bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researchers on ice? How the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Antarctic researchers
Authors: Liggett Daniela , Herbert Andrea , Badhe Renuka , Charnley Gina E.C. , Hudson K.P.C. , Kelman Ilan , Lee Won Sang , Lorenzo Cristian , Marques-Quinteiro Pedro , Nash Meredith , Pickett Jennifer , Yermakova Yelena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic-related measures have impacted the lives and work-related activities of Antarctic researchers. To explore these impacts, we designed, piloted and disseminated an online survey in English, Russian, Spanish and Chinese in late 2020 and early 2021. The survey explored how the pandemic affected the productivity of Antarctic researchers, their career prospects and their mental wellbeing. Findings exposed patterns of inequities. For instance, of the 406 unique responses to the survey, women appeared to have been affected more adversely than men, especially in relation to mental health, and early-career researchers were disadvantaged more than their mid- or late-career colleagues. Overall, a third of the research participants reported at least one major negative impact from the pandemic on their mental health. Approximately half of the participants also mentioned that the COVID-19 pandemic had some positive effects, especially in terms of the advantages that working from home brought and opportunities to attend events, network or benefit from training workshops online. We conclude with a series of recommendations for science administrators and policymakers to mitigate the most serious adverse impacts of the pandemic on Antarctic research communities, with implications for other contexts where scientific activities are conducted under extreme circumstances.
Time-dependent modelling of thin poroelastic films drying on deformable plates
Authors: Hennessy Matthew G. , Craster Richard V. , Matar Omar K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the generation of mechanical stress in drying, particle-laden films is important for a wide range of industrial processes. One way to study these stresses is through the cantilever experiment, whereby a thin film is deposited onto the surface of a thin plate that is clamped at one end to a wall. The stresses that are generated in the film during drying are transmitted to the plate and drive bending. Mathematical modelling enables the film stress to be inferred from measurements of the plate deflection. The aim of this paper is to present simplified models of the cantilever experiment that have been derived from the time-dependent equations of continuum mechanics using asymptotic methods. The film is described using nonlinear poroelasticity and the plate using nonlinear elasticity. In contrast to Stoney-like formulae, the simplified models account for films with non-uniform thickness and stress. The film model reduces to a single differential equation that can be solved independently of the plate equations. The plate model reduces to an extended form of the Föppl-von Kármán (FvK) equations that accounts for gradients in the longitudinal traction acting on the plate surface. Consistent boundary conditions for the FvK equations are derived by resolving the Saint-Venant boundary layers at the free edges of the plate. The asymptotically reduced models are in excellent agreement with finite element solutions of the full governing equations. As the Péclet number increases, the time evolution of the plate deflection changes from
$t$
to
$t^{1/2}$
, in agreement with experiments.
Implementation of the Cardiac Inpatient Neurodevelopmental Care Optimization (CINCO) programme: an interdisciplinary, generalisable approach to inpatient neurodevelopmental care
Authors: Wolfe Kelly R. , Caprarola Sherrill D. , Clark Caelah , Davidson Jesse , Everitt Melanie D. , Faul Laura , Hageman Colton , Kelly Sarah L. , Maloney Emily , Patteson Hilary , Scott Sarah , Talbot Alyse , Tong Suhong , DiMaria Kimberly L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground:Children with CHD are at risk for neurodevelopmental delays, and length of hospitalisation is a predictor of poorer long-term outcomes. Multiple aspects of hospitalisation impact neurodevelopment, including sleep interruptions, limited holding, and reduced developmental stimulation. We aimed to address modifiable factors by creating and implementing an interdisciplinary inpatient neurodevelopmental care programme in our Heart Institute.Methods:In this quality improvement study, we developed an empirically supported approach to neurodevelopmental care across the continuum of hospitalisation for patients with CHD using three plan-do-study-act cycles. With input from multi-level stakeholders including parents/caregivers, we co-designed interventions that comprised the Cardiac Inpatient Neurodevelopmental Care Optimization (CINCO) programme. These included medical/nursing orders for developmental care practices, developmental kits for patients, bedside developmental plans, caregiver education and support, developmental care rounds, and a specialised volunteer programme. We obtained data from the electronic health record for patients aged 0–2 years admitted for at least 7 days to track implementation.Results:There were 619 admissions in 18 months. Utilisation of CINCO interventions increased over time, particularly for the medical/nursing orders and caregiver handouts. The volunteer programme launch was delayed but grew rapidly and within six months, provided over 500 hours of developmental interaction with patients.Conclusions:We created and implemented a low-cost programme that systematised and expanded upon existing neurodevelopmental care practices in the cardiac inpatient units. Feasibility was demonstrated through increasing implementation rates over time. Key takeaways include the importance of multi-level stakeholder buy-in and embedding processes in existing clinical workflows.
