bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of the burden of oral cancer in Sri Lanka and its inequalities in the face of contemporary economic and social malaise
Authors: Perera Irosha , Amarasinghe Hemantha , Jayasinghe Ruwan D. , Udayamalee Iresha , Jayasuriya Nadeena , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Johnson Newell W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesOver the past several decades, oral cancer has been the most common malignancy among Sri Lankan males and the top 10 cancer among females, disproportionately affecting low socio‐economic groups. Sri Lanka is a lower‐middle‐income developing country (LMIC), currently striking through an economic crisis, and social and political unrest. Occurring at an accessible body site and predominantly attributed to potentially modifiable health‐related behaviours, oral cancer should be preventable and controllable. Unfortunately, broader contextual factors that are socio‐cultural, environmental, economic, and political and mediated through social determinants of people's lives consistently hinder progress. Many LMICs with a high burden of oral cancer are now gripped by economic crises, consequent social and political unrest, all compounded by reduced public health investments. The aim of this review is to provide a critical commentary on key aspects of oral cancer epidemiology including inequalities, using Sri Lanka as a case study.MethodsThe review synthesizes evidence from multiple data sources, such as published studies, web‐based national cancer incidence data, national surveys on smokeless tobacco (ST) and areca nut use, smoking and alcohol consumption, poverty headcount ratios, economic growth, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) health expenditure. National trends in the oral cancer, ST use, smoking and alcohol consumption in Sri Lanka are identified alongside inequalities.ResultsUsing these evidence sources, we discuss ‘where are we now?’, together with the availability, accessibility and affordability of oral cancer treatment services, oral cancer prevention and control programmes, tobacco and alcohol control policies, and finally, outline macroeconomic perspectives of Sri Lanka.ConclusionsFinally, we speculate, ‘where to next?’ Our overarching goal of this review is to initiate a critical discourse on bridging the gaps and crossing the divides to tackle oral cancer inequalities in LMIC such as Sri Lanka.
Prioritizing global tall forests toward the 30 × 30 goals
Authors: Huang Qiongyu , Xu Jin , Wong Jesse Pan , Radeloff Volker C. , Songer Melissa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Global Deal for Nature sets an ambitious goal to protect 30% of Earth's land and ocean by 2030. The 30 × 30 initiative is a way to allocate conservation resources and extend protection to conserve vulnerable and underprotected ecosystems while reducing carbon emissions to combat climate change. However, most prioritization methods for identifying high‐value conservation areas are based on thematic attributes and do not consider vertical habitat structure. Global tall forests represent a rare vertical habitat structure that harbors high species richness in various taxonomic groups and is associated with large amounts of aboveground biomass. Global tall forests should be prioritized when planning global protected areas toward reaching the 30 × 30 goals. We examined the spatial distribution of global tall forests based on the Global Canopy Height 2020 product. We defined global tall forests as areas with the average canopy height above 3 thresholds (20, 25, and 30 m). We quantified the spatial distribution and protection level of global tall forests in high‐protection zones, where the 30 × 30 goals are being met or are within reach, and low‐protection zones, where there is a low chance of reaching 30 × 30 goals. We quantified the protection level by computing the percentage of global tall forest area protected based on the 2017 World Database on Protected Areas. We also determined the global extent and protection level of undisturbed, mature, tall forests based on the 2020 Global Intact Forest Landscapes mask. In most cases, the percentage of protection decreased as forest height reached the top strata. In the low‐protection zones, <30% of forests were protected in almost all tall forest strata. In countries such as Brazil, tall forests had a higher percentage of protection (consistently >30%) compared to forests of lower height, presenting a more effective conservation model than in countries such as the United States, where forest protection was almost uniformly <30% across height strata. Our results show an urgent need to target forest conservation in the greatest height strata, particularly in high‐protection areas, where most global tall forests are found. Vegetation vertical structure can inform the decision‐making process toward the 30 × 30 goals because it can be used to identify areas of high conservation value for biodiversity protection which also contribute to carbon sequestration.
