bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Networks of microstructural damage predict disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Colato Elisa , Prados Ferran , Stutters Jonathan , Bianchi Alessia , Narayanan Sridar , Arnold Douglas L , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia , Barkhof Frederik , Ciccarelli Olga , Chard Declan T , Eshaghi Arman 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundNetwork-based measures are emerging MRI markers in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to identify networks of white (WM) and grey matter (GM) damage that predict disability progression and cognitive worsening using data-driven methods.MethodsWe analysed data from 1836 participants with different MS phenotypes (843 in a discovery cohort and 842 in a replication cohort). We calculated standardised T1-weighted/T2-weighted (sT1w/T2w) ratio maps in brain GM and WM, and applied spatial independent component analysis to identify networks of covarying microstructural damage. Clinical outcomes were Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening confirmed at 24 weeks (24-week confirmed disability progression (CDP)) and time to cognitive worsening assessed by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate predictive value of network measures.ResultsWe identified 8 WM and 7 GM sT1w/T2w networks (of regional covariation in sT1w/T2w measures) in both cohorts. Network loading represents the degree of covariation in regional T1/T2 ratio within a given network. The loading factor in the anterior corona radiata and temporo-parieto-frontal components were associated with higher risks of developing CDP both in the discovery (HR=0.85, p<0.05 and HR=0.83, p<0.05, respectively) and replication cohorts (HR=0.84, p<0.05 and HR=0.80, p<0.005, respectively). The decreasing or increasing loading factor in the arcuate fasciculus, corpus callosum, deep GM, cortico-cerebellar patterns and lesion load were associated with a higher risk of developing SDMT worsening both in the discovery (HR=0.82, p<0.01; HR=0.87, p<0.05; HR=0.75, p<0.001; HR=0.86, p<0.05 and HR=1.27, p<0.0001) and replication cohorts (HR=0.82, p<0.005; HR=0.73, p<0.0001; HR=0.80, p<0.005; HR=0.85, p<0.01 and HR=1.26, p<0.0001).ConclusionsGM and WM networks of microstructural changes predict disability and cognitive worsening in MS. Our approach may be used to identify patients at greater risk of disability worsening and stratify cohorts in treatment trials.
Trends in cross-border and illicit tobacco purchases among people who smoke in England, 2019–2022
Authors: Jackson Sarah E , Cox Sharon , Brown Jamie 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
The last 5 years have seen substantial changes in England’s social and economic landscape as a result of Brexit, the COVID-19 pandemic and cost of living crisis. We aimed to examine changes in cross-border and illicit tobacco purchasing over this period.

Design
Nationally representative monthly cross-sectional survey.

Setting
England, 2019–2022.

Participants
11 232 adults (≥18 years) who smoked in the past year.

Main outcome measures
We estimated time trends in the proportion reporting purchasing tobacco from (1) cross-border and (2) illicit sources in the past 6 months.

Results

Between February 2019 and October 2022, there was a non-linear increase in the proportion of participants reporting cross-border tobacco purchases (from 5.2% to 16.1% overall; prevalence ratio (PR)=3.10, 95% CI 2.03–4.73). Prevalence first increased from 5.2% to 15.4% between February 2019 and April 2020, before falling to 7.8% between April 2020 and September 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, and then increasing again to 16.1% by the end of the period. Changes in cross-border tobacco purchasing were more pronounced among participants from more advantaged (from 6.6% to 23.3%; PR=3.52, 95% CI 2.05–5.91) compared with less advantaged (4.4% to 11.5%; PR=2.61, 95% CI 1.17–5.20) social grades (p
interaction
=0.034). There was no overall change in the proportion reporting illicit tobacco purchases (from 9.2% to 8.5%; PR=0.92, 95% CI 0.70–1.21), nor any significant difference in trends by social grade (p
interaction
=0.783).

Conclusions
Despite a fall in cross-border tobacco purchasing during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in England who smoke, the proportion reporting cross-border tobacco purchases is now three times higher than it was at the start of 2019. The proportion reporting illicit tobacco purchases has not changed substantially.
Supplementary Figure S14 from LNS8801 inhibits Acute Myeloid Leukemia by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
Authors: Lee Inyoung , Doepner Miriam , Weissenrieder Jillian S , Majer Ariana D , Mercado Sophia , Estell Angela , Natale Christopher A , Sung Pamela J , Foskett J. Kevin , Carroll Martin , Ridky Todd W 
Published: July 2023

<p>LNS8801 does not inhibit AML in systemic in vivo model (A) Proliferation assay of luciferase-expressing MV4-11 (MV4-11-Luc) cells. Cells were incubated for 72 hours and were counted with trypan blue dye. 5 replicates were used for experiment. P-values were calculated via pairwise t-tests (*p=<0.05, **p=<0.01, ***p=<0.001, ****p=<0.0001). (B) Systemic in vivo experiment done with MV4-11-Luc. Male NSG mice were used for the experiment. Mice were treated with vehicle or LNS8801 daily through oral gavage. 3 animals were used per condition.</p>
Stroke Characteristics in a Cohort of Hmong American Patients
Authors: Hussein Haitham M. , Kashyap Bhavani , O'Keefe Lauren , Droegemueller Carol , Othman Sally I. , Yang Mai Kau , Hanson Leah R. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Prior studies have indicated high rates of vascular risk factors, but little is known about stroke in Hmong.

Methods and Results

The institutional Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) database was used to identify patients discharged with acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2010 and 2019. Hmong patients were identified using clan names and primary language. Univariate analysis was used to compare Hmong and White patients. A subarachnoid hemorrhage comparison was not conducted because of the small sample size. We identified 128 Hmong patients and 3084 White patients. Hmong patients had more prevalent hemorrhagic stroke (31% versus 15%;
P
<0.0016). In the acute ischemic stroke cohort, compared with White patients, Hmong patients were younger (60±13 versus 71±15 years;
P
<0.0001), presented to the emergency department almost 4 hours later; and had a lower thrombolysis usage rate (6% versus 14%;
P
=0.03496), worse lipid profile, higher hemoglobin A
1C
, similar stroke severity, and less frequent discharge to rehabilitation facilities. The most common ischemic stroke mechanism for Hmong patients was small‐vessel disease. In the intracerebral hemorrhage cohort, Hmong patients were younger (55±13 versus 70±15 years;
P
<0.0001), had higher blood pressure, and had a lower rate of independent ambulation on discharge (9% versus 30%;
P
=0.0041).

Conclusions
Hmong patients with stroke were younger and had poorer risk factor control compared with White patients. There was a significant delay in emergency department arrival and low use of acute therapies among the Hmong acute ischemic stroke cohort. Larger studies are needed to confirm these observations, but action is urgently needed to close gaps in primary care and stroke health literacy.
How does policy attention affect e-government performance? The role of resource allocation and public–private collaboration
Authors: Pan Taiting , Fan Bo 
Published: July 2023

Although governments are continually investing in e-government construction, differences in e-government performance exist. This study aims to examine how policy attention affects e-government performance through the mediating effect of resource allocation and the moderating effect of public–private collaboration. Analysis of panel data from 333 prefectural governments in China confirms that policy attention can increase e-government performance, but the effect size decreases under the mediating role of financial and human resources. Furthermore, higher public–private collaboration weakens the positive effect of government resources on e-government performance and policy attention on e-government performance. Points for practitioners This article can help practitioners recognize the importance of policy attention in guiding e-government implementation by verifying policy attention–resource allocation–e-government performance association. Moreover, this study also provides some suggestions for practitioners seeking to collaborate with private organizations by confirming the negative role of public–private collaboration between government resources and e-government performance.
Vegan and vegetarian males and females have higher orthorexic traits than omnivores, and are motivated in their food choice by factors including ethics and weight control
Authors: Reynolds Rebecca , McGowan Andrea , Smith Sophie , Rawstorne Patrick 
Published: July 2023

Background Evidence associating plant-based diets with the proposed ‘obsessively healthy eating’ eating disorder, orthorexia nervosa, has mostly focused on females. Diet motivations have seldom been assessed. Aim To compare orthorexic tendencies between vegans/vegetarians and omnivores of both sexes, and reasons behind food choice with an English-validated Food Choice Questionnaire. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 444 males and females were recruited via social media, email, and Amazon MTurk; to investigate eating patterns, orthorexic tendencies using the ORTO-15 questionnaire, and eating motivations using the Food Choice Questionnaire. Results Over half of the participants were male (53.4%), younger adults (mean ± SD 37.2 ± 11.2 years), and mostly from the United States (89%). Vegan and vegetarian eating habits were reported by 15.8% of people. Vegans/vegetarians had significantly higher orthorexic tendencies than omnivores, and chose food significantly more often for Weight Control, Ethical Concern, Natural Content, and Mood reasons. People with greater orthorexic tendencies (ORTO-15 score<35) chose food significantly more often for Weight Control and Ethical Concern reasons than those with less orthorexic tendencies (ORTO-15 score 35+). Conclusion This study's results are in line with the majority of the evidence that shows an association between vegan/vegetarian diets and orthorexic tendencies, but strengthens the evidence base by including more male participants. Additionally, this is the first study to use an English-validated motivation-based questionnaire that explored diet motivators in vegans/vegetarians compared to omnivories, and in those with orthorexic tendencies vs. those without orthorexic tendencies.
Doxycycline post exposure prophylaxis could select for cross-resistance to other antimicrobials in various pathogens: An in silico analysis
Authors: Gestels Zina , Manoharan-Basil Sheeba Santhini , Kenyon Chris 
Published: July 2023

Background A number of randomized controlled trials have found that doxycycline post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can reduce the incidence of gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM). If tetracycline resistance is associated with resistance to other antimicrobials in a range of bacterial species, then doxycycline PEP could have the unintended effect of selecting for resistance to other antimicrobials in these bacterial species. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility data were retrieved from two sources: pubMLST ( https://pubmlst.org/ ) and Pathogenwatch ( https://pathogen.watch/ ) for the following bacterial pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar Typhi , Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. We assessed if tetracycline resistance was associated with resistance to six relevant antimicrobials. Results We found evidence of cross resistance to various antimicrobials in all six bacterial species assessed. Cross resistance was found in 4 of 5 antimicrobials for K. pneumoniae, 1 of 2 for C. jejuni, 3 of 5 for S. enterica subsp. Enterica serovar Typhi, 5 of 5 for S. aureus, 5 of 6 for S. pneumoniae and 2 of 3 for S. pyogenes. These associations include a higher prevalence of methicillin resistance in tetracycline resistant S. aureus, penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae, macrolide and clindamycin resistance in S. pyogenes, fluoroquinolone resistance in S. enterica subsp. Enterica serovar Typhi and third-generation cephalosporin resistance in K. pneumoniae. Conclusion These results suggest that studies evaluating the effects of doxycycline PEP should include the effects of doxycycline on resistance not only to doxycycline but also to other antimicrobials and in a broader array of bacterial species than has been included in doxycycline PEP studies thus far.
Colorectal cancer screening with faecal immunochemical test: Patterns of participation
Authors: Heyman Hanna , Blom Johannes , Saraste Deborah 
Published: July 2023

Objective To evaluate participation and participation patterns in a population-based screening programme for colorectal cancer (CRC) using the faecal immunochemical test (FIT). Methods All individuals invited to three consecutive screening rounds in the population-based CRC screening between October 2015 and December 2020 in the Stockholm–Gotland Region, Sweden were included. Patterns of participation were assessed. Results The study included 26 541 individuals which resulted in 79 623 screening events. The overall uptake rate was 71.5% and women had a significantly higher participation rate. The participation rate increased significantly between the first and third screening round for both men and women, and the increase was larger among men than women (66.1 to 70.7% vs. 73.1 to 75.4%). In total, 80.9% participated at least once. Consistent participation was the most common participation pattern (61.0%). The probability of attending all three consecutive rounds after initial participation was 87.7%. Over the three rounds, 17.4% participated after a reminder letter. Screening individuals attending after a reminder letter had a higher proportion of drop-outs in the following screening round compared to initial participants (15.4% vs 6.2%). Conclusion A constant and high participation rate was observed in population-based FIT-screening for CRC. Initial participation was a strong predictor for continuous participation. The need for a reminder letter before participation was a risk factor for subsequent drop-out.
Fruit of Rosa odorata Sweet var. gigantea (Coll. et Hemsl.) Rehd. et Wils Attenuates DSS-induced Ulcerative Colitis by Adjusting Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Teng , Lei Jialong , Han Qiaqia , Zhao Yanmin , Gao Xiaoxia , Zhang Jingze , Liu Dailin 
Published: July 2023

Background Rosa odorata Sweet var. gigantean (Coll. et Hemsl.) Rehd. et Wils (FOE), a sort of ethnodrug from the Yi nationality called “GU-GONG-GUO,” the root of which has been shown to have the effect of relieving diarrhea with astringents. Whether fruit extract (FOE) has therapeutic properties for related intestinal diseases is unclear. Objectives The study dedicates to expounding the results and mechanisms of FOE for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). Materials and Methods we used dextran sulfate sodium to induce UC in vivo and lipopolysaccharide to stimulate macrophage in vitro for the purpose of exploring and determining the effectiveness and potential mechanism of action of FOE. Results The weight loss ratio and Disease activity index score of FOE administration groups were obviously lower and the colon tissue morphology was significantly relieved. The levels of various proinflammatory cytokines in colon tissue were evaluated to be decreased. Meanwhile, the FOE administration group also alters oxidative stress factor levels. The levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein were once distinctly up-regulated, whereas the levels of NF-κB p65, p-IKK α/β, and Keap1 were dose-independently and prominently suppressed by FOE administration. In vitro, FOE significantly reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited the oxidant stress injury in macrophage cells induced by macrophage. The relative expressions of NF-κB p65, p-IKK α/β, and Keap1 proteins in FOE groups were memorably down-regulated, while the Nrf2 and HO-1 levels presented as a contrary tendency. Conclusion These results indicated that FOE has shown potential therapeutic efficacy on UC and might be considered an effective anti-inflammatory agent from natural sources.
Safety of mid-thigh exit site venous catheters in multidrug resistant colonized patients
Authors: Bartoli Arianna , Donadoni Mattia , Quici Massimiliano , Rizzi Giulia , La Cava Leyla , Foschi Antonella , Calloni Maria , Casella Francesco , Martini Elena , Taino Alba , Cogliati Chiara , Gidaro Antonio 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Venous catheters inserted in superficial femoral vein and with mid-thigh exit site have emerged as a feasible and safe technique for central or peripheral tip’s venous access, especially in agitated, delirious patients. The spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial (MDR) strains is an emerging clinical problem and more and more patients are being colonized by these types of bacteria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) or catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in mid-thigh catheters in patients with positive rectal swabs to evaluate the safety of this procedure and the real infection risk. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed data on patients with mid-tight catheters inserted from May 2021 to November 2022. All surveillance rectal swabs were recorded. In addition, to collect data on CLABSI and CRBSI, the results of all blood and catheter tip cultures performed during the hospital stay were acquired. Results: Six hundred two patients were enrolled, 304 patients (50.5%) had a rectal swab; 128 (42.1%) swabs were positive for MDR. Nine CLABSI (only two in patients with a positive rectal swab) and three CRBSI were detected. No statistical difference in the absolute number of CLABSI and CRBSI and in the number of infections per 1000 catheter days emerged between the overall population and patients with positive rectal swabs (respectively p = 0.45 and p = 0.53). Similarly, no statistical difference in the number of CLABSI and CRBSI was found among patients with a negative swab and patients with a positive one (respectively p = 0.43 and p = 0.51). Conclusions: According to our data, cannulation of the superficial femoral vein represents a safe location in patients with positive rectal swabs.
Telehealth vs In-Person Shared Medical Appointments for an Intensive Therapeutic Lifestyle Change Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes
Authors: Patel Padmaja , Boswell Carol , Eldridge James A. 
Published: July 2023

