bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute Calibration. III. Improved Absolute Calibration for the Visible through the Mid-infrared
Authors: Rieke G. H. , Engelke Charles , Su Kate , Casagrande Luca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose Sirius as an improved zero-point-defining star and calibrate its spectrum to an accuracy of ∼0.6% in both the visible and infrared. This result is based on a newly derived independent calibration in the visible of similar accuracy to the previous standard one, with which it is combined. We use a large variety of approaches in the infrared to reach about three times smaller error than for previous absolute calibrations. The results in the two wavelength regimes are in agreement, providing a consistent link from the visible throughout the near- and mid-infrared. The Sirius-based zero-point at 5557.5 Å (in vacuum) is 13.436 ± 0.081 × 10−12 W cm−2
μm−1, based on the improved value for Vega of 3.473 ± 0.018 × 10−12 W cm−2
μm−1 and the measured magnitude difference between the two stars. At 2.1603 μm, the zero-point is 4.225 ± 0.025 × 10−14 W cm−2
μm−1 taking Sirius at a magnitude of −1.395. A jackknife analysis indicates that there are no serious systematic errors in these results. We consider selection of secondary standards that can extend the calibration over the sky. Despite more than a century in this role, normal A-stars are not suitable, although Am and Ap stars may be. G-stars older than ∼1 Gyr are good candidates if accurate temperatures can be measured. White dwarfs are suitable from the visible through the near-infrared, but their properties are unexplored at the necessary level at the longer infrared wavelengths, and for most facilities they are too faint there. Finally, as a further test of the calibration, we demonstrate an upgraded infrared flux method to determine accurate stellar diameters from K-band photometry.
Do Central Compact Objects have Carbon Atmospheres?
Authors: Alford J. A. J. , Halpern J. P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Only three of the dozen central compact objects (CCOs) in supernova remnants (SNRs) show thermal X-ray pulsations due to nonuniform surface temperature (hot spots). The absence of X-ray pulsations from several unpulsed CCOs has motivated suggestions that they have uniform-temperature carbon atmospheres (UTCAs), which adequately fit their spectra with appropriate neutron star (NS) surface areas. This is in contrast to the two-temperature blackbody or hydrogen atmospheres that also fit well. Here we investigate the applicability of UTCAs to CCOs. We show the following: (i) The phase-averaged spectra of the three pulsed CCOs can also be fitted with a UTCA of the appropriate NS area, despite pulsed CCOs manifestly having nonuniform surface temperature. A good spectral fit is therefore not strong support for the UTCA model of unpulsed CCOs. (ii) An improved spectrum of one unpulsed CCO, previously analyzed with a UTCA, does not allow an acceptable fit. (iii) For two unpulsed CCOs, the UTCA does not allow a distance compatible with the SNR distance. These results imply that, in general, CCOs must have hot, localized regions on the NS surface. We derive new X-ray pulse modulation upper limits on the unpulsed CCOs, and constrain their hot spot sizes and locations. We develop an alternative model that accounts for both the pulsed and unpulsed CCOs: a range of angles between hot spot and rotation axes consistent with an exponential distribution with scale factor λ ∼ 20°. We discuss the physical mechanisms that could produce such small angles and small hot spots.
Feature Identification and Statistical Characteristics of Quasi-periodic Pulsation in Solar Flares using the Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo Approach
