bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping heart failure by echocardiography: imaging of ventricular function and haemodynamics at rest and exercise
Authors: Smiseth Otto A , Donal Erwan , Boe Espen , Ha Jong-Won , Fernandes Joao F , Lamata Pablo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Traditionally, congestive heart failure (HF) was phenotyped by echocardiography or other imaging techniques according to left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF). The more recent echocardiographic modality speckle tracking strain is complementary to LVEF, as it is more sensitive to diagnose mild systolic dysfunction. Furthermore, when LV systolic dysfunction is associated with a small, hypertrophic ventricle, EF is often normal or supernormal, whereas LV global longitudinal strain can reveal reduced contractility. In addition, segmental strain patterns may be used to identify specific cardiomyopathies, which in some cases can be treated with patient-specific medicine. In HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), a diagnostic hallmark is elevated LV filling pressure, which can be diagnosed with good accuracy by applying a set of echocardiographic parameters. Patients with HFpEF often have normal filling pressure at rest, and a non-invasive or invasive diastolic stress test may be used to identify abnormal elevation of filling pressure during exercise. The novel parameter LV work index, which incorporates afterload, is a promising tool for quantification of LV contractile function and efficiency. Another novel modality is shear wave imaging for diagnosing stiff ventricles, but clinical utility remains to be determined. In conclusion, echocardiographic imaging of cardiac function should include LV strain as a supplementary method to LVEF. Echocardiographic parameters can identify elevated LV filling pressure with good accuracy and may be applied in the diagnostic workup of patients suspected of HFpEF.
Secondary tricuspid valve regurgitation after isolated aortic valve replacement: outcomes and predictors
Authors: Buonocore Marianna , De Meester Pieter , Brusselmans Marius , Van Puyvelde Tim , Verrijcken Anton , Rega Filip , Verbelen Tom 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We sought to assess the evolution of secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) and its impact on mortality and to identify possible clinical and echocardiographic predictors of persisting and new-onset TR (TR de novo) after isolated AVR.

METHODS
Clinical and echocardiographic data of 441 patients, consecutively operated for isolated AVR between January 2017 and January 2020, were retrospectively collected. Four time points were included: preoperative, discharge, 3–6 months and last available follow-up. We followed patients with at least moderate TR (TR ≥2) over time and monitored the impact on survival. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible predictors of persistent TR and TR de novo.

RESULTS
Median follow-up was 33 months. Incidence of TR ≥2 changed over the time points. Twenty-three percent of patients with preoperative TR ≥2 had persistent TR at 3–6 months follow-up, and this phenomenon was predicted by age at regression analysis. Preoperative TR ≥2 was associated with a 3-fold higher risk to die. At 3- to 6-month follow-up, 12% of patients developed TR de novo. At least moderate preoperative mitral regurgitation (≥2) was predictive of TR de novo.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with TR ≥2 undergoing isolated AVR had worse long-term survival, and this was particularly evident in the elderly. Older patients were also more prone to have persistent TR after AVR. Some patients developed TR de novo after isolated AVR, but this did not affect survival.
Leak current, even with gigaohm seals, can cause misinterpretation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte action potential recordings
Authors: Clark Alexander P , Clerx Michael , Wei Siyu , Lei Chon Lok , de Boer Teun P , Mirams Gary R , Christini David J , Krogh-Madsen Trine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have become an essential tool to study arrhythmia mechanisms. Much of the foundational work on these cells, as well as the computational models built from the resultant data, has overlooked the contribution of seal–leak current on the immature and heterogeneous phenotype that has come to define these cells. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of seal–leak current on recordings of action potential (AP) morphology.

Methods and results
Action potentials were recorded in human iPSC-CMs using patch clamp and simulated using previously published mathematical models. Our in silico and in vitro studies demonstrate how seal–leak current depolarizes APs, substantially affecting their morphology, even with seal resistances (Rseal) above 1 GΩ. We show that compensation of this leak current is difficult due to challenges with obtaining accurate measures of Rseal during an experiment. Using simulation, we show that Rseal measures (i) change during an experiment, invalidating the use of pre-rupture values, and (ii) are polluted by the presence of transmembrane currents at every voltage. Finally, we posit that the background sodium current in baseline iPSC-CM models imitates the effects of seal–leak current and is increased to a level that masks the effects of seal–leak current on iPSC-CMs.

