bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric Study on Axially Grooved Heat Pipe With Two Heat Sources and One Heat Sink With Multiple Branches
Authors: Bhatt Anand A. , Jain Sanjay V. , Patel Rajesh N. , Vaghela Dipak V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to use single heat pipe for multiple heat sources in electronics and space applications, a multibranch heat pipe with two evaporators and a condenser is developed with 20 internal grooves as a wick structure. An experimental investigation is carried out in the present study for axially grooved multibranch heat pipe (AGMBHP) by considering various parameters to obtain the best possible operating condition. AGMBHP is investigated for different filling ratios (range, 75–200%) in a horizontal orientation for equal heat loads (0–240 W) and unequal heat loads (0–120 W) on evaporators. Heat pipe is tested for dynamic characteristics for an optimum filling ratio range of 125–150%. Further, condenser cooling flowrate analysis and different orientation study is carried out and compared for horizontal, gravity-assisted, antigravity, and compound positions to understand the performance of heat pipe. AGMBHP is capable to transmit 240 W heat load with a minimum resistance of 0.192 °C/W in horizontal orientation. The optimum condenser cooling water flowrate is found to be 5 ml/s under tested conditions. AGMBHP is capable of providing effective thermal conductivity as high as 31,824 W/m°C, which is quite suitable for electronics cooling. Orientation study revealed that horizontal orientation is comparatively better amongst all the other orientations for AGMBHP.
Total Energy Expenditure and ad Libitum Fluid/Nutrient Intake During a 24-Hour Mountain-Bike Event: A Case Study
Authors: Dodds Patrick , Schoeller Dale , Shriver Tim , Ruby Brent 
Published: March 2023

Previous studies have used the doubly labeled water method to evaluate the total energy expenditure (TEE) during Ironman, ultramarathon trail runs, and competitive road cycling. However, the technique has not been applied to a 24-hour cross-country mountain-bike event. Purpose: This case study aimed to measure the TEE, cycling metrics, and ad libitum nutrient/fluid intake during a 24-hour cross-country mountain-bike race. Methods: A trained male cyclist (41 y, 74.1 kg, 172.4 cm) received an oral dose of doubly labeled water prior to the 24-hour event for the calculations of TEE and water turnover. Nude body weight and urine samples were collected prerace, during the race, and postrace. Total nutrient intake and total fluid intake in addition to cycling metrics (speed, power output, cadence, and heart rate) were continuously recorded during the event. Results: The rider completed 383 km coupled with a vertical gain of 7737 m during the 24-hour event. Average speed, power, and heart rate were 16.3 (2) km·h−1, 122 (29) W, and 134 (18) beats·min–1, respectively. TEE and total nutrient intake were 41 and 23.5 MJ, respectively. Total carbohydrate intake was 1192 g with an average hourly intake of 58 (22) g·h−1. Total body weight was 75.3 and 72.3 kg prerace and postrace, respectively, with a measured ad libitum total fluid intake of 13.3 L and a water turnover of 17.2 L. Conclusions: These data provide novel insights for measures of TEE, total energy intake, and total fluid intake during an ultraendurance cross-country mountain-biking event and provide a foundation for future race/training needs.
Efficacy of Dance Intervention for Improving Frailty Among Chinese Older Adults Living in the Community: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , van der Schans Cees Peter , Liu Yanhui , Krijnen Wilhelmus Petrus , Hobbelen Johannes Simon Maria 
Published: March 2023

Although dance interventions may have lots of advantages in improving frailty, there are few papers focusing on the effects such interventions have on frail older adults living in the community setting. This study investigates whether a dance intervention can improve the level of frailty among Chinese older adults living in the community setting. The dance intervention was done five times a week for 16 weeks. Participants in the control group maintained their normal daily activities. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks. Mixed models were used to test for the effects on frailty, depression, short physical performance battery, and grip strength between the groups over time. The level of frailty (p < .05) and depression (p < .001) decreased, and short physical performance battery (p < .001) increased over time in the dance group compared with the control group. A dance intervention lasting 16 weeks showed improved frailty, depression, and physical performance among Chinese older adults living in the community setting.
Structural insights into the assembly of gp130 family cytokine signaling complexes
Authors: Zhou Yi , Stevis Panayiotis E. , Cao Jing , Saotome Kei , Wu Jiaxi , Glatman Zaretsky Arielle , Haxhinasto Sokol , Yancopoulos George D. , Murphy Andrew J. , Sleeman Mark W. , Olson William C. , Franklin Matthew C. 
Published: March 2023

The interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokines signal through gp130 receptor homodimerization or heterodimerization with a second signaling receptor and play crucial roles in various cellular processes. We determined cryo–electron microscopy structures of five signaling complexes of this family, containing full receptor ectodomains bound to their respective ligands ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-27, and IL-6. Our structures collectively reveal similarities and differences in the assembly of these complexes. The acute bends at both signaling receptors in all complexes bring the membrane-proximal domains to a ~30 angstrom range but with distinct distances and orientations. We also reveal how CLCF1 engages its secretion chaperone cytokine receptor–like factor 1. Our data provide valuable insights for therapeutically targeting gp130-mediated signaling.
Supplemental Material: Coupled alkaline high-Nb mafic rocks and adakitic granodiorites: Products of Neoproterozoic back-arc extension at the western margin of the Yangtze Block, South China
Authors: Huang Bin , Wang Wei , al. et 
Published: March 2023

<p> Figure S1: Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of zircon grains from Yuanmou granodiorite, gabbros, and alkaline basalts. Figure S2: Zr versus elements diagram for the Yuanmou pluton and associated dike to evaluate post-crystallization mobility of major and trace elements. Figure S3: Harker diagram of Yuanmou adakitic and mafic rocks, magmatic evolution was simulated by using the software “Magma Chamber Simulator” with recharge and fractional crystallization (RFC) processes. Figure S4: Plots of εHf(t) versus εNd(t) diagram for the Neoproterozoic adakitic rocks from the western margin of the Yangtze Block. Table S1: Concordant results of zircon U-Pb ages for the Neoproterozoic Yuanmou granodiorite pluton and its mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) and associated dike. Table S2: The major element analysis results of plagioclases for the Yuanmou granodiorites and MMEs and the major element analysis results of amphiboles and clinopyroxenes for the Yuanmou MMEs. Table S3: The major and trace element analysis results for the Neoproterozoic adakitic, alkaline mafic and sub-alkaline mafic pluton in the western margin of the Yangtze Block. Table S4: The isotope results for the Neoproterozoic mafic and adakitic pluton in the western margin of the Yangtze Block. File S1: Original file of MCS. Magmatic evolution simulation of Yuanmou adakitic and mafic rocks, simulated by using the software “Magma Chamber Simulator” with recharge and fractional crystallization (RFC) processes. </p>
Haemodynamic and metabolic adaptations in coronary microvascular disease
Authors: Noaman Samer , Kaye David M , Nanayakkara Shane , Dart Anthony M , Yong Andy S C , Ng Martin , Vizi Donna , Duffy Stephen J , Cox Nicholas , Chan William 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the microcirculatory resistance (MR) and myocardial metabolic adaptations at rest and in response to increased cardiac workload in patients with suspected coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD).MethodsPatients with objective ischaemia and/or myocardial injury and non-obstructive coronary artery disease underwent thermodilution-derived microcirculatory assessment and transcardiac blood sampling during graded exercise with adenosine-mediated hyperaemia. We measured MR at rest and following supine cycle ergometry. Patients (n=24) were stratified by the resting index of MR (IMR) into normal-IMR (IMR<22U, n=12) and high-IMR groups (IMR≥22U, n=12).ResultsThe mean age was 57 years; 67% were males and 38% had hypertension. The normal-IMR group had increased IMR response to exercise (16±5 vs 23±12U, p=0.03) compared with the high-IMR group, who had persistently elevated IMR at rest and following exercise (38±19 vs 33±15U, p=0.39) despite similar exercise duration and rate-pressure product between the groups, both p>0.05. The normal-IMR group had augmented oxygen extraction ratio following exercise (53±18 vs 64±11%, p=0.03) compared with the high-IMR group (65±14 vs 59±11%, p=0.26). The postexercise lactate uptake was greater in the high-IMR (0.04±0.05 vs 0.11±0.07 mmol/L, p=0.004) compared with normal-IMR group (0.08±0.06 vs 0.09±0.09 mmol/L, p=0.67). The high-IMR group demonstrated greater troponin release following exercise compared with the normal-IMR group (0.13±0.12 vs 0.001±0.05 ng/L, p=0.03).ConclusionsPatients with suspected CMD appear to have distinctive microcirculatory resistive and myocardial metabolic profiles at rest and in response to exercise. These differences in phenotypes may permit individualised therapies targeting microvascular responsiveness (normal-IMR group) and/or myocardial metabolic adaptations (normal-IMR and high-IMR groups).
