bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging expertise and optimizing clinical research: Initial success of a pediatric epilepsy surgery collaborative
Authors: Berl Madison M. , Koop Jennifer I. , Ailion Alyssa , Bearden Donald J. , Boyer Katrina , Cooper Crystal M. , Decrow Amanda M. , Duong Priscilla H. , Espe‐Pfeifer Patricia , Gabriel Marsha , Hodges Elise , Marshall David F. , McNally Kelly A. , Molnar Andrew E. , Olsen Emily K. , Ono Kim E. , Patrick Kristina E. , Paul Brianna M. , Romain Jonathan , Sepeta Leigh N. , Stilp Rebecca L. H. , Wilkening Greta N. , Zaccariello Michael , Zelko Frank , Perry M. Scott ,   the PERC Surgery Workgroup
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveImprove data‐driven research to inform clinical decision‐making with pediatric epilepsy surgery patients by expanding the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium Epilepsy Surgery (PERC‐Surgery) Workgroup to include neuropsychological data. This article reports on the process and initial success of this effort and characterizes the cognitive functioning of the largest multi‐site pediatric epilepsy surgery cohort in the United States.MethodsPediatric neuropsychologists from 18 institutions completed surveys regarding neuropsychological practice and the impact of involvement in the collaborative. Neuropsychological data were entered through an online database. Descriptive analyses examined the survey responses and cognitive functioning of the cohort. Statistical analyses examined which patients were evaluated and if composite scores differed by domain, demographics, measures used, or epilepsy characteristics.ResultsPositive impact of participation was evident by attendance, survey responses, and the neuropsychological data entry of 534 presurgical epilepsy patients. This cohort, ages 6 months to 21 years, were majority White and non‐Hispanic, and more likely to have private insurance. Mean intelligence quotient (IQ) scores were below to low average, with weaknesses in working memory and processing speed. Full‐scale IQ (FSIQ) was lowest for patients with younger age at seizure onset, daily seizures, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities.SignificanceWe established a collaborative network and fundamental infrastructure to address questions outlined by the Epilepsy Research Benchmarks. There is a wide range in the age and IQ of patients considered for pediatric epilepsy surgery, yet it appears that social determinants of health impact access to care. Consistent with other national cohorts, this US cohort has a downward shift in IQ associated with seizure severity.
Video‐based real‐time assessment and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder using deep neural networks
Authors: Prakash Varun Ganjigunte , Kohli Manu , Prathosh Aragulla Prasad , Juneja Monica , Gupta Manushree , Sairam Smitha , Sitaraman Sadasivan , Bangalore Anjali Sanjeev , Kommu John Vijay Sagar , Saini Lokesh , Utage Prashant Ramesh , Goyal Nishant 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman action recognition (HAR) in untrimmed videos can make insightful predictions of human behaviour. Previous work on HAR‐included models trained on spatial and temporal annotations and could classify limited actions from trimmed videos. These methods reported limitations such as (1) performance degradation due to the lack of precision temporal regions proposal and (2) poor adaptability of the models in the clinical domain because of unrelated actions of interest. We propose an innovative method that could analyse untrimmed behavioural videos to recommend actions of interest leading to diagnostic and functional assessments for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our method entails end‐to‐end behaviour action recognition (BAR) pipeline, including child detection, temporal action localization, and actions of interest identification and classification. The model trained on the data of 400 ASD children and 125 with other developmental delays (ODD) accurately identified ASD, ODD, and Neurotypical children with 79.7%, 77.2%, and 80.8% accuracy, respectively. The model's performance on an independent benchmark Self‐Stimulatory Behaviour Dataset (SSBD) reported top‐1 accuracy of 78.57% for combined localization with action recognition, significantly higher than the earlier reported outcomes.
