bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between surrogate indicators of insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes combined with hypertension among Chinese adults: two independent cohort studies
Authors: Dong Jing , Liu Yu-Hong , Lu Ya-Ke , Hu Li-Kun , Chen Ning , Ma Lin-Lin , Chu Xi , Yan Yu-Xiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) combined with hypertension has a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the surrogate indicators of insulin resistance (TyG, TG/HDL, and Mets-IR) with the risk of T2D combined with hypertension.

Methods
This study is based on a functional community cohort from Beijing and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, comprising 4234 and 4658 participants respectively. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline regression were performed to assess the link between TyG, TG/HDL, and Mets-IR with T2D combined with hypertension. The cross-lagged panel analysis and the mediation analysis were used to examine the temporal relationship between insulin resistance and obesity and their temporal relationship with follow-up T2D combined with hypertension.

Results
In multivariable-adjusted models, higher TyG was associated with a higher risk of developing T2D combined with hypertension, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 3.46 (2.43–4.93) and 2.02 (1.67–2.44), in two cohorts respectively. A similar positive association was shown for Mets-IR, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.04 (1.03–1.06) and 1.05 (1.03–1.07), in two cohorts respectively. However, the association between TG/HDL with T2D combined with hypertension was different in two cohorts. The restricted cubic spline regression showed a linear association between TyG and T2D combined with hypertension (P-nonlinear > 0.05). The cross-lagged path coefficient from baseline BMI to follow-up TyG index was significantly greater than the path coefficient from baseline TyG to follow-up BMI. TyG partially mediated the effect of BMI on the risk of T2D combined with hypertension and the percentage of mediated association was estimated at 41.58% and 48.41% in two cohorts, respectively.

Conclusion
These findings indicated positive associations between TyG and Mets-IR with the risk of T2D combined with hypertension in two cohorts. In addition, BMI change may precede TyG index change, and the TyG index plays a mediating role in BMI induced T2D combined with hypertension.
Diagnostic pitfalls: a case of prostate cancer and rectal cancer accompanied by prostate cancer invasion of the rectum
Authors: Long Qiongxian , Wu Ji , Peng Yong , Zhang Xuqian , Liu Xinya , Chen Huaping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Case of double primary cancer of the prostate and rectum is rare, prostate cancer involving the postoperative intestinal anastomotic mucosal tissue is even rarer.

Case presentation
We report a case of rectal cancer discovered 1 year after a diagnosis of prostate cancer and a tumour in the postoperative anastomotic intestinal mucosal tissue involving prostatic adenocarcinoma at 1 year after the diagnosis of rectal cancer. Due to the poor differentiation of both prostate and rectal cancers, there are some pitfalls in the diagnosis of intestinal mucosal lesions at an anastomosis. The lack of an accurate diagnosis of a tumour in anastomosis intestinal mucosal tissue will affect treatment and patient survival.

Conclusions
The pathologists should have a detailed understanding of the patient's medical history and carefully observe the histopathological morphology and, if necessary, immunohistochemistry or other techniques should be used to assist in the pathological diagnosis and avoid both misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
Insights into the tumor microenvironment of B cell lymphoma
Authors: Ng Wern Lynn , Ansell Stephen M. , Mondello Patrizia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe standard therapies in lymphoma have predominantly focused on targeting tumor cells with less of a focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a critical role in favoring tumor growth and survival. Such an approach may result in increasingly refractory disease with progressively reduced responses to subsequent treatments. To overcome this hurdle, targeting the TME has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy. The TME consists of T and B lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and other components. Understanding the TME can lead to a comprehensive approach to managing lymphoma, resulting in therapeutic strategies that target not only cancer cells, but also the supportive environment and thereby ultimately improve survival of lymphoma patients. Here, we review the normal function of different components of the TME, the impact of their aberrant behavior in B cell lymphoma and the current TME-direct therapeutic avenues.
Effects of pre-operative oral carbohydrates on insulin resistance and postoperative recovery in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: study protocol for a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Shicheng , He Lixian , Yu Yiping , Yuan Xin , Yang Tao , Yan Fuxia , Xu Fei , Zhang Yan , Pan Shiwei , Zhang Huaijun , Chen Zujun , Xie Lu , Wu Rong , Feng Wei , Yao Yuntai ,   Evidence In Cardiovascular Anesthesia (EICA) Group
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Preoperative carbohydrates (CHO) supplement has been widely investigated in nondiabetic patients undergoing a variety of surgeries. It has been proved that preoperative CHO could alleviate postoperative insulin resistance (IR) and improve patients’ well-being in nondiabetic patients. However, it remains controversial whether preoperative CHO could yield similar effects in diabetic patients. Till now, seldom has the administration of preoperative CHO been investigated in diabetic patients and there are limited studies reporting IR and postoperative recovery of diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods and analysis
We present a prospective, single-center, single-blind, randomized, no-treatment controlled trial of preoperative CHO on diabetic patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). A total of 62 patients will be enrolled and randomized to either Group CHO or Group control (CTRL). Patients in Group CHO will consume CHO fluid containing 50 g carbohydrates orally the evening before surgery (20:00–24:00) while their counterparts in Group CTRL will be fasted after 20:00 the evening before surgery. The primary endpoint is postoperative IR assessed via homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). The secondary endpoints are postoperative levels of potential mediators relating to IR including inflammatory factors and stress reaction characterized by serum cortisol. Exploratory endpoints are in-hospital clinical endpoints. Continuous variables will be compared by Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables will be compared with χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. All tests in the present study are two-tailed and P<0.05 is considered statistically significant. All analyses will be performed with R 4.0.4.

