bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site-Specific Amplitude-Distance Laws, Wave Velocities, Damping, and Transfer Functions of the Soil from Hammer Impacts and Application to Railway-Induced Ground Vibration: Similarities and Mid-Frequency Differences
Authors: Auersch Lutz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to check if and how hammer experiments can be applied to the prediction of railway vibration.

Methods
The propagation of ground vibrations is theoretically analysed with frequency-wavenumber and simplified methods. Experimental methods are presented which can characterise the site-specific ground vibrations by wave velocities, stiffness and damping. Measurements with hammer and train excitation have been performed at several sites.

Results
The one-third octave spectra show the stiffness-dependent amplitudes and the low- and high-frequency filter effects due to the layering and the damping of the soil. Specific train effects, an additional high-frequency filter, the sleeper passage frequency, and an amplified mid-frequency component can be clearly found. The attenuation with distance is analysed in detail where the theoretical exponential and the empirical frequency-dependent power law are considered. Hammer and train excitation show the same site-specific effects which are mainly due to the stronger or weaker damping of the soil. The train attenuation is generally weaker than the hammer attenuation. The attenuation exponent of the power law, which is strongly dependent on the site and the frequency, is reduced for the train vibration by 0.3–0.5 in agreement with the theory. Reasons are discussed for the overall power law and for the dominating mid-frequency component.

Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded that hammer experiments can well be used for the prediction of train vibrations.
Evaluation of alternative substrates for rearing the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor (L)
Authors: Langston K. , Selaledi L. , Yusuf A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLarvae of the mealworm beetleTenebrio molitoris commonly used as feed for pets and food for humans due to its rich nutrient contents. The beetle breeds prolifically and are reared in close proximity with their diet; known as substrates. However, the most commonly used substrate, wheat bran, is expensive making the rearing out of reach to many, especially in developing countries. This study evaluated the suitability of six other potential substrates; wheat flour, maize flour, Lucerne pellets, dog food, soya four and oats in comparison to wheat bran in order to explore a cost-effective alternative rearing substrate for mealworms. To achieve this, the mealworms were reared in a climate-controlled chamber and the total numbers, weight and the fecundity were determined for each substrate. Wheat bran and wheat flour produced the most mealworms, had the highest fecundity with wheat bran, Lucerne pellets an oat producing heavier worms than all other substrates. Maize flour, wheat flour and Lucerne, were found to be the most cost-effective alternative substrates for rearing mealworms with the cost per gram at 0.07, 0.05 and 0.04 US$ respectively. Both wheat flour and maize flour are easily accessible, have a long self-life thus ideal for both large-and small-scale production.Graphical Abstract
These Aren’t The Droids You Are Looking for: Promises and Challenges for the Intersection of Affective Science and Robotics/AI
Authors: Kappas Arvid , Gratch Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAI research focused on interactions with humans, particularly in the form of robots or virtual agents, has expanded in the last two decades to include concepts related to affective processes. Affective computing is an emerging field that deals with issues such as how the diagnosis of affective states of users can be used to improve such interactions, also with a view to demonstrate affective behavior towards the user. This type of research often is based on two beliefs: (1) artificial emotional intelligence will improve human computer interaction (or more specifically human robot interaction), and (2) we understand the role of affective behavior in human interaction sufficiently to tell artificial systems what to do. However, within affective science the focus of research is often to test a particular assumption, such as “smiles affect liking.” Such focus does not provide the information necessary to synthesize affective behavior in long dynamic and real-time interactions. In consequence, theories do not play a large role in the development of artificial affective systems by engineers, but self-learning systems develop their behavior out of large corpora of recorded interactions. The status quo is characterized by measurement issues, theoretical lacunae regarding prevalence and functions of affective behavior in interaction, and underpowered studies that cannot provide the solid empirical foundation for further theoretical developments. This contribution will highlight some of these challenges and point towards next steps to create a rapprochement between engineers and affective scientists with a view to improving theory and solid applications.
Spatial and temporal changes of charosphere hotspots with or without nitrogen additions
Authors: Ran Hongyu , Wang Yan , Wei Keyu , Liu Ying , Wang Gang , Zhu Kun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe charosphere is a thin soil one surrounding the biochar with highly active biochemical functions. Yet, little is known about the spatial and temporal distribution of charosphere hotspots. In this study, repacked soil cores were incubated with a central layer of biochar (pristine or acid-modified) with or without nitrogen (N) additions for 30 days and sliced at the millimeter scale for analyzing soil pH, mineral N, bacterial and fungal communities as well as the putative functions. We aimed to determine gradient distributions (in millimeter scale) of charosphere affected by biochar under different N additions. Our results showed narrower gradient changes (3 mm) of microbial community composition and wider shifts (6 mm) in pH and inorganic N contents in charosphere. The pristine biochar increased the soil pH up to 1.5 units in the charosphere, and subsequently boosted the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Zygomycota. With N addition, both the biochar site and charosphere were observed with decreased complexity of microbial networks, which might imply the limited microbial functionality of charosphere. These results will advance the understanding and prediction of biochar’s environmental impacts in soil.
Graphical abstract
Interdependent factors influencing the carbon yield, structure, and CO$$_{2}$$ adsorption capacity of lignocellulose-derived carbon fibers using multiple linear regression
Authors: Miranda-Valdez Isaac Y. , Guizani Chamseddine , Abbrederis Nathalie , Trogen Mikaela , Hummel Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCellulose has experienced a renaissance as a precursor for carbon fibers (CFs). However, cellulose possesses intrinsic challenges as precursor substrate such as typically low carbon yield. This study examines the interplay of strategies to increase the carbonization yield of (ligno-) cellulosic fibers manufactured via a coagulation process. Using Design of Experiments, this article assesses the individual and combined effects of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP), lignin, and CO$$_{2}$$

