bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prior influenza virus infection alleviates an arbovirus encephalitis by reducing viral titer, inflammation, and cellular infiltrates in the central nervous system
Authors: Foo Isabelle J. H. , Chua Brendon Y. , Chang So Young , Jia Xiaoxiao , van der Eerden Alice , Fazakerley John K. , Kedzierska Katherine , Kedzierski Lukasz 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Respiratory and encephalitic virus infections represent a significant risk to public health globally. Detailed investigations of immunological responses and disease outcomes during sequential virus infections are rare. Here, we define the impact of influenza virus infection on a subsequent virus encephalitis. We used a model system in which mice were given influenza A virus (IAV) infection 8 days prior to Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infection (IAV→SFV). IAV infection clearly attenuated the subsequent SFV infection with reduced titers of infectious SFV and lower levels of cytokines and chemokines in the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, the SFV viremia in both IAV→SFV and SFV-only mice was comparable. Increased type I interferon (IFN) levels in the CNS after IAV infection might have contributed to some level of protection towards SFV infection in the CNS, suggesting that early control of SFV replication in the CNS during IAV→SFV infection led to reduced adaptive response, given the lower number of CD8
+
T cells recruited to the brain in IAV→SFV infection. In lungs, however, prior IAV infection elicited effector CD8
+
T cells with highly activated CD38 and/or CD25 phenotypes, while SFV-only infection elicited distinct effector CD8
+
T cells with increased frequencies of KLRG1 expression, a hallmark of short-lived effector T cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that prior IAV infection can confer protective immunity toward secondary SFV infection, confirmed by reduced disease severity and inflammatory immune responses in the brain. Our work provides important insights into therapies and vaccine regimens directed against unrelated pathogens.

IMPORTANCE
Influenza viruses are medically important human pathogens that caused epidemics and pandemics throughout history. Conversely, encephalitic arthropod-borne virus (arboviral) diseases affect both humans and domestic animals, creating massive public health issues. Influenza viruses circulate globally while arboviruses dominate tropical regions. Given both influenza virus and encephalitic arboviruses, such as alphaviruses, circulate in many regions globally, co-infections are likely to occur. In addition, arthropod-borne neurotropic infections are generally mild or asymptomatic, hence are likely to be unnoticed as a risk factor during influenza infection. However, the consequences of such co-infections are unclear. Our recent study showed that alphavirus infection preceding Influenza A virus (IAV) infection negatively impacted immune responses to the influenza virus in mice. Here, we aim to investigate the immune responses when the order of sequential infection with IAV and alphavirus are swapped. Altogether, our findings will provide key insights to improved diagnostics, preventative vaccines, and antiviral therapies.
First record of potential twins and cooperative parental care in the threatened caatinga howler monkey (Alouatta ululata) (Primates)
Authors: Freire-Filho Robério , Teixeira de Andrade Bruna Marcela , Cavalcante Thabata , Veiga Sanjay , Bezerra Bruna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Twins are relatively rare in medium- and large-sized primates. It is often a reproductive strategy of small Callithrix species with cooperative social systems to cope with the twin’s care demands. This study reports the first potential record of twins in caatinga howler monkeys and describes parental care related to them. We observed the animals between October 2018 and January 2020 in São Miguel do Tapuio, Piauí, Brazil. The presumed twins were first observed in October 2018. An adult female carried one infant ventrally and the other on the side of her body or on her back. The presumed twins were approx. 1/8 of the female’s body size and estimated to be 5 days old when first detected. The group’s alpha male was vigilant and often remained close to the female and the twins. In February 2019, the size of the infants reached approximately 1/6 of the female’s size and the number of records of infant back carrying reduced by 40% (decreasing from 100 to 60% of records). Nevertheless, when the infants were not being carried, they remained within a few meters of their presumed mother. In February 2019, we observed the alpha male carrying one of the infants while traveling and resting; this suggests that caatinga howler monkey may use cooperative parental care to cope with multiple infants in a group, possibly facilitating their development and survival. When carrying the infants, the presumed mother rested more than the other females in the group. We stopped seeing adults carrying the infants one year after their initial sighting. Their process of gaining independence was gradual.
