bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media Covid misinformation due to confounding
Authors: Brenneman Matthew T. , Pierce Rebecca L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe discuss a case study on how misinformation regarding Covid‐19 health outcomes can arise due to confounding. Data from the UK on mortality rates suggest that people who have some level of vaccination and contract the Delta variant of Covid are twice as likely to die than those who are unvaccinated. Age, however, a confounding variable, when accounted for, produces a more complicated picture. The mortality rates for the vaccinated are statistically lower than the unvaccinated for the older but not younger age group. We present several approaches for teaching confounding to help students better understand this underemphasized concept's cause, effects, and origins.
Publication rate and evidence‐based evaluation of abstracts presented at the annual European College of Veterinary Surgeons scientific meeting
Authors: Yi Joanne , Kettleman William S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at 10 European College of Veterinary Surgeons conferences from 2006 to 2015, report the key publication milestones, and determine variables associated with full manuscript publication.Study designLiterature review.Sample populationOne thousand thirty‐eight abstracts.MethodsAll conference abstracts (n = 1038) from the 2006 to 2015 annual ECVS scientific meetings were reviewed, and final publication was determined through a comprehensive bibliographic search. Categories for the level of evidence (LoE), subject, discipline, and institution affiliation were assigned for each abstract. Dates of manuscript submission, acceptance, and publication were recorded.ResultsThe overall publication rate for ECVS abstracts from 2006 to 2015 was 32%. Abstracts with levels 4 (60%) and 5 (23%) evidence were presented the most at ECVS conferences and had the highest publication rates at 38% and 36%, respectively. Key publication milestones showed that most abstracts (83%) received publication within the first 36 months with most LoE 2 abstracts (91%) being published within 24 months of presentation. Most published abstracts were affiliated with academic institutions (85%), on dog (29%) and horse (27%) subjects, focused on orthopedic (35%) and soft tissue disciplines (27%), and published in Veterinary Surgery (32%).ConclusionThe ECVS abstract publication rate was lower, and timeline was longer to publish than other veterinary surgical conferences. Publication occurred most frequently in academic institutions, in select journals, and was limited to orthopedic, soft‐tissue, dog, and horse studies.Clinical significanceResults from this study may help improve the publication fate of abstracts in veterinary surgery. Additionally, caution is warranted when using information from abstracts that have yet to be published to help guide clinical decisions.
Inflammation o'clock: interactions of circadian rhythms with inflammation‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy
Authors: Morena da Silva Francielly , Esser Karyn A. , Murach Kevin A. , Greene Nicholas P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCircadian rhythms are ∼24 h cycles evident in behaviour, physiology and metabolism. The molecular mechanism directing circadian rhythms is the circadian clock, which is composed of an interactive network of transcription–translation feedback loops. The core clock genes include Bmal1, Clock, Rev‐erbα/β, Per and Cry. In addition to keeping time, the core clock regulates a daily programme of gene expression that is important for overall cell homeostasis. The circadian clock mechanism is present in all cells, including skeletal muscle fibres, and disruption of the muscle clock is associated with changes in muscle phenotype and function. Skeletal muscle atrophy is largely associated with a lower quality of life, frailty and reduced lifespan. Physiological and genetic modification of the core clock mechanism yields immune dysfunction, alters inflammatory factor expression and secretion and is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in multiple conditions, such as ageing and cancer cachexia. Here, we summarize the possible interplay between the circadian clock modulation of immune cells, systemic inflammatory status and skeletal muscle atrophy in chronic inflammatory conditions. Although there is a clear disruption of circadian clocks in various models of atrophy, the mechanism behind such alterations remains unknown. Understanding the modulatory potential of muscle and immune circadian clocks in inflammation and skeletal muscle health is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to protect skeletal muscle mass and function of patients with chronic inflammation.
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Trajectory Planning Software for Deep Brain Stimulation Driven by Patient-Specific Data
Authors: Marusich Kathryn R. , Harel Noam , Johnson Matthew D. , Rothweiler Paul , Erdman Arthur G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment for several neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and epilepsy. The neurosurgical procedure involves implanting a lead of electrodes to a deep brain target and thereafter electrically stimulating that target to suppress symptoms. To reduce the probability of intracranial bleeding during implantation, neurosurgeons carefully plan out a patient-specific lead trajectory that avoids passing the lead through regions with major blood vessels. This process can be tedious, and there is a need to provide neurosurgeons with a more efficient and quantitative means to identify major blood vessels on a patient-specific basis. Here, we developed a modular graphical user interface (GUI) containing anatomically segmented digital reconstructions of patient vasculature, cortex, and deep brain target anatomy from preoperative high-field (3T and 7T) MRI. The system prompts users to identify the deep brain target, and then algorithmically calculates a log-scale blood vessel density along the length of potential lead trajectories that pivot around the deep brain target. Heatmaps highlighting regions with low blood vessel density were calculated for cortical and subcortical vasculature models. The modeling framework enabled users to further interact with the models by panning, rotating, zooming, showing, or hiding the various anatomical reconstructions and heatmaps. Providing surgeons with quantitative, patient specific vasculature data has the potential to further reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage events during microelectrode mapping and DBS lead implantation.
