bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paul Hirst as a liminal figure and modernizing moralist
Authors: Conroy James C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Four years prior to the publication of Moral Education in A Secular Society, Hirst presaged his commitment to education as a moral enterprise in The Logic of Education, co-authored with R. S. Peters. A cursory glance at the index will confirm his (their) preoccupation with morality as a, and probably the, key condition of all education. Morality appears some 43 times in the index, considerably more than any other item, including the curriculum and knowledge. Add the many further references to moral education, moral judgement and sundry substantive moral conceits show that his concern with morality is indisputable. In an educational landscape preoccupied with the admittedly somewhat asinine contest between personal actualisation and performativity, perhaps Hirst's explicit preoccupation with education as a moral endeavour may appear rather anachronistic. Yet, at the time, this concern was central to the conversation as to educational purpose and practice and Hirst was the liminal figure in British education standing at the threshold between a post-War educational identity centred on religion, sacrifice and a social contract, on the one hand, and a new, more individualized, self-expressive culture, on the other. Arguably Hirst's most important contribution in this was to act as a midwife to a new way of thinking about morality and education. In this article I will suggest that Hirst's enduring importance to British education was in his liminal role as a moralist trying to wean the educational establishment off an increasingly unsustainable attachment to Christian piety as the motive force underpinning educational provision while simultaneously attempting to hold on to the virtues that had secured much social progress in the War period. In 1970, the same year as he published The Logic of Education, the precursor to the British Journal of Religious Education, Learning for Life published a series of discussions on ethics and education, repeatedly asking the question: ‘Can ethics survive without religion?'. Through the lens of 21st century post-structralism, this can appear very odd but in 1970 it was commonplace in schools, universities, and indeed further education to explicitly see religion as the shape and energy of education. Hirst enters these controversies as an educational moralist intent on re-positioning moral education away from its status as a practical appendage to Christianity and as an integral activity of education, itself considered as a moral good. Moreover, I will suggest that Hirst’s account of moral education cannot be understood apart from his consideration of the general aims of education and that his voice has retained its echo long past his citation scores!
Weight Management Engagement for Teens From Low-Income Backgrounds: Qualitative Perspectives From Adolescents and Caregivers
Authors: Darling Katherine E , Warnick Jennifer , Guthrie Kate M , Santos Melissa , Jelalian Elissa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
Adolescents from low-income backgrounds are at increased risk for obesity and related negative health outcomes. Furthermore, these adolescents have less access to, and success in, weight management (WM) programs. This qualitative study sought to better understand engagement in a hospital-based WM program from the perspective of adolescents and caregivers at different levels of program initiation and engagement.

Methods
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 55 participants (29 adolescents and 26 caregivers). This included: (a) those that were referred to, but never initiated, WM treatment (non-initiators); (b) those that prematurely disengaged from treatment (drop-outs); and (c) those that had ongoing participation in treatment (engaged). Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis.

Results
Related to program initiation, participants across all groups (including adolescents and caregivers) noted that they did not have a full understanding of the scope or goals of the WM program following initial referral. In addition, many participants identified misperceptions of the program (e.g., perceptions of a screening visit as compared to an intensive program). Both caregivers and adolescents identified caregivers as drivers of engagement, with adolescents often hesitant about participation in the program. However, engaged adolescents found the program valuable and sought ongoing participation following caregiver initiation.

Conclusions
When considering initiation and engagement in WM services for adolescents at highest risk, healthcare providers should provide more detailed information concerning WM referrals. Future research is needed to improve adolescent perception of WM, especially for adolescents from low-income backgrounds, which could increase initiation and engagement for this population.
