bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of tooth brushing pattern and its effects on dental tissues in Obafemi Awolowo University students
Authors: Akhimie E.E. , Oginni F.O. , Oginni A.O. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To determine the tooth brushing patterns among Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) students and the effects on dental tissues.Method: A convenient sampling technique was used to select 100 undergraduate students of the Obafemi Awolowo University. A self administered questionnaire designed to determine respondents' demographics and tooth brushing techniques was employed. Thereafter, dental examination was carried out on all respondents. Data was inputted and subjected to computer analysis using the Statistical package for social science version 17.0 (SPSS).Result: Majority (95%) of the respondents used toothbrush in cleaning their teeth while 7% combined toothbrush and chewing stick. Ninety nine percent of the respondents used toothpaste in cleaning their teeth, 72.7% of the respondents brushed their teeth once a day and 24.2% brushed twice a day. Fifty two percent of the respondents who brushed twice a day were females, while 48% were males. The pattern of tooth brushing was correct in 51.7% of the respondents as reported. Use of highly abrasive agents was also rare. Gingival recession was found in 31% of subjects (p=0.15) that employed hard texture toothbrush. The prevalence of non carious cervical lesion was 3% and these lesions were found in males only.Conclusion: The pattern of tooth brushing was correct in 51.7% of the respondents as reported. However the effect on dental tissues though present is not exaggerated when compared to other studies done in other parts of the world.
Biological properties of mucus from land snails (Lissachatina fulica) and freshwater snails (Pomacea canaliculata) and histochemical study of mucous cells in their foot
Authors: Phrompanya Phornphan , Suriyaruean Narinnida , Nantarat Nattawadee , Saenphet Supap , Tragoolpua Yingmanee , Saenphet Kanokporn 
Published: August 2023

Background
Mucus derived from many land snails has been extensively utilised in medicine and cosmetics, but some biological activities of the mucus need to be well documented. Nevertheless, most mucus is obtained from land snails, while mucus from freshwater snails has yet to be attended.

Methods
This study aims to determine and compare mucus’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from the land snail Lissachatina fulica and the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. ABTS, DPPH, reducing power and total antioxidant activity assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells was performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the histochemical analysis of mucous cells in each snail foot was conducted to compare the distribution of mucous cells and types of mucins using periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue staining.

Results
Mucus from L. fulica and P. canaliculata exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in different parameters. L. fulica mucus has higher total antioxidant (44.71 ± 2.11 mg AAE/g) and nitric oxide inhibitory activities (IC50 = 9.67 ± 0.31 µg/ml), whereas P. canaliculata mucus has better-reducing power activity (43.63 ± 2.47 mg AAE/g) and protein denaturation inhibition (IC50 = 0.60 ± 0.03 mg/ml). Histochemically, both species’ dorsal and ventral foot regions contained neutral and acid mucins in different quantities. In the dorsal region, the neutral mucins level in L. fulica (16.64 ± 3.46%) was significantly higher than that in P. canaliculata (11.19 ± 1.50%), while the acid mucins level showed no significant difference between species. Levels of both mucins in the ventral foot region of L. fulica (15.08 ± 3.97% and 10.76 ± 3.00%, respectively) were significantly higher than those of P. canaliculata (2.25 ± 0.48% and 2.71 ± 0.56%, respectively). This study revealed scientific evidence of the biological capacity of mucus from L. fulica and P. canaliculata as well as provided helpful information on the region of the foot which produces effective mucus.
Changes in Medicaid Fee-for-Service Benefit Design for Substance Use Disorder Treatment During the Opioid Crisis, 2014 to 2021
Authors: Shoulders Angela , Andrews Christina M. , Westlake Melissa A. , Abraham Amanda J. , Grogan Colleen M. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceMedicaid is the largest payer of substance use disorder treatment in the US and plays a key role in responding to the opioid epidemic. However, as recently as 2017, many state Medicaid programs still did not cover the full continuum of clinically recommended care.ObjectiveTo determine whether state Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) programs have expanded coverage and loosened restrictions on access to substance use disorder treatment in recent years.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn 2014, 2017, and 2021, a survey on coverage for substance use disorder treatment was conducted among state Medicaid programs and the District of Columbia with FFS programs. This survey was completed by Medicaid program directors or knowledgeable staff. Data analysis was performed in 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe following were calculated for a variety of substance use disorder treatment services (individual and group outpatient, intensive outpatient, short-term and long-term residential, recovery support, inpatient treatment and detoxification, and outpatient detoxification) and medications (methadone, oral and injectable naltrexone, and buprenorphine): (1) the percentage of Medicaid FFS programs covering these services and medications and (2) the percentage of Medicaid FFS programs using utilization management policies, such as copayments, prior authorizations, and annual maximums.ResultsThis study had response rates of 92% in 2014 and 2017 (47 of 51 states) and 90% in 2021 (46 of 51 states). For the 2021 wave, data are reported for the 38 non–managed care organization plan-only states. Between 2017 and 2021, coverage of individual and group outpatient treatment increased to 100% of states, and use of annual maximums for medications decreased to 3% or less (n ≤ 1). However, important gaps in coverage persisted, particularly for more intensive services: 10% of Medicaid FFS programs (n = 4) did not cover intensive outpatient treatment, 13% (n = 5) did not cover short-term residential care, and 33% (n = 13) did not cover long-term residential care. Use of utilization controls, such as copays, prior authorizations, and annual maximums, decreased but continued to be widespread.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study of state Medicaid FFS programs, increases in coverage and decreases in use of utilization management policies over time were observed for substance use disorder treatment and medications. However, these findings suggest that some states still lag behind and impose barriers to treatment. Future research should work to identify the long-term ramifications of these barriers for patients.
