bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a water-soluble formulation of tylvalosin on disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus alone in sows or in combination with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in piglets
Authors: Rodriguez Alfonso Lopez , Fowler Veronica L. , Huether Michael , Reddick David , Tait-Burkard Christine , O’Shea Marie , Perkins Stephanie , Dias Nirosh , Buterbaugh Robin , Benchaoui Hafid A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of a water-soluble formulation of tylvalosin (Aivlosin® 625 mg/g granules) on disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) andMycoplasma hyopneumoniae(Mhyop) was investigated in two animal studies.In a PRRSV challenge model in pregnant sows (n = 18), six sows received water medicated at target dose of 5 mg tylvalosin/kg body weight/day from 3 days prior to challenge until the end of gestation. Six sows were left untreated, with a third group remaining untreated and unchallenged. Sows were challenged with PRRSV-2 at approximately 85 days of gestation. Cytokines, viremia, viral shedding, sow reproductive parameters and piglet performance to weaning were evaluated. In a dual infection study (n = 16), piglets were challenged withMhyopon days 0, 1 and 2, and with PRRSV-1 on day 14 and euthanized on day 24. From day 10 to 20, eight piglets received water medicated at target dose of 20 mg tylvalosin/kg body weight/day and eight piglets were left untreated. Cytokines, viremia, bacteriology and lung lesions were evaluated.ResultsIn the PRRSV challenge study in pregnant sows, tylvalosin significantly reduced the levels of serum IL-8 (P < 0.001), IL-12 (P = 0.032), TNFα (P < 0.001) and GM-CSF (P = 0.001). IL-8 (P = 0.100) tended to be lower in uterus of tylvalosin sows. All piglets from tylvalosin sows surviving to weaning were PRRSV negative in faecal swabs at weaning compared to 33.3% PRRSV positive piglets from untreated sows (P = 0.08).In the dual challenge study in piglet, tylvalosin reduced serum IL1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1α, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, GM-CSF, TGFβ1, TNFα, CCL3L1, MIG, PEPCAM-1 (P < 0.001) and increased serum IFNα, IL-1ra and MIP-1b (P < 0.001). In the lungs, tylvalosin reduced IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 compared to untreated pigs (P < 0.001) and tended to reduce TNFα (P = 0.082). Lung lavage samples from all tylvalosin treated piglets were negative forMhyop(0 cfu/mL) compared to the untreated piglets which had meanMhyopcounts of 2.68 × 104 cfu/mL (P = 0.023).ConclusionOverall, tylvalosin reduced both local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines after challenge with respiratory pathogens in sows and in piglets. Tylvalosin was effective in reducingMhyoprecovery from the lungs and may reduce virus shedding in piglets following transplacental PRRSV infection in sows.
Effect of PFOA exposure on diminished ovarian reserve and its metabolism
Authors: Shen Haofei , Gao Min , Li Qiuyuan , Sun Huipeng , Jiang Yingdi , Liu Lihong , Wu Jingyuan , Yu Xiao , Jia Tianyu , Xin Yongan , Han Shiqiang , Wang Yiqing , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOwing to its difficulty in degrading and ease of accumulation in the body, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has a detrimental effect on reproduction. This study aimed to examine the effect of PFOA concentration in follicular fluid during ovulation stimulation on embryo quality and the impact of PFOA exposure on the metabolic components of follicular fluid. This was a single-center prospective study that included 25 patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), 25 with normal ovarian reserve (NOR), and 25 with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Follicular fluid samples were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that the PFOA levels of follicular fluid in the DOR group were higher than those in the NOR group and PCOS group (P < 0.05). PFOA concentration in the PCOS group was negatively correlated with high-quality embryos (P < 0.05). To gain more insight into the impact of PFOA on the metabolic composition of follicular fluid, we classified the DOR group based on the PFOA concentration, for which metabolomic analysis was performed. In the high-concentration PFOA group, there was an increase and a decrease in three and nine metabolites, respectively, compared to that in the low-concentration group. These results suggest that PFOA may alter the metabolic composition of follicular fluid, thus, affecting ovarian reserve function.
Therapeutic effects of TMF and catechol in pulmonary fibrosis: in vitro and in vivo analysis
Authors: Choi Jin-Hyuk , Kim Youngmee , Cho Moonjae 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disorder characterized by abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is secreted by activated myofibroblasts. While the origin of myofibroblasts has been discussed, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is being noticed as one of the mechanisms of myofibroblast activation. Recent studies have shown that reactive oxygen species appear to induce not only EMT but also fibrotic progression and maintenance. Therefore, we tested chemicals that have antioxidant capacity as drugs for fibrosis. To evaluate the effects of 4′,6,7-trimethoxyisoflavone (TMF) and catechol (CAT) on EMT and fibrosis, we used an in vitro transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or bleomycin-induced model and an in vivo BLM-induced model. The results showed that the co-administration of TMF/CAT ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis by decreasing EMT and ECM accumulation by hindering both Smad and non-Smad TGF-β signalling cascades. Furthermore, significant increases in the number of total immune cells (especially lymphocytes) were observed in BLM-treated animals treated with TMF/CAT. Our findings suggest that co-intervention with TMF/CAT may be a potential treatment for fibrosis.
Comparison of dynamic defocus curve on cataract patients implanting extended depth of focus and monofocal intraocular lens
Authors: Wu Tingyi , Wang Yuexin , Yu Jiazhi , Ren Xiaotong , Li Yuanting , Qiu Weiqiang , Li Xuemin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to compare the dynamic defocus curve on patients post-implantation of the extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) and monofocal intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods
A total of 62 age-related cataract patients receiving phacoemulsification with implantation of TECNIS Symfony (ZXR00) or monofocal IOLs were enrolled. The binocular static and dynamic defocus curves with corrected distance visual acuity were evaluated at one month postoperatively.

