bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit patients based on interpretable machine learning
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Mingyu , Wang Chengcheng , Zhang Chi , Wu Hong 
Published: January 2025

Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) poses a lethal risk in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, where early detection is challenging. This study was to establish a prediction model for AKI 24 hours in advance for ICU patients and to help clinicians monitor patients at an early stage by key features. Methods In this study, the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) databases were used to construct a dataset of critically ill patients. Predictive models were constructed using five machine learning algorithms based on MIMIC-IV data, and the best predictive model was selected by multiple model evaluation metrics. MIMIC-III data were used for external validation. We conducted an interpretability analysis of the model using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to clarify key features and decision-making mechanisms. Results A total of 18,186 patient data were included in this study. The analysis combining calibration and decision curves demonstrated that the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) exhibited superior performance among the five algorithms, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88. Interpretability analysis based on the XGBoost model showed diuretic use, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, age, and antibiotic use as the most important decision factors of the model. The SHAP summary plot was used to illustrate the effects of the top 19 features attributed to the XGBoost. Conclusions The XGBoost algorithm can predict the occurrence of AKI more accurately. Interpretative analysis of the model reveals the mechanisms of key features, and reflects the individual differences between patients, providing an important clinical reference.
Surgical Outcomes of Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Versus Repair for Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kholinne Erica , Ng Zhan Herr , Anastasia Maria , Singjie Leonard Christianto , Kwak Jae-Man , Jeon In-Ho 
Published: January 2025

Background: The aim of surgical treatment for posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow is to restore the integrity of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL), with ligamentous reconstruction being the preferred option for recurrent symptomatic PLRI. However, there is no clinical evidence demonstrating the superiority of reconstruction versus repair. Treatment options currently depend on the cause of the LUCL injury and surgeon preference. Purpose: To review studies comparing surgical outcomes of LUCL reconstruction versus repair in treating PLRI of the elbow. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This review was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Medline (via EBSCO), ProQuest, and ScienceDirect databases using the following keywords: “(lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction)” OR “(lateral ulnar collateral ligament repair)” AND “(outcome).” Excluded were studies in languages other than English, those that included terrible triad injury, transolecranon fracture, radial head arthroplasty involvement, associated procedures, animal studies, and biomechanical studies. A total of 193 studies were identified after the initial search. The primary outcome measure was the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, which was compared between studies using a random-effects model. Results: Overall, 20 studies (N = 646 patients) were included, with 445 of 646 patients (68.8%) in the LUCL reconstruction group and 201 of 646 patients (31.1%) in the LUCL repair group. All injuries in the included studies were traumatic. The LUCL reconstruction group had a longer follow-up period compared with the LUCL repair group (72.05 ± 43.51 vs 36.86 ± 21.19 months, respectively). The postoperative range of motion arc was similar in both the repair and reconstruction groups (135.02°± 15.33° vs 133.60°± 8.84°, respectively). Both LUCL repair and LUCL reconstruction resulted in good to excellent outcomes on patient-reported outcome measures; however, a superior rate of return to activity and a lower complication rate were found after LUCL reconstruction versus LUCL repair (8.3% vs 14.9%). Ulnar nerve event (2.3%) was the most common complication in both groups. Conclusion: Findings indicated that LUCL reconstruction had a superior rate of return to activity and a lower complication rate compared with LUCL repair.
The Theological Foundations of the Right to Stay in Catholic Social Teaching
Authors: Lemos Antônio 
Published: January 2025

Executive Summary The right to stay emerged as a fundamental principle in modern Catholic social teaching (CST) in the twentieth century, even preceding the right to migrate. This right is rooted in the condemnation of forced migration and three theological principles: 1 — salvation of souls, 2 — universal destination of goods, 3 — dignity of the human person. This paper traces the development of the right to stay within CST, identifying three distinct stages. The first stage, spanning from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, is characterized by an implicit recognition of the right to stay, embedded in the critique of the treatment of forced migration. During this period, CST primarily addressed the concerns of Catholic migrants, offering pastoral care and emphasizing the salvation of souls as theological foundations for protection. The second stage, from the mid-twemtieth century to the 1960s, sees a growing emphasis on the universal destination of goods as a key theological principle. While the right to stay remains implicit, CST begins to advocate for the protection of all migrants, regardless of their faith. The third stage, commencing in the 1960s, is marked by the explicit articulation of the right to stay, notably by Pope John XXIII. Its theological foundation expands to include the dignity of the human person, firmly establishing the right to stay as a central tenet of Catholic migration ethics. The study concludes that the right to stay has evolved from an implicit concept to a clearly articulated principle in CST. This evolution is underpinned by a growing theological foundation, shifting from a focus on pastoral care of Catholic migrants, to a broader emphasis on the universal destination of goods and the inherent dignity of every human person.
Reasons to Stay: A Review of Community-Led Efforts to Generate Rootedness
Authors: Aviel Sara , S. Ryan Kelly , S. Gomes Raquel 
Published: January 2025

