bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of a Proposed Educational Program Based on Infographics on Developing Spatial Thinking Skills in Geography for Tenth Grade Students in Jordan
Authors: Kosha Raed , Talafha Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of applying a proposed educational program based on infographics in teaching geography on developing spatial thinking skills for tenth grade students in Jordan. To achieve the purpose of the study, the two researchers prepared a spatial thinking exam, and a proposed educational program based on infographics for teaching geography for the tenth grade, and the validity and reliability of the study tools were verified. The sample of the study consisted of (70) students, where they were randomly distributed into two groups: experimental group, and control group and each consisted of (35) students. The researchers applied the guide of the proposed educational program based on infographics in teaching geography for the experimental group, while the conventional way was used for the control group. The results of the study revealed that there is a statistically significant effect of applying the proposed educational program based on infographics in teaching geography on developing spatial thinking skills among the tenth grade students in Jordan. The researchers recommended applying the proposed educational program based on infographics in teaching geography to develop spatial thinking skills among the tenth-grade students in Jordan.
Metodo e strategie di studio: cosa sanno gli studenti? Un’indagine all’Università di Trento
Authors: Cembrani Veronica , Serbati Anna , Mulatti Claudio 
Published: June 2023

Study Methods And Learning Strategies: What Do Students Know? A Survey At The University Of Trento. How do students study? What do students know about study methods and learning strategies? Recent research has shown that most students rely on ineffective study methods. This behavior could be ascribed to a limited knowledge about learning strategies: students might rely on ineffective study methods because they have erroneous views about which learning strategies are effective. The aim of our research has been to further address this topic at the University of Trento. Here, we present and discuss the results of a survey study that investigates the students’ knowledge of some common learning strategies, the beliefs about their utility, and how much students intended to use them during the semester. Our results confirm that students are often not aware of which learning strategies are most effective. Furthermore, our data suggests that even when students do know how they should study, they do not always reflect it in their study activities. These conclusions requires appropriate considerations and intervention in educational contexts.
Presence-Centered Flourishing: A Proposal of Alternative Strategies to Promote Sustainable Living
Authors: Fabjański Marcin , Carrus Giuseppe , Tiberio Lorenza 
Published: June 2023

Flourishing has been identified as a central concept in the new approaches based on the idea of positive psychology emerging at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. A culture based on the idea of harmony may never have existed among the large public in the history of human thought. An educational system of this type could be based on what we propose here as a «presence-centered» pedagogy (in contrast to the contemporary «information-centered» and «skill-centered» pedagogies). The alternative education process that we propose is also particularly fitted to be conducted amongst nature and outdoor spaces rather than within a classroom, based on the extensive literature on the positive effects of contact with nature for human health and wellbeing. From a philosophical perspective, a presence-centered pedagogy would result in the promotion of a new sense of agency: an identity developed by exercising our co-dependence with the rest of the ecosystemic processes and life-support systems, as opposed to an identity conceived as being separated from the external environment. We argue here that such a revolutionary change of human’s self-definition could result in higher likelihood of changing our lifestyles in the direction of sustainability and collective wellbeing.
