bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the linkages between maternity services and postpartum modern contraceptive adoption among young women in India: Insights from the 2015–16 and 2019–21 National Family Health Survey
Authors: Biswas Monirujjaman , Banerjee Anuradha 
Published: August 2023

Background
The adoption of maternity services and postpartum modern contraception are the two most crucial components that help in reducing maternal and infant mortality; still, India is consistently struggling with it. This paper, therefore, aimed to examine the linkages between use of maternity services and postpartum modern contraceptive adoption.

Data and methods
The required reproductive calendar data were extracted from the 2015–16 and 2019–21 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) datasets. The assessment was made based on a sample of currently married women aged 15–24 years who had given most recent childbirth in five years preceding the survey. For the analysis, a time-to-event approach was applied using the Kaplan-Meier survival statistic, Log-Rank Chi-square test and Cox-Proportional Hazard (Cox-PH) models.

Results
The results revealed that the proportion of postpartum modern contraceptive uptake among young users increased by 9%, from 33% in 2015–16 to 42% in 2019–21. The Cox-PH models revealed that, in both NFHS waves, the associations between various components of maternity services and postpartum modern contraceptive uptake were strongly significant, even after controlling for selected socio-economic and demographic correlates.

Conclusions
The findings of this study reinforced urgent need for implementing integrated maternal-child health and family planning programmes and for boosting effective family planning counselling by health professionals to promote and motivate young women with a desire to early adoption of modern contraception in subsequent months after a recent childbirth.
Interventions targeting children and young people’s physical activity behavior at home: A systematic review
Authors: Seims Amanda L. , Hall Jennifer , Bingham Daniel D. , Creaser Amy , Christoforou Anastasia , Barber Sally , Daly-Smith Andy 
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose
Increased time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased children’s physical activity. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of children’s home-based physical activity interventions, and identify ‘active ingredients’ underpinning these.

Methods
Databases searched—AMED, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science, from inception until June 2022. Eligibility criteria–children aged 2–16 years, targeting home-based physical activity, a control group, and physical activity measured pre- and post- intervention. Studies were excluded if it was not possible to identify change in physical activity at home. The review was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. Study quality was evaluated using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Study design, intervention characteristics, outcome data, behavior change theory, Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) and process evaluation data were extracted and discussed using narrative syntheses.

Results
13 studies (including 1,182 participants) from 25,967 were included. Interventions primarily involved active video games, with the addition of coaching or telehealth support (n = 5). Three of the 13 studies significantly increased children’s physical activity (1 = Moderate to vigorous physical activity, 2 = total volume, P<0.05). The largest effect size (d = 3.45) was for moderate to vigorous physical activity. 29% of BCTs were identified across included interventions; the most common being adding objects to the environment. The most effective intervention scored strong for design quality, incorporated telehealth coaching, and included the most commonly coded BCTs. Variation among studies and insufficient reporting of data made a meta-analysis unfeasible.

Conclusion
COVID-19 emphasized the importance of the home for physical activity. Whilst effectiveness of interventions was limited, building social support and self-efficacy are mechanisms that should be explored further. The review provides recommendations to improve the design and evaluation of future interventions.

Trial registration
Prospero registration number: CRD42020193110.
Validation study of case-identifying algorithms for severe hypoglycemia using hospital administrative data in Japan
Authors: Osaga Satoshi , Kimura Takeshi , Okumura Yasuyuki , Chin Rina , Imori Makoto , Minatoya Machiko 
Published: August 2023

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of algorithms for identifying cases of severe hypoglycemia in Japanese hospital administrative data.

Methods
This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study conducted at 3 acute-care hospitals in Japan. The study population included patients aged ≥18 years with diabetes who had an outpatient visit or hospital admission for possible hypoglycemia. Possible cases of severe hypoglycemia were identified using health insurance claims data and Diagnosis Procedure Combination data. Sixty-one algorithms using combinations of diagnostic codes and prescription of high concentration (≥20% mass/volume) injectable glucose were used to define severe hypoglycemia. Independent manual chart reviews by 2 physicians at each hospital were used as the reference standard. Algorithm validity was evaluated using standard performance metrics.

Results
In total, 336 possible cases of severe hypoglycemia were identified, and 260 were consecutively sampled for validation. The best performing algorithms included 6 algorithms that had sensitivity ≥0.75, and 6 algorithms that had positive predictive values ≥0.75 with sensitivity ≥0.30. The best-performing algorithm with sensitivity ≥0.75 included any diagnoses for possible hypoglycemia or prescription of high-concentration glucose but excluded suspected diagnoses (sensitivity: 0.986 [95% confidence interval 0.959–1.013]; positive predictive value: 0.345 [0.280–0.410]). Restricting the algorithm definition to those with both a diagnosis of possible hypoglycemia and a prescription of high-concentration glucose improved the performance of the algorithm to correctly classify cases as severe hypoglycemia but lowered sensitivity (sensitivity: 0.375 [0.263–0.487]; positive predictive value: 0.771 [0.632–0.911]).

