bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness Measurement by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Sood A. K. , Paliwal R. O. , Mishra R. Y. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To assess the reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) when the same investigator does scan thrice in a span of one hour without reference to the previous scan, is able to get similar results or not, without using the repeat function.Methods. In this prospective observational study 200 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion & exclusion criteria were scanned 3 times as per pre-defined guidelines at 0 minutes, 30 minutes; 60 minutes on the same day, by the same investigator using SD-OCT for measurements of RNFL and macular thickness & observations were statistically analyzed & correlated.Results. In RNFL thickness, temporal sector shows the worst reproducibility as compared to other sectors. The RNFL thickness was greatest in superior quadrant and thinnest in temporal quadrant. Female values were significantly higher than males in RNFL superior and RNFL symmetry. For macular thickness, temporal sector (mid-zone) showed the worst reproducibility and in outer-zone, Inferior sector showed the worst reproducibility. It also shows that macular thickness was thinnest at the central zone (innermost 1 mm ring), thickest within the inner 3 mm ring and diminished peripherally.Conclusion. RNFL and macular thickness measurements by SD-OCT by the same observer at 0 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes were very reproducible except in the sectors specifically mentioned. The greater the thickness of RNFL in any sector, the better will be the reproducibility in that sector. For macular thickness, temporal sector (mid-zone) showed the worst reproducibility & with an increase in age the macular thickness measurements decreases.
Cataract Surgery Results of New Lens Implantation “Synthesis”
Authors: Ivachev E. A. , Denisova I. P. , Anisimova E. V. , Krasnova A. Yu. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose. Analysis of the cataract surgery visual outcomes and advantages of intraocular lens Synthesis SIPY.Material and methods. We have operated 43 eyes with cataract (38 patients) using Synthesis SIPY lens. Non-corrected visual acuity was 0.13 ± 0.08, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.36 ± 0.1.Results. Following 7 months, secondary cataract was not detected in any patient, what explain the actuality of square edge optical part on 360° of perimeter. The lens is inserted in cartridge in factory sterile conditions which exclude the contact between lens and environment, reduce the risk of incorrect inserting of the lens in cartridge following pinching by the cartridge flaps and, subsequently, the haptic tearing off. This complex “lens-cartridge” excludes the damage of haptics and optic parts, which can occur in using other IOLs during the removal of the lens from the vial and placing it in the groove of the cartridge. Position of cartridge in injector centralizes the cartridge tunnel for the Accuject Pro injector plunger, thereby reducing the risk of pinching the rubber tip of the IOL haptic plunger during implantation. The diameter of the cartridge tip allows the IOL to be implanted through a 1.6 mm tunnel. The uncorrected visual acuity after surgery was 0.6 ± 0.28. The best corrected visual acuity was 0.78 ± 0.24.Conclusions. The Synthesis SIPY lens has a number of advantages: factory installation of the lens into the cartridge and compatibility of the cartridge with the Accuject Pro injector prevent damage to the IOL; Implantation of the Synthesis SIPY lens is possible through the 1.6 mm corneal tunnel; high diopter ranges from -10.0D to + 40.0D allows for maximum visual results.
Predictive Model for the Type of Active Retinopathy of Prematurity Based on Data from Angiological Studies
Authors: Trifanenkova I. G. , Tereshchenko A. V. 
Published: January 2023

