bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological diversity and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from the Western Pacific (Singapore and New Zealand), with implications for a re-evaluation of rhabdopleurid species diversity
Authors: Gordon Dennis P. , Quek Z. B. Randolph , Orr Russell J. S. , Waeschenbach Andrea , Huang Danwei , Strano Francesca , Ramsfjell Mali H. , Liow Lee Hsiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe recent discovery of Rhabdopleura in Singapore and the chance collecting of fresh material from northern New Zealand (Three Kings Shelf) provided an opportunity to sequence the specimens with an aim to determine their species identity. Phylogeny reconstructions of two new Rhabdopleura taxa based on ribosomal and mitochondrial genes suggest a different identity from known samples, including putative Rhabdopleura annulata, first described from the Three Kings Shelf but sequenced from the Great Barrier Reef. Pairwise distances between rhabdopleurids for the 16S rRNA locus were several magnitudes larger than that of 18S rRNA, and might potentially be a suitable barcoding gene once sufficient samples of conspecifics are collected to determine the barcoding gaps. Type material of R. annulata was re-examined, as well as Rhabdopleura material from eight other New Zealand localities from north of subtropical Raoul Island (Kermadec Ridge) at ~29° S to the subantarctic Campbell Plateau at ~49° S. Six morphological characters, four of them new, were applied to all samples. The findings from morphology suggest (1) the holotype and cotype of R. annulata might not be conspecific; (2) there are 3–4 variants (species?) on the Three Kings Shelf; and (3) there are 2–3 additional variants (species?) elsewhere in the New Zealand region.
Involvement of ACACA (acetyl-CoA carboxylase α) in the lung pre-metastatic niche formation in breast cancer by senescence phenotypic conversion in fibroblasts
Authors: Huang Yung-Chi , Hou Ming-Feng , Tsai Ying-Ming , Pan Yi-Chung , Tsai Pei-Hsun , Lin Yi-Shiuan , Chang Chao-Yuan , Tsai Eing-Mei , Hsu Ya-Ling 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundReprogramming of metabolism is strongly associated with the development of cancer. However, the role of metabolic reprogramming in the remodeling of pre-metastatic niche (PMN), a key step in metastasis, is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the metabolic alternation during lung PMN formation in breast cancer.MethodsWe assessed the transcriptomes and lipidomics of lung of MMTV-PyVT mice by microarray and liquid chromatography-tandem mass mass spectrometry before lung metastasis. The validation of gene or protein expressions was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or immunoblot and immunohistochemistry respectively. The lung fibroblasts were isolated from mice and then co-cultured with breast cancer to identify the influence of cancer on the change of lung fibroblasts in PMN.ResultsWe demonstrated changes in the lipid profile and several lipid metabolism genes in the lungs of breast cancer-bearing MMTV-PyVT mice before cancer spreading. The expression of ACACA (acetyl-CoA carboxylase α) was downregulated in the lung fibroblasts, which contributed to changes in acetylation of protein’s lysine residues and the synthesis of fatty acid. The downregulation of ACACA in lung fibroblasts triggered a senescent and inflammatory phenotypic shift of lung fibroblasts in both in vivo and in vitro models. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype of lung fibroblasts enabled the recruitment of immunosuppressive granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells into the lungs through the production of CXCL1 in the lungs. Knock-in of ACACA prevented lung metastasis in the MMTV-PyVT mouse model, further supporting that ACACA was involved in the remodeling of the lung PMN.ConclusionsTaken together, these data revealed a mechanism by which ACACA downregulation directed the formation of an immunosuppressive lung PMN in breast cancer.
A Double Assessment of Privacy Risks Aboard Top-Selling Cars
Authors: Bella Giampaolo , Biondi Pietro , Tudisco Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe advanced and personalised experience that modern cars offer makes them more and more data-hungry. For example, the cabin preferences of the possible drivers must be recorded and associated to some identity, while such data could be exploited to deduce sensitive information about the driver’s health. Therefore, drivers’ privacy must be taken seriously, requiring a dedicated risk assessment framework, as presented in this paper through a double assessment combining the asset-oriented ISO approach with the threat-oriented STRIDE approach. The framework is tailored to the level of specific car brand and demonstrated on the ten top-selling brands as well as, due to its innovative character, Tesla. The two approaches yield different, but complementary findings, demonstrating the additional insights gained through their parallel adoption.
