bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of two nonlethal methods for the study of the gut bacterial communities in wild lizards
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ Mauricio , ANCONA Sergio , HEREIRA‐PACHECO Stephanie , DÍAZ DE LA VEGA‐PÉREZ Aníbal H. , NAVARRO‐NOYA Yendi E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFecal samples or cloacal swabs are preferred over lethal dissections to study vertebrate gut microbiota for ethical reasons, but it remains unclear which nonlethal methods provide more accurate information about gut microbiota. We compared the bacterial communities of three gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments, that is, stomach, small intestine (midgut), and rectum (hindgut) with the bacterial communities of the cloaca and feces in the mesquite lizard Sceloporus grammicus. The hindgut had the highest taxonomic and functional alpha diversity, followed by midgut and feces, whereas the stomach and cloaca showed the lowest diversities. The taxonomic assemblages of the GIT segments at the phylum level were strongly correlated with those retrieved from feces and cloacal swabs (rs > 0.84 in all cases). The turnover ratio of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) between midgut and hindgut and the feces was lower than the ratio between these segments and the cloaca. More than half of the core‐ASVs in the midgut (24 of 32) and hindgut (58 of 97) were also found in feces, while less than 5 were found in the cloaca. At the ASVs level, however, the structure of the bacterial communities of the midgut and hindgut were similar to those detected in feces and cloaca. Our findings suggest that fecal samples and cloacal swabs of spiny lizards provide a good approximation of the taxonomic assemblages and beta diversity of midgut and hindgut microbiota, while feces better represent the bacterial communities of the intestinal segments at a single nucleotide variation level than cloacal swabs.
A new diagnostic method for retinal breaks in patients with posterior vitreous detachment: Ultra‐wide‐field imaging with the Zeiss Clarus 700
Authors: Karatepe Hashas Arzu Seyhan , Popovic Zoran , Abu‐Ishkheidem Emad , Bond‐Taylor Martin , Svedberg Karin , Jarar Dana , Zetterberg Madeleine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study was performed with the aim of finding a more convenient and less time‐consuming method to diagnose retinal breaks in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) patients.MethodsA prospective double‐blind observational case study was performed with patients who were admitted to the Eye Emergency Department Sahlgrenska University Hospital with PVD symptoms and approved to participate in the study (n = 128). Standard slit lamp examination was compared with images from a Zeiss Clarus 700 ultra‐wide‐field camera (UWFC). Patients were examined and photographed by an independent operator. Data and image review was performed by three independent reviewers with varying experience. Retinal break detection with the two different methods (detailed eye examination by well‐trained ophthalmologist and UWFC evaluations) was analysed statistically.ResultsAfter excluding diagnoses other than PVD as well as unclear images due to cataracts, vitreous bleeding, etc., a total of 103 eyes with PVD were evaluated. A total of 38 ruptures in 25 patients were detected by routine examination and were subjected to laser treatment. UWFC images were reviewed by three ophthalmology consultants and compared with routine examinations. Sensitivity values in detecting retinal ruptures in UWFC images of the three reviewers were 0.89, 0.87 and 0.79, and specificity values were 0.88, 0.86 and 0.93 (kappa values: 0.742, 0.689 and 0.728) respectively.ConclusionAlthough there have been rapid developments in imaging with UWFC in recent years and it is a very promising method for the future, routine clinical examination is still the only valid method for the detection of retinal tears today.
Outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials for mixed and non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy: Systematic review
Authors: Bel Imam Manal , Stikas Charalampos‐Vlasios , Guha Payal , Chawes Bo L. , Chu Derek , Greenhawt Matthew , Khaleva Ekaterina , Munblit Daniel , Nekliudov Nikita , van de Veen Willem , Schoos Ann‐Marie M. ,   Core Outcome Measures for Food Allergy (COMFA) consortium
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMixed and non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy is a subset of immune‐mediated adverse food reactions that can impose a major burden on the quality of life of affected patients and their families. Clinical trials to study these diseases are reliant upon consistent and valid outcome measures that are relevant to both patients and clinicians, but the degree to which such stringent outcome reporting takes place is poorly studied.ObjectiveAs part of the Core Outcome Measures for Food Allergy (COMFA) project, we identified outcomes reported in randomized clinical trials (RCT) of treatments for mixed or non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy.DesignIn this systematic review, we searched the Ovid, MEDLINE and Embase databases for RCTs in children or adults investigating treatments for food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome, food protein‐induced allergic proctocolitis, food protein‐induced enteropathy and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders including eosinophilic esophagitis [EoE], eosinophilic gastritis and eosinophilic colitis published until 14 October 2022.ResultsTwenty‐six eligible studies were identified, with 23 focused on EoE (88%). Most interventions were corticosteroids or monoclonal antibodies. All EoE studies assessed patient‐reported dysphagia, usually using a non‐validated questionnaire. Twenty‐two of 23 EoE studies used peak tissue eosinophil count as the primary outcome, usually using a non‐validated assessment method, and other immunological markers were only exploratory. Thirteen (57%) EoE studies reported endoscopic outcomes of which six used a validated scoring tool recently recommended as a core outcome for EoE trials. Funding source was not obviously associated with likelihood of an RCT reporting mechanistic versus patient‐reported outcomes. Only 3 (12%) RCTs concerned forms of food allergy other than EoE, and they reported on fecal immunological markers and patient‐reported outcomes.ConclusionsOutcomes measured in clinical trials of EoE and non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy are heterogeneous and largely non‐validated. Core outcomes for EoE have been developed and need to be used in future trials. For other forms of mixed or non‐IgE‐mediated food allergies, core outcome development is needed to support the development of effective treatments.Systematic review registrationOSF public registry DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/AZX8S
Neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology in Alzheimer's disease: The role of T‐lymphocytes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chihara Norio , Tsuji Asato , Matsumoto Riki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, with the number of patients with AD expected to double in the next quarter‐century. Brain deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau proteins is a necessary but insufficient condition for AD pathogenesis. There is also growing evidence to suggest that chronic neuroinflammation due to excessive microglial activation and astrocyte dysfunction exacerbates the pathophysiology of AD, but the factors that disrupt these homeostatic processes remain unclear. Research into AD pathophysiology has shown interest in the changes in adaptive T‐cells, which play a pivotal role in immunity. The immune alterations in the peripheral circulation and increased blood–brain‐barrier permeability observed in patients with AD, even in the initial stages of the disease, require investigation of the immune mechanisms resulting from T‐cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) during disease initiation and exacerbation. Since T‐cells play a two‐faceted role in the CNS immune response, including pathogenic and neuroprotective roles, the role of T‐cells in AD has been debated. Memory T‐cells reside in the brain and communicate with glial cells and neurons. In this review, the role of immune responses in AD is discussed, focusing on the contribution of T‐cells.
Multiple ventricular septal defects associated to anomalous venous returns, mitral valve disease, myocardium hypertrophy, and right outflow obstruction: a multimodality imaging assessment
Authors: Farruggio Silvia , Caruso Elio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report a rare congenital heart disease characterized by multiple ventricular septal defects associated to anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous returns, marked apical myocardial hypertrophy of both ventricles and of right outflow, and hypoplastic mitral anulus. Multimodality imaging is mandatory to assess anatomical details.
Orbital myositis induced by alendronate: A case report
Authors: Lefeuvre Lucie , Caruso Anna , Biver Emmanuel , Fayolle Damien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeBisphosphonates are widely used, notably for osteoporosis treatment. Their common side effects are well known. However, they can trigger less common effects such as orbital inflammation. Here, the case is reported of an orbital myositis triggered by alendronate.MethodsThis is a case report at an academic medical center. An orbital magnetic resonance imaging scan, a thoraco‐abdominal computed tomography scan and blood sample analyses were performed.ResultsA 66‐year‐old woman treated by alendronate for her osteoporosis was investigated. She developed an orbital myositis after the first intake. Neurological examination revealed a painful diplopia with decreased downward and adduction movements of the right eye and edema of the upper eyelid. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed an orbital myositis of the right eye. No other cause of orbital myositis was found than the alendronate intake. After alendronate arrest and a short course of prednisone, the symptoms resolved.ConclusionThis case highlights that alendronate can cause an orbital myositis whose early diagnosis is of major importance because it is a treatable side effect.