Adverse events associated with microsurgial treatment for ruptured intracerebral aneurysms: a prospective nationwide study on subarachnoid haemorrhage in Sweden
Authors: Baldvinsdóttir Bryndís , Kronvall Erik , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Enblad Per , Lindvall Peter , Aineskog Helena , Friðriksson Steen , Klurfan Paula , Svensson Mikael , Alpkvist Peter , Hillman Jan , Eneling Johanna , Nilsson Ola G 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAdverse events (AEs) or complications may arise secondary to the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to identify AEs associated with microsurgical occlusion of ruptured aneurysms, as well as to analyse their risk factors and impact on functional outcome.MethodsPatients with aneurysmal SAH admitted to the neurosurgical centres in Sweden were prospectively registered during a 3.5-year period (2014–2018). AEs were categorised as intraoperative or postoperative. A range of variables from patient history and SAH characteristics were explored as potential risk factors for an AE. Functional outcome was assessed approximately 1 year after the bleeding using the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale.ResultsIn total, 1037 patients were treated for ruptured aneurysms, of which, 322 patients were treated with microsurgery. There were 105 surgical AEs in 97 patients (30%); 94 were intraoperative AEs in 79 patients (25%). Aneurysm rerupture occurred in 43 patients (13%), temporary occlusion of the parent artery >5 min in 26 patients (8%) and adjacent vessel injury in 25 patients (8%). High Fisher grade and brain oedema on CT were related to increased risk of AEs. At follow-up, 38% of patients had unfavourable outcome. Patients suffering AEs were more likely to have unfavourable outcome (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.69).ConclusionIntraoperative AEs occurred in 25% of patients treated with microsurgery for ruptured intracerebral aneurysm in this nationwide survey. Although most operated patients had favourable outcome, AEs were associated with increased risk of unfavourable outcome.
Time Series Analysis of Sentiment: A Comparison of the US and UK Coronavirus Subreddits
Authors: Harris Martyn , Levene Mark , Mudinas Andrius 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the social media response on Reddit to the COVID-19 pandemic during its first year (February 2020–2021). The emergence of region-specific subreddits allows us to compare the reactions of individuals posting their opinions on social media about the global pandemic from two perspectives — the UK and the US. In particular, we look at the volume of posts and comments on these two subreddits, and at the sentiment expressed in these posts and comments over time as a measure of the public level of engagement and response. Whilst an analysis of volume allows us to quantify how interested people are about the pandemic as it unfolds, sentiment analysis goes beyond this and informs us about how people respond towards the pandemic based on the textual content in the posts and comments. The research looks to develop a framework for analyzing the social response on Reddit to a large-scale event in terms of the level of engagement measured through post and comment volumes, and opinion measured through an analysis of sentiment applied to the post content. In order to compare the subreddits, we show the trend in the time series through the application of moving average methods. We also show how to identify the lag between time series and align them using cross-correlation. Moreover, once aligned, we apply moving correlations to the time series to measure their degree of correspondence to see if there is a similar response to the pandemic across the two groups (UK and US). The results indicate that both subreddits were posting in high volumes at specific points during the pandemic, and that, despite the generally negative sentiment in the posts and comments, a gradual decrease in negativity leading up to the start of 2021 is observed as measures are put in place by governments and organizations to contain the virus and provide necessary support the affected populations.
Representation Bias in Data: A Survey on Identification and Resolution Techniques
Authors: Shahbazi Nima , Lin Yin , Asudeh Abolfazl , Jagadish H. V. 
Published: March 2023

