bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essence of postmortem computed tomography for in-hospital deaths: what clinical radiologists should know
Authors: Ishida Masanori , Gonoi Wataru , Abe Hiroyuki , Ushiku Tetsuo , Abe Osamu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPostmortem computed tomography (CT) is an essential tool for investigating the causes of death. Postmortem CT has characteristic imaging findings and should not be interpreted in the same manner as clinical antemortem images. In analyzing the cause of death in in-hospital death cases using postmortem images, it is crucial to understand early postmortem and post-resuscitation changes. In addition, it is essential to understand the limitations of diagnosing the cause of death or significant pathology relating to death on non-contrast-enhanced postmortem CT. In Japan, there has also been social demand to establish a system for postmortem imaging at the time of death. To facilitate such a system, clinical radiologists should be prepared to interpret postmortem images and assess the cause of death. This review article provides comprehensive information regarding unenhanced postmortem CT for in-hospital death cases in daily clinical practice in Japan.
Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention ponds
Authors: Ashiq Muhammad Masood , Jazaei Farhad , Bell Kati , Ali Ahmed Shakir Ali , Bakhshaee Alireza , Babakhani Peyman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape.
Histopathological Analysis of Nodal Disease After Chemoradiation Reveals Viable Tumor Cells as the most Important Prognostic Factor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Golliez Aline , Morand Grégoire B. , Broglie Martina A. , Balermpas Panagiotis , Rupp Niels J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), salvage neck dissection (ND) is required after primary chemoradiation in case of residual nodal disease. Upon histopathological examination, viability of tumor cells is assessed but little is known about other prognostic histopathological features. In particular, the presence of swirled keratin debris and its prognostic value is controversial. The aim of this study is to examine histopathological parameters in ND specimens and correlate them with patient outcome to determine the relevant parameters for histopathological reporting.

Materials and Methods
Salvage ND specimen from a cohort of n = 75 HNSCC (oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx) patients with prior (chemo) radiation were evaluated on H&E stains for the following parameters: viable tumor cells, necrosis, swirled keratin debris, foamy histiocytes, bleeding residues, fibrosis, elastosis, pyknotic cells, calcification, cholesterol crystals, multinucleated giant cells, perineural, and vascular invasion. Histological features were correlated with survival outcomes.

Results
Only the presence / amount (area) of viable tumor cells correlated with a worse clinical outcome (local and regional recurrence-free survival, (LRRFS), distant metastasis-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival, p < 0.05) in both the univariable and multivariable analyses.

Conclusion
We could confirm the presence of viable tumor cells as a relevant negative prognostic factor after (chemo) radiation. The amount (area) of viable tumor cells further substratified patients with worse LRRFS. None of the other parameters correlated with a distinctive worse outcome. Importantly, the presence of (swirled) keratin debris alone should not be considered viable tumor cells (ypN0).
Twins as a Minority: A Minority Building Perspective
Authors: Lagerspetz Mikko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNot all numerical minorities classify as ‘minorities’ in any political or legal sense, even when they possess easily definable biological or social characteristics. Twins are an example of such a group. The article discusses minorities as the result of minority building, i.e., a process through which some specific human characteristic becomes the basis of group identity, networking, mobilization, and claims on rights and recognition. It presents some of the existing discourse and research on twins as a biological and social category. Subsequent sections inspect twins’ potential claims and mobilization. Many of the claims refer to our culture’s treatment of twins as one social unit, and to the assumption of a ‘special bond’ between them. Although probably not a biological reality, it is a strong social reality with effect on twins’ lives. The idea of the ‘special bond’ conflicts with the prevailing Western discourse on individual personhood and agency. Not unlike other such efforts, a possible twins’ activism would need to find a balance between essentialist and constructionist definitions of the group. The essentialist discourse is part of the claimed problem, but at the same time, it may be necessary in order to legitimate the minority’s claim for recognition. Twins are hardly a repressed minority, but there are specific situations in which they could claim for recognition and more sensitivity.
