bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENETAPAN KADAR TANIN DALAM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ANGSANA (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) HASIL MASERASI DAN SOKLETASI MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETER UV-VIS
Authors: Riyanti Hurip Budi , Yeni  , Risa Apriani Wilianita  
Published: February 2023

Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) merupakan jenis pohon yang berasal dari suku Fabaceae yang telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional. Ekstrak daun angsana mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, glikosida dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan metode ekstraksi terhadap kadar senyawa tanin pada ekstrak etanol daun angsana yang diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Penarikan senyawa tanin dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi dan sokletasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Asam galat digunakan sebagai pembanding. Analisa kuantitatif tanin dilakukan dengan pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu dan natrium karbonat yang akan menghasilkan warna biru bila bereaksi dengan tanin. Diperoleh kadar tanin ekstrak etanol daun angsana dengan perbandingan metode ekstraksi maserasi dan ekstraksi sokletasi yaitu 92,39 mg GAE/g dan 197,88 mg GAE/g. Selain itu, ekstraksi metode sokletasi nilai rendemen 24,04% lebih besar dibandingkan rendemen ekstraksi metode maserasi yaitu 10,64%. Berdasarkan hasil uji independent sample t-test diperoleh nilai Signifikan 0,000386 < 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan metode ekstraksi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar tanin ekstrak etanol daun angsana.
Kata kunci: Daun Angsana, Folin-Ciocalteu, Tanin, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis
A Photometric Survey of Globular Cluster Systems in Brightest Cluster Galaxies
Authors: Harris William E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hubble Space Telescope imaging for 26 giant early-type galaxies, all drawn from the MAST archive, is used to carry out photometry of their surrounding globular cluster (GC) systems. Most of these targets are Brightest Cluster Galaxies and their distances range from 24–210 Mpc. The catalogs of photometry, completed with DOLPHOT, are publicly available. The GC color indices are converted to [Fe/H] through a combination of 12 Gyr single stellar population models and direct spectroscopic calibration of the fiducial color index (F475W–F850LP). All of the resulting metallicity distribution functions (MDFs) can be accurately matched by bimodal-Gaussian functions. The GC systems in all of the galaxies also exhibit shallow metallicity gradients with projected galactocentric distance that average

Z
∼

R

gc

−
0.3

. Several parameters of the MDFs including the means, dispersions, and blue/red fractions are summarized. Perhaps the most interesting new result is the trend of blue/red GC fraction with galaxy mass, which connects with predictions from recent simulations of GC formation within hierarchical assembly of large galaxies. The observed trend reveals two major transition stages: for low-mass galaxies, the metal-rich (red) GC fraction f(red) increases steadily with galaxy mass, until halo mass M

h
≃ 3 × 1012
M
⊙. Above this point, more than half the metal-poor (blue) GCs come from accreted satellites and f(red) starts declining. But above a still higher transition point near M

h
≃ 1014
M
⊙, the data hint that f(red) may start to increase again because the metal-rich GCs also become dominated by accreted systems.
Posterior Capsulotomy Size Affects the Formation of Significant Visual Axis Opacification in Congenital and Developmental Cataract
Authors: Yucel Ozlem Eski , Gul Adem 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To assess the relationship between posterior capsulotomy size and significant visual axis opacification (VAO) in congenital and developmental cataract.

Methods:
The charts of children aged 7 years and younger who underwent cataract surgery including primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC) and limited anterior vitrectomy between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Eyes with PPC size smaller than the anterior capsulotomy size were considered as group 1. Eyes with PPC size larger than the anterior capsulotomy size were considered as group 2. Clinical characteristics, the need for Nd:YAG laser treatment or further surgery for significant VAO, and other postoperative complications were compared between the groups.

Results:

Sixty eyes of 41 children were included in the study. The median age at the time of surgery was 5.5 and 3 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively (
P
= .076). Primary intraocular lens implantation was performed in 23 (85.2%) eyes in group 1 and 25 (75.8%) eyes in group 2 (
P
= .364). There was no difference between the groups in terms of postoperative visual acuity (
P
= .983) and refractive errors (
P
= .154). Eight (29.6%) pseudophakic eyes received Nd:YAG laser treatment in group 1, but none of the eyes in group 2 (
P
= .001). Four (14.8%) eyes in group 1 and 1 (3%) eye in group 2 underwent further surgery for VAO (
P
= .100). The need for further intervention for significant VAO was statistically higher in group 1 (44.4% vs 3%,
P
< .001).

