bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Cryptocurrency in Axiology of Science Perspective
Authors: Mustansyir Rizal , Istiqomah Citra 
Published: March 2023

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="IN">Massive
transformation and multifaceted nature of innovation due to increasing
interconnectivity in globalisation era–particularly through the discourse of
the Internet of Things (IoT)– have made technology and its instruments nearly
inevitable in human life, not least in the economic sector. Cryptocurrency as
one of the products of this activity is getting a great deal of public
attention. Over time, this currency is gradually favoured by many people around
the world, especially with the demands for ease of business and transactions in
the era of digitalisation. The shift allows individuals with access and
associated resources to store personal assets that cannot be censored/detected
by central and banking authorities, carry out anonymous financial transactions,
make high-speed transfers, invest in start-ups, mine new cryptocurrency, and
even buy land or property in the virtual world/metaverse. All these advantages
and conveniences encourage individuals, especially businesspersons and
investors to switch to cryptocurrencies. However, its volatility also incites
hesitation to adopt it as a medium of exchange/trading transactions. Due to the
functionality, legality, and disputable implications of its use, this issue
evokes our interest to study it as a subject matter, especially through the
lens of axiology. This study employs a qualitative method to generate
descriptive results. Cryptocurrency serves as a form of digital asset that
functions as a virtual medium of exchange run in a blockchain system and is
secured using an automated cipher called cryptography. From an axiological
point of view, the writer considers at least 5 (five) values constituting
priority scales in crypto transactions: trust, agreement, utility, pride, and
speculation. Finally, the writer concludes that cryptocurrency utilisation
cannot be separated from the axiological perspective of science, considering
the gap between personal ​​and social values is pertinent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
IMPLEMENTASI POLITIK HUKUM DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH BAGI PELAKSANAAN PEMBANGUNAN UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM
Authors: Hasanah Ulfia 
Published: March 2023

Kebijakan pemerintah yang sering menimbukan permasalahan di masyarakat adalah mengenai pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum, terutama yang berkaitan dengan pencabutan hak, terkait dengan pemberian ganti rugi yang tidak sesuai dengan kesepakatan antara pemilik tanah dengan pemerintah, sesuai dengan harga yang sewajarnya. Implementasi pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah untuk Kepentingan umum belum sesuai dengan aturan sebagimana diatur dalam Perpres 36 Tahun 2005 yang kemudian diubah dengan Perpres 65 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pelaksanaan Pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum .
СПОСОБИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ОЗНАЧЕНОСТІ СИНТАКСИЧНОЇ ОСОБИ В ПОЛЬСЬКІЙ МОВІ
Authors: Корпало О. Р. 
Published: March 2023

