bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the availability of community-based home visiting services for oldest-old in China, 2005–2018
Authors: Li Zhong , Xuan Mingsong , Gao Yukuan , He Ruibo , Qian Dongfu , Hung Peiyin 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to examine trends in neighbourhood availability of community-based home visiting services (CHVS) (ie, coverage by local primary healthcare providers) over time and disparities in service availability according to individual characteristics using nationwide data of oldest-old individuals (age >80) in China.DesignRepeated, cross-sectional study.SettingThis study derived nationally representative data from the 2005–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey.ParticipantsA final analytical sample of 38 032 oldest-old individuals.Primary outcome measuresAvailability of CHVS was defined as having home visiting services in one’s neighbourhood. Cochran-Armitage tests were used to test linear trends in the proportions of oldest-old with service availability. Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine variations in service availability across individual characteristics.ResultsOf 38 032 oldest-old individuals, availability of CHVS decreased from 9.7% in 2005 to 7.8% in 2008/2009, followed by continual increases to 33.7% in 2017/2018. These changes were similar between rural and urban oldest-old. After accounting for individual characteristics, in 2017/2018, compared with their counterparts, urban residents who had white-collar jobs before retirement and those residing in Western and Northeast China were less likely to have service availability. Oldest-old with disabilities, those living alone and those with low incomes did not report having greater availability of CHVS in either 2005 or 2017/2018.ConclusionsDespite the increasing service availability over the past 13 years, persistent geographical disparities in the availability of CHVS remain. As of 2017/2018, only one in three oldest-old in China reported having service availability, which raises concerns regarding continuity of care across different settings of services for those most in need, especially those living alone or with disabilities. National policies and targeting efforts are necessary to improve the availability of CHVS and reduce inequity in service availability for optimal long-term care to the oldest-old population in China.
Validation of the Pediatric Resuscitation and Trauma Outcome (PRESTO) model in injury patients in Tanzania
Authors: Keating Elizabeth M , Mitao Modesta , Kozhumam Arthi , Souza Joao Vitor , Anthony Cecilia S , Costa Dalton Breno , Staton Catherine A , Mmbaga Blandina T , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of unintentional paediatric injury deaths. The Pediatric Resuscitation and Trauma Outcome (PRESTO) model predicts mortality using patient variables available in low-resource settings: age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation, need for supplemental oxygen (SO) and neurologic status (Alert Verbal Painful Unresponsive (AVPU)). We sought to validate and assess the prognostic performance of PRESTO for paediatric injury patients at a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Tanzania.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study from a prospective trauma registry from November 2020 to April 2022. We performed exploratory analysis of sociodemographic variables and developed a logistic regression model to predict mortality using R (V.4.1). The logistic regression model was evaluated using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).Results499 patients were enrolled with a median age of 7 years (IQR 3.41–11.18). 65% were boys, and in-hospital mortality was 7.1%. Most were classified as alert on AVPU Scale (n=326, 86%) and had normal SBP (n=351, 98%). Median HR was 107 (IQR 88.5–124). The logistic regression model based on the original PRESTO model revealed that AVPU, HR and SO were statistically significant to predict in-hospital mortality. The model fit to our population revealed AUC=0.81, sensitivity=0.71 and specificity=0.79.ConclusionThis is the first validation of a model to predict mortality for paediatric injury patients in Tanzania. Despite the low number of participants, our results show good predictive potential. Further research with a larger injury population should be done to improve the model for our population, such as through calibration.
Retrospective analysis of cataract surgery outcomes in China from 2009 to 2018: from a national registry system data
Authors: Feng Jingjing , Jan Catherine , Peng Yaguang , He Mingguang , An Lei , Zhan Leilei , Shi Wei , Peng Xiaoxia , Shang Wenhan , Li Wei , Xu Xiao , Yao Li 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate patients’ benefits after cataract surgery and to form recommendations for Chinese national health policy decision makers and administration departments based on the quality of cataract treatments.MethodAn observational study based on real-world data source from the National Cataract Recovery Surgery Information Registration and Reporting System.ResultsA total of 14 157 463 original records were reported from 1 July 2009 to 31 December 2018. The factors that influenced the 3-day postsurgical best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the primary outcome, were analysed by logistic regression analysis. We found that a history of hypertension (OR=0.916) or diabetes (OR=0.912), presurgical pupil abnormality (OR=0.571) and high intraocular pressure (OR=0.578) were harmful to the postsurgical BCVA improvement (BCVA ≥6/20), while male sex (OR=1.113), better presurgical BCVA level (OR=5.996 for ≥6/12–<6/7.5 and OR=2.610 for >6/60–<6/12 taken ≤6/60 as reference), age-related cataract (OR=1.825) and intraocular lens implantation (OR=1.886) were statistically beneficial to the postsurgical BCVA improvement. Compared with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with large incision, the ECCE with small incision (OR value=1.810) and the phacoemulsification (OR=1.420) significantly improved the benefit probability.ConclusionECCE with small incision has comparable effects on postsurgical BCVA improvement of phacoemulsification. Therefore, ECCE could be an alternative cataract surgical treatment in economically underdeveloped areas in China, provided the surgeons are adequately trained.
