bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costs and benefits of polyandry in a sexually cannibalistic mantis
Authors: Burke Nathan W. , Holwell Gregory 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMating with more than one male often provides direct or indirect benefits to female fitness but can also increase the chance of injury and death. Costs of mating are expected to increase linearly with increasing mating number. But how such costs interact with benefits to determine the net payoff of mating multiply is not well understood. Using the highly cannibalistic Springbok mantis, Miomantis caffra, a species where females are stabbed in the abdomen by males during violent premating struggles that males initiate to avoid being cannibalized, we took an experimental approach to assess the economics of polyandry under the risk of external, male‐inflicted injury. We predicted that females that mate multiply would be more likely to show abdominal injuries, have higher prereproductive mortality, produce fewer offspring and be more likely to engage in pre‐mating cannibalism to avoid unwanted matings. In line with our predictions, we found that the likelihood of abdominal injury was highest among females that mated at least once, and prereproductive death was highest among females that mated twice or three times. Virgin females completely avoided these costs and produced some offspring parthenogenetically but not enough to provide a net benefit. Although mating was better than not mating, there was no singularly optimal mating number: females that mated once and three times produced similarly high numbers of offspring from the first ootheca, which resulted in an intermediate trough in offspring production at two matings. We also found little evidence that cannibalism was deployed as a mate‐avoidance strategy: females consistently attacked and consumed males regardless of how many times they mated or how long they were housed with males. Our results suggest the possibility of two distinct mating strategies in M. caffra, where females either mate at a lower frequency to minimize costs or at a higher frequency to maximize benefits. We discuss possible explanations for this bimodal pattern in offspring production.
Sub‐regional skin grafting for perineal resurfacing after excision of superficial vulvar tumors: An excellent method to achieve an aesthetically pleasing appearance
Authors: Che Kexin , Wang Keke , Yuan Ye , Li Fengyong , Li Qiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of sub‐regional split‐thickness skin grafting in perineal resurfacing.MethodsA single‐center retrospective study was conducted in the Genital Plastic Surgery Center. Detailed clinical data of 14 consecutive patients who underwent split‐thickness skin grafting after vulvar tumor resection from February 2013 to June 2022 were analyzed. Clinical data, postoperative photographs, scoring of vulvar appearance, and questionnaire results of the Female Sexual Function Index before and after surgery were analyzed.ResultsThe patients had sub‐regional split‐thickness skin grafting ranging from 7 × 8 cm to 11 × 12 cm (88.86 ± 24.99 cm2). After a follow‐up of 8.21 ± 2.22 months (mean ± SD), all patients had a three‐dimensional and aesthetically pleasing vulva and high scoring of vulvar appearance (mean ± SD, 4.43 ± 0.65). All patients had good healing of both the recipient and donor sites without major complications. Only one patient had minor dehiscence in the perineal region and recovered soon after proper treatment. The scores of the Female Sexual Function Index were significantly improved after surgery. Among the included domains, scores of “desire,” “arousal,” “orgasm” and “satisfaction” increased significantly after surgery (p value <0.05).ConclusionsSub‐regional split‐thickness skin grafting could achieve excellent cosmetic outcomes with few complications in perineal reconstruction after the excision of superficial vulvar tumors. It can provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance in the vulvar region and improve female sexual function to some extent. In general, sub‐regional split‐thickness skin grafting could be a recommended reconstructive option to repair vulvar defects.
Calibrating for Progress: What are the Instrumental Functions of Theory in Management Research?
Authors: Krlev Gorgi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile economics has largely moved ‘beyond theory’, in management research the ‘theory always’ imperative is still held high. This imperative has come under attack lately with scholars saying we have too much theory that explains too little, or that insisting on theoretical contributions in every article hampers our ability to address timely issues. I argue that there is unease with the practice of theorizing in management and organization because we fail to demonstrate what theory does (or cannot do) for advancing knowledge, and under what conditions. In this article, I therefore seek to show when and how management theory is more useful and when less useful for moving research fields forward. Drawing on a position about progress that is rooted in a combination of Popper's critical rationalism and social criticism, I unearth four instrumental functions of theory and three areas of limitation. I suggest that scholars should be clearer about which of these functions their theorizing serves, or use the framework to justify why, instead of crafting theory, they focus on applying theory, on empirical analysis, or on method. The article provides guidance to authors, reviewers, and editors. It also offers suggestions for the strategic positioning and publishing policies of journals.
