bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risposta assistenziale alle urgenze minori in pronto soccorso: studio retrospettivo sui percorsi See and Treat nella zona senese della USL Toscana sud est
Authors: Righi Lorenzo , Trapassi Stefano , Ramacciani Isemann Christian , Becattini Giovanni , Becattini Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

Nel contesto dei pronto soccorso della Regione Toscana riveste una consistente rilevanza il fenomeno della forte prevalenza dei â€œcodici minoriâ€. In letteratura le strategie adottate per i codici minori piÃ¹ diffuse sono: la gestione medica della casisticaÂ a bassa prioritÃ , la continuitÃ assistenziale, il potenziamento della fascia oraria aumentando la capacitÃ di accoglienza dei Dipartimenti diÂ Emergenza nei momenti di alto flusso dei pazienti e il See and Treat.
Studio osservazionale sugli accessi non urgenti in Pronto Soccorso
Authors: Annese Federica , Nunziatini Daniele , Guidi Elisabetta 
Published: August 2023

Â Â Il fenomeno degli accessi non urgenti in Pronto Soccorso Ã¨ un tema frequentemente affrontato dalla letteratura internazionale. Grazie ai numerosi studi sono oramai ben note le cause principali e le caratteristiche individuali che accomunano talifrequentatori, cosÃ¬ come alcune plausibili soluzioni.
Burden of Malnutrition among Under-five Children and Elderly Population in Southern India
Authors: Parameshwari Prahalad P. , Chinnaiyan Saravanan , Ayyasamy Lavanya , Azarudeen Mohamed Jainul , Kumaresan Janani , Sekar Nivedhitha 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Malnutrition remains a leading cause of infant mortality, primarily in low- and middle-income nations such as India.

Aim:
Based on the existing literature, our systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among children and the elderly in Southern India.

Methods:
In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines, independent researchers searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies on malnutrition among children and the elderly in Southern India. We estimated the pooled prevalence with confidence intervals (CIs) of 95% using a random-effects model.

Results:
Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. There were 11,452 children and 1108 elderly population participants included in the review. Thirteen studies reported the prevalence of undernutrition and the pooled number of samples was 8417. The proportion of underweight in under-five children was 41% (95% CI: 36%–46%). Thirteen studies reported wasting, and the pooled sample size was 9789. The pooled proportion of wasting was 25% (95% CI: 20%–31%). Fourteen studies reported stunting, and the pooled sample size was 10,112. The pooled proportion of stunting was 33% among children. Four studies reported malnourishment or undernutrition among the elderly population in southern India. The pooled sample size was 1108 and the pooled proportion of malnourishment among the elderly population was 12% (95% CI: 1%–22%).

Conclusion:
Combating child malnutrition in India requires public health interventions for cases of mild malnutrition and vulnerable populations, regional strategy implementation and evaluation, investigations on overweight, obesity, and its causes, and socioeconomic development.
Anterior Aesthetic Zone Reconstruction with Allogenic Bone Shell and Autogenous Bone Chips - An Evaluative Study
Authors: Karkar Khalid Tarek , Metwally Salah A. , Mohsen Karim M. Abdel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Horizontal alveolar bone loss hinders dental implant placement. Reconstruction of alveolar deficiency is mandatory to establish an ideal foundation for implant-supported prosthetic restoration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the regenerated bone following anterior aesthetic zone reconstruction with allogenic bone shell and autogenous chips.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 15 deficient sites in the aesthetic zone were treated using allograft bone shells, which were fixed away from the alveolar ridge using microscrews, and the created gap was filled with autogenous chips harvested intraorally using a bone scraper.

Results:
Clinically, one patient experienced wound dehiscence in the second post-operative week, and the graft had to be removed one month postoperatively due to infection. Three patients experienced shell detachment six months later but that did not hinder the placement of an implant. Radiographically, there was horizontal bone gain that was statistically significant six months postoperatively. The mean apical bone gain was 2.64 mm (±0.99 standard deviation [SD]). The mean mid-level bone gain was 3.44 mm (±0.52 SD). The mean crestal bone gain was 2.36 mm (±0.85 SD). Histologically, vital trabecular bone tissue with osteocytes and osteoblasts was detected. Moreover, the presence of reversal lines indicated bone formation and remodelling after grafting.

