bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Ionic Liquid Additive for Perovskite Solar Cells: Surface Modification, Hole Transport Layer Doping, and Green Solvent Processing
Authors: Jeong Seong‐Jin , Park Sung Hwan , Yun Siwon , Li Meng Qiang , Kim Dasol , Kim Yongchan , Chang Yun Hee , Lee Jaewon , Lim Jongchul , Yang Tae‐Youl 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHole‐transport layers (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an n‐i‐p structure are commonly doped by bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI) salts to enhance hole conduction. While lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) dopant is a widely used and effective dopant, it has significant limitations, including the need for additional solvents and additives, environmental sensitivity, unintended oxidation, and dopant migration, which can lead to lower stability of PSCs. A novel ionic liquid, 1‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (MMPyTFSI), is explored as an alternative dopant for 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD). MMPy ions act as a surface passivator, reducing defects on the perovskite surface, while TFSI ions facilitate p‐type doping. MMPyTFSI functions as an efficient dopant, maintaining excellent performance even when tetrahydrofuran (THF) is utilized as a solvent in place of chlorobenzene (CB), while significantly reducing the environmental impact of the process. The optimized PSC achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.10% and demonstrates enhanced long‐term stability in all aging tests for over 1000 h in a humid atmosphere, at high temperature, and under simulated sunlight illumination. These results demonstrate that MMPyTFSI is an effective and environmentally friendly dopant for producing stable and efficient PSCs.
From Experimental Values to Predictive Models: Machine Learning‐Driven Energy Level Determination in Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Bertrandie Jules , Noyan Mehmet Alican , Hernandez Luis Huerta , Sharma Anirudh , Baran Derya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe precise determination of ionization energy (IE) and electron affinity (EA) is crucial for the development and optimization of organic semiconductors (OSCs). These parameters directly impact the performance of organic electronic devices. Experimental techniques to measure IE and EA, such as UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and low‐energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (LE‐IPES), are accurate but resource‐intensive and limited by their availability. Computational approaches, while beneficial, often rely on gas‐phase calculations that fail to capture solid‐state phenomena, leading to discrepancies in practical applications. In this work, machine learning methods are used to develop a chained model for estimating solid‐state IE and EA values. By implementing a transfer learning strategy, the challenge of limited experimental data is effectively addressed, utilizing a large database of intermediate properties to enhance model training. The efficacy of this model is demonstrated through its performance achieving mean absolute errors of 0.13 and 0.14 eV for IE and EA, respectively. The model has also been tested on an external validation dataset comprising newly measured molecules. These findings highlight the potential of machine learning in OSC research, significantly enhancing property accessibility and accelerating molecular design and discovery.
Rapid formation of abiotic CO2 after adding phenolic gallic acid, to agricultural soils
Authors: Halvorson Jonathan J. , Jin Virginia L. , Liebig Mark A. , Schmidt Michael A. , Hagerman Ann E. , Luciano Roberto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAbiotic efflux of CO2 from soil is typically attributed to weathering of carbonates but also arises from concurrent oxidation of organic matter and reduction of metal oxides. Little is known, however, about the magnitude of the latter reaction in soil environments. We observed rapid formation of CO2 from soils treated with a simple phenolic acid (gallic acid, [GA]), consistent with redox reactions catalyzed by Mn or Fe oxide. We measured CO2 formed during 4‐h incubations of soil from different management systems (n = 5), archived benchmark soils (n = 18), and samples of reagent‐grade metal oxides (n = 4). Treatments included water, pH 4 phthalate buffer, glucose (0.029 M), or GA (0.025 M). Little CO2 was formed when samples were treated with water or glucose, but CO2 quickly evolved with GA. Adding buffer elicited CO2 in some samples. Soil from a 5‐year rotation produced less net CO2 (p ≤ 0.05) than other crop rotations or pasture. Net responses from benchmark samples ranged broadly. The CO2 from some soils was attributable to an acid‐carbonate reaction, while for other soils CO2 was inferred to derive from oxidation of GA by metal oxides. Unlike other tested oxides, Mn(IV) oxide produced a CO2 response similar to that seen in soil. Redox reactions producing CO2 can occur in a variety of soils after inputs of GA, a simple phenolic constituent of root exudates, and be influenced by management. Such processes, catalyzed by Mn(IV) oxide, might be significant abiotic sources of CO2 from agricultural land.