Категорія особи займає важливе місце серед семантико-граматичних категорій, що впливають як на будову реченнєвої моделі, так і на формування комунікативного процесу. Ця категорія належить до однієї з найбільш складних і суперечливих, через що постійно викликає зацікавлення багатьох учених. Незважаючи на активне студіювання, категорія особи потребує комплексного вивчення на тлі всієї граматичної структури мови, що й зумовлює актуальність дослідження. Мета статті – здійснити аналіз семантико-граматичної категорії особи в польській мові як міжрівневої категорії у реченнях із семантикою означеності. Опираючись у реченні на морфологічну особу (словозмінну категорію особи дієслова, лексико-граматичну категорію особи займенника та іменника), синтаксична особа за своєю граматичною природою відрізняється від неї значенням, засобами вираження, багатоаспектністю, найважливішою ознакою якої є дейктичність, тобто вказівка на учасників мовленнєвого акту. Адресант і адресат є ключовими поняттями висловлення, вказівка на їх протиставлення або відсутність такого протиставлення є одним із основних і обов’язкових ознак речення.
Мотивуючи статус категорії синтаксичної особи, опираємось на те, що синтаксична семантика – це передусім семантика відношень. Агенсивне значення є компонентом об’єктивного плану категорії синтаксичної особи і відображає відношення „діяч-дія”, при цьому діяч може бути представлений як означений, неозначений або узагальнений. Новизна дослідження полягає в тому, що аналіз означеності особи в польській мові здійснено з позицій структурно-семантичного підходу до мовних явищ. Означеність особи-діяча виражають двоскладні, означено-особові, безособові та інфінітивні речення, у структурі яких експліцитно чи імпліцитно є вказівка на виконавця дії чи носія стану (агенса). Існують різні способи репрезентації означеного агенса: морфологічний, лексико-морфологічний, морфолого-синтаксичний, контекстуально-ситуативний, інтонаційно-синтаксичний. На означеність особи в польській мові вказують насампепред особові закінчення дієслів-присудків у формах 1-ої та 2-ої особи однини і множини (морфологічний спосіб) разом з особовими займенниками відповідної особи (у такому разі слід говорити про лексико-морфологічний спосіб) або без них. При морфолого-синтаксичному способі конкретний діяч виражається не називним, а непрямими відмінками іменників та особових займенників.
Практична цінність. Отримані результати будуть корисними в навчальних цілях при вивченні польської мови як іноземної, у процесі викладання теоретичних курсів із граматики, у підготовці підручників і навчальних посібників із синтаксису сучасної польської мови.
Clinical presentation, hemorrhage risk, and outcome in patients with familial cavernous malformations: a pragmatic prospective analysis of 75 patients
Authors: Alalfi Mohammed O. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Flemming Kelly D. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Newly diagnosed patients with a familial cavernous malformation (FCM) and their families are concerned about their future outlook, which is scarcely discussed in the literature. The authors studied a prospective contemporary cohort of patients with FCMs to assess demographics, mode of presentation, prospective risk of hemorrhage and seizures, need for surgery, and functional outcome over an extended interval.

METHODS
A prospectively maintained database beginning January 1, 2015, of patients diagnosed with a cavernous malformation (CM) was queried. Data on demographics, radiological imaging, and symptoms at first diagnosis were collected in adult patients who gave their consent to prospective contact. Follow-up was done using questionnaires, in-person visits, and medical record review to assess for prospective symptomatic hemorrhage (i.e., the first hemorrhage after enrollment in the database), seizure, functional outcome measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and treatment. The prospective hemorrhage rate was calculated by the number of prospective hemorrhages divided by patient-years of follow-up censored at last follow-up, first prospective hemorrhage, or death. A Kaplan-Meier curve of survival free of hemorrhage was obtained comparing patients with versus without hemorrhage at the time of presentation and compared with a log-rank test for p < 0.05.

RESULTS
A total of 75 patients with FCM were included, of whom 60% were female. The mean age at diagnosis was 41 ± 16 years. Most symptomatic or large lesions were located supratentorially. At first diagnosis, 27 patients had no symptoms, and the remaining were symptomatic. Over an average of 9.9 years, the rate of prospective hemorrhage was 4.0% per patient-year, and the rate of new seizure was 1.2% per patient-year, with 64% and 32% of patients experiencing at least one symptomatic hemorrhage and at least one seizure, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of the patients underwent at least 1 surgery and 5.3% underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. At the last follow-up, 83.0% of patients remained independent with an mRS score ≤ 2.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors’ findings provide clinically useful information on hemorrhage rate, seizure rate, the likelihood of surgery, and functional outcome. These findings can be helpful to practicing physicians when counseling patients with FCM and their families, who are often apprehensive about their future and well-being.
Building consensus for the medical management of children with moderate and severe acute spinal cord injury: a modified Delphi study
Authors: CreveCoeur Travis S. , Alexiades Nikita G. , Bonfield Christopher M. , Brockmeyer Douglas L. , Browd Samuel R. , Chu Jason , Figaji Anthony A. , Groves Mari L. , Hankinson Todd C. , Harter David H. , Hwang Steven W. , Jea Andrew , Kernie Steven G. , Leonard Jeffrey R. , Martin Jonathan E. , Oetgen Matthew E. , Powers Alexander K. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Skaggs David L. , Strahle Jennifer M. , Wellons John C. , Vitale Michael G. , Anderson Richard C. E. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
The focus of this modified Delphi study was to investigate and build consensus regarding the medical management of children with moderate and severe acute spinal cord injury (SCI) during their initial inpatient hospitalization. This impetus for the study was based on the AANS/CNS guidelines for pediatric SCI published in 2013, which indicated that there was no consensus provided in the literature describing the medical management of pediatric patients with SCIs.