The importance of context in extreme value analysis with application to extreme temperatures in the U.S. and Greenland
Authors: Clarkson Daniel , Eastoe Emma , Leeson Amber 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStatistical extreme value models allow estimation of the frequency, magnitude, and spatio-temporal extent of extreme temperature events in the presence of climate change. Unfortunately, the assumptions of many standard methods are not valid for complex environmental data sets, with a realistic statistical model requiring appropriate incorporation of scientific context. We examine two case studies in which the application of routine extreme value methods result in inappropriate models and inaccurate predictions. In the first scenario, incorporating random effects reflects shifts in unobserved climatic drivers that led to record-breaking US temperatures in 2021, permitting greater accuracy in return period prediction. In scenario two, a Gaussian mixture model fit to ice surface temperatures in Greenland improves fit and predictive abilities, especially in the poorly-defined upper tail around 0∘C.
New Confocal Microscope for Quantitative Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging with Improved Reproducibility
Authors: Loidolt-Krueger Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantitative single-molecule and time-resolved fluorescence techniques offer new insights into many samples in life and materials sciences. So far, their adoption has been slow because expert knowledge is required for correct data acquisition and analysis. Now, PicoQuant has developed a single-photon counting confocal microscope, called Luminosa. It combines state-of-the-art hardware with cutting-edge software to deliver high-quality data while simplifying daily operation. The system software includes context-based workflows for each technique, which improve accuracy, reproducibility, and quality of the data. This article showcases how this is achieved for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM).
The Effective Use of the Inexpensive LED Microscope with Rhodamine Blue Staining to Identify Microplastics
Authors: Smith C , Denaro F , Fan C , Pramanik S 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) &gt; 5 mm (about 0.2 in) are ubiquitously found in our biosphere; however, oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, and estuary water columns are the main repository of MPs because of their light weight and movement due to wind currents. MPs are typically observed and identified using expensive instruments such as scanning electron microscopes (SEM), Fourier spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescent microscopes, all of which cost thousands of dollars. We have used inexpensive light-emitting diode (LED) microscopes to identify the presence of aquatic microplastics, with results comparable to those obtained with high-end fluorescence microscopes. The MPs examined were separated from the gelatinous body of jellyfish captured from the Patuxent River in Maryland and stained with rhodamine blue (Rhb).
Data release of the AST3-2 automatic survey from Dome A, Antarctica
Authors: Yang Xu , Hu Yi , Shang Zhaohui , Ma Bin , Ashley Michael C B , Cui Xiangqun , Du Fujia , Fu Jianning , Gong Xuefei , Gu Bozhong , Jiang Peng , Li Xiaoyan , Li Zhengyang , Tao Charling , Wang Lifan , Xu Lingzhe , Yang Shi-hai , Yu Ce , Yuan Xiangyan , Zhou Ji-lin , Zhu Zhenxi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
AST3-2 is the second of the three Antarctic Survey Telescopes, aimed at wide-field time-domain optical astronomy. It is located at Dome A, Antarctica, which is by many measures the best optical astronomy site on the Earth’s surface. Here we present the data from the AST3-2 automatic survey in 2016 and the photometry results. The median 5σ limiting magnitude in i-band is 17.8 mag and the light-curve precision is 4 mmag for bright stars. The data release includes photometry for over 7 million stars, from which over 3500 variable stars were detected, with 70 of them newly discovered. We classify these new variables into different types by combining their light-curve features with stellar properties from surveys such as StarHorse.
Unveiling hidden active nuclei in MaNGA star-forming galaxies with He ii λ4686 line emission
Authors: Tozzi Giulia , Maiolino Roberto , Cresci Giovanni , Piotrowska Joanna M , Belfiore Francesco , Curti Mirko , Mannucci Filippo , Marconi Alessandro 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Nebular He ii λ4686 Å line emission is useful to unveil active galactic nuclei (AGN) residing in actively star-forming (SF) galaxies, typically missed by the standard BPT classification. Here, we adopt the He ii diagnostic to identify hidden AGN in the Local Universe using for the first time spatially resolved data from the Data Release 15 of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO survey (MaNGA DR15). By combining results from He ii and BPT diagnostics, we overall select 459 AGN host candidates (∼10 per cent in MaNGA DR15), out of which 27 are identified as AGN by the He ii diagram only. The He ii-only AGN population is hosted by massive (M* ≳ 1010 M⊙) SF Main Sequence galaxies and on average less luminous than the BPT-selected AGN. Given the He ii line faintness, we revisit our census accounting for incompleteness effects due to the He ii sensitivity limit of MaNGA. We thus obtain an overall increased fraction (11 per cent) of AGN in MaNGA compared to the BPT-only census (9 per cent), which further increases to 14 per cent for galaxies more massive than 1010 M⊙; interestingly, on the SF Main Sequence the increase is by about a factor of 2. A substantial number of AGN in SF galaxies points to significant, coeval star formation and black hole accretion, consistently with results from hydrodynamical simulations and with important implications on quenching scenarios. In view of exploring unprecedented high redshifts with JWST and new ground-based facilities, revisiting the standard BPT classification through novel emission-line diagnostics is fundamental to discover AGN in highly SF environments.
