bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canonical Set Theory with Applications from Parallel Addition of Multiple Inputs to Matrix Multiplication and Data Structures
Authors: Ramirez Juan Pablo 
Published: August 2023

Few questions that have resounded through the mind of the mathematician, as much as the simple question of describing the nature of a number. The longstanding consensus is that it does not matter which set theory is used to describe numbers. What matters is that it can be done. It is widely believed that the particular choice of a construction for natural and real numbers is irrelevant for the rest of mathematics. A set theory is proposed as a canonical theory that yields transparent proofs in fundamental areas of mathematics including group theory, discrete mathematics, analysis, data types, and new results tying these areas and addressing Hilbert's 24th (twenty-fourth) Problem and Benacerraf's Identification Problem. Applications to computer science are discussed and these include a linearly-scaleable circuit that serves for parallel addition and multiplication of scalars, vectors and matrices, with wide implications for Area-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) used in CGI, Neural Networks and AI training, Digital Signal Processing, among other applications that depend on fast and low-powered vector operations. This low-power In-Situ (In-Memory) computing architecture, based on a patent-pending Simple and Linear Fast Adder (SLFA), is a direct consequence of the proposed set theory. Algebraic invariants are also described with results bringing together set theory, discrete mathematics, number theory and algebraic structures. A canonical block form is defined for the Cayley table of finite groups, in terms of a numeric representation of groups. Automorphisms, and the minimal independent system of equations that define the group are given by the block form, among other information regarding groups' internal and external structure. The proposed construction of natural numbers is generalized to provide a simple and transparent construction of the continuum of real numbers, with a fast approximation for the numeric derivative that can be implemented with the SLFA. Infinite data structures are defined in the most efficient way with the smallest possible data type. A countable sequence of real numbers is coded in a single real number, and an infinite \(\infty\times\infty\) real-valued matrix is also coded with a single real number. A real function is coded in a set of real numbers, and a countable sequence of real functions is also coded in a set of real numbers. These codings are meaningful and computable. Mathematical objects of all types are well assigned to tree structures in a proposed hierarchy of types.
Particularities of coronary physiology in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from combined pressure and flow indices measurements
Authors: Pintea Bentea Georgiana , Berdaoui Brahim , Samyn Sophie , Morissens Marielle , van de Borne Philippe , Castro Rodriguez Jose 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundSymptoms suggestive of myocardial ischemia are frequently encountered in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) even in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, an in-depth characterisation of coronary physiology in patients with AF is currently lacking.ObjectivesWe aim to provide an insight into the characteristics of coronary physiology in AF, by performing simultaneous invasive measurements of coronary flow- and pressure- indices in a real-life population of patients with AF and indication of coronary angiography.MethodsThis is a prospective open label study including patients with permanent or persistent AF and indication of coronary angiography showing intermediate coronary stenosis requiring routine physiological assessment (n = 18 vessels from 14 patients). We measured FFR (fractional flow reserve), and Doppler-derived coronary flow indices, including CFR (coronary flow reserve) and HMR (hyperaemic microvascular resistance).ResultsFrom the analysed vessels, 18/18 vessels (100%) presented a pathological CFR (&lt;2.5), indicative of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), and 3/18 (17%) demonstrated obstructive epicardial coronary disease (FFR ≤ 0.8). A large proportion of vessels (15/18; 83%) showed discordant FFR/CFR with preserved FFR and low CFR. 47% of the coronary arteries in patients with AF and non-obstructive epicardial coronary disease presented structural CMD (HMR ≥ 2.5 mmHg/cm/s), and were associated with high BMR and an impaired response to adenosine. Conversely, vessels from patients with AF and non-obstructive epicardial coronary disease with functional CMD (HMR &lt; 2.5 mmHg/cm/s) showed higher bAPV. The permanent AF subpopulation presented increased values of HMR and BMR compared to persistent AF, while structural CMD was more often associated with persistent symptoms at 3 months, taking into account the limited sample size of our study.ConclusionOur findings highlight a systematically impaired CFR in patients with AF even in the absence of obstructive epicardial coronary disease, indicative of CMD. In addition, patients with AF presented more prevalent structural CMD (HMR ≥ 2.5 mmHg/cm/s), characterized by reduced hyperaemic responses to adenosine, possibly interfering with the FFR assessment.
