bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Walking Intensity in Persons With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Girnis Jaimie L. , Cavanaugh James T. , Baker Teresa C. , Duncan Ryan P. , Fulford Daniel , LaValley Michael P. , Lawrence Michael , Nordahl Timothy , Porciuncula Franchino , Rawson Kerri S. , Saint-Hilaire Marie , Thomas Cathi A. , Zajac Jenna A. , Earhart Gammon M. , Ellis Terry D. 
Published: April 2023

Background and Purpose:
Few persons with Parkinson disease (PD) appear to engage in moderate-intensity walking associated with disease-modifying health benefits. How much time is spent walking at lower, yet still potentially beneficial, intensities is poorly understood. The purpose of this exploratory, observational study was to describe natural walking intensity in ambulatory persons with PD.

Methods:
Accelerometer-derived real-world walking data were collected for more than 7 days at baseline from 82 participants enrolled in a PD clinical trial. Walking intensity was defined according to the number of steps in each active minute (1-19, 20-39, 40-59, 60-79, 80-99, or ≥100 steps). Daily minutes of walking and duration of the longest sustained walking bout were calculated at each intensity. Number of sustained 10 to 19, 20 to 29, and 30-minute bouts and greater at any intensity also were calculated. Values were analyzed in the context of physical activity guidelines.

Results:
Most daily walking occurred at lower intensities (157.3 ± 58.1 min of 1-19 steps; 81.3 ± 32.6 min of 20-39 steps; 38.2 ± 21.3 min of 40-59 steps; 15.1 ± 11.5 min of 60-79 steps; 7.4 ± 7.0 min of 80-99 steps; 7.3 ± 9.6 min of ≥100 steps). The longest daily sustained walking bout occurred at the lowest intensity level (15.9 ± 5.2 min of 1-19 steps). Few bouts lasting 20 minutes and greater occurred at any intensity.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Despite relatively high daily step counts, participants tended to walk at remarkably low intensity, in bouts of generally short duration, with relatively few instances of sustained walking. The findings reinforced the need for health promotion interventions designed specifically to increase walking intensity.

Video Abstract available for more insight from authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1 available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A426).
Determination of the lowest infection threshold for ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi and its impact on yield
Authors: Matthews Andrea , Muthukumar Sharan Pradeep Thiruvazhuthi , Hamill Sharon , Aitken Elizabeth A. B. , Chen Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important horticulture crop valued for its medicinal and culinary properties. Fusarium yellows, caused by the ascomycete fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi (Foz) is a devastating soil borne disease of ginger. It has curtailed ginger production in Australia and around the world leading to significant economic losses. An integrated approach is required to manage soil-borne diseases such as those caused by Foz. Little is known about the influence of Foz inoculum dosage on disease severity. This study aimed to establish a minimum threshold level of spores per gram of soil required for plant infection and to develop and evaluate a pot inoculation method for suitability in genetic studies on Foz resistance. To achieve this, the dominant Australian ginger cultivar ‘Canton’ was inoculated with pre-determined amounts of colony-forming unit (cfu), ranging from 0 in control, to treatments with 10, 103, 105, 106, and 107 cfu per gram of soil. The inoculum dosage positively correlated with leaf and stem yellows, and rhizome discolouration, and negatively correlated with root length and rhizome weight. The lowest threshold required for plant infection was 10 cfu per gram of soil, which may provide an important basis for outbreaks of Foz in the field. This finding adds significantly to the knowledge base on ginger soil health and contributes to the integrated management of Foz. When used at a high dose, this method can facilitate reliable and accurate screening of Foz susceptible ginger genotypes in a controlled environment.
Informed consent with people judged incapable of legally consenting
Authors: Bittick Amy , Holliman Ryan 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to consider informed consent with those who may be legally judged incapable of consent. Frequently individuals with traumatic brain injuries and intellectual disabilities may fall into this category. This paper seeks to consider aspects of guardianship, moral and legal implications and best practices for mental health professionals.

Design/methodology/approach
This practice piece reviews literature regarding informed consent, as well as pertinent issues in the professional literature regarding types of guardianship as well as the occurrence of “Lucid intervals.” Furthermore, literature from moral philosophy and current legal research was examined to fully provide readers with a grasp of the legal and ethical landscape of this issue.

Findings
The paper finds that treating consent as a one-time binary event is lacking in both practicality and nuance. Moral philosophy and issues regarding paternalism are raised, as well as practice approaches to assessment of capability and how to engage in therapy in meaningful ways.