2

activation on the carbonization yield and properties of cellulose-based carbon fibers. Synergistic effects are identified using the response surface methodology. This paper evidences that DAP and lignin could affect cellulose pyrolysis positively in terms of carbonization yield. Nevertheless, DAP and lignin do not have an additive effect on increasing the yield. In fact, combined DAP and lignin can affect negatively the carbonization yield within a certain composition range. Further, the thermogravimetric CO$$_{2}$$

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adsorption of the respective CFs was measured, showing relatively high values (ca. 2 mmol/g) at unsaturated pressure conditions. The CFs were microporous materials with potential applications in gas separation membranes and CO$$_{2}$$

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storage systems.
Graphical abstract
Comparing the Acute Effects of a Session of Isometric Strength Training with Heavy Resistance Training on Neuromuscular Function
Authors: Lum Danny , Howatson Glyn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study compared the acute effects of a session of isometric strength training (ISO) with heavy resistance training (HRT) training on 20-m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) performance.

Methods
Ten resistance-trained athletes (age: 26.7 ± 6.2 years, body mass: 71.5 ± 16.2 kg, height: 1.68 ± 0.10 m) performed baseline measures for 20-m sprint, CMJ and IMTP prior to either an ISO or HRT session. During both training sessions, participants performed back squats, Romanian deadlift and split squat. Post-test performances were measured 5 min and 24 h after each training session. Participants returned a week later to perform the other training session.

Results
A significant time × condition effect was found for 20-m sprint time (P = 0.007) and IMTP peak force (P = 0.003). Main time effect was observed for 20-m sprint (P < 0.001), CMJ height (P < 0.001) and IMTP peak force (P < 0.001). HRT resulted in a greater increase in sprint time at 5 min (0.17 ± 0.12 vs. 0.06 ± 0.05 s, P = 0.013, g = 1.15) and 24 h (0.01 ± 0.09 vs. 0.00 ± 0.05 s, P = 0.004, g = 1.32) post-training as compared to ISO. Similarly, HRT resulted in a significantly larger reduction in IMTP peak force than ISO at both 5 min (− 363.3 ± 248.8 vs. − 98.9 ± 230.3 N, P = 0.024, g = 1.06) and 24 h (− 289.2 ± 256.2 vs. 37.9 ± 177.8 N, P = 0.004, g = 1.42) post-training. Total impulses generated during each exercise were greater during ISO than HRT (P < 0.001–0.006). Rating of perceived recovery post 24 h was higher in ISO than HRT (P = 0.002).