Discussion:
This technique generates sufficient bone tissue in previously horizontally deficient alveolar ridges for subsequent implant placement and omits the need for a second surgical site with its consequent morbidity. The low complication rate reported needs further modifications to extrapolate results.
Narrative review on genetic counseling for hereditary cancers: General considerations
Authors: Ulhaq Ehsan , Huda Febin , Suhail C. , Sheth Harsh , Anu R. I. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The field of oncology has made great strides in the last decade. There have been tremendous advancements in precision oncology and cutting-edge diagnostics to match the unprecedented rise in the incidence of cancer globally. Hereditary cancer syndromes which account for between 5-10% of the total cancer burden, occupy a novel niche, offering the opportunity to receive an early diagnosis through targeted surveillance, adopt preventive screening measures, and preemptively control the disease. To prepare this review, we searched in PubMed, international government web pages, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for published literature on genetic testing in hereditary cancers. This review article represents a consensus between the authors, based on the literature review, with a view to being relevant in the Indian setting. Genetic counseling plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of hereditary cancers. India must adopt a streamlined approach to the treatment of hereditary cancers by enhancing awareness and incorporating the right protocols for genetic counseling. This educational series, focused on genetic counseling for hereditary and sporadic cancers, is the first step in generating awareness among individuals and clinicians in India.
Artificial intelligence-based prediction of oral mucositis in patients with head-and-neck cancer: A prospective observational study utilizing a thermographic approach
Authors: Thukral Ruchika , Aggarwal Ashwani Kumar , Arora Ajat Shatru , Dora Tapas , Sancheti Sankalp 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

JOURNAL/crsat/04.03/02201859-202306020-00003/figure1/v/2023-08-03T140821Z/r/image-tiff

JOURNAL/crsat/04.03/02201859-202306020-00003/figure2/v/2023-08-03T140821Z/r/image-tiff

Background:
In patients with locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), chemoradiotherapy improves outcomes. Radiotherapy commonly causes mucositis, which can significantly impede treatment and reduce the patient’s quality of life. Patients with severe mucocutaneous toxicity will show significant changes in thermal intensity early on, when compared to identically treated counterparts without toxicity.

Objective:
We aimed to assess the accuracy of the automated computer-aided deep learning approach in predicting the occurrence of oral mucositis in patients with HNSCC undergoing radiotherapy alone or with concurrent chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted over four weeks in September 2021 in the Department of Radiotherapy at the Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Sangrur (Punjab, India). We enrolled patients with HNSCC who were planned for radical intent radiotherapy, with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Using an automated deep learning technique, we analyzed the images taken with a FLIR-E60 thermal camera on the same day that patients received radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. Thermal images were binarily classified into two grades, that is, Grade 0 (absence of mucositis) and Grade I (asymptomatic or mild symptoms of mucositis). The dataset was split into training and testing cohorts, with a split ratio of 0.8. Accuracy was calculated as the ratio of correct predicted or classified instances to the total number of instances in the dataset. Accuracy was categorized as testing accuracy and training accuracy.

Results:
A total of 386 thermal images from 50 patients were acquired. Of these, 308 images (79.8%) were used for the training set and 78 (20.2%) for the testing set. There were 206 images (53.4%) with Grade 0 mucositis and 180 (46.6%) with Grade I. There was a significant difference in the thermal profile of patients with Grade 0 and Grade I images; P = 0.01. The model achieved promising results with 100% training accuracy and 82% testing accuracy. This led to a significant improvement in the false-negative rate of the proposed model, indicating improved performance.

