bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of rotavirus vaccine in reducing diarrheal episodes in infants visiting private Primary health care clinics in Karachi, Pakistan: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Karim Sehrish , Siddiqui Amna Rehana , Karim Nurose , Pradhan Nousheen Akber , Azam Iqbal , Qazi Muhammad Farrukh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background:
Globally rotavirus (RV) induced diarrhea was one of the major causes of childhood diarrhea, resulting in hospitalization and mortality prior to the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine (RVV). The estimated coverage of RVV in the year 2019 was 86% in children less than one year of age whereas the estimated diarrheal mortality was 67 deaths per 1,000 live births in Pakistan. This study aimed to determine the difference in the diarrheal episodes in children by RVV status and to identify barriers to RVV from the perspective of mothers visiting and physicians working in AKHS, P, primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in Karachi, located in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.
Methods:
A mixed-methods study design was conducted at three private PHC clinics located in three different districts of Karachi. Data for RVV status and diarrheal episodes were collected in June 2020 for children born between October 2019 to March 2020, from Health Management Information System (HMIS) and physician records respectively. In-depth Interviews (IDIs) with physicians and focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers were conducted for information on awareness and approach towards diarrhea, knowledge, and acceptance of RVV, and barriers towards RV immunization.
Results:
Four hundred and thirty children more than one month and less than nine months of age visited the three private PHC clinics in Karachi for vaccination and clinical health care from October 2019 to June 2020. By June 2020, an overall of, 79.8% (343/430) eligible infants were fully vaccinated against RVV, and 24.2% (104/430) suffered diarrheal episodes. The mean age of infants at the time of the first dose of RVV was 2.6 ± 0.2 months. Among fully vaccinated, 8.2% (28/343) children had history of diarrheal episodes, while among non/partially vaccinated, 87.4% (76/87) children had history of diarrheal episodes and it found statistically significant with a p-value < 0.001. Qualitative study results (FGDs) showed that mothers showed a lack of awareness and knowledge on the prevention of diarrhea by RVV and the harmful effects of diarrhea. Physicians’ IDIs, pointed towards a lack of sufficient trainings on RVV.
Conclusion:
Diarrheal episodes were significantly greater in partially or unvaccinated children than in fully RVV vaccinated children. Low levels of awareness and knowledge in caretakers and lack of RVV training in PHC physicians are the obstacles in controlling diarrheal diseases.
Thermal history based prediction of interlayer bond strength in parts manufactured by material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Mahmoud Youmna , Lyu Jiaqi , Akhavan Javid , Xu Ke , Manoochehri Souran 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Material extrusion additive manufacturing, also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), is currently one of the most widely used technologies. Although promising, the technology is prone to several defects including poor surface quality, low dimensional accuracy, and inadequate mechanical performance caused by weak bonds between successively deposited layers. Studies have shown that bonding between filaments forms above the material’s glass transition temperature which makes it essential to study the thermal history of the printing process. Since the interlayer bonding is thermally driven, this study has focused on the development of a regression model to predict the average interlayer bonding strength of a part using the thermal history of the printed layers and the process parameters settings. The process parameters studied are deposition temperature, print speed, and layer thickness. This study relies on using the finite element analysis (FEA) to obtain the part’s thermal history and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the bond quality by performing microstructure analysis. The average interlayer bond strength was assessed by measuring the interlayer bond widths and average weld time of all layers in a printed part. The weld time is the time that the temperature of an extruded filament stays above glass transition temperature, when reheated by an adjacent layer. This study includes experimental validation of the developed predictive models to estimate the average weld time and average bonding strength of thin wall samples.
