bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Receptor for Fc on Mouse B-Lymphocytes
Authors: Paraskevas F. , Lee S-T. , Orr K. B. , Israels L. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antigen-antibody complexes derived from rabbit antibodies bind to mouse spleen lymphocytes. This binding was detected by the inhibition of reverse immune cytoadherence (RICA), a technique detecting surface γ globulin and suggests that these complexes bind to γ globulin carrying B-cells. Complement is not a requirement for binding. Complexes made from 5S bivalent antibodies do not bind nor does 7S antibody or normal γ globulin. Chemically produced microaggregates of ferritin show no binding. Mouse complexes made with mouse γG (7Sγ2a) antibodies also bind to mouse spleen cells.
Fc fragments isolated by papain digestion of rabbit antibodies also inhibit RICA and Fc crystals can form around the mouse spleen lymphocytes. Fc from normal rabbit γ globulin is less inhibitory. These results are presented as evidence of the existence of a receptor, provisionally called the Fc receptor, on the surface of mouse spleen lymphocytes which are probably B-cells.
Association of Synthetic Polypeptides with Ribonucleic Acid of Immunocompetent Tissues
Authors: Smyth Robert D. , Maurer Paul H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The association of 125I-labeled synthetic polypeptides with ribonucleic acid (RNA) of rabbit peritoneal exudate (p.e.) cells in in vitro systems has been shown to be a cell-mediated reaction, related to the charge, state of aggregation and optical configuration of the polymer. Although slightly higher levels of several D-amino acid polymers were associated with p.e. cells in in vitro systems, the concentrations of p.e. cell RNA-associated 125I-polypeptides of the L-configuration were significantly greater than the D-form. Intraperitoneal administration of the L or D configuration of the polymer—(Glu60Ala30Tyr10)n—(GAT) to oil-stimulated rabbits resulted in p.e. cell uptake and RNA-association of both isomeric polypeptide forms. Whereas the levels of cellular and RNA-associated L-polypeptide declined rapidly over a 24-hr period, the respective concentrations of the D-polymer significantly increased during this period. Similar observations were noted following i.v. administration of D- or L-GAT to normal or hyperimmune animals. Levels of 125I L-GAT declined rapidly over a 24-hr period in kidney, bone marrow, liver, spleen and lymph node. Tissue and RNA-associated levels of 125I D-GAT remained fairly constant for 7 days after administration. There was essentially no correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies with respect to formation of RNA-antigen complexes. The significance of tissue distribution and polypeptide metabolism in the intact animal, its role in the formation of RNA-antigen complexes and induction of the immune response appear to preclude any oversimplification in attempting to correlate data from a unicom-partmental in vitro cell system with the dynamic multicompartmental in vivo systems.
Synthesis of a Photo-Activated Menadione (VIT K1) Affinity Label and Its Reaction with a Menadione-Binding Myeloma Protein
Authors: Rosenstein Robert W. , Richards Frank F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Photolytically derived carbenes were first used by Westheimer's group (1) as labeling agents for proteins. The carbenes and the related nitrenes (2) are useful agents for labeling receptor sites on proteins where a primary, non-covalent complex can be formed between protein and label. Such complexes can subsequently be triggered by near-UV light to give a carbene or nitrene capable of reacting covalently with amino acid side chains. Diazoketone reagents have been used with myeloma proteins and antibodies (3, 4) and supplement the information given by other types of affinity reagents labeling residues present at or near the combining site (5–7).
A γA myeloma protein (protein 460) derived from the mouse tumor line MOPC 460 binds menadione with a K° in the order of 104 l/mol. This myeloma protein also binds other haptens with higher binding constants elsewhere in the combining region (8). We have used an affinity label derived from menadione to study the primary and three-dimensional structure of immunoglobulin-combining sites.
