bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of dicamba and 2,4-D residues in Palmer amaranth and soybean
Authors: Zaccaro-Gruener Maria Leticia , Norsworthy Jason K. , Piveta Leonard B. , Barber L. Tom , Mauromoustakos Andy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOff-target movement of 2,4-D and dicamba is sometimes to blame as the cause of symptoms observed in weeds growing in production fields. Pesticide regulatory authorities routinely sample tissues of weeds or crops from fields under investigation for potential illegal use of auxin herbicides. This research aimed to determine if analytical tests of herbicide residue on soybean or Palmer amaranth vegetation treated with dicamba or 2,4-D could be used to differentiate between rates applied and how the residue levels decay over a 1-mo interval. Four rates of each herbicide (1X, 0.1X, 0.01X, and 0.001X) were applied, with a 1X rate of dicamba and 2,4-D assumed to be 560 and 1,065 g ae ha−1, respectively. Experiments included dicamba- and 2,4-D-resistant soybean (Xtend® and Enlist® traits, respectively) and Palmer amaranth categorized by size (8 to 15 cm, 20 to 30 cm, and 35 to 50 cm in height). Analytical results show that herbicide residues were detected above detection limits of 0.04 µg g−1 for dicamba and 0.004 µg g−1 for 2,4-D, respectively, particularly for samples treated with a 1X and 0.1X rate of dicamba or 2,4-D. Nondetections were frequent, even as early as 2 to 3 d after treatment (DAT), with 0.01X and 0.001X rates of 2,4-D or dicamba. Residues declined rapidly on Xtend® soybean treated with dicamba and on Enlist® soybean treated with 2,4-D. The severity of auxin symptomology generally agreed with the ability to detect dicamba or 2,4-D residue in plant tissue for Palmer amaranth, whereas for soybean, this was not always the case. Hence detecting dicamba or 2,4-D residues in both Palmer amaranth and soybean vegetation, along with visible symptoms on both plants during investigations, would generally indicate an earlier direct application of the auxin herbicide rather than off-target movement being the cause of detection.
Erosion and Transport of Dry Soil Bed by Collisional Granular Flow: Insights From a Combined Experimental–Numerical Investigation
Authors: Jiang Yupeng , Song Pengjia , Choi Clarence E. , Choo Jinhyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCollision‐induced stresses on soil beds under granular geophysical flows have been demonstrated to be highly erosive. However, it remains mostly elusive as to how a collisional granular flow erodes and transports soil bed material. This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical investigation into the mechanisms underlying collision‐induced erosion and transport of dry soil beds. A series of flume experiments are conducted where collisional granular flows erode dry sand beds under varied conditions. The experiments are then back‐analyzed using a hybrid continuum–discrete simulator to gain physical insight into the erosion and transport processes. Results show that the key mechanism of collision‐induced erosion and transport is the retexturing of the soil bed surface. This implies that bed morphology, which has often been overlooked in mobility and hazard assessments, has profound effects on erosion and transport potential. Further, contrary to most existing models that assume all the eroded bed volume is carried away by granular flow, it is found that only up to 80% of the eroded material is transported. Also found is that the collisional stresses of the monodisperse grains in this study follow the Pareto distribution in which 80% of differences in the outcomes are due to 20% of causes. This finding suggests that there is measurable certainness in a seemingly random process of coarse grain collisions with an erodible soil bed.
