bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic analysis of towed cable with variable length during turning maneuvers
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Zhao Bowen , Zhu Keqiang , Jiang Haoyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe configuration of marine towing cable changes significantly during the turning process, with the rotating procedure with fixed cable length being the most frequent. To overcome these challenges, the configuration and dynamic properties of the marine towing cable must be addressed. However, under some particular operating situations, the tugboat must release the marine towed cable during rotation, resulting in a constant change in the length of the marine cable. In view of this, the towed cable is discretized into a lumped mass model based on the lumped mass method, and the dynamic analysis model of the rotation process of towed cable with variable length under different release speeds and different depths is established. This is done with reference to the specific parameters of a towed system, combined with the specific sea conditions of a particular sea area. Time-domain coupling analysis is used to determine the dynamic changes in configuration and stress of marine towing cable at various release speeds and depths. The results of the calculations have some guiding relevance for a certain engineering practice.
Mechanical weeding enhances ecosystem multifunctionality and profit in industrial oil palm
Authors: Iddris Najeeb Al-Amin , Formaglio Greta , Paul Carola , von Groß Volker , Chen Guantao , Angulo-Rubiano Andres , Berkelmann Dirk , Brambach Fabian , Darras Kevin F. A. , Krashevska Valentyna , Potapov Anton , Wenzel Arne , Irawan Bambang , Damris Muhammad , Daniel Rolf , Grass Ingo , Kreft Holger , Scheu Stefan , Tscharntke Teja , Tjoa Aiyen , Veldkamp Edzo , Corre Marife D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOil palm is the most productive oil crop, but its high productivity is associated with conventional management (that is, high fertilization rates and herbicide application), causing deleterious environmental impacts. Using a 22 factorial experiment, we assessed the effects of conventional vs reduced (equal to nutrients removed by fruit harvest) fertilization rates and herbicide vs mechanical weeding on ecosystem functions, biodiversity and profitability. Analysing across multiple ecosystem functions, mechanical weeding exhibited higher multifunctionality than herbicide treatment, although this effect was concealed when evaluating only for individual functions. Biodiversity was also enhanced, driven by 33% more plant species under mechanical weeding. Compared with conventional management, reduced fertilization and mechanical weeding increased profit by 12% and relative gross margin by 11% due to reductions in material costs, while attaining similar yields. Mechanical weeding with reduced, compensatory fertilization in mature oil palm plantations is a tenable management option for enhancing ecosystem multifunctionality and biodiversity and increasing profit, providing win–win situations.
Vivid COVID-19 LAMP is an ultrasensitive, quadruplexed test using LNA-modified primers and a zinc ion and 5-Br-PAPS colorimetric detection system
Authors: Szobi Adrián , Buranovská Katarína , Vojtaššáková Nina , Lovíšek Daniel , Özbaşak Halil Önder , Szeibeczederová Sandra , Kapustian Liudmyla , Hudáčová Zuzana , Kováčová Viera , Drobná Diana , Putaj Piotr , Bírová Stanislava , Čirková Ivana , Čarnecký Martin , Kilián Peter , Jurkáček Peter , Čabanová Viktória , Boršová Kristína , Sláviková Monika , Vaňová Veronika , Klempa Boris , Čekan Pavol , Paul Evan D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSensitive and rapid point-of-care assays have been crucial in the global response to SARS-CoV-2. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as an important diagnostic tool given its simplicity and minimal equipment requirements, although limitations exist regarding sensitivity and the methods used to detect reaction products. We describe the development of Vivid COVID-19 LAMP, which leverages a metallochromic detection system utilizing zinc ions and a zinc sensor, 5-Br-PAPS, to circumvent the limitations of classic detection systems dependent on pH indicators or magnesium chelators. We make important strides in improving RT-LAMP sensitivity by establishing principles for using LNA-modified LAMP primers, multiplexing, and conducting extensive optimizations of reaction parameters. To enable point-of-care testing, we introduce a rapid sample inactivation procedure without RNA extraction that is compatible with self-collected, non-invasive gargle samples. Our quadruplexed assay (targeting E, N, ORF1a, and RdRP) reliably detects 1 RNA copy/µl of sample (=8 copies/reaction) from extracted RNA and 2 RNA copies/µl of sample (=16 copies/reaction) directly from gargle samples, making it one of the most sensitive RT-LAMP tests and even comparable to RT-qPCR. Additionally, we demonstrate a self-contained, mobile version of our assay in a variety of high-throughput field testing scenarios on nearly 9,000 crude gargle samples. Vivid COVID-19 LAMP can be an important asset for the endemic phase of COVID-19 as well as preparing for future pandemics.
