bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildlife gut microbiomes of sympatric generalist species respond differently to anthropogenic landscape disturbances
Authors: Heni Alexander Christoph , Fackelmann Gloria , Eibner Georg , Kreinert Swetlana , Schmid Julian , Schwensow Nina Isabell , Wiegand Jonas , Wilhelm Kerstin , Sommer Simone 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Human encroachment into nature and the accompanying environmental changes are a big concern for wildlife biodiversity and health. While changes on the macroecological scale, i.e. species community and abundance pattern, are well documented, impacts on the microecological scale, such as the host’s microbial community, remain understudied. Particularly, it is unclear if impacts of anthropogenic landscape modification on wildlife gut microbiomes are species-specific. Of special interest are sympatric, generalist species, assumed to be more resilient to environmental changes and which often are well-known pathogen reservoirs and drivers of spill-over events. Here, we analyzed the gut microbiome of three such sympatric, generalist species, one rodent (Proechimys semispinosus) and two marsupials (Didelphis marsupialis and Philander opossum), captured in 28 study sites in four different landscapes in Panama characterized by different degrees of anthropogenic disturbance.

Results
Our results show species-specific gut microbial responses to the same landscape disturbances. The gut microbiome of P. semispinosus was less diverse and more heterogeneous in landscapes with close contact with humans, where it contained bacterial taxa associated with humans, their domesticated animals, and potential pathogens. The gut microbiome of D. marsupialis showed similar patterns, but only in the most disturbed landscape. P. opossum, in contrast, showed little gut microbial changes, however, this species’ absence in the most fragmented landscapes indicates its sensitivity to long-term isolation.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that wildlife gut microbiomes even in generalist species with a large ecological plasticity are impacted by human encroachment into nature, but differ in resilience which can have critical implications on conservation efforts and One Health strategies.
The importance of personalized medicine in chronic myeloid leukemia management: a narrative review
Authors: Zaker Erfan , Nouri Negar , Sorkhizadeh Sepehr , Ghasemirad Hamidreza , Hajijafari Amir Hossein , Zare Fateme 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are prescribed as a targeted therapy to treat chronic myeloid leukemia patients. A challenge in clinical practice is that despite excellent efficacy and improved clinical response levels acquired by imatinib, a number of patients receive TKI therapy but have a poor primary response, develop a drug resistance, or relapse after initial success. This inter-individual difference into response has increased the concern in investigating the pharmacogenetics of cancer drugs. This review discusses the influence of various factors, such as BCR-ABL point mutation, efflux and influx transporters, and others, on targeted drug response in CML. Additionally, we focus on how patients can overcome these issues.
Prenatal diagnosis of non-janiceps type of cephalopagus conjoined twins: a case report
Authors: Srinath Neela , Rajgarhia Nipun , Regmi Pratik , Bajpai Amit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Conjoined twin pregnancy is a very rare variety of twin pregnancy which results from the failure of complete separation of a zygote after 13 days, ‘cephalopagus’ being the rarest variety of such twin pregnancies. Two forms of cephalopagus conjoined twins have been described in the literature: Janiceps (two faces are on the either side of the head) and non-janiceps (with one head and a single face); non-janiceps type being even rarer. The features that may hint towards the diagnosis on ultrasound include inseparable fetal bodies, unvarying relative positioning of the two fetuses, both heads persistently at the same level to each other, bi-breech or bicephalic presentations and a single umbilical cord with more than three vessels. 3-D ultrasound and Fetal MRI may help in confirmation of this rare entity.

Case presentation
A 19-year-old primigravida, presented at 12 weeks of gestation for antenatal ultrasound. Ultrasonography showed evidence of a conjoined twin with a single head and single face, fused thoracic cavities with single heart, two lungs, fused upper abdomen with shared stomach and liver, separate pelvic cavities with two different urinary bladders and two pairs of upper and lower limbs. Fetal MRI corroborated these findings. The pregnancy was terminated vaginally, and cephalopagus fetus was delivered. The parents were appropriately counselled for future pregnancies.

Conclusions
A very rare case of non-Janiceps variety of cephalopagus conjoined twin gestation which was detected at 12 weeks of gestation by antenatal ultrasound and confirmed on fetal MRI. Early antenatal diagnosis is extremely important for appropriate and timely management as the prognosis is very poor in such twins. Antenatal ultrasound and fetal MRI prove very beneficial in this aspect as well as for diagnosis of other associated fetal abnormalities.
Psychometric evaluation of a pragmatic measure of clinical supervision as an implementation strategy
Authors: Choy-Brown Mimi , Williams Nathaniel J. , Ramirez Nallely , Esp Susan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Valid and reliable measurement of implementation strategies is essential to advancing implementation science; however, this area lags behind the measurement of implementation outcomes and determinants. Clinical supervision is a promising and highly feasible implementation strategy in behavioral healthcare for which pragmatic measures are lacking. This research aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate a pragmatic measure of clinical supervision conceptualized in terms of two broadly applicable, discrete clinical supervision techniques shown to improve providers’ implementation of evidence-based psychosocial interventions—(1) audit and feedback and (2) active learning.

