bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and Weight no Bars for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Priyadarshini Debashree , Sahoo Ipsita , Dash Mrutunjay 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) of the left side may clinically manifest as chronic wheezing or gastrointestinal reflux disease in older children. Misdiagnosis of CDH is common in later age groups.

Case Description:
An 11-year-old boy presented to the outpatient department with a history of intermittent cough for 2 years and acid reflux. He was treated with a case of bronchial asthma and received symptomatic treatment for the same, but he continued to have symptoms without much relief. On examination, he was found obese with no signs of respiratory distress. On auscultation, there were reduced breath sounds in the left inframammary, infra-axillary, and infrascapular region with a normal examination of other systems.

Management:
The chest X-ray was suggestive of heterogeneous opacities engulfing more than half of the left hemithorax in the middle and lower zone of the left lung area with nonvisualization of the left dome of the diaphragm and the presence of abdominal gas shadows in the opacity. Considering the possibilities of diaphragmatic hernia or eventration, high-resolution computed tomography of the thorax was done, and left-sided Bochdalek hernia was confirmed. The child underwent surgical repair uneventfully and was discharged home with no complications.

Conclusion:
An adolescent boy has a late diagnosis of left-sided CDH. Considering the wide spectrum of clinical presentation, a high index of suspicion is crucial for the diagnosis of CDH since it might develop into a life-threatening condition. An excellent prognosis can be achieved with early diagnosis and effective therapy.
Effect of Aromatic Massage on Somatic Problems among a Cohort of Menopausal Women
Authors: Said Nageya E. , Shehata Nabaweya S. , Abd El Haleem Sabah A. 
Published: February 2023

Context: Menopause is a significant event in women's lives. It marks the end of a woman's natural reproductive life; it is usually accompanied by symptoms that affect the women's ability to perform their normal daily activities. Massage is one of the non-pharmacological methods that can help women cope with menopausal symptoms.
Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of aromatic massage on somatic problems among a cohort of menopausal women.
Methods: A comparative quasi-experimental time serial (pre-posttest, study/control) design was used. The study was conducted at outpatient clinics of Ain shams University Maternity Hospital. A purposive sample of 74 menopausal women with menopausal symptoms was recruited in this study and divided randomly into an intervention group (Aromatic massage) and a control group (Massage only). Data were collected through three tools. A structured interviewing questionnaire is divided into three parts: general data, obstetrics, and menstrual history, the Kupperman index (menopausal assessment symptoms tool) to assess somatic menopausal symptoms, and the Visual Analogue Scale to assess the history of menstrual pain degree among menopausal women.
Results: It revealed two matched groups of women with a mean age of 47.83±5.23 vs. 49.05±3.98 in the aromatic and massage-only groups, respectively. The pre/post-intervention results revealed a significant improvement in most somatic menopausal symptoms, decreasing the frequency of hot flushes attacks, paresthesia, vertigo, fatigue, myalgia, headache, heart palpitation, and formication in the aromatherapy massage group post-intervention and in the follow up (p<0.05). The comparison between the aromatic and massage-only groups revealed a significant difference between the two groups with a significantly lower mean score in total menopausal somatic symptoms.
Conclusion: Aromatic massage with lavender, clary sage, jasmine, and rose dissolved in almond oil was effective in easing somatic menopausal symptoms compared to their pre-intervention level and compared to the massage-only group. The study recommended developing counseling programs for women about aromatic massage therapy at gynecological clinics.
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Preventive Behaviors Regarding Osteoporosis among University Students: Scoping Review
Authors: Althobiti Ensherah S. 
Published: February 2023

Context: Osteoporosis is a universally growing health problem. Adequate calcium intake and physical activity, alongside a high level of knowledge and health beliefs, play a crucial role in preventing or delaying diseases.
Aim: This scoping review provides an overview of university students' prevailing knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding osteoporosis.
Methods: CINHAL, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched to cover the period between 2014 to 2019. Twenty-seven articles were selected out of 4078 were retrieved. The following searching terms were used: (osteoporosis knowledge OR osteoporosis awareness) AND osteoporosis beliefs AND (osteoporosis practices OR osteoporosis behaviors OR calcium intake OR physical activity) AND (osteoporosis OR bone mineral density) AND (nursing students OR university students OR undergraduate students OR college-age students OR young adults). Finally, the level of osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, preventive behaviors, the relationship between practices/behaviors and lifestyle with bone health, and the educational intervention's significant/nonsignificant positive effect on the students' osteoporosis knowledge, the prevailed beliefs, and the level of engagement in the osteoporosis preventive behaviors were documented.
Results: Most articles demonstrate that the students' osteoporosis knowledge was insufficient and seriously lacking in osteoporosis's perceived susceptibility and severity. This finding clarified that most students were not adequately engaging in the osteoprotective preventive behaviors (Physical activity ad Ca intake). Also, the finding indicates that following a healthy lifestyle and engaging in osteoprotective behaviors positively affect BMD and vice versa.
Conclusion: The lack of osteoporosis awareness among the university students and the low perception of osteoporosis susceptibility and severity explains why most participants are not engaged in osteoporosis preventive behaviors due to the strong influence of personal beliefs, perceptions, and misconceptions. Therefore, it is important to design educational programs targeting these groups to raise awareness and change their subsequent beliefs.
Validity of Glasgow Coma Scale - Pupil Age Charts in Predicting The Outcome for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mohamed Omnia M. , Mohammad Sahar Y. , Ameen Dalia A. , Abo El-Hoda Ahmed H. 
Published: February 2023

