bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning of Summer Melt Ponds From Winter Sea Ice Surface Temperature
Authors: Thielke Linda , Fuchs Niels , Spreen Gunnar , Tremblay Bruno , Birnbaum Gerit , Huntemann Marcus , Hutter Nils , Itkin Polona , Jutila Arttu , Webster Melinda A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComparing helicopter‐borne surface temperature maps in winter and optical orthomosaics in summer from the year‐long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition, we find a strong geometric correlation between warm anomalies in winter and melt pond location the following summer. Warm anomalies are associated with thinner snow and ice, that is, surface depression and refrozen leads, that allow for water accumulation during melt. Warm surface temperature anomalies in January were 0.3–2.5 K warmer on sea ice that later formed melt ponds. A one‐dimensional steady‐state thermodynamic model shows that the observed surface temperature differences are in line with the observed ice thickness and snow depth. We demonstrate the potential of seasonal prediction of summer melt pond location and coverage from winter surface temperature observations. A threshold‐based classification achieves a correct classification for 41% of the melt ponds.
Understanding Subsurface Fracture Evolution Dynamics Using Time‐Lapse Full Waveform Inversion of Continuous Active‐Source Seismic Monitoring Data
Authors: Liu Xuejian , Zhu Tieyuan , Ajo‐Franklin Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPredicting the behavior, geometry, and flow properties of subsurface fractures remains a challenging problem. Seismic models that can characterize fractures usually suffer from low spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we develop a correlative double‐difference time‐lapse full waveform inversion of continuous active source seismic monitoring data for determining high‐spatiotemporal‐resolution time‐lapse Vp models of in‐situ fracture evolution at a shallow contamination site in Wyoming, USA. Assisted by rock physics modeling, we find that (a) rapidly increasing pore pressure initializes and grows the fracture, increasing the porosity slightly (from ∼13.7% to ∼14.6%) in the tight clay formation, thus decreasing Vp (∼50 m/s); (b) the fluid injection continues decreasing Vp, likely through the introduction of gas bubbles in the injectate; and (c) final Vp reductions reach over ∼150 m/s due to a posited ∼4.5% gas saturation. Our results demonstrate that high‐resolution Vp changes are indicative of mechanical and fluid changes within the fracture zone during hydrofracturing.
Direct Observations of Energetic Electron Scattering and Precipitation Due To Whistler‐Mode Waves in the Dayside High‐Density Regions
Authors: Sugo Shin , Kasahara Satoshi , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Katoh Yuto , Keika Kunihiro , Yokota Shoichiro , Hori Tomoaki , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuda Shoya , Matsuoka Ayako , Shinohara Iku , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kumamoto Atsushi , Nakamura Satoko , Kitahara Masahiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlasmaspheric hiss waves play an important role in electron precipitation, leading to the formation of slot region in the Earth's radiation belt. Previous studies indicate that the electron density and the background magnetic field strength are responsible for the intensity of whistler‐mode waves and resultant electron precipitation. Nevertheless, no direct evidence of the strong pitch angle scattering of energetic electrons by hiss waves inside the plasmasphere has been obtained due to the small loss cone near the magnetic equator, where the scattering occurs. Furthermore, the density and magnetic field structures have not been investigated simultaneously and on the same magnetic field lines as the hiss wave enhancement and electron precipitation. With high angular resolution data of ∼10–100 keV electron flux obtained by the Medium‐Energy Particle experiments‐electron analyzer onboard the Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace satellite, we identified two events of the strong electron precipitation. A detailed examination revealed that the precipitation occurs in association with the amplitude enhancement of hiss waves. Moreover, strong scattering occurs simultaneously with electron density enhancements, while the magnetic field strength hardly correlates with the wave intensity. Our direct observations indicate that the electron density and its spatial structure (gradient) are crucial to electron precipitation. The observations also indicate that strong scattering leading to substantial loss cone filling occurs up to the magnetic latitude of ∼15° for the events.
Distinguishing Physical and Biological Controls on the Carbon Dynamics in a High‐Arctic Outlet Strait
Authors: Burgers T. M. , Miller L. A. , Rysgaard S. , Mortensen J. , Else B. , Tremblay J.‐É. , Papakyriakou T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe water mass assembly of Nares Strait is variable, owing to fluctuating wind forcings over the central Arctic Basin, and irregular northward flows from the West Greenland Current (WGC) in Baffin Bay. Here we characterize the physico‐chemical properties of the water masses entering Nares Strait in August 2014. We employ an extended optimum multi‐parameter (OMP) analysis to estimate the mixing fractions of predefined source water masses, and to distinguish the role of physical and biological processes in governing the distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in Nares Strait. We show the first documented evidence of Siberian shelf waters arriving in Nares Strait, along with a diluted upper halocline layer of partial Pacific‐origin. These mixed‐origin water masses appear to play an important role in driving a modest phytoplankton bloom in Kane Basin, leading to decreased surface pCO2 concentrations in Nares Strait. Although inorganic nitrogen was already limited near the surface in northern Nares Strait, the rather shallow upper halocline layer and the shoaling bathymetry in Kane Basin facilitated upwelling of nutrients to the surface. Our observations suggest that the positioning of the Transpolar Drift, and hence the balance of Atlantic and Pacific water delivered to Nares Strait, may play an important role in regional biological productivity and carbon uptake from the atmosphere. We also observed water masses from the WGC transported as far north as Kane Basin, contributing to relatively high pCO2 and low pH in the intermediate and deep water column of southern Nares Strait and northern Baffin Bay.
