bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fc-engineered monoclonal antibodies to reduce off-target liver uptake
Authors: Mangeat Tristan , Gracia Matthieu , Pichard Alexandre , Poty Sophie , Martineau Pierre , Robert Bruno , Deshayes Emmanuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Radiolabeled-antibodies usually display non-specific liver accumulation that may impair image analysis and antibody biodistribution. Here, we investigated whether Fc silencing influenced antibody biodistribution. We compared recombinant 89Zr-labeled antibodies (human IgG1 against different targets) with wild-type Fc and with mutated Fc (LALAPG triple mutation to prevent binding to Fc gamma receptors; FcγR). After antibody injection in mice harboring xenografts of different tumor cell lines or of immortalized human myoblasts, we analyzed antibody biodistribution by PET-CT and conventional biodistribution analysis.

Results
Accumulation in liver was strongly reduced and tumor-specific targeting was increased for the antibodies with mutated Fc compared with wild-type Fc.

Conclusion
Antibodies with reduced binding to FcγR display lower liver accumulation and better tumor-to-liver ratios. These findings need to be taken into account to improve antibody-based theragnostic approaches.
Exogenous nitrogen input skews estimates of microbial nitrogen use efficiency by ecoenzymatic stoichiometry
Authors: Sun Lifei , Moorhead Daryl L. , Cui Yongxing , Wanek Wolfgang , Li Shuailin , Wang Chao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models (EEST) are often used to evaluate microbial nutrient use efficiency, but the validity of these models under exogenous nitrogen (N) input has never been clarified. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term N addition (as urea) on microbial N use efficiency (NUE), compared EEST and 18O-labeling methods for determining NUE, and evaluated EEST’s theoretical assumption that the ratios of standard ecoenzymatic activities balance resource availability with microbial demand.

Results
We found that NUE estimated by EEST ranged from 0.94 to 0.98. In contrast, estimates of NUE by the 18O-labeling method ranged from 0.07 to 0.30. The large differences in NUE values estimated by the two methods may be because the sum of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities in the EEST model was not limited to microbial N acquisition under exogenous N inputs, resulting in an overestimation of microbial NUE by EEST. In addition, the acquisition of carbon by N-acquiring enzymes also likely interferes with the evaluation of NUE by EEST.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that caution must be exercised when using EEST to evaluate NUE under exogenous N inputs that may skew standard enzyme assays.
Ferrostatin-1 facilitated neurological functional rehabilitation of spinal cord injury mice by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Zhou Zhenhai , Luo Hao , Yu Honggui , Liu Zhiming , Zhong Junlong , Xiong Jiachao , Cao Kai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
To seek the potential therapy for spinal cord injury, Ferrostatin-1, the first ferroptosis inhibitor, was administrated in spinal cord injury mice to identify the therapeutic effect.

Methods
Spinal cord injury model was established by a modified Allen’s method. Then, ferrostatin-1 was administrated by intraspinal injection. Cortical evoked motor potential and BMS were indicated to assess the neurological function rehabilitation. H&E, Nissl’s staining, NeuN, and GFAP immunofluorescence were used to identify the histological manifestation on the mice with the injured spinal cord. Spinosin, a selective small molecule activator of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, was administrated to verify the underlying mechanism of ferrostatin-1.

