bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Progress: The Journal of Student-Run Clinics
Authors: Kruger Jessica , Chen Kevin 
Published: May 2023

The second issue of the Journal of Student-Run Clinics features a perspective article, an original research article, and two descriptive reports. The perspective article explores the contemporary progress of student-run clinics as narrated by current and past leaders of the Society of Student-Run Free Clinics (SSRFC) in context of the upcoming SSRFC Annual Conference. The original study investigates why faculty members volunteer at student-run clinics and gives insights as to how to improve faculty involvement. The descriptive reports outline an urban eye health initiative and how one osteopathic clinic cares for the rural underserved. Members of twenty-six institutions and five health disciplines have participated in the journal as of the second issue. Nine articles were reviewed for this issue, and four were published.
Measuring Clinical Reasoning and Interprofessional Attitudes
Authors: Johnson Emily , Seif Gretchen , Coker-Bolt Patty , Kraft Sara 
Published: May 2023

Background: Interprofessional learning, collaboration and clinical reasoning are vital in medical education and medical care in order to best meet the needs of todayâ€™s patients. Student-run free clinics are a type of learning experience that can foster interprofessionalism and develop clinical reasoning skills. Ongoing evaluation of student attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge related to interprofessionalism and clinical reasoning are beneficial in order to continually improve education and curricula and maximize student learning outcomes. While numerous tools exist to measure student attitudes toward interprofessionalism and clinical reasoning skills, there is a lack of high quality measurement tools in this field. Methods: This study completed an exploratory factor analysis of the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning (SACRR) and the Interprofessional Education Scale (IEPS) to develop a new shortened interprofessional and clinical reasoning evaluation tool to measure student perceptions of interprofessionalism and clinical reasoning skills. Results: Factor analysis of SACRR yielded 4 factors, and RIPLS yielded 3 factors. In an overall exploratory factor analysis of SACRR and IEPS together, 11 significant factors emerged, with 5 of the factors having questions that loaded to them. Thirteen total questions loaded to each of the factors, forming the basis for a new survey tool.Conclusions: This new shortened survey tool can be beneficial to measuring interprofessional student learning outcomes and enhancing medical education, thereby improving the overall quality of health care delivery.
Development and Evaluation of a Student-Led Mental Health Promotion Workshop to Address Community Needs for Marginalized Populations in Urban Northern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Eton Vic , Semalulu Teresa , Desruisseaux Tiffany , Kuehner Zachary , Leinonen Esa , McCann Jessica , Petrick Carmen , Hoy Jennifer T , Lagadouro Dyane , Young Athena , McPhail Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

Background: Compass North is a student-led health outreach initiative in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. A current unmet need in Thunder Bay identified in a previously published community needs assessment is mental health services. Women, youth, senior, Indigenous, and LGBT2-SQ populations were disproportionately affected. In response to these perceived gaps in services, a subcommittee of Compass North developed, delivered, and evaluated mental health workshops.Methods: Affiliations with Shelter House Thunder Bay (SH) and Anishnawbe Mushkiki Thunder Bay Aboriginal Health Access Centre (AM) were established. Six interactive workshops were developed and delivered over eight months. Likert scale-based evaluation surveys gauging workshop participant and presenter satisfaction with content were used. Attendance and return attendance were additional markers of success. Results: A total of 36 participant surveys were completed between both sites. Response rates were 74% and 84% at SH and AM, respectively. Workshop content was well-received by participants and helped address some unmet health education needs. Attendance increased with time at SH.Conclusions: These interactive workshops are one way of addressing unmet community needs in Thunder Bay while maintaining a community presence prior to establishing a fully functional student-run clinic (SRC). They comprise a potentially valuable stage in development of a SRC.
Comparison of the Health Status of Uninsured Diabetic Patients Presenting for an Initial Visit to an Urban Free Clinic to Diabetic Patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Dalrymple Nathan , Hidalgo Michael , Desai Anjali 
Published: May 2023

Background: We compare the health status of uninsured diabetic patients presenting for their initial visit at the Cooper Rowan Clinic (CRC) to insured and uninsured diabetic respondents of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). By establishing a baseline health status of CRC patients and comparing to NHANES respondents, we aim to identify how insurance status may be associated with health outcomes of this at-risk population.
Methods: CRC patients with diabetes and insured and uninsured NHANES respondents with diabetes were compared based on health indicator goals established by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Specifically, we used chi-squared tests to compare the proportion of individuals in each group that met ADA health indicator goals for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Then, we used post hoc one-way ANOVA to identify significant differences in the mean measurements of each of the health indicators.
Results: CRC patients presenting at their initial visit have higher mean HbA1c than insured NHANES respondents (p<0.001) but similar mean HbA1c to uninsured NHANES respondents. CRC patients at their initial visit have higher blood pressures compared to insured and uninsured NHANES respondents (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in HDL and LDL between groups.
Conclusions: This study adds to the literature describing the health status of uninsured diabetics. We show a positive association between insurance status and the control of HbA1c and blood pressure but no effect on HDL or LDL. CRC patients at their initial visit are less likely to be at blood pressure goal than both insured and uninsured NHANES respondents.
Is Stability Sufficient? Challenging the Status Quo via Needs Assessment in a 22-Year-Old Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: Rizzo Gabriella , Elkhatib Safwan , Geske Jenenne , Menning Melanie , Christiansen Hannah 
Published: May 2023

