bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A avaliação de longo prazo de um sistema fotovoltaico integrado à edificação urbana e conectado à rede elétrica pública
Authors: Do Nascimento Lucas Rafael , Rüther Ricardo 
Published: July 2023

A geração fotovoltaica (FV) é uma fonte de energia elétrica que converte diretamente a energia do sol de forma silenciosa, não poluente e sem utilizar partes móveis. Isto faz esta fonte de energia uma alternativa extremamente confiável e robusta, com baixa necessidade de operação, manutenção e reposição (OM&R). A confiabilidade associada aos geradores FV envolve todos os componentes do sistema, sejam eles: módulos FV, condutores, caixas de junção, inversores, dispositivos de proteção e sistemas de aquisição de dados. Todos estes itens são sujeitos a falhas e sua vida útil está muito relacionada às características climáticas de onde estes se encontram instalados, além das influências elétricas do próprio sistema FV, como da rede elétrica. Módulos FV possuem garantia de sua potência nominal de tipicamente 20 a 30 anos. Os fabricantes, devido à grande capacidade instalada de seu produto, além de extensos testes realizados em laboratório, podem a princípio garantir que os módulos FV irão se comportar dentro dos padrões indicados em seus contratos de garantia. Fabricantes de equipamentos normalmente se amparam em testes de MTBF - Mean time between failures (tempo médio entre falhas) para prever a frequência de falhas de seus produtos. Diversos parâmetros de OM&R utilizados no dimensionamento e análise econômica dos sistemas FV são tipicamente fornecidos pelos fabricantes dos equipamentos além dos resultados apresentados na literatura. Muitas vezes alguns parâmetros de desempenho são negligenciados na simulação da avaliação do sistema. Os principais parâmetros utilizados são: degradação do módulo FV ao longo dos anos; indisponibilidade do sistema em função de falhas no gerador, inversor ou rede elétrica; vida útil dos inversores; limpeza do sistema em função do acúmulo de sujeira nos módulos, temperatura operacional, distribuição espectral da radiação local, entre outros. Grande parte dos sistemas FV utilizados como estudo de caso para determinação dos parâmetros de OM&R de um sistema são instalados em regiões que não apresentam as mesmas características climáticas experimentadas por sistemas FV instalados no Brasil. Neste caso, a utilização de tais parâmetros pode levar a incertezas na expectativa de geração de energia e avaliação econômica do sistema FV. Este trabalho avalia os dados provenientes dos 15 anos de operação ininterrupta do primeiro sistema FV integrado a uma edificação instalado no Brasil. O gerador FV de 2kWp instalado em Florianópolis opera desde setembro de 1997 e é composto por 54 módulos opacos e 14 módulos semitransparentes de silício amorfo a-Si de junção dupla. Foram levantados, a partir dos dados medidos pelo sistema, os principais parâmetros relacionados a OM&R de um gerador FV integrado a uma edificação e interligado à rede elétrica. Foram avaliados, ainda, dados históricos de irradiação solar incidente no plano do sistema fotovoltaico.
Desarrollo de sensores solares en argentina, aplicaciones terrestres y espaciales
Authors: Bogado Mónica Martínez , Tamasi Mariana , Bolzi Claudio , Raggio Daniel 
Published: July 2023

En el año 1998 se inició en la Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) el desarrollo de radiómetros fotovoltaicos de bajo costo, utilizando como elemento sensor celdas fotovoltaicas de silicio cristalino fabricadas en el Laboratorio Fotovoltaico del Departamento Energía Solar del Centro Atómico Constituyentes. Se diseñaron, fabricaron y calibraron distintos prototipos para analizar el comportamiento de estos sensores y evaluar sus limitaciones. Actualmente se han distribuido en distintos laboratorios del país prototipos comerciales para su evaluación final en campo. Los sensores fabricados tienen tanto aplicaciones terrestres como espaciales en satélites artificiales. En particular, el primer experimento de celdas solares argentinas en el espacio, a bordo del satélite SAC-A, incluyó la fabricación de los sensores de posición del satélite que formaban parte del sistema de orientación del satélite respecto al Sol. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo y estado actual de los sensores fotovoltaicos de silicio monocristalino fabricados en la CNEA, así como sus aplicaciones espaciales y terrestres.
Degradação induzida pelo potencial em módulos fotovoltaicos
Authors: Figueiredo Gilberto , Zilles Roberto 
Published: July 2023

