bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in summer precipitation over the Sichuan Basin in recent decades and possible causes
Authors: Nie Yanbo , Sun Jianqi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA wet‐to‐dry shift in summer over the Sichuan Basin (SCB) during the late 20th century was noticed by previous studies. However, this study found that summer precipitation over SCB significantly increases during the past two decades, with an abrupt change point around 2011/2012. An anomalous cyclone over Lake Baikal, accompanied by an anticyclone over southern China, is responsible for the increase in SCB precipitation by inducing anomalous upper‐level divergence, mid‐level ascending motion and moisture convergence. Such atmospheric circulation anomalies are closely associated with the sea surface temperature (SST) warming over the Barents–Kara Sea (BKS). Observational analyses and model experiments indicate that the SST warming over the BKS warms local atmosphere and weakens meridional air temperature gradients over northern Asia and induces local anomalous easterlies, which further induce the anomalous cyclone over Lake Baikal that favours SCB precipitation. Additionally, the inhomogeneous warming over Europe increases local meridional air temperature gradients, enhances atmospheric baroclinicity and intensifies local transient eddy activities over central Europe. The intensified transient eddy activities generate negative geopotential height tendency anomalies over northern Europe, which can further excite a Rossby wave train that directly influences SCB precipitation, and can warm the atmosphere above the Kara Sea that indirectly influences SCB precipitation. This study can deepen our understanding of the interdecadal variability of summer precipitation over the SCB.
Storylines for future changes of the North Atlantic jet and associated impacts on the UK
Authors: Harvey Ben , Hawkins Ed , Sutton Rowan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate projections for the UK exhibit substantial uncertainty, and this uncertainty is a hindrance to robust and timely decision making on both adaptation and mitigation policy issues. A large part of the uncertainty is associated with dynamical changes of the regional atmospheric circulation rather than thermodynamic changes which are better constrained by model simulations. Of particular importance for the UK is the extent to which the North Atlantic jet will change over coming decades and the impact this will have on weather and climate in the region. In this article, we propose the use of jet‐based storylines for assessing and communicating uncertainty in climate projections for the UK, wherein changes in each impact are explicitly conditioned on changes in the North Atlantic jet. This approach provides a framework for evaluating the impacts associated with a range of plausible future climate outcomes for the UK, including outcomes that may not be well represented in the current generation of climate models, and for communicating these potential outcomes. We construct a simple yet useful set of future jet storylines for both summer and winter and for 2°C and 4°C global warming levels and illustrate the utility of the approach by evaluating the impact of each jet storyline on future changes in UK precipitation. In doing so, we demonstrate that the relationships between the jet and UK precipitation are consistent between observed interannual variability and projected changes. This finding increases our confidence in projecting changes in UK precipitation associated with each storyline.
Perturbations of gut microbiome and metabolome of pigs infected with Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Gan Yuan , Bao Hongduo , Wang Ran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMycoplasma hyorhinis is a prevalent respiratory pathogen in swine, causing significant economic loss to pig producers. There is growing evidence that respiratory pathogen infections have a large impact on intestinal microecology. To study the effect of M. hyorhinis infection on gut microbial composition and metabolome profile, pigs were infected with M. hyorhinis. Metagenomic sequencing analysis was performed of fecal samples and a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis of gut digesta was made.ResultsPigs infected with M. hyorhinis had enriched Sutterella and Mailhella, and depleted Dechloromonas, Succinatimonas, Campylobacter, Blastocystis, Treponema, and Megasphaera. The pigs infected with M. hyorhinis also had greater abundances of bacterium_0_1xD8_71, Ruminococcus_sp__CAG_353, Firmicutes_bacterium_CAG_194, Firmicutes_bacterium_CAG_534, bacterium_1xD42_87, and lower abundances of Chlamydia_suis, Megasphaera_elsdenii, Treponema_porcinum, Bacteroides_sp__CAG_1060, Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii. Metabolomic analysis revealed that some lipids and lipid‐like molecules increased in the small intestine, whereas most lipids and lipid‐like molecule metabolites decreased in the large intestine. These altered metabolites induce changes in intestinal sphingolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and thiamine metabolism.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that infection with M. hyorhinis can alter the gut microbial composition and metabolite structure in pigs, which may further affect amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in the intestine. