bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to Reduce Congestion in the Resident Match: What Can Plastic Surgery Learn from Other Specialties?
Authors: Ruffolo Alexis M. , Sommer Nicole Z. , Neumeister Michael W. 
Published: March 2023

Background:Many medical specialties are experiencing congestion in the residency match process because of increasing competition amongst applicants to secure a training position. With rising application numbers for a stable number of positions, the result is an inefficient use of time and financial resources on behalf of both the residency applicants and programs. Solutions to address congestion in the match process have been proposed in the literature, and other specialties have implemented specialty-wide reforms.Methods:The Pubmed and Web of Science databases were queried using keywords related to the residency match and resident selection. The initial search yielded 372 results. Titles and abstracts were evaluated for inclusion and 93 articles met criteria for full-text evaluation. The bibliographies of these publications were reviewed for additional references.Results:Numerous strategies to reduce congestion in the match were identified across specialties. Implemented reforms include a centralized preference signaling system, an interview cap, a staged or consortia match, and publication of transparent program-specific resident selection criteria. We discuss pros and cons of different strategies to reduce congestion in the match and summarize the effects that recent reforms have had on other specialties.Conclusions:Plastic surgery as a field is at a distinct advantage to be a leader in transforming the residency match process, as we are a small and historically innovative group. We hope to spark discussion amongst students, residents, and program faculty with the goal of creating a more efficient match process.
Allostatic Load and Depression Symptoms in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Petrova Dafina , Ubago-Guisado Esther , Garcia-Retamero Rocio , Redondo-Sánchez Daniel , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Catena Andrés , Caparros-Gonzalez Rafael A. , Sánchez Maria José 
Published: March 2023

Background
Individuals with cancer often experience stress throughout the cancer trajectory and have a high risk of experiencing depression.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between allostatic load (AL), a measure of cumulative stress-related physiologic dysregulation of different body systems, and symptoms of depression in cancer survivors.

Methods
Participants were 294 adult cancer survivors from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2007-2018). Allostatic load was measured using 14 indicators representing cardiometabolic risk, glucose metabolism, cardiopulmonary functioning, parasympathetic functioning, and inflammation. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The relationship between AL and depressive symptoms was investigated using multiple regression adjusted for diverse sociodemographic and diagnosis variables.

Results
Higher AL was associated with higher depressive symptom scores. The higher risk of depression was concentrated among those survivors in the highest AL quartile, with 21% (95% confidence interval, 11%-32%) of survivors presenting a high risk of depression compared with 8% to 11% of survivors in the lower quartiles. In exploratory analyses, the relationship between AL and depressive symptoms was only significant among survivors with a lower income. In contrast, in survivors in the highest income group, depressive symptoms were lower and unrelated to AL.

Conclusion
High AL is associated with more depressive symptoms among cancer survivors.

Implications for Practice
Nurses have an important role in identifying psychological distress in cancer patients and survivors. Further research is needed to investigate the usefulness of AL as a marker in the context of cancer follow-up care and screening for psychological distress.
A Nationwide Survey on Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in Health Facilities in China
Authors: Han Yan , Chen Shaochun , Xu Wenqi , Shi Meiqin , Chen Kai , Liu Jun , Kim Peter , Chen Xiangsheng , Yin Yueping 
Published: March 2023

Background
This study evaluated the clinical laboratory capacity for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in China to provide recommendations to improve the diagnostic capacity and quality of this clinically important sexually transmitted disease.

Methods
An electronic questionnaire-based cross-sectional, survey study was conducted by the National Center for STD Control among different types of healthcare facilities in China from July to December 2021.