Results
The ZXR00 group achieved significantly better intermediate (P = 0.044) and near (P = 0.017) visual acuity (VA) than the monofocal group. Two groups had similar uncorrected and corrected distance VA (P > 0.05, respectively). The dynamic defocus curve revealed a smoother decline from 0.0 D to − 2.0 D in the ZXR00 group. Defocused dynamic VA in the ZXR00 group was significantly better (P < 0.05) except at 0.0 D (P = 0.724) and − 0.5 D (P = 0.176). The area under the curve (P = 0.002) and corrected dynamic vision accommodation (P = 0.001) derived from the dynamic defocus curves were better in the ZXR00 group. A positive correlation was observed between defocused dynamic and static VA in both groups (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that defocused static VA and corrected dynamic vision accommodation were significant influential factors for the defocused dynamic VA from − 1.0 D to − 3.0 D (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The EDOF IOL provided similar distance vision, better intermediate and near vision, and a better overall dynamic defocus curve than the monofocal IOL. The dynamic defocus curve may be comprehensively applied to evaluate the all-distance dynamic visual performance post-cataract surgery.
Prescription factors influencing baloxavir prescription during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons: a administrative database study in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Naomi , Fujiwara Takashi , Ise Yuya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with baloxavir prescription in Japanese hospitals using a health insurance claim-based database (MDV analyzer), during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 influenza seasons. The MDV analyzer contains anonymized claims data from approximately 420 Diagnosis Procedure Combination hospitals, and does not contain data from clinics.

Methods
Data were collected for influenza patients treated with anti-influenza drugs during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 influenza seasons. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with baloxavir prescription.

Results
During the study period, 322,063 influenza patients were included for analyses. In multivariate analysis, children, female sex, inpatient, hospital bed capacity, and private hospitals were negatively associated with baloxavir prescription. Compared to elderly patients, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for baloxavir prescription was 0.612 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.587–0.637) in children aged 6–11 years, and 0.119 (95% CI, 0.111–0.128) in children aged 0–5 years. Compared to small hospitals (bed capacity, 20–299), the adjusted OR for baloxavir prescription was 0.559 (95% CI, 0.540–0.578) in large hospitals (bed capacity, ≥ 500).

Conclusion
Children, female sex, inpatient, hospital bed capacity, and private hospitals were negatively associated with baloxavir prescription.
Incorporating random effects in biopharmaceutical control strategies
Authors: Oberleitner Thomas , Zahel Thomas , Kunzelmann Marco , Thoma Judith , Herwig Christoph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
Random effects are often neglected when defining the control strategy for a biopharmaceutical process. In this article, we present a case study that highlights the importance of considering the variance introduced by random effects in the calculation of proven acceptable ranges (PAR), which form the basis of the control strategy.

Methods
Linear mixed models were used to model relations between process parameters and critical quality attributes in a set of unit operations that comprises a typical biopharmaceutical manufacturing process. Fitting such models yields estimates of fixed and random effect sizes as well as random and residual variance components. To form PARs, tolerance intervals specific to mixed models were applied that incorporate the random effect contribution to variance.

Results
We compared standardized fixed and random effect sizes for each unit operation and CQA. The results show that the investigated random effect is not only significant but in some unit operations even larger than the average fixed effect. A comparison between ordinary least squares and mixed models tolerance intervals shows that neglecting the contribution of the random effect can result in PARs that are too optimistic.

