bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solventless Amination of Lignin and Natural Phenolics using 2‐Oxazolidinone
Authors: Liu Li‐Yang , Wan Xue , Chen Siwei , Boonthamrongkit Panpipat , Sipponen Mika , Renneckar Scott 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReactive amine compounds are critical for a vast array of useful chemicals in society, yet a limited number of them are derived from renewable resources. This study developed an efficient route to obtain aminated building blocks from phenolic resources derived from nature, such as lignin and tannic acid, for enhancing their utility in applications such as epoxy resins, nylons, polyurethanes, and other polymeric materials. The reaction utilized a carbon storage compound, 2‐oxazolidinone as a solvent and as a reagent circumventing the need of hazardous chemistry of conventional amination routes such as those involving formaldehyde. Both free acids and hindered phenolics were readily converted into aminoethyl derivatives resulting in aromatics with primary amine functionality. The aminated compounds, with the potential for enhanced reactivity, can pave the way toward more advanced renewable building blocks.
Long‐term health effects of a school construction program
Authors: Rizal Muhammad Fikru , Black Nicole , Johnston David W. , Sweeney Rohan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon‐communicable diseases (NCDs) disproportionately affect people in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), yet context‐specific evidence on policies that impact NCD risk factors is lacking. We estimate the impact of a massive Indonesian primary school expansion program in the 1970s on NCD risk factors in later life using data from two surveys with very large sample sizes. We find that in non‐Java regions of Indonesia, the program led to significant increases in the likelihood of overweight and high waist circumference among women, but not among men. The increase for women can be partly explained by increased consumption of high‐calorie packaged and take‐away meals. We find no meaningful impacts on high blood pressure for either sex. Despite the increase in body weight, the program had a negligible impact on diabetes and cardiovascular disease diagnosis. It led to an improvement in women's self‐reported health outcomes in their early‐40s, but these benefits largely disappeared once they reached their mid‐40s.
Investigation on polymer design to enhance dissolution inhibition effects of photochemical acid generators for hexafluoroisopropylalcohol‐containing polystyrene in non‐chemically amplified resists
Authors: Doi Takashi , Sudo Shotaro , Shimokawa Tsutomu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the origin and mechanism of a dissolution inhibition effect of a photochemical acid generator (PAG) for a non‐chemically amplified resist based on hexafluoroisopropylalcohol (HFA)‐containing styrene (HFASt) in an alkaline developer. For the photoresist systems consisting of copolymers of HFASt/another p‐substituted St and a sulfonium salt‐type PAG, solubility tests for coating films in the alkaline developer and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and theoretical calculations for mixtures of the monomers and PAG were performed. It was found that p‐substituted St monomers with a highly polar functional group and an electron‐dense aromatic ring were effective in the dissolution inhibition. Since the interaction between p‐substituted St monomers and the cationic part of PAG was well predictable and quantifiable with theoretical calculations, which was consist well with the experimental data, the study method adopted in this study enables rational structural design of the polymers/PAG system that exhibits a high dissolution inhibition effect, which can lead to the development of non‐chemically amplified positive tone‐type resist materials usable for the formation of high‐resolution patterns.
Qualitatively recognizing the dimensions of student environmental identity development within the classroom context
Authors: Simms Wendy , Shanahan Marie‐Claire 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study qualitatively explored the process of student environmental identity development (sEID) within the highly social and structured context of elementary school science. Social practice theory was used as the lens to distinguish the dimensions of sEID that were visible during a curriculum‐based, in‐school program focused on the issue of pollution. Student narratives, collected from small group interviews and reflective journals, were prioritized to capture the process of students in context identifying as “being for the environment.” Data collected from 35 grade six students were qualitatively coded, a network diagram was used to visualize the relationships in the data, and a research vignette was constructed. Eight dimensions were recognized as contributing to sEID; the opportunity to be an environmental actor with peers, increased awareness of environmental threat, emotional responses, self‐recognition for environmental action, perceived agency, changed behavior across social contexts, social recognition for identity actions, and personal meaning. While many of these dimensions have been directly or indirectly discussed in the research on adult environmentalists, shifting the emphasis from group membership to the individual student in context led to the addition of two dimensions—personal meaning and emotional responses. Recognizing the eight dimensions of sEID is an important contribution to the literature as students engaging in environmental action as a requirement of school is distinct from the existing research. Identifying the dimensions of sEID can support the intentional design of learning sequences that foster environmental identities in school and beyond.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Exenatide Versus Metformin in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ye Zheng-Rong , Yan Can-Qun , Liao Nianchun , Wen Si-Hua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women of childbearing age, resulting in reproductive dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. While several drugs are currently approved for use in these patients, their relative effectiveness remains controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the reproductive efficacy and safety of exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, versus metformin, an insulin sensitizer, in the treatment of patients with PCOS. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, comprising 785 PCOS patients, of whom 385 received exenatide and 400 received metformin. Compared with metformin, exenatide was significantly more effective in treating these patients, as demonstrated by increased pregnancy rate (relative risk (RR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28 to 2.92, P = 0.002), greater ovulation rate (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.80, P = 0.004), decreased body mass index (mean difference =  − 1.72 kg/m2, 95% CI − 2.27 to − 1.18, P = 0.00001), and improved insulin resistance (standard mean difference =  − 0.62, 95% CI − 0.91 to − 0.33, P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events (gastrointestinal reactions, hypoglycemia, etc.) between the two therapies. However, given the moderate to high quality and possible bias of the included studies, the available evidence is inconclusive. More high-quality studies are needed to assess the effects of exenatide in order to provide stronger evidence for its use in this patient population.
