bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterotrimeric G proteins regulate planarian regeneration and behavior
Authors: Jenkins Jennifer E , Roberts-Galbraith Rachel H 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors play broad roles in development and stem cell biology, but few roles for G protein-coupled receptor signaling in complex tissue regeneration have been uncovered. Planarian flatworms robustly regenerate all tissues and provide a model with which to explore potential functions for G protein-coupled receptor signaling in somatic regeneration and pluripotent stem cell biology. As a first step toward exploring G protein-coupled receptor function in planarians, we investigated downstream signal transducers that work with G protein-coupled receptors, called heterotrimeric G proteins. Here, we characterized the complete heterotrimeric G protein complement in Schmidtea mediterranea for the first time and found that 7 heterotrimeric G protein subunits promote regeneration. We further characterized 2 subunits critical for regeneration, Gαq1 and Gβ1-4a, finding that they promote the late phase of anterior polarity reestablishment, likely through anterior pole-produced Follistatin. Incidentally, we also found that 5 G protein subunits modulate planarian behavior. We further identified a putative serotonin receptor, gcr052, that we propose works with Gαs2 and Gβx2 in planarian locomotion, demonstrating the utility of our strategy for identifying relevant G protein-coupled receptors. Our work provides foundational insight into roles of heterotrimeric G proteins in planarian biology and serves as a useful springboard toward broadening our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in adult tissue regeneration.
Warm versus cold crust in the Tien Shan orogenic belt revealed by seismic Lg attenuation tomography
Authors: Ma Xiao , Zhao Lian-Feng , Xie Xiao-Bi , Chang Xu , Yao Zhen-Xing 
Published: February 2023

SUMMERY
Due to the far-field effect of the India–Eurasia collision, the Tien Shan orogenic belt has been undergoing reactivation and modification. Two end-member models of the geodynamic mechanisms are (1) surface uplift due to crustal shortening caused by lithospheric compression and (2) mountain formation resulting from thermal upwelling of asthenospheric mantle materials generated by lithospheric subduction. However, the topography along the Tien Shan orogenic belt changes significantly, and the deep structure and dynamic process are quite different beneath the Tien Shan orogenic belt from both geological and geophysical observations. Therefore, the reactivation and modification of the Tien Shan orogenic belt are likely influenced by both geodynamic mechanisms, which also generate various thermal anomalies in the crust. Seismic Lg-wave attenuation is very sensitive to crustal material composition and status and can point to the presence of partial melting within the crust resulting from mantle upwelling. In this study, we develop a high-resolution Lg-wave attenuation model between 0.05 and 10.0 Hz in Northwest China and use lateral attenuation variations to infer thermal structures in the crust. The central Tien Shan is characterized by prominent low-QLg anomalies, whereas relatively high-QLg distributions are imaged beneath the eastern and western Tien Shan. The surface uplift and crustal deformation are mostly related to the upwelling of hot mantle materials in the central Tien Shan and are likely induced by lithospheric compression in the eastern and western Tien Shan. However, low-Q anomalies are observed in the junction between the Pamir Plateau and western Tien Shan, indicating that the uplift in the south of the western Tien Shan is related to thermal subduction-induced upwelling and intrusion into the crust due to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The Kazakh Shield, characterized by pronounced high-QLg values, is likely a cold and hard terrane, and hence blocks the far-field effect of the India–Eurasia collision.
Exploring economic empowerment and gender issues in Lesotho’s Child Grants Programme: a qualitative study
Authors: Besnier Elodie , Hlabana Thandie , Kotzias Virginia , Beck Kathryn , Sieu Celine , Muthengi Kimanzi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cash transfers (CTs) have been increasingly used in low- and middle-income countries as a poverty reduction and social protection tool. Despite their potential for empowering vulnerable groups (especially women), the evidence for such outcomes remains unclear. Additionally, little is known about how this broad concept fits into and is perceived in such programmes. For example, Lesotho’s Child Grants Programme (CGP) is an unconditional CT targeting poor and vulnerable households with children. The CGP has been presented as one of the Lesotho’s flagship programmes in developing the country’s social safety net system. Using the CGP’s early phases as a case study, this research aims to capture how programme stakeholders understood and operationalized the concept of economic empowerment (especially women’s) in Lesotho’s CGP. The qualitative analysis relied on the triangulation of information from a review of programme documents and semi-structured key informant interviews with programme stakeholders. First, the programme documents were coded deductively, while the interview transcripts were coded inductively, and then both materials were analysed thematically. Finally, differences or disagreements within each theme were explored individually according to the programme’s chronology, the stakeholders’ affiliation and their role in the CGP. The complexity of economic empowerment was reflected in the diversity of definitions found in the desk review and interviews. Economic empowerment was primarily understood as improving access to economic resources and opportunities and, less so, as agency and social and economic inclusion. There were stronger disagreements on other definitions as they seemed to be a terminology primarily used by specific stakeholders. This diversity of definitions impacted how these concepts were integrated into the programme, with particular gaps between the strategic vision and operational units as well as between the role this concept was perceived to play and the effects evaluated so far.