Fatigue life prediction of high‐speed train bearings based on the generalized linear cumulative damage theory
Authors: Li He‐Fei , Wei Jia‐Liang , Li Shao‐Hua , Liu Yong‐Qiang , Gu Xiao‐Hui , Liu Ze‐Chao , Yang Shao‐Pu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fatigue life prediction of the bearings is a crucial and challenging issue, especially under random cyclic loadings. Although numerous methods have been proposed, the remaining useful life of bearings is still unclear. In this study, the tensile and fatigue properties of high‐speed train bearings after various operating mileages were investigated. The experimental results reveal that the microhardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fatigue strength of the bearing steel present a downward trend with increasing the operating mileage. Based on Miner's law, we proposed the generalized linear cumulative damage theory, which illustrates that fatigue damage of components per unit mileage can be linearly superimposed. Accordingly, the residual strength model was established to evaluate the fatigue life of high‐speed train bearings. It would provide a new insight for the fatigue life prediction of bearings under random loadings.
Historical and contemporary processes drive global phylogenetic structure across geographical scales: Insights from bat communities
Authors: Braga Pedro Henrique Pereira , Kembel Steven , Peres‐Neto Pedro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimPatterns of evolutionary relatedness among co‐occurring species are driven by scale‐dependent contemporary and historical processes. Yet, we still lack a detailed understanding of how these drivers impact the phylogenetic structure of biological communities. Here, we focused on bats (one of the most species‐rich and vagile groups of mammals) and tested the predictions of three general biogeographical hypotheses that are particularly relevant to understanding how palaeoclimatic stability, local diversification rates and geographical scales shaped their present‐day phylogenetic community structure.LocationWorld‐wide, across restrictive geographical extents: global, east–west hemispheres, biogeographical realms, tectonic plates, biomes and ecoregions.Time periodLast Glacial Maximum (~22,000 years ago) to the present.Major taxa studiedBats (Chiroptera).MethodsWe estimated bat phylogenetic community structure across restrictive geographical extents and modelled it as a function of palaeoclimatic stability andin situnet diversification rates.ResultsLimiting geographical extents from larger to smaller scales greatly changed the phylogenetic structure of bat communities. The magnitude of these effects is less noticeable in the western hemisphere, where frequent among‐realm biota interchange could have been maintained through the adaptive traits of bats. Bat communities with high phylogenetic relatedness are generally more common in regions that have changed less in climate since the Last Glacial Maximum, supporting the expectation that stable climates allow for increased phylogenetic clustering. Finally, increasedin situnet diversification rates are associated with greater phylogenetic clustering in bat communities.Main conclusionsWe show that the world‐wide phylogenetic structure of bat assemblages varies as a function of geographical extents, dispersal barriers, palaeoclimatic stability andin situdiversification. The integrative framework used in our study, which can be applied to other taxonomic groups, has not only proved useful to explain the evolutionary dynamics of community assembly, but could also help to tackle questions related to scale dependence in community ecology and biogeography.
Development of Synthetic Clinopyroxene Reference Materials for In Situ Lithium Isotope Measurement by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Yang Ao , Lin Jie , Liu Yongsheng , Liu Zhenyi , Lin Ran , Deng Kexin , Hu Zhaochu 
Published: March 2023

The isotopic composition of lithium (Li) in clinopyroxene (Cpx), determined via in situ micro‐analysis, has been employed as a potential geochemical tool for studying various geological processes such as crust‐mantle recycling, silicate weathering and fluid‐rock interaction. To obtain precise and accurate Li isotopic compositions in Cpx by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS, synthetic Cpx matrix‐matched reference materials (RMs) were prepared in this study. Six Cpx‐matrix RMs were prepared by mixing metallic oxides with GSP‐2 (granodiorite) or pure L‐SVEC solution and melting them into glasses (GSP‐2 + oxide; L‐SVEC + oxide). Two representative synthetic glasses, CPXA01 and CPXB01, were subjected to a series of analyses to investigate the possible qualification of the RMs for in situ Li isotope measurement by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS, including elemental homogeneity analysis (elemental mapping analysis and spot analysis), Li isotopic homogeneity analysis and accurate Li isotopic determination. The applicability of the synthetic Cpx‐matrix RMs was highlighted by comparing the δ7Li values of three natural Cpx calibrated against the synthetic Cpx‐matrix RMs and other commonly used RMs with different matrices (NIST SRM 612, BCR‐2G, GOR128‐G, StHs6/80‐G, KL2‐G and T1‐G), respectively. Additionally, CPXB01‐05 RMs with the same matrix but different Li contents were prepared to explore the Li content mismatch effect, which is significant for accurate determination of in situ Li isotopic composition by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The results of the cross‐calibration of Li isotopes in CPXA01 and CPXB01 suggested no obvious Li isotopic fractionation between the two types of glasses (GSP‐2 + oxide; L‐SVEC + oxide). Thus, the two methods of producing Cpx‐matrix RMs are suitable for preparing the matrix‐matched RMs for in situ microanalysis for Li isotopes.
