bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Questioning global health in the times of COVID-19: Re-imagining primary health care through the lens of politics of knowledge
Authors: Priya Ritu , Sarkar Amitabha , Das Sayan , Gaitonde Rakhal , Ghodajkar Prachinkumar , Gandhi Mohit P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the inequitable response to it has created a space for rethinking the knowledge translation that informs current health policy formulation and planning. Wide recognition of the failure of global health governance and national health systems has led to calls for reviving the Primary Health Care (PHC) agenda for post-COVID health systems development. Despite the joint international declaration on PHC made four decades ago, it has had limited application. This paper argues that the recent attempts to rethink PHC will prove inadequate without analysing and learning from the politics of knowledge (PoK) underlying global health policy and planning. Even with the growing relevance of the spirit of the Alma-Ata Declaration (1978) and its operationalisation as detailed in the report of conference proceedings, reassessment of reasons for its limited implementation continues to be located largely in the political economy of the medical establishment, the international economic order or in national governance flaws. Failure to address the dominant knowledge paradigm in the Alma Ata articulation of PHC has contributed to its limited application. This calls for expansion in the analysis from knowledge translation to generation and hierarchisation of knowledge. The paper discusses how the application of PoK as an analytical lens helps understand the power equations underlying the process of knowledge generation and its translation into policy and practice. Beneath the techno-centric and commodified health system is the dominant ‘knowledge’ system whose foundations and assumptions ought to be interrogated. By following a PoK approach, a reorientation of thinking about the relationship between various forms of knowledge and knowledge holders is anticipated. A new health service system design is outlined—translating the spirit of PHC of 1978 into a ‘PHC Version 2.0’—that addresses the PoK gap in operational terms, with an approach to guide all levels of healthcare. It suggests how the world can be empowered to respond better by engaging with diverse ontologies and epistemologies to conceptualise knowledge and frame policies. Further, in the contexts of Asia, Africa and Latin America, it can contribute to the development of self-reliance to democratise general health policy and planning in the post-pandemic period.
In Australian hospitals and residential aged care facilities, how do we train nursing and direct care staff to assist patients and residents to move? A national survey
Authors: Brusco Natasha , Haines Terry , Taylor Nicholas F. , Rawson Helen , Boyd Leanne , Ekegren Christina , Kugler Helen , Dawes Helen , Radia-George Camilla , Graven Christine , Hill Keith 
Published: May 2023

Objective Nursing workplace injuries related to staff-assisted patient/resident movement occur frequently, however, little is known about the programs that aim to prevent these injuries. The objectives of this study were to: (i) describe how Australian hospitals and residential aged care services provide manual handling training to staff and the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on training; (ii) report issues relating to manual handling; (iii) explore the inclusion of dynamic risk assessment; and (iv) describe the barriers and potential improvements. Method Using a cross-sectional design, an online 20-min survey was distributed by email, social media, and snowballing to Australian hospitals and residential aged care services. Results Respondents were from 75 services across Australia, with a combined 73 000 staff who assist patients/residents to mobilise. Most services provide staff manual handling training on commencement (85%; n = 63/74), then annually (88% n = 65/74). Since the COVID-19 pandemic, training was less frequent, shorter in duration, and with greater online content. Respondents reported issues with staff injuries (63% n = 41), patient/resident falls (52% n = 34), and patient/resident inactivity (69% n = 45). Dynamic risk assessment was missing in part or in whole from most programs (92% n = 67/73), despite a belief that this may reduce staff injuries (93% n = 68/73), patient/resident falls (81% n = 59/73) and inactivity (92% n = 67/73). Barriers included insufficient staff and time, and improvements included giving residents a say in how they move and greater access to allied health. Conclusion Most Australian health and aged care services provide clinical staff with regular manual handling training for staff‐assisted patient/resident movement, however, issues with staff injuries, as well as patient/resident falls and inactivity, remain. While there was a belief that dynamic in‐the‐moment risk assessment during staff‐assisted patient/resident movement may improve staff and resident/patient safety, it was missing from most manual handling programs.
廈門閩南語的文、白形式在構詞層面上的分工與競爭
Authors: Kwok Bit-Chee 
Published: May 2023

