bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workshop in Simulation Debriefing for Educators in Medicine: Creation, implementation, and evaluation of a debriefing curriculum for novice simulation educators
Authors: Chen Tina H. , Bentley Suzanne K. , Nadir Nur‐Ain , Beattie Lars K. , Lei Charles , Hock Sara M. , Munzer Brendan W. , Moadel Tiffany , Paetow Glenn , Young Amanda , Stapleton Stephanie N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesDebriefing is an integral component of simulation education, and effective debriefing education is required to maintain effective simulation programs. However, many educators report financial and logistical barriers to accessing formal debriefing training. Due to limited educator development opportunities, simulation program leaders are often compelled to utilize educators with insufficient debriefing training, which can limit the impact of simulation‐based education. To address these concerns, the SAEM Simulation Academy Debriefing Workgroup authored the Workshop in Simulation Debriefing for Educators in Medicine (WiSDEM), a freely available, concise, and ready‐to‐deploy debriefing curriculum with a target audience of novice educators without formal debriefing training. In this study, we describe the development, initial implementation, and evaluation of the WiSDEM curriculum.MethodsThe Debriefing Workgroup iteratively developed the WiSDEM curriculum by expert consensus. The targeted level of content expertise was introductory. The curriculum's educational impact was assessed by surveying participants on their impressions of the curriculum and their confidence and self‐efficacy in mastery of the material. Additionally, facilitators of the WiSDEM curriculum were surveyed on its content, usefulness, and future applicability.ResultsThe WiSDEM curriculum was deployed during the SAEM 2022 Annual Meeting as a didactic presentation. Thirty‐nine of 44 participants completed the participant survey, and four of four facilitators completed the facilitator survey. Participant and facilitator feedback on the curriculum content was positive. Additionally, participants agreed that the WiSDEM curriculum improved their confidence and self‐efficacy in future debriefing. All surveyed facilitators agreed that they would recommend the curriculum to others.ConclusionsThe WiSDEM curriculum was effective at introducing basic debriefing principles to novice educators without formal debriefing training. Facilitators felt that the educational materials would be useful for providing debriefing training at other institutions. Consensus‐driven, ready‐to‐deploy debriefing training materials such as the WiSDEM curriculum can address common barriers to developing basic debriefing proficiency in educators.
Strategies for recruiting underrepresented in medicine and sexual and gender minority students to emergency medicine
Authors: Wilson Lauren T. , Weigel Benjamin , Ordonez Edgardo , Sekhon Navdeep , Adesina Adedoyin , Turner Anisha , Tichter Aleksandr M. , Bezek Sarah , Thomas Ynhi T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite having well‐described benefits, diversifying the physician workforce has been an ongoing challenge. Within emergency medicine (EM), multiple professional organizations have identified expanding diversity and inclusion as top priorities. The following is a description of an interactive session held at the SAEM annual meeting addressing recruitment strategies for underrepresented in medicine (URiM) and sexual and gender minority (SGM) students into EM.MethodsDuring the session, the authors provided an overview of the current state of diversity in EM. In the small‐group portion of the session, a facilitator helped characterize the challenges programs face in recruiting URiM and SGM students. These challenges were described during three distinct phases of the recruitment process: (1) preinterview, (2) interview day, and (3) postinterview.ResultsOur facilitated small‐group session allowed for discussing the challenges faced by various programs in recruiting a diverse group of trainees. Common challenges in the preinterview and interview day included messaging and visibility as well as funding and support. Postinterview challenges included communication and the ranking process. Through this exercise, we were able to collaboratively share ideas on tangible solutions that programs may use to overcome their specific challenges.ConclusionsGiven the importance of intentionality in diversifying the physician workforce, the authors describe successful strategies implemented within one residency program and those shared by session participants to overcome recruitment challenges.
