bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition in the intensive care unit and early recovery influence functional outcomes for survivors of critical illness: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jubina Lindsey E. , Locke Alleyna , Fedder Kelly R. , Slone Stacey A. , Soper Melissa K. , Kalema Anna G. , Montgomery‐Yates Ashley A. , Mayer Kirby P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients who are critically ill may receive suboptimal nutrition that leads to weight loss and increased risk of functional deficits.MethodsOur overarching hypothesis is that nutrition in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the early recovery phase associates with functional outcomes at short‐term follow‐up. We enrolled adult patients who attended the University of Kentucky ICU recovery clinic (ICU‐RC) from November 2021 to June 2022. Patients participated in muscle and functional assessments. Nutrition intake and status during the ICU stay were analyzed. The Subjective Global Assessment and a nutrition questionnaire were used to identify changes in intake, ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms, and patient's access to food at the ICU‐RC appointment.ResultsForty‐one patients enrolled with a median hospital length of stay (LOS) of 23 days. Patients with 0 days of nil per os (NPO) status throughout hospitalization had a shorter LOS (P = 0.05), were able to complete the five times sit‐to‐stand test (P = 0.02), and were less likely to experience ICU‐acquired weakness (P = 0.04) at short‐term follow‐up compared with patients with ≥1 day of NPO status. Twenty (48%) patients reported changes in nutrition intake in early recovery compared with before hospitalization. Eight (20%) patients reported symptoms leading to decreased intake and four (10%) reported access to food as a barrier to intake.ConclusionBarriers to nutrition exist during critical illness and persist after discharge, with almost half of patients reporting a change in intake. Inpatient nutrition intake is associated with functional outcomes and warrants further exploration.
Complementary effects of sorption and biochemical processing of dissolved organic matter for emerging structure formation controlled by soil texture
Authors: Bucka Franziska B. , Felde Vincent J. M. N. L. , Peth Stephan , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPercolating dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the topsoil is considered the main source of subsoil organic carbon (OC) in temperate soils, but knowledge about its influence on OC storage and structure‐forming processes is limited.AimsWe conducted a 30‐day incubation experiment with artificial soils to study the effects of percolating DOM and soil texture on OC turnover and initial structure formation.MethodsArtificial soils with contrasting texture, but identical mineral composition, were used to mimic subsoil conditions, where mineral surfaces free of OM come into contact with percolating DOM. After the incubation, we assessed the solution exchange, OM covers on minerals, microbial community and OC turnover, and aggregate formation and stability.ResultsA higher sand content caused a lower porosity, accompanied by a lower moisture content. In contrast, the OC retention (21% of the OC input), microbial activity, and community size were unaffected by soil texture. The OM covered 10% of the mineral surfaces within an otherwise OC‐free mineral matrix. The formation of large, water‐stable aggregates occurred in all soils, but was pronounced in the clay‐rich soils (58% mass contribution), which also supported a higher mechanical stability of the aggregates.ConclusionsThe initial retention and microbial mineralization of DOM are decoupled from pore sizes and soil solution exchange but are driven by the mineral composition and OC input. The biochemical processing of the percolating DOM can induce large aggregates. Here, the presence of fine mineral particles enhances the formation and mechanical stability of the aggregates, irrespective of their surface charge or sorptive properties.
Raman spectroscopy of yellow organic pigments of large Korean Buddhist paintings from the late Joseon dynasty (17th–19th centuries)
Authors: Lee Na Ra , Yun Ji Hyeon , Kim So Jin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe yellow coloring of the organic and inorganic pigments used in large Buddhist paintings during the late Joseon dynasty (17th–19th centuries) is herein analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and non‐invasive component analysis via p‐XRF. p‐XRF analyses of 194 yellow points on 12 large Buddhist paintings confirmed the use of gold, orpiment, and organic pigments; however, the yellow chromophoric elements of the organic pigments were not detected. The confirmed colors ranged from light yellow (close to white) to bright and dark yellow, but microscopic analysis revealed no particles or crystals. Accurate identification of pigments comprising light elements or organic compounds is challenging, which limits their identification via p‐XRF. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy of the samples presumed to be organic pigments detected gamboge in the samples, either alone, mixed with a white inorganic pigment such as lead white to express yellow, or overlaid upon such a pigment. These results demonstrate the utility of Raman spectroscopy in the analysis of organic pigments and provide a guide for the identification of coloring materials used in cultural heritage artifacts.