Prospective study on the role of preoperative mannitol in capsulorhexis and reducing intraoperative complications in primary angle-closure disease surgery
Authors: Liang Zhiqiao , Li Hongyan , Hou Xianru , Yang Kangyi , Lv Kun , Ma Yao , Lu Ye , Wu Kuankuan , Wu Huijuan 
Published: January 2025

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative intravenous mannitol on the capsulorhexis process and intraoperative complications in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Methods In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 65 PACG eyes were randomized into the mannitol and control groups. The capsulorhexis duration, number of forceps grasps, need for viscoelastic re-injection, and intraoperative complications were recorded. Results The mannitol group had a significantly shorter capsulorhexis duration and fewer forceps grasps of the capsule. All intraoperative complications (18.2%) occurred in the control group. The patients with intraoperative complications had significantly higher intraocular pressure and lower best-corrected visual acuity than those without complications after surgery. Multivariate analysis found that intravenous mannitol (odds ratio [OR] = −14.263; 95% confidence interval [CI] =−26.713 to −1.813) reduced the capsulorhexis duration, whereas zonulopathy (OR = 14.477, 95% CI = 2.622–26.331) prolonged the duration. Conclusion Preoperative intravenous mannitol can reduce the risk of intraoperative complications and improve postoperative outcomes in patients with PACG. Factors including anterior chamber depth, incision location and method, and the zonule status significantly influence the capsulorhexis process.
Three-dimensional semi-supervised lumbar vertebrae region of interest segmentation based on MAE pre-training
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Jian , Hai Jinjin , Qiao Kai , Qi Xin , Li Yongli , Yan Bin 
Published: January 2025

Background:  The annotation of the regions of interest (ROI) of lumbar vertebrae by radiologists for bone density assessment is a tedious and time-intensive task. However, deep learning (DL) methods for image segmentation has the potential to substitute manual annotations which can significantly improve the efficiency of clinical diagnostics. Objective:  The paper proposes a semi-supervised three-dimensional (3D) segmentation method for the ROI of lumbar vertebrae by integrating the tube masking masked autoencoder (MAE) pre-training. Methods:  The paper proposes a method that modifies the masking strategy of the original MAE pre-training network. And the pre-training network is only trained by images without segmentation labels, when the training is finished, the weights will be saved for segmentation tasks. In downstream tasks, a semi-supervised approach utilizing pseudo-label generation is employed for training. This method leverages a small amount of labeled data to achieve the segmentation of ROI of the lumbar vertebrae. Results:  The experimental results demonstrate that under the condition of limited annotated data, the proposed network improves the dice coefficient by 5–7% and reduces the hausdorff distance by 0.2∼0.6 mm compared to using the UNetr network alone for segmentation. When compared to the conventional MAE, the tube masking MAE presented in this paper assists effectively in segmentation, resulting in a 2% increase in the dice coefficient and a 0.24 mm reduction in the hausdorff distance. Conclusion:  Automatic segmentation of the ROI of the lumbar vertebrae helps to shorten the time for doctors to annotate vertebrae during clinical bone density examinations. The paper employs the tube masking MAE pre-trained model to effectively extract contextual information of the 3D lumbar vertebrae, combining it with a semi-supervised network leveraging pseudo-label generation for fine-tuning, which leads to effective 3D segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae.