Moving beyond audit: driving system learning using a novel mortality classification system in a tertiary training hospital in Kenya
Authors: Steere Mardi , Mbugua Evelyn , Davis Richard E , Mailu Faith , Adam Mary B 
Published: April 2023

Clinical classification systems have proliferated since the APGAR score was introduced in 1953. Numerical scores and classification systems enable qualitative clinical descriptors to be transformed into categorical data, with both clinical utility and ability to provide a common language for learning. The clarity of classification rubrics embedded in a mortality classification system provides the shared basis for discussion and comparison of results. Mortality audits have been long seen as learning tools, but have tended to be siloed within a department and driven by individual learner need. We suggest that the learning needs of the system are also important. Therefore, the ability to learn from small mistakes and problems, rather than just from serious adverse events, remains facilitated.We describe a mortality classification system developed for use in the low-resource context and how it is ‘fit for purpose,’ able to drive both individual trainee, departmental and system learning. The utility of this classification system is that it addresses the low-resource context, including relevant factors such as limited prehospital emergency care, delayed presentation, and resource constraints. We describe five categories: (1) anticipated death or complication following terminal illness; (2) expected death or complication given clinical situation, despite taking preventive measures; (3) unexpected death or complication, not reasonably preventable; (4) potentially preventable death or complication: quality or systems issues identified and (5) unexpected death or complication resulting from medical intervention. We document how this classification system has driven learning at the individual trainee level, the departmental level, supported cross learning between departments and is being integrated into a comprehensive system-wide learning tool.
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiac rhythm change over time in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Shibahashi Keita , Kato Taichi , Hikone Mayu , Sugiyama Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundWhether and how bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) modifies the cardiac rhythm after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) over time remains unclear. We investigated the association between bystander CPR and the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) as the first documented cardiac rhythm.MethodsWe identified individuals with witnessed OHCA of cardiac origin from a nationwide population-based OHCA registry in Japan between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2019. The first documented cardiac rhythm was compared between patients who received bystander CPR and those who did not, using a 1:2 propensity score-matched analysis.ResultsOf 309 900 patients with witnessed OHCA of cardiac origin, 71 887 (23.2%) received bystander CPR. Propensity score matching paired 71 882 patients who received bystander CPR with 143 764 who did not. The likelihood of detecting a VF/VT rhythm was significantly higher among patients who received bystander CPR than among those who did not (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.63 to 1.69; p<0.001). Comparing the two groups at each time point, the difference in the proportions of patients with VF/VT rhythms peaked at 15–20 min but was insignificant at 30 min postcollapse (15 min after collapse; 20.9% vs 13.9%; p<0.001). The likelihood of a pulseless electrical activity rhythm was significantly lower in patients who received bystander CPR during the first 25 min postcollapse (15 min after collapse; 26.2% vs 31.5%; p<0.001). The two groups had no significant difference in the likelihood of asystole (15 min after collapse; 51.0% vs 53.3%; p=0.078).ConclusionBystander CPR was associated with a higher VF/VT likelihood and a lower likelihood of pulseless electrical activity at first documented rhythm analysis. Our results support early CPR for OHCA and highlight the need for further research to understand whether and how CPR modifies the cardiac rhythm after arrest.
