bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging human expert image annotations to improve pneumonia differentiation through human knowledge distillation
Authors: Schaudt Daniel , von Schwerin Reinhold , Hafner Alexander , Riedel Pascal , Späte Christian , Reichert Manfred , Hinteregger Andreas , Beer Meinrad , Kloth Christopher 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn medical imaging, deep learning models can be a critical tool to shorten time-to-diagnosis and support specialized medical staff in clinical decision making. The successful training of deep learning models usually requires large amounts of quality data, which are often not available in many medical imaging tasks. In this work we train a deep learning model on university hospital chest X-ray data, containing 1082 images. The data was reviewed, differentiated into 4 causes for pneumonia, and annotated by an expert radiologist. To successfully train a model on this small amount of complex image data, we propose a special knowledge distillation process, which we call Human Knowledge Distillation. This process enables deep learning models to utilize annotated regions in the images during the training process. This form of guidance by a human expert improves model convergence and performance. We evaluate the proposed process on our study data for multiple types of models, all of which show improved results. The best model of this study, called PneuKnowNet, shows an improvement of + 2.3% points in overall accuracy compared to a baseline model and also leads to more meaningful decision regions. Utilizing this implicit data quality-quantity trade-off can be a promising approach for many scarce data domains beyond medical imaging.
The anatomy of a population-scale social network
Authors: Bokányi Eszter , Heemskerk Eelke M. , Takes Frank W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLarge-scale human social network structure is typically inferred from digital trace samples of online social media platforms or mobile communication data. Instead, here we investigate the social network structure of a complete population, where people are connected by high-quality links sourced from administrative registers of family, household, work, school, and next-door neighbors. We examine this multilayer social opportunity structure through three common concepts in network analysis: degree, closure, and distance. Findings present how particular network layers contribute to presumably universal scale-free and small-world properties of networks. Furthermore, we suggest a novel measure of excess closure and apply this in a life-course perspective to show how the social opportunity structure of individuals varies along age, socio-economic status, and education level.
Relationship between the concentration of ergothioneine in plasma and the likelihood of developing pre-eclampsia
Authors: Kenny Louise C. ,   on behalf of the SCOPE Consortium, Brown Leslie W. , Ortea Paloma , Tuytten Robin , Kell Douglas B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical mainly at present derived from the dietary intake of mushrooms, has been suggested as a preventive for pre-eclampsia (PE). We analysed early pregnancy samples from a cohort of 432 first time mothers as part of the Screening for Endpoints in Pregnancy (SCOPE, European branch) project to determine the concentration of ergothioneine in their plasma. There was a weak association between the ergothioneine levels and maternal age but none for BMI. Of these 432 women, 97 went on to develop pre-term (23) or term (74) PE. If a threshold was set at the 90th percentile of the reference range in the control population (≥462 ng/ml), only one of these 97 women (1%) developed PE, versus 96/397 (24.2%) whose ergothioneine level was below this threshold. One possible interpretation of these findings, consistent with previous experiments in a reduced uterine perfusion model in rats, is that ergothioneine may indeed prove protective against PE in humans. An intervention study of some kind now seems warranted.
Event‐triggered attack detection and state estimation based on Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Jiang Lu , Jia Di , Xu Jiping , Zhu Cui , Liu Kun , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnder the framework of event‐triggered transmission mechanism, the problem of attack detection and state estimation of multi‐sensor linear time‐invariant systems under static attacks is considered. First, for each transmission channel, the sensor collects measurement information according to an event‐triggered mechanism to reduce unnecessary energy consumption. Then, inspired by the clustering algorithm in machine learning, a detection mechanism based on Gaussian mixture model, which can set a confidence level for the measurement of each sensor is proposed. Finally, centralised data fusion is performed according to the results of attack detection and event‐triggered judgement to realise remote state estimation. A numerical example proves that the proposed algorithm can locate the damaged sensor, save the network transmission bandwidth under the premise of ensuring accuracy and efficiency of sensor estimation.
Kinematical evolution of large-scale EUV waves in the solar corona
Authors: Mann G. , Warmuth A. , Önel H. 
Published: June 2023

