bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A stomach plate to divide them all: a phylogenetic reassessment of the family Tritoniidae (Nudibranchia: Cladobranchia)
Authors: De Vasconcelos Silva Felipe , Pola Marta , Cervera Juan Lucas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The phylogeny of the family Tritoniidae has recently been studied with significant advances, but the relationships between genera are still controversial. In our study, we investigated the phylogeny of Tritoniidae using the most diverse taxon sampling possible. We applied an integrative approach based on new sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S), a nuclear gene (H3) and morpho-anatomical characters. The monophyly of the family Tritoniidae was not recovered in our phylogenetic analyses. In view of our results, we propose a new rearrangement at the subfamily and genus levels. The plate-bearing genera are raised to the subfamily level as the monophyletic Marioniinae subfam. nov., formed by Marionia and the reinstated Marioniopsis. The remaining plate-less genera are raised to the subfamily level as the monophyletic Tritoniinae Lamarck, 1809. The genus Myrella is reinstated to assign the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic tritoniids. The taxonomic status of the monotypic Tritonidoxa is confirmed. Species delimitation analyses reveal a new large Marionia species from the Gulf of Cádiz (south-west Spain, Atlantic Ocean) and evidence for the pseudocryptic speciation of numerous Atlantic–Mediterranean and Indo-Pacific tritoniids. Finally, taxonomic notes are provided for several species according to the proposed rearrangement.
Osteological comparison of casque ontogeny in palaeognathous and neognathous birds: insights for selecting modern analogues in the study of cranial ornaments from extinct archosaurs
Authors: Green Todd L , Gignac Paul M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Birds, along with their dinosaurian precursors, possess a variety of bony cranial expansions. A deep understanding of the phenotypic complexity of these structures would be useful for addressing the development, evolution, and function of hard-tissue cranial ornamentation. Yet, the evolutionary significance and function of these structures have gone largely unaddressed because no unifying conceptual framework for interpreting bony cranial expansions currently exists. To provide such a framework, we examine osseous ornament variation in modern birds, using µ-CT imaging to examine the cranial casque components, structural composition, and developmental changes of two neognathous (Numida meleagris, Macrocephalon maleo) and one palaeognathous species (Casuarius casuarius) and survey the avian osteology literature of the 11 orders containing members with osseous cranial ornamentation. Our anatomical analyses suggest two broad configuration categories: (i) geminal, in which ornaments consist of paired elements only (i.e. within Neognathae) and (ii) disunited, in which ornaments consist of unpaired, midline elements along with paired bones (i.e. within Palaeognathae). Ornament bones contribute to casque elevation (proximal ornament support), elaboration (distal ornament shape), or both. Our results hold utility for unravelling the selection processes, particularly in difficult-to-decipher display roles, that shaped modern avian casques, as well as for the use of extant avians as comparative analogues of non-avian dinosaurs with ornamental head structures.
New information on the Eocene frog Thaumastosaurus (Anura, Pyxicephalidae) from the Phosphorites du Quercy, France
Authors: Georgalis Georgios L , Prendini Elizabeth , Roček Zbyněk 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present new disarticulated cranial elements of the Eocene frog Thaumastosaurus from several localities in the Phosphorites du Quercy, France, providing novel information about the variation of its anatomical characteristics. With the use of micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning technology, we examine and discuss various types of dermal cranial ornamentation in extant Pyxicephalus, the closest extant relative of Thaumastosaurus, in which these features are useful in species diagnoses, paying particular attention to the individual and ontogenetic variation, and sexual dimorphism, as well as interspecific variation among extant species. We suggest that various types of dermal cranial ornamentation in Thaumastosaurus could be potentially used in diagnoses at species level, although ontogenetic variation should be taken into consideration. Apart from ornamentation, the size and general morphology of the maxillae and squamosa in Thaumastosaurus reveal an unexpected disparity of morphotypes, which suggests the potential presence of cryptic taxa. Some squamosa reveal that their processus zygomaticus extended up to the postnasal wall, so their associated maxillae were excluded from the orbital margin, whereas others were short and their respective maxillae participated in the formation of the orbital margin. Thaumastosaurus is envisaged as the product of an Early Palaeogene direct, potentially overseas, dispersal from isolated Afro-Arabia to Europe.