40Ar/39Ar Age Constraints on MIS 5.5 and MIS 5.3 Paleo‐Sea Levels: Implications for Global Sea Levels and Ice‐Volume Estimates
Authors: Marra F. , Florindo F. , Gaeta M. , Jicha B. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe integrate 10 new with five published 40Ar/39Ar age determinations, both on primary volcanic deposits and on detrital sanidine, which provide precise geochronologic control on the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5.5 and MIS 5.3 sea‐level indicators that occur at three coastal caves in a tectonically stable region of the central Tyrrhenian Sea of Italy. The age of a Strombus‐bearing bioclastic conglomerate, associated with a tidal notch occurring at 9.5 m a.s.l. at Cape Circeo, is constrained to between 121.5 ± 5.8 and 116.2 ± 1.2 ka. Moreover, backbeach deposits intercalated in the sedimentary filling of Guattari and Capre coastal caves are directly correlated with a tidal notch at ∼2.5 m associated with another bioclastic conglomerate at Cape Circeo and dated to 110.4 ± 1.4–104.9 ± 0.9 ka. The latter deposit is also correlated with the adjacent marine terrace, occurring at 3–5 m on the coast between Capes Circeo and Anzio, for which a maximum age of 100.7 ± 6.6 ka was previously reported. These data provide evidence for a maximum sea level around 9.5 m above the present sea level and a duration of MIS 5.5 highstand until 116 ka, in agreement with estimates from other regions in the world. In contrast, they suggest a maximum sea level during MIS 5.3 highstand that is similar to the present level, and only ∼7 m lower than the MIS 5.5 highstand, challenging the reconstructions of the MIS 5 ice‐sheet volumes and derived global sea levels that are based on benthic oxygen isotope records.
Exploring the crosstalk between endothelial cells, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment: new insights and therapeutic implications
Authors: Fang Jianwen , Lu Yue , Zheng Jingyan , Jiang Xiaocong , Shen Haixing , Shang Xi , Lu Yuexin , Fu Peifen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly intricate milieu, comprising a multitude of components, including immune cells and stromal cells, that exert a profound influence on tumor initiation and progression. Within the TME, angiogenesis is predominantly orchestrated by endothelial cells (ECs), which foster the proliferation and metastasis of malignant cells. The interplay between tumor and immune cells with ECs is complex and can either bolster or hinder the immune system. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate crosstalk between ECs and immune cells is essential to advance the development of immunotherapeutic interventions. Despite recent progress, the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern the interplay between ECs and immune cells remain elusive. Nevertheless, the immunomodulatory function of ECs has emerged as a pivotal determinant of the immune response. In light of this, the study of the relationship between ECs and immune checkpoints has garnered considerable attention in the field of immunotherapy. By targeting specific molecular pathways and signaling molecules associated with ECs in the TME, novel immunotherapeutic strategies may be devised to enhance the efficacy of current treatments. In this vein, we sought to elucidate the relationship between ECs, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in the TME, with the ultimate goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets and charting new avenues for immunotherapy.
Linear-to-circular polarization conversion with full-silica meta-optics to reduce nonlinear effects in high-energy lasers
Authors: Bonod Nicolas , Brianceau Pierre , Daurios Jérôme , Grosjean Sylvain , Roquin Nadja , Gleyze Jean-Francois , Lamaignère Laurent , Neauport Jérôme 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh-energy lasers have benefited from intense efforts to bring light-matter interactions to new standards and to achieve laser fusion ignition. One of the main issues to further increasing laser energy is the resistance of optical materials to high laser fluences, in particular at the final stage of the laser beamline where nonlinear Kerr effects can occur in optical materials and provoke laser filamentation. One promising way to mitigate this process is to reduce the nonlinear susceptibility of the material by switching the polarization from a linear to a circular state. Here, we report a significant reduction in the laser filamentation effect on glass by using a full-silica metamaterial waveplateable to switch the linear-to-circular polarization of high fluence laser beams. This result is achieved through the use of a large size full-silica meta-optics exhibiting nominal polarization conversion associated with an excellent transmission efficiency and wavefront quality, as well as a high laser damage resistance.
Unraveling the mechanisms of deep-brain stimulation of the internal capsule in a mouse model
Authors: van den Boom Bastijn J. G. , Elhazaz-Fernandez Alfredo , Rasmussen Peter A. , van Beest Enny H. , Parthasarathy Aishwarya , Denys Damiaan , Willuhn Ingo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeep-brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for patients suffering from otherwise therapy-resistant psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Modulation of cortico-striatal circuits has been suggested as a mechanism of action. To gain mechanistic insight, we monitored neuronal activity in cortico-striatal regions in a mouse model for compulsive behavior, while systematically varying clinically-relevant parameters of internal-capsule DBS. DBS showed dose-dependent effects on both brain and behavior: An increasing, yet balanced, number of excited and inhibited neurons was recruited, scattered throughout cortico-striatal regions, while excessive grooming decreased. Such neuronal recruitment did not alter basic brain function such as resting-state activity, and only occurred in awake animals, indicating a dependency on network activity. In addition to these widespread effects, we observed specific involvement of the medial orbitofrontal cortex in therapeutic outcomes, which was corroborated by optogenetic stimulation. Together, our findings provide mechanistic insight into how DBS exerts its therapeutic effects on compulsive behaviors.