Inhibitory effects of the anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murray on angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme: in vitro and molecular docking studies
Authors: Lu Lu , Mi Jia , Jin Bo , Zhang Lutao , Luo Qing , Li Xiaoying , Yan Yamei , Cao Youlong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDLycium ruthenicum Murray (LRM), a perennial shrub plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, is rich in anthocyanins, which have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid‐lowering, intestinal flora regulating, and other pharmacological qualities. This study was primarily aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of different anthocyanin purities from LRM on angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro. Moreover, the inhibitory mechanism was further analyzed by molecular docking technology.RESULTSTwo main anthocyanin isomers were identified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and proton/carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance, namely petunidin‐3‐O‐[rhamnopyranosyl‐(trans‐p‐coumaroyl)]‐5‐O‐(β‐d‐glucopyranoside) (trans‐Pt3R5G) and petunidin‐3‐O‐[rhamnopyranosyl‐(cis‐p‐coumaroyl)]‐5‐O‐(β‐d‐glucopyranoside) (cis‐Pt3R5G), with a molar ratio of 9:1. Three purification grades of Pt3R5G all showed excellent inhibitory effects on ACE, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values being 0.562, 0.421, and 0.106 mg·mL−1. Increasing the purity may reduce the IC50 within a certain concentration range. An enzymatic kinetic experiment showed that the inhibitory effect of Pt3R5G on ACE was reversible and non‐competitive: Pt3R5G and substrate were not in competition for the active sites of ACE. Molecular docking technology further revealed the possible mechanism was that Pt3R5G and ACE amino acid residues were interacting by hydrogen bonds to exert the inhibitory effect.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that Pt3R5G from LRM was highly effective at inhibiting ACE activity in vitro, with the hydrogen bonds of Pt3R5G and ACE amino acid residues exerting the inhibition. As a potential plant‐based ACE inhibitor, Pt3R5G can be used as a functional ingredient for antihypertensive effects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of Rehydration Following Systemic Dehydration on Vocal Fold Gene Expression
Authors: Bailey Taylor W. , do Nascimento Naila Cannes , Santos Andrea P. , Cox Abigail , Sivasankar M. Preeti 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveBiological data on the beneficial effects of vocal fold rehydration are lacking. This study aimed to examine the effects of acute systemic dehydration on vocal fold gene expression and determine whether rehydration would reverse these changes.MethodsMale New Zealand White rabbits (N = 24, n = 8/group) provided the animal model. Systemic dehydration was induced by 5 days of water volume restriction. Rehydration was provided by ad‐lib water for 3 days following dehydration. Euhydrated rabbits were used as the control group. Vocal fold tissue was dissected. Seventeen genes were selected based on physiological function and role in supporting vocal fold structure, oxidative stress, hemodynamics, and extracellular matrix turnover. Relative gene expression was assessed by RT‐qPCR.ResultsRehydration following systemic dehydration can modulate gene expression, with expression patterns suggesting that rehydration reverses dehydration‐induced changes in over half of the tested genes. CLIC5 (chloride intracellular channel 5) and EFEMP1 (EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1) genes were significantly upregulated in the dehydration group compared with the euhydrated control. A1BG (alpha‐1B‐glycoprotein) and IL1RAP (interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein) were downregulated by rehydration compared with the dehydration group.ConclusionThis study provides molecular evidence for a transcriptional response to rehydration following acute systemic dehydration in the vocal folds. These data are the first to study gene expression following realistic dehydration and rehydration paradigms and provide biological data to support clinical recommendations to increase water intake after acute dehydration.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:3499–3505, 2023
Exponential time‐decay for a one‐dimensional wave equation with coefficients of bounded variation
Authors: Datchev Kiril , Shapiro Jacob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider the initial‐value problem for a one‐dimensional wave equation with coefficients that are positive, constant outside of an interval, and have bounded variation (BV). Under the assumption of compact support of the initial data, we prove that the local energy decays exponentially fast in time, and provide the explicit constant to which the solution converges. The key ingredient of the proof is a high‐frequency resolvent estimate for an associated Helmholtz operator with a BV potential.
