bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between patient volume to cardiologist, process of care, and clinical outcomes in heart failure
Authors: Nishi Masahiro , Seki Tomotsugu , Shikuma Akira , Kawamata Hirofumi , Horiguchi Go , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsThe impact of hospital volume on clinical performance has been investigated by many researchers to date and thought that it is associated with quality of care and outcome for patients with heart failure (HF). This study sought to determine whether annual admissions of HF per cardiologist are associated with process of care, mortality, and readmission.Methods and resultsAmong the nationwide registry ‘Japanese registry of all cardiac and vascular diseases ‐ diagnostics procedure combination’ data collected from 2012 to 2019, a total of 1 127 113 adult patients with HF and 1046 hospitals were included in the study. Primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, and secondary outcome was 30 day in‐hospital mortality and readmission at 30 days and 6 months. Hospital and patient characteristics and process of care measures were also assessed. Mixed‐effect logistic regression and Cox proportional‐hazards model was used for multivariable analysis, and adjusted odds ratio and hazard ratio were evaluated. Process of care measures had inverse trends for annual admissions of HF per cardiologist (P < 0.01 for all measures: prescription rate of beta‐blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and anticoagulant for atrial fibrillation). Adjusted odds ratio for in‐hospital mortality was 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.08, P = 0.04) and 30 day in‐hospital mortality was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01–1.09, P = 0.01) for interval of 50 annual admissions of HF per cardiologist. Adjusted hazard ratio for 30 day readmission was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.08, P < 0.01) and 6 month readmission was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03–1.11, P < 0.01). Plots of the adjusted odds indicated 300 as the threshold of annual admissions of HF per cardiologist for substantial increase of in‐hospital mortality risk.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that annual admissions of HF per cardiologist are associated with worse process of care, mortality, and readmission with the threshold for mortality risk increased, emphasizing the optimal proportion of patients admitted with HF to cardiologist for better clinical performance.
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Chain‐Deuterated Sphingosine and Its Derivatization to Produce Ceramide, Sphinganine and Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate
Authors: Mu Yonghang , Wang Zi , Song Linhua , Ma Kun , Chen Yao , Li Peixun , Yan Zifeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSphingosine plays crucial roles in various cellular functions. Deuterated molecules are widely used as the important tools to explore the structure, property, and function of biochemical materials. We here report a gram‐scale synthesis of sphingosines with different deuterated chains. The synthesis started from different protiated fatty acids, which underwent hydrothermal platinum‐catalyzed hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange to produce the deuterated chains with different length. The Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) coupling of a chiral amino acid derivative with the deuterated chains generated the unsaturated ketone precursors. The following stereoselective reduction via cyclic Felkin–Anh transition led to the desired anti‐amino alcohol geometry. This efficient protocol enabled the gram‐scale synthesis of the chain‐deuterated sphingosines. The subsequent synthesis of the chain‐deuterated derivatives, i. e. ceramide, sphinganine and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, is also described. Their deuterium content was simultaneously characterized by 1H NMR and high‐resolution mass spectrum (HRMS).
Photoinduced Glycosylation Using a Diarylthiophene as an Organo Lewis Photoacid Catalyst
Authors: Otani Naoki , Higashiyama Kohei , Sakai Hayato , Hasobe Taku , Takahashi Daisuke , Toshima Kazunobu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHere reports an photoinduced glycosylation of trichloroacetimidate donors and several alcohols using 3,11‐dimethoxydinaphthothiophene as an organo Lewis photoacid catalyst upon long‐wavelength UV‐LED light (385 nm) irradiation. The reaction proceeded under mild reaction conditions smoothly to give the corresponding glycosides in good to high yields. In addition, the present glycosylation method was applicable to a wide range of trichloroacetimidate donors and acceptors. Furthermore, the dinaphthothiophene catalyst could be recovered and reused without any loss of efficiency. Moreover, this glycosylation method was applied successfully to the total synthesis of a biologically active natural product, cholesteryl 6‐O‐myristoyl‐α‐glucoside.
