bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incident atrial fibrillation and adverse clinical outcomes during extended follow-up of participants recruited to the remote heart rhythm sampling using the AliveCor heart monitor to screen for atrial fibrillation: the REHEARSE-AF study
Authors: Ellins Elizabeth A , Wareham Kathie , Harris Daniel E , Hanney Matthew , Akbari Ashley , Gilmore Mark , Barry James P , Phillips Ceri J , Gravenor Michael B , Halcox Julian P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for stroke, which is commonly asymptomatic, particularly in older patients, and often undetected until cardiovascular events occur. Development of novel technology has helped to improve detection of AF. However, the longer-term benefit of systematic electrocardiogram (ECG) screening on cardiovascular outcomes is unclear.

Methods and results
In the original REHEARSE-AF study, patients were randomized to twice-weekly portable electrocardiogram (iECG) assessment or routine care. After discontinuing the trial portable iECG assessment, electronic health record data sources provided longer-term follow-up analysis. Cox regression was used to provide unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for clinical diagnosis, events, and anticoagulant prescriptions during the follow-up period. Over the median 4.2-year follow-up, although a greater number of patients were diagnosed with AF in the original iECG group (43 vs. 31), this was not significant (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.86–2.19). No differences were seen in the number of strokes/systemic embolisms or deaths between the two groups (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.54–1.54; HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.66–1.73). Findings were similar when restricted to those with CHADS-VASc ≥ 4.

Conclusion
A 1-year period of home-based, twice-weekly screening for AF increased diagnoses of AF for the screening period but did not lead to increased diagnoses of AF or a reduction in cardiovascular-related events or all-cause death over a median of 4.2 years, even in those at highest risk of AF. These results suggest that benefits of regular ECG screening over a 1-year period are not maintained after cessation of the screening protocol.
A Crossed Analysis of Participations in Labor and Grain Markets: Evidence from Malawi
Authors: Camara Alhassane , Savard Luc 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study contributes to the literature on the identification of factors shaping the decision to participate in the grain market in Africa. Unlike previous studies, we introduce labor market participation into the farm household model to highlight heterogeneities in decision making. Empirically, we rely on an extension of Heckman's approach and introduce control functions to mitigate endogeneity issues related to the adoption of agricultural technologies. We find that limited access to transportation infrastructure, by discouraging the supply of grain, constrains households to experience an excess of labor; price incentives may have a reverse effect on the choice of market regimes, even though the effect on production may be positive for households that are already participants. We also show that farmers' responses to grain prices are not sensitive to their labor market position. The use of agricultural technologies encourages cereal production and employment of external agricultural labor. This study thus provides a better targeting when designing policies promoting marketing and rural employment.
Clomipramine inhibits dynamin GTPase activity by L-α-phosphatidyl-L-serine stimulation
Authors: Miyoshi Hiroshi , Otomo Masahiro , Takahashi Kiyofumi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Three dynamin isoforms play critical roles in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. We previously reported that 3-(3-chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine (clomipramine) inhibits the GTPase activity of dynamin 1, which is in mainly neuron. Therefore, we investigated whether clomipramine inhibits the activity of other dynamin isoforms in this study. We found that, similar to its inhibitory effect on dynamin 1, clomipramine inhibited the l-α-phosphatidyl-l-serine-stimulated GTPase activity of dynamin 2, which is expressed ubiquitously, and dynamin 3, which is expressed in the lung. Inhibition of GTPase activity raises the possibility that clomipramine can suppress SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells.
Efficacy of deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl in proportionally layer-treated maize against the larger grain borer and the maize weevil
Authors: Quellhorst Hannah , Sakka Maria , Gourgouta Marina , Morrison William R , Zhu Kun Yan , Athanassiou Christos G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Two insecticides (deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl) were evaluated in laboratory assays as grain protectants when applied as a total percentage of a maize mass to control adult Prostephanus truncatus and Sitophilus zeamais. All experiments were conducted at the University of Thessaly in Greece at 30°C and 65% RH under continuous darkness. Either insecticide was applied to 20 g of maize placed in a vial or to the upper one half, one fourth, or one-eighth layer of the maize, then insects were either added to the vials before or after the maize in a completely randomized block design CRBD with n = 9 replicates. Mortality, progeny production, and insect damaged kernels (IDK) were then evaluated for each vial. Insect introduction method (before or after) did not have any impact on any of the variables. Mortality was nearly 100% for all treatments for both insecticides for P. truncatus. Subsequently, progeny production and the number of insect damaged kernels were very low or zero for P. truncatus. Mortality of S. zeamais remained low across layer treatments for deltamethrin. However, S. zeamais was easily controlled by pirimiphos-methyl. The results of this laboratory study show that while deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl have some effectiveness as a layer treatment on a column of maize, efficacy will be dependent on the target species, and the depth of the treated layer, as well as the location on which the insects are present.
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and risk of esophagogastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zou Qu , Tan Hao-Yang , Li Jun-Chi , Li Ya-Dong , Yang Kang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been found to be strongly linked to several diseases. Although previous studies have explored the association between MAFLD and extrahepatic cancers, research on the relationship between MAFLD and gastric carcinoma (GC) and esophageal carcinoma (EC) is relatively scarce and requires updating. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the association between MAFLD and GC or EC.

