bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does routine spirometry impact on clinical decisions and patient-related outcome measures of children seen in respiratory clinics: an open-label randomised controlled trial
Authors: Boonjindasup Wicharn , Marchant Julie M , McElrea Margaret S , Yerkovich Stephanie T , Masters Ian B , Chang Anne B 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThere is limited evidence on the efficacy of using spirometry routinely in paediatric practice for improving outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine whether the routine use of spirometry alters clinical decisions and patient-related outcome measures for children managed by respiratory paediatricians.MethodsWe undertook a parallel open-label randomised controlled trial involving children (aged 4–18 years) able to perform spirometry in a specialist children’s hospital in Australia. Children were randomised to either routine use of spirometry (intervention) or clinical review without use of spirometry (control) for one clinic visit. The primary outcomes were the (a) proportion of children with ‘any change in clinical decisions’ and (b) ‘change score’ in clinical decisions. Secondary outcomes were change in patient-related outcome measures assessed by State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Parent-Proxy QoL questionnaire for paediatric chronic cough (PC-QoL).ResultsOf 136 eligible children, 106 were randomised. Compared with controls, the intervention group had significantly higher proportion of children with ‘any change in clinical decisions’ (n=54/54 (100%) vs n=34/52 (65.4%), p<0.001) and higher clinical decision ‘change score’ (median=2 (IQR 1–4) vs 1 (0–2), p<0.001). Also, improvement was significantly greater in the intervention group for overall STAI score (median=−5 (IQR −10 to –2) vs −2.5 (−8.5, 0), p=0.021) and PC-QoL social domain (median=3 (IQR 0 to 5) vs 0 (−1, 1), p=0.017).ConclusionThe routine use of spirometry in children evaluated for respiratory issues at clinical outpatient review is beneficial for optimising clinical management and improving parent psychosocial well-being.RegistrationAustralia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001686190
Digestibility of western Canadian finishing beef cattle diets when short-season, high-moisture shelled corn and snaplage partially replace dry-rolled barley grain and barley silage
Authors: Carey Rachel E. , Paddock Zachary D. , Ribeiro Gabriel O. , McAllister Tim A. , Penner Gregory B. 
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of substituting barley grain with short-season, high-moisture shelled corn, and barley grain and barley silage with snaplage on ruminal fermentation and the site and extent of digestion in beef cattle fed finishing diets. Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated heifers (420 ± 16.4 kg body weight) were fed a barley grain and silage finishing diet (BG), a diet where half of the barley grain was replaced with high-moisture shelled corn (HC), or a diet where the barley silage and a portion of grain were replaced with snaplage (SN) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. While dry matter and starch intake were unaffected, feeding SN resulted in greater ( P = 0.02) ruminal but not total tract starch digestibility than BG. Ruminal pH did not differ between HC and BG, but SN reduced ( P = 0.02) minimum ruminal pH relative to BG. Feeding BG increased ( P = 0.04) ruminal ammonia concentrations over HC. In conclusion, high-moisture shelled corn can partially replace barley grain with minimal impact on nutrient digestibility or ruminal fermentation, but replacement of barley silage and some barley grain with snaplage may increase the risk of ruminal acidosis.
Radioactive decays of stored highly charged ions
Authors: Litvinov Yury A. , Chen Rui Jiu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDecay properties known in neutral atoms can be altered significantly if all or most bound electrons are removed. Straightforwardly, in fully-ionised nuclei, the decay channels involving electrons are simply disabled. Also decay modes, that are hindered or completely blocked in neutral atoms, may, respectively, become dominant or open up in highly charged ions. Few-electron ions are by themselves clean systems with well-defined quantum numbers, in which the interactions within the remaining electrons can either be excluded or treated precisely, thereby allowing for investigations of the influence of atomic shell on nuclear decay properties. Violent stellar environments characterised by high temperatures and densities lead to high ionisation degrees of nuclides involved in nucleosynthesis processes. In spite of the rich motivation for studying radioactive decays of highly charged ions, intensive measurements became possible only after heavy-ion storage rings coupled to radioactive-ion beam facilities became available. Presented here is a compact review of the relevant experimental techniques and experiments.
A viable $$L_e-L_\mu $$ model with $$\mu \rightarrow e$$ violation
Authors: Ardu Marco , Kirk Fiona 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe extend the Standard Model gauge group by $$U(1)_{L_e-L_\mu }$$

