temperature under an external magnetic field of 300 mT, which is well interpreted by the different roles of singlet and triplet IGCT states in hole transport. As demonstrated, the hole transport is blocked by singlet IGCT and passed through by triplet IGCT. By manipulating the Larmor frequencies

Δ
ω
=
Δ
g

μ

B

B

/

ℏ

of mixing singlet and triplet IGCT states through Δg mechanism under an external magnetic field, the hole current is modulated, thus generating OMR. Furthermore, OMR can be further enhanced to 15.4% at 300 mT and 27.9% at 1000 mT by inserting a thin BCP interlayer between m-MTDATA and Alq3 layers. This picture will help to implement a giant OMR with interfacial CT states in the future.
Thermal conductivity of van der Waals heterostructure of 2D GeS and SnS based on machine learning interatomic potential
Authors: Li Wentao , Yang Chenxiu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
van der Waals heterostructures have provided an unprecedented platform to tune many physical properties for two-dimensional materials. In this work, thermal transport properties of van der Waals heterostructures formed by vertical stacking of monolayers GeS and SnS have been investigated systematically based on machine learning interatomic potential. The effect of van der Waals interface on the lattice thermal transport of 2D SnS and GeS can be well clarified by introducing various stacking configurations. Our results indicate that the van der Waals interface can strongly suppress the thermal transport capacity for the considered heterostructures, and either the average thermal conductivity per layer or the 2D thermal sheet conductance for the considered heterostructures is lower than that of corresponding monolayers. The suppressed thermal conductivity with tunable in-plane anisotropy in SnS/GeS heterostructures can be ascribed to the enhanced interface anharmonic scattering, and thus exhibits obvious interface-dependent characteristics. Therefore, this work highlights that the van der Waals interface can be employed to effectively modulate thermal transport for the 2D puckered group-IV monochalcogenides, and the suppressed lattice thermal conductivity together with interface-dependent phonon transport properties in the SnS/GeS heterostructure imply the great potential for corresponding thermoelectrical applications.
ICRP workshop on the review and revision of the system of radiological protection: a focus on research priorities—feedback from the international community
Authors: Rühm Werner , Yu Hyungjoon , Clement Christopher , Ainsbury Elizabeth A , Andresz Sylvain , Bryant Peter , Chapple Claire-Louise , Croüail Pascal , Damilakis John , Ermacora Marcela G , Eurajoki Tapani , Gering Florian , Molyneux-Hodgson Susan , Hupe Oliver , Impens Nathalie , Lassmann Michael , Martins João O , Mazzoni Lorenzo Nicola , Mogg Christopher , Morgan Julie , Perko Tanja , Pinak Miroslav , Santos Joana , Stritt Nicolas , Tanner Rick , Turcanu Catrinel , Vermeersch Fernand 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In September 2022, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) organised a workshop in Estoril, Portugal, on the ‘Review and Revision of the System of Radiological Protection: A Focus on Research Priorities’. The workshop, which was a side event of the European Radiation Protection Week, offered an opportunity to comment on a recent paper published by ICRP on areas of research to support the System of Radiological Protection. Altogether, about 150 individuals participated in the workshop. After the workshop, 16 of the 30 organisations in formal relations with ICRP provided written feedback. All participants and organisations followed ICRP’s view that further research in various areas will offer additional support in improving the System in the short, medium, and long term. In general, it was emphasised that any research should be outcome-focused in that it should improve protection of people or the environment. Many research topics mentioned by the participants were in line with those already identified by ICRP in the paper noted above. In addition, further ideas were expressed such as, for example, that lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic with regards to the non-radiological social, economic and environment impacts, should be analysed for their usefulness to enhance radiological protection, and that current protection strategies and application of current radiological protection principles may need to be adapted to military scenarios like those observed recently during the military conflict in the Ukraine or the detonation of a nuclear weapon. On a broader perspective, it was discussed how radiation research and radiological protection can contribute towards the Sustainable Development Goals announced by the United Nations in 2015. This paper summarises the views expressed during the workshop and the major take home messages identified by ICRP.
On the value and costs of protective actions in a nuclear emergency
