bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability analysis of tunnel composite liner using convergence-confinement method and support capacity diagram – A case study of the Notog railway tunnel in Indonesia
Authors: Prassetyo S H , Wattimena R K , Widodo N P , Simangunsong G M , Rai M A , Sulistianto B , Okatrisza Y , Septiyanto E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a case study of the stability of a tunnel composite liner using the convergence-confinement method (CCM) and a support capacity diagram by means of 2-D numerical analysis. The height of the loose zone and the induced loads exerted on the composite liner from the numerical analysis are compared to the empirical calculation proposed by Terzaghi’s rock load theory. The case study is taken from a recently completed double-track railway tunnel located in Notog district, Central Java, Indonesia. The numerical result shows the loose zone height is 15 m or roughly 1.5B, where B = tunnel width, giving rock load of 32 ton/m2 and composite liner FoS of 2.4. This is within the estimates obtained from Terzaghi’s rock load theory, which amounts to 12-21 m, giving the rock load of 25-46 ton/m2 and corresponding composite liner FoS of 3.1 to 1.7. It is also observed that each supporting element in the composite liner can sustain the induced loads due to excavation, with FoS well beyond 2.0. Compared to the supporting capacity of each supporting element, the loads carried by the steel-sets are significantly lower than those carried by the shotcrete.
Numerical modelling of rock fragmentation for TBM based on peridynamics
Authors: Li Yuanbai , Liu Jie , Xue Yadong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of tunnelling engineering construction, especially the deep buried long tunnels, the full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have been widely used in excavation process because of its significant advantages including fast advance rate, excellent safety, low disturbance to surrounding rock, and so on. Figuring out clearly the rock fragmentation mechanism is very important for a tunnel project, which attracts extensive attention worldwide all the time. In this study, a 3D model of rock fragmentation induced by a disc cutter was established based on peridynamic theory (PD) to explore and comprehend it. Based on the reasonable values of the model parameters, a series of numerical simulation tests were implemented to investigate the evolution cracks with increase of the penetration. The simulation results shown that the entire process of rock breaking had a good agreement by comparing with results in existing literature. In this paper, the proposed model based on PD provided a novel approach to study further the rock fragmentation mechanism taking more complex conditions into consideration in the future.
A numerical study on THM coupled behavior in the high-level radioactive waste disposal system
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Park Chan-Hee , Lee Changsoo , Kim Jin-Seop 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It is essential to securely isolate high-level radioactive waste from the biosphere, and geologic disposal of it at a deep underground repository is considered the most effective method. Therefore, it is crucial to research the complex thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) coupled behavior in geological disposal systems parallel with numerical simulation. DECOVALEX is an international cooperating project to efficiently develop numerical methods and models and validate through test results for predicting the THMC interactions in the disposal systems. In Task C of DECOVALEX-2023, the modeling teams focus on understanding pore pressure development and THM interactions in the host rock and buffer material during the FE experiment, a 1:1 scale in-situ heater test based on Nagra’s Reference repository design. We used OGS-FLAC3D for the numerical simulation, combining OpenGeoSys for TH simulation and FLAC3D for M simulation. At the first phase of the task, a simple two-dimensional benchmark problem was defined to set up the numerical model. THM coupled processes in the bentonite were simulated with a two-phase flow system, and we investigated the temperature and pressure variations on the given monitoring position. Vaporization induced by a temperature increase in the bentonite was observed at the heater’s vicinity, and flow occurred by capillarity, and pressure difference was well simulated. Additionally, the flow process was dominant in the near field of engineering barrier, while we observed thermal pressurization in the far-field area. We plan to apply the developed model to a full-scale three-dimensional numerical simulation for the next phase.
Interpretation of changing pore pressure on heated unsaturated/saturated bentonite-sand mixture
Authors: Nishimura T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Generation of electricity in nuclear power plants have supply further energy to society in the world, and remain arising of radioactive waste as results of performance industry with activity. Radioactive waste has to be isolated from the human habitat for absolutely so long time period until its radioactivity has decayed to an innocuous situation. To end disposal completely, every country operated Nuclear Energy plant foresees further deep geological repository. This study focused on couple phenomena associate to THMC properties for bentonite-sand mixture that particularly, soil moisture movement and occurrence of fluid pressure under maximum temperature 80 degrees Celsius. Modified stainless mould contributed on a series of testing, which had specialized pressure sensor having high temperature resistance. Used materials are sodium bentonite and silica sand. Also, salinity water comparison to distilled water on soil moisture movement under heating for saturated bentonite-sand mixture. Other hand, it is obviously that fluid pressure in bentonite-san mixture induced by heating increased due to increment temperature, and obtained pressures were difference with location point for measurement in specimen. Heating action applied to specimens under isotopically conductivity.
