bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles against Cariogenic Pathogens – An In vitro Study
Authors: Chittrarasu M. , Ahamed A. Shafie , Ravi Vaiyapuri 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Nowadays, emergence of drug resistance might happen in the world. Hence, invention of new dental material had started by researchers for the same. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial property of green synthesized nanosilver particles against dental cariogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Materials and Methods:
An in vitro study had been designed to meet the objectives. Galla Chinensis ellagic acid powder synthesized nanosilver particles (GCAgNPs) synthesized nanosilver particles were used in this study. The cariogenic bacteria S. mutans (ATCC 25175) and L. acidophilus (ATCC 4356) were used in this study. The antimicrobial activity was detected at different concentrations (1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, and 62.5 μg/ml) by means of qualitative and quantitative methods.

Results:
The results show a statistically significant difference between all the concentration (1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 62.5 μg/ml) in Galla Chinensis synthesized silver nanoparticles (GCAgNPs) in S. mutans and L. acdiophilus. Intergroup comparison of GCAgNPs shows a statistically significant difference among all the concentrations against S. mutans and L. acidophilus.

Conclusion:
GCAgNPs show antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus microorganisms.
Evaluation of Crack Propagation after Root Canal Preparation with Continuous and Reciprocating Files and Final Finishing with XP Endo Finisher – An In vitro Study
Authors: Hariprasad R , Anoop V. N. , Raj P Rajesh , Obulareddy Vishnu Teja , Kunjumon Renju M. , Sadula Kiran Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
One of the disadvantages of stainless steel instruments used for root canal preparation is the lack of flexibility and shape memory. The invention of rotary instruments has been successful in overcoming these problems to a greater extent; however, some drawbacks still remain, one of which is vertical root fracture and the cause for it is microcracks formation in dentin, which in turn causes vertical root fracture. There are enough studies for microcracks using different rotary systems and this study compared microcracks with single as well as reciprocating files followed by final finishing with XP endo finisher. Apart from other studies, we used conefocal laser scanning microscope to assess microcrack propagation before and after instrumentation with each rotary system.

Aim:
To evaluate microcrack propagation in mandibular molars after root canal preparation with continuous and reciprocating file systems followed by final finishing with XP Endo finisher.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty mandibular molars indicated for the extraction due to periodontal causes were selected for this study. They were divided into three groups based on rotary systems used: Group A: ProTaper universal; Group B: ProTaper gold; and Group C: Waveone gold. All specimens were subjected to scanning before instrumentation to assess the presence of any existing cracks. Cone focal laser microscopic scanning is again repeated for each specimen after instrumentation with each rotary system and also after final finishing with XP Endo finisher.

Statistical Analysis:
One-way ANOVA is used.

Results:
Crack propagation is the highest with ProTaper universal and least with waveone gold. After final finishing of canals with XP Endo finisher, crack propagation observed was negligible.

Conclusion:
The success of root canal treatment depends on effective disinfection of root canal system. XP Endo finisher can be used as a final finishing file by considering its advantageous properties, moreover crack propagation with XP Endo finisher in an previously instrumented canal is negligible.
Assessment of Oral Health Status with Visually Impaired Children in Patna City, Bihar
Authors: Anand Santosh , Kavita Kumari , Pandey Amresh , Verma Shilpi , Singh Revati , Singh Rohit 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
Children with a visually impairment often face various challenges in their day-to-day skills. Oral hygiene maintenance is one major task for them. Such child has difficulty to live current normal life and demands of permission or healthy life. The present study aims to assess the oral health in children with visually impaired using oral health status assessment tool in Patna city.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional institutional survey was implicated among visually impaired children who attend special school in Patna city. A total of 180 visually impaired children were selected as per the inclusion criteria. Participant's parents gave written consent for the study. The oral hygiene practices of visually impaired children were recorded by teachers. Oral health assessment tool (OHAT) findings were recorded by the principal investigator.

Results:
Sixty-seven percent of children had gingival inflammation and 59.8% had normal tongue. 55.2% of children had 1–3 decayed or broken teeth and 16.1% had unhealthy natural teeth. 78.7% of children had change in oral hygiene.

