bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the performance of fermionic neural networks with the Slater exponential Ansatz
Authors: Bokhan Denis , Kolchenko Maria M. , Boev Aleksey S. , Fedorov Aleksey K. , Trubnikov Dmitrii N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, we propose a technique for the use of fermionic neural networks (FermiNets) with the Slater exponential Ansatz for electron‐nuclear and electron–electron distances, which provides faster convergence of target ground‐state energies due to a better description of the interparticle interaction in the vicinities of the coalescence points, while the accuracies of results, obtained with original and input‐modified FermiNets are similar due to high expressiveness of underlying neural network. Our analysis of learning curves indicates on the possibility to obtain accurate energies with smaller batch sizes using arguments of the bagging approach. In order to obtain even more accurate results for the ground‐state energies, we propose an extrapolation scheme for estimating Monte Carlo integrals in the limit of an infinite number of points. Numerical tests for a set of molecules demonstrate a good agreement with the results of the original FermiNets approach (achieved with larger batch sizes than required by our approach) and with results of the coupled‐cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) method that are calculated in the complete basis set limit.
Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome affects nocturnal oxygen desaturation: A case report
Authors: Hoshi Mamiko , Kozu Yutaka , Kawamura Michio , Furusho Naho , Ozoe Ryosuke , Jinno Yusuke , Sugaya Kenichi , Hiranuma Hisato , Chin Kazuo , Gon Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA woman in her late 20s who had received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in childhood for ventricular arrhythmia was diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (apnoea–hypopnoea index, 77.1/h), and she began continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Before initiating this treatment, she had moderate hypoxaemia of unknown cause. She was admitted for adjustment of the position of her implantable cardioverter defibrillator, which had caused purple discoloration and ulceration of the overlying skin. On admission, she had dyspnoea and her arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry significantly decreased while sitting. This led to detection of a patent foramen ovale and a right‐to‐left shunt while sitting. We diagnosed platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome with an atrial septal defect. Atrial septal defects should be suspected in hypoxic patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.
Precision Delivery of Dual Immune Inhibitors Loaded Nanomodulator to Reverse Immune Suppression for Combinational Photothermal‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Tian Ying , Younis Muhammad Rizwan , Zhao Yatong , Guo Kai , Wu Jiayingzi , Zhang Longjiang , Huang Peng , Wang Zhongqiu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough photothermal therapy (PTT) can noninvasively kill tumor cells and exert synergistic immunological effects, the immune responses are usually harmed due to the lack of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) pre‐infiltration and co‐existing of intricate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), including the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1)/cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47)/regulatory T cells (Tregs)/M2‐macrophages overexpression. Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase inhibitor (NLG919) or bromodomain extra‐terminal inhibitor (OTX015) holds great promise to reprogram suppressive TME through different pathways, but their collaborative application remains a formidable challenge because of the poor water solubility and low tumor targeting. To address this challenge, a desirable nanomodulator based on dual immune inhibitors loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles is designed. This nanomodulator exhibits excellent biocompatibility and water solubility, PTT, and bimodal magnetic resonance/photoacoustic imaging abilities. Owing to enhanced permeability and retention effect and tumor acidic pH‐responsiveness, both inhibitors are precisely delivered and locally released at tumor sites. Such a nanomodulator significantly reverses the immune suppression of PD‐L1/CD47/Tregs, promotes the activation of CTLs, regulates M2‐macrophages polarization, and further boosts combined therapeutic efficacy, inducing a strong immunological memory. Taken together, the nanomodulator provides a practical approach for combinational photothermal‐immunotherapy, which may be further broadened to other “immune cold” tumors.
A Novel Surfactant with Short Hydrophobic Head and Long Hydrophilic Tail Generates Vesicles with Unique Structural Feature
Authors: Mukherjee Smriti , Shanmugam Ganesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurfactant molecules typically have a long hydrophobic tail and a short hydrophilic head group. It remains unexplored if surfactants can have a short hydrophobic head group and a long hydrophilic tail. Designing such surfactants is a challenge as a lengthy hydrophilic tail would completely solubilize the molecules. In this context, herein, the Fmoc‐functionalized Gly‐Pro‐Hyp (GPO) tripeptide repeat‐based molecule (Fm‐GPO) with fluorenyl moiety as a short hydrophobic head and peptide as a long hydrophilic tail is demonstrated as a reverse surfactant at physiological pH, for the first time. π–π stacking of the fluorenyl moieties and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the peptide chains with extended polyproline‐II structure promoted the self‐assembly into spherical vesicles with a unique feature of a large hydrophilic area in the interior and exterior of the bilayer. The current Fm‐GPO system offers a new class of surfactants with unique features that can aid in the design of drug‐loaded vehicles, which can be target‐specific as the peptide chain can be manipulated with different functional ultra‐short peptide sequences.
