bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Postponements of Medical Care and Financial Constraints Among Transgender Population
Authors: Ali Asghar , Ahmed Khan Saad , Zeb Shah , Alhamdan Fajer , Saeed Ali Tazeen 
Published: April 2023

Health is a basic human need and access to healthcare is a basic non-negotiable human right. Objectives: To examine the association between postponements of medical care and financial constraints that might lead to delay in their medical care. Methods: We conducted a primary, analytical cross-sectional study including transgender individuals (n=250), using a purposive sampling technique who were registered with the Gender Interactive Alliance (G.I.A) a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Karachi, Pakistan. We assessed their demographic data by documenting age, gender, religion, income and province, in relation to access to medical care. Results: Data were obtained from 204 (81.6%) males and 46 (18.4%) females’ transgender. The mean age was 32.34 years (S.D=7.85). A Significant association was found in postponement of medical care and financial constraints, with educational status which showed that more than half (55%) were Non Matriculated (p-Value= 0.001), gross monthly income (before taxes) were between 21000 to 30000 PKR (p = 0.002) per month and half of the population were homeless (p <0.001) and it has significantly decreased their chances of access to medical care. Conclusion: Significant association found between postponements of medical care and to financial constraints in transgender population. Further studies are needed to shed light on the struggles that transgender face in medical care and to find out the solution to help those neglected individuals/section of society.
Targeted Therapies in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tanveer Fahad 
Published: April 2023

About a millions of glomeruli, or filtration units, found in the kidney linked to the tubules where water and solutes from the primary urine are selectively reabsorbed. Both the glomerular and tubular compartments are eventually affected by acute and chronic kidney diseases, but circulating substances like antibodies or cytokines frequently target the glomeruli first. A minimum of three months must pass before there are any abnormalities in renal function in order for the patient to be diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Twenty million people in the US have CKD. Despite being a major global health burden, chronic and acute kidney illness still lack effective treatments. Current treatments, like anti-inflammatory steroids, have systemic side effects and cannot halt the disease's development. Although efforts have been made to create renally pursued treatments, no such strategy exhibits yet entered the clinic. At this time, we provide a critical overview of the state of drugs and delivery methods that specifically target the kidneys [1].
Functional results fall into two categories: (i) Targeting the kidney causes the renal-to-liver ratio to rise. This is referred to as explicit targeting; (ii) the medication accumulates more in the kidneys while the kidney verses liver proportion stays the same, which allows the carrier to boost uptake generally. Overall, targeting that was focused on receptors and transporters was the most successful. The biggest task for nanoparticulate formulations is to reach glomerular cells and prevent liver accumulation [2].
Long-term contact with a carrier may be necessary to treat chronic kidney illnesses. Evidence on frequency, quantity, and application as well as the kinetics of degradation must be converted crazy about kinetic models of degradation and uptake in order to determine whether possibly lethal accumulation is to be predictable for decomposable polymers.
ANALISA MENURUNNYA PRODUKTIVITAS UDARA PADA KOMPRESOR UDARA DI ATAS KAPAL KMP. PORTLINK III
Authors: Mahendra Eka Perdana  , Dirhamsyah  , Hendra Purnomo  
Published: April 2023

Kompresor sebagai pemasok udara bertekanan ke botol angin tentunya perlu ditingkatkan perawatan dan perbaikannya secara terencana sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas udara yang dihasilkan oleh kompresor. Dalam kesempatan penelitian ini dilakukan pendekatan secara analisis kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yang bertujuan memahami situasi, peristiwa, peran, interaksi dan kelompok. Data-data yang dikumpulkan berasal dari hasil wawancara dengan beberapa informan di atas kapal, juga melalui pengamatan dan pencatatan gejala-gejala yang tampak pada obyek penelitian serta dari buku, buku petunjuk (instruction manual book) diatas kapal, dan internet. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dalam penyebab menurunnya produktifitas udara pada kompresor udara di kapal adalah tersumbatnya katup high dan low pressure valve pada kompresor, udara kotor dan mengandung uap air yang cukup banyak. Cara mengatasi menurunnya produktifitas udara pada kompresor adalah dengan melakukan pengecekan rutin pada setiap komponen kompresor seperti pada packing high dan low pressure valve.
Avatares del Sistema Cooperativo en el Perú y Propuesta para su Revaloración
Authors: Cevallos de Barrenechea Carlos Manuel Antenor 
Published: April 2023

