bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of a low‐grade glioma into a glioblastoma along with the development of lung and mediastinal lymph node metastases after repeated craniotomy: A case report
Authors: Wang Yunan , Yang Hua , Su Jun , Jian Xiaobin , Li Peijie , Zhou Jianguo , Hu Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtracranial metastasis of glioma is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of glioblastoma that originated and showed stepwise malignant transformation from a low‐grade glioma (LGG) along with the presence of lung and mediastinal lymph node metastases after repeated craniotomy. A 30‐year‐old man presented with hemoptysis. Thoracic computed tomography revealed a space‐occupying lesion in the right upper lung with mediastinal nodal and metastases in both lungs; lung cancer was suspected. The patient's medical history showed that he had undergone craniotomy three times in 7 years for a primary LGG disease relapse, and stepwise malignant‐transformed high‐grade glioma (HGG). However, brain magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any relapse of intracranial tumors. The diagnosis of extracranial metastatic glioblastoma was confirmed using the morphology and staining results for specific immunohistochemistry markers using the specimen obtained via endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration. Subsequently, the patient received a combination of systemic and local treatments; however, he died of massive hemoptysis after 6 months. The survival time of this glioma patient improved after transformation and metastasis. Detailed descriptions will help us understand the biological behavior of glioma, but more studies are needed to confirm the complex mechanism of extracranial metastasis.
Efficacy and Safety of Transdermal Abaloparatide in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: A Randomized Study
Authors: Lewiecki E. Michael , Czerwinski Edward , Recknor Chris , Strzelecka Anna , Valenzuela Guillermo , Lawrence Mary , Silverman Stuart , Cardona Jose , Nattrass Susan M. , Binkley Neil , Annett Miriam , Pearman Leny , Mitlak Bruce 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Anabolic therapies, recommended for patients at very high fracture risk, are administered subcutaneously (SC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the abaloparatide microstructured transdermal system (abaloparatide-sMTS) as an alternative to the SC formulation. This phase 3, noninferiority study (NCT04064411) randomly assigned postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (N = 511) 1:1 to open-label abaloparatide administered daily via abaloparatide-sMTS or SC injection for 12 months. The primary comparison between treatment groups was the percentage change in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) at 12 months, with a noninferiority margin of 2.0%. Secondary endpoints included percentage change in total hip and femoral neck BMD, bone turnover markers, dermatologic safety, and new clinical fracture incidence. At 12 months, percentage increase from baseline in lumbar spine BMD was 7.14% (SE: 0.46%) for abaloparatide-sMTS and 10.86% (SE: 0.48%) for abaloparatide-SC (treatment difference: −3.72% [95% confidence interval: −5.01%, −2.43%]). Percentage change in total hip BMD was 1.97% for abaloparatide-sMTS and 3.70% for abaloparatide-SC. Median changes from baseline at 12 months in serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (s-PINP) were 52.6% for abaloparatide-sMTS and 74.5% for abaloparatide-SC. Administration site reactions were the most frequently reported adverse events (abaloparatide-sMTS, 94.4%; abaloparatide-SC, 70.5%). Incidence of serious adverse events was similar between groups. Mild or moderate skin reactions occurred with abaloparatide-sMTS with no identifiable risk factors for sensitization reactions. Few new clinical fractures occurred in either group. Noninferiority of abaloparatide-sMTS to abaloparatide-SC for percentage change in spine BMD at 12 months was not demonstrated; however, clinically meaningful increases from baseline in lumbar spine and total hip BMD were observed in both treatment groups. © 2023 Radius Health, Inc and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the least-squares mean percentage change (SE) from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at 12 months was 7.14% (0.46%) for daily transdermal abaloparatide and 10.86% (0.48%) for daily SC abaloparatide, with a treatment difference of −3.72% (95% CI: −5.01%, −2.43%). Clinically meaningful changes were also seen in total hip BMD.
Adult patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Daoud Dane Christina , Schwenger Katherine J. P. , Jung Hyejung , Lou Wendy , Armstrong David , Raman Matreyi , McHattie J. D. , Duerksen Donald R. , Whittaker Scott , Bielawska Barbara , Jurewitsch Brian , Gramlich Leah , Allard Johane P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTeduglutide is a synthetic glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analogue approved for the treatment of short bowel syndrome associated with chronic intestinal failure (SBS‐IF) in adult patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to reduce parenteral support (PS) requirement. This study aimed to describe the effect of 18‐month treatment with teduglutide, evaluating PS and factors associated with PS volume reduction of ≥20% from baseline and weaning. Two‐year clinical outcomes were also assessed.MethodsThis descriptive cohort study collected data prospectively from adult patients with SBS‐IF treated with teduglutide and enrolled in a national registry. Data were collected every 6 months and included demographics, clinical, biochemical, PS regimen, and hospitalizations.ResultsThirty‐four patients were included. After 2 years, 74% (n = 25) had a PS volume reduction of ≥20% from baseline, and 26% (n = 9) achieved PS independency. PS volume reduction was significantly associated with longer PS duration, significantly lower basal PS energy intake, and absence of narcotics. PS weaning was significantly associated with fewer infusion days, lower PS volume, longer PS duration, and lower narcotics use at baseline. Alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower in weaned patients after 6 and 18 months of treatment. During the 2‐year study duration, patients who had PS volume reduction of ≥20% had significantly fewer yearly hospitalizations and hospital‐days.ConclusionsTeduglutide reduces PS volume and promotes weaning in adults with SBS‐IF. Lack of narcotics and longer PS duration were associated with PS volume reduction and weaning, and lower baseline PS volume and fewer infusion days were favorable in obtaining enteral autonomy.
Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shells as a potential source of dietary fibre: impact of hydrothermal treatment temperature on fibre structure and degradation compounds
Authors: Fuso Andrea , Viscusi Pio , Righetti Laura , Pedrazzani Clara , Rosso Ginevra , Manera Ileana , Rosso Franco , Caligiani Augusta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHemicellulose extraction from lignocellulosic biomasses has gained interest over the years, and hydrothermal treatment is one of the most common methods employed for this purpose. This work aimed to deeply study hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shells as a new source of dietary fibre, evaluating the effect of hydrothermal treatment temperatures on the type and structure of fibre extracted, but also on the formation of side‐products derived from lignocellulose degradation.ResultsDifferent process temperatures led to diverse polysaccharides in the hydrothermal extract. Pectin was identified for the first time in hazelnut shells when experimenting with extraction at 125 °C, whereas at 150 °C a heterogeneous mixture of pectin, xylan, and xylo‐oligosaccharides was present. The highest yield in terms of total fibre was gained at 150 and 175 °C, and then decreased again at 200 °C. Finally, more than 500 compounds from different chemical classes were putatively identified and they appeared to be present in the extracted fibre with a different distribution and relative amount, depending on the heat treatment severity. A generally high content of phenols, phenyls, oligosaccharides, dehydro‐sugars, and furans was observed.ConclusionsModulation of the hydrothermal treatment temperature allows fibre extracts with very different compositions, and therefore different potential end uses, to be obtained from hazelnut shells. A sequential temperature‐based fractionation approach, as a function of the severity of the extraction parameters, can also be considered. Nevertheless, the study of the side‐compounds formed from lignocellulosic matrix degradation, as a function of the applied temperature, needs to be fully addressed for a safe introduction of the fibre extract within the food chain. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of non‐isothermal pyrolysis of Terminalia chebula branches at different heating rates
Authors: Thejaswini Narra , Annapureddy Praveen Kumar Reddy , Rammohan Draksharapu , Kishore Nanda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNon‐isothermal thermogravimetric tests of Terminalia chebula (Helikha) were conducted under inert N2 gas environment for temperatures (25–900°C) at heating rates of 10, 20, 35, and 55°C min−1. Kinetic triplet approximated employing five iso‐conversional methods namely, differential Friedman method (DFM), distributed activation method (DAEM), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Starink (STK). Average values of activation energy (kJ mol−1) and frequency factor (min−1) calculated by the five models were 227.11, 2.98 × 1021 for DFM; 229.21, 4.63 × 1021 for KAS; 227.11, 3.81 × 1020 for OFW; 225.54, 1.15 × 1018 for STK; and 227.33, 3.02 × 1020 for DAEM respectively over the conversion range up to 0.8. In the kinetics study, correlation coefficient (R2) of greater than 0.97 is noticed in the conversion range of α = 0.1–0.8 for all models. From thermodynamic analysis, average values of ΔH (kJ mol−1), ΔG (kJ mol−1), and ΔS (kJ mol−1 K−1) for DAEM: 221.8, 179.69, and 0.065; for DFM: 236.40, 179.37, and 0.089; for KAS: 221.8, 179.69, and 0.065; for OFW: 220.22, 179.72, and 0.063; and for STK: 222.02, 179.68, and 0.066 were estimated to assess viability and reactivity of the process. Criado's master plots revealed that the data obtained from pyrolysis of selected biomass was followed a multistep reaction pathway.
Does digital transformation promote the volatility of firms' innovation investment?
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Rende , Xie Qiaoxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the advent of the digital age, digital transformation has become an important way for enterprises to enhance their competitiveness. Using a large sample of Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2008 to 2019, we explore the impact of digital transformation on firms' innovation investment volatility. The research conclusions include the following aspects: (1) There is a positive correlation between digital transformation and innovation investment volatility. Mechanism analysis digital transformation promotes the volatility of firms' innovation investment by alleviating financing constraints and enhancing the ability to identify and seize innovation opportunities. (2) The positive correlation between digital transformation and the volatility of firms' innovation investment is more obvious in large‐sized enterprises and non‐high‐tech industrial enterprises. (3) Digital transformation reinforces the positive correlation between the volatility of firms' innovation investment and firms' patent applications for invention. This research expands the relevant research on the micro‐consequences of digital transformation and innovation strategy from a dynamic perspective.
