bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debtor-in-Possession Financing in Reorganisation Procedures: Regulatory Models and Proposals for Reform
Authors: Gurrea-Martinez Aurelio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA situation of insolvency hinders a firm’s ability to obtain external finance. As a result, viable but financially distressed firms might be unable to keep operating and pursuing value-creating investment projects. Consequently, value can be destroyed for debtors, creditors, employees, suppliers and society as a whole. To address this problem, several jurisdictions around the world have adopted a system of rescue or debtor-in-possession (‘DIP’) financing that seeks to encourage lenders to extend credit to viable but financially distressed firms. They do so by providing DIP lenders with different forms of priority that typically range from a basic administrative expense priority to the possibility of becoming a junior or, in some jurisdictions, even a senior secured creditor. After analysing the regulatory framework of DIP financing in more than 30 jurisdictions in Asia, Latin America, Europe, Africa and North America, this article shows that there are many similarities in the regulation of DIP financing around the world. Yet, there are also significant divergences, especially when it comes to the type of priority that DIP lenders can obtain as well as the system for the approval of DIP financing. The article concludes by examining the risks and costs potentially created by a DIP financing regime. It also discusses whether, and if so how, countries should adopt DIP financing provisions taking into account their legal, economic and institutional environment.
Beltrami fields exhibit knots and chaos almost surely
Authors: Enciso Alberto , Peralta-Salas Daniel , Romaniega Álvaro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we show that, with probability

$1$

, a random Beltrami field exhibits chaotic regions that coexist with invariant tori of complicated topologies. The motivation to consider this question, which arises in the study of stationary Euler flows in dimension 3, is V.I. Arnold’s 1965 speculation that a typical Beltrami field exhibits the same complexity as the restriction to an energy hypersurface of a generic Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom. The proof hinges on the obtention of asymptotic bounds for the number of horseshoes, zeros and knotted invariant tori and periodic trajectories that a Gaussian random Beltrami field exhibits, which we obtain through a nontrivial extension of the Nazarov–Sodin theory for Gaussian random monochromatic waves and the application of different tools from the theory of dynamical systems, including Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) theory, Melnikov analysis and hyperbolicity. Our results hold both in the case of Beltrami fields on

${\mathbb {R}}^3$

and of high-frequency Beltrami fields on the 3-torus.
‘I can still drive a car.’ Self-presentation in later life and the symbolic value of driving
Authors: Róin Tóra , Petersen Maria Skaalum , Róin Ása 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis qualitative study draws attention to the symbolic value of driving or having a valid driver’s licence among older adults as part of their impression management. While several studies have focused on driving behaviour, safety, risk factors and not least the consequences of driving cessation, the present study from the Faroe Islands contributes to the body of knowledge concerning older adults and driving by bringing an impression management lens to this issue. Social constructionism formed both the theoretical and methodological approach and data came from interviews with three couples and eight individuals in their eighties. All the male participants still had their driver’s licence and were active drivers except for one. Among the women, four had driver’s licences and three were active drivers. Our findings point to the necessity of understanding the reluctance to give up driving as being not only related to quality of life, mobility and independence, but also being highly related to preserving one’s identity as a competent and ‘not that old’ person. Contrary to common prejudices against older drivers, the findings also showed that these participants reported self-regulation adjustments to continue driving safely. The study indicates a need to support older drivers to continue driving if they wish to do so. It is not only a question of mobility or being independent, but also related to preserving one’s social identity in later life.