METHODS
An international, multidisciplinary group of 19 physicians, including pediatric neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, and intensivists, were asked to participate. The authors chose to include both complete and incomplete injuries with traumatic as well as iatrogenic etiologies (e.g., spinal deformity surgery, spinal traction, intradural spinal surgery, etc.) due to the overall low incidence of pediatric SCI, potentially similar pathophysiology, and scarce literature exploring whether different etiologies of SCI should be managed differently. An initial survey of current practices was administered, and based on the responses, a follow-up survey of potential consensus statements was distributed. Consensus was defined as ≥ 80% of participants reaching agreement on a 4-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree). A final meeting was held virtually to generate final consensus statements.

RESULTS
Following the final Delphi round, 35 statements reached consensus after modification and consolidation of previous statements. Statements were categorized into the following eight sections: inpatient care unit, spinal immobilization, pharmacological management, cardiopulmonary management, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, genitourinary management, gastrointestinal/nutritional management, and pressure ulcer prophylaxis. All participants stated that they would be willing or somewhat willing to change their practices based on consensus guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS
General management strategies were similar for both iatrogenic (e.g., spinal deformity, traction, etc.) and traumatic SCIs. Steroids were recommended only for injury after intradural surgery, not after acute traumatic or iatrogenic extradural surgery. Consensus was reached that mean arterial pressure ranges are preferred for blood pressure targets following SCI, with goals between 80 and 90 mm Hg for children at least 6 years of age. Further multicenter study of steroid use following acute neuromonitoring changes was recommended.
Morning glory disc anomaly and its implications in moyamoya arteriopathy: a retrospective case series
Authors: See Alfred P. , LoPresti Melissa A. , Treiber Jeffrey , Thomas Brice , Karsten Madeline B. , Riordan Coleman P. , Scott R. Michael , Lam Sandi K. , Smith Edward R. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA), a congenital abnormality of the optic nerve, may be associated with moyamoya arteriopathy, a cerebrovascular abnormality. In this study, the authors aimed to define the temporal evolution of cerebrovascular arteriopathy in patients with MGDA to characterize a rational strategy for screening and management over time.

METHODS
The records of pediatric neurosurgical patients at two academic institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of cerebral arteriopathy and MGDA, including radiographic and clinical records documenting patient outcomes of medical and surgical management.

RESULTS
Thirteen cases of moyamoya syndrome (MMS) associated with MGDA were identified in 13 children aged 0.6–17 years. The pattern of arteriopathy resembled that of non-MGDA MMS, with predominantly anterior circulation involvement. The arteriopathy lateralized with the MGDA, although 3 patients also had contralateral involvement. The overall group was followed for a median of 3.2 years. Radiological biomarkers of cerebral ischemia were applied to guide surgical decisions, and more than half of the patients (7 of 13) had evidence of stroke or progression on serial imaging. Nine patients underwent revascularization surgery, and 4 were managed medically.

CONCLUSIONS
Cerebral arteriopathy observed in association with MGDA resembles MMS seen in patients without MGDA and is dynamic, with progression observed over months to years and an associated risk of cerebral ischemia that indicates a role for surgical revascularization. Radiological biomarkers may augment clinical data to identify candidates for revascularization surgery.
Mental health and substance use disorders in young adults with spina bifida
Authors: Sciscent Bao Y. , Hallan David R. , Rizk Elias B. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Although medical advances have allowed most patients with spina bifida (SB) to survive into adulthood, these patients may have physical impairments, urological complications, infections, and neurocognitive deficits. These factors can cause psychological distress and impact the transition from pediatric to adult care. There remains limited research on mental health disorders (MHDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in SB patients during this vulnerable transition period. This study aimed to investigate the 10-year incidence of MHDs and SUDs in 18- to 25-year-old patients with SB.

