bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formate oxidation in the intestinal mucus layer enhances fitness of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Winter Maria G. , Hughes Elizabeth R. , Muramatsu Matthew K. , Jimenez Angel G. , Chanin Rachael B. , Spiga Luisella , Gillis Caroline C. , McClelland Michael , Andrews-Polymenis Helene , Winter Sebastian E. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium induces intestinal inflammation to create a niche that fosters the outgrowth of the pathogen over the gut microbiota. Under inflammatory conditions,
Salmonella
utilizes terminal electron acceptors generated as byproducts of intestinal inflammation to generate cellular energy through respiration. However, the electron donating reactions in these electron transport chains are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how formate utilization through the respiratory formate dehydrogenase-N (FdnGHI) and formate dehydrogenase-O (FdoGHI) contribute to gut colonization of
Salmonella
. Both enzymes fulfilled redundant roles in enhancing fitness in a mouse model of
Salmonella
-induced colitis, and coupled to tetrathionate, nitrate, and oxygen respiration. The formic acid utilized by
Salmonella
during infection was generated by its own pyruvate-formate lyase as well as the gut microbiota. Transcription of formate dehydrogenases and pyruvate-formate lyase was significantly higher in bacteria residing in the mucus layer compared to the lumen. Furthermore, formate utilization conferred a more pronounced fitness advantage in the mucus, indicating that formate production and degradation occurred predominantly in the mucus layer. Our results provide new insights into how
Salmonella
adapts its energy metabolism to the local microenvironment in the gut.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial pathogens must not only evade immune responses but also adapt their metabolism to successfully colonize their host. The microenvironments encountered by enteric pathogens differ based on anatomical location, such as small versus large intestine, spatial stratification by host factors, such as mucus layer and antimicrobial peptides, and distinct commensal microbial communities that inhabit these microenvironments. Our understanding of how
Salmonella
populations adapt its metabolism to different environments in the gut is incomplete. In the current study, we discovered that
Salmonella
utilizes formate as an electron donor to support respiration, and that formate oxidation predominantly occurs in the mucus layer. Our experiments suggest that spatially distinct
Salmonella
populations in the mucus layer and the lumen differ in their energy metabolism. Our findings enhance our understanding of the spatial nature of microbial metabolism and may have implications for other enteric pathogens as well as commensal host-associated microbial communities.
Fluvial response to Late Pleistocene–Holocene climate change in the Colorado River drainage, central Texas, USA
Authors: Gutiérrez E. Gabriela , Stockli Daniel F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe documented the impact of Late Pleistocene–Holocene climate change on terrace deposits and preserved channels in the unglaciated drainage of the Colorado River in central Texas (south-central United States) using integrated channel morphology and provenance analysis. Detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb ages (n = 1850) from fluvial terrace deposits and new quantitative analysis of fluvial channel morphology based on LiDAR data were used to reconstruct sediment provenance and shifts in paleohydraulic conditions during Late Pleistocene to Holocene aridification. These data reveal a reduction in fluvial channel size and discharge temporally coupled with a rapid shift in erosion locus and dominant sediment sourcing, from the Southern Rocky Mountains to the Llano area, during the glacial-interglacial transition. Geomorphic mapping and morphometric analysis show narrowing of river channels linked to diminishing Colorado River discharge. DZ data show an abrupt shift to erosion in the lower drainage basin and the remobilization of older terraces due to river incision and lateral channel migration. We attribute these systematic changes to upper-basin contraction caused by drainage reorganization and aridification during the Late Pleistocene, as well as the onset of enhanced convective precipitation sourced from the Gulf of Mexico, driving focused erosion along the topographic edge of the Llano uplift in central Texas since the early to mid-Holocene.
