bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for chronic periodontitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Emelyanov D. V. , Emelyanova N.Y. 
Published: December 2022

Periodontal diseases are constantly influenced by various exogenous factors, among which certain eating habits attract attention. But, despite the presence of exogenous factors, the initiation of the inflammatory process in the periodontium does not occur, thanks to the balance between them and the local immune system. The appearance of an endogenous factor, in the form of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, disorders the balance and contributes to the initiation of inflammation with the development of chronic periodontitis.
Objective — to study of the influence of provoking factors on the periodontium against the background of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Materials and methods. Two groups were formed: main group (patients with NAFLD) and control one (somatically healthy individuals). Dental status was studied. The sensitivity of the taste receptors of the tongue to glucose (threshold gustometry) was determined using 6 dilutions of glucose with different concentrations. The quantitative composition of Porphyromonas gingivalis was studied by the method of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time (qRT‑PCR), and the concentration of gingipain K in the oral fluid was determined by the immune‑enzymatic method.
Results. Patients of the main group were overweight (body mass index was 32.200 [31.34; 37.45]), confirmed insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR index was 5.05 [3.75; 7.93]). Almost 90 % of patients in the main group and about 30 % of persons in the control one abused sweets, but chronic periodontitis was diagnosed only in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Conclusions. Despite the similar character of the nutrition of individuals of both groups, the development of chronic periodontitis is observed in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, which indicates its significant influence on the condition of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity. Correction of eating habits is an important point in the therapy of chronic inflammation in the body in general and in the periodontium in particular.
Early concepts of nutrition, digestion, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and their treatment: from the Schola Medica Salernitana to Rokitansky and Virchow
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Linevska K. Y. 
Published: December 2022

The Schola Medica Salernitana and «The Salernitan Rule of Health» are monuments of medieval medicine and pharmacy. The Schola Medica Salernitana inherited the traditions of ancient medicine. «The Salernitan Rule of Health» examines the properties of various foods, fruits, and plants and their therapeutic effects. The work was written according to the custom of that time — in verse, because advice given in poetic form is better memorized. Gaspare Aselli (1581 — 1626) was a Milanese anatomist and surgeon. When his work on the lactiferous vessels of the intestine was published (1622), there was considerable controversy about how blood moved away from the heart as well as the mechanism by which fluid was transferred from the digestive tract to other organs. The Iatromathematical School claimed that physiological events should be seen as fixed sequences of physical laws. For example, the stomach was seen as a mechanical mill that turned the food into chyme. The Jesuit abbot Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729 — 1799) was a professor of physics and mathematics at the College of San Carlo in Modena. Throughout his life, he conducted a great deal of unique scientific research. He did important studies on gastric secretion in various animals and concluded that the digestion of food is a chemical process dependent on the digestive power of saliva and the dissolving properties of gastric juice. His definition that digestion is not putrefaction but an active process was a significant advance since his predecessors considered it a passive process. Recognition of the role of pathological anatomy in establishing the cause and nature of diseases was the next big step in the study of the gastrointestinal tract. The first definite information about the correlation between structural and functional disorders was provided by T. Bonet in his work «Sepulchretum» in 1679, later expanded and supplemented by G. Morgagni (1682 — 1771), J. Cruveilhier (1791 — 1873), and K. Rokitansky (1804 — 1878). Detailed descriptions of numerous cases (more than 30.000 from Rokitansky alone) provided information to understand the relationship between symptoms and autopsy data. In the 19th century, R. Virchow took his observations beyond the organ that was sick and came up with a cellular theory of pathological processes.
Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech: When Values Collide in Divided Societies
Authors: Villiers Bertus De 
Published: December 2022

