bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Pd(0) Complexes with Electronically Differentiated Ferrocene Diphosphane Ligands
Authors: Horký Filip , Schulz Jiří , Zábranský Martin , Štěpnička Petr 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe strategy of modifying phosphane ligands through substituent variation has been widely applied in coordination chemistry and catalysis. This contribution focuses on unsymmetric ferrocene diphosphanes with electronically distinct phosphane moieties, Ph2PfcCH2PAr2 (Ar=Ph, 1; 3,5‐C6H3Me2, 2; and 3,5‐C6H3(CF3)2, 3; fc=ferrocene‐1,1′‐diyl), which were synthesized and converted to the corresponding selenides (1Se–3Se) and Pd(0) complexes [Pd(L‐κ2P,P′)(η2‐ma)] (5–8 for L=1–3 and dppf, ma=maleic anhydride). All compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, ESI MS and elemental analysis, and the structures of 2, 1Se ⋅ CHCl3, 2Se and 5 ⋅ PhMe were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the redox behavior of 1–3 and 5–8 was studied by cyclic voltammetry and rationalized through DFT calculations. The prepared Pd(0) complexes and their model compound [Pd(dppf‐κ2P,P′)(η2‐ma)] were employed in Pd‐catalyzed C−H arylation of benzoxazole with chlorobenzene in n‐butanol in the presence of K3PO4 as the base, and the catalytic results were compared with the collected characterization data, including the 1JPSe coupling constants determined for 1Se–3Se, as a measure of ligand basicity.
Riparian vegetation's effects on the evolution of an experimental meandering channel driven by an upper vortex flow
Authors: Song Xiaolong , Wang Shihan , Li Guoyang , Huang Hai , Xu Haijue , Bai Yuchuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFew investigations of river evolution have incorporated the series of upper vortex flow disturbances induced by quasi‐knickpoints, and it is unclear whether the regulating ability of riparian vegetation in maintaining meandering channel patterns is valid. In this study, we therefore conducted meander evolution experiments to confirm the effects of vegetation species and vegetation strength on this complex system. Two nonleguminous plants with salinity and alkalinity resistance had non‐uniform degrees of normal seedling growth and different root network lengths. Our findings show that braided swales formed between the upstream developing zone of the vortex flow and the nearest bend and the riparian vegetation generally consolidated the single‐thread channel planform without branching outward under the conditions of flooding flow. Transverse point bars on inner banks were replaced by downstream scroll bars in the overall channel for long time, unless riparian vegetation and flood scour were coupled. Shallow‐rooted plants were inadequate to withstand the inner‐banks being cut by the upper vortex flow. Deep‐rooted plants can significantly stabilize bank lines and thalwegs but are vulnerable to locally low vegetation coverage. Using evolutionary spectral analysis based on thalwegs, we found that the streamwise high‐frequency distribution of bed topography was primarily concentrated downstream of the bifurcation interface when a flood was present in the unvegetated scenario, shrank to the isolated turning interface of the upper reach and the large‐scale spiral swale of the lower reach in the shallow‐rooted scenario and stood out along the area disturbed by bare roots in the deep‐rooted scenario. This experimental study broadens our understanding of vegetation effects in hydro‐bio‐geomorphological system engineering.