抽象的閩南語的「文白異讀」很大程度上是透過構詞層面體現出來的。根據筆者對廈門閩南語的調查，至少有兩個因素能決定構詞時到底採用的是白讀形式，還是文讀形式，即「語體因素」和「語義因素」。只要這兩個因素不衝突，白讀形式和文讀形式便會形成分工，各司其職；但當兩個因素發生衝突時，文、白形式便會發生競爭，牽涉的複合詞也會因而出現變體。本文的分析也適用於其他閩南語。
格西霍爾語的示證範疇
Authors: Tian Qianzi , Sun Jackson T.-S. 
Published: May 2023

抽象霍爾語群分佈於川西阿壩、甘孜兩州六個縣，屬於漢藏語系羌語支嘉戎語組。本文沿用並進一步闡釋Tournadre & LaPolla對示證式的修正定義，系統介紹中部霍爾語格西話謂語的示證範疇。格西話採用零標記及三種後綴構成的「四元對立」示證體系。說話者報導敘實、自知、過去親歷、現場親察等情況時，對訊息有高度的掌握，無需添加任何示證標記；而三種示證後綴分別代表說話者掌握度較低的三類訊息，即現場察知的「新知」訊息、事後方知的「後知」訊息、以及二手轉知的「旁知」訊息。此外尚有兩種動詞成分可表達近似示證的語意，然而尚未充分語法化成為示證體系的一部分。格西話示證體系的形式與用法都有鮮明的特點，在霍爾語群中具有代表性。雖不能排除藏語示證模式的影響，但主要為自身發展形成的語法範疇。
Park Aesthetics Between Wilderness Representations and Everyday Affordances
Authors: Lobo Tea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScholars criticize privileging aesthetics over social and ecological considerations in park design. I argue that the real culprit is not aesthetics, but aestheticism. Aestheticism treats aesthetic objects as if they were ontologically distinct from everyday objects. Aestheticism in park design—treating parks like artworks to be admired like paintings—dovetails into treating parks like representations of a romanticized wilderness: of pristine, untouched landscapes. I argue that aestheticism is a means of constructing an ontological distinction between the beholder and the beheld, for landscapes are not truly pristine if they are sullied by human presence. As an alternative, and while drawing on the works of John Dewey and Yuriko Saito, I argue for a continuity between everyday objects and aesthetic objects. I also draw attention to the question of whose every day is privileged and propose to introduce Wittgenstein’s concept of multi-aspectivity in the analysis of everyday affordances.
Utilization of a technology-assisted workflow to prepare controlled substance oral syringes
Authors: Nester Tina , Proffitt Katrina , Anderson Jamie , Hays Amanda , Eidem Leslie , Greszler Craig 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Utilization of technology-assisted workflow (TAWF) systems has gained popularity in the sterile compounding setting. This study was designed to evaluate whether safety and efficiency could be seen when preparing oral controlled substance doses gravimetrically vs volumetrically.

Methods
This 2-phase observational study combined manual data collection with automated logs generated by a single TAWF. During phase I, oral controlled substance solutions were prepared volumetrically. In phase II, the same subset of medications was to be prepared gravimetrically via the same TAWF. Findings from phases I and II were compared against each another to determine safety, efficiency, and documentation differences between the volumetric and gravimetric workflows.

Results
Thirteen different medications were evaluated during phase I (1,495 preparations) and phase II (1,781 preparations) of this study. Mean compounding time (min:sec) increased in phase II when compared to phase I (1:49 vs 1:28; P &lt; 0.01), with the deviation detection rate also increasing (7.9% vs 4.7%; P &lt; 0.01). Despite a target in phase II of utilizing gravimetric analysis for more than 80% of preparations, only 45.5% (811 preparations) were prepared with this workflow, as adoption challenges and dose size limitations prevented compliance. Doses that were prepared gravimetrically had a mean accuracy rate of 100.6% (the mean achieved dose was 0.6% higher than the mean prescribed dose) and a rejection rate of 0.99% (compared to the phase I rejection rate of 1.07%; P = 0.67).

