bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquid: A Review on Multicomponent Synthesis of Dihydropyrano
[3,2-c] Chromenes
Authors: Tekale Kalpana M. , Katkar Santosh S. , Wahul Diksha B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
The development of efficient and eco-friendly synthetic processes or techniques for the
synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is increasing enormously. Here, an environmentally friendly ionic
liquid is used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of biologically important dihydropyrano [3,2-
c] chromenes. This is because ionic liquids play an important role in green chemistry due to their distinctive
properties, easy handling, non-toxicity, increased reaction selectivity, and low solubility. This
review focuses on dihydropyrano [3,2-c] chromenes synthesis due to their great importance as natural
products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive molecules. The review summarizes the application of ionic
liquids as an effective catalyst for the multicomponent synthesis of dihydropyrano [3,2-c] chromene
derivatives by using aromatic aldehydes, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and malononitrile in a green chemical
manner.
Transition Metal-free α-C-H Functionalization of Tertiary Amines Catalysed/
Promoted by Acids: A Brief Review
Authors: Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
C-H Functionalization of α-carbon of tertiary amines has been of great importance for the
past two decades as N-heterocycles can be synthesized by this approach and these heterocycles are
highly useful as drugs or drug precursors in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review article, we have
summarized only the α-C-H functionalization reactions of tertiary amines that are catalysed or promoted
by acids. These C-H functionalization reactions are usually catalysed by transition metal salts,
although metal-free catalysts are also used. However, several such reactions have been reported that
are efficiently catalysed by acids. They are cost-effective, have a simple purification process, less sensitive
to air/moisture, and are relatively environmentally benign. However, this area has not received
enough focus due to the lack of review articles, which encouraged us to write this review.
Postbiotic Bioactive Packaging Systems: A Review
Authors: Soleimani Roya Abedi , Shokouhian Seyed Mohamad Javad , Houshyar Jalil , Khani Nader , Abachi Soheila , Milani Payam Gonbari , Panahi Elnaz , Homayouni-Rad Aziz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
A bioactive containing packaging system is not only a traditional protective structure
for a food product but also offers additional health-benefiting properties. Postbiotics (nonbiotics)
are metabolites produced by probiotic microorganisms that have numerous health benefits. The
safety and non-toxicity of postbiotics and their capability to prevent the growth of food spoilage
microbes are the significant features of postbiotics (cell-free supernatants) in using these components
in food manufacturing. In this comprehensive review, authors discuss the characteristics of
postbiotics, different types and sources of postbiotics, their application in active packaging and
the possibilities of their application in increasing the shelf-life of products with active packaging.
Bioactive Compounds of Mustard, its Role in Consumer Health and in the
Development of Potential Functional Foods
Authors: Poyil Theertha , Rasane Prasad , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Kaur Jaspreet , Gunjal Mahendra , Avinashe Harshal , Dubey Nidhi , Mahato Dipendra Singh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Mustard (Brassica spp.) is an annual oilseed crop that is widely cultivated in Asia and
Europe for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It is a rich source of valuable nutritive and
non-nutritive bioactive compounds which have gained importance for their pharmacological activities
in recent years owing to increased attention towards achieving sustainable development
goal of good health and wellbeing. The presence of traditional antinutrient factors like glucosinolates
sustainable source of affordable nutraceuticals. The major bioactive components in mustard
are glucosinolates (sinigrin and sinalbin) and its sulphur-rich degradation products (isothiocyanates),
phenolic compounds, phytic acid and various phytosterols. These compounds possess
specific activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, antiobesity
as well as anti-depressant activity. Nutraceutical products like food supplements can be
formulated by extracting these compounds which possess desirable properties and thus allow
maximum use of the plant.
Enhancing Exposure Treatment for Youths With Chronic Pain: Co-design and Qualitative Approach
Authors: Schemer Lea , Hess Courtney W , Van Orden Amanda R , Birnie Kathryn A , Harrison Lauren E , Glombiewski Julia A , Simons Laura E 
Published: March 2023

Background
Increasing the access to and improving the impact of pain treatments is of utmost importance, especially among youths with chronic pain. The engagement of patients as research partners (in contrast to research participants) provides valuable expertise to collaboratively improve treatment delivery.

