bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent stress impairs postpartum social behavior via anterior insula-prelimbic pathway in mice
Authors: Kin Kyohei , Francis-Oliveira Jose , Kano Shin-ichi , Niwa Minae 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdolescent stress can be a risk factor for abnormal social behavior in the postpartum period, which critically affects an individual social functioning. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a mouse model with optogenetics and in vivo calcium imaging, we found that adolescent psychosocial stress, combined with pregnancy and delivery, caused hypofunction of the glutamatergic pathway from the anterior insula to prelimbic cortex (AI-PrL pathway), which altered PrL neuronal activity, and in turn led to abnormal social behavior. Specifically, the AI-PrL pathway played a crucial role during recognizing the novelty of other mice by modulating “stable neurons” in PrL, which were constantly activated or inhibited by novel mice. We also observed that glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the AI-PrL pathway had a causal role in stress-induced postpartum changes. Our findings provide functional insights into a cortico-cortical pathway underlying adolescent stress-induced postpartum social behavioral deficits.
Oceanic mesoscale eddies as crucial drivers of global marine heatwaves
Authors: Bian Ce , Jing Zhao , Wang Hong , Wu Lixin , Chen Zhaohui , Gan Bolan , Yang Haiyuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged extreme warm water events in the ocean, exerting devastating impacts on marine ecosystems. A comprehensive knowledge of physical processes controlling MHW life cycles is pivotal to improve MHW forecast capacity, yet it is still lacking. Here, we use a historical simulation from a global eddy-resolving climate model with improved representation of MHWs, and show that heat flux convergence by oceanic mesoscale eddies acts as a dominant driver of MHW life cycles over most parts of the global ocean. In particular, the mesoscale eddies make an important contribution to growth and decay of MHWs, whose characteristic spatial scale is comparable or even larger than that of mesoscale eddies. The effect of mesoscale eddies is spatially heterogeneous, becoming more dominant in the western boundary currents and their extensions, the Southern Ocean, as well as the eastern boundary upwelling systems. This study reveals the crucial role of mesoscale eddies in controlling the global MHW life cycles and highlights that using eddy-resolving ocean models is essential, albeit not necessarily fully sufficient, for accurate MHW forecasts.
Ant venoms contain vertebrate-selective pain-causing sodium channel toxins
Authors: Robinson Samuel D. , Deuis Jennifer R. , Touchard Axel , Keramidas Angelo , Mueller Alexander , Schroeder Christina I. , Barassé Valentine , Walker Andrew A. , Brinkwirth Nina , Jami Sina , Bonnafé Elsa , Treilhou Michel , Undheim Eivind A. B. , Schmidt Justin O. , King Glenn F. , Vetter Irina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStings of certain ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) can cause intense, long-lasting nociception. Here we show that the major contributors to these symptoms are venom peptides that modulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, reducing their voltage threshold for activation and inhibiting channel inactivation. These peptide toxins are likely vertebrate-selective, consistent with a primarily defensive function. They emerged early in the Formicidae lineage and may have been a pivotal factor in the expansion of ants.
Concurrent multi-peak Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging of 3D nanocrystal lattice displacement via global optimization
Authors: Maddali Siddharth , Frazer Travis D. , Delegan Nazar , Harmon Katherine J. , Sullivan Sean E. , Allain Marc , Cha Wonsuk , Dibos Alan , Poudyal Ishwor , Kandel Saugat , Nashed Youssef S. G. , Heremans F. Joseph , You Hoydoo , Cao Yue , Hruszkewycz Stephan O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we demonstrated a method to reconstruct vector-valued lattice distortion fields within nanoscale crystals by optimization of a forward model of multi-reflection Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (MR-BCDI) data. The method flexibly accounts for geometric factors that arise when making BCDI measurements, is amenable to efficient inversion with modern optimization toolkits, and allows for globally constraining a single image reconstruction to multiple Bragg peak measurements. This is enabled by a forward model that emulates the multiple Bragg peaks of a MR-BCDI experiment from a single estimate of the 3D crystal sample. We present this forward model, we implement it within the stochastic gradient descent optimization framework, and we demonstrate it with simulated and experimental data of nanocrystals with inhomogeneous internal lattice displacement. We find that utilizing a global optimization approach to MR-BCDI affords a reliable path to convergence of data which is otherwise challenging to reconstruct.