Labelling instructions matter in biomedical image analysis
Authors: Rädsch Tim , Reinke Annika , Weru Vivienn , Tizabi Minu D. , Schreck Nicholas , Kavur A. Emre , Pekdemir Bünyamin , Roß Tobias , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Maier-Hein Lena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiomedical image analysis algorithm validation depends on high-quality annotation of reference datasets, for which labelling instructions are key. Despite their importance, their optimization remains largely unexplored. Here we present a systematic study of labelling instructions and their impact on annotation quality in the field. Through comprehensive examination of professional practice and international competitions registered at the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention Society, the largest international society in the biomedical imaging field, we uncovered a discrepancy between annotators’ needs for labelling instructions and their current quality and availability. On the basis of an analysis of 14,040 images annotated by 156 annotators from four professional annotation companies and 708 Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdworkers using instructions with different information density levels, we further found that including exemplary images substantially boosts annotation performance compared with text-only descriptions, while solely extending text descriptions does not. Finally, professional annotators constantly outperform Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdworkers. Our study raises awareness for the need of quality standards in biomedical image analysis labelling instructions.
Improving the climate resilience of European cities via socially acceptable nature-based solutions
Authors: Sari Ramazan , Soytas Ugur , Kanoglu-Ozkan Dilge Guldehen , Sivrikaya Aysen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroducing nature based solutions (NBS) into urban areas is a challenging task for climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, the impact and effectiveness of NBS contingent upon the social acceptability of implemented measures. This study uses a dynamic and adaptive social acceptance framework that shows how data-driven science can inform the integration of NBS into cities while also ensuring that the public embraces these solutions. We apply the framework to four different cases: METU Forest in Ankara, Tisza River Bank in Szeged, Forest Garden in Alcalá de Henares, and Quarries in Milan. The results indicate that the key factor affecting social acceptance are procedural and distributive fairness, perceived risks, costs and benefits, knowledge, experience, and personal norms. Perceived benefit is the single common driver that directly affects social acceptance across the four case studies. Understanding the risk and benefits of an NBS and developing personal norms related to the environment will contribute to the improvement of resilience.
The food-water-energy nexus and green roofs in Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil, and Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Meng Fanxin , Yuan Qiuling , Bellezoni Rodrigo A. , Puppim de Oliveira Jose A. , Hu Yuanchao , Jing Rui , Liu Gengyuan , Yang Zhifeng , Seto Karen C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGreen roofs affect the urban food-water-energy nexus and have the potential to contribute to sustainability. Here we developed a generalizable methodology and framework for data-sparse cities to analyze the food-water-energy nexus of green roofs. Our framework integrates the environmental costs and benefits of green roofs with food-water-energy systems and makes it possible to trace energy-water-carbon footprints across city boundaries. Testing the framework in São José dos Campos (SJC), Brazil and Johannesburg, South Africa, we found that green roofs are essentially carbon neutral and net energy consumers from a life cycle perspective. SJC is a net water beneficiary while Johannesburg is a net water consumer. Rainwater utilization could save irrigated water, but requires 1.2 times more energy consumption. Our results show that SJC and Johannesburg could direct their green roof development from local food production and energy saving, respectively and highlight opportunities for green roof practices in cities.
Transiting consolidated ice strongly influenced polynya area during a shrink event in Terra Nova Bay in 2013
Authors: Lin Yichen , Yang Qinghua , Mazloff Matthew , Wu Xingren , Tian-Kunze Xiangshan , Kaleschke Lars , Yu Lejiang , Chen Dake 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoastal polynyas in Antarctica are a window of air-sea energy exchange and an important source of Antarctic Bottom Water production. However, the relationship between the polynya area variation and the surrounding marine environment is yet to be fully understood. Here we quantify the influence of the volume of transiting consolidated ice on the Terra Nova Bay Polynya area with ice thickness data. Changes in transiting consolidated ice volume are shown to dominate the evolution and variation of the polynya during a typical polynya shrinking event that occurred between 19 June to 03 July, 2013, rather than katabatic winds or air temperature, which are commonly assumed to be the main drivers. Over the cold seasons from 2013 to 2020, the Terra Nova Bay Polynya area is highly correlated to the transiting consolidated ice volume. We demonstrate that thick transiting ice limits the polynya area by blocking the newly-formed sea ice from leaving.
Directed Attention and Habituation: Two Concepts Critical to Tinnitus Management
Authors: Henry James A. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
Directed attention and habituation are key concepts pertaining to clinical intervention for bothersome tinnitus. Directed attention is the strategy of distracting attention away from the tinnitus. Habituation is the process of learning to stop paying attention to stimuli that are irrelevant or meaningless. Although tinnitus may be intrusive, it usually does not reflect some underlying condition requiring medical attention. Tinnitus in most instances is therefore considered an irrelevant, meaningless stimulus that is best treated by facilitating habituation to the phantom sound. This tutorial describes directed attention and habituation and how they relate to major behavioral methods of tinnitus intervention.

