bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assignment of punishment for recidivism
Authors: Севастьянов А.П. 
Published: July 2023

В статье анализируются и обобщаются правила назначения наказания при рецидиве, установленные уголовным законом, разъяснения по поводу их применения, данные Верховным Судом Российской Федерации. Проанализированы имеющиеся в УК РФ санкции, содержащие наказание в виде пожизненного лишения свободы. Доказано, что в рамках таких санкций применение статьи 68 УК РФ в этом случае на минимальный предел возможного наказания не повлияет. Рассмотрен вопрос о применении данной статьи при наличии оснований для использования одного из специальных правил назначения наказания, установленного статьями 62, 65, 66 УК РФ и их сочетания. Сделаны и обоснованы выводы о невозможности применения ряда специальных правил, установленных этими нормами, совместно со статьей 68 УК РФ, указано, какая из норм должна применяться в каждом случае. Для тех случаев, когда совместное применение правил назначения наказания при рецидиве и других специальных правил назначения наказания возможно, вычислены суммарные коэффициенты. Такой подход облегчает определение максимума и минимума возможного наказания. Приведены примеры использования таких суммарных коэффициентов.
The article analyzes and summarizes the rules for sentencing in case of recidivism, established by the criminal law, explanations about their application, given by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The sanctions available in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, containing punishment in the form of life imprisonment, are analyzed. It has been proven that, within the framework of such sanctions, the application of Article 68 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in this case will not affect the minimum limit of possible punishment. The question of the application of this article is considered if there are grounds for applying one of the special rules for sentencing established by articles 62, 65, 66 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and their combination. Conclusions are made and substantiated about the impossibility of applying a number of special rules established by these norms, together with Article 68 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, it is indicated which of the norms should be applied in each case. For those cases where the combined application of the rules for sentencing for recidivism and other special rules for sentencing is possible, the total coefficients are calculated. This approach makes it easier to determine the maximum and minimum possible punishment. Examples of the application of such total coefficients are given.
Cámara de Diputados de la LXIV Legislatura (2018-2021) de México: de la cuota a la paridad de género
Authors: Vera López Juana Isabel , Sáenz Vela Hada Melissa 
Published: July 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo exponer la evolución de las cuotas de género hacia el enfoque paritario, desde la experiencia internacional y nacional. Se parte del enfoque feminista en la ciencia política, como acercamiento al análisis académico sobre representatividad legislativa a través de cuotas de género. Se revisa literatura con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, que aporta a la identificación de resultados sobre la representación política de las mujeres en los congresos. Se analiza el estudio de caso de la LXIV Legislatura (2018-2021) de México, autodenominada “Legislatura de la paridad de género”, siendo la primera vez que se alcanza efectivamente la paridad en esta Cámara. Por último, se presentan los desafíos que persisten en la investigación sobre representación sustantiva de las legisladoras en los congresos mexicanos.
Aprobación de los gobernadores y alternancia en el poder en las elecciones subnacionales en México (1998-2021)
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez Orestes Enrique , Santibáñez Espinosa de los Monter Andrea , Hernández Rivera Daniel Guadalupe 
Published: July 2023

