bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Impacts of ENSO on the Frequency of Summer Extreme Hot Days in the Asian Monsoon Region. Part I: Observation, Historical Simulation, and Future Projection in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Ye Jiaxin , Yuan Chaoxia , Yang Mengzhou , Lu Xinyu , Luo Jing-Jia , Yamagata Toshio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Significant anomalies in frequency of summer extreme hot days (SEHDs) are broadly observed in the Asian monsoon region (AMR) in the post-ENSO summers. The delayed ENSO impacts are mainly conveyed by provoking the Indo-western Pacific Ocean capacitor (IPOC) effect that maintains the anomalous anticyclone in the western North Pacific. The related diabatic heating anomaly can trigger the westward-propagating Rossby wave to the Indian subcontinent, which increases the geopotential heights, reduces the cloud cover, and thus increases the seasonal surface temperature and SEHD frequency in the southern AMR. Besides, the reduced atmospheric moisture in the western North Pacific hinders the northward propagation of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) and modulates the occurrence frequency of individual ISO phases, contributing to the significantly increased/decreased SEHDs in eastern China/Hokkaido, Japan, in the post–El Niño summers. The 25-model-ensemble mean of CMIP6 historical runs can reproduce well the observed SEHD anomalies in the southern AMR in the post-ENSO summers mainly due to the realistic simulation of ENSO impacts on the seasonal surface temperature, although a large intermodel spread exists due to different strengths of IPOC effect in each model owing to model biases in the mean state of the eastern tropical Pacific, the ENSO variance, and teleconnection to the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, future projections under the SSP5-8.5 scenario show that the delayed ENSO impacts on the southern AMR remain stable under global warming via a similar mechanism as in the observations and historical runs.
Comparative Study Between Intravenous Clonidine and Preservative Free Intravenous Lignocaine in Attenuation of Pressor Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Vazhakalayil Subha Teresa Jose , Haroon Shahbaz 
Published: January 2023

Objectives To compare the attenuation of pressor responses by intravenous clonidine and preservative-free lignocaine to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Materials and Methods A randomized, prospective, comparative, double-blinded study was conducted in 80 adult patients who were randomized into two groups of 40 each, group clonidine (Group C) and group lignocaine (Group L). Group C patients were given 2 µg/kg clonidine in 20 ml of normal saline as a slow infusion over 10 min prior to intubation. Group L patients were given 1.5 mg/kg of preservative-free 2% lignocaine in 20 ml of normal saline as a single-dose infusion over 3 min prior to intubation. Baseline vital and hemodynamic parameters were monitored during the perioperative period at 1-, 5-, and 10-min post-intubation. Results The attenuation of heart rate (HR) after intubation was much better with clonidine than lignocaine as there is statistically significant difference in the mean HR between the two groups at 1, 5, and 10 min after intubation with the HR significantly lesser in the Group C than the Group L at all times after intubation. Both clonidine and lignocaine were effective in attenuating systolic blood pressure response after intubation, but clonidine was more effective than lignocaine as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the Group C remained much lower than the Group L and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant at all times after intubation. Conclusion Premedicating with a single slow infusion of 2 µg/kg i.v. clonidine has been proven to be effective in maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability at 1, 5, and 10 min post-intubation than lignocaine.
A single-item measure of self-rated mental health and psychological distress. In what situations can a single-item measure be useful?
Authors: Stubbs Joanne M , Achat Helen M 
Published: January 2023