Supplemental Material: Impact of Mexican Border rift structural inheritance on Laramide rivers of the Tornillo basin, west Texas: Insights from detrital zircon provenance
Authors: Kortyna Cullen , al. et 
Published: July 2023

<p>Item S1: Chihuahua fold belt–Tornillo basin cross section. Item S2: Detrital zircon sandstone sample descriptions. Item S3: Detrital zircon U-Pb data. Item S4: Ranked date maximum depositional age (MDA) plots for unselected Dawson Creek detrital zircon samples. Item S5: Ranked date MDA plots for Glenn Springs detrital zircon samples. Item S6: Ranked date MDA plots for unselected Black Peaks Formation detrital zircon samples from Tornillo Flat. Item S7: Ranked date MDA plots for unselected Hannold Hill and Canoe Formation detrital zircon samples from Tornillo Flat. Item S8: Unselected recalculated ranked date MDA plots. Item S9: MDS Shepard plots. Item S10: MDS stress plots. Item S11: List of Laramide-Mexican basin detrital zircon sample names. </p>
Andean-type, bivergent crustal shortening in the Rinkian orogen: New constraints on the tectonic evolution of Laurentia–West Greenland in the Paleoproterozoic
Authors: Grocott John , Thrane Kristine , McCaffrey Kenneth J.W. , Sleath Phoebe R. , Dziggel Annika 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The “Rinkian belt” of West Greenland is a metamorphic terrain of Paleoproterozoic age comprising: (1) the north Rinkian fold-thrust belt (FTB)—a pro- or fore-arc domain, highly deformed and metamorphosed with widespread anatexis; (2) the Prøven Igneous Complex—a magmatic arc characterized by hypersthene granitic rocks (“charnockites”); (3) the south Rinkian FTB—an inverted back-arc basin; and 4) a continental margin or foreland. Recognition of this tectonic architecture demonstrates that the “Rinkian” is a bona fide orogenic belt—the Rinkian orogen— and not simply the imbricated lower plate of the Nagssugtoqidian orogen. Arc plutons of the Prøven Igneous Complex were emplaced into the Karrat Group at ca. 1.90–1.85 Ga, dividing a back-arc basin into pro- and retro-arc domains. In the former—the north Rinkian FTB—WSW-directed thrusting (deformation events D1-D2) and high-grade metamorphism were taking place by ca. 1.875 Ga and were continuous through ca. 1.850 Ga with a peak temperature at ca. 1.830 Ma accompanied by anatexis in the Karrat Group and lower units of the Prøven Igneous Complex. In the retro-arc domain—the south Rinkian FTB—thrusting to the E (D1) began at ca. 1.870 Ma followed by thrusting to the W (D2) at ca. 1.830–1.820 Ga with displacement focused into a major high-temperature ductile shear zone which carried the Prøven Igneous Complex in the hanging wall of an Andean-type, crustal-scale, “pop-up” structure. High-temperature deformation continued during D3 when the pro-arc, arc, and retro-arc domains were shortened by bivergent detachment folding and thrusting at ca. 1.820–1.810 Ga.
Advance care planning and hospital outcomes in solid tumour oncology inpatients
Authors: Qeska Denis , Chow Ronald , Balboni Tracy A , Kapo Jennifer , Zimmermann Camilla , Prsic Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the association between advance care planning (ACP) and outcomes of in-hospital mortality, 30-day hospital readmission and 30-day emergency department (ED) visits among patients with cancer.MethodsThis observational cohort analysis included patients with solid tumour malignancies receiving oncology care and admitted at Yale New Haven Hospital between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021.ResultsAmong 19 422 patients, 1283 (6.6%) had a documented ACP note. Compared with patients without an ACP, patients with an ACP tended to be older, have longer LOS, be admitted to an oncology inpatient team, subsequently admitted to intensive care unit and have a lower Rothman Index. Multivariable logistic regression identified ACP as independently associated with decreased 30-day readmission (OR=0.70 (95% CI: 0.60 to 0.82)) and 30-day ED visit (OR=0.79 (95% CI: 0.68 to 0.91)), adjusting for in-hospital mortality and patient characteristics.ConclusionACP documentation is associated with decreased readmissions and ED visits, independent of hospice utilisation.
