bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalographic study of the Error Related Negativity in patients suffering from treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Wassouf I. , Dampuré J. , Doolub D. , Harika-Germaneau G. , Jaafari N. , Vibert N. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe physiopathology of patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may differ from that of treatment-responsive patients. Cognitive evoked potentials may be one of the ways to detect these differences. The error-related negativity (ERN) is an electrophysiological correlate of error detection during the execution of a motor task, which is larger in patients with OCD than in typical people. According to the literature, the ERN could vary according the patients’ treatment-resistance.ObjectivesThe main goal of this study was to assess whether the ERN, which begins 20 ms before the motor response and reaches its maximum 80 ms later, was different between non-resistant and highly resistant OCD patients.MethodsForty-seven OCD patients and their age- and gender-matched controls were asked to perform a flanker task while the potentials evoked by their motor responses were recorded. For each participant, the difficulty of the task was adjusted to get an error rate of about 20%. Treatment-resistance was evaluated using Pallanti and Quercioli’s (Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006; 30 400-412) resistance scales.ResultsIn all participants, response errors evoked an ERN at fronto-central electrodes [Fz, FCz, red and green lines on the figure], whereas the negativity was absent or smaller for correct responses (black and blue lines on the figure, both ps < .01). As expected, the ERN of OCD patients was consistently larger and of longer duration than that of control participants (compare the green and blue lines with the red and black ones, respectively). Interestingly, the amplitude of the potentials evoked by correct responses at central and centro-parietal electrodes on the left side of the brain [C5, C3, CP5] was significantly less negative in treatment-resistant patients (all ps < .05). In control participants, the ERN recorded at fronto-central electrodes were followed by a positive wave which reached its maximum between 170 and 270 ms after the response, and was larger after errors than after correct response. In OCD patients in contrast, this positive wave was absent whether the response was correct or not.Image:ConclusionsThe significant correlation observed between OCD patients’ treatment resistance and the potential evoked by correct responses on the left side of the brain suggest that this potential could be used as a marker of treatment-resistance. The absence in OCD patients of the positive wave that follows the ERN in control participants suggests that OCD patients were not fully aware of whether or not their response was correct.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
fMRI neurofeedback leads to long-term symptomatic reduction in treatment-resistant
patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Ferreira S. , Machado-Sousa M. , Vieira R. , Magalhaes R. , Coelho A. , Picó-Pérez M. , Morgado P. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe condition with a profound impact on
the health, social and professional functioning of the patients. More than one third of the
patients do not achieve remission of the symptoms after first‐line treatment with
cognitive‐behavioral therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication.
Neurofeedback is a promising technique that allows the non‐invasive self‐regulation of neural
activity associated with symptomatic manifestation. Previous literature reported preliminary
evidence of positive effects of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback on
OCD symptoms. However, these studies have small samples and/or were not controlled.
Additionally, these studies did not involve treatment‐resistant patients.

Objectives
We aim at developing a fMRI neurofeedback task to treatment-resistant OCD patients and
to explore the underlying brain changes.

Methods
We implemented a sham‐controlled double‐blinded fMRI neurofeedback protocol to target
hyperactivity in orbitofrontal regions in treatment‐resistant OCD patients with
contamination/cleaning symptoms. The protocol had two sessions of neurofeedback (72 min of
total training). The patients included were under treatment‐as‐usual.

Results
Our preliminary results with the experimental group (n = 10
patients) demonstrated decreased OCD and stress symptoms three months after the neurofeedback
sessions. Moreover, immediately after the neurofeedback sessions, we observed reduced
functional connectivity between orbitofrontal and temporoparietal regions, and increased
brain activity in dorsolateral prefrontal and premotor areas during symptomatic provocation.
The brain functional changes might be associated with a better control over
obsessions.