Authors: Guo Yangfan , Liang Bo , Feng Song , Yuan Ding , Nakariakov Valery M. , Dai Wei , Yang Yunfei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Quasi-periodic pulsation (QPP) is a common phenomenon in solar flares. Studying QPP is important to further our understanding of the physical processes operating in flares. However, detection of QPP is complicated by the presence of noise in flaring lightcurves. In this study, we apply the Bayesian-based Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo (MCMC) technique to the QPP detection. We use MCMC to fit the Fourier power spectral density (PSD) profiles of flaring lightcurves, aiming to determine a quasi-periodic component by model comparison and test statistics. Two models fitting the PSD were compared: the first model consists of colored and white noise only, and the second model adds a spectral peak of a Gaussian shape representing a short-living oscillatory signal. To evaluate MCMC of the QPP detection, we test it on 100 synthetic signals with spectral properties similar to those observed in flares. Subsequently, we analyzed QPP events in 699 flare signals in the 1–8 Å channel recorded by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite from 2010 to 2017, including 250 B-class, 250 C-class, 150 M-class, and 49 X-class flares. Approximately 57% X-class, 39% M-class, 20% C-class, and 16% B-class flares are found to show a strong evidence of QPP, whose periods range mainly from 6.2 to 75.3 s. The results demonstrate that QPP events are easier to detect in more powerful flares. The distribution of the detected QPP periods is found to follow a logarithmic normal distribution. The distributions in the four flare classes are similar. This suggests that the established distribution is a common feature for flares of different classes.
Heterogeneity of Islet-Infiltrating IL-21+ CD4 T Cells in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ciecko Ashley E , Wang Yu , Harleston Stephanie , Drewek Amber , Serreze David V , Geurts Aron M , Lin Chien-Wei , Chen Yi-Guang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
IL-21 is essential for type 1 diabetes (T1D) development in the NOD mouse model. IL-21–expressing CD4 T cells are present in pancreatic islets where they contribute to T1D progression. However, little is known about their phenotype and differentiation states. To fill this gap, we generated, to our knowledge, a novel IL-21 reporter NOD strain to further characterize IL-21+ CD4 T cells in T1D. IL-21+ CD4 T cells accumulate in pancreatic islets and recognize β cell Ags. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that CD4 T effector cells in islets actively express IL-21 and they are highly diabetogenic despite expressing multiple inhibitory molecules, including PD-1 and LAG3. Islet IL-21+ CD4 T cells segregate into four phenotypically and transcriptionally distinct differentiation states, that is, less differentiated early effectors, T follicular helper (Tfh)–like cells, and two Th1 subsets. Trajectory analysis predicts that early effectors differentiate into both Tfh-like and terminal Th1 cells. We further demonstrated that intrinsic IL-27 signaling controls the differentiation of islet IL-21+ CD4 T cells, contributing to their helper function. Collectively, our study reveals the heterogeneity of islet-infiltrating IL-21+ CD4 T cells and indicates that both Tfh-like and Th1 subsets produce IL-21 throughout their differentiation process, highlighting the important sources of IL-21 in T1D pathogenesis.
Comparative efficacy of coconut oil-pulling therapy versus 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse on dental plaque and gingival health
Authors: Malik Arun , Chopra Priyanka , Kapoor Shalini , Massamati Sujata 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Periodontitis is an inflammatory microbial disease caused by complex of microbes. Prevention and control of periodontal disease must be based on the regular and complete removal of bacterial plaque n. Various modes of mechanical and chemical means of plaque control exist Conventionally, essential oils have also been used to cure many oral conditions. Many oils have been investigated for their effectiveness as anti plaque and anti gingivitis agents. Very few studies have used coconut oil or this purpose.

