bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
»Omvendelsesterapi« rettet mod unge LGBT+-personer – en ny nordisk forbrydelse?
Authors: Verdoner Søren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article investigates recent legal developments regarding the practice of so-called »LGBT+ conversion therapy«. It analyses what positive obligations the Nordic states bear to protect LGBT+ youth against practices of ‘conversion treatments’ under international and regional human rights law. It then goes on to consider the challenges of criminalizing ‘conversion therapy’ and reviews the new Norwegian draft law proposal on its criminalization. The article concludes that the rather limited Nordic debate on the issue has been narrowly focused on balancing the right to privacy against the right to religious freedom. Furthermore, it has failed to pay sufficient attention to the positive obligations states have to protect the dignity of vulnerable groups against degrading and cruel treatment. Finally, the article discusses how measures outside of the criminal law can be used to protect LGBT+ youth against practices like ‘continuing none-acceptance’ that do not fall within the scope of actual ‘conversion therapy’, but which can still cause long-term harm. The article argues that non-acceptance of a child’s sexuality or gender identity might amount to a breach of the parental guardian’s duty of care.
ASPECTO EN DOS PREPOSICIONES: EL CASO DE HACIA Y HASTA
Authors: Colin Salazar Leticia del Carmen 
Published: December 2022

El presente estudio analiza la diferencia entre las preposiciones españolas hasta y hacia en términos aspectuales. Un primer acercamiento a los datos del Español de México desde esta perspectiva ha mostrado que la diferencia entre la interpretación de lejanía y tardanza (Colin, De la Mora & Belloro, 2018; Colin, 2019) para hasta y la interpretación de aproximación para hacia está íntimamente relacionada con el aspecto. Por un lado, hasta –al ser una preposición télica (Romeu, 1985; Demonte, 2011)– impone un término en la trayectoria y designa su fin. Cuando esta trayectoria se presenta como un recorrido mental, la manifestación del límite impuesto por hasta se reinterpreta como un punto distante, ya sea en el tiempo (1) o en el espacio (2). Del otro lado, hacia –al ser una preposición atélica– proyecta la trayectoria como una región difusa, es decir, como un punto no especificado en el tiempo (3) o en el espacio (4).
(1) Los invitados llegaron hasta las 11.
(2) La reunión será hasta Querétaro.
(3) Los invitados llegaron hacia las 11.
(4) La reunión será hacia Querétaro.
Con base en dos corpus de habla oral (CREA-oral, Corpus Sociolingüístico de la Ciudad de México), el presente estudio busca mostrar no solo las diferencias aspectuales entre estas preposiciones, sino las distinciones pragmáticas que se desprenden de la presencia o ausencia de la Dinámica de Fuerzas (Talmy, 1985, 1988a, 1988b) en el evento. Mientras que en hasta el significado de límite implica una situación de Dinámica de Fuerzas, en hacia dicha Dinámica está ausente. Tanto en (1) como en (2) no solo se perfila un punto final, sino que se designa un evento que corre en contra de las expectativas del hablante, cosa que no sucede con hacia en (3) y (4). El análisis muestra que las expectativas del hablante constituyen la fuerza antagónica abstracta que dinamiza eventos de corte télico.
Proposed Nonparametric Tests for the Umbrella Alternative in a Mixed Design for Location and Scale
Authors: Alotaibi Eid , Magel Rhonda C. 
Published: December 2022

Aims: To develop and compare tests for a mixed design of a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with k populations in testing for the umbrella alternative with known peak, p, for both location and scale parameters. These tests were combinations of the Mack-Wolfe test, the Kim-Kim test, and both the Mack-Wolfe test, and the Kim-Kim test using the Moses technique.
Study Design: Monte Carlo Simulation Study.
Place and Duration of Study: North Dakota State University, Department of Statistics, August 2020-December 2021.
Methodology: A simulation study was conducted to see how well the proposed tests maintained their significant levels. Powers were also estimated for different ratios of sample size in the CRD to the number of blocks in the RCBD; we assumed equal variance ratios between the CRD and the RCBD. Different parameter changes were considered to see if they would impact which test statistics had greater power. In all cases, it was assumed three observations per treatment, per block in the RCBD portion.
