bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galaxy morphology classification using VGG16
Authors: Chen Cheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There are billions of galaxies in the universe, each with millions or billions of stars. Galaxies vary in shape and size, and they interact with one another, sometimes colliding and merging, sometimes tearing apart, resulting in different features such as bars, rings, pseudo-pillars, and so on. These morphological properties play an important role in the study of galaxy evolution, so the classification of galaxy morphology has always been crucial in astrophysics. Earlier, using traditional methods or manual inspection to accomplish the classification task was a great challenge for astronomers. Today, however, machine learning is widely used for galaxy morphology classification because of its evolving efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, a popular convolutional neural network model (VGG16) will be used to classify galaxy morphology with an accuracy of 81%, which means that VGG16 can be used for correct classification.
Nature of transient currents and voltages in the power chain for a Highly Segmented Fast Detector run by Low Voltage Power Supply
Authors: Rahaman M. , Thakur A. , Maity M. , Roy S. , Kundu T.K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Supplying power at low voltage to the front-end electronics
of very fast and highly segmented detectors, typical in the
experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, involves several issues,
including transient currents and voltages. This study investigates
a power chain that involves long cables, DC-DC converters, and input
filters. Due to the presence of a common ground close to the input
of the DC-DC converter, the power chain can run with a lower value
of the input supply. It is seen that the capacitor in the input
filter plays a significant role in the process of voltage growth at
the input of the DC-DC converter. The effects of the ramp during
turning ON and OFF the input supply have been studied thoroughly.
It is observed that the voltage/current spikes are reduced due to
the application of the ramp. It is also observed that the
current/voltage, both at the input and the output of the DC-DC
converter, goes through some intermediate oscillations due to the
existence of threshold voltage for the converters. The choice of
the ramp is critical in reducing spikes and should be incorporated
into the power supply.
Strategies in design of self-propelling hybrid micro/nanobots for bioengineering applications
Authors: Shivalkar Saurabh , Roy Anwesha , Chaudhary Shrutika , Samanta Sintu Kumar , Chowdhary Pallabi , Sahoo Amaresh Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for multiple bioengineering applications such as early disease diagnosis, precision surgeries, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, bio-imaging, biomolecules isolation, detoxification, bio-sensing, and clearing up clogged arteries with high soaring effectiveness and minimal exhaustion of power. Several techniques have been introduced in recent years to develop programmable, biocompatible, and energy-efficient micro/nanobots. Therefore, the primary focus of most of these techniques is to develop hybrid micro/nanobots that are an optimized combination of purely synthetic or biodegradable bots suitable for the execution of user-defined tasks more precisely and efficiently. Recent progress has been illustrated here as an overview of a few of the achievable construction principles to be used to make biomedical micro/nanobots and explores the pivotal ventures of nanotechnology-moderated development of catalytic autonomous bots. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into the recent trends and subsequent prospects, opportunities, and challenges involved in the accomplishments of the effective multifarious bioengineering applications.
Human vascularised synovium-on-a-chip: a mechanically stimulated, microfluidic model to investigate synovial inflammation and monocyte recruitment
Authors: Thompson Clare L , Hopkins Timothy , Bevan Catrin , Screen Hazel R C , Wright Karina T , Knight Martin M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Healthy synovium is critical for joint homeostasis. Synovial inflammation (synovitis) is implicated in the onset, progression and symptomatic presentation of arthritic joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Thus, the synovium is a promising target for the development of novel, disease-modifying therapeutics. However, target exploration is hampered by a lack of good pre-clinical models that accurately replicate human physiology and that are developed in a way that allows for widespread uptake. The current study presents a multi-channel, microfluidic, organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) model, comprising a 3D configuration of the human synovium and its associated vasculature, with biomechanical and inflammatory stimulation, built upon a commercially available