An empirically validated framework for measuring patient’s acceptability of health care in Multi-Island Micro States
Authors: Brizan-St. Martin Roxanne , St. Martin Chaney , La Foucade Althea , Sarti Flavia Mori , McLean Roger 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMeasuring health-care acceptability presents conceptual and contextual challenges, particularly in data-poor Multi-Island Micro States (MIMSs). Thus, there has been limited evidence on the acceptability of health care in MIMS and scarce use of acceptability metrics in policy design and health system evaluation. In the present study, we developed and empirically validated a theoretical framework for measuring users’ acceptability of health care in a MIMS in the Caribbean. Using a minimum-data approach, we used a synoptic review of health-care literature and consultations with experts and health system stakeholders to define, scope and select constructs for the theoretical framework of health-care acceptability. Empirical validation of the modelled framework was performed using data collected from household expenditure and health-care utilization surveys in Carriacou and Petite Martinique (n = 226), island dependents of Grenada in the Caribbean. Data were used to create health utilization profiles and analyse measurement scales of the health-care acceptability framework using non-linear partial least square structural equation modelling. The modelled framework included 17 items integrating economic and psychosocial concepts, with 1 dependent construct (utilization) and 3 independent constructs (users’ perception, experience and knowledge of health facility). Model analysis and validation indicated that the framework was significant, explaining 19% of the variation in health-care acceptability. Users’ experience construct was influenced by perception and knowledge of health facility and was the only construct with a significant negative relationship with acceptability. Health-care acceptability declined with increased waiting and travel times and unsuitable opening hours. We conclude that acceptability comprises a complex multidimensional concept, which is highly dependent on various interacting variables and contextual characteristics of the health system. Therefore, policies and actions to improve acceptability should be context specific and focused on evaluating factors infringing health-care acceptability. Routine acceptability and/or satisfaction studies represent baseline evidence towards understanding and integrating acceptability in health-care assessment.
CASP4/11 Contributes to NLRP3 Activation and COVID-19 Exacerbation
Authors: Rodrigues Tamara S , Caetano Camila C S , de Sá Keyla S G , Almeida Leticia , Becerra Amanda , Gonçalves Augusto V , Lopes Leticia de Sousa , Oliveira Samuel , Mascarenhas Danielle P A , Batah Sabrina S , Silva Bruna M , Gomes Giovanni F , Castro Ricardo , Martins Ronaldo B , Avila Jonathan , Frantz Fabiani G , Cunha Thiago M , Arruda Eurico , Cunha Fernando Q , Nakaya Helder , Cunha Larissa D , Fabro Alexandre T , Louzada-Junior Paulo , de Oliveira Renê D R , Zamboni Dario S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which promotes inflammation and aggravates severe COVID-19. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 induces upregulation and activation of human caspase-4/CASP4 (mouse caspase-11/CASP11), and this process contributes to NLRP3 activation. In vivo infections performed in transgenic hACE2 humanized mice, deficient or sufficient for Casp11, indicate that hACE2 Casp11−/− mice were protected from disease development, with the increased pulmonary parenchymal area, reduced clinical score of the disease, and reduced mortality. Assessing human samples from fatal cases of COVID-19, we found that CASP4 was expressed in patient lungs and correlated with the expression of inflammasome components and inflammatory mediators, including CASP1, IL1B, IL18, and IL6. Collectively, our data establish that CASP4/11 promotes NLRP3 activation and disease pathology, revealing a possible target for therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
Increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance inShigellaassociated with MSM transmission in Barcelona, 2020–21: outbreak of XRDShigella sonneiand dissemination of ESBL-producingShigella flexneri
Authors: Moreno-Mingorance Albert , Mir-Cros Alba , Goterris Lidia , Rodriguez-Garrido Virginia , Sulleiro Elena , Barberà M Jesús , Alberny Mireia , Hoyos-Mallecot Yannick , Descalzo Vicente , Bravo Albert , Roca-Grande Josep , Viñado Belén , Pumarola Tomàs , Larrosa M Nieves , González-López Juan José 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral countries have recently reported the detection of ESBL-producing Shigella sonnei associated with transmission among MSM. In a previous study by our group, 2.8% of Shigella spp. obtained from MSM in Barcelona between 2015 and 2019 were ESBL producers.ObjectivesTo describe and characterize the emerging ESBL-producing Shigella spp. associated with sexual transmission among MSM detected from 2020 to 2021 in Barcelona, elucidating their connectivity with contemporaneous ESBL-producing Shigella spp. from other countries.ResultsFrom 2020 to 2021, we identified that among MSM, 68% of S. sonnei were XDR harbouring blaCTX-M-27 and 14% of Shigella flexneri were MDR harbouring blaCTX-M-27. WGS analysis showed that the ESBL-producing S. sonnei were part of a monophyletic cluster, which included isolates responsible for the prolonged outbreak occurring in the UK. Our data also reveal the first emergence and clonal dissemination of ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant S. flexneri 2a among MSM.ConclusionsWe report an increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. among MSM in Barcelona since 2021, mainly as a consequence of the dissemination of XDR ESBL-producing S. sonnei, previously reported in the UK. These results highlight the importance of international collaborative surveillance of MDR/XDR S. sonnei and S. flexneri for rapid identification of their emergence and the prevention of the transmission of these pathogens.
Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of isoorientin against carbapenem non-sensitiveEscherichia colifrom raw milk of goats
Authors: Zuo Jingru , Liu Lianjie , Hou Simeng , Liu Xiaoqiang , Teng Jiang , Li Pei , Liu Xiaotong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbapenemase-producing E. coli is a grave public health concern as the potential emergence of resistant strains and their transmission. Isoorientin belongs to a potential antimicrobial flavonoid compound existing in several plants, while the research on the antimicrobial activity of isoorientin is limited thus far. We evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of isoorientin against biofilm-forming carbapenem non-sensitive Escherichia coli (E. coli) from raw milk of goats, and explored its molecular mechanisms. Isoorientin showed obvious antimicrobial ability with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and it exhibited synergistic activity with traditional antimicrobials against the carbapenem non-sensitive E. coli. Isoorientin could also significantly inhibit the carbapenem non-sensitive E. coli biofilm formation and destroy the established biofilms, with the percentage of inhibition ranging from 27.8% to 75% at MIC, and the corresponding percentage of eradication ranging from 15.3% to 61.6%, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that the E. coli biofilm reduced in thickness with increasing concentrations of isoorientin. Dose-dependent decrease in eDNA revealed that isoorientin interacted with the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the biofilm. qRT-PCR assay for the biofilm-forming associated genes further confirmed the above results. Overall, these results concluded that the isoorientin has significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against carbapenem non-sensitive E. coli, and has potential application in prevention of food contamination and spoilage.
Development of a dynamic model for prediction of energy in milk protein, lactose, fat, and enteric methane emissions in goats based on energy balance and indirect calorimetry studies
Authors: Fernández Carlos , Loor Juan J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFeed costs are overwhelmingly the largest expense for dairy producers. Thus, improving milk production efficiency (milk fat and protein are the main incomes for farmers) is of great economic importance in the dairy industry. The main objective of this study was to develop a dynamic energy partitioning model to describe and quantify how dietary energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat is transferred to milk (protein, lactose, and fat) in dairy goats. In addition, due to increasing worldwide concerns regarding livestock contribution to global warming, methane (CH4) emission was quantified. For modeling purposes, 158 individual goat observations were used and randomly split into 2/3 for model development and 1/3 for internal evaluation. For external evaluation, 20 different energy balance studies from the literature (77 observations) were evaluated. The Root Mean Square Prediction Error (RMSPE) was 13.2% for loss of energy in CH4, 16.8% for energy in fat, 19.4% for energy in protein, and 22.3 energy in lactose. Mean bias was around zero for all variables and the slope bias was zero for milk energy in lactose, close to 1% for milk fat (1.01%), and around 3% and 10% for protein and CH4, respectively. Random bias was greater than 85% for energy in CH4 and milk energy components indicating non-systematic errors and that the equation in the model fitted the data properly. Analyses of residuals appeared to be randomly distributed around zero. Slopes of regression lines for residuals vs. predicted were positive for milk fat energy, zero for lactose, and negative for milk energy in protein and CH4. This model suggested for use with mixed diets and by-products to obtain balanced macronutrient supply, methane emissions, and milk performance during mid lactation could be an interesting tool to help farmers simulate scenarios that increase milk fat and protein, evaluate CH4 emissions, without the costs of running animal trials.
