bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mfsd2a utilizes a flippase mechanism to mediate omega-3 fatty acid lysolipid transport
Authors: Chua Geok-Lin , Tan Bryan C. , Loke Randy Y. J. , He Menglan , Chin Cheen-Fei , Wong Bernice H. , Kuk Alvin C. Y. , Ding Mei , Wenk Markus R. , Guan Lan , Torta Federico , Silver David L. 
Published: February 2023

Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a) is a sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) transporter expressed at the blood–brain barrier that constitutes the main pathway by which the brain obtains omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexanoic acid. Mfsd2a deficiency in humans results in severe microcephaly, underscoring the importance of LPC transport by Mfsd2a for brain development. Biochemical studies and recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Mfsd2a bound to LPC suggest that Mfsd2a transports LPC via an alternating access mechanism between outward-facing and inward-facing conformational states in which the LPC inverts during transport between the outer and inner leaflet of a membrane. However, direct biochemical evidence of flippase activity by Mfsd2a has not been demonstrated and it is not understood how Mfsd2a could invert LPC between the outer and inner leaflet of the membrane in a sodium-dependent manner. Here, we established a unique in vitro assay using recombinant Mfsd2a reconstituted in liposomes that exploits the ability of Mfsd2a to transport lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) coupled with a small molecule LPS binding fluorophore that allowed for monitoring of directional flipping of the LPS headgroup from the outer to the inner liposome membrane. Using this assay, we demonstrate that Mfsd2a flips LPS from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane bilayer in a sodium-dependent manner. Furthermore, using cryo-EM structures as guides together with mutagenesis and a cell-based transport assay, we identify amino acid residues important for Mfsd2a activity that likely constitute substrate interaction domains. These studies provide direct biochemical evidence that Mfsd2a functions as a lysolipid flippase.
Investigation of semiconductor properties of Co/Si(111)-7 × 7 by AFM/KPFS
Authors: Qu Zhang , Sugawara Yasuhiro , Li Yanjun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Studies of the physics underlying carrier transport characteristics and band bending of semiconductors are critical for developing new types of devices. In this work, we investigated the physical properties of Co ring-like cluster (RC) reconstruction with a low Co coverage on a Si(111)-7 × 7 surface at atomic resolution by atomic force microscopy/Kelvin probe force microscopy at 78 K. We compared the applied bias dependence of frequency shift between two types of structure: Si(111)-7 × 7 and Co-RC reconstructions. As a result, the accumulation, depletion, and reversion layers were identified in the Co-RC reconstruction by bias spectroscopy. For the first time, we found that Co-RC reconstruction on the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface shows semiconductor properties by Kelvin probe force spectroscopy. The findings of this study are useful for developing new materials for semiconductor devices.
Thickness measurements of graphene oxide flakes using atomic force microscopy: results of an international interlaboratory comparison
Authors: Bu Tianjia , Gao Huifang , Yao Yaxuan , Wang Jianfeng , Pollard Andrew J , Legge Elizabeth J , Clifford Charles A , Delvallée Alexandra , Ducourtieux Sébastien , Lawn Malcolm A , Babic Bakir , Coleman Victoria A , Jämting Åsa , Zou Shan , Chen Maohui , Jakubek Zygmunt J , Iacob Erica , Chanthawong Narin , Mongkolsuttirat KittiSun , Zeng Guanghong , Almeida Clara Muniz , He Bo-Ching , Hyde Lachlan , Ren Lingling 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Flake thickness is one of the defining properties of graphene-related 2D materials (GR2Ms), and therefore requires reliable, accurate, and reproducible measurements with well-understood uncertainties. This is needed regardless of the production method or manufacturer because it is important for all GR2M products to be globally comparable. An international interlaboratory comparison on thickness measurements of graphene oxide flakes using atomic force microscopy has been completed in technical working area 41 of versailles project on advanced materials and standards. Twelve laboratories participated in the comparison project, led by NIM, China, to improve the equivalence of thickness measurement for two-dimensional flakes. The measurement methods, uncertainty evaluation and a comparison of the results and analysis are reported in this manuscript. The data and results of this project will be directly used to support the development of an ISO standard.
A scanning focus nuclear microscope with multi-pinhole collimation
