bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of an Audiovisual Distraction Method on 6-10-Years Old Children’s Behavior During Dental Treatment: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Muhammed Przha , Noori Arass 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Management of uncooperative and anxious children during dental treatment is a major problem in pediatric dentistry. This study was designed to assess the effect of an audiovisual distraction method in minimizing the fear and anxiety of the child patient during dental treatment.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial with a parallel design was carried out on 40 children aged between 6 and 10 years to ascertain the efficacy of the audiovisual (virtual reality eyeglasses) distraction method in reducing children's dental anxiety during local anesthetic administration. Forty children were randomly divided into two groups; the control group (conventional local anesthesia injection alone) and the study group (conventional local anesthesia injection combined with audio-visual virtual reality eyeglasses). The pain experience and anxiety were assessed using a combination of measures: visual analog scale (child self-report) & visual analog scale (parent report), pulse rate and oxygen saturation SpO2 (physiological), and behavior assessment performed using (Frankl’s behavior rating scale and Houpt’s scale).
Results: All 40 children completed the study. A highly significant reduction in the child’s anxiety and pain experienced in the audiovisual distraction group was seen as reported by the visual analog scale (p < 0.001) and Houpt scale (p < 0.003). In contrast, pulse rate and spo2 showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusions: Audiovisual distraction method offers an effective distraction tool for alleviating the pain and unpleasantness that arises while administering local anesthesia in dental treatment.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Profiles of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil on Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Rasheed Ayub , Gul Sarhang , Azeez Hoshyar 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of the essential oil extracted from Thymus vulgaris (TV) against clinically isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia).
Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were collected from periodontitis patients with a probing pocket depth of at least 6mm. Conventional microbiological tests and molecular techniques were used to isolate and confirm P. intermedia. In addition, previously isolated P gingivalis was obtained from the microbiology department of the college of dentistry, Sulaimani University. The hydrodistillation method was used for the extraction of the essential oil. The antibacterial activity of TV against the confirmed clinical strains has been determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. In addition, the antibiofilm activity of the essential oils was evaluated by a qualitative tube method.
Results: The essential oil extracted from TV revealed comparable antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 9.55±0.30mm to 15.85±0.30mm for P. gingivalis and 10.55±0.25mm to 16.85±0.40mm for P. intermedia. The MIC of the tested oil were 1.56μL/mL and 0.78μL/mL, while the MBC were 3.125μL/mL and 1.56 μL/mL against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively. TV essential oil showed moderate and robust antibiofilm activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia.
Conclusions: TV essential oil showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against clinically isolated P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. Further studies should focus on using TV essential oil as an adjunct to periodontal therapy.
Antibacterial and Anti-biofilm Effect of Lactuca serriola Extract Against Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: An in vitro study
Authors: Sharif Rozhgar , Sha Aram 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effect of Lactuca serriola (LS) extract against clinically isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia).
Methods: LS extract was prepared by solvent extraction method. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze phytochemical components. Plaque samples were obtained from periodontitis patients with probing pocket depth ≥6mm to isolate P. intermedia. Microbiological tests and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to confirm P. intermedia. Antibacterial activities of LS against the confirmed clinical strains (P. intermedia and revised P. gingivalis) were determined by agar well diffusion method. Broth macro dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The anti-biofilm assay of the LS was performed by using tube adhesion method.
Results: Antibacterial activity of LS against clinical isolates revealed that the inhibition zones ranged from 11.75 ±0.95mm to 24.25 ±1.7mm for P. gingivalis and 12.75 ±0.95mm to 25.5 ±1.29mm for P. intermedia. The MICs of LS extract were 212.5mg/mL and 106.2 mg/mL, while the MBCs were 425mg/mL and 212.5mg/mL against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively. The anti-biofilm of LS extract exhibited strong anti-biofilm activity.
Conclusions: LS extract exhibited bactericidal and anti-biofilm activity against clinically isolated P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in an in vitro study.
Evaluation of 5-Aminolevulinic acid, Methylene Blue, Toluidine Blue O Photosensitizers on Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: An in vitro Study
Authors: Najm Kashan , Gul Sarhang 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), methylene blue (MB), and toluidine blue O (TBO) photosensitizers against clinically isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia).