Seismic pre-stack inversion for physical and anisotropic parameters in fractured shale reservoirs
Authors: Wu Si , Zong Zhaoyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe estimation of physical and anisotropic parameters is of great importance for the characterization of fractured reservoirs. Vertical fractures developing in a laterally isotropic (VTI) setting are equivalent to orthotropic anisotropic (OA) media common in stratified fractured shale reservoirs. To obtain independent anisotropic and physical information, a novel reflection coefficient approximation containing physical and anisotropic parameters is derived to improve the stability of the inversion for orthotropic media. To simplify the equation for the reflection coefficient, an approximate rock physics model is constructed using the approximate theory of rock modulus. The estimated parameters are reduced from nine to six. The accuracy analysis reveals that the new reflection coefficient is appropriate and suitable for inversion. In addition, a stepwise Bayesian amplitude versus angle and azimuth (AVAZ) inversion method with smooth background constraints is developed to estimate the anisotropic and physical parameters from the azimuthal seismic data. The smooth background constraint improves the robustness of the inversion. And the stepwise inversion strategy solves the problem that the contribution of the fracture parameter to the reflection coefficient is smaller than the other parameters. Synthetic cases show that the proposed stepwise Bayesian AVAZ inversion method is feasible in estimating the anisotropic parameters for OA media even when the signal-to-noise ratio is 2. The field cases show that the proposed inversion method has good stability and robustness in predicting shale reservoirs with vertical or near-vertical fractures.
On Knowing and Unknowing God: Reason and Mysticism in the Armenian Theologian Gregory of Tatev
Authors: Gornandt Ruth M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The dialectic of the cataphatic and the apophatic is vital for honouring the transcendent within the rational endeavour of theology. The medieval Armenian theologian Gregory of Tatev presents a theological approach that is strongly logical and analytical, discussing the mystical only in a few places. For this reason, he has been accused of abandoning the apophatic altogether. However, it can be shown that mystical theology is at the heart of his thinking and his own spiritual practice. After expounding his cataphatic and apophatic theologies this paper shows that the divine hiddenness and incomprehensibility shape Gregory’s cataphatic theology in that they underlie its epistemology and hermeneutics. Both are developed from the spiritual experience that God is ultimately ineffable and that ‘unknowing’ is the highest form of knowing him.
Superficial fungal infections in the south of France—is fusariosis the next emergent onychopathy?
Authors: Landreau Anne , Simon Loïc , Delaunay Pascal , Pomares Christelle , Hasseine Lilia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn France, onychomycoses represent about 30% of superficial mycoses seen by dermatologists. In recent years, an increased number of mycoses have been observed due to non-dermatophytic moulds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of identified superficial fungal infections in the Laboratory of Parasitology–Mycology of the University Hospital of Nice over a 2-year period. A retrospective study was performed from the nail, skin, and scalp samples of patients analyzed from January 2018 to December 2019. In this study, 3074 samples (54.2% nails, 39.7% skin, and 6.1% scalp) were analyzed representing 1922 patients. Among them, 809 (42.1%) patients were sampled by dermatologists and 1113 (57.9%) were sampled by our experts in the clinical unit of the University Hospital of Nice. In total, 1159 (37.7%) samples had a positive culture (1195 strains identified) including 712 (59.6%) dermatophytes, 345 (28.9%) yeasts, and 138 (11.5%) other filamentous moulds. Trichophyton rubrum was the main dermatophyte (563; 47.1%) followed by T. interdigitale (84; 7.0%), and T. soudanense (25; 2.1%). Yeasts were mostly represented by Candida albicans (155; 13.0%). Among the other moulds, Fusarium sp. was the most isolated (61; 5.1%). Dermatophytes stay predominant in superficial fungal infections where the anthropophilic species T. rubrum was found in almost half of the positive cultures. Interestingly, moulds represented an important part of infections in our population. This study highlights the increasing share of Fusarium sp. superficial fungal infection in our patients’ population, perhaps requiring a major therapeutic adaptation in the years to come.
The Raf-like MAPKKK INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 regulates purinergic receptor-mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Daewon , Chen Dongqin , Ahsan Nagib , Jorge Gabriel Lemes , Thelen Jay J , Stacey Gary 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades play important roles in eukaryotic defense against various pathogens. Activation of the extracellular ATP (eATP) receptor P2K1 triggers MAP kinase 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) phosphorylation, which leads to an elevated plant defense response. However, the mechanism by which P2K1 activates the MAPK cascade is unclear. In this study, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, P2K1 phosphorylates the Raf-like MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 (ILK5) on serine 192 in the presence of eATP. The interaction between P2K1 and ILK5 was confirmed both in vitro and in planta and their interaction was enhanced by ATP treatment. Similar to P2K1 expression, ILK5 expression levels were highly induced by treatment with ATP, flg22, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and various abiotic stresses. ILK5 interacts with and phosphorylates the MAP kinase MKK5. Moreover, phosphorylation of MPK3/6 was significantly reduced upon ATP treatment in ilk5 mutant plants, relative to wild-type (WT). The ilk5 mutant plants showed higher susceptibility to P. syringae pathogen infection relative to WT plants. Plants expressing only the mutant ILK5S192A protein, with decreased kinase activity, did not activate the MAPK cascade upon ATP addition. These results suggest that eATP activation of P2K1 results in transphosphorylation of the Raf-like MAPKKK ILK5, which subsequently triggers the MAPK cascade, culminating in activation of MPK3/6 associated with an elevated innate immune response.