Closing the gender pay gap in emergency medicine: Paradigms to consider for leaders, faculty, and trainees
Authors: Elia Tala , Temin Elizabeth , Chekijian Sharon , Raukar Neha , Gottlieb Amy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe gender pay gap among physicians is a well documented and persistent problem and has a profound impact on earnings over a career lifetime. This paper describes examples of concrete initiatives three institutions took to identify and address gender pay gaps. Salary audits at two academic emergency departments highlight the importance of not only ensuring equity in salary among physicians of the same rank but also monitoring whether women are achieving equal representation at higher academic ranks and leadership, elements that typically contribute to compensation. These audits reveal how senior rank and formal leadership roles are significantly associated with salary disparities. A third school of medicine–wide initiative entailed conducting comprehensive salary audits followed by review and adjustment of faculty compensation to achieve pay equity. Graduating residents and fellows seeking first jobs out of training and faculty looking to be compensated equitably would benefit from understanding the elements that drive their compensation and advocating for frameworks that are understandable and transparent.
Killing the sacred dairy cow? Consumer preferences for plant‐based milk alternatives
Authors: Slade Peter , Markevych Mila 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe examine the relationship between demand for plant‐based milk alternatives and dairy milk using data from a survey and a discrete choice experiment completed by 902 Canadians. Our survey results show that most individuals who drink milk alternatives also consume dairy milk, and preferences for milk alternatives vary across consumption contexts. Using our experimental data, we estimate consumer preferences via a mixed logit model. These preferences are then used to calculate a set of price elasticities and to predict market shares for dairy milk in counterfactual simulations that exclude select milk alternatives. Although the elasticity of dairy milk with respect to the price of milk alternatives is relatively low, we predict that between 57% and 83% of respondents who purchase milk alternatives would have purchased dairy milk if milk alternatives were not available, depending on the counterfactual. We also show that preferences for milk alternatives are linked to age and food values. Finally, we use our experiment to test the impact of additional information about the impact of dairy milk on animal welfare, the environment, and nutrition on preferences for milk alternatives. The treatment effects are generally statistically insignificant. [EconLit Citations: L66, Q18, D12]
Impact of a novel prognostic model on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcomes in patients withCMML
Authors: Zhou Jian‐Ying , Wang Song , Yuan Hai‐Long , Xu Ya‐Jing , Huang Xiao‐Bing , Gao Su‐Jun , Zhang Yi‐Cheng , Zhou Fang , Liu Yue , Song Xian‐Min , Cai Yu , Liu Xiao‐Liang , Luo Yi , Yang Lu‐Xin , Yang Jian‐Min , Wang Li‐Bing , Li Yu‐Hua , Huang Rui , Wang Shun‐Qing , Zhou Ming , Dong Yu‐Jun , Wang Qian , Zhang Xi , Feng Yi‐Mei , Du Xin , Ling Wei , Zhu Han , Zhu Zun‐Min , Chen Xiang‐Li , Wang Shi‐Yu , Meng Fan‐Kai , Bi Ke‐Hong , Huang Ning , Jiang Ming , Niu Ting , Ji Jie , Wan Ding‐Ming , Bian Zhi‐Lei , Chen Yi , Liu Li , Yan Xue‐Qian , Yang Xi , Yi Hai , Wei Xu‐Dong , Li Xin , Cheng Qian , Yuan Cheng‐Lu , Wang Wen , Zhou Yu‐Hong , Ye Bao‐Dong , Ding Jing , Wu Ye‐Jun , Huang Qiu‐Sha , Zhu Xiao‐Lu , Chen Yu‐Hong , He Yun , Wang Feng‐Rong , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Mo Xiao‐Dong , Han Wei , Wang Jing‐Zhi , Wang Yu , Chen Huan , Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Chang Ying‐Jun , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancy, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is the only curable treatment. The outcomes after transplant are influenced by both disease characteristics and patient comorbidities. To develop a novel prognostic model to predict the post‐transplant survival of CMML patients, we identified risk factors by applying univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to a derivation cohort. In multivariable analysis, advanced age (hazard ratio [HR] 3.583), leukocyte count (HR 3.499), anemia (HR 3.439), bone marrow blast cell count (HR 2.095), and no chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD; HR 4.799) were independently associated with worse survival. A novel prognostic model termed ABLAG (Age, Blast, Leukocyte, Anemia, cGVHD) was developed and the points were assigned according to the regression equation. The patients were categorized into low risk (0–1), intermediate risk (2, 3), and high risk (4–6) three groups and the 3‐year overall survival (OS) were 93.3% (95%CI, 61%–99%), 78.9% (95%CI, 60%–90%), and 51.6% (95%CI, 32%–68%;p < .001), respectively. In internal and external validation cohort, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the ABLAG model were 0.829 (95% CI, 0.776–0.902) and 0.749 (95% CI, 0.684–0.854). Compared with existing models designed for the nontransplant setting, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis showed that the ABLAG model revealed a high consistency between predicted and observed outcomes and patients could benefit from this model. In conclusion, combining disease and patient characteristic, the ABLAG model provides better survival stratification for CMML patients receiving allo‐HSCT.