Complement-Mediated Tissue Damage: Contribution of the Classical and Alternate Complement Pathways in the Forssman Reaction
Authors: May Joseph E. , Frank Michael M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The contribution of the classical and alternate complement pathways to complement-mediated tissue damage in the Forssman reaction was studied in a strain of C4D guinea pigs with a nonoperative classical pathway, but an intact alternate pathway. It was found that the C4D guinea pigs were resistant to the Forssman reaction, but that reconstitution of the classical pathway by the administration of normal guinea pig serum as a source of C4 restored the deficient animals' susceptibility to the toxic effects of injected Forssman antiserum. C4D animals with a restored C4 level only developed the Forssman reaction if the Forssman antiserum was injected many hours after the injection of C4. Thus, a period of time was required for C4 to distribute within the extravascular compartment. These results indicate that interaction of anti-Forssman antibody with extravascular Forssman antigen and complement is necessary for lethality, and that vascular endothelial damage cannot alone account for the pathogenesis of the Forssman reaction, as previously believed. The results also indicate that intravascular C4 is not freely available to tissue sites.
The Effect of Immunoregulatory α Globulin (IRA) upon Lymphocytes in Vitro
Authors: Cooperband Sidney R. , Badger Alison M. , Davis Robert C. , Schmid Karl , Mannick John A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An immunosuppressive factor has been extracted from α globulin containing fractions of human plasma proteins, which we have called “immunoregulatory α globubin” (IRA). Cohn fraction IV has been found to contain this material. The IRA has been assayed by its ability to inhibit human blood lymphocyte proliferation induced in vitro by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The IRA has been effective in reducing PHA-induced proliferation by 75% at doses as low as 0.2 mg/106 cells in 1 ml of culture. Most fractions, however, were active at 2 to 3 mg/ml. We have also found the IRA to suppress lymphocyte proliferation induced by anti-human thymocyte serum and specific antigens. The concentration of IRA necessary to inhibit these weaker mitogenic stimuli was considerably less than that necessary to inhibit PHA response.
The IRA does not act by cytotoxicity, contains no cortisol and does not appear to interact sterically with the stimulating agents. The IRA is not firmly bound to lymphocytes. In inhibiting the PHA response, IRA behaves as a noncompetitive antagonist of the early metabolic events which lead to “lymphocyte activation.”
Rapid Micro-Radioimmunoassay for the Measurement of Antiviral Antibody
Authors: Rosenthal Joel D. , Hayashi Kozaburo , Notkins Abner Louis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The binding of radiolabeled antiviral antibody to the surface of virus-infected cells can be used to detect viral antigens and measure antiviral antibody (1, 2). The binding of radiolabeled anti-γ globulin to unlabeled antiviral immunoglobulins on the surface of infected cells also can be used to quantitate antiviral antibody (3). This indirect technique is highly sensitive and has the advantage of employing a single reagent (125I-labeled anti-γ globulin) to detect antibody against a variety of viruses. Both the direct and indirect techniques, however, require fairly large quantities of materials and a monolayer of cells. We now describe an indirect radioimmunoassay which requires only small amounts of material and employs antigens prepared from virus-infected cells.
Materials and Methods. Viral antigens. Monolayers of primary rabbit kidney cells, grown in Eagle's minimal essential medium with 10% heat-inactivated calf serum, were infected with type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV) or vaccinia virus (CVI-79) (4–6).
Thymus Dependence of Cells in Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues and in the Circulation Sensitive to Natural Thymocytotoxic Autoantibody in NZB Mice
Authors: Shirai Toshikazu , Yoshiki Takashi , Mellors Robert C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The natural autoantibody against thymocytes of NZB mice was found to be cytotoxic in the presence of complement for some lymphocytes in the peripheral lymphoid tissues and in the circulation of C57BL/6J mice and phenotypically normal mice heterozygous for the recessive nude gene (nu/+). An extreme reduction or a total depletion in the number of autoantibody-sensitive lymphocytes was observed both in C57BL/6J mice thymectomized as newborns or as adults and in congenitally athymic nude mice homozygous for the nude gene (nu/nu). This observation suggests that the natural autoantibody against thymocytes of NZB mice has specificity for thymus-dependent cells. Congenitally athymic mice, although lacking autoantibody-sensitive lymphocytes, showed reactive antigen in brain tissue.
