bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular implications of Dasineura sp. galls' establishment on Peumus boldus stems
Authors: Guedes L. M. , Aguilera N. , Gavilán E. , Péndola J. A. , Villagrán N. E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Some chewing larvae are capable of inducing galls in the host vascular cylinder, e.g. Dasineura sp. (Cecidomyiidae) on Peumus boldus stems. Due to the medicinal and economic importance of P. boldus, the anatomical and functional implications of establishment of Dasineura sp. on P. boldus stems were investigated. We asked if establishment of Dasineura sp. in P. boldus stems induces abnormalities at the cellular and organizational level of the vascular system that increase during gall development in favour of the hydric status of the gall.
Anatomical alterations induced in the stems during gall development were determined. Cytohistometric analyses in mature galls were compared to non‐galled stems, and water potential and leaf area of non‐galled stems were compared with galled stems.
Dasineura sp. establishes in the vascular cambium, leading to delignification and rupture of xylem cells, inhibiting formation of phloem and perivascular sclerenchyma. Gall diameter increases together with larval feeding activity, producing a large larval chamber and numerous layers of nutritive tissue, vascular parenchyma, and sclerenchyma. These anatomical alterations do not affect the leaf area of galled stems but favour increased water flow towards these stems.
The anatomical alterations induced by Dasineura sp. in P. boldus stems guarantee water and nutrient supply to the gall and larva. After the inducer exits stems, some host branches no longer have vascular connections with the plant body.
Estimating assortment size effects on platforms: Leveraging imperfect geographic targeting for causal inference
Authors: Wang Yang , Luo Xueming , Lin Zhijie 
Published: July 2023

Customers of two‐sided platforms may succumb to choice overload due to the frequently overwhelming assortment in such markets. We investigate the effect of assortment size on consumers' purchase probability using a unique click‐stream dataset from a large peer‐to‐peer meal delivery platform. To resolve the key endogeneity challenge that assortment size may be larger in areas where consumers experience greater utility from purchase, we introduce a novel causal inference strategy that exploits a common but imperfect geographic targeting tool employed by the platform: limiting kitchens to a set of fixed delivery radii. We argue and show through simulation exercises that true assortment size effects on purchase probability can be estimated when we employ clustering algorithms to recover and account for neighborhoods that may be targeted by suppliers. Applying our causal inference strategy to the home‐cooked delivery setting, we find that purchase rate effects of assortment size are rapidly diminishing. In fact, our findings suggest that up to 18% of active users experience choice overload. These effects persist despite accounting for potential pricing, assortment variety, and personalization confounds and are robust to nonparametric specifications and accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in assortment effects. We further document the novel moderating role of new‐to‐user and off‐platform options on assortment size effects.
Trajectories of cardiovascular risk predict pregnancy outcomes: The Bogalusa Heart Study and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Harville Emily W. , Hakala Juuso O. , Rovio Suvi P. , Pahkala Katja , Raitakari Olli , Lehtimäki Terho 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundLife course patterns of change in risk—trajectories—affect health.ObjectivesTo examine how trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors are associated with pregnancy and birth outcomes.MethodsData from two cohort studies participating in the International Childhood Cardiovascular Consortium—The Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS; started in 1973, N = 903 for this analysis) and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS; started in 1980, N = 499) were used. Both followed children into adulthood and measured cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), total, lipoprotein (LDL)‐ and high density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Discrete mixture modelling was used to divide each cohort into distinct trajectories according to these risk factors from childhood to early adulthood, and these groups were then used to predict pregnancy outcomes including small for gestational age (SGA; <10th study‐specific percentile of gestational age by sex), preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks' gestation), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with control for age at baseline and at first birth, parity, socioeconomic status, BMI and smoking.ResultsThe models created more trajectories for BMI, SBP and HDL‐cholesterol in the YFS than in BHS, for which three classes generally seemed to be sufficient to represent the groups in the population across risk factors. In BHS, the association between the higher and flatter DBP trajectory and PTB was aRR 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 2.96. In BHS the association between consistent total cholesterol and PTB was aRR 2.16, 95% CI 1.22, 3.85 and in YFS the association between elevated high trajectory and PTB was aRR 3.35, 95% CI 1.28, 8.79. Elevated‐increasing SBP was associated with a higher risk of GH in BHS and increasing or persistent‐obese BMI trajectories were associated with GDM in both cohorts (BHS: aRR 3.51, 95% CI 1.95, 6.30; YFS: aRR 2.61, 95% CI 0.96, 7.08).ConclusionsTrajectories of cardiovascular risk, particularly those that represent a consistent or more rapid worsening of cardiovascular health, are associated with a higher risk of pregnancy complications.
