bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Superstrength of Nanostructured Metallic Materials: Their Physical Nature and Hardening Mechanisms
Authors: Valiev R. Z. , Usmanov E. I. , Rezyapova L. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ultrafine grained (UFG) metallic materials obtained by severe plastic deformation (SPD) typically exhibit very high strength properties, whose values are much higher than those predicted by the well-known Hall–Petch relation. Our studies show that the basis for this to occur is that SPD not only forms the UFG structure, but also leads to the formation of other nanostructural features, such as dislocation substructures, nanotwins, and nanosized precipitates of second phases, which additionally contribute to strengthening of materials. At the same time, this analysis of hardening mechanisms indicates that the structure and condition of grain boundaries, namely, their nonequilibrium state and the presence of grain boundary segregations, also substantially contribute to hardening. Taking this into consideration, approaches are discussed to achieve very high strengths in metallic materials by SPD.
P,S-Bidentate Phosphoramidites with (Ra)-BINOL Core in Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution
Authors: Gavrilov K. N. , Chuchelkin I. V. , Trunina V. M. , Firsin I. D. , Bityak Y. P. , Fedorov D. A. , Zimarev V. S. , Goulioukina N. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
New P,S-bidentate phosphoramidite ligands, including these having a stereogenic phosphorus atom in the 1,3,2-dioxaphosphepine ring, have been synthesized on the basis of (Ra)-BINOL and its adamantanyl derivatives. With their participation in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of (E)-1,3-diphenylallyl acetate with dimethyl malonate and the amination with pyrrolidine involving these ligands have afforded selectivity up to 84 and 75% ee, respectively.
Offshore detention: cross-sectional analysis of the health of children and young people seeking asylum in Australia
Authors: Amarasena Lahiru , Samir Nora , Sealy Louise , Hu Nan , Rostami Mohammad Reza , Isaacs David , Gunasekera Hasantha , Young Helen , Agrawal Rishi , Levitt David , Francis Joshua R , Coleman Jacinta , Mares Sarah , Larcombe Penny , Cherian Sarah , Raman Shanti , Lingam Raghu , Zwi Karen 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the health and well-being of children and young people (CYP) seeking asylum subjected to Australia’s immigration policy of indefinite mandatory detention on Nauru.DesignCross-sectional analysis of a cohort of CYP seeking asylum.SettingAustralian paediatric clinicians from 10 health services completed detailed health assessments around the time of transfer from Nauru, mostly to Australia.ParticipantsSixty-two CYP who were ≤18 years on entry into offshore immigration detention on Nauru between 2013 and 2019. Mean age at health assessment was 9 years.Main measuresHealth outcomes were categorised as physical, mental or neurodevelopmental concerns/conditions. Risk and protective factor data were collected using the adverse childhood experiences and refugee-specific adverse childhood experiences tools.ResultsOver half of the CYP (n=32, 52%) were held on Nauru for ≥4 years. The vast majority of CYP had physical health (n=55, 89%) and mental health (n=49, 79%) concerns including self-harm or suicidal ideation/attempt (n=28, 45%). Mental health concerns were more likely in CYP who were school-aged (p=0.001), had been held on Nauru for ≥1 year (p=0.01); originated from the Eastern Mediterranean region (p<0.05); witnessed trauma (p<0.05) or had exposure to ≥4 refugee-specific adverse childhood experiences (p<0.05). Neurodevelopmental concerns were seen in eight children (13%).ConclusionsThis study highlights the almost universal physical and mental health difficulties in a sample of CYP who experienced forced migration and were subjected to Australia’s offshore immigration detention policy. Immigration detention in recipient countries, a known adverse childhood experience, may contribute to or exacerbate harmful outcomes in CYP seeking asylum.
Clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent Kawasaki disease: a nationwide cohort study of 19 456 patients with minimum 3-year follow up
Authors: Kim Sin Young , Shin Ji Seong , Jang Min Sik , Kim Jihye 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent Kawasaki disease (KD).DesignA nationwide, population-based, cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database between 2013 and 2016.PatientsA total of 19 456 patients under the age of 5 years who were diagnosed with initial episode of KD were included. A minimum follow-up period of 3 years was mandatory for inclusion.Main outcome measuresThe epidemiological and clinical profiles were compared between KD patients with and without recurrence.ResultsThe overall recurrence rate of KD was 3.84% (n=748), and the median interval to recurrence was 498 days (IQR: 257–860 days). Approximately 70% of all recurrences occurred within 2 years of the initial diagnosis. The annual proportions of recurrence were 40%, 28%, 18%, 8% and 4% from the first to the fifth year following the initial episode, respectively. Recurrence rates were significantly higher in patients aged <1 year than in those aged 4–5 years (4.65% vs 2.22%) and those who showed resistance to an initial dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (10.00% vs 3.18%). Allergic comorbidities and coronary artery complications at the initial episode were not associated with increased rates of recurrence.ConclusionsWe clearly identified the annual recurrence rates and their intervals from the initial episode according to the various factors identified, including young age and resistance to initial IVIG. Our results, based on a nationwide cohort, can be used as reference for follow-up management in patients with KD and in future studies.
Can artificial intelligence pass the Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists examination? Multi-reader diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Shelmerdine Susan Cheng , Martin Helena , Shirodkar Kapil , Shamshuddin Sameer , Weir-McCall Jonathan Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether an artificial intelligence candidate could pass the rapid (radiographic) reporting component of the Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists (FRCR) examination.

Design
Prospective multi-reader diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting
United Kingdom.

Participants
One artificial intelligence candidate (Smarturgences, Milvue) and 26 radiologists who had passed the FRCR examination in the preceding 12 months.

Main outcome measures
Accuracy and pass rate of the artificial intelligence compared with radiologists across 10 mock FRCR rapid reporting examinations (each examination containing 30 radiographs, requiring 90% accuracy rate to pass).

Results
When non-interpretable images were excluded from the analysis, the artificial intelligence candidate achieved an average overall accuracy of 79.5% (95% confidence interval 74.1% to 84.3%) and passed two of 10 mock FRCR examinations. The average radiologist achieved an average accuracy of 84.8% (76.1-91.9%) and passed four of 10 mock examinations. The sensitivity for the artificial intelligence was 83.6% (95% confidence interval 76.2% to 89.4%) and the specificity was 75.2% (66.7% to 82.5%), compared with summary estimates across all radiologists of 84.1% (81.0% to 87.0%) and 87.3% (85.0% to 89.3%). Across 148/300 radiographs that were correctly interpreted by >90% of radiologists, the artificial intelligence candidate was incorrect in 14/148 (9%). In 20/300 radiographs that most (>50%) radiologists interpreted incorrectly, the artificial intelligence candidate was correct in 10/20 (50%). Most imaging pitfalls related to interpretation of musculoskeletal rather than chest radiographs.

Conclusions
When special dispensation for the artificial intelligence candidate was provided (that is, exclusion of non-interpretable images), the artificial intelligence candidate was able to pass two of 10 mock examinations. Potential exists for the artificial intelligence candidate to improve its radiographic interpretation skills by focusing on musculoskeletal cases and learning to interpret radiographs of the axial skeleton and abdomen that are currently considered “non-interpretable.”
