bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Workforce Needed to Address Population Health
Authors: FROGNER BIANCA K. , PATTERSON DAVIS G. , SKILLMAN SUSAN M. 
Published: April 2023

Policy Points
Although a single definition of the population health workforce does not yet exist, this workforce needs to have the skills and competencies to address the social determinants of health, to understand intersectionality, and to coordinate and work in concert with an array of skilled providers in social and health care to address multiple health drivers.
On‐the‐job training programs and employer support are needed for the current health workforce to gain skills and competencies to address population health.
Funding and leadership combined are critical for developing the population health workforce with the goal of supporting a broad set of workers beyond health and social care to include, for example, those in urban planning, law enforcement, or transportation professions to address population health.
The Black‐White Disparity in Preterm Birth: Race or Racism?
Authors: BRAVEMAN PAULA 
Published: April 2023

Policy PointsRacism is an upstream determinant of health that influences health through many midstream and downstream factors. This Perspective traces multiple plausible causal pathways from racism to preterm birth.Although the article focuses on the Black‐White disparity in preterm birth, a key population health indicator, it has implications for many other health outcomes.It is erroneous to assume by default that underlying biological differences explain racial disparities in health. Appropriate science‐based policies are needed to address racial disparities in health; this will require addressing racism.
The Future of Social Determinants of Health: Looking Upstream to Structural Drivers
Authors: BROWN TYSON H. , HOMAN PATRICIA 
Published: April 2023

Policy Points
Policies that redress oppressive social, economic, and political conditions are essential for improving population health and achieving health equity. Efforts to remedy structural oppression and its deleterious effects should account for its multilevel, multifaceted, interconnected, systemic, and intersectional nature.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services should facilitate the creation and maintenance of a national publicly available, user‐friendly data infrastructure on contextual measures of structural oppression.
Publicly funded research on social determinants of health should be mandated to (a) analyze health inequities in relation to relevant data on structural conditions and (b) deposit the data in the publicly available data repository.
A mixed‐method study to inform the development and implementation of eHealth in a bariatric surgery service in an Australian public hospital
Authors: Wright Charlene , Kelly Jaimon T. , Campbell Katrina L. , Healy Rebecca , Musial Jane , Hamilton Kyra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore patient barriers to accessing services, current technology ownership/use and digital device preferences for accessing health information/health service delivery. Additionally, it aimed to explore the Theoretical Domains Framework and the acceptability of future eHealth solutions in bariatric surgery.MethodsThis mixed‐method study (survey and semi‐structured interviews) was conducted in a bariatric surgery service in an Australian public hospital. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and the qualitative data were deductively and inductively analysed.ResultsThis study included 117 participants (n = 102 surveyed and n = 15 interviewed). Most participants were aged ≥51 years (n = 70, 60%), and two‐thirds were female (n = 76, 65%). One in three participants reported barriers to accessing services (n = 38, 37%), including parking, travel time, and taking time off work. Most participants preferred to receive or access additional health information via email (n = 84, 82%) and were willing to engage with health professionals via email (n = 92, 90%), text messages (n = 87, 85%), and telephone (n = 85, 83%). Deductive analysis of interviews generated three themes: ‘Knowledge’, ‘Social influence’ and ‘Behavioural regulation, goals and environmental resources’. The inductive analysis generated one theme: ‘Seeing a place for eHealth in service delivery’.ConclusionThis study's findings can potentially influence the development of future eHealth solutions. Text message, email, and online approaches may be suitable for delivering further information and resources to patients, particularly regarding diet and physical activity. Online health communities are being used by patients for social support and may be worth further investigation. In addition, developing a bariatric surgery mobile application may be beneficial.
Correlations between pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes and anticancer treatment efficacy in stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer: A large real‐world cohort and review of the literature
Authors: Averbuch Itamar , Tschernichovsky Roi , Icht Oded , Goldstein Daniel A. , Mutai Raz , Dudnik Elizabeth , Rotem Ofer , Peled Nir , Allen Aaron M. , Laufer‐Geva Smadar , Goldberg Yael , Zer Alona 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMutations in genes involved in DNA damage repair (DDR), a hallmark of cancer, are associated with increased cancer cell sensitivity to certain therapies. This study sought to evaluate the association of DDR pathogenic variants with treatment efficacy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsA retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC attending a tertiary medical center who underwent next‐generation sequencing in 01/2015‐8/2020 were clustered according to DDR gene status and compared for overall response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS) (patients receiving systemic therapy), local PFS (patients receiving definitive radiotherapy), and overall survival (OS) using log‐rank and Cox regression analyses.ResultsOf 225 patients with a clear tumor status, 42 had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic DDR variant (pDDR), and 183 had no DDR variant (wtDDR). Overall survival was similar in the two groups (24.2 vs. 23.1 months, p = 0.63). The pDDR group had a higher median local PFS after radiotherapy (median 45 months vs. 9.9 months, respectively; p = 0.044), a higher ORR (88.9% vs. 36.2%, p = 0.04), and a longer median PFS (not reached vs. 6.0 months, p = 0.01) in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. There was no difference in ORR, median PFS, and median OS in patients treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy.ConclusionOur retrospective data suggest that in patients with stage 4 NSCLC, pathogenic variants in DDR pathway genes may be associated with higher efficacy of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This should be further explored prospectively.
