bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local seismicity around the Chain Transform Fault at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from OBS observations
Authors: Schlaphorst David , Rychert Catherine A , Harmon Nicholas , Hicks Stephen P , Bogiatzis Petros , Kendall J-Michael , Abercrombie Rachel E 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARY
Seismicity along transform faults provides important constraints for our understanding of the factors that control earthquake ruptures. Oceanic transform faults are particularly informative due to their relatively simple structure in comparison to their continental counterparts. The seismicity of several fast-moving transform faults has been investigated by local networks, but as of today there been few studies of transform faults in slow spreading ridges. Here, we present the first local seismicity catalogue based on event data recorded by a temporary broad-band network of 39 ocean–bottom seismometers located around the slow-moving Chain Transform Fault (CTF) along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) from 2016 to 2017 March. We locate 972 events in the area by simultaneously inverting for a 1-D velocity model informed by the event P- and S-arrival times. We refine the depths and focal mechanisms of the larger events using deviatoric moment tensor inversion. Most of the earthquakes are located along the CTF (700) and Romanche transform fault (94) and the MAR (155); a smaller number (23) can be observed on the continuing fracture zones or in intraplate locations. The ridge events are characterized by normal faulting and most of the transform events are characterized by strike-slip faulting, but with several reverse mechanisms that are likely related to transpressional stresses in the region. CTF events range in magnitude from 1.1 to 5.6 with a magnitude of completeness around 2.3. Along the CTF we calculate a b-value of 0.81 ± 0.09. The event depths are mostly shallower than 15 km below sea level (523), but a small number of high-quality earthquakes (16) are located deeper, with some (8) located deeper than the brittle-ductile transition as predicted by the 600 °C-isotherm from a simple thermal model. The deeper events could be explained by the control of sea water infiltration on the brittle failure limit.
Harmonic Forms, Minimal Surfaces, and Norms on Cohomology of Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds
Authors: Han Xiaolong Hans 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We bound the $L^2$-norm of an $L^2$ harmonic $1$-form in an orientable cusped hyperbolic $3$-manifold $M$ by its topological complexity, measured by the Thurston norm, up to a constant depending on $M$. This generalizes two inequalities of Brock and Dunfield. We also study the sharpness of the inequalities in the closed and cusped cases, using the interaction between minimal surfaces and harmonic forms. We unify various results by defining two functionals on closed and cusped hyperbolic $3$-manifolds and formulate several questions and conjectures.
Characterization of vancomycin-resistancevanDgene clusters in the human intestinal microbiota by metagenomics and culture-enriched metagenomics
Authors: Brochu Eliel , Huletsky Ann , Boudreau Dominique K , Raymond Frédéric , Bérubé Ève , Ouameur Amin Ahmed , Frenette Johanne , Boissinot Maurice , Corbeil Jacques , Bergeron Michel G 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize vancomycin-resistance vanD gene clusters and potential vanD-carrying bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of healthy volunteers exposed or not to β-lactam antibiotics.MethodsStool samples were collected before and after 7 days of cefprozil β-lactam antibiotic exposure of 18 participants and six control participants who were not exposed to the antibiotic at the same time points. Metagenomic sequencing and culture-enriched metagenomic sequencing (with and without β-lactam selection) were used to characterize vanD gene clusters and determine potential vanD-carrying bacteria. Alteration by antimicrobials was also examined.ResultsCulture enrichment allowed detection of vanD genes in a large number of participants (11/24; 46%) compared to direct metagenomics (2/24; 8%). vanD genes were detected in stool cultures only following β-lactam exposure, either after β-lactam treatment of participants or after culture of stools with β-lactam selection. Six types of vanD gene clusters were identified. Two types of vanD cluster highly similar to those of enterococci were found in two participants. Other vanD genes or vanD clusters were nearly identical to those identified in commensal anaerobic bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae and/or bordered by genomic sequences similar or related to these anaerobes, suggesting that they are the origin or carriers of vanD.ConclusionsThis study showed that culture-enriched metagenomics allowed detection of vanD genes not detected by direct metagenomics and revealed collateral enrichment of bacteria containing vancomycin-resistance vanD genes following exposure to β-lactams, with a higher prevalence of the most likely gut commensal anaerobes carrying vanD. These commensal anaerobes could be the reservoir of vanD genes carried by enterococci.