Notes on the foraging habits of adult Protohermes dobsonflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae): Further evidence for anthophilous megalopterans
Authors: Sugiura Naoto , Shikata Kei‐ichiro , Miyazaki Satoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs in other megalopterans, the life of adult dobsonflies in the natural habitats remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the foraging habits of the nocturnal dobsonflies Protohermes grandis and Protohermes immaculatus. Our field observations from a close distance revealed that adult P. grandis feeds on the floral nectar of the Japanese chestnut Castanea crenata (Fagaceae). Moreover, based on strong circumstantial evidence (the finding of a dozen pollen‐bearing adults and their pollen‐containing excrement), we concluded that adult P. immaculatus routinely visit the flowers of Schima wallichii ssp. noronhae (Theaceae). The present study is the first one to document floral resource utilization by adult dobsonflies in their natural habitats, and provides further evidence for anthophilous corydalids. We have briefly discussed why the flower‐visiting habits of corydalids have been missed so far.
Integrating healthy marriage and relationship education into an employment program
Authors: Gross Max , Goesling Brian , Lugo‐Gil Julieta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to assess if integrating healthy marriage and relationship education (HMRE) into an employment program for young adults could improve their relationship and employment outcomes.BackgroundMany HMRE programs offer economic stability services, yet this approach often does not consider that HMRE participants have different employment needs. There is little evidence on the alternative approach of adding HMRE to an employment program.MethodWe conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 908 participants seeking employment services. We randomly assigned them to (a) an intervention group offered an integrated HMRE and employment program or (b) a control group offered an employment program without HMRE. We measured outcomes 1 year later with survey and administrative data.ResultsThe integrated program reached participants for whom both employment services and HMRE had relevance. However, program attendance was irregular, and participants in both research groups had similar outcomes after 1 year.ConclusionIntegrating HMRE into an employment program is feasible but supporting regular attendance and meeting the needs of job seekers can be challenging.ImplicationsResults suggest the need for new approaches to meeting the employment needs and supporting the economic stability of HMRE participants with low incomes. Results also contribute to emerging evidence on how a person's life circumstances might moderate the impacts of HMRE programming.
Fatigue behavior of unidirectional fiber‐reinforced pultruded composites with high volume fiber fraction
Authors: Alajarmeh Omar , Manalo Allan , Ferdous Wahid , Almasabha Ghassan , Tarawneh Ahmad , Awwad Khaled Eayal , Safonov Alexander , Zeng Xuesen , Schubel Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPultrusion is a high‐volume manufacturing process for fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites ensuring high strength and quality products. However, research studies are very limited on the fatigue behavior of these products, especially with unidirectional fiber alignment. This study investigates the fatigue behavior of the unidirectional pultruded glass FRP (GFRP) composites with high fiber volume fraction (
). Tension–tension fatigue loading was applied with different levels of applied stress, frequency, and gripping condition until failure. Results showed that the high
composites have significantly low fatigue life cycle. Moreover, increasing the frequency showed better fatigue resistance, while the tabs geometry has insignificant effect on the fatigue behavior of the dog‐bone shaped specimens. Comparison with available literature showed that GFRP composites with high
have lower fatigue performance than those with low
. A fatigue capacity reduction factor is also proposed for unidirectional GFRP composites as a function of the
.
My first Little Black Dress: A Muslim immigrant woman academic's reflection on entanglement of esthetic labor and emotional labor at a White dinner
Authors: Faiz Rafia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article is about personal reflections of an immigrant, Muslim, Pakistani, middle class, minority woman working in a business school in Canada who receives an invitation to a White dinner. She writes of experiencing emotional labor and esthetic labor; tensions based on gender, religion, class, age, and culture; skepticism against belonging and otherness—and the space in between; along with her consciousness of being under the disciplinary gaze of her own community members. She feels suspended between strength and vulnerability, resorting to reflective writing for sense‐making.
ICSH guidance for INR and D‐dimer testing using point of care testing in primary care
Authors: Fitzmaurice David A. , Geersing Geert‐Jan , Armoiry Xavier , Machin Sam , Kitchen Steve , Mackie Ian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis guideline has been written on behalf of the International Council for Standardisation in Haematology (ICSH) and focuses on two point of care haematology tests used within primary care, namely International Normalised Ratio (INR) and D‐dimer. Primary care covers out of hospital settings and can include General Practice (GP), Pharmacy and other non‐hospital settings (although these guidelines would also be applicable to hospital out‐patient settings). The recommendations are based on published data in peer reviewed literature and expert opinion; they should supplement regional requirements, regulations or standards.
Long‐term outcomes of corticosteroid graft versus host disease prophylaxis in peripheral blood allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant: a comparative cohort analysis
Authors: Blennerhassett Richard , Othman Jad , Biscoe Amber , Kliman David , Mills Georgia , Blyth Emily , Micklethwaite Kenneth , Kwan John , Bilmon Ian , Bhattacharyya Abir , Panicker Shyam , Fay Keith , Milliken Sam , Ma David , Hamad Nada , Stevenson William , Arthur Chris , Moore John , Greenwood Matthew , Gottlieb David , Kerridge Ian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCorticosteroids (CSs) have previously been incorporated into graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimens for bone marrow (BM) and haemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).AimsTo assess the impact of prophylactic CS in HSCT using peripheral blood (PB) stem cells.MethodsPatients were identified from three HSCT centres receiving a first PB‐HSCT between January 2011 and December 2015 from a fully human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched sibling or unrelated donor for acute myeloid leukaemia or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. To enable meaningful comparison, patients were divided into two cohorts.ResultsCohort 1 included only myeloablative‐matched sibling HSCT, where the only variation in GVHD prophylaxis was the addition of CS. In these 48 patients, there were no differences in GVHD, relapse, non‐relapse mortality, overall survival or GVHD‐relapse‐free‐survival (GRFS) at 4 years after transplant. Cohort 2 included the remaining HSCT recipients, where one group received CS‐prophylaxis and the non‐CS group received an antimetabolite, ciclosporin and anti‐T‐lymphocyte globulin. In these 147 patients, those receiving CS‐prophylaxis experienced higher rates of chronic GVHD (71% vs 18.1%, P < 0.001) and lower rates of relapse (14.9% vs 33.9%, P = 0.02). Those receiving CS‐prophylaxis had a lower 4‐year GRFS (15.7% vs 40.3%, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThere does not appear to be a role for adding CS to standard GVHD prophylaxis regimens in PB‐HSCT.
Practitioner Review: Common elements in treatments for youth suicide attempts and self‐harm – a practitioner review based on review of treatment elements associated with intervention benefits
Authors: Meza Jocelyn I. , Zullo Lucas , Vargas Sylvanna M. , Ougrin Dennis , Asarnow Joan R. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAdopting a common elements approach, this practitioner review aims to highlight specific treatment elements that are common to interventions with demonstrated benefits in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for reducing suicide attempts and self‐harm in youth. Identification of common treatment elements among effective interventions offers a key strategy for clarifying the most robust features of effective interventions and improving our ability to implement effective treatment and decrease the lag between scientific advances and clinical care.MethodsA systematic search of RCTs evaluating interventions targeting suicide/self‐harm in youth (ages 12–18) yielded a total of 18 RCTs assessing 16 different manualized interventions. An open coding process was used to identify common elements present within each intervention trial. Twenty‐seven common elements were identified and classified into format, process, and content categories. All trials were coded for the inclusion of these common elements by two independent raters. RCTs were also classified into those where trial results supported improvements in suicide/self‐harm behavior (n = 11 supported trials) and those without supported evidence (n = 7 unsupported trials).ResultsCompared with unsupported trials, the 11 supported trials shared the following elements: (a) inclusion of therapy for both the youth and family/caregivers; (b) an emphasis on relationship‐building and the therapeutic alliance; (c) utilization of an individualized case conceptualization to guide treatment; (d) provided skills training (e.g. emotion regulation skills) to both youth and their parents/caregivers; and (e) lethal means restriction counseling as part of self‐harm monitoring and safety planning.ConclusionsThis review highlights key treatment elements associated with efficacy that community practitioners can incorporate in their treatments for youth presenting with suicide/self‐harm behaviors.
