bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and case presentation: Giant abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Buksh Md Mahfooz , Nuzhath Samira , Heslop Joshua , Moawad Magdy 
Published: January 2023

Objective An abdominal aortic aneurysm is considered giant when its transverse diameter is greater than 10–13 cm in diameter. A giant abdominal aortic aneurysm is rare but with a significant risk of rupture if it is not diagnosed or left untreated. Method The authors have performed a systematic review of the evidence that has looked into the clinical presentations, and management methods employed and have presented a 14 cm giant abdominal aortic aneurysm patient. Results The systematic review has been based on level-IV evidence due to the rarity of the condition. The final analysis included 61 relevant reported cases. The mean age was 72.4 years, the male to female ratio was 52: 8, and the average size of a giant abdominal aortic aneurysm was 14.7 cm. These were mostly infra renal (72.58%). Rupture of these aneurysms was found in 23 (37.1%) patients, and was treated by laparotomy in 51 (82.25%) cases. There were 11 (17.74%) mortalities. Conclusion The size of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is known to be the biggest factor in the rupture of an aneurysm. The reason abdominal aortic aneurysms can reach such size without rupturing is unclear but needs further exploring. Early diagnosis with effective screening programmes is essential to diagnose in a timely manner to avoid life-threatening consequences.
An evaluation of systematic and random errors in ultrasound estimated fetal weight during serial ultrasound
Authors: Dudley Nicholas John , Jindal Sucheta , Varley Helen 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Ultrasound estimated fetal weight is increasingly being used in the monitoring of fetal growth. Large systematic and random errors in estimated fetal weight have been reported; these may have an impact on the accuracy of fetal growth monitoring. The aim of this study was to attempt to evaluate these systematic and random errors by analysis of serial ultrasound data. Methods: Ultrasound measurements and birthweights were retrospectively collected for 100 unselected patients who had undergone serial ultrasound. Birthweights were used to calculate expected fetal growth trajectories using a method for generating growth charts based on customised birthweights. Estimated fetal weight results were then compared with the expected growth trajectories to evaluate systematic and random differences. Results: Incomplete measurement sets were excluded, reducing the number of scans to less than three for 13 subjects. A further 17 subjects with suspected pathological growth trajectories were excluded. The final analysis included 70 subjects with a total of 246 scans. The mean difference between estimated fetal weight and expected weight over three to six scans ranged from −17.5% to 38.3% with a mean of 8.4%, representing the systematic difference. The standard deviation of these differences ranged from 0.4% to 21% with a mean of 4.3%, representing random difference. Conclusion: Systematic and random differences between estimated fetal weight and expected fetal weight are significant and make interpretation of fetal growth difficult. Further improvements to formulae and growth curves are required and audit of fetal measurements is essential to service improvement.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating intrasellar cavernous hemangioma and pituitary adenoma: A case report—Decipit frons prima multos
Authors: Bertolini Giacomo , Romano Antonio , Fusella Claudio , Froio Elisabetta , Serra Silvia , La Corte Emanuele , Mazzatenta Diego , Ghadirpour Reza 
Published: January 2023

