bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water intake and recurrent urinary tract infections prevention: economic impact analysis in seven countries
Authors: Zemdegs Juliane , Iroz Alison , Vecchio Mariacristina , Roze Stephane , Lotan Yair 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: To estimate the economic impact of preventing urinary tract infections (UTI) by increasing water intake among women with recurrent UTI and low fluid intake across seven countries: France, United Kingdom, Spain, United States of America, Mexico, China and Australia.
Methods: A Markov model was developed to compare costs and outcomes of UTIs associated with low fluid intake in women versus a strategy of primary prevention by increasing water intake. Model inputs were based on randomized controlled trial data which found that increasing water intake by 1.5L/day decreased the risk of developing cystitis by 48% in women with low fluid intake and recurrent UTI. A time horizon of 10 years was used; outcomes were from the payer perspective and included both direct and indirect costs, reported in 2019 United States dollars ($). Discounting rates varied by country. Scenarios of increasing levels of compliance to the increased water intake strategy were evaluated.
Results: The total cost of one UTI episode, including diagnostics, treatment and complications, ranged from $2164 (Mexico) to $7671 (Australia). Assuming 80% compliance with the increased water intake strategy over a 10-year time horizon, the number of UTIs prevented ranged from 337,775 (Australia) to 18,716,462 (China), resulting in total savings of up to $3.4 billion (China). Across all countries, increased water intake resulted in lower cost and fewer UTIs compared with low water intake.
Conclusion: Preventing recurrent UTIs by increasing water intake would reduce both the clinical and economic burden associated with UTI. Public, healthcare professionals and patients should be made aware about the preventive positive impact of appropriate water intake on UTIs.
Recruitment into antibody prevalence studies: a randomized trial of postcards vs. letters as invitations
Authors: Ley Catherine , Duan Heying , Parsonnet Julie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In a potential epidemic of an emerging infection, representative population-based serologic studies are required to determine the extent of immunity to the infectious agent, either from natural infection or vaccination. Recruitment strategies need to optimize response rates.
Methods
Within a seroepidemiologic study to determine the true burden of SARS-CoV2 infection in two Bay Area counties, we evaluated whether letter (L) or postcard (P) invitations with reminders were more effective at recruiting participant households. Using geographic, probability-based sampling, 9,999 representative addresses, split between Santa Clara and Solano counties, were randomized to receive an initial invitation (L or P); a randomized reminder mailing sent two weeks later to all non-respondents created four mailing type groups (L/L, L/P, P/L, P/P). Interested households provided contact information via survey to perform blood spot collection at home for testing and then receive SARS-CoV2 serology results. Comparison of demographics among respondents and non-respondents used census tract data.
Results
Receiving any reminder mailing increased household response rates from 4.2% to between 8–13% depending on mailing combination. Response rates from two letters were 71% higher than from two postcards (13.2% vs. 7.7%, OR = 1.83 [95% CI: 1.5–2.2]). Respondents were older, more educated and more likely white than non-respondents. Compared to Solano county, Santa Clara county had different demographics and increased household response rates (L/L: 15.7% vs 10.7%; P/P: 9.2% vs. 6.1%; p < 0.0001); the effect of mailing types, however, was the same (L/L vs. P/P: Santa Clara: OR = 1.83 [95% CI: 1.4–2.3]; Solano: OR = 1.84 [95% CI:1.4–2.5]).
Conclusion
Letters, as both invitations and reminders, are more effective recruitment tools than postcards and should be considered when seeking a representative population-based sample for serological testing.
Application of ultrasound in etiological diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome caused by persistent median artery
Authors: Wang Si Xu , Yang Ying , Wang Di , Jiao Dan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives:
To explore the value of ultrasound in the etiological diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) caused by persistent median artery(PMA) and the advantage of ultrasound in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome combined with persistent median artery.
Methods:
From May 2017 to May 2022,5 patients with persistent median artery who underwent bilateral carpal tunnel ultrasound examination in our hospital were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent bilateral carpal tunnel ultrasound examination,observed the morphological structure and anatomical relationship of median nerve and persistent median artery.
Results:
Only 1 patient reported numbness and pain in the thumb, index finger, middle finger and ring finger on the right palmar surface,the symptoms worsened at night or in the early morning, and alleviated after activity and hand shaking. Ultrasound results suggested that PMA running in the epineurium of the median nerve,can lead to the formation of median nerve fissure and PMA thrombosis,which resulted in CTS.While PMA running outside the epineurium of the median nerve can not result in CTS.
Conclusions:
The anatomical relationship between PMA and median nerve is the main risk factor for formation of CTS, while ultrasound can precisely meet its diagnostic criteria because of its display of the subtle structure of the nerve, so ultrasound can be used as the main examination method for the diagnosis of PMA with CTS.