Homozygous 22q11.2 distal type II microdeletion is associated with syndromic neurodevelopmental delay
Authors: Salah Somaya , Jaber Hiba , Frumkin Ayala , Harel Tamar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenomic disorders result from heterozygous copy number variants (CNVs). Homozygous deletions spanning numerous genes are rare, despite the potential contribution of consanguinity to such instances. CNVs in the 22q11.2 region are mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between pairs of low copy repeats (LCRs), from amongst eight LCRs designated A‐H. Heterozygous distal type II deletions (LCR‐E to LCR‐F) have incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, and can lead to neurodevelopmental issues, minor craniofacial anomalies, and congenital abnormalities. We report siblings with global developmental delay, hypotonia, minor craniofacial anomalies, ocular abnormalities, and minor skeletal issues, in whom chromosomal microarray identified a homozygous distal type II deletion. The deletion was brought to homozygosity as a result of a consanguineous marriage between two heterozygous carriers of the deletion. The phenotype of the children was strikingly more severe and complex than that of the parents. This report suggests that the distal type II deletion harbors a dosage‐sensitive gene or regulatory element, which leads to a more severe phenotype when deleted on both chromosomes.
Developmental and environmental modulation of fecal thyroid hormone levels in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis)
Authors: Behringer Verena , Heistermann Michael , Malaivijitnond Suchinda , Schülke Oliver , Ostner Julia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThyroid hormones are key modulators of development, as well as mediators of environmental conditions, by regulating developmental processes and metabolism in primates. Hormone measurement in noninvasively collected samples, that is, feces and urine, is a valuable tool for studying the endocrine function of wildlife, and recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring thyroid hormones in fecal samples of zoo‐housed and wild nonhuman primates. Our study aimed to (i) validate the measurement of immunoreactive fecal total triiodothyronine (IF‐T3) in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) and (ii) to investigate its developmental changes and its response to environmental changes, including stress responses, in immature individuals. Fecal samples and environmental parameters were collected from individuals of three social groups of wild Assamese macaques living at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Northeastern Thailand. Our study confirmed the methodological feasibility and biological validity of measuring IF‐T3 in this population. Specifically, the biological validation demonstrated higher IF‐T3 levels in immatures compared to adults, and higher levels in females during late gestation compared to the preconception stage. Our analysis of IF‐T3 levels in developing immature macaques revealed a significant increase with age. Furthermore, we found a positive association between IF‐T3 and immunoreactive fecal glucocorticoid levels, an indicator of the physiological stress response. Neither minimum temperature nor fruit abundance predicted variation in IF‐T3 levels in the immatures. Our findings indicate the possibility for differing effects of climatic factors and food availability on thyroid hormone level changes in immature versus adult animals and in wild compared to experimental conditions. Overall, our study provides the basis for further investigations into the role of thyroid hormones in shaping species‐specific traits, growth, and overall primate development.
Corporal punishment: Why the intentional use of violence against children is still acceptable
Authors: Savage Linda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Australia assaulting another person is a criminal offence. It occurs when one person strikes another person, applying force of any kind either directly or indirectly, without the person's consent. There is an exception. Children are specifically denied legal protection from intentional assaults when it is rebranded as corporal punishment. Successive governments have failed to act to provide children with the same protection from assault as adults despite repeated calls by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child to prohibit corporal punishment in all settings, and the robust body of evidence of the substantial harm it causes (Gershoff & Grogan‐Kaylor, 2016). This glaring inconsistency in the law, should cause us to question how far we have evolved in our attitudes and treatment of children. In particular just how deeply ingrained are attitudes and prejudices about children that rationalise or justify acts and omissions that harm them, and fail to protect their rights (Childism: Confronting Prejudice Against Children, Yale University Press, 2013). This paper will examine past and contemporary attitudes to children and the narrative that helps explains why policy makers and the community tolerate the use of physical force against children, and why a new narrative is needed.
