bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network analysis of 16S rRNA sequences suggests microbial keystone taxa contribute to marine N2O cycling
Authors: Jameson Brett D. , Murdock Sheryl A. , Ji Qixing , Stevens Catherine J. , Grundle Damian S. , Kim Juniper S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms by which large-scale microbial community function emerges from complex ecological interactions between individual taxa and functional groups remain obscure. We leveraged network analyses of 16S rRNA amplicon sequences obtained over a seven-month timeseries in seasonally anoxic Saanich Inlet (Vancouver Island, Canada) to investigate relationships between microbial community structure and water column N2O cycling. Taxa separately broadly into three discrete subnetworks with contrasting environmental distributions. Oxycline subnetworks were structured around keystone aerobic heterotrophs that correlated with nitrification rates and N2O supersaturations, linking N2O production and accumulation to taxa involved in organic matter remineralization. Keystone taxa implicated in anaerobic carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling in anoxic environments clustered together in a low-oxygen subnetwork that correlated positively with nitrification N2O yields and N2O production from denitrification. Close coupling between N2O producers and consumers in the anoxic basin is indicated by strong correlations between the low-oxygen subnetwork, PICRUSt2-predicted nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) gene abundances, and N2O undersaturation. This study implicates keystone taxa affiliated with common ODZ groups as a potential control on water column N2O cycling and provides a theoretical basis for further investigations into marine microbial interaction networks.
Dating mylonitic overprinting of ancient rocks
Authors: Kirkland Christopher L. , Olierook Hugo K. H. , Danišík Martin , Liebmann Janne , Hollis Julie , Ribeiro Bruno V. , Rankenburg Kai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeformation in shear zones is difficult to date because mylonites can preserve partially reset pre-existing isotopic signatures. However, mylonites can be key structural elements in terrane recognition, so an accurate estimation of their age is important. Here we determine the in situ Rb–Sr isotopic composition of mica from major NE-SW trending mylonitic zones in the Archean Akia Terrane of Greenland and complement this information with inverse thermal history modelling. Rb–Sr isochrons indicate a dominant age of radiogenic-Sr accumulation in biotite of around 1750 million years (Ma) ago. Yet, magmatic titanite is unreset yielding a U–Pb age of around 2970 Ma. These constraints require that biotite Rb–Sr directly dates mylonitic fabric generation. The 1750 Ma mylonites, associated with the Proterozoic Nagssugtoqidian Orogeny, overprint Archean crust widely regarded as preserving evidence of early Earth horizontal tectonics.
An accurate shared bicycle detection network based on faster R‐CNN
Authors: Li Lingqiao , Wang Xiangkai , Yang Mengyu , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDetecting shared bicycles is an essential and challenging task. Deep learning has been widely used in object detection tasks in urban scenes, such as vehicle detection. However, deep learning algorithms still face many difficulties and challenges in shared bicycle detection. For example, the problem of large deformation of shared bicycles and the problem of small targets because the camera is far away from the shared bicycles. In order to solve these problems, this study introduces the feature fusion module and deformable convolution into the object detection network, which improves the efficiency of shared bicycle detection. This study proposes an enhanced faster R‐CNN network (A classic two‐stage object detection network) for shared bicycle detection and a shared bicycle dataset (SBD) is constructed for model training and testing. Compared with the original faster R‐CNN, the mean average precision (mAP) of the enhanced method on SBD is improved by 13%, which indicates that the method provided in this study is more suitable for detecting shared bicycles. This study also conducts experiments on the Microsoft Common Objects (COCO) dataset, where this method achieves 40.2% of the mAP, which is 5.8% higher than faster R‐CNN before improvement.
Métabolisme associé aux systèmes agri-alimentaires : enjeux et diversité d’approches dans la communauté de recherche française
Authors: Madelrieux Sophie , Redlingshöfer Barbara 
Published: February 2023

