bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence and incidence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia in young women eligible for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in South Africa and Zimbabwe: results from the HPTN 082 trial
Authors: Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Bekker Linda-Gail , Baeten Jared M , Li Chuwen , Donnell Deborah , Agyei Yaw , Lennon Denni , Rose Scott M , Mokgatle Marcia , Kassim Sheetal , Mukaka Shorai , Adeyeye Adeola , Celum Connie 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionWe investigated the prevalence, incidence and factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young African women seeking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).MethodsHPTN 082 was a prospective, open-label PrEP study enrolling HIV-negative sexually active women aged 16–25 years in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa, and Harare, Zimbabwe. Endocervical swabs from enrolment, months 6 and 12 were tested forNeisseria gonorrhoeae(GC) andChlamydia trachomatis(CT) by nucleic acid amplification, andTrichomonas vaginalis(TV) by a rapid test. Intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in dried blood spots were measured at months 6 and 12. Associations between risk characteristics and STI outcomes were assessed using Poisson regression.ResultsOf 451 enrolled participants, 55% had an STI detected at least once. CT incidence was 27.8 per 100 person-years (py) (95% CI 23.1, 33.2), GC incidence was 11.4 per 100 py (95% CI 8.5, 15.0) and TV incidence was 6.7 per 100 py (95% CI 4.5, 9.5). 66% of incident infections were diagnosed in women uninfected at baseline. Baseline cervical infection (GC or CT) risk was highest in Cape Town (relative risk (RR) 2.38, 95% CI 1.35, 4.19) and in those not living with family (RR 1.87, 95% 1.13, 3.08); condom use was protective (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45, 0.99). Incident CT was associated with baseline CT (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.28, 3.15) and increasing depression score (RR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01, 1.09). Incident GC was higher in Cape Town (RR 2.40; 95% CI 1.18, 4.90) and in participants with high PrEP adherence (TFV-DP concentrations ≥700 fmol/punch) (RR 2.04 95% CI 1.02, 4.08).ConclusionAdolescent girls and young women seeking PrEP have a high prevalence and incidence of curable STIs. Alternatives to syndromic management for diagnosis and treatment are needed to reduce the burden of STIs in this population.Trial registration numberNCT02732730.
Rebound in asthma exacerbations following relaxation of COVID-19
restrictions: a longitudinal population-based study (COVIDENCE UK)
Authors: Tydeman Florence , Pfeffer Paul E , Vivaldi Giulia , Holt Hayley , Talaei Mohammad , Jolliffe David , Davies Gwyneth , Lyons Ronan A , Griffiths Christopher , Kee Frank , Sheikh Aziz , Shaheen Seif O , Martineau Adrian R 
Published: May 2023

Background
The imposition of restrictions on social mixing early in the
COVID-19 pandemic was followed by a reduction in asthma exacerbations in
multiple settings internationally. Temporal trends in social mixing,
incident acute respiratory infections (ARI) and asthma exacerbations
following relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions have not yet been
described.

Methods
We conducted a population-based longitudinal study in 2312 UK adults
with asthma between November 2020 and April 2022. Details of face
covering use, social mixing, incident ARI and severe asthma
exacerbations were collected via monthly online questionnaires. Temporal
changes in these parameters were visualised using Poisson generalised
additive models. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test for
associations between incident ARI and risk of asthma exacerbations,
adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions from April 2021 coincided with
reduced face covering use (p<0.001), increased frequency of indoor
visits to public places and other households (p<0.001) and rising
incidence of COVID-19 (p<0.001), non-COVID-19 ARI (p<0.001) and
severe asthma exacerbations (p=0.007). Incident non-COVID-19 ARI
associated independently with increased risk of asthma exacerbation
(adjusted OR 5.75, 95% CI 4.75 to 6.97) as did incident COVID-19, both
prior to emergence of the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 (5.89, 3.45 to
10.04) and subsequently (5.69, 3.89 to 8.31).

