bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-Closed Sets in Ideal Topological Spaces
Authors: Rakshana S. , Elango P. 
Published: March 2023

The main focus of this study is to introduce a new category of generalized closed sets, referred to as \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)- closed sets, within the framework of ideal topological spaces. By using a few instances, we demonstrate \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)- closed sets and establish some fundamental properties of \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-closed sets. We also investigate the relationship between \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-closed sets and other classes of generalized closed sets in ideal topological spaces, such as (\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{g}\)- closed sets, \(\alpha\)\(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{g}\)-closed sets, and (\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{r}\)\mathcal{g}\)-closed sets. Then, we focus on the topological implications of \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-closed sets and investigate how they relate to the concepts of \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-continuous map, (\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-irresolute map, and a strongly \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-continuous map. First and foremost, we define the \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-continuous map, investigate the behavior of \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)- continuous map with respect to \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-closed sets, and derive several important properties of \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-continuous map. Further, we studied their relationships with other classes of continuous maps in ideal topological spaces. Nevertheless, we defined the definitions of \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-irresolute maps and strongly \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-continuous maps in ideal topological spaces. We explored the connections with the notions of \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-continuous map, (\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-irresolute map, and a strongly \(\mathcal{I}_\mathcal{p}\)-continuous map. Our results provide new insights into the study of ideal topological spaces.
Performance Assessment of Low Global Warming Potential Alternative Refrigerants
Authors: Anthony A. Adeyanju , Manohar Krishpersad 
Published: March 2023

Global warming is the general increase in global temperature brought on by higher-than-normal concentrations of greenhouse gases. These gases trap heat waves as they approach the world and allow them to continue entering the atmosphere over time without being able to leave. This study used low global warming potential alternative refrigerants to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in line with global efforts to phase out chlorinated fluids in order to preserve the ozone layer as a result of the Montreal Protocol. A software program called Cycle-D-Hx, which has a graphical user interface and a thermodynamic model of the refrigeration system, was used to evaluate how well household refrigerators working with various types of refrigerants performed. The model was validated using data from a household refrigerator charged with R134A. The performance of several low global warming potential alternative refrigerants, including R404A, R449A, R513A, and R452A, was then assessed using the model.
The hydrofluoroolefin based R452A refrigerant is an alternative to R404A and R507 that is non-ozone depleting and has a low global warming potential. An azeotropic blend, R-513A is a drop-in replacement for R-134a in existing systems. Common hydrofluorocarbons and the new hydrofluoro-olefin molecule R1234yf are combined to form R449a, which is made up of R32 (24%), R125 (25%), R134a (26%), and R1234yf (25%). R513A, an aceotropic blend with no temperature glide, is composed of 44% R134a and 56% R1234yf.
The simulation's findings demonstrate that R452A has a coefficient of performance 1.578, a zero potential for ozone depletion, a 0.5oC temperature glide for the evaporator and condenser and also a low potential for global warming unit count of 2140. Along with these thermodynamic and environmental qualities, R452A blend can take the place of R134A as a refrigerant because it is non-flammable and noncorrosive and will not corrode the metal parts of the compressor and evaporator of the refrigeration system.
JAK2 unmutated erythrocytosis: 2023 Update on diagnosis and management
Authors: Gangat Naseema , Szuber Natasha , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDisease OverviewJAK2 unmutated or non‐polycythemia vera (PV) erythrocytosis encompasses a heterogenous spectrum of hereditary and acquired entities.DiagnosisForemost in the evaluation of erythrocytosis is the exclusion of PV through JAK2 (inclusive of exons 12–15) mutation screening. Initial assessment should also include gathering of previous records on hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hgb) levels, in order to streamline the diagnostic process by first distinguishing longstanding from acquired erythrocytosis; subsequent subcategorization is facilitated by serum erythropoietin (Epo) measurement, germline mutation screening, and review of historical data, including comorbid conditions and medication list. Hereditary erythrocytosis constitutes the main culprit in the context of longstanding erythrocytosis, especially when associated with a positive family history. In this regard, a subnormal serum Epo level suggests EPO receptor mutation. Otherwise, considerations include those associated with decreased (high oxygen affinity Hgb variants, 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate deficiency, PIEZO1 mutations, methemoglobinemia) or normal oxygen tension at 50% Hgb saturation (P50). The latter include germline oxygen sensing pathway (HIF2A–PHD2–VHL) and other rare mutations. Acquired erythrocytosis commonly results from central (e.g., cardiopulmonary disease, high‐altitude habitat) or peripheral (e.g., renal artery stenosis) hypoxia. Other noteworthy conditions associated with acquired erythrocytosis include Epo‐producing tumors (e.g., renal cell carcinoma, cerebral hemangioblastoma) and drugs (e.g., testosterone, erythropoiesis stimulating agents, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors). Idiopathic erythrocytosis is an ill‐defined terminology that presumes the existence of an increased Hgb/Hct level without an identifiable etiology. Such classification often lacks accounting for normal outliers and is marred by truncated diagnostic evaluation.ManagementCurrent consensus treatment guidelines are not supported by hard evidence and their value is further undermined by limited phenotypic characterization and unfounded concerns for thrombosis. We are of the opinion that cytoreductive therapy and indiscriminate use of phlebotomy should be avoided in the treatment of non‐clonal erythrocytosis. However, it is reasonable to consider therapeutic phlebotomy if one were to demonstrate value in symptom control, with frequency determined by symptoms rather than Hct level. In addition, cardiovascular risk optimization and low dose aspirin is often advised.Future DirectionsAdvances in molecular hematology might result in better characterization of “idiopathic erythrocytosis” and expansion of the repertoire for germline mutations in hereditary erythrocytosis. Prospective controlled studies are needed to clarify potential pathology from JAK2 unmutated erythrocytosis, as well as to document the therapeutic value of phlebotomy.
