bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of an accurate smartphone application for measuring waist-to-hip circumference ratio
Authors: Choudhary Siddharth , Iyer Ganesh , Smith Brandon M. , Li Jinjin , Sippel Mark , Criminisi Antonio , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWaist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) is now recognized as among the strongest shape biometrics linked with health outcomes, although use of this phenotypic marker remains limited due to the inaccuracies in and inconvenient nature of flexible tape measurements when made in clinical and home settings. Here we report that accurate and reliable WHR estimation in adults is possible with a smartphone application based on novel computer vision algorithms. The developed application runs a convolutional neural network model referred to as MeasureNet that predicts a person’s body circumferences and WHR using front, side, and back color images. MeasureNet bridges the gap between measurements conducted by trained professionals in clinical environments, which can be inconvenient, and self-measurements performed by users at home, which can be unreliable. MeasureNet’s accuracy and reliability is evaluated using 1200 participants, measured by a trained staff member. The developed smartphone application, which is a part of Amazon Halo, is a major advance in digital anthropometry, filling a long-existing gap in convenient, accurate WHR measurement capabilities.
DNA damage and repair dependencies of ionising radiation modalities
Authors: Melia Emma , Parsons Jason L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Radiotherapy is utilised in the treatment of ∼50% of all human cancers, which predominantly employs photon radiation. However, particle radiotherapy elicits significant benefits over conventional photons due to more precise dose deposition and increased linear energy transfer (LET) that generates an enhanced therapeutic response. Specifically, proton beam therapy (PBT) and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) are characterised by a Bragg peak, which generates a low entrance radiation dose, with the majority of the energy deposition being defined within a small region which can be specifically targeted to the tumour, followed by a low exit dose. PBT is deemed relatively low-LET whereas CIRT is more densely ionising and therefore high LET. Despite the radiotherapy type, tumour cell killing relies heavily on the introduction of DNA damage that overwhelms the repair capacity of the tumour cells. It is known that DNA damage complexity increases with LET that leads to enhanced biological effectiveness, although the specific DNA repair pathways that are activated following the different radiation sources is unclear. This knowledge is required to determine whether specific proteins and enzymes within these pathways can be targeted to further increase the efficacy of the radiation. In this review, we provide an overview of the different radiation modalities and the DNA repair pathways that are responsive to these. We also provide up-to-date knowledge of studies examining the impact of LET and DNA damage complexity on DNA repair pathway choice, followed by evidence on how enzymes within these pathways could potentially be therapeutically exploited to further increase tumour radiosensitivity, and therefore radiotherapy efficacy.
Internal Cognitive Load Differentially Influences Acoustic and Lexical Context Effects in Speech Perception: Evidence From a Population With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Derawi Hadeer , Reinisch Eva , Gabay Yafit 
Published: September 2023

Background:
To overcome variability in spoken language, listeners utilize various types of context information for disambiguating speech sounds. Context effects have been shown to be affected by cognitive load. However, previous results are mixed regarding the influence of cognitive load on the use of context information in speech perception.

Purpose:
We tested a population characterized by an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to better understand the relationship between attention (or internal cognitive load) and context effects.

Method:
The use of acoustic versus lexical properties of the surrounding signal to disambiguate speech sounds was examined in listeners with ADHD and neurotypical listeners.

Results:
Compared to neurotypicals, individuals with ADHD relied more strongly on lexical context for speech perception; however, reliance on acoustic context information from speech rate did not differ.

Conclusion:
These findings confirm that cognitive load impacts the use of high-level but not low-level context information in speech and imply that speech recognition deficits in ADHD likely arise due to impaired higher order cognitive processes.
Les bactériophages, nouveaux auteurs du génome
Authors: Astezan Amélie , Chargelegue Jade , David Eliot , Giraud Julien , Saunier Clémentine , Aussel Laurent 
Published: September 2023

Dans le cadre de l’unité d’enseignement « Rédiger en sciences » proposée par Aix-Marseille université, les étudiants du Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale (MIF) - en partenariat avec l’institut de microbiologie, bioénergies et biotechnologie (IM2B) - ont été confrontés aux exigences de l’écriture scientifique. Trois thématiques leur ont été proposées en relation étroite avec les laboratoires de recherche du tissu local : l’homéostasie des métaux chez les pathogènes, la synthèse de la paroi bactérienne et les systèmes anti-CRISPR des bactériophages. Les étudiants ont ainsi rédigé une nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l’originalité des articles étudiés. Complété par un entretien avec leurs auteurs, l’ensemble offre un éclairage original sur la compréhension du vivant dans le domaine de la microbiologie et de la santé.