Municipal Sewage Sludge Effects on Maize Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Soil Properties
Authors: Koutroubas Spyridon D. , Antoniadis Vasileios , Damalas Christos A. , Fotiadis Sideris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiosolids are frequently used as organic soil additives. This 2-year field study investigated the effects of sewage sludge (SWS) application on maize (Zea mays L.) production, nitrogen accumulation, redistribution, and nitrogen use efficiency, as well as on grain element concentrations and soil properties. Treatments included three SWS rates (20, 40, and 80 Mg ha−1 year‒1), mineral fertilizer (300 kg N ha−1 year‒1 and 26 kg P ha−1 year‒1), and an unamended control. Plant samples were collected at silking and maturity in both years, while soil samples were taken following maize harvest in the second year. Maize grain yield increased by 143 kg ha−1 for every Mg increase in SWS rate. Sewage sludge application resulted in maize grain yield comparable to or even greater than that of mineral fertilizer. Nitrogen uptake and translocation to grains increased quadratically with increasing SWS rates. Nitrogen use efficiency increased with moderate SWS application (up to 40 Mg ha−1) but decreased with heavy application (80 Mg ha−1) compared to fertilizer, raising the risk of nitrogen losses. Compared to fertilizer, SWS resulted in similar or lower P and Cu concentration in the grain, as well as similar or higher K, but had no effect on N, Zn, Fe, and Mn concentration. Soil pH, NO3-N, and exchangeable K were similar in SWS and fertilizer, but soil Olsen P improved with SWS. There were no differences among treatments in DTPA-extractable Zn, Fe, and Cu, while Mn raised with SWS. Sewage sludge could be used to increase plant N reservoir at silking, N translocation to grains, and post-silking N uptake, allowing plants to meet their N requirements throughout the growing season. Even at 20 Mg ha−1, sewage sludge can successfully replace mineral fertilizer in maize crop.
Phase I trial of the MuSic to CONnect (MuSiCON) protocol: feasibility and effect of choir participation for individuals with cognitive impairment
Authors: Monroe Penelope , Halaki Mark , Luscombe Georgina , Kumfor Fiona , Ballard Kirrie J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground:Individuals living in residential aged care facilities with cognitive decline are at risk of social isolation and decreased wellbeing. These risks may be exacerbated by decline in communication skills. There is growing awareness that group singing may improve sense of wellbeing for individuals with dementia. However, to date few studies have examined broader rehabilitative effects on skills such as communication of individuals with dementia.Aims:To determine the feasibility and acceptability of the MuSic to Connect (MuSiCON) choir and language/communication assessment protocol in people with cognitive impairment living in non-high-care wards of a residential facility.Methods:Six individuals with mild-moderate cognitive impairment participated (age range 55–91 years, five female, one male). A mixed method approach was used. Quantitative outcomes included attendance rates, quality of life and communication measures. The qualitative measure was a brief survey of experience completed by participants and carers post-intervention.Results:Overall, MuSiCON was perceived as positive and beneficial, with high attendance, perception of improved daily functioning and high therapeutic benefit without harmful effects. While there was no reliable change in communication skills over the course of the six-week intervention, most participants successfully engaged in the conversational task, suggesting it is a suitable and ecologically valid method for data collectionConclusions:The MuSiCON protocol demonstrated feasibility and was well received by participants and staff at the residential facility. A co-design approach is recommended to improve upon feasibility, acceptability and validity of the assessment protocol prior to Phase II testing.
Aerodynamics and fluid–structure interaction of an airfoil with actively controlled flexible leeward surface
Authors: He Xi , Guo Qinfeng , Xu Yang , Feng Lihao , Wang Jinjun 
Published: January 2023

