bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bioinspired Robot Growing like Plant Roots
Authors: Bianchi Giovanni , Agoni Aldo , Cinquemani Simone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlants are usually considered static organisms, but they can perform a wide range of movements that can be a source of inspiration for robots. The roots’ growing motion is the most noteworthy since they are excellent diggers that can move in unstructured environments and navigate past barriers. Furthermore, root growth has a high energy efficiency since it penetrates the soil at its tip, adding new material without displacing the already grown portion, minimizing the energy dissipation due to friction and lowering the inertia. A robot inspired by the growth of roots could be used in search and rescue or environmental monitoring. The design of a soft robot inspired by root growth is presented in this article. The robot body consists of a cylindrical plastic membrane folded inside itself. The robot body is inflated, and its tip is everted, expanding its length as air is blown from the base. Velcro straps are placed on the membrane’s exterior surface to keep it folded. The head is positioned inside the tip, which houses the mechanism that controls the growth direction. It consists of housing for two balloons that are selectively inflated, and their expansion applies pressure on the exterior surface, opening the Velcro straps and determining the growth direction. The robot was constructed, and a kinematic model of its motion in the plane was created and compared with experimental data. The error in predicting the turning angle is only 5%, and the resulting predicted position differs on average by 55 mm on a total length of 850 mm.
The role of subglacial hydrology in Antarctic ice sheet dynamics and stability: a modelling perspective
Authors: Dow Christine F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSubglacial hydrology is an important component of the ice dynamic system in Antarctica but is challenging to investigate due to the large spatial scales of the catchment systems, the ice thickness, and remote location. Here I discuss key discoveries about Antarctic subglacial hydrology from the Glacier Drainage System (GlaDS) model, including the presence of long, often high-pressure, subglacial channels. These channels pump tens of cubic metres per second of freshwater into ice-shelf cavities and directly affect melt rates at the critical grounding zone regions. Future ice dynamics and ice-shelf cavity models should take subglacial hydrology into account if they are to accurately predict future behaviour of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Paleogeographical and paleoenvironmental significance of ostracodes from the Pennsylvanian Nagaiwa Formation, northeast Japan
Authors: Tanaka Gengo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Early Pennsylvanian Nagaiwa Formation contains fossils such as corals, fusulinids, and ostracodes, and its age and depositional environments have been determined by fusulinids and sedimentology. In this study, I describe the ostracode assemblages from the Nagaiwa Formation. Moreover, I provide a reconstruction of the paleogeography of northeastern Japan during the Early Pennsylvanian by comparing this ostracode assemblage with assemblages from other regions during the same period. Thirty ostracode species, including 12 genera, have been identified, most of which are endemic species and 10 of which are new: Jordanites michinokuensis n. sp., Thuringobolbina ikeyai n. sp., Aechmina iwatensis n. sp., Pseudobythocypris asiatica n. sp., P. zipangu n. sp., P. siveteri n. sp., Platyrhomboides tohokuensis n. sp., P. japonica n. sp., Healdia ofunatensis n. sp., and H. rikutyuensis n. sp. Two of these species are also found in central Japan. The ostracodes from the Nagaiwa Formation are unique when compared with any other similarly aged assemblages.UUID: http://zoobank.org/c43f0787-4bb6-45d1-9c12-54a747c0b040
Angle of incidence
Authors: Wright Wilbur 
Published: March 2023

If the term ‘angle of incidence’, so frequently used in aeronautical discussions, could be confined to a single definite meaning, viz., the angle at which aeroplane and wind actually meet, much error and confusion would be averted. But many of the best writers use this term loosely and inexactly, with the result that their calculations and explanations of phenomena are thereby often rendered of little value, and students are misled.If a plane be held stationary in a horizontal wind (Fig. 1), the angle of incidence A C D will be equal to the angle with the horizon. But if the wind have an upward trend, the angle of incidence will be increased to A C D2. A calculation based on the assumption that A C D still remained the true angle would, of course, be seriously in error.
A complex market sector
Authors: Buley Alan R. 
Published: March 2023

My first comment is about the term ‘third level'—I believe it to be bad. I think it does the operators concerned an injustice. I think it inappropriate because, as we all know, almost anything with the word ‘third’ applied to it is widely accepted as being sub-standard. In some cases, as in the bad old days of third-class railway travel in the UK, it was virtually an admission that the standard offered was poor.For these reasons the term is quite misleading in the aviation context, for third-level operators are in fact actively engaged in raising the standards of air transport in the regional areas. In doing this they are following the trend in aviation generally. The introduction of jets over intercontinental routes was inevitably followed by their use over major domestic networks. Today we are witnessing their increasing adoption in regional air transport, one of the principal reasons being that passengers accustomed to top class amenities on intercontinental flights are not happy about anything much less comfortable or less speedy when they leave the big jet at ths major international airport; they have come to expect comparable standards from the feederline or regional service by which they are to complete the journey.
The problems of research and development cost prediction in an avionics supply company
Authors: Quilter H. K. 
Published: March 2023

