bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of a Sheep Red Blood Cell Receptor by a Murine Lymphoma
Authors: Callahan Gerald N. , Pellegrino Michele A. , Ferrone Soldano , Haubrich Linda , Reisfeld Ralph A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine 6C3HED lymphoma cells were found to rosette with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Normal C3H lymphocytes did not exhibit this property. This rosetting capacity of 6C3HED cells was found to be an accurate and reproducible means for discriminating between normal and tumor cells. The SRBC receptor on these lymphoma cells appeared to be serologically distinct from that expressed by normal human T lymphocytes since reciprocal blocking experiments demonstrated that inhibitory antisera were not cross-reactive. The expression of the SRBC receptor by the 6C3HED cells appeared to correlate with the expression of a tumor-associated antigen and was spatially related to an antigen expressed by 6C3HED and normal neonatal but not adult mouse cells.
Generation of Biologic Activity from the Purified α-Chain of C5
Authors: Phan Sem H. , Ward Peter A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The α- and β-chains of the fifth component of human complement (C5) have been isolated and their physical and biologic properties have been characterized. After electrophoresis in SDS-poly-acrylamide slab gels, the chains were eluted from the gels and extensively dialyzed. The amino acid composition of each chain was then determined. On SDS-gels, the α-chain was PAS positive whereas the β-chain revealed little or no staining. As a measure of chemotactic activity, the lysosomal enzyme-releasing activity of both chains was examined before and after trypsinization; activity resided almost entirely in the α subunit. Reconstitution of C5 from its isolated chains, followed by trypsinization resulted in slightly less activity than that from the individual α subunit. These findings provide direct support for previous evidence suggesting the biologic activity for neutrophils derives entirely from the α subunit of C5. This represents the first report of direct recovery of biologic activity from a purified subunit chain of C5.
Antigen Specific T Cell-Mediated Suppression
Authors: Pierres M. , Benacerraf B. , Germain R. N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In nonresponder (NR) mice bearing the H-2p, q, s haplotypes, in vivo priming with L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) leads to a predominant suppressor T cell (Ts) response. Cell-free extracts obtained by sonication of such GAT-Ts contain a material(s) (GAT-TsE) that suppresses the GAT-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to the immunogenic complex GAT-methylated bovine serum albumin (GAT-MBSA) in syngeneic or allogeneic NR strains. In contrast, GAT-TsE fails to directly suppress the anti-GAT PFC response of various responder (R) strains. We have recently described experimental conditions that allow the in vitro generation of GAT-Ts by using R spleen cells. We now report that culture supernatants of such in vitro induced GAT-Ts, generated in the absence of appropriate macrophage antigen presentation, contain a T cell-derived suppressive material (GAT-TsF) that 1) acts without apparent genetic restriction on the primary in vitro GAT PFC response of R and NR mice, 2) binds specifically to antigen (GAT), and 3) bears determinants coded for by the I-J subregion of the H-2 complex. In addition, coculture of R spleen cells with in vitro derived GAT-TsF leads to the induction of new GAT-Ts (Ts2) able to suppress syngeneic primary GAT PFC responses in vitro. These observations provide insight into the means by which GAT-Ts regulate GAT responses in R mice, as well as raise questions concerning the relationship between GAT-TsE and GAT-TsF.
