bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size-resolved genomic characterization of fungal bioaerosols with emphasis on the diversity among host-specific pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species
Authors: Varghese Emil , Krishnamoorthy Sarayu , TK Hredhya , Kumari Kiran , Bhattacharya B. K. , Kundu S. S. , Goswami Jonali , Yadav Shweta , Verma Rama Shanker , R Ravikrishna , Gunthe Sachin S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Dispersion and atmospheric transport of fungal bioaerosols help fungal migration and colonization worldwide. The particle size of fungal propagules mainly controls this and influences the taxonomic composition of fungal bioaerosols in a region. The study reports the size-resolved genomic characterization of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal bioaerosols found in the Indian subcontinent. Scanning Electron Microscope images and results from size-resolved DNA analysis using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) method inferred the presence of unicellular and multi-cellular spores and large fungal fragments in the bioaerosols. Further investigations inferred the presence of 67 crop pathogenic fungal OTUs capable of causing lethal crop diseases threatening the country’s food security and agricultural economy. Many other pathogenic fungal species, which could affect plants (plants excluding the crops), humans, and insects were also found in the bioaerosols. About 176 non-pathogenic OTUs inferred the presence of some beneficial fungal species in bioaerosols. Community diversity and similarities shared by each pathogenic and non-pathogenic category implied that the pathogenic fungal categories shared many OTUs within the categories, compared to the non-pathogenic fungal categories, explicitly explaining the evolution potential of pathogenic fungal species to infect a broad host range. Such studies on bioaerosol characterization based on host-pathogen interactions help to predict pathogenic fungal invasions and help the government to ensure biosecurity.
Effects of seasonal and diel variations in thermal stratification on phytoplankton in a regulated river
Authors: Jung Eunsong , Joo Gea-Jae , Kim Hyo Gyeom , Kim Dong-Kyun , Kim Hyun-Woo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Thermal stratification in lotic systems has occurred globally and more frequently in recent decades due to global warming and artificial river modification, often with negative ecological effects. However, studies on river stratification have been restricted to rivers below dams or reservoirs affected by their water release and lacked examination of diel stratification and its impact on phytoplankton, in particular. In the present study, we assessed the degree of thermal stratification, its environmental drivers, and the response of water quality and phytoplankton community against stratification in the mid-lower reach of the Nakdong River, whose morphology has been highly modified, including the construction of eight weirs. We implemented vertical temperature profiling at three study sites, both seasonally and diurnally. Then, we calculated three stratification indices: relative water column stability, Schmidt stability, and maximum temperature gradient. Three indices for assessing the degree of stratification showed that most sites experienced diel stratification during summer. Principal component analysis showed that stratification significantly led to seasonal and diel variations in the water environment. Solar radiation and air temperature were positive controllers, while a negative controller (in this case, the river flow rate) existed only for diel variation in the stratification. Higher abundance and surface cell accumulation of cyanobacteria Microcystis were observed at the stratified sites, and the diel variations in its biomass (chlorophyll a) in the surface water were primarily associated with the stratification indices instead of with other temperature and nutrient variables. Overall, the results suggest that the river has summer stratification, which is involved in amplifying cyanobacterial bloom intensity. Without a suppressing factor, summer stratification is expected to be recurrent in the river, and thus mitigating the developed stratification is needed by promptly regulating the river flow.
Applying RE-AIM to examine the impact of an implementation facilitation package to scale up a program for Veterans with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Portillo Edward C. , Maurer Martha A. , Kettner Jordyn T. , Bhardwaj Sonia D. , Zhang Ziting , Sedgwick Cassie , Gilson Aaron M. , Stone Jamie A. , Jacobson Nora , Hennessy-Garza Rose , Will Sarah , McFarland M. Shawn , Ourth Heather , Chui Michelle A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
U.S. Veterans are four-times more likely to be diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) compared to the civilian population with no care model that consistently improves Veteran outcomes when scaled. COPD Coordinated Access to Reduce Exacerbations (CARE) is a care bundle intended to improve the delivery of evidence-based practices to Veterans. To address challenges to scaling this program in the Veterans’ Health Administration (VA), the COPD CARE Academy (Academy), an implementation facilitation package comprised of four implementation strategies was designed and implemented.
Methods
This evaluation utilized a mixed-methods approach to assess the impact of the Academy’s implementation strategies on the RE-AIM framework implementation outcomes and the extent to which they were effective at increasing clinicians’ perceived capability to implement COPD CARE. A survey was administered one week after Academy participation and a semi-structured interview conducted eight to 12 months later. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative items and thematic analysis was used to analyze open-ended items.