Prediction model of in-hospital mortality in intensive care unit patients with cardiac arrest: a retrospective analysis of MIMIC -Ⅳ database based on machine learning
Authors: Sun Yiwu , He Zhaoyi , Ren Jie , Wu Yifan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Both in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have higher incidence and lower survival rates. Predictors of in-hospital mortality for intensive care unit (ICU) admitted cardiac arrest (CA) patients remain unclear.
Methods: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅳ (MIMIC-Ⅳ) database was used to perform a retrospective study. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were identified from the MIMIC-Ⅳ database and randomly divided into training set (n=1206, 70%) and validation set (n=516, 30%). Candidate predictors consisted of the demographics, comorbidity, vital signs, laboratory test results, scoring systems, and treatment information on the first day of ICU admission. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) in the training set. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to build prediction models in training set, and then validated in validation set. Discrimination, calibration and clinical utility of these models were compared using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). After pairwise comparison, the best performing model was chosen to build a nomogram.
Results: Among the 1722 patients, in-hospital mortality was 52.43%. In both sets, the LASSO, XGBoost and The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS 2) models showed acceptable discrimination. In pairwise comparison, the prediction effectiveness was higher with the LASSO and XGBoost models than with the NEWS 2 model (p<0.001). The LASSO and XGBoost models also showed good calibration. The LASSO model was chosen as our final model for its higher net benefit and was presented as the nomogram.
Conclusions: The LASSO model enabled good prediction of in-hospital mortality in ICU admission CA patients, which may be widely used in clinical decision-making.
Extracurricular Activities in Medical Education: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Kim Sejin , Jeong Hyeyoon , Cho Hyena , Yu Jihye 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: The importance of extracurricular activities (EAs) has been emphasized in medical education. These activities could enhance medical students’ emotional and physical health and afford them developmental opportunities. Despite the growing amount of research related to this theme, few studies review and synthesize the existing literature. This literature review aims to provide an understanding of the educational implications of EAs in medical colleges and constructs an integrated conceptual framework concerning their types and learning outcomes.Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted following Torraco’s method, which helped generate a new framework for the given topic. The authors utilized Scopus and PubMed as databases, using search terms “extracurricular,” “medical,” and “students.” Initially, titles and abstracts were screened to include relevant studies, and the researchers verified the eligibility of the articles by following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 263 articles identified, 64 empirical studies were selected for further review.Results: EAs in undergraduate medical education can be classified into direct extracurricular activities and indirect extracurricular activities, the latter of which is sorted into nine sub-categories. We identified seven main categories regarding the learning outcomes of EAs. In addition to general activities (e.g., pro-social activities, team sports), some distinctive activities such as research have been largely addressed in previous studies. The results of EAs were discussed in relation to academic growth, career development, and psychological experiences.Conclusions: This review identified the types and learning outcomes of EAs in the context of medical education, thereby suggesting ways to improve the quality of EAs and maximize their educational effects.
Application of extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy in laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection: A single center's 6-year experience
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhu Ying , Hu Xiaofeng , Nie Shuangfa , Fei Jiandong , Wang Daorong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study is to explore the safety and function of extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy for patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection(LAPR).
Methods
In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the data from 37 patients who underwent LAPR with extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy and compared with the data from 46 patients who underwent LAPR with transperitoneal sigmoidostomy from January 2014 to January 2019. They were grouped into the intraperitoneal (Group A) and extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy (Group B) groups. Clinical data were collected and statistically analyzed.
Results
Patient demographics were similar in both groups. For LAPR with extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy group, the mean operation time was 155.8 ± 38.2min (range100-290 min), which is shorter than Group A (158.5 ± 32.4 min, range105-335 min), but with no significant difference. The mean time for the procedure of extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy in Group B was 22.4 ± 2.6 min (range 15–28 min). which is longer than Group A (17.1 ± 2.1 min, range 14–26 min), but with no significant difference. No significant difference was found in postoperative hospitalization between two groups (11.2 ± 3.4 days vs 12.2 ± 3.0 days, p = 0.17). The rate of PSH (2.7% (1/37) vs 19.6% (9/46), p = 0.02), stoma prolapse (0% (0/37) vs 13.0% (6/46), p = 0.03), intra-abdominal hernia (0%(0/37) vs 15.2%(7/46), p = 0.02) were significantly lower in Group B than Group A. The incidence of stoma edema in Group A was 15.2% (7/46). However, 13 of 37 patients in the Group B had stoma edema (35.1%(13/37), p = 0.04). The incidence of stoma stenosis, stoma retraction, and stoma ischemia was no statistically significant difference between two groups. Functions of stoma including stimulation of excrement, stimulating time for excrement, frequency of excrement, self-controlled ability of excrement, and regularity of excrement were better than those of the intraperitoneal sigmoidostomy group, and these differences were statistical significance (p = 0.002,0.001,<0.001,0.004,0.008,respectively), but there was no significant difference in shape (p = 0.062) and duration of excrement (p = 0.179) between two groups.