Conclusion
The case-identifying algorithms in this study showed moderate positive predictive value and sensitivity for identification of severe hypoglycemia in Japanese healthcare data and can be employed by future pharmacoepidemiological studies using Japanese hospital administrative databases.
The Undeclared, Declassified: West New Guinea and the 1969 Act of Free Choice
Authors: Poulgrain Greg 
Published: August 2023

This article deals with the ‘Act of Free Choice’ (AFC/Pepera) whereby Indonesia officially took control of West New Guinea under the auspices of the United Nations (UN). The event itself took place in 1969 as preordained in the terms of the New York Agreement of August 1962 drawn up by US diplomat, Ellsworth Bunker. In both the 1962 Agreement and the 1969 AFC, Adam Malik was the principal Indonesian participant; and in both, according to his 1969 Report, the role of the UN was really no more than a bystander. Yet it was the authority of the UN which ultimately provided approval of Indonesian sovereignty as the outcome of the AFC. How this came about is evident from a close inspection of US declassified telegrams from 1966-1999. Two principal questions arise: the first pertains to the motivation of the various US diplomats involved, such as Bunker, Marshall Green (US Ambassador to Indonesia 1965-69) and Henry Kissinger, who were linked to Rockefeller mining interests focused on gaining access to the world’s largest gold mine in West New Guinea; and the second pertains to the rights of the Papuan people as the inhabitants of the territory in question. In the written words and opinions of the persons who were actually involved in the preparation and execution of the AFC/Pepera, there is often no compunction in disregarding UN principles, and yet there is a willingness, when it suits, to utilize UN authority as the arbiter of international justice.
The Risk of Natural Catastrophe in Early America: Perspectives from the Phoenix Assurance Company London and Nascent US Insurers
Authors: Engel Elisabeth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper surveys insurance policies and proposals by companies that operated in the decades around 1800 in different regions of the North American continent. Our survey serves to compose a landscape of environmental risks that early insurers registered. This line of inquiry merits special attention for records of the Phoenix Assurance Company London, which include a unique documentation of natural hazards shaped by the risk inspection tour of the British insurance expert Jenkin Jones. We attempt to offer a long-term view on those natural catastrophes and disaster-prone regions that hold a prominent place in American memory since the late nineteenth century.
Random dynamics on real and complex projective surfaces
Authors: Cantat Serge , Dujardin Romain 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We initiate the study of random iteration of automorphisms of real and complex projective surfaces, as well as compact Kähler surfaces, focusing on the classification of stationary measures.
We show that, in a number of cases, such stationary measures are invariant and provide criteria for uniqueness, smoothness and rigidity of invariant probability measures.
This involves a variety of tools from complex and algebraic geometry, random products of matrices, non-uniform hyperbolicity, as well as recent results of Brown and Rodriguez Hertz on random iteration of surface diffeomorphisms.
Evolution of microstructure and properties of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: Wang Zhenhui , Ji Pengcheng , Wang Gang , Jia Yandong , Wang Hui , An Xuguang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy was prepared by selective laser melting as a function of processing parameters by adopting the single factor variable method. The influence of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated in detail. The results show that the alloy maintained a single-phase fcc structure, the microstructure is anisotropic and shows the presence of a high density of dislocations accumulated and entangled inside the grains. The ductility has a significant influence on the level of porosity, which in turn depends on the process parameters. Especially with the variation of hatch spacing, the elongation at break differs by at most 20.9 %.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-(μ
2-1,3-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propane-κ
2
N:N′)-bis(μ
2-5-carboxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylato-O,O′:O″)-aqua-di-zinc dihydrate solvate], C27H28N4O16Zn2
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Jia-Xin , Huang Pei-Pei , Wu Ting-Ting , Gao Jia-Hao , Lu Jiu-Fu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
C27H28N4O16Zn2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.0720(3) Å, b = 15.7589(5) Å, c = 15.7589(5) Å, β = 95.373(3)°, V = 3062.48(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0499, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1059, T = 294 K.
Not another paper on Lefkandi and Eretria! A communo-centric approach to the creation of collective identities in Lefkandi and Eretria
