bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and Sexual Health-Related Knowledge Gaps and Educational Needs of Parents of Transgender and Non-Binary Youth
Authors: Kantor Lane Z. , Tordoff Diana M. , Haley Samantha G. , Crouch Julia M. , Ahrens Kym R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParents can have a substantial impact on adolescent sexual decision-making, but few studies have explored the role of parents in providing sexual health information to transgender and non-binary (TNB) youth, a population that experiences significant sexual and mental health disparities and lower levels of perceived family support compared with other youth. This study aimed to elucidate existing knowledge gaps and content deemed important for a sexual health curriculum and educational materials for parents of TNB youth. We conducted 21 qualitative interviews with five parents of TNB youth, 11 TNB youth aged 18+, and five healthcare affiliates to identify parents’ educational needs. We analyzed the data using theoretical thematic analysis and consensus coding. Parents self-reported multiple knowledge deficits regarding gender/sexual health for TNB individuals and were primarily concerned with long-term impacts of medical interventions. Youth goals for parents included greater understanding of gender/sexuality and sufficient knowledge to support youth through social transition to their affirmed gender identity. Content areas suggested for a future curriculum for parents of TNB youth included: basics of gender/sexuality, diverse narratives of TNB experiences/identities, gender dysphoria, non-medical gender-affirming interventions, medical gender-affirming interventions, and resources for peer support. Parents desired access to accurate information and wanted to feel equipped to facilitate affirming conversations with their child, something that could combat health disparities among TNB youth. An educational curriculum for parents has the potential to provide a trusted information source, expose parents to positive representations of TNB individuals, and help parents support their TNB child through decisions about potential gender-affirming interventions.
The Contribution of Attentional Bias to Negative Information to Social Anxiety-Linked Heightened State Anxiety During a Social Event
Authors: Grafton Ben , Long Christian , MacLeod Colin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
It has been proposed that people with high compared to low trait social anxiety pay greater attention to negative information concerning upcoming social events, and that such attentional bias drives the disproportionately elevated levels of state anxiety they exhibit in response to these events. These two hypotheses have not yet been adequately tested.

Method
We recruited participants who were high or low in trait social anxiety. Participants completed a mock job interview, and reported their state anxiety during this experience. Prior attentional bias to negative, relative to benign, information concerning this event was assessed using a variant of the dual probe approach, in which participants were exposed to dual videos, each comprising two video clips of people who had completed the mock job interview, discussing either negative or benign aspects of this experience.

Results
High compared to low trait social anxiety participants displayed higher attentional bias to negative social information, and this bias mediated the association between elevated trait social anxiety and heightened state anxiety experienced during the mock job interview.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that elevated trait social anxiety is characterized by an attentional bias to negative, relative to benign, information concerning an upcoming social event, and that this attentional bias statistically predicts the disproportionately elevated state anxiety that people with high trait social anxiety experience during such an event.
Reducing Violent Discipline by Teachers: a Matched Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Tanzanian Public Primary Schools
Authors: Masath Faustine Bwire , Mattonet Katharina , Hermenau Katharin , Nkuba Mabula , Hecker Tobias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractViolent discipline in schools infringes on children’s rights and is associated with harmful developmental consequences for students. This calls for effective intervention programs, particularly in countries with high prevalence of violent discipline in schools. This study tested the effectiveness of the preventative intervention Interaction Competencies with Children—for Teachers (ICC-T) in reducing violent discipline by teachers in a two-arm matched cluster-randomized controlled trial. The sample comprised teachers (n = 173, 53.7% female) and students (n = 914, 50.5% girls) from 12 public primary schools from six regions in Tanzania. Teacher physical and emotional violent discipline reported by teachers and students was assessed before and six to eight and a half months after the intervention. The schools were randomly allocated to either intervention (6; ICC-T) or control condition (6; no intervention). Teachers were not blinded. Students and research assistants conducting the follow-up assessment were blinded. A series of multivariate multilevel models revealed significant time*intervention effects on physical violent discipline reported by teachers and students and teachers’ favorable attitudes towards physical violent discipline, FDRs < .05. In addition, we found a spill-over effect on peer-to-peer violence and students’ externalizing, ps < .05. There were no significant time*intervention effects either on emotional violent discipline, FDRs > .05, teachers’ favorable attitudes towards emotional violent discipline or on student’s internalizing problems and academic performance, ps > .05. Our results provide further evidence that ICC-T may positively change teachers’ violent disciplining behavior and their attitudes towards violent discipline. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03893851.
A systematic review of health state utility values and psychometric performance of generic preference-based instruments for children and adolescents with mental health problems
Authors: Thai Thao T. H. , Engel Lidia , Perez Joahna Kevin , Tan Eng Joo , Eades Sandra , Sanci Lena , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aims
This paper aims to systematically identify reported health state utility values (HSUVs) in children and adolescents with mental health problems (MHPs) aged less than 25 years; to summarise the techniques used to elicit HSUVs; and to examine the psychometric performance of the identified multi-attribute utility instruments (MAUIs) used in this space.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies published in English, reporting HSUVs for children and adolescents with MHPs using direct or indirect valuation methods were searched in six databases.