Post‐irradiation nasal nitric oxide in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ho Yan‐Ting , Lee Ta‐Jen , Chang Po‐Hung , Fu Chia‐Hsiang 
Published: March 2023

Key Points
nNO levels decreased at 3 and 6 months and recovered at 12 months after radiotherapy in NPC.
nNO may be a feasible biomarker for mucociliary function in post‐irradiated NPC patients.
Lower nNO levels were associated with more sinonasal burdens in post‐irradiated NPC patients.
Educational Attainment and Dementia: Mediation by Mid‐Life Vascular Risk Factors
Authors: Liu Chelsea , Ma Yuan , Hofman Albert , Waziry Reem , Koton Silvia , Pike James R. , Windham B. Gwen , Power Melinda C. , Sharrett A. Richey , Gottesman Rebecca F. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionLower education is associated with higher burden of vascular risk factors in mid‐life and higher risk of dementia in late life. We aim to understand the causal mechanism through which vascular risk factors potentially mediate the relationship between education and dementia.MethodsIn a cohort of 13,368 Black and White older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, we assessed the relationship between education (grade school, high school without graduation, high school graduate or equivalent, college, graduate/professional school) and dementia among all participants and among those with incident stroke. Cox models were adjusted for age, race‐center (a variable stratified by race and field center), sex, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype, and family history of cardiovascular disease. Causal mediation models assessed mediation by mid‐life systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and smoking.ResultsMore education was associated with 8 to 44% lower risk of dementia compared to grade school‐level education in a dose–response pattern, while the relationship between education and post‐stroke dementia was not statistically significant. Up to 25% of the association between education and dementia was mediated through mid‐life vascular risk factors, with a smaller percentage mediated for lower levels of education.InterpretationA substantial proportion of the relationship between education and dementia was mediated through mid‐life vascular risk factors. However, risk factor modification is unlikely to fully address the large educational disparities in dementia risk. Prevention efforts must also address disparities in socioeconomic resources leading to divergent early‐life education and other structural determinants of mid‐life vascular risk factors. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:13–26
Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of NRP‐1/CD304 in hematological diseases
Authors: Liu Yi‐jun , Li Xiao‐hui , Song Yi‐ling , Zhou Yi‐chen , Cai Rong‐zeng , Chi Pei‐dong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies had explored the diagnostic or prognostic value of NRP‐1/CD304 in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), whereas the expression and application value of NRP‐1/CD304 in other common hematological diseases have not been reported.MethodsBone marrow samples from 297 newly diagnosed patients with various hematological diseases were collected to detect the expression of NRP‐1/CD304 by flow cytometry (FCM). The diagnostic efficacy of NRP‐1/ CD304‐positive diseases was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was compared.ResultsIn the research cohort, the total positive rate of NRP‐1/CD304 was 14.81% (44/297), mainly distributed in BPDCN (100%, 6/6), B‐ALL (48.61%, 35/72), and AML (4.48%, 3/67), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). Other diseases, such as T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL), B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL), T/NK‐cell lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasms, did not express NRP‐1/CD304. The AUC of NRP‐1/CD304 was 0.936 (95% CI 0.898–0.973), 0.723 (95% CI 0.646–0.801), and 0.435 (95% CI 0.435) in BPDCN, B‐ALL and AML, respectively. Besides, CD304 was commonly expressed in B‐ALL with BCR‐ABL1 gene rearrangement (p = 0.000), and CD304 expression was positively correlated with CD34 co‐expression (p = 0.009) and CD10 co‐expression (p = 0.007).ConclusionsNRP‐1/CD304 is only expressed in BPDCN, B‐ALL and AML, but not in other common hematological diseases. This indicates that NRP‐1/CD304 has no obvious diagnostic and follow‐up study value in hematological diseases other than BPDCN, B‐ALL, and AML.
Mass cytometry for the multiplexed quantification and characterization of target expression on circulating cells in whole blood
Authors: Stevens Chad R. , Atkuri Kondala , Menard Daniele L. , King Lindsay E. , Neubert Hendrik , Goihberg Polina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCharacterization of target abundance on cells has broad translational applications. Among the approaches for assessing membrane target expression is quantification of the number of target‐specific antibody (Ab) bound per cell (ABC). ABC determination on relevant cell subsets in complex and limited biological samples necessitates multidimensional immunophenotyping, for which the high‐order multiparameter capabilities of mass cytometry provide considerable advantages. In the present study, we describe the implementation of CyTOF® for the concomitant quantification of membrane markers on diverse types of immune cells in human whole blood. Specifically, our protocol relies on establishingBmaxof Ab saturable binding on cells, then converted into ABC according to a metal's transmission efficiency and number of metal atoms per Ab. Using this method, we calculated ABC values for CD4 and CD8 within the expected range for circulating T cells and in concordance with the ABC obtained in the same samples by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we successfully conducted multiplex measurements of the ABC for CD28, CD16, CD32a, and CD64, on >15 immune cell subsets in human whole blood samples. We developed a high‐dimensional data analysis workflow enabling semi‐automatedBmaxcalculation in all examined cell subsets to facilitate ABC reporting across populations. In addition, we investigated impacts of the type of metal isotope and acquisition batch effect on the ABC evaluation with CyTOF®. In summary, our findings demonstrate mass cytometry is a valuable tool for concurrent quantitative analysis of multiple targets in specific and rare cell types, thus increasing the numbers of biomeasures obtained from a single sample.
A gravity‐independent single‐phase electrode reservoir for capillary electrophoresis applications
Authors: Drevinskas Tomas , Noell Aaron C. , Kehl Florian , Zamuruyev Konstantin , Ferreira Santos Mauro S. , Mora Maria F. , Boone Travis D. , Hoac Trinh , Quinn Richard C. , Ricco Antonio J. , Willis Peter A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) holds great promise as an in situ analytical technique for a variety of applications. However, typical instrumentation operates with open reservoirs (e.g., vials) to accommodate reagents and samples, which is problematic for automated instruments designed for space or underwater applications that may be operated in various orientations. Microgravity conditions add an additional challenge due to the unpredictable position of the headspace (air layer above the liquid) in any two‐phase reservoir. One potential solution for these applications is to use a headspace‐free, flow‐through reservoir design that is sealed and connected to the necessary reagents and samples. Here, we demonstrate a flow‐through high‐voltage (HV) reservoir for CE that is compatible with automated in situ exploration needs, and which can be electrically isolated from its source fluidics (in order to prevent unwanted leakage current). We also demonstrate how the overall system can be rationally designed based on the operational parameters for CE to prevent electrolysis products generated at the electrode from entering the capillary and interfering with the CE separation. A reservoir was demonstrated with a 19 mm long, 1.8 mm inner diameter channel connecting the separation capillary and the HV electrode. Tests of these reservoirs integrated into a CE system show reproducible CE system operation with a variety of background electrolytes at voltages up to 25 kV. Rotation of the reservoirs, and the system, showed that their performance was independent of the direction of the gravity vector.
Contraction of the fluvial territory in the Jarama River (Spain)
Authors: Enríquez‐de‐Salamanca Álvaro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRivers are dynamic systems, with mobility due to their changing flows. Variations in flow give rise to floods, forming floodplains, whose human occupation depends on the probability of flooding; the reduction of floods favours human occupation. This study analyses the modification of the fluvial territory of the lower stretch of the Jarama River between 1956 and 2020, through orthophotographic analysis. The regulation of the basin by dams has led to the disappearance of floods, favouring human occupation of the fluvial territory. Concurrently, the length of the river channel has increased by 2.3% due to the excavation of some meanders, favoured by the modification of flows due to the discharge of wastewater treatment plants. As a consequence, the fluvial territory has increased by 0.88 km2 due to erosion, but at the same time has lost 14.36 km2 due to human occupation, with a net loss of 58.3% of the area. Most of the occupied fluvial territory has been used for agriculture, followed by grassland and mining, although much of the grasslands are former mining areas. The current public river domain is very narrow, and is defined as a fixed space, incompatible with fluvial dynamics. Floodplains are a strategic resource, as a defence against floods and to preserve river dynamics, sediment transport and biodiversity. It is necessary to preserve the fluvial territory and expand it by recovering lost land, and to maintain a space of freedom for the river, allowing its natural dynamics.