Impact of Model Resolution on Secondary Eyewall Formation and Eyewall Replacement Cycle
Authors: Wang Xingbao , Weng Fuzhong , Peng Wenwu , Zhang Hongjie , Li Qinglan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDepicting Secondary Eyewall Formation (SEF) and Eyewall Replacement Cycle (ERC) in a numerical model is important for tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting. However, there is no consensus about what resolutions are appropriate to describe SEF/ERC within a full‐physics mesoscale model. In this study, numerical experiments are conducted to examine the impact of the horizontal and vertical resolutions on SEF/ERC. The mesoscale model is configured through nesting to the horizontal grid spacings of 6, 4, 2, 1.33, 0.67‐km, and with 27‐ and 54‐levels on an f‐plane in a quiescent environment. In addition, there are more levels below 1.5‐km to better describe the TC boundary layer (TCBL). The simulations with 6 and 4‐km grid spacings show no obvious SEF/ERC regardless of the number of vertical levels. When the horizontal grid spacings decrease to 2‐km or smaller, the simulations manifest SEF/ERC. These results are supported by a few simulations with the ARW model using similar configurations. Furthermore, the spectra of kinetic energy and vertical velocity from various resolutions confirm that the grid spacings should be smaller than 4‐km to resolve SEF/ERC. The impact of doubling vertical levels on the SEF/ERC is not as significant as doubling the horizontal resolutions. Finally, we discuss the coupling between the balanced/unbalanced flows (above/in the TCBL), and their effect on SEF. It is proposed that the coupled balanced/unbalanced processes that generate the quasi‐steady cooling zone in the primary eyewall and two warming regions inside and beyond the cooling zone are essential for SEF.
Calibration‐Free Priestley‐Taylor Method for Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation
Authors: Su Qiong , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Priestley‐Taylor (PT) method is widely used in hydrologic and crop models to calculate the atmospheric demand for water or reference evapotranspiration (ETo). However, the default value of the PT coefficient cannot assure reliability under different climatic regions due to the inadequate consideration of the aerodynamic components. In addition, the spatial and temporal evolution of PTa at global scales and how meteorological parameters affect its change have not been elucidated to date. Here, we derived an analytical expression of PTa following the Penman‐Monteith method, i.e., , where SA and represent the available energy and wind speed impacts on ETo, respectively. The daily Princeton Global Forcing data set (0.25° × 0.25°, 1948–2016) was used to validate PTa. The calibration‐free PTa improved the simulation of aerodynamic components and, consequently, the accuracy of ETo estimation. The gridded global monthly PTa data set is fully open‐source and can be incorporated into hydrologic and crop models. We also demonstrated that PTa under equilibrium or quasi‐equilibrium evaporation conditions (1.26 ± 0.04) was very close to the default value. The simplified PTa, with relative humidity as the only input, still performed better than the original method. Results indicated that the radiative component was the driving factor of the global ETo changes from 1948 to 2016. The impacts of available energy and wind speed on global ETo variations tend to intensify in a warming climate. Our findings have important implications for understanding the roles of radiative and aerodynamic components in the global ETo changes.
Reconstitution of human pyroptotic cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ji Yanhao , Hawkins Christine J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPyroptosis is a lytic form of programmed cell death induced by the activation of gasdermins. The precise mechanism of gasdermin activation by upstream proteases remains incompletely understood. Here, we reconstituted human pyroptotic cell death in yeast by inducible expression of caspases and gasdermins. Functional interactions were reflected by the detection of cleaved gasdermin-D (GSDMD) and gasdermin-E (GSDME), plasma membrane permeabilization, and reduced growth and proliferative potential. Following overexpression of human caspases-1, -4, -5, and -8, GSDMD was cleaved. Similarly, active caspase-3 induced proteolytic cleavage of co-expressed GSDME. Caspase-mediated cleavage of GSDMD or GSDME liberated the ~ 30 kDa cytotoxic N-terminal fragments of these proteins, permeabilized the plasma membrane and compromised yeast growth and proliferation potential. Interestingly, the observation of yeast lethality mediated by co-expression of caspases-1 or -2 with GSDME signified functional cooperation between these proteins in yeast. The small molecule pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh reduced caspase-mediated yeast toxicity, allowing us to expand the utility of this yeast model to investigate the activation of gasdermins by caspases that would otherwise be highly lethal to yeast. These yeast biological models provide handy platforms to study pyroptotic cell death and to screen for and characterize potential necroptotic inhibitors.
Vers une science ouverte francophone en santé. Le champ de l’éducation médicale est aussi concerné
Authors: Cauli Marie , Lemarié Etienne , Tremblay Yves 
Published: February 2023

