bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of sulfonylureas with the risk of dementia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Wu Che‐Yuan , Iskander Carina , Wang Christa , Xiong Lisa Y. , Shah Baiju R. , Edwards Jodi D. , Kapral Moira K. , Herrmann Nathan , Lanctôt Krista L. , Masellis Mario , Swartz Richard H. , Cogo‐Moreira Hugo , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Rabin Jennifer S. , Black Sandra E. , Saskin Refik , Swardfager Walter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSulfonylureas are oral glucose‐lowering medications positioned as a second‐line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Evidence relating them to cognitive decline has been mixed. The objective was to determine whether sulfonylurea use was associated with a differential risk of dementia compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitor use.MethodsUsing administrative data from residents in Ontario, Canada, adults aged ≥66 years who were new users of a sulfonylurea or a DPP4 inhibitor from June 14, 2011, to March 31, 2021 entered this population‐based retrospective cohort study. Dementia was ascertained using a validated algorithm for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Propensity‐score weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and confidence intervals (CI) for time to incident dementia. The observation window started at 1 year after cohort entry to mitigate protopathic bias due to delayed diagnosis. The primary analysis used an intention‐to‐treat exposure definition. A separate propensity‐score weighted analysis was conducted to explore within‐class differences in dementia risk among sulfonylurea new users selected from the primary cohort.ResultsAmong 107,806 DPP4 inhibitor new users and 37,030 sulfonylurea new users, sulfonylureas compared with DPP4 inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of dementia (18.4/1000 person‐years; aHR [95% CI] = 1.09 [1.04–1.15]) over a mean follow‐up of 4.82 years from cohort entry. Glyburide compared to gliclazide exhibited a higher dementia risk (aHR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.03–1.32]).ConclusionNew use of a sulfonylurea especially glyburide was associated with a higher dementia risk compared with new use of a DPP4 inhibitor in older adults with diabetes.
Psychometric properties of inhibitory control measures among youth with Down syndrome
Authors: Soltani A. , Schworer E. K. , Altaye M. , Fidler D. J. , Beebe D. W. , Wiley S. , Hoffman E. K. , Voth K. , Esbensen A. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundInhibitory control measures have been commonly used when assessing individuals with Down syndrome. However, minimal attention has been devoted to evaluating the appropriateness of specific assessments for use in this population, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of measures of inhibitory control among youth with Down syndrome. We sought to examine the feasibility, presence of floor or practice effects, test–retest reliability, convergent validity and correlations with broader developmental domains of a set of inhibitory control tasks.MethodsA sample of 97 youth with Down syndrome aged 6 to 17 years old participated in verbal and visuospatial tasks of inhibitory control including the Cat/dog Stroop, Neuropsychological Assessment Second Edition (NEPSY‐II) Statue, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (TCB) Flanker, Leiter‐3 Attention Sustained, and the Test of Attentional Performance for Children (KiTAP) Go/No‐go and Distractibility subtests. Youth also completed standardised assessments of cognition and language, and caregivers completed rating scales. Psychometric properties on the tasks of inhibitory control were evaluated against a priori criteria.ResultsApart from demonstrating negligible practice effects, adequate psychometric properties were not observed for any inhibitory control measure within the current sample's age range. One task with low working memory demands (NEPSY‐II Statue) generally had better psychometric properties than the other tasks assessed. Subgroups of participants with an IQ greater than 30 and age more than 8 years were shown to be more likely to be able to complete the inhibition tasks.ConclusionsFindings suggest better feasibility for analogue tasks rather than computerised assessments of inhibitory control. Given the weak psychometrics of several common measures, future studies are required to evaluate other inhibitory control measures, specifically those with reduced working memory demands for youth with Down syndrome. Recommendations for use of the inhibitory control tasks among youth with Down syndrome are provided.
European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for gastroduodenal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) G1–G3
Authors: Panzuto Francesco , Ramage John , Pritchard D. Mark , van Velthuysen Marie‐Louise F. , Schrader Joerg , Begum Nehara , Sundin Anders , Falconi Massimo , O'Toole Dermot 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present guidance paper was to update the previous ENETS guidelines on well‐differentiated gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), providing practical guidance for specialists in the diagnosis and management of gastroduodenal NETs. Type II gastric NETs, neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), and functioning duodenal NETs are not covered, since they will be discussed in other ENETS guidance papers.