Salpingectomy and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer in Ontario
Authors: Giannakeas Vasily , Murji Ally , Lipscombe Lorraine L. , Narod Steven A. , Kotsopoulos Joanne 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceA body of pathological and clinical evidence supports the position that the fallopian tube is the site of origin for a large proportion of high-grade serous ovarian cancers. Consequently, salpingectomy is now considered for permanent contraception (in lieu of tubal ligation) or ovarian cancer prevention (performed opportunistically at the time of surgical procedures for benign gynecologic conditions).ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between salpingectomy and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based retrospective cohort study included all women aged 18 to 80 years who were eligible for health care services in Ontario, Canada. Participants were identified using administrative health databases from Ontario between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2019. A total of 131 516 women were included in the primary (matched) analysis. Women were followed up until December 31, 2021.ExposuresSalpingectomy (with and without hysterectomy) vs no pelvic procedure (control condition) among women in the general population.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWomen with a unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy in Ontario between April 1, 1992, and December 31, 2019, were matched 1:3 to women with no pelvic procedure from the general population. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer combined.ResultsAmong 131 516 women (mean [SD] age, 42.2 [7.6] years), 32 879 underwent a unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy, and 98 637 did not undergo a pelvic procedure. After a mean (range) follow-up of 7.4 (0-29.2) years in the salpingectomy group and 7.5 (0-29.2) years in the nonsurgical control group, there were 31 incident cancers (0.09%) and 117 incident cancers (0.12%), respectively (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.55-1.21). The HR for cancer incidence was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.53-1.44) when comparing those with salpingectomy vs those with hysterectomy alone.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, no association was found between salpingectomy and the risk of ovarian cancer; however, this observation was based on few incident cases and a relatively short follow-up time. Studies with additional years of follow-up are necessary to define the true level of potential risk reduction with salpingectomy, although longer follow-up will also be a challenge unless collaborative efforts that pool data are undertaken.
A Photopolymerizable Biocompatible Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Promotes Early Articular Cartilage Repair in a Minipig Model In Vivo
Authors: Gao Liang , Beninatto Riccardo , Oláh Tamás , Goebel Lars , Tao Ke , Roels Rebecca , Schrenker Steffen , Glomm Julianne , Venkatesan Jagadeesh K. , Schmitt Gertrud , Sahin Ebrar , Dahhan Ola , Pavan Mauro , Barbera Carlo , Lucia Alba Di , Menger Michael D. , Laschke Matthias W. , Cucchiarini Magali , Galesso Devis , Madry Henning 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArticular cartilage defects represent an unsolved clinical challenge. Photopolymerizable hydrogels are attractive candidates supporting repair. This study investigates the short‐term safety and efficacy of two novel hyaluronic acid (HA)‐triethylene glycol (TEG)‐coumarin hydrogels photocrosslinked in situ in a clinically relevant large animal model. It is hypothesized that HA‐hydrogel‐augmented microfracture (MFX) is superior to MFX in enhancing early cartilage repair, and that the molar degree of substitution and concentration of HA affects repair. Chondral full‐thickness defects in the knees of adult minipigs are treated with either 1) debridement (No MFX), 2) debridement and MFX, 3) debridement, MFX, and HA hydrogel (30% molar derivatization, 30 mg mL−1 HA; F3) (MFX+F3), and 4) debridement, MFX, and HA hydrogel (40% molar derivatization, 20 mg mL−1 HA; F4) (MFX+F4). After 8 weeks postoperatively, MFX+F3 significantly improves total macroscopic and histological scores compared with all other groups without negative effects, besides significantly enhancing the individual repair parameters “defect architecture,” “repair tissue surface” (compared with No MFX, MFX), and “subchondral bone” (compared with MFX). These data indicate that photopolymerizable HA hydrogels enable a favorable metastable microenvironment promoting early chondrogenesis in vivo. This work also uncovers a mechanism for effective HA‐augmented cartilage repair by combining lower molar derivatization with higher concentrations.
