bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a novel risk model in newly diagnosed de novo bone metastatic prostate cancer (M1b): a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Junqi , Ding Li , Zheng Yuxin , Wu Chuang , Wang Kun , Xia Wentao , Ge Peng 
Published: January 2023

Background
Previous studies suggested that bone metastasis has a significant effect on the time of progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for newly diagnosed de novo bone metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Nevertheless, the effect of different bone metastasis sites was not fully evaluated. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel bone metastatic risk model.

Methods
We enrolled 122 patients who were newly diagnosed with de novo bone metastatic prostate cancer following primary androgen deprivation based therapy at our institution from January 2008 to June 2021. The metastatic bone sites were classified into six sites: skull; cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae; chest (ribs and sternum); pelvis; upper limbs; and lower limbs. We calculated the bone metastatic score (BMS) for each site: 0 points were assigned for non-metastasis and 1 point was assigned for metastasis. The X-tile was adopted to acquire optimal cutoff points of BMS. We defined high-risk group (HRG) as BMS ≥ 3 and low-risk group (LRG) as BMS < 3. The new bone risk stratification was validated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Subsequently, the relevant clinical prognostic variables were added to construct a predictive nomogram for predicting CRPC.

Results
The median patient age was 73 years. Most patients had Gleason score ≤8 (93 cases, 76.2%). The median follow-up duration was 11.5 months (range: 2–92 months). Eighty-six patients progressed to CRPC during the follow-up. The most common bone metastatic site was the pelvis (90.2%). The median BMS was 4. Seventy-six patients had HRG, while forty-six had LRG. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year AUCs for H/LRG were 0.620, 0.754, and 0.793, respectively. The HRG was associated with earlier time to CRPC. A nomogram based on four parameters (Gleason score, H/LRG, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] nadir, and time to PSA nadir) was developed to predict CRPC. Internal validation using bootstrapping demonstrated good accuracy for predicting the CRPC (C-index: 0.727). The calibration analysis demonstrated that the model performed well.

Conclusion
We established a novel H/LRG risk model for newly diagnosed de novo bone metastatic prostate cancer, which provided evidence to support clinical decision-making.
Quality of Labels of Some Locally Manufactured Medicines in Ghana
Authors: Osei-Asante Samuel , Osei-Djarbeng Samuel N. , Okai Charles Ayensu , Adjei Victor , Owusu-Dapaah George 
Published: January 2023

Background: Labelling plays an important role in informing healthcare providers and patients on appropriate information on drugs and how to optimize their therapeutic effects whilst minimizing potential side-effects. For these reasons, drug regulatory bodies have specifications which drug manufacturers are required to conform to in the labelling of their products.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to find out whether locally manufactured medicines on the Ghanaian market meet the specifications set out by the Ghana Standards Authority.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Kumasi, Ghana, between April 2018 and September 2018.
Methodology: The labels of one hundred locally produced drugs were assessed based on the general labelling rules for drugs outlined in the Legislative Instrument, L.I. 1541. Some parameters used for the assessment were dates of manufacture and expiry, batch number, indications, active ingredients, handling precautions, etc.
Results: Results obtained indicated that 17% of the products did not have date of manufacture; 10% did not bear expiry dates; 23% did not have batch numbers; 54% did not have indications; and 24% did not specify the active ingredients. It was also observed that 15% of the products did not have handling precautions.
Conclusion: Such products may present a serious health threat to users, as for instance, drugs without expiry dates may be consumed even after it has expired; and for those without batch numbers, it may be difficult to recall when a problem arises. Additionally, products without indications may be wrongly used. Based on the results, it is recommended that the appropriate regulatory bodies take a critical look at the labels on drugs in the market.
STUDY OF XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV. CAMPESTRIS ISOLATES ORIGINATING FROM SOIL AND BRASSICA SPP. SEEDS
Authors: Vlajić Slobodan , Gvozdanović Varga Jelica , Iličić Renata 
Published: January 2023