Objective To examine the association between self-rated mental health (SRMH) and psychological distress (PD) at multiple periods and subsequently assess the potential of SRMH as a screening tool. Method Staff working at a designated COVID-19 hospital in Sydney, Australia during March to May 2020 completed the SRMH and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) within a larger survey examining the pandemic’s impact on health and well-being. SRMH was assessed before the pandemic (baseline), during its first peak in 2020 (time 2) and several months later (time 3). K10 was assessed for time 2 and time 3. All assessments took place at time 3. Results At time 2, 80% of respondents with high PD and 25% with low PD reported poor SRMH (χ2 = 21.3, p < .0001). At time 3, 90% with low PD reported good SRMH. Risk of high PD was greater for respondents with persistently poor SRMH (time 2: OR = 18.2, 95% CI = 7.7–42.8; time 3: OR = 14.4, 95% CI = 6.9–29.9) and, to a lesser extent, for those whose SRMH declined (time 2: OR = 11.6, 95% CI = 6.6–20.4; time 3: OR = 13.8, 95% CI = 2.9–66.9), compared to those with persistently good SRMH. Conclusions During a crisis SRMH can identify the majority of those most likely to benefit from additional assessment and support. Persistently poor SRMH indicates highest risk, detectable from routine screening.
Real-World Efficacy and Safety of PARP Inhibitors in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer Patients With Somatic BRCA and Other Homologous Recombination Gene Mutations
Authors: Pan Yifang Eva , Hood Annette , Ahmad Hiba , Altwerger Gary 
Published: January 2023

Background: Real-world data regarding the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in recurrent ovarian cancer patients with non-BRCA homologous recombination (HR) mutations or somatic BRCA mutations are lacking. Objective: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the response rate, duration of treatment, time to progression (TTP), and toxicities of olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib in somatic BRCAm and non-BRCA HR-mutated patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study using the electronic medical record to identify patients across our health system who were initiated on a PARP inhibitor for ovarian cancer between December 2014 and December 2019. Patients were screened for the presence of a somatic BRCA1/2 mutation or a mutation in non-BRCA HR genes. Data were collected via chart review. Results: For the efficacy analysis, 8 patients had somatic BRCA mutations and 12 patients had HR mutations. The overall response rate (ORR) was 50% for BRCA-mutated (BRCAm) patients and 9.1% for non-BRCA HR-mutated (non-BRCA HRm) patients. 72.7% of patients with non-BRCA HR mutations had stable disease. The duration of therapy ranged from 2 to 66 months. The median TTP was 9.5 months. Overall, 66.7% of patients in the entire cohort started on a reduced dose of PARP inhibitor. Dose reductions due to AEs were observed in 52.4% of patients, while AEs requiring treatment interruption occurred in 61.9%. Conclusion and Relevance: We found that PARP inhibitors provided stable disease in a high proportion of recurrent ovarian cancer patients who had pathogenic HR mutations, with toxicities comparable to major trials. Patients with non-BRCA HR and somatic BRCA mutations could benefit from PARP inhibitors.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1-expressing vagus nerve fibers mediate IL-1β induced hypothermia and reflex anti-inflammatory responses
Authors: Silverman Harold A. , Tynan Aisling , Hepler Tyler D. , Chang Eric H. , Gunasekaran Manojkumar , Li Jian Hua , Huerta Tomás S. , Tsaava Tea , Chang Qing , Addorisio Meghan E. , Chen Adrian C. , Thompson Dane A. , Pavlov Valentin A. , Brines Michael , Tracey Kevin J. , Chavan Sangeeta S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Inflammation, the physiological response to infection and injury, is coordinated by the immune and nervous systems. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and other cytokines produced during inflammatory responses activate sensory neurons (nociceptors) to mediate the onset of pain, sickness behavior, and metabolic responses. Although nociceptors expressing Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) can initiate inflammation, comparatively little is known about the role of TRPA1 nociceptors in the physiological responses to specific cytokines.

Methods
To monitor body temperature in conscious and unrestrained mice, telemetry probes were implanted into peritoneal cavity of mice. Using transgenic and tissue specific knockouts and chemogenetic techniques, we recorded temperature responses to the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Using calcium imaging, whole cell patch clamping and whole nerve recordings, we investigated the role of TRPA1 during IL-1β-mediated neuronal activation. Mouse models of acute endotoxemia and sepsis were used to elucidate how specific activation, with optogenetics and chemogenetics, or ablation of TRPA1 neurons can affect the outcomes of inflammatory insults. All statistical tests were performed with GraphPad Prism 9 software and for all analyses, P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Here, we describe a previously unrecognized mechanism by which IL-1β activates afferent vagus nerve fibers to trigger hypothermia, a response which is abolished by selective silencing of neuronal TRPA1. Afferent vagus nerve TRPA1 signaling also inhibits endotoxin-stimulated cytokine storm and significantly reduces the lethality of bacterial sepsis.

