bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phages prevent biofilm formation on catheters under flow
Authors: Bseikri Hoda , Michniewski Slawomir , Serrano Eduardo Goicoechea , Jameson Eleanor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiofilms pose a significant challenge in medical settings, leading to persistent infections. Phage therapy has shown promise in biofilm eradication, but its effectiveness under dynamic flow conditions remains unclear. Here we use two novel phages isolated onKlebsiella, Llofrudd and Samara, and characterized their genomes, host range and virulence. In this study, we built a simple catheterised bladder model with flow to investigate the impact of phage treatment on biofilm viability in a flow-based catheter model. Our analyses demonstrate that phages Llofrudd and Samara are the same species and infect a limited number of strains (3/222), but across three species:Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniaeandE. coli. Phage treatment significantly reducedE. colibiofilm viability in catheters both in static conditions and under flow, highlighting the potential of phage therapy as an intervention strategy for catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).
The influence of polarized membrane ion carriers and extracellular electrical/pH gradients on cell ionic homeostasis and locomotion
Authors: Li Yizeng , Sun Sean X. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnisotropic environmental signals or polarized membrane ion/solute carriers can generate spatially-varying intracellular gradients, leading to polarized cell dynamics. For example, directional migration of neutrophils, galvanotaxis of glioblastoma, and water flux in kidney cells, all result from the polarized distribution of membrane ion carriers and other intracellular components. The underlying physical mechanisms behind how polarized ion carriers interact with environmental signals are not well studied. Here, we use a physiologically-relevant, physics-based mathematical model to reveal how ion carriers generate intracellular ionic and voltage gradients. The model is able to discern the contribution of individual ion carriers to the intracellular pH gradient, electric potential, and water flux. We discover that an extracellular pH gradient leads to an intracellular pH gradient via chloride-bicarbonate exchangers, whereas an extracellular electric field leads to an intracellular electric potential gradient via passive potassium channels. In addition, the mechanical-biochemical coupling can modulate actin distribution and flow, and create biphasic dependence of the cell speed on water flux. Moreover, we find that F-actin interaction with NHE alone can generate cell movement, even when other ion carriers are not polarized. Taken together, the model shows the importance of cell ion dynamics in modulating cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics.
Disparate requirements for RAD54L in replication fork reversal
Authors: Uhrig Mollie E. , Sharma Neelam , Maxwell Petey , Selemenakis Platon , Mazin Alexander V. , Wiese Claudia 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTRAD54L is a DNA motor protein with multiple roles in homologous recombination DNA repair (HR).In vitro, RAD54L was shown to also catalyze the reversal and restoration of model replication forks. In cells, however, little is known about how RAD54L may regulate the dynamics of DNA replication. Here, we show that RAD54L restrains the progression of replication forks and functions as a fork remodeler in human cells. Analogous to HLTF, SMARCAL1, and FBH1, and consistent with a role in fork reversal, RAD54L decelerates fork progression in response to replication stress and suppresses the formation of replication-associated ssDNA gaps. Interestingly, loss of RAD54L prevents nascent strand DNA degradation in both BRCA1/2- and 53BP1-deficient cells, suggesting that RAD54L functions in both pathways of RAD51-mediated replication fork reversal. In the HLTF/SMARCAL1 pathway, RAD54L is critical, but its ability to catalyze branch migration is dispensable, indicative of its function downstream of HLTF/SMARCAL1. Conversely, in the FBH1 pathway, branch migration activity of RAD54L is essential, and FBH1 engagement is dependent on its concerted action with RAD54L. Collectively, our results reveal disparate requirements for RAD54L in two distinct RAD51-mediated fork reversal pathways, positing its potential as a future therapeutic target.
Activation of ATF3 via the Integrated Stress Response Pathway Regulates Innate Immune Response to Restrict Zika Virus
