bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Exceptionalism in the Climate Change Treaties
Authors: Zahar Alexander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAgricultural emissions in most countries have been increasing against a backdrop of decreasing non-agricultural emissions. The climate change treaties contain a qualification that appears to exempt the agricultural sector from mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions where there is a ‘threat to food production’. This potential mitigation exception gives rise to the risk that states will invoke a threat to food production in order to shield their agricultural sector from intensifying mitigation pressure. A systematic analysis of documentation issued pursuant to the climate treaties reveals that many states, both developed and developing, have made statements suggesting that their agricultural sector is relieved of some or all of the pressure placed on other economic sectors to deliver mitigation outcomes. However, this concern that mitigation of agricultural emissions will threaten food production is only weakly supported, even as it threatens achievement of the Paris Agreement's goal of keeping global warming ‘well below 2°C’.
Freshwater Transport Over the Northeast Greenland Shelf in Fram Strait
Authors: Karpouzoglou T. , de Steur L. , Dodd P. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe assess the contribution of flow over the Northeast Greenland Shelf (NEGS) to the total freshwater transport (FWT) through the Fram Strait. We analyze available observations since 2013 consisting of hydrographic sections, new mooring data, and surface‐geostrophic velocity and ERA5 winds. We provide first seasonal estimates of the FWT over the entire shelf and find a net southward FWT between 47 and 56 mSv (reference salinity 34.9), or ∼40%–45% of the total FWT through the Fram Strait. In summer, the long‐term mean FWT east of 8°W cumulates to 27 mSv southward, there is no trend toward increasing FWT, and new mooring data show a large seasonal cycle. We show that the NEGS contributes significantly to the Arctic freshwater outflow, however, uncertainty is high. To close the Arctic freshwater budget and provide better FWT estimates to the North Atlantic, sustained year‐round observations on the NEGS are essential.
Statistics of Unusual Naturally Occurring VLF Radio Emissions Termed Bursty‐Patches Observed at Kannuslehto, Finland
Authors: Martinez‐Calderon C. , Manninen J. K. , Manninen J. T. , Turunen T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report the results from a statistical study of a new type of naturally occurring, but differently structured very low frequency (VLF) radio waves called “VLF bursty‐patches.” Their main characteristic is that they are detected at frequencies above the electron gyrofrequency (fce) in the equatorial plane for the L‐shell of observation. Here we use the data from the station of Kannuslehto, Finland (KAN, MLAT = 64.4°N, L = 5.5) with fce ∼ 5–6 kHz where VLF bursty‐patches are commonly detected on at least 43% of its campaign days. We analyzed all available data for 2017 (∼8 months) separating the observations by spectral type, periodicity, number of bursts, observed frequency, and accompanying usual VLF emissions at lower frequencies (f < 6 kHz). We found that the overall highest occurrence rate is in the morning sector (05–12 MLT) correlating with general VLF occurrence rate at KAN (07–13 MLT, MLT = UT + 1.5 hr). Grouping usual VLF emissions and bursty‐patches showing similar spectral features, suggests that both groups are being generated by the same mechanisms (e.g., temperature anisotropy magnetospheric plasma distribution). However, unlike the situation for usual VLF emissions, the daily occurrence of bursty‐patches did not show a clear relationship with AE index. Superposed epoch analysis of magnetic components from the Sodankylä magnetometer (∼45 km from KAN) shows that VLF bursty‐patches are detected when the horizontal component of the magnetic field shows minimum variations. This suggests that propagation to the ground of bursty‐patches is conditioned to localized low variations of magnetic activity.
