bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Sociodemographic Variables and Unhealthy Behaviors With Limitations in Activities of Daily Living Among Thai Older Adults: Cross-sectional Study and Projected Trends Over the Next 20 Years
Authors: Nontarak Jiraluck , Bundhamcharoen Kanitta , Prasitsiriphon Orawan , Aekplakorn Wichai 
Published: May 2023

Background
Extended life spans have led to an increase in the number of older people and an increase in the prevalence of disability among people older than 60 years of age.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the association of sociodemographic variables and unhealthy behaviors with limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) among Thai older adults. The study also projects the number of older individuals likely to experience ADL limitations in the next 20 years.

Methods
We performed sex-specific multinomial logistic regression analysis based on the 5th Thai National Health Examination Survey in 2014 to investigate the association between sociodemographic variables and health behaviors with ADL limitations among Thai older adults. Age- and sex-specific prevalence estimates of ADL limitations were obtained by applying the same models. These estimates were combined with population projections up to 2040 from the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Thailand, to generate projections of older individuals with ADL limitations.

Results
Age and physical activity were significant factors for both sexes, with age positively associated with the level of ADL limitations and low physical activity associated with an increased relative probability of mild or moderate to severe ADL limitations compared to individuals with no ADL limitation (1.2-2.2 times). Other variables such as education, marital status, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, and having a fruit- and vegetable-based diet showed significant associations, but the results varied regarding sex and levels of ADL limitations. This study also projected the number of older adults with mild and moderate to severe ADL limitations over the next 20 years from 2020 to 2040, revealing an increase of 3.2 and 3.1 times, respectively, along with a significant increase in men compared to that in women.

Conclusions
This study identified age and physical activity as significant factors associated with ADL limitations in older adults, while other factors showed varying associations. Over the next 2 decades, projections suggest a significant increase in the number of older adults with ADL limitations, particularly men. Our findings emphasize the importance of interventions to reduce ADL limitations, and health care providers should consider various factors impacting them.
Investigating COVID-19’s Impact on Mental Health: Trend and Thematic Analysis of Reddit Users’ Discourse
Authors: Zhu Jianfeng , Yalamanchi Neha , Jin Ruoming , Kenne Deric R , Phan NhatHai 
Published: May 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in heightened levels of depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues due to sudden changes in daily life, such as economic stress, social isolation, and educational irregularity. Accurately assessing emotional and behavioral changes in response to the pandemic can be challenging, but it is essential to understand the evolving emotions, themes, and discussions surrounding the impact of COVID-19 on mental health.

Objective
This study aims to understand the evolving emotions and themes associated with the impact of COVID-19 on mental health support groups (eg, r/Depression and r/Anxiety) on Reddit (Reddit Inc) during the initial phase and after the peak of the pandemic using natural language processing techniques and statistical methods.

Methods
This study used data from the r/Depression and r/Anxiety Reddit communities, which consisted of posts contributed by 351,409 distinct users over a period spanning from 2019 to 2022. Topic modeling and Word2Vec embedding models were used to identify key terms associated with the targeted themes within the data set. A range of trend and thematic analysis techniques, including time-to-event analysis, heat map analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, and k-means clustering analysis, were used to analyze the data.

Results
The time-to-event analysis revealed that the first 28 days following a major event could be considered a critical window for mental health concerns to become more prominent. The theme trend analysis revealed key themes such as economic stress, social stress, suicide, and substance use, with varying trends and impacts in each community. The factor analysis highlighted pandemic-related stress, economic concerns, and social factors as primary themes during the analyzed period. Regression analysis showed that economic stress consistently demonstrated the strongest association with the suicide theme, whereas the substance theme had a notable association in both data sets. Finally, the k-means clustering analysis showed that in r/Depression, the number of posts related to the “depression, anxiety, and medication” cluster decreased after 2020, whereas the “social relationships and friendship” cluster showed a steady decrease. In r/Anxiety, the “general anxiety and feelings of unease” cluster peaked in April 2020 and remained high, whereas the “physical symptoms of anxiety” cluster showed a slight increase.