Context: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is considered a cornerstone of neurological assessment to distinguish the prognosis of traumatic brain injury patients.
Aim: This study aimed to examine the validity of the Glasgow coma scale - Pupil Age charts in predicting outcomes for patients with traumatic brain injury.
Methods: Descriptive exploratory research design was utilized to conduct this study at El-Fayoum University Hospitals and EL-Nabawi Mohandas General hospital in the Neurosurgical intensive care unit and neurosurgical inpatients ward. This research included a purposive sample of 100 adult patients with Traumatic Brain Injury using three tools for assessment. They were the patient's profile data form, the Glasgow Coma Scale - Pupil Age Charts, and the Glasgow outcome scale. Criterion validity with its two types of predictive validity and concurrent validity was used to validate GCS-Pupil Age charts.
Results: The study shows that the Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupil Age Chart is valid in predicting outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury patient with the best cut-off value of <10.50, a sensitivity of 91.5%, and a specificity of 98.1%, while the Glasgow Coma Scale with the best cut off value <9.50, sensitivity 87.2%, and specificity of 94.3%. Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupil Age Charts and Computed tomography findings are valid in predicting outcomes following traumatic brain injury.
Conclusion: Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupil Age Charts and computed tomography finding chart are valid in predicting outcomes following traumatic brain injury. The current study recommended developing an educational program for nurses working in intensive care units about GCS and GCS- PA charts to assess traumatic brain injured patients. Besides, encouraging the use of GCS- PA charts in the emergency unit and neurosurgical intensive care unit to predict patient outcomes and plan the care for traumatic brain injury patients. Designing the clinical pathway for traumatic brain-injured patients from admission until discharge considering age, pupil reactivity response, and CT findings.
Health Apps, Genetic Diets, and Superfoods
Authors: Sikka Tina 
Published: February 2023

This book critically examines contemporary health and wellness culture through the lens of personalization, genetification, and functional foods. These developments have had significant impact on the categories of gender, race, and class in light of the increasing adoption of digital health and surveillance technologies like MyFitnessPal, Lifesum, HealthyifyMe, and Fooducate. These three vectors of identity, when analysed in relation to food, diet, health, and technology, reveal significant new ways in which inequality, hierarchy, and injustice become manifest.
In the book, Tina Sikka argues that the corporate-led trends associated with health apps, genetic testing, superfoods, and functional foods have produced a kind of dietary-genomic-functional food industrial complex. She makes the positive case for a prosocial, food secure, and biodiverse health and food culture that is rooted in community action, supported by strong public provisioning of health care, and grounded in principles of food justice and sovereignty.
Factors affecting Exclusive Breast feeding among postnatal Mothers in Gombe Hospital, Butambala district. A Cross-sectional study.
Authors:   , Uwizera Gladys , Kimera Donatus 
Published: February 2023

Background: The study explored factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers in Gombe Hospital, Butambala District. The objectives that guided the study were: to identify socio-economic factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding practices, challenges faced by breastfeeding mothers, and mothers’ knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. Methodology: This study was quantitative; 40 participants were selected using convenience sampling. The study was carried out in Gombe Hospital's young child clinic in January 2021. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: More than half of the mothers did not get help from staff on breastfeeding (72.5%), and 67.5% did not receive any help on positioning and attaching their babies to the breast. Some of the barriers found included the widely-held perception that infants needed water and formula to supplement, concern that breast milk alone does not satisfy the infant, inadequate infant feeding education and support by the health system, and the lack of community-based postnatal support and family influence. Conclusion: Midwives and health workers need to spend more time supporting and educating women about breastfeeding. Recommendations: There is a need for more training, follow-up, and research.
Child Health and Safety of Complementary Food among Households in Adyel Division, Lira District: A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Atim Elizabeth , Atukwase Abel , Bbosa Betty Naziriwo , Kabahenda Margaret 
Published: February 2023