Vitamin D3 attenuates SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein‐caused hyperinflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome through the VDR‐BRCC3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Mingliang , He Ying , Hu Xiaofeng , Dong Xunhu , Yan Zexuan , Zhao Qingning , Li Jingyuan , Xiang Dongfang , Lin Yong , Song Hongbin , Bian Xiuwu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection‐caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global crisis with no satisfactory therapies. Vitamin D3 (VD3) is considered a potential candidate for COVID‐19 treatment; however, little information is available regarding the exact effects of VD3 on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the underlying mechanism. Herein, we confirmed that VD3 reduced SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid (N) protein‐caused hyperinflammation in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Meanwhile, VD3 inhibited the NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in N protein‐overexpressed HBE (HBE‐N) cells. Notably, the inhibitors of caspase‐1, NLRP3, and NLRP3 or caspase‐1 small interference RNA (siRNA) enhanced VD3‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation, with subsequent suppression of interleukin‐6 (IL6) and IL1β release in HBE‐N cells, which were abolished by the NLRP3 agonist. Moreover, VD3 increased NLRP3 ubiquitination (Ub‐NLRP3) expression and the binding of the VDR with NLRP3, with decreased BRCA1/BRCA2‐containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3) expression and NLRP3‐BRCC3 association. VD3‐induced Ub‐NLRP3 expression, NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation, and hyperinflammation inhibition were improved by the BRCC3 inhibitor or BRCC3 siRNA, which were attenuated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) antagonist or VDR siRNA in HBE‐N cells. Finally, the results of the in vivo study in AAV‐Lung‐enhanced green fluorescent protein‐N‐infected lungs were consistent with the findings of the in vitro experiment. In conclusion, VD3 attenuated N protein‐caused hyperinflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome partially through the VDR‐BRCC3 signaling pathway.
Application of single photon counter module in weak signal detection for RF chip scanning using a quantum near field probe
Authors: Yu Linyan , Bai Ruixin , Yin Xiaohan , Wang Jinfeng , Wang Chengkun , Bian Yuchen , Ma Wenhao , Chen Nuocheng , Li Na , Liu Xinyu , Guo Zhigang , Jiang Jun , Du Guanxiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiamond based quantum sensing for on‐chip electromagnetic field imaging is an emerging field. While smaller diamond probes offer higher spatial resolution, their lower fluorescence intensity poses a challenge for the traditional Avalanche Photo Diode. In this work, we propose a tapered fiber diamond probe containing Nitrogen‐vacancy center and utilize a single photon counter module as the detector. A time domain differential pulse sequence is introduced to suppress noise caused by laser intensity fluctuation. By analyzing the relationship between the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and parameters of differential pulse sequence, we derived the formula of SNR and the basic cycle (), and obtained the optimal SNR in the same measurement time through trade‐off between two different kinds of noise. The technique was applied to a waveguide microstrip filter chip, accurately imaging the current density distribution. Our results have potential applications in on‐chip testing and failure analysis.
Acoustic noise reduction for spiral MRI by gradient derating
Authors: Zhou Zeyu , Alfayad Abdulrahman , Chao Tzu Cheng , Pipe James G. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeTo show that the acoustic noise of spiral MRI can be reduced by derating the gradients with minimal penalty to image quality and scan time, and to illustrate an algorithm for optimal choice of derating parameters.Theory and MethodsAcoustic noise level was measured and compared for various values of maximum gradient amplitude and slew rate for T1‐weighted spin‐echo spiral scans while maintaining image contrast, FOV and resolution, and readout time. A full gradient trajectory and a derated gradient (undersampled) trajectory were chosen for a volunteer scan followed by parallel imaging‐aided reconstruction to illustrate comparable image SNR. Two auto‐derating methods, which prioritize slew rate and gradient amplitude, respectively, were derived using analytical results from the WHIRLED PEAS variant of spiral waveforms and compared in their acoustic noise level under test use cases.ResultsDerating the gradients made the scan quieter by 16.6 dB(A) on average than a full gradient trajectory and required an undersampling factor R = 2 in order to maintain scan time, with no appreciable penalty in image SNR. Prioritizing reduced slew rate resulted in maximal loudness reduction.ConclusionScanner gradients can often be derated to reduce the acoustic noise for spiral MRI with minimal penalty in scan time and image quality with the help of parallel imaging. An automatic slew‐priority derating method that maximizes loudness reduction is given.
