bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropogenic Pressures Lead to Different Patterns of Niche Contraction and Protected Area Cover in Three Species Procapra Gazelles on Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and Mongolia
Authors: Zhu Y. , Britnell J. A. , Shi J. , Buuveibaatar B. , Shultz S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimAnthropogenic threats often lead to range contraction towards the margins of a species historic niche, resulting in increased extinction risk. Here, we investigate niche characteristics of current and historic populations to evaluate changes in ‘Area of Niche’ (AON) following range loss from different levels of anthropogenic threats three congeneric Asian gazelle species are facing: Przewalski's (Procapra przewalskii), Tibetan (P. picticaudata) and Mongolian gazelles (P. gutturosa).LocationTibet, Qinghai and Mongolia.MethodsWe collated range maps for historic and contemporary distributions of Przewalski's, Tibetan and Mongolian gazelles and created 3‐dimensional hypervolume and convex hull niche models using environmental variables from the Worldclim dataset (v2) together with topographic information from SRTM elevation data from historic and contemporary Area of Habitat maps and evaluated changes over time. We calculated Area of Niche (AON) maps by projecting a scaled Mahalanobis distance from the historic niche centroid of each grid cell onto each species' historic range. Finally, we evaluated how the protected area network overlaps with historic niche characteristics.ResultsThe endangered Przewalski's gazelle has lost almost all its range and niche, with remaining populations at niche peripheries. In contrast, the near‐threatened Tibetan and least‐concern Mongolian gazelles have lost less range and niche and contracted towards their historic niche centre. Protected areas for each species were biased towards the ecological margins of their historic ranges, which can result in sub‐optimal conservation strategies.Main ConclusionsThis study uses niche modelling to evaluate changes in Area of Niche (AON) occupied by a species that has undergone range contraction. We highlight that species most affected by anthropogenic threats are most vulnerable to niche shift and contraction. These species are also vulnerable to a mismatch between the protected area network and species historic niche space. We advocate that conservation strategies should include niche dynamics as an indicator of the species risk.
IRT Observed‐Score Equating for Rater‐Mediated Assessments Using a Hierarchical Rater Model
Authors: Wu Tong , Kim Stella Y. , Westine Carl , Boyer Michelle 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile significant attention has been given to test equating to ensure score comparability, limited research has explored equating methods for rater‐mediated assessments, where human raters inherently introduce error. If not properly addressed, these errors can undermine score interchangeability and test validity. This study proposes an equating method that accounts for rater errors by utilizing item response theory (IRT) observed‐score equating with a hierarchical rater model (HRM). Its effectiveness is compared to an IRT observed‐score equating method using the generalized partial credit model across 16 rater combinations with varying levels of rater bias and variability. The results indicate that equating performance depends on the interaction between rater bias and variability across forms. Both the proposed and traditional methods demonstrated robustness in terms of bias and RMSE when rater bias and variability were similar between forms, with a few exceptions. However, when rater errors varied significantly across forms, the proposed method consistently produced more stable equating results. Differences in standard error between the methods were minimal under most conditions.
Systematic numerical analysis of the hydraulic parameters responsible for critical flows in anthropogenically modified mountain channels for flood analysis and mitigation
Authors: Hauer C. , Schmalfuss L. , Pulg U. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe damage potential in river systems due to flood flows has increased as a result of the increased infrastructure and population growth along river corridors, frequently accompanied by an incomplete understanding of flood safety and the impact of climate change. In particular, so‐called catastrophic flood events in alpine areas are generally accompanied by massive channel beds and floodplain erosion with a higher damage potential than inundation only. It has been recently shown that critical flow conditions might be an important driver of uncontrolled erosion and channel avulsion in terms of extraordinary flood events. A systematic analysis, however, of the parameters driving critical flow conditions is lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic numerical evaluation of the hydraulic parameters responsible for critical flows in steep mountain channels as a baseline study for future improved flood impact assessment and mitigation measure design. The systematic analysis of standardized river bathymetries revealed that channel slope, roughness and river widening impose decreasing influences on alpine rivers to produce critical flow conditions. However, there is a risk that due to human interventions, altering the natural slope–roughness relationship to increase the discharge capacity for flood safety might promote critical conditions. These findings should be considered in future hydraulic engineering practice.
Pricing Poseidon: Extreme Weather Uncertainty and Firm Return Dynamics
Authors: KRUTTLI MATHIAS S. , TRAN BRIGITTE ROTH , WATUGALA SUMUDU W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe empirically analyze firm‐level uncertainty generated from extreme weather events, guided by a theoretical framework. Stock options of firms with establishments in a hurricane's (forecast) landfall region exhibit large implied volatility increases, reflecting significant uncertainty (before) after impact. Volatility risk premium dynamics reveal that investors underestimate such uncertainty. This underreaction diminishes for hurricanes after Sandy, a salient event that struck the U.S. financial center. Despite constituting idiosyncratic shocks, hurricanes affect hit firms' expected stock returns. Textual analysis of calls between firm management, analysts, and investors reveals that discussions about hurricane impacts remain elevated throughout the long‐lasting high‐uncertainty period after landfall.