Solar technology‒closed loop synergy facilitates low-carbon circular bioeconomy in microalgal wastewater treatment
Authors: Kuppan Praveen , Sudharsanam Abinandan , Venkateswarlu Kadiyala , Megharaj Mallavarapu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe circular bioeconomy framework addresses the global transition toward resource-efficient and low-carbon economies. The use of microalgae in sustainable circular bioeconomy largely suffers from energy consumption and underutilization of residual biomass, leading to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This analysis-based perspective reveals that closed loop microalgal wastewater systems reduce GHG emissions by >50% and enhance valorization of residual biomass for value-added products compared to open loop approach. Integrating solar technologies in closed loop system further reduces GHG emissions by 99% and aligns with 11 UN sustainable development goals, making it a suitable model for a zero-waste and low-carbon circular bioeconomy.
Eighteen years of upland grassland carbon flux data: reference datasets, processing, and gap-filling procedure
Authors: Winck Bruna R. , Bloor Juliette M. G. , Klumpp Katja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlant-atmosphere exchange fluxes of CO2 measured with the Eddy covariance method are used extensively for the assessment of ecosystem carbon budgets worldwide. The present paper describes eddy flux measurements for a managed upland grassland in Central France studied over two decades (2003–2021). We present the site meteorological data for this measurement period, and we describe the pre-processing and post-processing approaches used to overcome issues of data gaps, commonly associated with long-term EC datasets. Recent progress in eddy flux technology and machine learning now paves the way to produce robust long-term datasets, based on normalised data processing techniques, but such reference datasets remain rare for grasslands. Here, we combined two gap-filling techniques, Marginal Distribution Sampling (short gaps) and Random Forest (long gaps), to complete two reference flux datasets at the half-hour and daily-scales respectively. The resulting datasets are valuable for assessing the response of grassland ecosystems to (past) climate change, but also for model evaluation and validation with respect to future global change research with the carbon-cycle community.
Semantic modeling of cell damage prediction: a machine learning approach at human-level performance in dermatology
Authors: Wagner Patrick , Springenberg Maximilian , Kröger Marius , Moritz Rose K. C. , Schleusener Johannes , Meinke Martina C. , Ma Jackie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMachine learning is transforming the field of histopathology. Especially in classification related tasks, there have been many successful applications of deep learning already. Yet, in tasks that rely on regression and many niche applications, the domain lacks cohesive procedures that are adapted to the learning processes of neural networks. In this work, we investigate cell damage in whole slide images of the epidermis. A common way for pathologists to annotate a score, characterizing the degree of damage for these samples, is the ratio between healthy and unhealthy nuclei. The annotation procedure of these scores, however, is expensive and prone to be noisy among pathologists. We propose a new measure of damage, that is the total area of damage, relative to the total area of the epidermis. In this work, we present results of regression and segmentation models, predicting both scores on a curated and public dataset. We have acquired the dataset in collaborative efforts with medical professionals. Our study resulted in a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed damage metrics in the epidermis, with recommendations, emphasizing practical relevance for real world applications.
2D tunable all-solid-state random laser in the visible
Authors: Kumar Bhupesh , Homri Ran , Sebbah Patrick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA two-dimensional (2D) solid-state random laser emitting in the visible is demonstrated, in which optical feedback is provided by a controlled disordered arrangement of air-holes in a dye-doped polymer film. We find an optimal scatterer density for which threshold is minimum and scattering is the strongest. We show that the laser emission can be red-shifted by either decreasing scatterer density or increasing pump area. We show that spatial coherence is easily controlled by varying pump area. Such a 2D random laser provides with a compact on-chip tunable laser source and a unique platform to explore non-Hermitian photonics in the visible.