Data-driven algorithms are only as good as the data they work with, while datasets, especially social data, often fail to represent minorities adequately. Representation Bias in data can happen due to various reasons, ranging from historical discrimination to selection and sampling biases in the data acquisition and preparation methods. Given that “bias in, bias out,” one cannot expect AI-based solutions to have equitable outcomes for societal applications, without addressing issues such as representation bias. While there has been extensive study of fairness in machine learning models, including several review papers, bias in the data has been less studied. This article reviews the literature on identifying and resolving representation bias as a feature of a dataset, independent of how consumed later. The scope of this survey is bounded to structured (tabular) and unstructured (e.g., image, text, graph) data. It presents taxonomies to categorize the studied techniques based on multiple design dimensions and provides a side-by-side comparison of their properties.
There is still a long way to fully address representation bias issues in data. The authors hope that this survey motivates researchers to approach these challenges in the future by observing existing work within their respective domains.
Methionine-Mediated Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Transportation Induced by High-Fat Diet in Rice Field Eel (Monopterus Albus)
Authors: Hu Yajun , Zhang Junzhi , Cai Minglang , Chu Wuying , Hu Yi 
Published: March 2023

An eight-week feeding trial explored the mechanism that supplemented methionine (0 g/kg, 4 g/kg, 8 g/kg, and 12 g/kg) in a high-fat diet (120 g/kg fat) on intestinal lipid transportation and gut microbiota of M. Albus (initial weight

25.03
±
0.13

g) based on the diet (60 g/kg fat), named as Con, HFD+M0, HFD+M4, HFD+M8, and HFD+M12, respectively. Compared with Con, gastric amylase, lipase, trypsin (

P
<
0.05

), and intestinal lipase, amylase, trypsin, Na+/K+ -Adenosinetriphosphatase, depth of gastric fovea, and the number of intestinal villus goblet cells of HFD+M0 were markedly declined (

P
<
0.05

), while intestinal high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein of HFD+M0 were markedly enhanced (

P
<
0.05

); compared with HFD+M0, gastric lipase, amylase, trypsin, and intestinal lipase, trypsin, Na+/K+ -Adenosinetriphosphatase, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein -A, the height of intestinal villus and the number of intestinal villus goblet cells of HFD+M8 were remarkably enhanced (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with Con, intestinal occ, cl12, cl15, zo-1, zo-2 of HFD + M0 were markedly down-regulated (P <0.05), while intestinal vldlr, npc1l1, cd36, fatp1, fatp2, fatp6, fatp7, apo, apoa, apob, apof, apoo, mct1, mct2, mct4, mct7, mct12, lpl, mttp, moat2, dgat2 of HFD M0 were remarkably upregulated (

P
<
0.05

); compared with HFD+M0, intestinal gcn2 and eif2α of HFD+M8 were remarkably downregulated (

P
<
0.05

), intestinal occ, cl12, cl15, zo-1, zo-2, hdlbp, ldlrap, vldlr, cd36, fatp1, fatp2, fatp6, apo, apoa, apob, apof, apoo, mct1, mct2, mct8, mct12, lpl, mttp, moat2, and dgat2 were remarkably upregulated (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with Con, the diversity of gut microbiota of HFD+M0 was significantly declined (

P
<
0.05

), while the diversity of gut microbiota in HFD+M8 was significantly higher than that in HFD+M0 (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, a high-fat methionine deficiency diet destroyed the intestinal barrier, reduced the capacity of intestinal digestion and absorption, and disrupted the balance of gut microbiota; supplemented methionine promoted the digestion and absorption of lipids, and also improved the balance of gut microbiota.
Management of Urban Parking Lot Energy Efficiency with the Application of Wind Turbine and LED lights
Authors: Yuksek Bekir Z , Dakeev Ulan 
Published: March 2023

