bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass-Indices (B-Values) of Legumes, Tuber and Sea Food for Mass-Size Reduction Operations
Authors: Abasiama J. Akpan, , William A. Olosunde, , O. Antia, Orua 
Published: September 2023

In an effort to easily use the Orua Antia’s energy and power equations to determine the minimum comminution energy and power requirements of a given material; the mass Index being a constant in these equations is necessary to be provided for materials that could be subjected to comminution. In this study, the mass indices of some selected food materials such as cassava, yam, crayfish, beans and soybeans which finds applications in food industries were evaluated using static impact force technique coupled with graphical and computational approaches. In graphical method Equation 17 obtained from energy expression for mass-size reduction Equation 14 was employed; while Equation 16 which is a combination of Equation 14 and the potential energy Equation 15 was used in the computational method. Also the relative errors of mass indices obtained from these two methods were evaluated. Results showed that computational or graphical method could be used to obtain the mass index of each selected material. It was observed that moisture content had little influence on the value of mass index. Hence, the average mass index per selected food type within its percentage moisture content wet basis range could be utilized in the minimum comminution energy and power Equations 4 to 6 and 12 to 13 respectively, via the equations constants as applicable and expressed as Equations 9, 10 and 11. Further analysis revealed that the average mass indices were 1.71230.5835, 1.89150.6377,20.27043.0846, 18.19601.0337 and 23.77912.3094 for cassava, yam, crayfish, beans and soy beans respectively.
Defining Usual Oral Temperature Ranges in Outpatients Using an Unsupervised Learning Algorithm
Authors: Ley Catherine , Heath Frederik , Hastie Trevor , Gao Zijun , Protsiv Myroslava , Parsonnet Julie 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceAlthough oral temperature is commonly assessed in medical examinations, the range of usual or “normal” temperature is poorly defined.ObjectiveTo determine normal oral temperature ranges by age, sex, height, weight, and time of day.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used clinical visit information from the divisions of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine in a single large medical care system. All adult outpatient encounters that included temperature measurements from April 28, 2008, through June 4, 2017, were eligible for inclusion. The LIMIT (Laboratory Information Mining for Individualized Thresholds) filtering algorithm was applied to iteratively remove encounters with primary diagnoses overrepresented in the tails of the temperature distribution, leaving only those diagnoses unrelated to temperature. Mixed-effects modeling was applied to the remaining temperature measurements to identify independent factors associated with normal oral temperature and to generate individualized normal temperature ranges. Data were analyzed from July 5, 2017, to June 23, 2023.ExposuresPrimary diagnoses and medications, age, sex, height, weight, time of day, and month, abstracted from each outpatient encounter.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNormal temperature ranges by age, sex, height, weight, and time of day.ResultsOf 618 306 patient encounters, 35.92% were removed by LIMIT because they included diagnoses or medications that fell disproportionately in the tails of the temperature distribution. The encounters removed due to overrepresentation in the upper tail were primarily linked to infectious diseases (76.81% of all removed encounters); type 2 diabetes was the only diagnosis removed for overrepresentation in the lower tail (15.71% of all removed encounters). The 396 195 encounters included in the analysis set consisted of 126 705 patients (57.35% women; mean [SD] age, 52.7 [15.9] years). Prior to running LIMIT, the mean (SD) overall oral temperature was 36.71 °C (0.43 °C); following LIMIT, the mean (SD) temperature was 36.64 °C (0.35 °C). Using mixed-effects modeling, age, sex, height, weight, and time of day accounted for 6.86% (overall) and up to 25.52% (per patient) of the observed variability in temperature. Mean normal oral temperature did not reach 37 °C for any subgroup; the upper 99th percentile ranged from 36.81 °C (a tall man with underweight aged 80 years at 8:00 am) to 37.88 °C (a short woman with obesity aged 20 years at 2:00 pm).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that normal oral temperature varies in an expected manner based on sex, age, height, weight, and time of day, allowing individualized normal temperature ranges to be established. The clinical significance of a value outside of the usual range is an area for future study.
Rapid Immunodot AQP4 Assay for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Fu Ying , Bi Jin , Yan Yaping , Sun Xiaobo , Li Ke , Kim So Yeon , Han Sang-Min , Zhou Luyao , Li Rui , Huang Qiao , Wang Ning , Lin Aiyu , Kim Ho Jin , Qiu Wei 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceImmunoglobulin G autoantibodies for aquaporin 4 (AQP4-IgG) serve as diagnostic biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and the most sensitive and specific laboratory tests for their detection are cell-based assays (CBAs). Nevertheless, the limited availability of special instruments limits the widespread use of CBAs in routine laboratories.ObjectiveTo validate an enzyme immunodot assay for simple and rapid detection of AQP4-IgG.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter case-control study, conducted from May 2020 to February 2023, involved 4 medical centers (3 in China and 1 in Korea). The study included patients with AQP4-IgG–positive NMOSD, patients with other immune-related diseases, and healthy control individuals. Participants were excluded if they did not agree to participate or if their serum sample had turbidity.ExposuresSerum AQP4 antibodies measured with immunodot assay.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was performance of the immunodot assay compared with the gold standard CBA for detecting AQP4-IgG. To examine generalizability, cross-validation in Korea and at a second site in China, validation of patients with other immune-related diseases, and follow-up validation of the original cohort were performed.ResultsA total of 836 serum samples were collected; 400 were included in the diagnostic study and 436 in the validation sets. In a head-to-head diagnostic study involving 200 patients with NMOSD with AQP4-IgG (mean [SD] age, 43.1 [13.5] years; 188 [94%] female) and 200 healthy controls, use of an immunodot assay demonstrated antibody detection performance comparable to that of the gold standard (κ = 98.0%). The validation sets included 47 patients with NMOSD and 26 patients with other autoimmune diseases from Korea, 31 patients with NMOSD at a second site in China, 275 patients with other diseases, and 57 patients with NMOSD at follow-up. In the validation study, of 436 cases, 2 (&amp;lt;1%) were false positive and none were false negative. The CBA identified 332 AQP4-IgG–positive samples and 504 negative samples (200 [40%] in controls and 304 [60%] in patients with other diseases); 2 of the positive cases (&amp;lt;1%) were false negative and 4 of the negative cases (&amp;lt;1%) were false positive. The overall sensitivity of the immunodot assay was 99.4% (95% CI, 97.8%-99.9%), and the specificity was 99.2% (95% CI, 98.0%-99.8%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis case-control study found that the immunodot assay was comparable to CBA for detecting AQP4-IgG. With its time- and cost-efficient characteristics, the immunodot assay may be a practical option for AQP4-IgG detection.
A Universal Strategy of Perovskite Ink ‐ Substrate Interaction to Overcome the Poor Wettability of a Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kulkarni Ashish , Sarkar Ranjini , Akel Samah , Häser Maria , Klingebiel Benjamin , Wuttig Matthias , Wiegand Simone , Chakraborty Sudip , Saliba Michael , Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells employing [4‐(3,6‐dimethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me‐4PACz) self‐assembled monolayer as the hole transport layer have been reported to demonstrate a high device efficiency. However, the poor perovskite wetting on Me‐4PACz caused by poor perovskite ink interaction with the underlying Me‐4PACz presents significant challenges for fabricating efficient perovskite devices. A triple co‐solvent system comprising dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) is employed to improve the perovskite ink ‐ Me‐4PACz coated substrate interaction and obtain a uniform perovskite layer. In comparison to DMF‐ and DMSO‐based inks, the inclusion of NMP shows considerably higher binding energies of the perovskite ink with Me‐4PACz as revealed by density‐functional theory calculations. With the optimized triple co‐solvent ratio, the perovskite devices deliver high power conversion efficiencies of >20%, 19.5%, and ≈18.5% for active areas of 0.16, 0.72, and 1.08 cm2, respectively. Importantly, this perovskite ink–substrate interaction approach is universal and helps in obtaining a uniform layer and high photovoltaic device performance for other perovskite compositions such as MAPbI3, FA1−xMAxPbI3–yBry, and MA‐free FA1−xCsxPbI3–yBry.
Spatiotemporally‐Programmed Dual‐Acid‐Sensitive Nanoworms of Albumin‐Poly(tertiary amine)‐Doxorubicin Conjugates for Enhanced Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Wenchao , Zhang Longshuai , Sun Jiawei , Sun Yuanzi , Gong Like , Ge Sisi , Wei Xunbin , Gao Weiping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanomedicines are potentially useful for targeted cancer chemotherapy; however, it is difficult to design nanomedicines with controllable structures and functions to overcome a series of biological and pathological barriers to efficiently kill cancer cells in vivo. Here, this work reports in situ growth of dual‐acid‐sensitive poly(tertiary amine)‐doxorubicin conjugates from albumin to form dual‐acid‐sensitive albumin‐poly(tertiary amine)‐doxorubicin conjugates that self‐assemble into nanospheres and nanoworms in a controlled manner. Both nanospheres and nanoworms rapidly dissociate into positively‐charged unimers at pH < 6.9 and quickly releases the conjugated drug of doxorubicin at pH < 5.6, leading to enhanced penetration in tumor cell spheroids as well as improved uptake and cytotoxicity to tumor cells at pH < 6.9. Notably, nanoworms are less taken up by endothelial cells than nanospheres and doxorubicin, leading to improved pharmacokinetics. In a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer, nanoworms accumulate and penetrate into tumors more efficiently than nanospheres and doxorubicin, leading to enhanced tumor accumulation and penetration. As a result, nanoworms outperform nanospheres and doxorubicin in suppressing tumor growth and elongating the animal survival time, without observed side effects. These findings demonstrate that intelligent nanoworms with spatiotemporally programmed dual‐acid‐sensitive properties are promising as next‐generation nanomedicines for targeted cancer chemotherapy.
Plasma‐Driven Synthesis of Self‐Supported Nickel‐Iron Nanostructures for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Ranade Ameya , Lao Mengmeng , Timmer Remco H.M. , Zoethout Erwin , van Eck Hans J.N. , Tsampas Mihalis N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNickel‐based electrocatalysts are deemed as promising low‐cost, earth‐abundant materials in the development of the next‐generation alkaline and anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Herein, a plasma‐processing technique is presented for fabricating self‐supported nanostructures from planar NiFe substrates and its performance for water splitting reactions. Irradiating the samples with helium plasma results in the formation of nano‐tendrils, which are affixed to the metallic substrate. This unique design not only enhances charge and mass transport, but also increases the electrochemical surface area by 3 to4 times, as compared to the unmodified/planar surfaces. For the benchmark 10 mAcm−2geo current density, the nanostructured electrodes demonstrate overpotentials of 330 and 354 mV for oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction respectively in 1 M‐ KOH. Moving forward, application of this technique can be extended for fabricating self‐supported 3D substrates (e.g., foams, felts, perforated sheets), all of which find practical applications in energy conversion and storage devices.
Facile Fabrication of Carbon Nanocolloid‐Silver Composite Ink for the Application of All Inkjet‐Printed Wearable Electronics
Authors: Chen Xiyue , Yang Ruxue , Luo Xinchun , Cheng Hailong , Wu Xin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrently, owing to the increasing demand for continuous monitoring of health status, it is highly expected to develop functional sensors with satisfied performance. However, traditional sensors generally suffer from the disadvantages of inherent rigidity, limited range, and complicated fabricating methods, failing to provide the required detection. Well‐developed printing technologies have opened a new era for fabricating electronics. The advantages of flexibility, easy scalability, and high resolution endow inkjet printing with the ability to manufacture devices with desired properties. In this work, a green carbon nanocolloid‐silver composite ink is facilely prepared and successfully applied in inkjet printing of strain sensors. Good performance such as high sensitivity (a gauge factor of 267.5), fast response (114 ms), long service life, and outstanding stability (>3000) is demonstrated for the as‐fabricated sensors. Moreover, the printed sensors are revealed to be capable of monitoring multiscale human motions for practical application as a wearable device.