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a harmful pathogen of the Brassicaceae agricultural plants in Serbian agroecological conditions. The bacterium survives in soil, plant residues, seeds, and wild and weedy plants. This study aimed to characterize Xcc isolates that persist in field soil and roots where they represent a risk to causing disease of Brassicaceae plants. Collection of soil samples was carried out in the period 2015 - 2017 in four locations regions Vojvodina with cabbage cultivation in monoculture or crop rotations. The cabbage seed samples were collected in the same period in Futog and Despotovo locations (agricultural farms) and local farmer markets. All isolations were done on SX and YDC agar plates with the addition of cycloheximide at 250 mg/l. Based on the pathogenicity tests and morphological and biochemical characteristics, 28 identified Xcc isolates were selected, 12 from soil and 16 from seeds. Molecular confirmation of the Xcc isolates was done using multiplex PCR (m-PCR) with Xcc-specific primer sets DLH 120/125 and Zup 2309/2310. In all selected isolates and the reference Xcc strain NCPPB1144, the expected 370 and 619 bp PCR fragments were amplified. Characterizing isolates by rep-PCR fingerprinting using BOX A1R and (GTG)5 primers resulted in informative patterns. Cluster analysis grouped the strain Xcc NCPPB 1144 with all Xcc isolates, while other tested Xanthomonads were clustered separately. Based on the similarity level of 90%, we obtained three out of 12 representative isolates from soil and four out of 16 representative seed isolates. The characterization of Xcc isolates from soil and seeds will enable their comparison with those pathogenic isolated from leaves of Brassicaceae plants.
INDUCED PASSIVE HEATING ON THE EMERGENCE, EARLY GROWTH AND PHOTOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF SEEDLINGS OF NATIVE MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GENOTYPES FROM WARM-DRY, TEMPERATE, AND HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES
Authors: Diédhiou Idrissa, , Ramírez-Tobia Hugo M. 
Published: January 2023

The majority of research on the effects of climate change on maize has concentrated on yield, with only a few studies focusing on seedling emergence and growth. Warmer temperatures predicted as a result of climate change will have an impact on seedlings emergence and growth. An experiment was carried out with induced passive heat with the objective of simulating the increase in temperature in emergence, initial growth and photosynthetical parameters of native genotypes of maize from three different agro-ecological zones (warm-dry, temperate, and hot and humid) climates of San Luis Potosí, México. Two different environments, Open Top Chambers (OTC) and control, were used as treatment and two genotypes for each agro-ecological zone were used. A total of 100 seeds were used in a random design with factorial arrangement for each genotype and environment (OTC and control). Abiotic variables (mean daily temperature, minimum and maximum daily temperature and the accumulated heat units) were determined and compared between the two environments and confirmed that the OTC increased temperatures and heat units. The percentage and velocity of seedling emergence and photochemical quenching (qP) were negatively affected by the effect of induced heat while the rate of growth of plants was accelareted and its plant height was increased. These results reveal dependence on the adaptation of the native genotypes. According to seedling emergence and growth, genotypes from less stress conditions (hot and humid (Huasteca)) were most affected while those from places with major variations in temperature condicions (warm-dry and temperate (Altiplano and Media respectively)) were not. We concluded the effect of induced heat diminish the seedling emergence and photochemical quenching while the growth benefited.
Keywords: Climate change; Heat; Open top chamber; Temperature; Zea mays seedling
Evaluation of agricultural policies implemented with respect to less favoured area’s: evidence from Turkey
Authors: Unuvar Fatma Ilknur , Dellal Ilkay 
Published: January 2023