Conclusion: All proposed tests maintained their significance levels. An overall test is recommended if both location and scale parameters change.
Longitudinal Assessment of Labor Market Earnings Among Patients Diagnosed With Cancer in Canada
Authors: Jung Young , Longo Christopher , Tompa Emile 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceTo our knowledge, there have been no studies that estimated the short-, mid-, and long-term effects on cancer survivors’ labor market earnings using administrative data.ObjectiveTo estimate the change in labor market earnings due to cancer diagnosis stratified by cancer type and age category.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study used a retrospective analysis of Statistics Canada’s administrative linkage file, which includes microdata from the 1991 Census, the Canadian Cancer Registry, mortality records, and personal income tax files. Participants included patients newly diagnosed with cancer from 1992 to 2008. All statistical analyses were finished on September 30, 2020.ExposuresCancer diagnosis using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnnual and percent change in labor market earnings. The empirical strategy used a combination of the Mahalanobis distance and propensity score matching method and the difference-in-difference regression method to select a control group similar to the cancer survivors in this study and assess the association of the cancer diagnosis with labor market earnings, respectively.ResultsA total of 59 532 patients with cancer and 243 446 patients without cancer were included in the main analysis. The mean (SD) age was similar between the matched treatment and control cohort (49.70 [8.1] years vs 49.68 [7.2] years), as was the proportion of females (0.49 vs 0.49), and the individual reported income ($37 937 [$18 645] vs $37 396 [$16 876]). The results showed the negative associations of cancer with labor market earnings. Additionally, the severity of the cancer was associated with labor market earnings, where cancer survivors with a severe type of cancer in terms of the 5-year survival rate are shown to have a larger and more persistent earnings difference compared with the control group.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that labor market earnings losses are associated with a cancer diagnosis. A better understanding of the loss of labor market earnings following cancer diagnosis and by cancer type can play an important role in starting a dialogue in future policy initiatives to mitigate the financial burden faced by cancer survivors.
Assessment of Body Mass Index, Polygenic Risk Score, and Development of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Xuechen , Li Hengjing , Mandic Marko , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceExcess weight, the prevalence of which is high and increasing in many countries, is linked to multiple adverse health outcomes, including increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Better communication of health risks associated with excess weight might support efforts of prevention.ObjectiveTo evaluate the individual and joint associations of body mass index (BMI) and polygenic risk with CRC, to assess potential interactions among them, and to quantify by how much increased polygenic risk for CRC can be offset by having a BMI within reference range.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based case-control study was conducted in the Rhine-Neckar region of southwest Germany, with recruitment from 2003 to 2017. Participants with both risk factor and genetic information were included for analysis. Data analysis was conducted from December 8, 2021, to February 17, 2022.ExposuresBMI was calculated as self-reported weight in kilograms approximately 10 years before diagnosis or interview and current height in meters squared. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was built based on 140 CRC-related risk loci.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIndividual and joint associations of BMI and PRS with CRC were estimated using multiple logistic regression. Associations of excess weight with CRC were quantified by adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and genetic risk equivalents (GREs), the equivalent outcomes conveyed by defined differences in PRS percentiles.ResultsAmong 9169 participants (median [IQR] age, 69 [62-76] years; 5589 [61.0%] male participants) included, 5053 had CRC and 4116 did not. BMI of 30 or greater was associated with higher odds of having CRC compared with BMI less than 25 (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.49-1.97), independent of PRS levels (P for interaction = .45). Participants with BMI of 30 or greater and a PRS in the highest tertile had higher odds of CRC compared with participants with BMI less than 25 and a PRS in the lowest tertile (aOR, 3.82; 95% CI, 3.03-4.82). The estimated association of BMI greater than 30 with CRC risk was equivalent to that of having a 41 (95% CI, 29-53)–percentile higher PRS. BMI of 30 or greater was particularly associated with stage IV CRC (aOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.71-2.84).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that excess weight was associated with CRC regardless of PRS levels. The association of having a BMI within reference range may be similar to that of having a substantially lower polygenic risk for CRC.
Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw Following Proton Radiation Therapy for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Singh Annu , Kitpanit Sarin , Neal Brian , Yorke Ellen , White Charlie , Yom SaeHee K. , Randazzo Joseph D. , Wong Richard J. , Huryn Joseph M. , Tsai Chiaojung Jillian , Zakeri Kaveh , Lee Nancy Y. , Estilo Cherry L. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceProton radiation therapy (PRT) has reduced radiation-induced toxic effects, such as mucositis and xerostomia, over conventional photon radiation therapy, leading to significantly improved quality of life in patients with head and neck cancers. However, the prevalence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw following PRT in these patients is less clear.ObjectiveTo report the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ORN in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OOPC) treated with PRT.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series reports a single-institution experience (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York) between November 2013 and September 2019 and included 122 radiation therapy–naive patients with OOPC treated with PRT. Data were analyzed from 2013 to 2019.Main Outcomes and MeasuresClinical parameters, including sex, age, comorbidities, tumor histology, concurrent chemotherapy, smoking, comorbidities, and preradiation dental evaluation, were obtained from the medical record. Patients with clinical or radiographic signs of ORN were identified and graded using the adopted modified Glanzmann and Grätz grading system. Characteristics of ORN, such as location, clinical presentation, initial stage at diagnosis, etiology, time to diagnosis, management, and clinical outcome at the last follow-up, were also collected.ResultsOf the 122 patients (mean [SD] age, 63 [13] years; 45 [36.9%] women and 77 [63.1%] men) included in this study, 13 (10.6%) developed ORN following PRT during a median (range) follow-up time of 40.6 (&amp;lt;1-101) months. All patients had spontaneous development of ORN. At the time of initial diagnosis, grade 0, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 ORN were seen in 2, 1, 9, and 1 patient, respectively. The posterior ipsilateral mandible within the radiation field that received the full planned PRT dose was the most involved ORN site. At a median (range) follow-up of 13.5 (0.2-58.0) months from the time of ORN diagnosis, complete resolution, stable condition, and progression of ORN were seen in 3, 6, and 4 patients, respectively. The 3-year rates of ORN and death in the total cohort were 5.2% and 21.5%, while the 5-year rates of ORN and death were 11.5% and 34.4%, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case series, the prevalence of ORN following PRT was found to be 10.6%, indicating that ORN remains a clinical challenge even in the era of highly conformal PRT. Clinicians treating patients with OOPC with PRT should be mindful of this complication.
3D deep convolution neural network for radiation pneumonitis prediction following stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Kapoor Rishabh , Sleeman William , Palta Jatinder , Weiss Elisabeth 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with input from radiographic and dosimetric datasets of primary lung tumors and surrounding lung volumes to predict the likelihood of radiation pneumonitis (RP). Pre‐treatment, 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up computed tomography (CT) and 3D dose datasets from one hundred and ninety‐three NSCLC patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) were retrospectively collected and analyzed for this study. DenseNet‐121 and ResNet‐50 models were selected for this study as they are deep neural networks and have been proven to have high accuracy for complex image classification tasks. Both were modified with 3D convolution and max pooling layers to accept 3D datasets. We used a minority class oversampling approach and data augmentation to address the challenges of data imbalance and data scarcity. We built two sets of models for classification of three (No RP, Grade 1 RP, Grade 2 RP) and two (No RP, Yes RP) classes as outputs. The 3D DenseNet‐121 models performed better (F1 score [0.81], AUC [0.91] [three class]; F1 score [0.77], AUC [0.84] [two class]) than the 3D ResNet‐50 models (F1 score [0.54], AUC [0.72] [three‐class]; F1 score [0.68], AUC [0.71] [two‐class]) (p = 0.017 for three class predictions). We also attempted to identify salient regions within the input 3D image dataset via integrated gradient (IG) techniques to assess the relevance of the tumor surrounding volume for RP stratification. These techniques appeared to indicate the significance of the tumor and surrounding regions in the prediction of RP. Overall, 3D CNNs performed well to predict clinical RP in our cohort based on the provided image sets and radiotherapy dose information.