Conclusion
Based on these findings, we make recommendations to improve iPSC-CM AP data acquisition, interpretation, and model-building. Taking these recommendations into account will improve our understanding of iPSC-CM physiology and the descriptive ability of models built from such data.
Upper crustal Vp/Vs ratios along the northern East Pacific Rise derived from downward-continued streamer data
Authors: Di Huizhe , Xie Wenxin , Xu Min 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
Multi-channel seismic (MCS) imaging has been extensively used to investigate fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR) crustal compressional wave velocity (Vp) structure and tectono-magmatic behaviors. However, its upper oceanic crust’s shear wave velocity (Vs) profile has remained a rarity. We first confirm that additional offset ranges can be derived for traveltime picking from downward-continued MCS data in fast-spreading tectonic settings for both early-arrival P and S waves. We then inverse independent 2-D Vp and Vs structures along a ∼80-km-long along-axis stretch of the northern EPR. The resulting Vp/Vs ratio exhibit that the upper crust comprises pillow lavas, transition zone and sheeted dykes. The average thickness of pillow lavas is ∼125 m, with Vp increasing from ∼2.8 to 3.2 km s−1 and Vs from ∼1.2 to 1.5 km s−1. The lava unit with a transition zone has high Vp/Vs ratios (∼2.1 ± 0.2), indicating that fracturing and alteration are variable but pervasive. The average thickness of the transition zone is ∼400 m, with Vp increasing from ∼3.2 to 5.3 km s−1 and Vs from ∼1.5 to 2.8 km s−1. The pillow lavas and the transition zone constitute the layer 2A with an average thickness of ∼525 m. The boundary of layer 2A/2B can be defined using a Vp/Vs ratio contour of 1.9. The layer 2B exhibits lower Vp gradients (∼1.51 s−1), Vs gradients (∼1.30 s−1) and Vp/Vs ratios (∼1.8–1.9) compared to the layer 2A (∼4.65 s−1, ∼2.98 s−1 and ∼2.1 ± 0.2). Porosity variation and crack morphology are critical in controlling the seismic velocities of layer 2A. The strong lateral heterogeneity of the Vp/Vs ratios indicates hydrothermal signatures in the upper crust. The high Vp/Vs anomalies indicate fluid pathways into and out of the oceanic upper crust. This study demonstrates that the Vp/Vs ratio can be obtained from seismic tomography of downward-continued streamer data and used as a reference to investigate the crustal structure and hydrothermal activities along fast-spreading ridges.
Post-seismic deformation following the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku–Oki earthquake and its impact on Northeast Asia
Authors: Liu Tai , Fu Guangyu , She Yawen , Meng Guojie , Zou Zhenyu , Wu Weiwei , Shestakov Nikolay V , Gerasimenko Mikhail D , Bykov Victor G , Pupatenko Victor V 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
The objective of this study was to examine co- and post-seismic deformation following the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku–Oki earthquake and its impact on Northeast Asia. Large-scale, long-term post-seismic deformation caused by the earthquake was extracted according to the continuous Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) observation data for Japan, South Korea, Northeast China and the Far East Russia. The present research adopted a 2-D viscoelastic model to simulate the observed large-scale seismic deformation, considering the subducting slab in the western Pacific. The duration of the after-slip in the northwest of the main rupture area was found to be greater than that in the south of the main rupture area (approximately 6 yr). The steady-state viscosity coefficient of the continental mantle was found to be 8 × 1018 Pa·s. Post-seismic deformation in Northeast Asia was primarily caused by viscoelastic relaxation of the mantle, and observations on the west side of the Tan-Lu fault were smaller than simulation, revealing the heterogeneity in viscosity structures in NE China.
The Fairness Principle in Competition-Related Economic Law
Authors: Scheuerer Stefan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fairness appears as the guiding paradigm for regulating the digital economy. Yet its exact meaning has always remained dubious. The present article, which summarizes key insights of my doctoral thesis, ‘Fairness als Rechtsprinzip’, aims at filling this theoretical void by exploring to which extent fairness phenomena in competition-related economic law (understood as comprising unfair competition, antitrust, IP, trade secrecy, contract, anti-discrimination and data law) may be united under an overarching legal principle. Departing from the classic fairness-defining notion of ‘honest commercial practices’ enshrined in Art. 10bis para. 2 of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the article overall suggests to (re-)construct the fairness principle as a normative bridge between law and society. Its task, viewed against the backdrop of a legal pluralist analysis of sociological disruptions in the globalized digital economy, is to normatively moderate the interplay of state and non-state rules of market order towards the common good from the perspective of the state.
Local government engagement practices and Indigenous interventions: Learning to listen to Indigenous voices
Authors: Elers Christine Helen , Dutta Mohan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article examines the Māori consultation and engagement processes in a development project framed as climate adaptation and carried out by a local council that sought to expel Māori from ancestral land. Drawing on a dialogue between Kaupapa Māori (KM) theory and the culture-centered approach (CCA), land is centered as the basis for everyday meanings of health. We depict the processes of culture-centered organizing in co-creating voice infrastructures at the “margins of the margins” of the community, which serve as the spaces for voicing Indigenous knowledge to resist the modern-day confiscation of ancestral Māori land. The dialogue between KM theory and the CCA foregrounds communicative inequalities within community spaces, working with the concept “margins of the margins” to center Māori voices that have historically been silenced.
