bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Risk Score to Predict Mortality in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Yamga Eric , Mantena Sreekar , Rosen Darin , Bucholz Emily M. , Yeh Robert W. , Celi Leo A. , Ustun Berk , Butala Neel M. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Mortality prediction in critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock can guide triage and selection of potentially high‐risk treatment options.

Methods and Results

We developed and externally validated a checklist risk score to predict in‐hospital mortality among adults admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit with Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions Shock Stage C or greater cardiogenic shock using 2 real‐world data sets and Risk‐Calibrated Super‐sparse Linear Integer Modeling (RiskSLIM). We compared this model to those developed using conventional penalized logistic regression and published cardiogenic shock and intensive care unit mortality prediction models. There were 8815 patients in our training cohort (in‐hospital mortality 13.4%) and 2237 patients in our validation cohort (in‐hospital mortality 22.8%), and there were 39 candidate predictor variables. The final risk score (termed BOS,MA
2
) included maximum blood urea nitrogen ≥25 mg/dL, minimum oxygen saturation <88%, minimum systolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg, use of mechanical ventilation, age ≥60 years, and maximum anion gap ≥14 mmol/L, based on values recorded during the first 24 hours of intensive care unit stay. Predicted in‐hospital mortality ranged from 0.5% for a score of 0 to 70.2% for a score of 6. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.83 (0.82–0.84) in training and 0.76 (0.73–0.78) in validation, and the expected calibration error was 0.9% in training and 2.6% in validation.

Conclusions

Developed using a novel machine learning method and the largest cardiogenic shock cohorts among published models, BOS,MA
2
is a simple, clinically interpretable risk score that has improved performance compared with existing cardiogenic‐shock risk scores and better calibration than general intensive care unit risk scores.
Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation of the Contralesional Primary Motor Cortex for Promotion of Upper Limb Recovery After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vink Jord J.T. , van Lieshout Eline C.C. , Otte Willem M. , van Eijk Ruben P.A. , Kouwenhoven Mirjam , Neggers Sebastiaan F.W. , van der Worp H. Bart , Visser-Meily Johanna M.A. , Dijkhuizen Rick M. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Despite improvements in acute stroke therapies and rehabilitation strategies, many stroke patients are left with long-term upper limb motor impairment. We assessed whether an inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment paradigm started within 3 weeks after stroke onset promotes upper limb motor recovery.

METHODS:
We performed a single-center randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial. Patients with ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage and unilateral upper limb motor impairment were randomized to 10 daily sessions of active or sham continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) of the contralesional primary motor cortex combined with standard upper limb therapy, started within 3 weeks after stroke onset. The primary outcome was the change in the Action Research Arm Test score from baseline (pretreatment) at 3 months after stroke. Secondary outcomes included the score on the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months and the length of stay at the rehabilitation center. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed models for repeated measures.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 60 patients between April 2017 and February 2021, of whom 29 were randomized to active cTBS and 31 to sham cTBS. One patient randomized to active cTBS withdrew consent before the intervention and was excluded from the analyses. The mean difference in the change in Action Research Arm Test score from baseline at 3 months poststroke was 9.6 points ([95% CI, 1.2–17.9];
P
=0.0244) in favor of active cTBS. Active cTBS was associated with better scores on the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months (OR, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.1–0.8];
P
=0.0225) and with an 18 days shorter length of stay at the rehabilitation center than sham cTBS ([95% CI, 0.0–36.4];
P
=0.0494). There were no serious adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ten daily sessions of cTBS of the contralesional primary motor cortex combined with upper limb training, started within 3 weeks after stroke onset, promote recovery of the upper limb, reduce disability and dependence and leads to earlier discharge from the rehabilitation center.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://trialsearch.who.int/
; Unique identifier: NTR6133.
Transradial Versus Transfemoral Access for Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Elfil Mohamed , Ghaith Hazem S. , Doheim Mohamed F. , Aboutaleb Pakinam E. , Romeo Dominic , Salem Mohamed M. , Aladawi Mohammad , Jankowitz Brian T. , Burkhardt Jan‐Karl , Nguyen Thanh N. , Al‐Mufti Fawaz , Nogueira Raul G. 
Published: June 2023

Background
In patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke, a few studies have compared transradial access (TRA) to transfemoral access (TFA) with inconsistent results. We conducted this systematic review and meta‐analysis to provide comprehensive evidence regarding the comparison of procedural and clinical outcomes of TRA versus TFA in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive literature search of 4 electronic databases from inception until May 1, 2022. After title and full text screening, relevant data were extracted and then analyzed. For outcomes that constituted continuous data, the mean difference between the 2 groups and its SD were pooled. For outcomes that constituted dichotomous data, the frequency of events and the total number of patients in each group were pooled as odds ratio (OR) between the 2 groups.