Tumor Mutation Burden and Tumor Microenvironment as Biomarkers of Glioma Treatment Outcome and Prognosis- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Authors: Kyaruzi Victor , Md Emmanuel , Takoutsing Berjo , Abdelhammed Ahmed , Sikakulya Franck , Wekesa Emmanuel , Ngamba Ramadhani , Sabas Deodatus , Rabiel Happines , Shabhay Zarina , Mchome Laurent , Esene Ignatius , Mwakigonja Amos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Gliomas are the most common solid malignant tumors of the brain; diffuse gliomas pose a remarkable conundrum on treatment strategy. WHO Grade IV (Glioblastomas) delineate a refractory resistance to treatment even with standard combination regimen therapy of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy causing increased recurrence rate with a median survival of less than one year(1). Management of gliomas is precluded by several factors including intra and inter tumoral heterogeneity, genomic landscape and microenvironment immunosuppression ability, which spell the inflicted pathways that counteract the therapeutic interventions. This is systematic review aiming to evaluate the effect of tumor mutation burden (TMB) and Tumor microenvironment (TME) as biomarkers of treatment outcome and prognosis of gliomas.
Methods and Analysis
This systematic Review and Meta –analysis will consider the PRISMA 2020 guideline correspondence. For source of literature evidence several electronic databases including EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Semantic Scholar and Google scholar will be searched. All non-RCTs peer reviewed original research articles addressing the prognostic role of tumor mutation burden, tumor mutation pathways, microenvironment will be included, and data will be extracted using the Ms Excel Sheets. Studies with homogeneity and low risk of bias according to NOS 4–9 will constitute a Meta-analysis for evaluating the effect of TMB, Mutation pathways and Microenvironment for treatment outcome and prognosis of glioma.
Ethical Consideration and Dissemination
Ethical approval does not apply for there is no human participant involvement in this review study .The findings of this study will be disseminated at scientific conferences and the manuscript for publication will be submitted for publication to a reputable peer reviewed journal of Neurosurgery. This review was registered at PROSPERO CRD42022377829
Responses of cotton seed germination characteristics and storage substance metabolism to saline-alkali stress
Authors: Chen Ying , Liang Qi , Wu Ke , Wang XiaoYu , Zhang Hongxia , Bate Naren , Ma Yuanyuan , Tian Liwen , Luo Honghai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The inhibition of cotton seed germination by soil salinization is a key obstacle affecting cotton production in Xinjiang. The most economical and effective measures to alleviate soil salinization damage are to explore the mechanism of cotton salt tolerance and to cultivate and popularize salt-tolerant varieties. In this study, two highly saline-alkali-resistant varieties (Xinluzhong 82, Xinluzhong 68) and two sensitive varieties (Xinluzhong 42, Xinshi H12) were used as experimental materials and were exposed to CK (0 mmol·L-1), 219 mmol·L-1 and 365 mmol·L-1 mixed saline-alkali concentrations. The germination characteristics, root traits and changes in the storage material contents (crude fat, total protein, total sugar) during cotton seed germination were analyzed. The results showed that with increasing mixed saline-alkali concentrations, the relative water absorption, water absorption rate, germination rate, root length, diameter, area, and volume and total sugar content of cotton decreased by 22.7-90.1% on average, while the crude fat and protein concentrations increased by 7.6% on average. With increasing saline-alkali concentrations, the germination rate, germination index, root length, root diameter, crude fat, total protein and total sugar contents of highly saline-alkali-resistant varieties were 12.6-24.8% higher than those of sensitive varieties, but the relative water absorption of highly resistant varieties under 365 mmol·L-1 saline-alkali conditions was 9.4% lower than that of sensitive varieties. Principal component analysis showed that under the 219 mmol·L-1 treatment, there was a significant positive correlation between the germination potential, relative water absorption, total sugar content and MTG index of cotton seeds and the germination rate of the highly resistant varieties. Correlations were found between the relative salt damage and crude fat, protein and storage contents in highly resistant cotton varieties under 365 mmol·L-1 mixed saline-alkali conditions. Under saline-alkali stress, at the seed swelling stage, the highly resistant varieties exhibited reduced seed water absorption and a reduction in the hydrolysis rate of total sugar and protein in the germination process and also maintained the internal balance of seeds and improved saline-alkali resistance. In the stage in which young roots broke through the seed coat, external water absorption increased, and the root diameter changed to achieve saline-alkali resistance.