Technical note: colorimetric methods for accurate determination of nutrient composition in beef cow colostrum and milk
Authors: Rathert-Williams Abigail R , Kenny Ann L , Vardhanabhuti Bongkosh , McFadden Thomas B , Meyer Allison M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Our objectives were to develop colorimetric methods to accurately measure nutrient concentrations of beef cow colostrum and milk, to determine if the yield of colostrum from a single rear quarter is representative of complete collection of colostrum in beef cows, and to compare data from our developed colorimetric methods with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to determine the accuracy of FTIR for beef cow colostrum and milk. In Exp. 1, colostral weight and volume of the most full rear quarter were compared with complete collection of colostrum from post-calving, unsuckled beef heifers. Both volume and weight had r2 = 0.85 (P &lt; 0.001) between single-quarter and 4 quarter yields. In Exp. 2, colostrum (n = 35) and milk at d 35 (n = 42) and d 60 (n = 38) of lactation were collected from multiparous, fall-calving, crossbred beef cows. Subsamples were submitted for FTIR analysis and frozen for colorimetric analysis. Colorimetric analyses were developed for lactose, triglycerides (measure of fat), protein, and urea N. To validate method accuracy, spike recoveries were determined for lactose (96.8% average) and milk protein (100.1% average), triglyceride concentration was compared with fat concentration determined by the Mojonnier method (r2 ≥ 0.91, P &lt; 0.001), and colostral or milk urea N was compared with serum urea N from the same sampling day (r2 ≥ 0.72, P &lt; 0.001). Coefficients of determination between colorimetric methods and FTIR were determined for colostrum, d 35 milk, and d 60 milk. Colostral lactose concentration from FTIR was positively associated (r2 = 0.24, P = 0.01) with colorimetric analysis, but there was no relationship (r2 ≤ 0.09, P ≥ 0.14) between methods for colostral fat, protein, or urea N. Milk nutrient composition was positively associated for all nutrients measured at d 35 (r2 = 0.28 to 0.58, P &lt; 0.001), and coefficients of determination strengthened for all nutrients measured at d 60 (r2 = 0.38 to 0.82, P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, colostrum yield of a single rear quarter can be used to indicate complete collection of colostrum for beef cows, and colorimetric methods developed have adequate accuracy for beef cow colostral and milk nutrient analysis. Based on our analyses, nutrient composition of beef cow colostrum was not accurately analyzed by FTIR. Accuracy of FTIR for beef cow milk varies with component and may be affected by the day of lactation.
Field applications of zein as a precise nanoscale delivery system for methoxyfenozide
Authors: Bonser C A R , Tamez C , White J C , Astete C E , Sabliov C M , Davis J A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhen insecticides are applied in the environment, much of the product does not reach the target pest. Biopolymeric nanoparticles as nanocarriers have the potential to improve insecticide efficacy by improving absorption, coverage, and permeability while protecting the insecticide active ingredient from abiotic conditions and extending efficacy through controlled release. We conducted a series of experiments using a biopolymeric nanoparticle synthesized from zein, a biodegradable maize protein, to compare efficacy of a nanodelivered hydrophobic insect growth regulator (methoxyfenozide) against a commercial formulation. Positively charged zein nanoparticles (empty and loaded with methoxyfenozide) were compared to the formulated product, Intrepid 2F, as a foliar spray in-field on soybean. Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) was used as a model and was fed sprayed soybean leaves to evaluate efficacy of the tested foliar products over time. A separate set of leaves was sampled to measure residue levels of methoxyfenozide (MFZ) over time following foliar application using QuEChERS extraction and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Regression analysis found no differences in mortality slopes between positively charged zein nanoparticles loaded with methoxyfenozide [(+)ZNP(MFZ)] and Intrepid 2F, suggesting comparable efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles to a commercial product. Higher concentrations of MFZ were present in (+)ZNP(MFZ)-treated in leaf tissue at 3 d following spray when compared to Intrepid 2F. The multiyear study results demonstrate that nanoparticles loaded with MFZ are comparable to Intrepid 2F under field conditions, with potential short-term benefits.
