bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologically Inspired Design Concept Generation Using Generative Pre-Trained Transformers
Authors: Zhu Qihao , Zhang Xinyu , Luo Jianxi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Biological systems in nature have evolved for millions of years to adapt and survive the environment. Many features they developed can be inspirational and beneficial for solving technical problems in modern industries. This leads to a specific form of design-by-analogy called bio-inspired design (BID). Although BID as a design method has been proven beneficial, the gap between biology and engineering continuously hinders designers from effectively applying the method. Therefore, we explore the recent advance of artificial intelligence (AI) for a data-driven approach to bridge the gap. This paper proposes a generative design approach based on the generative pre-trained language model (PLM) to automatically retrieve and map biological analogy and generate BID in the form of natural language. The latest generative pre-trained transformer, namely generative pre-trained transformer 3 (GPT-3), is used as the base PLM. Three types of design concept generators are identified and fine-tuned from the PLM according to the looseness of the problem space representation. Machine evaluators are also fine-tuned to assess the mapping relevancy between the domains within the generated BID concepts. The approach is evaluated and then employed in a real-world project of designing light-weighted flying cars during its conceptual design phase The results show our approach can generate BID concepts with good performance.
Time- and Space-Dependent Reliability-Based Design With Envelope Method
Authors: Wu Hao , Du Xiaoping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeterministic optimization may lead to unreliable design results if significant uncertainty exists. Including reliability constraints in reliability-based design (RBD) can solve such a problem. It is difficult to use current RBD methods to deal with time- and space-dependent reliability when responses vary randomly with respect to time and space. This study employs an envelope method for time- and space-dependent reliability for the optimal design. To achieve high accuracy, we propose an inverse envelope method that converts a time- and space-dependent limit-state function into a time- and space-independent counterpart and then use the second-order saddlepoint approximation to compute the probability of failure. The strategy is to find an equivalent most probable point for a given permitted probability of failure for each reliability constraint. To achieve high efficiency, we use a sequential optimization process to decouple the double-loop structure of RBD. The overall optimization is performed with a sequence of cycles consisting of deterministic optimization and reliability analysis. The constraints of the deterministic optimization are formulated using the equivalent most probable points. The accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated with four examples, including one mathematical problem and three engineering problems.
Predicting Behavior of Gas-Solids Systems for Non-Uniform Fluidization
Authors: Battaglia Francine , England Jonas A. , Estejab Bahareh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA new method was developed to predict the pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity as a function of inlet gas velocity for multicomponent fluidized beds. The method attributes the changing bed composition during the fluidization process by using a definition for the mass fractions of the bed not yet fluidized. First, a literature survey presents single and multicomponent system correlations that estimate the minimum fluidization velocity. Then, development of the “MASS method” was described and compared to published experimental data and numerical simulations for pressure drop from single-, binary-, and ternary-component fluidized bed systems, where good agreement was observed. Minimum fluidization velocities predicted using correlations in the literature were compared with the MASS method and corresponding experimental data and numerical simulations. The predicted minimum fluidization velocity from the MASS method provided very good results with a relative error of ±4% compared to experimental data. The MASS method was shown to accurately predict fluidization of complex multicomponent systems of granular material and can be used to predict other systems.
Numerical Study of Composite Percussive Drilling With Consideration of Heat Transfer Between Drilling Fluid and Bottom-Hole Rock in Geothermal Drilling
Authors: Song Hengyu , Xia Yan , Yuan Guangjie , Li Jingcui , Liu Tianen , Shi Huaizhong , Tang Yinhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article conducted a numerical study of composite percussive drilling with consideration of heat transfer between drilling fluid and bottom-hole rock in geothermal drilling, and analyzed influences of temperature, impact parameters, and heat transfer on rock fragmentation characteristics and energy transfer patterns. In this article, a model for a percussive drilling system based on the coupling of composite percussion and heat transfer was built. The rock fragmentation mechanism and energy transfer efficiency under the coupling of composite percussion and thermal exchange were studied. The main study results are as follows. As the temperature enhances, the total energy transfer efficiency declines, and the tensile damage area shrinks, while the outward extension of tensile cracks enhances. The total energy transfer efficiency enhances with the increase of the heat flux. The thermal load of the rock caused by heat transfer is essentially tensile stress. As the heat flux enhances, the tensile damage areas of the rock gradually expand and interconnect. Under the couplings of composite percussion and heat transfer, the heat transfer can intensify the rock breakage by tensile stress and enhance the energy transfer efficiency, and large deformation of the rock generated by composite percussion can promote the heat transfer process of drilling fluid and high-temperature rock, which in turn enhances the rock thermal damage. This study reveals coupling mechanisms of composite percussion and heat transfer and provides parameter optimization basis for composite percussive drilling in geothermal well.