Results
Ferrostatin-1 promoted the rehabilitation of cortical evoked motor potential and BMS scores, synchronized with improvement in the histological manifestation of neuron survival and scar formation. Spinosin disturbed the benefits of ferrostatin-1 administration on histological and neurobehavioral manifestation by deranging the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Conclusions
Ferrostatin-1 improved the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury mice by regulating ferroptosis through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Mechanisms underlying the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the placental injury and fetal growth restriction in an ovine gestation model
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zha Xia , Zheng Yi , Liu Xiaoyun , Elsabagh Mabrouk , Wang Hongrong , Jiang Honghua , Wang Mengzhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundExposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental pollutant known for its endocrine-disrupting properties, during gestation has been reported to increase the risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR) in an ovine model of pregnancy. We hypothesized that the FGR results from the BPA-induced insufficiency and barrier dysfunction of the placenta, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). However, precise mechanisms underlying the BPA-induced placental dysfunction, and subsequently, FGR, as well as the potential involvement of placental ERS in these complications, remain to be investigated.MethodsIn vivo experiment, 16 twin-pregnant (from d 40 to 130 of gestation) Hu ewes were randomly distributed into two groups (8 ewes each). One group served as a control and received corn oil once a day, whereas the other group received BPA (5 mg/kg/d as a subcutaneous injection). In vitro study, ovine trophoblast cells (OTCs) were exposed to 4 treatments, 6 replicates each. The OTCs were treated with 400 μmol/L BPA, 400 μmol/L BPA + 0.5 μg/mL tunicamycin (Tm; ERS activator), 400 μmol/L BPA + 1 μmol/L 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA; ERS antagonist) and DMEM/F12 complete medium (control), for 24 h.ResultsIn vivo experiments, pregnant Hu ewes receiving the BPA from 40 to 130 days of pregnancy experienced a decrease in placental efficiency, progesterone (P4) level and fetal weight, and an increase in placental estrogen (E2) level, together with barrier dysfunctions, OS, inflammatory responses, autophagy and ERS in type A cotyledons. In vitro experiment, the OTCs exposed to BPA for 24 h showed an increase in the E2 level and related protein and gene expressions of autophagy, ERS, pro-apoptosis and inflammatory response, and a decrease in the P4 level and the related protein and gene expressions of antioxidant, anti-apoptosis and barrier function. Moreover, treating the OTCs with Tm aggravated BPA-induced dysfunction of barrier and endocrine (the increased E2 level and decreased P4 level), OS, inflammatory responses, autophagy, and ERS. However, treating the OTCs with 4-PBA reversed the counteracted effects of Tm mentioned above.ConclusionsIn general, the results reveal that BPA exposure can cause ERS in the ovine placenta and OTCs, and ERS induction might aggravate BPA-induced dysfunction of the placental barrier and endocrine, OS, inflammatory responses, and autophagy. These data offer novel mechanistic insights into whether ERS is involved in BPA-mediated placental dysfunction and fetal development.
Cognitive flexibility and DSM-5 severity criteria for eating disorders: assessing drive for thinness and duration of illness as alternative severity variables
Authors: Mora-Maltas Bernat , Lucas Ignacio , Granero Roser , Vintró-Alcaraz Cristina , Miranda-Olivos Romina , Baenas Isabel , Sánchez Isabel , Jiménez-del Toro Jessica , Sánchez-González Jéssica , Krug Isabel , Tapia Javier , Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Fernández-Aranda Fernando 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The severity criteria for eating disorders (EDs) proposed in the DSM-5 have been established without sufficient empirical support. Drive for thinness (DT) and duration of illness have been proposed as two alternative severity measures, however their empirical evidence is also limited. To date, no research has assessed the validity of current eating disorder (ED) severity criteria regarding cognitive flexibility factors. Cognitive flexibility is often impaired in EDs, becoming a possible severity symptom. The current study assessed for the first time (1) whether the severity indexes for EDs proposed in the DSM-5 were associated with deficits in cognitive flexibility and, (2) whether drive for thinness and illness duration, acted as an alternative, more meaningful severity indices for deficiencies in cognitive flexibility.

Methods
Participants were 161 patients diagnosed with an ED, who were categorized according to DSM-5 severity categories, DT and duration of illness. Discriminative capacity of each classification was assessed for cognitive flexibility measured by Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST).

Results
The findings for the DSM-5 classification comprised: (a) In the anorexia nervosa (AN) group, patients with moderate severity showed better scores in WCST than patients with mild and severe/extreme severity. Also, patients with moderate severity showed lower percentage of cognitive flexibility deficits than the other two severity categories; (b) For the binge spectrum disorders (BSD) group, the patients with mild severity showed a higher percentage of cognitive flexibility deficits than did the moderate and severe/extreme categories. When assessing the alternative severity index of DT, no differences were found in cognitive flexibility in any of the groups. Regarding illness duration, in the AN group the task performance of the patients with longer illness duration was worse than the performance of the short duration group and, in the BSD group, patients with longer duration also showed more deficits in cognitive flexibility than the patients with shorter duration of illness.

Conclusions
Our findings point out the limitations of the DSM-5 severity criteria to categorize cognitive flexibility in EDs and support illness duration as an alternative severity approach for EDs.
Effects of family-based treatment on adolescent outpatients treated for anorexia nervosa in the Eating Disorder Unit of Helsinki University Hospital
Authors: Oshukova Svetlana , Suokas Jaana , Nordberg Mai , Ålgars Monica 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) has stronger evidence of efficacy in comparison with individual therapy, and family-based treatment (FBT) is the most evaluated in numerous randomized clinical trials. However, few studies have focused on how FBT performs outside of research settings. The current study is the first to assess clinical outcomes of FBT for adolescent AN in Finland, in a specialized outpatient clinic.

Aim
The naturalistic outcome of outpatient FBT for adolescent AN was investigated.

Methods
Fifty-two female patients and their families who received FBT at a tertiary eating disorders unit participated in the study. Data on their pre-treatment parameters, treatment details, and condition at the end of treatment (EOT) was collected from their medical records.