Evaluation of the effect of preoperative rectal misoprostol use on the postoperative outcomes of hysteroscopic myomectomy
Authors: Güven Cenk Mustafa , Avul Zerrin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of using two doses of rectal misoprostol on postoperative results in hysteroscopic myomectomy.MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out at two hospitals in which the medical records of patients who underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy between November 2017 and April 2022 were evaluated, and subjects were grouped depending on the administration of misoprostol before hysteroscopy. In recipients, two rectal doses of misoprostol (400 μg) were administered, 12 h and 1 h before the planned operation. Outcomes evaluated were: postoperative reduction in hemoglobin (Hb), pain at 12 and 24 h (VAS score), and length of hospital stay.ResultsThe mean age of 47 women in the study group was 27.38 ± 5.12 (range 20–38) years. Hb levels reduced significantly in both groups after hysteroscopic myomectomy (p < 0.001). In misoprostol recipients, VAS score was found to be significantly lower at 12 h (p < 0.001) and 24 h after the operation (p = 0.004). Multiple linear regression analyses for each of the outcomes revealed the following: greater myoma size was associated with greater Hb decrease (p = 0.010), misoprostol use was associated with lower 12th and 24th hour VAS scores (p < 0.001), longer duration of operation was associated with higher 12th and 24th hour VAS scores (p < 0.001), and finally, longer duration of operation was associated with prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe use of two doses of rectal misoprostol before hysteroscopic myomectomy was effective in reducing postoperative pain. Prospective, population‐based studies evaluating different uses of misoprostol in hysteroscopic myomectomy are needed.
Indications of goal displacement induced by budget cuts and output management: a case study of a regulatory enforcement agency in the Netherlands
Authors: HUIZINGA KEES 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA case study was conducted at a regulatory enforcement agency in the Netherlands to explore whether it might be affected by goal displacement and, if so, to gain insight into the possible causes of the phenomenon. The results indicate three distinct types of goal displacement, each of which appears to substantially impair the effectiveness of the agency in a specific way. It is argued that the combination of multiple, consecutive budget cuts imposed on the agency and a strong culture of output management have played a key role in generating goal displacement. In more general terms, the study shows the potential usefulness of a goal displacement perspective in investigating the effectiveness of enforcement agencies.
Maxillofacial prosthetics and digital technologies: Cross‐sectional study of healthcare service provision, patient attitudes, and opinions
Authors: Hatamleh Muhanad Moh'd , Hatamlah Heba Mohammad , Nuseir Amjad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeDigital technologies are continuously improving the accuracy and quality of maxillofacial prosthetics, but their impact on patients remains unclear. This cross‐sectional study aimed to analyze the impact of facial prosthetics service provision, patients’ perception, and digital technology on prostheses construction.Materials and MethodsAll patients who presented for evaluation and management of facial defects between January 2021 and December 2021 at the ENT clinic were eligible for study enrollment. Patients requiring prosthetic reconstruction of their missing facial parts were included in the study. Forty‐five questionnaires were delivered, inquiring about the patients’ prosthetic demographics, prosthesis manufacture using 3D technologies, and their perceptions and attitudes.ResultsA total of 37 patients responded (29 males, eight females; mean age 20.50 years). The congenital cause was the highest among other causes (p = 0.001) with auricular defects being the highest (p = 0.001). A total of 38 prostheses were constructed and 17 prostheses were retained by 36 craniofacial implants (p = 0.014). The auricular and orbital implants success rates were 97% and 25%, respectively. The implant locations were digitally planned pre‐operatively. Digital 3D technologies of defect capture, data designing, and 3D modeling were used and perceived as helpful and comfortable (p = 0.001). Patients perceived their prosthesis as easy to handle, suited them, and they felt confident with it (p = 0.001). They wore it for more than 12 h daily (p = 0.001). They were not worried that it would be noticed, and found it comfortable and stable during various activities (p = 0.001). Implant‐retained prosthesis patients were more satisfied with it, and found it easy to handle and stable (p = 0.001).ConclusionsCongenital defects are the main cause of facial defects in the study country. The overall acceptance of maxillofacial prostheses was good, showing high patient perception and satisfaction. Ocular and implant‐retained silicone prostheses are better handled, more stable, and the latter is more satisfying than traditional adhesive prostheses. Digital technologies save time and effort invested in manufacturing facial prostheses.
Measuring the rate of psychological growth and examining its antecedents: A growth curve modeling approach
Authors: Yu Shi , Zhang Fengjiao , Little Todd D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionHumanistic psychologists have conceptualized a tendency among humans to experience continual open‐ended psychological growth. This study aims to measure the rate at which one grows psychologically using a novel growth curve modeling approach that addresses previous limitations. We also examine the effects of nine potential contributors to growth identified from the literature.MethodThroughout the freshman year, 556 college students responded six times. Increments of growth were added up to create cumulative growth, which was then fit to a growth curve model to produce an estimate of the growth rate. The growth rate was then regressed on the Time 1 predictors to examine their unique effects.ResultsModels fit well. Five predictors significantly predicted the growth rate after controlling for the average of other predictors. When all predictors were entered simultaneously, three predictors (hope, meaning, and personal growth initiative) showed significant unique effects. The growth rate predicted well‐being and satisfaction at Time 6.ConclusionWe successfully measured the rate of psychological growth and examined its antecedents. Follow‐up analyses suggested that the predictors not showing unique effects may indirectly predict growth rates via the proximal role of the three significant predictors, an idea that awaits future corroboration using within‐individual designs.
