bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Pancreatic Fat in Children
Authors: Cho Jin Young , You Sun Kyoung , Lim Han Hyuk , Kim Hyun Jin 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
Recently, interest in pancreatic fat has increased, and fatty pancreas is considered to be related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of echogenic pancreas in children and its related factors.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients aged 5 to 18 years who had undergone abdominal sonography between January 2020 and December 2020. Patients with chronic or pancreatic diseases were excluded.

Results
Of 102 patients, 27 (26.5%) had echogenic pancreas and 55 (53.9%) had NAFLD. Among the 55 patients with NAFLD, 18 (32.7%) had an echogenic pancreas. Patients with echogenic pancreas had significantly higher fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels than those without echogenic pancreas. The proportion of NAFLD and obesity was higher in the echogenic group; however, only the proportion of obese subjects showed a significant difference. In multivariate analysis, family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or dyslipidemia and presence of DM and/or dyslipidemia were factors related to the presence of echogenic pancreas.

Conclusions
Echogenic pancreas is relatively common in children. Echogenic pancreas, typically observed in patients with a family history of DM and/or dyslipidemia, was strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, even in the absence of fatty liver.
Familial Duodenal Somatostatinomatosis Not Associated With a Known Genetic Syndrome
Authors: Yu Run , Rao Jianyu , Zhai Jing , Hecht J. Randolph , Pisegna Joseph R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report a father and his daughter who both had multiple somatostatinomas in the duodenal bulb without a known syndrome. The father, at age 68 years, was incidentally found to harbor 4 approximately 1.5-cm well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors in the duodenal bulb. His preoperative somatostatin level was elevated. He underwent partial duodenectomy and regional lymph node dissection; one lymph node was positive for metastasis. One year postoperatively, a recurrence was found in the surgical bed; he was treated with octreotide for 2 years, which stabilized the recurrent tumor. Ten years postoperatively, the mucosa of his remaining duodenum was normal. His daughter, at age 53 years, was found to harbor multiple small neuroendocrine tumors in the duodenal bulb. Immunostaining of available specimens showed that the neuroendocrine tumors from the father and daughter both were strongly positive for somatostatin. Micronodules of somatostatin-expressing neuroendocrine cells were found in the parts of the specimens uninvolved with the tumors. Both patients exhibited no evidence of known syndromes associated with somatostatinoma. The daughter did not harbor mutations in 93 genes commonly found in genetic tumor syndromes. The 2 cases thus suggest a novel, autosomal dominant, genetic syndrome of familial duodenal somatostatinomatosis.
Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiencies and Disruption of the Immune System in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Aziz Mohammad Hosein , van der Meulen Jan , Mustafa Dana A.M. , van Eijck Casper H. J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently an increasing contributor to cancer-related mortality. Despite advances in cancer treatment, PDAC survival rates have remained roughly unchanged over the years. Specifically, late diagnosis and insensitivity to currently available therapeutic regimens have been identified as the main causes for its poor survival. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a typical complication associated with PDAC diagnosis and pancreatic surgery. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, a major contributor to maldigestion in PDAC, is often not treated because it remains undetected because of lack of overt signs and symptoms. In this review, we will focus on the major consequences of PEI, including the inadequacy of lipase excretion, which results in deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins. Because PDAC is known for its immune-high jacking mechanisms, we describe key features in which deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins may contribute to the aggressive biological behavior and immune evasion in PDAC. Because PEI has been shown to worsen survival rates in patients with PDAC, detecting PEI and the related fat-soluble vitamin deficits at the time of PDAC diagnosis is critical. Moreover, timely supplementation of pancreatic enzymes and fat-soluble vitamins may improve outcomes for PDAC patients.
Angiotensin-(1–7) Restores Microcirculation Profiles in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Cui Tianyu , Zhang Tingting , Hu Weikai , Liu Ruixia , Yin Chenghong 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate whether angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7)–mediated restoration of pancreatic microcirculation profiles and endothelial injury is associated with the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT).

Methods
Wild-type, TERT transgene, and TERT knockdown mice were used in this study, and acute pancreatitis model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pancreatitis was confirmed by histopathology and serum amylase levels. Pancreatic microcirculation function was assessed by laser Doppler. Endothelial injury model was established by exposing endothelial cells to LPS. Proinflammatory cytokines were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, endothelial permeability was detected using transwell assay, and mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) were determined by performing confocal microscopy.

Results
The effects of Ang-(1–7) in the treatment of pancreatic microcirculation dysfunction were associated with TERT expression. In addition, Ang-(1–7) protected against endothelial cell lesions via inhibiting the increase in endothelial cell permeability and release of proinflammatory cytokines in a TERT-dependent manner. Furthermore, TERT was involved in Ang-(1–7)–mediated attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction and mtROS in LPS-induced endothelial cells.

