bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of High-dose versus Standard-dose of Dexamethasone on
Mortality among the Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kale-Pradhan Pramodini B. , Pacitto Regina , Giuliano Christopher A. , Johnson Leonard B. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Anti-inflammatory agents like dexamethasone (DEX) are a mainstay of treatment for COVID-19. Despite randomized trials demonstrating that a 6 mg daily dose of DEX improved patient outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients receiving oxygen, clinicians often prescribe higher doses of corticosteroids without evidence to support this practice. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of ventilated COVID-19 patients who received standard dose (SD) versus high dose (HD) DEX.

Method:
This was a multi-site, retrospective, observational study on ventilated COVID-19-positive patients who received DEX for at least three days between June 1, 2020, and January 31, 2022. The primary outcome of this study was the association between mortality and SD (<6mg daily) versus HD (>10mg daily) DEX in ventilated COVID-19 patients. Secondary outcomes included average blood glucose (BG), number of BG readings above 200, incidence of bacterial nosocomial infection, ventilator-free days, length of stay (LOS), and ICU LOS.

Results:
Of the 212 included patients, 53 (25%) received SD DEX, and 159 (75%) received HD DEX. There was no significant effect of DEX dose on mortality, number of BG readings >200, incidence of nosocomial infections, LOS, or ventilator-free days (p >0.05). After controlling for confounding factors, no difference in mortality persisted (OR 1.34 95% CI 0.62- 2.90). Average daily BG and ICU LOS were significantly greater in the HD group compared to the SD group (p = 0.003, p = 0.019, respectively).

Conclusion:
There was no association between HD DEX and mortality among ventilated COVID-19 patients compared to SD DEX. Moreover, HD DEX is associated with detrimental effects such as prolonged ICU LOS and higher average daily BG. This study supports the use of SD DEX in ventilated COVID-19 patients.
Quercetin-based Nanoformulation: A Potential Approach for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Shivani  , Singh Gurvirender , Narwal Smita , Chopra Bhawna , Dhingra Ashwani K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:Nanoformulations derived from natural products are gaining popularity as a treatment option for several human diseases, including cancer, as they offer a viable alternative to conventional cancer therapies, which are often associated with numerous side effects and complications. Quercetin (Que), a plant-derived phenolic molecule, has demonstrated potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for different types of cancer. However, Que's low water solubility, instability towards antioxidants, low bioavailability, and severe biotransformation constraints make it challenging to use in vivo. Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising technology for the precise targeting of tumor cells, leading to improved efficacy and specificity in cancer therapies. In this review, the impact of flavonoid nanoformulations on enhancing the safety, therapeutic potential, and bioavailability of Que in cancer treatment is highlighted. A variety of nanoparticle types have been developed, including polymeric micelles, liposomes, PLGA nanoparticles, coencapsulation, chitosan NPs, lipid carriers, silver and gold NPs, inorganic NPs, organic metal frameworks, and biomacromolecule- based NPs, all aimed at improving the antineoplastic efficacy of Que. These nanoparticles offer several advantages, including prolonged circulation time, tumor-specific biodistribution, high encapsulation efficiency, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and controlled release. This review provides fresh insights into the arena of drug discovery for tumor therapies by focusing on the influence of flavonoid nanoformulations on the enhancement of their safety, therapeutic, and bioavailability characteristics.
Differential Kat3 Coactivator Usage Regulates Brain Metabolism and Neuronal
Differentiation
Authors: Poku Erasmus Kofi , Ono Masaya , Higuchi Yusuke , Chea Junie , Melendez Elizabeth , Teo Jia-Ling , Nguyen Cu , Chimge Nyam-Osor , Kahn Michael 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Our previous work has demonstrated significant effects on the oxidative stress response, mitochondrial function, and oxidative phosphorylation in the livers and intestines of p300 S89A knockin (S89AKI) mice. We now show that this mutation is also associated with brain metabolic defects and neuronal differentiation.

Methods:
p300 S89A edited P19 cells, and S89AKI mice demonstrated metabolic and neuronal differentiation defects based on proteomic, cell biological and PET imaging studies.

Results:
The metabolic and differentiation defects associated with the p300 S89A knockin mutation could be corrected both in vitro and in vivo utilizing the small molecule CBP/beta-catenin antagonist ICG-001.