Indicators to monitor the status of the tree of life
Authors: Gumbs Rikki , Chaudhary Abhishek , Daru Barnabas H. , Faith Daniel P. , Forest Félix , Gray Claudia L. , Kowalska Aida , Lee Who‐Seung , Pellens Roseli , Pipins Sebastian , Pollock Laura J. , Rosindell James , Scherson Rosa A. , Owen Nisha R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFollowing the failure to fully achieve any of the 20 Aichi biodiversity targets, the future of biodiversity rests in the balance. The Convention on Biological Diversity's Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) presents the opportunity to preserve nature's contributions to people (NCPs) for current and future generations by conserving biodiversity and averting extinctions. There is a need to safeguard the tree of life—the unique and shared evolutionary history of life on Earth—to maintain the benefits it bestows into the future. Two indicators have been adopted within the GBF to monitor progress toward safeguarding the tree of life: the phylogenetic diversity (PD) indicator and the evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered (EDGE) index. We applied both to the world's mammals, birds, and cycads to show their utility at the global and national scale. The PD indicator can be used to monitor the overall conservation status of large parts of the evolutionary tree of life, a measure of biodiversity's capacity to maintain NCPs for future generations. The EDGE index is used to monitor the performance of efforts to conserve the most distinctive species. The risk to PD of birds, cycads, and mammals increased, and mammals exhibited the greatest relative increase in threatened PD over time. These trends appeared robust to the choice of extinction risk weighting. EDGE species had predominantly worsening extinction risk. A greater proportion of EDGE mammals (12%) had increased extinction risk compared with threatened mammals in general (7%). By strengthening commitments to safeguarding the tree of life, biodiversity loss can be reduced and thus nature's capacity to provide benefits to humanity now and in the future can be preserved.
How reliable is restaging MRI after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer?
Authors: Gefen Rachel , Garoufalia Zoe , Horesh Nir , Freund Michael R. , Emile Sameh Hany , Parlade Albert , Berho Mariana , Allende Daniela , DaSilva Giovanna , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the pivotal role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer staging and evaluation, the reliability of restaging MRI after neoadjuvant therapy is still debatable. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of restaging MRI by comparing post‐neoadjuvant MRI findings with those of the final pathology.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of the medical records of adult rectal cancer patients who had restaging MRI following neoadjuvant therapy and prior to rectal cancer resection in a NAPRC‐certified rectal cancer centre between 2016 and 2021. The study compared findings of preoperative, post‐neoadjuvant MRI with final pathology relative to T stage, N stage, tumour size, and circumferential resection margin (CRM) status.ResultsA total of 126 patients were included in the study. We found fair concordance (kappa −0.316) for T stage between restaging MRI and pathology report, and slight concordance for N stage and CRM status (kappa −0.11, kappa = 0.089, respectively). Concordance rates were lower for patients following total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) or with a low rectal tumour. In total, 73% of patients with positive N pathology status had negative N status in the restaging MRI. Sensitivity and specificity regarding positive CRM in post‐neoadjuvant treatment MRI were 45.45% and 70.4%, respectively.ConclusionWe found low concordance levels between restaging MRI and pathology regarding TN stage and CRM status. Concordance levels were even lower for patients after TNT regimen and with a low rectal tumour. In the era of TNT and watch‐and‐wait approach, we should not rely solely on restaging MRI to make post‐neoadjuvant treatment decisions.