Conclusion
According to our study, LAPR with extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy procedure is safe and feasible and should be regarded as a standard procedure in LAPR for lower rectal cancer, which significantly reduced incidence of postoperative stoma-related complications, especially parastomal hernia, stoma prolapse and intra-abdominal hernia. In addition, extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy greatly improved patient's postoperative stoma function,especially stimulation of excrement and self-controlled ability of excrement.
Intra-stomachal Magnoliales phytoliths provide definitive evidence for folivory in basal avialans of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota
Authors: Wu Yan , Ge Yong , Hu Han , Stidham Thomas , Li Zhiheng , Bailleul Alida , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Angiosperms became the dominant plant group in early to middle Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems, coincident with the timing of the earliest pulse of bird diversification. While birds and angiosperms exhibit strong interactions across pollination/nectivory, seed dispersal/frugivory, and folivory, documentation of the evolutionary origins and construction of that ecological complexity remains scarce in the Mesozoic. Through the first study of preserved in situ dietary derived phytoliths in a nearly complete skeleton of the early diverging avialan clade Jeholornithidae, we provide direct dietary evidence of Jeholornis consuming angiosperm leaves of the clade Magnoliales, and these results lend further support for early ecological connections among the earliest birds and angiosperms. The broad diet of the early diverging avialan Jeholornisincluding fruits, seeds, and leaves marks a clear transition in the early evolution of birds in the establishment of an arboreal (angiosperm) herbivore niche in the early Cretaceous occupied largely by birds today. Morphometric reanalysis of the lower jaw of Jeholornis additionally supports a generalized morphology similar to the living folivore the hoatzin.
Study on geological meaning and application of mine water inflow series after phase space reconstruction
Authors: Li Jianlin , He Qi , Wang Xinyi , Wang Shuwei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The conclusion that the column vector of the phase space after reconstruction of the mine water inflow sequence has a clear geological meaning is proposed and verified by an example, and then a prediction model of the mine water inflow coupled with chaos theory and artificial neural network is established. The delay time τ is determined by the mutual information method, and the embedded dimension m is determined by Cao method, and the phase space reconstruction of the water inflow sequence is carried out; Regression analysis and Pearson correlation test are used to analyze the correlation between the elements in each column of phase space and the main controlling factors of water inflow; The chaos theory is coupled with Elman neural network (ENN), and the Chaos-ENN water inflow prediction model is established; The gradient prediction method is used to verify the model; Four evaluation indexes are used to evaluate the prediction results. The results show that the embedding dimension of phase space is equal to the number of main control factors of mine water inflow; The column vector of the phase space is linearly related to the mined out area, the development length and the water level of the three main aquifers; The prediction accuracy of Chaos-ENN model is 97.91% and the root mean square error is 10.81m3/h; The prediction accuracy of this model is equivalent to that of the single ENN model established after the main control factors and their values are determined. The results show that the column vector of phase space after reconstruction of water inflow sequence has clear geological meaning; For different mines, the geological meaning of column vector in phase space will be different, but they all represent a main controlling factor of water inflow; The number of ENN input layers and their values in the water inflow prediction model can be quantified by using chaos theory, so the Chaos-ENN model for mine water inflow prediction can be established only by the sequence value of water inflow. The establishment of the model avoids the difficulty of determining and quantifying the main controlling factors in the prediction of water inflow, and the model has high prediction accuracy, so the Chaos-ENN model has high promotion value.
Quantum loss sensing with two-mode squeezed vacuum state under noisy and lossy environment
Authors: Park Sang-il , Noh Changsuk , Lee Changhyoup 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We investigate quantum advantages in loss sensing when the two-mode squeezed vacuum state is used as a probe. Following an experimental demonstration in PRX 4, 011049, we consider a quantum scheme in which the signal mode is passed through the target and a thermal noise is introduced to the idler mode before they are measured. We consider two detection strategies of practical relevance: coincidence-counting and intensity-difference measurement, which are widely used in quantum sensing and imaging experiments.By computing the signal-to-noise ratio, we verify that quantum advantages persist even under strong thermal background noise, in comparison with the classical scheme which uses a single-mode coherent state that directly suffers from the thermal noise. In a different setup in which the thermal noise is introduced to the signal mode in the quantum schemes, on the other hand, we show that the quantum advantages are significantly reduced. Remarkably, however, under an optimum measurement scheme associated with the quantum Fisher information, we show that the two-mode squeezed vacuum state does exhibit a quantum advantage over the entire range of the environmental noise and loss. We expect this work to serve as a guide for experimental demonstrations of quantum advantages in loss parameter sensing, which is subject to lossy and noisy environment.
