bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updates on the Interactions of Herbs Constituents with Cytochrome P450
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Zaroug Elwaleed Elamin Hassan , Albashir Tarig Omer Ahmed , Arbab Ahmed Hassan , Mudawi Mahmoud Mudawi Eltahir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are the main drug-metabolizing enzyme, and their activity is influenced
by numerous factors, including several plants’ constituents. Herbal products mediated induction
or inhibition of cytochrome P450 leads to a change in drug metabolism and consequently, drug bioavailability,
safety, therapeutic efficacy, and herb-drug interaction. Since herbal preparations are commonly
used either alone or concomitantly with conventional drugs, understanding the interactions of
plant constituents with cytochrome P450 is crucial. Therefore, this review highlighted plants with significant
inhibition, induction, or modulatory /contradictory effects on human and animal cytochrome
P450 enzymes. An extensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google
Scholar databases to identify relevant literature. About sixty medicinal plants with significant interaction
with cytochrome P450 isoforms were summarized with their common uses and affected cytochrome
P450 enzyme isoforms. Besides, representative examples of plant constituents and other factors
contributing to plant-induced cytochrome P450 modulation and possible herb-drug interactions were also
discussed in this review.
The Effect of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Paracetamol-induced Liver Injury
in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Damayanti Irma Putri , Susilaningsih Neni , Nugroho Trilaksana , Suhartono Suhartono , Suryono Suryono , Susanto Hardhono , Suwondo Ari , Mahati Endang 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Curcumin is a naturally occurring compound that has antioxidant properties,
acts as a hepatoprotective, and lowers lipid peroxidation. However, curcumin's low solubility and bioavailability
are its primary drawbacks and prevent its use as a therapeutic agent. In this study, curcumin
nanoparticles will be created using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and their effectiveness
against paracetamol-induced changes in ALT, AST, SOD, MDA, and TNF-α will be compared to that
of pure curcumin.

Purpose:
This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin nanoparticles in paracetamol-
induced rats as a model for liver injury.

Methods:
Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 6 to 8 weeks, with a minimum weight of 120 grams, were
used in an experimental laboratory investigation with a post-test-only group design. Rats in each group
received 100 mg/kgBW pure curcumin, 100 mg/kgBW curcumin nanoparticles, and 50 mg/kgBW curcumin
nanoparticles for 7 days before paracetamol induction. On day 8, 300 mg/kgBW of paracetamol
was intraperitoneally injected to cause liver damage. One of the groups received NAC as an antidote 10
hours after paracetamol induction. Detection of ALT and AST using a Chemistry Analyzer. ELISA approach
for the detection of SOD, MDA, and TNF-α. The Roenigk score was calculated by two examiners
after the liver histopathology preparations were stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Post
hoc analyses were performed after the One Way Annova and Kruskal Wallis tests to examine the data.

