bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C028: The differential burden of BRCA2 gene mutation in prevalent cancers in Nigeria: Any difference between Africa and the world?
Authors: Okoye Jude Ogechukwu , Emeka Chiemeka Michael , Obioma Okechi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: The high mortality rate among cancer patients in Africa has been attributed to the high rate of late-stage presentation, aggressiveness, and metastatic nature of the tumors. The manifestation of cancer has also been linked with mutation of DNA repair genes including BRCA1, evidenced by the lack of expression of the tumor suppressors in the affected tissue. However, in Africa, there is a paucity of studies on the frequency of BRCA2 gene mutation in prevalent cancers. This study determined the prevalence of BRCA2 mutation in common cancers in Nigeria in a bid to compare the disparity of the mutation between Africa and elsewhere. Methods: This retrospective study included 51, 54, 58, 48, and 55 viable formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded tissues of the breast, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, and prostate cancers, respectively diagnosed between 2017 and 2019 in two tertiary health care facilities in Southern Nigeria. Tissues were stained for BRCA2 protein using the immunohistochemical technique, scored based on staining intensity, and documented as 0, +1, +2, and +3. Tissues with scores of 0 and +1 were considered negative whereas those with scores of +2 and +3 were considered positive. Descriptive, Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation were carried out and significance was set at ≤0.05. Results: The mean age of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer was lower (41.34 ± 9.16 years) compared with breast, colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancers (51.00 ± 10.98 years, 47.34 ± 14.73 years, 50.15 ± 12.29 years, and 72.66 ± 8.67 years, respectively). The prevalence of BRCA2 mutation was higher in endometrial cancer (78.4%) than in breast, colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancers (41.5%, 25%, 54.2%, and 65.1%, respectively) at p&lt; 0.001. There was a direct relationship between age and BRCA2 mutation among women with endometrial cancer (p= 0.005). Conclusion: This study suggests that the prevalence of BRCA2 mutation is high in Southern Nigeria and could be linked with the poor survival rate observed among cancer patients in West Africa.
Citation Format: Jude Ogechukwu Okoye, Chiemeka Michael Emeka, Okechi Obioma. The differential burden of BRCA2 gene mutation in prevalent cancers in Nigeria: Any difference between Africa and the world? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C028.
Abstract C031: Impact of pesticide exposure in West African Black men within the United States, Cameroon, and Nigeria
Authors: Asto-Flores Emelina , Crook Jennifer , Fathi Parisa , Odedina Folakemi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (CaP) significantly affects black men causing higher mortality rates especially within African and Caribbean countries. The Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC) is a 10 year longitudinal study aimed at studying environmental, epidemiological and prostate cancer associated risk factors within black men of West African descent living in the United States (US), Cameroon, and Nigeria. Methods: Men ages 35- 70 years old, who identified as a US Black male or West African Black male immigrant in the US, were recruited from community-based organizations. Community- based organizations include local churches, health fairs and social organizations. Anthropometric, environmental, and epidemiological variables measures were collected via survey questions. Saliva samples were collected using Salimetrics. Mean and range from the survey questions were categorized and a logistical regression model was used to determine associations between variables. Results: Logistical analysis output for analysis of pesticide exposure and cancer diagnosis within the three countries, found participants in Nigeria who were exposed to pesticide use, to be a significant predictor of cancer diagnosis (p 0.013). The age of exposure was another variable analyzed to see whether there was a correlation between age of exposure in pesticide use and cancer diagnosis. No significant predictors were determined yet a reasoning to why a significance is not yet found could be due to many participants needing a closer examination into the consequences of early exposure to known carcinogens. Conclusion: Significant data was found between pesticide exposure and cancer diagnosis between the US, Cameroon, and Nigeria in West African Black men. Regarding age of pesticide exposure and the relation between cancer diagnosis, more data needs to be collected regarding these variables. Significance in determining pesticide use as a predictor for cancer diagnosis in black males, can lead to increased efforts in pesticide exposure education in addition to possible government reformation on laws regarding pesticide use.
Citation Format: Emelina Asto-Flores, Jennifer Crook, Parisa Fathi, Folakemi Odedina. Impact of pesticide exposure in West African Black men within the United States, Cameroon, and Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C031.