Aspergillus niger pneumonia as superinfection in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Ewig Santiago , Gatermann Sören , Phillipou Stathis , Giesa Christian , Hecker Erich 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report a patient with severe cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis and Aspergillus niger superinfection, whose only comorbidity was untreated diabetes mellitus. A. niger pneumonia was proven by PCR, sequencing and culture of pleural and respiratory secretions. The patient was successfully treated with a four-drug antituberculous regimen, liposomal amphotericin B (up to 5 mg/kg/d) and pleuro-pneumonectomy. Histology of the resected lung revealed destroyed lung tissue with inflammatory cells and fungal conidia. There were large deposits of polarising material, which was found to be calcium oxalate. There was also nodular caseating necrosis bordered by epitheloid cells and connective tissue. Thus, all diagnostic criteria for invasive A. niger infection were met. Several local risk factors, such as extensive lung damage and tissue acidification, may have favoured superinfection by A. niger. This case highlights the diagnostic value of calcium oxalate crystals in lung tissue and the need for combined antimicrobial and surgical treatment in extensive invasive aspergillosis caused by A. niger.
Die Therapie von Tumorrezidiven bzw. Zweitkarzinomen in vorbehandeltem Gebiet ist nicht mit der Primärtherapie in nicht-vorbehandeltem Gewebe gleichzusetzen – eine Übersicht
Authors: Dietz Andreas , Wiegand S. , Bläker H. , Budach W. 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungBei der Behandlung von lokalen bzw. lokoregionären Rezidiven, Zweitkarzinomen oder Residuen von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region nach einer Primärtherapie ergeben sich unterschiedliche Ausgangsituationen. Bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten mit lokoregionären Rezidiven ist eine Vorbehandlung bestehend aus Operation und/oder postoperativer Radio- bzw. Radiochemotherapie oder eine primäre Radio- bzw. Radiochemotherapie erfolgt. In jedem Fall handelt es sich um ein erneutes Tumorwachstum in vorbehandeltem Gebiet, das in besonderer Weise für die Therapieentscheidung berücksichtigt werden muss. Die biologischen Hintergründe sind vielfältig und werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit näher beschrieben und klinisch eingeordnet.
Use of Locking Plates Fixed with Cortical Screws for Pelvic Fracture Repair in 20 Cats
Authors: Emilian Adrian Dumitru , Genoni Stefano , Morrison Shane , Whitelock Richard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to describe the use of String of Pearls (SOP) plates for the surgical management of feline pelvic fractures, including surgical technique, proposed indications, complications, and outcomes in a cohort of cats.
Study Design This study is a single-center retrospective clinical case series.
Methods Medical records (2015–2019) of cats presenting for pelvic fractures (n = 33) were reviewed. Type of fracture, preoperative and postoperative imaging, and complications were retrospectively retrieved. Owners were contacted via questionnaire for medium- and long-term follow-up.
Results A total of 20 cats met the inclusion criteria. Minor intraoperative complications were encountered in three patients. One patient suffered a major intraoperative complication. Five major complications were encountered postoperatively. These included two greater trochanter osteotomy fixation implant removal and three SOP plate removal. Full function was recovered in all patients according to the owners' assessment.
Clinical Significance The use of SOP plates in feline pelvic fractures appears to yield a consistently good outcome with a very low incidence of canal narrowing and screw loosening. SOP plates are easy to contour and to apply along the entire pelvic length.
Impact of Gap Years Following Medical School Graduation on Resident Research Productivity in Ophthalmology
Authors: Choudhry Hassaam S. , Patel Aman M. , Tailor Priya , Kumarapuram Siddhant , Patel Riya H. , Guttikonda Sri , Sriram Rithika , Swamy Ramya , Yousuf Salman , Kaleem Mona A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Gap years following medical school graduation have become more common, but research into their tangible career benefit is lacking. Examining the impact of gap years on resident scholarly productivity in ophthalmology may provide insight generalizable to all specialties.
Objective To evaluate whether a gap year following medical school graduation significantly predicts scholarly productivity during ophthalmology residency.
Methods In December 2021, residents were recorded from 110 publicly available American ophthalmology residency program webpages. They were included if educational history was listed on publicly accessible academic and social media profiles. Residents were then stratified into gap year and nongap year cohorts. Publication data were recorded from Scopus and PubMed. Pearson's chi-square, independent sample t-tests, and multivariable regression were performed.
Results A total of 1,206 residents were analyzed, with 1,036 (85.9%) residents taking no gap year and 170 (14.1%) residents with at least one gap year. Gap year residents were predicted to have increase in the likelihoods of publishing at least one, two, or five total articles during residency, in addition to at least one article in a high-impact journal. There was no significant relationship between gap years and publications with senior authors affiliated with either the resident's medical school or residency program.