Evaluating the impact of stratification on the power and cross-arm balance of randomized phase 2 clinical trials
Authors: Moseley Anna , LeBlanc Michael , Freidlin Boris , Shallis Rory M , Zeidan Amer M , Sallman David A , Erba Harry P , Little Richard F , Othus Megan 
Published: January 2025

Background/aims Randomized clinical trials often use stratification to ensure balance between arms. Analysis of primary endpoints of these trials typically uses a “stratified analysis,” in which analyses are performed separately in each subgroup defined by the stratification factors, and those separate analyses are weighted and combined. In the phase 3 setting, stratified analyses based on a small number of stratification factors can provide a small increase in power. The impact on power and type-1 error of stratification in the setting of smaller sample sizes as in randomized phase 2 trials has not been well characterized. Methods We performed computational studies to characterize the power and cross-arm balance of modestly sized clinical trials (less than 170 patients) with varying numbers of stratification factors (0–6), sample sizes, randomization ratios (1:1 vs 2:1), and randomization methods (dynamic balancing vs stratified block). Results We found that the power of unstratified analyses was minimally impacted by the number of stratification factors used in randomization. Analyses stratified by 1–3 factors maintained power over 80%, while power dropped below 80% when four or more stratification factors were used. These trends held regardless of sample size, randomization ratio, and randomization method. For a given randomization ratio and sample size, increasing the number of factors used in randomization had an adverse impact on cross-arm balance. Stratified block randomization performed worse than dynamic balancing with respect to cross-arm balance when three or more stratification factors were used. Conclusion Stratified analyses can decrease power in the setting of phase 2 trials when the number of patients in a stratification subgroup is small.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes After Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Through a Medial Arthrotomy: A Minimum 4-Year Follow-up
Authors: Choi Nam-Hong , Yang Bong-Seok , Lee Dong-Min , Kim Dong-Kyun , Victoroff Brian N. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) through medial arthrotomy showed less extrusion than that of the lateral arthrotomy. However, there is a paucity of literature reporting clinical and radiological outcomes after lateral MAT through the medial arthrotomy. Hypothesis: Lateral MAT through a medial arthrotomy would show significantly improved clinical scores and minimal joint space narrowing compared with preoperative status. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between 2001 and 2019, a retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who underwent lateral MAT using the bony bridge technique through medial arthrotomy. Inclusion criteria were patients who underwent lateral MAT after subtotal or total meniscectomy of the lateral meniscus. A total of 27 patients who were not followed up for >4 years or had follow-up magnetic resonance imaging after surgery were excluded. At final follow-up, Lysholm scores and Tegner activity scale scores were collected. Graft extrusion, trough angle, and position of the bony bridge were measured by magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months after MAT. Joint space width (JSW) of the lateral compartment on Rosenberg view was measured and compared preoperatively and at follow-up. Results: A total of 28 patients were included in this study. Their mean age was 29.8 years (range, 15-48 years) with a mean follow-up of 11.4 years. Preoperative Lysholm scores and Tegner activity scale scores (66.5 ± 16.6 and 3.1 ± 1.9, respectively) significantly improved at follow-up (84.8 ± 11.1 [ P < .001] and 4.4 ± 1.5 [ P = .008], respectively). The JSW decreased from 6.2 ± 1.6 mm to 5.7 ± 1.4 mm ( P = .014). Extrusion was 2.2 ± 1.5 mm, and trough angle was 1.5°± 8.9°. The bony bridge was positioned at 43.9% ± 4.3% from the lateral edge on the entire tibial plateau. Nine patients (32.1%) underwent subsequent procedures. Partial meniscectomies were performed in 2 patients, meniscal repairs in 2, manipulation under anesthesia in 1, and lateral capsular plication in 1. Three patients who underwent total meniscectomy or revision surgery were regarded as having a failure; therefore, 89.3% grafts survived. Conclusion: Lateral MAT through the medial arthrotomy demonstrated satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes at long-term follow-up.
