bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Granzyme K Is a Feature of Innate T Cells in Blood, Tissues, and Tumors, Responding to Cytokines Rather than TCR Stimulation
Authors: Duquette Danielle , Harmon Cathal , Zaborowski Alexandra , Michelet Xavier , O’Farrelly Cliona , Winter Des , Koay Hui-Fern , Lynch Lydia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
NK cells and CD8 T cells use cytotoxic molecules to kill virally infected and tumor cell targets. While perforin and granzyme B (GzmB) are the most commonly studied lytic molecules, less is known about granzyme K (GzmK). However, this granzyme has been recently associated with improved prognosis in solid tumors. In this study, we show that, in humans, GzmK is predominantly expressed by innate-like lymphocytes, as well as a newly identified population of GzmK+CD8+ non– mucosal-associated invariant T cells with innate-like characteristics. We found that GzmK+ T cells are KLRG1+EOMES+IL-7R+CD62L−Tcf7int, suggesting that they are central memory T and effector memory T cells. Furthermore, GzmK+ cells are absent/low in cord blood, suggesting that GzmK is upregulated with immune experience. Surprisingly, GzmK+ cells respond to cytokine stimuli alone, whereas TCR stimulation downregulates GzmK expression, coinciding with GzmB upregulation. GzmK+ cells have reduced IFN-γ production compared with GzmB+ cells in each T cell lineage. Collectively, this suggests that GzmK+ cells are not naive, and they may be an intermediate memory-like or preterminally differentiated population. GzmK+ cells are enriched in nonlymphoid tissues such as the liver and adipose. In colorectal cancer, GzmK+ cells are enriched in the tumor and can produce IFN-γ, but GzmK+ expression is mutually exclusive with IL-17a production. Thus, in humans, GzmK+ cells are innate memory-like cells that respond to cytokine stimulation alone and may be important effector cells in the tumor.
Hearing loss and tinnitus associated with COVID-19 vaccines: An analysis from the national pharmacovigilance database in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Sing Chet , Wo Wee Kee , Yeoh Hee Sheong , Choo Sim Mei , Ramli Azuana 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare the reporting pattern of hearing loss and tinnitus across different vaccines brands used in Malaysia (BNT162b2, CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, Ad5.CoV2-S and BBIBP-CorV).

Methods:
This retrospective study included all reports of hearing loss and tinnitus occurring after COVID-19 vaccination that were received in the national pharmacovigilance database, QUEST, from February 24, 2021 through July 31, 2022. Reports given causality consistent or indeterminate were included.

Results:
There were 21 cases of hearing loss, with overall reporting rate of 0.29 cases per million doses. The rate was similar across BNT162b2, CoronaVac and ChAdOx1. For tinnitus, 35 cases were reported, with the overall reporting rate of 0.49 cases per million doses, and the highest rate was reported for ChAdOx1. For both events, most cases aged 30 to 49 years. No gender disparity was observed. Both events were mainly reported to have occurred after the primary doses, with a median time-to-onset of two days. There were no statistically significant differences in the reporting patterns for both events across BNT162b2, CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 by age group, gender, race, and dose number.

Conclusions:
Despite the low reporting rates and insufficient evidence to confirm its relationship, hearing loss and tinnitus following vaccinations should not be ignored due to its disabling potential and impact on one's quality of life. Continual reporting is encouraged for better signal characterization in the future.
Rhinofacial conidiobolomycosis in an immunocompetent 30-year-old male: A case report
Authors: Kundu Sourav , Chakraborty Sambudhya 
Published: July 2023

Rationale:
Fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare entity in immunocompetent patients and is a diagnostic challenge. Conidiobolomycosis is a rare cause of fungal rhinosinusitis which happens to affect immunocompetent patients.

Patient concerns:
A 30-year-old male patient complained of painless progressive swelling of nose for 5 years and painless progressive swelling of upper lip for 4 years associated with nasal obstruction for 5 years.

Diagnosis:
Rhinofacial conidiobolomycosis.

