bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rejuvenation of giant electrostrain in doped barium titanate single crystals
Authors: Patterson E. A. , Finkel P. , Cain M. G. , Thompson P. , Lucas C. , Staruch M. 
Published: April 2023

Engineering materials through the introduction of point defects has resulted in significant advances in semiconductor processing and, more recently, the observation of novel phenomena such as large reconfigurable strains in ferroelectrics as a result of defect dipole complexes. Up to 0.8% strain has been demonstrated in BaTiO3 crystals dilutely doped with iron. However, the defect dipole pinning sites and the corresponding achievable strains are found to degrade as the crystal is electrically cycled as part of the measurement process. The strain degradation rate is dependent on the applied field values but shows an exponential change in materials properties regardless of the electric field. This behavior, plus a change in impedance with number of times cycled, suggests these changes are due to electric field induced oxygen migration—similar to the cause of the resistance degradation effect. Despite this, effective piezoelectric coefficients of over 4700 pm/V were recorded with 1.5 kV/cm fields, one of the largest values for a lead-free piezoelectric material thus far. In addition, the defect dipole-aligned state and the high strains can be repeatably recovered by a subsequent heat treatment step after cycling. Potential paths to exploiting the defect dipole induced effects and large piezoelectric coefficient in these dilutely doped systems are proposed.
Physiological and cognitive responses to hyperoxic exercise in full water submersion
Authors: Möller Fabian , Jacobi Elena , Hoffmann Uwe , Vogt Tobias 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe positive effects of combined hyperoxia and physical exercise on physiological parameters and cognitive functioning are established for normobaric laboratory contexts. Still, increased practicability exists in hyperbaric settings like underwater activities and SCUBA diving, where environmental and sport‐specific factors might moderate effects. Improved cognition, reduced ventilation (V̇E), and lower blood lactate concentrations [Lac‐] are highly relevant, especially during high‐stress and rescue scenarios. Fifteen participants performed 3 × 8 min of continuous underwater fin‐swimming at 25 % (low), 45 % (moderate), and 75 % (vigorous) heart rate reserve (HRR) in each test. Three separate test days differed solely by the inspiratory oxygen partial pressure (PIO2: 29 kPa, 56 kPa, and 140 kPa). V̇E was measured continuously, whereas breathing gas analysis, blood sampling, and Eriksen Flanker tasks for inhibitory control (100 stimuli) were performed post‐exercise. Two‐way ANOVAs with repeated measures on the factors PIO2 and exercise intensity analyzed physiological outcome variables and reactions times (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of inhibitory control. V̇E was significantly reduced for 140 kPa during moderate and vigorous and for 56 kPa during vigorous compared to 29 kPa. 56 kPa and 140 kPa showed no differences. [Lac‐], post‐exercise V̇CO2, and velocity were unaffected by PIO2. Faster RTs but lower ACC of inhibitory control were observed following exercise at 75 % HRR compared to rest, 25 %, and 45 % HRR, while PIO2 produced no effects. Underwater performance in hyperoxia presents reduced V̇E, possible by dampened chemoreceptor sensitivity, and effects on cognition that differ from laboratory results and emphasise the moderating role of sport‐specific factors.
A hybrid approach consisting of multi-objective and multivariate analyses for WAAM specimens
Authors: Bhadrakali A Sirisha , Rama Sastry D V A , Prabhu T Ram 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, a combination of multivariate and multi-objective analyses, namely principal component analysis with fuzzy logic, has been proposed to identify the input parameters for ER4043, aluminum alloy in wire arc additive manufacturing. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was designed with three-factor, three-level input parameters. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness were used as the output parameters. As the Taguchi optimization is not sufficient for multi-response optimization, observed data for each response were normalized and then principal component analysis was applied. Further, multi-response performance index (MRPI) was identified using fuzzy logic approach so that this hybrid approach could be successfully applied and MRPI could give a combination of input parameters at an optimal level.
Using language models and ontology topology to perform semantic mapping of traits between biomedical datasets
Authors: Liu Yi , Elsworth Benjamin L , Gaunt Tom R 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotivationHuman traits are typically represented in both the biomedical literature and large population studies as descriptive text strings. Whilst a number of ontologies exist, none of these perfectly represent the entire human phenome and exposome. Mapping trait names across large datasets is therefore time-consuming and challenging. Recent developments in language modelling have created new methods for semantic representation of words and phrases, and these methods offer new opportunities to map human trait names in the form of words and short phrases, both to ontologies and to each other. Here, we present a comparison between a range of established and more recent language modelling approaches for the task of mapping trait names from UK Biobank to the Experimental Factor Ontology (EFO), and also explore how they compare to each other in direct trait-to-trait mapping.ResultsIn our analyses of 1191 traits from UK Biobank with manual EFO mappings, the BioSentVec model performed best at predicting these, matching 40.3% of the manual mappings correctly. The BlueBERT-EFO model (finetuned on EFO) performed nearly as well (38.8% of traits matching the manual mapping). In contrast, Levenshtein edit distance only mapped 22% of traits correctly. Pairwise mapping of traits to each other demonstrated that many of the models can accurately group similar traits based on their semantic similarity.Availability and implementationOur code is available at https://github.com/MRCIEU/vectology.
