bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclease genes occupy boundaries of genetic exchange between bacteriophages
Authors: Barth Zachary K , Dunham Drew T , Seed Kimberley D 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHoming endonuclease genes (HEGs) are ubiquitous selfish elements that generate targeted double-stranded DNA breaks, facilitating the recombination of the HEG DNA sequence into the break site and contributing to the evolutionary dynamics of HEG-encoding genomes. Bacteriophages (phages) are well-documented to carry HEGs, with the paramount characterization of HEGs being focused on those encoded by coliphage T4. Recently, it has been observed that the highly sampled vibriophage, ICP1, is similarly enriched with HEGs distinct from T4’s. Here, we examined the HEGs encoded by ICP1 and diverse phages, proposing HEG-driven mechanisms that contribute to phage evolution. Relative to ICP1 and T4, we found a variable distribution of HEGs across phages, with HEGs frequently encoded proximal to or within essential genes. We identified large regions (&gt; 10kb) of high nucleotide identity flanked by HEGs, deemed HEG islands, which we hypothesize to be mobilized by the activity of flanking HEGs. Finally, we found examples of domain swapping between phage-encoded HEGs and genes encoded by other phages and phage satellites. We anticipate that HEGs have a larger impact on the evolutionary trajectory of phages than previously appreciated and that future work investigating the role of HEGs in phage evolution will continue to highlight these observations.
A Pilot Study of F-18 Fluciclovine-PET/CT as a Diagnostic Tool for Bone Metastases in Patients With Castrate Resistant Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Correlative Analysis of Blood and Bone Molecular Testing (The FACT Study)
Authors: Babiker Hani M , Kay Matthew D , Stuehm Carol , Woodhead Gregory , Kuo Phillip H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Suspicious F-18 fluciclovine PET/CT findings for osseous metastases from prostate cancer (PC) were targeted for core needle biopsy. We correlated the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of biopsied lesions, with biopsy results, other diagnostic outcomes, and blood and tissue molecular analysis (TMA).

Material and Methods
Patients with castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were recruited from a university oncology clinic. SUVmax, histology, blood, and TMA were correlated.

Results
Fifteen patients were enrolled and 12 underwent bone biopsies. Fifty percent of bone biopsies demonstrated malignancy. Higher SUVmax was associated with positive biopsies for adenocarcinoma (P = .003), and lesions with SUVmax ≥ 5.1 were all positive for malignancy. Significant correlation between blood and somatic TMA (P = .002) was also found.

Conclusion
Higher uptake of F-18 fluciclovine was associated with higher predictive value for osseous metastasis on biopsy. There was a significant correlation between blood and TMA.
Combined RAF and MEK Inhibition to Treat Activated Non-V600 BRAF-Altered Advanced Cancers
Authors: Rustgi Naryan , Maria Ann , Toumbacaris Nicolas , Zhao HuiYong , Kargus Katherine , Bryant Morgan , Waksmundzki Alexandra , Aricescu Ilinca , Lefkowitz Robert A , Li Bob T , Chou Joanne , Capanu Marinela , de Stanchina Elisa , Misale Sandra , Shia Jinru , Yaeger Rona 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancers with non-V600 BRAF-activating alterations have no matched therapy. Preclinical data suggest that these tumors depend on ERK signaling; however, clinical response to MEK/ERK inhibitors has overall been low. We hypothesized that a narrow therapeutic index, driven by ERK inhibition in healthy (wild-type) tissues, limits the efficacy of these inhibitors. As these mutants signal as activated dimers, we further hypothesized that RAF inhibitors given concurrently would improve the therapeutic index by opposing ERK inhibition in normal tissues and not activate ERK in the already activated tumor.

Materials and Methods
Using cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, we evaluated the effect of RAF inhibition, alone and in combination with MEK/ERK inhibitors. We then undertook a phase I/II clinical trial of a higher dose of the MEK inhibitor binimetinib combined with the RAF inhibitor encorafenib in patients with advanced cancer with activating non-V600 BRAF alterations.

Results
RAF inhibition led to modest inhibition of signaling and growth in activated non-V600 BRAF preclinical models and allowed higher dose of MEK/ERK inhibitors in vivo for more profound tumor regression. Fifteen patients received binimetinib 60 mg twice daily plus encorafenib 450 mg daily (6 gastrointestinal primaries, 6 genitourinary primaries, 3 melanoma, and 2 lung cancer; 7 BRAF mutations and 8 BRAF fusions). Treatment was well tolerated without dose-limiting toxicities. One patient had a confirmed partial response, 8 had stable disease, and 6 had radiographic or clinical progression as best response. On-treatment biopsies revealed incomplete ERK pathway inhibition.

Conclusion
Combined RAF and MEK inhibition does not sufficiently inhibit activated non-V600 BRAF-mutant tumors in patients.