Authors: Badu Pheonah , Baniulyte Gabriele , Sammons Morgan A. , Pager Cara T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that can have devastating health consequences. The developmental and neurological effects from a ZIKV infection arise in part from the virus triggering cellular stress pathways and perturbing transcriptional programs. To date, the underlying mechanisms of transcriptional control directing viral restriction and virus-host interaction are understudied. Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-induced transcriptional effector that modulates the expression of genes involved in a myriad of cellular processes, including inflammation and antiviral responses, to restore cellular homeostasis. While ATF3 is known to be upregulated during ZIKV infection, the mode by which ATF3 is activated and the specific role of ATF3 during ZIKV infection is unknown. In this study, we show via inhibitor and RNA interference approaches that ZIKV infection initiates the integrated stress response pathway to activate ATF4 which in turn induces ATF3 expression. Additionally, by using CRISPR-Cas9 system to delete ATF3, we found that ATF3 acts to limit ZIKV gene expression in A549 cells. We also determined that ATF3 enhances the expression of antiviral genes such as STAT1 and other components in the innate immunity pathway to induce an ATF3-dependent anti-ZIKV response. Our study reveals crosstalk between the integrated stress response and innate immune response pathways and highlights an important role for ATF3 in establishing an antiviral effect during ZIKV infection.ImportanceZIKV is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that co-opts cellular mechanisms to support viral processes which can reprogram the host transcriptional profile. Such viral-directed transcriptional changes and the pro- or anti-viral outcomes remain understudied. We previously showed that ATF3, a stress-induced transcription factor, is significantly upregulated in ZIKV infected mammalian cells, along with other cellular and immune response genes. We now define the intracellular pathway responsible for ATF3 activation and elucidate the impact of ATF3 expression on ZIKV infection. We show that during ZIKV infection the integrated stress response pathway stimulates ATF3 which enhances the innate immune response to antagonize ZIKV infection. This study establishes a link between viral-induced stress response and transcriptional regulation of host defense pathways and thus expands our knowledge on virus-mediated transcriptional mechanisms and transcriptional control of interferon stimulated genes during ZIKV infection.
Electrobiocorrosion by Microbes without Outer-Surface Cytochromes
Authors: Holmes Dawn E. , Woodard Trevor L. , Smith Jessica A. , Musat Florin , Lovley Derek R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnaerobic microbial corrosion of iron-containing metals causes extensive economic damage. Some microbes are capable of direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer (electrobiocorrosion), but the prevalence of electrobiocorrosion among diverse methanogens and acetogens is poorly understood because of a lack of tools for their genetic manipulation. Previous studies have suggested that respiration with 316L stainless steel as the electron donor is indicative of electrobiocorrosion because, unlike pure Fe0, 316L stainless steel does not abiotically generate H2as an intermediary electron carrier. Here we report that all of the methanogens (Methanosarcina vacuolata,Methanothrix soehngenii, andMethanobacteriumstrain IM1) and acetogens (Sporomusa ovata,Clostridium ljungdahlii) evaluated respired with pure Fe0as the electron donor, but onlyM. vacuolata,Mx soehngenii, andS. ovatawere capable of stainless steel electrobiocorrosion. The electrobiocorrosive methanogens required acetate as an additional energy source in order to produce methane from stainless steel. Co-cultures ofS. ovataandMx. soehngeniidemonstrated how acetogens can provide acetate to methanogens during corrosion. Not only wasMethanobacteriumstrain IM1 not capable of electrobiocorrosion, but it also did not accept electrons fromGeobacter metallireducens, an effective electron- donating partner for direct interspecies electron transfer to all methanogens that can directly accept electrons from Fe0. The finding thatM. vacuolata,Mx. soehngenii, andS. ovataare capable of electrobiocorrosion, despite a lack of the outer-surfacec-type cytochromes previously found to be important in other electrobiocorrosive microbes, demonstrates that there are multiple microbial strategies for making electrical contact with Fe0.Impact StatementUnderstanding how anaerobic microbes receive electrons from Fe0is likely to lead to novel strategies for mitigating the corrosion of iron-containing metals, which has an enormous economic impact. Electrobiocorrosion, is a relatively recently recognized corrosion mechanism. It was previously demonstrated in pure cultures when Fe0oxidation was inhibited by deletion of genes for outer-surfacec-type cytochromes known to be involved in other forms of extracellular electron exchange. However, many methanogens and acetogens lack obvious outer-surface electrical connections and are difficult to genetically manipulate. The study reported here provides an alternative approach to evaluating whether microbes are capable of electrobiocorrosion that does not require genetic manipulation. The results indicate thatMethanobacteriumstrain IM1, is not electrobiocorrosive, in contrast to previous speculation. However, some methanogens and acetogens without known outer-surfacec-type cytochromes do appear to be capable of electrobiocorrosion, suggesting that this corrosion mechanism may be more widespread than previously thought.