Behandlung in zertifizierten Lungenzentren (DKG) – Entscheidungsfaktoren von Patienten mit Lungenkrebs
Authors: Schirrmacher Raja , Rieger Benjamin , Justenhoven Christina 
Published: March 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Hintergrund Lungenkrebs ist weltweit eine der häufigsten Todesursache. Die Einführung von Zertifizierungsprogrammen soll u. a. die krebsspezifische Mortalität senken.
Fragestellung In diesem Zusammenhang ist es wichtig zu verstehen, welche Faktoren Patienten beeinflussen, für die Behandlung eine DKG-zertifizierte Einrichtung zu wählen.
Methoden Anhand der Daten des Krebsregisters Rheinland-Pfalz wurden Charakteristika von Patienten verglichen, die in DKG-zertifizierten bzw. nicht zertifizierten Einrichtungen behandelt wurden. Der Datensatz umfasste dabei Patienten mit Diagnosestellung zwischen 2016 und 2020 (n = 8687).
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass knapp 24 % der Patienten mit Lungenkrebs in DKG-zertifizierten Krebszentren behandelt wurden. Die Wohnregion sowie das T-Status scheinen einen Einfluss auf die Entscheidung zur Behandlung in einem DKG-zertifizierten Zentrum zu haben.
Schlussfolgerung Der Zertifizierungsprozess ist komplex. Aus diesem Grund ist es von besonderem Interesse zu verstehen, welche Faktoren die Entscheidung von Patienten zur Behandlung in einer bestimmten Einrichtung beeinflussen.
Simulation of glow and arc discharges in nitrogen: effects of the cathode emission mechanisms
Authors: Tsonev I , Boothroyd J , Kolev St , Bogaerts A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Experimental evidence in the literature has shown that low-current direct current nitrogen discharges can exist in both glow and arc regimes at atmospheric pressure. However, modelling investigations of the positive column that include the influence of the cathode phenomena are scarce. In this work we developed a 2D axisymmetric model of a plasma discharge in flowing nitrogen gas, studying the influence of the two cathode emission mechanisms—thermionic field emission and secondary electron emission—on the cathode region and the positive column. We show for an inlet gas flow velocity of 1 m s−1 in the current range of 80–160 mA, that the electron emission mechanism from the cathode greatly affects the size and temperature of the cathode region, but does not significantly influence the discharge column at atmospheric pressure. We also demonstrate that in the discharge column the electron density balance is local and the electron production and destruction is dominated by volume processes. With increasing flow velocity, the discharge contraction is enhanced due to the increased convective heat loss. The cross sectional area of the conductive region is strongly dependent on the gas velocity and heat conductivity of the gas.
Thermodynamic geometry of ideal quantum gases: a general framework and a geometric picture of BEC-enhanced heat engines
Authors: Eglinton Joshua , Pyhäranta Tuomas , Saito Keiji , Brandner Kay 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Thermodynamic geometry provides a physically transparent framework to describe thermodynamic processes in meso- and micro-scale systems that are driven by slow variations of external control parameters. Focusing on periodic driving for thermal machines, we extend this framework to ideal quantum gases. To this end, we show that the standard approach of equilibrium physics, where a grand-canonical ensemble is used to model a canonical one by fixing the mean particle number through the chemical potential, can be extended to the slow driving regime in a thermodynamically consistent way. As a key application of our theory, we use a Lindblad-type quantum master equation to work out a dynamical model of a quantum many-body engine using a harmonically trapped Bose-gas. Our results provide a geometric picture of the Bose–Einstein condensate-induced power enhancement that was previously predicted for this type of engine on the basis of an endoreversible model (Myers et al 2022 New J. Phys.