Results
Thirty-six clinicians from 13 VA medical centers (VAMCs) participated in the Academy in 2020 and 2021 and 264 front-line clinicians completed COPD CARE training. Adoption of the Academy was indicated by high rates of Academy completion (97%), session attendance (90%), and high utilization of Academy resources. Clinicians reported the Academy to be acceptable and appropriate as an implementation package and clinicians from 92% of VAMCs reported long-term utilization of Academy resources. Effectiveness of the Academy was represented by clinicians’ significant increases (p < 0.05) in their capability to complete ten implementation tasks after Academy participation.
Conclusions
This evaluation found that the use of implementation facilitation paired with additional strategies seemed to demonstrate positive implementation outcomes across all RE-AIM domains and identified areas for potential improvement. Future assessments are needed to explore post-academy resources that would help VAMCs to strategize localized approaches to overcome barriers.
5 years leaching experiments to evaluate a modified bauxite residue. Part 2: Remediation of sulfidic mine tailings
Authors: Merdy Patricia , Parker Alexandre , Chen Chen , Hennebert Pierre 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
ALTEO company produces approximately 300,000 tons per year of bauxite residue washed and dried in a press filter to give Bauxaline®, after extraction of the alumina. The study explored different ways of recovery and re-use for this residue, namely transformation into a vegetated soil, acid mine drainage depollution, and sulfide-mine tailings remediation. The Bauxaline® was so transformed into modified bauxite residue (MBR), with reduced alkalinity, salinity and sodicity, as described in part 1. The net acid generation potential of two mine tailings with 1 mole H+/kg (1.5% sulfide) and is 3.3 mole H+/kg (5.3% sulfide), respectively, were counterbalanced by the acid neutralising capacity of 10% MBR or 10% MBR plus limestone, or by limestone only, on the scale of 40 liters lysimeters. Six lysimeters were monitored for 5-years, to assess long-term emissions from treated materials. Vegetation was tested on various conditions and its impact on emission was evaluated. The emissions of sulfidic mine tailings treated with MBR and limestone were very low. The sulfidic mine tailings with limestone only showed some peaks of emission, probably due to coating of the calcite grain by ferric oxide, impeding contact of percolating water with the calcite. Vegetation grew in the treated tailings. This study demonstrated that elements of sulfidic mine tailings can be immobilised temporarily by the alkalinity of the limestone (reduction factor of the emissions of elements of 300 and 40 for the two mine tailings, respectively), but that alkalinity (of limestone and MBR), and the aluminium and ferric oxides (of MBR) are more effective and necessary for long-term immobilisation (reduction factor of 300 and 900, respectively).
Genetic Risk Assessment of Degenerative Eye Disease (GRADE): Design of a prospective assessment of polygenic risk scores to predict diagnosis of glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.
Authors: Hollitt Georgie , Qassim Ayub , Thomson Daniel , Schmidt Joshua , Nguyen Thi Thi , Landers John , MacGregor Stuart , Siggs Owen , Souzeau Emmanuelle , Craig Jamie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) account for a substantial portion of global blindness. Both conditions are highly heritable, with recognised monogenic and polygenic inheritance patterns. Current screening guidelines lack decisive recommendations. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) allow for cost-effective broad population risk stratification for these conditions. The predictive potential of PRS could facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment, and prevent unnecessary vision loss.
Methods: The Genetic Risk Assessment of Degenerative Eye disease (GRADE) study is a prospective study designed to generate high-quality evidence about the feasibility of PRS to stratify individuals from the general population, enabling identification of those at highest risk of developing glaucoma or AMD. The targeted recruitment is 1000 individuals aged over 50 years, from which blood or saliva samples will be used for genotyping and an individual PRS for glaucoma and AMD will be derived. Individuals with PRS values in the bottom decile (n=100), top decile (n=100) and middle 80% (n=100) for both glaucoma and AMD will undergo a detailed eye examination for glaucoma and/or AMD.
Discussion: The primary objective will be to compare the prevalence of glaucoma and AMD cases between low, intermediate, and high PRS risk groups. We expect to find a higher prevalence of both diseases in the high PRS risk group, as compared to the middle and low risk groups. This prospective study will assess the clinical validity of a PRS for glaucoma and AMD in the general Australian population. Positive findings will support the implementation of PRS into clinical practice.
Unreduced spore formation on the chimera pinnule induced in artificially produced haploid Athyrium niponicum
Authors: Kawakami Suzue M , Kawakami Shogo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Haploid sporophytes of Athyrium niponicum with 2n = 40, were produced artificially by induced apogamy in vitro for the first time. They were subsequently transplanted into pots and two of them have been cultivating for the investigation of sporogenesis and/or chimera induction of haploid sporophytes for more than 20 years since 2001. Haploid A. niponicum were sterile, however, an abnormal chimera pinnule was induced in the frond of one haploid plant and many sporangia with spores were produced on the pinnule in 2021. Approximately 32 spores per one sporangium were produced and they were almost same in size. Of 20 gametophytes arising from spores, five induced sporophytes with 2n = 40. The ploidy levels between gametophytes and sporophytes produced were the same. Our study demonstrated that unreduced spores x = 40 are produced regularly on the chimera pinnule in haploid A. niponicum. It might consider from the results that the sporogenesis of unreduced spores in Braithwaite scheme occurs spontaneously by any gene mutation in a cell of the sporophyte with univalents and the unreduced spore formation might occur similarly by any gene mutation in the sterile triploid ferns with univalents. Our study is very important to know the origin of apogamous triploid hybrid ferns of the ABC type.