Context. Large-scale coronal waves, also referred to as extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) waves, are a common phenomenon of solar activity in the Sun’s corona. They are observed in EUV light as global waves travelling over one hemisphere of the Sun. Previous studies of EUV waves defined three classes based on their kinematical properties. In particular, class 1 waves show a decrease in velocity during their evolution over the solar surface. These special EUV waves are considered as the manifestation of large-amplitude magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in the corona.
Aims. We use a sample of seven class 1 EUV waves observed by the EUVI instruments onboard the two STEREO spacecraft to derive the relationship between the initial velocity and deceleration. This relationship can be explained in terms of the theory of large-amplitude MHD waves.
Methods. We employ non-linear MHD equations to describe large-amplitude, fast magnetosonic waves in terms of so-called ‘simple MHD waves’.
Results. The theory of simple MHD waves provides a relationship between the initial velocity and deceleration of the wave. The observations agree well with the non-linear evolution of a spherical large-amplitude, fast magnetosonic wave.
Conclusions. The kinematical properties of large-scale EUV waves can be well described by the theory of large-amplitude (simple) MHD waves.
Epidemiology of International Match Injuries in Scottish Rugby: A
Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bailey Stuart John , Martindale Russell , Engebretsen Lars , Robson James Peter , Palmer Debbie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFifteen-a-side rugby union (“rugby”) is a full-contact sport
played separately by men and women, with large injury incidences reported
previously. Context specific injury surveillance fulfils governing
bodies’ duty of care to understand risks to player welfare, yet no
contemporary match injury epidemiology studies exist for international players
in Scotland. The current study therefore aimed to describe the incidence,
severity, burden and nature of match injuries sustained by Scotland’s
men’s and women’s national teams. A prospective cohort study of
injuries recorded in matches across the 2017/18 and 2018/19
seasons was undertaken, with injury and exposure definitions in line with the
international consensus for injury surveillance in rugby. Injury incidence was
120.0 (men) and 166.7/1,000 player match hours (women), injury severity
was 12.0 (median) and 31.2 days (mean) for men, and 11.0 (median) and 30.2 days
(mean) for women. Injury burden was 3,745 (men) and 5,040 days
absence/1,000 player match hours (women). Concussion was the most common
specific injury for men (22.5/1,000 hours) and women
(26.7/1,000 hours). No statistical differences were found for
incidence or severity measures between sexes. Injury incidence was greater than
recent Rugby World Cup studies. High incidences of concussion reinforces the
need for prevention strategies targeting this injury.
Update Breast Cancer 2023 Part 1 – Early Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Hartkopf Andreas D. , Fehm Tanja N. , Welslau Manfred , Müller Volkmar , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Witzel Isabell , Thomssen Christoph , Beierlein Milena , Belleville Erik , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Aktas Bahriye , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Wöckel Achim , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Harbeck Nadia , Stickeler Elmar , Bartsch Rupert , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ettl Johannes , Würstlein Rachel , Krug David , Taran Florin-Andrei , Lüftner Diana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith abemaciclib (monarchE study) and olaparib (OlympiA study) gaining approval in the adjuvant treatment setting, a significant change in the standard of care for patients with early
stage breast cancer has been established for some time now. Accordingly, some diverse developments are slowly being transferred from the metastatic to the adjuvant treatment setting.
Recently, there have also been positive reports of the NATALEE study.Other clinical studies are currently investigating substances that are already established in the metastatic setting. These include, for example, the DESTINY Breast05 study with
trastuzumab deruxtecan and the SASCIA study with sacituzumab govitecan.In this review paper, we summarize and place in context the latest developments over the past months.
Beyond black holes: universal properties of ‘ultra-massive’ spacetimes
Authors: Senovilla José M M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It has been long known that in spacetimes with a positive cosmological constant

Λ
>
0

the area of spatially stable marginally trapped surfaces (MTSs) has a finite upper bound given by