Conclusion:
Oral health status of visually impaired child was very poor and gingivitis was also seen according to usage of oral hygiene assessment tool(OHAT). The sentence should be chaged as Oral health status of visually impaired child was very poor and gingivitis was also seen according to usage of oral hygiene assessment tool (OHAT).
The training of the religion teacher
Authors: Andrei Constantin 
Published: February 2023

The most complete knowledge of the situation of the Christian family today and the deeper understanding of its spiritual vocation in the Church and society are imposed as two fundamental coordinates of the teacher of religion. This fact evokes the need for faithfulness and discernment for the faith of every Christian, as well as his need to face the complex reality of today's society. Respecting the missionary principles of the Church and those of general pedagogy, the religion teacher has several pedagogical roles. The continuous formation of educators who teach religion in schools foresees a necessary and mandatory missionary involvement of the Church.
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI N-HEKASAN, FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT, FRAKSI AIR DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
Authors: Anggraini Ponco Harum , Septiarini Anita Dwi , Wardani Tatiana Siska 
Published: February 2023

Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) mengandung banyak flavonoid yaitu flavon, flavanon, dan flavan sehingga dapat menjadi antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan daya hambat ekstrak dan fraksi N-Heksan, fraksi Etil Asetat, fraksi Air Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 serta untuk mengetahui fraksi teraktif untuk menghambat bakteri. Pengujian ekstrak dan fraksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi dan dilusi pada sampel ektrak yang dimaserasi dengan etanol 96% kemudian dilanjutkan proses fraksinasi. Pengujian dengan metode difusi menggunakan konsentrasi 1%,5%,10%,15%,20% menggunakan kontrol positif ciprofloxacin 0.5% dan metode dilusi konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,12%, 1,56%, 0,78%, 0,39%, 0,195% dan 0,098%. Hasil pengujian aktifitas antibakteri menunjukan ekstrak, fraksi N-Heksan, Etil Asetat, dan Air memiliki daya hambat terhadap bakteri. Fraksi teraktif pada penelitian ini adalah fraksi Etil Asetat dengan daya hambat fraksi etil asetat pada konsentrasi 20% dengan rata– rata zona hambat sebesar 11,6 mm. Hasil uji dilusi Fraksi Etil Asetat dengan KBM pada konsentrasi 12.5%.
UJI DIURETIK INFUSA DAUN TEH HIJAU (Camellia sinensis L.,)PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR ( Rattus norvegicus )
Authors: Dewi Fadista Kurnia , Septiarini Anita Dwi , Mahardika Muladi Putra 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Green tea leaves are natural materials, contains flavonoids can increase the volume of urine, This study aims to determine the diuretic effect of ethanol extract of green tea leaves in male Swiss mice.
This study is an experimental post control group design using in male swiss mice were divided into 5 groups: group I negative control with CMC Na 0,5%, group II positive control with furosemide dose of 3,6mg/KgBB, and group III ethanol extract of green tea leaves dose of 250 mg/gBB, group IV ethanol extract of green tea leaves dose of 500 mg/gBB, group V ethanol extract of green tea leaves dose of 750 mg/gBB. Before treatment all mice were given warm water orally, then give it according to the group. Tests on the diuretic effect is done by measuring the urine volume, the measurements of to be conducted every 60 minutes for 6 hours. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23 with One-way ANOVA test and continue LSD.
Results of the average cumulative urine volume group I of 7,01 ml, group II of 12,98 ml, group III of 9, 13 ml, gruop IV of 12, 57 ml, and gruop V of 12, 81 ml . Furthermore, analysis of data using SPSS. LSD test results showed that the group V differ significantly with group II, ie with significant value 0,850 (p> 0.05). Based on the average volume and SPSS can be concluded that the ethanol extract of green tea leaves have a diuretic.

Keywords: Diuretics, Infusa Green Tea Leaves, Green Tea Leave
HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT TRADISIONAL FAMILI ZINGIBERICEAE TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SOSIODEMOGRAFI PADA MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN LEBAK
Authors: Rahmawati R , Mursyid Abdillah , Kholifah Eva 
Published: February 2023