But what did they do on leave? Differing evaluations of men and women's completion of work tasks on parental leave
Authors: Parks‐Stamm Elizabeth J. , Tharp Derek T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs parental leave policies increasingly encourage new fathers to take paternal leave, the present experimental study explores evaluations of male and female workers who do (or do not) complete work‐related tasks during leave. In line with our preregistered hypotheses, not completing work‐related tasks during leave resulted in costs for men's (but not women's) evaluations and recommendations, whereas working during leave benefited women's (but not men's) evaluations and recommendations. Parallel evaluations of workers' agency suggest prescriptive gender norms underlie these different responses to men's and women's behaviour.
The role of vitamin D in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Lu Emily Ming‐Chieh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti‐inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the tooth, which has several shared risk factors with other chronic non‐communicable diseases. The biological functions of vitamin D are mediated by its strong anti‐microbial, anti‐inflammatory, and host modulatory properties. Experimental periodontitis models involving targeted deletion of 1α‐hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive substrate to active 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol), showed augmented alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have also been associated with increased severity of periodontitis. Thus, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is biological plausible. Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD3 and periodontal disease inflammation. However, due to the paucity of well‐designed longitudinal studies, there is less support for the impact of vitamin D status on periodontal disease progression and tooth loss. The evidence emphasises the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in supporting periodontal health. This review aims to first examine the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and second, discuss the clinical evidence which implicate the role of vitamin D in periodontal disease.
Direct and indirect selenium speciation in biofortified wheat: A tale of two techniques
Authors: Subirana Maria Angels , Boada Roberto , Xiao Tingting , Llugany Mercè , Valiente Manuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWheat can be biofortified with different inorganic selenium (Se) forms, selenite or selenate. The choice of Se source influences the physiological response of the plant and the Se metabolites produced. We looked at selenium uptake, distribution and metabolization in wheat exposed to selenite, selenate and a 1:1 molar mixture of both to determine the impact of each treatment on the Se speciation in roots, shoots, and grains. To achieve a comprehensive quantification of the Se species, the complementarity of high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy was exploited. This approach allowed the identification of the six main selenium species: selenomethionine, selenocysteine, selenocystine, selenite, selenate, and elemental selenium. The three treatments resulted in similar total selenium concentration in grains, 90–150 mg Se kg−1, but produced different effects in the plant. Selenite enhanced root accumulation (66% of selenium) and induced the maximum toxicity, whereas selenate favored shoot translocation (46%). With the 1:1 mixture, selenium was distributed along the plant generating lower toxicity. Although all conditions resulted in >92% of organic selenium in the grain, selenate produced mainly C‐Se‐C forms, such as selenomethionine, while selenite (alone or in the mixture) enhanced the production of C‐Se‐Se‐C forms, such as selenocystine, modifying the selenoamino acid composition. These results provide a better understanding of the metabolization of selenium species which is key to minimize plant toxicity and any concomitant effect that may arise due to Se‐biofortification.
Robotic bronchoscopic needle‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy to diagnose peripheral lung nodules
Authors: Manley Christopher J. , Kramer Tess , Kumar Rohit , Gong Yulan , Ehya Hormoz , Ross Eric , Bonta Peter I. , Annema Jouke T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRobotic bronchoscopy has demonstrated high navigational success in small peripheral lung nodules but the diagnostic yield is discrepantly lower. Needle based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) enables real‐time microscopic imaging at the needle tip. We aim to assess feasibility, safety and needle repositioning based on real‐time nCLE‐guidance during robotic bronchoscopy in small peripheral lung nodules.MethodsPatients with suspected peripheral lung cancer underwent fluoroscopy and radial EBUS assisted robotic bronchoscopy. After radial EBUS nodule identification, nCLE‐imaging of the target area was performed. nCLE‐malignancy and airway/lung parenchyma criteria were used to identify the optimal sampling location. In case airway was visualized, repositioning of the biopsy needle was performed. After nCLE tool‐in‐nodule confirmation, needle passes and biopsies were performed at the same location.Measurements and Main ResultsTwenty patients were included (final diagnosis n = 17 (lung) cancer) with a median lung nodule size of 14.5 mm (range 8–28 mm). No complications occurred. In 19/20 patients, good quality nCLE‐videos were obtained. In 9 patients (45%), real‐time nCLE‐imaging revealed inadequate positioning of the needle and repositioning was performed. After repositioning, nCLE‐imaging provided tool‐in‐nodule‐confirmation in 19/20 patients. Subsequent ROSE demonstrated representative material in 9/20 patients (45%) and overall diagnostic yield was 80% (16/20). Of the three patients with malignant nCLE‐imaging but inadequate pathology, two were diagnosed with malignancy during follow‐up.ConclusionRobotic bronchoscopic nCLE‐imaging is feasible and safe. nCLE‐imaging in small, difficult‐to‐access lung nodules provided additional real‐time feedback on the correct needle positioning with the potential to optimize the sampling location and diagnostic yield.