Mid‐to long‐term postoperative outcomes of ankle joint fusion in patients with haemophilia: A systematic review
Authors: Anazor Fitzgerald Chukwuemeka , Uthraraj Nachappa , Southgate Crispin , Dhinsa Baljinder 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction and AimThe ankle joint is the most common site for haemophilic arthropathy. The aim of this study was to review the outcomes of ankle joint fusion in patients with haemophilia A or B. The primary outcome measures were union rates, time to union, perioperative blood loss/transfusion, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOS). Secondary outcome measures were hind foot functional outcome scores and the visual analogue pain scale (VAS).Materials and MethodsA search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Journals@Ovid and the Cochrane register was performed conforming to the PRISMA guidelines. Only human studies with a minimum follow‐up of 1‐year were included. The MINORS and ROBINS‐1 tools were used for quality appraisal.ResultsA total of 952 articles were identified and only 17 studies met the eligibility criteria after the screening. The mean age of the patients was 37.6 (SD 10.2). A total of 271 ankle fusions were performed with the open crossed‐screw fixation being the most common technique. Union rates were 71.5%–100% at 2–6 months. The pooled postoperative complication and revision rates were 13.7% and 6.5%, respectively. The range of LOS was 1.8–10.6 days. The mean preoperative American orthopedic foot and ankle society (AOFAS) ankle‐hindfoot score was 35 (SD 13.1) whereas the mean postoperative AOFAS score was 79.4 (SD 5.3). The mean preoperative VAS was 6.3 (SD 1.6) while the mean postoperative VAS score was .9 (SD .4) across 38 ankle fusions.ConclusionAnkle arthrodesis offers improved pain and function in haemophilic ankle arthropathy with lower revision and complication rates than that reported in the literature for total ankle replacement.
Expectation and loss when gene therapy for haemophilia is not an option: An exigency sub‐study
Authors: Fletcher Simon , Jenner Kathryn , Holland Michael , Khair Kate 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundQualitative studies have explored why people with haemophilia (PwH) might consider or forgo gene therapy, the impact it has had on those who have received it, and what support might be needed throughout the process. No studies have yet examined what withdrawal prior to transfection might mean for PwH and their families.AimsTo understand the experiences of PwH and their families of withdrawal from gene therapy and to understand what support mechanisms might be required.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with people with severe haemophilia who consented to take part in a gene therapy study in the UK but either withdrew or were withdrawn before transfection.ResultsNine PwH and a family member were invited to this sub‐study. Eight participants were recruited: six PwH (five haemophilia A and one haemophilia B) and two family members. Four participants were excluded from a study after consenting but before transfection, having failed to meet all the inclusion criteria; two withdrew after consenting but before transfection due to concerns including duration of factor expression and the time commitment involved in follow‐up. The mean age of participants was 40.5 years (range 25–63 years). Two major themes emerged during the interviews: Expectation and loss.ConclusionsPwH have many expectations about the difference gene therapy can make to their lives. Studies show that these expectations may not be fully realised. For those who have either withdrawn or been withdrawn from gene therapy, any expectations they had may now be unachievable. The nature of these expectations and the loss expressed by the participants indicate that support needs to be provided to help them and their families manage it.
