bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foraging and mating behaviors of Hypsignathus monstrosus at the bat‐human interface in a central African rainforest
Authors: Schloesing Elodie , Caron Alexandre , Chambon Rémi , Courbin Nicolas , Labadie Morgane , Nina Roch , Mouiti Mbadinga Frida , Ngoubili Wilfrid , Sandiala Danficy , N’Kaya Tobi  , Bourgarel Mathieu , De Nys Hélène M. , Cappelle Julien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudying wildlife space use in human‐modified environments contributes to characterize wildlife‐human interactions to assess potential risks of zoonotic‐pathogens transmission, and to pinpoint conservation issues. In central African rainforests with human dwelling and activities, we conducted a telemetry study on a group of males of Hypsignathus monstrosus, a lek‐mating fruit bat identified as a potential maintenance host for Ebola virus. During a lekking season in 2020, we investigated the foraging‐habitat selection and the individual nighttime space use during both mating and foraging activities close to villages and their surrounding agricultural landscape. At night, marked individuals strongly selected agricultural lands and more generally areas near watercourses to forage, where they spent more time compared to forest ones. Furthermore, the probability and duration of the presence of bats in the lek during nighttime decreased with the distance to their roost site but remained relatively high within a 10 km radius. Individuals adjusted foraging behaviors according to mating activity by reducing both the overall time spent in foraging areas and the number of forest areas used to forage when they spent more time in the lek. Finally, the probability of a bat revisiting a foraging area in the following 48 hours increased with the previous time spent in that foraging area. These behaviors occurring close to or in human‐modified habitats can trigger direct and indirect bat‐human contacts, which could thus facilitate pathogen transmission such as Ebola virus.
Thermal refugia and persistence of Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) in small towns
Authors: Tucker Mary R. , Biffi Daniella , Williams Dean A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVegetation loss is a primary cause of habitat degradation and results in a decline in reptile species abundance due to loss of refuge from predators and hot temperatures, and foraging opportunities. Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) have disappeared from many areas in Texas, especially from urbanized areas, probably in large part due to loss of suitable habitat. This species still occurs in some small towns in Texas that still contain suitable habitat. Long‐term data from Kenedy and Karnes City, Texas indicate that when study sites experienced significant shrub and vegetation removal horned lizards declined by 79%. We hypothesize the decline was due to the degradation of the thermal landscape for these lizards. We determined the preferred temperature range (Tset25 – Tset75) of lizards at our study sites and took field measurements of body temperature (Tb). Temperature loggers were also placed in three microhabitats across our study sites. Shrubs and vegetation provided the highest quality thermal environment, especially for about 5 h midday when temperatures in the open and buried under the surface in the open exceeded the lizards' critical maximum temperature (CTmax) or were above their preferred temperature range. Horned lizard density was positively related to the thermal quality of the habitat across our sites. Texas horned lizards in these towns require a heterogeneous mix of closely spaced microhabitats and especially thermal refugia, such as shrubs and vegetation along fence lines and in open fields. Maintaining thermal refugia is one of the most important and practical conservation actions that can be taken to help small ectotherms persist in modified human landscapes and cope with increasing temperatures due to climate change.
Real‐world use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: Data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Stolfo Davide , Lund Lars H. , Benson Lina , Lindberg Felix , Ferrannini Giulia , Dahlström Ulf , Sinagra Gianfranco , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Savarese Gianluigi 
Published: July 2023

AimsSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce mortality/morbidity in heart failure (HF). We explored the implementation of SGLT2i over time, and patient characteristics associated with their use, in a large, nationwide population with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsPatients with HFrEF (ejection fraction <40%), no type 1 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <20 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or on dialysis, registered in the Swedish HF Registry between 1 November 2020 and 5 August 2022 were included. Independent predictors of use were investigated by multivariable logistic regressions. Of 8192 patients, 37% received SGLT2i. Use increased overall from 20.5% to 59.0% over time, from 46.2% and 12.5% to 69.8% and 55.4% in patients with and without type 2 diabetes, from 14.7% and 22.3% to 58.0% and 59.8% in eGFR <60 versus ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, from 21.0% and 18.9% to 61.6% and 52.0% in males versus females, from 24.2% and 18.0% to 60.8% and 57.7% in patients with versus without recent HF hospitalization, from 26.1% and 19.8% to 54.7% and 59.6% in inpatients versus outpatients, and from 20.2% and 21.2% to 59.2% and 58.7% in those with HF duration <6 versus ≥6 months, respectively. Important characteristics associated with SGLT2i use were male sex, recent HF hospitalization, specialized HF follow‐up, lower ejection fraction, type 2 diabetes, higher education level, use of other HF/cardiovascular interventions. Older age, higher blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and anaemia were associated with less use. Discontinuation rate at 6 and 12 months was 13.1% and 20.0%, respectively.ConclusionsUse of SGLT2i increased three‐fold over 2 years. Although this indicates a more rapid translation of trial results and guidelines into clinical practice compared to previous HF drugs, further efforts are advocated to complete the implementation process while avoiding inequities across different patient subgroups and discontinuations.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed, 2‐Aminopyridine‐N‐Oxide‐Directed C(sp2)−H Bond Functionalization with Maleimides: Facile Access to Isoindolone Spirosuccinimides
Authors: Patel Raj N. , Patel Dharmik M. , Rathod Nileshkumar B. , Thakur Dinesh G. , Patel Sachinkumar D. , Tothadi Srinu , Ghosh Subhash Chandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed, N,O‐bidentate directing group‐assisted C−H bond functionalization of benzamides with maleimides was developed for the facile access to isoindolone spirosuccinimides in good to excellent yields. This C−H bond activation and spirocyclization employing pyridine N‐oxide as directing group provided very good substrate scope and tolerated various functional groups. Furthermore, the mechanistic investigation revealed that the C−H bond activation is the rate‐determining step of this reaction.
