bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antecedents to the conspicuous consumption of luxury fashion brands by middle-income black South Africans
Authors: Saruchera Fanny , Mthombeni Lebohang 
Published: January 2023

PurposeSouth Africa is increasingly becoming an attractive market for luxury fashion brands due to the growing middle-income consumer segment, which is perceived to be upwardly mobile. Despite evidence of black South African's exhibition of heightened interest in conspicuous consumption (CC), there seems to be limited research addressing the drivers and implications of such behaviour. This study aims to investigate the antecedents of CC by middle-income black South Africans and the marketing implications thereof.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a survey questionnaire approach and a quantitative methodology for primary data collection. Data were gathered from a sample of 170 respondents across South Africa and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) through SPSS and Mplus software. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test model fit, reliability and validity of measurement instruments, while path modelling was used to test hypotheses adopted by this report.FindingsAmong the major findings made by this report was that social class signalling positively influenced CC. In contrast, CC was not predicted by status consumption (SC). This study concluded that social factors motivated the CC of luxury fashion brands by middle-income black South Africans.Practical implicationsThis study's key recommendations were for marketing professionals to imbue overt status cues in their brand campaigns to drive the consumption of luxury fashion brands. Future studies could investigate whether or not the findings of this study are applicable across ethnic demographics in South Africa.Originality/valueThe study extends the discourse of the antecedents of ethnic consumer behavioural patterns in a historically segregated market. It weighs in on the growing research addressing factors driving the middle-income population from emerging economies to consume luxury fashion brands conspicuously.
Achieving gender equality in seafaring: an analysis of stakeholders' suggestions
Authors: Tang Lijun 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis paper examines the changes suggested by maritime stakeholders to achieve gender equality in seafaring, a male-dominated profession.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a four-stage career cycle framework, this paper analyzes changes proposed by 423 industry stakeholders to promote gender equality in seafaring. These proposed changes were posted on the Day of Seafarers 2019 virtual wall set up by the International Maritime Organization, which served as a forum for industry stakeholders from all over the world to voice their opinions and suggestions.FindingsThe data analysis shows that the suggested changes reflect many challenges and barriers women seafarers face. While stakeholders from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries are more likely to call for changes to remove barriers in the retention and development stage, gender equality in seafaring in non-OECD countries is still seriously hindered by barriers in the recruitment stage. The paper also reveals that comparatively male stakeholders are less likely to appreciate the problems women seafarers face.Originality/valueThis paper takes a comparative approach, comparing the changes proposed by seafarers and other industry stakeholders from different parts of the world. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of issues related to gender equality in seafaring by showing that stakeholders from different backgrounds have different priorities.
An analysis of precautionary savings practices of professional football players
Authors: Schlesinger Torsten , Barth Michael , Bartsch Matti , Pitsch Werner 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe comparatively high salaries of professional players during their active athletic career should allow them to accumulate an adequate level of precautionary savings for a financially autonomous post-sport career. However, not all players succeed in accumulating sustainable financial assets. Therefore, the question arises how professional players' financial precaution within the social setting football is shaped. As no empirical analyses have yet been carried out on this issue, the study study examines football players' precautionary practices and motives.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 German (former) professional football players. The authors used qualitative content analysis to analyse the data, expanding the analysis to include reconstructive elements to create different precautionary types.FindingsThe results reveal that players deal with both career-specific as well as precaution-related risks quite heterogeneously. Accordingly, three precautionary types characterised by distinct forms of precautionary saving practices are identified. The authors also find that although the players are aware of the uncertainties and risks related to their professional football careers, it does not say much about the concrete implementation of adequate precautionary practices.Practical implicationsThe findings contribute to a better understanding of precautionary saving practices among football players.Social implicationsMoreover, the findings contribute to a better understanding of precautionary saving practices not only specifically among (former) football players, but generally among individuals that face high occupational career risks and earn high salaries to develop preventative concepts and approaches to sustainable financial planning.Originality/valueThis paper is the first empirical study that analyses precautionary savings practices of the specific population of elite athletes in high income sports professional football.
Lean thinking and strategy deployment: adapting Hoshin Kanri and A3-based project prioritization in police services
Authors: Santhiapillai Felix Preshanth , Ratnayake R.M. Chandima 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a methodology to support public managers' adaptation of the Hoshin Kanri (HK) strategy deployment approach in the context of lean thinking (LT), considering strategic alignment and consensus reaching when prioritizing a vital few of the organization's continuous improvement (CI) projects.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology incorporates the A3 problem-solving report into the HK approach to identify and outline CI projects. The priority and deployment of the projects are weighted by a composite score for impact and innovation using the Delphi method. The proposed methodology was applied in one Norwegian police district as part of action research.FindingsThe obtained results indicate that the proposed methodology provides an intuitive and systematic approach to weigh the importance and ensure alignment of CI projects with the organization's strategy and goals. Consequently, this minimizes the possibility of strategy deployment priorities being weighted by decision bias and siloed decision-making.Originality/valueThe literature on strategy deployment in the context of LT in police services is significantly limited and this study aids in fixing this gap. The adapted HK approach can support the implementation of LT as an integral part of a comprehensive strategic management system, thereby enabling knowledge sharing and exploration of the extendibility of implemented best practices and improvement ideas to problems arising across the organization.