One of the thorniest issues in law, especially concerning the boundaries of what is reasonable and proportionate, is the distinction between freedom of expression and hate speech. Striking a balance between freedom of expression and hate speech is, however, not a mere exercise in theory; it goes to the core of respect of individual rights and freedoms. To one person, uttering speech pursuant to the right to free expression is essential for a free and open democratic society; whereas another person, offended by what they perceive as hatred, can experience such speech as an attack on their identity and self-worth, causing harm, fear and anxiety that deny their individual rights to equality, identity and dignity. This paper gives a brief overview of jurisprudential developments in international law concerning speech that may fall within the category of hate speech, whereafter two prominent South African judgments by the Equality Court are discussed. Those two judgments highlight the complexities in determining when speech can be regarded as hate speech; what test is applied to ascertain whether speech constitutes hate speech; what evidence is required for a finding to be made; and the effect of a declaratory order. The two judgments discussed, the Nelson Mandela Trust and Ors v. AfriForum and Ors (Old Flag case 2019) and the AfriForum and Economic Freedom Fighters and Ors (Kill the Boer Case 2022), attempted to determine the line that separates freedom of expression from hate speech. The judgments, perhaps not unexpectedly, have given rise to more questions than answers. The inconsistency in comparative jurisprudence reaffirms that the labelling of speech as hate speech should be reserved for the most extreme forms of speech; it should be proportionate to the speech, including who expressed it, where and when; and any declaration should only be directed at the specific incident and not restrict speech in general.
School Head’s Conflict Resolution Skills, Organizational School Climate, and Teacher Work Engagement in The New Normal: An Input to Principal and Teacher Development Program
Authors: Gomez Raymond D. , Yazon Alberto D. , Buenvinida Lerma P. , Tan Consorcia S. , Bandoy Marcial M. 
Published: December 2022

This study determined the school head's conflict resolution skills, organizational school climate, and teachers' work engagement among public school principals and teachers in the City Schools Division in Laguna for the school year 2020-2021. One hundred twelve (112) public school principals and one thousand forty-eight (1048) teachers were the respondents of the study. The researchers utilized a descriptive correlation study design. It made use of adopted and modified questionnaires to assess and measure the variables studied. The statistical tools used to analyze the data gathered were: Mean, standard deviation, Pearson r, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Findings revealed that conflict resolution skills and organizational school climate were relevant to teachers' work engagement. The results were used to determine the principal and teachers’ development program to be proposed to the School Divisions officials. The teachers' work engagement was related to the school heads' conflict resolution skills and organizational school climate. To ensure a more efficient teachers work engagement, school heads are encouraged to continue cultivating a culture of excellence in the school by exposing the teachers to relevant activities that may sustain the work engagement by means of exhibiting quality performance in teaching and learning. Also, supervisors should strengthen the performance of the teachers by providing the technical assistance needed to further improve their performance. Technical assistance should focus on curriculum delivery and the school's operation and management.
Keywords: Conflict Resolution Skills; Development Program; New Normal; Organizational School Climate; Teacher Work Engagement.
Econometric Modelling of Financial Time Series
Authors: Lupekesa Chipasha Salome Bwalya , Tsoku Johannes Tshepiso , Metsileng Lebotsa Daniel 
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the relationship between assets, capital, liabilities and liquidity in South Africa using the Johansen cointegration analysis and the GARCH model using times data for the period 02/2005 to 06/2018. The results obtained from the study suggests that the time series are integrated of order one, I(1). The findings from the Johansen cointegration test indicated that the variables have a long run cointegrating relationship. Furthermore, the results from the GARCH model revealed that the estimated model has statistically significant coefficients at 5% significance level. Additionally, results revealed that assets have a positive relationship with capital, liabilities and liquidity. This implies that a percentage increase in assets will result to a percentage increase in capital, liabilities and liquidity. The results also revealed that shocks decay quickly in the future and that the conditional variance is explosive. The diagnostic tests revealed that the estimated models show the characteristics of a well specified model. The recommendations for future studies were formulated.
Keywords: ARCH model; Cointegration; Financial time series; GARCH model; VECM; Volatility
فاعلية الألفاظ في توجيهِ المعنى الشعري الطبيعة والزمن عند أبي الشمقمق (ت 200هـ) أنموذجاً
Authors: علي عبد الحسين البديري أ. م. د 
Published: December 2022

