bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric response of Amazon forest water and energy fluxes to wet and dry hydrological extremes reveals onset of a local drought‐induced tipping point
Authors: Restrepo‐Coupe Natalia , O’Donnell Christoffersen Bradley , Longo Marcos , Alves Luciana F. , Campos Kleber Silva , da Araujo Alessandro C. , de Oliveira Raimundo C. , Prohaska Neill , da Silva Rodrigo , Tapajos Raphael , Wiedemann Kenia T. , Wofsy Steven C. , Saleska Scott R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of intensification of Amazon basin hydrological cycling—manifest as increasingly frequent floods and droughts—on water and energy cycles of tropical forests is essential to meeting the challenge of predicting ecosystem responses to climate change, including forest “tipping points”. Here, we investigated the impacts of hydrological extremes on forest function using 12+ years of observations (between 2001–2020) of water and energy fluxes from eddy covariance, along with associated ecological dynamics from biometry, at the Tapajós National Forest. Measurements encompass the strong 2015–2016 El Niño drought and La Niña 2008–2009 wet events. We found that the forest responded strongly to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Drought reduced water availability for evapotranspiration (ET) leading to large increases in sensible heat fluxes (H). Partitioning ET by an approach that assumes transpiration (T) is proportional to photosynthesis, we found that water stress‐induced reductions in canopy conductance (Gs) drove T declines partly compensated by higher evaporation (E). By contrast, the abnormally wet La Niña period gave higher T and lower E, with little change in seasonal ET. Both El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events resulted in changes in forest structure, manifested as lower wet‐season leaf area index. However, only during El Niño 2015–2016, we observed a breakdown in the strong meteorological control of transpiration fluxes (via energy availability and atmospheric demand) because of slowing vegetation functions (via shutdown of Gs and significant leaf shedding). Drought‐reduced T and Gs, higher H and E, amplified by feedbacks with higher temperatures and vapor pressure deficits, signaled that forest function had crossed a threshold, from which it recovered slowly, with delay, post‐drought. Identifying such tipping point onsets (beyond which future irreversible processes may occur) at local scale is crucial for predicting basin‐scale threshold‐crossing changes in forest energy and water cycling, leading to slow‐down in forest function, potentially resulting in Amazon forests shifting into alternate degraded states.
Fiscal monitoring and corporate investment
Authors: Knust Lucas , Oesch David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDoes state fiscal monitoring of local governments impact firms? Exploiting the staggered adoption of state fiscal monitoring policies, our results show that state fiscal monitoring of local governments increases corporate investment. Affected firms increase their investment by increasing capital expenditures as well as research and development expenditures. Additional analyses reveal that firms fund this increase in investment by decreasing share repurchases and issuing debt. We also provide evidence that the increase in corporate investment is driven by a reduction in local corruption.
Juvenile sparids (Rhabdosargus holubi) consistently select structurally dense vegetated habitat in nursery seascapes
Authors: Welch Rebecca J. , Childs Amber‐Robyn , Hempel Christian , James Nicola C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeagrass habitats provide structural complexity in coastal estuarine and marine environments, which offer fish optimal foraging grounds and refuge from predation. However, seagrasses are some of the most threatened ecosystems globally, with anthropogenic activities such as population growth and environmental degradation leading to the fragmentation, thinning, and loss of these habitats. Rhabdosargus holubi is one of only a few vegetation‐associated marine fish species in South African estuaries. Although field studies have shown a strong association with seagrass over other aquatic vegetation for the juveniles of this species, habitat choice has never been empirically tested. Here, we used artificial vegetation units to test habitat choice (different structural complexities) for this species. We also tested whether habitat choice is influenced by a predatory threat, with fish preferentially selecting dense habitat in the presence of a predator and whether this effect may be more apparent in smaller individuals. We found that R. holubi significantly prefer greater structural complexity over less complex habitats, in both the absence and presence of a predator and for both small and large juveniles, showing that R. holubi actively choose more complex structures and are attracted to the structure per se irrespective of the threat of predation. This study highlights the importance of dense seagrass as nursery areas for this species and demonstrates how the loss of these habitats could impact the nursery function of estuaries.
Age at migration matters: Offending among the first generation
Authors: Melchor Ayala Omar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent political events have brought renewed attention to the adaptation of immigrants in the United States, and their involvement in crime. Immigrants vary significantly in terms of when they migrate into the country. According to the Current Population Survey (CPS) (2017), of the population of approximately 13 million foreign‐born immigrant children living in the United States, approximately 40% arrived during early childhood, 30% during middle childhood, and 30% during adolescence. A better understanding of the relationship between age at migration and offending can inform not only immigration policies, and policies related to the control of crime, but also policies related to immigrant‐receiving institutions such as schools and social services. Using data from The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), this study explores the influence of age at migration on criminal offending among foreign‐born immigrants who migrated prior to adulthood.