Retrograde endovascular recanalization of chronic common carotid total occlusion: a technical video
Authors: Radu Răzvan Alexandru , Cagnazzo Federico , Derraz Imad , Gascou Grégory , Costalat Vincent 
Published: April 2023

Common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion with patency of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare cause of stroke with no consensus on optimal management.1 Open surgery, most often CCA-subclavian or CCA-aortic arch bypass techniques, have been used to recanalize short proximal occlusions.1 2 Endovascular revascularization of chronic total ICA occlusion was proposed with promising results in previous reports.3–5 However, endovascular recanalization for chronic CCA occlusion has rarely been described in the literature, and the reports involved mainly right-sided occlusions or occlusions with residual CCA stumps.6 Anterograde endovascular management of chronic long left-sided CCA occlusions is problematic due to lack of support, notably when no proximal stump is present.4 In this video, we present a case of known long-chronic CCA occlusion managed by retrograde echo-guided ICA puncture and stent-assisted reconstruction.(video 1)Video 1
Microstructure evolution of a compacted lateritic silt upon drying–wetting and loading
Authors: Gu Chuan , He Xuan , Ge Miaomiao , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2023

Lateritic soil usually contains a large amount of iron and aluminium, which promotes the formation of large-size aggregations and further affects soil fabric. It has been demonstrated that the microstructure of soil influences the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour significantly. As a commonly used filling material with special mineral composition, the microstructure change of lateritic soil under common environment actions, such as wetting and loading, is thus of great importance. In this study, the microstructure properties of a lateritic silt under drying–wetting and one-dimensional compression were investigated using mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Test results show that large-sized aggregates are formed in the compacted lateritic silt with 10% of hematite. These aggregates induce a bi-modal pore size distribution (PSD) which includes both micropore and macropore peaks. The different macropore distributions under various dry densities lead to scattered soil–water characteristic curves in a suction range less than 20 MPa. Changes in volume and pore structure mainly occur in the suction path within the “transition zone” where the dominant capillarity affects only the macropore. Drying causes an increase in macropores due to the decreased volume of aggregates, while has limited effect on micropores, whereas wetting weakens the bonding between aggregates, and induces a reduction in macropores. The compacted lateritic silt shows obvious collapse upon soaking, in which the collapse grows up to a peak and then turns to decrease with increasing stress level. Both loading and soaking lead to the collapse of macropores, whereas soaking tends to affect a broader range of pore sizes. It is inferred that, the strong particle cementation produced by hematite leads to a strong micropore structure, which is almost unaffected by the suction change under both confined and unconfined conditions. The PSD change due to the variation in suction is different from that observed on other compacted fine-grained soils, which verifies the effects of special mineral composition (iron and aluminium) on microstructure and further the hydro-mechanical behaviour of lateritic soil.
Observational appearances of magnetically charged black holes in Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Authors: Wen Shangyu , Hong Wei , Tao Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the observational appearances of magnetically charged black holes in Born–Infeld (BI) electrodynamics. We examine the effects of the magnetic charge and the BI parameter on the geodesics with different impact parameters. Using the backward ray tracing method, we investigate how spherically symmetric accretions interact with black hole shadows and photon spheres. The shadows of infalling accretion are darker than that of static ones. Moreover, the radius of the photon sphere is an intrinsic property of the spacetime independent of accretions. We then study how the thin disk models affect the black hole shadows. After obtaining the transfer functions, we divide photons emitted from the thin disk into three categories: direct emission, lens ring, and photon ring. Applying three emission models, we find that the width of the shadow is dominated by the direct emission, the photon ring and the lens ring can hardly be identified by changing the emission models.
Abstract 116: A novel murine model for interrogating tumor heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Oh Michael S. , Abascal Jensen W. , Tran Linh M. , Salehi-Rad Ramin , Lim Raymond J. , Kahangi Bitta P. , Crosson William P. , Reyes Edgar Perez , Yang Jacey , Yeah Cara , Krysan Kostyantyn , Liu Bin , Dubinett Steven M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been transformed by the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which promote the ability of the immune system to attack cancer cells. Resistance to these therapies thus represents a major barrier to effectively treating patients with NSCLC. Tumor heterogeneity has been identified as an important factor that may mediate ICI resistance, and prior analyses of NSCLC tumors have accordingly shown that greater tumor heterogeneity is correlated with diminished response to ICIs. However, the exact mechanisms of heterogeneity-mediated resistance remain unclear, and there exist a lack of models for studying the impact of tumor heterogeneity on therapeutic efficacy in NSCLC. To address this issue, we have developed a novel murine model of NSCLC that incorporates a system of clonal cell lines to precisely modulate tumor heterogeneity. Specifically, we isolated single tumor cells from a murine NSCLC cell line harboring 3 common driver mutations (KrasG12DTp53+/−Lkb1−/−, or “KPL”). We additionally isolated single cells after mutagenizing the KPL line with the alkylating agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, in order to obtain clones that better reflect the higher tumor mutation burden often seen in NSCLC. Clonal cell lines were derived from these single cells and then analyzed using whole exome sequencing to verify clonality and characterize their mutational profile. Phylogenetic analysis of mutations yielded categorization of these clones into 5 clusters. Clones within the same cluster demonstrated comparable in vivo growth kinetics and similar response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Combinations of these clones can be used to recapitulate various levels of heterogeneity and to form tumors with differing responses to PD-1 inhibition. Our results validate this system of clonal cell lines as a model of NSCLC that can modify multiple aspects of tumor heterogeneity and thus provide insights into the effects of tumor heterogeneity on ICIs and other immunotherapies.