Evaluating Minimal Residual Disease Negativity as a Surrogate Endpoint for Treatment Efficacy in Multiple Myeloma: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Filippatos Charalampos , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Anastasios , Malandrakis Panagiotis , Kastritis Efstathios , Tsitsilonis Ourania E. , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Terpos Evangelos , Gavriatopoulou Maria 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis meta‐analysis examined the association between minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity and survival outcomes in 15 304 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) enrolled in randomized controlled trials published until June 2, 2024. Overall, there was a significant, negative and strong association between MRD negativity odds ratios and survival hazard ratios (β_PFS = ‐0.20, p < 0.001, β_OS = ‐0.12, p = 0.023). These associations remained significant for newly diagnosed patients (β_PFS = ‐0.35, p < 0.001), and they were consistent but not significant for relapsed/refractory patients (β_PFS = ‐0.06, p = 0.635). Sustained MRD negativity at 1 year was strongly correlated with prolonged PFS (β_PFS = ‐0.30, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this comprehensive meta‐analysis supports MRD as a surrogate for survival in MM.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 2‐Hydroxymethylaziridines by Copper‐Catalyzed Sulfonylative Desymmetrization of 2‐Amino‐1,3‐Diols
Authors: Yamamoto Kosuke , Sakata Eibu , Uehara Anri , Kuriyama Masami , Onomura Osamu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn enantioselective protocol for the synthesis of 2‐hydroxymethylaziridines with a tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter have been established through the copper‐catalyzed asymmetric desymmetrization of 2‐substituted 2‐amino‐1,3‐diol derivatives by monosulfonylation. The present transformation consists of a reaction sequence involving the enantioselective monosulfonylation of 2‐amino‐1,3‐diols and the intramolecular ring closure of the resultant monosulfonylated products, which provides an efficient and straightforward entry to optically active 2‐substituted 2‐hydroxymethylaziridines. The potential synthetic utility of the present reaction is exemplified by the derivatization of the obtained aziridines into a variety of nitrogen‐containing molecules such as amino alcohols and functionalized aziridine derivatives with high enantiopurities.
ADNI: Two decades of impact and the path forward
Authors: Weiner Michael W 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has made many important contributions to the development of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) disease modifying treatments and diagnostic biomarkers. Since its funding in 2004 by the National Institutes of Aging, the goal of ADNI has been the validation of biomarkers for AD treatment trials.ADNI has enrolled over 2,400 participants in the USA and Canada for longitudinal clinical, cognitive, and biomarker studies. A major accomplishment is that ADNI data has been widely used for the design and of Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, including Aducanumab, Lecanemab, and Donanemab. In addition, ADNI first demonstrated the feasibility of multisite amyloid PET scans leading to FDA approval for amyloid imaging. ADNI MRI and PET standardized protocols, widely used by academe and industry, have allowed the efficient collection of large image databases, with many thousands of MRI and PET scans. ADNI demonstrated the feasibility of multisite lumbar punctures and validated CSF amyloid and tau, leading to FDA approved CSF diagnosis. ADNI demonstrated relationships between clinical decline and amyloid, the role of tau in driving cognitive decline, showing the feasibility of prevention studies such as A4, AHEAD, and TrailblazerAlz3.ADNI provides all de‐identified data to the scientific community without embargo through the ADNI website adni.loni.usc.edu, leading to over 5,500 publications. The ADNI public‐private partnership model for large multisite studies provided the inspiration for many studies including: DIAN, PPMI, ALL FDT, 4RTNI, LEADS and others. ADNI’s Diversity Task Force greatly increased enrollment of under‐represented participants.Lack of inclusion of under‐represented people (especially Black and Latino adults) is a major problem for clinical trials. Our current goal is to enroll at least 50% of new participants from under‐represented groups using a culturally engaged approach with digital marketing campaigns, web‐based screening, and remote blood collection for plasma AD biomarkers. ADNI will continue to develop AD clinical trials for the future, leading to the prevention of AD symptoms and dementia.
