bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immunosuppression effects of deforolimus (ridaforolimus, AP23573) on allograft organ transplantation
Authors: Wang Lumin , Li Yanping , Yang Dawei , Fu Jiazhao , Zhao Bin , Li Yaguang , Ye Yanrong , Qi Zhongquan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectsWe conducted this study to confirm the immunosuppression effect of Deforolimus in heart allotransplantation and find its mechanism.Material and methodsWe used vitro methods to confirm the immunosuppression of Deforolimus in T cell subgroups. Then, we conducted heart allotransplantation from BALB/c donors to C57BL/6 recipients with the oral administration of Deforolimus or blank solvent to contrast the immunosuppression effect in vivo. We used the flow cytometry（）, clone anergy test, ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay), apoptosis test, and lymphocyte translation (LT) to find the mechanism of Deforolimus’ immunosuppressive action.ResultsStudies in vitro demonstrated that Deforolimus had immunosuppressive action. Studies in vivo demonstrated that Deforolimus could inhibit the immune system of the heart allotransplantation recipients to extend the recipients’ life. The mechanisms of Deforolimus’ immunosuppressive action included induction of Tregs (regulatory T cells), induction of T cells anergy, and decreasing proportion of T cells in spleens and lymph nodes.ConclusionDeforolimus suppressed the immunological rejection of mouse cardiac allotransplantation which laid the foundation of Deforolimus applying to solid organ allotransplantation.
Identification of aroma‐active components from cultivated agarwood ‘Qi‐Nan’ based on GC‐O‐MS combined with aroma extract dilution analysis
Authors: Yu Zhen , Dong Wenhua , Wang Yali , Li Wei , Guo Zhiyong , Mei Wenli , Dai Haofu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAgarwood ‘Qi‐Nan’ is commonly regarded as the highest quality agarwood, and has been highly valued for its fragrance. With the increasing amount of cultivated agarwood ‘Qi‐Nan’ in recent years, evaluation of the aroma compounds was drawn attention. Therefore, the volatile compounds in three cultivated ‘Qi‐Nan’ agarwood samples were extracted by simultaneous distillation‐extraction (SDE) and analysed by GC‐O‐MS, combined with aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). A total of 70 volatile compounds were identified from three samples, in which sesquiterpenes and aromatics were characterized as key aroma‐active components. Nine compounds were considered as common aroma‐active volatiles in these three essential oils according to their flavour dilution (FD) activity and relative flavour activity (RFA) value, and among them, dihydro‐β‐agarofuran and 4‐methoxy‐benzaldehyde were the most important aroma‐active compounds. Additionally, three ‘Qi‐Nan’ agarwood samples showed different aroma specificity. TD agarwood was characterized by sweet sandalwood odour due to the dominant aroma‐active compound of β‐Santalol. WS agarwood was distinguished by its woody odour because α‐kessyl acetate was its primary aroma. HQ agarwood was featured by woody, spicy and balsamic odour on account of its main aroma compounds of agarospirol and β‐elemene.
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus from yak
Authors: Zhao Yanying , Huang Qian , Bai Fenglan , Luo Mengyou , Tang Junni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is an important zoonotic pathogen which not only causes significant economic loss in livestock production but also emerges as a potential threat to public health. Compared with bovines, the information on the colonization of S. aureus and MRSA in yaks, the only bovine species providing meat and other necessities for Tibetans living at high altitude, is very limited. Therefore, in the current study, S. aureus and MRSA prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiotic and antiseptic resistance properties in yaks from 18 counties of Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan province, China were investigated. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of S. aureus during yak breeding was 7.10% among 1281 samples (91/1281), containing 9.44% from nasal (62/657) and 4.65% from anus (29/624). Nearly all of the S. aureus isolates carried at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) gene and the predominant enterotoxin gene was selx (51.65%). In addition, virulence genes (hlα, hlβ, pvl, and tsst‐1), antiseptic resistance genes (qacA/B, qacC, and qacG), and heavy metal resistance genes (copA, arsB, cadD, and arsA) were also found. Furthermore, 24 MRSA strains were identified. SCCmec, spa, and multilocus sequence typing typing revealed that the predominant types of MRSA were ST59‐IVa‐t437 and ST59‐III‐t437. It was noteworthy that all these methicillin‐resistant strains were resistant to two or more antibiotics and possessed virulence genes. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of antiseptic peroxyacetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium bromide against these MRSA strains were measured and the MIC values of benzalkonium bromide (1.22–9.77 μg/mL) were relatively low. Furthermore, the challenge with 1/4 MIC of oxacillin sodium or ofloxacin or benzalkonium bromide for 216 h increased the resistance of the MRSA strain YB786 to these antibiotics but decreased the MIC value of benzalkonium bromide. The results provide an indication of the health risks associated with these S. aureus strains, especially methicillin‐resistant strains from yaks and new approaches are needed to treat these strains.
Effect of pH on the optimization of cysteine‐functionalized gold core‐silver shell nanoparticles for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐based pesticide detection on apple peels
Authors: Dayalan Sandhiya , Sudewi Sri , Zulfajri Muhammad , Kao Chai‐Lin , Huang Genin Gary 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid detection and efficient properties of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) have been widely exploited in food safety.PurposeIn this study, the SERS impact of cysteine‐functionalized gold core‐silver shell bimetallic nanoparticle (Au@Ag@CysNPs) substrates with different pH treatments on pesticide compounds was examined.ResultsThe pH‐dependent SERS impact of Au@Ag@CysNPs on detecting pesticide compounds exhibited different enhancements over the pH range of 2–11 and exited the highest enhancement at a pH of 5 for thiabendazole and thiram pesticides. The prepared Au@Ag@CysNPs were further utilized in SERS‐based rapid detection of pesticides on apple peels by directly dropping Au@Ag@CysNPs on the surface of the samples, where the target molecules could be identified without elution or extraction. These findings revealed that this Au@Ag@CysNPs substrate exhibited excellent SERS performances for pesticide compounds and good stability. With additional optimization, detection limits of 0.1 ng/cm2 for thiabendazole and thiram on apple peels were obtained.
Using Nitroxides to Enhance Carbon Fiber Interfacial Adhesion and as an Anchor for “Graft to” Surface Modification Strategies
