bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between nutrients and occurrence of COVID‐19 outcomes in the population of Western Iran: A cohort study
Authors: Vaisi Dana , Moradpour Farhad , Mohammadi Shadieh , Roshani Daem , Moradi Yousef 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe study aimed to determine the association between nutrients (micronutrients, macronutrients, and antioxidants) and the occurrence of COVID‐19‐related outcomes (morbidity and hospitalization) using a cohort study in Western Iran.MethodsThe basic study information was collected from February 2019 to February 2020 from the baseline phase of the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS). The primary outcomes in this study included risk of contracting COVID‐19 and hospitalization due to it at a specific time. To compare these outcomes based on different nutritional groups (macronutrients or micronutrients), Kaplan–Meier chart and log rank test were used. Also, univariate and multivariate regression models were used to investigate the association between different nutritional groups and desired outcomes (risk of contracting COVID‐19 and hospitalization due to it at a certain time).ResultsThe results showed that people having an insufficient intake of selenium (HR: 1.180; % 95 CI: 1.032–2.490; P: 0.042), vitamin A (HR: 1.119; % 95 CI: 1.020–1.442; p: 0.033), and vitamin E (HR: 1.544; % 95 CI: 1.136–3.093; p: 0.039) were significantly more infected with COVID‐19 than the ones who had a sufficient intake of these nutrients. Also, the results showed that people having an insufficient intake of selenium (HR: 2.130; % 95 CI: 1.232–3.098; p: 0.018) and vitamin A (HR: 1.200; % 95 CI: 1.000–2.090; p: 0.043) were significantly hospitalized more than the ones who had a sufficient intake of these nutrients.ConclusionInsufficient intake of selenium and vitamins A and E can significantly increase the incidence of COVID‐19 and hospitalization due to it.
Erythrocytosis and thrombotic events in kidney transplant recipients prescribed a sodium glucose cotransport‐2 inhibitor
Authors: Gill Maia , Leung Marianna , Luo Cindy Y , Cheung Catherine , Beauchesne Arielle , Chang Doris , Lan James , Johnston Olwyn 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe safety and efficacy of sodium glucose cotransport‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in kidney transplant recipients remains uncertain. Transplant recipients may be at risk of thrombosis because of post‐transplant erythrocytosis and SGLT2i are associated with an increase in hematocrit.MethodsWe determined SGLT2i use, the change in hematocrit and incidence of thrombotic events in kidney transplant recipients in 1700 prevalent patients in our center.ResultsAmong the 42 patients treated with SGLT2i, the mean pre‐transplant hematocrit was 31%, and none of the patients had a hematocrit ≥50%. The mean percent change in hematocrit measured at an average of 53 days after initiation of an SGLT2i was 11% and four patients (10%) had a hematocrit ≥ 50%. The mean hematocrit measured 3 months after treatment was 42% and two patients (5%) had a hematocrit ≥50%. One patient had a cerebellar stroke 14 months post‐SGLT2i initiation when the hemoglobin was 173 grams/liter, and the hematocrit was 52%.ConclusionsAll patients had a sustained increase in hematocrit 3 months after SGLT2i treatment. Hematocrit ≥50% occurred in 10%, and one patient had a thrombotic event that may or may not have been related to an increase in hematocrit. Clinicians may consider monitoring for erythrocytosis after starting and SGLT2i in kidney transplant recipients.
The evolving landscape of immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic conditions
Authors: Pandya Aarti , Adah Esosa , Jones Bridgette , Chevalier Rachel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAllergic conditions, such as asthma, chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis (AD), and eosinophilic esophagitis, have long been treated with oral and topical steroids which resulted in negative off‐target effects. However, newer biologic medications are increasingly being developed and approved for treatment of these conditions. These medications have a variety of mechanisms of action to target pathophysiology specific to these diseases. As biologics become more targeted, fewer off‐target effects are seen improving tolerability for patients as well as expanded options for treatment of these conditions. This review discusses monoclonal antibody therapies (omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, tezepelumab, and tralokinumab) including their safety and use in asthma, chronic urticaria, AD, and eosinophilic esophagitis.