Stable and oxidative charged Ru enhance the acidic oxygen evolution reaction activity in two-dimensional ruthenium-iridium oxide
Authors: Zhu Wenxiang , Song Xiangcong , Liao Fan , Huang Hui , Shao Qi , Feng Kun , Zhou Yunjie , Ma Mengjie , Wu Jie , Yang Hao , Yang Haiwei , Wang Meng , Shi Jie , Zhong Jun , Cheng Tao , Shao Mingwang , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reactions in acid play an important role in multiple energy storage devices. The practical promising Ru-Ir based catalysts need both the stable high oxidation state of the Ru centers and the high stability of these Ru species. Here, we report stable and oxidative charged Ru in two-dimensional ruthenium-iridium oxide enhances the activity. The Ru0.5Ir0.5O2 catalyst shows high activity in acid with a low overpotential of 151 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a high turnover frequency of 6.84 s−1 at 1.44 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and good stability (618.3 h operation). Ru0.5Ir0.5O2 catalysts can form more Ru active sites with high oxidation states at lower applied voltages after Ir incorporation, which is confirmed by the pulse voltage induced current method. Also, The X-ray absorption spectroscopy data shows that the Ru-O-Ir local structure in two-dimensional Ru0.5Ir0.5O2 solid solution improved the stability of these Ru centers.
O-methyltransferase-like enzyme catalyzed diazo installation in polyketide biosynthesis
Authors: Zhao Yuchun , Liu Xiangyang , Xiao Zhihong , Zhou Jie , Song Xingyu , Wang Xiaozheng , Hu Lijun , Wang Ying , Sun Peng , Wang Wenning , He Xinyi , Lin Shuangjun , Deng Zixin , Pan Lifeng , Jiang Ming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiazo compounds are rare natural products possessing various biological activities. Kinamycin and lomaiviticin, two diazo natural products featured by the diazobenzofluorene core, exhibit exceptional potency as chemotherapeutic agents. Despite the extensive studies on their biosynthetic gene clusters and the assembly of their polyketide scaffolds, the formation of the characteristic diazo group remains elusive. l-Glutamylhydrazine was recently shown to be the hydrazine donor in kinamycin biosynthesis, however, the mechanism for the installation of the hydrazine group onto the kinamycin scaffold is still unclear. Here we describe an O-methyltransferase-like protein, AlpH, which is responsible for the hydrazine incorporation in kinamycin biosynthesis. AlpH catalyses a unique SAM-independent coupling of l-glutamylhydrazine and polyketide intermediate via a rare Mannich reaction in polyketide biosynthesis. Our discovery expands the catalytic diversity of O-methyltransferase-like enzymes and lays a strong foundation for the discovery and development of novel diazo natural products through genome mining and synthetic biology.
Iberian Margin surface ocean cooling led freshening during Marine Isotope Stage 6 abrupt cooling events
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Huang Yongsong , Wijker Reto , Cacho Isabel , Torner Judit , Santos Madeleine , Kost Oliver , Wei Bingbing , Stoll Heather 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe high-resolution paleoclimate records on the Iberian Margin provide an excellent archive to study the mechanism of abrupt climate events. Previous studies on the Iberian Margin proposed that the surface cooling reconstructed by the alkenone-unsaturation index coincided with surface water freshening inferred from an elevated percentage of tetra-unsaturated alkenones, C37:4%. However, recent data indicate that marine alkenone producers, coccolithophores, do not produce more C37:4 in culture as salinity decreases. Hence, the causes for high C37:4 are still unclear. Here we provide detailed alkenone measurements to trace the producers of alkenones in combination with foraminiferal Mg/Ca and oxygen isotope ratios to trace salinity variations. The results indicate that all alkenones were produced by coccolithophores and the high C37:4% reflects decrease in SST instead of freshening. Furthermore, during the millennial climate changes, a surface freshening did not always trigger a cooling, but sometimes happened in the middle of multiple-stage cooling events and likely amplified the temperature decrease.