Conclusions
fMRI neurofeedback led to long-term symptomatic reduction in treatment-resistant
patients with OCD. Our results need further validation with the sham‐control group but
highlight the efficacy of fMRI neurofeedback for refractory OCD and the necessity of
prolonged neurofeedback protocols.

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
Bipolar and obsessive-compulsive disorders psychopathological intersection: An exploratory study
Authors: Ferrao Y. A. , Bertoluci M. , Boff L. S. , Beckhauser H. , Ghiorzi I. , Langa G. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionBipolar Mood Disorder (BD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are psychiatric conditions that frequently co-occur and express a challenging phenomenology for treatment and diagnosis, since obsessive-compulsive symptoms tend to fluctuate according to mood phases of BD patients. Understanding the shared psychopathology of this comorbidity has relevant implications for the treatment of these patients, and the hypothesis that BD and OCD would have a shared neurobiology is currently being discussed. Most studies of this comorbidity have examined differences between BD and BD/OCD patients or between OCD and BD/OCD patients. This study aimed to analyze in detail the clinical, phenomenological and psychopathological characteristics of patients with BD, OCD, and BD/OCD.ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze in detail the clinical, phenomenological andpsychopathological characteristics of patients with BD, OCD, and BD/OCD.MethodsThis study consisted of a sample of 21 BD patients, 21 OCD patients and 21 BD/OCD patients who underwent the application of the MINI, Y-BOCS, DY-BOCS, HAM-D, HAM-A, YMRS, of Sensory Phenomena (USP), as well as questions about sociodemographic characteristics, personal and family psychiatric history. We performed the YBOCS scale asking patients with BD to respond 3 times the scale: in the current time (during euthimya) and retrospectively for previous manic or depressive episodes.ResultsBD/OCD group had a higher rate of having stopped working due to comorbid disorders, a higher history of family suicide attempt and completed family suicide, a higher prevalence of substance use disorder in the family, and a higher prevalence of hoarding symptoms. In the BD sample, 47,6% had obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The presence of OCD conferred a higher prevalence of sensory phenomena. Patients reported a 19% (median, 0.19, range -1.00 to 1.88) worsening of OCD during depression, and a 9.5% worsening (median, 0.095, range of -1.00 to 1.36) during the manic phase.ConclusionsThe results suggest that BD/OCD patients have greater loss of functionality, higher rates of hoarding symptoms, family history with greater suicidality and higher rates of substance use disorder (SUD) and worsening of OCD in both mania and depression. The psychopathological findings of this study allow us to conclude that BD/OCD patients have higher morbidity.LIMITATIONS: Small size sample and possible recall bias in the interview, as questions wereasked retrospectively.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Stigma and contact with mental illness in a university population through volunteering: a case-control study
Authors: Madoz-Gúrpide A. , Ochoa Mangado E. , Cuadrado del Rey P. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionStigma in mental illness has a negative impact on the daily functioning of the patient, their personal development and their clinical prognosis. Direct contact with people who suffer from this pathology could modify the stigma towards these populations.ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to assess whether the stigma of mental illness in university students is modified by contact with people suffering from mental illness, established through volunteering activities with that population.MethodsObservational case-control study. The sample is made up of young subjects (18 to 35 years old) who have studied or are studying a university degree during the 2021-2022 academic year. The cases (n=91) are subjects who have ever volunteered with people diagnosed with mental illness. Those who have not had this experience constitute the control group (n=237).The variables were collected by completing an anonymous online questionnaire. To analyze stigma, the Attribution Questionnaire-27 questionnaire was used, which offers a total score as well as 9 domains related to stigma. Statistical analysis (including multiple linear regression) was performed with the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics, version 20.ResultsOnce adjusted for age and gender, the case group scores lower, with statistically significant differences, in the subscales Anger (p-value: 0.001), Dangerousness (p-value: 0.000), Fear (p-value: 0.000 ), Coercion (p-value: 0.028), Segregation (p-value: 0.000), Avoidance (p-value: 0.000), as well as in the Total Score (p-value: 0.000). Likewise, it is also observed that the group of cases score higher on the Help subscale (p-value: 0.002).Coefficients