ATF4 drives the resistance of T-ALL against FGFR1 inhibitors through amino acid metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Wu Qifang , Ren Anqi , Chen Qian , Shi Jiangzhou , Li Jiapeng , Liu Xiyu , Zhang Zhijie , Tang Yuzhe , Zhao Yuan , Yao Ningning , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Changpeng , Dong Ge , Zhao Jiaxuan , Xu Meijun , Yue Yunqiang , Hu Jia , Sun Fan , Liu Yu , Ao Qilin , Zhou Fuling , Wu Hong , Zhang Tongcun , Zhu Haichuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Abnormalities of FGFR1 have been reported in multiple malignancies, which proposes FGFR1 as a potential target for precision treatment, whereas drug resistance remains a formidable obstacle simultaneously.
Methods
RNA-seq analysis, mouse tumor models, and flow cytometry were performed to identify that the FGFR1 was a potential target in T-ALL. RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, targeted metabolomics analysis, surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) assay, western blot assays, and qRT-PCR were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of FGFR1-targeting resistance. Drug screening was conducted to identify a drug combination strategy for overcoming this drug resistance.
Results
We identified that FGFR1 was observably upregulated in T-ALL and inversely correlated with the prognosis of patients. Functional studies showed that the knockdown of FGFR1 suppressed T-ALL cells growth and progression both in vitro and in vivo. Whereas the human T-ALL cells were resistant to FGFR1 inhibitors. Mechanistically, we identified that ATF4 was markedly upregulated and was a major initiator for T-ALL resistance to FGFR1 inhibitors. Expression of ATF4 was induced by FGFR1 inhibitors through enhancing chromatin accessibility transcriptionally combined with activating translation via the GCN2-eIF2α pathway. Then, ATF4 remodeled the amino acid metabolism by stimulating the expression of multiple metabolic genes, and further maintained the activation of mTORC1, which contributed to the drug resistance of malignancies. Moreover, targeting FGFR1 and mTOR exhibited synergistically antileukemic efficacy.
Conclusion
These findings revealed that FGFR1 was a potential therapeutic target in T-ALL, whereas ATF4-induced amino acid metabolic reprogramming mediated the FGFR1-targeted resistance. Synergistically targeting FGFR1 and mTOR could overcome this obstacle in T-ALL therapy.
Can contrast-enhanced ultrasound differentiate the subtype of hepatic echinococcosis: cystic echinococcosis or alveolar echinococcosis?
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Suolang Lamu , Ren Yelei , Wang Yifei , Jiang Yong , Zhong Xiaofei , Gou Zehui , Zhou Wu , Chen Juan , Li Yongzhong , Cai Diming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

Hepatic echinococcosis (HE) is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus, and Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis are the most common, causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) respectively. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a new imaging technique which has been recommended for identifying focal lesions in the liver. However, the effect of CEUS on the differentiation of hepatic echinococcosis subtype remains unclear.

Methods

Twenty-five patients with 46 HE lesions confirmed by histopathology in our Hospital from December 2019 to May 2022 were reviewed by conventional ultrasound (CUS) and CEUS examinations respectively. The images and clips of the lesions by CUS and CEUS were reviewed retrospectively. The lesions by CUS were evaluated including the location, size, morphology, margin, internal echogenicity and the internal Dopper’s signal. The lesions by CEUS were evaluated including the enhancement degree, enhancement pattern and enhancing boundary in different phases. The diagnoses of lesions by CUS or CEUS were recorded respectively. By taking the histopathology as the gold standard, the paired X2 test was performed with statistical software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL) and the results of differentiation of the subtype of HE by CUS and CEUS were statistically analyzed.

Results

A total of 46 lesions were involved in 25 patients, including 10 males (40.0%) and 15 females (60.0%) with aged 15 to 55 (42.9 ± 10.3) years. By histopathology, 9 patients with 24 lesions were diagnosed as CE and 16 patients with 22 lesions were diagnosed as AE. Among the 46 lesions of HE, compared with histopathological examination, the accuracy rate was 65.2% and 91.3% in CUS and CEUS findings respectively. Among the 24 CE lesions, 13 lesions were correctly differentiated by CUS, while 23 by CEUS. The difference between CUS and CEUS was statistically significant (Chi-square test, X2 = 8.10, df = 23, P < 0.005). Among the total 46 HE lesions, 30 lesions were correctly differentiated by CUS, while 42 by CEUS. The difference between CUS and CEUS was statistically significant (Chi-square test, X2 = 10.08, df = 45, P < 0.005).

Conclusions

CEUS is a more valid technique that can differentiate the subtype of HE from CE or AE than CUS. It could be a reliable tool in the differentiation of HE.
FGF10 Protects aganist Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through AMPK/mTOR/TFEB Pathway
Authors: Zhu Yu , Hu Zhicheng , Chen Gen , Hu Zhenyu , Zhu Junjie , Ma Hongfang , He Shengqu , Xu Xiejun , Huang Zhiyuan , Dong Yonggan , Guan Xueqiang , Wang Xu , Wang Yang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a common clinic scenario that occurs in the context of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Recent studies indicated impaired autophagic flux contributes to MIRI-induced cardiomyocytes (CMs) apoptosis. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), a multifunctional FGF family member, was reported to exert protective effect against renal and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Whether FGF10 has similar beneficial effect, and if so whether autophagy is associated with the potential protective activity against MIRI has not been investigated. Herein, we investigated FGF10 was up-regulated in mice with MIRI and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. During MIRI, FGF10 treatment decreased infarct size and improved cardiac function. Mechanically, FGF10 attenuated MIRI-induced apoptosis of CMs and impairment of autophagic flux was mainly through the AMPK/mTOR/TFEB pathway. Therefore, FGF10 may have the potential to be used for the prevention and treatment of MIRI.
A single motor-driven continuum robot that can be designed to deform into a complex shape with curvature distribution
Authors: Yoshikawa Daiki , Shimizu Masahiro , Umedachi Takuya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a method to deform a continuum robot into a complex shape with distributed curvature using a single motor drive. This continuum robot can be deformed to a desired shape by placing tendon guides at appropriate intervals. We used several target shapes, including clothoid and sin curves, as well as a circular curve of constant curvature and confirmed that the deformed shapes match them both in the simulation and prototype. This paper proposes two models of continuum robots. One is the Plain Model in which the tendons are parallel to the rod and the Penetration Model in which the tendon penetrates to the rod. By placing the penetrating position(s), this continuum robot can be deformed into a shape with inflection point(s). We designed a mathematical model to simulate the deformed shape of the prototype to obtain the proper placement of the guides and penetration point(s). Through the optimization, it was able to find the parameters that, in most cases, result in the error of less than 4% between the target and deformed shapes. We applied these conditions to the prototype and evaluated the errors, which were approximately 10%, the same as the related works that use a conventional constant curvature model. We think that the results of this paper can be applied to reduce the number of actuators required and the size and weight of continuum or biomimetic robots.
Bonding of PMMA to Silicon by Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Capodacqua Filippo Maria Conte , Volpe Annalisa , Gaudiuso Caterina , Ancona Antonio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many devices and objects, from microelectronics to microfluidics, consist of parts made from dissimilar materials, such as different polymers, metals or semiconductors. Techniques for joining such hybrid micro-devices, generally, are based on gluing or thermal processes, which all present some drawbacks. For example, these methods are unable to control the size and shape of the bonded area, and present risks of deterioration and contamination of the substrates. Ultrashort laser bonding is a non-contact and flexible technique to precisely join similar and dissimilar materials, used both for joining polymers, and polymers to metallic substrates, but not yet for joining polymers to silicon. We report on direct transmission femtosecond laser bonding of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silicon. The laser process was performed by focusing ultrashort laser pulses at high repetition rate at the interface between the two materials through the PMMA upper layer. The PMMA-Si bond strength was evaluated as a function of different laser processing parameters. A simple, analytical, model was set up and used to determine the temperature of the PMMA during the bonding process. As a proof of concept, the fs-laser bonding of a simple hybrid PMMA-Si microfluidic device has been successfully demonstrated through dynamic leakage tests.