Studies on the Relative Synthesis and Distribution of IgA and IgG1 in Various Tissues and Body Fluids of the Cow
Authors: Butler John E. , Maxwell Charlotte F. , Pierce Carol S. , Hylton Martha B. , Asofsky Richard , Kiddy Charles A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In vitro synthesis of bovine IgA was detected by a radioimmunoelectrophoretic assay in 17 of 20 different tissues obtained from cows and 2 of 6 different tissues obtained from a 1-week-old calf. Conclusions drawn from these qualitative studies are supported by the results of preliminary quantitative data. Synthesis of IgA was most pronounced in the adult ileum, duodenum, colon, lungs, lower nasal mucosa, oral pharyngeal mucosa, parotid gland, lacrimal gland and thymus and the calf parotid and lacrimal glands. Correspondingly, IgA, not IgG1, is the principal immunoglobulin in bovine tears and saliva. In comparison to other secretory tissues of the cow and the mammary glands of the rabbit, human and monkey, the bovine mammary gland shows moderate deficiency in the synthesis of IgA. This deficiency is reflected in the fact that IgA does not become the predominant immunoglobulin of normal bovine milk, although an increase in the IgA to IgG1 ratio does occur after parturition. The adult bovine thymus is an immunologically active secretory tissue, but the ileum of the 1-week-old calf appears to lack an IgA-producing system. The concentration of serum IgA is lower than in the human and is greater before calving than after. Most of the IgG1 synthesized in the mammary gland is eluted from Sephadex G-200 before 7S IgG1.
Identification of “J” Chain in a Homogeneous Canine IgA Immunoglobulin
Authors: Kehoe J. Michael , Tomasi Thomas B. , Ellouz Farielle , Capra J. Donald 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A homogeneous IgA protein was isolated from the serum of a dog with myelomatous disease. Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that approximately 60% of this protein existed as an 11S component and the remainder as higher order polymers. The reactivity of the intact protein with an anti-human “J” chain antiserum implied that it contained a considerable amount of a “J” component. This was confirmed by the isolation of a highly acidic polypeptide by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography from the 11S IgA after reduction. The amino acid composition of this polypeptide corresponded closely to that reported by others for human “J” components.
Myasthenia Gravis: Cross-Striational Fluorescence of Muscle Fibers Mediated by Fc Fragments
Authors: Aarli Johan A. , Closs Otto 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antiglobulin consumption test was performed by using human skeletal muscle tissue incubated with Fc fragments of γG globulins prepared from normal human serum. An increased consumption was found indicating binding of the Fc fragments to the tissue. The indirect immunofluorescence test was employed for localization of the binding. A cross-striational staining was found. The intensity was weaker, but the pattern otherwise indistinguishable from that observed when using a positive myasthenia gravis serum.
Genetics of the Immune Response
Authors: Di Pauli Raimund 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antibody response to Salmonella lipopolysaccharides was investigated at the cellular level by means of a hemolytic plaque test combined with inhibition. With these techniques the cross-reactivity of antibodies produced by single cells could be studied. A difference in the ability of mouse strains to produce typical specific antibodies was found. This strain difference resides in the process that recognizes the antigen and is not due to a lack of antibody-producing precursor cells. The role of receptors in the recognition of lipopolysaccharide antigens is discussed.
IgD-Bearing Human Lymphocytes
Authors: van Boxel John A. , Paul William E. , Terry William D. , Green Ira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgD is a class of immunoglobulin described, thus far, only in humans and constituting approximately 0.2% of all serum immunoglobulin (1–2). Although antibody activity has been ascribed to the IgD class of immunoglobulin, the biologic function of these molecules is unknown (3–10). We now report that a surprisingly large fraction of human peripheral blood lymphocytes bear surface IgD. Thus, a mean of 2.7% of lymphocytes can be shown to have membrane-associated IgD. This is approximately 18% of all lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulin.
Materials and Methods. Heparinized venous blood from normal adult donors was sedimented in 6% dextran (Phamachem Corp., Bethlehem, Pa.) and the white cell-rich supernatant plasma incubated on rayon wool columns for 30 min at 37°C in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2. The erythrocytes in the effluent cell suspensions were lysed with ammonium chloride (11); the cells were then washed and resuspended in RPMI 1640 (Grand Island Biological Co., Rockville, Md.).
