bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faculty Experience and Reliability of Assessing Narrative Reports using Rubrics: Report from a Dental School in India
Authors: Krishnappa P , Sriranga J , Shwetha KM , Sagarkar AR , Singh A 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Assessment drives learning is a well-known adage. If the assessment is subjective, it can under/overestimate the student’s performance and thus impair the learning process. Rubrics help standardize the assessment by giving guidelines to both the assessor and the student and minimize subjectivity.

Methodology:
A mixed method design was employed to identify the inter- and intra-rater reliability of assessing narrative reports and explore the faculty perceptions on using rubrics for the assessment of narrative reports.

Results:
The inter-rater reliability scores were 0.08 without the use of rubrics and 0.93 with the use of rubrics demonstrating a statistically significant-excellent reliability when rubrics were used. The intra- and inter-examiner mean total assessment scores showed a statistically significant variation when rubrics were not used while the variation was reduced with the use of rubric. The two examiners who were part of the study welcomed the use of rubrics for assessment. They concurred that rubrics gave the assessor the schema and minimized the subjectivity of the assessment. Although the time taken for assessment was initially longer with a rubric scale, subsequently, the time taken was reduced. The assessors felt that they were now in a position to give richer constructive feedback to students. They felt that the students should also know the rubric scale beforehand so that it sets the expectations and helps the student to set self-determined learning goals.

Conclusion:
The use of rubrics improves inter- and intra-rater reliability of assessment scores. It gives a direction to the examiners and helps categorizing the student performance with minimal subjectivity.
Observational study of short-segment pedicle screw fixation for dorsolumbar spine injury
Authors: Roshan Reetesh , Saw Manish Kumar , Kumar Rahul , Chandan Kumar , Kumar Indrajeet , Kumar Santosh 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Traumatic injury of dorsolumbar spine is one of the most common sites of spinal injuries because of its location between rigid kyphotic thoracic and mobile lordotic lumbar spine. Its treatment by pedicle screw fixation by short segment (one level above and below the fractured vertebra) or long segment (two levels above and below the fractured vertebra) has always remained a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to assess the functional outcome of short-segment fixation in dorsolumbar spine injury.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted on thirty, single-level, unstable dorsolumbar spine fracture patients, who underwent short-segment pedicle screw instrumentation at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, between October 2019 and September 2021. All the patients were operated by posterior approach and stabilized the vertebrae with short-segment pedicle screw instrumentation. All patients were followed up for 1 year.

Results:
Thirty patients (21 males and 9 females) of mean age 34.2 ± 11.74 years were included in the study. The most common mode of injury was fall from height (24 patients, 80%), followed by road traffic accident (six patients, 20%). The most common fracture pattern was compression fractures in 23 (76.67%) patients, followed by burst fractures in 7 (23.33%) patients. The most common level of injury was L1, followed by D12. Neurological improvement of at least one level was seen in 21 patients, and nine patients had no neurological improvement. There was a statistically significant correction of kyphotic angle of 14.9°. At 1 year of follow-up, 21 (70%) patients had <40% Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and 9 (30%) patients had more than 40% ODI. Out of 30 patients, 2 (6.67%) patients had bedsore, 1 (3.33%) patient had superficial infection, and 1 (3.33%) patient had implant failure.

Conclusion:
The short-segment posterior instrumentation system is a very stable construct. It maintained the corrected deformity after fracture reduction and spares the motion segment which is sacrificed in the conventional long-segment fixation. The soft tissue dissection, blood loss, and duration of surgery are less in this procedure.
A study to assess the impact of appropriate intervention/s on compliance w.r.t. key hospital infection control parameters in dialysis unit of a tertiary healthcare teaching institute in India
Authors: Harsvardhan Rajesh , Kushwaha Ruchi , Mishra Richa , Prasad Narayan 
Published: March 2023

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of appropriate interventions on key infection control parameters subsequent to baseline assessment in dialysis unit with objectives to ascertain the current status of knowledge, attitude, and practice for key hospital infection control (HIC) parameters, to develop and execute appropriate interventions, to assess the impact of interventions, and to recommend an evidence-based HIC module.

