bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizodeposition through root senescence and root exudation of atmospheric C and N by legumes is controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development
Authors: Kanté Mohamed , Riah‐Anglet Wassila , Trinsoutrot‐Gattin Isabelle , Cliquet Jean‐Bernard 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Legume crop production has many benefits for agricultural systems. Through the rhizodeposition process, they release a significant amount of C and N into the soil, increasing soil organic C and reducing the use of N fertilizer. Rhizodeposition is known as a dynamic process influenced by many factors.

The aim of this study was to study the contribution of root exudation and root senescence to the rhizodeposition of atmospheric C and N during vegetative and reproductive growth in annual and perennial legumes and to understand how this is linked to the fixation capacities of C and N and root functional traits.

An original approach that combined 13CO2 labelling and the 15N dilution method was developed to measure the rhizodeposition of atmospheric C and N throughout plant growth by two annual grain legumes (pea and faba bean) and two perennial forage legumes (white and crimson clovers).

C rhizodeposition was found to increase proportionally with N rhizodeposition during reproductive development and the differences observed between species were related to the C and N fixation abilities. The use of root traits such as specific root length, root tissue density and root dry matter content suggests a strong contribution of root exudation to C rhizodeposition at vegetative growth and a strong contribution of root senescence to both C and N rhizodeposition during reproductive growth.

Synthesis. Both C and N rhizodeposition appeared to be controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development.
Microbially influenced corrosion and rust tubercle formation on sheet piles in freshwater systems
Authors: Fiskal Annika , Shuster Jeremiah , Fischer Stefan , Joshi Prachi , Raghunatha Reddy Lipi , Wulf Sven‐Erik , Kappler Andreas , Fischer Helmut , Herrig Ilona , Meier Jutta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe extent of how complex natural microbial communities contribute to metal corrosion is still not fully resolved, especially not for freshwater environments. In order to elucidate the key processes, we investigated rust tubercles forming massively on sheet piles along the river Havel (Germany) applying a complementary set of techniques. In‐situ microsensor profiling revealed steep gradients of O2, redox potential and pH within the tubercle. Micro‐computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy showed a multi‐layered inner structure with chambers and channels and various organisms embedded in the mineral matrix. Using Mössbauer spectroscopy we identified typical corrosion products including electrically conductive iron (Fe) minerals. Determination of bacterial gene copy numbers and sequencing of 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA amplicons supported a densely populated tubercle matrix with a phylogenetically and metabolically diverse microbial community. Based on our results and previous models of physic(electro)chemical reactions, we propose here a comprehensive concept of tubercle formation highlighting the crucial reactions and microorganisms involved (such as phototrophs, fermenting bacteria, dissimilatory sulphate and Fe(III) reducers) in metal corrosion in freshwaters.
Policy, office and votes: An experimental investigation of the dynamic aspect of party goals
Authors: Kolltveit Kristoffer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolitical parties face hard choices when balancing desires to influence public policy, to gain executive office and to win votes. The existing literature examining such party preferences has traditionally focused on rather static aspects of the parties, such as size, policy positions and the level of intraparty democracy. This article argues that party actors' sophisticated estimations of whether to enter into coalition can be affected by fluctuating public opinion, thereby having a more dynamic aspect. Drawing on a survey experiment on youth politicians in Norway, we test how perceived standing in the polls affects how politicians weigh up policy versus office and votes versus office. The experimental effect of perceived standings was investigated in addition to the respondents' positions within the party, as well as their parties' former governing history, political orientation and size. Results show that, in the presence of the treatment condition (party is perceived to do well in the polls), the preference for policy over office is lessened. We find no experimental effect for vote versus office. These results advance our understanding of the dynamic aspects of party goals and coalition formation.