Conclusions
Relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions coincided with decreased face
covering use, increased social mixing and a rebound in ARI and asthma
exacerbations. Associations between incident ARI and risk of severe
asthma exacerbation were similar for non-COVID-19 ARI and COVID-19, both
before and after emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant.

Study registration number

NCT04330599.
Convection effect on solidification microstructure: dendritic arm spacing and microsegregation
Authors: Galenko P. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConvection affect primary crystalline structure, particularly, the dendrite crystal velocity and dendrite tip radius. The present work aims on the influence of the convective flow on the primary dendrite spacing between neighbouring crystals within the dendrite ensemble. Solidification of a binary alloy is considered within the model of stagnant boundary layer, under imposed thermal gradient which influence on the crystal microstructure and chemical microsegregation. Chemical composition in the solidifying liquid and crystalline solid is derived from the solution of the solute diffusion transport equation taking into account the convective flow. The model results are consistent with the Scheil-Brody-Flemings model, experimental data and computational results.
Variscan zircons everywhere? Multi-stage sedimentary recycling in Central Europe
Authors: Zieger Johannes , Zieger-Hofmann Mandy , Gärtner Andreas , Linnemann Ulf 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The North German Basin is part of a Central European-wide sedimentary recycling system that has existed since at least the Neoproterozoic. Understanding the evolution of such a system is crucial for further studies, as the North German Basin inherits vast natural gas resources and may act as an intermediate sink for younger strata. This study presents new detrital zircon morphology, trace element and U–Pb age data obtained from Upper Rotliegend II strata (Upper Permian). Detrital zircon dating revealed Cambrian, Carboniferous and Permian main age clusters. There are also several minor Paleo-, Meso- and Neoproterozoic age clusters. Zircon grain morphologies show completely unrounded to completely rounded grains throughout each age range. The heterogeneity of the data is key to deciphering the sedimentary history of the Central German Basin, as the basin fill is most likely a mixture of (repeatedly) recycled material and also directly derived from bedrock sources. These results are supported by trace element data, which show a wide range of values indicating different magma sources. This study further explores the dispersal patterns of detrital zircon over time and demonstrates their complexity.
Associations between Etiologic or Prognostic Tumor Tissue Markers and Neighborhood Contextual Factors in Male Health Professionals Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iyer Hari S. , Kensler Kevin H. , Vaselkiv Jane B. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Roscoe Charlotte , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Jang Thomas L. , Lotan Tamara L. , James Peter , Hart Jaime E. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Laden Francine , Rebbeck Timothy R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
There is growing evidence that unfavorable neighborhood contexts may influence prostate cancer progression. Whether these associations may be explained in part by differences in tumor-level somatic alterations remain unclear.

Methods:
Data on tumor markers (PTEN, p53, ERG, and SPINK1) were obtained from 1,157 participants with prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Neighborhood greenness, socioeconomic status, and the income Index of Concentration at Extremes were obtained from satellite and census data and linked to participants’ address at diagnosis and at study enrollment. Exposures were scaled to an interquartile range and modeled as tertiles. Bivariate associations between tertiles of neighborhood factors and tumor markers were assessed in covariate adjusted logistic regression models to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
There was no association between any of the neighborhood contextual factors and PTEN, p53, ERG, or SPINK1 in bivariate or multivariable adjusted models. Results were generally consistent when modeling exposure using exposure at diagnosis or at study enrollment.

Conclusions:
In this multilevel study of men with prostate cancer, we found no evidence of associations between neighborhood context and tumor tissue markers.

