bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New weighted BERT features and multi-CNN models to enhance the performance of MOOC posts classification
Authors: El-Rashidy Mohamed A. , Farouk Ahmed , El-Fishawy Nawal A. , Aslan Heba K. , Khodeir Nabila A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLearning is an essential requirement for humans, and its means have evolved. Ten years ago, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) were introduced, attracting many interests and learners. MOOCs provide forums for learners to interact with instructors and to express any problems they encounter in the educational process. However, MOOCs have a high dropout rate due to the difficulties of following up on learners' posts and identifying the urgent ones to react quickly. This research aims to assist instructors in automatically identifying urgent posts, making it easier to respond to such posts rapidly, increasing learner engagement, and improving course completion rate. In this paper, we propose a novel classification model for identifying urgent posts. The proposed model consists of four stages. In the first stage, the post-text is code-encoded and vectorized using a pre-trained BERT model. In the second stage, a novel feature aggregation model is proposed to reveal data-based relationships between token features and their representation in a higher-level feature. In the third stage, a novel model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed to reveal the meaning of a text context more accurately. In the last stage, the extracted composite features are used to classify the text of the post. Several experimental studies were conducted to get the best performance of the proposed stages of the system. The experimental results demonstrated the architectural efficiency of the proposed feature aggregation and multiple CNN models, as well as the accuracy of the proposed system compared to the current research.
HINT: a hierarchical interval index for Allen relationships
Authors: Christodoulou George , Bouros Panagiotis , Mamoulis Nikos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndexing intervals is a fundamental problem, finding a wide range of applications, most notably in temporal and uncertain databases. We propose HINT, a novel and efficient in-memory index for range selection queries over interval collections. HINT applies a hierarchical partitioning approach, which assigns each interval to at most two partitions per level and has controlled space requirements. We reduce the information stored at each partition to the absolutely necessary by dividing the intervals in it, based on whether they begin inside or before the partition boundaries. In addition, our index includes storage optimization techniques for the effective handling of data sparsity and skewness. We show how HINT can be used to efficiently process queries based on Allen’s relationships. Experiments on real and synthetic interval sets of different characteristics show that HINT is typically one order of magnitude faster than existing interval indexing methods.
Estimation of habit-related information from male voice data using machine learning-based methods
Authors: Yokoo Takaya , Hatano Ryo , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccording to a survey on the cause of death among Japanese people, lifestyle-related diseases (such as malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, and pneumonia) account for 55.8% of all deaths. Three habits, namely, drinking, smoking, and sleeping, are considered the most important factors associated with lifestyle-related diseases, but it is difficult to measure these habits autonomously and regularly. Here, we propose a machine learning-based approach for detecting these lifestyle habits using voice data. We used classifiers and probabilistic linear discriminant analysis based on acoustic features, such as mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs) and jitter, extracted from a speech dataset we developed, and an X-vector from a pre-trained ECAPA-TDNN model. For training models, we used several classifiers implemented in MATLAB 2021b, such as support vector machines, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and ensemble methods with some feature-projection options. Our results show that a cubic KNN method using acoustic features performs well on the sleep habit classification, while X-vector-based models perform well on smoking and drinking habit classifications. These results suggest that X-vectors may help estimate factors directly affecting the vocal cords and vocal tracts of the users (e.g., due to smoking and drinking), while acoustic features may help classify chronotypes, which might be informative with respect to the individuals’ vocal cord and vocal tract ultrastructure.
Assessing the interactions among factors affecting the light-weight deflectometer measurements
Authors: Kuttah Dina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany different factors can influence the outcomes of light-weight deflectometer (LWD) tests. Some of these factors are specific to the type of the used LWD, while others are related to the testing conditions. This paper summarizes the findings of a detailed investigation into the relationships between variables altering the measurements of the light-weight deflectometer test. Field testing was performed to investigate the effect of the sensing configuration (measurement of plate vs ground surface) and testing configuration (in terms of applied load magnitude, number of loadings, and moisture content). To accomplish this objective, a number of in situ LWD and moisture content investigations were conducted on two selected construction materials, namely, sandy subgrade soil and unbound granular material. Considering the multiple influencing factors involved in this study and the material dependency, relationships between the plate deformations and ground deformations could be developed, something which will help in overcoming the standardization problem of various LWD devices and their effect on the compaction control process.