Global knowledge flows: characteristics, determinants, and impacts
Authors: Cantner Uwe , Kalthaus Martin , Menter Matthias , Mohnen Pierre 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The access and utilization of global knowledge flows are becoming increasingly relevant for individuals, organizations, and countries in order to foster knowledge creation, innovativeness, productivity, and economic growth. The importance of global knowledge flows is undisputed and substantial research has been conducted to understand the different transmission channels. However, the underlying characteristics, determinants, and impacts of global knowledge flows are only partly comprehended and remain to be explored in more detail. The purpose of this special section is to bring together different perspectives on global knowledge flows in order to provide novel insights and expand our understanding of how to utilize them. After a brief review of the relevant literature, we discuss the six papers in this special section and conclude with overall theory and policy implications and highlight key avenues for further research.
On symmetric positive definite preconditioners for multiple saddle-point systems
Authors: Pearson John W , Potschka Andreas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider symmetric positive definite preconditioners for multiple saddle-point systems of block tridiagonal form, which can be applied within the Minres algorithm. We describe such a preconditioner for which the preconditioned matrix has only two distinct eigenvalues, $1$ and $-1$, when the preconditioner is applied exactly. We discuss the relative merits of such an approach compared to a more widely studied block diagonal preconditioner, specify the computational work associated with applying the new preconditioner inexactly, and survey a number of theoretical results for the block diagonal case. Numerical results validate our theoretical findings.
The optimal control chart selection for monitoring COVID-19 phases: a case study of daily deaths in the USA
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Xu Song Hua , Anwar Syed Masroor , Rasheed Zahid , Shabbir Javid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Epidemiologists frequently adopt statistical process control tools, like control charts, to detect changes in the incidence or prevalence of a specific disease in real time, thereby protecting against outbreaks and emergent health concerns. Control charts have proven essential in instantly identifying fluctuations in infection rates, spotting emerging patterns, and enabling timely reaction measures in the context of COVID-19 monitoring. This study aims to review and select an optimal control chart in epidemiology to monitor variations in COVID-19 deaths and understand pandemic mortality patterns. An essential aspect of the present study is selecting an appropriate monitoring technique for distinct deaths in the USA in seven phases, including pre-growth, growth, and post-growth phases. Stage-1 evaluated control chart applications in epidemiology departments of 12 countries between 2000 and 2022. The study assessed various control charts and identified the optimal one based on maximum shift detection using sample data. This study considered at Shewhart ($\bar X$, $R$, $C$) control charts and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart with smoothing parameters λ = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 were all investigated in this study. In Stage-2, we applied the EWMA control chart for monitoring because of its outstanding shift detection capabilities and compatibility with the present data. Daily deaths have been monitored from March 2020 to February 2023. Control charts in epidemiology show growing use, with the USA leading at 42% applications among top countries. During the application on COVID-19 deaths, the EWMA chart accurately depicted mortality dynamics from March 2020 to February 2022, indicating six distinct stages of death. The third and fifth waves were extremely catastrophic, resulting in a considerable loss of life. Significantly, a persistent sixth wave appeared from March 2022 to February 2023. The EWMA map effectively determined the peaks associated with each wave by thoroughly examining the time and amount of deaths, providing vital insights into the pandemic’s progression. The severity of each wave was measured by the average number of deaths $W5(1899)\,\gt\,W3(1881)\,\gt\,W4(1393)\,\gt\,W1(1036)\,\gt\,W2(853)\,\gt\,(W6(473)$. The USA entered a seventh phase (6th wave) from March 2022 to February 2023, marked by fewer deaths. While reassuring, it remains crucial to maintain vaccinations and pandemic control measures. Control charts enable early detection of daily COVID-19 deaths, providing a systematic strategy for government and medical staff. Incorporating the EWMA chart for monitoring immunizations, cases, and deaths is recommended.
LeafAI: query generator for clinical cohort discovery rivaling a human programmer
Authors: Dobbins Nicholas J , Han Bin , Zhou Weipeng , Lan Kristine F , Kim H Nina , Harrington Robert , Uzuner Özlem , Yetisgen Meliha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Identifying study-eligible patients within clinical databases is a critical step in clinical research. However, accurate query design typically requires extensive technical and biomedical expertise. We sought to create a system capable of generating data model-agnostic queries while also providing novel logical reasoning capabilities for complex clinical trial eligibility criteria.