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of Early Diabetic Kidney Disease Using Ultrasound Localization Microscopy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Zhang Hong , Huang Lijie , Yang Yi , Qiu Lanyan , He Qiong , Liu Jinping , Qian Linxue , Luo Jianwen 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to detect the hemodynamic changes of microvessels in the early stage of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and to test the feasibility of ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) in early diagnosis of DKD.MethodsIn this study, streptozotocin (STZ) induced DKD rat model was used. Normal rats served as the control group. Conventional ultrasound, contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and ULM data were collected and analyzed. The kidney cortex was divided into four segments, which are 0.25–0.5 mm (Segment 1), 0.5–0.75 mm (Segment 2), 0.75–1 mm (Segment 3), and 1–1.25 mm (Segment 4) away from the renal capsule, respectively. The mean blood flow velocities of arteries and veins in each segment were separately calculated, and also the velocity gradients and overall mean velocities of arteries and veins. Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparison of the data.ResultsQuantitative results of microvessel velocity obtained by ULM show that the arterial velocity of Segments 2, 3, and 4, and the overall mean arterial velocity of the four segments in the DKD group are significantly lower than those in the normal group. The venous velocity of Segment 3 and the overall mean venous velocity of the four segments in the DKD group are higher than those in the normal group. The arterial velocity gradient in the DKD group is lower than that in the normal group.ConclusionULM can visualize and quantify the blood flow and may be used for early diagnosis of DKD.
Opening the black box of winter: Full‐year dynamics of crustacean zooplankton along a nearshore depth gradient in a large lake
Authors: Shchapov Kirill , Ozersky Ted 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPast studies of zooplankton seasonality in large temperate lakes have often neglected the winter period. Winter conditions are rapidly changing (e.g., reduced ice cover extent and duration, altered thermal and mixing regimes) in northern lakes, making it important to fill the existing winter knowledge gap. In this study, we sampled five stations in Lake Superior across a nearshore depth gradient through the full year to assess the phenology of crustacean zooplankton communities and the effect of environmental drivers on them. Across stations, zooplankton densities were the lowest in winter (0.9 ± 0.6 Ind. L−1) and highest in summer (14.2 ± 15.1 Ind. L−1). Zooplankton abundances and community composition were less seasonally variable at deeper stations compared to shallower and more terrestrially affected regions. Cladocerans were the dominant taxonomic group during the summer across all stations, while cyclopoid and calanoid copepods were more important during the fall, winter, and spring. Among feeding groups, herbivores were most abundant in summer while omnivores and carnivores dominated in winter. We found that water temperature and food availability were the main drivers of total zooplankton densities through the year and during the cold seasons, but the effect of these factors varied among the main taxonomic groups. Our study demonstrates seasonal and spatial variation in crustacean zooplankton and environmental parameters, with the highest fluctuation at shallower stations. This study offers new information on seasonal crustacean zooplankton dynamics and contributes to understanding the effects of climate change on large lake ecosystems.
Non‐Reciprocal Cavity Polariton with Atoms Strongly Coupled to Optical Cavity
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Li Ming , Han Xing , He Hai , Li Gang , Zou Chang‐Ling , Zhang Pengfei , Qian Yuhua , Zhang Tiancai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBreaking the time‐reversal symmetry of light is of great importance for fundamental physics and has attracted increasing interest in the study of non‐reciprocal photonic devices. Here, a chiral cavity quantum electrodynamics system with multiple atoms strongly coupled to a Fabry–Pérot cavity is experimentally demonstrated. By polarizing the internal quantum state of the atoms, the time‐reversal symmetry of the atom‐cavity interaction is broken. The strongly coupled atom‐cavity system can be described by non‐reciprocal quasiparticles, that is, the cavity polariton. When it works in the linear regime, the inherent nonreciprocity makes the system work as a single‐photon‐level optical isolator. Benefiting from the collective enhancement of multiple atoms, an isolation ratio exceeding 30 dB on the single‐quanta level (≈ 0.1 photon on average) is achieved. The validity of the non‐reciprocal device under zero magnetic field and the reconfigurability of the isolation direction are also experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, when the cavity polariton works in the nonlinear regime, the quantum interference between polaritons with weak anharmonicity induces non‐reciprocal nonclassical statistics of cavity transmission from coherent probe light.