Microbial community structure in rice rhizosheaths under drought stress
Authors: Lei Zuliang , Ding Yexin , Xu Weifeng , Zhang Yingjiao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rhizosheaths can form on the surface of rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots and improve the water-use efficiency of rice under drought stress. The microbes in rhizosheaths can also offer the potential to increase the resilience of rice to future drought. However, little is known about the microbial community in rhizosheath of rice under drought stress. In this study, we compared the root traits, rhizosheath formation and microbial community in the rhizosheath under three irrigation regimes, including well-watered and drought treatments I and II. The irrigation plays important roles in influencing the microbial composition and co-occurrence networks. Drought can promote the accumulation of beneficial microorganisms in rhizosheaths, such as bacteria that are members of the phylum Patescibacteria and the Massilia, Nocardioides, Frateuria and Angustibacter genera and fungi in the genus Talaromyces. However, drought can also induce risk factors for harmful fungi in rice rhizosheaths. Our results suggest that both the rhizosheath and microbes in rhizosheath can offer the potential to improve the resistance of rice to drought. In the future, the isolation and application of beneficial microorganisms in rhizosheaths and scientific planting methods should be studied for the green cultivation of rice.
The polyhedral geometry of Wajsberg hoops
Authors: Ugolini Sara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We show that the algebraic category of finitely presented Wajsberg hoops is equivalent to a non-full subcategory of finitely presented MV-algebras. We use this connection to show how methods and techniques developed to study MV-algebras can be adapted to study Wajsberg hoops, as well. In particular, we show that finitely presented Wajsberg hoops are dually equivalent to a subcategory of rational polyhedra with $\mathbb {Z}$-maps. We use the duality to provide a geometrical characterization of finitely generated projective and exact Wajsberg hoops. As applications, we study logical properties of the $0$-free fragment of Łukasiewicz logic, seen as a substructural logic. We show that, while deducibility in the fragment is equivalent to deducibility among 0-free formulas in Łukasiewicz logic, the same is not true for the admissibility of rules: there are rules written in the $0$-free language that are admissible in Wajsberg hoops but not in MV-algebras. Moreover, we show that the unification type of Wajsberg hoops is nullary, while the exact unification type is unitary, therefore showing decidability of admissible rules in the fragment.
Interpebble contact radius in a comet nucleus
Authors: Arakawa Sota , Nishiura Daisuke , Furuichi Mikito 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the gravitational collapse of pebble clumps in the early Solar system has been regarded as a plausible scenario for the origin of comets. In this context, ‘pebbles’ represent mm- to cm-sized dust aggregates composed of (sub)micron-sized dust particles, and the structure of km-sized comets is thought to be an agglomerate of pebbles. The contact radius for pebble–pebble contacts was modelled in an earlier study; however, the pressure dependence of the interpebble contact radius was not considered. Here, we revisit the interpebble contact radius in a comet nucleus. We calculated the interpebble contact radius based on JKR contact theory, and we took into consideration the effect of lithostatic pressure. We found that the interpebble contact radius varies with depth from the surface, and the earlier model underestimated it by one order of magnitude at the centre of the comet nucleus.
Multiband optical variability of a newly discovered 12 blazars sample from 2013–2019
Authors: Jovanović Miljana D , Damljanović Goran , Taris François , Gupta Alok C , Bhatta Gopal 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTHere we present the first optical photometric monitoring results of a sample of 12 newly discovered blazars from the ICRF – Gaia CRF astrometric link. The observations were performed from April 2013 to August 2019 using eight telescopes located in Europe. For a robust test for the brightness and colour variability, we use Abbé criterion and F-test. Moreover, linear fittings are performed to investigate the relation in the colour-magnitude variations of the blazars. Variability was confirmed in the case of 10 sources; two sources, 1429+249 and 1556+335 seem to be possibly variable. Three sources (1034+574, 1722+119, and 1741+597) have displayed large amplitude brightness change of more than one magnitude. We found that the seven sources displayed bluer-when-brighter variations, and one source showed redder-when-brighter variations. We briefly explain the various AGN emission models which can explain our results.