Bivariate logistic regression model diagnostics applied to analysis of outlier cancer patients with comorbid diabetes and hypertension in Malawi
Authors: Kaombe Tsirizani M. , Banda Jonathan Chiwanda , Hamuza Gracious A. , Muula Adamson S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe joint occurrence of diabetes and hypertension conditions in a patient is common. The two diseases share a number of risk factors, and are hence usually modelled concurrently using bivariate logistic regression. However, the postestimation assessment for the model, such as analysis of outlier observations, is seldom carried out. In this article, we apply outlier detection methods for multivariate data models to study characteristics of cancer patients with joint outlying diabetes and hypertension outcomes observed from among 398 randomly selected cancer patients at Queen Elizabeth and Kamuzu Central Hospitals in Malawi. We used R software version 4.2.2 to perform the analyses and STATA version 12 for data cleaning. The results showed that one patient was an outlier to the bivariate diabetes and hypertension logit model. The patient had both diabetes and hypertension and was based in rural area of the study population, where it was observed that comorbidity of the two diseases was uncommon. We recommend thorough analysis of outlier patients to comorbid diabetes and hypertension before rolling out interventions for managing the two diseases in cancer patients to avoid misaligned interventions. Future research could perform the applied diagnostic assessments for the bivariate logit model on a wider and larger dataset of the two diseases.
Sting and p53 DNA repair pathways are compromised in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Nelson Thomas J. , Xu Yunhui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A common finding in AD is DNA damage. Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are particularly hazardous to neurons because their post-mitotic state forces neurons to rely on error-prone and potentially mutagenic mechanisms to repair DNA breaks. However, it remains unclear whether DNA damage results from increased DNA damage or failure of DNA repair. Oligomerization of the tumor suppressor protein p53 is an essential part of DSB repair, and p53 phosphorylated on S15 is an indicator of DNA damage. We report that the monomer:dimer ratio of phosphorylated (S15) p53 is increased by 2.86-fold in temporal lobes of AD patients compared to age-matched controls, indicating that p53 oligomerization is compromised in AD. In vitro oxidation of p53 with 100 nM H2O2 produced a similar shift in the monomer:dimer ratio. A COMET test showed a higher level of DNA degradation in AD consistent with double-strand DNA damage or inhibition of repair. Protein carbonylation was also elevated (190% of control), indicating elevated oxidative stress in AD patients. Levels of the DNA repair support protein 14-3-3σ, γ-H2AX, a phosphorylated histone marking double strand DNA breaks, and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein were all increased. cGAS-STING-interferon signaling was impaired in AD and was accompanied by a depletion of STING protein from Golgi and a failure to elevate interferon despite the presence of DSBs. The results suggest that oxidation of p53 by ROS could inhibit the DDR and decrease its ability to orchestrate DSB repair by altering the oligomerization state of p53. The failure of immune-stimulated DNA repair may contribute to cell loss in AD and suggests new therapeutic targets for AD.