Two-action task, testing imitative social learning in kea (Nestor notabilis)
Authors: Suwandschieff Elisabeth , Wein Amelia , Folkertsma Remco , Bugnyar Thomas , Huber Ludwig , Schwing Raoul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSocial learning is an adaptive way of dealing with the complexity of life as it reduces the risk of trial-and-error learning. Depending on the type of information acquired, and associations formed, several mechanisms within the larger taxonomy of social learning can be distinguished. Imitation is one such process within this larger taxonomy, it is considered cognitively demanding and is associated with high-fidelity response matching. The present study reproduced a 2002 study conducted by Heyes and Saggerson, which successfully illustrated motor imitation in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). In our study, eighteen kea (Nestor notabilis) that observed a trained demonstrator remove a stopper from a test box (1) took less time from hopping on the box to feeding (response duration) in session one and (2) were faster in making a vertical removal response on the stopper once they hopped on the box (removal latency) in session one than non-observing control group individuals. In contrast to the budgerigars (Heyes and Saggerson, Ani Behav. 64:851–859, 2002) the present study could not find evidence of motor imitation in kea. The results do illustrate, however, that there were strong social effects on exploration rates indicating motivational and attentional shifts. Furthermore, the results may suggest a propensity toward emulation in contrast to motor imitation or alternatively selectivity in the application of imitation.
The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine guidelines on non-mass abnormalities of the breast
Authors: Ito Toshikazu , Ueno Ei , Endo Tokiko , Omoto Kiyoka , Kuwajima Akira , Taniguchi Nobuyuki , Tsunoda Hiroko , Tohno Eriko , Hashimoto Hideyuki , Fujimoto Yasuhisa , Watanabe Takanori 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is possible to appropriately diagnose non-mass abnormalities by elucidating ultrasound non-mass abnormality findings and sharing the concept. If non-mass abnormalities can be diagnosed early, the number of curable cases could increase, leading to fewer breast cancer deaths. The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine (JSUM) Terminology/Diagnostic Criteria Committee has classified non-mass abnormalities into five subtypes: hypoechoic area in the mammary gland, abnormalities of the ducts, architectural distortion, multiple small cysts, and echogenic foci without a hypoechoic area. We herein define the findings for each of these subtypes and present a summary of the JSUM guidelines on non-mass abnormalities of the breast generated based on those findings.
Integrated Spatial Simulation of Population and Urban Land Use: a Pan-European Model Validation
Authors: Diogo Vasco , Jacobs-Crisioni Chris , Baranzelli Claudia , Lavalle Carlo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpatial models jointly simulating population and land-use change provide support for policy-making, by allowing to explore territorial developments under alternative scenarios and resulting impacts in the environment, economy and society. However, their ability to reproduce observed spatial patterns is rarely evaluated through model validation. This lack of insight prevents researchers and policy-makers of fully grasping the ability of existing models to provide sensible projections of future land use and population density. In this article, we address this gap by performing a model validation of the LUISA Territorial Modelling Platform, a spatial model jointly simulating population and land use at a fine resolution (100 m) in the European Union and United Kingdom. In particular, we compare observed and simulated patterns of population and urban residential land-use change for the period of 1990–2015, and evaluate the model performance according to different degrees of urbanisation. The results show that model performance can vary depending on the context, even when the same data and methods are uniformly applied. The model performed consistently well in urban areas characterized by compact urban growth, but poorly where residential development occurred predominantly in scattered patterns across rural areas. Overall, the model tends to favour the formation of densely populated, highly accessible urban conglomerations, which often do not entirely correspond to the observed patterns. Based on the validation results, we propose directions for further model improvement and development. Model validation should be regarded as a critical step, and an integral part, in the process of developing models for policy support.
