bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partitioning and integrating of plant traits and phylogeny in assessing diversity along secondary forest succession in Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Chai Yongfu , Qiu Shen , Wang Kaiyue , Xu Jinshi , Guo Yaoxin , Wang Mao , Yue Ming , Wang Mingjie , Zhu Jiangang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAssessing plant diversity during community succession based on plant trait and phylogenetic features within a community (alpha scale) and among communities (beta scale) could improve our understanding of community succession mechanism. However, whether changes of community functional diversity at alpha and beta scale are structured by different traits and whether integrating plant traits and phylogeny can enhance the ability in detecting diversity pattern have not been studied in detail. Thirty plots representing different successional stages were established on the Loess Plateau of China and 15 functional traits were measured for all coexisting species. We first analyzed the functional alpha and beta diversity along succession by decomposing species trait into alpha and beta components and then integrated key traits with phylogenetic information to explore their roles in shaping species turnover during community succession. We found that functional alpha diversity increased along successional stages and was structured by morphological traits, while beta diversity decreased during succession and was more structured by stoichiometry traits. Phylogenetic alpha diversity showed congruent pattern with functional alpha diversity because of phylogenetic conservation of trait alpha components (variation within community), while beta diversity showed incongruent pattern due to phylogenetic randomness of trait beta components (variation among communities). Furthermore, only integrating relatively conserved traits (plant height and seed mass) and phylogenetic information can raise the detecting ability in assessing diversity change. Overall, our results reveal the increasing niche differentiation within community and functional convergence among communities with succession process, indicating the importance of matching traits with scale in studying community functional diversity and the asymmetry of traits and phylogeny in reflecting species ecological differences under long‐term selection pressures.
Synecological response of spring benthic prokaryotes and macroinvertebrates to Paleozoic roof pendant‐derived calcium
Authors: Friel Ariel D. , Pordel Khaled , Meyers Zachary , Seymour Cale O. , Thomas Nicole J. , Phillips Fred M. , Knott Jeffrey R. , Sada Donald W. , Rademacher Laura , Frisbee Marty , Hedlund Brian P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the ecological significance of desert springs, little is known about relationships between spring hydrogeochemistry and ecology, particularly over multiple trophic levels. Here, we surveyed microbial communities (bacteria and archaea) and benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) communities in springs that recharge through granitoid bedrock in Owens Valley, CA, to determine whether subtle geochemical differences imparted by metamorphosed roof pendant weathering in the source area affect spring ecosystems. Relative to other springs, roof‐pendant‐recharged springs were characterized by elevated (1) Ca2+/Na+, Ca2+/Mg2+, and divalent/monovalent cation ratios, (2) relative abundance of taxa inferred to be benthic aerobes and prosthecate/stalked bacteria, and (3) abundance and diversity of shredder and collector gatherer BMIs. These BMI feeding groups graze on biofilm communities and stimulate bacterial degradation of particulate organic matter, consistent with extensive bacteria–BMI connections in co‐occurrence networks in these springs. Springs not impacted by roof pendants were instead enriched with taxa inferred to be anaerobes, chemolithotrophs, and low‐diversity BMI communities with poor bacteria–BMI network connectivity. We speculate that excess Ca2+ derived from roof pendant weathering plays a key role in biofilm formation on coarse granite substrates, with subsequent trophic interactions between benthic microbial biofilms and diverse BMI shredders/collector gatherers.
Cascading effects of elephant–human interactions and the role of space and mobility in sustaining biodiversity
Authors: Western David , Mose Victor N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur study monitored the changes in elephant numbers, distribution, and ecological impacts over a 50‐year period. During this period, the free‐ranging intermingled movements of wildlife and traditional subsistence pastoralists across the Amboseli ecosystem were disrupted by a national park, livestock ranches, farms, settlements, and changing lifestyles and economies. Elephants compressed into the national park by poaching and settlement turned woodlands to grassland and shrublands, and swamps into short grazing lawns, causing a reduction of plant and herbivore diversity and resilience to extreme events. The results echo the ecological findings of high‐density elephant populations in protected areas across eastern and southern Africa. The impact has led to the view of elephants in parks as being incompatible with biodiversity and to population control measures. In contrast to Amboseli National Park, we found woody vegetation grew and plant diversity fell in areas abandoned by elephants. We therefore used naturalistic and exclosure experiments to determine the density‐dependent response of vegetation to elephants. We found plant richness to peak at the park boundary where elephants and livestock jostled spatially, setting up a creative browsing‐grazing tension that caused a patchwork of habitats and peak of plant richness. Prehistorical and historical literature reviews lend support to the Amboseli findings that elephants and people, the two dominant keystone species in the savannas, have been intimately entangled and coexisted prior to the global ivory trade and colonialism. The findings point to the need to view specific elephant populations in historical perspective and, as far as possible, create connectivity beyond protected areas to allow mobility on an ecosystem and landscape scale. The Amboseli study underscores the significance of space and mobility in the keystone role of elephants, and community‐based conservation as a way to foster coexistence at an ecosystem and landscape scale. Space and mobility also alleviate the ecological disruption of compressed populations, and minimizes population management.