Dans un contexte de crise écologique et énergétique où il convient de mieux appréhender comment ré-inscrire les systèmes agri-alimentaires à la fois dans les territoires et les limites planétaires, les recherches sur le métabolisme des sociétés se multiplient. Elles ont différentes origines, mais se rejoignent sur l’importance de prendre en considération les bases matérielles et énergétiques du fonctionnement de notre société. La mobilisation du concept de métabolisme des sociétés se déploie pour appréhender les systèmes agri-alimentaires surtout à partir des années 2010, alors que son origine est bien plus ancienne. Cet article propose de présenter une revue des travaux dans la communauté française s’intéressant aux systèmes agri-alimentaires par des approches socio-métaboliques. Partant d’un recensement de 90 publications, nous montrons la diversité des approches renvoyant à différents enjeux associés à des dimensions matérielles, biogéochimiques, énergétiques, géographiques, économiques, d’organisation des acteurs et de gouvernance, culturelles et sociales du métabolisme social. Ces approches se déploient sur une variété de systèmes, de l’échelle mondiale à l’exploitation agricole, et avec trois grands types d’usage : comprendre les processus en jeu et scénariser des transformations ; identifier les vulnérabilités des systèmes ; rendre visible l’invisible pour l’action et les politiques publiques. Nous discutons les positionnements de la communauté française, notamment par rapport à la communauté internationale, afin d’en dégager des perspectives de recherches.
A Rare Pediatric Tumor: Supratentorial High-Grade Astroblastoma Presenting as a huge Mass
Authors: Sürmeli Deniz , Urfalı Boran , Özgür Tümay 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Astroblastoma is a rare neuroepithelial tumor of unknown origin, usually seen in children and young adults. It is usually localized to the cerebral hemisphere. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging show a well-demarcated, contrast-enhancing mass with a cystic area. Characteristic histological findings are perivascular pseudorosette formation and frequent vascular hyalinization. The presented case is a 3.7-month-old female patient diagnosed with high-grade astroblastoma.
Case Presentation We report the case of a 3.7-year-old female patient admitted to the neurosurgery clinic with strabismus for 25 days. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhancing mass that contained cystic and necrotic areas. The tumor mass has been totally resected and histological examination combined with immunohistochemical study confirmed the diagnosis of high-grade astroblastoma.
Charge transfer cross sections and transport coefficients of 39K+ − 39K and 41K+ − 39K at low-energy
Authors: Bouchelaghem Fouzia , Bouledroua Moncef 
Published: February 2023

The transport coefficients, diffusion D(T), and reduced mobility K0 are calculated for systems 39K+ − 39K and 41K+ − 39K in a thermal range between 1 and 3000 K within the Chapman–Enskog approximation. This is preceded by a theoretical study of the collision of alkaline ions in their gases for low and intermediate energies in the range 10−14 ≤ E ≤ 10−3 (a.u.), and within this field, we calculate the interaction energy potentials and elastic and charge-transfer cross sections and discuss the isotopic effects in the 39 K+ − 39K and 41K+ − 39K collisions.
Cultivating contexts for deliberative argumentation
Authors: Innocenti Beth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
What strategies do social actors use to cultivate contexts for deliberative argumentation, and why do they expect them to work? Addressing this question advances understanding of actual deliberative argumentation and methods of analyzing and evaluating it. I analyze two keynote addresses designed to regulate discussions in conference panels that followed, and specifically discussions of how women ought to respond to racism. I find that the keynote speakers use strategies that bring to bear responsibilities inherent to the discussion form of consciousness-raising, including facing facts; listening, talking, and self-scrutinizing even when doing so is difficult or uncomfortable; and acting for change. The strategies make discussion responsibilities determinate, display the badness of moves that damage discussion, and show the speakers are exercising forbearance rather than withdrawing from discussion. These findings illustrate the need to consider how social actors communicatively cultivate local contexts for deliberative argumentation.
Why Second Language Acquisition of sign languages matters to general SLA research
Authors: Gullberg Marianne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSLA research is characterised by a striking homogeneity in the linguistic, social and geographical data we as a field draw on. Such empirical homogeneity is a potential threat to the validity and scope of our models and theories. This paper focuses on a particular gap in our knowledge, namely the SLA of sign languages. It outlines an argument as to why the SLA of sign matters to general SLA research in terms of the empirical representativity, generalisability, and validity of the conclusions in the field. It exemplifies three domains where the study of language acquisition across modalities could shed important light on theoretical issues in mainstream SLA/bilingualism research (e.g. learner varieties, explicit-implicit learning, and crosslinguistic influence), and highlight some of the methodological challenges involved in such work.
Constructing a family of conformally flat scalar field models
Authors: Apostolopoulos Pantelis S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Using purely geometrical methods we present a mechanism to solve the scalar field equations of motion (non-minimally coupled with gravity) in a spherically symmetric background. We found that the full set of spacetimes, which are of Petrov type O (conformally flat) and admit a gradient conformal vector field, can be determined completely. It is shown that the full group of scalar field equations reduced to a single equation that depends only on the distance