Effect of demineralization and ball milling treatments on the properties of Arundo donax and olive stone-derived biochar
Authors: Zouari M. , Marrot L. , DeVallance D. B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe structural and physio-chemical properties of biochar are crucial to determining biochar’s quality and the adequate application. Specifically, the large porosity of biochar has been known as a favorable feature, especially for environmental remediation. In this regard, physical and chemical modifications have been used to improve biochar’s porosity which requires high-energy consumption and involves chemical agents. The objective of this study was to prepare biochar with developed porosity using mild treatments. Arundo donax and olive stone were demineralized by a water-washing method. Treated and non-treated biomasses were pyrolyzed, and part of the derived samples was subjected to wet ball milling. Samples were characterized with proximate, Fourier transform infrared, particle size, and physisorption analyses. The effect of demineralization depended on the biomass type, as ash reduction only influenced Arundo donax-derived biochar, which was attributed to the difference in initial ash content that was relatively low for olive stone. The carbonization yield decreased by 46% for the Arundo donax biomass after demineralization. Moreover, demineralization expanded the surface area and total pore volume of the Arundo donax biochar. The ball milling was effective in producing micro-sized biochar particles with a mean size ranging between 30 ± 2 µm and 42 ± 2 µm and between 13 ± 1 µm and 22 ± 2 µm for Arundo donax and olive stone without and with demineralization, respectively. Ball milling increased the surface area of non-demineralized Arundo donax by 47% and demineralized Arundo donax by 124%. Additionally, ball milling increased the surface area of non-demineralized olive stone by 65% and demineralized olive stone by 62%.

Graphical abstract
Dynamics of excitable cells: spike-adding phenomena in action
Authors: Barrio Roberto , Ibáñez Santiago , Jover-Galtier Jorge A. , Lozano Álvaro , Martínez M. Ángeles , Mayora-Cebollero Ana , Mayora-Cebollero Carmen , Pérez Lucía , Serrano Sergio , Vigara Rubén 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the dynamics of action potentials of some electrically excitable cells: neurons and cardiac muscle cells. Bursting, following a fast–slow dynamics, is the most characteristic behavior of these dynamical systems, and the number of spikes may change due to spike-adding phenomenon. Using analytical and numerical methods we give, by focusing on the paradigmatic 3D Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model, a review of recent results on the global organization of the parameter space of neuron models with bursting regions occurring between saddle-node and homoclinic bifurcations (fold/hom bursting). We provide a generic overview of the different bursting regimes that appear in the parametric phase space of the model and the bifurcations among them. These techniques are applied in two realistic frameworks: insect movement gait changes and the appearance of Early Afterdepolarizations in cardiac dynamics.
The generalized Clapeyron equation and its application to confined ice growth
Authors: Style Robert W. , Gerber Dominic , Rempel Alan W. , Dufresne Eric R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost theoretical descriptions of stresses induced by freezing are rooted in the (generalized) Clapeyron equation, which predicts the pressure that a solid can exert as it cools below its melting temperature. This equation is central for topics ranging beyond glaciology to geomorphology, civil engineering, food storage and cryopreservation. However, it has inherent limitations, requiring isotropic solid stresses and conditions near bulk equilibrium. Here, we examine when the Clapeyron equation is applicable by providing a rigorous derivation that details all assumptions. We demonstrate the natural extension for anisotropic stress states, and we show how the temperature and pressure ranges for validity depend on well-defined material properties. Finally, we demonstrate how the range of applicability of the (linear) Clapeyron equation can be extended by adding higher-order terms, yielding results that are in good agreement with experimental data for the pressure melting of ice.
Beyond the conservative hypothesis: a meta-analysis of lexical-semantic processing in Williams syndrome
Authors: Romero-Rivas Carlos , Rodríguez-Cuadrado Sara , Sabater Lucía , Rodríguez Gómez Pablo , Hidalgo de la Guía Irene , Moreno Eva M. , Garayzábal Heinze Elena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWilliams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder, characterised at the cognitive level by a phenotypic pattern of relative weaknesses (e.g., visuospatial skills) and strengths (e.g., some linguistic and nonverbal reasoning skills). In this study, we performed a systematic search and meta-analysis on lexical-semantic processing in WS, an area of knowledge in which contradictory results have been obtained. We found 42 studies matching our criteria, and, in total, 78 effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that individuals with WS have worse lexical-semantic skills than individuals with typical development, whether matched by chronological or mental age. However, people with WS have better lexical-semantic skills than people diagnosed with other cognitive disabilities. Finally, vocabulary skills seem to be relatively spared in WS, although they present some difficulties in semantic processing/integration, semantic memory organisation and verbal working memory skills. Taken together, these results support a neuroconstructivist approach, according to which the cognitive mechanisms involved in lexical-semantic processing may be modulated, even when performance in some tasks (i.e., vocabulary tasks) might be optimal.
