bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GH and Childhood-onset Craniopharyngioma: When to Initiate GH Replacement Therapy?
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Adrien , Beccaria Kévin , González Briceño Laura , Pinto Graziella , Samara-Boustani Dinane , Stoupa Athanasia , Beltrand Jacques , Besançon Alix , Thalassinos Caroline , Puget Stéphanie , Blauwblomme Thomas , Alapetite Claire , Bolle Stéphanie , Doz François , Grill Jacques , Dufour Christelle , Bourdeaut Franck , Abbou Samuel , Guerrini-Rousseau Léa , Leruste Amaury , Brabant Séverine , Cavadias Iphigénie , Viaud Magali , Boddaert Nathalie , Polak Michel , Kariyawasam Dulanjalee 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Craniopharyngioma is a benign brain tumor with frequent local recurrence or progression after treatment. GH replacement therapy (GHRT) is prescribed in children with GH deficiency resulting from childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.

Objective
To evaluate whether a shorter delay of GHRT initiation after childhood-onset craniopharyngioma completion therapy increased the risk of a new event (progression or recurrence).

Methods
Retrospective, observational, monocenter study. We compared a cohort of 71 childhood-onset patients with craniopharyngiomas treated with recombinant human GH (rhGH). Twenty-seven patients were treated with rhGH at least 12 months after craniopharyngioma treatment (&gt;12-month group) and 44 patients before 12 months (&lt;12-month group), among which 29 patients were treated between 6 and 12 months (6-12 month group). The main outcome was the risk of tumor new event (progression of residual tumor or tumor recurrence after complete resection) after primary treatment in the &gt;12-month group and in the &lt;12 month or in the 6- to 12-month group patients.

Results
In the &gt;12-month group, the 2- and 5-year event-free survivals were respectively 81.5% (95% CI, 61.1-91.9) and 69.4% (95% CI, 47.9-83.4) compared with 72.2% (95% CI, 56.3-83.1) and 69.8% (95% CI, 53.8-81.2) in the &lt;12-month group. The 2- and 5-year event-free survivals were the same in the 6- to 12-month group (72.4%; 95% CI, 52.4-85.1). By log-rank test, the event-free survival was not different between groups (P = .98 and P = .91).
The median time for event was not statistically different.
In univariate and multivariate analysis, the risk of craniopharyngioma new event was not associated with the GHRT time delay after craniopharyngioma treatment.

Conclusions
No association was found between GHRT time delay after childhood-onset craniopharyngioma treatment and an increased risk of recurrence or tumor progression, suggesting GH replacement therapy can be initiated 6 months after last treatment for craniopharyngiomas.
Associations of Insomnia With Insulin Resistance Traits: A Cross-sectional and Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zhao Chenhao , Feng Hongliang , Li Guohua , He Lei , Yang Lulu , Liang Yan , Tan Xiao , Xu Yanmin , Cui Ruixiang , Sun Yujing , Guo Sheng , Zhao Guoan , Zhang Jihui , Ai Sizhi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Insomnia is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in observational studies; however, whether insomnia is causally associated with IR remains unestablished.

Objective
This study aims to estimate the causal associations of insomnia with IR and its related traits.

Methods
In primary analyses, multivariable regression (MVR) and 1-sample Mendelian randomization (1SMR) analyses were performed to estimate the associations of insomnia with IR (triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [TG/HDL-C] ratio) and its related traits (glucose level, TG, and HDL-C) in the UK Biobank. Thereafter, 2-sample MR (2SMR) analyses were used to validate the findings from primary analyses. Finally, the potential mediating effects of IR on the pathway of insomnia giving rise to type 2 diabetes (T2D) were examined using a 2-step MR design.

Results
Across the MVR, 1SMR, and their sensitivity analyses, we found consistent evidence suggesting that more frequent insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with higher values of triglyceride-glucose index (MVR, β = 0.024, P &lt; 2.00E-16; 1SMR, β = 0.343, P &lt; 2.00E-16), TG/HDL-C ratio (MVR, β = 0.016, P = 1.75E-13; 1SMR, β = 0.445, P &lt; 2.00E-16), and TG level (MVR, β = 0.019 log mg/dL, P &lt; 2.00E-16, 1SMR: β = 0.289 log mg/dL, P &lt; 2.00E-16) after Bonferroni adjustment. Similar evidence was obtained by using 2SMR, and mediation analysis suggested that about one-quarter (25.21%) of the association between insomnia symptoms and T2D was mediated by IR.