Results

Nine observational studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The population of the studies was homogenous comprising a total of 2161 patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy, including 446 patients via TRA and 1715 patients via TFA. There were no significant differences across the 2 groups in terms of successful recanalization (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.55–1.25];
P
=0.36), complete recanalization (OR 1.16 [95% CI, 0.50–2.68];
P
=0.73), favorable functional outcomes (OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.53–1.41];
P
=0.56), first‐pass reperfusion (OR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.64–1.19];
P
=0.41), number of passes (mean difference, 0.12 [95% CI, −0.18 to 0.42];
P
=0.43), access‐to‐reperfusion time (mean difference, −3.92 minutes [95% CI, −9.49 to 1.65];
P
=0.17), or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.47–1.57];
P
=0.62). However, access site complications were significantly less frequent in the TRA group as compared with the TFA group (OR, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.06–0.51;
P
=0.001).

Conclusion
In patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke, the collective evidence suggests that TRA seems to result in lower rates of access site complications than TFA without significant compromise in other clinical or procedural metrics. Randomized or prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results.
Instructional Coaching Personnel and Program Scalability
Authors: Blazar David , McNamara Doug , Blue Genine 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Instructional coaching is an attractive alternative to one-size-fits-all teacher training and development in part because it is purposefully differentiated: Programming is aligned to individual teachers’ needs and implemented by an individual coach. But, how much of the benefit of coaching as an instructional improvement model depends on the specific coach with whom a teacher works? Collaborating with a national teacher training and development organization, TNTP, we find substantial variability in effectiveness across coaches in terms of changes in preservice teachers’ instructional practice (roughly 0.25 to 0.3 standard deviation from our preferred sample and models). The magnitude of coach effectiveness heterogeneity is quite similar to average coaching program effects on teaching practice identified in other research. Through a set of alternative model specifications and permutation tests, we rule out the possibility that our estimates of coach effectiveness heterogeneity are driven by nonrandom sorting of coaches to teachers, at least on observable characteristics available in our data, as well as the possibility that these estimates are simply statistical noise. These findings suggest that identifying, recruiting, and supporting highly skilled coaches will be key to scaling instructional coaching programs.
Unleashing the True Potential of Sequence-to-Sequence Models for Sequence Tagging and Structure Parsing
Authors: He Han , Choi Jinho D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sequence-to-Sequence (S2S) models have achieved remarkable success on various text generation tasks. However, learning complex structures with S2S models remains challenging as external neural modules and additional lexicons are often supplemented to predict non-textual outputs. We present a systematic study of S2S modeling using contained decoding on four core tasks: part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, constituency, and dependency parsing, to develop efficient exploitation methods costing zero extra parameters. In particular, 3 lexically diverse linearization schemas and corresponding constrained decoding methods are designed and evaluated. Experiments show that although more lexicalized schemas yield longer output sequences that require heavier training, their sequences being closer to natural language makes them easier to learn. Moreover, S2S models using our constrained decoding outperform other S2S approaches using external resources. Our best models perform better than or comparably to the state-of-the-art for all 4 tasks, lighting a promise for S2S models to generate non-sequential structures.
Human Responses to Climate Change in the Second Millennium AD
Authors: Chimwanda Acquiline 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The history of past civilisations in southern Africa from AD 700 to AD 1450 has engendered unresolved debates on the social complexities and ultimate decline of these powerful states. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of the Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe state systems in southern Africa through an environmental perspective by taking into consideration human responses to persistent droughts and dry spells. The theories underpinning this study are derived from contemporary societal responses to similar environmental hardships in the Bikita and Chivi districts of southern Zimbabwe. Using rainfall data, and interviews with chiefs, villagers, farmers and experts, this study notes that the occurrence of droughts and dry-spell experiences interfere with sociopolitical organisation. The concepts of sustainability, resilience and transformation are used to explain what could have transpired in societies in southern Africa in the second millennium AD in the face of persistent droughts and dry spells.
Missionaries’ Children and the Bible: A Critical Response to Some Theological and Missiological Views