Este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar as definições sobre o fenômeno da Degradação Induzida pelo Potencial (do inglês PID – Potential Induced Degradation), que pode afetar certas tecnologias de módulos fotovoltaicos em geradores de médio e grande porte operando com tensões elevadas. O efeito, que pode ser completamente reversível, tem ocorrido em algumas centrais pelo mundo e não é facilmente perceptível, pois, dependendo do nível de degradação, pode ser confundido com o desgaste natural do gerador. O fenômeno, apesar de recente, tem tomado a atenção de pesquisadores em diversos artigos científicos. Neste trabalho são apresentados os efeitos do fenômeno em diferentes níveis do sistema, além das soluções para diagnosticar e reverter o efeito no módulo afetado e mitigar a perda de desempenho sofrida pelo sistema FV como um todo. Por fim, apresentam-se alguns resultados de ensaios de módulos FV em laboratório de acordo com a normativa IEC vigente.
MICROGERAÇÃO FOTOVOLTAICA CONECTADA À REDE ELÉTRICA: O QUE MUDOU COM A RESOLUÇÃO NORMATIVA Nº 687 DA AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA – ANEEL
Authors: Rios Igor , Rios Erik 
Published: July 2023

É notório que esta é uma época de grandes transformações no que se refere à sustentabilidade epreservação do meio ambiente. No que tange a geração de energia, este contexto fica ainda mais acentuado, visto que a matriz energética mundial ainda é balizada por fontes poluidoras de energia. A comunidade internacional está se mobilizando em reduzir a emissão dos gases causadores do efeito estufa e para isso propõe-se uma diversificação maior na matriz energética em busca de fontes renováveis de energia, a energia "limpa". O presente trabalho visa demonstrar como o Brasil conseguiu derrubar barreiras legais que impediam a proliferação da chamada Geração Distribuída, mais especificamente a geração de energia fotovoltaica. Apresenta-se o que mudou com a implantação da Resolução 482 da ANEEL e as melhorias que a revisão desta, a Resolução 687, veio a corroborar no incentivo a geração de energia distribuída. Além disso, apresenta-se quais as dificuldades e bloqueios que ainda persistem. Podese concluir que mesmo com melhora do cenário brasileiro, com a publicação de resoluções da ANEEL e normas deincentivo a geração de energia fotovoltaica, ainda há muitos desafios e barreiras a serem vencidas.
ESTUDO DE CASO DE UM SISTEMA FOTOVOLTAICO INSTALADO NO CAMPUS DA UNICAMP EM DIFERENTES SOFTWARES DE SIMULAÇÃO
Authors: Vieira Machado Gilson Mário , De Souza Silva João Lucas , Soeiro Moreira Hugo , Do Nascimento Vargas Tiane , Cerbatto Schmitt Prym Guilherme , Pinheiro Lima Geyciane , Gradella Villalva Marcelo 
Published: July 2023

A energia solar fotovoltaica (FV) tem se destacado com um crescimento exponencial na matriz energética brasileira, e devido a isso vem recebendo grandes investimentos em pesquisa. Na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, o Projeto Campus Sustentável efetuou a instalação de 11 plantas FV, distribuídas em diferentes edificações da universidade, com o objetivo de realizar pesquisas na região de Campinas - Brasil. Dessa forma, este artigo apresenta o resultado de simulações da planta FV de uma das instalações FV, a Escola de Extensão da Unicamp (Extecamp), que possui potência instalada de 22,95 kWp. A simulação foi realizada em diferentes softwares visando obter dados para análises futuras e verificar se a instalação FV funciona como projetado. Para isso, foram utilizados os softwares HelioScope, PV*SOL e PVsyst para as simulações, e em seguida comparados os resultados com os meses contendo os valores de geração real da planta FV. Como resultado, as três simulações apresentaram desempenho satisfatório, com geração próxima aos valores de monitoramento da planta real. Portanto, a planta FV está funcionando conforme projetada, e as principais características dos três softwares foram apresentadas como contribuição do artigo.
SỬ DỤNG THÍ NGHIỆM TRONG DẠY HỌC NỘI DUNG CẢM ỨNG, SINH TRƯỞNG VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN - SINH HỌC 11 NHẰM PHÁT TRIỂN NĂNG LỰC THỰC NGHIỆM CHO HỌC SINH
Authors: Đỗ Thành Trung  
Published: July 2023

