bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissection in biology education compared to alternative methods in terms of their influence on students’ emotional experience
Authors: Kaiser Lisa-Maria , Polte Sabrina , Kirchhoff Tim , Großmann Nadine , Wilde Matthias 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionDissecting animal organs is a method of biology teaching that offers a direct and authentic view into morphological structures and enables hands-on activity and multisensory experiences. However, the dissection process is often associated with certain (negative) emotions that might hinder successful learning. One such emotion that is particularly common during dissection is disgust. Experiencing disgust can negatively affect emotional experiences. Consequently, alternatives for dissection in biology lessons are being sought.MethodsIn this study, the method of dissection is compared with two common methods of teaching the anatomy of the mammalian eye: watching a video and working with an anatomical model. The focus of the comparison is on the influence on the following emotional qualities of experience: perceived disgust, perceived interest, well-being and boredom. Two hundred and eighteen students (Mage= 14.19,SDage= 1.02 years, 52% female) from secondary schools in Germany participated in a two-hour lesson on the anatomy of the mammalian eye using one of the three aforementioned teaching methods.FindingsOur results show that perceived disgust was higher for the dissection group than in the ones that worked with a video or a model. We found that dissecting and watching a video led to a similar level of interest, well-being, and boredom. The anatomical model was perceived as less disgusting but more boring than the dissection. The detailed videos of a dissection seem to offer similar positive emotional experiences when compared to dissecting in class and may be an alternative approach when teachers have concerns about performing a real dissection.
Examining the relationship between birth weight and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis
Authors: Ni Meng , Li Lijuan , Li Wei , Zhang Qianqian , Zhao Jiuru , Shen Qianwen , Yao Dongting , Wang Tao , Li Baihe , Ding Xiya , Qi Sudong , Huang Xiaoyi , Liu Zhiwei 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is prevalent in children worldwide. We evaluated the potential relationship between birth weight and ADHD using newly released data from the National Survey of Children’s Health 2019–2020.MethodsThis population-based survey study used parent recollection data that were collected and submitted by 50 states and the District of Columbia to the National Survey of Children’s Health database from the National Survey of Children’s Health database. Those aged &lt; 3 years and without birth weight or ADHD records were excluded. Children were stratified according to ADHD diagnosis and birth weight: very low birth weight (VLBW, &lt; 1,500 g), low birth weight (LBW, 1,500–2,500 g), and normal birth weight (NBW, ≥ 2,500 g). Multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine the causal association between birth weight and ADHD while controlling for child and household characteristics.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 60,358 children, of whom 6,314 (9.0%) were reported to have an ADHD diagnosis. The prevalence of ADHD was 8.7% in NBW children, 11.5% in LBW, and 14.4% in VLBW. Compared with NBW children, LBW children [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.32 (95% CI, 1.03–1.68)], and VLBW children [aOR, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.06–2.15)] had a significantly higher risk of ADHD after adjusting all variables. These associations persisted in the male subgroups.Conclusion and relevanceThis study found that LBW and VLBW children were at a higher risk of ADHD.
Body exposure and vocal analysis: validation of fundamental frequency as a correlate of emotional arousal and valence
Authors: Opladen Vanessa , Tanck Julia A. , Baur Julia , Hartmann Andrea S. , Svaldi Jennifer , Vocks Silja 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionVocal analysis of fundamental frequency (f0) represents a suitable index to assess emotional activation. However, althoughf0 has often been used as an indicator of emotional arousal and different affective states, its psychometric properties are unclear. Specifically, there is uncertainty regarding the validity of the indices off0meanandf0variabilitymeasures(f0dispersion,f0range, andf0SD) and whether higher or lowerf0 indices are associated with higher arousal in stressful situations. The present study therefore aimed to validatef0 as a marker of vocally encoded emotional arousal, valence, and body-related distress during body exposure as a psychological stressor.MethodsN= 73 female participants first underwent a 3-min, non-activating neutral reference condition, followed by a 7-min activating body exposure condition. Participants completed questionnaires on affect (i.e., arousal, valence, body-related distress), and their voice data and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously. Vocal analyses were performed using Praat, a program for extracting paralinguistic measures from spoken audio.ResultsThe results revealed no effects forf0 and state body dissatisfaction or general affect.F0meancorrelated positively with self-reported arousal and negatively with valence, but was not correlated with HRmean/maximum. No correlations with any measure were found for anyf0variabililtymeasures.DiscussionGiven the promising findings regardingf0meanfor arousal and valence and the inconclusive findings regardingf0 as a marker of general affect and body-related distress, it may be assumed thatf0meanrepresents a valid global marker of emotional arousal and valence rather than of concrete body-related distress. In view of the present findings regarding the validity off0, it may be suggested thatf0mean, but notf0variabilitymeasures, can be used to assess emotional arousal and valence in addition to self-report measures, which is less intrusive than conventional psychophysiological measures.