How hydrophobicity shapes the architecture of protein assemblies
Authors: Cedano Juan A. , Querol Enrique , Mozo-Villarías Angel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe interactions that give rise to protein self-assembly are basically electrical and hydrophobic in origin. The electrical interactions are approached in this study as the interaction between electrostatic dipoles originated by the asymmetric distribution of their charged amino acids. However, hydrophobicity is not easily derivable from basic physicochemical principles. Its treatment is carried out here considering a hydrophobic force field originated by “hydrophobic charges”. These charges are indices obtained experimentally from the free energies of transferring amino acids from polar to hydrophobic media. Hydrophobic dipole moments are used here in a manner analogous to electric dipole moments, and an empirical expression of interaction energy between hydrophobic dipoles is derived. This methodology is used with two examples of self-assembly systems of different complexity. It was found that the hydrophobic dipole moments of proteins tend to interact in such a way that they align parallel to each other in a completely analogous way to how phospholipids are oriented in biological membranes to form the well-known double layer. In this biological membrane model (BM model), proteins tend to interact in a similar way, although in this case this alignment is modulated by the tendency of the corresponding electrostatic dipoles to counter-align.
Graphical abstract
Optimal Multisecret Image Sharing Using Lightweight Visual Sign-Cryptography Scheme With Optimal Key Generation for Gray/Color Images
Authors: Bachiphale Pramod M. , Zulpe Nitish S. 
Published: July 2023

Problem: Digital devices are becoming increasingly powerful and smart, which is improving quality of life, but presents new challenges to privacy protection. Visual cryptographic schemes provide data sharing privacy, but have drawbacks such as extra storage space, lossy secret images, and the need to store permutation keys. Aim: This paper proposes a light-weight visual sign-cryptography scheme based on optimal key generation to address the disadvantages of existing visual cryptographic schemes and improve the security, sharing quality, and time consumption of multisecret images. Methods: The proposed light-weight visual sign-cryptography (LW-VSC) scheme consists of three processes: band separation, shares generation, and signcryption/un-signcryption. The process of separation and shares generation is done by an existing method. The multiple shares of the secret images are then encrypted/decrypted using light-weight sign-cryptography. The proposed scheme uses a novel harpy eagle search optimization (HESO) algorithm to generate optimal keys for both the encrypt/decrypt processes. Results: Simulation results and comparative analysis showed the proposed scheme is more secure and requires less storage space, with faster encryption/decryption and improved key generation quality. Conclusion: The proposed light-weight visual sign-cryptography scheme based on optimal key generation is a promising approach to enhance security and improve data sharing quality. The HESO algorithm shows promise in improving the quality of key generation, providing better privacy protection in the face of increasingly powerful digital devices.
Social legacy and geoheritage significance of the largely overlooked Catahoula Volcanic Ash of South Texas
Authors: González Juan L. , Hinthorne James R. , Skowroneck Russell K. , Bacha-Garza Roseann , Miller Christopher L. , Hardage Sarah M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The Oligocene–Miocene Catahoula Formation occurs along the length of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain from the Rio Grande to the state of Mississippi. In Starr County, in South Texas, the formation is typified by the 20 m-thick Catahoula Volcanic Ash, interpreted to represent a single caldera eruption. The massive ash fall is the main source of the uranium that has been mined in South Texas since the late 1950s. It is also the origin of massive amounts of petrified wood, which was used in prehistory for making projectile points and continues to be used for landscaping. Diagenetic alteration of the volcanic ash produced the distinctive El Sauz Chert, which was used by native Americans for 10 000 years to make projectile points. More recently, the Catahoula Volcanic Ash was used as pozzolanic aggregate with Portland cement for the construction of Falcon Dam. The outcrop of the Catahoula Volcanic Ash in Starr County is the centrepiece of a geoheritage initiative, titled ‘
Ancient Landscapes of South Texas at the Nexus of Natural and Cultural History
’, whose goal is to connect the earth and social sciences to educate residents, students and visitors in how the region's geology has played a significant role in its social history.
A Pilot Study Omitting Radiation in the Treatment of Children with Newly Diagnosed Wnt-Activated Medulloblastoma
Authors: Cohen Kenneth J. , Munjapara Vasu , Aguilera Dolly , Castellino Robert C. , Stapleton Stacie L. , Landi Daniel , Ashley David M. , Rodriguez Fausto J. , Hawkins Cynthia , Yang Edward , London Wendy , Chi Susan , Bandopadhayay Pratiti 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Treatment of wingless (WNT)-activated medulloblastoma (WNT+MB) with surgery, irradiation (XRT), and chemotherapy results in excellent outcomes. We studied the efficacy of therapy de-intensification by omitting XRT entirely in children with WNT+MB.