Awe Walks Improve Quality of Life, Attention, Orientation, Mood & Social Behaviour in Dementia: A One Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Sheth Akshata , Bennett Cathlyn 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundResearch has consistently shown decreased quality of life (QoL) in people with dementia, with predictors of QoL ranging from education to emotional status. This study, along with a one year follow‐up study, investigated the impact of Awe Walks as an intervention targeting emotional status for the first time in dementia. Awe—a positive emotion elicited when in the presence of vast things not immediately understood—promotes social connection and fosters well‐being by encouraging a “small self”.MethodParticipants with dementia between the ages of 60 and 85 took biweekly 15‐min outdoor walks for 4 weeks; a total of 53 participants were matched and randomly assigned either to an awe walk group, which oriented them to experience awe during their walks, or to a waitlist control group. Pre‐ and post‐intervention measures of QoL, cognitive functioning, behavioural pathology relevant to daily functioning, and clinical global impression were completed.ResultCompared to degenerative deterioration in controls, individuals who participated in the Awe Walk intervention exhibited greater improvements in QoL, attention, orientation, mood, and social behaviour.ConclusionThese results suggest cultivating awe enhances positive emotions that improve quality of life and diminishes negative emotions that hasten decline. An intervention such as this, cost‐effective and simply executed in the long term, has important implications for providing quality care to this population served by neuropsychologists.
Basal Ganglia Mechanical Stiffness is Associated with Fluid Intelligence in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kramer Mary K , Delgorio Peyton L , Diano Alexa M , McIlvain Grace , Twohy Kyra E , Bailey Olivia M , Cohen Matthew L. , Lanzi Alyssa M , Martens Christopher R. , Johnson Curtis L 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an MRI technique that uses mild, externally applied vibrations to quantify the mechanical properties of tissues in vivo. MRE measures, such as stiffness, have been shown to be sensitive to changes in brain health with aging and neurodegeneration. Here we used MRE to characterize differences in brain mechanical properties between individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and cognitively unimpaired subjects (CU).MethodA cohort of 67 cognitively unimpaired subjects (21M/46F; 60‐82y) and a cohort of 34 subjects with aMCI (11M/23F; 60‐89y) completed an MRE scan to assess their brain mechanical properties. From this, we quantified basal ganglia (BG) stiffness in each subject including the caudate, pallidum, putamen, and nucleus accumbens. Subjects also completed the NIH toolbox cognition battery from which we examined fluid cognition composite score, which reflects logic and reasoning skills.ResultWe found a significant group difference in stiffness of the basal ganglia (BG). Interestingly, aMCI subjects had significantly higher BG stiffness than CUs (2.99 vs. 2.89 kPa, p<0.05; Figure 1). Within the aMCI group, BG stiffness was positively correlated with fluid cognitive score (r=0.48, p<0.01; Figure 2), where higher scores were associated with greater stiffness; the same relationship in the CU group was not statistically significant.ConclusionHigher BG stiffness found in the aMCI group may reflect aspects of aMCI pathology and progression that MRE can sensitively detect. Most MRE studies report that healthy brains are associated with higher stiffness than those with neurodegenerative pathology, with our previous work showing that aMCI participants had softer hippocampi than age‐matched CUs (Delgorio, 2023). Our findings in the BG are surprising in this context but may indicate a compensatory mechanism that occurs during early progression of aMCI and results in increased stiffness, which was previously suggested by Murphy (2016). Here we also provide the first evidence that higher BG stiffness in aMCI is associated with better cognitive function, which further points to higher stiffness being compensatory rather than pathological. The neurobiological basis of this compensatory increase in BG stiffness of aMCI subjects requires further study but could be influenced by acute neuroinflammatory processes.