Methodology:
An interventional, longitudinal study was conducted from April 2018 to May 2019 in dialysis unit of SGPGI. Study samples were nurses and technicians. The questionnaire was designed to assess knowledge and attitude. To evaluate practices, a checklist was drafted and graduated by scoring from 0 to 10. Interventions made were on-site training and workshop, IEC, and placement of alcohol-based hand rub. Data analysis was done by SPSS 23. For normally distributed data of the study, Descriptive Statistics was presented in the form of mean ± 2 standard deviation. Paired Sample t-test was used to compare the mean score and Chi Square test was used to compare the Knowledge between pre and post-intervention.

Results:
The overall improvement in knowledge was from 55% to 70% (P = 0.017–0.000). For attitude, the mean scores changed from 4.61 ± 0.562, 4.63 ± 0.582, 4.40 ± 0.756, and 4.36 ± 0.889 to 69 ± 0.493, 4.76 ± 0.428, 4.73 ± 0.449, and 4.64 ± 0.621. Regarding practices, prior to intervention, the mean scores were 20.49 ± 5.699, 48.75 ± 18.185, 63.25 ± 22.376, and 23.03 ± 10.036, and following intervention, it was found to be 22.98 ± 6.614 (2.49% increase, t = −2.990; P = 0.004), 52.81 ± 19.074 (4.06% increase, t = −1.473; P = 0.145), 68.00 ± 21.955 (4.75% increase, t = −1.472; P = 0.145), and 31.06 ± 13.400 (8.03% increase, t = −4.270; P = 0.000).

Conclusions:
Hemodialysis patients are vulnerable to severe infections for many reasons in dialysis setting including the failure to comply with appropriate hand hygiene, contamination of the instrument, or improper disinfection practices.
Epidemiology of emotional and psychological problems in Iranian children: Protocol of a cross-sectional study in Isfahan
Authors: Feizi Awat , Parsaei Roqayeh , Heidari Zahra , Haghighatdoost Fahimeh , Najmi Badroddin 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The present study aimed at providing comprehensive epidemiological data about the prevalence of psychological and emotional problems in a representative sample of Iranian children and evaluates the major and common determinants of parents and family environment of these problems.

Materials and Methods:
The epidemiology of emotional and psychological problems in Iranian children is a cross-sectional study was conducted on 786 families and their 800 children during 2019–2021 in Isfahan, Iran. Personality traits, psychological health, marital satisfaction, individual's perceptions of his/her family and quality of life of parents were evaluated using Iranian-validated questionnaires. Various aspects of emotional, general, psychological, and sleep health as well as physical activity levels and nutritional habits of children also have been assessed using Iranian validated instruments. Data on sociodemographic characteristics representing parents and family status also have been collected.

Results:
The mean age of parents and children was 39.5 ± 5.5 and 10.20 ± 1.90 (years), respectively. The mean duration of marriage was 16.1 ± 5.1 years and majority of parents his or her wife were at bachelor degree while parents with other degrees of education were sufficiently available in our study. The participated children were nearly equally distributed in terms of gender. A large portion (81.9%) of questionnaires about children was filled by mothers. Majority of children (62.2%) were first birth order.

Conclusion:
The current study provides comprehensive data about various psychological, emotional, and educational problems of Iranian children and new insights about family environment and parental interrelationship as key risk factors for the aforementioned problems in which may have implications for both clinical and preventive psychological health to improve individual educational and treatment efficacy and problem-solving in problematic children.
The concept of “Kostroma school of icon painting”: statement of the problem
Authors: Сулоев И.Н. 
Published: March 2023

