bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of first trimester sonographic features in diagnosing caesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Chew Lay Ee , Chua Chern‐Pin Eric , Lombardo Paul , Goodyear Melinda , Teo Sze Yiun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionCaesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), if not managed timely, can result in pre‐term labour, postpartum haemorrhage, hysterectomy or maternal and fetal death. This study aims to compare the diagnostic performances of different sonographic features recommended in various good practice recommendations and literature; then propose an algorithm that could aid in easier identification of CSP using transvaginal ultrasound.MethodsA retrospective review of ultrasound images of intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) and CSP between 4.9 and 11.9 weeks gestation was conducted. The diagnostic performance of the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RCOG) guideline, Timor‐Tritsch et al. (TT) method and combined method were evaluated. An algorithm was then created to calculate a numerical value for diagnosis. The methods were tested for intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement.ResultsA total of 66 ultrasound cases (30 IUP and 36 CSP) were included in this study. The sensitivity of the RCOG guideline, TT method and combined method were 58.3%, 94.4% and 100% while the specificity were 96.7%, 90% and 90%, respectively. The TT method and combined method performed significantly better than the RCOG guideline (p = .0016 and .0002, respectively). Using the proposed algorithm, a value larger or equal to 52.2 gave 97.2% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity that CSP is present. Intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement for all methods were moderate to almost perfect.ConclusionScreening during early first trimester is important to improve the diagnostic accuracy of CSP. The TT method is a good supplement to the RCOG guideline. The proposed algorithm is a useful tool to improve diagnostic accuracy and confidence.
Quantum machine learning‐based framework to detect heart failures in Healthcare 4.0
Authors: Munshi Manushi , Gupta Rajesh , Jadav Nilesh Kumar , Polkowski Zdzislaw , Tanwar Sudeep , Alqahtani Fayez , Said Wael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantum machine learning (QML) is an emerging field that combines the power of quantum computing with machine learning (ML) techniques to solve complex problems. In recent years, QML algorithms have shown tremendous potential in various applications such as image recognition, natural language processing, health care, finance, and drug discovery. QML algorithms aim to reduce computation costs and solve complex problems beyond the scope of classical machine learning algorithms. In this article, we study the performance of two QML algorithms, that is, quantum support vector classifiers (QSVC) and variational quantum classifiers (VQC), for chronic heart disease prediction in Healthcare 4.0. The performance of the two classifiers is assessed using different evaluation metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The authors concluded the superior performance of QSVC over VQC with an accuracy of 82%.
Robust method operable design region for economical and eco‐friendly chromatographic analysis of azilsartan medoxomil and cilnidipine by incorporating a hybrid approach of green analytical chemistry and analytical quality by design
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Shahi Abhinandan , Acharya Aneri , Pulusu Veerashakar , Shah Shailesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccording to the concept of green analytical chemistry, the analytical method development should be carried out by avoiding or minimizing the usage of toxic organic solvents for the safety of human and aquatic animal life and the protection of the environment. Hence, the green analytical chemistry (GAC)‐assisted robust liquid chromatographic method has been developed for chromatographic analysis of azilsartan medoxomil and cilnidipine (CIL) using safe organic solvents. The chromatographic method was developed by the implementation of analytical quality by design using chemometrics and response surface modeling. The chromatographic separation was carried out using Shim‐Pack C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) column as stationary phase and ethanol: 0.1% V/V ammonia solution (45:55, %V/V) as mobile phase. The chromatographic peak of AZL and CIL was found to be at the retention time of 3.5 and 4.5 min, respectively. The flow rate was kept at 1.0 mL/min and the column oven temperature was set to 40˚C. The developed method was found to be validated as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2 (R1) guideline. The method was applied for the assay of fixed‐dose combination and results were found in compliance with the labeled claim. The greenness of the method was evaluated using GAC tools.