Sinh học là một môn khoa học thực nghiệm, việc sử dụng thí nghiệm trong dạy học Sinh học là một phương pháp tích cực nhằm phát triển năng lực thực nghiệm, rèn luyện kĩ năng làm thí nghiệm và phát triển tư duy khoa học, tư duy nghiên cứu khoa học đồng thời hình thành được kiến thức Sinh học. Nghiên cứu này có mục tiêu tập trung đưa ra các nguyên tắc sưu tầm, lựa chọn và quy trình sử dụng thí nghiệm trong dạy học các nội dung Cảm ứng, sinh trưởng và phát triển – Sinh học 11. Kết quả nghiên cứu làm cơ sở cho việc nâng cao năng lực thực nghiệm cho học sinh.
Comparative study of the cardiovascular system of the long-livers in the population of Lankaran Region
Authors: Hüseynova S.İ. 
Published: July 2023

Tədqiqatda Azərbaycan Respublikasının Lənkəran rayonunda yaşayan uzunömürlülər müayinə olunmuşdur. Alınmış nəticələr göstərdi ki, uzunömürlülərdə güclü adaptiv kompensator və genetik faktorlar hesabına patolji və invalyusion dəyişikliklər letal sonluğa gətirib çıxarmır. Bu özünü həm arterial təzyiqin (AT), həm də ürək döyüntülərinin sayının (ÜDS) tənzimlənməsində göstərir. Yaşla əlaqədar kardiovaskulyar dəyişikliklər tədrici fizioloji qocalmanın əsas göstəricisi və ürək damar sisteminin funksional ehtiyatlarının və adaptasiya imkanlarının qorunub saxlanmasının göstəricisidir ki, bu da tədqiq olunan üzünömürlülərin 30 %-də qeydə alınırdı. Uzunömürlülərin yaxın qohumlarında irsi faktor özünü daha qabarıq göstərir, belə ki, eyni ekoloji şəraitdə yaşamaqlarına baxmayaraq kontrol qrupa nisbətən daha güclü adaptasiya imkanlarına malikdirlər.
The studies were carried out on long-lived people living in the Lankaran region of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The results of the monitoring showed that pathological and involutional changes caused by strong adaptive-compensatory and genetic factors in long-lived people didn't lead to death. This was reflected in the regulation of both blood pressure and heart rate. Cardiovascular changes associated with aging are the main indicator of gradual physiological aging and preservation of the functional resources and adaptive capacities of the cardiovascular system, which are recorded in 30% of long-lived people. Close relatives of long-livers have a hereditary factor that is brighter since they have the same relative adaptive capacity compared to the control group, despite the fact that they live in the same ecologically clean environment.
Effect of hypoxic preconditioning on lactate dehydrogenase activity in the brain of albino rats exposed to prenatal hypoxia
Authors: Rəşidova A.M. 
Published: July 2023

Laktatdehidrogenaza fermentinin (LDH; L-lactate: NAD oxidoreductase, EK 1.1.1.27) fəallığının dinamikası prenatal inkişafda əvvəlcədən hipoksik prekondisionlaşmış, sonra isə kəskin 5%-li hipoksiyaya məruz qalmış ağ siçovulların baş beyin nahiyələrində postnatal ontogenezdə müqayisəli şəkildə təyin dilmişdir. Alınan nəticələr göstərir ki, hipoksiyanın təsirinə cavab olaraq postnatal dövrün müddəti uzandıqca fermentin fəallığının kontrol göstəricilərinə uyğun bərpası baş vermir. Statistik hesablamalara görə, fermentin fəallığı yalnız 5%-li hipoksiyanın təsirindən sonra alınan göstəricilərdən bir neçə dəfə aşağı, kontrol ilə müqayisədə isə nisbətən yüksək olmuşdur. Fərz etmək olar ki, hipoksik prekondisionlaşma üsulunun tətbiqi kəskin hipoksiyanın mənfi təsirinə qarşı beynin enerji mübadiləsində müəyyən protektor rolunu reallaşdıra bilmişdir.Lactate dehydrogenase activity was determined in a comparative aspect at 17, 30, and 90 days of postnatal development in the brain structures of white rats that were prenatally exposed to preconditioned hypoxia, then to 5% hypoxia. As the date show with the prolongation of postnatal development period, the restoration of the enzyme activity to the control level did not take place in response to hypoxia. According to the date obtained, the enzyme activity turned out to be several times lower than after exposure to hypoxia of only 5% and higher than in control values. One can assume that application of preconditioned hypoxia played the role of a protector in the energy metabolism of the brain in hypoxia.
The activity of enzymes of glutamate metabolism in the brain following exposure to prenatal hypoxia of varying severity
Authors: Хаирова В.Р. , Гадирова Л.Б. 
Published: July 2023