w
=

r

2

−

t

2

leaving the metric function (equivalently the functional form of the scalar field or the potential) freely chosen. Depending on the structure of the metric or the potential V (as a function of φ) a solution can be found either analytically or via numerical integration. We provide physically sound examples and prove that (Anti)-de Sitter fits this scheme. We also reconstruct a recently found solution (Strumia and Tetradis 2022 J. High Energy Phys. JHEP09(2022)203) representing an expanding scalar bubble with metric that has a singularity and corresponds to what is termed as Anti-de Sitter crunch.
The envelope theory as a pedagogical tool
Authors: Semay Claude , Balcaen Maud 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The envelope theory (ET) is a reliable and easy to implement method to solve time independent Schrödinger-like equations (eigenvalues and eigenvectors). It is particularly useful to solve many-body systems since the computational cost is independent from the number of particles. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we want to make known a method that is probably too little used. Second, we also want to show that this method can be used as a pedagogical tool, thanks to its simplicity and the reliable results that can be obtained. To reach these goals, the ET is applied to a simple problem in one dimension, the soft-Coulomb potential

−
k

/

x

2

+

d

2

, characterised by a bias distance d. Such interaction is used for the study of excitons, electron–hole bound pairs where the two charges are kept separated in two different one-dimensional regions (quantum wires). In addition to its physical interest, this system has never been treated with the ET.
Optimal efficiencies of an isothermal endoreversible chemical engine
Authors: Ares de Parga-Regalado A M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the context of finite-time thermodynamics, an instructive study of the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic optimization analysis of Novikov engine models is presented. The so-called objective functions of the maximum power, ecological and efficient power regimes of operation are introduced. The study addresses the optimization methodology to obtain the efficiencies that maximize the various functions. An isothermal chemical engine is used as an analogy to Novikov’s engine to demonstrate the physical and mathematical procedures. Didactically, new results are presented through expanding prior research.
Enhanced energy density at low operating field strength of laminated multicomponent polymer-based composites via regulation of electrical displacement
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Zhen , Zhang Xiaoyong , Chen Weixing , Liu Yan-Jun , Wang Yifei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Dielectric polymer-based composites have demonstrated enormous promise in the applications of electrostatic film capacitors due to their exceptional insulating characteristics. However, the achievement of great energy-storage density (U
e) is always difficult in linear dielectric polymer-based composites for operation at weak field strength due to the low permittivity (ϵ
r) and electric displacement difference (D
max
− D
rem) values. Here, a tri-layered configuration of multicomponent polymeric films is proposed. The outer layers of the tri-layered composite are linear dielectric polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the inner layer is a nonlinear polymer incorporating a low number of polydopamine-modified barium titanate particles (BT@PDA). An increased ϵ
r of 8.9@1 kHz is achieved in the designed composite featuring only 2 wt% BT@PDA fillers, equivalent to 234% of the PMMA (∼3.8@1 kHz) matrix. An improved U
e of 9.3 J cm−3 at 340 MV m−1 is endowed in the designed film, implying an enormous ∼343% increment of the energy storage compared to the benchmark biaxially oriented polypropylene (∼2.1 J cm−3 at 300 MV m−1). All these advantages present a practical strategy for supplying linear dielectric polymer-based composites with anticipative capacitive energy-storage properties for operation at weak field strengths.
Fractional calculus within the optical model used in nuclear and particle physics
Authors: Herrmann Richard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The optical model is a fundamental tool to describe scattering processes in nuclear physics. The basic input is an optical model potential, which describes the refraction and absorption processes more or less schematically. Of special interest is the form of the absorption potential. With increasing energy of the incident projectile, a derivation of this potential must take into account the observed energy dependent transition from surface to volume type. The classic approach has weaknesses in this regard. We will discuss these deficiencies and will propose an alternative method based on concepts developed within the framework of fractional calculus, which allows to describe a smooth transition from surface to volume absorption in an appropriate way.
A signal-filtering and feature-enhancement method based on ensemble local mean decomposition and adaptive morphological filtering
Authors: Zhou Hao , Yang Jianzhong , Guo Gaofeng , Xiang Hua , Chen Jihong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The bearing fault signals from the spindle motors of computer numerical control machines are complex and non-linear due to being coupled to multiple subsystems. The complexity of industrial signals, with increased industrial noise, and the difference in fault features in different life cycles and different individual signals bring great challenges for fault feature extraction. In this paper, a signal-filtering and feature-enhancement method based on an ensemble local mean decomposition and adaptive morphological filtering (ELMD-AMF) method is proposed. First, the original vibration signal of the bearing is reconstructed by ELMD to reducing interference from background noise. Next, an improved feature-enhancement process based on AMF is constructed, a particle swarm optimization with maximum-weighted spectral kurtosis as an optimization objective is used to adaptively construct the size of the structural element, and a morphology hat product operator one is adapted to extract the periodic impulse features. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is proved by using an actual three-phase induction motor matched with an NTN ceramic bearing and a FAG metal bearing, respectively. Further, compared with minimum entropy deconvolution and fast kurtogram methods, the result proves that the proposed method has better performance for both early-failure and late-failure scenarios under real-world engineering conditions.