Speeding up SDS–PAGE: Theory and experiment
Authors: Koshkina Maria K. , Shelomov Mikhail D. , Pometun Anastasia A. , Savin Svyatoslav S. , Tishkov Vladimir I. , Atroshenko Denis L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to accelerate Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), here we propose an optimized version of the technique enabled by experimental tuning reinforced by theoretical description. In the resulting system, the gel buffer was diluted twofold and supplemented with glycine at a low concentration, whereas a higher voltage was applied. This approach reduced runtime from 90 to 18 min. It is important to emphasize that, despite the high voltage applied to the gel, the resolution of the bands did not decrease compared to the original Laemmli method. The proposed acceleration approach can be used in other variants of SDS–PAGE.
Enhancement of biogas yield from dual organic waste using hybrid statistical approach and its effects on ternary fuel blend (biodiesel/n‐butanol/diesel) powered diesel engine
Authors: Ahmad Aqueel , Yadav Ashok Kumar , Singh Achhaibar , Singh Dinesh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEconomic and environmental concerns have driven biofuel research in the last few decades. In order to this, biogas production is being encouraged on a worldwide scale to reduce carbon emissions and increase resource recovery from diversified wastes. The present contribution involves finding the best way to turn food waste and animal manure into biogas and its effective utilization in a dual‐fuel mode diesel engine. For the experimentation, a Taguchi approach was used to develop an L25 orthogonal array with three factors and five levels of parameters: cattle dung and food waste ratios, retention times, and digester temperatures. Using the response surface method (RSM), genetic algorithm (GA), and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), the biogas yield was optimized and compared to get the best optimization technique. Based on the specific goals of the study, GA is the best combination of parameters for producing biogas. The optimal condition for producing biogas was a cattle dung and food waste ratio of 0:100 (wt/wt %) with a retention time of 15 days and a digester temperature of 40°C, and the corresponding value of the biogas yield was 551.633 mL/day. Experiments were done to confirm this prediction. This study also intends to determine the viability of ternary fuel blends (microalgae biodiesel, n‐butanol additive, and diesel) as a pilot fuel and biogas as a primary fuel by changing their mass flow rates (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/h) in the CI engine. The D70BD20Bu10 ternary fuel blend with 1.5 kg/h of biogas flow rate was found to be an optimum blend due to its improved performance and emission characteristics compared to other tested fuels. This fuel blending improves brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 6.25% and reduces brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 2.14%. NOx and smoke emissions were both reduced by 58.22% and 54.59%, respectively. However, HC and CO emissions were on the higher side compared to diesel.
Contribution of bedrock structures to the bedrock surface topography and groundwater flow systems within deep glaciofluvial aquifers in Kurikka, Western Finland
Authors: Ruuska Eemi , Skyttä Pietari , Putkinen Niko , Valjus Tuire 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the key challenges related to glaciofluvial aquifers is understanding how the underlying bedrock structures and the associated bedrock surface topography contributed to the deposition of the glaciofluvial sediments and the generation of groundwater flow pathways. In this study from Western Finland, we present a new digital elevation model of the Precambrian crystalline bedrock surface buried up to 100 m beneath the glaciofluvial sediments along the Kurikka depression. We link bedrock topography to structural anisotropy using additional data from rock outcrops, boreholes and gravity data. Brittle deformation zones are seen in the bedrock‐digital elevation model (DEM) as sharp breaks in the rock surface. These vertical fracture zones contributed to the development of interlinked elongate bedrock depressions and delimit rock blocks with different elevations. A narrow, zigzagging trench, with a stepped floor, follows WNW‐ESE and NE‐SW oriented fracture zones and forms a major hydraulic connection between two major parts of the aquifer. Furthermore, the conductive fracture zones are conduits which connect the shallow glacifluvial aquifer system to deep groundwater in the bedrock. Understanding bedrock structures and buried topography is critical for successful groundwater modelling in crystalline, fractured bedrock.