Chromosome damage in regions with different levels of air pollution
Authors: Musilova Petra , Kadlcikova Dita , Hradska Hana , Vozdova Miluse , Selingerova Iveta , Cernohorska Halina , Salat Dusan , Rubes Jiri 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAir pollution is an important environmental factor influencing human health. In this study, we compared chromosome damage in city policemen from three cities in the Czech Republic: industrial Ostrava characterized by high levels of benzo[a]pyrene, Prague with heavy traffic emitting nitrogen oxides, and relatively clean Ceske Budejovice located in an area with predominantly agricultural activity. Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization with painting probes for chromosomes 1, 2, 3, and 4 in spring and autumn. An increase in the frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations, that is, dicentric chromosomes and acentric fragments, was observed in spring samples from Ostrava (p = .014 and p = .044, respectively) and Prague (p = .002 and p = .006, respectively) in comparison with Ceske Budejovice. The difference was significant only for samples taken after the winter period, when the concentration of pollutants in the air increases due to poor dispersion conditions. An increased frequency of dicentric chromosomes was observed in spring compared to autumn in both Ostrava and Prague (p = .017 and p = .023, respectively), but not in Ceske Budejovice. More breakpoints were observed on chromosome 1 than on the other chromosomes examined (p < .001). The number of breakpoints in the heterochromatin region 1p11‐q12 was lower than in other parts of chromosome 1 (p < .001), suggesting a protective function of heterochromatin against damage. Our study showed, that air pollution increased the frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations, especially dicentric chromosomes. However, we did not show an effect on stable chromosome rearrangements.
Peek-A-Boo Test: A Simple Test for Assessing the Effect of Anxiolytics on Fish Behavior
Authors: Takai Yuki , Izumi Mutsumi , Motoyama Yuriko , Shimasaki Yohei , Oshima Yuji , Kang Ik Joon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The potential of pharmaceuticals and personal care products to alter the behavior of aquatic organisms is a growing concern. To assess the actual effect of these substances on aquatic organisms, a simple but effective behavioral test is required. We devised a simple behavioral (Peek-A-Boo) test to assess the effect of anxiolytics on the behavior of a model fish (medaka, Oryzias latipes). In the Peek-A-Boo test, we investigated the response of medaka to an image of a predator fish (donko fish, Odontobutis obscura). The test revealed that the time taken for test medaka exposed to diazepam (0.8, 4, 20, or 100 µg/L) to approach the image was shorter by a factor of 0.22 to 0.65, and the time spent in the area close to the image was longer by a factor of 1.8 to 2.7 than in the solvent control group for all diazepam exposure groups (p &lt; 0.05). Hence, we confirmed that the test could detect changes in medaka behavior caused by diazepam with high sensitivity. The Peek-A-Boo test we devised is a simple behavioral test with high sensitivity for fish behavioral alteration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2358–2363. © 2023 SETAC.