Membrane Orientation and Location of Multiple and Distinct Allotypic Determinants of Mouse Lymphocyte IgD
Authors: Kessler Steven W. , Woods Virgil L. , Finkelman Fred D. , Scher Irwin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The general structure, surface orientation, and location of allotypic determinants of mouse lymphocyte IgD have been deduced by enzymatic and immunochemical dissection of this molecule on the cell membrane. After limited trypsin digestion of IgD of the a (and cross-reacting c) and b allotypes, IgD was no longer detectable on cell surfaces by immunofluorescent staining with an antiserum against light chain determinants, an allotype specific heteroantiserum against IgDa, and a hybridoma antibody specific for the IgDb allotype. Immunoprecipitations performed with these reagents and m.w. analyses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, after lactoperoxidase-catalyzed cell radioiodination and trypsin digestion, indicated that the respective cleavage fragments were contained in the incubation medium and corresponded to the Fab portion of IgD. On the other hand, trypsin digestion reduced, but did not eliminate immunofluorescent staining with a heteroantiserum that bound IgD determinants common to all allotypes, and straining with two other hybridoma antibodies specific for the a and b allotypes of IgD was only minimally affected. Immunoprecipitations with these reagents indicated that the respective antigenic fragments, corresponding to the Fc portion of IgD, were retained on the cell membrane. Therefore, mouse lymphocyte IgD contains distinct allotypic determinants on both the Fab and Fc portions. Furthermore, it was determined that both fragments bore carbohydrate moieties by lentil lectin chromatography, and that cleavage took place NH2-terminal to a disulfide bond joining the two heavy chains in the Fc region. These findings point to a high degree of structural homology between mouse membrane IgD and human IgD myeloma proteins.
Functional Characterization of Mouse Lymphocyte Subpopulations Identified by Their Natural Binding of Bacteria
Authors: Chen Wen-Yuan , Teodorescu Marius , Mayer Eugene P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three mouse B cell subpopulations (B1, B2 and B3) can be identified by their natural binding of bacteria. To determine whether these subpopulations have unique functions, we assayed the number of anti-SRBC-secreting cells and the number of Ig-secreting cells in unseparated populations and in populations in which the B2 and B3 cells were removed by immobilized monolayers of Escherichia coli-2, a bacteria that binds B2 and B3 cells. Essentially all of the plaque-forming cells present in the unseparated population were found in the B1-enriched population, suggesting that most of the antibody-secreting and Ig-secreting cells were in the B1 subpopulation. To show conclusively that the anti-SRBC-secreting cells resided in the B1 subpopulation, the Jerne plaque assay was performed on slides by using lymphocytes prelabeled with various bacteria and the cells that gave rise to the plaques were directly examined. Essentially all of the secreting cells were labeled with Corynebacterium xerosis, which binds to the B1 and B2 cells, whereas very few of the secreting cells were labeled with Arizona hinshawii, which binds to the B2 cells, or with Escherichia coli-2, which binds to the B2 and B3 cells. Thus, the B1 subpopulation contained essentially all of the antibody-secreting cells, which indicates that the B cell subpopulations identified by bacteria are functionally different.
Autoimmune Reactions Against Liver Cells by Syngeneic Neuraminidase-Treated Lymphocytes
Authors: Kolb-Bachofen Victoria , Kolb Hubert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have found that the entrapment of neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes in the liver leads to the induction of autoimmune cellular cytotoxic reactions.
Lymphocytes from mouse spleen and thymus were incubated with neuraminidase in vitro and injected i.v. into syngeneic recipients. Lymphocytic infiltrations into the liver were seen 7 days later with both types of cells. After repeated weekly injections of asialo-lymphocytes, destruction of liver tissue became apparent. Electronmicroscopic studies showed that hepatocytes, fat storage cells, and endothelial cells were affected, mainly at the hepatic periphery.
It is concluded that the adhesion of asialo-lymphocytes to liver cells induces their cytotoxic activity. Similar reactions may occur after paramyxovirus infection due to the action of viral neuraminidase.
Immunopotentiating Effects of Amphotericin B
Authors: Shirley Sandra F. , Little J. Russell 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Contact sensitivity responses to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) or oxazolone were enhanced by amphotericin B (AmB) administration. This adjuvant effect of AmB was documented in mice by ear thickness measurements, ear histology, and the 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine-125I ear assay. The optimum immunopotentiating effect of AmB required its simultaneous administration at the time of skin sensitization. AmB-induced adjuvant effects were also observed in adoptive transfer experiments in which syngeneic recipients of lymph node cells from animals sensitized with DNFB plus AmB gave stronger contact sensitivity responses than recipients of cells from mice sensitized with DNFB alone. AmB also interfered with tolerance induction by i.v. dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, suggesting that its adjuvant effects involve inhibition of suppressor cells or their precursors.