El análisis de 56 comicios estatales, celebrados en 24 entidades federativas entre 1998 y 2021, arrojó que, en general, la aprobación de los gobernadores tiende a anticipar la continuidad o alternancia en el poder del oficialismo.
La aprobación del Ejecutivo de turno predijo el resultado electoral del partido en el gobierno en 69.64 % de los casos. Se trata de una tendencia mayoritaria, aunque no necesariamente contundente. En ese sentido, el hallazgo más importante se produjo al contrastar la tasa de asociación entre la aprobación baja del gobernante y derrota (88.46 %) respecto a la aprobación alta y éxito del oficialismo (53.33 %). La diferencia entre ambas tasas sugiere que el candidato oficialista a la gubernatura es altamente proclive a resultar castigado si la percepción del desempeño del mandatario estatal es insatisfactoria. En cambio, la evaluación favorable del Ejecutivo estatal no ha constituido una garantía fiable de la continuidad en el poder del partido gubernamental.
Los resultados, por una parte, contribuyen a la disminución de la incertidumbre en torno al desenlace electoral, mientras, por otra, abren nuevas perspectivas investigativas.
Liderazgo del directivo escolar como elemento estratégico en la efectividad del desempeño docente en educación secundaria
Authors: Escanio De León Mónica Natcha 
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación estuvo orientada establecer la relación entre el desempeño profesional del docente y el liderazgo en educación secundaria Distrito 03-01 Azua, República Dominicana. El estudio se llevó a cabo desde el paradigma positivista, con un enfoque cuantitativo, el diseño fue de campo nivel descriptivo. La muestra que participó en la indagación estuvo conformada por 303 a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario el cual fue diseñado a partir de la operacionalización de la variable, Mismo que fue sometido a la validez de contenido y la confiabilidad a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados fueron procesados a través de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial y analizados a la luz de la teoría, lo que permitió generar como conclusión partir de la prueba de correlación que el grado de relación de las variables dependientes el resultado es 0,784, lo que indica una correlación positiva fuerte entre el liderazgo directivo de los directivos y el desempeño docente del Distrito escolar 03-01 Azua Republica Dominicana Desempeño docente, liderazgo directivo
Effect of Malaria on Hematological Profile in Medical Ward of Chandka Medical College Larkana
Authors: Anon Shweta , Soomro Abdul Rafay , Kumar Anish , FNU Sehrish Dholia 
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Malaria is a serious disease transmitted by female anopheles mosquito and caused by Plasmodium that infects red blood cells and affects millions of people globally, leading to many complications and deaths. The complete blood picture (CBC), which measures the different components of blood, is altered by the disease. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen and is affected by malaria, resulting in a decrease in hemoglobin, causing anemia. White blood cells, which help fight off infections, initially increase in number during malaria, but decrease as the disease progresses, indicating a weakened immune response. Platelets also decrease in number, leading to thrombocytopenia.
Objectives. (1) To see effects of malaria on hematological profile; (2) To see the difference of changes due to malaria on hematological profile in both males and females.
Methodology. The study was conducted at Medical Department of Chandka Medical College, Larkana, on patients with malaria over a period of four months. The sample size was determined using the WHO calculator, and 87 patients were recruited who were diagnosed with malaria through rapid acting ICT method. Patients with recent full blood count reports were included, while those under 13 years of age or with co-morbidities were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained, and data was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22 software.
Results. The study found that malaria caused hematological changes in patients. Hemoglobin levels were affected in 72.4% of patients, with 27.6% showing mild anemia, 34.5% moderate anemia, and 10.3% severe anemia. Females were more affected than males. Platelet counts decreased in 44.8% of patients, with 13.8% experiencing mild thrombocytopenia, 16.1% moderate, and 14.9% severe thrombocytopenia, while a small proportion had thrombocytosis. Females were again more affected. Granulocytes were not affected by malaria.
Evaluation of the reliability and quality of YouTube videos as a source of information for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Authors: Erkin Yüksel , Hanci Volkan , Ozduran Erkan 
Published: July 2023

Background
YouTube plays an influential role in disseminating health-related information in the digital age. This study aimed to evaluate YouTube videos on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in terms of their information value and quality.

Methods
In this descriptive study, we ranked the first 100 videos that met the inclusion criteria using the search term “transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation” on October 30, 2022. These videos were classified according to the number of views, likes, dislikes, comments, duration, popularity and content categories. Reliability, quality, and accuracy of the videos were assessed using the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark Criteria and Modified DISCERN Questionnaire and Global Quality Score (GQS). Video popularity were calculated by the Video Power Index (VPI).

Results
Based on the GQS results, we found that 59, 27, and 14 videos had low, intermediate, and high quality, respectively. In addition, based on the JAMA results, 79 and 21 videos had poor and high reliability, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the JAMA, modified DISCERN and GQS scores in terms of the sources of videos (p = 0.226, p = 0.115, p = 0.812). Notably, there was a weak positive correlation between the JAMA scores and the number of views (r = 0.204, p = 0.041).