Conclusion
The above results indicated that acute HRT led to a greater reduction in sprinting strength performance and lower perceived recovery post-24 h than ISO.
Green synthesis and catalytic activity assessment of bespoke nano-catalyst for eco-friendly green propellant systems based on hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Elbasuney Sherif , Attwa Mohamed , Deif A. , ElGamal M. , Fayoud Ahmed , Abdelkhalek Sherif M. , Gobara M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMuch effort has been devoted to replace pollutant, toxic, cancerogenic hydrazine-based propellants. Hydrogen peroxide could secure promising characteristics as well as high density specific impulse. Effective catalysts with high durability are required to commence H2O2 decompositions, and to inherit hypergolic nature with different hydrocarbon fuels. Silver nanoparticles (18 nm) were synthesized via hydrogen gas evolved by water electrolysis. MnO2 (20 nm) was developed in a sustainable manner via green hydrothermal processing. High crystalline, mono-dispersed particles were developed. Catalytic activity was assessed via precise measurements of liquid temperature profile (LTP) up to the boiling point of hydrogen peroxide. Whereas silver demonstrated LTP peak within 20 s; MnO2 experienced LTP within 40 s. Catalyst survivability was recorded via precise measurement of life time mass loss rate upon catalyst addition to hydrogen peroxide. While silver nano-catalyst demonstrated high performance at the reaction start; silver was found to be poisoned with crystalline phase change to silver oxide within 20 s. On the contrary, manganese oxide experienced high durable catalytic action. Consequently, MnO2 could be candidate for H2O2 monopropellant thrusters as catalyst bed. On the other hand, silver nanoparticles could be candidate for a single use in bipropellant system to inherit hypergolicity. This study presents a pioneering report on facile synthesis of catalyst nanoparticles; comprehensive catalytic activity assessment of silver to manganese oxide for H2O2 decomposition was represented. Proper catalyst assortment for practical applications was represented.
Changes in surface mass balance and summer temperature from 1961–1990 to 1991–2020 for 37 glaciers with long records
Authors: Braithwaite Roger J. , Hughes Philip D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent satellite measurements of glacier mass balance show mountain glaciers all over the world had generally negative mass balances in the first decades of the 21st century. We analyse archived data for surface mass balance and summer temperature for 37 Northern Hemisphere glaciers with data for 1961–2020. We compare mean annual balances for 1961–90 and 1991–2020, and for 25 glaciers explain the changes in annual balance by changes in winter and summer balances. Mean balances 1961–90 were already substantially negative for 19 out of the 25 glaciers. Changes in winter balances from 1961–90 to 1991–2020 average close to zero but changes in summer balance are strongly negative. Mean balance 1991–2020 is strongly correlated with change in summer balance, weakly correlated with winter balance change, and strongly correlated with mean balance 1961–90. We estimate 1991–2020 summer temperature anomalies for the 37 glaciers and confirm that summer temperature anomalies for 1991–2020 were higher for the Alps, by nearly 1.5°C, than for other areas. Substantial variations in the temperature – sensitivity of summer balances for individual glaciers of −0.2 to −1.0 m w.e. a−1°C−1 deserve further study.
Improving Learning in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Angrist Noam , Aurino Elisabetta , Patrinos Harry A. , Psacharopoulos George , Vegas Emiliana , Nordjo Ralph , Wong Brad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe current challenge of education systems is learning. Across low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMCs), 62 % of 10-year-olds could not read at a minimally sufficient level in 2015. This study provides an overview of recent spending on education and its correlation with learning outcomes. We show that the relationship between education spending and learning is historically weak. From 2000 to 2015, LICs and LMCs increased spending on education in primary schools by ~$137 per student, an 80 % inflation-adjusted increase, with no corresponding change on the average learning outcomes. We then conduct a benefit-cost analysis of candidate interventions that could increase learning at low cost. Two interventions – structured pedagogy and, teaching at the right level, with and without a technology component generate large benefit-cost ratios. If deployed uniformly to reach 90 % of the 467 million students in LICs and LMCs, these interventions would cost on average $18 per student per year or $7.6 billion annually, generating $65 in benefits for every $1 spent. The economic logic behind this finding is that the hard and costly work of getting children into primary schools has mostly been accomplished, leaving open the possibility of learning interventions that improve the efficiency of the existing education system at low cost. Our results show that increasing education expenditure by just 6 % could increase learning by 120 % if directed toward these highly cost-effective interventions.
Informing the Global Data Future: Benchmarking Data Governance Frameworks
Authors: Marcucci Sara , Alarcón Natalia González , Verhulst Stefaan G. , Wüllhorst Elena 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Data has become a critical trans-national and cross-border resource. Yet, the lack of a well-defined approach to using it poses challenges to harnessing its value. This article explores the increasing importance of global data governance due to the rapid growth of data, and the need for responsible data practices. The purpose of this paper is to compare approaches and identify patterns in the emergent data governance ecosystem within sectors close to the international development field, ultimately presenting key takeaways and reflections on when and why a global data governance framework may be needed. Overall, the paper provides information about the conditions when a more holistic, coordinated transnational approach to data governance may be needed to responsibly manage the global flow of data. The report does this by (a) considering conditions specified by the literature that may be conducive to global data governance, and (b) analyzing and comparing existing frameworks, specifically investigating six key elements: purpose, principles, anchoring documents, data description and lifecycle, processes, and practices. The article closes with a series of final recommendations, which include adopting a broader concept of data stewardship to reconcile data protection and promotion, focusing on responsible reuse of data to unlock socioeconomic value, harmonizing meanings to operationalize principles, incorporating global human rights frameworks to provide common North Stars, unifying key definitions of data, adopting a data lifecycle approach, incorporating participatory processes and collective agency, investing in new professions with specific roles, improving accountability through oversight and compliance mechanisms, and translating recommendations into practical tools.
Two Raji Dialects Converge with Persian: Contrasting Responses to Contact Influence
Authors: Talebi-Dastenaei Mahnaz , Poshtvan Hamideh , Anonby Erik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRaji is a Central Plateau (Iranic) language spoken in Kashan district, in the north-west corner of Esfahan Province, Iran. Here, we investigate the nature of Persian influence on the lexicon of two closely-related Raji dialects: that of Abuzeydabad, a desert outpost at 947m above sea level, and Barzok, a well-watered farming community at 2080m in mountains nearby. As expected, our analysis shows many inherited similarities due to linguistic relationship among the three Iranic varieties; cases of difference and innovation that distinguish them; and profound impact of Persian on both Raji dialects. Nonetheless, the degree and patterning of convergence with Persian is uneven, with the dialect of Abuzeydabad showing greater wholesale borrowing from Persian, as well as evidence of structural hybridization. To account for the divergent effects of Persian influence, we review social and geographic dynamics in the language contact situation. Key factors such as population, distance from the nearby Persian-speaking city of Kashan, language identity, and the impact of media and education are equivalent. However, a stark contrast between the towns’ geographic settings defines their social networks and patterns of mobility, and in turn how speakers of each linguistic code respond to Persian influence.
Estrategias humanas y paleoclima en los Andes (34°S): Variaciones en la intensidad de ocupación de Laguna del Diamante (ca. 2000-500 años aP)
Authors: Yebra Lucía , Cortegoso Valeria , Marsh Erik , de Porras María Eugenia , Maldonado Antonio , Castro Silvina , Barberena Ramiro , Winocur Diego , Durán Víctor 
Published: August 2023