Originality/value
This paper provides insight into providing dignity-affirming therapy with a population that is often not considered in the literature of mental health ethics. When it is considered, the suggestions are so vague as to be of limited use. This manuscript provides nuance and practical applications to be a therapist that promotes dignity in those who might have varying levels of capacity to consent.
French non-profit organizations at the end of a lockdown: the relevance of differentiated policies
Authors: Plaisance Guillaume 
Published: April 2023

PurposeFrench non-profit organizations (NPOs) have undergone numerous health restrictions and lockdown measures in addition to the health issues raised by the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this article is then to question the relevance of support policies that have been homogeneous and poorly adapted to the sectors or the number of employees.Design/methodology/approachThis study makes a diagnosis of French NPOs after the first lockdown. A survey conducted among NPO leaders obtained 12,248 answers.FindingsDisparities according to the sector of activity, the presence or not of employees and the annual budget are to be noted. Differentiated policies and actions therefore seem indispensable.Originality/valueThis article discusses the ability of French NPOs to deal with the health crisis with the help of their partners and stakeholders.
Entrepreneurial competency in agriculture: is it a panacea for the problem of farmers' welfare?
Authors: Abawa Amare 
Published: April 2023

PurposeAlthough the majority of Ethiopians continue the on-farm and off-farm work, the country still struggles to secure food for its citizens and farmer welfare is very low. To increase farmers' welfare, improving farmers' entrepreneurial competency is believed to be the solution. However, entrepreneurial competencies are diversified, and investigating the most important dimensions specific to the agricultural sector is important. As a result, the objective of this research is to look into important entrepreneurial competencies that could help farmers.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the objective, survey data, collected from 178 households in North Shoa, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia is analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe study revealed that of the six entrepreneurs' competencies considered, only two of them (Strategic competency and relationship competency) have a significant association with the welfare of farmers. Moreover, the study revealed that the moderating effect of agricultural extension (taking model and non-model farmers as a group) on the relationship between entrepreneurial competency and farmers' welfare is not significant.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses only on six entrepreneurial competencies from which two of them are found significant factors in farmers' welfare. Thus, future research could broaden the scope in terms of looking into additional variables.Originality/valueThe study investigated the moderating effect of the farmers' category as a model and non-model on the relationship between entrepreneurial competency and farmers' welfare, which is the first to discuss the moderation effect.
Is “stay-at-home” synonymous of inactivity? Factors related to sedentary lifestyle in a Brazilian sample during COVID-19 initial quarantine
Authors: Souza Tamires Cássia de Melo , Oliveira Lívya Alves , Liboredo Juliana Costa , Della Lucia Ceres Mattos , Ferreira Lívia Garcia , Daniel Marina Martins , Anastácio Lucilene Rezende 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle (<150 min of physical exercise/week) and associated factors of this behavior in Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
An observational study was conducted through an online questionnaire in August–September 2020 (5.5 months after the beginning of the pandemic in the country). Socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, dietary and perceived stress data were evaluated as possible related factors to a sedentary lifestyle through multiple logistic regression analysis.

Findings
A total of 1,347 individuals were evaluated (median of 31 years old, 80.1% women), of whom 76.7% were considered sedentary. Associated factors to a sedentary lifestyle were being overweight; a greater difference between current weight and prepandemic weight; female sex; lower percentage of home-cooked meals; greater increase in the frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages; higher frequency of consumption of cereals, sausages and sweets during the pandemic; and higher score of perceived stress.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no studies have aimed to reveal the associated factors to a sedentary lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Protective factors against a sedentary lifestyle were eating breakfast, being a student, living with parents, a higher frequency of fruit consumption, a higher rate of alcohol consumption and a higher cognitive restriction of food intake during the pandemic. Most of the study participants were sedentary, especially women. A sedentary lifestyle was associated with worse lifestyle/eating habits and stress. Such findings encourage an interdisciplinary approach because habits and lifestyle have numerous interferences.
Gambling on the stock market: the behavior of at-risk online traders
Authors: Grégoire Philippe , Dixon Melanie Rose , Giroux Isabelle , Jacques Christian , Goulet Annie , Eaves James , Sévigny Serge 
Published: April 2023