Piezoelectric macro-fibre composite (MFC) actuators are employed onto the flexible leeward surface of an airfoil for active control. Time-resolved aerodynamic forces, membrane deformations and flow fields are synchronously measured at low Reynolds number (Re = 6 × 104). Mean aerodynamics show that the actively controlled airfoil can achieve lift-enhancement and drag-reduction simultaneously in the angle of attack range of 10° ≤ α ≤ 14°, where the rigid airfoil encounters stall. The maximum increments of lift and lift-to-drag ratio are 27.1 % and 126 % at the reduced actuation frequency of

${f^ + } = 3.52$

. The unsteady coupling features are further analysed at α = 12°, where the maximum lift-enhancement occurs. It is newly discovered that the membrane vibrations and flow fields are locked into half of the actuation frequency when

${f^ + } > 3$

. The shift of the dominant vibration mode from bending to inclining is the reason for the novel ‘half-frequency lock-in’ phenomenon. To the fluid–structure interaction, there are three characteristic frequencies for the actively controlled airfoil:

$S{t_1} = 0.5{f^ + }$

,

$S{t_2} = {f^ + }$

, and

$S{t_3} = 1.5{f^ + }$

. Here, St1 and its harmonics (St2, St3) are coupled with the natural frequencies of the leading-edge shear layer, resulting in the generation of multi-scale flow structures and suppression of flow separation. The lift presents comparable dominant frequencies between St1 and St3, which means the instantaneous lift is determined by the flow structures of St1 and St3. The local membrane bulge and dent affect the instantaneous swirl strength of flow structures near the maximum vibration amplitude location, which is the main reason for the variation of instantaneous lift.
The Politics of Interim Judicial Appointments
Authors: Vining Richard L. , Bullock Charles S. , Boldt Ethan D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe evaluate the politics of interim judicial appointments at the state level. Although nominating commissions have been established to promote merit-based selection, we argue that governor-applicant ideological concordance and financial support for a governor’s campaigns increase one’s odds of being appointed. We focus on the impact of political factors, as well as the qualifications of prospective judges. We analyze over 4,000 applications to fill interim judicial vacancies in Georgia from 1991 to 2014. Our findings indicate that ideological proximity and campaign donations to the governor increased the likelihood of appointment to the bench with their influence overpowering some indicators of competence.
Why and When Narcissistic Employees Are More Creative in the Workplace? A Social Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Zhao Yi-Xuan , Zhou Kong , Liu Wen-Xing 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe question of whether narcissists are more creative than peers has attracted much scholarly attention in both psychology and organizational management sciences. Drawing from social cognitive theory, we theorized that the relationship between narcissism and creativity could be explained by individual creative self-efficacy, which depends on one's direct and vicarious experiences of creativity. Drawing from trait activation theory, we further proposed organizational valuing of creativity as a key contextual moderator that determines whether narcissism facilitates or inhibits creative self-efficacy and, in turn, creativity. We suggest that high organizational valuing of creativity will energize narcissists to put their attention and effort into both direct and vicarious experiences of creativity, enhancing their creative self-efficacy and creativity. We tested our conceptual model through a field study with data collected from 269 full-time employees working in 86 work teams. The empirical results provided support for the social cognitive explanation for the positive relationship between narcissism and creativity in the context of high organizational valuing of creativity. Our study not only resolved prior debates on the relationship between narcissism and creativity but also provided direct empirical support for social cognitive theory and the person-in-context interactionist perspective of creativity research.
PREHISTORIC BRONZE AGE RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY AT POLITIKO-TROULLIA, CYPRUS
Authors: Falconer Steven E , Ridder Elizabeth , Pilaar Birch Suzanne E , Fall Patricia L 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTPolitiko-Troullia has generated the largest radiocarbon (14C) dataset from a Prehistoric Bronze Age settlement on Cyprus. We present Bayesian modeling of 25 calibrated AMS ages, which contributes to an emerging multi-site 14C chronology for Cyprus covering most of the Prehistoric Bronze Age. Our analysis places the six stratified phases of occupation at Troullia between about 2050 and 1850 cal BCE, in contrast to a longer estimated occupation inferred from pottery analysis. We provide a rare 14C determination for the transition from Prehistoric Bronze Age 1 to 2 just after 2000 cal BCE, associated with a major architectural dislocation at Politiko-Troullia in response to local landscape erosion, possibly due to increased regional precipitation. We present a regional 14C model for Prehistoric Bronze Age Cyprus combining the chronology for Politiko-Troullia with modeled 14C ages from Sotira Kaminoudhia and Marki Alonia, which is bolstered by individual ages from five other settlements on Cyprus. Through the Prehistoric Bronze Age, agrarian villages on Cyprus developed the foundations for the emergence of urbanized settlement and society during the ensuing Protohistoric Bronze Age. Politiko-Troullia, in conjunction with other key settlements on Cyprus, provides a significant independent contribution to increasingly robust Bronze Age 14C chronologies in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Out of the frying pan and into the fire: effects of volcanic heat and other stressors on the conservation of a critically endangered plant in Hawai‘i
Authors: Gill Nathan S , Stallman Jeffery K , Pratt Linda , Lewicki Jennifer , Elias Tamar , Nadeau Patricia A , Yelenik Stephanie 
Published: January 2023

