bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Policy Mixes are Needed to Cope with Agricultural Water Demands Under Climate Change
Authors: Martínez-Valderrama Jaime , Olcina Jorge , Delacámara Gonzalo , Guirado Emilio , Maestre Fernando T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe divergence between agricultural water use and the annual supply of water resources (water gap) has been increasing for decades. The forecast is that this water gap will continue to widen, compromising the water security of a large share of the global population. On the one hand, the increase in demand is attributed to an ever-growing population that, in addition, is adopting a high-water consumption per capita lifestyle (e.g., meat-rich diet, increased use of biofuels and of irrigated agriculture). On the other hand, climate change is increasing aridification and the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of precipitation worldwide. The water gap is particularly acute in drylands, where development and food security has been based on the massive exploitation of water resources, particularly groundwater. Here we analyze the mechanisms underlying this water gap, which is mainly driven by water use in agriculture, and suggest suitable solutions that can help to close it. Using causal diagrams, we show how population generates different demands that create a water gap that prevailing supply-side solutions cannot close. Indeed, it has been widening over the years because water consumption has grown exponentially. This behaviour is explained by a series of mechanisms that it is necessary to understand to realize the complexity of water scarcity problems. For solving the water gap, we propose and exemplify eight lines of action that can be combined and tailored to each territory. Our analyses corroborate the urgent need to plan an integral management of water resources to avoid widespread scenarios of water scarcity under future climatic conditions.
Costs-benefit Analysis for the use of Shallow Groundwater as non-conventional Water Resource
Authors: Marchioni Mariana , Raimondi Anita , Di Chiano Maria Gloria , Sanfilippo Umberto , Mambretti Stefano , Becciu Gianfranco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEncouraging the implementation of non-conventional water resources (NCWR) is a fundamental strategy to face the future challenges due to urban population growth and resource scarcity. The implementation of a systematic process of Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) offers reliable economic indicators to support decision makers in taking actions shifting towards NCWR. While infrastructure costs are directly estimated, while the benefits depend upon the considered stakeholders and require a tough estimation of the achieved ecosystem services. This research provides a framework for CBA analysis adopting NCWR at municipal level. The framework has been then applied to two case studies in Milan focused on the exploitation of shallow groundwater, where the obtained economic indicators has stressed out the importance of considering a complete benefits analysis that could support incentive policies on shifting part of the financial benefits to direct users leading to benefits for the whole community.
The potential of swimming pool rinsing water for irrigation of green areas: a case study
Authors: Poćwiardowski Wojciech 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of the research was to check the possibility of using the rinsing water after rinsing the recreational pool filters, cleaned with the rinse water recovery system, for irrigation of green areas. The system consists of the following stages: flocculation, pre-filtration, and ultrafiltration based on filter tubes. The degree of contamination of the rinse waters before and after the treatment process was assessed by means of physicochemical and microbiological tests, and then compared with the permissible parameter values for wastewater discharged into the ground or water. Thanks to the use of flocculation and appropriate ultrafiltration, the high level of total suspended solids and total organic carbon was reduced, which allows for safe discharge of purified water into the environment.
Graphical Abstract
Circular economy, wash water, zero waste technologies, water footprint, water recycling
Forecasting accuracy of machine learning and linear regression: evidence from the secondary CAT bond market
Authors: Götze Tobias , Gürtler Marc , Witowski Eileen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe main challenge in empirical asset pricing is forecasting the future value of assets traded in financial markets with a high level of accuracy. Because machine learning methods can model relationships between explanatory and dependent variables based on complex, non-linear, and/or non-parametric structures, it is not surprising that machine learning approaches have shown promising forecasting results and significantly outperform traditional regression methods. Corresponding results were achieved for CAT bond premia forecasts in the primary market. However, since secondary market data sets have a panel data structure, it is unclear whether the results of primary market studies can be applied to the secondary market. Against this background, this study aims to build the first out-of-sample forecasting model for CAT bond premia in the secondary market, comparing different modeling approaches. We apply random forest and neural networks as representatives of machine learning methods and linear regression based on a comprehensive data set of CAT bond issues and across various forecasting settings and show that random forest forecasts are significantly more precise. Because the lack of transparency of machine learning methods may limit their applicability, especially for institutional investors, we show ways to identify important variables in the context of random forest price forecasting.
