bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with postpartum depression symptoms among postpartum women in five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online cross-sectional study
Authors: Coca Kelly Pereira , Chien Li-Yin , Lee Eun Young , Souza Ana Carolina de Prima , Hong Seo Ah , Chang Yan-Shing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to examine factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among postpartum women in five countries, a subject that has not been investigated thus far.

Methods
A multi-country, cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 3,523 postpartum women in Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, from July to November 2021. Sociodemographic and obstetric data, food insecurity, COVID-19 positive status, COVID-19 vaccination, infant feeding, breastfeeding belief score, and social support were investigated. PPD and social support were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Maternal Social Support Scale, respectively. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and t-tests were used to identify associations with PPD symptoms. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify explanatory factors associated with PPD and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results
Women in Taiwan (AOR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.34, 0.73) and Thailand (AOR = 0.68; 95%CI 0.46, 0.99) had a lower risk of PPD symptoms than those in Brazil. In addition, women with planned pregnancies had a lower risk of PPD (AOR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.60, 0.91). Younger women (AOR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.05, 2.51), health problems during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum (AOR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.42, 2.06), and no change or worse food insecurity during COVID-19 (AOR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.21, 1.27 for no change and AOR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.27, 1.23, respectively) presented a higher likelihood of having PPD. Feeding babies with expressed human milk (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.03, 1.50) and/or complementary food (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.17, 1.94) were associated with PPD symptoms. Women who received low (AOR = 7.74; 95%CI 5.43, 11.03) or medium support (AOR = 3.25; 95%CI 2.71, 3.88) had higher likelihoods of PPD.

Conclusion
PPD symptoms during the pandemic were high in young women, particularly Brazilian women, with health problems in the puerperal pregnancy cycle who fed their babies expressed breast milk and/or complementary food. Low social support also impacted PPD symptoms. This study highlights the need for the professional screening for PPD and provision of virtual or personal support.
Factors influencing adherence to anti-retroviral therapy in amazonian indigenous people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Valenzuela-Oré Félix , Angulo-Bazán Yolanda , Lazóriga-Sandoval Lucy D. , Cruz-Vilcarromero Norma L. , Cubas-Sagardia Cecilia R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Indigenous communities in Peru has been historically affected by high mortality rates attributable to HIV-AIDS infection, associated with a low access to health services, and socio-cultural barriers. In this context, the study aimed to describe factors associated with antiretroviral treatment adherence in people from Awajun and Wampis indigenous communities, living with HIV-AIDS in a Peruvian Amazonian region.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was completed with a consecutive sample of people from indigenous communities (Awajun or Wampis) living with HIV, who were receiving antiretroviral treatment for at least the last three months. Participants were recruited between October 1 and December 30, 2021, from four districts of Bagua and Condorcanqui provinces in the Amazonian region. An ad-hoc questionnaire was used to collect information about demographic, economic, and socio-cultural factors and access to health services. The Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) was used to evaluate adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise was performed to explore factors that might influence adherence.

Results
Of the 208 participants, 28.8% reported complete adherence to antiretroviral treatment. The multivariate logistic regression showed that occupation (aPR: 1.86; 95%CI 1.15–3.02), economic income (aPR: 0.64; 95%CI 0.41–0.99), and adverse reactions to antiretroviral therapy (aPR: 0.36; 95%CI 0.18–0.70) were related to complete adherence to medication.

Conclusion
Only a third of participants reported complete adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral medication were related to socioeconomic conditions and adverse reactions to the therapeutic scheme. Interventions to improve adherence in indigenous people living with HIV should consider these factors in order to develop effective implementation strategies.
Association of physical activity, smoking, and socioeconomic factors on health checkup participation in community-dwelling stroke survivors aged 50 years or older
Authors: Park Mina , Lee Jung Soo , Kim Yeo Hyung 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
We investigated the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with health checkup participation in community-dwelling stroke survivors.

Methods
Among participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 642 stroke survivors were included. We investigated the sociodemographic, medical, and health-related quality of life factors—evaluated by the EuroQol 5-Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D)—associated with participation in any type of health checkup. To explore the associations between multiple variables and health checkup participation, a multivariable complex-sample logistic regression model was used.

Results
One-third of the community-dwelling stroke survivors did not receive a health checkup in the past two years. Insufficient physical activity (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9), current smoking (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.8), low education level (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9), living alone (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.998), and no occupation (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9) showed independent negative associations with health checkup participation. Among the five EQ-5D dimensions, mobility, self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort dimensions were associated with health checkup participation rate.

