bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial insemination in beef cow practice
Authors: Van Boening Jeremy 
Published: February 2023

Even after a severe drought and a few very challenging years, there is still close to 30 million beef cows in the United States. It is estimated that less than 5% of producers are utilizing an AI program in their herds. Accordingly, there are about 4.1 million replacement heifers in the US with around 15% utilizing AI. The percentage of heifers being bred using AI is on the rise, and will continue to rise as we begin to rebuild the nation’s beef herd. With only 3 to 5% of herds utilizing AI across the United States, there is tremendous room for growth of these services.
We’ve seen the price of bulls go up exponentially over the past few years. The price of an AI program hasn’t changed that much. Semen prices and synchronization drugs have increased by less than 5%. It’s a lot easier to talk to producers about an AI program now than it has ever been in the past. I believe the veterinarian is the person best suited to offer the most complete services. From genetics consultation to synchronization programs to arm service to all the associated services, artificial insemination has the potential to be a profit driver for any bovine-associated veterinary practice.
Injuries and illnesses in performance-age bucking bulls
Authors: Smith J. S. , Angelos J. A. , Chigerwe M. 
Published: February 2023

Over the past 2 decades, bull riding has emerged as a growing stand alone industry of domestic and international interest. Currently no studies have evaluated commonly diagnosed injuries and diseases of bucking and rodeo bulls.
The purpose of this study was to describe injuries and disease conditions diagnosed in performace bucking bulls presented to a veterinary medical teaching hospital.
Benefits of intrauterine treatment with cephapirin in dairy cows with endometritis
Authors: Tison N. , Bouchard E. , Lefebvre R. C. 
Published: February 2023

Reproductive performance of dairy cows (Sheldon et al, 2006) and farm economic efficiency (Bartlett et al, 1986, Drillich et al, 1994, Guard et al, 1994) are related to the health status of the uterus at the end of the voluntary waiting period. Uterine diseases affect about half of dairy cows in the postpartum period (Klucinski et al, 1990, Leblanc et al, 2008) and cause infertility by disrupting uterine and ovarian functions (William et al, 2005).
The hypothesis of the current study was that treatment with antibiotic would improve uterine health and reproductive efficiency in dairy cows with uterine infection. The objective was to assess the efficacy of cephapirin intrauterine treatment preceding a timed Al protocol in lactating cows with purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and cytological endometritis (CYT).
Nebulization therapy in small ruminants, 21 cases
Authors: Smith J. S. , Heller M. C. , Angelos J. A. 
Published: February 2023

Nebulization therapies are commonly used in humans and small animals. Currently there are published reports on nebulization therapy in horses and calves, but no studies describing this therapy have been reported in small ruminants.
The objectives of this study were to identify the agents and dosages utilized for nebulization therapy in small ruminants at a university teaching hospital. Additional objectives were to describe outcomes vs non-nebulized cases and report any complications arising from therapy.
Leadership for the farm business
Authors: Milligan Robert A. 
Published: February 2023

Veterinary practices and all organizations are experiencing challenges in attracting and retaining employees. At the same time research increasingly reveals that most employee management practices are wrong. Most simply stated, we have tried to manage employees when, in fact, people - employees - are fully capable of managing themselves.
A revised definition of business success is required to truly recognize the role of people in organizations. The fundamentals of business remain crucial; however, to optimize success, all businesses must also be healthy. A healthy organization has high productivity, low turnover, high morale and job satisfaction, minimal confusion, and minimal politics (often referred to as "drama").
Research on human behavior and brain function sheds great light on employee motivation and a healthy business. Employees are productive, engaged, and passionate when their psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence are fulfilled. Autonomy is our human need to have choices. Relatedness is our need to care about and be cared about. Competence is our need to feel effective at meeting everyday challenges and opportunities.
Five skills to increase autonomy, relatedness and competence are active listening, vision, clarity, quality feedback, and continuing growth. Providing these increases the motivation, productivity, and retention of staff.
Randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of a more liberal milk allowance in the days after birth on the health and growth of pre-weaned dairy calves
Authors: Knauer W. A. , Godden S. M. , Sorg J. , McGuirk S. M. 
Published: February 2023