Conclusions:
Larger PPC size in pediatric cataract may reduce the need for further intervention for significant VAO.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(6):441–447.]
Comparison of the Ahmed and Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Implants in the Treatment of Primary Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Badawi Abdulrahman H. , Al Owaifeer Adi Mohammed , Mofti Alaa , Al-Shahwan Sami , Al Jadaan Ibrahim , Malik Rizwan 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To compare the outcomes of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) (New World Medical, Inc) with the Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) (Johnson & Johnson Vision) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of children with PCG who underwent AGV or BGI implantation with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of glaucoma medications, success rate, complications, and surgical revisions.

Results:

The study included 153 eyes of 86 patients (120 eyes in the AGV group and 33 eyes in the BGI group), and the mean follow-up period was 58.7 ± 6.9 months in the AGV group and 58.5 ± 5.0 months in the BGI group. At baseline, IOP was lower in the AGV group (33 ± 6.3 vs 36.4 ± 6.1 months;
P
= .004) and the number of glaucoma medications was comparable between groups (3.4 ± 0.9 vs 3.6 ± 0.5 medication;
P
= .183). At 5 years, the mean IOP (18.4 ± 5.0 vs 16.3 ± 2.5 mm Hg;
P
= .004) and number of glaucoma medications (2.1 ± 1.3 vs 1.0 ± 1.0 medication;
P
= .001) were significantly less in the BGI group. Furthermore, the surgical success was 53.4% in the AGV group and 78.8% in the BGI group (
P
= .013).

Conclusions:
Both the AGV and BGI were successful in providing adequate IOP control in patients with PCG. Long-term follow-up showed that the BGI was associated with a lower IOP, fewer glaucoma medications, and a higher success rate.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(6):448–454.]
Comparison of Holmium
Authors: Kuo Chih-Chun , Kuei Chia-Hao , Liao Chun-Hou , Lin Yu-Hua 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the use of the Holmium: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser versus the conventional dorsal-slit procedure for adult male circumcision.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2020 to December 2020, 60 adult men diagnosed with as having phimosis and received circumcision were enrolled. Patients received either Holmium: YAG laser circumcision or conventional circumcision. In this study, we assessed the difference between the groups.

Results:
Although the operative time and blood loss decreased more in the Holmium: YAG laser circumcision group than in the conventional circumcision group (P < 0.001), a longer short-term delay in wound healing was observed in the laser circumcision group than in the conventional circumcision during the follow-up course (20.0% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.04). Our results also demonstrated no significant difference between the two groups in pain control, postoperative prepuce edema, prepuce redundancy, infection, or hematoma occurrence (P > 0.05). Microscopy findings of the resected prepuce in the Holmium: YAG laser circumcision group demonstrated a high percentage of coagulated small capillaries near the cutting edge.

Conclusion:
The holmium laser seems to be a concrete and feasible option for circumcision. Although patients undergoing holmium laser circumcision benefit from less blood loss and a rapid surgery compared to the conventional procedure, there is a higher risk of poor wound healing in short-term follow-up.
Spatial and Temporal Diversity Variation in the Anopheles Communities in Malaria-Endemic Regions of Colombia
Authors: Naranjo-Díaz Nelson , C. Hernández-Valencia Juan , F. Gómez Giovan , M. Correa Margarita 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT.
This study aimed to evaluate at a temporospatial scale, the influence of anthropogenic land cover changes in the Anopheles species community composition and diversity in two Colombian malaria-endemic regions, Bajo Cauca and Pacific. To determine variations over time, mosquitoes were collected in two time periods; land cover types were characterized on orthorectified aerial photographs, and landscape metrics were estimated for each locality and period. A temporal dissimilarity analysis to evaluated species replacement and the nestedness species loss/gain showed the influence of the species loss or gain component on Anopheles species assemblage (23%). The relationship between land cover variation and Anopheles beta diversity, evaluated by regression analysis, showed the effect of forest variation in the Anopheles community (βsim and forest r2 = 0.9323; βsne and forest r2 = 0.9425). Furthermore, a canonical correspondence analysis showed that the land cover types associated with Anopheles species presence were bare soil, shrub, wet areas, and forest. Results demonstrated the impact of land cover changes attributed to human activities on Anopheles population dynamics, over time; this was evidenced as species loss or gain, which was specific to each locality. Notably, the main malaria vectors were dominant in most localities over time, suggesting their tolerance to anthropogenic transformations; alternatively, the environmental changes are providing adequate ecological conditions for their persistence. Finally, the data generated are relevant for understanding the impact that environmental change may have on the dynamics of the neotropical malaria vectors. Thus, this research has potential implications for vector control interventions.
Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness and Challenges of Online EFL Assessment in Libya during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Baresh Eman Fathia 
Published: February 2023