Utility of extended HPV genotyping for the triage of self-sampled HPV-positive women in a screen-and-treat strategy for cervical cancer prevention in Cameroon: a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Broquet Celine , Vassilakos Pierre , Ndam Nsangou François Marcel , Kenfack Bruno , Noubom Michel , Tincho Evelyn , Jeannot Emilien , Wisniak Ania , Petignat Patrick 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the utility of extended Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more (CIN2+) in a ‘screen-and-treat’ strategy for HPV-positive women in low-resource settings.DesignProspective study of diagnostic accuracy.SettingThe study took place in West Cameroon between September 2018 and March 2020.Participants2014 women were recruited. Asymptomatic, non-pregnant women aged 30–49 years without history of CIN treatment, anogenital cancer or hysterectomy were eligible.InterventionsParticipants performed self-sampling for HPV testing with GeneXpert followed by visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine (VIA) triage before treatment if required.Main outcome measuresLiquid-based cytology, biopsies and endocervical brushing were performed in HPV-positive women as quality control. We assessed the detection rate of CIN2+ by HPV genotyping (two pools of genotypes obtained from the Xpert system, pool_1 (HPV 16, 18, 45) and pool_2 (HPV 16, 18, 45, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58)), VIA and cytology.Results382 (18.2%) women were HPV-positive among which 11.5% (n=44) were CIN2+. Of those 44 participants, 41 were triaged positive by extended genotyping, versus 35 by VIA and 33 by cytology. Overall, triage positivity was of 68.4% for extended genotyping, 59.3% for VIA and 14.8% for cytology, with false positive rates of 83.4%, 84.1% and 37.7%, respectively. Extended genotyping had a higher sensitivity for CIN2+ detection (93.2%, CI: 81.3 to 98.6) than VIA (79.5%, CI: 64.7 to 90.2, p=0.034) and cytology (75.0%, CI: 59.7 to 86.8, p=0.005). No significant difference was observed in the overtreatment rate in triaged women by extended genotyping or VIA (9.9%, CI: 8.6 to 11.3, and 8.8%, CI: 7.7 to 10.1), with a ratio of 6.0 and 6.3 women treated per CIN2+ diagnosed.ConclusionTriage of HPV-positive women with extended HPV genotyping improves CIN2+ detection compared with VIA with a minor loss of specificity and could be used to optimize the management of HPV-positive women.Trial registration numberNCT03757299.
Metabolic adverse events associated with systemic corticosteroid therapy—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kulkarni Spoorthy , Durham Hannah , Glover Luke , Ather Osaid , Phillips Veronica , Nemes Szilard , Cousens Leslie , Blomgran Parmis , Ambery Philip 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the risk of new-onset or worsening hyperglycaemia, hypertension, weight gain and hyperlipidaemia with systemic corticosteroid therapy (CST) as reported in published randomised control trial (RCT) studies.Data sourcesLiterature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science and ScopusStudy eligibility criteriaPublished articles on results of RCT with a systemic CST arm with numerical data presented on adverse effect (AE).Participants and interventionsReports of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, weight gain and hyperlipidaemia associated with systemic CST in patients or healthy volunteer’s ≥17 years of age.Study appraisal methodsRisk of bias tool, assessment at the level of AE and key study characteristics.ResultsA total of 5446 articles were screened to include 118 studies with 152 systemic CST arms (total participants=17 113 among which 8569 participants treated with CST). Pooled prevalence of hyperglycaemia in the CST arms within the studies was 10% (95% CI 7% to 14%), with the highest prevalence in respiratory illnesses at 22% (95% CI 9% to 35%). Pooled prevalence of severe hyperglycaemia, hypertension, weight gain and hyperlipidaemia within the corticosteroid arms was 5% (95% CI 2% to 9%), 6% (95% CI 4% to 8%), 13% (95% CI 8% to 18%), 8% (95% CI 4% to 17%), respectively. CST was significantly associated hyperglycaemia, hypertension and weight gain as noted in double-blinded placebo-controlled parallel-arms studies: OR of 2.13 (95% CI 1.66 to 2.72), 1.68 (95% CI 0.96 to 2.95) and 5.20 (95% CI 2.10 to 12.90), respectively. Intravenous therapy posed higher risk than oral therapy: OR of 2.39 (95% CI 1.16 to 4.91).LimitationsThere was significant heterogeneity in the AE definitions and quality of AE reporting in the primary studies and patient populations in the studies. The impact of cumulative dose effect on incidental AE could not be calculated.Conclusions and implications of key findingsSystemic CST use is associated with increased risk of metabolic AEs, which differs for each disease group and route of administration.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020161270.