Method:
Arguably, the four major behavioral methods of tinnitus intervention with the strongest research evidence are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT), tinnitus activities treatment (TAT), and progressive tinnitus management (PTM). Each of these four methods was evaluated to determine the role of directed attention as a treatment strategy and habituation as a treatment goal.

Results:
All four of the methods (CBT, TRT, TAT, and PTM) utilize some form of directed attention as a component of their counseling. Habituation is the explicit or implicit goal of each of these methods.

Conclusions:
Directed attention and habituation are essential concepts for all of the major methods of behavioral intervention for tinnitus that were studied. It would therefore seem appropriate to include directed attention as a universal treatment strategy for bothersome tinnitus. Likewise, the commonality of habituation as the objective of treatment would suggest that habituation should be the universal goal of any method that is intended to mitigate the emotional and functional effects of tinnitus.
On‐device audio‐visual multi‐person wake word spotting
Authors: Li Yidi , Wang Guoquan , Chen Zhan , Tang Hao , Liu Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAudio‐visual wake word spotting is a challenging multi‐modal task that exploits visual information of lip motion patterns to supplement acoustic speech to improve overall detection performance. However, most audio‐visual wake word spotting models are only suitable for simple single‐speaker scenarios and require high computational complexity. Further development is hindered by complex multi‐person scenarios and computational limitations in mobile environments. In this paper, a novel audio‐visual model is proposed for on‐device multi‐person wake word spotting. Firstly, an attention‐based audio‐visual voice activity detection module is presented, which generates an attention score matrix of audio and visual representations to derive active speaker representation. Secondly, the knowledge distillation method is introduced to transfer knowledge from the large model to the on‐device model to control the size of our model. Moreover, a new audio‐visual dataset, PKU‐KWS, is collected for sentence‐level multi‐person wake word spotting. Experimental results on the PKU‐KWS dataset show that this approach outperforms the previous state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Robust graph‐based localization for industrial Internet of things in the presence of flipping ambiguities
Authors: Haq Mian Imtiaz ul , Khalil Ruhul Amin , Almutiry Muhannad , Sawalmeh Ahmad , Ahmad Tanveer , Saeed Nasir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLocalisation of machines in harsh Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment is necessary for various applications. Therefore, a novel localisation algorithm is proposed for noisy range measurements in IIoT networks. The position of an unknown machine device in the network is estimated using the relative distances between blind machines (BMs) and anchor machines (AMs). Moreover, a more practical and challenging scenario with the erroneous position of AM is considered, which brings additional uncertainty to the final position estimation. Therefore, the AMs selection algorithm for the localisation of BMs in the IIoT network is introduced. Only those AMs will participate in the localisation process, which increases the accuracy of the final location estimate. Then, the closed‐form expression of the proposed greedy successive anchorization process is derived, which prevents possible local convergence, reduces computation, and achieves Cramér‐Rao lower bound accuracy for white Gaussian measurement noise. The results are compared with the state‐of‐the‐art and verified through numerous simulations.
A novel distributed architecture for unmanned aircraft systems based on Robot Operating System 2
Authors: Bianchi Lorenzo , Carnevale Daniele , Del Frate Fabio , Masocco Roberto , Mattogno Simone , Romanelli Fabrizio , Tenaglia Alessandro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel distributed control architecture for unmanned aircraft system (UASs) based on the new Robot Operating System (ROS) 2 middleware is proposed, endowed with industrial‐grade tools that establish a novel standard for high‐reliability distributed systems. The architecture has been developed for an autonomous quadcopter to design an inclusive solution ranging from low‐level sensor management and soft real‐time operating system setup and tuning to perception, exploration, and navigation modules orchestrated by a finite‐state machine. The architecture proposed in this study builds on ROS 2 with its scalability and soft real‐time communication functionalities, while including security and safety features, optimised implementations of localisation algorithms, and integrating an innovative and flexible path planner for UASs. Finally, experimental results have been collected during tests carried out both in the laboratory and in a realistic environment, showing the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in terms of reliability, scalability, and flexibility.
