bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of p53 Expression in Various Grades of Epithelial Dysplasia
Authors: Patil Swati Krishnakant , Gawande Madhuri , Chaudhari Minal S. , Sharma Preethi N. , Hande Alka H. , Sonone Archana 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Potentially malignant disorders in oral mucosa represent the morphological steps of epithelial transformation in the form of various grades of dysplasia. Only few cases of dysplasia evolve into carcinoma, and there is no specific markers invented which can predict the probability of progression. Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage course which constitutes a sequence of molecular events resulting in cell cycle dysregulation. p53 is the most commonly affected tumor suppressor gene. p53 mutation leads to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells as well as increased p53 protein. p53 overexpression has been suggested to be consistent indicator for the development of oral cancer. The objective of this study is to investigate p53 immunohistochemical expression in various grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (ED) and to estimate the correlations between their expression levels in various grades of dysplasia.

Materials and Methods:
This study is done at the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SPDC, Wardha. Total four groups were taken. Ten patients each of mild, moderate, and severe ED, i.e., total-30 patients and 10 control patients. The sample size required for the group was calculated by using the required formula. p53-positive cells were counted in 5 high power field (HPF) in all grades of ED and labeling index was measured.

Results:
Analysis of variance test was applied to see the differences in the p53 expression.

Conclusion:
The increase in the p53 expression in epithelium correlates to various grades of EDs.
Anthropometry Measurements and Nutritional Status of Children Attending Anganwadis in Rural Areas
Authors: Patel Ansi , Gada Hrutu , Menon Meera , Panicker Adithya , Patil Nikita , Bora Sumer 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The study is regarding the effectiveness of ICDS scheme in India which is for the benefits of children's nutrition and health.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to determine the assessment of the nutritional status of children attending Anganwadi in Seloo and Deoli.

Objective:
The objective is to assess the nutritional status of children according to American Association for Health Education in Anganwadi at the village Seloo and Deoli of Wardha district.

Materials and Methods:
All the students of Seloo and Deoli taken as subject for anthropometric measurements to asses nutritional status. Study type is cross sectional study.

Results:
In Seloo, almost 56.6% of children are underweight. In Deoli, almost 50% of children are underweight.

Conclusion:
The overall prevalence of undernutrition in the study population was assessed, and severe undernutrition was found to be present.
Evaluation of Rapid Antigen Test for Detection of SARS-COV2 Virus in Comparison with Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay
Authors: Mantur Prakash G. , Bagali Smitha , Sani Gandhi , Shahapur Praveen , Honnutagi Rajesh , Patil Mallangouda M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread worldwide. Antigen point-of-care tests are needed to help speed up the testing of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection assay to the SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.

Materials and Methods:
COVID-19 infection suspected patients and contact individuals provided 185 respiratory samples (mostly nasopharyngeal and throat swabs) during the study from April to June 2021. The rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test was compared to the real-time RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 detection in respiratory specimens.

Results:
By real-time RT-PCR testing, 80 (43.2%) of 185 respiratory samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while 105 (56.8%) were negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the fast SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test were 63.1% and 90.1%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The sensitivity and specificity of the fast assay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection were comparable to those of the real-time RT-PCR assay. As a result, the rapid and easy SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test could be used as a screening assay.
Dermatological conditions associated with dental professionals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzaid Raghad Mohammed , Togoo Rafi Ahmad , Alshehri Amjad Saad , Alribah Raneem Mohammed , Asiri Rawan Zaid , Alhefze Raneem Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:Dental professionals and students are commonly exposed to occupation-related skin lesions, characterized as contact dermatitis (like allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, contact urticaria), that are commonly observed on hands and fingers. The present study evaluated the prevalence of skin lesions, knowledge about risk factors, and prevention of dermatological lesions among dental students and dental professionals.Methods:The present observational study was carried out on 100 study subjects, including dental students and staff, using a self-administered and structured questionnaire to assess demographic variables, awareness information, and knowledge about work-related skin lesions. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using IBM’s Statical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results:Sixty percent of the total number of subjects were dental students and 40% were dentists. 56.8% of the subjects were female and 43.2% were male, with a maximum of 0–5 years of practice/experience. The most common symptoms of skin lesions were itching and erythema, especially on the hands and fingers. Only 15.6% had their treatment done by dermatologists, and 7% underwent skin prick tests. Latex allergy was most familiar with feature of facial edema. The use of hand sanitizers, soaps, and protective cream was limited among the subjects.Conclusion:There was a lack of awareness among both the dentists and students regarding work-related skin lesions and getting them treated by dermatologists at the earliest, though the dentists’ level of knowledge was better than that of the students. Thus, various educational programs on dermatological lesions should be implemented so that dental professionals and students take necessary precautions and seek treatment for skin disorders.
Comparison of the efficacy of venlafaxine and bupropion in the treatment of depressive episode in patients with bipolar II disorder
Authors: Fakhri Ahmad , Asadi Khatereh , Pakseresht Sirous , Norouzi Shahin , Rostami Hamzeh 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Depressive disorders are common among those with bipolar disorder II (BD II) and may necessitate the use of antidepressants. Because of the lack of quality evidence, there is controversy about the use of antidepressants in BD II. The aim was to compare the efficacy of venlafaxine and bupropion in the treatment of depressive episode in BD II.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized triple-blind clinical trial study was conducted on patient with depressive episode of BD II (based on diagnostic and statistical manual of disorders [DSM-V] criteria) referred to the specialized clinic of Golestan Hospital. A total of 40 patients were randomly divided into two groups of receiving venlafaxine (75 mg/day) or bupropion (100 mg/day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the intervention, the effectiveness of treatment was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).