DrosOmics: A Browser to Explore -omics Variation Across High-Quality Reference Genomes From Natural Populations ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Coronado-Zamora Marta , Salces-Ortiz Judit , González Josefa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe advent of long-read sequencing technologies has allowed the generation of multiple high-quality de novo genome assemblies for multiple species, including well-known model species such as Drosophila melanogaster. Genome assemblies for multiple individuals of the same species are key to discover the genetic diversity present in natural populations, especially the one generated by transposable elements, the most common type of structural variant. Despite the availability of multiple genomic data sets for D. melanogaster populations, we lack an efficient visual tool to display different genome assemblies simultaneously. In this work, we present DrosOmics, a population genomic-oriented browser currently containing 52 high-quality reference genomes of D. melanogaster, including annotations from a highly reliable set of transposable elements, and functional transcriptomics and epigenomics data for 26 genomes. DrosOmics is based on JBrowse 2, a highly scalable platform, which allows the visualization of multiple assemblies at once, key to unraveling structural and functional features of D. melanogaster natural populations. DrosOmics is an open access browser and is freely available at http://gonzalezlab.eu/drosomics.
Experimenting with List Experiments: Interviewer Effects and Immigration Attitudes
Authors: Karpowitz Christopher F , Austin Sarah , Crandall Jacob , Macias Raquel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractList experimentation is a common survey methodology that purports to reduce or eliminate social desirability bias. While some studies have assessed list experimentation’s effectiveness in achieving that goal, to our knowledge, this is the first ever experimental evaluation of interviewer effects on list experiment performance. We embedded a list experiment about immigration attitudes in an in-person survey administered to 718 white respondents. Randomly assigning Caucasian and Latinx interviewers, we find strong evidence that responses to the list experiment differed by interviewer ethnicity, thus failing to fully eliminate social desirability bias. A follow-up survey of 1,460 online respondents revealed similar difference-in-differences when merely priming the ethnic identities of survey researchers through pictures. The results of this study shed light on patterns of interpersonal communication about sensitive issues and how social context shapes the reporting of political attitudes, even when methodology specifically meant to mute sensitivity biases is employed.
A Documentary History of the Immunity (or Vaccine) Passport: Health Certificates of Public Health, Personal Identity and Power from the Plague to the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Kosciejew Marc 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The immunity (or vaccine) passport of the coronavirus pandemic, as a concept and object, is not unprecedented. This health and identity document features a history spanning over half-a-millennium and appearing across diverse geopolitical and sociocultural contexts. This article presents a documentary history of the immunity passport and its heterogeneous material instantiations, uses and effects across divergent historical settings. It illuminates how the immunity passport has helped shaped identities and public health, as well as impacted individual and institutional agency, during health crises. Four historical cases are explored, including the plagues ravaging the Renaissance Mediterranean region, the 1665 Great Plague of London, the yellow fever outbreaks in the antebellum slave-era southern USA and the chronic cholera conditions confronting colonial-era British India. Although disparate, these historical cases share the immunity passport as a non-pharmaceutical intervention into their respective health crises that played important roles in people’s lives during these troubled times.
Off Duty: Black Soldiers and Mobility in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands 1866–1890
Authors: Edward Valentin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Throughout the post-Civil War era, Black soldiers in the U.S. Army were at the vanguard of U.S. expansion in the U.S. West. Rather than focusing solely on their official military duties however, this article examines Black troops’ off-duty activities, specifically the complex economic and social ties they developed with civilians who resided near the posts they garrisoned in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. In many cases, these connections transcended the very geographic, racial, and ethnic boundaries that Black soldiers were charged with policing, illustrating that relationships between local people and agents of the U.S. government in the region were more complex than scholars have previously acknowledged. Relying on transcripts from U.S. Army general courts-martial proceedings, this article demonstrates how these interactions shaped Black enlisted men’s perceptions of themselves, army life, and the locales they policed and inhabited. These interactions between Black soldiers and local people often undermined the Army’s official missions, but they allowed Black troops to improve the quality of their lives and demonstrate the persistent fluidity and porousness of the southwest borderlands.
