bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRS in neurodegenerative dementias, prodromal syndromes and at‐risk states: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: McKiernan Elizabeth , Su Li , O'Brien John 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIn recent years, MRS has benefited from increased MRI field strengths, new acquisition protocols and new processing techniques. This review aims to determine how this has altered our understanding of MRS neurometabolic markers in neurodegenerative dementias.MethodsOur systematic review of human in vivo MRS literature since 2002 pertains to Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), prodromal and ‘at‐risk’ states. Studies using field strengths of 3 T or more were included.ResultsOf 85 studies, AD and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were the most common conditions of interest (58 papers, 68%). Only 14 (16%) studies included other dementia syndromes and 13 (15%) investigated ‘at‐risk’ cohorts. Earlier findings of lower N‐acetylaspartate and higher myo‐inositol were confirmed. Additionally, lower choline and creatine in AD and MCI were reported, though inconsistently. Previously challenging‐to‐measure metabolites (glutathione, glutamate and gamma‐aminobutyric acid) were reportedly lower in AD, FTD and DLB compared with controls.DiscussionIncreasing field strength alongside targeted acquisition protocols has revealed additional metabolite changes. Most studies were small and regional metabolite differences between dementia types may not have been captured due to the predominant placement of voxels in the posterior cingulate cortex. The standard of data collection, quality control and analysis is improving due to greater consensus regarding acquisition and processing techniques. Ongoing harmonization of techniques, creation of larger and longitudinal cohorts, and placement of MRS voxels in more diverse regions will strengthen future research.
Perturbed‐analytic direct transcription for optimal control (PADOC)
Authors: Jafarimoghaddam Amin , Soler Manuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe herein coined PADOC (perturbed‐analytic direct transcription for optimal control) stands for a new transcription method for direct trajectory optimization. We construct PADOC on a novel segmented decomposition method that provides series solutions for nonlinear problems. To transcribe the infinite dimensional problem into a finite one, PADOC comes along with a new solution approach, namely, the herein coined average nonlinear programming (aNLP). The aNLP theorem suggests generating a staircase optimal solution (low resolution) and turning it into a distributed optimal solution (high resolution) by exploiting the Hamiltonian of the problem. The analytic architecture provides PADOC with an analytic connection of a truncated order between the discrete nodes of the solution. This renders stability, accuracy within an analytic resolution, robustness, and a cut‐down in the number of the decision variables in the frame of NLP. We also prove that the multipliers associated with the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions in the frame of NLP (as transcribed by PADOC) correspond to a backward analytic solution for the costate equations. We finally show distinct features of PADOC through some examples.
On the origin of gastric tumours: analysis of a case with intramucosal gastric carcinoma and oxyntic gland adenoma
Authors: Kumagai Ken , Shimizu Takahiro , Nikaido Mitsuhiro , Hirano Tomonori , Kakiuchi Nobuyuki , Takeuchi Yasuhide , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Sakurai Takaki , Teramura Mari , Utsumi Takahiro , Hiramatsu Yukiko , Nakanishi Yuki , Takai Atsushi , Miyamoto Shin'ichi , Ogawa Seishi , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost gastric cancers develop in inflamed gastric mucosa due to Helicobacter pylori infection, typically with metaplastic changes. However, the origins of gastric cancer remain unknown. Here, we present a case of intramucosal gastric carcinoma (IGC) and oxyntic gland adenoma (OGA) derived from spasmolytic polypeptide‐expressing metaplasia (SPEM). Early gastric cancer adjacent to a polyp was found in the upper corpus of a 71‐year‐old woman without H. pylori infection and was endoscopically resected. Histological examination showed IGC and OGA, both of which had predominant MUC6 expression. Interestingly, gastric glands with enriched MUC6‐positive mucous cells, referred to as SPEM, expanded between them. Whole‐exome sequencing analysis revealed a truncating KRAS(G12D) mutation in IGC, OGA, and SPEM. In addition, TP53 and CDKN2A mutations and a loss of chromosome 17p were found in the IGC, whereas a GNAS mutation was observed in the OGA. These results indicated that IGC and OGA originated from the KRAS‐mutated SPEM. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
TheMPRINTHub Data, Model, Knowledge and Research Coordination Center: Bridging the gap in maternal–pediatric therapeutics research through data integration and pharmacometrics