Evaluating virological outcomes in people with HIV on stable antiretroviral therapy with reduced frequency of HIV viral load monitoring during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Alagaratnam J. , Sabin C. A. , Garvey L. J. , Ramzan F. , Winston A. , Fidler S. , Mackie N. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, HIV outpatient attendances were restricted from March 2020, resulting in reduced frequency of HIV viral load (VL) monitoring (previously 6‐monthly) in clinically stable and virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH). We investigated virological outcomes during this period of reduced monitoring and compared with the previous year, prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsPeople living with HIV with undetectable VL (<200 HIV RNA copies /mL) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were identified from March 2018 to February 2019. We determined VL outcomes during the pre‐COVD‐19 period (March 2019–February 2020) and the COVID‐19 period (March 2020–February 2021) when monitoring was restricted. Frequency and longest durations between VL tests in each period were evaluated, and virological sequelae in those with detectable VL were determined.ResultsOf 2677 PLWH virologically suppressed on ART (March 2018–February 2019), VLs were measured and undetectable in 2571 (96.0%) and 2003 (77.9%) in the pre‐COVID and COVID periods, respectively. Mean (SD) numbers of VL tests were 2.3 (1.08) and 1.1 (0.83) and mean longest duration between VL tests was 29.5 weeks (SD 8.25, 3.1% were ≥12 months) and 43.7 weeks (12.64, 28.4% were ≥12 months), in the pre‐COVID and COVID periods, respectively. Of 45 individuals with one or more detectable VL during the COVID‐19 period, two developed new drug resistance mutations.ConclusionReduced VL monitoring was not associated with poorer virological outcomes in the majority of stable individuals receiving ART. One in 20 individuals had not returned for VL testing after ≥31 months and the risk of harm in these individuals is unknown.
Self‐revocation of nurse licences in Finland – nursing response to deteriorating workplace and patient safety: Implications for future nursing action
Authors: Cubelo Floro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo communicate trends in nurse licence revocation in Finland and examine policies and legislation that have implications for future nursing responses to workplace hazards.BackgroundThe causes of the shortage of nurses working in Finland are multifactorial and complex. Nurses are joining trade unions and taking industrial action in response to the devaluation of their profession and the underpayment of nurses during the pandemic. The Health Care Professions Act in Finland allows nurses to apply voluntarily to withdraw or revoke their licence using online digital tools – and many are doing so as a last resort.DiscussionA declining nursing workforce is anticipated, with retiree trends increasing while nurse recruitment decreases over the next few decades. Nurses' remuneration and working conditions have suffered during the pandemic, and industrial actions organised by trade unions that include nurses have advocated for the policy and decision‐making process to improve, but with mixed results. The process of how legislation enables licence revocation in Finland is essential to understanding this new phenomenon.ConclusionAdvocacy for nurses, who are disadvantaged within the current pandemic emergency response policy environment, is needed across every nursing context and every career stage. Without support, nurses confronted with precarious working conditions are more likely to draw attention to their plight by using recent legislation to revoke their nursing licences voluntarily. A revocation may be temporary or permanent. Nurses need advocates and mentors to address attrition issues around the voluntary withdrawal of licences. The situation in Finland offers trade unions and nursing associations an opportunity to validate their existence in society.Implications for Nursing PracticePublic displays of distress about the political undervaluing of the nursing profession discourage applications to study nursing and pursue a nursing career or remain in the nursing profession. International experience tells us that when proficient nurses exit the profession, the level of patient safety and health benefits and national productivity suffer.Implications for Nursing PolicyFinland's Nursing Act is an aspect of policy that needs exploring and the basis for amending policies to enable collective bargaining agreements to protect the rights and future of nurses. Reactive policies for recruiting foreign nurses to bolster a failed domestic nursing workforce policy have their own problems. These policy issues reflect the problems facing nurses worldwide.