Authors: Pearce Keith 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews the current orthodoxy for the prompt application of shelter and evacuation advice in the event of a nuclear emergency in the light of the reassessment of the perceived costs and benefits of these protective actions that followed the Fukushima event. In particular, it discusses the mechanisms and criteria for the withdrawal of protective action advice or their continuation for more than a few hours and their impact on public perception. It suggests that lack of thought given to this area may lead to protective actions being kept in place for longer than necessary leading to more harm than good. It also considers the language used to recommend protective actions and to modify them as the event unfolds. Would over strong language used at the start of the event to encourage compliance contribute to public concerns later? Finally, the report poses some discussion points.
Multi-level federated learning based on cloud-edge-client collaboration and outlier-tolerance for fault diagnosis
Authors: Ma Xue , He Xiao , Wu Xinyu , Wen Chenglin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The existing federated structure protects data privacy with only a certain level of confidentiality, and it is difficult to resist the reconstruction of other clients’ data by malicious participants inside the federated and the illegal manipulation by external attackers or interceptors on the shared information. Besides, the average fusion algorithm used in the cloud center is difficult to eliminate the negative impact of outliers on model updates, and it cannot handle and fuse the time delay or even packet loss that occurs in the information obtained from each local client promptly. Therefore, to make the federated learning (FL) mechanism with stronger privacy protection ability and security, while effectively avoiding the negative impact of outliers on the aggregation of model parameters. We innovatively establish multi-Level FL based on cloud-edge-client collaboration and outlier-tolerance for fault diagnosis. At first, we build a multi-level FL network framework based on the cloud-edge-client collaborative approach for restricted sharing of network parameters level by level without data communication. Then, the edge-side performs Euclidean metrics on the restricted shared model parameters uploaded to the primary edge by each client, and uses them to identify outliers to evaluate and weight them for outlier-tolerance; Then, an outlier-tolerance mechanism is designed based on a centralized Kalman filtering algorithm that is to adjust the modeling error weights adaptively; Lastly, the cloud center performs asynchronous aggregation on the model parameters uploaded asynchronously by the highest-level edge based on a sequential Kalman filtering algorithm and transmitted the optimal model parameters back along the original path. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the collected dataset.
Charge-transfer-driven enhanced room-temperature ferromagnetism in BiFeO3/Ag nanocomposite
Authors: Chatterjee Tania , Mishra Shubhankar , Mukherjee Arnab , Pal Prabir , Satpati Biswarup , Bhattacharya Dipten 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We report observation of more than an order of magnitude jump in saturation magnetization in BiFeO3/Ag nanocomposite at room temperature compared to what is observed in bare BiFeO3 nanoparticles. Using transmission electron microscopy together with energy dispersive x-ray spectra (which maps the element concentration across the BiFeO3/Ag interface) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that both the observed specific self-assembly pattern of BiFeO3 and Ag nanoparticles and the charge transfer between Ag and O are responsible for such an enormous rise in room-temperature magnetization. The BiFeO3/Ag nanocomposites, therefore, could prove to be extremely useful for a variety of applications including biomedical.
Photocatalytic active ZnO1−x
S
x
@CNTs heteronanostructures
Authors: Bjelajac Andjelika , Florea Ileana , Zamfir Mihai , Nenez Sandrine Tusseau , Cojocaru Costel Sorin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Herein, we report on the use of vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) films as support for ZnO/ZnS photocatalytic active nanostructures. The CNTs were synthetized via a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HfCVD), using Fe catalyst on top of Al2O3 buffer layer. Controlled point defects in the CNTs outer walls were created by exposure to a low pressure nonthermal water vapors diffusive plasma and acted as seeds for subsequent pulsed-electrodeposition of Zn nanoparticles. This was to achieve a direct and improved contact between the nanoparticles and CNTs. To obtain ZnO, ZnS and mix phase of ZnO/ZnS spread on CNTs, the oxidation, sulfurization and 2 steps subsequent annealing in oxygen and sulfur rich atmospheres were applied. High resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-rays spectroscopy in scanning mode, provided the chemical mapping of the structures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses proved the hexagonal phase of ZnO and ZnS, obtained after oxidation in H2O and S vapors, respectively. In the case of the samples obtained by the 2 steps subsequent annealing, XRD showed mainly the presence of ZnO and a small amount of ZnS. The benefit of the secondary annealing in S vapor was seen as an absorption enhancement of the ZnO1−x
S
x
@CNTs sample having the absorption edge at 417 nm, whereas the absorption edge of ZnO@CNTs was 408 nm and of ZnS@CNTs 360 nm. For all the samples, compared to the bare ZnO and ZnS, the absorption red shift was observed which is attributed to the CNTs involvement. Therefore, this study showed the double sides benefit to induce the absorption of ZnO of the visible light, one from S doping and second of CNTs involvement. The absorption enhancement had a positive impact on photocatalytic degradation of methyl blue dye, showing that ZnO1−x