Authors: Quinney Sara K. , Bies Robert R. , Grannis Shaun J. , Bartlett Christopher W. , Mendonca Eneida , Rogerson Colin M. , Backes Carl H. , Shah Dhaval K. , Tillman Emma M. , Costantine Maged M. , Aruldhas Blessed W. , Allam Reva , Grant Amelia , Abbasi Mohammad Yaseen , Kandasamy Murugesh , Zang Yong , Wang Lei , Shendre Aditi , Li Lang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMaternal and pediatric populations have historically been considered “therapeutic orphans” due to their limited inclusion in clinical trials. Physiologic changes during pregnancy and lactation and growth and maturation of children alter pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of drugs. Precision therapy in these populations requires knowledge of these effects. Efforts to enhance maternal and pediatric participation in clinical studies have increased over the past few decades. However, studies supporting precision therapeutics in these populations are often small and, in isolation, may have limited impact. Integration of data from various studies, for example through physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling or bioinformatics approaches, can augment the value of data from these studies, and help identify gaps in understanding. To catalyze research in maternal and pediatric precision therapeutics, the Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch of theEunice Kennedy ShriverNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) established the Maternal and Pediatric Precision in Therapeutics (MPRINT) Hub. Herein, we provide an overview of the status of maternal–pediatric therapeutics research and introduce the Indiana University‐Ohio State University MPRINT Hub Data, Model, Knowledge and Research Coordination Center (DMKRCC), which aims to facilitate research in maternal and pediatric precision therapeutics through the integration and assessment of existing knowledge, supporting pharmacometrics and clinical trials design, development of new real‐world evidence resources, educational initiatives, and building collaborations among public and private partners, including other NICHD‐funded networks. By fostering use of existing data and resources, the DMKRCC will identify critical gaps in knowledge and support efforts to overcome these gaps to enhance maternal–pediatric precision therapeutics.
Identification of Viscoelastic Parameters for Composite Propellant by Indentation Technique
Authors: Mei Yuan , Li Dao‐Kui , Zhou Shi‐Ming , Shen Zhi‐Bin , Wu Wei‐Jing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA method for identifying the relaxation modulus or creep compliance of composite propellant based on indentation technique is proposed, which can rapidly and nondestructively measure the mechanical properties of solid rocket motor grain in storage. According to viscoelastic indentation theories, a constitutive model for conical indentation is derived to predict the mechanical parameters of composite propellants. The indentation test with different loading rates and the traditional tensile stress relaxation test for a certain PBT composite propellant were carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that the prediction results calculated by the constitutive model are in good agreement with the load‐displacement curves of the indentation test, and the mechanical parameters identified by the constitutive model are similar to those parameters fitted by the tensile stress relaxation test. Relevant methods and conclusions can provide a reference for structural analysis and storage life prediction of solid rocket motors.
Clathrin‐dependent endocytosis plays a critical role in larval and pupal development, and female oocyte production in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
Authors: Xiao Da , Yao Jianxiu , Gao Xiwu , Zhu Kun Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundClathrin‐dependent endocytosis is a vesicular transport process by which cells take macromolecules from the extracellular space to the intracellular space. It plays important roles in various cellular functions, but its biological significance in insect development and reproduction has not been well studied.ResultsWe characterized and functionally analyzed four major clathrin‐dependent endocytic pathway genes (TcChc,TcAP50,TcVhaSFD,TcRab7) inTribolium castaneum. RNA interference (RNAi) by injecting double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting each gene at three doses (50, 100, or 200 ng per insect) in 20‐day‐old larvae led to 100% larval mortality. When the expressions ofTcChc,TcVhaSFD, andTcRab7were suppressed by injecting their respective dsRNAs at each dose in 1‐day‐old pupae, the adults that emerged from the dsRNA‐injected pupae were deformed, with the absence of wing development. The deformed adults died within 2 days after eclosion. When the expression ofTcAP50was suppressed by injecting its dsRNA into 1‐day‐old pupae, although no apparent deformed adults were observed, all the adults died within 35 days after eclosion. In addition, when the expressions ofTcChcandTcVhaSFDwere suppressed by injecting their respective dsRNAs at a reduced dose (10 ng per insect) in 5‐day‐old pupae, the ovarian development and oocyte production in the resultant females were completely inhibited.ConclusionOur results indicate that clathrin‐dependent endocytosis is essential for insect development and reproduction. The results from this study can help researchers identify potential molecular targets for developing novel strategies for insect pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Societal costs associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A study utilizing linked national registries