Conclusion
The gravimetric workflow provided accuracy and additional safety checks when compared to the volumetric alternative, all while providing users with greater access to data. Health systems should consider staffing, product sourcing, patient populations, and medication safety when determining the balance between volumetric and gravimetric workflows.
A novel pharmacy liaison program to address health-related social needs at an urban safety-net hospital
Authors: Borden Caroline G , Ashe Erin M , Buitron de la Vega Pablo , Gast Vi , Saint-Phard Tracey , Brody-Fialkin Julianna , Power Julia , Wang Na , Lasser Karen E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Patients with unmet health-related social needs (HRSNs) often experience poor health outcomes and have high levels of healthcare utilization. We describe a program where dually trained pharmacy liaison–patient navigators (PL-PNs) screen for and address HRSNs while providing medication management services to patients with high levels of acute care utilization in a Medicaid Accountable Care Organization. We are unaware of prior studies that have described this PL-PN role.

Methods
We analyzed case management spreadsheets for the 2 PL-PNs who staffed the program to identify the HRSNs that patients faced and the ways PL-PNs addressed them. We administered surveys, including an 8-item client satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ-8), to characterize patient perceptions of the program.

Results
Initially, 182 patients (86.6% English speaking, 80.2% from a marginalized racial or ethnic group, and 63.2% with a significant medical comorbidity) were enrolled in the program. Non–English-speaking patients were more likely to receive the minimum intervention dose (completion of an HRSN screener). Case management spreadsheet data (available for 160 patients who engaged with the program) indicated that 71% of participants faced at least one HRSN, most often food insecurity (30%), lack of transportation (21%), difficulty paying for utilities (19%), and housing insecurity (19%). Forty-three participants (27%) completed the survey with an average CSQ-8 score of 27.9, indicating high levels of satisfaction with the program. Survey participants reported receiving medication management services, social needs referrals, health-system navigation assistance, and social support.

Conclusion
Integration of pharmacy medication adherence and patient navigation services is a promising approach to streamline the HRSN screening and referral process at an urban safety-net hospital.
Neuropsychological Profile of Hospitalized Patients Due to COVID-19: Clinical and Inflammatory Correlates
Authors: Tsiaras Yiannis , Kitsakis Nikolaos , Papadopoulou Eleftheria , Karanikas Evangelos , Kourbetis Dimitrios , Aretouli Eleni 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
In the present study, we investigated the pattern of cognitive difficulties in hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 and its relation with the clinical features of the disease.

Method
Forty hospitalized patients with COVID-19 [mean age: 46.98 years (SD = 9.30); mean years of education: 13.65 (SD = 2.07) and 40 sex-, age- and education-matched healthy controls completed a set of neuropsychological measures administered by telephone. Participants’ premorbid intellectual skills and patients’ anxiety and depressive symptoms were also evaluated. The association of COVID-19-related biomarkers [oxygen saturation (SpO2), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer and ferritin levels] with neuropsychological performances was examined with a series of hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses, after controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, psychological distress and premorbid intellectual skills.

Results
Patients performed worse than healthy participants on measures of verbal memory, attention and working memory. SpO2 levels were associated with patients’ performance on verbal and working memory, whereas CRP levels were associated with performance on verbal memory, abstract reasoning and verbal fluency, after controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Ferritin levels predicted performance on the verbal fluency test, whereas D-dimer levels did not predict any of the neuropsychological measures.