While the level of milk intake from birth to weaning is positively associated with pre-weaning health, growth, and improved milk production in the adult dairy cow, producers are still reluctant to offer large volumes of milk during the first week or two of life due to concerns that increasing the daily allowance too quickly may cause nutritional (milk) scours. However, recent observational studies have reported a positive association between levels of milk consumption in the first days of life and future health events. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of offering a more liberal volume of milk immediately from day 1 of life, as compared to a traditional ramp-up program. We hypothesized that calves offered more milk early in life would not experience more scours, but rather would experience improved health and growth as compared to calves that were slowly ramped up in their daily milk allowance over a period of 7 - 14 days.
Bulls as a source of bovine leukemia virus during natural breeding
Authors: Benitez O. J. , Roberts J. , Norby B. , Bartlett P. , Maeroff J. E. , Grooms D. L. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine leukosis is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder in cattle caused by the deltaretrovirus, bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Most BLV infected animals remain asymptomatic and act as carriers of the virus; 30 to 40% of infected cattle develop a persistent lymphocytosis, while less than 5% progress to lymphosarcoma. The major route of virus transmission is believed to be iatrogenic through procedures that permit the transfer of blood between cattle. Proviral DNA has been identified in nasal secretions, saliva, semen, and smegma. Natural transmission through these secretions has not been clearly demonstrated. Our research group has identified the use of bulls in dairy herds as a risk factor for BLV infection at the herd level, and has also shown a high prevalence ( 45%) of infected beef bulls in Michigan. Natural service is still used in half of dairy operations across the US, and is the most commonly used breeding method (approximately 90%) in beef cattle herds in the US. Given these factors, there may be risk of BLV transmission during natural breeding via smegma or blood transfer following trauma to the penis, vulva, and vagina. The overall goal of our research team is to develop cost effective strategies to reduce the transmission of BLV in cattle herds. The objective of this study is to assess the risk of BLV transmission by breeding bulls during natural breeding.
Cow-calf vaccination programs
Authors: Navarre Christine B. 
Published: February 2023

The term “herd health” means different things to different people, both producers and veterinarians. Many times producers equate a herd health program with a vaccination program. However, much more goes into preventive herd health programs than just a good vaccination program. To truly immunize cattle, they must have a working immune system at the time of vaccination. That means that we need to minimize all of the stressors that negatively impact the immune system.
Herd health programs can be divided into 6 parts: nutrition; parasite control; biosecurity; vaccinations; genetics; and stress management. A good analogy is a 6-strand barbed wire fence. You need all the strands intact to keep cattle in. The more strands that are broken, the higher the risk of cattle escaping. All 6 parts of a herd health program are important. We can’t pick only the ones that are easy or cheap.
It is most cost-effective to personalize each herd health/vaccination program. Many ranches don’t need every vaccine available, and in some cases recommendations don’t fit the business model of the ranch. “Cookbook” programs are a good place to start, but should be tailored to each ranch.
Uterine health problems
Authors: Thomas Mark J. , Stangaferro Matias L. , Serrenho Rita Couto 
Published: February 2023

A successful calving event and the following transition period are critically important to the future reproductive performance and productivity of the dairy cow. Although the diagnosis and treatment of uterine diseases are generally considered straightforward by most veterinarians, there are many misconceptions and a lack of data to support many of the recommended treatments. Other metabolic disorders such as hypocalcemia and hyperketonemia can further complicate the diagnosis and treatment plan.
Not only is an understanding of reproductive physiology and normal uterine involution important, but also the economic outcomes of uterine disease. The effects on milk production, fertility, risk to other diseases, and exit from the herd need to be recognized by both the dairy herd managers and veterinarians alike.
This article will review the definitions, risk factors, treatment options and economics of uterine diseases: retained placenta (RP), metritis, and endometritis.
Becoming the associate
Authors: Rooker Eric J. 
Published: February 2023

