bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender dynamics on Twitter during the 2020 U.S. Democratic presidential primary
Authors: King Catherine , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Twitter social network for each of the top five U.S. Democratic presidential candidates in 2020 was analyzed to determine if there were any differences in the treatment of the candidates. This data set was collected from discussions of the presidential primary between December 2019 through April 2020. It was then separated into five sets, one for each candidate. We found that the most discussed candidates, President Biden and Senator Sanders, received by far the most engagement from verified users and news agencies even before the Iowa caucuses, which was ultimately won by Mayor Buttigieg. The most popular candidates were also generally targeted more frequently by bots, trolls, and other aggressive users. However, the abusive language targeting the top two female candidates, Senators Warren and Klobuchar, included slightly more gendered and sexist language compared with the other candidates. Additionally, sexist slurs that ordinarily describe women were used more frequently than male slurs in all candidate data sets. Our results indicate that there may still be an undercurrent of sexist stereotypes permeating the social media conversation surrounding female U.S. presidential candidates.
Defining Trade Secrets in the United States: Past and Present Challenges – A Way Forward?
Authors: Nashkova Suzana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhen approaching an analysis of a particular area of law, one must initially locate and understand the definition of its core concept. Yet in trade secret law serious obstacles impede the process. Unlike other intellectual property (IP) regimes, such as copyright and patent law, the core concepts of which are subject to unitary definitions governed by international treaties or domestic statutes, the trade secret concept has received no parallel treatment and, until recently in the United States, remained mainly defined under common law. Subtle differences in the way trade secrets were judicially conceived often generated conflicts between courts, opening the door for the application of divergent rules on similar points. This confusing background prompted the individual U.S. jurisdictions to gradually orient towards implementing statutory provisions in defining trade secrets. Despite the fact that U.S. trade secret law has since seen several statutory interventions at state and federal level, the precise meaning and definitional parameters of the concept remain elusive. This paper probes the existing trade secret definitions applicable in the U.S. via analysis of the divergent sources of law that underscored their formulation from the past until the present and identifies the challenges pertinent to their application in practice. Its aim is to analyze and compare these legal sources: first, to determine whether the current definition for the concept of a trade secret is adequate, or whether perhaps the existence of the multi-tier system impedes a party’s ability to identify trade secrets in a cross-border context; and second, to investigate whether a unanimously accepted definition under a pre-emptive statute complementary to one under an elaborated internationally binding treaty might remedy this issue.
Characteristics and outcomes of hospital-acquired and community-acquired peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ling Chau Wei , Sud Kamal , Peterson Gregory , Fethney Judith , Van Connie , Patel Rahul , Zaidi Syed Tabish Razi , Castelino Ronald 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Peritonitis remains a significant complication of peritoneal dialysis. However, there is limited information on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital-acquired peritonitis compared to community-acquired peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Furthermore, the microbiology and outcomes of community-acquired peritonitis may vary from hospital-acquired peritonitis. Therefore, the aim was to gather and analyse data to address this gap.

Methods
Retrospective review of the medical records of all adult patients on peritoneal dialysis within the peritoneal dialysis units in four university teaching hospitals in Sydney, Australia, who developed peritonitis between January 2010 and November 2020. We compared the clinical characteristics, microbiology and outcomes of community-acquired peritonitis and hospital-acquired peritonitis. Community acquired peritonitis was defined as the development of peritonitis in the outpatient setting. Hospital-acquired peritonitis was defined as: (1) developed peritonitis anytime during hospitalisation for any medical condition other than peritonitis, (2) diagnosed with peritonitis within 7 days of hospital discharge and developed symptoms of peritonitis within 3 days of the hospital discharge.

Results
Overall, 904 episodes of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis were identified in 472 patients, of which 84 (9.3%) episodes were hospital-acquired. Patients with hospital-acquired peritonitis had lower mean serum albumin levels compared to those with community-acquired peritonitis(22.95 g/L vs. 25.76 g/L, p = 0.002). At the time of diagnosis, lower median peritoneal effluent leucocyte and polymorph counts were observed with hospital-acquired peritonitis compared to community-acquired peritonitis (1236.00/mm3 vs. 3183.50/mm3, p < 0.01 and 1037.00/mm3 vs. 2800.00/mm3, p < 0.01, respectively). Higher proportions of peritonitis due to Pseudomonas spp. (9.5% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.020) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (2.4% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.009), lower rates of complete cure (39.3% vs. 61.7%, p < 0.001), higher rates of refractory peritonitis (39.3% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001) and higher all-cause mortality within 30 days of peritonitis diagnosis (28.6% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001) were observed in the hospital-acquired peritonitis group compared to the community-acquired peritonitis group, respectively.