Endoscopic endonasal recanalization of the obliterated eustachian tube via ureteral stent
Authors: Pool Christopher , Liu George , Yoo Frederick , Garg Rohit , Keschner David 
Published: June 2023

Key points
Eustachian tube recanalization is a feasible procedure but additional studies are needed to determine its safety.
Eustachian tube closure can result from different etiologies and can cause severe symptoms.
Ureteral stents have appropriate shape and pliability for placement and long‐term healing.
Multidisciplinary team approach allows for simultaneous endonasal and otologic approaches.
Titanium Salalen Catalyzed Enantioselective Benzylic Hydroxylation
Authors: Wartmann Christina , Nandi Shiny , Neudörfl Jörg‐Martin , Berkessel Albrecht 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe titanium complex of the cis‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (cis‐DACH) derived Berkessel‐salalen ligand is a highly efficient and enantioselective catalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of terminal olefins with hydrogen peroxide (“Berkessel‐Katsuki catalyst”). We herein report that this epoxidation catalyst also effects the highly enantioselective hydroxylation of benzylic C−H bonds with hydrogen peroxide. Mechanism‐based ligand optimization identified a novel nitro‐salalen Ti‐catalyst of the highest efficiency ever reported for asymmetric catalytic benzylic hydroxylation, with enantioselectivities of up to 98 % ee, while overoxidation to ketone is marginal. The novel nitro‐salalen Ti‐catalyst also shows enhanced epoxidation efficiency, as evidenced by e.g. the conversion of 1‐decene to its epoxide in 90 % yield with 94 % ee, at a catalyst loading of 0.1 mol‐% only.
Twisted Diindeno‐Fused Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene Derivatives and their Dianions
Authors: Gu Yanwei , Torchon Herdya S. , Zhu Yikun , Wei Zheng , Schollmeyer Dieter , Wagner Manfred , Ni Yong , Wu Zehua , Wu Hao , Zhou Yazhou , Qiu Zijie , Petrukhina Marina A. , Müllen Klaus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report a facile synthesis of diindeno‐fused dibenzo[a,h]anthracene derivatives (DIDBA‐2Cl, DIDBA‐2Ph, and DIDBA‐2H) with different degrees of non‐planarity using three substituents (chloro, phenyl, and hydrogen) of various sizes. The planarization of their cores, as evidenced by the decreased end‐to‐end torsional angles, was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Their enhanced energy gaps with twisting were investigated by a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods with density functional theory, which showed a transition from singlet open‐shell to closed‐shell configuration. Moreover, their doubly reduced states, DIDBA‐2Ph2− and DIDBA‐2H2−, were achieved by chemical reduction. The structures of dianions were identified by X‐ray crystallographic analysis, which elucidated that the electron charging further distorted the backbones. The electronic structure of the dianions was demonstrated by experimental and theoretical approaches, suggesting decreased energy gaps with larger non‐planarity, different from the neutral species.
Beyond Reduction Cocatalysts: Critical Role of Metal Cocatalysts in Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methane with Water**
Authors: Saito Hikaru , Sato Hiromasa , Higashi Taisuke , Sugimoto Toshiki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnvironmentally sustainable and selective conversion of methane to valuable chemicals under ambient conditions is pivotal for the development of next‐generation photocatalytic technology. However, due to the lack of microscopic knowledge about non‐thermal methane conversion, controlling and modulating photocatalytic oxidation processes driven by photogenerated holes remain a challenge. Here, we report novel function of metal cocatalysts to accept photogenerated holes and dominate selectivity of methane oxidation, which is clearly beyond the conventional concept in photocatalysis that the metal cocatalysts loaded on the surfaces of semiconductor photocatalysts mostly capture photogenerated electrons and dominate reduction reactions exclusively. The novel photocatalytic role of metal cocatalysts was verified by operando molecular spectroscopy combined with real‐time mass spectrometry for metal‐loaded Ga2O3 model photocatalysts under methane and water vapor at ambient temperature and pressure. Our concept of metal cocatalysts that work as active sites for both photocatalytic oxidation and reduction provides a new understanding of photocatalysis and a solid basis for controlling non‐thermal redox reactions by metal‐cocatalyst engineering.