Conclusion Residents taking gap years following graduation may publish more during residency, but these publications are not associated with senior authors at their institutions. Future investigations should continue to evaluate the significance of gap years in medical education.
From Halley’s Comet to the Scout Kwapiszon
Authors: Wincencjusz-Patyna Anita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a historic review of the use of photomontage and photo-based collage in Polish books for children
(fiction and poetry) in the 20th century. The earliest example dates from 1934, whereas the latest one is dated 1981. The chapter
begins with an outline of the artistic background in the period 1918–1939, it gives a short typology of photo-based illustrations, and
then analyses the only known examples of genuine photomontage created for children’s books before World War II, namely works by
Aleksander Krzywobłocki and Jerzy Janisch in Kometa Halley’a (Halley’s Comet) by Alina Lan, and a sample of works by
Franciszka and Stefan Themerson. The chapter continues through the period of the so-called Polish School of Illustration
(1950s–1970s), paying special attention to Adam Kilian and Stanisław Zamecznik’s illustrations, and ends with a presentation of the
extensive and varied use of photography in illustrations by Bohdan Butenko, one of Poland’s most prominent illustrators.
Transformer oil quality assessment based on lens-free holographic microscopy
Authors: Xue Liang , Li Xinze , Peng Yue , Xu YuFei , Jiang Chao , Yang Chuankai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In order to avoid serious problems caused by excessive gas in transformer oil and to realize online monitoring of transformer oil, we propose a method based on lens-free holographic microscopy for transformer oil quality assessment. Using a lens-free device, we can obtain a hologram of the gas bubbles with a large field of view in transformer oil. After the reconstruction, the quantitative phase and shape information of the gas bubbles in the oil can be acquired, thus we can further calculate the parameter of the area, volume, amount, and gas to oil volume ratio of the gas bubbles in transformer oil, which can be used to evaluate the quality of transformer oil effectively. During the experiment, we measured the smallest diameter of the gas bubble in oil was 8 μm. The newly designed method provides a new solution for the assessment of transformer oil quality.
Dynamics of a simple third-order autonomous MLC circuit
Authors: Zhang Chaofan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper reports a new simple third-order memristive circuit only containing three elements of inductor, capacitor, and active generalized memristor, from which rich dynamical behaviors are generated. With a dimensionless system model, the performed analyses show that the proposed memristive circuit only has an unstable equilibrium point of saddle-focus-type. The antimonotonicity makes the system exhibits coexisting chaotic and periodic bubbling single-parameter bifurcation routes. Moreover, the quasiperiodic torus, various bursting and beat phenomena with chaotic and periodic oscillations are demonstrated by numerical simulations. The analog circuit implementations are further presented to show the phase portraits and time sequences of the generated attractors.
Tight lower bounds on the time it takes to generate a geometric phase
Authors: Hörnedal Niklas , Sönnerborn Ole 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGeometric phase is a concept of central importance in virtually every branch of physics. In this paper, we show that the evolution time of a cyclically evolving quantum system is restricted by the system’s energy resources and the geometric phase acquired by the state. Specifically, we derive and examine three tight lower bounds on the time required to generate any prescribed Aharonov-Anandan geometric phase. The derivations are based on recent results on the geometric character of the Mandelstam-Tamm and Margolus-Levitin quantum speed limits.
Modelling the global photovoltaic potential on land and its sensitivity to climate change
Authors: Saxena Ankita , Brown Calum , Arneth Almut , Rounsevell Mark 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is fundamental for decarbonizing the global economy and supporting the renewable energy transitions that are needed to combat climate change. Potential solar power production at a given location is a function of climatic variables that will change over time and so climate change needs to be accounted for in PV potential estimation. The future potential of PV in response to climate change has not previously been assessed consistently and globally across alternative scenarios. We develop global gridded estimates of PV potential between 2020 and 2100 as a function of spatial, climatic, technological and infrastructural conditions. We find a global technical potential of 175 111 T W h yr−1 in 2050, which changes by between ca. −19% (high-emission scenario) and +16% (low-emission scenario), with larger geographic variations within these scenarios. We perform a sensitivity analysis to identify key uncertainties and assess the scope for emerging PV technologies to offset negative climate impacts. We find that suboptimal orientation and temperature losses have the largest negative effects (reducing PV potential by up to ca. 50% and ca. 10% respectively), but that new technologies may be able to generate gains of more than 200% if successfully deployed worldwide. Solar power can make an important contribution to energy production over the coming decades and the demand for renewable energy could be met by PV deployment on between 0.5% and 1% of the global land area, provided its deployment accounts for the location-specific impacts of climate change.
