bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of mortality in nursing home residents: a 2-year prospective longitudinal study.
Authors: Escribà-Salvans Anna , Jerez-Roig Javier , Farrés-Godayol Pau , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra , Skelton Dawn A , Minobes-Molina Eduard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The age, multimorbidity, immunodeficiency and frailty of older people living in nursing homes make them vulnerable to COVID-19 and to mortality in general. For this reason, our objective is to verify the incidence of general and COVID-19 mortality and to analyse its predictive factors in older people living in nursing homes over a 2-year period.
Methods
A two-year prospective longitudinal multicenter study was carried out in 5 nursing homes in Central Catalonia (Spain) between 2020 and 2022. Date and causes of deaths were recorded. In addition, sociodemographic and health data were collected. For the effect of mortality, survival curves were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis using Cox regression.
Results
The total sample of 125 subjects had a mean age of 85.10 years (standard deviation = 7.3). A total of 59 (47.2%) deaths were recorded at 24 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.6–55.9) and 25 (20.0%) were due to COVID-19 most in first 3 months. In the multivariate analysis, functional impairment (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.33–4.32, p = 0.003) was a significant risk factor for mortality independently of age (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.69-2.00, p = 0.549) and risk of sarcopenia (HR: 1.40, 95% CI, 0.63–3.12, p = 0.403).
Conclusions
Nearly half of this sample of nursing home residents died within the 2-year period, and 20% were attributed to COVID-19. Functional impairment was a risk factor for overall mortality and COVID-19 mortality, independent of age and risk of sarcopenia.
Stability prediction of the toppling rock slope on the Heihe reservoir bank using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis
Authors: Haider Mumtaz , Yuan Sifan , Li Tonglu , Liu ●	Yinpeng , Lawrence David Darnor , Khan ●	Raja Khurram Mahmood 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Serological response following COVID-19 vaccines in patients living with HIV: a dose-response meta- analysis
Authors: Zhou Qian , Zeng Furong , Meng Yu , Liu Yihuang , Liu Hong , Deng Guangtong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Conclusions: We concluded that vaccine doses were associated with consistently improved the rate and risk ratio of seroconversion in patients living with HIV, highlighting the significance of booster vaccination for patients living with HIV.
Objective: To quantify the pooled rate and risk ratio of seroconversion following the uncomplete, complete, or booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines in patients living with HIV.
Method: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane library were searched for eligible studies published from inception to 13th, September 2022. The pooled rate and risk ratio of seroconversion were assessed using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine method and Mantel-Haenszel approach, respectively. Random-effects model was preferentially used as the primary approach to pool results across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022359603).
Results: In this meta-analysis, we comprehensively analyzed 50 studies with a total of 7160 patients living with HIV. We demonstrated that only 75.0% (56.4% to 89.9%) patients living with HIV achieved a seroconversion after uncomplete vaccination, which improved to 89.3% (84.2% to 93.5%) after complete vaccination, and 98.4% (94.8% to 100%) after booster vaccination. The seroconversion rates were significantly lower compared to controls at all the stages, while the risk ratios for uncomplete, complete, and booster vaccination were 0.87 (0.77 to 0.99), 0.95 (0.92 to 0.98), and 0.97 (0.94 to 0.99), respectively. Notably, meta-regression and subgroup analyses suggested that year of publication, study location and vaccine type could cause the difference of the pooled rate or risk ratio of seroconversion for patients living with HIV after complete vaccination. Sensitivity analysis did not much change the results.
Conclusions: We concluded that vaccine doses were associated with consistently improved the rate and risk ratio of seroconversion in patients living with HIV, highlighting the significance of booster vaccination for patients living with HIV.
Investigating artificial neural networks versus regression models in predicting Myocardial Infarction (MI) mortality based on climatic elements in Sanandaj city, Iran
Authors: Salahi Bromand , Hosseini Seyed Asaad , Mohammadpour Kaweh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

In the present study, to analyze the relationship between mortality due to Myocardial Infarction (MI) with climatic parameters and its prediction, the ability of artificial neural network models, and linear and nonlinear regression in Sanandaj was evaluated. The study population in this study is the total number of monthly deaths due to myocardial infarction (MI) in Sanandaj city and also the data related to the climatic variables of Sanandaj synoptic station during the statistical period 2014–2018. Variables such as mean monthly temperature, mean minimum, and maximum monthly temperature, average monthly minimum and maximum station air pressure (QFE), total hours of sunshine, and several days with minimum temperature, equal to or below zero and the output of the models is the total number of monthly deaths due to MI in Sanandaj city. The results showed that there is a nonlinear relationship between the total number of monthly deaths due to MI and climatic parameters in Sanandaj, Which can be measured and predicted only by an artificial neural network (ANNs) model, and multiple linear and nonlinear regression models do not have the necessary efficiency in this field.