Online platforms have been embraced in the teaching and learning of English as a second and foreign language in almost every country in the world. Many studies have found out that the online medium is effective in the ESL/EFL teaching and learning. However, the area or assessment is still a challenge to many teachers and students in ESL/EFL teaching and learning. Therefore, this study investigates the Libyan undergraduates’ perceptions of online assessment. A survey research design is adopted for the study. Data were collected from 105 Libyan undergraduates from six universities using a questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis. The findings reveal that the students have positive perceptions towards online assessment because it is convenient, flexible and give instant feedback. In addition, the findings show that the online assessment motivates them to learn subject matter. They prefer the online assessment than the traditional assessment because online assessment is suitable for all subjects and students respectively. It enhances technical skills as well as self-learning skills. Many Libyan undergraduates are motivated and aware of the benefit of online assessment. On the other hand, the findings indicate that the students perceive online assessment to facilitate cheating among students.
Roman Analysis of Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck by Hamka through Critical Literature Approach
Authors: Ahmad Ridhai Asis  , Burhanuddin  
Published: February 2023

This study aims to describe the results of the analysis of the Roman Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck by Hamka. This research approach used a critical literacy approach to criticize the meaning or purpose of the author expressing his message through a symbolic romance. The results of this study indicated that : (1) Hamka presented events through the theme of an unsuccessful love story/unacceptable love story which critically symbolized the desire for independence of the natives of colonialism that had not been conveyed ; (2) The plot used combines the loose groove and the back-and-forth groove which critically symbolizes a long and winding to struggle ; (3) The point of view used was third person singular which was a feature of the author's symbolic expression that criticized government associability ; (4) The characters of the novel created by the author symbolized by the indigenous context at that time critically symbolizing fighters and allies as well as invaders that were always in conflict ; (5) The message conveyed was a moral message that focused on the character of Zainuddin who struggled on differences of ethnicity, customs, and ideology which critically symbolized the struggle which in context at that time was not yet fully independent from colonialism
Postural balance strategies for experienced rhythmic gymnasts in two-legged stands
Authors: Konovalova L. A. , Vasiljev R. , Lysenko L. G. 
Published: February 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the indicators of the distribution of plantar pressure in the two-legged stands with open and closed eyes in experienced rhythmic gymnasts.Materials and methods: 31 highly qualified gymnasts (candidates and masters of sports of Russia), age 18.5 ± 0.5 years, experience in rhythmic gymnastics 13.5 ± 1.5, performed three upright postures on the footscan ® podometric platform of RSscan: the main stand, a modified Romberg test with open and closed eyes. Postural control was assessed by quantifying the plantar pressure (P%) in relation to 4 zones of the right and left foot and the trajectory of the movement of the center of pressure (CP) over time intervals.Results: The results of the study showed the presence of a right-sided distribution of plantar pressure in two-legged stands in experienced gymnasts. The regulation of posture occurs mainly in the anterior-posterior direction, but has different strategies for managing balance. The sagittal-cross pattern determines the interaction of plantar pressure between the right and left feet in the basic pose. The Romberg test with open eyes (EO) and closed eyes (EC) characterizes sagittal-parallel and sagittal-asymmetric balance, respectively. We revealed an increase in the vibrations of the gymnast's body in the absence of visual information for only the first 12 seconds.Conclusions: We have identified a variety of combinations of two types of strategies while maintaining posture in simple poses. This indicates the ability of experienced gymnasts to fine-tune the postural stability, including in the absence of visual information.
Rapid Pitting of Copper Tube from Deposits of Cathodic Manganese in Hot Water Systems: Mechanism and Effects of Water Chemistry
Authors: Wait Kory , Roy Siddhartha , Edwards Marc A. 
Published: February 2023