Conclusion:
Rebalancing the equilibrium between CBP/β-catenin versus p300/β-catenin associated transcription, utilizing the small molecule CBP/beta-catenin antagonist ICG-001, enhances mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic function, and neuronal differentiation and may be able to ameliorate the cognitive decline seen in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s Disease.
PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI DAN STATUS NUTRISI KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH (PE) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG BIJI KURMA
Authors: Kuswati Kuswati , Susilorini Tri Eko , Mashudi Mashudi 
Published: August 2023

Kambing merupakan sumber daging dan susu di banyak negara berkembang, karena kemampuannya untuk bertahan hidup dan tumbuh di bawah lingkungan iklim yang keras dibandingkan ruminansia lainnya. Fenomena ini memudahkan beternak kambing tanpa fasilitas yang canggih dan kebutuhan nutrisinya dapat dipenuhi dari berbagai jenis pakan atau padang penggembalaan yang tersedia. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan biji kurma dalam pakan konsentrat terhadap rata-rata pertambahan bobot badan harian dan status gizi kambing Peranakan Etawah. Dua puluh ekor kambing dipilih secara acak dan didistribusikan ke dalam empat perlakuan masing-masing 5 ekor kambing. Kambing diberi pakan hijauan 60% Pennisetum purpureum dan 40% pakan konsentrat yang mengandung 0; 7.5; 15 dan 22,5% tepung bijiÂ kurma. Terdapat pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap rata-rata pertambahan bobot badan harian, pakan konsentrat yang mengandung 22,5% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pakan yang mengandung 7,5 dan 15% tepung biji kurma. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan tepung biji kurma pada pakan konsentrat pada ransum kambing peranakan Etawah tidak menunjukkan efek yang merugikan status gizi, tetapi dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan.
Mediating and Moderating Effects of Internet Use on Urban-Rural Disparities in Health Among Older Adults: Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey in China
Authors: Liu Jing , Peng Junwei , Chen Minyan , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2023

Background
The urban-rural disparities in health outcomes in China are remarkable. The internet has shown the potential to reduce the likelihood of contracting a disease by increasing disease knowledge. However, little is known about the effects of internet use in alleviating health inequities between urban and rural areas.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the mediation and moderation of health disparities between urban and rural older adults through internet use.

Methods
A total of 8223 respondents were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018 data set. Basic activities of daily living, a brief Community Screening Instrument for Dementia, and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used to measure functional disability, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Logistic regressions testing “internet use×urban-rural status” interactions for moderation and Karlson-Holm-Breen decomposition for mediation were performed.

Results
Internet use moderated the urban-rural disparities in cognitive function (odds ratio 7.327, 95% CI 3.011-17.832) and depressive symptoms (odds ratio 1.070, 95% CI 1.037-1.787), but the moderating effects were significant only for those using the internet daily. Karlson-Holm-Breen results showed the suppression effects of using the internet daily (β=.012, 95% CI .002-.021) on the association between urban-rural status and cognitive function. The urban-rural inequality in depressive symptoms was partially attributed to the disparity in internet use (β=−.027, 95% CI −.043 to −.009).

Conclusions
The urban-rural inequalities in mental health are partially attributable to disparities in the prevalence of internet use between the 2 groups. However, using the internet is more beneficial for the psychological health of rural users, thereby alleviating the urban-rural disparities in health. Providing convenient channels for rural older adults to use the internet, improving the ability of rural users to effectively use the internet, and promoting internet popularity in rural areas are effective approaches to reducing urban-rural health inequalities.
Public Health Risks, Dermatological Manifestations, and Environmental Justice Associated With Vinyl Chloride Exposure: Narrative Review
Authors: Goodman Rachel S , Mittal Lavanya , Parker Eva Rawlings 
Published: August 2023

Background
Environmental vinyl chloride (VC) exposure may result in serious acute and chronic dermatological conditions. Because existing literature largely focuses on exposures in occupational settings, a gap persists in our understanding of the medical consequences of large-scale chemical spills.

Objective
This study aims to examine the potential dermatological manifestations of VC exposure in the context of industrial spills and other environmental disasters and to highlight the public health and justice implications of such releases.

Methods
In this narrative review, relevant evidence-based, peer-reviewed scientific sources, gray literature, and media reports were identified via searches of search PubMed and Google using predetermined keyword search terms related to VC, VC spills and releases, train derailment, cutaneous disease, public health, and vulnerable and marginalized populations.

Results
Contact dermatitis and frostbite may arise acutely, highlighting the importance of swift decontamination. Long-term manifestations from chronic VC exposure due to persistence in environmental reservoirs include Raynaud disease, sclerodermatous skin changes, acro-osteolysis, and cutaneous malignancies. The clinical severity of cutaneous manifestations is influenced by individual susceptibility as well as duration, intensity, and route of exposure. Additionally, chemical releases of VC more frequently impact Communities of Color and those of lower socioeconomic status, resulting in greater rates of exposure-related disease.

