bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermionic dark matter in Dynamical Scotogenic Model
Authors: Chun Eung Jin , Roy Abhishek , Mandal Sanjoy , Mitra Manimala 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the Dynamical Scotogenic Model, the global B − L symmetry is supposed to be broken spontaneously resulting in a massless Goldstone boson called majoron, and massive right handed neutrinos which participate in the generation of light neutrino massses at one-loop. One of them being the lightest stable particle can be a thermal dark matter candidate. We discuss how the dark matter phenomenology differs from the original Scotogenic model, taking into account all the constraints coming from the observed neutrino masses and mixing, lepton flavor violations such as μ → eγ, μ → eJ, astrophysical and cosmological observations of stellar cooling and Neff, as well as collider signatures such as Higgs invisible decays. We find that the dark matter annihilation to majorons plays an important role to produce the right relic abundance.
Path-integral quantization of tensionless (super) string
Authors: Chen Bin , Hu Zezhou , Yu Zhe-fei , Zheng Yu-fan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, we study the tensionless (super)string in the formalism of path-integral quantization. We introduce BMS bc and βγ ghosts intrinsically by accounting for the Faddeev-Popov determinants appeared in fixing the gauges. We then do canonical quantization and obtain the critical dimensions for different tensionless strings. We find that among four kinds of tensionless superstrings, the 𝒩 = 2 homogeneous and inhomogeneous doublet tensionless superstrings have the same critical dimension as the usual superstrings. Taking the BMS bc and βγ ghosts as new types of BMS free field theories, we find that their enhanced underlying symmetries are generated by BMS-Kac-Moody algebras, with the Kac-Moody subalgebras being built from a three-dimensional non-abelian and non-semi-simple Lie algebra.
Three-dimensional orbifolds by 2-groups
Authors: Perez-Lona Alonso , Sharpe Eric 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper we generalize previous work on decomposition in three-dimensional orbifolds by 2-groups realized as analogues of central extensions, to orbifolds by more general 2-groups. We describe the computation of such orbifolds in physics, state a version of the decomposition conjecture, and then compute in numerous examples, checking that decomposition works as advertised.
Temporal adaptation of sensory attenuation for self-touch
Authors: Fritz Clara , Zimmermann Eckart 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe sensory consequences of our actions appear attenuated to us. This effect has been reported for external sensations that are evoked by auditory or visual events and for body-related sensations which are produced by self-touch. In the present study, we investigated the effects of prolonged exposure to a delay between an action and the generated sensation on sensory attenuation for self-touch. Previously, it has been shown that after being presented to a systematic exposure delay, artificially delayed touch can feel more intense and non-delayed touches can appear less intense. Here, we investigated the temporal spread of the temporal recalibration effect. Specifically, we wondered whether this temporal recalibration effect would affect only the delay that was used during exposure trials or if it would also modulate longer test delays. In the first two experiments, we tested three test delays (0, 100 and 400 ms) either in randomized or in blocked order. We found sensory attenuation in all three test intervals but no effect of the exposure delay. In Experiment 3, we replicated the experiment by Kilteni et al. (ELife 8:e42888, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42888) and found evidence for temporal recalibration by exposure delay. Our data show that the temporal selectivity of sensory attenuation of self-touch depends on presenting a singular test delay only. Presenting multiple test delays leads to a temporally broad spread of sensory attenuation.
Systematic Analysis of Diverse Polynucleotide Kinase Clp1 Family Proteins in Eukaryotes: Three Unique Clp1 Proteins of Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Saito Motofumi , Inose Rerina , Sato Asako , Tomita Masaru , Suzuki Haruo , Kanai Akio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Clp1 family proteins, consisting of the Clp1 and Nol9/Grc3 groups, have polynucleotide kinase (PNK) activity at the 5′ end of RNA strands and are important enzymes in the processing of some precursor RNAs. However, it remains unclear how this enzyme family diversified in the eukaryotes. We performed a large-scale molecular evolutionary analysis of the full-length genomes of 358 eukaryotic species to classify the diverse Clp1 family proteins. The average number of Clp1 family proteins in eukaryotes was 2.3 ± 1.0, and most representative species had both Clp1 and Nol9/Grc3 proteins, suggesting that the Clp1 and Nol9/Grc3 groups were already formed in the eukaryotic ancestor by gene duplication. We also detected an average of 4.1 ± 0.4 Clp1 family proteins in members of the protist phylum Euglenozoa. For example, in Trypanosoma brucei, there are three genes of the Clp1 group and one gene of the Nol9/Grc3 group. In the Clp1 group proteins encoded by these three genes, the C-terminal domains have been replaced by unique characteristics domains, so we designated these proteins Tb-Clp1-t1, Tb-Clp1-t2, and Tb-Clp1-t3. Experimental validation showed that only Tb-Clp1-t2 has PNK activity against RNA strands. As in this example, N-terminal and C-terminal domain replacement also contributed to the diversification of the Clp1 family proteins in other eukaryotic species. Our analysis also revealed that the Clp1 family proteins in humans and plants diversified through isoforms created by alternative splicing.
Hydrogel capsules as new approach for increasing drying survival of plant biostimulant gram-negative consortium
Authors: Chaparro-Rodríguez Martha , Estrada-Bonilla German , Rosas-Pérez Jaiver , Gómez-Álvarez Martha , Cruz-Barrera Mauricio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Several plant growth–promoting bacteria (PGPB) are gram-negative, and their cell viability is affected during the bio-inoculant production. Hence, formulation-drying processes provide challenges that limit the adoption of these beneficial microorganisms in sustainable agricultural production. Among delivery system strategies for gram-negative PGPB, the encapsulating cells in biopolymeric materials are emerging as a promising alternative. This research aims to evaluate the effect of additives and crosslinking agents on the survival of the consortium of Herbaspirillum frisingense AP21, Azospirillum brasilense D7, and Rhizobium leguminosarum T88 in hydrogel capsules. Three crosslinkers and diverse potential drying protectors were tested. Calcium gluconate provides notable consortium survival advantages regarding colony-forming units (CFUs) (losses of up to 4 log CFU) compared to calcium lactate and calcium chloride (up to 6 log CFU). Additives such as skimmed milk, whey protein, and Gelita® EC improve the recovery of viable cells after the drying process, demonstrating an increase in cell survival of the three bacteria by up to 4 log CFU. The combination of these substances into a capsule prototype extends the storage stability of bacterial consortium up to 3 months at 18 ± 2 °C. This study expands the knowledge for formulating gram-negative PGPB consortium, regarding the crosslinker and drying protector relationship on encapsulation processes with drying survival and further storage stability performance.