В статье исследуется появление термина «костромская школа иконописи», его дальнейшая трансформация и развитие в течение второй половины XX – начала XXI века. В ходе исследования были проанализированы статьи, публикации и монографии, каталоги, касающиеся изучения иконописи Центральной России. В 1960-е годы, в период начала реставрации и раскрытия икон и фресок, искусствоведы выделяют костромскую школу живописи (В.Г. Брюсова, Г.И. Вздорнов, В.Н. Иванов, А.В. Кильдышев). В начале 2000-х на основе накопившегося материала С.С. Каткова и Н.И. Комашко предлагают такой термин для произведений костромских изографов и иконописцев, как «костромская художественная традиция». Внутри него на основании стилистического анализа выделяются группы икон: круг Гурия Никитина и произведения учеников и последователей мастера. В настоящее время в искусствоведческой науке в отношении костромской живописи XVII века применяется два понятия: школа живописи и художественная традиция. Оба направления требуют дальнейшего исследования, чему способствует реставрация икон и введение в научный оборот новых памятников.
The article examines the emergence of the term “Kostroma school of icon painting” and its further transformation and development during the second half of the 20th – early 21st century. The study analysed articles, publications and monographs, catalogues related to the study of iconography in Central Russia. In the 1960s, during the beginning of the restoration and opening of icons and frescoes, art critics distinguish the Kostroma school of painting (V.G. Bryusova, G.I. Vzdornov, V.N. Ivanov, A.V. Kildyshev). In the early 2000s, S.S. Katkova and N.I. Komashko, on the basis of the accumulated material, proposed such a term of Kostroma isographers and icon painters as “Kostroma artistic tradition”. Within it, on basis of the stylistic analysis, groups of icons are distinguished: the circle of Gury Nikitin and the works of the master’s students and followers. Currently, two concepts are used in art history in relation to the Kostroma painting of the 17th century: the school of painting and the artistic tradition. Both directions require further research, and this is facilitated by the restoration of icons and the introduction of new monuments into scientific circulation.
Analysis of chronic pathology of the pharynx according to the results of pathohistological findings
Authors: Shlyaga I. D. , Miazheinikava M. O. , Cheliabiyeva N. P. , Hlavatskaya I. P. , Shalyga I. F. 
Published: March 2023

Objective. To analyze the incidence of lymphoid structures of the pharynx among the adult population during the period from January 2021 to August 2022 in three nosological forms: chronic decompensated tonsillitis (CDT), hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsils (HPT), hypertrophy of lingual tonsillitis (HLT). To determine the relationship of the above pathology between the age and sex of patients at the present stage. To evaluate the role of mycobiota in the structure of pharyngeal morbidity.Materials and methods. The object of the study was 96 patients with chronic pathology of the lymphoid structures of the pharynx aged from 17 to 70 years, who were on inpatient treatment at the Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital (GRCH) during the period from January 2021 to August 2022. All patients underwent surgical intervention followed by an assessment of the pathohistological conclusions of postoperative samples of pharyngeal lymphatic formations. The patients were divided into 3 nosological study groups: CDT; HPT; HLT. Statistical data processing was performed using software: MS Excel and the programming language for statistical data analysis R (version 4.2.1), packages tidyverse (version 1.3.1), rstatix (version 0.7.0), ggstatsplot (version 0.9.5).Results. The study revealed the most common nosological groups among patients with pathology of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring of Pirogov-Waldeyer: CDT (44%) and HPT (38%). A significant difference was revealed between the incidence rates of pathology of the Pirogov-Waldeyer pharyngeal lymphatic ring in the study age groups from 17 to 25 years (p=0.0008); from 26 to 35 years (p=0.0021); 56 years and older (p=0.008). The median age of patients in the study group was 35 years (LQ 24.0; UQ 48.5), whereas in some nosological forms: CDT – 30 years (LQ 23.0; UQ 41.0), namely 28 years among women and 36 years among men; HРT – 32.5 years (LQ 24.0; UQ 43.25), namely 34.5 years among women and 31.5 years among men; HLT – 57 years (LQ 49.0; UQ 63.0), and it is 56.5 years among women and 57 years among men. Morphological examination revealed only 2 (2%) cases of mycotic lesions of the removed lymphoid masses.Conclusion. The relationship between the pathology of lymphoid structures of the pharynx in three nosological forms (CDT, HPT, HLT) and the age of patients was revealed. The role of mycobiota in the overall study group in the structure of pharyngeal morbidity at the present stage was evaluated.
Assessment of employability in patients with breast cancer with a completely unfavorable clinical-labor prognosis
Authors: Smychek V. B. , Ilyukhin P. A. , Slipchenko E. G. , Titova L. N. 
Published: March 2023