Conclusion:
The deep learning approach-based analysis of thermal images can be a useful technique for predicting oral mucositis at an early stage in treatment, thus helping in intensifying supportive care. The model has been tested on a diverse dataset, and its performance in terms of accuracy validates the proposed model.
SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection in deceased bodies: implications for infection prevention
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Kiro Vandana Vijayeta , Srivastav Sharad , Mansoori Nasim , Lalwani Parin , Lathwal Amit , Agrawal Richa , Soni Kapil Dev , Madaan Nirupam , Malhotra Rajesh , Trikha Anjan , Lalwani Sanjeev , Mathur Purva 
Published: August 2023

Background & objectives:
High transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 has significant implications on healthcare workers’ safety, preservation, handling, transportation and disposal of the deceased bodies. The objective of this study was to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen in nasopharyngeal samples and its implications in handling and care of COVID-19 deceased bodies.

Methods:
A study was conducted at a dedicated COVID-19 centre on deceased individuals from April to December 2020. Rapid antigen test (RAT) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was compared on all the SARS-CoV-2 positive cadavers recruited in the study.

Results:
A total of 115 deceased individuals were included in the study. Of these, 79 (68.7%) were male and 36 (31.3%) were female and majority were in the age group of 51-60 yr [31 (27%)]. SARS-CoV-2 antigen test was positive in 32 (27.8%) and negative in 83 (72.1%) individuals. The mean time interval between deaths to the sample collection was 13.2 h with interquartile range of eight to 20 h. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was used as the reference test and 24 (20.9%) cases were true positive; 93.6 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI) 88.8-98.4%] sensitivity, 45.2 per cent (95% CI 35.5-55%) specificity, 60.2 per cent (95% CI 50.6-69.8%) positive predictive value and 88.8 per cent (95% CI 82.7-95%) negative predictive value of antigen test was computed.