Key points
• Hydrogel immobilization formulation approach for PGPB consortium
• Enhancing drying survival of gram-negative PGPB consortium
• Increasing storage stability of PGPB consortium at 18 °C
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced neurotoxicity is not associated with seroprevalence of neurotropic infections
Authors: Schmitt C. , Hoefsmit E. P. , Fangmeier T. , Kramer N. , Kabakci C. , Vera González J. , Versluis J. M. , Compter A. , Harrer T. , Mijočević H. , Schubert S. , Hundsberger T. , Menzies A. M. , Scolyer R. A. , Long G. V. , French L. E. , Blank C. U. , Heinzerling L. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) substantially improve outcome for patients with cancer. However, the majority of patients develops immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can be persistent and significantly reduce quality of life. Neurological irAEs occur in 1–5% of patients and can induce severe, permanent sequelae or even be fatal. In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of neurological irAEs and to better understand their pathogenesis, we assessed whether previous neurotropic infections are associated with neurological irAEs.

Methods
Neurotropic infections that might predispose to ICI-induced neurological irAEs were analyzed in 61 melanoma patients from 3 countries, the Netherlands, Australia and Germany, including 24 patients with neurotoxicity and 37 control patients. In total, 14 viral, 6 bacterial, and 1 protozoal infections previously reported to trigger neurological pathologies were assessed using routine serology testing. The Dutch and Australian cohorts (NL) included pre-treatment plasma samples of patients treated with neoadjuvant ICI therapy (OpACIN-neo and PRADO trials; NCT02977052). In the Dutch/Australian cohort a total of 11 patients with neurological irAEs were compared to 27 control patients (patients without neurological irAEs). The German cohort (LMU) consisted of serum samples of 13 patients with neurological irAE and 10 control patients without any documented irAE under ICI therapy.