Young veterinary professionals today are often hired by practices right out of school, and unfortunately these practices often lack the skills and training to set them up for long term success. These professionals have been taught what and how to learn for the better part of 2 decades and are now expected to self-motivate, identify, and educate themselves in such a way that they can grow and develop while in practice.
These expectations often come with little to no formal guidance from the practice’s management team. Yet, these associates represent the best chance for practices to overcome the existing biases within their system and find new avenues to grow and expand. By understanding and harnessing their underlying psychology, associates can create an environment in which they can practice, identify, and excel in their own niche with, or in the absence of, qualified guidance and oversight. This psychology can then be used to create an environment of growth through pursuit of their purpose while leveraging their unique talents and routines. By educating our budding peers on the discussed self-development system, we can help them achieve their own niche by whatever definition they choose to use.
Baicalein Promotes Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Autophagy via miR-424 and the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Li Qi , Ren Jinhai 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To explore the autophagic effect of baicalein on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell
lines, HL-60 and THP-1, and miR-424, which regulates the baicalein effect on HL-60 and THP-1 in
which autophagy was observed.

Methods:
The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the optimal concentration of baicalein
in the HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines. miR-424 was detected by qPCR. The influence of baicalein on the
autophagy of the HL-60 and THP-1 cells was demonstrated by detecting the expression of Beclin-1, LC3-
I, and LC3-II using western blot. The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/PI3K/AKt/mTOR pathways
were determined by western blot.

Results:
The optimum concentration of baicalein used and the time of treatment in the HL-60 and THP-1
cell lines were 40 μM and 48 hours, respectively. The expression of miR-424 in the baicalein-treated cells
was lower than that in the blank group both in the HL-60 cells and THP-1 cells. The expression of PTEN
was promoted by baicalein. However, baicalein inhibited PI3K expression, mTOR phosphorylation, and
AKT phosphorylation in the two cell lines. LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ, which is the biomarker for autophagy, increased
after the cells were treated with baicalein. The baseline expression also increased after the cells were
treated with baicalein.

Conclusion:
Baicalein could promote the autophagy of the HL-60 and THP-1 cells via miR-424 and the
PTEN/ PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
A Review on ZnO-based Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Chawla Urvashi , Dahiya David , Kumar Yogesh , Bala Anu , Genwa Mahaveer , Agasti Nityananda , Tandon Sanjay , Singh Surinder P. , Meena P. L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract::
Cancer is the most malignant chronic disease worldwide, with a high mortality rate. It can be
treated with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, but these techniques have
several side effects, limiting their therapeutic outcome and reducing application. Recently, a promising
method of drug delivery has been devised to minimize side effects and induce potential benefits during
treatment. The targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) is one of the established drug delivery methods
using nanoparticles, crossing different biological barriers, targeting a specific diseased site, and resulting
in sustained drug release. The current research introduces a plethora of nanoparticles that can be implemented to deliver or target drugs to a particular site, such as polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA, PLA, chitosan), metal-based nanoparticles (gold, iron oxide), carbon-based nanoparticles (CNTs, graphene), bio
nanoparticles (liposomes, micelles) and ceramic nanoparticles (mesoporous-based silica, calcium phosphate). Most of them are proven to be very efficient in targeting the desired site and causing fatal damage
to the tumor cells. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a nano compound, that shows a wide range of favorable properties,
making it widely acceptable for biomedical applications. This review focuses on TDDS using ZnO as a
drug carrier, followed by factors affecting TDDS such as drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, cell viability, and zeta potential. The target mechanism of TDDS for cancer therapy has also been discussed,
indicating a better alternative for clinical treatment. This approach also presents certain challenges besides
the potential for oncology.
Hsa_Circ_0000021 Sponges miR-3940-3p/KPNA2 Expression to Promote
Cervical Cancer Progression
Authors: Zeng Qingyuan , Feng Kun , Yu Yang , Lv Yumei 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have a vital role in the occurrence of numerous cancers. However, its function and pattern of expression in cervical cancer (CC) remain unclear. This research aims to investigate the hsa_circ_000002’s regulatory mechanism in CC.

