bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating conformal capacity using asymptotic matching
Authors: Miyoshi Hiroyuki , Crowdy Darren G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Conformal capacity is a mathematical quantity relevant to a wide range of physical and mathematical problems and recently there has been a resurgence of interest in devising new methods for its computation. In this paper we show how ideas from matched asymptotics can be used to derive estimates for conformal capacity. The formulas derived here are explicit, and there is evidence that they provide excellent approximations to the exact capacity values even well outside the expected range of validity.
Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate enhances intestinal immunity by Th17/Treg immune response in piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge
Authors: Liu Guang M , Lu Jia J , Sun Wei X , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Chen Xiao L , Tian Gang , Cai Jing Y , Zhang Rui N , Wang Jing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is important for improving intestinal and systemic immune function. This study aimed to explore whether AKG enhances gut immunity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets by modulating the immune-related helper T cells 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) balance pathway. A 2 × 2 factor design was used on 24 pigs, with the major factors being diet (basal diet or 1% AKG diet) and immunological challenge (saline or LPS). Piglets were fed with a basal or AKG diet for 21 d and then received intraperitoneal injection of LPS or saline. The results demonstrated that AKG supplementation enhanced growth performance compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.05). AKG improved the ileal morphological structure (P &lt; 0.01). Finally, AKG supplementation increased interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor beta-1, forkhead box P3, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 genes expression whereas decreasing IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-17, IL-21, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and rar-related orphan receptor c genes expression (P &lt; 0.05). These findings suggested that dietary AKG can improve the growth performance of piglets. Meanwhile, dietary AKG can alleviate LPS-induced intestinal inflammation through Th17/Treg immune response signaling pathway.
Establishment and characterization of an immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cell line
Authors: Meng Sudan , Wang Y uexin , Wang Shuai , Qian Weifeng , Shao Qi , Dou Mengying , Zhao Shujuan , Wang Jianguo , Li Mengyun , An Yongsheng , He Lei , Zhang Cai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Primary bovine intestinal epithelial cells (PBIECs) are an important model for studying the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of diseases affecting the bovine intestine. It is difficult to obtain and grow PBIECs stably, and their short lifespan greatly limits their application. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create a cell line for exploring the mechanisms of pathogen infection in bovine intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. We isolated and cultured PBIECs and established an immortalized BIEC line by transfecting PBIECs with the pCI-neo-hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) recombinant plasmid. The immortalized cell line (BIECs-21) retained structure and function similar to that of the PBIECs. The marker proteins characteristic of epithelial cells, cytokeratin 18, occludin, zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), E-cadherin and enterokinase, were all positive in the immortalized cell line, and the cell structure, growth rate, karyotype, serum dependence and contact inhibition were normal. The hTERT gene was successfully transferred into BIECs-21 where it remained stable and was highly expressed. The transport of short-chain fatty acids and glucose uptake by the BIECs-21 was consistent with PBIECs, and we showed that they could be infected with the intestinal parasite, Neospora caninum. The immortalized BIECs-21, which have exceeded 80 passages, were structurally and functionally similar to the primary BIECs and thus provide a valuable research tool for investigating the mechanism of pathogen infection of the bovine intestinal epithelium in vitro.
