Abstract 2530: DELE1 loss and dysfunctional integrated stress signaling in TP53 mutated AML is a novel pathway for venetoclax resistance
Authors: Sharon David , Jung Paul , Sun Yan , Feng Weiguo , Yang Ziping , Robinson Valerie , Mitra Diya , Liu Wei , Zheng Pingping , Uziel Tamar , Lam Lloyd , Minden Mark D. , Ross Jeremy , Mendes Wellington , Potluri Jalaja , Wei Andrew H. , Konopleva Marina , Dail Monique , Chyla Brenda , Epling-Burnette PK 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Venetoclax (ven) in combination with hypomethylating agents or low dose cytarabine leads to rapid and durable remission in patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) unfit for intensive chemotherapy (IC), however, pts with TP53 mutations (TP53mut) exhibit adverse prognosis. Here, we identify dysregulation of the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway in pts with TP53mut, specifically through the actions of DAP3 binding cell death enhancer 1 (DELE1) and its activating protease OMA1.
Methods: RNA sequencing was performed on pre-treatment bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs) from pts with AML ineligible for IC across four clinical trials (NCT02993523, NCT02203773, NCT03069352, and NCT02287233). CRISPR-Cas9 editing of TP53-intact AML cell lines was used to generate TP53-/-, TP53mut, DELE1-/-, OMA1-/- and TP53/DELE1 double deficient cell lines. Quantification of BCL2 and Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) complexes with BCL2 interacting mediator (BIM) was performed using chemiluminescence assays. A drug screen to assess viability and gene expression was performed in cells treated with ven in combination with 63 drugs.
Results: In total 401 pts were included in the analyses, of which 17% harbored TP53mut and 83% were TP53wt. Analysis of genes differentially expressed (DE) between pts with TP53mut and TP53wt AML revealed 19 DE genes shared across all trials. DELE1, an ISR adaptor, was associated with genes mapping to the ISR-related eukaryotic initiation factor-α (eIF2α) in TP53mut AML BMMCs. Deletion of DELE1 or OMA1 in AML cell lines blocked eIF2α activation and induction of the transcription factor ATF4, a critical ISR effector, in response to the mitochondrial stressor FCCP, ven, and azacitidine, and resulted in ven resistance similar to that of TP53 deficient cells. All modified AML cell lines exhibited a concomitant decrease in the pro-apoptotic regulator PMAIP1, encoding NOXA, and a 14-18-fold increase in MCL1-BIM complexes following ven treatment, as well as increased MCL1 expression, compared to parental lines. Further screening of these cell lines for ven sensitizing activity revealed the BH3 mimetic S63845, which targets MCL1, as the top hit, suggesting that combined BH3 mimetics may overcome ven resistance during ISR pathway defects. As DELE1 is located on chromosome 5 (CH); the frequent loss of CH 5q among TP53mut AML may contribute to low DELE1 expression.
Conclusions: These data suggest that defective ISR signaling may be a factor in TP53mut AML treatment outcome and point to DELE1 dysregulation as a driver of ISR inactivation in pts with TP53mut AML. The ISR induces the expression of NOXA, which displaces MCL1 from BIM and lowers the apoptotic threshold. Our data identify p53, DELE1, and OMA1 as regulators of NOXA expression post ven treatment and indicate that co-targeting MCL1 in pts with TP53mut AML may be beneficial to overcome ven resistance.
Citation Format: David Sharon, Paul Jung, Yan Sun, Weiguo Feng, Ziping Yang, Valerie Robinson, Diya Mitra, Wei Liu, Pingping Zheng, Tamar Uziel, Lloyd Lam, Mark D. Minden, Jeremy Ross, Wellington Mendes, Jalaja Potluri, Andrew H. Wei, Marina Konopleva, Monique Dail, Brenda Chyla, PK Epling-Burnette. DELE1 loss and dysfunctional integrated stress signaling in TP53 mutated AML is a novel pathway for venetoclax resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2530.