Elevated plasma sclerostin is associated with high brain amyloid-β load in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Yuan Jun , Pedrini Steve , Thota Rohith , Doecke James , Chatterjee Pratishtha , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Verberk Inge M. W. , Stoops Erik , Vanderstichele Hugo , Meloni Bruno P. , Mitchell Christopher , Rainey-Smith Stephanie , Goozee Kathryn , Tai Andrew Chi Pang , Ashton Nicholas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Gao Junjie , Liu Delin , Mastaglia Frank , Inderjeeth Charles , Zheng Minghao , Martins Ralph N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOsteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mainly affect older individuals, and the possibility of an underlying link contributing to their shared epidemiological features has rarely been investigated. In the current study, we investigated the association between levels of plasma sclerostin (SOST), a protein primarily produced by bone, and brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) load, a pathological hallmark of AD. The study enrolled participants meeting a set of screening inclusion and exclusion criteria and were stratified into Aβ− (n = 65) and Aβ+ (n = 35) according to their brain Aβ load assessed using Aβ-PET (positron emission tomography) imaging. Plasma SOST levels, apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) genotype and several putative AD blood-biomarkers including Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, neurofilament light (NFL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau181 and p-tau231) were detected and compared. It was found that plasma SOST levels were significantly higher in the Aβ+ group (71.49 ± 25.00 pmol/L) compared with the Aβ− group (56.51 ± 22.14 pmol/L) (P < 0.01). Moreover, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that plasma SOST concentrations were positively correlated with brain Aβ load (ρ = 0.321, P = 0.001). Importantly, plasma SOST combined with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio significantly increased the area under the curve (AUC) when compared with using Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio alone (AUC = 0.768 vs 0.669, P = 0.027). In conclusion, plasma SOST levels are elevated in cognitively unimpaired older adults at high risk of AD and SOST could complement existing plasma biomarkers to assist in the detection of preclinical AD.
The spatial phase transition of micro/nano particles and its effect on the cleaning efficiency of laser-plasma shock wave cleaning
Authors: Li Shijie , He Changtao , Xie Na , Xiao Jing , Zhao Junpu , Han Jinghua , Feng Guoying , Song Qianqian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlasma cleaning is an effective method for removing micro/nanoparticle particles, thus solving the pollution problem of micro/nanoparticle instruments. However, the lack of research on the phase transition evolution law of micro/nanoparticles under the action of plasma affects the popularization and application of this method and is the key factor that affects the cleaning quality. The focus of this study is to analyze this law. Through experimental observation and finite element simulation, the spatial phase transition distribution characteristics of particles and the influence law of laser parameters are analyzed. Moreover, the effect of the particle phase transition on the cleaning process is discussed. The removal threshold and the best removal area of different particles are presented, and a reference and guidance for the follow-up development of laser-plasma shock wave removal technology are provided.