Conclusion
Thus, IL-1β activates TRPA1 vagus nerve signaling in the afferent arm of a reflex anti-inflammatory response which inhibits cytokine release, induces hypothermia, and reduces the mortality of infection. This discovery establishes that TRPA1, an ion channel known previously as a pro-inflammatory detector of cold, pain, itch, and a wide variety of noxious molecules, also plays a specific anti-inflammatory role via activating reflex anti-inflammatory activity.
Long noncoding RNA uc007nnj.1 mediates neuronal death induced by retinal ischemia/reperfusion in mice via the miR-155-5p/Tle4 axis
Authors: Feng Yuqing , Lu Jinfang , Peng Xujun , Ge Yanni , Zhang Ran , Li Huiling 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis is a vital manifestation of retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The contribution of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to this cellular process is currently being explored. Based on a lncRNA chip assay, we aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA uc007nnj.1 in the pathological process of ischemia-induced RGCs apoptosis.

Methods
Hank’s balanced salt solution containing 10 µM antimycin A and 2 µM calcium ionophore for 2 h to construct an ischemic model in RGCs, and elevation of intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg for 1 h was used to construct a mouse model of retinal I/R injury.

Results
In this study, lncRNA uc007nnj.1 was highly upregulated in response to I/R injury in RGCs and mouse retinas. In addition, lncRNA uc007nnj.1 knockdown reduced retinal neuronal cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo and significantly improved retinal function.

Discussion
Mechanistically, the results demonstrated that lncRNA uc007nnj.1 acts as ceRNA competitively binding miR-155-5p, thereby enhancing the expression levels of Tle4, thus aggravating ischemia-related apoptosis in RGCs.

Conclusions
Finally, our study identifies the lncRNA uc007nnj.1/miR-155-5p/Tle4 axis as a potential target for the prevention of I/R-induced retinal neuronal death.
Terahertz Spectroscopic Characterization and Thickness Evaluation of Internal Delamination Defects in GFRP Composites
Authors: Nsengiyumva Walter , Zhong Shuncong , Luo Manting , Wang Bing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) for the nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) of materials and structural systems has attracted significant attention over the past two decades due to its superior spatial resolution and capabilities of detecting and characterizing defects and structural damage in non-conducting materials. In this study, the THz-TDS system is used to detect, localize and evaluate hidden multi-delamination defects (i.e., a three-level multi-delamination system) in multilayered GFRP composite laminates. To obtain accurate results, a wavelet shrinkage de-noising algorithm is used to remove the noise from the measured time-of-flight (TOF) signals. The thickness and location of each delamination defect in the z-direction (i.e., through-the-thickness direction) are calculated from the de-noised TOF signals considering the interaction between the pulsed THz waves and the different interfaces in the GFRP composite laminates. A comparison between the actual and the measured thickness values of the delamination defects before and after the wavelet shrinkage denoising process indicates that the latter provides better results with less than 3.712% relative error, while the relative error of the non-de-noised signals reaches 16.388%. Also, the power and absorbance levels of the THz waves at every interface with different refractive indices in the GFRP composite laminates are evaluated based on analytical and experimental approaches. The present study provides an adequate theoretical analysis that could help NDT&E specialists to estimate the maximum thickness of GFRP composite materials and/or structures with different interfaces that can be evaluated by the THz-TDS. Also, the accuracy of the obtained results highlights the capabilities of the THz-TDS for the NDT&E of multilayered GFRP composite laminates.
Prediction and validation of novel SigB regulon members in Bacillus subtilis and regulon structure comparison to Bacillales members
Authors: Yeak Kah Yen Claire , Boekhorst Jos , Wels Michiel , Abee Tjakko , Wells-Bennik Marjon H J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Sigma factor B (SigB) is the central regulator of the general stress response in Bacillus subtilis and regulates a group of genes in response to various stressors, known as the SigB regulon members. Genes that are directly regulated by SigB contain a promotor binding motif (PBM) with a previously identified consensus sequence.