Acute left heart failure caused by Takayasu arteritis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Quan Enxi , Zhao Yunyue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTakayasu arteritis is a rare disease. Coronary involvement may appear in patients with Takayasu arteritis. With delayed diagnosis and the difficulty of treatment, Takayasu arteritis patients complicated with coronary abnormalities usually have poor prognosis. We present a rare case of acute left heart failure caused by total occlusion of the left main coronary artery due to Takayasu arteritis. A 30-year-old Chinese woman presented at our hospital with recurrent chest tightness accompanied by dyspnoea. A series of modern imaging methods were used for diagnosis and evaluation of Takayasu arteritis, including invasive angiography, CT angiography, and vascular ultrasound. The patient received drugs therapy including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and cardiovascular drugs, without a reperfusion therapy. Cardiac events, inflammatory marks, and cardiac function were observed during 2-year follow-up period. In this paper, we briefly disscuss the diagnosis and treatment for young women with cardiac complication caused by Takayasu arteritis.
Successful coil embolisation of tortuous portosystemic venous shunts using a steerable microcatheter in a patient with polysplenia after a Fontan-type operation
Authors: Kawai Yoko , Kita Yusuke , Nishikawa Kosuke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPortosystemic venous shunts occur in patients with polysplenia after the Fontan operation. In the long term, these shunts are associated with hyperammonaemia and portal-systemic encephalopathy. Since some shunts are long and tortuous, catheter interventions to close them could be challenging. Instead, a steerable microcatheter could be used for coil embolisation of tortuous portosystemic venous shunts.
Creativity, Performance and Problems of Authorship: Clara Schumann's Cadenzas for Mozart's D minor Concerto, K466
Authors: Leitmeir Christian Thomas 
Published: April 2023

In memoriam Manfred Hermann Schmid (1947–2021), Mozartian extraordinaireThe cadenzas to the Piano concerto in D minor, K466 that Clara Schumann published for the Mozart centenary year raise intriguing questions about authorship: Upon correcting the proofs, she identified an uncanny overlap with a cadenza by Brahms. Following an ambivalent response from the latter, she went on publishing the work under her name regardless, and even left a note on her papers claiming that Brahms had made use of a cadenza by her.Rather than answering the author attribution either way, the article unpicks the conflicting evidence of the sources in light of the broader contexts within which they are situated. It demonstrates that conventional tools of music philology alone are inadequate for solving this issue (as they had been for Schumann in 1891). Notated sources are but one manifestation of a rich and complex creative process that operate within a multi-sensory, multi-modal and co-creative framework. As such, a close reading of the cadenzas to K466 by Schumann and Brahms interrogate false ontologies of the ‘work concept’ that may have mired our understanding of nineteenth-century music in general.
Post-truth politics and neoliberal competition: the social sources of dogmatic cynicism
Authors: Schindler Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFrom Trump's America to Putin's Russia, from climate change denial to corona denial, so-called post-truth politics are experiencing a global rise. How can we understand and explain this phenomenon? In the attempt to answer this question, this article advances two core claims. First, it suggests that post-truth politics is (despite its name) marked not only by the denial of claims to objective truth, but also by the naturalization of one specific truth claim: namely, the cynical belief that self-interests are behind all public discourse. Second, it locates the social sources of this dogmatic cynicism in the global expansion of neoliberal competition.
World Wars and the Establishment of Welfare Ministries
Authors: Petersen Klaus , Schmitt Carina , Obinger Herbert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWelfare ministries are key institutions of modern nation-states. However, we still lack knowledge about when and why national welfare ministries were established. In this paper, we argue that both the First and Second world wars were major driving forces behind the establishment of independent welfare ministries. To test our argument, we introduce a novel dataset on the establishment of welfare-related ministries in 30 countries. Our empirical findings suggest that the establishment of independent welfare ministries was a product of wartime turbulence and the political, economic and social shockwaves set off especially by World War I, which affected many countries at the same time. Considering alternative explanations such as the Spanish Flu, the Bolshevik Revolution or the emergence of new nation-states, we argue that war triggered multiple, interrelated and chronologically staggered transnational events and transformations that had major effects on the social welfare systems of the countries involved. In this light, we conclude that World War I was ultimately the root cause behind the establishment of welfare ministries.