Preparation, Characterization, and Utilization of Crosslinked and Dual‐Modified Banana Starch for Stabilizing Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Bist Yograj , Chakkingal Fazil , Kumar Yogesh , Saxena Dharmesh Chandra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effect of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP, 1%–3%), STMP + dry heat (STMP‐DH, at 180 °C for 60 min), and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA, 3%) on functional, structural, morphological, and thermo‐rheological properties of banana starch is studied. Similar Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of modified starches indicate minor structural changes; however, the degree of crystallinity significantly of native starch (26.88%) reduces after crosslinking (16.32%) and dual modification (13.91%). The native granules are flattened, elongated, oval‐ellipsoidal, and compact granules, whereas STMP starches have smoother surfaces than STMP‐DH starches. Due to changes in structure and functional groups, swelling and solubility of granules decrease, which depreciate the viscosity curve during cooking. In addition, pasting temperature elevates after STMP modification (76.3–83.1 °C) and remains comparable after STMP‐DH (76.3–75.1 °C). The rheological analysis shows that native starch gel has more shear‐thinning behavior and dominant elastic component than modified starches. The modified edible starch particles are successfully used to stabilize oil‐in‐water Pickering emulsion. The 2% and 3% STMP starches show better storage stability comparable to 3% OSA starch for up to 30 days. However, the loss in functional groups and amphiphilic properties of STMP‐DH results in creaming and an inability to perform as desired.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a research tool for RNA‐mediated human disease
Authors: Gastelum Stephanie , Michael Allison F. , Bolger Timothy A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used for decades as a powerful genetic tool to study a broad spectrum of biological topics. With its ease of use, economic utility, well‐studied genome, and a highly conserved proteome across eukaryotes, it has become one of the most used model organisms. Due to these advantages, it has been used to study an array of complex human diseases. From broad, complex pathological conditions such as aging and neurodegenerative disease to newer uses such as SARS‐CoV‐2, yeast continues to offer new insights into how cellular processes are affected by disease and how affected pathways might be targeted in therapeutic settings. At the same time, the roles of RNA and RNA‐based processes have become increasingly prominent in the pathology of many of these same human diseases, and yeast has been utilized to investigate these mechanisms, from aberrant RNA‐binding proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to translation regulation in cancer. Here we review some of the important insights that yeast models have yielded into the molecular pathology of complex, RNA‐based human diseases.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Evaluation of fall‐seeded cover crops for grassland nesting waterfowl in eastern South Dakota
Authors: Gallman Charles W. , Arnold Todd W. , Michel Eric S. , Stafford Joshua D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is the primary breeding ground for many species of North American waterfowl. The PPR was historically dominated by mixed and tallgrass prairies interspersed with wetlands, but >70% of the native grassland area has been lost due to widespread conversion to croplands. Cover cropping is a reemerging farming technique that may provide suitable nesting cover for grassland nesting waterfowl in active croplands, but waterfowl nest survival in fall cover‐cropped fields has not been evaluated. We studied use (nest abundance and density) and nest survival of breeding waterfowl in fall‐seeded cover crops and perennial cover during 2018 and 2019. We searched 2,094 ha of cover crops and 1,604 ha of perennial cover and found 123 and 304 duck nests, respectively, in each cover type. Estimated nest success (34‐day interval) was 3.7% and 16.6% in cover crops during 2018 and 2019, respectively, versus 22.1% in 2018 and 24.9% in 2019 in perennial cover, with increased success of cover‐crop fields in 2019 resulting from precipitation that prevented most fields from being planted to row crops. In a model that included effects of planting, daily nest survival in perennial cover was 0.944 (SD = 0.026) in 2018 and 0.960 (SD = 0.019) in 2019. Estimated daily nest survival