Although this paper is intended to contribute to the symposium a view on the subject from within a major equipment supplier to the aerospace industry, the views expressed, whilst based on experience gained from working within the Aviation Division of Smiths Industries at Cheltenham are my own, and do not necessarily represent those of the Company.'Avionics’ is used in the title for brevity, although if one accepts the definition of avionics as being the application of electronics to airborne systems and equipment, it does not strictly cover the whole range of products with which Smiths Industries Aviation Division at Cheltenham is concerned. However, since electronics form the major part of Head Up Displays and Flight Control Systems, and an increasing proportion of Flight Deck Instruments and Components, it is the most convenient generic term.
The operator's responsibility
Authors: Morland Beazley J. 
Published: March 2023

When one sits down and considers the title of this paper and its implications, I have no doubt that for most people and certainly for me, the word responsibility must conjure up a host of meanings largely depending on what sort of person one is, and what one's experience of life has been.There is not any point in my talking about the ‘permission’ I would have thought, except to say for anyone in this audience who is unaware, that each operating Ag company negotiates with the CAA, in my view in a somewhat tedious way, for the issuance of this document; in it is set down the way the operator intends to run his show, and in effect it constitutes the rule book. Anyone here who is interested can obtain from the Cheltenham Stationery Office a copy of the guide to the Permission. Hitherto the permission has been free, but for this season it will cost £500 plus £300 for each aircraft on the register, no less, in line with the CAA's campaign to cover its costs.
The development and use of simulators for helicopter flight training in the Royal Navy
Authors: Wingate G. J. P. 
Published: March 2023

Helicopter flight simulators have now been in use in the Royal Navy for fifteen years. The aim of this paper is to discuss the development of the helicopter within naval aviation, and in turn the development of the helicopter simulator alongside its actual aircraft counterpart. The uses to which the Royal Navy puts its simulators will be detailed, with particular reference to its most used simulator, the Sea King Flight and Mission Simulator. The expanding use of helicopters will be discussed, with a look at the Royal Navy’s present day aircraft, the Lynx, and its simulator. The assured future for flight simulation within the Fleet Air Arm will be explained.Helicopters have been used by the Royal Navy since 1944, when four R4s were purchased from Sikorsky’s, and the change over of the Fleet Air Arm from an all fixed wing force to an almost totally helicopter force can be seen to be due to both operational considerations and political events.
A design space representation of stiffened shear webs
Authors: Rothwell A. 
Published: March 2023

A stiffened shear web, consisting of a thin plate (referred to simply as the web) attached to longitudinal members (or flanges) and supported by a series of transverse stiffeners, buckles in a mode involving both the web and stiffeners, at a shear stress which also depends on the restraint between the web and flanges. With increasing stiffener size changes in the mode of buckling occur until, at a certain critical value of the flexural stiffness of the stiffener, buckling is largely confined to the web between stiffeners, and the buckling coefficient is then practically constant. The buckling coefficient reduces to that of an unstiffened flat plate with decreasing stiffener size.Engineering Sciences Data Item 02.03.02 plots buckling coefficients for long shear webs with uniform, equally-spaced stiffeners. The curves are based on work by Stein and Fralich, for stiffeners of zero torsional rigidity and simply-supported longitudinal edges, and on a more recent series of papers by Cook and Rockey (listed in the Data Item) which extend the analysis to clamped, as well as simply-supported, webs and also include the torsional rigidity of the stiffeners.
Optimal flight paths for a winged supersonic rocket vehicle
Authors: Large E. 
Published: March 2023

