bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Complex Structure of the Bulge of M31
Authors: Leahy Denis , Craiciu Traian , Postma Joseph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The bulge of M31 is of interest regarding the nature of galactic bulges and how their structure relates to bulge formation mechanisms and their subsequent evolution. With the UVIT instrument on AstroSat, we have observed the bulge of M31 in five far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV) filters at 1″ spatial resolution. Models for the luminosity distribution of the bulge are constructed using the UVIT data and the galaxy image fitting algorithm GALFIT. We fit the bulge without the nuclear region with a Sérsic function for the five images and find Sérsic indices (≃2.1–2.5) similar to previous studies but smaller R

e
values (≃0.5–0.6 kpc). When fitting the images including the nuclear region, a multicomponent model is used. We use an eight-component model for the FUV 148 nm image, which has the highest sensitivity. The other images (169–279 nm) are fit with four-component models. The dust lanes in the bulge region are recovered in the residual images, which have subtraction of the bright bulge light using the multicomponent models. The dust lanes show that M31's nuclear spiral is visible in absorption at NUV and FUV wavelengths. The bulge images show boxy contours in all five UVIT wave bands, which is confirmed by fitting using GALFIT. The Sérsic indices of ∼2.1–2.5 are intermediate between the expected values for a classical bulge and for a pseudobulge. The boxiness of the bulge provides further evidence that M31's bulge has contributions from a classical bulge and a pseudobulge.
« Vous avez reçu un esprit de fils »
Authors: Schumacher Ursula , Armogathe Jean-Robert 
Published: February 2023

Alors que l’Esprit est souvent réduit, en ecclésiologie, à être le garant de l’inerrance de l’Église, l’auteur rappelle qu’il est aussi relation interpersonnelle. Elle propose d’analyser son action en termes d’« agir communicationnel » pour penser le développement de la Tradition.
Les déterminants sociologiques de la méthodologie scientifique
Authors: Apostel Léo 
Published: February 2023

La communauté scientifique vit au sein d’une société. Son travail est régi par les méthodes scientifiques, celles-ci sont étudiées, soit par des logiciens, soit par des historiens. Pourquoi n’existe-t-il pas une étude historico-logique des méthodes scientifiques ? Les besoins sociaux, les technologies disponibles co-déterminent les sujets de recherche, les instruments de recherche, l’intensité d’une recherche. Ces facteurs externes, ainsi que la hiérarchie interne déterminent partiellement les notions d’explication, d’observation, de déduction et d’induction des méthodes scientifiques. Le paradigme dominant une science à une époque donnée est partiellement déterminé par les relations sociales, les formes d’observation et d’expérimentation de cette époque.
Clinical Profile, Outcome, and Short-Term Follow-up of Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Cases in a Tertiary Care Center of Western India
Authors: Nagadia Qury , Pandav Ghosha Nilesh , Dhamecha Nidhi , Patel Suhani , Gupta Anurag , Patel Nehal 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
There are several reports of the pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children globally. The current Indian data on PIMS-TS associated with COVID-19 are scarce.

Aims and Objectives:
To describe demographic, clinical and laboratory findings, management, and follow - up of cases of PIMS-TS.

Materials and Method:
We analyzed children presenting to our hospital from July 2020 to January 2021, with PIMS-TS. Cases were categorized into two subsets: Group 1 (MIS-C with shock) and Group 2 (MIS-C without shock). Coronary Z scores of >2.5 were considered as dilated. We followed all the patients at 15 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months.

Results:
Total 11 patients with diagnosis of MIS-C were treated during this study period. Mean age of presentation was 6.5 years. All patients in Group 1 needed inotropic support and treated with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Three patients required administration of tocilizumab. All these were girls <6 years with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) >3.5, had dilated cardiac chambers with significantly decreased ventricular ejection fractions and dilated coronary arteries. Mean length of hospital stay was around 10 days. In Group 1, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms were prominent. While in group 2, prominent symptoms were gastrointestinal and mucocutaneous.

Conclusion:
Most of the children in this study had coronary artery abnormalities, low incidence of RT-PCR positivity and presence of SARS–CoV-2 antibodies. Use of tocilizumab to control the inflammatory response is likely to be beneficial in steroid resistant cases. Coronaries and cardiac function reverts to normal in a month without any residual effects.
Introduction of 'patient safety' module to undergraduate medical students through an interactive workshop
Authors: Gupta Roopam Kumar R. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The World Health Organization (WHO) had developed a curriculum guide designed to shape foundation knowledge and skills of medical students to sensitise them regarding 'Patient Safety'. 'Patient Safety' is not emphasised in the current undergraduate (UG) medical curriculum. This study is an attempt to know the effectiveness of introducing a 'Patient Safety' Module based on the WHO's proposed curriculum, through an interactive workshop for UG medical students.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted with 77 students of 2nd year Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS). Three topics of the WHO's 'Patient Safety Curriculum' were taught through an 'Interactive workshop' and a study tool, comprising of multiple-choice question and Likert scale. A questionnaire was also administered pre- and post-workshop, followed by a 'field activity' which allowed students to apply their newly learnt knowledge in a real hospital setting. Feedback was taken and qualitatively analysed.

