bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telecounseling and Guided Relaxation for Addressing Patient, Student, and Health-Care Worker Distress
Authors: Naik Saloni , Prabhakaran Anusha , Mahida Ankur , Singh Suman P. , Sharma Himanshu , Varma Jagdish 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
In the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the leadership of the institute felt a need for mental health interventions among patients admitted in COVID-19 isolation, university students, and health-care workers engaged in COVID-19 care. This article aims to share our experience in providing these services.

Methodology:
COVID-19 inpatients were telephonically counseled. Counseling protocol was based on national guidelines. Students of the university were assessed for emotional problems using a symptom checklist and Kessler 10-item Distress Scale. Subsequently, the faculty assigned as mentors were trained in providing telephonic psychological first aid (PFA) to the students. Psychosocial help was offered to health-care workers through daily guided relaxation sessions.

Results:
Forty-two of 69 COVID-19 inpatients were telephonically contacted. New-onset mental health problems were found in 40%. Half of the COVID-19 confirmed patients and half of the females had a higher prevalence of mental health problems. On the symptom checklist, 330 students were responded. Worry about the future, contagion, and boredom were reported by the majority of students. On the Kessler 10-item Distress Scale, 272 students were responded. Thirty-seven percent had likely mental disorders (22 males and 79 females). Twenty-two students contacted psychiatrists through mentors and were provided teleconsultation. Eighty health-care workers attended guided relaxation sessions. Twenty-nine responded on the feedback form. Most respondents felt guided relaxation was useful in reducing stress, with strongly agree (n = 12) and agree (n = 14) responses.

Conclusions:
Emotional problems were significantly prevalent among students and COVID-19 patients. Training faculty in PFA can help address students in distress. Guided relaxation may help frontline workers manage stress.
A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study of Effects of Occupational Stress on Mental Health of Staff Nurses of a Tertiary Care Hospital in a Metropolitan City
Authors: Khade Dhanashree , Gokhe Seema Bansode , Karia Sagar , Shah Nilesh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Compared to other professions, nurses experience the greatest degree of job stress. Persistent stress is harmful to physical and mental health resulting in apathy, sleep disturbance, frequent absence from work, drug abuse, feelings of inadequacy, physical and nutritional problems, increased health-care cost, and loss of job satisfaction. Hence, this study was done to find the prevalence of occupational stress and its effect on mental health of nurses working in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among staff nurses after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Sociodemographic data along with their occupational history was collected in a semistructured pro forma. The Professional Life Stress Scale by David Fontanna (PLSS) was used for evaluating occupational stress, and the Mental Health Questionnaire was prepared for evaluating mental health issues.

Results:
One hundred and eighty-seven nurses were included in the study, with a mean age being around 40 years and mean duration of service being around 18 years. About 45% of them had stress as per DFPS and departments in which they were working did not affect the stress levels. 8.5% of them had elevated paranoia scores and 7.4% had high depressive scores. DFPS had no significant correlation with age of staff nurses and years of experience but had a significant correlation with scores of all domains of mental health.

Conclusions:
It is concluded from the present study that professional stress has a great impact on health of staff nurses. There is a need for hospital management to develop appropriate intervention programs to reduce workload, make regular shift schedules, and provide positive reinforcements for nurses to reduce anxiety, stress, and depression.
Long-term follow-up of tobacco cessation intervention in a dental setting: A randomized trial
Authors: Sujatha S. , Iyengar Asha , Pruthvish S. , Prashanth Radha 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims and Objectives:
Tobacco dependence is widely prevalent and a harmful chronic disorder. Achieving long-term tobacco abstinence is an important public health goal. This study aims to assess the long-term effectiveness of moderate-intensity treatment for tobacco cessation in the dental clinic setting.

Materials and Methods:
Out of 1206 subjects registered to the Tobacco cessation clinic (TCC) during this time period, only 999 of them completed the 1-year follow-up period. The mean age was 45.9 ± 9 years. Six hundred and three (60.3%) of these subjects were male and 396 (39.6%) of them were females. Five hundred and fifty-eight (55.8%) used smoking tobacco and 441 (44.1%) used smokeless tobacco. Patients received tailored behavioral counseling, educational material, and pharmacotherapy consisting of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and\or NON-NRT. Patients were monitored by phone or clinic visits for 11 months.

Results:
Outcomes assessed were complete abstinence, harm reduction (>50% reduction), no change and lost to follow-up. At the end of 12 months the tobacco quit rate was180 (18%), tobacco reduction >50% was 342 (34.2%), no change 415 (41.5%) and relapse 62 (6.2%).