Implementing biofeedback treatment in a psychosomatic-psychotherapeutic inpatient unit: a mixed methods evaluation of acceptance, satisfaction, and feasibility
Authors: Schmidt Kira , Barac-Dammeyer Drazena , Kowalski Axel , Teigelack Per , Pfeiffer Corinna , Robitzsch Anita , Dörrie Nora , Skoda Eva-Maria , Bäuerle Alexander , Fink Madeleine , Teufel Martin 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionFeedback-based therapies such as biofeedback have a benefit in patients with mental health disorders. While biofeedback is heavily researched in outpatient settings, it has been rarely investigated in psychosomatic inpatient settings. The implementation of an additional treatment option in inpatient settings holds special requirements. The aim of this pilot study is the evaluation of additional biofeedback treatment in an inpatient psychosomatic-psychotherapeutic unit to derive clinical implications and recommendations for the future implementation of biofeedback offers.MethodsThe evaluation of the implementation process was investigated using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach (following MMARS guidelines). Quantitative questionnaires measured patients’ acceptance and satisfaction with biofeedback treatment after receiving 10 sessions in addition to treatment as usual. After 6 months during implementation, qualitative interviews were conducted with biofeedback practitioners, i.e., staff nurses, examining acceptance and feasibility. Data analysis was conducted using either descriptive statistics or Mayring’s qualitative content analysis.ResultsIn total, 40 patients and 10 biofeedback practitioners were included. Quantitative questionnaires revealed high satisfaction and acceptance in patients regarding biofeedback treatment. Qualitative interviews showed high acceptance in biofeedback practitioners but revealed several challenges that were encountered during the implementation process, e.g., increased workload due to additional tasks, organizational and structural difficulties. However, biofeedback practitioners were enabled to expand their own competencies and take over a therapeutic part of the inpatient treatment.DiscussionEven though patient satisfaction and staff motivation are high, the implementation of biofeedback in an inpatient unit requires special actions to be taken. Not only should personnel resources be planned and available in advance of implementation but also be the workflow for biofeedback practitioners as easy and quality of biofeedback treatment as high as possible. Consequently, the implementation of a manualized biofeedback treatment should be considered. Nevertheless, more research needs to be done about suitable biofeedback protocols for this patient clientele.
Analysis of the status of social frailty in Chinese older adults with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Qi Xin , Jia Na , Hu Jiabin , Meng Ling-bing , Zeng Ping , Liu Junmeng , Shi Jing , Zeng Xuezhai , Li Hui , Zhang Qiuxia , Li Juan , Liu Deping 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundSocial frailty is one type of frailty. Physical frailty with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD) have been studied a lot, but less research on social frailty.ObjectivesTo study the prevalence, related risk factors and regional differences of social frailty with CCVD in Chinese older adults.MethodsSSAPUR was a national cross-sectional survey. Participants aged 60 years or older were recruited in August 2015. Demographic data and information regarding family, health and medical conditions, living environment conditions, social participation, spiritual and cultural life, and health condition were obtained. Social frailty was assessed in five areas (HALFE Social Frailty Index) including inability to help others, limited social participation, loneliness, financial difficulty, and living alone. The prevalence of CCVD with social frailty, related risk factors and regional differences in CCVD with social frailty were studied.ResultsA total of 222,179 participants were enrolled. 28.4% of them had CCVD history. The prevalence of social frailty in the CCVD group was 16.03%. In CCVD participants, compared with the group without social frailty, there were significant differences in gender, age, urban–rural distribution, ethnicity, marital status, and education levels in the social frailty group. Significant differences were also found in physical exercise participation, health status, cataract, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hospitalization within 1 year, self-assessed health status, crutch or wheelchair usage, urinary and fecal incontinence, need for care from others, fall history, housing satisfaction, and self-assessed happiness in the social frailty group. Women with CCVD had a higher prevalence of social frailty than men. By age in CCVD with social frailty, the highest prevalence was found in participants 75–79 years old. The prevalence of CCVD was significant difference between social frailty in urban and rural group. The prevalence of social frailty with CCVD was significantly different in different regions. The highest prevalence was 20.4% in southwest area, and the lowest prevalence was 12.5% in northeast with area.ConclusionThe prevalence of social frailty among the CCVD older adults is high. Factors such as gender, age, region, urban–rural residence, and the state of the disease may be associated with social frailty.
