bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History matters: societal acceptance of deep-sea mining and incipient conflicts in Papua New Guinea
Authors: van Putten E.I. , Aswani S. , Boonstra W.J. , De la Cruz-Modino R. , Das J. , Glaser M. , Heck N. , Narayan S. , Paytan A. , Selim S. , Vave R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNew marine industries that develop and grow in response to the changing demand for their products have the potential to exert pressure on fragile marine environments. These emerging industries can benefit local communities but equally can have negative environmental and socio-cultural impacts. The development of new and emerging industries, like deep seabed mining (DSM), requires the acceptance and involvement of local communities. Yet, the history of marine exploitation is imbued with conflicts between industries and local communities. This paper presents a DSM case study in Papua New Guinea (PNG) to stimulate debate around the potential for conflict in the pursuit of resource extraction from the deep sea and the social and environmental harm that these extractions can cause. We do so by first presenting a timeline of local and extra-local events and enabling conditions that form the development background for the DSM Solwara 1 project in PNG. We then undertake a media narrative analysis to consider the contribution of aspects of social acceptability to this highly complex and multi-scale conflict. We find that the lack of (or a decrease in) social acceptability contributed to the conflict situation and ultimately the demise of the Solwara 1 project. Extra-locally, the initial development was positively framed around solutions for decarbonisation using new technology. Over time, actions by international NGOs, financial issues related to foreign companies, and asymmetry in the power balance between the Pacific Island nation and global businesses played a role in growing negative perceptions of acceptability. Historical experiences with prior environmental mining disasters, together with sea tenure governance challenges, and a lack of community and stakeholder acceptance also contributed to the demise of the project. Untangling and debating these complex interactions provides context and reasons for the tension between the lack of societal acceptance at a local scale and the perceived need for DSM products in the global North for innovative technologies and decarbonising societies. Better understanding these interactions and tensions can help emerging industries navigate a future blue economy.
Cheminformatics identification of modulators of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes from C. cujete for type-2 diabetes mellitus intervention
Authors: Balogun Fatai Oladunni , Singh Karishma , Rampadarath Athika , Akoonjee Ayesha , Naidoo Kayleen , Sabiu Saheed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The therapeutic use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is without adverse effects; thus, calls for alternative and novel candidates from natural products in medicinal plants.

Method
The study explored molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches to identify key antidiabetic metabolites from Crescentia cujete.

Results
Molecular docking results identified four and/or five best compounds against each target enzyme (alpha-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aldose reductase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B)) implicated in diabetes. The resulting complexes (except against PTP-1B) had higher docking scores above respective standards (acarbose, Diprotin A, ranirestat). The MD simulation results revealed compounds such as benzoic acid (-48.414 kcal/mol) and phytol (-45.112 kcal/mol) as well as chlorogenic acid (-42.978 kcal/mol) and naringenin (-31.292 kcal/mol) had higher binding affinities than the standards [acarbose (-28.248 kcal/mol), ranirestat (-21.042 kcal/mol)] against alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase, respectively while Diprotin A (-45.112 kcal/mol) and ursolic acid (-18.740 kcal/mol) presented superior binding affinities than the compounds [luteolin (-41.957 kcal/mol and naringenin (-16.518 kcal/mol)] against DPP-IV and PTP-1B respectively.

Conclusion
While isoflavone (alpha-glucosidase), xylocaine (DPP-IV), luteolin (aldose reductase,) and chlorogenic acid (PTP-1B) were affirmed as the best inhibitors of respective enzyme targets, luteolin, and chlorogenic acid may be suggested and proposed as probable candidates against T2DM and related retinopathy complication based on their structural stability, compactness and affinity for three (DPP-IV, aldose reductase, and PTP-1B) of the four targets investigated. Further studies are warranted in vitro and in vivo on the antihyperglycaemic effects of these drug candidates.
A Systematic Review to Move Australian Disability Employment Forward for Autistic People
Authors: Hayward Susan M. , Flower Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe current Disability Employment Service (DES) model serving autistic job seekers in Australia will end in the year 2023. The Australian Government is exploring new options for a replacement model. Aiding these efforts a systematic review of the literature examined the evidence base of effective assisted employment supports for autistic people in Australia. Using PRISMA guidelines, of 1839 search results, eight papers met inclusion criteria concerning: (a) autistic individuals, (b) assisted employment in Australia, (c) enablers to employment gain or retention, and (d) original evidence. All effective activities require providers to understand autism and the needs of autistic adults. We suggest the first steps in enhancing DES include educating providers and their staff in autism and hiring autistic employment consultants.