Seed anatomy and dormancy class of 14 species from the Andean montane forests of Colombia
Authors: Rojas-Villa Jose M. , Quijano-Abril Mario A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeed dormancy is a key trait used around the world to help understand the ecological dynamics of plant species, however, in some ecosystems such as the Andean forests of Colombia, the identification of dormancy class remains poorly known. To address this, we described the morphology, anatomy and dormancy class of the seeds and fruits of 14 species using microtome sections, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Five native pioneer species showed Morphophysiological Dormancy, three Physical Dormancy + Physiological Dormancy and two Physical Dormancy, whereas two invasive species showed Physiological Dormancy. Only the species of the genusCecropiahad seeds with PY + PD that was promoted by the anatomical structure of the achenes. Of the analysed species, 85% showed dormancy and followed a pattern like other tropical montane ecosystems in the world. The anatomy of achenes and development of seed dormancy play important roles in the capacity ofCecropiaspecies to contribute to the natural regeneration of Andean ecosystems. Additionally, seed dormancy may promote the high invasiveness ofThunbergia alataandUlex europaeusin the Andean forests of the Central Cordillera of Colombia.
Cortical thickness moderates intraindividual variability in prefrontal cortex activation patterns of older adults during walking
Authors: Ross Daliah , Wagshul Mark E. , Izzetoglu Meltem , Holtzer Roee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:Increased intraindividual variability (IIV) in behavioral and cognitive performance is a risk factor for adverse outcomes but research concerning hemodynamic signal IIV is limited. Cortical thinning occurs during aging and is associated with cognitive decline. Dual-task walking (DTW) performance in older adults has been related to cognition and neural integrity. We examined the hypothesis that reduced cortical thickness would be associated with greater increases in IIV in prefrontal cortex oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) from single tasks to DTW in healthy older adults while adjusting for behavioral performance.Method:Participants were 55 healthy community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 74.84, standard deviation (SD) = 4.97). Structural MRI was used to quantify cortical thickness. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess changes in prefrontal cortex HbO2during walking. HbO2IIV was operationalized as theSDof HbO2observations assessed during the first 30 seconds of each task. Linear mixed models were used to examine the moderation effect of cortical thickness throughout the cortex on HbO2IIV across task conditions.Results:Analyses revealed that thinner cortex in several regions was associated with greater increases in HbO2IIV from the single tasks to DTW (ps< .02).Conclusions:Consistent with neural inefficiency, reduced cortical thickness in the PFC and throughout the cerebral cortex was associated with increases in HbO2IIV from the single tasks to DTW without behavioral benefit. Reduced cortical thickness and greater IIV of prefrontal cortex HbO2during DTW may be further investigated as risk factors for developing mobility impairments in aging.
Risk Propensity as a Personality Antecedent of Emigration Attitudes Among Bulgarian Millennials and Zoomers
Authors: Bakalova Diana , Panchelieva Tsvetelina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract: This paper examines the predictive power of risk propensity as a personality tendency over emigration attitudes among young Bulgarians regarding their generational belonging and differences. Although the correlation between risk propensity and migration attitudes has been studied in some countries, to date, it has neither been examined in Bulgaria – an Eastern European economy in transition – nor scrutinized in the light of generational differences. As part of a national survey ( N = 1,200) carried out in September-October 2021, young Bulgarians aged 18–35 years – Zoomers ( N = 444) and Millennials ( N = 756), we measured risk propensity both as a general tendency and as individual responses to different risk domains, using a revision of Jackson’s Risk-Taking Scale (1994) . We studied the emigration attitudes using an original 5-item Attitudes Toward Emigration Scale. The findings suggest that risk propensity, mostly in the social risk domain, is a powerful predictor of emigration attitudes among young Bulgarians, even more powerful for Millennials than Zoomers. The higher risk propensity is associated with more positive attitudes toward emigration. The findings have important interdisciplinary implications for psychological theory and demographic policy.
