bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between duration of first trimester intrauterine exposure to genocide against the Tutsi and health outcomes in adulthood
Authors: Uwizeye Glorieuse , Rutherford Julienne N. , Thayer Zaneta M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesHundreds of thousands of Rwandans were conceived during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, including thousands conceived by genocidal rape. We explore whether the duration of first trimester exposure to the genocide is associated with variation in adult mental health outcomes in individuals exposed to varying degrees of genocide‐related stress in utero.Materials and MethodsWe recruited 30 Rwandans conceived via genocidal rape, 31 Rwandans conceived by genocide survivors not raped, and 30 individuals of Rwandan‐descent who were conceived outside of Rwanda at the time of the genocide (control group). Individuals were age‐ and sex‐matched across groups. Adult mental health was assessed through standardized questionnaires for vitality, anxiety, and depression.ResultsAmong the genocide only group, a longer duration of first trimester prenatal exposure was associated with higher anxiety scores and lower vitality (both p < 0.010), and higher depression scores (p = 0.051). Duration of first trimester exposure was not associated with any measures of mental health among the genocidal rape or control group.DiscussionDuration of exposure to genocide in the first trimester of gestation was associated with variation in adult mental health among the genocide only group. The lack of association between duration of first trimester exposure to genocide and adult mental health in the genocidal rape group may reflect the fact that stress associated with conception through rape persisted beyond the genocide period itself, encompassing all of gestation and likely beyond. Geopolitical and community interventions are needed in the context of extreme events during pregnancy to mitigate adverse intergenerational outcomes.
Correlated Two‐Photon Scattering in a 1D Waveguide Coupled to an N‐Type Four‐Level Emitter
Authors: Yi Zhen , Huang He , Yan Yan , Sun Lihui , Gu Wenju 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCorrelated two‐photon scattering in a waveguide quantum electrodynamics system consisting of a four‐level ‐type emitter (4LE) sidely coupled to a one‐dimensional (1D) waveguide is studied. In the two‐photon regime, scattering eigenstates of the system are constructed by imposing an open boundary condition and defining the incident state as a free plane wave, which includes a photon–photon bound state that passes through the 4LE as a composite single particle. In the multilevel system, the bound state can be tuned by the interference to generate controllable types of interactions (attractive or repulsive) and interaction strengths. Photon‐induced tunneling (bunching) in transmission and photon blockade (antibunching) in reflection are found in the system. In addition, the scattering photon pair off the system is strongly entangled in momentum space.
Enhanced tensile and barrier properties of modified LLDPE with rubbery materials and graphene nanoplatelets for packaging application
Authors: Busu Wan Nazri Wan , Yusof Muhammad Jefri Mohd , Bakar Mohammad Shafeq Abu , Akbar Adawiyah , Chen Ruey Shan , Shahdan Dalila , Zailan Farrah Diyana , Ahmad Sahrim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLinear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) is widely used in industries. It possesses remarkable characteristics such as low density, easy to process, and recyclable. However, LLDPE‐based products are known to be highly permeable to water and oxygen, thus limiting their application as packaging material. In this study, natural rubber (NR) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were mixed with LLDPE to produce thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites films as a novel, potential packaging material with the aid of liquid natural rubber (LNR) as compatibilizing agent. The formulation modification of GNP, NR, and LNR components influenced the mechanical and barrier properties of the resulting nanocomposites. The mixing methods, i.e., direct melt‐mixing and masterbatch mixing (MB) were also investigated. Apparently, tensile test for samples prepared from MB mixing method yielded better results compared to samples from direct melt‐mixing. Permeability tests of water vapor (WVP) and oxygen (OTR) demonstrated that LLDPE/GNP/NR/LNR nanocomposites films managed to reduce the permeability rate of WVP and OTR of pure LLDPE by 92.73% and 98.60%, respectively. The tortuous theory had been confirmed that the experimental data best fit the Nielsen model at aspect ratio of 20, 30 and 10, 20, 40, 200 for WVP and OTR, respectively.