A large building with water frequently above 65°C experienced at least 300 leaks in a hot water recirculating line. The leaks were unusual, as they occurred along the very top of horizontal pipes that were heavily coated with iron and manganese sediment on the bottom half of the pipe. This etiology of the leaks is inconsistent with under-deposit corrosion but consistent with a previously hypothesized mechanism of chemistry-related hot water pitting. We verify this mechanism for the first time by: (1) developing a macrocell setup to test the proposed anodic and cathodic reaction and (2) determining how water chemistry can promote or inhibit this form of nonuniform corrosion. The macrocell demonstrated that copper or stainless steel coated with manganese oxides were highly cathodic relative to an anodic exposed copper surface. Pitting current densities as high as 200 µA/cm2 were found in the worst-case conditions at pH 8.2 in waters with a high ratio of sulfate to bicarbonate. High levels of silica inhibited pitting corrosion currents, but orthophosphate inhibitors did not. No iron oxide coatings tested in this work had cathodic tendencies.
Heavy snowfall event over the Swiss Alps: did wind shear impact secondary ice production?
Authors: Dedekind Zane , Grazioli Jacopo , Austin Philip H. , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The change in wind direction and speed with height, referred to as vertical wind shear, causes enhanced turbulence in the atmosphere. As a result, there are enhanced interactions between ice particles that break up during collisions in clouds which could cause heavy snowfall. For example, intense dual-polarization Doppler signatures in conjunction with strong vertical wind shear were observed by an X-band weather radar during a wintertime high-intensity precipitation event over the Swiss Alps. An enhancement of differential phase shift (Kdp>1∘ km−1) around −15 ∘C suggested that a large population of oblate ice particles was present in the atmosphere. Here, we show that ice–graupel collisions are a likely origin of this population, probably enhanced by turbulence. We perform sensitivity simulations that include ice–graupel collisions of a cold frontal passage to investigate whether these simulations can capture the event better and whether the vertical wind shear had an impact on the secondary ice production (SIP) rate. The simulations are conducted with the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO), at a 1 km horizontal grid spacing in the Davos region in Switzerland. The rime-splintering simulations could not reproduce the high ice crystal number concentrations, produced too large ice particles and therefore overestimated the radar reflectivity. The collisional-breakup simulations reproduced both the measured horizontal reflectivity and the ground-based observations of hydrometeor number concentration more accurately (∼20 L−1). During 14:30–15:45 UTC the vertical wind shear strengthened by 60 % within the region favorable for SIP. Calculation of the mutual information between the SIP rate and vertical wind shear and updraft velocity suggests that the SIP rate is best predicted by the vertical wind shear rather than the updraft velocity. The ice–graupel simulations were insensitive to the parameters in the model that control the size threshold for the conversion from ice to graupel and snow to graupel.
Retrieval of microphysical parameters of monsoonal rain using X-band dual-polarization radar: their seasonal dependence and evaluation
Authors: Abhijeet Kumar , Rao Thota Narayana , Rao Nidamanuri Rama , Jyothi Kasimahanthi Amar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Multiyear measurements from a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer (5 years) and X-band dual-polarization radar (2 years) made at Gadanki (13.5∘ N, 79.18∘ E), a low-latitude station, are used to (i) retrieve appropriate raindrop size distribution (DSD) relations for monsoonal rain, (ii) understand their dependency on temperature, the raindrop size shape model and season and (iii) assess polarimetric radar DSD retrievals by various popular techniques (the exponential (Exp), constrained Gamma (CG), normalized Gamma (N-Gamma) and β methods). The coefficients obtained for different DSD relations for monsoonal rain are found to be different from those of existing relations elsewhere. The seasonal variation in DSD is quite large and significant, and as a result, the coefficients also vary considerably between the seasons. The slope of the drop size–shape relation, assumed to be constant in several
studies, varies considerably between the seasons, with warmer seasons showing a smaller slope value than the cold season. It is found that the constant (0.062)
used in linear drop shape models is valid only for the cold season. The derived coefficients for the CG method for different seasons coupled with those available in the literature reveal that the warm seasons/regions typically
have larger curvature and slope values than in the cold seasons/regions. The coefficients of the mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) and differential reflectivity (ZDR) exhibit a strong dependency on the drop shape model, while those for the derivation intercept parameter exhibit a strong seasonal dependency. Using the retrieved relations and X-band polarimetric radar at Gadanki, four popular DSD methods are evaluated against disdrometer
measurements collected over 12 events. All the methods estimated Dm reasonably well with the small root mean square error but failed to estimate the intercept parameter accurately. Only the N-gamma method estimated the normalized intercept parameter reasonably. Problems associated with specific differential-phase (KDP)-based estimates close to the radar location, particularly during overhead convection, are also discussed.
Aerial observations of sea ice breakup by ship waves
Authors: Dumas-Lefebvre Elie , Dumont Dany 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. We provide high-resolution in situ observations of wave-induced sea ice breakup in the natural environment. In order to obtain such data, a drone was deployed from the Canadian Coast Guard ship Amundsen as it sailed in the vicinity of large ice floes in Baffin Bay and in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. The footage recorded during these experiments was used to obtain the floe size distribution (FSD) and the temporal evolution of the breakup. Floe-area-weighted FSDs exhibit a modal shape, indicating that a preferential size is generated by wave-induced breakup. Furthermore, the increase of the mode of the distribution with greater thickness indicates that ice thickness plays a defined role in determining the preferential size. Comparison with relevant theory suggests that the maximum floe size is dictated not only by the ice rigidity but also by the incident wavelength. It was also observed that the in-ice wavelength is smaller than the estimated incident wavelength, suggesting that waves responsible for the breakup obey mass loading dispersion. The fact that the breakup advances almost as fast as the wave energy suggests that fatigue might not have been an important physical component during the experiments. Moreover, the observed breakup extents show that thicker ice can attenuate waves less than thinner ice. Overall, this dataset provides key information on wave-induced sea ice breakup and highlights the potential for better understanding the physics of natural sea ice in response to waves.