The purpose — to develop a prognostic model of the type of active retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) based on informative prognostic parameters of optical coherence tomography of the retina in angio-mode (OCT-A) and color duplex scanning (CDS) for a reliable choice of patient management tactics.Patients and methods. 30 premature infants (30 eyes) with favorable and unfavorable types of 1–3 stages of active ROP were performed with optical coherence tomography of the retina in angio-mode. Children were born at a gestational age of 25–34 weeks. The birth weight of children was 680–2030 g. 55 premature infants (55 eyes) with active ROP were performed with CDS in modes of color Doppler mapping and pulsed Doppler sonography. Children were born at a gestational age of 25–32 weeks. The birth weight of children was 680–1760 g. ROC analysis was used to estimate the prognostic information content of the quantitative indicators of OCT-A and CDS in relation to the type of active ROP. The discriminant analysis was used to estimate the contribution of the studied quantitative indicators to the intergroup differences in the type of active ROP. A regression model was built to obtain a prediction of a favorable or unfavorable type of disease. The assessment of the acceptability of the model as a whole was carried out according to the index of determination and the level of significance of the resulting model (p < 0.05).Results. The most informative prognostic indicators of the type of active ROP were determined, according to OCT in angio-mode: the area of the foveal avascular zone — and, according to CDS: maximum systolic and end diastolic blood flow velocity in the ophthalmic artery, maximum systolic blood flow velocity in the posterior short ciliary arteries, minimum velocity blood flow in the central retinal vein. On the basis of informative indicators, a reliable prognostic model of the type of active ROP was built, which has two independent variables: the area of the foveal avascular zone and the end diastolic blood flow velocity in the ophthalmic artery. The dependent variable can take values close to 0, which determine the favorable type of the disease, or close to 1, which determines the unfavorable type of the disease.Conclusion. The introduction of the obtained model into clinical practice will allow to objectively determine the unfavorable course of the pathological process at the earliest stages, as well as to carry out early treatment of active ROP.
Prolonged Herpetic Keratitis in Chronic Sinusitis and Tonsillitis: Experience of Practical Solutions
Authors: Chernakova G. M. , Kleshcheva E. A. , Turdalieva Z. D. , Shchegoleva V. I. 
Published: January 2023

Aim: to describe the experience of practical solutions for herpetic keratitis of a protracted course with latent chronic sinusitis and tonsillitis.Material and methods. We observed 111 patients with various forms of prolonged herpetic keratitis and inflammatory ENT pathology. All patients underwent a study of biological secretions (tear, saliva, blood and urine) for the presence of DNA of herpetic viruses by PCR, systemic antiviral therapy was prescribed. All patients underwent a standard otorhinolaryngological examination, СТ scan of the paranasal sinuses (if necessary), microbiological study of nasopharynx swabs. Local therapy of herpetic keratitis included anti-inflammatory and antibacterial components.Results and discussion. Isolated sinus inflammation occurred in 59 % of cases (65 patients), in 38 % of cases (42 patients) there were variants of combinations of sinus inflammation (sinusitis, sphenoethmoiditis, pansinusitis). In 24 % of those included in the study (n = 27), during examination, in addition to the presence or absence of sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis was determined. In 30 % of cases (more often than in other secrets), herpetic viruses were detected in saliva, coccal flora dominated in swabs from the nasopharynx. A marked reduction in ophthalmological symptoms correlated with start of ENT therapy.Conclusions. This clinical and laboratory study has showed a close pathogenetic relationship of anterior ophthalmic herpes and concomitant inflammatory pathology of the paranasal sinuses and oropharynx. Active ethiotropic therapy of sinusitis and tonsillitis promotes short-term reduction of ophthalmic symptoms.
Epidemiological Studies of the Eye Pathology over a Long-Term Follow-Up Period in the Population Affected by Chronic Radiation Exposure in the Southern Urals
Authors: Mikryukova L. D. 
Published: January 2023