Methods
Items were generated based on a systematic review of the literature and administered to a sample of 154 outpatient mental health clinicians serving youth and 181 community-based mental health providers serving adults. Scores were evaluated for evidence of reliability, structural validity, construct-related validity, and measurement invariance across the two samples.

Results
In sample 1, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the hypothesized two-factor structure of scores on the Evidence-Based Clinical Supervision Strategies (EBCSS) scale (χ2=5.89, df=4, p=0.208; RMSEA=0.055, CFI=0.988, SRMR=0.033). In sample 2, CFA replicated the EBCSS factor structure and provided discriminant validity evidence relative to an established supervisory alliance measure (χ2=36.12, df=30, p=0.204; RMSEA=0.034; CFI=0.990; SRMR=0.031). Construct-related validity evidence was provided by theoretically concordant associations between EBCSS subscale scores and agency climate for evidence-based practice implementation in sample 1 (d= .47 and .55) as well as measures of the supervision process in sample 2. Multiple group CFA supported the configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance of scores on the EBCSS across the two samples.

Conclusions
Scores on the EBCSS provide a valid basis for inferences regarding the extent to which behavioral health providers experience audit and feedback and active learning as part of their clinical supervision in both clinic- and community-based behavioral health settings.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04096274. Registered on 19 September 2019.
Hepaticojejunostomy in proximal bile duct injury by left hepatic duct approach for patients attended at Muhimbili National Hospital
Authors: Swallow Andrew Yesaya , Mwanga Ali Hamisi , Kitembo Kibwana , Mchele Godfrey , Akoko Larry , Awadh Azza 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become a gold standard treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis and other related diseases done in most centers worldwide. It is associated with an increase in frequency of iatrogenic biliary injury with an incidence of 0.3–0.7%, resulting in a significant impact on quality of life, overall survival, and frequently medico-legal obligations. Early recognition of bile duct injury (BDI) is of supreme importance towards early treatment and good outcome. With an experienced hepatobiliary surgeon, hepaticojejunostomy by left hepatic duct approach is often challenging and considered impossible due to scarring and fibrosis but has a noble outcome for proximal common hepatic duct injury.

Cases presentation
We described two cases from northern Tanzania who had iatrogenic proximal bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepaticojejunostomy by left hepatic duct was the approach used after difficult dissection at porta hepatis and partly the liver tissue to attain a significant length of the left hepatic duct for anastomosis done at least 3 months post-bile duct injury. No postoperative complication was observed, which includes biliary fistula, restenosis, peritonitis, and cholangitis. To date, no evidence of biliary stenosis or other biliary complication happened during follow-up for 1 year.

Conclusion
Early recognition of BDI is of supreme importance towards early treatment and good outcome. With an experienced hepatobiliary surgeon, hepaticojejunostomy by left hepatic duct approach has an honorable outcome for proximal bile duct injury.
Atrial secondary mitral regurgitation: prevalence, characteristics, management, and long-term outcomes
Authors: Straw Sam , Gupta Ankit , Johnson Kerryanne , Cole Charlotte A. , Kneizeh Kinan , Gierula John , Kearney Mark T. , Malkin Christopher J. , Paton Maria F. , Witte Klaus K. , Schlosshan Dominik 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The prevalence, clinical characteristics, management and long-term outcomes of patients with atrial secondary mitral regurgitation (ASMR) are not well described.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, observational study of consecutive patients with grade III/IV MR determined by transthoracic echocardiography. The aetiology of MR was grouped as being either primary (due to degenerative mitral valve disease), ventricular SMR (VSMR: due to left ventricular dilatation/dysfunction), ASMR (due to LA dilatation), or other.

Results
A total of 388 individuals were identified who had grade III/IV MR; of whom 37 (9.5%) had ASMR, 113 (29.1%) had VSMR, 193 had primary MR (49.7%), and 45 (11.6%) were classified as having other causes. Compared to MR of other subtypes, patients with ASMR were on average older (median age 82 [74–87] years, p < 0.001), were more likely to be female (67.6%, p = 0.004) and usually had atrial fibrillation (83.8%, p = 0.001). All-cause mortality was highest in patients with ASMR (p < 0.001), but similar to that in patients with VSMR once adjusted for age and sex (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–1.25). Hospitalisation for worsening heart failure was more commonly observed in those with ASMR or VSMR (p < 0.001) although was similar between these groups when age and sex were accounted for (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.34–1.58). For patients with ASMR, the only variables associated with outcomes were age and co-morbidities.