4
π

/

Λ

. In this paper I show that any such spacetime containing spatially stable MTSs with area approaching indefinitely that bound acquire universal properties generically. Specifically, they all possess generalized ‘holographic screens’ (i.e. marginally trapped tubes) foliated by MTSs of spherical topology, composed of a dynamical horizon portion and a timelike membrane portion that meet at a distinguished round sphere

S
ˉ

with constant Gaussian curvature

—and thus of maximal area

4
π

/

Λ

. All future (past) generalized holographic screens (GHSs) containing

S
ˉ

change signature at

S
ˉ

, and all of them continue towards the past (future) with non-decreasing (non-increasing) area of their MTSs. A future (past) singularity arises. For the future case, these ‘ultra-massive spacetimes’ Senovilla (2023 Port. Math.
80 133–55) may be more powerful than black holes (BHs), as they can overcome the repulsive Λ-force and render the spacetime as a collapsing Universe without event horizon enclosing those GHSs. It is remarkable that these behaviours do not arise if Λ is non-positive. The results have radical implications on BH mergers and on very compact objects accreting mass from their surroundings—if

Λ
>
0

.
Spatial distribution of electric field measurement system: straight characterization of one or more original electric field sources in association with a new triaxial sensor
Authors: Roblin Matthieu , Robbes Didier , Allégre Gilles , Mareschal Olivier , Denoual Matthieu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Several original point charge like electric field sources and a new tri-axial capacitive based electric field sensor have been designed to be associated together to build a new instrument able to characterize the electrical properties of the environment. The paper presents two fundamental features of the target electric imaging instrument: the characterization of the constituent parts of the system and the validation of the low-level data processing functions. The original electric field sources are composed of several conductive spheres with conical support so that they can be assimilated to point charges. The various arrangements of the sources can generate monopolar or multipolar electric fields. The tri-axial sensor is is integrated in a 2D scanning setup and used to map simultaneously the three components of the electric field generated by original electric field sources composed of several conductive spheres. The measured electric field images are compared to images calculated with an analytical model using the method of image charges. The agreement between measured electric field images and model validates both the original design of the sources and the geometrical features of the sensor which opens the door to application such as the detection of non-conductive buried object and smart detection with autoconfiguration.
Aerodynamic noise control with an acoustic metasurface comprising an array of low-flow-sensitivity Helmholtz resonators
Authors: Li Min , Wu Jiuhui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We report the design, simulation, and experimental testing of an acoustic metasurface made from an array of low-flow-sensitivity Helmholtz resonators (LFSHRs). The low flow-sensitivity of sound attenuation reflects two aspects, one is the low sensitivity of the impedance peak magnitude attributed to the increase of the flow velocity at the interface resulted from the stronger vortexes inside the multi-hole neck, and the other is the low sensitivity of the impedance peak frequency due to the increased acoustic mass from the strengthened cavity-main flow interaction. Using this metasurface, the increment of both the magnitude and frequency of the impedance peak caused by the increasing fluid flow could be reduced by more than 70.5% and 93.8% respectively compared with that of the Helmholtz resonator (HR), which could be further minimized by parameter optimization. This low-flow-sensitivity acoustic metasurface proposed has great potential applications for aerodynamic noise control.
Quenched Galaxies are Important Host Candidates of Binary Black Hole and Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Gong Xiaobo , Zhang Feng-Hui , Kang Xiaoyu , Li Lifang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present the probabilities of mergers of binary black holes (BBHs) and binary neutron stars (BNSs) as functions of stellar mass, metallicity, specific star formation rate (sSFR), and age for galaxies with redshift z ≤ 0.1. Using the binary-star evolution (BSE) code and some fitting formulae, we construct a phenomenological model of cosmic gravitational wave (GW) merger events. By using the Bayesian analysis method and the observations from Advanced LIGO and Virgo, we obtain the relevant parameters of the phenomenological model (such as the maximum black hole mass is