Results
We found 38 studies reporting HSUVs for 12 types of MHPs across 12 countries between 2005 and October 2021. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression are the most explored MHPs. Disruptive Behaviour Disorder was associated with the lowest reported HSUVs of 0.06 while cannabis use disorder was associated with the highest HSUVs of 0.88. Indirect valuation method through the use of MAUIs (95% of included studies) was the most frequently used approach, while direct valuation methods (Standard Gamble, Time Trade-Off) were only used to derive HSUVs in ADHD. This review found limited evidence of the psychometric performance of MAUIs used in children and adolescents with MHPs.

Conclusion
This review provides an overview of HSUVs of various MHPs, the current practice to generate HSUVs, and the psychometric performance of MAUIs used in children and adolescents with MHPs. It highlights the need for more rigorous and extensive psychometric assessments to produce evidence on the suitability of MAUIs used in this area.
Don’t be deceived: bald-faced lies are deceitful assertions
Authors: Rudnicki Jakub , Odrowąż-Sypniewska Joanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe traditional conception of lying, according to which to lie is to make an assertion with an intention to deceive the hearer, has recently been put under pressure by the phenomenon of bald-faced lies i.e. utterances thatprima facielook like lies but because of their blatancy allegedly lack the accompanying intention to deceive. In this paper we propose an intuitive way of reconciling the phenomenon of bald-faced lies with the traditional conception by suggesting that the existing analyses of the phenomenon overlook a non-obvious category of hearers whom the speakers of bald-faced lies intend to deceive. Those hearers are institutions represented by the people involved, such as courts or secret police. We also criticize two recent rival accounts (Jessica Keiser’s and Daniel Harris’s) that attempt to save the traditional conception by saying that some bald-faced lies are not assertions, because they are conventional—rather than illocutionary—speech acts.
Compassion and envy in distributional comparisons
Authors: Palmisano Flaviana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNormative-based distributional comparisons across countries and over time build upon the assumption that individuals are selfish. However, there is a consolidated evidence that individuals also care about what others have. In this paper, we propose a framework for comparing and ranking distributions that includes non-individualistic possibilities. Specifically, we consider ranking criteria that account, in one case, for the feeling of compassion and, in the other case, for the feeling of envy. These feelings are generated respectively by those having lower resources and those having higher resources. We illustrate our framework using CNEF data for Australia, Korea, Germany, Switzerland, and the US and show that accounting for the presence of compassion and envy might lead to different welfare rankings.
Alleviating the toxic effects of Cd and Co on the seed germination and seedling biochemistry of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using Azolla pinnata
Authors: Shedeed Zeinab A. , Farahat Emad A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
One of the most significant environmental challenges in the twenty-first century is heavy metal pollution. The potential use of fresh Azolla pinnata to alleviate the toxic effects of Cd and Co on the germination measurements of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) and the biochemistry of seedlings was studied. Two concentrations (80 and 100 mg L−1 solutions) of CdNO3 and CoCl2 were used before and after treatment with A. pinnata. The highest removal efficiency (RE) by A. pinnata was obtained on the fifth day, with a Cd RE = 55.9 and 49.9% at 80 and 100 mg L−1, respectively. Cadmium and cobalt solutions reduced the germination percentage, and the measured variables of wheat seeds meanwhile increased the radicle phytotoxicity. In contrast, the presence of A. pinnata in the germination medium increased all the measured variables and decreased radicle phytotoxicity. At 80 and 100 mg L−1, Cd significantly reduced the fresh and dry biomass, and height of wheat seedlings after 21 days of cultivation compared to Co. Cadmium and high concentrations of cobalt increased the contents of H2O2, proline, MDA, phenolic, and flavonoid compounds. The application of treated Cd and Co solutions by A. pinnata showed a decrease in H2O2, proline, phenolic, and flavonoid compounds levels accompanied by a reduction in catalase and peroxidase activities compared to the control. This study showed the positive role of A. pinnata in alleviating the metal impacts, particularly Cd, on the seedling growth of wheat and its germination.
Environmental assessment of design choices of green walls based for materials combination and plants
Authors: Reyhani Milad , Santolini Enrica , Tassinari Patrizia , Torreggiani Daniele 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Green infrastructures have been considered as a sustainable solution to deal with the problems in dense urban spaces. This acceptance has led to the use of various materials and methods in designing and producing green infrastructures. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the components and materials used in the green walls system. By determining the environmental impact of each element, it can be replaced with another component with the same function. This approach ultimately leads to the sustainable design of systems.