Anticipating where are unknown aquatic insects in Europe to improve biodiversity conservation
Authors: Sánchez‐Campaña Carlota , Múrria Cesc , Hermoso Virgilio , Sánchez‐Fernández David , Tierno de Figueroa J. Manuel , González Marcos , Millán Andrés , Moubayed Joel , Ivković Marija , Murányi Dávid , Graf Wolfram , Derka Tomáš , Mey Wolfram , Sipahiler Füsun , Pařil Petr , Polášková Vendula , Bonada Núria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding biodiversity patterns is crucial for prioritizing future conservation efforts and reducing the current rates of biodiversity loss. However, a large proportion of species remain undescribed (i.e. unknown biodiversity), hindering our ability to conduct this task. This phenomenon, known as the ‘Linnean shortfall’, is especially relevant in highly diverse, yet endangered, taxonomic groups, such as insects. Here we explore the distributions of recently described freshwater insect species in Europe to (1) infer the potential location of unknown biodiversity hotspots and (2) determine the variables that can anticipate the distribution of unknown biodiversity.LocationThe European continent, including western Russia, Cyprus and Turkey.MethodsGeoreferenced information of all sites where new aquatic insect species were described across Europe from 2000 to 2020 was compiled. In order to understand the observed spatial patterns in richness of recently described species, spatial units were defined (level 6 of HydroBASINS) and associated with a combination of a set of socioeconomic, environmental and sampling effort descriptors. A zero‐inflated Poisson regression approach was used to model the richness of newly described species within each spatial unit.ResultsNine hundred and sixty‐six recently described species were found: 398 Diptera, 362 Trichoptera, 105 Coleoptera, 66 Plecoptera, 28 Ephemeroptera, 3 Neuroptera, 2 Lepidoptera and 2 Odonata. The Mediterranean Basin was the region with the highest number of recently described species (74%). The richness of recently described species per spatial unit across Europe was highest at mid‐elevation areas (between 400 and 1000 m), latitudes between 40 and 50° and in areas with yearly average precipitation levels of 500–1000 mm, a medium intensity of sampling effort and low population density. The percentage of protected areas in each study unit was not significantly related to the richness of recently described species. In fact, 70% of the species were found outside protected areas.Main conclusionsThe results highlight the urgent need to concentrate conservation efforts in freshwater ecosystems located at mid‐altitude areas and out of protected areas across the Mediterranean Basin. The highest number of newly described species in those areas indicates that further monitoring efforts are required to ensure the aquatic biodiversity is adequately known and managed within a context of growing human impacts in freshwater ecosystems.
A blended future? A cross‐sectional study demonstrating the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on student experiences of well‐being, teaching and learning
Authors: Chilton John K. , Hanks Sally , Watson Helen R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated emergency changes to teaching, learning and assessment across higher education. Healthcare courses were particularly affected because of their interdependence with overstretched health services. We used this unprecedented situation to provide insight into how students react to unexpected crises and how institutions can most effectively support them.Materials and MethodsThis cohort study explored students' experiences of the pandemic across programmes and stages from five schools (medicine, dentistry, biomedical sciences, psychology and health professions) in a health faculty in a UK university. We carried out an inductive thematic analysis on the data collected.ResultsMany students reported fluctuating emotions and struggled to adapt to home working. Students' changes in motivation and coping strategies varied, many found structure, recreation and social interaction important. Opinions on how well online learning worked relative to face‐to‐face diverged across programmes.ConclusionA one‐size‐fits‐all blended learning response is unlikely to be appropriate. Our study shows students across one faculty, within one institution, responded diversely to an emergency affecting them all. Educators need to be flexible and dynamic in delivering curricula and supporting students responding to an unexpected crisis during their higher education.