The rise of international climate litigation
Authors: Mayer Benoit , van Asselt Harro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInternational climate litigation is on the rise, with international courts and tribunals being asked to offer advisory opinions on climate change, several rights‐based climate change claims being put forward before international human rights bodies and courts, and international economic tribunals increasingly being engaged with the issue. This special issue on international climate litigation examines these trends and seeks to better understand how international litigation may foster (or, sometimes, impede) action on climate change. In this introduction to the special issue, we offer our reflections based on some of the central themes of the special issue. In particular, we underscore the need to think strategically about the possible (intended and unintended) outcomes of international climate litigation.
Rogue waves in the massive Thirring model
Authors: Chen Junchao , Yang Bo , Feng Bao‐Feng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, general rogue wave solutions in the massive Thirring (MT) model are derived by using the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy reduction method and these rational solutions are presented explicitly in terms of determinants whose matrix elements are elementary Schur polynomials. In the reduction process, three reduction conditions including one index‐ and two dimension‐ones are proved to be consistent by only one constraint relation on parameters of tau‐functions of the KP‐Toda hierarchy. It is found that the rogue wave solutions in the MT model depend on two background parameters, which influence their orientation and duration. Differing from many other coupled integrable systems, the MT model only admits the rogue waves of bright‐type, and the higher order rogue waves represent the superposition of fundamental ones in which the nonreducible parameters determine the arrangement patterns of fundamental rogue waves. Particularly, the super rogue wave at each order can be achieved simply by setting all internal parameters to be zero, resulting in the amplitude of the sole huge peak of order N being times the background. Finally, rogue wave patterns are discussed when one of the internal parameters is large. Similar to other integrable equations, the patterns are shown to be associated with the root structures of the Yablonskii–Vorob'ev polynomial hierarchy through a linear transformation.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on high‐skilled and low‐skilled labor markets in a DSGE model
Authors: Chu Shiou‐Yen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis research analyzes the unequal impact of COVID‐19 on high‐skilled and low‐skilled labor in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. The model is calibrated to fit Taiwan's economy and evaluates the effectiveness of various fiscal measures, including an increase in government spending, an increase in lump‐sum transfers, a disbursement of consumption vouchers, and an income tax cut, for combating the pandemic recession. Our results indicate that low‐skilled households tend to hoard labor more than high‐skilled households during economic downturns. An income tax cut outperforms other fiscal instruments in generating the highest aggregate welfare and in advancing output, employment, and consumption.
Worth the risk? Fear of being single and willingness to make risky health decisions in sex and dating contexts
Authors: Spielmann Stephanie S. , Nehmeh Sabrina , Cantarella Isabel A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDoes fear of being single (FOBS) predict risky health behaviors when such behavior could promote pursuit of a romantic connection? Study 1 tested general tendencies toward taking health risks associated with FOBS. Study 2 tested how those with stronger FOBS navigated romantic versus non‐romantic risk behavior during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Study 3 extended the test of risky behavior beyond the pandemic to test whether FOBS was associated with willingness to engage in risky sexual behavior. Despite nonsignificant associations with taking health risks more generally, FOBS was associated with greater willingness to engage in risky behaviors in dating contexts, particularly when considering their willingness to settle for less in relationships. This research provides novel insight into dating choices associated with stronger FOBS and how willingness to settle predicts risky health behavior when it could appeal to romantic prospects.
Reliable Initial Model Selection for Efficient Characterization of Channel Reservoirs in Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Kim Doeon , Lee Youjun , Choe Jonggeun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ensemble Kalman filter is typically utilized to characterize reservoirs with high uncertainty. However, it requires a large number of reservoir models for stable and reliable update of its members, resulting in high simulation time. In this study, we propose a sampling scheme using convolutional autoencoder and principal component analysis for fast and reliable channel reservoir characterization. The proposed method provides good initial models similar to the reference model and gives successful model update for reliable quantification of future performances of channel reservoirs. Despite using fewer than 50 reservoir models, we achieve similar or even superior results compared to using all 400 initial models in this study. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme with ensemble Kalman filter provides faithful assimilation results while saving computation time.
A Reduced Mass-Spring-Mass-Model of Compliant Robots Dedicated to the Evaluation of Impact Forces
Authors: Jeanneau Guillaume , Bégoc Vincent , Briot Sébastien 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The introduction of intrinsic compliance in the design of robots allows to reduce the risk for humans working in the vicinity of a robotic cell. Indeed, it permits to decouple the dynamic effects of the links’ inertia from those of the rotors’ inertia, thus reducing the maximum impact force in case of a collision. However, robot designers are lacking modeling tools to help simulate numerous collision scenarios, analyze the behavior of a compliant robot, and optimize its design. In this article, we introduce a method to reduce the dynamic model of a multi-link compliant robot to a simple translational mass-spring-mass system. Simulation results show that this reduced model allows to accurately predict the maximal impact force in case of a collision with a constrained human body part. Multiple impact scenarios are conducted on two case studies, a planar serial elastic robot and the R-Min robot, an underactuated parallel planar robot, designed for collaboration.
