bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A duty to protect? Legal consciousness among military officers in armed conflict
Authors: HOLEN SINE VORLAND 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMilitary personnel participating in international operations are often deployed to areas where armed groups inflict violence on civilians. In such instances, soldiers must decide how to respond, effectively becoming executors of the law. This article draws on legal consciousness theory and 33 interviews with Norwegian military officers to explore what soldiers perceive as the ‘law’ and how they make sense of legality in determining what constitutes a just response. It finds that officers are conscious of three sources of legality – a mission mandate, a senior commanding officer, and a personal obligation to humanity – which they stand before, engage with, and struggle against, respectively. In actively drawing on these ideas about justice, the officers create and reproduce order in violent contexts. This article adds to theoretical debates about the different ways in which people invoke the law in difficult circumstances. It contributes empirically to an understanding of why authorized militaries behave inconsistently when encountering violence against civilians.
Identifying spastic variant of type II achalasia after treatment with high‐resolution manometry and FLIP Panometry
Authors: Vespa Edoardo , Farina Domenico A. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Kou Wenjun , Low Eric E. , Yadlapati Rena , Pandolfino John E. , Carlson Dustin A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPanesophageal pressurization (PEP) defines type II achalasia on high‐resolution‐manometry (HRM) but some patients exhibit spasm after treatment. The Chicago Classification (CC) v4.0 proposed high PEP values as predictor of embedded spasm, yet supportive evidence is lacking.MethodsFifty seven type II achalasia patients (47 ± 18 years, 54% males) with HRM and LIP Panometry before and after treatment were retrospectively identified. Baseline HRM and FLIP studies were analyzed to identify factors associated with post‐treatment spasm, defined on HRM per CC v4.0.ResultsSeven patients (12%) had spasm following treatment (peroral endoscopic myotomy 47%; pneumatic dilation [PD] 37%; laparoscopic Heller myotomy 16%). At baseline, greater median maximum PEP pressure (MaxPEP) values on HRM (77 vs 55 mmHg, p = 0.045) and spastic‐reactive contractile response pattern on FLIP (43% vs 8%, p = 0.033) were more common in patients with post‐treatment spasm while absent contractile response on FLIP was more common in patients without spasm (14% vs 66%, p = 0.014). The strongest predictor of post‐treatment spasm was the percentage of swallows with MaxPEP ≥70 mmHg (best cut‐off: ≥30%), with AUROC of 0.78. A combination of MaxPEP <70 mmHg and FLIP 60 mL pressure < 40 mmHg identified patients with lower rates of post‐treatment spasm (3% overall, 0% post‐PD) compared to those with values above these thresholds (33% overall, 83% post‐PD).ConclusionsHigh maximum PEP values, high FLIP 60 mL pressures and contractile response pattern on FLIP Panometry prior to treatment identified type II achalasia patients more likely to exhibit post‐treatment spasm. Evaluating these features may guide personalized patient management.
What nurses of color want from nursing philosophers
Authors: Canty Lucinda , Iradukunda Favorite , Valderama‐Wallace Claire , Shasanmi‐Ellis Rebecca O. , Garvey Crystal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScholars of color have been instrumental in advancing nursing knowledge development but find limited spaces where one can authentically share their philosophical perspective. Although there is a call for antiracism in nursing and making way for more diverse and inclusive theories and philosophies, our voices remain at the margins of nursing theory and philosophy. In nursing philosophy, there continues to be a lack of racial diversity in those who are given the platform to share their scholarship. Five nurse scholars of color attended the International Nursing Philosophy Conference in August 2022. We established a collective system of support by sharing our experiences as researchers, scholars, and educators with each other. The theory of emancipatory nursing praxis informed this process. In this dialogue, we reflected on what it is like to present at and attend predominantly white nursing conferences. We shared our experiences of how we exist as nurse scholars, our philosophical views, and our thoughts on how we create spaces where scholars of color can feel welcomed and acknowledged for their contributions to advancing nursing knowledge.
The limits of devolving sustainable development to the local level: The case of the Greenbelt of Fennoscandia initiative
Authors: Florin Ian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article investigates how the framing of nature conservation in terms of sustainable development both enables and constrains participation at the grassroots level. The Green Belt of Fennoscandia, an initiative to develop a transnational ecological network between Finland, Russia and Norway, is used as a case study. A desk study and 40 interviews with participants of two regional working groups from this initiative show how the mobilisation of the concept of sustainability encourages actors in rural areas to become leaders of projects in favour of both nature conservation and economic development. This research also describes how the lack of state engagement and potential conflicts between regional and national levels can discourage these actors to commit to the initiative. This research refines previous work on the reduction of the role of the state in conservation, illustrating the scalar dynamics of sustainable development implementation in a European rural context. It provides material to inform the governance of large‐scale conservation projects, by highlighting how an approach that aims to boost local participation can in fact discourage it, if the reduction of the role of the state is not accompanied by resources, formal rights to democratic representation or/and an acknowledgement of past work.