Integrating Physical and Numerical Simulation of Horizontal Well Steam Flooding in a Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Yonghui , Lai Nanjun , Hu Tinghui , Pang Zhanxi , Liu Tianyu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
LD-N extra-heavy oil reservoir in Bohai Sea is characterized with deep burial and large bottom water. Horizontal-well steam huff “n” puff has been applied, yet due to water coning and serious heat losses, the oil recovery after three cycles turned out to be rather low (1.58%). To find an appropriate follow-up process, this study proposed and analyzed three different flooding schemes: steam flooding, multiple-thermal-fluid flooding, and foam flooding. Scaled 3D physical experiments and corresponding numerical simulation have been conducted to investigate the heating chamber development and fluid production. History match and parametric analyses have been carried out to optimize the well performance and operating conditions. The optimized results include 360 m3/d instantaneous steam injection rate, 1.3–1.4 production-injection ratio, and 13–16 m water avoidance height. In addition, the production well is recommended to be placed above the injection well. These findings provide a useful guidance for the design of thermal recovery schemes and the optimization of production processes for heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water.
A Study of the Velocity Field During Mitigation of Vortex Breakdown in Model Francis Turbine at High Load
Authors: Goyal Rahul , Cervantes Michel J. , Masoodi Faiz Azhar , Sahu Pallav 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Off-design operation leads to the development of flow instabilities like vortex breakdown phenomenon which manifests as an enlarged vortex core in the draft tube at high load operating conditions. These flow instabilities are known to potentially have detrimental effects on turbine performance necessitating investigations on their formative and mitigation mechanisms. This work clarifies the evolving velocity maps characterizing vortex breakdown seen in a model Francis turbine draft tube during the transition from high load to best efficiency point. Velocity measurements have been performed inside a draft tube cone using a 2D particle image velocimetry system. Results show a wake-like velocity profile characterizing the vortex core in the draft tube cone at high load condition. The vortex core is a centrally located flow feature embodying a quasi-stagnant flow with recirculation regions. Surrounding the core, an axial outflow is seen with shear layers arising at the interface of core and outflow due to a substantial velocity gradient. Mitigation of this vortex core through a load rejection operation was further investigated. It is seen that as the flowrate approaches the best efficiency point, the shear layers between the outflow and central stagnation region break. The breakup leads to an axially dominated and streamlined flow. This is enabled by the reduction of the swirl until no central flow separation at the stagnation point occurs. The flow at the best efficiency point is thus devoid of the vortex core due to the absence of flow stagnation, the primary instability causing the core development.
American and European Hydrostatic Tubular Beam-Column Equation Comparisons
Authors: Ku Albert , Richmond Mark 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For structural design engineers, there is an apparent gap in how the hydrostatic pressure is treated between the American and European systems. In API RP-2A, the beam-column equations treat the axial and bending capacities the same as there is no hydrostatic pressure. This is physically not correct, as member utilization is a combination of hydrostatic, axial, and bending actions. In contrast, the ISO and NORSOK beam-column equations include reductions of axial and moment capacities due to hydrostatic effect. In this paper, available actual test data are compared with the API and ISO capacity equations. A third set of capacity equations provided by Chen et al. is also considered. Unity check (UC) results show that, although API equations lack the proper hydrostatic reduction in axial/bending capacities, it is compensated by the separate checks of hoop buckling and ultimate strength. For engineering applications, similar member designs will be obtained by either the European or the American systems.
Dynamic Performance Characteristics of a Porous Volumetric Solar Receiver Under Transient Flux Conditions
Authors: Sharma Sonika , Talukdar Prabal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The solar flux incident on a volumetric receiver is inherently unsteady, resulting in high thermal stresses, fatigue failures, and reduced component life. The knowledge of transient response characteristics of a porous volumetric receiver used in concentrating solar technologies is cardinal for its reliable and safe working. The dynamic controlling of the solar-to-thermal conversion process is also possible with the prior prediction of the output variations. The present study aims to investigate the transient behavior of a porous volumetric receiver subjected to flux variations approximations occurring in real working scenarios with the help of a coupled transient model. The solid and fluid temperature fields, output fluid temperature, and pressure drop variations are determined for transient flux conditions during start-up, shut-down, clear sky, and cloud passage. The results are used to analyze the thermal response of the receiver during various operating conditions. In addition, the effects of structural parameters of the porous absorber are also investigated. The results indicate that the receiver transient performance is comparatively more affected by the variation in porosity than in pore size for all conditions. Smaller porosities and pore sizes show slower thermal response to transient fluctuations and less temperature changes during cloud passage. Conversely, higher values help in the faster restoration of the steady-state output conditions without dynamic control.