Abstract C033: Investigating the differential roles of HMGA2 isoforms in the bone microenvironment
Authors: Campbell Taaliah , Hawsawi Ohuod , Henderson Veronica , Odero-Marah Valerie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in American men. Compared to Caucasian men, African American males have a higher bone density, as well as mortality rate due to bone metastasis. Recent studies have shown that High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2), a non-histone chromatin binding protein, plays a critical role in promoting metastasis. HMGA2 full-length/wild-type and truncated (without the 3’UTR) isoforms have been shown to be overexpressed in several cancers, however their distinct roles in metastasis have not been reported. Our laboratory focuses on tumor-micronenvironmental interactions. We have previously published that PCa cells degrades hydroxyapatite, the major inorganic component of bone, to release calcium which promotes paracrine cell proliferation and migration, and this signaling increases with increased bone density. We hypothesize that HMGA2 isoforms may play differential roles at the bone metastatic site and effect paracrine cell proliferation and migration. LNCaP PCa cell line stably overexpressing either full length or truncated HMGA2 was co-cultured with low (100 mg) or high (200 mg) hydroxyapatite or human bone matrix powder, for 6 days followed by collection of conditioned media (CM). CM was co-cultured with parental LNCaP cells for various time points followed by analysis of several signaling pathways using western blot analysis, as well as analysis of paracrine cell proliferation using MTS assay, and cell migration across collagen using boyden chamber. Results reveal that co-culture of LNCaP cells expressing WT and TR HMGA2 with bone components has a paracrine effect on MAPK signaling. This was accompanied by a paracrine increase in cell migration but not cell proliferation with CM from truncated HMGA2-expressing cells co-cultured with bone, that can be abrogated by MAPK inhibition. Our study shows that wild-type and truncated isoforms of HMGA2 may differentially mediate PCa/hydroxyapatite bone interactions at the bone metastatic site, which may contribute to bone metastasis, particularly in African American men that have higher bone density. Acknowledgements: These studies were supported by NIH/NIGMS/RISE SR25GM060414 and NIH/NIMHD 2U54MD007590; 5U54MD013376-8281.
Citation Format: Taaliah Campbell, Ohuod Hawsawi, Veronica Henderson, Valerie Odero-Marah. Investigating the differential roles of HMGA2 isoforms in the bone microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C033.
Abstract C059: SELENOF is a novel tumor suppressor and a new target to overcome breast cancer racial disparity
Authors: Ekyalongo Roudy C. , Zigrossi Alexandra , Flowers Brenna , Diamond Alan M. , Kastrati Irida 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
African American women die of breast cancer at a much higher rate than Caucasian women. While the reasons behind this racial disparity are multifactorial, recent findings point to biological components that remain to be fully elucidated. We have recently identified SELENOF as a new tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Consequently, its reduction or loss may drive disease progression and poor outcome. Conversely, we have shown that restoring SELENOF expression elicited anti-tumor activity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to mitigate the loss of SELENOF may be exploited to improve outcome for patients affected by the loss of SELENOF. Based on two different Chicago-based cohorts, we reported that the breast tumors from African Americans exhibited a 5-10-fold higher frequency of SELENOF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared to Caucasians; these genetic variations result in attenuated translation of SELENOF and thus reduced SELENOF levels. This is supported by preliminary data showing that SELENOF expression is significantly lower in breast tumors from African American patients compared to Caucasians, and lower SELENOF expression predicts shorter survival in these patients. Our goal is to elucidate the role of SELENOF in breast cancer and determine its impact on breast tumorigenesis. We hypothesize that either enhancing SELENOF levels or mimicking its downstream signaling can be exploited to mitigate the loss of SELENOF and elicit anti-tumor activity. Targeting tumor suppressors remains challenging. We identified the eukaryotic initiation factor 4a3 (eIF4a3) as a putative translational repressor of SELENOF, and our preliminary data shows that pharmacologic inhibition of eIF4a3 results in increased SELENOF protein levels. We also found that SELENOF overexpression induces cell death by engaging the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) to determine cell fate. The therapeutic strategies under investigation are likely to result in novel and more effective personalized medicine, and may help close the breast cancer racial disparity gap.
Citation Format: Roudy C. Ekyalongo, Alexandra Zigrossi, Brenna Flowers, Alan M. Diamond, Irida Kastrati. SELENOF is a novel tumor suppressor and a new target to overcome breast cancer racial disparity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C059.