Visco-elastic constitutive law to simulate large creep deformations using particle based simulation approach
Authors: Zhang Miao , Konietzky Heinz , Herbst Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
So far there are only very few publications which consider large creep deformations of solids using particle based approaches, however large creep deformations will occur in underground salt or soft rock pillars after decades even hundred years. This paper is dedicated towards a specific constitutive model called BurgerFG which is based on SSPM (Stiff Spherical Particle Method). The implementation is performed in the particle based software PFC3D. A solution for time-step optimization to simulate long-term creep processes is proposed. The model allows to simulate creep including damage and healing processes like typically observed for salt material under loading.
Impact identification on flexible rockfall barriers: on site test of a wireless monitoring system
Authors: Segalini A , Valletta A , Carri A , Savi R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Flexible rockfall barriers represent an effective measure to mitigate hazard related to falling boulders. The monitoring activity of these protection structures is essential to guarantee their functionality, and usually aims to verify the barrier conditions and to identify any impact on the net. The system here presented, called D-Fence, was specifically developed for the realtime monitoring of flexible rockfall barriers. It consists of a series of separate battery-powered devices installed on the uprights of the monitored structure and transmit data to the elaboration center through a wireless local network. Each module includes a 3D tilt sensor, allowing the near real-time monitoring of the rotation of the uprights, while the integration of a shock sensor makes it possible to measure in real-time the accelerations experienced by the barrier. The onsite test of the D-Fence system involved the installation of four modules on a prototype barrier located in a pilot site in Northern Italy. Each device was placed on a different upright and was connected to a local Wi-Fi network. In this configuration, two different concrete boulders were dropped on the barrier in order to test the D-Fence ability to measure the tilt variation of the uprights and identify the overcoming of a predefined acceleration threshold.
Stress wave analysis of high-voltage pulse discharge rock fragmentation based on plasma channel impedance model
Authors: HUANG Shijie , LIU Yi , ZHAO Yong , XU Youlai , LIN Fuchang , LI Hua , ZHANG Qin , LI Liuxia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-voltage pulse discharge (HVPD) rock fragmentation controls a plasma channel forming inside the rock by adjusting the electrical parameters, electrode type, etc. In this work, an HVPD rock fragmentation test platform was built and the test waveforms were measured. Considering the effects of temperature, channel expansion and electromagnetic radiation, the impedance model of the plasma channel in the rock was established. The parameters and initial values of the model were determined by an iterative computational process. The model calculation results can reasonably characterize the development of the plasma channel in the rock and estimate the shock wave characteristics. Based on the plasma channel impedance model, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the radial stress and tangential stress in the rock were calculated, and the rock fragmentation effect of the HVPD was analyzed.
Chronic pain in people living with dementia: challenges to recognising and managing pain, and personalising intervention by phenotype
Authors: Collins Jemima T , Harwood Rowan H , Cowley Alison , Di Lorito Claudio , Ferguson Eamonn , Minicucci Marcos F , Howe Louise , Masud Tahir , Ogliari Giulia , O’Brien Rebecca , Azevedo Paula S , Walsh David A , Gladman John R F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pain is common in people with dementia, and pain can exacerbate the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Effective pain management is challenging, not least in people with dementia. Impairments of cognition, communication and abstract thought can make communicating pain unreliable or impossible. It is unclear which biopsychosocial interventions for pain management are effective in people with dementia, and which interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are effective in people with pain. The result is that drugs, physical therapies and psychological therapies might be either underused or overused. People with dementia and pain could be helped by assessment processes that characterise an individual’s pain experience and dementia behaviours in a mechanistic manner, phenotyping. Chronic pain management has moved from a ‘one size fits all’ approach, towards personalised medicine, where interventions recommended for an individual depend upon the key mechanisms underlying their pain, and the relative values they place on benefits and adverse effects. Mechanistic phenotyping through careful personalised evaluation would define the mechanisms driving pain and dementia behaviours in an individual, enabling the formulation of a personalised intervention strategy. Central pain processing mechanisms are particularly likely to be important in people with pain and dementia, and interventions to accommodate and address these may be particularly helpful, not only to relieve pain but also the symptoms of dementia.
A novel prognostic nomogram for older patients with acute-on-chronic liver diseases (AoCLD): a nationwide, multicentre, prospective cohort study
Authors: Zou Ju , Li Hai , Deng Guohong , Wang Xianbo , Zheng Xin , Chen Jinjun , Meng Zhongji , Zheng Yubao , Gao Yanhang , Qian Zhiping , Liu Feng , Lu Xiaobo , Shi Yu , Shang Jia , Huang Yan , Chen Ruochan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
the incidence of acute-on-chronic liver disease (AoCLD) is increasing.

