bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work expectations, their fulfillment, and exhaustion among radiologists of all career levels: what can be learned from the example of Germany
Authors: Molwitz Isabel , Kemper Christoph , Stahlmann Katharina , Oechtering Thekla Helene , Sieren Malte Maria , Afat Saif , Gerwing Mirjam , Bucher Andreas Michael , Storz Corinna , Langenbach Marcel C. , Reim Martin , Lotz Joachim , Zagrosek-Regitz Vera , Can Elif , Köhler Daniel , Yamamura Jin , Adam Gerhard , Hamm Bernd , Keller Sarah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate work expectations of radiologists at different career levels, their fulfillment, prevalence of exhaustion, and exhaustion-associated factors.

Methods
A standardized digital questionnaire was distributed internationally to radiologists of all career levels in the hospital and in ambulatory care via radiological societies and sent manually to 4500 radiologists of the largest German hospitals between December 2020 and April 2021. Statistics were based on age- and gender-adjusted regression analyses of respondents working in Germany (510 out of 594 total respondents).

Results
The most frequent expectations were “joy at work” (97%) and a “good working atmosphere” (97%), which were considered fulfilled by at least 78%. The expectation of a “structured residency within the regular time interval” (79%) was more frequently judged fulfilled by senior physicians (83%, odds ratio (OR) 4.31 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.95–9.52]), chief physicians (85%, 6.81 [95% CI 1.91–24.29]), and radiologists outside the hospital (88%, 7.59 [95% CI 2.40–24.03]) than by residents (68%). Exhaustion was most common among residents (physical exhaustion: 38%; emotional exhaustion: 36%), in-hospital specialists (29%; 38%), and senior physicians (30%; 29%). In contrast to paid extra hours, unpaid extra hours were associated with physical exhaustion (5–10 extra hours: OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.54–4.19]). Fewer opportunities to shape the work environment were related to a higher probability of physical (2.03 [95% CI 1.32–3.13]) and emotional (2.15 [95% CI 1.39–3.33]) exhaustion.

Conclusions
While most radiologists enjoy their work, residents wish for more training structure. Ensuring payment of extra hours and employee empowerment may help preventing burnout in high-risk groups.

Key Points
• Most important work expectations of radiologists who work in Germany are “joy at work,” a “good working atmosphere,” “support for further qualification,” and a “structured residency within the regular time interval,” with the latter containing potential for improvement according to residents.
• Physical and emotional exhaustion are common at all career levels except for chief physicians and for radiologists who work outside the hospital in ambulatory care.
• Exhaustion as a major burnout criterion is associated with unpaid extra hours and reduced opportunities to shape the work environment.
Multivariate bias correction of regional climate model boundary conditions
Authors: Kim Youngil , Evans Jason P. , Sharma Ashish 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImproving modeling capacities requires a better understanding of both the physical relationship between the variables and climate models with a higher degree of skill than is currently achieved by Global Climate Models (GCMs). Although Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are commonly used to resolve finer scales, their application is restricted by the inherent systematic biases within the GCM datasets that can be propagated into the RCM simulation through the model input boundaries. Hence, it is advisable to remove the systematic biases in the GCM simulations prior to downscaling, forming improved input boundary conditions for the RCMs. Various mathematical approaches have been formulated to correct such biases. Most of the techniques, however, correct each variable independently leading to physical inconsistencies across the variables in dynamically linked fields. Here, we investigate bias corrections ranging from simple to more complex techniques to correct biases of RCM input boundary conditions. The results show that substantial improvements in model performance are achieved after applying bias correction to the boundaries of RCM. This work identifies that the effectiveness of increasingly sophisticated techniques is able to improve the simulated rainfall characteristics. An RCM with multivariate bias correction, which corrects temporal persistence and inter-variable relationships, better represents extreme events relative to univariate bias correction techniques, which do not account for the physical relationship between the variables.