Tamm Plasmon Polaritons Hydrogen Sensors
Authors: Chen Yu‐Sheng , Yang Zih‐Ying , Ye Ming‐Jyun , Wu Wen‐Hsiang , Chen Lu‐Hsing , Shen Hung‐Jung , Ishii Satoshi , Nagao Tadaaki , Chen Kuo‐Ping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTamm plasmon polariton (TPP) resonance can be excited within the stopband of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) by combining a thin metal film. When exposured to hydrogen gas, the TPP resonance feature is redshifted for the TPPs structure with palladium (Pd) on the top, due to hydrogen‐induced palladium lattice expansion. By utilizing a DBR‐side TPP structure, near‐zero reflectance can be achieved, leading to more than 3 orders of magnitude changes in reflectance compared to metal‐side TPP structure. The proposed TPP hydrogen structure enables the detection with low H2 concentration from 0.5% to 4%. Comparing to the only Pd film, TPP sensor has increased the sensitivity about 100% at visible wavelengths.
Using early extremes to place the 2022 UK heat waves into historical context
Authors: Yule Emma L. , Hegerl Gabriele , Schurer Andrew , Hawkins Ed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs global surface temperatures continue to rise, both the duration and the intensity of heat waves across most land areas are expected to increase. The 2022 European summer broke a number of temperature records where a new record daily maximum temperature of 40.3°C was reached on 19th July making it the hottest July heat wave event in the UK. This paper aims to detect and analyse historical heat wave events, particularly prior to 1927 and compare these with recent events, particularly, 2022, which featured four summer heat wave events in the UK. This allows us to understand how noteworthy historical extremes are in comparison to those in recent decades, to place modern events into historical context, and to extend the sample of extreme events. Summer heat wave events have been detected between 1878 and 2022 from long station data in the UK. Heat wave extent, duration, and intensity have been analysed to compare past heat waves to the recent 2022 heat waves. For each of the summer months at least one of the top 10 most intense events between 1878 and 2022 occurred in the earliest third of the dataset (before 1927) emphasising the value of analysing early heat events. In all detected events, the anomalous UK heat was part of large‐scale European extreme heat when examining 20th‐century reanalysis data, associated with a high‐pressure system. The 2022 July event resembles in pattern of warming and circulation some earlier events, for example, in 1925. While there is a clear trend in the monthly data and the overall frequency of anomalously hot days, heat wave activity on daily scales even in the period 1878 and 1926 is considerable and in some cases comparable to modern heat wave events in the UK. The most intense events detected led to societal impacts based on UK newspaper articles from the period including impacts on the agricultural sector, health impacts, and travel disruptions, broadly comparable to impacts from recent events.
Strategien zur Implementierung der Kreislaufwirtschaft beim Bauen mit Beton
Authors: Thiel Charlotte , Strasser Juliane , Obergrießer Mathias , Linner Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBeton ist das am meisten verwendete Baumaterial weltweit. CO2‐Emissionen, die bei der Zement‐ und Betonherstellung anfallen, müssen reduziert, Produktionsmethoden verbessert und Betonzusammensetzungen angepasst werden. Zudem steigt die Nachfrage nach Beton, während fossile Brennstoffreserven und die Verfügbarkeit von mineralischen Rohstoffen abnehmen. Hinzu kommt, dass bei der Betonherstellung neue mineralogische Phasen entstehen, was ein echtes Recycling erschwert. Die Implementierung kreislaufkonformer Strategien wie der Verlängerung der Nutzungsphase ist ein wichtiger Hebel, um Umweltwirkungen im Bauwesen zu reduzieren, und erfordert die ganzheitliche Betrachtung des Bauwerks. Besonders großes Potenzial liefern hier die digital vernetzte und modellbasierte Planung sowie die darauf aufbauende robotergestützte Fertigung der Bauteile, mit der sich leicht lösbare Verbindungen, einfach rückbaubare, multifunktionale, flexible sowie bzgl. Dauerhaftigkeit optimierte Strukturen ökologisch und kosteneffizient generieren lassen. Technisch wären bereits viele Projekte in der Praxis umsetzbar, allerdings müssen hierzu die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen verbessert und bürokratische Hürden abgebaut werden. Dieser Beitrag hat das Ziel, das Bewusstsein für den nötigen Wechsel von der Linear‐ zur Kreislaufwirtschaft im Betonbau und den korrespondierenden Daten zu erhöhen und dem Planer einfache Grundsätze für den Entwurf, die Ausschreibung und Umsetzung mitzugeben, um jetzt schon einen wichtigen Beitrag zum verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit immer knapper werdenden Ressourcen zu leisten.