Dust ion-acoustic dromions in Saturn’s magnetosphere
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , McKerr Michael , Kourakis Ioannis 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTMotivated by observations of localized electrostatic wavepackets by the Cassini – and (earlier) by Voyager 1 and 2 – mission(s) in Saturn’s magnetosphere, we have investigated the existence conditions and the dynamical evolution of localized multidimensional structures in the Saturnian dusty plasma environment. To this effect, we have adopted a plasma-fluid model for dust-ion acoustic excitations, taking into account the presence of a highly energetic (suprathermal, kappa-distributed) electron population in combination with massive dust dust particulates in the background. A multiple scales perturbation method was shown to lead to a Davey--Stewartson (DS) system of evolution equations, if one assumes perpendicular carrier wave propagation across the magnetic field (direction). The system is then shown to possess two regimes mainly, known in the literature as DS-I and DS-II. In the former case, if certain conditions are fulfilled, exponentially localized solutions are obtained, known as dromions. The combined effects of various physical parameters, such as the electron spectral index, the ambient magnetic field (strength), and the dust concentration, have been examined. A numerical investigation reveals that the dromion amplitude increases with higher dust concentration, whereas it decreases for lower κe (i.e. with an increase in the suprathermal electron population component). A stronger magnetic field results in higher amplitude but narrower dromions. Our results provide a comprehensive framework for modeling modulated electrostatic wavepackets, in direct comparison with experimental data in planetary environments, in Saturn’s magnetosphere and elsewhere.
Dynamical age of the Tucana-Horologium young stellar association
Authors: Galli Phillip A B , Miret-Roig Núria , Bouy Hervé , Olivares Javier , Barrado David 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The Tucana-Horologium association is one of the closest young stellar groups to the Sun and despite the close proximity its age is still debated in the literature. We take advantage of the state-of-the-art astrometry delivered by the third data release of the Gaia space mission combined with precise radial velocity measurements obtained from high-resolution spectroscopy to investigate the dynamical age of the association. We perform an extensive traceback analysis using a combination of different samples of cluster members, metrics to evaluate the minimum size of the association in the past and models for the galactic potential to integrate the stellar orbits back in time. The dynamical age of $38.5^{+1.6}_{-8.0}$ Myr that we derive in this paper is consistent with the various age estimates obtained from isochrone fitting in the literature (30–50 Myr) and reconciles, for the first time, the dynamical age of the Tucana-Horologium association with the age obtained from lithium depletion (∼40 Myr). Our results are independent from stellar models and represent one more step towards constructing a self-consistent age scale for the young stellar groups of the Solar neighbourhood based on the 3D space motion of the stars.
Density jump as a function of magnetic field strength for parallel collisionless shocks with anisotropic upstream pressure
Authors: Bret Antoine 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe properties of collisionless shocks are frequently assessed in the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model. Yet, in a collisionless plasma, an ambient magnetic field can sustain a stable anisotropy in the upstream or the downstream, resulting in a departure from the MHD predicted behaviour. We present a model allowing to derive the downstream anisotropy, hence the shock density jump, in terms of the upstream quantities. For simplicity, the case of a parallel shock in pair plasma is considered. Contrary to previous works where the upstream was assumed isotropic, here the upstream anisotropy A = T⊥/T∥ is a free parameter. The strong sonic shock regime is formally identical to the isotropic upstream case. Yet, for intermediate sonic Mach numbers, a variety of behaviours appear as a result of the anisotropy of the upstream.
