bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein aggregation: A detrimental symptom or an adaptation mechanism?
Authors: Lippi Alice , Krisko Anita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProtein quality control mechanisms oversee numerous aspects of protein lifetime. From the point of protein synthesis, protein homeostasis machineries take part in folding, solubilization, and/or degradation of impaired proteins. Some proteins follow an alternative path upon loss of their solubility, thus are secluded from the cytosol and form protein aggregates. Protein aggregates differ in their function and composition, rendering protein aggregation a complex phenomenon that continues to receive plenty of attention in the scientific and medical communities. Traditionally, protein aggregates have been associated with aging and a large spectrum of protein folding diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, or cataract. However, a body of evidence suggests that they may act as an adaptive mechanism to overcome transient stressful conditions, serving as a sink for the removal of misfolded proteins from the cytosol or storage compartments for machineries required upon stress release. In this review, we present examples and evidence elaborating different possible roles of protein aggregation and discuss their potential roles in stress survival, aging, and disease, as well as possible anti‐aggregation interventions.image
The limits of thematization
Authors: Zuckerman Charles H. P. , Enfield N. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA fundamental capacity of language is its reflexivity. But not every aspect of language is equally accessible to being reflected upon. Michael Silverstein's 1981 paper, the “Limits of Awareness,” set the terms of this discussion in linguistic anthropology with his study of speakers' “awareness” of pragmatic forms and their corresponding capacity to talk about them. His notion of differential “awareness” of aspects of language has since been foundational to linguistic‐anthropological understandings of language ideologies. Here we consider Silverstein's argument with reference to our research in Laos, exploring the limits of metalinguistic discourse. We argue that the apparent constraints on our capacity to talk about aspects of language do not evidence limits of awareness of elements of language, but rather constraints on our ability to thematize those elements, that is, to bring them into joint attention. The central issue is thematization, and the relation of interest is a relation of joint attention between speakers. Metalanguage is thus constrained not (only) by psychological limits but by the social and semiotic limits on what people can bring into mutual focus within interactions. To present our framing of the issue and show what it helps us see, we distinguish two kinds of thematization and describe their subtypes, affordances, and constraints. We then demonstrate how social conventions—broadly understood—can circumvent these constraints, allowing people to thematize otherwise difficult to thematize forms.
Educational identity and maternal helicopter parenting: Moderation by the perceptions of environmental threat
Authors: Wang Yue , Hawk Skyler Thomas , Branje Susan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis four‐wave study examined longitudinal associations between maternal helicopter parenting and college students' educational identity processes over 1 year, as well as the moderating effects of mothers' perceived environmental threats (i.e., uncertainty and competition). Participants were 349 first‐year university students (39.8% male, Mage = 18.20) and their mothers (Mage = 49.10) in Hong Kong. Latent class growth analysis identified two subgroups based on levels of mothers' threat perceptions (i.e., lower vs. higher). Multi‐group random‐intercept cross‐lagged models found that, at the within‐person level, students' reconsideration of educational commitments positively predicted helicopter parenting only for mothers with higher threat perceptions. These findings mainly support youth‐driven effects on overbearing parenting behaviors. Mothers' threat perceptions might exacerbate these excessive responses to youth's academic turbulence.