In Search Of The “Social” In Psychosocial Stress: An EEG Source Imaging Study
Authors: Vanhollebeke Gert , Kappen Mitchel , De Raedt Rudi , Baeken Chris , Mierlo Pieter van , Vanderhasselt Marie-Anne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The usage of EEG to uncover the influence of psychosocial stressors (PSSs) on neural activity has gained significant attention throughout recent years, but the results are often troubled by confounding stressor types. To investigate the effect of PSSs alone on neural activity, we employed a paradigm where participants are exposed to negative peer comparison as PSS, while other possible stressors are kept constant, and compared this with a condition where participants received neutral feedback. We analyzed commonly used sensor level EEG indices (frontal theta, alpha, and beta power) and further investigated whether source level power and functional connectivity measures, which have to our knowledge not yet been used, are more sensitive to PSSs than sensor level-derived EEG measures. Our results show that on sensor level, no significant frontal power changes are present (allp’s > 0.16), indicating that frontal power measures are not sensitive enough to be affected by only PSSs. On source level, we find increased alpha power in the left- and right precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex (allp’s < 0.03) and increased functional connectivity between the left- and right precuneus (p < 0.001), indicating that acute, trial based PSSs lead to decreased precuneus/PCC activity, and possibly indicates a temporary disruption in the self-referential neural processes of an individual.
Machine learning and metagenomics enhance surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in chicken production in China
Authors: Baker Michelle , Zhang Xibin , Guerra Alexandre Maciel , Dong Yinping , Wang Wei , Hu Yujie , Renney David , Hu Yue , Liu Longhai , Li Hui , Tong Zhiqin , Zhang Meimei , Geng Yingzhi , Zhao Li , Hao Zhihui , Senin Nicola , Chen Junshi , Peng Zixin , Li Fengqin , Dottorini Tania 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in livestock production is associated with the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). China is the largest consumer of antimicrobials and improving AMR surveillance methods may help inform intervention. Here, we report the surveillance of ten large-scale chicken farms and four connected abattoirs from three Chinese provinces, over 2.5 years. By using a bespoke data-mining approach based on machine learning, we analysed microbiomes and resistomes from birds, carcasses and environments. We found that a core subset of the chicken gut resistome and microbiome, featuring clinically relevant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes correlates with AMR profiles of Escherichia coli colonizing the gut. This core is itself influenced by environmental temperature and humidity, contains clinically relevant mobile ARGs shared by chickens and environments, and correlates with antimicrobial usage. Our findings indicate a viable route to optimize AMR surveillance in livestock production.
Single-camera PTV within interfacially sheared drops in microgravity
Authors: McMackin Patrick , Adam Joe , Riley Frank , Hirsa Amir 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Development of experimental methods for in situ particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is fundamental for allowing measurement of moving systems non-tailored for velocimetry. This investigation focuses on the development of a post-processing methodology for single-camera PTV, without laser-sheet illumination, tracking native air-bubbles as tracer particles within a liquid drop of human insulin in microgravity. This PTV scenario was facilitated by microgravity technology known as the ring-sheared drop (RSD), aboard the International Space Station, which produced an optical imaging scenario and fluid flow geometry suitable as a testbed for PTV research. The post processing methodology performed included five steps: (i) physical system characterization and native air-bubble tracer identification, (ii) image projection and single-camera calibration, (iii) depth determination and 3D particle position determination, (iv) ray tracing and refraction correction, and (v) particle history and data expansion for suboptimal particles. Overall, this post processing methodology successfully allowed for a total of 1,085 particle measurements in a scenario where none were previously possible. Such post processing methodologies have promise for application to other in situ PTV scenarios allowing better understanding of physical systems whose flow is difficult to measure and or where PTV-specific optical elements (such as laser lights sheets and dual camera setups) are not permissible due to physical or safety constraints.
A Bilateral Aberrant Suprascapular Artery Associated with Neurovascular Structures Multiplication
Authors: Piagkou Maria , Tsakotos George , Chytas Dimitrios , Totlis Trifon , Triantafyllou George , Panagiotopoulos Nikitas-Apollon , Tousia Athina , Natsis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose The current report describes a rare bilateral suprascapular artery (SPSA) of ectopic origin. Coexisted neurovascular aberrant structures were also identified and considered from a clinical point of view.
Methods The variants were identified in a 91-year-old formalin-embalmed male cadaver, derived from a body donation program after a signed informed consent.