In Peru, with the new paradigms, pressures and challenges created; it compels shapes more energetic forms need human solidarity in order to contribute to facilitate one more equitable distribution of the benefits of the globalization.
It arises then, the necessity to rescue the use of the cooperative model and the necessity and to revalue it, promoting its development, recognizing its im- portance for the use creation, the mobilization of resources and generation of investments that contribute to the economy of the country.
Lamentably in Peru, the cooperativism comes being delayed, orienting them- selves towards its extinction, although the cooperativism is connect with our incaico past pre, like ““Ayllu”.
In the world, the first cooperative in 1844 arose as a cooperative of consump- tion, with twenty eight weaverss of Rochdale who fougth to improve their wag- es, and in 1852 the first cooperative of credit of Germany organized itself.
In our reality, human solidarity in a cooperative model does not have to sepa- rate that must conserve its universal principles, but adapting them to our reali- ty, forging solid and competitive institutions, avoiding its extinction.
THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) TERMS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Kenges B. Е. , Kurmanbayuly Sh. 
Published: April 2023

The paper aims to identify the level of usage of information technology terms in the Kazakh language. Research within the fields of sociolinguistics and applied linguistics was conducted to accomplish this goal.As part of the sociolinguistic direction, a survey was conducted to determine quantitative indicators of the level of public use of terms. Representatives of various fields took part in the survey. The survey questions are based on the basic terms of the IT industry: тінтуір ~mouse~тышқан~мышка, пернетақта~клавиатура~keyboard, қатқыл диск~қатты диск~жесткий диск~hard disk, software~программное обеспечение~бағдарламалық қамтым~бағдарламалық жасақтама~бағдарламалық қамту~бағдарламалық қамтамасыздандыру. Approved terms, such as related and competing terms, were also selected.A feature of the survey is that 88.4% of the participants are native speakers of the Kazakh language. The results of the survey revealed such difficulties as: ―the level of use of terms in the Russian language is higher than in the Kazakh language‖, ―some terms in the Kazakh language are not used at all‖ and ―several variants of the same term appear and synonyms are formed‖.In the context of applied linguistics, an analysis was made of the use of approved terms in the textbook "Computer Science", written in Kazakh for grades 4 to 7. The study showed that the established terms related to the field of computer science in the termincom.kz database is not used in textbooks; instead, other terms are used that denote the same concept. Some terms in textbooks related to computer science are not covered by termincom.kz databases. Other findings include the use of certain terms concerning other industries, the primary spelling of terms in Russian, as well as the indication of terms in Kazakh in brackets. The paper reveals the extra linguistic factors underlying the identified problems and analyzes the research papers written to date related to the terminology of information technology.Summarizing the above, based on the results of the research, the authors conclude that terminologists create highquality terms, and pay attention to the use of these terms in the field of education. It is necessary to work in the direction of promoting the language of science through social networks.
LANGUAGE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CONCEPTS OF POSITIVE CHARACTER TRAITS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Baissydyk I. B. , Kuderinova K. B. 
Published: April 2023