لقد تميّزَ أبو الشمقمق (ت200هـ) بأنَّهُ من الشعراء المشهورين في العصر العباسي ، ومن خصال شعرهِ أنَّهُ عمدَ إلى توظيف الألفاظ بشكل بارعٍ في توجيهِ المعنى الشعري لاسيَّما في حقلي ( الطبيعةِ والزمن ) ، إذْ أخذتْ ألفاظ الطبيعة لا سيَّما الطبيعة المتحركة مناحٍ شتى منها : الهجاء ؛ لتصوير الأوضاع الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية التي تمرُ بها البلادَ بصورة عامةٍ والشخصية بصورةٍ خاصةٍ ، وباب الوصف الذي جاء دقيقاً وفاعلاً في التوظيف اللفظي لهذا المعجم المهم والفاعل ، زيادة على غرضي الحكمة والمدح الذي أخذ فيهما مساحة أقل، أمَّا الزمن فقد ظهر عند أبي الشمقمق بوجهين هما : باب التفاؤل وباب التشاؤم ، وقد أجاد الشاعر فيهما أيَّما إجادة لنقل خلجاتهِ الداخلية ومشاعرهِ الجيَّاشة سلباً وإيجاباً .
Assessment of English Language Problems in E-Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rajaa Hamid Salih Lect. 
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to assess English problems in e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the e-learning system, the necessary data were collected through a fixed-factor questionnaire (0.804) and applied to the study sample. As a result of the study, the sample assessment of the effectiveness of assessing English problems in e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic was average from their point of view. The region assessment of e-learning was average, with researchers’ recommending and training courses on barriers to the use of e-learning in English language education in Iraqi schools or universities, teacher's interaction with e-learning, and students' interaction in the use of e-learning. E-learning helps teachers and students remove all barriers to the use of e-learning systems and the need to combine direct and e-learning in future Iraqi universities and schools. This study aims to evaluate English language problems in e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraqi schools in Baghdad. To achieve the aim of this study, it is believed that Iraqi English teachers face various problems in e-learning of English. To test this hypothesis, a 15-point questionnaire was completed and distributed to Iraqi English language teachers at Iraqi schools in Baghdad.
Actualization of Translations of Works by Representatives of Russian Literature xix – xx Centuries in the Territory of the Arab State Based on the Works of M. Gorky, A.P. Chekhov, L. M. Tolstoy, A. A. Blok
Authors: Mohammed Kadhim Hasson Lect. Drr. 
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the actualization of translations of Russian literature representatives in XIX-XX centuries on the territory of the Arab states; special attention is focused on the positive dynamics of the interaction between, on the one hand, the Russian literature , and on the other hand, Arabic literature in the context of the history of cultural, linguistic and other relations between the Russian Federation and several Arab states; based on works of M. Gorky, A. P. Chekhov, L. N. Tolstoy, A. A. Blok, proved special importance of their work on the territory of the Arab states.The importance of translating the works of these writers and others is reflected in the unprecedented demand for foreign literature among Arab writers, readers, and critics alike. This helped to make Arabic literature, like the Russian literature, interesting not only locally, but also internationally, which helped it to integrate into the world literary arena.Interest in Russian literature began in the year of the 1905 revolution and the subsequent political and revolutionary events that followed. The translation of the works of Russian writers began at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. It became a door through which Arabs learned about Russian literature and its writers. It should be noted that the first literary translation into the Arabic language appeared in Saint Petersburg in 1863.
البنية السردية في قصة(أليس في بلاد العجائب) لـلويس كارول ت1898_ دراسة تحليلية
Authors: حوراء منعم سلمان المكصوصي م.م. 
Published: December 2022