Fixing the Musical
Authors: Reside Douglas L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The musical theatre repertory is not composed of titles popular in the theatre but of those with successful cast recordings, movie versions, or even illegal bootlegs on YouTube. The shows audiences know, and the texts and music they expect to hear when they attend a production, are defined by media consumed at home more than by memories of performances witnessed in the theatre. The technologies that made these media possible developed concurrently with and shaped the American musical as an art form. At the turn of the twentieth century, photography and sound recording made it possible to capture the visual and aural elements of a particular production, and new printing technologies made scripts and sheet music faster and cheaper to produce. In the twentieth century, improvements in these technologies as well as the invention of video recording and the commercial internet made it possible to, in the works of the United States copyright law, “fix” new kinds of musicals in “tangible media.” Fixing the Musical examines how the affordances and limitations of these technologies established a repertory of titles that are most frequently performed and defined the texts used in these performances.
Picturing the Musical
Authors: Reside Douglas L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The technologies used to promote and create a visual identity for musicals as part of promotional materials began to establish certain staging and costume elements as essential. Posters and sheet music covers for late nineteenth-century musicals often included color lithographs that defined the visual identity for a musical. Later, the photographs used on album covers, in souvenir playbills, and in companion books helped to “fix” certain visual choices and also provided a way for audiences far from theatrical centers to appreciate musicals not adequately represented in other media. In later years, websites, both official and fan-made, provided a way for productions to create brand awareness through the distribution of both images and audio-visual material.
Bootlegging the Musical
Authors: Reside Douglas L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although the ethics are complex and the illegality certain, for those who live outside of Manhattan bootlegs are now one of the most common ways many initially engage with Broadway theatre. As a result, bootlegs are now helping to define the repertory. Bootlegging is not a new phenomenon, of course. Some have argued, including the editors of the First Folio, that Shakespeare’s work was originally published illicitly, and musical theatre, too, was bootlegged at every stage of the development of the art form. The technologies used to make these bootlegs and the approaches used by rights holders to defend their property (or, at least, make bootlegging more difficult) had an enormous impact on the development of both the musical theatre canon and the shape of the form itself.
Sisters under the Hood
Authors: Rao Maithili 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The emotional wellbeing that sisterhood fosters in women is acknowledged by psychologists. However, it doesn’t get the screen space that bromance does in mainstream cinema. A few significant films centre the narrative on female bonding to redress this imbalance. Dor (2006) knits the lives of two dissimilar women, Zeenat a confident teacher from Himachal and young widow Meera in Rajasthan. Friendship helps them find the generosity to transcend a tragic conflict. Lipstick under My Burkha (2016) tells the stories of four women who share the same haveli in old Bhopal, a city which epitomizes the cultural flux of the millennium. Sisterhood becomes the shared empathetic space between the women as they catch their breath, beaten but not defeated. Angry Indian Goddesses (2105) is India’s first female buddy film about the lives of seven different women, exploring the dynamics of friendships. The reunion goes beyond the usual revelations, confessions, disappointments, love and lust to confront patriarchy over rape and victim shaming. Fighting patriarchal power unifies three women in Parched (2015). They battle their grim circumstances in a Rajasthan village and finally leave together to find a new life of dignity. But it is in the classic Mirch Masala (1987) where sisterhood is powerfully expressed as a collective spirit of defiance. The victorious dance of women power is magical.
Divided States, Shared Songs
Authors: De Aniket 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Partition of 1947 was an unexpected event that ruptured the older social relations and spaces of Malda, and resulted in many Muslim Gambhira performers to leave English Bazar (now in India) for Chapai Nawabganj (in Pakistan). The most important among them was Muhammad Sufi, alias Sufi Master, who created a new Gambhira in East Pakistan, substituting Shiva and the peasants with the grandfather-grandson (nana-nati) pair. This chapter delves into the context and meanings of Sufi’s new Gambhira in East Pakistan. Drawing an analytical distinction between ‘territory’ and ‘space’, it explores how the cultural space of Gambhira crossed the territorial border between the two new nation-states. It then examines how the nana-nati form of Gambhira came to emerge as a new national tradition after the birth of Bangladesh in 1971, patronised by the new Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Economies of Expression
Authors: De Aniket 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
After 1971, Gambhira followed two different trajectories on two sides of the border: in West Bengal, India, it remained a small-scale, locally-funded tradition, whereas in Bangladesh, private corporations (NGOs) began investing in it as a tool of mass communication. This chapter explores how the different political economies of West Bengal and Bangladesh have affected the political space of Gambhira. In Bangladesh, the NGOs have tended to threaten performers into silence, and have retaliated against performers who have expressed dissent. In West Bengal, while the state and the NGOs have hitherto been relatively less invested in the performance, the local gentlemanly elite of Malda continue to wield enough power over the cultural production of Gambhira. The contemporary global economy, therefore, has forced Gambhira performers to negotiate between their sustenance and their spaces of dissent.