Thе paper prеsеnts аn аnаlysis with thе аim of crеаting а complеtе thеsаurus of dеnominаtions of positivе chаrаctеr trаits in thе Kаzаkh lаnguаgе, dividing into lеxicаl-sеmаntic groups, idеntifying concеpts rеlаtеd to thе chаrаctеr to dеtеrminе thе linguoculturologicаl bаsis of dеnominаtions of thе chаrаctеr trаits. In thе coursе of study, dеnominаtions of positivе chаrаctеr trаits of thе Kаzаkh nаtion wеrе collеctеd bаsеd on publishеd works, including thе opinions аnd viеws of psychologists, tеаchеrs, philologists, thinkеrs аnd philosophеrs, аnd systеm of linguistic concеpts wаs crеаtеd. Currеntly, thе words аnd phrаsеs, provеrbs аnd phrаsеologicаl units аrе collеctеd, rеvеаling thе concеpt from thе 15-volumе "Dictionаry of thе Kаzаkh litеrаry lаnguаgе" publishеd in 2006-2013, аnd othеr sourcеs. Wе аnаlyzеd thе collеctеd vocаbulаry in а linguoculturologicаl contеxt. Thus, wе еxаminеd thе dеnominаtions of positivе chаrаctеr trаits of thе Kаzаkh pеoplе in rеlаtion to othеrs аnd to thеmsеlvеs within thе frаmеwork of linguoculturologicаl concеpts. Duе to thе volumе of thе аrticlе, wе hаvе considеrеd only linguistic rеprеsеntаtivеs of concеpts such аs modеsty, humаnity, rеsponsivеnеss, modеsty, humility, bеnеvolеncе, libеrаlity, kindnеss, gеnеrosity, dеcеncy, courtеsy, intеlligеncе, consistеncy аnd courаgе.Аs а rеsult of thе аnаlysis, it wаs found thаt thе Kаzаkh pеoplе put morе vаluе on such positivе chаrаctеr trаits аs:sincеrity, rеstrаint, prudеncе in rеlаtion to othеrs, аnd not to thеmsеlvеs, thаt in thе first plаcе is thе obsеrvаncе of еthicаl stаndаrds thаt tаkе plаcе in thе vаluе systеm, idеnticаl to systеms of concеpts in rеlаtion to thе humаn chаrаctеr, аnd positivе chаrаctеr trаits of thе Kаzаkh nаtion coincidе with spirituаl vаluеs in Islаm.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES EXPRESSED BY INTERROGATIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Yelikbayev B. K. , Koshikbayeva G. D. , Ybyrayim A. O. 
Published: April 2023

Any speech act is based on the communicative purpose of the speaker and is aimed at expressing the communicative strategy and tactics, pragmatics, and emotional and expressive point of view of the addressee. At the same time, the paper aims to determine the pragmatics of the interrogative speech act and the communicative strategies conveyed by interrogative sentences.In the course of the study, the following communicative strategies of the interrogative speech act in the Kazakh language were identified: request (exchange) of information, clarification of information, greeting, search, knowledge of another person's opinion, knowledge of someone else's intention of approval/disapproval, demonstration of one's numerous knowledge, striving for understanding, attracting attention (interest), determining the winner, request, consultation (advice), proposal, request for permission, verification, investigation, counterattack, justify, warning, refusal, accusation (reproach), ordering, forbidding, intimidation and mixed strategy. The communicative strategies used in the interrogative speech act in the Kazakh language are not limited to those listed above. Since all human language communication consists of informative, interrogative, and imperative sentences, interrogative sentences make up a quarter of these speech acts. Of course, informative offers carry a lot of weight. Nevertheless, interrogative sentences also have the great function of establishing universal language communication.The results of the study are of great scientific and practical importance in the field of pragmatics, theory of speech act, etc., which are new areas in Kazakh linguistics.
Identifying and Introducing the Soils of Faryab Province
Authors: Moqimzai Omid , Faizi Ahmad Omid 
Published: April 2023