People living with HIV who inject or have injected non‐prescription drugs: Evidence of substantial differences in health inequalities and experiences of clinical care
Authors: Norman Thomas , Power Jennifer , Clifton Brent , Murray Joel , Bourne Adam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigates differences in health and well‐being associated with current, past or no injecting drug use (IDU) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Australia, identifying key health care considerations between injecting experiences.MethodsData were extracted from the HIV Futures 9 study; a survey of PLHIV conducted in 2018–2019. Chi‐square and analysis of variance analyses compared clinical and treatment characteristics, major physical and mental comorbidities, sexually transmitted infection diagnoses, and quality of life for those who reported current (last 12 months), past (12+ months ago) or no IDU.ResultsCurrent IDU (n = 106) was associated with higher rates of sexually transmitted infection testing and diagnoses, higher frequency of self‐reported antiretroviral therapy non‐adherence due to drug use and greater social quality of life than past (n = 126) or no IDU (n = 508; total N = 740). Past and current IDUs were associated with more mental illness diagnoses and self‐reported concern about drug use. Past IDU was associated with more physical comorbidities, lower satisfaction with clinical care and greater difficulty in affording health care than current or no IDU.Discussion and ConclusionsPast and current IDUs are associated with unique health concerns. However, past IDU appears to be related to greater dissatisfaction in navigating health care than individuals with current IDU experience. Higher social connection and the types of services being accessed by individuals who currently inject may play a role in shaping service satisfaction. Peer‐based interventions to help support individuals in accessing services that are affirming of their needs is an ongoing priority.
The prevalence and changes over time of equine glandular gastric disease in a teaching herd population
Authors: Sharbine Kirsten P. , McConnell Emma J. , Secombe Cristy , Byrne David 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBackgroundThe natural progression of equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) in the absence of treatment has not yet been described in the literature, nor has the prevalence in a teaching herd population been reported.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of disease in a teaching population over the study period (2019–2021) and to observe the changes over time in disease severity of naturally occurring diseases (not experimentally induced) without medical intervention.MethodsTwenty‐one horses underwent an initial gastroscopy and a repeat gastroscopy between 14 and 731 days later. Gastroscopy data were graded quantitatively and described qualitatively. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The changes over time were determined by comparing initial and repeat gastroscopies.ResultsThe prevalence from initial, repeat and total number of gastroscopies was 62% (95% CI: 40.8–79.3), 71% (95% CI: 50.0–86.2) and 67% (95% CI: 51.6–79), respectively. The changes over time included worsening of disease in 29% of horses (95% CI: 13.8–50.0), improvement of disease to a lower grade in 24% (95% CI: 10.6–45.1), no change in grade in 38% (95% CI: 20.8–59.1), and complete resolution of disease to grade 0 in 10% (95% CI: 2.7–28.9).Main limitationsLimitations included a maximum of two gastroscopies per horse given COVID‐19 restrictions on data collection, and highly varied interval times between initial and repeat gastroscopies.ConclusionIn conclusion, there is a high prevalence of disease in this teaching herd. The changes over time in naturally occurring diseases without medical intervention might include worsening, improvement, no change or resolution of disease.