Interventions:
Systemic anti-fungals and saturated solution of potassium iodide.

Outcomes:
Swelling initially reduced but again increased eventually as he discontinued treatment.

Lessons:
Proper adherence to drugs and need for facial reconstructive surgery may need to be considered in such cases of conidiobolomycosis.
Cryptotanshinone ameliorates cladribine-induced cognitive impairment in rats
Authors: Aran Khadga Raj , Gupta G. D. , Singh Shamsher 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of cryptotanshinone against cladribine-induced cognitive impairment in rats.

Methods:
Rats were administered with cladribine (1 mg/kg, p.o.) and cryptotanshinone (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) for four weeks. Behavioral tests such as Morris water maze and elevated plus maze were conducted to check memory impairment caused by cladribine. On day 29, all rats were sacrificed, and the brains were separated for estimation of neuroinflammatory factors, biochemical parameters, neurotransmitters, Aβ(1-42), blood-brain barrier permeability, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Results:
Treatment with cryptotanshinone dose-dependently enhanced spatial memory, improved the levels of neurotransmitter and antioxidant enzymes, and suppressed proinflammatory cytokine release. Cryptotanshinone also decreased Aβ(1-42) accumulation and increased the levels of Nrf2 and BDNF in the hippocampus. Additionally, the histopathological results showed that cryptotanshinone reduced cladribine-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus.

Conclusions:
Cryptotanshinone exhibits a promising neuroprotective effect against cladribine-induced cognitive impairment in preclinical studies, and may be a potential phytochemical for the treatment and management of cognitive impairment.
Myricetin alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice by regulating Th1/Th2 balance
Authors: Shi Ya-Nan , Su Jin-Zhu , Wang Juan , Geng Jiang-Qiao 
Published: July 2023

Objective:To evaluate the effect of myricetin on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in mice.Methods:Mice were sensitized and challenged using OVA (5%, 500 mL) intraperitoneally and intranasally, respectively, on an alternative day for 14 days, followed by administration of myricetin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) till day 21. Nasal symptoms, biochemical parameters, protein expressions, and histopathology were observed.Results:OVA-induced increased nasal symptoms including rubbing, sneezing, and discharge were significantly reduced by myricetin (100 and 200 mg/kg) (P<0.05). Myricetin also protected against histamine challenge and attenuated elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE; total and OVA-specific), total IgG1, and β-hexosaminidase levels, as well as leukotriene C4 and interleukins levels in nasal lavage fluid (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that myricetin significantly upregulated the protein expression of T-box expressed in T cells, while downregulating the protein expression of GATA binding protein 3, NF-κB, and 1κВ-α (P<0.05). Additionally, OVA-induced histopathological abberations in the nasal mucosa was markedly ameliorated by myricetin treatment (P<0.05).Conclusions:Myricetin exerts anti-allergic effects against OVA-induced allergic rhinitisviaregulating Th1/Th2 balance.
Comparative evaluation of biological, mechanical, and patient-reported outcomes of angulated screw channel abutments versus multi-unit abutment-retained single-unit implant restorations in the anterior esthetic zone: An-in vivo study
Authors: Varshney Niyati , Kusum Chandan Kumar , Trivedi Anshul , Kaushik Mayur , Dubey Prajesh , Bali Yashika 
Published: July 2023