Results:
The mean score of first section of the study tool was 9.2 (45.9%) in pre-test and 14.6 (73.2%) in post-test, with a positive difference of 5.5 (27.4%) marks. The analysis of section 2 showed a significant positive change in the knowledge level, but a non-significant change was noted for the level of agreement, own ability to influence, personal attitudes with regard to patient safety and expectations about patient care. Overall analysis of the second section revealed a significant change to the positive side.

Conclusions:
'Interactive Workshop' significantly increased the knowledge regarding patient safety, and therefore, it is an effective method to teach 'patient Safety' to UG medical students.
Psychosocial preparedness among homeless people: A study from an urban rehabilitation center in South India
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Janaki R. , Elangovan Aravind R. , Roy Roniyamol 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Homeless people have difficulties in their basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter and they are prone to physical abuse and assault. Homeless mentally ill persons are found to have unhealed injuries and they lack help-seeking behavior, which leads to further deterioration of physical and mental health. In view of the alarming increase in this marginalized population, there is a need to understand their psychosocial needs and enhance their well-being and quality of life. The study aims to understand the psychosocial preparedness of homeless people admitted to a relief and rehabilitation center in Bengaluru.

Methods:
The study followed a descriptive research design with 90 participants (10% of total inmates), 45 participants each falling under the categories of homeless persons with mental illness (HMI) and homeless persons without mental illness (NMI), selected using a simple random sampling method. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Statistics procedures used frequency distribution, mean, median, and standard deviations and inferential statistics such as the Chi-square test.

Results:
The results of the study show that the majority of the respondents (56% in HMI and 73% in NMI) were male, 62% in HMI and 60% in NMI were literate, 60% in HMI and 86.66% in NMI were employed before institutionalization, 73% in HMI and 69% in NMI belonged to nuclear family. The study also shows that the majority of the HMI (56%) had no plans to start work; however, the majority of the NMI (49%) had plans to start work. Mean scores indicate persons with mental illness have more psychosocial preparedness than persons without mental illness.

Discussion:
The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean level of psychosocial preparedness among persons with mental illness and persons without mental illness.
Socio-demographic factors, clinico-radiological profile of patients with traumatic cervical spine injury in South India, and its association with short-term clinical outcome
Authors: Kadhao Avishkar Vishnuji , Ramesh AS , Nagarajan Krishnan 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition to an individual and his/her family imposing an economic burden on the family, society, and the country. Finding out the demographic and morbidity profile of cervical spine injuries is essential for formulating means and ways for its prevention and treatment.

Aim:
This study aimed at assessing the clinico-radiological and socio-demographic profile of cervical spine injury patients and their association with short-term clinical outcomes.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study that included 120 patients with cervical spine/cord injury. Social, demographic, clinical, and radiological parameters of the study participants were recorded. Improvement, worsening, and neurological stability at 2 weeks follow-ups were considered as a short-term outcome. The association of neurological outcomes with clinico-radiological profile and socio-demographic characteristics was analyzed to study the level of significance.

Results:
The study found that nearly 81% of the study participants were involved in heavy physical activity, and 45% of the cases sustained cervical spine injury because of falls from height. About 37% and 55% of patients had complete and incomplete cord injury, respectively. Computerized tomography of the spine injury patients showed a fracture, subluxation, and locked facets. Magnetic resonance imaging showed disco-ligamentous injury and cord contusion in these patients. Nearly 29% of patients showed motor improvement, and around 4% of patients had a worsening of their neurological status after 2 weeks.

Conclusion:
Most of the people who sustain cervical spine injuries are involved in heavy physical work. Female gender, incomplete cord injury, and unilateral locked facet in subluxation are associated with good neurological outcomes. This study will form a preliminary base to build a larger database on spinal cord injury at the regional and national levels.
Coverage of mass drug administration (MDA) and operational issues in elimination of lymphatic filariasis in selected districts of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Kumar Anil , Vikas Kumar , Kumar Chandramani , Sircar Shubhashish 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Despite annual rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) being carried out every year since 2004 to break the transmission of lymphatic filariasis, India has not achieved elimination status in many areas of country. This study was conducted to determine the operational issues in the implementation of MDA for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in selected districts of Jharkhand.