Stool Xpert MTB/RIF as a possible diagnostic alternative to sputum in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Segala Francesco Vladimiro , Papagni Roberta , Cotugno Sergio , De Vita Elda , Susini Maria Chiara , Filippi Valeria , Tulone Ottavia , Facci Enzo , Lattanzio Rossana , Marotta Claudia , Manenti Fabio , Bavaro Davide Fiore , De Iaco Giuseppina , Putoto Giovanni , Veronese Nicola , Barbagallo Mario , Saracino Annalisa , Di Gennaro Francesco 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionWorldwide, COVID-19 pandemic lead to a large fall in the number of newly reported TB cases. In sub-Saharan Africa, microbiological diagnosis of TB is generally based on smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF on sputum samples, but good quality sputum samples are often difficult to obtain, leading clinicians to rely on more invasive procedures for diagnosis. Aim of this study was to investigate pooled sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF on stool samples compared to respiratory microbiological reference standards in African countries.MethodsFour investigators independently searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science until 12th October 2022, then screened titles and abstracts of all potentially eligible articles. The authors applied the eligibility criteria, considered the full texts. All the studies reported the data regarding true positive (TP), true negative (TN), false positive (FP) and false negative (FN). Risk of bias and applicability concerns were assessed with the Quadas-2 tool.Resultsoverall, among 130 papers initially screened, we evaluated 47 works, finally including 13 papers for a total of 2,352 participants, mainly children. The mean percentage of females was 49.6%, whilst the mean percentage of patients reporting HIV was 27.7%. Pooled sensitivity for Xpert MTB/RIF assay for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis was 68.2% (95%CI: 61.1–74.7%) even if characterized by a high heterogeneity (I2=53.7%). Specificity was almost 100% (99%, 95%CI: 97–100%; I2 = 45.7%). When divided for reference standard, in the six studies using sputum and nasogastric aspirate the accuracy was optimal (AUC = 0.99, SE = 0.02), whilst in the studies using only sputum for tuberculosis detection the AUC was 0.85 (with a SE = 0.16). The most common source of bias was exclusion of enrolled patients in the analysis.ConclusionsOur study confirms that, in Africa, stool Xpert MTB/RIF may be a useful rule-in test for children above and below 5 years of age under evaluation for pulmonary tuberculosis. Sensitivity increased substantially when using both sputum and nasogastric aspirate as reference samples.
Assessing longitudinal housing status using Electronic Health Record data: a comparison of natural language processing, structured data, and patient-reported history
Authors: Chapman Alec B. , Cordasco Kristina , Chassman Stephanie , Panadero Talia , Agans Dylan , Jackson Nicholas , Clair Kimberly , Nelson Richard , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Tsai Jack , Finley Erin , Gabrielian Sonya 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionMeasuring long-term housing outcomes is important for evaluating the impacts of services for individuals with homeless experience. However, assessing long-term housing status using traditional methods is challenging. The Veterans Affairs (VA) Electronic Health Record (EHR) provides detailed data for a large population of patients with homeless experiences and contains several indicators of housing instability, including structured data elements (e.g., diagnosis codes) and free-text clinical narratives. However, the validity of each of these data elements for measuring housing stability over time is not well-studied.MethodsWe compared VA EHR indicators of housing instability, including information extracted from clinical notes using natural language processing (NLP), with patient-reported housing outcomes in a cohort of homeless-experienced Veterans.ResultsNLP achieved higher sensitivity and specificity than standard diagnosis codes for detecting episodes of unstable housing. Other structured data elements in the VA EHR showed promising performance, particularly when combined with NLP.DiscussionEvaluation efforts and research studies assessing longitudinal housing outcomes should incorporate multiple data sources of documentation to achieve optimal performance.
Evidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) in the pre-implementation phase: key steps and activities
Authors: Swindle Taren , Baloh Jure , Landes Sara J. , Lovelady Nakita N. , Vincenzo Jennifer L. , Hamilton Alison B. , Zielinski Melissa J. , Teeter Benjamin S. , Gorvine Margaret M. , Curran Geoffrey M. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEvidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) involves researchers and local partners working collaboratively to support the uptake of an evidence-based intervention (EBI). To date, EBQI has not been consistently included in community-engaged dissemination and implementation literature. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the steps, activities, and outputs of EBQI in the pre-implementation phase.MethodsThe research team applied comparative case study methods to describe key steps, activities, and outputs of EBQI across seven projects. Our approach included: (1) specification of research questions, (2) selection of cases, (3) construction of a case codebook, (4) coding of cases using the codebook, and (5) comparison of cases.ResultsThe cases selected included five distinct settings (e.g., correction facilities, community pharmacies), seven EBIs (e.g., nutrition promotion curriculum, cognitive processing therapy) and five unique lead authors. Case examples include both community-embedded and clinically-oriented projects. Key steps in the EBQI process included: (1) forming a local team of partners and experts, (2) prioritizing implementation determinants based on existing literature/data, (3) selecting strategies and/or adaptations in the context of key determinants, (4) specifying selected strategies/adaptations, and (5) refining strategies/adaptations. Examples of activities are included to illustrate how each step was achieved. Outputs included prioritized determinants, EBI adaptations, and implementation strategies.ConclusionsA primary contribution of our comparative case study is the delineation of various steps and activities of EBQI, which may contribute to the replicability of the EBQI process across other implementation research projects.
