bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Atractylodes lancea on Cardio-Renal Function in High-Fat-High-Fructose Diet Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rats
Authors: Yang Yun Jeong , Jang Youn Jae , Kim Hye Yoom , Kim Yong Hee , Lee Ho Sub , Kang Dae Gill 
Published: May 2023

CRS (Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome) refers to a series of entangled metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease and heart failure, and is associated with obesity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Atractylodes lancea (AL) is the rhizome of Atractylodes. AL has been found to have diuretic, sedation, antibacterial, anticancer effects. Therefore, in this study, confirmed the effect of AL on improving cardiovascular and kidney function in the metabolic syndrome model. In this experiment, HFHFr were provided to rats for 8 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome, and the OMT (10 mg/kg/day) or AL (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) were administered orally for 8 weeks with HFHFr for 8 weeks to confirm its efficacy. Therefore, a total of 16 weeks of experiments were conducted. To compare Cont with HFHFr, MS categorys were measured. As a result, AL confirmed that HFHr decreased BW, fasting glucose, TG, and abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure, and increased HDL-C. As a result of measuring insulin and performing OGTT to confirm insulin resistance, which is a major symptom of MS, AAL ameliorates increased insulin levels, and AAL2 significantly decreased blood glucose levels over time. As a result of confirming echocardiography for cardiac function diagnosis, ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) levels were lower in metabolic syndrome than in the control group and significantly improved in the AAL administration group. Staining to confirm the effect of the heart on fibrosis confirmed that collagen accumulation and fibrosis were increased in HFHFr, and improved by AAL compared to the control group. Therefore, these findings suggest that AL improves obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure caused by metabolic syndrome, and has a protective effect on heart function decline and fibrosis of the heart and blood vessels. This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (2017R1A5A2015805) (2021R1C1C2095327). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Impact of intravenous propofol and volatile sevoflurane anesthesia on renal function in an experimental pig model of hemorrhage-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Franzén Stephanie , Frithiof Robert 
Published: May 2023

Volatile anesthesia has recently been associated with an independent stimulatory effect on the renal sympathetic nervous system, which causes a reduction in renal blood flow (RBF) and renal excretory function. This anesthetic modality could therefore be a significant contributor to renal injury in the surgical setting. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of anesthetic modality on renal function in an experimental pig model and hypothesized that volatile anesthesia aggravates renal recovery after hemorrhage and resuscitation.Pigs (30±2 kg, 1:1 male-female) were anesthetized with either propofol-fentanyl (P) or sevoflurane-fentanyl (S) and surgically prepared. Renal function and hemodynamics were monitored during a baseline period, a 30-min hemorrhage period, and after 1h recovery after fluid resuscitation with the lost volume (1:1 blood-Ringers Acetate).During baseline, RBF and oxygen delivery (DO2) was significantly lower in the pigs with sevoflurane than propofol anesthesia (RBF P: 191±40 vs S: 130±30 ml min-1, p<0.001; DO2 P: 31±5 vs S: 15±3 ml min-1, p<0.001). Renal vascular resistance (RVR) was also higher in the sevoflurane anesthetized pigs during baseline (P: 0.2±0.05 vs S: 0.5±0.1, p=0.002). There was no statistically different effect of hemorrhage on renal function or hemodynamics between the two anesthetic modalities. Moreover, hemorrhage did not significantly reduce diuresis (P: decreased by 0.7±0.4 ml min-1, p=0.08; S: decreased by 0.4±0.4 ml min-1, p=0.38). After resuscitation, both groups recovered similarly regarding hemodynamics and renal function however, creatinine clearance was still significantly decreased in the sevoflurane group compared with baseline (decreased by 37±31 ml min-1, p=0.02) but recovered in the propofol group. Regarding renal excretory function, no significant differences between the anesthetic modalities were revealed during the experimental protocol.Sevoflurane anesthesia reduced RBF and DO2 and increased RVR. After hemorrhage and resuscitation, creatinine clearance was significantly lower than before the hemorrhage in the sevoflurane group. Even though this reduction in renal perfusion is in alignment with an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity, no significant impact of anesthetic modality was seen on renal excretory function. However, sevoflurane anesthesia still has an effect on RBF and creatinine clearance. The choice of anesthesia could therefore effect the incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with higher susceptibility for acute kidney injury. Funding sources: Magnus Bergvall Foundation (2017-02295) and Swedish Research Council (2014-02569 and 2014-07606). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Linkage of NAFLD with diabetes complications
