bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of calcium/magnesium ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yücel Kamile , Gürbüz Ali Fuat 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Mg levels were determined by measuring the total serum Mg levels. Magnesium was measured by colorimetric method and HbA1c was measured by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay method. Subject were divided into two groups (<7 % and ≥7 %) based on HbA1c levels. Also, subjects were divided into four groups (quartiles) based on serum Mg concentrations.

Results
A total of 891 (636F, 255M) patients diagnosed with T2DM were included in the study. The Mg increase in the group with good glycemic control was also remarkable. One of our most important findings is that as the Mg concentration increases, the fasting glucose, HbA1c, and Ca/Mg rate decreased with increasing Mg concentration. In the ROC analysis performed between the poor and good glycemic control groups, we found the AUC was 0.672, 0.650, 0.611, and 0.578 for Ca/Mg ratio, Mg, K, and Ca, respectively.

Conclusions
While the Ca/Mg ratio and Ca levels were significantly higher, Mg levels were significantly lower among poor glycemic control than good glycemic control T2DM. The Ca/mg ratio and Mg are important parameters for T2DM patients, but more comprehensive studies are needed before they can monitor glycemic control.
Characterization of titanium grade 5 alloy compressor blade in a jet engine using advanced materials for optimum thrust production
Authors: Joy Nivin , Prakash Subramaniam , Krishnamoorthy Arunagiri , Gunasekar Pitchaimuthu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Machining operations on titanium and its alloys have always been a challenge in the design of compressor blade in the jet engine which undergo profound stress during impact of debris and affects the life span of both static and rotary blades. Titanium grade 5 alloy is used to resist the creep and fatigue due to the thermal expansion and sudden impact including bird strike. However, machining them is difficult. An attempt was made to mitigate the temperature during drilling of Ti-6Al-4V by adopting cryogenic coolants LN2, CO2 and a novel approach of coconut oil under varying cutting speed and feed rates. LN2 provided 17 and 55% reduction in temperature over CO2 and coconut oil condition respectively. Employing the optimum machining procedure for Titanium alloy can reduce the weight of the aircraft by mounting the titanium alloy at the leading edge of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite blades.
The Relationship of Anthropometric and Physical Performance Characteristics on Competitive Success in Amateur, Elite, and Professional Rodeo Athletes
Authors: Oranchuk Dustin J. , Gullett LeeAnne K. , Kicia Michael , Thome Brandon , Game Alex 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Oranchuk, DJ, Gullett, LK, Kicia, M, Thome, B, and Game, A. The relationship of anthropometric and physical performance characteristics on competitive success in amateur, elite, and professional rodeo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1495–1506, 2023—Reference anthropometric and physical performance qualities can improve understanding of sporting needs and streamline preparation and rehabilitation programs. However, these data and their relationships with competitive success are absent in rodeo athletes. We hypothesized that riding performance would be most correlated with hip adductor, neck, and grip strength, whereas jump, reactive strength index (RSI), and change of direction abilities would best predict bull-fighting performance. Forty-three amateur (n = 9), professional (n = 23), or internationally ranked (n = 11) male rodeo athletes (bareback = 9, bull riders = 16, saddle bronc = 7, bullfighters = 11) (26.8 ± 5.6 years) volunteered for this study. Anthropometrics included body mass, height, and body fat percentage. Performance measures included isometric hip adduction and abduction, neck flexion and extension, handgrip strength, squat and countermovement jump heights, eccentric utilization ratio, reactive strength index, change of direction, bike sprints, and several pneumatic power measures. Bullfighters were taller and heavier than bull riders (effect size [ES] = 0.84–0.87, p = 0.008–0.017). Bull riders were leaner than bullfighters (ES = 0.74, p = 0.012). Fighters had greater RSI than riders (ES = 0.73–1.47, p < 0.001–0.030). Competitive level of rodeo riders (n = 32) correlated with age, rodeo experience (ρ = 0.37–0.43, p = 0.013–0.049), bent-leg abduction (ρ = 0.43, p = 0.014), straight-leg hip adduction and abduction (ρ = 0.49–0.56, p < 0.001–0.005), neck flexion force (ρ = 0.43, p = 0.016), and rotational power (ρ = 0.50, p = 0.004). The competitive level of the fighters correlated with age (ρ = 0.64, p = 0.036) and time trial performance (ρ = −0.76, p = 0.006). This is the first study providing normative and correlational strength and power performance data in a rodeo population. These data highlight the need for more event-specific physical preparation. Riders should focus their physical preparation on hip and neck strength and rotational power. Bullfighters should prioritize stiffness and anaerobic power.