There have been many different agricultural support tools varying by countries. These agricultural support tools are determined according to different indicators such as the policies, expectations, regions, and economic levels of the countries and may differ from each other. One of these agricultural support tools is Less Favoured Area (LFAs) that has been applied for a long time. Turkey has many geographically different regions and many different agricultural support tools like those in the other counties However, considering the EU full membership process policies, a specified support tool for the LFAs, which are widely used in the EU, has not been implemented in Turkey. Mersin province is one of the areas where that is an issue and so was selected for this study. The province has a dual structure, with high mountains (Taurus) and wide plains. People in the mountainous areas make a living from animal production, especially goat breeding. The study framework was based on the logistic regression model, which was compared farmers' descriptive statistics and socio-economic features in villages in the mountainous/semi-mountainous areas and on the plains of Mersin province. Farmers’ intentions for land allocation and livestock and their migration tendencies were analysed in different scenarios. Age, experience, number of small ruminants, land size and credit usage were found to have a statistically significant effect on farmers’ decisions about continuing farming. Their decisions changed across the policy scenarios provided, and a policy that considers regional differences was found to be significant in their decisions. The paper shows agricultural support policies should consider regional differences to compensate for income losses due to physical conditions.
Determination of water quality for irrigation at the entrance of Radoniqi accumulation with physicochemical and bacteriological parameters for the period of spring 2021
Authors: Bajraktari Naser , Elshani Arsim , Berisha Defrime 
Published: January 2023

Water quality research for irrigation at the inlet of Radoniqi reservoir with physicochemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters was conducted in the spring quarter period 2021, focusing on two sampling points: at the entrance of the derivation canal (Lumbardhi River of Deçan) and at the exit of derivative canal (near the Lake) as the main supply point. In order to know the degree of its quality, the identification of polluting sources has been performed, which in turn will enable the necessary steps to be taken by the management of RWC ‘Gjakova’ for their isolation. Also, to complete the study, research was done on heavy metals and other nutrients, in all sampling sites, and especially where there are significant sources of surface water pollution, as a result of human activity and discharge of untreated urban waters. So, the focus or purpose of the research is to reflect the situation as realistically as possible and this was done by determining the bacteria by
the membrane filter method by counting the colonies in Petri dishes with VRB-agar, M-Endo Agar Less, CCA.
Risk Factors Associated With Peripartum Suicide Attempts in Japan
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Tarasawa Kunio , Fushimi Kiyohide , Hamada Hirotaka , Saito Masatoshi , Kobayashi Natsuko , Kikuchi Saya , Tomita Hiroaki , Ishii Tadashi , Fujimori Kenji , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: January 2023