ResumenEl área de Laguna del Diamante (3.000 m snm) tiene una oferta de recursos atractiva para las sociedades humanas durante los últimos 2.000 años. Este trabajo evalúa la variable intensidad en la ocupación humana en Laguna del Diamante en cinco segmentos temporales entre 2030 y 440 años cal aP. Estos segmentos se modelaron a partir de 14 fechados radiocarbónicos procedentes de tres sitios; la densidad de lascas proximales se evalúa como proxy de intensidad de ocupación. Se comparan los pulsos registrados arqueológicamente con la variabilidad ambiental vinculada a aumento/disminución de temperatura y humedad, de los últimos milenios en tres lagunas: Aculeo, Chepical y del Maule (33°-35°S). A partir de diversos indicadores —cobertura vegetal, extensión/disminución de la cubierta de hielo, cambios de la precipitación relacionados al sistema de vientos del oeste y su variabilidad debido a El Niño Oscilación del Sur— se observó en casi toda la secuencia una asociación positiva entre condiciones favorables y ocupaciones intensas. Se discute el registro de dos pulsos de mayor intensidad: entre 1200 y 1280 años cal aP, asociado con aumento de temperatura de verano e intensificación de precipitaciones; y entre 450 y 500 años cal aP, vinculado con condiciones frías y coincidente con la presencia incaica en el área.
Dual administration of lipopolysaccharide induces behavioural changes in rats relevant to psychotic disorders
Authors: Zheng Yi-Ran , Tufvesson-Alm Maximilian , Trepci Ada , Imbeault Sophie , Li Xue-Qi , Schwieler Lilly , Engberg Göran , Erhardt Sophie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective:
We previously reported that dual injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice constitute a valuable tool for investigating the contribution of inflammation to psychotic disorders. The present study investigated how immune activation affects the kynurenine pathway and rat behaviour of relevance for psychotic disorders.