Executive Summary Lack of livelihood opportunities, violence, and other pressures lead many youth from across El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras to migrate without documentation, with significant numbers attempting to reach the United States. Yet other youth, facing similar obstacles, find or create opportunities closer to home. This article complements the emerging research on what motivates individuals in high-migration areas to remain in their country of origin by reviewing how community-led organizations across these countries have contributed to creating opportunities for youth locally. After briefly reviewing the evidence on factors associated with rootedness (the combination of economic, social, civic, and cultural ties to one’s homeland), we describe the experience of 17 community-led organizations, all grantees of the Inter-American Foundation (IAF), and identify how the organizations have contributed to income generation, education, and civic engagement, factors often associated with greater likelihood of remaining in one’s locality or country. Much of the effectiveness of these organizations derives from their locally-led efforts to provide increasingly comprehensive approaches to youth development that boosts how young people perceive themselves and their potential in the world, while strengthening their connection to their communities. This comprehensive approach, more than any single intervention, makes the difference in allowing youth to remain in their home countries.
Differential expression of plasma proteins and pathway enrichments in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Spagnolo Paolo , Cela Enis , Patel Maitray A. , Tweddell David , Daley Mark , Clarson Cheril , Stranges Saverio , Cepinskas Gediminas , Fraser Douglas D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
In children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) triggers a significant inflammatory response; however, the specific effector proteins and signaling pathways involved remain largely unexplored. This pediatric case–control study utilized plasma proteomics to explore protein alterations associated with severe DKA and to identify signaling pathways that associate with clinical variables.

Methods
We conducted a proteome analysis of plasma samples from 17 matched pairs of pediatric patients with T1D; one cohort with severe DKA and another with insulin-controlled diabetes. Proximity extension assays were used to quantify 3072 plasma proteins. Data analysis was performed using multivariate statistics, machine learning, and bioinformatics.

Results
This study identified 214 differentially expressed proteins (162 upregulated, 52 downregulated; adj P < 0.05 and a fold change > 2), reflecting cellular dysfunction and metabolic stress in severe DKA. We characterized protein expression across various organ systems and cell types, with notable alterations observed in white blood cells. Elevated inflammatory pathways suggest an enhanced inflammatory response, which may contribute to the complications of severe DKA. Additionally, upregulated pathways related to hormone signaling and nitrogen metabolism were identified, consistent with increased hormone release and associated metabolic processes, such as glycogenolysis and lipolysis. Changes in lipid and fatty acid metabolism were also observed, aligning with the lipolysis and ketosis characteristic of severe DKA. Finally, several signaling pathways were associated with clinical biochemical variables.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight differentially expressed plasma proteins and enriched signaling pathways that were associated with clinical features, offering insights into the pathophysiology of severe DKA.
Insights into semi-continuous synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) via thermal decomposition of iron oleate
Authors: Höfgen Egon Götz , Bandyopadhyay Sulalit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The increasing demand for magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in biomedicine necessitates efficient and scalable production methods. Thermal decomposition offers excellent tailoring of the particle properties but its discontinuous batch-operation is restricting scale-up and industrial application. To overcome these challenges, several studies have demonstrated semi-continuous thermal decomposition by slowly injecting the precursor, though only half of them produce magnetite IONPs and even fewer use iron oleate precursors. The available studies are limited, often focusing on single synthesis variables and a comprehensive mapping of the physicochemical properties to reaction conditions is missing. Here we present our investigation of semi-continuous thermal decomposition of iron oleate as a route for the synthesis of magnetic IONPs. We achieved the semi-continuous synthesis of spherical IONPs with properties matching those obtained via the conventional heat-up method. We explored the the effect of multiple synthesis variables, namely addition rate, dwell time, iron oleate amount, oleic acid amount, temperature and consistently report magnetic saturation of our samples. We found that the dwell time seemingly has a stronger effect on particle sizes and magnetic saturation than the addition speed, within moderate addition rates, and further are we the first to report the effect of reaction temperature on semi-continuous synthesis. The iron oleate precursor obtained from salt exchange was employed without pretreatment or dilution thereby facilitating a streamlined synthesis process. An oxidative phase transfer was used to mitigate the key challenge of hydrophobicity of oleate-capped IONPs, enabling their potential use in biomedical applications. Our work advances the understanding of of synthesis-property relationships of IONPs by demonstrating the translation of established synthesis protocols into more efficient and scalable processes through which it provides insights for developing and optimizing future production protocols for various applications.