93

−
22

+
73

M

⊙

). Combining the above model results with the galaxy catalog given by the EMERGE empirical galaxy model, we find the normalized probability of occurrence of a merger event varying with

log

10

(
sSFR

/

yr

−
1

)

for galaxies with z ≤ 0.1 is different from that in previous studies, that is, two peaks exist in this work while there is only one peak (log10(sSFR/yr −1) = −10) in the previous work. The sSFR value corresponding to the new peak is log10(sSFR/yr −1) = −12 and in line with the value (

log

10

(
sSFR

/

yr

−
1

)
=
−

12.65

−
0.66

+
0.44

) of NGC 4493, the host galaxy of BNS merger event GW170817. The new peak is caused by today’s quenched galaxies, which give a large contribution to the total SFR at high redshift in the EMERGE empirical galaxy model. Moreover, we find that the BNS mergers are most likely detected in galaxies with age ∼11 Gyr, which is greater than previous results (6−8 Gyr) and close to the age of NGC 4993,

13.2

−
0.9

+
0.5

Gyr.
Convergence of the integral fluctuation theorem estimator for nonequilibrium Markov systems
Authors: Coghi Francesco , Buffoni Lorenzo , Gherardini Stefano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The integral fluctuation theorem (IFT) for entropy production is among the few equalities that are known to be valid for physical systems arbitrarily driven far from equilibrium. Microscopically, it can be understood as an inherent symmetry for the fluctuating entropy production rate implying the second law of thermodynamics. Here, we examine an IFT statistical estimator based on regular sampling and discuss its limitations for nonequilibrium systems, when sampling rare events becomes pivotal. Furthermore, via a large deviation study, we discuss a method to carefully setup an experiment in the parameter region where the IFT estimator safely converges and also show how to improve the convergence region for Markov chains with finite correlation time. We corroborate our arguments with two illustrative examples.
Beam reference orbit compensation for the HLS-II storage ring
Authors: Wang G.L. , Wang S.W. , Chen K.M. , Xuan K. , Hosaka M. , Liu G.F. , Feng G.Y. , Xu W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The stability of the beam orbit is essential for a storage ring based light source. An orbit feedback system is usually adopted to help maintain the beam circulating on a reference orbit. The movement and deformation of the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) chambers due to thermal effect can affect the BPM readings. The BPM misreading leads to shift of the reference orbit for the orbit feedback system. The feedback system then corrects the beam to a different closed orbit, resulting in a change in the real beam orbit. Online experiments are carried out to measure the BPM readings dependency on the temperature of BPM chambers in the Hefei Light Source II (HLS-II) storage ring. To improve the beam orbit stability, a compensation system is developed to mitigate the reference orbit shift accordingly. With this compensation system, the stability of the reference orbit is improved to be better than 10 μm in the horizontal plane and 5 μm in the vertical plane. This paper reports our work on the measurement of BPM readings dependency and the development of the reference orbit compensation system for the HLS-II storage ring. The online compensation results are also presented.
Reduced terrestrial evaporation increases atmospheric water vapor by generating cloud feedbacks
Authors: Laguë M M , Quetin G R , Boos W R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reduced terrestrial evaporation directly warms the surface by reducing latent cooling, but also indirectly modifies surface climate by altering atmospheric processes. We use a global climate model to explore two end cases of terrestrial evaporation, comparing the climate of SwampLand, a world where land is always fully saturated with water, to that of DesertLand, where land is always completely lacking in soil moisture. When we suppress evaporation to create a desert-like planet, we find that temperatures increase and precipitation decreases in the global mean. We find an increase in atmospheric water vapor over both land and ocean in the DesertLand simulation. Suppressing evaporative cooling over the continents reduces continental cloud cover, allowing more energy input to the surface and increasing surface moist static energy over land. The residence time of atmospheric water vapor increases by about 50 percent. Atmospheric feedbacks such as changes in air temperatures and cloud cover contribute larger changes to the terrestrial surface energy budget than the direct effect of suppressed evaporation alone. Without the cloud feedback, the land surface still warms with suppressed land evaporation, but total atmospheric water vapor decreases, and the anomalous atmospheric circulations over the continents are much shallower than in simulations with cloud changes; that is, the cloud feedback changes the sign of the water vapor response. This highlights the importance of accounting for atmospheric feedbacks when exploring land surface change impacts on the climate system.
External magnetic field non-invasively stimulates spinal cord regeneration in rat via a magnetic-responsive aligned fibrin hydrogel
Authors: Yang Chun-Yi , Meng Zhe , Yang Kaiyuan , He Zhijun , Hou Zhaohui , Yang Jia , Lu Jingsong , Cao Zheng , Yang Shuhui , Chai Yi , Zhao He , Zhao Lingyun , Sun Xiaodan , Wang Guihuai , Wang Xiumei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Magnetic stimulation is becoming an attractive approach to promote neuroprotection, neurogenesis, axonal regeneration, and functional recovery in both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system disorders owing to its painless, non-invasive, and deep penetration characteristics. Here, a magnetic-responsive aligned fibrin hydrogel (MAFG) was developed to import and amplify the extrinsic magnetic field (MF) locally to stimulate spinal cord regeneration in combination with the beneficial topographical and biochemical cues of aligned fibrin hydrogel (AFG). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were embedded uniformly in AFG during electrospinning to endow it magnetic-responsive feature, with saturation magnetization of 21.79 emu g−1. It is found that the MNPs under the MF could enhance cell proliferation and neurotrophin secretion of PC12 cells in vitro. The MAFG that was implanted into a rat with 2 mm complete transected spinal cord injury (SCI) effectively enhanced neural regeneration and angiogenesis in the lesion area, thus leading to significant recovery of motor function under the MF (MAFG@MF). This study suggests a new multimodal tissue engineering strategy based on multifunctional biomaterials that deliver multimodal regulatory signals with the integration of aligned topography, biochemical cues, and extrinsic MF stimulation for spinal cord regeneration following severe SCI.
Matrices representable as product of conjugates of a singular matrix
Authors: Jain S. , Leroy André 
Published: June 2023