Quantitative performance of photon‐counting CT at low dose: Virtual monochromatic imaging and iodine quantification
Authors: Vrbaski Stevan , Bache Steve , Rajagopal Jayasai , Samei Ehsan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative imaging techniques, such as virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) and iodine quantification (IQ), have proven valuable diagnostic methods in several specific clinical tasks such as tumor and tissue differentiation. Recently, a new generation of computed tomography (CT) scanners equipped with photon‐counting detectors (PCD) has reached clinical status.PurposeThis work aimed to investigate the performance of a new photon‐counting CT (PC‐CT) in low‐dose quantitative imaging tasks, comparing it to an earlier generation CT scanner with an energy‐integrating detector dual‐energy CT (DE‐CT). The accuracy and precision of the quantification across size, dose, material types (including low and high iodine concentrations), displacement from iso‐center, and solvent (tissue background) composition were explored.MethodsQuantitative analysis was performed on two clinical scanners, Siemens SOMATOM Force and NAEOTOM Alpha using a multi‐energy phantom with plastic inserts mimicking different iodine concentrations and tissue types. The tube configurations in the dual‐energy scanner were 80/150Sn kVp and 100/150Sn kVp, while for PC‐CT both tube voltages were set to either 120 or 140 kVp with photon‐counting energy thresholds set at 20/65 or 20/70 keV. The statistical significance of patient‐related parameters in quantitative measurements was examined using ANOVA and pairwise comparison with the posthoc Tukey honest significance test. Scanner bias was assessed in both quantitative tasks for relevant patient‐specific parameters.ResultsThe accuracy of IQ and VMI in the PC‐CT was comparable between standard and low radiation doses (p < 0.01). The patient size and tissue type significantly affect the accuracy of both quantitative imaging tasks in both scanners. The PC‐CT scanner outperforms the DE‐CT scanner in the IQ task in all cases. Iodine quantification bias in the PC‐CT (−0.9 ± 0.15 mg/mL) at low doses in our study was comparable to that of DE‐CT (range ‐2.6 to 1.5 mg/mL, published elsewhere) at a 1.7× higher dose, but the dose reduction severely biased DE‐CT (4.72 ± 0.22 mg/mL). The accuracy in Hounsfield units (HU) estimation was comparable for 70 and 100 keV virtual imaging between scanners, but PC‐CT was significantly underestimating virtual 40 keV HU values of dense materials in the phantom representing the extremely obese population.ConclusionsThe statistical analysis of our measurements reveals better IQ at lower radiation doses using new PC‐CT. Although VMI performance was mostly comparable between the scanners, the DE‐CT scanner quantitatively outperformed PC‐CT when estimating HU values in the specific case of very large phantoms and dense materials, benefiting from increased X‐ray tube potentials.
A music‐with‐movement exercise programme for community‐dwelling older adults suffering from chronic pain: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tse Mimi M. Y. , Yan Elsie , Tang Angel S. K. , Cheung Daphne , Ng Shamay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThis study developed, implemented and tested the effectiveness of a music‐with‐movement exercise programme in improving the pain situations of older adults with chronic pain.DesignA pilot randomized controlled trial.MethodsThis was a pilot randomized controlled trial. The intervention was an 8‐week music‐with‐movement exercise (MMEP) programme for older adults with chronic pain recruited in elders’ community centres. The control group received the usual care and a pain management pamphlet. Outcome variables were pain intensity, pain self‐efficacy and pain interference, depression and loneliness.ResultsSeventy‐one participants joined this study. Pain intensity was significantly reduced between the experimental group compared to the control group. The experimental group participants reported significant improvements in pain self‐efficiency, pain interference and reduced loneliness and depressive symptoms. However, no significant difference was observed between groups.
A numerical method for ℋ2$$ {\mathscr{H}}_2 $$ control of linear delay systems
Authors: Hu Renhong , Mei Jie , Ma Guangfu 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the output feedback stabilization of linear delay systems with exogenous disturbances. Based on the norm, an optimization problem is formulated for the suppression of exogenous disturbances in the linear delay systems. The effectiveness of the presented approach is demonstrated via several numerical examples.