Methods: Patients with a periodontal pocket depth of ≥5 mm were selected for subgingival plaque sampling. Bacterial identification was carried out using colony morphology, gram staining and then validated using the PCR technique. The photosensitizers tested were 5-ALA, MB, and TBO. The antibacterial test was performed using an agar well, and disk diffusion methods and double-fold serial dilution was used for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
Results: Glossy, smooth, and looked grey, light brown, or black-pigmented colonies of P. intermedia on Columbia agar plates were confirmed by gram staining and PCR tests. Contrary to MB and TBO, 5-ALA photosensitizers didn’t have antibacterial efficacy against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. The antibacterial test showed an increased inhibition zone with increasing the photosensitizers’ concentration. The greatest inhibition zones were at 10mg/ml concentration for both MB and TBO. The MIC for MB was 2 mg/ml, and 1mg/ml, while for TBO, it was 1mg/ml and 0.5mg/ml for P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively.
Conclusions: MB and TBO have antibacterial properties against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, and their efficacy increase with increasing concentration. TBO is more effective when compared to MB. Furthermore, P. intermedia is more sensitive to photoactivation in comparison to P. gingivalis.
Association between Body Mass Index, Abdominal Obesity, and Body Size with Hip and Femoral Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Montazerifar Farzaneh , Taghvaeefar Rasul , Karajibani Mansour , Izad Panahi Bahnaz 
Published: January 2023

Background: The risk of bone fractures, particularly hip fractures is increasing in the elderly. One of the known factors for predicting fractures is body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity. Thus, this study aimed to determine the association between obesity (general and abdominal) with femoral and hip fractures according to gender and age. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 patients with femoral or hip fractures admitted to the orthopedic ward of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan were selected between March 2018 and May 2019. Waist circumference (WC), wrist circumference, BMI, and body size were measured. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistical significant. All the analyses were performed by SPSS software version 21. Results: The highest rate of hip fracture was observed in people aged over 70 years (61.9%, P < 0.01). The highest rate of hip and femoral fractures were observed in individuals with BMI < 23 kg/m2 (P < 0.001) and taller people (>167 cm) (P < 0.0001). The risk of fractures decreased with increasing WC (P < 0.01). Approximately half of those with hip fractures (52.4%) and femoral fractures (51.9%) had small size. Conclusion: On the basis of our findings, taller height, lower BMI and smaller body size have been suggested as potential contributions to the risk of femoral and hip fractures. It is suggested that abdominal fat may be protective against the risk of hip and femoral fractures at older ages, which requires further research.
The Association between Nutrition Style through the First 2 Years of Life, Maternal and Childhood Indicators with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zamani Marzieh , Khoubfekr Hekmatollah , Namdar Azam , Rezaei Samira , Rahmanian Vahid 
Published: January 2023

Background: Nutrition and dietary habits is one of the determinant factor on glycemic control of diabetes mellitus. This study aims to investigate the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and diet in the first two years of life as well as a select group of demographic variables. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 76 children with T1DM and 209 non-diabetic children selected through convenience sampling from the population of people visiting the community health centers of the city of Jahrom, Iran. The required data were collected by a questionnaire of diet and demographic information completed by the mothers of the children. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and adjusted odds ratio. Results: Finally, the results of multiple backward logistic regression showed that the studied factors had a significant association with T1DM (P < 0.05), including body mass index (BMI) less than 18 kg/m2 for mothers before pregnancy (OR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.61 to 11.97), mothers without a history of diabetes (OR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.60), mother’s weight before pregnancy (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.91), mother’s excess weight during pregnancy (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.93), exclusive breastfeeding for more than six months (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.96), low weight gain in the first two years of life (OR: 6.98, 95% CI: 2.16 to 22.5), and the breastfeeding less than 12 months (OR: 10.52, 95% CI: 1.62 to 66.64). Conclusion: BMI less than 18 kg/m2 for mothers before pregnancy, low weight gain in the first two years of life, and breastfeeding less than 12 months increased the risk of developing T1DM in children.
Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidative and Antibacterial Activities of the Persian Medicine-Based Maolasal Honey: An Experimental Study
Authors: Zakerian Mohsen , Roudi Fatemeh , Ramezani Mahnaz , Salari Roshanak , Refahi Behzad , Ramezani Marjan , Hosseini Seyed Ruhollah 
Published: January 2023

Background: Maolasal is a honey-induced product which may lead to several beneficial effects from the Persian Medicine (PM) point of view. Heating process as a major step of Maolasal preparation may decrease the honey quality and deteriorate thermal treatment indicators of honey. Methods: This study was conducted on four honey samples (from different floral sources). Maolasal preparation process was done according to one of the most important PM references “Gharabadin Kabir”. Thermal treatment indices, antibacterial and antioxidative activities of products were measured. Results: The 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentrations of PM-based Maolasal samples of polyfloral, monofloral, and sugar honey were higher than 40 mg/kg; while PM-based Maolasal sample of monofloral honey had acceptable HMF concentration (38.9 mg/kg). Proline content of all samples decreased thorough Maolasal preparation and simple heating processes in all samples and these reductions were greater in monofloral honey and sugar honey Maolasal samples. Maolasal preparation processes decreased diastase activity of all samples. Although Maolasal preparation process led to sucrose content reduction in the three Maolasal samples, sucrose content of Maolasal sample of monofloral honey was higher than its raw sample. Maolasal preparation process increased total phenolic content of all samples. Finally, Maolasal preparation process led to an increase in antibacterial and antioxidant activities of all the samples. Conclusion: Maolasal samples reduced diastasis activity and proline content and increased HMF concentration. Maolasal preparation process may lead to an increase in antibacterial and antioxidative activities of honey which may be helpful for special preventive/therapeutic medicinal objectives.
Nitrite and Nitrate Residue in Non-Heat Treated Meat Products Marketed in East Azerbaijan Province
Authors: Hejazy Marzie , Norouzi Roghayeh , Javid Farzin 
Published: January 2023

Background: Nitrite and nitrate salts are used as preservatives in meat products to prevent the growth of pathogen organisms such as Clostridium botulinum. Nitrogen salts additives create the desired color in meat products. However, the use of these salts accelerates nitrosamine production and increases the risk of carcinogenesis. Hence, nitrate and nitrite consumption rate should be according to the approved standards. This analytical study is designed to determine nitrate and nitrite residue of non-heat-treated meat products including hamburger and kebab in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran during 2015-2020. Methods: 120 samples of non-heat-treated meat products from different brands were randomly collected. They consisted of 60 products manufactured in East Azerbaijan province and 60 products imported from other provinces. Nitrate and Nitrite residues in non-heat-treated meat products including hamburger and kebab were determined by spectrophotometric method. Results: Results showed that the residue levels of nitrate and nitrite content regarding non-heat- treated meat products were less than maximum residual limits (MRLs) of national standards. The study also indicated that frozen non-heated meat products did not have any nitrogenous additive. Conclusion: The results of this research revealed that the frozen non-heat treated meat products including hamburger and kebab, produced or consumed in East Azerbaijan province during 2015-2020 did not have nitrate and nitrite additives. Continuous monitoring to ensure the compliance of meat products with the standards is necessary.
Clinical Trial of Intraperitoneal Administration of Ketamine Combined with Bupivacaine on Pain Status after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Ziaei Parvin , Kargar Saeed , Dehghan Mohammad Hossein , Madadizadeh Farzan , Jamshidi Hamid Reza 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: One of the most important problems that the patient faces after laparoscopic surgery is pain that is felt in the shoulders, back and abdomen. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the combination of bupivacaine and ketamine and its intraperitoneal injection on reducing shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods: This was a double-blind randomized study that included 90 patients undergoing elective surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the age group of 18-65 years and of both sexes. After removal of the gallbladder, 20 cc of solution was injected intraperitoneally at the surgical site. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups receiving 10 cc 0.5% bupivacaine + 0.5cc ketamine, the second group received 10 cc of %0.5 bupivacaine and 10 cc normal saline, the third group (control) received 20 cc of normal saline intraperitoneally. The findings were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and repeated measurement analysis of variance and Bonferroni's pairwise comparison test.
Results: Analysis of variance showed that the mean pain scores were significantly different over time in each group (P<0.001). (P<0.001). Bonferroni paired comparison test showed that the lowest amount of pain was in the first group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, intraperitoneal injection of ketamine combined with bupivacaine significantly (p<0.001) reduces pain up to 8 hours after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Comparison of Calcium Enriched Material Cement and Mineral Trioxide Aggregated Radiopacity with 3 Endodontic Sealers in Digital Periapical Radiography
Authors: Tabrizizade Mehdi , Tavakoli Ehsan , Davarpanah Malihe 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the radiopacity of calcium enriched material cement and mineral trioxide aggregated fillapex with 3 types of sealers: Endoseal, and AH26 at different focal distances of 15 cm and 30 cm.