Soil is a natural body that is located on the surface of the earth and contains various mixtures of decomposed stone materials, minerals and decayed organic materials, which provides the right amount of water, air and minerals to plants. In short, it can be said that soil directly and indirectly plays an important role in improving the living conditions of living organisms. From the point of view of a farmer, soil is the place where plants grow, which is used by humans. According to an engineer, soil is a natural phenomenon on which all buildings are built.
The purpose of conducting this research (identifying and introducing the soils of Faryab Province and determining the pH and its nature) was to inform the farmers about the soils of Faryab Province, and the nature of the soils of this province was introduced to them, and also the proper use of the soils.
The research is citation and descriptive type; Then it was analyzed in the laboratory, and as a result of the laboratory analysis and interviews, it was found that the soils of Faryab Province are among the loamy soils and its nature is sandy loam, which is suitable for growing fertile plants.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK HERBA KUMIS KUCING (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) DAN DAUN SALAM (Eugenia polyantha Wight.) PADA TIKUS JANTAN PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Ma’rah Nurul Hidayatul , Waskita Kuncara Nata 
Published: April 2023

Inflamasi merupakan reaksi lokal pada jaringan vaskular terhadap cedera yang ditandai dengan gejala seperti rubor (kemerahan), kalor (panas), dolor (nyeri), dan turgor (pembengkakan). Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi kombinasi ekstrak herba kumis kucing dan daun salam pada volume udem kaki tikus jantan putih yang diinduksi karagenin 1%.Metode pembuatan ekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Sejumlah 25 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Masing-masing kelompok diberi perlakuan secara oral dengan CMC 1% (kontrol negatif), natrium diklofenak 1,12 mg/kgBB (kontrol postif), kombinasi ekstrak herba kumis kucing dan daun salam dengan dosis 122,5 mg/kgBB : 125 mg/kgBB, 183,75 mg/kgBB : 62,5 mg/kgBB, 61,25 mg/kgBB : 187,5 mg/kgBB. Perlakuan 1 jam sebelum kaki tikus diinduksi dengan karagenin secara subplantar. Pengukuran volume kaki tikus dilakukan tiap 60 menit selama 5 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi ekstrak herba kumis kucing dan daun salam mempunyai efek antiinflamasi pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar dengan daya anti inflamasi sebesar 48.29%, 41.41%, dan 43.46%. Rata-rata volume udem digunakan untuk menghitung AUC, hasil AUC yang diperoleh untuk menghitung DAI (Daya Anti Inflamasi). Data DAI di analisis statistik dengan uji kruskall wallis nilai p=0,000 (p>0,05) dan kemudian untuk mengetahui perbedaan tiap kelompok dilakukan uji post hoc dengan mann whitney. Dari hasil %DAI menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak dengan dosis 122,5 mg/kgBB: 125 mg/kgBB memiliki efek antiinflamasi yang paling baik.
Evaluation of Some Immunological Parameters in with Men Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Al-Haddad Senan Abd Al-Razaq , Jwad Saher Mahmood 
Published: April 2023