Occurrence and clinical relevance of postoperative hypernatremia in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy
Authors: Brunori Lara , Dolan Cormac , Elias Santo‐Domingo Neus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing cholecystectomy have not been reported previously to develop clinically relevant postoperative hypernatremia.ObjectivesDescribe the frequency of postoperative hypernatremia in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy and its clinical relevance (duration of hospitalization and survival).AnimalsThirty‐seven dogs undergoing cholecystectomy at 2 private referral hospitals.MethodsRetrospective study of dogs undergoing cholecystectomy with available preoperative and postoperative serum sodium concentrations.ResultsPostoperative hypernatremia (>150 mEq/L) was common (56%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 40%‐70%) and was associated with significantly higher mortality compared to nonhypernatremic patients (52%; 95% CI, 30%‐70% vs 12.5%; 95% CI, 2%‐40%; P = .02). Nonsurvivors had higher mean postoperative peak serum sodium concentrations (155 mEq/L; range, 146‐172) than survivors (150 mEq/L; range, 142‐156; P = .01). Dogs developing hypernatremia within 6 hours after surgery had 7.7 higher odds of nonsurvival (odds ratio [OR], 7.7; 95% CI, 5.9‐9.4). A delta value (serum sodium concentration on admission [T0] − serum sodium concentration 6 hours postoperatively [T2]) of ≥10 mEq/L carried 3.3 higher odds of mortality (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.6‐5.1). All dogs with a postoperative peak sodium concentration >160 mEq/L did not survive.Admission acute patient physiologic laboratory evaluation fast (APPLEfast) scores were not different between survivors and nonsurvivors or between postoperative hypernatremic and normonatremic patients. Hospitalization time was no different between hypernatremic and normonatremic patients (6 days vs 4.5 days; P = .15). Dogs with gallbladder mucocele were more likely to develop postoperative hypernatremia and have poorer outcomes.ConclusionsHypernatremia was a common and clinically relevant postoperative complication in dogs after cholecystectomy. Detection of hypernatremia within 6 hours after surgery may be associated with poorer outcomes.
Radiographic lung congestion scores in dogs with acute congestive heart failure caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Koster Liza , Vogel Jenna , Springer Cary M. , Hecht Silke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn humans, lung congestion scores are predictive of recurrence of acute congestive heart failure (CHF) and are superior to cardiac biomarkers in predicting survival.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this retrospective study was to determine if a modified lung congestion score (LCS) in dogs diagnosed with acute CHF because of myxomatous mitral valve disease was associated with time until recurrence or death.AnimalsComplete medical records were available for a total of 94 dogs between 2010 and 2019, but only 35 dogs fulfilled the criteria for inclusion.MethodsThis retrospective study used descriptive statistics to describe the cumulative and corrected LCS. Correlations were used to examine the association of the corrected LCS and time until recurrence or death, selected echocardiographic variables, and timing of furosemide administration.ResultsThe mean LCS was 8.4 (SD 3.3) and corrected LCS was 0.48 (SD 0.19). The pattern was predominantly symmetric (40% of dogs) and focal (caudal) but more commonly right‐sided when asymmetric (40% vs 20%). The median number of days after initial diagnosis of acute CHF to readmission and death was 150 days (range 4‐572), and 266 days (range 5‐965), respectively. No significant association between the dog's corrected LCS and number of days until readmission (r = .173, P = .42) nor survival (r = .109, P = .56) was found. There was a negative significant correlation (r = −.71, P < .001) between the time interval of furosemide administration and corrected LCS.
Pioneers of post‐agricultural forest successions are adapted for herbivory avoidance but not biotic seed dispersal
Authors: Mason Norman W. H. , Burrows Lawrence E. , Holdaway Robert J. , Carswell Fiona E. , Richardson Sarah J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuestionNatural reforestation is an important component of climate mitigation and adaptation, but the ecological processes promoting or constraining it are poorly understood. In this study we employ a stand reconstruction approach (which uses ages of extant trees to estimate year of establishment for each individual tree) to test for general trait‐based effects on tree species arrival order in post‐agricultural forest successions.LocationNaturally reforesting post‐agricultural landscapes throughout New Zealand.MethodsAges were obtained for 2434 individuals spanning 30 tree species across a nationwide network of 128 plots in 14 naturally reforesting post‐agricultural sites. These ages were used to calculate individual‐level arrival times (relative to the oldest individual in each plot). We estimated species‐level arrival times by fitting linear mixed‐effects (LME) regressions (with species identity as the fixed effect, and plots nested within sites as the random effects) to individual arrival time data. We used back‐casting (where arrival time data are used to document individual‐level presence in plots through time) to track annual changes in species abundance and community‐weighted mean (CWM) trait values.We used standardised major axis (SMA) regressions to examine the effect of traits related to resource use strategy, herbivory avoidance, seed dispersal and disturbance response on species‐level arrival times. We used LME regressions to test for changes in CWM trait values with stand age.ResultsThe earliest‐arriving species had traits associated with herbivory avoidance, were abiotically dispersed and had short predicted dispersal distances. There was no evidence that traits linked to resource use strategy or disturbance response affected species arrival times. Every significant species‐level relationship was recovered in community‐level LME analyses.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that mammalian herbivore control and enhancement of biotic (bird) seed dispersal may be key management interventions in realising the full climate mitigation and adaptation potential of natural reforestation in post‐agricultural landscapes.
