bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational and employment outcomes associated with childhood traumatic brain injury in Scotland: A population-based record-linkage cohort study
Authors: Visnick Meghan J. , Pell Jill P. , Mackay Daniel F. , Clark David , King Albert , Fleming Michael 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among young children and adolescents and the effects can be lifelong and wide-reaching. Although there have been numerous studies to evaluate the impact of childhood head injury on educational outcomes, few large-scale studies have been conducted, and previous research has been limited by issues of attrition, methodological inconsistencies, and selection bias. We aim to compare the educational and employment outcomes of Scottish schoolchildren previously hospitalised for TBI with their peers.Methods and findingsA retrospective, record-linkage population cohort study was conducted using linkage of health and education administrative records. The cohort comprised all 766,244 singleton children born in Scotland and aged between 4 and 18 years who attended Scottish schools at some point between 2009 and 2013. Outcomes included special educational need (SEN), examination attainment, school absence and exclusion, and unemployment. The mean length of follow up from first head injury varied by outcome measure; 9.44 years for assessment of SEN and 9.53, 12.70, and 13.74 years for absenteeism and exclusion, attainment, and unemployment, respectively. Logistic regression models and generalised estimating equation (GEE) models were run unadjusted and then adjusted for sociodemographic and maternity confounders. Of the 766,244 children in the cohort, 4,788 (0.6%) had a history of hospitalisation for TBI. The mean age at first head injury admission was 3.73 years (median = 1.77 years). Following adjustment for potential confounders, previous TBI was associated with SEN (OR 1.28, CI 1.18 to 1.39,p< 0.001), absenteeism (IRR 1.09, CI 1.06 to 1.12,p< 0.001), exclusion (IRR 1.33, CI 1.15 to 1.55,p< 0.001), and low attainment (OR 1.30, CI 1.11 to 1.51,p< 0.001). The average age on leaving school was 17.14 (median = 17.37) years among children with a TBI and 17.19 (median = 17.43) among peers. Among children previously admitted for a TBI, 336 (12.2%) left school before age 16 years compared with 21,941 (10.2%) of those not admitted for TBI. There was no significant association with unemployment 6 months after leaving school (OR 1.03, CI 0.92 to 1.16,p= 0.61). Excluding hospitalisations coded as concussion strengthened the associations. We were not able to investigate age at injury for all outcomes. For TBI occurring before school age, it was impossible to be certain that SEN had not predated the TBI. Therefore, potential reverse causation was a limitation for this outcome.ConclusionsChildhood TBI, sufficiently severe to warrant hospitalisation, was associated with a range of adverse educational outcomes. These findings reinforce the importance of preventing TBI where possible. Where not possible, children with a history of TBI should be supported to minimise the adverse impacts on their education.
Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in women with cancer: A comparative study
Authors: Filippi Francesca , Reschini Marco , Polledri Elisa , Cecchele Anna , Guarneri Cristina , Vigano Paola , Fustinoni Silvia , Platteau Peter , Somigliana Edgardo 
Published: March 2023

Background
In women scheduled for cancer treatment, oocytes cryopreservation is a well-established procedure. Random start protocols have been a substantial improvement in this setting, allowing to prevent delay in the initiation of cancer treatments. However, there is still the need to optimize the regimen of ovarian stimulation, to make treatments more patient-friendly and to reduce costs.

Methods
This retrospective study compares two periods (2019 and 2020), corresponding to two different ovarian stimulation regimens. In 2019, women were treated with corifollitropin, recombinant FSH and GnRH antagonists. Ovulation was triggered with GnRH agonists. In 2020, the policy changed, and women were treated with a progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and dual trigger (GnRH agonist and low dose hCG) Continuous data are reported as median [Interquartile Range]. To overcome expected changes in baseline characteristics of the women, the primary outcome was the ratio between the number of mature oocytes retrieved and serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in ng/ml.