Conclusions
This study sheds light on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and the related themes discussed in 2 web-based communities during the pandemic. The results offer valuable insights for developing targeted interventions and policies to support individuals and communities in similar crises.
El Ídolo de Almoloya del Río, México: Notas y comentarios en torno a una escultura que surgió del agua / The Idol of Almoloya del Río, Mexico: Notes and comments about a sculpture that emerged from the water
Authors: Guerrero Villagómez Fernando 
Published: May 2023

El presente ensayo expone una serie de reflexiones en torno a una escultura monolítica de origen prehispánico ubicada en la comunidad de Almoloya del Río en el Estado de México. De ella destacan diferentes atributos: desde sus características iconográficas y plásticas hasta su procedencia, presumiblemente cercana a un asentamiento prehispánico ligado a un entorno lacustre. Estos atributos contribuyen a identificar su probable significado y función, a pesar de no contar con información precisa del contexto de donde fue extraída. Con todo y ello, la muestra constituye un referente único de la expresión escultórica local que promete desvelar aspectos cosmogónicos de los grupos humanos que habitaron la región en el periodo previo al contacto español.Abstract: The present essay tries to expose a series of reflections around a monolithic sculpture of pre-Hispanic origin located in the community of Almoloya del Río in the State of Mexico. Different attributes stand out from it, ranging from its iconographic and plastic characteristics, as well as its origin, which is presumed to be close to a pre-Hispanic settlement linked to a lake environment, aspects that contribute to the identification of its probable meaning and function, despite of not having the precise information of the context from where it was extracted. All in all, the exhibition constitutes a unique reference point for the local sculptural expression that promises to reveal cosmogonic aspects of the human groups that inhabited the region for the pre-hispanic period.Keywords: archaeology; sculpture; Almoloya; matlatzincas; olmecs.Résumé : Cet essai vise à présenter une série de réflexions sur une sculpture monolithique d’origine préhispanique située dans la communauté d’Almoloya del Río dans l’État de Mexico. Différents attributs en ressortent, allant de ses caractéristiques iconographiques et plastiques, ainsi que son origine, présumée proche d’un peuplement préhispanique lié à un environnement lacustre, aspects qui contribuent à l’identification de sa signification probable et fonction, bien qu’elle ne dispose pas d’informations précises sur le contexte d’où elle a été extraite. Avec tout cela, l’échantillon constitue une référence unique de l’expression sculpturale locale qui promet de révéler les aspects cosmogoniques des groupes humains qui ont habité la région pendant la période précédant le contact espagnol.Mots-clés : archéologie ; sculpture ; Almoloya ; matlatzincas ; olmèques.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE AND BERBERINE-LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES
Authors: SINDHURI GOPU VIJAYA , MARIAPPAN GURUSAMY , SUBRAMANIAN SELVAMUTHUKUMAR 
Published: May 2023

Objective: The current work aimed to prepare and characterize epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)+berberine-loaded chitosan nanoparticle (EBNP).
Methods: The ionic gelation method was adopted. A batch of 17 nanoformulations was prepared by using chitosan as a natural biodegradable polymer and EGCG+berberine as active drug content and characterised.
Results: The SEM data proved that the chitosan-based nanoparticles were formed successfully with a spherical shape at 272 nm along with PDI 0.346. The FT-IR spectra confirmed that no drug-polymer interaction was observed. The DSC data proved that the formation of nanoparticles due to the presence of endothermic sharp melting points at 246 °C and 332 °C for EGCG and berberine in the pure form of the drug, whereas the same is absent in nanoformulation. The optimized formulation showed a percentage entrapment efﬁciency (% EE) for EGCG is 83.91 % and berberine at 90.62%, ZP of the nanoparticle is 11 mV.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that box–behnken designs can optimize the formulation and the process variables to achieve favorable responses. Hence, it can be concluded that the best-optimized nanoparticle formation was confirmed and characterized.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL FILM FOR NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Authors: PRAKASH AADITAYA , SONI PRAKASH K. , PASWAN SURESH K. , SAINI T. R. 
Published: May 2023