Authors: Nguyen Minh Phuong , Arif Muhammad , Oostenrijk Bart , Goorden Marlies C , Beekman Freek J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Microscopic nuclear imaging down to spatial resolutions of a few hundred microns can already be achieved using low-energy gamma emitters (e.g. 125I, ∼30 keV) and a basic single micro-pinhole gamma camera. This has been applied to in vivo mouse thyroid imaging, for example. For clinically used radionuclides such as 99mTc, this approach fails due to penetration of the higher-energy gamma photons through the pinhole edges. To overcome these resolution degradation effects, we propose a new imaging approach: scanning focus nuclear microscopy (SFNM). We assess SFNM using Monte Carlo simulations for clinically used isotopes. SFNM is based on the use of a 2D scanning stage with a focused multi-pinhole collimator containing 42 pinholes with narrow pinhole aperture opening angles to reduce photon penetration. All projections of different positions are used to iteratively reconstruct a three-dimensional image from which synthetic planar images are generated. SFNM imaging was tested using a digital Derenzo resolution phantom and a mouse ankle joint phantom containing 99mTc (140 keV). The planar images were compared with those obtained using a single-pinhole collimator, either with matched pinhole diameter or with matched sensitivity. The simulation results showed an achievable 99mTc image resolution of 0.04 mm and detailed 99mTc bone images of a mouse ankle with SFNM. SFNM has strong advantages over single-pinhole imaging in terms of spatial resolution.
Experimental investigation of the radially-dependent ignition process in a pulsed capacitively coupled RF discharge: Effects of pressure, voltage and afterglow duration
Authors: Su Zi-Xuan , Zhao Kai , Jiang Ke , Liu Yong-Xin , Gao Fei , Wang You-Nian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The effects of the gas pressure, the voltage amplitude and the afterglow duration on the ignition process over 300 mm-diameter in a pulse-modulated capacitively coupled radio-frequency argon discharge are experimentally investigated. A home-made optical probe is used to measure the optical emission intensity (OEI) as a function of time since the beginning of each pulse at various radial positions. A voltage and a current probe are used to measure the voltage and current waveforms at the power feeding point and then the time-dependent power deposition is also obtained. It was found that the radial profile of the OEI exhibits complex evolution when changing these external conditions. At lower pressures, the ignition occurs earlier, and the radial-integral OEI and the power deposition overshoot more slightly during the ignition. By increasing the pressure, these two quantities overshoot more significantly, and the OEI gradually evolves from an edge-peaked radial profile to a center-high radial profile for a given time when the OEI increases rapidly during the ignition. When increasing the voltage amplitude, the ignition tends to occur earlier, featuring a more significant overshoot of the OEI and power deposition at a higher voltage. Compared to that at high voltage, the OEI exhibits a significant center-high radial profile at low voltage amplitude during the ignition. By increasing the afterglow duration, T
off, the ignition is delayed and the overshoot becomes more significant, due to a lower initial electron density when each pulse is turned on. During the phase when the growth rate of the OEI versus time is maximum, the OEI exhibits different radial distributions, i.e., it appears a center-high profile at short T
off, an edge-peaked profile at intermediate T
off, and a center-high profile at relatively long T
off.
Impact of the finite life-time of UHECR sources
Authors: Eichmann B. , Kachelrieß M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The observational data on ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECR), in particular their mass
composition, show strong indications for extremely hard spectra of individual mass groups of CR
nuclei at Earth. In this work, we show that such hard spectra can be the result of the finite
life-time of UHECR sources, if a few individual sources dominate the UHECR flux at the highest
energies. In this case, time delays induced by deflections in the turbulent extragalactic
magnetic field as well as from the diffusive or advective escape from the source environment can
suppress low-energy CRs, leading to a steepening of the observed spectrum. Considering radio
galaxies as the main source of UHECRs, we discuss the necessary conditions that few individual
sources dominate over the total contribution from the bulk of sources that have been active in the
past. We provide two proof-of-principle scenarios showing that for a turbulent extragalactic
magnetic field with a strength B and a coherence length l
coh, the life-time of a source
at a distance d
src should satisfy t
act ∼ (B/1 nG)2 (d
src/10 Mpc)2 (l
coh/1 Mpc) Myr to obtain the necessary hardening of the CR spectrum at Earth.
Preformation probability and kinematics of cluster emission yielding Pb-daughters*
Authors: Majekodunmi Joshua T. , Bhuyan M. , Anwar K. , Abdullah N. , Kumar Raj 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the present study, the newly established preformation formula is applied for the first time to study the kinematics of the cluster emission from various radioactive nuclei, especially those that decay to the double shell closure