Aim:
The present study was undertaken with the aim to investigate the efficacy of virgin coconut oil pulling therapy versus 0.2% CHX mouthrinse and their effect on clinical parameters and total microbial load in salivary sample of periodontally healthy volunteers.

Material and Methods:
A total of 30 periodontally healthy volunteers with the age range of 18–45 years were randomly divided into two groups:-Group 1:virgin coconut oil mouthrinse (Plant Lipids®, Cochin, India) and Group 2: 0.2% CHX mouthrinse (Clohex Plus®, Dr Reddy's, India). Clinical parameters such as Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) were recorded for all the subjects. An unstimulated salivary sample was collected in a sterile calibrated bottle and sent for baseline examination of oral microbial load. Subjects were asked to perform oil pulling in (Group 1) and 0.2% CHX rinse in (Group 2) in front of the instructor and were asked to continue for rest of the trial period in the same manner.

Results:
The mean PI at day 10, day 21, and day 30 was significantly more among coconut oil than CHX group. The mean CFU at day 10, day 21, and day 30 was significantly more among coconut oil than the CHXgroup.

Conclusion:
Both the study groups showed reductions in PI, GI, and GBI scores, higher reductions were seen in the CHX group. It was observed that CHX and virgin coconut oil were effective against microorganisms, thus causes a reduction in CFU and thus serve as a good alternative.
Effect of 1-Month Structured Yoga Training Program on Perceived Stress Scale in Adults
Authors: Muley Parikshit Ashok , Muley Pranjali Parikshit , Mandlik Vishwas Vasant , Deshpande Vidya Pravin 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Human health is primarily affected by stress leading to various noncommunicable diseases. The study was conducted to analyze whether yoga in daily routine improves perceived stress scores.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of yoga training on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in adult population.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to analyze and compare stress scale during pre- and postyoga sessions.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 70 healthy adults of age group 18–50 years coming to Yoga center under Yoga Vidya Gurukul. PSS was administered in those subjects on two occasions that is before starting the yoga sessions (pre yoga) and after completing the 5 weeks of structured yoga protocol sessions (post yoga).

Results:
Our study showed significant improvement in perceived stress scores upon completion of 1 month of yoga training, which highlights the importance of yoga in stress management and possible mechanism of effect of yoga on psychological level.
Work from Home – A Growing Trend in IT Companies Benefits, Drawbacks, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Ugemuge Pratiksha Tulshiram , Shingankar Sneha , Joshi Shobha 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study was to describe the threaten situation in the COVID-19 scenario and to know the benefits, drawbacks, opportunities, and challenges of trend work from home. It will be a golden opportunity for people who work from home in an organized way to enjoy with family and earn money together.

Background:
In past decades, lots of changes of working methods have occurred. These revolutionary changes are very useful and it is a need of time.

Methods:
This is a narrative review of literature compiling the findings of literature from searches of computerized databases, textbooks, and discussion with community.

Discussion:
The collected data from the literature review are presented into themes to get clear scenes and ideas. Some recommendations are discussed to use it in a proper way.

Conclusion:
This study identifies elements that affect workers' physical, mental, and emotional health and well-being while working from home, and it lays the groundwork for thinking about how to best support a pleasant work from home experience. As per ideas establish a routine, be organized, have a sufficient workspace, boost your productive work, be responsible, avoid lot of multitasking, enhance communication and network, be balanced, study remote research possibilities, and learn from issues.
Current Anesthesia Methods for No-Scalpel Vasectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rahman Fakhri , Birowo Ponco , Rasyid Nur 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: This study was aimed to described current anesthesia methods to facilitate no-scalpel vasectomy procedure.
Methods: A systematic review based on PRISMA guideline was conducted which included all the studies discussing no-scalpel vasectomy and focusing on its anesthesia method. Outcomes searched were pain during anesthesia and procedure. Literature search was done through search engines (PubMed, EBSCO Host and Cochrane library) using (“no-scalpel vasectomy” OR “scalpel-free vasectomy” OR “vasectomy”) AND (“anesthesia”) as keywords and through manual search. Literature selection process was done by two reviewer and qualified studies were subjected to quality assessment.
Results: A total of 446 literatures were found and five studies satisfying the eligibility criteria and discussed following anesthesia methods: local infiltration anesthesia (LIA), spinal cord block (SCB), no-needle anesthesia (NNA), mini-needle anesthesia (MNA) and eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA). This study showed that the average score of pain (VAS 1-10) during no-scalpel vasectomy procedure for LIA, combination of LIA and SCB, NNA, MNA and combination of LIA and EMLA were 1.86 – 2.7, 0.64, 0.66 – 2.13, 0.66 and 2.15, respectively.
Conclusion: Combination of LIA and SCB, NNA and MNA showed promising results as anesthesia methods. However, these promising results should be further proven by more studies.
Pengaruh Akut Musik Klasik terhadap Kemampuan Spasial
Authors: Lubis Leonardo , Fitria Nita 
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Musik klasik adalah komposisi musik dengan melodi kompleks yang dapat mengaktivasi area Brodmann 22, 9, 46, 17, 18, dan 19. Area-area tersebut penting pula untuk kemampuan spasial, yaitu fungsi kognitif untuk merancang, menggambarkan, dan membayangkan suatu objek dalam ruang secara tepat. Dalam bidang kedokteran, kemampuan spasial sangat dibutuhkan untuk pembelajaran anatomi, interpretasi radiograf dan prosedur bedah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh music klasik terhadap kemampuan spasial.
Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan terhadap subjek,yaitu: 182 orang mahasiswa kedokteran Unpad yang terdiri dari 117 orang perempuan dan 65 orang laki-laki. Subjek dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok yang diperdengarkan musik Mozart Sonata K448 selama 10 menit (perlakuan) dan kelompok yang tidak diperdengarkan apapun dan hanya duduk diam selama 10 menit (kontrol). Setelah perlakuan, subjek mengerjakan tes spasial. Parameter yang diamati adalah rata-rata nilai tes spasial. Hasil dianalisis dengan uji T tidak berpasangan.
Hasil: Rerata skor spasial kelompok musik klasik lebih tinggi secara bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, baik pada perempuan (33,6379 vs. 31,6949)(nilai p 0,0235) maupun laki-laki (36,8387 vs. 33,9198)(nilai p 0,0125).
Kesimpulan: Musik klasik memberikan stimulasi area fungsional otak spesifik sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan spasial secara akut.
A liberdade e a propriedade em John Locke. Doi: 10.5020/2317-2150.2007.v12.ed.esp.p104
Authors: Mamede Juliana Maria Borges 
Published: February 2023