Digitalization as a problem or solution? Charting the path for research on sustainable information systems
Authors: Veit Daniel J. , Thatcher Jason B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDigitalization has permeated all aspects of human lives, economies, and societies. This transformation has been driven by the rapid growth in computing power, storage capabilities, and data transmission infrastructures. These changes have enabled innovations, such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, smartphones, digitalized homes, (semi) autonomous vehicles, quantum computing, and more. Digitalization has further resulted in faster, more effective service delivery by many organizations. The phenomenon of digitalization relies on an increasingly finite supply of resources, such as crude oil, silicon, and energy. Over the past 150 years, humans have consumed as many natural resources as they have consumed in the past 20,000 years. In part, this increasing clip of consumption has been driven by digitalization, as novel, technology-based solutions, such as blockchain, supplant older, slower low-tech solutions, such as books and ledgers, to process data and create value. Digitalization’s demand for resources may be leading us to an environmental abyss. Consider cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, whose electricity consumption is approximately equal to the energy needs of small nations such as Malaysia or Sweden. Such consumption evokes the question, is, “is more digitalization really better, or given the harm to the planet, is this one context where less is more?”. In this paper, we develop a research agenda for understanding the full cost of digitalization and its impact on sustainability. We do so in three parts; first, we offer a crisp definition of sustainability; second, we offer a concise review of the digitalization and sustainability literature; and third, we offer suggestions for research that advances our understanding of how digitalization impacts sustainability.
Internal whistleblowing systems without proper sanctions may backfire
Authors: Krügel Sebastian , Uhl Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInternal whistleblowing systems are supposed to fight misconduct within organizations. Because it is difficult to study their efficacy in the field, scientific evidence on their performance is rare. This is problematic, because these systems bind substantial resources and might generate the erroneous impression of compliance in a company in which misconduct is prevalent. We therefore suggest a versatilely extendable experimental workhorse that allows the systematic study of internal whistleblowing systems in the lab. As a first step, we tested the efficacy of whistleblowing systems if internal punishment for misconduct is mild and hesitant which is usually the case in practice, as several fraud surveys confirm. Our results show that under these conditions almost nobody blew the whistle, and misconduct occurred even more frequently with than without a whistleblowing system. The institutionalization of whistleblowing seemed to crowd out the intrinsic motivation to act compliantly. Moreover, when a whistleblowing system was either unavailable or not used, misconduct was highly contagious and spread quickly. Yet, when we implemented severe and ensured punishment for misconduct, whistleblowing systems could deter wrongdoing. In such a setting, people were willing to blow the whistle and the prevalence of misconduct dropped substantially. Altogether, our results highlight the interaction between institutions and preferences and can support the design of compliance measures within organizations. For compliance managers a key takeaway is that if companies preach a zero-tolerance policy, they should practice it as well. Otherwise, they might even worsen the situation.
Democracy, Agony, and Rupture: A Critique of Climate Citizens’ Assemblies
Authors: Machin Amanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStymied by preoccupation with short-term interests of individualist consumers, democratic institutions seem unable to generate sustained political commitment for tackling climate change. The citizens’ assembly (CA) is promoted as an important tool in combatting this “democratic myopia.” The aim of a CA is to bring together a representative group of citizens and experts from diverse backgrounds to exchange their different insights and perspectives on a complex issue. By providing the opportunity for inclusive democratic deliberation, the CA is expected to educate citizens, stimulate awareness of complex issues, and produce enlightened and legitimate policy recommendations. However, critical voices warn about the simplified and celebratory commentary surrounding the CA. Informed by agonistic and radical democratic theory, this paper elaborates on a particular concern, which is the orientation toward consensus in the CA. The paper points to the importance of disagreement in the form of both agony (from inside) and rupture (from outside) that, it is argued, is crucial for a democratic, engaging, passionate, creative, and representative sustainability politics.
The Interfacial Phenomena Between Graphene on Cu Substrate Covered by Ni, Cu, or W Layer, with Liquid Ga-Sn-Zn Alloy
Authors: Gancarz Tomasz , Ozga Piotr , Pstruś Janusz , Świątek Zbigniew , Czaja Paweł , Dybeł Aleksandra , Berent Katarzyna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo obtain better parameters of wetting and interfacial properties, the Cu substrate was covered by graphene. The first experiment showed that the liquid metal mechanically destroys the graphene layer. Therefore, the Ni, Cu, or W layer was sputtered to secure the graphene. The obtained graphene was examined by micro-Raman spectrometry. The thickness of the Cu, Ni, or W layer was ~ 25 nm, compared to previous work, where the thickness of the Ni-W electrochemically deposited layer varied from 8-10 μm. To observe changes at the interface, the experiments were performed with Ga-Sn-Zn eutectic alloy using the sessile drop method at temperatures of 100, 150, and 250 °C long-time contact of 1, 10, or 30 days. Atomic force microscopy was used to show the topology of obtained samples. The microstructure observation of the cross-sectioned samples was made by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The x-ray diffraction was conducted to identify occurring phases at the interface from the Cu-Ga system. The investigation showed that such a very thin Ni, Cu, or W layer is not sufficient to protect the Cu substrate from a reaction with liquid metals such as eutectic Ga-Sn-Zn, which can be used in cooling systems. The performed XRD analysis and microstructure observations show the occurring CuGa2 phase at the interface and dissolution of the Cu substrate in molten alloy with increasing temperature and time. The interfacial CuGa2 phase grows very slowly at annealing temperatures below 150 °C for the graphene/Ni and graphene/W coatings. Therefore, these coatings can be used to protect a copper substrate in cooling electronic devices.