NET‐Works paediatric obesity prevention trial: 66 month outcomes
Authors: French Simone A. , Kunin‐Batson Alicia S. , Sherwood Nancy E. , Berge Jerica M. , Shanley Ryan 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesThe NET‐Works trial (2012–2018) randomized 534 children ages 2–4 years at baseline and their caregivers to either a 3‐year multicomponent obesity prevention intervention or a control group. This research examined treatment effects on body mass index and other outcomes at 66 months.MethodsParent–child dyads (n = 338) who agreed to participate in a 66 month measurement visit were measured for child BMI, physical activity, diet, and cardiometabolic risk factor variables.ResultsAt 66 months, no significant treatment effects were observed on BMI (Effect = −0.38; 95% CI = −1.13, 0.37). Subgroup results were consistent with the NET‐Works 36 month results. Children with overweight at baseline in the intervention group gained significantly less BMI versus children with overweight in the control group (Effect = −1.28; 95% CI = −2.48, −0.07). Among Hispanic children, those in the intervention gained significantly less BMI than those in the control group (Effect = −1.04; 95% CI = −1.97, −0.11).ConclusionsEvidence suggests that early intervention with children at highest risk for obesity, using community‐based, multicomponent, multisetting interventions, may be effective in reducing excess weight gain and obesity among certain subgroups of children. The intervention appeared to be effective in slowing BMI gain 66 months after randomization among children who were already overweight at ages 2–4 years and among children of Hispanic ethnicity.
Epistemic justice in international social work research: Postcolonial theory and analytic strategies
Authors: Willey‐Sthapit Claire 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScholars have long grappled with the ways in which unequal power relations influence the creation and circulation of international social work knowledge. I outline a robust postcolonial theoretical framework to elucidate complexities of global knowledge and power and extend possibilities for considering such questions of epistemic justice. Drawing on my own research with service providers in Nepal, I suggest three analytic strategies to apply postcolonial insights in international social work research: reflexivity, critical discourse analysis, and postcolonial translation. Postcolonial theory and the strategies provided support social work researchers to comprehend, generate, and disseminate knowledge that can disrupt colonial assumptions.
Breastfeeding, consumption of ultraprocessed foods, and dental caries at 4 years of age: A birth cohort study
Authors: Mathias Fernanda Burkert , Cademartori Mariana Gonzalez , Buffarini Romina , Barros Fernando , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Goettems Marília Leão 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCohort studies have demonstrated an association between prolonged and/or frequent breastfeeding and early childhood caries (ECC).AimTo investigate the association between prolonged breastfeeding and ECC at 48 months, while considering the interaction between prolonged breastfeeding and ultraprocessed foods (UPF).DesignData from a birth cohort study conducted in southern Brazil were used (n = 3645). Poisson regression was used to evaluate the influence of breastfeeding and UPF consumption on the prevalence and experience of caries. To measure the interaction on the additive scale between breastfeeding and UPF consumption on the prevalence and experience of ECC, the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was calculated.ResultsProlonged breastfeeding was associated with higher prevalence (PR = 1.82; CI:1.59–2.08) and experience (RR = 2.47; CI:1.97–3.10) of ECC. Greater prevalence (PR = 1.16; CI: 1.04–1.30) and experience of ECC (RR = 1.22; CI: 1.00–1.48) were found in children who had high consumption of UPFs. Negative RERIs were observed for the prevalence and experience of ECC (−0.25 and −0.001).ConclusionHigh UPF consumption and prolonged breastfeeding were associated with ECC. No interaction, however, was observed, showing that the two exposures have independent effects. To prevent ECC, policies and programs are needed to support breastfeeding until the age of 2 years and to limit the consumption of UPF.
Habitat use of five sympatric predatory reef fishes at a remote island in the south‐western Atlantic
Authors: Anderson Antônio B. , Pinheiro Hudson T. , Francini‐Filho Ronaldo B. , Ferreira Carlos E. L. , Joyeux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDensity‐dependent mechanisms and habitat use are important drivers of marine spatial distribution in complex ecosystems such as coral or rocky reefs. In the last decade, a few studies have assessed habitat use by reef fishes in nearshore and coastal environments along the Brazilian coast. Serranidae (groupers and sea basses) are regarded as excellent models for understanding habitat use patterns due to their diversity, long lifespan, wide distribution, morphological and functional diversity, and behavioural complexity. Their trophic position in the food web, from meso‐ to top‐predators, grants them critical roles as top‐down population controllers. Herein, we present the first assessment of habitat use by five sympatric Serranidae in a Brazilian oceanic island, Trindade. The model species selected for this assessment were the coney (Cephalopholis fulva), the rock hind (Epinephelus adscensionis), the greater soapfish (Rypticus saponaceus), the Creole‐fish (Paranthias furcifer) and the hybrid between C. fulva and P. furcifer. Our findings revealed that the species showed specific associations with topographic characteristics related to shelter from predation, reproduction and feeding. Habitat use in Trindade was similar to that observed in nearshore coastal environments (where the hybrid is absent). The present work contributes to the knowledge of habitat use and niche partitioning among key species, which is a valuable tool to subsidize effective conservation initiatives such as designing marine protected areas focusing on the behaviour and habitat use of key ecological players.