The Aim: The study aims to the possibility of depending on some immunological criteria (monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1, MCP-3) and interleukin-18).
Study Design: The study is indicators for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and avoiding its development to advanced stages.
Place and Duration of Study: Endocrinology Center / Al-Sadr Medical City and also Al-Manathira General Hospital / Al-Najaf Governorate, their ages ranged between (30- 60) years old, and the study continued for the period from 1/10/2022 to 31/3/2023 after obtaining the consent of the two study groups.
Methodology: The study included the follow-up of (90) men, (30) healthy individuals and (60) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to periodic clinical examination ,the estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin ratio (HbA1c) and evaluation of immunological parameters represented in levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1 , MCP-3 ) and interleukin-18 .
Results: The study diagnosed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in glycosylated hemoglobin ratio, monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP-1, MCP-3) and interleukin-18 ,and in contrast to a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in men with diabetes mellitus type II compared to healthy men.
The study also showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) for the age groups on the glycosylated hemoglobin ratio and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-3), and conversely a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ,while no significant differences appeared (P > 0.05) in levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and interleukin-18. Also, a notable impact (P < 0.05) was observed for the duration of diabetes mellitus on the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1 , MCP-3 ),whereas no substantial differences appeared (P > 0.05) in levels of glycosylated hemoglobin ratio, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and interleukin-18.
In addition to the foregoing, the trial recorded a significant influence (P < 0.05) of body mass index on the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-3),while no noticeable differences appeared (P > 0.05)in, the glycosylated hemoglobin ratio , glomerular filtration rate(GFR),and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1).
Moreover, a significant effect (P < 0.05) for stages of diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed on the glycosylated hemoglobin ratio, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1, MCP-3), interleukin-18 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Conclusion: It is possible to depend on the increased levels of some immunological indicators especially MCP-1, MCP-3 and interleukin-18 as predictive biomarkers to diagnose the progression to advance stages of the diabetic nephropathy if this coincides with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.
Bio-Efficacy of Insecticide-Treated Bednets (ITNs) Distributed through the Healthcare Facilities in a Boundary Community in Nigeria
Authors: K. Ebuka Ezihe , Obi Emmanuel , C. Udoka Nwangwu , B. Chikaodili Ukonze , N. Edith Nwankwo , Nkemakonam Udezue , M. Chukwudi Egbuche , C. Peter Okeke 
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility and efficacy of three insecticidal treated bednets; Olyset®, PermaNet2.0® and MAGNet® collected from the different health facilities, against Anopheles mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. PermaNet3.0 was used as a positive control. Larval collections were carried out and reared at the insectary of National Arbovirus and Vector Research Centre, Enugu State. Anopheles Kisumu mosquitoes were used as the standard control in the cone bioassay test. The bioassay showed that the wild An. gambiae s.l. and An. gambiae Kisumu strains were susceptible (100% mortality) to the PermaNet3.0® used as positive control while the wild-caught Anopheles were resistant to the mono-treated ITNs. The mortality effect of the net brands showed that the brands have a statistically significant effect on the mosquito mortality after 24 hours F (2, 18) = 14.32, p < .001), while the sides of the net did not have a statistically significant effect on the mosquito mortality (F (3, 18) = 1.67, p = .209). This study also suggests the need to develop and adopt routine monitoring of the ITNs at the health facilities, as it will inform the replacement of ineffective nets. However, a mass campaign of PBO nets is necessary for the state to achieve and maintain the universal coverage of ITNs.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE BERBASIS ICT DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN APLIKASI KAHOOT TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN GURU DI SD DEWI KUNTI 1 TIGARAKSA
Authors: Darmansyah Ady , Laelatul Munawaroh  , Susanti Atika 
Published: April 2023

Abstrak
Perkembangan teknologi informasi sudah seharusnya diintegrasikan ke dalam pembelajaran, terlebih adanya Pandemi Covid 19 memaksa seluruh instansi tidak terkecuali pendidikan mengalihkan pembelajaran melalui online. Potensi dan kerentanan ini membuat para penggerak pendidikan termasuk dosen Universitas Tangerang Raya untuk melakukan tindakan yang dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat khususnya bidang pendidikan. Dosen Universitas Tangerang Raya melakukan pelatihan pembelajaran online berbasis ICT dengan memanfaatkan Aplikasi Kahoot. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh penerapan Kahoot sebagai media pembelajaran terhadap pengetahuan guru dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran online berbasis ICT dengan memanfaatkan Aplikasi Kahoot. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan metode kuasi eksperimen One Group Pretest Posttest. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu berupa tes. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media Kahoot berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan guru. Hasil penelitian kerjasama ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran online di SD Kunti 1 Tigaraksa.

Abstract
The development of information technology should have been integrated with learning, especially with the Covid 19 Pandemic forcing all agencies including education to shift learning online. These potentials and vulnerabilities make education movers including Tangerang Raya University lecturers take actions that can be utilized by the community, especially in the education sector. Tangerang Raya University lecturers conduct ICT-based online learning training by utilizing the Kahoot Application. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of applying Kahoot learning media on teacher knowledge in developing ICT-based online learning by utilizing the Kahoot Application. The type of research used in this study was experimental research with the One Group Pretest Posttest quasi-experimental method. The data collection technique used is in the form of a test. The results of the study show that Kahoot media has an effect on teacher knowledge. The results of this collaborative research are expected to improve the quality of online learning at SD Kunti 1 Tigaraksa.