bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful Early Neovascularization in Composite Tracheal Grafts
Authors: Nyirjesy Sarah C. , Yu Jane , Dharmadhikari Sayali , Liu Lumei , Bergman Maxwell , Tan Zheng Hong , VanKoevering Kyle K. , Chiang Tendy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveLong‐segment tracheal defects require tissue replacement for successful reconstruction. Rapid revascularization is imperative to maintain graft function. We previously showed that partially decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTG) and composite tracheal grafts (CTG; PDTG supported by a 3‐dimensionally printed external splint) regenerate respiratory epithelium and may support the regeneration of endothelial cells (CD31+). However, the capability of graft endothelial cells to organize or contribute to tracheal revascularization remains unclear. In this study, we quantified endothelial cells (CD31+) and neovessel formation in PDTG and CTG. We hypothesize that PDTG and CTG support tracheal neovascularization to a similar extent as surgical (syngeneic tracheal graft [STG]) and native trachea (NT) controls.Study DesignThe animal study, a randomized control trial.SettingCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital.MethodsPDTG was created via an established decellularization protocol. Segmental tracheal reconstruction was performed with STG, PDTG, or CTG using a mouse microsurgical model. NT was used as a nonsurgical control. At 1 month, mice were euthanized, grafts harvested, sectioned, and stained with CD31 and hematoxylin and eosin. Neovessel formation was quantified by the number of formed blood vessels in the lamina propria and vessel size (vessel/graft area, mm2).ResultsDecellularization eliminated all endothelial cells and there were no perfused vessels at implantation. At 1 month, PDTG and CTG supported neovessel formation with tubular vessels lined with endothelial cells. There was no difference in the number or size of vessels compared to controls.ConclusionPDTG and CTG support tracheal endothelial cell regeneration and neovessel formation. Future directions to assess the function, kinetics, and distribution of graft neovessels are needed.
Prevalence of genetic causes of obesity in clinical practice
Authors: Tamaroff Jaclyn , Williamson Dylan , Slaughter James C. , Xu Meng , Srivastava Gitanjali , Shoemaker Ashley H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile obesity is common in the United States, monogenic obesity is rare, accounting for approximately 5% of individuals with obesity. New targeted therapies for genetic forms of obesity are available but there is limited guidance on who requires testing. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of potentially clinically significant variants among individuals in Pediatric Endocrinology or Medical Weight Center clinics at a single center and to identify clinical characteristics that may make genetic obesity more likely.MethodsChildren and adults who had a genetic test for obesity, Uncovering Rare Obesity Gene panel, ordered during routine clinic visits from December 2019 to March 2021 were identified.ResultsOf the 139 patients with testing ordered, 117 had available results and clinical data. Over 40% (52/117, 44%) had at least one positive result (variant) with a variant that is considered pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or a variant of uncertain significance. No association was detected between age, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI) or BMI z‐score with a variant. Twenty‐six individuals (22%) had one or more variants in genes associated with Bardet Biedl Syndrome, and 8 (6.8%) of them had pathogenic variants, higher than expected.ConclusionOverall, clinical suspicion for genetic obesity is important in determining who requires genetic testing but no clinical factors were found to predict results. While obesity is multifactorial, novel medications for genetic forms of obesity indicate the need for evidence‐based guidelines for who requires genetic testing for obesity.
