bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of angiogenic markers in pregnancy with fetal growth restriction
Authors: Palmrich P. , Kalafat E. , Pateisky P. , Schirwani‐Hartl N. , Haberl C. , Herrmann C. , Khalil A. , Binder J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivePregnancies with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are at increased risk for pre‐eclampsia. Angiogenic markers including soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are altered in pregnancies complicated by FGR, but their utility for predicting pre‐eclampsia in growth‐restricted pregnancies is uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of angiogenic markers for predicting the development of pre‐eclampsia in pregnancies with FGR and suspected pre‐eclampsia.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of singleton pregnancies with FGR, defined according to Delphi consensus criteria, which underwent sampling of sFlt‐1 and PlGF for suspicion of pre‐eclampsia at the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, between 2013 and 2020. Women with an established diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia at sampling were excluded. Cox regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association of angiogenic markers with the development of pre‐eclampsia at various timepoints.ResultsIn this cohort of 93 women, pre‐eclampsia was diagnosed in 14 (15.1%) women within 1 week after sampling, 21 (22.6%) within 2 weeks after sampling and 38 (40.9%) at any time after assessment. The sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio consistently showed a stronger association with the development of pre‐eclampsia compared to sFlt‐1 or PlGF alone (pre‐eclampsia within 1 week: area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve, 0.87 vs 0.82 vs 0.72). Models including the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio were associated more strongly with pre‐eclampsia hazard compared to models including sFlt‐1 or PlGF alone (concordance index, 0.790 vs 0.759 vs 0.755). The risk classification capability of the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio decreased after the 2‐week timepoint. The established cut‐off value for the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio of < 38 was effective for ruling out pre‐eclampsia within 2 weeks, with a negative predictive value of 0.933 and sensitivity of 0.952.ConclusionsUse of the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio is preferrable to the use of PlGF alone for the prediction of pre‐eclampsia in pregnancies with FGR. Established cut‐offs for ruling out the development of pre‐eclampsia in the short term seem to be effective in these patients. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The long journey of resistance toward acceptance: Understanding digital forensic accreditation in England and Wales from a social science perspective
Authors: Wilson‐Kovacs Dana , Wyatt David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDrawing on topical academic and practitioner accounts, our contribution examines the challenges of accreditation in digital forensics (DF), specifically, the adoption of ISO/IEC 17025 standard for forensic science support providers in England and Wales. We built on the debate generated by the Forensic Science Regulator's introduction of this standard in DF to reflect on the position and status of DF community of practice. We argue that a social science approach can help illuminate the organizational and professional tensions generated by this development and to understand better the implications for the role of DF specialists and their position in the wider forensic science community.This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Cybercrime Investigation
Crime Scene Investigation > Education and Formation
Synthesis and structure of rhenium carbonyl complexes bearing a saccharinate ligand
Authors: Hasanuzzaman M. , Sarker Mithun Chandra , Al Mamun M. Abdullah , Rajbangshi Subas , Kabir Shariff E. , Nesterov Vladimir N. , Richmond Michael G. , Ghosh Shishir 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSaccharin (sacH) reacts with [Re2(CO)8(NCMe)2] at room temperature to afford dinuclear [Re2(CO)8(μ‐H)(μ‐sac‐κN,O)] (1), which contains a bridging sac ligand coordinated to both rhenium centers using the nitrogen and ketonic oxygen atoms, and the mononuclear compounds [Re(CO)5(sac‐κN)] (2) and cis‐[Re(CO)4(NCMe)(sac‐κN)] (3), both of which contain a sac ligand bonded to rhenium using only the nitrogen atom. Complex 3 that contains an MeCN ligand reacts with tri(2‐furyl)phosphine (PFu3) at room temperature to yield cis‐[Re(CO)4(PFu3)(sac‐κN)] (4). The molecular structures of 1–4 have been established by X‐ray crystallography, and the bonding in compound 1 has been examined by electronic structure calculations.