Results
Overall, 124 women were selected, 46 in 2019 and 78 in 2020. The ratio between the number of mature oocytes retrieved and serum AMH in the first and second period was 4.0 [2.3–7.1] and 4.0 [2.7–6.8], respectively (p = 0.80). The number of scans was 3 [3–4] and 3 [2–3], respectively (p<0.001). The total costs of the drugs used for ovarian stimulation were 940 € [774–1,096 €] and 520 € [434–564 €], respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusions
Random start PPOS with hMG and dual trigger represents an easy and affordable ovarian stimulation protocol for fertility preservation in women with cancer, showing similar efficacy and being more friendly and economical.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the rural community about cutaneous leishmaniasis in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Bereket , Kelbore Abraham Getachew , Alemayehu Mihiretu , Adugna Chimdesa , Bibo Tessema , Megaze Aberham , Leirs Herwig 
Published: March 2023

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that is caused by a Leishmania parasite and transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies. Community awareness is an essential component of disease control and prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the community’s knowledge, attitude, and practice toward CL in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to include 422 study subjects selected using a systematic sampling technique from two districts, Kindo Didaye and Sodo Zuria. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the household heads. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the participants’ knowledge about CL and socio-demographic characteristics.

Results
Out of the 422 study participants, only 19% had good knowledge of CL in general. Most (67.1%) of the respondents knew CL by its local name ("bolbo" or "moora") though this knowledge varied highly over the study districts. The majority (86.3%) of respondents did not know how CL is acquired, though they considered CL a health problem. Most (62.8%) respondents believed that CL was an untreatable disease. Most (77%) participants responded that CL patients preferred to go to traditional healers for treatment. Herbal treatment was the most (50.2%) used to treat CL. Knowledge about CL was significantly associated with sex, age, and study districts.

