bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic Density and Glucose Consumption in Patients with Lewy Body Diseases: An [11C]UCB‐J and [18F]FDG PET Study
Authors: Andersen Katrine B. , Hansen Allan K. , Schacht Anna Christina , Horsager Jacob , Gottrup Hanne , Klit Henriette , Danielsen Erik H. , Poston Kathleen L. , Pavese Nicola , Brooks David J. , Borghammer Per 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Lewy body diseases exhibit variable degrees of cortical and subcortical hypometabolism. However, the underlying causes behind this progressive hypometabolism remain unresolved. Generalized synaptic degeneration may be one key contributor.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate whether local cortical synaptic loss is proportionally linked to the magnitude of hypometabolism in Lewy body disease.MethodUsing in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) we investigated cerebral glucose metabolism and quantified the density of cerebral synapses, as measured with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET and [11C]UCB‐J, respectively. Volumes‐of‐interest were defined on magnetic resonance T1 scans and regional standard uptake value ratios‐1 values were obtained for 14 pre‐selected brain regions. Between‐group comparisons were conducted at voxel‐level.ResultsWe observed regional differences in both synaptic density and cerebral glucose consumption in our cohorts of non‐demented and demented patients with Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, voxel‐wise comparisons showed a clear difference in cortical regions between demented patients and controls for both tracers. Importantly, our findings strongly suggested that the magnitude of reduced glucose uptake exceeded the magnitude of reduced cortical synaptic density.ConclusionHere, we investigated the relationship between in vivo glucose uptake and the magnitude of synaptic density as measured using [18F]FDG PET and [11C]UCB‐J PET in Lewy body patients. The magnitude of reduced [18F]FDG uptake was greater than the corresponding decline in [11C]UCB‐J binding. Therefore, the progressive hypometabolism seen in Lewy body disorders cannot be fully explained by generalized synaptic degeneration. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Biologically active secoiridoids: A comprehensive update
Authors: Peng Zhongcan , He Jun , Cheng Yungchi , Xu Jiekun , Zhang Weiku 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSecoiridoids are natural products of cyclopentane monoterpene derivatives that are formed by splitting the rings of cyclomethene oxime compounds at C‐7 and C‐8, and only account for a small part of cyclic ether terpenoids. Because of the chemically active hemiacetal structure in their common basic skeleton, secoiridoids have a wide range of biological activities, such as neuroprotective, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and antinociceptive activities. Phenolic secoiridoids can also act against multiple molecular targets involved in human tumorigenesis, making them potentially valuable precursors for antitumor drug development. This review provides a detailed update, covering relevant discoveries from January 2011 to December 2020, about the occurrence, structural diversity, bioactivities, and synthesis of naturally occurring secoiridoids. We aimed to resolve the lack of extensive, specific, and thorough review of secoiridoids, as well as open new areas for pharmacological investigation and better drugs based on these compounds.
Müntz–Legendre wavelet method for solving Sturm–Liouville fractional optimal control problem with error estimates
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Mehra Mani 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper develops a Müntz–Legendre wavelet method for solving a fractional optimal control problem with dynamic constraint as a fractional Sturm–Liouville problem. We first derive the necessary optimality conditions as a two‐point boundary value problem by using the calculus of variation and integration by part formula. The operational matrices for Müntz–Legendre scaling functions have been obtained, and by utilizing it, the two‐point boundary value problem has been converted into a system of algebraic equations. The
‐error estimates in the approximation of operations matrices and in the approximation of unknown variable by the Müntz–Legendre wavelet has been derived. In the last, illustrative examples have been taken to show the applicability of the proposed method.
Multivariable Rheological Models for Commercial Polypropylene with High Molar Masses
Authors: Castor Carlos A. , Fialho André I. O. de A. , Oechsler Bruno F. , Pinto José C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work investigates the fitting performance of conventional rheological models and the development of multivariable rheological models to reproduce experimental rheological data of different industrial grades of linear isotactic polypropylene (iPP) having high mass average molar masses, Mm (164–404 kg mol−1), at three temperature values (180–220 °C) over a wide range of shear rates (10−1–104s−1). A shear thinning behavior is found in all investigated conditions. However, a low shear rate primary Newtonian plateau for a short shear rate range is only identified for the smallest Mm among those investigated, and for higher Mm such primary plateaus are even found at shorter shear rate range. Among the investigated models, only Cross and Carreau–Yasuda models are effective to reproduce the data for a specific PP grade. Two modified models are proposed that incorporate three variables. In the modified Cross Model, it has been shown that the characteristic time (λ) between the Newtonian plateau at the low shear rates and the shear‐rate range with shear‐thinning behavior depends exponentially on the Mm, and it does not depend on the temperature. Both proposed models fit very well with the experimental data with shear thinning behavior for a wide range of Mm.