Y‐Chromosome‐Linked Genes Are Associated With Sex‐Related Head‐Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Survival
Authors: Feng Xin , Zhang Tan , Chou Jeff , Patwa Hafiz S. , Sullivan Christopher A. , Browne J. Dale 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo define novel gene biomarkers for prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients' survival.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC RNA‐Seq dataset.MethodsCoexpressed gene clusters were extracted from TCGA RNA‐seq data using our previously published method (EPIG). Kaplan‐Meier estimator was then used for overall survival‐relevant analysis, with patients partitioned into 3 groups based on gene expression levels: female, male_low, and male_high.ResultsMale had better overall survival than female and male with higher expression level of Y‐chromosome‐linked (Y‐linked) genes had significantly better survival than those with lower expression levels. In addition, male with a higher expression level of Y‐linked genes showed even better survival when they have a higher level of coexpressed cluster of genes related to B or T cell immune response. Other clinical conditions related to immune responses also consistently showed favorable effects on the Y‐linked genes for survival estimation. Male patients with higher expression level of Y‐linked genes also have significantly higher tumor/normal tissue (T/N) ratio of those genes and higher level of several immune responses related clinical measurements (eg, lymphocyte and TCR related). Male patients with lower expression level of Y‐linked genes benefited from radiation‐only treatment.ConclusionsThe favorable role of a cluster of coexpressed Y‐linked genes in HNSCC patients' survival is potentially associated with elevated level of immune responses. These Y‐linked genes could serve as useful prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC patients' survival estimation and treatment.
A review of the phenomenology, aetiology and treatment of animal phobia and insights for biophobia
Authors: Norberg Melissa M. , Visvalingam Shanara , Stevenson Richard J. , Saluja Supreet 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Biophobia refers to a fear of living things, which leads to alienation from nature. The literature examining the underlying mechanisms and treatment of biophobia is sparse.

This review aims to increase the readers' understanding of biophobia by examining the more extensive literature on specific phobias, namely animal phobia, as it most closely resembles biophobia.

Fear, anxiety and disgust play an important role in specific phobias. Their triggers and functions are reviewed in the context of animal phobia.

Theoretical models for specific phobias suggest that phobias develop because genetically linked behavioural patterns interact with normal development fears and environmental factors. Phobias are then maintained by cognitive and behavioural mechanisms.

Exposure therapy, the gold standard treatment for specific phobia, functions to override the maladaptive stimulus–stimulus and stimulus‐response associations responsible for animal and other specific phobias. Its delivery and efficacy are reviewed.

We recommend that readers interested in biophobia use the existing knowledge on animal phobia and specific phobia in general to treat biophobia and generate research hypotheses for future study.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Syndromic congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Current incidence and outcome. Analysis from the congenital diaphragmatic hernia study group registry
Authors: Burgos Carmen Mesas , Gupta Vikas S. , Conner Peter , Frenckner Björn , Lally Kevin P. , Ebanks Ashley H. , Harting Matthew T. ,   For The Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe the incidence of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, CDH, associated with known or clinically suspected syndromes, and the postnatal outcomes from a large database for CDH.MethodsData from the multicenter, multinational database on infants with CDH (Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group Registry) born from 1996 to 2020 were analyzed. Patients with known or suspected syndromes were grouped and outcome data were analyzed and compared to those without syndromic features.ResultsA total of 12,553 patients were entered in the registry during the study period, and 421 had reported known syndromes, representing 3.4% of all CDH cases in the registry. A total of 50 different associated syndromes were reported. In addition to those with clinically suspected genetic conditions, a total rate of genetic syndromes with CDH was 8.2%. The overall survival to discharge for syndromic CDH was 34% and for non‐syndromic CDH was 76.7%. The most common were syndromes Fryns syndrome (19.7% of all syndromes, 17% survival), trisomy 18 or Edward syndrome (17.5%, 9% survival), trisomy 21 or Down syndrome (9%, 47% survival), trisomy 13 or Patau syndrome (6.7%, 14% survival), Cornelia de Lange syndrome (6.4% of all syndromes, 22% survival) and Pallister‐Killian syndrome (5.5% of all syndromes, 39.1% survival). In addition, 379 cases had reported chromosomal anomalies and 233 cases had clinically suspected syndromes, based on two more dysmorphic features or malformations in addition to CDH, but without molecular diagnosis.The syndromic CDH group had lower birth weight and gestational age at birth and increased incidence of bilateral CDH (2.9%) and rates of non‐repair (53%). The length of hospital stay was longer, and larger number of patients needed O2 at 30 days. Extracorporeal life support was used only in 15% of the cases. Those who underwent surgical repair had survival to discharge rates of 73%.ConclusionSyndromic CDH is rare and only 3.4% of the reported cases of CDH have a known syndrome or association, but, if including patients with two dysmorphic features malformations, in addition to CDH, altogether as many as 8.2% have a diagnosed or suspected genetic condition. These children have with lower survival rates. Given higher rates of non‐repair and decreased extracorporeal life support use, along with a high early mortality, decision‐making regarding goals of care clearly influences outcomes. Survival varies depending on the genetic cause. Early genetic diagnosis is important and may influence the decision‐making.