ModelUnstandardized CoefficientsStandardized Coefficientst
Sig.95% Confidence Interval for BBStd. ErrorBetaLower limitUpper Limit(Constant)72,74510,9316,655,00051,23494,256Volunteering13,1003,196,2364,098,0006,81019,391Age,669,342,1131,956,051-,0041,342Gender-,1962,941-,004-,067,947-5,9835,591a. Dependent Variable: Total ScoreConclusionsPrevious contact with patients with mental illness through voluntary activities seems to favor less stigma towards mental pathology.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Eveningness chronotype and depressive affective temperament associated with higher high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression
Authors: Orsolini L. , Pompili S. , Cicolini A. , Ricci L. , Volpe U. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSeveral studies investigated the role of inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, by also evaluating how CRP may exert a pathoplastic and/or psychopatological role in mood disorders.ObjectivesThe aim of our cross-sectional study is evaluating the high-sensitivity C-reactive-protein (hsCRP) levels in a cohort of unipolar and bipolar depressive inpatients, in relation with psychopathological, temperamental and chronotype features.MethodsAmong 313 screened inpatients, we recruited 133 moderate-to-severe depressive patients who were assessed for hsCRP levels, chronotype with Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and affective temperament with Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS).ResultshsCRP levels were significantly higher among those with previous suicide attempt (p=0.05), death (p=0.018) and self-harm/self-injury thoughts (p=0.011). In addition, hsCRP levels were significantly higher among patients with hypertension (p=0.020) and dyslipidemia (p=0.013). Moreover, positive correlation were found between hsCRP levels and the number of illness of years (p<0.001). Significant positive correlation were found between hsCRP levels and depressive (p<0.001) and cyclothymic (p<0.001) affective temperaments, while a negative correlations were reported between hsCRP levels and hypertimic (p<0.001) and irritable (p=0.029) affective temperaments. Eveningness chronotypes subject displayed higher hsCRP levels compared to intermediate-type and morningness-type chronotypes (p<0.001). Linear regression analyses, adjusted for all covariates, demonstrated that higher scores at the TEMPS-M depressive, while lower scores at the hyperthymic and irritable affective temperaments [F=88.955, R2=0.710, p<0.001] and lower MEQ scores [F=75.456, R2=0.405, p<0.001] statistically significantly predicted higher hsCRP.ConclusionsEveningness chronotype and a depressive affective temperament appeared to be associated with higher hsCRP levels during moderate-to-severe unipolar and bipolar depression. Further longitudinal and larger studies should better characterise patients with mood disorders by investigating the influence of chronotype and temperament.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Comorbidity between physical illness, infection diseases and mental disorders
Authors: Fiorillo A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA paradox of the modern world is represented by the increasing rate of comorbidities, although the life expectancy is increasing worldwide, the number of disease-free years is not improving consequently. Physical comorbidities are often overlooked in people with severe mental disorders, although this problem needs to be adequately managed since it is associated with a worse quality of life and a poorer personal and social functioning. In particular, in people with severe mental disorders is very common the contemporary presence of infectious diseases (mainly TBC and HIV) and other physical conditions, which worsen the long-term prognosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Suicide following treatment with electroconvulsive therapy: A nationwide study of risk factors among 11,780 patients
