bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgery Is the Last Resort for Huge Scrotal Lymphedema: A Series of Challenging Cases
Authors: ElKiran Yasser M. , Elshafei Amr M. , Abdelgawad Mohamed S. , Kamel Mohammed F. , Sharaf-Eldeen Hesham A. , Abdelmaksoud Mohammed A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe aim to provide our surgical techniques, and outcomes of functional scrotal reduction procedures with complete preservation of the genitourinary original anatomy in a simple way without using complicated skin grafting or skin advancement flaps in Patients with huge and long-standing scrotal lymphedema 18 patients ages ranged from 14-65 with a median of 30 years. Functional scrotal and penoscrotal reduction was attained in all cases, without distortion of the genitourinary anatomy and without the need for advancement, rotational or free flaps, maximal scrotal diameter was reduced from median of 61[48-92] cms to a median of 25[21–29] cms (P<0.0001) and remained almost unchanged at the end of the follow up period 26[22-34] cms (P<0.0001). Sexual performance and voiding capacity were improved in all patients, testicular vascularity was unaffected and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) for the quality of life showed marked enhancement in the total 55.5[50–72], general 55.5[50–72], social 100[50–100] and physical 16.6[16–33] points subscales. According to our experience, surgery remains the gold standard treatment for management of huge scrotal lymphedema, successful preservation of the genitourinary functions can be attained despite the size in most cases with excellent cosmoses.
A New Model for Basic Microsurgical Nerve Repair Simulation: Making the Most Out of Less
Authors: Ioncioaia Bogdan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrosurgical peripheral nerve repair is a technical and challenging procedure that requires thorough training prior to a real-life operating theater scenario. While the gold standard in training remains training on biological living peripheral nerve specimen, various inanimate models of nerve repair simulation have been described in the past years.The textile elastic band (TEB) obtained from a surgical mask was either covered with a fine silicone sheath or was left bare and was used afterward for end-to-end coaptation.The average diameter of the TEB was 2 mm, similar with the nerves in the distal hand and can be easily crafted out of accessible materials such as a surgical mask and silicone sealant. The silicone that covers the TEB offers more fidelity to the simulation for microsurgical nerve coaptation.The TEB model offers an affordable, available, and easy-to-craft alternative to the existing models for peripheral nerve repair simulation and serves as a good initiation tool before moving on to biological specimens.
Assessing the place of minoritized languages in postcolonial contexts using the Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Migge Bettina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLinguistic Landscape research has demonstrated that detailed analysis of written signage provides, often simultaneously, important insights into various aspects of the sociolinguistic dynamics of a context, particularly those involving minoritized languages. Comparatively little of that research has, however, focused on postcolonial contexts in which people make little use of literacy and in which locally widely used minoritized languages co-exist with an officially dominant ex-colonial language. This paper explores written signage involving minoritized languages in the town of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French Guiana) and how it is shaped by local practices and social change. The paper argues that knowledge of the ethnographic context such as local practices of place belongingness, the place of writing, and processes of social change is indispensable when analyzing the Linguistic Landscape. When viewed from a holistic perspective, the Linguistic Landscape provides insights into local identities and the processes promoting them.
Population-size history inferences from the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) genome
Authors: Rondeau Eric B , Christensen Kris A , Minkley David R , Leong Jong S , Chan Michelle T T , Despins Cody A , Mueller Anita , Sakhrani Dionne , Biagi Carlo A , Rougemont Quentin , Normandeau Eric , Jones Steven J M , Devlin Robert H , Withler Ruth E , Beacham Terry D , Naish Kerry A , Yáñez José M , Neira Roberto , Bernatchez Louis , Davidson William S , Koop Ben F 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) are a culturally and economically important species that return from multiyear ocean migrations to spawn in rivers that flow to the Northern Pacific Ocean. Southern stocks of coho salmon in Canada and the United States have significantly declined over the past quarter century, and unfortunately, conservation efforts have not reversed this trend. To assist in stock management and conservation efforts, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly. We also resequenced the genomes of 83 coho salmon across the North American range to identify nucleotide variants and understand the demographic histories of these salmon by modeling effective population size from genome-wide data. From demographic history modeling, we observed reductions in effective population sizes between 3,750 and 8,000 years ago for several northern sampling sites, which may correspond to bottleneck events during recolonization after glacial retreat.
Development of a keyword library for capturing PRO-CTCAE-focused “symptom talk” in oncology conversations
Authors: Durieux Brigitte N , Zverev Samuel R , Tarbi Elise C , Kwok Anne , Sciacca Kate , Pollak Kathryn I , Tulsky James A , Lindvall Charlotta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
As computational methods for detecting symptoms can help us better attend to patient suffering, the objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate the performance of a natural language processing keyword library for detecting symptom talk, and to describe symptom communication within our dataset to generate insights for future model building.