Development and Application of an Infragravity Wave (InWave) Driver to Simulate Nearshore Processes
Authors: Olabarrieta Maitane , Warner John C. , Hegermiller Christie A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInfragravity waves are key components of the hydro‐sedimentary processes in coastal areas, especially during extreme storms. Accurate modeling of coastal erosion and breaching requires consideration of the effects of infragravity waves. Here, we present InWave, a new infragravity wave driver of the Coupled Ocean‐Atmopshere‐Waves‐Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system. InWave computes the spatial and temporal variation of wave energy at the wave group scale and the associated incoming bound infragravity wave. Wave group‐varying forces drive free infragravity wave growth and propagation within the hydrodynamic model of the coupled modeling system, which is the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) in this work. Since ROMS is a three‐dimensional model, this coupling allows for the combined formation of undertow currents and infragravity waves. We verified the coupled InWave‐ROMS with one idealized test case, one laboratory experiment, and one field experiment. The coupled modeling system correctly reproduced the propagation of gravity wave energy with acceptable numerical dissipation. It also captured the transfer of energy from the gravity band to the infragravity band, and within the different infragravity bands in the surf zone, the measured three‐dimensional flow structure, and dune morphological evolution satisfactorily. The idealized case demonstrated that the infragravity wave variance depends on the directional resolution and horizontal grid resolution, which are known challenges with the approach taken here. The addition of InWave to COAWST enables novel investigation of nearshore hydro‐sedimentary dynamics driven by infragravity waves using the strengths of the other modeling components, namely the three‐dimensional nature of ROMS and the sediment transport routines.
Transition and Drivers of Elastic to Inelastic Deformation in the Abarkuh Plain From InSAR Multi‐Sensor Time Series and Hydrogeological Data
Authors: Mirzadeh Sayyed Mohammad Javad , Jin Shuanggen , Chaussard Estelle , Bürgmann Roland , Rezaei Abolfazl , Ghotbi Saba , Braun Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTracking the inelastic deformation of an aquifer is important to quantify the stress experienced by the aquifer system, so that the effects of the current extraction practices are put in the context of the hydrogeological settings of a region. However, transition of elastic to inelastic deformation is hard to be monitored, particularly in the Abarkuh Plain (AP) with a dry climate. In this study, we define the confined extent of aquifer system and track the spatial evolution of inelastic deformation based on the multi‐sensor Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar time series in the AP in central Iran from 2003 to 2020. Our results demonstrate that many locations with experiencing no significant inelastic deformation a few years ago are now deforming inelastically, leading to partially irreversible lowering of ground surface and loss of aquifer storage. Lithological data shows that total thickness of compacted clay units controls the extent and timing of observed inelastic deformation, while joint geodetic‐well data confirms that multi‐decadal dropping of head in the confined extents of aquifer system is driving the long‐term compaction. These results show that we are possibly near a tipping point between the sustainable conditions and permanent damage to underground water resources and the current decisions have the potential to permanently change the natural resources landscape.
Intercomparisons on the Vertical Profiles of Cloud Microphysical Properties From CloudSat Retrievals Over the North China Plain
Authors: Pan Baiwan , Liu Dantong , Du Yuanmou , Zhao Delong , Hu Kang , Ding Shuo , Yu Chenjie , Tian Ping , Wu Yangzhou , Li Siyuan , Kumar Kanike Raghavendra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVertical profiles of cloud microphysical properties importantly determine the lifetime and precipitation rate of clouds. The 94‐GHz cloud profiling radar (CPR) onboard the CloudSat satellite can measure the vertical profile of radar reflectivity, from which the microphysical properties of cloud can be retrieved. The retrievals bear variations due to various assumptions and auxiliary products used. This study targets on the mid‐latitude clouds in the northern hemisphere, and intercompares the CloudSat products describing the vertical profiles of cloud microphysics and evaluate the uncertainties for each retrieval algorithm, with further evaluation by aircraft in‐situ observations over the North China Plain region during 2013–2017. For those retrieval products performing phase apportion, the ambient temperature‐based linear apportioning on mixed‐phase clouds can produce reasonable estimation on ice water content, apart from the heavily precipitating clouds. The retrieved liquid water content constrained by cloud optical depth well matched in‐situ observations, however its effective size is overestimated (hereby underestimating the number concentration of water droplets) because of the influence of larger precipitating hydrometeors on size distribution. The CPR‐only retrieval can well produce the effective diameter and number concentration of ice for deep convection clouds, but using additional lidar constraint underestimates the effective diameter due to the intense attenuation by thick clouds. The analysis here suggests the appropriate parameters from various products for different cloud types, and provides guidance for future development of retrieval algorithms on vertical profiles of cloud microphysical properties.
Modeling Multi‐Fraction Coastal Aeolian Sediment Transport With Horizontal and Vertical Grain‐Size Variability
Authors: van IJzendoorn C. O. , Hallin C. , Reniers A. J. H. M. , de Vries S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGrain size affects the rates of aeolian sediment transport on beaches. Sediment in coastal environments typically consists of multiple grain‐size fractions and exhibits spatiotemporal variations. Still, conceptual and numerical aeolian transport models are simplified and often only include a single fraction that is constant over the model domain. It is unclear to what extent this simplification is valid and if the inclusion of multi‐fraction transport and spatial grain‐size variations affects aeolian sediment transport simulations and predictions of coastal dune development. This study applies the numerical aeolian sediment transport model AeoLiS to compare single‐fraction to multi‐fraction approaches for a range of grain‐size distributions and spatial grain‐size scenarios. The results show that on timescales of days to years, single‐fraction simulations with the median grain size, D50, often give similar results to multi‐fraction simulations, provided the wind is able to mobilize all fractions within that time frame. On these timescales, vertical variability in grain size has a limited effect on total transport rates, but it does influence the simulation results on minute timescales. Horizontal grain‐size variability influences both the total transport rates and the downwind bed grain‐size composition. The results provide new insights into the influence of beach sediment composition and spatial variability on total transport rates toward the dunes. The findings of this study can guide the implementation of grain‐size variability in numerical aeolian sediment transport models.
Neurosteroids: mechanistic considerations and clinical prospects
Authors: Maguire Jamie L. , Mennerick Steven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLike other classes of treatments described in this issue’s section, neuroactive steroids have been studied for decades but have risen as a new class of rapid-acting, durable antidepressants with a distinct mechanism of action from previous antidepressant treatments and from other compounds covered in this issue. Neuroactive steroids are natural derivatives of progesterone but are proving effective as exogenous treatments. The best understood mechanism is that of positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors, where subunit selectivity may promote their profile of action. Mechanistically, there is some reason to think that neuroactive steroids may separate themselves from liabilities of other GABA modulators, although research is ongoing. It is also possible that intracellular targets, including inflammatory pathways, may be relevant to beneficial actions. Strengths and opportunities for further development include exploiting non-GABAergic targets, structural analogs, enzymatic production of natural steroids, precursor loading, and novel formulations. The molecular mechanisms of behavioral effects are not fully understood, but study of brain network states involved in emotional processing demonstrate a robust influence on affective states not evident with at least some other GABAergic drugs including benzodiazepines. Ongoing studies with neuroactive steroids will further elucidate the brain and behavioral effects of these compounds as well as likely underpinnings of disease.
Comparison of standard versus accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus: 5-year outcomes from the Save Sight Keratoconus Registry
Authors: Kandel Himal , Abbondanza Marco , Gupta Aanchal , Mills Richard , Watson Adam S. , Petsoglou Constantinos , Kerdraon Yves , Watson Stephanie L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
To compare long-term effectiveness of Standard (UV intensity: 3 mW/cm2, duration: 30 min) vs Accelerated (UV intensity: 9 mW/cm2, duration: 10 min) corneal cross-linking (CXL) for stabilising keratoconus.

Methods
Data for this observational study were captured through a web-based registry system from the routine clinical practice (15 sites across Australia, New Zealand and Italy). The outcomes were compared using mixed-effects regression models. A total of 100 eyes (75 patients) who had standard CXL and 76 eyes (66 patients) who had accelerated CXL, with a follow-up visit at five-year post-CXL were included.