Results In the left axilla, the SPSA emanated from the 1st part of the axillary artery, coursed between the brachial plexus lateral and medial cords, accompanied by the suprascapular nerve, and passed below the superior transverse scapular ligament. Ipsilateral coexisted variants were the lateral thoracic artery multiplication, the subscapular artery division into multiple branches, and the musculocutaneous nerve and the median nerve lateral root duplication. In the right supraclavicular area, a SPSA duplication was identified. The main artery emanated from the thyrocervical trunk in common with the transverse cervical artery and the accessory one from the dorsal scapular artery. Both SPSAs coursed over the superior transverse scapular ligament, while the suprascapular nerve ran below the superior transverse scapular ligament.
Conclusions The SPSA atypical origin, course and location is clinically important, as the artery is usually identified and ligated during surgery. The SPSA atypical course below the superior transverse scapular ligament may be a risk factor for the suprascapular nerve compression.
Moonlight and predation risk: does vegetation cover mediate the behaviour of small mammals and their predators?
Authors: Taylor Pip , Swan Matthew , Sitters Holly , Smith Amy , Stefano Julian Di 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Predation risk drives prey species behaviour, and risk-adverse behaviour (e.g. reduced activity) can be triggered by indirect indicators of predation risk such as moonlight illumination. Furthermore, the influence of moonlight on prey may depend on other factors that affect predation risk, such as vegetation cover. We used camera trap data from 154 sites in southwestern Victoria, Australia, to test the capacity of three hypotheses (predation risk, habitat-mediated predation risk and visual acuity) to explain the influence of moonlight and vegetation cover on the activity of seven small–medium sized (20 - 2500 grams) mammalian prey species and two introduced predators, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus). All prey species reduced their activity with increasing moonlight while only one species (the bush rat, Rattus fuscipes) reduced its activity in response to increasing moonlight more sharply in low compared to high vegetation cover. Neither predator species responded to moonlight. Our findings strongly support the predation risk hypothesis, provide limited support for the habitat mediated predation risk hypothesis, and do not support for the visual acuity hypothesis. For prey, the perceived costs of increased predation risk on moonlit nights outweighed any potential benefits of a brighter foraging environment.
Effect of Lanthanum Doping on the Structure and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Vanadium Pentoxide Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Abdelrazek M. M. , Hannora Ahmed E. , Kamel Rasha M. , Morad Ibrahim , El-Desoky M. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The structural and optical properties of lanthanum oxide doped nanocrystalline vanadium pentoxide films with the chemical composition xLa2O3-(1-x)V2O5.nH2O (where x = 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mole%) prepared by sol-gel method were studied. The XRD analysis also reVealed that the (002) line is noticeable in the pure film and gets sharper by the addition of Lanthanum, which indicates a layer of intercalation between the vanadium layers. The average crystallite size decreased with increasing Lanthanum content from 4.45 nm to 3.57 nm. By using double-beam UV-VIS spectrophotometers, the optical properties were studied by measuring the absorption, reflectance and transmittance of the prepared films. Some optical parameters like absorption coefficient α, dispersion energy parameters, refractive index n, optical band gap Eop for various transition mechanisms, real parts and imaginary part of the dielectric constants and effective mass were calculated. The absorption coefficient slightly increases with increasing La content, which can be attributed to the increasing of lattice distortion as a result of crystallite size increasing as indicated in the XRD. The transition mechanism was found to be indirect allowed type with optical band gap Eop increasing relative to the La content. By assuming hydrogen like model, the carrier’s contents N were deduced. The absorption spectrum behavior in visible and UV region suggests a promising solution for solar cells and optical-electronic applications.
Optimization of information transmission through a noisy biochemical pathway explains the choice of reaction rates
Authors: Mahajan Anush , Ghosh Bhaswar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Living organisms are required to sense the environment accurately in order to ensure appropriate responses. The accuracy of estimating the environmental input is severely limited by noise stemming from inherent stochasticity of the chemical reactions involved in signaling pathways. Cells employ multiple strategies to improve the accuracy by tuning the reaction rates, for instance amplifying the response, reducing the noise etc.. However, the pathway also consumes energy through incorporating ATP in phosphorylating key signaling proteins involved in the reaction pathways. In many instances, improvements in accuracy elicit extra energetic cost. For example, higher deactivation rate suppresses the basal pathway activity effectively amplifying the dynamic range of the response which leads to improvement in accuracy. Higher deactivation rate also enhances the energy dissipation rate. Here, we employed a theoretical approach based on thermodynamics of information to explore the role of accuracy and energetic cost in the performance of a Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase signaling system. Our study shows that the accuracy-energy trade-off can explain the optimality of the reaction rates of the reaction pathways rather than accuracy alone. Our analysis elucidates the role of interplay between accuracy and energetic cost in evolutionary shaping of the parameter space of signaling pathways.