Causes and Psycho-Social Effects of Child Trafficking in North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Hussen Zewdnesh Endris , Mekonnen Melaku Anteneh 
Published: June 2023

This study is attempted to examine the causes and effects of child trafficking in North Wollo Zone. Child trafficking is a global challenge affecting every country in the world. It involves multiple forms of sexual and labor exploitation which is described as a modern slavery. Hence, it gave the researcher an inspiration to investigate the causes and effects of child trafficking in north Wollo Zone. The specific objectives of this study were; to explore the major causes of child trafficking, to identify the major actors in child trafficking, to disclose effects of trafficking on children/ especially psycho-social effects of trafficking and to describe the trend of child trafficking for the past ten years. To conduct this study embedded exploratory design was employed. In order to collect the data in-depth interview, focus group discussion and document review was used. Thematic analysis for qualitative data and means, tables, graphs and charts for quantitative data employed to analyze the data and to show the trend. Result shows that Child trafficking is a problem in most districts in the zone especially in the lowland districts. Children got vulnerable to be trafficked because of the poverty, peer pressure, hearing about employment opportunities in towns, attraction by the better living conditions in town, community discrimination, and families interest to be benefited from children employment through trafficking. The major actors in the trafficking process were brokers; brokers cheated family members, money loaning persons /usury lenders, grievance committee and relatives in cities. The trafficked children mainly experienced the physical, psychological and emotional social and economical forms of effects during their trafficking and in the past ten years increasing trend indicates that child/human trafficking is a continual problem of the community and is a global hazard. Eventually the researcher concluded that child trafficking plays a pivotal role in deteriorating the overall development of the children in different forms. Government and non-governmental organizations are recommended to coordination projects which could alleviate the economic challenge of victims of trafficking.
Analysis of Breast Cancer Family History, Estrogen Receptor Status, and Breast Cancer Outcomes in Sweden
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Wang Qiao-Li , Zeng Erwei , He Wei , Czene Kamila 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceBreast cancer (BC), the most prevalent cancer among women globally, is a heterogeneous disease, with prognosis differing by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Having a family history of BC increases the risk of BC; however, it is unclear whether family history is associated with the prognosis of overall and ER-specific BC.ObjectiveTo assess whether a family history of BC is associated with the prognosis of overall and ER-specific BC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was based on data from several national registers in Sweden. All female residents of Stockholm who were born after 1932; had their first BC diagnosis between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2019; and had at least 1 identified female first-degree relative (FDR) were included. Women who were diagnosed with other types of cancer before their BC diagnosis, were older than 75 years at diagnosis, or had distant metastasis at diagnosis were excluded. A total of 28 649 women were included. Data were analyzed from January 10, 2022, to December 20, 2022.ExposuresFamily history of BC, defined as 1 or more female FDRs diagnosed with BC.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatients were followed up until BC-specific death, censoring, or end of follow-up on December 31, 2019. The role of family history in BC-specific mortality was investigated using flexible parametric survival models among the full cohort, ER-positive subgroup, and ER-negative subgroup, adjusting for demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, and treatments received.ResultsAmong 28 649 patients, the mean (SD) age at BC diagnosis was 55.7 (10.4) years; 19 545 (68.2%) had ER-positive BC, and 4078 (14.2%) had ER-negative BC. Overall, 5081 patients (17.7%) had at least 1 female FDR diagnosed with BC, while 384 (1.3%) had a family history of early-onset BC (FDR diagnosed before age 40 years). During the follow-up period (median [IQR], 8.7 [4.1-15.1] years), 2748 patients (9.6%) died of BC. Multivariable analyses revealed that having a family history of BC was associated with a lower risk of BC-specific death among the full cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.95) and the ER-negative subgroup (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.40-0.82) in the first 5 years, after which no association was observed. However, having an early-onset family history was associated with a higher risk of BC-specific death (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.03-2.34).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, patients with a family history of BC did not necessarily have a worse prognosis. Those with ER-negative status and a family history of BC had more favorable outcomes in the first 5 years after diagnosis, possibly due to enhanced motivation to receive and adhere to treatment. However, patients with a family history of early-onset BC had worse survival, suggesting that genetic testing of newly diagnosed patients with early-onset family history may provide useful information to aid treatment and future research.
