bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Core Competencies for Medical Command and Control Teams Managing Covid-19
Authors: Jonson Carl-Oscar , Pettersson Jenny , Friberg Marc , Björnqvist Anton , Berggren Peter , Johansson Björn , Prytz Erik 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The Covid-19 pandemic strained most of the world’s health care organizations to, and sometimes beyond, their limits. To anticipate, coordinate, mobilize, and prioritize hospital resources, Sweden’s health care regions established regional medical command and control teams according to the medical major incident structure. This command structure was initially developed based on an all-hazards approach focused primarily on sudden mass casualty incidents with a relatively short time frame. Covid-19 management was active for several months with a most intense operations period during the spring of 2020. This study aimed at identifying competence needs by employing a co-creative approach with members of the staff involved in the pandemic management.Method:Data was collected and analyzed using a modified Delphi consensus method. The respondents were subject matter experts serving in the regional medical command and control teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. One workshop was held to gather opinions, which were included as statements in a consensus survey and answered by the participants after the first workshop. A second workshop was held to discuss statements that did not reach initial consensus in the survey and establish final consensus.Results:The consensus agreed statements were sorted into five themes, which constituted the collective agreement of medical command and control core abilities. The five core competence themes were: Situation report, Team organization, Co-operation, Competence management, and Analysis. The consensus agreed statements highlighted competencies needed for creating situation reports, organizing medical command and control teams, effective cross-organization co-operation, decision-making, and medical intelligence analysis.Conclusion:The core competencies of medical command and control identified in the present study can be used to further affirm current learning objectives and to formulate future learning objectives for education and exercises. The evaluation approach could potentially be used as a post-incident review to fine-tune an organization’s training plan.
Low‐Frequency Wave Activity in the Ocean—Ross Ice Shelf—Atmosphere System
Authors: Zabotin N. , Godin O. A. , Bromirski P. D. , Jee G. , Lee W. S. , Yun S. , Zabotina L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe main subject of this study is the low‐frequency (with the periods longer than 2 hr) wave processes in the coupled regional system of the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS), the Ross Sea and the atmosphere above them. We investigate possible causal relationships between the wave activity in the three media using a unique set of geophysical instruments: a hydrophone measuring pressure variations on the seafloor, a network of seismometers measuring vertical displacements of the RIS surface, and a Dynasonde system measuring wave characteristics at the ionospheric altitudes. We present an extension of the previously introduced theoretical model of the coupled resonance vibrations of the RIS that quantifies the connection between the ocean tide and the resonance vibrations of the RIS. The ocean tide is confirmed as the most significant source of excitation of the resonances. Analysis of average power spectra in year‐long data sets reveals multiple harmonics of the tide (eight) detected by the RIS seismometers while only three are detected by the seafloor sensor. This may represent a confirmation of the effect of resonance‐related broadband amplification predicted by the model. Several peaks in the spectrum of RIS vibrations have periods different from the periods of nearby tidal constituents and may be associated with broad‐scale resonance RIS vibrations. Resonances may play a role in maintaining the coupled atmosphere‐ocean wave activity. Our results reveal a statistically significant correlation between the spectra of the vertical displacements of the RIS and the spectra of the atmospheric waves.
Were Wildfires Responsible for the Unusually High Surface Ozone in Colorado During 2021?
Authors: Langford Andrew O. , Senff Christoph J. , Alvarez Raul J. , Aikin Ken C. , Ahmadov Ravan , Angevine Wayne M. , Baidar Sunil , Brewer W. Alan , Brown Steven S. , James Eric P. , McCarty Brandi J. , Sandberg Scott P. , Zucker Michael L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGround‐level ozone (O3) was unusually high in northern Colorado in the summer of 2021 with maximum daily 8‐hr average (MDA8) concentrations 6 to 8 parts‐per‐billion by volume (ppbv) higher than in 2019, 2020, or 2022. One or more of the monitors on the Colorado Front Range exceeded the 2015 U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 70 ppbv on 66 of the 122 days from 1 June to 30 September, and this record number of exceedances coincided with the near daily presence of dispersed smoke haze from wildfires in Arizona, California, and the Pacific Northwest. In this paper, we use regulatory and non‐regulatory surface O3 and PM2.5 measurements in conjunction with ground‐based lidar observations to estimate how much O3 was associated with the wildfire smoke. Analyses of the surface measurements suggest that pyrogenic O3 transported to northern Colorado with the smoke increased the surface concentrations in northern Colorado by an average of 8 ppbv in July, 3 ppbv in August, and 2 ppbv in September. Analysis of the lidar measurements showed these contributions to be as large as 12 ppbv on some days. Production of O3 from reactions of pyrogenic VOCs and locally emitted NOx appears to have been minimal (<3 ppbv) in the Boulder area, but may have been much larger in the suburbs southwest of downtown Denver.