Optical characterization and radial velocity monitoring with Belgian and Indian telescopes (ORBIT): the eclipsing binaries EPIC 211982753 and EPIC 211915147
Authors: Panchal Alaxender , Joshi Y C , De Cat Peter , Lampens Patricia , Goswami Aruna , Tiwari S N 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The K2 eclipsing binary (EB) candidates EPIC 211982753 (hereinafter called EPIC2753) and EPIC 211915147 (hereinafter called EPIC5147) are characterized with the help of photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data. The light curve analysis uses the Rc-band photometric data from the 1.3-m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope (DFOT, India), ASAS-3, and K2 observations. High-resolution échelle spectra are collected using the HERMES spectrograph at the 1.2-m MERCATOR telescope (La Palma, Spain). The synthetic light and radial velocity curves are generated with the help of the modeling package phoebe 1.0. The orbital period analysis based on the ∼3.2 yr of K2 observations does not show any change in the orbital period of both targets. The component masses M1, 2 are estimated as 1.69(0.02) and 1.59(0.02) M⊙ for EPIC2753, and 1.48(0.01) and 1.27(0.01) M⊙ for EPIC5147. Both systems are high mass-ratio EBs with q&gt;0.85. The component radii R1, 2 are found to be 1.66(0.02) and 1.53(0.02) R⊙ for EPIC2753, and 1.80(0.05) and 1.42(0.05) R⊙ for EPIC5147. The distances of EPIC2753 and EPIC5147 are determined as 238(4) and 199(5) pc, respectively. MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks are used to understand the evolutionary status of both systems.
ASC-G4, an algorithm to calculate advanced structural characteristics of G-quadruplexes
Authors: Farag Marc , Messaoudi Cédric , Mouawad Liliane 
Published: February 2023

AbstractASC-G4 is an algorithm for the calculation of the advanced structural characteristics of G-quadruplexes (G4). It allows the unambiguous determination of the intramolecular G4 topology, based on the oriented strand numbering. It also resolves the ambiguity in the determination of the guanine glycosidic configuration. With this algorithm, we showed that the use of the C3’ or C5’ atoms to calculate the groove width in G4 is more appropriate than the P atoms and that the groove width does not always reflect the space available within the groove. For the latter, the minimum groove width is more appropriate. The application of ASC-G4 to 207 G4 structures guided the choices made for the calculations. A website based on ASC-G4 (http://tiny.cc/ASC-G4) was created, where the user uploads his G4 structure and gets its topology, the types of its loops and their lengths, the presence of snapbacks and bulges, the distribution of guanines in the tetrads and strands, the glycosidic configuration of these guanines, their rise, the groove widths, the minimum groove widths, the tilt and twist angles, the backbone dihedral angles, etc. It also provides a large number of atom-atom and atom-plane distances that are relevant to evaluating the quality of the structure.
PARP1 associates with R-loops to promote their resolution and genome stability
Authors: Laspata Natalie , Kaur Parminder , Mersaoui Sofiane Yacine , Muoio Daniela , Liu Zhiyan Silvia , Bannister Maxwell Henry , Nguyen Hai Dang , Curry Caroline , Pascal John M , Poirier Guy G , Wang Hong , Masson Jean-Yves , Fouquerel Elise 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPARP1 is a DNA-dependent ADP-Ribose transferase with ADP-ribosylation activity that is triggered by DNA breaks and non-B DNA structures to mediate their resolution. PARP1 was also recently identified as a component of the R-loop-associated protein-protein interaction network, suggesting a potential role for PARP1 in resolving this structure. R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures that consist of a RNA–DNA hybrid and a displaced non-template DNA strand. R-loops are involved in crucial physiological processes but can also be a source of genome instability if persistently unresolved. In this study, we demonstrate that PARP1 binds R-loops in vitro and associates with R-loop formation sites in cells which activates its ADP-ribosylation activity. Conversely, PARP1 inhibition or genetic depletion causes an accumulation of unresolved R-loops which promotes genomic instability. Our study reveals that PARP1 is a novel sensor for R-loops and highlights that PARP1 is a suppressor of R-loop-associated genomic instability.