Exponentially larger affine and projective caps
Authors: Elsholtz Christian , Lipnik Gabriel F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn spite of a recent breakthrough on upper bounds of the size of cap sets (by Croot, Lev and Pach and by Ellenberg and Gijswijt), the classical cap set constructions had not been affected. In this work, we introduce a very different method of construction for caps in all affine spaces with odd prime modulus p. Moreover, we show that for all primes with , the new construction leads to an exponentially larger growth of the affine and projective caps in and . For example, when , the existence of caps with growth follows from a three‐dimensional example of Bose, and the only improvement had been to by Edel, based on a six‐dimensional example. We improve this lower bound to .
Analyzing Governor-System Performance
Authors: Schwendner A. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
All the characteristics of a turbine governor considered as an entity have their effect on the operating performance, expressed in terms of speed-regulation sensitivity, rate of response, and stability. The governor can only be judged adequately by observing its operation in conjunction with the system with which it is associated, which can only be done by employing instruments more sensitive and rapid in response than the governor itself. This paper describes the essential features of an instrument, developed specifically for this purpose, the methods of testing employed, and actual tests made with it.
A Study of Damper Characteristics
Authors: Dickey P. S. , Coplen H. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
But meager information is at present available covering the design of dampers in spite of their universal use in furnace control. Tests made by the authors have shown that the size of the damper for a given application is the most important factor in determining the flow characteristic. A simplified procedure for predicting the flow characteristic of commonly used types of dampers is offered to stimulate interest in this subject among designing engineers. Mechanical features of design are discussed and suggestions for improvement offered. The relative merits of different types of dampers are considered.
An Improved Hand-Fired Furnace for High-Volatile Coals
Authors: Fellows J. R. , Miles J. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a furnace designed to burn high-volatile coal in two distinct phases: (1) Green coal is reduced to coke in the forward part of the furnace called a coking chamber; (2) when refiring is necessary, the resulting coke is pushed forward and down an inclined grate, where it burns as a smokeless fuel. The volatile gases from the coal pass under a baffle wall through which secondary air is admitted. Burning of the volatile gases occurs above the bed of hot coke. Air for coking the green coal and for burning the coke, as well as secondary air, is admitted through separate inlet openings. The furnace was found to produce no smoke and operated well on a variety of fuels. The temperature of the baffle wall was found to be proportional to the amount of air admitted to the coking chamber. The results indicate this method of burning bituminous coal is applicable to all types of hand-fired equipment, such as stoves, furnaces, and water heaters.
Experimental Studies of Automatic Control
Authors: Peters J. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is important that new modes of automatic control and newly developed control mechanisms be proved in the laboratory, in so far as is possible. The first part of this paper describes an equipment for this purpose developed by the author’s company during the last 10 years. Sufficient detail is given to be useful to others who may wish to build a similar equipment. The second part of the paper deals with typical results obtained, illustrated with actual test records.
Turbines for Power Generation From Industrial-Process Gases
Authors: Goldsbury John , Henderson J. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a discussion of the fields of application for turbines operated by industrial-process gases and natural gases, examples of the mechanical details of actual turbines which have been built for such applications, a simple method for calculating the energy available in a pure or a compound gas for specific operating conditions, and the properties of various gases for use in such calculations. After a study of the available data on gas properties, the authors have selected for the working curves those which were considered to be most authentic.
The Application of the Girbotol Process to Industry
Authors: Storrs B. D. , Reed R. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Details of the Girbotol process for the removal and recovery of acid gases, such as hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide, with amine solutions are outlined in this paper, and its many applications to industry are described. These fields include: Purification of natural and refinery gases; removal of carbon dioxide from raw hydrogen and hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures; carbon-dioxide and hydrogen-sulphide recovery; and the production of inert atmospheres.