Conclusions:
Our study has identified adequate quit-rates in a cohort of dental patients attending a hospital-based TCC.
Radiosensitization effect of radiofrequency hyperthermia in the presence of PEGylated-gold nanoparticles on the MCF-7 breast cancer cells under 6 MeV electron irradiation
Authors: Mohammadi Akram , Hashemi Bijan , Mahdavi Seied Rabi Mehdi , Solimani Masoud , Banaei Amin 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to investigate the radiosensitization effect of radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia in combination with PEGylated gold nanoparticles (PEG-GNPs) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells under electron beam radiotherapy (EBRT) based on the clonogenic assay.

Materials and Methods:
The cell death of MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with 13.56 MHz capacitive RF hyperthermia (power: 150W) for 2, 5, 10, and 15 min combined with 6 MeV EBRT, with a dose of 2 Gy, was evaluated in the presence of 20 nm PEG-GNPs with a low nontoxic concentration (20 mg/l). All the treatment groups were incubated for 14 days. Thereafter, survival fractions and viability of the cells were calculated and analyzed against the control group.

Results:
The presence of PEG-GNPs inside the MCF-7 cancer cells during electron irradiation decreased cell survival significantly (16.7%) compared to irradiated cells without GNPs. Applying hyperthermia before electron irradiation with a capacitive RF system decreased cell survival by about 53.7%, while hyperthermia without irradiation did not show any significant effect on cell survival. Combining the hyperthermia with the presence of PEG-GNPs in the cells decreased the cell survival by about 67% at the electron irradiation, showing their additive radiosensitization effect.

Conclusion:
Low nontoxic concentration of 20 nm PEG-GNPs increases the radiosensitization effect of combining 6 MeV EBRT and RF hyperthermia on MCF-7 cancer cells. Combining hyperthermia with PEG-GNPs in electron radiotherapy could be an appropriate method for enhancing radiotherapy effectiveness on cancerous cells which can be studied on different cells and electron energies in future research.
Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of retro-molar trigone: Unveiling the mystery of rare diagnosis
Authors: Shome Sayani , Sil Shiladitya , Bhaumik Aritra 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), a low-grade malignant neoplasm of glandular origin, most commonly involves major and occasionally minor salivary glands. It is rare in minor salivary glands such as hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa, tongue, and so on, frequently affecting geriatric females. EMC comprises diverse histo-pathologic features of an epithelial, myoepithelial de-lineating biphasic pattern along with clear cells, sometimes oncocytic differentiation. Aberrant histo-pathologic features in EMC need judicious discrimination from alike entities, which facilitates appropriate surgical management. Here, we present an unusual case report of EMC in the left retro-molar trigone region in a 60-year-old male patient, the complete diagnosis of which was based on clinical, radiological, histo-pathological, and immuno-histo-chemical features.
Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast carcinoma and their clinical significance
Authors: Mondal Santosh Kumar , Bhattacharya Saptarshi , Sarkar Aditya Prasad , Saha Rama 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Carcinoma of the breast is the second most common cause of cancer death in women. Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells plays an important role in tailored therapy. This can be evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal PD-L1 antibody in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in invasive carcinoma of breast and their clinicopathological correlation.

Materials and Methods:
Immunohistochemical staining for PD-L1 and TILs was done in paraffin-embedded tissues of histologically diagnosed 50 cases of breast carcinoma. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 software.