Contexte et problématique : La société des savoirs constitue un changement de paradigme sur la forme et sur le fond. La science ouverte (SO) est un mouvement mondial qui vise à rendre accessible les produits de la recherche et qui s’accélère avec les potentialités technologiques. Elle s’appuie sur un certain nombre de principes : accès et diffusion large et sans entrave, partage et retombée des produits de la recherche avec la société civile. Contenu et analyse : La SO comporte un accès libre et gratuit aux articles, un accès aux données sources, une analyse des données, la mise à disposition de pré-prints, l’évaluation ouverte. Dans ce contexte, la francophonie, par l’hétérogénéité de ses situations et son homogénéité linguistique, apparaît comme un terrain privilégié d’observation et d’expérimentation. Le Groupe de réflexion et d’information en science ouverte francophone (GRISOF), qui œuvre à l’amélioration de la recherche francophone dans la science médicale et en santé, propose, à partir de ses acquis, quelques clés pratiques pour le chercheur clinicien, le chercheur en biomédical et en santé publique, oriente sa réflexion vers l’évaluation et intensifie sa feuille de route sur la formation. Si l’anglais est la langue prédominante, le traitement automatique du langage (TAL) constitue une opportunité technologique. L’accès libre aux articles donne une opportunité aux travaux en français de mieux se faire connaître, de même que la traduction numérisée permet d’accéder aux articles d’autres langues. Conclusion : L’accès libre aux articles permet d’améliorer la profondeur et l’étendue des connaissances des étudiants. Il constitue une composante essentielle des apprentissages de recherche. Faire participer les étudiants à la publication ouverte de leurs propres travaux est un moyen de les sensibiliser aux pratiques scientifiques ouvertes.
Areas of endemism and environmental heterogeneity: a case study in Mexican legumes
Authors: Arenas-Navarro Maribel , Escalante Tania , Miguel-Talonia César , Silva-Galicia Ana , Téllez-Valdés Oswaldo 
Published: February 2023