Conclusions
Angiotensin-(1–7) restores pancreatic microcirculation profiles and reverses endothelial injury by inhibiting mtROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction in a TERT-dependent manner.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis With or Without Prior Acute Pancreatitis Are Different
Authors: Tao Heqing , Chang Hong , Li Nan , Zhu Shiwei , Duan Liping 
Published: January 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to clarify the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) who had no prior acute pancreatitis (AP) attack.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients with CP who were admitted to our center between January 2012 and January 2020.

Results
A total of 274 patients were divided into the following 3 groups: group A: CP without prior AP (n = 103 [37.6%]), group B: CP preceded by a single episode of AP (n = 39 [14.23%]), and group C: CP preceded by recurrent AP (n = 132 [48.18%]). At the diagnosis, patients in group A had a higher incidence of pancreatic duct stones (41.7% vs 25.8%, P = 0.012), higher proportion of idiopathic CP (68.9% vs 48.5%, P = 0.001), and higher mean pancreatic volume change rate (37.61% vs 10.48%, P = 0.007) compared with Group C. Patients in group A underwent the most episodes of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy therapy among the 3 groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Approximately 37.6% of patients had no prior AP attack before CP diagnosis. Patients with CP without prior AP had higher incidence of pancreatic duct stones and pancreas volume shrank faster.
Lhermitte-Duclos Disease Related With Cowden Syndrome Mimicking Metastatic Lung Cancer on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kesim Selin , Ozguven Salih , Oksuzoglu Kevser , Erdil Tanju Yusuf 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cowden syndrome is characterized by multiple hamartomatous and neoplastic lesions including Lhermitte-Duclos disease, which is the main criterion for the diagnosis. Herein, we presented a patient with suspected metastatic disease referred to PET/CT, which showed mildly hypermetabolic multinodular thyroid goiter, multiple hamartomatous pulmonary, and breast nodules. Also, intense hypermetabolism was noted on the cerebellar tumor lesion. Lhermitte-Duclos disease was diagnosed based on the characteristic MRI findings, and she was followed up with a diagnosis of Cowden syndrome. Our case indicates that Cowden syndrome should be included as a differential diagnosis of abnormal FDG uptake in the multiple systemic hamartomatous tumors.
Heterotopic Pancreas Mimicking Metastases From Renal Carcinoma
Authors: Datta Deepanksha , Kumar Rajesh , Varshney Peeyush , Khera Sudeep , Gupta Tanisha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Heterotopic pancreas, also known as ectopic or aberrant pancreas, is described as the deposits of normal pancreatic tissue “dropped” into the developing gastrointestinal system. Here we present an operated case of renal clear cell carcinoma, which on 6-month follow-up presented with eccentric mass in the gastric body suspicious for malignancy. Endoscopic biopsy was inconclusive and showed isometabolism on 18F-FDG PET/CT. It was subsequently resected laparoscopically, and final histopathology revealed heterotopic pancreas.
Normalization of Liver Physiological Uptake as a Response Marker to Treatment in Prostate Cancer Liver Metastases Appearing as Photopenic on Baseline 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: Faudemer Julie , Meriaux Emeline , Tillou Xavier , Aide Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In a 54-year-old patient referred for 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) baseline PET/CT before chemotherapy for biopsy-proven liver metastases, FCH PET/CT demonstrated multiple hypodense hepatic lesions with no FCH uptake and 2 positive bone metastases. FCH PET/CT performed after 6 cycles of docetaxel demonstrated a near normalization of the physiological uptake in the area of the sterilized liver metastases, which was confirmed by a drop in prostate-specific antigen and a complete metabolic response in the bone metastases. The present case demonstrates a new pattern of response defined by a reverse phenomenon from photopenic to normal uptake in responding liver metastases.
Head-to-Head Comparison Between Rabbit Sign and EANM/SNMMI Criteria for the 18F-DOPA Visual Assessment of Parkinsonian Syndromes in PET/MRI
Authors: Goldfarb Lucas , Iep Alex , Chawki Mohammad Bilal , Nguyen Loc , Lun François , Carpentier Amer-Adam Al Najjar , de Recondo Anne , Blin Jérôme , Bourdinaud Valérie , Morin Ludovic , Andriatsiferana Harisoa , Ferreira André , Deschiens Anne Marie , Brulon Vincent , Comtat Claude , Lebon Vincent , Besson Florent L. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of the rabbit visual pattern versus the one endorsed by the EANM/SNMMI for the diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes in PET/MRI.

Patients and Methods
The 18F-DOPA PET images of 129 consecutive patients (65 Park+ and 64 controls) with 1 year of clinical follow-up were reviewed independently by 5 experienced readers on the same imaging workstation, blinded to the final clinical diagnosis. Two visual methods were assessed independently, with several days to months of interval: the criteria endorsed by EANM/SNMMI and the “rabbit” shape of the striate assessed on 3D MIP images. The sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios, and predictive values of the 2 diagnostic tests were estimated simultaneously by using the “comparison of 2 binary diagnostic tests to a paired design” method.