Background Safe complementary food is food that will not cause harm to infants and children when prepared and fed as recommended. Unfortunately, children are frequently suffering from diarrhoea which is not only preventable but is also largely attributed to complementary foods hence this study. Methodology The study was carried out in 2015 in Adyel Division, Lira District among caregiver-child pairs. The children were between the ages of 6 – 23 months. Information collected was about the children’s diarrhoeal patterns, nutritional status, and complementary food safety. Results Analyses of food samples revealed that freshly cooked food was contaminated with fecal coliforms (4.88±1.87 log cfu/g), and the levels of fecal coliforms in stored food increased with prolonged storage period (5.49b±1.86 log cfu/g). Drinking water too was contaminated with E.coli (2.86 logs cfu/ml). Water in storage containers had total coliform counts of up to 3.14 log cfu/ml. In over half of the households (56.7%), the microbial counts in household drinking water containers (4.48E+03cfu E.coli) were more than those found at the respective water sources (4.46E+02cfu E.coli). Water treatment accounted for 25% of the variation (p=0.005) in E.coli counts in drinking water that was found in water storage containers. About 32.5% of the frequency or recurrence of diarrhea episodes in two weeks among children was explained by the presence of fecal coliforms in freshly cooked complementary food (p=0.001). Overall, diarrheal infections (p=0.030), inappropriate child-feeding practices (p=0.048), and poor hand-washing (p=0.011) played a significant role in influencing child health. Conclusion The food safety in this study was compromised by poor complementary food handling practices. Recommendation There is a need to study specific food combinations under more controlled conditions to compare the effect of the different handling practices on the microbial load in the various foods.
Factors contributing to the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Burundi. A cross-sectional study of Prince Louis Gwagasore Clinic and Kamenge Military Hospital.
Authors:   , NIYONZIMA Jean Berchmans 
Published: February 2023

Background: Malaria infection during pregnancy is a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries with significant risk for the pregnant woman and her fetus. It has been reported that in sub-Saharan Africa malaria can cause as many as 10,000 cases of malaria-related deaths in pregnancy per year, usually due to severe maternal anemia. Besides, each year, malaria in pregnancy is responsible for 20% of stillbirths and 11% of all newborn deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors contributing to the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Burundi country. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey design to collect information from three hundred and twenty-six pregnant women from the two hospitals enrolled in the study sample using the systematic sampling technique following obtaining consent to participate and data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using the computer-assisted software statistical; package for social sciences (SPSS)version 20 to generate frequency distribution of responses. Results: Climate change, stagnant water around the house, visits of community health workers, sources of information, health care staff, mosquito net provided, education (nonformal, primary), and employment status (agriculture, civil servant) were the factors contributing the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Burundi. Conclusion: A significant relationship existed between factors contributing to the prevalence of malaria and pregnant women in Burundi, Bujumbura District. This implied that on all these objectives, more efforts are needed to improve the welfare of pregnancy and decrease the prevalence to ensure the protection of the mother and the healthy child. Recommendation: The Ministry of public health could strengthen the IEC to improve the health of pregnant women by using correctly mosquito nets from the first antenatal consultation.
Antibiotic Resistance and Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in Raw Chicken Gizzards from Selected Retailers in Katabi Sub-county, Wakiso District, Uganda. A Cross-sectional study.
Authors:   , Nakkungu Jackline 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Compromised public health structures, poor disease surveillance, antimicrobial resistance, enterotoxin production, poor educational program approaches, and local law enforcement in addition to other factors have led to food-borne illness as a great public health concern and these are commonly under-reported. This study examines raw chicken gizzards. Methodology: Across sectional study was done on the fresh raw chicken gizzards randomly selected from different supermarkets and fresh poultry product outlets which were then transported at 4˚C to the microbiology laboratory for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results: A total of 39 raw chicken gizzards randomly selected from different fresh chicken outlets were used in the study to test for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Findings showed that 10 samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that out of the 10 samples found positive in the Coagulase slide test for staphylococcus aureus, 6/10 (60%) were resistant to Penicillin (P), 9/10 (90%) were resistant to vancomycin(Va), 9/10 (90%) were resistant to Ampicillin(Amp),4/10 (40%) were resistant to Cefoxitin(FOX) and 10/10 (100%) were resistant to Tetracycline(TE). Conclusion and recommendation: This study demonstrated that the Staphylococcus species have entered the food chain. Recommendation As the amounts were low, the pathogen is not likely to cause disease, especially if chicken gizzards are properly prepared before consumption.
Pleural Endometriosis: A Case Study in Mpigi District, Uganda.
Authors:   , Habimana Edson Willy , Bakesiima Ritah 
Published: February 2023