Authors: Runheim Hannes , Kjellström Barbro , Beaudet Amélie , Ivarsson Bodil , Husberg Magnus , Pillai Nadia , Levin Lars‐Åke , Bernfort Lars 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with no cure. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; hospitalization, outpatient visits, and drug utilization) before diagnosis and productivity loss (sick leave and disability pension) before and after PAH diagnosis are not well known. By linking several Swedish national databases, this study have estimated the societal costs in a national PAH cohort (n = 749, diagnosed with PAH in 2008−2019) 5 years before and 5 years after diagnosis and compared to an age, sex, and geographically matched control group (n = 3745, 1:5 match). HCRU and productivity loss were estimated per patient per year.The PAH group had significantly higher HCRU and productivity loss compared to the control group starting already 3 and 5 years before diagnosis, respectively. HCRU peaked the year after diagnosis in the PAH group with hospitalizations (mean ± standard deviation; 2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 0.2 ± 0.0), outpatient visits (5.3 ± 0.3 vs. 0.9 ± 0.1), and days on sick leave (130 ± 10 vs. 13 ± 1) significantly higher compared to controls. Total costs during the entire 10‐year period were six times higher for the PAH group than the control group. In the 5 years before diagnosis the higher costs were driven by productivity loss (76%) and hospitalizations (15%), while the 5 years after diagnosis the main cost drivers were drugs (63%), hospitalizations (16%), and productivity loss (16%). In conclusion, PAH was associated with large societal costs due to high HCRU and productivity loss, starting several years before diagnosis. The economic and clinical burden of PAH suggests that strategies for earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments are warranted.
Thermally activated motion of cold excitons in conjugated polymers
Authors: Köse Muhammet Erkan , Köse Esra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThermally activated migration of localized cold excitons were investigated in archetypal conjugated polymers; trans‐polyacetylene, polythiophene, and poly(p‐phenylene vinylene). Room temperature thermal energy has been found to provide sufficient energy to avail substantial mobility for excitons. A simple undistorted but displaced harmonic oscillator model has been assumed to predict the activation energy for exciton hopping between identical sites in perfectly planar conjugated chains, promoted by vibrational modes with Bu symmetry. The activation energies of exciton hopping has been found to increase in the order of trans‐polyacetylene (6.4 meV), polythiophene (29.5 meV), and poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (147.4 meV). A rough Monte‐Carlo simulation based on incoherent hopping mechanism reveals excitons can displace in an average of 2.17 nm in polythiophene whereas those distances are much smaller in poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (0.24 nm) and trans‐polyacetylene (0.37 nm). The simulation results partially explain why polythiophene based polymers are better suited for organic photovoltaic applications whereas poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) are more appropriate for organic light emitting diode applications.
Fresh insights for sustainable development: Collaborative governance of carbon emissions based on social network analysis
Authors: Lu Ping , Li Zhihong , Wen Ying , Liu Jianhui , Yuan Yue , Niu Ruiyu , Wang Yiran , Han Liangliang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobal climate change caused by carbon emissions has brought severe challenges to the sustainable development of global economy. In this context, this study constructs a weighted and directed carbon emission network for the European Union (EU). We use social network analysis to measure the indicators of the structural characteristics of the EU carbon emission network, and employ cluster analysis to investigate the role of countries in the carbon emission network. Furthermore, we use linear regression to explore the impacts of structural characteristics of carbon emission network on carbon emissions. The results show that, first the carbon emissions ties among the EU countries show a typical network structure during the sample period. Countries such as Germany, France, and Belgium are at the center of the carbon emission network, while Malta, Cyprus, and Croatia are at the edge. Second, different countries play the roles of “net spillover,” “broker,” “two‐way spillover,” and “net receiver” in the EU carbon emission network. Last, the increase of network density, the decrease of network hierarchy and the decrease of network efficiency all significantly reduce the carbon emission intensity of the EU, and narrow the spatial difference of carbon emissions among countries. Improving the weighted centrality indicators of nodes in the carbon emission network is helpful to reduce the carbon emission intensity of the EU countries. Based on the findings, this article puts forward policy suggestions for the collaborative governance of EU carbon emission abatement.