METHODS
TriNetX, a federated de-identified database, was retrospectively queried to identify 18- to 25-year-old patients with SB. The presence of MHDs and SUDs based on ICD-10 codes in SB patients (cohort 1) was analyzed and compared with those of patients without SB (cohort 2). Subgroup analysis was performed on SB patients with hydrocephalus and neurogenic bladder (NB). SB patients were further compared to patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI).

RESULTS
After propensity score matching, the authors identified 1494 patients in each cohort. SB patients were more likely to have depression (OR 1.949, 95% CI 1.64–2.317), anxiety (OR 1.603, 95% CI 1.359–1.891), somatoform disorders (OR 2.102, 95% CI 1.052–4.199), and suicidal ideations or attempts and self-harm (OR 1.424, 95% CI 1.014–1.999). The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders were comparable between cohorts. SB patients also had increased rates of nicotine dependence (OR 1.546, 95% CI 1.22–1.959) but not of alcohol or opioid disorders. In SB patients, the presence of hydrocephalus and NB was not associated with significantly increased rates of any measured MHDs or SUDs. When compared with SCI patients, SB patients were more likely to have anxiety (OR 1.377, 95% CI 1.028–1.845) and ADHD (OR 1.875, 95% CI 1.084–3.242). However, SB patients had lower rates of nicotine dependence (OR 0.682, 95% CI 0.482–0.963) and opioid-related disorders (OR 0.434, 95% CI 0.223–0.845). SB and SCI patients shared similar rates of depression, suicidal ideations or attempts and self-harm, and alcohol-related disorders.

CONCLUSIONS
Young adults with SB have higher prevalence rates of MHDs and SUDs compared with the general population. Therefore, incorporation of mental health and substance use management is critical to facilitate transition to adulthood.
Beta-lactam–resistant Staphylococcus aureus in spinal osteomyelitis and spondylodiscitis: current landscape in antibiotic resistance, treatment, and complications
Authors: Saad Berreta Rodrigo , Zhang Helen , Alsoof Daniel , McDonald Christopher L. , Diebo Bassel G. , Kuris Eren , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Spinal osteomyelitis and spondylodiscitis (SD) are infections of the vertebral body and disc, respectively, with more than 50% associated with Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has become a pathogen of interest in cases of SD due to increasing prevalence. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the current epidemiological and microbiological landscape in SD cases, in addition to medical and surgical challenges in treating these infections.

METHODS
The PearlDiver Mariner database was queried for ICD-10 codes to identify cases of SD from 2015 to 2021. The initial cohort was stratified by offending pathogens, including methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. Primary outcome measures included epidemiological trends, demographics, and rates of surgical management. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, rate of reoperation, and complications associated with surgical cases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for age, gender, region, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).

RESULTS
Nine thousand nine hundred eighty-three patients met the inclusion criteria and were retained for this study. Approximately half (45.5%) of SD cases resulting from S. aureus infections each year were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The proportion of cases that were managed surgically was 31.02%. Among the cases that involved surgical intervention, 21.83% underwent revision operations within 30 days of the original procedure and 37.29% of cases returned to the operating room within 1 year. Substance abuse, specifically alcohol, tobacco, and drug use, were strong predictors for surgical intervention in cases of SD (all p < 0.001), in addition to obesity (p = 0.002), liver disease (p < 0.001), and valvular disease (p = 0.025). After adjusting for age, gender, region, and CCI, cases of MRSA were more likely to undergo surgical management (OR 1.19, p = 0.003). MRSA SD also exhibited higher rates of reoperation within 6 months (OR 1.29, p = 0.001) and 1 year (OR 1.36, p < 0.001). Surgical cases resulting from MRSA infections also exhibited higher morbidity and significant rates of transfusion (OR 1.47, p = 0.030), acute kidney injury (OR 1.35, p = 0.001), pulmonary embolism (OR 1.44, p = 0.030), pneumonia (OR 1.49, p = 0.002), and urinary tract infection (OR 1.45, p = 0.002) compared with MSSA SD infections.