SummaryLoss of local biodiversity resulting from abrupt environmental change is a significant environmental problem throughout the world. Extinctions of plants are particularly important yet are often overlooked. Drawing from a case in Hawai‘i, a global hotspot for plant and other extinctions, we demonstrate an effort to better understand and determine priorities for the management of an endangered plant (‘Ihi makole or Portulaca sclerocarpa) in the face of rapid and extreme environmental change. Volcanic heat emissions and biological invasions have anecdotally been suggested as possible threats to the species. We integrated P. sclerocarpa outplanting with efforts to collect geological and ecological data to gauge the role of elevated soil temperatures and invasive grasses in driving P. sclerocarpa mortality and population decline. We measured soil temperature, soil depth, surrounding cover and P. sclerocarpa survivorship over three decades. The abundance of wild P. sclerocarpa decreased by 99.7% from the 1990s to 2021. Only 51% of outplantings persisted through 3–4 years. Binomial regression and structural equation modelling revealed that, among the variables we analysed, high soil temperatures were most strongly associated with population decline. Finding the niche where soil temperatures are low enough to allow P. sclerocarpa survival but high enough to limit other agents of P. sclerocarpa mortality may be necessary to increase population growth of this species.
Neural networks with dimensionality reduction for predicting temperature change due to plastic deformation in a cold rolling simulation
Authors: Hou Chun Kit Jeffery , Behdinan Kamran 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cold rolling involves large deformation of the workpiece leading to temperature increase due to plastic deformation. This process is highly nonlinear and leads to large computation times to fully model the process. This paper describes the use of dimension-reduced neural networks (DR-NNs) for predicting temperature changes due to plastic deformation in a two-stage cold rolling process. The main objective of these models is to reduce computational demand, error, and uncertainty in predictions. Material properties, feed velocity, sheet dimensions, and friction models are introduced as inputs for the dimensionality reduction. Different linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods reduce the input space to a smaller set of principal components. The principal components are fed as inputs to the neural networks for predicting the output temperature change. The DR-NNs are compared against a standalone neural network and show improvements in terms of lower computational time and prediction uncertainty.
Risk of parental psychiatric disorders among adolescents with major depressive disorder according to response to antidepressant treatment: does the type of antidepressant matter?
Authors: Tsai Shih-Jen , Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Kai-Lin , Bai Ya-Mei , Su Tung-Ping , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chen Mu-Hong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe genetic load for major depressive disorder (MDD) may be higher in people who develop MDD earlier in life. This study aimed to investigate whether the parents of adolescents with MDD were more likely to have MDD, bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenic disorder (SZ), alcohol use disorder, or substance use disorder than the parents of adolescents without MDD. We also examined whether the response to antidepressant treatment predicted the likelihood of parental psychiatric disorders.MethodsIn all, 1,758 adolescents aged 12–19 years with antidepressant-resistant depression, 7,032 (1:4) age-/sex-matched adolescents with antidepressant-responsive depression and 7,032 (1:4) age-/sex-matched controls were included. Parental psychiatric disorders of individuals enrolled were assessed.ResultsThe parents of the adolescents with MDD were more likely to be diagnosed with MDD, BD, SZ, alcohol use disorder, or substance use disorder than