Results
The surveyed laboratory facilities were located in 332 cities in 31 provinces in China. A total of 4640 records from clinical laboratories were included in the data set for the final analysis. Less than half of the laboratories (41.6% [1931 of 4640]) performed the CT diagnostic test; of these, 721 laboratories (15.5% [721 of 4640]) carried out nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) methods, and 1318 laboratories (28.4% [1318 of 4640]) performed antigen-based immunochromatographic assays. Most laboratories were equipped with biological safety cabinets (93.7% [4348 of 4640]), 49.2% (2283 of 4640) were equipped with fully automated nucleic acid extractors, and 55.2% (2560 of 4640) were equipped with polymerase chain reaction amplification instruments. The laboratories from Southern China or third-class hospitals (i.e., the highest rated hospitals) had the highest proportion using NAATs to diagnose CT among the surveyed health facilities.

Conclusions
Advancing laboratories to use NAAT to detect CT should be phased step-by-step by different areas and levels of hospitals according to the current situation.
Changes in Surgical Outcomes in a Statewide Quality Improvement Collaborative with Introduction of Simultaneous, Comprehensive Interventions
Authors: Silver Casey M , Yang Anthony D , Shan Ying , Love Remi , Prachand Vivek N , Cradock Kimberly A , Johnson Julie , Halverson Amy L , Merkow Ryan P , McGee Michael F , Bilimoria Karl Y ,   for the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:Surgical quality improvement collaboratives (QICs) aim to improve patient outcomes through coaching, benchmarked data reporting, and other activities. Although other regional QICs have formed organically over time, it is unknown whether a comprehensive quality improvement program implemented simultaneously across hospitals at the formation of a QIC would improve patient outcomes.STUDY DESIGN:Patients undergoing surgery at 48 hospitals in the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC) were included. Risk-adjusted rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared from baseline to year 3. Difference-in-differences analyses compared ISQIC hospitals with hospitals in the NSQIP Participant Use File (PUF), which served as a control.RESULTS:There were 180,582 patients who underwent surgery at ISQIC-participating hospitals. Inpatient procedures comprised 100,219 (55.5%) cases. By year 3, risk-adjusted rates of death or serious morbidity decreased in both ISQIC (relative reduction 25.0%, p < 0.001) and PUF hospitals (7.8%, p < 0.001). Adjusted difference-in-differences analysis revealed that ISQIC participation was associated with a significantly greater reduction in death or serious morbidity (odds ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.99, p = 0.01) compared with PUF hospitals. Relative reductions in risk-adjusted rates of other outcomes were also seen in both ISQIC and PUF hospitals (morbidity 22.4% vs 6.4%; venous thromboembolism 20.0% vs 5.0%; superficial surgical site infection 27.3% vs 7.7%, all p < 0.05), although these difference-in-differences did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS:Although complication rates decreased at both ISQIC and PUF hospitals, participation in ISQIC was associated with a significantly greater improvement in death or serious morbidity. These results underscore the potential of QICs to improve patient outcomes.
The landscape of cancer rewired GPCR signaling axes
Authors: Arora Chakit , Matic Marin , DiChiaro Pierluigi , Rosa Natalia De Oliveira , Carli Francesco , Clubb Lauren , Fard Lorenzo Amir Nemati , Kargas Giorgos , Diaferia Giuseppe , Vukotic Ranka , Licata Luana , Wu Guanming , Natoli Gioacchino , Gutkind J. Silvio , Raimondi Francesco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe explored the dysregulation of GPCR ligand signaling systems in cancer transcriptomics datasets to uncover new therapeutics opportunities in oncology. We derived an interaction network of receptors with ligands and their biosynthetic enzymes, which revealed that multiple GPCRs are differentially regulated together with their upstream partners across cancer subtypes. We showed that biosynthetic pathway enrichment from enzyme expression recapitulated pathway activity signatures from metabolomics datasets, providing valuable surrogate information for GPCRs responding to organic ligands. We found that several GPCRs signaling components were significantly associated with patient survival in a cancer type-specific fashion. The expression of both receptor-ligand (or enzymes) partners improved patient stratification, suggesting a synergistic role for the activation of GPCR networks in modulating cancer phenotypes. Remarkably, we identified many such axes across several cancer molecular