Fabaceae is a monophyletic family comprising more than 22 000 species worldwide. In Mexico, it is the second-most species rich family, inhabiting multiple ecosystems with a high diversity of life forms. Our aims were to (1) identify areas of endemism (AEs) by using endemicity analysis at different cell sizes (1°, 0.5° and 0.25°) for 488 Mexican legumes, (2) describe the climatic and topographic heterogeneity of AE, (3) determine whether there is a positive relationship between AEs and climatic and topographic heterogeneity and (4) examine the conservation status of legumes that defined the AEs. We found six general AEs, supported by 63 species, with endemicity index values ranging from 2.05 to 6.86. These general areas had zones where biogeographical provinces intersected and exhibited a higher environmental heterogeneity. Areas detected at 1° showed a positive relationship between endemicity index and environmental heterogeneity. Legume species currently lack legal protection in Mexico, 69% of the endemic species do not have an evaluation category according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and eight species are in some risk category. Future conservation efforts should focus on protecting endemism areas from accomplishing representative natural protected areas.
Secluded dark sector and muon (g-2) in the light of fast expanding Universe
Authors: Ganguly Sougata , Roy Sourov , Tapadar Ananya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The lack of information before Big Bang Neucleosynthesis (BBN) allow us to assume the
presence of a new species ϕ whose energy density redshifts as a
-4+n
where n > 0 and
a is the scale factor. This non-standard cosmological setup facilitates a larger portal
coupling (ϵ) between the dark and the visible sectors even when the two sectors are not
in thermal equilibrium. Here, we have considered U(1)
Lμ-Lτ
⊗ U(1)
X
gauge
extension of the Standard Model (SM) and studied different phases of the cosmological evolution of
a thermally decoupled dark sector such as leak-in, freeze-in, reannihilation, and late-time
annihilation in the presence of fast expansion. Due to the tree level kinetic mixing between
U(1)
X
and U(1)
Lμ-Lτ
gauge bosons, the dark sector couples with the μ and τ
flavored leptons of the SM. We show that in our scenario it is possible to reconcile the dark
matter relic density and muon (g-2) anomaly. In particular, we show that for 2 × 10-4 ≲ ϵ ≲ 10-3, 5.5 MeV ≲ mZ
'
≲ 200
MeV, n = 4, and 1 TeV ≲ mχ
≲ 10 TeV relic density constraint
of dark matter, constraint from muon (g-2) anomaly, and other cosmological, astrophysical
constraints are satisfied.
Measurement of wide energy range neutrons with a CLYC(Ce) scintillator
Authors: Zhou Weixin , Cui Tongyuan , Zhang Zhi , Yang Yigang , Yi Han , Hou Donghui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The CLYC(Ce) (Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+) scintillator can
identify different particles with various specific energy losses and
is capable of measuring the fast neutron energy via the
35Cl(n,p)35S reaction. Thus, it is rational to expect
using this detector for monitoring the on-site neutron dose rate for
astronauts or equipments working at a spacecraft, which may undergo
the irradiation of cosmic rays of energetic protons or alpha
particles that could induce the production of spallation
neutrons. However, as the spallation neutrons, as well as the
moderated neutrons, have an energy distribution from the thermal
region to several hundred MeV, the direct measurement of the neutron
spectrum, which helps calculate the exact value of dose rate in the
spacecraft, requires that the energy response matrices should be
known in advance. In this study, we calibrated a
Φ38 mm × 38 mm CLYC(Ce) scintillator detector with
the Back-n beamline at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS),
acquiring its energy response matrices (ERM) ranging from 0.1 MeV
to 100 MeV. To verify the CLYC(Ce) scintillator detector's
capability for measuring neutrons with such a wide region, using the
ERM, the energy spectrum of the Back-n beamline was reconstructed
and the result conformed to the CSNS-measured result well; a good
conformation between the reconstructed spectrum and the standard
Watt fission neutron spectrum of 252Cf was also observed. This
calibrated detector then was used to measure the cosmic-ray induced
neutron spectra at five different sites in China of various
altitudes. The measured neutron fluxes at five different sites
conformed to results predicted by the EXcel based Program
Atmospheric Cosmic-ray Spectrum (EXPACS). The results presented in
this study indicate that the CLYC(Ce) scintillator detector is
promising to be used in spacecraft as a neutron monitor with a wide
energy range.
Bounds for the reduction number of primary ideal in dimension three
Authors: Mandal Mousumi , Saloni Kumari 
Published: February 2023