Enhancing Stability of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (PCE ≈ 24.5%) by Suppressing PbI2 Inclusion Formation
Authors: Shin Sooeun , Nandi Pronoy , Seo Seongrok , Jung Hyun Suk , Park Nam‐Gyu , Shin Hyunjung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExcess lead(II) iodide (PbI2) has controversial roles in affecting the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Since the photoinstability of PbI2 is now known to largely accelerate perovskite degradation, suppressing and/or eliminating excess PbI2 is key to improving the stability of PSCs. Herein, process‐dependent PbI2 formation on the surfaces of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) films is examined. Due to the faster evaporation rate of organic substances, crystalline PbI2 as an inclusion is found within the triple junction grain boundaries. With this hypothesis, two strategies are suggested: control of the 1) vapor pressure and 2) stoichiometry of precursor solutions to induce sufficient reaction of FAPbI3. Although both strategies successfully eliminate the PbI2 as inclusions, due to the slower evaporation rate, vapor pressure control films also exhibit a larger grain size (≈1.18 µm) with a good film quality to attain the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.5%. Furthermore, the phase stability of α‐FAPbI3 is improved due to the elimination of the degradation sites induced by the photoinstability of PbI2. The findings explore the formation process of unwanted PbI2 (≈2.8%) and provide a simple method to effectively suppress its formation. This may further boost the PCE and stability, especially for FA‐based perovskites.
Nanosized Silk‐Magnesium Complexes for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Ding Zhaozhao , Cheng Weinan , Liu Lutong , Xu Gang , Lu Qiang , Kaplan David L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetal ions provide multifunctional signals for cell and tissue functions, including regeneration. Inspired by metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), nanosized silk protein aggregates with a high negative charge density are used to form stable silk−magnesium ion complexes. Magnesium ions (Mg ions) are added directly to silk nanoparticle solutions, inducing gelation through the formation of silk‐Mg coordination complexes. The Mg ions are released slowly from the nanoparticles through diffusion, with sustained release via tuning the degradation or dissolution of the nanosized silk aggregates. Studies in vitro reveal a dose‐dependent influence of Mg ions on angiogenic and anti‐inflammatory functions. Silk‐Mg ion complexes in the form of hydrogels also stimulate tissue regeneration with a reduced formation of scar tissue in vivo, suggesting potential utility in tissue regeneration.
Recent Advances in Laser‐Induced Synthesis of MOF Derivatives
Authors: Guo Shuailong , Gao Ming , Zhang Wang , Liu Feng , Guo Xueyi , Zhou Kun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials with permanent pores constructed by the self‐assembly of organic ligands and metal clusters through coordination bonds. Due to their diversity and tunability, MOFs are used as precursors to be converted into other types of functional materials by pyrolytic recrystallization. Laser‐induced synthesis is proven to be a powerful pyrolytic processing technique with fast and accurate laser irradiation, low loss, high efficiency, selectivity, and programmability, which endow MOF derivatives with new features. Laser‐induced MOF derivatives exhibit high versatility in multidisciplinary research fields. In this review, first, the basic principles of laser smelting and the types of materials for laser preparation of MOF derivatives are briefly introduced. Subsequently, it is focused on the peculiarity of the engineering of structural defects and their applications in catalysis, environmental protection, and energy fields. Finally, the challenges and opportunities at the current stage are highlighted with the aim of elucidating the future direction of the rapidly growing field of laser‐induced synthesis of MOF derivatives.
A Stretchable Polymer Conductor Through the Mutual Plasticization Effect
Authors: Bai Yihong , Li Weizhen , Tie Yuan , Kou Yan , Wang Yi‐Xuan , Hu Wenping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable conductors play key roles in the dynamic interfacing of electronic devices with soft human tissues. However, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve high electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability. Here, highly stretchable and conductive thin film electrodes are prepared by combining PEDOT:PSS and a mutually plasticized polymer dopant. Notably, harsh acid treatment for conductivity enhancement is avoided, and good solvent tolerance and high optical transparency are realized, all of which are essential to device fabrication. A transparent electrochromic display is further developed that can bear stretching up to 80% strain, demonstrating its promising application in next‐generation optoelectronics.