Measuring the unmet needs of American military Veterans and their caregivers: Survey protocol of the HERO CARE survey
Authors: Dang Stuti , Garcia‐Davis Sandra , Noël Polly H. , Hansen Jared , Brintz Benjamin J. , Munoz Richard , Valencia Rodrigo Willy Marcos , Rupper Rand , Bouldin Erin D. , Trivedi Ranak , Penney Lauren S. , Pugh Mary Jo , Kinosian Bruce , Intrator Orna , Leykum Luci K. ,   the Elizabeth Dole Center of Excellence for Veteran and Caregiver Research Team
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmpowering Veterans to age in place is a Department of Veterans Affairs priority. Family or unpaid caregivers play an important role in supporting Veterans to achieve this goal. Effectively meeting the needs of Veterans and caregivers requires identifying unmet needs and relevant gaps in resources to address those needs.MethodsUsing a modified Socio‐Ecological Model, we developed a prospective longitudinal panel design survey. We randomly selected 20,000 community‐dwelling Veterans enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), across five VHA sites. We oversampled Veterans with a higher predicted 2‐year long‐term institutional care (LTIC) risk. Veterans were mailed a packet containing a Veteran survey and a caregiver survey, to be answered by their caregiver if they had one. The Veteran survey assessed the following health‐related domains: physical, mental, social determinants of health, and caregiver assistance. Caregivers completed questions regarding their demographic factors, caregiving activities, impact of caregiving, use of VA and non‐VA services, and caregiver support resources. Follow‐up surveys will be repeated twice at 12‐month intervals for the same respondents. This article describes the HERO CARE survey protocol, content, and response rates.ResultsWe received responses from 8,056 Veterans and 3,579 caregivers between July 2021 and January 2022, with 95.6% being received via mail. Veteran respondents were mostly males (96.5%), over 65 years of age (94.9%), married (55.0%), Non‐Hispanic White (75.2%), and residing in urban areas (80.7%).ConclusionsThis longitudinal survey is unique in its comprehensive assessment of domains relevant to older Veterans stratified by LTIC risk and their caregivers, focusing on social determinants, caregiver support, and the use of caregiver support resources. Survey data will be linked to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and VA data. The results of this study will inform better planning of non‐institutional care services and policy for Veterans and their caregivers.
Potential role of the cell‐penetrating peptide‐conjugated soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor motif of vesicle‐associated membrane protein 2‐patterned peptide in novel cosmeceutical skin product development
Authors: Lee Hyo Jin , Kim Daehoon , Choi Hyo Jeong , Kim Suhyeok , Shin Minhee , Kwak Seongsung , Lee Dong‐Kyu , Kang Won‐ho 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate and verify the effect of cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP)‐conjugated soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) motif of vesicle‐associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2)‐patterned peptide (INCI name: Acetyl sh‐Oligopeptide‐26 sh‐Oligopeptide‐27 SP, trade name: M.Biome‐BT) on improving skin function in vitro.MethodsThe cytotoxicity of CPP‐conjugated SNARE motif of VAMP2‐patterned peptide (CVP) was investigated using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against B16‐F10 cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and a reconstructed skin irritation test. The anti‐wrinkle activity of M.Biome‐BT was determined by assessing the release of norepinephrine and dopamine in PC‐12 cells via ELISA. The skin‐whitening effects of CVP were assessed in B16‐F10 cells by measuring the intra‐ and extracellular melanin contents and expression levels of melanin production‐related genes, such as microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1), and TRP‐2.ResultsCVP is not cytotoxic to B16‐F10 cells and HDFs, and no skin irritation was observed. CVP treatment considerably diminished K+‐induced norepinephrine and dopamine secretion compared with the non‐treated control group (62% and 40%, respectively). Additionally, the inhibition ability of CVP on norepinephrine and dopamine release was comparable to that of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A). CVP also increased intracellular melanin content in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas extracellular melanin content decreased (76%–85%). However, CVP treatment did not affect the mRNA expression of MITF, TYR, TRP‐1, and TRP‐2. These results suggest that CVP does not inhibit melanin production; however, it may induce a whitening effect by inhibiting melanin transport.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings indicate that CVP could be used as an active and safe cosmeceutical ingredient for antiaging applications.