Objective
This study looked at a multidisciplinary exposure treatment for youths with chronic pain through the lens of patients and caregivers with the aim to explore and validate treatment change processes, prioritize and develop ideas for improvement, and identify particularly helpful treatment elements.

Methods
Qualitative exit interviews were conducted with patients and caregivers at their discharge from 2 clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01974791 and NCT03699007). Six independent co-design meetings were held with patients and caregivers as research partners to establish a consensus within and between groups. The results were validated in a wrap-up meeting.

Results
Patients and caregivers described that exposure treatment helped them better process pain-related emotions, feel empowered, and improve their relationship with each other. The research partners developed and agreed upon 12 ideas for improvement. Major recommendations include that pain exposure treatment should be disseminated more not only among patients and caregivers but also among primary care providers and the general public to facilitate an early referral for treatment. Exposure treatment should allow flexibility in terms of duration, frequency, and delivery mode. The research partners prioritized 13 helpful treatment elements. Most of the research partners agreed that future exposure treatments should continue to empower patients to choose meaningful exposure activities, break long-term goals into smaller steps, and discuss realistic expectations at discharge.

Conclusions
The results of this study have the potential to contribute to the refinement of pain treatments more broadly. At their core, they suggest that pain treatments should be disseminated more, flexible, and transparent.
Triggering Weight Management Using Digital Avatars: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jiwa Moyez , Nyanhanda Tafadzwa , Dodson Michael 
Published: March 2023

Background
There is evidence that showing motivated people with a less-than-ideal BMI (>25 kg/m2) digital and personalized images of their future selves with reduced body weight will likely trigger them to achieve that new body weight.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to assess whether digital avatars can trigger weight management action and identify some of the measurable factors that distinguish those who may be triggered.

Methods
A prospective cohort study followed participants for 12 weeks through 5 recorded interviews. Participants were screened for suitability for the study using the Cosmetic Procedure Screening Questionnaire as a measure of body dysmorphia. At interview 1, participants were shown 10 images from a “Food-pics” database and invited to estimate their calorie value. The intervention, the FutureMe app, delivered at interview 2, provided each participant an opportunity to see and take away a soft copy of an avatar of themselves as they might appear in the future depending on their calorie consumption and exercise regimen. Participants completed the readiness for change (S-Weight) survey based on Prochaska Stages of Change Model and the processes of change (P-Weight) survey. Any changes in diet, exercise, or weight were self-reported.

Results
A total of 87 participants were recruited, and 42 participants completed the study (48% of recruited participants). Body dysmorphia was a rare but possible risk to participation. The majority (88.5%) of the participants were female and older than 40 years. The average BMI was 34.1 (SD 4.8). Most people wanted to reduce to a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or lose on average 10.5 kg within 13 weeks (–0.8 kg per week). Most participants stated that they would achieve these results by limiting their calorie intake to 1500 calories per day and taking the equivalent of 1 hour of bicycling per day. At interview 1, more participants were in the preparation stage of behavior change than in subsequent interviews. By interview 5, most of the participants were at the maintenance stage. Participants who overestimated the recommended number of calories were more likely to be in the contemplation stage (P=.03).

Conclusions
Volunteers who participated in the study were mainly women older than 40 years and beyond the contemplation stage of change for weight management, and those who took weight management action were demonstrated to have a more accurate idea of the calorie content of different foods. Most participants set ambitious targets for weight loss, but few, if any, achieve these goals. However, most people who completed this study were actively taking action to manage their weight.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001481167; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378055&isReview=true
Effectiveness of Combined Health Coaching and Self-Monitoring Apps on Weight-Related Outcomes in People With Overweight and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Rajasegaran Nagadarshini Nicole , Chin Yip Han , Chew W S Nicholas , Kim Kyung Mi 
Published: March 2023

Background
Self-monitoring smartphone apps and health coaching have both individually been shown to improve weight-related outcomes, but their combined effects remain unclear.