OOAC platform. Healthy human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (hFLS) were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with appropriate matrix proteins, separated by a flexible, porous membrane. The model was developed within the Emulate organ-chip platform enabling the application of physiological biomechanical stimulation in the form of fluid shear and cyclic tensile strain. The hFLS exhibited characteristic morphology, cytoskeletal architecture and matrix protein deposition. Synovial inflammation was initiated through the addition of interleukin−1β (IL−1β) into the synovium channel resulting in the increased secretion of inflammatory and catabolic mediators, interleukin-6 (IL−6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP−1), as well as the synovial fluid constituent protein, hyaluronan. Enhanced expression of the inflammatory marker, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), was observed in HUVECs in the vascular channel, accompanied by increased attachment of circulating monocytes. This vascularised human synovium-on-a-chip model recapitulates a number of the functional characteristics of both healthy and inflamed human synovium. Thus, this model offers the first human synovium organ-chip suitable for widespread adoption to understand synovial joint disease mechanisms, permit the identification of novel therapeutic targets and support pre-clinical testing of therapies.
Strategic logic of unilateral climate intervention
Authors: Bell Curtis M , Keys Patrick W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Climate change and unabated greenhouse gas emissions are increasing the possibility that the world will turn to climate intervention to curb ever-increasing global temperatures. This paper uses game theory to elucidate the conditions that might make a state more or less likely to begin unilateral, as opposed to internationally coordinated, climate intervention (UCI). We solve this game for several specific scientific, economic, and climatological conditions that change the likelihood of a government starting its own climate intervention deployment program without the participation of the broader international community. Specifically, we demonstrate that the plausibility of UCI is linked to perceptions of three key elements: (1) the effectiveness of climate intervention strategies, (2) the sensitivity of specific governments to punishment by other states, and (3) satisfaction with climate and weather in the present. We conclude by discussing how this formal game theory model informs the design of future Earth system model simulations of UCI, international agreements related to climate intervention, and the development of solar climate intervention technologies.
Predicting future UK nighttime urban heat islands using observed short-term variability and regional climate projections
Authors: Doger de Speville Charlotte , Seviour William J M , Lo Y T Eunice 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
By 2050, 68% of the world’s population and 90% of the UK’s population are estimated to be living in urban areas. It is widely acknowledged that urban areas tend to be warmer than rural areas (the urban heat island (UHI) effect), and that increased summer temperatures increase morbidity and mortality. It is therefore important to know how the UHI intensity will change in the future. Recent work has used observed daily UHI-temperature relationships to suggest that the UHI intensity may decrease under warming temperatures. Here we analyse the ability of the regional UK Climate Projections, UKCP18-regional, to model the summer nighttime UHI intensity of ten UK cities. When compared to HadUK-Grid observational data, we find that the model accurately simulates both the mean magnitude of the UHI intensities and the daily relationship between urban and rural temperature. In particular, in 9 of the 10 cities, the model and observational data both show a decrease in UHI intensity with warmer temperature over the 1980–2020 period analysed. We then analyse the correlation between the projected future UHI intensities using UKCP18-regional and those inferred from the historical daily UHI-temperature relationships. We find that this relationship is not statistically significant and that the model-projected change in UHI intensity is greater than the change inferred from the historical relationship for all cities analysed. We conclude that using short-term variability to predict future UHI change, as proposed by some recent work, may not be appropriate. Our results motivate further research to understand processes impacting UHI changes on different timescales and in different regions.
Exact coefficients of finite-size corrections in the Ising model with Brascamp–Kunz boundary conditions and their relationships for strip and cylindrical geometries
Authors: Izmailian Nickolay , Kenna R , Papoyan Vl V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We derive exact finite-size corrections for the free energy F of the Ising model on the