Results
Both CXL protocols were effective and safe in stabilising keratoconus and improving outcomes. The adjusted mean changes (95% CI) in outcomes were better in standard CXL than in accelerated CXL [visual acuity gain, 10.2 (7.9–12.5) vs 4.9 (1.6–8.2) logMAR letters; pinhole visual acuity 5.7 (3.5–7.8) vs 0.2 (−2.2 to 2.5) logMAR letters; Kmax −1.8 (−4.3 to 0.6) vs 1.2 (−1.5 to 3.9)D; K2 −0.9 (–2.2 to 0.3) vs 0.1 (−1.3 to 1.6)D; MCT –3.0 (−13.7 to 7.7) vs −11.8 (−23.9 to 0.4) µm (p values for visual acuity, pinhole visual acuity, Kmax: <0.05; for K2 and MCT: >0.05)]. The frequency of adverse events at the 5-year follow-up visit was low in both groups [standard, 5 (5%; haze 3; scarring 1, epithelial defect 1) and accelerated 3 (3.9%; haze 2, scarring 1)].

Conclusions
Both standard and accelerated CXL were safe and effective procedures for stabilising keratoconus in the long term. The standard CXL resulted in greater improvements in visual acuity and keratometry.
Effect of silver nanoparticles on tropane alkaloid production of transgenic hairy root cultures of Hyoscyamus muticus L. and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Abdelkawy Aisha M. , Alshammari Shifaa O. , Hussein Hebat-Allah A. , Abou El-Enain Inas M. M. , Abdelkhalek Eman S. , Radwan Asmaa M. , Kenawy Sahar K. M. , Maaty Doaa A. M. , Abed Nermine N. , Sabry Shadia , Mohsen Abeer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe utilization of nanotechnology and biotechnology for enhancing the synthesis of plant bioactive chemicals is becoming increasingly common. The hairy root culture technique can be used to increase secondary metabolites such as tropane alkaloids. Agrobacterium was used to induce hairy roots from various explants of Hyoscyamus muticus. The effect of nano-silver particles (AgNPs) at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L on tropane alkaloids synthesis, particularly hyoscyamine and scopolamine, was studied in transgenic hairy root cultures. Different types of explants obtained from 10-day-old seedlings of H. muticus were inoculated with two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (15,834 and A4). The antimicrobial activity of an ethanolic extract of AgNPs-induced hairy root cultures of H. muticus was tested. The frequency of hairy roots was higher in hypocotyl, root, leaf, and stem explants treated with A. rhizogenes strain A4 compared to those treated with strain 15,834. In transgenic hairy root cultures, AgNPs application at a concentration of 100 mg/L resulted in the highest total tropane alkaloid production, which exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The study demonstrated the potential of nano-silver as an elicitor for promoting the production of target alkaloids in Hyoscyamus muticus hairy root cultures, which exhibit high biological activity.
Open water dreissenid mussel control projects: lessons learned from a retrospective analysis
Authors: Dahlberg Angelique D. , Waller Diane L. , Hammond David , Lund Keegan , Phelps Nicholas B. D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDreissenid mussels are one of the most problematic aquatic invasive species (AIS) in North America, causing substantial ecological and economic effects. To date, dreissenid mussel control efforts in open water have included physical, biological, and chemical methods. The feasibility of successful dreissenid mussel management or eradication in lakes is relatively undocumented in the freshwater management literature. This review presents information on 33 open water dreissenid mussel control projects in 23 North America lakes. We reviewed data from past dreissenid mussel control projects and identified patterns and knowledge gaps to help inform adaptive management strategies. The three key lessons learned include (1) pre- and post-treatment survey methods that are designed to meet management objectives are beneficial, e.g., by sampling for all life stages and taking into account that no survey method is completely comprehensive; (2) defining the treatment area—particularly ensuring it is sufficiently large to capture all life stages present—is critical to meeting management objectives; and (3) control projects provide an opportunity to collect water chemistry, effects on non-target organisms, and other efficacy-related data that can inform safe and effective adaptive management.