Application of VVUQ Concepts to ASME Codes and Standards for Pressure Vessels
Authors: Kemper Bart 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
VVUQ techniques were developed to address simulation credibility when a device or manufacturing process is analyzed through computational means. If the device or manufacturing process analyzed fails, the consequences could be potentially hazardous, if not catastrophic, to the health and welfare of the public. VVUQ procedures provide a needed framework to guide the engineer in the design of a device, system, or process along with the supporting calculations so that there is transparency in presenting the simulation results. While major research facilities, medical device developers, and cutting-edge technology companies have led the development of specific VVUQ techniques, these principles are appropriate for simulation-informed decision making regardless of the industry, but the degree of detail is driven by the risk and uncertainty. This paper will present how VVUQ applies to established industries, using the ASME pressure vessel standards as an example. In traditional “by rules” pressure vessel design, uncertainty has been reduced by decades of testing and development. Similarly, explicit use of VVUQ is not typically needed for numerical modeling such as Finite Element Modeling (FEM) in “design by analysis” when applied within the confines of ASME pressure vessel standards because the testing and development to develop those engineering standards reduced the uncertainty. By showing where VVUQ principles have been implicitly applied, the paper will then show why explicit VVUQ requirements and constraints are required for the standard under development, “Design By Analysis for Glassy Polymers,” which does not have the benefit of pre-qualified material data or simplifying assumptions such as thin wall pressure theory. Identifying the implicit VVUQ methods in current pressure vessel standards will help ensure that the simulation and experimentation used for glassy polymers will meet or exceed the reliability established by those standards. These VVUQ methods will also provide guidance for novel applications of pressure vessel technology and other structural applications outside the scope of established engineering codes.
Attaining the Asymptotic Range in Rans Simulations
Authors: Eça L. , Kerkvliet M. , Toxopeus S.L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In engineering simulations involving turbulent fluid flows, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are still the most common mathematical model. The RANS equations require the use of a turbulence model to calculate the Reynolds stresses generated by the averaging of the momentum equations. Nowadays, the most popular turbulence models require the solution of additional transport equations that can range from one to seven equations.
In this paper we illustrate the difficulties in attaining and identifying the so-called asymptotic range in grid refinement studies performed for the numerical solution of the RANS equations in the flow over a flat plate. Three turbulence models are tested: two-equation, eddy-viscosity, k—ω SST and k-kL turbulence models and the seven-equation Reynolds stress model SSG/LRR—ω. The three turbulence models are tested with second and first-order upwind schemes applied to the convective terms of the turbulence models transport equations.
The results show that even in this simple flow, attaining the asymptotic order of grid convergence requires unreasonable levels of grid refinement. Furthermore, even in strictly geometrical similar grids, the observed order of grid refinement can be extremely sensitive to the discretization schemes used in the turbulence model and to any disturbances in the data. An alternative and more efficient way to address the quality of an error estimation based on a single term expansion is to determine the change of the estimate of the exact solution with grid refinement.
Methodology for Validation of Finite Element Analysis Utilizing Strain Gauge Measurements
Authors: Sulwinski Rafal , Johnston Rusty 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As analysis utilizing Finite Element Method (FEM) has become widely adopted in engineering practices and incorporated into governing standards, physical validation of these analyses is often forgone. Physical validation gives insight into the validity of assumptions and simplifications commonly used to efficiently process FEM simulations. This paper proposes that one reason physical validation is commonly forgone is a lack of knowledge of a general end to end methodology for the physical measurement, processing, and comparison of data. This paper presents such a methodology for the comparison of structural mechanical finite element analysis against strain gauge measurements utilizing the test case of a pressure vessel.
Rectangular, three-axis, 45° strain gauge rosettes have been used to obtain normal strain inputs. The limitations and pitfalls of employing strain gauges with less than three measuring directions are briefly discussed.
A procedure is provided for converting the three measured normal strains into three principal strains, von Mises equivalent strain and maximum shear strain. The principal directions, as well as an algorithm needed to resolve the ambiguity of the angle between the principal directions and gauge axes, are provided as well.
Then, the strains are converted into principal stresses, von Mises equivalent stress and maximum shear stress. The post-processed strain gauge readings are visualized by employing 3D Mohr’s Circle for stress and strain. The visualization provides clear proof that the maximum shear lies on a plane different from the one on which the gauge has been attached.