Objective
to investigate the clinical features and risk factors of AoCLD and construct an effective prognostic nomogram model for older patients with AoCLD.

Methods
data from 3,970 patients included in the CATCH-LIFE study were used, including 2,600 and 1,370 patients in the training and validation sets, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictive risk factors in older individuals, and an easy-to-use nomogram was established. Performance was assessed using area under the curve, calibration plots and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results
of the 3,949 patients with AoCLD, 809 were older with a higher proportion of autoimmune-related abnormalities, hepatitis C viral infection and schistosomiasis. In the older patient group, the incidence of cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), infection, ascites and gastrointestinal bleeding; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), aspartate-to-alanine transaminase ratio (AST/ALT), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were higher, whereas incidence of acute-on-chronic liver failure, white blood cell, platelet and haemoglobin levels; albumin, total bilirubin (TB), AST and ALT levels; international normalised ratio (INR), estimated glomerular filtration rate and blood potassium levels were lower than in the younger group. The final nomogram was developed based on the multivariate Cox analysis in training cohort using six risk factors: ascites, HE grades, NLR, TB, INR and AST/ALT. Liver transplantation-free mortality predictions were comparable between the training and validation sets. DCA showed higher net benefit for the nomograph than the treat-all or treat-none strategies, with wider threshold probabilities ranges.

Conclusions
our analysis will assist clinical predictions and prognoses in older patients with AoCLD.
Hydrostatic Penetration Testing of Protective Glove Materials Using Water and Synthetic Blood to Evaluate Hole Size and Screen Mesh Using an Automated Pressure Delivery System
Authors: Cohen-Gómez Eva , Ruz Mario L , Hoyas-Pablos Eva Mª , Vázquez Francisco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere are several international standards that address the resistance of chemical protective clothing materials to the penetration by liquids. The hydrostatic pressure has been documented to discriminate between protective clothing material performance and correlates with visual penetration results that are obtained with human factors validation. The same methodology, based on hydrostatic pressure equipment, is referenced also in other standards addressing penetration resistance of protective clothing and glove materials against synthetic blood or blood-borne pathogens. In this study, we present an automated hydrostatic penetration testing that integrates testing procedures from several standards to evaluate the resistance of materials to penetration by liquids under pressure. The automated control system allows the user to select a specific test method and automatically sets a stepped pressurization protocol to test the material. A pass or a fail result is produced at a certain time and pressure. As an example of application, the penetration of synthetic blood was assessed through gloves made from different materials with ISO 16603, method B, one of the five possible penetration methods and protocols available in the test equipment. The results indicate that the developed system facilitates the application of test methods used to evaluate the barrier effectiveness against liquids of materials used for protective clothing and gloves and show up that the characteristics of the retention grid used have a decisive influence on the test results. In some of the tested glove materials, holes were intentionally performed with needles with different gauges. The capacity of pinhole detection in gloves was evaluated according to the test method selected and compared with results obtained with the classic water leak test method for gloves described in EN ISO 374-2.
A diet supplemented with cholic acid elevates blood pressure accompanied by albuminuria in rats
Authors: Shimoda Tomoko , Shimizu Hidehisa , Iwasaki Wakana , Liu Hongxia , Kamo Yoshie , Tada Koji , Hanai Taketo , Hori Shota , Joe Ga-Hyun , Tanaka Yasutake , Sato Masao , Miyazaki Hitoshi , Ishizuka Satoshi 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTA diet supplemented with cholic acid (CA), the primary 12α-hydroxylated bile acid, can induce hepatic lipid accumulation in rats without obesity. This study examined the effects of a CA-supplemented diet on blood pressure (BP). After acclimation, WKAH/HkmSlc rats (3 weeks old) were divided into two groups and fed with a control AIN-93-based diet or a CA-supplemented diet (0.5 g CA/kg) for 13 weeks. The CA diet increased systolic and diastolic BP as well as hepatic lipid concentrations in the rats. No changes were found in the blood sodium concentration. Urinary albumin concentration increased in CA-fed rats. An increase was observed in the hepatic expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1B that correlated BPs and urinary albumin concentration accompanied by an increase in portal taurocholic acid concentration. These results suggest that 12α-hydroxylated bile acids are involved in increased BP and albuminuria via alteration of hepatic function.
Risk of infections in patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab vs. azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil: a large-scale global cohort study
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Mruwat Noor , Amber Kyle T , Ludwig Ralf J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The risk of infectious complications among patients with pemphigus managed by rituximab is yet to be precisely elucidated.