Synthesis of Substituted Indazole Acetic Acids by N−N Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Odell Luke R. , Skillinghaug Bobo , Matt Christof , Wu Peng , Koolmeister Tobias , Desroses Matthieu , Llona‐Minguez Sabin , Wallner Olov , Helleday Thomas , Scobie Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, we report on the discovery and development of novel cascade N−N bond forming reactions for the synthesis of rare indazole acetic acid scaffolds. This approach allows for convenient synthesis of three distinct indazole acetic acid derivatives (unsubstituted, hydroxy, and alkoxy) by heating 3‐amino‐3‐(2‐nitroaryl)propanoic acids with an appropriate nucleophile/solvent under basic conditions. The reaction tolerates a range of functional groups and electronic effects and, in total, 23 novel indazole acetic acids were synthesized and characterized. This work offers a valuable strategy for the synthesis of useful scaffolds for drug discovery programs.
Dielectric polarization‐mediated efficient solute mixing: Effect of the geometrical configuration of polarizing blocks
Authors: Pandey Doyel , Mondal Pranab Kumar , Wongwises Somchai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel technique, consistent with the induced charge electrokinetic (ICEK) phenomenon, for the efficient mixing of solute species at a microfluidic scale. A nonuniform bipolar electric double layer develops in the presence of an external electric field over a polarizable object is better known as the ICEK phenomenon. This ICEK is one of the most favorable techniques preferred for enhanced solute mixing in on‐chip microfluidic platforms. In the purview of the ICEK phenomenon, instead of using perfectly conducting polarizable objects, for the first time in this study, we employ polarizable dielectric objects of different sizes and shapes for efficient mixing of solute species. We show that different types of vortices developed in the flow pathway adjacent to the polarizable dielectric blocks help in yielding efficient mixing in the proposed configuration. The novelty of our work is embellished in two different perspectives, that is, first, concentrating on the influences of the physical properties of the polarizable dielectric block on the underlying mixing, and, second, focusing on their sizes, shapes, and the arrangements in tuning the underlying mixing phenomena.
Pharmacological aspects of antiseizure medications: From basic mechanisms to clinical considerations of drug interactions and use of therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Johannessen Landmark Cecilie , Eyal Sara , Burns Margrete Larsen , Franco Valentina , Johannessen Svein I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAntiseizure medications (ASMs) are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with epilepsy. Several new ASMs have recently been introduced to the market, making it possible to better tailor the treatment of epilepsy, as well as other indications (psychiatry and pain disorders). For this group of drugs there are numerous pharmacological challenges, and updated knowledge on their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties is, therefore, crucial for an optimal treatment outcome. This review focuses on educational approaches to the following learning outcomes as described by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE): To demonstrate knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, drug interactions with ASMs and with concomitant medications, and appropriate monitoring of ASM serum levels (therapeutic drug monitoring, TDM). Basic principles in pharmacology, pharmacokinetic variability, and clinically relevant approaches to manage drug interactions are discussed. Furthermore, recent improvements in analytical technology and sampling are described. Future directions point to the combined implementation of TDM with genetic panels for proper diagnosis, pharmacogenetic tests where relevant, and the use of biochemical markers that will all contribute to personalized treatment. These approaches are clinically relevant for an optimal treatment outcome with ASMs in various patient groups.