Objective of the study: to analyze cataract incidence rates over the period from 1955 through 2019 in the cohort of the population exposed in the Southern Urals and to analyze radiation risk of cataract incidence.Methods. For the first time cataract incidence was assessed over a long- term period from 1955 through 2019 in people who were chronically exposed in a low-to-moderate dose range. The registry of eye pathologies created in the URCRM was used as the basis for the study. Analysis of incidence rates was conducted with account of the individualized doses to the lens. The incidence rates were calculated using the methods of medical statistics per 1,000 people. The odds ration (OR) of cataract development was also evaluated using the case-control study.Results. In total the studied group consisted of 14,751 people (1955–2019) who underwent examinations in the outpatient department of the URCRM. As of December 2020 4,658 patients with cataract were registered. According to the findings of the study (1955–2019) it has been stated that cataract incidence increases with age and thus with the aging of the cohort, improvement of the quality of the diagnosing procedures and examination of the patients. The number of cataracts in women significantly exceeds that in men (3,169 and 1,489, respectively). Standardized incidence rate of cataract over all the years of the follow-up is 172.94 (95 % CI: 168.10–177.78). In the course of the study of the cataract incidence dependence on the dose to the lens, it has been revealed that cataract incidence tends to increase with the increasing dose. Risk value of cataract development (OR) depending on the dose to the lens obtained as a result of the case-control study made up 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.00–1.21).Conclusion. The incidence of cataract in the studied cohort increases with the follow-up periods. The number of cataracts in women is greater than that in men, the age characteristics are approximately the same. A trend of increased effect of the dose on the increase in the risk of cataracts was established based on the results of the performed analysis.
El Derecho Fundamental De Respeto a la Dignidad de la Persona Humana
Authors: López Edgardo Torres 
Published: January 2023

La dignidad de la persona es un derecho y un deber fundamental en el Estado Constitucional, desde una perspectiva moral y jurídica; es base del respeto, la libertad, la autonomía y responsabilidad del ser humano. En este marco:
A. – Los objetivos planteados en el presente artículo son los siguientes:
1. Conocer el significado e importancia de la dignidad humana.
2. Consignar algunos ejemplos que sirvan como referente normativo y práctico, para el respeto de la dignidad.
3. Precisar parte de la trascendencia del concepto de dignidad en el Estado Constitucional de Derecho.
B. Hipótesis.-
La falta de respeto a la dignidad humana como base fundamental, del Estado Constitucional de Derecho, ha generado y sigue generando graves situaciones de violencia y grandes brechas, sociales, culturales y económicas; que podrían solucionarse cumpliendo y haciendo cumplir la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos.
C. Metodología.
Revisión de bibliografía, textos legales y observación de la realidad.
D. Resultados alcanzados.
Aproximación a la realidad, y pistas para profundizar la investigación
Doximity Orthopaedic Surgery Program Rankings Are Associated with Academic Productivity
Authors: Meade Patrick J. , Amin Sheena J. , Stamm Michaela A. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Doximity residency rankings are used to compare training programs. Reputation is a component of Doximity rankings and is based on physician surveys. Outcomes-based measures allow for objective program comparison and may be more appropriate when assessing programs. This study evaluated how Doximity rankings of orthopaedic surgery residency programs compare with an outcomes-based ranking of programs based on academic productivity. This study also evaluated whether program size and type were associated with academic productivity.

Methods:
Orthopaedic program rankings, size, type, and research productivity were recorded from Doximity. An academic productivity score was calculated by averaging the mean percentage of alumni clinical trials and alumni publications. Analysis of variance and post hoc analyses were performed to determine whether academic productivity was associated with program reputation, size, and type.

Results:
One hundred seventy-five orthopaedic residency programs were included. Program rankings, size, and type had a statistically significant association with academic productivity (p < 0.0001). The 44 orthopaedic programs in the top quartile had an academic productivity score of 79.1 ± 13 in comparison with programs in the bottom quartile, who had a score of 38.3 ± 12.1 (p < 0.0001). Of the programs in the top quartile of reputation rankings, 32 (73%) were also in the top quartile for academic productivity. Programs with more residents demonstrated greater academic productivity than smaller programs. Twenty-three programs (13%) had more than 30 residents and a mean academic productivity of 76.2 ± 14.8. In comparison, 13 programs (7.5%) had 10 or fewer residents with an academic productivity score of 40.6 ± 16.3 (p < 0.0001). An academic productivity score differed significantly based on program type: university (63.9 ± 14.8), military (54.7 ± 16.9), university/community (46.3 ± 15.6), and community (38.7 ± 15) (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Academic productivity among orthopaedic residency programs is associated with Doximity ranking, program size, and type. This information can be used by medical students, residents, and physicians to understand the Doximity rankings and how they correlate with this objective measure.