Production of Inorganic Hollow Cores Using Sacrificial Ice Cores
Authors: Locke Christopher , Polzin Hartmut , Bissels Joshua , Günther Daniel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe production of hollow cores using 3D sand printing is state-of-the-art. Hollow cores are advantageous in decoring, gas permeability and material consumption. The methodology for producing hollow cores, as in 3D sand printing, is not transferable to core shooting. However, using sacrificial ice cores (SaIC) as a tool to produce hollow cores in a core shooting process enable complex hollow structures, as in 3D sand printing. Recently there has been an effort towards more environmentally friendly production. In this regard, water glass binders are in the focus of the metal casting industry and research institutions. This work presents a new method for producing water glass-bonded hollow cores using SaIC in a core shooting process. The manufacturing principle is detailed using a bending test bar and a near-series prototype core. The bending strength of the hollow bending test bars reaches up to 300 N/cm2. Due to the hollow structure, the decoring behaviour is significantly improved compared to solid cores.
Bayesian learning models to measure the relative impact of ESG factors on credit ratings
Authors: Agosto Arianna , Cerchiello Paola , Giudici Paolo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence methods, based on machine learning models, are rapidly changing financial services, and credit lending in particular, complementing traditional bank lending with platform lending. While financial technologies improve user experience and possibly lower costs, they may increase risks and, in particular, the model risks that derive from inaccurate credit rating assessments. In this paper, we will show how to reduce such model risks, using a S.A.F.E. statistical learning model, which improves: Sustainability, taking environmental, social and governance factors into account; Accuracy, building a model which maximises predictive accuracy; Fairness, merging ESG scores from different data providers, improving their representativeness; Explainability, clarifying the relative contribution of each ESG score to predictive accuracy.
Effect of Probe Lifting Height in Jumping Mode AFM for Living Cell Imaging
Authors: Cheng Can , Wang Xingyue , Dong Jianjun , Wang Zuobin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is one of the effective methods for imaging the morphological and physical properties of living cells in a near-physiological environment. However, several problems caused by the adhesion of living cells and extension of the cell membranes seriously affect the image quality during living cell imaging, hindering the study of living cells. In this work, jumping mode AFM imaging was used to image living cells at varied probe lifting heights to meet image quality requirements, and image quality related to the probe lifting height is discussed in detail. The jumping mode was divided into three parts based on the varying heights of the lifted probe, namely near-contact mode, half-jumping mode, and full-jumping mode, and the causes of their imaging drawbacks were analyzed. At an appropriate lifting height, the probe can be completely free from the influence of cell adhesion and self-excited oscillation, thus avoiding the occurrence of “trail” phenomena and invalid points in the imaging of living cells and improving the image quality. Additionally, this work provides a new approach to calculating the lateral force through the adhesion of trace and retrace scanning at a low height, which is important for studying the extension characteristics of the cell membrane.
Quantum computing for a profusion of postman problem variants
Authors: Pion Joel E. , Negre Christian F. A. , Mniszewski Susan M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study the viability of solving the Chinese Postman Problem, a graph routing optimization problem, and many of its variants on a quantum annealing device. Routing problem variants considered include graph type, directionally varying weights, number of parties involved in routing, among others. We put emphasis on the explanation of how to convert such problems into quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems. QUBO is one of two equivalent natural paradigms for quantum annealing devices, the other being the Ising Model. We also expand upon a previously discovered algorithm for solving the Chinese Postman Problem on a closed undirected graph to decrease the number of constraints and variables used in the problem. Optimal annealing parameter settings and constraint weight values are discussed based on results from implementation on the D-Wave 2000Q and Advantage. Results from classical, purely quantum, and hybrid algorithms are compared.
Der Kompromiss in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Politische und historische Perspektiven
Authors: de Boer Jan-Hendryk , Westphal Manon 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Kompromiss ist eine Technik, mit der Konflikte über Zugeständnisse an konfligierende Sichtweisen und Positionen reguliert werden. Dass er in unterschiedlichen historischen wie gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen Kontexten ermöglicht, mit Konflikten umzugehen, macht ihn zu einem relevanten Gegenstand politikwissenschaftlicher wie geschichtswissenschaftlicher Forschung. Dieser Rezensionsaufsatz diskutiert aktuelle Literatur zum Thema aus beiden Disziplinen und fokussiert vier Themen: die Rolle von Kompromissen in Demokratien und Nicht-Demokratien, schlechte und gute Kompromisse, die historische Variabilität von Kompromissen sowie Voraussetzungen von Kompromissen.
