bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERT REVIEW SERIES International business travel: a review of theory and research
Authors: Westman Mina , Chen Shoshi , Eden Dov 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThe goals of this review are to identify key theories, constructs and themes in the international business travel (IBT) literature and to propose a model based on findings, theories and constructs drawn from adjacent research literature.Design/methodology/approachThe authors reviewed the business travel (BT) literature to identify conceptual and empirical articles on IBT published from 1990 to 2022. Only 53 publications were suitable for review. The authors reviewed them using an open coding system.FindingsThe IBT literature is dispersed across several disciplines that use different methods, focus on different aspects of travel and emphasize different positive and negative outcomes that IBT engenders. The publications employed a diverse range of methods, including review and conceptual (11), quantitative (28) and qualitative methods (14). The samples were diverse in country, age, marital status and tenure. Many publications were descriptive and exploratory. The few that based their research on theory focused on two stress theories: Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory and conservation of resources (COR) theory.Research limitations/implicationsExperimental and longitudinal designs are needed to reduce the causal ambiguity of this body of mostly correlational and cross-sectional research. The authors discuss the impact of emerging advances in virtual global communication technology on the future of IBT.Practical implicationsMore research is needed on positive aspects of IBT. Human resource (HR) people should be aware of these issues and are encouraged to decrease the deleterious aspects of the international trips and increase the positive ones.Social implicationsIncreasing well-being of international business travelers is important for the travelers, their families and the organization.Originality/valueThis is the first IBT review focused on the theoretical underpinnings of research in the field. The authors offer a model for IBT and introduce adjustment and performance as important constructs in IBT research. The authors encompass crossover theory to add the reciprocal impact of travelers and spouses and label IBT a “double-edge sword” because it arouses both positive and negative outcomes.
Is constitutional democracy in India in crisis?
Authors: Tummala Krishna K. 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis paper examines the decline of the largest working parliamentary democracy in India overtime, but accelerating since 2014 as the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the Center (as the federal government is commonly known).Design/methodology/approachIt is eclectic. Original constitution, along with commentaries, are studied. News outlets, government pronouncements, journal articles, and other media outlets — electronic and print — are also sourced.FindingsThe findings show how three important features in democracy — elections and their outcomes, control of information, and suppression of dissent are widely used to undermine constitutional democracy.Originality/valueDemocracy can be undermined without altering the Constitution itself. It also explains the irony of Modi’s popularity, given the undemocratic practices. As he may continue in office for some time to come, commanding a log-rolling majority, the need of the hour is a united, constructive and effective opposition to ensure a healthy working democracy.
Differential early‐life survival underlies the adaptive significance of temperature‐dependent sex determination in a long‐lived reptile
Authors: Bock Samantha L. , Loera Yeraldi , Johnson Josiah M. , Smaga Christopher R. , Haskins David L. , Tuberville Tracey D. , Singh Randeep , Rainwater Thomas R. , Wilkinson Philip M. , Parrott Benjamin B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Many ectotherms rely on temperature cues experienced during development to determine offspring sex. The first descriptions of temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) were made over 50 years ago, yet an understanding of its adaptive significance remains elusive, especially in long‐lived taxa.

One novel hypothesis predicts that TSD should be evolutionarily favoured when two criteria are met—(a) incubation temperature influences annual juvenile survival and (b) sexes mature at different ages. Under these conditions, a sex‐dependent effect of incubation temperature on offspring fitness arises through differences in age at sexual maturity, with the sex that matures later benefiting disproportionately from temperatures that promote juvenile survival.

The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) serves as an insightful model in which to test this hypothesis, as males begin reproducing nearly a decade after females. Here, through a combination of artificial incubation experiments and mark‐recapture approaches, we test the specific predictions of the survival‐to‐maturity hypothesis for the adaptive value of TSD by disentangling the effects of incubation temperature and sex on annual survival of alligator hatchlings across two geographically distinct sites.

Hatchlings incubated at male‐promoting temperatures (MPTs) consistently exhibited higher survival compared to those incubated at female‐promoting temperatures. This pattern appears independent of hatchling sex, as females produced from hormone manipulation at MPT exhibit similar survival to their male counterparts.

Additional experiments show that incubation temperature may affect early‐life survival primarily by affecting the efficiency with which maternally transferred energy resources are used during development.

