bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An inventory of adjuvants used for vaccination in horses: the past, the present and the future
Authors: Carnet Flora , Perrin-Cocon Laure , Paillot Romain , Lotteau Vincent , Pronost Stéphane , Vidalain Pierre-Olivier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVaccination is one of the most widely used strategies to protect horses against pathogens. However, available equine vaccines often have limitations, as they do not always provide effective, long-term protection and booster injections are often required. In addition, research efforts are needed to develop effective vaccines against emerging equine pathogens. In this review, we provide an inventory of approved adjuvants for equine vaccines worldwide, and discuss their composition and mode of action when available. A wide range of adjuvants are used in marketed vaccines for horses, the main families being aluminium salts, emulsions, polymers, saponins and ISCOMs. We also present veterinary adjuvants that are already used for vaccination in other species and are currently evaluated in horses to improve equine vaccination and to meet the expected level of protection against pathogens in the equine industry. Finally, we discuss new adjuvants such as liposomes, polylactic acid polymers, inulin, poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles and co-polymers that are in development. Our objective is to help professionals in the horse industry understand the composition of marketed equine vaccines in a context of mistrust towards vaccines. Besides, this review provides researchers with a list of adjuvants, either approved or at least evaluated in horses, that could be used either alone or in combination to develop new vaccines.
The effect of internal forced displacement on small and medium enterprises in the host community, in case of Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Dagnachew Tefera Getachew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEthiopia is highly challenged by the growing ethnicity-based conflict and large numbers of people are forcibly displaced from their origin. This study examines the effect of growing internal forced displacements on small and medium enterprises in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. The study used firm-level data for the years between 2015 and 2021. To analyze the effect of IDPs, the study used a panel-instrumental approach. The estimated result finds that large forced IDPs affect enterprises' production. Small enterprises are highly affected by IDPs compared to medium enterprises, and this is due to the greater influence of the informal sector on small enterprises.
Prevention of radiotherapy-related oral mucositis with zinc and polyherbal mouthwash: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sahebnasagh Marzieh , Aksi Vahideh , Eslami Fatemeh , Lashkardoost Hossein , Kasaian Jamal , Golmohammadzadeh Shiva , Parkam Bahareh , Negarandeh Reza , Saghafi Fatemeh , Sahebnasagh Adeleh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
A significant percentage of head and neck cancer (HNCs) patients receiving RT experience oral mucositis (OM). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the polyherbal (containing chamomile, peppermint oil, Aloe vera, and honey) and zinc mouthwashes in comparison to the control (chlorhexidine) and placebo groups for prevention of radiation-induced OM.

Methods
This study was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, conducted on 67 patients with HNCs undergoing radiotherapy. The eligible participants were randomized to receive either one of the following; zinc sulfate, polyherbal, chlorhexidine (Vi-one 0.2% CHX), or placebo mouthwash for 6 weeks. Follow-up evaluation of oral hygiene and the checklists of OM and the intensity of pain were filled out according to WHO assessment tool, Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in all the participants weekly for seven consecutive weeks.

Results
The results of present clinical trial demonstrated that the use of either zinc sulfate or polyherbal mouthwash significantly reduced the scores of OM and the severity of pain during weeks 2 to 7 after consumption compared with the CHX or placebo mouthwashes (P < 0.05). According to the post hoc analysis and compared with the placebo, a significantly better result was reported for zinc sulfate and polyherbal mouthwashes at weeks 2 to 7, but not for the CHX mouthwash.

Conclusion
This study showed that the use of zinc sulfate or polyherbal mouthwashes is effective in prevention of both OM severity scores and pain related to OM intensity at weeks 2 to 7 following consumption in HNCs patients.
Trial registration IRCT20190123042475N1 and IRCT20190123042475N2. Registration date: 2019-06-09, 2019-07-26.
Development and psychometric study of the scale of the positive relationship PRIM + 19 in peruvian university students
Authors: Vilca Lindsey W. , Aquino-Hidalgo Jannia M. , Esteban-Brañes Jhaleri , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Positive relationships are one of the most important components within the PERMA model since they facilitate the development of the other components. However, in the scientific literature, few instruments have been identified with solid psychometric properties that measure positive relationships in university students and adequately represent the construct. Therefore, the study aims to develop and study the psychometric properties of the PRI + 19 positive relationships scale through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, factorial invariance, and relationship-based validity with other variables.

Method
A pilot sample of 201 university students (43.8% men and 56.2 women) between the ages of 18 and 34 (M = 20.9; SD = 2.74) was collected. The confirmatory sample consisted of 450 university students of both sexes (30.2% men and 69.8 women) between the ages of 18 and 35 years (M = 21.9; SD = 3.15). Along with the PRI + scale, other instruments were applied to measure satisfaction with life and psychological well-being.