Patients and Methods:
Tumors were molecularly screened to confirm the diagnosis of WNT+MB. Eligible children were treated within 31 days following surgery with nine cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy per ACNS0331. No XRT was planned. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of relapse, progression, or death in the absence of XRT within the first two years after study enrollment. Four events in the first 10 evaluable patients would result in early study closure.

Results:
Fourteen children were prescreened, and nine met the protocol definition of WNT+MB. Six of the nine eligible patients consented to protocol therapy, and five completed planned protocol therapy. The first two children enrolled relapsed shortly after therapy completion with local and leptomeningeal recurrences. The study was closed early due to safety concerns. Both children are surviving after XRT and additional chemotherapy. A third child relapsed at completion of therapy but died of progressive disease 35 months from diagnosis. Two children finished treatment but immediately received post-treatment XRT to guard against early relapse. The final child's treatment was aborted in favor of a high-dose therapy/stem cell rescue approach. Although OS at 5 years is 83%, no child received only planned protocol therapy, with all receiving eventual XRT and/or alternative therapy.

Conclusions:
Radiotherapy is required to effectively treat children with WNT-altered medulloblastoma.
See related commentary by Gottardo and Gajjar, p. 4996
Triple-Dip La Niña Contributes to Pakistan Flooding and Southern China Drought in Summer 2022
Authors: Jeong Hyein , Park Hyo-Seok , Chowdary Jasti S. , Xie Shang-Ping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 2022, a long-lasting La Niña entered its third year. In Asia, southern China was in the grip of a historic drought while heavy rainfall ravaged Pakistan. Using a climate model forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SST) over the equatorial Pacific, we show that the back-to-back La Niña events from 2020 to 2022 are a key contributor to the global SST pattern in 2022, including the negative-phase Pacific decadal oscillation and exceptionally strong negative Indian Ocean dipole. The model reproduces the observed precipitation pattern over South and East Asia, including enhanced rainfall over Pakistan–northwest India and reduced rainfall over southern China. Additional model simulations indicate that the negative Indian Ocean dipole combined with La Niña reduces southern China rainfall by causing anomalous subsidence and anticyclonic flows. These results highlight the dominant role of long-lasting La Niña in modulating rainfall over heavily populated monsoon Asia.
Estimation of Transmitted Differential Phase on Dual-Polarization Radars
Authors: Zrnić D. S. , Melnikov V. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A measurement procedure to determine transmitted differential phase between horizontally and vertically polarized radiation of a dual-polarization radar is presented. It is applicable to radars that transmit and receive simultaneously horizontally and vertically (SHV) polarized waves. The method relies solely on weather data with no instrument intrusions whatsoever. It takes data at vertical incidence while the antenna rotates in azimuth. That way, a large number of samples is collected to reduce statistical errors in estimates. The theory indicates that the transmitted differential phase appears prominently in the backscatter signals off the melting layer. That and relations between various elements of the backscattering matrix are used to derive a set of nonlinear equations whereby the differential phase on transmission is one of the unknowns. Steps for solving these equations are presented as well as a demonstration of the results on radar data. A simplified algorithm that bypasses the coupled nonlinear equations is exposed. Conditions under which the simplification can be applied are presented. These restrict the range of the transmitted differential phase for which the simplified procedure may be applied.