An oncospace for human cancers
Authors: Aguadé‐Gorgorió Guim , Costa José , Solé Ricard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman cancers comprise an heterogeneous array of diseases with different progression patterns and responses to therapy. However, they all develop within a host context that constrains their natural history. Since it occurs across the diversity of organisms, one can conjecture that there is order in the cancer multiverse. Is there a way to capture the broad range of tumor types within a space of the possible? Here we define the oncospace, a coordinate system that integrates the ecological, evolutionary and developmental components of cancer complexity. The spatial position of a tumor results from its departure from the healthy tissue along these three axes, and progression trajectories inform about the components driving malignancy across cancer subtypes. We postulate that the oncospace topology encodes new information regarding tumorigenic pathways, subtype prognosis, and therapeutic opportunities: treatment design could benefit from considering how to nudge tumors toward empty evolutionary dead ends in the oncospace.
Falling through the cracks: Failing to identify compromised Miranda abilities for defendants with limited cognitive capacities
Authors: Tazi Kamar Y. , Rogers Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCustodial suspects must be informed of their Miranda rights (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966) prior to police questioning. Since this landmark decision, scholars have rigorously studied Miranda comprehension and reasoning among vulnerable groups including those with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, the focus on ID has left arrestees with limited cognitive capacities (i.e., LCCs with IQs between 70 and 85) entirely overlooked. The current dataset addressed this oversight using a large (N = 820) sample of pretrial defendants who had completed the Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities (SAMA). Traditional (i.e., ID and no‐ID) criterion groups were first analyzed with the standard error of measurement (SEM) removed. Second, a nuanced three‐group framework included defendants with LCCs. Results indicate that LCC defendants are vulnerable to impaired Miranda comprehension (i.e., limited recall of the Miranda warning and deficits in Miranda‐related vocabulary knowledge). Not surprisingly, their waiver decisions were often impaired by crucial misconceptions (e.g., seeing the investigating officers as beneficently on their side). The practical implications of these findings were underscored with respect to Constitutional safeguards for this critically important group, who have appeared to fall through the cracks in the criminal justice system.
Trauma‐informed care in childcare organisations to support children exposed to child maltreatment: Joint conclusions of four European countries
Authors: Dierickx Serafine , Bisagno Elisa , Varga‐Sabján Dóra , Morva Dorottya , Linde‐Ozola Zane , László Noémi , Cadamuro Alessia , Mosleh Dima Bou , Rózsa Mónika , De Fazio Giovanna Laura , Gruber Andrea , Kandāte Annija , Blom Johanna M. C. , Wuyts Dorien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrauma‐informed care is emerging as a promising good practice to recognise, treat and prevent trauma in young children. The use of trauma‐informed care in childcare organisations might have a positive impact on children who suffer from child maltreatment. The current study organised desk research and focus group discussions with professional experts in Latvia, Italy, Hungary and Belgium to assess if trauma‐informed care is known, applied or taught. The joint conclusions of the desk research and the focus group discussions demonstrated that childcare professionals currently lack the knowledge, skills and attitude to engage in trauma‐informed care. Even though they have ways to prevent and tackle trauma, these ways are often based on gut feeling or experience and are not formalised or explicitly addressed. This lack of conscious knowhow is an issue that possibly leads to underreporting of situations of child maltreatment and a lack of attuned responses to children suffering from child maltreatment. Overall, there were no training initiatives focused on trauma‐informed care for childcare professionals, which might explain why these good practices do not reach the sector.