Conclusions
With environmental release events of hazardous chemicals becoming increasingly common and because the skin has increased contact with environmental toxins relative to other organs, an urgent need exists for a greater understanding of the overall short- and long-term health impacts of large-scale, toxic exposures, underscoring the need for ongoing clinical vigilance. Dermatologists and public health officials should also aim to better understand the ways in which the disproportionate impacts of hazardous chemical exposures on lower-income and minority populations may exacerbate existing health disparities. Herein, we describe the health implications of toxic releases with particular consideration paid to marginalized and vulnerable populations. In addition to legal and regulatory frameworks, we advocate for improved public health measures, to not only mitigate the risk of environmental catastrophes in the future, but also ensure timely and effective responses to them.
Use Patterns of Smartphone Apps and Wearable Devices Supporting Physical Activity and Exercise: Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Oba Takeyuki , Takano Keisuke , Katahira Kentaro , Kimura Kenta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Physical inactivity is a global health issue, and mobile health (mHealth) apps are expected to play an important role in promoting physical activity. Empirical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and efficiency of app-based interventions, and an increasing number of apps with more functions and richer content have been released. Regardless of the success of mHealth apps, there are important evidence gaps in the literature; that is, it is largely unknown who uses what app functions and which functions are associated with physical activity.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the use patterns of apps and wearables supporting physical activity and exercise in a Japanese-speaking community sample.

Methods
We recruited 20,573 web-based panelists who completed questionnaires concerning demographics, regular physical activity levels, and use of apps and wearables supporting physical activity. Participants who indicated that they were using a physical activity app or wearable were presented with a list of app functions (eg, sensor information, goal setting, journaling, and reward), among which they selected any functions they used.

Results
Approximately one-quarter (n=4465) of the sample was identified as app users and showed similar demographic characteristics to samples documented in the literature; that is, compared with app nonusers, app users were younger (odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% CI 0.50-0.65), were more likely to be men (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.90), had higher BMI scores (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03), had higher levels of education (university or above; OR 1.528, 95% CI 1.19-1.99), were more likely to have a child (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28) and job (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17-1.40), and had a higher household income (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21-1.62). Our results revealed unique associations between demographic variables and specific app functions. For example, sensor information, journaling, and GPS were more frequently used by men than women (ORs <0.84). Another important finding is that people used a median of 2 (IQR 1-4) different functions within an app, and the most common pattern was to use sensor information (ie, self-monitoring) and one other function such as goal setting or reminders.

Conclusions
Regardless of the current trend in app development toward multifunctionality, our findings highlight the importance of app simplicity. A set of two functions (more precisely, self-monitoring and one other function) might be the minimum that can be accepted by most users. In addition, the identified individual differences will help developers and stakeholders pave the way for the personalization of app functions.
Achieving Equal Protection for Children in Scotland: A Narrative Account
Authors: Barrett Joanna 
Published: August 2023

In 2019, the Scottish Parliament passed a Bill that repealed the ‘reasonable chastisement’ defence in Scotland. This article provides a narrative account of this momentous reform. It describes the history of Scotland’s law and gives an overview of a civil society campaign, coordinated by children’s organisations, to secure legal reform. It provides reflections on the campaign, setting out key learning points, including the importance of language and framing; the use of evidence; and the strength of broad coalitions. This account is offered to help inform similar campaigns to provide all children with protection from physical harm.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Durrant Joan 
Published: August 2023

One of Britian's colonial legacies is the common law defence available to adults who corporally punish children. Canada inherited this defence, which became codified in 1892 as Section 43 of the Criminal Code. The aim of this Special Issue is to examine Canada's law alongside those of other former members of the British Empire that have abolished their defences - Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
The first three papers in this issue will place Canada's law within its global, historical and colonial contexts. The next three papers tell the stories of how Ireland, Scotland and Wales overcame the same challenges faced in Canada to ultimately provide equal protection for children.
The Influence of Brand Image and Promotion On Product Purchasing Decisions at PT. Gaya Motor Branch Tarok Dipo Bukittinggi City
Authors: Mita Mita , Doni Amsah Hendri 
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of brand image and promotion on product purchasing decisions at PT. Taxi Motorcycle Style. City of Tarok Dipo Bukittinggi. The type of research that the authors conducted was field research using a quantitative approach. The data used in this study were visitor data at PT. Style Motor Cab.Tarok Dipo Bukittinggi City 2017-2021 period (per year). This study used the SPSS (statistical package for social science) 26 program to process the data. The results showed that partially brand image has a value of 0.00 less than 0.05 or (0.00 <0.05) thus it can be concluded that the brand image variable partially influences purchasing decisions, promotion is 0.868 greater than 0 .05 or (0.868 > 0.05) so that it can be concluded that the promotion variable does not affect the decision partially. Simultaneously brand image and promotion have F count > F table or 17.681 > 3.093. Thus it can be concluded that brand image and promotion have a significant effect on purchasing decisions.
Lake and Stream Buffer Zone Widths' Effects on Nutrient Export to Lake Rawapening, Central Java, Indonesia: A Simple Simulation Study
Authors: Nada F. Maftukhakh Hilmya , Nugroho Nunung Puji , Sofwa Nurzawani Binti Md 
Published: August 2023