A first‐harmonic push–push oscillator based active integrated dual‐beam switchable array antenna
Authors: Hasan Maodudul , Nishiyama Eisuke , Tanaka Takayuki , Toyoda Ichihiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new active integrated array antenna (AIAA) for dual‐beam switchable functionality. The proposed AIAA comprises a first‐harmonic push–push oscillator, four linearly polarized microstrip antennas, and a switchable feed network. The first‐harmonic push–push oscillator eliminates the impact of load variation and usage of a filter to suppress the second‐ and higher‐harmonic frequency signals. By using the switchable feed network, the main beam direction of the radiation pattern can be switched between two states, i.e. . The performance of the proposed antenna is experimentally evaluated. The measured results show an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of +27.5 dBm, DC‐to‐RF efficiency of 20.26%, and figure of merit (FOM) of −155.2 dBc Hz−1 at the fundamental frequency of 5.9 GHz.
Low‐light image enhancement via span correction function and discrete mapping model
Authors: He Lei , Liu Shouxin , Long Wei , Li Yanyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new low‐light image enhancement method, which we call the Local Discrete Mapping Method. The new method limits the processing range to small areas with a high information relevance, which can better coordinate the enhancement quality of each area. First, the discrete mapping relationship of pixels (called discrete mapping points) globally occupying a small part of the critical gray value was extracted and designated to keep the enhancement amplitude of each local area consistent. Then, other free mapping points were adjusted according to the local features to achieve the best visual effect in each local area. In addition, this paper also proposes a span correction function that takes the gray span between local pixels as the adjustment object. The function can preserve the gray difference between freely mapped pixels to the maximum and significantly reduce detailed damage in the local area. Finally, we used 1500 test images and eleven objective evaluation indicators in the public dataset to comprehensively test the seven methods. The experimental results showed that the proposed method has an excellent dark area quality enhancement, brightness detail protection, overall noise suppression, and processing speed. It is significantly better than similar methods in terms of visual quality and quantitative testing.
Introduction of emerging mobility services in rural areas through the use of mobile network data combined with activity‐based travel demand modelling
Authors: Franco Patrizia , Kaba Djibril , Close Steve , Jundi Shyma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhilst urban areas are thriving in trialling new mobility services (NMS), rural environments, often perceived as areas of low demand for travel, struggle to attract investments for creating more mobility solutions alongside traditional public transport (PT) services, making residents more reliant on private cars.This paper describes how policy interventions for introducing NMS in rural areas should be guided by big data to capture real and accurate travel behaviours, therefore avoiding perceived biases and potentially underestimating demand.In the UK, the provision of transport in rural areas is solely linked to population density and does not consider differences between places and residents’ travel habits. The proposed data‐driven decision‐making process used trip‐chains from mobile network data (MND) to derive recent and accurate travel patterns from residents and provide the right mix of on‐demand mobility services alongside existing fixed scheduled public transport (PT).The manuscript describes the steps carried out to study three rural areas at low, medium and high population density in the UK: a data landscape to select study areas; the development of an activity‐based model, which uses anonymised mobile network data (MND) aggregated at trip‐chains level to derive travel patterns; and the development of an on‐line questionnaire and focus groups with rural communities to co‐designing solutions based on attitudes towards NMS.Results demonstrated that a data‐driven decision making process to introduce NMS is a viable solution for updating demand for travel in rural areas, offering a broad understanding of mobility needs and the relationship of interdependency with nearby areas, therefore allowing policy makers to create users‐centric transport solutions.The study concludes by drawing recommendations for NMS for passengers and goods for the NMS proposed for a rural areas [Demand Responsive Transport (DRT), Micro‐mobility and delivery drones].
A new transformer‐less common grounded five‐level grid‐tied inverter with leakage current elimination and voltage boosting capability for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Vosoughi Kurdkandi Naser , Marangalu Milad Ghavipanjeh , Alavi Peyman , Gharehkoushan Amirreza Zarrin , Rahimpour Saeed , Islam Md Rabiul , Muttaqi Kashem M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to serious Concerns such as air pollution, global warming, and fossil fuels shortcoming, renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic applications are dramatically being integrated into the power generation systems all of the world. Here, a new switched‐capacitor‐based transformer‐less grid‐tied inverter has been proposed. By applying the series–parallel switching technique of the utilized switched‐capacitor module, the voltage boosting capability has been obtained. By implementing common ground technique, high overall efficiency and leakage current elimination capability have been obtained. Since the proposed inverter provides a multi‐level output voltage, the total harmonic distortion of the injected grid current is reduced. The introduced control strategy has been implemented to control both active and reactive powers and generate the switches pulses. Therefore, a high quality and adjusted current is injected to the grid. This inverter requires a single renewable energy source as input DC source. Here, the comprehensive description of the proposed inverter and its performance with design considerations have been presented. The proposed structure has been compared with several similar structures and the obtained results have been investigated. To evaluate the performance of the proposed inverter, a 620 W laboratory prototype is assembled and experimental results are analyzed.