Trends in post‐1950 riparian vegetation recovery in coastal catchments of NSW Australia: Implications for remote sensing analysis, forecasting and river management
Authors: Zhang Nuosha , Fryirs Kirstie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtensive riparian vegetation clearance occurred in many rivers of southeastern Australia throughout the 19th and 20th century, post colonisation. With improvements in river management practices, coincident with a period of minimal flooding, vegetation recovery of riparian corridors has been occurring since the 1980s in all coastal catchments of New South Wales (NSW). However, the catchment‐by‐catchment spatial pattern and temporal trends, trajectories and rates of vegetative recovery remain unknown. We reconstruct a 70‐year time series of change in riparian vegetation coverage for all rivers in coastal catchments of NSW, utilising historical aerial imagery, Landsat and Sentinel data and a manual digitisation and machine learning method. We quantify and statistically analyse decadal trends in woody and non‐woody vegetation coverage along 19 485 km of stream length in 20 catchments. Across the region, there has been, on average, a 40% increase in vegetation coverage along riparian corridors since the 1950s, with some catchments increasing towards a current day coverage of between 60% and 80%. However, the trends vary by subregion and by catchment. An early logarithmic increase occurred up to 2004 on the North coast, and a recent and accelerated exponential increase since 1995 has occurred on the South coast. After a steep initial increase, riparian corridor vegetation coverage has fluctuated on the Central coast since about 1995. We used these linear, exponential and logarithmic regressions to undertake preliminary forecasts of possible future timeframes of riparian vegetation change, based on several climate, management and natural disaster disturbance scenarios. If the current trend continues, riparian vegetation coverage can reach 70% across the region by 2055. However, if management practices change or catastrophic disturbance events such as fire and flood occur, increases in riparian vegetation coverage could be set back by up to 30 to 40 years.
Request delay and survivability optimization for software defined‐wide area networking (SD‐WAN) using multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Ouamri Mohamed Amine , Azni Mohamed , Singh Daljeet , Almughalles Waleed , Muthanna Mohammed Saleh Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractData exchange between headquarters and local branches represents a major challenge issue for business success. For this issue, traditional solutions applied to wide area networks (WAN) remain unrealistic and require a good knowledge of the systems. Recently, software‐defined wide area networking (SD‐WAN) plays a pivotal role and constitutes, in general, a reliable solution for wide area networking. Compared to the classical WAN, SD‐WAN decouples the control plane from gateway devices. Moreover, SD‐WAN are based on centralized WAN management with dynamic reconfiguration, allowing it to control the entire service requirements. Nevertheless, traffic management is the most usual metric in SD‐WAN. It gives a clear indication on propagation latency, request delay and survivability; that is, network connectivity. In this article, to guarantee an efficient quality of service and deal with the increased delay problem, we investigate the problem of joint optimization of average request delay and survivability in the proposed SD‐WAN model. The optimization approaches are formulated so as to minimize the average request delay and maximize the network connectivity. Subsequently, we adopt a multi‐agent deep Q‐Network algorithm to solve it, where the reward function is reformulated based on the optimization objective. Simulation results show that our strategy improves the system's performance significantly in terms of request delay and survivability, compared to traditional baseline algorithms.