Conclusion
The overall knowledge, attitude, and practice about CL and its prevention in the study area were low. This emphasizes the need to implement health education and awareness campaign to reduce the risk of CL infection. Policymakers and stakeholders should also give due attention to the prevention and treatment of CL in the study area.
Conversational agents in language learning
Authors: Xiao Feiwen , Zhao Priscilla , Sha Hanyue , Yang Dandan , Warschauer Mark 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to advances in technology, conversational agents are emerging as intelligent spoken dialogue systems that simulate natural conversation with human beings. A growing body of literature has investigated the potential of conversational agents in enhancing language learning across multiple contexts. In this paper, a broad scoping review examining the current literature on conversational agents and language learning was conducted. This review mapped APA PsycINFO, ERIC and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses databases, which yielded 23 papers for further analysis. Our examination of these papers suggests that there are three main ways in which conversational agents are used for language learning. This review discusses these three approaches and points to directions that require further research to fully exploit the potential of conversational agents in language learning.
Improved designs for short wavelength amplification based on a thulium-doped Ta2O5 waveguide
Authors: Khamis Mustafa A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study aims to design a thulium-doped Ta2O5 amplifier for short wavelength amplification at 1.7 µm waveband. The waveguide width of the proposed design is theoretically optimized to ensure the condition of single mode guidance and the appropriate width must be less than 3.2 µm. Finite element method based edge element is applied to compute the optical field distribution of the fundamental mode across the waveguide length and to find the values of the overlapping factor and the effective mode field area of the proposed waveguide. The numerical results display that 0.83 and 6.8 µm2 are the computed values of the overlapping factor and the effective mode field area, respectively at 1.72 µm wavelength. The amplification performance of a Tm:Ta2O5 amplifier is presented based on the rate equations and the power distribution equations. The effects of the waveguide length and the pump power are investigated on the signal amplification at 1.72 µm wavelength. The simulation results reveal that about 25 dB small signal gain and 8.7 dB noise figure could be achieved at 1.72 µm wavelength when pumped with only 100 mW pump power at 1630 nm wavelength. As a result, it is possible to achieve an efficient laser and amplifier source at the 1.7 µm waveband based on a Tm:Ta2O5 waveguide.
Co-directional waveguide grating coupler transmission and reflection dispersion characteristics performance
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Bhargavi Vijayan Sharmila , Mary Merlin Livingston Louis , Rajendran Radhika , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper reported the numerical estimation of co-directional waveguide grating coupler performance transmission characteristics. These dopant materials that are namely phosphorus dopant silica, fluorine dopant silica and boron dopant silica. Transmittivity/reflectivity and three dimension (3D) transmission mesh cross-section of pure silica waveguide grating coupler are outlined with grating dimensions. Coupling efficiency variations is clarified against the grating wavelength and the fill factor variations. Transmission and reflection dispersion of pure silica waveguide grating coupler is reported with grating dimensions. Transmission and reflection delay and dispersion spectrum of various materials-dopant based silica waveguide grating coupler are reported with grating wavelength. The output pulse intensity of pure silica waveguide grating coupler is demonstrated against the time span variations at the link length of 100 km.
Bipolar alternate mark inversion encoding (BAMI) scheme for performance signature of optical transceiver systems under thermal effects
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Kumar Manoharan Ranjith , Pugazhenthi Revathi , Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study has clarified the bipolar alternate mark inversion encoding scheme for performance signature of optical transceiver systems under thermal effects. The light power through optical fiber channel variations with spectral wavelength at various temperature variations are clarified. The total electrical power through PIN receiver at various temperature variations are demonstrated. The electrical power amplitude, max Q Factor and min BER through PIN receiver at different temperature variations are clarified in details. Electrical and optical signal per noise ratio with laser bias current at various ambient temperatures are demonstrated. The total optical/electrical power and maximum quality signal with laser bias current at various temperature variations.
Study and development of dual core photonic crystal fiber for the employment of guided waves polarization modes
Authors: Zuhayer Asif , Reddy Mittamidi Madhusudhan , Anwer Twana Mohammed Kak , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Mahrous Lenna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The properties of PCF have been emerged as an interesting field of research for sensing and detection of wavelengths of different refractive indices. These properties indicate that if analyte is used or not in the core of the PCF that does not influence on the sensor sensitivity. By reshaping the airhole’s size, wavelength sensitivity can be improved. The vast detection limit of refractive indices (RI) is taken 1.33–1.41. In addition, high amount of linearity is obtained at the limit of 1.33–1.42. After simulation, it is obtained that this work proposes high sensitivity of 4250 and 6200 nm/RIU for x and y polarization modes. Because of high sensing capability in the range of various frequencies, this PCF can be applicable for other simultaneous wavelength detection. This PCF also offers its eligibility on the field of biomedical technologies.
On Locally Finite Orthomodular Lattices
Authors: Burešová Dominika , Pták Pavel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Let us denote by

ℒ
ℱ

$[\mathcal{L}\mathcal{F}$

the class of all orthomodular lattices (OMLs) that are locally finite (i.e.,

L
∈
ℒ
ℱ

$[L\in \mathcal{L}\mathcal{F}$

provided each finite subset of L generates in L a finite subOML). In this note, we first show how one can obtain new locally finite OMLs from the initial ones and enlarge thus the class

ℒ
ℱ

$[\mathcal{L}\mathcal{F}$

. We find

ℒ
ℱ

$[\mathcal{L}\mathcal{F}$

considerably large though, obviously, not all OMLs belong to

ℒ
ℱ

$[\mathcal{L}\mathcal{F}$

. Then we study states on the OMLs of

ℒ
ℱ

$[\mathcal{L}\mathcal{F}$

. We show that local finiteness may to a certain extent make up for distributivity. For instance, we show that if

L
∈
ℒ
ℱ

$[L\in \mathcal{L}\mathcal{F}$

and if for any finite subOML K there is a state s: K → [0, 1] on K, then there is a state on the entire L. We also consider further algebraic and state properties of