Conclusions
This study provides robust evidence supporting that more frequent insomnia symptoms are associated with IR and its related traits across different angles. These findings indicate that insomnia symptoms can be served as a promising target to improve IR and prevent subsequent T2D.
Imaging in Movement Disorders
Authors: Maiti Baijayanta , Perlmutter Joel S. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article reviews commonly used imaging modalities in movement disorders, particularly parkinsonism. The review includes the diagnostic utility, role in differential diagnosis, reflection of pathophysiology, and limitations of neuroimaging in the setting of movement disorders. It also introduces promising new imaging modalities and describes the current status of research.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Iron-sensitive MRI sequences and neuromelanin-sensitive MRI can be used to directly assess the integrity of nigral dopaminergic neurons and thus may reflect disease pathology and progression throughout the full range of severity in Parkinson disease (PD). The striatal uptake of presynaptic radiotracers in their terminal axons as currently assessed using clinically approved positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging correlates with nigral pathology and disease severity only in early PD. Cholinergic PET, using radiotracers that target the presynaptic vesicular acetylcholine transporter, constitutes a substantial advance and may provide crucial insights into the pathophysiology of clinical symptoms such as dementia, freezing, and falls.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
In the absence of valid, direct, objective biomarkers of intracellular misfolded α-synuclein, PD remains a clinical diagnosis. The clinical utility of PET- or SPECT-based striatal measures is currently limited given their lack of specificity and inability to reflect nigral pathology in moderate to severe PD. These scans may be more sensitive than clinical examination to detect nigrostriatal deficiency that occurs in multiple parkinsonian syndromes and may still be recommended for clinical use in the future to identify prodromal PD if and when disease-modifying treatments become available. Multimodal imaging to evaluate underlying nigral pathology and its functional consequences may hold the key to future advances.
Under Different Roofs? Coresidence With Adult Children and Parents' Mental Health Across Race and Ethnicity Over Two Decades
Authors: Caputo Jennifer , Cagney Kathleen A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Many U.S. parents share a household with an adult child in later life. However, the reasons parents and adult children coreside may vary over time and across family race/ethnicity, shaping relationships with parents' mental health. Using the Health and Retirement Study, this study investigates the determinants and mental health correlates of coresidence with adult children from 1998 to 2018 among White, Black, and Hispanic parents under age 65 and aged 65+. Findings show that the predictors of coresidence shifted with increasing odds that parents lived with an adult child, and several varied by parents' age group and race/ethnicity. Compared with White parents, Black and Hispanic parents were more likely to live with adult children, especially at older ages, and to indicate that their children helped them with household finances or functional limitations. Living with adult children was associated with higher depressive symptoms among White parents, and mental health was negatively related to living with adult children who were not working or were helping parents with functional limitations. The findings highlight increasing diversity among adult child–coresident parents and underscore persistent differences in the predictors and meaning of coresidence with adult children across race/ethnicity.
Research Note: COVID-19 Is Not an Independent Cause of Death
Authors: Castro Marcia C. , Gurzenda Susie , Turra Cassio M. , Kim Sun , Andrasfay Theresa , Goldman Noreen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had overwhelming global impacts with deleterious social, economic, and health consequences. To assess the COVID-19 death toll, researchers have estimated declines in 2020 life expectancy at birth (e0). When data are available only for COVID-19 deaths, but not for deaths from other causes, the risks of dying from COVID-19 are typically assumed to be independent of those from other causes. In this research note, we explore the soundness of this assumption using data from the United States and Brazil, the countries with the largest number of reported COVID-19 deaths. We use three methods: one estimates the difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables and therefore does not require the assumption of independence, and the other two assume independence to simulate scenarios in which COVID-19 mortality is added to 2019 death rates or is eliminated from 2020 rates. Our results reveal that COVID-19 is not independent of other causes of death. The assumption of independence can lead to either an overestimate (Brazil) or an underestimate (United States) of the decline in e0, depending on how the number of other reported causes of death changed in 2020.
DMRT1-mediated regulation of TOX3 modulates expansion of the gonadal steroidogenic cell lineage in the chicken embryo
Authors: Estermann Martin A. , Major Andrew T. , Smith Craig A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
During gonadal sex determination, the supporting cell lineage differentiates into Sertoli cells in males and pre-granulosa cells in females. Recently, single cell RNA-seq data have indicated that chicken steroidogenic cells are derived from differentiated supporting cells. This differentiation process is achieved by a sequential upregulation of steroidogenic genes and downregulation of supporting cell markers. The exact mechanism regulating this differentiation process remains unknown. We have identified TOX3 as a previously unreported transcription factor expressed in embryonic Sertoli cells of the chicken testis. TOX3 knockdown in males resulted in increased CYP17A1-positive Leydig cells. TOX3 overexpression in male and female gonads resulted in a significant decline in CYP17A1-positive steroidogenic cells. In ovo knockdown of the testis determinant DMRT1 in male gonads resulted in a downregulation of TOX3 expression. Conversely, DMRT1 overexpression caused an increase in TOX3 expression. Taken together, these data indicate that DMRT1-mediated regulation of TOX3 modulates expansion of the steroidogenic lineage, either directly, via cell lineage allocation, or indirectly, via signaling from the supporting to steroidogenic cell populations.
Long-term safety and efficacy of non-absorbable abdominal mesh for apical prolapse surgery: A 10-year experience at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Aijaz Samia , Chughtai Novera , Kashif Urooj ` , Malik Summera 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the complications of apical prolapse correction with abdominally placed mesh and to assess the long-term efficacy of Sacrohysteropexy and Sacrocolpopexy.
Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aga Khan University Hospital. All women who underwent apical prolapse surgery using abdominal mesh from January 2010 to December 2019 at AKUH were included. Patients with missing routine follow up visits and incomplete data up to one year post op were excluded. Patient notes were reviewed, and subjective and objective success and complications were analyzed. Safety was measured by incidence of intra, early and late postoperative complications and mesh-related complications of both procedures at two weeks, six months, twelve months, postoperatively.
Results: A total of 69 cases were retrieved from the database with a mean age of 46.97 ± 13.86 years. It was found that 14 (20.3%) patients had wound infection while six (8.7%) patients developed urinary tract infections. In a median follow-up of 12 months, three patients developed mesh erosion as a complication, with an incidence of 4.3%. Two required surgical excision of the mesh and the third was successfully managed conservatively with topical estrogen and oral antibiotics. Extremely significant improvements were observed in POPDI-six scores six months postoperatively (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: The present study signifies the use of abdominally placed mesh in patients with pelvic organ prolapse indicating significant improvement in Pelvic Organ Prolapse-associated symptoms postoperatively.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6689
How to cite this: Aijaz S, Chughtai N, Kashif U, Malik S. Long-term safety and efficacy of non-absorbable abdominal mesh for apical prolapse surgery: A 10-year experience at Tertiary Care Hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):567-571. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6689
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Efficacy of multiple Biomarkers: NGAL, KIM1, Cystatin C and IL18 in predicting pregnancy related acute kidney injury
Authors: Usman Aamir Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7494
How to cite this: Aamir MU. Efficacy of multiple Biomarkers: NGAL, KIM1, Cystatin C and IL18 in predicting pregnancy related acute kidney injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):628. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7494
The issue of social control in late modernity: alienation and narrativity
Authors: Martínez-Lucena Jorge 
Published: February 2023