was 0.912 (SD = 0.040) in 2018 and 0.960 (SD = 0.019) in 2019 during intervals when planting did not occur, but was only 0.417 (SD = 0.124) in 2018 and 0.612 (SD = 0.117) in 2019 on the day that planting occurred. Estimated nest densities in 2018 and 2019, adjusted for nests that failed prior to discovery, were 5.1 (SE = 1.1) and 11.0 (SE = 3.1) nests 100‐ha−1 in perennial cover, but only 2.1 (SE = 0.8) and 2.6 (SE = 0.7) in cover crops, respectively. Based on observed nest initiation and planting dates, about 70% of duck nests in cover crops would experience planting events in a typical growing season. Our results suggest that under current management techniques, fall‐seeded cover crops offer poor nesting habitat for waterfowl; however, the important benefits cover crops provide to soil health, water quality, and other ecosystem services remain.
Indirect detection of Dark Matter annihilating into Dark Glueballs
Authors: Curtin David , Gemmell Caleb 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We examine indirect detection of dark matter that annihilates into dark glueballs, which in turn decay into the Standard Model via a range of portals. This arises if the dark matter candidate couples to a confining gauge force without light flavours, representative of many possible complex dark sectors. Such Hidden Valley scenarios are being increasingly considered due to non-detection of minimal models as well as theoretical motivations such as the Twin Higgs solution to the little hierarchy problem. Study of dark glueballs in indirect detection has previously been hampered by the difficulty of modeling their production in dark showers. We use the recent GlueShower code to produce the first constraints on dark matter annihilating via dark glueballs into the Standard Model across photon, antiproton, and positron channels. We also fit the Galactic Centre Excess and use this observation, combined with other astrophysical constraints, to show how multi-channel observations can constrain UV and IR details of the theory, namely the exact decay portal and hadronization behaviour respectively. This provides unique complementary discovery and diagnostic potential to Hidden Valley searches at colliders. It is interesting to note that thermal WIMPs annihilating to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10 GeV) dark glueballs and then the SM via the Twin-Higgs-like decay portal can account for the GCE while respecting other constraints.
WIMPs, FIMPs, and Inflaton phenomenology via reheating, CMB and ∆Neff
Authors: Haque MD Riajul , Maity Debaprasad , Mondal Rajesh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we extensively analyzed the reheating dynamics after inflation and looked into its possible implication on dark matter (DM) and inflaton phenomenology. We studied the reheating through various possible channels of inflaton going into massless scalars (bosonic reheating) and fermions (fermionic reheating) via non-gravitational and gravity-mediated decay processes. We further include the finite temperature effect on the decay process. Along with their precise roles in governing the dynamics, we compared the relative importance of different temperature-corrected decay channels in the gradual process of reheating depending on the reheating equation of state (EoS), which is directly related to inflaton potential. Particularly, the universal gravitational decay of inflaton is observed to play a very crucial role in the reheating process for a large range of inflaton decay parameters. For our study, we consider typical α-attractor inflationary models. We further establish the intriguing connection among those different inflaton decay channels and the CMB power spectrum that can have profound implications in building up a unified model of inflation, reheating, and DM. We analyze both fermion and scalar DM with different physical processes being involved, such as gravitational scattering, thermal bath scattering, and direct inflaton decay. Gravitational decay can again be observed to play a crucial role in setting the maximum limit on DM mass, especially in the FIMP scenario, which has already been observed earlier in the literature [52]. Depending on the coupling strength, we have analyzed in detail the production of both FIMP and WIMP-like DM during reheating and their detailed phenomenological implications from the perspective of various cosmological and laboratory experiments.
Pseudo entropy of primary operators in $$ T\overline{T}/J\overline{T} $$-deformed CFTs
Authors: He Song , Yang Jie , Zhang Yu-Xuan , Zhao Zi-Xuan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the time evolution of the pseudo-(Rényi) entropy after local primary operator quenches in 2D CFTs with $$ T\overline{T}/J\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

