bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers' beliefs about standardised testing and test‐based accountability: Comparing the perceptions and experiences of teachers in Chile and Norway
Authors: Camphuijsen Marjolein K. , Parcerisa Lluís 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe global popularity of test‐based accountability appears to signal political trust in standardised assessments as valid and relevant measures of education quality. Nonetheless, research shows that educators' perceptions of standardised testing and test‐based accountability can vary significantly, as do their responses to accountability demands. Considering the key influence of teachers' beliefs on the way in which they respond to education reforms, in this article we examine teachers' beliefs and opinions about standardised tests and test‐based accountability. We analyse a comparative study on interpretations and experiences of standardised testing and test‐based accountability demands of compulsory education teachers in Chile and Norway. These cases were selected following a most‐different‐systems design approach. The data was derived from an electronic survey (n = 2,531) and in‐depth interviews (n = 41). The analysis shows how in both contexts, teachers are relatively critical about the validity, usefulness and fairness of standardised tests. This indicates lacking teacher trust in standardised testing and test‐based accountability. Still, despite similar trends, some key differences in the beliefs of Chilean and Norwegian teachers are found, which highlight the influence of the sociocultural context in shaping teachers' beliefs. By illuminating how teachers in different contexts make sense of test‐based accountability, our analysis contributes to the understanding of why the often‐reported mismatch between policy expectations and policy outcomes might occur.
Prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation boosts response vigour during reinforcement learning in healthy adults
Authors: Biernacki Kathryn , Myers Catherine E. , Cole Sally , Cavanagh James F. , Baker Travis E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 10‐Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex has been shown to increase dopaminergic activity in the dorsal striatum, a region strongly implicated in reinforcement learning. However, the behavioural influence of this effect remains largely unknown. We tested the causal effects of 10‐Hz stimulation on behavioural and computational characteristics of reinforcement learning. A total of 40 healthy individuals were randomized into active and sham (placebo) stimulation groups. Each participant underwent one stimulation session (1500 pulses) in which stimulation was applied over the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex using a robotic arm. Participants then completed a reinforcement learning task sensitive to striatal dopamine functioning. Participants' choices were modelled using a reinforcement learning model (Q‐learning) that calculates separate learning rates associated with positive and negative reward prediction errors. Subjects receiving active stimulation exhibited increased reward rate (number of correct responses per second of task activity) compared with those in sham. Computationally, although no group differences were observed, the active group displayed a higher learning rate for correct trials (αG) compared with incorrect trials (αL). Finally, when tested with novel pairs of stimuli, the active group displayed extremely fast reaction times, and a trend towards a higher reward rate. This study provided specific behavioural and computational accounts of altered striatal‐mediated behaviour, particularly response vigour, induced by a proposed increase of dopamine activity by 10‐Hz stimulation to the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. Together, these findings bolster the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to target neurocognitive disturbances attributed to the dysregulation of dopaminergic‐striatal circuits.
GPR4 in the pH‐dependent migration of melanoma cells in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Stolwijk Judith Anthea , Wallner Susanne , Heider Judith , Kurz Bernadett , Pütz Lisa , Michaelis Stefanie , Goricnik Barbara , Erl Julia , Frank Linda , Berneburg Mark , Haubner Frank , Wegener Joachim , Schreml Stephan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to its high metastatic potential, malignant melanoma is one of the deadliest skin cancers. In melanoma as well as in other cancers, acidification of the tumor microenvironment (=TME, inverse pH‐gradient) is a well‐known driver of tumor progression and metastasis. Membrane‐bound receptors, such as the proton‐sensitive GPCR (pH‐GPCR) GPR4, are considered as potential initiators of the signalling cascades relevant to malignant transformation. In this study, we investigated the pH‐dependent migration of GPR4 wildtype/overexpressing SK‐Mel‐28 cells using an impedance‐based electrical wounding and migration assay and classical Boyden chamber experiments. Migration of GPR4 overexpressing SK‐Mel‐28 cells was enhanced in a range of pH 6.5–7.5 as compared to controls in the impedance‐based electrical wounding and migration assay. In Boyden chamber experiments, GPR4 overexpression only increased migration at pH 7.5 in a Matrigel‐free setup, but not at pH 6.5. Results indicate that GPR4 is involved in the migration of melanoma cells, especially in the tumor periphery, and that this process is affected by pH in the TME.