A Coupled Deep Learning Model for Estimating Surface NO2 Levels From Remote Sensing Data: 15‐Year Study Over the Contiguous United States
Authors: Ghahremanloo Masoud , Lops Yannic , Choi Yunsoo , Mousavinezhad Seyedali , Jung Jia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a novel two‐step deep learning (DL) model for estimating surface NO2 concentrations using satellite data over the contiguous United States (CONUS) from 2005 to 2019. The first phase of the model uses partial convolutional neural network (PCNN), an advanced DL model that accurately imputes gaps between surface NO2 stations and creates 5,478 daily‐mean NO2 grids (PCNN‐NO2) of the 2005–2019 period over the study area. We then feed the PCNN‐NO2, along with other predictor variables, into a deep neural network (DNN) to estimate surface NO2 levels, achieving exceptional performance with a correlation coefficient of 0.975–0.978, a mean absolute bias of 0.99–1.38 ppb, and a root mean square error of 1.47–1.97 ppb. Spatial cross‐validation results also indicate strong spatial performance of PCNN‐DNN surface NO2 estimates. In addition to its accurate estimates, the PCNN‐DNN model consistently generates estimated NO2 grids without any missing values, improving the quality of various applications such as emission reduction strategies and public health studies. Between 2005 and 2019, the 5,478 daily estimated NO2 grids over the CONUS reveal significant reductions in NO2 levels in 14 major urban environments: Washington D.C. (−43%), New York (−45%), Los Angeles (−38%), Chicago (−25%), Boston (−43%), Houston (−34%), Dallas (−40%), Philadelphia (−41%), Phoenix (−38%), Detroit (−20%), Denver (−23%), Atlanta (−0.7%), Cincinnati (−38%), and Pittsburgh (−56%). Furthermore, the study shows that the denser urban regions that in‐situ stations are installed in, the higher the difference between in‐situ observations and regional‐mean NO2 levels.
Evolution and Features of Dust Devil‐Like Vortices in Turbulent Rayleigh‐Bénard Convection—An Experimental Study
Authors: Kaestner Christian , Schneider Julien David , du Puits Ronald 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present an experimental study simulating atmospheric dust devils in a controlled laboratory experiment. The experimental facility, called the “Barrel of Ilmenau” (www.ilmenauer-fass.de) represents a classical Rayleigh‐Bénard set‐up and is believed to model the phenomena in a convective atmospheric boundary layer fairly well. Our work complements and extends the numerical work of Giersch and Raasch (2021)https//doi.org/10.1029/2020jd034334 by experiments. Dust devils are thermal convective vortices with a vertical axis of rotation visualized by entrained soil particles. They evolve in the convective atmospheric boundary layer and are believed to substantially contribute to the aerosol transport into the atmosphere. Thus, their evolution, size, lifetime, and frequency of occurrence are of particular research interest. Extensive experimental studies have been conducted by field measurements and laboratory experiments so far. Beyond that, our study is the first attempt of Rayleigh‐Bénard convection (RBC) in air to investigate dust devil‐like vortices in a laboratory experiment. Up to now, this set‐up mimics the natural process of dust devil evolution as closest to reality. The flow measurement was carried out by particle tracking velocimetry using neutrally buoyant soap bubbles. We initially identified dust devil‐like vortices by eye from the Lagrangian velocity field, and in a later, more sophisticated analysis by a specific algorithm from the corresponding Eulerian velocity field. We analyzed their frequency of occurrence, observation time, and size. With our work, we could demonstrate that turbulent RBC is an appropriate model to mimic the natural process of the evolution of dust devils in the convective atmospheric boundary layer without artificial stimulation.
Statistical Temporal Variations in the Auroral Electrojet Estimated With Ground Magnetometers in Fennoscandia
Authors: Walker Simon , Laundal Karl , Reistad Jone , Ohma Anders , Hatch Spencer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present the implementation of an improved technique to coherently model the high‐latitude ionospheric equivalent current. Using a fixed selection of 20 ground magnetometers in Fennoscandia, we present a method based on Spherical Elementary Current Systems (SECS) to model the currents coherently during 2000–2020. Due to the north‐south extent of the magnetometers, we focus on the model output along the 105° magnetic meridian. Our improvements involve fixed data locations and SECS analysis grid and using a priori knowledge of the large‐scale currents improving the robustness of the inverse problem solution. We account for contributions from ground induced currents assuming so‐called mirror currents. This study produces a new data set of divergence‐free (DF) currents and magnetic field perturbations along the 105° magnetic meridian with 1‐min resolution. By comparing averages of the data set with an empirical model of the ionosphere we demonstrate the validity of the data set. We show how our data set, in particular its temporal nature, is distinct from empirical models and other studies. Not only can the temporal evolution of the DF currents and magnetic field perturbations be investigated, but the time derivative of said quantities can be analyzed. For application in ground induced currents, we present the statistical properties of where (in magnetic latitude and local time) and at what rate (∂Br/∂t) the radial magnetic field component fluctuates, a temporal derivative that has received very little attention. We show that ∂Br/∂t is dependent on latitude, local time, and solar cycle. We present other applications such as Ultra Low Frequency Waves monitoring.