Objective: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a widely used method for reducing the desire to smoke and managing withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation efforts. The research work aims to prepare and optimize a mucoadhesive nicotine buccal film by solvent casting method to provide the rapid onset and prolonged effects of cigarette smoking. Methods: Mucoadhesive nicotine buccal films were developed from the polymers Carbopol 934, Eudragit RLPO, and HPMC E15 by solvent casting method. The optimization of the mucoadhesive nicotine buccal film was performed using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design where Carbopol 934, Eudragit RLPO, and HPMC E15 were selected as independent variables, while the swelling index, adhesion time, mucoadhesive strength, and cumulative % drug release were selected as response variables. Results: The optimized mucoadhesive nicotine buccal film showed uniform thickness and drug content. It had a swelling index of 188.21%, adhesion time of 7 h 45 min, and mucoadhesive strength of 0.23 N. The film showed a burst release followed by a steady release of 76.55 % over 360 min. It exhibited a 2-fold enhancement in buccal mucosal permeation as compared to a lozenge. Conclusion: The mucoadhesive nicotine buccal film prepared by the solvent casting method provides a rapid onset of action and prolonged effect for an extended period which replicates the effects of cigarette smoking. The findings show that it will reduce the frequency of administration, as a result of decreased nicotine cravings and reduced withdrawal symptoms, compared to currently available NRTs, ultimately helping individuals quit smoking.
Myths, Dreams and the Business of Spiritual Heritage in Uganda
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Authors: Harding Pauline 
Published: May 2023

Aspects of Uganda’s cultural heritage damaged by 20th-century religious and political conflicts have enjoyed a resurgence over recent decades. This paper explores how the ‘authorised’ heritage values previously outlined by Laurajane Smith (2006) here fall behind popular material heritage narratives centred on myths, spirits and dreams. The research draws on ethnographic data from heritage sites in southern Uganda, to suggest that the past is being continually reshaped in response to the socio-political, ideological and economic struggles and ambitions of the Ugandan people. This living, developing heritage is facilitated by a central government preoccupied by agendas of development and national unity that is keen to forget the country’s ethnically divided past. The paper contributes to an underdeveloped heritage literature about spiritual understandings of materiality in non-Western settings, challenging the Western secular-rationalism that persistently dominates international heritage discourse.
Integration of Tradition and Sharia: Dowry and Dui Menre in the Marriage of the Bugis Community in Bone Regency
Authors: Avita Nur , Idris Ahmad Rusyaid , Oktalita Frina 
Published: May 2023

A Mahr (Dowry) andÂ dui menreÂ become interesting phenomenon that occurs in the marriage practice of the Bugis community in Bone Regency. The higher the social status of the prospective wife's family, the higher theÂ dui menre. When an agreement has been reached on the amount ofÂ dui menre, then the husband will give a dowry in the marriage contract. Both of these things must be fulfilled as the requirement for marriage. When the husband does not fulfill theÂ dui menreÂ as previously agreed on the agreement, the marriage process might not occur. The study aimed to integrate tradition and sharia in the marriage of the Bugis community in Bone Regency. The research was empirical legal research with a socio-legal approach. The study indicated that the dowry andÂ dui menreÂ in Bugis traditional marriages are an inseparable. Here, the integration isÂ dui menreÂ as a pre-marital condition that must be fulfilled in the context of giving as a form of respect and assistance to the prospective wifeâ€™s family. There is no prohibition in Islam as long as there is an agreement between the two parties, and no violate the sharia principles. Meanwhile, the dowry is also obligatory and carried out in the marriages of the people of the Bone regency. Therefore, the dowry andÂ dui menreÂ in the marriage of the Bone community are following the tradition and sharia.
Pequeños negocios en el este asiástico. Consensos y políticas de apoyo para su desarrollo
Authors: Ruiz Durán Clemente 
Published: May 2023