In‐session gaming as a tool in treating adolescent problematic gaming
Authors: Nielsen Philip , Rigter Henk , Weber Niels , Favez Nicolas , Liddle Howard A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor some adolescent gamers, playing online games may become problematic, impairing functioning in personal, family, and other life domains. Parental and family factors are known to influence the odds that adolescents may develop problematic gaming (PG), negative parenting and conflictual family dynamics increasing the risk, whereas positive parenting and developmentally supportive family dynamics protecting against PG. This suggests that a treatment for adolescent PG should not only address the gaming behaviors and personal characteristics of the youth, but also the parental and family domains. An established research‐supported treatment meeting these requirements is multidimensional family therapy (MDFT), which we adapted for use as adolescent PG treatment. We report here on one adaptation, applying in‐session gaming.In‐session demonstration of the “problem behavior” is feasible and informative in PG. In the opening stage of therapy, we use in‐session gaming to establish an alliance between the therapist and the youth. By inviting them to play games, the therapist demonstrates that they are taken seriously, thus boosting treatment motivation.Later in treatment, gaming is introduced in family sessions, offering useful opportunities to intervene in family members' perspectives and interactional patterns revealed in vivo as the youth plays the game. These sessions can trigger strong emotions and reactions from the parents and youth and give rise to maladaptive transactions between the family members, thus offering ways to facilitate new discussions and experiences of each other. The insights gained from the game demonstration sessions aid the therapeutic process, more so than mere discussion about gaming.
Global net biome CO2exchange predicted comparably well using parameter–environment relationships and plant functional types
Authors: Famiglietti Caroline A. , Worden Matthew , Quetin Gregory R. , Smallman T. Luke , Dayal Uma , Bloom A. Anthony , Williams Mathew , Konings Alexandra G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccurate estimation and forecasts of net biome CO2exchange (NBE) are vital for understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems in a changing climate. Prior efforts to improve NBE predictions have predominantly focused on increasing models' structural realism (and thus complexity), but parametric error and uncertainty are also key determinants of model skill. Here, we investigate how different parameterization assumptions propagate into NBE prediction errors across the globe, pitting the traditional plant functional type (PFT)‐based approach against a novel top‐down, machine learning‐based “environmental filtering” (EF) approach. To do so, we simulate these contrasting methods for parameter assignment within a flexible model–data fusion framework of the terrestrial carbon cycle (CARDAMOM) at a global scale. In the PFT‐based approach, model parameters from a small number of select locations are applied uniformly within regions sharing similar land cover characteristics. In the EF‐based approach, a pixel's parameters are predicted based on underlying relationships with climate, soil, and canopy properties. To isolate the role of parametric from structural uncertainty in our analysis, we benchmark the resulting PFT‐based and EF‐based NBE predictions with estimates from CARDAMOM's Bayesian optimization approach (whereby “true” parameters consistent with a suite of data constraints are retrieved on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis). When considering the mean absolute error of NBE predictions across time, we find that the EF‐based approach matches or outperforms the PFT‐based approach at 55% of pixels—a narrow majority. However, NBE estimates from the EF‐based approach are susceptible to compensation between errors in component flux predictions and predicted parameters can align poorly with the assumed “true” values. Overall, though, the EF‐based approach is comparable to conventional approaches and merits further investigation to better understand and resolve these limitations. This work provides insight into the relationship between terrestrial biosphere model performance and parametric uncertainty, informing efforts to improve model parameterization via PFT‐free and trait‐based approaches.
E‐cadherin‐dependent coordinated epithelial rotation on a two‐dimensional discoidal pattern
Authors: Luo Shuangyu , Furuya Kanji , Matsuda Kimiya , Tsukasa Yuma , Usui Tadao , Uemura Tadashi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn vivo, cells collectively migrate in a variety of developmental and pathological contexts. Coordinated epithelial rotation represents a unique type of collective cell migrations, which has been modeled in vitro under spatially confined conditions. Although it is known that the coordinated rotation depends on intercellular interactions, the contribution of E‐cadherin, a major cell–cell adhesion molecule, has not been directly addressed on two‐dimensional (2D) confined substrates. Here, using well‐controlled fibronectin‐coated surfaces, we tracked and compared the migratory behaviors of MDCK cells expressing or lacking E‐cadherin. We observed that wild‐type MDCK II cells exhibited persistent and coordinated rotations on discoidal patterns, while E‐cadherin knockout cells migrated in a less coordinated manner without large‐scale rotation. Our comparison of the collective dynamics between these two cell types revealed a series of changes in migratory behavior caused by the loss of E‐cadherin, including a decreased global migration speed, less regularity in quantified coordination, and increased average density of topological defects. Taken together, these data demonstrate that spontaneous initiation of collective epithelial rotations depends on E‐cadherin under 2D discoidal confinements.