Measuring cardiomyocyte cellular characteristics in cardiac hypertrophy using diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: Farzi Mohsen , Coveney Sam , Afzali Maryam , Zdora Marie‐Christine , Lygate Craig A. , Rau Christoph , Frangi Alejandro F. , Dall'Armellina Erica , Teh Irvin , Schneider Jürgen E. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis paper presents a hierarchical modeling approach for estimating cardiomyocyte major and minor diameters and intracellular volume fraction (ICV) using diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) data in ex vivo mouse hearts.MethodsDWI data were acquired on two healthy controls and two hearts 3 weeks post transverse aortic constriction (TAC) using a bespoke diffusion scheme with multiple diffusion times (), q‐shells and diffusion encoding directions. Firstly, a bi‐exponential tensor model was fitted separately at each diffusion time to disentangle the dependence on diffusion times from diffusion weightings, that is, b‐values. The slow‐diffusing component was attributed to the restricted diffusion inside cardiomyocytes. ICV was then extrapolated at using linear regression. Secondly, given the secondary and the tertiary diffusion eigenvalue measurements for the slow‐diffusing component obtained at different diffusion times, major and minor diameters were estimated assuming a cylinder model with an elliptical cross‐section (ECS). High‐resolution three‐dimensional synchrotron X‐ray imaging (SRI) data from the same specimen was utilized to evaluate the biophysical parameters.ResultsEstimated parameters using DWI data were (control 1/control 2 vs. TAC 1/TAC 2): major diameter—17.4 m/18.0 m versus 19.2 m/19.0 m; minor diameter—10.2 m/9.4 m versus 12.8 m/13.4 m; and ICV—62%/62% versus 68%/47%. These findings were consistent with SRI measurements.ConclusionThe proposed method allowed for accurate estimation of biophysical parameters suggesting cardiomyocyte diameters as sensitive biomarkers of hypertrophy in the heart.
Space−time spectral approximations of a parabolic optimal control problem with an L2‐norm control constraint
Authors: Tao Zhen‐Zhen , Sun Bing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article deals with the spectral approximation of an optimal control problem governed by a parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) with an ‐norm control constraint. The investigations employ the space−time spectral method, which is, more precisely, a dual Petrov‐Galerkin spectral method in time and a spectral method in space to discrete the continuous system. As a global method, it uses the global polynomials as the trial functions for discretization of PDEs. After obtaining the optimality condition of the continuous system and that of its spectral discrete surrogate, we establish a priori and a posteriori error estimates for the spectral approximation in detail. Three numerical examples in different spatial dimensions then confirm the theoretical results and also show the efficiency as well as a good precision of the adopted space−time spectral method.
On the optimal control of kinetic epidemic models with uncertain social features
Authors: Franceschi Jonathan , Medaglia Andrea , Zanella Mattia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is recognized that social heterogeneities in terms of the contact distribution have a strong influence on the spread of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, few data are available on the group composition of social contacts, and their statistical description does not possess universal patterns and may vary spatially and temporally. It is therefore essential to design robust control strategies, mimicking the effects of non‐pharmaceutical interventions, to limit efficiently the number of infected cases. In this work, starting from a recently introduced kinetic model for epidemiological dynamics that takes into account the impact of social contacts of individuals, we consider an uncertain contact formation dynamics leading to slim‐tailed as well as fat‐tailed distributions of contacts. Hence, we analyse the effects of an optimally robust control strategy of the system of agents. Thanks to classical methods of kinetic theory, we couple uncertainty quantification methods with the introduced mathematical model to assess the effects of social limitations. Finally, using the proposed modeling approach and starting from available data, we show the effectiveness of the proposed selective measures to dampen uncertainties together with the epidemic trends.