Level of Evidence:
III.
Tendon Transfers to Restore Shoulder Function for Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: Thamer Semran , Kijak Nicoletta , Toraih Eman , Thabet Ahmed M. , Abdelgawad Amr 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is a relatively common stretch injury of the brachial plexus sustained during delivery. Tendon transfers are commonly performed to improve shoulder function among patients with OBPP. Although several techniques for the surgical management of OBPP exist, it is unclear whether tendon transfers to the rotator cuff vs. posterior humerus yield different outcomes.

Methods:
A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to January 1, 2021, was performed. Relevant publications were classified by surgical technique of tendon transfers to the rotator cuff or posterior humerus. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare preoperative and postoperative aggregate Mallet scores as well as abduction and external rotation scores using the Mallet scale. A p value of <0.01 was considered significant.

Results:
Data from 26 studies and 951 patients (46.2% male patients) with a mean age of 68.9 ± 29.3 months were included. Eight hundred three patients underwent tendon transfer to the rotator cuff and 148 to the posterior humerus. The average postoperative follow-up period was 45.2 ± 21.7 months. The pooled cohort had an overall improvement in postoperative aggregate Mallet scores (SMD = 5.53, p < 0.001), abduction scores (SMD = 1.79, p < 0.001), and external rotation scores (SMD = 1.99, p < 0.001). Tendon transfer to the rotator cuff had a greater postoperative improvement in abduction (SMD = 1.90, p < 0.001) than transfer to the posterior humerus (SMD = 1.32, p < 0.001) while both techniques yielded similar improvements in external rotation (rotator cuff SMD = 2.01, p < 0.001, posterior humerus SMD = 1.98, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This is the first systematic review comparing outcomes for tendon transfers to the rotator cuff vs. the posterior humerus for improving shoulder function in patients with OBPP. Overall, tendon transfers are an effective treatment for improving shoulder function. Transfer of the latissimus dorsi and teres major to the rotator cuff compared with transfer to the posterior humerus results in greater improvement in abduction while both techniques have similar results in improving external rotation.

Level of Evidence:
Level I Systematic review of Level I and Level II studies
Understanding Imbibition Mechanisms of Catanionic Surfactant–Stabilized Nanoemulsion for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs: Experimental and Numerical Assessment
Authors: Wei Bing , Wang Lele , Mao Runxue , Yu Guanqun , Wang Dianlin , Lu Jun , Tang Jinyu 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Surfactant-induced imbibition is considered a promising method for increasing oil recovery from tight oil reservoirs beyond primary production. Nanoemulsion (nE) offers a great potential for this application owing to its unique physicochemical properties, such as kinetic stability, large surface area, and low oil-aqueous interfacial tension (IFT). Herein, we designed and prepared a series of surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) nE using efficient catanionic surfactants by a low-energy method. The physicochemical properties of the nE samples were comprehensively characterized to better perform experimental and numerical simulations and constrain the modeling. We conducted imbibition tests on Chang 7 tight cores using nE and brine and also assessed the imbibition dynamics.
Results indicated that nE was successfully synthesized at a surfactant concentration ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 wt%. The oil droplets in nE had a mean size of 10 nm. All the nE samples were able to lower the oil-aqueous IFT to an ultralow level of 10–3 mN/m. In addition, nE demonstrated superior capacities in wettability alteration, and oil solubilization and emulsification, which were all integrated into numerical modeling. The imbibition oil recovery was increased by 18.8% of the initial oil in place when nE1 (0.4 wt%) was used compared to that of brine. Because of the interactions among oil, nE, and rock surface, nE required a longer time to reach imbibition equilibrium than brine. The simulation results, for the first time, suggested that the dominant imbibition mechanisms of nE varied with time, during which IFT reduction and wettability alteration played the leading roles in the first 50 hours. The reactions of oil solubilization and emulsification became significant after 50 hours and then contributed equally to the oil recovery with IFT reduction and wettability alteration. The diffusion of nanosized oil droplets increased the equilibrium time of imbibition, thereby promoting the ultimate oil recovery.
Real-Time Underreamer Vibration Predicting, Monitoring, and Decision-Making Using Hybrid Modeling and a Process Digital Twin
Authors: Shi Jibin , Dourthe Laetitia , Li Denis , Deng Li , Louback Leonardo , Song Fei , Abolins Nick , Verano Fernando , Zhang Pusheng , Groover Joshua , Gomez Falla Diego , Li Ke 
Published: January 2023