Citation Format: Michael S. Oh, Jensen W. Abascal, Linh M. Tran, Ramin Salehi-Rad, Raymond J. Lim, Bitta P. Kahangi, William P. Crosson, Edgar Perez Reyes, Jacey Yang, Cara Yeah, Kostyantyn Krysan, Bin Liu, Steven M. Dubinett. A novel murine model for interrogating tumor heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 116.
Abstract 1226: SETD2 loss in renal epithelial cells induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in a TGFβ-independent manner
Authors: Wang Tianchu , Wagner Ryan , Hlady Ryan , Kim Sungho , Pan Xiaoyu , Ho Thai , Robertson Keith 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and accounts for majority of the deaths from renal cancer. SETD2, the sole histone methyltransferase that catalyzes trimethylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me3), is frequently mutated in ccRCC. Studies have shown that SETD2 mutations are often subclonal and the mutation rate dramatically increases from 25% in primary ccRCC to more than 60% in metastatic ccRCC, suggesting SETD2 loss plays an important role in renal cancer metastasis. However, mechanisms underpinning how SETD2 mutation drives invasion and metastasis in ccRCC is largely unknown. Here, by performing RNA-seq and ATAC-seq in a non-tumorigenic renal epithelial cell line isogenic for SETD2 loss-of-function, we found that SETD2 inactivation induces dramatic changes in the transcriptome and drastically enhances chromatin accessibility, which allows binding of a variety of transcription factors. We also discovered that SETD2 loss induces a TGFβ-independent EMT program, which is a major pathway linked to metastasis. Correlation of RNA-seq with ATAC-seq identifies SOX2, OCT2 and PRRX1 as key transcription factors promoting the SETD2 loss-driven EMT program. Furthermore, we found that this distinct EMT program is in part triggered by secreted factors, which suggests that SETD2 mutation promotes a metastasis-permissive tumor microenvironment through paracrine signaling. In summary, our findings reveal that SETD2 is a key regulator of EMT phenotypes that may explain the role of SETD2 mutations in ccRCC metastasis and further uncover potential therapeutic targets for SETD2-mutant ccRCC patients.
Citation Format: Tianchu Wang, Ryan Wagner, Ryan Hlady, Sungho Kim, Xiaoyu Pan, Thai Ho, Keith Robertson. SETD2 loss in renal epithelial cells induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in a TGFβ-independent manner [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1226.
Abstract 1228: TCF1 orchestrates the epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid phenotype in basal breast cancer via upregulation of FOXC2 leading to stemness and metastasis
Authors: Liang Huizhi , Benard Outhiriaradjou , Suyama Kimita , Ren Zuen , Wang Hao , Norton Larry , Hazan Rachel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process driven by carcinoma cells undergoing partial and/or complete EMT, leading to tumor heterogeneity and malignancy. Here we show that TCF1, a TCF7 gene product, promotes an epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid (E/M) phenotype that was enriched in canonical Wnt signaling, stemness and metastatic properties. TCF1 knockdown in PyMT mammary tumor cells suppressed stemness and metastasis coincident with attenuation of the E/M phenotype in vivo. Interestingly, E/M cells (CD104highCD44high) isolated from human basal-like breast cancer cell lines, were enriched in TCF1, EMT and stemness markers relative to M cells (CD104 lowCD44high). In vivo, E/M cells showed dramatically increased tumorigenic, metastatic and organoid-forming potential as compared to M cells; which were in turn provoked by TCF1 overexpression in bulk mammary cancer cells. Remarkably, RNA sequencing unraveled striking upregulation of FOXC2 in E/M relative to M cells, which was suppressed by TCF1 inhibition. Moreover, FOXC2 knockdown in E/M cells destabilized the E/M state, whereas FOXC2 overexpression induced M to E/M transition. Together, these results demonstrate that TCF1 orchestrates the E/M state via upregulation of FOXC2, resulting in stemness and metastasis.
Citation Format: Huizhi Liang, Outhiriaradjou Benard, Kimita Suyama, Zuen Ren, Hao Wang, Larry Norton, Rachel Hazan. TCF1 orchestrates the epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid phenotype in basal breast cancer via upregulation of FOXC2 leading to stemness and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1228.