Conclusion
Policies and further research are needed to promote health checkups for stroke survivors who are physically inactive, currently smoking, living alone, unemployed, less educated, or having extreme problems in their daily lives.
Inhibition of fatty acid synthase protects obese mice from acute lung injury via ameliorating lung endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Wu Zhuhua , Zhu Li , Nie Xinran , Liu Yingli , Zhang Xiaoju , Qi Yong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI under obesity.

Methods
A high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model was established and lean mice fed with regular chow diet were served as controls. LPS was intratracheally instilled to reproduce ALI in mice. In vitro, primary mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs), treated by palmitic acid (PA) or co-cultured with 3T3-L1 adipocytes, were exposed to LPS. Chemical inhibitor C75 or shRNA targeting FASN was used for in vivo and in vitro loss-of-function studies for FASN.

Results
After LPS instillation, the protein levels of FASN in freshly isolated lung endothelial cells from DIO mice were significantly higher than those from lean mice. MLECs undergoing metabolic stress exhibited increased levels of FASN, decreased levels of VE-cadherin with increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and NLRP3 expression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired endothelial barrier compared with the control MLECs when exposed to LPS. However, these effects were attenuated by FASN inhibition with C75 or corresponding shRNA. In vivo, LPS-induced ALI, C75 pretreatment remarkably alleviated LPS-induced overproduction of lung inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and lung vascular hyperpermeability in DIO mice as evidenced by increased VE-cadherin expression in lung endothelial cells and decreased lung vascular leakage.

Conclusions
Taken together, FASN inhibition alleviated the exacerbation of LPS-induced lung injury under obesity via rescuing lung endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting FASN may be a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating LPS-induced ALI in obese individuals.
Processing of Numeral + Noun structures by L1 Persian learners of L2 English, using an online reading task
Authors: Taghizadeh Masoomeh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithin the last two decades, researchers have begun to investigate how L2 learners process syntactic, morpho-syntactic, and lexical information during the comprehension of L2 sentences. The present study aimed to add to research by investigating how L1 influences L2 processing of sentences indicating plurality in constructions involving numerals. More specifically, the research investigated whether Persian speaking low-proficient L2 learners of English showed L1 transfer effects performing a self-paced online reading task. To address this issue, employing the IBEX software, reaction times on critical regions and accuracy rates of learners’ performance were measured on four types of structures (i.e., Numeral + Count Noun, Numeral + Classifier + Mass Noun, Numeral + Classifier + Count Noun, and Numeral + Non-referential Noun + Noun) and two sentence types (ill-formed vs. well-formed). Statistical analysis indicated the effect of both structure and sentence type on reaction times on the critical regions studied. Results also indicated traces of L1 effect in processing Numeral + Classifier + Mass Noun and Numeral + Classifier + Count Noun structures. Concerning the Numeral + Count Noun and Numeral + Classifier + Non-referential Noun + Noun, no clear evidence for L1 transfer effect was observed. Further studies employing a larger sample size, investigating the issue at higher proficiency levels, and having native English speakers as control group are suggested.
Fuels change quickly after California drought and bark beetle outbreaks with implications for potential fire behavior and emissions
Authors: Reed Charlotte C. , Hood Sharon M. , Cluck Daniel R. , Smith Sheri L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
An extreme drought from 2012–2016 and concurrent bark beetle outbreaks in California, USA resulted in widespread tree mortality. We followed changes in tree mortality, stand structure, and surface and canopy fuels over four years after the peak of mortality in Sierra mixed conifer and pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) forests to examine patterns of mortality, needle retention after death, and snag fall across tree species. We then investigated how the tree mortality event affected surface and canopy fuel loading and potential impacts on fire hazard and emissions.

Results
Drought and beetle-related tree mortality shifted mortality patterns to be more evenly distributed across size classes and concentrated in pines. Substantial changes to surface fuel loading, stand density, canopy fuel loads, and potential wildfire emissions occurred within four years following peak levels of tree mortality, with the largest changes related to increases in coarse woody debris. Nearly complete needle fall occurred within four years of mortality for all species except red fir (Abies magnifica). Pine species and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) snags fell more quickly than fir species. Potential fire behavior modelling suggested that crowning and torching hazard decreased as trees dropped dead needles and fell, but as canopy fuels were transferred to surface fuels, potential for smoldering combustion increased, causing greater emissions.