Background: An increase in the utilization of student-run free clinics (SRFCs) as an adjunct to early healthcare student training begs the question of whether SRFCs are meeting expectations of stakeholders, particularly students, faculty, and staff. The objective of our study was to perform a needs assessment of clinic stakeholders to assess whether their expectations regarding clinic purpose and performance were being met.
Methods: Clinical leadership at an interdisciplinary SRFC affiliated with an academic medical center in Omaha, Nebraska sent a needs assessment survey to all students, faculty, and staff at the affiliated academic medical center. The responses were coded and analyzed via descriptive statistics.
Results: The survey demonstrated that the clinics met key stakeholder priorities in patient care and education and identified some anticipated areas for improvement. It also illuminated several previously unknown and unmet stakeholder expectations, including needs for higher visibility, desire for expanded volunteer roles, discovery of an untapped pool of potential volunteers, and desire for significant improvements to the interdisciplinary process.
Conclusions: The needs assessment survey identified specific areas of unmet needs that have implications for the ability of the SRFC to operate and serve patients with quality and efficiency.
Addressing Dermatologic Health Disparities: Characterization of a Free Dermatology Clinic for an Uninsured Population
Authors: O'Connell Katie , Bartholomew Erin , Villanueva Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Background: Barriers to accessing dermatologic care are important to address for individuals without health insurance. This report aims to highlight dermatologic health disparities facing the uninsured population, to demonstrate the invaluable impact a monthly student-run free clinic can have on this population, and to encourage the implementation of dermatologic free clinics at other institutions.
Methods: Data was collected using the electronic medical record â€œChart Reportsâ€ tool to create a query for total dermatology visits from 2012-2019. Records were reviewed and descriptive data was collected on diagnoses, medications, procedures, and follow-up rates of a student-run dermatology free clinic from 2012-2019.
Results: Over this period, dermatologic care was provided to 215 patients and a total of 321 diagnoses were made. The most common diagnoses included atopic dermatitis (26), seborrheic keratosis (21), and acne (17). Twenty-three skin cancer diagnoses were made, including 13 basal cell carcinomas, 8 squamous cell carcinomas, one case of melanoma, and one case of nonmelanoma skin cancer, unspecified.
Conclusion: A higher prevalence of atopic dermatitis, melanoma, and non-melanoma skin cancer has been reported in ethnic minorities and people of low socioeconomic status. This aligns with our results and these findings highlight the significant need for improved access to dermatologic screening and follow-up for individuals without health insurance. This report also shows the unique opportunity free clinics have to address dermatologic health disparities in the local community.
Findings from a Qualitative Needs Assessment of Equal Access Birmingham, a Student-Run Free Clinic in the Southern United States
Authors: Chilukuri Pranaya , Williams Collier , Dowla Shima , Paul Shejuti , Sheets Lindsay , Zinski Anne , Van Wagoner Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

Background: Student-run free clinics (SRFCs) are becoming increasingly common across the United States. To better understand clientele and improve these organizations, it is important to assess patient feedback about SRFC services. This study is based on Equal Access Birmingham (EAB), a SRFC that aims to provide and improve quality healthcare for underserved populations in central Alabama. A qualitative needs assessment of patients receiving care at EAB has not yet been performed. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore EAB clientsâ€™ perceived health needs, health-related behaviors, and access to healthcare.
Methods: Clients were recruited to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews at EAB. Major themes included barriers to healthcare, primary health concerns, individual health behaviors, and patterns of clinic utilization.
Results: The study analyzed 16 patient interviews. Participants stated that cost, transportation, and housing were barriers to healthcare. Their main health concerns were hypertension (cited by 21% of participants), diabetes (21%), pain (21%), and mental health management (21%). Ninety-four percent of study participants reported relying on EAB to obtain medication refills. Respondents also reported accessing the clinic for mental health issues, and many used EAB as their primary care provider.
Conclusions: Despite numerous barriers, EAB was the source of primary healthcare and medications for many respondents. This qualitative investigation identified specific concerns and noteworthy strengths that may extend to other SRFCs.
Occupational Therapy Student-Run Free Clinic: Mutual Benefits in Expanded Homeless and Health Services and Clinical Skills Development
Authors: Drummond Ronald , Koziol Cassidy , Yeats Hunter , Tyminski Quinn 
Published: May 2023