U

(
1
)

L
e

-

L
μ

and introduce two scalars, a doublet and a singlet, that are charged under this new group and have lepton flavour violating couplings. Since in this model $$\mu \rightarrow e$$

μ
→
e

processes can only be mediated by $$\mu \rightarrow \tau \times \tau \rightarrow e$$

μ
→
τ
×
τ
→
e

interactions, bounds from $$\mu \rightarrow e$$

μ
→
e

transitions can be avoided while allowing for accessible new physics. We consider the case of a $$Z'$$

Z
′

boson with a mass of $$M_{Z'}\simeq 10~$$

M

Z
′

≃
10

GeV and a gauge coupling $$g'\simeq 10^{-4}$$

g
′

≃

10

-
4

, which is in reach of Belle-II, and a long-lived $$Z'$$

Z
′

boson with a mass of $$\text {MeV}\lesssim M_{Z'}\lesssim m_\mu -m_e$$

MeV
≲

M

Z
′

≲

m
μ

-

m
e

which can be probed by searching for $$\ell \rightarrow \ell ' +\mathrm {inv.}$$

ℓ
→

ℓ
′

+

inv
.

. Neutrino masses and mixing angles can also be accounted for if sterile neutrinos are added to the spectrum.
Thermodynamics of the glueball resonance gas
Authors: Trotti Enrico , Jafarzade Shahriyar , Giacosa Francesco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the thermodynamic properties – pressure, entropy and trace anomaly – of a gas of glueballs that includes the glueball states obtained by various lattice simulations. We show that this model, called glueball resonance gas (GRG) approach, describes well the thermal properties of the Yang–Mills sector of QCD below the critical temperature $$T_c$$

T
c

, provided that $$T_c$$

T
c

is properly matched to the corresponding determination of the glueball masses, obtaining $$T_c \sim 320 \pm 20$$

T
c

∼
320
±
20

MeV. The inclusion into the GRG of heavier glueballs not yet seen on the lattice, assuming that glueballs follow Regge trajectories as quark-antiquark states do, leads only to a small correction. We consider the contribution to the pressure of the interactions between scalar-scalar and tensor-tensor glueballs, which turn out to be also negligible.
Charged strange star model in Tolman–Kuchowicz spacetime in the background of 5D Einstein–Maxwell–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Rej Pramit , Errehymy Abdelghani , Daoud Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, we provide a new model of static charged anisotropic fluid sphere made of a charged perfect fluid in the context of 5D Einstein–Maxwell–Gauss–Bonnet (EMGB) gravity theory. To generate exact solutions of the EMGB field equations, we utilize the well-behaved Tolman–Kuchowicz (TK) ansatz together with a linear equation of state (EoS) of the form $$p_r=\beta \rho -\gamma $$

p
r

=
β
ρ
-
γ

, (where $$\beta $$
β
and $$\gamma $$
γ
are constants). Here the exterior space-time is described by the EGB Schwarzschild metric. The Gauss–Bonnet Lagrangian term $$\mathcal {L}_{GB}$$

L

GB

is coupled with the Einstein–Hilbert action through the coupling constant $$\alpha $$
α
. When $$\alpha \rightarrow 0$$

α
→
0

, we obtain the general relativity (GR) results. Here we present the solution for the compact star candidate EXO 1785-248 with mass$$=(1.3 \pm 0.2)M_{\odot }$$

=

(
1.3
±
0.2
)