Authors: Giamakis Christos 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to explore the role monuments and monumentality play in the creation of collective identities in early Greece by focusing on two case studies, Lefkandi and Eretria. Equal emphasis will be given to the study of both the burials and the buildings that were subsequently created in honour of the deceased, transforming both sites from individual monuments to collective ones. People’s perceptions of the monuments changed over time affecting their monumentality hence influencing the emergence of collective identities centred around the Toumba cemetery and the West Gate cemetery at Lefkandi and Eretria respectively.
Improving the performance of artificial neural networks trained on synthetic data in gas spectroscopy – a study on two sensing approaches
Authors: Goldschmidt Jens , Moser Elisabeth , Nitzsche Leonard , Bierl Rudolf , Wöllenstein Jürgen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArtificial neural networks (ANNs) are used in quantitative infrared gas spectroscopy to predict concentrations on multi-component absorption spectra. Training of ANNs requires vast amounts of labelled training data which may be elaborate and time consuming to obtain. Additional data can be gained by the utilization of synthetically generated spectra, but at the cost of systematic deviations to measured data. Here, we present two approaches to train ANNs with a combination of comparatively small, measured data sets and synthetically generated data. For the first approach a neural network is trained hybridly with synthetically generated infrared absorption spectra of mixtures of N2O and CO and measured zero-gas spectra, taken with a mid-infrared dual comb spectrometer. This improves the mean absolute error (MAE) of the network predictions from 0.46 to 0.01 ppmV and 0.24 to 0.01 ppmV for the concentration predictions of N2O and CO respectively for zero-gas measurements which was previously observed for training with purely synthetic data. At the same time a similar performance on spectra from gas mixtures of 0–100 ppmV N2O and 0 to 60 ppmV CO was achieved. For the second approach an ANN pre-trained on synthetic infrared spectra of mixtures of acetone and ethanol is retrained on a small dataset consisting of 26 spectra taken with a mid-infrared photoacoustic spectrometer. In this case the MAE for the concentration predictions of ethanol and acetone are improved by 45 % and 20 % in comparison to purely synthetic training. This shows the capability of using synthetically generated data to train ANNs in combination with small amounts of measured data to further improve neural networks for gas sensing and the transferability between different sensing approaches.
Individual Muscle Contributions to the Acceleration of the Center of Mass During the Barbell Back Squat in Trained Female Subjects
Authors: Goodman William W. , Helms Eric , Graham David F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Goodman, WW, Helms, E, and Graham, DF. Individual muscle contributions to the acceleration of the center of mass during the barbell back squat in trained female subjects. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 1947–1954, 2023—The squat is used to enhance performance and rehabilitate the lower body. However, muscle forces and how muscles accelerate the center of mass (CoM) are not well understood. The purpose was to determine how lower extremity muscles contribute to the vertical acceleration of the CoM when squatting to parallel using 85% one-repetition maximum. Thirteen female subjects performed squats in a randomized fashion. Musculoskeletal modeling was used to obtain muscle forces and muscle-induced accelerations. The vasti, soleus, and gluteus maximus generated the largest upward accelerations of the CoM, whereas the muscles that produced the largest downward acceleration about the CoM were the hamstrings, iliopsoas, adductors, and tibialis anterior. Our findings indicate that a muscle's function is task and posture specific. That is, muscle function depends on both joint position and how an individual is interacting with the environment.
First experiments with carbon black pigment dispersion acting as a Janus ultrasound contrast agent
Authors: Jordaan Jean de Bruin , Nixon Ken J. , Carlson Craig S. , Postema Michiel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Theranostic ultrasound contrast agents comprise a therapeutic component whose controlled release is triggered by an ultrasound pulse. However, once the therapeutic component has been released from an ultrasound contrast agent microbubble, its intended uptake cannot be monitored, as its acoustically active host has been destroyed. Acoustic Janus particles, whose hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties depend on the external acoustic regime, are of potential use as contrast agents and drug-delivery tracers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that submicron particles with Janus properties may act as ultrasound contrast agents whose hydrophobicity changes over time.