Ecophysiological trait variation in desert versus Mediterranean populations of a gecko
Authors: Schwarz R. , Stark G. , Levin E. , Chapple D. G. , Meiri S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPopulations inhabiting several biomes may experience different abiotic and biotic conditions, exerting local selection pressures. Temperature and water regimes are interconnected variables, that may differ between biomes, and greatly influence ecophysiological traits, such as metabolic and evaporative water loss rates. We hypothesized that Ptyodactylus guttatus (Sinai Fan‐fingered Gecko) individuals, which occupy the Mediterranean and desert biomes across Israel, would follow the “metabolic cold adaptation” hypothesis and be adapted to the microclimate in the biome they inhabit. We thus predicted that desert individuals would prefer lower temperatures, and have lower resting metabolic rates and evaporative water loss rates at higher ambient temperatures than Mediterranean individuals. We also predicted that Mediterranean individuals would have a better body condition than individuals from the desert, because of higher primary productivity in the Mediterranean biome, and would therefore have higher mite loads. We further predicted that geckos from the desert would have longer limbs, enabling them to lose more heat to the environment, according to Allen's rule. To test these hypotheses, we measured the temperature preferences, field body temperatures, resting metabolic rates, evaporative water loss rates, body conditions, mite loads, and limb lengths of 82 P. guttatus individuals collected from four localities two from the desert biome and two from the Mediterranean biome. There were no significant differences in any of the tested traits when comparing between biomes. However, we found some differences in the evaporative water loss rates, body temperatures, body condition, and forelimb lengths between the northernmost and southernmost, and driest and wettest localities, supporting some of our predictions. Our results highlight the importance of the resolution of the analysis. Although some ecophysiological traits of P. guttatus seem to be conserved across localities and biomes, thermal plasticity in these traits may have helped this species reach its current distribution and occupy two biomes.
Investigating dual harm and misconduct in Northern Ireland: A 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Butler Michelle , Kelly Dominic , McNamee Catherine B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates whether men who engage in dual harm while imprisoned are disproportionately involved in committing misconduct during a 1‐year follow‐up period. It also examines whether dual harm is significantly associated with future involvement in misconduct, when other known risk factors for misconduct are considered, and whether this relationship varies depending on the type of misconduct examined.MethodsDrawing on the administrative records of 430 men who were imprisoned during the 1‐year follow‐up period, a combination of descriptive statistics and negative binominal regressions was used to analyse the data.ResultsRoughly one‐in‐four men engaged in dual harm while imprisoned and were responsible for over half of all misconduct incidents recorded during the follow‐up period. A significant relationship between dual harm, as well as violence‐only harm compared to no harm, and future involvement in misconduct was also observed even when other known risk factors for misconduct were considered but only for violent and disorder‐related misconduct, demonstrating this relationship varied by harm history and type of misconduct examined.ConclusionThese findings address previous gaps in knowledge, advancing our understanding of the relationship between dual harm and misconduct. Possible explanations for why, compared to no‐harm history, dual harm as well as violence‐only harm was only related to violent and disorder‐related misconduct are offered, alongside possible implications of this research for policy and practice.
