bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neo‐tropical felid activity patterns in relation to potential prey and intraguild competitors in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
Authors: Argudín‐Violante Cristina , Middleton Owen S. , Slater Kathy Y. , Dominguez‐Bonilla Esteban , Doncaster C. Patrick 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPredator behaviors influence, and are influenced by, prey and competitor behaviors. Jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) coexist throughout their geographic range as the three largest predators in a multi‐predator community across diverse environments. This study tested for non‐random segregation and overlap in the activity patterns of these felids and their shared prey in the southern buffer zone of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, in southern Mexico, using camera traps during February to August 2019. We detected little temporal segregation between the nocturnal activities of jaguars, pumas, and ocelots, although pumas were more active closer to dawn. Jaguars had low activity overlap with species likely to be common prey, whereas ocelots had high overlap with their potential prey. Pumas displayed finer‐scale similarities in activity with species likely to be common prey. In an understudied area of conservation importance, this study shows that temporal segregation is an unlikely mechanism of coexistence. Further research should incorporate spatio‐temporal avoidance and dietary differences to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that drive coexistence between generalist species in a diverse assemblage of threatened felids.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Relations between self‐regulation and behavioral adjustment in Chinese American immigrant children during early elementary school years
Authors: Gys Christopher L. , Haft Stephanie L. , Zhou Qing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study examined associations between sociocultural factors and self‐regulation (parent‐report, teacher‐report, laboratory tasks), and prospective relations between self‐regulation and behavioral adjustment (parent‐, teacher‐, child‐report) in a socioeconomically diverse sample of Chinese American children in immigrant families (N = 258, Wave 1 age = 6–9 years, Wave 2 age = 9–11 years, 52% boys, 57% low‐income) in a longitudinal study (2007–2011) during early elementary school years. Family income uniquely related to a self‐regulation latent factor ( = .22), and parent–child Chinese orientation gaps were associated with parent‐reported effortful control ( = .40). Self‐regulation at W1 negatively predicted parent‐ and teacher‐reported behavioral maladjustment ( = −.22 and −.48) at W2, controlling for cross‐time stability of both constructs and covariates (child sex, parental education).
The neoadjuvant rectal score and a novel magnetic resonance imaging based neoadjuvant rectal score are stage independent predictors of long‐term outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: McMahon Ross K. , O'Cathail Sean M. , Nair Harikrishnan , Steele Colin W. , Platt Jonathan J. , Digby Michael , McDonald Alec C. , Horgan Paul G. , Roxburgh Campbell S. D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimNeoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score is an early surrogate for longer‐term outcomes in rectal cancer undergoing radiotherapy and resection. In an era of increasing organ preservation, resection specimens are not always available to calculate the NAR score. Post‐treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) re‐staging of regression is subjective, limiting reproducibility. We explored the potential for a novel MRI‐based NAR score (mrNAR) adapted from the NAR formula.MethodsLocally advanced rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (nCRT) and surgery were retrospectively identified between 2008 and 2020 in a single cancer network. mrNAR was calculated by adapting the NAR formula, replacing pathological (p) stages with post‐nCRT MR stages (ymr). Cox regression assessed relationships between clinicopathological characteristics, NAR and mrNAR with overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).ResultsIn total, 381 NAR and 177 mrNAR scores were calculated. On univariate analysis NAR related to OS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–3.14, p = 0.001) and RFS (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.77–3.59, p = 0.001). NAR 3‐year OS <8 was 95.3%, 8–16 was 88.6% and >16 was 80%. mrNAR related to OS (HR 2.96, 95% CI 1.38–6.34, p = 0.005) and RFS (HR 2.99, 95% CI 1.49–6.00, p = 0.002). 3‐year OS for mrNAR <8 was 96.2%, 8–16 was 92.4% and >16 was 78%. On multivariate analysis, mrNAR was a stage‐independent predictor of OS and RFS. mrNAR corresponded to NAR score category in only 15% (positive predictive value 0.23) and 47.5% (positive predictive value 0.48) of cases for categories <8 and >16, respectively.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant rectal score is validated as a surrogate end‐point for long‐term outcomes. mrNAR categories do not correlate with NAR but have stage‐independent prognostic value. mrNAR may represent a novel surrogate end‐point for future neoadjuvant treatments that focus on organ preservation.