Source Apportionment of Cloud Nuclei at 260 m and Ground Level in Urban Beijing
Authors: Jiang Sihui , Ren Jingye , Chen Lu , Cheng Yiling , Zhao Jian , Sun Yele , Zhang Fang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is a critical parameter for simulating aerosol‐cloud interaction and aerosol indirect effects. Here we characterize the vertical differences of CCN number concentration (NCCN) between ground level and 260 m based on field measurements on a meteorological tower in Beijing. The observed ground aerosol number concentration was about 16% higher than 260 m, unexpectedly, the ground NCCN was on average 20% lower than 260 m within the atmospheric typical supersaturation (S) range of 0.1%–0.4%. Using positive matrix factorization analysis, we clarified that the higher NCCN at 260 m was primarily due to increased contributions from both regional transport and secondary processes. The aerosol particles from the regional transport contributed 20%–50% and 31%–57% of CCN respectively at ground and 260 m within typical S, with higher proportions at smaller S. The secondary processes contributed generally about the equal amount CCN between ground (42%–55%) and 260 m (37%–52%). The total contribution of regional transport and secondary processes, as the main sources, contributed 72%–94% CCN during the campaign. While, nucleation events and local primary sources accounted for the smallest proportion of NCCN at both heights. Under polluted conditions, the vertical difference was further enlarged. The results suggest that surface observations under clean conditions may well represent cloud nuclei aloft. However, the NCCN measured at ground may be unexpectedly much lower than the tower height in polluted conditions, likely leading to an underestimation on cloud nuclei aloft during the field campaign.
Chromium on Mercury: New Results From the MESSENGER X‐Ray Spectrometer and Implications for the Innermost Planet's Geochemical Evolution
Authors: Nittler Larry R. , Boujibar Asmaa , Crapster‐Pregont Ellen , Frank Elizabeth A. , McCoy Timothy J. , McCubbin Francis M. , Starr Richard D. , Vorburger Audrey , Weider Shoshana Z. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMercury, the innermost planet, formed under highly reduced conditions, based mainly on surface Fe, S, and Si abundances determined from MESSENGER mission data. The minor element Cr may serve as an independent oxybarometer but only very limited Cr data have been previously reported for Mercury. We report Cr/Si abundances across Mercury's surface based on MESSENGER X‐Ray Spectrometer data throughout the spacecraft's orbital mission. The heterogeneous Cr/Si ratio ranges from 3.6 × 10−5 in the Caloris Basin to 0.0012 within the high‐magnesium region, with an average southern hemisphere value of 0.0008 (corresponding to about 200 ppm Cr). Absolute Cr/Si values have systematic uncertainty of at least 30%, but relative variations are more robust. By combining experimental Cr partitioning data along with planetary differentiation modeling, we find that if Mercury formed with bulk chondritic Cr/Al, Cr must be present in the planet's core and differentiation must have occurred at log fO2 in the range of IW‐6.5 to IW‐2.5 in the absence of sulfides in its interior and a range of IW‐5.5 to IW‐2 with an FeS layer at the core‐mantle boundary. Models with large fractions of Mg‐Ca‐rich sulfides in Mercury's interior are more compatible with moderately reducing conditions (IW‐5.5 to IW‐4) owing to the instability of Mg‐Ca‐rich sulfides at elevated fO2. These results indicate that if Mercury differentiated at a log fO2 lower than IW‐5.5, the presence of sulfides whether in the form of a FeS layer at the top of the core or Mg‐Ca‐rich sulfides within the mantle would be unlikely.