Methods
Accordingly, two green wall systems were selected for the environmental assessment using the life cycle assessment method. Data related to all processes and components involved in each system are reviewed for a 10-year lifespan. For each system, eight different scenarios of component composition are considered. The functional unit is 1 square meter and the ILCD method is used to evaluate the impact of the life cycle. OpenLCA software and Ecoinvent® v3.7 database are used to model and analyze all 16 scenarios.

Results
The results clearly show that the components and materials used in the production and construction of the green wall system have a very high impact on the environmental performance of these systems. A better design can be achieved by doing an environmental assessment, identifying the undesirable components in the system, and replacing them. Different scenarios' results show the potential to improve the environmental performance of systems in all impact categories. This highlights the great importance of the green wall system's design, material selection and maintenance methods.

Conclusions
Considering the ability of the LCA method to identify the weak and strong points of the systems, the lack of using this method in the design phase is strongly sensed. With this method's help, it is possible to produce more sustainable systems. On the other hand, the studies conducted in the field of green walls are limited compared to other green infrastructures. At the same time, the design of the green wall system can be changed based on geographical location, weather conditions, access to raw materials and consumer needs. As the number of studies on these systems increases in different places and weather conditions, it can help the stability of these systems.
Autoregulation of Transcription and Translation: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Murray Philip J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe regulation of both mRNA transcription and translation by down-stream gene products allows for a range of rich dynamical behaviours (e.g. homeostatic, oscillatory, excitability and intermittent solutions). Here, qualitative analysis is applied to an existing model of a gene regulatory network in which a protein dimer inhibits its own transcription and upregulates its own translation rate. It is demonstrated that the model possesses a unique steady state, conditions are derived under which limit cycle solutions arise and estimates are provided for the oscillator period in the limiting case of a relaxation oscillator. The analysis demonstrates that oscillations can arise only if mRNA is more stable than protein and the effect of nonlinear translation inhibition is sufficiently strong. Moreover, it is shown that the oscillation period can vary non-monotonically with transcription rate. Thus the proposed framework can provide an explanation for observed species-specific dependency of segmentation clock period on Notch signalling activity. Finally, this study facilitates the application of the proposed model to more general biological settings where post transcriptional regulation effects are likely important.
An investigation of camera movements and capture techniques on optical flow for real-time rendering and presentation
Authors: Modi Nishant , Ramakrishna M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNew and interesting uses for portable devices include the creation and viewing of 3D models and 360-degree photos of real landscapes. To provide a 3D model and a 360-degree view of a scenario, these apps search for real-time rendering and presentation. This study examines the impact of real-time image processing on movements in camera view and the application of optical flow algorithms. The optical flows are affected by how the objects involved motion. The way the image is recorded and the camera movements affect the relative motion. As a consequence, camera motions are responsive to optical flow algorithms. To record an image, the camera may pan around, move in a straight path, or move randomly. We have captured datasets of videos produced in different contexts to better replicate real-world scenarios. Each dataset was captured in a variety of illumination situations, camera movements, and indoor and outdoor recording sites. Here, to determine the most effective optical flow algorithms for use in near real-time applications, such as augmented reality and virtual reality, we compare results based on quality and processing delay for each video frame. We conducted a comparison study to better understand how random camera motion affects real-time video processing. These methods can be used to handle a variety of real-world issues, such as object tracking, video segmentation, structure from motion, gesture tracking, and so on.
Assessing the subsistence strategies of the earliest North African inhabitants: evidence from the Early Pleistocene site of Ain Boucherit (Algeria)