Engineering Crystal Growth and Surface Modification of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 Cathode for High‐Energy‐Density Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Kang , Zhao Hongshun , Li Jianbin , Huang Xiaobing , Jia Shuyong , Chen Wenkai , Ren Yurong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNa3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) is a suitable cathode for sodium‐ion batteries owing to its stable structure. However, the large radius of Na+ restricts diffusion kinetics during charging and discharging. Thus, in this study, a phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)‐assisted hydrothermal method is proposed. In the hydrothermal process, the NVPF morphologies vary from bulk to cuboid with varying PMA contents. The optimal channel for accelerated Na+ transmission is obtained by cuboid NVPF. With nitrogen‐doping of carbon, the conductivity of NVPF is further enhanced. Combined with crystal growth engineering and surface modification, the optimal nitrogen‐doped carbon‐covered NVPF cuboid (c‐NVPF@NC) exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 121 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C. Coupled with a commercial hard carbon (CHC) anode, the c‐NVPF@NC||CHC full battery delivers 118 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, thereby achieving a high energy density of 450 Wh kg−1. Therefore, this work provides a novel strategy for boosting electrochemical performance by crystal growth engineering and surface modification.
Charge‐Assisted Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks with Inorganic Ammonium Regulated Switchable Open Polar Sites
Authors: Ding Xiaojun , Luo Yilin , Wang Wei , Hu Tongyang , Chen Jing , Ye Gang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurface open polar sites within the voids of porous molecular crystals define the localized physicochemical environment for critical functions such as gas separation and molecular recognition. This study presents a new charge‐assisted hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding) motif, by exploiting inorganic ammonium (NH4+) cations as H‐bond donors, to regulate the assembly of C2‐symmetric carboxylic tectons for building robust H‐bonded frameworks with permanent ultra‐micropores and open oxygen sites. Diverse building blocks are bridged by tetrahedral NH4+to expand distinctive H‐bonded networks with varied pore architectures. Particularly, the open polar oxygen sites can be switched by altering NH4+sources to tune the deprotonation of carboxyl‐containing tectons. The activated porousPTBA·NH4·DMFpreserves the pore architecture and open polar oxygen sites, exhibiting remarkably selective sorption of CO2(107.8 cm3g−1,195 K) over N2(11.2 cm3g−1, 77 K) and H2(1.4 cm3g−1, 77 K).
Rejecting “normal”: UDL as a lever for equity in rural teacher education
Authors: Fornauf Beth S. , Mascio Bryan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the application of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as a lever for equitable and inclusive pedagogies in teacher education. Building on our prior work as teacher educators in the northeastern United States, we analyze how UDL can be used to support teacher candidates in identifying, interrogating, and resisting problematic practices embedded into the structures of schooling.
Threatened species face similar types and numbers of threats as endangered species when listed under the Endangered Species Act
Authors: Costante Delaney M. , Haines Aaron M. , Leu Matthias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith species increasingly imperiled due to anthropogenic activities, conservation practitioners are tasked with determining conservation priorities to make the best use of limited resources. One way of setting priorities is to categorize species based on risk of extinction. The United States' Endangered Species Act (ESA) has two listing statuses into which imperiled species are placed to receive protections: threatened or endangered. Our objective was to identify differences between threatened and endangered (T&E) species beyond what is outlined in their ESA definitions. For 6 broad‐resolution threats (habitat modification, overutilization, pollution, species‐species interactions, environmental stochasticity, and demographic stochasticity), we investigated whether there is a difference in the number and types of threats which impacted T&E species at the time of their listing. We found that threatened (x̄ = 2.9, SD = 1.4) and endangered (x̄ = 3.0, SD = 1.1) species faced a similar number of threats at time of their listing. The only broad‐resolution threat that impacted endangered species more than threatened species was demographic stochasticity, with endangered species being 2.1 times (95% CI = 1.5–2.8) more likely to be impacted than threatened species. We examined demographic stochasticity by breaking it down into finer‐resolution threats to identify additional differences between T&E species. We found 4 finer‐resolution demographic stochasticity threats (few individuals in one population, few individuals in multiple populations, lack of reproduction, and genetic loss) to be strong predictors of endangered status. The similarities in the number and types of broad‐resolution threats faced by T&E species indicated that they are equally conservation reliant.
Thermal analysis of viscoelastic radiative flow of tri‐hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk using different shaped nanoparticles with applications