Objective
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of combining self-monitoring apps with health coaching on anthropometric, cardiometabolic, and lifestyle outcomes in people with overweight and obesity.

Methods
Relevant articles published from inception till June 9, 2022, were searched through 8 databases (Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science). Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models. Behavioral strategies used were coded using the behavior change techniques taxonomy V1.

Results
A total of 14 articles were included, representing 2478 participants with a mean age of 39.1 years and a BMI of 31.8 kg/m2. Using combined intervention significantly improved weight loss by 2.15 kg (95% CI −3.17 kg to −1.12 kg; P<.001; I2=60.3%), waist circumference by 2.48 cm (95% CI −3.51 cm to −1.44 cm; P<.001; I2=29%), triglyceride by 0.22 mg/dL (95% CI −0.33 mg/dL to 0.11 mg/dL; P=.008; I2=0%), glycated hemoglobin by 0.12% (95% CI −0.21 to −0.02; P=.03; I2=0%), and total calorie consumption per day by 128.30 kcal (95% CI −182.67 kcal to −73.94 kcal; P=.003; I2=0%) kcal, but not BMI, blood pressure, body fat percentage, cholesterol, and physical activity. Combined interventional effectiveness was superior to receiving usual care and apps for waist circumference but only superior to usual care for weight loss.

Conclusions
Combined intervention could improve weight-related outcomes, but more research is needed to examine its added benefits to using an app.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022345133; https://tinyurl.com/2zxfdpay
Assessing The National Human Rights Commission's (Komnas Ham) Independence In Indonesia's Statement System
Authors: Ashar Hasanuddin  
Published: March 2023

The National Human Rights Commission (Komnas HAM) is an independent, national state commission tasked with the responsibility of conducting human rights studies, research, counseling, investigations, monitoring, and mediation. The purpose of this study is to ascertain Komnas HAM's status and role within the Indonesian Constitutional System, as well as its accountability within the Indonesian Constitutional System. According to the nature of the inquiry, this is a library research on the subject of Komnas HAM. The syar'i theological approach was applied in the investigation. The findings of this study reveal that Komnas HAM has a distinct status and function within the Indonesian constitutional system; Komnas HAM's job is to strengthen human rights protection and enforcement. The research's implications are to emphasize Komnas HAM's constitutional status in Indonesia and to realize human rights enforcement through Komnas HAM's partnership with the community.
Keywords: Komnas HAM; Siyasah Syar’iyyah; Wazir al-tawfid
Observing The Judicial Commission’s Role In Enhancing Judicial Capacity And Integrity
Authors: Nurul Faizah Muhrim  
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the Judicial Commission's urgency in developing the capacity and integrity of judges in Makassar, as well as the mechanism for carrying out the Judicial Commission's duties in developing the capacity and integrity of judges from a siyasa syar'iyyah perspective. The research method used is descriptive qualitative field research. By adopting a syar'i normative perspective. The study's findings underscore the Judicial Commission's urgency in building the capacity and integrity of Makassar's judges through a training program on the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct for Judges. The mechanism for carrying out the judicial commission's mandate of enhancing judges' capacity and integrity includes conducting training to improve KEPPH for judges with a tenure of 0–8 years, as well as the meaning of KEPPH for judges with a tenure of 8–15 years. In an Islamic state, the Judicial Commission serves as a supervisory agency for judges. It is headed by Qadhi al-Qudhat. This such, the Judicial Commission adheres to Islam's principle of being a supervisory entity in order to promote good behaviors and avert evil ones. The implication of this research is to strengthen the capacity and integrity of judges through the Judicial Commission's frequent implementation of judge training programs.
Keywords: Judicial Commission; Judges; Siyasah Syar’iyyah
Kedudukan Partai Oposisi terhadap Keberlangsungan Demokrasi dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia
Authors: Abdul Kadir Lafuil  , Kusnadi Umar  
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran partai oposisi terhadap keberlangsungan demokrasi dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia, dan implikasi partai oposisi terhadap keberlangsungan demokrasi dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan syar’i. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan tiga tahapan, yaitu : reduksi data, display data dan editing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan partai oposisi terhadap keberlangsungan demokrasi dalam sistem pemerintahan Indonesia menjadi pengaruh besar, karena memberikan stabilitas yang kondusif terhadap jalannya sistem demokrasi Indonesia. Keberadaan partai oposisi dapat memberikan check and balances terhadap pemerintah, sehingga setiap kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dapat dikontrol dan dikritisi oleh partai yang berada diluar pemerintahan dengan bertujuan untuk mengimbangi antara kebijakan pemerintah dan kebutuhan rakyat itu sendiri. Sebab, partai koalisi yang berada di parlemen tidak maksimal dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya secara baik. Dengan demikian, keberlangsungan demokrasi dalam sistem presidesial Indonesia, partai oposisi menjadi alternatif utama dalam menjalankan prinsip check and balances. Terdapat dalam perspektif siyasah syar’iyyah, suatu kebijakan harus bermanfaat dengan mengedepankan kemaslahatan bersama, dan tidak diperuntukkan kepada sekelompok orang. Al-Qur’an dan hadis memerintahkan kepada setiap orang untuk berbuat adil dan jujur dalam menyampaikan amanat.
Kata Kunci: Demokrasi; Partai oposisi; Sistem
Peran Whistleblower Dalam Menyingkap Kejahatan
Authors: M. Chaerul Risal  
Published: March 2023

