bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure and Private Healthcare Analytics: A Feasibility Study of Federated Deep Learning with Personal Health Train
Authors: Zhang Chong , Choudhury Ananya , Volmer Leroy , Soest Johan , Bermejo Inigo , Dekker Andre , Gomes Aiara Lobo , Wee Leonard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective In this article, we aim to present a new open-source Federated Learning infrastructure by conducting several proof-of-concept experiments. We seek to prove the reliability of the infrastructure to develop global models without sharing private patient data.Materials and Methods We applied the Personal Health Train (PHT) principles using the Vantage6 software to train a neural network to classify head and neck cancer patients’ distant metastasis using federated learning algorithms in a privacy preserving manner. Head and neck cancer patient data from four cohorts were assigned to two data stations. During each training iteration, model weights were averaged and sent back to central node.Results We compared the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and model weights between the centralized and federated learning scenarios. The results showed that our federated infrastructure was able to achieve similar predicting power as in the centralized case. Different federated learning model weights aggregation methods were tested. The experiment results showed that federated learning models reached best performance when we aggregate model weights per epoch.Discussion and Conclusion PHT and FAIR data principles can efficiently calculate quality indicators in a privacy-preserving federated approach and the work can be scaled up both nationally and internationally. Despite this, application of the methodology was largely hampered by ELSI issues. However, the lessons learned from this study can provide other hospitals and researchers to adapt to the process easily and take effective measures in building quality of care infrastructures.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and compromised endothelial function in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Montazeri Zeinab , Hashemi-Madani Nahid , Iraji Hamed , Sohrabi Masoudreza , Shahmiri Fariba Alaei , Emami Zahra , Babaei Mohammad Reza , Malek Mojtaba , Khamseh Mohammad E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequently coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and synergistically contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a commonly used noninvasive test for assessing endothelial function. The main objective of this study was to explore FMD in patients with T2DM with and without NAFLD.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, conducted on people with T2DM, NAFLD was defined as controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score > 302 dB/m. Endothelial dysfunction was detected when arterial FMD of brachial artery was equal or less than 0.7%. Regression analyses were applied to assess factors associated with impaired FMD.
Result
A total of 147 patients (72 with NAFLD and 75 without NAFLD) were included in the final analysis. Patients with NAFLD were more likely to develop FMD ≤ 7% (77.8% vs 58.7%, P = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, NAFLD (OR = 2.581, 95% CI (1.18–5.62), P = 0.017) and hypertension (HTN) (OR = 3.114, 95% CI (1.31–7.35), P = 0.010) were associated with an increased risk of impaired FMD. However, female sex was associated with a decreased risk of impaired FMD (OR = 0.371, 95% CI (0.15–0.87), P = 0.024).
Conclusion
NAFLD is associated with endothelial dysfunction in people with T2DM. This risk is comparable with the risk imposed by HTN, highlighting the importance of screening and management of NAFLD in these patients.
Study of the effect of heat treatment of copper slag particles on abrasiveness for abrasive waterjet cutting
Authors: Barsukov Gennady , Zhuravleva Tatyana , Kozhus Olga 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The known studies of heat treatment of copper slag are mainly directed to the recovery of metals from copper slag at the melting temperature. The conditions of increasing the strength of copper slag grains as a result of transition from amorphous to crystalline state during heating have not been studied. That is why the paper presents studies of microhardness and cutting properties of copper slag particles after heat treatment. Treatment regimes were assigned after calorimetric measurements of phase transition from amorphous to crystalline state of copper slag grains under isothermal conditions. It was found that for copper slag grains crystallization proceeds in two stages. The first crystallization stage started at 762.6 ℃ (1035.75 K) and the second one at 795.1 ℃ (1068.25 K). Metallographic examination of microslides of copper slag grains after heat treatment at 800 ℃ showed that the HV microhardness value increased 1.5 times. It was found that the use of heat-treated copper slag grains for water jet cutting resulted in an accurate cut and smooth surface compared to the original abrasive. It has been revealed that heat treatment of amorphous copper slag contributed to the appearance of crystallites of sillimanite, pyrope, hematite, and zinc ferrite.
Predicting pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer using pharmacokinetic histogram features on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhang Chi , Xu Hao , Luo Hongbing , Wang Ai , Ren Jing , Liu Jieke , Zhou Peng , Xu Guohui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
To investigate the ability of pharmacokinetic histogram features of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and clinical-pathological biomarkers for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to NAC in breast cancer.
Methods
This retrospective study included 112 women with biopsy-proven breast malignancies from June 2019 to July 2020. The three-dimensional volume of interest tumors were drawn manually. A total of 51 pharmacokinetic histogram features were extracted and calculated for each participant from three pharmacokinetic parameters: Ktrans, Kep, and MaxSlope. Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test, logistic regression analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and Kendall's Tau-b correlation were performed. Clinical model, quantitative model, and combined model combining the pharmacokinetic histogram features and clinical-pathological factors for predicting pCR were constructed. The correlation between the clinical-pathological factors and independent risk pharmacokinetic histogram features was further observed.