Challenges of midwifery staff at Tehran hospitals: A qualitative study from the midwifery managers perspective
Authors: Mahsa Khoshnam rad , Shahla Khosravi , Mosadeghrad Ali Mohamad , Elham Ehsani‐Chimeh , Mirmolaei Seyed Tahereh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the challenges faced by midwifery staff working in hospitals from midwifery manager's perspectives and provide suggestions to solve them.DesignDescriptive qualitative study.MethodsThe study was conducted in Tehran in 2021. Data were collected using fifteen semi‐structured interviews conducted with hospitals' clinical midwifery managers over 7 months. The interview data were grouped into three themes: recruitment, development, and maintenance.ResultsThe midwifery workforce would face significant challenges in training hospitals. Lack of suitable patterns of midwifery workforce management, the non‐optimal midwives' utilization and deployment, unclear job boundaries, weak training programs for the midwives' professional development, and unpleasant working atmosphere were the main challenges. A well‐defined task description for midwives to determine their position in all spheres of reproductive health service provision, create training courses based on skill gaps, and focus on improving labour relations and organizational culture are suggested.Patient or Public ContributionMidwifery managers were interviewed. They talked about their experience with midwifery workforce challenges.
Validation studies of Japanese administrative health care data: A scoping review
Authors: Yamana Hayato , Konishi Takaaki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeLarge‐scale administrative health care databases are increasingly being utilized for research. However, there has not been much literature that validated administrative data in Japan; a previous review identified six validation studies published between 2011 and 2017. We conducted a literature review of studies that assessed the validity of Japanese administrative health care data.MethodsWe searched for studies published by March 2022 that compared individual‐level administrative data with a reference standard from another data source, as well as studies that validated administrative data using other data within the same database. The eligible studies were also summarized based on characteristics which included data types, settings, reference standard used, numbers of patients, and conditions validated.ResultsThere were 36 eligible studies, including 29 that used external reference standard and seven that validated administrative data using other data within the same database. Chart review was the reference standard in 21 studies (range of the numbers of patients, 72–1674; 11 studies conducted in single institutions and nine studies in 2–5 institutions). Five studies used a disease registry as the reference standard. Diagnoses of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes were frequently evaluated.ConclusionsValidation studies are being conducted at an increasing rate in Japan, although most of them are small scale. Further large‐scale comprehensive validation studies are necessary to effectively utilize the databases for research.
Integration of data‐independent acquisition (DIA) with co‐fractionation mass spectrometry (CF‐MS) to enhance interactome mapping capabilities
Authors: Hay Brenna N. , Akinlaja Mopelola O. , Baker Teesha C. , Houfani Aicha Asma , Stacey R. Greg , Foster Leonard J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProteomics technologies are continually advancing, providing opportunities to develop stronger and more robust protein interaction networks (PINs). In part, this is due to the ever‐growing number of high‐throughput proteomics methods that are available. This review discusses how data‐independent acquisition (DIA) and co‐fractionation mass spectrometry (CF‐MS) can be integrated to enhance interactome mapping abilities. Furthermore, integrating these two techniques can improve data quality and network generation through extended protein coverage, less missing data, and reduced noise. CF‐DIA‐MS shows promise in expanding our knowledge of interactomes, notably for non‐model organisms (NMOs). CF‐MS is a valuable technique on its own, but upon the integration of DIA, the potential to develop robust PINs increases, offering a unique approach for researchers to gain an in‐depth understanding into the dynamics of numerous biological processes.