Combining microfluidic paper-based platform and metal–organic frameworks in a single device for phenolic content assessment in fruits
Authors: Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H. , Mesquita Raquel B. R. , Simó-Alfonso E. F. , Herrero-Martínez J. M. , Rangel António O. S. S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA microfluidic paper-based device (µPAD) has been combined with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for total phenolic compounds (TPC) quantification in fruit samples for the first time. The performance of the µPAD, based upon the vertical flow approach, was enhanced in order to determine the TPC content with high accuracy in fruit samples. The method was based on the traditional Folin-Ciocalteu Index using gallic acid or oenotannin as reference phenolic compounds. This novel design and construction of the device are in agreement with the principles of Green Chemistry avoiding wax technology (lower toxicity). The analytical parameters that affect the colorimetric method (using digital imaging of the colored zone) performance were optimized including design, sample volume, and MOF amount. Then, the analytical features of the developed method were investigated such as dynamic range (1.6–30 mg L−1), limit of detection (0.5 mg L−1), and precision (RSD < 9%). Besides, the in-field analysis is achievable with a color stability up to 6 h after the loading process of the sample and storage stability for at least 15 days without performance losses (under vacuum at − 20 °C). Furthermore, the MOF ZIF-8@paper was characterized to study its composition and the successful combination. The feasibility of the proposed method was demonstrated by determining the TPC in 5 fruit samples using oenotannin as reference solute. The accuracy was validated by comparison of the data with the results obtained with the recommended protocol proposed by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV).Graphical Abstract
Genetics of nonlesional focal epilepsy in adults and surgical implications
Authors: Karge R. , Knopp C. , Weber Y. , Wolking S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNonlesional focal epilepsies (nlFE) represent a heterogenous group of syndromes. They encompass self-limited focal epilepsies of childhood and youth, rare focal, familial epilepsies, epilepsies associated with brain somatic variants, and to a large extent nonfamilial epilepsies that have a complex genetic or unknown background. Genetic testing should be performed in cases of a family history suggestive of monogenic inheritance and in cases that show additional symptoms, such as intellectual impairment, autism, or dysmorphic features. Whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing is the method of choice. Growing evidence suggests including genetic testing also in the presurgical workup of individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy. While individuals that harbor variants in genes of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway tend to achieve better seizure control following epilepsy surgery, the postsurgical outcome of genetic epilepsies associated with channel function or synaptic transmission appears to be poor. The aim of this article is to review the genetic background of focal epilepsies that occur or persist in adults, provide guidance for genetic testing, and discuss potential implications for presurgical evaluation.
Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Child Avoidance Measure
Authors: Simon Ellin , Bragt-de Jong Henriëtta J. , Butler Petra , Whiteside Stephen P. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAvoidance is considered a hallmark feature of child anxiety, but convenient measures are scarce. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Child Avoidance Measure (CAM) in a Dutch population, focusing mainly on the child-version. We included children 8 to 13 years old from a community sample (n = 63, longitudinal design) and a sample of high-anxious children (n = 92, cross-sectional design). Regarding the child-version, the internal consistencies were acceptable to good with moderate test-retest reliability. The validity analyses showed encouraging results. High-anxious children had higher avoidance scores than children from a community sample. Regarding the parent-version, both the internal consistency and test-retest validity were excellent. Overall, this study confirmed the sound psychometric properties and usefulness of the CAM. Future studies should focus on the psychometric properties of the Dutch CAM in a clinical sample, assess its ecological validity more extensively, and examine more psychometric features of the parent-version.