Results
Simplified breast edema score (sBES), HER-2, Ki-67, KepMaximum, and KtransRange were identified as independent predictors of pCR. The quantitative model comprised of KepMaximum and KtransRange, as well as the combined model comprised of HER-2, KepMaximum, and KtransRange, demonstrated good diagnostic performance and surpassed the clinical model comprised of HER-2 and sBES (0.880 vs 0.734, P = 0.009; 0.915 vs 0.734, P < 0.001). Additionally, significant correlations were observed between KepMaximum and KtransRange and biologically aggressive clinical-pathological factors.
Conclusions
Using pharmacokinetic histogram features extracted from DCE-MRI improves the performance in predicting the pCR after NAC of breast cancer.
Rectus capitis lateralis muscle revisited: a histological study using human fetuses
Authors: Murakami Gen , Cho Kwang Ho , Kitamura Kei , Rodríguez-Vázquez Jose Francisco , Sato Tatsuo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground Rectus capitis lateralis muscle (RCLM) is located at the border between the ventral and dorsal muscle groups, but the nerve topographical anatomy around the muscle is obscure. Materials and Methods We observed the RCLM in histological sections of 12 midterm and 10 near-term fetal heads (9–18 and 26–40 weeks of gestational age). Results At midterm, the RCLM wrapped around the inferiorly protruding inferolateral corner of the cartilaginous occipital bone. The muscle was adjacent to, or even continued to, the intertransversarius muscle between the atlas and axis. At near-term, the jugular process of the occipital bone, that is, the RCLM upper insertion, was either cartilaginous or bony, depending on age. The process formed a collar supporting the internal jugular vein from the inferior side. Moreover, the muscle is tightly attached to or inserted into the venous wall itself. The cartilaginous jugular process was adjacent to Reichert’s cartilage, and the uppermost muscle fibers passed through a narrow space between these cartilages. The RCLM appeared to accelerate the jugular process elongation, resulting in complete union of the occipital and temporal bones. The ventral ramus of the first cervical nerve passed between the RCLM and rectus capitis anterior muscle to reach the longus capitis muscle. No nerve passed between the RCLM and the obliquus capitis superior muscle (a muscle at the suboccipital triangle). Conclusion The dorsoventral position of the RCLM seemed to correspond to the scalenus posterior muscle in a laminar arrangement of the cervical axial musculature.
Identification and characterization of colorectal-cancer-associated SNPs on the SMAD7 locus
Authors: Liu Zhao , Zhao Yihan , Song Hongli , Miao Huaxue , Wang Yingying , Tu Chuntian , Fu Tianyun , Qin Juliang , Du Bing , Qian Min , Ren Hua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified SMAD7 as a colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility gene. However, its underlying mechanism has not yet been characterized. This study screened fSNPs related to colorectal cancer through Reel-seq and obtained regulatory proteins on functional SNPs.
Methods The candidate functional SNPs on the SMAD7 locus were screened by Reel-seq method. Eight SNPs such as rs8085824 were identified as functional SNPs by luciferase reporter assay and EMSA, SDCP-MS and AIDP-WB revealed that HNRNPK can specifically bind to the rs8085824-C allele. The knockdown of HNRNPK by RNAi proved that HNRNPK could affect cell function by regulating SMAD7.
Results Eight functional SNPs (fSNPs) was found on the SMAD7 locus in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with R2>0.8, i.e., rs12953717, rs7227023, rs34007497, rs58920878, rs8085824, rs4991143, rs4939826, and rs7227023. We also identified allele-imbalanced binding of HNRNPK to rs8085824, H1-3 to rs12953717, THOC6 to rs7227023, and DDX21 to rs58920878. Further functional analysis revealed that these proteins are the regulatory proteins that modulate the expression of SMAD7 in the human colorectal cancer cell line DLD1. In particular, we discovered that siRNA knockdown of HNRNPK inhibits cell proliferation and cell clonal formation by downregulating SMAD7, as the decreased cell proliferation and cell clonal formation in the siRNA HNRNPK knockdown cells was restored by SMAD7 overexpression.
Conclusion Our findings reveal a mechanism which underlies the contribution of the fSNP rs8085824 on the SMD7 locus to CRC susceptibility.