What Makes Discretionary Counter-Cyclical Fiscal Policy so Difficult? An Analysis of 32 OECD Countries
Authors: de Haan Jakob , Gootjes Bram 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We examine the stance of fiscal policy for 32 OECD countries from 1986 to 2023 by comparing for each country-year observation the signs of the output gap and the change in the cyclically adjusted budget balance. We find that fiscal policies are often pro-cyclical. We test possible explanations using comparative statistics for country-year observations with pro- and counter-cyclical policies. Our evidence suggests that fiscal rules and institutional quality are not related to the prevalence of pro-cyclicality. Likewise, several political-economy arguments suggested for explaining pro-cyclical fiscal policies do not receive strong support. However, poor access to finance makes fiscal policies more pro-cyclical. (JEL codes: E62, H50, and H62)
Improving the classification accuracy of fishes and invertebrates using residual convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhou Z , Yang X , Ji H , Zhu Z 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The visibility of fishes and invertebrates is highly impacted by the complexity of the environment. Images acquired in underwater environments suffer from blurriness and low contrast. This results in a low classification accuracy. To address this problem, this study uses a pre-trained Resnet50 neural network as the feature extractor, which avoids over-fitting and accuracy saturation while realizing improved feature extraction capabilities. It also proposes an enhancement of the error-minimized random vector functional link (EEMRVFL) neural network, which is used as the classifier in the convolutional neural network (CNN) model instead of the original softmax classifier. EEMRVFL reduces the maximum residual error in each incremental process. The selected hidden nodes are added to the network, which improves the compactness of its structure. The proposed residual CNNs model exhibits improved classification accuracy for underwater image classification compared to existing methods. This is demonstrated experimentally on available datasets such as URPC, LifeCLEF 2015, and Fish4Knowledge with accuracy rates reaching 99.68%, 97.34%, and 99.77%, respectively.
Lasting change in competition law and policy
Authors: Waller Spencer Weber 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This is a time of passionate debate on the fundamental goals of competition law. Should there be a single overarching goal for all competition law and policy? Should that goal be framed in purely economic terms? Should antitrust focus on protecting the competitive process, preventing unfair market conduct, or the abuse of superior bargaining position? Should antitrust promote and protect democracy, address social and racial injustice, or address climate change and sustainability? How should multiple goals be administered, weighed, and traded off in enforcement priorities and litigation? There is a progressive turn in the USA at the moment. But regardless of the nature and direction of the desired change, there is the equally important issue of how to achieve lasting change that survives the inevitable change in enforcement personnel and political leaders over time. In this essay, I focus on how to achieve that lasting change regardless of the goals and direction of change that any particular jurisdiction seeks to adopt. Most of the specific examples come from current developments in the USA, but are illustrative of the process of lasting change in competition. Enforcement agencies are key players in this process, but are constrained by the constitutions, treaties, legislation, and court decisions of their jurisdictions. Any campaign for change therefore depends on the wise use of the full substantive and procedural powers assigned to them by the political branches of the government. Successfully achieving substantial change rarely happens by accident, and most often requires a combination of such factors as: (i) creatively using the full statutory powers assigned to the agencies, (ii) striving for a unified whole-of-government approach to competition policy and (iii) deeply engaging the general public.
Power purchase agreements affected by unexpected circumstances: lessons from real litigation
Authors: Vial Gonzalo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article analyses different situations that impacted an electricity system and resulted in claims related to power purchase agreements affected by unexpected circumstances. The analysis allows reaching lessons with a global scope that are useful to prevent the mentioned disputes or to deal with them. It concludes that power purchase agreements must be drafted using clear language, avoiding ambiguous clauses, with a careful distribution of risks, adequate mechanisms for solving disputes and according to the regulations that govern a specific contract. In the context of a dispute, it is important to consider the perks of negotiation, the background of the tribunal, the social consequences of the conflict and the rules governing the pertinent agreement.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Risk Model for Patients with Advanced Melanoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Stukalin Igor , Navani Vishal , Gupta Mehul , Ruan Yibing , Boyne Devon J , O’Sullivan Dylan E , Meyers Daniel E , Goutam Siddhartha , Sander Michael , Ewanchuk Benjamin W , Brenner Darren R , Suo Aleksi , Cheung Winson Y , Heng Daniel Y C , Monzon Jose G , Cheng Tina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Risk stratification tools for patients with advanced melanoma (AM) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are lacking. We identified a new prognostic model associated with overall survival (OS).