PurposeOnline investment platforms offer an environment that may lead some traders into excessive behaviors akin to gambling. Over the last decade, gambling behaviors associated with the stock market have attracted the attention of many researchers but the literature on the subject remains scarce. This study aims to present the results of live interviews with a sample (N = 100) of retail investors trading online, and contrasts trading habits with gambling behaviors.Design/methodology/approachParticipants are divided in three groups according to their score on an adapted version of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (referred to as the PGSI-Trading), and their trading habits and behaviors are compared.FindingsThe authors find that traders with higher PGSI-Trading scores are more likely to display gambling-related behaviors such as trading within a short timeframe, being motivated by making money quickly and experiencing high sensations when trading.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is small but the authors proceeded this way in order to gather some qualitative data that would be helpful to clinicians in the Province of Quebec. The questionnaire used to classify traders at risk of being gamblers (PGSI-Trading) has not been validated.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will be helpful to clinicians who hwork with patients suffering from excessive online stock trading habits.Social implicationsClinicians observe an increasing number of patients who consult with excessive stock trading habits. This study has brought new information allowing clinicians to better understand how gambling manifests itself on the stock market.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the trading habits of individuals classified in terms of their score on an adapted PGSI questionnaire.
Gestational hypertensive disorders and blood pressure and childhood cardiac outcomes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Bongers‐Karmaoui Meddy N. , Wiertsema Clarissa J. , Mulders Annemarie G. M. G. J. , Helbing Wim A. , Hirsch Alexander , Roest Arno A. W. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Gaillard Romy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether gestational hypertensive disorders and higher gestational blood pressure were associated with subclinical changes in offspring cardiac structure and function during childhood.DesignPopulation‐based prospective cohort study.SettingRotterdam, the Netherlands.PopulationA cohort of 2502 mother–offspring pairs.MethodsMaternal blood pressure was measured in early, mid and late pregnancy, and information on gestational disorders were obtained from medical records. Offspring cardiac measurements were assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance at 10 years.Main outcome measuresLeft and right ventricular end‐diastolic volumes (LVEDVs and RVEDVs), and ejection fractions, and left ventricular mass (LVM).ResultsOffspring exposed to pre‐eclampsia had a lower right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (difference, −0.31 SDS; 95% CI −0.60, −0.02); however, no associations with other cardiac outcomes were present. Higher maternal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in early and late pregnancy was associated with lower LVEDVs and RVEDVs (p < 0.05), with the strongest effect in early pregnancy. No associations of systolic blood pressure (SBP) with offspring outcomes were present. These associations persisted after additional adjustment for birth and child factors. Paternal SBP and DBP were not associated with offspring cardiac outcomes.ConclusionsNo consistent associations of gestational hypertensive disorder status with childhood cardiac outcomes were present. Higher maternal DBP throughout pregnancy was associated with lower childhood LVEDVs and RVEDVs. Stronger maternal–offspring rather than paternal–offspring associations were present, which may suggest that suboptimal maternal gestational haemodynamic adaptations affects offspring cardiac structure through direct intrauterine effects. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and examine the underlying mechanisms.
Licensed firearm dealers, legal compliance, and local homicide: A case study
Authors: Stansfield Richard , Semenza Daniel , Xu Jie , Griffiths Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch summaryThis study uses a combination of tract‐level and street network‐level analyses to examine: (1) the overall association between federally licensed firearm dealers (FFLs) and homicides, (2) the relationship between dealers with serious violations (such as selling to prohibited buyers or failing to record sales) and homicide, and (3) whether the dealer–homicide association is moderated by community disadvantage. Results replicate and confirm a relationship between dealers and homicides in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Importantly, however, we also find that proximity to noncompliant dealers specifically elevates the risk of lethal violence.Policy implicationsWe detail how a coordinated effort between federal, state, and local agencies to regulate firearm dealers and ensure that legal compliance can be instrumental in reducing gun violence. There is a clear need for increased oversight of gun dealers and more robust policies that hold negligent dealers accountable, including the necessary funding and regulatory manpower to enable regular auditing and support consistent follow‐up for noncompliant dealers. A comprehensive policy framework that supports supply‐side gun violence reduction should include additions to state‐level laws that require record keeping, videotaping and store security, and regular inspection for firearm dealers.
Short cervix and preterm birth in the top end