Background: Evidence indicates occupational therapy (OT) services can address the unmet needs of individuals experiencing homelessness (IEH) to promote health, engagement in meaningful activities, and independent living skills. Additionally, student-run free clinics (SRFCs) are an effective method for developing clinical skills while providing needed services for the community. Based on the available evidence, a student-run OT clinic was developed in partnership with a local homeless services agency. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the services established in an OT SRFC in a homeless population to determine the initial effectiveness of the clinic for students and clients. It was hypothesized that the SRFC would increase student perceived clinical skills and provide mutual benefit to clients.
Methods: Participants of this SRFC included 17 OT students (n=10 doctoral students, n=7 masters students) and 70 IEH since its opening in Fall 2018. OT students developed and implemented evidenced-based group and individual interventions designed to address health, wellness, and quality of life for the homeless population. Student skills competency, confidence, and client satisfaction were regularly evaluated through survey. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine statistical differences.
Results: Results indicate that clients are satisfied with clinic services, studentsâ€™ engagement, and some positive changes in independent living skills. Students reported statistically significant improvement in competency of professional behaviors (p<0.001) and interventions (p=0.003).
Conclusion: Providing OT services through an SRFC is a promising approach to service delivery within the homeless population due to the mutual benefit for students to increase clinical and interpersonal skills and attitudes in preparation for entry-level practice.
Contraception Use and Counseling at a Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: Pitre Amanda , Mulla Yamini , Arboleda Bianca , Nguyen Eliza , Stewart Heather , Hale Emma , Cook Elizabeth , Shahin Alexander , Guerra Lucy , Trehy Deborah , Hanna Karim , Gonzalez Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

Background: In the United States, about half of all pregnancies are unplanned. Unplanned pregnancy carries increased risks to patient and fetus and is increased independently by both poverty and being a racial or ethnic minority. The purpose of this study was to examine the percentage and types of contraceptives used by patients at the student-run Building Relationships and Initiatives Dedicated to Gaining Equality (BRIDGE) Healthcare Clinic and determine if clinic staff provided appropriate annual contraceptive counseling.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all active BRIDGE patients that were female and aged 18-60 between 2015 and 2020. Information collected included demographics, obstetric history, tobacco use, medical history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or hypertension, and contraception use.
Results: Of 145 patients reviewed, 77.2% used contraception at some point during the study period. Surgical contraception was the most common form used. No patients with a documented history of DVT or tobacco use used estrogen-containing contraception during the study period. One patient out of the twenty with documented hypertension used an estrogen-containing form of contraception for one year.
Conclusions: Overall, our clinic counseled the majority of patients of child-bearing age on contraception use. Contraception use in our population is above the national average and is appropriately prescribed.
A Look into Motivations and Barriers to Student Involvement at the SHARING Clinic, a Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: McIntire Benjamin , Greni Susan , Radil Stephanie , Menning Melanie 
Published: May 2023

Background: The University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) is the host of a student-run free clinic (SRFC) called SHARING (Student Health Alliance Reaching Indigent Needy Groups) which has been serving uninsured patients in the Omaha metro area since 1997. Interprofessional student volunteers from medicine, pharmacy, nursing, medical laboratory science, physical therapy, and physician assis-tant programs operate under the supervision of an attending physician at each clinic. As a quality improvement project regarding volunteer recruitment, a survey of students was undertaken to de-termine the motivations and barriers to participation at SHARING.
Methods: An anonymous, web-based survey hosted on Microsoft Forms was sent once to current UNMC students using their institutional email addresses. The survey included Likert scale as well as open- and closed-ended questions. Themes were identified in the responses to the open-ended ques-tions and tallied.
Results: Out of 1,310 students surveyed, 137 participated for a response rate of 10.5%. Of those who responded, 65% had previously volunteered at SHARING, and their top motivators included gaining clinical experience and helping people in need of free healthcare. Likert scale questions indicated that volunteers were satisfied with their experiences and improved their empathy, clinical reasoning, and interprofessional skills. Of those who had not participated at SHARING, the top barriers were reported to be lack of time for volunteering and feeling inadequately prepared to offer medical care.
Conclusion: Decreasing barriers to participation is important for a successful SRFC to be staffed by busy student volunteers. Suggestions for improved participation included a more detailed training program, more flexibility in clinic scheduling, academic incentives such as awards/recognition, and prioritization of advertising efforts. Due to the limited number of respondents to this survey, a wider study may give more detailed feedback that could lead to further quality improvement measures.
Pre-Visit Planning Calls Conducted by Student Pharmacists at a Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: Maranets Michael , Harmer Kathryn , Vordenberg Sarah , Thompson Amy 
Published: May 2023

