bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐broadband electromagnetic wave absorption of ceramic composite coating by atmospheric plasma spraying
Authors: Huang Pai , Niu Xiaodong , Wang Ying , Zou Binglin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDy doped ceramic material of Ba4Fe2.6Dy1.4Nb8O30 with the tetragonal black bronze structure was synthesized by solid‐state reaction at 1300°C. The composite powders of Ba4Fe2.6Dy1.4Nb8O30/FeSiAl with good flowing were prepared by spray drying using the powders slurry. The obtained composite powders were then plasma sprayed to fabricate coating. The microstructure and absorption characteristics of electromagnetic wave (EMW) of the coating materials are investigated. Results show that the composite powders significantly remain the phase stability during atmospheric plasma spraying and adsorbing heredity of EMW for the coating. The coating powders have excellent EMW absorption with the minimum reflection loss of −48.20 dB at the thickness of 3.5 mm. Also, the coating powders display the maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6.24 GHz at the thickness of 1.5 mm, which covers the X‐band. Moreover, the coating was found to have a certain EMW absorption performance at high temperature of 700°C. The Ba4Fe2.6Dy1.4Nb8O30 ceramic material with low thermal conductivity ensured the electromagnetic absorption capacity of the coating at high temperature. The Ba4Fe2.6Dy1.4Nb8O30/FeSiAl ceramic composite materials could have the potential applications as the high temperature EMW absorber.
Is idiosyncratic asymmetry priced in commodity futures?
Authors: Han Yufeng , Mo Xuan , Su Zhi , Zhu Yifeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, we use a recently introduced asymmetry measure, IE, to measure the idiosyncratic asymmetry of commodity futures returns and find that idiosyncratic asymmetry negatively and significantly predicts commodity futures returns cross sectionally. Furthermore, we find that a long–short trading strategy based on idiosyncratic asymmetry generates significant abnormal returns, which cannot be explained by traditional risk factors in commodity futures and persists up to 12 months. Moreover, idiosyncratic asymmetry appears to be a priced factor in commodity futures with significant risk premium. Finally, we confirm that IE is better at capturing the pricing effect of idiosyncratic asymmetry than the traditional skewness measure.
The burden of pancreatic cancer and its attributable risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019
Authors: Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Kolahi Ali‐Asghar , Noori Maryam , Sullman Mark J M , Safiri Saeid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimGlobally, pancreatic cancer is recognized as one of the most lethal types of cancers. We report the burden of pancreatic cancer and its attributable risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, from 1990 to 2019, by age, sex, and socio‐demographic index.MethodsPublicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study were used to report the incidence, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to pancreatic cancer, as counts and age‐standardized rates with 95% uncertainty intervals.ResultsIn 2019, pancreatic cancer had an age‐standardized incidence rate of 5.3 and a death rate of 5.5 (per 100 000) in MENA, which have increased by 97.5% and 93.4%, respectively, since 1990. There were 563.6 thousand DALYs attributable to pancreatic cancer in 2019, with an age‐standardized DALY rate of 123.0, which has increased by 84.9% since 1990. The highest number of incident cases was found in the 60–64 and 65–69 age groups, among male and female, respectively. In addition, the MENA/global DALY ratios were higher in all age groups for both sexes in 2019, than they were in 1990. There was a positive association between socio‐demographic index and the burden of pancreatic cancer. Smoking, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body mass index were responsible for 19.2%, 9.3%, and 9.3% of the attributable DALYs in 2019, respectively.ConclusionsThere was a clear and substantial increase in the burden of pancreatic cancer in the MENA region. Prevention programs should be implemented in the region that target these three risk factors.