Intravaginal Immunization of Humans with Candida Albicans
Authors: Waldman R. H. , Cruz J. M. , Rowe D. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ten women were immunized intravaginally with a Candida albicans vaccine. Antibody was measured by a radioactive single radial immunodiffusion technique, and antibody activity was expressed as the area of the precipitin ring. The mean rise in serum antibody was 41 to 66 mm2. The mean rise in cervicovaginal secretion antibody was from &lt;12 mm2 to 74 mm2. The cervicovaginal secretion antibody was removed by absorption with anti-IgA, but not appreciably by anti-IgG or anti-IgM. These results suggest that cervicovaginal secretion IgA antibody is locally produced and can be stimulated by local application of antigen.
Polymer Formation and J Chain Synthesis in Mouse Plasmacytomas
Authors: Halpern Michael S. , Coffman Robert L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three out of four cloned mouse plasmacytoma cell lines examined synthesized and secreted polymeric IgA with covalently bound J chain, thus establishing that J is synthesized by the plasma cell. A fourth cell line synthesized and secreted only monomer (7S) IgA which contained no J chain. In the immunoglobulin secreted by the polymer-secreting lines, J was not bound to monomer and was added to polymer at or very near the time of polymerization. These results are consistent with the suggestion that polymer assembly is mediated by J chain.
Lymphocyte Classes in New Zealand Mice
Authors: Stobo John D. , Talal Norman , Paul William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Newborn through 1-year-old NZB mice demonstrate a 30 to 50% decrease in the frequency of κ-bearing splenic lymphocytes, compared to similarly aged BALB/c mice. In addition, the frequency of immunoglobulin-bearing cells among lymph node and spleen cell populations of 6-week-old NZB, NZW and (NZB × NZW)F1 mice is substantially decreased compared to five normal strains. In NZ animals, the immunoglobulin-bearing cells appear to be replaced by a nonthymus-derived lymphocyte which lacks detectable ϑ or κ chain determinants. Although the significance of these cells is yet uncertain, they may be an early manifestation of a basic immunologic defect in NZ animals.
Radiation Dose, Dose Rate, and Quality in Suppression of the Humoral Immune Response
Authors: Gottlieb Charles F. , Gengozian Nazareth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Radiation-induced immunosuppression was studied with special emphasis on the factors of dose rate and quality of the radiation. Fission neutrons, x-rays, and 60Co γ-rays at dose rates ranging from 2.8 to 95 rads/min were tested for their biologic effect. Data reported earlier from our laboratory were supplemented as necessary to allow intercomparisons to be made. The biologic systems in the mouse included: a) animal mortality, b) immune response capability of the irradiated animal, and c) antibody formation by irradiated spleen cells cultured in unresponsive hosts. The following empiric relationships were established: a) the three biologic responses were each related to the radiation dose by a probit-type analysis, b) the magnitude of the dose-rate effect was an exponential function of the linear energy transfer (LET), and c) the inverse cube root dose-rate relationship reported earlier was confirmed. Immunosuppression of the whole animal was related to mortality, but not in a simple manner: as the LET of the radiation used declined, the level of immunosuppression at the LD50 increased, indicating that mortality is not necessarily a measure of the level of immune activity. We present an empiric expression relating the radiation dose rate and quality (LET) to the expected biologic effect, anticipating the possible application of these data to clinical situations.
Complement-Unlike Hemolytic Activity in Lobster Hemolymph
Authors: Hall James L. , Rowlands David T. , Nilsson Ulf R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hemagglutinating and cobra venom factor (CVF)-activated hemolytic activities were found in the hemolymph of the lobster, Homarus americanus. The substances in hemolymph responsible for these two activities were separated and shown to be mutually independent. Hemolytic activity was due to the action of a low level of phospholipase A in the CVF preparation on lobster hemolymph lipoprotein. Lecithin was converted to lysolecithin. Phospholipase A activity was also demonstrated in a commercial preparation of CVF. Lecithin and human lipoproteins as well as lobster lipoproteins were suitable substrates for both CVF preparations.