Capturing product/service improvement ideas from social media based on lead user theory
Authors: Yin Chang , Jiang Cuiqing , Jain Hemant K. , Liu Yao , Chen Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCapturing valuable product/service improvement ideas is helpful for the development of new features. However, the existing methods for capturing such improvement ideas have the disadvantages of high cost, long time lag, information overload, and difficulty in getting a response. We propose an innovative framework based on lead user theory for capturing product/service improvement ideas from user‐generated content on social media (henceforth called “chatter”). To identify the chatter containing improvement ideas, we design a machine‐learning‐based imbalanced classification model. Additionally, we use text summarization technology to get a rough sense of improvement ideas from the selected chatter. We validate the proposed framework by a case study in the automotive industry. The results demonstrate that the ideas extracted by our framework are breakthrough innovative, useful, feasible, and adoptable.
Tackling grand societal challenges: Understanding when and how reverse engineering fosters frugal product innovation in an emerging market
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Gyensare Michael Asiedu , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Akhtar Pervaiz , Hussain Nazim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocieties are confronted with grand challenges that require the efforts and coordination of diverse stakeholders. In this context, the role of for‐profit organizations has become vital in addressing such challenges. Drawing on the strategy tripod perspective, this study investigated the influence of reverse engineering on frugal product‐innovation performance (PIP) through the mediating effect of frugal innovation (i.e., cost innovation, and affordable value innovation). In addition, we examined the moderating impact of the industry environment (i.e., technological turbulence) and institutional context (i.e., legal inefficiency) on this relationship. We tested our hypotheses using time‐lagged data from 243 small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging economy—Ghana. Results from our analyses show that several of our hypotheses are supported which offers important implications for the indirect impact of reverse engineering on frugal product‐innovation performance in the context of resource‐constrained emerging markets. These findings extend the grand challenges, strategy, and innovation literature.
Relational legal consciousness in the one-child nation
Authors: Liu Qian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article draws from a qualitative study of people's responses to China's population control policies to analyze the relational formation of legal consciousness within and across different types of relationships. It demonstrates that our expectations of others and theirs of us regarding how to respond to law change significantly when we situate ourselves in different types of relationships. The fluid boundaries of relationships in Chinese society also make it essential to think and plan relationally and holistically across different types of relationships to come up with strategies to resist or comply with the law. During this process of relational formation of legal consciousness, law interacts with and reshapes social norms to determine the (un)availability of alternative mechanisms based on the individual's social and financial status.
Metformin synergistically enhances the antitumour activity of Lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma by altering AKT‐FOXO3 signalling pathway
Authors: Cheng Yizhe , Zhan Ping , Lu Jing , Lu Yuyan , Luo Changhong , Cen Xuesong , Wang Fuqiang , Xie Chengrong , Yin Zhenyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsLenvatinib is a first‐line drug commonly used in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its clinical efficacy is very limited due to drug resistance. Therefore, there is a great need to explore its combination with other agents to achieve better therapeutic effects. Metformin has been demonstrated to show an anti‐cancer effect. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of lenvatinib with metformin in HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo and elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms.MethodsFlow cytometry, colony formation, CCK‐8 and transwell assays were used to study the effect of Lenvatinib–Metformin combination on the malignant behaviour of HCC cells in vitro. Constructing an animal model of tumour‐bearing to study the effect of combined drugs on HCC in vivo. Western blot experiments were performed to assess the relationship between AKT and FOXO3 and the cellular translocation of FOXO3.ResultsOur results suggested that Lenvatinib and Metformin synergistically inhibited HCC growth and motility. Mechanistically, the combination of Lenvatinib and Metformin synergistically suppressed the activation of the AKT signalling pathway, which in turn reduced the phosphorylation level of downstream effector FOXO3 and induced its nuclear aggregation. In vivo studies further confirmed the synergistic suppression of lenvatinib with metformin in HCC growth.ConclusionThe Lenvatinib–Metformin combination may provide a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the prognosis of HCC patients.