Methods:
Hsa_circ_0000021, miR-3940-3p, and KPNA2 expression levels were estimated through qRT-PCR. Nuclear/cytoplasmic separation was conducted to find the subcellular location of hsa_circ_0000021. Western blot was done to estimate the levels of KPNA2 protein. CCK-8, BrdU, wound healing, transwell, and tumor xenograft assays were performed to study how hsa_circ_0000021/miR-3940-3P/KPNA2 function affect CC. Hsa_circ_0000021’s targeting relationships with miR-3940-3p and KPNA2 were ascertained through RIP and luciferase experiments.

Results:
Hsa_circ_0000021 and KPNA2 were overexpressed and inversely associated with the levels of miR-3940-3p in CC. Knocking down either hsa_circ_0000021 or KPNA2 repressed the growth of CC tumors as well as the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CC cells. Silencing miR-3940-3p promoted the malignant proliferation of CC cells. Regarding its mechanism, hsa_circ_0000021 affected the malignant CC cell proliferation via the sponging of miR-3940-3p, which targeted KPNA2.

Conclusion:
Hsa_circ_0000021 regulates the miR-3940-3p/KPNA2 axis to promote CC occurrence. This potentially is a novel target for CC treatment.
Adolescents’ Well-being While Using a Mobile Artificial Intelligence–Powered Acceptance Commitment Therapy Tool: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Vertsberger Dana , Naor Navot , Winsberg Mirène 
Published: February 2023

Background
Adolescence is a critical developmental period to prevent and treat the emergence of mental health problems. Smartphone-based conversational agents can deliver psychologically driven intervention and support, thus increasing psychological well-being over time.

Objective
The objective of the study was to test the potential of an automated conversational agent named Kai.ai to deliver a self-help program based on Acceptance Commitment Therapy tools for adolescents, aimed to increase their well-being.

Methods
Participants were 10,387 adolescents, aged 14-18 years, who used Kai.ai on one of the top messaging apps (eg, iMessage and WhatsApp). Users’ well-being levels were assessed between 2 and 5 times using the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index questionnaire over their engagement with the service.

Results
Users engaged with the conversational agent an average of 45.39 (SD 46.77) days. The average well-being score at time point 1 was 39.28 (SD 18.17), indicating that, on average, users experienced reduced well-being. Latent growth curve modeling indicated that participants’ well-being significantly increased over time (β=2.49; P<.001) and reached a clinically acceptable well-being average score (above 50).