Never Gonna Give You Up Even When It Is Suboptimal
Authors: Lin Hsuan‐Yu , von Helversen Bettina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrevious research showed that animals adopt different foraging strategies in different environment settings. However, research on whether humans adapt their foraging strategies to the foraging environment has shown little evidence of a change in strategies. This study aims to investigate whether humans will adapt their foraging strategies when performance differences between strategies are large and why participants may fixate on a single strategy. We conducted two foraging experiments and identified the strategies used by the participants. Most participants used the Give‐Up Time (GUT) strategy regardless of the environment they encountered. GUT was used even in environments where other strategies such as the Fixed‐Time strategy or the Fixed‐Number strategy performed better. Using computer simulations, we further examined the conditions under which the GUT strategy will perform well compared to the other strategies. We found that even though the GUT strategy is not always the best strategy, it performs consistently on a satisfactory level and had an advantage when variance in the quality of patches was introduced. The consistently good performance of the GUT strategy could thus explain participants’ lack of strategy switching.
Evaluating scent detection dogs as a tool to detect pathogenic Phytophthora species
Authors: Carter Zachary T. , McNaughton Ellery J. , Fea Murray P. , Horner Ian , Johnson Kerryn , Killick Sarah , McLay Jessica , Shields Brian , Stanley Margaret C. , Glen Alistair S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe fungal genus Phytophthora includes an array of destructive plant pathogens that have had severe impacts on native, agricultural, and horticultural systems worldwide. Preventing the spread of Phytophthora species is critical for protecting vulnerable plants and ecosystems; yet detection remains a challenge due to their microscopic size, broad host range, and latent and cryptic expression in host plants. We tested the effectiveness of trained detection dogs to discriminate the odor of a target Phytophthora species, from among other non‐target odors, by conducting a multi‐choice experiment. We tasked two dogs with discriminating the scent of P. agathidicida—the causal agent of the lethal root rot disease “kauri dieback”—from two non‐target Phytophthora scents (P. cinnamomi and P. multivora), and four non‐target control treatments. We assessed the dogs' scent detection abilities by measuring the sensitivity and precision of their indications toward the target scent over 120 randomized trials. The dogs had a combined sensitivity of 68.6% (CI: 64.1–72.9) and precision of 52.2% (CI: 48.1–56.4), meaning they often identified P. agathidicida when it was present but also signaled on the other non‐target Phytophthora species. Moreover, we characterized the nature of false positive indications made for non‐target scents, which has important implications for how future multi‐choice experiments should be conducted. Our study shows that detection dogs are likely to be an adequate first‐pass detection tool for Phytophthora within a wider biosecurity framework. However, further research is warranted before dogs can be deployed for this purpose in the field.
From colony to fallout: Artificial lights pose risk to seabird fledglings far from their natal colonies
Authors: Friswold Brooke , Idle Jessica L. , Learned Jennifer , Penniman Jay , Bolosan Tiana , Cotin Javier , Young Lindsay , Price Melissa R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeabirds are at risk of decline from multiple threats, including artificial light resulting in their grounding (“fallout”). Without evidence, it can be assumed that seabirds travel short distances from natal colonies to their fallout location, potentially to the closest light source. To test this, a case study on wedge‐tailed shearwaters (Ardenna pacifica, ʻUaʻu kani) fledging from the island of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi was conducted. To assess fallout locations in relation to natal colonies, we affixed identification bands to 4648 chicks at nine natal colonies prior to fledging from 2018 to 2022. Distances between fallout location and natal colony were mapped and fallout location characteristics (radiance, elevation, distances to nearest coastline, road, and colony) were analyzed for 27 banded fledglings that were discovered post‐fallout. The distance between the natal colony and fallout location was significantly greater than the distance between the nearest colony and the fallout location. Fallout often occurred on opposite coastlines from the natal colonies and at substantial distances (x¯ = 24.91 km), with one fallout event recorded on a different island from the natal colony. Our results demonstrate that all artificial lights, regardless of proximity to seabird colonies, may pose a threat to seabird fallout and that fallout is often occurring far from natal colonies and in inconsistent patterns. Collaborative, large‐scale, and multi‐island light management alteration, particularly during fledging periods, is critical in recovering Pacific Island seabird populations. Actions such as these will benefit not only light‐sensitive species such as seabirds and sea turtles but also human health and night‐sky viewing.