Results
In this study, refined SigB PBMs were derived and different spacer compositions and lengths (N12-N17) were taken into account. These were used to identify putative SigB-regulated genes in the B. subtilis genome, revealing 255 genes: 99 had been described in the literature and 156 genes were newly identified, increasing the number of SigB putative regulon members (with and without a SigB PBM) to > 500 in B. subtilis. The 255 genes were assigned to five categories (I-V) based on their similarity to the original SigB consensus sequences. The functionalities of selected representatives per category were assessed using promoter-reporter fusions in wt and ΔsigB mutants upon exposure to heat, ethanol, and salt stress. The activity of the PrsbV (I) positive control was induced upon exposure to all three stressors. PytoQ (II) showed SigB-dependent activity only upon exposure to ethanol, whereas PpucI (II) with a N17 spacer and PylaL (III) with a N16 spacer showed mild induction regardless of heat/ethanol/salt stress. PywzA (III) and PyaaI (IV) displayed ethanol-specific SigB-dependent activities despite a lower-level conserved − 10 binding motif. PgtaB (V) was SigB-induced under ethanol and salt stress while lacking a conserved − 10 binding region. The activities of PygaO and PykaA (III) did not show evident changes under the conditions tested despite having a SigB PBM that highly resembled the consensus. The identified extended SigB regulon candidates in B. subtilis are mainly involved in coping with stress but are also engaged in other cellular processes. Orthologs of SigB regulon candidates with SigB PBMs were identified in other Bacillales genomes, but not all showed a SigB PBM. Additionally, genes involved in the integration of stress signals to activate SigB were predicted in these genomes, indicating that SigB signaling and regulon genes are species-specific.

Conclusion
The entire SigB regulatory network is sophisticated and not yet fully understood even for the well-characterized organism B. subtilis 168. Knowledge and information gained in this study can be used in further SigB studies to uncover a complete picture of the role of SigB in B. subtilis and other species.
Causes and trends of adult mortality in southern Ethiopia: an eight-year follow up database study
Authors: Meles Gebrekiros Gebremichael , Ayele Gistane , Gutema Befikadu Tariku , Kondale Mekides , Zerdo Zerihun , Merdekios Behailu , Tsalla Tsegaye , Kote Mesfin , Baharu Alazar , Bekele Alemayehu , Gebremeskel Feleke , Shegaze Mulugeta , Gultie Teklemariam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Broad and specific causes of adult mortalities are often neglected indicators of wellbeing in low-income countries like Ethiopia due to lack of strong vital statistics. Thus, this database study aimed to assess the causes of adult mortality using demographic surveillance data.

Methods
An 8-year (12 September 2009–11 September 2017) surveillance data from the Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site was used for this study. Verbal autopsy methods and ICD codes were used to identify the causes of the adult deaths. The collected data were entered to the database by data clerks. We used Microsoft Excel and STATA version 16 software for data cleaning and analysis. Chi-squared test was used to see the significances of the trend analyses.

Result
From the 943 adult deaths from 2009 to 2017 in the Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in southern Ethiopia, more than half of them were females. The specific leading cause of death in the adults were tuberculosis (16.8%), malaria (9.7%), and intestinal infectious diseases (9.6%).
Communicable diseases (49.2%, 95% C.I 45.7, 52.7) accounted for about half of the deaths followed by non-communicable diseases (35%, 95% C.I 31.7, 38.4) where both categories showed an increasing trend.