In Situ Synthesis of Chemically Bonded 2D/2D Covalent Organic Frameworks/O‐Vacancy WO3 Z‐Scheme Heterostructure for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Shen Rongchen , Liang Guijie , Hao Lei , Zhang Peng , Li Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown great promise for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via water splitting. However, the four‐electron oxidation of water remains elusive toward oxygen evolution. Enabling this water oxidation pathway is critical to improve the yield and maximize atom utilization efficiency. A Z‐scheme heterojunction is proposed for overcoming fundamental issues in COF‐based photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS), such as inefficient light absorption, charge recombination, and poor water oxidation ability. It is shown that the construction of a novel 2D/2D Z‐scheme heterojunction through in situ growth of COFs on the O‐vacancy WO3 nanosheets (Ov‐WO3) via the WOC chemical bond can remarkably promote photocatalytic OWS. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between the enhanced built‐in electric field by the interfacial WOC bond, the strong water oxidation ability of Ov‐WO3, and the ultrathin structure of TSCOF, both separation and utilization efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs can be significantly enhanced. An impressive photocatalytic hydrogen evolution half‐rection rate of 593 mmol h−1 g−1 and overall water splitting rate of 146 (hydrogen) and 68 (oxygen) µmol h−1 g−1 are achieved on the COF‐WO3 (TSCOFW) composite. This 2D/2D Z‐scheme heterojunction with two‐step excitation and precisely cascaded charge‐transfer pathway makes it responsible for the efficient solar‐driven OWS without a sacrificial agent.
Electrochemically Mediated Fixation of CO2: Synthesis of Functionalized Oxazolidine‐2,4‐Diones by Three‐Component Reactions
Authors: Xiong Ting‐Kai , Xia Qiang , Zhou Xue‐Qi , Li Shu‐Hui , Cui Fei‐Hu , Tang Hai‐Tao , Pan Ying‐Ming , Liang Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide is a harmful greenhouse gas, as well as a valuable resource. Here, a three‐component cyclization reaction was developed for the synthesis of oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones by immobilizing CO2 under the electrochemistry and copper catalyst. Propargyl amide was used as the reaction substrate to capture carbon dioxide to produce carboxyl anion, while selenide produced electrophilic receptor to activate the triple bond under electrochemical conditions. Then, intramolecular cyclization reaction was carried out to obtain the target product. Through this environmentally friendly strategy, a series of important oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones was synthesized.
Environmentally Benign Partially Delignified and Microwave Processed Bamboo‐Based Drinking Straws
Authors: Rai Rohit , Ranjan Rahul , Kant Chandra , Ghosh Udita Uday , Dhar Prodyut 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSingle‐use plastic straws are a significant environmental concern as they pollute the ecosystem and drastically harm humans and aquatic organisms. Paper straws, as an alternative have limitations such as weak mechanical properties, poor water stability, and the use of coatings or adhesives that hinder their biodegradability. The present study reports a facile approach for preparing mechanically robust, water‐stable, and biodegradable straws using partially delignified and microwave (MW) treated bamboo. The MW‐processed bamboo‐based straws present water stability for up to 16 h and a contact angle of 87.8°, suggesting low wettability and water stability for long periods. The processed straws show improved tensile strength of 59.3 MPa, Young's modulus of 988 MPa, and a flexural strength of 13.9 MPa, along with >97% biodegradation (98 days). MW treatment is a rapid and low‐cost strategy for physiochemical modification that can be used for the large‐scale production of drinking straws from biomass. The life cycle analysis (LCA) shows that MW‐irradiated bamboo straws generate 86.53% less global warming potential (GWP) impact during production and 91.8% less human health damage impact during end‐of‐life (EOL), compared to plastic straws. MW‐treated drinking straws from bamboo can thus become a low‐cost, eco‐friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable alternative to paper and plastic straws.