Structure, substrate binding and activity of a unique AAA+ protein: the BrxL phage restriction factor
Authors: Shen Betty W , Doyle Lindsey A , Werther Rachel , Westburg Abigail A , Bies Daniel P , Walter Stephanie I , Luyten Yvette A , Morgan Richard D , Stoddard Barry L , Kaiser Brett K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bacteriophage exclusion (‘BREX’) systems are multi-protein complexes encoded by a variety of bacteria and archaea that restrict phage by an unknown mechanism. One BREX factor, termed BrxL, has been noted to display sequence similarity to various AAA+ protein factors including Lon protease. In this study we describe multiple CryoEM structures of BrxL that demonstrate it to be a chambered, ATP-dependent DNA binding protein. The largest BrxL assemblage corresponds to a dimer of heptamers in the absence of bound DNA, versus a dimer of hexamers when DNA is bound in its central pore. The protein displays DNA-dependent ATPase activity, and ATP binding promotes assembly of the complex on DNA. Point mutations within several regions of the protein-DNA complex alter one or more in vitro behaviors and activities, including ATPase activity and ATP-dependent association with DNA. However, only the disruption of the ATPase active site fully eliminates phage restriction, indicating that other mutations can still complement BrxL function within the context of an otherwise intact BREX system. BrxL displays significant structural homology to MCM subunits (the replicative helicase in archaea and eukaryotes), implying that it and other BREX factors may collaborate to disrupt initiation of phage DNA replication.
CHRNA5-A3-B4 and DRD2 Genes and Smoking Cessation Throughout Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study of Women
Authors: Jones Stephanie K , Alberg Anthony J , Wallace Kristin , Froeliger Brett , Carpenter Matthew J , Wolf Bethany J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Smoking cessation is more than 50% heritable. Genetic studies of smoking cessation have been limited by short-term follow-up or cross-sectional design.

Aims and Methods
This study tests single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with cessation during long-term follow-up throughout adulthood in women. The secondary aim tests whether genetic associations differ by smoking intensity. Associations between 10 SNPs in CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB2, CHRNB4, DRD2, and COMT and the probability of smoking cessation over time were evaluated in two longitudinal cohort studies of female nurses, the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (n = 10 017) and NHS-2 (n = 2793). Participant follow-up ranged from 2 to 38 years with data collected every 2 years.

Results
Women with the minor allele of either CHRNA5 SNP rs16969968 or CHRNA3 SNP rs1051730 had lower odds of cessation throughout adulthood [OR = 0.93, p-value = .003]. Women had increased odds of cessation if they had the minor allele of CHRNA3 SNP rs578776 [OR = 1.17, p-value = .002]. The minor allele of DRD2 SNP rs1800497 was associated with lower odds of cessation in moderate-to-heavy smokers [OR = 0.92, p-value = .0183] but increased odds in light smokers [OR = 1.24, p-value = .096].

Conclusions
Some SNP associations with short-term smoking abstinence observed in prior studies were shown in the present study to persist throughout adulthood over decades of follow-up. Other SNP associations with short-term abstinence did not persist long-term. The secondary aim findings suggest genetic associations may differ by smoking intensity.

Implications
The results of the present study expand on previous studies of SNP associations in relation to short-term smoking cessation to demonstrate some of these SNPs were associated with smoking cessation throughout decades of follow-up, whereas other SNP associations with short-term abstinence did not persist long-term. The rate of relapse to smoking remains high for several years after quitting smoking, and many smokers experience multiple quit attempts and relapse episodes throughout adulthood. Understanding genetic associations with long-term cessation has potential importance for precision medicine approaches to long-term cessation management.