Guidelines in Practice: Prevention of Perioperative Pressure Injury
Authors: Speth Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTImmobility and lack of sensation during perioperative procedures increase the risk of patients developing pressure injuries (PIs). Such injuries can cause pain and result in serious infections, thereby leading to increased health care costs. The recently developed AORN “Guideline for prevention of perioperative pressure injury” provides perioperative nurses and leaders with applicable recommendations for preventing these injuries. In addition to a brief overview of a health care facility's interdisciplinary perioperative PI prevention program, this article discusses a variety of concepts related to PI prevention, including prophylactic materials, intraoperative considerations, hand‐over communication, pediatric patient concerns, policies and procedures, quality management, and education. It also provides a pediatric patient–specific scenario that illustrates the implementation of the described recommendations. Perioperative nurses and leaders should review the guideline in its entirety and apply the recommendations to prevent PIs as appropriate for their facility and patient population.
Dual network interpenetrating degradable waterborne polyurethanes with hydrogen bonded cross‐linked modified β‐cyclodextrin hydrophobic cavities
Authors: Fan Yuhui , Song Xin , Liu Li , Zhou Chao , Wu Guangfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study gives an investigation on the properties of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composites with cross‐linked network structure and hydrogen bonding system. The polyurethane films modified with β‐CD/PEG exhibit superior thermal stability and biodegradability, it is capable to be applied to bio‐degradable plastic coatings. To improve the distribution of β‐CD in WPU, the β‐CD was modified by three different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol hydrophile (PEG). Since the chain segments and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups of PEG interact with the hydrophobic cavities and edges of β‐CD to form new complexes, thus enhancing the flexibility and structural integrity of WPU chains and conferring better biological properties. The analysis focuses on the changes of thermal stability and biodegradability after modification. The results indicated that the temperature of maximum thermal weight loss rate (Tmax) of β‐CD/PEG/WPU composites reached 394.1°C and the soft segment glass transition temperature (Tg) was −42.4°C after the introduction of β‐CD/PEG. Both are significantly improved compared to WPU, with degradation rates of 31.2% in lipase PBS solution and 14.8% in soil, and can therefore be better applied to current medical devices and biodegradable coatings, as well as other bio‐environmental areas.
Bisphenol‐A free bio‐based gallic acid amide epoxy thermosets
Authors: Dutta Kalyan , Karak Niranjan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBisphenol‐A (BPA)‐based epoxy thermoset has been used commercially due to its many impressive properties. However, it has toxic effects on human health, and it is obtained from petrochemicals so environmentally friendly bio‐based alternatives to substitute BPA for the synthesis of epoxy resins are essential. In this context, a gallic acid amide was synthesized from renewable gallic acid, and diethanol amine. The epoxy resin of the synthesized amide was obtained by the condensation reaction with epichlorohydrin in an alkaline medium. The synthesized epoxy resin was cured with a combination of two hardeners, aliphatic bio‐based poly(amido amine) and aromatic 2‐aminophenyldisulfide at varying weight percentages. The chemical structure of the synthesized epoxy resin was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopic analyses. The synthesized epoxy thermosets showed a maximum tensile strength of 20.04 MPa along with elongation at break of 62.63%, high impact resistance (>19.3 kJ/m2), high scratch hardness (up to 8.5 kg), and high adhesive strength for metal–metal substrates. Moreover, the thermo‐gravimetric analysis showed good thermostability with an initial degradation temperature of 224°C, while the microbial broth culture test confirmed the biodegradability of the thermosets. Thus, this bio‐based epoxy thermoset could find different potential applications including as a binder for eco‐friendly coatings and paints.