subtypes, including many pairs involving receptor- biosynthetic enzymes for neurotransmitters. We found that GPCRs from these actionable axes, including e.g., muscarinic, adenosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and chemokine receptors, are the targets of multiple drugs displaying anti-growth effects in large-scale, cancer cell drug screens. We have made the results generated in this study freely available through a webapp (gpcrcanceraxes.bioinfolab.sns.it).SignificanceComprehensive analysis of GPCR extracellular network in cancer transcriptomics datasets reveals signaling axes associated to patient survival, whose targeting is associated with growth inhibition in cancer cell lines drug sensitivity assays.
InClust+: the multimodal version of inClust for multimodal data integration, imputation, and cross modal generation
Authors: Wang Lifei , Nie Rui , Cai Yankai , Wang Anqi , Zhang Hanwen , Zhang Jiang , Cai Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the development of single-cell technology, many cell traits (e.g. gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation) can be measured. Furthermore, the multi-omic profiling technology could jointly measure two or more traits in a single cell simultaneously. In order to process the various data accumulated rapidly, computational methods for multimodal data integration are needed. Previously, we developed inClust, a flexible all-in deep generative framework for transcriptome data. Here, we extend the applicability of inClust into the realm of multimodal data by adding two mask modules: an input-mask module in front of the encoder and an output-mask module behind the decoder. We call this augmented model inClust+, and apply it to various multimodal data. InClust+ was first used to integrate scRNA and MERFISH data from similar cell populations and to impute MERFISH data based on scRNA data. Then, inClust+ is shown to have the capability to integrate a multimodal data contain scRNA and scATAC or two multimodal CITE datasets with batch effect. Finally, inClust+ is used to integrate a monomodal scRNA dataset and two multimodal CITE datasets, and generate the missing modality of surface protein in monomodal scRNA data. In the above examples, the performance of inClust+ is better than or comparable to the most recent tools to the corresponding task, which prove inClust+ is a suitable framework for handling multimodal data. Meanwhile, the successful implementation of mask in inClust+ means that it can be applied to other deep learning methods with similar encoder-decoder architecture to broaden the application scope of these models.
Identification of a new pharyngeal mucosal lymphoid organ in zebrafish and other teleosts: tonsils in fish?
Authors: Resseguier J , Nguyen-Chis M , Wohlmann J , Rigaudeau D , Salinas I , Oehlers SH , Wiegertjes GF , Johansen FE , Qiao SW , Koppang EO , Verrier B , Boudinot P , Griffiths G 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe constant exposure of the fish branchial cavity to aquatic pathogens must have driven local mucosal immune responses to be extremely important for their survival. In this study, we used a universal marker for T lymphocytes/natural killer cells (ZAP70) and advanced imaging techniques to investigate the lymphoid architecture of the zebrafish branchial cavity. We identified a new lymphoid organ, which we tentatively named “Nemausean Lymphoid Organ” (NEMO), situated below the pharynx, and closely associated with gill lymphoid tissues. Besides T/NK cells, NEMO is enriched in plasma/B cells and antigen-presenting cells embedded in a network of reticulated epithelial cells. Presence of activated T cells and lymphocyte proliferation but not V(D)J recombination or hematopoiesis, suggests a function as secondary lymphoid organ. In response to infection, NEMO displays structural changes including the formation of T/NK cells clusters. NEMO and gill lymphoid aggregates form a cohesive unit within a lymphoid network that extends throughout the pharyngo-respiratory area. Collectively, our findings reveal a new mucosal lymphoid organ reminiscent of mammalian tonsils that evolved in fish. Importantly, NEMO could clearly be identified in multiple teleost fish families.One sentence summaryA previously unreported lymphoid organ has been identified within the pharyngo-respiratory tract of the zebrafish, and other teleost fish, providing new insights into the immune system of teleost fish and the evolution of vertebrate immunology.