A new euharamiyidan, Mirusodens caii (Mammalia: Euharamiyida), from the Jurassic Yanliao Biota and evolution of allotherian mammals
Authors: Mao Fangyuan , Li Zhiheng , Hooker Jerry J , Meng Jin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Allotheria are an extinct group of mammaliaforms that originally comprised multituberculates, to which ‘haramiyidans’ and gondwanatherians were later added. Phylogenetic relationships of allotherians have remained controversial since the first reports of the allotherian fossils in the 1800s. Here we report a new euharamiyidan based on a skeletal specimen from the Jurassic Daohugou phase of the Yanliao Biota, China. The superb specimen preserves impressions of differentiated hairs. The pes with impressions of toe skin and claw sheath represents the first such evidence in Mesozoic mammaliamorphs. The remarkable tooth morphologies surpass in complexity any Mesozoic mammals previously known. Phylogenetic analyses place the new species within euharamiyidans from Eurasia and support euharamiyidans, multituberculates, and gondwanatherians as a tripartite monophyletic Allotheria within mammals. This clade is supported not only by their similar molar pattern, but also by many shared derived features of the dental system recognized from discoveries during the last two decades. Allotherians and therians represent the two most successful groups of mammals that are characterized by distinct dental systems. They originated at the latest in the Late Triassic and became diversified in the Middle Jurassic, representing two directions of ecomorphological adaptation during early evolution of mammals.
Genetic ablation of synaptotagmin‐9 alters tomosyn‐1 function to increase insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells improving glucose clearance
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafizur , Pathak Asmita , Schueler Kathryn L. , Alsharif Haifa , Michl Ava , Alexander Justin , Kim Jeong‐A , Bhatnagar Sushant 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStimulus‐coupled insulin secretion from the pancreatic islet β‐cells involves the fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane (PM) via SNARE complex formation—a cellular process key for maintaining whole‐body glucose homeostasis. Less is known about the role of endogenous inhibitors of SNARE complexes in insulin secretion. We show that an insulin granule protein synaptotagmin‐9 (Syt9) deletion in mice increased glucose clearance and plasma insulin levels without affecting insulin action compared to the control mice. Upon glucose stimulation, increased biphasic and static insulin secretion were observed from ex vivo islets due to Syt9 loss. Syt9 colocalizes and binds with tomosyn‐1 and the PM syntaxin‐1A (Stx1A); Stx1A is required for forming SNARE complexes. Syt9 knockdown reduced tomosyn‐1 protein abundance via proteasomal degradation and binding of tomosyn‐1 to Stx1A. Furthermore, Stx1A‐SNARE complex formation was increased, implicating Syt9‐tomosyn‐1‐Stx1A complex is inhibitory in insulin secretion. Rescuing tomosyn‐1 blocked the Syt9‐knockdown‐mediated increases in insulin secretion. This shows that the inhibitory effects of Syt9 on insulin secretion are mediated by tomosyn‐1. We report a molecular mechanism by which β‐cells modulate their secretory capacity rendering insulin granules nonfusogenic by forming the Syt9‐tomosyn‐1‐Stx1A complex. Altogether, Syt9 loss in β‐cells decreases tomosyn‐1 protein abundance, increasing the formation of Stx1A‐SNARE complexes, insulin secretion, and glucose clearance. These outcomes differ from the previously published work that identified Syt9 has either a positive or no effect of Syt9 on insulin secretion. Future work using β‐cell‐specific deletion of Syt9 mice is key for establishing the role of Syt9 in insulin secretion.
Principles of Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Health Care Distance Simulation Education: Consensus Building via the Nominal Group Technique
Authors: Dowell Sharon , Bajwa Maria , Charnetski Matt , Lababidi Hani , Vora Samreen , Herrera Edgar , Park Yoon Soo , Palaganas Janice C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Health care distance simulation (HCDS) replicates professional encounters through an immersive experience overseen by experts and in which technological infrastructure enriches the learning activity. As HCDS has gained traction, so has the movement to provide inclusive and accessible simulation experiences for all participants. However, established guidelines for best practices in HCDS regarding justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) are lacking. This study aimed to generate consensus statements on JEDI principles in synchronous HCDS education using the nominal group technique (NGT).