Environmental enrichment for reptiles in European zoos: Current status and perspectives
Authors: Bartolomé Alicia , Carazo Pau , Font Enrique 
Published: July 2023

AbstractZoos and aquaria are paying increasing attention to environmental enrichment, which has proven an effective tool for the improvement of animal welfare. However, several ongoing issues have hampered progress in environmental enrichment research. Foremost among these is the taxonomic bias, which hinders our understanding of the value of enrichment for neglected groups, such as reptiles. In this study, we evaluated the status of environmental enrichment for reptiles in European zoos using a survey approach. A total of 121 zoos (32% response rate) completed our main survey, focusing on the use of different enrichment types for reptiles. We found significant differences in the use and/or type of enrichment between reptile groups. Tortoises (family Testudinidae) and monitor lizards (genusVaranus) were the most enriched taxa while venomous snakes were the least. The enrichment types most used across taxa were structural/habitat design and dietary. A second, more detailed, questionnaire followed, where participants were questioned about specific enrichment techniques. A total of 42 enrichment methods were reported, with two being represented across all taxa: increasing structural/thermal complexity and enrichment objects. Finally, we present information from participating zoos on enrichment goals, assessment methods, sources of information for enrichment ideas, and whether enrichment for reptiles is considered essential and/or implemented routinely. Results suggest that, although usage is widespread across European zoos, our understanding of enrichment for reptiles needs to be re-evaluated, since many of the techniques reported tread a fine line between basic husbandry and actual enrichment.
From Gender Equity to Gendered Assignments? Women and Cabinet Committees in Canada and the United Kingdom
Authors: Siklodi Nora , Ie Kenny William , Allen Nicholas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article explores women's access to ministerial power in an important but understudied arena of executive politics: cabinet committees. Specifically, we analyse the gendered patterns in the distribution of cabinet committee assignments in two ‘typical’ Westminster cases, Canada and the United Kingdom, and under two prime ministers, Justin Trudeau (2015–2021) and David Cameron (2010–2016), who both made explicit gender-equity pledges. Informed by previous research into gendered allocation of ministerial portfolios, we investigate the overall extent of women's committee assignments, the gendered dimensions of these assignments and the status of assignments, namely the ‘prestige’ of committee remits, whether committees were chaired by the prime minister and the allocation of chairing responsibilities across committees. In both cases, overall assignment broadly matched shares of women ministers at the cabinet level, but less so during the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition in the UK (2010–2015). Women's shares of committee assignments were likely to be lower on ‘masculine’ and ‘high-prestige’ committees compared to ‘neutral’, ‘feminine’ and ‘low-prestige’ committees, but commitment to gender equity is more evident in the Canadian case. While our aim is exploratory and descriptive, we offer several explanations for these patterns, including the supply of women ministers, departmentalism, party branding and the low public profile of cabinet committees.
Simulated mechanical control of Nitellopsis obtusa under mesocosm conditions
Authors: Haram Alyssa M. , Wersal Ryan M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractManagement efforts to control starry stonewort [Nitellopsis obtusa (Desvaux in Loiseleur) J. Groves] have been limited to stressing the thalli and have not been able to directly target the reproductive bulbils. Smaller-scale efforts such as the use of hand pulling can be employed, but hand pulling is not realistic for larger infestations. This research was conducted to test the effects of clipping stress on N. obtusa to provide a baseline for the effect of stress on the production of bulbils and the regrowth of thalli. Mesocosms were set up under greenhouse conditions to test the effects on N. obtusa of simulated mechanical harvesting once, twice, and four times per growing season. Different seasonal timing and frequency of clipping treatments will remove different amounts of thalli biomass. The four-clipping treatment always reduced thalli biomass in this study at both 16 and 52 wk after treatment (WAT) compared with the nontreated reference, but there was no difference among clipping treatments at 52 WAT. At 16 WAT, one clipping reduced bulbil density by 44% (Trial 1) to 50% (Trial 2), two clippings reduced bulbil density by 28% (Trial 2) to 52% (Trial 1), and four clippings reduced bulbil density by 22% (Trial 2) to 88% (Trial 1). At 52 WAT, bulbil densities were 69% and 93% lower than those of the nontreated reference Trials 2 and 1, respectively. Results from this study indicate that clipping may be effective for N. obtusa control and could impact bulbil production.