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Lone Showkat Ahmad , Saeed Anwar , Kumam Poom , Watthayu Wiboonsak , Galal Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fluid containing solid nanoparticles “nanofluid” performed more effectively compared to conventional fluids. The thermal scientists and scholars considered nanofluid in their research due to its useful applications in different thermal systems. But nanofluid still not enough for the required thermal transport properties. Therefore, the researchers tried to disperse two or more than two nanoparticles which are called hybrid and tri‐hybrid nanofluid. It was tested experimentally that these hybrid nanofluids are more efficient fluids in different cooling systems compared to nanofluid and regular fluids. The present article carried out the research about the suspension of three different kinds of nanoparticles in various shapes for advance cooling applications in industries and engineering problems. The three nanoparticles are cylindrical carbon nanotubes, spherical aluminum oxide, and platelet shaped(Graphene) are mixed in water flowing in a rotating disk. This advance fluid has remarkable enhancement in the heat transfer rate in comparison with regular fluid, mono nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid. In this study viscoelastic radiative ternary hybrid nanofluid is considered on a rotating disk. The solutions are obtained by using the HAM method. For physical interpretation, all the flow parameters are discussed through graphs. The impact of volume fraction on the flow and heat transfer is also evaluated and presented in graphs. From the comparison, it was declared that tri‐hybrid nanofluid has the best thermal performance compared to hybrid and mono nanofluid. Furthermore, radiation increases the temperature of the fluid, while viscoelastic parameter decreases the radial and tangential velocity. From the present study, we noticed that by considering the tri‐hybrid mixture in water, the rate of heat transfer can be enhanced up to 33.69%. Finally, the results obtained show that the tri‐hybrid nanofluid has excellent performance in the heat transfer rate.
The ‘Historical City Centre’ Question: How Have the Historical Centres of Major Cities Changed After the Intervention of the URBAN I Initiative?
Authors: Fernández-García Manuel , Donati Francesca , Navarro Yáñez Clemente J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the main goals of urban planning is to reduce ‘urban inequalities’ between neighbourhoods to promote socio-spatial cohesion within the city. Cohesion is achieved by reducing the social and spatial distance of targeted areas compared to the city as a whole. This chapter aims to contribute to the study of this effect by analysing the social change in intervened neighbourhoods compared to change in all the non-intervened. The areas of five major Spanish cities (Madrid, Malaga, Sevilla, Valencia y Zaragoza), where URBAN initiatives were implemented, were analysed. This chapter presents the change in the neighbourhoods’ relative position—based on residents’ socio-economic status—within the city hierarchy. The difference was explored by comparing and analysing the census data for 1991 and 2001. Evidence suggests that intervened neighbourhoods improved their relative position within the city raking.
Policy Evidence About the Added Value of EU-Integrated Urban Initiatives as Local Policy Mixes
Authors: Navarro Yáñez Clemente J. , Rodríguez-García María Jesús , Guerrero-Mayo María José 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHave local strategies promoted better urban policies and urban spaces? This chapter reviews the main evidence about this question concerning the added value of urban initiatives promoted by the EU in Spain between 1994 and 2013. The first section summarises the evidence presented in previous chapters, in line with the two aspects of added value and the specific research questions proposed about them. The second section interprets the results of the Spanish case, in line with the conceptualisation of these initiatives as multi-level policy mixes and the multi-scalar comparative analysis that is appropriate to explain local integrated strategies in the framework of the European Cohesion Policy.
The Agenda of Urban Sustainable Development Initiatives: Challenges, Goals, and Actions Across Policy Areas
Authors: Herrera-Gutiérrez María Rosa , Muñoz-García Lucía , Pastor-Seller Enrique 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProblems to solve, objectives, and policy actions are the main components of the policy agenda of local strategies. The European framework for sustainable urban development sustains that urban policy initiatives have to pay attention to five main policy sectors to promote sustainable urban development: physical space, economic development, social inclusion, environment, and governance. Applying the CUPPA approach, this chapter analyses the relevance of these five policy sectors as problems, objectives, and policy actions in local projects. Comparing URBAN and URBANA Initiatives, the chapter shows the growing importance of environmental and governance issues. Moreover, the comparison shows a change in the policy frame of URBAN and URBANA programmes from the classical ‘neighbourhood revitalisation’ (centred on physical space and social inclusion) to the current ‘sustainable neighbourhoods’ frame (more comprehensive portfolios across policy sectors and a more important role to community).
The Impact of the URBANA Initiative: Socio-Economic Conditions, Self-Perceived Health and Quality of the Built Environment—A Time-Trend Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Data