En un mundo lleno de conflictos y de confusiones, el este asiáticos surge como respuesta a muchos de los retos del desarrollo económico, especialmente en lo referente al logro de un crecimiento equitativo e integrado. Un elemento central de estas estrategias ha sido su forma de organización industrial que ha permitido una fuerte participación de los pequeños negocios, los cuales representan hoy una pieza clave de su dinámica económica. En el caso de Japón, de los 6.8 millones de establecimientos, 83% eran microempresas;1 en Corea los micro y pequeños ocupan 98.7%;2 en Taiwan 96.8%;3 en Malasia los establecimientos industriales que emplean hasta 100 personas representan 94% del total,4 y en Tailandia 64% de los establecimientos industriales ocupan menos de 10 personas, y 32.8% ocupan entre 10 y 99 personas.5
Filipinas
Authors: Benítez Rush Asunción 
Published: May 2023

Una encuesta efectuada a escala nacional por la organización independiente Estación de Clima Social, consede en la zona metropolitana de Manila, manifestó, en mayo de 1994, que la mayoria de los filipinos de las zonas rurales no había oído hablar acerca del programa "Filipinas 2000". El proyecto gubernamental integral fue lanzado en febrero de 1993 por el presidente Fidel Ramos para convertir a Filipinas en un "país de industrialización reciente" (PIR) en el próximo milenio. Los datos de la encuesta revelaron que, ya bien entrado el segundo año del régimen de Ramos, 74% de los entrevistados en Mindanao desconocían por completo los planes del presidente para la industrialización del país; lo mismo ocurria con 63% de la población rural de Visayas y con 55% de la correspondiente a la región de Luzón, pese a la amplia difusión dada al programa en los medios de comunicación de la zona metropolitana de Manila. Este hecho ha impulsado al franco arzobispo de Manila a acusar al gobierno de "gobernar por medio de comunicados de prensa".1
Vietnam
Authors: Vázquez de Lara Saavedra Alfonso 
Published: May 2023

Tal vez el suceso más importante ocurrido en Vietnam durante 1996 fue la celebración del Octavo Congreso del Partido Comunista. Su importancia radica en dos hechos primordiales. Uno, se formularon las políticas a seguir por el país durante el quinquenio que va desde 1996 hasta el año 2000. Dos, las líneas trazadas durante ese congreso marcarán la pauta a seguir para el próximo siglo. La planeación llevada a cabo durante este congreso será esencial para tomar un buen camino en el futuro.
No obstante, para lograr un desarrollo integral se tienen que tomar en cuenta diferentes factores en su planeación, tales como la situación interna del país en materias política, social, y económica, sin olvidar los factores externos, a los cuales responde con su política internacional. Esos factores internos y externos influyen los unos en los otros. Asimismo, no puede soslayarse la influencia de los aspectos históricos.
Singapur
Authors: Ramírez Bonilla Juan José 
Published: May 2023