Alcohol, place conditioning, and male rats: A systematic review of outcome prediction
Authors: Marques Douglas , Boll Piter Kehoma , Gomez Rosane , Dallegrave Eliane , Lemos José Inácio , Bainy‐Leal Mirna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough Place Conditioning (PC) has been used to study the motivational effects of alcohol for almost 50 years, variables and situations in which alcohol induces PC in rats are still unclear, especially for short PC protocols (up to 10 conditioning trials). The aim of this systematic review was to predict primary outcomes (namely, conditioning failure, conditioned place aversion (CPA), and conditioned place preference (CPP)) of alcohol‐induced PC with male outbred rats. We sought relevant records in PUBMED and two other sources. Two reviewers independently assessed records for eligible articles (those meeting all inclusion criteria), selected alcohol‐induced PC experiments (those meeting no exclusion criteria) from eligible articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. We then conducted a predictive analysis of outcomes by examining procedure‐outcome relations according to variables known to affect associative learning, alcohol interventions in rats, and PC interventions themselves. We selected 192 experiments (133 short protocols, 27 long protocols, and 32 protocols with alcohol pre‐exposure) from 62 articles to compose the review. Rates of conditioning failure are mainly predicted by interactions of alcohol dose and the number of habituation sessions and conditioning trials. Different conditions (housing systems) and characteristics (age and weight) of animals predict CPA and CPP: higher rates of CPA are predicted by single‐housed, older, and heavier animals, while higher rates of CPP are predicted by group‐housed, younger, and lighter animals. We recommend settings for CPP induction in short protocols, discuss the broad theoretical and translational consequences of the predictive analysis for the use of PC in alcohol research, and specify variables needing more careful investigation. This review could improve our understanding of the results of alcohol‐induced PC with rats, refine our understanding of the motivational function of alcohol and alcohol‐seeking behavior triggered by environmental contexts, and open new avenues of research on their neurobiological basis.
Macroscopic and microscopic comparison of pecten oculi in different avian species
Authors: Korkmaz Deniz , Demircioglu Ismail , Harem Ismail Sah , Yilmaz Bestami 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current study aims to present differences between the pecten oculi of different avian species through morphologic, macroscopic, light, and electron microscopic examinations. The study is a comprehensive research on seven avian species (sparrowhawk, hawk, magpie, swan, heron, pheasant, duck). The right eyes of the animals utilized in the study were removed for light microscopic examination, whereas their left eyes were removed for electron microscopic and macroscopic examinations. Morphometric analyses, as well as stereo and light microscopic measurements, were carried out on the pecten oculi of the animals. Given all these data, it was determined that the height of the pecten oculi did not differ among the species in the study; however, the pecten oculi were larger in birds with the highest value compared to the other species in the macroscopic measurements. Also, the pecten oculi vessels were larger, and the number of melanocytes was higher in keen eyesight, raptor, and migratory birds with large bulbus oculi. All these data suggest that the pecten oculi not only supplies nutrient to the retina but also contributes to sharp vision during migration and hunting, UV absorption from sunlight, as well as preservation of intraocular equilibrium.
Macroscopic and histological aspects of the pharynx and larynx of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactylaLinnaeus, 1758)
Authors: de Oliveira Evelyn , Nascente Eduardo de Paula , Oliveira Leiny Paula , Neto Jair Martins Santiago , de Lima Bruna Siqueira Gomes , Cardoso Júlio Roquete , de Moura Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGiant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is an endangered species that resides in much of Latin America, but it has been losing its habitat, especially in the Cerrado biome, where it constantly suffers traumas resulting from fires and roadkill. The anatomical knowledge of structures of the respiratory system is important for a better morphophysiological understanding of the species. Thus, this study aimed to perform the macroscopic and histomorphological description of the pharynx and larynx of the giant anteater. Twelve adult giant anteaters were used, three of them fixed in buffered formalin for further dissection and pharynx and larynx macroscopic analysis of structures. From the other animals, samples of the pharynx and larynx were collected and prepared for histological evaluation under optical microscope. Macroscopically, their pharynx and soft palate are extensive, and the anatomical location of these structures and the larynx differs greatly from that described in other species. The larynx, although more caudal, was similar to that of other animals. Histologically, the epithelium of these regions varied between the pseudostratified ciliated columnar and the non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Laryngeal cartilages were composed of elastic (epiglotti) and hyaline cartilages (arytenoid, cricoid and thyroid cartilage), with an ossification process and glandular clusters around the hyaline cartilage. The distinct anatomical location of the pharynx and larynx of Myrmecophaga tridactyla is the main macroscopic finding of this study, besides the length of the pharynx and soft palate of these animals.
Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary for 2014 FIGO stage IC adult granulosa cell tumor?: Multicentric Turkish study
Authors: Erdogan Ozgur , Kilic Cigdem , Cakir Caner , Kilic Fatih , Oktar Okan , Ersak Burak , Sahin Mustafa , Tokalioglu Alp , Kocak Ozgur , Ozturk Cagatayhan , Gorgulu Goksen , Gokkaya Mustafa , Selcuk Ilker , Korkmaz Vakkas , Comert Gunsu Kimyon , Toptas Tayfun , Ureyen Isin , Ucar Gokhan , Taskin Salih , Tasci Tolga , Uncu Dogan , Narin Mehmet Ali , Boran Nurettin , Ozdal Bulent , Tekin Ozlem Moraloglu , Ustun Yaprak , Sancı Muzaffer , Ortac Firat , Turan Taner 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of our study is to examine the clinical, surgical, and pathological factors of stage 1C adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) patients and to investigate the effects of adjuvant therapy on recurrence and survival rates in this patient group.MethodsOut of a total of 415 AGCT patients treated by 10 tertiary oncology centers participating in the study, 63 (15.2%) patients with 2014 FIGO stage IC constituted the study group. The FIGO 2014 system was used for staging. Patient group who received adjuvant chemotherapy was compared with patient group who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of disease‐free survival (DFS), and disease‐specific survival.ResultsThe 5‐year DFS of the study cohort was 89%, and the 10‐year DFS was 85%. Those who received adjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not were similar in terms of clinical, surgical and pathological factors, except for peritoneal cytology. In the univariate analysis, none of the clinical, surgical or pathological factors were significant for DFS. Adjuvant chemotherapy and type of treatment protocol had no impact on DFS.ConclusionAdjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved DFS and overall survival in stage IC AGCT. Multicentric and randomized controlled studies are needed for early stage AGCT in order to confirm these results and reach accurate conclusions.
Follicular helper T lymphocytes in the endometria of patients with reproductive failure: Association with pregnancy outcomes and inflammatory status of the endometria
Authors: Tian Ye , Zeng Qunxiong , Cheng Yanfei , Wang Xiao‐Hui , Cao Dandan , Yeung William Shu‐Biu , Liu Qingzhi , Duan Yong‐Gang , Yao Yuan‐Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProblemThe phenotypes and functions of B and CD4+ T‐helper cell subsets during chronic inflammation of the endometria remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and functions of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells to understand the pathological mechanisms of chronic endometritis (CE).Method of studyEighty patients who underwent hysteroscopic and histopathological examinations for CE were divided into three groups—those with positive results for hysteroscopy and CD138 staining (DP), negative results for hysteroscopy but positive CD138 staining (SP), and negative results for hysteroscopy and CD138 staining (DN). The phenotypes of B cells and CD4+ T‐cell subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry.ResultsCD38+ and CD138+ cells were mainly expressed in the non‐leukocyte population of the endometria, and the endometrial CD19+CD138+ B cells were fewer than the CD3+CD138+ T cells. The percentage of Tfh cells increased with chronic inflammation in the endometria. Additionally, the elevated percentage of Tfh cells correlated with the number of miscarriages.ConclusionsCD4+ T cells, particularly Tfh cells, may be critical in chronic endometrial inflammation and affect its microenvironment, thereby regulating endometrial receptivity, compared to B cells.