Interpretation & conclusions:
SARS-CoV-2 antigen test was positive beyond 19 h in COVID-19 deceased individuals. Antigen test was found to be highly sensitive in the deceased. Patients, suspected of having died due to COVID-19, can be screened by this method. As infectiousness of the virus in the deceased bodies cannot be directly concluded from either the antigen or RT-PCR test, yet possible transmission cannot be completely ruled out. Strict infection control measures need to be followed during the handling and clearance of COVID-19 cadavers.
In silico evaluation of binding interaction and ADME study of new 1,3-diazetidin-2-one derivatives with high antiproliferative activity
Authors: Abdulredha Farah Haidar , Mahdi Monther Faisal , Khan Ayad Kareem 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
A series of eight novels’ 1,3-diazetidin-2-ones have been proposed to assess their potential activities. They are intended to examine antiproliferative effects through inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. These eight compounds strongly interact with the EGFR protein, responsible for the activity. As part of a present study, these compounds were docked to the crystal structure of the EGFR (Protein Data Bank code: 1 M17) to determine their binding affinity at the active site. Based on computer predictions, two compounds were demonstrated high scores of 80.80 and 85.89. After analyzing ADME properties, these compounds were found to have significant potential for binding. Consequently, the abilities of gefitinib, erlotinib, imatinib, and sorafenib were selected for comparison as controls. Computational methods were performed to predict the critical disposition of eight novels’ 1,3-diazetidin-2-one derivatives to the EGFR. Moreover, a docking technique employing the Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking program was conducted. Compounds 2 and 7 demonstrate a high docking peace-wise scoring function (PLP) fitness of 85.89 and 80.80, respectively. They fulfilled the Lipinski’s rule, topological descriptors, and fingerprints of drug-like molecular structure keys. These compounds can be used as lead compounds to develop novel antiproliferative agents. The outcome of applying this study is novel series of 1,3-diazetidin-2-one compounds as new analogs were designed and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity with a higher potency profile and binding affinity within the active sites of EGFR.
Preventive treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 virus using coronavirus disease-2019-receptor-binding domain 1C aptamer by suppress the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor
Authors: Hameed Noor S. , Arif Inam Sameh , Al-Sudani Basma Talib 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The cause of the worldwide coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is known to employ the same entry portal as SARS-CoV, which is the type 1 transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) is located on the spike S-protein’s S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein. The most important and effective therapy method is inhibiting the interaction between the ACE2 receptor and the S-spike RBD. An aptamer is a small, single-chain oligonucleotide that binds strongly to the target molecule. Recently, a CoV-2-RBD-1C aptamer-based system with a 51-base hairpin structure was discovered to have substantial binding affinity against the SARS-CoV-2RBD with similar binding sites at ACE. In the current study, we will study the aptamer’s effect as a SARS-CoV-2 spike blocker and inhibit its ACE2 receptors’ binding by studying the toxicity of aptamer for this cell line by calcein assay and the inhibition test of CoV-2-RBD-1C aptamers on spike RBD–ACE2 binding. The results show the half-maximum inhibitory concentration of CoV-2-RBD-1C aptamer is 0.08188 μM. The inhibition effect of CoV-2-RBD-1C aptamer on spike RBD–ACE2 binding was determined at half-maximal effective concentration of 0.5 μM concentration. The percentage of spike-ACE2 binding inhibition in A549-hACE2 cells in the D614G variant after 30 s was 77%. This percentage is higher than D614 and N501Y and equals 55% and 65%, respectively, at 0.15 μM of CoV-2-RBD-1C aptamer. The CoV-2-RBD-1C aptamer prevents virus entrance through spike inhibition, which results in a 90% reduction in spike D614 virus transduction at 1.28 μM. In conclusion, the CoV-2-RBD-1C aptamer might be an effective treatment against COVID-19 infection because it directly affects the virus by blocking the S-spike of SARS-CoV-2 and preventing ACE2 receptor binding.
Flavonoic content and antibacterial evaluation of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves grow in Algeria
Authors: Boumaza-Hamladji Sarah , Benhabyles Narimen , Toubal Souheyla , El Haddad Djillali , Bouchenak Ouahiba , Bellalemi Nerdjes , Berrichi Drifa , Meziani Ibtissem 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to fight against antibiotic resistance, especially in urinary tract infection. To limit the spread of this scourge, we have proposed the use of flavonoid extract of the medicinal plant Moringa
oleifera
Lam against pathogenic bacteria of urinary tract infections. M. oleifera, was introduced in the arid regions of the Algerian Sahara for sustainable rural development in Algeria. The phytochemical study, revealed the presence of a multitude of metabolites. The yield of aqueous extract is 27.35% ± 1.95 and flavonoid concentration is 38.59 ± 0.002 mg EQ/gE. The high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of 47 compounds, the most important of which are ascorbic acid (16.82%) and luteolin-7-Glycoside (26.8%). The aqueous extract has very significant antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone varying between 26.2 ± 0.25 (mm) for Bacillus
anthracis and 12.66 ± 1.15 for Salmonella
enteritidis.
Antibacterial activity of hexane and methanol fractions of some selected plants against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Andriani Yosie , Hanifah Wahdini , Kholieqoh Alifa Husnun , Abdul Majid Fadzilah Adibah , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Amir Hermansyah , Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul Tengku 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Besides adenovirus, pneumonia can also be caused by bacteria. One of the most common bacteria causing the pneumonia is Klebsiella