Outcomes of resective surgery in pediatric patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy: A single‐center study from the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Mir Ali , Jallul Tarek , Alotaibi Faisal , Amer Fawzia , Najjar Ahmed , Alhazmi Rami , Al Faraidy Mona , Alharbi Alanoud , Aldurayhim Fatimah , Barnawi Zakia , Fallatah Bassam , Ali Mona , Almuhaish Husam , Almolani Fadhel , Suwailem Abdullah , Tuli Mahmoud , Naim Abdulrahman , Hassan Suad , Hedgcock Brent , Bostanji Ghadah , Bashir Shahid , AlBaradie Raidah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy surgery is widely accepted as an effective therapeutic option for carefully selected patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). There is limited data on the outcome of epilepsy surgery, especially in pediatric patients from the Eastern Mediterranean region. Hence, we performed a retrospective study examining the outcomes of resective surgery in 53 pediatric patients with focal DRE.MethodsPatients with focal DRE who had undergone epilepsy surgery were included in the present study. All patients underwent a comprehensive presurgical evaluation. Postoperative seizure outcomes were classified using the Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale.ResultsAfter surgery, 33 patients (62.2%) were Class I according to the Engel classification of surgical outcomes; eight patients (15.0%) were Class II, 11 (20.7%) were Class III, and one (1.8%) was Class IV. The relationships of presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical clinical variables to seizure outcomes were compared. Older age at seizure onset, older age at the time of surgery, the presence of focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, seizure duration over 2 minutes, unsuccessful treatment with three or fewer antiseizure medications, lesions confined to one lobe (as demonstrated via magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), surgical site in the temporal lobe, and histopathology including developmental tumors were significantly linked to an Engel Class I outcome. A univariate analysis of excellent surgical outcomes showed that lateralized semiology, localized interictal and ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) discharges, lateralized single‐photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography findings, and temporal lobe resections were significantly related to excellent seizure outcomes.SignificanceThe results of our study are encouraging and similar to those found in other centers around the world. Epilepsy surgery remains an underutilized treatment for children with DRE and should be offered early.
One‐dimensional carbon based nanoreactor fabrication by electrospinning for sustainable catalysis
Authors: He Fagui , Wang Yiyan , Liu Jian , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn efficient and economical electrocatalyst as kinetic support is key to electrochemical reactions. For this reason, chemists have been working to investigate the basic changing of chemical principles when the system is confined in limited space with nanometer‐scale dimensions or sub‐microliter volumes. Inspired by biological research, the design and construction of a closed reaction environment, namely the reactor, has attracted more and more interest in chemistry, biology, and materials science. In particular, nanoreactors became a high‐profile rising star and different types of nanoreactors have been fabricated. Compared with the traditional particle nanoreactor, the one‐dimensional (1D) carbon‐based nanoreactor prepared by the electrospinning process has better electrolyte diffusion, charge transfer capabilities, and outstanding catalytic activity and selectivity than the traditional particle catalyst which has great application potential in various electrochemical catalytic reactions.
Application of inclined big‐diameter jet grouting for urban tunnel construction in Vietnam
Authors: Le Hanh Quang , Do Phong Ngoc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUrban tunnel construction is often performed in congested areas with many buildings and historical structures nearby. With respect to developing countries, such as Vietnam, the lack of as‐built drawings of existing buildings is a big challenge for urban tunnel development. There are a lot of private buildings in downtown are low rise, with many kinds of shallow foundations (from bamboo bar, brick mat, lean concrete mat, pre‐casted concrete piles…) that add to the challenge of finding correct data. Consequently, one must find suitable and reasonable technology for the soil strengthening works in order to prevent the harmful impacts to the third ‐party properties and the tunnel structure itself. This paper introduces the inclined big‐diameter jet‐grouted column (iBDJ) technique that was recently applied with success in Hanoi Metro Line No3 project in Vietnam. This technique for protecting historical sensitive buildings that are in fuzzy of foundation information can be extended to urban tunnel projects in Vietnam and other countries which have similar conditions.
Lessons learned from the hospital to home community care program in Singapore and the supporting AI multiple readmissions prediction model
Authors: Abisheganaden John , Lee Kheng Hock , Low Lian Leng , Shum Eugene , Goh Han Leong , Ang Christine Gia Lee , Ta Andy Wee An , Miller Steven M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a prior practice and policy article published in Healthcare Science, we introduced the deployed application of an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict longer‐term inpatient readmissions to guide community care interventions for patients with complex conditions in the context of Singapore's Hospital to Home (H2H) program that has been operating since 2017. In this follow on practice and policy article, we further elaborate on Singapore's H2H program and care model, and its supporting AI model for multiple readmission prediction, in the following ways: (1) by providing updates on the AI and supporting information systems, (2) by reporting on customer engagement and related service delivery outcomes including staff‐related time savings and patient benefits in terms of bed days saved, (3) by sharing lessons learned with respect to (i) analytics challenges encountered due to the high degree of heterogeneity and resulting variability of the data set associated with the population of program participants, (ii) balancing competing needs for simpler and stable predictive models versus continuing to further enhance models and add yet more predictive variables, and (iii) the complications of continuing to make model changes when the AI part of the system is highly interlinked with supporting clinical information systems, (4) by highlighting how this H2H effort supported broader Covid‐19 response efforts across Singapore's public healthcare system, and finally (5) by commenting on how the experiences and related capabilities acquired from running this H2H program and related community care model and supporting AI prediction model are expected to contribute to the next wave of Singapore's public healthcare efforts from 2023 onwards. For the convenience of the reader, some content that introduces the H2H program and the multiple readmissions AI prediction model that previously appeared in the prior Healthcare Science publication is repeated at the beginning of this article.
