bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Come‐from‐behind victories under ranked‐choice voting and runoff: The impact on voter satisfaction
Authors: Cerrone Joseph , McClintock Cynthia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBoth ranked‐choice voting (RCV) and runoff seek to prevent the election of candidates with only minority support by enabling more broadly approved rivals to win through come‐from‐behind victories (CFBVs). Although CFBVs are intrinsic to RCV and runoff, they have received little scholarly attention. This study suggests that, amid voters' status quo bias, CFBVs provoke dissatisfaction. In a survey experiment fielded on U.S. voters, CFBVs under RCV significantly reduced satisfaction, while there was a weaker negative effect under runoff. Similarly, RCV was repealed or faced a visible repeal attempt in the vast majority of U.S. jurisdictions that experienced a CFBV in the first or second use of the rule. This was not the case for runoff. We encourage greater voter education, including regarding the rationale for and mechanics of CFBVs under RCV as well as consideration of runoff and other rules that encourage the election of candidates with majority support.Related ArticlesMcCarthy, Devin, and Jack Santucci. 2021. “Ranked Choice Voting as a Generational Issue in Modern American Politics.” Politics & Policy 49(1): 33–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12390.Nielson, Lindsay. 2017. “Ranked Choice Voting and Attitudes toward Democracy in the United States: Results from a Survey Experiment.” Politics & Policy 45(4): 535–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12212.Stiers, Dieter. 2019. “Static and Dynamic Models of Retrospective Voting: A Clarification and Application to the Individual Level.” Politics & Policy 47(5): 859–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12324.
Ingroup favoritism on perceived risk of infectious diseases
Authors: Peng Mei , Bai Xuejun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHumans live in social groups; thus, infectious diseases may threaten human health and safety. Do individuals exhibit ingroup favoritism or ingroup devaluation when faced with varying risks of infectious diseases? We generated relatively realistic disease scenarios to examine this question. We reported the results from three experiments in which we tested individuals’ perceived disease risk from ingroup and outgroup members under high‐ and low‐risk conditions. Experiment 1 used a realistic influenza scenario, and Experiments 2 and 3 used a realistic scenario of exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). All three experiments showed that perceived disease risk was significantly lower from ingroup members than from outgroup members and significantly lower in low‐risk conditions than in high‐risk conditions. Furthermore, the perceived disease risk was significantly lower from ingroup members than from outgroup members in high‐risk conditions but did not significantly differ in low‐risk conditions, as in Experiment 1's influenza scenario and Experiment 2's COVID‐19 vaccination scenario. This suggests that ingroup favoritism is flexible. The results support ingroup favoritism and the functional flexibility principle in response to disease threats according to perceived disease risk.
The geography of payment activity on PayPal
Authors: Hillberry Russell , Mahlstein Kornel , Schropp Simon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe use data from PayPal to study the geography of online payment activity. An empirical gravity model finds a distance elasticity of −0.58 for payment value, a result that is 40% lower than typically observed in conventional trade data. The firm‐extensive margin is approximately half as sensitive to distance. The link between the scale of merchants' exports and transaction distance is considerably weaker than observed in conventional international trade data. Zipf's Law holds for PayPal merchants in some countries, but fails in smaller PayPal markets. Merchants' account ages only marginally affect the scale and average distance of their export sales.
Monetary union, asymmetric recession, and exit
Authors: Keuschnigg Christian , Kirschner Linda , Kogler Michael , Winterberg Hannah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe propose a model of the Eurozone and analyze an asymmetric recession in a vulnerable member state with high public debt, weak banks, and low growth. We compare macroeconomic adjustment under continued membership with two exit scenarios that introduce flexible exchange rates and autonomous monetary policy. An exit with stable investor expectations could significantly dampen the short‐run impact. Stabilization is achieved by a targeted monetary expansion combined with depreciation. However, investor panic may lead to escalation, aggravate the recession and delay the recovery.