Conclusions
ASMR is a prevalent and distinct disease process associated with a poor prognosis, with much of this related to older age and co-morbidities.

Graphical Abstract
Diurnal Cortisol Features and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Patients With Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cohort Study
Authors: Gan Lin , Li Nanfang , Heizhati Mulalibieke , Li Mei , Yao Ling , Hong Jing , Wu Ting , Wang Hui , Liu Miaomiao , Maitituersun Adalaiti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContextThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, whether HPA axis dysfunction is associated with incident T2D remains unclear in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the diurnal cortisol features and the risk of incident T2D in patients with hypertension and OSA.MethodsParticipants with cortisol rhythm test at baseline in the Urumqi Research on Sleep Apnea and Hypertension cohort were enrolled. The Cox regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between ln-transformed diurnal cortisol features and T2D risk. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were also performed.ResultsA total of 1478 patients with hypertension and OSA were enrolled in this study. During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 196 participants developed T2D. Overall, a steep diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) was significantly associated with decreased T2D risk (per SD increase, HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.97, P = .014). Midnight cortisol was positively associated with increased T2D risk (per SD increase, HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08-1.45, P = .003). Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. Neither DCS nor midnight cortisol was associated with incident T2D in the women’s subgroup or participants with mild OSA.ConclusionSteeper DCS and higher midnight cortisol levels are associated with lower and higher T2D risks in patients with hypertension and OSA, respectively, at least in men or participants with moderate to severe OSA. Diurnal cortisol features may represent an early prevention target for diabetes in this population.
Heart Rate Variability and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in General Population
Authors: Wang Kan , Ahmadizar Fariba , Geurts Sven , Arshi Banafsheh , Kors Jan A , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Sijbrands Eric J G , Ikram M Arfan , Kavousi Maryam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Context
Hyperglycemia and autonomic dysfunction are bidirectionally related.

Objective
We investigated the association of longitudinal evolution of heart rate variability (HRV) with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among the general population.

Methods
We included 7630 participants (mean age 63.7 years, 58% women) from the population-based Rotterdam Study who had no history of T2D and atrial fibrillation at baseline and had repeated HRV assessments at baseline and during follow-up. We used joint models to assess the association between longitudinal evolution of heart rate and different HRV metrics (including the heart rate–corrected SD of the normal-to-normal RR intervals [SDNNc], and root mean square of successive RR-interval differences [RMSSDc]) with incident T2D. Models were adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary-level data was also performed.

Results
During a median follow-up of 8.6 years, 871 individuals developed incident T2D. One SD increase in heart rate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33), and log(RMSSDc) (HR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.33) were independently associated with incident T2D. The HRs were 1.54 (95% CI, 1.08-2.06) for participants younger than 62 years and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.01-1.31) for those older than 62 years for heart rate (P for interaction &lt;.001). Results from bidirectional MR analyses suggested that HRV and T2D were not significantly related to each other.

Conclusion
Autonomic dysfunction precedes development of T2D, especially among younger individuals, while MR analysis suggests no causal relationship. More studies are needed to further validate our findings.
Stable Incidence and Increasing Prevalence of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Population-based Study in Scotland
Authors: Soto-Pedre Enrique , Newey Paul J , Leese Graham P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Context
Previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated a highly variable incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) from year to year.

Objective
We planned to provide a current estimate of the incidence and prevalence of PHPT in a community-based study.

Methods
A population-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted in Tayside (Scotland) from 2007 to 2018. Record-linkage technology (demography, biochemistry, prescribing, hospital admissions, radiology, and mortality data) was used to identify all patients. Cases of PHPT were defined as those with at least 2 raised serum corrected calcium concentration CCA (&gt; 2.55 mmol/L) and/or hospital admissions with PHPT diagnoses and/or surgery records with parathyroidectomy during the follow-up period. The number of prevalent and incident cases of PHPT per calendar year by age and sex were estimated.

Results
A total of 2118 people (72.3% female, mean age 65 years) were identified with an incident case of PHPT. The overall prevalence of PHPT over the 12 years of the study was 0.84% (95% CI, 0.68%-1.02%), steadily increasing from 0.71% in 2007 to 1.02% in 2018. From 2008, the incidence of PHPT was relatively stable from 4 to 6 cases per 10 000 person-years, declining from 11.5 per 10 000 person-years in 2007. The incidence varied from 0.59 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 0.40%-0.77%) for those aged 20 to 29 years, to 12.4 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 11.2%-13.3%) in those aged 70 to 79 years. Incidence of PHPT was 2.5 times higher in women than in men.