Meta-Analysis of Publicly Available Clinical and Preclinical Microbiome Data From Studies of Burn Injury
Authors: Horseman Timothy S , Frank Andrew M , Shupp Jeffrey W , Burmeister David M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Following burn injury, alterations in host commensal microbiota across body spaces may leave patients susceptible to opportunistic pathogens and serious sequelae such as sepsis. Generally, studies examining the microbiome postburn have had a limited sample size and lack of longitudinal data, which coupled with experimental and analytic variation, impacts overall interpretation. We performed a meta-analysis of publicly available sequencing data from preclinical and clinical burn studies to determine if there were consistent alterations in the microbiome across various anatomical sites and hosts. Ten human and animal 16S rRNA sequencing studies spanning respiratory, urinary, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal microbiomes were included. Taxonomic classification and alpha and beta diversity metrics were analyzed using QIIME2 v2021.8. Alpha diversity was consistently higher in control samples compared to burn-injured samples which were also different based on host and anatomical location; however, phylogenetic evaluation (ie, Faith PD) elucidated more significant differences compared to taxonomic metrics (ie, Shannon entropy). Beta diversity analysis based on weighted UniFrac showed that rodent specimens clustered less closely to humans than pig samples for both rectal and skin sources. Host species and performing institute were found to have a significant impact on community structure. In rectal samples, bacterial composition in pig and human burn samples included Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, while rodent samples were dominated by Firmicutes. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes increased on burned skin in each host species. Our results suggest that host species and the performing institute strongly influence microbiome structure. Burn-induced alterations in microbiome diversity and taxa exist across hosts, with phylogenetic metrics more valuable than others. Coordinated, multicenter studies, both clinical and preclinical, within the burn community are needed to more completely realize the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the microbiome for improving outcomes postburn.
Predictors and Impact of Pneumonia on Adverse Outcomes in Inhalation Injury Patients
Authors: Ronkar Nicolas C , Galet Colette , Richey Karen , Foster Kevin , Wibbenmeyer Lucy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Inhalation injury (II) is the third mortality prognostic factor for burn injury following age and burn size. II can lead to pulmonary complications such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); all of which have been hypothesized to increase morbidity and mortality in II. Herein, we aimed to identify variables associated with the risk of developing pneumonia and to determine the impact of pneumonia on selected II outcomes. De-identified data from the Prospective Inhalation Study titled Inhalation Injury Scoring System to Predict Inhalation Injury Severity (ISIS) were used. II was confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Demographics, injury, and hospital course information were recorded. P &lt; .05 was considered significant. One hundred subjects were included. On univariate analysis, pneumonia was associated with burn severity, race, and receipt of colloid during the first 24 hours. Patients who developed pneumonia spent more time on a ventilator, had longer hospitalizations (LOS) and were more likely to need a tracheostomy. On multivariate analysis, total number of ventilator days was associated with pneumonia (Odd ratio (OR) = 1.122 [1.048–1.200], P = .001). Both pneumonia and receipt of colloid were predictive of increased ventilator days (OR = 2.545 [1.363–4.753], P &lt; .001 and OR = 2.809 [1.548–5.098], P &lt; .001, respectively). Pneumonia was not an independent predictor of LOS, ARDS, or mortality. Pneumonia remains a high-risk complication associated with two times more ventilator days in II. Future research should focus on prevention of pneumonia and the relationship between colloid fluids and pneumonia and early ventilator liberation in II patients.
Radiation dose, schedule, and novel systemic targets for radio-immunotherapy combinations
Authors: Karapetyan Lilit , Iheagwara Uzoma K , Olson Adam C , Chmura Steven J , Skinner Heath K , Luke Jason J 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy combinations are being investigated to expand the benefit of immune checkpoint blockade across many cancer types. Radiation combinations, in particular using stereotactic body radiotherapy, are of keen interest because of underlying mechanistic rationale, safety, and availability as a standard of care in certain cancers. In addition to direct tumor cytotoxicity, radiation therapy has immunomodulatory effects such as induction of immunogenic cell death, enhancement of antigen presentation, and expansion of the T-cell receptor repertoire as well as recruitment and increased activity of tumor-specific effector CD8+ cells. Combinations of radiation with cytokines and/or chemokines and anti-programmed death 1 and anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 therapies have demonstrated safety and feasibility, as well as the potential to improve long-term outcomes and possibly induce out of irradiated field or abscopal responses. Novel immunoradiotherapy combinations represent a promising therapeutic approach to overcome radioresistance and further enhance systemic immunotherapy. Potential benefits include reversing CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and reversing M2 macrophage polarization as well as decreasing levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β. Here, we discuss current data and mechanistic rationale for combining novel immunotherapy agents with radiation therapy.