Comparing nursing workload for critically ill adults with and without COVID‐19: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Batassini Érica , Beghetto Mariur Gomes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care environments already required complex work, and, furthermore, the recent COVID‐19 pandemic increased health care demands, disorganized work teams and limited resources. Nonetheless, the real workload of nursing workers in the care for critical patients during this period was seldom investigated.AimTo compare the workload of nursing workers, estimated using the Nursing Activities Score (NAS), in patients with and without COVID‐19 who had been hospitalized in an adult intensive care unit (ICU).Study DesignThis study was developed in the ICU of a public university hospital in the south of Brazil. The workload of nursing workers was estimated using the NAS, which was developed through a retrospective cohort using reports of the assistance registered in electronic records, including the first 10 days of hospitalization of all patients admitted into the ICU in 2020 and 2021, who had at least one NAS evaluation; then, the workload was compared between patients with and without COVID‐19. Generalized estimating equations models were used. The project was approved by the research ethics committee of the institution where the study took place.ResultsThe follow‐up of 3485 patients resulted in 20 506 days of observation during the first 10 days of ICU hospitalization. The mean NAS score for the entire patient/day sample was 85.6 ± 18.1%, with 87.8 ± 17.8% in the COVID‐19 group and 82.6 ± 18.2% in the non‐COVID‐19 group (p < .001). The use of mechanical ventilation, noradrenaline, sedation and neuromuscular blocking drugs, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and haemodialysis increased the value of NAS for patients with or without COVID‐19.ConclusionsThe workload of nursing professionals was higher for COVID‐19 patients than for patients who did not present the disease in the first 10 days of ICU hospitalization.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study presents the impact of COVID‐19 on the ICU nursing workload in Brazil. The high workload found can support management decisions regarding quantity and quality of workforce composition.
Experience and insights from a prolonged electrocardiographic monitorization with a wearable system after an embolic stroke of unknown source
Authors: de Castro Daniel , Toquero‐Ramos Jorge , Jiménez‐Sánchez Diego , García‐Izquierdo Eusebio , Castro‐Urda Víctor , Aguilera‐Agudo Cristina , Domínguez Fernando , García‐Rodríguez Daniel , Vela‐Martín Paula , Remior Paloma , Gómez‐Porro Pablo , Carneado‐Ruiz Joaquín , Fernández‐Lozano Ignacio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmbolic cerebrovascular events that remain of unknown etiology after a thorough diagnostic evaluation, are known as Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source (ESUS). Subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) represents a significant underlying cause of ESUS. Our aims were to examine the overall diagnostic yield of a prolonged cardiac monitoring wearable system (PCMw) after an ESUS to detect AF and factors associated with it, including the time frame from the ESUS event to PCMw initiation. Additionally, to evaluate the frequency of unexpected arrhythmic events (UAE) and their prognostic implications.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 200 ECG recordings (3‐leads, 30 days duration) by means of a PCMw in patients with an ESUS to detect AF lasting longer than 30 s, between 2017 and 2021. UAE were defined as arrhythmia events that were not correlated to the main reason of prolonged cardiac monitoring.ResultsAF was detected in 21 patients (10.5%). Patients with AF had more left atrial enlargement (OR = 4.22 [1.59–6.85]; p = .01) and atrial arrythmias in the initial 24‐h Holter during hospitalization (OR = 5.73 [2.03–16.49]; p = .001). The detection of AF was significatively higher if the PCMw was worn within the first 30 days after the ESUS compared to beyond 30 days (17% vs. 10.3%; p = .002). Fifty three patients (26.5%) had UAE during PCMw. In six of them these findings led to targeted treatment.ConclusionPCMw represents a feasible non‐invasive device that could reliably detect subclinical AF episodes after an ESUS. Diagnostic yield was significatively higher when used within the first 30 days after the event, especially in selected patients. UAE were common, but did not impact prognosis.