Protective role of 3-oxypyridine derivatives in rats’ steroid-induced osteoporosis associated with reduced oxidative stress and recovery of nitric oxide formation
Authors: Danilenko A. P. , Trunov K. S. , Pokrovsky M. V. , Danilenko L. M. , Korokin M. V. , Gudyrev O. S. , Khentov A. A. , Masalytina N. P. , Tatarenkova I. A. , Cherednichenko A. V. , Boeva E. V. , Koklin I. S. , Taran E. I. 
Published: May 2023

From the point of view of the mechanisms for the implementation of pathogenetic links in the development of steroid-induced osteoporosis considered in the paper, the increased risk of the oxidative stress in osteoblasts, as well as the development of the vessels endothelial dysfunction of the microcirculatory bloodstream in the bone tissue, are of particular interest. They lead to the impaired bone tissue trophism and progression of osteoporosis.The aim of the study was research of the osteoprotective effects of a 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives composition on the model of steroid-induced osteoporosis.Materials and methods. To model osteoporosis pathology, the animals (male Wistar rats) were injected with methylprednisolone (MP) at the dose of 5 mg/kg (intraperitoneally) every 5th day for 5 weeks. Аs a non-selective blocker of NO synthase, L-NAME was used at the dose of 25 mg/kg (intraperitoneally). Derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine (hereinafter referred to as composition No. 1) were administrated at the dose of 50 mg/kg (per os) In all experimental groups, the level of microcirculation and the bone mineral density, as well as the analysis of histomorphological and biochemical samples, were assessed.Results. The study results showed that composition No. 1 (50 mg/kg) has an osteoprotective activity, effectively prevents a decrease in the level of the regional bone tissue microcirculation and in the development of an endothelial dysfunction. That makes it possible to increase the bone mineral density and to slow down the thinning of bone trabeculae. In addition, composition No. 1 (50 mg/kg) reduces the production of reactive oxygen species and increases the NO bioavailability.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the studied composition of 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives is considered a promising compound for the prevention and treatment of steroid-induced osteoporosis.
Laboratory Study for Biodegradation of Oxymatrine Insecticide by Single and Mixed Cultures of Fungi Isolated from Agriculture Soils in Basrah Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Et al. Raheem 
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on the biodegradation of oxymatrine insecticide by some soil fungi isolated from four agriculture stations. The results showed that the highest degradation rate 94.66% was recorded by Ulocladium sp. at 10 days and A. niger recorded the lowest degradation rate 45.86%, while at 20 days Ulocladium sp. also showed the highest degradation rate 94.98% and the lowest degradation rate reached to 82.49% with A.niger. The mix (Exerohilum sp.+Ulocladium sp.) recorded the highest degradation rate of oxymatrine insecticide 90.22%, 88.51%, 85.34% at 4, 8 and 12 ppm.The use of mixed isolates enhanced the biodegradation process. There is no study of oxymatrine biodegradation so this study is the first of its kind in the region which can be used as a baseline study for incoming studies
Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel By 2-((Thiophen-2-Ylmethylene) Amino)Benzenethio in 1M HCl
Authors: Mohammed Iman Mahdi 
Published: May 2023

The impact of a Schiff base namely 2-((thiophen-2-ylmethylene)amino)benzenethiol to corrode mild steel in 1 M HCl resolved was evaluated using different weight loss technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).different weight measurements to expand that the 2-((thiophen-2-ylmethylene) amino) benzenethiol inhibits the corrosion of mild steel through adsorbing of top for mild steel and block the active locality. The inhibitive impacts of 2-((thiophen-2-ylmethylene)amino)benzenethiol increase with increasing concentration and decrease with increasing temperature. SEM to checking revealed that the alloy surface was quite unaffected and formed protective film on its surface. The investigated inhibitor become as a shield for the mild steel surface from corrosive solution. Quantum chemical investigations corroborate experimental results well. The synthesized inhibitor was characterized employing NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopies and CHN elemental analysis.