In response to Covid-19, the Lifestyle Medicine Clinic at Midland Health elected to utilize telehealth to engage remotely with patients to deliver a 12-week intensive therapeutic lifestyle change (ITLC) program for patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. This program utilized a shared medical appointment (SMA) group visit model. Beginning in May/2020, the program was offered again in-person; however, the telehealth option remained. This study is a retrospective chart review, aimed at comparing pre- and post-program changes in body weight, HbA1c, fasting lipid profile, systolic pressure, and diastolic blood pressure between in-person vs telehealth SMA formats. This study found no statistical difference in ITLC program health outcomes between telehealth vs in-person shared medical groups. At the end of ITLC Programs between both groups, an average weight loss of 9.66 pounds and 1% reduction was noted in ptHbA1C. Total cholesterol reduced by 7.1 mg/dL, and LDL by 15.19 mg/dL. The blood pressure readings showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 13.4 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 4.14 mmHg. Our results indicated that this novel telehealth delivery model could be equally successful in delivering an intensive therapeutic lifestyle program (ITLC) using an SMA approach to prevent, treat and often put chronic diseases in remission.
Body Mass Index (BMI) Cutoffs and Racial, Ethnic, Sex, or Age Disparities in Patients Treated With Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Chao Myra , Manz Wesley J. , Fink Juliet , Coleman Michelle M. , Kadakia Rishin J. , Bariteau Jason T. 
Published: July 2023

Background: The rising prevalence of obesity among American adults has disproportionately affected Black adults and women. Furthermore, body mass index (BMI) has historically been used as a relative contraindication to many total joint arthroplasty (TJA) procedures, including total ankle arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential disparities in patient eligibility for total ankle arthroplasty based on race, ethnicity, sex, and age by applying commonly used BMI cutoffs to the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Methods: Patients in the ACS-NSQIP database who underwent TAA from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed in a cross-sectional analysis. BMI cutoffs of <50, <45, <40, and <35 were then applied. The eligibility rate for TAA was examined for each BMI cutoff, and findings were stratified by race, ethnicity, sex, and age. Independent t tests, chi-squared tests, and Fisher exact tests were performed to compare differences at an α = 0.05. Results: A total of 1215 of 1865 TAA patients (65.1%) were included after applying the exclusion criteria. Black patients had disproportionately lower rates of eligibility at the most stringent BMI cutoff of <35 ( P = .004). Hispanic patients had generally lower rates of eligibility across all BMI cutoffs. In contrast, Asian American and Pacific Islander patients had higher rates of eligibility at the BMI cutoffs of <35 ( P = .033) and <40 ( P = .039), and White non-Hispanic patients had higher rates of eligibility across all BMI cutoffs. Females had lower eligibility rates across all BMI cutoffs. Ineligible patients were also younger compared to eligible patients across all BMI cutoffs. Conclusion: Stringent BMI cutoffs may disproportionately disqualify Black, female, and younger patients from receiving total ankle arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cross-sectional study.
Overexpression of OsHAD3, a Member of HAD Superfamily, Decreases Drought Tolerance of Rice
Authors: Zan Xiaofei , Zhou Zhanmei , Wan Jiale , Chen Hao , Zhu Jiali , Xu Haoran , Zhang Jia , Li Xiaohong , Gao Xiaoling , Chen Rongjun , Huang Zhengjian , Xu Zhengjun , Li Lihua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHaloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase (HAD) superfamily have been shown to get involved in plant growth and abiotic stress response. Although the various functions and regulatory mechanism of HAD superfamily have been well demonstrated, we know little about the function of this family in conferring abiotic stress tolerance to rice. Here, we report OsHAD3, a HAD superfamily member, could affect drought tolerance of rice. Under drought stress, overexpression of OsHAD3 increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde than wild type. OsHAD3-overexpression lines decreased but antisense-expression lines increased the roots length under drought stress and the transcription levels of many well-known stress-related genes were also changed in plants with different genotypes. Furthermore, overexpression of OsHAD3 also decreases the oxidative tolerance. Our results suggest that overexpression of OsHAD3 could decrease the drought tolerance of rice and provide a new strategy for improving drought tolerance in rice.