Conclusions
Our study increases understanding of how extreme tree mortality events caused by concurrent disturbances alter canopy and surface fuel loading and have the potential to affect fire behavior and emissions in two compositionally different seasonally dry forest types. After a major tree mortality event, high canopy fuel flammability may only last a few years, but surface fuels can increase considerably over the same time period in these forest types. The accumulation of coarse woody surface fuels resulting from multi-year drought and concurrent bark beetle outbreaks combined with the increasing frequency of drought in the western U.S. have the potential to lead to heavy and dry fuel loads that under certain weather conditions may result in more extreme fire behavior and severe effects, particularly in forest types where decades of successful fire suppression has caused forest densification.
Psychosocial and behavioural interventions for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a systematic review of efficacy meta-analyses
Authors: Cella Matteo , Roberts Safina , Pillny Matthias , Riehle Marcel , O'Donoghue Brian , Lyne John , Tomlin Paul , Valmaggia Lucia , Preti Antonio 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundCurrently there is no first-line treatment recommended for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychosocial and behavioural interventions are widely used to reduce the burden of negative symptoms. Meta-analytic studies have summarised the evidence for specific approaches but not compared evidence quality and benefit.AimTo review and evaluate the evidence from meta-analytic studies of psychosocial and behavioural interventions for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.MethodA systematic literature search was undertaken to identify all meta-analyses evaluating psychosocial and behavioural interventions reporting on negative symptom outcomes in people with schizophrenia. Data on intervention, study characteristics, acceptability and outcome were extracted. Risk of bias was evaluated. Results were summarised descriptively, and evidence ranked on methodological quality.ResultsIn total, 31 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria evaluating the efficacy of negative symptom interventions on 33 141 participants. Exercise interventions showed effect sizes (reduction in negative symptoms) ranging from −0.59 to −0.24 and psychological interventions ranging from −0.65 to −0.04. Attrition ranged between 12% to 32%. Across the studies considered heterogeneity varied substantially (range 0–100). Most of the reviews were of very low to low methodological quality. Methodological quality ranking suggested that the effect size for cognitive remediation and exercise therapy may be more robust compared with other approaches.ConclusionsMost of the interventions considered had a small-to-moderate effect size, good acceptability levels but very few had negative symptoms as the primary intervention target. To improve the confidence of these effect sizes being replicated in clinical settings future studies should minimise risk of bias.
An Aggressive Plurihormonal Pituitary Adenoma With Thyrotropin, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin Excess
Authors: Goh QingCi , Low YenNee , Abd Rani Nor Haizura Binti , Tong ChinVoon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A 31-year-old gentleman presented with clinical hyperthyroidism, goiter, bitemporal hemianopia, and discordant thyroid function test. The high α-subunit and absence of throtropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation indicated a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor. Elevation in prolactin and growth hormone as well as secondary hypogonadism were also observed. A sellar-suprasellar mass displacing the optic chiasm was revealed upon magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was rendered euthyroid with carbimazole and Lugol's iodine before undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Due to the incomplete tumor excision during surgery, patient experienced recurrence of symptoms and rising thyroxine (T4) with nonsuppressed TSH. The histopathology examination demonstrated a plurihormonal tumor with positive immunohistochemical stain for TSH, growth hormone, and prolactin, with invasive and proliferative features. Subsequently he was initiated with a long-acting somatostatin analogue and underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. To date, his symptoms have improved, with a reduction of insulin-like growth factor 1 and normalization of other pituitary hormones as well as a slightly reduced size of the pituitary tumor.
The Mark of the Detail: Universalism, Type, Difference
Authors: Zhang Dora 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeparting from the premise that novelistic details particularize and locate characters in a sociocultural matrix, this essay examines what happens to the detail in texts that refuse certain norms of specification. The essay focuses on the French writer Anne F. Garréta’s novel Sphinx (1986), which avoids all linguistic markers of gender for its central pair of lovers, and Toni Morrison’s short story “Recitatif” (1983), which never reveals the racial identities of its two protagonists, one of whom is white and one Black. Drawing on Georg Lukács’s discussion of realism and typicality, the essay considers how these unmarked texts mediate between individual and type, as well as their approaches to the representation of difference.
Hybrid Structure Analysis: Accurate and Precise Determination of the Structure Parameters of Mono- and Bimetallic Spinels by Iterative and Alternating Refinements of Powder X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
Authors: Adachi Kiyohiro , Li Ailong , Kong Shuang , Nakamura Ryuhei , Hashizume Daisuke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Structure parameters, such as bond length, bond angle, and occupancy of each atomic site, considerably affect the activity of solid catalysts and the physical properties of electronic and magnetic materials. Precise structure analysis, including accurate estimation of these parameters by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), is very important in the development of materials. Occupancy, however, is highly correlated with atomic displacement parameters, making determining accurate values by PXRD difficult, particularly in cases where atoms with similar atomic numbers share the same site. Here, we present an accurate and precise hybrid structure analysis of two electrocatalysts, spinels Co3O4 and Co2MnO4, combining the advantages of both PXRD and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). More accurate information on the bond length and the distribution of chemical species by XAFS was incorporated into the precise Rietveld refinement of PXRD data. Accurate and precise structure parameters, including occupancy of each atom, were determined using the proposed method, which could be a useful basis for clarifying the mechanism of catalytic reactions.
Eighteen-Month Changes in Physical Activity, Body Weight, Quadriceps Strength, and Gait Biomechanics during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: BRISSON NICHOLAS M. , KRAHL LEONIE A. N. , KRÄMER MARTIN , REICHENBACH JÜRGEN R. , DUDA GEORG N. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions/lockdowns on physical activity levels, body mass, quadriceps strength, and gait biomechanics over 18 months.