Conclusions
Cognitive difficulties in verbal memory, attention and working memory were noted in patients with COVID-19. Markers of hyperinflammation predicted patients’ performance above and beyond demographic characteristics, duration of symptoms, length of hospitalization and psychological distress.
Streamlining the Fat: A Systematic Review of Active Closed Wash and Filtration in Autologous Fat Grafting After Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Vernice Nicholas A , Jung Wooram F , Black Grant G , Demetres Michele , Otterburn David M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Although fat grafting in breast reconstruction continues to grow in popularity, the optimal technique remains elusive and outcomes are varied. This systematic review of available controlled studies utilizing active closed wash and filtration (ACWF) systems sought to examine differences in fat processing efficiency, aesthetic outcomes, and revision rates. A literature search was performed from inception to February 2022 following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in Ovid MEDLINE (Wolters Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands), Ovid Embase (Wolters Kluwer), and Cochrane Library (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ). Two independent reviewers screened the studies for eligibility with Covidence software. Bibliographies and citing references from selected articles were screened from Scopus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands). The search identified 3476 citations, with 6 studies included. Three studies demonstrated a significantly higher volume of graftable fat harvested in a significantly lower mean grafting time with ACWF than with their respective controls. With respect to adverse events, 3 studies reported significantly lower incidences of nodule or cyst formation with ACWF with respect to control. Two studies reported a significantly lower incidence of fat necrosis with ACWF vs control, with this trend upheld in 2 additional studies. Three studies reported significantly lower revision rates with ACWF with respect to control. No study reported inferiority with ACWF for any outcome of interest. These data suggest that ACWF systems yield higher fat volumes in less time than other common techniques, with decreased rates of suboptimal outcomes and revisions, thereby supporting active filtration as a safe and efficacious means of fat processing that may reduce operative times. Further large-scale, randomized trials are needed to definitively demonstrate the above trends.

Level of Evidence: 4
Defective cathepsin Z affects EGFR expression and causes autosomal dominant palmoplantar keratoderma
Authors: Malovitski Kiril , Sarig Ofer , Feller Yarden , Bergson Shir , Assaf Sari , Mohamad Janan , Pavlovsky Mor , Giladi Moshe , Sprecher Eli 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The abnormal function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has recently been shown to underlie various disorders of cornification.

Objectives
To delineate the genetic basis of a novel dominant form of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK).

Methods
Whole-exome (WES) and direct sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, protein modelling, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting, three-dimensional skin equivalents and an enzyme activity assay were used to delineate the genetic basis of a novel dominant form of PPK.

Results
WES revealed heterozygous variants (c.274T &gt; C and c.305C &gt; T) in CTSZ (encoding cathepsin Z) in four individuals (belonging to three unrelated families) with focal PPK. Bioinformatics and protein modelling predicted the variants to be pathogenic. Previous studies have suggested that EGFR expression may be subject to cathepsin regulation. Immunofluorescence revealed reduced cathepsin Z expression in the upper epidermal layers and concomitant increased epidermal EGFR expression in patients harbouring CTSZ variants. Accordingly, human keratinocytes transfected with constructs expressing PPK-causing variants in CTSZ displayed reduced cathepsin Z enzymatic activity, as well as increased EGFR expression. In line with the role played by EGFR in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation, human keratinocytes transfected with the PPK-causing variants showed significantly increased proliferation that was abolished upon exposure to erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor. Similarly, downregulation of CTSZ resulted in increased EGFR expression and increased proliferation in human keratinocytes, suggestive of a loss-of-function effect of the pathogenic variants. Finally, three-dimensional organotypic skin equivalents grown from CTSZ-downregulated cells showed increased epidermal thickness and EGFR expression as seen in patient skin; here, too, erlotinib was found to rescue the abnormal phenotype.

