bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal liver transplant procedure in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 treated with biliary diversion or intestinal transplantation: Lessons learned from three cases treated with different approaches
Authors: Uchida Hajime , Sakamoto Seisuke , Komine Ryuji , Kodama Tasuku , Nakao Toshimasa , Yanagi Yusuke , Shimizu Seiichi , Abbas Syed Hasnain , Fukuda Akinari , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 (PFIC1) is an autosomal recessive cholestatic liver disorder caused by ATP8B1 gene mutations. Although liver transplantation (LT) is indicated for progressive liver disease, postoperative complications, including severe diarrhea and graft steatohepatitis leading to graft loss, have been reported.CasesThe first patient had jaundice, pruritus, diarrhea, and growth retardation (weight z‐score: −2.5; height z‐score: −3.7). She underwent LT with total internal biliary diversion (TIBD) to the colon at 2 years of age. Graft biopsy at the 7‐year follow‐up examination revealed microvesicular steatosis (60%). Her diarrhea improved, and her growth failure was recovering (weight z‐score: −1.0; height z‐score: −1.7).The second patient underwent sequential intestine–liver transplantation at 8 years of age due to end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) and short bowel syndrome caused by massive bowel resection for internal hernia after partial external biliary diversion (PEBD) at 21 months of age. She developed severe pancreatitis induced by steroid–bolus therapy for rejection after transplantation. She died 1.7 years after intestinal transplantation due to an uncontrollable pancreatic abscess and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The third patient underwent PEBD at 15 months of age and received LT with TEBD at 15 years of age due to ESLD with hepatic encephalopathy. Throughout the perioperative period, she showed no abdominal symptoms, including diarrhea and pancreatitis. Graft biopsy at the 2‐year follow‐up examination revealed macrovesicular steatosis (60%) with inflammation.ConclusionsThe patients showed different outcomes. Effective therapeutic options to mitigate post‐LT complications in patients with PFIC1 must be considered individually.
Inventory and financial strategies of capital‐constrained firms under limited joint liability financing
Authors: Cao Bin , Chen Xin , Edwin Cheng T. C. , Zhong Yuanguang , Zhou Yong‐Wu 
Published: July 2023

This paper studies the operations and financial decisions of two capital‐constrained firms via a limited joint liability (LJL) financing scheme offered by a bank with a menu of loan terms including interest rate and leverage ratio/credit line. To explicitly assess the value of LJL financing, we assume that the firms either use LJL financing scheme or traditional individual financing scheme to finance their operations. Under LJL financing scheme, we construct a non‐cooperative game model in which the two firms separately determine their own inventory decision to serve random demand, according to the prior joint liability agreement between the two firms and the bank. We prove that the non‐cooperative game between the two firms under the LJL financing scheme is a supermodular, and thus establish the existence of equilibrium inventory decisions of the firms. We then characterize the optimal loan terms of the profit‐seeking bank under the proposed two financing schemes. Our results show that the joint‐liability mechanism of the LJL financing scheme always induces the firms to overinvest in their ordering decisions (relative to the case of the individual financing scheme), which reveals that the endogenous financial terms of the LJL financing scheme have a positive effect on the firms' operational decisions. Importantly, we provide conditions under which the loan terms of the proposed two financing schemes can be properly set by the bank to make the LJL financing scheme more beneficial to the bank and the two firms, and the bank offering this financing scheme can obtain two additional benefits—that is, a higher probability of recouping all the loans and a lower profit risk (i.e., the standard derivation of the bank's random total profit), compared to individual financing scheme. The research findings provide managerial insights for a profit‐seeking bank on how to offer financial loans to capital‐constrained firms and for those capital‐constrained firms on how to cooperate with one another.
Does the competitiveness of election moderate the impact of descriptive social norms on voter turnout? A survey experiment in Japan
Authors: Yamada Kyohei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroThis article examines whether descriptive norms affect voters’ intention to vote in national elections in Japan and whether the impact of descriptive norms is moderated by the anticipated level of electoral competition. Social psychological research suggests that one's chance of voting is higher if they learn that many others are voting. On the other hand, knowing many others vote could make one think that their vote is not needed for influencing the election outcome, leading them to abstain.MethodTo test these competing expectations, I conducted a survey experiment in Japan in June 2022, presenting a hypothetical condition of the Lower House election and asking the respondents’ intention to vote in the hypothetical contest. I used a 2 × 2 design that varied (1) anticipated voter turnout (high turnout, low turnout) and (2) anticipated level of competition (high competition, low competition).ResultsI find that the descriptive norm of high voter turnout is positively associated with the chance of voting only when the expected level of competition is high.ConclusionThese are not consistent with the prior research demonstrating the strong influence of descriptive norms and the ones finding that the descriptive norm of nonparticipation leads to greater willingness to participate by generating the sense of threat.
