bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Cold Flow Physics of a Nonpremixed Industrial Gas Burner
Authors: Ortolani A. , Yeadon J. , Ruane B. , Paul M. , Campobasso M. S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The flow field of a nonpremixed industrial gas burner is analyzed with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics validated against velocity and pressure measurements. Combustion is not modeled because the aim is optimizing the predictive capabilities of the cold flow before including chemistry. The system's complex flow physics, affected by a 90 deg turn, backward and forward facing steps, and transversal jets in the mainstream is investigated at full and partial load. The sensitivity of the computed flow field to inflow boundary condition setup, approach for resolving/modeling wall-bounded flows, and turbulence closure is assessed. In the first sensitivity analysis, the inflow boundary condition is prescribed using measured total pressure or measured velocity field. In the second, boundary layers are resolved down to the wall or modeled with wall functions. In the third sensitivity analysis, the turbulence closure uses the k−ω shear stress transport eddy viscosity model or two variants of the Reynolds stress model. The agreement between the predictions of most simulation setups among themselves and with the measurements is good. For a given type of inflow condition and wall flow treatment, the ω-based Reynolds stress model gives the best agreement with measurements among the considered turbulence models at full load. At partial load, the comparison with measured data highlights some scatter in the predictions of different patterns of the flow measurements. Overall, the findings of this study provide insight into the fluid dynamics of industrial gas burners and guidelines for their simulation-based analysis.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Flow Phenomena in Taylor Flow Through a Straight Mini-Channel
Authors: Etminan Amin , Muzychka Yuri S. , Pope Kevin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study experimentally and numerically investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics and heat transfer of developing and fully developed laminar liquid–liquid Taylor flows. The problem is conducted in circular mini-channels with different diameters subjected to a constant wall temperature boundary condition. An experimental setup is designed employing an open-loop water/oil two-phase nonboiling flow at mini-scale tubing sizes of 1.42, 1.52, and 1.65 mm. Two silicone oils with the dynamic viscosities of 1 and 5 cSt at several volumetric flow rates are used to establish segmented flow. The impacts of the channel diameter, viscosity, and flow rate ratio on the flow pattern, pressure drop, film thickness, and heat transfer rate are discussed. In good agreement with the literature, it is found that the pressure drop generated by the interface increases the total pressure loss by up to 200% compared to the single-phase flow. The results also explain how recirculating regions within the slugs influence the film region and the physics of backflow. Furthermore, introducing segmented water slugs significantly enhances the heat transfer rate as the dimensionless thermal length decreases. A significant relation between the recirculating regions and heat transfer has been demonstrated for the first time.
Quasi-Dynamic Approximation of Unsteady Pressure Distribution for Transonic Airfoils in Flutter
Authors: Lepicovsky Jan , Šimurda David , Kielb Robert E. , Šidlof Petr , Štěpán Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA lack of reliable experimental data on transonic blade flutter in real turbomachines hampers the further improvement of computational design predictions for off-design operation regimes of newly-built machines. Acquiring unsteady pressure distribution on blades in real turbomachines already in operation is practically impossible. The goal of this work is to explore if an approximate unsteady pressure distribution can be created experimentally in a simple aerodynamic tunnel by composing a sequence of blade surface steady pressures acquired for gradually varying blade incidence angle offsets. An essential condition for such an approximation is the assumption that the dynamic pressure component induced by the blade motion is substantially smaller than the flow pattern changes caused by the variation of interblade channel geometry. The methodology is proposed for blade sections with prevailing two-dimensional flow. A dedicated test facility, called the blade flutter module (BFM), has been built and used for this purpose. The BFM is a linear cascade consisting of five transonic airfoils that can be operated either in a static or a dynamic regime. For the dynamic operation, any of the blades can be forcedly and independently oscillated at frequencies of up to 400 Hz with a maximum angular amplitude of 3 deg. The obtained results confirm that within the range of the test conditions, the proposed compounded quasi-dynamic approach exhibits similar characteristics to dynamically acquired unsteady blade pressures. This is true for a test range of a maximum inlet Mach number of 1.09, maximum blade oscillating frequency of 100 Hz, and measurement of unsteady pressure distribution on a blade suction surface. The corresponding blade chord based reduced frequency is 0.21.