Background: Student pharmacist participation in Student-Run Free Clinics (SRFCs) has not been well studied. Similarly, there is not much data for the use of pre-visit planning calls in the SRFC setting. Our SRFC is open two days a week and staffed by a multidisciplinary team of medical, nursing, pharmacy, and social work students that are supervised by physicians, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and clinical social worker preceptors. The objective of our project is to determine the impact of pre-visit telephone calls on the accuracy of existing medication lists in the electronic health record (EHR) and the identification of medication therapy-related problems.
Methods: We developed a pre-visit planning call protocol to perform medication reconciliation and identify medication therapy problems (MTPs). Trained student pharmacists called patients prior to their scheduled medical appointment to update their medication list in the EHR and conduct a preliminary assessment of MTPs. We recorded patient demographics, including age, gender, race, co-morbid conditions, medication changes documented in the EHR, and potential MTPs. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patient population and medication changes.
Results: A total of 111 patients participated in 135 patient encounters. Among prescription medications, there were 36 additions, 34 removals, and 97 adjustments to directions. There were 147 nonprescription products added, 34 removed, and 56 adjustments to directions. There were 16 situations in which a patient may have needed additional medication therapy, 14 drug-drug interactions, 12 adverse medication events, and five problems requiring additional monitoring. The median call was 5 minutes in duration.
Conclusion: Student pharmacists were able to conduct pre-visit planning telephone calls to improve the accuracy of medication lists and conduct a preliminary assessment of MTPs prior to patient visits at the SRFC.
Evaluating the Prescribing Patterns of Antihypertensive Medications in a Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: Sandra Cabezas  , Grant Kahkashan , Clark John 
Published: May 2023

Background: Hypertension is one of the most widespread disease states and a high-risk factor for developing other cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and coronary disease. In the uninsured population, uncontrolled blood pressure is primarily due to limited access to healthcare. While there has been a review to assess the quality of hypertension management provided at the Building Relationships and Initiatives Dedicated to Gaining Equality (BRIDGE) Clinic, this study will evaluate the prescribing patterns of antihypertensives at the clinic and assess whether the clinic is adhering to current treatment guidelines.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for BRIDGE patients 18 years and older that were diagnosed with hypertension between 2012 and 2021. The drug classes studied included thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The initial and maintenance doses were compared to Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-recommended dosing to determine if the appropriate doses were prescribed.
Results: A total of 123 patient charts were reviewed. 54.7% of patients with Stage 1 hypertension were initially started on only one medication. For Stage 1 maintenance, 47.3% of the patients were continued on only one medication. In patients with Stage 2, 45.8 % were initially started on a combination of 2 or more medications. For Stage 2 maintenance, 79.2% of the patients were continued on a combination of 2 or more medications. Patients with Stage 1 had prescribing patterns that did not adhere to guidelines while most Stage 2 patients adhered to guidelines.
Conclusions: The results suggest that the BRIDGE Healthcare Clinic may be prescribing antihypertensive medications that do not entirely follow the prescribing patterns recommended by the Joint National Committee (JNC) 8 guidelines, which may impact effective treatment outcomes.
Le programme l’Allié : une alliance autour de l’élève de deuxième ou troisième cycle du primaire manifestant des difficultés de comportement de type externalisé
Authors: Desbiens Nadia , Bowen François , Pascal Sophie , Janosz Michel 
Published: May 2023

Cet article présente une description du programme d’intervention l’Allié. Conçu pour répondre aux besoins exprimés par le milieu scolaire dans sa prise en charge des élèves présentant des difficultés d’ordre comportemental de type externalisé, ce programme vise à prévenir la cristallisation et l’aggravation de ces difficultés chez les jeunes âgés de 8 à 12 ans. Le programme comprend deux volets complémentaires : 1) un volet d’intervention auprès d’élèves présentant des difficultés de comportement impliquant des camarades de classe (pairs aidants) et visant l’acquisition d’habiletés sociales et à la résolution de problèmes interpersonnels et 2) un volet d’intervention pour leurs parents visant à améliorer les habiletés parentales et les pratiques éducatives. L’intervention cherche, d’une part, à renforcer les facteurs de protection en soutenant le développement des compétences cognitives, comportementales et sociales des élèves et, d’autre part, à contrer certains facteurs de risque déjà présents dans la trajectoire de développement des jeunes.
Le programme l’Allié mise sur une approche d’enseignement interactive et sur des stratégies d’intervention diversifiées pour favoriser l’adoption, le maintien et la généralisation de comportements associés à la compétence sociale chez les enfants manifestant des difficultés de comportement. La complexité de la mise en oeuvre du programme s’avère toutefois une préoccupation importante, autant pour les concepteurs du programme que pour les écoles qui le mettent en place. La discussion aborde les conditions favorables à la mise en oeuvre d’un programme multimodal et propose un modèle gradué d’implantation respectant les besoins particuliers du milieu scolaire qui l’applique.