Weightbearing in Select Geriatric Ankle Fractures Following Open Reduction Internal Fixation: Short Scientific Report
Authors: Coscia Atticus , Jandzinski Michal , Talusan Paul , Ahn Jaimo 
Published: January 2025

Background: Geriatric ankle fractures are increasingly common. Previous work has suggested that early weightbearing following ankle fracture fixation is safe in nongeriatric patients. However, limited data is available regarding the safety of immediate weightbearing following fixation of geriatric ankle fractures using standard open reduction internal fixation techniques. Methods: Forty-four patients aged 65 years or older treated for rotational ankle fractures were propensity matched, with 22 patients following a nonweightbearing (NWB) protocol and 22 were allowed to weightbear immediately (WBAT) in a controlled ankle motion boot at all times. Primary outcomes included hardware failure and postoperative complications. Group differences in continuous variables were analyzed via Student t test whereas Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the differences in categorical variables. Complication-free survival and hardware failure–free survival were compared using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Results: There were no hardware failures in the WBAT group and 1 hardware failure in the NWB group; the difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in incidence of postoperative complications, rate of hardware failure, or PROM scores. Conclusion: In this preliminary study group, we found that immediate weightbearing following fixation of geriatric ankle fractures was not associated with increased hardware failure or postoperative complications. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective cohort.
Development and Validation of a Clinical, CT, Genomic Classifier and BAL Scoring System for Diagnosing IPF
Authors: Kam Michelle Li Wei , Tjong Elysia LH , Chaudhary Sachin , Koelsch Tilman L. , Pryor Joseph B. , Koslow Matthew , Mohning Michael P. , Solomon Joshua J. , Huie Tristan J. , Swigris Jeffrey J. , Fernández Pérez Evans R. 
Published: January 2025

The utility of incorporating a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) genomic classifier (GC) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell count analysis alongside traditional clinical-imaging assessment in aiding in the multidisciplinary diagnosis of IPF in patients with a non-definite HRCT UIP pattern is uncertain.We reviewed consecutive adult patients presenting with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) and non-definite HRCT UIP pattern who underwent BAL and GC. The initial fILD diagnoses were re-evaluated after bronchoscopy and a final multidisciplinary consensus diagnosis was provided. We created a clinical score by analyzing fILD clinical characteristics, GC, and BAL results from 139 National Jewish Health (NJH) patients and validated it at the University of Arizona, n=52. A multivariable model was developed and assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.43/139 (31%) and 29/52 (56%) of patients in the derivation and validation cohort, respectively, were diagnosed with IPF after bronchoscopy, and 85/139 (61%) and 32/52 (61%) had a change in treatment, respectively. Compared to non-IPF, IPF patients had a similar progression-free survival (HR, 1.50; 95%CI, 0.76, 2.95). The final model, assigned a score to eight predictors: age, sex, HRCT probable UIP pattern, exposures, connective tissue disease signs/symptoms, Velcro crackles, CG results, and BAL lymphocyte and monocyte count. The final score demonstrated an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.95) in the derivation cohort and 0.91 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.99) in the validation cohort.The clinical-HRCT-BAL-GC IPF score may accurately estimate the post-test probability of IPF in patients with a non-definite HRCT UIP pattern.
Effect of water- and land-based exercise on lung function in children with post COVID-19 condition: secondary results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ogonowska-Slodownik Anna , Labecka Marta Kinga , Maciejewska-Skrendo Agnieszka , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Starczewski Michał , Gajewski Jan , McNamara Renae J , Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the effect of water- and land-based exercise on lung function in children with post COVID-19 condition.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial with multigroup pretest-posttest design. Children with post COVID-19 condition aged 10–12 years were randomly assigned to water-based exercise (AQUA), land-based exercise (LAND), or control group with no exercise (CONTROL). The outcomes were the changes in lung function (Lungtest Handy) from baseline to immediately after the 8-week intervention. Parameters measured included forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and vital capacity (VC).ResultsAfter the intervention, there was a significant difference (p<0.01) between the AQUA and LAND groups compared to the CONTROL group for FEV1values (F(2,64)=6.80; p=0.91; p<0.01, η2=0.18), and significant differences between CONTROL and AQUA groups (p<0.01) and CONTROL and LAND groups (p<0.05) for FEV1(F(2,64)=6.96; p=0.91; p<0.01, η2=0.18). Repetitions-Groups interactions for FEV1/%FVC (F(2,64)=0.71, p=0.162, p>0.05,η2=0.030) showed that the changes that occurred varied from group to group and the reason for this was an upward trend in LAND and AQUA and a downward trend in CONTROL.ConclusionThe study found that a supervised twice weekly 8-week exercise training program in water and on land improved lung function in children with post COVID-19 condition.