Materials and Methods
This was a secondary analysis of 121 transcribed outpatient oncology conversations from the Communication in Oncologist-Patient Encounters trial. Through an iterative process of identifying symptom expressions via inductive and deductive techniques, we generated a library of keywords relevant to the Patient-Reported Outcome version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) framework from 90 conversations, and tested the library on 31 additional transcripts. To contextualize symptom expressions and the nature of misclassifications, we qualitatively analyzed 450 mislabeled and properly labeled symptom-positive turns.

Results
The final library, comprising 1320 terms, identified symptom talk among conversation turns with an F1 of 0.82 against a PRO-CTCAE-focused gold standard, and an F1 of 0.61 against a broad gold standard. Qualitative observations suggest that physical symptoms are more easily detected than psychological symptoms (eg, anxiety), and ambiguity persists throughout symptom communication.

Discussion
This rudimentary keyword library captures most PRO-CTCAE-focused symptom talk, but the ambiguity of symptom speech limits the utility of rule-based methods alone, and limits to generalizability must be considered.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight opportunities for more advanced computational models to detect symptom expressions from transcribed clinical conversations. Future improvements in speech-to-text could enable real-time detection at scale.
Understanding and Practices of Human Rights Standards Relating to Policing: A Case Study of Ghana Police Officers
Authors: Golo Harrison Kwame 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human Rights Education (HRE) has been recognized by scholars as crucial and critical for the construction of a universal culture of human rights. This recognition stems from the fact that HRE enables the building of capacity and responsiveness of professionals in terms of shaping their skills through the acquisition of the requisite knowledge, attitude, skills and practices of international human rights standards that relate to their work. Drawing on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, this article explores police officers’ knowledge and practice of international human rights standards that relate to policing from a conveniently selected 48 groups of police officers from eight randomly selected regions out of the 16 regions of Ghana. The findings revealed that, although HRE constitutes part of the Ghana Police Service training curriculum, a large number of the officer-participants indicate inadequate understanding and practice of these relevant Human Rights Standards. Prudent HRE-oriented policies concerning Ghana police training are recommended.
Interview: Ian Gordon
Authors: Bennett Hayley 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ian Gordon has spent 40 years working as an applied statistician and was recently appointed President of the Statistical Society of Australia (SSA). As director of the Statistical Consulting Centre at the University of Melbourne, his clients are diverse and he has acted as an expert witness in high-profile legal cases, including for victims of fires, floods, racial discrimination and pelvic mesh implants. Hayley Bennett finds out more
Multi-scored sleep databases: how to exploit the multiple-labels in automated sleep scoring
Authors: Fiorillo Luigi , Pedroncelli Davide , Agostini Valentina , Favaro Paolo , Faraci Francesca Dalia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Inter-scorer variability in scoring polysomnograms is a well-known problem. Most of the existing automated sleep scoring systems are trained using labels annotated by a single-scorer, whose subjective evaluation is transferred to the model. When annotations from two or more scorers are available, the scoring models are usually trained on the scorer consensus. The averaged scorer’s subjectivity is transferred into the model, losing information about the internal variability among different scorers. In this study, we aim to insert the multiple-knowledge of the different physicians into the training procedure. The goal is to optimize a model training, exploiting the full information that can be extracted from the consensus of a group of scorers.

Methods
We train two lightweight deep learning-based models on three different multi-scored databases. We exploit the label smoothing technique together with a soft-consensus (LSSC) distribution to insert the multiple-knowledge in the training procedure of the model. We introduce the averaged cosine similarity metric (ACS) to quantify the similarity between the hypnodensity-graph generated by the models with-LSSC and the hypnodensity-graph generated by the scorer consensus.

Results
The performance of the models improves on all the databases when we train the models with our LSSC. We found an increase in ACS (up to 6.4%) between the hypnodensity-graph generated by the models trained with-LSSC and the hypnodensity-graph generated by the consensus.