Hospital length of stay and readmission after elective surgery: a comparison of current and former smokers with non-smokers
Authors: Arena Gina , Cumming Craig , Lizama Natalia , Mace Hamish , Preen David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between non-smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers in hospital length of stay (LOS), readmission (seven and 28 days) and cost of readmission for patients admitted for elective surgery.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of administrative inpatient data from 24, 818 patients admitted to seven metropolitan hospitals in Western Australia between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2019 for multiday elective surgery was conducted. Data included smoking status, LOS, procedure type, age, sex and Indigenous status. LOS for smoking status was compared using multivariable negative binomial regression. Odds of readmission were compared for non-smokers and both ex-smokers and current smokers using separate multivariable logistic regression models.
Results
Mean LOS for non-smokers (4.7 days, SD = 5.7) was significantly lower than both ex-smokers (6.2 days SD 7.9) and current smokers (6.1 days, SD = 8.2). Compared to non-smokers, current smokers and ex-smokers had significantly higher odds of readmission within seven (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.47, and OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.59, respectively) and 28 days (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.49, and OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.39, 1.69, respectively) of discharge. The cost of readmission for seven and 28-day readmission was significantly higher for current smokers compared to non-smokers (RR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.1.6, 2.0; RR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.65, respectively).
Conclusion
Among patients admitted for elective surgery, hospital LOS, readmission risk and readmission costs were all higher for smokers compared with non-smokers. The findings indicate that provision of smoking cessation treatment for adults undergoing elective surgery is likely to produce multiple benefits.
Effects of Pole Dance on Mental Wellbeing and the Sexual Self-concept—A Pilot Randomized-controlled Trial
Authors: Pfeiffer Jalda Lena , Sowitzki Setia Kati , Schäfer Thomas , Euteneuer Frank 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The present pilot randomized controlled trial examined psychological and psychosexual effects of pole dancing.
Methods
Fifty women were randomized to an eight-weeks pole dancing program or waitlist. The primary outcome was global mental wellbeing. Secondary outcomes included several dimensions of the sexual self-concept, as well as body appreciation and global self-esteem.
Results
Compared to waitlist, the pole dance group showed an increase in mental wellbeing and improvements in sexual self-efficacy, sexual anxiety, sexual self-esteem, and body appreciation.
Conclusions
Pole dancing may have broad psychological effects on both overall mental wellbeing and important domains of the sexual self-concept.
Replicating programmed colloidal sequences
Authors: Kesteren Steven van , Diethelm Pascal , Isa Lucio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nature uses replication to amplify the information necessary for the intricate structures vital for life. Despite some successes with pure nucleotide structures [1–5], constructing synthetic microscale systems capable of replication remains largely out of reach [6]. Here we show a functioning strategy for microscale replication using DNA-coated colloids. By positioning DNA-functionalized colloids through capillary assembly [7] and embedding them into a polymer layer, we create programmable
sequences of patchy particles that act as a primer and offer precise binding of complementary particles from suspension. The strings of complementary colloids are crosslinked, released from the primer, and purified via flow cytometric sorting, to achieve a purity of up to 81% of replicated sequences. We demonstrate the replication of strings of up to five colloids, non-linear shapes, and using particles of different sizes and materials. Furthermore, we propose a strategy to replicate a second generation of sequences with the vision for exponential self-replication.
Hidden Curriculum Upgrade in Nursing and Medical Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hosseini Amin , Ghasemi Elham , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht , Sayadi Leila 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground The importance of hidden curriculum (HC) cannot be neglected in education. Despite much research in the field, there have been limited studies on HC upgrade in nursing and medical education. This scoping review aimed to determine the scope of previously published studies on enhancing the HC in nursing and medical education. Method PubMed, EBSCO/Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Proquest and Persian-language databases of Magiran and SID were searched in January 2023 without a time filter. According to the PRISMA flow diagram, two independent reviewers selected the records that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria via title and abstract screening. Next, the reviewers studied the full texts of the related articles. The data extracted from the selected articles were tabulated and ultimately synthesized. Findings: Out of the eight examined studies, published from 2017 to 2022, only one was in the field of nursing and seven were in medicine. The central strategies were implementing new curricula to replace the previous ones, utilizing team-based clinical clerkship, proposing a HC upgrade model, holding a case-based faculty development workshop, holding longitudinal and comprehensive educational courses, and incorporating an educational activity into a small group program. Conclusion Training students and faculty members on the topic of HC, implementing new curricula, utilizing team-based clerkship, and using comprehensive models were among the HC upgrade strategies. Focusing on upgrading the learning environment, particularly the clinical settings, can also be helpful in HC upgrade.
