bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimony nanobelt asymmetric membranes for sodium ion battery
Authors: Williams Logan , DiCesare Jake , Sheppard Olivia , Jin Congrui , Chen Xiaobo , Wu Ji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, composite asymmetric membranes containing antimony (Sb) nanobelts are prepared via a straightforward phase inversion method in combination with post-pyrolysis treatment. Sb nanobelt asymmetric membranes demonstrate improved cyclability and specific capacity as the alloy anode of sodium ion battery compared to Sb nanobelt thin films without asymmetric porous structure. The unique structure can effectively accommodate the large volume expansion of Sb-based alloy anodes, prohibit the loss of fractured active materials, and aid in the formation of stable artificial solid electrolyte interphases as evidenced by an outstanding capacity retention of ∼98% in 130 cycles at 60 mA g−1. A specific capacity of ∼600 mAh g−1 is obtained at 15 mA g−1 (1/40C). When the current density is increased to 240 mA g−1, ∼80% capacity can be maintained (∼480 mAh g−1). The relations among phase inversion conditions, structures, compositions, and resultant electrochemical properties are revealed through comprehensive characterization.
Comparison of dual-energy CT with positron emission tomography for lung perfusion imaging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gaudreault Mathieu , Korte James , Bucknell Nicholas , Jackson Price , Sakyanun Pitchaya , McIntosh Lachlan , Woon Beverley , Buteau James P , Hofman Michael S , Mulcahy Tony , Kron Tomas , Siva Shankar , Hardcastle Nicholas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Functional lung avoidance (FLA) radiotherapy treatment aims to spare lung regions identified as functional from imaging. Perfusion contributes to lung function and can be measured from the determination of pulmonary blood volume (PBV). An advantageous alternative to the current determination of PBV from positron emission tomography (PET) may be from dual energy CT (DECT), due to shorter examination time and widespread availability. This study aims to determine the correlation between PBV determined from DECT and PET in the context of FLA radiotherapy. Approach. DECT and PET acquisitions at baseline of patients enrolled in the HI-FIVE clinical trial (ID: NCT03569072) were reviewed. Determination of PBV from PET imaging (

PBV

PET

), from DECT imaging generated from a commercial software (Syngo.via, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) with its lowest (

PBV

syngo

R
=
1

) and highest (

PBV

syngo

R
=
10

) smoothing level parameter value (R), and from a two-material decomposition (TMD) method (

PBV
TMD
L

) with variable median filter kernel size (L) were compared. Deformable image registration between DECT images and the CT component of the PET/CT was applied to PBV maps before resampling to the PET resolution. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r
s) between PBV determinations was calculated voxel-wise in lung subvolumes. Main results. Of this cohort of 19 patients, 17 had a DECT acquisition at baseline. PBV maps determined from the commercial software and the TMD method were very strongly correlated [r
s(

PBV

syngo

R
=
1

,

PBV

TMD

L
=
1

) = 0.94 ± 0.01 and r
s(

PBV

syngo

R
=
10

,

PBV

TMD

L
=
9

) = 0.94 ± 0.02].

PBV

PET

was strongly correlated with

PBV
TMD
L

[r
s(

PBV

PET

,

PBV

TMD

L
=
28

) = 0.67 ± 0.11]. Perfusion patterns differed along the posterior-anterior direction [r
s(