CMIP6 Earth System Models Project Greater Acceleration of Climate Zone Change Due To Stronger Warming Rates
Authors: Bayar Ali Serkan , Yılmaz M. Tuğrul , Yücel İsmail , Dirmeyer Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWarming climate and precipitation changes induce notable shifts in climate zones. In this study, the latest generation of global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and the previous generation CMIP5 under high‐emission scenarios are used together with observations and applied to the Köppen‐Geiger climate classification. The aim is to shed light on how projected warming and changes in precipitation will influence future climate zones and their associated ecosystems while revealing differences between the two model generations. Compared to CMIP5 models, CMIP6 models exhibit slightly improved performance in replicating the observed Köppen‐Geiger map for the historical (1976–2005) period and similar inter‐model agreement for the future. The models show major changes in climate zones with a range of projections depending on which ensemble subset is used: 37.9%–48.1% of the global land area is projected to change climate zone by the end of the century, with the most pronounced changes expected over Europe (71.4%–88.6%) and North America (51.2%–65.8%). CMIP6 models project a higher rate of areal climate zone change (km2/year) throughout the 21st century, which is mainly driven by their greater global land warming rates. Using a likely equilibrium climate sensitivity subset of CMIP6 models that is consistent with the latest evidence constrains the climate zone shifts, and their projections better match the results of CMIP5 simulations. Although the high warming rates of some CMIP6 models are less credible, the risks associated with them are greater, and they heighten the need for urgent action to preserve terrestrial ecosystems.
Fault Roughness Promotes Earthquake‐Like Aftershock Clustering in the Lab
Authors: Goebel Thomas H. W. , Brodsky Emily E. , Dresen Georg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEarthquakes rarely occur in isolation but rather as complex sequences of fore, main and aftershocks. Assessing the associated seismic hazard requires a holistic view of event interactions. We conduct frictional sliding experiments on faulted Westerly Granite samples at mid‐crustal stresses to investigate fault damage and roughness effects on aftershock generation. Abrupt laboratory fault slip is followed by periods of extended stress relaxation and aftershocks. Large roughness promotes less co‐seismic slip and high aftershock activity whereas smooth faults promote high co‐seismic slip with few aftershocks. Conditions close to slip instability generate lab‐quake sequences that exhibit similar statistical distributions to natural earthquakes. Aftershock productivity in the lab is linearly related to the residual strain energy on the fault which, in turn, is controlled by the level of surface heterogeneity. We conclude that roughness and damage govern slip stability and seismic energy partitioning between fore, main and aftershocks in lab and nature.
Quantifying Soil Goethite/Hematite Ratios: A New Method Based on Diffuse Reflectance Spectra
Authors: Meng Xianqiang , Li Gen K. , Long Xiaoyong , Li Shilei , Ji Junfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGoethite/hematite ratios in soils are widely used to reconstruct past climatic changes, but their accurate measurements have remained challenging due to the matrix effect. Here we present a new method for measuring soil goethite/hematite ratios by characterizing the band position of electron pair transition (EPT) based on the diffuse reflectance spectra processed by continuum removal. We introduce a “half‐band‐area wavelength”, λ1/2, to characterize the EPT band position and validate the method using synthetic standards made from mixing pure goethite and hematite and four sets of goethite‐ and hematite‐free matrices derived from arid aeolian deposits and tropical saprolite. A consistent λ1/2‐goethite/hematite relation across four matrices demonstrates that our method eliminates the matrix effect. We further validate our method by applying it to quantify goethite/hematite ratios in 180‐Kyr loess‐paleosol sequences and comparing the results to the reported paleoclimatic records. Our new method is promising for improving the measurement of goethite/hematite ratios in sediments.
The Zenith‐Angle Dependence of the Downward Radiation Dose Rate on the Martian Surface: Modeling Versus MSL/RAD Measurement
Authors: Khaksarighiri Salman , Guo Jingnan , Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F. , Löffler Sven , Ehresmann Bent , Matthiä Daniel , Hassler Donald M. , Zeitlin Cary , Berger Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on board the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover has been monitoring the surface radiation environment on Mars for just over 10 years. It has been found by Wimmer‐Schweingruber et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl066664) that within the narrow view cone of RAD, the directionality of the radiation field is close to but not completely isotropic. In order to better understand the directionality of the surface radiation over a wide range of zenith angles (θ), we perform a three‐dimensional Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation to derive the θ‐dependence of the surface dose rate. The results show that galactic cosmic ray protons, coming in at θ ∼ 74° make the greatest contribution to the surface dose. For helium ions, this angle is at around 46°. This is a consequence of the increasing column depth at larger zenith angles and the complex interplay of the destruction of primary and the creation of secondary particles as the primary cosmic ray interacts with the Martian atmosphere. We also compared the simulated results with the RAD measurements and found a reasonable agreement. Our results are important for future human exploration of Mars, for instance, to estimate the effectiveness of radiation shielding of a given geometry or for optimizing the radiation shielding design of a Martian habitat.