Prevalence of, and factors associated with, alcohol use disorder among young adults (aged 15–24 years) living with HIV/AIDS in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Odokonyero Raymond Felix , Ocan Moses , Kinengyere Alison Annet , Nakasujja Noeline , Muhwezi Wilson W , Camlin Carol S , Hahn JA 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAlcohol use is a global driver of HIV infection and disease progression, mediated through risky behaviour and poor antiretroviral adherence. Most studies about the burden of alcohol use among people living with HIV (PLWH)/AIDS have been done in adult populations, but less is known about young people with HIV, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite the high level of alcohol use in these settings. The aim of this review is to collate evidence on the prevalence of, and factors associated with, alcohol use disorder (AUD) among young adults (aged 15–24 years) living with HIV/AIDS in LMICs.Methods and analysisTwo experienced librarians will conduct an independent article search in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science databases, using relevant Medical Subject Headings terms and Boolean operators (‘AND’, ‘OR’). We will include English-language articles that were published in peer-reviewed journals from 1 January 2000, to 25 July 2022, that documented the prevalence of AUD among young people (15–24 years) living with HIV in LMICs. We shall exclude systematic review articles and qualitative studies. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles for eligibility and data will be extracted onto a preset Excel spreadsheet. Data analysis will be done using Stata V.14.0. Heterogeneity will be assessed by use of theI2statistic and data will be pooled in meta-analyses where appropriate. Publication bias will be assessed using the funnel plot.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not needed as this systematic review will be based on published studies. Findings from this study will be disseminated via submission for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, at conference presentations, and made available to health professionals, scientists and policy makers. Our data set can be made available on request.Registration detailsPROSPERO, CRD42022308955
National, longitudinal NASCITA birth cohort study: prevalence of overweight at 12 months of age in children born healthy
Authors: Clavenna Antonio , Morabito Eleonora , Cartabia Massimo , Campi Rita , Pandolfini Chiara Liz , Bonati Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of overweight at 12 months in an Italian birth cohort and to identify factors related to an increased likelihood of being overweight.MethodsThe Italian NASCITA birth cohort was analysed. Infants were classified as underweight (<5th), normal weight (5–84th) and overweight (≥85th centile) at 12 months of age according to the WHO percentiles of body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of overweight was estimated. To test the association between the chance of being overweight and parental and newborn characteristics, and infant feeding, healthy newborns (no preterm/low birth weight and with no malformations), with appropriate-for-gestational-age birth weight were selected, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight was 23.5% (95% CI 22.2% to 24.8%) in all cohort members with 12-month data (N=4270), and 23.1% in the appropriate-for-gestational age subsample (N=2835).A big infant appetite (OR 3.92, 95% CI 2.40 to 6.40) and living in southern Italy (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.94) were the main variables associated with a greater likelihood of being overweight. Breastfeeding practice did not influence the chance of being overweight, but was associated with an increase (exclusive breast feeding for at least 6 months) or a decrease (breast feeding for at least 12 months) in BMI z score at 12 months.ConclusionsThe sociodemographic factors (eg, area of residence, maternal employment status) seem to be the most relevant determinants influencing the chance of being overweight at 12 months. Early interventions, with particular attention to vulnerable families, may be helpful in preventing childhood and adult obesity.
Importance of inclusive leadership in the pandemic response: the critical role of the physician
Authors: Destino Lauren , Lin Anna , Mathew Roshni , Lee Tzielan , Aziz Natali , Claura Rebecca , Kim Joe , Lee Grace 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in multiple logistical and communication challenges in the face of ever-changing guidance, disease prevalence and increasing evidence.MethodsAt Stanford Children’s Health (SCH), we felt physician input was an important element of pandemic response infrastructure, given our lens into patient care across its continuum. We formed the COVID-19 Physician Liaison Team (CPLT) consisting of representative physicians across the care continuum. The CPLT met regularly and communicated to the SCH’s COVID-19 task force responsible for the ongoing organisation pandemic response. The CPLT problem-solved around various issues including testing, patient care on our COVID-19 inpatient unit and communication gaps.ResultsThe CPLT contributed to conservation of rapid COVID-19 tests for critical patient care needs, decreased incident reports on our COVID-19 inpatient unit and helped enhance communication across the organisation, with a focus on physicians.ConclusionIn retrospect, the approach taken was in line with a distributed leadership model with physicians as integral members contributing to active lines of communication, continual problem-solving and new pathways to provide care.