Results
At EOT, a majority (61.5%) had achieved a full weight restoration [percentage of expected body weight (%EBW) ≥ 95%]. Participants with an %EBW ≥ 95 at EOT had a significantly higher pre-treatment %EBW than those with an EBW < 95% at EOT. Participants with an EBW ≥ 95% at EOT showed significantly higher total weight gain during the treatment period, a higher rate of regular menstrual periods at EOT, significantly lower rates of dietary restrictions, and less cognitive or behavioral symptoms of the eating disorder overall, compared to participants who did not achieve a normal body weight. In 22 cases (42.3%), there was no need for further treatment at the end of FBT. Participants who needed further treatment after FBT, compared to those who did not, showed significantly higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity, history of mental health treatment, and need for psychopharmacological treatment.

Conclusions
In this naturalistic study, and in line with previous studies, FBT for AN appeared to be an effective and sometimes sufficient intervention, especially for patients with milder weight deficit and less severe psychiatric comorbidities. The results show that FBT can be successfully implemented in Finland and suggest that training more ED clinicians in FBT would be beneficial.
Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered on February 8th, 2023, in ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System, identifier: NCT05734573.
Improved recovery of NO2 sensors using heterojunctions between transition metal dichalcogenides and ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Leilei , Choi Jungwook 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe stable recovery of gas sensors is an important indicator for evaluating their performance. Hitherto, the use of external light sources and/or an increase in the operating temperature has been effective in improving the recovery rate of gas sensors. Herein, heterojunctions were formed between the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets and zero-dimensional ZnO nanoparticles to improve the recovery rate of a NO2 sensor. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy suggested a successful deposition of ZnO nanoparticles onto the MoS2 and WSe2 nanosheets. The sensing response to 10 ppm NO2 gas at 100 °C indicated that the heterojunction formed by ZnO and MoS2 or WSe2 successfully improved the recovery rate of the sensor by 11.87% and 19.44%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity remained constant. The proposed approach contributes to improving the performance of gas sensors.
Level of detail (LoD) geometric analysis of relief mapping employing 3D modeling via UAV images in cultural heritage studies
Authors: Ergun Bahadir , Sahin Cumhur , Bilucan Furkan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are often preferred for modeling cultural heritage buildings due to their costs and time savings. The need for data collection, analysis, processing, and visual presentation in the context of cultural heritage buildings has become prominent, underscoring the significance of the concept of Level of Detail (LoD). The utilization of CityGML LoD standards enhances the performance of visual presentations, decreases the geometric complexity of objects, and enables users to view the model at the desired level of detail within a computerized environment. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to determine the accuracy analysis of the 3D model for a cultural building, which is named Hekimbaşı Hunting Lodge, at different LoDs. Drawings were created at LoD 0-1-2-3 levels with 418 photographs taken by the UAV photogrammetry method. Additionally, conservative and UAV measures of facade detail at the same LoD were compared in terms of accuracy. As a result, RMSE values for X, Y, and Z axes at LoD3 standard were calculated as 1.394 cm, 0.861 cm, and 0.694 cm, respectively. It has been concluded that the high-accuracy LoD models for the cultural building could be produced using the UAV photogrammetry method at the desired accuracy.
The role of media in influencing students’ STEM career interest
Authors: Chen Chen , Hardjo Stephanie , Sonnert Gerhard , Hui Jiaojiao , Sadler Philip M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Digital media are pervasive in the lives of young people and provide opportunities for them to learn about STEM. Multiple theories argue that the STEM media environment may shape how youth see a STEM career in their future. Yet, little is known about how pre-college digital media consumption may be related to students’ STEM career interest at the beginning of college. The wide variety of STEM media also raises the question of potentially different effects and pathways by media type. In this study, we collected a nationally representative sample of more than 15,000 students in their first year in U.S. colleges and universities. We asked about their career interests at the beginning of college and also asked them to retrospectively report their STEM media consumption during high school.

Results
We found that watching STEM-related TV and online videos, as well as playing STEM-related video games during high school, were positively associated with students’ STEM career interests at the beginning of college. However, we also found that STEM media consumption did not impact directly on STEM career interest, but acted through two intermediaries: STEM identity (I and others see me as a STEM person) and three personal career outcome expectations: a high interest in self-development (enhancement and use of talents), and low interests in material status (money, fame, power) and in interpersonal relationships (helping, and working with, other people).