A multi‐sited analysis of the linguistic landscape of Hong Kong through a center‐periphery approach
Authors: Lam Phoenix W. Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTaking a center‐periphery approach, this study is a rare attempt to present a multi‐sited empirical analysis comparing three physically adjacent and connected sites in a town in Hong Kong to explore the interconnectivity, subjectivity, and dynamicity of the landscape. While all three sites can be considered bilingual or even multilingual spaces with the omnipresence of English, there are noticeable differences in terms of how much English there is, the physical material and semiotic resources through which English is displayed, and in what forms such English exists. In other words, the three sites differ in the degree, texture and creativity of English through the ways in which physical geography, architectural setting and social actors interact.
A Translatable System for Bi-Directional Stimulation and Evoked Response Measurement to Enable Neuronal Network Exploration
Authors: Hageman Kristin , Peterson Erik , Stypulkowski Paul , Corey Robert , Jensen Randy , Billstrom Tina , Netoff Theoden , Stanslaski Scott 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeural stimulation therapies continue to evolve as new technologies are introduced into clinical practice. It has been over a decade since the initial descriptions of fully implantable, bidirectional neural systems, which allowed for concurrent sensing and stimulation, have been published. A major confounding issue in these types of neural recordings is the contamination of the signal of interest with electrical stimulus artifact, which can obscure short latency evoked activity and corrupt spectral analysis of longer duration signals. Approach. Here we describe the design and early preclinical evaluation of a neurostimulator with improved capabilities for sensing, with particular emphasis on managing stimulus artifact. The system was tested in three ovine deep brain stimulation (DBS) subjects, one with a DBS lead targeting the hippocampus, and two with DBS leads targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN). All leads were externalized with percutaneous lead extensions. Main results. Results demonstrate that it was possible to record evoked potentials with a latency of 1–2 ms following stimulation in all subjects with the new system. Recordings from the hippocampal target showed clear short-latency responses exhibiting behavior consistent with evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs). In contrast, recordings from the STN target demonstrated highly resonant activity, dependent upon stimulus frequency, which could persist for 20–30 ms following individual stimuli. Both directional stimulation and directional recordings were evaluated to determine their influence on this evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA). The system was also characterized for sensing in one spinal cord stimulation (SCS) ovine subject and one sacral nerve modulation ovine subject. Significance. The bidirectional stimulation and evoked-response sensing system presented here enables sensing evoked responses elicited from stimulation, empowering continued research to expand the understanding and optimization of DBS therapy. Additionally, the example recordings from other therapy spaces demonstrate the capability of the system across neural stimulation therapies.
Muscle Constitutive Model With a Tangent Modulus Approximation: Ansys Implementation and Verification
Authors: Sampaio de Oliveira Manuel Lucas , Uchida Thomas K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSophisticated muscle material models are required to perform detailed finite element simulations of soft tissue; however, state-of-the-art muscle models are not among the built-in materials in popular commercial finite element software packages. Implementing user-defined muscle material models is challenging for two reasons: deriving the tangent modulus tensor for a material with a complex strain energy function is tedious and programing the algorithm to compute it is error-prone. These challenges hinder widespread use of such models in software that employs implicit, nonlinear, Newton-type finite element methods. We implement a muscle material model in Ansys using an approximation of the tangent modulus, which simplifies its derivation and implementation. Three test models were constructed by revolving a rectangle (RR), a right trapezoid (RTR), and a generic obtuse trapezoid (RTO) around the muscle's centerline. A displacement was applied to one end of each muscle, holding the other end fixed. The results were validated against analogous simulations in FEBio, which uses the same muscle model but with the exact tangent modulus. Overall, good agreement was found between our Ansys and FEBio simulations, though some noticeable discrepancies were observed. For the elements along the muscle's centerline, the root-mean-square-percentage error in the Von Mises stress was 0.00%, 3.03%, and 6.75% for the RR, RTR, and RTO models, respectively; similar errors in longitudinal strain were observed. We provide our Ansys implementation so that others can reproduce and extend our results.
Long-term visual acuity outcomes following cataract surgery in eyes with ocular inflammatory disease
Authors: Gangaputra Sapna , Newcomb Craig , Armour Rebecca , Choi Dongseok , Ying Gui-shuang , Groth Sylvia , Begum Hosne , Fitzgerald Tonetta , Artornsombudh Pichaporn , Daniel Ebenezer , Bhatt Nirali , Foster Stephen , Jabs Douglas , Levy-Clarke Grace , Nussenblatt Robert , Rosenbaum James T , Sen H Nida , Suhler Eric , Thorne Jennifer , Dreger Kurt , Buchanich Jeanine , Kempen John H 
Published: February 2023

PurposeTo evaluate the long-term visual acuity (VA) outcome of cataract surgery in inflammatory eye disease.SettingTertiary care academic centres.DesignMulticentre retrospective cohort study.MethodsA total of 1741 patients with non-infectious inflammatory eye disease (2382 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery while under tertiary uveitis management were included. Standardised chart review was used to gather clinical data. Multivariable logistic regression models with adjustment for intereye correlations were performed to evaluate the prognostic factors for VA outcomes. Main outcome measure was VA after cataract surgery.ResultsUveitic eyes independent of anatomical location showed improved VA from baseline (mean 20/200) to within 3 months (mean 20/63) of cataract surgery and maintained through at least 5 years of follow-up (mean 20/63). Eyes that achieved 20/40 or better VA at 1 year were more likely to have scleritis (OR=1.34, p<0.0001) or anterior uveitis (OR=2.2, p<0.0001), VA 20/50 to 20/80 (OR 4.76 as compared with worse than 20/200, p<0.0001) preoperatively, inactive uveitis (OR=1.49, p=0.03), have undergone phacoemulsification (OR=1.45 as compared with extracapsular cataract extraction, p=0.04) or have had intraocular lens placement (OR=2.13, p=0.01). Adults had better VA immediately after surgery, with only 39% (57/146) paediatric eyes at 20/40 or better at 1 year.ConclusionsOur results suggest that adult and paediatric eyes with uveitis typically have improved VA following cataract surgery and remain stable thereafter for at least 5 years.
Development of a family-community interaction programme in the treatment of women with postpartum depression: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Guo Panpan , Wang Shiguang , Niu Meilan , Yang Huashan , Yun Yi , Zhao Di , Wu Chuqiao , Wang Panpan , Wang Shanshan , Wang Peng , Ma Rui 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionPostpartum depression has great harm and becomes a serious public health problem. Most women stay at home after childbirth, so the support from community and family is particularly important in the treatment of postpartum depression. The cooperation between family and community can effectively improve treatment effect of patients with postpartum depression. It is imperative to conduct a study on the collaboration and interaction among patients, family and community in the treatment of postpartum depression.Methods and analysisThe aim of this study is to determine the experience and demands of patients with postpartum depression, family caregivers and community providers for the interaction, construct an interaction intervention programme bettween family and community and promote the rehabilitation of patients with postpartum depression. From September 2022 to October 2022, this study will select postpartum depression patient families from seven communities in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province in China. The researchers, after training, will conduct semi-structured interview to collect research data. According to the integration results of qualitative research and literature review, the interaction intervention programme will be constructed and revised using the Delphi expert consultation method. Then the participants will be selected to accept the intervention of the interaction programme and evaluated through questionnaires.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Zhengzhou University (ZZUIRB2021-21). The results of this study will contribute to clarify the responsibilities of family subjects and community subjects in the treatment of postpartum depression, more effectively promote the rehabilitation of patients with postpartum depression and reduce the burden of family and society. Moreover, this research will be a profitable exploration at home and abroad. And the findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100045900.
Association of clinical and genetic risk factors with management of dyslipidaemia: analysis of repeated cross-sectional studies in the general population of Lausanne, Switzerland
Authors: Chekanova Valeriya , Abolhassani Nazanin , Vaucher Julien , Marques-Vidal Pedro 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the importance of clinical and genetic factors in management of dyslipidaemia in the general population.DesignRepeated cross-sectional studies (2003–2006; 2009–2012 and 2014–2017) from a population-based cohort.SettingSingle centre in Lausanne, Switzerland.Participants617 (42.6% women, mean±SD: 61.6±8.5 years), 844 (48.5% women, 64.5±8.8 years) and 798 (50.3% women, 68.1±9.2) participants of the baseline, first and second follow-ups receiving any type of lipid-lowering drug. Participants were excluded if they had missing information regarding lipid levels, covariates or genetic data.Primary and secondary outcome measuresManagement of dyslipidaemia was assessed according to European or Swiss guidelines. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) for lipid levels were computed based on the existing literature.ResultsPrevalence of adequately controlled dyslipidaemia was 52%, 45% and 46% at baseline, first and second follow-ups, respectively. On multivariable analysis, when compared with intermediate or low-risk individuals, participants at very high cardiovascular risk had an OR for dyslipidaemia control of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.18), 0.12 (0.08 to 0.19) and 0.38 (0.25 to 0.59) at baseline, first and second follow-ups, respectively. Use of newer generation or higher potency statins was associated with better control: OR of 1.90 (1.18 to 3.05) and 3.62 (1.65 to 7.92) for second and third generations compared with first in the first follow-up, with the corresponding values in the second follow-up being 1.90 (1.08 to 3.36) and 2.18 (1.05 to 4.51). No differences in GRSs were found between controlled and inadequately controlled subjects. Similar findings were obtained using Swiss guidelines.ConclusionManagement of dyslipidaemia is suboptimal in Switzerland. The effectiveness of high potency statins is hampered by low posology. The use of GRSs in the management of dyslipidaemia is not recommended.
Association between attending cultural events and all-cause mortality: a longitudinal study with three measurements (1982–2017)
Authors: Bygren Lars Olov , Jansåker Filip , Sundquist Kristina , Johansson Sven-Erik 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesTo examine the association between cultural attendance and all-cause mortality.DesignA longitudinal cohort study over 36 years (1982–2017) with three 8-year interval measurements of exposure (1982/1983, 1990/1991 and 1998/1999) to cultural attendance and a follow-up period to 31 December 2017.SettingSweden.ParticipantsThe study included 3311 randomly selected individuals from the Swedish population with complete data for all three measurements.Primary outcome measurementsAll-cause mortality during the study period in relation to level of cultural attendance. Cox regression models with time-varying covariates were used to estimate HRs adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThe HRs of cultural attendance in the lowest and middle levels compared with the highest level (reference; HR=1) were 1.63 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.00) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.51), respectively.ConclusionAttending cultural events has a suggested gradient, the lesser cultural exposure the higher all-cause mortality during the follow-up.
Configurations and outcomes of acute hospital care for frail and older patients with moderate to major trauma: a systematic review
Authors: Halter Mary , Jarman Heather , Moss Phil , Kulnik Stefan Tino , Baramova Desislava , Gavalova Lucia , Cole Elaine , Crouch Robert , Baxter Mark 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo systematically review research on acute hospital care for frail or older adults experiencing moderate to major trauma.SettingElectronic databases (Medline, Embase, ASSIA, CINAHL Plus, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, EconLit, The Cochrane Library) were searched using index and key words, and reference lists and related articles hand-searched.Included articlesPeer-reviewed articles of any study design, published in English, 1999–2020 inclusive, referring to models of care for frail and/or older people in the acute hospital phase of care following traumatic injury defined as either moderate or major (mean or median Injury Severity Score ≥9). Excluded articles reported no empirical findings, were abstracts or literature reviews, or referred to frailty screening alone.MethodsScreening abstracts and full text, and completing data extractions and quality assessments using QualSyst was a blinded parallel process. A narrative synthesis, grouped by intervention type, was undertaken.Outcome measuresAny outcomes reported for patients, staff or care system.Results17 603 references were identified and 518 read in full; 22 were included—frailty and major trauma (n=0), frailty and moderate trauma (n=1), older people and major trauma (n=8), moderate or major trauma (n=7) 0r moderate trauma (n=6) . Studies were observational, heterogeneous in intervention and with variable methodological quality.Specific attention given to the care of older and/or frail people with moderate to major trauma in the North American context resulted in improvements to in-hospital processes and clinical outcomes, but highlights a relative paucity of evidence, particularly in relation to the first 48 hours post-injury.ConclusionsThis systematic review supports the need for, and further research into an intervention to address the care of frail and/or older patients with major trauma, and for the careful definition of age and frailty in relation to moderate or major trauma.International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO)CRD42016032895.
Infrapyloric (No. 206) and greater curvature (No. 204) lymph node metastasis in adenocarcinoma located in the right half of the transverse colon (InCLART Study): protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study
Authors: Yalikun Abudushalamu , Cai Zhenghao , Hong Hi-Ju , Dai Kefan , Li Shuchun , Kwan Wingyan , Ma Junjun , Feng Bo , Lu Aiguo , Zheng Minhua , Zang Lu 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionIn the case of right-sided transverse colon cancer (RTCC) and hepatic flexure colon cancer (HFCC), there is a potential connection of lymph drainage between mesentery and greater omentum. However, most previous reports have been limited case series with No. 206 and No. 204 lymph node (LN) dissection for RTCC and HFCC.Methods and analysisThe InCLART Study is a prospective observational study aiming to enrol 427 patients with RTCC and HFCC treated at 21 high-volume institutions in China. The prevalence of infrapyloric (No. 206) and greater curvature (No. 204) LN metastasis and short-term outcomes will be investigated in a consecutive series of patients with T2 or deeper invasion RTCC or HFCC, following the principle of complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation. Primary endpoints were performed to identify the prevalence of No. 206 and No. 204 LN metastasis. Secondary analyses will be used to estimate prognostic outcomes, intraoperative and postoperative complications, the consistency of preoperative evaluation and postoperative pathological results of LN metastasis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been granted by the Ruijin Hospital Ethics Committee (approval number: 2019-081) and has been or will be approved successively by each participating centre’s Research Ethics Board. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03936530;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03936530).