Material and methods
We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant studies published up to 5 August 2022, using the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. To estimate the risk ratio (RR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI), we employed a random-effects model. We also conducted subgroup analyses based on study characteristics. The protocol for this systematic review is registered in the Prospero database under the registration number CRD42022351574.

Results
Our analysis included eight eligible studies, comprising a total of 8 629 525 participants. We found that the pooled RR values for the risk of GC in patients with MAFLD were 1.49 (95%CI: 1.17–1.91), whereas the pooled RR values for the risk of EC in patients with MAFLD were 1.76 (95%CI: 1.34–2.32).

Conclusions
Based on our meta-analysis, we conclude that there is a significant association between the presence of MAFLD and the development of GC and EC.
Photo-crosslinking hydrogel for wound healing in a pilonidal sinus patient after open surgery
Authors: Yang Yiheng , Yang Haojie , Han Yilin , Wang Zhenyi , Han Changpeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pilonidal sinus is a chronic infectious disease with large incision and high risk of relapse after surgical management. Therefore, effective intervention strategies are urgently needed to reduce the relapse and shorten the wound healing time. Hydrogels have been widely used in regenerative medicine for its great biocompatibility, however, it remains challenging to integrate the material with wound tissues. Here, we reported a case of pilonidal sinus patient using a novel tissue integration material, Photo-crosslinking hydrogel after open surgery. A 38-year-old man with a pilonidal sinus for ˃5 years underwent open surgery. When the surgery was finished, the wound was injected with hydrogel that was irradiated with a ultraviolet light source until covered and solidified completely. Hydrogel needed to be changed 1–2 times per week. We evaluated the healing time as primary outcome and then followed up for ˃1 year to observe the relapse. The wound healed completely in 46 days after open surgery, which was shorter than that reported in other studies. Meanwhile, no recurrence was detected during follow-up. Photo-crosslinking hydrogel effectively promoted wound healing and has the potential to be easily applied in Pilonidal sinus patients after open surgery.
Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy: a remarkably rare complication after bariatric surgery
Authors: Jhamb Shaurya , Sidhu Tejminder S , Whiting Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hyperammonaemia is a metabolic disorder with elevated blood ammonia levels. Here we describe a case of hyperammonaemia associated encephalopathy as an incredibly rare, potentially fatal and treatable complication associated with bariatric surgery. This case highlights the importance of longer-term follow-up after bariatric surgery.
Necrotizing fasciitis of the breast after bilateral breast reduction
Authors: Borg David , Chircop Kurt Lee , Aquilina Duncan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare infection that rapidly progresses through fascial planes. Due to the latter, diagnosis in a timely manner is imperative to ultimately decrease morbidity and mortality. Such a disease process can occur anywhere in the body; however, necrotizing fasciitis of the breast is extremely rare and not well documented in the available literature.
This is a case report about a 49-year-old woman who developed severe necrotizing fasciitis of both breasts following elective bilateral breast reduction. The patient developed a severe soft tissue infection leading to destruction of local tissue and required management in a surgical high dependency unit. This case report outlines the immediate management and the ensuing steps in reconstruction.
Necrotizing fasciitis of the breast is a rare complication of breast reduction surgery. Early recognition and aggressive treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, hyperbaric therapy and repeated debridement are essential for successful management. The use of Integra Bilayer Wound Matrix and skin grafting can result in satisfactory outcomes. It is important to obtain tissue samples for culture and sensitivity testing to identify the offending organism in patients with suspected necrotizing fasciitis. This case report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management of necrotizing fasciitis to prevent morbidity and mortality.
A rare cause of unilateral leg swelling: May–Thurner Syndrome
Authors: Channane Hamid , Spiliotis Panagiotis M , Sandica Andreea M , Snopok Iurii , Viebahn Richard 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Common left iliac vein compression, otherwise known as May–Thurner Syndrome (MTS), is a medical condition that refers to chronic compression of an anatomical variant of the left iliac vein by the overlying right common iliac artery and is a predisposing factor for deep vein thrombosis of the left lower limb (LDVT). Although MTS is not often, its true prevalence is underestimated due to misdiagnose, fact that can result to life-threatening conditions such as the development of LDVT and pulmonary embolism. In this paper, we present a case of MTS presenting at our department with unilateral leg swelling without LDTV that was treated through endovascular management along with long-term anticoagulation. With this presentation, the authors wish to emphasise the importance of MTS as a frequently under-diagnosed condition that needs to be ruled out in unilateral left leg swelling with or without LDVT.