This article shows to what extent the new situation in our late-modern societies can see a further deepening of the social control typical of soft totalitarianism we experience in our globalised democracies, through the mechanisms already denounced by Arendt in her The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951): the promotion of rootlessness and superfluity. In particular, the paper focus on what Eliot (1927) called the hollow man or what philosophy and sociology have called the one-dimensional man, the absent subject or the saturated self, which the technological, social, cultural and economic environment in which we live so favours. The article diagnoses the reasons and means by which the alienation of the subject occurs, but proposes narrative and testimony as ways of combating social control of a psychopolitical kind[1].

[1] Investigación financiada por el proyecto del Banco de Santander – CEU titulado “Control social, posmodernidad y comunidad política” (COSOPOC) con código B920PR02 // FUSPBC-PPC14/2018.
Exact Optimal Stopping for Multidimensional Linear Switching Diffusions
Authors: Ernst Philip , Mei Hongwei 
Published: February 2023

The paper studies a class of multidimensional optimal stopping problems with infinite horizon for linear switching diffusions. There are two main novelties in the optimal problems considered: The underlying stochastic process has discontinuous paths, and the cost function is not necessarily integrable on the entire time horizon, where the latter is often a key assumption in classical optimal stopping theory for diffusions. Under relatively mild conditions, we show, for the class of multidimensional optimal stopping problems under consideration, that the first entry time of the stopping region is an optimal stopping time. Further, we prove that the corresponding optimal stopping boundaries can be represented as the unique solution to a nonlinear integral equation. We conclude with an application of our results to the problem of quickest real-time detection of a Markovian drift. Funding: P. Ernst received financial support from the Army Research Office [Grant ARO-YIP-71636-MA], the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS-1811936], and the Office of Naval Research [Grants N00014-18-1-2192 and N00014-21-1-2672].
The Dual Function of Organizational Structure: Aggregating and Shaping Individuals’ Votes
Authors: Piezunka Henning , Schilke Oliver 
Published: February 2023