В работе исследовалось влияние пренатальной гипоксии различной степени тяжести на активность ключевых ферментов глутаматного обмена – глутаминазы и глутаминсинтетазы в различных областях мозга крыс. Была выявлена обратная корреляция в активности ферментов глутамат-глутаминового цикла в большом мозге потомства крыс, переживших влияние различных режимов гипоксического воздействия в период органогенеза пренатального развития. На фоне снижения активности глутаминсинтетазы отмечается повышение активности глутаминазы в структурах большого мозга 17-дневных крысят. Причем, характер изменения ферментативной активности зависит от степени тяжести гипоксического воздействия. Следовательно, пренатальная гипоксия приводит к нарушению метаболизма глутамата в большом мозге и создает условия для его накопления в нервных клетках. Данные нарушения, возможно, обусловлены изменениями механизмов обратного захвата и утилизации глутамата или повреждением структуры ферментов, и приводят в итоге к нарушениям глутаматергической передачи.
The effect of prenatal hypoxia of varying severity on the activity of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase in various rat brain regions was studied in this work. The study revealed an inverse correlation in the activity of enzymes of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain of rat offspring that survived the influence of hypoxic exposure in various severity during the period of organogenesis of prenatal development. Against the background of a decrease in glutamine synthetase activity, an increase in glutaminase activity in the brain structures of 17-day-old rat pups was noted. Moreover, the nature of the change in enzymatic activity depended on the severity of the hypoxic influence. Consequently, prenatal hypoxia led to disruption of the metabolism of glutamate in the brain and created conditions for its accumulation in nerve cells. These disorders are possibly caused by changes in the mechanisms of reuptake and utilization of glutamate or damage enzyme’s structure and ultimately led to disturbances in glutamatergic transmission.
ผลของสารสกัดบอระเพ็ดต่อการลดไข้ ปริมาณเกล็ดเลือด และชีวเคมีของเลือดในหนูวิสตาร์
Authors: ศุภกิจเจริญกุล พงษ์พิทักษ์ , ยะมา ศราวุธ , โพธิชัย กรวีร์ , อรุโณรัตน์ จิรภัทธ , ยี่หวา รัญชนา , ศิริลุน ศศิธร , ยศวิมลวัฒน์ ทรงวุฒิ , ศิริสะอาด พาณี , จารุมณี สุพร 
Published: July 2023