ان طبيعة الإنسان يميل لكل ما هو جميل وممتع لنفسه وان الفن والادب بالخصوص هو يعبر عما بداخله لأنه يحاكي طبيعة هذا الانسان ولأنه المتنفس الوحيد لديه ويكون بصور مختلفة منها الكتابة والكلام وغيرهم فمن اهم الفنون التي كانت ولا زالت تحظى باهتمام الطفل هو فن القصة القصيرة فهذا الفن اقرب الى نفس الطفل وذلك بسبب سيطرة القصة على عقله واهتمامه وايضا وجود لشخصيات التي تكون مشابهه اليه وكثيرا ما نلاحظ الطفل يقلدها ويحاكي تلك الشخصيات فهي تنمي من افكاره وتشبع رغباته وميوله ومن هذا يكون فن السرد اما سردا لرواية او سردا لقصة وهنا اتخذت على وجه التحديد السرد في القصة اي السرد القصصي لان هذا الجنس يحمل مشاعر وكوامن النفس الإنسانية التي كثيرا ما قوبلت بالحرمان لذا اتخذت من قصص الاطفال موضوعا للدراسة وقد بيننا هنا علم السرد نشأته ومفهومه بشيء من الإيجاز والبحث كان بصيغة عناوين وليس مباحث وعرفت قصة وكاتبها الذي هو لويس كارول وآليس التي كتب عنها القصة ثم تقنيات السردية الموجودة مع بعض النصوص المختارة من القصة ومن هذه التقنيات السردية المكان والزمان و الاسترجاع والاستباق والمشهد والوقفة.
قضايا المرأة ومشكلاتها الاجتماعية في مناقشات مجلس النواب العراقي 1925-1958
Authors: علي وليد ناصر م.م. 
Published: December 2022

بعد تأسيس الحكومة العراقية وظهور المؤسسات البرلمانية في العراق نال موضوع قضايا المرأة ومشكلاتها الاجتماعية اهتماماً كبيراً وواسع في مناقشات مجلس النواب, إذ نجد ان معظم النواب لم يتركوا اي فرصة الا واستغلوها ليؤكدوا ان المرأة هي نصف المجتمع ,وان الاهتمام بها والحفاظ عليها يعني الحفاظ على المجتمع وتطوره؛ لذلك فقد استعرضوا كل شاردة وواردة في هذا الموضوع ,واتسمت مناقشات اعضاء مجلس النواب بالجرأة والصراحة في اغلب احاديثهم التي دارت حول موضوع الدراسة ,وتمكنوا من تقديم مقتراحات مهمة تسهم في رقي المرأة بشتى الميادين .
Response of Sowing Dates, Crop Establishment Methods and Mulching on Growth, Productivity and Profitability of Spring Wheat at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Aryal Amrit , Anil Balchhaudi  , Khadka Rabin , Kumar Sah Shrawan , Marahatta Santosh , Parajuli Tulsi 
Published: December 2022

Intensive tillage with no crop residue after rice harvest in conventional wheat cultivation increases the turn around time, delays sowing and affects the yield. A field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of sowing dates, establishment methods and mulching and their interaction on growth, productivity and profitability of spring wheat at agronomy farm of AFU, Rampur Chitwan, Nepal from November 2020 to April 2021. The experiment was laid out in strip-split plot design, with three dates of sowing (20th November, 5th December and 20th December) in vertical plots, two establishment methods (Zero tillage and Conventional tillage) in horizontal plots and two levels of mulching (0 t ha-1 and 5 t ha-1 of rice straw mulch) in sub-plots and replicated thrice with Vijay as test variety. Data regarding the phenology, growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were recorded, analyzed and presented. The research results revealed that date of sowing and mulching significantly influenced phenology, growth, yield attributes, yield and their interactions. The higher grain yield was obtained in 5th December as well as 20th November sowing in conventional tillage with mulch (4511.49 & 4492.12 kg ha-1 respectively). These grain yields were statistically at par with 5th December and 20th November sowing in zero tillage with mulch (4363.74 & 4129.97 kg ha-1 respectively). Net return and B:C ratio were significantly higher on 5th December and 20th November sowing with mulch in zero tillage than 20th December sowing in conventional tillage without mulch.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 10(4): 237-244.
Comparative study of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Histopathological diagnosis of salivary gland swelling
Authors: J BALAPRASANTH , P B Vinod 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of salivary gland swelling helps differentiate benign and malignant lesions, thereby allowing clinicians to plan proper management. Ultrasound-guided FNAC is more accurate than other methods of FNAC. It is simple and safe and lacks significant complications. It is also inexpensive and can be repeated if needed.
Methods: This study is a prospective study of 80 patients subjected to FNAC followed by surgery and histopathological examination, from September 2017 to July 2019. Histopathology reports were compared with the preoperative FNAC reports. In all 80 cases, informed consent was obtained prior to surgery.
Results: True-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative rates for carcinomatous lesions of salivary gland swelling were assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 81.82%, 97.10%, 81.82%, 97.10%, and 95%, respectively for FNAC when compared against histopathology.
Conclusion: FNAC is a sensitive, specific, and accurate diagnostic test used for the preoperative evaluation of patients with salivary gland swelling. FNAC is very commonly used as an initial routine investigation.
Effects of Microfinance Services on Economic Status Improvement: A Case of SKBBL, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Bharat Ram , Timlasina Arjun , Thapa Bandana , Tiwari Devi Raman Tiwari 
Published: December 2022