Age and an obesogenic diet affect mouse behaviour in a sex‐dependent manner
Authors: Mort Emily J. , Fordington Surina , Heritage Sophie , Fowden Abigail L. , Jones Susan , Camm Emily J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObesity is rising globally and is associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders among children, adolescents and young adults. Whether obesity is the cause or the consequence of these disorders remains unclear. To examine the behavioural effects of obesity systematically, locomotion, anxiety and social behaviour were assessed in male and female C57Bl/6J mice using the open field, elevated plus maze and social preference task. First, the effects of age and sex were examined in control mice, before investigating post‐weaning consumption of a high fat–high sugar diet commonly consumed in human populations with high rates of obesity. In the open field and elevated plus maze, locomotor activity and anxiety‐related behaviours reduced with aging in both sexes, but with different sex‐specific profiles. The high fat–high sugar diet reduced food and calorie intake and increased body mass and fat deposition in both sexes. In the open field, both male and female mice on the obesogenic diet showed reduced locomotion; whereas, in the elevated plus maze, only females fed with the obesogenic diet displayed reduced anxiety‐related behaviours. Both male and female mice on the obesogenic diet had a significantly higher social preference index than the control group. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that the behavioural effects of age and diet‐induced obesity all depend on the sex of the mouse. This emphasises the importance of considering the age of the animal and including both sexes when assessing behavioural phenotypes arising from dietary manipulations.
Crisis risk and risk management
Authors: Stulz René M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe assess the state of knowledge about crisis risk and its implications for risk management. Data that became available after the global financial crisis show that some types of crises are predictable when accounting for interactions between risks. However, other types of crises do not seem predictable. There is no evidence that the frequency of economic and financial crises is increasing. While data show that an economic crisis is more likely following a political crisis, there is no comparable evidence for climate events. Strategies that increase firm operational and financial flexibility reduce the adverse impact of crises on firms.
Navigating uncertainty: The resilience of third‐sector organizations and socially oriented small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Liñares‐Zegarra José M. , Wilson John O. S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on U.K. third‐sector (nonprofit organizations and social enterprises) and socially oriented small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), and provides insights regarding their organizational resilience. Using data from the Longitudinal Small Business Survey, the results of an extensive empirical analysis suggest that relative to commercial (for‐profit) SMEs, social enterprises were less likely, and socially oriented SMEs more likely to perceive the pandemic as an obstacle to business success. Third‐sector and socially oriented SMEs were more likely to increase their activities compared to commercial SMEs. Moreover, the COVID‐19 pandemic appears to have had a differential impact on the future plans of third‐sector and socially oriented SMEs relative to commercial SMEs. Third‐sector organizations were less likely to use government‐backed loans, suggesting a need for alternative forms of support or financing to weather economic disruptions. Overall, our analysis suggests a resiliency and versatility among third‐sector and socially oriented SMEs in dealing with unexpected and significant external shocks.
The attachment adaptation process model: Developing attachment security after experiencing addiction in the family
Authors: Coffman Everette , Swank Jacqueline , Bayne Hannah B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore the adaptation processes of building attachment security later in life when one's attachment style has been affected by growing up in a household with a parent who uses substances.BackgroundParental substance use may have negative effects on children who grow up in those homes, including developing an insecure attachment style. Limited studies have focused on adult children of alcoholics/addicts' (ACOAs) attachment adaptation processes into adulthood.MethodUsing a constructivist grounded theory approach, we explored the process ACOA's use to build attachment security. The first author interviewed 14 participants using a semistructured interview format through the video conferencing platform Zoom.ResultsThrough analysis of the data, we identified a four‐phase process: (a) confusion, (b) transition, (c) restoration, and (d) dedication. This information provides a framework to show clients the attachment adaptation process model (AAPM), developed in this study, and helps them to visualize the process by which they may learn to develop more attachment security.ConclusionACOAs may incur adverse experiences in childhood that influence their attachment development later in life. The researchers in this study built a model of how ACOAs build attachment security later in life.ImplicationsPractitioners can help clients connect with community support groups, places of worship, and other small groups that the participants identified as instrumental in the healing process. Overall, helping clients find a place for safe and healthy connections is crucial during their journey to attachment security.