Biophysical characterization of collimated and uncollimated fields in pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Nabha Racell , De Saint-Hubert Marijke , Marichal Joachim , Esser Johannes , Van Hoey Olivier , Bäumer Christian , Verbeek Nico , Struelens Lara , Sterpin Edmond , Tabury Kevin , Marek Lukas , Granja Carlos , Timmermann Beate , Vanhavere Filip 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. The lateral dose fall-off in proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) technique remains the preferred choice for sparing adjacent organs at risk as opposed to the distal edge due to the proton range uncertainties and potentially high relative biological effectiveness. However, because of the substantial spot size along with the scattering in the air and in the patient, the lateral penumbra in PBS can be degraded. Combining PBS with an aperture can result in a sharper dose fall-off, particularly for shallow targets. Approach. The aim of this work was to characterize the radiation fields produced by collimated and uncollimated 100 and 140 MeV proton beams, using Monte Carlo simulations and measurements with a MiniPIX-Timepix detector. The dose and the linear energy transfer (LET) were then coupled with published in silico biophysical models to elucidate the potential biological effects of collimated and uncollimated fields. Main results. Combining an aperture with PBS reduced the absorbed dose in the lateral fall-off and out-of-field by 60%. However, the results also showed that the absolute frequency-averaged LET (LETF) values increased by a maximum of 3.5 keV μm−1 in collimated relative to uncollimated fields, while the dose-averaged LET (LETD) increased by a maximum of 7 keV μm−1. Despite the higher LET values produced by collimated fields, the predicted DNA damage yields remained lower, owing to the large dose reduction. Significance. This work demonstrated the dosimetric advantages of combining an aperture with PBS coupled with lower DNA damage induction. A methodology for calculating dose in water derived from measurements with a silicon-based detector was also presented. This work is the first to demonstrate experimentally the increase in LET caused by combining PBS with aperture, and to assess the potential DNA damage which is the initial step in the cascade of events leading to the majority of radiation-induced biological effects.
Scatter correction for cone-beam CT via scatter kernel superposition-inspired convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhuo Xu , Lu Yuchen , Hua Yuexuan , Liu Hanxi , Zhang Yikun , Hao Shilei , Wan Lin , Xie Qingguo , Ji Xu , Chen Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. X-ray scatter leads to signal bias and degrades the image quality in Computed Tomography imaging. Conventional real-time scatter estimation and correction methods include the scatter kernel superposition (SKS) methods, which approximate x-ray scatter field as a convolution of the scatter sources and scatter propagation kernels to reflect the spatial spreading of scatter x-ray photons. SKS methods are fast to implement but generally suffer from low accuracy due to the difficulties in determining the scatter kernels. Approach. To address such a problem, this work describes a new scatter estimation and correction method by combining the concept of SKS methods and convolutional neural network. Unlike conventional SKS methods which estimate the scatter amplitude and the scatter kernel based on the value of an individual pixel, the proposed method generates the scatter amplitude maps and the scatter width maps from projection images through a neural network, from which the final estimated scatter field is calculated based on a convolution process. Main Results. By incorporating physics in the network design, the proposed method requires fewer trainable parameters compared with another deep learning-based method (Deep Scatter Estimation). Both numerical simulations and physical experiments demonstrate that the proposed SKS-inspired convolutional neural network outperforms the conventional SKS method and other deep learning-based methods in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Significance. The proposed method can effectively correct the scatter-related artifacts with a SKS-inspired convolutional neural network design.
Dependence of ion wake characteristics on experimental conditions
Authors: Banka Rahul , Vermillion Katrina , Matthews Lorin , Hyde Truell , Couëdel Lénaïc 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional microparticle crystals can be formed in the sheath of a gas discharge plasma. Ions from the bulk plasma are accelerated in the sheath electric field, flowing past the grains to create a positive ion wake downstream from the grains. Interaction between the ion wake and neighboring grains creates additional coupling between oscillation modes and can trigger mode-coupling instability (MCI). In order to better understand MCIs, the interaction between dust grains and ion wakes must be understood; however, the relationship between the discharge parameters and ion wake characteristics is unknown. A molecular dynamics simulation of ion dynamics and dust charging is used to self-consistently determine the dust charge and ion wake characteristics for different synthetic experimental conditions. It is found that the ion wake is strongly dependent on the background gas pressure but not affected much by the discharge power.