Impact:
Our results provide some of the first empirical data in support of the hypothesis that prostate cancer risk conferred by tumor tissue markers may arise independently of underlying neighborhood context. Prospective studies in more diverse populations are needed to confirm these findings.
A Novel Autologous CAR-T Therapy, YTB323, with Preserved T-cell Stemness Shows Enhanced CAR T-cell Efficacy in Preclinical and Early Clinical Development
Authors: Dickinson Michael J. , Barba Pere , Jäger Ulrich , Shah Nirav N. , Blaise Didier , Briones Javier , Shune Leyla , Boissel Nicolas , Bondanza Attilio , Mariconti Luisa , Marchal Anne-Laure , Quinn David S. , Yang Jennifer , Price Andrew , Sohoni Akash , Treanor Louise M. , Orlando Elena J. , Mataraza Jennifer , Davis Jaclyn , Lu Darlene , Zhu Xu , Engels Boris , Moutouh-de Parseval Laure , Brogdon Jennifer L. , Moschetta Michele , Flinn Ian W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

CAR T-cell product quality and stemness (Tstem) are major determinants of in vivo expansion, efficacy, and clinical response. Prolonged ex vivo culturing is known to deplete Tstem, affecting clinical outcome. YTB323, a novel autologous CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy expressing the same validated CAR as tisagenlecleucel, is manufactured using a next-generation platform in &lt;2 days. Here, we report the preclinical development and preliminary clinical data of YTB323 in adults with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL; NCT03960840). In preclinical mouse models, YTB323 exhibited enhanced in vivo expansion and antitumor activity at lower doses than traditionally manufactured CAR T cells. Clinically, at doses 25-fold lower than tisagenlecleucel, YTB323 showed (i) promising overall safety [cytokine release syndrome (any grade, 35%; grade ≥3, 6%), neurotoxicity (any grade, 25%; grade ≥3, 6%)]; (ii) overall response rates of 75% and 80% for DL1 and DL2, respectively; (iii) comparable CAR T-cell expansion; and (iv) preservation of T-cell phenotype. Current data support the continued development of YTB323 for r/r DLBCL.

Significance:
Traditional CAR T-cell manufacturing requires extended ex vivo cell culture, reducing naive and stem cell memory T-cell populations and diminishing antitumor activity. YTB323, which expresses the same validated CAR as tisagenlecleucel, can be manufactured in &lt;2 days while retaining T-cell stemness and enhancing clinical activity at a 25-fold lower dose.
See related commentary by Wang, p. 1961.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 1949
Transitando pela cidade narrada: a cidade de Cali no romance ¡Que viva la música!, de Andrés Caicedo
Authors: Sampayo Andrés Eloy Palencia , Corrêa Gabriel Vidinha 
Published: May 2023