Aims:The study aimed to evaluate biological, mechanical, and patient reported parameters associated with ASC abutments and MU abutments for the fabrication of screw retained implant crowns in the anterior esthetic zone.Setting and Design:For the study, 20 patients were selected and implants were placed within the constraints of prosthetic envelope. Later, the screw retained crown was fabricated.Materials and Methods:Biological parameters (including implant survival rate, marginal bone levels using cone beam computed tomography, and soft tissue assessment using periodontal indices) were measured at the time of crown placement and 1 year follow up. Mechanical parameter (screw loosening) was calculated using removal torque loss (RTL) values obtained at the time of crown placement and 1 year follow up. Patient reported parameters were evaluated using a questionnaire at 1 year follow up.Statistical Analysis Used:All data were tabulated, statistically analyzed, and compared using SPSS version 23 IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA.Results:Implant survival was found 100% in both the groups. The marginal bone level reduced considerably in both the groups from baseline to 1 year follow up. The MU abutment group had slightly less marginal bone loss than the ASC abutment group. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups’ periodontal indices at baseline and 1-year follow-up values. At baseline, the RTL value was substantially lower (P<0.003) in the ASC abutment group than in the MU abutment group, however at the 1-year follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in RTL or screw loosening between the two groups. Patient-reported data showed no statistically significant difference.Conclusion:Within the constraints of this study, it was suggested that both ASC and MU abutments provide equally promising results in terms of biological, mechanical, and patient-reported parameters in the anterior esthetic region for single screw-retained crowns.
An in vivo study to assess and compare the angular, linear, and depth deviation as well as the difference in bone density of implants placed using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing fabricated three-dimensional guides versus the implants placed using bone pen kit in maxillary and mandibular ridges
Authors: Aggarwal Shipra , Aggarwal Sumit , Goswami Roma , Mowar Apoorva , Tomar Nitin , Saxena Deepesh 
Published: July 2023

Aim:
The aim is to assess and compare angular, linear, and depth deviation and difference in bone density of dental implants placed using computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabricated surgical guides versus implants placed using Bone Pen Kit. Till now, no original research exists in the search engines such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Research Gate on this kit.

Settings and Design:

In vivo- Randomised control trial.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty clinical cases were selected and split into two distinct groups. Group 1 involved the placement of 10 implants using CAD/CAM fabricated three dimensional guides and Group 2 involved the placement of 10 implants using Bone Pen Kit. Four deviation parameters were evaluated, which included: (a) Angular deviation, (b) Linear deviation at implant platform, (c) Linear deviation at implant apex, and (d) Depth deviation and difference in bone density before and after implant placement was also evaluated.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS software version 23 was utilized for the analysis of the data. The comparison was made using the Whitney test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results:
When comparing angular deviation, the results indicated a statistically significant difference with a P < 0.05. The values observed for angular and linear deviation in Group 2 were significantly greater than those in Group 1. No statistically significant difference in depth and linear deviation was found at the implant platform among the two groups. Bone density before and after implant placement was significantly higher in Group 1.

Conclusions:
(1) Angular and linear deviation at the apex in Group 2 exhibited higher values in comparison to Group 1, (2) No difference in depth and linear deviation at the implant platform was found among the two groups, and (3) There was no difference in change in bone density among two groups.
Knowledge and Information Resources about Child Abuse among Government and Private Dental Practitioner in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh RK , Singh A , Anand S , Kumar D , Ahmad A , Tanwar AS 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
To evaluate knowledge, attitude, and information sources about child abuse and neglect (CAN) among dentists in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh state, India.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey was carried out of dentist working in government and private hospitals in the Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh State, India (n = 674). The structured questionnaire was sent through electronic mail that contained the consent form, instructions for filling, and returning the questionnaire. The data obtained were systematically compiled and the Chi-square test was applied to test the association. The significance level of P ≤ 0.05 was applied.

Results:
A maximum number of dental practitioners from the government (81.97%) and private sector (85.98%) were aware of the child protection law. A significant number of government and private dental practitioners were satisfied with their knowledge (p = 0.0092); however, 83.79% suggested that the continuing education programs/courses were important tool to update their knowledge. The girl child was maximum sufferer (p = 0.0056) of CAN. Only 14.08% of practitioners acted on the suspected cases, and a statistical significant relation was observed between the government and private dental practitioners for not taking any action on child abuse and neglect (p = 0.0010).