square lattice with Brascamp–Kunz boundary conditions. We calculate ratios

r
p

(
ρ
)

of pth coefficients of F for the infinitely long cylinder (

) and the infinitely long Brascamp–Kunz strip (

) at varying values of the aspect ratio

. Like previous studies have shown for the two-dimensional dimer model, the limiting values

p
→
∞

of

r
p

(
ρ
)

exhibit abrupt anomalous behavior at certain values of ρ. These critical values of ρ and the limiting values of the finite-size-expansion-coefficient ratios differ, however, between the two models.
The micro-LED roadmap: status quo and prospects
Authors: Lin Chien-Chung , Wu Yuh-Renn , Kuo Hao-Chung , Wong Matthew S , DenBaars Steven P , Nakamura Shuji , Pandey Ayush , Mi Zetian , Tian Pengfei , Ohkawa Kazuhiro , Iida Daisuke , Wang Tao , Cai Yuefei , Bai Jie , Yang Zhiyong , Qian Yizhou , Wu Shin-Tson , Han Jung , Chen Chen , Liu Zhaojun , Hyun Byung-Ryool , Kim Jae-Hyun , Jang Bongkyun , Kim Hyeon-Don , Lee Hak-Joo , Liu Ying-Tsang , Lai Yu-Hung , Li Yun-Li , Meng Wanqing , Shen Haoliang , Liu Bin , Wang Xinran , Liang Kai-ling , Luo Cheng-Jhih , Fang Yen-Hsiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Micro light-emitting diode (micro-LED) will play an important role in the future generation of smart displays. They are found very attractive in many applications, such as maskless lithography, biosensor, augmented reality (AR)/mixed reality etc, at the same time. A monitor that can fulfill saturated color rendering, high display resolution, and fast response time is highly desirable, and the micro-LED-based technology could be our best chance to meet these requirements. At present, semiconductor-based red, green and blue micro-LED chips and color-conversion enhanced micro-LEDs are the major contenders for full-color high-resolution displays. Both technologies need revolutionary ways to perfect the material qualities, fabricate the device, and assemble the individual parts into a system. In this roadmap, we will highlight the current status and challenges of micro-LED-related issues and discuss the possible advances in science and technology that can stand up to the challenges. The innovation in epitaxy, such as the tunnel junction, the direct epitaxy and nitride-based quantum wells for red and ultraviolet, can provide critical solutions to the micro-LED performance in various aspects. The quantum scale structure, like nanowires or nanorods, can be crucial for the scaling of the devices. Meanwhile, the color conversion method, which uses colloidal quantum dot as the active material, can provide a hassle-free way to assemble a large micro-LED array and emphasis the full-color demonstration via colloidal quantum dot. These quantum dots can be patterned by porous structure, inkjet, or photo-sensitive resin. In addition to the micro-LED devices, the peripheral components or technologies are equally important. Microchip transfer and repair, heterogeneous integration with the electronics, and the novel 2D material cannot be ignored, or the overall display module will be very power-consuming. The AR is one of the potential customers for micro-LED displays, and the user experience so far is limited due to the lack of a truly qualified display. Our analysis showed the micro-LED is on the way to addressing and solving the current problems, such as high loss optical coupling and narrow field of view. All these efforts are channeled to achieve an efficient display with all ideal qualities that meet our most stringent viewing requirements, and we expect it to become an indispensable part of our daily life.
The design, manufacture and application of multistable mechanical metamaterials-a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Xu Rui , Chen Chuanqing , Sun Jiapeng , He Yulong , Li Xin , Lu Ming-Hui , Chen Yanfeng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Multistable mechanical metamaterials are a type of mechanical metamaterials with special features, such as reusability, energy storage and absorption capabilities, rapid deformation, and amplified output forces. These metamaterials are usually realized by series and/or parallel of bistable units. They can exhibit multiple stable configurations under external loads and can be switched reversely among each other, thereby realizing the reusability of mechanical metamaterials and offering broad engineering applications. This paper reviews the latest research progress in the design strategy, manufacture and application of multistable mechanical metamaterials. We divide bistable structures into three categories based on their basic element types and provide the criterion of their bistability. Various manufacturing techniques to fabricate these multistable mechanical metamaterials are introduced, including mold casting, cutting, folding and three-dimensional/4D printing. Furthermore, the prospects of multistable mechanical metamaterials for applications in soft driving, mechanical computing, energy absorption and wave controlling are discussed. Finally, this paper highlights possible challenges and opportunities for future investigations. The review aims to provide insights into the research and development of multistable mechanical metamaterials.
A classification of genus 0 modular curves with rational points
Authors: Rakvi  
Published: September 2023

Let

E
E

be a non-CM elliptic curve defined over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

. Fix an algebraic closure

Q

¯

{\overline {\mathbb Q}}

of

Q

\mathbb {Q}

. We get a Galois representation
\[

ρ
E

:

G
a
l

(

Q

¯

/

Q

)
→
G

L
2

(

Z

^

)

\rho _E \colon {Gal}({\overline {\mathbb Q}}/\mathbb {Q})\to GL_2({\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}})

\]
associated to

E
E

by choosing a system of compatible bases for the

N
N

-torsion subgroups of

E
(

Q

¯

)
.

E({\overline {\mathbb Q}}).

Associated to an open subgroup

G
G

of

G

L
2

(

Z

^

)

GL_2({\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}})

satisfying

−
I
∈
G

-I \in G

and

det
(
G
)
=

Z

^

×

\det (G)={\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}}^{\times }

, we have the modular curve

(

X
G

,

π
G

)

(X_G,\pi _G)

over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

which loosely parametrises elliptic curves

E
E

such that the image of

ρ
E

\rho _E

is conjugate to a subgroup of

G
t

.

G^t.