Use of Convolutional Neural Network Image Classification and High-Speed Ion Probe Data Toward Real-Time Detonation Characterization in a Water-Cooled Rotating Detonation Engine
Authors: Johnson Kristyn B. , Ferguson Donald H. , Nix Andrew C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As rotating detonation engines (RDEs) progress in maturity, the importance of monitoring advancements toward development of active control becomes more critical. Experimental RDE data processing at time scales which satisfy real-time diagnostics will likely require the use of machine learning. This study aims to develop and deploy a novel real-time monitoring technique capable of determining detonation wave number, direction, frequency, and individual wave speeds throughout experimental RDE operational windows. To do so, the diagnostic integrates image classification by a convolutional neural network (CNN) and ionization current signal analysis. Wave mode identification through single-image CNN classification bypasses the need to evaluate sequential images and offers instantaneous identification of the wave mode present in the RDE annulus. Real-time processing speeds are achieved due to low data volumes required by the methodology, namely one short-exposure image and a short window of sensor data to generate each diagnostic output. The diagnostic acquires live data using a modified experimental setup alongside Pylon and PyDAQmx libraries within a python data acquisition environment. Lab-deployed diagnostic results are presented across varying wave modes, operating conditions, and data quality, currently executed at 3–4 Hz with a variety of iteration speed optimization options to be considered as future work. These speeds exceed that of conventional techniques and offer a proven structure for real-time RDE monitoring. The demonstrated ability to analyze detonation wave presence and behavior during RDE operation will certainly play a vital role in the development of RDE active control, necessary for RDE technology maturation toward industrial integration.
Reference centiles for infant sleep parameters from 4 to 16 weeks of age: findings from an Irish cohort
Authors: O Sullivan Marc Paul , Livingstone Vicki , Korotchikova Irina , Dempsey Eugene M , Murray Deirdre M , Boylan Geraldine B 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo establish unconditional reference centiles for sleep parameters in infants 4–16 weeks of age.Design and settingSecondary data analysis of sleep parameters recorded at 4–16 weeks of age in a longitudinal randomised controlled trial (RCT) (BabySMART).PatientsHealthy term infants assigned to the non-intervention arm of the RCT.Main outcome measuresInfants’ sleep duration was recorded by parents/guardians daily, from week 2–16 of age using a sleep diary. Reference centiles for total, daytime, night-time and longest sleep episode duration were estimated using multilevel modelling.ResultsOne hundred and six infants, mean (SD) gestational age of 39.9 (1.2) weeks and mean (SD) birth weight of 3.6 (0.5) kg had sleep recorded contributing 1264 measurements for each sleep parameter. Between 4 and 16 weeks of age total sleep duration in a 24-hour period, night-time sleep duration in a 12-hour period and infant’s longest sleep episode duration increased, while daytime sleep duration in a 12-hour period decreased.ConclusionsReference centiles up to 4 months of age in infants highlight the gradual decrease in daytime sleep and large increases in night-time sleep, which occur in tandem with increasing lengths of sleep episodes. These reference centiles provide useful sleep values for infant sleep trajectory occurring in early life and may be helpful for parents and clinicians.Trial registration numberNCT03381027.
Cyclosporine as an alternative immunosuppressant for steroid-resistant drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome
Authors: Tan Katrina , Testro Adam 
Published: March 2023

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a multiorgan reaction associated with a broad range of commonly used medications. Most cases of DRESS syndrome resolve with cessation of the inciting agent; however, use of systemic immunosuppression, most commonly with oral corticosteroids, is also recommended in cases with visceral organ involvement.We report a case of steroid-resistant relapsing–remitting DRESS syndrome secondary to sulfasalazine. Our patient experienced significant flare of symptoms of DRESS syndrome with multiple attempts to wean prednisolone. Initiation of cyclosporine as an alternative immunosuppressive agent to long-term corticosteroids has resulted in a 6-month remission in both dermatological and hepatic sequelae of DRESS syndrome.