Kept apart: Routine family separation in the UK family immigration system as times of crises
Authors: Charsley Katharine , Wray Helena 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The UK’s family immigration regime involves the routine separation of partners from their families. Most obviously, it keeps apart those who are unable to meet the income and other requirements for family (re)unification, and those refused visas. But separation for at least several months, and sometimes much longer, is the norm even for those whose applications are eventually successful. This article draws on creative, co-produced accounts of immigration-related separation to reveal multi-faceted temporalities of crisis in the ‘experiential migrantisation’ of British citizens seeking to reunite bi-national families in the UK. The bureaucratic temporalities of immigration control impede aspirations for life-course progression and shared futures, while increasing the tempo of working and caring lives. In exploring the accounts of British citizens kept apart from partners by the immigration regime through a temporal lens, we chart this experiential migrantisation through the varied and intersecting temporalities of bureaucracy and immigration control, and of biography and (transnational) family life. These can become intertwined with and compound other temporalities of crisis at different levels, from the global Covid-19 pandemic and other international geo-political events, to the more intimate and familial, leading to ‘times of crises’. Such crises are, moreover, often expressed through temporal tropes of key dates missed—birthdays, anniversaries, holidays—and phases of family life postponed.
Woodpeckers in the city: Abundances are highest in large green spaces with complex understories
Authors: Baz Adam , Murphy Michael T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We documented occurrence and relative abundance (henceforth abundance) of five woodpecker species in 36 forested green spaces in Portland, Oregon (USA), to estimate minimum area requirements (MAR; 0.5 probability of occurrence) and to test for potential influences of green space area and type (heavily treed manicured green spaces vs. undeveloped natural forests), habitat features, and landscape composition on the abundance of woodpeckers. Abundances of all species increased with green space area. Manicured and natural green spaces did not differ in canopy cover or total basal area, but woodpecker abundances were greater in natural than manicured green spaces for all species except Northern Flickers (Colaptes auratus). Flickers and Downy Woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens) were most abundant, MAR of both were under 1.5 ha, and both were found in essentially all green spaces. Hairy (P. villosus) and Pileated (Dryocopus pileatus) woodpeckers were least abundant, and with MAR of 34 and 51 ha, respectively, exhibited pronounced area sensitivity. Red-breasted Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus ruber) were intermediate in abundance and MAR to the 2 former and 2 latter species. The most important habitat variables associated with variation in abundance among green spaces were the contribution of deciduous trees to the canopy (Downy Woodpecker [+], Pileated Woodpecker [+], and Northern Flicker [–]), canopy cover (Hairy Woodpecker [+] and Northern Flicker [+]), and log density (Hairy Woodpecker [+], Red-breasted Sapsucker [–]). At the landscape level, lower woodpecker abundance was associated with increased urbanization (Red-breasted Sapsucker and Northern Flicker), while increasing forest cover influenced abundance of Northern Flicker (–) and Pileated Woodpecker (+). Highest woodpecker abundances were thus found in large green spaces with complex understories that were embedded in relatively undeveloped treed landscapes. Management of forested urban green spaces should prioritize needs of the area-sensitive species because ensuring their continued presence benefits the entire avian community.
‘Virtual neonatal crash course’: quality improvement in neonatal teaching for paediatric trainees
Authors: Aghababaie Arameh , Downes Alexandra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

There are limited Foundation Programme posts with rotations in paediatrics. Many junior paediatric trainees therefore start their neonatal jobs, including a mandatory 6-month tertiary neonatal placement during Level 1 training, without prior experience. The aim of this project was to improve trainees’ confidence in the practical aspects of neonatal medicine prior to their first neonatal jobs. A virtual course was delivered to paediatric trainees, on the core principles of neonatal intensive care medicine. Trainees’ confidence levels in different domains of neonatology were assessed with pre- and postcourse questionnaires, showing a significant improvement in confidence following the course. Trainees’ qualitative feedback was also overwhelmingly positive. Overall, there is evidently a desire for supplemental neonatal education for paediatric trainees. The long-term plan to address this is to build upon this course with a transition to face-to-face lectures paired with skills workshops for paediatric trainees in London.