Anal cytology: Diagnosis of intestinal spirochaetosis
Authors: Vega‐González Jesús , Pérez‐Alonso Pablo , Sanz Gonzalo , Fernández‐Aceñero María Jesús 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveA case of intestinal spirochaetosis diagnosed in anal cytology is presented.MethodsAn anal liquid‐based cytology was performed and stained with Papanicolau and Warthin‐Starry stains.ResultsAn apical filamentous “fringe” was identified in columnar cells groups.ConclusionAnal cytology is a potential tool for intestinal spirochaetosis diagnosis.
Stock assessment of Larimus breviceps, a bycatch species exploited by artisanal beach seining in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Santos Lucas , Vasconcelos‐Filho Jonas , Eduardo Leandro N. , Lira Alex , Craveiro Cecília , Silva Emanuell F. , Lucena‐Frédou Flávia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMotorized trawling was banned off part of the Brazilian coast in 1990 due to environmental impacts, thus artisanal fishermen adopted large beach seines as an alternative. No impact assessments have been conducted on any species; therefore, we examined the life history and stock status of shorthead drum, Larimus breviceps, a primary bycatch in tropical shrimp fisheries. Between 2016 and 2017, 969 shorthead drum were collected and analyzed using ELEFAN‐based models. Females were larger, more abundant, and older than males. Capture rates of juvenile were high, and no mega‐spawners were found. Integrated stock assessment indicated slight overexploitation and growth overfishing. Increased yield per recruit was indicated by high length at first capture. Shorthead drum segregate ontogenetically by size. Growth, mortality, and longevity may be temperature‐influenced. We found that beach seine fisheries may impact shorthead drum by population depletion and potential disruptions to reproductive capacity and recommend further studies and management to improve sustainability.
Increased influenza severity in children in the wake of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Hoy Gregory , Maier Hannah E. , Kuan Guillermina , Sánchez Nery , López Roger , Meyers Alyssa , Plazaola Miguel , Ojeda Sergio , Balmaseda Angel , Gordon Aubree 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and subsequent interruption of influenza circulation has lowered population immunity to influenza, especially among children with few prepandemic exposures. Using data from a prospective pediatric cohort study based in Managua, Nicaragua, we compared the incidence and severity of influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B/Victoria between 2022 and two prepandemic seasons. We found a higher incidence of A/H3N2 in older children in 2022 compared with pre‐2020 and a higher proportion of severe influenza in 2022, primarily among children aged 0–4, suggesting an influence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on influenza incidence and severity in children.