Effect of intra-aortic balloon pump with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock: A meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Yidan , Zeng Min , Zhou Yifang , Qiu Wenjie , Zeng Ruixiang , Zhou Yuanshen 
Published: July 2023

Background The effectiveness of a concomitant intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) intervention in acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock (AMICS) patients is contested in the literature. This study sought to compare short-term mortality weaning rate from VA-ECMOin AMICS cases. Methods We conducted a literature review and compared the primary and secondary endpoints in the following treatment groups of AMICS patients: (1) VA-ECMO plus IABP vs. IABP alone and (2) VA-ECMO plus IABP vs. VA-ECMO alone. The primary endpoint was in-hospital all-cause mortality; while 30-days mortality, weaning from VA-ECMO, and vascular complications comprised secondary endpoints. Results VA-ECMO concomitant with IABP was administered to 3,580 (76.4%) patients, while IABP alone and VA-ECMO alone treatments accounted for 1.7% and 21.9% of the patients, respectively. We found that in-hospital mortality was significantly lower in patients treated with VA-ECMO plus IABP vs. VA-ECMO alone (odds ratio (OR) = 0.52; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.21–1.31; I-squared statistic ( I2 = 30%) or IABP alone (OR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.08–0.55; I2 = 0%). Additionally, 30-days mortality was significantly lower in patients treated with VA-ECMO plus IABP vs. VA-ECMO alone (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.25–0.40; I2 = 0%) or IABP alone (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.11–0.50; I2 = 0%). A significant difference was observed in weaning from VA-ECMO in patients treated with VA-ECMO plus IABP vs. VA-ECMO alone (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.09–3.33; I2 = 0%). Conclusion In-hospital and 30-days mortality were significantly lower in AMICS patients treated with VA-ECMO plus IABP vs. VA-ECMO alone or IABP alone. VA-ECMO with concomitant IABP could increase the proportion of patients weaned from VA-ECMO, significantly reducing in-hospital mortality, without increasing complications.
Intracranial stenting for large vessel intracranial atherosclerotic disease: Retrospective study
Authors: Naftali Jonathan , Findler Michael , Perlow Alain , Barnea Rani , Brauner Ran , Auriel Eitan , Raphaeli Guy 
Published: July 2023

Background Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a common cause for stroke and can be defined as symptomatic (stroke) or asymptomatic. Current guidelines recommend against intracranial stenting (ICS) for patients with ICAD; treatment of patients who failed the best medical therapy is still debatable. Methods We introduce a preliminary retrospective analysis of our tertiary stroke center during 2018–2022 of patients that were treated with ICS either in acute phase or elective (eICS). Study endpoints were stroke, functional outcome (modified Rankin Score [mRS] at 3 months), and serious adverse events. Results Thirty-three stents were implanted, 21 in acute group and 12 in the eICS group. Most patients (75%) were treated with a new generation self-expandible stent. One patient had peri-procedural stroke and four patients had transient ischemic event or stroke during follow-up. There were eight cases of death (all acute group patients, seven of which occurred in the posterior circulation). Fifteen patients (62%) had favorable clinical outcomes (mRS 0-2 for pre-stroke), of which 10/10 (100%) in the eICS, the other two eICS patients had pre-morbid mRS 3 with no clinical change. Conclusions The evolution of new devices for ICS and the accumulating interventional experience might open a new era. As no other effective alternative treatment options exist for preventing recurrent stroke, stenting is still common practice in many tertiary centers either urgently or as elective procedure for refractory cases.
Estimating the impact of balloon guide catheter with mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: A U.S. cost analysis
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Kottenmeier Emilie , Kabiri Mina , Khaled Alia , Pederson John M , Al-Bayati Alhamza R 
Published: July 2023

Background Balloon guide catheters (BGCs) can be used adjunctively during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Evaluating the potential economic impact associated with adjunctive BGC use is an important consideration for resource allocation. Methods Decision tree models were used to estimate the economic value of BGC use in MT through its impact on functional outcomes. Healthcare utilization cost estimates in the short- and long-term for patients with different 90-day mRS scores were analyzed for MT-only and MT + BGC scenarios. Deterministic (one-way) and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness and uncertainty of model parameters. Results Per-patient index hospitalization cost was estimated at $65,260 for MT-only and $62,883 for MT + BGC scenarios. Per-patient one-year post-index hospitalization cost was estimated at $27,569 for MT-only and $24,830 for MT + BGC. MT + BGC had a total cost savings of $5117 compared with MT-only. Deterministic (one-way) sensitivity analysis demonstrated that cost saving per patient was most sensitive to the proportion of patients in the mRS 0–2 category in both MT + BGC and MT-only. In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, mean per-patient costs for the index hospitalization were estimated at $63,737 for MT-only and $61,425 for MT + BGC. Mean per-patient cost estimates one-year post-index hospitalization was $27,445 for MT-only and $24,715 for MT + BGC. MT + BGC had a total cost savings of $5043 compared with MT-only. Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy with adjunctive BGC use may reduce short-term and long-term patient costs due to improved functional outcomes when compared to MT treatment alone for AIS.