ImportancePeripartum suicide attempt is a major psychiatric complication associated with pregnancy, but the risk factors remain largely uncertain.ObjectiveTo identify the demographic characteristics and predisposing risks for peripartum suicide attempts and postpartum depression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used retrospective data on pregnant women who delivered children between April 1, 2016, and March 31, 2021, at 712 hospitals in Japan. The nationwide Diagnosis Procedure Combination database was used.ExposuresPsychiatric and nonpsychiatric medical history, age, alcohol and tobacco use, and obstetric complications and procedures.Main Outcomes and MeasuresData on admissions for prepartum suicide attempt and delivery during the same hospital stay and readmissions for depression or suicide attempt within 1 year post partum were collected. Comparisons of prevalence of each study variable were performed, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors.ResultsFrom a total of 39 908 649 hospitalization episodes, 804 617 cumulative pregnant women (median [IQR] age at childbirth, 33 [29-36] years) who delivered at the enrolled hospitals were identified, including 1202 who were admitted for suicide attempt and delivery during the same hospital stay and 111 readmitted for suicide attempt within 1 year post partum. Risk factors associated with prepartum suicide attempts included younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00) and histories of personality disorder (aOR, 10.81; 95% CI, 5.70-20.49), depression (aOR, 3.97; 95% CI, 2.35-6.70), schizophrenia (aOR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.52-5.50), and adjustment disorder (aOR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.07-6.58). Risk factors associated with postpartum suicide attempts included younger age (aOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-1.00), heavy tobacco use (aOR, 23.09; 95% CI, 5.46-97.62), and histories of alcohol use disorder (aOR, 163.54; 95% CI, 28.30-944.95), personality disorder (aOR, 10.28; 95% CI, 3.29-32.10), anxiety disorders (aOR, 8.13; 95% CI, 2.88-22.98), depression (aOR, 7.27; 95% CI, 2.95-17.91), schizophrenia (aOR, 5.77; 95% CI, 2.17-15.38), bipolar disorder (aOR, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.36-11.67), and insomnia (aOR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.30-7.78). On sensitivity analysis, risk factors associated with postpartum depression after excluding those with prenatal depression included histories of personality disorder, adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder, insomnia, and anxiety disorders.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that histories of smoking and prenatal psychiatric disorders are potential risk factors for peripartum suicide attempts and may require additional treatment and prevention interventions.
Association Between Preresidency Peer-reviewed Publications and Future Academic Productivity or Career Choice Among Ophthalmology Residency Applicants
Authors: Reyes Joshua , Seddon Ian , Watane Arjun , Gedde Steven , Sridhar Jayanth 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceOphthalmology-residency selection committees require robust metrics to review applicants. Participation in research activities is a core component of the application process for its perceived association with future academic productivity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between the number of preresidency peer-reviewed publications (PPPs) and subsequent peer-reviewed publications or career choices of ophthalmology residency graduates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, names of ophthalmology residency graduates were obtained. PubMed-indexed publication records were generated and publications were categorized as preresidency, intraresidency, and postresidency. First author and journal publications with an impact factor (IF) score of 3 or more were recorded. Current academic and community-based career statuses were designated. Names were obtained from cohort and alumni lists on residency program websites or by emailing program directors. Participants included US Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited ophthalmology residency graduates from 2013 to 2016.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was association of PPPs with later publications, first authorship, and journal publications with an IF score of 3 or more. The secondary outcome measure was difference in characteristics associated with academic vs community-based ophthalmologist.ResultsA total of 964 ophthalmologists (52% of graduates) were studied and most (85.5%) had PubMed-indexed publications. First authorship (ρ = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.67-0.74; P &amp;lt; .001) had a strong positive correlation with intraresidency publications, while journal publications with an IF score of 3 or more (ρ = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.51-0.60; P &amp;lt; .001) and PPPs (ρ = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.32-0.43; P &amp;lt; .001) had moderate and weak positive correlations, respectively. For postresidency publications, journal publications with an IF score of 3 or more (ρ = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.84-0.87; P &amp;lt; .001) had the strongest positive correlation followed by first authorship (ρ = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74-0.79; P &amp;lt; .001) and PPPs (ρ = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.20-0.31; P &amp;lt; .001). Preresidency (t = 3.3; P = .001), intraresidency (t = 4.1; P &amp;lt; .001), postresidency (t = 7.5; P &amp;lt; .001), first author (t = 6.6; P &amp;lt; .001), and journal publications with an IF score of 3 or more (t = 5.9; P &amp;lt; .001) were greater for academic ophthalmologists compared with community-based ophthalmologists.Conclusions and RelevancePreresidency publication history is at least weakly correlated with future publications or work in an academic setting among ophthalmologists. Multiple factors associated with academic productivity were evaluated; however, adjustment for multiple analyses was not done and further testing is required to prove whether these factors are predictive.