Novel species discrimination method elucidates colony growth form variation between the New Zealand soft corals Kotatea aurantiaca and Kotatea lobata
Authors: Kessel Gustav M. , Alderslade Philip , Bilewitch Jaret P. , Schnabel Kareen E. , Gardner Jonathan P. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn New Zealand, Kotatea aurantiaca and Kotatea lobata are two common, endemic, co-occurring, and morphologically similar soft coral species that currently cannot be distinguished without microscopic examination of sclerites and of which little is known regarding any aspect of their ecology or biology. The aim of the present study is to ascertain if, and in what ways, their colony growth forms differ, and to test the taxonomic value of macroscopic morphological character measurements using statistical discrimination analyses. A binary logistic regression model is developed whereby macroscopic characters of colony morphology can be used to assign specimens to either species with ~ 90% accuracy. Species assignment accuracy is greatest when ratios formed from morphological measurements are used rather than direct measurements. Here, these ratios are used for the first time to account for the appearance-altering habit among soft corals of hydrostatically expanding and contracting their coelenteron with seawater. Relationships between colony morphology and depth are also examined, and it is suggested that phenotypic plasticity detected in K. lobata, causing it to resemble K. aurantiaca more closely at greater depths, may contribute to their morphological overlap. It is anticipated that this discrimination technique will facilitate future research on the ecology and biology of these species and will be replicated on other sets of morphologically similar soft corals for which species discrimination has been problematic.
OCTRA as ultrasonically absorptive thermal protection material for hypersonic transition suppression
Authors: Wartemann Viola , Wagner Alexander , Surujhlal Divek , Dittert Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious investigations in the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Göttingen (HEG) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) show that carbon fiber reinforced carbon ceramic (C/C) surfaces can be utilized to damp hypersonic boundary layer instabilities resulting in a delay of boundary layer transition onset. Numerical stability analyses confirmed these experimental results. However, C/C has some disadvantages, especially the limited oxidation resistance and its low mechanical strength, which could be critical during hypersonic flights. Thus, an ultrasonically absorptive fiber reinforced ceramic material based on a silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) was developed in the past years to fulfill this need. The present paper addresses the numerical rebuilding of the C/C-SiC absorber properties using impedance boundary conditions together with linear stability analysis. The focus of this paper is on the numerical comparison of the original C/C material and the improved C/C-SiC material, referred to as OCTRA in the literature. The influence on the second modes and the transition itself is investigated. The numerical results are compared with HEG wind tunnel tests. The wind tunnel model tested in HEG is a $$7^\circ$$

7
∘

half-angle blunted cone with an overall model length of about $$1.1 \,\textrm{m}$$

1.1

m

and a nose tip radius of 2.5 mm. These experiments were performed at Mach 7.5 and at different freestream unit Reynolds numbers.
Assessing the role of protected areas in the land-use change dynamics of a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Schmitz Marcelo Henrique , do Couto Edivando Vitor , Xavier Erick Caldas , Tomadon Leonardo da Silva , Leal Rodrigo Pedro , Agostinho Angelo Antonio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough protected areas (PAs) are designed to safeguard natural ecosystems from anthropic modifications, many PAs worldwide are subjected to numerous human-induced impacts. We evaluated whether the establishment of PAs in the Upper Paraná River floodplain region could reduce anthropic landscape changes and whether there is a difference in protection when using different PA restriction categories. We analyzed the overall landscape dynamics using 30 years of land-use time series data and evaluated the change intensity via a partial land-use intensity analysis. Despite the increasing landscape anthropization, the PAs seemed to relieve the general change process, protecting natural areas mainly from agricultural expansion. Concerning the degree of use restriction, more restricted protection led to less human-induced changes. Finally, accessing PA effectiveness is a multidisciplinary challenge for researchers; however, this knowledge is crucial to avoid misunderstandings or poorly crafted public policies or decisions that may harm the environment.
Discrete Wiener algebra in the bicomplex setting, spectral factorization with symmetry, and superoscillations
Authors: Alpay Daniel , Lewkowicz Izchak , Vajiac Mihaela 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper we present parallel theories on constructing Wiener algebras in the bicomplex setting. With the appropriate symmetry condition, the bicomplex matrix valued case can be seen as a complex valued case and, in this matrix valued case, we make the necessary connection between bicomplex analysis and complex analysis with symmetry. We also write an application to superoscillations in this case.