Obat tradisional sebagai pengobatan yang turun temurun masih dilestarikan oleh penduduk desa maupun kota. Tanaman yang dihasilkan beraneka ragam manfaatnya tidak hanya dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan, masyarakat memanfaatkan untuk menunjang pembangunan kesehatan di setiap daerahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan jenis famili zingibericeae, penyakit yang ditangani dan melihat hubungan penggunaan obat tradisional famili zingibericeae dengan karakteristik sosiodemografi pada masyarakat di Kabupaten Lebak. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif menggunakan survei kuesioner, pada Februari-Maret 2022. Sampel penelitian masyarakat di Kabupaten Lebak diwakili 4 Kecamatan sebesar 100 responden yang pernah menggunakan Obat Tradisional Famili Zingibericeae, pengambilan data dengan metode purposive sample sesuai kriteria inklusi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa yang menggunakan obat tradisional famili zingibericeae adalah perempuan 62%, usia 46-65 tahun 54%, Pekerjaan Ibu rumah tangga 35% dan Pendidikan terakhir SD sebesar 44%, Jenis famili zingibericeae yang digunakan masyarakat ialah Jahe 36% dan kunyit 24% dengan keluhan penambah nafsu makan 30% dan batuk 24%. Terdapat hubungan antara cara penggunaan dengan pekerjaan nilai signifikansi 0,002 dan selain itu tidak ada hubungan antara faktor penggunaan dengan karakteristik Jenis kelamin, usia, pekerjaan dan pendidikan karena hasil signifikansi didapat >0,05 Kesimpulan yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil penelitian ialah masyarakat menggunakan obat tradisional famili zingibericeae untuk mengobati berbagai jenis keluhan atau penyakit ringan hingga berat.
Kata kunci: Penggunaan, Famili Zingibericeae, Kab.Lebak
PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID DAN UJI AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBAT ENZIM α-AMILASE EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI AKAR KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Wahyudi Dicky , Raharjo Danang , Wardani Tatiana Siska 
Published: February 2023

Diabetes Melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik dan ditandai dengan kenaikan kadar glukosa dalam darah. Salah satu strategi penting dalam menurunkan kadar gula dalam darah adalah dengan menghambat enzim yang menghidrolisis karbohidrat seperti α-amilase. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efek penghambatan ekstrak batang kersen terhadap aktivitas enzimα-amilase sebagai kandidat anti diabetes. Hasil fraksi dari ekstrak etanol batang kersen tersebut dievaluasi potensi penghambatannya terhadap enzimα-amilase dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri Uv-Vis serta menggunakan amilum sebagai substrat dan dihitung nilai IC50 nya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol, ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak n-heksan yang diuji memiliki tidak memiliki kemampuan menghambat aktivitas enzim α-amilase. Dari pengujian yang dilakukan diperoleh nilai IC50 ekstrak 686,861 µg/mL, n-heksan 39,794 µg/mL, etil 762,968 µg/mL dan air 422,169 µg/mL. Tingkat kekuatan inhibisi terhadap enzim α-amilase ialah sangat aktif jika IC50 ≤ 25 μg/mL, aktif jika 25 μg/mL < IC50 ≤ 50 μg/mL, kurang aktif jika 50 μg/mL < IC50 ≤ 100 μg/mL dan tidak aktif jika IC50 > 100 μg/mL. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa ekstrak etanol akar kersen (Muntingia calabura L) dikategorikan tidak aktif sebagai inhibitor enzim α-amilase.
Kata kunci: akar kersen, enzim, flavonoid, α-Amilase, fraksi
Colour Stability Of Bulk Fill Composites: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salim Algarni  
Published: February 2023