A case of adrenal myelolipoma complicated with Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Inoue Toru , Todaka Masahiro , Nakazono Yuichi , Fukata Yoko , Shin Toshitaka 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPrader‐Willi syndrome is a congenital disorder that occurs in one in 10 000–30 000 children and is characterized by obesity, short stature, and intellectual disability.Case presentationA 24‐year‐old male patient with Prader‐Willi syndrome presented with an enlarged adrenal tumor. Computed tomography detected a well‐defined mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an increased signal intensity predominantly in fatty areas, suggesting adrenal myelolipoma. Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient developed mild pulmonary atelectasis, myelolipoma was confirmed by histopathology, and there was no recurrence at approximately 2 years postoperatively.ConclusionThis is the first report of Prader‐Willi syndrome complicated with adrenal myelolipoma, which was removed laparoscopically.
COVID‐19: A systematic review of prediction and classification techniques
Authors: Varma Om Ramakisan , Kalra Mala , Kirmani Sheeraz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 has affected more than 760 million people all over the world, as per the latest record of the WHO. The rapid proliferation of COVID‐19 patients not only created a health emergency but also led to an economic crisis. An early and accurate diagnosis of COVID‐19 can help in combating this deadly virus. In line with this, researchers have proposed several machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques for detecting COVID‐19 since 2020. This article presents currently available manual diagnosis methods along with their limitations. It also provides an extensive survey of ML and DL techniques that can support medical professionals in the precise diagnosis of COVID‐19. ML methods, namely K‐nearest neighbor, support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network, decision tree, naive bayes, and DL methods, viz. deep neural network, convolutional neural network (CNN), region‐based convolutional neural network, and long short‐term memories, are explored. It also provides details of the latest COVID‐19 open‐source datasets, consisting of x‐ray and computed tomography scan images. A comparative analysis of ML and DL techniques developed for COVID‐19 detection in terms of methodology, datasets, sample size, type of classification, performance, and limitations is also done. It has been found that SVM is the most frequently used ML technique, while CNN is the most commonly used DL technique for COVID‐19 detection. The challenges of an existing dataset have been identified, including size and quality of datasets, lack of labeled datasets, severity level, data imbalance, and privacy concerns. It is recommended that there is a need to establish a benchmark dataset that overcomes these challenges to enhance the effectiveness of ML and DL techniques. Further, hurdles in implementing ML and DL techniques in real‐time clinical settings have also been highlighted. In addition, the motivation noticed from the existing methods has been considered for extending the research with an optimized DL model, which attained improved performance using statistical and deep features. The optimized deep model performs better than 90% based on efficient features and proper classifier tuning.
Intelligent language analysis method for multi‐sensor data fusion
Authors: Han Tengxiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLanguage intelligence analysis oriented to multi‐sensor data fusion is of great significance for language analysis in real scenarios. On the one hand, intelligent language analysis technology can greatly improve the performance of applications such as information retrieval and machine translation, and provide technical support for semantic‐level applications. On the other hand, each language has its own unique characteristics, and the advancement of the language system through language analysis technology is of great benefit to natural language analysis. In this letter, an intelligent language analysis method for multi‐sensor data fusion is elaborated. Specifically, the Kalman filter algorithm is combined to perform the first preprocessing filter fusion on multi‐sensor data. Then, the deep learning model is used to design a language analysis model using Bidirectional Long‐Short Memory Neural Networks (Bi‐LSTM) to obtain deep fusion of multi‐sensor data. In the experiment, the multi‐sensors are used to collect real language data and public language datasets for verification, and the results show the effectiveness of the method proposed in this letter in terms of syntactic label classification.
Roles of engagement: Analyzing adolescent students' talk during controversial discussions
Authors: Al‐Adeimi Shireen , Baumann Jennie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDialogic talk affords students opportunities to share ideas and co‐construct knowledge while developing various literacy skills such as perspective taking, text comprehension, and argumentative reasoning. In this study, we examine how seventh‐ and eighth‐grade students in four classrooms discuss a controversial topic about changing a National Football League team's controversial name and analyze their discursive roles using thematic content analysis. We provide dynamic profiles of student speakers, including those who take on primary, secondary, tertiary, and periphery roles within discussions. We also discuss how these roles shift and provide implications for teachers who engage students dialogically around controversial, yet essential, topics.