Conclusion
According to our study results, most YouTube videos on TENS were of low quality and reliability. Additionally, most videos were uploaded from sources created by doctors; the most frequently found content was about the TENS procedure, and content on complications of the procedure became less frequent as the videos became more recent. In particular, it was found that videos uploaded by academics have longer duration. It has been found that reliable videos with high JAMA scores also have high number of views. Accordingly, it can be concluded that videos with higher quality and more reliability that are created by healthcare providers will be more useful for patients seeking information about TENS.
Implementing buprenorphine prolonged-release injection using a health at the margins approach for transactional sex-workers
Authors: Gittins Rosalind , Teck Joseph Tay Wee , Knowles Rebecca , Clarke Nicole , Baldacchino Alexander 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAccess to prescribed interventions and retention in treatment services are associated with improved health outcomes and reduced premature mortality rates for people living with opioid use disorder (OUD). In Leeds, transactional sex-workers frequently cycled in and out of treatment for OUD such that they never reached a level of engagement that permitted opportunities to meet their healthcare or housing needs. Barriers to accessing care provision include an itinerant lifestyle, difficulties with travel at unpredictable hours, impacting upon adherence to medication regimens including daily supervised consumption.ObjectivesTo use a co-produced, “health at the margins” approach, to reach the sex-working population in Leeds, and support informed choices about the potential to receive buprenorphine prolonged-release injection (BPRI) as a treatment option for OUD.MethodsBPRI was introduced using a theory of change model and improvements in sex-worker care delivery was reviewed. Strategies included buprenorphine micro-induction, shared decision-making, collaborative multi-agency working and supporting a strengths-based and trauma-informed approach.ResultsBenefits of BPRI included removal of the need for daily pharmacy visits, reducing the risk of diversion, improved medication adherence, stability and engagement with treatment and supportive services.ConclusionBPRI may offer an additional option for pharmacological interventions for people with OUD where there may be increased barriers to accessing treatment for example due to sex-working. Strategies for effective BPRI include micro-induction, shared decision-making, collaborative multi-agency working and supporting a strengths-based approach.
Patient views on the routine use of a two-item screening tool for domestic abuse in general practice: a UK-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sivarajasingam Vasumathy , Webber Iman , Karki Manisha , Bagkeris Emmanouil , El-Osta Austen 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundDomestic abuse (DA) is underdiagnosed by the medical community. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) does not recommend DA screening in primary care. The enduring use of remote consultations since COVID-19, coupled with the sensitive nature and increasing prevalence of DA, necessitates review of the NICE guideline, which was developed pre-pandemic primarily for face-to-face consultations.AimTo explore NHS patient experiences and views on routine DA screening in primary care.MethodData were collected from 6967 NHS patients using an anonymous 29-item eSurvey that included information on accessible support services. Logistic regression analysis from 4253 responders explored the association between the validated WAST-short questions and previous exposure to abuse.ResultsAlmost half of the responders confirmed having experienced DA, whereas 6.1% declined disclosure. About two-thirds of responders agreed it would be beneficial to routinely screen DA in general practice using a short, validated tool. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity suggested those with a history of abuse had 11.52 times higher odds of having tension in the relationship and 9.72 times higher odds of having difficulty working out arguments compared with those with no history of DA. Similarly, those who answered ‘would rather not say’ had 6.42 times higher odds of having tension in the relationship, and 4.31 times higher odds of having difficulty working out arguments.ConclusionThe routine use of the already established WAST-short in primary care could help identify and potentially tackle DA. Training health and social care professionals in administering the brief, non-threatening DA screening questionnaire would help raise awareness, and identify and support victims.
Reptiles of Pune Urban Area - Increase or Decline?
Authors: Thakur Sanjay , Gaur-Broome Vivek 
Published: July 2023

The reptiles in and around Pune are less documented compared to other vertebrates due to their cryptic nature. The first detailed records were reported by Underwood in 1948, listing 26 species, including 12 snake species. Since then, a few more publications, such as those by Chopra (1964), Khaire and Khaire (1985), and Ghatpande et al. (1990), have added to the list.
The current study is based on first-hand observations over the past ten years, reliable oral information, and literature. A total of 52 reptilian species have been documented, with about two-thirds being snakes. This is a significant increase compared to the records from the past. The high diversity in Pune can be attributed to its river and hill chains, which serve as corridors for reptile dispersal.
Habitat loss, mainly due to urbanization, poses a threat to nearly half of the reptilian species. Deforestation, grassland encroachment, and monoculture plantations are affecting different reptile species. Habitat degradation, such as excessive cattle grazing, fires, rock excavation, and pollution, also poses risks to various reptiles.
Human actions, including killing out of fear or superstitions, hunting for consumption and medicinal purposes, and venom extraction, have contributed to the decline of reptile populations. The study emphasizes the need for corrective measures, including habitat restoration, generating public awareness to reduce fear-driven killing, and conservation efforts to protect the reptiles in the area.
Educational Curriculum to Improving Clinical Outcome On Gestational Diabetes During Pregnancy
Authors: Mohammad Alsudairy Najlaa , Zaneb Abdullah Tehaifah  , Ahmed Abuhekmah Ghaidaa , Yaqoub Yousef AlGhazal Zahra , Ezzi Abufaia Rawan , Saleh Alwdani Mohammed , Bader Hadi Alyami  , Hasan Abdulrahman Awad Hani , Hamad aljohani Shahad , Hamed AL-Doaan Deema , Madhi Alsubaie Njoud , Ali N Aljalfan Abdullah , Hassan AlBahhar Zainab 
Published: July 2023