Lake ecosystems in Indonesia face serious environmental problems. One of those problems is eutrophication caused by excessive plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Water quality degradation and biodiversity loss are the effects of eutrophication. The government of Indonesia (GoI) has issued a regulation on determining lake and stream buffer zones, but it has not been fully implemented in the field. Additionally, the data related to the effects of each buffer zone width is not available. This study aims to begin to fill this gap. It simulates the effect of lake and stream buffer zone widths on nutrient export to Rawapening Lake. The Nutrient Retention sub-model, which is part of InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs) software, has been used for this research to analyse information from several data sources, including a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and measurements of soil depth, annual rainfall, land cover/use, watershed/sub-watershed boundaries, and biophysical conditions. Several studies of eutrophication in Rawapening Lake have measured the magnitude of eutrophication but have not discussed the effects of buffer zone widths. Therefore, this study accommodates the updated data on how much effect of buffer zone widths on the reduction of nutrient export. Five scenarios of buffer zone width are considered: 30 m., 90 m., and 150 m, where the lake buffer zone widths and the stream buffer zone width are 30 m. The results indicated that the maximum nutrient export reduction of lake buffer zones was only 2.63% (for N) and 3.56% (for P). On the other hand, the 30 m stream buffer zone width reduced the nutrient export to Rawapening Lake by up to 43.05% for N and by 44.90% for P. A 30 m combined lake and stream buffer zone width slightly increases the nutrient export reduction effectiveness, i.e., 0.41% and 0.56% for N and P, respectively.
PERAN PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN DALAM MENUNJANG PENDIDIKAN ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Khalifah Siti Nurdiah , Basar Gigin G. Kamil 
Published: August 2023

Fenomena kemiskinan merupakan suatu fenomena yang banyak kita jumpai di setiap daerah, berbagai program atau bantuan pun telah diluncurkan oleh pemerintah demi menanggulangi kemiskinan dan menjadikan seluruh masyarakatnya sejahtera. Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) hadir sebagai bentuk dukungan dari pemerintah terhadap keluarga yang tergolong miskin, dengan harapan dapat berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam menurunkan jumlah penduduk miskin dan menurunkan kesenjangan. Terkhusus bagi anak – anak yang sedang mengenyam pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, bantuan PKH sangat berguna untuk mereka dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikannya. Dengan disertai penelitian – penelitian yang sudah dilakukan, kita dapat menilai seberapa efektif-kah peran PKH dalam membantu anak – anak SD dalam pendidikan mereka.Kata Kunci : Anak, Program Keluarga Harapan, Sekolah Dasar.
DAMPAK PENYULUHAN DALAM PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU TENTANG MAKANAN SEHAT DAN PHBS PADA SISWA SDN KALISALAM II DI PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Quatatita Andissa Listya , Takarini Nurjanti 
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan data awal rendahnya pengetahuan siswa SDN Kalisalam II tentang makanan sehat, dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penyuluhan dalam meningkatkan kesadaran siswa SDN Kalisalam II tentang pentingnya mengonsumsi makanan sehat serta memiliki perilaku hidup yang bersih dan sehat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode action research, di mana peneliti melakukan intervensi dalam kegiatan penyuluhan ke sekolah yaitu SDN Kalisalam II. Pada intervensi tersebut kepada setiap siswa diberikan modul sebagai alat bantu atau bahan belajar secara mandiri dalam waktu 2 minggu. Pada akhir minggu pertama dan ke 2 dilakukan evaluasi untuk mengetahui dampak penyuluhan terhadap perubahan perilaku siswa SDN Kalisalam II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa dari 115 orang siswa yang memperoleh intervensi, sebanyak 80 orang siswa mengalami peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya mengonsumsi makanan sehat perubahan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. This study was conducted based on the initial data of low knowledge of students of SDN Kalisalam II about healthy food, and clean and Healthy Living behavior (PHBS). This study aims to optimize counseling in raising awareness of SDN Kalisalam II students about the importance of eating healthy foods and having a clean and healthy lifestyle. This study was carried out by the method of action research, where researchers intervene in counseling activities to the school that is SDN Kalisalam II. In the intervention, each student was given a module as a tool or learning material independently within 2 weeks. At the end of the first and 2nd week, an evaluation was conducted to determine the impact of counseling on behavioral changes in students of SDN Kalisalam II. The results showed that of the 115 students who received the intervention, as many as 80 students experienced increased awareness of the importance of eating healthy food changes in clean and healthy behavior.