Carbon markets, energy transition, and green development: a moderated dual-mediation model
Authors: Kong Shaohua , Li Hanzun , Tan Shuwen 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Carbon market is an important market instrument to deal with environmental problems and an important practice of the green development concept. Among the many economic sectors in China, the energy sector is the largest emitter of carbon dioxide, therefore, the transformation of the energy sector is the focus of China’s green development.Methods: This study used data from 211 prefecture-level cities in China from 2015 to 2020 to construct carbon market, green development, energy transition (shift to clean and low-carbon energy), and financial development indices to determine how to achieve green development beginning with a carbon emissions market and investigate how carbon markets affect environmentally friendly development from a green economics perspective. Unlike previous studies, this study uses a moderated dual mediation model for analysis to examine the indirect impact of carbon markets on green development through energy efficiency and new energy use channels of energy transition. Afterward, examine how financial development influences carbon markets and green development and the mediating effect of such development in eastern, central, and western China are performed, respectively.Results: The empirical results of this study reveal the following: first, carbon markets directly influence green development in a favorable way. Second, energy transition creates a bridge between carbon markets as well as green development; and third, financial development plays a moderating role among carbon markets, energy transition, and green development.Discussion: Based on the empirical findings, this study provides recommendations for promoting green development, such as enhancing information disclosure and guiding green finance development.
Genome-wide association study reveals genomic loci of sex differentiation and gonadal development in Plectropomus leopardus
Authors: Gao Jin , Wang Yongbo , Liu Jinye , Chen Fuxiao , Guo Yilan , Ke Hongji , Wang Xulei , Luo Ming , Fu Shuyuan 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:Plectropomus leopardus, a commercially significant marine fish, is primarily found in the Western Pacific regions and along the coast of Southeast Asia. A thorough analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in sex differentiation is crucial for gaining a comprehensive understanding of gonadal development and improving sex control breeding. However, the relevant fundamental studies of P. leopardus are relatively lacking.Methods: In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to investigate the genetic basis mechanism of sex differentiation and gonadal developmental traits in P. leopardus utilizing about 6,850,000 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from 168 individuals (including 126 females and 42 males) by the genome-wide efficient mixed-model association (GEMMA) algorithm.Results: The results of these single-trait GWASs showed that 46 SNP loci (-log10p &gt; 7) significantly associated with sex differentiation, and gonadal development traits were distributed in multiple different chromosomes, which suggested the analyzed traits were all complex traits under multi-locus control. A total of 1,838 potential candidate genes were obtained by considering a less-stringent threshold (-log10p &gt; 6) and ±100 kb regions surrounding the significant genomic loci. Moreover, 31 candidate genes were identified through a comprehensive analysis of significant GWAS peaks, gene ontology (GO) annotations, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, including taf7, ddx6, apoeb, sgk1, a2m, usf1, hsd3b7, dll4, xbp1, tet3, esr1, and gli3. These trait-associated genes have been shown to be involved in germline development, male sex differentiation, gonad morphogenesis, hormone receptor binding, oocyte development, male gonad development, steroidogenesis, estrogen-synthetic pathway, etc.Discussion: In the present study, multiple genomic loci of P. leopardus associated with sex differentiation and gonadal development traits were identified for the first time by using GWAS, providing a valuable resource for further research on the molecular genetic mechanism and sex control in P. leopardus. Our results also can contribute to understanding the genetic basis of the sex differentiation mechanism and gonadal development process in grouper fish.
Machine learning-based radiomics for predicting BRAF-V600E mutations in ameloblastoma
Authors: Li Wen , Li Yang , Liu Xiaoling , Wang Li , Chen Wenqian , Qian Xueshen , Zheng Xianglong , Chen Jiang , Liu Yiming , Lin Lisong 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAmeloblastoma is a locally invasive and aggressive epithelial odontogenic neoplasm. The BRAF-V600E gene mutation is a prevalent genetic alteration found in this tumor and is considered to have a crucial role in its pathogenesis. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a radiomics-based machine learning method for the identification of BRAF-V600E gene mutations in ameloblastoma patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, data from 103 patients diagnosed with ameloblastoma who underwent BRAF-V600E mutation testing were collected. Of these patients, 72 were included in the training cohort, while 31 were included in the validation cohort. To address class imbalance, synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) is applied in our study. Radiomics features were extracted from preprocessed CT images, and the most relevant features, including both radiomics and clinical data, were selected for analysis. Machine learning methods were utilized to construct models. The performance of these models in distinguishing between patients with and without BRAF-V600E gene mutations was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsWhen the analysis was based on radiomics signature, Random Forest performed better than the others, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95%CI, 0.68-1.00). The performance of XGBoost model is slightly lower than that of Random Forest, and its AUC is 0.83 (95% CI, 0.60-1.00). The nomogram evident that among younger women, the affected region primarily lies within the mandible, and patients with larger tumor diameters exhibit a heightened risk. Additionally, patients with higher radiomics signature scores are more susceptible to the BRAF-V600E gene mutations.ConclusionsOur study presents a comprehensive radiomics-based machine learning model using five different methods to accurately detect BRAF-V600E gene mutations in patients diagnosed with ameloblastoma. The Random Forest model’s high predictive performance, with AUC of 0.87, demonstrates its potential for facilitating a convenient and cost-effective way of identifying patients with the mutation without the need for invasive tumor sampling for molecular testing. This non-invasive approach has the potential to guide preoperative or postoperative drug treatment for affected individuals, thereby improving outcomes.