Clarifying Misconceptions About School‐Based Health Care
Authors: Mary Kay Irwin , Bode Sara , Skinner Daniel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo health professionals working in American school‐based health centers, the benefits of school‐based health programs are obvious. The philosophical warrant for this work has been reasserted for over 70 years. And yet, the divisiveness of health and health care in the U.S. has led to questions and even concerns about the appropriateness of co‐locating healthcare services in schools.Contributions to PracticeWe address three common misconceptions to provide an accurate depiction of the work school‐based health centers do. The misconceptions we address are: 1. that education and health care should be separate; 2. that parents and guardians alone are responsible for their children's health; and 3. that school‐based health centers cut out parents and guardians from involvement in their children's health.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityMisconceptions about school‐based health centers undermine the important work being done in these centers, including the pursuit of improved child health outcomes. Clarifying these misconceptions is of the utmost importance.ConclusionsIt is important to understand and actively address common misconceptions about school‐based health centers. Doing so can help leverage the opportunities these centers and programs present.
Evaluating Paediatric Injury Hospitalisations From Indoor Trampoline Parks Across Australia: A Multi‐Centre Study
Authors: Tsoi Kei Yan , Sharwood Lisa N. , Eslick Guy D. , Nunez Carlos , Morris Anne , Williams Nicole , Erskine Christine , Adams Susan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe introduction and increasing popularity of indoor trampoline facilities has seen increases in the incidence of trampoline park injuries (TPIs), particularly amongst the paediatric population. A challenge to the development of effective injury prevention interventions is the limited study pool of detailed activity and outcome data to provide better understanding of the characteristics of injurious events.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of individuals under 16 years of age hospitalised after TPI from November 2018 to December 2021 was conducted. Patient demographics and TPI characteristics were collected through prospective case notifications from clinicians across Australia, via the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Additional data were collected using retrospective medical record review at two major paediatric centres in Australia.ResultsIn total, 48 cases of TPIs were reported: median age was 9.5 years with 28 (58.3%) being males. The most common injury mechanism was a fall on the trampoline (n = 34, 72.3%). The most commonly injured body region was upper limb (n = 27, 56.3%), followed by lower limb (n = 11, 22.9%): all limb injuries involved a fracture. Most patients required operative intervention (n = 37, 90.2%).ConclusionsThe results from this study suggest that serious injuries continue to occur at trampoline parks, and thus remain an injury concern that requires attention. This issue needs to be addressed with consistent application of the Australian Standard, along with other injury prevention initiatives.
Predicting Color Development and Texture Changes in Tomatoes Treated With Hot Water and Exposed to High‐Temperature Ethylene Using Support Vector Regression
Authors: Madasamy Raja G. , Selvaraju P. , Pathmanaban P. , Vamsi Sagar P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the impacts of hot water treatment (HWT) at 50°C or 25°C for 5 min and high‐temperature ethylene (HTE) exposure at varying temperatures (20°C, 30°C, or 35°C) and durations (24, 48, or 72 h) on the postharvest quality and antioxidant properties of mature green tomatoes (MG). Color changes, physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant compounds, and overall antioxidant ability were assessed. HWT increased β‐carotene levels and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) while preserving color metrics, despite later HTE exposure. Exposure to HTE delayed ripening, increased titratable acidity, and reduced dry matter content. The effects on antioxidant compounds varied depending on temperature and duration of exposure. A support vector regression (SVR) model predicted color parameters with high performance (R2 > 0.85) for lightness (L*), greenness‐redness (a*), blueness‐yellowness (b*), chroma, and hue values. The findings highlight the potential of HWT in postharvest quality management and underscore the complex interplay between HWT and HTE on tomato quality parameters.
External Validation of Two 10‐Year Stroke Risk Prediction Models Using Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Data
Authors: Lee Eun Joo , Kim Seol Bin , Jeong Ihn Sook 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to externally validate two 10‐year stroke risk prediction models: one developed in Korea (Model 1) and the other in China (Model 2), using community‐based cohort data. Data from 8432 participants in Model 1 and 8915 participants in Model 2 were analyzed. Stroke risk was calculated based on each model's equations, and model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Age, blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus were significant common risk factors for stroke in both men and women. The AUCs of Model 1 were 0.72 for men and 0.68 for women, while those of Model 2 were 0.70 for men and 0.66 for women. When simplified to include 3–5 significant factors, the AUCs of Model 1 remained almost unchanged for both sexes, while those of Model 2 were 0.68 for men and 0.63 for women. In conclusion, the performance of both models was insufficient for the participants in this study. Therefore, it is suggested that stroke prediction models be developed using the most significant risk factors of each target population.