In this article we give a complete classification of all such genus

0
0

modular curves that have a rational point. This classification is given in finitely many families. Moreover, for each such modular curve morphism

π
G

:

X
G

→

X

G

L
2

(

Z

^

)

\pi _G \colon X_G \to X_{GL_2({\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}})}

can be explicitly computed.
Gender Discrimination in Online Markets
Authors: Cotropia Christopher A , Masur Jonathan S , Schwartz David L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study whether a seller’s gender impacts the bargained-for price in a product market, specifically baseball cards. We isolate the seller’s gender using an online transaction exposing the buyer to the seller’s gender via the seller’s hand and name. In both a field experiment, in which we actually sell cards on eBay, and a laboratory experiment, in which we conduct surveys via Amazon Mechanical Turk, we find, contrary to current literature, that women sell baseball cards for a higher price and greater profit compared to men. The observed discrimination appears to be both statistical and taste based. These findings contribute to the law and economics literature on discrimination and have ramifications for the economic opportunities of women in the retail marketplace and for the law of gender discrimination. (JEL J16, C91, C93, K31, K38)
Mitigating human–wildlife conflict and monitoring endangered tigers using a real-time camera-based alert system
Authors: Dertien Jeremy S , Negi Hrishita , Dinerstein Eric , Krishnamurthy Ramesh , Negi Himmat Singh , Gopal Rajesh , Gulick Steve , Pathak Sanjay Kumar , Kapoor Mohnish , Yadav Piyush , Benitez Mijail , Ferreira Miguel , Wijnveen A J , Lee Andy T L , Wright Brett , Baldwin Robert F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The recovery of wild tigers in India and Nepal is a remarkable conservation achievement, but it sets the stage for increased human–wildlife conflict where parks are limited in size and where tigers reside outside reserves. We deployed an innovative technology, the TrailGuard AI camera-alert system, which runs on-the-edge artificial intelligence algorithms to detect tigers and poachers and transmit real-time images to designated authorities responsible for managing prominent tiger landscapes in India. We successfully captured and transmitted the first images of tigers using cameras with embedded AI and detected poachers. Notifications of tiger images were received in real time, approximately 30 seconds from camera trigger to appearing in a smart phone app. We review use cases of this AI-based real-time alert system for managers and local communities and suggest how the system could help monitor tigers and other endangered species, detect poaching, and provide early warnings for human–wildlife conflict.
How can we help you? A qualitative study of the provision of care to culturally and linguistically diverse clients in community pharmacy
Authors: Filmer Tamara Raisa , Ray Robin A , Glass Beverley D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Clients from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds experience challenges in receiving care from community pharmacies, resulting in poorer health outcomes compared with the majority population. The aim of this study was to explore migrants’ and pharmacy staff’s understanding of the facilitators for the delivery of care to CALD clients.

Methods
Focus groups were conducted with predominantly older, female Nepali-speaking migrants. Individual interviews were undertaken with pharmacists and pharmacy assistants. Verbatim and translated transcripts were inductively coded to establish themes.

Key findings
Three major themes emerged: getting the message across, building trust, and improving understanding. Key findings included the need to increase the use of professional interpreters, and empathy and patience from pharmacy staff. Modifications to communication using re-phrasing and more detail about the community pharmacy system in post-arrival orientation for migrants are required.

Conclusions
Multilingual staff is an effective way to overcome the language barrier, but its use is limited by staff resources. Pharmacy staff should be required to use the services of professional telephone interpreters to surmount language barriers. Modification of communication techniques and having an empathetic attitude improve communication and care provision. Pharmacists should liaise with migrant support services to provide orientation for new arrivals.
The Role of Nonprofit and Nongovernmental Organizations and People With Viral Hepatitis on the Path Toward Hepatitis C Virus Elimination
Authors: Adda Danjuma , James Cary , Peck Raquel , Ali Mohammad , Tiwana Tajinder , Kolawole Tobiloba , Wang Su 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations have driven and continue to drive hepatitis C elimination by putting people with viral hepatitis and their affected communities at the center of hepatitis elimination efforts. They have been key in driving the decentralization of services and community-based delivery in the hepatitis care pathway to improve the health and well-being of the populations most affected by hepatitis C. This article explores how the formation of the World Hepatitis Alliance (WHA), an international network of community organizations in &gt;100 countries, led to powerful advocacy from community leaders and people with hepatitis, resulting in the establishment of World Hepatitis Day. Since then, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the importance of viral hepatitis by setting the 2030 global elimination targets. WHA and WHO have collaborated on 3 World Hepatitis Summits, which have built momentum across many sectors to help elevate hepatitis through the global health agenda. The article discusses their paradigm-shifting campaigns and also presents civil society organizations’ hepatitis elimination efforts in Egypt, Mongolia, Bangladesh, and the United Kingdom and their significant impact through local resource mobilization and engagement of national governments.