Authors: Østergaard S. D. , Spanggård A. , Rohde C. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDespite the well-established anti-suicidal effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), patients receiving ECT remain at high risk of dying from suicide.ObjectivesIn the present study, we aimed to quantify this risk and identify risk factors for suicide among patients receiving ECT.MethodsWe used nationwide Danish registers to identify all patients that initiated ECT between 2006 and 2016. These patients were matched on sex and age to 10 reference individuals from the general Danish population. First, we compared 2-year suicide risk between patients initiating ECT and the matched reference individuals. Second, we investigated if any patient characteristics were associated with suicide following ECT via Cox proportional-hazards regression.ResultsA total of 11,780 patients receiving ECT and 117,800 reference individuals were included in the analyses. Among the patients receiving ECT, 161 (1.4%) died from suicide within two years. Compared to the reference individuals, patients receiving ECT had a substantially elevated suicide rate (Hazard rate ratio (HRR)=44.5, 95%CI=31.1-63.6). Among those receiving ECT, we identified the following risk factors for suicide: Male sex (HRR=2.3, 95%CI=1.7-3.1), age 60-70 years (HRR=1.6, 95%CI=1.0-2.6),
Medium-term higher education (HRR=1.5, 95%CI=1.0-2.2); Long-term higher education (HRR=1.9, 95%CI=1.1-3.1), history of substance use disorder (HRR=2.0, 95%CI=1.4-2.8) and history of intentional self-harm/suicide attempt (HRR=4.0, 95%CI=2.8-5.8).ConclusionsAmong patients receiving ECT, those who are male, aged 60-70 years, have mediumterm to long-term higher education, or have a history of substance use disorder or intentional self-harm/suicide attempt, are at particularly elevated risk of suicide. These findings may guide initiatives to reduce the risk of suicide.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Are Linguistic and Motricity domains intertwined in Schizophrenia? A preliminary analysis.
Authors: Magnani F. , Fascendini N. , Lucarini V. , Marchesi C. , Tonna M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe disruption of minimal Self is believed to be a core element of Schizophrenia and intimately connected to a disruption of bodily self, which in turn leads to impairments in intersubjectivity dimension. Motor abnormalities have been associated to Schizophrenia since the early conceptualization of the disorder, as well as inefficient body-related multisensory integration processes are considered nowadays a plausible origin of disembodied Self. In particular, there is evidence for significant abnormalities in Peripersonal Space (PPS) extension in Schizophrenia patients. PPS is the plastic sector of space immediately surrounding our body, whose coherent representation is based on efficient body-related multisensory integration processes. With a specific experimental task based on multisensory integration processing, we estimated PPS size and PPS boundary’s demarcation in 27 Schizophrenia patients, confirming a narrower PPS size and weaker bodily boundary in patients, thus paving the way for a deeper investigation of the mechanisms underlying the disruption of bodily self (Ferroni et al., Schziophr.Bull.2022, 5 1085-1093). We suggest that disembodiment might be responsible for the loss of the immediate linkage between Self and others (“intercorporeality”), so linking the disruption of the corporeal dimension to specific anomalies of intersubjectivity in Schizophrenia patients. Since language is one of the most important instrument through which intersubjectivity unfolds, it is intriguing to hypothesize a connection between language and multi-sensory processing.ObjectivesTherefore, the present study was aimed at investigating possible correlations between patients’ motor impairments in multi-sensory integration processes and their alterations in language and communicative interactions.MethodsTwenty-five outpatients were recruited in an experimental task investigating PPS extension; they were administered the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication (TLC) and the Clinical Language Disorder Rating Scale (CLANG).ResultsOur data showed significant correlations between TLC and CLANG total scores and PPS size, with narrower PPS size for more severe formal thought disorders and higher language and communication impairments.ConclusionsOur preliminary results seem to confirm the presence of a link between language impairment and multi-sensory processing, suggesting that bodily and linguistic disorganization may have a common origin which has yet to be explored in depth. Future research is needed to identify linguistic and motor endophenotypic patterns, potentially intertwined with each other, capable of early predicting Schizophrenia development and thus usable as early diagnostic tools.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Neuropsychiatric presentation of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy occurs to a pregnant Woman: A case report