Dynamic and delayed channel geomorphic responses to changing hydrological processes following the Three Gorges Dam operation
Authors: Li Yuchen , Chen Li , Zhang Wei , Yuan Jing , Wu Meiqin , Chen Fan , Yang Chenggang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of dynamic and delayed channel geomorphic responses to changing hydrological processes are still insufficiently understood, especially in large dammed rivers and segments farther downstream from the dam. Geomorphic effects farther downstream from the dam could be easily underestimated. This study investigated the hydrological changes and channel adjustments in the Chenglingji–Jiujiang Reach (CJR), ~450 km downstream from the Three Gorges Dam. The post‐dam evolution developed from early low‐intensity alternating erosion/deposition to later intense erosion. This is because the increasing sediment starvation caused by the dam and attenuated upstream sediment replenishment produced streams with excess transport capacity for the farther downstream channel, where the early mild evolution and fine‐sandy riverbed guaranteed adequate sediment availability. Additionally, the increasing geomorphic contribution of low‐to‐medium flows, coupled with revetment resistance to lateral adjustments, promoted migration of the major adjustment area from above the bankfull channel to below the medium‐flow channel and characterized erosion by one‐way incision with no evident channel narrowing/widening. The net increase in reach‐averaged thalweg incision depth during a later period (2.85 m) was 35 times larger than that during an earlier period (0.08 m). Channel morphogenetic intra‐annual hydrological processes were identified to contain all discharges smaller than 39 000 m3/s, and discharges of 30 000–39 000 m3/s exerted maximum geomorphic effects. On this basis, a method for estimating the cumulative erosion volume at equilibrium was proposed and integrated into the Delayed Response Model. The encouraging simulation and prediction results indicate that geomorphological adjustments within the CJR were greatly influenced by the hydrological conditions of current year and previous 4 years, while the impacts of extreme and rare events depended more on the consistency of their hydrological behaviours with channel evolutionary trends than on their temporal distances. This work facilitates the understanding and prediction of channel self‐adjustments farther downstream from the dam.
Morphological characterizations of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) to select superior genotypes
Authors: Khadivi Ali , Mirheidari Farhad , Moradi Younes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractParsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) is an edible root that has long been used in cooking and preparing baby food and livestock. The present study was performed to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of 69 accessions of this species to select superiors in terms of root quality in Paykan village, Isfahan province, Iran, in the year 2022. There were significant differences among the accessions investigated (ANOVA, p < .01). Coefficient of variation (CV) was more than 20.00% in the majority of measured characters (64 out of 66 characters), indicating high diversity among the accessions. Foliage width (crown) ranged from 10 to 55 cm with an average of 32.32 cm. Root shape was tapering (33), obtriangular (10), narrow oblong (5), wide oblong (5), obovate (13), and fusiform (3). Root length ranged from 81.2 to 294 mm with an average of 166.44 mm. Root diameter at its middle point ranged from 15.58 to 125.12 mm with an average of 51.83 mm. Root weight ranged from 15 to 1200 g with an average of 315.36 g. Inner core (xylem) pigmentation/color was cream yellow (11 accessions), light yellow (12), yellow (42), dark yellow (2), and yellow–light orange (2). In the cluster analysis based on Ward's method, the accessions were divided into two main clusters according to morphological traits. This is despite the fact that parsnip is part of the medicinal plant native and valuable in most farms in tropical cities. Compared with carrots, parsnip plants are more adaptable to different environmental conditions. The accessions studied here showed high phenotypic diversity. Based on ideal values of the important and commercial characters of parsnip, such as root length, root weight, inner core (xylem) pigmentation/color, root shape, flesh color intensity, flesh palatability, and total soluble solids, 14 genotypes, including Parsnip‐3, Parsnip‐9, Parsnip‐24, Parsnip‐32, Parsnip‐32, Parsnip‐48, Parsnip‐51, Parsnip‐52, Parsnip‐58, Parsnip‐60, Parsnip‐62, Parsnip‐65, Parsnip‐67, and Parsnip‐69, were promising and are recommended for cultivation.
A review on extraction, composition, structure, and biological activities of polysaccharides from different parts of Nelumbo nucifera
Authors: Kakar Mohib Ullah , Karim Hammad , Shabir Ghazala , Iqbal Imran , Akram Muhammad , Ahmad Sajjad , Shafi Muhammad , Gul Pari , Riaz Sania , Rehman Rizwan‐ur‐ , Salari Hamid 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNelumbo nucifera (lotus plant) is an important member of the Nelumbonaceae family. This review summarizes the studies conducted on it since the past 15 years to provide an understanding on future areas of focus. Different parts of this plant, that is, leaves, roots, and seeds, have been used as food and for the treatment of various diseases. Polysaccharides have been extracted from different parts using different methods. The manuscript reviews the methods of extraction of polysaccharides used for leaves, roots, and seeds, along with their yield. Some methods can provide better yield while some provide better biological activity with low yield. The composition and structure of extracted polysaccharides have been determined in some studies. Although monosaccharide composition has been determined in various studies, too little information about the structure of polysaccharides from N. nucifera is available in the current literature. Different useful biological activities have been explored using in vivo and in vitro methods, which include antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, anti‐osteoporotic, immunomodulatory, and prebiotic activities. Antitumor activity from polysaccharides of lotus leaves is yet to be explored, besides lotus root has been underexplored as compared to other parts (leaves and seeds) according to our literature survey. Studies dedicated to the successful use of combination of extraction methods can be conducted in future. The plant provides a therapeutic as well as nutraceutical potential; however, antimicrobial activity and synergistic relationships of polysaccharides from different parts of the plant need further exploration.