Background Cavernous hemangioma represents a rare vascular malformation usually located in the cavernous sinus that could be exceptionally found purely in the intrasellar region. The clinical presentation of intrasellar cavernous hemangioma (ICH), frequently variable and unspecific, poses the patient at risk for misdiagnosis and the clinical consequences of suboptimal treatment. We present a case of ICH and describe the advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that should direct toward the clinical suspicion of ICH. Case presentation An illustrative case of a 61-year-old man complaining of recurrent headaches and diagnosed with a sellar and parasellar lesion was reported and used as a cue to discuss MRI imaging sequences that may aid in the distinction of ICH from pituitary adenoma and other skull base lesions. Heterogeneous enhancement followed by intense homogeneous enhancement at the dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences (“fill-in” phenomenon), absence of blooming signs at the gradient recalled echo (GRE) T2*-weighted and/or susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI sequences, and elevated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values usually characterize ICH instead of pituitary adenoma. Conclusion Advanced MRI imaging plays an invaluable role in the pre-operative characterization of skull base lesions. Although rare, skull base surgeons should be aware of the ICH in the differential diagnosis process in case of the intrasellar lesion, and a tailored MRI examination should be performed to direct the patient toward the safest and optimal treatment.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with sepsis who had cortisol level measurements or received hydrocortisone during their intensive care unit management: A retrospective single center study
Authors: Rivas Marcella , Motes Arunee , Ismail Amr , Yang Shengping , Sotello David , Arevalo Meily , Vutthikraivit Wasawat , Suchartlikitwong Sakolwan , Carrasco Cynthia , Iwuji Kenneth , Pachariyanon Pavida , Jaroudi Sarah , Thavaraputta Subhanudh , Nugent Kenneth 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The current guidelines for managing patients with sepsis include the early cultures, administration of antibiotics, and fluid resuscitation. Several clinical trials have tried to determine whether or not the administration of corticosteroids improves outcomes in these patients. This study analyzed the characteristics of a large group of critically ill patients who either had cortisol levels drawn during their intensive care unit management or had hydrocortisone administered during their management. Methods: A list of patients who had cortisol levels measured or who had hydrocortisone administered empirically for the treatment of sepsis was identified by the medical record department at University Medical Center in Lubbock, Texas. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included the need for mechanical ventilation, the need for renal replacement therapy, the need for vasopressors, length of stay, and the development of nosocomial infections. Results: This study included 351 patients, including 194 women (55.3%). The mean age was 62.9 ± 16.1 years. The mean admission SOFA score was 9.3 ± 3.63, the mean APACHE 2 score was 18.15 ± 7.7, and the mean lactic acid level was 3.8 ± 4.0 mmol/L. One hundred sixty-two patients required intubation, 262 required vasopressors, 215 developed acute kidney injury, and 319 had cortisol levels measured. The mean length of stay was 11.5 ± 13.7 days; the mortality rate was 32.2%. Multiple variable analysis demonstrated that higher cortisol levels were associated with increased mortality (44.1% if cortisol ⩾20 µg/dL versus 17.5% if cortisol <20 µg/dL). One hundred forty-five patients received corticosteroids, and multivariable analysis demonstrated that these patients had increased mortality (40.0% versus 26.7%). Conclusion: In this study, higher cortisol levels were associated with increased mortality. The administration of hydrocortisone was associated with increased mortality possibly reflecting the use of this medication in patients who had a higher likelihood of poor outcomes.
Relationship Between Preoperative Shoulder Osteoarthritis Severity Score and Postoperative PROMIS-UE Score After Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Davies Michael R. , Kucirek Natalie , Motamedi Daria , Ma C. Benjamin , Feeley Brian T. , Lansdown Drew 
Published: January 2023

Background: Mild to moderate glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis is a common finding among patients who are evaluated for rotator cuff tears. However, the impact of preoperative shoulder joint degeneration on patient-reported outcomes after rotator cuff repair (RCR) is not well-established. Purpose: To apply the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based Shoulder Osteoarthritis Severity (SOAS) score to the evaluation of patients undergoing RCR and determine the relationship between preoperative shoulder pathology present on MRI and postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Upper Extremity (PROMIS-UE) scores. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Seventy-one MRI scans corresponding to 71 patients were analyzed by 2 independent reviewers and scored using the SOAS criteria. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for total SOAS score as well as for each subscore. Spearman correlations were calculated between averaged SOAS scores, patient characteristics, and PROMIS-UE scores. Linear regression analysis was performed between the independent variables of patient age, sex, body mass index, and significant SOAS score components determined by univariate analysis with the dependent variable of PROMIS-UE score. Significance was defined as P < .05 for univariate analyses and < .0125 for multivariate analyses using the Bonferroni correction. Results: The mean PROMIS-UE score of this cohort was 51.5 ± 7.4, while the mean total SOAS score was 21.5 ± 8.4. There was a negative correlation between total SOAS score and postoperative PROMIS-UE score ( r = –0.24; P = .040). Both cartilage wear ( r = –0.33; P = .0045) and acromioclavicular joint degeneration ( r = –0.24; P = .048) individually demonstrated negative correlations with PROMIS-UE score. When a multivariate linear regression with Bonferroni correction was applied to the significant variables identified in univariate analysis along with patient characteristics, none were independently correlated with PROMIS-UE score. Conclusion: In this cohort of patients undergoing RCR, increasing preoperative total SOAS score was predictive of lower postoperative PROMIS-UE scores. SOAS subscores with the strongest negative correlations with PROMIS-UE scores included cartilage wear and acromioclavicular joint degeneration. The cartilage subscore was negatively correlated with PROMIS-UE scores independent of patient factors in multivariate analysis.
Transcriptomics reveals the molecular mechanisms of flesh colour differences in eggplant (Solanum melongena)
Authors: Tao Tao , Hu Wei , Yang Yang , Zou Min , Zhou Shanshan , Tian Shibing , Wang Yongqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Fruit flesh colour is not only an important commodity attribute of eggplant but is also closely related to maturity. However, very little is known about its formation mechanism in eggplant.