Ensemble Estimation of Historical Evapotranspiration for the Conterminous U.S.
Authors: Reitz M. , Sanford W. E. , Saxe S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is the largest component of the water budget, accounting for the majority of the water available from precipitation. ET is challenging to quantify because of the uncertainties associated with the many ET equations currently in use, and because observations of ET are uncertain and sparse. In this study, we combine information provided by available ET data and equations to produce a new monthly data set for ET for the conterminous U.S. (CONUS). These maps are produced from 1895 to 2018 at an 800 m spatial scale, marking a finer resolution than currently available products over this time period. In our approach, the relative performance of a suite of ET equations is assessed using water balance, flux tower, and remotely sensed ET estimates. At the observation locations, we use error distributions to quantify relative weights for the equations and use these in a modified Bayesian model averaging weighted ensemble approach. The relative weights are spatially generalized using a random forest regression, which is applied to wall‐to‐wall explanatory variable maps to generate CONUS‐wide relative weight maps and ensemble estimates. We assess the performance of the ensemble using a reserved subset of the observations and compare this performance against other national‐scale map products for historical to modern ET. The ensemble ET maps are shown to provide an improved accuracy over the alternative comparison products. These ET maps could be useful for a variety of hydrologic modeling and assessment applications that benefit from a long record, such as the study of periods of water scarcity through time.
Thank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Trumbore Susan , Barros Ana , Becker Thorsten , Cardenas M. Bayani , Davidson Eric , Gruber Nicolas , Hofmann Eileen , Hudson Mary , Illangasekare Tissa , Kang Sarah , Montanari Alberto , Moreno Marcos , Nimmo Francis , Paxton Larry , Salters Vincent J. M. , Schimel David , Stevens Bjorn , Su Hang , Wuebbles Donald , Zeitler Peter , Zhang Binzheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe editorial board of AGU Advances thanks the individuals who reviewed for the journal in 2022.
The Intra‐Seasonal Oscillation of Precipitation δ18O Over the Asian Equatorial and Monsoon Regions
Authors: Wang Xuejie , Tian Lide , Yan Hongming , Mao Jiangyu , Cai Zhongyin , Wang Di , Cheng Yiliang , Liu Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWater isotopes‐climate correlations are used to reconstruct paleoclimate from various natural archives. Intra‐seasonal oscillation is one of the major atmospheric patterns that modulate the ratio of precipitation isotope in low latitudes, yet their spatial and temporal distribution patterns are unclear. Here we presented a detailed analysis of how the intra‐seasonal oscillations (MJO, Madden‐Julian Oscillation, and BSISO, Boreal Summer Intra‐seasonal Oscillation) modulate precipitation δ18O and vapor δ18O over the Asian monsoon region and the equatorial region. This analysis found consistent intra‐seasonal variations between the ISO and rain δ18O. We interpret it as the ISO regulating the active and inactive convective systems on the regional scale, leading to the intra‐seasonal oscillations in precipitation δ18O, with amplitudes from 4‰ up to 15‰. The MJO (BSISO) leads to eastward (northeastward) propagation of δ18O intra‐seasonal oscillations in the Asian equatorial (monsoon) region, coinciding with the spatial patterns of OLR oscillations, reflecting the response of precipitation/vapor δ18O to the oscillation of large‐scale convective activity or accumulated depletion of regional precipitation. We proved that the amplitudes of intra‐seasonal variation of precipitation δ18O are comparable to seasonal variations, and both of them are the main patterns for precipitation δ18O in study regions. Our results are conducive to the accurate interpretation of δ18O in climate proxies such as precipitation, ice cores, tree cellulose, cave stalagmites, et al. on the intra‐seasonal scale in this region.