PBV

PET

,

PBV

TMD

L
=
28

) = 0.77 ± 0.13/0.57 ± 0.16 in the anterior/posterior region]. Significance. A strong correlation between DECT and PET determination of PBV was observed. Streak and smoothing effects in DECT and gravitational artefacts and misregistration in PET reduced the correlation posteriorly.
The role of field correlations on turbulent dissipation
Authors: Pouquet Annick 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear phenomena and turbulence are central to our understanding and modeling of the dynamics of fluids and plasmas, and yet they still resist analytical resolution in many instances. However, progress has been made recently, displaying a richness of phenomena, which was somewhat unexpected a few years back, such as double constant-flux cascades of the same invariant for both large and small scales, or the presence of non-Gaussian wings in large-scale fields, for fluids and plasmas. Here, I will concentrate on the direct measurement of the magnitude of dissipation and the evaluation of intermittency in a turbulent plasma using exact laws stemming from invariance principles and involving cross-correlation tensors with both the velocity and the magnetic fields. I will illustrate these points through scaling laws, together with data analysis from existing experiments, observations and numerical simulations. Finally, I will also briefly explore the possible implications for the validity and use of several modeling strategies.
3D printing shape memory polymer of laminated multi-component metamaterial towards optimization of auxetic and shape recovery behaviors
Authors: Liu Yuheng , Shu Dong-Wei , Lu Haibao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the development of multifunctional metamaterials, auxetic shape memory metamaterials have attracted extensive attentions. However, the combination of material property into structural metamaterial has not been fully understand. In this study, a 3D printing laminated multi-component metamaterial has been manufactured using the viscoelastic and elastic shape memory polymers (SMPs), to achieve a tailorable release rate of strain energy for optimization of auxetic and shape recovery behaviors. A synergistic effect of laminated structure arrangement and cell radius has been identified as the driving force to achieve the auxetic behavior (for metamaterial), high storage strain energy (for yielding strength) and release rate (for shape recovery behavior). Finally, the auxetic, yielding, and shape recovery behaviors have been experimentally tested, to verify the effectiveness of the finite element method results. And a good agreement between them has been achieved. This study is expected to provide a design guideline for auxetic and shape recovery behaviors of laminated multi-component SMP metamaterial.
Electric-dual BPS vortices in the generalized self-dual Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs model
Authors: Prasetya Tama Laurenzius Yudha , Gunara Bobby Eka , Atmaja Ardian Nata 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper we show how to derive the Bogomolny’s equations of the generalized self-dual Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs model presented in [10] by using the BPS Lagrangian method with a particular choice of the BPS Lagrangian density. We also show that the identification, potential terms, and Gauss’s law constraint can be derived rigorously under the BPS Lagrangian method. In this method, we find that the potential terms are the most general form that could have the BPS vortex solutions. The Gauss’s law constraint turns out to be the Euler–Lagrange equations of the BPS Lagrangian density. We also find another BPS vortex solutions by taking other identification between the neutral scalar field and the electric scalar potential field, N = ± A
0, which is different by a relative sign to the identification in [10], N = ∓ A
0. Under this identification, N = ± A
0, we obtain a slightly different potential terms and Bogomolny’s equations compared to the ones in [10]. Furthermore we compute the solutions numerically, with the same configurations as in [10], and find that only the resulting electric field plots differ by sign relative to the results in [10]. Therefore we conclude that these BPS vortices are electric-dual BPS vortices of the ones computed in [10].
The flagellar length control system: exploring the physical biology of organelle size
Authors: Marshall Wallace F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
How cells build and maintain dynamic structures of defined size is currently an important unsolved problem in quantitative cell biology. The flagella of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas provide a highly tractable model system to investigate this general question, but while the powerful genetics of this organism have revealed numerous genes required for proper flagellar length, in most cases we do not understand their mechanistic role in length control. Flagellar length can be viewed as the steady state solution of a dynamical system involving assembly and disassembly of axonemal microtubules, with assembly depending on an active transport process known as intraflagellar transport (IFT). The inherent length dependence of IFT gives rise to a family of simple models for length regulation that can account for many previously described phenomena such as the ability of flagella to maintain equal lengths. But these models requires that the cell has a way to measure flagellar length in order to adjust IFT rates accordingly. Several models for length sensing have been modeled theoretically and evaluated experimentally, allowing them to be ruled out. Current data support a model in which the diffusive return of the kinesin motor driving IFT provides a length dependence that ultimately is the basis for length regulation. By combining models of length sensing with a more detailed representation of cargo transport and availability, it is now becoming possible to formulate concrete hypotheses to explain length altering mutants.
Electron dynamics of molecular frustrated double ionization driven by strong laser fields*
Authors: Tang Qing-Bin , Shi Lu-Ke , Zhang Ke , Kang Shuai-Jie , Li Zheng-Fa , Wu Yin-Meng , Qin Ling-Ling , Zhai Chun-Yang , Liu Ai-Hua , Li Ying-Bin , Yu Ben-Hai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the frustrated double ionization (FDI) of molecules with different alignment-dependence using a three-dimensional classical ensemble method. The numerical results show that the FDI probability decreases with increasing wavelength, which is similar to the wavelength dependence of the FDI probability of atoms. Tracing the classical trajectories reveals that the contributions to molecular FDI from single-recollision and multiple-recollision mechanisms are equal in the short wavelength regime. In the long wavelength regime, the single-recollision FDI channel dominates in FDI. The nature in which molecular FDI occurs is identified and explained.