‘Bigwig hatred’ and the emergence of the first Scandinavian agrarian‐populist party
Authors: Arter David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the genealogy of the Scandinavian populist‐party family, agrarian populism has been largely neglected and, when discussed at all, it is traced back to Finland in the late 1950s. This paper argues: (i) that agrarian populism long predated the 1950s and that it was politically salient from the decade before Finnish independence in 1917; (ii) that it is useful to distinguish between an agrarian‐class and agrarian‐populist party type; (iii) that in wider comparative perspective, first‐wave Finnish agrarian populism was distinctive; and iv) that during the critical party‐building phase, the Finnish Agrarian Party (AP) is best characterised a populist party embodying a diffuse small‐farmer antipathy towards socially superior urban elites. The AP did not create this ‘bigwig hatred’ (herraviha), but in perpetuating it and ‘othering it’ within a binary ‘us‐and‐them’ paradigm, it became the first populist party in both Finland and Scandinavia.
A secreted salivary effector from Riptortus pedestris impairs soybean defense through modulating phytohormone signaling pathways
Authors: Huang Yue , Hu Biao , Wei Zhongyan , Shan Shiqi , Guo Chunyun , Zhang Hehong , Li Yanjun , Chen Jianping , Kang Xue , Huang Haijian , Sun Zongtao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRiptortus pedestris (Fabricius), one of the major piercing‐sucking insects in soybeans, causes delayed plant senescence and abnormal pods, known as staygreen syndrome. Recent research has shown that direct feeding of this insect is the major cause of soybean staygreen syndrome. However, it remains unclear whether R. pedestris salivary proteins play vital roles in insect infestation. Here, we found that 4 secretory salivary proteins can induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana by transient heterologous expression. The cell death induced by Rp2155 relies on the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat helper, HSP90. Tissue‐specificity assays indicated that Rp2155 is specifically expressed in the salivary gland of R. pedestris and is significantly induced during insect feeding. The expression of salicylic acid (SA)‐, jasmonic acid (JA)‐related genes was increased in soybean when fed by Rp2155‐silenced R. pedestris. More importantly, soybean staygreen symptoms caused by R. pedestris were significantly alleviated when Rp2155 was silenced. Together, these results suggest that the salivary effector Rp2155 is involved in promoting insect infestation by suppressing the JA and SA pathways, and it can be considered as a potential RNA interference target for insect control.
Relative contributions of fasting and postprandial glucose increments, glycemic variability, and non‐glycemic factors to HbA1c in individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Zhou Yongwen , Zheng Mao , Deng Hongrong , Zheng Xueying , Luo Sihui , Yang Daizhi , Mai Xiaodong , Xu Wen , Yan Jinhua , Weng Jianping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimEvidence for contribution of basal and postprandial glucose increment, and glycemic variability to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited. This study aimed to capture glycemic fluctuation patterns and quantify contributions of these factors to HbA1c levels among adults with T1D.MethodsHbA1c, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and diet diaries were collected and pooled from two clinical trials. Available data sets were divided into HbA1c quartiles: group 1 (≤6.7%), group 2 (6.7%–7.3%), group 3 (7.3%–7.8%), and group 4 (≥7.8%). Area under curve above 110 mg/dL (AUC>110mg/dL) in 24‐h profile was defined as overall hyperglycemia and stratified with postprandial hyperglycemia (PHG, AUC>110mg/dL in 3‐h period after meals) and basal hyperglycemia (BHG, AUC>110mg/dL in remaining period). Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the proportion of variance in HbA1c explained by BHG, preprandial glucose, PHG, glycemic variability, and non‐glycemic factors (age, body mass index, hemoglobin, and duration).ResultsA total of 169 550 glucose data in 2409 meals recorded from 102 patients (male/female, 34/68) were included. Age and duration were 35.2 ± 12.6 and 8.9 (2.9, 13.0) years, with 51.0% using pumps. Overall, BHG was four times higher than PHG (p all <.05) and between‐group comparisons showed BHG exhibited a progressive increase (group 1 vs. 2, 3, 4, p = .053, .086, .006) with fasting contribution of 76.1%, 82.6%, 81.5%, and 84.3% from group 1 to 4. The increment was not significant among groups 2, 3, and 4 (p > .05). Factors included in analysis explained a total of 74% of the variance in HbA1c, in which BHG accounted for 32.1% of variance whereas PHG accounted for 24.4%. In group with HbA1c >7.3%, BHG accounted for a higher percentage with 33.8% of the variance in HbA1c.ConclusionsIn our study, basal hyperglycemia better predicts overall glycemic control than postprandial hyperglycemia among adults with T1D. The relative contribution of basal hyperglycemia increased gradually with HbA1c increasing and predominant strategy for insulin titration among T1D is different among different levels of glycemic control.