Integrative scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq analyses map thymic iNKT cell development and identify Cbfβ for its commitment
Authors: Wang Jie , Adrianto Indra , Subedi Kalpana , Liu Tingting , Wu Xiaojun , Yi Qijun , Loveless Ian , Yin Congcong , Datta Indrani , Sant’Angelo Derek B. , Kronenberg Mitchell , Zhou Li , Mi Qing-Sheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnlike conventional αβT cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells complete their terminal differentiation to functional iNKT1/2/17 cells in the thymus. However, underlying molecular programs that guide iNKT subset differentiation remain unclear. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes of over 17,000 iNKT cells and the chromatin accessibility states of over 39,000 iNKT cells across four thymic iNKT developmental stages using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) to define their developmental trajectories. Our study discovered novel features for iNKT precursors and different iNKT subsets and indicated that iNKT2 and iNKT17 lineage commitment may occur as early as stage 0 (ST0) by two distinct programs, while iNKT1 commitments may occur post ST0. Both iNKT1 and iNKT2 cells exhibit extensive phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, while iNKT17 cells are relatively homogenous. Furthermore, we identified that a novel transcription factor, Cbfβ, was highly expressed in iNKT progenitor commitment checkpoint, which showed a similar expression trajectory with other known transcription factors for iNKT cells development, Zbtb16 and Egr2, and could direct iNKT cells fate and drive their effector phenotype differentiation. Conditional deletion of Cbfβ blocked early iNKT cell development and led to severe impairment of iNKT1/2/17 cell differentiation. Overall, our findings uncovered distinct iNKT developmental programs as well as their cellular heterogeneity, and identified a novel transcription factor Cbfβ as a key regulator for early iNKT cell commitment.
PACS plus criteria: a retrospective cohort review of 612 consecutive patients treated with bilateral YAG peripheral iridotomies
Authors: Young Su Ling , Cheng Kelvin K. W. , O’ Connell Niamh , Sanders Roshini , Agarwal Pankaj K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
With an ageing population and better life expectancy, the prevalence of angle closure disease is expected to increase by 20% per decade. In 2022, the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) issued a guideline on managing angle closure disease. Hospital eye service (HES) referral and prophylactic treatment are recommended only for primary angle closure suspect (PACS) with “Plus” features only. We aimed to examine patients previously treated with YAG peripheral iridotomies (YAG PI) for the presence of “PACS Plus” features.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients treated with YAG PI between 2015 and 2019 at a tertiary referral NHS eye centre was reviewed. Cases were examined to identify and classify patients into Primary Angle Closure (PAC), PACS, and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG). Patients with PACS were studied for “Plus” features.

Results
Six hundred twelve patients with gonioscopy-confirmed angle closure (defined as a minimum 180 degrees iridotrabecular contact) treated with YAG PI from years 2015 to 2019 were included in the analysis. The mean age of patients presenting with angle closure disease was 68.5 years (SD 11.3). There were 390 (63.7%) patients with PACS, 102 (16.6%) with PAC and 120 (19.7%) with PACG. Of the PACS patients, 159(40.8%) patients had no “Plus” features. 181 (40.2%) patients had 1 “Plus” feature, 37 (9.5%) had 2 “Plus” features and 13 (3.3%) patients had 3 “Plus” features.

Conclusion
In our cohort, a considerable proportion (40.8%) of PACS patients treated with YAG PI did not have Plus features and therefore that would not meet the proposed criteria for HES referral and YAG PI. With the proposed guidance, we expect a considerable reduction in HES referrals. Nonetheless, community optometry services should be supported and trained to provide monitoring for patients with PACS not referred to the HES.
Pangolin-inspired untethered magnetic robot for on-demand biomedical heating applications
Authors: Soon Ren Hao , Yin Zhen , Dogan Metin Alp , Dogan Nihal Olcay , Tiryaki Mehmet Efe , Karacakol Alp Can , Aydin Asli , Esmaeili-Dokht Pouria , Sitti Metin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUntethered magnetic miniature soft robots capable of accessing hard-to-reach regions can enable safe, disruptive, and minimally invasive medical procedures. However, the soft body limits the integration of non-magnetic external stimuli sources on the robot, thereby restricting the functionalities of such robots. One such functionality is localised heat generation, which requires solid metallic materials for increased efficiency. Yet, using these materials compromises the compliance and safety of using soft robots. To overcome these competing requirements, we propose a pangolin-inspired bi-layered soft robot design. We show that the reported design achieves heating > 70 °C at large distances > 5 cm within a short period of time <30 s, allowing users to realise on-demand localised heating in tandem with shape-morphing capabilities. We demonstrate advanced robotic functionalities, such as selective cargo release, in situ demagnetisation, hyperthermia and mitigation of bleeding, on tissue phantoms and ex vivo tissues.