Alginate-chitosan hydrogels containing shRNA plasmid for inhibition of CTNNB1 expression in breast cancer cell
Authors: Cömez Birnur , Özbaş Suna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The hydrogels prepared with alginate and chitosan polymers were aimed to deliver the shRNA-encoding plasmid (pshRNA) to MDA-MB-231 cells for the inhibition of β-catenin (CTNNB1) which was reported to be over-expressed in breast cancer.
Methods
Polyion complex hydrogels prepared using varying concentrations of sodium alginate and chitosan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analysis, swelling, and degradation properties. After the release properties and serum stability of pshRNA-loaded hydrogels were determined, their cytotoxicity, transfection efficacy, and effects on CTNNB1 expression were investigated in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Results
All hydrogels were shown to protect pshRNA from the enzymatic activity of serum and to deliver pshRNA to cells efficiently. As a result of transfection studies, pshRNA-loaded hydrogels reduced CTNNB1 expression by up to 30.25%. Cell viability also decreased by 38% in cells treated with 2.5% (w/v) alginate-chitosan hydrogel containing pshRNA targeting CTNNB1.
Conclusions
Alginate-chitosan hydrogels were shown to be a suitable matrix system for local gene delivery.
Season, weather and intraocular pressure: a monocentric retrospective analysis from 2016 - 2021
Authors: Wiedenmann Cornelius Jakob , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas , Lübke Jan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

BackgroundWe herein investigate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and environmental factors such as daily mean temperature, daily sunshine duration and daily mean atmospheric pressure.MethodsWe reviewed all IOP measurements of out-patients by non-contact tonometry that had been recorded between 2016 and 2021 (N = 199,804) in the Eye Center, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany. IOP values below 5 and above 30 mm Hg were excluded. No other exclusion criteria applied. Analysis of variance was performed to assess seasonal variations in IOP. We fitted a linear regression model to analyze the respective influences of age at time of measurement, daily mean temperature, daily sunshine duration and daily mean atmospheric pressure on IOP. We also performed cross-correlations to check for periodicity and time lag between IOP and the aforementioned environmental factors.ResultsIOP was highest in January (15.0 ± 3.8 mm Hg) and lowest in July (14.6 ± 3.6 mm Hg). Cross-correlation and Fourier analysis support annual periodicity and a seasonal pattern of IOP. Multiple linear regression revealed a significant negative correlation of daily mean temperature with IOP. Sunshine duration at the day of measurement did not correlate with IOP, but the total sunshine duration of the preceding ten days before measurement revealed a significant negative correlation. Atmospheric pressure missed statistical significance at multifactorial level.ConclusionsWe observed an annual periodic IOP variation with an amplitude of ≈ 0.4 mm Hg. The variation is most likely attributable to a direct effect of environmental temperature and secondly to biological factors triggered by sunshine exposure over the preceding ten days.