Development of a tool to assess bladder health knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (BH‐KAB)
Authors: LaCoursiere Daphne Yvette , Kane Low Lisa , Putnam Sara , Wyman Jean F. , Newman Diane K. , Cunningham Shayna , Rickey Leslie , Berry Amanda , Gahagan Sheila , Vaughan Camille P. , Brown Oluwateniola , Brady Sonya S. ,   Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionFew instruments measure knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) related to bladder health. Existing questionnaires have predominantly focused on KAB related to specific conditions such as urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other pelvic floor disorders. To address this literature gap, the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) research consortium developed an instrument that is being administered in the baseline assessment of the PLUS RISE FOR HEALTH longitudinal study.MethodsThe bladder health knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (BH‐KAB) instrument development process consisted of two phases, item development and evaluation. Item development was guided by a conceptual framework, review of existing KAB instruments, and a review of qualitative data from the PLUS consortium Study of Habits, Attitudes, Realities, and Experiences (SHARE). Evaluation comprised three methods to assess content validity and reduce and refine items: q‐sort, e‐panel survey, and cognitive interviews.ResultsThe final 18‐item BH‐KAB instrument assesses self‐reported bladder knowledge; perceptions of bladder function, anatomy, and related medical conditions; attitudes toward different patterns of fluid intake, voiding, and nocturia; the potential to prevent or treat urinary tract infections and incontinence; and the impact of pregnancy and pelvic muscle exercises on bladder health.ConclusionThe PLUS BH‐KAB instrument may be used independently or in conjunction with other KAB instruments for a more comprehensive assessment of women's KAB related to bladder health. The BH‐KAB instrument can inform clinical conversations, health education programming, and research examining potential determinants of bladder health, LUTS, and related behavioral habits (e.g., toileting, fluid intake, pelvic muscle exercises).
Stochastic optimal control problems of discrete‐time Markov jump systems
Authors: Song Teng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the indefinite stochastic optimal control problems of discrete‐time Markov jump linear systems. Firstly, we establish the new stochastic maximum principle, and by solving the forward‐backward stochastic difference equations with Markov jump (FBSDEs‐MJ), we derive the necessary and sufficient solvability condition of the indefinite control problem with non‐discounted cost, which is in an explicit analytical expression. Then, the optimal control is designed by a series of coupled generalized Riccati difference equations with Markov jump (GRDEs‐MJ) and linear recursive equations with Markov jump (LREs‐MJ). Moreover, based on the non‐discounted cost case, we deduce the optimal control problem with discounted cost. Finally, a numerical example for defined‐benefit (DB) pension fund with regime switching is exploited to illustrate the validity of the obtained results.
Novel shear thickening gel/high‐performance fiber reinforced flexible composites: Multi‐velocity impact and functional properties
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Wei Sainan , Li Xiangmian , Jia Lixia , Li Haitao , Jia Lili , Yan Ruosi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShear thickening gel (STG) is a promising substrate used for flexible protective materials, which has superior dimensional stability without gel side leakage and delamination when sustaining long‐standing time. STG/high‐performance fiber flexible composites exhibit high‐energy absorption capacity for multi‐velocity impact. This article reveals the shear thickening mechanism of STG that lays a theoretical foundation for the performance analysis of STG composites. The preparation methods of STG/high‐performance fiber flexible composites, including impregnation, hand lay‐up, filling, and lamination methods, are compared. The energy absorption principle of STG/high‐performance fiber flexible composites on multi‐velocity impact and the destruction morphology was analyzed. The coupling effects and functional applications of STG functional composites with nanoparticles, magnetic particles, and conductive particles are summarized. It provides more suitable conditions for designing new multifunctional protective equipment and manufacturing advanced intelligent, protective devices.
Preparation of thermal/pH‐sensitive semi‐interpenetrating network hydrogels from quaternary chitosan via an amino‐anhydride click reaction for efficient dye removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Liu Yuhua , Wei Hongliang , Hu Chunwang , Hua Bingyan , Wang Gang , Guo Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNovel thermal/pH‐sensitive quaternary chitosan‐based semi‐interpenetrating network hydrogels were facilely fabricated via an amino‐anhydride click reaction in aqueous solutions and used for water treatment. First, a series of terpolymers (PNAM) of acrylamide, N‐isopropylacrylamide, and maleic anhydride was prepared via free radical copolymerization. Next, PNAM, poly(allylaminehydrochloride), and quaternary chitosan were dissolved in water, rapid gelation was observed after the pH of the solution was adjusted to alkaline. Then, single‐factor experiments were applied to optimize the preparation parameters. The hydrogel was found to be thermal/pH sensitive. Finally, choosing Eosin Y as a model dye, the effect of the initial concentration, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength, and pH on the adsorption behavior was studied. The adsorption capacity could reach 1799 mg/g under optimized conditions. The adsorption performance of the hydrogels can be well described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study suggests that the adsorption of Eosin Y is a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy‐increasing process. In view of its adsorption performance and facile preparation process, the hydrogel is expected to be used as a promising adsorbent.