The capsular polysaccharide obstructs wall teichoic acid functions inStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lehmann Esther , van Dalen Rob , Gritsch Lisa , Slavetinsky Christoph , Korn Natalya , Rohmer Carina , Krause Daniela , Peschel Andreas , Weidenmaier Christopher , Wolz Christiane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe cell envelope ofStaphylococcus aureuscontains two major secondary cell wall glycopolymers: capsular polysaccharide (CP) and wall teichoic acid (WTA). Both the CP and the WTA are attached to the cell wall and play distinct roles inS. aureuscolonization, pathogenesis, and bacterial evasion of host immune defenses.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate whether CP interferes with WTA-mediated properties.MethodsStrains with natural heterogeneous expression of CP, strains with homogeneous high CP expression and CP-deficient strains were compared to WTA deficient controls regarding WTA dependent phage binding, cell adhesion, IgG deposition, and virulencein vivo.ResultsWTA-mediated phage adsorption, specific antibody deposition and cell adhesion were negatively correlated with CP expression. WTA, but not CP, enhanced the bacterial burden in a mouse abscess model, while CP overexpression resulted in intermediate virulencein vivo.ConclusionsCP protects the bacteria from WTA-dependent opsonization and phage binding. This protection comes at the cost of diminished adhesion to host cells. The highly complex regulation and mostly heterogeneous expression of CP has probably evolved to ensure the survival and optimal physiological adaptation of the bacterial population as a whole.
Seed tuber imprinting shapes the next-generation potato microbiome
Authors: Song Yang , Spooren Jelle , Jongekrijg Casper D. , Manders Ellen H.H. , de Jonge Ronnie , Pieterse Corné M.J. , Bakker Peter A.H.M. , Berendsen Roeland L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPotato seed tubers are colonized and inhabited by soil-borne microbes, some of which can positively or negatively impact the performance of the emerging daughter plant in the next season. In this study, we investigated the intergenerational inheritance of microbiota from seed tubers to next-season daughter plants by amplicon sequencing of bacterial and fungal microbiota associated with tubers and roots of two seed potato genotypes produced in six different fields. We observed that field of production and potato genotype significantly affected the seed tuber microbiome composition and that these differences persisted during winter storage of the seed tubers. When seed tubers from different production fields were planted in a single trial field, the microbiomes of daughter tubers and roots of the emerging plants could still be distinguished according to the field of origin of the seed tuber. Remarkably, we found little evidence of direct vertical inheritance of field-unique microbes from the seed tuber to the daughter tubers or roots. Hence, we hypothesize that this intergenerational “memory” is imprinted in the seed tuber, resulting in differential microbiome assembly strategies depending on the field of production of the seed tuber.
Cryo-EM structure of cell-free synthesized human histamine H2receptor coupled to heterotrimeric Gsprotein in lipid nanodisc environment
Authors: Köck Zoe , Schnelle Kilian , Persechino Margherita , Umbach Simon , Schihada Hannes , Januliene Dovile , Parey Kristian , Pockes Steffen , Kolb Peter , Dötsch Volker , Möller Arne , Hilger Daniel , Bernhard Frank 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHere we describe the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human histamine 2 receptor (H2R) in an active conformation with bound histamine and in complex with Gsheterotrimeric protein at an overall resolution of 3.4 Å. The complex was generated by cotranslational insertion into preformed nanodisc membranes using cell-free synthesis inE. colilysates. It is the first structure obtained by this detergent-free strategy and the first GPCR/Gscomplex structure in lipid environment. Structural comparison with the inactive conformation of H2R and the inactive and Gq-coupled active state of H1R together with structure-guided functional experiments reveal molecular insights into the specificity of ligand binding and G protein coupling for this receptor family. We demonstrate lipid-modulated folding of cell-free synthesized H2R, its agonist-dependent internalization and its interaction with endogenously synthesized H1R and H2R in HEK293 cells by applying a recently developed nanotransfer technique.
Influence of technological synthesis conditions on corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties for NiTi alloys
Authors: Tunçay Badegül , Çuğ Harun , Tunçay Tansel , Özyürek Dursun , Cesarz-Andraczke Katarzyna 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate NiTi alloys’ characterization and corrosion behaviour produced by two different powder metallurgy (PM) methods.