Conclusions
Taken collectively, these observations attribute to cathepsin Z a hitherto unrecognized function in epidermal differentiation.
RNA therapeutics for neurological diseases
Authors: Brentari Ilaria , Zadorozhna Mariia , Denti Michela Alessandra , Giorgio Elisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionRibonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics are a new class of drugs whose importance is highlighted by the growing number of molecules in the clinic.Sources of dataWe focus on RNA therapeutics for neurogenetic disorders, which are broadly defined as diseases with a genetic background and with at least one clinical sign affecting the nervous system. A systematic search identified 14 RNA drugs approved by FDA and many others in development.Areas of agreementThe field of RNA therapeutics is changing the therapeutic scenario across many disorders.Areas of controversyDespite its recent successes, RNA therapeutics encountered several hurdles and some clinical failures. Delivery to the brain represents the biggest challenge.Growing pointsThe many advantages of RNA drugs make the development of these technologies a worthwhile investment.Areas timely for developing researchClinical failures stress the importance of implementing clinical trial design and optimizing RNA molecules to hold the promise of revolutionizing the treatment of human diseases.
China’s Family Education Promotion Law: Family Governance, the Responsible Parent and the Moral Child
Authors: Cheng Kwan Yiu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article discusses China’s newly enacted Family Education Promotion Law (FEPL). The FEPL symbolizes that family education through parenting has elevated from a private matter to a State affair in the country. The Law seeks to promote family governance through the concept of ‘parenting in accordance with the law’ so as to attain national ideals and improve the protection of minors. The prominent ends at the national level are the moral development of children and the construction of a harmonious State. Concepts of ‘population quality’ and ‘double alleviation’ are discussed with reference to their significance in relation to the enactment of the Law. The promulgation of the FEPL targets substandard parenting practices in China, including hyper-parenting on the one end and abandonment on the other. Typical practices such as inter-generational child-rearing are examined to illustrate why the Law is considered necessary from the State’s point of view. The article provides an analysis of the legislative intentions, background, and key provisions of the Law. It concludes that family governance through the notion of responsible parenting is an instrument of social policy in modern China.
Poorer survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among cancer patients: a population-based register study
Authors: Hägglund Hanna L , Jonsson Martin , Hedayati Elham , Hedman Christel , Djärv Therese 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
The association between cancer and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to address this knowledge gap using national, population-based registries.

Methods and results
For this study, 30 163 patients with OHCA (≥18 years) were included from the Swedish Register of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Through linkage to the National Patient Registry, 2894 patients (10%) with cancer diagnosed within 5 years prior to OHCA were identified. Differences in 30-day survival between patients with cancer and controls (defined as patients with OHCA without previous cancer diagnosis) were assessed related to cancer stage (locoregional vs. metastasized cancer) and cancer site (e.g. lung cancer, breast cancer, etc.) using logistic regression adjusted for prognostic factors. Long-term survival was presented as a Kaplan–Meier curve. For locoregional cancer, no statistically significant difference in return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was seen compared with controls, and metastasized disease was associated with a poorer chance of ROSC. Cancer was associated with a lower 30-day survival for all cancers [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.57, confidence interval (CI) 0.49–0.66], locoregional cancer (adjusted OR 0.68, CI 0.57–0.82), and metastasized cancer (adjusted OR 0.24, CI 0.14–0.40) compared with controls. A lower 30-day survival compared with controls was seen for lung, gynaecological and haematological cancers.

Conclusion
Cancer is associated with poorer 30-day survival after OHCA. This study suggests that cancer site and disease stage are more relevant factors than cancer in general with regard to its effect on survival after OHCA.
Sudden cardiac arrest due to recurrent coronary spasm in a young woman: a case report
Authors: Favorini Serena , Perrin Tilman , Hellige Gerrit , Arenja Nisha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a pathological condition resulting from transient functional narrowing of the coronary arteries leading to myocardial ischaemia and in some rare cases even to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). The most important preventable risk factor is use of tobacco, whereas possible precipitating factors include some medications and psychological stress.

Case summary
A 32-year-old woman was hospitalized with burning chest pain. The immediate investigations revealed the diagnosis of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, because of ST elevations in one single lead and increased high-sensitivity troponin. Due to ongoing chest pain and a severe impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30% with apical akinesia, a prompt coronary angiography (CAG) was scheduled. After aspirin administration, she developed anaphylaxis with pulseless electrical activity (PEA). She could be resuscitated successfully. CAG revealed multi-vessel CAS for which she received calcium channel blockers. Five days after, she suffered from a second SCA due to ventricular fibrillation and was resuscitated again. Repeated CAG showed no critical coronary artery occlusion. LVEF improved progressively during hospitalization. Drug therapy was increased, and a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted for secondary prevention.

Discussion
CAS may in some instances lead to SCA, especially in case of multi-vessel involvement. Allergic and anaphylactic events can trigger CAS, which are frequently underestimated. Regardless of the cause, cornerstone of CAS prophylaxes remains optimal medical therapy as in the avoidance of predisposing risk factors. In case of life-threatening arrhythmia, the implantation of an ICD should be considered.