Authors: Cáceres Isabel , Chelli Cheheb Razika , van der Made Jan , Harichane Zoheir , Boulaghraief Kamel , Sahnouni Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe archaeological data on the earliest hominin behavioral subsistence activities in North Africa are derived primarily from the Early Pleistocene site of Ain Boucherit (northeastern Algeria). Ain Boucherit consists of two archaeological layers, Ain Boucherit Upper (AB-Up) and Ain Boucherit Lower (AB-Lw), estimated to ~ 1.9 Ma and ~ 2.4 Ma, respectively. Cutmarked and hammerstone percussed bones associated with Oldowan stone tools were found in both layers, with AB-Lw yielding the oldest in North Africa. The faunal assemblages from both deposits are dominated by small-sized bovids and equids. Evidence of cutmarks and percussion marks in both assemblages shows that hominins exploited animal carcasses, involving skinning, evisceration and defleshing activities. The evidence of meat and marrow acquisition is more abundant at AB-Lw with carnivore activity being scarce. However, the AB-Up assemblage shows more carnivore damage and less hominin-induced tool marks. Ain Boucherit evidence, is similar, in type and chronology, to that provided by the Early Pleistocene sites in East Africa (e.g., the Gona sites), where the oldest evidence of stone tools used in faunal exploitation have been discovered. This paper reports on the ability of early North African Oldowans to compete successfully for accessing animal resources with other predators.
Holt–Winters method for run-off triangles in claims reserving
Authors: Cipra Tomáš , Hendrych Radek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRun-off triangles present usual instruments for claims reserve predictions. The paper suggests a relatively simple method of such predictions based on the Holt–Winters recursive formulas modified for missing data. The technique explicitly calculates the corresponding prediction error grounded in the state space modeling and evaluates the claims reserving risk in this way. Empirical data examples enable us to compare the suggested approach with results published by other authors.
Design method of enhancing the tightness of a spiral wound gasket with PTFE filling
Authors: Adamek Konrad , Jaszak Przemysław 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper presents the experimental research results and numerical computations of two constructions of a spiral wound gasket with a PTFE filling. The first construction was a standard one in which the shape of the spiral’s windings in a cross section view resembles the shape of the letter ‘V.’ The second solution has an original, asymmetric shape of windings’ profile. Based on the vast experimental research tests, it was proved that the gasket with an asymmetric shape of windings is characterized with larger stiffness than the standard design, as well as increased tightness. Numerical calculations and a topography analysis of the contact surface of the gaskets showed that the asymmetric gasket under load is characterized with a larger effective contact surface when compared to the standard gasket. The gasket of an asymmetric construction can have a special application at small contact stress, which allows to avoid an excessive stress of flanges and bolts.
Literalität und Mehrsprachigkeit: Begriffsklärungen, Förderansätze und Forschungsbefunde
Authors: Busse Vera , Hardy Ilonca 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungLiterale Fähigkeiten des Lesens und Schreibens sind von zentraler Bedeutung für die Bildungsverläufe und gesellschaftliche Partizipation von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Im einführenden Beitrag zum Themenheft Literalität und Mehrsprachigkeit wird der Forschungsstand zur Entwicklung und Förderung literaler Fähigkeiten bei mehrsprachig aufwachsenden Kindern und Jugendlichen systematisch aufbereitet. Dabei wird Mehrsprachigkeit sowohl auf den individuellen Hintergrund von Lernenden bezogen als auch auf didaktische Ansätze zur Nutzung der Familiensprachen im Unterricht. Die Befunde weisen zwar auf vielversprechende Ansätze der Literalitätsförderung hin, zeigen aber auch, dass bei der systematischen Untersuchung von Wirkungen bei mehrsprachigen Lernenden noch Forschungslücken existieren und dass insbesondere die Einbindung von Familiensprachen als Ressource im Prozess des Lesens und Schreibens bislang noch nicht ausreichend untersucht ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigen sich die Aufsätze des Themenheftes mit dem Zusammenwirken individueller Lernendenvoraussetzungen und unterrichtlichen Arrangements.
Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is spread by rain splash from infected leaf litter in a semi-controlled experiment
Authors: Li Kevin , Hajian-Forooshani Zachary , Vandermeer John , Perfecto Ivette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe coffee leaf rust disease (CLR), caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is an economically significant phytopathogen of cultivated Coffea species. Since coffee plants with CLR drop their infected leaves, rain splash from infected leaf litter could be one way H. vastatrix spores are dispersed, but this mechanism has not been demonstrated. Here we experimentally verify that splash from leaf litter can lead to H. vastatrix dispersal and infection. In a semi-controlled experiment, we compared the infection rates of pairs of potted uninfected, susceptible C. arabica plants with leaf litter that was either infected with CLR (experimental treatment) or without CLR (control). Plants with CLR litter became infected sooner than control plants by a median difference of 2.5 weeks. On average, CLR litter treatment plants had 18% of their leaves infected, while control plants had 9% of leaves infected, though later patterns could reflect leaf turnover and reinfection. Future research should investigate the dynamics of leaf litter splash for CLR in the field. Possible management measures to limit the effect of splash from leaf litter could include planting cover crops or restoring natural groundcover, techniques known to provide additional benefits as understood in general practices of agroecology.