Gestational diabetes mellitus, often known as GDM, is a severe disorder that can occur during pregnancy. It has been linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future, in addition to stillbirth and birth malformations. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased at an alarming rate over the past 20 years, with factors including ethnicity, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity all playing a role. Nevertheless, the pathology and management of the various kinds of diabetes are fundamentally distinct from one another. Both type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes have a pathogenesis that is very similar to one another. Because of this, a number of the management strategies for type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes are the same. These strategies include interventions that are centred on food. Education in diabetes self-management and medical nutrition therapy have both been advocated as cost-effective treatments for the control of hyperglycemia. However, the majority of these treatments were initially developed for people with type 2 diabetes and subsequently adapted for pregnant women with the condition.
For women with GDM, the challenge of achieving a healthy pregnancy and a satisfactory birth result necessitates a multidisciplinary approach and close provider teamwork. Pregnant women's education is one of the essential components for the effective management of GDM. It has been demonstrated that patient education enhances quality of life, encourages improved compliance, and lowers problems and medical expenses.
Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities for Small-Scale Farmers through Input Supply Programs in Zambia
Authors: Moonga Brian Mukubi , Qutieshat Abubaker 
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study is to provide a review and recommendations on enhancing agricultural productivity among small-scale farmers in Zambia. The paper also evaluates how small-scale farmers can better access inputs, value-added services, marketing, and export markets.
This study is non-empirical and exploratory in nature with an extensive review of the literature. The paper analyzed small-scale farmers' access to finance, input supply, and high-value chain markets. The study also sought to understand the impact of lack of formal financial access on farmers’ welfare including their social lives.
One of the recommendations the researcher makes is the need for the government to decentralize farmer support programs to community level, and task the local leadership with the purchasing and distribution of inputs so as to maximize the reach of intended beneficiaries on time, and avoid the impact of delayed input distribution such as late planting of crops.
The research is a non-empirical study which relied on available literature to conduct research on this topic.
Study on Cost of Cultivation and Economic Returns from Chilli Crop Growing Districts of Telangana, India
Authors: Natarajan Arathi , Sahu Megha , Srivastava S. C. , Jaulkar A. M. 
Published: July 2023

Study was done to work out the cost of cultivation, returns and benefit cost ratio of chilli crop growing districts of Telangana for Agricultural year 2019-2020. India is one among the world’s largest producer, most of the consumption takes place within the country and it is the best exporter of chilli throughout the world. The study is based on primary data and the total number of 120 farmers treated as respondents and had been selected from all four categories of farmers by adopting proportion allocation with simple random sampling without replacement method with the objective of cost of cultivation and economic return from chilli grower B:C ratio of chilli in the study area. In this the study says that the overall average total cost of cultivation is Rs. 328225.25. The study reveals that returns in chilli cultivation increases with the increase of the farm size and the overall benefit-cost ratio are 2.41. The average cost, of cultivation per hectare of overall basis, was found to have 147024.50 (costA1) followed by Rs.150625.25 (costB1); Rs.29600.2 (costB2); Rs. 182850.25 (cost C1); Rs. 328225.25 (costC2); Rs. 361047.78 (CostC3) has been noted consequently. The average yield was found to be 72.00 quintals per hectare. The overall gross income per hectare was observed to be Rs. 872250.00 per hectare. Study implies the B.C ratio increases with the increase in the size of the holding.
Multi‐Mode Optical Manometry Based on Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:Eu2+ Phosphors
Authors: Su Ke , Mei Lefu , Guo Qingfeng , Shuai Pengfei , Wang Yujia , Liu Yukun , Jin Yang , Peng Zhijian , Zou Bo , Liao Libing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOptical manometry is a highly promising method for measuring pressure. However, its wider application is limited by the lower sensitivity and influenced by environmental factors. Herein, multi‐mode optical pressure sensors based on Eu2+‐doped Li4SrCa(SiO4)2 phosphors suitable for a variety of complex pressure‐measuring environments are designed. The phosphors contain two separate luminescence centers at 443 nm (EuSr) and 584 nm (EuCa), respectively. In the lower pressure range, the emission peak undergoes a massive redshift of 5.19 nm GPa−1 of EuCa, which is 14× better than commercially available ruby sensors. In order to improve the pressure response range and the accuracy of pressure measurement, for the first time, a new approach in the pressure readout method in which single Eu2+ ions doping based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) pressure measurement is realized in designed materials. Meanwhile, the measured full width at half maximum (FWHM) as an indicator of pressure sensor performance also reveals that the sensing performance is d FWHM/d P ≈ 1.23 nm GPa−1 and d FWHM/d P ≈ 0.84 nm GPa−1 for EuSr and EuCa positions, respectively. Additionally, the structural stability of the phosphor is confirmed by in situ Raman spectrum. The above results indicate that the Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:0.04Eu2+ phosphor is a good candidate for multi‐mode optical pressure sensors.