Immunopotentiating Effects of Amphotericin B
Authors: Shirley Sandra F. , Little J. Russell 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Enhanced in vitro proliferative responses to DNBSO3 were seen in lymph node cells and spleen cells after in vivo sensitization of mice with DNFB plus AmB compared with mice primed with DNFB alone. The T cell proliferation in the nylon column nonadherent fraction for both groups was highly similar, and the enhanced lymph node cell proliferation with AmB was demonstrated to be in the nylon adherent population consisting of both T and B cells.
These and earlier studies of immunopotentiation by AmB are consistent with a mechanism that depends on selective interaction of the polyene with a subset of T cells and a resultant impairment of the normally induced suppressor regulation that limits the magnitude and duration of immune responses.
Natural Killing in Estrogen-Treated Mice Responds Poorly to Poly I·C Despite Normal Stimulation of Circulating Interferon
Authors: Seaman William E. , Merigan Thomas C. , Talal Norman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Natural killing by mouse spleen cells can be stimulated in vivo by interferon or by agents that stimulate interferon, such as poly I·C. Natural killing can be suppressed in vivo by the sustained administration of 17β-estradiol. In BALB/c mice that had been treated with 17β-estradiol for 10 weeks, natural killing did not respond to intravenous poly I·C, although stimulation of circulating interferon was equal to controls. Estradiol, then, does not block interferon production but does suppress the response of natural killer cells to interferon. It is suggested that estrogens either block the maturation of natural killer cells or reduce the number of natural killer cell precursors.
Human Cell Membrane Components Dominant in T Cell Lineage: Identification and Characterization of Human TL-Like Antigens
Authors: Tanigaki Nobuyuki , Tokuyama Haruhiko , Fukunishi Tokanobu , Minowada Jun , Pressman David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cell membrane components that contain β2-microglobulin were purified from cells of a human T cell-type leukemia cell line, HPB-ALL. They contained membrane components that have the same molecular size and the same subunit structure as HLA(A,B,C) antigens but are separable from the typical β2-microglobulin-containing cell membrane components, i.e., the HLA(A,B,C) antigens, by xenoantibody reagents. A sensitive radioimmunoassay was constructed for detection of the T cell membrane components. The assay revealed that the cell membrane components are expressed exclusively on cells of T cell-type leukemia cell lines among the human lymphoid cell lines tested, predominantly in thymus, among the human organs and tissues tested. They were not present on cells of human B cell-type cell lines or on cells of nonlymphoid organs and tissues. No alloantibodies directed to the T cell membrane components, the putative human homologues of mouse TL antigens, were found in any of the human tissue typing sera tested.
Stimulation of the in vivo dinitrophenyl antibody response to the DNP conjugate of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-Tyrosine10 (GAT) polymer by a synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (MDP): target cells for adjuvant activity and isotypic pattern of MDP-stimulated response.
Authors: Lowy I , Theze J , Chedid L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Specific anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) response to DNP-conjugated L-glutamine60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (DNP-GAT) was obtained in GAT-responder mice by using synthetic N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) as adjuvant. Significant levels of anti-DNP antibodies were observed during a secondary response to DNP-GAT, when both antigen and MDP were used for priming. In this system, MDP was able to prime the carrier-specific T cells but not the hapten specific B cells. The study of the isotypic pattern of the anti-DNP response shows that MDP stimulates only the appearance of specific anti-DNP IgG1 plaque-forming cells. Anti-DNP plaque-forming cells were stimulated in animals primed with DNP-GAT in Freund's complete adjuvant or in Maalox-pertussis and used as control IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b.
Inhibition of mitogen-induced polyclonal activation by by a synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (MDP).
Authors: Löwy I , Leclerc C , Bourgeois E , Chedid L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A synthetic adjuvant, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), was previously shown to enhance polyclonal antibody response in murine spleen cell cultures. When MDP was added to the culture together with a potent murine B cell mitogen (such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)), it inhibited completely the LPS-induced polyclonal activation without affecting either the 3H-thymidine incorporation or the number of blast cells in cultures. Strong suppression of mitogen-induced polyclonal activation by MDP was obtained by using a large range of cell concentrations in cultures and over various dosage levels of the stimulating mitogens (LPS and NWSM). An inhibition could be obtained even when MDP was added 24 hr after the addition of the mitogen, and highly significant suppression was observed in the absence of cell division in the cultures.