Hepatitis B virus serum RNA transcript isoform composition and proportion in chronic hepatitis B patients by nanopore long-read sequencing
Authors: Vachon Alicia , Seo Grace E. , Patel Nishi H. , Coffin Carla S. , Marinier Eric , Eyras Eduardo , Osiowy Carla 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSerum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA is a promising new biomarker to manage and predict clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. However, the HBV serum transcriptome within encapsidated particles, which is the biomarker analyte measured in serum, remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate serum HBV RNA transcript composition and proportionality by PCR-cDNA nanopore sequencing of samples from CHB patients having varied HBV genotype (gt, A to F) and HBeAg status.MethodsLongitudinal specimens from 3 individuals during and following pregnancy (approximately 7 months between time points) were also investigated. HBV RNA extracted from 16 serum samples obtained from 13 patients (73.3% female, 84.6% Asian) was sequenced and serum HBV RNA isoform detection and quantification were performed using three bioinformatic workflows; FLAIR, RATTLE, and a GraphMap-based workflow within the Galaxy application. A spike-in RNA variant (SIRV) control mix was used to assess run quality and coverage. The proportionality of transcript isoforms was based on total HBV reads determined by each workflow.ResultsAll chosen isoform detection workflows showed high agreement in transcript proportionality and composition for most samples. HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) was the most frequently observed transcript isoform (93.8% of patient samples), while other detected transcripts included pgRNA spliced variants, 3′ truncated variants and HBx mRNA, depending on the isoform detection method. Spliced variants of pgRNA were primarily observed in HBV gtB, C, E, or F-infected patients, with the Sp1 spliced variant detected most frequently. Twelve other pgRNA spliced variant transcripts were identified, including 3 previously unidentified transcripts, although spliced isoform identification was very dependent on the workflow used to analyze sequence data. Longitudinal sampling among pregnant and post-partum antiviral-treated individuals showed increasing proportions of 3′ truncated pgRNA variants over time.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated long-read sequencing as a promising tool for the characterization of the serum HBV transcriptome. However, further studies are needed to better understand how serum HBV RNA isoform type and proportion are linked to CHB disease progression and antiviral treatment response.
Neural correlates of the sound facilitation effect in the modified Simon task in older adults
Authors: Manelis Anna , Hu Hang , Miceli Rachel , Satz Skye , Schwalbe Marie 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe ability to resolve interference declines with age and is attributed to neurodegeneration and reduced cognitive function and mental alertness in older adults. Our previous study revealed that task-irrelevant but environmentally meaningful sounds improve performance on the modified Simon task in older adults. However, little is known about neural correlates of this sound facilitation effect.MethodsTwenty right-handed older adults [mean age = 72 (SD = 4), 11 female] participated in the fMRI study. They performed the modified Simon task in which the arrows were presented either in the locations matching the arrow direction (congruent trials) or in the locations mismatching the arrow direction (incongruent trials). A total of 50% of all trials were accompanied by task-irrelevant but environmentally meaningful sounds.ResultsParticipants were faster on the trials with concurrent sounds, independently of whether trials were congruent or incongruent. The sound effect was associated with activation in the distributed network of auditory, posterior parietal, frontal, and limbic brain regions. The magnitude of the behavioral facilitation effect due to sound was associated with the changes in activation of the bilateral auditory cortex, cuneal cortex, and occipital fusiform gyrus, precuneus, left superior parietal lobule (SPL) for No Sound vs. Sound trials. These changes were associated with the corresponding changes in reaction time (RT). Older adults with a recent history of falls showed greater activation in the left SPL than those without falls history.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with the dedifferentiation hypothesis of cognitive aging. The facilitatory effect of sound could be achieved through recruitment of excessive neural resources, which allows older adults to increase attention and mental alertness during task performance. Considering that the SPL is critical for integration of multisensory information, individuals with slower task responses and those with a history of falls may need to recruit this region more actively than individuals with faster responses and those without a fall history to overcome increased difficulty with interference resolution. Future studies should examine the relationship among activation in the SPL, the effect of sound, and falls history in the individuals who are at heightened risk of falls.