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Ultrafast Detection of Formaldehyde in Wood and Food Samples
Authors: Pei Xiaojuan , Wang Tianzhu , Liu Chaozheng , Liu Zhipeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFluorescent sensing of formaldehyde (FA) in the environment is of great significance for human health. However, the development of ratiometric fluorescent probes for ultrasensitive FA detection is challenging due to the lack of suitable strategies. In this study, we demonstrate that ratiometric FA nanoprobes can be facile constructed by integrating two simultaneously excitable fluorophores into a polymer matrix. Using this strategy, we developed a ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe (Nano‐FAP‐1) for the highly sensitive detection of FA in environmental samples by incorporating a 4‐hydrazino‐1,8‐naphthalimide derivative (Na‐FA) as the receptor and 7‐diethylaminocoumarin‐3‐carboxyl ethyl acetate (Cou‐1) as the reference into a Pluronic F‐127 matrix. The probe achieved a highly sensitive and selective response to low concentrations of FA, with a response time of fewer than 5 s and a detection limit of 0.407 μM. It is worth noting that the probe can be used for the determination of FA in wood and food samples, demonstrating its potential application in the field of toxic gas monitoring and environmental protection.
A practical approach to localization of a suppurative cavity and resolution of a chronic draining tract in a horse
Authors: Kelly Megan , Wood Bradley M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis case report describes a practical method for resolving a hard to localize abscess in a horse resulting from a traumatic injury near the stifle joint. When the horse presented for a chronic draining tract, a foreign body was suspected, with no external indication of location. Although ultrasonography was attempted to localize the abscess, the practitioner could not confidently identify the source of the draining tract. Radiography revealed a gas‐filled cavity approximately 28 cm proximal to the tract opening. In order to establish continuity between the tract opening and the presumed suppurative cavity, the practitioner developed a malleable radiopaque probe from readily available materials. Ultrasonography combined with the radiopaque probe allowed for confident localization and formulation of a surgical plan. The use of inexpensive available materials minimized cost and avoided delays in diagnosis and treatment. This improvised fistulographic method is suitable for practitioners at any skill level or practice setting.
Pflegeheim-sensitive Krankenhausfälle und Ansätze zur Verringerung der Hospitalisierung von Pflegeheimbewohnerinnen und -bewohnern
Authors: Valk-Draad Maria Paula , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine ,   PSK-Studiengruppe, Valk-Draad Maria Paula , Stahl Katja , Bienstein Christel , Heppner Hans-Jürgen , Sönnichsen Andreas , Bachmann Hagen Sjard , Thuermann Petra , Gröne Oliver , Zietzsch Paula , Hildebrandt Helmut , Klie Thomas , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Interventionen zur Vermeidung von potenziell risikobehafteten Krankenhauseinweisungen aus dem Pflegeheim sind von hoher Bedeutung für Patientensicherheit und Versorgungsqualität. Ein Katalog Pflegeheim-sensitiver Krankenhausfälle (PSK) bildet die Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Handlungsempfehlungen.

Methoden
In zwei vorangegangenen Forschungsphasen entwickelte ein Expertenpanel einen Katalog mit 58 PSK mittels eines angepassten Delphi-Verfahrens (die RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Methode). Dieses Verfahren wurde von der Nord-Amerikanischen gemeinnützigen Research and Development Organisation (RAND) und Klinikern der Universität von Kalifornien in Los Angeles (UCLA) entwickelt. In der hier vorgestellten dritten Projektphase wurden zunächst in einem Expertenworkshop Interventionsansätze zu deren Reduktion entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse wurden anschließend durch sechs Gutachtende aus themenverwandten Sektoren bewertet, ergänzt und systematisch zur Erstellung von Handlungsempfehlungen verwendet. Mögliche Umsetzungshürden wurden berücksichtigt und der Zeithorizont der Wirksamkeit abgeschätzt.