Women in public cultural organizations and their professional paths strategies: A rhizomatic approach
Authors: Góral Anna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to explore the rhizomatic nature of the professional development strategies used by the female workforce of public cultural organizations. The research problem of this study are (1) the challenges of women who work in public cultural organizations and (2) ways of dealing with them by women. The empirical material was collected between January 2021 and January 2022 through 20 in‐depth interviews with female managers of public cultural organizations in Poland. The findings are presented in three sections: (1) specificity of work in culture, (2) twists and configurations on the way to grow, and (3) communities. In this way, it was possible to capture the specific strategies used by the female workforce for the development of their professional paths. To illustrate the complexity of these strategies, the concept of Rhizome—a root structure that grows in unpredictable and manifold directions—developed by Deleuze and Guattari was used. It also highlighted the fact that the professional development strategies used by women develop in a strong relationship with their environment and constantly evolve according to the needs of the women who decide to undertake them. The results of the research illustrate the impact of the far‐reaching gendered nature of work in cultural organizations on the professional development of women in this sector. Moreover, this reveals that to achieve their professional ambitions, women in cultural organizations co‐create complex informal organizational constructs, rhizome‐like in structure, which help women cope with the challenges that arise along their professional paths. These findings contribute to the theory of gendered organizations and the knowledge of gender inequality in cultural organizations.
Supporting the parent‐to‐child transfer of self‐management responsibility for chronic kidney disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Nightingale Ruth , Kirk Sue , Swallow Veronica , McHugh Gretl A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs children with long‐term conditions (LTCs) mature, they are usually expected to assume responsibility from their parents for self‐management of their condition. Little is known about what supports families with this handover of responsibility, including the role of healthcare professionals (HCPs). This study aimed to explore what supports young people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to assume self‐management responsibility and parents to relinquish control.MethodsA qualitative study, using a grounded theory approach was conducted. Individual and dyadic interviews and focus groups were carried out with 16 young people aged 13–17 years old with CKD, 13 parents, and 20 HCPs. Participants were recruited from two UK children's renal units.FindingsBuilding and maintaining trust, fostering positivity, learning from mistakes, forming partnerships and individualized support, facilitated the transfer of self‐management responsibility. However, HCPs' focus on developing partnerships with young people meant some parents felt excluded, highlighting uncertainty around whether support should be child‐ or family‐centred. Although tailored support was identified as critical, aspects of local service provision appeared to impact on HCPs' capacity to implement individualized approaches.ConclusionThis study has identified what supports the handover of responsibility, and, importantly, HCPs' current, and potential role in helping young people to assume responsibility for managing their LTC. Further research is needed to explore how HCPs' involvement balances child‐ and family‐centred care, and how HCPs can adopt personalized, strengths‐based approaches to help ensure the support that families receive is tailored to their individual needs.Patient or Public ContributionPatient and public involvement was integrated throughout the study, with young adults with CKD and parents who had a child with CKD actively involved in the study's design and delivery.
Investigating confounding in network‐based test‐negative design influenza vaccine effectiveness studies—Experience from the DRIVE project
Authors: Stuurman Anke L. , Levi Miriam , Beutels Philippe , Bricout Hélène , Descamps Alexandre , Dos Santos Gaël , McGovern Ian , Mira‐Iglesias Ainara , Nauta Jos , Torcel‐Pagnon Laurence , Biccler Jorne ,   DRIVE consortium
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground: Establishing a large study network to conduct influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) studies while collecting appropriate variables to account for potential bias is important; the most relevant variables should be prioritized. We explored the impact of potential confounders on IVE in the DRIVE multi‐country network of sites conducting test‐negative design (TND) studies.Methods: We constructed a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to map the relationship between influenza vaccination, medically attended influenza infection, confounders, and other variables. Additionally, we used the Development of Robust and Innovative Vaccines Effectiveness (DRIVE) data from the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons to explore the effect of covariate adjustment on IVE estimates. The reference model was adjusted for age, sex, calendar time, and season. The covariates studied were presence of at least one, two, or three chronic diseases; presence of six specific chronic diseases; and prior healthcare use. Analyses were conducted by site and subsequently pooled.Results: The following variables were included in the DAG: age, sex, time within influenza season and year, health status and comorbidities, study site, health‐care‐seeking behavior, contact patterns and social precautionary behavior, socioeconomic status, and pre‐existing immunity. Across all age groups and settings, only adjustment for lung disease in older adults in the primary care setting resulted in a relative change of the IVE point estimate >10%.Conclusion: Our study supports a parsimonious approach to confounder adjustment in TND studies, limited to adjusting for age, sex, and calendar time. Practical implications are that necessitating fewer variables lowers the threshold for enrollment of sites in IVE studies and simplifies the pooling of data from different IVE studies or study networks.