Engineering Human Brain Assembloids by Microfluidics
Authors: Zhu Yujuan , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Sun Lingyu , Wang Yu , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBrain assembloids offer a highly promising strategy to model human brain development and disease, and advance potential studies in regenerative medicine, therapeutic screening, and drug discovery, while it is challenging to produce uniform brain organoids and assemble them flexibly by conventional methods. Here, a multidisciplinary engineered strategy to generate human brain assembloids with desired patterning based on microfluidic technology is presented. By encapsulating human induced pluripotent stem cells in microcapsules via microfluidic electrospray, brain region‐specific organoids are efficiently formed, which are then introduced into a microfluidic chip consisting of a bottom layer with a micropillar array and a movable upper layer with a complementary microhole array. These brain organoids can settle into microholes and fuse into brain assembloids. As varied organoid microcapsules with designed 1D sequences or 2D arrays can be assembled into the vertical microholes, large coding amounts of fused brain assembloids with desired patterning can be produced. It is found that brain assembloids composed of cortical, hippocampal, and thalamic organoids can grow and function well, characterized with active neural migration and interaction. These features indicate that the suggested flexible, scalable, and controlled microfluidic systems are remarkably potential in wide applications of brain assembloids in neurological and biomedical fields.
Ion‐Selective Microporous Polymer Membranes with Hydrogen‐Bond and Salt‐Bridge Networks for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Wang Anqi , Tan Rui , Liu Dezhi , Lu Jiaxin , Wei Xiaochu , Alvarez‐Fernandez Alberto , Ye Chunchun , Breakwell Charlotte , Guldin Stefan , Kucernak Anthony R. , Jelfs Kim E. , Brandon Nigel P. , McKeown Neil B. , Song Qilei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) have great potential for long‐duration grid‐scale energy storage. Ion‐conducting membranes are a crucial component in RFBs, allowing charge‐carrying ions to transport while preventing the cross‐mixing of redox couples. Commercial Nafion membranes are widely used in RFBs, but their unsatisfactory ionic and molecular selectivity, as well as high costs, limit the performance and the widespread deployment of this technology. To extend the longevity and reduce the cost of RFB systems, inexpensive ion‐selective membranes that concurrently deliver low ionic resistance and high selectivity toward redox‐active species are highly desired. Here, high‐performance RFB membranes are fabricated from blends of carboxylate‐ and amidoxime‐functionalized polymers of intrinsic microporosity, which exploit the beneficial properties of both polymers. The enthalpy‐driven formation of cohesive interchain interactions, including hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, facilitates the microscopic miscibility of the blends, while ionizable functional groups within the sub‐nanometer pores allow optimization of membrane ion‐transport functions. The resulting microporous membranes demonstrate fast cation conduction with low crossover of redox‐active molecular species, enabling improved power ratings and reduced capacity fade in aqueous RFBs using anthraquinone and ferrocyanide as redox couples.
Integration of Conjugated Copolymers‐Based Luminescent Solar Concentrators with Excellent Color Rendering and Organic Photovoltaics for Efficiently Converting Light to Electricity
Authors: Yu Kanglin , Hu Liwen , Lei Shiyun , Xiao Biao , Li Qingduan , Wang Jianbin , You Qingliang , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLuminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) provide a simple and cost‐effective strategy for harvesting sunlight. However, few existing LSC–solar cell systems possess power conversion efficiency (PCE) and remarkable color rendering capability simultaneously, which limits their application in building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Herein, for the first time, novel LSC–solar cell systems fabricated by integrating LSCs with organic solar cells (OSCs), accompanied with efficient solar energy harvest and excellent color rendering, are reported. Three conjugated copolymers, PPF‐IF, PPF‐NIF, and PPF‐F are utilized as the luminophores to construct LSCs with ultrahigh color rendering indices (95.74), and the OSCs based on these systems present high PCEs (4.92%) under 1 sun conditions. With the decrease of the light intensity, the PCEs of the OSCs keep rising and reach a high value of 14.91% (11 mW cm−2). In contrast, the crystalline silicon (C–Si) cell‐based systems show low PCE values ranging from 1.90% to 2.47%, and especially, the PCEs are not highly correlated with the illumination intensity. These results indicate that the utilization of conjugated copolymers as luminophores can enable LSC to possess high efficiency and excellent color rendering ability, and the integration of OSCs with LSC is a very promising strategy for future practical applications in BIPV, etc.