Identification of m5C-related lncRNAs signature to predict prognosis and therapeutic responses in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Ma Yuan , Sun Yuchen , Zhao Xu , Li Jing , Fu Xing , Gong Tuotuo , Zhang Xiaozhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a dismal prognosis because of atypical early symptoms and heterogeneous therapeutic responses. 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification plays an important role in the onset and development of many tumors and is widespread in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts. However, the functions of m5C and lncRNAs in ESCC have not been completely elucidated. Herein, this study aimed to explore the role of m5C-related lncRNAs in ESCC. The RNA-seq transcriptome profiles and clinical information were downloaded from the TCGA-ESCC database. Pearson analysis was used to identify m5C-related lncRNAs. Then we established the m5C-related lncRNAs prognostic signature (m5C-LPS) using univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Then, the prognostic value of m5C-LPS was evaluated internally and externally using the TCGA-ESCC and GSE53622 databases through multiple methods. We also detected the expression of these lncRNAs in ESCC cell lines and patient tissues. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the prognostic value of specific lncRNA. In addition, clinical parameters, immune status, genomic variants, oncogenic pathways, enrichment pathways, and therapeutic response features associated with m5C-LPS were explored using bioinformatics methods. We constructed and validated a prognostic signature based on 9 m5C-related lncRNAs (AC002091.2, AC009275.1, CAHM, LINC02057.1, AC0006329.1, AC037459.3, AC064807.1, ATP2B1-AS1, and UBAC2-AS1). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that most lncRNAs were upregulated in ESCC cell lines and patient tissues. And AC002091.2 was validated to have significant prognostic value in ESCC patients. A composite nomogram was generated to facilitate clinical practice by integrating this signature with the N stage. Besides, patients in the low-risk group were characterized by good clinical outcomes, favorable immune status, and low oncogenic alteration. Function enrichment analysis indicated that the risk score was associated with mRNA splicing, ncRNA processing, and DNA damage repair response. At the same time, we found significant differences in the responses to chemoradiotherapy between the two groups, proving the value of m5C-LPS in treatment decision-making in ESCC. This study established a novel prognostic signature based on 9 m5C-related lncRNAs, which is a promising biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes and therapeutic response in ESCC.
Automatic measurement of the Cobb angle for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using convolutional neural network
Authors: Maeda Yoshihiro , Nagura Takeo , Nakamura Masaya , Watanabe Kota 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a convolutional neural network method for automatic vertebrae detection and Cobb angle (CA) measurement on X-ray images for scoliosis. 1021 full-length X-ray images of the whole spine of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were used for training and segmentation. The proposed AI algorithm's results were compared with those of the manual method by six doctors using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICCs recorded by six doctors and AI were excellent or good, with a value of 0.973 for the major curve in the standing position. The mean error between AI and doctors was not affected by the angle size, with AI tending to measure 1.7°–2.2° smaller than that measured by the doctors. The proposed method showed a high correlation with the doctors’ measurements, regardless of the CA size, doctors’ experience, and patient posture. The proposed method showed excellent reliability, indicating that it is a promising automated method for measuring CA in patients with AIS.
Anterior segment indices in mentally retarded children
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Mohayeji Amin , Farzaneh Abdollah , Yekta Abbasali , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Asharlous Amir , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo compare the anterior segment indices between mentally retarded and normal children. The current study was conducted as a cohort. In this study, 73 mentally retarded and 76 normal children were selected from normal school and special schools for mentally retarded children using random cluster sampling method. Mental retardation in children was confirmed by a psychologist. Optometry examinations including visual acuity and refraction were performed for all participants, and ultimately, corneal imaging measurements were taken by Pentacam. The mean age of mentally retarded and normal children was of 13.30 ± 1.83 and 13.05 ± 1.82 years, respectively (P = 0.180). A multiple generalized estimating equations model demonstrated that there is a significant association between central corneal thickness (CCT) (coef = 1.011, P < 0.001), corneal diameter (CD) (coef = 0.444, P = 0.046), anterior chamber depth (ACD) (coef = 0.23), P < 0.001) and index of vertical asymmetry (IVA) (coef = 0.12, P < 0.001) and mental retardation. Cerebral palsy children had higher keratoconus index (KI), central keratoconus index (CKI), index of height asymmetry(IHA), and index of height decentration (IHD) compared to those without cerebral palsy (P < 0.05). Children with moderate mental retardation had higher index of surface variance (ISV), IVA, IHA, and IHD than those with mild mental retardation (P < 0.05). The mean and standard deviation of CCT, CD, ACD and IVA index in mentally retarded children were 535.3 ± 46.68 micron, 11.87 ± 0.42 mm, 3.29 ± 0.24 mm and 0.25 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. These indices in the normal group were 525.53 ± 47.52 micron, 11.84 ± 0.38 mm, 3.15 ± 0.28 mm and 0.17 ± 0.05 mm, respectively. The findings of this study showed that some anterior segment indices were different in mentally retarded compared to normal children. Moreover, some keratoconus indicators were worse in cerebral palsy children and children with higher grade mental retardation. So, it is important to consider keratoconus screening in these children.