bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting‐state fMRI reveals changes within the anxiety and social avoidance circuitry of the brain in mice with psoriasis‐like skin lesions
Authors: Chen Teng , Zhu Sheng‐Jie , Xu Shuai , Wang Yu‐Quan , Aji Abudula , Zhang Chen , Wang He , Li Fu‐Lun , Chu Yu‐Xia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPsoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease that often co‐occurs with psychological morbidities such as anxiety and depression, and psychosocial issues also lead psoriasis patients to avoid other people. However, the precise mechanism underlying the comorbidity of psoriasis and anxiety is unknown. Also, whether the social avoidance phenomenon seen in human patients also exists in psoriasis‐like animal models remains unknown. In the present study, anxiety‐like behaviours and social avoidance‐like behaviours were observed in an imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like C57‐BL6 mouse model along with typical psoriasis‐like dermatitis and itch‐like behaviours. The 11.7T resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed differences in brain regions between the model and control group, and voxel‐based morphometry showed that the grey matter volume changed in the basal forebrain region, anterior commissure intrabulbar and striatum in the psoriasis‐like mice. Seed‐based resting state functional connectivity analysis revealed connectivity changes in the amygdala, periaqueductal gray, raphe nuclei and lateral septum. We conclude that the imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like C57‐BL6 mouse model is well suited for mechanistic studies and for performing preclinical therapeutic trials for treating anxiety and pathological social avoidance in psoriasis patients.
DeepCens: A deep learning‐based system for real‐time image and video censorship
Authors: Yuksel Asim Sinan , Tan Fatma Gulsah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe popularity of social networks and video‐on‐demand platforms has increased the importance of image and video censorship. These platforms contain various content such as violence, explicit content, drug use and smoking that may be offensive or harmful to certain viewers. As a result, censorship is employed to filter or remove content that is unsuitable for particular audiences such as children and teenagers. However, policies for censoring harmful content in digital environments are either limited or nonexistent. This underscores the need for automated systems that can detect and censor harmful content in real time. To address these challenges, we developed the first of our knowledge systems using deep learning techniques to censor harmful content. We propose two novel, YOLO‐based real‐time censorship algorithms. Our approaches employ a pipeline‐based architecture that parallelizes the operations with subprocesses. In our experiments, the proposed algorithms performed faster and with higher accuracies compared to traditional approaches. Specifically, its content‐based accuracies were 98% for explicit content, 97% for alcohol, 98% for cigarettes and 97% for violence. Our research highlights the importance of developing effective and efficient solutions for censoring harmful content on digital media platforms. Our deep learning‐based system represents a promising approach to this challenge and has the potential to enhance user safety and protect vulnerable groups from harmful and offensive content. Future research will continue to refine and improve such systems to better address the evolving landscape of digital media and the challenges posed by harmful content.
Factors associated with household transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variant to health care workers: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kagami Keisuke , Oyamada Reiko , Watanabe Tsubasa , Nakakubo Sho , Hayashi Takahiro , Iwasaki Sumio , Fukumoto Tatsuya , Usami Takayuki , Hayasaka Kasumi , Fujisawa Shinichi , Watanabe Chiaki , Nishida Mutsumi , Teshima Takanori , Niinuma Yusuke , Yokota Isao , Takekuma Yoh , Sugawara Mitsuru , Ishiguro Nobuhisa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for household transmission of the omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2.BackgroundThe household infection rate has been reported to be higher for the omicron variant than for non‐omicron variants of SARS‐CoV‐2. Determination of the risk factors for household transmission of the omicron variant is therefore important.DesignA Retrospective Cohort Study was conducted.MethodsWhen family members of health care workers (HCWs) were found to be infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, the HCWs had to receive two nucleic acid amplification tests for SARS‐CoV‐2: immediately after and 5 to 10 days after the onset of COVID‐19 in the family members. Risk factors of household transmission were analysed by comparing cases (HCWs infected with SARS‐CoV‐2) and controls (HCWs not infected with SARS‐CoV‐2) using multivariable analysis.ResultsUnvaccinated status (OR: 3.97), age of index cases (≤6 years) (OR: 1.94) and staying at home with index cases (OR: 10.18) were risk factors for household transmission.ConclusionIf there is a strong desire to avoid household infection, family members infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 should live separately during the period of viral shedding.