Solving large scale unconstrained optimization problems with an efficient conjugate gradient class
Authors: Bojari Sanaz , Paripour Mahmoud 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
‎The main goal of this paper is to introduce an appropriate conjugate gradient class to solve unconstrained optimization problems‎. ‎The presented class enjoys the benefits of having three free parameters‎, ‎its directions are descent and it can fulfill the Dai-Liao conjugacy condition‎. ‎Global convergence property of the new class is proved under weak-Wolfe-Powell line search technique‎. ‎Numerical efficiency of the proposed class is confirmed in two sets of experiments including 210 test problems and ten disparate conjugate gradient methods‎.
2020 MSC: 90C06, 90C30, 90C26
Low temperature-induced diapause mechanisms of Coridius chinensis via transcriptomics sequencing
Authors: Li lin , Xiong Keyi , Xu TianTian , Liu Chaobo , Hou Xiaohui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Coridius chinensis, a valued species used in traditional Chinese medicine, undergo overwintering diapause. To clarify the mechanisms, we examined how low temperature treatments can affect diapause and cold tolerance in C. chinensis. Using transcriptome analysis, we obtained differently expressed 3225 mRNAs (DEGs) and 177 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The more down-regulated DEGs and lncRNAs in diapause groups (DP) than low-temperature (LT) stress groups when compared with wild control (WC) groups. From co-expression network, 6 DEGs with 14 corresponding lncRNAs were finally identified and positively correlated to low temperature variation. Among them, 3 DEGs refered insulin signaling pathway as GAD and tdcB were up-regulated trends in WC-LT-DP, while JAK2 was decreaed after low temperature stress but increased at dispause stage. The qPCR test of GAD and JAK2 were obtained the similar results as transcriptome. Additionally, the genes annotated in the juvenile hormone synthesis pathway were almost at down-expression in DP when compared with LT groups, which was consistent with changes in juvenile hormone contents. Our results indicated the differences between cold stress and diapause in C.chinensis were closed related with the insulin metabolism and juvenile hormone synthesis, as well as diversity regulation in DEGs mean the diapause occurrence refer various fields changing in cold stress.
VVC Decoder Intra Prediction Using Approximate Storage: an Error Resilience Evaluation
Authors: Isquierdo Matheus , Soares Renira , Sampaio Felipe , Zatt Bruno , Palomino Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an error resilience evaluation of the intra prediction step in Versatile Video Coding (VVC) decoders when approximate storage is employed in the Reference Line Buffer (RLB). We present an error injection framework to simulate the use of approximate storage in the RLB buffer with commonly used Bit Error Rate (BER) values from literature for Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) and Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) technologies. We perform an error resilience evaluation based on Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM) for twelve video sequences, considering different decoding settings, with four Quantization Parameters (QPs), two encoding configurations, and seven BERs. We also present a few examples, showing how approximately decoded sequences can look and performing a subjective visual quality analysis. Our analysis characterizes how the impacts of approximation are dependent on video content and configurations. The results show that approximate storage can be used in some of the evaluated scenarios with very low degradation on the final visual quality of the decoded video sequences.
Seasonal olfactory response of Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) towards traditional Portuguese olive cultivars
Authors: Rodrigues Isabel , Benhadi-Marín Jacinto , Baptista Paula , Pereira José Alberto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In Portugal, the strength of the olive sector relies on the great genetic heritage of traditional olive cultivars. However, this genetic heritage is threatened by the causal agent of olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS), the phytopathogenic bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, reported for the first time in 2019 in the country. This vector-borne pathogen is transmitted by xylem-feeding insects such as Philaenus spumarius which is considered the main European vector. Since there is no cure for this pathogen, the implementation of an integrated approach against the vectors should be considered to prevent and limit the spread of X. fastidiosa. In this sense, an in-depth assessment of the host plant preferences of the main European vector of X. fastidiosa is crucial to understand their seasonal dynamics towards olive cultivars to determine the most susceptible to vector attack. This work aimed to assess the olfactory response of P. spumarius, to five traditional Portuguese olive cultivars: "Cobrançosa," "Negrinha de Freixo," "Santulhana," "Madural," and "Verdeal Transmontana" in two separate seasons (Spring and Autumn). Our results showed that P. spumarius presented significantly different olfactory responses toward the different cultivars under study. In Spring, females and males were significantly attracted to "Negrinha de Feixo"; in Autumn, females were significantly attracted to "Cobrançosa". Also, in general, the olfactory response toward the five cultivars was sex-dependent. Our results suggest that in Spring, the cultivar "Negrinha de Freixo" can be more susceptible to P. spumarius and that the olfactory response towards the olive cultivars can vary throughout the life cycle of the vector. Our results can help future implementation of approaches to manage the vector and the spread of X. fastidiosa.