Survey Analysis of Potential Nuclear Safety Research of Thailand for International Research Collaborative Reinforcement in the 2020s
Authors: Vechgama Wasin , Silva Kampanart 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To achieve the long-term challenge of nuclear energy public acceptance in Thailand, nuclear safety research needed to be properly determined in both domestic and international directions, especially in the 2020s which was a period passing the Fukushima disaster over 10 years. Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) has studied nuclear safety research after the Fukushima accident to answer technical and social issues of nuclear power. An update of nuclear safety research from domestic experts and international surveys was needed in order to identify potential collaborative research to serve the goal of public acceptance reinforcement. The objective of this study was to survey, assess and rank the importance and knowledge level of nuclear safety research in Thailand among domestic experts in various fields. The survey was extended to collect the opinion of international participants of the ASEAN Network on Nuclear Power Safety Research (ASEAN NPSR) to analyze the similarity of the nuclear research interest for reinforcing the future collaborative project. As a result, the importance and knowledge level showed diverse important research topics with the priority of research scopes on human factor novel reactor technologies, and risk assessment. According to the ASEAN NPSR survey, the nuclear safety research of severe accidents, risk assessment, and novel reactor technologies were listed as potential collaborative projects. Also, the domestic and ASEAN NPSR survey results helped support the new collaborative research extension session in the annual ASEAN NPSR meeting to together discuss the potential nuclear safety research between members for the 2020s.
Evaluation of Flaw Detection Algorithm Using Simulated X-Ray Computed Tomography of Ground Truth Data
Authors: Kim Felix H. , Pintar Adam L. , Scott John Henry J. , Garboczi Edward J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A framework to generate simulated X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data of ground truth (denoted here as “GT”) flaws was developed for the evaluation of flaw detection algorithms using image comparison metrics. The flaws mimic some of those found in additively manufactured parts. The simulated flaw structure gave a GT data set with which to quantitatively evaluate, by calculating exact errors, the results of flaw detection algorithms applied to simulated XCT images. The simulated data avoided time-consuming manual voxel labeling steps needed for many physical data sets to generate GT images. The voxelated pore meshes that exactly match GT images were used in this study as opposed to using continuum pore meshes. The voxelated pore mesh approach avoids approximation error that occurs when converting continuum pore meshes to voxelated GT images. Spherical pores of varying sizes were randomly distributed near the surface and interior of a cylindrical part. XCT simulation was carried out on the structure at three different signal-to-noise levels by changing the number of frames integrated for each projection. Two different local thresholding algorithms (a commercial code and the Bernsen method) and a global thresholding algorithm (Otsu) were used to segment images using varying sets of algorithm parameters. The segmentation results were evaluated with various image evaluation metrics, which showed different behaviors for the three algorithms regarding “closeness” to the GT data. An approach to optimize the thresholding parameters was demonstrated for the commercial flaw detection algorithm based on semantic evaluation metrics. A framework to evaluate pore sizing error and binary probability of detection was further demonstrated to compare the optimization results.
State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on IDRSN and BiGRU
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Chen Jiadui , He Ling , Liu Dan , Yang Kai , Liu Qinghua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The estimation of state of charge (SOC) is a critical issue in the energy management of electric vehicle (EV) power batteries. However, the current accuracy of SOC estimation methods does not meet the requirements of practical applications. Therefore, this study proposes an improved lithium-ion battery SOC estimation method that combines deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) to enhance the SOC estimation accuracy. First, we insert the bidirectional gated recurrent unit neural network between the global average pooling layer and the output fully connected layer of the deep residual shrinkage network. This improvement enhances the model’s expressiveness, robustness, and data learning effect. Second, we develop a new activation function called “∂_swish” to replace the original ReLU activation function in the deep residual shrinkage network. The ∂_swish activation function improves the accuracy of the deep network model and reduces the risk of overfitting by utilizing its regularization effect. Finally, we conduct experimental tests at three different temperatures using the FUDS driving cycle dataset and the DST-US06-FUDS continuous driving cycle dataset. The algorithm model’s convergence speed is verified by comparing it with other models. The results show that compared to other models, the proposed method significantly improves SOC estimation accuracy at three different temperatures. In addition, the method demonstrates a high convergence speed.