Corrosion behavior and mechanism of ytterbium silicates environmental barrier coatings subjected to thermal cycling in water vapor
Authors: Zhong Xin , Liang Ruihui , Hong Du , Fan Dong , Wu Yiming , Wang Lujie , Li Qilian , Niu Yaran , Zheng Xuebin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractYb2SiO5 and Yb2Si2O7 have been considered to be promising environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) materials for silicon‐based ceramics. Besides the various requirements EBCs must satisfy, it must be resistant to severe corrosion by high‐temperature water vapor as well as CMAS. In this work, the Yb2SiO5, Yb2Si2O7 coatings and Yb2SiO5/Yb2Si2O7/Si, Yb2SiO5/Si EBCs were subjected to steam with alumina at 1400°C for 200 h. Results showed that Yb3Al5O12 reaction layer and Yb2SiO5 corrosion layer were formed on the Yb2SiO5 coating, while porous Yb2SiO5 corrosion layer with Yb3Al5O12 phase was formed on the Yb2Si2O7 coating. By designing Yb2Si2O7 as intermediate layer, the corrosion resistance of Yb2SiO5/Yb2Si2O7/Si EBCs was significantly improved. In addition to phase transition of β‐cristobalite to α‐phase, crystallization of amorphous SiO2 also caused volume change, inducing longitudinal cracks through the TGO layer, which may lead to the failure of EBCs.
Construct validity of the electronic Veterans Affairs Frailty Index against clinician frailty assessment
Authors: DuMontier Clark , Hennis Robert , Yilidirim Cenk , Seligman Benjamin J. , Fonseca Valencia Carolina , Lubinski Brooke L. , Sison Stephanie M. , Dharne Mayuri , Kim Dae Hyun , Schwartz Andrea Wershof , Driver Jane A. , Fillmore Nathanael R. , Orkaby Ariela R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectronic frailty indices (eFIs) can expand measurement of frailty in research and practice and have demonstrated predictive validity in associations with clinical outcomes. However, their construct validity is less well studied. We aimed to assess the construct validity of the VA‐FI, an eFI developed for use in the U.S. Veterans Affairs Healthcare System.MethodsVeterans who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessments between January 31, 2019 and June 6, 2022 at VA Boston and had sufficient data documented for a comprehensive geriatric assessment‐frailty index (CGA‐FI) were included. The VA‐FI, based on diagnostic and procedural codes, and the CGA‐FI, based on geriatrician‐measured deficits, were calculated for each patient. Geriatricians also assessed the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), functional status (ADLs and IADLs), and 4‐meter gait speed (4MGS).ResultsA total of 132 veterans were included, with median age 81.4 years (IQR 75.8–88.7). Across increasing levels of VA‐FI (<0.2; 0.2–0.4; >0.4), mean CGA‐FI increased (0.24; 0.30; 0.40). The VA‐FI was moderately correlated with the CGA‐FI (r 0.45, p < 0.001). Every 0.1‐unit increase in the VA‐FI was associated with an increase in the CGA‐FI (linear regression beta 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.06), higher CFS category (ordinal regression OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.24–2.30), higher odds of ADL dependency (logistic regression OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.20–2.11), IADL dependency (logistic regression OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.23–2.30), and a decrease in 4MGS (linear regression beta −0.07, 95% CI −0.12 to −0.02). All models were adjusted for age and race, and associations held after further adjustment for the Charlson Comorbidity Index.ConclusionOur results demonstrate the construct validity of the VA‐FI through its associations with clinical measures of frailty, including summary frailty measures, functional status, and objective physical performance. Our findings complement others' in showing that eFIs can capture functional and mobility domains of frailty beyond just comorbidity and may be useful to measure frailty among populations and individuals.
Do insurers use internal capital markets to manage regulatory scrutiny risk?