Telephone follow‐up contributes to improving adherence and treatment duration in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib
Authors: Tsumura Sayo , Shimose Shigeo , Niizeki Takashi , Kuboyama Eri , Iwamoto Hideki , Tanaka Masatoshi , Moriyama Etusko , Shirono Tomotake , Takaki Kota , Noda Yu , Nakano Masahito , Inoue Mitsutoshi , Tsustumi Kazuki , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Koga Hironori , Higuchi Kyoko , Kawaguchi Takumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to investigate whether telephone follow‐up by clinical pharmacists for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with lenvatinib (LEN) contributes to improved adherence and treatment duration for LEN.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 132 patients with HCC who were treated with LEN. The patients were classified into non‐telephone follow‐up (n = 32) or telephone follow‐up groups (n = 100) [the latter group was further classified into family‐pharmacist (FP) telephone follow‐up (n = 18), or hospital family‐pharmacist (HFP) telephone follow‐up (n = 82) groups].ResultsThe progression‐free survival (PFS) in the telephone follow‐up group was significantly higher than that in the non‐telephone follow‐up group (PFS 6.1 months vs 3.7 months, P = 0.001, respectively). Although treatment duration was significantly longer in the telephone follow‐up group than in the non‐telephone follow‐up group [median treatment duration: 10.4 months vs 4.1 months, P = 0.001, respectively.], no significant differences were noted between the HFP telephone follow‐up group and FP telephone follow‐up groups (10.3 months vs 13.3 months, P = 0.543). Self‐interruption and adverse‐event discontinuation in the HFP‐telephone follow‐up group were significantly lower than those in the FP‐telephone and non‐telephone groups (0% vs 11.1% vs 18.8%; P < 0.001, 25.6% vs 33.3% vs 53.1%; P = 0.022, respectively).ConclusionsTelephone follow‐up contributes to prolonged treatment duration for LEN in patients with HCC treated. Moreover, telephone follow‐up with an HFP may further improve treatment adherence.
Training support workers about the overmedication of people with intellectual disabilities: an Australian pre–post pilot study
Authors: Wilson N. J. , Barratt M. , Jorgensen M. , Limbu B. , Donley M. , Buchholtz M. , Smith V. , Deb S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence that psychotropic medications are overprescribed and overused to manage behaviours of concern for people with intellectual disabilities. Disability support workers and support staff lack education and training on the administration and safety of psychotropic medication use. This study aimed to test the applicability and preliminary efficacy of SPECTROM, an education programme developed in the UK, in an Australian context.MethodsThe training comprises two parts: Module 1 encompasses psychotropic medications, their use and side effects. Module 2 focuses on non‐pharmacological interventions for supporting people with behaviours of concern. Thirty‐three participants attended the training course and completed pre‐training and post‐training surveys on the Psychotropic Knowledge Questionnaire and Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale‐Revised at four time points: pre‐training, 2 weeks, 3 months and 5 months post‐training.ResultsPsychotropic Knowledge Questionnaire scores showed statistically significant post‐training improvement at all post‐training time points (P < 0.05). Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale‐Revised scores were high at pre‐training and did not change significantly at any of the post‐training survey time points. A 2‐week post‐training feedback questionnaire reported 80% agreement that the training programme was appropriate, useful and valid. Only 36% of participants completed questionnaires at all time points.ConclusionsSPECTROM training increased staff knowledge of psychotropic medications, yet loss of participants was high. Further refinement of the applicability of the training for the Australian context and evaluation of the feasibility of implementation, clinical and cost‐effectiveness of the programme are required.