24 025001). Using an earlier derived universal trade-off relation between power and efficiency as a benchmark, we further show that the Bose-gas engine can deliver significantly more power at given efficiency than an equally large collection of single-body engines. Our work paves the way for a more general thermodynamic framework that makes it possible to systematically assess the impact of quantum many-body effects on the performance of thermal machines.
Tunable continuous-wave Yb: GdCOB laser with an electro-optic crystal
Authors: Xiong Jiaxin , Deng Chunxia , Fu Xinhua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a diode-pumped tunable continuous wave (CW) Yb:Ca4GdO(BO3)3 (Yb:GdCOB) laser using an electro-optic crystal based on the 2
F
5/2−2
F
7/2 transition. The highest output power of 3.21 W was achieved at an emission wavelength of 1030 nm with a slope efficiency of 27.2% with respect to the absorbed pump power. Combined with polarization components Yb:GdCOB, the electro-optical crystal KH2PO4 (KDP) formed a Lyot filter in the cavity and compressed the available gain bandwidth. With an adjustable voltage applied to the KDP crystal, the laser wavelength could be tuned from 1024 to 1034 nm. To our knowledge, it is the first study that has realized the tuning in Yb:GdCOB laser.
Using perceived impacts, governance and social indicators to explain support for protected areas
Authors: Jones Nikoleta , Malesios Chrisovaladis , McGinlay James , Villasante Sebastian , Svajda Juraj , Kontoleon Andreas , Begley Alfie , Gkoumas Vassilis , Cadoret Anne , Dimitrakopoulos Panayiotis G , Maguire-Rajpaul Victoria , Sepp Kalev 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtected areas (PAs) are the foremost policy tool for biodiversity conservation internationally. In order for PAs to deliver desired conservation outcomes effectively, equitably, and for the long-term, they require a high level of support from local communities. A mosaic of factors have been proposed aiming to explain the level of support for PAs focusing mainly on governance indicators, perceived social impacts and social attributes, such as personal norms and values. However, these factors are often explored in isolation and in studies of small scale within the scientific literature. To cover this research gap we run a structural equation model exploring how the interconnections between these factors can lead to higher levels of support for PAs using data from 3239 local residents in 10 PAs in Europe. Our analysis shows that the mediation effects of governance indicators, such as trust in institutions and level of public engagement, are important in explaining associations between an individual’s social profile and their perceived social impacts with public support. Our findings also provide a useful and operational framework for PA practitioners and researchers illuminating pathways to increase the level of public support for a PA.
Drivers of household carbon footprints across EU regions, from 2010 to 2015
Authors: Lee Jemyung , Shigetomi Yosuke , Kanemoto Keiichiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Urban regions are responsible for a significant proportion of carbon emissions. The carbon footprint (CF) is a practical measure to identify the responsibility of individuals, cities, or nations in climate change. Numerous CF studies have focused on national accounts, and a few combined consumer consumption and global supply chains to estimate additionally detailed spatial CF. However, the drivers of temporal change in detailed spatial CF are largely unknown, along with regional, spatial, and socioeconomic disparities. Here, we uncovered the drivers of changes in household CFs in EU regions, at the finest scale currently available, between 2010 and 2015. This study mapped the household CFs of 83 macro-regions across 27 EU nations and identified the driving factors underlying their temporal change. We combined multi-regional input-output tables and micro-consumption data from 275 247 and 272 045 households in 2010 and 2015, respectively. We decomposed EU regional CF, employing structural decomposition analysis, into five driving factors: emission intensity, supply chain structure, population, per capita consumption, and final demand share. For a deeper assessment of changes in the contribution of consumption patterns, we further categorized the regional CF into 15 factors, including 11 per capita consumption categories. We found that household CF drivers vary depending on region, population density, income, and consumption patterns. Our results can help policymakers adopt climate policies at the regional level by reflecting on the residents’ socioeconomic, spatial, and consumption conditions, for further ambitious climate actions.
A Holocaust Paragon of Virtue’s Rise to Fame
Authors: Kowner Rotem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
During the summer of 1940, Sugihara Chiune (1900–1986), the Japanese consul in Lithuania, issued transit visas to several thousand Polish-citizen refugees, mostly Jews. His willingness to do so was instrumental in their departure overseas shortly after the country was taken over by Soviet forces. Almost a year later, as Operation Barbarossa unfolded, the Jewish community in Lithuania, along with the remaining refugees, was brutally annihilated. Decades later, the Israeli state memorial Yad Vashem conferred the title of Righteous Among the Nations on Sugihara, thereby initiating his commemoration as a Holocaust rescuer. Today, Sugihara has become a national hero in Japan and is considered a paragon of virtue in a number of other countries too. This article examines the way Sugihara was transformed from a completely unknown figure into a world-famous symbol of Holocaust-era heroism. It focuses on the transnational mechanisms that facilitated this transformation as well as on the divergent but often also complementary motives in three of the countries most involved in the commemoration: Japan, Israel, and Lithuania. By so doing, this article seeks to uncover the theoretical underpinning of heroism and its memory and the way they are manipulated across cultures.