Instrumentation for Developing and Testing Diesel Engines
Authors: Maxwell C. R. , Brown K. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper gives a comprehensive idea of the range of Diesel-engine measurements essential to the design of efficient and successful types. Such measurements include accurate power determination, fuel consumption, lubricating-oil consumption, record of crankcase blow-by, exhaust-smoke measurement, all of which are items of performance. In addition, such informative items as pressures attained, rate of pressure rise, combustion analysis, flame duration, exhaust-gas analysis, functions of fuel-injection system, temperature measurements, vibration data, are all essential of determination. Descriptive details are given of the instruments and methods employed in one of the leading Diesel-engine testing laboratories of the country for the determination of these and other Diesel-engine design and operating factors.
Heat Conditions in Bearings: An Outline of Problems for Research
Authors: Hersey Mayo D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Offered as part of a symposium on temperature relations in bearings, this paper reviews briefly the older and newer research problems in that field.
Experimental data are needed on the over-all heat-transfer constants governing the relation of power loss to the temperature elevation in oil-film bearings. The effect of oil flow on load capacity should be further investigated. Better methods for measuring or calculating film temperature would be useful. Other problems are suggested in connection with the properties of lubricants and methods of bearing design.
The conclusion is reached that a new epoch in bearing design is approaching in which the assumption of constant viscosity must give place to a study of heat conditions. This situation is intensified by the increasing loads and speeds to be dealt with in meeting national-defense requirements.
High-Performance Fins for Heat Transfer
Authors: Norris R. H. , Spofford W. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Earlier investigations have determined the forced-convection heat transfer of a single isolated plane or cylinder and of continuous parallel fins. This paper presents test results for groups of small discontinuous fins and pins. These results have been correlated on the basis of Reynolds number in order to show a common quantitative relationship. The heat-transfer coefficients are found to increase in substantially inverse proportion to the square root of the size, or perimeter of the surface element, and can be more than doubled, compared to continuous fins. The relationship between heat transfer and fluid friction is covered quantitatively. Tests of applications show that the data may be rationally applied with satisfactory results.
On Some of the Essentials of Control-Chart Analysis
Authors: Olds E. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper the author indicates the possibility of a new approach to control-chart technique in connection with manufacturing processes. The advantages of quality control of product are widely recognized, and the principles pioneered by Walter A. Shewhart in 1924 have since that time been the object of intensive investigation. Primarily, the present paper is concerned with control with respect to a given standard. By analyzing hypothetical examples, illustrated graphically, the basis of the control-chart method is clarified. However, in exemplifying the control-chart technique, the author indicates a method of reversing the usual procedure, by creating uncontrolled conditions, and then noting whether the tests made locate the “assignable causes” which have been introduced in the experiments. The investigation is carried out with the aid of H. C. Tippett’s tables of “Random Sampling Numbers.”
Hydraulic-Engineering Problems at Southwark Generating Station
Authors: Kerr S. Logan , Moyer Stanley 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the hydraulic-engineering features of the Philadelphia Electric Company’s Southwark Station, the latest addition to its chain of generating stations along the Delaware River. Problems in the design and selection of major equipment centered around (a) the location of the intake and discharge passages for condenser circulating water; (b) the prevention of recirculation of warm discharge water from condensers; (c) operating head on pumps under various river-level conditions; (d) size, type, and arrangement of pumps and conduits. A comprehensive model-test program was carried out to solve certain pump, circulating-water-discharge, and condenser problems, the results of which are reported.
Comparative Characteristics of Fixed- and Adjustable-Blade Axial-Flow Pumps
Authors: Scoville J. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper compares the hydraulic characteristics of the fixed- and adjustable-blade type of pump. Certain advantages of the adjustable-blade design are enumerated. In it is described a large unit installed in the Traicao pumping plant of the Sao Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company. The method used in making model cavitation tests is outlined.
The Flow of a Flashing Mixture of Water and Steam Through Pipes
Authors: Benjamin M. W. , Miller J. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a method of designing piping to carry a Hashing mixture of water and steam. An example of such piping is the cascade drain lines between feedwater heaters. The flow formula is based on a thermodynamic analysis of the problem, and the necessary coefficients of friction have been determined from tests. Calculations indicate the possibility of a critical-pressure condition at the end of a pipe carrying a flashing mixture. Each of the drain lines included in the study exhibited this phenomenon. The paper also includes a discussion of erosion of elbows in pipe lines carrying a flashing mixture, and suggests designs for minimizing or preventing failures from this cause. A criterion for predicting the comparative life of different sizes of pipes for a given line carrying a flashing mixture is set up on the basis of the total force on the elbows due to the momentum of the flowing fluid. An example of the application of the proposed flow formula to an actual design case is given in the Appendix.