Catecholamine induces Kupffer cell apoptosis via growth differentiation factor 15 in alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Kim Hee-Hoon , Shim Young-Ri , Choi Sung Eun , Kim Myung-Ho , Lee Giljae , You Hyun Ju , Choi Won-Mook , Yang Keungmo , Ryu Tom , Kim Kyurae , Kim Min Jeong , Woo Chaerin , Chung Katherine Po Sin , Hong Song Hwa , Eun Hyuk Soo , Kim Seok-Hwan , Ko GwangPyo , Park Jong-Eun , Gao Bin , Kim Won , Jeong Won-Il 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChronic alcohol consumption often induces hepatic steatosis but rarely causes severe inflammation in Kupffer cells (KCs) despite the increased hepatic influx of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting the presence of a veiled tolerance mechanism. In addition to LPS, the liver is affected by several gut-derived neurotransmitters through the portal blood, but the effects of catecholamines on KCs have not been clearly explored in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Hence, we investigated the regulatory roles of catecholamine on inflammatory KCs under chronic alcohol exposure. We discovered that catecholamine levels were significantly elevated in the cecum, portal blood, and liver tissues of chronic ethanol-fed mice. Increased catecholamines induced mitochondrial translocation of cytochrome P450 2E1 in perivenous hepatocytes expressing the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), leading to the enhanced production of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Subsequently, GDF15 profoundly increased ADRB2 expression in adjacent inflammatory KCs to facilitate catecholamine/ADRB2-mediated apoptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing of KCs confirmed the elevated expression of Adrb2 and apoptotic genes after chronic ethanol intake. Genetic ablation of Adrb2 or hepatic Gdf15 robustly decreased the number of apoptotic KCs near perivenous areas, exacerbating alcohol-associated inflammation. Consistently, we found that blood and stool catecholamine levels and perivenous GDF15 expression were increased in patients with early-stage ALD along with an increase in apoptotic KCs. Our findings reveal a novel protective mechanism against ALD, in which the catecholamine/GDF15 axis plays a critical role in KC apoptosis, and identify a unique neuro-metabo-immune axis between the gut and liver that elicits hepatoprotection against alcohol-mediated pathogenic challenges.
Epithelial plasticity enhances regeneration of committed taste receptor cells following nerve injury
Authors: Adpaikar Anish Ashok , Lee Jong-Min , Lee Dong-Joon , Cho Hye-Yeon , Ohshima Hayato , Moon Seok Jun , Jung Han-Sung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTaste receptor cells are taste bud epithelial cells that are dependent upon the innervating nerve for continuous renewal and are maintained by resident tissue stem/progenitor cells. Transection of the innervating nerve causes degeneration of taste buds and taste receptor cells. However, a subset of the taste receptor cells is maintained without nerve contact after glossopharyngeal nerve transection in the circumvallate papilla in adult mice. Here, we revealed that injury caused by glossopharyngeal nerve transection triggers the remaining differentiated K8-positive taste receptor cells to dedifferentiate and acquire transient progenitor cell-like states during regeneration. Dedifferentiated taste receptor cells proliferate, express progenitor cell markers (K14, Sox2, PCNA) and form organoids in vitro. These data indicate that differentiated taste receptor cells can enter the cell cycle, acquire stemness, and participate in taste bud regeneration. We propose that dedifferentiated taste receptor cells in combination with stem/progenitor cells enhance the regeneration of taste buds following nerve injury.