Objective. To develop objective criteria applicable in the practice of medical and social expertise when assessing the employability of patients suffering from breast cancer with absolutely life-threatening clinical and labor prognosis.Materials and methods. In order to realize our aims we conducted a retrospective study of 37 female patients of employable age with malignant neoplasms of the breast, who at examination (primary or repeated) in medical and rehabilitation expert commissions (MREC) were assigned the first disability group due to absolutely unfavorable clinical and labor prognosis in respect of life in the nearest future. Inclusion criteria were morphologically confirmed breast cancer, absolutely unfavorable clinical and clinical and labor prognosis. Exclusion criteria were synchronous and metachronous cancer, presence of significant concomitant pathology.Results. The results of the study showed that it is reasonable to use quantitative values of the Karnovsky index and ECOG scale as the simplest and the most universal criteria for evaluation of the general somatic status of a patient when examining patients with breast cancer with absolutely unfavorable prognosis at MREC. During the study, the quantitative values of the given indicators correlating with the degree of severity of disability to labor activity are determined: at the values of the Karnovsky index 60 points and more, the ECOG status 2-3, a reliable correlation (τ = 0,51, p < 0,001) with severely limited ability to work (АС 4) is revealed. As a result of the study, it was demonstrated that disabled individuals of the first group can be recognized as able-bodied with limitations only with higher values of these scales, taking into account harmful and dangerous production factors, as well as class of working conditions.Conclusion. We found that when assessing the degree of severity of limitations to the ability to work in the disabled people of the first group with absolutely unfavorable clinical and labor prognosis, it is reasonable to be guided by the generally accepted scales of assessment of the general condition of a cancer patient (Karnovsky index, ECOG scale), taking into account the existing harmful and/or dangerous production factors, as well as the working conditions class.
Insurance medicine in Belarus in the first third of the twentieth century
Authors: Kaplieva M. P. , Kapliyev A. A. 
Published: March 2023

Objective. To characterize the process of development of insurance medicine in Belarus in the first third of the twentieth century.Materials and methods. Archival, periodical and narrative sources processed using general scientific and special historical research methods.Results. Insurance medicine in Belarus originated in the early twentieth century in the form of hospital sick funds, which provided medical care to workers in case of illness, but was actually destroyed during the First World War. In Soviet Belarus the development of insurance medicine began during a period of massive reduction in healthcare funding associated with the New Economic Policy. In fact, insurance medicine became only a financial donor to the People’s Commissariat for Healthcare, but it was not distinguished as an independent branch, which was typical for the pre-revolutionary period, so the principle of unity of Soviet medicine was preserved. A characteristic feature of the studied period was the small social coverage of medical insurance, which applied only to workers and employees, who constituted a small part of the population of Soviet Belarus, where the rural population was greatly dominated.Conclusion. Despite the successful experience of organizing insurance medicine, it was only a temporary measure to maintain the resources of unified Soviet state medicine and in reality covered an extremely small percentage of the population, so after the crisis in health care was overcome it was abolished.
Identification of groups of residents in contaminated territories homogeneous in the external exposure dose by a set of informative factors-signs
Authors: Kulikovich D. B. , Vlasova N. G. 
Published: March 2023