Imaging study of coccygeal morphology in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Haoyang , Guo Shaoqing , Ju Chenhao , chen Nisang , Li Xiaoming , Lv Lijiang , Li Shuailin , Pan Yingsen , Fan Binghua , Ye xin , Ying Xiaoming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
To observe the coccygeal morphology in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and the differences among different types of scoliosis.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 268 patients who received full-length anteroposterior and lateral spine radiographs in the third affiliated hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022. They were divided into normal group with 135 cases and AIS group with 133 cases. Postacchini coccygeal radiological classification method modified by Nathan was used to observe and compare the sagittal plane coccygeal morphology in the two groups. The correlations between coccygeal morphology in sagittal plane and gender, scoliosis severity, scoliotic segments were analyzed too.
Results
There were the highest percentage (50.4%) of Type I and the lowest (5.2%) proportion of Type V in normal group and the highest percentage (33.1%) of Type I and the lowest (2.2%) proportion of Type V in AIS group. The difference in coccygeal morphology was significant between normal group and AIS group (P = 0.006). There were no significant differences in coccygeal morphology between mild and moderate scoliosis (P = 0.489), between male and female (P = 0.812 in normal group, P = 0.287 in AIS group), or among thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis (P = 0.129). There was a significant correlation between coccygeal morphology and scoliosis (P = 0.049).
Conclusions
Coccygeal morphology in mild and moderate AIS patients is significantly different from that in normal adolescents. The proportion of coccygeal type I is significantly higher in normal children than in AIS patients, while the proportion of coccygeal type II and type III is significantly lower in normal children. There were some differences in coccygeal morphology between mild and moderate scoliosis, and among different segmental scoliosis, but they were not significant. There was a significant correlation between coccygeal morphology and scoliosis, but the correlations between coccygeal morphology and gender, scoliosis severity, scoliotic segments were non-significant.
Prokaryotic Expression, Antibody Preparation of TLR8 in Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) and Its Distribution with Age in the Spleen
Authors: Fang Ying-Dong , Liu Jing-Yu , Xie Fei , Liu Li-Ping , Zeng Wei-Wei , Wang Wen-Hui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) can recognize special pathogen-associated molecular patterns and exert multiple immunological functions by activating signaling cascades. However, the precise characteristics and age-related changes of TLR8 in the spleen of Bactrian camels have not been reported. The aim of this study was to prepare rabbit anti-Bactrian camel TLR8 polyclonal antibody and elucidate distribution of TLR8 in the spleen of Bactrian camels of different ages. In this study, the pET-28a-TLR8 recombinant plasmid was firstly constructed, and the TLR8 recombinant protein was obtained by prokaryotic expression. Then, the TLR8 polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with purified protein. Finally, Twelve Alashan Bactrian camels were divided into four groups: young (1–2 years), pubertal (3–5 years), middle-aged (6–16 years) and old (17–20 years). The distribution characteristics and age-related changes of TLR8 in the spleen were observed and analyzed using immunohistochemcal techniques.
Results
The results showed that the TLR8 recombinant protein was expressed in the form of inclusion body with a size of 52 kDa, and the optimal induction condition was 0.3 mmol·L-1 IPTG induced for 8 h. The titer of the prepared antibody was 1: 32 000, and the antibody could specifically bind to TLR8 recombinant protein. The distribution of TLR8 positive cells was similar in the spleen of Bactrian camels of different ages, all of which were mainly scattered in the periarterial lymphatic sheath of the white pulp, marginal zone and red pulp. TLR8 positive cell type was mainly macrophages, but also expressed in neutrophils and dendritic cells. Statistical results showed that the distribution density of TLR8 positive cells in different spleen regions at all age groups from high to low was the red pulp, marginal zone and white pulp, and there were significant differences between different regions (p < 0.05). The distribution density in the marginal zone and red pulp of the spleen showed similar changes with age, with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from young to old. With the aging of the camels, the distribution density in each region of the spleen decreased significantly (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The results confirmed that the rabbit anti-bactrian camel TLR8 polyclonal antibody with good specificity was successfully prepared, and TLR8 positive cells were mainly distributed in the red pulp and marginal zone of the spleen, suggesting that these two areas play an important role in innate immune response of the spleen. The aging could significantly decrease the density of positive cells, but had no impact on the scattered characteristics. These findings will provide support for the further studies on the immunomorphology and immunosenescence of the spleen of Bactrian camels.