Authors: Bakker Freek L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article scrutinizes some biblical texts playing an important role in motivating missionaries to separate from their children on a young age so that they were able to receive proper school education. The children received this schooling on a place far away and often also in another country. Thorough analysis demonstrates that the meaning of these texts was almost always different from the sense many missionaries and mission organizations extracted from them. Mirabile dictu these biblical pericopes were very seldom discussed within missiological academic literature.
Biomimicry in STEM Education
Authors: Vasinayanuwatana Thanika , Plianram Suwannee 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The integration of biomimicry with the biology subject was proposed as a teaching approach that was a productive way to support a group of pre-service teachers to teach STEM. This article focuses on the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of biomimicry, designing, and transformation of the design to teach STEM procedures. The study was set up in the context of a compulsory course during pandemics. A qualitative case study was used. The data were collected and analyzed by using descriptive and inductive thematic analysis. For the findings, the majority of pre-service teachers perceived biomimicry by connecting it to the basic knowledge of evolution theory. Two main approaches of noticeable biomimicry design which were performed by the pre-service teachers consisted of identifying problems to biology, and examining nature to design. This study has implications for educators trying to establish biomimicry activities to support and develop science teachers to take on the challenge in STEM teaching.
Reviewing Design Thinking in and out of Education
Authors: Park Hyejin , Kim Mi Song , Ifewulu Henrietta Amaka 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Design thinking has gained increasing importance in addressing the challenges faced in diverse fields. Even so, although various concepts and definitions of design thinking have been discussed in the previous literature, it still seems to be a vague area where researchers have a limited understanding of its process and methodologies and how it can be utilized effectively. Meanwhile, education is one of the domains where design thinking has been adopted; however, educational researchers still need to work on defining what it means to design thinkers in teaching and learning contexts. To address these challenges, this review research comprehensively investigates research trends in design thinking in and out of education during the past 20 years. Conducting a scientometric analysis and visualization, how design thinking has been developed was explored, comparing key topics and research evolution in education with those in non-educational domains. Implications derived from the findings are addressed.
Impact of Mode-S Enhanced Surveillance Weather Observations on Weather Forecasts over the MetCoOp Northern European Model Domain
Authors: Lindskog Magnus , Azad Roohollah , de Haan Siebren , Blomster Jesper , Ridal Martin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Meteorological Cooperation on Operational Numeric Weather Prediction (MetCoOp) is a northern European collaboration on operational numerical weather prediction based on a common limited-area, kilometer-scale ensemble system. The initial states of this model are produced using a three-dimensional, variational, data assimilation scheme utilizing a large number of observations from conventional in situ measurements, weather radars, global navigation satellite systems, advanced scatterometer data, and satellite radiances. Since 2019, the MetCoOp system was enhanced by utilization of observations based on selective mode (Mode-S) enhanced surveillance (EHS) reports that are broadcast by aircraft in response to interrogation from air traffic control radar. These observations, obtained from the European Meteorological Aircraft Derived Data Center, are used to derive indirect information of atmospheric wind speed and temperature. The use of these observations compensated for the considerably reduced number of direct aircraft observations encountered as an effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The MetCoOp observation handling system is described, with emphasis on Mode-S EHS data. The quality of these observations is evaluated, and we show that they are suitable to be used in MetCoOp data assimilation. The impact on average forecast verification scores of the additional Mode-S EHS data is slightly positive. The benefit of using Mode-S EHS was demonstrated for an individual case and also a demonstration of utilizing the Stockholm Arlanda receiver data in assimilation has been performed.
Validity Index for Clustered Data in Non-negative Space
Authors: Modak Soumita 
Published: June 2023

We propose a novel nonparametric cluster validity index which can be used to evaluate the unknown number of existing clusters prevailing a data set, to assess the quality of classification for a clustered set of data members, or to compare the clustering output obtained from different algorithms. Our efficient measure depends only on the observation-wise distances of the non-negative clustered data from their origin given in an arbitrary dimensional space. Its fast implementation makes it appealing for big data analysis, whereas the high-dimensional applicability widens its usefulness. Easy interpretation, simple algorithm, speedy computation and great performance, shown in terms of data study, establish our advised validity index as a strong cluster accuracy measure among the acknowledged ones from the literature. AMS subject classification: 62H30
Pregnancy outcomes in 16 women with previous catheter-directed thrombolysis and stenting for acute left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Zhou Yadong , Chen Yingying , Xue Ming , Zheng Xuexun , Guan Yunbiao 
Published: June 2023