Progress of Phosphate‐based Polyanion Cathodes for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries
Authors: Bin Duan , Du Yanyan , Yang Beibei , Lu Hongbin , Liu Yao , Xia Yongyao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs) are recently prevailing devices that utilize the abundant Zn resources and the merits of aqueous electrolytes to become a competitive alternative for large‐scale energy storage. Benefiting from the unique inductive effect and flexible structure, the past five years have experienced a diversiform of phosphate‐based polyanion materials that are used as cathodes in ARZBs. In this review, the most recent advances in the Zn2+ storage mechanisms and electrolyte optimization of the phosphate‐based cathodes of ARZBs, which mainly focus on vanadium/iron‐based phosphates and their derivatives are presented. Furthermore, in addition to significant progress on polyanion phosphate‐based cathode materials, the design strategies both for electrode materials and compatible electrolytes are also elaborated to improve the energy density and extend the cycling life of aqueous Zn/polyanion batteries.
Enhanced Stability and Narrowed D‐Band Gap of Ce‐Doped Co3O4for Rechargeable Aqueous Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Qian Jinmei , Liu Xin , Zhong Chenglin , Xu Guofu , Li Haijing , Zhou Wanhai , You Bo , Wang Fei , Gao Daqiang , Chao Dongliang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt remains challenging to achieve further breakthroughs in the development of durable bifunctional air cathode electrocatalysts for increasing the cycling life of rechargeable Zn‐air battery (RZAB). Herein, d‐band gap narrowing strategy is proposed to significantly boost the electrocatalytic activity and stability of spinel Co3O4for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. In situ Raman spectroscopy finds that the Ce atom substitution can significantly improve the durability and corrosion resistance of electrocatalysts in harsh alkaline electrolytes. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption fine structure reveals that the Co3+/Co2+ratio of Co3O4can be tuned with Ce introduction, which is beneficial to optimize the adsorption/desorption of the intermediates over Cooh3+active sites. Density functional theory calculations further confirm the reduced gap between Co d‐band and O p‐band centers, increased electrical conductivity, together with the deepened valence band maximum of Co sites in Ce‐doped Co3O4. Thereby, the optimized RZAB with Ce‐Co3O4delivers excellent long‐term durability (290 h) and large specific capacity (876.3 ), which possesses great prospects in all‐solid‐state flexible RZAB devices.
Thyroid‐on‐a‐Chip: An Organoid Platform for In Vitro Assessment of Endocrine Disruption
Authors: Carvalho Daniel J. , Kip Anna M. , Romitti Mírian , Nazzari Marta , Tegel Andreas , Stich Matthias , Krause Christian , Caiment Florian , Costagliola Sabine , Moroni Lorenzo , Giselbrecht Stefan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThyroid is a glandular tissue in the human body in which the function can be severely affected by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Current in vitro assays to test endocrine disruption by chemical compounds are largely based on 2D thyroid cell cultures, which often fail to precisely evaluate the safety of these compounds. New and more advanced 3D cell culture systems are urgently needed to better recapitulate the thyroid follicular architecture and functions and help to improve the predictive power of such assays. Herein, the development of a thyroid organoid‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) device using polymeric membranous carriers is described. Mouse embryonic stem cell derived thyroid follicles are incorporated in a microfluidic chip for a 4 day experiment at a flow rate of 12 µL min−1. A reversible seal provides a leak‐tight sealing while enabling quick and easy loading/unloading of thyroid follicles. The OoC model shows a high degree of functionality, where organoids retain expression of key thyroid genes and a typical follicular structure. Finally, transcriptional changes following benzo[k]fluoranthene exposure in the OoC device demonstrate activation of the xenobiotic aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Altogether, this OoC system is a physiologically relevant thyroid model, which will represent a valuable tool to test potential EDCs.