Results
In the pilot study, the Exploratory Factor Analysis showed the presence of three factors that could explain 54.5% of the items. In the confirmatory study, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the model of three dimensions related to 19 items presents the best adjustment indexes compared to other models (χ2 = 541.61; df = 149; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.077 [IC90% 0.070 ‒ 0.084]). The scale also showed evidence of being strictly invariant for the groups of men and women. Finally, it was shown that the development of the positive bonds dimension positively predicts psychological well-being (0.35) and life satisfaction (0.20). The positive relationship management dimension positively predicts psychological well-being (0.28) and life satisfaction (0.29). Similarly, the integration dimension positively predicts psychological well-being (0.48) and life satisfaction (0.52).

Conclusion
This study suggests that the PRIM + 19 scale is a useful tool from which valid and reliable interpretations of positive relationships in Peruvian university students can be obtained.
Patient experiences with patient-reported outcome measures: an interview study of patients undergoing total hip– and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Mikkelsen Laura Bjerg , Wedderkopp Niels , Mose Louise Schlosser 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Internationally, patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly applied in clinical settings to patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Current literature does not provide an understanding of the patient experience with these tools, as remarkably few studies are published investigating patient perspectives on completing PROMs. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate patient experiences, perspectives, and understanding with usage of PROMs for total hip and total knee arthroplasty in a Danish orthopedic clinic.

Methods
Patients who were scheduled for, or recently had, a THA or TKA for primary osteoarthritis were recruited to participate in individual interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis was based on qualitative content analysis.

Results
In total, 33 adult patients (18 female) were interviewed. Average age was 70.15 (range 52–86). The following themes were derived from the analysis: a) motivation and demotivation for completion, b) to complete a PROM questionnaire, c) environment for completion, and d) suggestions for use of PROMs.

Conclusion
The majority of participants scheduled for TKA/THA were not fully aware of the purpose of completing PROMs. Motivation to do so arose from a desire to help others. Demotivation was affected by inabilities to use electronic technology. In terms of completing PROMs, participants expressed varied ease of use, and some perceived technical challenges. The participants expressed satisfaction with the flexibility of completing PROMs in outpatient clinics or at home; nevertheless, some did not manage completion on their own. Help was of great importance for completion, especially for participants with limited electronic capabilities.
Characteristic changes of the palatal rugae following orthodontic treatment
Authors: Ziar Nazanin , Pakshir Hamid Reza , Alamdarloo Yasaman , Ajami Shabnam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Because of the individuality of the palatal rugae, they are applicable for human identification purposes the same as the fingerprints. Therefore, it is important to assess the effect of different factors on rugae characteristics. We assessed the characteristic changes of the palatal rugae following extraction and expansion during orthodontic treatments. Before and after orthodontic treatment dental casts of 30 patients were scanned by 3Shape Trios 3D intraoral scanner, and superimposed in Geomagic X 2018 software. Displacement of 13 reference points was analyzed in three dimensions. The length of the palatal rugae was also measured. SPSS version 22.0 was applied for data analysis, using independent t test, sample t test, and chi-square test.

Results
The alterations in the mean palatal rugae length were significant in the first right and third right ridges after extraction, and right and left second ridges after expansion treatment (P < 0.05). Changes in coordinates in the X, Y, and Z axes were significant at 8 points on the rugae after extraction, and 5 points after expansion treatment (P < 0.05). The changes in the sum of means of displacements were significant at all 13 points after extraction and expansion treatments (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The palatal rugae do not remain stable during expansion and extraction orthodontic treatments. Some changes occurred in length, and the most medial and most lateral points on each ridge were displaced. The length of the incisive papilla did not change during treatment; thus, it can serve as a stable landmark. If we consider palatal rugae as an individual landmark, we can refer the patients after orthodontic treatment for scanning of their palatal rugae to document their post treatment pattern; but it should be noted that treatment relapse may change it again.
Isolation, molecular characterization of indigenous Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) isolate, using ITS-5.8s rDNA region, and its efficacy against the Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Shanker Ravi , Prajapati Malyaj R. , Singh Reetesh Pratap , Singh Rajendra , Singh Jitender , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
As a biological control agent, entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) can give an alternative to high-risk pesticides. Metarhizium anisopliae is one of the most promising pest controls EPF in the worldwide.

Result
On fungi-specific selective media, the EPF isolate SVPUAT was isolated from Western Uttar Pradesh, India. The isolate was identified as M. anisopliae (GenBank accession no. OP962431) after molecular screening utilizing PCR amplification with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region primer. In a contact toxicity experiment, the isolate SVPUAT was tested against the 4th instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at concentrations ranging from 103 to 1010 spores ml−1. The lethal time LT50 and LT90 values for the 4th instar larvae of H. armigera injected with 1 × 1010 spores ml−1 were 3.46 and 5.54 days, respectively.