Results:
According to PSA results, the smallest formula that formed curcumin nanoparticles (10.2 nm)
was 8 g of curcumin formula mixed with a mixture of Tween 20 4.5 ml, Kolliphor EL 1.5 ml, Propylene
Glycol 1.5 ml, and Capryol 90 1 ml for 21 minutes using an ultrasonic process. MDA and TNF-α levels,
as well as the liver's histological Roenigk score, were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB pure curcumin
group (C100) when compared to the model group (model). The levels of AST, MDA, TNF-α,
and the liver histopathology score were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB (NC100) and 50
mg/kgBB (NC50) curcumin nanoparticle groups compared to the model group (model) and pure curcumin
group (C100) (p< 0.05).
Survey on the Techniques for Classification and Identification of Brain
Tumour Types from MRI Images Using Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: K. Gayathri Devi , Balasubramanian Kishore 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
A tumour is an uncontrolled growth of tissues in any part of the body. Tumours are of
different types and characteristics and have different treatments. Detection of a tumour in the earlier
stages makes the treatment easier. Scientists and researchers have been working towards developing
sophisticated techniques and methods for identifying the form and stage of tumours. This
paper provides a systematic literature survey of techniques for brain tumour segmentation and classification
of abnormality and normality from MRI images based on different methods including
deep learning techniques. This survey covers publicly available datasets, enhancement techniques,
segmentation, feature extraction, and the classification of three different types of brain tumours
that include gliomas, meningioma, and pituitary and deep learning algorithms implemented for
brain tumour analysis. Finally, this survey provides all the important literature on the detection of
brain tumours with their developments.
Persepsi guru bahasa Indonesia SMA terhadap penilaian literasi membaca berbasis keterampilan aras tinggi
Authors: Wahyudi Diki , Ristanti Widya , Suwandi Sarwiji 
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi wacana diberlakukannya kurikulum prototipe di semua jenjang, baik jenjang sekolah dasar maupun sekolah menengah. Ciri khas pembelajaran dan penilaian pada kurikulum tersebut ialah pembelajaran berbasis literasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis persepsi Guru Bahasa Indonesia SMA terhadap penilaian literasi membaca berbasis keterampilan berpikir aras tinggi (higher order thinking skill/ HOTS). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus eksploratif. Fokus penelitian terhadap penilaian literasi membaca berbasis keterampilan berfikir aras tinggi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket semi terbuka dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Guru Bahasa Indonesia SMA di Kota Surakarta sudah menyadari pentingnya literasi membaca untuk dibelajarkan, guru juga sudah mengintegrasikan literasi membaca dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, guru sudah menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis keterampilan aras tinggi, dan dalam hal penilaian guru sudah menerapkan penilaian literasi membaca berbasis keterampilan aras tinggi. Dengan demikian, penilaian literasi membaca berbasis keterampilan berpikir aras tinggi sudah diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran, khususnya pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMA di Kota Surakarta.Kata kunci: persepsi guru, penilaian, literasi membaca, keterampilan berpikir aras tinggi, HOTS PERCEPTIONS OF HIGH SCHOOL INDONESIAN TEACHERS TOWARDS READING LITERACY ASSESSMENT BASED ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLAbstractThis research is motivated by the discourse of the implementation of the prototype curriculum at all levels, both elementary and high school levels. The hallmark of learning and assessment in the curriculum is literacy-based learning. This study aims to analyze the perception of Indonesian high school teachers on reading literacy assessments based on higher order thinking skills (HOTS). This research method uses descriptive qualitative analysis with an exploratory case study approach. The focus of the research is on the assessment of reading literacy based on high-level thinking skills. Data collection techniques used semi-open questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study show that Indonesian high school teachers in Surakarta City have realized the importance of reading literacy to be taught, teachers have also integrated reading literacy in Indonesian language learning, teachers have implemented high-level skills-based learning, and in terms of teacher assessments have implemented reading literacy assessments based on high level skills. Thus, an assessment of reading literacy based on high-level thinking skills has been implemented in learning, especially learning Indonesian in SMA in Surakarta City.Keywords: teacher perception, assessment, reading literacy, high order thinking skills, HOTS
Coping with emotions in professional lives: Novice teachers’ voices in Indonesian secondary schools
Authors: Limeranto Jeane Theresia , Kuswandono Paulus 
Published: June 2023

Novice teachers often encountered some challenges in their professional work that might influence their emotions. It is quite reasonable that some EFL novice teachers may still struggle to manage their negative emotions to cope with classroom problems. Some emotions could be freely expressed positively, whereas other emotions were left unexpressed for some reasons. This study aimed to answer two research questions, namely: (1) what kinds of emotions do novice teachers frequently experience in teaching? (2) How do novice EFL teachers cope with their emotions in professional life? This study employed a qualitative method and carried out semi-structured interviews to gain in-depth data from the participants' perspectives in dealing with their emotions. The instruments employed were interview-guidelines questions and open-ended questions. The result of the present study revealed that, first, all novice teachers frequently experienced two main challenges in teaching, namely students’ misbehaviours and disrespectful behaviours. These challenges could influence teachers' emotions of anger, being overwhelmed, and worries. Second, the findings demonstrated that teachers employed three strategies, namely self-regulation, self-talk, and a problem-focused strategy to manage and handle their emotions in teaching. In addition, the present study suggested beneficial implications, limitations, and directions for further research. Keywords: Emotions, EFL Novice Teachers, and Strategies
Kekerasan dalam Pendidikan di Sekolah: Bentuk, Sebab, Dampak, dan Solusi
Authors: Fadhilah Awaliya Nur , Munjin  
Published: June 2023

Kekerasan tidak boleh terjadi dalam bidang apapun terutama dalam bidang pendidikan. Makna dari kekerasan dalam pendidikan adalah sebuah hukuman yang terasa bagi siswa sehingga siswa merasakan sakit, baik sakit secara fisik, ataupun sakit secara psikologis. Padahal inti dari pemberian hukuman yang mendidik adalah supaya timbul kesadaran siswa terhadap perilakunya yang salah dan berkomitmen tidak mengulangi kesalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengatahui bentuk kekerasan dalam pendidikan, penyebab kekerasan dalam pendidikan terjadi, dampak terjadinya kekerasan dalam pendidikan, dan solusi yang tepat untuk tindakan kekerasan dalam pendidikan di sekolah. Jenis penelitian yang di gunakan yaitu kajian pustaka. Dan dilakukan dengan membaca, menelaah serta menganalisis berbagai literatur yang ada, berupa jurnal dan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kekerasan dalam pendidikan masih terjadi hingga saat ini dan dapat berlangsung tanpa melihat lokasi kejadian, waktu kejadian dan pelaku kekerasan.
Content and practical application of the principle of proportionality in international law
Authors: Totskyi B. 
Published: June 2023