Authors: Zapata-Moya Ángel Ramón , Navarro Yáñez Clemente J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyses the potential impacts of the URBANA programme between the periods before and after its implementation. The impact was studied using a quasi-experimental design based on secondary data from the complete series of the Spanish Living Conditions Survey. The impact of the programme on household socio-economic conditions, self-perceived health and the quality of the built environment was studied. In addition, the degree of vulnerability of the neighbourhoods in which the programmes were implemented was taken into account, as the impacts could be conditioned by this contextual dimension. The results suggest some improvements in urban context and health, specifically among those neighbourhoods with higher levels of vulnerability before the intervention process. Therefore, the chapter shows ‘neighbourhood effects’ due to the differences between the selected neighbourhoods and the importance of the selection process in policy design.
LGBTQ+ Professionals’ Euphorias! Site-specific Shifts in LGBTQ+ Education Staff’s Happiness & Comfort
Authors: Jones Tiffany 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) education professionals have been portrayed negatively in education research literature and can be fired in religious institutions. This chapter investigates 229 LGBTQ+ professionals’ euphorias in their employing education institutions. Almost half of LGBTQ+ staff were euphoric about their identities at school especially if out or in urban/suburban contexts. Many were euphoric often. Institutional Inclusion, Acceptance, and Pride Generativity euphorias dominated. Over two-thirds of staff reported changes to euphorias, including (1) site-specific shifts in Institutional Inclusion and Acceptance euphorias depending on the support employment bodies and communities, employment security and safety concerns and (2) a less pronounced slow increase of Community Connection euphoria, especially relative to the disclosure, education, and activist efforts of colleagues. Changes had site-specific or variable qualities.
Rebooting IT Security Awareness – How Organisations Can Encourage and Sustain Secure Behaviours
Authors: Sasse M. Angela , Hielscher Jonas , Friedauer Jennifer , Buckmann Annalina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost organisations are using online security awareness training and simulated phishing attacks to encourage their employees to behave securely. Buying off-the-shelf training packages and making it mandatory for all employees to complete them is easy, and satisfies most regulatory and audit requirements, but does not lead to secure behaviour becoming a routine. In this paper, we identify the additional steps employees must go through to develop secure routines, and the blockers that stop a new behaviour from becoming a routine. Our key message is: security awareness as we know it is only the first step; organisations who want employees have to do more to smooth the path: they have to ensure that secure behaviour is feasible, and support their staff through the stages of the Security Behaviour Curve – concordance, self-efficacy, and embedding – for secure behaviour to become a routine. We provide examples of those organisational activities, and specific recommendations to different organisational stakeholders.
The Effects of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Network Infrastructures Through the Lens of BGP
Authors: Tsiatsikas Zisis , Karopoulos Georgios , Kambourakis Georgios 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the most critical building blocks of the reliable operation of the Internet is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) that is used to exchange routing messages, signaling active and defective routing paths. During large-scale catastrophic incidents, such as conventional military operations or cyberwarfare, the stability of the Internet is affected, causing the announcements of defective routing paths to increase substantially. This work studies the relation between major incidents, such as armed conflicts in a country scale, and the corresponding network outages observed in the core of the Internet infrastructure as announced by BGP. We focus on the Russo-Ukrainian war as a timely and prominent use case and examine geolocalized BGP data for a 2-month period. Our methodology allows us to cherry-pick long-term network outages among temporary interruptions of service in this specific time window, and pinpoint them to the areas of the operations. Our results indicate that there is a high correlation between the start of military operations and network outages in a city and country level. Furthermore, we show that the last few days before the start of the operations network outages rise as well, indicating that preparatory cyberattack activities take place. No less important, network outages remain at much higher than usual levels during the operations, something that can be attributed to infrastructure destruction possibly backed by cyberattacks.
Flavor-changing light bosons with accidental longevity
Authors: Ema Yohei , Liu Zhen , Lyu Kun-Feng , Pospelov Maxim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider a model with a complex scalar field that couples to (e, μ) or (μ, τ) within the “longevity” window: $$ \left[|{m}_{l_1}-{m}_{l_2}|,{m}_{l_1}+{m}_{l_2}\right] $$

m

l
1

−

m

l
2

m

l
1

+

m

l
2

in which l1 and l2 are the two different charged leptons. Within such a mass window, even a relatively large coupling (e.g. of the size commensurate with the current accuracy/discrepancy in the muon g − 2 experiment) leads to long lifetimes and macroscopic propagation distance between production and decay points. We propose to exploit several existing neutrino experiments and one future experiment to probe the parameter space of this model. For the μ − e sector, we exploit the muonium decay branching ratio and the production and decay sequence at the LSND experiment, excluding the parametric region suggested by gμ − 2 anomaly. For the τ − μ sector, we analyze three main production mechanisms of scalars at beam dump experiments: the Drell-Yan process, the heavy meson decay, and the muon scattering. We explore the constraints from the past CHARM and NuTeV experiments, and evaluate sensitivity for the proposed beam dump experiment, SHiP. The latter can thoroughly probe the parameter space relevant for the gμ− 2 anomaly.