A partir da segunda metade do século XX, na América Latina, a migração de pessoas para a cidade grande gerou uma superpopulação e espaços socioculturais heterogêneos, onde os habitantes têm diferentes modos de viver, representar e identificar-se com o espaço urbano. Nesta perspectiva, nosso objetivo é analisar a representação da cidade de Cali, Colômbia, no romance ¡Que viva la música! (1977), do escritor colombiano Andrés Caicedo, levando em consideração as expressões, sensações e socialização dos personagens em relação a cada um dos espaços da cidade. Em nossa análise, se evidenciou que o romance está marcado por uma “estética narrativa do deslocamento” que ocorre em vários níveis: geográfico (de Norte a Sul da cidade); do discurso dos personagens (fala cotidiana, expressões idiomáticas e coloquiais da classe alta à fala dos habitantes das áreas periféricas) e no gênero musical (do rock à salsa).
Humans in Love Are Singing Birds: Socially-Mediated Brain Activity in Language Production
Authors: Martin Clara , Quiñones Ileana , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated whether and how the human speech production circuit is mediated by social factors. Participants recited a poem in the MRI scanner while viewing pictures of their lover, unknown persons, or houses to simulate different social contexts. The results showed, as expected, the recruitment of the speech production circuit during recitation. However, for the first time, we demonstrated that this circuit is tightly linked to the network underlying social cognition. The socially relevant contexts (familiar and unfamiliar persons) elicited the recruitment of a widespread bilateral circuit including regions such as the amygdala, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortex, in contrast to the non-socially relevant context (houses). We also showed a neural gradient generated by the differences in the social relevance of affective and nonaffective contexts. This study opens up a novel line of research into socially mediated speech production, revealing drastic differences in brain activation when performing the same speech production task in different social contexts. Interestingly, the analogous avian anterior neural pathway in the zebra finch is also differentially activated when the bird sings facing a (potential) mate or alone. Thus, this study suggests that despite important phylogenetic differences, speech production in humans is based, as in songbirds, on a complex neural circuitry that is modulated by evolutionarily primordial aspects such as the social relevance of the addressee.
The diversity of molluscan faunas in marine lakes of Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Aji Ludi P. , Goud Jeroen , van der Steeg Sean , Tapilatu Ricardo , Maas Diede L. , Becking Leontine E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Marine lakes are bodies of seawater that are land-locked and maintain a subterranean connection to the surrounding sea. Here, we document the species diversity of benthic molluscs in 11 marine lakes in Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia, using the roving diving survey method. We specifically tested for relationships between species richness and lake size and the degree of connection to the surrounding sea, and tested potential environmental drivers of community structure. We recorded 73 species, belonging to the classes Gastropoda (48 species, comprising 36 genera and 25 families), Bivalvia (24 species, consisting of 17 genera and 12 families), and Polyplacophora (one species). Molluscs from marine lakes are a subset of species also occurring in coral, seagrass, mangrove, and rocky shore habitats in the open sea. We found lake communities to mostly consist of grazers and filter feeders. The number of mollusc species significantly increased with increasing connection to the surrounding sea, but not with increasing surface area, indicating that dispersal potential may be the main driving force. Furthermore, we observed no significant influence of the environment on the variation in mollusc species composition among marine lakes. Still, we observed certain species to be exclusively present in either high or low-connected lakes, indicating a potential effect of environmental filtering. Marine lakes provide a unique ecosystem for diverse mollusc assemblages and as such should be protected.
The Right to Education and the Spirit of Bandung: Critical Reflections
Authors: Amin Samir 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article is a reflection on the social processes that had taken place sixty years after the 1955 unprecedented historical meeting in Bandung organized by the nations and peoples of Africa and Asia to declare their right to reclaim their independence, which subsequently took place over several decades until the 1990s. But Bandung claimed more than regaining political independence to the extent that this had to be complemented by the reconstruction of the concerned societies, economically, socially and culturally. The right to education is a fundamental human right, which is inseparable from economic development and people’s aspirations to a full and a wholly authentic democracy. Even in the real existing world governed by capitalism, development must be holistic as economic progress must mean progress of society and individuals, and access to, and the effective exercise of, all individual and collective rights, and in all domains of social existence, including education.
Samir Amin the African, Global Giant, and Epitome of uBuntu in Tireless Pursuit of the ‘Highest Level of Human Civilization’