บอระเพ็ด (Boraphet: Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thomson) เป็นพืชที่พบในแถบเอเชียกลาง และเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ แพทย์แผนโบราณในหลายประเทศ รวมทั้งประเทศไทย มีการนำส่วนของเถา รากและใบ ใช้ในการบำบัดรักษาโรคหลายอย่าง เช่น ต้านการอักเสบ ลดไข้ ลดระดับน้ำตาลในเลือด กระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกัน ต้านมาลาเรีย ต้านแบคทีเรีย ต้านมะเร็ง และเจริญอาหาร เป็นต้น การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาการลดไข้ของสารสกัดบอระเพ็ดด้วยเอทานอลและน้ำ ผลต่อปริมาณเกล็ดเลือดและค่าชีวเคมีของเลือดในหนูวิสตาร์ โดยเก็บตัวอย่างเลือดก่อนการทดลอง 72 ชั่วโมง ในการทดสอบฤทธิ์ลดไข้ หนูทดลองถูกกระตุ้นให้เกิดไข้ด้วยวัคซีนคอตีบ บาดทะยัก และไอกรน (Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis: DTP) เมื่อเกิดไข้หนูจะได้รับสารสกัดปริมาณเทียบเท่ากับผงบอระเพ็ด 30, 90 และ 270 มก. ต่อน้ำหนักตัว 1 กก. โดยให้ทางปาก จากนั้นวัดไข้ทางทวารหนักทุก 30 นาที จนครบ 240 นาที แล้วเก็บตัวอย่างเลือดอีกครั้งหลังจากครบเวลา ผลการศึกษาวิจัยนี้ พบว่าสารสกัดบอระเพ็ดด้วยเอทานอล ขนาด 30, 90, 270 มก. ต่อน้ำหนักตัว 1 กก. มีค่าเฉลี่ยในการลดไข้เท่ากับ 1.62±0.33, 1.68±0.51 และ 1.48±0.32°C ตามลำดับ ในขณะที่สารสกัดบอระเพ็ดด้วยน้ำ ทั้งสามความเข้มข้น มีค่าเฉลี่ยในการลดไข้เท่ากับ 1.18±0.19, 1.14±0.31 และ 1.32±0.36°C ตามลำดับ ทั้งนี้ กลุ่มควบคุมบวก ที่ได้รับพาราเซตามอลและไอบูโปรเฟน มีค่าเฉลี่ยในการลดไข้ เท่ากับ 1.62±0.78 และ 1.48±0.18°C ตามลำดับ และกลุ่มควบคุมลบมีค่าเฉลี่ยในการลดไข้ 0.96±0.31°C นอกจากนี้ พบว่ากลุ่มหนูวิสตาร์ที่ได้รับสารสกัดบอระเพ็ดมีปริมาณเกล็ดเลือดก่อนและหลังการทดลองไม่แตกต่างจากกลุ่มควบคุม และผลวิเคราะห์ชีวเคมีของเลือดไม่แตกต่างจากกลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ โดยพบว่าหนูวิสตาร์ที่ได้รับสารสกัดบอระเพ็ดด้วยน้ำขนาด 270 มก. ต่อน้ำหนักตัว 1 กก. มีค่าเอนไซม์ AST เพิ่มขึ้นเล็กน้อย และค่าเอนไซม์ ALT หลังได้รับสารสกัดมีค่าเพิ่มขึ้นแต่ไม่แตกต่างกับกลุ่มควบคุม อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ สามารถสรุปได้ว่าสารสกัดบอระเพ็ดด้วยเอทานอลมีประสิทธิผลในการลดไข้ได้ดีกว่าสารสกัดด้วยน้ำ และไม่แตกต่างกับกลุ่มควบคุมบวกอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ ในขณะที่ปริมาณเกล็ดเลือดและค่าชีวเคมีของเลือดในกลุ่มทดลองไม่แตกต่างจากกลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p>0.05)
Hubungan Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Kerinci
Authors: Budaya Indra , Herlina Vivi 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan Dukungan Organisasi dengan Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Pada Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Kerinci. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Kuantitatif, karena peneliti menginginkan pengukuran antara Variabele X dan Y. Sampel dalam penelitian ini 35 orang. Teknik yang di gunakan dalam penentuan responden adalah sampling jenuh sedangakan instrument penelitian berupa kuisioner. Teknik analisis penggunaan uji hipotesis, dengan hasil penelitian dapat dilihat 3.1285 > 2.0345sehingga Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Artinya bahwa dukungan orgainsasi mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Pada Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Kerinci.
Monedas sociales y economía circular. Sinergias, retos y oportunidades para España
Authors: Tezanos Vázquez Sergio , Ávila Sánchez Manuel 
Published: July 2023