Einleitung
Authors: Hammermeister Juliane 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungKonzeptionen schulischer politischer Bildung beschreiben Zusammenhänge politischen Lehrens und Lernens. Wenngleich in der Politikdidaktik zu problematisierende Inhaltsfelder sowie Fragen nach dem Prozess der Aneignung bzw. Vermittlung höchst kontrovers diskutiert werden, scheint doch das Ziel politischen Unterrichts unstrittig: Lernende sollen zu politischer Mündigkeit befähigt werden.
Gramsci und eine kritisch-reflexive politische Bildung
Authors: Hammermeister Juliane 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDas nachfolgende Kapitel reflektiert die wesentlichen Resultate der vorangegangenen Argumentation: Ausgehend von Antonio Gramscis allgemeinem, in frühen Aufsätzen entwickelten Bildungsverständnis sollen hier zunächst Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieses Ansatzes für die gegenwärtige Debatte um eine kritische politische Bildung erörtert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund kann ein erster Zugang zur kritischen politischen Bildung und zur Politikdidaktik eröffnet werden, in dem Gramscis Bedeutung für diese Felder aufgezeigt wird. Hierfür sind die Erörterungen des im zweiten Kapitel besprochenen einschlägigen Modells der Sinnbilder zentral.
Das Model of Collective Information Processing (MCIP)
Authors: Schindler Johanna 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIm folgenden Kapitel wird das Model of Collective Information Processing – kurz MCIP – vorgestellt. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Ausarbeitung und Weiterentwicklung eines vorher bereits in Grundzügen skizzierten Modells der Medienrezeption in Gruppen (Schindler & Bartsch, 2019, S. 14–16). Das MCIP stellt den zentralen theoretischen Beitrag der vorliegenden Arbeit dar und verbindet Ansätze und Erkenntnisse aus der Forschung zu (Klein-)Gruppenprozessen und individuellen Informationsverarbeitungsprozessen. Während theoretische Modelle zur Medienrezeption bzw. Informationsverarbeitung in der Regel auf die Individualebene abzielen (siehe 2.3.1), bezieht sich das MCIP auf die Gruppenebene. Es soll in der Lage sein, kollektive Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse zu beschreiben, zu erklären und vorherzusagen. Das MCIP beschäftigt sich also mit kollektiver Informationsverarbeitung im Allgemeinen, wird im empirischen Teil der Arbeit aber auf kollektive Medienrezeptionsprozesse im Speziellen angewandt.﻿Das MCIP baut auf sechs zentralen Annahmen auf: Annahmen 1–3 bilden die Basis des Modells. Sie zielen im Kern auf die Betrachtung von Gruppen als informationsverarbeitende Systeme (Hinsz et al., 1997) ab (siehe 3.1). Annahmen 4–6 bilden das Herzstück des MCIP. Sie nehmen eine Mehrprozess-Perspektive auf Informationsverarbeitung in Gruppen ein und gehen von Systematik und Offenheit als zentrale Dimensionen kollektiver Informationsverarbeitung aus (siehe 3.2). Nach einem zusammenfassenden Überblick werden schließlich aus dem MCIP abgeleitete Forschungsfragen vorgestellt, um das Modell einer ersten empirischen Prüfung zu unterziehen (siehe 3.3). Sie beziehen sich auf die Umsetzbarkeit bzw. Validität eines standardisierten Befragungsinstrumentes für Kleingruppen (FF1–2) und auf die Funktionsweise kollektiver Informationsverarbeitung (FF3–11).﻿
Product-service system-oriented business models: a taxonomy of startups in the mobility sector
Authors: Kurpiela Steffen , Teuteberg Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStartups are becoming increasingly important in the mobility sector and are putting established companies under pressure to adapt their business models. Especially, the automotive industry faces a significant change from an automotive manufacturer towards a mobility provider. However, literature does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the elements and archetypes of product-service system-oriented business models of startups in the mobility sector. This paper provides a taxonomy with six dimensions and 55 characteristics based on the analysis of 34 startups’ business models. Four clusters can be described as the result of a cluster analysis. Thus, a deeper understanding of the business models and a starting point for future research and practical application is provided. Furthermore, based on the results, implications for research and practice like dominated characteristics of product-service system-oriented business models as well as future research directions are pointed out.