Background: Microfinance is an effective tool for financial inclusion and poverty reduction in developing countries like Nepal. It delivers financial and non-financial services to unbanked people from formal financial services. Microfinance services support people from weaker sections of society with a view of socio-economic transformation. Low access to finance is a problem for poor and marginalized people. Microfinance institutions provide microcredit to unbanked people without physical collateral. Thus they help people from lower-income groups improve their livelihood through productive investment.
Objectives: This paper aims to examine the effects of microfinance services on the economic status of clients' status with references to Sana Kisan Bikas Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha Limited (SKBBL), Pokhara, Nepal.
Methods: The research presents the findings of data collected through a survey research design in the Kaski district of Nepal. The researchers administered the survey questionnaire to 235 clients of SKBBL microfinance institutions involved in the programme for the last five or more years. We used a stratified random sampling technique to collect the data. The sample population comprised 70 from a scheduled caste (Dalit), 75 from ethnic groups, and 90 from upper castes. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data. The paired sample t-test has been used to examine the effects of microfinance intervention on occupational status, income level, consumption expenditure, capital expenditure, and monthly savings of the clients.
Results: The results show that microfinance has contributed a significant role. It has enabled people from lower income groups to access microcredit and encourage productive investment that facilitates productive investment and economic transformation. -The result derived from paired sample t-test finds the positive effects of microfinance intervention on occupational status, income level, consumption, capital expenditure, and saving habits.
Conclusion: This study concludes that role of microcredit is significant in enhancing the clients' economic status. Microfinance positively affects clients' earnings, savings, spending, asset accumulation, and occupational status. However, utilizing microcredit in productive sectors is necessary to empower the clients' economic status. The findings indicate that microfinance institutions must focus on effective microcredit applications to help create micro-businesses and improve the clients' livelihood status.
Literature Review on Ergonomics, Ergonomics Practices, and Employee Performance
Authors: Koirala Ranjana , Nepal Ankit 
Published: December 2022

Background: The modern history of ergonomics can be traced back to the world war from 1939 to 1945. From the 1960s to the 1990s, there were many changes made to ergonomics. Some of these were cognitive ergonomics, organizational ergonomics, positive ergonomics, and spiritual ergonomics. Ergonomics is becoming more of an issue in organizations in both developed and developing countries since the rise of occupational safety and health. Today, every company in the world puts more thought into making their workplaces safe.
Objective: The goal of this study is to fill in the gaps in the evidence between ergonomics and employee well-being, focusing on ergonomics, ergonomic practices, and employee performance.
Methods: This study uses an exploratory research design and gathers information from secondary sources to back up the title. Research papers are carefully chosen from scientific databases like Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar by making criteria for each part to make sure the idea goes into depth and analyzes the role of ergonomics in improving employee performance.
Results: Most research is done on physical ergonomics and organizational ergonomics. When people do research on ergonomics, they don't think much about how people act and think. Most ergonomics research is also done in industrial and developed countries, which makes sense. When it comes to research and use of ergonomics, developing countries are a long way behind. Most small businesses in developing countries don't care about ergonomics in the workplace.
Conclusion: Accessing and improving ergonomics in the workplace could improve employee performance and productivity while reducing burnout, absenteeism, and turnover rates. So, it's important to study ergonomics more, especially for places like Nepal.