Graphical abstract
Floral diversity and conservation status of vascular plants in arid mountainous areas
Authors: Hassanen Sara , Eldin Elsayeda Gamal , Kamel Wafaa , Zaghloul Mohamed Saad , Hassan Yasmin M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The destructive human activities, encroachment of natural habitats, and hyperarid climate threaten the wild flora of the unprotected mountainous areas facing the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. So, this study aims to revise and give an updated systematic status of the flowering plants growing there to conserve and utilize valuable biodiversity.

Results
This study showed the presence of 136 species, including 7 sub-species of vascular plants, 12 species of monocots, and 124 species dicots belonged to 98 genera and 37 families. The most species-rich families were Asteraceae (22 species) and Amaranthaceae (19 species). Therophytes and Chamaephytes were the most dominant life- forms in the study area, representing 38.2%. They were followed by Phanerophytes, Hemicryptophytes, and Cryptophytes, which represented 11%, 8.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. Five plant assemblages were identified by TWINSAPN classification namely, Zygophyllum coccineum –Haloxylon salicornicum assemblage, Zilla spinosa -Zygophyllum coccineum assemblage, Zygophyllum coccineum-Tamarix nilotica assemblage, Tamarix nilotica – Phargmites australis assemblage and Tamarix nilotica–Chenopodium murale assemblage. Several invasive species were recorded in some wadis. However, their presence is unusual to the floristic composition of the wadis in general and acts as an alarm to protect the native species from anthropogenic interference. Moisture content, organic matter, electrical conductivity, pH, cations, anions, and total carbonate were identified as the significant factors controlling distribution of plant clusters by detrended correspondence analysis. This study recorded Tribulus mollis as a new addition to Egypt’s flora of Eastern desert.

Conclusion
The comparative analysis of the present and past floral studies in the study area reveals a significant change in the plant community composition. This shift is likely attributed to the adverse impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities. Thus, this area has to be safeguarded with practical strategies that aid in preserving the significant uncommon flora.
The association of social media use and other social factors with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Egyptian university students
Authors: Hassan Mustafa Mohammed , Orebi Hisham Ahmed , Salama Basem , Kabbash Ibrahim Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. Many studies reported that excessive social media use is more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out at Tanta University. The study recruited a total sample of 933 college students from Tanta University from five randomly selected colleges. Data was collected using self-administrated questionnaires made in Google Forms sent to social media groups of students. We used the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) Symptom Checklist instructions.

Results
The total number of respondents was 933. Those at risk of ADHD represented 30.5%. All sociodemographic variables were not found to significantly affect the risk for ADHD except for the presence of the father in the family. This of ADHD significantly increased to 42.3% and 44.4% for those whose fathers were traveling abroad or separated from their mothers, respectively (p = 0.031). The risk for ADHD significantly decreased among those who practice sports to reach 24.1% compared to 33.8% for those who did not (p = 0.002). The risk for ADHD increased significantly among those who used mass media to watch reels. ADHD risk was found to increase with increased hours of watching media during the study period (p < 0.001) during weekends (p = 0.001) and holidays (p = 0.038). Multivariate analysis showed that practicing sports independently reduces the risk for ADHD (Exp B = 0.679). Meanwhile, both watching reels and hours of using media during the study period independently increase the risk (Exp B = 1.493 and 1.390, respectively).