Baveno VII criteria identify varices needing treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma of different Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages
Authors: Wu Claudia Wing‐Kwan , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Yam Tsz‐Fai , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Wong Angus Chun‐Hei , Chan Brian Wai‐Nok , Fong Matthew Man‐Lok , Lai Jimmy Che‐To , Tse Yee‐Kit , Lee Kit‐Fai , Mok Tony Shu‐Kam , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Lui Rashid Nok‐Shun , Chan Stephen Lam , Ng Kelvin Kwok‐Chai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBaveno VII criteria for predicting varices needing treatment (VNT) have not been tested in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) population. We evaluated Baveno VII consensus for VNT in HCC patients of different stages according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages undergoing curative hepatectomy.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of patients with HCC. Patients underwent transient elastography examination before HCC treatment and received at least one upper endoscopic examination afterwards. Patients were prospectively followed for clinical events including VNT.ResultsSix hundred and seventy‐three patients (83.1% male, median age 62 years) with HCC of BCLC stage 0 (10%), A (57%), B (17%) and C (15%) were recruited and followed for 47 months. The median (range) LSM was 10.5 (6.9–20.4) kPa; 74% had LSM ≤ 20 kPa and 58% had platelet count ≥150 × 10/L, respectively. VNT occurred in 51 (7.6%) patients. In patients who fulfilled Baveno VII criteria, that is, LSM ≤ 20 kPa and platelet count above 150 × 10/L, only 11 (1.6%) patients had VNT. In all BCLC stages of HCC, the proportion of patients with VNT was below 5%, which support the validity and applicability of Baveno VII criteria in all BCLC stages of HCC.ConclusionsThe Baveno VII criteria are valid and applicable in HCC patients undergoing curative hepatectomy for selecting patients to undergo screening endoscopy for VNT. The validity was consistent across different BCLC stages of HCC.
The Elites‐Mutual‐Attraction Effect: How Relative Reputation Influences Employee Flows between Organizations
Authors: Antons David , Piening Erk P. , Salge Torsten Oliver 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we draw on signalling theory to examine the organization‐level relationship between reputation and employee movement in and out of organizations. Focusing on organizations’ media reputations relative to their peers, we map all employee flows between organizational dyads in a population of English hospitals. We find support for our main argument that an organization's relative reputation predicts employee mobility above and beyond what can be explained by its absolute level of reputation. In particular, our findings suggest that the number of employees moving between two organizations is highest when both organizations have a high reputation. We refer to this as the elites’ mutual attraction effect (EMA‐effect). We also find that the motives of voluntary leavers and geographical distance between two organizations influence the strength of this EMA‐effect. Overall, this study shows that developing and testing dyadic theory can extend research on organizational reputation and collective turnover in meaningful ways.
A surge in human metapneumovirus paediatric respiratory admissions in Western Australia following the reduction of SARS‐CoV‐2 non‐pharmaceutical interventions
Authors: Foley David A , Yeoh Daniel K , Minney‐Smith Cara A , Shin Christine , Hazelton Briony , Hoeppner Tobias , Moore Hannah C , Nicol Mark , Sikazwe Chisha , Borland Meredith L , Levy Avram , Blyth Chris C 
Published: May 2023

AimWestern Australian laboratory data demonstrated a decrease in human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections through 2020 associated with SARS‐CoV‐2‐related non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), followed by a subsequent surge in metropolitan region in mid‐2021. We aimed to assess the impact of the surge in hMPV on paediatric hospital admissions and the contribution of changes in testing.MethodsAll respiratory‐coded admissions of children aged <16 years at a tertiary paediatric centre between 2017 and 2021 were matched with respiratory virus testing data. Patients were grouped by age at presentation and by ICD‐10 AM codes into bronchiolitis, other acute lower respiratory infection (OALRI), wheeze and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). For analysis, 2017–2019 was utilised as a baseline period.ResultshMPV‐positive admissions in 2021 were more than 2.8 times baseline. The largest increase in incidence was observed in the 1–4 years group (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5–5.9) and in OALRI clinical phenotype (IRR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.8–4.2). The proportion of respiratory‐coded admissions tested for hMPV in 2021 doubled (32–66.2%, P < 0.001), with the greatest increase in wheeze (12–75% in 2021, P < 0.001). hMPV test percentage positivity in 2021 was higher than in the baseline period (7.6% vs. 10.1% in 2021, P = 0.004).ConclusionThe absence and subsequent surge underline the susceptibility of hMPV to NPIs. Increased hMPV‐positive admissions in 2021 can be partially attributable to testing, but test‐positivity remained high, consistent with a genuine increase. Continued comprehensive testing will help ascertain true burden of hMPV respiratory diseases.