Pyrifluquinazon baseline susceptibility and inhibition of Tomato chlorosis virus transmission by Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Wen Zanrong , Feng Jinzheng , Zhu Bolin , Xu Wei , Xu Fa , Tan Huiwen , Chu Dong , Guo Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is associated with tomato yellow leaf disorder diseases in more than 20 countries. ToCV can be transmitted in a semipersistent manner by whitefly vectors such as Bemisia tabaci. Controlling the vector pests by using chemical insecticides is an efficient and effective approach to reduce and interrupt the virus transmission. Pyrifluquinazon is a new pyridine azomethine derivative, showing insecticidal toxicity to sucking pests by disturbing their feeding behavior. However, limited attention has been paid to the performance of pyrifluquinazon against B. tabaci and ToCV transmission.ResultThis study showed the lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) values of pyrifluquinazon to 22 B. tabaci field populations ranged from 0.54 to 2.44 mg L−1, and the baseline susceptibility of B. tabaci to pyrifluquinazon was 1.24 mg L−1 with a 95% confidence limit of 0.35–1.85 mg L−1. Pyrifluquinazon and afidopyropen did not show cross‐resistance to dinotefuran and pymetrozine in B. tabaci, which both inhibited the feeding activities of B. tabaci. The antifeedant concentration of 50% (AFC50) values at 48 h were 0.70 mg L−1 for pyrifluquinazon and 2.13 mg L−1 for afidopyropen. Foliar application of pyrifluquinazon and afidopyropen reduced the ToCV transmission by 40.91% and 33.33%, respectively and significantly decreased the ToCV loads in tomato plants under laboratory conditions.ConclusionThese results provided new information about the effects of modulators of the vanilloid‐type transient receptor potential channel on the toxicity to B. tabaci and inhibition of ToCV transmission. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sampled‐data‐based event‐triggered adaptive prescribed performance control of uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Xu Xindi , Hou Mingzhe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article studies the problem of global adaptive prescribed performance control (PPC) for a class of uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems based on the sampled‐data‐based event‐triggering mechanism. A novel time‐varying scaling function, whose reciprocal plays the role of a prescribed performance function, is constructed and utilized to remove the range restriction on the initial tracking error and achieve the global PPC. Meanwhile, to reduce the communication frequency and avoid the Zeno behavior in mechanism, a sampled‐data‐based event‐triggering mechanism is introduced, and an event‐triggered global adaptive prescribed performance controller is designed by employing the error transformation technique and the adaptive backstepping method. It is proved that all signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded and the tracking error is confined within the prescribed performance boundary for arbitrary initial values. Since there is no need to continuously monitor whether the triggering condition is satisfied, the obtained result is conducive to physical implementation. Finally, a network‐based robotic manipulator system is employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Use of direct fluorescein sodium lymphography for thoracic duct identification in a dog with idiopathic chylothorax
Authors: Gemignani Francesco , Livet Véronique 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 2‐year‐6‐month‐old, female, neutered Greyhound was diagnosed with idiopathic chylothorax. Surgery was performed, which included thoracic duct ligation, subtotal pericardectomy, total right caudal lung lobectomy, chyli cisterna ablation and pleural port device placement. Fluorescein sodium was injected into a mesenteric lymph node through a right paracostal laparotomy for colourisation of the different branches of the thoracic duct to assist in identification. A sterile ultraviolet torch (LED 395 nm) was used to activate the fluorescent yellow‐green signal, enabling visual assessment of the thoracic duct and its branches. Finally, the different branches were ligated using haemovascular clips. Success of the thoracic duct ligation was assessed by contrast fluoroscopy. The dog recovered well from the surgery, but was euthanased without investigation 4 weeks after the procedure due to anorexia, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. This is the first report of thoracic duct ligation for idiopathic chylothorax in a dog using fluorescein sodium as a fluorophore to help with the identification of all the thoracic duct branches.