Long‐term patterns in inland fish kills associated with cold‐shock and winter stress: a regional case study from Texas
Authors: Lopez Steven G. , Aspbury Andrea S. , Fritts Sarah R. , Tidwell Travis , Bonner Timothy H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractColder water temperatures are generally regarded as a stressful period for fishes (i.e., winter stress syndrome), which can be exacerbated by cold‐shock stress associated with major arctic freezes. Although cold‐shock stress and mass mortalities are well documented for coastal marine fishes, few studies report the effects of winter stress or cold‐shock stress on inland fishes. The purposes of this study were to describe patterns in inland fish mortalities associated with winter stress syndrome and with cold‐shock stress in Texas as a regional example of inland fish mortalities associated with colder water temperatures. Using fish mortality reports (1969–2021) recorded by state agency biologists, colder water temperature mortalities occurred in 66% (N = 35) of the years, with greatest percentages of the reports occurring during three major arctic freezes in 1981, 1983 and 2021. The majority of reports were from urbanized counties (79%) and from lentic habitats (56%). Seventeen taxa and 1,021,217 individuals were estimated to be killed during the 53s years. Numbers of inland fish mortalities were greater during major arctic freeze years than non‐major arctic freeze years, attributed primarily to mortalities of non‐native fishes (e.g., blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus, suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomus). Numbers of native fish mortalities, primarily clupeids and catostomids, were not different between major arctic freeze years and non‐major arctic freezes. The 43,000 inland fish mortalities reported during major arctic freeze years are in stark contrast to the 35 million coastal marine fish mortalities. Proposed mechanisms to explain cold‐shock mortalities in coastal waters (e.g., species within the northern extent of their range, lack of access to deeper water) are similar in inland waters, yet inland waters do not have the same level of mortalities. Consequently, the disparities between mortalities in coastal and inland waters are not readily discernable at this time.
Collateral Framework: Liquidity Premia and Multiple Equilibria
Authors: LENGWILER YVAN , ORPHANIDES ATHANASIOS 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCentral banks normally accept debt of their own governments as collateral in liquidity operations without reservations. This gives rise to a valuable liquidity premium that reduces the cost of government finance. The ECB is an interesting exception in this respect. It relies on external assessments of the creditworthiness of its member states, such as credit ratings, to determine eligibility and the haircut it imposes on such debt. We show how such features in a central bank's collateral framework can give rise to cliff effects and multiple equilibria in bond yields and increase the vulnerability of governments to external shocks. This policy can potentially induce sovereign debt crises and defaults that would not otherwise occur. The success of the ECB's temporary suspension of these features of its collateral framework during the pandemic illustrates the practical relevance of this mechanism.