the parents of the control group. The parents of adolescents who were antidepressant resistant and the mothers of adolescents who were either treatment resistant or treatment responsive were more likely to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder.DiscussionOur study demonstrated that parents of adolescents with MDD may be more likely to be diagnosed with MDD, BD, SZ, alcohol use disorder, or substance use disorder than parents of adolescents without MDD, suggesting the within-disorder transmission and cross-disorder transmission of these psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the parent’s sex and the response to antidepressant treatment may affect the within-disorder transmission of MDD.
Kant on Despondent Moral Failure
Authors: Moran Kate 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTypically, Kant describes maxims that violate the moral law as engaging in a kind of comparative judgement: the person who makes a false promise judges it best – at least subjectively – to deceive her friend. I argue that this is not the only possible account of moral failure for Kant. In particular, when we examine maxims of so-called despondency (Verzagtheit) we find that some maxims are resistant to comparative judgement. I argue that this is true for at least two reasons: first, the despondent agent has a maxim to avoid suffering at all costs; second, this anxious preoccupation with suffering makes the despondent agent prone to failures associated with the imagination and its role in creating an ideal of happiness.
Do Male and Female Legislators Have Different Twitter Communication Styles?
Authors: Butler Daniel M. , Kousser Thad , Oklobdzija Stan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCommunication is a fundamental step in the process of political representation, and an influential stream of research hypothesizes that male and female politicians talk to their constituents in very different ways. To build the broad dataset necessary for this analysis, we harness the massive trove of communication by American politicians through Twitter. We adopt a supervised learning approach that begins with the hand coding of over 10,000 tweets and then use these to train machine learning algorithms to categorize the full corpus of over three million tweets sent by the lower house state legislators who were serving in the summer of 2017. Our results provide insights into politicians’ behavior and the consequence of women’s underrepresentation on what voters learn about legislative activity.
Calling time on the imperial lawn and the imperative for greenhouse gas mitigation
Authors: Gillman Len N. , Bollard Barbara , Leuzinger Sebastian 
Published: January 2023

Non-technical summaryAs green spaces, lawns are often thought to capture carbon from the atmosphere. However, once mowing, fertlising and irrigation are taken into account, we show that they become carbon sources, at least in the long run. Converting unused urban and rural lawn and grassland to treescapes can make a substantial contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon absorption from the atmosphere. However, it is imperative for governing bodies to put in place appropriate policies and incentives in order to achieve this.Technical summaryMown grass or lawn is a ubiquitous form of vegetation in human-dominated landscapes and it is often claimed to perform an ecosystem service by sequestering soil carbon. If lawn maintenance is included, however, we show that lawns become net carbon emitters. We estimate that globally, if one-third of mown grass in cities was returned to treescapes, 310–1630 million tonnes of carbon could be absorbed from the atmosphere, and up to 43 tonnes of carbon equivalent per hectare of emissions could be avoided over a two-decade time span. We therefore propose that local and central governments introduce policies to incentivise and/or regulate the conversion of underutilised grass into treescapes.Social media summaryIf unused lawns were planted with trees, a gigaton of carbon could be removed from the atmosphere over two decades.