Conclusions
Uncontrollable effects such as week-to-week variability play a major role in process variability and can be modelled as a random effect. Following a workflow such as the one suggested in this article, random effects can be incorporated into a statistically sound control strategy, leading to lowered out of specification results and reduced patient risk.
Multiple expressions of “expert” abnormality gist in novices following perceptual learning
Authors: DiGirolamo Gregory J. , DiDominica Megan , Qadri Muhammad A. J. , Kellman Philip J. , Krasne Sally , Massey Christine , Rosen Max P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith a brief half-second presentation, a medical expert can determine at above chance levels whether a medical scan she sees is abnormal based on a first impression arising from an initial global image process, termed “gist.” The nature of gist processing is debated but this debate stems from results in medical experts who have years of perceptual experience. The aim of the present study was to determine if gist processing for medical images occurs in naïve (non-medically trained) participants who received a brief perceptual training and to tease apart the nature of that gist signal. We trained 20 naïve participants on a brief perceptual-adaptive training of histology images. After training, naïve observers were able to obtain abnormality detection and abnormality categorization above chance, from a brief 500 ms masked presentation of a histology image, hence showing “gist.” The global signal demonstrated in perceptually trained naïve participants demonstrated multiple dissociable components, with some of these components relating to how rapidly naïve participants learned a normal template during perceptual learning. We suggest that multiple gist signals are present when experts view medical images derived from the tens of thousands of images that they are exposed to throughout their training and careers. We also suggest that a directed learning of a normal template may produce better abnormality detection and identification in radiologists and pathologists.
Comparison of integrin αvβ3 expression with 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT and glucose metabolism with 18F-FDG PET/CT in esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancers
Authors: Dietz Matthieu , Dunet Vincent , Mantziari Styliani , Pomoni Anastasia , Dias Correia Ricardo , Testart Dardel Nathalie , Boughdad Sarah , Nicod Lalonde Marie , Treglia Giorgio , Schafer Markus , Schaefer Niklaus , Prior John O. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The primary aims of this study were to compare in patients with esophageal or esophagogastric junction cancers the potential of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT with that of 18F-FDG PET/CT regarding tumoral uptake and distribution, as well as histopathologic examination.

Methods
Ten 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD and ten 18F-FDG PET/CT were performed in nine prospectively included participants (1 woman; aged 58 ± 8.4 y, range 40–69 y). Maximum SUV (SUVmax) and metabolic tumor volumes (MTV) were calculated. The Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman correlation analysis (ρ) were used.

Results
68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT detected positive uptake in 10 primary sites (8 for primary tumors and 2 for local relapse suspicion), 6 lymph nodes and 3 skeletal sites. 18F-FDG PET/CT detected positive uptake in the same sites but also in 16 additional lymph nodes and 1 adrenal gland. On a lesion-based analysis, SUVmax of 18F-FDG was significantly higher than those of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD (4.9 [3.7–11.3] vs. 3.2 [2.6–4.2] g/mL, p = 0.014). Only one participant showed a higher SUVmax in an osseous metastasis with 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD as compared to 18F-FDG (6.6 vs. 3.9 g/mL). Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between 18F-FDG and 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET parameters (ρ = 0.56, p = 0.012 for SUVmax, ρ = 0.78, p < 0.001 for lesion-to-background ratios and ρ = 0.58, p = 0.024 for MTV). We observed that 18F-FDG uptake was homogenous inside all the confirmed primary sites (n = 9). In contrast, 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET showed more heterogenous uptake in 6 out of the 9 confirmed primary sites (67%), seen mostly in the periphery of the tumor in 5 out of the 9 confirmed primary sites (56%), and showed slight extensions into perilesional structures in 5 out of the 9 confirmed primary sites (56%).

Conclusions
In conclusion, 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD has lower potential in the detection of esophageal or esophagogastric junction malignancies compared to 18F-FDG. However, the results suggest that PET imaging of integrin αvβ3 expression may provide complementary information and could aid in tumor diversity and delineation.
Trial registration: Trial registration: NCT02666547. Registered January 28, 2016—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02666547.
Coping strategies to overcome psychological distress and fear during COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait
Authors: Elaidy Asmaa M. , Hammoud Majeda S. , N. Albatineh Ahmed , Ridha Fatma Mustafa , Hammoud Sabri M. , Elsadek Hala M. , Rahman Muhammad Aziz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has detrimental effects on both physical and psychological well-being of community people worldwide. The purpose of this research was to determine coping strategies and the factors associated with psychological distress and fear among adults in Kuwait during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Participants with good-excellent mental health perception had significantly lower prevalence of reporting high psychological distress, while those identified as patients as used health services in the past 4 weeks had significantly higher prevalence of reporting high psychological distress. On the other hand, individuals born in the same country of residence, whose financial situation was impacted by COVID-19 had significantly lower prevalence of reporting high levels of fear from COVID-19. Those with an income source, with co-morbidities, tested negative to COVID-19, being frontline or essential worker, reported medium to high psychological distress and had significantly higher prevalence of high levels of fear of COVID-19.