A New Dawn for Gay Rights in Botswana: A Commentary on the Decision of the High Court and Court of Appeal in the Motshidiemang Cases
Authors: Lekgowe Gosego Rockfall 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 2003, the Botswanan Court of Appeal decided inKanane v The Statethat discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation was not proscribed by the Botswanan Constitution because no evidence had been adduced showing that the society of Botswana was ready for gay individuals. After sixteen years, things changed: in 2019, inLetsweletse Motshidiemang and LEGABIBO (as amicus) v The Attorney General, the High Court held that the law criminalizing anal intercourse violated the fundamental rights of gay people. In 2021, the Court of Appeal upheld the High Court decision. This commentary briefly examines these three decisions. It argues thatKananegave too much weight to public opinion to the detriment of constitutional interpretation. Through a robust approach to generous interpretation of fundamental rights, the Motshidiemang decisions partly remedied the flaw inKanane. However, judicial clarification is still required on some aspects of the decision.
Seismic Scattering and Absorption Properties of Mars Estimated Through Coda Analysis on a Long‐Period Surface Wave of S1222a Marsquake
Authors: Onodera Keisuke , Maeda Takuto , Nishida Kiwamu , Kawamura Taichi , Margerin Ludovic , Menina Sabrina , Lognonné Philippe , Banerdt William Bruce 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOn 4 May 2022, the seismometer on Mars observed the largest marsquake (S1222a) during its operation. One of the most specific features of S1222a is the long event duration lasting more than 8 hr, in addition to the clear appearance of body and surface waves. As demonstrated on Earth, by modeling a long‐lasting and scattered surface wave with the radiative transfer theory under the isotropic scattering condition, we estimated the scattering and intrinsic quality factors of Mars (Qs and Qi). This study especially focused on the frequency range between 0.05–0.09 Hz, where Qs and Qi have not been constrained yet. Our results revealed that Qi = 1,000–1,500 and Qs = 30–500. By summarizing the Martian Qi and Qs estimated so far and by comparing them with those of other celestial bodies, we found that, overall, the Martian scattering and absorption properties showed Earth‐like values.
Future Change Projections of Extreme Floods at Catchment Scale and Hydrodynamic Response of Its Downstream Lake Based on Catchment‐Waterbody Relationship Simulation
Authors: Hua Ruixiang , Zhang Yongyong , Zhang Shiyan , Zhao Tongtiegang , Tang Qiuhong , Zhang Yongqiang , Feng Aiping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtreme riverine floods and hydrodynamic response of downstream lakes are the main focus of catchment flood control, especially under climate change. In this study, future changes in the extreme floods and their hydrodynamic responses are projected by driving the external coupling of the hydrological and hydrodynamic models using the precipitation and temperature outputs of the general circulation models (GCMs) in seven emission scenarios, and the impact of climate change is evaluated. The Baiyangdian Lake and its controlled catchment are selected as our study area. Results show that: (a) both the daily runoff and the lake water levels are well simulated, (b) compared with the baseline scenario, extreme riverine floods are projected to increase evidently throughout the catchment with mean rates of 33.2%, 14.1% and 10.9% in the RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively because of increasing precipitation; consequently, the total lake inflow also increases by 13.5%–150.9%, most of which are from Zhulong, Xiaoyi, Tanghe, and Fuhe Rivers, and (c) the water level of the Baiyangdian Lake increases temporally during the flood seasons in all the scenarios, and the increase in water level is 0.27–1.29 m greater than that in the baseline scenario; consequently, the water depth in 55.8% and 73.4% of lake area increases over 1.0 m in the future short‐term and long‐term scenarios, respectively; the inundation area also increases by 23.4%–26.7% in the future scenarios, except in the long‐term RCP4.5 scenario. The northeastern and south‐central regions of Baiyangdian, which are near Xiong'an New Area, have a relatively high inundation risk.
Influence of Stratosphere Polar Vortex Variability on the Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Ionosphere
Authors: Pedatella N. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCM‐X) is used to investigate the influence of stratosphere polar vortex variability on the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere during Northern Hemisphere winter. Based on 40 simulated Northern Hemisphere winters, the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) residual circulation is found to depend on whether the stratosphere polar vortex is strong or weak. In particular, during weak stratosphere polar vortex time periods, the MLT circulation anomalies are characterized by clockwise and anti‐clockwise flow in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively. Opposite, though weaker, anomalies are found to occur during time periods when the stratosphere polar vortex is strong. The MLT circulation anomalies influence the composition of the lower thermosphere, leading to ±5% changes in the thermosphere column integrated atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen ratio (ΣO/N2). Large differences between strong and weak stratosphere polar vortex events are also found to occur in the semidiurnal migrating tide (SW2) in the MLT, which leads to ±15%–20% differences in the SW2 component of the ionosphere total electron content (TEC) at low latitudes. The WACCM‐X simulation results indicate that variability in the stratosphere polar vortex can explain ∼30% and ∼18% of the quiet time variability in thermosphere ΣO/N2 and the SW2 component of TEC during Northern Hemisphere winter, respectively.