Results:
The results of this study showed that the HDRS score before treatment (P = 0.43) and after treatment (P = 0.15) was not significantly different between the two groups. HDRS score in both groups significantly decreased after 4 weeks (P < 0.0001). Although the rate of decrease in depression score was more in venlafaxine than in bupropion, these differences were not significant (% 36.7 ± 21.8 vs. % 45.3 ± 17.9, P value = 0.17).

Conclusion:
Our study showed that short-term (4-weeks) treatments of venlafaxine and bupropion were equally effective and could be a safe and effective antidepressant monotherapy for BD II major depression. It is suggested that more studies be conducted with larger sample size and over longer periods of time in a multicenter manner.
Treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis on daily fixed-dose combination drugs: A cohort study from Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Prajapati Arpit C. , Shah Tejas , Panchal Sagar , Joshi Bhavin , Shringarpure Kalpita , Jakasania Arjunkumar , Kathirvel Soundappan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
The National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) has been progressive in addressing the issues related to tuberculosis (TB) control in the country, with constant programmatic changes based on evidence available from operational research. Our objectives were 1. to assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the treatment outcomes of patients on fixed-dose combination (FDC) daily regimen and 2. to assess the factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes among patients with DS-TB.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on record review. The study population included all patients with drug-sensitive TB, registered and initiated on treatment under NTEP “new category” from January to June 2018 and under “previously treated category” from January to March 2018. Quantitative data downloaded from Nikshay in Excel format was imported.

Results:
A total of 8301 patients with DS-TB registered under NTEP. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of DS-TB patients was 35.3 + 16.9 years, and 63.2% were in the age group of 15–44 years. Also, 60.1% were male, 2.5% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, 65.3% were pulmonary TB cases, and 70.4% obtained treatment from public providers. Proportion of “successful” and “unsuccessful” outcomes was 87.9% and 12.1%, respectively, in the new treatment category and 78.3% and 21.7%, respectively, in the previously treated category. Among the patients classified under new category, the unsuccessful treatment outcome remained significantly high after adjustments with known confounders among patients aged 45–54 years (adjusted relative risks [aRR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–1.93) and 55–64 years (aRR 1.67, 95% CI 1.36–2.05) compared to patients aged <15 years.

Conclusion:
Unsuccessful treatment outcome was significantly high among patients aged 45–54 years. Various adherence mechanisms implemented can be evaluated for further upscaling and improving the program effectiveness.
Evaluation of learning environment of different family medicine programs, Jeddah-KSA, 2021
Authors: Alahmadi Abeer M. , Albaz Noof K. , Alharbi Nouf S. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
A supportive educational climate in which learners are educated and monitored is a significant determinant of the medical trainees’ performance and progress and eventually contributes to better patient care. Therefore, residents’ training programs need to be assessed and incorporated according to the views and expectations of the candidates. The objectives of this research are to compare and evaluate the learning environment of Family Medicine (FM) programs in Jeddah and make practical recommendations for improvement of the learning environment.

Methods:
A descriptive causal-comparative study was designed at FM programs in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during January, and February 2021, including all residents from R1 to R4. A Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) questionnaire was used in this study. The overall score and the three domains were calculated.