Conclusions
Despite having lower peritoneal dialysis effluent leucocyte counts at the time of diagnosis, patients with hospital-acquired peritonitis had poorer outcomes, including lower rates of complete cure, higher rates of refractory peritonitis and higher rates of all-cause mortality within 30 days of diagnosis, compared to those with community-acquired peritonitis.

Graphic abstract
Disrupting the cycle of youth violence: The role of social support for youth in a Northern Irish Youth Work Programme
Authors: Walsh Colm 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Youth violence is a significant concern and previous research has found that violence is both trauma inducing and violence inducing. Meta-analyses have demonstrated that peri-trauma contextual factors such as the presence or absence of social supports following the onset of trauma may be predictive of the onset and duration of psychological stress. The aim of this study is to build upon the existing research evidence to clarify the links between social support, psychological stress and physical violence among a cross-section of youth living in high-violence areas of Northern Ireland. Participants were a sample of 10–25-year-olds (N = 635) who participated in a targeted youth work programme in Northern Ireland. This study conducted a mediation analysis, entering social support as the independent variable, psychological distress as the mediator and self-reported violence as the outcome variable. Violent victimisation was entered as a covariate in the analysis. After controlling for violent victimisation, social support operates through psychological stress to influence the risk of physical violence. Social support may contribute to reductions in psychological stress and thus buffer against the risks of living in areas of elevated community violence. Specialist youth work approaches may provide an opportunity to reduce psychological stress and thus help to mitigate the risk of further violence. Combined, these insights provide opportunities for harm reduction and prevention. At the same time, these findings advance our understanding of the distinct mechanisms of change involved in youth work-led violence prevention efforts.
Coupling of Liquid and Surface Chemistry in Urea SCR Systems
Authors: Kuntz Christian , Jägerfeld Paul Jakob , Mmbaga Joe , Hayes Robert E. , Deutschmann Olaf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClose-coupled selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are one method to deal with tightening emission legislation for NOxin internal combustion engines. Due to smaller mixing sections and at unfavourable boundary conditions, however, urea-water solution (UWS) droplets can impact on the SCR catalyst itself. To investigate this phenomenon further, this work develops a modeling capability of this process. Established mechanism for NH3-SCR and HNCO hydrolysis from literature is integrated into DETCHEMCHANNELand a 2D COMSOL model to simulate the influence in the SCR Channel. Simulations are validated against end-of-pipe experiments from literature and spatially resolved concentration profiles from a hot gas test rig with very good agreement. Finally, a channel simulation is coupled with a model to describe the catalytic decomposition of an urea droplet. The coupled simulation is able to simulate the influence of UWS droplet impact onto a catalyst channel. Fast droplet decomposition causes a peak in NH3and HNCO in the single channel and thus increases NOxconversion. However, the overall uniformity and efficiency are decreased, which is why droplet impact on the catalyst should be strictly avoided.
Standardisation efforts of ISO/TC 261 “additive manufacturing” 20th plenary meeting of ISO/TC 261 “additive manufacturing”
Authors: Pei Eujin , Seidel Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe main objective of ISO/TC 261 is to standardise the processes of additive manufacturing, the process chains (Data, Materials, Processes, Hard- and Software, Applications), test procedures, quality parameters, supply agreements, environment, health and safety, fundamentals and vocabularies. This section provides readers with news regarding standardisation efforts of ISO/TC 261. Further up-to-date information regarding recently published documents, such as new standards and revised standards, the status of standards can be found in the ISO/TC261 webpages: https://www.iso.org/committee/629086.html and the committee webpages: https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc261/home/news.html.
Modular forms on $${{\,\textrm{SU}\,}}(2,1)$$ with weight $$\frac{1}{3}$$
Authors: Freitag Eberhard , Hill Richard M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this note, we describe several new examples of holomorphic modular forms on the group $${{\,\textrm{SU}\,}}(2,1)$$

SU

(
2
,
1
)

. These forms are distinguished by having weight $$\frac{1}{3}$$

1
3

. We also describe a method for determining the levels at which one should expect to find such fractional weight forms.
Integrated Inverse Dynamics and Optimized Mechanical Design in Underactuated Linear Vibratory Feeders Under Periodic Excitation
Authors: Bettega Jason , Richiedei Dario , Tamellin Iacopo , Trevisani Alberto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This paper proposes an integrated method for optimizing the response of underactuated linear vibratory feeders operating in open-loop control, under generic periodic excitations. The goal is ensuring a uniform motion of the tray, despite the presence of less actuators than degrees of freedom and of several specifications of the desired motion.