Key messages
What is already known on this topic:
What this study adds:
How this study might affect research, practice, or policy:
Longitudinal study of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders’ impact on deaths of despair in the United States, January 2019 to December 2020
Authors: Kaslow Nadine J , Lewis Patricia C , Cheong Yuk F , Yount Kathryn M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic led to increase in mental health problems and substance misuse. Yet, little is known about its impact on rates of deaths of despair (death by suicide and drug overdose). Our objective was to determine the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on deaths of despair using population-level data. We hypothesized that the longer duration of stay-at-home orders would increase rates of deaths of despair.

Methods
Utilizing quarterly suicide and drug-overdose mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics from January 2019 through December 2020, we estimated fixed-effects models to examine the effects of the duration of stay-at-home orders as differentially implemented in 51 jurisdictions in the United States on each outcome.

Results
Controlling for seasonal patterns, the duration of jurisdictional-level stay-at-home order was positively associated with drug-overdose death rates. The duration of stay-at-home orders was not associated with suicide rates when adjusting for calendar quarter.

Conclusions
Findings suggest an increase in age-adjusted drug-overdose death rates in the United States from 2019 to 2020 possibly attributable to the duration of jurisdictional COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. This effect may have operated through various mechanisms, including increases in economic distress and reduced access to treatment programs when stay-at-home orders were in effect.
Field of Study and Financial Problems: How Economics Reduces the Risk of Default
Authors: Hvidberg Kristoffer Balle 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper documents how extensive economic education can reduce the risk of getting into financial trouble by comparing people who enter business and economics programs with people who enter other higher education programs. To identify the causal effect, I exploit GPA admission thresholds that quasi-randomize applicants near the thresholds into different higher education programs. I find that admission to an economics program reduces the probability of loan default and delinquency by one half. This large reduction is associated with changes in financial behavior, but it is not associated with differences in the level or stability of people’s income.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
COVID-19 disease and vaccination in pregnancy: understanding knowledge, perceptions and experiences among pregnant women and community leaders in Uganda
Authors: Nalubega Phiona , Namugumya Ritah , Zalwango Flavia , Ssali Agnes , Mboizi Robert , Hookham Lauren , Seeley Janet , Le Doare Kirsty 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
We investigated pregnant women and community leaders’ knowledge, perceptions and experiences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program during pregnancy in Uganda and how this changed over the course of the pandemic.

Methods
We conducted 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and two group discussions (GDs) with pregnant women and four GDs with community leaders in Kawempe division of Kampala, Uganda. The first round of IDIs/GDs were carried out in March 2021. In July 2021, telephone IDIs were conducted with 7 pregnant women and 10 community leaders randomly selected from first-round interview participants. Themes were analysed deductively drawing codes from the topic guides.

Results
In the first round, the majority of participants thought COVID-19 was not real because of misconceptions around government messaging/motivation and beliefs that Africans would not be affected. In the second round, participants recognised COVID-19 disease, because of rising case numbers and fatalities. There was increased awareness of the benefits of the vaccine. However, pregnant women remained unsure of vaccine safety and quality, citing side effects like fevers and general body weakness. Role models and coherent public health messaging and healthcare workers were key enablers of vaccine uptake.

Conclusions
Targeted and sustained COVID-19 communication and engagement strategies are needed, especially for pregnant women and others in their communities, to improve vaccine confidence during outbreaks.
Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)
Authors: Kolbasov Gregory A , Savchenko Alexandra S , Yu Meng-Chen , Tsao Yao-Feng , Ganmanee Monthon , Chan Benny K K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Petrarca is an ascothoracidan endoparasite in scleratinian dendrophyllid corals. Petrarca can stimulate coral growth, forming a gall chamber to house itself inside the coral skeleton. The diversity, molecular phylogeny and feeding ecology of Petrarca are understudied. This is the first study of Petrarca to be based on light and scanning electron microscopy to document the fine-scale external and functional morphology of its trophi and other structures. A combined molecular and morphological approach revealed at least four closely related species of Petrarca, P. goanna, P. morula, Petrarca nozawai sp. nov. and Petrarca rubus sp. nov. in Turbinaria and Astreopora corals in Asia. Carapace shape and fine morphology, ultrastructure of the antennular aesthetasc, morphological characteristics of the trophi and the shape and size of the penis rami are diagnostic characters. Several morphological characters, which are all probably synapomorphies, have been proposed to distinguish the genus Petrarca from other Ascothoracida. Mouthparts morphology of Petrarca are developed for cutting and chewing, rather than for piercing and sucking as in many other Ascothoracida. The external surface of the carapace of Petrarca is ornamented with densely packed secretory papillae used putatively for the chemical dissolution of the substrate necessary for the formation of the gall chamber.