Serum HE4 predicts progestin treatment response in endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia: A prognostic study
Authors: Barr Chloe E. , Sergeant Jamie C. , Agnew Heather J. , Bolton James , McVey Rhona J. , Crosbie Emma J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate serum human epididymis‐4 (HE4) as a predictive biomarker of intrauterine progestin response in endometrial cancer and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH).DesignProspective prognostic factor study.SettingConsecutive sample of women attending a tertiary gynaecological oncology centre in northwest England.PopulationWomen with AEH or early‐stage, low‐grade endometrial cancer who were unfit for or declined primary surgical management.MethodsA total of 76 women, 32 with AEH and 44 with endometrial cancer, were treated with a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) for 12 months. Endometrial biopsies and imaging were performed to assess treatment response. Pretreatment serum HE4 was analysed by chemiluminescence immunoassay and diagnostic accuracy and logistic regression analyses were performed.Main Outcome MeasuresProgestin response at 12 months defined by histology and imaging.ResultsThe median age and body mass index (BMI) of the final cohort were 52 years (interquartile range [IQR] 33–62 years) and 46 kg/m2 (IQR 38–54 kg/m2), respectively. Baseline serum HE4 was significantly higher in non‐responders than responders (119.2 pmol/L, IQR 94.0–208.4 pmol/L versus 71.8 pmol/L, IQR 56.1–84.2 pmol/L, p < 0.001). Older age (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99, p = 0.02), baseline serum HE4 (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p = 0.001) and endometrial cancer histology (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.72–0.68, p = 0.009) were associated with a lower likelihood of progestin treatment response. Serum HE4 remained independently associated with progestin treatment failure when adjusted for age and histology (adjusted hazard ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p = 0.008).ConclusionSerum HE4 shows promise as a predictive biomarker of progestin treatment response in endometrial cancer and AEH.
Sono‐activation of food enzymes: From principles to practice
Authors: Ma Xiaobin , Liu Donghong , Hou Furong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, sono‐activation of enzymes as an emerging research area has received considerable attention from food researchers. This kind of relatively new application of ultrasound has demonstrated promising potential in facilitating the modern food industry by broadening the application of various food enzymes, improving relevant industrial unit operation and productivity, as well as increasing the yield of target products. This review aims to provide insight into the fundamental principles and possible industrialization strategies of the sono‐activation of food enzymes to facilitate its commercialization. This review first provides an overview of ultrasound application in the activation of food protease, carbohydrase, and lipase. Then, the recent development on ultrasound activation of food enzymes is discussed on aspects including mechanisms, influencing factors, modification effects, and its applications in real food systems for free and immobilized enzymes. Despite the far fewer studies on sono‐activation of immobilized enzymes compared with those on free enzymes, we endeavored to summarize the relevant aspects in three stages: ultrasound pretreatment of free enzyme/carrier, assistance in immobilization process, and modification of the already immobilized enzyme. Lastly, challenges for the scalability of ultrasound in these target areas are discussed and future research prospects are proposed.
E‐cigarette cessation and transitions in combusted tobacco smoking status: longitudinal findings from the US FDA PATH Study
Authors: Klemperer Elias M. , Bunn Janice Y. , Palmer Amanda M. , Smith Tracy T. , Toll Benjamin A. , Cummings K. Michael , Carpenter Matthew J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsElectronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) can help people to quit smoking combusted tobacco products (CTPs), but most current and former smokers who use ENDS also intend to quit ENDS. This analysis measured whether ENDS cessation among current and former CTP smokers is associated with changes in CTP smoking or abstinence.DesignRegression analysis of a nationally representative cohort from waves 4 (W4) and 5 (W5) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (December 2016–November 2019).SettingUnited States.ParticipantsAdults (n = 1525) who reported W4 current or former use of ≥ 1 CTP and either currently using ENDS or quitting ENDS in the past year were included.MeasurementsLogistic regressions were performed separately among W4 current and former CTP smokers, controlling for demographic and tobacco use characteristics. First, we analyzed proximal outcomes by testing the association between ENDS quit status and CTP abstinence, both occurring during W5. Next, we analyzed long‐term outcomes by testing W4 ENDS quit status as a predictor of CTP abstinence at W5, approximately 1 year later.FindingsAmong W4 current CTP smokers, there was no evidence that CTP smoking abstinence differed between those quitting or continuing using ENDS, both in our proximal [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90, 2.10] and long‐term (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.52, 1.53) analyses. Among former CTP smokers, quitting ENDS was associated with less CTP abstinence in our proximal analysis (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20, 0.89), but there was no evidence that CTP smoking abstinence differed between those quitting or continuing using ENDS in our long‐term analysis (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.44, 1.67).ConclusionsThere is no evidence that ENDS cessation is associated with CTP abstinence among current smokers, although mixed findings among former smokers indicate a possible risk for relapse to smoking associated with quitting ENDS.