Results from this study provide the first explicit empirical support for the adaptive value of TSD in a crocodilian and point to developmental energetics as a potential unifying mechanism underlying persistent survival consequences of incubation temperature.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Anti‐prolactin treatment alleviates lupus conditions by regulating the JAK2–STAT3 pathway
Authors: Jiang Ying , Chen Huyan , Lin Jinran , Pan Jiewen , Shen Yanyun , Li Qiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe previously revealed the role of prolactin (PRL) in antibody production and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. In this study, we sought to determine whether inhibition of PRL could improve lupus‐like disease in MRL/lpr mice.MethodsThe expression levels of PRL in various cell types of lupus patients were measured by flow cytometry. The effects of anti‐PRL on animal survival, renal histopathology, creatinine, proteinuria, anti‐dsDNA antibody, cytokine production, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy were assessed. The effect of anti‐PRL on the Jak2‐Stat3 signalling pathway was detected by western blotting.ResultsProlactin was upregulated in B cells, neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, and monocytes isolated from patients with lupus. Furthermore, inhibition of PRL by anti‐PRL treatment around the time of onset prolonged the survival of MRL/lpr mice, significantly reduced anti‐dsDNA antibody production, and alleviated symptoms of lupus nephritis, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. In addition, anti‐PRL‐treated mice showed a decrease in the levels of pathogenic cytokines such as IL‐21 and IL‐6. Furthermore, mechanistically, anti‐PRL treatment significantly reduced the levels of p‐Jak2 and p‐Stat3 in MRL/lpr mice.ConclusionsIn summary, these data suggest that PRL inhibition alleviates lupus‐like disease in MRL/lpr mice by modulating the Jak2‐Stat3 signalling cascade. More importantly, our results imply the potential of PRL inhibitors and may provide a novel therapeutic approach for lupus.
Renewable energy, natural resources, technological innovation, and consumption‐based carbon emissions in China: Tracking environmental neutrality
Authors: Samour Ahmed , Jahanger Atif , Ali Mumtaz , Joof Foday , Tursoy Turgut 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough numerous empirical studies have scrutinized the impact of technological innovation, renewable energy, and natural resources on carbon emissions (CCO2), there is a lack of empirical knowledge of consumption‐based CCO2 emissions. This study examines the impacts of technological innovation, renewable energy, and natural resources factors on CCO2 emissions in China. In addition, the present work considers the role of the banking sector in environmental neutrality in China from 1990 to 2019. For this purpose, the sophisticated approach of “bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (BARDL)” is applied to explore the association of the selected indicators on CCO2. The outcomes indicate that (i) economic growth and natural resources negatively impact environmental neutrality; (ii) environment‐related technologies and renewable energy are crucial to promoting environmental neutrality; and (iii) banking sector in China has a positive association with CCO2 emissions. The findings of this work recommend using effective measures to mitigate ecological pollution by using green energy sources and strengthening the banking sector by offering environment‐friendly investment loans. Likewise, strategies should be designed that reinforce sustainable development.
The effects of confessions on misconduct and guilty pleas in exonerations: Implications for discovery policies
Authors: Bettens Talley , Redlich Allison D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryUsing data from the National Registry of Exonerations, we examined how the presence of confession evidence impacts prosecutors’ tendency in order to (1) commit misconduct in any form (e.g., permitting perjury and witness tampering) and (2) specifically withhold exculpatory evidence (i.e., evidence favorable to the defense). We assess these relationships particularly in the context of wrongful convictions by guilty plea from an innocent individual (i.e., false guilty plea [FGP]) or guilty verdict at trial. We show the presence of false confessions increased the likelihood of (1) prosecutors engaging in misconduct generally and (2) prosecutors withholding exculpatory evidence specifically. However, the presence of prosecutorial misconduct and withholding evidence decreased the odds of a wrongful conviction via an FGP compared to wrongful conviction via guilty verdict.Policy ImplicationsPolicies encouraging prosecutorial transparency and accountability are needed in order to better identify misconduct when it occurs, particularly in the context of guilty pleas. Open‐file discovery policies, which aim to provide full transparency, may prevent prosecutors from intentionally or unintentionally withholding evidence when faced with strong evidence like a confession, which could ultimately decrease the potential of wrongful conviction.
Associations between state‐level general population alcohol policies and drinking outcomes among women of reproductive age: Results from 1984 to 2020 National Alcohol Surveys
Authors: Subbaraman Meenakshi S. , Sesline Katrina , Kerr William C. , Roberts Sarah C. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPolicies specific to alcohol use during pregnancy have not been found to reduce risks related to alcohol use during pregnancy. In contrast, general population alcohol policies are protective for the general population. Here, we assessed whether US state‐level general population alcohol policies are related to drinking outcomes among women of reproductive age.MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of 1984–2020 National Alcohol Survey data (N = 13,555 women ≤44 years old). State‐level policy exposures were government control of liquor retail sales, heavy beer at gas stations, heavy beer at grocery stores, liquor at grocery stores, Sunday off‐premise liquor sales, and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) driving limits (no law, 0.10 limit, 0.05–0.08 limit). Outcomes were past 12‐month number of drinks, ≥5 drink days, ≥8 drink days, and any DSM‐IV alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms. Regressions adjusted for individual and state‐level controls, clustering by state, and included fixed effects for survey month and year.ResultsAllowing Sunday off‐premise liquor sales versus not was related to having 1.20 times as many drinks (95% CI: 1.01, 1.42), 1.41 times as many ≥5 drink days (95% CI: 1.08, 1.85), and 1.91 times as many ≥8 drink days (95% CI: 1.28, 2.83). BAC limits of 0.05–0.08 for driving versus no BAC limit was related to 0.51 times fewer drinks (95% CI: 0.27, 0.96), 0.28 times fewer days with ≥5 drinks (95% CI: 0.10, 0.75), and 0.20 times fewer days with ≥8 drinks (95% CI: 0.08, 0.47).ConclusionsUS state‐level policies prohibiting Sunday off‐premise liquor sales and BAC limits of 0.05–0.08 for driving are related to less past 12‐month overall and heavy drinking among women 18–44 years old.
Bat boxes in urban bushland are associated with inflated activity of an urban generalist bat, but not an altered community
Authors: Velasco Sabrina , French Kris , Law Brad , Threlfall Caragh G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBat boxes are often installed as substitute habitats to offset the loss of large, hollow‐bearing trees. However, emerging evidence suggests that they are failing to achieve intended conservation outcomes as they only support generalist species. Despite these concerns, the effect of bat boxes on the dynamics of bat communities remains understudied. We assessed the bat community in reserves where bat boxes had been installed in comparison with reserves where they had not using ultrasonic surveys in 16 small bushland reserves throughout Sydney, Australia. Reserves containing bat boxes and those without had comparable species diversity and composition; however, the activity of the dominant species, Gould's wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii), was significantly higher at sites with bat boxes. Species that commonly forage in open vegetation, including C. gouldii, were significantly positively associated with sites that had bat boxes. Occupation of boxes by bats was not recorded in the study due to limited information on their locations, so further research is required to understand the direct effects of boxes and the bats that occupy them on the bat community. If bat boxes continue to be recommended as a biodiversity offset, a greater understanding of the potential impact they have on altered competitive relationships and community dynamics is essential.
Mindsets of poverty: Implications for redistributive policy support
Authors: Hoyt Crystal L. , Burnette Jeni L. , Billingsley Joseph , Becker Whitney , Babij Alexandra D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBelief systems impact poverty reduction efforts, as they can enhance, or diminish, support for redistributive economic policies. We examined the predictive utility of mindsets about the changeability (growth mindsets) or the stability (fixed mindsets) of the nature of poverty in society. We conducted six studies, two pre‐registered, using both cross‐sectional (N = 763) and experimental methods (N = 1361). Growth mindsets of poverty in society predicted greater support for redistributive policies, in part through decreased blame, although there was also a small but unreliable negative indirect effect through social class essentialism. The three experimental studies, each using a different approach, were successful in manipulating mindsets of poverty. However, only the approach leveraging system justifying beliefs had implications for blame, essentialist beliefs, and indirect consequences for policy support. We discuss potential implications of this work for leveraging multiple belief systems to optimally promote support for policies designed to abolish poverty.
International pharmacy students' perceptions towards artificial intelligence in medicine—A multinational, multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Busch Felix , Hoffmann Lena , Truhn Daniel , Palaian Subish , Alomar Muaed , Shpati Kleva , Makowski Marcus Richard , Bressem Keno Kyrill , Adams Lisa Christine 
Published: September 2023