Clinical and immunological phenotypes of selective IgM deficiency in children: Results from a multicenter study
Authors: Castagnoli Riccardo , Taietti Ivan , Votto Martina , Naso Matteo , De Filippo Maria , Marseglia Alessia , Montagna Lorenza , De Amici Mara , Avanzini Maria Antonietta , Montagna Daniela , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Licari Amelia ,   the Italian Primary Immunodeficiency NETwork (IPINET)
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundA few studies assessed the clinical and immunological features of selective IgM deficiency (SIgMD), especially in the pediatric age. We aimed to characterize the clinical and immunological phenotypes of a cohort of pediatric patients with SIgMD according to the different diagnostic criteria available.MethodsIn this multicenter study, we evaluated pediatric SIgMD patients diagnosed at the Pediatric Clinic in Pavia, Italy, or through the Italian Primary Immunodeficiency NETwork (IPINET) and monitored changes in their diagnosis over a time frame that ranges from several months to several years.ResultsForty‐eight patients with SIgMD were included (mean serum IgM: 33 mg/dL). The most common clinical manifestations were recurrent infections (67%) and allergies (48%). Subgroup analysis according to SIgMD definition criteria of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) showed no significant difference in clinical manifestations, also considering the group with additional immunological abnormalities. Sixteen patients had long‐term follow‐up, during which 87% preserved their SIgMD diagnosis, while two patients showed a reduction in IgA in addition to low IgM.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the identification of a reduction in serum IgM in children should lead to a complete immunological work‐up to obtain a comprehensive clinical and immunological characterization of the patient. The follow‐up of these patients is fundamental to define the disease evolution and appropriate management.
Optimization of platelet‐rich fibrin
Authors: Miron Richard J. , Fujioka‐Kobayashi Masako , Sculean Anton , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) has gained tremendous popularity in recent years owing to its ability to speed wound healing postsurgery. However, to date, many clinicians are unaware of methods designed to optimize the technology. This overview article will discuss the advancements and improvements made over the years aimed at maximizing cell and growth factor concentrations. First, a general understanding explaining the differences between RPM and RCF (g‐force) is introduced. Then, the low‐speed centrifugation concept, fixed angle versus horizontal centrifugation, and methods to maximize platelet concentrations using optimized protocols will be discussed in detail. Thereafter, the importance of chemically modified PRF tubes without the addition of chemical additives, as well as regulation of temperature to induce/delay clotting, will be thoroughly described. This article is a first of its kind summarizing all recent literature on PRF designed to optimize PRF production for clinical treatment.
Individual prediction tendencies do not generalize across modalities
Authors: Schubert Juliane , Suess Nina , Weisz Nathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPredictive processing theories, which model the brain as a “prediction machine”, explain a wide range of cognitive functions, including learning, perception and action. Furthermore, it is increasingly accepted that aberrant prediction tendencies play a crucial role in psychiatric disorders. Given this explanatory value for clinical psychiatry, prediction tendencies are often implicitly conceptualized as individual traits or as tendencies that generalize across situations. As this has not yet explicitly been shown, in the current study, we quantify to what extent the individual tendency to anticipate sensory features of high probability generalizes across modalities. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we recorded brain activity while participants were presented with a sequence of four different (either visual or auditory) stimuli, which changed according to predefined transitional probabilities of two entropy levels: ordered vs. random. Our results show that, on a group‐level, under conditions of low entropy, stimulus features of high probability are preactivated in the auditory but not in the visual modality. Crucially, the magnitude of the individual tendency to predict sensory events seems not to correlate between the two modalities. Furthermore, reliability statistics indicate poor internal consistency, suggesting that the measures from the different modalities are unlikely to reflect a single, common cognitive process. In sum, our findings suggest that quantification and interpretation of individual prediction tendencies cannot be generalized across modalities.