A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of the Pediatric Opioid Analgesia Self‐Instruction System (PedOASIS) tool on pediatric hematology/oncology trainee education
Authors: MacDonell‐Yilmaz Rebecca E. , Murillo Anarina , Welch Jennifer G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany children with hematologic and oncologic diagnoses require opioids for management of pain, yet knowledge gaps persist among pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) fellows.ObjectivePediatric Opioid Analgesia Self‐Instruction System (PedOASIS) is an interactive, case‐based education tool designed for independent learning. The goal of this study was to evaluate its efficacy in increasing PHO fellows’ knowledge and comfort with using opioids to manage pain.Design/methodPHO fellows were recruited from 74 American College of Graduate Medical Education‐accredited US programs during the 2019–2020 academic year and randomized to receive access to PedOASIS (intervention) or usual PHO training (control). Surveys at baseline, immediately after accessing the tool, and 6 months later assessed knowledge and comfort related to prescribing opioids.ResultsA total of 64 PHO fellows completed the study, with 32 in the intervention group and 32 controls. At baseline, mean scores on the 10‐question knowledge assessment were similar between groups (intervention: 5, control: 6; p = .8). Following intervention, mean score was significantly higher in the intervention group (9) versus controls (5; p < .0001). Six months later, scores in both groups decreased but remained significantly higher in the intervention group (7) compared to controls (5, p < .0001) and compared to baseline (p = .0002). Fellows in the intervention group reported significant increases in comfort dosing opioids after exposure to the tool (p = .02).ConclusionPHO fellows exposed to the tool had improved scores on validated knowledge questions and greater comfort using opioids for pain management compared to controls. We therefore suggest that PedOASIS warrants further evaluation as a potential tool for PHO fellows.
Closed‐loop recycling of additive manufacturing waste for value‐added automotive foam applications
Authors: Andre Thomas , Couvreur Rachel , Tamrakar Sandeep , Mielewski Deborah , Kiziltas Alper 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foams are used in various automotive applications due to their low cost and weight and highly tunable mechanical and physical properties. This article explores the effect of adding recycled thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and recycled thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) powder collected from 3D printing waste as filler material on thermal stability and mechanical, physical, and sound absorption properties of flexible PU foam. The incorporation of TPE powder at low filler content, 2.5 wt%, increased the compression modulus by over 140%, tear resistance by over 25%, and Young's Modulus by 50% compared to the control. The addition of 2.5 wt% TPU powder increased the compression modulus by 61%, tear resistance by 31%, and Young's Modulus by 84%. The addition of TPU powder at 2.5 wt% showed improvement in sound absorption of plane waves (up to 20% at 2500 Hz) for a frequency range of 50–3500 Hz. Adding an additive manufacturing waste stream into PU foam as a filler reduced waste to landfill and created a superior foam product. This article exemplifies the benefits of creating a closed‐loop plastic industry to improve polymer materials and protect the earth.
Prediction of students' COVID‐19 resilience: An artificial neural network based on gender, age, stress intensity, and mindfulness variables
Authors: Nursalim Mochamad , Saroinsong Wulan P. , Boonroungrut Chinun , Wagino  , Costa Augusto da 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe global health emergency, COVID‐19, significantly influenced schooling in Indonesia. Students employed a variety of coping mechanisms to cope with unusual stress levels during confinement time. Hence, as students' COVID‐19 resilience, investigation, and prevention were required for high and chronic stress connected with various disorders. This study aimed to design a predictive model of students' COVID‐19 resilience based on artificial intelligence that included certain demographic variables, stress intensity, and mindfulness and to study the relationship between them. A total of 6580 Indonesian students were involved in this study (57.9% female and 70.3% aged between 13 and 15 years old). The prediction model was performed by the architecture of artificial neural networks. The results showed that the model's predictive capacity was over 63% in the testing phase, then reached almost 65% in the holdout phase. Students' COVID‐19 resilience was mainly predicted by stress intensity and mindfulness with 100% and 40.9% normalized importance values, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve assessed and remarked the model as more superior than random. Our research gave some insight into the use of artificial intelligence in educational research to predict psychological variables.
Synthesis and chemical properties of π‐conjugated polyphenylenes bearing o‐diaminobenzene and cis‐platin units
Authors: Yamaguchi Isao , Miyagi Kazunobu , Wang Aohan 
Published: April 2023

Abstractπ‐Conjugated polyphenylenes (PPs) consisting of 2,3‐diaminobenzene‐1,4‐diyl and 9,9‐bis(hexaethylene glycol monomethyl ether)fluorene‐2,7‐diyl (polymer‐1) or 9,9‐bis(6‐N,N,N‐trimethylammoniumhexyl bromide)fluorene‐2,7‐diyl (polymer‐2) units were synthesized via the Suzuki−Miyaura polycondensation. The reactions of polymers 1 and 2 with K2PtCl4 yielded the corresponding PPs polymer‐1(Pt) and polymer‐2(Pt), respectively, bearing cis‐platin skeletons. GPC measurements revealed that the Mn values of polymers 1 and 2 were 21,500 and 4800 and Mw values were 30,600 and 5200, respectively. Polymers 1(Pt) and 2(Pt) exhibited photoluminescence (PL) in solution, whose quantum yields of PL were improved compared to those of polymers 1 and 2. The emission wavelength of polymer‐1 in solution shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing solvent dielectric constants. The solvatochromic behavior of the polymer was investigated by the Lippert−Mataga method using the PL data. Cyclic voltammetry analysis indicated that the amino groups of polymers 1 and 2 underwent electrochemical oxidation in a two‐step process, and the Pt metal centers of polymers 1(Pt) and 2(Pt) were redox active.
Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in adults treated with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
Authors: Baroud Evelyne , Chaudhary Nivedita , Georgiopoulos Anna M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionReports of neuropsychiatric symptoms proximal to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator initiation are emerging, but their prevalence and management remain poorly characterized.MethodsRetrospective chart review was used to categorize symptom trajectories of all adults at a single CF Center who initiated elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) before March 2022 and subsequently had ≥1 outpatient visit with the consulting CF psychiatrist. For those who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms probably related to ETI and modified treatment in response, the strategy resulting in greatest improvement with acceptable physical course and tolerability was identified. Ratings were made by a psychiatrist not involved in clinical care.ResultsOf 148 adults initiating ETI, 31 were psychiatrically evaluated, 16 of whom developed new/worsening and unexpected neuropsychiatric symptoms probably related to ETI, including neurocognitive (word finding, brain fog, memory, attention/concentration), insomnia, depression, anxiety, fatigue/low energy, mania/hypomania, other distress. This group had higher maximum lifetime Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 scores (14.42 ± 0.96; p = 0.05) than those with improved, unchanged, or worsening/possibly related symptoms (N = 15; 9.9 ± 1.82). Treatment strategies resulting in much/very much improvement included pharmacologic interventions, psychotherapy, and dose reduction/discontinuing ETI.ConclusionsAlthough many people initiating ETI experience improved physical and mental health and quality of life, a subset report worsening neurocognition, mood, and anxiety. As novel therapies are developed, ascertaining and evaluating neuropsychiatric symptoms in clinical and research settings is advisable. Larger studies are needed to characterize prevalence, course, and risk factors (e.g., age, gender, clinical status, pharmacokinetics/pharmacogenomics, drug−drug interactions) for neuropsychiatric adverse events related to CFTR modulators and guide effective management.
Seal materials in flexible plastic food packaging: A review
Authors: Bamps Bram , Buntinx Mieke , Peeters Roos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFlexible packaging has many advantages in the food industry, arising from low weight, formability, multilayer complexity and cost. Heat sealing is a very efficient technique to close flexible food packaging. Currently, many thermoplastic materials are used in seal layers. A seal can be formed when these materials are heated and brought into contact; thereafter, polymer chains diffuse across the seal interface and entangle. Hydrogen bonds, polar and ionic interactions are molecular forces that can come into play, depending on the thermoplastic materials that are used in the seal layer. Bonds between identical polymers, referred to as autohesion, are formed in pouch applications (e.g., horizontal and vertical form‐fill‐seal packages). In lidding applications, the flexible film is sealed to a rigid cup, tray or bottle, whereby bonds can be formed between non‐identical polymers because the materials are often provided by different suppliers. All heat seal technologies imply heating of seal layers but differ in the heating principle. In the food industry and in most scientific seal studies, the seals of mono‐ and multilayered packaging are mainly formed by conductive heating. Recently, the use of emerging technologies, such as ultrasonic and laser heating, is increasingly described in recent papers. Applied seals are characterized by strength after a specified cooling time. Immediately after heating, this strength is referred to as hot tack. A good seal performance is crucial to guarantee food safety and quality. Besides strength, tightness is important to prevent food degradation, caused by microorganisms and external gases, and to keep aromatic gases inside the package. This review aims to give a literature overview that can support stakeholders in the food industry to improve and optimize the material selection in flexible packaging, in order to obtain seals with desired tightness and strength. Heat seal studies on materials and seal technology of flexible food packaging, such as pouches and lidding films, are considered. Scientific data are categorized from a materials' perspective, based on chemical structure, which is revealed by chemical and thermal analysis. A majority of the seal studies is categorized in a first section on polyolefins as seal layers. The following sections describe the seal functionality of (i) ethylene copolymers, such as ionomers; and (ii) polyesters, such as poly (ethylene terephthalate), pol (lactic acid) and poly (butylene succinate). The role of plasticizers, fillers and other additives in the seal performance is also described. Finally, material properties, such as chain length and melting temperature (Tm), as underlying causes of seal performance, are summarized.
A near‐optimal CUSUM‐CV chart
Authors: Haq Abdul , Khoo Michael B. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMonitoring of the process coefficient of variation (CV) with one‐sided CUSUM charts has been considered in the literature. In this short note, we develop a near‐optimal one‐sided CUSUM chart (with an explicit mathematical expression of the reference parameter) for detecting either increases or decreases in the CV of a normally distributed process. It is shown that the run‐length profiles of the existing and proposed one‐sided CUSUM‐CV charts (despite the fact that both charts possess different control‐charting structures) approximately remain the same. However, the proposed one‐sided CUSUM‐CV charts can be easily optimized when detecting a specific upward or downward shift in the in‐control process CV.
Simultaneous hypothesis testing for multiple competing risks in comparative clinical trials
Authors: Wen Jiyang , Wang Mei‐Cheng , Hu Chen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCompeting risks data are commonly encountered in randomized clinical trials or observational studies. Ignoring competing risks in survival analysis leads to biased risk estimates and improper conclusions. Often, one of the competing events is of primary interest and the rest competing events are handled as nuisances. These approaches can be inadequate when multiple competing events have important clinical interpretations and thus of equal interest. For example, in COVID‐19 in‐patient treatment trials, the outcomes of COVID‐19 related hospitalization are either death or discharge from hospital, which have completely different clinical implications and are of equal interest, especially during the pandemic. In this paper we develop nonparametric estimation and simultaneous inferential methods for multiple cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) and corresponding restricted mean times. Based on Monte Carlo simulations and a data analysis of COVID‐19 in‐patient treatment clinical trial, we demonstrate that the proposed method provides global insights of the treatment effects across multiple endpoints.
Influence of resilience on perceived stress and depression among Taiwanese army military personnel
Authors: Chao En , Chen Sy‐Jou , Hong Yu‐Chia , Chiang Hui‐Hsun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResilience has been reported to attenuate psychological burden and promote mental health. Military personnel constitute a population with a high psychological burden and poor sleep quality and are thus at a high risk of depression. This study is aim to examine the mechanism underlying the effects of resilience on perceived stress, sleep quality, and depression among Taiwanese army military personnel. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted between May 2020 and February 2021. Participants comprised 1505 voluntary army military service personnel aged 20 years or older; they completed self‐reported questionnaires measuring their perceived stress, resilience, sleep quality, and depression. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that the association between resilience and depression was partially mediated by perceived stress and sleep quality. Perceived stress is a significant mediator on the association between resilience and depression. A high level of sleep disturbance was observed in this population and results found that sleep quality showed a slight partial mediation effect on the association between resilience and depression. Resilience can alleviate the effects of stress, which in turn alleviates depression among military personnel. Promoting resilience‐enhancing education and mitigating environmental barriers to sleep is essential for reducing depressive symptoms among military personnel.