Discussion
This is the first prospective randomized controlled trial of preoperative CHO in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with the hypothesis that preoperative CHO could improve postoperative IR and promote postoperative recovery. The research may assist in improving the clinical outcomes of diabetic patients undergoing OPCAB.

Trial registration
The trial has been prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (https://register.clinicaltrials.gov) and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn). Registry number is NCT05540249 and ChiCTR2000029664 respectively. Registered on Sept. 14, 2022.

Clinical trials unit
Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Neutralization sensitivity, fusogenicity, and infectivity of Omicron subvariants
Authors: Wang Xue-Jun , Yao Lin , Zhang Hong-Yun , Zhu Ka-Li , Zhao Jing , Zhan Bing-Dong , Li Yi-Ke , He Xue-Juan , Huang Cong , Wang Zhuang-Ye , Jiang Ming-Dong , Yang Peng , Yang Yang , Wang Guo-Lin , Wang Sheng-Qi , Dai Er-Hei , Gao Hui-Xia , Ma Mai-Juan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants has raised questions regarding resistance to immunity by natural infection or immunization. We examined the sensitivity of Delta and Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4/5, and BA.3) to neutralizing antibodies from BBIBP-CorV-vaccinated and BBIBP-CorV- or ZF2001-boosted individuals, as well as individuals with Delta and BA.1 breakthrough infections, and determined their fusogenicity and infectivity.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, serum samples from two doses of BBIBP-CorV-vaccinated individuals 1 (n = 36), 3 (n = 36), and 7 (n = 37) months after the second dose; BBIBP-CorV- (n = 25) or ZF2001-boosted (n = 30) individuals; and fully vaccinated individuals with Delta (n = 30) or BA.1 (n = 26) infection were collected. The serum-neutralizing reactivity and potency of bebtelovimab were assessed against D614G, Delta, and Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4/5, and BA.3) through a pseudovirus neutralization assay. The fusogenicity and infectivity of D614G, Delta, and Omicron subvariants were determined by cell-cell fusion assay and pseudovirus infection assay, respectively.

Results
Omicron subvariants markedly escaped vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies after two doses of BBIBP-CorV with comparable efficiency. A third dose vaccination of BBIBP-CorV or ZF2001 increased neutralizing antibody titers and breadth against Delta and three Omicron subvariants. Delta and BA.1 breakthrough infections induced comparable neutralizing antibody titers against D614G and Delta variants, whereas BA.1 breakthrough infections elicited a stronger and broader antibody response against three Omicron subvariants than Delta breakthrough infections. BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 are more resistant to immunity induced by breakthrough infections. Bebtelovimab had no significant loss of potency against the Delta and Omicron subvariants. Cell culture experiments showed Omicron subvariants to be less fusogenic and have higher infectivity than D614G and Delta with comparable efficiency.

