bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor circadian clock influences the long-term survival of heart transplantation by immunoregulation
Authors: Yim Wai Yen , Xiong Tixiusi , Geng Bingchuan , Xu Li , Feng Yu , Chi Jiangyang , Guo Ruikang , Li Chenghao , Chen Yuqi , Shi Jiawei , Wang Yixuan , Dong Nianguo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Circadian clocks play important role in immunoregulation. We aimed to investigate cardiac circadian clock specific pathways and compare cardiac grafts procured at different timing on survival after transplantation to explore novel criteria for donor selection.

Methods and results
In primate heart, phase set enrichment analysis (PSEA) showed rhythmic transcripts were enriched in antigen processing and presentation during activation of circadian rhythm. Digital sorting of immune cell composition and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) in unused donor transcriptomes showed the pathway, positive regulation of circadian rhythm significantly correlates with allograft rejection and antigen presentation pathways as well as with increased compositions of matured dendritic cell, CD4+ T cell, and naive B cell. Single-centre retrospective cohort of 390 adult heart transplants between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020 was used to generate a propensity score matching (PSM) cohort. Survival curve differed significantly showing inferior long-term survival when donor hearts were procured at activation group (12 pm to 12 am) compared to repression group (12 am to 12 pm) (6-year survival: 64.2% vs. 75.8%, P = 0.0065). Activation group was also associated with significantly higher rates of in-hospital death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and usage of mechanical circulatory support after heart transplantation compared to repression group. Furthermore, tendency for post-transplant free of rejection rates was higher in repression group compared to activation group (acute rejection, Gehan–Breslow P = 0.11 and 0.04; chronic rejection, Log rank P = 0.077 and 0.15, in full and PSM cohorts, respectively). Adjusted Cox regression analysis showed that activation group was associated with 2.20 times increased hazard of death (hazard ratio: 2.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–3.95; P = 0.008) compared to repression group.

Conclusions
Circadian immunity may represent donor-related risk factors for cardiac allograft rejection through activating genes related to antigen presentation pathway and immune cells oscillation at specific time of day. Molecular circadian clock should be considered during retrieval of cardiac allografts in order to maximize graft durability.
Immediate and sustained increases in the activity of vagal preganglionic neurons during exercise and after exercise training
Authors: Korsak Alla , Kellett Daniel O , Aziz Qadeer , Anderson Cali , D’Souza Alicia , Tinker Andrew , Ackland Gareth L , Gourine Alexander V 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
The brain controls the heart by dynamic recruitment and withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) and sympathetic activity. Autonomic control is essential for the development of cardiovascular responses during exercise, however, the patterns of changes in the activity of the two autonomic limbs, and their functional interactions in orchestrating physiological responses during exercise, are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in vagal parasympathetic drive in response to exercise and exercise training by directly recording the electrical activity of vagal preganglionic neurons in experimental animals (rats).

Methods and results
Single unit recordings were made using carbon-fibre microelectrodes from the populations of vagal preganglionic neurons of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and the dorsal vagal motor nucleus of the brainstem. It was found that (i) vagal preganglionic neurons of the NA and the dorsal vagal motor nucleus are strongly activated during bouts of acute exercise, and (ii) exercise training markedly increases the resting activity of both populations of vagal preganglionic neurons and augments the excitatory responses of NA neurons during exercise.