Template-based information transfer in chemically fueled dynamic combinatorial librar-ies
Authors: Kriebisch Christine , Burger Ludwig , Zozulia Oleksii , Stasi Michele , Floroni Alexander , Braun Dieter , Gerland Ulrich , Boekhoven Job 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

One of science’s greatest challenges is how life can spontaneously emerge from a mixture of abiotic molecules. A complicating factor is that life is inherently unstable, and, by extension, so are its molecules—RNA and proteins are prone to hydrolysis and denaturation. For the synthesis of life or to better understand its emergence at its origin, selection mechanisms are needed for such inherently unstable molecules. Here, we present a chemically-fueled dynamic combinatorial library as a model for RNA oligomerization and deoligomerization that shines new light on selection and purification mechanisms under kinetic control. In the experiments, nucleotide oligomers can only sustain by continuous production. We find that hybridization is a powerful tool for selecting unstable molecules as it offers feedback on oligomerization and deoligomerization rates. Template-based copying can thereby select molecules of specific lengths and sequences. Moreover, we find that templation can also be used to purify libraries of oligomers. Further, template-based copying within coacervate-based protocells changes its compartment’s physical properties, like their ability to fuse. Such reciprocal coupling between information sequences and physical properties is a key step toward synthetic life.
The Quantum Mechanical Computations of the Conformational, Structural, Electronic and Spectroscopic Properties of 3-Cyanophenylboronic Acide
Authors: UĞURLU Güventürk 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the present study, Conformational analysis of 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (3-CyBA) molecule have been carried by calculating potential energy surface (PES) as a function of two dihedral angles, C1-B-O1-H and C1-B-O2-H, using DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d) level of theory. As a result of PES, molecular conformers corresponding to low energy of title molecule, anti-syn, syn-anti, syn-syn, anti-anti, respectively, have been determined according to the orientations of the hydroxyl groups attached to the boron atom. The geometries of anti-syn, syn-anti, syn-syn, anti-anti, conformers of studied molecule were fully optimized at the Hartree-Fock (HF) and DFT/B3LYP levels of the theory with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set, and compared with its crystal structure in the literature. The vibrational frequencies, infrared (FT-IR) intensities Raman (FT-Raman) scattering activities of all the conformers of the title molecule were calculated both methods, and vibrational assignments were performed by means of potential energy distribution (PED). Also, frontier molecular orbitals, the linear and nonlinear optics parameters, such as the polarizability (α) ground state dipole moment (µ) and the first-order hyperpolarizability (β) of 3-CyBA molecule, were calculated the same methods. The anti-syn conformer is found to be more stable than the syn-anti, syn-syn and anti-anti-conformers by 0.227, 1.078 and 4.577 kcal/mol in HF/6-311++G(d,p) and 0.248, 1.465 and 3.855 kcal/mol in DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory, respectively. UV-visible absorption spectra such as excitation energies, absorption wavelengths (λ) and oscillator power (f) and stimulation contributions of all examined conformers were examined using TD-DFT/B3LYP and TD-HF methods, and transitions were determined.
Postpartum antihypertensive treatment - is there a correlation to placental lesions?
Authors: Kogan Zvia Fridman , Fridland Shir Nahum ,   Hadas Ganer Herman1, Miremberg Hadas , Bustan Mor , Schreiber Letizia , Kovo Michal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to examine the association of clinical risk factors and placental lesions, in gestations complicated with preeclampsia, with the need for antihypertensive treatment in the early postpartum period.
Methods: The computerized files and placental reports of all singleton deliveries at 24.0 - 42.0 weeks complicated by preeclampsia were reviewed between January 2013 and October 2020. Obstetric characteristics and placental lesions were compared between patients who required antihypertensive treatment in the early postpartum period and those who did not (control group). Placentas were classified into maternal and fetal malperfusion lesions and inflammatory responses.
Results: As compared to controls (n=200), the anti-hypertensive treatment group (n=95) was characterized by increased rates of preterm birth, preeclampsia with severe features, and cesarean delivery (p<0.001 for all). More placental hematomas (p=0.01 and placental maternal vascular lesions (p=0.03) were observed in the antihypertensive treatment group as compared to controls. In a logistic regression analysis, gestational age (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.93, p=0.001) and preeclampsia with severe features (OR 8.89, 95% CI 3.18-14.93 p<0.001) were found to be independentlyassociated with the need for postpartum antihypertensive treatment.
Conclusion: Placental vascular lesions are more common in preeclamptic patients who need postpartum antihypertensive treatment, yet only early onset of preeclampsia with severe features was found to be independently associated with antihypertensive treatment in the early postpartum period.