CONCLUSIONS
More than 45% of cases of S. aureus SD in the US are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, presenting obstacles in treatment. Cases of MRSA SD are more likely to be managed surgically and have higher rates of complications and reoperations. Early detection and prompt operative management are imperative to reduce the risk of complications.
Modern Challenges of Economic Cooperation between the Republic of Korea and the United States
Authors: Zueva Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

For the past 20 years, South Korea has successfully balanced between its main trading partners, the US and China. However, with the new president’s accession to power in March 2022, the Republic of Korea has become more and more committed to the US strategic alliance, while not losing interest in trade with China. Washington seeks to use various economic instruments to get the maximum benefit from the alliance with Seoul. The declared areas of strategic partnership within the framework of the US-South Korea alliance are facing a number of challenges provoked by the US protectionist policy and Washington&apos;s desire to maintain influence in key areas. The Republic of Korea is trying to secure comfortable conditions for cooperation, but at the same time, it is gradually adapting to new American requirements. South Korea, like the United States, is striving for leadership in the high-tech market and is currently competing rather than working as a team. Thus, in the future, with continued pressure from Washington, companies in the Republic of Korea may lose their competitive advantages in world markets, and even become completely dependent on the United States. These tendencies lead to the strengthening of the opinion in South Korean society that deep economic integration with America may not be in the national interests of the Republic of Korea.

In the article, the author analyzes the existing challenges in the economic relations between the Republic of Korea and the United States in 2022. In addition, challenges are predicted that can have a greater impact on US-South Korean foreign trade relations in the foreseeable future.
The Expediency of Creating a Supranational Currency within the Framework of the SCO and BRICS International Organizations Under the Influence of Trade and Sanctions Restrictions
Authors: Stepanov Nikita 
Published: March 2023

The research consists in substantiating the significance and potential of the grouping of the SCO and BRICS countries; determining the conditions for the possibility of creating a supranational currency within the framework of the SCO and BRICS international organizations under the influence of trade and sanctions restrictions; formulating the advantages and disadvantages of several areas of transformation of the global financial system. The BRICS countries account for more than 40% of the world&apos;s population and almost 30% of global GDP, and they have high potential in all spheres of economic activity. At the same time, the dominance of the dollar allows the American economy to influence the world with its monetary policy, strengthens the US position in the global economy.
Turbulence in the international arena is increasingly pushing the countries of the SCO and BRICS international organizations to take steps to strengthen their positions in the world, including the possible admission of new members and an increase in trading volumes of their national currencies. It is shown that the increasing turbulence, the questions arising in many countries regarding the freezing of foreign exchange reserves of the state and the procedure for the confiscation of the property of Russian oligarchs, the measures of central banks of different countries to diversify their reserves into currencies such as the yuan indicate that the dominance of the dollar may end not the main competitors of the dollar, but a large group of alternative currencies.

It is proved that since the dollar and the euro rely on a huge amount of printed money and do not have a solid foundation behind them, the BRICS currency can be based on real goods traded on exchanges: oil, precious metals, wheat, rice, coffee and much more. Since the BRICS countries are major suppliers of the stock market, therefore, the diverse composition of the BRICS countries&apos; exports gives them the opportunity to complement each other, which confirms the feasibility of creating a supranational currency within the framework of the SCO and BRICS international organizations.
LITERATURE REVIEW MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE DETERMINATION: TRAINING ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Kurniawati Lilis 
Published: March 2023

Previous and relevant research has a great influence on the research to be carried out. Previous research serves to strengthen the theory of the relationship between variables. This pre-research was conducted with the aim of building a hypothesis with a descriptive method. This pre-research aims to determine the effect of the variables, namely training and performance appraisal, on motivation and performance. The results of this library research are: 1) Training has an effect on motivation; 2) Rating k performance has an effect on motivation; 3) Training has an effect on performance; 4) Rating k performance affects performance; and 5) Motivation has an effect on performance .