2022 ASHP Survey of Health-System Specialty Pharmacy Practice: Clinical Services
Authors: Zuckerman Autumn D , Mourani Jessica , Smith Amy , Ortega Melissa , Donovan Jennifer L , Gazda Nicholas P , Tong Kimhouy , Simonson Dana , Kelley Tara , DeClercq Josh , Choi Leena , Pierce Gabrielle 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Results of the first ASHP national survey of clinical services provided by health-system specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) are presented.

Methods
A survey questionnaire was developed by 26 HSSP contacts after reviewing available literature on the role and services of HSSPs. After pilot and cognitive testing resulting in a final questionnaire of 119 questions, a convenience sample of 441 leaders in HSSPs was contacted using email and invited to participate in the survey.

Results
The survey response rate was 29%. Almost half of respondents (48%) had offered pharmacy services for 7 years or more, and most (60%) dispensed more than 15,000 prescriptions annually. Respondents most commonly (42%) reported a specialist model wherein staff are dedicated to specific specialty disease states. Over half of respondents reported providing several medication access, pretreatment assessment, and initial counseling services to patients referred to them, regardless of whether the HSSP was used for medication fulfillment. All HSSP activities were noted to be documented in the electronic health record and visible to providers frequently or always. Almost all respondents noted that HSSP pharmacists have a role in specialty medication selection. Disease-specific outcomes were tracked in 95% of responding HSSPs, with 67% reporting that outcomes were used to drive patient monitoring. HSSPs were often involved in continuity of care services such as transitions of care (reported by 89% of respondents), referral to other health-system services (53%), and addressing social determinants of health (60%). Most respondents (80%) reported providing clinical education to specialty clinic staff, including medicine learners (62%). Though only 12% of respondents had dedicated outcomes research staff, many reported annually publishing (47%) or presenting (61%) outcomes research.

Conclusion
HSSPs are a clinical and educational resource for specialty clinics and have developed robust patient care services that encompass the patient journey from before specialty medication selection through treatment monitoring and optimization.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the endangered plant Tetraena mongolica
Authors: Liu Bingru , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Ziyin , Liu Huili , Huang Xueshuang , Yang Peng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Tetraena mongolica is an endangered xerophytic shrub with high ecological value for the restoration of desert vegetation because of its high tolerance to drought and heat stress. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of T. mongolica by combining PacBio HiFi data and Hi-C sequencing technologies, which was approximately 1.12 Gb (contig N50 of 25.5 Mb) in size and contained 61,888 protein-coding genes; repetitive sequences comprised 44.8% of the genome. This genome of T. mongolica is the first published genome sequence of a member of the order Zygophyllales. Genome analysis showed that T. mongolica has undergone a recent whole genome duplication event, and a recent burst of long terminal repeat insertions afterward, which may be responsible for its genome size expansion and drought adaptation. We also conducted searches for gene homologues and identified terpene synthase (TPS) gene families and candidate genes involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. The T. mongolica genome sequence could aid future studies aimed at functional gene identification, germplasm resource management, molecular breeding efforts, as well as evolutionary studies of Fabids and angiosperm taxa.
Reclaiming Sovereignty over Natural Wealth and Resources in Tanzania: Legal and Regulatory Implications on Investments
Authors: Mwakaje Saudin J , Nyang’anyi Taragwa M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The enactment of the legislation on review of unconscionable contractual terms in various investment agreements and the assertion of permanent sovereignty over natural resources marked a significant policy and regulatory shift in Tanzania. The new legislation reopened an opportunity for parliamentary scrutiny over various existing and future investment contracts which, in the opinion of the government, contain unfair terms. The new laws have also sought to introduce a new landscape for investment dispute settlement. This article examines the legal implications of the new laws on the regulation of investments as informed by both: the national investment code and the various international investment obligations assumed by Tanzania. It offers an exploration and critique of the misguided assumption that galvanized the new enactments based on the contemporary narratives and principles of the investment law. It concludes by proposing that the new legislation should be reviewed in line with the constitutional dictates and principles of international investment law.