Background: It is estimated that 10% of women of reproductive age have endometriosis where the incidence is noted to be as high as 49% in women with chronic pelvic pain. The most common form of endometriosis is abdominopelvic endometriosis, but there are rare cases where there is the presence of endometrial tissue in the thoracic cavity. Pleural endometriosis is a form of thoracic endometriosis in which the endometrial tissue is found on the pleural membrane. Case presentation: A 29-year-old female came into our hospital presenting with shortness of breath, the feeling of fluids splashing into the right chest, right-sided chest pains, mild non-productive cough. The signs and symptoms were always present monthly at the start of her menses. Results: The chest X-ray findings revealed a right-sided moderate pleural effusion. The cause of this pleural effusion remained idiopathic. However, since her history of presenting complaints was aligned with menstrual periods, a pleural tissue biopsy was done, which revealed endometrial tissue implanted on the pleural membrane. Conclusion: Pleural endometriosis is a rare but existing form of endometriosis with no specific risk factors or signs and symptoms. This explains why many have misdiagnosed it calling it pneumonia. Clinicians are recommended to take a detailed history from patients regardless of how unrelated some complaints may seem. “It seemed unrelated for a pleural effusion with a cough to become a gynecological issue”.
A prospective observational study to assess serial salivary estriol measurements during third trimester of pregnancy as a marker for predicting spontaneous preterm labor in pregnant women
Authors: Karunakaran Lalithambica , Damodaran K. Geetha , N. Sreedevi , K. M. Rajesh 
Published: February 2023

Introduction and Aim: Preterm labor is a matter of concern in developed and developing nations, rural and urban areas as well. In this context a relatively cheaper biochemical marker in a specimen which can be easily collected from pregnant women will be beneficial in rural areas. Hence, in this context salivary estriol was selected for studying its diagnostic potential.

Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in two sittings (1st sitting at 26 to 29 weeks and 2nd after 2-4 weeks of gestation) among pregnant women (n= 206) who attended T.D. Medical College for antenatal check-up. The salivary samples were collected and estriol (E3) assayed by ELISA. The pregnant women were followed up till delivery to know the type, as term (n=194) or preterm (n=12). MedCalc was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Reference interval of increase in salivary E3 over a period of 2 - 4 weeks in pregnant women during 26 – 32 gestational weeks who delivered at term by nonparametric method was 16 to 1468 pg/ml. Gestational period wise reference intervals of salivary estriol at 26- 28, 29 – 30 and 31 to 32 weeks were 74-3227, 119 -3422 and 203-4346 pg/ml respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the increase in salivary estriol among different time intervals (p=0.001). Diagnostic cut off values of single measurements of salivary E3 and increase in salivary estriol between 2-4 weeks were 492, 561 and 159 pg/ml without acceptable diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion: Serial rise in salivary estriol at 2-4 weeks interval can be utilized but not a single measurement to monitor fetoplacental wellbeing. The high NPV of serial rise in salivary estriol (E3) suggests its usefulness to exclude chances for preterm labor.
Reliability of inflammatory markers as predictors of infection in open long bone fractures
Authors: Somayaji Haridas , Shetty Ashwin , Pandikasalayil Visakh , Hegde Anoop 
Published: February 2023

Introduction and Aim: Open fractures are associated complications such as infections, osteomyelitis, non- union. Levels of CRP, ESR and TLC increases during various types of tissue injury. This study aimed at estimating the effect of deranged peri-operative CRP, ESR, in patients with open long bone fractures and to assess them as significant peri-operative markers of postoperative infection.

Methodology: Patients with open long bone fractures during the period Jan 2019 to June 2020 were selected for the study. Serum CRP, ESR and TLC levels were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 3 and 10. Patients were followed up in the ward for 14 days and after 6 weeks for signs of infection. These pre-operative, post-operative data and incidence of infection were estimated.

Results: In the present study 5 out of 32 cases developed infection. In infected cases CRP values were persistently elevated on post-operative day 3 and 10 while in non- infection group it elevated on postoperative day 3 and dropped to lower levels by postoperative day 10. It was statistically significant on preoperative data and on post-operative 10th day data. While the ESR and total WBC count showed no such correlation.

Conclusion: Serial CRP measurements can be considered as a more definitive reliable inflammatory marker as compared to ESR and total white blood cell count, in predicting postoperative infections in open long bone fractures. The elevated serial CRP levels postoperatively and their continued persistence in open fractures is potentially an early screening tool for infection before clinical signs of infection appear.