/
J

T
¯

-deformation. Using perturbation theory, we analyze the corrections to the second pseudo-Rényi entropy at the late time, which exhibit a universal form, while its early-time behavior is model-dependent. Moreover, we uncover nontrivial time-dependent effects arising from the first-order deformation of the kth pseudo-Rényi entropy at the late time. Additionally, drawing inspiration from the gravitational side, specifically the gluing of two cutoff AdS geometries, we investigate the kth pseudo-Rényi entropy for vacuum states characterized by distinct $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation parameters, as well as for primary states acting on different deformed vacuum states. Our findings reveal additional corrections compared to the results of pseudo-Rényi entropy for globally deformed vacuum states.
Methanogenesis in biogas reactors under inhibitory ammonia concentration requires community-wide tolerance
Authors: Finn Damien R , Rohe Lena , Krause Sascha , Guliyev Jabrayil , Loewen Achim , Tebbe Christoph C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) inhibition represents a major limitation to methane production during anaerobic digestion of organic material in biogas reactors. This process relies on co-operative metabolic interactions between diverse taxa at the community-scale. Despite this, most investigations have focused singularly on how methanogenicArchaearespond to NH3stress. With a high-NH3pre-adapted and un-adapted community, this study investigated responses to NH3inhibition both at the community-scale and down to individual taxa. The pre-adapted community performed methanogenesis under inhibitory NH3concentrations better than the un-adapted. While many functionally important phyla were shared between the two communities, only taxa from the pre-adapted community were robust to NH3. Functionally important phyla were mostly comprised of sensitive taxa (≥ 50%), yet all groups, including methanogens, also possessed tolerant individuals (10–50%) suggesting that potential mechanisms for tolerance are non-specific and widespread. Hidden Markov Model–based phylogenetic analysis of methanogens confirmed that NH3tolerance was not restricted to specific taxonomic groups, even at the genus level. By reconstructing covarying growth patterns via network analyses, methanogenesis by the pre-adapted community was best explained by continued metabolic interactions (edges) between tolerant methanogens and other tolerant taxa (nodes). However, under non-inhibitory conditions, sensitive taxa re-emerged to dominate the pre-adapted community, suggesting that mechanisms of NH3tolerance can be disadvantageous to fitness without selection pressure. This study demonstrates that methanogenesis under NH3inhibition depends on broad-scale tolerance throughout the prokaryotic community. Mechanisms for tolerance seem widespread and non-specific, which has practical significance for the development of robust methanogenic biogas communities.Key points•Ammonia pre-adaptation allows for better methanogenesis under inhibitory conditions.•All functionally important prokaryote phyla have some ammonia tolerant individuals.•Methanogenesis was likely dependent on interactions between tolerant individuals.
Impact of signal intensity normalization of MRI on the generalizability of radiomic-based prediction of molecular glioma subtypes
Authors: Foltyn-Dumitru Martha , Schell Marianne , Rastogi Aditya , Sahm Felix , Kessler Tobias , Wick Wolfgang , Bendszus Martin , Brugnara Gianluca , Vollmuth Philipp 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Radiomic features have demonstrated encouraging results for non-invasive detection of molecular biomarkers, but the lack of guidelines for pre-processing MRI-data has led to poor generalizability. Here, we assessed the influence of different MRI-intensity normalization techniques on the performance of radiomics-based models for predicting molecular glioma subtypes.

Methods
Preoperative MRI-data from n = 615 patients with newly diagnosed glioma and known isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and 1p/19q status were pre-processed using four different methods: no normalization (naive), N4 bias field correction (N4), N4 followed by either WhiteStripe (N4/WS), or z-score normalization (N4/z-score). A total of 377 Image-Biomarker-Standardisation-Initiative-compliant radiomic features were extracted from each normalized data, and 9 different machine-learning algorithms were trained for multiclass prediction of molecular glioma subtypes (IDH-mutant 1p/19q codeleted vs. IDH-mutant 1p/19q non-codeleted vs. IDH wild type). External testing was performed in public glioma datasets from UCSF (n = 410) and TCGA (n = 160).

Results
Support vector machine yielded the best performance with macro-average AUCs of 0.84 (naive), 0.84 (N4), 0.87 (N4/WS), and 0.87 (N4/z-score) in the internal test set. Both N4/WS and z-score outperformed the other approaches in the external UCSF and TCGA test sets with macro-average AUCs ranging from 0.85 to 0.87, replicating the performance of the internal test set, in contrast to macro-average AUCs ranging from 0.19 to 0.45 for naive and 0.26 to 0.52 for N4 alone.