Using semigroup techniques, J. Araújo and F.C. Silva [Commun. Algebra 28, No. 8 (2000), 3679–3689] proved that a singular matrix

B
∈

M
n

(
F
)

B\in M_n(F)

with coefficients in a field

F
F

is a product of conjugates of any matrix

A
A

with

rank
⁡
(
B
)
≤
rank
⁡
(
A
)

\operatorname {rank}(B)\le \operatorname {rank}(A)

. We prove this result over an algebraically closed field, in an elementary short way.
UV-B promotes flavonoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba by inducing the GbHY5-GbMYB1-GbFLS module
Authors: Liu Sian , Gu Xiaoyin , Jiang Yanbing , Wang Lu , Xiao Nan , Chen Yadi , Jin Biao , Wang Li , Li Weixing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) leaves have medicinal value due to their high levels of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids. We found that the flavonoid content in ginkgo leaves increases significantly at high altitudes (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). Considering that high UV-B radiation is among the key environmental characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we carried out simulated UV-B treatments on ginkgo seedlings and found that the flavonoid content of the leaves increased significantly following the treatments. Combined with results from our previous studies, we determined that the transcription factor GbHY5 may play a key role in responses to UV-B radiation. Overexpression of GbHY5 significantly promoted the accumulation of flavonoids in both ginkgo callus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and real-time quantitative PCR showed that GbHY5 promoted the expression of GbMYB1 by interacting with GbMYB1 protein. Overexpression of GbMYB1 in ginkgo callus and A. thaliana also significantly promoted flavonoid biosynthesis. GbFLS encodes a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, and its promoter has binding elements of GbHY5 and GbMYB1. A dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that while GbHY5 and GbMYB1 activated the expression of GbFLS individually, their co-expression achieved greater activation. Our analyses reveal the molecular mechanisms by which the UV-B-induced GbHY5-GbMYB1-GbFLS module promotes flavonoid biosynthesis in ginkgo, and they provide insight into the use of UV-B radiation to enhance the flavonoid content of ginkgo leaves.