CRISPR-Cas provides limited phage immunity to a prevalent gut bacterium in gnotobiotic mice
Authors: Rasmussen Torben Sølbeck , Koefoed Anna Kirstine , Deng Ling , Muhammed Musemma K , Rousseau Geneviève M , Kot Witold , Sprotte Sabrina , Neve Horst , Franz Charles M A P , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Vogensen Finn Kvist , Moineau Sylvain , Nielsen Dennis Sandris 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many bacteria and archaea harbor the adaptive CRISPR-Cas system, which stores small nucleotide fragments from previous invasions of nucleic acids via viruses or plasmids. This molecular archive blocks further invaders carrying identical or similar nucleotide sequences. However, few of these systems have been confirmed experimentally to be active in gut bacteria. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that the type I-C CRISPR-Cas system of the prevalent gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta can specifically target and cleave foreign DNA in vitro by using a plasmid transformation assay. We also show that the CRISPR-Cas system acquires new immunities (spacers) from the genome of a virulent E. lenta phage using traditional phage assays in vitro but also in vivo using gnotobiotic (GB) mice. Both high phage titer and an increased number of spacer acquisition events were observed when E. lenta was exposed to a low multiplicity of infection in vitro, and three phage genes were found to contain protospacer hotspots. Fewer new spacer acquisitions were detected in vivo than in vitro. Longitudinal analysis of phage-bacteria interactions showed sustained coexistence in the gut of GB mice, with phage abundance being approximately one log higher than the bacteria. Our findings show that while the type I-C CRISPR-Cas system is active in vitro and in vivo, a highly virulent phage in vitro was still able to co-exist with its bacterial host in vivo. Taken altogether, our results suggest that the CRISPR-Cas defense system of E. lenta provides only partial immunity in the gut.
Sleep disturbance as a transdiagnostic marker of psychiatric risk in children with neurodevelopmental risk genetic conditions
Authors: Chawner Samuel J. R. A. , Evans Alexandra ,   IMAGINE-ID consortium, Wolstencroft Jeanne , Chawner Samuel J. R. A. , Hall Jeremy , van den Bree Marianne B. M. , Owen Michael J. , Skuse David , Raymond F. Lucy , Williams Nigel , Owen Michael J. , Hall Jeremy , van den Bree Marianne B. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChildren with rare neurodevelopmental genetic conditions (ND-GCs) are at high risk for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Sleep symptomatology may represent a transdiagnostic risk indicator within this patient group. Here we present data from 629 children with ND-GCs, recruited via the United Kingdom’s National Health Service medical genetic clinics. Sibling controls (183) were also invited to take part. Detailed assessments were conducted to characterise the sleep phenotype of children with ND-GCs in comparison to controls. Latent class analysis was conducted to derive subgroups of children with an ND-GC based on sleep symptomatology. Assessment of cognition and psychopathology allowed investigation of whether the sleep phenotypic subgroup was associated with neuropsychiatric outcomes. We found that children with an ND-GC, when compared to control siblings, were at elevated risk of insomnia (ND-GC = 41% vs Controls = 17%, p < 0.001) and of experiencing at least one sleep symptom (ND-GC = 66% vs Controls = 39%, p < 0.001). On average, insomnia was found to have an early onset (2.8 years) in children with an ND-GC and to impact across multiple contexts. Children in subgroups linked to high sleep symptomatology were also at high risk of psychiatric outcomes (OR ranging from 2.0 to 21.5 depending on psychiatric condition). Our findings demonstrate that children with high genetic vulnerability for neurodevelopmental outcomes exhibit high rates of insomnia and sleep symptomatology. Sleep disruption has wide-ranging impacts on psychosocial function, and indexes those children at greater neuropsychiatric risk. Insomnia was found to onset in early childhood, highlighting the potential for early intervention strategies for psychiatric risk informed by sleep profile.
The Stroop effect involves an excitatory–inhibitory fronto-cerebellar loop
Authors: Okayasu Moe , Inukai Tensei , Tanaka Daiki , Tsumura Kaho , Shintaki Reiko , Takeda Masaki , Nakahara Kiyoshi , Jimura Koji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Stroop effect is a classical, well-known behavioral phenomenon in humans that refers to robust interference between language and color information. It remains unclear, however, when the interference occurs and how it is resolved in the brain. Here we show that the Stroop effect occurs during perception of color–word stimuli and involves a cross-hemispheric, excitatory–inhibitory loop functionally connecting the lateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Participants performed a Stroop task and a non-verbal control task (which we term the Swimmy task), and made a response vocally or manually. The Stroop effect involved the lateral prefrontal cortex in the left hemisphere and the cerebellum in the right hemisphere, independently of the response type; such lateralization was absent during the Swimmy task, however. Moreover, the prefrontal cortex amplified cerebellar activity, whereas the cerebellum suppressed prefrontal activity. This fronto–cerebellar loop may implement language and cognitive systems that enable goal-directed behavior during perceptual conflicts.