US Food and Drug Administration regulatory reviewer disagreements and postmarket safety actions among new therapeutics
Authors: Eadie Ashley , MacGregor Andrea , Wallach Joshua , Ross Joseph , Herder Matthew 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo examine the association between regulatory reviewer disagreements and postmarket safety actions among novel therapeutics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2011 and 2015. Disagreements among FDA reviewers regarding the recommendation for a novel therapeutic’s approval, its safety, the indicated patient population and/or other parameters of the drug’s approval are common. However, the implications of such disagreements—particularly with respect to postmarket safety actions—are poorly understood.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAll novel therapeutics approved by the FDA between January 2011 and December 2015.ParticipantsNone.Main outcome measuresPostmarket safety actions defined as new label warnings/increased warning severity, FDA safety communications and safety-related therapeutic withdrawals after the original regulatory approval.ResultsAmong 174 novel therapeutics approved by the FDA between 2011 and 2015, 42 (24%) had at least one regulatory reviewer disagreement. Altogether, 156 instances of disagreement were observed. Following market approval, a total of 253 postmarket safety actions were taken by the FDA among all new therapeutics, with at least one postmarket safety action identified for 98 (56.3%) of the 174 novel therapeutic approvals. Overall, therapeutics that were the subject of disagreement during the FDA’s review had fewer safety actions following approval compared with therapeutics in which no disagreement was observed (38.1% vs 62.1%; RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.92; p=0.006). Therapeutic approvals containing at least one reviewer disagreement also more often carried a black box warning at the point of approval (47.7% vs 31.1%; RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.30; p=0.05).ConclusionsThis investigation of regulatory reviewer disagreements and postmarket safety actions among new therapeutics suggests that disagreements among regulatory reviewers may lead to important pre-emptive actions, potentially mitigating the need for postmarket safety actions to be taken.
Integrating contraceptive services into existing perinatal care: protocol for a community-based cluster randomised controlled trial in Shanghai, China
Authors: Jin Longmei , Yin Anxin , Zhang Xiaohua , Jiang Hong , Zhou Lu , Zhou Xiaoyan , Wang Xiurui , Qian Xu 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPostpartum contraception is essential to preventing unintended pregnancies and short interpregnancy intervals. The first year after childbirth is a critical period with a high risk of unintended pregnancy and induced abortion. However, the postpartum contraceptive services are weak in China’s existing maternal and child healthcare system. We propose to evaluate the effects of integrating postpartum contraceptive services into the existing perinatal care system via a cluster randomised controlled trial.Methods and analysisThis cluster randomised controlled trial involves all 13 communities of Minhang District, Shanghai, China. Communities will be randomly allocated, seven in the intervention group and six in the control group. One thousand and three hundred women, 100 women in each community, will be recruited in the study. Women assigned to the intervention group will receive postpartum contraceptive education and counselling during pregnancy, childbirth hospitalisation, postpartum home visits and the 42-day postpartum clinic check-up. Women in the control group will receive routine antenatal and postpartum care. Participants will be recruited in the first trimester during pregnancy and followed up to 1 year postpartum. The primary outcome is the incidence of unintended pregnancy within 1 year after childbirth.Ethics and disseminationThe trial received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Minhang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (#[2020]KS-02, #[2020]KS-05, #[2020]KS-05-EX). Results will be published in academic journals and disseminated in multiple formats for the health professionals and the public.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000034603.
Use of digital technologies by users of psychiatric inpatient services in Berlin, Germany: a cross-sectional patient survey
Authors: Marbin Derin , Gutwinski Stefan , Lech Sonia , Fürstenau Daniel , Kokwaro Linda , Krüger Helena , Schindel Daniel , Schreiter Stefanie 
Published: March 2023

Few studies and almost exclusively from the USA have recently investigated mobile phone and computer use among users of psychiatric services, which is of high relevance regarding the increasing development of digital health applications and services.Objective, design and settingIn a cross-sectional patient survey, we examined (a) rates and purposes of mobile phone, computer, internet and social media use, and (b) the role of social and clinical predictors on rates of utilisation among psychiatric inpatients in Berlin, Germany.Participants and resultsDescriptive analyses showed that among 496 participants, 84.9% owned a mobile phone and 59.3% a smartphone. Among 493 participants, 68.4% used a computer regularly. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed being homeless, diagnosis of a psychotic illness, being of older age and a lower level of education to be significant predictors for not owning a mobile phone, not using a computer regularly or having a social media account, respectively.ConclusionsUsers of psychiatric services may have access to mobile phones and computers, although rates are lower than in the general population. However, key barriers that need to be addressed regarding the development of and engagement with digital health interventions are factors of social exclusion like marginalised housing as well as clinical aspects like psychotic illness.