How do organizational structures influence organizational decision making? This article reveals organizational structures’ dual function: they both (1) aggregate and (2) shape individuals’ decisions. What makes this dual function so remarkable is that the two effects are diametrically opposed to one another. Ceteris paribus, a less stringent decision-making structure reduces the amount of support required for a given project to be greenlit at the organizational level, which should result in more investments getting approved. However, we find that this ceteris paribus assumption does not hold, because a less stringent decision-making structure also reduces individuals’ tendency to provide their support for an investment. Our experimental investigation of organizational voting provides evidence for our position that organizational structure plays an important role beyond mere aggregation: voting thresholds also affect individuals’ voting behavior. The combination of both effects explains why the organizational adoption of a new voting threshold may not yield the intended outcome.Funding: This work was supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER Award from the Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences [Grant 1943688] granted to O. Schilke.Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1653 .
Phenology of flowering and seed development of jernang rattan (Daemonorops spp.)
Authors: FRIDAYANTI NELLY , WIDAJATI ENY , ILYAS SATRIYAS , BUDI SRI WILARSO , PALUPI ENDAH RETNO 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Fridayanti N, Widajati E, Ilyas S, Budi SW, Palupi ER. 2023. Phenology of flowering and seed development of jernang rattan (Daemonorops spp.). Biodiversitas 24: 349-358. Jernang rattan has a high economic value due to its resin content in the exocarp, as the raw material of dyes, medicines, and cosmetics. The resin is highest in the immature fruit skin (exocarp); therefore, fruits are harvested before the seed is germinable. As a consequence, regeneration is very scarce, and the species is categorized as a rare plant. This research was aimed at investigating the flowering phenology and seed development of jernang rattan until they reach physiological maturity, when the viability and vigor are at their highest. The flowering phenology was observed based on Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie (BBCH), at the inflorescence stage, flowering stage, fruit development stage, and fruit ripening stage. The inflorescence development from flower bud until ready to bloom took 136.4 ±10.9 days for male plants and 141.6 ±16.4 days for female plants. The inflorescence of staminate flowers bloomed longer (29.4 ±2.7 days) than pistillate flowers (15.4 ± 4.0 days). Fruit abortion mostly occurs during the first six months of fruit development, coincides with the nuclear stage of endosperm, and the final seed set is 56%. It takes around 27 months of one reproduction cycle from the appearance of the inflorescence to seed maturity. The fruit reaches physiological maturity approximately at 22 MAA when the seed is of high viability and vigor, and harvesting at 22 MAA is best for seed production. It is recommended to set up a seed production area separated from the resin production area.
Protocol: Implementation and evaluation of an adolescent-mediated intervention to improve glycemic control and diabetes self-management among Samoan adults
Authors: Hawley Nicola L. , Rivara Anna C. , Naseri Joshua , Faumuina Kitiona , Potoa’e-Solaita Noelle , Iopu Francine , Faiai Mata’uitafa , Naveno Eminoni , Tasele Susie , Lefale Temukisa , Lantini Ryan , Carlson Jenna C. , Rabin Tracy L. , Semaia Penny , Mugadza Phyllis , Rosen Rochelle K. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Diagnoses of Type 2 Diabetes in the United States have more than doubled in the last two decades. One minority group at disproportionate risk are Pacific Islanders who face numerous barriers to prevention and self-care. To address the need for prevention and treatment in this group, and building on the family-centered culture, we will pilot test an adolescent-mediated intervention designed to improve the glycemic control and self-care practices of a paired adult family member with diagnosed diabetes.

Methods
We will conduct a randomized controlled trial in American Samoa among n = 160 dyads (adolescent without diabetes, adult with diabetes). Adolescents will receive either a six-month diabetes intervention or a leadership and life skills-focused control curriculum. Aside from research assessments we will have no contact with the adults in the dyad who will proceed with their usual care. To test our hypothesis that adolescents will be effective conduits of diabetes knowledge and will support their paired adult in the adoption of self-care strategies, our primary efficacy outcomes will be adult glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors (BMI, blood pressure, waist circumference). Secondarily, since we believe exposure to the intervention may encourage positive behavior change in the adolescent themselves, we will measure the same outcomes in adolescents. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, after active intervention (six months post-randomization) and at 12-months post-randomization to examine maintenance effects. To determine potential for sustainability and scale up, we will examine intervention acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, reach, and cost.

Discussion
This study will explore Samoan adolescents’ ability to act as agents of familial health behavior change. Intervention success would produce a scalable program with potential for replication in other family-centered ethnic minority groups across the US who are the ideal beneficiaries of innovations to reduce chronic disease risk and eliminate health disparities.