Black Phosphorus‐Based Conductive Hydrogels Assisted by Electrical Stimulus for Skin Tissue Engineering
Authors: Liu Wenxin , Zhu Yingnan , Tao Zhaofan , Chen Yuxiang , Zhang Lei , Dong Alideertu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConductive hydrogels have shown great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering, owing to their electroactive, mechanical, and chemical properties. However, it still remains as a challenge to incorporate other functions into conductive hydrogels, such as antibacterial ability, controllable drug release, and biodegradability. In this study, a black phosphorus‐based conductive hydrogel (HA‐DA@BP) is prepared by an amidation reaction coupled with a coordination of Fe3+‐catechol. The hydrogel could be changed from the sol phase to the gel phase under electrical stimulus (ES). The results show that BP could be released under slight acidity, which is cell compatible but could achieve synergistic electrical antibacterial action and promote wound healing. This study proves that BP is a strong candidate for electroactive materials and provides a new insight for the development of BP‐based biomedical materials in skin tissue engineering.
Anchoring π‐d Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks with Dual‐Active Centers on Carbon Nanotubes for Advanced Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Junhao , Jia Hongfeng , Liu Zhaoli , Yu Jie , Cheng Linqi , Wang Heng‐Guo , Cui Fengchao , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are gradually gaining attention owing to their natural abundance, excellent security, and high energy density. However, developing excellent organic cathode materials for PIBs to overcome the poor cycling stability and slow kinetics caused by the large radii of K+ ions is challenging. This study demonstrates for the first time the application of a hexaazanonaphthalene (HATN)‐based 2D π‐d conjugated metal–organic framework (2D c‐MOF) with dual‐active centers (Cu‐HATNH) and integrates Cu‐HATNH with carbon nanotubes (Cu‐HATNH@CNT) as the cathode material for PIBs. Owing to this systematic module integration and more exposed active sites with high utilization, Cu‐HATNH@CNT exhibits a high initial capacity (317.5 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent long‐term cycling stability (capacity retention of 96.8% at 5 A g−1 after 2200 cycles), and outstanding rate capacity (147.1 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1). The reaction mechanism and performance are determined by combining experimental characterization and density functional theory calculations. This contribution provides new opportunities for designing high‐performance 2D c‐MOF cathodes with multiple active sites for PIBs.
In Situ Nanoindentation at Elevated Humidities
Authors: Tadayon Kian , Bar‐On Benny , Günther Björn , Vogel Cordula , Zlotnikov Igor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanoindentation is one of the most widespread methods to measure the mechanical performance of complex materials systems. As it allows for local characterization of composite architectures with sub‐micron spatial features and a large range of properties, nanoindentation is commonly used to measure the properties of biological materials. In situ nanoindentation, a further development of the approach, is a powerful tool for the analysis of plastic deformation and failure of materials. Here, samples can be mechanically manipulated using the indenter, while their behavior is monitored with the resolution of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Indeed, numerous studies demonstrate the potential of this approach for studying the most fundamental material characteristics. However, so far, these measurements are performed in high‐vacuum conditions inherent to the conventional electron microscopy method, which are irrelevant when studying biological structures that evolved to perform in hydrated conditions. In this work, the ability to conduct nanoindentation experiments under controlled humidity and temperature inside an environmental SEM is developed. This technique has the potential to become crucial for materials design and characterization in many domains where humidity has a significant impact on performance. These include organic/polymer systems, microelectronic and optoelectronic devices, materials for catalysis, batteries, and many more.
Terahertz Nonreciprocal Photonic Spin Manipulation with Light‐Magneto‐Joint Modulation
Authors: Wang Hao , Fan Fei , Tan Zhiyu , Zhao Dan , Ji Yunyun , Cheng Jierong , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNonreciprocal materials and devices play an irreplaceable role in isolating, routing, and multiplexing. However, in the terahertz (THz) band, their active control mechanisms are still limited. Herein, a THz nonreciprocal photonic spin transmission is demonstrated in the undoped InSb actively manipulated by a light‐magneto‐joint modulation method, in which THz cyclotron resonance of the photoinduced carriers is conjunctively excited by both pump laser and external magnetic field. Moreover, a diffusion model of photoinduced non‐equilibrium carriers and its nonreciprocal dispersion model of magnetized plasma are established to interpret the experimental observation. The results indicate that the light‐magneto‐joint modulation achieves a broadband amplitude‐phase modulation with a higher modulation depth (>2π rad phase shift), as well as an active nonreciprocal spin transmission with magnetic circular dichroism (>20dB) and the Faraday rotation effect (>90°) in InSb, which is more efficient and faster than the traditional thermal excitation. Furthermore, the demonstration in a single‐frequency THz transmission system shows that this light‐magneto‐joint modulation mechanism in InSb can be multifunctionally applied in active control, isolation, and polarization conversion.