Machine Learning for Semiconductor Process Simulation Described by Coupled Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Sato Rikuya , Kutsukake Kentaro , Harada Shunta , Tagawa Miho , Ujihara Toru 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTechnology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulation is an important tool for the development of semiconductor devices. Based on coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) for behaviors, TCAD can calculate objects such as impurities, point defects, and electronic carriers in semiconductors. However, over recent years semiconductor devices have become increasingly miniaturized and complicated, resulting in much longer calculation times for TCAD. Machine learning is one technology that may be used to overcome this simulation cost problem. In this study, a neural network architecture is proposed that considers the structure of the coupled PDEs. Features representing each concentration distribution of the calculation objects are extracted by convolution operations and their reaction is modeled by channel attention. The performance of the proposed architecture and of conventional neural network models is evaluated using a simulation dataset generated by 1D coupled PDEs that models the diffusion and reaction of vacancies and interstitial atoms. In addition, the advantage of the method is discussed through the analyses of error correlations of the two predictions and attention coefficients. The machine learning method developed in this study will be applicable to other physics described by coupled PDEs and is expected to speed up the computation of simulations in various fields.
Lentil–cereal intercropping in a Mediterranean area: Yield, pests and weeds
Authors: Tosti Giacomo , Falcinelli Beatrice , Guiducci Marcello 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroducing grain legumes into cereal‐based cropping systems can enhance crop diversification and related factors (e.g., farm N‐self‐sufficiency). Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a minor grain legume species that offers nutritional and other benefits when incorporated into diets. However, lentil production is often characterized by low and unstable yields due to drought, pests, and high yield losses during mechanical harvest. Intercropping is a promising agroecological‐based strategy that may overcome these drawbacks. Our objective was to determine if intercropping (i) enhanced crop productivity and resource use efficiency, and (ii) suppressed weeds and bruchid insect pest dynamics. To do this, two lentil–cereal intercropping mixtures were compared in central Italy during 2020 and 2021 as follows: (i) lentil + triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm., ‘Forricale’) and (ii) lentil + barley (Hordeum vulgare L., ‘Cometa’). Weed biomass was reduced by 97% because of the competitive ability of the grass component in intercrops compared to a lentil monocrop (p ≤ 0.05). Both intercrops reduced bruchid grain loss by 16% and showed higher efficiency than single pure stand crops (land equivalent ratio >1). Unfortunately, the highly competitive effect of the cereal reduced lentil yield in intercrops by 59% (−40.3 g m−2, on average). Our results indicate that cereals should be planted at low densities, or the spatial arrangement of both species should be modified, to prevent suppression of lentils in intercrops with barley, triticale, and other small‐grain crops.
Community food environment and childhood obesity in a medium‐sized Brazilian city: An approach to school and neighborhood environments
Authors: Gardone Danielle Soares , Novaes Juliana Farias , de Albuquerque Fernanda Martins , Filgueiras Mariana De Santis , Novaes Taiane Gonçalves , Mendes Larissa Loures , Pessoa Milene Cristine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to analyze the relationship of community food environments with childhood obesity in a medium‐sized Brazilian city.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study with 366 schoolchildren aged 8 and 9 years. Children's body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high cholesterol density lipoprotein (HDL‐c), low cholesterol density lipoprotein (LDL‐c) and triglycerides (TG) were measured. The parent's nutritional status was assessed by calculating the BMI. All food stores within a 200‐ and 400‐m radius buffers of schools and households were evaluated. The food stores were classified as healthy, unhealthy, and mixed according to the predominance of foods commercialized. Binary logistic regression models were proposed for each category.ResultsOver seventy percent (70.2%) of the food stores were categorized as “unhealthy”. The prevalence of obesity was 15.6%. In the 200‐m buffer around schools, there was an inverse and direct association between obesity and the presence of healthy food stores and unhealthy food stores, respectively. Around the households, there was an inverse association between the presence of healthy food stores and obesity in both buffers.ConclusionThe community food environment may be protective or potentiating childhood obesity, depending on the access and types of food sold.