Objectives
To evaluate the risk of infections in patients with pemphigus managed by rituximab vs. first-line corticosteroid-sparing agents [azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)].

Methods
A global population-based cohort study compared patients with pemphigus initiating rituximab (n = 963) vs. azathioprine or MMF (n = 963) regarding the risk of 26 different infections. Propensity score matching was conducted to optimize comparability.

Results
During the initial 12 months following treatment, patients under rituximab experienced elevated risk of COVID-19 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–3.14; P = 0.028], parasitic diseases (HR 3.22, 95% CI 1.04–9.97; P = 0.032) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.04–2.58; P = 0.033). When evaluating infections developing ≥ 12 months after drug initiation, rituximab was associated with greater risk of pneumonia (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.00–2.10; P = 0.047), COVID-19 (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.49–2.33; P &lt; 0.001), osteomyelitis (HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.11–5.31; P = 0.023), herpes simplex virus (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.03–4.11; P = 0.037) and CMV (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.07–2.49; P = 0.023) infections.

Conclusions
Within the first 12 months after treatment, patients under rituximab experience an elevated risk of COVID-19, parasitic and CMV infections. Rituximab is associated with pneumonia, osteomyelitis and viral diseases even beyond the first year after therapy. Pneumococcal vaccine and suppressive antiviral therapy should be considered even 1 year following therapy. There is no signal for elevated risk of tuberculosis, hepatitis B virus reactivation, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Subthalamic stimulation modulates motor network in Parkinson’s disease: recover, relieve and remodel
Authors: Chu Chunguang , Liu Shang , He Naying , Zeng Zhitong , Wang Jiang , Zhang Zhen , Zeljic Kristina , van der Stelt Odin , Sun Bomin , Yan Fuhua , Liu Chen , Li Dianyou , Zhang Chencheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aberrant dynamic switches between internal brain states are believed to underlie motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is a well-established treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, yet it remains poorly understood how subthalamic stimulation modulates the whole-brain intrinsic motor network state dynamics.
To investigate this, we acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging time-series data from 27 medication-free patients with Parkinson’s disease (mean age: 64.8 years, standard deviation: 7.6) who had deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted in the subthalamic nucleus, in both on and off stimulation states. Sixteen matched healthy individuals were included as a control group. We adopted a powerful data-driven modelling approach, known as a hidden Markov model, to disclose the emergence of recurring activation patterns of interacting motor regions (whole-brain intrinsic motor network states) via the blood oxygen level-dependent signal detected in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging time-series data from all participants. The estimated hidden Markov model disclosed the dynamics of distinct whole-brain motor network states, including frequency of occurrence, state duration, fractional coverage and their transition probabilities.
Notably, the data-driven decoding of whole-brain intrinsic motor network states revealed that subthalamic stimulation reshaped functional network expression and stabilized state transitions. Moreover, subthalamic stimulation improved motor symptoms by modulating key trajectories of state transition within whole-brain intrinsic motor network states. This modulation mechanism of subthalamic stimulation was manifested in three significant effects: recovery, relieving and remodelling effects. Significantly, recovery effects correlated with improvements in tremor and posture symptoms induced by subthalamic stimulation (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, subthalamic stimulation was found to restore a relatively low level of fluctuation of functional connectivity in all motor regions to a level closer to that of healthy participants. Also, changes in the fluctuation of functional connectivity between motor regions were associated with improvements in tremor and gait symptoms (P &lt; 0.05).
These findings fill a gap in our knowledge of the role of subthalamic stimulation at the level of neural activity, revealing the regulatory effects of subthalamic stimulation on whole-brain inherent motor network states in Parkinson’s disease. Our results provide mechanistic insight and explanation for how subthalamic stimulation modulates motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease.