bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically function-switchable magnetic domain-wall memory
Authors: Sheng Yu , Wang Weiyang , Deng Yongcheng , Ji Yang , Zheng Houzhi , Wang Kaiyou 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Versatile memory is strongly desired for end users, to protect their information in the information era. In particular, bit-level switchable memory that can be switched from rewritable to read-only function would allow end users to prevent important data being tampered with. However, no such switchable memory has been reported. We demonstrate that the rewritable function can be converted into read-only function by applying a sufficiently large current pulse in a U-shaped domain-wall memory, which comprises an asymmetric Pt/Co/Ru/AlOx heterostructure with strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Wafer-scale switchable magnetic domain-wall memory arrays on 4-inch Si/SiO2 substrate are demonstrated. Furthermore, we confirm that the information can be stored in rewritable or read-only states at bit level according to the security needs of end users. Our work not only provides a solution for personal confidential data, but also paves the way for developing multifunctional spintronic devices.
Lessons from the 1970s for international monetary reform
Authors: Eichengreen Barry 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe collapse of the Bretton Woods System in 1971–3 led to ambitious efforts to reform the international monetary system, mainly through the deliberations of the Committee of Twenty (C-20). Many of the issues considered by the C-20 will be familiar to aficionados of twenty-first century discussions of international monetary reform. Ultimately, attempts to reach a consensus in the C-20 were unsuccessful. This paper seeks to identify explanations for that failure in an effort to limit the likelihood that it will be repeated.
Creating a new sovereign debt reconstruction mechanism: why incentives, risk sharing, and CACs will all matter
Authors: Menzies Gordon , Vines David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that the Covid recession, and aggressive monetary tightening in the US accompanying the post-Covid recovery, are likely to cause a sovereign debt overhang in emerging market economies—i.e. debt which is unlikely to be fully repaid. A sovereign debt reconstruction mechanism (SDRM) seems necessary to avoid widespread disorderly debt write-downs. We discuss a range of procedures that are available, building upon Anne Krueger’s proposal for an SDRM in 2002 (Krueger, 2002a,b). At that time Krugman (1988) had already argued that any SDRM should incentivize debtors so that they put in effort to clear their debts (a Krugman contract). Menzies (2004) went further than this to show that these effects should be further sharpened, creating what he called ‘hyper-incentive effects’ (a Menzies contract). The International Monetary Fund has argued that risk-sharing between debtors and creditors will also be important (IMF, 2020). But we show that risk-sharing will—in general—pull in the opposite direction to incentive effects, and we doubt the extent to which the IMF has recognized this trade-off. Finally, we argue that collective action clauses (CACs) increase the probability of achieving any agreement, whatever it might be. They will help avoid the alternative of disorderly debt write-downs, outcomes which will deliver neither incentive effects nor risk-sharing.
The Euro on the global stage
Authors: Regling Klaus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:The war in Ukraine draws renewed attention to the question of whether the international monetary and financial system is moving towards a more ‘multipolar’ character. The euro has been the second most important global currency since its creation, and well-placed to help diversify the global financial architecture. This article reviews the evolution of the euro’s international role along with the evolution of the institutional architecture to support it. Previous and ongoing reforms in the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) can support the common currency on the international stage.
Quercetin-solid lipid nanoparticle-embedded hyaluronic acid functionalized hydrogel for immunomodulation to promote bone reconstruction
Authors: Zhou Pinghui , Yan Bomin , Wei Bangguo , Fu Liangmin , Wang Ying , Wang Wenrui , Zhang Li , Mao Yingji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBone defects are a persistent challenge in clinical practice. Although repair therapies based on tissue-engineered materials, which are known to have a crucial role in defective bone regeneration, have gathered increased attention, the current treatments for massive bone defects have several limitations. In the present study, based on the immunomodulatory inflammatory microenvironment properties of quercetin, we encapsulated quercetin-solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in a hydrogel. Temperature-responsive poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide) modifications were coupled to the main chain of hyaluronic acid hydrogel, constructing a novel, injectable bone immunomodulatory hydrogel scaffold. Extensive in vitro and in vivo data showed that this bone immunomodulatory scaffold forms an anti-inflammatory microenvironment by decreasing M1 polarization, while elevating the M2 polarization. Synergistic effects on angiogenesis and anti-osteoclastic differentiation were observed. These findings further proved that administering quercetin SLNs encapsulated in a hydrogel can aid bone defect reconstruction in rats, providing new insights for large-scale bone defect repair.
Stratifying Disaster: State Aid, Institutional Processes, and Inequality in American Communities
Authors: Raker Ethan J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Disaster aid is an increasingly costly form of social spending and an often-overlooked way that welfare states manage new forms of risk related to climate change. In this article, I argue that disaster aid programs engender racial and socioeconomic inequalities through a process of assistance access constituted by distinct state logics, administrative burdens, and bureaucratic actors. I test this claim empirically by analyzing 5.37 million applicant records from FEMA’s Individuals and Households Program (IHP) from 2005 to 2016. Results demonstrate that key institutional features—the conditions of eligibility and sufficiency, burdens of proof, and assessments by contracted inspectors—combine in a stepwise process to funnel permanent repair resources to homeowners in whiter communities, while temporary rental aid is granted disproportionately to households in communities of color. Analyses of denial codes suggest racial disparities in appraisals of disaster damage. Among those approved for aid, more benefits accrue to those from comparatively higher income communities, and a decoupling of permanent and temporary housing aid further stratifies socioeconomic growth during recovery. Theoretically, this research advances an account of institutional processes transferable to other analyses of social programs, and it introduces climate risk as a new form of social risk against which welfare states insure citizens.
Response of sleep slow oscillations to acoustic stimulation is evidenced by distinctive synchronization processes
Authors: Navarrete Miguel , Osorio-Forero Alejandro , Gómez Angela , Henao David , Segura-Quijano Fredy E , Le Van Quyen Michel , Valderrama Mario 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Closed-loop acoustic stimulation (CLAS) during sleep has shown to boost slow wave (SW) amplitude and spindle power. Moreover, sleep SW have been classified based on different processes of neuronal synchronization. Thus, different types of SW events may have distinct functional roles and be differentially affected by external stimuli. However, the SW synchronization processes affected by CLAS are not well understood. Here, we studied the effect of CLAS on the dissociation of SW events based on two features of neuronal synchronization in the electroencephalogram (topological spread and wave slope). We evaluated and classified individual SW events of 14 healthy subjects during a CLAS stimulated (STM) and a control night (CNT). Three main categories of SW events were found denoting (C1) steep slope SW with global spread, (C2) flat-slope waves with localized spread and homeostatic decline, and (C3) multipeaked flat-slope events with global spread. Comparing between conditions, we found a consistent increase of event proportion and trough amplitudes for C1 events during the time of stimulation. Furthermore, we found similar increases in post-stimulus spectral power in θ, β, and σ frequencies for CNT vs STIM condition independently of sleep stage or SW categories. However, topological analysis showed differentiated spatial dynamics in N2 and N3 for SW categories and the co-occurrence with spindle events. Our findings support the existence of multiple types of SW with differential response to external stimuli and possible distinct neuronal mechanisms.
From ontogenesis to clinical practice: waking up to infant sleep
Authors: Anders Thomas F 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article describes the author’s research journey exploring infant and toddler sleep. From polygraphic recording in hospital nurseries to using videosomnography in homes, the author traced the longitudinal development of infant/toddler nighttime sleep and waking behaviors. The home-based video observations led to a redefinition of a pediatric milestone; namely, “sleeping through the night,” and provided a framework for assessing and treating infant/toddler nighttime sleep problems.
A Qualitative Inquiry Exploring Clinical Faculty Transition to a Concept-Based Curriculum
Authors: León Teresa G. , Reinhardt Anita C. , Keller Teresa , Kuchler Elizabeth G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

AIM
This study explores the transition process clinical faculty experience when changing to teaching in a concept-based curriculum.

BACKGROUND
Literature related to faculty support during curricular change is sparse and offers little guidance to assist clinical faculty.

METHOD
A qualitative study was conducted with participants from nursing programs in a statewide consortium. Semistructured interviews were transcribed to identify themes that linked participants’ experiences to transition stages. Additional research included review of clinical assignments and observation of faculty while teaching at a clinical site.

RESULTS
Nine clinical faculty from six nursing programs participated in the study. Five themes linked to the stages of the Bridges Transition Model were identified: Collaboration, Communication, Coordination, Coherence, and Futility.

CONCLUSION
The identified themes revealed that clinical faculty varied in their transition process. These results add to the knowledge of transitional change for clinical faculty.
Differentiating Neurodegenerative Disease from Compressive Cervical Myelopathy Using Motor Evoked Potentials
Authors: Kamei Naosuke , Nakamae Toshio , Maruyama Toshiaki , Nakao Kazuto , Farid Fadlyansyah , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: April 2023

Study Design.
A retrospective case-control study.

Objective.
To differentiate neurodegenerative diseases from compressive cervical myelopathy (CCM) using motor evoked potentials (MEPs).

Summary of Background Data.
When considering surgery for CCM, it may be necessary to differentiate the condition from a neurodegenerative disease.

Methods.
A total of 30 healthy volunteers, 52 typical CCM patients with single-level compression of the spinal cord at C4-5 or C5-6, seven patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and 12 patients with demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (DDC), including 11 patients with multiple sclerosis and one patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, formed our study population. MEPs were recorded from the bilateral abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and abductor hallucis (AH) muscles using transcranial magnetic stimulation and electrical stimulation of the ulnar and tibial nerves. Central motor conduction time (CMCT), peripheral conduction time, amplitude of MEPs, and frequency of F-waves were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off value for distinguishing between CCM and ALS.

Results.
Significant differences were observed in the amplitude of MEPs and frequency of F-waves evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation between patients with CCM and ALS. The MEP amplitude of AH was more accurate in differentiating between the two diseases compared to ADM (cut-off value, 11.2mV, sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 85.7%). All seven patients with ALS showed reduced frequency of F waves from ADM or AH, but none of the healthy volunteers or patients with other diseases demonstrated this finding. Moreover, there were no significant differences between CCM and DDC in any of the assessments.

Conclusion.
The amplitude of MEPs and frequency of F waves evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation could be helpful in differentiating ALS from CCM.
THE LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD CLOT-ASSISTED LYOPHILIZED HUMAN AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE COVERING TREATMENT UNCLOSED MACULAR HOLE
Authors: Chen Hao , Lin Wei , Tang Yongping , Wei Yong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The objectives were to assess the long-term morphological and functional outcome of eyes with unclosed macular hole (MH) in which the internal limiting membrane (ILM) has been peeled in previously vitrectomy with autologous blood clot (ABC)-assisted lyophilized human amniotic membrane (LhAM) graft covering.

Methods:
12 eyes with MH unclosed in previous surgery were selected and studied. ABC-assisted LhAM graft was used to cover the MH in vitrectomy. The main clinical outcomes including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), closure of MH and the outcome of LhAM graft were recorded.

Results:
The mean minimum diameter of the MH was 641.7±245.9 μm and the mean axial length was 27.3 ± 3.50 mm. The LhAM graft was maintained in the former position and all the MH closed in 10 eyes, whereas the graft slipped and the MH unclosed in 2 eyes. The MH closure rate was 83.3 % and the mean BCVA improved significantly from 1.47 ± 0.58 logMAR (Snellen 20/590) preoperatively to 1.17 ± 0.60 logMAR (Snellen 20/296) postoperatively. During 18-36 months follow-up, LhAM grafts were attached to the retinal surface in 9 eyes, detached from the retinal surface in one eye, dislocated from the fovea in one eye as well as inserted into retina in one eye, and macular atrophy occurred in one eye.