A new bargaining solution for finite offer spaces
Authors: de Jonge Dave 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe bargaining problem deals with the question of how far a negotiating agent should concede to its opponent. Classical solutions to this problem, such as the Nash bargaining solution (NBS), are based on the assumption that the set of possible negotiation outcomes forms a continuous space. Recently, however, we proposed a new solution to this problem for scenarios with finite offer spaces de Jonge and Zhang (Auton Agents Multi-Agent Syst 34(1):1–41, 2020). Our idea was to model the bargaining problem as a normal-form game, which we called the concession game, and then pick one of its Nash equilibria as the solution. Unfortunately, however, this game in general has multiple Nash equilibria and it was not clear which of them should be picked. In this paper we fill this gap by defining a new solution to the general problem of how to choose between multiple Nash equilibria, for arbitrary 2-player normal-form games. This solution is based on the assumption that the agent will play either ‘side’ of the game (i.e. as row-player or as column-player) equally often, or with equal probability. We then apply this to the concession game, which ties up the loose ends of our previous work and results in a proper, well-defined, solution to the bargaining problem. The striking conclusion, is that for rational and purely self-interested agents, in most cases the optimal strategy is to agree to the deal that maximizes the sum of the agents’ utilities and not the product of their utilities as the NBS prescribes.
Multimodal video retrieval with CLIP: a user study
Authors: Alpay Tayfun , Magg Sven , Broze Philipp , Speck Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent machine learning advances demonstrate the effectiveness of zero-shot models trained on large amounts of data collected from the internet. Among these, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) has been introduced as a multimodal model with high accuracy on a number of different tasks and domains. However, the unconstrained nature of the model begs the question whether it can be deployed in open-domain real-word applications effectively in front of non-technical users. In this paper, we evaluate whether CLIP can be used for multimodal video retrieval in a real-world environment. For this purpose, we implemented impa, an efficient shot-based retrieval system powered by CLIP. We additionally implemented advanced query functionality in a unified graphical user interface to facilitate an intuitive and efficient usage of CLIP for video retrieval tasks. Finally, we empirically evaluated our retrieval system by performing a user study with video editing professionals and journalists working in the TV news media industry. After having the participants solve open-domain video retrieval tasks, we collected data via questionnaires, interviews, and UI interaction logs. Our evaluation focused on the perceived intuitiveness of retrieval using natural language, retrieval accuracy, and how users interacted with the system’s UI. We found that our advanced features yield higher task accuracy, user ratings, and more efficient queries. Overall, our results show the importance of designing intuitive and efficient user interfaces to be able to deploy large models such as CLIP effectively in real-world scenarios.
Water quality prediction using machine learning models based on grid search method
Authors: Shams Mahmoud Y. , Elshewey Ahmed M. , El-kenawy El-Sayed M. , Ibrahim Abdelhameed , Talaat Fatma M. , Tarek Zahraa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWater quality is very dominant for humans, animals, plants, industries, and the environment. In the last decades, the quality of water has been impacted by contamination and pollution. In this paper, the challenge is to anticipate Water Quality Index (WQI) and Water Quality Classification (WQC), such that WQI is a vital indicator for water validity. In this study, parameters optimization and tuning are utilized to improve the accuracy of several machine learning models, where the machine learning techniques are utilized for the process of predicting WQI and WQC. Grid search is a vital method used for optimizing and tuning the parameters for four classification models and also, for optimizing and tuning the parameters for four regression models. Random forest (RF) model, Extreme Gradient Boosting (Xgboost) model, Gradient Boosting (GB) model, and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) model are used as classification models for predicting WQC. K-nearest neighbor (KNN) regressor model, decision tree (DT) regressor model, support vector regressor (SVR) model, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) regressor model are used as regression models for predicting WQI. In addition, preprocessing step including, data imputation (mean imputation) and data normalization were performed to fit the data and make it convenient for any further processing. The dataset used in this study includes 7 features and 1991 instances. To examine the efficacy of the classification approaches, five assessment metrics were computed: accuracy, recall, precision, Matthews's Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and F1 score. To assess the effectiveness of the regression models, four assessment metrics were computed: Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Median Absolute Error (MedAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). In terms of classification, the testing findings showed that the GB model produced the best results, with an accuracy of 99.50% when predicting WQC values. According to the experimental results, the MLP regressor model outperformed other models in regression and achieved an R2 value of 99.8% while predicting WQI values.