A study of a parking lot lighting of a large manufacturing company in Iowa was implemented to evaluate monthly energy consumption. Mercury light bulbs with 227W ratings on the light poles were replaced with low power energy efficient LEDs to increase the overall efficiency. Additionally, a small scale wind turbine was installed to supply power to experimental light poles. Migration from the current gas bulbs to the LED light results yielded about 60% energy savings, while capital gains due to the generation of wind energy returned about 80% savings per month which recovered initial investments on the assets. The environmental impact of this study cannot be neglected and it also provided opportunity for STEM education in colleges and wind energy awareness in the society in Iowa by showing benefits from current experiments. Details of the methods and analyses should be particularly useful to urban planners because they show how standard references on investment in automobile parking should be modified to include efficient energy management. The authors proposed new way to limit the cost of energy consumptions and environmental pollution on wildlife and human health. Research implications are discussed in terms of the impact of natural features in urban areas for reduction of green house gas emissions and promoting alternative energy sources.
Two Parameter Controller for a Single Machine Infinite Bus System
Authors: Narasimha Raja Ch. Varaha 
Published: March 2023

This paper shows the application of two parameter controller with internal-Model principle to a single machine- infinite bus system (SMIB), to achieve design specifications and disturbance rejection. In the two parameter model the feedback- compensator is used to achieve required transient response by pole placement and input compensator is used to achieve required steady state response. Finally this method concludes that the method is systematic, general and yields good results.
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Risk of Bleeding Events: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Mathews Lena , Hu Xiao , Ding Ning , Ishigami Junichi , Al Rifai Mahmoud , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Coresh Josef , Ballantyne Christie M. , Selvin Elizabeth , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: March 2023

Background
GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) is a potent predictor of bleeding in people with cardiovascular disease. However, whether GDF15 is associated with bleeding in individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease is unknown.

Methods and Results

The study population was from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. We studied the association of GDF15 with hospitalized bleeding events among 9205 participants (1993–1995) without prior bleeding and cardiovascular disease (mean age 60 years, 57% women, 21% Black). Plasma levels of GDF15 were measured in relative fluorescence units using DNA‐based aptamer technology. Bleeding was ascertained using discharge codes. We examined hazard ratios (HRs) of incident bleeding using Cox models and risk prediction with the addition of GDF15 to clinical predictors of bleeding. There were 1328 hospitalizations with bleeding during a median follow‐up of 22.5 years. The majority (76.5%) were because of gastrointestinal bleeding. The absolute incidence rate of bleeding per 1000 person‐years was 11.64 in the highest quartile of GDF15 versus 5.22 in the lowest quartile. The highest versus lowest quartile of GDF15 demonstrated an adjusted HR of 2.00 (95% CI, 1.69–2.35) for total bleeding. The findings were consistent when we examined bleeding as the primary discharge diagnosis. The addition of GDF15 to clinical predictors of bleeding improved the C‐statistic by 0.006 (0.002–0.011) from 0.684 to 0.690,
P
=0.008.

Conclusions
Higher levels of GDF15 were associated with bleeding events and improved the risk prediction beyond clinical predictors in individuals without cardiovascular disease.
Dominance, Language Experience, and Increased Interaction Effects on the Development of Pragmatic Knowledge in Heritage Bilingual Children
Authors: Sánchez Liliana , Goldin Michele , Hur Esther , Jimenez Abril , López Otero Julio César , Thane Patrick , Austin Jennifer , Markovits Rojas Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate whether dominance, language experience, and increased interaction have an effect on the development of heritage bilingual children’s knowledge of the discourse-pragmatic constraints guiding null and overt subjects. A group of child heritage bilinguals (n = 18, mean age = 5;5) and comparison groups of adults: Mexican Spanish monolinguals (n = 15), heritage bilinguals in the United States (n = 16), and English monolinguals in the United States (n = 16) completed a language background questionnaire, a portion of the Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment (BESA) in English and Spanish, a forced-choice task (FCT) in Spanish, and two acceptability judgment tasks (AJT s): one in English and one in Spanish. Results showed that heritage children and adults pattern similarly and differently from adult monolinguals. Increased interaction at home has a positive effect on accuracy in the pragmatic conditions that license null subjects in Spanish without affecting overt subject patterns in English, the dominant language.