Challenges and Prospects of Sodium‐Ion and Potassium‐Ion Batteries for Mass Production
Authors: Sada Krishnakanth , Darga Joe , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe exponential growth of the lithium‐ion (LIB) market is causing a significant disparity between the supply chain and demand for its resources. In this regard, sodium‐ion and potassium‐ion batteries are promising alternatives to LIBs due to their low cost. However, the larger sizes of Na+ and K+ ions create challenges that prevent them from achieving energy densities comparable to LIBs while maintaining an acceptable cycle life. In this perspective, the aim is to evaluate the status of Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries and the challenges associated with them on both fundamental and commercial levels. The focus is on the structural instability arising from phase transitions during cycling, intricate chemical degradation processes, and potential avenues for enhancing their performance with a specific goal of improving their viability for grid‐scale energy storage. Materials production and abundance limitations for the chemistries of the state‐of‐the‐art materials and account for critical parameters from both the perspective of researchers and investors are analyzed. This analysis aims to provide insights into the strategic trade‐offs required to effectively implement the technology in real‐world applications, such as grid‐scale storage and other areas. Furthermore, the utilization of metals with low or no supply‐chain problems as an important aspect of these trade‐offs is considered.
Reports to OSHA of severe occupational injuries due to animals, 2015−2021
Authors: Tustin Canela E. , Tustin Aaron W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWorkers can be injured by animals such as mammals and insects. Previous studies found that most animal‐related occupational fatalities were caused by horses and cattle. We analyzed characteristics of recent nonfatal severe animal‐related injuries in US workers.MethodsThe severe injury reports (SIR) database, collected by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, contains employer self‐reports of inpatient hospitalizations and amputations. We used 2015−2021 SIR data to assess properties of animal‐related injuries, including the type of animal involved, the nature of the injury, and the industry of the employer. Industry‐specific incidence rates were calculated.ResultsWe identified 788 severe animal‐related injuries during the 7‐year study period. Mammals caused over half of these injuries (476; 60.4%), followed by insects, arachnids, and mites (183; 23.2%) and reptiles (127; 16.1%). Two‐thirds (529; 67.1%) of animal‐related injuries were traumatic, while 211 (28.0%) injuries were due to poisoning or allergic reaction. The highest observed incidence was in livestock merchant wholesalers (59.6 severe injuries per 100,000 workers per year); injuries in this industry were often due to cattle. Mail delivery and landscape architecture, two industries in which animal contact is atypical, were also among the 10 industries with the highest incidence.ConclusionsWorkers in many industries experienced severe injuries due to animals. Among workers whose job involves animal contact, cattle workers appear to be at highest risk. Outdoor workers in some industries require protection from bites of dogs, snakes, and insects.
Removal from the wild endangers the once widespread long‐tailed macaque
Authors: Gamalo Lief Erikson , Ilham Kurnia , Jones‐Engel Lisa , Gill Mike , Sweet Rebecca , Aldrich Brooke , Phiapalath Phaivanh , Van Bang Tran , Ahmed Tanvir , Kite Sarah , Paramasivam Sharmini , Seiha Hun , Zainol Muhammad Z. , Nielsen Daniel R. K. , Ruppert Nadine , Fuentes Agustin , Hansen Malene F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2022, long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), a once ubiquitous primate species, was elevated to Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. In 2023, recognizing that the long‐tailed macaque is threatened by multiple factors: (1) declining native habitats across Southeast Asia; (2) overutilization for scientific, commercial, and recreational purposes; (3) inadequate regulatory mechanisms; and (4) culling due to human–macaque conflicts, a petition for rulemaking was submitted to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to add the species to the US Endangered Species Act, the nation's most effective law to protect at risk species. The long‐tailed macaque remains unprotected across much of its geographical range despite the documented continual decline of the species and related sub‐species and the recent IUCN reassessment. This commentary presents a review of the factors that have contributed to the dramatic decline of this keystone species and makes a case for raising the level of protection they receive.