Is radical local therapy effective in postoperative recurrent EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer?
Authors: Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Yano Tokujiro , Yamazaki Koji , Okamoto Tatsuro , Hamatake Motoharu , Takamori Shinkichi , Kohno Mikihiro , Miura Naoko , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Yoshizumi Tomoharu ,   Kyushu University Lung Surgery Study Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term survival can be achieved with radical local therapy in some cases of postoperative recurrence of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we evaluated post‐recurrence survival (PRS) after treatment of postoperative recurrent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated NSCLC and examined the effectiveness of radical local therapy.MethodsThis multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in 14 hospitals. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients with recurrence after radical resection for NSCLC. Information about the patient characteristics at recurrence, tumor‐related variables, primary surgery, and treatment for recurrence was collected. After registration, follow‐up data (e.g., treatment and survival outcomes) were obtained and analyzed.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2015, 505 patients with recurrent NSCLC were enrolled into the study, and 154 EGFR mutation‐positive cases were included. As the initial treatment for recurrence, 111 patients (72%) received chemotherapy, 14 (9%) received chemoradiotherapy, 14 (9%) received definitive radiotherapy, and seven (5%) received surgical resection. The remaining eight patients (5%) received supportive care. The median PRS and 5‐year survival rates for all cases were 64 months and 53.2%, respectively. The 5‐year survival rate according to the initial treatment was as follows: supportive care, 0%; chemotherapy, 53.3% and radical local therapy, 60.1%. The six patients who received radical local treatment remained recurrence‐free for more than 3 years after recurrence with only initial treatment.ConclusionsAlthough radical local therapy may be curative in some patients, chemotherapy including EGFR‐TKI treatment is expected to provide long‐term survival comparable to that of radical local therapy.
Surgical treatment for lung metastasis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung: A case report
Authors: Iwai Hidenobu , Yanagawa Naoki , Deguchi Hiroyuki , Tomoyasu Makoto , Shigeeda Wataru , Kaneko Yuka , Yoshimura Ryuichi , Kanno Hironaga , Sugai Mayu , Shikanai Shunsuke , Sugai Tamotsu , Saito Hajime 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare disease that is considered an intermediate neoplasm, with the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Surgical treatment is the standard therapy for IMT, although there are only a few reports of surgery for lung metastasis of pulmonary IMT. We opine that surgical treatment might be effective not only for localized tumors, but also for cases of lung metastasis of IMT.
Gestational diabetes mellitus care re‐imagined – A cost‐minimisation analysis: Cost savings from a tertiary hospital, using a novel, digital‐based gestational diabetes management model
Authors: Laurie Josephine G. , Wilkinson Shelley A. , Mcintyre Harold D. , Snoswell Centaine 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDiagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a pregnancy has a significant impact on health service resources and represents a substantial financial and time impost on women.AimTo describe a cost‐minimisation analysis conducted following the demonstration of clinically equivalent care of women using a novel, digital model for GDM management, compared with conventional care.Materials and MethodsA pre‐implementation model of care was compared with the post‐implementation model of care which included systematic development and delivery of education videos, use of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ‘M♡THer’ smart phone app/portal and a dramatically reduced schedule of visits. The Mater Mothers' Hospital Brisbane cares for approximately 1200 women with GDM per annum, on which the cost estimates were based. Service costs were estimated using the resource method, where resource volumes and costs were gathered from experts within the health service. Patient costs were estimated using results from a short survey completed by a cohort of the study population.ResultsHealth service costs showed a modest saving of AU$17 441.78 (US$12 158.92) in the intervention group over a 12‐month period. Cost savings for the woman were estimated at $566.56 (US$394.96) per patient after accounting for lost wages, childcare expenses, and travel expenses avoided. This reduction led to an overall saving of $679 872 (US$473 948.82) for the cohort of 1200 women, primarily due to the reduction in face‐to‐face visits.ConclusionRe‐imagining GDM patient care by introducing a novel, digital‐based GDM model of care has substantial positive cost implications for patients.