Conclusions
Mental health services should be provided in addition to the existing services in primary healthcare settings, so that the impact of ongoing pandemic on psychological wellbeing of people in Kuwait can be addressed.
Development and validation of stability indicating UPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide in combined dosage forms using quality by design approach
Authors: Devi D. Akila , Bhavani P. Geetha 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
According to the information gathered from the literature, no technique for UPLC of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide employing QbD in the formulations has been published. The technique development by incorporating QbD and validating for accuracy, linearity, precision, LOQ, LOD, ruggedness and selectivity as per ICH is part of the work’s modernity.

Results
Screening investigations led to the selection of cmps. Peak tailing was evaluated as a metric of technique robustness based on these important analytical attributes, namely retention time. With a 0.1 percent OPN: methanol (40:60) mobile phase, a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min, a wave length of 224 nm, an injection volume of 41, and a run time of 6 min, the best chromatographic separation was attained.

Conclusions
The method was verified using ICH criteria, which ensure a high level of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. As a result, the suggested approach is regarded as a quick and accurate method for estimating triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide at the same time.
Open and percutaneous pediatric tracheostomy: comorbidities and in-hospital mortality
Authors: Schemm Jeffrey , Danis David O’Neil , Howard Daniel , Rodriguez Erika , Dong Kaylin , Fazelpour Sherwin , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Tracheostomy procedures are used to establish a surgical airway in patients when non-invasive methods fail to offer adequate support. In pediatric patients, this procedure is relatively rare, and data on patients is scarce, limiting the ability of physicians to contextualize patient outcomes and identify those most at risk. This can be crucial, as research has shown that early tracheostomy in pediatric patients may improve clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to characterize the comorbidities of pediatric patients undergoing open and percutaneous tracheostomies and examine their association with in-hospital mortality, as well as to compare patient demographics and comorbidity frequency between the two approaches. The 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database was used to identify patients younger than 21 with ICD-CM-10 codes for open or percutaneous tracheostomies to determine demographic characteristics and identify the most frequent comorbidities in these patient cohorts.

Results
A weighted total of 5229 cases were analyzed. Congenital cardiopulmonary defects, newborn respiratory diseases, and traumatic lung or brain injury were the most common comorbidities for tracheostomy patients. In open tracheostomies, there was an increased likelihood of in-hospital mortality in patients aged less than one (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.6–3.0) and in patients with atrial septal defects (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5–2.5), patent ductus arteriosus (OR = 2.5, 95% CI, 2.0–3.3), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6–2.8), and acute kidney injury (OR = 5.6, 95% CI, 4.3–7.2). Trauma-related comorbidities were more common in patients who underwent percutaneous procedures and were not associated with an increased likelihood of mortality. Patient age < 1 was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in both the open (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.6–3.0) and percutaneous (OR = 2.3, 95% CI (1.3–3.9) approaches.

Conclusion
There are many indications for pediatric tracheostomy, and patients often present with complicated disease profiles and complicated courses of care. Broadly, we found that congenital cardiopulmonary defects were associated with a higher likelihood of in-hospital patient mortality, especially in younger patients undergoing an open-approach procedure. Patients undergoing a percutaneous-approach procedure were more likely to have trauma-related comorbidities such as pneumothorax or brain hemorrhage that were not associated with in-hospital mortality.
Culture-negative necrotizing otitis externa: diagnosis and management
Authors: Chaabouni Mohamed Amine , Achour Imen , Yousfi Ghada , Thabet Wadii , Trigui Majdi , Kallel Souha , Charfeddine Ilhem 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
We aim to describe the clinical features and therapeutic management of necrotizing otitis externa (NOE) with negative culture.

Patients and methods
We included all patients with NOE, who were treated in the period between 2008 and 2020 in our department.

Results
A total of 25 cases of NOE were included. The result of the culture was negative in 13 cases (52%). All patients received a local treatment prior to hospitalization, and eight patients (61.5%) received oral antibiotic. A sampling of the otorrhea was done for all patients. Fungal serology was performed for six patients; it was positive in two cases. The prescribed first-line was ciprofloxacin in combination with ceftazidime for 10 patients, while it was based on the use of imipenem with ciprofloxacin for 2 patients and one patient only received ciprofloxacin. An improvement was noted in 10 cases (77%). The second-line treatment in the three cases of resistance was imipenem with ciprofloxacin in one case. For the two patients with a positive aspergillus serology, one patient received teicoplanin, fusidic acid, imipenem, and voriconazole and the other patient received voriconazole. The total duration of the treatment was a minimum of 6 weeks. An improvement was noted in all cases, and recurrence was noted in 3 cases.

Conclusion
In our study, there were no clinical or radiological specificities noted in NEO with negative culture. Sampling must be repeated. Fungal origin should be suspected in refractory forms and empiric antifungal treatment may be useful.