Authors: Brown Kiarna , Lam Chor Kiu (Maree) , Binks Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundReducing rates of preterm birth (PTB) remains a significant challenge. The Northern Territory (NT) records some of the highest rates of PTB in the country, especially in First Nations women. In 2014, a Western Australian (WA) preterm birth prevention initiative involved the implementation of seven key initiatives. One of these was routine mid‐trimester cervical length measurement. The initiative successfully reduced PTB rates following its first year of implementation. This was the first successful reduction in PTB, including the earlier gestational ages, across a population.AimsTo assess the uptake of routine cervical length measurement in the Top End of the NT after the success of the WA PTB prevention initiative and assess if treatment of a short cervix improved PTB rates.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all women who received antenatal care and delivered their baby at the NT's only tertiary hospital was performed. Mid‐trimester ultrasound scan data were collected from two separate time windows, before and after the implementation of the WA intervention. Treatments and gestational age at birth were recorded.ResultsAdoption of routine screening of cervical length measurement at mid‐trimester ultrasound in the NT was successful, increasing from 4 to 88%. Detection rates of short cervix doubled. However, there was no difference to PTB rates despite targeted management.ConclusionPTB remains a significant challenge in the NT, especially for First Nations women who are found to have a short cervix more commonly than non‐Indigenous women in the Top End.
Mechanical bowel preparation with pre‐operative oral antibiotics in elective colorectal resections: an Australian single institution experience
Authors: Liew Amos Nepacina , Narasimhan Vignesh , Peeroo Saania , Arachchi Asiri , Tay Yeng Kwang , Lim James , Nguyen Thang Chieng , Saranasuriya Chaminda , Suhardja Thomas Surya , Teoh William , Centauri Suellyn , Chouhan Hanumant 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leaks (AL) and surgical site infections (SSI) are serious complications after colorectal resection. Studies have shown the benefits of pre‐operative oral antibiotics (OAB) with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) in reducing AL and SSI rates. We aim to investigate our experience with the short‐term outcomes of AL and SSI following elective colorectal resections in patients receiving OAB with MBP versus MBP only.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed from our database for patients who underwent elective colorectal resection between January 2019 and November 2021. Prior to August 2020, OAB was not used as part of MBP. After 2020, Neomycin and Metronidazole were used in conjunction with MBP. We evaluated differences in AL and SSI between both groups.ResultsFive hundred and seventeen patients were included from our database with 247 having MBP while 270 had OAB and MBP. There was a significantly lower rate of AL in patients receiving MBP and OAB as compared to MBP alone (0.4% versus 3.0%, P‐value = 0.03). The SSI rate at our institution was 4.4%. It was lower in patients with MBP and OAB as compared to MBP alone, but this was not clinically significant (3.3% versus 5.7%, P‐value = 0.19).ConclusionThe association in the reduction of AL with the addition of OAB to the MBP protocol seen here reinforces the need for future randomized controlled trials in the Australasian context. We recommend colorectal institutions in Australian and New Zealand consider OAB with MBP as part of their elective colorectal resection protocol.
Long‐term neurological morbidity among children delivered by vacuum extraction ‐ a national cohort study
Authors: Ulfsdottir Hanna , Ekéus Cecilia , Tedroff Kristina , Åberg Katarina , Järnbert‐Pettersson Hans 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis is the first nationwide cohort study of vacuum extraction (VE) and long‐term neurological morbidity. We hypothesized that VE per se, and not only complicated labor, can cause intracranial bleedings, which could further cause neurological long‐term morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of neonatal mortality, cerebral palsy (CP), and epilepsy among children delivered by VE in a long‐term perspective.Material and methodsThe study population included 1 509 589 term singleton children planned for vaginal birth in Sweden (January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2017). We investigated the risk of neonatal death (ND), CP, and epilepsy among children delivered by VE (successful or failed) and compared their risks with those born by spontaneous vaginal birth and emergency cesarean section (ECS). We used logistic regression to study the adjusted associations with each outcome. The follow‐up time was from birth until December 31, 2019.ResultsThe percentage and total number of children with the outcomes were ND (0.04%, n = 616), CP (0.12%, n = 1822), and epilepsy (0.74%, n = 11 190). Compared with children delivered by ECS, those born by VE had no increased risk of ND, but there was an increased risk for those born after failed VE (adj OR 2.23 [1.33–3.72]). The risk of CP was similar among children born by VE and those born spontaneously vaginally. Further, the risk of CP was similar among children born after failed VE compared with ECS. The risk of epilepsy was not increased among children born by VE (successful/failed), compared with those who had spontaneous vaginal birth or ECS.ConclusionsThe outcomes ND, CP, and epilepsy are rare. In this nationwide cohort study, children born after successful VE had no increased risk of ND, CP or epilepsy compared with those delivered by ECS, but there was an increased risk of ND among those born by failed VE. Concerning the studied outcomes, VE appears to be a safe obstetric intervention; however, it requires a thorough risk assessment and awareness of when to convert to ECS.
Observations and description of a rare escape mechanism in a snake: Cartwheeling in Pseudorabdion longiceps (Cantor, 1847) (Squamata, Colubridea)
Authors: Quah Evan Seng Huat , Grismer Larry Lee , Anuar M. S. Shahrul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report an observation of cartwheeling behavior to escape predators employed by the Dwarf Reed Snake (Pseudorabdion longiceps). This rolling motion is a rare escape mechanism which has not been formally documented in detail for any other species of snake or reptile. This finding also extends our knowledge on the kinetic abilities in snakes.Abstract in Malay is available with online material.