Pneumatic feed mechanism for accurate sowing of bare cotton seeds
Authors: Alimova F A , Saidova M T , Sh Primkulov B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article considers the development of machines that improve sowing and increase the quality of technological operations when sowing cotton. The studies have been carried out for three years in the zone of sharply continental climate of the Republic of Uzbekistan on typical gray soils. The factors influencing the decrease in the efficiency of crop production for the Central Asian region are analyzed. The purpose of the use of clustered sowing of cotton with a given number of seeds in the cluster is substantiated. The results of research on the development of a pneumatic feed mechanism with optimal parameters for accurate sowing of bare cotton seeds in a clustered method for the soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan are presented. The physical and mechanical properties of bare cotton seeds of industrial grades C-6524 and “Sulton” were studied. An improved design of a pneumatic feed mechanism is proposed, including a sowing disc with suction cells, which are made in the form of a triangle with rounded tops and with a bridge inside. In this case, the bridge has a Y - shaped form, abuts with its ends against the sides of the triangle. At the same time, a technical result is achieved, it consists in creating the best conditions for a rational group arrangement and reliable suction of cotton seeds in the cells of the sowing disk, which improves the accuracy of their group sowing into the cluster and stable formation of maximum accuracy clusters in the furrow. The data on the economic efficiency of the use of a pneumatic planter equipped with exact feed mechanisms with substantiated parameters for sowing bare cotton seeds by the clustered method are presented.
Evaluation of the efficiency of thermal insulation of the combustion chamber according to the load characteristics of a diesel engine
Authors: Ismatov Jumaniyoz , Khakimov Jamshid , Kalauov Saydulla , Ismatov Abduxalil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Prospects for the development of diesel engine building are seen in a consistent increase in specific indicators due to forcing on the average effective pressure with a simultaneous decrease in the loss of fuel combustion heat, thermal insulation of the combustion chamber and the use of exhaust gas energy. All these measures are taken to bring the real thermodynamic cycle closer to the theoretical adiabatic cycle. This explains the appearance of the terms adiabatic, semiadiabatic, partially adiabatic, and even superadiabatic. The existing estimates of the effectiveness of thermal insulation of diesel combustion chambers in terms of the level of adiabatization of the thermodynamic cycle were based on qualitative rather than quantitative indicators, as a result of which the achieved effects were interpreted by various researchers ambiguously. The introduction of uniformity in the methods, indicators and quantitative criteria for evaluating the efficiency of using the heat of combustion of fuel in the working cycle of a diesel engine makes it possible to determine not only the achieved level, but also to predict the future development of the engine building industry, which confirms the relevance of the problem.
Efficiency of technical service of machinery and equipment of livestock production with the participation of manufacturing companies
Authors: Chepurin Aleksandr , Chepurina Ekaterina , Kushnareva Darya , Rybakin Dmitriy , Pupkova Darya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the assessment of the technical and economic efficiency of the rational organization of technical service of livestock machinery and equipment with the participation of manufacturers of equipment. The authors analyzed the labor intensity and structure of maintenance and repair work for groups of technological machines and equipment; the costs of downtime of technological machines and equipment of dairy farming for a standard-sized number of farms and complexes. Specific values of indicators depending on the number of cows are determined.
Parameters of the straw separator elevator
Authors: Maiviatov F M , Karimov R R , Gapparov Sh X , Tursunov Sh Ch , Musurmonov I E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to substantiate the parameters of the straw separator elevator. The scheme of the straw separator and its principle of operation are given. The proposed straw separator consists of elevators, a web, a shaker, a motion transmission mechanism, a sewing machine, a support and an electric motor. The results of experimental studies to determine the effect of the parameters of the straw separator on the friction composition of straw and its loss are presented. It is established that slope angles of the upper and lower blades of the elevators relative to the horizon are 360 and 560, respectively, the ratio of the slope angles of the elevators is 1.1, the ratio of the straw separator diameters is 0.74 and the number is 3, the sum of the lengths of the elevators is 2.75 m, and the frequency of the blade rotations is 400 m−1 should be.
Obtaining fine-dispersed cellulose from annual plants
Authors: Yurtaeva L V , Alashkevich Yu D , Marchenko R A , Yu Vasilyeva D , Tarazeev D S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Wood is not only of great economic importance as a building and finishing material, but is also one of the cheapest and most widely used raw materials for the industrial production of pulp. At present, it is the main source of raw materials as a starting material for the extraction of cellulose. The paper analyzes the negative consequences affecting the ecological situation in the world due to the increased demand for wood. An alternative source of raw materials to replace wood is considered. The possibility of obtaining fibrous and powdered cellulose from technical hemp is shown. The conditions for obtaining it are determined.