Persoalan whistleblower merupakan persoalan yang menarik sekaligus pelik dalam konsepsi dan dimensi legalisasi. Perlu keseriusan aparat dalam melindungi para whistleblower terhadap ancaman yang membahayakan dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui eksistensi pengaturan whistleblower dalam hukum di indonesia dan sejauh mana peranan serta perlindungan yang diberikan kepada whistleblower. Penelitian yang digunakan termasuk penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan whistlelower secara tekstual dan eksplisit diatur dalam Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung (SEMA) Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006. Selain itu, beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan juga mengatur mengenai pelapor secara khusus, seperti Pelapor Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Pelanggaran HAM Berat, Pencucian Uang, Narkotika, dan Terorisme. Dalam konteks Perlindungan bagi whistleblower merupakan hal yang essensial untuk membuktikan kebenaran suatu peristiwa pidana. Perlindungan yang diberikan tidak hanya terbatas pada kerahasiaan identitas, melainkan juga mendapat tempat yang aman (safe house), pelayanan atau pendampingan psikologis, penjaminan akses komunikasi, penanggungan biaya hidup selama masa perlindungan, mendapat keringanan hukuman bagi pengungkap fakta yang terlibat, perlindungan terhadap pemecatan yang tidak adil, penurunan jabatan atau pangkat, pelecehan atau diskriminasi dalam segala bentuknya.
Kata Kunci: Eksistensi; Perlindungan Hukum; Whistleblower
Handling and restraint induce a significant increase in plasma corticosterone in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Parks Shelby N. , Tully Thomas N. , Settle Aspen L. , Lattin Christine R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To measure baseline plasma corticosterone levels in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) and assess the effects of handling and restraint on corticosterone levels over 1 hour, reflective of what parrots might experience during veterinary care.

ANIMALS
10 male and 12 female Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.

PROCEDURES
Each parrot was removed from its cage and wrapped in a towel for restraint similar to that performed in a clinical setting. An initial baseline blood sample was collected in < 3 minutes upon entrance into the parrot room, after which blood samples were taken every 15 minutes for 1 hour (a total of 5 blood samples). An enzyme-linked immunoassay was validated for Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and used to determine concentrations of plasma corticosterone.