A novel virtual course to teach medical students high‐value decision‐making
Authors: Niranjan‐Azadi Ashwini , Moulder Glenn , Gusic Maryellen E. , Hoke George , Pahwa Amit , Parsons Andrew S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a clinician's ability to employ high‐value decision‐making is influenced by training, many undergraduate medical education programmes lack a formal curriculum in high‐value, cost‐conscious care. We present a curriculum developed through a cross‐institutional collaboration that was used to teach students at two institutions about this topic and can serve as a framework for other institutions to develop similar curricula.ApproachThe faculty from the University of Virginia and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine created a 2‐week‐long online course to teach medical students the fundamentals of high‐value care. The course consisted of learning modules, clinical cases, textbook studies, journal clubs and a competitive ‘Shark Tank’ final project where students proposed a realistic intervention to promote high‐value clinical care.EvaluationOver two‐thirds of students rated the course's quality as excellent or very good. Most found the online modules (92%), assigned textbook readings (89%) and ‘Shark Tank’ competition (83%) useful. To evaluate the student's ability to apply the concepts learned during the course in clinical contexts, we developed a scoring rubric based on the New World Kirkpatrick Model to evaluate students' proposals. Groups chosen as finalists (as determined by faculty judges) were more likely to be fourth‐year students (56%), achieved higher overall scores (p = 0.03), better incorporated cost impact at several levels (patient, hospital and national) (p = 0.001) and discussed both positive and negative impacts on patient safety (p = 0.04).ImplicationsThis course provides a framework for medical schools to use in their teaching of high‐value care. Cross‐institutional collaboration and online content overcame local barriers such as contextual factors and lack of faculty expertise, allowed for greater flexibility, and enabled focused curricular time to be spent on a capstone project competition. Prior clinical experience amongst medical students may be an enabling factor in promoting application of learning related to high‐value care.
The exact factorizations of almost simple groups
Authors: Li Cai Heng , Wang Lei , Xia Binzhou 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a classification of exact factorizations of almost simple groups, which has been a long‐standing open problem initiated around 1980 by the work of Wiegold–Williamson, and significantly progressed by Liebeck, Praeger, and Saxl in 2010. The classification is then used to solve problems in bicrossproduct Hopf algebras and permutation groups.
Role of proprioceptors in chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Han , Chen Chih‐Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProprioceptors are non‐nociceptive low‐threshold mechanoreceptors. However, recent studies have shown that proprioceptors are acid‐sensitive and express a variety of proton‐sensing ion channels and receptors. Accordingly, although proprioceptors are commonly known as mechanosensing neurons that monitor muscle contraction status and body position, they may have a role in the development of pain associated with tissue acidosis. In clinical practice, proprioception training is beneficial for pain relief. Here we summarize the current evidence to sketch a different role of proprioceptors in ‘non‐nociceptive pain’ with a focus on their acid‐sensing properties.
Implementation of Solar Salt Properties Into ARIANT and Simulation of Pressurized Loss of Forced Circulation in a High Temperature Gas-Cooled Small Modular Reactor
Authors: Wu Jason H. , Beuthe Thomas G. , Vasić Aleksandar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Small modular reactors (SMRs) are actively being considered for use in Canada. Some proposed SMRs can make use of solar salt as an intermediate coolant for a heat storage system. The development of thermalhydraulic simulation tools is one of the key capabilities needed to examine the performance of SMRs and license this class of reactors. This article summarizes the implementation of molten solar salt fluid properties into the algorithm for analysis of network thermalhydraulics (ARIANT) and uses this code to simulate a high temperature gas-cooled SMR with helium and solar salt as its primary and secondary coolants during a pressurized loss of forced circulation (PLOFC) event. This work demonstrates the ability of ARIANT to simulate transient events in a two-loop reactor system consisting of helium and solar salt as coolants and helps to establish ARIANT as a tool for SMR analysis.
Short-Circuit Fault Detection and Quantitative Analysis Based on Mean-Difference Model With Variational Modal Decomposition
Authors: Chang Chun , Wang Zile , Zhang Zhen , Jiang Jiuchun , He Xing , Tian Aina , Jiang Yan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Short-circuit failure is one of the triggers for thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, which can lead to serious safety issues. This paper attempts to estimate the short-circuit resistance of the cell using the mean difference model and relies on the estimated results to make a quantitative analysis of short-circuit fault. To achieve this goal, a combination of forgetting factor recursive least squares and extended Kalman filter is used to estimate the average open-circuit voltage within the battery pack. Subsequently, since both the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and intrinsic mode function (IMF0) components reflect the low-frequency characteristics of the battery voltage, we propose a new method based on the variational modal decomposition to extract the differential open-circuit voltage of the battery and finally make an estimate of the short-circuit resistance after obtaining OCV of the battery using the idea of the mean difference model (MDM). In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified under different degrees of short-circuit faults by connecting different resistors to the series battery pack.