The Construction of Alkaline Phosphatase‐Responsive Biomaterial and Its Application for In Vivo Urinary Tract Infection Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Fu Ying , Zhou Rongtao , Yin Moli , Zhu Wenhe , Yan Shunjie , Wang Huiyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUrinary tract infections caused by urinary catheter implantations are becoming more serious. Therefore, the construction of a responsive antibacterial biomaterial that can not only provide biocompatible conditions, but also effectively prevent the growth and metabolism of bacteria, is urgently needed. In this work, a benzophenone‐derived phosphatase light‐triggered antibacterial agent is designed and synthesized, which is tethered to the biological materials using a one‐step method for in vivo antibacterial therapy. This surface could kill gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). More importantly, because this material exhibited a zwitterion structure, it does not damage blood cells and tissue cells. When the bacteria interact with this surface, the initial fouling of the bacteria is reduced by zwitterion hydration. When the bacteria actively accumulate and metabolize to produce a certain amount of alkaline phosphatase, the surface immediately started the sterilization performance, and the bactericidal effect is achieved by destroying the bacterial cell membrane. In summary, an antibacterial biomaterial that shows biocompatibility with mammalian cells is successfully constructed, providing new ideas for the development of intelligent urinary catheters.
A Dynamic Membrane‐Active Glycopeptide for Enhanced Protection of Human Red Blood Cells against Freeze‐Stress
Authors: Gao Shuhui , Niu Qingjing , Wang Yan , Ren Lixia , Chong Jinghui , Zhu Kongying , Yuan Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntracellular delivery of freezing‐tolerant trehalose is crucial for cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) and previous strategies based on membrane‐disruptive activity usually generate severe hemolysis. Herein, a dynamic membrane‐active glycopeptide is developed by grafting with 25% maltotriose and 50% p‐benzyl alcohol for the first time to effectively facilitate entry of membrane‐impermeable trehalose in human RBCs with low hemolysis. Results of the mechanism acting on cell membranes suggest that reversible adsorption of such benzyl alcohol‐grafted glycopeptide on cell surfaces upon weak perturbation with phospholipids and dynamic transition toward membrane stabilization are essential for keeping cellular biofunctions. Furthermore, the functionalized glycopeptide is indicative of typical α‐helical/β‐sheet structure‐driven regulations of ice crystals during freeze−thaw, thereby strongly promoting efficient cryopreservation. Such all‐in‐one glycopeptide enables achieving both high cell recovery post‐thaw >85% and exceptional cryosurvival >95% in direct freezing protocols. The rationally designed benzyl alcohol‐modified glycopeptide permits the development of a competent platform with high generality for protection of blood cells against freeze‐stress.
pH and Thrombin Concentration Are Decisive in Synthesizing Stiff, Stable, and Open‐Porous Fibrin‐Collagen Hydrogel Blends without Chemical Cross‐Linker
Authors: Wachendörfer Mattis , Buhl Eva Miriam , Messaoud Ghazi Ben , Richtering Walter , Fischer Horst 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFibrin‐collagen hydrogel blends exhibit high potential for tissue engineering applications. However, it is still unclear whether the underlying cross‐linking mechanisms are of chemical or physical nature. It is here hypothesized that chemical cross‐linkers play a negligible role and that instead pH and thrombin concentration are decisive for synthetizing blends with high stiffness and hydrolytic stability. Different fibrin‐collagen formulations (pure and with additional transglutaminase) are used and the blends’ compaction rate, hydrolytic stability, compressive strength, and hydrogel microstructure are investigated. The effect of thrombin concentration on gel compaction is examined and the importance of pH control during synthesis observed. It is revealed that transglutaminase impairs gel stability and it is deduced that fibrin‐collagen blends mainly cross‐link by mechanical interactions due to physical fibril entanglement as opposed to covalent bonds from chemical cross‐linking. High thrombin concentrations and basic pH during synthesis reduce gel compaction and enhance stiffness and long‐term stability. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a highly interpenetrating fibrous network with unique, interconnected open‐porous microstructures. Endothelial cells proliferate on the blends and form a confluent monolayer. This study reveals the underlying cross‐linking mechanisms and presents enhanced fibrin‐collagen blends with high stiffness, hydrolytic stability, and large, interconnected pores; findings that offer high potential for advanced tissue engineering applications.