Results:
Two hundred and eighty-three questionnaires were distributed, and 262 were completed and collected, making a response rate of 92.6%. Females represented were 150 (57.3%), and males were 112 (42.7%). The study shows that 78 (29.8%) of the residents reported that the learning environment was excellent, and 154 (58.8%) described it as a more positive than the negative environment, whereas 29 (11.1%) described it as having a lot of problems. Out of 160 maximum scores, the highest total score (127) was observed among residents at the National Guard program, whereas the lowest score (108) was in the FM joint program, P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
Evaluation of the training programs is an essential component of quality assurance procedures. The satisfaction of the FM residents at different programs in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is better than reported previously, but however, further improvement is warranted. Juniors and residents of the National Guard program were more satisfied than their peers. We recommend low score items should have special consideration from high authorities and ongoing evaluation of the FM training program for further improvement of the learning environment.
Comparison of patients’ perceptions of family physicians’ patient-centeredness between virtual and in-person clinical encounters: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Piccinini-Vallis Helena , Zed Joanna , Easley Julie 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
A clinician’s patient-centeredness is a core construct of quality healthcare and is associated with several positive patient outcomes. This study aimed to compare patient-perceived patient centeredness between in-person and virtual clinical encounters during the coronavirus pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
Participants completed an online anonymous questionnaire pertaining to a recent clinical encounter. Patients of an academic family medicine teaching clinic scheduled for either an in-person or a virtual clinical encounter were recruited by phone over a two-month period. Using the patient-centered clinical method as a conceptual framework, patient-perceived patient centeredness was measured by the Patient-Perceived Patient-Centeredness Questionnaire-Revised (PPPC-R), consisting of 18 items that reflect three factors (healthcare process, context and relationship, and roles).

Results:
The sample consisted of 72 participants. There was no difference in the PPPC-R scores between participants who received in-person and those who received virtual care. However, the mean ranks for the PPPC-R total score and for all three factors were higher for participants who saw a family physician compared to participants who saw a family medicine learner.

Conclusion:
Family physicians provided similar quality healthcare, measured through a patient-perceived patient-centeredness lens, via both virtual and in-person appointments. These results support sustaining virtual care when deemed appropriate by both patient and clinician.
Bacteriological profiles and antibiotic susceptibility of neonatal sepsis in a university hospital of Northern India
Authors: Siddiqui Tasneem , Dubey Akanksha , Kar Mitra , Patel Sangram S. , Sahu Chinmoy , Ghoshal Ujjala 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Knowledge of epidemiology of bacterial isolates and their anti-biograms in hospital settings is necessary for prompt empirical anti-microbial therapy of neonatal sepsis.

Aims:
To study risk factors, bacteriological profiles, and anti-biograms of blood culture isolates of both early and late onset neonatal sepsis.

Settings and Design:
It is a prospective observational study conducted from January 2020 till July 2021 at our tertiary care center.

Material and Methods:
Neonates (0–28 days) admitted to this neonatal intensive care unit clinically suspected with sepsis were subjected to blood cultures, and the isolates were identified both biochemically and by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed as per CLSI guidelines.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-square test was used.

Results:
Out of 280 suspected cases of neonatal sepsis, 43 (15.3%) cases showed positive blood culture. Of these, the majority (30, 69.8%) had late-onset neonatal sepsis. Major pre-disposing risk factors were pre-term birth and a low birth weight (26, 60.5%). Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 25 (58.1%) and 18 (41.9%) blood cultures, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5%) was the most predominant pathogen in both early-onset (23.1%) and late-onset (46.7%) sepsis. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (34.8%) was the second most common organism and was more common in late onset (23.2%) neonatal sepsis. A high level of antibiotic resistance was noted in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, even to amikacin (76.5%) and carbapenems (66.7%).

Conclusion:
Increased resistance in bacterial isolates of neonatal sepsis emphasizes the need of AST of bacterial isolates for proper antibiotic administration.
Assessment of sanitation and drinking water facilities among slum households in Bhubaneswar, Odisha – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alice Alice , Behera Deepanjali , Behera Manas Ranjan , Patra Shantanu Kumar , Mishra Jayanti 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The study aims to assess the practice of using unsafe drinking water and sanitary practices among the population dwelling in slum settings of Bhubaneswar city, Odisha, India.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 288 households in the Bhubaneswar slums of Chandrasekharpur, Neeladri Vihar, and Trinatha basti. A questionnaire was administered face to face. Descriptive statistics were used to define the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, household information, drinking water, latrine characteristics, and waste disposal.

Results:
The majority (59.7%) resided in kutcha households in notified slum areas, and 89.6% were reportedly illiterate. About 92.7% resided in a deplorable condition, relying on piped water (79.5%) from the community sources and 20.5% used it for drinking and household purposes. Around 83% of the respondents stated they did not treat water before consumption. Bathroom facilities were found to be inadequate, and 74.3% used pit latrines. The majority of household wastes (83%) were managed by directly letting them to the drainage system untreated. As a consequence, 91% reported breeding of flies and mosquitoes near their household premises and 70.5% stated having fever in the past 6 months.