Dispersal Behavior Characters of Spodoptera frugiperda Larvae
Authors: Li Yong-Ping , Yao Su-Yi , Feng Dan , Haack Robert A. , Yang Yang , Hou Jia-Lan , Ye Hui 
Published: May 2023

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of corn worldwide. FAW larval dispersal is an important life strategy that influences FAW population distribution in corn fields and subsequent plant damage. We studied FAW larval dispersal in the laboratory with sticky plates placed around the test plant and a unidirectional airflow source. Crawling and ballooning were the main dispersal means of FAW larvae both within and between corn plants. All larval instars (1st–6th) could disperse by crawling, with crawling being the only dispersal mechanism for 4th–6th instars. By crawling, FAW larvae could reach all aboveground parts of a corn plant as well as adjacent corn plants where leaves overlapped. Ballooning was used primarily by 1st-3rd instar larvae, and the proportion of these larvae that used ballooning decreased with age. Ballooning was largely governed by the larva’s interaction with airflow. Airflow influenced the direction and distance of larval ballooning. With an airflow speed of about 0.05 m/s, 1st instars could travel up to 196 cm from the test plant, indicating that long-distance FAW larval dispersal depends on ballooning. These results increase our understanding of FAW larval dispersal and provide scientific information for the development of FAW monitoring and control strategies.
Feasibility of a placebo-controlled trial of antibiotics for possible urinary tract infection in care homes: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Wilcox Christopher R , Worswick Louise , Muller Ingrid , Moore Abigail , Hayward Gail , Lown Mark , Moore Michael , Little Paul , Francis Nick 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDiagnosis of suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in care and nursing home residents is commonly based on vague non-localising symptoms (for example, confusion), potentially leading to inappropriate antibiotic prescription. The safety of withholding antibiotics in such cases could be addressed by a randomised controlled trial (RCT); however, this would require close monitoring of residents, and support from care home staff, clinicians, residents, and families.AimTo explore the views of residential care and nursing home staff (herein referred to as care home staff) and primary care clinicians on the feasibility and design of a potential RCT of antibiotics for suspected UTI in care home residents, with no localising urinary symptoms.Design & settingA qualitative interview study with primary care clinicians and care home staff in the UK.MethodSemi-structured interviews with 16 care home staff and 11 primary care clinicians were thematically analysed.ResultsParticipants were broadly supportive of the proposed RCT. The safety of residents was a priority and there was strong support for using the RESTORE2 (Recognise Early Soft Signs, Take Observations, Respond, Escalate) assessment tool to monitor residents; however, there were concerns about associated training requirements, especially for night and temporary staff. Effective communication (with residents, families, and staff) was deemed essential, and carers were confident that residents and families would be supportive of the RCT if the rationale was clearly explained and safety systems were robust. There were mixed views on a placebo-controlled design. The perceived additional burden was seen as a potential barrier, and the use of temporary staff and the out-of-hours period were highlighted as potential risk areas.ConclusionThe support for this potential trial was encouraging. Future development will need to prioritise resident safety (especially in the out-of-hours period), effective communication, and minimising additional burden on staff to optimise recruitment.
Menelisik Pola Berpikir Koruptif Para Pedagang Licik: Sebuah Tinjauan Teologis atas Teks Amos 8:4-8
Authors: Hauw Siang Suk , Dirgaprimawan Bernadus 
Published: May 2023

This article aims at investigating the craftiness of wicked merchants as illustrated in the Book of Amos chapter 8:4-8. By employing a close reading as a chosen approach to that particular text, it will be discussed how corruptive minds of those merchants preceed their unjust acts. A close reading is a synchronic approach that Mfocuses on every detail of the story, in particular on the plot and the characterization. Every word coming from the mouth of a character, enhanced with his action, carries significant weight and thus contributes to the fuller description of his personality. This article, therefore, is interested in examining the inner thought of these cunning merchants. In chapter 8:4-8, they deliberately set the poor in a trap, even when these miserable people cannot afford to buy the refuse of the wheat. Then, as calculated by these evil merchants, the poor have to sell themselves in order to have something to eat. This article also aims at showing the reader that for the author of the Book of Amos, corruptive minds of those merchants degrade human dignity. Such a corruptive mentality leads to a larger social injustice. It seems that this author wants remind the reader to be cautious whenever a corruptive mind begins to occupy one’s thought.