Xenon inhalation attenuates neuronal injury and prevents epilepsy in febrile seizure Sprague-Dawley pups
Authors: Cheng Yao , Zhai Yujie , Yuan Yi , Li Hao , Zhao Wenke , Fan Zhenhai , Zhou Ling , Gao Xue , Zhan Yan , Sun Hongliu 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundFebrile seizures (FS) usually occur in childhood and may cause irreversible neuronal damage, cognitive functional defects, and an increase in the risk of epilepsy later in life. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), currently used to treat FS in children, can relieve seizures. However, their effects in preventing the risk of developing epilepsy in later life are unsatisfactory. Moreover, AEDs may damage child brain development. Here, we evaluated the efficiency of xenon in treating prolonged FS (PFS) and preventing epilepsy in Sprague-Dawley pups.MethodsProlonged FS was induced by hyperthermic treatment. After 90 min of PFS, the pups in the xenon treatment group were immediately treated with 70% xenon/21% oxygen/9% nitrogen for 60 min. The levels of glutamate, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitophagy, and neuronal injury, seizures, learning, and memory functions were measured at specific time points.ResultsNeonatal period PFS led to spontaneous seizure, learning and memory dysfunction, accompanied by increased levels of glutamate, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitophagy, and neuronal injury. Xenon treatment alleviated the changes caused by PFS and reduced the risk of PFS developing into epilepsy later.ConclusionOur results suggest that xenon inhalation could be a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate neuronal injury and prevent epilepsy in patients with FS.
Epilepsy phenotype and gene ontology analysis of the 129 genes in a large neurodevelopmental disorders cohort
Authors: Ko Young Jun , Kim Soo Yeon , Lee Seungbok , Yoon Jihoon G. , Kim Man Jin , Jun Hyeji , Kim Hunmin , Chae Jong-Hee , Kim Ki Joong , Kim Kwangsoo , Lim Byung Chan 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveAlthough pediatric epilepsy is an independent disease entity, it is often observed in pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) as a major or minor clinical feature, which might provide diagnostic clues. This study aimed to identify the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with epilepsy in an NDD cohort and demonstrate the importance of genetic testing.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the detailed clinical differences of pediatric NDD patients with epilepsy according to their genetic etiology. Among 1,213 patients with NDDs, 477 were genetically diagnosed by exome sequencing, and 168 had epilepsy and causative variants in 129 genes. Causative genes were classified into two groups: (i) the “epilepsy-genes” group resulting in epilepsy as the main phenotype listed in OMIM, Epi25, and ClinGen (67 patients) and (ii) the “NDD-genes” group not included in the “epilepsy-genes” group (101 patients).ResultsPatients in the “epilepsy-genes” group started having seizures, often characterized by epilepsy syndrome, at a younger age. However, overall clinical features, including treatment responses and all neurologic manifestations, showed no significant differences between the two groups. Gene ontology analysis revealed the close interactions of epilepsy genes associated with ion channels and neurotransmitters.ConclusionWe demonstrated a similar clinical presentation of different gene groups regarding biological/molecular processes in a large NDDs cohort with epilepsy. Phenotype-driven genetic analysis should cover a broad scope, and further studies are required to elucidate integrated pathomechanisms.
Levels of Bisphenol A and its analogs in nails, saliva, and urine of children: a case control study
Authors: Gálvez-Ontiveros Yolanda , Moscoso-Ruiz Inmaculada , Almazán Fernández de Bobadilla Vega , Monteagudo Celia , Giménez-Martínez Rafael , Rodrigo Lourdes , Zafra-Gómez Alberto , Rivas Ana 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionA growing number of studies link the increase in overweight/obesity worldwide to exposure to certain environmental chemical pollutants that display obesogenic activity (obesogens). Since exposure to obesogens during the first stages of life has been shown to have a more intense and pronounced effect at lower doses, it is imperative to study their possible effects in childhood. The objective here was to study the association of Bisphenol A (BPA) and 11 BPA analogs in children, using three biological matrices (nails, saliva and urine), and overweight and obesity (n = 160).MethodsIn this case–control study, 59 overweight/obese children and 101 controls were included. The measuring of Bisphenols in the matrices was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Logistic regression was used to study the association between overweight/obesity and Bisphenol exposure.ResultsThe results suggested that BPF in nails is associated with overweight/ obesity in children (OR:4.87; p = 0.020). In saliva, however, the highest detected concentrations of BPAF presented an inverse association (OR: 0.06; p = 0.010) with overweight/obesity. No associations of statistical significance were detected between exposure to BPA or its other analogs and overweight/obesity in any of the biological matrices.