Predation performance and survival of susceptible and pyrethroid‐resistant Eriopis connexa Germar (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to insecticides used in brassica crops
Authors: Lira Rogério , do Nascimento Deividy Vicente , Barbosa Paulo Roberto Ramos , Simmons Alvin M. , Torres Jorge Braz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelective insecticides and insecticide‐resistant natural enemies are components of chemical and biological methods that can be compatible in an integrated pest management (IPM) program. Many insecticides that are labeled for treatment against insects in Brassica crops have lost their efficacy because of the development of resistance. However, natural enemies can provide an important role in regulating the population of these pests.RESULTSSurvival of Eriopis connexa populations was >80% when exposed to insecticides, except for EcFM exposed to indoxacarb and methomyl. Bacillus thuringiensis, cyantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr and spinosad caused high mortality of P. xylostella larvae, but neither affected E. connexa survival nor its predation upon L. pseudobrassicae. Cyantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin and methomyl caused high mortality of L. pseudobrassicae, but did not affect E. connexa survival nor its predation upon P. xylostella larvae. According to the differential selectivity index and the risk quotient, chlorfenapyr and methomyl were more toxic to P. xylostella larvae than to E. connexa, whereas indoxacarb was more toxic to E. connexa.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that the insecticides B. thuringiensis, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, chlorfenapyr, spinosad, azadiracthin and spiromesifen are compatible with insecticide‐resistant adult E. connexa within an IPM program in Brassica crops. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spodoptera litura larvae are attracted by HvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura larvae‐damaged pepper leaves
Authors: Ming Lang , Du Yuan‐Wen , Yuan Ge‐Ge , Su Qi , Shi Xiao‐Bing , Yu Huan , Chen Gong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHerbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important self‐defense outputs of pepper plants to resist insect pests. Ascoviruses are pathogenic to the larvae of most lepidopteran vegetable pests. However, whether Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV‐3h)‐infected Spodoptera litura larvae can change pepper leaf HIPVs is not well understood.RESULTSSpodoptera litura larvae preferred S. litura‐infested leaves, and this preference was stronger with longer duration of S. litura infestation. In addition, S. litura larvae significantly chose pepper leaves damaged by HvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura over the healthy pepper leaves. Results also showed that S. litura larvae preferred leaves mechanically damaged and treated with oral secretions from HvAV‐3h infected‐S. litura larvae in a simulation test. We captured the volatiles emitted by leaves under six treatments. Results showed that the volatile profile changed with the different treatments. Testing of volatile blends, prepared to the proportion released showed that the blend from simulated HvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura larvae‐damaged plants was the most attractive to S. litura larvae. Further, we also found that some of the compounds significantly attracted S. litura larvae at specific concentrations.CONCLUSIONHvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura can alter the release of HIPVs in pepper plants and thus become more attractive to S. litura larvae. We speculate that this may be due to alterations in the concentration of some compounds (such as geranylacetone and prohydrojasmon) affecting the behavior of S. litura larvae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Toxin and phage production from pathogenic E. coli by antibiotic induction analyzed by chemical reduction, MALDI‐TOF‐TOF mass spectrometry and top‐down proteomic analysis
Authors: Fagerquist Clifton K. , Shi Yanlin , Dodd Claire E. 
Published: March 2023

RationaleShiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are an ongoing threat to public health and agriculture. Our laboratory has developed a rapid method for identification of Shiga toxin (Stx), bacteriophage, and host proteins produced from STEC. We demonstrate this technique on two genomically sequenced STEC O145:H28 strains linked to two major outbreaks of foodborne illness occurring in 2007 (Belgium) and 2010 (Arizona).MethodsOur approach was to induce expression of stx, prophage, and host genes by antibiotic exposure, chemically reduce samples, and identify protein biomarkers from unfractionated samples using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and post‐source decay (PSD). The protein mass and prominent fragment ions were used to identify protein sequences using top‐down proteomic software developed in‐house. Prominent fragment ions are the result of polypeptide backbone cleavage resulting from the aspartic acid effect fragmentation mechanism.ResultsThe B‐subunit of Stx and acid‐stress proteins HdeA and HdeB were identified in both STEC strains in their intramolecular disulfide bond‐intact and reduced states. In addition, two cysteine‐containing phage tail proteins were detected and identified from the Arizona strain but only under reducing conditions, which suggests that bacteriophage complexes are bound by intermolecular disulfide bonds. An acyl carrier protein (ACP) and a phosphocarrier protein were also identified from the Belgium strain. ACP was post‐translationally modified with attachment of a phosphopantetheine linker at residue S36. The abundance of ACP (plus linker) was significantly increased on chemical reduction, suggesting the release of fatty acids bound to the ACP + linker at a thioester bond. MS/MS‐PSD revealed dissociative loss of the linker from the precursor ion as well as fragment ions with and without the attached linker consistent with its attachment at S36.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the advantages of chemical reduction in facilitating the detection and top‐down identification of protein biomarkers of pathogenic bacteria.