Senescent cells perturb intestinal stem cell differentiation through Ptk7 induced noncanonical Wnt and YAP signaling
Authors: Yun Jina , Hansen Simon , Morris Otto , Madden David T. , Libeu Clare Peters , Kumar Arjun J. , Wehrfritz Cameron , Nile Aaron H. , Zhang Yingnan , Zhou Lijuan , Liang Yuxin , Modrusan Zora , Chen Michelle B. , Overall Christopher C. , Garfield David , Campisi Judith , Schilling Birgit , Hannoush Rami N. , Jasper Heinrich 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are implicated in aging and age-related disease, and SASP-related inflammation is thought to contribute to tissue dysfunction in aging and diseased animals. However, whether and how SASP factors influence the regenerative capacity of tissues remains unclear. Here, using intestinal organoids as a model of tissue regeneration, we show that SASP factors released by senescent fibroblasts deregulate stem cell activity and differentiation and ultimately impair crypt formation. We identify the secreted N-terminal domain of Ptk7 as a key component of the SASP that activates non-canonical Wnt / Ca2+signaling through FZD7 in intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] elicited by Ptk7 promote nuclear translocation of YAP and induce expression of YAP/TEAD target genes, impairing symmetry breaking and stem cell differentiation. Our study discovers secreted Ptk7 as a factor released by senescent cells and provides insight into the mechanism by which cellular senescence contributes to tissue dysfunction in aging and disease.
Controllable branching of robust response patterns in nonlinear mechanical resonators
Authors: Eriksson Axel M. , Shoshani Oriel , López Daniel , Shaw Steven W. , Czaplewski David A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn lieu of continuous time active feedback control in complex systems, nonlinear dynamics offers a means to generate desired long-term responses using short-time control signals. This type of control has been proposed for use in resonators that exhibit a plethora of complex dynamic behaviors resulting from energy exchange between modes. However, the dynamic response and, ultimately, the ability to control the response of these systems remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a micromechanical resonator can generate diverse, robust dynamical responses that occur on a timescale five orders of magnitude larger than the external harmonic driving and these responses can be selected by inserting small pulses at specific branching points. We develop a theoretical model and experimentally show the ability to control these response patterns. Hence, these mechanical resonators may represent a simple physical platform for the development of springboard concepts for nonlinear, flexible, yet robust dynamics found in other areas of physics, chemistry, and biology.
Tunable unconventional kagome superconductivity in charge ordered RbV3Sb5 and KV3Sb5
Authors: Guguchia Z. , Mielke C. , Das D. , Gupta R. , Yin J.-X. , Liu H. , Yin Q. , Christensen M. H. , Tu Z. , Gong C. , Shumiya N. , Hossain Md Shafayat , Gamsakhurdashvili Ts. , Elender M. , Dai Pengcheng , Amato A. , Shi Y. , Lei H. C. , Fernandes R. M. , Hasan M. Z. , Luetkens H. , Khasanov R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnconventional superconductors often feature competing orders, small superfluid density, and nodal electronic pairing. While unusual superconductivity has been proposed in the kagome metals AV3Sb5, key spectroscopic evidence has remained elusive. Here we utilize pressure-tuned and ultra-low temperature muon spin spectroscopy to uncover the unconventional nature of superconductivity in RbV3Sb5 and KV3Sb5. At ambient pressure, we observed time-reversal symmetry breaking charge order below $${T}_{{{{{{{{\rm{1}}}}}}}}}^{*}\simeq$$

T

1

*

≃
110 K in RbV3Sb5 with an additional transition at $${T}_{{{{{{{{\rm{2}}}}}}}}}^{*}\simeq$$

T

2

*

≃
50 K. Remarkably, the superconducting state displays a nodal energy gap and a reduced superfluid density, which can be attributed to the competition with the charge order. Upon applying pressure, the charge-order transitions are suppressed, the superfluid density increases, and the superconducting state progressively evolves from nodal to nodeless. Once optimal superconductivity is achieved, we find a superconducting pairing state that is not only fully gapped, but also spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry. Our results point to unprecedented tunable nodal kagome superconductivity competing with time-reversal symmetry-breaking charge order and offer unique insights into the nature of the pairing state.