Background: The introduction of Bulk-Fill (BF) composite materials, among other new preparations, was one of the most recent innovations in operative dentistry. All bulk composites' colour stability is a source of concern. There has been a lot of research on the effects of different drinking solutions on the colour consistency of conventional resin-based composites, but little has been written about the colour changes of BF composite resins, which have been developed for the placement of somewhat thicker layers.
Aim: Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to assess the colour consistency of various bulk-filled composites.
Methods and Materials: A massive exploration of preexisting literature was done in order to locate all relevant research that addressed the sustainability of colour of BF composites under the effect of various. According to PRISMA standards, the current systematic evaluation was carried out. A thorough search for non-controversial existing literature on the websites like PubMed portal, MEDLINE portal, and Scopus portal was done in December 2022. There were no comparable articles in Cochrane online library. To make sure that all pertinent studies were found, search keywords were applied. Furthermore, all appropriate scientific papers from Jan 2010 to December 2022 on the effect of various beverages, polishing techniques, storage media, and oral fluids, bleaching protocols on the colour longevity of bulk-filled composite samples were included.
Results: 18 studies were evaluated in this systematic review. 9 studies focused on the effect of different drinks and beverages like tea, coffee, wine, and acidic beverages over the changes in the colour of bulk-filled composites. There were 4 studies that evaluated the impact of different polishing mechanisms. There were 2 researches that described the influence of different bleaching techniques over the change in colour of bulk-filled composites. One study discussed the effect of reinforcement of glass fibers and polythene fibers in bulk-filled composites, the presence of different dentin substitutes and water solubility and water sorption impact over the change in colour. The number of specimens evaluated ranged from n=20 to n=800 across all the included studies. There was the use of two to ten composite materials across all the included studies.
Conclusion: When there was an analysis of the effect of different beverages and drinks over the changes in colour then there were mixed results. Some studies found that colour changes in bulk-filled composites are lesser than in customary composites. While some studies revealed that alteration in colour is greater in bulk-filled composites when compared to customary composites. Some studies found no significant difference in colour change in conventional composite and bulk-filled composite. The polishing operations can have a serious influence on the staining impedance of bulk-fill composite resins.
PERCEPÇÃO DE TRABALHADORES DE FINANÇAS E DE TECNOLOGIA SOBRE A ADOÇÃO DO HOME OFFICE DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Eduardo Doná Araujo Caio , Pinheiro de Barros Neto João 
Published: February 2023

A pandemia do Coronavirus no ano de 2020, forçou diversos setores da economia a rever seus formatos de trabalho a fim de implantar o modelo de trabalho home office com urgência e procurando minimizar os impactos negativos gerado pelo regime de quarentena imposto pelos governos ao redor do mundo. Nesse cenário, o presente estudo, de natureza exploratória, teve como objetivo identificar os impactos no desempenho dos trabalhadores decorrentes da mudança repentina no modelo de trabalho, bem como os benefícios advindos com a adoção do home office na percepção de trabalhadores do mercado financeiro e de tecnologia residentes no município de São Paulo. Para tanto aplicou-se um survey, com questionário eletrônico. Observou-se que o modelo de trabalho remoto possui benefícios atraentes para as empresas, trabalhadores e toda a sociedade nos mais diversos campos, desde a redução de poluentes na atmosfera decorrente do menor volume de deslocamentos diários até o maior tempo disponível para os trabalhadores realizarem atividades ligadas ao lazer, saúde ou família segundo a percepção dos respondentes. Os dados foram tratados e analisados estatisticamente com auxílio do software Microsoft Excel®. Após a análise, concluiu-se que o trabalho remoto com a adoção do home office trouxe melhorias no desempenho do trabalhador gerando incremento de produtividade e redução de custos para a organização, na percepção dos respondentes. Considerando as limitações do estudo, devido à sua pequena amostra não estatística e restrita apenas a profissionais atuantes no mercado financeiro e de tecnologia, sugere-se mais estudos que possibilitem a generalização dos resultados.
SÍNTESE DO CORANTE 2-CARBOXI-INDOFENOL DISSÓDICO E VERIFICAÇÃO DE SUA PROPRIEDADE ANALÍTICA DE INDICADOR ÁCIDO-BASE
Authors: Dias Gonçalves de Oliveira Leandro José , Bastos Madeira Ana Júlia , Penna Matias Gabriel , Oliveira Gomes Karolayne Naiara , Rodrigues Lacerda Letícia 
Published: February 2023

Corantes são substâncias, quase sempre orgânicas, muito presentes em nossas vidas, e possuem a função de adicionar cor sem que o material de contato perca sua transparência, sendo largamente utilizados no campo industrial. O presente artigo versa sobre a replicação da síntese do corante 2-carboxi-indofenol dissódico através da condensação entre estruturas de fármacos, o Paracetamol e a Aspirina®, a qual foi conduzida por estudantes do ensino técnico de química de uma escola estadual do Médio-Piracicaba, MG. Contudo, foram propostas modificações ao processo de síntese e novos testes foram realizados para verificar a propriedade de indicador ácido-base do corante. Os resultados revelaram que o corante sintetizado possui propriedade analítica de sofrer protonação ou desprotonação dependendo do meio reacional, mudando de cor em meio ácido e retornando à sua cor original em meio alcalino. Porém, ele se mostrou pouco eficiente em soluções de ácidos diluídos. Observou-se, também, que ele se desestabiliza com facilidade e, por ser sintetizado em meio alcalino concentrado, estima-se que sua interação com outras soluções possa interferir em resultados de análises volumétricas, por exemplo, não sendo viável sua utilização em titulações. Contudo, novos estudos são necessários para melhor concluir sobre a viabilidade de sua utilização em análises quantitativas. A síntese realizada é importante, considerando que pode contribuir para elucidar dúvidas quanto à aplicação do corante produzido e oportunizar estudos promissores em síntese orgânica e química analítica a partir de princípios ativos farmacológicos.
Materializing the East in Early Modern English Drama
Authors: Love Genevieve , Arshad Yasmin , Wagoner Michael M. , Gilchrist Kim 
Published: February 2023