Interrelation of radiocarbon ages from bone fractions in the Brazilian Intertropical Region
Authors: Dantas Mário André Trindade , Cherkinsky Alexander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is a consensus in the literature that radiocarbon dating performed on bioapatite often produces ages younger than dating performed on collagen. We propose a general regression that could be used to convert the bioapatite radiocarbon ages to the simulated ages on collagen in fossil samples worldwide. This general regression presents several good indices of quality, high correlation (R2 = 0.98), lower values of percent predicted error (%PE = 0.01), and standard error of the estimate (%SEE = 21.83), showing that it is a good tool, as the predicted values are similar to those observed. Using this regression, we converted the radiocarbon ages of bioapatite to the expected age from the collagen fraction made for several taxa from the Brazilian Intertropical Region (BIR) and suggest that these dates could be 1–7 cal ka BP older than previously thought.
A systematic review of the role of penicillin versus penicillin plus metronidazole in the management of peritonsillar abscess
Authors: Moen C M , Paramjothy K , Williamson A , Coleman H , Lou X , Smith A , Douglas C M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeritonsillar abscess is a localised infection in the peritonsillar space. Pus from the abscess can contain anaerobes. Many clinicians prescribe metronidazole in addition to penicillin, but evidence to support this is limited. This review assessed the evidence of benefit of metronidazole for the treatment of peritonsillar abscess.MethodsA systematic review was conducted of the literature and databases including Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, PubMed and Cochrane library. Search terms included all variations of peritonsillar abscess, penicillin and metronidazole.ResultsThree randomised, control trials were included. All studies assessed the clinical outcomes after treatment for peritonsillar abscess, including recurrence rate, length of hospital stay and symptom improvement. There was no evidence to suggest additional benefit with metronidazole, with studies suggesting increased side effects.ConclusionEvidence does not support the addition of metronidazole in first-line management of peritonsillar abscess. Further trials to establish optimum dose and duration schedules of oral phenoxymethylpenicillin would benefit clinical practice.
Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida) utilizes shark teeth for nutrition
Authors: Rouse Greg W. , Goffredi Shana K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We deployed jaws of the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) on the seafloor at ~1000 m depth off Monterey California for 8 months. The jaws disintegrated, with all the hyaline cartilage disappearing, leaving some fragments of tessellated cartilage and the teeth. Two different Osedax species, O. packardorum and O. talkovici were found to have bored into the roots of some of the teeth, and were using the dentin pulp, which is rich in collagen, as a food source. The enameloid crowns of the shark teeth and the tessellated cartilage showed no signs of Osedax activity. This is the first demonstration of Osedax exploiting a source of food that is not bone. This raises questions as to the original food source of Osedax ‘bone worms'. Examination for the presence of Osedax in the skeletons and teeth of Mesozoic and possibly even Palaeozoic fossil sharks, bony fish and reptiles is warranted.
Diet and feeding of juvenile common two-banded sea bream, Diplodus vulgaris (Teleostei: Sparidae), in the eastern central Adriatic Sea
Authors: Krstulović Šifner Svjetlana , Šantić Mate 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The diet and feeding of juvenile common two-banded sea bream, Diplodus vulgaris, in the eastern central Adriatic Sea was studied to better understand local ecosystem dynamics in this region. Stomach contents of 140 individuals with total length (TL) between 22 and 106 mm, collected by small beach seines from February to November, were analysed. Food items identified in stomachs belonged to 16 prey groups: Copepoda, Gastropoda, Teleost eggs, Ostracoda, Polychaeta, Bivalvia, unidentified Crustacea, Amphipoda, Decapoda, Cumacea, Echinoidea, Anisopoda, Euphausiacea, Mysidacea, Branchiopoda and Isopoda. Overall, planktonic copepod crustaceans were the most important prey group (percentage index of relative importance, %IRI = 78.9), followed by gastropods (%IRI = 14.9). All other prey groups had much lower %IRI values and thus were of less importance. Fish size was an important factor influencing food composition. Planktonic copepods were the most important prey in juveniles of smaller sizes (up to 76 mm TL), whereas large-sized juvenile individuals (>76 mm TL) mainly consumed benthic prey, such as gastropods, polychaetes and bivalves. Feeding intensity was very high as indicated by the low vacuity index.