Authors: Chebli S. , Besbes M. , Felhi R. , Hamdi G. , Paindaveine B. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from thiamine deficiency (vit B1) wich is often associated with chronic alcoholism. The classical presentation is characterized by ophtalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion.Unfortunately, WE is still underdiagnosed because it may not always show up with a classical presentation in one hand, and could also be seen in other non alcoholic condition in an other hand which delay diagnosis and managment of early proper treatementObjectivesThis case highlights the importance of considering atypical presentations of Wernicke’s encephalopathy, it’s medical etiologies and the importance of improving diagnosis to manage early treatementMethodsWe reported a case of a pregnant women who consulted for alterated mental status , asthenia and occurs to have Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to hyperemesis gravidarumResultsMrs X is a 35-year-old pregnant women with a past medical history of a cesarian, an hospitalisation in third month of this pregnancy for vomits, no known psychiatric illness or history of substance abuse. She was brought to the gynecology emergency department for asthenia and altered mental status. MRS X, was lethargic, had not eaten for several days, vomiting for more than a month. On the medical evaluation she appeared confused, disoriented, and unresponsive to verbal or manual redirection and prompting. She had also ataxia and gait incoordination. Laboratory testing was remarkable for lactic acidosis (blood lactate concentration lipasemia and normal electrolyte levels, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was unremarkable.A brain MRI was done and showed FLAIR signal abnormalities around the third ventricle and periaqueductal, suggesting Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy. Thiamine (vit B1) 500mg thrice a day was administrated for the next days in associtation with vitamin B6.ConclusionsWernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute reaction to thiamine deficiency which usually presents with a classical triad. However, Clinicians tend to ignore WE in other non-alcoholic clinical settings and the diagnosis becomes even more difficult when thiamine deficiency presents with unusual neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms like catatonia. This case highlights the importance of considering atypical presentations of WE, it’s medical etiologies and the necessity of a complete medical evaluation and appropriate investigations to make prompt diagnosis and early management.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Quality of life in employees exposed to organic solvents: A study of 196 cases
Authors: Ladhari N. , Chemingui S. , Mechergui N. , Mersni M. , Ernez S. , Brahim D. , Ben Said H. , Bahri G. , Youssef I. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionOccupational exposure to organic solvents remains a real risk for exposed employees, particularly in mental health and quality of life.Objectives- To evaluate the quality of life of employees exposed to organic solvents- To research the professional and extra-professional determinants of this quality of life.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study that compared 196 employees exposed to organic solvents with 64 non-exposed employees from the same socio-professional environment. The investigation took place in four different companies in the governorate of Tunis. An environmental study combining an evaluation of working conditions and atmospheric monitoring was carried out to identify and quantify exposure to solvents. Quality of life was assessed using the SF36 questionnaire in its Arabic version.ResultsThe solvent mixtures to which the employees were exposed mainly contained hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexane, and perchloroethylene. Exposure to these solvents is primarily from glues and paint products. The study population was relatively young (34.1 years +/-9.8), predominantly male (sex ratio=2.2), with an education level of no more than secondary school in 90% of cases, with an average work experience of 10.3 years (+/-8.2) and represented mainly by manual workers (75.4%). The pathological history of the exposed patients was dominated by chronic neuropsychological disorders (48.1%). The global score of SF36 (SFG) was significantly poorer in the solvent-exposed group (SFG= 64.1+/- 21.1 versus 70.1+/-23.3) (p=0.05). Among the eight dimensions of the SF36, a very significant alteration of the dimensions: “perceived health ”, “psychological health” and “repercussion of psychological health on daily activities ” was noted in the solvent-exposed group.The main determinants of the quality of life of workers exposed to solvents were: level of education, frequency of exposure, length of exposure, and company.According to the job-exposure matrix, only “perceived health” appeared to be impaired by high levels of cumulative solvent exposure (p= 0.0006).ConclusionsAccording to this study, organic solvents can affect the quality of life of exposed employees by acting essentially on perceived health, psychological health, and the “impact of psychological health on daily activities”.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared