bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of sedation using propofol vs. midazolam in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Shibahashi Keita , Hifumi Toru , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Inoue Akihiko , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Yasuhiro Kuroda ,   the SAVE-J II study group, Sawano Hirotaka , Egawa Yuko , Kato Shunichi , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Tanabe Maki , Bunya Naofumi , Kasai Takehiko , Ijuin Shinichi , Nakayama Shinichi , Kanda Jun , Kanou Seiya , Takiguchi Toru , Yokobori Shoji , Takada Hiroaki , Inoue Kazushige , Takeuchi Ichiro , Honzawa Hiroshi , Kobayashi Makoto , Hamagami Tomohiro , Takayama Wataru , Otomo Yasuhiro , Maekawa Kunihiko , Shimizu Takafumi , Nara Satoshi , Nasu Michitaka , Takahashi Kuniko , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Kushimoto Shigeki , Fukuda Reo , Ogura Takayuki , Shiraishi Shin-ichiro , Zushi Ryosuke , Otani Norio , Okamoto Hiroshi , Kikuchi Migaku , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nakagami Takuo , Shoko Tomohisa , Kitamura Nobuya , Otani Takayuki , Matsuoka Yoshinori , Aoki Makoto , Sakuraya Masaaki , Arimoto Hideki , Homma Koichiro , Naito Hiromichi , Nakao Shunichiro , Okazaki Tomoya , Kunikata Jun , Yokoi Hideto , Tahara Yoshio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsOptimal sedation regimens for patients after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) remain unclear. This study compared the outcomes of patients who received propofol and midazolam for sedation post-ECPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort study analysed data from the Study of Advanced Life Support for Ventricular Fibrillation with Extracorporeal Circulation in Japan, including patients admitted to 36 intensive care units (ICUs) in Japan post-ECPR for OHCA of cardiac aetiology between 2013 and 2018. One-to-one propensity score-matched analysis compared outcomes between patients post-ECPR for OHCA who received exclusive treatment with a continuous propofol infusion (propofol users) and those who received exclusive treatment with a continuous midazolam infusion (midazolam users). The cumulative incidence and competing risk methodology were used to compare the time to liberation from mechanical ventilation and ICU discharge. Propensity score matching created 109 matched pairs of propofol and midazolam users with balanced baseline characteristics. Competing risk analysis for the 30-day ICU period showed no significant difference in the probability of liberation from mechanical ventilation (0.431 vs. 0.422, P = 0.882) and ICU discharge (0.477 vs. 0.440, P = 0.634). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the proportion of 30-day survival (0.399 vs. 0.398, P = 0.999), 30-day favourable neurological outcome (0.176 vs. 0.185, P = 0.999), and vasopressor requirement within 24-h post-ICU admission (0.651 vs. 0.670, P = 0.784).ConclusionThis multicentre cohort study revealed no significant differences in mechanical ventilation duration, ICU stay length, survival, neurological outcomes, and vasopressor requirement between propofol and midazolam users admitted to the ICU after ECPR for OHCA.
Smooth muscle αv integrins regulate vascular fibrosis via CD109 downregulation of TGF-β signalling
Authors: Li Zhenlin , Belozertseva Ekaterina , Parlakian Ara , Bascetin Rümeyza , Louis Huguette , Kawamura Yuki , Blanc Jocelyne , Gao-Li Jacqueline , Pinet Florence , Lacy-Hulbert Adam , Challande Pascal , Humphrey Jay D , Regnault Veronique , Lacolley Patrick 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
αv integrins are implicated in fibrosis in a number of organs through their ability to activate TGF-β. However their role in vascular fibrosis and collagen accumulation is only partially understood. Here we have used αv conditional knockout mice and cell lines to determine how αv contributes to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function in vascular fibrosis and the role of TGF-β in that process.

Methods and results
Angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment causes upregulation of αv and β3 expression in the vessel wall, associated with increased collagen deposition. We found that deletion of αv integrin subunit from VSMCs (αvSMKO) protected mice against angiotensin II-induced collagen production and assembly. Transcriptomic analysis of the vessel wall in αvSMKO mice and controls identified a significant reduction in expression of fibrosis and related genes in αvSMKO mice. In contrast, αvSMKO mice showed prolonged expression of CD109, which is known to affect TGF-β signalling. Using cultured mouse and human VSMCs, we showed that overexpression of CD109 phenocopied knockdown of αv integrin, attenuating collagen expression, TGF-β activation, and Smad2/3 signalling in response to angiotensin II or TGF-β stimulation. CD109 and TGF-β receptor were internalized in early endosomes.

Conclusion
We identify a role for VSMC αv integrin in vascular fibrosis and show that αv acts in concert with CD109 to regulate TGF-β signalling.
Gut microbiome and risk of ischaemic stroke: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Meng Changjiang , Deng Peizhi , Miao Rujia , Tang Haibo , Li Yalan , Wang Jie , Wu Jingjing , Wang Wei , Liu Shiqi , Xia Jian , Lu Yao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
Increasing evidence implicates the microbiome as a susceptibility factor for ischaemic stroke (IS). Interpretation of this evidence is difficult, for the composition of the microbiome is influenced by various factors and might affect differently in IS subtypes. We aim to determine if the specific gut microbiome is causally associated with IS subtypes and suggest potential approaches for stroke prevention.

Methods and results
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test the causal relationship between gut microbiome and IS subtypes. For exposure data, we extracted genetic variants associated with 194 bacterial traits from MiBioGen consortium (n = 18 340). For outcomes, we selected three IS subtypes including cardioembolic stroke (CES, n = 410 484), small vessel stroke (SVS, n = 198 048), and large artery stroke (LAS, n = 198 048). Additionally, we performed a sequence of sensitivity analyses to validate preliminary MR results. There were four, three, and four bacteria showing an increased risk for LAS, SVS, and CES, respectively, and there were five, six, and five bacteria leading a decreasing risk for LAS, SVS, and CES, respectively. Amongst these, the genus_Intestinimonas showed negative associations with LAS [odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.61–0.98)] and SVS (0.85, 0.73–0.98). The genus_LachnospiraceaeNK4A136group was genetically associated with decreased risk of both SVS (0.81, 0.66–0.99) and CES (0.75, 0.60–0.94).

Conclusion
The study revealed the causal effect of the abundance of specific bacterial features on the risk of IS subtypes. Notably, genus_Intestinimonas and genus_LachnospiraceaeNK4A136group displayed significant protection against more than one IS subtype, further suggesting potential applications of targeted probiotics in IS prevention.
A guide to current methodology and usage of reverse vaccinology towards in silico vaccine discovery
Authors: Goodswen Stephen J , Kennedy Paul J , Ellis John T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Reverse vaccinology (RV) was described at its inception in 2000 as an in silico process that starts from the genomic sequence of the pathogen and ends with a list of potential protein and/or peptide candidates to be experimentally validated for vaccine development. Twenty-two years later, this process has evolved from a few steps entailing a handful of bioinformatics tools to a multitude of steps with a plethora of tools. Other in silico related processes with overlapping workflow steps have also emerged with terms such as subtractive proteomics, computational vaccinology, and immunoinformatics. From the perspective of a new RV practitioner, determining the appropriate workflow steps and bioinformatics tools can be a time consuming and overwhelming task, given the number of choices. This review presents the current understanding of RV and its usage in the research community as determined by a comprehensive survey of scientific papers published in the last seven years. We believe the current mainstream workflow steps and tools presented here will be a valuable guideline for all researchers wanting to apply an up-to-date in silico vaccine discovery process.
Utopia in Late Modernity: Literary Critiques of the ‘Neapolitan Renaissance’
Authors: Glynn Ruth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Naples in the 1990s enjoyed an extraordinary period of urban and cultural renewal known as the ‘Neapolitan Renaissance’. This article addresses two novels – Giuseppe Montesano’s Di questa vita menzognera (2003) and Ruggero Cappuccio’s Fuoco su Napoli (2010) – which alert us to the utopianism of the cultural and ‘symbolic politics’ of the Neapolitan Renaissance and its vulnerability to exploitation. Lending credence to the idea that utopian fantasies grow out of the societies to which they are a response, both works envisage post-apocalyptic events leading to the reconstruction of Naples as a theme park, on the part of organized crime. They interrogate the imbrication of the Neapolitan Renaissance with the criminalization of global capital and the populist politics of Berlusconi at the national level. In so doing, they exemplify Ruth Levitas’s distinction between utopia as product and utopia as process, while exploring utopia’s contemporary manifestation as postmodern pastiche or retrotopian romance.
N-acetylcysteine and cysteamine bitartrate prevent azide-induced neuromuscular decompensation by restoring glutathione balance in two novel surf1
−/− zebrafish deletion models of Leigh syndrome
Authors: Haroon Suraiya , Yoon Heeyong , Seiler Christoph , Osei-Frimpong Bruce , He Jie , Nair Rohini M , Mathew Neal D , Burg Leonard , Kose Melis , Venkata Chavali R M , Anderson Vernon E , Nakamaru-Ogiso Eiko , Falk Marni J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
SURF1 deficiency (OMIM # 220110) causes Leigh syndrome (LS, OMIM # 256000), a mitochondrial disorder typified by stress-induced metabolic strokes, neurodevelopmental regression and progressive multisystem dysfunction. Here, we describe two novel surf1−/− zebrafish knockout models generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. While gross larval morphology, fertility, and survival into adulthood appeared unaffected, surf1−/− mutants manifested adult-onset ocular anomalies and decreased swimming activity, as well as classical biochemical hallmarks of human SURF1 disease, including reduced complex IV expression and enzymatic activity and increased tissue lactate. surf1−/− larvae also demonstrated oxidative stress and stressor hypersensitivity to the complex IV inhibitor, azide, which exacerbated their complex IV deficiency, reduced supercomplex formation, and induced acute neurodegeneration typical of LS including brain death, impaired neuromuscular responses, reduced swimming activity, and absent heartrate. Remarkably, prophylactic treatment of surf1−/− larvae with either cysteamine bitartrate or N-acetylcysteine, but not other antioxidants, significantly improved animal resiliency to stressor-induced brain death, swimming and neuromuscular dysfunction, and loss of heartbeat. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated cysteamine bitartrate pretreatment did not improve complex IV deficiency, ATP deficiency, or increased tissue lactate but did reduce oxidative stress and restore glutathione balance in surf1−/− animals. Overall, two novel surf1−/− zebrafish models recapitulate the gross neurodegenerative and biochemical hallmarks of LS, including azide stressor hypersensitivity that was associated with glutathione deficiency and ameliorated by cysteamine bitartrate or N-acetylcysteine therapy.
Automatized Detection of Crohn’s Disease in Intestinal Ultrasound Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Carter Dan , Albshesh Ahmed , Shimon Carmi , Segal Batel , Yershov Alex , Kopylov Uri , Meyers Adele , Brzezinski Rafael Y , Ben Horin Shomron , Hoffer Oshrit 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The use of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) for the diagnosis and follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease is steadily growing. Although access to educational platforms of IUS is feasible, novice ultrasound operators lack experience in performing and interpreting IUS. An artificial intelligence (AI)–based operator supporting system that automatically detects bowel wall inflammation may simplify the use of IUS by less experienced operators. Our aim was to develop and validate an artificial intelligence module that can distinguish bowel wall thickening (a surrogate of bowel inflammation) from normal bowel images of IUS.

Methods
We used a self-collected image data set to develop and validate a convolutional neural network module that can distinguish bowel wall thickening &gt;3 mm (a surrogate of bowel inflammation) from normal bowel images of IUS.

Results
The data set consisted of 1008 images, distributed uniformly (50% normal images, 50% abnormal images). Execution of the training phase and the classification phase was performed using 805 and 203 images, respectively. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detection of bowel wall thickening were 90.1%, 86.4%, and 94%, respectively. The network exhibited an average area under the ROC curve of 0.9777 for this task.