Technology and museum visitor experiences: a four stage model of evolution
Authors: Lu Siqi Emily , Moyle Brent , Reid Sacha , Yang Elaine , Liu Biqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch on technology and museum visitor experiences has experienced exponential growth. Despite this, limited studies explicitly examine existing progress in research on the intersection between technology and museum visitor experiences. Specifically, there is limited understanding of how topics studied, and the concepts, theories, models, and frameworks embedded within have evolved in congruence with the forms and types of technology integrated into museum research across time. Consequently, this paper applied a systematic quantitative approach to assess trends in research on technology and museum visitor experiences by critically examining 122 studies. Findings revealed a clear shift of the concepts studied, with early literature focused on basic concepts such as learning and interaction with technology. As the body of knowledge matured, other concepts such as intention and behaviour emerged in discourse, with contemporary literature exploring satisfaction, enjoyment, and virtual presence. Despite this, limited consistency in theories, models, and frameworks applied across time, which reflected a stagnation in stimulating critical discussions in the existing discourse. Furthermore, the forms and types of technology used in studies on museum visitor experiences have shifted from basic computer displays, through to innovative smart technology. This research provides the first attempt to holistically classify and synthesise the evolution of research on technology designed to enhance museum visitor experiences. Five types of technology in the museum sector and a Four Stage Model of Evolution consisting of (I) ICT Incubation; (II) Smart Technology Adoption; (III) ICT Transformation; and (IV) Futuristic Innovation were proposed, which demarcates the evolution of the body of knowledge.
Glacier monitoring using real-aperture 94 GHz radar
Authors: Harcourt William D. , Robertson Duncan A. , Macfarlane David G. , Rea Brice R. , Spagnolo Matteo , Benn Douglas I. , James Mike R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClose-range sensors are employed to observe glaciological processes that operate over short timescales (e.g. iceberg calving, glacial lake outburst floods, diurnal surface melting). However, under poor weather conditions optical instruments fail while the operation of radar systems below 17 GHz do not have sufficient angular resolution to map glacier surfaces in detail. This letter reviews the potential of millimetre-wave radar at 94 GHz to obtain high-resolution 3-D measurements of glaciers under most weather conditions. We discuss the theory of 94 GHz radar for glaciology studies, demonstrate its potential to map a glacier calving front and summarise future research priorities.
When Patients are Assailants: Valuing Occupational Risks in Health Care
Authors: Gentry Elissa P. , Viscusi W. Kip 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntentional violence against healthcare workers inflicts a physical and mental toll, motivating legislative proposals to better regulate these occupational risks. This article uses this context to address two novel issues for benefit assessment raised by injuries from assailants: potential heterogeneity in valuation based on the context of the injury risk and possible reductions in self-reported valuations when the exposed population has been trained to feel responsible for the risk. This article presents experimental evidence on workers’ preferences over the form of intervention: protection (risk reduction) or insurance (cost-sharing). The experiment also elicits worker valuations of occupational health care risks, calculating the value of a statistical injury (VSI), based on local wage-risk tradeoffs, in the general range of $200,000. Workers accord a premium to risk reductions that might eliminate the risk of injuries. Both the physical harm and the process by which the injury occurs may affect benefit assessments for the regulation of workplace violence. Non-healthcare participants require a $40,000 premium per expected injury resulting from intentional harm. While health care workers do not generally require such a premium, health care workers in clinical positions require more compensation to face occupational risks. Insurance coverage for monetary losses is more highly valued than protective measures for accidental harms, though there is no significant comparable preference for insurance against intentional harms. The results have important practical implications for addressing the concerning phenomenon of violence against healthcare workers, suggesting that expanding insurance compensation would be desirable, as would assigning an intentionality premium to intentional injuries.
The water cycle in Reccopolis
Authors: Martínez Jiménez Javier , Checa Herráiz Joaquín 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReccopolis was a new city built in Visigothic Spain in the late 6th c. CE. Even rarer than this example of anex novourban foundation in the post-Roman West is the fact that the city was equipped with a brand-new aqueduct. The aqueduct has, until now, only been partially studied, but in this paper we update and re-assess the original, preliminary results. We consider the city's whole water cycle, including usage and drainage, employing new engineering calculations and GIS analyses. The results show that the aqueduct was an integral part of the city. Finally, we set our conclusions within their wider context, looking not only at the roles of aqueducts in the ideal of a city at this time, but also at urban water culture in the Late Antique West.