Parallel transport modeling of linear divertor simulators with fundamental ion cyclotron heating
*
Authors: Kumar A. , Caneses-Marin J.F. , Lau C. , Goulding R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) is a steady state linear device with the goal to perform plasma material interaction studies at future fusion reactor relevant conditions. A prototype of MPEX referred as ‘Proto-MPEX’ is designed to carry out research and development related to source, heating and transport concepts on the planned full MPEX device. The auxiliary heating schemes in MPEX are based on cyclotron resonance heating with radio frequency (RF) waves. Ion cyclotron heating (ICH) and electron cyclotron heating in MPEX are used to independently heat the ions and electrons and provide fusion divertor conditions ranging from sheath-limited to fully detached divertor regimes at a material target. A hybrid particle-in-cell code- PICOS++ is developed and applied to understand the plasma parallel transport during ICH in MPEX/Proto-MPEX to the target. With this tool, evolution of the distribution function of MPEX/Proto-MPEX ions is modeled in the presence of (a) Coulomb collisions, (b) volumetric particle sources and (c) quasi-linear RF-based ICH. The code is benchmarked against experimental data from Proto-MPEX and simulation data from B2.5 EIRENE. The experimental observation of ‘density-drop’ near the target in Proto-MPEX and MPEX during ICH is demonstrated and explained via physics-based arguments using PICOS++ modeling. In fact, the density drops at the target during ICH in Proto-MPEX/MPEX to conserve the flux and to compensate for the increased flow during ICH. Furthermore, sensitivity scans of various plasma parameters with respect to ICH power are performed for MPEX to investigate its role on plasma transport and particle and energy fluxes at the target.
Ion source and LEBT of KAHVELab proton beamline
Authors: Adıgüzel A. , Açıksöz S. , Çağlar A. , Çetinkaya H. , Esen Ş. , Halis D. , Hamparsunoğlu A. , İlhan T.B. , Kılıçgedik A. , Koçer O. , Oğur S. , Öz S. , Özbey A. , Özcan V.E. , Ünel N.G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The KAHVE Laboratory, at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
is home to an educational proton linac project. The proton beam will
originate from a 20 keV H+ source and will be delivered to a two
module Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz via a
low energy beam transport (LEBT) line. Currently, the design phase
being over, commissioning and stability tests are ongoing for the
proton beamline which is already produced and installed except the RFQ
which is being manufactured. This work summarizes the design,
production and test phases of the ion source and LEBT line components.
The impact of different CO2 and ODS levels on the mean state and variability of the springtime Arctic stratosphere
Authors: Kult-Herdin Jessica , Sukhodolov Timofei , Chiodo Gabriel , Checa-Garcia Ramiro , Rieder Harald E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rising greenhouse gases (GHG) and decreasing anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are the main drivers of the stratospheric climate evolution in the 21st century. However, the coupling between stratospheric composition, radiation and dynamics is subject to many uncertainties, which is partly because of the simplistic representation of ozone (O3) in many current climate models. Changes in ozone due to heterogeneous chemistry are known to be the largest during springtime in the Arctic, which is also a season with very active stratosphere–troposphere coupling. The focus of this study is to investigate the role of varying ozone levels driven by changing GHG and ODS for the Arctic polar cap stratosphere. We use two state-of-the-art chemistry-climate models with ocean coupling in two configurations (prescribed ozone fields vs. interactive ozone chemistry) for three different scenarios: preindustrial conditions—1 × CO2, year 2000 conditions (peak anthropogenic ODS levels) and extreme future conditions—4 × CO2. Our results show that in the upper and middle stratosphere CO2 thermal cooling is the dominant effect determining the temperature response under 4 × CO2, and outweighs warming effects of ozone by about a factor of ten. In contrast, in the lower stratosphere, the effects of O3 warming and CO2 cooling under 4 × CO2 are largely offsetting each other. ODS driven variations in O3 affect both the temperature mean and variability, and are responsible for the tight springtime coupling between composition and dynamics under year 2000 conditions in comparison to simulations under 1 × CO2 or 4 × CO2.
Whitham modulation theory for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two and three spatial dimensions
Authors: Abeya Asela , Biondini Gino , Hoefer Mark A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Whitham modulation equations for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation in two, three and higher spatial dimensions are derived using a two-phase ansatz for the periodic traveling wave solutions and by period-averaging the conservation laws of the NLS equation. The resulting Whitham modulation equations are written in vector form, which allows one to show that they preserve the rotational invariance of the NLS equation, as well as the invariance with respect to scaling and Galilean transformations, and to immediately generalize the calculations from two spatial dimensions to three. The transformation to Riemann-type variables is described in detail; the harmonic and soliton limits of the Whitham modulation equations are explicitly written down; and the reduction of the Whitham equations to those for the radial NLS equation is explicitly carried out. Finally, the extension of the theory to higher spatial dimensions is briefly outlined. The multidimensional NLS-Whitham equations obtained here may be used to study large amplitude wavetrains in a variety of applications including nonlinear photonics and matter waves.
On the Majorana representation of the optical Dirac equation
Authors: Dennis Mark R , Tijssen Teuntje , Morgan Michael A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider the representations of the optical Dirac equation, especially ones where the Hamiltonian is purely real-valued. This is equivalent, for Maxwell’s equations, to the Majorana representation of the massless Dirac (Weyl) equation. We draw analogies between the Dirac, chiral and Majorana representations of the Dirac and optical Dirac equations, and derive two new optical Majorana representations. Just as the Dirac and chiral representations are related to optical spin and helicity states, these Majorana representations of the optical Dirac equation are associated with the linear polarization of light. This provides a means to compare electron and electromagnetic wave equations in the context of classical field theory.