Endemic lineages of spiny frogs demonstrate the biogeographic importance and conservational needs of the Hindu Kush–Himalaya region
Authors: Hofmann Sylvia , Schmidt Joachim , Masroor Rafaqat , Borkin Leo J , Litvintchuk Spartak , Rödder Dennis , Vershinin Vladimir , Jablonski Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe relict, endemic taxa Allopaa and Chrysopaa are key elements of the Hindu Kush–Himalayan amphibian fauna and potentially share a similar biogeographic evolution, making them important proxies for the reconstruction of the palaeoenvironmental and palaeotopographic history of the Himalaya–Tibet–Orogen. However, little is known about the taxonomy, phylogeography, genetic diversity and distribution of these taxa. We here provide new molecular data on Himalayan spiny frogs and species distribution models (SDMs) for A. hazarensis and C. sternosignata. The results reveal a better resolved phylogeny of these frogs compared to previous trees and strongly support the placement of A. hazarensis in the genus Nanorana. We further identify a so far unknown clade from the western Himalayas in Nanorana, apart from the subgroups Chaparana, Paa and the nominal Nanorana. In A. hazarensis, genetic diversity is relatively low. The results strengthen support for the recently proposed out-of-Tibet-into-the-Himalayan-exile hypothesis and a trans-Tibet dispersal of ancestral spiny frogs during the Palaeogene. Moreover, SDMs provide the first detailed distribution maps of A. hazarensis and C. sternosignata and strong evidence for distinct niche divergence among the two taxa. Our findings contribute to the knowledge about the distribution of these species and provide basic information for guiding future conservation management of them.
Renal CD81 interacts with sodium potassium 2 chloride cotransporter and sodium chloride cotransporter in rats with lipopolysaccharide‐induced preeclampsia
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhu Gangyi , Wu Qiaozhen , Shen Li , Liu Dan , Wang Zhiyin , Wang Weiwan , Ren Zhiyun , Jia Yutao , Liu Mingda , Xue Ying , Ji Daxi , Hu Yali , Yu Yanting , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe kidney regulates blood pressure through salt/water reabsorption affected by tubular sodium transporters. Expanding our prior research on placental cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81), this study explores the interaction of renal CD81 with sodium transporters in preeclampsia (PE). Effects of renal CD81 with sodium transporters were determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced PE rats and immortalized mouse renal distal convoluted tubule cells. Urinary exosomal CD81, sodium potassium 2 chloride cotransporter (NKCC2), and sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) were measured in PE patients. LPS‐PE rats had hypertension from gestational days (GD) 6 to 18 and proteinuria from GD9 to GD18. Urinary CD81 in both groups tented to rise during pregnancy. Renal CD81, not sodium transporters, was higher in LPS‐PE than controls on GD14. On GD18, LPS‐PE rats exhibited higher CD81 in kidneys and urine exosomes, higher renal total and phosphorylated renal NKCC2 and NCC with elevated mRNAs, and lower ubiquitinated NCC than controls. CD81 was co‐immunoprecipitated with NKCC2 or NCC in kidney homogenates and co‐immunostained with NKCC2 or NCC in apical membranes of renal tubules. In plasma membrane fractions, LPS‐PE rats had greater amounts of CD81, NKCC2, and NCC than controls with enhanced co‐immunoprecipitations of CD81 with NKCC2 or NCC. In renal distal convoluted tubule cells, silencing CD81 with siRNA inhibited NCC and prevented LPS‐induced NCC elevation. Further, PE patients had higher CD81 in original urines, urine exosomes and higher NKCC2 and NCC in urine exosomes than controls. Thus, the upregulation of renal CD81 on NKCC2 and NCC may contribute to the sustained hypertension observed in LPS‐PE model. Urine CD81 with NKCC2 and NCC may be used as biomarkers for PE.