Controlling the Trajectory of Swallowtail Gaussian Beams in Dynamic Parabolic Potentials
Authors: Zhang Sijing , Tu Jialong , Huang Qiaobin , Liu Zihan , Li Dongdong , Chen Qiang , Deng Dongmei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe propagation dynamics of finite‐energy Swallowtail beams in a dynamic parabolic potential, including uniformly moving, accelerating, and oscillating potentials, are investigated. The strong influence of dynamic potentials on the propagation trajectory of Swallowtail beams is demonstrated and various effective manipulations of the beams, including trajectory control, are validated. The intensity and the focal position can also be affected. In addition, the extension to 2D scenarios is also presented. The results theoretically provide more diverse manipulation possibilities for Swallowtail beams, and thus may broaden their potential applications in trajectory and particle manipulation.
Cross‐Electrophile C−PIIICoupling of Chlorophosphines with Organic Halides: Photoinduced PIIIand Aminoalkyl Radical Generation Enabled by Pnictogen Bonding
Authors: Tu Yong‐Liang , Zhang Bei‐Bei , Qiu Bing‐Sheng , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Chen Xiang‐Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPnictogen bonding (PnB) has gained recognition as an appealing strategy for constructing novel architectures and unlocking new properties. Within the synthetic community, the development of a straightforward and much simpler protocol for cross‐electrophile C−PIIIcoupling remains an ongoing challenge with organic halides. In this study, we present a simple strategy for photoinduced PnB‐enabled cross‐electrophile C−PIIIcouplings using readily available chlorophosphines and organic halides via merging single electron transfer (SET) and halogen atom transfer (XAT) processes. In this photomediated transformation, the PnB formed between chlorophosphines and alkyl amines facilitates the photogeneration of PIIIradicals andα‐aminoalkyl radicals through SET. Subsequently, the resultingα‐aminoalkyl radicals activate C−X bonds via XAT, leading to the formation of carbon radicals. This methodology offers operational simplicity and compatibility with both aliphatic and aromatic chlorophosphines and organic halides.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Allylation of Ketones with Allenylsilanes
Authors: Xu Menghua , Lu Qingbin , Gong Baihui , Ti Wenqing , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan , Gao Shang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report herein a regiodivergent and enantioselective allyl addition to ketones with allenylsilanes through copper catalysis. With the combination of CuOAc, a Josiphos‐type bidentate phosphine ligand and PhSiH3, allyl addition to a variety of ketones furnishes branched products in excellent enantioselectivities. The regioselectivity is completely reversed by employing the P‐stereogenic ligand BenzP*, affording the linear products with excellent enantioselectivities and good Z‐selectivities. The linear Z‐product could be converted to E‐product via a catalytic geometric isomerization of the Z‐alkene group. The silyl group in the products could provide a handle for downstream elaboration.
Utilizing the Hofmeister Effect to Induce Hydrogelation of Nonionic Supramolecular Polymers into a Therapeutic Depot
Authors: Wang Han , Su Hao , Xu Tian , Cui Honggang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNonionic hydrogels are of particular interest for long‐term therapeutic implantation due to their minimal immunogenicity relative to their charged counterparts. However, in situ formation of nonionic supramolecular hydrogels under physiological conditions has been a challenging task. In this context, we report on our discovery of salt‐triggered hydrogelation of nonionic supramolecular polymers (SPs) formed by self‐assembling prodrug hydrogelators (SAPHs) through the Hofmeister effect. The designed SAPHs consist of two SN‐38 units, which is an active metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan, and a short peptide grafted with two or four oligoethylene glycol (OEG) segments. Upon self‐assembly in water, the resultant nonionic SPs can be triggered to gel upon addition of phosphate salts. Our 1H NMR studies revealed that the added phosphates led to a change in the chemical shift of the methylene protons, suggestive of a disruption of the water‐ether hydrogen bonds and consequent reorganization of the hydration shell surrounding the SPs. This deshielding effect, commensurate with the amount of salt added, likely promoted associative interactions among the SAPH filaments to percolate into a 3D network. The formed hydrogels exhibited a sustained release profile of SN‐38 hydrogelator that acted potently against cancer cells.