Conclusions
The present M. anisopliae isolate SVPUAT was identified using the ITS-5.8s rDNA region from GenBank and has showed significant pathogenicity to H. armigera. More research is needed to prove the efficacy against various pests of economic important as a legitimate choice for an integrated pest management program.
Trends and innovations in the formulation of plant-based foods
Authors: Tachie Christabel , Nwachukwu Ifeanyi D. , Aryee Alberta N. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobally, the production, distribution, sale and consumption of plant-based foods (PBFs) are on the increase due to heightened consumer awareness, a growing demand for clean label products, widespread efforts to promote and embrace sustainable practices, and ethical concerns over animal-derived counterparts. This has led to the exploration of several strategies by researchers and the food industry to develop alternative milk, cheese, meat, and egg products from various plant-based sources using technologies such as precision fermentation (PF), scaffolding, extrusion, and muscle fibre simulation. This work explores current alternative protein sources and PBFs, production trends, innovations in formulation, nutritional quality, as well as challenges restricting full utilization and other limitations. However, PBFs have several limitations which constrain their acceptance, including the beany flavour of legumes, concerns about genetically modified foods, cost, nutritional inadequacies associated micronutrient deficiencies, absence of safety regulations, and the addition of ingredients that are contrary to their intended health-promoting purpose. The review concludes that investing in the development of PBFs now, has the potential to facilitate a rapid shift to large scale consumption of sustainable and healthy diets in the near future.
Graphical Abstract
Improving diagnosis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis in persons with type 2 diabetes: development of a complex intervention
Authors: King Lauren K. , Ivers Noah M. , Waugh Esther J. , MacKay Crystal , Stanaitis Ian , Krystia Owen , Stretton Jane , Wong Sim , Weisman Alanna , Bardai Zahra , Ross Susan , Brady Shawn , Shloush Marlee , Stier Tara , Gakhal Natasha , Agarwal Payal , Parsons Janet , Lipscombe Lorraine , Hawker Gillian A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSymptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) commonly co-occurs in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and increases the risk for diabetes complications, yet uptake of evidence-based treatment is low. We combined theory, stakeholder involvement and existing evidence to develop a multifaceted intervention to improve OA care in persons with T2DM. This was done in partnership with Arthritis Society Canada to leverage the existing infrastructure and provincial funding for community arthritis care.MethodsEach step was informed by a User Advisory Panel of stakeholder representatives, including persons with lived experience. First, we identified the target groups and behaviours through consulting stakeholders and current literature. Second, we interviewed persons living with T2DM and knee OA (n = 18), health professionals (HPs) who treat people with T2DM (n = 18) and arthritis therapists (ATs,n = 18) to identify the determinants of seeking and engaging in OA care (patients), assessing and treating OA (HPs) and considering T2DM in OA treatment (ATs), using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). We mapped the content to behavioural change techniques (BCTs) to identify the potential intervention components. Third, we conducted stakeholder meetings to ascertain the acceptability and feasibility of intervention components, including content and modes of delivery. Fourth, we selected intervention components informed by prior steps and constructed a programme theory to inform the implementation of the intervention and its evaluation.ResultsWe identified the barriers and enablers to target behaviours across a number of TDF domains. All stakeholders identified insufficient access to resources to support OA care in people with T2DM. Core intervention components, incorporating a range of BCTs at the patient, HP and AT level, sought to identify persons with knee OA within T2DM care and refer to Arthritis Society Canada for delivery of evidence-based longitudinal OA management. Diverse stakeholder input throughout development allowed the co-creation of an intervention that appears feasible and acceptable to target users.ConclusionsWe integrated theory, evidence and stakeholder involvement to develop a multifaceted intervention to increase the identification of knee OA in persons with T2DM within diabetes care and improve the uptake and engagement in evidence-based OA management. Our partnership with Arthritis Society Canada supports future spread, scalability and sustainability. We will formally assess the intervention feasibility in a randomized pilot trial.
Underutilized wild edible fungi and their undervalued ecosystem services in Africa
Authors: Sileshi Gudeta W. , Tibuhwa Donatha D. , Mlambo Alec 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Edible fungi including wild mushrooms have been largely neglected and underutilized in Africa. Not only is the number of edible species unknown, but the critical role they play in human food and nutrition and the ecosystem services they provide have remained poorly understood and undervalued.

Methods
We reviewed the literature with the objective of providing a synthesis of knowledge on (1) the diversity of wild edible fungi of Africa with emphasis on mushrooms; (2) the ecosystem services provided by wild edible fungi; (3) anthropogenic threats to their diversity and utilization; and (4) opportunities for their conservation and cultivation.