Emotional, mental health and physical symptom experience of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 up to 3 months post‐hospitalization: A longitudinal study
Authors: Tracy Mary Fran , Hagstrom Sandy , Mathiason Michelle , Wente Sarah , Lindquist Ruth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore emotional, mental health and physical symptoms up to 3 months after discharge for adults hospitalized with COVID‐19.Background10%–30% of adults with COVID‐19 experience physical and psychological symptoms 3 months or more following infection. Knowing symptoms can help direct early intervention.DesignA longitudinal descriptive design to study COVID‐related symptoms 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months after hospitalization.MethodsSixty‐six patients were recruited from a hospital system in Midwestern US (October 2020–May 2021). Participants self‐reported demographics, hospital and post discharge symptoms, PROMIS measures (depression, anxiety, fatigue, cognitive function, satisfaction social roles, sleep disturbance) and Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R). Hospital length of stay, comorbidities, lowest oxygen saturation, respiratory support and resources used were collected. Descriptive and nonparametric statistics described the sample and identified correlations between variables. The STROBE checklist was used.ResultsData from 1 (T1) and 3 months (T2) post discharge were analysed (N = 52). A majority were female, white and married; 96% experienced ≥1 COVID‐related symptoms at T1; 85% at T2. Fatigue was most prevalent, followed by shortness of breath, muscle weakness and foggy thinking. More physical symptoms during hospitalization correlated positively with number of symptoms at T1 and T2; a majority stated these impacted their normal routine ‘somewhat’ or ‘a lot’. T1 depression highly correlated with all T2 PROMIS and IES‐R scores and number of physical symptoms. More symptoms at T1 were associated with worse fatigue, lower cognitive function and lower satisfaction with social roles at T2.ConclusionThis study adds to the growing knowledge of mental, physical and emotional symptoms and relationships between these early after hospitalization with COVID‐19.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings can help identify holistic nursing interventions to improve health and mitigate symptoms for people with long COVID.Patient or public contributionPatients contributed via study participation.
Nursing care left undone in psychiatric hospitals and its association with nurse staffing: A cross‐sectional multi‐centre study in Switzerland
Authors: Gehri Beatrice , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Zúñiga Franziska , Bachnick Stefanie , Schwendimann René , Simon Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionNursing care left undone occurs when nurses omit activities because of resource shortfalls. Higher levels of nursing care left undone are associated with worse nurse staffing and organizational factors. Plentiful evidence from acute, long‐term and community care supports such associations; however, mental healthcare settings are under‐studied.AimThe aim of the study was to describe nursing care left undone's frequency in mental health inpatient settings and explore its association with nurse staffing levels.MethodAs part of the multi‐centre cross‐sectional MatchRN Psychiatry study, data were collected by questionnaire from 114 units in 13 Swiss psychiatric hospitals. Nursing care left undone was analysed describing frequencies descriptively and used linear mixed models to assess its association with staffing.ResultsData from 994 nurses were analysed. The most commonly omitted activities were evaluating nursing processes (30.5%), formulating nursing diagnoses (27.4%) and defining care objectives (22.7%). Nursing care left undone was higher in units with low staffing levels.DiscussionAs in somatic care settings, in psychiatric hospitals, ‘indirect’ care activities are most commonly omitted.Implications for Practice: This study highlights factors affecting the frequency of nursing care left undone, including staffing levels and perceived leadership. The findings emphasize the importance of nurse managers taking action to improve work environment factors.
Dysregulated metabolites and lipids in serum of patients with acute hepatitis E: A longitudinal study
Authors: Khan Shaheen , Kumar Yashwant , Sharma Charu , Gupta Sonu Kumar , Goel Amit , Aggarwal Rakesh , Veerapu Naga Suresh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHepatitis E is a disease associated with acute inflammation of the liver. It is related to several dysregulated metabolic pathways and alterations in the concentration of several metabolites. However, longitudinal analysis of the alterations in metabolites and lipids is generally lacking. This study investigated the changes in levels of metabolites and lipids over time in sera from men with acute hepatitis E compared to healthy controls similar in age and gender. Untargeted measurement of levels of various metabolites and lipids was done using mass spectrometry on 65 sera sequentially sampled from 14 patients with acute hepatitis E and 25 serum samples from five controls. Temporal changes in intensities of metabolites and lipids were determined over different times at 3‐day periods for the hepatitis E virus (HEV) group. In carbohydrate metabolism, glucose levels, fructose 1‐6‐bisphosphate and ribulose‐5‐phosphate were increased in the HEV‐infected persons compared to the healthy controls. HEV infection is significantly associated with decreased levels of inosine, guanosine, adenosine and urate in purine metabolism and thymine, uracil and β‐aminoisobutyrate in pyrimidine metabolism. Glutamate, alanine and valine levels were significantly lower in the HEV group than in healthy individuals. Homogentisate of tyrosine metabolism and cystathionine of serine metabolism were increased, whereas kynurenate of tryptophan metabolism decreased in the HEV group. Metabolites of the bile acid biosynthesis, urea cycle (arginine and citrulline) and ammonia recycling (urocanate) were significantly altered. Co‐enzymes, pantothenate and pyridoxal, and co‐factors, lipoamide and FAD, were elevated in the HEV group. The acylcarnitines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysoPC and lysoPE tended to be lower in the HEV group. In conclusion, acute hepatitis E is associated with altered metabolite and lipid profiles, significantly increased catabolism of carbohydrates, purines/pyrimidines and amino acids, and decreased levels of several glycerophospholipids.