Conclusion
There are many factors affecting ADHD, we found that watching reels, status, stories, and shorts and the number of hours spent on social media during the study period are independent risk factors. Practicing sports is an independent protective factor. Most of the factors need further studies.
Do coping strategies mediate the effects of childhood adversities and traumata on clinical high-risk of psychosis, depression, and social phobia? A cross-sectional study on patients of an early detection service
Authors: Chang Zhixiong , Osman Naweed , Doll Carolin Martha , Lichtenstein Theresa Katharina , Rosen Marlene , Meisenzahl Eva , Kadel Hanna , Kambeitz Joseph , Vogeley Kai , Schultze-Lutter Frauke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Childhood adversities and traumata (CAT) increase the risk for various mental disorders, including the clinical high-risk of psychosis (CHR-P) state and its main comorbidities, i.e., depression, and social phobia. However, these relations are likely mediated by personal coping behaviors. This cross-sectional study investigates the relationships between the main CAT domains, coping, CHR-P, depression, and social phobia.

Methods
Using path analyses, we analyzed data of 736 patients (mean age 24 years, 67% male) who presented at an early detection service between 2002 and 2013, answered questionnaires on CAT, coping, depressiveness, and social phobia, and underwent clinical examination for CHR-P according to the recommendations of the Guidance project of the European Psychiatric Association.

Results
All path models (total sample, males and females) showed good to excellent fit to the data. In all models, higher scores on maladaptive coping mediated the negative effect of emotional abuse on mental health outcomes. Additionally, in the total sample and males, lower scores on adaptive coping mediated the negative effect of emotional abuse and neglect, and physical neglect was associated with lower scores on adaptive coping that, in turn, were linked to depression and social phobia but not CHR-P. Overall, effects of maladaptive coping were higher than those of adaptive coping, although adaptive coping was more diversely associated with CAT. Furthermore, the interrelated depression and social phobia were more widely explained by the models than CHR-P, which was not significantly associated with them.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the complex interplay of the CAT domains and their relevant mediators with mental health outcomes that likely reflect underlying sex-specific psychological, social, cultural and neurobiological mechanisms. Supporting a broader view on CAT than the traditional focus on sexual abuse, results indicate an important role of emotional abuse that, descriptively, is most strongly mediated by maladaptive coping strategies on mental health outcomes. A detailed understanding of the effects of CAT will in future help to develop a multi-dimensional, holistic and sex-specific approach to the treatment of patients who have experienced CAT.

Trial registration
The study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (https://drks.de/) as DRKS00024469 at 02/24/2021.
Utilization and quality of primary and specialized palliative homecare in nursing home residents vs. community dwellers: a claims data analysis
Authors: Poeck Juliane , Meissner Franziska , Ditscheid Bianka , Krause Markus , Wedding Ulrich , Gebel Cordula , Marschall Ursula , Meyer Gabriele , Schneider Werner , Freytag Antje 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
There are hardly any data on the extent to which nursing home residents are provided with palliative homecare. We want to add evidence by comparing nursing home residents (who had been living in a nursing home for at least one year) and nursing-care-dependent community dwellers in terms of utilization and quality of palliative homecare.

Methods
We conducted a population-based study with nationwide claims data from deceased beneficiaries of a large German health insurance provider. First, we compared utilization rates of primary palliative care [PPC], specialized palliative homecare [SPHC], and no palliative care [noPC] between nursing home residents and community dwellers, both descriptively and adjusted for covariates. Second, we analyzed the (adjusted) relationship between PPC-only and SPHC (both: starting ≥ 30 days before death), and noPC with healthcare indicators (death in hospital, hospitalization, emergencies, intensive care treatment within the last 30 days of life), and compared these relationships between nursing home residents and community dwellers. Analyses were conducted using simple and multiple logistic regression. Data were standardized by age and gender.

Results
From 117,436 decedents in 2019, 71,803‬ could be included in the first, 55,367‬ in the second analysis. The rate of decedents with noPC was higher in nursing home residents (61.3%) compared to community dwellers (56.6%). Nursing home residents received less SPHC (10.7% vs. 23.2%) but more PPC (30.3% vs. 27.0%) than community dwellers, and achieved better outcomes across all end-of-life healthcare indicators. Adjusted for covariates, both types of palliative homecare were associated with beneficial outcomes, in nursing home residents as well as in community dwellers, with generally better outcomes for SPHC than PPC-only. For most outcomes, the associations with palliative homecare were equal or smaller in nursing home residents than in community dwellers.

Conclusions
The overall better performance in quality of end-of-life care in nursing home residents than in community dwellers may be due to the institutionally provided nursing and general practitioner care within nursing homes. This may also explain higher rates of PPC and lower rates of SPHC in nursing home residents, and why the relationship with both PPC and SPHC are smaller in nursing home residents.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): [DRKS00024133, Date of registration: 28.06.2021].