Pb nucleus and its neighbors as daughters. The recently proposed universal cluster preformation formula has been established based on the concepts that underscore the influence of mass and charge asymmetry (

and

), cluster mass

, and the Q-value, paving the way to quantify the energy contribution during preformation as well as during the tunneling process separately. The cluster-daughter interaction potential is obtained by folding the relativistic mean-field (RMF) densities with the recently developed microscopic R3Y using the NL

and the phenomenological M3Y NN potentials to compare their adaptability. The penetration probabilities are calculated from the WKB approximation. With the inclusion of the new preformation probability

, the predicted half-lives of the R3Y and M3Y interactions are in good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, a careful inspection reflects slight differences in the decay half-lives, which arise from their respective barrier properties. The

for systems with double magic shell closure

Pb daughter are found to be an order of

higher than those with neighboring Pb daughter nuclei. By exploring the contributions of the decay energy, the recoil effect of the daughter nucleus is evaluated, in contrast to several other conjectures. Thus, the centrality of the

-value in the decay process is demonstrated and redefined within the preformed cluster-decay model. Additionally, we have introduced a simple and intuitive set of criteria that governs the estimation of recoil energy in the cluster radioactivity.
ELM temperature in JET and COMPASS tokamak divertors
Authors: Horacek J. , Tskhakaya D. , Cavalier J. , Adamek J. , Mana A.C. , Frassinetti L. , Beltrami A. , Lukes S. , Aleiferis S. , Matthews G. , Komm M. , Bilkova P. , Contributors JET 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Analysis of the divertor edge localized mode (ELM) electron temperature at a uniquely high temporal resolution (10−5 s) was reported at the JET tokamak (Guillemaut et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion
58 066006). By collecting divertor probe data obtained during many dozens of ELMs, the conditional-average (CAV) technique yields surprisingly low peak electron temperatures, far below the pedestal ones (70%–99% reduction!) which we, however, question. This result was interpreted through the collisional free-streaming kinetic model of ELMs, by a transfer of most of the electron energy to ions, implying a high tungsten sputtering for unmitigated ELMs in future fusion devices like ITER. Recently, direct microsecond temperature measurements on the COMPASS tokamak, however, showed that the electron temperature peak of ELM filaments measured in the divertor is reduced by less than a third with respect to the pedestal one. This was further confirmed by a dedicated 1D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation and tends to prove that the pedestal electrons can transfer only their parallel energy to ions (due to low collisionality), thus less than a third, as is predicted by the collisionless free-streaming model. This finding strongly contradicts the JET observations. We have therefore compared the CAV to the direct (microsecond) ball-pen and Langmuir probes measurements in COMPASS and found very good agreement between them. Revisiting the aforementioned JET CAV analysis indeed shows that the electron temperatures are much higher than previously reported, close to those predicted by the PIC simulation, and thus the ion energy seems to not significantly increase in the scrape-off layer.
Carbon stocks and fluxes in Asia-Pacific mangroves: current knowledge and gaps
Authors: Sharma Sahadev , Ray Raghab , Martius Christopher , Murdiyarso Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mangrove forest plays a key role in regulating climate change, earth carbon cycling and other biogeochemical processes within blue carbon ecosystems. Therefore, mangrove forests should be incorporated into Earth system climate models with the aim of understanding future climate change. Despite multiple carbon stock and flux assessments taking place over the past couple of decades, concrete knowledge of carbon source/sink patterns is largely lacking, particularly in the biodiversity-rich Asia-Pacific (AP) region with its 68 493 km2 of mangrove area. Thus, to understand the gaps in mangrove blue carbon research in the AP region, we summarize a recent decade-long inventory of