The contribution of inflammatory astrocytes to BBB impairments in a brain-chip model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: de Rus Jacquet A. , Alpaugh M. , Denis H. L. , Tancredi J. L. , Boutin M. , Decaestecker J. , Beauparlant C. , Herrmann L. , Saint-Pierre M. , Parent M. , Droit A. , Breton S. , Cicchetti F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAstrocyte dysfunction has previously been linked to multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Among their many roles, astrocytes are mediators of the brain immune response, and astrocyte reactivity is a pathological feature of PD. They are also involved in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but barrier integrity is compromised in people with PD. This study focuses on an unexplored area of PD pathogenesis by characterizing the interplay between astrocytes, inflammation and BBB integrity, and by combining patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with microfluidic technologies to generate a 3D human BBB chip. Here we report that astrocytes derived from female donors harboring the PD-related LRRK2 G2019S mutation are pro-inflammatory and fail to support the formation of a functional capillary in vitro. We show that inhibition of MEK1/2 signaling attenuates the inflammatory profile of mutant astrocytes and rescues BBB formation, providing insights into mechanisms regulating barrier integrity in PD. Lastly, we confirm that vascular changes are also observed in the human postmortem substantia nigra of both males and females with PD.
Structural basis of α1A-adrenergic receptor activation and recognition by an extracellular nanobody
Authors: Toyoda Yosuke , Zhu Angqi , Kong Fang , Shan Sisi , Zhao Jiawei , Wang Nan , Sun Xiaoou , Zhang Linqi , Yan Chuangye , Kobilka Brian K. , Liu Xiangyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe α1A-adrenergic receptor (α1AAR) belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors that respond to adrenaline and noradrenaline. α1AAR is involved in smooth muscle contraction and cognitive function. Here, we present three cryo-electron microscopy structures of human α1AAR bound to the endogenous agonist noradrenaline, its selective agonist oxymetazoline, and the antagonist tamsulosin, with resolutions range from 2.9 Å to 3.5 Å. Our active and inactive α1AAR structures reveal the activation mechanism and distinct ligand binding modes for noradrenaline compared with other adrenergic receptor subtypes. In addition, we identified a nanobody that preferentially binds to the extracellular vestibule of α1AAR when bound to the selective agonist oxymetazoline. These results should facilitate the design of more selective therapeutic drugs targeting both orthosteric and allosteric sites in this receptor family.
Green synthesis of stable hybrid biocatalyst using a hydrogen-bonded, π-π-stacking supramolecular assembly for electrochemical immunosensor
Authors: Huang Wei , Yuan Haitao , Yang Huangsheng , Ma Xiaomin , Huang Shuyao , Zhang Hongjie , Huang Siming , Chen Guosheng , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRational integration of native enzymes and nanoscaffold is an efficient means to access robust biocatalyst, yet remains on-going challenges due to the trade-off between fragile enzymes and harsh assembling conditions. Here, we report a supramolecular strategy enabling the in situ fusion of fragile enzymes into a robust porous crystal. A c2-symmetric pyrene tecton with four formic acid arms is utilized as the building block to engineer this hybrid biocatalyst. The decorated formic acid arms afford the pyrene tectons high dispersibility in minute amount of organic solvent, and permit the hydrogen-bonded linkage of discrete pyrene tectons to an extended supramolecular network around an enzyme in almost organic solvent-free aqueous solution. This hybrid biocatalyst is covered by long-range ordered pore channels, which can serve as the gating to sieve the catalytic substrate and thus enhance the biocatalytic selectivity. Given the structural integration, a supramolecular biocatalyst-based electrochemical immunosensor is developed, enabling the pg/mL detection of cancer biomarker.