Structural comparison of allophycocyanin variants reveals the molecular basis for their spectral differences
Authors: Gisriel Christopher J. , Elias Eduard , Shen Gaozhong , Soulier Nathan T. , Brudvig Gary W. , Croce Roberta , Bryant Donald A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAllophycocyanins are phycobiliproteins that absorb red light and transfer the energy to the reaction centers of oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and red algae. Recently, it was shown that some allophycocyanins absorb far-red light and that one subset of these allophycocyanins, comprising subunits from the ApcD4 and ApcB3 subfamilies (FRL-AP), form helical nanotubes. The lowest energy absorbance maximum of the oligomeric ApcD4-ApcB3 complexes occurs at 709 nm, which is unlike allophycocyanin (AP; ApcA-ApcB) and allophycocyanin B (AP-B; ApcD-ApcB) trimers that absorb maximally at ~ 650 nm and ~ 670 nm, respectively. The molecular bases of the different spectra of AP variants are presently unclear. To address this, we structurally compared FRL-AP with AP and AP-B, performed spectroscopic analyses on FRL-AP, and leveraged computational approaches. We show that among AP variants, the α-subunit constrains pyrrole ring A of its phycocyanobilin chromophore to different extents, and the coplanarity of ring A with rings B and C sets a baseline for the absorbance maximum of the chromophore. Upon oligomerization, the α-chromophores of all AP variants exhibit a red shift of the absorbance maximum of ~ 25 to 30 nm and band narrowing. We exclude excitonic coupling in FRL-AP as the basis for this red shift and extend the results to discuss AP and AP-B. Instead, we attribute these spectral changes to a conformational alteration of pyrrole ring D, which becomes more coplanar with rings B and C upon oligomerization. This study expands the molecular understanding of light-harvesting attributes of phycobiliproteins and will aid in designing phycobiliproteins for biotechnological applications.
Sources of antibiotics for acute respiratory infection in children aged <5 years children in South Asia: A multicountry study
Authors: Biswas Md Abdullah Al Jubayer , Monjur Mohammad Riashad ,   South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Hassan Md. Zakiul , Homaira Nusrat 
Published: September 2023

Background: In South Asia, a region of almost 2 billion people across 8 countries, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children aged <5 years. Although ~80% of ARIs are due to viral etiology and are often self-limiting, they remain the single largest reason for antibiotic use in children aged <5 years in South Asia. We investigated the sources and dispensing pattern of antibiotics for ARIs in children aged <5 years in South Asia. Methods: We analyzed nationally representative, population-based, publicly available household survey data from 6 South Asian countries’ Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS): Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. The outcome of interest was the source of antibiotics for children aged <5 years who reportedly had symptoms compatible with ARI (cough, fever, and runny nose) and had received antibiotics for the ARI episode in the 2 weeks preceding the survey. We used a generalized estimating equation with an exchangeable correlation structure to account for country-specific cluster-level correlation to estimate the odds of sources of antibiotics usage. Models were adjusted for age, sex, type of place of residence, wealth index, and parents’ education. To analyze the data, we used the sample weight supplied by the DHS to ensure that our results appropriately reflect the target population in each of the countries studied. Results: In total, across the 6 South Asian countries, 24,104 children aged <5 years had symptoms of ARI, 7,587 (31%; 95% CI, 30–33) from received antibiotics. A higher proportion of antibiotic usage for ARIs episodes occurred in Afghanistan (66%), followed by Maldives (53%), Pakistan (45%), and Nepal (43%). Regarding the source of antibiotics, a higher proportion of antibiotics was obtained from the private medical sector in India, followed by unqualified sources in Bangladesh, and the public sector in Afghanistan. Our adjusted multivariable analysis revealed that, in comparison to the public sector, participants were 2.6 times (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6–4.3) more likely to receive antibiotics from private medical sector drug sources in Nepal and 1.3 times more likely (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5) in Afghanistan. Conclusions: In South Asian countries, the private medical sector was the most common primary source of antibiotics for children with ARIs. Targeted efforts to create awareness around antibiotic dispensing and guidelines to improve practices may curtail the use of antibiotics for ARIs in children aged <5 years in South Asia.Disclosures: None