ℒ
ℱ

$[\mathcal{L}\mathcal{F}$

relevant to the quantum logic theory.
Stable single-mode operation of distributed feedback quantum cascade laser under high current via a grating reflector
Authors: Ye Fan , Cheng Fengmin , Jia Zhiwei , Zhang Jinchuan , Zhuo Ning , Liu Fengqi , Zheng Youdou , Shi Yi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We report on an index-coupled distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) of high single-mode stability by using of a grating reflector (GR) to reflect effectively light of a specific wavelength. Fabrications of the QCLs were performed with λ∕4 equivalent phase shift (EPS) or sampled Moiré grating (SMG) structure, which regulates the light intensity distribution in the cavity and coupling strength. Both EPS-GR and SMG-GR QCLs demonstrate a high emission wavelength precision and a side-mode-suppression-ratio (SMSR) of 24.5 dB at the injection current of 5 A and the pulse width of 5 μs, offering considerable output power even at the edge of the gain spectrum. Furthermore, we investigated the arrays of EPS-GR and SMG-GR QCLs with lower threshold current and higher output power by introducing semi-insulated InP (Fe) ranging from 8.25 to 8.67 μm and 8.16–8.63 μm, respectively. The present QCLs via a GR are prospective for applications requiring single-mode stability and wide tunability.
Shibui Katsura: The Emergence of a Japanese Global Icon, 1921–70
Authors: Emoto Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
“Katsura is shibui”—this persistent slogan originated in two special issues of House Beautiful published in 1960. Themed “Discover shibui” and “How to be shibui with American things,” these publications linked the image of the Katsura Detached Palace with shibui and employed this “untranslatable” word to evoke the notion of richness in simplicity. But as this article shows, Katsura’s global fame can be traced at least back to the early 1920s, when German scholars investigated the imperial villa as an example of Japanese timber construction, followed soon after by Japanese architects and critics. Shibui, in contrast, first became an aesthetic term when the Japanese government promoted it in the 1930s as part of a campaign to encourage foreign tourism. This study reconstructs the process through which a growing number of publications and international exchanges addressed these topics, culminating in the postwar period, when the initial contact between the two genealogies of Katsura and shibui sparked a heated aesthetic debate.
PcEiger links the Imd/Relish pathway to ROS production in the intestine of the red swamp crayfish
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Ping‐Ping , Wei Zhe , Wang Xian‐Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the arthropod gut, commensal microbiota maintain the immune deficiency (Imd)/Relish pathway for expression of antimicrobial peptides, whereas pathogenic bacteria induce dual oxidase 2 (Duox2) for production of extracellular microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Imd/Relish pathway and the Duox2/ROS system are regarded as independent systems. Here, we report that these two systems are bridged by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ortholog PcEiger in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. PcEiger expression is induced by commensal bacteria or the Imd/Relish pathway. PcEiger knockdown alters bacterial abundance and community composition due to variations in the oxidative status of the intestine. PcEiger induces Duox2 expression and ROS production by regulating the activity of the transcription factor Atf2. Moreover, PcEiger mediates regulation of the Duox2/ROS system by commensal bacteria and the Imd/Relish pathway. Our findings suggest that the Imd/Relish pathway regulates the Duox2/ROS system via PcEiger in P. clarkii, and they provide insights into the crosstalk between these two important mechanisms for arthropod intestinal immunity.
Diagnosis of Bacterial Tracheostomy-Associated Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Triplett Andrea D. , Rigdon Joseph , Auriemma Jeanna , Darby John , Ervin Sean , Haberman Cara , Hanes Holly , Kerth Julie , Kirkendall Erik S. , Potisek Nicholas M. , Wood Julie K. , Halvorson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES
To identify demographic and clinical characteristics of children with fever and/or respiratory illness associated with a diagnosis of bacterial tracheostomy-associated respiratory tract infections (bTARTI). Secondary objectives included comparison of diagnostic testing, length of stay (LOS), and readmission rates between children diagnosed with bTARTI and others.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective chart review of encounters over 1 year for fever and/or respiratory illness at a single academic children’s hospital for children with tracheostomy dependence. Patient characteristics, features of presenting illness, and laboratory and imaging results were collected. Generalized linear mixed models were employed to study associations between patient characteristics, diagnosis of bTARTI, and impact on LOS or readmission rates.