Gingival metastasis of angiosarcoma of the breast as a first manifestation of spreading disease: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mota Maria Emília , Tomo Saygo , Alves Fábio de Abreu , Pellissari Guilherme Andrade , do Nascimento Antonio Geraldo , Lopes Rodrigo Nascimento 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAngiosarcoma is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of vascular origin. Oral metastases of angiosarcoma are rare and have a non‐specific clinical presentation, thus the diagnosis may be challenging.Case reportHerein we report a case of a 34‐year‐old female patient after treatment of a high‐grade angiosarcoma of the breast, who presented an asymptomatic bleeding purplish nodule in the maxillary interdental papilla between the first and second premolar. A biopsy was performed, and the histological examination revealed infiltration by malignant neoplasm of epithelioid and fusocellular pattern. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that neoplastic cells were positive for ERG and CD31, and negative for cytokeratins AE1/AE3, confirming the diagnosis of metastatic angiosarcoma. After investigation, multiple metastases were discovered. The patient is under management with chemotherapy and palliative radiotherapy for the bone lesions.ConclusionMetastases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions in patients with a previous history of cancer. Due to the morphology of angiosarcomas, the metastatic lesions may resemble benign vascular lesions, therefore, biopsy is mandatory to exclude malignancy.
Midwives' experiences of encountering immigrant women during labour and birth who do not master the host country's language. A lifeworld hermeneutic study
Authors: Abdulle Amran Ahmed , Borrego Natalia , Lundgren Ingela 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmigrant women are in a vulnerable position during labour and birth due to language barriers. Communication with women who do not master the host country's language is difficult for midwives, but there are few studies about midwives' experiences.AimTo explore Norwegian midwives' experiences of encountering immigrant women during labour and birth who do not master the native language.MethodA hermeneutic lifeworld approach. Interviews with eight midwives working at specialist clinics and hospital maternity wards in Norway.ResultsThe findings were interpreted based on four concepts in the theory “Birth territory: A theory for midwifery practice” by Fahy and Parrat presented in five themes: language barriers can cause disharmony and prevent participation, language barriers can lead to midwifery domination and poorer care, midwives strive for harmony and to be a guardian, medicalisd birth due to language barriers, and disharmony can lead to crossing boundaries. The main interpretation shows that it is midwifery domination and disintegrative power that are prominent. However, the midwives strived to use their integrative power and be guardians, but in doing so they encountered challenges.ConclusionMidwives need strategies for better communication with immigrant women involving the women and for avoiding a medicalised birth. To be able to meet immigrant women's needs and to establish a good relationship with them, challenges in maternity care need to be addressed. There are needs of care that focus on cultural aspects, leadership teams that support midwives, and both theoretical and organisational care models that support immigrant women.
Development and use of a mass‐balance model to calculate the likely effects of agrichemicals on trace element accumulation in soils supporting palm oil production
Authors: Thompson‐Morrison Hadee , Moltchanova Elena , Gaw Sally , Robinson Brett 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTrace elements (TEs) can reduce both the quantity and quality of agricultural produce when essential trace elements are deficient or when any trace element accumulates beyond threshold concentrations in soil. Therefore, TEs in agricultural systems should be managed to ensure that soil concentrations are kept within guideline levels and do not affect production. Oil palm agriculture in Indonesia occurs on weathered, acidic soils that require substantial fertilizer inputs to maintain production. To understand whether TE accumulation in soils resulting from fertilizer and pesticide use may affect production in the future, we have developed a mass‐balance model to calculate likely concentrations of TEs in soils after given time periods under production conditions. Our model was developed to simulate processes which occur in the soil–plant system and involve the transport of TEs. It was developed to be rationally convenient, that is, parsimonious, working at environmentally relevant concentrations and able to be applied at the hectare scale to large agricultural systems. The model uses the mass‐balance equation and uses the critical parameters of rainfall, evaporation, erosion, soil adsorption coefficient, initial plant and soil contaminant concentrations, as well as soil‐ and‐crop specific parameters. We validated our model using a data set from a 64‐year fertilizer trial, which had known inputs and application rates of fluorine (F), cadmium (Cd) and uranium (U). We applied the validated model to a smallholder oil palm plantation in Indonesia, modelling accumulation of copper (Cu), F, Cd and U under recommended production conditions, to determine which TEs might limit production and the likely timeframes for this. Our results indicate that topsoil concentrations of Cu and F were likely to reach phytotoxic concentrations in soils (289 and 719 mg kg−1, respectively), within 50 years under these conditions. The future feasibility of intensive oil palm production on weathered, low fertility soils such as those in Indonesia should be assessed to avoid long‐term negative impacts on soil quality.
Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Supported by an Expected Pareto Distance Change
Authors: Valladares Homero , Tovar Andres 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The solution to global (a posteriori) multi-objective optimization problems traditionally relies on population-based algorithms, which are very effective in generating a Pareto front. Unfortunately, due to the high number of function evaluations, these methods are of limited use in problems that involve expensive black-box functions. In recent years, multi-objective Bayesian optimization has emerged as a powerful alternative; however, in many applications, these methods fail to generate a diverse and well-spread Pareto front. To address this limitation, our work introduces a novel acquisition function (AF) for multi-objective Bayesian optimization that produces more informative acquisition landscapes. The proposed AF comprises two terms, namely, a distance-based metric and a diversity index. The distance-based metric, referred to as the expected Pareto distance change, promotes the evaluation of high-performing designs and repels low-performing design zones. The diversity term prevents the evaluation of designs that are similar to the ones contained in the current sampling plan. The proposed AF is studied using seven analytical problems and in the design optimization of sandwich composite armors for blast mitigation, which involves expensive finite element simulations. The results show that the proposed AF generates high-quality Pareto sets outperforming well-established methods such as the Euclidean-based expected improvement function. The proposed AF is also compared with respect to a recently proposed multi-objective approach. The difference in their performance is problem dependent.
Internal Heat Transfer Measurement on Metal-Based Additively Manufactured Channels Using a Transient Technique
Authors: Lüscher Patrick , Deflorin Marin , Voggesser Manuel , Stuber Peter , Galoul Vincent , Ko Minseok 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) of metals open new possibilities in the design of gas turbine parts. Especially the cooling efficiency of internal channels can be improved with more complex geometries. Naturally, AM channels have a higher surface roughness than conventionally manufactured parts, which influences the cooling air pressure loss as well as the heat transfer. Implementing novel cooling designs using AM can be possible only if the effect of increased surface roughness on the flow and on the heat transfer can be predicted with an appropriate accuracy. The objective of the current study was to measure these parameters experimentally in simple AM channels to build a database for designing complex and efficient cooling designs using the AM technique. A test rig and postprocessing method was elaborated to derive the local internal heat transfer distribution of metal-based AM channels. Six circular single channel coupons made by selective laser melting (SLM) were tested for Reynolds numbers ranging from 20,000 to 50,000. The coupon with the lowest relative roughness shows good agreement with the Dittus–Boelter correlation. All the other coupons show a consistent increase of internal heat transfer and flow friction with the increase of the internal surface roughness.
Automated Vibration and Acoustic Crepitus Sensing in Humans
Authors: Roytman Gregory , Faydenko Jocelyn , Budavich Matthew , Pocius Judith D. , Cramer Gregory 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Crepitus vibrational and acoustic signal analysis of the human facet joints of the lumbar spine has historically been a difficult problem due to the inhomogeneous and varied signal characteristics. Although previous studies have examined tribological characteristics of facet joints, we have found vibrational and acoustic signals to be a satisfactory analog to facet joint tribology and function. Here, we improve upon our previous automated computational method, now enhancing it for the analysis of human crepitus. Compared with this group’s previous studies using a mechanical model, human crepitus is extremely complex. Therefore, we proposed an automated method (AM) of analysis that used a test set (n = 16) and an experimental set of data (n = 48). We had a fair level of interrater agreement (Kw = 0.367, standard error (SE) = 0.054, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.260–0.474) between the AM and human observers before adjustments were made in the AM. Following adjustments to the AM, interrater agreement improved to a substantial level (Kw = 0.788, SE = 0.056, 95% CI = 0.0.682–0.895). In the future, we recommend a machine learning study with a larger number of subjects who can better capture the nuances of varying types of human crepitus.
Disruption of proteome by an oncogenic fusion kinase alters metabolism in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Levin Solomon N. , Tomasini Michael D. , Knox James , Shirani Mahsa , Shebl Bassem , Requena David , Clark Jackson , Heissel Søren , Alwaseem Hanan , Surjan Rodrigo , Lahasky Ron , Molina Henrik , Torbenson Michael S. , Lyons Barbara , Migler Rachael D. , Coffino Philip , Simon Sanford M. 
Published: June 2023

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a usually lethal primary liver cancer driven by a somatic dysregulation of protein kinase A. We show that the proteome of FLC tumors is distinct from that of adjacent nontransformed tissue. These changes can account for some of the cell biological and pathological alterations in FLC cells, including their drug sensitivity and glycolysis. Hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a recurrent problem in these patients, and established treatments based on the assumption of liver failure are unsuccessful. We show that many of the enzymes that produce ammonia are increased and those that consume ammonia are decreased. We also demonstrate that the metabolites of these enzymes change as expected. Thus, hyperammonemic encephalopathy in FLC may require alternative therapeutics.