More self‐efficacy is associated with longitudinally higher health‐related quality of life in mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 ICU survivors: The prospective MaastrICCht cohort
Authors: Tiels Laura M. , Wintjens Marieke S. J. N. , Waardenburg Sophie , van Rosmalen Frank , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Luiten Regien , van Bussel Bas C. T. , van Mook Walther N. K. A. , Hemmen Bea , van Santen Susanne 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMore self‐efficacy leads to greater confidence in one's ability to perform actions to achieve treatment goals. Therefore, self‐efficacy may affect patient recovery and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) after ICU discharge.AimIn a cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 survivors, we examined the associations between self‐efficacy at 3 months and HRQoL at 3, 12 and 24 months after discharge.Study DesignMechanically ventilated survivors of the MaastrICCht cohort that completed a self‐efficacy assessment with the General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSES) were included. HRQoL was measured using the EuroQol 5 Dimensions 5 Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L), subdivided into a health utility score (EQ‐HUS) and visual analogue scale (EQ‐VAS). Linear regression models were used to investigate associations between self‐efficacy and HRQoL and were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, ICU length of stay and hospital discharge location.ResultsIn 87 ICU survivors, more self‐efficacy at 3 months after ICU discharge was associated with longitudinally higher EQ‐HUS (β = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.01–0.02; p < 0.001) and higher EQ‐VAS (β = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.66–1.35; p < 0.001) up to 2 years after ICU discharge. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, APACHE II score, ICU length of stay, and hospital discharge location, associations were similar.ConclusionsMore self‐efficacy at 3 months after ICU discharge was associated with longitudinally higher HRQoL up to 2 years after ICU discharge in mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 survivors.Relevance to Clinical PracticeScreening for self‐efficacy in patients post‐ICU as well as developing interventions to improve self‐efficacy are a target post‐ICU to enhance HRQoL over the long term.
Early Initiation of Bundle Sheath Cells During Leaf Development as Visualised by SCARECROW Expression in Dicotyledonous C4 Plants
Authors: Munekage Yuri N. , Osawa Mei , Taniguchi Yukimi Y. , Okudono Ken , Sage Tammy L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe C4 type of dicotyledonous plants exhibit a higher density of reticulate veins than the C3 type, with a nearly 1:1 ratio of mesophyll cells (MCs) to bundle sheath cells (BSCs). To understand how this C4‐type cell pattern is formed, we identified two SCARECROW (SCR) genes in C4 Flaveria bidentis, FbSCR1 and FbSCR2, that fully or partially complement the endodermal cell layer‐defective phenotype of Arabidopsis scr mutant. We then created FbSCRs promoter β‐glucuronidase reporter (GUS) lines of F. bidentis, which showed GUS expression in BSCs and their progenitor cells. The GUS expression pattern in F. bidentis transformants and comparison with the closely related C3‐type Flaveria pringlei revealed that higher‐order veins were initiated in the early leaf developmental stage. Treatment with an auxin polarity transport inhibitor decreased the MC area and led to vein formation without free ends, resulting in the formation of BSCs in positions adjacent to other BSCs. However, BSC differentiation was not affected, as evidenced by BSC specific FbSCR1 expression and RuBisCO accumulation. These results indicate that polar auxin transport is important for MC proliferation and/or differentiation, which leads to the formation of a C4‐type cell pattern in which MCs and BSCs are equally adjacent.
ABO incompatibility and component irradiation are independently associated with platelet transfusion reaction rate
Authors: Hogan Keenan O. , Mudunkotuwa Geethanjalee , Phadnis Milind , Zheng X. Long , Ye Zhan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAllocating incompatible platelet components to avoid product wastage must be balanced against the risk of reduced efficacy and adverse outcomes. The impact of platelet compatibility in association with product irradiation or pathogen reduction is unknown. This study aims to determine the combined and independent impact of platelet compatibility and component modification on transfusion reaction rate.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective review of all adult platelet transfusions from 2020 to 2022 was performed, including all reported reactions. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the significance of ABO compatibility and unit modification for reaction rate.ResultsOut of 21,330 transfusions to 3450 patients, 285 (1.33%) reactions were reported and 178 (0.83%) were diagnosed as related to transfusion, predominantly febrile nonhemolytic (n = 59) and allergic (n = 102). The compatibility of transfusion was 67.7% ABO identical, 13.8% ABO minor incompatible, 17.2% ABO major incompatible, and 1.4% ABO bidirectionally incompatible. Irradiated, unmodified, and pathogen‐reduced single‐donor platelets were transfused in 70.9%, 21.8%, and 7.3% of cases, respectively. Univariable regression demonstrated increased odds of reaction for major incompatibility vs. ABO identical (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.36–2.71) and irradiated vs. unmodified (OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.45–3.91), which were confirmed by multivariable analysis. The effect of compatibility and unit modification were independent in all analyses.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate a trend of increasing reaction rate associated with major incompatibility and product irradiation. This study provides additional data to inform institutional policies guiding product selection for individual patients.