FGF9 Recruits β‐Catenin to Increase Hepatic ECM Synthesis and Promote NASH‐Driven HCC
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Qing , Teng Da , Guo Manyu , Tang Kechao , Wang Zhenglin , Wei Xiang , Lin Li , Zhang Xiaomin , Wang Xiuyun , Huang Dake , Ren Cuiping , Yang Qingsong , Zhang Wenjun , Gao Yong , Chen Wei , Chang Yongsheng , Zhang Huabing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMost nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients develop severe fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, which can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is involved in serial types of cancer; however, the specific role of FGF9 in NASH‐driven HCC is not fully understood. This study finds that FGF9 is increased in patients with NASH‐associated HCC. Furthermore, NASH‐driven HCC mice models by feeding wildtype mice with high‐fat/high‐cholesterol (HFHC) diet and low dose carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment is established; and identified that hepatic FGF9 is increased; with severe fibrosis. Additionally, AAV‐mediated knockdown of FGF9 reduced the hepatic tumor burden of NASH‐driven HCC mice models. Hepatocyte‐specific FGF9 transgenic mice (FGF9Alb) fed with a HFHC diet without CCl4 treatment exhibited an increased hepatic ECM and tumor burden. However, XAV‐939 treatment blocked ECM accumulation and NASH‐driven HCC in FGF9Alb mice fed with HFHC diet. Molecular mechanism studies show that FGF9 stimulated the expression of ECM related genes in a β‐catenin dependent manner; and FGF9 exerts its effect on β‐catenin stability via the ERK1/2‐GSK‐3β signaling pathway. In summary, the data provides evidence for the critical role of FGF9 in NASH‐driven HCC pathogenesis; wherein it promotes the tumors formation through the ECM pathway.
Nitrogen fertilization and genotype jointly drive bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) productivity but are not associated with differences in SOC
Authors: Rusch Hannah L. , Mendoza Mahomar Augusto Cesar , Lopez Yolanda , Andrade Mario Henrique Murad Leite , Maltais‐Landry Gabriel , Rios Esteban F. , Wilson Chris H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPastureland contributes a large share of the global soil C stock, much of which derives from root systems. Management practices like fertilization and the introduction of improved forages have clear benefits to aboveground forage production, but their impacts on belowground biomass (BGB) and hence soil C are less clear, especially in relatively understudied subtropical pastures. If fertilization and improved cultivars increase BGB, C sequestration may benefit. However, long‐term soil C stocks, and their associated ecosystem services, may be compromised if these practices sacrifice roots in favor of shoot production. We studied the aboveground and belowground biomass of nine bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) genotypes in response to four escalating NPK fertilization rates and compared the soil C and N stocks among them. As expected, increasing fertilization improved forage accumulation (FA) although gains from additional N diminished at higher fertilization rates. A positive relationship between fertilization and BGB emerged but varied among genotypes. The latter identified potential tradeoffs between aboveground and belowground allocation in newly released and commercial forage varieties, which may affect pasture persistence and contributions to soil organic matter over time. Overall, we found subtle differences in soil organic C/soil organic N stocks among NPK fertilization rates and genotypes, with the strongest signal emerging from C isotopic analysis. Our results suggest that fertilization at the recommended rate and improved genotype selection minimized negative tradeoffs between aboveground and belowground biomass and did not elicit differences in SOC in the top 15 cm but likely contributed to ecosystem disservices as it relates to N losses.
“Upheaval”: Unpacking the dynamic balance between place attachment and social capital in disaster recovery
Authors: Binder Sherri Brokopp , Baker Charlene K. , Ritchie Liesel A. , Barile John P. , Greer Alex 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA growing body of literature demonstrates that both place attachment and social capital play considerable, and likely interdependent, roles in disaster recovery. This paper contributes to our understanding of these constructs by presenting findings from a longitudinal, mixed‐methods study of communities impacted by a home buyout program implemented in New York after Hurricane Sandy (N = 111). Results suggest a dynamic balance between place dependence, place identity, and bonding social capital, in which the relative importance of each construct can shift over time, and where losses in one of these areas may lead to cascading losses in the other areas. For buyout participants, increases in place dependence were associated with increases in bonding social capital, indicating that relocatees either regained both place dependence and bonding social capital in their new homes and communities, or they lost and did not regain both, depending on whether their new home and community met their emotional and functional needs sufficiently. For residents who remained in place, higher levels of place dependence were associated with losses in bonding social capital, reflecting the potential consequences of living in postdisaster limbo. Implications for future buyout research, policy, and practice are discussed.