Method
To cope with the underactuated nature of these systems and with their non-minimum phase behavior, dynamic structural modification and the inverse dynamics approach are properly integrated by exploiting a common definition of the system internal dynamics. In the inverse dynamics problem, the inverse dynamics is stabilized through output redefinition and the resulting ordinary differential equations are integrated to compute causal actuation forces, ensuring almost-exact tracking for as many coordinates as the number of actuators. The tracking of the remaining coordinates of interest is improved through a proper design of the mechanical parameters, based on the modification of the internal dynamics.

Results
The effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed through numerical simulations performed on the challenging case of a 14-degrees of freedom underactuated non-minimum phase linear vibratory feeder adopted in manufacturing plants to convey products.

Conclusion
The results evidence the benefits obtained by integrating structural modification together with inverse dynamics. Inverse dynamics is effective, since the tracking error on the imposed coordinates is negligible. On the other hand, the benefits introduced by dynamic structural modification are proved as well, by the reduction of the tracking error also for the non-imposed coordinates.
Oxidative degradation of sulfafurazole drug by chromium trioxide in different acidic media: a kinetic and mechanistic study
Authors: Fawzy Ahmed , Fawzi Arwa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough antibiotics are fundamentally vital for treating human diseases, they became harmful to the ecosystem if they reach to the environment. Due to antibiotics are intensely vulnerable to oxidation, oxidation of antibiotics can be considered as a recognized tool for removal or degradation of antibiotics to save the humans and ecosystem. The existing research illuminates the kinetics of oxidative degradation of sulfafurazole antibiotic (SFZ) using chromium trioxide (CrO3) in both H2SO4 and HClO4 media. The reactions in both acidic media showed a 1: 1.33 ± 0.07 stoichiometry (SFZ: CrO3). The reliance of the rates of oxidation reactions on the reactants’ concentrations illuminated that the reactions were first order in [CrO3], whereas in [SFZ] and [H+], their orders were fractional-first and fractional-second, respectively. The rate of oxidation of SFZ in H2SO4 was discovered to be higher than that observed in HClO4. The oxidation rates were not influenced by the change in ionic strength (I) or dielectric constant (D). Addition of Cr(III) had not remarked effect on the rates. Free radical intervention tests were positive. The activation quantities were calculated then discussed. A conceivable mechanism of oxidation was anticipated. Furthermore, the rate-law expressions were also derived.
Survival Prediction Models for Ovarian Cancer Patients with Lung Metastasis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on SEER Database
Authors: Li Dingxi , Zhang Mengli , Zhang Huiying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo develop a random forest prediction model for the and short- and long-term survival of ovarian cancer patients with lung metastasis. This retrospective cohort study enrolled primary ovarian cancer patients with lung metastasis from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) database (2010–2015). All eligible women were randomly divided into the training (n = 1357) and testing set (n = 582). The outcomes were 1-, 3- and 5-year survival. Predictive factors were screened by random forest analysis. The prediction models for predicting the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival were conducted using the training set, and the internal validation was carried out by the testing set. The performance of the models was evaluated with area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV). The subgroups based on the pathological classification further assessed the model’s performance. Totally 1345 patients suffered from death within 5 years. The median follow-up was 7.00 (1.00, 21.00) months. Age at diagnosis, race, marital status, tumor size, tumor grade, TNM stage, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, bone metastasis, etc. were predictors. The AUCs of the prediction model for the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival in the testing set were 0.849 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.820–0.884], 0.789 (95% CI 0.753–0.826) and 0.763 (95% CI 0.723–0.802), respectively. The results of subgroups on different pathological classifications showed that the AUCs of the model were over 0.7. This random forest model performed well predictive ability for the short- and long-term survival of ovarian cancer patients with lung metastasis, which may be beneficial to identify high-risk individuals for intelligent medical services.
Surgical management outcome in Fistula-in-ano: A cross-sectional study in Ethiopia
Authors: Bejiga Gosa , Adilo Abebe , Genemo Endris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Fistula-in-ano (FIA) is an abnormal communication between the rectum or anal canal and the perineal skin. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment having variable outcomes which can be affected by different factors. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding this in our setup. We aimed to assess the management outcome of FIA and its associated factors among surgically treated patients from August 5, 2016, to July 23, 2021.

Methods
We conducted a tertiary hospital-based, cross-sectional study from December 1, 2021, to January 28, 2022, among 108 patients operated on for FIA. Data were collected by reviewing patients’ medical records. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were applied to analyze the data. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to assess the strength of associations. A p-value of 0.05 was taken as a cutoff. The outcome was labeled favorable if the treatment was successful and unfavorable if it failed.