Tapering glucocorticoids and risk of flare in rheumatoid arthritis on biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs)
Authors: Adami Giovanni , Fassio Angelo , Rossini Maurizio , Bertelle Davide , Pistillo Francesca , Benini Camilla , Viapiana Ombretta , Gatti Davide 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionGlucocorticoids are still a mainstream of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Reducing glucocorticoids should be attempted in all patients. However, choosing the right tapering strategy is challenging. The primary aim of our study is to determine the dose–response association between glucocorticoid tapering and risk of flare in RA.MethodsWe conducted a case-crossover study to determine the factors associated to higher risk of flare in patients with RA. In case-crossover studies time-varying factors are assessed before events (hazard periods) and before control periods. We defined hazard periods as the 6 months immediately preceding flares of RA. Control periods were the 6 months prior to visits without flare. Exposure of interest was the tapering of glucocorticoids to various doses.Results508 patients with RA were included in the study and 267 (52.5%) had at least a flare and served as the case-crossover study population. 1545 visits were available for analysis and 345 (22.3%) flares were recorded. Discontinuation of glucocorticoids (ie, tapering to doses of 0 mg/day) and tapering to 0–2.5 mg/day was associated with higher risk of flare (adjusted OR (aOR) of 1.45, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.24 and aOR of 1.37; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.01, respectively). Tapering to doses >2.5 mg/day was not associated with significantly higher risk of flare.ConclusionsWe found that tapering to doses of >2.5 mg/day was generally effective in terms of risk of flare. Flare risk was higher when glucocorticoids were tapered to doses ≤2.5 mg/day. Our study might help design new tapering strategies in patients with RA on biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Haemorrhage risk of brain arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy and puerperium
Authors: Liu Junyu , Zhang Honghao , Luo Chun , Guo Yuxin , Li Yifeng , Yuan Dun , Jiang Weixi , Yan Junxia 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess whether pregnancy and puerperium were associated with the risk of brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) haemorrhage.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2012 to December 2021. A case–crossover design was adopted to calculate the incidence density of bAVM-related haemorrhage among female patients in risk (pregnancy and puerperium) and control (non-pregnancy and non-puerperium) periods, according to four scenarios observed in different populations (scenario I: patients with haemorrhagic bAVM of all ages; scenario II: patients with haemorrhagic bAVM of all ages, with at least one previous pregnancy; scenario III: patients with haemorrhagic bAVM who are of reproductive age (15–45 years); scenario IV: patients with haemorrhagic bAVM of reproductive age (15–45 years), with at least one previous pregnancy. Next, a comprehensive literature aggregation (up to April 2022) was performed for evidence synthesis.ResultsAmong the 311 female patients with haemorrhagic bAVM, a significant haemorrhage risk during pregnancy and puerperium was found in Scenarios I (relative risk [RR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.28 to 3.39), II (RR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.95 to 5.31) and IV (RR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.73 to 4.93); however, a suggestive risk was found in scenario III (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.99 to 2.67). Evidence synthesis revealed a consistent haemorrhage risk among patients of all ages (RR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.93 to 5.15) and those of reproductive age (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.86).ConclusionCompared with most previous studies, a higher but relatively moderate risk for bAVM-related haemorrhage was identified during pregnancy and puerperium. Individualised prevention and treatment strategies should be preferred when neurosurgeons make clinical decisions.
Nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed diets containing high levels of soybean oil is affected by the source of fiber
Authors: Faryadi Samira , Lashkari Saman , Ndou Saymore P. , Woyengo Tofuko A. 
Published: January 2023

This study evaluated the effects of including soluble and insoluble dietary fiber sources in soybean oil-containing diet for broiler chickens on coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids, coefficient of apparent retention (AR) of nutrients, and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn). A total of 180 broilers were divided into 30 groups and fed 3 diets from day 14 to 21 of age. The diets were corn–soybean meal containing 6.8% soybean oil without or with soybean hulls (SBH) or sugar beet pulp (SBP) at 8.0% as sources of insoluble and soluble fiber, respectively. The SBH and SBP contained 6.0% and 14.7% of soluble dietary fiber and 60.5% and 37.0% of insoluble dietary fiber, respectively. The AID of indispensable amino acids was decreased ( P < 0.05) due to dietary inclusion of SBH, but not of SBP. Dietary SBH and SBP reduced the AR of gross energy (by 14% and 8%, respectively) and AMEn (by 20% and 14%, respectively). Overall, inclusion of SBH or SBP at 8.0% in a corn–soybean meal-based diet for broilers that contains high level of soybean oil might not improve nutrient digestibility. However, SBP has less detrimental effects on nutrient digestibility than SBH.