Abstract C075: Increasing incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Hispanic population of the United States from 2006-2017
Authors: Kye Yae L. , Xie Cicilyn , Riva Hannah , Samaniego Michelle , Ramirez Fabiola , Fernandez Lorena , Alvarado Luis , Dwivedi Alok , Chacon Jessica 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Melanoma is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States (US), and its incidence has been rapidly increasing within the past several decades. Previous studies have shown that individuals with darker skin tones are less likely to survive melanoma than those with lighter skin tones. Despite this increased morbidity in skin of color populations, limited studies have investigated how melanoma affects different races and ethnicities. Herein, we conducted a population-based registry study to assess the incidence and survival pattern of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) subtypes in the US from 2006 to 2017. In addition, we examined the four major histological CMM subtypes (superficial spreading, lentigo maligna, nodular, and acral lentiginous melanoma) and its distribution by race, gender, and tumor grade. Data from 17 population-based cancer registries from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute were reviewed, and 58,666 histologically confirmed cases of CMM were evaluated. Acral lentiginous melanoma was diagnosed predominantly in non-Hispanic whites (56%) and Hispanic whites (45%). Melanomas that were not of the four major histological CMM subtypes were predominant in the Asian (54%) and Black (77%) populations. Superficial spreading and lentigo maligna melanomas presented more commonly in males (69% and 63%, respectively). Nodular and lentigo maligna melanomas had the poorest survival rates (median of 26 and 21 months, respectively). The incidence rate of CMM has been steadily increasing in the Hispanic population, with Hispanic whites having the highest incidence of acral lentiginous melanoma when compared to other skin of color populations. Thus, it is important we continue to assess and trend the epidemiological characteristics of CMM subtypes. In addition, future studies should investigate the possible genetic and environmental factors that may be contributing to the increased incidence of CMM in skin of color populations and its associated morbidity.
Citation Format: Yae L. Kye, Cicilyn Xie, Hannah Riva, Michelle Samaniego, Fabiola Ramirez, Lorena Fernandez, Luis Alvarado, Alok Dwivedi, Jessica Chacon. Increasing incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Hispanic population of the United States from 2006-2017 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C075.
Abstract C084: Distance traveled for cervical cancer treatment and its impact on five-year survival
Authors: Bae Sejong , Pandya Vishruti , Wang Hao , Wang Chenguang , Huh Warner K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of distance from patient residence to treatment facility and five-year cervical cancer survival. Materials and Methods: To assess five-year cervical cancer survival, cervical cancer data were obtained from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) years 2004-2017, only from patients with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. It covers more than 70% of newly diagnosed cancer cases in the United States. Women younger than 20 years old were excluded from this study, as well as women with race other than white or black (Hispanic origin was not distinguished). Five-year survival was calculated. SAS version 9.4 was used for statistical analysis. Results: 50,582 patients met study criteria, with 79% white and 13.5% who had stage III/IV disease. Insurance type was 56% private, 18% Medicaid, 13% Medicare, and 11% uninsured or unknown. Distance between residence zip code and hospital was less than 50 miles (80%), more than 50 miles (14%), and 7% unknown. Rural-Urban status was 96% Urban, 1.5% Rural, and 2.9% unknown. Whites were more likely to travel more than 50 miles to a treatment facility (P &lt;0.0001). Travel of more than 50 miles was associated with race (P &lt;0.0001), insurance (P &lt;0.0001), facility type (P &lt;0.0001), stage (P &lt;0.0001), age (P &lt;0.0001), geographic location (P &lt;0.0001), income (P &lt;0.0001), education (P &lt;0.0001), and Rural-Urban status (P &lt;0.0001). White, Medicaid/Medicare insured, academic/research program facility, stage I, younger age, those who lived in the South, income &lt;$50,353, and less education were more likely to travel more than 50 miles to treatment facility. In the adjusted model for five-year survival, insurance (P &lt;0.0001), facility type (P &lt;0.0001), comorbidity (P &lt;0.0001), distance (P=0.0485), stage (P &lt;0.0001), age (P &lt;0.0001), geographic location (P=0.0074), income (P=0.0014), and education (P=0.0184) were associated with survival. Conclusion: Fourteen percent (14%) of patients resided more than 50 miles from treatment facility. Medicaid/Medicare, non-academic/research program facility, higher comorbidity, higher cancer stage, greater than 50 miles travel distance, older age, living in the South, income &lt; $50,353, and less education were associated with five-year cervical cancer survival.
Citation Format: Sejong Bae, Vishruti Pandya, Hao Wang, Chenguang Wang, Warner K. Huh. Distance traveled for cervical cancer treatment and its impact on five-year survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C084.