Geochemical Analysis of Hardness on the Adsorption of Surfactants in Carbonates Under Severe Thermodynamic Conditions: Surface Complexation Modeling Approach
Authors: Khurshid Ilyas , Addad Yacine , Afgan Imran 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Several core-flooding-based experimental studies demonstrated the effect of calcium and magnesium ions and it is found that these hard ions have detrimental effects on oil recovery during chemical-enhanced oil recovery operations. However, studies regarding the coupled effect of hard ions and surfactant adsorption are very limited. Thus, this study aims to present a novel approach that can capture mineral-brine, brine-oil, and brine-surfactant interactions in the presence of hard ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+). Also, we introduced four oil-surfactant-based surface complexation geochemical reactions (SCGR) in the presence of hard ions for the first time to analyze the oil-surfactant interactions. The developed thermodynamic-based geochemical model is compared and validated with recent core-flooding data. Our results illustrate that the use of oil-surfactant SCGR is important and should be captured for detailed surfactant adsorption. Thus, we observed that in the presence of hard ions, surfactant adsorption increases with the increase in temperature, which is due to the surge in kinetic energy. We also observed that a reduction in hardness reduces the adsorption of surfactants. Additionally, increasing surfactant concentration led to a minor increase in the adsorption of surfactant with a significant increase in its concentration in the discharge/effluent. Therefore, the hard ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) concentration has a substantial negative effect, as they reduce the solubility of surfactant and increase its adsorption. Furthermore, the lowest level of surfactant adsorption was accomplished by injecting ten times diluted water (&lt;0.070 mg/g).
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Physical Exercise Program Embedded Into the Daily Lives of Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Barrett Eva , Gillespie Paddy , Newell John , Casey Dympna 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a staff-delivered physical exercise program embedded into the daily lives of older adults living in nursing homes. A randomized controlled pilot feasibility study was carried out, which included quantitative, qualitative, and economic assessments at baseline, 12 weeks, and 12 months. Two nursing homes (one intervention and one control) took part. The exercise program was carried out on 3 days per week for 12 weeks and consisted of a program of Morning Movement (walking and sit-to-stand exercises) and Activity Bursts. The results confirm that the intervention and study processes are largely acceptable and feasible to implement in the nursing home setting. Potential short-term improvements in physical mobility and quality of life were noticed as positive mean changes and supported by qualitative assessment. Future randomized controlled trials should consider using the 6-meter walk test and refining nursing home and participant eligibility criteria.
“Fueling the Games”: Energy Drink Consumption, Marketing, and the Associated Perceptions and Behaviors in Video Gaming
Authors: Roscoe Dana , Pu Haozhou , Cuy Castellanos Diana , Dalton Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

Energy drinks represent one of the fastest-growing beverage markets and have become an increasingly popular dietary supplement among teenagers and young adults. Energy drinks are a class of beverages that contain high levels of energy-enhancing ingredients (e.g., caffeine, sugar, carnitine, taurine, and vitamins) that are presumed to provide physical and mental stimulation to users. Despite the growing popularity, there has been increasing scientific evidence warning consumers of the health risks associated with energy drink consumption. Meanwhile, many energy drink brands have deliberately created a symbiotic relationship with video gaming through a variety of marketing strategies. This study attempts to investigate the interrelationships between video gaming and energy drink consumption, including assessing the common motives and perceptions for consuming energy drinks, as well as the impact of energy drink marketing on gaming participants.
Physical Activity and Chronic Stress in Early Life: Findings From the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort
Authors: Leão Otávio Amaral de Andrade , Flores Thaynã Ramos , Mielke Gregore Iven , Crochemore-Silva Inácio , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Murray Joseph , Martins Rafaela Costa , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , de Oliveira Isabel O. , Hallal Pedro Curi 
Published: August 2023

Background: The association of physical activity through early childhood on children’s chronic stress still is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to test the association of physical activity through early childhood (1–4 y) with chronic stress, measured by hair cortisol at age 4. Methods: Longitudinal study including children from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Cortisol at age 4 was measured using a hair sample, which provided cortisol concentration from the past months. Physical activity was measured using accelerometers at 1, 2, and 4 years. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between physical activity and chronic stress. Trajectory models were also applied to examine chronic stress in relation to physical activity patterns throughout early childhood. Results: Children with valid physical activity and hair cortisol data were included in the analyses (N = 1475). Three groups of physical activity trajectories between 1 and 4 years were identified: low, medium, and high. No association between physical activity at 1, 2, and 4 years and chronic stress at age 4 was observed. However, children in the “high” physical activity trajectory presented low cortisol concentration; the magnitude of the regression coefficient was slightly larger in girls (β = −0.125; 95% confidence interval, −0.326 to 0.074) than boys (β = −0.051; 95% confidence interval, −0.196 to 0.09). Conclusion: There was no clear association between physical activity and chronic stress in early childhood. Trajectories models suggest that higher activity throughout early childhood may positively impact chronic stress; however, more studies are needed to confirm that hypothesis.