Conclusion
Although pieces of evidences are showing the shift from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases as the major causes of adult death in developing countries, this study showed that communicable diseases are still the major causes of adult deaths. Efforts and emphasis should be given to control infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria.
Ultrasound quadriceps muscle thickness is variably associated with frailty in haemodialysis recipients
Authors: Anderson Benjamin M. , Wilson Daisy V. , Qasim Muhammad , Correa Gonzalo , Evison Felicity , Gallier Suzy , Ferro Charles J. , Jackson Thomas A. , Sharif Adnan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Ultrasonographic quantitation of quadriceps muscle mass is increasingly used for assessment of sarcopenia, but its relationship with frailty in haemodialysis recipients is not known. This study explores the relationship between ultrasound-derived bilateral anterior thigh thickness (BATT), sarcopenia, and frailty by common frailty tools (Frailty Phenotype [FP], Frailty Index [FI], Edmonton Frailty [EFS], and Clinical Frailty Scale [CFS]).

Methods
This was an exploratory analysis of a subgroup of adult prevalent (≥3 months) haemodialysis recipients deeply phenotyped for frailty. Ultrasound assessment of BATT was obtained with participants at an angle of ≤45°, with legs outstretched and knees resting at 10°-20°, according to an established protocol. Associations with frailty were explored via both linear and logistic regressions for BATT, Low Muscle Mass (LMM), and sarcopenia with stepwise adjustment for a priori covariables.

Results
In total 223 study participants had ultrasound measurements. Frailty ranged from 34% for FP to 58% for FI. BATT was associated with increasing frailty on simple linear regression by all frailty tools, but lost significance on addition of covariables. Upon dichotomising frailty tools into Frail/Not Frail, BATT was associated with frailty by all tools on univariable analyses, but only retained association for EFS on the fully adjusted model (OR 0.97, 95% C.I. 0.94–1.00, P = 0.05).

Conclusions
Ultrasound measures of quadriceps thickness is variably associated with frailty in prevalent haemodialysis recipients, dependent upon the frailty tool used, but not independent of other variables. Further work is required to establish the added value of sarcopenia measurement in frail haemodialysis patients.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03071107 registered 06/03/2017.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of complex febrile seizures in the acute phase: a case-series study in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Tsukasa , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Ishida Yusuke , Tomioka Kazumi , Nishiyama Masahiro , Toyoshima Daisaku , Maruyama Azusa , Takeda Hiroki , Kurosawa Hiroshi , Tanaka Ryojiro , Nozu Kandai , Nagase Hiroaki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with complex febrile seizures (CFS) often display abnormal laboratory results, unexpectedly prolonged seizures, and/or altered consciousness after admission. However, no standardized values have been established for the clinical and laboratory characteristics of CFS in the acute phase, making the management of CFS challenging. This study aimed to determine the clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with CFS during the acute phase. In particular, the duration of impaired consciousness and the detailed distribution of blood test values were focused.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of a consecutive pediatric cohort aged 6–60 months who were diagnosed with CFS and admitted to Kobe Children’s Hospital between October 2002 and March 2017. During the study period, 486 seizure episodes with confirmed CFS were initially reviewed, with 317 seizure episodes included in the analysis. Detailed clinical and laboratory characteristics were summarized.

Results
Among 317 seizure episodes (296 children with CFS), 302 required two or fewer anticonvulsants to be terminated. In 296 episodes showing convulsive seizures, median seizure duration was 30.5 min. The median time from onset to consciousness recovery was 175 min. Impaired consciousness lasting > 6, 8, and 12 h was observed in 13.9%, 7.6%, and 1.9% patients with CFS, respectively. Additionally, the distribution of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and glucose were clarified with 3, 10, 50, 90, and 97 percentile values.

Conclusion
This study detailed the clinical and laboratory findings of acute-phase CFS using the data of the largest 15-year consecutive cohort of children with CFS. These results provide important information for appropriate acute management of CFS.