The Importance of EU Issues in German Elections
Authors: Navarrete Rosa M. , Debus Marc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe decision-making processes employed by German politicians and voters in elections to the German Bundestag matter decisively for policy-making at the European level. When casting their vote, German voters choose their representatives and are in a position to use federal elections to keep European Union (EU) policy accountable and better defend their national interests. Nevertheless, the German press and political parties—with the exception of those on the radical right, like the Alternative for Germany (AfD—Alternative für Deutschland)—tend not to use EU issues to mobilize voters and do not politicize EU integration policy. This pro-European vocation would suggest there is no place for EU issue voting in Germany; however, this is not the case. This contribution disentangles the apparent consensus about the EU and assesses the nuances that indicate the Europeanization of German elections. First, we find that parties behave strategically in respect of the prominence they give to European integration issues and in the way they talk about them. Second, we provide evidence supporting the influence of EU issue voting in the last federal elections. Finally, we show how the opinions of individuals on immigration policy moderate the effect of support for the EU on the vote.
Existence of weak solutions to a diffuse interface model involving magnetic fluids with unmatched densities
Authors: Kalousek Martin , Mitra Sourav , Schlömerkemper Anja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article we prove the global existence of weak solutions for a diffuse interface model in a bounded domain (both in 2D and 3D) involving incompressible magnetic fluids with unmatched densities. The model couples the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, gradient flow of the magnetization vector and the Cahn–Hilliard dynamics describing the partial mixing of two fluids. The density of the mixture depends on an order parameter and the modelling (specifically the density dependence) is inspired from Abels et al. (Models Methods Appl Sci 22(3):1150013, 2011).
Diarylheptanoids/sorafenib as a potential anticancer combination against hepatocellular carcinoma: the p53/MMP9 axis of action
Authors: Elmetwalli Alaa , Diab Thoria , Albalawi Aisha Nawaf , El-Naggar Sabry Ali , El‑Far Ali H. , Ghedan Amira Radwan , Alamri Eman Saad , Salama Afrah Fatthi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious and potentially fatal form of cancer associated with liver damage. New anticancer drugs are increasingly needed due to the increasing number of cancer cases every year. In this study, diarylheptanoids (DAH) from Alpinia officinarum were examined for their antitumor activity against DAB-induced HCC in mice, as well as their ability to reduce liver damage. Assays for cytotoxicity were conducted using MTT. The DAB-induced HCC Swiss albino male mice were given DAH and sorafenib (SOR) either as single treatments or in combination, and the effects on tumour development and progression were monitored. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were evaluated along with biomarkers of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and GGT). The apoptosis-related gene (CASP8), the apoptosis-related gene (p53), the anti-inflammatory genes (IL-6), the migration-related gene matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP9), and the angiogenesis-related gene vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed using qRT-PCR in the hepatic tissue. As a final step, DAH and SOR were docked with CASP8 and MMP9 via molecular docking to propose potential mechanisms of action. Our results revealed that the combination of DAH and SOR has a potent inhibitory effect on the growth and viability of the HepG2 cell line. The outcomes demonstrated that DAH and SOR-treated HCC-bearing mice displayed a reduction in the tumour burden and liver damage as demonstrated by (1) parameters of repaired liver function; (2) low levels of hepatic MDA; (3) elevated levels of hepatic T-SOD; (4) p53, IL-6, CASP8, MMP9, and VEGF downregulation; and (5) enhanced hepatic structure. The best results were revealed in mice that were co-treated with DAH (given orally) and SOR (given intraperitoneally). The docking study also proposed that both DAH and SOR could inhibit CASP8 and MMP9’s oncogenic activities and had a high affinity for these enzymes. In conclusion, according to study findings, DAH enhances SOR antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects and identifies their molecular targets. Furthermore, the results revealed that DAH was able to boost the anticancer effects of the drug SOR and reduce liver damage caused by HCC in mice. This suggests that DAH could be a potential therapeutic agent against liver cancer.