Videolaryngoscopy vs. flexible fibrescopy for tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine immobilisation: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Choi S. , Yoo H. K. , Shin K. W. , Kim Y. J. , Yoon H. K. , Park H. P. , Oh H. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn patients with cervical spine immobilisation, tracheal intubation devices other than a direct laryngoscope are frequently used to facilitate tracheal intubation and avoid related complications. In this randomised controlled trial, we compared videolaryngoscopic and fibrescopic tracheal intubation in patients with a cervical collar. Tracheal intubation was performed using either a videolaryngoscope with a non‐channelled Macintosh blade (n = 166) or a flexible fibrescope (n = 164) in patients having elective cervical spine surgery whose neck was immobilised with a cervical collar to simulate a difficult airway. The primary outcome was the first attempt success rate of tracheal intubation. Secondary outcomes were the overall success rate of tracheal intubation; time to tracheal intubation; use of additional airway manoeuvres; and incidence and severity of tracheal intubation‐related airway complications. First attempt success rate was higher in the videolaryngoscope group than in the fibrescope group (164/166 (98.8%) vs. 149/164 (90.9%), p = 0.003). Tracheal intubation was successful within three attempts in all patients. Median (IQR [range]) time to tracheal intubation was shorter (50.0 (41.0–72.0 [25.0–170.0]) s vs. 81.0 (65.0–107.0 [24.0–178.0]) s, p < 0.001) and additional airway manoeuvres were less frequent (30/166 (18.1%) vs. 91/164 (55.5%), p < 0.001) in the videolaryngoscope group compared with the fibrescope group. The incidence and severity of intubation‐related airway complications were not different between the two groups. When performing tracheal intubation in patients with a cervical collar, videolaryngoscopy with a non‐channelled Macintosh blade was superior to flexible fibrescopy.
The prevalence of myopia remains stable under tighter COVID‐19 social restriction in preschoolers receiving a school‐based eyecare program
Authors: Yang Yu‐Chieh , Tsai Der‐Chong , Wang Chiao‐Yu , Chen Yen‐Lin , Shyong Mong‐Ping , Hsu Nai‐Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the impact of different levels of COVID‐19 social restrictions (social distancing in 2020, large‐scale home confinement in 2021) on myopia prevalence and behaviours in a preschool population with school‐based eyecare programme.MethodsRepeated cross‐sectional surveys were conducted between August and December in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Children aged 5–6 years received ocular examinations, and questionnaires were answered by caregivers before the day of the examination. The main outcome measures were the changes in after‐school time spent on homework, screen‐based devices and outdoors. Secondary outcome was the change in myopia prevalence (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ −0.5 D in either eye after cycloplegia).ResultsA total of 9997 preschoolers were included in the analysis. Under tighter restrictions, more preschoolers spent ≥1 h/day on screen‐based devices (42.8% in 2019, 45.2% in 2020, 48.9% in 2021, p < 0.001), and fewer preschoolers spent ≥30 min/day on after‐school outdoor activities (49.5% in 2019, 46.0% in 2020, 41.0% in 2021, p < 0.001) on weekdays. A similar trend was found on weekends. While more preschoolers spent ≥2 h/day on screen‐based devices (35.3% in 2019, 38.5% in 2020, 43.0% in 2021, p < 0.001), fewer preschoolers spent ≥2 h/day on outdoor activities (41.7% in 2019, 41.7% in 2020, 34.0% in 2021, p < 0.001). The mean SE and myopia prevalence were stable (9.1% in 2019, 10.3% in 2020, 9.4% in 2021, p = 0.707).ConclusionOur study showed dose‐dependent effect of social restrictions on near‐work and outdoor behaviours at home. The prevalence of myopia did not increase significantly with short‐term cessation of school‐based eyecare programmes.