Comparison of eligibility criteria and baseline characteristics between the patient populations of evoke and evoke+, Clarity AD, and TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ‐2
Authors: Feldman Howard H. , Scheltens Philip , Hansson Oskar , Sano Mary , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Bardtrum Lars , Johannsen Peter , Jeppesen Rose , Leon Teresa , Hansen Charlotte T. , Cummings Jeffrey L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundevoke and evoke+ are phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials currently investigating the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist semaglutide as disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) in persons with early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). How the evoke and evoke+ trial populations compare with other phase 3 programs for DMTs in early AD has not been described.MethodWe compare the inclusion/exclusion criteria and baseline characteristics of the evoke/evoke+ trial populations with those of Clarity AD (lecanemab) and TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ‐2 (donanemab): two recent phase 3 trials assessing anti‐amyloid monoclonal antibodies in persons with early AD. A descriptive comparison is presented. Data cleaning of the randomized study populations of 3,806 participants in evoke/evoke+ is ongoing.ResultFrom Table 1, the four trials reported a total randomized sample of 7,337 participants. The broadest age range was in Clarity AD (50‐90 years vs 55‐85 years in evoke/evoke+ and 60‐85 years in TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ‐2). Race and ethnicity differed across trials, with the highest absolute number of non‐White participants in evoke/evoke+ (741 vs 402 in Clarity AD and 148 in TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ‐2; US Hispanic participation, 23.6% in evoke/evoke+ vs 11.4% in TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ‐2). Cognitive inclusion criteria also differed: evoke/evoke+ and Clarity AD required deficits in episodic memory at screening (based on WMS IV–Logical Memory II test and Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status Delayed Memory Index, respectively). Mild cognitive impairment and mild AD dementia in evoke/evoke+ is defined by a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) global score of 0.5 and 1.0, respectively. All studies required participants to demonstrate amyloid positivity. TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ‐2 included tau pathology by positron emission tomography (PET) at screening, with low tau pathology the most frequent reason for study exclusion. The TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ‐2 population had more impairment on CDR‐Sum of Boxes, Mini‐Mental State Examination, and CDR global.ConclusionAll four studies targeted biologically defined early‐stage AD patients but differed in cognitive inclusion criteria. TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ‐2 differed from evoke, evoke+ and Clarity AD in having more impaired patients and using tau PET for staging. A higher number of non‐White participants were included in evoke, evoke+ and Clarity AD vs TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ‐2. Data for evoke and evoke+ are still subject to cleaning.
Plasma Protein Biomarkers for the Cognitive Functions in Women Living with HIV
Authors: Li Wei , Rubin Leah H , Xu Yanxun H , Wang Ge , Li Daniel , Vance David E 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIndividual plasma protein biomarkers have been shown to correlate with cognitive performance in people with HIV. This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma proteomic signatures and cognition in virologically well‐controlled women with HIV.Method77 women with HIV from three Women's Interagency Study (WIHS) sites completed neuropsychological testing and a blood draw. Targeted protein biomarkers were analyzed using a multiplexing method. Random forest analysis was used to identify the top 10 biomarkers that positively or negatively associated with domain‐specific or global neuropsychological function. Next, ingenuity pathway analysis was used to facilitate data interpretation.ResultPlasma protein biomarkers are either related to domain‐specific or overall cognition: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF RI), TNF‐RII, interleukin 1 receptor 1 (IL‐1RI), and IL‐6R are negatively associated with attention/working memory; IL‐7 and CD40 are positively associated with executive function; IL‐1RI, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor beta‐1(TGFβ1), TGFβ2, and sonic hedgehog (SHH) are negatively associated but IL‐7 is positively associated with fluency; IL‐9, IL‐15, and IL‐21R are positively associated with motor function; Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), HGF, SHH, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are negatively associated with processing speed. HGF, VEGF, and insulin are negatively associated with global neuropsychological function. Based on the ingenuity pathway analysis, one to three signaling networks were proposed for associating plasma biomarkers with each domain‐specific or global neuropsychological function.ConclusionIt is likely that a panel of plasma protein biomarkers can be used to predict domain‐specific or global neuropsychological function. Multiple signaling networks might explain cognitive functions in Women with HIV.