Dynistor Switch of Powerful Nanosecond Pulses
Authors: Korotkov S. V. , Aristov Yu. V. , Kozlov K. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A powerful switch based on a block of shock-ionized dynistors is described, which has an operating voltage of 16 kV and is capable of switching nanosecond current pulses with an amplitude of ~3 kA at a frequency of 300 Hz. The results of computer simulation of the process of its switching are given, and the prospects for increasing the switched power are determined.
Comparative Study of Switches of Powerful Nanosecond Pulses Based on Blocks of Series-Connected Shock-Ionized Dynistors
Authors: Korotkov S. V. , Aristov Yu. V. , Zhmodikov A. L. , Korotkov D. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Two types of switches for high-power current pulses with an operating voltage of 24 kV based on blocks of series-connected shock-ionized dynistors are described. The switching processes of these switches are considered, and the results of their comparative study are presented. The possibility of efficient switching of nanosecond current pulses with an amplitude of 6 kA and a rise rate of 150 A/ns is shown. The prospects for increasing the switched power are determined.
The Formation and Stationary Maintenance of Peaked Pressure Profiles in Turbulent Tokamak Plasmas
Authors: Pastukhov V. P. , Smirnov D. V. , Chudin N. V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The theoretical model for increasing peaking of radial distribution of plasma thermal energy and plasma energy confinement time improvement due to the formation of current profiles those provide the increased value of the safety factor $${{q}_{b}}$$ at the outer plasma boundary is considered. The model for the formation and stationary maintenance of the peaked current density profiles those ensure the maintenance of plasma column equilibrium state with increased $${{q}_{b}}$$ value and conservation of $${{q}_{0}} \approx 1$$ at the magnetic axis is developed. The model is based on the significant ramp down of the $${{I}_{{{\text{ind}}}}}$$ current maintained by the inductor with simultaneous central ECR heating and electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) switching on. It is shown by the computer simulations of the self-consistent time evolution of turbulent plasma for the conditions of T-10 and T-15MD tokamaks that in the shot scenarios with three- or four-fold decrease in the $${{I}_{{{\text{ind}}}}}$$ current at the ECRH stage of shots it was achieved an approximately two-fold enhancement of the electron and ion temperatures at the axis of the plasma column as compared to the standard shots with the same heating powers.
Vascular pathology in patients with alveolar echinococcosis: framework for assessment and clinical management – a retrospective case series
Authors: Gieser Paula , Merle Uta , Junghanss Thomas , Weber Tim F , Stojković Marija 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a parasitic liver disease with infiltrative growth similar to solid organ malignancies. Major vascular damage is frequent and often remains untreated until catastrophic events precipitate. Detailed clinical and radiological assessment is required to guide individualised treatment decisions. Standardised radiological reporting templates of malignancies with profiles resembling AE are candidates for adaptation. Our objectives are to describe vascular pathology in AE and establish a framework for structured evaluation as the basis for treatment decisions and monitoring.DesignRetrospective case series.Results69 patients (37.1%) had vascular involvement: portal vein (PV) 24.7%, hepatic vein (HV) 22.6% inferior vena cava (IVC) 13.4%. Significant stenosis/occlusion of vessels was present in 15.1% of PV, in 13.4% of HV and in 7.5% of IVC involvement. Vascular pathology needing specific treatment or monitoring was present in 8.6% of patients. The most frequent clinical presentation was high grade IVC stenosis or occlusion which was seen in 11 patients of the cohort.ConclusionAdvanced AE requires early multidisciplinary assessment to prevent progressive impairment of liver function due to vascular damage. The focus at first presentation is on complete evaluation of vascular (and biliary) involvement. The focus in non-resectable AE is on prevention of vascular (and biliary) complications while suppressing growth of AE lesions by benzimidazole treatment to improve the quality of life of patients. We developed a framework for standardised vascular assessment and follow-up of patients with AE to recognise and treat complications early.