Simulation of unconfined seepage in soil–rock mixture slope by virtual element method
Authors: Sun Yinghao , Yi Qi , Wang Jiao , Sun Guanhua , Lin Shan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The virtual element method (VEM) is commonly used in engineering due to its ability to solve arbitrary node meshes. In this study, we propose a method to determine the free surface of the unconfined seepage problem in soil–rock mixtures slope using the advantages of the VEM. By cutting meshes in the iteration, our method overcomes the limitation of fixed mesh in solving the free surface, and the numerical tests confirm the accuracy of the proposed method in predicting the location of the seepage surface. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the presence of rock blocks significantly impacts the unconfined seepage behavior of soil–rock mixtures slope, revealing the importance of considering rock blocks in the analysis of such systems.
Variations in pollinator-mediated selection of floral traits across flowering times
Authors: Cha Yong-Peng , Zhang Jie , Ma Yin-Mei , Tong Zhao-Li , Wu Yun , Luo Lun , Li Qing-Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Spatiotemporal variations in plant–pollinator interactions drive floral evolution and shape the diversity of flowers in angiosperms. However, the potential role of plant–pollinator interactions in driving floral differentiation across flowering times within a population has not been documented. In this study, we aimed to quantify the variations in pollinator-mediated selection of floral traits across different flowering times of Primula sikkimensis (an entomophilous plant) in two natural populations. The results demonstrated that plants were shorter and produced fewer flowers with larger sizes in the early flowering time than in the late flowering time. In early flowering time, pollinator types were fewer and visitation frequency was lower than in late flowering time, resulting in lower female fitness. Pollinator-mediated selection of floral traits varied with flowering time, and more floral traits received pollinator-mediated selection during early flowering time. These results highlight that temporal variation in plant–pollinator interactions may have a potential role in driving floral diversification within the population.
A complex presentation and successful management of fistulizing perianal Crohn’s disease extending to the mid-back
Authors: Vazquez Christopher , Kodia Karishma , Giri Bhuwan , Paluvoi Nivedh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fistulizing perianal disease is a debilitating complication present in nearly half of all patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. The majority of anal fistulas arising in these patients are complex. Treatment can be challenging with therapy often requiring both medical and surgical interventions with differing levels of symptomatic relief. Fecal diversion is an option after medical and surgical modalities have been exhausted but demonstrates limited efficacy. Complex perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease is inherently morbid and can be difficult to manage. We present a case of a young male with Crohn’s, severe malnutrition and multiple perianal abscess with extensive fistula tracts up to his back; a planned fecal diversion was instituted to control sepsis and allow for wound healing and optimize medical therapy.
Treatment of talus osteochondral defects with arthroscopy debridement and bone marrow concentrate: a 6-month follow-up case report study
Authors: Mitev Konstantin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Talus osteochondral defects are a common cause of ankle pain and disability, and require prompt and effective treatment to prevent further damage and improve function. While surgical interventions, such as arthroscopy debridement and bone marrow concentrate therapy, have been used separately to treat these injuries, their combination may offer synergistic benefits. A 28-year-old male patient presented with a history of ankle pain and difficulty with weight-bearing activities. Post-operatively, the patient reported significant improvement in pain and function.
Extending donor criteria: successful lung transplantation post ex vivo back table donor pulmonary artery thrombolysis
Authors: Jacob Samuel , Garg Pankaj , Ahmed Magdy El-Sayed , Makey Ian A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pulmonary embolization in donor lungs is a common finding and found in up to 38% of cases. To expand the pool of organs, transplant centers now utilize lungs, from increased risk donors, that may have pulmonary embolic disease. Modalities of clearing pulmonary artery embolisms are critical to reduce the prevalence of primary graft dysfunction post transplantation. There have been anecdotal cases of pulmonary embolectomy pre and post organ procurement or in vivo and ex vivo thrombolytic therapy performed in donors with massive pulmonary emboli. We report for the first time therapeutic ex vivo thrombolysis on the back table without Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP), followed by successful transplantation.