Blunted neurobiological reactivity and attentional bias to threat underlie stress-related disorders in women survivors of intimate partner violence
Authors: Goldberg X. , Espelt C. , Nadal R. , Alon Y. , Palao D. , Bar-Haim Y. , Armario A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) alters women's neurobiological stress response systems. We propose that individual differences early in the attentional processing of threats are associated with these neurobiological mechanisms and contribute to mental illness in this population.MethodsWe assessed attentional bias in relation to threat (AB) in women survivors of IPV (n = 69) and controls (n = 36), and examined overall cortisol secretion using hair cortisol (HC), and stress responsiveness measuring salivary cortisol and α-amylase (sAA) before (T0), and after (T1, T2) an acute psychosocial stress task (Trier Social Stress Test). We used repeated-measures ANCOVAs to explore the associations between Group (IPV, control) and AB with acute stress response, and regression models to examine the associations with mental health symptoms.ResultsThere were no between-group differences in HC levels. An interaction between Group and AB was found regarding cortisol reactivity (p < 0.05). IPV women with threat avoidance AB showed a blunted cortisol response compared to controls and to IPV participants with threat vigilance AB. The association between sAA reactivity and the interaction between Group, AB, and time approached significance (p = 0.07), with a trend to lower sAA levels particularly in IPV women with threat avoidance AB. Group and cortisol reactivity were associated with symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (8–20% explained variance).ConclusionsThreat avoidance AB is associated with blunted acute cortisol response among women exposed to chronic stress (IPV). Experiencing IPV and acute cortisol response appear to be clearly implicated in long-term mental health problems.
Catastrophic health expenditure and the risk of depression among middle-aged and old people in China: a national population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Yaping , Liu Min , Liu Jue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
To estimate the association of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) with the risk of depression in middle-aged and old people in China.

Methods
We used data of 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, which covered 150 counties of 28 provinces in China. CHE was calculated as out-of-pocket health expenditure exceeding 40% of a household’s capacity to pay. Depression was measured by a 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We evaluated CHE prevalence and applied Cox proportional hazard models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) for the risk of depression among participants with CHE after controlling potential confounders, compared with those without CHE.

Results
Among 5765 households included in this study, CHE prevalence at baseline was 19.24%. The depression incidence of participants with CHE (8.00 per 1000 person-month) was higher than that of those without CHE (6.81 per 1000 person-month). After controlling confounders, participants with CHE had a 13% higher risk (aHR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.26) of depression than those without CHE. In subgroup analysis, the association of CHE with depression was significant in males and in people with chronic diseases, of younger age, living in rural areas and of lowest family economic level (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Nearly one of five middle-aged and old people in China incurred CHE, and CHE was associated with the risk of depression. Concerted efforts should be made to monitor CHE and related depression episode. Moreover, timely interventions about CHE and depression need to be implemented and strengthened among middle-aged and old people.
Understanding Nighttime Ionospheric Depletions Associated With Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in the American Sector
Authors: Jones M. , Goncharenko L. P. , McDonald S. E. , Zawdie K. A. , Tate J. , Gasperini F. , Pedatella N. M. , Drob D. P. , McCormack J. P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on understanding what drives the previously observed deep nighttime ionospheric hole in the American sector during the January 2013 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). Performing a set of numerical experiments with the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM) constrained by a high‐altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model, we demonstrate that this nighttime ionospheric hole was the result of increased poleward and down magnetic field line plasma motion at low and midlatitudes in response to altered F‐region neutral meridional winds. Thermospheric meridional wind modifications that produced this nighttime depletion resulted from the well‐known enhancements in semidiurnal tidal amplitudes associated with stratospheric warming (SSWs) in the upper mesosphere and thermosphere. Investigations into other deep nighttime ionospheric depletions and their cause were also considered. Measurements of total electron content from Global Navigation Satellite System receivers and additional constrained TIME‐GCM simulations showed that nighttime ionospheric depletions were also observed on several nights during the January‐February 2010 SSW, which resulted from the same forcing mechanisms as those observed in January 2013. Lastly, the recent January 2021 SSW was examined using Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2, COSMIC‐2 Global Ionospheric Specification electron density, and ICON Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐Resolution Thermospheric Imaging horizontal wind data and revealed a deep nighttime ionospheric depletion in the American sector was likely driven by modified meridional winds in the thermosphere. The results shown herein highlight the importance of thermospheric winds in driving nighttime ionospheric variability over a wide latitude range.