Machine Learning‐Derived Inference of the Meridional Overturning Circulation From Satellite‐Observable Variables in an Ocean State Estimate
Authors: Solodoch Aviv , Stewart Andrew L. , McC. Hogg Andrew , Manucharyan Georgy E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe oceanic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) plays a key role in the climate system, and monitoring its evolution is a scientific priority. Monitoring arrays have been established at several latitudes in the Atlantic Ocean, but other latitudes and oceans remain unmonitored for logistical reasons. This study explores the possibility of inferring the MOC from globally‐available satellite measurements via machine learning (ML) techniques, using the ECCOV4 state estimate as a test bed. The methodological advantages of the present approach include the use purely of available satellite data, its applicability to multiple basins within a single ML framework, and the ML model simplicity (a feed‐forward fully connected neural network (NN) with small number of neurons). The ML model exhibits high skill in MOC reconstruction in the Atlantic, Indo‐Pacific, and Southern Oceans. The approach achieves a higher skill in predicting the model Southern Ocean abyssal MOC than has previously been achieved via a dynamically‐based approach. The skill of the model is quantified as a function of latitude in each ocean basin, and of the time scale of MOC variability. We find that ocean bottom pressure generally has the highest reconstruction skill potential, followed by zonal wind stress. We additionally test which combinations of variables are optimal. Furthermore, ML interpretability techniques are used to show that high reconstruction skill in the Southern Ocean is mainly due to (NN processing of) bottom pressure variability at a few prominent bathymetric ridges. Finally, the potential for reconstructing MOC strength estimates from real satellite measurements is discussed.
Ten Thousand Years of Paleo‐Earthquakes Record of the Magallanes‐Fagnano Plate Boundary Fault in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: Roy Sandrine , Vassallo Riccardo , Martinod Joseph , Sue Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Magallanes‐Fagnano Fault is an active left‐lateral strike‐slip fault that cuts across Tierra del Fuego, forming the boundary between the South American and the Scotia plates. This fault may trigger strong earthquakes, as documented by the occurrence of two Mw ≥ 7.5 in December 1949. However, this region is characterized by one of the shortest historical archives in the world and by a growing population. The geological record is therefore needed in order to characterize the seismic information over a longer time scale and to improve the seismic hazard assessment. We conducted extensive field work, neotectonic mapping and excavated two paleoseismic trenches across one of the sharpest tectonic scarps in the Eastern onshore portion of the fault. Using scarp‐derived colluvial wedges, cross‐cutting relations, and 28 radiocarbon samples, we document evidences of at least six paleo‐earthquakes during the Holocene. Paleoseismic record is particularly accurate for the last two thousand years, for which period we determine an average recurrence interval of 1080 ± 150 years. For repeated earthquakes of same magnitude as the 1949 event, this recurrence interval is compatible both with the known geodetic and geomorphic slip rates. However, “paired earthquakes” in less than one or two centuries may also occur, suggesting that fault behavior could be characterized by irregular seismic cycles.
Rotational Modulation of the High Frequency Limit of Saturn Kilometric Radiation
Authors: Wu Siyuan , Zarka Philippe , Lamy Laurent , Louis Corentin , Ye Shengyi , Prangé Renée , Cecconi Baptiste , Kurth William S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe high frequency limit (HFL) of the Saturnian Kilometric Radiation (SKR) can probe the deepest SKR sources, closest to Saturn's ionosphere. In this study, we determined and analyzed the SKR HFL throughout the entire Cassini Saturn orbital tour. The maximum frequency of the northern SKR, whose distribution peaks at ∼625 kHz, is shifted by +100 to +200 kHz from the distribution of southern SKR HFL, consistent with the magnetic field offset toward the northern hemisphere at Saturn. The uniformly observed SKR HFL in the vicinity of Saturn suggests a broad extent and beaming of the SKR source. When the observer is confined to certain locations, the rotational modulation of the SKR HFL is clearly observed. This modulation feature of the SKR HFL is statistically established and analyzed in this study. The modulation of HFL is best observed at mid‐latitudes between 10° and 40° and at almost all local times. We perform a simulation that suggests that the modulation of HFL requires the superposition of a “clock” like and a rotating source behavior. By comparing the derived HFL modulation using different longitudes with variable and fixed rotation periods, we can exclude the existence of a magnetic anomaly that was proposed in a previous study based on the Voyager data. The calculation of the least‐square periodogram confirms that the modulation observed in HFL is similar to the ones previously detected at Saturn.