Understanding and enhancing responses to distress in the construction industry: protocol for a data linkage study
Authors: Wittenhagen Lisa , Doran Christopher , Brady John , Heffernan Edward , Meurk Carla 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionPast research has shown that construction industry workers are at an elevated risk of suicide, however, to date, no study has examined in detail the characteristics of individuals who work in the construction industry and experience distress. This research aims to understand the characteristics, including sociodemographic characteristics, health services utilisation and contacts with non-clinical services, of individuals working within the construction industry and who experience distress, and to quantify the costs and benefits of different help-seeking pathways.Methods and analysisThis study is a data linkage study, based on routinely collected administrative data from construction industry organisations and Queensland Health (QH). Expected outcomes include prevalence of distress, articulated to non-clinical construction industry agencies, descriptive findings on characteristics and help-seeking pathways and health economic analysis. Individuals who experienced distress but who did not contact any of the participating construction industry organisations will not be part of this research.Ethics and disseminationThis data linkage study was approved by Human Research Ethics Committee of The University of Queensland (2021/HE001885). Findings will be presented descriptively to describe the cohort as a whole and stratified by key demographic characteristics, and to provide estimates of prevalence of distress, including timing, frequency and type of contacts. In addition, health economic analysis will be undertaken. Dissemination of findings will be undertaken following consultation of all project investigators, construction industry organisations and peer-led interest groups and lived-experience organisations to ensure translation merit of all findings. Results will be published as peer-reviewed journal articles and publicly available reports.
Development of a novel COMPAssion focused online psyChoTherapy for bereaved informal caregivers: the COMPACT feasibility trial protocol
Authors: Uneno Yu , Kotera Yasuhiro , Fujisawa Daisuke , Kataoka Yuki , Kosugi Kazuhiro , Murata Nanami , Kessoku Takaomi , Ozaki Akihiko , Miyatake Hirotomo , Muto Manabu 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAn easy-to-access and effective psychotherapy for bereaved informal caregivers has not been established. People with higher self-compassion status tend to have lower bereavement related grief, psychotherapy focused on self-compassion can be promising for this population. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of online self-compassion focused psychotherapy for bereaved informal caregivers.Method and analysisA total of 60 study participants will undergo an intervention programme comprising online sessions of 2 hours per week for five consecutive weeks and undertake postsession work. The intervention personnel will comprise psychologists who have received more than 10 hours of structured training. The primary endpoint will be assessed on the intervention completion rate, with secondary endpoints consisting of the Complicated Grief Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, Brief Resilience Scale and Self-Compassion Scale. Evaluations will be conducted preintervention, immediately after intervention, and 4 and 12 weeks after intervention.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan (Approved ID: C1565). The results of this study will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations.Trial registration numberUMIN000048554.
Comparative efficacy, cognitive effects and acceptability of electroconvulsive therapies for the treatment of depression: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Nikolin Stevan , Owens Kieran , Francis-Taylor Rohan , Chaimani Anna , Martin Donel M , Bull Michael , Sackeim Harold A , McLoughlin Declan M , Sienaert Pascal , Kellner Charles H , Loo Colleen 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThere have been important advances in the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to treat major depressive episodes. These include variations to the type of stimulus the brain regions stimulated, and the stimulus parameters (eg, stimulus duration/pulse width). Our aim is to investigate ECT types using a network meta-analysis (NMA) approach and report on comparative treatment efficacy, cognitive side effects and acceptability.MethodWe will conduct a systematic review to identify randomised controlled trials that compared two or more ECT protocols to treat depression. This will be done using the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL and will be supplemented by personal contacts with researchers in the field. All authors will be contacted to provide missing information. Primary outcomes will be symptom severity on a validated continuous clinician-rated scale of depression, cognitive functioning measured using anterograde verbal recall, and acceptability calculated using all-cause drop-outs. Secondary outcomes will include response and remission rates, autobiographical memory following a course of ECT, and anterograde visuospatial recall.Bayesian random effects hierarchical models will compare ECT types. Additional meta-regressions may be conducted to determine the impact of effect modifiers and patient-specific prognostic factors if sufficient data are available.DiscussionThis NMA will facilitate clinician decision making and allow more sophisticated selection of ECT type according to the balance of efficacy, cognitive side effects and acceptability.EthicsThis systematic review and NMA does not require research ethics approval as it will use published aggregate data and will not collect nor disclose individually identifiable participant data.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022357098.