African swine fever virus MGF-360-10L is a novel and crucial virulence factor that mediates ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5
Authors: Li Dan , Peng Jiangling , Wu Junhuang , Yi Jiamin , Wu Panxue , Qi Xiaolan , Ren Jingjing , Peng Gaochuang , Duan Xianghan , Ru Yi , Liu Huanan , Tian Hong , Zheng Haixue 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute hemorrhagic infectious disease in pigs. The ASFV genome encodes various proteins that enable the virus to escape innate immunity; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study found that ASFV MGF-360-10L significantly inhibits interferon (IFN)-β-triggered STAT1/2 promoter activation and the production of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). ASFV MGF-360-10L deletion (ASFV-Δ10L) replication was impaired compared with the parental ASFV CN/GS/2018 strain, and more ISGs were induced by the ASFV-Δ10L in porcine alveolar macrophages
in vitro
. We found that MGF-360-10L mainly targets JAK1 and mediates its degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, MGF-360-10L also mediates the K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 at lysine residues 245 and 269 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5 (HECT and RLD domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5). The virulence of ASFV-Δ10L was significantly lower than that of the parental strain
in vivo
, which indicates that MGF-360-10L is a novel virulence factor of ASFV. Our findings elaborate the novel mechanism of MGF-360-10L on the STAT1/2 signaling pathway, expanding our understanding of the inhibition of host innate immunity by ASFV-encoded proteins and providing novel insights that could contribute to the development of African swine fever vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
African swine fever outbreaks remain a concern in some areas. There is no effective drug or commercial vaccine to prevent African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection. In the present study, we found that overexpression of MGF-360-10L strongly inhibited the interferon (IFN)-β-induced STAT1/2 signaling pathway and the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that MGF-360-10L mediates the degradation and K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5. The virulence of ASFV with MGF-360-10L deletion was significantly less than parental ASFV CN/GS/2018. Our study identified a new virulence factor and revealed a novel mechanism by which MGF-360-10L inhibits the immune response, thus providing new insights into the vaccination strategies against ASFV.
Prophylactic cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor drugs for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in extremely preterm infants: a clinical practice guideline incorporating family values and preferences
Authors: Mitra Souvik , Whitehead Leah , Smith Katie , Maclean Breagh , Nixon Rebekah , Veysey Andrew , Campbell-Yeo Marsha , Kuhle Stefan , Gale Chris , Soll Roger , Dorling Jon , Johnston Bradley C 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceProphylactic cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) such as indomethacin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen may prevent morbidity and mortality in extremely preterm infants (born ≤28 weeks’ gestation). However, there is controversy around which COX-I, if any, is the most effective and safest, which has resulted in considerable variability in clinical practice. Our objective was to develop rigorous and transparent clinical practice guideline recommendations for the prophylactic use of COX-I drugs for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in extremely preterm infants. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence-to-decision framework for multiple comparisons was used to develop the guideline recommendations. A 12-member panel, including 5 experienced neonatal care providers, 2 methods experts, 1 pharmacist, 2 parents of former extremely preterm infants and 2 adults born extremely preterm, was convened. A rating of the most important clinical outcomes was established a priori. Evidence from a Cochrane network meta-analysis and a cross-sectional mixed-methods study exploring family values and preferences were used as the primary sources of evidence. The panel recommended that prophylaxis with intravenous indomethacin may be considered in extremely preterm infants (conditional recommendation, moderate certainty in estimate of effects). Shared decision making with parents was encouraged to evaluate their values and preferences prior to therapy. The panel recommended against routine use of ibuprofen prophylaxis in this gestational age group (conditional recommendation, low certainty in the estimate of effects). The panel strongly recommended against use of prophylactic acetaminophen (strong recommendation, very low certainty in estimate of effects) until further research evidence is available.