Objective. On the basis of the regularities established earlier, to identify professionally and socially oriented, homogeneous by external exposure dose, groups of residents living in the contaminated with radionuclides territories according to the set of informative factor-signs.Materials and methods. The present study is a continuation of the research of factors influencing external radiation dose formation in individuals living in areas contaminated with radionuclides. The data on external radiation doses for 25503 residents of Gomel region living in 289 settlements obtained by individual dosimetric control and the previously identified factors which statistically justify the external radiation dose formation were included in the study.Results. Analysis of external exposure doses of Gomel region residents according to the set of informative factor-signs revealed that there is a wide dispersion of doses among different social groups which allowed to form professionally and socially oriented homogeneous groups according to external exposure dose taking into account dose forming factors revealed earlier. The results of the study statistically demonstrate that informative factor-signs: professional employment, age and gender affiliation together influence individual external exposure dose formation.Conclusion. Professional homogeneous groups of different social groups were formed based on a set of informative factor-signs which determine its formation in individuals living in areas contaminated with radionuclides. This will become the basis for developing the method of reconstruction and prognosis of individualized external exposure dose in the future.
Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-fluoro-N-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)benzamide
Authors: Elancheran Ramakrishnan , Karthikeyan Balakrishnan , Srinivasan Subramanian , Krishnasamy Kuppusamy , Kabilan Senthamaraikannan 
Published: March 2023

The 4-fluoro-N-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)benzamide was synthesized by the reaction of 4-fluorobenzohydrazide with phthalic anhydride in acetic acid. The compound was characterized by analytical instruments like FT-IR and NMR. The three-dimensional structure of the title compound was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. In addition to the experimental study, theoretical calculations were performed to explore the molecular structure in order to analyze experimental and theoretical findings. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n as determined by the X-ray diffraction investigation, crystal data for C15H9FN2O3·H2O: a = 14.094(6) Å, b = 7.248(3) Å, c = 14.517(6) Å, β = 105.116(14)°, V = 1431.6(10) Å3, Z = 4, T = 298(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.112 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.402 g/cm3, 37521 reflections measured (4.684° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 60.6°), 4225 unique (Rint = 0.0517, Rsigma = 0.0311) that were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0537 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1501 (all data). The N-H···O and O-H···O hydrogen bonds linking molecules in the crystal form a three-dimensional framework structure. The electronic states and molecular properties of the title compound were determined using computational studies, like density functional theory and Hirshfeld surface analysis.
Comparative chemical composition and pesticidal evaluation of Acorus calamus accessions collected from different geographical locations
Authors: Joshi Tisha , Nagarkoti Kirti , Joshi Navadha , Rawat Avneesh , Prakash Om , Kumar Ravendra , Srivastava Ravi Mohan , Kumar Satya , Rawat Shilpi , Rawat Dharmendra Singh 
Published: March 2023

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the phytochemical composition of essential oils (EO) from rhizomes of Acorus calamus collected from Jorhat, Assam; Munsyari and Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. EOs were studied for different pesticidal activities viz; nematicidal, insecticidal, and herbicidal activity. To study the synergistic effect of EOs on pesticidal activity, four combinations of EOs were prepared. Phenylpropanoids with β-asarone as the main compound were identified in all collections with varying percentages. Its contribution was found to be 85.8% in Munsyari EOs followed by 74.3% in Pantnagar and 62.6% in Assam collections. All EOs exhibited dose-dependent in vitro nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita in terms of immobility and inhibition of egg hatching. The activity was observed as maximum in the EO combination of all three collections (1:1:1) whereas minimum in the Assam collections. In insecticidal activity against Lipaphis erysimi and Selepa celtis, maximum mortality was observed in Munsyari collections. The oils were assessed for sprout inhibition activity in terms of seed germination inhibition, coleoptile growth of the shoot and root against Raphanus raphanistrum. Maximum seed germination inhibition, % shoot, and root growth inhibition were found in all collections EO combinations. To predict the possible mode of action and the structure-activity relationship between major compounds of EOs and biological activities, in silico molecular docking and ADME/Tox studies were performed. The docking results revealed the mode of action of proteins of insects, nematodes, and weeds and were found in support of in vitro experiments. The study may be helpful for the development of herbal-based pesticides after proper clinical trials.