The presence of the principle of proportionality in separate branches of international law indicates that it affects its fundamental, ideological foundations and is related to international law as a whole. At the same time, despite the importance that the principle of proportionality has in international law, disputes regarding its content, the essence of the role of proportionality in theory and practice are still the subject of discussions. The article is devoted to the analysis of the practical application of the principle of proportionality in international law.
In the course of the conducted analysis, it was established that the principle of proportionality in international law manifests itself in various forms and contexts. At a time when it plays a decisive role in the protection of human rights, in certain areas of international law the principle does not have clear boundaries, and the possibility of applying the three-stage verification causes reasoned discussions. Like the principle of justice, the principle of proportionality does not involve the mechanical application of norms and rules, but is primarily aimed at achieving reasonable and fair results in each individual case.
It was established that the use of the principle of proportionality makes it impossible to refer to precedent judicial practice, since the result of its use depends on the specific context, existing circumstances and established factors. Basically, discussions about the application of the principle of proportionality revolve around spheres, the subjects of which disputes are not regulated by special agreements. This makes a uniform and simplified application of the principle of proportionality impossible, without canceling the need for its application. The above causes a general scientific interest in the peculiarities of the implementation of the principle in practice, namely: analysis of sanctions policy and reprisals in response to violations of international law; assessments of the role of proportionality in maritime disputes and disputes related to trade relations within the framework of the World Trade Organization, as well as bilateral protection of international investments; features of the application of the principle by arbitration courts and tribunals during the analysis of the actual circumstances of cases, etc.
Despite the fact that the principle of proportionality has significant potential, its main drawback remains the dependence on the evaluation judgments of the subjects who apply it in practice. A significant flaw in the implementation of the principle of proportionality lies in the definition of the independence and independence of international judicial and other bodies in international law, their material, financial and other dependence on different states (for example, on the position of the countries in which the headquarters of these structures are located); dependence of judges and arbitrators on the countries in which they live or whose citizens they are, etc.
The legal doctrine of natural law in the regulation of social relations based on the rule of law
Authors: Romanova A. 
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the philosophical and legal problems of the value aspects of the legal doctrine of the ideas of natural law in the regulation of social relations, which within the existing legal doctrines are designed to enrich the legal toolkit, to reveal the essential properties of law as a phenomenon.
It was found that the term «doctrine» in relation to legal and state understanding covers all essential properties and approaches to these phenomena. Relying on the scientific achievements of legal scholars, it is possible to find out the essence of law and the state, and later, to take this knowledge as a basis for law-making activities for the formation of legislation and for its full interpretation.
It is emphasized that, based on the statements of scientists, legal doctrine should be understood as a complete and harmonious system of principles, views, ideas, ideas, concepts, which forms the foundation of legal understanding, through which it has a direct influence on law-making and law enforcement.
It is noted that the essence of a person is to fully exist, to ensure his livelihood, without violating the rights and freedoms of other people, and to contribute to the restoration and preservation of peaceful and humane coexistence of mankind in the globalized space. Therefore, a person's right to life, to observe the principle of preserving human dignity and all the needs arising from this can be considered natural in the essence of a person.
The doctrine of natural law in no way opposes its ideas to the positivist approach, but on the contrary, allows to prevent the arbitrariness of norms adopted by the state regarding the honor and dignity of a person. The valuable aspects of the doctrine of natural law consist in the general human perception of natural-law norms as divine (for a believer), natural-physical laws of the construction of the universe (for materialists).
Responsibility for violation of the rules of financing a political party, election agitation or agitation of a referendum
Authors: Deshko L. , Bysaga Yu. 
Published: June 2023