carbon stock pools (aboveground, belowground and soil) and biogeochemical flux components (burial, export/import, soil-air and water-air CO2 flux) across 25 AP countries to understand the current knowledge and gaps. While carbon stock assessments of individual components are available for all 25 countries, whole ecosystem carbon stocks—including live and standing dead aboveground and belowground, downed woody debris and soil carbon stocks—are often lacking, even in highly researched countries like Indonesia. There is restricted knowledge around biogeochemical carbon fluxes in 55% of the countries, suggesting poor carbon flux research across the region. Focusing on flux components, reports on sediment-to-sea carbon exports are extremely limited (coming from just nine countries in the AP region). There is notable scarcity of data on carbon export fluxes in Indonesian mangroves. Given the key role AP mangroves play in climate change mitigation worldwide, more detailed and methodologically comparable investigation of biogeochemical source/sink processes is required to better understand the role of this large carbon source in global carbon stocks and fluxes, and hence, global climate.
Urban waterlogging mitigation based on the concept of sponge city
Authors: Xi C , Sakai N 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent years, many cities around the world have experienced severe urban waterlogging disasters due to decreasing rainfall infiltration caused by land cover changes with rapid urbanization, and increased frequency of heavy rainfall events, including localized torrential rain. Traditional drainage systems and internal control concepts have failed to meet the requirements of urban safety. To address the challenging problem of urban waterlogging, China proposed the Sponge City in 2014. From the perspective of natural climate and urban construction planning, this paper makes an analysis of the causes of urban waterlogging, points out the limitations of traditional drainage facilities, and discusses the many hazards associated with urban waterlogging. This paper explains the meaning of Sponge City and the basic ideas of Sponge City construction. Based on the discussion of Sponge City development, this paper analyzes the Sponge City construction in Xixian New Area, and explains the significance of Sponge City to solve the problem of urban waterlogging. Through this idea, I would like to explore the common issues in countries suffering from heavy rainfall disasters such as Japan and Malaysia. The study hopes to provide a deeper thinking on ways to use nature to solve the waterlogging.
Anhydrous MgCO3: Controllable synthesis of various morphology based on hydrothermal carbonization
Authors: Lu Yunhua , Bi Qiuyan , Zhang Qingwei , Wan Zhihao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A novel, simple and efficient anhydrous MgCO3 (AMC) synthesis method using ascorbic acid (ASA) has been developed based on the hydrothermal carbonization. In this process, ASA acts as both a CO2 source and a crystal modifier to regulate and control the crystallization of AMC. Furan derivatives, aldehydes and ketones from ascorbic acid play an unexpected role as a structure-directing agent. The effect of pH values of ASA, reaction time and the concentrations and types of Mg2+ were systematically investigated. Pure AMC with different morphology were successfully prepared.
Oxide TFTs with S/D-contacts patterned by high-resolution reverse-offset printed resist layers
Authors: Liu Fei , Sneck Asko , Alastalo Ari , Leppäniemi Jaakko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Besides the metal oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) in flat-panel displays that are fabricated using vacuum-processes, there is a growing interest in the fabrication of metal oxide TFTs by means of scalable, low-cost solution and printing processes for applications such as flexible displays and biosensors. Although devices with printed semiconductor and gate insulator can exhibit good electrical performance, source/drain-contacts (S/D) printed from silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) typically suffer from deteriorated electrical characteristics and stability problems. On the other hand, metals providing good contacts, such as aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti) and molybdenum (Mo), cannot be formed as air-stable NPs. To overcome these issues, we have developed a patterning method based on high-resolution reverse-offset printing (ROP) of a sacrificial polymer resist layer. ROP delivers patterns with micrometer-level resolution and steep sidewalls, which are ideal for patterning vacuum-deposited metal contacts at high resolution via lift-off process. Solution-processed indium oxide (In2O3) TFTs were successfully fabricated by using ROP lift-off process for patterning of gate and S/D-electrodes using Al. The fabricated In2O3-based TFTs with Al S/D-contacts exhibit good uniformity, constant mobility (μ