Using the described methodology, comparison shows that the difference between the FEA results and the post-processed strain gauge readings is less than 5%. The magnitudes of principal stresses and strains, the equivalent stress and strain, as well as the maximum shear stress and strain are compared.
Besides the magnitudes of stresses and strains, the principal directions are compared and scrutinized, revealing the corroboration between the FEA and the physical measurements. This corroboration gives validity to both the methodology and assumptions, such as plane stress, used.
Single-molecule study reveals Hmo1, not Hho1, promotes chromatin assembly in budding yeast
Authors: Wang Mengxue , Li Jinghua , Wang Yong , Fu Hang , Qiu Haoning , Li Yanying , Li Ming , Lu Ying , Fu Yu Vincent 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Linker histone H1 plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including nucleosome stabilization, high-order chromatin structure organization, gene expression, and epigenetic regulation in eukaryotic cells. Unlike higher eukaryotes, little about the linker histone in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
is known. Hho1 and Hmo1 are two long-standing controversial histone H1 candidates in budding yeast. In this study, we directly observed at the single-molecule level that Hmo1, but not Hho1, is involved in chromatin assembly in the yeast nucleoplasmic extracts (YNPE), which can replicate the physiological condition of the yeast nucleus. The presence of Hmo1 facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on DNA in YNPE, as revealed by single-molecule force spectroscopy. Further single-molecule analysis showed that the lysine-rich
C
-terminal domain (CTD) of Hmo1 is essential for the function of chromatin compaction, while the second globular domain at the
C
-terminus of Hho1 impairs its ability. In addition, Hmo1, but not Hho1, forms condensates with double-stranded DNA via reversible phase separation. The phosphorylation fluctuation of Hmo1 coincides with metazoan H1 during the cell cycle. Our data suggest that Hmo1, but not Hho1, possesses some functionality similar to that of linker histone in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, even though some properties of Hmo1 differ from those of a canonical linker histone H1. Our study provides clues for the linker histone H1 in budding yeast and provides insights into the evolution and diversity of histone H1 across eukaryotes.

IMPORTANCE

There has been a long-standing debate regarding the identity of linker histone H1 in budding yeast. To address this issue, we utilized YNPE, which accurately replicate the physiological conditions in yeast nuclei, in combination with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and magnetic tweezers. Our findings demonstrated that Hmo1, rather than Hho1, is responsible for chromatin assembly in budding yeast. Additionally, we found that Hmo1 shares certain characteristics with histone H1, including phase separation and phosphorylation fluctuations throughout the cell cycle. Furthermore, we discovered that the lysine-rich domain of Hho1 is buried by its second globular domain at the
C
-terminus, resulting in the loss of function that is similar to histone H1. Our study provides compelling evidence to suggest that Hmo1 shares linker histone H1 function in budding yeast and contributes to our understanding of the evolution of linker histone H1 across eukaryotes.
Seeking Excellence in End of Life Care UK (SEECare UK): a UK multi-centred service evaluation
Authors: Tavabie Simon , Ta Yinting , Stewart Eleanor , Tavabie Oliver , Bowers Sarah , White Nicola , Seton-Jones Cate , Bass Stephen , Taubert Mark , Berglund Anja , Ford-Dunn Suzanne , Cox Sarah , Minton Ollie 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the care of patients dying in hospital without support from specialists in palliative care (SPC), better understand their needs and factors influencing their care.MethodsProspective UK-wide service evaluation including all dying adult inpatients unknown to SPC, excluding those in emergency departments/intensive care units. Holistic needs were assessed through a standardised proforma.Results88 hospitals, 284 patients. 93% had unmet holistic needs, including physical symptoms (75%) and psycho-socio-spiritual needs (86%). People were more likely to have unmet needs and require SPC intervention at a district general hospital (DGH) than a teaching hospital/cancer centre (unmet need 98.1% vs 91.2% p0.02; intervention 70.9% vs 50.8% p0.001) and when end-of-life care plans (EOLCP) were not used (unmet need 98.3% vs 90.3% p0.006; intervention 67.2% vs 53.3% p0.02). Multivariable analyses demonstrated the independent influence of teaching/cancer hospitals (adjusted OR (aOR)0.44 CI 0.26 to 0.73) and increased SPC medical staffing (aOR1.69 CI 1.04 to 2.79) on need for intervention, however, integrating the use of EOLCP reduced the impact of SPC medical staffing.ConclusionPeople dying in hospitals have significant and poorly identified unmet needs. Further evaluation is required to understand the relationships between patient, staff and service factors influencing this. The development, effective implementation and evaluation of structured individualised EOLCP should be a research funding priority.