Delta‐8 tetrahydrocannabinol: a scoping review and commentary
Authors: LoParco Cassidy R. , Rossheim Matthew E. , Walters Scott T. , Zhou Zhengyang , Olsson Sofia , Sussman Steve Y. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDelta‐8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a psychoactive substance from the Cannabis plant that has been rising in popularity in the United States since the 2018 US Farm Bill implicitly legalized it. This study reviewed research from peer‐reviewed and non‐peer‐reviewed (e.g. anecdotal and news) reports related to delta‐8 THC to summarize current knowledge and implications for public health and safety.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Google as search engines, leading to the identification of 103 documents that were summarized. The themes that emerged were (1) legality, (2) use (popularity, motives, psychoactivity/potency, benefits/consequences), (3) synthesis (byproducts, laboratory testing) and (4) retail (availability, price, packaging, youth‐oriented marketing). A second author independently coded 20% of the documents, which verified the categorization of articles by these emergent themes.ResultsMost research used animal/cell models or focused upon ways to identify the chemical structure of delta‐8 THC in various products. Findings suggest that people often use delta‐8 THC as a substitute for other substances. Anecdotally, delta‐8 THC is a less potent psychoactive than delta‐9 THC; however, several negative consequences have been reported. There is no federal age restriction for purchase/possession of delta‐8 THC products. Delta‐8 THC is readily accessible on‐line, is typically less expensive than delta‐9 THC and is often marketed in ways that would seemingly appeal to children. There are no regulations on synthesis, resulting in products being contaminated and/or yielding inconsistent effects. There have been thousands of calls to US poison control centers due to accidental delta‐8 THC exposure among minors.ConclusionsMost research on delta‐8 THC is largely anecdotal, not peer‐reviewed and does not involve human subjects. Future research should examine delta‐8 THC use using nationally representative samples to more clearly understand the prevalence and consequences of use. Laws are needed to mitigate the risks of using delta‐8 THC, particularly quality control of synthesis and minimum purchase age.
A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during awake tracheal intubation
Authors: Shrimpton A. J. , O'Farrell G. , Howes H. M. , Craven R. , Duffen A. R. , Cook T. M. , Reid J. P. , Brown J. M. , Pickering A. E. ,   the Bristol Awake Fibre‐Optic Intubation Collective
Published: January 2023

SummaryAerosol‐generating procedures are medical interventions considered high risk for transmission of airborne pathogens. Tracheal intubation of anaesthetised patients is not high risk for aerosol generation; however, patients often perform respiratory manoeuvres during awake tracheal intubation which may generate aerosol. To assess the risk, we undertook aerosol monitoring during a series of awake tracheal intubations and nasendoscopies in healthy participants. Sampling was undertaken within an ultraclean operating theatre. Procedures were performed and received by 12 anaesthetic trainees. The upper airway was topically anaesthetised with lidocaine and participants were not sedated. An optical particle sizer continuously sampled aerosol. Passage of the bronchoscope through the vocal cords generated similar peak median (IQR [range]) aerosol concentrations to coughing, 1020 (645–1245 [120–48,948]) vs. 1460 (390–2506 [40–12,280]) particles.l-1 respectively, p = 0.266. Coughs evoked when lidocaine was sprayed on the vocal cords generated 91,700 (41,907–166,774 [390–557,817]) particles.l-1 which was significantly greater than volitional coughs (p < 0.001). For 38 nasendoscopies in 12 participants, the aerosol concentrations were relatively low, 180 (120–525 [0–9552]) particles.l-1, however, five nasendoscopies generated peak aerosol concentrations greater than a volitional cough. Awake tracheal intubation and nasendoscopy can generate high concentrations of respiratory aerosol. Specific risks are associated with lidocaine spray of the larynx, instrumentation of the vocal cords, procedural coughing and deep breaths. Given the proximity of practitioners to patient‐generated aerosol, airborne infection control precautions are appropriate when undertaking awake upper airway endoscopy (including awake tracheal intubation, nasendoscopy and bronchoscopy) if respirable pathogens cannot be confidently excluded.