Results
The estimated 95% confidence interval (CI) of sensitivities and specificities ranged from 49.4% to 76.5% and from 83.2% to 97.7%, respectively. The 95% CI estimates of positive and negative likelihood ratios ranged from 3.8 to 26.7 and from 0.26 to 0.56, respectively. The 95% CI estimates of the positive and negative predictive values ranged from 78.1% to 96.7% and from 60.3% to 81.4%, respectively. For all the parameters, no statistical difference was observed between the 2 methods (P > 0.05). The rabbit sign reduced the readers’ discrepancies by 25%, while maintaining the same performance.

Conclusions
The rabbit visual pattern appears at least comparable to the current EANM/SNMMI reference procedure for the assessment of parkinsonian syndromes in daily clinical practice, without the need of any image postprocessing. Further multicenter prospective studies would be of relevance to validate these findings.
Routine Use of Lateral Vertebral Assessment With DXA Scan for Detection of Silent But Debilitating Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Gill Sana Munir , Hassan Aamna 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of the Report
Reduced bone mineral density is a major public health dilemma with high prevalence. Vertebral fracture (VF) is an independent risk factor for fragility fracture. Lateral vertebral assessment (LVA) in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is a reliable, low-radiation, accurate, and cost-effective method for VF assessment.

Patients and Methods
Five hundred seventy-five scans of oncologic and nononcologic patients were retrospectively reviewed irrespective of age or sex. Patients’ symptoms, bone mineral density, and risk factors were also evaluated. Scans in which LVA was not acquired or had previously known VFs were excluded.

Results
The mean age of patients was 66 ± 11.5 years. Eleven percent of patients had VFs on LVA, of which 7 were excluded due to known VFs. Ten percent had new VFs, most of whom were women (n = 42). The most common risk factor was secondary osteoporosis in women and rheumatoid arthritis in men. Sixty-eight percent of the patients had solitary fractures, whereas 32% had multiple fractures. Most of these patients had underlying osteopenia (n = 19). FRAX was calculated twice: once with the history of personal fracture marked and the other time unmarked as these would not have been discovered if LVA was not acquired. Statistically significant mean percent difference of 5.4% was found in probability of major osteoporotic fracture and 2.1% in the mean risk of hip fracture.

Conclusions
In our population, 10% patients had unsuspected VFs on LVA in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan. Most of these were nononcologic patients with associated risk factors. Based on the FRAX tool, there is a significant difference in the 10-year risk of fracture when unsuspected fractures discovered on LVA are marked.
Increased FAPI Activity in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Liu Wei , Gong Weidong , Yang Xiao , Xu Tingting , Chen Yue 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A 50-year-old man presented with cough and hemoptysis for 1 month. Chest CT showed an irregular mass in the right lung, with enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum and right hilum. These findings were suggestive of lung cancer with lymph node metastases. The patient was subsequently enrolled in a 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT clinical trial. 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT revealed a mass in the upper lobe of right lung, with intense tracer uptake. Meanwhile, PET/CT showed enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum and right hilum, with mild FAPI uptake. However, pathological examination confirmed the mass was tuberculous granuloma.
Striatal Dopaminergic Loss and Dysphagia in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Kim Ji Hwan , Jeon Jonghu , Lee Young , Kim Seung Min , Cheon Miju , Kim Jun Yup 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
To better understand the development of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and to identify possible neuromodulatory target regions of dysphagia, we studied the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability distribution by subtype of dysphagia.

Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients with PD who underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing study and N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-2β-carbon ethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (18F-FP-CIT) PET at intervals of less than 1 month were analyzed. The 14 binarized subitem scores of the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale were analyzed using a voxel-wise Firth’s penalized binary logistic regression model, adjusting for age and disease duration at videofluoroscopic swallowing study.