In 1951, Tsien and Evans successfully solved the problem of finding the optimum flight path for a vertically ascending sounding rocket (Ref. 1). Hibbs, in 1952, solved the problem of finding the optimum burning program for horizontal flight of a winged, rocket-propelled vehicle (Ref. 2). Since then work on optimal flight paths within the atmosphere has stagnated, most work being done for constant thrust, programmed in angle, in vacuo.The present work extends Tsien and Evans', and Hibbs' work, to flight paths off the vertical. Although the simpler paths produced analytical solutions in the time domain, the present solution is not analytic and is carried out numerically using distance or path length as the independent variable.
Assessment of crop water stress index and net benefit for surface- and subsurface-drip irrigated bell pepper to various deficit irrigation strategies
Authors: Bozkurt Çolak Y. , Yazar A. , Yıldız M. , Tekin S. , Gönen E. , Alghawry A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study addresses the assessment of crop water stress index (CWSI) of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and net income generated under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), conventional deficit irrigation and partial root-zone drying (PRD) and full irrigation (I100) using surface- and subsurface-drip systems (DI and SDI) during 2016 and 2017 in the Mediterranean region. The experimental design was split-plots with four replications. RDI was supplied with 50% of I100 during vegetative stage until flowering, then received 100% of crop water requirement. PRD50 received 50% of I100, but from alternative laterals each watering. The results revealed that CWSI was correlated significantly (P < 0.01) and negatively with yield, yield per plant, total soluble solid, ETa, fruit weight and plant height indicating that yield of bell pepper declined with increasing CWSI values (P < 0.01). Bell pepper should be irrigated at mean CWSI value of 0.20 without any yield reduction. CWSI in the RDI and I75 treatments were slightly greater than 0.20. Irrigation treatments had significant effect on yield and quality traits. The highest total soluble solutes were found in PRD50 and I50. The DI I100 treatment generated the highest net income followed by the SDI I100 and RDI. In conclusion, RDI and I75 appear to be good alternatives to I100 for sustainable bell pepper production in the Mediterranean region.
Consciousness and the Ethics of Human Brain Organoid Research
Authors: Kreitmair Karola 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe possibility of consciousness in human brain organoids is sometimes viewed as determinative in terms of the moral status such entities possess, and, in turn, in terms of the research protections such entities are due. This commonsense view aligns with a prominent stance in neurology and neuroscience that consciousness admits of degrees. My paper outlines these views and provides an argument for why this picture of correlating degrees of consciousness with moral status and research protections is mistaken. I then provide an alternative account of the correlation between moral status and consciousness, and consider the epistemic ramifications for research protections of this account.
Haemodynamic effects of prophylactic post-operative hydrocortisone following cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Landry Lily M. , Gajula Viswanath , Knudson Jarrod D. , Jenks Christopher L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultiple studies have endeavoured to define the role of steroids in paediatric congenital heart surgery; however, steroid utilisation remains haphazard. In September, 2017, our institution implemented a protocol requiring that all neonates undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass receive a five-day post-operative hydrocortisone taper. This single-centre retrospective study was designed to test the hypothesis that routine post-operative hydrocortisone administration reduces the incidence of capillary leak syndrome, leads to favourable postoperative fluid balance, and less inotropic support in the early post-operative period. Data were gathered on all term neonates who underwent cardiac surgery with the use of bypass between September, 2015 and 2019. Subjects who were unable to separate from bypass, required long-term dialysis, or long-term mechanical ventilation were excluded. Seventy-five patients met eligibility criteria (non-hydrocortisone group = 52; hydrocortisone group = 23). For post-operative days 0–4, we did not observe a significant difference in net fluid balance or vasoactive inotropic score between study groups. Similarly, we saw no major difference in secondary clinical outcomes (post-operative duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU/hospital length of stay, and time from surgery to initiation of enteral feeds). In contrast to prior analyses, our study was unable to demonstrate a significant difference in net fluid balance or vasoactive inotropic score with the administration of a tapered post-operative hydrocortisone regimen. Similarly, we saw no effect on secondary clinical outcomes. Further long-term randomised control studies are necessary to validate the potential clinical benefit of utilising steroids in paediatric cardiac surgery, especially in the more fragile neonatal population.
Human Genetics Society of Australasia Position Statement: Use of Polygenic Scores in Clinical Practice and Population Health