Methods:
Two districts of Jharkhand state were selected for present cross-sectional study. Multi-staged cluster sampling was adopted to select study participants. Data were collected with use of prescribed questionnaire of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) from the study participants. Data related to socio-demographic details, coverage and compliance of MDA and operational issues were collected.

Results:
Findings of independent assessment show that percentage of MDA coverage and compliance for Hazaribag district was 96.02% and 88.90%, respectively. On the other hand, percentage of MDA coverage and compliance was found to be only 67.06% and 48.44% in Chatra district. Overall drug consumption was significantly associated with age group (p-value = 0.045), educational status (p-value = <0.0001) and socio-economic status (p-value <0.0001) of eligible population. Most common reason for not swallowing the drugs was found to be absence of family members at the time of MDA rounds followed by no visit of house by drug distributors.

Conclusions:
Coverage and compliance of MDA was better in Hazaribag district as compared to Chatra district. In order to increase compliance, socio-demographic factors must also be addressed apart from other operational issues.
A study on psychiatric conditions in children with school refusal- A clinic based study
Authors: Biswas Harshita , Sahoo Manoj Kumar 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
School refusal is a broad term that encompasses a child-motivated refusal to attend or remain at school, or a clear and apparent difficulty in doing so. Different factors that may influence the development of school refusal include a genetic predisposition, the home and family environment, the school environment, and social pressures. the present study aimed at examining, the psychiatric diagnostic status of children and adolescents who presented with school refusal.

Materials and Methods:
92 consecutive subjects who attended the Child guidance clinic at Tata Main Hospital Jamshedpur were taken up for this study. The Clinical Diagnosis was based on the classificatory system of the International classification of diseases-10(ICD-10) through interviews.

Results:
findings show that the mean age of the patient was 9.6 years. The prominent psychiatric co-morbidity present was Childhood emotional disorder unspecified, separation anxiety, conversion disorder, over-anxiety disorder, and somatoform disorder.

Conclusion:
Among children who refuse school, emotional reasons and anxiety disorders are most prevalent. This calls for early recognition and appropriate culturally relevant intervention to ensure early return to school.
The fully equipped physician: An ancient Indian competency framework
Authors: Choudhary Anand 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
There has been an observable trend towards developing medical competency frameworks across the globe. These competency frameworks are intended to improve societal trust in the medical education system in developing appropriately competent medical practitioners. A framework developed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons; Canada has been widely accepted by several institutions across the world. Medical Council of India has also published a similar framework of medical competencies. Most of these frameworks does not consider ancient Indian frameworks which have existed for several thousand years. Current paper examines the medical competency frameworks from ancient India and compares it with current frameworks.

Method:
A review of literature available in reputable libraries and online on the medical competency framework from ancient India has been attempted. Key words including ‘competency framework, medical framework, ancient India and fully equipped physician’ were used.

Results:
A medical competency framework was written and implemented more than two thousand years ago. The framework identified key competencies including: Medical expertise, Communication skills, Scholar, Health advocacy and Professionalism. This framework was used for medical practitioners at the time and used during the training and subsequent medical practice.

Conclusion:
There is striking similarity between ancient Indian and current model of competency framework. Teachings and wisdom from ancient India can prove invaluable while developing future medical competency frameworks.
How accurate is fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for thyroid lesion: A correlation of FNAC with histopathology
Authors: Jamaiyar Anshu , Yogesh Kumar 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Indian population have large number of cases with deranged thyroid profile and swelling. Clinically apparent thyroid swelling in general population is 4% to 5%. Excising all the thyroid lesions is impracticable. Thus, final-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) serves as the initial diagnostic test for the evaluation of thyroid swelling. The main purpose of FNAC is to differentiate the benign lesion from malignant ones, thereby reducing unnecessary surgeries. This study was conducted to establish a cytohistopathological correlation.

Materials and Methods:
FNAC of thyroid swellings was performed using 22G or 23G needle by aspiration or nonaspiration technique, preferable nonaspiration one. A proper correlation of the history, clinical presentation, thyroid profile, and cytopathology report was made, which helped us to make a proper diagnosis. All the cases that required surgery were planned for appropriate surgery and the resected specimen of thyroid was again sent to our department for histopathological examination.

Result:
FNAC was performed on 39 patients (4 males and 35 females). The age group of patients were in the range of 11 to 60 years with a mean age of 38.60 years. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its variants were the most common in our study. Out of 39 surgeries performed, 19 (48.71%) specimens were found to be malignant. Among these 19 malignant cases, the highest number of malignancies were of PTC and its variants (14 cases). Statistical analysis showed sensitivity-90.91%, specificity-94.12%, positive predictive value-95.24%, negative predictive value-88.89%, and accuracy-92.31%.