Results:
Out of these 50 cases, PD-L1 and TIL expression were seen in 16 (32%) cases and 18 (36%) cases, respectively. PD-L1 positivity was seen in 33.33% cases of grade 1 breast carcinoma, 13.79% of cases of grade 2 breast carcinoma, and in 75% case of grade 3 breast carcinoma. TILs showed positivity in 6.9% cases of grade 1 breast carcinoma, 13.79% of cases of grade 2 breast carcinoma, and in 100% cases of grade 3 breast carcinoma. Proportion of patients having PD-L1 expression was higher in grade 3 carcinoma than in grade 1 or 2. The differences were statistically significant (Chi-square value = 13.417, degree of freedom = 1, P ≤ 0.05). The Chi-square value for TILs was 28.07, degree of freedom was 1, and P value was ≤0.05, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Both PD-L1 and TILs showed maximum positivity in grade 3 breast carcinoma.
Association of P16, Ki-67, and CD44 expression in high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: Mehdi Hajra K. , Raju Kalyani , Sheela S. R. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Stem cells exist in niches in the cervical tissue at squamocolumnar junction, which when infected with HR-Human Papilloma Virus undergo malignant transformation to cancer stem cells and have a role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. The expression of CD44, P16, and Ki67 in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is assessed in this study.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-six cases each of normal cervix, HSIL, and SCC of cervix cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry markers; p16, Ki-67, and CD44. The association of expression of these markers between normal, HSIL, SCC cervix, and clinic-pathological parameters was statistically analyzed. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Of 26 cases of HSIL, 61.5%, 7.7%, and 30.8% cases were positive, ambiguous, and negative respectively for p16 expression. About 11.5%, 53.8%, and 34.6% of cases were strongly positive, positive, and weakly positive, respectively, for Ki-67 expression. About 42.3%, 42.3%, and 15.4% cases were strongly positive, positive, and weakly positive, respectively, for CD44 expression. Among 26 cases of SCC of the cervix 92.3% and 7.7% were positive and ambiguous respectively. About 73.1% and 26.9% of cases were strongly positive and positive, respectively, for Ki-67 expression. 65.4%, 30.8%, and 3.8% of cases were strongly positive, positive, and weakly positive, respectively, for CD44 expression. p16, Ki-67, and CD44 expression between the three groups were statistically significant. p16 expression versus FIGO stage including lymph node involvement and CD44 expression versus lymph node involvement in carcinoma cervix was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Expression of p16, Ki-67, and CD44 increases as the lesion progress from normal to HSIL to carcinoma cervix. p16 and CD44 expression increase with lymph node involvement. P16 expression was maximum in Stage II than Stage III.
First-line immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment in extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: A classical and network meta-analysis
Authors: Mutlu Hasan , Bozcuk Hakan , Artaç Mehmet , Eser İrfan 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a poor prognosis. For the last 30 years, first-line systemic treatment has remained unaltered. After the integration of ımmunotherapy, a new first-line gold standard, atezolizumab in combination with carboplatin plus etoposide, was approved in extensive-disease SCLC (ED-SCLC) in 2019. First-line randomized controlled studies that investigated anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) and anti-T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) agents in combination with platinum plus etoposide (EP) were scoured. A total of six studies (two – anti-CTLA-4 and four – anti-PD1/PD-L1) were included and classic and network meta-analyses (NMAs) were performed. Fixed model for overall survival (OAS) in the PD-1- or PD-L1-treated subgroup yielded a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.746 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.662–0.840 and in the CTLA-4-treated subgroup a HR of 0.941 with a 95% CI = 0.816–1.084 for the immune therapy + chemotherapy versus chemotherapy comparison (CTLA-4-based versus PD-1- or PD-L1-based groups’ comparison of OAS effect Q = 6.05, df = 1, P = 0.014). NMA showed that all chemotherapy + immunotherapy combinations were equally potent and more efficient than PE in terms of OAS and progression-free survival (PFS). Rank probability plots demonstrated nivolumab + EP as the most probable effective treatment modality in terms of OAS and PFS. The usage of anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy agents results in significant OAS advantage, and anti-PD1/PD-L1 agents are superior to anti-CTLA-4 approach in combination with platinum plus etoposide regimen in ED-SCLC.
Cabazitaxel’s ototoxicity: An animal study and histopathologic research
Authors: Bucak Abdulkadir , Özdemir Çiğdem , Kınar Abdullah , Ulu Şahin , Kuzu Selçuk , Günebakan Çağlar , Kahveci Orhan Kemal 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Chemotherapeutic agents can have both serious side effects and ototoxicity, which can be caused by direct toxic effects or by metabolic derangement by the agents. Cabazitaxel (CBZ) is a next-generation semi-synthetic taxane derivative that is effective in both preclinical models of human tumors that are sensitive or resistant to chemotherapy and in patients suffering from progressive prostate cancer despite docetaxel treatment. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the ototoxicity of CBZ in a rat model.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 24 adult male Wistar-Albino rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups. CBZ (Jevtana, Sanofi-Aventis USA) was intraperitoneally administered to Groups 2, 3, and 4 at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg/week, respectively, for 4 consecutive weeks; Group 1 received only i.p. saline at the same time. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed and their cochlea removed for histopathological examination.

Results:
Intraperitoneal administration of CBZ exerted an ototoxic effect on rats, and the histopathological results became worse in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that CBZ may be an ototoxic agent and can damage the cochlea. More clinical studies should be conducted to understand its ototoxicity.
Outcomes of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer in Sri Lanka: A retrospective survival analysis
Authors: Wijesekera Sidath , Alagiyawanna Lanka , Peiris Vimukthini , Silva Damitha Chathuranga , Rupasinghe Tiromi , Balawardena Jayantha , Skandarajah Thurairajah , Jeyakumaran Nadarajah , Gunasekera Dehan , Bandusena Minoli , Joseph Nuradh 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Esophageal carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer among males and sixth most common cancer among females in Sri Lanka. Gastric cancer is less common, but its incidence is gradually rising. We conducted a retrospective analysis of survival of esophageal and gastric cancer patients treated at National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.