Faculty rewards from course-based undergraduate research experiences (CURE) in biochemistry
Authors: Soto Ana Maria , Weldon John E. , Hancock Stephen P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) courses. These courses provide research opportunities for many more students than are typically exposed to traditional independent research experiences, including women, historically underrepresented groups in science, and non-traditional students. However, the benefits for faculty who teach CURE courses have been less well documented, potentially discouraging faculty from offering such courses. Reports describing the benefits faculty can accrue from developing and teaching CURE courses could incentivize more faculty to develop CURE courses. In this perspective article, we summarize the implementation of three biochemistry CURE courses, highlighting some of the benefits faculty may experience. We also propose some points to consider when designing CURE courses with realistic expectations for a semester-long research experience to provide a framework for instructors who are considering their own CURE development.
A course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) embedded within a summer undergraduate research experience demonstrates value-added benefits
Authors: Sweat Ken G. , Hackney Jennifer F. , Marshall Pamela A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

We hosted a nine-week NIH-funded summer undergraduate research experience in Environmental Health Sciences, the New College Environmental Health Science Scholars program, in which undergraduate students who were rising sophomores, juniors, and seniors receive both professional development and mentored research opportunities. In addition to this standard model of a summer research program, we added an additional professional development and skill-building activity, a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) performed by the whole group. Students designed and carried out an experiment in the CURE research project looking at the relationship between soil elemental content and sampling site location. They worked collaboratively over several days on experimental design, the experiment itself, data analysis, and finally, poster design for dissemination. The CURE is intentionally different from any mentored research experiences so that students obtain additional and varied research skills from the summer program. Qualitative and quantitative feedback was positive. Additionally, students worked with different students than those in their research lab, broadening their network. In conclusion, a CURE embedded in a summer research program is an effective pedagogical tool for science and additional skill building and enriches an existing summer research program.
Neuroendocrine tumour of the urinary bladder
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Shergill Kainaat , Patil Monish , Radcliffe Robert 
Published: January 2025

We report a rare case of urinary bladder neuroendocrine tumour (NET) in a young, non-smoking man. He had no known risk factors and no comorbidities. After being diagnosed with a bladder tumour while being investigated for flank pain and poor renal function, he was treated with transurethral resection of the bladder tumour and deroofing of ureters bilaterally. Characteristic histological features were identified for NETs. After a thorough staging workup by CT of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis, MRI of the liver and DOTATATE positron emission tomography-CT, no other lesion or metastasis was identified.Primary NETs in the genitourinary tract are rare, comprising approximately 1–2% of genitourinary malignancies. Timely staging and histological diagnosis are the keystones of initial management. Awareness of potential diagnostic pitfalls is essential to ensure the accurate and timely diagnosis of vesical NETs, given their significant impact on management strategies and patient prognosis.
Reducing fragmentation of primary healthcare financing for more equitable, people-centred primary healthcare
Authors: Gatome-Munyua Agnes , Sparkes Susan , Mtei Gemini , Sabignoso Martin , Soewondo Prastuti , Yameogo Pierre , Hanson Kara , Cashin Cheryl 
Published: January 2025

Despite primary healthcare (PHC) being recognised in global declarations—Alma Ata in 1978 and Astana in 2018—and prioritised in national health strategies, chronic under-resourcing of PHC persists in most low-income and middle-income countries. More public spending is needed for PHC, but macrofiscal and political constraints often limit the ability of governments to allocate more public resources to PHC. Under-resourcing has been compounded by fragmented and rigid funding flows, which are inefficient and may erode equity, quality of care and public trust in PHC.This article explores the drivers of fragmentation in PHC financing—low public spending, which results in over-reliance on external sources to fund critical health interventions, and the proliferation of new financing schemes that do not take a system-wide view or adhere to the principles of universality. It then highlights some of the possible consequences of this fragmentation for the efficiency, equity and effectiveness of service delivery.Four countries—Argentina, Burkina Faso, Indonesia and Tanzania—are used to illustrate practical steps that may be taken to minimise the consequences of fragmentation in PHC financing: (1) consolidating multiple coverage schemes, (2) avoiding further fragmentation, (3) harmonising health purchasing functions and (4) streamlining funding flows to the provider level.The country examples reveal lessons for policy-makers grappling with the consequences of fragmented PHC financing. The paper concludes with a research agenda to generate additional evidence on what works to address fragmentation.