AimsTo explore international undergraduate pharmacy students' views on integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into pharmacy education and practice.MethodsThis cross‐sectional institutional review board‐approved multinational, multicentre study comprised an anonymous online survey of 14 multiple‐choice items to assess pharmacy students' preferences for AI events in the pharmacy curriculum, the current state of AI education, and students' AI knowledge and attitudes towards using AI in the pharmacy profession, supplemented by 8 demographic queries. Subgroup analyses were performed considering sex, study year, tech‐savviness, and prior AI knowledge and AI events in the curriculum using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Variances were reported for responses in Likert scale format.ResultsThe survey gathered 387 pharmacy student opinions across 16 faculties and 12 countries. Students showed predominantly positive attitudes towards AI in medicine (58%, n = 225) and expressed a strong desire for more AI education (72%, n = 276). However, they reported limited general knowledge of AI (63%, n = 242) and felt inadequately prepared to use AI in their future careers (51%, n = 197). Male students showed more positive attitudes towards increasing efficiency through AI (P = .011), while tech‐savvy and advanced‐year students expressed heightened concerns about potential legal and ethical issues related to AI (P < .001/P = .025, respectively). Students who had AI courses as part of their studies reported better AI knowledge (P < .001) and felt more prepared to apply it professionally (P < .001).ConclusionsOur findings underline the generally positive attitude of international pharmacy students towards AI application in medicine and highlight the necessity for a greater emphasis on AI education within pharmacy curricula.
A Bayesian nonparametric approach for handling item and examinee heterogeneity in assessment data
Authors: Pan Tianyu , Shen Weining , Davis‐Stober Clintin P. , Hu Guanyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel nonparametric Bayesian item response theory model that estimates clusters at the question level, while simultaneously allowing for heterogeneity at the examinee level under each question cluster, characterized by a mixture of binomial distributions. The main contribution of this work is threefold. First, we present our new model and demonstrate that it is identifiable under a set of conditions. Second, we show that our model can correctly identify question‐level clusters asymptotically, and the parameters of interest that measure the proficiency of examinees in solving certain questions can be estimated at a rate (up to a log term). Third, we present a tractable sampling algorithm to obtain valid posterior samples from our proposed model. Compared to the existing methods, our model manages to reveal the multi‐dimensionality of the examinees' proficiency level in handling different types of questions parsimoniously by imposing a nested clustering structure. The proposed model is evaluated via a series of simulations as well as apply it to an English proficiency assessment data set. This data analysis example nicely illustrates how our model can be used by test makers to distinguish different types of students and aid in the design of future tests.
La politique nationale de l'architecture et de l'aménagement du territoire du Québec : Une mise en récit mobilisatrice ?
Authors: Simard Martin 
Published: September 2023