To moonlight or not to moonlight: The role of organisational commitment dimensions in secondary employment decisions among higher education teachers
Authors: Sai Manogna Bommakanti , Swamy T. N. V. R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aims to explore the relationship between organisational commitment dimensions and moonlighting intentions. Using a sample of 189 teachers from various higher educational institutions (HEIs), the study employs Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to examine the impact of organisational commitment dimensions (affective, continuance, normative) on moonlighting intentions. The results of the study indicate a negative relationship between organisational commitment dimensions and moonlighting intentions, suggesting that higher education institutions can reduce moonlighting intentions among faculty members by fostering a positive work environment that promotes organisational commitment. The findings of this study have implications for organisations, as they suggest that increasing employees' affective and normative commitments decrease their intentions to engage in moonlighting. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of understanding the antecedents of moonlighting intentions, as it can help organisations to implement policies and practices that reduce the likelihood of employee moonlighting.
Structural, optical, microstructure, and giant dielectric behavior of parent, Cu and Sr doped La0.55Li0.35TiO3‐δ
Authors: Siddiqui Saiqua , Singh Divyanshu , Singh Priyanka , Singh Brajendra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptimization of energy storage performance in dielectric ceramics has been a focus in recent decades due to the benefits of high energy storage density, efficiency, and exceptional temperature stability. In this work, we report huge dielectric constant in La0.55Li0.35TiO3‐δand sharp decrease in its value with the substitution of Sr and Cu at Ti position. These samples La0.55Li0.35TiO3‐δ(LLTO), La0.55Li0.35Ti0.9Cu0.1O3‐δ(LLTCO) and La0.55Li0.35Sr0.1Ti0.9O3‐δ(LLSTO) were prepared by solid state reaction method. The interfacial polarization of lithium ion aggregation close to the grain boundaries and the dipoles of Li ions in the sample are suggested to be the source of the enormous dielectric values. Parent composition (LLTO) shows highest dielectric constant value (6.29 × 105at frequency 10 Hz, 7.30×104at 1 kHz) recorded at room temperature while the lowest dielectric loss value (0.124) was observed for LLSTO at frequency 1 kHz. Structural characterization has been done using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique to investigate the crystal structure of the prepared compositions. The XRD patterns show the similar crystal structure for all the compositions with the parent composition LLTO. The optical band gap is calculated by Kulbeka Munk function and Tauc plot using UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technique. The maximum band gap value (3.32 eV) is obtained for parent composition while doping of Cu and Sr at Ti site in La0.55Li0.35TiO3‐δdecreases the band gap value. Optical microscopy shows the micron size grains in these samples. Doping of Sr and Cu in perovskite structure of LLTO brings tunability in dielectric and optical properties.
Joint analysis of WES and RNA‐Seq identify signature genes related to metastasis in prostate cancer
Authors: Xiang Chongjun , Li Yue , Wang Wenting , Tao Huiying , Liang Ning , Wu Shuang , Yu Tianxi , Cui Xin , Xie Yaqi , Zuo Hongwei , Lin Chunhua , Xu Fuyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) has a certain degree of heritability, and metastasis occurs as cancer progresses. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We sequenced four cases of cancer without metastasis, four metastatic cancer, and four benign hyperplasia tissues as controls. A total of 1839 damaging mutations were identified. Pathway analysis, gene clustering, and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis were employed to find characteristics associated with metastasis. Chr19 had the most mutation density and 1p36 had the highest mutation frequency across the genome. These mutations occurred in 1630 genes, including the most frequently mutated genes TTN and PLEC, and dozens of metastasis‐related genes, such as FOXA1, NCOA1, CD34, and BRCA2. Ras signalling and arachidonic acid metabolism were uniquely enriched in metastatic cancer. Gene programmes 10 and 11 showed the signatures indicating the occurrence of metastasis better. A module (135 genes) was specifically associated with metastasis. Of them, 67.41% reoccurred in program 10, with 26 genes further retained as the signature genes related to PCa metastasis, including AGR3, RAPH1, SOX14, DPEP1, and UBL4A. Our study provides new molecular perspectives on PCa metastasis. The signature genes and pathways could be served as potential therapeutic targets for metastasis or cancer progression.