New insights into the effects of UV light on individual Nosema bombycis spores, as determined using single‐cell optical approaches
Authors: Miao Zhenbin , Liao Yanlian , Huang Xuhua , Wang Xiaochun , Liao Wei , Wang Guiwen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNosema bombycis (Nb) is a pathogen causing pebrine in sericulture. Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is a common physical disinfection method, but the mechanisms underlying UV‐based disinfection have only been studied at the population level. In this study, changes in and germination of UV‐irradiated spores were observed using Raman tweezers and phase‐contrast imaging to evaluate the effects of UV radiation on Nb spores at the single‐cell level. We found that irradiation caused the complete leakage of trehalose from individual spores. We also found that more spores leaked as the UV dose increased. There was no significant loss of intracellular biomacromolecules and no marked changes in the peaks associated with protein secondary structures. Low‐dose radiation promoted spore germination and high‐dose radiation decreased the germination rate, while the germination time did not undergo significant alterations. These results suggest that UV radiation disrupts the permeability of the inner membrane and alters the spore wall, thereby affecting the ability of the spore to sense and respond to extracellular stimuli, which further triggers germination and reduces or stops spore germination. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying conventional disinfection measures on microsporidian spores.
Governance agility in reception of war refugees from Ukraine: The case of Wrocław, Poland
Authors: Błaszczyk Mateusz , Dolińska Kamilla , Makaro Julita , Pluta Jacek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe unprecedented influx of migrants triggered by Russia's invasion of Ukraine posed a major challenge for neighbouring countries. For the local authorities of the cities where the migrants arrived, managing the reception of the refugees became a key issue. This article discusses a study on the reception of refugees during the first period of the war in Ukraine in Wrocław, a city that became one of the main Polish hubs of war‐triggered migration. Analysing specific examples of the organisation of activities concerning the aid given to newcomers from Ukraine, we indicate the actors involved in these measures, the range of resources mobilised, the way in which tasks were divided, and the relations between the cooperating stakeholders. The study highlights the key role of agility in managing the issue of reception. However, it is not the quality of the existing system, but the result of the need to develop ad hoc solutions to deal with potential crises. Even so, the flexibility of action, the fluidity of task distribution and the ‘community of the higher purpose’ have enabled effective measures to build the resilience of cities to the threat.
Shifting Positionings and Queer Time at the Precipice of Apocalypse
Authors: Luger Jason 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis commentary on Kath Browne and Catherine Nash's paper ‘From hegemonic to where?', considers the ‘between‐ness’ and precarious ephemerality of queer life at the precipice of apocalypse. Substantively, the commentary critically addresses three of Browne and Nash's key themes, which they develop according to a queer ontology. These are: (a) temporality, and the notions of nonlinearity and reversibility; (b) the unsteadiness and precarity of ‘between‐ness’ and the radical openness it allows; and finally, (c) the complex and dynamic, sometimes contradictory, understandings and positionalities of [hetero]activism and resistances. This commentary lauds Browne and Nash's significant contribution to greater understandings of these socio‐cultural complexities. The paper demonstrates poignantly how a queer framework can broaden understanding of hegemony and marginality; power, spatiality and gender; and the negotiation of intersectional identities. The commentary also offers a few provocations about just how much room the blurry ‘in‐between’ can be given at this critical socio‐political moment.
DWARF AND LOW‐TILLERING 2 functions in brassinosteroid signaling and controls plant architecture and grain size in rice
Authors: Zou Ting , Zhang Kaixuan , Zhang Jing , Liu Sijing , Liang Jing , Liu Jiaxu , Zhu Jun , Liang Yueyang , Wang Shiquan , Deng Qiming , Liu Huainian , Jin Jinghua , Li Ping , Li Shuangcheng 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYBrassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid phytohormones that control various aspects of plant growth and development. Several transcriptional factors (TFs) have been suggested to play roles in BR signaling. However, their possible relationship remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a rice mutant dwarf and low‐tillering 2 (dlt2) with altered plant architecture, increased grain width, and reduced BR sensitivity. DLT2 encodes a GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE (GAI)‐REPRESSOR OF GAI (RGA)‐SCARECROW (GRAS) TF that is mainly localized in the nucleus and has weak transcriptional activity. Our further genetic and biochemical analyses indicate that DLT2 interacts with two BR‐signaling‐related TFs, DLT and BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT 1, and probably modulates their transcriptional activity. These findings imply that DLT2 is implicated in a potentially transcriptional complex that mediates BR signaling and rice development and suggests that DLT2 could be a potential target for improving rice architecture and grain morphology. This work also sheds light on the role of rice GRAS members in regulating numerous developmental processes.