Results
Two inbred lines of eggplant, green 'NC7' and white 'BL', were used in this study to explain the differences in flesh colour. Transcriptome sequencing results revealed a total of 3304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NC7 vs. BL. Of the DEGs obtained, 2050 were higher and 1254 were lower in BL. These DEGs were annotated to 126 pathways, where porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis-antenna proteins play vital roles in the colour formation of eggplant flesh. At the same time, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment significance analysis showed that a large number of unigenes involved in the formation of chloroplast structure were lower in BL, which indicated that the formation of chloroplasts in white-fleshed eggplant was blocked. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which found only leucoplasts but no chloroplasts in the flesh cells of white-fleshed eggplant. Several genes encoding ERF and bHLH transcription factors were predicted to participate in the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicated that differences in the gene expression of the chlorophyll metabolic pathway were the main cause of the different flesh colour formations. These findings will increase our understanding of the genetic basis in eggplant flesh colors formation mechanism.
Genome wide association analysis of root hair traits in rice reveals novel genomic regions controlling epidermal cell differentiation
Authors: Hanlon Meredith T. , Vejchasarn Phanchita , Fonta Jenna E. , Schneider Hannah M. , McCouch Susan R. , Brown Kathleen M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Genome wide association (GWA) studies demonstrate linkages between genetic variants and traits of interest. Here, we tested associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rice (Oryza sativa) and two root hair traits, root hair length (RHL) and root hair density (RHD). Root hairs are outgrowths of single cells on the root epidermis that aid in nutrient and water acquisition and have also served as a model system to study cell differentiation and tip growth. Using lines from the Rice Diversity Panel-1, we explored the diversity of root hair length and density across four subpopulations of rice (aus, indica, temperate japonica, and tropical japonica). GWA analysis was completed using the high-density rice array (HDRA) and the rice reference panel (RICE-RP) SNP sets.

Results
We identified 18 genomic regions related to root hair traits, 14 of which related to RHD and four to RHL. No genomic regions were significantly associated with both traits. Two regions overlapped with previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with root hair density in rice. We identified candidate genes in these regions and present those with previously published expression data relevant to root hair development. We re-phenotyped a subset of lines with extreme RHD phenotypes and found that the variation in RHD was due to differences in cell differentiation, not cell size, indicating genes in an associated genomic region may influence root hair cell fate. The candidate genes that we identified showed little overlap with previously characterized genes in rice and Arabidopsis.

Conclusions
Root hair length and density are quantitative traits with complex and independent genetic control in rice. The genomic regions described here could be used as the basis for QTL development and further analysis of the genetic control of root hair length and density. We present a list of candidate genes involved in root hair formation and growth in rice, many of which have not been previously identified as having a relation to root hair growth. Since little is known about root hair growth in grasses, these provide a guide for further research and crop improvement.
Obesity is associated with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Jiang Xiaofeng , Xu Jianbo , Zhen Shuai , Zhu Yanhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of present study was to determine whether obesity was associated with increased adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study from a large international database called the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III). Patients who underwent cardiac surgery and greater than 18 years old were divided into either nonobese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The primary outcome of this study was 28-day mortality from the date of operation. Secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, 1-year mortality, incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), hospital length of stay (HOS_LOS) and ventilation-free days within 28 days (VFD_28).

Results
Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a negative effect of obesity on 28-day mortality, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.57 (95% CI 1.14–2.16; p = 0.005). The association remained significant when PSM analysis and double robust analysis with all covariates were performed. In terms of 28-day mortality, the mediating effect of longer ventilation duration on obese patients was noticeable, and the proportion of the effect mediated was 8.2% (95% CI 2.1–25.5%; p = 0.012).

Conclusions
Among patients with cardiac surgery, obesity is associated with higher 28-day mortality. The longer ventilation duration may have mediated this effect. In future, considering the elevated incidence of the obese patients undergoing cardiac surgery, obesity stat should be included as one of the predictive variables for stratification of perioperative death risk.
Uncovering potential diagnostic biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction based on machine learning and analyzing its relationship with immune cells
Authors: Kang Ling , Zhao Qiang , Jiang Ke , Yu Xiaoyan , Chao Hui , Yin Lijuan , Wang Yueqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to mine biomarkers associated with AMI to aid in clinical diagnosis and management.

Methods
All mRNA and miRNA data were downloaded from public database. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified using the metaMA and limma packages, respectively. Functional analysis of the DEmRNAs was performed. In order to explore the relationship between miRNA and mRNA, we construct miRNA-mRNA negative regulatory network. Potential biomarkers were identified based on machine learning. Subsequently, ROC and immune correlation analysis were performed on the identified key DEmRNA biomarkers.