Conclusions
These data show that central vagal drive increases during exercise and provide the first direct neurophysiological evidence that exercise training increases vagal tone. The data argue against the notion of exercise-induced central vagal withdrawal during exercise. We propose that robust increases in the activity of vagal preganglionic neurons during bouts of exercise underlie activity-dependent plasticity, leading to higher resting vagal tone that confers multiple health benefits associated with regular exercise.
Deaf and Hearing American Sign Language–English Bilinguals: Typical Bilingual Language Development
Authors: Goodwin Corina , Lillo-Martin Diane 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Some studies have concluded that sign language hinders spoken language development for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children even though sign language exposure could protect DHH children from experiencing language deprivation. Furthermore, this research has rarely considered the bilingualism of children learning a signed and a spoken language. Here we compare spoken English development in 2–6-year-old deaf and hearing American Sign Language–English bilingual children to each other and to monolingual English speakers in a comparison database. Age predicted bilinguals’ language scores on all measures, whereas hearing status was only significant for one measure. Both bilingual groups tended to score below monolinguals. Deaf bilinguals’ scores differed more from monolinguals, potentially because of later age of and less total exposure to English, and/or to hearing through a cochlear implant. Overall, these results are consistent with typical early bilingual language development. Research and practice must treat signing-speaking children as bilinguals and consider the bilingual language development literature.
A reconsideration of the economic decline of the British aristocracy 1858–2018
Authors: Bond Matthew , Morton Julien 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Historical accounts of the British aristocracy argue its economic decline was owed to anachronistic characteristics, declining land values, and inheritance taxes. We find disconfirming evidence based on the hereditary peerage's probates 1858 to 2018, showing: decline only began after World War I; no links between aristocratic wealth and farmland prices; and a greater role for tax avoidance with respect to inheritance taxes. Aristocrats also followed the rich with their share of wealth dwindling over the 20th century. Together, these arguments suggest the British aristocracy detached economic interests from status characteristics enabling them to persist more effectively than previously thought.
Unraveling the contributions of atmospheric rivers on Antarctica crustal deformation and its spatiotemporal distribution during the past decade
Authors: Li Jingming , Li Wenhao , Shum C K , Li Fei , Zhang Shengkai , Lei Jintao 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARY
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are efficient mechanisms for transporting atmospheric moisture from low latitudes to the Antarctic continent. AR events induce intense snowfall episodes, which increase crustal deformation. Here, we used an AR detection algorithm, via a spatial matrix operation to quantify the contribution of AR-induced snowfall in the Antarctic continent, 2010–2019. Our results reveal that the AR snowfall contribution to Antarctica primarily ranged from 9.28 to 29.73 per cent from 2010 to 2019, and there was an evident increasing trend from 2015 to 2019 (20.66 per cent in 2015 to 29.30 per cent in 2019). AR-induced snowfall is one of the factors influencing the surface deformation of the Antarctic continent, based on the hourly AR snowfall deformation calculations for the Antarctic continent, both the average and maximum crustal deformation or displacement tends to be greatest near the coastline, while the displacement is less affected by AR further inland.
Hubris balancing: classical realism, self-deception and Putin's war against Ukraine
Authors: Ito Ryuta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Why did Putin decide to invade Ukraine in 2022? Structural realists regard it as a preventive war with a strategic rationale in response to NATO's eastward expansion. However, as many scholars suggest, Putin's decision-making is riddled with various irrationalities, which can be better framed as overbalancing and the classical realist concept of ‘hubris’. Lawrence Freedman and others argue that a key to explaining Putin's overbalancing is applying the concept of self-deception in evolutionary psychology, which can be the scientific foundation of hubris in classical realism. Thus, Freedman's argument of Putin's self-deception and others' general theses of self-deception as a cause of overconfidence led to the introduction of self-deception into classical realism to solve the puzzle of overbalancing in international affairs. Thereby, the novel balancing concept of ‘hubris balancing’ was developed: irrationally aggressive balancing that exceeds what is achievable in practice. There are three causal pathways (cognitive, emotional and social) to hubris balancing as ideal types: overconfidence, anger and nationalism. As a plausibility probe, hubris balancing is illustrated by analysing Putin's decision to wage war against Ukraine. The result shows that, as the logic of hubris balancing suggests, driven by overconfidence and anger towards western liberalism, Putin decided to invade Ukraine by driving exclusive nationalism.
Intralobular pulmonary sequestration of the right upper lobe supplied by ascending aorta
Authors: Wang Xiao-Xia , Zhang Hong-Sheng , Sui Yun-Xia , Liu Jie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital lung malformation that is more common in the left lower lobe. In 95% of cases, the artery supplying the sequestration usually originates from the thoracic and abdominal aorta. We report a rare intralobular PS case for a feeding artery from the ascending aorta. Angio-computed tomography should be performed for diagnosis once PS is suspected.