Cost-effectiveness of measles and rubella elimination in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Levin Ann , Burgess Colleen , Shendale Stephanie , Morgan Winthrop , Cw Hutubessy Raymond ,   Measles–rubella Eradication Modelling Group, Jit Mark 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSince 2000, the incidence of measles and rubella has declined as measles–rubella (MR) vaccine coverage increased due to intensified routine immunisation (RI) and supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs). The World Health Assembly commissioned a feasibility assessment of eliminating measles and rubella. The objective of this paper is to present the findings of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of ramping up MR vaccination with a goal of eliminating transmission in every country.MethodsWe used projections of impact of routine and SIAs during 2018–2047 for four scenarios of ramping up MR vaccination. These were combined with economic parameters to estimate costs and disability-adjusted life years averted under each scenario. Data from the literature were used for estimating the cost of increasing routine coverage, timing of SIAs and introduction of rubella vaccine in countries.ResultsThe CEA showed that all three scenarios with ramping up coverage above the current trend were more cost-effective in most countries than the 2018 trend for both measles and rubella. When the measles and rubella scenarios were compared with each other, the most cost-effective scenario was likely to be the most accelerated one. Even though this scenario is costlier, it averts more cases and deaths and substantially reduces the cost of treatment.ConclusionsThe Intensified Investment scenario is likely the most cost-effective of the vaccination scenarios evaluated for reaching both measles and rubella disease elimination. Some data gaps on costs of increasing coverage were identified and future efforts should focus on filling these gaps.
Multisystemic resilience to shocks: a temporal analysis of health, fundamental rights and freedoms, and economic resilience during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 22 European countries
Authors: Clausin Mia , Rieckhoff Alicia , Tediosi Fabrizio , Morel Chantal M , Kaspiarovich Yuliya , Levrat Nicolas , Wernli Didier 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesResearch on resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic has primarily focused on health system resilience. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) develop a broader understanding of societal resilience to shocks by evaluating resilience in three systems: health, economic and fundamental rights and freedoms and (2) to further operationalise resilience in terms of robustness, resistance and recovery.Settings22 European countries were selected based on the availability of data in the health, fundamental rights and freedoms, and economic systems during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020.DesignThis study uses time series data to assess resilience in health, fundamental rights and freedoms, and economic systems. An overall resilience was estimated, as well as three of its components: robustness, resistance and recovery.ResultsSix countries exhibited an outlier excess mortality peak compared with the prepandemic period (2015–2019). All countries experienced economic repercussions and implemented diverse measures affecting individual rights and freedoms. Three main groups of countries were identified: (1) high health and high or moderate economic and/or fundamental rights and freedoms resilience, (2) moderate health and fundamental rights and freedoms resilience and (3) low resilience in all three systems.ConclusionsThe classification of countries into three groups provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of multisystemic resilience during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study highlights the importance of considering both health and economic factors when assessing resilience to shocks, as well as the necessity of safeguarding individual rights and freedoms during times of crisis. Such insights can inform policy decisions and aid in the development of targeted strategies to enhance resilience in the face of future challenges.
Healthcare utilisation in patients with long-term conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based observational study of all patients across Greater Manchester, UK
Authors: Sammut-Powell Camilla , Williams Richard , Sperrin Matthew , Thomas Owain , Peek N , Grant Stuart W 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesData on population healthcare utilisation (HCU) across both primary and secondary care during the COVID-19 pandemic are lacking. We describe primary and secondary HCU stratified by long-term conditions (LTCs) and deprivation, during the first 19 months of COVID-19 pandemic across a large urban area in the UK.DesignA retrospective, observational study.SettingAll primary and secondary care organisations that contributed to the Greater Manchester Care Record throughout 30 December 2019 to 1 August 2021.Participants3 225 169 patients who were registered with or attended a National Health Service primary or secondary care service during the study period.Primary outcomesPrimary care HCU (incident prescribing and recording of healthcare information) and secondary care HCU (planned and unplanned admissions) were assessed.ResultsThe first national lockdown was associated with reductions in all primary HCU measures, ranging from 24.7% (24.0% to 25.5%) for incident prescribing to 84.9% (84.2% to 85.5%) for cholesterol monitoring. Secondary HCU also dropped significantly for planned (47.4% (42.9% to 51.5%)) and unplanned admissions (35.3% (28.3% to 41.6%)). Only secondary care had significant reductions in HCU during the second national lockdown. Primary HCU measures had not recovered to prepandemic levels by the end of the study. The secondary admission rate ratio between multi-morbid patients and those without LTCs increased during the first lockdown by a factor of 2.40 (2.05 to 2.82; p<0.001) for planned admissions and 1.25 (1.07 to 1.47; p=0.006) for unplanned admissions. No significant changes in this ratio were observed in primary HCU.ConclusionMajor changes in primary and secondary HCU were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary HCU reduced more in those without LTCs and the ratio of utilisation between patients from the most and least deprived areas increased for the majority of HCU measures. Overall primary and secondary care HCU for some LTC groups had not returned to prepandemic levels by the end of the study.