Nutritional, pharmaceutical, and functional aspects of rambutan in industrial perspective: An updated review
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Bibi Maryam , Ejaz Afaf , Shah Yasir Abbas , Faisal Zargham , Ateeq Huda , Akram Noor , Asghar Aasma , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNumerous researchers have been motivated to investigate new plant sources as a result of the continued advancement of functional foods and herbal medicines. The rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.) with its significant nutritional and bioactive compositions offers therapeutic properties such as anticancer, antiallergic, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypercholesterolemic, and antihyperglycemic. Rambutan is high in antioxidants, dietary fibers, and vitamins and minerals. Its parts including fruit peel, pulp, and seed are a great source of bioactive compounds. Rambutan fruit extracts have been found to have cardioprotective and hepatoprotective properties. This review provides an insight into the nutritional as well as therapeutic value, health potential, and utilization of rambutan fruit along with its nonedible parts (seeds and peels). Advanced research and phytochemical screening would also encourage the rambutan fruit as a viable choice for the preparation of medications and functional foods. However, it is necessary to further analyze the functional aspects and nutritional potential of this fruit along with the therapeutic mechanisms and to improve its industrial use as a nutraceutical and functional food product.
Integrative roles of human amygdala subdivisions: Insight from direct intracerebral stimulations via stereotactic EEG
Authors: Zhang Huaqiang , Wang Di , Wei Penghu , Fan Xiaotong , Yang Yanfeng , An Yang , Dai Yang , Feng Tao , Shan Yongzhi , Ren Liankun , Zhao Guoguang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSubstantial studies of human amygdala function have revealed its importance in processing emotional experience, autonomic regulation, and sensory information; however, the neural substrates and circuitry subserving functions have not been directly mapped at the level of the subnuclei in humans. We provide a useful overview of amygdala functional characterization by using direct electrical stimulation to various amygdala regions in 48 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy undergoing stereoelectroencephalography recordings. This stimulation extends beyond the anticipated emotional, neurovegetative, olfactory, and somatosensory responses to include visual, auditory, and vestibular sensations, which may be explained by the functional connectivity with cortical and subcortical regions due to evoked amygdala‐cortical potentials. Among the physiological symptom categories for each subnucleus, the most frequently evoked neurovegetative symptoms were distributed in almost every subnucleus. Laterobasal subnuclei are mainly associated with emotional responses, somatosensory responses, and vestibular sensations. Superficial subnuclei are mainly associated with emotional responses and olfactory and visual hallucinations. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the functional architecture of the human amygdala at the subnuclei level and as a mechanistic basis for the clinical practice of amygdala stimulation in treating patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Impacts of land use and soil conservation measures on runoff and soil loss from two contrasted soils in the black soil region, northeastern China
Authors: Fang Haiyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRunoff and soil loss characteristics on slopes and their responses to soil conservation measures and soil properties have not been fully understood. In the present study, runoff and sediment data from runoff plots with two contrasted soils (i.e., Phaeozenm and Luvisols) at the Liangshigou (LSG) and Erdaogou (EDL) catchments were used to study soil loss characteristics for the black soil region, northeastern China. The implemented soil conservation measures including cross ridge tillage, hedgerow, terrace, level trough, and biological measures can effectively control soil loss at the two sites, whereas the downslope ridge tillage (DRT) and bare plots yielded annual soil loss rates of 1230 t km−2 year−1 in 2014–2015 and 2020 and 580 t km−2 year−1 in 2020 which were much higher than the tolerable value (i.e., 200 t km−2 year−1). Under the same treatments, the Phaeozenm plots yielded much higher soil loss rates than the Luvisols plots, resulting from more erosive rainfall events and higher soil erodibility at the LSG catchment. The typical black region with the Phaeozenm soil should be the priority area to be implemented with soil conservation measures in northeastern China.
Natural person ltd.: Towards a unified discharge regime for entrepreneurs and consumers
Authors: Vandenbossche Gauthier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPersonal insolvency proceedings are increasingly fulfilling an economic function, aimed at the rehabilitation of the debtor. The idea of the fresh start and second chance, including an early discharge of residual debts, is an important illustration thereof. Despite the fact that this evolution is noted in all personal insolvency procedures, both with regard to entrepreneurs and consumers, debt discharge used to be easier to justify and more readily granted to entrepreneurs (traders) than to non‐entrepreneurs. Clear examples of the discomfort legislators seem to have with discharging unpaid debts of consumers are the EU Member States that differentiate between commercial and consumer insolvency procedures. In addition, the narrative of promoting entrepreneurship is now driving EU insolvency reforms. That (narrow) focus leads Directive 2019/1023/EU to make the same distinction between insolvent individual entrepreneurs and other natural persons, offering the former a full discharge of debt after a reasonable period of time, while providing no mandatory discharge principles for the latter. This means that not all natural persons are equal when it comes to the possibility of having a second chance, despite compelling evidence that shorter discharge periods lead to more productive individuals. The question therefore arises as to whether EU Member States should run separate discharge systems for entrepreneurs and consumers, and whether this is justified in relation to its purpose. Focusing on natural persons in an insolvency context, this article argues that the objectives of providing a fresh start and second chance, by promoting debt discharge, are as relevant for consumer debtors as they are for entrepreneurs.
An adaptive parameter selection strategy based on maximizing the probability of data for robust fluorescence molecular tomography reconstruction
Authors: Li Jintao , Zhang Lizhi , Liu Jia , Zhang Diya , Kang Dizhen , Wang Beilei , He Xiaowei , Zhang Heng , Zhao Yizhe , Guo Hongbo , Hou Yuqing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo alleviate the ill‐posed of the inverse problem in fluorescent molecular tomography (FMT), many regularization methods based on L2 or L1 norm have been proposed. Whereas, the quality of regularization parameters affects the performance of the reconstruction algorithm. Some classical parameter selection strategies usually need initialization of parameter range and high computing costs, which is not universal in the practical application of FMT. In this paper, an universally applicable adaptive parameter selection method based on maximizing the probability of data (MPD) strategy was proposed. This strategy used maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation and maximum likelihood (ML) estimation to establish a regularization parameters model. The stable optimal regularization parameters can be determined by multiple iterative estimates. Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments show that MPD strategy can obtain stable regularization parameters for both regularization algorithms based on L2 or L1 norm and achieve good reconstruction performance.
Inter‐device concordance of Veggie Meter—A reflection spectroscopy to measure skin carotenoids
Authors: Obana Akira , Asaoka Ryo , Takayanagi Yuji , Gohto Yuko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Veggie Meter® (VM) is a refraction spectrometer that detects skin carotenoids. We tested the variability of the two modes (single‐scan and averaging modes) of four VMs of three different versions (VM‐1, 2, 3, 4) with 92 healthy volunteers. Both the modes exhibited a high intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC); however, the averaging mode had a significantly lower coefficient of variance than the single‐scan mode. The Bland–Altman analysis showed a systematic error between VM‐1 and other three VMs. The actual errors between the VM‐1 and the other three VMs in the averaging mode were 7.4%, 10.4%, and 11.8% of the median of VM scores, but the errors could be reduced to 2.8%, 6.3%, and 7.0% by compensating VM scores using the regression equations. Averaging mode had higher accuracy than single‐scan mode. The reliability of the VMs was validated by the small coefficient of variation and high ICC. The error was improved using linear regression compensation.