Design/methodology/approach
It was pre-formed under a protective atmosphere at 900 °C under a force of 45 MPa and sintered for 1 h under 10–6 Mbar in an atmosphere-controlled heat treatment furnace at 1,100 °C. The relationship between microstructural properties, SEM, XRD, density, microhardness and corrosion behaviour of pre-alloyed NiTi alloys produced by two different methods with the production method was investigated.

Findings
As a result of the studies, TiO, NiTi, NiTi2 and Ni3Ti intermetallics were determined in XRD examinations. The best surface roughness was observed in the mechanically milled (MM’ed) pre-alloyed NiTi alloy compared to the pre-alloyed NiTi alloy mixed with turbula. The corrosion tests performed in 3.5% NaCl solution determined that the MM’ed pre-alloyed NiTi alloy had better corrosion resistance than the pre-alloyed NiTi alloy mixed with turbula. Pitting corrosion was visualized in the SEM images taken from the corrosion surfaces.

Originality/value
Two different PM methods produced pre-alloyed NiTi powders, and the effects of these methods on the mechanical and corrosion resistance of NiTi alloys were systematically investigated for the first time.
System and content factors associated with college students’ adoption of YouTube for learning purposes
Authors: Harper Lindsey M. , James Elizabeth D. , Joo Soohyung , Kim Youngseek 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Today’s undergraduate students have spent a significant portion of their lives using YouTube for various reasons, whether for entertainment, personal development or academic learning purposes. This study aims to investigate how system factors (i.e. reliability, usability and searchability), interaction factors (i.e. provider and user interactions) and content factors (i.e. format, relevance and coverage) affect undergraduate students’ satisfaction with YouTube and their intentions to adopt YouTube for learning purposes.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses the information systems success model as its theoretical framework to explore the system, interaction and content factors associated with undergraduate students’ satisfaction with YouTube and their intentions to use YouTube for learning. The proposed hypotheses were examined by the structural equation modelling technique based on a survey with 345 undergraduate students at a Southeastern institution in the USA.

Findings
The results indicate that both system factors (including reliability, usability and searchability) and content factors (including format, relevance and coverage) have a statistically significant effect on students’ satisfaction with YouTube. This study also demonstrates that students’ satisfaction with YouTube significantly influences their intentions to use the platform for learning purposes.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed research model provides a novel perspective in understanding the complex nature of students’ adoption of YouTube for learning purposes, led by both system and content factors mediated by satisfaction with YouTube.

Practical implications
This study suggests that when YouTube is intuitive to use and relevant content is added to the platform regularly, students are more likely to adopt this platform for learning purposes. As a result, it is critical that librarians remain aware of information-seeking practices and platforms used by students to tailor approaches to teaching information literacy to help students understand how to use the platform effectively.

Originality/value
Using the information systems success model, this research sheds light on the roles of system and content factors in undergraduate students’ satisfaction with YouTube and their intentions to use it for learning.
Tokenism in the workplace: does brand activism benefit LGBTQ+ employees in the hospitality industry?
Authors: Bogicevic Vanja , Li Yizhi , Salvato Edward D. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Hospitality firms adopted diverse hiring policies and public declarations of support for LGBTQ+ causes through brand activism. The impact of activism on LGBTQ+ employees’ workplace experiences has been ambiguous. This study aims to examine the hospitality and tourism employees’ perceptions of gay and lesbian leaders as token-hires among hospitality employees and the spillover effect on company’s motives for hiring the leaders. This study further explores LGBTQ+ employees’ reactions to token-hiring as a form of activism, and how workplace interactions as passing/revealing LGBTQ+ individuals shaped their career development.

Design/methodology/approach
This research adopted a sequential mixed-methods design. An experiment examines how employees judge gay vs lesbian hospitality leaders as token hires, contingent on their own gender identity. It further tests the conditional mediation of tokenism on company’s egoistic motives for activism. A qualitative study explores the reactions to token-hiring as activism from the perspective of LGBTQ+ leaders who reflect on their own careers and workplace experiences.

Findings
Tokenism in the hospitality workplace is recognized as the phenomenon attributed to groups at the intersection of identities (e.g. gay men). Findings demonstrate the spillover effect of tokenism perceptions of gay male leaders by other men on company’s egoistic motives for activism. This effect is not observed for a lesbian female leader. Results from interviews suggest that hospitality and tourism LGBTQ+ employees predominantly take the post-gay vs political approach when managing their sexual identities at work and feel ambivalent toward token-hiring as LGBTQ+ brand activism.

Originality/value
This research contributes to understanding workplace challenges of LGBTQ+ employees and how they are perceived by others contingent on gender identity. It also explores the role of tokenism in their experiences.
Corporate entrepreneurship in a collectivist culture: the role of time availability
Authors: Janićijević Nebojša , Kontić Ljiljana 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate whether the model containing five organisational determinants of corporate entrepreneurship developed by Kuratko, Hornsby and Covin is valid in Serbia.Design/methodology/approachThe model was tested on a sample that included managers and employees from four banks in Serbia. The Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument (CEAI) was used as the research instrument and factor analysis was used as the basic statistical method. This study examined whether the 48 items that compose the CEAI could be grouped in the context of the national culture of Serbia to provide the five determinants that were identified by Kuratko, Hornsby and Covin.FindingsThe results show that the factor analysis identified four determinants identical to those in the CEAI model. However, time availability failed the validity test in previous studies conducted in Serbia and other countries with collectivist cultures. It can be concluded that collectivism connected with high-power distance, uncertainty avoidance and the polychromatic concept of time caused the cultural limitation of time availability as a determinant of corporate entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThis study indicates that national culture could be a factor that determines the validity of organisational determinants of corporate entrepreneurship and that these factors cannot be taken for granted in cultures other than those in which the theory of corporate entrepreneurship arose. Finally, corporate entrepreneurship has been investigated in the banking industry, which is unusual because it is globally renowned for its conservatism.