In vitro shoot regeneration from leaves of Pyrus communis L. rootstock and cultivars
Authors: Ricci Angela , Mezzetti Bruno , Navacchi Oriano , Sabbadini Silvia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe influence of TDZ on adventitious shoot regeneration from leaves of the pear cultivars Conference and Abate Fétel, and the rootstock Farold®87 was investigated. Our main aim was to set up efficient in vitro regeneration protocols for all these pear genotypes by using expanding leaves from elongated shoot cultures as starting plant material. Our best results in terms of percentage of regeneration were achieved by using half-strength Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 1 μM NAA, combined with 13.5 μM TDZ for Conference (87.3%) and Farold®87 (53.3%), and 9 μM TDZ for Abate Fétel (68%). The impact on leaf organogenesis of the antibiotics timentin, cefotaxime, and carbenicillin, alone or in combination, usually used for the control of Agrobacterium overgrowth, and of kanamycin, commonly used for the selection of putatively transformed plants, were also evaluated to be exploited in future transformation trials. In general, the use of carbenicillin (475 mM), cefotaxime/carbenicillin (210/238 mM) and cefotaxime (630 mM) did not negatively affect the regeneration efficiency of Conference, Abate Fétel and Farold®87, respectively. The use of 4 μM kanamycin should be suitable to select transformed shoots from Abate Fétel and Farold®87 leaves, while a lower concentration or a different selection strategy should be applied for Conference. We report new regeneration and selection protocols usable for the application of new biotechnologies in the genetic improvement of pear cultivars and rootstocks.
Multiplicative, Non-Newtonian Viscoelasticity Models for Rubber Materials and Brain Tissues: Numerical Treatment and Comparative Studies
Authors: Ricker Alexander , Gierig Meike , Wriggers Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn many aspects, elastomers and soft biological tissues exhibit similar mechanical properties such as a pronounced nonlinear stress–strain relation and a viscoelastic response to external loads. Consequently, many models use the same rheological framework and material functions to capture their behavior. The viscosity function is thereby often assumed to be constant and the corresponding free energy function follows that one of the long-term equilibrium response. This work questions this assumption and presents a detailed study on non-Newtonian viscosity functions for elastomers and brain tissues. The viscosity functions are paired with several commonly used free energy functions and fitted to two different types of elastomers and brain tissues in cyclic and relaxation experiments, respectively. Having identified suitable viscosity and free energy functions for the different materials, numerical aspects of viscoelasticity are addressed. From the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient and ensuring a non-negative dissipation rate, four equivalent viscoelasticity formulations are derived that employ different internal variables. Using an implicit exponential map as time integration scheme, the numerical behavior of these four formulations are compared among each other and numerically robust candidates are identified. The fitting results demonstrate that non-Newtonian viscosity functions significantly enhance the fitting quality. It is shown that the choice of a viscosity function is even more important than the choice of a free energy function and the classical neo-Hooke approach is often a sufficient choice. Furthermore, the numerical investigations suggest the superiority of two of the four viscoelasticity formulations, especially when complex finite element simulations are to be conducted.
Advances in the Rehabilitation of Hemispatial Inattention
Authors: Singh Neena R. , Leff Alexander P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
There continue to be a plethora of approaches to the rehabilitation of hemispatial inattention, from different forms of sensory stimulation (visual, auditory and somatosensory feedback), through all major modes of non-invasive brain stimulation to drug therapies. Here we summarise trials published in the years 2017–2022 and tabulate their effect sizes, with the aim of drawing on common themes that may serve to inform future rehabilitative studies.

Recent Findings
Immersive virtual reality approaches to visual stimulation seem well tolerated, although they have yet to yield any clinically relevant improvements. Dynamic auditory stimulation looks very promising and has high potential for implementation. Robotic interventions are limited by their cost and are perhaps best suited to patients with a co-occurring hemiparesis. Regarding brain stimulation, rTMS continues to demonstrate moderate effects but tDCS studies have yielded disappointing results so far. Drugs, primarily aimed at the dopaminergic system, often demonstrate beneficial effects of a medium size, but as with many of the approaches, it seems difficult to predict responders and non-responders.