Results
Sixty-five patients with PD were finally included. Striatal mapping showed association of decreased DAT availability with 5 subitems with 1 or more clusters surviving the statistical threshold: 1 oral phase and 4 pharyngeal phase subitems. The overlap maps created by superimposing clusters for all 5 statistically significant subitems revealed associations of dysphagia in PD with decreased DAT availability in the bilateral ventral striatum. Of these, 4 subitems belonging to the pharyngeal phase-specific dysphagia were additionally found to be related to dopaminergic degeneration of the bilateral anterior-to-posterior caudate and ventral striatum.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that subitem/phase-specific striatal subregional dopaminergic depletion may explain the dysphagia of PD. This dopaminergic degeneration of striatal subregions specific to the phases of dysphagia may serve as a potential target for neuromodulatory brain stimulation through stimulation of cortices functionally connected.
Effect of Leflunomide Use on 68Ga-DOTATATE Biodistribution in a Case With Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Tatar Gamze , Beyhan Ediz , Arslan Esra , Ergül Nurhan , Çermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A 58-year-old man who underwent surgery for a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of pancreatic origin was evaluated with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging in the follow-up period. After PET/CT findings consistent with disease remission, the patient was started on leflunomide treatment with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. The patient received leflunomide for 6 months. Then, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan was repeated to evaluate the primary disease outcome. Besides the disease remission, we also observed alterations in DOTATATE uptakes of some tissues and organs. In this case, we present the changes in 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan findings after leflunomide use.
Two Novel, Nonoperative Methods of Stoma Prolapse in Newborns
Authors: Zhou Jialiang , Huang Rong , Zhang Ying , Ge Wuping , Fang Yuanlong , Zhu Xiaochun 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Prolapse is a common complication following enterostomy; the defect and consequences of a prolapse significantly affect health-related quality of life. Creative techniques must be employed to manage the prolapse.

CASES:
This article describes management of 3 neonates with stoma prolapse.

CONCLUSION:
Management of stoma prolapse should be individualized, employing successful nonoperative techniques rather than more difficult operative procedures to prevent recurrent prolapse.
Maternal diesel exposure and maternal choline supplementation interactions in fetal and placental immune factors
Authors: Maurer Sara V , Bolton Jessica L , Bilbo Staci D , Williams Christina L 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAir pollution causes widespread inflammatory changes in the body and brain. When exposure to air pollution occurs early in development, children exhibit impaired working memory ability (Sunyer et al., 2015). In addition, prenatal exposure to diesel particulate matter (DEP) increases inflammatory cytokine expression in the whole brain of embryonic day 18 (E18) males and leads to adverse long-term negative outcomes (Bolton et al., 2012). In contrast, dietary choline supplementation is negatively correlated with inflammatory cytokine production in adult rats and cultured human cells (Zhang et al., 2018; Jiang et al., 2014). When administered as a supplement to pregnant rats, choline also improves working memory in adulthood (Meck et al., 2008; Meck & Williams, 1999; 1997). The current study sought to determine if prenatal dietary choline supplementation protects against the effects of air pollution in the developing brain and in the placenta and fetal liver. These data revealed region-specific microglial morphology alterations in fetal brain and in inflammatory gene expression in the placenta and fetal liver (specifically,Tnf, Tlr2, Tlr4, andItgam) due to maternal choline supplementation and/or maternal air pollution exposure. We found that DEP led to changes in microglial morphology in the fetal dentate gyrus of E18 male, but not female, fetuses. In the placenta and fetal liver of males, inflammatory gene expression was affected by both DEP and maternal choline supplementation. However, maternal choline supplementation alone upregulated inflammatory gene expression in females, which may indicate an alteration in maturation rate. These data further contribute to the growing literature indicating region- and tissue-specificity in the developmental immune system in the context of maternal exposures.
The Preprint Club - A cross-institutional, community-based approach to peer reviewing
Authors: Richter Felix Clemens , Gea-Mallorquí Ester , Ruffin Nicolas , Vabret Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe academic community has been increasingly using preprints to disseminate their latest research findings quickly and openly. This early and open access of non-peer reviewed research warrants new means from the scientific community to efficiently assess and provide feedback to preprints. Yet, most peer review of scientific studies performed today are still managed by journals, each having their own peer review policy and transparency. However, approaches to uncouple the peer review process from journal publication are emerging. Additionally, formal education of early career researchers (ECRs) in peer reviewing is rarely available, hampering the quality of peer review feedback. Here, we introduce the Preprint Club, a cross-institutional, community-based approach to peer reviewing, founded by ECRs from the University of Oxford, Karolinska Institutet and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Over the past two years and using the collaborative setting of the Preprint Club, we have been discussing, assessing, and providing feedback on recent preprints in the field of immunology. In this article, we provide a blueprint of the Preprint Club basic structure, demonstrate its effectiveness, and detail the lessons we learned on its impact on peer review training and preprint author’s perception.
CAT PETR: A Graphical User Interface for Differential Analysis of Phosphorylation and Expression Data
Authors: Flanagan Keegan , Pelech Steven , Av-Gay Yossef , Duc Khanh Dao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAntibody microarray data provides a powerful and high-throughput tool to monitor global changes in cellular response to perturbation or genetic manipulation. However, while collecting such data has become increasingly accessible, a lack of specific computational tools has made their analysis limited. Here we present CAT PETR, a user friendly web application for the differential analysis of expression and phosphorylation data collected via antibody microarrays. Our application addresses the limitations of other GUI based tools by providing various data input options and visualizations. To illustrate its capabilities on real data, we show that CAT PETR both replicates previous findings, and reveals additional insights, using its advanced visualization and statistical options.