The effects of rumen protected methionine supplementation on the performance of primiparous dairy cows using the Presynch‐Ovsynch protocol
Authors: Abedal‐Majed Mohamed Ayoub , Titi Hosam Hani , Al‐Qaisi Mohmmad , Abdelqader Anas , Tabbaa Mohammad Jihad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of rumen‐protected methionine (RPM) supplementation on the reproductive and productive performance of primiparous dairy cows fed two levels of protein. The Presynch‐Ovsynch protocol was used to synchronize 36 lactating Holstein cows that were assigned randomly to one of six dietary treatments: (1) 14% CP and without RPM diet (14CP‐0RPM; n = 6), (2) 14% CP and 15 g/head/day RPM (14CP‐15RPM; n = 6), (3) 14% CP and 25 g/head/day RPM (14CP‐25RPM; n = 6), (4) 16% CP and without RPM diet (16CP‐0RPM; n = 6), (5) 16% CP and 15 g/head/day RPM (16CP‐15RPM; n = 6), and (6) 16% CP and 25 g/head/day RPM (16CP‐25RPM; n = 6). Independent of CP levels, feeding RPM had reduced the calving interval (P < 0.01). Feeding RPM increased (P < 0.01) overall plasma progesterone (P4). Feeding 16CP‐15RPM increased (P < 0.01) overall plasma P4. Feeding 16% CP increased (P < 0.01) 4% fat corrected milk, energy corrected milk, milk fat and protein yield, and milk casein. Moreover, feeding the 25RPM has increased (P < 0.01) 4% fat corrected milk, energy corrected milk, milk fat, and protein yield. Compared with other treatments, feeding 16CP‐25RPM or 16CP‐15RPM enhanced (P < 0.01) milk yield and milk fat yield. In conclusion, feeding 16% CP with RPM boosted the productivity and reduced the calving interval in primiparous lactating dairy cows.
Alleviating early demyelination in ischaemia/reperfusion by inhibiting sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 could protect visual function from impairment
Authors: Xue Jingfei , Lin Jicheng , Liu Zhe , Zhang Qi , Tang Jiahui , Han Jiaxu , Wu Siting , Liu Canying , Zhao Ling , Li Yiqing , Zhuo Yehong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRetinal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis and axonal degeneration, resulting in irreversible visual impairment. However, there are no available neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies for retinal I/R injury, and more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. The role of the myelin sheath of the optic nerve after retinal I/R remains unknown. Here, we report that demyelination of the optic nerve is an early pathological feature of retinal I/R and identify sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) as a therapeutic target for alleviating demyelination in a model of retinal I/R caused by rapid changes in intraocular pressure. Targeting the myelin sheath via S1PR2 protected RGCs and visual function. In our experiment, we observed early damage to the myelin sheath and persistent demyelination accompanied by S1PR2 overexpression after injury. Blockade of S1PR2 by the pharmacological inhibitor JTE‐013 reversed demyelination, increased the number of oligodendrocytes, and inhibited microglial activation, contributing to the survival of RGCs and alleviating axonal damage. Finally, we evaluated the postoperative recovery of visual function by recording visual evoked potentials and assessing the quantitative optomotor response. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal that alleviating demyelination by inhibiting S1PR2 overexpression may be a therapeutic strategy for retinal I/R‐related visual impairment.
The impact of serum magnesium and calcium on the risk of epilepsy: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Guo Xiaoming , Zhu Yueli , Ying Caidi , Xu Ke , Hong Yuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the causal role of serum magnesium and calcium in epilepsy or any of its subtypes through Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum magnesium and calcium were used as the instrumental variables. MR analyses were performed using the summary‐level data for epilepsy extracted from International League Against Epilepsy Consortium (15,212 cases and 29,677 controls) to obtain the causal estimates. The analyses were replicated using FinnGen data (7224 epilepsy cases and 208,845 controls), and a meta‐analysis was then conducted.ResultsThe result of combined analyses showed that higher serum magnesium concentrations was associated with a reduced risk of overall epilepsy (odds ratios [OR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12–0.62, p = 0.002). In ILAE, higher serum magnesium was suggestively associated with reduced risks of focal epilepsy (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.62, p = 0.003). However, the results cannot be repeated in sensitivity analyses. As for serum calcium, the results did not reach statistical significance with overall epilepsy (OR = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.31–1.17, p = 0.134). However, genetically predicted serum calcium concentrations showed an inverse association with risk of generalized epilepsy (OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.17–0.74, p = 0.006).ConclusionThe current MR analysis did not support a causal relationship between serum magnesium and epilepsy, but showed a causally negative association between genetically determined serum calcium and generalized epilepsy.