Comparative Toxicity of Seven Aqueous Film-Forming Foam to In Vitro Systems and Mus
Authors: East Andrew G. , Narizzano Allison M. , Holden Lindsay A. , Bazar Matthew A. , Bohannon Meredith E. , Pervitsky Dmitry , Adams Valerie H. , Reinke Emily N. , Quinn Michael J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The comparative toxicity of six per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)–free and one PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) was evaluated in an outbred mouse species as well as several in vitro assays. The in vivo toxicological profile of PFAS-free AFFFs in short-term, high-concentration exposures is different than that of a PFAS-containing AFFF. The PFAS-containing reference product induced increased liver weights, while the PFAS-free AFFFs were linked to either decreased or unaffected relative liver weights. The in vitro toxicological profile across PFAS-free AFFFs was uniform except in the Microtox® assay, where thresholds were variable and spanned several orders of magnitude. This direct comparison of products through short-term toxicity tests and in vitro screenings represents early data to support evaluation of potential regrettable substitutions when selecting alternative PFAS-free AFFFs. Further work in diverse taxa (e.g., aquatic organisms, terrestrial invertebrates, birds) and mammalian studies capturing sensitive life stages will refine and expand this data set across a range of risk-relevant toxicological endpoints. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2364–2374. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Abstract
CD-1 mice were exposed to six per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)–free aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) products and one PFAS-containing AFFF product. Relative liver weight in male mice presented a graded response across products and indicates that PFAS-free AFFF products have a different mechanism of toxicity from PFAS-containing AFFF products and that PFAS-free AFFF products show limited effects overall.
Advancements in precision nutrition: Steady‐state targeted delivery of food functional factors for nutrition intervention of chronic diseases
Authors: Yu Xiaoting , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Su Wentao , Tan Mingqian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNutritional intervention plays a significant role in controlling the progression of chronic diseases and improving therapeutic outcomes. Food functional factors are bioactive compounds found in foods that can regulate body's physiological functions and support health by regulating enzyme activity and metabolic pathways. However, many food functional factors face significant challenges in terms of their bioavailability, stability, and solubility. Furthermore, individual differences in genetics, metabolism, lifestyle, and environmental factors can significantly influence nutrient requirements and intake. Therefore, personalized nutritional intervention and precise delivery based on individual characteristics are necessary to achieve precision nutrition. Steady‐state targeted delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach to improving the precise nutritional interventions for chronic diseases. In this review, we explore the latest progress in the steady‐state targeted delivery of food functional components for precision nutrition. We discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with these systems as well as their potential applications in managing chronic diseases and improving health outcomes. The review highlights the significant role that steady‐state targeted delivery systems can play in advancing precision nutrition and thus promoting better health for individuals.
Gene fusions during the early evolution of mesothelioma correlate with impaired DNA repair and Hippo pathways
Authors: Jama Maymun , Zhang Min , Poile Charlotte , Nakas Apostolos , Sharkey Annabel , Dzialo Joanna , Dawson Alan , Kutywayo Kudazyi , Fennell Dean A. , Hollox Edward J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare cancer a long latency period (up to 40 years) between asbestos exposure and disease presentation. The mechanisms coupling asbestos to recurrent somatic alterations are poorly defined. Gene fusions arising through genomic instability may create novel drivers during early MPM evolution. We explored the gene fusions that occurred early in the evolutionary history of the tumor. We conducted multiregional whole exome sequencing (WES) of 106 samples from 20 patients undergoing pleurectomy decortication and identified 24 clonal nonrecurrent gene fusions, three of which were novel (FMO9P‐OR2W5, GBA3, and SP9). The number of early gene fusion events detected varied from zero to eight per tumor, and presence of gene fusions was associated with clonal losses involving the Hippo pathway genes and homologous recombination DNA repair genes. Fusions involved known tumor suppressors BAP1, MTAP, and LRP1B, and a clonal oncogenic fusion involving CACNA1D‐ERC2, PARD3B‐NT5DC2, and STAB2‐NT5DC2 fusions were also identified as clonal fusions. Gene fusions events occur early during MPM evolution. Individual fusions are rare as no recurrent truncal fusions event were found. This suggests the importance of early disruption of these pathways in generating genomic rearrangements resulting in potentially oncogenic gene fusions.
Research evaluating the effectiveness of dementia interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic mapping of 340 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Salcher‐Konrad Maximilian , Shi Cheng , Patel Disha , McDaid David , Astudillo‐García Claudia Iveth , Bobrow Kirsten , Choy Jacky , Comas‐Herrera Adelina , Fry Andra , Knapp Martin , Leung Dara Kiu Yi , Lopez‐Ortega Mariana , Lorenz‐Dant Klara , Musyimi Christine , Ndetei David , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Oliveira Deborah , Putra Aditya , Vara Alisha , Wong Gloria , Naci Huseyin ,   STRiDE Evidence Review Group
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesMore people with dementia live in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) than in high‐income countries, but best‐practice care recommendations are often based on studies from high‐income countries. We aimed to map the available evidence on dementia interventions in LMICs.MethodsWe systematically mapped available evidence on interventions that aimed to improve the lives of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or their carers in LMICs (registered on PROSPERO: CRD42018106206). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2008 and 2018. We searched 11 electronic academic and grey literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane CENTRAL, Social Care Online, BASE, MODEM Toolkit) and examined the number and characteristics of RCTs according to intervention type. We used the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool to assess the risk of bias.ResultsWe included 340 RCTs with 29,882 (median, 68) participants, published 2008–2018. Over two‐thirds of the studies were conducted in China (n = 237, 69.7%). Ten LMICs accounted for 95.9% of included RCTs. The largest category of interventions was Traditional Chinese Medicine (n = 149, 43.8%), followed by Western medicine pharmaceuticals (n = 109, 32.1%), supplements (n = 43, 12.6%), and structured therapeutic psychosocial interventions (n = 37, 10.9%). Overall risk of bias was judged to be high for 201 RCTs (59.1%), moderate for 136 (40.0%), and low for 3 (0.9%).ConclusionsEvidence‐generation on interventions for people with dementia or MCI and/or their carers in LMICs is concentrated in just a few countries, with no RCTs reported in the vast majority of LMICs. The body of evidence is skewed towards selected interventions and overall subject to high risk of bias. There is a need for a more coordinated approach to robust evidence‐generation for LMICs.