Controlling the Past to Control the Future: Christian Nationalism and Mandatory Patriotic Education in Public Schools
Authors: Perry Samuel L. , Davis Joshua T. , Grubbs Joshua B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent debates about whether educators should teach America's racist history have sparked activism and legislation to ensure students are taught American history in such a way that promotes “patriotism,” amplifying cherished national myths, emphasizing American exceptionalism, and erasing negative historical facts. Building on insights from both social dominance theory and Christian nationalism research, we propose Christian nationalism combines legitimizing myths that whitewash America's past with authoritarian impulses and thus seeks to enforce “patriotic” content in public school classrooms. We also theorize this connection varies across racial, partisan, and ideological identities. Data from a nationally‐representative survey of Americans affirm Christian nationalism is by far the leading predictor Americans believe “We should require public school teachers to teach history in a way that promotes patriotism.” This association is consistent across race (possibly due to divergent meanings of both “Christian nationalism” and “patriotism” across groups), but varies by partisanship and ideological identity for whites. Specifically, Christian nationalism brings whites who identify with the ideological and political left into complete alignment with their conservative counterparts who are already more likely to support mandatory patriotic education. Our findings provide critical context for ongoing battles over public‐school curricula and education's role in perpetuating social privilege.
Predicting the life cycle durability and ecological performance of cementitious coatings with a fuzzy‐stochastics–based approach
Authors: Li Xue , Huang Yutao , Zhou Yingwu , Wang Xiaowei , Zhao Debo , Chen Cheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCementitious coating effectively prevents chloride‐induced corrosion in offshore reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Strain hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) is a class of advanced cementitious composites with superior ductility and durability. Due to the lack of long‐term test data, the current probability‐based design guidelines may not be applicable to SHCC coating. This paper develops a fuzzy‐stochastic–based approach to assess the durability performance of coatings using cement mortar and engineered cementitious composites (ECC), a specific type of SHCC. The age factor and the mean of chloride diffusion coefficient are modeled as fuzzy variables, and the chloride diffusion coefficient follows Gaussian distribution. Based on limited test data and subjective opinion, membership functions are proposed for the mean of initial chloride diffusion coefficient and the age factor of cement and ECC. To achieve equivalent durability performance of cement mortar coating, the amount of uncracked and cracked ECC coating are estimated to be around 33% and 25%, respectively. Based on equivalent durability performance, life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted to compare the ecological performance of the two coatings. A case study, based on a 25‐m‐long simply supported box girder in Shenzhen Bay, is given to elaborate the proposed approach and the evaluation results of durability performance and ecological impacts.
The importance of Fusarium head blight resistance in the cereal breeding industry: Case studies from Germany and Austria
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Flamm Clemens , Oberforster Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat and triticale has a high priority in the European Union because of the strict guidelines for the major mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) and the admission policy of the regulatory authorities. Potentially 70% of the arable land in Germany and about 60% in Austria can be affected by Fusarium. Although epidemics occur only in some years and/or some regions, DON and ZON are detected every year in varying amounts in wheat, rye and maize. Despite a high significance of FHB resistance in breeding companies, as validated by a recent survey, breeding progress in wheat is basically absent for FHB resistance in both countries. The main reasons are the complex inheritance of FHB resistance and the high proportions of the dwarfing allele Rht‐D1b in high‐yielding varieties promoting susceptibility. Despite this, some varieties with high FHB resistance (score 2–3 on the 1–9 scale) have been released that account, however, only for 11% and 18% of the multiplication area in Germany and Austria, respectively. For triticale, an official testing system for FHB resistance in terms of DON content exists in Germany and Austria, but not for the other cereals. Susceptibility to maize ear rot has been described in Austria, but not in Germany. Additionally, a testing system for stalk rot resistance in both countries should be established.