Uniform stabilization of a Schrödinger equation with partial Dirichlet delayed control
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Li Yanfang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the uniform stabilization of a multi-dimensional Schrödinger equation with partial Dirichlet delayed control is concerned. The control input is suffered from time delay. Herein a new feedback controller is adopted in the investigation. Firstly, we rewrite the delayed system under consideration into a cascaded system of a transport equation and a Schrödinger equation, and construct an exponentially stable target system. Then by defining a bounded invertible linear transformation and choosing some appropriate kernel functions, we establish the equivalence between the closed-loop system and the target system. Finally, the exponential stability of the closed-loop system is obtained.
The effects of BPA-BNCT on normal bone: determination of the CBE value in mice
Authors: Iwasaki Ryota , Yoshikawa Ryutaro , Umeno Ryo , Seki Azusa , Matsukawa Takehisa , Takeno Satoshi , Yokoyama Kazuhito , Mori Takashi , Suzuki Minoru , Ono Koji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) with p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is expected to have less effect on the decrease in normal bone strength than X-ray therapy. However, the compound biological effectiveness (CBE) value necessary to convert the boron neutron capture reaction (BNCR) dose into a bioequivalent X-ray dose has not been determined yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of BNCT on normal bone in mice and to elucidate the CBE factor. We first searched the distribution of BPA in the normal bone of C3H/He mice and then measured the changes in bone strength after irradiation. The CBE value was determined when the decrease in bone strength was set as an index of the BNCT effect. The 10B concentrations in the tibia after subcutaneous injection of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg BPA were measured by prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-atomic emission spectrometry. The 10B mapping in the tibia was examined by alpha-track autoradiography and laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry. The 10B concentration increased dose-dependently; moreover, the concentrations were maintained until 120 min after BPA administration. The administered 10B in the tibia was abundantly accumulated in the growth cartilage, trabecular bone and bone marrow. The bone strength was analyzed by a three-point bending test 12 weeks after irradiation. The bending strength of the tibia decreased dose-dependently after the irradiation of X-ray, neutron and BNCR. The CBE factor was obtained as 2.27 by comparing these dose-effect curves; the value determined in this study will enable an accurate dosimetry of normal bone.
Hybrid staged approach to subclavian artery aneurysm repair with aberrant dominant left vertebral artery
Authors: Clausen David J , Kanitra John , Bendix Scott 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Intrathoracic subclavian aneurysms are a rare entity, accounting for only a small percentage of all repaired aneurysms. These are repaired to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications of rupture, thrombosis and distal embolization. Most of these are amenable to thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR), which has resulted in an associated reduction in operative mortality. When there is a proximal involvement of the artery, revascularization is recommended prior to TEVAR. Herein, we present the case of a proximal subclavian aneurysm with an aberrant left vertebral artery that originated off the aortic arch. This was repaired using a two staged approach; carotid-subclavian bypass with vertebral artery-transposition followed by TEVAR.
An inguinal hernia ‘hard to stomach’
Authors: Liechty Shawn , Eiref Andrew D , Vengatesan Keerthivasan , Barasch Samuel P , Dong Xiang D , Zimmerman Patrick W , Nicoara Michael , Patel Krishan , Walden Heath , Eiref Simon D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Inguinal hernias containing the stomach are extremely rare, and have never been described in females. We are reporting the case of a 79 year old female who presented in septic shock with a left inguinal hernia containing the stomach, resulting in gastric perforation and loss of abdominal domain. She underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy with manual reduction of the hernia, wedge resection of the perforated gastric segment, abdominal washout, and closure of the abdominal fascia using biological mesh. She had a complicated but successful postoperative course, and was discharged to a rehabilitation center three weeks after hospital admission.
The dire consequences of multiple failed hypospadias repairs: a case report of a cavernosal reconstruction with mesh and malleable prosthesis
Authors: Tozzi Marco , Gobbo Andrea , Yebes Alvaro , Spiridonescu Bogdan , Djinovic Rados 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The management of hypospadias during the neonatal period should be carried out exclusively in specialized medical centers because of the potential dire complications that may arise. In this report, we present a case of a 22-year-old male who underwent thirteen unsuccessful surgical procedures for his penoscrotal hypospadias in various hospitals. The purpose of this case report is to describe the surgical correction of severe corporal fibrosis and penile curvature that ensued from the multiple failed hypospadias corrections. We implanted an extra cavernosal malleable penile prosthesis and reconstructed the tunica albuginea defect with surgical meshes used in hernia repairs.
On identity, indiscernibility and (non-)individuality in the quantum domain
Authors: Krause Décio 
Published: July 2023