pneumoniae. Currently, treatment by antibiotics has been widely used. Nevertheless, the increasing failure of existing antibiotics because of antibiotic resistance resulted by bacterial pathogens has become a serious problem to human health. Hence, there is a need for a new antibacterial potential agent against K. pneumoniae as an alternative treatment to the pneumonia to prevent the risk of a severe pneumonia for both healthy people and those already infected with the pneumonia. This study, therefore, investigated the antibacterial activity of some selected plants (Pandanus
tectorius, Nypa
fruticans, Sonneratia
alba, Phaleria
macrocarpa, Hibiscus
tiliaceus, and Pongamia
pinnata) against K. pneumoniae. In this study, samples were extracted successively by cold maceration using hexane and methanol. Antibacterial activity was determined by well and disc diffusion methods. Each fraction was prepared by two-fold dilutions from 20 mg/mL to 0.156 mg/mL. All data were analyzed in triplicate replication and presented as mean values ± standard deviation. Results showed that all methanol fractions of selected plants had antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, and well-diffusion method showed better antibacterial results compared to the agar well-diffusion method. The strongest activity was obtained by methanol fraction of S. alba leaf, followed by P. pinnata leaf, Nypa fruticans bark, H. tiliaceus leaf, P. macrocarpa leaf, and P. tectorius leaf with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) value between 0.625 and 5.0 mg/mL. Phytochemical screening revealed that all methanol fractions were rich in flavonoid content, which could have contributed to their antibacterial activity.
Roles of interleukins (interleukin-18 and interleukin-17a) and transforming growth factor-beta markers in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney diseases
Authors: Mezher Maysam Adnan , Al-Radeef Mohanad Yasir , Salih Khalid Saud 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
In diabetes, microvascular damage often targets the kidney, making them the most crucial organ affected. Due to the disease itself or other accompanying health issues such as hypertension and nephron loss due to aging, a significant number of patients end up with kidney disease. The current research aimed to analyze the concentration of cytokines in the serum (Interleukin [IL]-18, IL-17a and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in Iraqi adult patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The current investigation was carried out in Tikrit Teaching Hospital/Salahaddin governorate for the time from October 2022 to January 2023. Sixty blood specimens were obtained from patients with DKD. Serum levels of IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β markers in the samples were subjected to measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results of the present study showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among different age categories of clinical populations with 51–60 and >60 years scoring highest (28% and 33%), whereas 21–30 and 31–40 years scored (8.3% and 13.3%). The concentration of IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β markers was high in patients (200.30 ± 59.50, 102.13 ± 50.82, and 57.15 ± 18.90) than in healthy individuals (104.50 ± 31.01, 42.90 ± 10.55, and 31.90 ± 8.83). Based on the Pearson’s correlation results, IL-17a had a significant negative correlation with TGF-β (r = −0.270* Sig. =0.037). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve showed the IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β markers scored the highest sensitivity (98%, 96%, and 87%) and specificity (94%, 97%, and 80%), respectively, in screening patients with DKD. Based on the analysis, it could be inferred that disease intensity generally tends to worsen with an increase in age. IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β are good prognostic markers in screening patients with DKD. These cytokines present a promising target for therapeutic interventions in DKD therapy.
Amlodipine downregulates gene expression that involved in the signaling pathways of coagulation process in COVID-19 patients: An observational clinical study
Authors: Abbood Zainab A. , Ajeel Zainab H. , Joudah Marwah S. , Al-Nimer Marwan Salih M. , Al-Shammari Ahmed Hamza 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has the property of activating the coagulation process, which is responsible for producing thrombotic events which is considered as one of the most serious COVID-19 complications. Hypertension is a hazard factor for COVID-19 complications, and people who are treated with calcium entry blockers may halt the occurrence of thrombotic events. to evaluate the effect of amlodipine on some genes involved in the activation of the coagulation procedure in COVID-19 patients with hypertensive. observational, cross-sectional study. This study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacy at Al-Kut University College in Wasit, Iraq, in conjunction with Al Zahraa Hospital from June 2021 to March 2022. A total of 45 COVID-19 patients participated in this study who were grouped into as follows: Group I (n = 23) who had no previous history of hypertension and Group II (n = 22) who had previous hypertension and were treated with amlodipine. Expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), coagulation factor V (F5), and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1 Like (MTHFD1L) genes was determined. P values were calculated by Chi-square test for categorized facts and the Mann–Whitney test for incessant data. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Group II patients had significantly lower levels of CaSR, F5, and MTHFD1L gene expression compared with the corresponding levels in Group I patients. The expression level of MTHFD1L was elevated significantly in patients who had currently high blood pressure compared with normotensive patients in both the groups. Amlodipine is preferred in hypertensive patients who have COVID-19 because it attenuates the levels of gene expression that have an impact on the coagulation process.