Trade dependence and stock market reaction to the Russia‐Ukraine war
Authors: Tajaddini Reza , Gholipour Hassan F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing data from 83 countries, we show that the decline in the value of stock market indices in response to the Russia‐Ukraine war was sharper in countries that have stronger trade ties (both exports and imports) with Russia and Ukraine. We also find the relationship between trade dependency and market drop is weaker in countries with more trade openness.
K‐medoids clustering of hospital admission characteristics to classify severity of influenza virus infection
Authors: Leis Aleda M. , McSpadden Erin , Segaloff Hannah E. , Lauring Adam S. , Cheng Caroline , Petrie Joshua G. , Lamerato Lois E. , Patel Manish , Flannery Brendan , Ferdinands Jill , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie A. , Monto Arnold , Martin Emily T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients are admitted to the hospital for respiratory illness at different stages of their disease course. It is important to appropriately analyse this heterogeneity in surveillance data to accurately measure disease severity among those hospitalized. The purpose of this study was to determine if unique baseline clusters of influenza patients exist and to examine the association between cluster membership and in‐hospital outcomes.MethodsPatients hospitalized with influenza at two hospitals in Southeast Michigan during the 2017/2018 (n = 242) and 2018/2019 (n = 115) influenza seasons were included. Physiologic and laboratory variables were collected for the first 24 h of the hospital stay. K‐medoids clustering was used to determine groups of individuals based on these values. Multivariable linear regression or Firth's logistic regression were used to examine the association between cluster membership and clinical outcomes.ResultsThree clusters were selected for 2017/2018, mainly differentiated by blood glucose level. After adjustment, those in C171 had 5.6 times the odds of mechanical ventilator use than those in C172 (95% CI: 1.49, 21.1) and a significantly longer mean hospital length of stay than those in both C172 (mean 1.5 days longer, 95% CI: 0.2, 2.7) and C173 (mean 1.4 days longer, 95% CI: 0.3, 2.5). Similar results were seen between the two clusters selected for 2018/2019.ConclusionIn this study of hospitalized influenza patients, we show that distinct clusters with higher disease acuity can be identified and could be targeted for evaluations of vaccine and influenza antiviral effectiveness against disease attenuation. The association of higher disease acuity with glucose level merits evaluation.
Racism, colonialism and the implications for nursing scholarship: A discussion paper
Authors: Kimani Rachel Wangari 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimA critical discussion of the intersections between racism and colonialism as social determinants of health and explore how these discriminatory ideologies shape nursing inquiry.DesignDiscussion paper.Data SourcesA review of pertinent discourse on racism and colonialism in nursing from 2000 to 2022.Implications for NursingThe failure to address health inequity plaguing racialized and marginalized populations locally and globally affects all groups, as illustrated in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Racism and colonialism are inextricably linked, creating potent forces that influence nursing scholarship and adversely affect the health of a culturally and racially diverse society. Power differentials exist within and between countries creating structural challenges that lead to inequitable distribution of resources and othering. Nursing cannot be abstracted from the sociopolitical context in which it exists. There have been calls to address the social drivers that influence the health of the communities. More still needs to be done to support an antiracist agenda and decolonize nursing.ConclusionNurses, as the largest healthcare workforce, can be critical in addressing health disparities. However, nurses have failed to eliminate racism within their ranks, and essentialism ideology has been normalized. A multidimensional approach that includes interventions aimed at nursing education, direct patient care, community health, nursing organizations and policy is needed to address problematic nursing discourse rooted in colonialism and racism ideologies. Since knowledge generated from scholarship informs nursing education, practice and policy, it is imperative to implement antiracist policies that eliminate racist assumptions and practices from nursing scholarship.No Patient or Public ContributionThe paper is a discursive paper using pertinent nursing literature.ImpactFor nursing to attain its potential as a leader in healthcare, standards of scientific vigour should be embedded within history, culture and politics. Recommendations are provided on possible strategies to identify, confront and abolish racism and colonialism in nursing scholarship.