Para John Locke, o estado de natureza é um estado de prosperidade, no qual os homens usufruem de paz, tranqüilidade e bem-estar, são senhores absolutos de sua própria pessoa e de suas posses, não estando a ninguém submetidos, sendo-lhes atribuído o poder de preservar a sua propriedade e de impor castigos aos transgressores da lei da natureza. No entanto, Locke observa que o estado de natureza também apresenta inconvenientes, sendo o maior deles a inexistência de uma instituição que execute a lei da natureza e inflija punição aos seus infratores. Tal circunstância impelia os homens ao estado de guerra, que era indesejado por todos, em virtude de ser um estado de miséria e penúria. Assim é que, sentindo-se constantemente ameaçados, os indivíduos não imaginaram outra forma eficaz de garantir seus bens mais preciosos, vida, liberdade e propriedade, senão a partir da constituição de uma sociedade política, na qual haveria uma
autoridade imparcial, com o poder de impor as leis e aplicar penalidades. Nasce, então, a sociedade civil, com o fim de evitar e remediar as inconveniências do estado de natureza, que decorrem do fato de cada homem ser juiz em causa própria. Em sua construção teórica, Locke conferiu destaque especial aos direitos de propriedade e liberdade, concebendo-os como direitos inerentes à própria condição humana, assegurados pela lei da natureza.
O Estado Democrático de Direito Ambiental e as catástrofes ambientais: evolução histórica e desafios. Doi: 10.5020/2317-2150.2013.v18n2p470
Authors: Damacena Fernanda Dalla Libera , Carvalho Délton Winter de 
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo apresenta a evolução e consolidação histórica do Estado
de Direito Ambiental, e, sobretudo, suas novas missões e desafios. Dentre os
novos enfrentamentos, riscos e responsabilidades a serem geridos pelo Estado e pelo direito, estão as catástrofes ambientais. Tendo essa temática como pano de fundo, o artigo explorará, em um primeiro momento, a evolução do Estado de Direito e suas características ao longo do tempo. Na sequência, serão apresentadas as intersecções do Estado de Direito Ambiental e as catástrofes ambientais. Por fim, buscará se colocar de que forma vem se estruturando o modelo legislativo destas no Brasil.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PERAWAT DENGAN KEPATUHAN PRINSIP BENAR PEMBERIAN OBAT SECARA INTRAVENA DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Nursery Septi Machelia Champaca 
Published: February 2023

Kegagalan proses pengobatan melalui pemberian obat intravena kepada pasien berpotensi membahayakan keselamatan pasien. Laporan PMKP tentang kesalahan pemberian obat di salah satu Rumah Sakit Swasta Kota Banjarmasin menunjukkan pada tahun 2018 ada 3 kasus, tahun 2019 ada 4 kasus, tahun 2020 ada 2 kasus, tahun 2021 ada 1 kasus. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan karakteristik perawat dengan kepatuhan prinsip benar pemberian obat secara intravena. Metode penelitian menggunakan model penelitian cross-sectional (korelasi). Penelitian dilakukan di salah satu Rumah Sakit Swasta Kota Banjarmasin. Teknik pengambilan sampel terdiri dari cluster sampling dan simple random sampling dengan jumlah 35 sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi dan bivariat dengan Sperman Rank dan Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perawat kategori patuh sebanyak 23 responden (65,7%) dan dari hasil sperman rank diperoleh nilai perbandingan usia dengan kepatuhan sebesar 0,091 > 0,05 dengan koefisian korelasi 0,290. Hasil Chi Square jenis kelamin dengan kepatuhan sebesar 0,327 > 0,05 dengan koefisian korelasi 2,029. Hasil Sperman Rank pendidikan sebesar 0,465 > 0,05 dengan koefisian korelasi 0,128, dan lama bekerja dengan kepatuhan sebesar 0,005 < 0,05 dengan koefisian korelasi 0,467. Perawat mempunyai karakteristik yang beragam diharapkan dapat melaksanakan dan bekerja sama melakukan prinsip benar pemberian obat secara intravena khususnya double check, menanyakan adanya alergi obat, keluhan pasien sebelum dan setelah memberikan obat, memeriksa tanggal kadaluarsa obat, identitas pasien, mencatat keluhan pasien, dan alasan penolakan obat.
Kata Kunci : karakteristik perawat, kepatuhan perawat, prinsip benar pemberian obat.
Investigation of Deacetylation Treatment at Different Temperature for Chitosan Extraction from Shrimp Shell Waste
Authors: William W. , Wid Newati 
Published: February 2023