The article emphasizes that political parties contribute to the formation and expression of the political will of citizens. Thanks to them, citizens of Ukraine can exercise their right to freely choose and be elected to state and local government bodies. A form of direct democracy, in addition to elections, is a referendum. Attention is focused on the fact that the financing of political parties, pre-election campaigning or referendum campaigning can be the tool that, in the presence of deficiencies in the current legislation regulating social relations that arise when giving or receiving a contribution to support a political party, or when receiving state funding of a statutory activities of a political party, or when providing or receiving financial (material) support for pre election campaigning or referendum campaigning, may be used to suppress the will of voters. Attention is also drawn to such a phenomenon as political corruption.
It is established that the fines for violating the rules of political party financing, pre-election campaigning or referendum campaigning are disproportionate to the amount of money that any political party receives and spends during elections. The consequence of this is that the amount of the fine fixed in the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, is not a safeguard against violations. The amount of money spent on political advertising and pre-election campaigning and the amount of fines for violating the rules of political financing are disproportionate. It is proposed to amend the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, applying an approach according to which the fine is 100% of the amount of illegal contributions or support received, but not less than 100 tax-free minimum incomes of citizens. If the reporting procedure is violated, the fine is at least 1,000 tax-free minimum incomes of citizens.
The shortcomings of the legislation of Ukraine consist in the fact that the provision of financial (material) support for campaigning or in favor of a political party is equated with the transfer of ownership; for criminal offenses characterized by a greater degree of public danger, fines are lower than for administrative violations. Ways to improve the current legislation of Ukraine are proposed, including, in Art. 159 1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is proposed to provide for such a sanction as confiscation of property.
The agreement on the emphytesis concerning land for agricultural needs and peculiarities of judicial protection of the parties to such agreement
Authors: Smolenko Ye. 
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the specifics of the normative and legal regulation of the contract of emphytheusis and its judicial practice, in which the right has a place, regarding the use of a plot of land for agricultural purposes.
In the scientific literature, there are several approaches to defining the concept of emphytheusis. In particular, it is considered that this is a contract of use, which establishes a land easement, and as the right to own and use someone else's land plot for personal needs.
It is an absolute fact that the current land legislation does not determine either the terms or the procedure for payment under the contract of emphyteussis. This means that the parties must determine these essential terms of the contract independently, which is essentially not only the duty, but also the right of the parties to such a contract. Failure to take into account and settlement or improper settlement of this issue may have negative consequences in the field of performance of such a contract.
It is these problematic issues that most often become the subject of their judicial review. Of course, the long-term duration of such contracts does not take into account the inflationary components of the increase in the normative monetary value of land, other force majeure circumstances or changes in legislation, etc.
These and other facts and circumstances definitely affect both proof and enforcement in the field of judicial protection of the rights of the parties to the emphytheusis contract. It is for these reasons that the author notes that judicial practice is not as unambiguous as it would be desirable. In this regard, the work examines the practice of the Supreme Court, which is essentially final in nature. At the same time, the work conducts a legal analysis of changes in the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of land use during the current state of war.
The author also analyzes the issue of the automatic extension of emphyteusis treaties, based on their termination after the introduction of martial law in Ukraine. In addition, the work draws attention to the presence of legislative gaps, which courts overcome at the expense of judicial law-making in the field of emphytheusis legal relations, in connection with which the author provides suggestions on ways to eliminate them.
The role of customs brokers in Ukrainian business
Authors: Bilenets D. , Vozniakovska K. 
Published: June 2023

The analysis of the regulatory and legal bases of the activity of customs brokers allows us to state that the constitutional and codified level of regulation of the activities of enterprises that provide intermediary services in the field of customs affairs is represented by general regulatory acts, that is, those that are intended for all subjects of entrepreneurial activity and that determine their legal status without taking into account individual features. After all, the interests of businessmen at customs are usually represented by customs brokers, so most often it is between brokers and customs that controversial issues arise, so the analysis of the status of a customs broker requires a detailed study.
As for special regulatory acts that reflect the peculiarities of the legal status of customs brokers and customs carriers, they are presented at the sub-legal level. The requirements for customs brokers, their rights, and the main duties of a customs broker and the specifics of functioning in the conditions of changing legislation, especially after a full-scale invasion, which prompted a reassessment of export-import relations and the work of customs in general, were also revealed. The responsibility of customs brokers in case of their violation of the requirement to disclose information and commercial secrets was also investigated.
The status of a customs broker is varied. In addition to being an intermediary between the exporter or importer and the government institution, broker also performs the tasks of preparing, signing and submitting documents, classifying or evaluating things, calculating and paying customs duties, registering exports, import permits, preparing and issuing certificates, advising on export and import regulations and procedures, verifying transactions to ensure compliance.
The customs broker is also responsible for product categorization, analysis and information on pricing or cost structure for exports and imports, assistance in choosing the mode of transport that will be used for the delivery of things, downtime control, onward shipment, conclusion of insurance contracts, etc. The customs broker is in charge of obtaining a refund or duty drawback in the case of an overpayment or other miscalculation. broker can execute the needed activities and guide through the procedure to obtain tax benefits and avoid incurring fines due to procedural errors.