Summary
Our main recommendation is that researchers consider incorporating single-case experimental designs into their studies as rehabilitation trials are likely to remain small in terms of patient numbers, and this is the best way to deal with all the factors that cause large between-subject heterogeneity.
A Review of Current and Evolving Imaging Techniques in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Khedraki Rola , Robinson Austin A. , Jordan Timothy , Grodin Justin L. , Mohan Rajeev C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose of review
Establishing an early, efficient diagnosis for cardiac amyloid (CA) is critical to avoiding adverse outcomes. We review current imaging tools that can aid early diagnosis, offer prognostic information, and possibly track treatment response in CA.

Recent findings
There are several current conventional imaging modalities that aid in the diagnosis of CA including electrocardiography, echocardiography, bone scintigraphy, cardiac computed tomography (CT), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Advanced imaging techniques including left atrial and right ventricular strain, and CMR T1 and T2 mapping as well as ECV quantification may provide alternative non-invasive means for diagnosis, more granular prognostication, and the ability to track treatment response.

Summary
Leveraging a multimodal imaging toolbox is integral to the early diagnosis of CA; however, it is important to understand the unique role and limitations posed by each modality. Ongoing studies are needed to help identify imaging markers that will lead to an enhanced ability to diagnose, subtype and manage this condition.
The role of legal medicine professionals in preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections among female victims of sexual assault
Authors: Yesodharan Renjulal , Kamath Pratibha , Renjith Vishnu , Krishnan Nirmal M. , Senarathne Udara Dilrukshi , Sasidharan Suja Kumari , Jose Tessy Treesa , Nayak Vinod C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSexual violence can have an overwhelming impact on the victim’s physical and mental health; the consequences include unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, the examiners must assess victims for possible pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections as a part of the sexual assault examination. This article aims to orient the medico-legal examiners towards their role in preventing unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections among victims of sexual assault. Prompt detection of pregnancy or STIs is critical, as any delay would adversely affect the successful administration of emergency contraception and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections.
O is for Awesome: National Survey of New Zealand School-Based Well-being and Mental Health Interventions
Authors: Thabrew Hiran , Biro Robert , Kumar Harshali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough student well-being and mental health are government-identified responsibilities for New Zealand schools, the extent to which school-based well-being and mental health interventions are currently delivered is unknown. This survey of a nationally representative sample of schools was undertaken to identify: what well-being and mental health interventions are currently used by primary (elementary) and secondary (high) schools; what gaps exist between current practice and the evidence base; what ideas staff have for improving student well-being and mental health; and what barriers staff can identify for implementing evidence-based interventions and suggestions for how these may be overcome. Forty staff from 37 (22 primary, 13 secondary and 2 composite) schools participated in semi-structured interviews. Seven key themes were identified: (1) awareness and enthusiasm about student well-being and mental health; (2) existence of specific interventions to support student well-being and mental health; (3) support for government-sponsored programmes; (4) limitations of existing programmes; (5) drivers of new interventions; (6) perceived barriers to the implementation of new interventions; and (7) suggestions for future interventions and their implementation. Currently, a wide range of primarily non-evidence based well-being and mental health interventions are delivered in a variable manner by school-based and external providers. Despite current enthusiasm by schools, there is room for improvement in the quality and equity of intervention delivery.
A quarry for the construction of a Roman camp next to the Celtiberian city of Deza during the Sertorian Wars (Soria, Spain)
Authors: Pérez Eugenio Sanz , Alcalde Vicente Alejandre , Álvarez Antonio A. Arcos , Bazán Angela Moreno , de Ojeda Álvaro Sanz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThrough an interdisciplinary investigation, a hastily exploited individual quarry of limestone is studied. The quarry was made all at once for the construction of a nearby military camp to improve the defence of a remarkable Celtiberian city during the Sertorian Wars. This is a perfect Roman military engineering project: on the one hand, the geological deposit was exploited selectively, differentiating the areas of extraction of large and small blocks of stone, according to the needs of the work. On the other hand, the material was transported by means of small roads along a carefully studied and laid out road of about 600 m in length and of clear Roman origin. The archaeological evidence shows the existence of a large camp that, according to previous surveys, adopts the known classical models of rectangular plans and the typology of Roman construction. In the camp environment, there are enough scattered remains that seem to point to a battlefield. All this indicates the importance of the primitive Celtiberian settlement, which is justified by an analysis of the territory by the existence of springs of high guarantee for human water supply, livestock and irrigation. The existence of silver mines is another added economic value. Due to the predominance in the monetary findings of the mint ofTitiakos, the possibility is raised that the Celtiberian city was linked to the ethnic group of the Titos indicating their active participation during the Sertorian Wars.