Authors: Fier Stephen G. , Liebenberg Andre P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that insurance groups allocate capital to members with better performance or growth prospects and use internal capital markets (ICMs) to protect the franchise value of less capitalized members. We propose and test an additional motivation for the use of ICMs—to manage regulatory scrutiny risk. We show that almost 50% of insurers at risk of facing additional regulatory scrutiny due to failing four Insurance Regulatory Information System (IRIS) ratios received sufficient internal capital to avoid enhanced regulation. Moreover, the likelihood and extent of internal capital allocation are related to regulatory scrutiny risk and the amount of capital allocated is typically just enough to avoid regulatory scrutiny. Time series evidence indicates that groups manage regulatory scrutiny risk by allocating capital toward affiliates when their pre‐capital contribution IRIS ratio failures exceed three, and away from affiliates when they are no longer at risk of additional regulatory scrutiny.
Optimal taxation for democracies with less than perfect voters: A public choice perspective
Authors: Congleton Roger D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes optimal tax policy from the perspective of voters who want public policies to systematically advance their interests. Self‐acknowledged ignorance implies that voters have a practical interest in transparent and stable tax systems that allow personal tax burdens to be calculated accurately and easily. Such properties reduce voter mistakes. However, a voter's normative interests may conflict with these practical interests, because ideas about a good life or good society often support tax system complexity. Tradeoffs between these two aims of democratic tax systems imply that the optimal tax system for a democracy neither minimizes voter errors nor maximizes a social welfare function.
Divergent pathways of liver fat accumulation, oxidation, and secretion in lipodystrophy versus obesity‐associated NAFLD
Authors: Klein Rachael J. , Viana Rodriguez Gracia M. , Rotman Yaron , Brown Rebecca J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsFatty liver is common in obesity as well as in partial lipodystrophy (PL) syndromes, characterized by deficient adipose tissue. Insulin resistance is key to fatty liver pathogenesis in both entities. We aimed to compare the contributions of insulin resistance and adipose tissue to hepatic steatosis in PL and non‐syndromic, obesity‐associated non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NS‐NAFLD).MethodsIn a cross‐sectional comparison of people with NS‐NAFLD (N = 73) and PL (N = 27), liver fat was measured by FibroScan® controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and insulin resistance by HOMA‐IR, Adipo‐IR, and NMR‐based LP‐IR.ResultsInsulin resistance was greater in PL versus NS‐NAFLD by HOMA‐IR (p = 0.005), Adipo‐IR (p = 0.01) and LP‐IR (p = 0.05) while liver fat was comparable (304 vs. 324 dB/m, p = 0.12). Liver fat correlated with HOMA‐IR in both groups, but CAP values were lower by 32 dB/m in PL compared with NS‐NAFLD for any given HOMA‐IR. In contrast, Adipo‐IR and LP‐IR correlated with CAP only in the NS‐NAFLD group, suggesting different pathways for fat accumulation. Plasma free fatty acids, reflecting substrate input from the adipose tissue, were comparable between groups. However, the levels of β‐hydroxybutyrate, a marker of β‐oxidation, and large triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein particles, a marker of VLDL secretion, were both higher in PL (p < 0.001 for both).ConclusionLiver fat content was comparable in subjects with PL‐associated NAFLD and NS‐NAFLD, despite worse insulin resistance in partial lipodystrophy. Our data demonstrate higher triglyceride oxidation and export in PL, suggesting a compensatory shift of fat from liver storage into the circulation that does not occur in NS‐NAFLD.
On the bullshitisation of mental health nursing: A reluctant work rant
Authors: McKeown Mick 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis discussion paper offers a critical provocation to my mental health nursing colleagues. Drawing upon David Graeber's account of bullshit work, work that is increasingly meaningless for workers, I pose the question: Is mental health nursing a bullshit job? Ever‐increasing time spent on record keeping as opposed to direct care appears to represent a Graeberian bullshitisation of mental health nurses' work. In addition, core aspects of the role are not immune from bullshit. Professional rhetoric would have us believe that mental health nursing is a therapeutically beneficent occupation organised around ideals of care and compassion and providing fulfilling work for practitioners. Yet, there are some key characteristics of the experience of mental health nursing work that afford alternative judgements on its value and meaningfulness. Not least of these is the fact that many mental health nurses feel quite existentially unsettled in the practise of their work and many service users do not recognise the professional ideal, especially when compelled into increasingly coercive and restrictive services. In this context, Graeber's thesis is explored for its applicability to mental health nursing with a conclusion that many aspects of mental health nursing work are commensurate with bullshit but that mental health care can possibly be redeemed from bullshitisation by authentically democratising reforms. Engaging with posthumanist ideas, this exploration involves a flexing of aspects of Graeber's theory.
Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Intermedius Myocutaneous Flap Reconstruction for Complicated Trochanteric and Ischial Pressure Sores with Extended Girdlestone Resection: A Case Series
Authors: Ryoo Hyun Jung , Park Ji Hwan , Kim Dong Yeon 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveMost paraplegic patients with complicated trochanter sores or ischial sores present with lower limb muscle atrophy. Therefore, in patients who have undergone Girdlestone arthroplasty, filling the dead space and replacing the volume defect through an appropriate surgical technique is extremely challenging. This study presents a case series of vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius myocutaneous flap reconstruction after extended proximal femoral osteotomy in paraplegic patients. The aim of study is to investigate (i) whether sufficient volume replacement was achieved, (ii) whether muscle volume was maintained during long‐term follow‐up, and (iii) the presence of donor site morbidity.MethodA retrospective review was conducted with eight patients who underwent this method from March 2017 to December 2021. A total of nine flaps was elevated, and the defect was successfully reconstructed without dead space. Computed tomography was performed to identify the changes in thickness and volume of the muscle portion. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was performed to assess the significance of the differences in muscle thickness between pre‐ and post‐measurements.ResultsAfter surgery, all patients healed within 1 month; three patients experienced minor complications. The average follow‐up period was 14.5 months, during which only one patient with an ischial pressure ulcer developed wound disruption and recurrence. The average thickness of the rotated muscle was 51.95 mm at 2 to 4 weeks postoperatively and 53.07 mm at 6 months postoperatively (𝑝 = 0.071).ConclusionAll nine cases healed well without major complications. When comparing the volume of the rotated muscle on radiological examinations before and after surgery, no significant differences were observed. Our modified Girdlestone resection technique provides a simple and reliable method for reconstructing complex trochanteric or ischial sores in paraplegic patients. It ensures anatomical consistency, ample volume, and structural stability by leaving the rectus femoris (RF) in place. Careful tension management is required when using this flap in the ischial area.
The Specific Anatomical Morphology of Lateral Ankle Ligament: Qualitative and Quantitative Cadaveric based Study
Authors: Inchai Chirapat , Vaseenon Tanawat , Tanaka Yasuhito , Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThe accurate understanding in morphological features of the lateral ankle ligaments is necessary for the diagnosis and management of ankle instability and other ankle problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical morphology and the attachment areas of lateral ligament complex of ankle joint based on the cadaveric study.MethodsFifty‐four fresh frozen cadaveric ankles were dissected to evaluate the lateral ankle ligaments. Each ligament was separated into two or three small bundles. In the investigated footprint areas, acrylic colors were used as a marker point to locate specific areas of ligament bundle attached to the bone. The Image J software was used to measure and analyze the sizes of the specific footprint areas to achieve descriptive statistical analysis.ResultsThe double bands of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) were found as a major type in the present study with 57.41% (31 of 54 ankles) while the single band of ATFL was observed in 42.59% (23 of 54 ankles). The attachment sizes of the ATFL, posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) were evaluated into two areas; proximal and distal attachments. The average of proximal or fibular part of ATFL, PTFL and CFL were 85.06, 134.27, 93.91 mm2 respectively. The average of distal part of ATFL, PTFL and CFL were 100.07, 277.61, 249.39 mm2 respectively.ConclusionConsidering the lateral ankle ligament repaired or reconstruction especially using arthroscopy, the precise understanding in specific detail of the lateral ankle ligament may help both diagnose and select the appropriate treatment for solving the ankle problems. These observations may help the surgeon to perform the surgical procedure for determining the appropriate techniques and avoid complication to patients.