Discussion:
FNAC being cost-effective, patient-friendly, quick result along with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy makes it an initial diagnostic tool for preoperative evaluation of patients with thyroid swelling.
Association between obesity and periodontal disease among 35 – 44 years old patients visiting Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad: A cross sectional study
Authors: Sahar Najmus , Tangade Pradeep , Jain Ankita , Priyadarshi Surbhi , Hasan Mushahid , Ahsan Iram , Roy Debashis 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Obesity had been the most neglected public health problem increasing at an alarming rate affecting both the developed and developing countries. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is highly prevalent worldwide affecting 20–50% of the global population. Thus, a research was conducted to evaluate the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease among 35–44-year-old patients who were visiting the Oral Medicine and Radiology Department (OMDR) in TMDCRC, Moradabad.

Objective:
To know the prevalence of obesity and periodontal health. To record the body mass index (BMI) and to co-relate with periodontal disease. To recommend preventive measures for periodontitis and the obese population.

Materials and Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of OMDR, TMDCRC, Moradabad. A total of 566 subjects were examined aged 35–44 years visiting the out patient department (OPD) of the OMDR Department. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Questionnaire-based proforma was used comprising information regarding oral hygiene practices, frequency of toothbrushing, and method of brushing. A World Health Organization (WHO)-modified 2013 assessment form was used to record the periodontal status of the participants.

Results:
The examination of 550 subjects was done. It was found that there is a significant association of periodontal disease in factors like BMI, age, gender, smoking status, and loss of attachment (LOA) is found in BMI, gender, smoking status, and smoking frequency. It was also found that there is a significant association of the community periodontal index (CPI) scores in obese individuals.

Conclusion:
The main aim is to find and control the risk factor and eliminate it. Our study confirms that obesity is one of the risk indicators of periodontitis. With the scope and limitations of the study, it has been concluded that obesity and periodontitis have a significant relationship with each other. This study states the importance of good oral hygiene maintenance in obese and normal patients.
A study of sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract infections among the bar girls in Mumbai, India
Authors: Parve Sneha , Acharya Shreekala , Rawat Shalini , Kulkarni Rashmi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
There is a continuous and increasing trend in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. There are severe consequences of STI especially among women practicing high-risk behavior. Control of STI among women practicing high-risk behavior is an important strategy to reduce HIV transmission. In the present study, STIs and reproductive tract infections (RTI) were assessed among bar girls in an urban metro city.

Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted among bar girls residing in an urban settlement from May 2018 to December 2018. 195 bar girls randomly selected from among the registered bar girls for HIV prevention services with a local NGO and willing to participate were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. They were interviewed in person and clinical examination was conducted for assessing symptoms and signs of STI and RTI.

Results:
The median age of women was 26 years. 45% women reported sexual activity 3–6 times/week. 49.7% women reported symptom of vaginal discharge in the preceding 3 months, 52.3% women reported pain in lower abdomen, 10.2% women complained of genital ulcer disease, 67.2% women reported itching in the genital area, and 36.4% women had complaint of dyspareunia. 90.2% women in the present study had at least one symptom of STI/RTI.

Conclusion:
High-risk sexual behavior of bar girls with their regular clients puts them at a higher risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS. Focused efforts need to be put in to encourage reporting of symptoms for early diagnosis and management of STI/RTIs.
Diagnostic accuracy of anti-DGP (IgG) for celiac disease
Authors: Jafari Seyed A. , Alami Ali , Sedghi Niloofar , Kianifar Hamidreza , Kiani Mohammad A. , Khalesi Maryam , Derafshi Raheleh 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy that is caused by the intake of gluten-containing grains in genetically susceptible humans. The gliadin and glutenin parts of wheat gluten are the essential factors that cause intestinal damage.

Objectives:
We analyzed the performance of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) in the diagnosis of CD in children. For this purpose, we compared the performance of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA anti-TTG) and IgG antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides (IgG anti-DGP) for the diagnosis of CD.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2021 for a duration of about 6 months, 200 patients with suspected CD symptoms, children who needed screening due to Down syndrome or Turner syndrome, and the first-degree relatives of CD patients who underwent diagnostic evaluation were enrolled in a census study.

Results:
This study compares existing point-of-care anti-DGP Ab (IgG) and anti-TTG Ab (IgA) tests against each other using the gold standard of duodenal biopsy and pathology. Serology as a screening test was acceptable (93.6% for anti-DGP vs. 94.2% for anti-TTG) for both of them. This equivalent sensitivity of serum TTG and the DGP tests validates its potential as a basic tool for serological testing. Furthermore, endoscopy is carried out in patients positive for both.

Conclusions:
Our study showed that for the diagnosis of CD, anti-DGP antibodies had comparable characteristics with anti-TTG (IgA) in terms of diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Specify of anti-DGP was higher than that of anti-TTG.