How Effective are Current Joint Working Practices between Children and Family Social Workers and Mental Health Care Coordinators, in Supporting Families in which there is a Primary Care-giver, with a Diagnosis of Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder?
Authors: Martins Lauren , Tucker Laura A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) is a complex and often stigmatising diagnosis. Although falling under the remit of mental health services, it is not always seen as a mental health need, and research suggests that if parents or carers are not provided with more holistic support, parental mental health will deteriorate with children likely to have poorer outcomes, placing them at an increased risk of harm. This likelihood of harm increases with compounding factors such as substance misuse and domestic abuse. One organisation alone cannot effectively address the complex difficulties that people with this diagnosis may experience, thus inter-agency working is necessary. This article explores the barriers and facilitators to inter-agency working to support parental care-givers with a diagnosis of EUPD between Children’s Social Care and a Community Mental Health Team within the same English area. Five mental health care coordinators and two children and families’ social workers who had experience working with this client group were interviewed. Participants identified the challenges and benefits of working with their partner agency around communication, knowledge, stigmatisation and resources. The research provides suggestions to develop current inter-agency working relationships and to enhance care and support available to people experiencing the diagnosis.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viremia in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Should We Treat the CMV? or the HIV? or Both?
Authors: Levi Laura I , Molina Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reflects the level of immunodeficiency. In the absence of CMV end-organ disease, early start of effective antiretroviral therapy is the only treatment required and is most often sufficient to control CMV replication.
Weaponised Artificial Intelligence and Chinese Practices of Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Qiao-Franco Guangyu , Bode Ingvild 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Weaponised artificial intelligence (AI) and the prospective development of lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) are topics that have sparked international debate on retaining human control over the use of force. This article unpacks China’s understanding of human–machine interaction to find that it encompasses many shades of grey. Specifically, despite repeatedly supporting a legal ban on LAWS, China simultaneously promotes a narrow understanding of these systems that intends to exclude such systems from what it deems “beneficial” uses of AI. We offer understandings of this ambivalent position by investigating how it is constituted through Chinese actors’ competing practices in the areas of economy, science and technology, defence, and diplomacy. Such practices produce normative understandings of human control and machine autonomy that pull China’s position on LAWS in different directions. We contribute to the scholarship bounded by norm research and international practice theories in examining how normativity originates in and emerges from diverse domestic contexts within competing practices. We also aim to provide insights into possible approaches whereby to achieve consensus in debates on regulating LAWS, which at the time of writing have reached a stalemate.
Hitting Times of Random Walks on Edge Corona Product Graphs
Authors: Zhu Mingzhe , Xu Wanyue , Li Wei , Zhang Zhongzhi , Kan Haibin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Graph products have been extensively applied to model complex networks with striking properties observed in real-world complex systems. In this paper, we study the hitting times for random walks on a class of graphs generated iteratively by edge corona product. We first derive recursive solutions to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the normalized adjacency matrix associated with the graphs. Based on these results, we further obtain interesting quantities about hitting times of random walks, providing iterative formulas for two-node hitting time, as well as closed-form expressions for the Kemeny’s constant defined as a weighted average of hitting times over all node pairs, as well as the arithmetic mean of hitting times of all pairs of nodes.
Emergency department outcomes for patients experiencing homelessness in England: retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Moss Charlie , Anselmi Laura , Sutton Matt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmergency departments (EDs) are an important point of access to health care for people experiencing homelessness. Evidence suggests that ED attendances by homeless people are more likely to result in leaving the ED without treatment, or dying in the ED. We investigate which diagnoses and patterns of health care use are associated with these (and other) discharge destinations and re-attendance within 7 days among homeless patients.MethodsWe used national hospital data to analyze attendances of all 109 254 people experiencing homelessness who presented at any Type 1 ED in England over 2013–18. We used logistic regression to estimate the association of each outcome with primary diagnosis and patterns of healthcare use.ResultsCompared with patients with no past ED use, patients with a high frequency of past ED use were more likely to leave without treatment and re-attend within 7 days. Patients not registered at a general practice were likelier to leave without treatment or die in the ED and had lower odds of unplanned re-attendance. A primary diagnosis of ‘social problems’ was associated with being discharged without follow-up. Patients with a psychiatric primary diagnosis were disproportionately likely to be referred to another health care professional/provider or an outpatient clinic.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to understand why some homeless patients leave the ED without treatment and whether their healthcare needs are being met. Some patients may be attending the ED frequently due to poor access to other services, such as primary care and social welfare.