Background: Disposal of shrimp shell waste is gradually increasing throughout the years due to the constant growing of cultured shrimp production at the local area which in turn increases the bio-waste of shrimp shell. Shrimp shell waste contains valuable components such as protein and chitin. Chitin can be found at the outer surface of shrimp shell, while chitosan can be derived from chitin. Chitosan is a valuable natural polymer as it holds major potentials for industrial applications. However, the poor quality of chitosan has restricted its potential in applications and this is due to the difficulties in maintaining its degree of deacetylation, solubility, and ash content. Hence, several factors such as the temperature for deacetylation treatment, concentration of alkaline solution, ratio of chitin to alkaline solution, and few other factors are important to produce a good quality of chitosan.
Keywords: deacetylation treatment, chitosan, shrimp shell waste, degree of deacetylation, solubility
Frequency, Causative Organisms, Excess Cost and Short-Term Outcomes of Peripheral and Central Line Associated Nosocomial Blood Stream Infection in Adult Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Muhammad Owais , Uddin Naseem Salah , Khamisani Aiman Mahmood , Shah Rabeea 
Published: February 2023

Background: Hospital acquired Blood Stream Infections is one of the major type of nosocomial infection. As compared to 1.3-2.1 per 1000 central line days in high income nations, CLABSI occurs more frequently in middle- and low-income countries, with rates ranging from 7.4 to 12.2 per 1000 central line days. The incidence of both type of BSI is also reported to be different in different regions. Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, enterococcus species, and candida species are some examples of common causative organisms. Objective: The primary objective: •	To study the incidence of CLABSI per 1000 line days among patients with inserted central line during hospital stay •	To study the incidence of PLABSI per 1000 line days among patients with inserted peripheral line during hospital stay The secondary objective: •	Frequent pathogens isolated from patients •	Additional length of stay in patients with blood stream infection (CLABSI and PLABSI) •	Excess cost incurred from excess investigations and medications Material and Methods: Total 250 patients of age ≥15 years and acquired CLABSI or PLABSI during hospital stay after 48 hours of admission were included. Sensitivities of the cultured organism were recorded. Antibiotics and other drugs for management of blood stream infection were recorded with dosage, duration and excess cost. Excess length of hospital stay due to blood stream infection along with total length of in hospital stay was checked. Finally outcome of every patient was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Independent T test / Man Whitney U test was applied to compare the length of hospital stay and cost among patients with and without BSI (CLABSI/PLABSI). P value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were 44% male and 56% female patients. Mean hospital stay was 11.30±7.24 days. Mortality rate was 17.2% while 8.8% patients were found with infection. Most common isolated organisms were pseudomonas (31.8%), staphylococcus aureus (18.2%), klebsiella (9.1%), acenatobacter (9.1%) and candida tropicalis (9.1%). Sixteen patients have excess hospital stay from infection acquisition day with average of 9.31±4.97 days. Majority (40.9%) of patients spends more than 35,000 PKR (7,062 PKR to 70,988 PKR) as excess cost in terms of treatment. Mortality rate among infected patients was 50%. Conclusion: Patients had to bear a heavy burden as a result of infections contracted when using central venous catheters, which lengthened hospital stays and raised treatment costs. Keywords: Central line, Peripheral, Blood Stream Infections, pathogens, length of stay, excess cost