Authors: Shamansurova Zulaykho , Saatov Talat , Rakhmonova Gulzor , Khasanova Gulhayo , Abdiev Ilkhom , Aikhodjaeva Mokhira , Maksutova Nigora 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: People with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) have high risk and frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Altered liver function reflected on glycemia level and increased risk of diabetes complications. The aims of our study were try to find relationship between NAFLD, glycemic control, type of treatment and frequency of diabetes complications. Material and methods: 62 people with DM2 admitted in hospital of Republican Specialised Scientific Practical Medical Centre of Endocrinology named after acad. Y.KH. Turakulov, were observed. 32 men and 30 women among them with average age 58.9±0.58 years old and average DM2 duration was 9±2.3 years. In all observed people Body mass index (BMI), total blood count, urine check, glycemia, HbA1c, AlT, AsT, total cholesterol, triglycerides and liver ultrasound were assessed. Liver fibrosis score were calculated according to Fib4 formula. Results: NAFLD were determined in 45.8%, almost half among observed DM2 patients. There were significant differences in BMI (P<0,05), total blood platelets count (P<0,01), HbA1c (P<0,05), blood fibrinogen (P<0,05), triglycerides level (P<0,05) in DM2 with and without NAFLD. Interestingly blood platelets count were found significantly lower in NAFLD group(P<0,001) and Fib4 score were 1.5 times higher (P<0,05) in DM2 group with NAFLD. Analysis of frequency of DM2 complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), nephropathy (DN), neuropathy (DPNP) showed more severe stages in NAFLD group. Particularly, DN with proteinuria were detected in 62% with NAFLD and in 35% without; severe DR2 and DR3 were registered in 69% with NAFLD and in 33% without, severe DPNP were diagnosed in 81% with NAFLD and in 74% without NAFLD. Conclusion: NAFLD are frequent future in DM2 and were detected in 45.8% patients, characterized with greater BMI, higher HbA1c, blood fibrinogen and lower platelets number in total blood count and 1.5 times higher Fib4 score. NAFLD associated with more severe stages of diabetes complications and have a great impact on diabetes complication development. no funding This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Differential impacts of pregnancy and lactation on maternal calcium homeostasis: a mathematical modeling analysis
Authors: Stadt Melissa , Alexander Todd , Layton Anita 
Published: May 2023

The maternal physiological adaptations during pregnancy and lactation impact almost all tissues and organs, including those involved in calcium homeostasis. Despite having a similar additional calcium demand, maternal adaptations in pregnancy and lactation are different. During pregnancy, the mother’s body increases intestinal absorption of calcium. However, during lactation, intestinal absorption returns to normal levels and the calcium needs of breastmilk are met by increased bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption. Existing mathematical models of calcium homeostasis do not consider these unique physiological states. Given this observation, the goal of this project is to develop the first pregnancy- and lactation-specific mathematical models of calcium regulation. The resulting models represent how a female body adapts to support the excess demands brought on by pregnancy and lactation. Our computational models reveal how both differential adaptations support calcium delivery to the fetus and breastmilk while maintaining normal calcium ranges in the maternal body. This work is supported by the Canada 150 Research Chair program and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Seasonal Tanning-Induced Increases in Skin Pigmentation Do Not Affect Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation of the Cutaneous Microvasculature
Authors: Fisher Kat , Kenney W. Larry , Wolf S. Tony 
Published: May 2023

Acute ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure reduces nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cutaneous vasodilation. Additionally, increased constitutive skin melanin concentrations are associated with reduced NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation. However, the impact of seasonal tanning-induced increases in skin melanin concentration on NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation has not been investigated. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of seasonal tanning-induced increases in skin melanin on the NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation response to local heating. We hypothesized that NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation would be reduced in tanned skin relative to untanned skin. METHODS: Three intradermal microdialysis fibers were placed in the ventral upper arm (least sun exposed), ventral forearm (moderately sun exposed), and dorsal forearm (most sun exposed) of seven adults (33 ± 14 yrs; 4M/3F) with light-to-moderate constitutive skin pigmentation. Differences in sun exposure among the sites was confirmed using the melanin-index (M-index; an index of skin pigmentation), measured via skin reflectance spectrophotometry. Lactated Ringer’s solution was perfused through the microdialysis fibers while local heating to 42°C induced cutaneous vasodilation. After attaining a stable plateau in cutaneous blood flow, 15mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor) was perfused at all sites to quantify NO-mediated vasodilation. Red cell flux was measured using laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC=LDF/mean arterial pressure) was calculated for each phase of the local heating response (i.e., baseline, initial peak, local heating plateau, post L-NAME plateau) and expressed as percent maximum (%CVCmax; 28mM sodium nitroprusside + 43°C local heating). RESULTS: M-index was highest (i.e., skin pigmentation was darkest) in the dorsal forearm (50.5 ± 11.8 a.u.) compared to the ventral forearm (37.5 ± 7.4 a.u.; p ≤ 0.03) and upper arm (30.2 ± 5.1 a.u.; p ≤ 0.001). There were no baseline (p ≥ 0.37), initial peak (p ≥ 0.22), post L-NAME plateau (p ≥ 0.12), or maximal CVC (p ≥ 0.23) differences among the three sites. Likewise, the magnitude of the local heating plateau was not different among the three sites (dorsal: 88±17%; ventral: 81±20%; upper: 90±12%; p ≥ 0.16), nor was NO-mediated vasodilation (dorsal: 59±15%; ventral: 54±13%; upper: 55±11.0%; p ≥ 0.79). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that, in contrast to the effects of acute UVR exposure or a constitutively dark skin pigmentation, seasonal tanning-induced increases in skin pigmentation do not alter NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation responses to local heating. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Chronic Electronic Cigarette Users Exhibit Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Associated Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Simovic Tijana , Matheson Chloe , Cobb Kolton , Heefner Allison , Thode Christopher , Billingsley Hayley , Salmons Hannah , Ahmed Syed Imran , Carbone Salvatore , Garten Ryan , Breland Alison , Cobb Caroline , Nana-Sinkam Patrick , Rodriguez-Miguelez Paula 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are popular tobacco products that are currently advertised as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. Preliminary data, primarily from animal studies, suggests that e-cigs are associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a marker of cardiovascular (CV) health and a predictor of CV mortality, which is diminished in traditional tobacco users. However, the effect of chronic e-cigs usage on cardiorespiratory fitness and associated CVD risk in otherwise healthy individuals without established CVD or CVD risk factor, is currently unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic e-cig use on cardiorespiratory fitness and CVD risk in healthy young adults. METHODS: Ten chronic e-cig users (ECU, 4 males and 6 females; age: 24±3 yr; e-cigs usage 3±1.5 yr.) and ten demographical matched, never users (NU, 4 males and 6 females; age: 22.7±2 yr.) participated in this study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) via a respiratory gas exchange analyzer during a cardiopulmonary exercise test. CVD risk was calculated using Framingham’s 30-year CVD risk score accounting for 8 risk factors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension treatment, and smoking status). RESULTS: Chronic e-cig users exhibited significantly lower VO2peak (ECU vs. NU; 30.9±4.9 vs. 37.8±6.4 ml/kg/min; p=0.015) and percent predicted (ECU vs. NU; 85.9±16 vs. 105.4±14 % predicted; p=0.001) when compared to never users. Framingham’s 30-year CVD risk score was significantly higher in ECU than in NU (7.7± 4.8, vs. 2.7±0.8 %; p=0.017). Furthermore, an inverse association was identified between VO2peak and 30-year CVD risk ( r=-0.720; p= 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we have identified significantly reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, a marker of CV health and mortality risk, in chronic e-cig users when compared to never users. In addition, chronic e-cig users exhibit higher CVD risk scores. Results from our study imply a negative effect of chronic e-cig use on CV health in otherwise young, apparently healthy adults. Future studies are warranted to investigate the long-term effects of e-cig use on CV health. Supported in part by a Rapid Response Project NIDA/FDA (PRM). Supported in part by a Rapid Response Project NIDA/FDA (PRM). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
MiR-433-3p Inhibition Alleviates Increased Endothelial Cell Permeability in Diabetes
Authors: Kovacs-Kasa Anita , Walker Samantha , Koseoglu Murat , Brian Annex 
Published: May 2023