Methodology:
Patients with esophageal and gastric cancer treated in three selected oncology units of the National Cancer Institute, Maharagama during 2015 and 2016 were included in the study. Data on clinical and pathological factors were extracted from clinical records. Overall survival (OS), defined as time to death or loss to follow-up, was the primary endpoint. Univariate and multivariate analyses of survival were performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazard model, respectively.

Results:
The study population comprised 374 patients with a median age of 62 years (interquartile range 55–70). Majority (64%) were male and had squamous cell carcinoma (58%). In the sample, 20% were gastric cancers, while 71% were esophageal cancers, and 9% had gastro-esophageal junction tumors. The 2-year OS was 19% in patients treated with curative intent (95% confidence interval [CI] 14–26 months) with those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by radical surgery having the highest survival (P < 0.001, hazard ratio 0.25 [95% CI 0.11–0.56]). Median OS was 2 months (95% CI 1–2 months) in patients treated with palliative intent.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that the outcome of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer is poor in Sri Lanka. Early detection and greater utilization of multimodality treatment could improve outcomes of these patients.
Pharmacognostical studies on whole plant of Mimosa pudica L
Authors: Rajalakshmi Harikrishnan , Sethuramani Amaranathan 
Published: April 2023

Background:

Mimosa pudica is a creeping, diffuse, prickly undershrub of genus mimosa, native to tropical America which is also scattered along tropical and subtropical parts of India. It is well known as a sensitive plant, shame plant, touch-me-not, humble plant, shyness princess, and sleeping plant by virtue of rapid leaf movements in response to touch.

Aim:
The intention of this research was to investigate the morphological, micro anatomical, powder microscopy, proximate, and phytochemical analysis in whole plant of M. pudica.

Materials and Methods:
The investigation on macroscopy, microscopy, and physiochemical and phytochemical analyses were implemented using standard methods.

Results:
This study divulged unique macroscopical and anatomical characters present in the whole plant of M. pudica. The powder microscopy revealed the presence of trichomes, paracytic stomata, starch grains, prismatic crystals, mucilage, and brownish content. The quantitative microscopy performed in epidermal peelings of leaf quantified the epidermal number, stomatal number, stomatal index, and palisade ratio which determine its quality and purity. The proximate analysis performed was within the specific limits. The phytochemical analysis identifies different phytoconstituents in n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract. Further quantitative estimation disclosed that the total quercetin equivalent in 1 g of ethyl acetate extract of M. pudica was to be 13.39 mg and 27.5 mg of total β-sitosterol equivalent in n-hexane extract of M. pudica.

Conclusion:
This research concludes the assessment in whole plant of M. pudica by pharmacognostical, physiochemical, and phytochemical estimation for its identification and confirmation of species epithet from adulterated, substituted, or similar distant group species such as Albizia julibrissin, Acacia dealbata, Neptunia gracilis, and Mimosa tenuiflora.
Quality control of herbal distillates through organoleptic grading indices
Authors: Vinayak Soman , Wilson Eugene , Shreedevi Munuswamy Sampangiramulu , Parameswaran Sathiyarajeswaran , Rajkumar Shyamala , Selvarajan Shinnaraj , Kadalkarai Kanakavalli 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Theeneer or medicinal herbal distillates are simple and effective formulations used in Siddha medicine, which are promising both as a health promoter and as a medicine for a wide range of clinical manifestations. Traditional quality parameters (TQPs) pertaining to Siddha herbal distillates are much more reliable for pre-assessment of its therapeutic potential. The organoleptic characterization such as Niram (color), manam (odor), suvai (taste), and Theeneer ennai (volatile matter) are the factors of TQP, which govern the therapeutic outcome of a distillate.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to develop organoleptic grading standards of classical herbal distillate Oma Theeneer (OT) and to assess the batch variations of OT using grading.

Materials and Methods:
A provisional reference standard sample of herbal distillate OT was prepared from three identical batches each in traditional and glass still with the same operational settings. It was graded based on clarity, color, odor, taste, and volatile tinge to specify the best possible quality made. The grading was assessed with batches of OT study samples prepared as per the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of textual, traditional, and pharmaceutical references to compare its quality.

Results and Conclusion:
With organoleptic grading, the high-quality distillate was identified from the study samples. OT study sample prepared in traditional apparatus was having superior quality and hence a scoring based on the observation and the maximum ideal score was taken as 15. Those prepared as per the textual approach had a high indexing score of 14/15, followed by traditional (12/15), and pharmaceutical SOP (9/15). Appropriate quality scoring as per the organoleptic grading helps to improve batch processing and standardization of the formula. Standardization may include organoleptic grading for maximum outcome.