Physical properties of cytomegalorvirus immune complexes prepared with IgG neutralizing antibody, anti-IgG, and complement.
Authors: Rundell B B , Betts R F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) strain AD 169 was reacted with IgG antibody (ab) from a CMV-infected renal transplant patient. A portion of he virus was neutralized, but infectious CMV-ab complexes that could be neutralized by adding rabbit anti-human IgG (A-IgG) or complement (C) were also generated. The immune complexes were examined, and the following observations were made: 1) CMV ab sufficient to cause 94% neutralization did not induce measurable changes in virion size or density. 2) The CMV-ab complexes increased slightly in size after reaction with A-IgG. 3) C increased the size and density of CMV-ab complexes to a greater degree than A-IgG. Virus aggregation did not occur with ab alone or with ab + A-IgG. However, clumping may have occurred in the presence of ab + C. 4) C also damaged virus envelopes, rendering viral DNA sensitive to DNase. 5) CMV-ab complexes absorbed to host cells as efficiently as native CMV. A-IgG or C partially inhibited complex attachment to the cells and increased the rate of release of cell-attached CMV. These findings suggest that virus neutralization may occur in a multistage process by more than one mechanism depending on the immune reagents employed. The physical changes in virus particles caused by A-IgG or C may be contributing factors in the neutralization process.
Surface markers of a purified peritoneal eosinophil population from Mesocestoides corti-infected BALB/c male mice.
Authors: Hogarth P M , Cruise K M , McKenzie I F , Mitchell G F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Eosinophils of approximately 95% purity were prepared from the peritoneal cavities of BALB/c male mice infected with larval cestode, Mesocestoides corti. The alloantigenic surface marker phenotype of this cell population was shown to be H-2+Ly4+Ly5+Lyt-1-,2-,3-Ly-6-,7-Ia-Thy-1-TL-. Two of four anti-Lyt-2 sera were positive when tested on purified eosinophils by using the Staphylococcus aureus protein A sheep erythrocyte rosetting method, but absorption studies indicated that this reaction was not due to anti-Lyt-2 antibodies. Eosinophils are therefore Lyt-2-, although some Lyt-2 sera contain additional eosinophil reactive antibodies. A proportion (20 to 40%) of the population of eosinophils was positive for the Fc receptor, but all were negative for the C3 receptor and for surface immunoglobulin.
Restriction of antigen recognition in mouse B lymphocytes by genes mapping within the major histocompatibility complex.
Authors: Gorczynski R M , Kennedy M J , MacRae S , Steele E J , Cunningham A J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
B cells, like T cells, show genetic restrictions in their interactions with other cells. B cells from (C3H/HeJ X C57BL/6J)F1 mice were stimulated with foreign antigen (sheep erythrocytes, SRBC) in parental-strain irradiated hosts. They could be subsequently activated to antibody formation in vitro by SRBC presented on cells of the same parental type, and much less by SRBC on cells of the other parental type. The restriction was seen whether antigen was presented on macrophages or by activated T cells. Experiments with congenic mice showed that the restriction was controlled by the MHC locus. Restriction of F1 B cells to responsiveness against either parental haplotype was much more readily induced in bone marrow than in splenic populations. This restriction could be broken down by giving the irradiated host a second injection of antigen 3 weeks after the first; this probably reflects "reeducation" of the F1 B cells by SRBC associated with donor, F1-type macrophages. Normal unprimed spleen B cells also showed a strong preference for activation by SRBC in association with syngeneic activated T cells.
Characterization of in vitro T lymphocyte colonies from normal mouse spleen cells: colonies containing cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors.