Evaluating the effect of gamma rays on Zamiifolia (Zamioculcas zamiifolia) plant in vitro and genetic diversity of the resulting genotypes using the ISSR marker
Authors: Beyramizadeh Ebrahim , Arminian Ali , Fazeli Arash 
Published: May 2023

AbstractZamiifolia (Zamioculcas sp.) is a perennial plant in the Araceae family and one of the new apartment plants in the world. In this study, in order to increase the effectiveness of the breeding program, tissue culture technique and explants of leaf parts were used. The results indicated that 2,4-D (1 mg/l) and BA (2 mg/l) hormones affected positively and significantly callus formation and simultaneous application of NAA and BA (both in 0.5 mg/l) caused the best results regarding seedling production and number, leaves, complete tubers, and root in tissue culture of Zaamifolia. In the study, three cultivars of Zamiifolia (green, black and Dutch) and 12 genotypes resulted from callus formation stage, irradiated with different gamma rays (0 to 175 Gy, with LD50 as 68 Gy) were selected and the presence of genetic diversity was investigated using 22 ISSR primers. Applying ISSR marker showed that the highest amount of PIC values related to the F19(0.47) and F20(0.38) primers, which persuasively isolated the studied genotypes. Moreover, the highest efficiency was detected for AK66 marker based on the MI parameter. The PCA and clustering categorization via UPGMA methodology based on molecular information and Dice index, differentiated the genotypes into 6 groups. Genotypes 1(callus), 2(100 Gy) and 3(cultivar from Holland) created separated groups. The 4th group included 6(callus), 8(0 Gy), 9(75 Gy), 11(90 Gy), 12(100 Gy) and 13(120 Gy) genotypes appearing as the largest group. The 5th group included 7(160 Gy), 10(80 Gy), 14(140 Gy) and 15(Zanziber gem black) genotypes. The last group included 4(mather plant) and 5(callus) genotypes. In this context, genotypes 1, 5, and 6 had probably somaclonal variation. Moreover, genotypes that received doses of 100 and 120 Gy, had a medium diversity. There is a high possibility of introducing a cultivar with a low dose and high genetic diversity in the whole group. Genotype 7 in this classification, received the highest dose of 160 Gy. In this population, the Dutch variety, was used as a new variety. As a result, the ISSR marker could correctly group the genotypes. This is an interesting finding, and it could be hypothesized that the ISSR marker could correctly differentiate Zaamifolia genotypes and probably other ornamental plants under the effect of gamma rays mutagenesis in order to achieve novel variants.
Essential metabolism required for T and B lymphocyte functions: an update
Authors: Diniz Vinicius Leonardo Sousa , Alvares-Saraiva Anuska Marcelino , Serdan Tamires Duarte Afonso , dos Santos-Oliveira Laiane Cristina , Cruzat Vinicius , Lobato Tiago Bertola , Manoel Richelieau , Alecrim Amanda Lins , Machado Otavio Augusto , Hirabara Sandro M. , Masi Laureane Nunes , Pithon-Curi Tania Cristina , Curi Rui , Gorjão Renata , Newsholme Philip 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lymphocytes act as regulatory and effector cells in inflammation and infection situations. A metabolic switch towards glycolytic metabolism predominance occurs during T lymphocyte differentiation to inflammatory phenotypes (Th1 and Th17 cells). Maturation of T regulatory cells, however, may require activation of oxidative pathways. Metabolic transitions also occur in different maturation stages and activation of B lymphocytes. Under activation, B lymphocytes undergo cell growth and proliferation, associated with increased macromolecule synthesis. The B lymphocyte response to an antigen challenge requires an increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply derived mainly through glycolytic metabolism. After stimulation, B lymphocytes increase glucose uptake, but they do not accumulate glycolytic intermediates, probably due to an increase in various metabolic pathway ‘end product’ formation. Activated B lymphocytes are associated with increased utilization of pyrimidines and purines for RNA synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. The generation of plasmablasts and plasma cells from B lymphocytes is crucial for antibody production. Antibody production and secretion require increased glucose consumption since 90% of consumed glucose is needed for antibody glycosylation. This review describes critical aspects of lymphocyte metabolism and functional interplay during activation. We discuss the primary fuels for the metabolism of lymphocytes and the particularities of T and B cell metabolism, including the differentiation of lymphocytes, stages of development of B cells, and the production of antibodies.