Simulating the GB power system frequency during underfrequency events 2018–19
Authors: Cooke Christian , Mestel Ben 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLightning hit a transmission power line outside London, England on 9 August 2019. There followed a loss of power from a cascade of generator outages that exceeded contingency reserves, leading to an exceptional fall in grid frequency causing widespread transport disruptions and the disconnection of over 1 m households. Simulating such events typically involves a system of differential equations representing the overall generation and load present at the time. A standard model based on the swing equation assumes unlimited capacity in aggregated resources, and the availability of these services throughout the duration of the frequency deviation. In simulating the effect of outages on the GB Grid frequency on 2019/8/9, the effect of limiting these services to the capacity of resources engaged during the event is examined. It is shown that by taking these refinements into account the timing and extent of the frequency nadir can be successfully estimated. Insight is gained into the responses of various grid characteristics and how they interact with unplanned generation imbalances. Using this adapted model, further events on the GB grid are examined to validate the influence of these features. With the model’s effectiveness validated, novel mitigating measures to preserve the stability of a low-inertia grid can be evaluated.
Targeting iron metabolism in osteosarcoma
Authors: Ma Xiaowei , Zhao Jiazheng , Feng Helin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary solid malignant tumour of bone, with rapid progression and a very poor prognosis. Iron is an essential nutrient that makes it an important player in cellular activities due to its inherent ability to exchange electrons, and its metabolic abnormalities are associated with a variety of diseases. The body tightly regulates iron content at the systemic and cellular levels through various mechanisms to prevent iron deficiency and overload from damaging the body. OS cells regulate various mechanisms to increase the intracellular iron concentration to accelerate proliferation, and some studies have revealed the hidden link between iron metabolism and the occurrence and development of OS. This article briefly describes the process of normal iron metabolism, and focuses on the research progress of abnormal iron metabolism in OS from the systemic and cellular levels.
A note on the supersolution method for Hardy’s inequality
Authors: Bianchi Francesca , Brasco Lorenzo , Sk Firoj , Zagati Anna Chiara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe prove a characterization of Hardy’s inequality in Sobolev–Slobodeckiĭ spaces in terms of positive local weak supersolutions of the relevant Euler-Lagrange equation. This extends previous results by Ancona Kinnunen & Korte for standard Sobolev spaces. The proof is based on variational methods.
Generalizability of Abusive Language Detection Models on Homogeneous German Datasets
Authors: Seemann Nina , Lee Yeong Su , Höllig Julian , Geierhos Michaela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAbusive language detection has become an integral part of the research, as reflected in numerous publications and several shared tasks conducted in recent years. It has been shown that the obtained models perform well on the datasets on which they were trained, but have difficulty generalizing to other datasets. This work also focuses on model generalization, but – in contrast to previous work – we use homogeneous datasets for our experiments, assuming that they have a higher generalizability. We want to find out how similar datasets have to be for trained models to generalize and whether generalizability depends on the method used to obtain a model. To this end, we selected four German datasets from popular shared tasks, three of which are from consecutive GermEval shared tasks. Furthermore, we evaluate two deep learning methods and three traditional machine learning methods to derive generalizability trends based on the results. Our experiments show that generalization is only partially given, although the annotation schemes for these datasets are almost identical. Our findings additionally show that generalizability depends solely on the (combinations of) training sets and is consistent no matter what the underlying method is.
Perirectal hematoma after stapled surgery for hemorrhoidal prolapse and obstructed defecation syndrome: case series management to avoid panic-guided treatment
Authors: Mascagni Domenico , Eberspacher Chiara , Naldini Gabriele , Arcieri Francesco Leone , Mascagni Pietro , Cirocchi Roberto , Popivanov Georgi , Sileri Pierpaolo , Arcieri Stefano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerirectal hematoma (PH) is one of the most feared complications of stapling procedures. Literature reviews have reported only a few works on PH, most of them describing isolated treatment approaches and severe outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze a homogenous case series of PH and to define a treatment algorithm for huge postoperative PHs. A retrospective analysis of a prospective database of three high-volume proctology units was performed between 2008 and 2018, and all PH cases were analyzed. In all, 3058 patients underwent stapling procedures for hemorrhoidal disease or obstructed defecation syndrome with internal prolapse. Among these, 14 (0.46%) large PH cases were reported, and 12 of these hematomas were stable and treated conservatively (antibiotics and CT/laboratory test monitoring); most of them were resolved with spontaneous drainage. Two patients with progressive PH (signs of active bleeding and peritonism) were submitted to CT and arteriography to evaluate the source of bleeding, which was subsequently closed by embolization. This approach helped ensure that no patients with PH were referred for major abdominal surgery. Most PH cases are stable and treatable with a conservative approach, evolving with self-drainage. Progressive hematomas are rare and should undergo angiography with embolization to minimize the possibility of major surgery and severe complications.