Network pharmacology‑based investigation of potential targets of Triptonodiol acting on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jin Feng , Ni Xiaochen , Yu Shilong , Jiang Xiaomin , Zhou Jun , Mao Defang , Liu Yanqing , Wu Feng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
COE is a very promising anti-tumor drug candidate extracted from the Chinese herbal, Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb, and many related studies are underway. Methods: To explore the mechanism of Triptonodiol for lung cancer treatment, we used network pharmacology and molecular docking, and ultimately protein validation. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed through David database. molecular docking was performed using PyMoL2.3.0 and AutoDock Vina software. After screening, the major targets of Triptonodiol were identified for the treatment of lung cancer. Target networks were established and PPI network topology was analyzed, Then KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed. Useful proteins were screened by survival analysis and Western Bolt analysis was performed. Results: Triptonodiol may regulate cell proliferation, drug resistance, MTOR, etc. by acting on GSK3B, AKT1, PIK3CA, HSP90AA1, MTOR glucose metabolism and other processes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these targets were associated with tumor, PI3K signaling, ERBB signaling, insulin resistance, calcium signaling, etc. Molecular docking showed that the target protein GSK has good binding activity to the main active component of Triptonodiol. The results of cellular studies showed that Triptonodiol significantly reduced GSK3B levels in lung cancer cells H1299 and A549. Conclusion: The cellular level studies combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches provide new ideas for the development and therapeutic application of Triptonodiol, and identified it as a potential GSK inhibitor.
Relationship between disability in activities of daily living and phase angle in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Li Junhui , Wang Zhi , Zhang Huiping , Zhang Qiannan , Shen Yuxin , Zhang Qi , Jian Guihua , Cheng Dongsheng , Wang Niansong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: To investigate the prevalence of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) in hemodialysis patients and its relationship withphase angle (PhA).
Methods: Maintenance hemodialysis patients between November 2019 and January 2020 in a Chinese university hospital were enrolled. Physical function was measured by the basic ADL (BADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) scales. The association of disability in ADL with PhA was identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze PhA and to determine the optimal cut-off value of PhA for disability in ADL.
Results: This study included 237 hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 60.01 ± 13.55 years. The prevalence of disability in ADL was 43.5%. According to the multivariable analysis, which took age, sex, body mass index, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and duration of dialysis into account, low PhA was shown to be strongly associated with disability in BADL and IADL (per unit decrease of PhA: odds ratio 4.37 [95% CI: 2.49–7.63], and 3.19 [95% CI: 2.03–5.05], respectively). The optimal cut-off values of PhA for disability in BADL and IADL were 4.8 and 5.4, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.783 (0.727, 0.835) and 0.799 (0.743, 0.848), respectively. Additionally, females had higher AUC values than males.
Conclusions: Low PhA is strongly associated with disability in ADL in hemodialysis patients. Moreover, PhA is helpful in screening for disability in ADL.
Second-line antiretroviral therapy adherence and associated factors among adults living with HIV in Dessie City administration public hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Mohammed Misku , Abeje Gedefaw , Kebede Natnael , Mohammed Tofik , Ahmed Kemal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Adherence is a strong predictor of second-line treatment failure. Second-line treatment failure results in increased morbidity and mortality for HIV-positive patients and is a risk factor for HIV transmission, including drug-resistant strains. Patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens need third-line antiretroviral drugs, which are too costly for sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, understanding patients’ second-line antiretroviral drug adherence level and associated factors has a significant impact on preventing and managing poor adherence-associated complications. There is limited information on this topic in Ethiopia, particularly in the current study area.
Objective
The main aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of second-line antiretroviral therapy adherence and associated factors among adults living with HIV in Dessie City administration public hospitals, North East Ethiopia, 2021.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 25 - April 30, 2021, on 394 patients on second-line ART. A systematic random sampling technique was used to identify the study participants. Data were collected by using a pretested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-data version 4.2 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 for further analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. In the bivariable binary logistic regression analysis, variables with p values less than 0.25 were candidates for multivariable binary logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals with p values < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance in the multivariable binary logistic regression.
Results
In this study, 66.8% (95% CI: 61.9%, 71.3%) of patients on second-line ART had good adherence to their ART medication. Having an adherence supporter (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.65, 4.75), having a good first-line ART adherence history (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.43, 7.69), being male (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.78), having a history of substance use (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.55) and having ever missed their visit (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.86) were independently associated with the second-line ART adherence level.
Conclusion and Recommendation:
The magnitude of good adherence to second-line ART drugs was low. Being male, having support from an adherence supporter, having a history of substance use, having a good first-line adherence history and having a history of ever missing their visit were independently associated with second-line ART adherence. It is important to strengthen adherence strategies at both the facility and community levels by assisting patients who are likely to miss appointments and promoting social support.