Data‐driven iterative learning trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robot under constraint of velocity saturation
Authors: Bu Xiaodong , Dai Xisheng , Hou Rui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConsidering the wheeled mobile robot (WMR) tracking problem with velocity saturation, we developed a data‐driven iterative learning double loop control method with constraints. First, the authors designed an outer loop controller to provide virtual velocity for the inner loop according to the position and pose tracking error of the WMR kinematic model. Second, the authors employed dynamic linearisation to transform the dynamic model into an online data‐driven model along the iterative domain. Based on the measured input and output data of the dynamic model, the authors identified the parameters of the inner loop controller. The authors considered the velocity saturation constraints; we adjusted the output velocity of the WMR online, providing effective solutions to the problem of velocity saltation and the saturation constraint in the tracking process. Notably, the inner loop controller only uses the output data and input of the dynamic model, which not only enables the reliable control of WMR trajectory tracking, but also avoids the influence of inaccurate model identification processes on the tracking performance. The authors analysed the algorithm's convergence in theory, and the results show that the tracking errors of position, angle and velocity can converge to zero in the iterative domain. Finally, the authors used a simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Review of multiport modular multilevel converters for residential applications: A control perspective
Authors: Adams Stephan , Sera Dezso , Walker Geoffrey , Broadmeadow Mark 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDistributed generation and storage systems have become important in the residential building environment. One of the more promising power electronic interfaces between these systems and the grid/building are multiport modular multilevel converters (MPMMCs). These converters can potentially improve efficiency and flexibility, however their control can pose challenges. Here, MPMMC topologies will be reviewed and analysed from a control standpoint (i.e. what control structures they require and what control outcomes they can achieve). This paper first determines a criteria for selecting a MPMMC for a residential building. It then presents a set of review criteria that can be used as guide for future multiport multilevel modular converters. It then applies these review criteria to analyse the converters that passed the selection criteria. Based on a detailed comparison of these topologies an appropriate multiport modular multilevel solution can be arrived at for a given application.
Like, Comment, and Share: Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Social Media for Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Diehm Emily A. , Hall-Mills Shannon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany social media sites are dedicated for speech-language pathologists (SLPs); however, the extent to which SLPs utilize them in clinical decision making and evidence-based practice (EBP) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore SLPs' use of traditional and modern resources, including social media, within clinical decision making for assessment and intervention practices. Using a stratified random sampling approach, we invited school-based SLPs in Florida and Ohio and on pediatric-focused, SLP Facebook sites to complete an online survey. The majority (N = 271) reported using social media for professional purposes at least once per week: most frequently Facebook (19–25% of SLPs) or Pinterest (15–18% of SLPs) to learn about new treatment ideas or resources for (12–18%) or read others' summaries of treatment-related research (8–11%), but rarely to pose or answer a clinical question (3–5%). The number of reasons for one's professional social media use was moderately correlated with frequency of social media use, traditional EBP training, and reading a greater number of articles from ASHA and other sources. The results warrant further consideration of how to leverage social media as a tool to increase SLPs' knowledge and implementation of EBP.
Facilitators and Barriers to Speech Intervention of Patients with Orofacial Cleft in the Philippines: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chan Kerwyn Jim C. , Adique Larissa Christia F. , Reyes-Brander Kathy B. , Maristela Steven Angelo J. , Tort Ken Kristoffer A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost individuals with orofacial cleft require various healthcare services, including speech therapy. However, Filipino patients constantly face challenges in availing these services due to limitations in the healthcare system of the Philippines. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of patients with orofacial cleft on the factors that may serve as facilitators and barriers to speech intervention. A descriptive phenomenological approach to qualitative research was used to obtain an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of these patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted through online video conferences or mobile phone calls. Twenty-one participants were interviewed, most of who were mothers (90%) of children with orofacial cleft. Ten themes were derived from the transcripts. Five were categorized as facilitators, while the rest were considered as barriers. Generally, the respondents showed positive attitudes toward orofacial cleft, were aware of the communication and swallowing issues of the patients, and actively sought services to address these issues. Most barriers to speech intervention resulted from limited access to quality healthcare services and information. These findings highlight the importance of considering patient perspectives in clinical care. Maximizing facilitators and addressing barriers may improve access to universal healthcare among Filipinos with orofacial cleft.