Methods: The research method was an experimental and lab trial. In this research, 3 endodontic sealers: Pulpdent, Endoseal, and AH26 and two root filling material: mineral trioxide aggregated fillapex and calcium enriched material cement were studied. From each material 6 samples were prepared. The samples were prepared on a glass slab by stirring with the help of a spatula and placed in molds with dimensions of 1 x 5 x 5 mm. Radiographs were prepared with the PSP Fire CR digital sensor system at a distance of 15 and 30 cm from the samples. Radio opacity information obtained was interpreted by Quantor Dent for Windows software. The obtained results were analyzed by SPSS version 16 statistical software and Two-way ANOVA and Tukey test.
Results: The results showed that AH26 had the highest optical density value and calcium enriched material cement had the lower radiopacity. There was a significant difference between the radiopacity value of the 5 studied materials (P<0.05).
Conclusion: All the studied materials had the minimal standard of radiopacity.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA PROYEK REVITALISASI RUMAH SUSUN GUDMURA PALDAM KOTA AMBON
Authors: Mansyur Intan , Serang Rudi , Abdin Maslan 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the Effect of Motivation on Work Productivity in the Gudmura Paldam Flats Revitalization Project in Ambon City. The method used in this study is quantitative analysis method. Subjects in this study were 20 samples. Primary data collection techniques through questionnaires and secondary data collection through literature research. While the data analysis methods used are quantitative descriptive data analysis, validity test, reliability test, f test (anova), t test. The results show, based on the t test as follows: 1. The need obtained t-count -1.937 > t-table 2.101 and the probality value sig 0.071 > 0.05 then the decision taken HO accepted and HI rejected. 2) Environment obtained t-count 2,296 > t-table 2,101 and the probality value was sig 0.036 > 0.05 then the decision taken by HO rejected and HI accepted. 3) Workers' wages obtained t-1,559 < 2,101 and the probality value was sig 0.139 > 0.05 then the decision taken was HO accepted and HI rejected. The motivation variable has a positive and significant effect on the environment because the t-count value is obtained 2,296 > t-table 2,101 and the probality value is sig 0.036 > 0.05 it has an influence on work productivity.
Biomass carbon emissions from nickel mining have significant implications for climate action
Authors: Mervine Evelyn , Valenta Rick , Paterson James , Mudd Gavin , Werner Tim , Sonter Laura 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Global nickel demand is projected to double by 2050 to support low-carbon technologies and renewable energy production. However, biomass carbon emissions from clearing vegetation for nickel mining are rarely included in corporate sustainability reports or considered in sourcing decisions. Here, we compiled new data for 481 nickel mines and undeveloped deposits to show that the footprint of nickel mining is approximately 5 to 500 times greater than previously reported (depending on the mine site), and thus the environmental impacts of nickel products, including batteries, have been greatly underestimated. We found large variation in biomass losses among mines, and, in many cases, these unaccounted carbon emissions were significant relative to other Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions from nickel extraction and processing. Reporting emissions from biomass losses from mining is key for strategic decision making on where to source the nickel needed for effective climate action.
­Evolution of the most species-rich family of simple thalloid liverworts (Aneuraceae): a time-calibrated perspective into its evolutionary history and diversification
Authors: Anantaprayoon Nopparat , Wonnapinij Passorn , Leavitt Steven D. , Kraichak Ekaphan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aneuraceae is the largest family of the simple thalloid liverworts. Despite simple morphological features, this family is well-known for its unique ecology, cryptic diversity, and species-rich lineages. In this study, we explored the evolutionary history and diversification of the Aneuraceae. Investigating the effects of fossil calibrations on divergence time estimates and how recognizing cryptic species impacts macroevolutionary analyses. We used publicly available nucleotide sequences to reconstruct chronograms of Aneuraceae with representatives from subclass Metzgeriidae as outgroups. We also examined the consequences of different calibrations in chronogram reconstruction. Then, the resulting time-calibrated phylogeny was employed to reveal diversification dynamics with lineage through time plots (LTTPs), γ-statistics, and Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures (BAMM). The Aneuraceae had originated and created diversity since the Lower Carboniferous (352.75 Mya, 95%HPD: 505.79–264.59) to Upper Devonian. Lineage diversification of Aneuraceae species was consistent with late bursts of speciation with two significant rate shifts in genus Riccardia: one at the crown node of the genus and the other at the Neotropical clade. Including cryptic taxa resulted in an additional rate shift at the crown node of Aneura. Aneuraceae originated during the middle Palaeozoic Era, similar to other early terrestrial plants, although different fossil calibrations significantly affected the estimation of divergence dating. Two speciation rate shifts in Riccardia could be the results of asexual reproductive structure in this genus and climate changes in the Neotropics. Ecological conditions at the origin of the family and association with fungi might be associated with the increased diversification in this family.