M
⊙

; radius $$= 10_{-1}^{+1}$$

=

10

-
1

+
1

km. respectively. We analyze the effect of this coupling constant $$\alpha $$
α
on the principal characteristics of our model, such as energy density, pressure components, anisotropy factor, sound speed etc. We compare these results with corresponding GR results. Moreover, we studied the hydrostatic equilibrium of the stellar system by using a modified Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation and the dynamical stability through the critical value of the radial adiabatic index.The mass-radius relationship is also established to determine the compactness factor and surface redshift of our model. In this way, the stellar model obtained here is found to satisfy the elementary physical requirements necessary for a physically viable stellar object.
Chemo-Mechanical Analysis of Lithiation/Delithiation of Ni-rich Single Crystals
Authors: Pandurangi Shrinidhi S. , Hall David S. , Grey Clare P. , Deshpande Vikram S. , Fleck Norman A. 
Published: May 2023

Single crystal, Ni-rich layered lithium metal oxides are promising candidates for next-generation cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, these Ni-rich materials display anisotropic swelling and contraction during cycling, and this may lead to the generation of internal stresses and thereby to fracture and capacity loss. In this work, the spatio-temporal evolution of lithium concentration and stress state within a

LiNi

0.8

Mn

0.1

Co

0.1

O

2

(NMC811) single crystal are predicted using a fully coupled chemo-mechanical model. The stress state in the crystal arises from a spatially non-uniform distribution of Li concentration, and from a non-linear dependence of intercalation strain upon lithium concentration. The peak tensile stress is greatest near top-of-charge, due to the high sensitivity of intercalation strain upon lithium occupancy at low concentrations, and the peak tensile stress increases with both cycling rate and particle dimension. Significantly, the predicted peak tensile stress is insufficient to cause basal plane fracture of single crystals when their diameter is below 2.5 μm and the charging and discharging rates are below 5C. This suggests that intraparticle fracture is not a significant degradation mode for well-designed NMC811 single crystals.
Advances in Mapping Tumor Progression from Precancer Atlases
Authors: Chen Zhengyi , Lau Ken S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tissue profiling technologies present opportunities for understanding transition from precancerous lesions to malignancy, which may impact risk stratification, prevention, and even cancer treatment. A human precancer atlas building effort is ongoing to tackle the significant challenge of decoding the heterogeneity among cells, specimens, and patients. Here, we discuss the findings resulting from atlases built across precancer types, including those found in colon, breast, lung, stomach, cervix, and skin, using bulk, single-cell, and spatial profiling strategies. We highlight two main themes that emerge across precancer types: the ordering of molecular events that occur during tumor progression and the fluctuation of microenvironmental response during precancer progression. We further highlight the key challenges of data integration across large cohorts of patients, and the need for computational tools to reliably annotate and quality control high-volume, high-dimensional data.
Evidence for Age Bias Contributing to Therapeutic Inertia in Blood Pressure Management: A Secondary Analysis of SPRINT
Authors: Zheutlin Alexander R. , Addo Daniel K. , Jacobs Joshua A. , Derington Catherine G. , Herrick Jennifer S. , Greene Tom , Stulberg Eric L. , Berlowitz Dan R. , Williamson Jeff D. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Supiano Mark A. , Bress Adam P. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Despite evidence supporting the cardiovascular and cognitive benefits of intensive blood pressure management, older adults have the lowest rates of blood pressure control. We determined the association between age and therapeutic inertia (TI) in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), and whether frailty, cognitive function, or gait speed moderate or mediate these associations.

Methods:
We performed a secondary analysis of SPRINT of participant visits with blood pressure above randomized treatment goal. We categorized baseline age as <60, 60 to <70, 70 to <80, and ≥80 years and TI as no antihypertensive medication intensification per participant visit. Generalized estimating equations generated odds ratios for TI associated with age, stratified by treatment group based on nested models adjusted for baseline frailty index score (fit [frailty index, ≤0.10], less fit [0.10<frailty index≤0.21], and frail [0.21<frailty index]), cognitive function by Montreal cognitive assessment, and gait speed (participants ≥75 years of age), separately.