Epilogue
Authors: De Aniket 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Despite all constraints by nation-states, Gambhira continues to be a space for voicing political grievances and imagining more ethical futures. The epilogue analyses how performers have recently used the performance to protest against India’s new citizenship law, and makes a case for studying performances elsewhere in the subcontinent as shared social spaces. The chapter ends with a performance held near the Indian border in Chapai Nawabganj, which imagines a future when the land of Gambhira will no longer be divided by a border.
Good Continuation, Closure, Requiredness, and Principled Lineations
Authors: Grosser Emmylou J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores the Gestalt principles of good continuation and closure and the concept of requiredness in biblical poetry, in relation to both structure and effects. Good continuation is the tendency for patterns to perpetuate themselves in the mental process of the perceiver. In verbal art, continuation is not simply repetition; it implies change within a continuous process. Closure in perception refers to the grouping together of stimuli that form a closed figure. In verbal art, closure occurs as expectations for the structure of the emerging whole are met, and closure itself creates the expectation of nothing more. Requiredness is the demand that one part of the perceptual field has on another. Biblical poetry exploits requiredness for structure and effects in symmetrical contexts and in other contexts of grammatical requiredness. The chapter closes with a discussion of how to move from Gestalt principles to principled lineations in biblical poetry.
Integration and Unintegrated Lines, Rhythm in Lamentations, and Line-Length Constraints
Authors: Grosser Emmylou J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 address three of the remaining issues in biblical poetry: unintegrated lines, the so-called qinah meter, and line lengths. First, it discusses the artistry of integration and unintegrated lines. Although biblical lines emerge in part-whole relationships of lines and line-groupings, this system of versification does not rule out the occurrence of single lines that are unintegrated in line-groupings, nor does it prevent integration at levels higher than the line-grouping, such as stanzas and entire poems. Second, this chapter argues that the book of Lamentations, which has long been used as the prime example of qinah meter in biblical poetry, is not metrical. Rather, both the line structure and effects of its laments are best accounted for by the very same constraints of part-whole grouping that account for the rest of biblical free-rhythm poetry. Third, this chapter addresses how short or long lines can be in biblical poetry in connection with the constraints of Gestalt perception and immediate memory.
Introduction
Authors: Stewart Peter , Anderson Christina M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This introduction considers the history and definitions of connoisseurship, suggesting how the concept can be applied beyond Western art history and the humanities. It begins by reviewing the term connoisseurship and its European history as background for the book’s studies of connoisseurship in nineteenth- to twenty-first-century Europe, China, and the Americas. Starting in the Western art world—the usual focus of connoisseurship studies—the book moves to include connoisseurship in other settings, with sociological studies rubbing shoulders with historical discussions. The intent and hope is that this combination of diverse studies will challenge assumptions while reinforcing some of the common, recurring aspects of the connoisseurial approach, in surprising ways.
The Scientific Approach to Collecting
Authors: Jankowski Lyce 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The nineteenth century was an interesting period for numismatics in China: a hundred scholars actively collected coins at that time, major collectors engaged in research, and in consequence fifty books or essays were published on the subject. The numismatists of that time developed a scientific approach to a scholar’s hobby, coin collecting. Their work was greatly influenced by the kaozhengxue movement—a textual criticism approach developed in China in the second half of the seventeenth century. Ancient texts were no longer considered a source of truth: the authenticity of any text had to be checked by dating it and tracking any change or later addition. This search for evidence spread to philology, historiography, and epigraphy in the second half of eighteenth century. Objects became the real primary sources for understanding the past. This chapter explores the profound influence of Kaozhengxue on numismatic studies.
Connoisseurs, Scientists, and the Mineral Kingdom
Authors: Price Monica , Rumsey Mike 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Minerals, naturally formed inorganic chemical elements and compounds, are created by diverse geological processes and, under favorable conditions, form exquisite crystals and striking assemblages within the rocks of the Earth. These are collectors’ pieces. Traditionally, mineral specimens are products or by-products of mining and quarrying industries, so supply is governed as much by economic climate, consumer demand, and political factors as by the intrinsic rarity or otherwise of a particular mineral species. A market exists for aesthetically fine and rare “natural” mineral specimens, both newly extracted from the earth and passed on second hand, perhaps from previous collections of note. It is largely the preserve of enthusiasts and more recently investors and, like that of the art world, the market is international in scope, featuring specialist dealers, connoisseur collectors, large sums of money, auctions, museum exhibitions, and forgeries. This chapter looks at the interfaces between scientists, mineral collectors, and curators.