sat) ∼ 2 cm2 (V s)−1 over a wide range of width/length-ratios (W/L) and almost zero turn-on voltage (V
on) ∼ −0.2 V. TFTs down to 5 µm channel lengths were successfully patterned. Further development of the fabrication process could lead to flexible fully-print-patterned high-resolution TFT backplanes for flexible displays, biosensors, photosensors and x-ray detectors.
Strength prediction of a bottle-shaped strut for evaluating the shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep beam
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Jangid R S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For the analysis and design of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams, the strut-and-tie model is typically employed to simulate the flow of stresses. A bottle-shaped strut develops between the loading point and support, in which compressive stress spreads laterally and induces tensile strain in the transverse direction, which reduces the compressive strength of the strut significantly. Web reinforcements are provided in deep RC beams to prevent splitting of the diagonal strut due to the presence of these transverse strains. In this article, a simplified design procedure based on the strut-and-tie model (STM) is proposed for the evaluation of the shear capacity of deep beams with web reinforcement. The suggested model is based on modified compression field theory and considers the impact of shear reinforcement ratio, transverse tensile strain, post-cracking strength of concrete, and the actual dispersion of compressive stress based on strut geometry (aspect ratio) for strength prediction of bottle-shaped struts. The experimental results of RC panels and deep RC beams reported in the literature are used to validate the results of the suggested model. The findings demonstrate that the proposed STM evaluates the shear capacity of deep RC beams more precisely than capacities estimated by ACI 318-19, AASHTO LRDF, and Eurocode 2 (EC2). In addition, a comprehensive parametric study has been carried out to investigate the effect of various design parameters on the shear capacity of deep RC beams.
Tool wear condition monitoring based on multi-sensor integration and deep residual convolution network
Authors: Zhu Zhiying , Liu Riliang , Zeng Yunfei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In order to guarantee machining quality and production efficiency and as well as to reduce downtime and cost, it is essential to receive information about the cutting tool condition and change it in time if necessary. To this end, tool condition monitoring systems are of great significance. Based on the data fusion technology of multi-sensor integration and the learning ability of deep residual network, a tool wear monitoring system is proposed in this paper. For data acquisition, multiple sensors are used to collect vibration, noise and acoustic emission signals in the machining process. For signal processing, the data fusion method of angular summation of matrices is used, so that the multi-source data are fused into two-dimensional pictures. Then, the feature extraction module of the proposed system uses the pictures as input and takes advantage of the deep residual convolutional network in extracting the deep features from the pictures, and finally the identification module completes the recognition of the tool wear type. To verify its feasibility, a testing bed is built on a CNC milling machine, and multi-sensor data are collected during the machining process of a simple workpiece with one of the two selected cutting tools each time. The proposed system is trained using the collected data and then is used to monitor the wear condition of a new cutting tool by collecting real-time data under similar condition. The results show that the accuracy of wear state recognition is as high as 90%, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed tool wear monitoring system.