Patients and Methods
A total of 318 treatment naïve patients with AM receiving ICI were collected from a multi-centre retrospective cohort study. LASSO Cox regression identified independent prognostic factors associated with OS. Model validation was carried out on 500 iterations of bootstrapped samples. Harrel’s C-index was calculated and internally validated to outline the model’s discriminatory performance. External validation was carried out in 142 advanced melanoma patients receiving ICI in later lines.

Results
High white blood cell count (WBC), high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), low albumin, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥1, and the presence of liver metastases were included in the model. Patients were parsed into 3 risk groups: favorable (0-1 factors) OS of 52.9 months, intermediate (2-3 factors) OS 13.0 months, and poor (≥4 factors) OS 2.7 months. The C-index of the model from the discovery cohort was 0.69. External validation in later-lines (N = 142) of therapy demonstrated a c-index of 0.65.

Conclusions
Liver metastases, low albumin, high LDH, high WBC, and ECOG≥1 can be combined into a prognostic model for AM patients treated with ICI.
WTAP-Mediated m6A RNA Methylation Regulates the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the miR-29b-3p/HDAC4 Axis
Authors: Liu Jincheng , You Yunhao , Sun Zhenqian , Zhang Lu , Li Xiang , Dai Zihan , Ma Jinlong , Chen Yunzhen , Jiao Guangjun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, a well-known modification with new epigenetic functions, has been reported to participate in the progression of osteoporosis (OP), providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of OP. However, as the key component of m6A methylation, Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP) has not been studied in OP. Here we explored the biological role and underlying mechanism of WTAP in OP and the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). We demonstrated that WTAP was expressed at low levels in bone specimens from patients with OP and OVX mice. Functionally, WTAP promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, microRNA-29b-3p (miR-29b-3p) was identified as a downstream target of WTAP. M6A modifications regulated by WTAP led to increased miR-29b-3p expression. WTAP interacted with the microprocessor protein DGCR8 and accelerated the maturation of pri-miR-29b-3p in an m6A-dependent manner. Target prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified the direct binding sites of miR-29b-3p with histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). WTAP-mediated m6A modification promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs through the miR-29b-3p/HDAC4 axis. Furthermore, WTAP-mediated m6A methylation negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation. Collectively, our study first identified a critical role of WTAP-mediated m6A methylation in BMMSC differentiation and highlighted WTAP as a potential therapeutic target for OP treatment.
Engaging diverse midlife and older adults in a multilevel participatory physical activity intervention: evaluating impacts using Ripple Effects Mapping
Authors: Rodriguez Espinosa Patricia , King Abby C , Blanco-Velazquez Isela , Banchoff Ann W , Campero Maria Ines , Chen Wei-ting , Rosas Lisa G 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultilevel interventions are increasingly recommended to increase physical activity (PA) but can present evaluation challenges. Participatory qualitative evaluation methods can complement standard quantitative methods by identifying participant-centered outcomes and potential mechanisms of individual and community-level change. We assessed the feasibility and utility of Ripple Effects Mapping (REM), a novel qualitative method, within the context of a multi-level cluster randomized trial, Steps for Change. Housing sites with ethnically diverse, low-income aging adults were randomized to a PA behavioral intervention alone or in combination with a citizen science-based intervention (Our Voice) for promoting PA-supportive neighborhoods. Four REM sessions were conducted after 12 months of intervention and involved six housing sites (n = 35 participants) stratified by intervention arm. Interviews (n = 5) were also conducted with housing site staff. Sessions leaders engaged participants in visually mapping intended and unintended outcomes of intervention participation and participant-driven solutions to reported challenges. Maps were analyzed using Excel and Xmind 8 Pro and data were classified according to the socio-ecological model. Eight themes were identified for outcomes, challenges, and solutions. Most themes (6/8) were similar across intervention arms, including increasing PA and PA tracking, improving health outcomes, and increasing social connectedness. Groups (n = 2) engaged in Our Voice additionally identified increased community knowledge and activities directly impacting local environmental change (e.g., pedestrian infrastructure changes). Housing staff interviews revealed additional information to enhance future intervention recruitment, sustainability, and implementation. Such qualitative methodologies can aid in evaluating multi-level, multi-component interventions and inform future intervention optimization, implementation, and dissemination.