Conclusions
We developed a machine-learning module based on a pretrained convolutional neural network that is highly accurate in the recognition of bowel wall thickening on intestinal ultrasound images in Crohn’s disease. Incorporation of convolutional neural network to IUS may facilitate the use of IUS by inexperienced operators and allow automatized detection of bowel inflammation and standardization of IUS imaging interpretation.
Static Stability and Swim Bladder Volume in the Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)
Authors: Fath M A , Nguyen S V , Donahue J , McMenamin S K , Tytell E D 
Published: February 2023

SynopsisStatic stability is a property inherent to every organism. More stable bodies benefit from a lower energy cost associated with maintaining a desired orientation, while less stable bodies can be more maneuverable. The static stability of a fish is determined by the relative locations of its center of mass (COM) and center of buoyancy (COB), which may change with changes in swim bladder volume. We hypothesized, however, that fish would benefit from consistent static stability, and predicted that changes in swim bladder volume would not alter the overall pattern of COM and COB locations. We used micro-computed tomography to estimate the locations of the COM and COB in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Using this technique, we were able to find a small but significant difference between the location of the COM and COB for a given orientation. We found that the swim bladder can change shape within the body cavity, changing relative locations of the COM and COB. At one extreme, the COB is located 0.441 ± 0.007 BL from the snout and 0.190 ± 0.010 BL from the ventral surface of the pelvic girdle, and that the COM is 0.0030 ± 0.0020 BL posterior and 0.0006 ± 0.0005 BL ventral to the COB, a pattern that causes a nose-up pitching torque. At the other extreme, the COM is anterior and dorsal to the COB, a pattern that causes the opposite torque. These changes in location seems to be caused by changes in the shape and centroid location of the swim bladder within the body: The centroid of the swim bladder is located significantly more posteriorly in fish oriented head-down. The air in the bladder “rises” while heavier tissues “sink,” driving a change in tissue distribution and changing the location of the COM relative to the COB. Supporting our hypothesis, we found no correlation between swim bladder volume and the distance between the COM and COB. We conclude that bluegill are statically unstable, requiring them to expend energy constantly to maintain their normal orientation, but that the pitch angle of the body could alter the relative locations of COM and COB, changing their static stability.
Navigating great power competition: a neoclassical realist view of hedging
Authors: Marston Hunter S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Contrary to predictions that smaller powers will balance against or bandwagon with external threats, Southeast Asian states are hedging by deepening their security cooperation with both the United States and China. Prevailing accounts of hedging do not adequately explain the persistence of such policy choices given growing threat perceptions of China and mounting bipolar pressures. After considering the limitations of existing theories, this article contends that a neoclassical realist approach to hedging better integrates the domestic and international factors that inform decision-makers’ preferences. It operationalizes this theoretical framework in three case studies: Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. A neoclassical realist approach takes the role of individual perceptions and bureaucracies seriously, without dismissing the significance of variables identified by neorealism, including security threats, treaty alliances, and economic benefits. Ultimately, a more complete and accurate understanding of what continues to propel hedging in Southeast Asian states can mitigate the risks of great power conflict.
How the UK public views the use of diagnostic decision aids by physicians: a vignette-based experiment
Authors: Nurek Martine , Kostopoulou Olga 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
Physicians’ low adoption of diagnostic decision aids (DDAs) may be partially due to concerns about patient/public perceptions. We investigated how the UK public views DDA use and factors affecting perceptions.

Materials and Methods
In this online experiment, 730 UK adults were asked to imagine attending a medical appointment where the doctor used a computerized DDA. The DDA recommended a test to rule out serious disease. We varied the test’s invasiveness, the doctor’s adherence to DDA advice, and the severity of the patient’s disease. Before disease severity was revealed, respondents indicated how worried they felt. Both before [t1] and after [t2] severity was revealed, we measured satisfaction with the consultation, likelihood of recommending the doctor, and suggested frequency of DDA use.

Results
At both timepoints, satisfaction and likelihood of recommending the doctor increased when the doctor adhered to DDA advice (P ≤ .01), and when the DDA suggested an invasive versus noninvasive test (P ≤ .05). The effect of adherence to DDA advice was stronger when participants were worried (P ≤ .05), and the disease turned out to be serious (P ≤ .01). Most respondents felt that DDAs should be used by doctors “sparingly” (34%[t1]/29%[t2]), “frequently,” (43%[t1]/43%[t2]) or “always” (17%[t1]/21%[t2]).

Discussion
People are more satisfied when doctors adhere to DDA advice, especially when worried, and when it helps to spot serious disease. Having to undergo an invasive test does not appear to dampen satisfaction.

Conclusion
Positive attitudes regarding DDA use and satisfaction with doctors adhering to DDA advice could encourage greater use of DDAs in consultations.
Performance and milk fatty acid profile of beef cows with a different energy status with short nutrient restriction and refeeding
Authors: Orquera-Arguero Karina G , Blanco Mireia , Bertolín Juan R , Ferrer Javier , Casasús Isabel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur study objective was to determine the effect of a short feed restriction (4 d) and subsequent refeeding (4 d) on the performance and metabolism of beef cows with a different nutritional status by particularly focusing on their milk fatty acid (FA) profile, to consider its potential use as biomarker of metabolic status. Thirty-two Parda de Montaña multiparous lactating beef cows were individually fed a diet based on the average cow’s net energy (NE) and metabolizable protein requirements. At 58 d in milk (DIM, day 0), cows underwent a 4 d feed restriction (55% requirements, restriction period). Before and after the restriction, diets met 100% of their requirements (basal and refeeding periods). Cow performance, milk yield and composition, and plasma metabolites, were determined on day −2, 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8. Cows were classified into two status clusters according to their pre-challenge performance and energy balance (EB) (Balanced vs. Imbalanced). All traits were statistically analyzed considering the fixed effect of status cluster and feeding period or day, with cow as a random effect. Imbalanced cows were heavier and had a more negative EB (P &lt; 0.001), but similar milk yield, milk composition, and circulating metabolites (except for greater urea) than Balanced cows (P &gt; 0.10). Milk contents of C18:1 cis-9, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and mobilization FA were greater (P &lt; 0.05), whereas saturated FA (SFA) and de novo FA were lesser in Imbalanced than Balanced cows (P &lt; 0.05). Restriction decreased body weight (BW), milk yield, and milk protein compared to the basal period, but increased milk urea and plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (P &lt; 0.001). Milk contents of SFA, de novo, and mixed FA decreased immediately during the restriction, while MUFA, polyunsaturated FA and mobilization FA increased (P &lt; 0.001). Basal milk FA contents were recovered on day 2 of refeeding, and all their changes strongly correlated with differences in EB and NEFA (P &lt; 0.05). The general lack of interactions between status clusters and feeding periods implied that the response mechanisms to diet changes did not differ between cows with a different pre-challenge nutritional status.
An invasive species revisited: Continued displacement of native crayfishes by the invasiveFaxonius rusticus(Girard, 1852) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae) in Illinois after 25 years
Authors: Swedberg Dusty A , Taylor Christopher A , Carlson Molly C 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince 1995 Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852) has continued to expand its range in Illinois, USA and cause displacement of native crayfishes. We revisit five historic collection sites for F. rusticus made by C.A. Taylor and M. Redmer in 1995 and compare densities of F. rusticus with native sympatric crayfish species to document changes over the past 25 years. We additionally compiled data from vouchered specimens and update the range of F. rusticus in Illinois. Data from the five density sites indicates that F. rusticus is still common and displacing sympatric crayfish at four of the five sites. Since 1995 F. rusticus has been collected at 137 new sites including range expansions west and south in Illinois. It now has been collected from one-third of Illinois drainages. Recent evidence has provided a cause for optimism as in some areas F. rusticus populations are declining. Without proper monitoring and management F. rusticus will continue to spread in Illinois waters.