Chemical Evidence for λ-Type Amyloid Fibril Proteins
Authors: Kimura S. , Guyer R. , Terry W. D. , Glenner G. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A group of proteins comprising the major component of human amyloid fibrils have been shown to have antigenic determinants in common with the amino terminal segment of immunoglobulin light polypeptide chains (1). On the basis of these immunochemical studies amyloid proteins of immunoglobulin origin have been designated as either of λ- or κ-type. Automatic amino acid sequence analysis has demonstrated that the κ-type amyloid fibril proteins are homologous with the amino terminal protion of a κ-Bence Jones (BJ)3 protein (2, 3).
Amyloid fibril proteins isolated from four patients have been fractionated by gel filtration to purity as defined by the presence of a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis (4). Immunochemical analysis of these four preparations showed reactions consistent with the presence of λ-light chains (1) and chemical analysis indicated that the polypeptide chains in these preparations had unreactive amino terminal residues (4).
Disappearance and Recovery of Human Monocyte IgG Receptor Activity After Phagocytosis
Authors: Schmidt M. E. , Douglas S. D. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Human monocytes were incubated with latex or formalin pre-treated SRBC and tested for IgG receptor activity. After 10 min, receptor activity could not be detected in 90% of phagocytizing cells; after 6 hr, 78 to 84% of the monocytes recovered IgG receptors. The kinetic data and the morphologic observation of selective sites of membrane binding suggest internalization followed by recovery of monocyte plasma membrane IgG receptor sites.
New Specificities in Australia Antigen Positive Sera Distinct from the Le Bouvier Determinants
Authors: Magnius Lars O. , Espmark J. Åke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence for new antigenic specificities in Australia antigen positive sera, for one of which we have proposed the designation e, has been obtained in immunodiffusion tests according to Ouchterlony. These specificities co-occur with Au antigen and are distinct from the a, d, y and x determinants of the Au antigen complex according to Le Bouvier and occur on particles other than those carrying the a determinant. It was found in 18 out of 23 persistent carriers of Au antigen from hemodialysis units, in 6 out of 43 Au positive hepatitis cases but in none of 17 Au antigen-carrying blood donors. In the latter group, however, antibodies against the specificities described herein occurred in 13 out of 17 individuals. In five of these cases the antibody was directed against the e specificity. Some evidence is presented for the possible association of this antigen complex to contagiousness.
The Immune Capacity of Lymphocytes after Cross-Linking of Surface Immunoglobulin Receptors by Antibody
Authors: Katz David H. , Unanue Emil R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from mice primed previously with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), horse erythrocytes (HRBC) or trinitrophenyl (TNP)-HRBC were incubated in vitro under appropriate conditions and with doses of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies known to cause partial or complete endocytosis of surface Ig-anti-Ig complexes. The effect of such treatment on the immune capacity of such cells was evaluated by both in vivo adoptive transfer secondary antibody responses and in vitro secondary antibody responses. These studies have shown that movement and endocytosis of surface Ig receptors by anti-Ig do not, per se, diminish or abolish the capacity of primed lymphoid cells to respond in a normal fashion to antigen subsequent to the reappearance of their receptors. Similarly, movement and endocytosis, per se, do not appear to trigger primed B lymphocytes to result in antibody formation in the absence of specific antigen either in vivo or in vitro. On the other hand, after reaction with anti-Ig, the efficiency of the antibody response of primed lymphoid cells in vitro is significantly increased upon subsequent antigenic stimulation.
The Immunologic Specificity and Biologic Activity of Heterologous Anti-Human Sera
Authors: Bachvaroff R. , Rapaport F. T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cultured human fibroblasts obtained from normal donors were used to produce heteroantisera in rabbits. The resulting antisera contained high titers of cytotoxic antibodies against three major categories of cell surface antigens: 1) species-specific antigens present on all human tissues tested; 2) species-specific antigens shared by man and subhuman primates; 3) fibroblast-specific antigens. In addition, rabbit antisera against human fibroblasts contained non-cytotoxic precipitating antibodies against soluble antigen(s) present in fibroblasts, lymphocytes and in the α1-glycoprotein fraction of normal human serum.