RESULTS
On average, parrots showed a significant increase in corticosterone between baseline samples and all subsequent postrestraint time points (average baseline corticosterone ± SD: 0.51 ± 0.65 ng/mL). Females, on average, displayed significantly higher corticosterone levels than males after 30, 45, and 60 minutes of restraint (P = .016, P = .0099, and P = .015, respectively). Birds with feather-destructive behavior did not have significantly higher corticosterone levels than birds without the condition (P = .38).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Understanding the physiological stress response in companion psittacine birds during routine handling will allow clinicians to better evaluate how this may affect the patient’s condition and diagnostic test results. Assessing how corticosterone correlates to behavioral conditions such as feather-destructive behavior will provide clinicians with the potential to develop treatment options.
Assessment of tuberculosis biomarkers in paratuberculosis-infected cattle
Authors: Klepp Laura I. , Colombatti María A. , Moyano Roberto D. , Romano María I. , Malovrh Tadej , Ocepek Matjaž , Blanco Federico C. , Bigi Fabiana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction

Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, respectively the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and bovine paratuberculosis (PTB), share a high number of antigenic proteins. This characteristics makes the differential diagnosis of the diseases difficult. The interferon gamma (IFN-γ), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), interleukin 22 (IL-22) and thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) bovine genes have already been shown to be accurate transcriptional biomarkers of bTB. In order to improve the diagnosis of bTB and PTB, in the present study we evaluated the risk of false positivity of these bTB biomarkers in cattle with PTB.

Material and Methods
The transcription of these genes was studied in 13 PTB-infected cattle, using Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Results
Overall, the levels of IFN-γ, CXCL10, MMP9 and IL-22 transcripts in MAP-stimulated PBMC failed to differentiate animals with PTB from healthy animals. However, as bTB-afflicted cattle do, the MAP-infected group also displayed a lower level of THBS1 transcription than the non-infected animals.

Conclusion
The results of this study add new specificity attributes to the levels of transcription of IFN-γ, CXCL10, MMP9 and IL-22 as biomarkers for bTB.
Outpatient Care Aspects of Rheumatic Patients in Latvia: Real Life Data in the Context of the First Month of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zepa Jūlija , Lavrentjevs Vladimirs , Miķēna Santa , Arājs Jānis , Zavgorodnaja Tamāra , Sikora Evita , Ābelīte Sarmīte , Diura Renāte , Balčune Ineta , Ivanova Kristīne , Rubīns Pauls , Trapiņa Ilva , Andersone Daina , Buliņa Inita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the rheumatic disease profile and treatment aspects of the patients consulted in the outpatient department of Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 March 13 till April 14. A total of 457 (76.04%) remote and 144 (23.96%) face-to-face consultations were analysed, totalling 601 patients: 434 (72.21%) females and 167 (27.79%) males with mean age 51.40 ± 14.73 years. Rheumatoid arthritis (223 (37.10%)), psoriatic arthritis (93 (15.47%)) and ankylosing spondylitis (80 (13.31%)) were the most frequently consulted conditions. Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or immunosuppressants (IS) were taken by 515 (85.69%) patients. These included synthetic DMARD (242 (46.99%)), mainly methotrexate; and biologic DMARD (156 (30.29%)), mainly tumour necrosis factor inhibitor. More than one-half of the cohort (427 (71.05%)) was not taking a glucocorticoid (GC). NSAIDs were used in 391 (65.08%) patients, mainly on demand (354 (90.54%)). Most patients (401 (66.72%)) had no comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, malignancy and/or chronic respiratory disease). The profile of patients consulted in the outpatient department consisted mainly of middle-age females with autoimmune inflammatory arthritis treated by DMARD. Most of the patients did not use GCs, they did not regularly use NSAIDs and did not have comorbidities. Telemedicine is an acceptable way of care delivery for chronic rheumatic patients with previously known disease and treatment, especially during a pandemic.