Effect of hypoandrogenism on expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid channels in rat penile corpus cavernosum and erectile function
Authors: Liu Gang , Liu Jing , Kong Xiangjun , Xiong Wen-ju , Jiang Rui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Hypoandrogenism is a cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). Vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation are regulated by TRPV1–4 channels. However, the influence of hypoandrogenism on TRPV1–4 and its relationship with erectile function remain unclear.

Aim
To reveal whether hypoandrogenism affects erectile function by influencing TRPV1–4 expression in the corpus cavernosum of rats.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 36) aged 8 weeks were assigned to 6 groups at random (n = 6): sham operation, castrated, castrated + testosterone replacement, sham operation + transfection, castrated + transfection, and castrated + empty transfection. Four weeks after castration, 20 μL of lentiviral vector (1 × 108 TU/mL) carrying the TRPV4 gene was injected into the penile cavernous tissue of the transfection groups. One week after transfection, the maximum intracavernous pressure (ICPmax)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the content of TRPV1–4, phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS)/eNOS, and nitric oxide (NO) in penile cavernous tissue of each group were measured.

Outcomes
Under low androgen conditions, TRPV4 expression in endothelial cells in the rat penile cavernosum was sharply reduced, resulting in a decrease in p-eNOS/eNOS and NO content, which could inhibit erectile function.

Results
In rat penile cavernous tissue, TRPV1–4 was expressed in the cell membranes of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The ICPmax/MAP and the content of TRPV4, p-eNOS/eNOS, and NO end product nitrite level in rat penile cavernous tissue was markedly reduced in the castrated group as compared with the sham group (P &lt; .05). The ICPmax/MAP and the content of TRPV4, p-eNOS/eNOS, and NO end product nitrite level in rat penile cavernous tissue were markedly improved in the castrated + transfection group vs the castrated group (P &lt; .01).

Clinical Implications
Upregulation of TRPV4 expression in penile cavernosum tissue might be a viable therapeutic for ED caused by hypoandrogenism.

Strengths and Limitations
The specific mechanism of TRPV4 in ED needs to be further verified by androgen receptor or TRPV4 gene knockout experiments.

Conclusion
Hypoandrogenism may cause ED by reducing the expression of TRPV4 in rat penile cavernous tissue. Upregulation of TRPV4 expression in penile cavernous tissue can increase the ratio of p-eNOS/eNOS and NO levels and ameliorate the erectile function of castrated rats.
Inferring the astrophysical population of gravitational wave sources in the presence of noise transients
Authors: Heinzel Jack , Talbot Colm , Ashton Gregory , Vitale Salvatore 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The global network of interferometric gravitational wave (GW) observatories (LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA) has detected and characterized nearly 100 mergers of binary compact objects. However, many more real GWs are lurking sub-threshold, which need to be sifted from terrestrial-origin noise triggers (known as glitches). Because glitches are not due to astrophysical phenomena, inference on the glitch under the assumption it has an astrophysical source (e.g. binary black hole coalescence) results in source parameters that are inconsistent with what is known about the astrophysical population. In this work, we show how one can extract unbiased population constraints from a catalogue of both real GW events and glitch contaminants by performing Bayesian inference on their source populations simultaneously. In this paper, we assume glitches come from a specific class with a well-characterized effective population (blip glitches). We also calculate posteriors on the probability of each event in the catalogue belonging to the astrophysical or glitch class, and obtain posteriors on the number of astrophysical events in the catalogue, finding it to be consistent with the actual number of events included.