A rare case of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II
Authors: Mamytova Elmira , Jusupova Asel , Toktomametova Anara , Karbozova Kunduz , Kadyrova Begimay , Vityala Yethindra , Tagaev Tugolbai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe describe the follow‐up of a 29‐year‐old man diagnosed with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II, including the different complications that presented since his childhood. Despite efforts to maintain an optimal quality of life, the lack of an early diagnosis led to an unfavorable prognosis and life condition.
Porous Iron‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Electrocatalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFC)
Authors: Ricciardi Beatrice , Mecheri Barbara , da Silva Freitas Williane , Ficca Valerio C. A. , Placidi Ernesto , Gatto Irene , Carbone Alessandra , Capasso Andrea , D'Epifanio Alessandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance platinum group metal‐free (PGM‐free) electrocatalysts were prepared from porous organic polymers (POPs) precursors with highly‐porous structures and adjustable surface area. A resin phenol‐melamine‐based POP and an iron salt were used to synthesize Fe−N−C catalysts with different iron contents (0.2–1.3 wt.%). Electrochemical and spectroscopical characterization allowed us to elucidate the effect of Fe content on the material's structure, surface chemistry, and electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The increase of iron content led to a specific surface area decrease, preserving the morphological structure, with the formation of highly‐active catalytic sites, as indicated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The rotating ring disk electrode experiments, performed at pH=13, confirmed the high ORR activity of both 0.5 Fe (E1/2=0.84 V) and 1.3 Fe (E1/2=0.83 V) catalysts, which were assembled at the cathode of a H2‐fed anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) equipped with a FAA‐3‐50 membrane, evidencing promising performance (0.5 Fe, maximum power density, Max PD=69 mA cm−2 and 1.3 Fe, Max PD=87 mA cm−2) with further advancement prospects.
Reversible Photooxygenation of Anthracene Carboxyimide for Singlet Oxygen Formation: Mechanistic Study and Efficient Nitrite Detection
Authors: Ni Yanhai , Fang Wangjian , Baldridge Kim K. , Olson Mark A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic endoperoxides are important sources of singlet oxygen (1O2) and their formation from polyacenes is well established. Anthracene carboxyimides are of particular interest as they exhibit excellent antitumor activity and possess unique photochemical properties. However, the photooxygenation of the synthetically versatile anthracene carboxyimide moiety has not been reported due to its competing [4+4] photodimerization reaction. Herein, we describe the reversible photo‐oxidation of an anthracene carboxyimide. X‐ray crystallographic analysis surprisingly revealed the formation of a racemic mixture of chiral hydroperoxides, rather than the expected endoperoxide. The photoproduct undergoes both photo‐ and thermolysis to form 1O2. Activation parameters were derived for the thermolysis and the mechanisms of photooxygenation and thermolysis are discussed. The anthracene carboxyimide also showed high selectivity and sensitivity for nitrite anions in acidic aqueous media and possessed stimuli‐responsive behaviour.
Monte Carlo simulation of terpolymerization: Optimizing the simulation and post‐processing times
Authors: Rego Artur S. C. , Amaral Amanda M. , Brandão Amanda L. T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations are a useful and easy way to understand a polymerization reaction process properly. However, achieving reliable results with Monte Carlo simulations can also lead to prohibitive computational times and a considerable amount of data to be processed afterward. The present study analyses the Monte Carlo simulation of a steady‐state terpolymerization process to reduce the overall computational time of the simulation and the post‐processing of its results. Different sorting algorithms (Bubble, Insertion, Selection, and Tim) and Python libraries (Joblib and Numba) were used. The chain composition distribution and the micro‐structures resultant of different scenarios were assessed by processing the simulated mechanism results. The simulation time results indicate the Tim sorting algorithm as the best to use in the post‐processing step and the Numba library as the best suited for both the simulation and the post‐processing step.