Methods:
Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with either dual injections of LPS (0.5 mg/kg + 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or dual injections of saline. Twenty-four hours after the second injection, behavioural tests were carried out, including locomotor activity test, fear conditioning test, spontaneous alternation Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test. In a separate batch of animals, in vivo striatal microdialysis was performed, and tryptophan, kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the dialysate were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Results:
Dual-LPS treatment decreased spontaneous locomotion, exaggerated d-amphetamine-induced locomotor activity, and impaired recognition memory in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In vivo microdialysis showed that dual-LPS treatment elicited metabolic disturbances in the kynurenine pathway with increased extracellular levels of kynurenine and KYNA in the striatum.

Conclusion:
The present study further supports the feasibility of using the dual-LPS model to investigate inflammation-related psychotic disorders and cognitive impairments.
The Parliamentary Regime: The Political Philosophy of Confederation
Authors: McKinnell Ryan Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article clarifies the intellectual origins of Canadian parliamentary government by situating Confederation within a specific strand of liberal political thought. My argument is that the Fathers of Confederation adhered to the political theory of parliamentarianism. Though liberal constitutionalists, the Fathers of Confederation expressly defended a parliamentary political framework that they considered superior to the American system of checks and balances—one characterized by a powerful elected assembly restrained by an unelected upper house, responsible ministers serving in Parliament, and a constitutional monarch. In elucidating the theory of parliamentarianism that underlies the political project of Confederation, my goal is not only to examine a problem in nineteenth-century Canadian political thought but to ground our current political situation within a larger historical perspective.
Option-Implied Dependence and Correlation Risk Premium
Authors: Bondarenko Oleg , Bernard Carole 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel model-free approach to obtain the joint risk-neutral distribution among several assets that is consistent with options on these assets and their weighted index. We implement this approach for the nine industry sectors comprising the S&P 500 index and find that their option-implied dependence is highly asymmetric and time-varying. We then study two conditional correlations: when the market moves down or up. The risk premium is strongly negative for the down correlation but positive for the up correlation. Intuitively, investors dislike the loss of diversification when markets fall, but they actually prefer high correlation when markets rally.