Method
Professionals with experience in HCDS education were invited to generate, record, discuss, and vote on ideas that they considered best practices for JEDI. This process was followed by a thematic analysis of the NGT discussion to provide a deeper understanding of the final consensus statements. An independent group of HCDS educators individually reviewed and recorded their agreement or disagreement with the consensus statements created by the NGT process.

Results
Eleven independent experts agreed on 6 key practices for JEDI in HCDS. Educators need to (1) be aware of JEDI principles, (2) be able to define and differentiate JEDI, (3) model JEDI in their environment, (4) have expertise and comfort facilitating conversations and debriefing around JEDI issues, (5) be advocates within their organizations to ensure equitable educational experiences, and (6) achieve JEDI without compromising educational objectives. Experts were divided on the approach to technology to ensure equitable learning experiences: some believed that the most basic technology accessible to all learners should be used, and some believed that the technology used should be determined by the competency of the students or faculty.

Conclusions
Structural and institutional barriers in HCDS education persist despite agreement on key JEDI practices. Conclusive research is needed to guide the optimal policy in HCDS toward creating equitable learning experiences while bridging the digital divide.
Predicting Death or Disability after Surgery in the Older Adult
Authors: Shulman Mark A. , Wallace Sophie , Gilbert Annie , Reilly Jennifer R. , Kasza Jessica , Myles Paul S. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Older patients are vulnerable to developing new or worsening disability after surgery. Despite this, patient or surgical characteristics predisposing to postoperative disability are poorly defined. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a model, subsequently transformed to point-score form, to predict 6-month death or disability in older patients after surgery.

Methods
The authors built a prospective, single-center registry to develop and validate the prediction model. The registry included patients 70 yr of age or older undergoing elective and nonelective, cardiac and noncardiac surgery between May 25, 2017, and February 11, 2021, and combined clinical data from the electronic medical record, hospital administrative data (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification codes) and World Health Organization (Geneva, Switzerland) Disability Assessment Schedule data collected directly from the patients. Death or disability was defined as being dead or having a World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule score 16% or greater. Included patients were randomly divided into model development (70%) and internal validation (30%) cohorts. Once constructed, the logistic regression and point-score models were assessed using the internal validation cohort and an external validation cohort comprising data from a separate randomized trial.

Results
Of 2,176 patients who completed the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule immediately before surgery, 927 (43%) patients were disabled, and 413 (19%) had significant disability. By 6 months after surgery, 1,640 patients (75%) had data available for the primary outcome analysis. Of these patients, 195 (12%) patients had died, and 691 (42%) were dead or disabled. The developed point-score model included the preoperative World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule score, patient age, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. The point score model retained good discrimination in the internal (area under the curve, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.79) and external (area under the curve, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.80) validation data sets.

Conclusions
The authors developed and validated a point score model to predict death or disability in older patients after surgery.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Maternal hypertensive traits and adverse outcome in pregnancy: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ardissino Maddalena , Reddy Rohin K. , Slob Eric A.W. , Griffiths Jack , Girling Joanna , Ng Fu Siong 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes. Existing evidence is mostly limited to observational studies, which are liable to confounding and bias. This study investigated the causal relevance of component hypertensive indices on multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes using Mendelian randomization.

Methods:
Uncorrelated (r
2 < 0.001) genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8) single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with SBP, DBP and pulse pressure (PP) were selected as instrumental variables. Genetic association estimates for outcomes of preeclampsia or eclampsia, preterm birth, placental abruption and hemorrhage in early pregnancy were extracted from summary statistics of genome-wide association studies in the FinnGen cohort. Two-sample, inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization formed the primary analysis method. Odds ratios (OR) are presented per-10 mmHg higher genetically predicted hypertensive index.

Results:
Higher genetically predicted SBP were associated with higher odds of preeclampsia or eclampsia [OR 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.68–1.96, P = 5.45 × 10−49], preterm birth (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.16, P = 0.005) and placental abruption (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.05–1.68, P = 0.016). Higher genetically-predicted DBP was associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia (OR 2.54, 95% CI 2.21–2.92, P = 5.35 × 10−40). Higher genetically predicted PP was associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.47–1.92, P = 1.9 × 10−14) and preterm birth (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.30, P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
This study provides genetic evidence to support causal associations of SBP, DBP and PP on multiple adverse outcomes of pregnancy. SBP and PP were associated with the broadest range of adverse outcomes, suggesting that optimized management of blood pressure, particularly SBP, is a key priority to improve feto-maternal health.
Dietary factors and hypertension risk in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Batubo Nimisoere P. , Moore J. Bernadette , Zulyniak Michael A. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Contrary to North America and Europe, the prevalence of hypertension is rising in West Africa. Although diet is implicated as a contributor to this trend, nutritional guidelines in West Africa are not tailored to address this concern. This study aimed to address this limitation by investigating dietary factors common to West Africa and evaluating their association with hypertension.

Methods:
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline were searched to identify studies that investigated diet and hypertension in West African adults. All meta-analyses used a generic inverse-variance random effects model, with subgroup analyses by age, BMI, and study location, and were performed in R.

Results:
Three thousand, two hundred ninety-eight studies were identified, of which 31 (n = 48 809 participants) satisfied inclusion criteria – all cross-sectional. Meta-analyses of the association between dietary factors and hypertension included dietary fat [odds ratio (OR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.44–2.14; P < 0.0001], red meat (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04–2.18; P = 0.03), junk-food (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.19–1.67; P < 0.0001), dietary salt (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.12–1.40; P < 0.0001), alcohol (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03–1.32; P = 0.013), and ‘fruits and vegetables’ (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.24–1.17; P < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses suggested that ‘fruit and vegetable’ consumption is less protective in the elderly.