Methods
Ten healthy men were assessed at baseline (~14 wk before first lockdown) and 17.9 ± 0.3 months later (<1 wk after second lockdown). At both times, physical activity levels, body mass, and quadriceps strength were acquired using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, a force plate, and a dynamometer, respectively. Gait data were also acquired using a motion capture system and force plates during self-paced walking, from which spatiotemporal parameters, knee angles, and external moments were computed. Baseline and follow-up measurements were compared using two-tailed paired t-tests (α = 0.05).

Results
At follow-up, participants spent less time doing vigorous physical activity (∆ = −76 ± 157 min·wk−1, P = 0.048), exhibited a tendency toward increased sedentary time (∆ = +120 ± 162 min·d−1, P = 0.056), weighed more (∆ = +2.5 ± 2.8 kg, P = 0.021), and showed a trend toward reduced quadriceps strength (∆ = −0.29 ± 0.45 (N·m)·kg−1, P = 0.071) compared with baseline. At follow-up, participants walked slower (∆ = −0.09 ± 0.07 m·s−1, P = 0.005), had greater knee flexion angles at heel strike (∆ = +2.2° ± 1.8°, P = 0.004) and during late stance (∆ = +2.2° ± 1.8°, P = 0.004), had reduced knee extension moments (∆ = −0.09 ± 0.09 (N·m)·kg−1, P = 0.012) and knee internal rotation moments (∆ = −0.02 ± 0.02 (N·m)·kg−1, P = 0.012) during late stance.

Conclusions
Healthy men exhibited reduced physical activity levels, increased body weight, a tendency toward reduced quadriceps strength, and altered gait biomechanics over the initial 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic—alterations that could have far-reaching health consequences.
Increased hepatic interleukin-1, arachidonic acid, and reactive oxygen species mediate the protective potential of peptides shared by gut cysteine peptidases against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice
Authors: Tallima Hatem , El Ridi Rashika 
Published: March 2023

Background
Multiple antigen peptide (MAP) construct of peptide with high homology to Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin B1, MAP-1, and to cathepsins of the L family, MAP-2, consistently induced significant (P < 0.05) reduction in challenge S. mansoni worm burden. It was, however, necessary to modify the vaccine formula to counteract the MAP impact on the parasite egg counts and vitality, and discover the mechanisms underlying the vaccine protective potential.

Methodology
Outbred mice were immunized with MAP-2 in combination with alum and/or MAP-1. Challenge infection was performed three weeks (wks) after the second injection. Blood and liver pieces were obtained on an individual mouse basis, 23 days post-infection (PI), a time of S. mansoni development and feeding in the liver before mating. Serum samples were examined for the levels of circulating antibodies and cytokines. Liver homogenates were used for assessment of liver cytokines, uric acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Parasitological parameters were evaluated 7 wks PI.

Principal findings
Immunization of outbred mice with MAP-2 in combination with alum and/or MAP-1 elicited highly significant (P < 0.005) reduction of around 60% in challenge S. mansoni worm burden and no increase in worm eggs’ loads or vitality, compared to unimmunized or alum pre-treated control mice. Host memory responses to the immunogens are expected to be expressed in the liver stage when worm feeding and cysteine peptidases release start to be active. Serum antibody and cytokine levels were not significantly different between control and vaccinated mouse groups. Highly significant (P < 0.05 - <0.0001) increase in liver interleukin-1, ARA, and ROS content was recorded in MAP-immunized compared to control mice.

Conclusion/Significance
The findings provided an explanation for the gut cysteine peptidases vaccine-mediated reduction in challenge worm burden and increase in egg counts.