The effect of low dietary inflammatory index score formula on inflammatory, metabolic, and clinical outcomes in critically ill traumatic brain injury patients: A single‐blind randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Jandari Sajedeh , Rezvani Reza , Yousefian Sajedeh , Mosalmanzadeh Negin , Bagherniya Mohammad , Soleimani Davood , Mousavian Seyedeh Zeynab , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R. , Jafarzadeh Esfahani Ali , Akhgari Abass , Jarahi Lida , Safarian Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, a complex cascade of inflammatory responses are frequently observed following trauma. Numerous dietary agents have long been found to have potential in modulating inflammatory responses. This pilot study, designed an enteral formula with low inflammatory properties based on the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and evaluated its effect on inflammatory and metabolic factors in critically ill TBI patients. This single‐blind randomized controlled pilot study was conducted at the Neurosurgical ICU of Shahid Kamyab Hospital (Mashhad, Iran). A total of 20 TBI patients were randomly assigned to receive either low‐DII score or standard formula at the intensive care unit (ICU). The primary outcomes of the study included clinical status, inflammatory biomarkers, APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA, and NUTRIC scores. The trial groups did not differ significantly in baseline values. Following 14 days of intervention, there was a statistically significant decrease in the APACHE II, SAPS II, and NUTRIC scores and a significant increase in the GCS score in the low‐DII score formula group compared to the standard formula group. Over 2 weeks, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) values of −2.73 (95% CI: −3.67, −1.79) mg/dL in the low‐DII score formula group versus 0.65 (95% CI: −0.29, 1.58) mg/dL in controls were obtained. Moreover, the length of hospital stay was longer for the standard formula group than for the low‐DII score formula group. The low‐DII score formula improves inflammatory factors (serum hs‐CRP) and metabolic biomarkers (LDL‐c and FBS). Furthermore, clinical outcomes, including the length of hospital stay and disease severity, appear to be enhanced.
Personality theory: New factors to incorporate in public decision‐making in communities
Authors: Yan Mengyao , Zhang Jinzi , Ge Pu , Wu Yibo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored the effects of personality factors on public behavioral decision‐making.MethodsWe examined the literature on personality theory based on triadic interaction decision theory, and summarized and compared the findings with studies of the Big Five personality characteristics. A literature review method was used to explore the implications of personality theory for public decision‐making in Chinese communities.ResultsIndividuals with high neuroticism can be targeted by influential communicators. Individuals with high extraversion can influence decision‐making through interpersonal relationships. Individuals with high levels of openness can be influenced by the development of novel activities. Conscientious individuals respond to scientific and rational knowledge. Individuals with high agreeableness can be influenced by groups.ConclusionsPersonality traits can influence behavioral decisions and can have positive or negative effects on behavioral outcomes. For people with different personality traits, social actors and social activity communicators should formulate targeted measures according to the classification of personality traits. The current findings have implications for enriching research perspectives and approaches to public community decision‐making.
Childhood‐onset disabilities and lifetime earnings growth: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Jeon Sung‐Hee , Park Jungwee , Kohen Dafna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study offers insights into lifetime earnings growth differences between individuals with and without childhood‐onset disabilities (COD) defined as disabilities whose onset occurred before an individual's 16th birthday. We use a newly available database linking data from the 2017 Canadian Survey of Disability with individual income tax records covering a period of over 3 decades. We estimate the average earnings growth profiles of individuals with COD from the age when individuals generally enter the labor market to the age when most retire. The main finding of our study is that individuals with COD experience very little earnings growth when they are in their mid‐30 and 40s while the earnings of those without COD grow steadily until they reach their late 40s and early 50s. The largest earnings growth differences between individuals with and without COD are observed for male university graduates.