Results
The association of neurological irAEs with 21 possible preceding infections was assessed by measuring specific antibodies against investigated agents. The seroprevalence of all the tested viral (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr-Virus, varicella-zoster virus, measles, rubella, influenza A and B, human herpes virus 6 and 7, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, parvovirus B19, hepatitis A and E and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2), bacterial (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Campylobacter jejuni, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetti, Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis) and protozoal (Toxoplasma gondii) infections was similar for patients who developed neurological irAEs as compared to control patients. Thus, the analysis provided no evidence for an association of described agents tested for seroprevalence with ICI induced neurotoxicity.

Conclusion
Previous viral, bacterial and protozoal neurotropic infections appear not to be associated with the development of neurological irAEs in melanoma patients who underwent therapy with ICI across 3 countries. Further efforts are needed to unravel the factors underlying neurological irAEs in order to identify risk factors for these toxicities, especially with the increasing use of ICI in earlier stage disease.
A new method to estimate the histological stage of primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Hu Xing , Chang Jing , Li Weihua , Huang Chunyang , Zhang Haiping , Shen Jianjun , Shang Ning , Meng Fankun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To analyze the diagnostic efficacy of the periportal hypoechoic band (PHB) in the histological stage of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).

Methods
We prospectively included 77 cases of PBC pathologically or clinically confirmed, and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) measurements of the PHB were performed in all included patients. Ludwig staging system of histopathology was used as the gold standard.

Results
The width of the PHB was positively correlated with histological staging (r = 0.844, p < 0.001). By area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUROC), the best cutoff value for PHB for advanced stage (≥ stage 3) was 2.4 mm (AUROC: 0.934; 95%CI: 0.841–0.981) and 0.93 for sensitivity, and 0.91 for specificity, the concordance rates of PHB vs. liver biopsy was 90.3%. The correct rate for early-stage PBC was 87.9% and for the progressive stage was 93.1%. After multi-factor regression analysis, the PHB (OR = 1.331, CI = 1.105–1.603, p = 0.003) and total bilirubin (OR = 1.156, CI = 1.041–1.285, p = 0.007) were independent influencing factors for progressive PBC.

Conclusions
Measurement of the PHB to assess advanced PBC is a simple and effective method. This method may complement current methods for the histological staging assessment of patients with PBC.

Registration
Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR 2000032053, 2020/04/19.

Clinical relevance statement
The measurement of periportal hypoechoic band (PHB) provides a simple and easy assessment of the degree of disease progression in patients with PBC and provides an important clinical reference in predicting the histological staging of PBC from an ultrasound perspective.

Key Points
• The PHB is correlated with histological staging in the patient with PBC.
• The area under the ROC curves of PHB for detecting advanced stage (≥ stage 3) were 0.934 and 0.93 for sensitivity, and 0.91 for specificity, the concordance rates of PHB vs. liver biopsy was 90.3%. The application of PHB can better assess the advanced PBC.
• Measurement of the PHB to assess advanced PBC is a simple and effective method that can significantly reduce the need for liver biopsy.
Glycaemic control and insulin therapy are significant confounders of the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fröhlich Hanna , Bossmeyer Anna , Kazmi Syed , Goode Kevin M. , Agewall Stefan , Atar Dan , Grundtvig Morten , Frey Norbert , Cleland John G. F. , Frankenstein Lutz , Clark Andrew L. , Täger Tobias 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
A high body mass index (BMI) confers a paradoxical survival benefit in patients with heart failure (HF) or diabetes mellitus (DM). There is, however, controversy whether an obesity paradox is also present in patients with HF and concomitant DM. In addition, the influence of glycaemic control and diabetes treatment on the presence or absence of the obesity paradox in patients with HF and DM is unknown.