SnRK1 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis through both transcriptional regulation and direct phosphorylation and dissociation of the MYB/bHLH/TTG1 MBW complex
Authors: Broucke Ellen , Dang Thi Tuong Vi , Li Yi , Hulsmans Sander , Van Leene Jelle , De Jaeger Geert , Hwang Ildoo , Wim Van den Ende , Rolland Filip 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYPlants have evolved an extensive specialized secondary metabolism. The colorful flavonoid anthocyanins, for example, not only stimulate flower pollination and seed dispersal, but also protect different tissues against high light, UV and oxidative stress. Their biosynthesis is highly regulated by environmental and developmental cues and induced by high sucrose levels. Expression of the biosynthetic enzymes involved is controlled by a transcriptional MBW complex, comprising (R2R3) MYB‐ and bHLH‐type transcription factors and the WD40 repeat protein TTG1. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is not only useful, but also carbon‐ and energy‐intensive and non‐vital. Consistently, the SnRK1 protein kinase, a metabolic sensor activated in carbon‐ and energy‐depleting stress conditions, represses anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here we show that Arabidopsis SnRK1 represses MBW complex activity both at the transcriptional and post‐translational level. In addition to repressing expression of the key transcription factor MYB75/PAP1, SnRK1 activity triggers MBW complex dissociation, associated with loss of target promoter binding, MYB75 protein degradation and nuclear export of TTG1. We also provide evidence for direct interaction with and phosphorylation of multiple MBW complex proteins. These results indicate that repression of expensive anthocyanin biosynthesis is an important strategy to save energy and redirect carbon flow to more essential processes for survival in metabolic stress conditions.
Deacidification of endolysosomes by neuronal aging drives synapse loss
Authors: Burrinha Tatiana , Cunha César , Hall Michael J. , Lopes‐da‐Silva Mafalda , Seabra Miguel C. , Guimas Almeida Cláudia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPreviously, we found that age‐dependent accumulation of beta‐amyloid is not sufficient to cause synaptic decline. Late‐endocytic organelles (LEOs) may be driving synaptic decline as lysosomes (Lys) are a target of cellular aging and relevant for synapses. We found that LAMP1‐positive LEOs increased in size and number and accumulated near synapses in aged neurons and brains. LEOs' distal accumulation might relate to the increased anterograde movement in aged neurons. Dissecting the LEOs, we found that late‐endosomes accumulated while there are fewer terminal Lys in aged neurites, but not in the cell body. The most abundant LEOs were degradative Lys or endolysosomes (ELys), especially in neurites. ELys activity was reduced because of acidification defects, supported by the reduction in v‐ATPase subunit V0a1 with aging. Increasing the acidification of aged ELys recovered degradation and reverted synaptic decline, while alkalinization or v‐ATPase inhibition, mimicked age‐dependent Lys and synapse dysfunction. We identify ELys deacidification as a neuronal mechanism of age‐dependent synapse loss. Our findings suggest that future therapeutic strategies to address endolysosomal defects might be able to delay age‐related synaptic decline.
Intensity of endogenous thrombocytopenia after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients prophylactically transfused with platelets
Authors: Voß Andreas , Doescher Andrea , Kapels Hans‐Hermann , Seltsam Axel , Greinacher Andreas , Metzner Bernd , Müller Thomas H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLarge clinical trials have demonstrated that some patient groups with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia benefit from prophylactic platelet transfusions, while in others, a therapeutic transfusion regimen might be sufficient. The remaining capacity to generate endogenous platelets might be helpful to select the platelet transfusion regimen. We assessed whether the recently described method of digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to assess the endogenous platelet levels in two groups of patients undergoing high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).Materials and MethodsMultiple myeloma (n = 22) patients received high‐dose melphalan alone (HDMA); lymphoma patients (n = 15) received BEAM or TEAM (B/TEAM) conditioning. Patients with a total platelet count <10 G/L received prophylactic apheresis platelet concentrates. Daily endogenous platelet counts were measured by digital droplet PCR for at least 10 days post‐ASCT.ResultsPost‐transplantation B/TEAM patients received their first platelet transfusion on average 3 days earlier than HDMA patients (p < 0.001) and required about twofold more platelet concentrates (p < 0.001). The endogenous platelet count fell ≤5 G/L for a median of 115 h (91–159; 95% confidence interval) in B/TEAM‐treated patients compared to 12.6 h (0–24) (p < 0.0001) in HDMA‐treated patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed this profound effect of the high‐dose regimen (p < 0.001). The CD‐34+‐cell dose in the graft was inversely correlated with the intensity of endogenous thrombocytopenia in B/TEAM‐treated patients.ConclusionMonitoring endogenous platelet counts detects the direct effects of myelosuppressive chemotherapies on platelet regeneration. This approach may help to develop a platelet transfusion regimen tailored to specific patient groups.