Brazilian Amazon Indigenous Territories under deforestation pressure
Authors: Silva-Junior Celso , Silva Fabrício , Arisi Barbara , Mataveli Guilherme , Pessôa Ana , Carvalho Nathália , Reis João , Júnior Admo Silva , Motta Nathalia , Silva Paulo , Ribeiro Francarlos , Siqueira-Gay Juliana , Alencar Ane , Saatchi Sassan , Aragão Luiz , Anderson Liana , Melo Maycon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Studies showed that Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories (Its) are efficient models for preserving forests by reducing deforestation, fires, and related carbon emissions. Here, we used official remote sensing datasets to analyze deforestation inside and outside indigenous territories within Brazil's Amazon biome in the 2013-2021 period. We found that deforestation has increased by 129% inside ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas. In the 2019-2021 period, deforestation was 195% higher and 30% further from the borders towards the interior of indigenous territories than in previous years (2013-2018). Furthermore, about 59% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within ITs in the 2013-2021 period (96 million tons) occurred in the last three years of analyzed years, revealing the magnitude of increasing deforestation to climate impacts. Therefore, curbing deforestation in indigenous territories must be a priority for the Brazilian government to secure these peoples' land rights, ensure the forests' protection and regulate the global climate.
Thermodynamic Response Functions and Stokes-Einstein Breakdown in Superheated Water under Gigapascal Pressure
Authors: Dueby Shivam , Maiti Archita , Dubey Vikas , Galamba Nuno , Daschakraborty Snehasis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Liquid water is the most intriguing liquid in nature, both because of its importance to every known form of life, and its numerous anomalous properties, largely magnified under supercooled conditions. Among the anomalous properties of water is the seeming divergence of the thermodynamic response functions and dynamic properties below the homogenous nucleation temperature (~232 K). Furthermore, water exhibits an increasingly decoupling of the viscosity and diffusion, upon cooling, resulting in the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relationship (SER). At high temperatures and pressures, however, water behaves more like a “simple” liquid. Nonetheless, experiments at 400 K and GPa pressures (Bove et al. (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett., 111:185901) showed that although the diffusion decreases monotonically with the pressure, opposite to pressurized supercooled water, a decoupling of the viscosity and diffusion, larger than that found in supercooled water at normal pressure, is observed. Here, we studied the thermodynamic response functions and breakdown of the SER along the 400 K isotherm up to 3 GPa, through molecular dynamics. Seven water models were investigated. A monotonic increase of the density (~50 %) and decrease of the isothermal compressibility (~90 %) and thermal expansion (~65 %) is found. Our results also show that compressed hot water has various resemblances to cool water at normal pressure, with pressure inducing the formation of a new second coordination sphere and a monotonic decrease of the diffusion and viscosity coefficients. Whereas all water models provide a good account of the viscosity, the magnitude of the violation of the SER at high pressures (> ~1 GPa) is significantly smaller than that found through experiments. Thus, violation of the SER in simulations is comparable to that observed for liquid supercooled water, indicating possible limitations of the water models to account for the local structure and self-diffusion of superheated water above ~1 GPa.
Pcz1 regulates growth, conidiation, conidial germination, and production of penicillin in the filamentous fungus Penicillium rubens (formerly Penicillium chrysogenum)
Authors: Gil-Durán Carlos , Palma Diego , Marcano Yudethzi , Levicán Gloria , Vaca Inmaculada , Chávez Renato 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Penicillium rubens, formerly Pencillium chrysogenum, is a filamentous fungus of biotechnological importance because it is one of the main producers of the antibiotic penicillin. However, despite its importance, the regulation of biological processes in this fungus is far from being understood. In fungi, one of the most interesting regulators are zinc finger proteins containing a Zn(II)2Cys6 domain. The genes that encode for these kinds of proteins are found almost exclusively in fungi. The P. rubens genome contains many genes encoding proteins with Zn(II)2Cys6 domains, but only two of them have been studied so far. In this work, we have used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to inactivate the pcz1 gene in P. rubens, which encodes a Zn(II)2Cys6 protein. Inactivation of pcz1 decreases the production of penicillin in P. rubens. In addition, the inactivation of pcz1 decreased growth and conidiation in the fungus but increased conidial germination. Overall, our results suggest that pcz1 would be a positive regulator of penicillin production, growth and conidiation, but it would act as repressor of conidial germination in P. rubens.