Methods
We identified 2936 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the HF registries of the universities of Heidelberg, Germany, and Hull, UK (general sample). Of these, 598 (20%) were treated for concomitant DM (DM subgroup). The relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality was analysed in both the general sample and the DM subgroup. Patients with concomitant DM were stratified according to HbA1c levels or type of diabetes treatment and analyses were repeated.

Results
We found an inverse BMI-mortality relationship in both the general sample and the DM subgroup. However, the obesity paradox was less pronounced in patients with diabetes treated with insulin and it disappeared in those with poor glycaemic control as defined by HbA1c levels > 7.5%.

Conclusion
In patients with HFrEF, a higher BMI is associated with better survival irrespective of concomitant DM. However, insulin treatment and poor glycaemic control make the relationship much weaker.

Graphical abstract
Functional, biological, and radiological evaluation of the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis 1 year after pancreatoduodenectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Joliat Gaëtan-Romain , Allemann Pierre , Labgaa Ismail , Demartines Nicolas , Vietti Violi Naik , Schmidt Sabine , Schäfer Markus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This prospective study aimed to analyze the functional, biological, and radiological aspects of the pancreatic anastomosis 1 year after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Methods
From 2016 to 2019, patients with PD indication were screened. Questionnaires about pancreas insufficiency, fecal elastase tests, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed before and 1 year after PD.

Results
Twenty patients were prospectively included. The only difference between pre- and postoperative questionnaires was constipation (less frequent 1 year after PD). Median pre- and postoperative fecal elastase levels were 96 μg/g (IQR 15–196, normal value > 200) and 15 μg/g (IQR 15–26, p = 0.042). There were no significant differences in terms of main pancreatic duct (MPD) size (4, IQR 3–5 vs. 4 mm, IQR 3–5, p = 0.892), border regularity, stenosis, visibility, image improvement, and secondary pancreatic duct dilation before and after secretin injection. All patients but one (2 refused and 2 were lost to follow-up, 15/16, 94%) had a patent pancreaticojejunal anastomosis on 1-year MRI.