Authors: Ching L M , Miller R G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The functional activity of T cell colonies grown from normal murine spleen cells has been examined. Up to 75% of the T cell colonies contain cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors (CLP). One out of three colonies contains CLP, which can respond to a given foreign H-2 haplotype. The CLP from the T cell colonies appear identical to the CLP in lymph node tissues in their degree of cross-reactivity and requirement for accessory cells. The effector cells produced were shown to be T lymphocytes. Karyotypic analysis of the cells in colonies grown from a mixture of T6-marked and normal spleen cells indicated that individual colonies were formed from an initial small aggregate of cells. Radiation survival data indicated that the colony-forming unit contains three or fewer proliferating cells.
Cyclic AMP modulation of Fc receptor expression on a pre-B cell lymphoma.
Authors: Burchiel S W , Warner N L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cyclic AMP-elevating agents have been shown to increase the expression of Fc receptors on the Abelson virus-induced pre-B cell tumor ABE-8. Such agents included isoproterenol, PGE1, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine, and 8 BrcAMP. The positive inductive effect produced by these agents was inhibited by 8 BrcGMP and PGF2 alpha, which putatively elevate cyclic GMP levels. Other agents also shown to induce Fc receptor expression were LPS and certain batches of fetal calf sera. In contrast to the inductive effect produced by cyclic AMP elevating agents, 8 BrcGMP and PGF2 alpha were unable to reverse the increased Fc receptor expression produced by LPS and fetal calf sera. Thus, these latter agents may act via a qualitatively different mechanism in producing a change in phenotypic expression. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the use of tumor cells as a model system for studying the pharmacologic control of lymphocyte differentiation.
Lymphocyte function in experimental African trypanosomiasis. III. Loss of lymph node cell responsiveness.
Authors: Wellhausen S R , Mansfield J M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relationship between immunosuppression and suppressor cell activity in the lymphoid organs of animals with experimental African trypanosomiasis has been examined further. In the present study we measure the primary in vitro PFC response to SRBC by spleen and lymph node cells from Trypanosoma rhodesiense infected or drug-cured C57BL/6 mice. Passive transfer experiments with this culture system tested for the presence or absence of suppressor cells. We demonstrate that infected mice exhibit immunosuppression in the spleen cell population several weeks before becoming suppressed at the level of the lymph node cell populations. Although suppressor cells are present in immunosuppressed spleen cell populations, suppression of lymph node cell responsiveness was not attributable to suppressor cells detectable withi, lymph nodes. After Berenil treatment of terminally infected mice immunocompetence was restored gradually, first to the lymph node cells and subsequently to the spleen cell population. Recovery of spleen cell responsiveness was attributable to the loss of detectable suppressor cell activity within spleens. These results demonstrate that there is anatomical restriction of the suppressor cell population to trypanosome-infected mouse spleen and that loss of immunocompetence in the lymph nodes may be due to factors unrelated to suppressor cell effects.
Interactions among rheumatoid synovial cells and monocyte-macrophages: production of collagenase-stimulating factor by human monocytes exposed to concanavalin A or immunoglobulin Fc fragments.
Authors: Dayer J M , Passwell J H , Schneeberger E E , Krane S M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Adherent synovial cells (ASC) were obtained from minced synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis by dissociating the lining cells from the extracellular matrix and dispersing them with proteases. These cells produce high levels of latent collagenase in primary culture. With passage of ASC, collagenase levels decrease but can be stimulated by a soluble factor (MCF) released in vitro from cultured human blood monocyte-macrophages. Monocyte cultures exposed to aggregated immunoglobulin, Fc fragments of immunoglobulin or concanavalin A (Con A) increase production of MCF several-fold more than the control cultures. MCF production by monocytes exposed to Fab fragments does not differ from controls. Although aggregated immunoglobulin, Fc fragments, and Con A stimulate PGE2 synthesis and secretion by human monocytes, the effects on MCF production are not mediated by PGE2 since concentrations of indomethacin that completely block PGE2 production do not inhibit MCF production. These findings of increased production of MCF by monocytes in response to substances that probably exert their effects via surface receptors could be relevant in interpreting the in vivo role of immune complexes in diseases associated with connective tissue destruction.