Conclusion
Intensity normalization of MRI data is essential for the generalizability of radiomic-based machine-learning models. Specifically, both N4/WS and N4/z-score approaches allow to preserve the high model performance, yielding generalizable performance when applying the developed radiomic-based machine-learning model in an external heterogeneous, multi-institutional setting.

Clinical relevance statement
Intensity normalization such as N4/WS or N4/z-score can be used to develop reliable radiomics-based machine learning models from heterogeneous multicentre MRI datasets and provide non-invasive prediction of glioma subtypes.

Key Points
• MRI-intensity normalization increases the stability of radiomics-based models and leads to better generalizability.
• Intensity normalization did not appear relevant when the developed model was applied to homogeneous data from the same institution.
• Radiomic-based machine learning algorithms are a promising approach for simultaneous classification of IDH and 1p/19q status of glioma.
Peripherally inserted central catheters can be an alternative to tunneled central venous catheters in chemotherapy for hematological and oncological pediatric patients
Authors: Kamata Yuko , Mizuno Yuki , Okamoto Kentaro , Okamoto Shota , Ito Yoshifumi , Nishigata Aya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Tunneled central venous catheters (TCVs) are commonly used for pediatric chemotherapy. Recently, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have been used instead. Although PICC has the advantages of simpler insertion and fewer severe complications, there is little information on the efficacy of PICC compared to TCV in pediatric chemotherapy.

Methods
Patients, aged younger than 18 years, with primary malignancy who received chemotherapy with PICC or TCV at our institution from December 2007 to August 2022 were included in the study. We retrospectively compared PICC and TCV using medical records.

Results
Within the observation period, 133 catheters (73 PICCs and 60 TCVs) were inserted. The median indwelling time was 99 days for PICCs and 182 days for TCVs, with TCVs being significantly longer (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications, such as infections, thrombosis, obstruction, or mechanical accidents. Comparing patients treated with PICC (PICC group) versus those with TCV (TCV group), the time from diagnosis to insertion was significantly shorter in the PICC group (p < 0.001). In the PICC group, none of the patients required general anesthesia, and chemotherapy was completed with PICC only.

Conclusion
PICC can be an alternative to TCV in pediatric chemotherapy.
Implementation behavior of communities regarding relatives caring for people with dementia
Authors: Wittek Maren , Manke-Reimers Fabian , Schmitt Eric 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundActors from the community (CAs) play a fundamental role in the support of caring relatives (CRs) of people with dementia (PWD). As their support is not sufficient, the implementation of support services needs to be optimized; however, little is known about the factors associated with the implementation behavior of CAs.AimThis study aimed to investigate the association of person-related factors with the implementation behavior of CAs.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 205 CAs from 16 German communities were surveyed with the community implementation behaviour questionnaire (CIBQ), which is based on the theoretical domains framework. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify person-related factors associated with the implementation behavior regarding support services for CRs of PWD.ResultsImplementing support services for CRs of PWD is positively and significantly (p < 0.001) associated with the agreement of CAs with the CIBQ domains. Higher scores in the CIBQ increase the chance that CAs implemented support services for the target group.ConclusionThe CIBQ is a tool to determine the status of implementation behavior of communities. This enables an analysis of the areas CAs need to work on in order to optimize the implementation of support services for CRs of PWD or other health and care-related topics.
On the gel layer interpretation of anomalous viscosity of colloidal silica dispersions
Authors: Škvarla Jiří 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe anomalous viscosity of colloidal dispersions of silica has been known and studied for a long time. Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain it, related to the electrical double layer, hydration layer, and porous/gel layer at the silica-water interface. However, it is still not entirely clear which mechanism is actually operative. Here, based on measurements of viscosity dependence on the concentration of indifferent electrolyte in highly diluted colloidal silica systems and its interpretation using the well-known Einstein equation, the concept of a swellable polyelectrolyte gel layer is corroborated.