Lunar collision rate with primordial black holes
Authors: Caplan M E , Johnston J , Santarelli A D 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
A recent letter studied cratering during collisions between rocky bodies and primordial black holes. Hydrodynamic simulations in that work showed that ejecta blankets from these collisions are steeper because the black holes completely penetrate the target, potentially making these craters distinguishable from traditional point-like impactors. This may allow us to use lunar craters to constrain primordial black holes in the asteroid-mass window, about 1017–1019 g. In this work, we calculate the lunar dark matter flux from the Galactic halo and several models for a dark disc. We consider several effects that may enhance the dark matter flux, such as gravitational focusing on the Solar system and historical modulations due to the Solar system’s galactic orbit. We find that non-detection of novel craters on the Moon can constrain relativistic compact MACHO dark matter up to 1017 g at 95 per cent confidence, motivating a detailed search through lunar surface scans. In addition, we show that fluxes near Earth from dark discs may be significantly enhanced by gravitational focusing and that the relative velocity between the disc and the Sun can result in annual modulations out of phase with the annual modulations from the halo.
Physical conditions and extension of the coronal line region in IC 5063
Authors: Fonseca-Faria M A , Rodríguez-Ardila A , Contini M , Dahmer-Hahn L G , Morganti R 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the ionized and highly ionized gas phases in the Seyfert 2 galaxy IC 5063 by means of the Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field spectroscopy. Our analysis allowed us to detect a high-ionization gas outflow traced by the coronal lines [Fe vii] λ6087 and [Fe x] λ6375. Both emissions are found to be extended. The former up to 1.2 kpc and 700 pc north-west (NW) and south-east (SE) from the nucleus, respectively. The latter reaches 700 pc NW of the nucleus. This is the first time that [Fe x] emission is observed at such distances from the central engine in an active galactic nucleus. The [Fe vii] λ6087 emission peaks at the nucleus, with two secondary peaks at the position of the NW and SE radio lobes. The gas kinematics is complex, with the coronal emission displaying split line profiles along the radio jet and line widths of several hundred km s−1. Velocity shifts of up to 600 km s−1 in excess of the systemic velocity of the galaxy are found very close to the radio lobes and along the jet propagation. The extended coronal gas is characterized by temperatures reaching 20 000 K and electron densities &gt;102 cm−3, with the larger values associated with the regions of larger turbulence, likely due to the passage of the radio jet. This hypothesis is supported by photoionization models that combine the effects of the central engine and shocks. Our work highlights the strong relationship between extended coronal emission and the radio jet, with the former suitably tracing the latter, which in the case of IC 5063, propagates very close to the galaxy disc.
Thermonuclear type-I X-ray bursts and burst oscillations from the eclipsing AMXP swift J1749.4–2807
Authors: Albayati A C , Bult P , Altamirano D , Chenevez J , Guillot S , Güver T , Jaisawal G K , Malacaria C , Mancuso G C , Marino A , Ng M , Sanna A , Strohmayer T E 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Swift J1749.4-2807 is the only known eclipsing accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar. In this paper, we report on seven thermonuclear (Type-I) X-ray bursts observed by NICER during its 2021 outburst. The first six bursts show slow rises and long decays, indicative of mixed H/He fuel, whereas the last burst shows fast rise and decay, suggesting He-rich fuel. Time-resolved spectroscopy of the bursts revealed typical phenomenology (i.e. an increase in blackbody temperature during the burst rise, and steady decrease in the decay), however, they required a variable NH. We found that the values of NH during the bursts were roughly double those found in the fits of the persistent emission prior to each burst. We interpret this change in absorption as evidence of burst–disc interaction, which we observe due to the high inclination of the system. We searched for burst oscillations during each burst and detected a signal in the first burst at the known spin frequency of the neutron star (517.92 Hz). This is the first time burst oscillations have been detected from Swift J1749.4-2807. We further find that each X-ray burst occurs on top of an elevated persistent count rate. We performed time-resolved spectroscopy on the combined data of the bursts with sufficient statistics (i.e. the clearest examples of this phenomenon) and found that the blackbody parameters evolve to hotter temperatures closer to the onset of the bursts. We interpret this as a consequence of an unusual marginally stable burning process similar to that seen through mHz QPOs.