Authors: Young Mary-Anne , Yanes Tatiane , Cust Anne E. , Dunlop Kate , Limb Sharne , Newson Ainsley J. , Purvis Rebecca , Thiyagarajan Lavvina , Scott Rodney J. , Verma Kunal , James Paul A. , Steinberg Julia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConsiderable progress continues to be made with regards to the value and use of disease associated polygenic scores (PGS). PGS aim to capture a person’s genetic liability to a condition, disease, or a trait, combining information across many risk variants and incorporating their effect sizes. They are already available for clinicians and consumers to order in Australasia. However, debate is ongoing over the readiness of this information for integration into clinical practice and population health. This position statement provides the viewpoint of the Human Genetics Society of Australasia (HGSA) regarding the clinical application of disease-associated PGS in both individual patients and population health. The statement details how PGS are calculated, highlights their breadth of possible application, and examines their current challenges and limitations. We consider fundamental lessons from Mendelian genetics and their continuing relevance to PGS, while also acknowledging the distinct elements of PGS. Use of PGS in practice should be evidence based, and the evidence for the associated benefit, while rapidly emerging, remains limited. Given that clinicians and consumers can already order PGS, their current limitations and key issues warrant consideration. PGS can be developed for most complex conditions and traits and can be used across multiple clinical settings and for population health. The HGSA’s view is that further evaluation, including regulatory, implementation and health system evaluation are required before PGS can be routinely implemented in the Australasian healthcare system.
Is it the Drinks or the Friends?
Authors: Geusens Femke , Carr Caleb T. , Beullens Kathleen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Prior research has repeatedly found a positive relationship between sharing alcohol references on social media and drinking behavior. This study adds to the literature by testing for alcohol-related self-effects of social media use. We explored attitudes and self-concept as potential underlying mechanisms, and tested whether it is the depicted alcohol that elicits an effect or depiction of the associated socialness of going out with friends. This preregistered study ( N = 178) employed a fully-crossed 3 (drinking presentation: explicit v. implicit v. none) × 2 (socialness: with others v. alone) experimental design. A two-way MANOVA using Pillai’s trace tested for significant differences in attitudes, drinking and non-drinking identity, and drinking intentions across six self-presentation conditions. Neither an effect of alcohol self-presentation nor of socialness self-presentation on alcohol-related cognitions were identified. Findings raise important questions about the causality of the relationship between sharing alcohol posts on social media and drinking behavior.
Health and Safety Effects of Airborne Soil Dust in the Americas and Beyond
Authors: Tong Daniel Q. , Gill Thomas E. , Sprigg William A. , Van Pelt Robert Scott , Baklanov Alexander A. , Barker Bridget Marie , Bell Jesse E. , Castillo Juan , Gassó Santiago , Gaston Cassandra J. , Griffin Dale W. , Huneeus Nicolas , Kahn Ralph A. , Kuciauskas Arunas P. , Ladino Luis A. , Li Junran , Mayol‐Bracero Olga L. , McCotter Orion Z. , Méndez‐Lázaro Pablo A. , Mudu Pierpaolo , Nickovic Slobodan , Oyarzun Damian , Prospero Joseph , Raga Graciela B. , Raysoni Amit U. , Ren Ling , Sarafoglou Nikias , Sealy Andrea , Sun Ziheng , Vimic Ana Vukovic 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRisks associated with dust hazards are often underappreciated, a gap between the knowledge pool and public awareness that can be costly for impacted communities. This study reviews the emission sources and chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of airborne soil particles (dust) and their effects on human and environmental health and safety in the Pan‐American region. American dust originates from both local sources (western United States, northern Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina) and long‐range transport from Africa and Asia. Dust properties, as well as the trends and interactions with criteria air pollutants, are summarized. Human exposure to dust is associated with adverse health effects, including asthma, allergies, fungal infections, and premature death. In the Americas, a well‐documented and striking effect of soil dust is its association with Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley fever, an infection caused by inhalation of soil‐dwelling fungi unique to this region. Besides human health, dust affects environmental health through nutrients that increase phytoplankton biomass, contaminants that diminish water supply and affect food (crops/fruits/vegetables and ready‐to‐eat meat), spread crop and marine pathogens, cause Valley fever among domestic and wild animals, transport heavy metals, radionuclides and microplastics, and reduce solar and wind power generation. Dust is also a safety hazard to road transportation and aviation, in the southwestern US where blowing dust is one of the deadliest weather hazards. To mitigate the harmful effects, coordinated regional and international efforts are needed to enhance dust observations and prediction capabilities, soil conservation measures, and Valley fever and other disease surveillance.
Leveraging Uncertainty in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Stocks and Fluxes
Authors: Trugman A. T. , Quetin G. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractForests sequester ∼25% of anthropogenic carbon (C) emissions annually and are of increasing interest for their potential as Nature‐based Climate Solutions (NbCS). Emergent from the need to assess terrestrial ecosystem health and quantify C storage and fluxes, several gridded products documenting terrestrial C and changes in C stocks over time have been developed. However, researchers have not yet systematically compared C distributions across products, or developed a clear path forward for investigating and leveraging this cross‐product uncertainty in estimates of terrestrial C. Alaniz et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002560) synthesize multiple published products to constrain the distribution of forest C stocks and fluxes globally. Building off of their results, we comment on opportunities for advancing both basic science and NbCS policy recommendations through systematic product cross‐comparisons and targeting of areas with differing levels of uncertainties in the terrestrial C sink.