Boosting Pseudocapacitive Behavior of Supercapattery Electrodes by Incorporating a Schottky Junction for Ultrahigh Energy Density
Authors: Seenivasan Selvaraj , Shim Kyu In , Lim Chaesung , Kavinkumar Thangavel , Sivagurunathan Amarnath T. , Han Jeong Woo , Kim Do-Heyoung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPseudo-capacitive negative electrodes remain a major bottleneck in the development of supercapacitor devices with high energy density because the electric double-layer capacitance of the negative electrodes does not match the pseudocapacitance of the corresponding positive electrodes. In the present study, a strategically improved Ni-Co-Mo sulfide is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for high energy density supercapattery devices due to its sustained pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism. The pseudocapacitive behavior is enhanced when operating under a high current through the addition of a classical Schottky junction next to the electrode–electrolyte interface using atomic layer deposition. The Schottky junction accelerates and decelerates the diffusion of OH‒/K+ ions during the charging and discharging processes, respectively, to improve the pseudocapacitive behavior. The resulting pseudocapacitive negative electrodes exhibits a specific capacity of 2,114 C g−1 at 2 A g−1 matches almost that of the positive electrode’s 2,795 C g−1 at 3 A g−1. As a result, with the equivalent contribution from the positive and negative electrodes, an energy density of 236.1 Wh kg−1 is achieved at a power density of 921.9 W kg−1 with a total active mass of 15 mg cm−2. This strategy demonstrates the possibility of producing supercapacitors that adapt well to the supercapattery zone of a Ragone plot and that are equal to batteries in terms of energy density, thus, offering a route for further advances in electrochemical energy storage and conversion processes.
Fibrous Aerogels with Tunable Superwettability for High-Performance Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation
Authors: Xu Chengjian , Gao Mengyue , Yu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Junyan , Cheng Yanhua , Zhu Meifang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolar-driven interfacial evaporation is an emerging technology for water desalination. Generally, double-layered structure with separate surface wettability properties is usually employed for evaporator construction. However, creating materials with tunable properties is a great challenge because the wettability of existing materials is usually monotonous. Herein, we report vinyltrimethoxysilane as a single molecular unit to hybrid with bacterial cellulose (BC) fibrous network, which can be built into robust aerogel with entirely distinct wettability through controlling assembly pathways. Siloxane groups or carbon atoms are exposed on the surface of BC nanofibers, resulting in either superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic aerogels. With this special property, single component-modified aerogels could be integrated into a double-layered evaporator for water desalination. Under 1 sun, our evaporator achieves high water evaporation rates of 1.91 and 4.20 kg m−2 h−1 under laboratory and outdoor solar conditions, respectively. Moreover, this aerogel evaporator shows unprecedented lightweight, structural robustness, long-term stability under extreme conditions, and excellent salt-resistance, highlighting the advantages in synthesis of aerogel materials from the single molecular unit."Image missing"
Large Energy Capacitive High-Entropy Lead-Free Ferroelectrics
Authors: Chen Liang , Yu Huifen , Wu Jie , Deng Shiqing , Liu Hui , Zhu Lifeng , Qi He , Chen Jun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Advanced lead-free energy storage ceramics play an indispensable role in next-generation pulse power capacitors market. Here, an ultrahigh energy storage density of ~ 13.8 J cm−3 and a large efficiency of ~ 82.4% are achieved in high-entropy lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics by increasing configuration entropy, named high-entropy strategy, realizing nearly ten times growth of energy storage density compared with low-entropy material. Evolution of energy storage performance and domain structure with increasing configuration entropy is systematically revealed for the first time. The achievement of excellent energy storage properties should be attributed to the enhanced random field, decreased nanodomain size, strong multiple local distortions, and improved breakdown field. Furthermore, the excellent frequency and fatigue stability as well as charge/discharge properties with superior thermal stability are also realized. The significantly enhanced comprehensive energy storage performance by increasing configuration entropy demonstrates that high entropy is an effective but convenient strategy to design new high-performance dielectrics, promoting the development of advanced capacitors "Image missing".