Effect of Dietary Intake on the Pharmacokinetics of the Multitargeted Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Famitinib: Results From a Phase 1 Study in Healthy Chinese Participants
Authors: Zhang Xiaoran , Shi Gexin , Li Shaorong , Rao Jing , Wen Qing , Zhao Hengli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFamitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor under clinical investigation for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, a 3‐period crossover trial investigated the effect of high‐fat or low‐fat food intake on the single‐dose pharmacokinetic properties of oral famitinib. Twenty‐four healthy Chinese participants were enrolled and received a single 25‐mg dose of famitinib malate capsule following a high‐fat or low‐fat breakfast before dosing. Blood samples were collected before dosing (0 hour) to 192 hours after dosing, and famitinib concentrations in plasma were determined with validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with the fasting condition, the geometric mean ratios for low‐fat/fasting were 98.6%, 107.7%, and 107.5% for maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) over the dosing interval, and AUC from time 0 to infinity, respectively. Those for high‐fat/fasting were 84.4%, 105.0%, and 105.1% for maximum plasma concentration, AUC over the dosing interval, and AUC from time 0 to infinity, respectively. There was no significant difference in adverse events between fasting and fed conditions, and no serious adverse events occurred during the trial. In conclusion, oral famitinib bioavailability is not affected by food intake, implying that patients with cancer do not need to consider dietary status when using famitinib. This is considered important for convenience and treatment compliance.
Real‐time evaluation of the biocompatibility of calcium silicate‐based endodontic cements: An in vitro study
Authors: Rebolledo Soledad , Alcántara‐Dufeu Raúl , Luengo Machuca Luis , Ferrada Luciano , Sánchez‐Sanhueza Gabriela Alejandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionAn ideal filling material should hermetically seal the communication pathways between the canal system and surrounding tissues. Therefore, during the last few years, the development of obturation materials and techniques to create optimal conditions for the proper healing of apical tissues has been a focus of interest. The effects of calcium silicate‐based cements (CSCs) on periodontal ligament cells have been investigated, and promising results have been obtained. To date, there are no reports in the literature that have evaluated the biocompatibility of CSCs using a real‐time live cell system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the real‐time biocompatibility of CSCs with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).MethodologyhPDLC were cultured with testing media of endodontic cements for 5 days: TotalFill‐BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS, Tubli‐Seal, AH Plus, MTA ProRoot, Biodentine, and TotalFill‐BC RRM Fast Set Putty. Cell proliferation, viability, and morphology were quantified using real‐time live cell microscopy with the IncuCyte S3 system. Data were analyzed using the one‐way repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance multiple comparison test (p < .05).ResultsCompared to the control group, cell proliferation in the presence of all cements was significantly affected at 24 h (p < .05). ProRoot MTA and Biodentine lead to an increase in cell proliferation; there were no significant differences with the control group at 120 h. In contrast, Tubli‐Seal and TotalFill‐BC Sealer inhibited cell growth in real‐time and significantly increased cell death compared to all groups. hPDLC co‐cultured with sealer and repair cements showed a spindle‐shaped morphology except with cements Tubli‐Seal and TotalFill‐BC Sealer where smaller and rounder cells were obtained.ConclusionsThe biocompatibility of the endodontic repair cements performed better than the sealer cements, highlighting the cell proliferation of the ProRoot MTA and Biodentine in real‐time. However, the calcium silicate‐based TotalFill‐BC Sealer presented a high percentage of cell death throughout the experiment similar to that obtained.
Electrical conductivity measurement using a microfluidic chip and evaluation of vsiscosity by Walden's rule
Authors: Sakamoto Kenji , Hachiya Yuriko , Kobayashi Koichiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, the electrical conductivity of low‐volume samples was measured using a prototype microfluidic chip with electrodes. We were able to show the difference of electrical conductivity in the samples of saline solution (0.9w/v% NaCl solution) with sucrose. The correlation between the electrical conductivity and the viscosity evaluated by the capillary method was shown. This correlation was shown that it is possible to evaluate viscosity based on the Walden's rule with our chip.