En diciembre de 1997, el FMI publicó su informe sobre la crisis asiática. En éste se señalan cuatro causas principales de la crisis:
1) el éxito económico de los países de la región;
2) el entorno internacional que favoreció la canalización de recursos financieros hacia los países de la región;
3) las inconsistencias de las políticas macroeconómicas y cambiarias de los gobiernos de la región, y
4) algunas debilidades estructurales, sobre todo en el sector financiero. 1
A Led Matrix Manager Sniffer
Authors: Sălcianu Monica , Hariton Anamaria , Zet Cristian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper is focused on presenting the simulated solution for synchronizing the CAN communication, which is signal based, with the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for each LED connected to a LED matrix manager device. Using the presented solution, the user is able to read and verify each LEDand represents a very easy and fast testing approach for automotive lighting with LMM (LED Matrix Manager) devices. The information provided by the sniffer improves the error root cause detection time, offers an overview on the requirements compliance, and assures an efficient monitorisation of the LMM behaviour. The LMM sniffer is developed due to the missing of a dedicated standard solution for this purpose.
Accuracy of scanning interrogation of FBG sensors
Authors: Urban František , Helán Radek , Urban František 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Progress in the fibre optic technology spurred the development of optical fibre-based sensors. A successful fibre optics-based element for sensorial systems is fibre Bragg grating. It allows to read the measured value by the spectral shift of light, which is the variable with a good potential for accurate measurement. Various types of the interrogation of the light spectrum reflected from the measuring grating are discussed in this article and the work concentrates on the spectrum scanning that gives the good chances to diminish measuring errors by a proper choice of parameters. The focal point is the accuracy of establishing the correct value of the maximum reflectance wavelength. The significance of the noise in the photoelectric scanning signal for the measuring accuracy is analysed and the crucial factor is found in the minimizing the reflectance spectral width of the measuring grating and using the spectrum of the scanning light with the same or smaller spectral width. An important aspect is the relation of the maximal reflectance and the wavelength width of the measuring grating reflectance spectrum. The article also shows the potentiality of the apodized gratings for improving the scanning interrogation. A specific index apodization profile was analysed and its advantages are discussed.
Performance analysis of various rotor topologies of surface PM synchronous motor
Authors: Sarac Vasilija 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors can be found in several designs regarding configuration of magnets on the rotor. Finding the most optimal design in terms of the high efficiency and power factor, small cogging torque and material consumption along with good overloading capability could be a challenging task. This paper analyzes three different rotor designs of surface permanent magnet motors regarding their magnet shapes. All three motors have the same outer dimensions, output power, torque and the material properties. The comparison of all three models is performed and advantages and drawbacks of each model are pointed out. Four design variables are selected to be varied within prescribed limits for each motor model in order the best combination of number of conductors per slot, magnet thickness, the magnet length and shape to be fond, which result with the highest efficiency, small cogging torque and good overloading capability of the motor. The impact of each varied parameter on motor efficiency and cogging torque is presented. All three optimized model are compared and the most optimal model in terms of the above-mentioned characteristics is analyzed by finite element method (FEM) and with the Simulink. The model in Simulink allows motor transient characteristics to be obtained. The performed analysis is useful for determining the most optimal and cost-effective solution among presented three types of surface mounted permanent magnet motors in terms of the high efficiency and power factor, small cogging torque and material consumption.
Analysis of SMT component land pad discontinuity effect on the overall transmission line impedance in high-speed applications
Authors: Barzdenas Vaidotas , Vasjanov Aleksandr 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High-speed and high-frequency PCB interconnect solutions with the slightest discontinuities in the physical geometry along the microstrip transmission line can significantly degrade the integrity of the signal being transferred. This paper presents an analysis of SMT component pads and their impact on the successive transmission line impedance. During 0805, 1206 and 2512 package size SMT component pad discontinuity evaluations it was spotted, that the increasing deviation from target impedance affects the microstrip impedance segment following the discontinuity. A 25 Ω impedance offset at the SMT pad reduces the line impedance afterwards by up to 7 Ω. A 37 Ω impedance offset results in a microstrip impedance reduction by up to 15 Ω, whereas a 45 Ω impedance change leads to a reduction of successive segment impedance by up to 30 Ω. This effect is also present in multiple evenly-spaced discontinuities. But a single reference plane cut-out, which is twice as wide as the SMT component discontinuity, substantially improves the overall impedance of the transmission line, including the successive line segment impedance drop.
Study on UV optical field distribution of partial discharge in GIS disconnector based on ray tracing method
Authors: Du Fei , Jiang Jinpeng , Yuan Shuai , Bi Jiangang , Xu Yuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In order to clarify the distribution law of the radiation optical field of the gas insulated switchgear disconnector defect and determine the detection range of partial discharge optical sensor, the optical model of the gas insulated switchgear disconnector based on the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction theory is established based on ray tracing method, and the distribution of the radiation light field is calculated when partial discharge occurs at the key positions such as the basin insulator, shield, and support insulator barrel. Based on the maximum irradiance, average irradiance and attenuation characteristics on the shell interface, the distribution law is further analysed, and based on this, the optimal location of the ultraviolet detector is proposed.