No Life on this Planet Without PHB
Authors: Seebach Dieter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe history of discovery byRosetta Reuschof oligo‐ and poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrates (OHBs and PHBs) consisting of less thanca. 150 HB units is described. These ‘short‐chain’ biopolymers can be detected in all living organisms and have numerous physiological activities of fundamental importance for the chemistry of life. The largest are components of ion channels such as Ca2+‐polyphosphate‐PHB (Ca‐PPi‐PHB) in genetically competentE. coliand in mammalian mitochondria. Sequences with chain lengths <ca. 30 occur covalently attached to proteins (post‐translational PHBylation), and methyl esters of the dimer and trimer are used by certain bacteria as highly efficient antioxidants. With synthetic monodisperse OHBs (up to 128mer) our group has contributed structural investigations, and we have shown that OHBs≥16 alone make phospholipid bilayer vesicles permeable to Ca ions. An extensive biochemical analysis of the TRPM8 protein channel, responsible for the sense of heat in our skin, proved to be fully active only when PHBylated. Reasons for the difficulty of detecting OHBs and PHBs are discussed: the polyester chain is highly flexible, and there is ester cleavage by base, acid, nucleophiles,Lewisacids, and heat – in stark contrast to peptides. PHBs may be called a ubiquitous butfleetingspecies in the chemistry of life – worth being appreciated and studied much more intensively in the future! A speculation about PHB's possible role in prebiotic compartmentalization is presented, and recent uses of compartmentalization in organic synthesis are briefly mentioned.Portions of the figures used herein were presented in a lecture at the International Symposium on Biopolymers on September 13, 2022, in Sion (Switzerland).
Changes in the prehospital emergency technician's resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A web‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ebrahimian Abbasali , Keshavarz‐Tork Asghar , Akbari‐Shahrestanaki Yousof , Tourdeh Maedeh , Fakhr‐Movahedi Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsResilience is a process that enables people to control the stressors of their lives. During the COVID‐19 crisis, work stress increased among prehospital emergency technicians. So, it was possible to reduce their resilience. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the prehospital emergency technicians' resilience during the pandemic of COVID‐19.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at the prehospital emergency department in Qazvin province. For 6 months, 234 emergency technicians participated in this study. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and the emergency medical services resilience scale (EMSRS).ResultsThe Friedman test indicated no significant difference between the mean scores of EMS employees' resilience during 6 months (p > 0.05). However, the correlation matrix between the scores of EMSRS during 6 months indicated that the resilience scores of EMS employees were positively correlated during the study (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe EMS technicians' resilience was almost constant and moderate during the 6 months of care for patients with COVID‐19 and their transfer to the hospital, indicating that the COVID‐19 crisis could suppress the emergency medical technicians ability to increase resilience.
Face mask correlation with allergic rhinitis symptoms severity during COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Hossein , Goodarzian MReza , Abbasi Alireza , Alamdari Mohammad , Mortazavi Negar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFace mask is the first line to protect the respiratory mucosa from the coronavirus particles in aerocells and droplets and without this, the exposure of the mucosa to the virus and allergens trigger the immune and inflammatory system. These lead to Allergic Rhinitis (AR) symptoms or virus infection.AimThis study discusses about the effects of face mask on the severity of AR symptoms using the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) in AR cases during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, 54 cases previously diagnosed as moderate and severe AR based on Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma and Visual Analog Scale score referred to the tertiary allergy clinic were involved, while 5 of them were excluded. AR symptoms before and during the pandemic were compared based on the SNOT‐22 questionnaire. Demographics, AR severity, and comorbidities were registered.ResultsThe mean age was 31.4 ± 13.5 years with the male−female ratio of 1.4. The mean SNOT‐22 score was 36.1 ± 20.3 before and 29.5 ± 16.8 during the pandemic. Although 36.7% (n: 18) of all participants had severe symptoms before the pandemic, 10.2% (n: 5) had severe AR symptoms during the pandemic. 53.0% (n: 26) of patients had moderate AR symptoms, and 36.7% (n: 18) had mild AR symptoms in the pandemic. There was no significant difference between each paired subgroup in AR symptom changes but the symptom improvement was significant in most of the subgroups when compared to the pre‐pandemic period. Smoking had an adverse effect on AR symptoms (p: 0.034).ConclusionFace mask affects the quality of life in AR patients and improves the severity of AR symptoms during COVID‐19 pandemic. Smoking worsens this severity. Age, gender, pet ownership, underlying conditions, and previous COVID‐19 infection were not associated with AR symptoms severity and alteration in the AR individuals' quality of life during the COVID‐19 pandemic.