Somatic loss ofATMis a late event in pancreatic tumorigenesis
Authors: Paranal Raymond M , Jiang Zhengdong , Hutchings Danielle , Kryklyva Valentyna , Gauthier Christian , Fujikura Kohei , Nanda Neha , Huang Bo , Skaro Michael , Wolfgang Christopher L , He Jin , Klimstra David S , Brand Randall E , Singhi Aatur D , DeMarzo Angelo , Zheng Lei , Goggins Michael , Brosens Lodewijk AA , Hruban Ralph H , Klein Alison P , Lotan Tamara , Wood Laura D , Roberts Nicholas J 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the timing and spectrum of genetic alterations that contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer is essential for effective interventions and treatments. The aim of this study was to characterize somaticATMalterations in noninvasive pancreatic precursor lesions and invasive pancreatic adenocarcinomas from patients with and without pathogenic germlineATMvariants. DNA was isolated and sequenced from the invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and precursor lesions of patients with a pathogenic germlineATMvariant. Tumor and precursor lesions from these patients as well as colloid carcinoma from patients without a germlineATMvariant were immunolabeled to assess ATM expression. Among patients with a pathogenic germlineATMvariant, somaticATMalterations, either mutations and/or loss of protein expression, were identified in 75.0% of invasive pancreatic adenocarcinomas but only 7.1% of pancreatic precursor lesions. Loss of ATM expression was also detected in 31.0% of colloid carcinomas from patients unselected for germlineATMstatus, significantly higher than in pancreatic precursor lesions [pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (p = 0.0013); intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms,p = 0.0040] and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (p = 0.0076) unselected for germline ATM status. These data are consistent with the second hit toATMbeing a late event in pancreatic tumorigenesis. © 2023 The Authors.The Journal of Pathologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Distinct genomic landscapes in radiation‐associated angiosarcoma compared with other radiation‐associated sarcoma histologies
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K , Chi Ping , Tap William D , Rosenbaum Evan , D'Angelo Sandra , Alektiar Kaled M , Antonescu Cristina R 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMYC amplifications have been frequently detected in radiation (RT)‐associated angiosarcomas (ASs) by low‐resolution molecular methods. However, large‐scale next‐generation sequencing (NGS) studies to investigate the genomic landscape of RT‐AS are scarce, particularly compared with other RT‐associated sarcomas. We performed a detailed comparative genomic investigation of RT‐AS versus other RT‐associated histotypes, as well as sporadic sarcomas with similar histologies. Our institutional targeted DNA‐NGS assay database was searched for RT‐associated sarcomas. Clinical outcome data, pathologic diagnosis, and the types and frequencies of genomic alterations, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs), were analyzed. The cohort consisted of 82 patients, 68 (83%) females and 14 (17%) males, aged 37–88 (mean 64) years. Forty‐four RT‐ASs (38 from breast) and 38 RT sarcomas of other histologies, including 12 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (RT‐MPNSTs), 14 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (RT‐UPSs), and 12 osteosarcomas (RT‐OSs), were included. Median time intervals from radiation to initial diagnosis in RT‐AS (8.0 years) were significantly lower than those in RT‐MPNST and RT‐UPS (12.5 and 18.5 years), respectively. Each RT‐sarcoma histotype harbored distinct mutations and CNAs. RT‐associated AS had more frequent MYC, FLT4, CRKL, HRAS, and KMT2D alterations than sporadic AS (enriched in TP53, KDR, ATM, ATRX), whereas the mutational landscapes of MPNST, UPS, and OS were similar in both RT and non‐RT settings. CDKN2A/B deletions and TP53 alterations were infrequent in RT‐AS compared with other RT sarcomas. Among RT sarcomas, RT‐AS harbored the lowest fraction of genome altered (FGA), while RT‐MPNST showed the highest FGA. RT‐AS had the lowest insertion:SNV and deletion:SNV ratios, while RT‐UPS had the highest. The predominant mutational signatures were associated with errors in DNA repair and replication. In conclusion, RT‐AS has a distinct genomic landscape compared with other RT sarcomas and sporadic AS. Potential molecular targets for precision medicine may be histotype‐dependent. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.