Evaluation of solar thermal energy capture and storage alternatives for indirect steam generation: A case study
Authors: Zoratti G. , Mores P. , Godoy E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes the integration of a solar thermal plant for indirect steam generation in a typical industrial process with thermal energy requirements. Solar irradiation is computed using a validated predictive model in Santa Fe province, Argentina. Three configurations are proposed, consisting of parabolic trough collectors and thermal storage tanks. Performance indicators, such as generated energy, resulting solar fraction (the fraction of the industrial process' thermal requirements met by solar energy), and necessary solar field area, are evaluated for each configuration. A specific energy map is generated, showing the solar generation potential at each location. For required solar fractions of 20%‐25%, incorporating a thermal storage system does not provide any benefits as the solar plant does not produce enough energy to contribute to the industrial process during winter months. For required solar fractions of 30%‐35%, the resulting solar fraction can be increased to 42%‐45% with additional capture area and thermal storage capacity. For required solar fractions of 37%‐40%, the thermal storage improves the efficiency of the solar plant, resulting in a solar fraction of 50%‐60%, allowing the industrial process to receive energy for at least 6 h a day throughout the year. It is concluded that these configurations are suitable for providing a portion of the industrial process' thermal requirements.
The therapeutic potential of immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer: Rational strategies and recent progress
Authors: Javid Hossein , Attarian Fatemeh , Saadatmand Toktam , Rezagholinejad Nastaran , Mehri Ali , Amiri Hamed , Karimi‐Shahri Mehdi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide is breast cancer (BC), and despite significant advances in BC therapies, a significant proportion of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Currently used treatments, like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone replacement therapy, result in poor responses and high recurrence rates. Alternative therapies are therefore needed for this type of cancer. Cancer patients may benefit from immunotherapy, a novel treatment strategy in cancer treatment. Even though immunotherapy has been successful in many cases, some patients do not respond to the treatment or those who do respond relapse or progress. The purpose of this review is to discuss several different immunotherapy approaches approved for the treatment of BC, as well as different strategies for immunotherapy for the treatment of BC.
Abstraction and addition reactions of four γ‐lactones with H‐atoms and methyl radicals
Authors: Würmel Judith , Simmie John M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe five‐membered cyclic esters, or γ‐lactones, are promising candidates as biofuel additives and green solvent components. A comprehensive study of thermochemical and kinetic properties of γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), γ‐valerolactone (GVL), γ‐caprolactone (GCL), and γ‐heptalactone (GHL) has been conducted. The entropy, , specific heat, , enthalpy function, , and the enthalphy of formation at 298.15 K, , as well as the adiabatic ionization potential and single bond dissociation energies are reported. Bimolecular rate constants for the abstraction of H‐atom by H• and CH are presented on a per abstractable hydrogen basis; abstraction at the tertiary carbon site is consistently favored, while abstraction by CH lags behind H•. Addition reactions of H• and CH have high barriers and favor addition to the C‐center.
LEADING WITH GRACE WHEN THE PRESSURE IS ON
Authors: Baldoni John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe author delineates the importance of the concept of grace in leadership, and the self‐development of leaders in organizations of all sectors of society. He notes the importance of “grace under pressure,” and remaining calm during moments of uncertainty and chaos. Good leaders, in the author’s words, take care of their people; take care of themselves; and prepare for the future. He defines grace as “the catalyst for the greater good,” and notes that it “facilitates connection with others.” He also writes about the importance of abundance, which “embraces the goodness of others, but it also makes demands upon us to share.” The importance of questioning is stressed. “When you ask the right question,” he writes, “you can distill answers that are relevant as well as helpful.” Among the sample leadership questions, in his words, are: How do you communicate the mission? How do you enlist the support of others? How do you encourage productivity? He also writes about such “power questions” as, in his words, What good can I do with my power? What harm can I cause with my power? Echoing a question that is no doubt on the minds of many leaders, one of his final questions is “How are you dealing with the unknown?”
Retrospective diagnosis by parental testing in the next generation sequencing era and utility of reanalysis of exome data
Authors: Saxena Deepti , Srivastava Somya , Maurya Rajesh K. , Moirangthem Amita , Mandal Kausik , Phadke Shubha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveGenetic diseases are an important cause of neonatal and childhood mortality. For couples with a history of demise of previous children, screening for carrier status can be done by exome sequencing (ES) of the parents. Our aim was to describe the clinical utility of “targeted parental ES” in such couples and to assess the utility of reanalysis of parental ES data.MethodWe analyzed previous records, including ES reports, of 52 families with demise of previous offspring with a suspected genetic disorder. We also retrieved and reanalyzed raw data of parental ES in FASTQ format from the testing lab.ResultsA potential diagnosis was obtained in 30/52 (57.7%) of couples. We found 38/70 (54.3%) novel variants in this cohort. Shared carrier status for more than one autosomal or X‐linked recessive disorder was identified in 18% of couples. Reanalysis of raw data resulted in a reclassification of variants in 15% of cases.ConclusionTargeted parental ES can be helpful for families with demise of previous offspring with a suspected genetic disorder.