Background Whether iliac vein stents affect pregnancy or whether they will be affected by pregnancy was rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to report our experience of pregnancy in women who received thrombolysis and stenting for a previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods 16 patients with previous stenting for treatment of acute left iliofemoral DVT who had subsequent pregnancies were identified. Patient demographic information and outcomes were recorded. Duplex scanning and venography were performed as scheduled to evaluate the patency of stents in perinatal period and at 12 months after delivery. Results None of the patients had a hemorrhagic complication and recurrent venous thromboembolism during their pregnancies and postpartum. No stent compression/occlusion and structural damage occurrence in all patients during follow-up. Conclusion Pregnancy managed with prophylactic dalteparin resulted in no re-thrombotic events or structural damage to the iliac stents and did not appear to negatively affect pregnancy outcomes.
Assumptions on decision making and environment can yield multiple steady states in microbial community models
Authors: Theorell Axel , Stelling Jörg 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Microbial community simulations using genome scale metabolic networks (GSMs) are relevant for many application areas, such as the analysis of the human microbiome. Such simulations rely on assumptions about the culturing environment, affecting if the culture may reach a metabolically stationary state with constant microbial concentrations. They also require assumptions on decision making by the microbes: metabolic strategies can be in the interest of individual community members or of the whole community. However, the impact of such common assumptions on community simulation results has not been investigated systematically.

Results
Here, we investigate four combinations of assumptions, elucidate how they are applied in literature, provide novel mathematical formulations for their simulation, and show how the resulting predictions differ qualitatively. Our results stress that different assumption combinations give qualitatively different predictions on microbial coexistence by differential substrate utilization. This fundamental mechanism is critically under explored in the steady state GSM literature with its strong focus on coexistence states due to crossfeeding (division of labor). Furthermore, investigating a realistic synthetic community, where the two involved strains exhibit no growth in isolation, but grow as a community, we predict multiple modes of cooperation, even without an explicit cooperation mechanism.

Conclusions
Steady state GSM modelling of microbial communities relies both on assumed decision making principles and environmental assumptions. In principle, dynamic flux balance analysis addresses both. In practice, our methods that address the steady state directly may be preferable, especially if the community is expected to display multiple steady states.
Pest status, molecular evolution, and epigenetic factors derived from the genome assembly of Frankliniella fusca, a thysanopteran phytovirus vector
Authors: Catto Michael A. , Labadie Paul E. , Jacobson Alana L. , Kennedy George G. , Srinivasan Rajagopalbabu , Hunt Brendan G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds; family Thripidae; order Thysanoptera) is an important pest that can transmit viruses such as the tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus to numerous economically important agricultural row crops and vegetables. The structural and functional genomics within the order Thysanoptera has only begun to be explored. Within the > 7000 known thysanopteran species, the melon thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) and the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergrande) are the only two thysanopteran species with assembled genomes.

Results
A genome of F. fusca was assembled by long-read sequencing of DNA from an inbred line. The final assembly size was 370 Mb with a single copy ortholog completeness of ~ 99% with respect to Insecta. The annotated genome of F. fusca was compared with the genome of its congener, F. occidentalis. Results revealed many instances of lineage-specific differences in gene content. Analyses of sequence divergence between the two Frankliniella species’ genomes revealed substitution patterns consistent with positive selection in ~ 5% of the protein-coding genes with 1:1 orthologs. Further, gene content related to its pest status, such as xenobiotic detoxification and response to an ambisense-tripartite RNA virus (orthotospovirus) infection was compared with F. occidentalis. Several F. fusca genes related to virus infection possessed signatures of positive selection. Estimation of CpG depletion, a mutational consequence of DNA methylation, revealed that F. fusca genes that were downregulated and alternatively spliced in response to virus infection were preferentially targeted by DNA methylation. As in many other insects, DNA methylation was enriched in exons in Frankliniella, but gene copies with homology to DNA methyltransferase 3 were numerous and fragmented. This phenomenon seems to be relatively unique to thrips among other insect groups.

Conclusions
The F. fusca genome assembly provides an important resource for comparative genomic analyses of thysanopterans. This genomic foundation allows for insights into molecular evolution, gene regulation, and loci important to agricultural pest status.