A meta‐analysis on the effects of just‐below versus round prices
Authors: Troll Eve Sarah , Frankenbach Julius , Friese Malte , Loschelder David D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMarketers' proclivity for just‐below prices (e.g., $9.99) is rooted in an expected higher demand than for round prices ($10.00). The literature, however, lacks a comprehensive assessment of when and how price endings matter. Three mechanisms might explain price‐ending effects on consumers' purchase decisions: just‐below prices (1) improve price perceptions, but (2) impair perceived product quality, and (3) cause consumers to underestimate prices. A preregistered meta‐analysis (k = 69 studies, m = 362 effect sizes, N = 40,541) established that just‐below (vs. round) prices tend to increase purchase decisions (g = 0.13, CI95%[0.01, 0.25]), result in an advantageous price image (g = 0.28, CI95%[0.09, 0.48]), have no effect on perceived product quality (g = 0.00, CI95%[−0.17, 0.18], p = 0.96), and are more often underestimated (g = 0.67, CI95%[0.04, 1.30]). Participant, study, price, and product characteristics moderate the magnitude of these effects. Overall, the effect sizes are small and highly heterogenous, p‐curve analyses revealed a large proportion of nonsignificant effects, and publication bias corrections suggest smaller and, at times, nonsignificant true effects. We discuss theoretical and applied implications for the pricing literature.
Impaired muscle function, including its decline, is related to greater long‐term late‐life dementia risk in older women
Authors: Radavelli‐Bagatini Simone , Macpherson Helen , Scott David , Daly Robin M. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Laws Simon M. , Zhu Kun , Prince Richard L. , Lewis Joshua R. , Sim Marc 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundImpaired muscle function has been identified as a risk factor for declining cognitive function and cardiovascular health, both of which are risk factors for late‐life dementia (after 80 years of age). We examined whether hand grip strength and timed‐up‐and‐go (TUG) performance, including their change over 5 years, were associated with late‐life dementia events in older women and whether any associations provided independent information to Apolipoprotein E ℇ4 (APOE ℇ4) genotype.MethodsGrip strength and TUG were assessed in community‐dwelling older women (mean ± SD; age 75.0 ± 2.6 years) at baseline (n = 1225) and 5 years (n = 1052). Incident 14.5‐year late‐life dementia events (dementia‐related hospitalization/death) were obtained from linked health records. Cardiovascular risk factors (Framingham Risk Score), APOE genotyping, prevalent atherosclerotic vascular disease and cardiovascular‐related medications were evaluated at baseline. These were included in multivariable‐adjusted Cox‐proportional hazards models assessing the relationship between muscle function measures and late‐life‐dementia events.ResultsOver follow‐up, 207 (16.9%) women had a late‐life dementia event. Compared with women with the highest grip strength (Quartile [Q] 4, 25.8 kg), those with the lowest grip strength (Q1, 16.0 kg) had greater hazard for a late‐life dementia event (HR 2.27 95% CI 1.54–3.35, P < 0.001). For TUG, the slowest women (Q4, 12.4 vs. Q1, 7.4 s) also recorded a greater hazard for a late‐life dementia event (HR 2.10 95% CI 1.42–3.10, P = 002). Weak hand grip (<22 kg) or slow TUG (>10.2 s) provided independent information to the presence of an APOE ℇ4 allele (n = 280, 22.9%). Compared with women with no weakness and no APOE ℇ4 allele, those with weakness and APOE ℇ4 allele had a greater hazard (HR 3.19 95% CI 2.09–4.88, P < 0.001) for a late‐life dementia event. Women presenting with slowness and the APOE ℇ4 allele also recorded a greater hazard for a late‐life dementia event (HR 2.59 95% CI 1.64–4.09, P < 0.001). For 5‐year muscle function changes, compared with women with the lowest performance decrement (Q1), those with the largest decrement (Q4) had higher hazards for a late‐life dementia event (grip strength HR 1.94 95% CI 1.22–3.08, P = 0.006; TUG HR 2.52 95% CI 1.59–3.98, P < 0.001) over the next 9.5 years.ConclusionsWeaker grip strength and slower TUG, and a greater decline over 5 years, were significant risk factors for a late‐life‐dementia event in community‐dwelling older women, independent of lifestyle and genetic risk factors. Incorporating muscle function measures as part of dementia screening appears useful to identify high‐risk individuals who might benefit from primary prevention programmes.