Wilhelm von Bode’s Technical Art History
Authors: Hayes Matthew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Technical studies have become an essential part of art conservation and connoisseurship, and a spectrum of tools can now be deployed to illuminate authorship, authenticity, and artist’s working method. Though the scientific investigation of works of art has a long history dating at least to the Enlightenment, the application of forensic methods only became routine around the turn of the last century. This chapter recalls that moment through one legendary case: the wax bust of Flora attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, acquired by the Berlin museums in 1909. It examines the pivotal role of the museum director, art historian, and connoisseur, Wilhelm von Bode, and the unprecedented contribution of scientific studies in attempt to resolve questions of age and attribution. Aside from its historical interest, the episode illustrates the merits and challenges of employing material analysis to resolve authenticity questions that persist into the present.
Connoisseur Consumer and Specialty Coffee
Authors: Quintão Ronan Torres 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the connoisseurs and consumption practices of specialty coffee and is based on an ethnographic study in high-end independent coffee shops in the United States, Canada, and Brazil from 2013 to 2016. A connoisseur consumer has a distinct consumption knowledge, unlike other consumers, on account of his or her expertise or taste in the marketplace. Connoisseur consumers have different values and consumption practices from those that characterize mass consumption. They achieve status by inverting mainstream values supported by popular culture. In recent years objects previously outside the realm of connoisseurship have been drawn into it (e.g., in the rise of specialty coffees such as those at Starbucks). On the other hand, many objects previously located squarely within the realm of connoisseurship have been democratized (just as the demystification of a wine makes it more popular). This chapter examines the subject of serious leisure pursuits, professionalization of coffee connoisseurship, and the behavior of the connoisseurship consumption community.
Introduction
Authors: Dixon Marion W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces both Egypt’s corporate agri-food system and the corporate food regime, or global food economy, of which it is a part. The book’s main methodology is to connect the country’s agriculture and food changes structurally and dynamically to global forces and institutions. Why does the development and growth of a corporate agri-food system matter? The introduction begins to answer this question: the system is both cause and effect of rising economic inequality, food insecurity, political instability, and public health crises. The book’s thesis is that the country’s corporate agri-food system depended on a commodity frontier of reclaimed lands. Commodity frontiers of reclaimed lands as well as family business groups and finance are three combined social formations of Egypt’s uneven integration into the world economy during the two periods of globalization (c. 1780–1914 and c. 1980–2012). The mix-methods research conducted and the plan of the book are summarized.
The Dual Character of the Corporate Agri-food System
Authors: Dixon Marion W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 is devoted to explaining the dual character of the corporate agri-food system: the formal agri-food industry and the informal agri-food sector of independent proprietors. It focuses on how both national consumption habits have changed (toward foods/drinks high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and sodium) and what the majority of agriculturalists grow has changed (toward animal feed and animal-based protein as well as processing vegetables). National dietary changes have contributed to the rise in overweight/obesity as well as chronic diseases during the past three decades. Two corporate food chains are highlighted to show how smallholders have changed what they grow through largely informal arrangements with corporate food: raw milk processing and potato processing. These corporate and livelihood strategies are framed within a broader process of land politicization, involving political struggles over agricultural land since the 1990s.
Land Reclamation in the Longue Durée
Authors: Dixon Marion W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 details how land reclamation became a commodity frontier in the longue durée, over a long period of time during which the point and purpose of reclamation changed slowly and unevenly but distinctly. There are two pillars of this type of frontier, one that long proceeded the capitalist mode of production and one that is unique to historical capitalism. The first pillar is of the state incentivizing private entities or individual men to reclaim the land. The second pillar is of the grantee transforming the land so that it is suitable for the extraction and/or production and sale of commodities that brings a return on investment. This chapter shows that during the development and growth of a capitalist world system, since the late medieval period, the type of land brought into the circuit of capital through reclamation continually expanded—from coastal and riverine lands to hilltops to drylands.
Biosecurity and the Ending of Frontiers?
Authors: Dixon Marion W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 8 shows how the third frontier in modern Egypt—the desert frontier—is part of a broader process of biosecuratization, of more clearly delineating zones of production to protect them from agricultural pests and other threats to production. Threats to commercial agriculture and to public health have multiplied as globally transmitted pathogens grow and become more virulent. In response, there have been two constitutive movements: the spread of industrial agriculture from the Northern temperate zone to Southern regions on a worldwide scale, and the movement of industrial horticulture (fruits and vegetables) and industrial poultry from existing agricultural lands into the expanding desert frontier in Egypt. The argument is that the corporate agri-food system in Egypt grew and consolidated through emergent and recurrent zoonotic and plant diseases. This argument is substantiated by detailing the organization and on-farm practice of industrial horticulture and industrial poultry in the desert frontier.