Efficient extraction of impurities from phosphogypsum during crystal regulation of α‐hemihydrate gypsum
Authors: Guan Qingjun , Sun Ning , Bu Yongjie , Fan Ruihua , Zhang Zhenyue , Yu Weijian , Chi Ru‐an , Gao Zhiyong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste generated during the “wet phosphoric acid process.” The phosphorus (P) impurities and low‐value‐added recycling products seriously constrain PG re‐utilization, which results in its massive accumulation and thus occupies large land areas and poses a severe pollution threat to the environment. In this study, by regulating gypsum crystal and P species in CaCl2–HCl solutions under mild conditions, efficient removal of P impurities (leaching efficiency of 97.78%) and synchronous preparation of high‐strength α‐CaSO4·0.5H2O (α‐HH) (compressive strength of 35.2 MPa) from PG were achieved during the phase transition from CaSO4·2H2O (DH) to α‐HH, which was a reaction of DH dissolution, followed by α‐HH crystallization. The co‐crystalline P was fully released during the dissolution process, which was necessary to efficiently eliminate P impurities. HCl dissolved the released P and transformed them into the protonated specie (H3PO4) with less similarity to SO42−, which prevented the recombination of the released P with gypsum during the crystallization process. Furthermore, α‐HH morphology and size were controlled by seeding in the mixed solutions. The formation of regular large α‐HH crystals with a low‐specific surface area significantly weakened the surface adsorption of P in solutions and further increased the P leaching efficiency. More importantly, the large stumpy α‐HH was identified as high‐strength gypsum with high added value. This work would provide innovative guidance to efficiently remove impurities from gypsum and pioneer a cost‐effective approach for clean and high‐value utilization of industrial gypsum residues.
Phylogeography and host‐shift speciation in the vampirecups, an enigmatic clade of endophytic holoparasitic plants
Authors: Martos Florent , Hobbhahn Nina , de Vega Clara , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimDiversification of obligate parasites is often closely associated with historical shifts among host species. This phenomenon is well‐documented in animal parasites but still poorly understood for parasitic plants. We studied the associations between host shifts, biogeography and diversification in Cytinus, a genus of endophytic holoparasitic plants which show a remarkable disjunct distribution.LocationMediterranean Basin, southern Africa, Madagascar.TaxonCytinus.MethodsWe sampled numerous populations in South Africa and the western Mediterranean Basin, as well as a few populations in Madagascar where the genus is rare. We amplified two nuclear (ITS and SSU) and two mitochondrial (matR and nad1) loci, to infer its evolutionary history using maximum likelihood and time‐calibrated Bayesian analyses, to elucidate the factors responsible for its current distribution and to assess whether host switching is a main driver of speciation.ResultsAll genes recover lineages corresponding to the three geographic areas of Cytinus and sublineages associated with specific host plants, although they disagree on their deep‐level relationships. Ribosomal nuclear genes support an initial split of the Malagasy lineage and an Afrotropical origin of Cytinus before colonization of warm temperate latitudes. Mitochondrial genes support an initial split of the Mediterranean and Afro‐Malagasy lineages and a later split between the South African and Malagasy clades. Introgressive hybridization is the most likely explanation for this discrepancy, while horizontal gene transfers from hosts is less likely. We found strong support for cryptic host‐specific diversity, with five and eight host races in the Mediterranean and South Africa respectively, and a strong phylogenetic signal in the host–parasite associations suggestive of parasite diversification via phylogenetic host tracking.Main ConclusionsThese dated phylogenies indicate that radiation through long‐distance dispersal events and adaptation to new hosts best explain the disjunct distribution of Cytinus. We emphasize the importance of host specificity and host‐switching in the diversification and biogeography of plant endoparasites.
Exploring the effects of gender in skills acquisition in collaborative learning based on the ontological clustering model
Authors: Hadyaoui Asma , Cheniti‐Belcadhi Lilia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundProject‐based collaborative learning (PBCL) is a technique that supports knowledge and skill development through complex, real‐world projects. Understanding factors that influence group performance in PBCL, such as gender composition, is crucial.ObjectivesThis study investigates the impact of gender composition on group performance in PBCL, specifically focusing on the critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration (4Cs) 21st‐century learning skills.MethodsA total of 312 students were divided into distinct Python programming groups for the experiment. Group performance was assessed using an agglomerative clustering algorithm guided by the ontological group learner model, which examined gender composition, communication patterns, collaboration strategies and project assessment outcomes.Results and ConclusionGender‐balanced groups demonstrated positive outcomes in the 4Cs skills, with groups containing a greater proportion of women exhibiting superior performance in collaboration and communication, whereas majority‐male groups performed relatively poorer across all skills. Notably, in the context of PBCL, the presence of more women in small groups enhanced the 4Cs skills project assessment outcomes.TakeawaysFuture research should focus on providing effective support for male online learners in developing the 4Cs skills. The findings offer insights and recommendations for group formation in collaborative learning, facilitating the design of inclusive and impactful learning environments.