SPSVO: a self-supervised surgical perception stereo visual odometer for endoscopy
Authors: Zhao Junjie , Luo Yang , Li Qimin , Baddour Natalie , Hossen Md Sulayman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccurate tracking and reconstruction of surgical scenes is a critical enabling technology toward autonomous robotic surgery. In endoscopic examinations, computer vision has provided assistance in many aspects, such as aiding in diagnosis or scene reconstruction. Estimation of camera motion and scene reconstruction from intra-abdominal images are challenging due to irregular illumination and weak texture of endoscopic images. Current surgical 3D perception algorithms for camera and object pose estimation rely on geometric information (e.g., points, lines, and surfaces) obtained from optical images. Unfortunately, standard hand-crafted local features for pose estimation usually do not perform well in laparoscopic environments. In this paper, a novel self-supervised Surgical Perception Stereo Visual Odometer (SPSVO) framework is proposed to accurately estimate endoscopic pose and better assist surgeons in locating and diagnosing lesions. The proposed SPSVO system combines a self-learning feature extraction method and a self-supervised matching procedure to overcome the adverse effects of irregular illumination in endoscopic images. The framework of the proposed SPSVO includes image pre-processing, feature extraction, stereo matching, feature tracking, keyframe selection, and pose graph optimization. The SPSVO can simultaneously associate the appearance of extracted feature points and textural information for fast and accurate feature tracking. A nonlinear pose graph optimization method is adopted to facilitate the backend process. The effectiveness of the proposed SPSVO framework is demonstrated on a public endoscopic dataset, with the obtained root mean square error of trajectory tracking reaching 0.278 to 0.690 mm. The computation speed of the proposed SPSVO system can reach 71ms per frame.
“Let the Commander Respond”: The Paradox of Obedience in the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
Authors: Orbach Danny , Bohrer Ziv 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBetween 1870 and 1945, the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy provided uniquely broad legal protection to subordinates who perpetrated crimes under the orders of military superiors. Legal immunity was provided not only to soldiers who obeyed orders contrary to international law, but also to those who under orders violated domestic standing legislation of the Japanese Army. This gave rise to a so-called “paradox of obedience”: while disobedience among officers was rampant, their subordinates were expected to unquestionably obey their orders, even in rebellion against the Japanese government. This mix of blatant disobedience to the system at large on the one hand, and blind obedience to immediate superiors on the other, was a remarkable feature of the Imperial Japanese armed forces. Drawing on legal codes, court cases and juridic writings, we analyze how this “paradox of obedience” encouraged mutinies as well as atrocities, especially in the 1930s and during the Asia-Pacific War.
Final Report of the ILA Committee on Participation in Global Cultural Heritage Governance
Authors: Starrenburg Sophie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInternational cultural heritage regimes such as the World Heritage Convention have faced increasing scrutiny with regard to the impact of heritage governance on local communities. An oft-posited solution to this problem is to increase the possibilities for these communities to participate in decisions that will potentially affect the heritage they live in, with, or around. For international lawyers, this discussion is usually framed through the lens of the right to take part in cultural life guaranteed by human rights law. This case note reflects on theFinal Reportof the International Law Association’s Committee on Participation in Global Cultural Heritage Governance, which analyzes the current state of the law on these issues and formulates several proposals for its future development. The case note underlines the potentialities of human rights-based approaches to heritage management and the importance of adopting a cross-sectoral approach to participation in international governance.