Sx@CNTs heteronanostructure was the best photocatalyst among the studied samples.
Continuous time-resolved estimated synthetic 4D-CTs for dose reconstruction of lung tumor treatments at a 0.35 T MR-linac
Authors: Rabe Moritz , Paganelli Chiara , Schmitz Henning , Meschini Giorgia , Riboldi Marco , Hofmaier Jan , Nierer-Kohlhase Lukas , Dinkel Julien , Reiner Michael , Parodi Katia , Belka Claus , Landry Guillaume , Kurz Christopher , Kamp Florian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. To experimentally validate a method to create continuous time-resolved estimated synthetic 4D-computed tomography datasets (tresCTs) based on orthogonal cine MRI data for lung cancer treatments at a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided linear accelerator (MR-linac). Approach. A breathing porcine lung phantom was scanned at a CT scanner and 0.35 T MR-linac. Orthogonal cine MRI series (sagittal/coronal orientation) at 7.3 Hz, intersecting tumor-mimicking gelatin nodules, were deformably registered to mid-exhale 3D-CT and 3D-MRI datasets. The time-resolved deformation vector fields were extrapolated to 3D and applied to a reference synthetic 3D-CT image (sCTref), while accounting for breathing phase-dependent lung density variations, to create 82 s long tresCTs at 3.65 Hz. Ten tresCTs were created for ten tracked nodules with different motion patterns in two lungs. For each dataset, a treatment plan was created on the mid-exhale phase of a measured ground truth (GT) respiratory-correlated 4D-CT dataset with the tracked nodule as gross tumor volume (GTV). Each plan was recalculated on the GT 4D-CT, randomly sampled tresCT, and static sCTref images. Dose distributions for corresponding breathing phases were compared in gamma (2%/2 mm) and dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameter analyses. Main results. The mean gamma pass rate between all tresCT and GT 4D-CT dose distributions was 98.6%. The mean absolute relative deviations of the tresCT with respect to GT DVH parameters were 1.9%, 1.0%, and 1.4% for the GTV D
98%, D
50%, and D
2%, respectively, 1.0% for the remaining nodules D
50%, and 1.5% for the lung V
20Gy. The gamma pass rate for the tresCTs was significantly larger (p < 0.01), and the GTV D
50% deviations with respect to the GT were significantly smaller (p < 0.01) than for the sCTref. Significance. The results suggest that tresCTs could be valuable for time-resolved reconstruction and intrafractional accumulation of the dose to the GTV for lung cancer patients treated at MR-linacs in the future.
Anisotropic Segre [(11)(1,1)] dark energy following a particular equation of state
Authors: Beltracchi Philip 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A generally anisotropic equation of state originally derived in the context of Newman-Janis rotating systems allows for vacuum energy at a specific density. In this paper we examine the possibility of using that equation of state for cosmological dark energy. We treat the case of large scale ordering of the directions of the energy-momentum tensor eigenvectors with a Bianchi cosmological model, and treat the case where the ordering is random on small scales with an effectively isotropic FLRW system. We find particular spacetimes which evolve towards a vacuum energy/ de Sitter like configuration in either case. In the anisotropic Bianchi case, the system can have behavior reminiscent of big bounce cosmologies, in which the matter content approaches vacuum energy at large scale factor and can behave in a variety of ways at small scale factor. For particular conditions in the effectively isotropic case, we can evolve between true and false vacuum configurations, or between radiation like and vacuum energy configurations. We also show how some simpler equations of state behave under the same assumptions to elucidate the methods for analysis.
Recent and future applications of ultrasound-activated piezoelectric nanoparticles for anticancer treatment: mini-review
Authors: Catalano E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Piezoelectric nanomaterials have the ability to control cancer cells from a distance. Chronic stimulation using ultrasound-driven piezoelectric nanoparticles can reduce cancer cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest. This method presents a promising solution to minimize undesirable effects. Numerous in vitro studies with various types of piezoelectric nanomaterials have shown that chronic stimulation interferes with multiple oncogenes, tumor suppressor gene, modifying the balance of cancer cell proliferation and calcium homeostasis, leading to the upregulation of K+ channel gene expression, and resulting in the arrest of the cancer cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, the stimulation affects the organization of mitotic spindles during mitosis and modifies the cytoskeleton capable of disrupting the normal function of cancer cells, leading to their destruction. Evidence of anticancer effects has been demonstrated in cells of osteosarcoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme, showing a potential wide antitumor effect of piezoelectric nanomaterials.