RESULTS
Among 145 children with tracheostomies identified, 79 children contributed 208 encounters. bTARTI was diagnosed in 66 (31.7%) encounters. Significant associations with bTARTI diagnosis included chest radiograph consistent with bacterial pneumonia (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–2.08), positive tracheal aspirate culture (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.05–1.61), higher white blood cell count (16.4 vs 13.1 × 103/µ; P = .03), change in oxygen requirement (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00–1.31), telephone encounter (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09–1.81), and living at home with family (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06–1.92). LOS for admitted patients with bTARTI was 2.19 times longer (CI, 1.23–3.88).

CONCLUSIONS
In our single-center study, we identified several clinical and nonclinical factors associated with a diagnosis of bTARTI. Despite widespread use, few laboratory tests were predictive of a diagnosis of bTARTI. There is need for standardization in diagnosis.
Healthcare Utilization Among Children Receiving Permanent Supportive Housing
Authors: Bohnhoff James C. , Xue Lingshu , Hollander Mara A. G. , Burgette Jacqueline M. , Cole Evan S. , Ray Kristin N. , Donohue Julie , Roberts Eric T. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Permanent supportive housing (PSH) integrates long-term housing and supports for families and individuals experiencing homelessness. Although PSH is frequently provided to families with children, little is known about the impacts of PSH among children. We examined changes in health care visits among children receiving PSH compared with similar children who did not receive PSH.

METHODS
We analyzed Pennsylvania Medicaid administrative data for children entering PSH between 2011 and 2016, matching to a comparison cohort with similar demographic and clinical characteristics who received non-PSH housing services. We conducted propensity score-weighted difference-in-differences (DID) analyses to compare changes in health care visits 3 years before and after children entered PSH versus changes in the comparison cohort.

RESULTS
We matched 705 children receiving PSH to 3141 in the comparison cohort. Over 3 years following PSH entry, dental visits among children entering PSH increased differentially relative to the comparison cohort (DID: 12.70 visits per 1000 person-months, 95% confidence interval: 3.72 to 21.67). We did not find differential changes in preventive medicine visits, hospitalizations, or emergency department (ED) visits overall. When stratified by age, children ≤5 years old at PSH entry experienced a greater decrease in ED visits relative to the comparison cohort (DID: −13.16 visits per 1000 person-months, 95% confidence interval: −26.23 to −0.10). However, emergency visit trends before PSH entry differed between the cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS
Children in PSH had relatively greater increases in dental visits, and younger children entering PSH may have experienced relative reductions in ED visits. Policymakers should consider benefits to children when evaluating the overall value of PSH.
Cleaning the environment with MXenes
Authors: Bury Dominika , Jakubczak Michał , Kumar Rajiv , Ścieżyńska Dominika , Bogacki Jan , Marcinowski Piotr , Jastrzębska Agnieszka Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRapid global industrialization constantly impacts the environment by discharging pollutants. Therefore, various materials are currently being investigated for environmental applications, including two-dimensional (2D) MXenes. Herein, we focus on MXene-enabled technologies for removing inorganic and organic contaminants present in gaseous and liquid forms, especially organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and solid pollutants. We foresee a considerable potential for MXene-enabled technologies to remove heavy ions and radionuclides and recover precious elements. We show that MXenes could efficiently inactivate microorganisms without harming the environment. Finally, we discuss the associated opportunities and challenges in MXenes’ surface chemistry, semiconducting activity, interfacial effects, adsorption, and photocatalysis. Altogether, this article showcases outstanding opportunities for MXenes in the rapidly growing field of environmental applications.
Graphical abstract