Methods: Fifty samples of carbon black were subjected to 5-minute sonication with pulses with a center frequency of 10 MHz and a 1% duty cycle, after which the optical absorption coefficients were measured in n-octanol and water. These coefficients were compared with those of unsonicated samples.

Results: Our preliminary results show that the difference between the linear absorption coefficients of sonicated and unsonicated samples was Δα = 80 ± 13 m−1 immediately after sonication, indicating that the carbon black particles were less hydrophobic after sonication than prior to it. Forty-eight hours after sonication, the difference in linear optical absorption coefficients had lessened to Δα = 16 ± 9 m−1, indicating that the carbon black particles had become more hydrophobic over time, but not equal to the hydrophobicity situation prior to sonication.

Conclusion: The experiments confirmed that submicron carbon black particles have acoustic Janus properties.
EEG Phase Can Be Predicted with Similar Accuracy across Cognitive States after Accounting for Power and Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Authors: Kim Brian , Erickson Brian A. , Fernandez-Nunez Guadalupe , Rich Ryan , Mentzelopoulos Georgios , Vitale Flavia , Medaglia John D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEEG phase is increasingly used in cognitive neuroscience, brain–computer interfaces, and closed-loop stimulation devices. However, it is unknown how accurate EEG phase prediction is across cognitive states. We determined the EEG phase prediction accuracy of parieto-occipital alpha waves across rest and task states in 484 participants over 11 public datasets. We were able to track EEG phase accurately across various cognitive conditions and datasets, especially during periods of high instantaneous alpha power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Although resting states generally have higher accuracies than task states, absolute accuracy differences were small, with most of these differences attributable to EEG power and SNR. These results suggest that experiments and technologies using EEG phase should focus more on minimizing external noise and waiting for periods of high power rather than inducing a particular cognitive state.
Cortical Brain Injury Causes Retrograde Degeneration of Afferent Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons via the p75NTR
Authors: Dasgupta Srestha , Montroull Laura E. , Pandya Mansi A. , Zanin Juan P. , Wang Wei , Wu Zhuhao , Friedman Wilma J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits neuronal loss at the site of injury and progressive neuronal loss in the penumbra. However, the consequences of TBI on afferent neurons projecting to the injured tissue from distal locations is unknown. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) extend long projections to multiple brain regions including the cortex, regulate many cognitive functions, and are compromised in numerous neurodegenerative disorders. To determine the consequence of cortical injury on these afferent neurons, we used the fluid percussion injury model of traumatic brain injury and assessed the effects on BFCN survival and axon integrity in male and female mice. Survival or death of BF neurons can be regulated by neurotrophins or proneurotrophins, respectively. The injury elicited an induction of proNGF and proBDNF in the cortex and a loss of BFCNs ipsilateral to the injury compared with sham uninjured mice. The p75NTR knock-out mice did not show loss of BFCN neurons, indicating a retrograde degenerative effect of the cortical injury on the afferent BFCNs mediated through p75NTR. In contrast, locus ceruleus neurons, which also project throughout the cortex, were unaffected by the injury, suggesting specificity in retrograde degeneration after cortical TBI. Proneurotrophins (proNTs) provided directly to basal forebrain axons in microfluidic cultures triggered retrograde axonal degeneration and cell death, which did not occur in the absence of p75NTR. This study shows that after traumatic brain injury, proNTs induced in the injured cortex promote BFCN axonal degeneration and retrograde neuron loss through p75NTR.
Mechanisms and physiological function of daily haemoglobin oxidation rhythms in red blood cells
Authors: Beale Andrew D , Hayter Edward A , Crosby Priya , Valekunja Utham K , Edgar Rachel S , Chesham Johanna E , Maywood Elizabeth S , Labeed Fatima H , Reddy Akhilesh B , Wright Kenneth P , Lilley Kathryn S , Bechtold David A , Hastings Michael H , O'Neill John S 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCellular circadian rhythms confer temporal organisation upon physiology that is fundamental to human health. Rhythms are present in red blood cells (RBCs), the most abundant cell type in the body, but their physiological function is poorly understood. Here, we present a novel biochemical assay for haemoglobin (Hb) oxidation status which relies on a redox‐sensitive covalent haem‐Hb linkage that forms during SDS‐mediated cell lysis. Formation of this linkage is lowest when ferrous Hb is oxidised, in the form of ferric metHb. Daily haemoglobin oxidation rhythms are observed in mouse and human RBCs cultured in vitro, or taken from humans in vivo, and are unaffected by mutations that affect circadian rhythms in nucleated cells. These rhythms correlate with daily rhythms in core body temperature, with temperature lowest when metHb levels are highest. Raising metHb levels with dietary sodium nitrite can further decrease daytime core body temperature in mice via nitric oxide (NO) signalling. These results extend our molecular understanding of RBC circadian rhythms and suggest they contribute to the regulation of body temperature.
E-KAMUS TEMATIK AJURUMIYAH : MODERNISASI KITAB TRADISIONAL UNTUK SANTRI MILENIAL
Authors: Amalia Dwi Rizki , Ahmad Hasyim Mohamad Yusuf , Amrullah Nafis Azmi 
Published: August 2023

This research is motivated by the difficulties of students in understanding the Ajurumiyah book, which is caused by ignorance of the meaning of the vocabulary or terms described in the Jurumiyah book. The limited time in teaching and learning activities at Madrasah Diniyah also affects the level of student's understanding, so the development of an e-dictionary based on an android application is needed to improve the understanding and learning motivation of millennial students. Therefore, the researcher offers a solution by developing a thematic e-dictionary for the vocabulary of the Ajurumiyah book for students of Madrasah Diniyah with the ADDIE model of R&D research design. This research shows that the needs for development of Ajurumiyah book are form of an application with an attractive design. This e-dictionary can be run on smartphones with the Android operating system without using an internet connection. the validation analysis by Expert and teacher about the product shows that this e-dictionary product is good and worth to use, with score 84.2.