Community-based N95 distribution during the COVID-19 Omicron BA.1 surge: feasibility, 1-month utilization, and price implications
Authors: Moran James B , Dunn Addison , Kim Seowoo , Zapolin Dana , Rivera Dulcé , Hoerger Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Masks and other non-pharmaceutical interventions can complement vaccines and treatments as a part of multilayered mitigation to reduce the burden of COVID-19 in high-risk settings like surges. Although N95s provide greater protection than cloth and procedure masks against airborne infectious illnesses, few people used N95s historically, potentially due to lack of familiarity and cost. The study was designed to examine the feasibility of distributing N95s during a COVID-19 surge. A follow-up survey summarized mask behavior. The investigators aimed to distribute 2,500 N95s to 500 adults in 5-packs with informational handouts at community locations during the COVID-19 Omicron BA.1 surge in New Orleans, Louisiana. A 1-month follow-up survey assessed utilization, safety perceptions, social diffusion of awareness of N95s, and purchase intentions. The investigators successfully distributed all 2,500 N95s during the peak of the BA.1 surge (December 13, 2021 to January 17, 2022). At 1-month follow-up, 96.7% of participants had tried an N95. They utilized an average of 3.42 (68.4%) of the five N95s, felt safer wearing N95s (Ps &lt; 0.0001), discussed N95s with others (80.4%), and would wear N95s again if free (87.9%). Future utilization intentions were price sensitive. Communities will readily use public health tools like N95s when at risk and offered for free with useful information. Cost was identified as a key barrier to sustained utilization. Findings have immediate public policy implications for reducing national, regional, and organizational surges. The research provides an illustrative example of the importance of behavioral science in responding to public health crises.
Ferroptosis in Acute Leukemia
Authors: Lyu Tianxin , Li Xudong , Song Yongping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death pathway that is different from apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis. The main characteristics of ferroptosis are the Fenton reaction mediated by intracellular free divalent iron ions, lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids, and inhibition of the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of intracellular glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis can be involved in the pathological processes of many disorders, such as ischemia–reperfusion injury, nervous system diseases, and blood diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which ferroptosis participates in the occurrence and development of acute leukemia still need to be more fully and deeply studied. This article reviews the characteristics of ferroptosis and the regulatory mechanisms promoting or inhibiting ferroptosis. More importantly, it further discusses the role of ferroptosis in acute leukemia and predicts a change in treatment strategy brought about by increased knowledge of the role of ferroptosis in acute leukemia.
Difference in symptom manifestation between postmenopausal and premenopausal women in acute uncomplicated cystitis: A multi-institutional pilot study
Authors: Wanifuchi Atsushi , Kyoda Yuki , Ogasawara Takuto , Kobayashi Ko , Ito Naoki , Shindo Tetsuya , Takahashi Atsushi , Kunishima Yasuharu , Masumori Naoya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to prospectively compare lower urinary tract symptoms in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with acute uncomplicated cystitis before and after antibiotic therapy.

Materials and methods
This study included adult women with acute uncomplicated cystitis who visited 4 institutions between 2019 and 2020. After registration, we administered oral antibiotics and prospectively documented the changes in lower urinary tract symptoms from the first visit to a follow-up visit at 1 week using the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Score (CLSS) questionnaire.

Results
After treatment, pyuria disappeared in 60 of the 66 patients (14 premenopausal and 46 postmenopausal). The CLSS total score (range) changed from 13 (3–29) to 4 (0–18) with a significant improvement in all CLSS items. At baseline, nocturia, urgency, and urgency incontinence were more prominent in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. In contrast, baseline urethral pain and quality of life index were more severe in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. After treatment, the CLSS total score was still higher in postmenopausal women, as reflected by the relatively higher scores for nocturia and urgency, irrespective of the comparable scores for urethral pain and the quality of life index in the 2 groups.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that if storage symptoms persist, they should be carefully interpreted according to menopausal status.
Treatment of localized well-differentiated rectal neuroendocrine tumors: A focused review
Authors: Emoto Shigenobu , Nozawa Hiroaki , Sasaki Kazuhito , Murono Koji , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Abe Shinya , Nagai Yuzo , Yoshioka Yuichiro , Shinagawa Takahide , Sonoda Hirofumi , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The frequency of rectal neuroendocrine tumors increases with the increase in the number of colonoscopies performed for colorectal cancer screening. The treatment of localized rectal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors involves local excision, including endoscopic treatment or rectal resection with lymphadenectomy. Although it is important to determine the risk of lymph node metastasis, there are points of disagreement among the guidelines regarding surgical indications. In this review, we discuss the current status of the treatment of well-differentiated rectal neuroendocrine tumors. The PubMed database was searched for relevant studies. In Japan, the criteria for curative endoscopic resection are very strict: less than 10 mm, G1, no invasion of the muscularis propria, no suspicion of lymph node metastasis, and no lymphovascular invasion. Meanwhile, in Western guidelines, local excision (endoscopic treatment is preferable) is recommended as the initial treatment for tumors measuring ≥10 mm and <20 mm in diameter, and radical surgery is recommended for tumors ≥20 mm in diameter. There are still many points where evidence is lacking, and future research is warranted.