Mechanistic modeling of lifetime distribution of SiC/SiC composite claddings
Authors: Hu Chen , Labuz Joseph F. , Koyanagi Takaaki , Le Jia‐Liang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) fiber‐reinforced SiC matrix (SiC/SiC) composites have emerged as a new material candidate for fuel claddings in light water reactors. Recent studies showed that the load capacity of SiC/SiC materials exhibits a considerable statistical variation. Therefore, reliability analysis plays a critical role in design of SiC/SiC composite claddings. This paper presents a probabilistic model for the lifetime distribution of SiC/SiC composites. The model is anchored by a multiaxial stress‐based failure criterion and subcritical damage accumulation mechanism. Based on the kinetics of subcritical damage growth, the lifetime distribution of a laboratory test specimen for any given loading history can be calculated. A finite weakest‐link model is used to extrapolate the lifetime distribution of test specimens to full‐length claddings. It is shown that the damage accumulation mechanism has a strong influence on the lifetime distribution of the cladding. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the static fatigue behavior of SiC/SiC composites. The present analysis also demonstrates an intricate length effect on the failure probability of the cladding, which is expected to play a crucial role in design extrapolation.
Experimental diabetes exacerbates autophagic flux impairment during myocardial I/R injury through calpain‐mediated cleavage of Atg5/LAMP2
Authors: Guan Lichun , Yu Ziqin , Che Zhimei , Zhang Hang , Yu Yong , Yang Dicheng , Qian Dewei , Chen Ruizhen , Yu Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo explore the role of autophagic flux in the increased susceptibility of the experimental diabetic heart to ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, we established STZ‐induced diabetic mice and performed I/R. In vitro, neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were subjected to high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation challenge to mimic diabetic I/R injury. We found that experimental diabetes aggravated I/R‐induced injury than compared with nondiabetic mice. Autophagic flux was impaired in I/R hearts, and the impairment was exacerbated in diabetic mice subjected to I/R with defective autophagosome formation and clearance. Calpains, calcium‐dependent thiol proteases, were upregulated and highly activated after I/R of diabetes, while calpain inhibition attenuated cardiac function and cell death and partially restored autophagic flux. The expression levels of Atg5 and LAMP2, two crucial autophagy‐related proteins, were significantly degraded in diabetic I/R hearts, alterations that were associated with calpain activation and could be reversed by calpain inhibition. Co‐overexpression of Atg5 and LAMP2 reduced myocardial injury and normalized autophagic flux. In conclusion, experimental diabetes exacerbates autophagic flux impairment of cardiomyocytes under I/R stress, resulting in worse I/R‐induced injury. Calpain activation and cleavage of Atg5 and LAMP2 at least partially account for the deterioration of autophagic flux impairment.
Efficacy of mechanical/physical approaches for implant surface decontamination in non‐surgical submarginal instrumentation of peri‐implantitis. A systematic review
Authors: Cosgarea Raluca , Roccuzzo Andrea , Jepsen Karin , Sculean Anton , Jepsen Søren , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of non‐surgical submarginal peri‐implant instrumentation with mechanical/physical decontamination compared to non‐surgical submarginal instrumentation alone or with placebo decontamination in patients with peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsThree focused questions were addressed, and a systematic search for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, and prospective cohort studies with definitions of peri‐implantitis and a minimal follow‐up of 6 months was conducted. The main outcome variables were reduction in pocket probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Suppuration on probing, marginal peri‐implant bone level changes, patient‐related outcomes and adverse events, implant survival, treatment success, and disease resolution were assessed as secondary outcomes.ResultsOut of 239 findings, full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 9 (n = 9 RCTs) were included in the present review. Five studies evaluated the effects of various laser types, and in four studies efficacy of air‐abrasive mechanisms and of a novel ultrasonic device was determined. At 6 months, PD reductions were observed in nine studies but only Er, Cr:YSGG laser‐treated group showed statistically significant higher reductions compared to the control group. BOP was statistically significantly reduced at 6 months in two studies following the application of Er:YAG laser compared to controls. One study reported statistically significant reduction in BOP following application of air‐polishing device compared to control treatment. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were reported for the secondary outcome variables. Owing to the large heterogeneity of study designs, no meta‐analysis was performed.ConclusionsAvailable evidence on the efficacy of non‐surgical submarginal peri‐implant instrumentation with mechanical/physical decontamination is limited by the small number of controlled studies and the high heterogeneity of study protocols. Clinical and patient‐reported benefits remain to be demonstrated.