Create to Collaborate: using creative activity and participatory performance in online workshops to build collaborative research relationships
Authors: Malpass Alice , Breel Astrid , Stubbs Jo , Stevens Tassos , Maravala Persis-Jadé , Shipman Ellie , Gross Zoe Banks , Farr Michelle 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Creative methods/practices have been highlighted as helpful to develop more collaborative, equitable research partnerships between researchers and communities/ public-participants. We asked artist partners to design four online workshops, one on each research priority area: school environments and mental health, wellbeing within the Somali community, air pollution, health data. We aimed to understand whether creative processes can enable public-participants and researcher- participants to meet in a neutral space to discuss a research theme and begin to build collaborative relationships through level engagement. Ideas could be taken forwards with seed funding, providing opportunity for collaboration to continue beyond initial workshops.
Methods
Three artist partners designed and facilitated four workshops. Evaluation data was collected on each workshop using participatory observation and fieldnotes, alongside chatlog data, and one-to-one interviews with 21 workshop participants, providing a contextually rich, comparative evaluation across four diverse workshops. Analysis was thematically driven.
Results
Artist partners took different approaches to designing workshops. The workshops began with introductory games and activities, and there was less emphasis on introductions of people’s roles, aiming to create a more level starting position. Whilst public-participants enjoyed this, some researchers found it challenging and reported confusions over their workshop roles. Disrupting usual practice and challenging norms was not always an easy experience. There were examples where emergent, co-created knowledge was enabled. However, it was more challenging to facilitate longer-term collaborative research projects from the workshops due to different stakeholder priorities, and lack of staff time/ less sense of ownership for further work.
Conclusions
Creative activities can influence and impact the types of conversations between public-participants and researchers in a way that changes and challenges power dynamics, shifting towards public-participant driven discussion. Whilst deconstructing hierarchies is important, supporting researchers is key so that any discomfort can be productive and experienced as a vital part of co-production. Longer term collaborative research projects were limited, highlighting a need for facilitation beyond initial workshops, and a sense of ownership from workshop participants to take things forwards. Workshops like these may lend themselves well to research prioritisation. However, taking community-led ideas forwards within research funding landscapes remains challenging.
The abundance of harmful homozygous rare variants in children of consanguineous parents
Authors: Subramanian Sankar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Here we show that the individuals born of the union between double first cousins (paternal and maternal) had 20 times more deleterious homozygous rare Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) than those who had unrelated parents. Furthermore, the children of first cousins had ten times, and the children of second cousins had two times more of these SNVs compared to those present in the offspring of unrelated parents. These results suggest that the offspring of closely related parents could have a 2 to 20 times higher risk for rare recessive diseases than the children of unrelated parents.
Management of functional outcomes after radical prostatectomy in the Nordic countries: A survey of uro-oncological centers
Authors: Fode Mikkel , Nolsøe Alexander , Holm Henriette , Murtola Teemu , Østergren Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We aimed to describe the clinical practice regarding erectile dysfunction (ED) and urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy (RP) in the Nordic countries. A 37-item survey about pre- and post-RP evaluation and rehabilitation of sexual and urinary function was sent to 42 uro-oncology centers. Twenty-seven centers in Denmark (n = 6), Norway (n = 8), Finland (n = 7), and Sweden (n = 6) responded (64.3%). Post-RP sexual function was evaluated by 25 centers. The majority used validated questionnaires with significant variations across centers. Post-RP urinary function was evaluated by 24 centers. Again, the majority used a variety of validated questionnaires, while were 9 centers used objective measures including as uroflowmetry, residual urine volume, and daily pad usage. Twenty-one centers reported to offer sexual rehabilitation and 12 of these described their protocols. All centers administered PDE5Is and seven centers offered 2nd or 3rd line options. Two centers offered a consultation with a sexologist. Twenty-three centers provided pelvic floor muscle training via a physiotherapist and one center used medical support with duloxetine. Our study indicates a need for standardized evaluation and management of ED and UI following RP. Especially, there is a need for an increased focus on sexual rehabilitation with utilization of options other than a simple PDE5I.
Using spatial point process models, clustering and space partitioning to reconfigure fire stations layout
Authors: Bispo Regina , Vieira Francisca G. , Yokochi Clara , Marques Filipe J. , Espadinha-Cruz Pedro , Penha Alexandre , Grilo António 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fire stations (FS) are typically non-uniformly distributed across space and their service area is defined based on administrative boundaries. Since the location of FS may considerably influence the readiness and the effectiveness of the provided services, national and regional governments need research-based information to adequately plan where to establish firefighting facilities. In this study, we propose a method to reconfigure the fire stations layout using spatial point process models, clustering and space partitioning. First, modeling fire intensity variation across space throught a point process model enables to replicate the process independently by simulation. Subsequently, for each simulation, the k-means algorithm is used to define a sitting location, minimizing the total within distance between the fire occurrences and the new position. This method allows to obtain a set of locations from which the respective distribution is infered. Assuming a bivariate normal spatial distribution, we further define confidence sitting regions. Ultimately, new FS service areas are defined by Voronoi tesselation. To exemplify the application of the method, we apply it to reconfigure the fire station layout in Aveiro, Portugal.
Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of textile production effluents in Astyanax lacustris (Pisces, Characidae), before and after treatment through the vertical flow constructed wetland system
Authors: Silva Josiane Rodrigues Rocha , silva Cleiton Campos da , Zafra-Lemos Layon , Portela-Castro Ana Luiza Brito , Fernandes Carlos Alexandre 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Textile effluents have a complex physical, chemical, and biological composition, and may have mutagenic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic activity. Part of the dyes used in the textile industry is lost during the dyeing process and released into bodies of water, contaminating the aquatic environment. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the cyto/genotoxic effects of textile production effluents on Astyanax lacustris specimens, before and after treatment through the vertical flow constructed wetland system (VFCW). We tested 60 fish (five treatment conditions, four fish per condition, in triplicate). Fish were exposed to contaminants for 7 days. The assays used were biomarker analysis, the micronucleus (MN) test, analysis of cellular morphological changes (CMC), and the comet assay. The concentration of 5% v/v of raw textile effluent, and the effluents treated by VFCW, showed damage significantly different from the controls. The VFCW system proved to be efficient in reducing the physicochemical parameters of effluents from textile production. We conclude that the biodegradation of textile production effluents can be accomplished with VFCW.
Effect of local Management with and without lymph node dissection on overall survival of mice inducted with 4T1 breast cancer
Authors: Darani Morteza Yousefi , Darani Hossein Yousofi , Rakhshan Reza , Seraj mohammad , Bagherhosseini Najmeh , Hashemi Maryam Omrani , Fattahi Payam , Akbari Mohammadesmail 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction:In cancer cases, surgery is the effective treatment for removing the mass and evaluating the locoregional lymph nodes. The extension of lymph node dissection (LND) is a challenging question in cancer surgery. At present, limited lymph node dissection is a high topic accepted in breast cancer surgery. It is interesting to know that with limitations in lymph node dissection in breast cancer surgery, there are no animal studies on this topic. So, this study investigated local management with and without lymph node dissection on the overall survival (OS) of mice inducted with 4T1 breast cancer cells.Material & methods:Fifty-four inbred female Balb/C mice were divided into seven groups, except for group seven as the healthy control group; all were injected with 4T1 breast cancer cells. Ten (early diagnosis and management) and twenty days(late diagnosis and management) following injection, in groups 1 and 2, the leg was amputated above the knee; in groups 3 and 4, inguinal LND was done without amputation (AMP). In group five, the combination of AMP and LND was performed. Group six was only injected with tumor cells, and group seven was left intact without intervention. Finally, metastasis and survival time was evaluated.Results:Survival time in group 1, group 2 (local Management), and group 5 was significantly higher compared to the control group (P<0.005). Also, Group 1 had longer survival time than in group 2 (early local management better than delayed local management) and group 5 (P=0.018). AMP treatment significantly reduces the amount of breast tumor cell metastasis (P<0.002), while LND does not affect metastasis. Also, simultaneous treatment of leg AMP and LND reduces the metastasis rate of breast tumor cells (P<0.05).Conclusion:In solid tumors, the most effective step is removing cancer (local management) as soon as possible. Evaluating the regional lymph nodes is the next step. Lymph nodes should be removed if tumors involve lymph nodes. However, removing negative lymph nodes will not affect OS. More investigations are recommended in this field.
Reduction of Musculoskeletal Pain in First Postgraduate Year (PGY1) Medicine Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Improving Work Life with Laptop Ergonomics
Authors: Oh Gary Chee Seng , Le Dat , Abugattas Alonso Daniel , Gautam Vivek , Espiritu Neil , Samonte Enrique 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are a widely recognized problem among healthcare professionals. First postgraduate year (PGY1) students are particularly at risk of developing WRMSDs due to the demanding nature of their work. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an ergonomic intervention in reducing musculoskeletal pain among PGY1 and improving their work life.Methods This randomized control trial included participants from incoming first-year residents for the academic year 2022–2023. Exclusion criteria included daily medications for headaches, having a history of neck/spine pain injections, history of chronic pain, or already using laptop stands. Data collection utilized a Google Survey form incorporating pain scales at baseline, 3, and 6 months.Results Out of 57 potential candidates, 41 residents were eligible. Four subjects were lost due to dropout, transfer, or leaving the residency program, leaving 37 residents by the end. Significant differences (p < 0.05) among control and intervention are shown in shoulder pain, lower back pain, taller subjects with wrist/hand pain, and males with upper back pain. Trends (p < 0.10) existed with heavier subjects, males with upper back and wrist pain and taller subjects with headaches. The other differences in average pain scoring among different treatments, genders, weights, and heights was not statistically significant.Conclusion The study findings suggest that the intervention was effective in reducing shoulder, wrist, and lower back pain among residents. However, further research is needed to explore these outcomes.