Plasmon-ligand-mediated hydrogen evolution with visible light
Authors: Sa Jacinto , Dey Ananta , Mendalz Amal , Wach Anna , Vadell Robert , Silveira Vitor R. , Leidinger Paul Maurice , Huthwelker Thomas , Shtender Vitalii , Novotny Zbynek , Artiglia Luca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Plasmonic systems convert light into electrical charges and heat that mediate catalytic transformations. However, the debate about the involvement of hot carriers in the catalytic process remains shredded in controversy. Here, we demonstrate the direct use of plasmon hot electrons in the hydrogen evolution with visible light. A plasmonic nanohybrid system consisting of NiO/Au/[CoII(phen-NH2)2(H2O)2] (phen-NH2 = 1,10-Phenanthrolin-5-amine) that is unstable at water thermolysis temperatures was consciously assembled, ensuring that the plasmon contribution to the catalytic process is solely from hot carriers. With the combination of photoelectrocatalysis and advanced in situ spectroscopies, one could establish the reaction mechanism, which consisted of electron injection into the phenanthroline-ligands followed by two quick, concerted proton-coupled electron transfer steps resulting in the evolution of hydrogen. Light-driven hydrogen evolution with plasmons provides a sustainable route for producing green hydrogen, which modern society strives to achieve.
CMIP requirement in T Follicular helper cell highlights its role in the immunopathogenesis of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Sahali Djillali , Savas Berkan , Ali Chloe Ben , Corsaut Gaelle , Vaineau Romain , Nasser Nour , Henique Carole , Zhang Shao-Yu , Chhuon Cerina , Guerrera Chiara , Pawlak Andre , Lafouresse Fanny , Graff-Dubois Stephanie , Audard Vincent , Ollero Mario 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are a specialized type of CD4 T-cell subset that support B cells during the germinal center (GC) reaction and determine the quality of the humoral response. Tfh development is a multistep process in which multiple extracellular and intracellular signals mediate CD4 T-cell differentiation, migration to lymphoid follicles and positioning in GC. Here we show that deletion of Cmip, an adaptor protein, in CD4 T cells prevents GC development and alters the humoral immune response after immunization. Deletion of Cmip shapes the differentiation of CD4 T cells toward a Th1 phenotype, while the Th2 and Tfh programs are inhibited. Cmip-deficient CD4 T cells display strong STAT5 activation and produce higher IL-2 both under resting conditions and after immunization, suggesting that Cmip deletion induces constitutive activation of the STAT5/IL-2 axis, while the Tfh program is inhibited at the early steps of differentiation. On the other hand, the frequency of Foxp3+CD4 T-cell subset is increased in Cmip-deficient mice. Collectively, these results suggest that Cmip is required for Tfh generation and inhibits Th1 and Treg differentiation. We found that CMIP is upregulated in circulating Tfh of patients with active idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and repressed in remission, pointing out the role of Tfh in the immunopathogenesis of the disease.
A New approach to assessing the accuracy of the LULC classification using Remote Sensing &amp; GIS in Greater Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Das Subhankar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on developing an advanced accuracy assessment of supervised LULC-classified remote sensing images in the Greater Mumbai area. The commonly used Kappa index method was found to be problematic in terms of the accuracy of the assessment and interpretation of classified images. Therefore, this research aims to review the commonly used methods, such as the Pixel-based error, and create a new method, such as the unbiased area error matrix. The study also determines which method is better suited for assessing the quality of the classification. The new statistical method involves an unbiased area estimation error matrix that provides an overall assessment of the classification's accuracy, including the User’s accuracy, the Producer's accuracy, and a 95% confidence interval. The nature and magnitude of the errors, their source, and the reasons for errors within each class are identified for both the User’s and the Producer's accuracy. Comparing the unbiased area estimates error matrix to the traditional pixel-based error matrix, this study finds that the unbiased area matrix is more accurate for assessing image classification. Additionally, this paper suggests correcting the identified errors for further improvement in the classification.