Results
According to the false discovery rate < 0.05, 92 DEmRNAs and 272 DEmiRNAs were identified. GSEA analysis found that kegg_peroxisome was up-regulated in AMI and kegg_steroid_hormone_biosynthesis was down-regulated in AMI compared to normal controls. 5 key DEmRNA biomarkers were identified based on machine learning, and classification diagnostic models were constructed. The random forests (RF) model has the highest accuracy. This indicates that RF model has high diagnostic value and may contribute to the early diagnosis of AMI. ROC analysis found that the area under curve of 5 key DEmRNA biomarkers were all greater than 0.7. Pearson correlation analysis showed that 5 key DEmRNA biomarkers were correlated with most of the differential infiltrating immune cells.

Conclusion
The identification of new molecular biomarkers provides potential research directions for exploring the molecular mechanism of AMI. Furthermore, it is important to explore new diagnostic genetic biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI.
Cognitive behavioural therapy self-help intervention preferences among informal caregivers of adults with chronic kidney disease: an online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Coumoundouros Chelsea , Farrand Paul , Hamilton Alexander , von Essen Louise , Sanderman Robbert , Woodford Joanne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Informal caregivers (i.e. family and friends) provide essential support to people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many informal caregivers experience mental health problems such as anxiety and depression due to the caregiving role, and commonly have unmet psychological support needs. One potential solution is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help interventions that are less reliant on extensive involvement of healthcare professionals, which may increase access. Within the intervention development phase of the MRC framework, the study’s primary objective was to examine informal caregivers’ self-help intervention preferences (e.g. delivery format, content). Secondary objectives were to describe the informal caregiver’s situation (e.g. type of care activities) and mental health (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress).

Methods
An online cross-sectional survey conducted in the United Kingdom. Informal caregivers of adults living with CKD were recruited via social media, websites, newsletters, magazine articles, a podcast episode, and paid Facebook advertisements. The survey examined: informal caregiver characteristics; care recipient characteristics; self-help intervention preferences; and informal caregiver’s mental health using the DASS-21. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results
Sixty-five informal caregivers participated. The majority (85%) were female, caring for a male (77%) spouse/partner (74%). Responses indicated 58% of informal caregivers were experiencing at least mild depression. In total, 48% indicated they were likely to use a CBT self-help intervention, preferring an intervention provided via internet (e.g. website) (64%), workbook (56%), or individually in-person (54%). Regarding content, interventions should cover a wide range of topics including living with CKD, support services, informal caregiver’s physical health, and diet. Overall, 48% reported a preference for a supported intervention, with support delivered in-person or via email by a trained professional at a community organisation.

Conclusions
Results suggest CBT self-help interventions may be an acceptable way to provide psychological support to informal caregivers, however the study is limited by the small sample size. A wide range of intervention preferences were identified indicating a need to tailor intervention content and delivery to enhance acceptability and engagement. Results will inform development of a CBT self-help intervention for informal caregivers of people with CKD.
Identification of discriminative neuroimaging markers for patients on hemodialysis with insomnia: a fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation-based machine learning analysis
Authors: Wen Ze-ying , Zhang Yue , Feng Meng-han , Wu Yu-chi , Fu Cheng-wei , Deng Kan , Lin Qi-zhan , Liu Bo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background and objective
Insomnia is one of the common problems encountered in the hemodialysis (HD) population, but the mechanisms remain unclear. we aimed to (1) detect the spontaneous brain activity pattern in HD patients with insomnia (HDWI) by using fractional fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) method and (2) further identify brain regions showing altered fALFF as neural markers to discriminate HDWI patients from those on hemodialysis but without insomnia (HDWoI) and healthy controls (HCs).

Method
We compared fALFF differences among HDWI subjects (28), HDWoI subjects (28) and HCs (28), and extracted altered fALFF features for the subsequent discriminative analysis. Then, we constructed a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to identify distinct neuroimaging markers for HDWI.

Results
Compared with HCs, both HDWI and HDWoI patients exhibited significantly decreased fALFF in the bilateral calcarine (CAL), right middle occipital gyrus (MOG), left precentral gyrus (PreCG), bilateral postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and bilateral temporal middle gyrus (TMG), whereas increased fALFF in the bilateral cerebellum and right insula. Conversely, increased fALFF in the bilateral CAL/right MOG and decreased fALFF in the right cerebellum was observed in HDWI patients when compared with HDWoI patients. Moreover, the SVM classification achieved a good performance [accuracy = 82.14%, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.8202], and the consensus brain regions with the highest contributions to classification were located in the right MOG and right cerebellum.

Conclusion
Our result highlights that HDWI patients had abnormal neural activities in the right MOG and right cerebellum, which might be potential neural markers for distinguishing HDWI patients from non-insomniacs, providing further support for the pathological mechanism of HDWI.