Conclusions
These findings have important public health implications and highlight the importance of repeated exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens to broaden the neutralizing antibody response against Omicron subvariants.
The psychometric properties and gender invariance of the Italian version of the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (I-PVDQ) during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chiesi Francesca , Marunic Georgia , Tagliaferro Carlotta , Lau Chloe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (PVDQ) measures beliefs associated with personal susceptibility to infectious diseases and behaviors or perceptions in the presence of potential risk of pathogen transmission. Given the onset of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 global pandemic, otherwise known as the COVID-19 pandemic, the construct being measured may function differently based on affective, behavioral, and cognitive changes along with the need to change norms and lifestyles in a global context. The present study aims to test the psychometric properties and the gender invariance of the Italian adaptation of the PVDQ to confirm that the scale can be used with Italian-speaking people, and that it functions effectively during a pandemic.MethodsA total of 509 participants filled out an online questionnaire including the Italian version of the I-PVDQ (I-PVDQ) and several measures of psychological constructs. Reliability and factor analyses (single and multigroup) were conducted. Bayesian correlation tests and Bayesian independent samplet-tests were used to assess the validity of I-PVDQ.ResultsExploratory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the I-PVDQ, and factor loadings loaded appropriately onto perceived infectability (PI) and germ aversion (GA). In terms of invariance, the scale showed configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across genders. Decisive evidence in favor of correlation with the measure of COVID-19 related fears for both PI and GA was found. There was strong evidence for observed correlations with COVID-19 related constructs such as intolerance to uncertainty, psychological inflexibility, resilience, stress, and anxiety. Women showed higher GA than men, while there were no gender differences in PI.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that the I-PVDQ confirms the psychometric properties of the original version and that can be used to detect PVD when it is affected by environmental circumstances since its functioning is preserved during a pandemic.
Development of a methodology for the characterisation and assessment of biodeteriogens on archaeological surfaces by use of a portable LED-induced fluorescence instrument
Authors: Giakoumaki A. , Philippidis A. , Siozos P. , Pyrri I. , Anglos D. , Pouli P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study focuses on the development of a fast, non-invasive methodology, appropriate for the detection and characterization of biodeterioration present on the surface of archaeological/historical stone objects and monuments, by exploiting the characteristic fluorescence emission of biological deposits. Fluorescence spectra were collected by use of a portable LED (Light Emitting Diode)-Induced Fluorescence (LED-IF) instrument. Three limestone fragments and one mortar fragment, from different monuments in Greece, presenting various types of biodeterioration on their surface, have been investigated in the laboratory. First, fluorescence emission spectra were acquired with a benchtop laboratory spectrofluorometer in order to select the optimum excitation wavelengths for the fluorophores present in the biological crust. An evaluation of the portable LED-IF instrument was conducted by assessing the performance of its optical components and different LED excitation sources, while an investigation of several experimental parameters on the fluorescence signal was also performed. Furthermore, issues related to the efficiency of detection and identification of biological growth have been studied, such as the effect of sample surface wetting on the fluorescence signal. The results of the present study demonstrate that the LED-IF instrument can be used for a fast and reliable assessment of the presence of biodeterioration on monuments.
Low microbiome diversity in threatened amphibians from two biodiversity hotspots
Authors: Greenspan Sasha E. , Peloso Pedro , Fuentes-González Jesualdo A. , Bletz Molly , Lyra Mariana L. , Machado Ibere F. , Martins Renato A. , Medina Daniel , Moura-Campos Diego , Neely Wesley J. , Preuss Jackson , Sturaro Marcelo J. , Vaz Renata I. , Navas Carlos A. , Toledo Luís Felipe , Tozetti Alexandro M. , Vences Miguel , Woodhams Douglas C. , Haddad Célio F. B. , Pienaar Jason , Becker C. Guilherme 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicrobial diversity positively influences community resilience of the host microbiome. However, extinction risk factors such as habitat specialization, narrow environmental tolerances, and exposure to anthropogenic disturbance may homogenize host-associated microbial communities critical for stress responses including disease defense. In a dataset containing 43 threatened and 90 non-threatened amphibian species across two biodiversity hotspots (Brazil’s Atlantic Forest and Madagascar), we found that threatened host species carried lower skin bacterial diversity, after accounting for key environmental and host factors. The consistency of our findings across continents suggests the broad scale at which low bacteriome diversity may compromise pathogen defenses in species already burdened with the threat of extinction.
Interactions dietary components with expression level of breast cancer-related genes
Authors: Bourbour Fatemeh , Pourtaheri Azam , Abbasi Khadijeh , Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh Naeemeh , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Hajipour Azadeh , Abdollahi Sepideh , Bagheri Seyedeh Elaheh , Ahmadzadeh Mina , Doaei Saeid , Haghighian Arezoo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDietary components can influence the effects of genetic background in breast cancer (BC). This review study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary components on the expression level of BC-related genes.MethodsIn this narrative review, Embase, PubMed, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane databases were used to collect the related papers with interactions of BC, genetics, and dietary intake. Appropriate keywords such as BC, gene expression, mutation, nutrient, and diet (alone and together) were applied for data collection.ResultsThe association of BC with some genes including the BC1 gene (BRCA1), the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene can be affected by dietary components. Moderate B12 supplementation may be protective against BC in people with the inherited mutation ofBRCA. The olive oil may have a protective effect against BC through several mechanisms such as suppressingHER-2expression. Furthermore, high glycemic index foods may increase the risk of BC by the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway and the up-regulation ofFTOgene expression.ConclusionThere are interactions between BC, BC-related genes, and dietary intake. Dietary components such as macronutrients, micronutrients, and phytochemicals may regulate the expression level of BC-related genes. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the associations between BC-related genes and diet and to discover the underlying mechanisms.
Quantitative differentiation of benign and misfolded glaucoma-causing myocilin variants on the basis of protein thermal stability
Authors: Scelsi Hailee F. , Hill Kamisha R. , Barlow Brett M. , Martin Mackenzie D. , Lieberman Raquel L. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Accurate predictions of the pathogenicity of mutations associated with genetic diseases are key to the success of precision medicine. Inherited missense mutations in the myocilin (MYOC) gene, within its olfactomedin (OLF) domain, constitute the strongest genetic link to primary open-angle glaucoma via a toxic gain of function, and thus MYOC is an attractive precision-medicine target. However, not all mutations in MYOC cause glaucoma, and common variants are expected to be neutral polymorphisms. The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) lists ∼100 missense variants documented within OLF, all of which are relatively rare (allele frequency &lt;0.001%) and nearly all are of unknown pathogenicity. To distinguish disease-causing OLF variants from benign OLF variants, we first characterized the most prevalent population-based variants using a suite of cellular and biophysical assays, and identified two variants with features of aggregation-prone familial disease variants. Next, we considered all available biochemical and clinical data to demonstrate that pathogenic and benign variants can be differentiated statistically based on a single metric: the thermal stability of OLF. Our results motivate genotyping MYOC in patients for clinical monitoring of this widespread, painless and irreversible ocular disease.
The Experiences, Influences and Concerns of Future Orthopaedic Surgeons: Comparing Uk and non-UK Perspectives
Authors: Galloway Richard , Chandrakumar Charmilie , Shanmuganathan Kanatheepan , Chotai Neil , Jeyaseelan Lucky 
Published: December 2022