NACs, generalist in plant life
Authors: Han Kunjin , Zhao Ye , Sun Yuhan , Li Yun 
Published: August 2023

SummaryPlant‐specific NAC proteins constitute a major transcription factor family that is well‐known for its roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the functions of NAC proteins. NAC proteins have a highly conserved DNA‐binding domain; however, their functions are diverse. Previous understanding of the structure of NAC transcription factors can be used as the basis for their functional diversity. NAC transcription factors consist of a target‐binding domain at the N‐terminus and a highly versatile C‐terminal domain that interacts with other proteins. A growing body of research on NAC transcription factors helps us comprehend the intricate signalling network and transcriptional reprogramming facilitated by NAC‐mediated complexes. However, most studies of NAC proteins have been limited to a single function. Here, we discuss the upstream regulators, regulatory components and targets of NAC in the context of their prospective roles in plant improvement strategies via biotechnology intervention, highlighting the importance of the NAC transcription factor family in plants and the need for further research.
Leptomeningeal disease in melanoma: An update on the developments in pathophysiology and clinical care
Authors: Smalley Inna , Boire Adrienne , Brastianos Priscilla , Kluger Harriet M. , Hernando‐Monge Eva , Forsyth Peter A. , Ahmed Kamran A. , Smalley Keiran S. M. , Ferguson Sherise , Davies Michael A. , Glitza Oliva Isabella C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLeptomeningeal disease (LMD) remains a major challenge in the clinical management of metastatic melanoma patients. Outcomes for patient remain poor, and patients with LMD continue to be excluded from almost all clinical trials. However, recent trials have demonstrated the feasibility of conducting prospective clinical trials in these patients. Further, new insights into the pathophysiology of LMD are identifying rational new therapeutic strategies. Here we present recent advances in the understanding of, and treatment options for, LMD from metastatic melanoma. We also annotate key areas of future focus to accelerate progress for this challenging but emerging field.
Animal selfhood and affectivity in Helmuth Plessner's philosophical biology
Authors: Dornbach Márton 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHelmuth Plessner's philosophical anthropology is undergirded by a comprehensive theory of living nature. Central to this philosophical biology is the claim that animals lack self‐consciousness but their awareness of their surroundings is nevertheless anchored in a self. Since Plessner does not explain how this unselfconscious self is manifest to the animal, the warrant for his claim remains unclear. Following Plessner's construal of human existence as a radically transformed variant of animal life, I argue that he leaves animals' selfhood unaccounted for because he overlooks the animal precursor of the feeling of pleasure and displeasure, which affords a pre‐reflective self‐awareness. I fill this lacuna by drawing on Kant's and Plessner's theories of human feelings, Hans Jonas's conception of animal emotion, and recent arguments that make evaluative affects fundamental to animal consciousness. Revised along these lines, Plessner's framework allows us to specify how animal affectivity is transformed in self‐conscious human life.
Psychological responses to jihadist terrorism: Exploring a small but significant opinion shift towards minority inclusion among French citizens in response to the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks
Authors: Lueders Adrian , Wollast Robin , Nugier Armelle , Guimond Serge 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExperiences with jihadist terrorism sparked debates about the boundaries of religious expression within secular societies. Standpoints majority members hold in such discussions may be inclusive or exclusive towards religious minorities and inform wider intergroup perceptions. The present research explores these relationships in the context of the 2015 Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks in Paris, France. Using longitudinal data from a diverse French sample (N = 558) collected before and after the attacks, we test whether within‐person changes in exclusionary and inclusionary interpretations of the French Laïcité principle can account for changes in public perceptions of context‐relevant minorities. Meta‐analytical findings suggest a small significant conservative shift after experiences with terrorism. Previous research conducted in the context of the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks departed from this pattern, however, without identifying underlying psychological mechanisms. Accordingly, the present data suggests a small but significant opinion shift in favor of context‐relevant minorities. This shifting was partially explained through an increased endorsement of an inclusionary interpretation of the Laïcité principle that stresses the freedom of religious expression. We offer a contextualized interpretation of our data, suggesting that the collective coping dynamics that followed the events (i.e., republican marches, #JeSuisCharlie) have been critical for the observed effects.