Authors: Eyckens Daniel J. , Adcock Jacqui L. , Blinco James P. , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Harris Jessica , Vuković Filip , He Siyuan , Dharmasiri Bhagya , Walsh Tiffany R. , Francis Paul S. , Hendlmeier Andreas , Henderson Luke C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNitroxide groups covalently grafted to carbon fibers are used as anchoring sites for TEMPO‐terminated polymers (poly‐n‐butylacrylate and polystyrene) in a “graft to” surface modification strategy. All surface‐modified fibers are evaluated for their physical properties, showing that several treatments have enhanced the tensile strength and Young's modulus compared to the control fibers. Up to an 18% increase in tensile strength and 12% in Young's modulus are observed. Similarly, the evaluation of interfacial shear strength in an epoxy polymer shows improvements of up to 144% relative to the control sample. Interestingly, the polymer‐grafted surfaces show smaller increases in interfacial shear strength compared to surfaces modified with a small molecule only. This counterintuitive result is attributed to the incompatibility, both chemical and physical, of the grafted polymers to the surrounding epoxy matrix. Molecular dynamics simulations of the interface suggest that the diminished increase in mechanical shear strength observed for the polymer grafted surfaces may be due to the lack of exposed chain ends, whereas the small molecule grafted interface exclusively presents chain ends to the resin interface, resulting in good improvements in mechanical properties.
Serum potassium response to single‐dose sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients
Authors: Lewis Haley , Stamper Benton , Yungkurth Alyssa Claudio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of single‐dose sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) compared to the FDA approved three times daily (TID) dosing and to single‐dose sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) for the management of asymptomatic hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients.DesignSingle‐center retrospective chart review.SettingUniversity of Florida Health Jacksonville, a 695‐bed academic medical center in Jacksonville, FL, between June 15, 2018 and August 15, 2021.PatientsThree hundred fifty‐one adult patients who were admitted to any hospital unit in the specified timeframe and received one of three interventions for asymptomatic hyperkalemia (serum potassium ≥4.7 mmol/L) were included in this study.InterventionThe interventions compared were single‐dose SZC 10 g, SZC 10 g × 3 doses (30 g total) within 24 h, or SPS 15–30 g once.Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving normokalemia (K+ 3.3–4.6 mmol/L) within 12–30 h of the first study dose. Secondary outcomes included average change in potassium within 12–30 h and 3–54 h from the first dose. The primary outcome was met in 68 patients (58.1%) in the SZC 10 g group, 51 (43.6%) in the SZC 10 g × 3 doses group, and 81 (69.2%) in the SPS 15–30 g group (p < 0.01). The average reduction in potassium in 12–30 h was 0.70 mmol/L, 0.78 mmol/L, and 0.99 mmol/L in the SZC 10 g, SZC 10 g × 3 doses, and SPS 15–30 g groups, respectively (p < 0.01).ConclusionsSZC 10 g once resulted in more patients achieving normokalemia compared to SZC 10 g × 3 doses but less than SPS (p < 0.01). Single‐dose SZC may be a reasonable option to manage asymptomatic hyperkalemia in the hospital setting, but achieving normokalemia with one dose may be less likely in patients with higher baseline potassium concentrations and impaired renal function.
Comprehensive review of MS‐based studies on N‐glycoproteome and N‐glycome of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Jun , Chen Weiyu , Lu Haojie , Zhang Ying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer‐enclosed particles that can be released by all type of cells. Whereas, as one of the most common post‐translational modifications, glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions of EVs, such as EV biogenesis, sorting, and cellular recognition. Nevertheless, compared with studies on RNAs or proteins, those investigating the glycoconjugates of EVs are limited. An in‐depth investigation of N‐glycosylation of EVs can improve the understanding of the biological functions of EVs and help to exploit EVs from different perspectives. The general focus of studies on glycosylation of EVs primarily includes isolation and characterization of EVs, preparation of glycoproteome/glycome samples and MS analysis. However, the low content of EVs and non‐standard separation methods for downstream analysis are the main limitations of these studies. In this review, we highlight the importance of glycopeptide/glycan enrichment and derivatization owing to the low abundance of glycoproteins and the low ionization efficiency of glycans. Diverse fragmentation patterns and professional analytical software are indispensable for analysing glycosylation via MS. Altogether, this review summarises recent studies on glycosylation of EVs, revealing the role of EVs in disease progression and their remarkable potential as biomarkers.
Differentiator‐based bearing‐only formation control of quadrotors
Authors: Lin Qiong , Miao Zhiqiang , Wang Yaonan , Wu Zheng‐Guang , He Wei , Fierro Rafael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the leader‐follower formation control problem for a group of quadrotors using only relative bearing measurements. Most existing methods require full position or velocity information, which cis challenging to obtain in harsh environments. In contrast, the proposed control scheme is based on a hierarchical system that does not rely on relative position or velocity measurements. The bearing‐only control law is designed to stabilize the desired formation, and each quadrotor maintains predetermined bearings with its neighbors. The control design relies on a non‐singular extraction algorithm for separate design of translation and rotation control. The outer loop of the control scheme utilizes a filter‐like approach to overcome the lack of bearing rate measurements in the bearing‐only formation controller. Moreover, employing differentiators following the separation principle with properties of asymptotic high accuracy, a uniform differentiator is provided for each following quadrotor to overcome the absence of linear velocity and acceleration feedback in the inner‐loop controller. Ultimately, the efficacy of the proposed control strategy is validated through a combination of Lyapunov stability theory and extensive numerical simulations.
Error estimates of piezoelectric Signorini's contact problems
Authors: El Khalfi Hamid , Baiz Othmane , Benaissa Hicham 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with a study the linear finite element approximation of a piezoelectric Signorini's contact problem with and without friction. We derive error estimates that depend on the penalty parameter ε and the mesh size h. Moreover, under some regularities of the solution to the contact problems and some requirements on parameters ε and h, we provide results on the convergence rate of the finite element approximation of the penalized solution.
Biotechnological development of Trichoderma-based formulations for biological control
Authors: Martinez Yolanda , Ribera Javier , Schwarze Francis W. M. R. , De France Kevin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are a genus of well-known fungi that promote healthy growth and modulate different functions in plants, as well as protect against various plant pathogens. The application of Trichoderma and its propagules as a biological control method can therefore help to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture. This review critically discusses and analyzes groundbreaking innovations over the past few decades of biotechnological approaches to prepare active formulations containing Trichoderma. The use of various carrier substances is covered, emphasizing their effects on enhancing the shelf life, viability, and efficacy of the final product formulation. Furthermore, the use of processing techniques such as freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, and spray drying are highlighted, enabling the development of stable, light-weight formulations. Finally, promising microencapsulation techniques for maximizing the performance of Trichoderma spp. during application processes are discussed, leading to the next-generation of multi-functional biological control formulations.