Materials and Methods
The task of query creation from eligibility criteria requires solving several text-processing problems, including named entity recognition and relation extraction, sequence-to-sequence transformation, normalization, and reasoning. We incorporated hybrid deep learning and rule-based modules for these, as well as a knowledge base of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and linked ontologies. To enable data-model agnostic query creation, we introduce a novel method for tagging database schema elements using UMLS concepts. To evaluate our system, called LeafAI, we compared the capability of LeafAI to a human database programmer to identify patients who had been enrolled in 8 clinical trials conducted at our institution. We measured performance by the number of actual enrolled patients matched by generated queries.

Results
LeafAI matched a mean 43% of enrolled patients with 27 225 eligible across 8 clinical trials, compared to 27% matched and 14 587 eligible in queries by a human database programmer. The human programmer spent 26 total hours crafting queries compared to several minutes by LeafAI.

Conclusions
Our work contributes a state-of-the-art data model-agnostic query generation system capable of conditional reasoning using a knowledge base. We demonstrate that LeafAI can rival an experienced human programmer in finding patients eligible for clinical trials.
Technology issues experienced by older populations responding to COVID-19 vaccine text outreach messages
Authors: Gwynne Kaelyn , Ratwani Raj , Dixit Ram 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Text messages used by healthcare organizations to communicate with patients have known limitations for certain populations, especially older adults. This study analyzed text message interactions with over 17 000 patients aged 65 and older during the initial phase of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. We coded the responses of 4247 patients who responded to this outreach to understand issues they experienced with the text message system. Our analysis highlighted areas for technology improvement and the need for more robust strategies to effectively reach older populations.
Frontier workers and the seedbeds of inequality and prosperity
Authors: Connor Dylan Shane , Kemeny Tom , Storper Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article examines the role of work at the cutting of technological change—frontier work—as a driver of prosperity and spatial income inequality. Using new methods and data, we analyze the geography and incomes of frontier workers from 1880 to 2019. Initially, frontier work is concentrated in a set of ‘seedbed’ locations, contributing to rising spatial inequality through powerful localized wage premiums. As technologies mature, the economic distinctiveness of frontier work diminishes, as ultimately happened to cities like Manchester and Detroit. Our work uncovers a plausible general origin story of the unfolding of spatial income inequality.
Déjà vu All Over Again: Carbon Dioxide Removals (CDR) and Legal Liability
Authors: Ghaleigh Navraj Singh , Macinante Justin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As efforts to scale up the carbon dioxide removals (CDR) sector continue to expand, the question of liability for failed storage, also known as ‘reversals’, comes to the fore. There are a range of possibilities and views as to who should be liable if reversals do occur. As well as a need to better understand both the permanance issues and risks associated with given CDR methods, we seek to deepen understandings of and the means to address the risk of storage failure through legal approaches and structures. We review the comparable carbon market scenario that preceded entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, the current voluntary carbon market, and what implications scaling up the CDR sector may have. We canvass a range of legal approaches and structures, and argue that liability for on-going storage integrity should remain with the party that carries out the CDR project, proposing also an institutional structure building on the same.
Clinical outcomes of head and neck mucosal melanoma treated with surgery: a single-center study in Japan
Authors: Omura Go , Namikawa Kenjiro , Sakai Toshihiko , Eguchi Kohtaro , Matsumoto Yoshifumi , Sakai Azusa , Kobayashi Kenya , Nakano Eiji , Ogata Dai , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Mori Taisuke , Yamazaki Naoya , Yoshimoto Seiichi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Head and neck mucosal melanomas are rare malignancies. Although the prognosis is poor owing to the high incidence of distant metastases, locoregional control remains important. It is difficult to obtain results in a large cohort because of its rarity. This study aimed to elucidate the survival outcomes of patients with head and neck mucosal melanoma treated with surgery in Japan.

Methods
Patients with head and neck mucosal melanoma who were surgically treated between 2007 and 2021 at the National Cancer Center Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
A total of 47 patients were included in this study. The 5-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, locoregional control and relapse-free survival rates were 42%, 50%, 79% and 13%, respectively. The disease-specific survival of the oral mucosal melanoma group was significantly better than that of the sinonasal mucosal melanoma group (5-year disease-specific survival rate: 70% versus 37%, respectively; P = 0.04). Multivariate analyses revealed that sinonasal mucosal melanoma were independently significant adverse prognostic factor, for overall survival and disease-specific survival. Patients with oral mucosal melanoma patients had a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis than those with sinonasal mucosal melanoma patients (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the survival outcomes of the largest cohort of patients with head and neck mucosal melanomas treated surgically at a single institution within the past 20 years in Japan. We found that survival outcomes and incidence of nodal metastases varied by site.