Conclusion
Although median 1-year fecal elastase was significantly lower than preoperatively, suggesting that exocrine secretion was altered, the anatomical outcome as assessed by MRI was excellent showing high patency rate (15/16, 94%) at 1 year. This emphasizes the difference between anatomy and function.
Regeneration of starfish radial nerve cord restores animal mobility and unveils a new coelomocyte population
Authors: Magalhães Filipe , Andrade Claúdia , Simões Beatriz , Brigham Fredi , Valente Ruben , Martinez Pedro , Rino José , Sugni Michela , Coelho Ana Varela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe potential to regenerate a damaged body part is expressed to a different extent in animals. Echinoderms, in particular starfish, are known for their outstanding regenerating potential. Differently, humans have restricted abilities to restore organ systems being dependent on limited sources of stem cells. In particular, the potential to regenerate the central nervous system is extremely limited, explaining the lack of natural mechanisms that could overcome the development of neurodegenerative diseases and the occurrence of trauma. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of regeneration in starfish could help the development of new therapeutic approaches in humans. In this study, we tackle the problem of starfish central nervous system regeneration by examining the external and internal anatomical and behavioral traits, the dynamics of coelomocyte populations, and neuronal tissue architecture after radial nerve cord (RNC) partial ablation. We noticed that the removal of part of RNC generated several anatomic anomalies and induced behavioral modifications (injured arm could not be used anymore to lead the starfish movement). Those alterations seem to be related to defense mechanisms and protection of the wound. In particular, histology showed that tissue patterns during regeneration resemble those described in holothurians and in starfish arm tip regeneration. Flow cytometry coupled with imaging flow cytometry unveiled a new coelomocyte population during the late phase of the regeneration process. Morphotypes of these and previously characterized coelomocyte populations were described based on IFC data. Further studies of this new coelomocyte population might provide insights on their involvement in radial nerve cord regeneration.
Steinmetzwerkzeuge aus dem römischen Marmorsteinbruchrevier Spitzelofen (Österreich)
Authors: Karl Stephan 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge eines archäologischen Surveys im römischen Marmorsteinbruchrevier Spitzelofen im Jahr 2021 wurden unter anderen zwei Steinmetzwerkzeuge gefunden, welche die bisherige Anzahl von über 30 Steinbruchwerkzeugen von dieser Lagerstätte erweitern. Bei den Neufunden handelt es sich um Werkzeuge für die eigentliche Steinbearbeitung, d. h. für das Zurichten der abgekeilten bzw. herausgebrochenen Steinblöcke zu Roh- bzw. Halbfertigprodukten: ein zweibahniger Hammer mit ausschwingenden Enden und ein schmaler Breitmeißel. Der Hammer (lat. malleus) kann einem Hammertyp zugewiesen werden, der als archäologisches Fundstück rar, jedoch in einigen Reliefdarstellungen, zumeist auf Grabdenkmalen, von der Zeitenwende bis zum Ende des 3. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. nachzuweisen ist. Auf diesen Grabdenkmalen erscheint dieser Hammertyp stets als Teil eines Werkzeugsets, zumeist mit Messwerkzeugen und Meißeln (lat. scalpra) kombiniert. Die dargestellten Werkzeuge kennzeichnen – in einem Fall auch durch die Grabinschrift belegt – das berufliche Umfeld des Verstorbenen als Marmorarius, als eine mit Marmor arbeitende Person, dessen Arbeitsbereich sich von der Steingewinnung bis zur Herstellung von Objekten und Bauten aus Marmor erstrecken kann. Entgegen der häufigen Annahme, dass sich Werkzeuge der Steinbearbeitung bis zur Neuzeit kaum verändert haben, zeigen sie doch charakteristische Eigenschaften ihrer Zeit.
Li–Yau type inequality for curves in any codimension
Authors: Miura Tatsuya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor immersed curves in Euclidean space of any codimension we establish a Li–Yau type inequality that gives a lower bound of the (normalized) bending energy in terms of multiplicity. The obtained inequality is optimal for any codimension and any multiplicity except for the case of planar closed curves with odd multiplicity; in this remaining case we discover a hidden algebraic obstruction and indeed prove an exhaustive non-optimality result. The proof is mainly variational and involves Langer–Singer’s classification of elasticae and André’s algebraic-independence theorem for certain hypergeometric functions. We also discuss applications to elastic flows, networks, and knots.
Association between lesion location and sensorimotor rhythms in stroke – a systematic review with narrative synthesis
Authors: Kancheva Ivana , van der Salm Sandra M. A. , Ramsey Nick F. , Vansteensel Mariska J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Stroke causes alterations in the sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) of the brain. However, little is known about the influence of lesion location on the SMRs. Understanding this relationship is relevant for the use of SMRs in assistive and rehabilitative therapies, such as Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)..

Methods
We reviewed current evidence on the association between stroke lesion location and SMRs through systematically searching PubMed and Embase and generated a narrative synthesis of findings.

Results
We included 12 articles reporting on 161 patients. In resting-state studies, cortical and pontine damage were related to an overall decrease in alpha (∼8–12 Hz) and increase in delta (∼1–4 Hz) power. In movement paradigm studies, attenuated alpha and beta (∼15–25 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) was shown in stroke patients during (attempted) paretic hand movement, compared to controls. Stronger reductions in alpha and beta ERD in the ipsilesional, compared to contralesional hemisphere, were observed for cortical lesions. Subcortical stroke was found to affect bilateral ERD and ERS, but results were highly variable.

Conclusions
Findings suggest a link between stroke lesion location and SMR alterations, but heterogeneity across studies and limited lesion location descriptions precluded a meta-analysis.

Significance
Future research would benefit from more uniformly defined outcome measures, homogeneous methodologies, and improved lesion location reporting.
Debiasing SHAP scores in random forests
Authors: Loecher Markus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlack box machine learning models are currently being used for high-stakes decision making in various parts of society such as healthcare and criminal justice. While tree-based ensemble methods such as random forests typically outperform deep learning models on tabular data sets, their built-in variable importance algorithms are known to be strongly biased toward high-entropy features. It was recently shown that the increasingly popular SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values suffer from a similar bias. We propose debiased or "shrunk" SHAP scores based on sample splitting which additionally enable the detection of overfitting issues at the feature level.