Conclusions
This study finds that STEM media have a significant effect in fostering STEM career interest, with most of the effect coming from STEM TV, STEM video viewing, and STEM video games. The effect is mediated mainly through students’ identity and, to a lesser extent, through personal values, such as self-development, material, and interpersonal relationship values. This study suggests that media communication should be mindful of how different platforms may deliver nuanced and varied messages of what STEM careers may afford and who can succeed in STEM.
Seismic noise between 0.003 Hz and 1.0 Hz and its classification
Authors: Tanimoto Toshiro , Anderson Aaron 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is now established that the primary microseism, the secondary microseisms, and the hum are the three main components of seismic noise in the frequency band from about 0.003 Hz to 1.0 Hz. Monthly averages of seismic noise are dominated by these signals in seismic noise. There are, however, some temporary additional signals in the same frequency band, such as signals from tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons) in the ocean and on land, stormquakes, weather bombs, tornadoes, and wind-related atmospheric pressure loading. We review these effects, lasting only from a few hours to a week but are significant signals. We also attempt to classify all seismic noise. We point out that there are two broad types of seismic noise, the propagating seismic waves and the quasi-static deformations. The latter type is observed only for surface pressure changes at close distances. It has been known since about 1970 but has not been emphasized in recent literature. Recent data based on co-located pressure and seismic instruments clearly show its existence. Because the number of phenomena in the first type is large, we propose to classify all seismic noise into three categories: (1) propagating seismic waves from ocean sources, (2) propagating seismic waves from on-land sources, and (3) quasi-static deformation at ocean bottom and on land. The microseisms and the hum are in the first category although there are differences in the detailed processes of their excitation mechanisms. We will also classify temporary signals by these categories.
Historical and current knowledge of the Magellanic tuco-tuco Ctenomys magellanicus in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, South America
Authors: Jaksic Fabian M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundI review the natural history of the tuco-tucoCtenomys magellanicusin Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, southernmost geographic regions shared by Argentina and Chile. By natural history I mean both historical records and ecological features of this gregarious burrowing rodent.Methods and resultsI conducted a selective review of the natural history ofC. magellanicus, as recorded in mainstream journals and proceedings, landmark monographs and books, and internet sources. I report results on: (a) Original description, (b) Diversity and distribution, (c) Life history, (d) Interactions with plants and herbivorous competitors, (e) Interactions with predators other than humans, (f) Interactions with humans, and (g) Abundance and conservation. I also enter the anthropology field, but I only touch the archeology field. Although this review is not on the systematics ofC. magellanicus, I do provide an updated overview of the phylogenetics-based taxonomy of the genus where it belongs.DiscussionThere is a rather large body of literature onC. magellanicus,comprising the fields of anthropology, archeology, biogeography, biology, ecology, and systematics. These areas are broadly covered but thinly treated, offering interesting opportunities for further research. For instance, on adaptation, evolution, and environmental impact of the southernmost burrowing rodent in the world and its cultural impact on vanishing native peoples, especially the Selk’nam.
Successful conservative treatment for massive tracheal necrosis after lung segmentectomy
Authors: Tsubokawa Norifumi , Mimura Takeshi , Tadokoro Kazuki , Yamashita Yoshinori 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tracheal necrosis, which is rare because the trachea has rich in blood supply, can be a serious condition. Herein, we report the case of extensive tracheal necrosis that developed after right apical segmentectomy for a metastatic lung tumor of esophageal cancer.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old man who had undergone thoracoscopic subtotal esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction via the posterior sternal route for esophageal adenocarcinoma 2 years previously was referred to our department with an enlarging nodal lesion in the right upper lung lobe. Computed tomography revealed a 30-mm tumor in the right apical segment with no lymph node enhancement, suggesting primary lung cancer or a metastatic lung tumor. The patient underwent right apical segmentectomy. The upper lobe was adherent to the chest wall and mediastinal fat from the apex of the lung to the dorsal side, with particularly strong adhesion at the esophagectomy site. After dissecting the adhesions, right apical segmentectomy was performed via complete video-assisted thoracic surgery. The patient was discharged on the 9th day after surgery without any complications. Pathologic findings revealed a metastatic lung tumor originating from the patient’s esophageal cancer. On the 26th day after surgery, the patient returned with dyspnea and increased sputum. Computed tomography images revealed that the posterior wall of the trachea was missing an area of 16 × 42 mm and was connected to the dead space after the right apical segmentectomy, with no effusion. We diagnosed extensive tracheal necrosis. Considering that the patient’s status was very well despite the extensive tracheal necrosis, we chose conservative treatment. After receiving 12 days of intravenous antibiotic treatment, his symptoms improved, and he was discharged on day 26 after admission.

Conclusions
Right upper lung lobe resection after esophagectomy has a risk of tracheal necrosis. Conservative treatment is one approach to manage massive tracheal necrosis in patients with stable respiratory conditions.