Conclusion
This study is the first showing a relatively steady annual incidence of PHPT at 4 to 6 per 10 000 person-years. This population-based study reports a PHPT prevalence of 0.84%.
Persistent Hypoglycemia and Hyperinsulinism in a Patient With KMT2D-Associated Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Nunez Stosic Mariana , Gomez Patricia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report a 3-year-old girl with persistent hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism secondary to KMT2D-associated Kabuki syndrome (KS). During the neonatal period, the patient had multiple complications, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, failure to thrive, G-tube dependence, congenital heart disease, and persistent hypoglycemia. The initial workup at 2 weeks of age was suggestive of hyperinsulinism. She was treated with intravenous glucose infusion and diazoxide. She was discharged from the NICU on diazoxide, chlorothiazide, and enteral feeds. Diazoxide was discontinued at 2 months old secondary to adverse effects. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia was ultimately confirmed with a glucagon stimulation test at 5 months of age. At 11 months of age, when the enteral feeds were attempted to be spaced, she presented to our outpatient clinic with persistent hypoglycemia. Review of prior outside records confirmed a negative congenital hyperinsulinism genetic panel. She was treated with maltodextrin, enteral feeds, and close glucose monitoring. We noted that she had dysmorphic features that were suggestive of KS. At 2 years of age, a whole exome sequence confirmed a pathogenic mutation in KMT2D. Persistent hypoglycemia beyond the neonatal period is a rare finding in KS. In addition, it is a more common finding in KS type 2 (KDM6A).
Vemurafenib improves muscle histopathology in a mouse model of LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Oliveira-Santos Ariany , Dagda Marisela , Wittmann Jennifer , Smalley Robert , Burkin Dean J. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Laminin-α2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) is a neuromuscular disease affecting around 1-9 in 1,000,000 children. LAMA2-CMD is caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene resulting in the loss of laminin-211/221 heterotrimers in skeletal muscle. LAMA2-CMD patients exhibit severe hypotonia and progressive muscle weakness. Currently, there is no effective treatment for LAMA2-CMD and patients die prematurely. The loss of laminin-α2 results in muscle degeneration, defective muscle repair and dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. Signaling pathways that regulate muscle metabolism, survival and fibrosis have been shown to be dysregulated in LAMA2-CMD. As vemurafenib is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, we investigated whether vemurafenib could restore some of the serine/threonine kinase-related signaling pathways and prevent disease progression in the dyW−/− mouse model of LAMA2-CMD. Our results show that vemurafenib reduced muscle fibrosis, increased myofiber size and reduced the percentage of fibers with centrally located nuclei in dyW−/− mouse hindlimbs. These studies show that treatment with vemurafenib restored the TGF-β/SMAD3 and mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. Together, our results indicate that vemurafenib partially improves histopathology but does not improve muscle function in a mouse model of LAMA2-CMD.
Corporate Purpose: A Social Judgement Perspective
Authors: Suddaby Roy , Manelli Luca , Fan Ziyun 
Published: April 2023

We apply the lens of social judgement theory to understand the causes and consequences of the growing debate about the purpose of the corporation. Our historical analysis suggests that the debate about corporate purpose is not new and that it tends to arise during periods of growing economic inequality. Our analysis also suggests that the discursive shift from shareholder to stakeholder capitalism will trigger a new standard of social evaluation of corporations in which we no longer judge corporate behavior based on standards of legitimacy but rather on standards of authenticity. We explore what this change in social evaluation will mean for corporate competition. History: This paper has been accepted for the Strategy Science Special Issue on Corporate Purpose.
Corporate Personhood and Fiduciary Duties as Critical Constructs in Developing Stakeholder Management Theory and Corporate Purpose
Authors: Mahoney Joseph T. 
Published: April 2023

This article considers the complex process of economic value creation in joint production in which a corporation is viewed as more than a nexus of contracts for four reasons related to the interdependent functions of the corporate personhood concept of the corporation as a separate legal entity. Corporate personhood facilitates stewardship and stakeholder management, which can encourage firm-specific investments, reduce shirking, and attenuate rent seeking to provide economic value. The corporate personhood approach illuminates multidimensional constructs for the governance of a corporation at the board level to embody fiduciary duties and corporate purpose, which is much richer than the nexus of contract view.History: This paper has been accepted for the Strategy Science Special Issue on Corporate Purpose.