Vivimos en un planeta con recursos finitos y con una capacidad también finita de asimilación de residuos. De ahí el reto ineludible que afronta España -y el resto de países- de hacer más circular y sostenible su economía. Este es el camino que nos marcan la Agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible y El Pacto Verde Europeo. Y así se recoge en la estrategia España circular 2030. Pero, dada la colosal dimensión de esta transición ecológica, es imprescindible que las Administraciones Públicas sumen aliados hasta ahora inexplorados, como son las “monedas sociales”. Dichas monedas son experiencias económicas alternativas que pretenden dinamizar la economía local y que pueden ayudar eficazmente a reducir la huella ecológica de sus usuarios.En esta investigación constatamos que existen sinergias entre las monedas sociales y la economía circular, pero que dichas sinergias han sido desconsideradas en la estrategia España Circular 2030. La principal causa de esta desconsideración es que la Administración central desconoce las monedas sociales, lo que se ve agravado por el hecho de que en España estas monedas tienen poco arraigo, son muy heterogéneas, están insuficientemente coordinadas y no suelen contar con la confianza de las administraciones locales.
Middle Ordovician trilobites from the Castillejo Formation, Eastern Iberian Range (NE Spain): taxonomic reappraisal, biostratigraphy, and correlation
Authors: Romero Sara , Gutiérrez-Marco Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2023

Middle Ordovician trilobites found in 11 fossil localities from the areas of Alpartir, Aladrén, Luesma and Fombuena (Zaragoza province), and south of Calamocha (Teruel province) are studied. Most records come from the Alpartir Member of the Castillejo Formation, which is dated as Dobrotivian in age (late Darriwilian according to the global scale), with the only exception of two localities that are slightly older, from late Oretanian age (mid−late Darriwilian). In the overlying Sierra Member, three additional localities are recorded, which have estimated age ranges from late early to late Dobrotivian (latest Darriwilian, possibly reaching the Sandbian). A total of 21 different trilobite species were identified including Uralichas hispanicus, Parabarrandia crassa and “Panderia” beaumonti that are recorded for the first time in the Eastern Iberian Range. The main trilobite assemblage from the Alpartir Member belongs to the Placoparia tournemini Biozone, which correlates with numerous areas of southwestern Europe, and here occurs in a biofacies dominated by asaphids. The scarce data derived from the Sierra Member do not allow to distinguish biozones, although the incipient development of a trilobite biofacies adapted to sandy bottoms is recognized, which ends at the top of the Placoparia borni Biozone in the whole of southwestern Europe. The correlation of the trilobite assemblages with those of other formations represented in the Cantabrian, West Asturian-leonese and Central Iberian zones is also discussed, the latter probably related through the enigmatic Central Iberian Arc, a debated orocline of the Iberian Massif.
Identifying metabolic features of colorectal cancer liability using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Bull Caroline , Hazelwood Emma , Bell Joshua A , Tan Vanessa , Constantinescu Andrei-Emil , Borges Carolina , Legge Danny , Burrows Kimberley , Huyghe Jeroen R , Brenner Hermann , Castellvi-Bel Sergi , Chan Andrew T , Kweon Sun-Seog , Le Marchand Loic , Li Li , Cheng Iona , Pai Rish K , Figueiredo Jane C , Murphy Neil , Gunter Marc J , Timpson Nicholas J , Vincent Emma E 
Published: July 2023

Background:Recognizing the early signs of cancer risk is vital for informing prevention, early detection, and survival.Methods:To investigate whether changes in circulating metabolites characterize the early stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) development, we examined the associations between a genetic risk score (GRS) associated with CRC liability (72 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and 231 circulating metabolites measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 6221). Linear regression models were applied to examine the associations between genetic liability to CRC and circulating metabolites measured in the same individuals at age 8 y, 16 y, 18 y, and 25 y.Results:The GRS for CRC was associated with up to 28% of the circulating metabolites at FDR-P < 0.05 across all time points, particularly with higher fatty acids and very-low- and low-density lipoprotein subclass lipids. Two-sample reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses investigating CRC liability (52,775 cases, 45,940 controls) and metabolites measured in a random subset of UK Biobank participants (N = 118,466, median age 58 y) revealed broadly consistent effect estimates with the GRS analysis. In conventional (forward) MR analyses, genetically predicted polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were most strongly associated with higher CRC risk.Conclusions:These analyses suggest that higher genetic liability to CRC can cause early alterations in systemic metabolism and suggest that fatty acids may play an important role in CRC development.Funding:This work was supported by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol, the Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Council, Diabetes UK, the University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This work used the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol - http://www.bristol.ac.uk/acrc/.