Virtual domination of 3‐manifolds II
Authors: Sun Hongbin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor any closed oriented 3‐manifold with positive simplicial volume and any closed oriented 3‐manifold , we prove that there exists a finite cover of that admits a degree‐1 map , that is, virtually 1‐dominates . This result generalizes previous virtual domination results with closed hyperbolic domain to more general domains.
Finite Element Implementation of Computational Fluid Dynamics With Reactive Neutral and Charged Solute Transport in FEBio
Authors: Shim Jay J. , Maas Steve A. , Weiss Jeffrey A. , Ateshian Gerard A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to implement a novel fluid-solutes solver into the open-source finite element software FEBio, that extended available modeling capabilities for biological fluids and fluid-solute mixtures. Using a reactive mixture framework, this solver accommodates diffusion, convection, chemical reactions, electrical charge effects, and external body forces, without requiring stabilization methods that were deemed necessary in previous computational implementations of the convection-diffusion-reaction equation at high Peclet numbers. Verification and validation problems demonstrated the ability of this solver to produce solutions for Peclet numbers as high as 1011, spanning the range of physiological conditions for convection-dominated solute transport. This outcome was facilitated by the use of a formulation that accommodates realistic values for solvent compressibility, and by expressing the solute mass balance such that it properly captured convective transport by the solvent and produced a natural boundary condition of zero diffusive solute flux at outflow boundaries. Since this numerical scheme was not necessarily foolproof, guidelines were included to achieve better outcomes that minimize or eliminate the potential occurrence of numerical artifacts. The fluid-solutes solver presented in this study represents an important and novel advancement in the modeling capabilities for biomechanics and biophysics as it allows modeling of mechanobiological processes via the incorporation of chemical reactions involving neutral or charged solutes within dynamic fluid flow. The incorporation of charged solutes in a reactive framework represents a significant novelty of this solver. This framework also applies to a broader range of nonbiological applications.
Zero-Trust for the System Design Lifecycle
Authors: Van Bossuyt Douglas L. , Hale Britta , Arlitt Ryan , Papakonstantinou Nikolaos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In an age of worsening global threat landscape and accelerating uncertainty, the design and manufacture of systems must increase resilience and robustness across both the system itself and the entire systems design process. We generally trust our colleagues after initial clearance/background checks; and systems to function as intended and within operating parameters after safety engineering review, verification, validation, and/or system qualification testing. This approach has led to increased insider threat impacts; thus, we suggest moving to the “trust, but verify” approach embodied by the Zero-Trust paradigm. Zero-Trust is increasingly adopted for network security but has not seen wide adoption in systems design and operation. Achieving the goal of Zero-Trust throughout the systems lifecycle will help to ensure that no single bad actor—whether human or machine learning/artificial intelligence (ML/AI)—can induce failure anywhere in a system’s lifecycle. Additionally, while ML/AI and their associated risks are already entrenched within the operations phase of many systems’ lifecycles, ML/AI is gaining traction during the design phase. For example, generative design algorithms are increasingly popular, but there is less understanding of potential risks. Adopting the Zero-Trust philosophy helps ensure robust and resilient design, manufacture, operations, maintenance, upgrade, and disposal of systems. We outline the rewards and challenges of implementing Zero-Trust and propose the framework for Zero-Trust for the system design lifecycle. This article highlights several areas of ongoing research with focus on high priority areas where the community should focus efforts.