The impact of female sex on anaesthetic awareness, depth and emergence: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Braithwaite Hannah E. , Payne Thomas , Duce Nicholas , Lim Jessica , McCulloch Tim , Loadsman John , Leslie Kate , Webster Angela C , Sanders Robert D. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccumulating evidence supports sex differences in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug profiles. However, recommended anaesthetic drug doses are not sex-adjusted, likely due to limited studies comparing sexes. Our objective was to systematically synthesise studies of anaesthetic key performance indicators (anaesthesia awareness), and markers of relatively lighter anaesthesia, time to emergence and dosing to achieve adequate depth of anaesthesia, for females and males.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases. Studies were identified from inception of database to August 2nd, 2022. Controlled clinical trials (randomised and non-randomised) and prospective cohort studies that reported outcomes by sex for awareness with post-operative recall, connected consciousness during anaesthesia, depth of anaesthesia, and emergence from anaesthesia. Two authors undertook search, review, selection, and data abstraction. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results were synthesized by random effects meta-analysis where possible, or narrative form. Results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOf the 19,749 studies identified from literature search, 66 citations of 64 studies (98,243 participants; 53,143 females and 45,100 males) were eligible for inclusion, of which 44 contributed to meta-analysis. Females had a higher incidence of awareness with post-operative recall (33 studies, OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.09 to 1.75) and connected consciousness during anaesthesia (3 studies, OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.23) than males. Time to emergence was faster in females than in males, including time to eye-opening (10 studies, MD -2.28 min, 95% CI -3.58 to -0.98), and time to response to command (6 studies, MD - 2.84 min, 95% CI -4.07 to -1.62). Data on depth of anaesthesia were heterogenous limiting synthesis to a qualitative review which did not identify differences by sex.ConclusionFemale sex was associated with a greater incidence of anaesthetic awareness, as well as faster emergence from anaesthesia. These data suggest reappraisal of anaesthetic care, including whether similar drug dosing for females and males represents best care. Equitable outcomes for females undergoing general anaesthesia warrants strategic focus in future research.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42022336087.
Autocorrelation analysis of a phenotypic screen reveals hidden drug activity
Authors: Dubach Richard A. , Dubach J. Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhenotype based screening is a powerful tool to evaluate cellular drug response. Using high content fluorescence imaging of simple fluorescent labels and complex image analysis, phenotypic analysis identifies subtle compound-induced cellular changes unique to compound mechanisms of action (MoA). Recently, a screen of 1,008 compounds in three cell lines was reported where phenotype analysis detected changes in cellular phenotypes and accurately identified compound MoA for roughly half the compounds. However, we were surprised that DNA alkylating agents and other compounds known to induce or impact the DNA damage response produced no activity in cells with fluorescently labeled TP53BP1 - a canonical DNA damage marker. We hypothesized that phenotype analysis is not sensitive enough to detect small changes in 53BP1 distribution and analyzed the screen images with autocorrelation image analysis. We found that autocorrelation analysis, which quantifies the clustering of fluorescently-labelled protein within the nucleus, of 53BP1 images from this screen identified higher compound activity for compounds and MoAs known to impact the DNA damage response. These results demonstrate the capacity of autocorrelation to detect otherwise undetectable compound activity and suggest that autocorrelation analysis of specific proteins could serve as a powerful screening tool for drug discovery.
The effect of virtual visual scene inclination transitions on gait modulation in healthy young vs older adults - a virtual reality study