RésuméLa publication de la Politique nationale de l'architecture et de l'aménagement du territoire du Québec (PNAAT) interpelle la géographie à plusieurs égards. Cette politique, qui résulte d'un processus d'élaboration de dix‐huit mois, est mise en récit autour du paradigme de l'aménagement durable, comme le veut la tendance générale aujourd'hui en aménagement et urbanisme. Or, au Québec, plusieurs politiques territoriales adoptées depuis 2000 sont aussi marquées par une telle trame narrative. Conséquemment, il convient de s'interroger sur la nature de la narrativité de la PNAAT : s'agit‐il de la consolidation du référentiel existant ou d'un recadrage ? Par ailleurs, quel potentiel la PNAAT acquiert‐elle ainsi en termes de mobilisation des acteurs ? Ces questions nous mèneront à comparer diverses politiques publiques québécoises, sur les plans de la terminologie, de même que des orientations et objectifs. Nos résultats illustrent le fait que le discours de la PNAAT est en conformité avec les politiques territoriales précédemment proposées. De plus, l'appel à la durabilité et à la lutte au changement climatique présente un pouvoir mobilisateur à travers une mise en récit bien ficelée.
Cytologic atypia of benign inflammatory versus neoplastic cutaneous squamous lesions
Authors: Khamdan Fatema , Dirr McKenzie A. , Sagut Pelin , Brailsford Caroline J. , Williams Jacob A. , Nietert Paul J. , Elston Dirk M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytologic atypia encompasses several features of abnormal cellular morphology. We sought to quantify these features in benign and premalignant/malignant squamous cell lesions to better characterize criteria for malignancy.MethodsWe conducted a rater‐blinded observational study in which histopathology slides were evaluated under light microscopy, and the presence and relative quantity of 24 distinct cytological features were recorded, along with respective diagnoses. Each slide was evaluated, and the ratings were recorded and analyzed.ResultsThe most helpful findings, whose presence in high numbers indicates an increased likelihood that the tissue sample is premalignant/malignant, were: (1) pleomorphic parakeratosis; (2) pleomorphic nuclei in the epithelium; (3) irregular nuclei; (4) thick refractile nuclear envelope; (5) presence of nuclear hyperchromasia (dark gray); (6) peripheral nucleoli; and (7) nucleolar stems. Higher values of round or oval nuclear shape and vesicular nuclei increase the likelihood that the tissue sample is benign.ConclusionsCertain nuclear features have a higher association with premalignancy/malignancy and may guide histologic evaluation of a given lesion. These findings can be used in combination with architectural features and clinical history to add to a complete diagnostic picture.