Let

(
R
,

m

)

(R,\mathfrak {m})

be a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of dimension

d
≥
3

d\geq 3

and

I
I

an

m

\mathfrak {m}

-primary ideal of

R
R

. Let

r
J

(
I
)

r_J(I)

be the reduction number of

I
I

with respect to a minimal reduction

J
J

of

I
I

. Suppose

depth
⁡
G
(
I
)
≥
d
−
3

\operatorname {depth} G(I)\geq d-3

. We prove that

r
J

(
I
)
≤

e
1

(
I
)
−

e
0

(
I
)
+
λ
(
R

/

I
)
+
1
+
(

e
2

(
I
)
−
1
)

e
2

(
I
)
−

e
3

(
I
)

r_J(I)\leq e_1(I)-e_0(I)+\lambda (R/I)+1+(e_2(I)-1)e_2(I)-e_3(I)

, where

e
i

(
I
)

e_i(I)

are Hilbert coefficients. Suppose

d
=
3

d=3

and

depth
⁡
G
(

I
t

)
>
0

\operatorname {depth} G(I^t)>0

for some

t
≥
1

t\geq 1

. Then we prove that

r
J

(
I
)
≤

e
1

(
I
)
−

e
0

(
I
)
+
λ
(
R

/

I
)
+
t

r_J(I)\leq e_1(I)-e_0(I)+\lambda (R/I)+t

.
Clinical Next-Generation Sequencing Panels Reveal Molecular Differences Between Merkel Cell Polyomavirus–Negative Merkel Cell Carcinomas and Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
Authors: Hartsough Emily , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Lennerz Jochen K , Dias-Santagata Dora , Hoang Mai P 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to determine molecular differences between Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)–negative Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs).MethodsOur study included 56 MCCs (28 MCPyV negative, 28 MCPyV positive) and 106 NECs (66 small cell NECs, 21 large cell NECs, and 19 poorly differentiated NECs) submitted for clinical molecular testing.ResultsAPC, MAP3K1, NF1, PIK3CA, RB1, ROS1, and TSC1 mutations, in addition to high tumor mutational burden and UV signature, were frequently noted in MCPyV-negative MCC in comparison to small cell NEC and all NECs analyzed, while KRAS mutations were more frequently noted in large cell NEC and all NECs analyzed. Although not sensitive, the presence of either NF1 or PIK3CA is specific for MCPyV-negative MCC. The frequencies of KEAP1, STK11, and KRAS alterations were significantly higher in large cell NEC. Fusions were detected in 6.25% (6/96) of NECs yet in none of 45 analyzed MCCs.ConclusionsHigh tumor mutational burden and UV signature, as well as the presence of NF1 and PIK3CA mutations, are supportive of MCPyV-negative MCC, whereas KEAP1, STK11, and KRAS mutations are supportive of NEC in the appropriate clinical context. Although rare, the presence of a gene fusion is supportive of NEC.
Self–Tallying Electronic Voting Based on Blockchain
Authors: Zeng Gongxian , He Meiqi , Yiu Siu Ming , Huang Zhengan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Paper–based voting systems are not only environmentally unfriendly but also require a lot of manpower for tallying. Gongxian Zeng, Meiqi He, Siu Ming Yiu, Zhengan Huang propose an alternative in The Computer Journal (Volume 65, issue 12, December 2022)
Selection on an extreme-yet-conserved larval life-history strategy in a tapeworm
Authors: Benesh Daniel P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Evolutionary stasis characterizes many phenotypes, even ones that seem suboptimal. Among tapeworms, Schistocephalus solidus and its relatives have some of the shortest developmental times in their first intermediate hosts, yet their development still seems excessively long considering they can grow faster, larger, and safer in the next hosts in their complex life cycles. I conducted 4 generations of selection on the developmental rate of S. solidus in its copepod first host, pushing a conserved-but-counterintuitive phenotype toward the limit of known tapeworm life-history strategies. Faster parasite development evolved and enabled earlier infectivity to the stickleback next host, but low heritability for infectivity moderated fitness gains. Fitness losses were more pronounced for slow-developing parasite families, irrespective of selection line, because directional selection released linked genetic variation for reduced infectivity to copepods, developmental stability, and fecundity. This deleterious variation is normally suppressed, implying development is canalized and thus under stabilizing selection. Nevertheless, faster development was not costly; fast-developing genotypes did not decrease copepod survival, even under host starvation, nor did they underperform in the next hosts, suggesting parasite stages in successive hosts are genetically decoupled. I speculate that, on longer time scales, the ultimate cost of abbreviated development is reduced size-dependent infectivity.