Results:

Participants 60 to <70, 70 to <80, and ≥80 years of age had a higher prevalence of TI in both treatment groups versus participants <60 years of age (standard: 59.7%, 60.5%, and 60.1% versus 56.0%; 29 527 participant visits; intensive: 55.1%, 57.2%, and 57.8% versus 53.8%; 47 129 participant visits). The adjusted odds ratios for TI comparing participants ≥80 versus <60 years of age were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.14–1.53) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.11–1.41) in the standard and intensive treatment groups, respectively. Adjustment for frailty, cognitive function, or gait speed did not attenuate the association or demonstrate effect modification (all
P
interaction
, >0.10).

Conclusions:
Older age is associated with greater TI independent of physical or cognitive function, implying age bias in hypertension management.
Do Object Affordances Modulate the Sense of Embodiment in Virtual Human--Tool Interaction? Reflection for the Interactive Artificial Environment
Authors: Ventura Sara , Tessari Alessia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Object manipulation is essential to build the surrounding reality, and affordances—the action possibilities offered by the environment—have a crucial role in human--tool interaction. Due to the exponential growth of the metaverse, a research question arises: Does the theoretical model behind the human--tool interaction also work in artificial reality? The present study aimed to investigate the difference in the sense of embodiment in human--tool interaction between usual and unusual objects in an immersive 360-degree video. The environment is a recording of a human arm that interacts with various tools on a table. Forty-four participants took part in the study, and they were randomized into two groups, usual or unusual objects, and in two within-participants conditions, reach to move or reach to use. Results showed no significant difference in the embodiment between usual and unusual objects, demonstrating that the ventral and dorsal streams may perfectly integrate information in the artificial environment as in the real world. Participants felt present in the virtual environment, as demonstrated by the factor location of embodiment, so they believed they could interact with any tools, independently of their affordances. The study contributes to understanding the mechanisms behind human--tool interaction in the artificial environment.
Religion, spirituality and improved glycemic control among people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Weber Jonathan M. , Doolittle Benjamin R. 
Published: May 2023

Objective This systematic review investigates the association between measures of religiosity or spirituality (R/S) and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted for all English language articles published between 1966 and August 2022 in six relevant databases: PubMed, PSYCHinfo, CINAHL, ATLA, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials. Search terms for religious variables included, “religion”, “religiosity”, “spirituality”, “religious attendance”. Search terms for diabetes outcomes included, “diabetes”, “hemoglobin A1c”, “blood glucose”, “glycemic control.” The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Results A total of 758 studies examining correlations between R/S and glycemic control were screened from relevant databases. Forty studies were evaluated for eligibility and inclusion. Eight studies were selected and analyzed. Three studies showed positive associations, two studies showed positive and neutral associations, two studies showed positive and negative associations, and one study showed a neutral association. Limitations included small sample sizes and heterogeneity of study designs. Conclusion Involvement in religious and spiritual practices may be associated with improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Specific mechanisms for associations may be partially explained by more effective self-management practices, increased positive social contacts, and regular community support. Further research is needed to clarify these associations.
Perspectives of Teachers about Online Classes and Their Psychosocial Well-Being During School Reopening Phase: A Cross-sectional Study from North India
Authors: Garg Jasmin , Sharma Namita , Garg Rohit , Jaiswal Shivam 
Published: May 2023

Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, education of children was continued in online mode for an extended period of time. Research from India in the beginning of pandemic indicated that teachers faced numerous challenges while adapting to this new mode of teaching. However, no prior study from India evaluated perspective of teachers regarding online classes and their psychosocial well-being during school reopening phase, which started in Feb 2022. During this period both online and offline classes were being conducted and thus presented the opportunity for better comparison of effects of both systems. Schools still revert to online mode of teaching periodically, but it remains to be seen if it benefits the teachers and students. Methods: It was a cross-sectional online survey-based study. Self-designed questionnaires assessing perspectives of teachers regarding online classes and psychosocial impact were administered. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 was used to measure psychological distress. Results: N = 708 school teachers participated in this survey. A total of 96% of them preferred offline mode of teaching. Several disadvantages of online classes were listed such as connectivity issues, poor interaction with students, poor concentration, and knowledge transfer. Due to online classes, most of them reported increase in working hours, and decrease in leisure time and quality of life. The teachers who conducted online classes (either alone or combined with offline classes), who were employed in private schools and those with lesser family income, had significantly higher psychological distress. Conclusion: According to school teachers, online classes carried many disadvantages. Online classes also decreased the psychosocial well-being of teachers.
Effect of Family Size and Type on Maternal Rejection of Children With ADHD
Authors: Mustafina Aigul , Amitov Sultankozha , Duisenova Sofiya , Mustafin Baurzhan 
Published: May 2023

Objective: This study examined the impact of family size and type on maternal rejection and its relationship with emotional-behavioral difficulties in children with ADHD compared to those typically developing. Method: The participants were mothers of 7- to 12-year-old children with ADHD ( n = 102) and mothers of typically developing children ( n = 102) in Kazakhstan. In this cross-sectional study, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between variables. Results: Family size affected maternal rejection after accounting for children’s emotional-behavioral difficulties only in mothers of children with ADHD. The effect of family type on maternal rejection was statistically significant in both groups. Family size exacerbated the relationship between children’s emotional-behavioral difficulties and maternal rejection only in children with ADHD. The moderating effect of family type was not found in either group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that family size and type contribute to maternal rejection of children with ADHD.
Muscle oxygen utilization and ventilatory parameters during exercise in people with cystic fibrosis: Role of HbA1c
Authors: Quertermous Brooke P , Seigler Nichole , Looney Jacob , Crandall Reva , Simon Abigayle B , Blackburn Marsha , Derella Cassandra C , Blanks Anson , McKie Kathleen T , Forseen Caralee , Harris Ryan A 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Glycated hemoglobin can interfere with oxygen delivery and CO2 removal during exercise. Additionally, pancreatic insufficiency increases oxidative stress and exacerbates exercise intolerance in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). This investigation sought to test the hypotheses that elevated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can negatively affect exercise parameters in PwCF and that reductions in oxidative stress can improve tissue oxygenation in individuals with elevated HbA1c. Methods Twenty four PwCF were divided into two groups; normal HbA1c <5.7% (N-HbA1c) and elevated HbA1c >5.7% (E-HbA1c). A maximal exercise test was conducted to obtain peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), VO2 at ventilatory threshold (VT), ventilatory parameters (VE/VCO2 slope and end-tidal CO2 (petCO2)). Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to assess muscle oxygenated/deoxygenated hemoglobin during exercise. A subset of individuals with E-HbA1cwere given an antioxidant cocktail (AOC) for 4 weeks to determine the effects on tissue oxygenation during exercise. Results A negative relationship between HbA1c and VO2peak at VT was observed (r = −0.511; p = 0.018). In addition, a positive relationship between HbA1c and VE/VCO2 slope ( r = 0.587; p = 0.005) and a negative relationship between HbA1c and petCO2 at maximal exercise ( r = −0.472 ;p = 0.031) was observed. N-HbA1c had greater VO2peak ( p = 0.021), VO2 at VT ( p = 0.004), petCO2 ( p = 0.002), and lower VE/VCO2 slope ( p = 0.004) compared with E-HbA1c. Muscle deoxygenated hemoglobin at VT was higher in N-HbA1c vs. E-HbA1c and 4 weeks of AOC improved skeletal muscle utilization of oxygen. Conclusion Findings demonstrate that glycated hemoglobin may lead to tissue oxygenation impairment and ventilation inefficiency during exercise in PwCF. In addition, antioxidant supplementation may lead to improved tissue oxygenation during exercise.