Authors: Benady Amit , Zadik Sean , Gilaie-Dotan Sharon , Plotnik Meir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBipedal locomotion requires body adaptation to maintain stability after encountering a transition to inclined walking. A major adaptation is the change in walking speed to maintain optimal energy consumption. When transitioning to uphill walking, people exert more energy to counteract gravitational forces pulling them backward, while when transitioning to downhill walking people break to avoid uncontrolled acceleration. This behavior is controlled by three main senses:proprioceptionandvestibular(aka body-based cues), andvisualcues. In this study, we aimed to measure the influence of the visual cues on these modulations in healthy older adults and compare it to healthy young adults. To that end, we used a fully immersive virtual-reality system embedded with a self-paced treadmill and projected visual scene that allowed us to manipulate the inclinations of the treadmill and the visual scene in an independent manner. In addition, we measured the visual field dependency of each participant using the rod and frame test. The group of older adults presented the braking (decelerating), and exertion (accelerating) effects, in response to downhill and uphill visual illusions, respectively, in a similar manner as the young group. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the intensity of the speed modulation and the visual field dependency for each group separately, however the visual field dependency was significantly higher in the elderly adults. These results suggest that with aging individuals maintain their reliance on the visual system to modulate their gait in accordance with surface inclination in the same manner as young adults.
Platelet Activating Factor Activity Modulates Hyperoxic Neonatal Lung Injury Severity
Authors: Yee Aaron J. , Kandasamy Jegen , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Ren Changchun , Halloran Brian , Olave Nelida , Nicola Teodora , Jilling Tamas 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTHyperoxia-induced inflammation contributes significantly to developmental lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is known to be a major driver of inflammation in lung diseases such as asthma and pulmonary fibrosis, but its role in BPD has not been previously investigated. Therefore, to determine whether PAF signaling independently modulates neonatal hyperoxic lung injury and BPD pathogenesis, lung structure was assessed in 14 day-old C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and PAF receptor knockout (PTAFR KO) mice that were exposed to 21% (normoxia) or 85% O2(hyperoxia) from postnatal day 4. Lung morphometry showed that PTAFR KO mice had attenuated hyperoxia-induced alveolar simplification when compared to WT mice. Functional analysis of gene expression data from hyperoxia-exposed vs. normoxia-exposed lungs of WT and PTAFR KO showed that the most upregulated pathways were thehypercytokinemia/hyperchemokinemiapathway in WT mice,NAD signalingpathway in PTAFR KO mice, andagranulocyte adhesion and diapedesisas well as other pro-fibrotic pathways such astumor microenvironmentandoncostatin-M signalingin both mice strains, indicating that PAF signaling may contribute to inflammation but may not be a significant mediator of fibrotic processes during hyperoxic neonatal lung injury. Gene expression analysis also indicated increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as CXCL1, CCL2 and IL-6 in the lungs of hyperoxia-exposed WT mice and metabolic regulators such as HMGCS2 and SIRT3 in the lungs of PTAFR KO mice, suggesting that PAF signaling may modulate BPD risk through changes in pulmonary inflammation and/or metabolic reprogramming in preterm infants.
An analysis of students’ attitudes and behaviors toward on-campus sustainable dining initiatives
Authors: Franzidis Alexia F. , Zinder Steven M. , Backston Olivia 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine students’ attitudes toward sustainable dining. It aims to identify the level of importance that students place on specific on-campus sustainable dining initiatives and the factors that affect their attitudes and behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach
A random sample of 197 undergraduate students completed an online survey in the spring semester of 2020. The survey was divided into four sections: demographic and background information; familiarity with on-campus dining, specifically with sustainable on-campus dining initiatives; the level of importance placed on these sustainable practices; and practiced sustainable behaviors.

Findings
Many students placed a high level of importance on common sustainable dining behaviors and practices such as recycling, waste reduction techniques and the use of eco-friendly utensils. Sex was found to be a significant factor in determining students’ attitudes and behaviors. While men had a higher level of knowledge of on-campus sustainable practices at the dining facilities, women consistently placed a higher level of importance on almost all sustainable dining practices. Additionally, the study also found that signage was not an effective method of influencing behavior.

Originality/value
Previous studies that have explored this topic have been limited. Additional research is needed to ascertain if better knowledge of on-campus sustainable dining initiatives can influence students’ inclinations to act more sustainably.