Conclusion:
ABC-assisted LhAM graft covering provided a simple and effective treatment option for unclosed MH and reduce surgical trauma. Although the graft remained on the macular surface for a long time, it does not affect the recovery of MH and postoperative vision.
Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Keratoconus With Enantiomorphic Topography After Bilateral Intrastromal Corneal Ring Implantation
Authors: Rodrigues Pablo Felipe , Moscovici Bernardo Kaplan , Hirai Flavio , Mannis Mark Joel , de Freitas Denise , Campos Mauro , Nosé Walton 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) after intrastromal ring implantation in patients with keratoconus.

Methods:
This was a prospective, randomized, interventional study. We analyzed 60 eyes of 30 patients aged 16 to 35 years who were treated at the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. The Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) and Short-Form 36 Questionnaire (SF-36) were used before intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgical intervention.

Results:
The mean corrected visual acuity improved from a mean of 0.32 ± 0.2 logMAR (20/40) preoperatively to 0.14 ± 0.11 logMAR (20/25) 1 year postoperatively (P = 0.001). The mean spherical equivalent varied from −7.24 ± 3.47 preoperatively to −4.13 ± 2.41 postoperatively (P = 0.001). The overall composite score for the VFQ-25 improved from 55.1 preoperatively to 80.4 1 postoperatively (P = 0.001). SF-36 showed statistically significant improvement in all scores. When analyzing the correlation between visual acuity and VFQ composite score, a significant correlation was found between both variables (Pearson correlation coefficient of −0.40, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients with keratoconus had increased psychological symptoms and lower QOL and improved psychosocial criteria associated with corneal remodeling and decreased visual dependence on others after surgery. Extrapolation of these data to the whole keratoconus population suggests that ICRS implantation could improve QOL in these patients.
Alprazolam
Authors: Mamtani Harkishan , Chaturvedi Santosh K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Although alprazolam is approved only for use in panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, it is used for numerous other conditions, not only by psychiatrists but also by medical professionals in general. This commentary critically analyzes the use of alprazolam.

Methods
A narrative review approach was adopted, using relevant articles and textbooks, to compile pertinent literature for the aforementioned topic.

Results
Among all its adverse reactions, the most bothersome concern about the use of alprazolam is its potential for abuse and dependence. This can be attributed to certain unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of this benzodiazepine. Also, the withdrawal triggered by use of alprazolam is challenging to treat. Alternate pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for use in anxiety and insomnia are available, which might be safer than alprazolam. Also, policy changes can serve as an answer to curb alprazolam abuse to some extent. Alprazolam might still be a good choice for individuals who do not have a history of abuse of other substances, with adequate psychoeducation and close monitoring of their usage pattern.

Conclusion
There is a need to reconsider the need for long-term use of benzodiazepines in general, and alprazolam in particular. However, they still might be an appropriate choice in individuals where abuse and dependence are less likely.
Nomograms for predicting the recurrence probability and recurrence-free survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after conversion hepatectomy based on hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: a multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Deng Min , Lei Qiucheng , Wang Jiamin , Lee Carol , Guan Renguo , Li Shaohua , Wei Wei , Chen Huanwei , Zhong Chong , Guo Rongping 
Published: April 2023

Background:
This study aimed to establish and validate nomograms to predict the probability of recurrence and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after conversion hepatectomy based on hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).

Methods:
Nomograms were constructed using data from a retrospective study of 214 consecutive patients treated with HAIC-based conversion liver resection between January 2016 and July 2020. Nomograms predicting the probability of tumor recurrence and RFS were established based on predictors selected by multivariate regression analysis. Predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were examined. Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. External validation was performed using cohorts (n=128) from three other centers.