Results
Of 108 participants, men were more affected, with a male-to-female ratio of 5.8:1. The median age was 34y. The magnitude of the operative failure with its 95%CI was 8.3% (3.6%–13.6%). The operative failure rate was high in those with a previous history of surgery, AOR 13.2; with 95%CI (2.4–73.6), and high FIA, AOR 10.9; with 95%CI (1.4–82.2).

Conclusions
High FIA and previous history of surgery were the factors associated with the surgical outcome of FIA. A future large-scale study is needed to identify other associated factors.

Highlights
Multi‐Model Subseasonal Prediction Skill Assessment of Water Vapor Transport Associated With Atmospheric Rivers Over the Western U.S.
Authors: Zhang Zhenhai , DeFlorio Michael J. , Delle Monache Luca , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Ralph F. Martin , Waliser Duane E. , Zheng Minghua , Guan Bin , Goodman Alexander , Molod Andrea M. , Vitart Frederic , Kumar Arun , Lin Hai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSubseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) forecasts of atmospheric rivers (ARs) are in high demand in the water supply management and flood control communities. This study focuses on a new metric, the accumulated water vapor transport associated with ARs, which is closely related to the winter precipitation over the western U.S., and provides a multi‐model S2S prediction skill assessment. The prediction skill is evaluated at lead time 1–4 weeks in four dynamical model hindcast data sets from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), and Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Three reanalysis data sets are used to evaluate the uncertainty of prediction skills related to the choice of references. The AR‐related water vapor transport is underestimated in ECMWF and ECCC over most of the investigated region, while its maximum has a southeastward shift in NCEP and GMAO at lead time 3–4 weeks. The root mean square error, anomaly correlation coefficient, and Brier skill score are calculated to quantify the prediction skill in both deterministic and probabilistic sense. At week‐3 lead time, the models have significant skill near the lower latitudes (<40°N) of the eastern North Pacific, extending northeastward to the California coastal area. Models have higher skills in forecasting no and strong AR cases than weak cases. The Madden–Julian Oscillation can modulate the prediction skill at week‐3 lead over central and Southern California, but with large uncertainties across models.
Automated Symbolic Upscaling: 1. Model Generation for Extended Applicability Regimes
Authors: Pietrzyk Kyle , Battiato Ilenia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn porous media theory, upscaling techniques are fundamental to deriving rigorous Darcy‐scale models for flow and reactive transport in subsurface systems. Due to limitations in classical techniques, a number of ad hoc approaches have been proposed to address physical regimes in which reactive time scales are similar to, or faster than, diffusive time scales. In Part 1 of this two part series, we present a strategy for expanding the applicability of classical homogenization theory by generalizing the assumed closure form. We detail the implementation of this strategy on two reactive mass transport problems with moderately reactive physics. The strategy produces nontrivial homogenized models with emergent terms and effective parameters that couple reactive, diffusive, and advective transport. The differences in equation forms between the macroscopic and pore‐scale descriptions advise caution to further studies where the forms of macroscopic equations are assumed, as opposed to rigorously derived. Numerical validation is provided for each problem to show that the error estimates of homogenization theory are satisfied, and to justify the implemented strategy. In Part 2, the presented strategy is automated using symbolic computing to expedite its implementation.
Depressive symptoms and mortality – effect variation by body mass index: a prospective study in a primary care population
Authors: Rantanen Ansa Talvikki , Kautiainen Hannu , Korhonen Päivi Elina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background/Objective
Pre-existing diseases have been found to affect the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality. However, psychiatric disorders common in general population have not been previously addressed. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of depressive symptoms and BMI with all-cause mortality.

Methods
A prospective cohort study in Finnish primary care setting was conducted. A population survey identified 3072 middle-aged subjects who had elevated cardiovascular risk. Subjects who attended clinical examination and completed Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) (n = 2509) were included in this analysis. Effect of depressive symptoms and BMI on all-cause mortality after 14 years follow-up was estimated in models adjusted for age, sex, education years, current smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and glucose disorders.

Results
When subjects with and without increased depressive symptoms were compared, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality in the BMI categories (<25.0, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, ≥35.0 kg/m2) were 3.26 (95% CI 1.83 to 5.82), 1.31 (95% CI 0.83 to 2.06), 1.27 (95% CI 0.76 to 2.11), and 1.25 (95% CI 0.63 to 2.48), respectively. The lowest risk of death was among non-depressive subjects who had BMI < 25.0 kg/m2.

Conclusions
Effect of increased depressive symptoms on all-cause mortality risk seems to vary with BMI. Elevated mortality risk is especially apparent among depressive subjects with normal weight. Among individuals with overweight and obesity, increased depressive symptoms seem not to further increase all-cause mortality.