Editorial: the burden of alcohol‐related liver disease emergency admissions in England may be twice as high as previously thought
Authors: King Jessica , Walker Kate , Van Der Meulen Jan , Bernal William ,   NIHR MAP‐CLD Project
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Dhanda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17307 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17366
Letter: improve survival in variceal bleeding in cirrhosis—place pTIPS as early as possible after index bleed. Authorsʼ reply
Authors: Dunne Philip , Finkel Jemima , Khan Faisal , Lachlan Neil , Patch David , Tripathi Dhiraj , Stanley Adrian , Hayes Peter 
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Dunne et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17252 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17322
Methamphetamine induces a low dopamine transporter expressing state without altering the total number of peripheral immune cells
Authors: Gopinath Adithya , Riaz Tabish , Miller Emily , Phan Leah , Smith Aidan , Syed Ohee , Franks Stephen , Martinez Luis R. , Khoshbouei Habibeh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMethamphetamine is a widely abused psychostimulant and one of the main targets of dopamine transporter (DAT). Methamphetamine reduces DAT‐mediated dopamine uptake and stimulates dopamine efflux leading to increased synaptic dopamine levels many folds above baseline. Methamphetamine also targets DAT‐expressing peripheral immune cells, reduces wound healing and increases infection susceptibility. Peripheral immune cells such as myeloid cells, B cells and T cells express DAT. DAT activity on monocytes and macrophages exhibits immune suppressive properties via an autocrine paracrine mechanism, where deletion or inhibition of DAT activity increases inflammatory responses. In this study, utilizing a mouse model of daily single dose of methamphetamine administration, we investigated the impact of the drug on DAT expression in peripheral immune cells. We found in methamphetamine‐treated mice that DAT expression was down‐regulated in most of the innate and adaptive immune cells. Methamphetamine did not increase or decrease the total number of innate and adaptive immune cells but changed their immunophenotype to low‐DAT‐expressing phenotype. Moreover, serum cytokine distributions were altered in methamphetamine‐treated mice. Therefore, resembling its effect in the CNS, in the periphery, methamphetamine regulates DAT expression on peripheral immune cell subsets, potentially describing methamphetamine regulation of peripheral immunity.
Genetically engineered mouse models for hereditary cancer syndromes
Authors: Biswas Kajal , Mohammed Altaf , Sharan Shyam K. , Shoemaker Robert H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdvances in molecular diagnostics have led to improved diagnosis and molecular understanding of hereditary cancers in the clinic. Improving the management, treatment, and potential prevention of cancers in carriers of predisposing mutations requires preclinical experimental models that reflect the key pathogenic features of the specific syndrome associated with the mutations. Numerous genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of hereditary cancer have been developed. In this review, we describe the models of Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, the two most common hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. We focus on Lynch syndrome models as illustrative of the potential for using mouse models to devise improved approaches to prevention of cancer in a high‐risk population. GEM models are an invaluable tool for hereditary cancer models. Here, we review GEM models for some hereditary cancers and their potential use in cancer prevention studies.
Developmental emergence of holistic processing in word recognition
Authors: Nischal Roshni Pushpa , Behrmann Marlene 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHolistic processing (HP) of faces refers to the obligatory, simultaneous processing of the parts and their relations, and it emerges over the course of development. HP is manifest in a decrement in the perception of inverted versus upright faces and a reduction in face processing ability when the relations between parts are perturbed. Here, adopting the HP framework for faces, we examined the developmental emergence of HP in another domain for which human adults have expertise, namely, visual word processing. Children, adolescents, and adults performed a lexical decision task and we used two established signatures of HP for faces: the advantage in perception of upright over inverted words and nonwords and the reduced sensitivity to increasing parts (word length). Relative to the other groups, children showed less of an advantage for upright versus inverted trials and lexical decision was more affected by increasing word length. Performance on these HP indices was strongly associated with age and with reading proficiency. Also, the emergence of HP for word perception was not simply a result of improved visual perception over the course of development as no group differences were observed on an object decision task. These results reveal the developmental emergence of HP for orthographic input, and reflect a further instance of experience‐dependent tuning of visual perception. These results also add to existing findings on the commonalities of mechanisms of word and face recognition.Research Highlights
Children showed less of an advantage for upright versus inverted trials compared to adolescents and adults.
Relative to the other groups, lexical decision in children was more affected by increasing word length.
Performance on holistic processing (HP) indices was strongly associated with age and with reading proficiency.
HP emergence for word perception was not due to improved visual perception over development as there were no group differences on an object decision task.