Are hippos Africa's most influential megaherbivore? A review of ecosystem engineering by the semi‐aquatic common hippopotamus
Authors: Voysey Michael D. , de Bruyn P. J. Nico , Davies Andrew B. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTMegaherbivores perform vital ecosystem engineering roles, and have their last remaining stronghold in Africa. Of Africa's remaining megaherbivores, the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) has received the least scientific and conservation attention, despite how influential their ecosystem engineering activities appear to be. Given the potentially crucial ecosystem engineering influence of hippos, as well as mounting conservation concerns threatening their long‐term persistence, a review of the evidence for hippos being ecosystem engineers, and the effects of their engineering, is both timely and necessary. In this review, we assess, (i) aspects of hippo biology that underlie their unique ecosystem engineering potential; (ii) evaluate hippo ecological impacts in terrestrial and aquatic environments; (iii) compare the ecosystem engineering influence of hippos to other extant African megaherbivores; (iv) evaluate factors most critical to hippo conservation and ecosystem engineering; and (v) highlight future research directions and challenges that may yield new insights into the ecological role of hippos, and of megaherbivores more broadly. We find that a variety of key life‐history traits determine the hippo's unique influence, including their semi‐aquatic lifestyle, large body size, specialised gut anatomy, muzzle structure, small and partially webbed feet, and highly gregarious nature. On land, hippos create grazing lawns that contain distinct plant communities and alter fire spatial extent, which shapes woody plant demographics and might assist in maintaining fire‐sensitive riverine vegetation. In water, hippos deposit nutrient‐rich dung, stimulating aquatic food chains and altering water chemistry and quality, impacting a host of different organisms. Hippo trampling and wallowing alters geomorphological processes, widening riverbanks, creating new river channels, and forming gullies along well‐utilised hippo paths. Taken together, we propose that these myriad impacts combine to make hippos Africa's most influential megaherbivore, specifically because of the high diversity and intensity of their ecological impacts compared with other megaherbivores, and because of their unique capacity to transfer nutrients across ecosystem boundaries, enriching both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Nonetheless, water pollution and extraction for agriculture and industry, erratic rainfall patterns and human–hippo conflict, threaten hippo ecosystem engineering and persistence. Therefore, we encourage greater consideration of the unique role of hippos as ecosystem engineers when considering the functional importance of megafauna in African ecosystems, and increased attention to declining hippo habitat and populations, which if unchecked could change the way in which many African ecosystems function.
Impact of thyroid autoimmunity on pregnancy outcomes in euthyroid women following fresh/frozen‐thawed embryo transfer
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Qiu Shumin , Jiang Wenwen , Huang Zhiqing , Shi Hang , Du Shengrong , Sun Yan , Zheng Beihong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) is associated with assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in euthyroid women undergoing fresh embryo transfer (ET) and frozen‐thawed embryo transfer (FET).DesignA retrospective cohort study. Pregnancy and neonatal outcome after fresh ET or FET were compared between the positive and negative thyroid autoimmune antibody groups.PatientsA total of 5439 euthyroid women who started their ART cycle at our centre between 2015 and 2019 were included.ResultsThe thyroid antibody positive group had a greater mean age than the thyroid antibody negative group (32(29,35) vs. 31(28,34), p < .001). Women with positive thyroid antibody presented with a higher prevalence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) (9.1% vs. 7.1%, p = .026) and lower number of oocyte retrieved (9(5,15) vs. 10(6,15), p = .020), but difference was not significant after adjusting for age. The pregnancy rate, live birth rate, pregnancy loss rate, preterm delivery rate and low birthweight rate between the thyroid antibody positive and thyroid antibody negative groups were comparable both in fresh ET cycles and FET cycles. Subanalysis of the treatment outcomes when using a stricter threshold of TSH of 2.5 mIU/L showed no difference to that achieved when using an upper limit of 4.78 mIU/L.ConclusionsThe present study reveals that patients with anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) and/or antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) showed no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes following fresh ET and FET when compared with patients with negative thyroid antibodies.
Genetic risk for Huntington Disease and reproductive decision‐making: A systematic review
Authors: Fahy Neil , Rice Charlotte , Lahiri Nayana , Desai Roopal , Stott Joshua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuntington Disease (HD) is an incurable autosomal dominant single gene neurodegenerative disorder. Typical onset is between 30 and 40 years and characterised by motor difficulties, cognitive impairment, and behavioural and personality changes. The availability of reproductive testing means that affected and at‐risk individuals can make reproductive decisions with genetic risk in mind. We aimed to summarise the literature on reproductive decision‐making in the context of HD risk in terms of outcomes and the subjective experiences of at‐risk individuals. Five databases were searched. Findings were synthesised using Framework analysis to identify common factors across results of quantitative and qualitative studies. Twenty five studies met inclusion criteria. Framework analysis identified the following key areas: ‘The relationship between reproductive intentions and HD genetic risk’, ‘Views on assistive options’, ‘Complexity and challenges in reproductive decision‐making’, ‘Actual reproductive outcomes’, and ‘Other factors influencing reproductive decision‐making’. Quality of included studies was mixed. Reproductive decision making in the context of HD risk was found to be a complex and emotionally challenging process. Further research is required into reproductive decision‐making and outcomes among those not utilising assistive options, and in developing a model of reproductive decision‐making in HD.