How can the priorities of older, frail patients and their carers be used to inform policy and practice at the end of life? Insights from qualitative research across multiple settings
Authors: Barker Rhiannon Jane , Wilson Patricia , Butler Claire 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe paper reports on experiences from older patients and their carers of current provision of end-of-life care in England. It draws on data from a study that sought to explore the extent to which national policy for end-of-life care in England was aligned with the aspirations of stakeholders. Specifically, the study explored the balance between clinical healthcare vs social and relational care asking how this was aligned to patient priorities at this time of life. Here, we examine the extent to which the patient voice is attended to when health and social care services are delivered to older people and consider how the experiences of patients and carers could be used to improve outcomes.DesignThe work draws on data collected as part of a realist informed study using a case study approach to gather data.SettingClinical Commissioning Groups were used as the boundaries of the three case studies and within these geographical areas data was collected in hospitals, care homes, hospices and patient homes.ParticipantsThis paper reports on in-depth interviews conducted with 21 patients at the end of life and 22 relatives/carers (n=43).ResultsWhile the medical care patients received was generally praised, it was reported that relational care, particularly in respect to adult social care received at home, was fragmented and of varying quality. Relational and social support were key to the patient and carer experience yet appeared to be hard to access.ConclusionThe work highlights the misalignment between the availability of different types of care at the end of life and patient priorities. More attention should be paid to the voice of older patients and their carers, drawing on their experiences to influence the way policy is translated into practice.
ADVANCE-TBI study protocol: traumatic brain injury outcomes in UK military personnel serving in Afghanistan between 2003 and 2014 – a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Graham Neil S N , Blissitt Grace , Zimmerman Karl , Friedland Daniel , Dumas Marc-Emmanuel , Coady Emma , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik , Escott-Price Valentina , Schofield Susie , Fear Nicola T , Boos Christopher , Bull Anthony M J , Cullinan Paul , Bennett Alexander , Sharp David J 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionOutcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are highly variable, with cognitive and psychiatric problems often present in survivors, including an increased dementia risk in the long term. Military personnel are at an increased occupational risk of TBI, with high rates of complex polytrauma including TBI characterising the UK campaign in Afghanistan. The ArmeD SerVices TrAuma and RehabilitatioN OutComE (ADVANCE)-TBI substudy will describe the patterns, associations and long-term outcomes of TBI in the established ADVANCE cohort.Methods and analysisThe ADVANCE cohort comprises 579 military personnel exposed to major battlefield trauma requiring medical evacuation, and 566 matched military personnel without major trauma. TBI exposure has been captured at baseline using a standardised interview and registry data, and will be refined at first follow-up visit with the Ohio State Method TBI interview (a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke TBI common data element). Participants will undergo blood sampling, MRI and detailed neuropsychological assessment longitudinally as part of their follow-up visits every 3–5 years over a 20-year period. Biomarkers of injury, neuroinflammation and degeneration will be quantified in blood, and polygenic risk scores calculated for neurodegeneration. Age-matched healthy volunteers will be recruited as controls for MRI analyses. We will describe TBI exposure across the cohort, and consider any relationship with advanced biomarkers of injury and clinical outcomes including cognitive performance, neuropsychiatric symptom burden and function. The influence of genotype will be assessed. This research will explore the relationship between military head injury exposure and long-term outcomes, providing insights into underlying disease mechanisms and informing prevention interventions.Ethics and disseminationThe ADVANCE-TBI substudy has received a favourable opinion from the Ministry of Defence Research Ethics Committee (ref: 2126/MODREC/22). Findings will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.
Australian inflammatory bowel disease consensus statements for preconception, pregnancy and breast feeding
Authors: Laube Robyn , Selinger Christian P , Seow Cynthia H , Christensen Britt , Flanagan Emma , Kennedy Debra , Mountifield Reme , Seeho Sean , Shand Antonia , Williams Astrid-Jane , Leong Rupert W 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveBecause pregnancy outcomes tend to be worse in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in those without, we aimed to update consensus statements that guide the clinical management of pregnancy in patients with IBD.DesignA multidisciplinary working group was established to formulate these consensus statements. A modified RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used, consisting of a literature review, online voting, discussion meeting and a second round of voting. The overall agreement among the delegates and appropriateness of the statement are reported.ResultsAgreement was reached for 38/39 statements which provide guidance on management of pregnancy in patients with IBD. Most medications can and should be continued throughout pregnancy, except for methotrexate, allopurinol and new small molecules, such as tofacitinib. Due to limited data, no conclusion was reached on the use of tioguanine during pregnancy. Achieving and maintaining IBD remission before conception and throughout pregnancy is crucial to optimise maternofetal outcomes. This requires a multidisciplinary approach to engage patients, allay anxieties and maximise adherence tomedication. Intestinal ultrasound can be used for disease monitoring during pregnancy, and flexible sigmoidoscopy or MRI where clinically necessary.ConclusionThese consensus statements provide up-to-date, comprehensive recommendations for the management of pregnancy in patients with IBD. This will enable a high standard of care for patients with IBD across all clinical settings.