Flare during tapering of biological DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine care: characteristics and predictors
Authors: Terslev L , Ostergaard Mikkel , Georgiadis Stylianos , Brahe Cecilie Heegaard , Ellegaard Karen , Dohn UM , Fana Viktoria , Møller Torsten , Juul Lars , Huynh Tuan Khai , Krabbe Simon , Ornbjerg L M , Glinatsi Daniel , Røgind Henrik , Hansen Annette , Nørregaard Jesper , Jacobsen Søren , Jensen Dorte V , Manilo Natalia , Asmussen Karsten , Boesen Mikael , Rastiemadabadi Zoreh , Morsel-Carlsen Lone , Møller Jakob Møllenbach , Krogh Niels Steen , Hetland Merete Lund 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo identify predictors of flare in a 2-year follow-up study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in sustained clinical remission tapering towards withdrawal of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).MethodsSustained clinical remission was defined as Disease Activity Score for 28 joints (DAS28)-C reactive protein (CRP) ≤2.6 without radiographic progression for >1 year. bDMARDs were tapered according to a mandatory clinical guideline to two-thirds of standard dose at baseline, half of dose at week 16 and discontinuation at week 32. Prospective assessments for 2 years included clinical evaluation, conventional radiography, ultrasound and MRI for signs of inflammation and bone changes. Flare was defined as DAS28-CRP ≥2.6 with ∆DAS28-CRP ≥1.2 from baseline. Baseline predictors of flare were assessed by logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf 142 included patients, 121 (85%) flared during follow-up of which 86% regained remission within 24 weeks after flare. Patients that flared were more often rheumatoid factor positive, had tried more bDMARDs and had higher baseline ultrasound synovitis sum scores than those not flaring. For patients on standard dose, predictors of flare within 16 weeks after reduction to two-thirds of standard dose were baseline MRI-osteitis (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33; p=0.014), gender (female) (OR 6.71; 95% CI 1.68 to 46.12; p=0.005) and disease duration (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11; p=0.020). Baseline predictors for flare within 2 years were ultrasound grey scale synovitis sum score (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.44; p=0.020) and number of previous bDMARDs (OR 4.07; 95% CI 1.35 to 24.72; p=0.007).ConclusionThe majority of real-world patients with RA tapering bDMARDs flared during tapering, with the majority regaining remission after stepwise dose increase. Demographic and imaging parameters (MR-osteitis/ultrasound greyscale synovitis) were independent predictors of immediate flare and flare overall and may be of importance for clinical decision-making in patients eligible for tapering.
Exploring the universality of hadronic jet classification
Authors: Cheung Kingman , Chung Yi-Lun , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Nachman Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe modeling of jet substructure significantly differs between Parton Shower Monte Carlo (PSMC) programs. Despite this, we observe that machine learning classifiers trained on different PSMCs learn nearly the same function. This means that when these classifiers are applied to the same PSMC for testing, they result in nearly the same performance. This classifier universality indicates that a machine learning model trained on one simulation and tested on another simulation (or data) will likely be optimal. Our observations are based on detailed studies of shallow and deep neural networks applied to simulated Lorentz boosted Higgs jet tagging at the LHC.
Estimation of misclassification rate in the Asymptotic Rare and Weak model with sub-Gaussian noises
Authors: Liu Youming , Zhang Zhentao 
Published: December 2022

Motivated by Jin–Ke–Wang’s work (J. Jin, Z. T. Ke and W. Wang, Ann. Statist. 45(5) (2017) 2151–2189), this paper studies estimation of misclassification rate in the Asymptotic Rare and Weak (ARW) model. In contrast to Jin–Ke–Wang’s theorem, we measure the performance of the estimator by the misclassification rate instead of Hamming distance, and extend the Gaussian noise to sub-Gaussian’s. The probability estimation with convergence rate is first given under some conditions. Then we prove that condition necessary as well. A direct corollary of our estimation can be compared with Jin–Ke–Wang’s theorem. It turns out that our statistical limit coincides with theirs.