Perinatal care and breastfeeding education during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Perspectives from Kenyan mothers and healthcare workers
Authors: Ickes Scott B. , Lemein Hellen , Arensen Kelly , Kinyua Joyceline , Denno Donna M. , Sanders Hannah K. , Walson Judd L. , Martin Stephanie L. , Nduati Ruth , Palmquist Aunchalee E. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on breastfeeding (BF) practices in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is not well understood. Modifications in BF guidelines and delivery platforms for breastfeeding education during the COVID‐19 pandemic are hypothesised to have affected BF practices. We aimed to understand the experiences with perinatal care, BF education and practice among Kenyan mothers who delivered infants during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We conducted in‐depth key informant interviews with 45 mothers who delivered infants between March 2020 and December 2021, and 26 health care workers (HCW) from four health facilities in Naivasha, Kenya. While mothers noted that HCWs provided quality care and BF counselling, individual BF counselling was cited to be less frequent than before the pandemic due to altered conditions in health facilities and COVID‐19 safety protocols. Mothers stated that some HCW messages emphasised the immunologic importance of BF. However, knowledge among mothers about the safety of BF in the context of COVID‐19 was limited, with few participants reporting specific counselling or educational materials on topics such as COVID‐19 transmission through human milk and the safety of nursing during a COVID‐19 infection. Mothers described COVID‐19‐related income loss and lack of support from family and friends as the major challenge to practising exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) as they wished or planned. COVID‐19 restrictions limited or prevented mothers’ access to familial support at facilities and at home, causing them stress and fatigue. In some cases, mothers reported job loss, time spent seeking new means of employment and food insecurity as causes for milk insufficiency, which contributed to mixed feeding before 6 months. The COVID‐19 pandemic created changes to the perinatal experience for mothers. While messages about the importance of practising EBF were provided, altered HCW education delivery methods, reduced social support and food insecurity limit EBF practices for mothers in this context.
An island ‘endemic’ born out of hybridization between introduced lineages
Authors: Salter Jessie F. , Brumfield Robb T. , Faircloth Brant C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHumans have profoundly impacted the distribution of plant and animal species over thousands of years. The most direct example of these effects is human‐mediated movement of individuals, either through translocation of individuals within their range or through the introduction of species to new habitats. While human involvement may be suspected in species with obvious range disjunctions, it can be difficult to detect natural versus human‐mediated dispersal events for populations at the edge of a species' range, and this uncertainty muddles how we understand the evolutionary history of populations and broad biogeographical patterns. Studies combining genetic data with archaeological, linguistic and historical evidence have confirmed prehistoric examples of human‐mediated dispersal; however, it is unclear whether these methods can disentangle recent dispersal events, such as species translocated by European colonizers during the past 500 years. We use genomic DNA from historical museum specimens and historical records to evaluate three hypotheses regarding the timing and origin of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) in Cuba, whose status as an endemic or introduced population has long been debated. We discovered that bobwhites from southern Mexico arrived in Cuba between the 12th and 16th centuries, followed by the subsequent introduction of bobwhites from the southeastern USA to Cuba between the 18th and 20th centuries. These dates suggest the introduction of bobwhites to Cuba was human‐mediated and concomitant with Spanish colonial shipping routes between Veracruz, Mexico and Havana, Cuba during this period. Our results identify endemic Cuban bobwhites as a genetically distinct population born of hybridization between divergent, introduced lineages.
Increased number and domain of interlaminar astrocytes in layer I of the temporal cortex in epilepsy
Authors: Zhou Nan , Fan Zhen , Tong Yusheng , Xiao Xing , Xie Yongsheng , Qi Zengxin , Chen Liang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe functions of the interlaminar astrocytes in layer I of the human cortex are currently unknown. Here, we aimed to explore whether there is any morphological remodelling of interlaminar astrocytes in layer I of the temporal cortex in epilepsy.MethodsTissues were obtained from 17 epilepsy surgery patients and 17 post‐mortem age‐matched controls. In addition, 10 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 10 age‐matched controls were used as the disease control group. Paraffin sections (6 μm) and frozen sections (35 or 150 μm) of inferior temporal gyrus tissue were used for immunohistochemistry. With the use of tissue transparency, 3D reconstruction and hierarchical clustering, we performed a quantitative morphological analysis of astrocytes.ResultsUpper and lower zones were identified in layer I of the human cortex. Compared with the astrocytes in layers IV–V, layer I interlaminar astrocytes occupied a significantly smaller volume and exhibited shorter and fewer process intersections. Increased Chaslin's gliosis (consisting of types I and II subpial interlaminar astrocytes) and number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐immunoreactive interlaminar astrocytes in layer I of the temporal cortex were confirmed in patients with epilepsy. There was no difference in the number of interlaminar astrocytes in layer I between AD and age‐matched control groups. Using tissue transparency and 3D reconstruction technology, the astrocyte domain in the human temporal cortex was classified into four clusters, among which the interlaminar astrocytes in cluster II were more abundant in epilepsy, showing specific topological structures in patients with epilepsy. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the astrocyte domain of interlaminar cells in layer I of the temporal cortex in patients with epilepsy.ConclusionThe observed significant astrocytic structural remodelling in the temporal cortex of epilepsy patients showed that the astrocyte domain in layer I may play an important role in temporal lobe epilepsy.