Despite the popularity of plays about the East, the representation of the East in early modern drama has been either overlooked, marginalized as footnotes, or generalized into taken-for-granted stereotypes. Materializing the East in Early Modern English Drama focuses on the multi-layered, often conflicting and changing perceptions of the East and how dramatic works made use of their respective theatrical space to represent the concept of the East in drama.
This volume re-examines the (mis)representation of the East on the early modern English outdoor and indoor stage and broadens our understanding of early modern theatrical productions beyond Shakespeare and the European continent. It traces the origin of conventional depictions of the East to university dramas and explores how they influenced the commercial stage. Chapters uncover how conflicting representations of the East were communicated on stage through the material aspects of stage architecture, costumes and performance effects.
The collection emphasizes these material aspects of dramatic performances and showcases neglected plays, including George Peele’s The Battle of Alcazar, Robert Greene’s The Historie of Orlando Furioso and Joseph Simons’ Leo the Armenian, and puts them in conversation with William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, John Fletcher’s The Island Princess and Philip Massinger and Fletcher’s The Sea Voyage.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN SERANGAN HYDRA, MEDUSA DAN NCRACK PADA PASSWORD ATTACK
Authors: Dewa Made Julijati Putra  , I Nyoman Namo Yoga Anantra  , Putu Adhitya kusuma  , Putu Damar Jagat Pratama  , Gede Arna Jude Saskara  , I Made Edy Listartha  
Published: February 2023

Aspek penting dari suatu perangkat komputer adalah sebuah keamanan sistem tersebut, keamanan ini dibuat untuk melindungi data yang ada di dalam untuk tidak mudah dicuri orang lain. Sistem keamanan yang yang dimiliki perangkat komputer harus dikembangkan agar data – data tetap aman dari serangan. Beberapa jenis serangan password yang biasanya ditargetkan kepada password adalah brute-force attack, dictionary attack, attack hybrid. Dalam penelitian akan berfokus terhadap serangan brute-force attack, serang brute- force terdiri dari penyerangan yang mengirimkan banyak kata sandi atau frasa sandi dengan harapan dapat menebak dengan benar. Penyerangan secara sistematis memeriksa semua kemungkinan kata sandi dan frasa sandi sampai yang benar ditemukan. Atau penyerangan dapat mencoba menebak kunci yang biasanya dibuat dari kata sandi menggunakan fungsi derivasi kunci. Ini dikenal sebagai pencarian kunci lengkap. Untuk mempermudah pengoperasian serangan brute-force attack akan menggunakan sistem operasi kali linux. Dalam penelitian ini kita akan menggunakan password yang telah didapatkan dan disimpan pada file.txt, tools yang akan digunakan dalam melakukan serangan adalah Hydra, Medusa, Ncrack.
ANALISIS PENCARIAN DATA SMARTPHONE MENGGUNAKAN NIST UNTUK PENYELIDIKAN DIGITAL FORENSIK
Authors: Riya Majalista  , Tata Sutabri  
Published: February 2023

Studi ini didasarkan pada banyaknya kejahatan yang terjadi di dunia maya. Studi ini mengkaji data smartphone apa saja yang biasa diambil oleh tindak kejahatan dunia maya. Penerapan perkembangan digital pada ilmu forensik , mendukung penyelesaian beberapa kasus yang terjadi pada tindak kejahatan dunia maya. Penyelesaian kasus cybercrime biasanya menggunakan sistem informsasi forensic.National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) merupakan salah satu metode sistem informasi forensik. Metode forensik digital ini bekerja dengan cara menimbang informasi yang digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan kasus kejahatan dunia maya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis informasi agar dapat digunakan sebagai dasar ilmu forensic dalam membantu penyelesaian kasus kejahatan dunia maya.
Kata Kunci : NIST, digital forensik, cybercrime