Bioactive Injectable and Self‐Healing Hydrogel Via Cell‐Free Fat Extract for Endometrial Regeneration
Authors: Xu Bufang , Zhou Mingjuan , Liu Mengyu , Wang Zhen , Duan Jingru , Li Wenzhu , Cui Wenguo , Zhang Aijun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe damaged endometrium and the formation of fibrosis are key barriers to pregnancy and further lead to infertility. However, how to promote endometrium repair is always a challenge. Here, a bioactive injectable and self‐healing hydrogel is developed by physically combination of thiolated polyethylene (PEG), Cu2+ and cell‐free fat extract (CEFFE, CF) for endometrial regeneration and fertility. By inheriting the advantages of various active proteins contained in CEFFE, it could induce the overall repair of endometrial microenvironment for intrauterine adhesion (IUA). In vitro, CF@Cu‐PEG reduces endometrial cell apoptosis by more than 50%, and increases angiogenesis by 92.8%. In the IUA mouse, injection of CF@Cu‐PEG significantly reduces the rate of uterine hydrometra and prevents the formation of endometrial fibrosis. Remarkably, CF@Cu‐PEG contributes to the repair of endometrial microstructure, especially increases the number of endometrial pinopodes, significantly improves endometrial receptivity, and increases the pregnancy rate of IUA mice from 7.14% to 66.67%. In summary, through the physically combination of CEFFE and Cu‐PEG, the construction of loaded bioactive injectable hydrogel not only inhibits the IUA, but also induces the self‐repair of endometrial cells in situ and improves fertility, providing a new strategy for IUA repair in clinical application.
Engineering the Au‐Cu2O Crystalline Interfaces for Structural and Catalytic Integration
Authors: Xu Wenjia , Xiao Ruixue , An Senyuan , Li Chao , Ding Jie , Chen Hongyu , Yang Hong Bin , Feng Yuhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrecise structural control has attracted tremendous interest in pursuit of the tailoring of physical properties. Here, this work shows that through strong ligand‐mediated interfacial energy control, Au‐Cu2O dumbbell structures where both the Au nanorod (AuNR) and the partially encapsulating Cu2O domains are highly crystalline. The synthetic advance allows physical separation of the Au and Cu2O domains, in addition to the use of long nanorods with tunable absorption wavelength, and the crystalline Cu2O domain with well‐defined facets. The interplay of plasmon and Schottky effects boosts the photocatalytic performance in the model photodegradation of methyl orange, showing superior catalytic efficiency than the AuNR@Cu2O core–shell structures. In addition, compared to the typical core–shell structures, the AuNR‐Cu2O dumbbells can effectively electrochemically catalyze the CO2 to C2+ products (ethanol and ethylene) via a cascade reaction pathway. The excellent dual function of both photo‐ and electrocatalysis can be attributed to the fine physical separation of the crystalline Au and Cu2O domains.
Low Dimensional, Metal‐Free, Hydrazinium Halide Perovskite‐Related Single Crystals and Their Use as X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Song Xin , Cohen Hagai , Yin Jun , Li Haojin , Wang Jiayi , Yuan Youyou , Huang Renwu , Cui Qingyue , Ma Chuang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Hodes Gary , Zhao Kui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal‐free halide perovskites (MFHaPs) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their desirable properties, such as low toxicity, light weight, chemical versatility, and potential for optoelectronics. MFHaPs with the formula A2+B+X−3 (where A is a large organic divalent cation, B+ is typically NH4+, and X is a halide) have been studied extensively, but few studies have examined alternative cations at the B position. This paper reports the synthesis of three MFHaP‐related single crystals, DABCO‐N2H5‐X3 (DABCO = N‐N‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium, X = Br and I) and (DABCO)3‐N2H5(NH4)2Cl9, which feature hydrazinium (N2H5) at the B position. The crystals have a perovskite‐like, one‐dimensional, edge‐connected structure and exhibit optical and band structure properties. The crystals were then tested as X‐ray detectors, where they showed excellent photoresponsivity, stability, and low background noise, owing to the large semi‐gap that dictates long lifetimes. The detectors exhibited sensitivity as high as 1143 ± 10 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 2.68 µGy s−1 at 10 V. The researchers suggest that the stronger hydrogen bonding in N2H5+ compounds compared to NH4+ MFHaPs may contribute to the detectors’ enhanced stability.