Conclusions:
Data from this study may provide a useful contribution to the current limited knowledge about the familiarity of dental practitioners with child maltreatment and their skills to recognize and manage CAN cases in their practice. The majority of dental practitioners knew about the child protection law in India, but they were reluctant to report such cases due to the fear of anger from the parents and family of the child. Continuing education programs/courses were the most preferred method for increasing the knowledge regarding CAN. They should report the CAN cases to local legislators and health authorities so to prevent child abuse and neglect from ever occurring.
Can Affinity of Hemoglobin to Oxygen to be a Prognostic Marker in Critically ill COVID-19 patients?
Authors: Alay GH , Tatlisuluoglu D , Turan G 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study’s objective is to determine the slope of the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve in critically ill patients who have COVID-19 along with blood gas measurements and how mortality might be impacted by this circumstance.

Aim:
It has been reported that the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve is not different from healthy patients in COVID-19. However, there are insufficient data on the behavior of the curve in patients who require intensive care.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted between 01.03.2021 and 01.07.2021 with patients who were followed up due to COVID-19 in adult intensive care unit. P50 and lactate value obtained from in vitro calculated blood gas analysis. The survival status of the patients was recorded.

Results:
The mean P50 value at the admission of nonsurvivors was significantly higher than survivors. In correlation analysis, a significant positive correlation was seen between P50, mortality, and lactate level at admission. SpO2, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and length of stay in intensive care unit were significantly negatively correlated with P50 levels.

Conclusion:
A right shift in the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve is associated with mortality. Lactate levels were also associated with a right shift. Prospective experimental studies are needed to provide a better understanding of this process.
Pancreatic Morphology/Contour Variations should be Recognized and Remembered
Authors: Güler İ , Kavak RP 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pancreatic contour variations can be detected incidentally on computed tomography (CT). Recognition and remembering of these variations are important in volumetric measurements and surgery as well as in preventing misdiagnosis.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the morphology/contour variations in the pancreas head-neck, body-tail, and uncinate process with multi-detector CT (MDCT) examinations (triple phase CT abdomen).

Material and Method:
Around 1662 adult age (>18 years old) patients were evaluated retrospectively, and after exclusion criteria, 945 patients were included in the study. Aplasia and hypoplasia of the uncinate process were determined, and pancreatic contour variances were categorized according to the Ross et al. and Omeri et al. classifications. Pancreatic head–neck variants were categorized into Type I-anterior, Type II-posterior, and Type III-horizontal variations. Pancreatic body–tail variants were sectioned into Type Ia-anterior protrusion, Type Ib-posterior protrusion, and Types IIa-globular, IIb-lobulated, IIc-tapered, and IId-bifid pancreatic tail.

Results:
Of the 945 patients, 481 (50.9%) were female. The mean age was 43.28 ± 10.49 (min. 20–max. 68). In the evaluations made according to the uncinate process morphology variant, hypoplasia was detected in 66 (7%) patients and aplasia in 12 (1.3%) patients. Pancreatic head-neck and body-tail contour variations were observed in 596 (63.1%) patients. The most common head-neck variation was Type II in 233 (24.6%) patients, followed by type III in 96 (10.2%). There were Type Ia in 83 (8.8%) patients and Type Ib in 14 (1.5%) patients. The pancreatic tail configuration was normal in 792 (83.8%) patients; it was Type IIa in 62 (6.6%) patients and IIb in 50 (5.3%) patients. The most common variation was head and tail in 33 (3.5%) patients.

Discussion:
Pancreatic variations detected in CT examinations for distinct reasons are not rare; these variations should be recognized and remembered.
Effect of Piezoincision on the Rate of Mandibular Molar Mesialization: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Ogrenim M , Cesur MG , Demetoglu U , Yucel ZP , Avcı B 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
The aim of this clinic study was to investigate the effect of piezoincision on the rate of mandibular molar mesialization using clinical, radiological, and biochemical methods.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-one patients requiring mandibular first molar extraction and second molar mesialization were included in the study which was designed as split-mouth study. Piezoincision was performed on the buccal surface of alveolar bone following regional alignment to the randomly selected side. 150 g of force was applied to the second molar teeth using mini-screw-supported anchorage after the piezoincision. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and digital model records of the patients were obtained. Two- and three-dimensional measurements were performed and compared on the CBCT images in a study which lasted 24 weeks.