Results
We identified a total of 480 species of wild edible mushrooms in 126 genera belonging to 60 fungal families across Africa. A total of, 249 species were mycorrhizal, 28 species were termitophilic and 203 species were saprophytic or parasitic. Wild edible mushrooms provide food that is high in digestible proteins, antioxidants and fibre but low in fats. They are also sources of income for rural populations. Almost all species play a role in nutrient recycling and hence the productivity of forests and agroecosystems. However, deforestation and land degradation are threatening the mushroom diversity in some regions of Africa.

Conclusion
The African continent is endowed with a tremendous diversity of neglected and underutilized edible wild mushrooms providing nutritious food for humans and playing a key role in the structure and functioning of native forests and woodlands. Deforestation and the loss of habitat are the greatest threats to edible wild species in Africa. The loss of indigenous knowledge can also potentially limit dietary choices and market opportunities. Therefore, we recommend national forestry research and development programs and international frameworks such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD +) to invest in the conservation, cultivation and valorisation of wild edible mushrooms to achieve sustainable forest management and the welfare of local communities.
The potential harms of sedentary behaviour on cardiometabolic health are mitigated in highly active adults: a compositional data analysis
Authors: Franssen Wouter M. A. , Jermei Jarne , Savelberg Hans H. C. M. , Eijnde Bert O. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Insufficient physical activity and sedentary behaviour (SB) are important factors that determine cardiometabolic health and the development of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the modifying effects of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on the association between SB and cardiometabolic health within highly active adults.

Methods
In a cross-sectional design, 61 (male/female: 41/20) highly trained adults (age: 33.6 ± 10.7 years; BMI: 22.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2) performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test from which indicators for peak performance were determined. Physical activity and SB were assessed using the activPAL3™ accelerometer. In addition, anthropometrics, blood pressure, plasma lipids and insulin sensitivity were assessed. These cross-sectional associations between a daily movement behaviour composition and cardiometabolic health parameters were investigated using a compositional data analysis approach.

Results
Participants spent 600 ± 86 min/day in SB and engaged in almost 1.5 h per day of MVPA. No association was found between SB and cardiometabolic health related variables, whereas MVPA (β = 8.07 ± 2.18; r2 = 0.544; p < 0.001) was only significantly associated with oxygen uptake, relative to all other remaining behaviours.

Conclusion
No associations were found between the time spent in SB and cardiometabolic health related outcomes, possibly due to the high amount of time spent in MVPA within highly active adults.
Trial registration: The present study was registered on the 14th of January 2022 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04711928).
Understanding the urgent and emergency care navigation work undertaken by people with cancer and their informal caregivers: a conceptually framed scoping review
Authors: Defty John , Wagland Richard , Richardson Alison 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
People with cancer frequently use urgent and emergency care. Reviews of research have focussed on the incidence and predictors of service use in this population, rather than how people make decisions about which service to access. Understanding what factors influence these choices will inform ways in which we might enable people with cancer to effectively access services.

Aims
(1) Describe research undertaken about choices made by people with cancer about routes to access urgent and emergency care; (2) characterise decisions made by patients and informal caregivers to use certain services, with specific reference to work involved in navigating access; and (3) identify research priorities.

Methods
Scoping review of qualitative and mixed methods studies. Electronic database searches (AMED, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo) and ‘berrypicking’ identified 18 papers. Study, participant, and service characteristics were mapped, and Turnbull et al.’s Model of Urgent Care Help-seeking informed a directed qualitative content analysis.

Results
Studies have involved people with advanced cancer to the relative exclusion of people with curable disease, receiving anticancer treatment, and who are multi-morbid. Six subcategories of navigation work were identified: (1) making decisions with, and seeking help from, specialists, (2) seeking safety, (3) positioning to access desired treatment, (4) negotiating tortuous pathways to help, (5) making decisions in collaboration with caregivers, and (6) managing isolation from services and social networks.

Conclusion
There are significant knowledge gaps and a need for more research, particularly studies of how different patient groups prepare for potential deterioration and make sense of systems of urgent and emergency care.
Two Cases of Thyroiditis in Adolescents Following COVID-19 Vaccinations
Authors: Chimatapu Sri Nikhita , Ferber Christopher J , Thambundit Apisadaporn , Okawa Erin R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of widespread vaccination strategies, there have been case reports in the adult literature suggesting an increase in thyroiditis after COVID-19 vaccination. We herein describe 2 children who presented with thyroiditis after COVID-19 vaccination. Two children who received Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines later developed symptoms of thyroid hyperactivity, had positive thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) levels and received treatment directed toward Graves disease. Our case series is the first to demonstrate Graves disease after COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population. Given this possibility, it is important for pediatricians to be watchful for symptoms of thyroiditis post vaccination to prevent treatment delays.