Key points
• The development of carrier substances to encapsulate Trichoderma propagules is highlighted.
• Advances in biotechnological processes to prepare Trichoderma-containing formulations are critically discussed.
• Current challenges and future outlook of Trichoderma-based formulations in the context of biological control are presented.
Evaluation of fracture behavior in short fiber–reinforced direct and indirect overlay restorations
Authors: Garoushi S. , Akbaşak-Sungur A. Ö. , Erkut S. , Vallittu P. K. , Uctasli S. , Lassila L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim was to assess how incorporating a short-fiber composite (SFC) core would affect the fracture behavior of direct and indirect overlays. Furthermore, to examine the relationship between the thickness ratio of SFC core to particulate-filled composite (PFC) veneering and the fracture-behavior of bilayered-structured restorations.

Materials and methods
A total of 120 molars were used to create MOD cavities, with palatal cusps removed. Four different groups of direct overlays were then made (n = 15/group), all of which featured a SFC core (everX Flow) with varying thicknesses (0, 1, 4, and 5 mm), as well as a surface layer of PFC (G-aenial Posterior), with the overall thickness of the bilayered-structured restoration set at 5 mm. Additionally, four groups of CAD/CAM restorations were created (Cerasmart 270 and Initial LiSi Block), with or without 2 mm of SFC core reinforcement. Following the fabrication of these restorations, cyclic fatigue aging was carried out for a total of 500,000 cycles, with an applied maximum load (Fmax) of 150 N. Subsequently, each restoration underwent quasi-static loading until fracture. The fracture mode was subsequently evaluated using optical microscopy and SEM.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) observed in the fracture resistance of indirect overlays reinforced with a 2-mm SFC core compared to those made solely from restorative materials. Direct overlays constructed using plain SFC or with a 4-mm layer thickness of SFC core exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance values (2674 ± 465 and 2537 ± 561 N) (p < 0.05) when compared to all other groups tested, according to the statistical analysis ANOVA.