Topology and function of translocated EspZ
Authors: Haritan Nir , Bouman Etan Amse , Nandi Ipsita , Shtuhin-Rahav Raisa , Zlotkin-Rivkin Efrat , Danieli Tsafi , Melamed-Book Naomi , Nir-Keren Yael , Aroeti Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

EspZ and Tir are essential virulence effectors of enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC). EspZ, the second translocated effector, has been suggested to antagonize host cell death induced by the first translocated effector, Tir (translocated intimin receptor). Another characteristic of EspZ is its localization to host mitochondria. However, studies that explored the mitochondrial localization of EspZ have examined the ectopically expressed effector and not the more physiologically relevant translocated effector. Here, we confirmed the membrane topology of translocated EspZ at infection sites and the involvement of Tir in confining its localization to these sites. Unlike the ectopically expressed EspZ, the translocated EspZ did not colocalize with mitochondrial markers. Moreover, no correlation has been found between the capacity of ectopically expressed EspZ to target mitochondria and the ability of translocated EspZ to protect against cell death. Translocated EspZ may have to some extent diminished F-actin pedestal formation induced by Tir but has a marked effect on protecting against host cell death and on promoting host colonization by the bacteria. Taken together, our results suggest that EspZ plays an essential role in facilitating bacterial colonization, likely by antagonizing cell death mediated by Tir at the onset of bacterial infection. This activity of EspZ, which occurs by targeting host membrane components at infection sites, and not mitochondria, may contribute to successful bacterial colonization of the infected intestine.

IMPORTANCE
EPEC is an important human pathogen that causes acute infantile diarrhea. EspZ is an essential virulence effector protein translocated from the bacterium into the host cells. Detailed knowledge of its mechanisms of action is, therefore, critical for better understanding the EPEC disease. We show that Tir, the first translocated effector, confines the localization of EspZ, the second translocated effector, to infection sites. This activity is important for antagonizing the pro-cell death activity conferred by Tir. Moreover, we show that translocated EspZ leads to effective bacterial colonization of the host. Hence, our data suggest that translocated EspZ is essential because it confers host cell survival to allow bacterial colonization at an early stage of bacterial infection. It performs these activities by targeting host membrane components at infection sites. Identifying these targets is critical for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the EspZ activity and the EPEC disease.
Host MOSPD2 enrichment at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane varies between
Toxoplasma
strains and involves complex interactions
Authors: Ferrel Abel , Romano Julia , Panas Michael W. , Coppens Isabelle , Boothroyd John C. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii
is an obligate, intracellular parasite. Infection of a cell produces a unique niche for the parasite named the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) initially composed of host plasma membrane invaginated during invasion. The PV and its membrane (parasitophorous vacuole membrane [PVM]) are subsequently decorated with a variety of parasite proteins allowing the parasite to optimally grow in addition to manipulate host processes. Recently, we reported a proximity-labeling screen at the PVM–host interface and identified host endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident motile sperm domain-containing protein 2 (MOSPD2) as being enriched at this location. Here we extend these findings in several important respects. First, we show that the extent and pattern of host MOSPD2 association with the PVM differ dramatically in cells infected with different strains of
Toxoplasma
. Second, in cells infected with Type I RH strain, the MOSPD2 staining is mutually exclusive with regions of the PVM that associate with mitochondria. Third, immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with epitope-tagged MOSPD2-expressing host cells reveal strong enrichment of several PVM-localized parasite proteins, although none appear to play an essential role in MOSPD2 association. Fourth, most MOSPD2 associating with the PVM is newly translated after infection of the cell and requires the major functional domains of MOSPD2, identified as the CRAL/TRIO domain and tail anchor, although these domains were not sufficient for PVM association. Lastly, ablation of MOSPD2 results in, at most, a modest impact on
Toxoplasma
growth
in vitro
. Collectively, these studies provide new insight into the molecular interactions involving MOSPD2 at the dynamic interface between the PVM and the host cytosol.

IMPORTANCE

Toxoplasma gondii
is an intracellular pathogen that lives within a membranous vacuole inside of its host cell. This vacuole is decorated by a variety of parasite proteins that allow it to defend against host attack, acquire nutrients, and interact with the host cell. Recent work identified and validated host proteins enriched at this host–pathogen interface. Here, we follow up on one candidate named MOSPD2 shown to be enriched at the vacuolar membrane and describe it as having a dynamic interaction at this location depending on a variety of factors. Some of these include the presence of host mitochondria, intrinsic domains of the host protein, and whether translation is active. Importantly, we show that MOSPD2 enrichment at the vacuole membrane differs between strains indicating active involvement of the parasite with this phenotype. Altogether, these results shed light on the mechanism and role of protein associations in the host–pathogen interaction.