Abstract C100: Initial description and analysis of study participants of the Puerto Rico Biobank from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Bahr Allison , Gordián Edna , Pérez-Morales Jaileene , Oliveras José , Muñoz-Antonia Teresita , Flores Idhaliz , Cress W. Douglas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives: The Puerto Rico Biobank (PRBB) is a tissue biorepository that collects biospecimens and associated data for cancer research investigations. One of its purposes is to acquire and provide data regarding cancers within the the Hispanic/Latino and Puerto Rican population not otherwise available. Herein we report on data from a self-administered questionnaire providing insight into factors associated with cancer in this unique patient population. Procedures: A questionnaire is administered to all PRBB subjects in Spanish at the time of consent. It is divided into sections including but not limited to demographics, clinical history, family history, nutrition, physical activity, cancer risk factors, and psychological wellness. Data was obtained from the PRBB questionnaire administered from 2009 to 2019. We analyzed the PRBB questionnaire by comparing questionnaire responses from: overall population that completed a questionnaire, those represented by biobank tissue, and by stratifying population into cancer participants and non-cancer participants. Results: Among the 1,710 patients that completed the PRBB questionnaires 60% were female, 61% white, 92% Hispanic/Latino, and 41% reported having an education level of 12th grade or lower. In the domain of cancer personal history, 70% of the PRBB consented cancer participants were diagnosed with either breast, prostate, colon, lung, or uterine cancers. The average age of PRBB non-cancer participants was less than the average age of the cancer participants (45.8 vs 61.2, respectively). Of the cancer participants, 76% were more likely to have a family member have cancer than the non-cancer participants (65%). Conclusion: Analysis of self-reported data collected through a self-administered questionnaire provides insights into the unique demographic, lifestyle, and family history of this Hispanic/Latino population. The most diagnosed cancer types of the respondents are consistent with the top 3 and 4 newly diagnosed cancers in Puerto Rico for men and women, respectively. The information from this analysis will support future investigations on cancer health disparities related to this minority cancer population.
Citation Format: Allison Bahr, Edna Gordián, Jaileene Pérez-Morales, José Oliveras, Teresita Muñoz-Antonia, Idhaliz Flores, W. Douglas Cress. Initial description and analysis of study participants of the Puerto Rico Biobank from 2009 to 2019 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C100.
Abstract C112: Understanding and addressing cancer disparities among American Indians in North Carolina: The Southeastern cancer health equity partnership
Authors: Bell Ronny A. , Akinyemiju Tomi , Wheeler Stephanie B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
North Carolina (NC) is home to the largest American Indian population in the Eastern United States (approximately 300,000 residents, about 2.8% of the total NC population), represented by eight state and federally recognized tribes (Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, Sappony, Occaneechi Band of Saponi Nation, Meherrin, Haliwa Saponi, Coharie, Lumbee, Waccamaw Siouan) and four urban Indian organizations (Metrolina Native American Association, Guilford Native American Association, Triangle Native American Society, Cumberland County Association for Indian People). This population experiences significant health disparities largely related to adverse social determinants of health and limited access to health care. With regards to cancer, disparities exist for incidence and mortality for certain cancer, although there are limited data available with regards to cancer screening stage at diagnosis, treatment and survivorship. Furthermore, evidence suggests that racial misclassification contributes to a significant underestimation of the true cancer incidence and mortality in this population. To address the cancer care needs of NC American Indians, a unique collaboration was established in 2021 among the leadership of the Community Outreach and Engagement programs at the three NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers in North Carolina (Duke Cancer Institute, University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center). The collaboration, entitled, The Southeastern American Indian Cancer Health Equity Partnership (SAICEP), has as its mission to "understand and address the cancer-related health needs of American Indian communities in our catchment areas and beyond." SAICEP includes: (1) a quarterly speakers' series, featuring nationally recognized experts in the area of American Indian cancer research and care; (2) educational outreach and engagement activities at tribal and state cultural events; and, (3) cutting-edge culturally respectful research to understand and address cancer disparities at the tribal and state level. Partnerships have been established with tribal leaders across the state as well as researchers at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke in the traditional homeland of the Lumbee tribe (the largest tribe in the state). Future endeavors will include partnerships with tribes in other states in our catchment areas (Virginia, South Carolina).
Citation Format: Ronny A. Bell, Tomi Akinyemiju, Stephanie B. Wheeler. Understanding and addressing cancer disparities among American Indians in North Carolina: The Southeastern cancer health equity partnership [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C112.