Results:
Recurrence rates in the primary and external validation cohorts were 63.6 and 45.3%, respectively. Nomograms incorporating clinicopathological features of tumor recurrence and RFS were generated. Concordance index (C-index) scores of the nomograms for predicting recurrence probability and RFS were 0.822 (95% CI, 0.703–0.858) and 0.769 (95% CI, 0.731–0.814) in the primary cohort, and 0.802 (95% CI, 0.726–0.878) and 0.777 (95% CI, 0.719–0.835) in the external validation cohort, respectively. Calibration curves indicated good agreement between the nomograms and actual observations. Moreover, the nomograms outperformed the commonly used staging systems. Patients with low risk, stratified by the median nomogram scores had better RFS (low risk vs. high risk, 36.5 vs. 5.2 months, P<0.001). The external validation cohort supported these findings.

Conclusions:
The presented nomograms showed favorable accuracy for predicting recurrence probability and RFS in HCC patients treated with HAIC-based conversion hepatectomy. Identifying risk factors and estimating tumor recurrence may help clinicians in the decision-making process regarding adjuvant therapies for patients with HCC, which eventually achieves better oncological outcomes.
Beyond donation to organ utilization in the UK
Authors: Ibrahim Maria , Callaghan Chris J. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Optimizing deceased donor organ utilization is gaining recognition as a topical and important issue, both in the United Kingdom (UK) and globally. This review discusses pertinent issues in the field of organ utilization, with specific reference to UK data and recent developments within the UK.

Recent findings
A multifaceted approach is likely required in order to improve organ utilization. Having a solid evidence-base upon which transplant clinicians and patients on national waiting lists can base decisions regarding organ utilization is imperative in order to bridge gaps in knowledge regarding the optimal use of each donated organ. A better understanding of the risks and benefits of the uses of higher risk organs, along with innovations such as novel machine perfusion technologies, can help clinician decision-making and may ultimately reduce the unnecessary discard of precious deceased donor organs.

Summary
The issues facing the UK with regards to organ utilization are likely to be similar to those in many other developed countries. Discussions around these issues within organ donation and transplantation communities may help facilitate shared learning, lead to improvements in the usage of scarce deceased donor organs, and enable better outcomes for patients waiting for transplants.
Correlation between blood group, Rh, and obesity with colorectal carcinoma among patients attending Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital/Baghdad: a case–control study
Authors: Abdulsattar Safaa H. , Hasan Riyadh M. , Hindoush Laith N. 
Published: April 2023

Background:Several studies had been conducted on the association between blood group ABO and the risk of gastrointestinal malignancies, such as gastric and pancreatic cancer. Studies have also been conducted on the risk of obesity with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). It is unclear whether there is an association between blood group ABO and CRC and which group is more affected.Aim:The aim of this study was to show an association between the ABO blood group, Rh factor, and obesity with CRC.Patients and Methods:One hundred and two patients with CRC were included in our case–control study. Blood group, Rh factor, and BMI were estimated and compared with a control group of 180 Iraqis who came to the Endoscopy Department of Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital for preoperative control colonoscopy between January 2016 and January 2019.Results:The overall distributions of ABO and Rh factor were comparable between patients (41.17% A+, 5.88% A−, 6.86% B+, 2.94 B−, 1.96% AB+, 1.96% AB−, 37.25% O+, and 1.96% O−) and controls (26.66% A+, 1.11% A−, 20% B+, 1.11 B−, 13.3% AB+, 1.11% AB−, 34.44% O+, and 2.22% O−). Statistically, there were significant differences between patients with CRC and control subjects in terms of their blood groups. The A+ group was found in 42 cases (41.17%), followed by O+ in 38 cases (37.25%). Their BMI ranged from 18.5 to 40 kg/m2. Overweight patients were more common in 46 cases (45%) followed by obesity class І 32 cases (32.37%) with aP-value of 0.00016. Sixty-two of the patients with CRC (60.78%) were male and 40 cases (39.21%) were female. Their ages ranged from 30 to 79 years with a mean age of 55.49 years. CRC 37 cases occurred in the age group of 60–69 years (36.27).Conclusion:In this study, a statistically significant association was found between the occurrence of CRC and patients with blood group A+, O+, overweight, and obesity class І.