Study on the care burden and influencing factors of family caregivers for demented older people in China
Authors: Sun Ning 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTo understand the current situation of the care burden of elderly caregivers in the community and explore the influencing factors.Method100 family caregivers in community were assessed using the General information questionnaire and Home Caregiver Burden Scale (CBI) in Ningbo City In China.ResultsThe care burden’s average scores of 100 family caregivers in community was 52.36±12.08, with a score of 58.10%. Multiple regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the care burden included the severity of dementia in the elderly, whether there were accidents in the past year and the monthly income of the family (P<0.05, P<0.01).ConclusionThere is a certain degree of care burden for the family caregivers of the demented elderly in the community. It is necessary to strengthen the concern for the family caregivers of the demented elderly in the community, and the guidance of the dementia nursing intervention and the self‐life intervention guidance of the caregiver in the community. The burden of care can be reduced by improving their care capacity.
Eye Adult Changes in Thought (Eye ACT) study: Settings and report on the inaugural cohort
Authors: Ferguson Alina N , Takahashi Missy , Pope Beth , Schaaf Beverly , Cooper Julie , Kam Jason , Brush Michael , Gibbons Laura E. , Lee Aaron Y , Arteburn David , Larson Eric B , Crane Paul K. , Lee Cecilia S ,   the Eye ACT study
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the settings and compare demographic and baseline clinical factors of the inaugural Eye Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study participants.MethodAdult Changes in Thought (ACT) is an ongoing cohort study of older adults (≥ 65 years) randomly recruited from Kaiser Permanente Washington who were cognitively normal at enrollment and followed biennially for the onset of Alzheimer’s disease since 1994. Cognitive testing included the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument scored using Item Response Theory (CASI‐IRT) with other measures of cognition. Since December 2021, the Eye ACT study has recruited from the parent ACT study and assessed visual function, intraocular pressure, and multimodal retinal imaging. Eye ACT is unique because participants may be evaluated at the research clinic or in their homes. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of Eye ACT versus parent ACT participants, and within Eye ACT, participants seen in research clinics versus those seen at home.ResultCompared to current ACT participants (N=1868), Eye ACT participants (N=330) were younger, newer to ACT, and had more years of education at ACT enrollment. At their latest assessment, Eye ACT participants reported better cardiovascular health (lower rates of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension, p‐values all <0.05) and had lower rates of visual impairment (12% vs. 22%, p<0.001) and age‐related macular degeneration (18% vs. 25%, p=0.02). At their first Eye ACT visit, people seen at home (N=30) were older (mean age 77.2 vs. 74.9, p=0.015), more likely to be female (60% vs. 49%, p=0.026), and had significantly worse visual acuity (71.1 vs. 78.9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters, p<0.001) and contrast sensitivity (‐1.85 vs. ‐2.06 mean log units at 3 cycles per degree [CPD], p=0.002) compared to those seen in clinic (N=300). CASI‐IRT scores and optical coherence measurements were similar between the two groups.ConclusionEye ACT home visit participants had significantly decreased visual function measures compared to research clinic participants. Home visits enable data collection from participants who are often underrepresented in dementia research and may have different dementia risk profiles. Functional measurements of retinal health and study settings are important considerations when evaluating potential retinal biomarkers of dementia.