Conclusions
Mobile-based conversational agents have the potential to deliver engaging and effective Acceptance Commitment Therapy interventions.
GARCINIA COWA ROXB. ETHANOL EXTRACT INHIBITS INFLAMMATION IN LPS-INDUCED RAW 264.7 MACROPHAGES
Authors: DEWI IRENE PUSPA , WAHYUNI FATMA , ALDI YUFRI , DACHRIYANUS  
Published: February 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Garcinia cowa Roxb. Ethanol (EGC) extract in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 macrophages by observing the release of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Methods: Using the MTT method, a cell viability assay was performed to observe the cytotoxic effect on Raw 264.7 macrophages. For 24 h, Raw 264.7 macrophages were incubated with various EGC concentrations (100, 50, 10, 1 and 0.1 µg/ml). The medium was taken out after 48 h of incubation, and 100 µl of MTT 0.5 mg/ml was then added. 100 µl DMSO was used to dissolve the crystals and absorbance was measured using a microplate reader. To investigate the activity of EGC to LPS-induced Raw 264.7 macrophages, the ELISA method was used. Supernatant was obtained after treating Raw 264.7 macrophages with complete medium, EGC samples, and LPS (10 g/ml) for 24 h. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were assessed using supernatants with ELISA kit.
Results: Cytotoxic effect of EGC to Raw 264.7 macrophages occurred at a concentration of 100 µg/ml with the cell viability value of 59.5%. At a concentration of 50 µg/ml, no cytotoxic effect occurred and the cell viability value was 105.5%. So, the higher concentration of EGC used for further investigation is 50 µg/ml. It was shown that the production of IL 6 was suppressed by EGC at a concentration of 12.5 µg/ml. The inhibition of TNF-α production was only seen at the concentration of 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml; there was an increase of TNF-α production.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that EGC can be developed as a natural immunomodulator that can inhibit inflammation by suppressing IL-6 production to prevent immune system disorders.
The ‘fintech revolution’ is here! The disruptive impact of fintech on retail financial practices
Authors: Tan Gordon Kuo Siong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFintech is celebrated for its disruptive and democratizing qualities that dis/reintermediates the finance value chain. Claims of a ‘fintech revolution’ assume that fintech is ‘disruptive’ because of its innovative capabilities, but the extent to which these disruptive forces have reconfigured consumer financial knowledge and practices is not well understood. Using a questionnaire to survey retail consumers in Singapore on their use of fintech in performing different financial tasks, this article critically examines these claims of disruption and democratization by grounding them in the financial behaviors of consumers as informed by a financial ecologies approach. The results show a limited impact of fintech in shaping consumer financial behaviors. Respondents use fintech mainly for basic transactional purposes like making mobile payments and account management, but not so much for more complex matters like savings, investing and credit. The findings also reveal a ‘stickiness’ in financial behaviors that emphasizes the high touch points of human interaction. This study illustrates fintech's variegated material outcomes by highlighting the unevenness in consumption of digital financial services and the enduring importance of human relationality in financial decision making.
Violence as Surrealist Play in Angela Carter's Shadow Dance
Authors: Watz Anna Fruchart 
Published: February 2023

Honeybuzzard, one of the main characters of Angela Carter’s début novel Shadow Dance (1966), has been described by one critic as playing like a big cat, tirelessly and cruelly; “anything and anyone is fair game” (Sage 11). Honeybuzzard has organised his life completely in accordance with the play impulse, and he is not interested in anything structured by rational behaviour, work or profit. He is engaged in a constant process of making the Pleasure Principle triumph over the Reality Principle as he acts according to his capricious desires, which will turn increasingly violent and destructive as the narrative spirals towards its transgressive dénouement.Honeybuzzard’s violence can possibly be read as “a kind of (anti-)morality play which aims to undermine through exaggeration” (Gamble 54), but I think this reading does not fully acknowledge the subversive potential of his playful behaviour. In this paper, I propose to read Honeybuzzard’s nihilist play through the prism of surrealism – a movement itself known for its proliferating playfulness as well as its self-professed subversive aims.
Local Explanations: Editing a Sense of Place in Walter Scott’s Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
Authors: Macrae Lucy 
Published: February 2023

This essay examines Walter Scott’s engagement with concepts of place and regionality in the ballad collection Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802-3), revealing ways in which the editor represented and re-imagined the ballads, their associated sense of place and their physical settings.
Becoming Origin(al): Deterritorialization and Postcolonial Theory from the Caribbean
Authors: Brown William Christopher 
Published: February 2023

"Becoming Origin(al)" alludes to Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's idea of "becoming minor" in Kafka: Toward a Theory of Minor Literature. This article will discuss Deleuze and Guattari's ideas in full, but the article will first set out to provide a context for thinking about postcolonial theory in relation to the Caribbean, with specific reference to Edouard Glissant's Caribbean Discourse and Jean Bernabé, Patrick Chamoiseau, and Raphaël Confiant's In Praise of Creoleness.
Timeless and (Un)original : the Role of Gossip in R.K. Narayan's The Man-Eater of Malgudi and The Painter of Signs
Authors: Peacock James 
Published: February 2023

Tropes of gossip underline much of R.K. Narayan's work and they assume particular significance, I shall argue, in The Man-Eater of Malgudi (1961) and The Painter of Signs (1977), in which they interleave with, and describe an oppositional paradigm to, the processes of printing and sign writing.