Financial incentives and delivery care: Evidence from the Safe Delivery Incentive Program in Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Manda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of the Safe Delivery Incentive Program in Nepal, a cash transfer program that reduced the costs of childbirth in healthcare facilities. Women giving birth for the first, second, or third time (below‐cutoff) became eligible in 2005, and women giving birth for the fourth time or more (above‐cutoff) became eligible two years later. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, I find that below‐cutoff women in high Human Development Index (HDI) districts increased facility delivery by 8.8 percentage points. Despite larger cost reductions, below‐cutoff women in low HDI districts did not increase facility delivery but increased home delivery with skilled personnel by 4.8 percentage points. The program had no impact on above‐cutoff women, who become eligible 2 years into the program. I suggest that pre‐existing barriers such as poor infrastructure of roads and facilities, customs, liquidity constraints, and lack of program awareness limited the program's effectiveness.
Medical occupation preference under the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of risk and altruistic preferences
Authors: Cartwright Edward , Guo Yiting , Wei Lijia , Xue Lian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe examine the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on medical occupation preference, focusing on Wuhan, China. We conducted a survey of 5686 respondents in China regarding the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on medical occupation preference. We also conducted a complimentary survey in the UK with 1198 respondents, as well as a field experiment in Wuhan with 428 first and second‐year medical students. We find a significant negative impact of the pandemic on the willingness to let a loved one choose a medical occupation. Individuals who were heavily influenced by the pandemic, that is, Wuhan residents, especially medical workers, express significantly lower medical occupation preference. Further analysis from Sobel‐Goodman mediation tests reveals that around half of the total negative effect can be mediated by enhanced risk aversion and reduced altruism. The UK survey and the field experiment with medical students in Wuhan reinforce these findings. Our results suggest a shift in medical workers' risk‐ and altruistic‐preferences has led to a reduced medical occupation preference. Non‐medical workers and students who are more altruistic and risk‐seeking are more likely to choose a medical occupation.
Price spillovers and specialization in health care: The case of children's hospitals
Authors: McCarthy Ian M. , Raval Mehul V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpecialty hospitals tend to negotiate higher commercial insurance payments, even for relatively routine procedures with comparable clinical quality across hospital types. How specialty hospitals can maintain such a price premium remains an open question. In this paper, we examine a potential (horizontal) differentiation effect in which patients perceive specialty hospitals as sufficiently distinct from other hospitals, so that specialty hospitals effectively compete in a separate market from general acute care hospitals. We estimate this effect in the context of routine pediatric procedures offered by both specialty children's hospitals as well as general acute care hospitals, and we find strong empirical evidence of a differentiation effect in which specialty children's hospitals appear largely immune to competitive forces from non‐children's hospitals.
Pandemic preparedness with 20/20 vision: Applying an intersectional equity lens to health workforce planning
Authors: Kapilashrami Anuj , Aziz Roomi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman resource for health (HRH) is considered critical for achieving Universal Health Coverage, and the crisis surrounding HRH is now established as a global emergency. Their vital role has been central in the pandemic response. Yet, the discussions and deliberations on the recent pandemic treaty circumscribe HRH discussions to their capacities and protection, and address discrimination mainly in relation to gender. While this paper endorses the case for prioritisation of HRH in global pandemic preparedness planning, it re‐frames the HRH crisis in relation to the institutional and structural factors driving HRH shortage, maldistribution and skills‐needs misalignment. We critique the supply‐and‐demand framing of HRH crisis as one that obliviates the systematic inequalities within health systems that underpin health workforce motivations, distribution, satisfaction and performance. We propose an intersectional equity lens to redefine the HRH challenges, understand their underlying drivers and accordingly integrate in the global pandemic preparedness plans.