Summary
In hole enlargement while drilling (HEWD) operations, underreamers are used extensively to enlarge the pilot hole. Reamer wipeout failure can cause additional bottomhole assembly (BHA) trips, which can cost operators millions of dollars. Excessive reamer shock and vibration are leading causes of reamer wipeout; therefore, careful monitoring of reamer vibration is important in mitigating such a risk. Currently, downhole vibration sensors and drilling dynamics simulations (DDSs) are used to comprehend and reduce downhole vibration, but vibration sensors cannot be placed exactly at the reamer to monitor the vibrations in real time. DDSs are difficult to calibrate and are computationally expensive for use in real time; therefore, the real-time reamer vibration status is typically unknown during drilling operations. A process digital twin using a hybrid modeling approach is proposed and tested to address the vibration issue. Large amounts of field data are used in advanced DDSs to calibrate the HEWD runs. For each HEWD section, calibrated DDSs are performed to comprehend the downhole vibration at the reamer and downhole vibration sensors. A surrogate regression model between reamer vibration and sensor vibration is built using machine learning. This surrogate model is implemented in a drilling monitoring software platform as a process digital twin. During drilling, the surrogate model uses downhole measurement while drilling (MWD) data as inputs to predict reamer vibration. Wipeout risk levels are calculated and sent to the operators for real-time decision-making to reduce the possibility of reamer wipeout. Large volumes of reamer field data, including field recorded vibration and reamer dull conditions were used to validate the digital twin workflow. Then, the process digital twin was implemented and tested in two reamer runs in the Gulf of Mexico. A downhole high-frequency sensor was placed 8 ft above the reamer cutting structure in one field run, and the recorded sensor vibration data and corresponding reamer dull conditions showed a very good match with the real-time digital twin predictions in a low-vibration scenario. Cases in high vibration are needed to fully validate the feasibility and accuracy of the digital twin. State-of-the-art downhole sensors, DDS packages, large amounts of field data, and a hybrid approach are the solutions to building, calibrating, and field testing the reamer digital twin to ensure its effectiveness and accuracy. Such a hybrid modeling approach can not only be applied to reamers but also to other critical BHA components.
Wellbore Temperature Field During Cementing Pumping
Authors: Zheng Rui , Huang Zhao , Chen Zhi-Tao , Cheng Si-Da , Li Yong , Jin Hai-Sheng 
Published: January 2023

Summary
To plan cementing operations in oil wells, predicting accurate circulating temperature is required. Failure to predict the circulating temperature can result in the wrong thickening time. To the best of our knowledge, correlation of the tables in API Recommended Practice 10B are usually chosen to predict bottomhole circulating temperature (BHCT), but both are not suitable in every block with a different geological condition. To design thickening time of the cement slurry, it is necessary to give a credible temperature profile of the wellbore during cementing pumping. Accordingly, a heat transfer numerical model has been developed to simulate conditions encountered down hole. To be accurate, the thermal conductivities and the specific heat of the mud, the spacer, and the cement slurry have been tested. The circulating temperature encountered by the cement slurry rises with the drop of the rate, the increase of the lateral section, the decrease of the slurry density, the decrease of the slurry thermal conductivity, and the decrease of the slurry-specific heat. The simulated data agree with the data obtained from the field case. The heat-up process of the cement slurry in simulation is different from that in the API thickening-time test. To analyze the impact of heat-up process on thickening time, two tests were designed. The results show that the heat-up process has a significant impact on the thickening time. Therefore, the method given by API has some limitations. The wellbore temperature field during cementing pumping was analyzed, and the real-time temperature of fluid was tracked, which supports the cementing design optimization and job safety, also improving bonding quality.