Conclusion:
High consumption of dietary salt, red meat, dietary fat, junk food, and alcohol are associated with increased odds of hypertension, whereas high fruit and vegetable appear protective. This region-specific evidence will support the development of nutritional assessment tools for clinicians, patients, and researchers aiming to reduce hypertension in West Africa.
Factors Associated With Concussion Rates in Youth Ice Hockey Players: Data From the Largest Longitudinal Cohort Study in Canadian Youth Ice Hockey
Authors: Eliason Paul , Galarneau Jean-Michel , Shill Isla , Kolstad Ash , Babul Shelina , Mrazik Martin , Lebrun Constance , Dukelow Sean , Schneider Kathryn , Hagel Brent , Emery Carolyn 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
To examine factors associated with rates of game and practice-related concussion in youth ice hockey.

Design:
Five-year prospective cohort (Safe2Play).

Setting:
Community arenas (2013-2018).

Participants:
Four thousand eighteen male and 405 female ice hockey players (6584 player-seasons) participating in Under-13 (ages 11-12), Under-15 (ages 13-14), and Under-18 (ages 15-17) age groups.

Assessment of Risk Factors:
Bodychecking policy, age group, year of play, level of play, previous injury in the previous year, lifetime concussion history, sex, player weight, and playing position.

Main Outcome Measurements:
All game-related concussions were identified using validated injury surveillance methodology. Players with a suspected concussion were referred to a study sport medicine physician for diagnosis and management. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis including multiple imputation of missing covariates estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs).

Main Results:
A total of 554 game and 63 practice-related concussions were sustained over the 5 years. Female players (IRRFemale/Male = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.26-2.53), playing in lower levels of play (IRR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.10-1.77), and those with a previous injury (IRR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.88) or lifetime concussion history (IRR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.34-2.00) had higher rates of game-related concussion. Policy disallowing bodychecking in games (IRR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40-0.72) and being a goaltender (IRRGoaltenders/Forwards = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38-0.87) were protective against game-related concussion. Female sex was also associated with a higher practice-related concussion rate (IRRFemale/Male = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.24-5.59).

Conclusions:
In the largest Canadian youth ice hockey longitudinal cohort to date, female players (despite policy disallowing bodychecking), players participating in lower levels of play, and those with an injury or concussion history had higher rates of concussion. Goalies and players in leagues that disallowed bodychecking had lower rates. Policy prohibiting bodychecking remains an effective concussion prevention strategy in youth ice hockey.
Diversity and disparity in the treatment and care of sarcoidosis
Authors: Obi Ogugua Ndili 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Clinical presentation and outcomes in patients with sarcoidosis vary by race, gender, ethnicity, and geolocation. African Americans and female individuals have the highest incidence of disease. They are also more likely to present with more severe and more advanced forms of disease and to die from sarcoidosis. African American females have the highest disease-associated mortality, yet the mortality rate varies by geolocation. The diverse presentation and outcomes in sarcoidosis have often been attributed to genetics and biology, yet this may not be entirely so.

Recent findings
Several studies have shown that African Americans and female individuals are more likely to earn less and be more socioeconomically disadvantaged in society. Patients with sarcoidosis earning in the lowest income strata present with the most severe disease and report more barriers to care. It is plausible that the racial, gender, and geospatial differences in sarcoidosis are more reflective of healthcare disparities than genetics or biology alone.

Summary
Preventable differences in the burden of disease and in the opportunities to achieve optimal health outcomes that are differentially experienced by groups of people disadvantaged by race, gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic background should be identified and addressed.
Impact of the Practice Environment on Oncology and Hematology Nurses
Authors: O’Dea Amy , Caulfield Rebecca , Roche Michael 
Published: July 2023

Background
Practice environments have a significant impact on nurses’ practice and their retention within the oncology and hematology specialty. Understanding how specific elements of the practice environment impact nurse outcomes is important for creating supportive and safe practice environments.

Objective
To evaluate the impact of the practice environment on oncology and hematology nurses.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR Statement Guidelines. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Google Scholar, and Scopus) were searched using key terms. Articles were assessed according to the eligibility criteria. Data extraction was conducted with results explained through descriptive analysis.

Results
One thousand seventy-eight publications were screened with 32 publications meeting the inclusion criteria. The 6 elements of the practice environment (workload, leadership, collegial relations, participation, foundations, and resources) were found to significantly impact nurses’ job satisfaction, psychological well-being, levels of burnout, and intention to leave. Negative practice environment elements were linked to increased levels of job dissatisfaction, higher levels of burnout, greater prevalence of psychological distress, and greater intention to leave both oncology and hematology nursing and the nursing profession.

Conclusions
The practice environment has a significant impact on nurses, their job satisfaction, well-being, and intention to stay. This review will inform future research and forthcoming practice change to provide oncology and hematology nurses with practice environments that are safe and lead to positive nurse outcomes.

Implications for Practice
This review provides a foundation upon which to develop and implement tailored interventions that best support oncology and hematology nurses to remain in practice and provide high-quality care.