Familial risk and phenotypic variation of sarcoidosis in the Icelandic population
Authors: Arnadottir Berglind , Jonasson Jon G , Haraldsdottir Sigridur O , Gislason Thorarinn , Gudbjornsson Bjorn 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe familial risk of sarcoidosis is heterogeneous, previous studies demonstrate conflicting results. The present study maps the pattern of familial distribution of all known, biopsy-verified sarcoidosis in the Icelandic population (1981–2021).MethodsAll cases were re-confirmed and categorized into one of the five phenotypic groups described by Schuppet al., and in different groups based on disease severity. Distant relationships were accurately traced for relatives of sarcoidosis patients and their mates using the nationwide Icelandic Genealogy Database. This allows creation of matched control groups for the calculation of Relative Risk (RR) and Kinship Coefficient (KC).Results462 patients with biopsy-proven diagnoses of sarcoidosis were included. We identified 282 extended families and seven sibling pairs with sarcoidosis. Twenty families had five or more affected individuals. RR was 3.7 (95%CI: 1.54–8.55) in 1st-degree relatives (p=0.003), 1.65 (1.05–1.92) in 4th-degree relatives, (p=0.014) and 1.57 (1.08–1.70) in 5th-degree relatives (p=0.003). RRs among 1st-5th degree relatives of the patients’ mates were not significant. KC for sarcoidosis was only significant for the first two meiosis (KC=1.06, p<0.008 and KC=1.01, p=0.011, respectively). The most common sarcoidosis phenotypes were pulmonary-lymphonodal (47.6%), ocular-cardiac-cutaneous and central nervous system (OCCC) (21.6%), and musculoskeletal cutaneous (MSC) (20.9%). There seems to be no clustering of a single phenotype or resistant sarcoidosis in the extended sarcoidosis families.ConclusionOur study does not consider heritability a strong risk factor for sarcoidosis. The risk is highest for first-degree relatives of patients with sarcoidosis. Single phenotypes and resistant sarcoidosis do not cluster in distinct families.
Phytonanoparticles as novel drug carriers for enhanced osteogenesis and osseointegration
Authors: Suresh Nandita , Thomas Nebu George , Mauramo Matti , Waltimo Tuomas , Sorsa Timo , Anil Sukumaran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Phytonanoparticles have emerged as a promising class of biomaterials for enhancing bone regeneration and osseointegration, offering unique advantages in biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and sustainability. This comprehensive review explores the synthesis, characterization, and applications of phytonanoparticles in bone tissue engineering. The green synthesis approach, utilizing plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents, yields nanoparticles with intrinsic bioactive properties that can synergistically promote osteogenesis. We examine the mechanisms by which phytonanoparticles, particularly those derived from gold, silver, and zinc oxide, influence key molecular pathways in osteogenesis, including RUNX2 and Osterix signaling. The review discusses advanced strategies in phyto-nanoparticle design, such as surface functionalization and stimuli-responsive release mechanisms, which enhance their efficacy in bone regeneration applications. Preclinical studies demonstrating improved osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization are critically analyzed, along with emerging clinical data. Despite promising results, scalability, standardization, and regulatory approval challenges persist. The review also addresses the economic and environmental implications of phyto-nanoparticle production. Looking ahead, we identify key research directions, including developing personalized therapies, combination approaches with stem cells or gene delivery, and long-term safety assessments. By harnessing the power of plant-derived nanomaterials, phytonanoparticles represent an innovative approach to addressing the complex challenges of bone regeneration, with potential applications spanning dental, orthopedic, and maxillofacial surgery.

Graphical abstract