Conclusion
Our approach definitely enables a model to better adapt to the consensus of the group of scorers. Future work will focus on further investigations on different scoring architectures and hopefully large-scale-heterogeneous multi-scored datasets.
High Rates of Successful Return to Competitive Athletics After Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Regardless of Distal Fusion Level
Authors: Fabricant Peter D. , Pascual-Leone Nicolas , Gross Preston W. , Retzky Julia S. , Green Daniel W. , Blanco John S. , Widmann Roger F. 
Published: February 2023

Study Design.
Prospective cohort.

Objective.
To determine if distal spinal fusion level is associated with postoperative sport participation after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.
The concept of “saving a level” during PSF for AIS refers to minimizing the distal extent of lumbar fusion to theoretically allow for increased postoperative spinal mobility and a more predictable return to athletic activity, as well as minimizing the risk of degenerative disc disease. There are few prospective studies evaluating the correlation between distal fusion level and timing of return to sports.

Materials and Methods.
Adolescent patients undergoing PSF for AIS between 2009 and 2019 were approached at their presurgical visit to participate in this prospective study. Participants were followed for a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Sports participation (classified by sport type and level of competitiveness) and radiographic data were collected at the initial visit. At each postoperative visit, it was noted whether patients returned to the same sport type and level of competitiveness.

Results.
After an a priori power calculation was performed, a total of 106 participants were included in the analysis with a mean age of 14 ± 2 years. Distal fusion levels ranged from T11 to L4. There was no significant association between distal fusion level and return to the same level of sports participation (P = 0.192). Of the participants, 93% returned to sports with no significant differences by distal fusion level (P = 0.081). Distal fusion level demonstrated no difference in return to preoperative sport (P = 0.486) or return to the same type of sport (P = 0.247).

Conclusions.
This study found no association between distal fusion level and postoperative sports participation. Even though many patients may elect to change sports, nearly all patients returned to sports, and the majority of patients returned to the same level of sports competition or higher after PSF for AIS.
A Novel 3-Point Injection Technique for OnabotulinumtoxinA in the Upper Depressor Anguli Oris
Authors: Moradi Amir , Khalifian Saami , Alghoul Mohammed S. , Poehler Jeanette 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA) injections to the depressor anguli oris (DAO) to improve downturned mouth.

PATIENTS AND METHODS/MATERIALS
This prospective, placebo-controlled, study enrolled subjects aged 18 to 65 years. Injections were performed using a novel 3-point technique in the upper DAO (1.5 U/injection site). The primary end point was a DAO contraction scale 1-grade improvement. Subjective evaluation was performed using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS).

RESULTS
Ten subjects received ONA and 10 placebo (saline) injections. In ONA-treated subjects, DAO scores showed significant improvements at Weeks 4 and 12 (p < .001) compared with baseline. No significant difference between visits was observed for placebo-injected subjects. Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores showed that 100% of subjects were improved compared with baseline at Week 4% and 90% at Week 12. By contrast, 90% and 80% of placebo-treated subjects had “no change” in their DAO appearance at Weeks 4 and 12. Subject GAIS assessments matched the live evaluator at Week 4; 60% continued to report improvement at Week 12. Treatment was well tolerated.

CONCLUSION
OnabotulinumtoxinA injections to the DAO using a 3-point technique provide clinically meaningful improvements in appearance. Treatment was well tolerated and in most individuals lasted at least 12 weeks.

IDENTIFIER

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04240535.
Analysis of Survival Differences Between Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Kromer Courtney M. , Yacoub Nour , Xiong David , Knackstedt Thomas 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are clinically aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that can present as cutaneous or subcutaneous based tumors that are commonly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Historically, these tumors have poor outcomes. Previously, no study has compared survival of cutaneous versus subcutaneous MPNSTs.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the difference in overall survival (OS) among cutaneous MPNSTs, subcutaneous MPNSTs of the head and neck, and subcutaneous MPNSTs of the trunk and extremities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine hundred eighteen patients were included in this retrospective study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER-9) database with primary cutaneous or subcutaneous MPNSTs from 1975 to 2016. OS was calculated using cox proportional hazard models for each group.

RESULTS
No significant difference was revealed in OS between cutaneous or subcutaneous MPNSTs, regardless of location. Factors associated with decreased OS included advanced age, higher grade, and nondefinitive surgical modality.