Ergebnis
Die Handlungsempfehlungen betreffen Bereiche der Kommunikation, Kooperation, Dokumentation und Versorgungskompetenz sowie einrichtungsbezogene, finanzielle und rechtliche Aspekte. Einzelne Indikationsbündel demonstrieren die Relevanz für das deutsche Gesundheitswesen. Zur Erhöhung der Wirksamkeit empfehlen die Sachverständigen eine sinnvolle Kombination von Handlungsempfehlungen.

Diskussion
Durch eine Optimierung multidisziplinärer Kommunikation und Kooperation, kombiniert mit einem – auch digitalen – Ausbau der Infrastruktur bei Schaffung einrichtungsbezogener rechtlicher Voraussetzungen und Vergütungsstrukturen, könnten fast 35 % aller Hospitalisierungen aus dem Pflegeheim, rund 220.000 Krankenhausfälle in Deutschland, vermieden werden. Die für Maßnahmen erforderlichen Ausgaben könnten aus Einsparungen durch vermiedene Krankenhausaufenthalte in Höhe von 768 Mio. € refinanziert werden.
Moderne Bildgebung des Lungenhilus
Authors: Kronenberg Daniel , Frauenfelder Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die moderne medizinische Bildgebung ist ein wichtiger Teil der effizienten ambulanten und stationären Patientenversorgung. Die konventionelle Röntgenaufnahme und die Computertomographie (CT) gehören zu den am häufigsten durchgeführten radiologischen Untersuchungen. Die Radiologie ermöglicht eine zielorientierte Präzisionsmedizin.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine Übersicht über die Anatomie und die häufigsten Pathologien am Lungenhilus (LH), einer wichtigen Schnittstelle elementarer Strukturen des Thorax. Außerdem werden wichtige Zeichen und Muster zur Bildinterpretation in verschiedenen Modalitäten betrachtet.

Ergebnisse
Eine genaue Kenntnis der Anatomie, der bildgebenden Zeichen pathologischer Veränderungen und Pitfalls in der konventionellen Röntgenaufnahme und in der sensitiveren Schnittbildgebung ist essenziell, um eine zielgerichtete Patientenversorgung zu unterstützen.

Schlussfolgerung
Das konventionelle Röntgenbild ist günstig und schnell verfügbar. Es eignet sich sehr gut zum Pathologie-Screening, u. a. am Lungenhilus. Die Schnittbildgebung präzisiert aufgrund der deutlich besseren Differenzierbarkeit anatomischer Strukturen die Diagnostik.
Hippocampal neurochemicals are associated with exercise group and intensity, psychological health, and general cognition in older adults
Authors: Reitlo Line S. , Mihailovic Jelena M. , Stensvold Dorthe , Wisløff Ulrik , Hyder Fahmeed , Håberg Asta Kristine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBased on the premise that physical activity/exercise impacts hippocampal structure and function, we investigated if hippocampal metabolites for neuronal viability and cell membrane density (i.e., N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr)) were higher in older adults performing supervised exercise compared to following national physical activity guidelines. Sixty-three participants (75.3 ± 1.9 years after 3 years of intervention) recruited from the Generation 100 study (NCT01666340_date:08.16.2012) were randomized into a supervised exercise group (SEG) performing twice weekly moderate- to high-intensity training, and a control group (CG) following national physical activity guidelines of ≥ 30-min moderate physical activity ≥ 5 days/week. Hippocampal body and head volumes and NAA, Cho, and Cr levels were acquired at 3T with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic imaging. Sociodemographic data, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), exercise characteristics, psychological health, and cognition were recorded. General linear models were used to assess group differences and associations corrected for age, sex, education, and hippocampal volume. Both groups adhered to their training, where SEG trained at higher intensity. SEG had significantly lower NAA/Cr in hippocampal body than CG (p = 0.04). Across participants, higher training intensity was associated with lower Cho/Cr in hippocampal body (p < 0.001). Change in VO2peak, increasing VO2peak from baseline to 3 years, or VO2peak at 3 years were not associated with hippocampal neurochemicals. Lower NAA/Cr in hippocampal body was associated with poorer psychological health and slightly higher cognitive scores. Thus, following the national physical activity guidelines and not training at the highest intensity level were associated with the best neurochemical profile in the hippocampus at 3 years.