Insulin resistance is associated with cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ayromlou Hormoz , Hosseini Samaneh , Khalili Mohammad , Ayromlou Samin , Khamudchiyan Shagayeg , Farajdokht Fereshteh , Hassannezhad Sina , Amiri Moghadam Shirin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the nervous system accompanied by demyelination. MS‐associated cognitive impairments mainly involve recent memory, information processing speed, stable memory, and executive function. Moreover, MS is associated with impaired glucose and insulin metabolism, which can exacerbate cognitive decline. The present study aimed to compare the cognitive status of MS patients with and without insulin resistance. In this cross‐sectional study, 74 relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis diagnosed patients were enrolled. Indicators of insulin resistance, including fasting blood glucose, insulin level, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index, were measured. They were then divided into two groups based on the results of the HOMA‐IR index. Cognition status was evaluated by the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis battery. The prevalence of insulin resistance was 37.8%, and the prevalence of cognitive decline was estimated to be 67.56%. Mean scores of the California verbal learning test (CVLT), CVLT delayed free recall, controlled oral word association test, and judgment of line orientation tests were significantly lower in MS patients with insulin resistance than without. In addition, a negative correlation was demonstrated between the results of the CVLT, CVLT delayed free recall, controlled oral word association test, judgment of line orientation tests, brief visuospatial memory test, and Delis‐Kaplan executive function system sorting tests and fasting insulin levels. Greater verbal memory and spatial comprehension impairments were observed in MS patients with insulin resistance.
Establishment of clinical evaluation criteria for scalp seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Yuanhong , Ren Wei , Li Shurun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the three symptom indicators of scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SSD), namely scalp flaking, maximum erythema area, and pruritus, to develop a “16‐point scale,” to explore its relationship with the severity of SSD, and verify the reliability of the 16‐point scale.MethodA dermatologist evaluated patients with SSD using a 16‐point scale, and statistically analyzed the collected data with the help of SPSS 26.0 software. The measurement data are expressed as (mean ± SD), and the intergroup comparison was done using a non‐parametric test. We performed the correlation analysis using the bivariate correlation analysis method, and the relationship among non‐normal distribution data variables were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. p < 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.ResultsThe total score of the “16‐point scale” strongly correlated with the severity of disease, where scalp flaking had the strongest correlation. As compared with a single score, the correlation of the total score with the severity of disease was higher. The scoring range for mild patients was (0, 5], that for moderate patients was (5, 9], and that for severe patients was (9, 16].ConclusionA “16‐point scale”, consisting of items for adherent scalp flaking (0–10), maximum erythema area (0–3), and pruritus (0–3), was used to score the patients with SSD, and the total score was strongly correlated with and differentiated the severity of SSD. Recommended evaluation criteria: a total score of 0–5 points indicates mild SSD, 6–9 points indicates moderate SSD, 10–16 points indicates severe SSD. These criteria can help to standardize disease diagnosis and treatment, and efficacy assessment.
The role of MR diffusion kurtosis and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in evaluating gliomas
Authors: Genç Barış , Aslan Kerim , Özçağlayan Ali , İncesu Lütfi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeConventional MRI sequences in neuro‐oncology are insufficient for glioma grading. However, newly developed diffusion‐weighted imaging techniques have been shown to have a great potential for glioma grading. This study examined the diagnostic performance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and their combinations in glioma grading.MethodsMultishell diffusion tensor images were obtained with 3T MRI in 38 glioma patients (22 high‐grade glioma [HGG], 16 low‐grade glioma [LGG]). DTI (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity [MD], axial diffusivity [AD], radial diffusivity [RD]), DKI (Axial kurtosis [AK], mean kurtosis [MK], radial kurtosis [RK]), and NODDI (intracellular volume fraction [ICVF], orientation distribution index, isotropic water fraction [ISO]) images were obtained after preprocessing. The average value of these parameters was calculated in the solid components of the tumors. The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to investigate the diagnostic performance and the curves were compared with the Delong test.ResultsFA shows an increase in HGG, while MD, RD, and AD exhibit a decrease. AK, MK, and RK were higher in HGG than LGG. ICVF increased in HGG, while ISO decreased. AK demonstrated the best diagnostic performance among all parameters, and kurtosis outperformed NODDI but not DTI. Combining these parameters did not yield a statistically significant improvement in diagnostic performance.ConclusionDTI, DKI, and NODDI approaches can differentiate between HGG and LGG; however, kurtosis parameters perform better and adding NODDI parameters does not improve diagnostic performance. Using multishell b‐value has not led to an increase in diagnostic performance.