CONCLUSION
This study results implies that unlike other soft tissue sarcomas, cutaneous presentation does not improve OS in patients with MPNSTs compared with their subcutaneous counterparts.
Awareness and Counseling Among Dermatologists of the Association Between Hydrochlorothiazide and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Bard Jason T. , Kornmehl Heather A. , Smith Robert J. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND
Cumulative hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) use is linked to the development of nonmelanoma skin cancers. In August 2020, the U.S. FDA approved changes to the HCTZ drug label to indicate this.

OBJECTIVE
To uncover what proportion of dermatologists are aware of this association and how often screening and counseling are performed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An observational, cross-sectional survey assessing risk awareness and counseling frequency and barriers was distributed among academic dermatologists. Chi-square tests compared resident and attending respondent data.

RESULTS
A total of 83 respondents completed the questionnaire; most endorsed awareness of the association between HCTZ use and nonmelanoma skin cancer development before the survey, yet only 28.9% of respondents were aware of changes to the HCTZ drug label. A greater proportion of attendings than residents were aware of the association and drug label changes. The most reported barrier to counseling was the lack of specific screening guidelines for patients taking HCTZ.

CONCLUSION
Concerted efforts should be made in residency training and continuing medical education to ensure dermatologists are aware of this well-established link. Specialty-specific efforts should be made to implement clear guidelines on best screening practices and optimized counseling strategies for patients taking HCTZ.
Effects of erythropoietin in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy receiving therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Lin Tzu-Hua , Chen Chia-Huei , Ko Mary Hsin-Ju , Tsai Jeng-Daw , Jeng Mei-Jy 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Minimizing multiple organ dysfunction-related mortality and morbidity is a critical issue for patients with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) receiving therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Although erythropoietin (EPO) has demonstrated protective effects on various hypoxic–ischemic organs in animal studies and clinical trials in adults, its effects on neonates with HIE require further investigation.

Methods:
This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of neonates with HIE who received TH with or without EPO (TH+EPO vs TH groups) administration in a tertiary referral hospital from January 2016 to January 2021. Data regarding patient characteristics, medical treatment, and clinical (neurological, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and renal) function assessments were collected. To control for confounding factors and selection bias between the two groups, a 1:1 propensity matching method was applied.

Results:
A total of 45 neonates with HIE received TH during the study period, with 24 patients (53%) in the TH+EPO group. After matching, each group enrolled 13 cases. No significant difference in mortality or hospital stay between the two groups was noted. During the first 3 days, the patients in the TH+EPO group showed significantly higher blood pressure (BP) than those in the TH group (p < 0.05 on day 1). The TH+EPO group showed trends of higher blood hemoglobin (p > 0.05) and creatinine (p > 0.05) levels and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (p > 0.05) and urine output (p > 0.05) during the first 2 weeks than TH group.

Conclusion:
The use of EPO in addition to TH is safe for neonates with HIE. The neonates with moderate or severe HIE who received EPO may have a lesser risk of hypotension than those who received TH alone. Further clinical studies on renal and cardiac functions and long-term neurological effects of EPO are required.
New strategy in hemorrhagic gastric cancer: A case report of complete pathological remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Zhou Yuchen , Lin Xiaojun , Lin Shengtao , Li Weihua 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Strategy for hemorrhagic gastric cancer should both handle the potential life-threatening situation caused by bleeding and increase probability of long-term survival. For hemorrhagic patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, surgical resection is always the preferred option for the reason that it eliminates both the tumor and risk of rebleeding. However, the long-term survival after resection is still unsatisfactory.

Patient concerns:
Here, we report a patient with hemorrhagic locally advanced gastric cancer achieved pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Diagnoses:
In this case, a 58-year-old man presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability was admitted to the emergency department. Gastroscopy and biopsy revealed a large hemorrhagic ulcerated carcinoma located in the antrum, gastric angle, and lower part of gastric body. Abdominal CT indicated an infiltrative ulcerated carcinoma with perigastric lymph nodes metastasis.

Interventions:
After fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion, application of proton pump inhibitors, and Octreotide, the patient recovered gradually. Then, nasojejunal feeding tube was placed for enteral nutrition and tumor exclusion. Subsequently, the patient received 5 cycles of neoadjuvant S-1 plus oxaliplatin regimen, without signs of rebleeding, followed by radical distal gastrectomy.

Outcomes:
Pathological examination confirmed that the patient received pathological complete response.

Lessons:
This case suggests that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is feasible in selected hemorrhagic gastric cancer patients and tumor exclusion is helpful in reducing rebleeding risk.