Hypothesis: miR-433-3p is a potential therapeutic target to reduce the excess endothelial permeability seen in peripheral skeletal muscle of diabetes. Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a complication of systemic atherosclerosis that results from occlusions in the large arteries of the leg(s). Though best known as a large vessel disease, patients with PAD also have microvascular disease including excess vascular permeability. Patients with diabetes have an increased risk to develop PAD and more severe symptoms compared to nondiabetic patients with PAD patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression by targeting mRNA post-transcriptionally. Methods: Age-, sex-, and risk factor-controlled plasma samples were selected from a PAD biobank. Plasma samples from non-PAD controls, patients with intermittent claudication (IC), or with critical limb ischemia (CLI), with or without diabetes, were selected and miR-433-3p expression was assessed by RT-qPCR. MiR-433-3p expression was analyzed in human ECs after high glucose (HG) (25 mM) or osmolar control (25 mM Mannitol) treatment under normoxia or hypoxia-serum starvation. ECs were also treated with miR-433 inhibitor or negative control. Endothelial vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and cell viability/survival were tested. Vascular permeability by Evans Blue Dye (EBD) was measured in High Fat Diet (HFD) mice versus C57BL/6 mice treated with 100 μM hind-limb, intramuscular injections of miR-433-3p inhibitor, or scramble. Results: Plasma levels of miR-433-3p were elevated in CLI patients with diabetes. In human ECs, miR-433-3p expression was also elevated after high glucose treatment. Endothelial barrier function was impaired after HG, which was restored by miR-433 inhibition. Similarly, miR-433-3p inhibitor improved angiogenesis and cell survival after HG treatment in ECs. HFD mice demonstrated an increased vascular permeability compared to C57BL/6 mice which was attenuated by miR-433-3p inhibition. Conclusion: These data suggest miR-433-3p’s effect on vascular permeability which may contribute to the very poor clinical course seen in PAD and DM. Improved EC permeability with miR-433-3p inhibition may improve skeletal muscle perfusion and create a novel approach for patients with PAD, diabetes, or both. NIH 5R01HL150003-03 (BHA) and AHA CDA932159 (AK) This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Exosomes mediate immune activation post-myocardial infarction
Authors: Dasari Siddarth , Asalla Suman , Kumar Vinay , Bansal Shyam 
Published: May 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic heart failure (HF) are associated with immune activation in the bone-marrow and the lymphoid tissues. Our studies also show that spleens lose 58% of their weight by 1-day post-MI as compared to sham-operation. Flow cytometric analysis further showed that, as compared to sham-operated mice, spleens of 1d post-MI mice contained 2-3-fold lower numbers of leukocytes (16.9X106 vs. 47.7X106), CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs; 0.22X106 vs. 0.56X106), Ly6G+ neutrophils (0.45X106 vs. 1.08X106), CD11b+ myeloid cells (1.2X106 vs. 2.8X106), and Ly6C+ monocytes (0.4X106 vs. 1.0X106). Activation of antigen-presenting innate immune cells would also suggest activation of adaptive immune responses. Thus, using flow cytometry we also measured CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the spleens of 1d MI and sham mice and found that both of these cell types (2.2X106 vs. 5.7X106 for CD4+ T-cells and 1.5X106 vs. 3.8X106 for CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells) were also decreased. These data suggest that damage-associated signals from the infarcted heart are communicated to the splenic innate and adaptive immune cells leading to their efflux and trafficking to the heart. However, the communication vehicles that relay these damage-associated signals from the heart to the spleen are unknown. We further hypothesized that these signals are carried by the exosomes, small (100-200 nm) extracellular vesicles released by all cells. To test our hypothesis, we isolated exosomes from the plasma of 1d MI and sham mice, injected them into the tail-veins of naïve mice and using echocardiography measured their cardiac function at 8 weeks post-injection to assess if they developed HF-like systolic dysfunction. We found that, at 8 weeks, mice injected with 1d MI exosomes developed significant systolic dysfunction with increased end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, and decreased ejection fraction. These changes were not seen in mice injected with 1d sham exosomes. Further, using flow cytometry we also measured different splenic immune cells in the recipient mice. Our data show that spleens of mice injected with 1d MI exosomes, as compared to 1d sham exosomes, contained higher numbers of activated immune cells and showed increased levels of proinflammatory monocytes (without any changes in anti-inflammatory monocytes), CD11c+ conventional and monocyte-derived DCs and helper T-cell subsets such as T-regs, Th1, Th2, Th17. Our results suggest that exosomal signals could be a novel potential mechanism by which cardiac injury is communicated to the lymphoid tissues to affect immune cell recruitment following MI. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants to. Dr Shyam S. Bansal (R00 HL132123 and R01 HL153164). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.