Authors: Assié-Lumumba N’Dri Thérèse 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article is the English version of a presentation delivered at the international symposium that was held on February 10–12, 2020, in Dakar (Senegal) in honor and memory of Professor Samir Amin. In what could be read as an autoethnography of more than four decades of observation and evolution the intellectual journey has been enriched from the status and experiences as students to adult academics with critical perspectives shaped the uBuntu-inspired life vision of Samir Amin. The journey of this global giant evolved with extraordinary consistency from childhood questioning social inequality to the global arena as the ultimate advocate of the marginalized everywhere. He inspired generations with his unsurpassed prolific knowledge production, his intellectual rigor and his humanity. The article also recognizes the role of his comrade and spouse, Isabelle Eynard Amin. Samir Amin’s unwavering commitment to the struggle to create a new world of equality and respect of our common humanity to achieve the highest level of human civilization. Beside the economy as the substructure articulated in Marxist analysis, formal education, as part of the superstructure, plays a more critical role than conceived by the classical Marxist and dependency theory as a critical tool for colonial and neo-colonial control. Indeed, formal education also contains the seed for possible social transformation.
‘uMuntu nguMuntu ngaBantu’: Toward an Equitably Infused Global Epistemological Orientation and Global (Philosophy of) Education
Authors: Cossa José 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The core question in this article is whether, or not, uBuntu and Humanism can simultaneously inform a pursuit of an equitably infused global epistemological orientation and, consequently, an equitably infused global (philosophy of)1 education. I argue that uBuntu and Humanism are not compatible at the very core of their ontological, axiological, and epistemological nature, and thus, might present an epistemological challenge to any attempt to develop an equitably infused global epistemological orientation and an equitably infused global (philosophy of) education. Moreover, I assume the broad etymological definition of philosophy as the ‘love of wisdom’ and that wisdom is a manifestation in uBuntu world, and consequently the love of such, and the resulting need to inquire into the compatibility, while recognizing potential incommensurability, between how wisdom is thought of by Western humanist-derived epistemologies and by uBuntu-derived epistemologies. At the center of the analysis is the nature of ‘human’ or ‘person’ since both Humanism and uBuntu are intrinsically bound to conceptualizations of personhood. Framed within the historical backdrop of the European Renaissance and the African Renaissance, the article comprises a critical historical outlook and analysis of primary and secondary sources of discourses on Humanism and uBuntu. Primary focus is on works of so-called2 classical thinkers such as Heidegger, Husserl, Cheikh Anta Diop, René Descartes, Frederick Nietzsche, Julius Nyerere, and John Mbiti. The key aim is to challenge scholars to work toward the equitable infusion of epistemologies inherent in these two terms, instead of continuing to see these terms as interchangeable, which essentially authenticates and perpetuates the imposition of humanism on non-humanist contexts. The African Renaissance might be the adequate space for such equitable placement of uBuntu as a source of global epistemologies alongside those emanating from Humanism.
On the Educational Potential of Ubuntu
Authors: Waghid Yusef 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The literature on Ubuntu is as prolific, as it is diverse. Over the past two decades the increasing attention has been devoted to Ubuntu in relation to African education. In recognising the richness of attention, which has thus been afforded to Ubuntu, this article attempts to offer something else. I consider the concept of Ubuntu as an African notion for education, in the same way that some Europeans describe bildung as education, and ta’dib, for some Muslims, means education. Hence, in this article, I firstly analyse the concept Ubuntu. Secondly, I show how Ubuntu relates to at least three meanings of education, namely, interdependent human action, deliberative inquiry, and socially responsive action. Finally, I make an argument for Ubuntu as a cosmopolitan practice, thus further enhancing its educational impetus before concluding with the rationale for Ubuntu, namely a cultivation of dignity.
The Racialized Global Capitalist Economy: Reading Samir Amin in the 2020s
Authors: Nordtveit Bjorn H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Using Samir Amin’s theories of worldwide value and historical materialism, this article seeks to show that capitalism is inherently racist, at least since the TransAtlantic enslavement, and that its proponents are perpetuating racism by using it as a tool to deepen economic divides, and to destroy solidarity between workers. The global health crisis of Covid-19 demonstrates the expendability of frontline workers, a large proportion of whom are Black people and has exasperated the economic injustice propagated by the capitalist model. The racist and exploitative structure is global, with a Center extracting rent from the Periphery, where political power and “corruptionists” collude with global corporations. In low-intensity democracies such as the US, paid elections at best will lead to politicians making superficial discursive changes at Superstructure level, whereas the racist Base remains the same. Movements such as Black Lives Matter can be shaped and contained through manipulation of media. To change the Base, this article argues the need for “delinking” of the Periphery from the monopoly economy, and rehabilitation of Marxism through creation of a new global organization – a new Internationale of Workers, or a new Bandung. Putin’s invasion of Ukraine in Spring 2022 adds a layer of complexity to the international situation (as it is opening for discourses that are strengthening the monopoly economy worldwide, e.g., in arms manufacturing), but may eventually lead to the demise of the autocratic-capitalist system in Russia, with international repercussions.