Research Review: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sex differences in narrow constructs of restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests in autistic children, adolescents, and adults
Authors: Edwards Hannah , Wright Sarah , Sargeant Cora , Cortese Samuele , Wood‐Downie Henry 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundEvidence that autism often manifests differently between males and females is growing, particularly in terms of social interaction and communication, but it is unclear if there are sex differences in restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests (RRBIs) when rigorously focusing on the narrow construct level (i.e., stereotyped behaviour, restricted interests, insistence on sameness, and/or sensory experiences).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and four random effects meta‐analyses investigating sex differences in narrow construct measures of RRBIs in autistic children, adolescents, and adults (Prospero registration ID: CRD42021254221). Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.ResultsForty‐six studies were narratively synthesised and 25 of these were included in four random effects meta‐analyses. Results found that autistic males had significantly higher levels of stereotyped behaviours (SMD = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.09, 0.33], p < .001) and restricted interests (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI [0.07, 0.29], p < .001) compared to autistic females. In contrast, there were no significant sex differences for sensory experiences (SMD = −0.09, 95% CI [−0.27, 0.09], p = .32) and insistence on sameness (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.03, 0.05], p = .68). The findings from the narrative synthesis were generally consistent with those from the meta‐analyses and also found qualitative sex differences in the way RRBIs manifest.ConclusionsOur findings show significant differences in narrowly defined RRBIs in males and females. Practitioners need to be aware of such differences, which could be contributing to the under‐recognition of autism in females and may not be captured by current diagnostic instruments.
Readmissions after appointments with nurse prescribers: A register‐based study
Authors: Koskiniemi Saija , Sund Reijo , Liukka Mari , Härkänen Marja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing number of nurse prescribers could be part of a solution to the shortage of physicians, improve access to treatment and curb the rise in healthcare costs; however, readmissions after nurse prescribers' appointments are under‐researched.AimsTo describe and compare clients' initial appointments with nurse prescribers and physicians. In addition, client readmissions within 60 days in the target organisation after nurse prescribers' and physicians' appointments were investigated.DesignRetrospective register‐based follow‐up study.MethodsData included client appointments (n = 3986) with nurse prescribers and physicians, and clients' readmissions (n = 9038) from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019 from one hospital district in Finland. Data were analysed statistically using frequencies, percentages, rate ratios and cross‐tabulation. STROBE checklist was used.ResultsInitial appointments including trimethoprim, pivmecillinam, phenoxymethyl penicillin, chloramphenicol, fusidic acid and cephalexin prescriptions with nurse prescribers (n = 36) were 2131, and physicians (n = 140) 1855. On average, client readmissions (within 60 days) per initial appointment were 2.10 after appointments with nurse prescribers and 2.46 after physicians. After initial appointments, including phenoxymethyl penicillin prescriptions, with nurse prescribers, clients had more readmissions in all age groups than after initial appointments with physicians. However, in all, after initial appointments with physicians, clients had a higher proportion of readmissions.ConclusionClients have fewer readmissions after appointments with nurse prescribers than physicians, including the same prescriptions. Nurse prescribers' skills may not have been fully utilised. Physicians treated many patients whose diseases nurse prescribers might have been able to treat based on the nurse prescribers' rights. However, physician clients may have more demanding service requirements.
Democratic representation and non‐majoritarian actors in constitutional orders: a systemic analysis
Authors: VALENTINI CHIARA 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA systemic analysis of constitutional democratic orders can shed light on two important aspects of political representation (PR): first, the complexity of PR as a plural endeavour involving various actors that perform different activities within a common framework; and second, the diachronic dimension of such an endeavour, which takes shape over time. The article elucidates both aspects with a focus on adjudicative bodies, to point out their representative status and potential as part of a systemic continuum that unfolds over time.