Aims/background This study aims to identify and analyse the factors that influence or discourage junior doctors in the UK and across the world from wanting to pursue a career in orthopaedics. Methods A prospective, cohort study was carried out via an online questionnaire targeted at aspiring orthopaedic surgeons. Results A total of 654 respondents met inclusion criteria; 370 (56.6%) were UK-based and 284 (43.4%) were based abroad. The practical and technical nature of orthopaedics was the biggest influencing factor globally. UK respondents were notably more concerned by the financial impact of training (49%) followed by poor work-life balance (36%). Themes from the comments section revealed concern regarding gender bias and a lack of diverse role models within orthopaedics. Conclusions Reducing the cost and length of training, diversification of role models, removal of bias and increasing positive early experiences may help to encourage people of all backgrounds to pursue a career in orthopaedic surgery.
Sub-nanometer measurement of transient structural changes in dye-doped polystyrene microspheres
Authors: Asgari Pegah , Dogru Yüksel Itir Bakiş , Blab Gerhard A. , Gerritsen Hans C. , Mosk Allard P. 
Published: December 2022

We present an interferometric spectral-domain optical coherence tomography microscopy setup to detect structural changes using interference of light reflected from different interfaces of the sample. We induce a reproducible nanometer-scale size change in dye-doped 10-µm polystyrene microspheres by the release of Stokes shift energy of dye molecules inside the microspheres, excited by a modulated 532-nm laser. The resulting optical path length difference was measured with a sensitivity of

0.4

p
m

/

H
z

limited by photodetection noise, and reveals elastic as well as inelastic responses, which opens up possibilities for measuring the response of cell-sized biological objects.
Targeted delivery of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid to lungs in the form of an inhaler for the management of tuberculosis: Pharmacokinetic and toxicity assessment
Authors: Saini Vinay , Debnath Sujit Kumar , Maske Priyanka , Dighe Vikas , Srivastava Rohit 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are triterpenoids. They are used to treat numerous diseases, including tuberculosis. Combinations of these drugs provide new insight into the management of tuberculosis. The major obstacle is the effective delivery of these drugs to the lungs, which are mainly affected due to M. tuberculosis. A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) was developed to address this issue containing UA and OA, followed by in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation.

Methods
In the present study, MDI formulation was prepared by incorporating UA and OA at the dose level of 120 μg/ml in each actuation. In-vitro evaluation of this MDI formulation was performed to ensure its suitability to deliver UA and OA preciously. With prior approval of IAEC, a pharmacokinetic and acute inhalation toxicity study was conducted using MDI on Wistar rats.

Results
The pharmacokinetic study showed an increased biological half-life of UA (9.23±0.104 h) and OA (8.93±0.166 h) in combination therapy. In-vivo toxicity study demonstrated no adverse effects on body weight and vital organs in the treatment group compared with the control group. Histopathology examination of these essential organs showed no abnormalities. Mild alternation in the biochemical and hematological parameters was observed. However, these alterations did not affect the overall health of the animals.

Conclusion
The present study documents a detailed study for the safety and pharmacokinetics of UA and OA in-vivo for their advanced application in tuberculosis disease.