Conclusion:
Despite the government’s initiatives to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) strategies, an extensive gap in practice was observed. As a result, Bhubaneswar municipality must strictly enforce policy and regulatory guidelines concerning WASH to improve the sanitation practices, particularly in the areas of drinking water and household waste management.
A single-center experience from Eastern India depicting the epidemiology and phenotypic variations of Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC) associated with SARS-CoV2 seen after first wave and second wave of COVID 19
Authors: Ganguly Mimi , Giri Prabhas Prasun , Basu Surupa 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 caused significant health concerns worldwide. In our center, we had encountered the first wave of MIS-C from June 2020 to January 2021, whereas the second wave surged up from April 2021 to August 2021. In this study, we have done a comparative analysis of different phenotypes of MIS-C seen during these two waves.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a single-center observational study where the children fulfilled the WHO criteria for MIS-C were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory findings, course of the illness, treatment, and outcome were noted down, and the patients were followed up. Depending on the presentations, cases were classified in four different phenotypes (Type 1: MIS-C overlapping with acute COVID-19, Type 2: MIS-C with shock/MIS-C with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), Type 3: MIS-C Kawasaki disease phenotype, Type 4: Mild MIS-C/Febrile inflammatory state), and a comparative analysis of these phenotypes in the two waves was done.

Results:
There were 86 cases in 7 months during the first wave, whereas 102 cases in 5-month duration during the second wave. The clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were compared, type 2 phenotypes increased in proportion requiring more pediatric intensive care unit admissions. Mortality was seen during the 2nd wave which was absent in our cohort during the first wave.

Conclusions:
MIS-C typically showed a spectrum of disease manifestations starting from a mild febrile inflammatory state to full-blown MODS. Early phenotypic differentiation and targeted immunomodulatory therapy depending on the phenotype had shown to be useful.
Thalamus - The Gateway to Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Hari Radhakrishna , Padhy Bimal Prasad , Kar Mitalee 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Thalamus is an oval mass of gray matter between the third ventricle and the internal capsule. The medial, spinal, and trigeminal lemnisci are the great ascending sensory projections from the periphery. The lateral and medial geniculate bodies transmit the visual and auditory information to the cortex. The thalamus also contains motor projections from the basal ganglia, on their way to the motor cortex and supplementary motor area.

Materials and Methods:
Over 2-year period from November 2015 onward, 83 patients with magnetic resonance imaging confirmed nontraumatic thalamic lesions were identified, and followed up. The patient population consisted of adults above 18 years of age. They were investigated as to the cause of the lesion and treated.

Results:
There were 58 male patients, 25 female patients. Stroke was the major cause while less common diseases causing thalamic lesions were demyelination, tumor, calcification, and gliosis. The lesions were more common on the left side. The extent of thalamic involvement was global (50.6%) most commonly. The next common was posteromedial affection (18.1%) and dorsal thalamus (14.5%). Corresponding motor weakness (57.8%) was the most common symptom, though other symptoms such as sensory loss (30.1%), ataxia (27.7%), memory loss (12%), and gaze paresis (30.1%) were also present. Headache (31.3%) and giddiness (24%) were less common than motor weakness. Speech disturbance was seen in 49.4% of patients.

Discussion:
Stroke is unilateral disease, while venous thrombosis, demyelination, tumor, metabolic diseases and infection can affect thalami bilaterally. While stroke can explain the sudden onset of sensory and motor disturbances, some features like cognitive dysfunction were difficult to explain. A transient disorientation to time can follow acute anterior thalamic lesions. Some patients had language disturbances suggesting that the language dominance can extend down up to thalamus. Chronic pain can also be due to a gliotic lesion in the thalamus. Upward gaze palsy seen in a third of our patients could be due to global thalamic or due to medial longitudinal fasciculus involvement. Two patients had visual hemineglect. Sleep disturbances could also be observed in thalamic disease. Asterixis and hemifacial spasm were not seen in our patients. Three patients with strokes had brachial onset seizures, and one patient had generalized seizures. Different types of gait disturbances were observed in thalamic disease including ataxia, astasia-abasia, and hemiparetic gait.

Conclusion:
The most common thalamic lesion was an ischemic stroke, followed by bleed. Global thalamic involvement was more common than other partial lesions, though posteromedial and dorsal lesions are also commonly seen. Sensorimotor dysfunction is the most common clinical presentation and less frequent presentations include aphasia, memory disturbances, behavioral, and cognitive dysfunction. Movement disorders, ataxic gait, sleep disturbances, and infrequently, seizures were seen in our series.