Asymptotically efficient estimation for diffusion processes with nonsynchronous observations
Authors: Ogihara Teppei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study maximum-likelihood-type estimation for diffusion processes when the coefficients are nonrandom and observations occur in nonsynchronous manner. The problem of nonsynchronous observations is important when we consider the analysis of high-frequency data in a financial market. Constructing a quasi-likelihood function to define the estimator, we adaptively estimate the parameter for the diffusion part and the drift part. We consider the asymptotic theory when the terminal time point $$T_n$$

T
n

and the observation frequency goes to infinity, and show the consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimator. Moreover, we show local asymptotic normality for the statistical model, and asymptotic efficiency of the estimator as a consequence. To show the asymptotic properties of the maximum-likelihood-type estimator, we need to control the asymptotic behaviors of some functionals of the sampling scheme. Though it is difficult to directly control those in general, we study tractable sufficient conditions when the sampling scheme is generated by mixing processes.
Chemical Properties of Some Alkaline Sandy Soils and Their Effects on Phosphorus Dynamics with Bone Char Application as a Renewable Resource of Phosphate Fertilizer
Authors: Amin Abu El-Eyuoon Abu Zied 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral chemical properties of alkaline soils play an important role in dissolving phosphate minerals, which greatly affect the phosphorous availability to plants. The current study was carried out to assess bone char application on the availability and distribution of phosphorus in some alkaline sandy soils. This incubation experiment was performed by selecting some alkaline soils from different locations in Upper Egypt: Arab El-Awamer (Assiut Governorate), West El-Minia (El-Minia governorate), and New Valley Governorate. Bone char was applied at a dose of 4 g kg−1 soil. The incubation periods lasted for 7, 16, 35, 65, and 84 days. Phosphorus availability in Arab El-Awamer soil increased significantly with applying bone char and was greatly influenced by soil chemical properties and incubation periods. Bone char addition caused a relative increase of available phosphorous in the sequence as follows: Arab El-Awamer soil ˃ New Valley soil ˃ West El-Minia soil. Available phosphorous showed a negative correlation with electrical conductivity, soluble calcium, and soluble sulfate. A significant increase of NH4Cl-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, HCl-Pi, and residual P fractions occurred in some soils with bone char application. Phosphorus fractions distribution in all soils followed: HCl-P ˃ residual P ˃ NaHCO3-P ˃ NaOH-P ˃ NH4Cl-P. The correlation between phosphorus availability and phosphorus fractions was positive. Our results focus on the importance of using bone char as an amendment in P-poor alkaline soils for improving phosphorus availability. So, bone char is an effective technique for sustainable agriculture because it is a clean and renewable resource of phosphate fertilizers.
Perspective from anesthesiologists on the therapy of critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Li Hui , Dai Ruping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the surge of critically ill COVID-19 patients in China, numerous anesthesiologists from anesthesia intensive care units (AICU) or reallocated to other ICUs were devoted to the treatment of COVID-19. Besides the standard protocols to treat COVID-19 cases, anesthesiologists also have their own experience to treat COVID-19 cases based on professional expertise and practice. Here, we propose some viewpoints to treat critically ill COIVD-19 patients from the perspective of anesthesiologists.