Conclusions
The most effective method for restoring large MOD cavities was found to be direct restoration using SFC either alone or as a bulk core in combination with PFC composite.

Clinical relevance
The use of SFC as bulk reinforcing base will significantly improve the loading performance of directly layered restorations.
Oral Health of Women and Children: Progress, Challenges, and Priorities
Authors: Kumar Jayanth , Crall James J. , Holt Katrina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Tooth decay remains the most prevalent chronic disease in children and adults, even though it is largely preventable. Studies show that mothers’ oral and overall health is linked to children’s oral health and pregnancy outcomes. This paper examines achievements during the last 20 years, assesses current challenges, and discusses future priorities.

Oral health status
Data show a modest improvement in children’s oral health during the last 20 years; however, tooth decay still affects more than half of adolescents. According to national survey data, about 26% of working-age adults had untreated tooth decay. Overall, significant oral health disparities by race/ethnicity and income persist.

Dental service utilization
The annual dental visit rate for children in the 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was 48%. Among children enrolled in Medicaid, dental visit rates increased from 18% in 1993 to nearly 50% in 2018. About 46% of women are estimated to receive teeth cleaning during pregnancy. Over the years, race or ethnicity and income-level differences in dental visits observed in the early 2000s have narrowed substantially in children but not among pregnant women.

Discussion
Many effective interventions are available at the community and individual levels but are underutilized. Lack of integration of oral health into the overall health care system and programs, community conditions, poverty, and limited health literacy make it difficult for families to engage in healthy habits, use preventive interventions, and access treatment promptly.

Conclusion
To further improve oral health, policy and system reforms are needed to address the factors mentioned above. Therefore, we urge the federal Maternal and Child Health Bureau to take steps to convene a workshop to develop a framework for future actions.
Discovering a change point and piecewise linear structure in a time series of organoid networks via the iso-mirror
Authors: Chen Tianyi , Park Youngser , Saad-Eldin Ali , Lubberts Zachary , Athreya Avanti , Pedigo Benjamin D. , Vogelstein Joshua T. , Puppo Francesca , Silva Gabriel A. , Muotri Alysson R. , Yang Weiwei , White Christopher M. , Priebe Carey E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent advancements have been made in the development of cell-based in-vitro neuronal networks, or organoids. In order to better understand the network structure of these organoids, a super-selective algorithm has been proposed for inferring the effective connectivity networks from multi-electrode array data. In this paper, we apply a novel statistical method called spectral mirror estimation to the time series of inferred effective connectivity organoid networks. This method produces a one-dimensional iso-mirror representation of the dynamics of the time series of the networks which exhibits a piecewise linear structure. A classical change point algorithm is then applied to this representation, which successfully detects a change point coinciding with the neuroscientifically significant time inhibitory neurons start appearing and the percentage of astrocytes increases dramatically. This finding demonstrates the potential utility of applying the iso-mirror dynamic structure discovery method to inferred effective connectivity time series of organoid networks.
Enhancing a Willingness to Respond to Disasters and Public Health Emergencies Among Health Care Workers, Using mHealth Intervention: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Mehmood Amber , Barnett Daniel J. , Kang Bee-Ah , Chhipa Ume-e-Aiman , Asad Nargis , Afzal Badar , Razzak Junaid A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) are increasingly faced with the continuous threat of confronting acute disasters, extreme weather-related events, and protracted public health emergencies. One of the major factors that determines emergency-department-based HCWs’ willingness to respond during public health emergencies and disasters is self-efficacy. Despite increased public awareness of the threat of disasters and heightened possibility of future public health emergencies, the emphasis on preparing the health care workforce for such disasters is inadequate in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Interventions for boosting self-efficacy and response willingness in public health emergencies and disasters have yet to be implemented or examined among emergency HCWs in LMICs. Mobile health (mHealth) technology seems to be a promising platform for such interventions, especially in a resource-constrained setting. This paper introduces an mHealth-focused project that demonstrates a model of multi-institutional and multidisciplinary collaboration for research and training to enhance disaster response willingness among emergency department workers in Pakistan.