Combining three‐dimensional fluoroscopy guide system with single‐use bronchoscopes for diagnosis of peripheral lesions: First two cases
Authors: Patrucco Filippo , D'Alessio Andrea , Brambilla Marco , Balbo Piero Emilio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPulmonary Peripheral Lesions (PPLs) diagnosis is usually performed using a guidance system in combination with bronchoscopes and diagnostic tools. We report two cases of PPLs sampling procedures combining the use of the single‐use bronchoscope Ambu aScope 5 Broncho and CIOS 3D Spin Mobile (Siemens Healthineers) fluoroscopy system. A 69‐year‐old‐female was found to have a lesion located in right B6 segment and a 73‐year‐old‐male with a mass in the upper right lobe. We used for both cases a single‐use bronchoscope to reach the correct area and the fluoroscopy system to guide peripheral transbronchial aspiration needle (TBNA) sampling. After the confirmation of the correct location of the TBNA tool, the sampling was performed. Rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) confirmed the adequacy of the sample for molecular analysis and the final diagnosis. Thus, the use of ever‐new disposable bronchoscopes for sampling peripheral lesions is a viable alternative to reusable bronchoscopes for advanced bronchoscopy procedures.
Balanced control between performance and saturation for constrained nonlinear systems
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Haibin , Zhang Xiaobing , Ge Shuzhi Sam 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper addresses the balanced control between performance and saturation for a class of constrained nonlinear systems, including the branches: balanced command filtered backstepping (BCFB) and balanced performance control (BPC). To balance the interconnection and conflict between performance and saturation constraints, define a performance safety evaluation (PSE) function, which evaluates the system safety under the destabilizing effect variables (DEVs) like saturation quantity and filter errors, then the cumulative effects of DEVs are fully utilized and compensated for the performance recovery. Specifically, there exists some degree of tolerance for the DEVs in the safety region, and the compensation operation works when the evaluation of the system goes dangerous. The advantages of the proposed methodology are illustrated in the numerical simulation.
From shareholder to stakeholder engagement: How regular and irregular corporate social responsibility affects CEO compensation
Authors: Khan Talat Mehmood , Zhu Naiping , Yan Jin , Hassan Hazrat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study aims to uncover the role of regular and irregular CSR in CEO compensation contracts. Taking sample of non‐financial Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2020, this study employed a panel data regression model. According to traditional agency theory, CSR can increase shareholder wealth. This theory is not supported by the actual findings of the study, which indicate a negative relationship between CSR and CEO compensation. In further analysis, we disintegrate CSR and finds that regular CSR is positively associated with CEO compensation, showing that CEOs are compensated for maintaining an optimal level of CSR. In contrast, irregular CSR has a negative relationship with CEO compensation, indicating that when CSR investments deviate from their optimal level, they may have a negative impact on shareholders wealth by transferring wealth from shareholder to stakeholder; resulting in a decrease in CEO compensation. We conclude by establishing an inverted U‐shaped relationship between CEO compensation and CSR. The present study's conclusions are supportive and provide vital insights for future research and business operations. Moreover, policymakers can utilize our findings while negotiating CEO compensation contracts.
Hot Spot Engineering in Hierarchical Plasmonic Nanostructures
Authors: Yang Xi , Su Dong , Yu Xie , Zeng Pei , Liang Huageng , Zhang Guangzu , Song Boxiang , Jiang Shenglin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe controllable nanogap structures offer an effective way to obtain strong and tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). A novel hierarchical plasmonic nanostructure (HPN) is created by incorporating a rotating coordinate system into colloidal lithography. In this nanostructure, the hot spot density is increased drastically by the long‐range ordered morphology with discrete metal islands filled in the structural units. Based on the Volmer–Weber growth theory, the precise HPN growth model is established, which guides the hot spot engineering for improved LSPR tunability and strong field enhancement. The hot spot engineering strategy is examined by the application of HPNs as the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. It is universally suitable for various SERS characterization excited at different wavelengths. Based on the HPN and hot spot engineering strategy, single‐molecule level detection and long‐range mapping can be realized simultaneously. In that sense, it offers a great platform and guides the future design for various LSPR applications like surface‐enhanced spectra, biosensing, and photocatalysis.