Results:
According to the model analysis, the canine-second molar distance was consistently reduced and a greater decrease was measured on the experimental group (p < 0.05). Second molar mesial rotations increased in both groups (p < 0.001). Two-dimensional measurements on CBCT images showed increased mesial and buccal tipping of second molars in experimental group (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in mesialization measurements of experimental group (p < 0.001). Three-dimensional measurements on the CBCT images showed a decrease of root length in both groups (p < 0.001), and a greater decrease was found in the experimental group (p < 0.001). When intra-group changes in GCF results were examined, it was observed that there was no significant change in osteoprotegerin (OPG) values over time in experimental group (p = 0.148).

Conclusion:
The piezoincision technique provided acceleration of mandibular molar mesialization and did not cause further damage to the buccal alveolar bone. Piezoincision can be used as a safe method in the mandibular molar region.
Effects of Oral Steroids Combined with Postauricular Steroid Injection on Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Delaying Intervention: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Liu ZB , Zhu WY , Fei B , Lv LY 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In the otology clinic, we often receive some sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients accompanied by annoying tinnitus, who usually visited over three weeks after the onset. Nevertheless, due to the high treatment cost and relatively low cure rate, there are still great disputes about hospitalization or not for these patients.

Aim:
This study aimed to perform a retrospective analysis for analyzing the efficacy of treatment with oral steroids combined with postauricular steroid injection in patients with delaying effective treatment.

Material/Methods:
A total of 157 eligible SSNHL patients with delaying effective treatment over three weeks were enrolled in this study. According to different treatment methods of oral steroids with or without postauricular steroid injection, these patients were divided into three groups: PO (prednisone oral) group, PSI (prednisone oral and postauricular steroid injection) group, and PII (prednisone oral and postauricular lidocaine injection) group. The changes in level of hearing, mean subjective tinnitus loudness, and side effects were analyzed in the three groups.

Results:
Hearing improvement and tinnitus remission were all observed in three groups after treatment. Compared with PO and PII groups, those patients in PSI groups had more improvement in level of hearing and mean subjective tinnitus. The level of tinnitus loudness was statistically significantly correlated with the level of PTA both before treatment and after treatment.

Conclusion:
Oral steroids combined with postauricular steroid injection should be employed for treatment of SSNHL patients with delaying effective treatment over three weeks.
Predictors of Mortality among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyefabi AM , Tobin West CI , Ameh S , Jiya EN , Sadiq A , Dauda H , Onoh M 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Specific death due to DR-TB has significantly contributed to tuberculosis (TB) mortality and overall global deaths.

Aim:
This study examines the predictors of mortality among DR-TB patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Subject and Method:
This was a retrospective longitudinal study of DR-TB mortality carried out among 370 DR-TB patients from the 23 LGAs in Kaduna State. It involves a retrospective review of the MDR-TB records of the patients over a period of 10 years (2012–2021). Demographic and clinical data of all DR-TB patients enrolled in Kaduna State, Nigeria, between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2021, were used. Survival analysis was performed with SPSS version 25, using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression modeling, at 5% significance level.

Results:
The majority of the patients, 255 (68.9%), were below the age of 40 years, while 53 (14.3%) of the patients died within the study period. Most deaths 26 (49.1%) were associated with HIV co-infection and the disease severity. Results for the Cox proportional model show that there was a significantly lower risk of death when a patient had MDR-TB compared to pre-XDR-TB (adjusted hazard ratio, AHR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16–0.72, P = 0.04). Both models show that age, sex, residence, or year of treatment had no significant association with survival or death.

Conclusion:
HIV co-infection and DRTB with progression to more resistant and difficult-to-treat strains contributed to higher deaths. There is a need for concerted efforts from all DR-TB stakeholders to control the disease.