The topics of identity, individuality and indiscernibility had already entered the domain of the philosophy of physics, mainly in what respects the philosophy of quantum theories. In this paper, I present the main ideas of an underlying metaphysics that considers the basic entities of quantum physics as non-individuals, that is, as entities to which the standard theory of identity of classical logic and standard mathematics (set theory) does not apply. Two things must be emphasized: the first is that we pursue Erwin Schrödinger’s ideas that the notion of identity (orsameness) does not apply to quantum things; the second is to follow Heinz Post’s claim that the non-individuality of quantum entities ‘must be introduced right at the start’ and not by takingindividualsand making them pretend to be non-individuals ‘by hand’, say by confining them to non-rigid structures. Thus, this paper should be regarded as an attempt to justify the metaphysics of non-individuals and the logical systems that cope with them, although these systems are here only referred to. We also answer some criticisms that have been directed to such a view. The paper is directed to an audience of both physicists interested in foundations and philosophers of physics.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics’.
A no-individuals account of quantum mechanics
Authors: Arenhart Jonas Rafael Becker 
Published: July 2023

One of the most famous metaphysical problems in the philosophy of quantum mechanics concerns the individuality status of quantum entities: are they individuals, or non-individuals? The typical approach to the problem consists in defending one of the options by appealing directly to features of quantum mechanics with the addition, eventually, of theoretical virtues the favoured proposal may have. In this paper, we argue that this strategy is inappropriate, because the problem of individuality is ill formulated in the case of quantum mechanics. In a nutshell, our point is that considerations exclusively from quantum mechanics are too general and generic to grant the level of particularity required for providing for a principle of individuality. Problems of individuality appear only at the level of particular applications of the theory in specific contexts, and in these cases, we shall argue, search for a metaphysical notion of individuality may be substituted by an epistemic notion of individuation. The approach also has the benefits of dissolving the problems created by metaphysical underdetermination on this front.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics'.
Ontological indistinguishability as a central tenet of quantum theory
Authors: de Barros J. A. , Holik F. 
Published: July 2023

Quantum indistinguishability directly relates to the philosophical debate on the notions of identity and individuality. They are crucial for our understanding of multipartite quantum systems. Furthermore, the correct interpretation of this feature of quantum theory has implications that transcend fundamental science and philosophy, given that quantum indistinguishability is a resource in quantum information theory. Most of the conceptual analysis of quantum indistinguishability is restricted to studying the permutational invariance of quantum states, the concomitant quantum statistics and their entanglement. Here, we analyse the role of indistinguishability and non-individuality in other areas of quantum theory. We start by analysing how a very peculiar use of indistinguishability underlies Feynman’s rules for summing amplitudes in interference phenomena. Next, we study how quantum indistinguishability is underestimated in several topics of debate in the quantum physics literature, such as the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen argument, Bell’s inequalities and the Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem. Finally, we argue that an ontology of truly indistinguishable entities can serve as a basis for a quantum ontology that can give interesting answers to the interpretational problems of quantum mechanics. We claim that, in addition to superposition, contextuality and entanglement, indistinguishability (understood in a robust ontological sense) is one of the central features of quantum physics.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics’.
Generating indistinguishability within identical particle systems: spatial deformations as quantum resource activators
Authors: Piccolini Matteo , Nosrati Farzam , Adesso Gerardo , Morandotti Roberto , Lo Franco Rosario 
Published: July 2023

Identical quantum subsystems can possess a property which does not have any classical counterpart: indistinguishability. As a long-debated phenomenon, identical particles’ indistinguishability has been shown to be at the heart of various fundamental physical results. When concerned with the spatial degree of freedom, identical constituents can be made indistinguishable by overlapping their spatial wave functions via appropriately definedspatial deformations. By the laws of quantum mechanics, any measurement designed to resolve a quantity which depends on the spatial degree of freedom only and performed on the regions of overlap is not able to assign the measured outcome to one specific particle within the system. The result is an entangled state where the measured property issharedbetween the identical constituents. In this work, we present a coherent formalization of the concept of deformation in a generalN-particle scenario, together with a suitable measure of the degree of indistinguishability. We highlight the basic differences with non-identical particles scenarios and discuss the inherent role of spatial deformations as entanglement activators within thespatially localized operations and classical communicationoperational framework.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics’.
Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics
Authors: Catren Gabriel 
Published: July 2023

In this brief survey, we discuss some of the scientific and philosophical problems and debates that underlie the notions ofidentity,individualityandindistinguishabilityin physics and mathematics. We critically analyse the different positions for or against the existence of indistinguishable objects in different scientific theories, notably quantum mechanics and gauge theories in physics and homotopy type theory in mathematics. We argue that the different forms of indistinguishability that occur in many areas of physics and mathematics—far from being a problem to be eradicated—exhibit a rich formal structure that plays a key role in the corresponding theories that needs to be properly understood.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics’.