bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of trifluoromethyl organosilicon cycloaliphatic epoxy monomers for cationic photopolymerization
Authors: Xie Jin , Hu Yunlang , Gao Yanjing , Sun Fang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cycloaliphatic epoxy compounds have been widely used as the monomers in cationic photopolymerization and the fluorine‐modified organosilicon materials combine the merits of both organosilicon and organofluorine. In this work, three trifluoromethyl organosilicon cycloaliphatic epoxy monomers with different chain length (CE‐FSin, n = 3, 6, 9) were designed and prepared by using a facile two‐step synthesis and very competitive raw materials. CE‐FSin showed good ability to cationically photopolymerize. The final conversion of the alicyclic epoxy group of CE‐FSin systems reached up to 84.0% under the irradiation for 900 s. The addition of CE‐FSin enhanced the surface water repellency, heat resistance, elongation at break and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured film because of the presence of organosilicon chain and trifluoromethyl group of CE‐FSin. The cured film of CE‐FSi3‐0.5% had the largest water contact angle (105.0°), while the cured film of CE‐FSi9‐0.5% had tensile strength of 0.49 MPa and elongation at break of 68.51% that was three folds as that of the blank control. The addition of CE‐FSin had no obvious influences on the adhesion forces of the cured films, but decreased the pencil hardness.
An insight into microbial sources, classification, and industrial applications of xylanases: A rapid review
Authors: Kaur Damanjeet , Joshi Amit , Sharma Varruchi , Batra Navneet , Sharma Anil K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEndo 1,4‐β‐d‐xylanases (EC3.2.1.8) are one of the key lignocellulose hydrolyzing enzymes. Xylan, which is present in copious amounts on earth, forms the primary substrate of endo‐xylanases, which can unchain the constituent monosaccharides linked via β‐1,4‐glycosidic bonds from the xylan backbone. Researchers have shown keen interest in the xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 10 and 11, whereas those placed in other glycoside hydrolase families are yet to be investigated. Various microbes such as bacteria and fungi harbor these enzymes for the metabolism of their lignocellulose fibers. These microbes can be used as miniature biofactories of xylanase enzymes for a plethora of environmentally benign applications in pulp and paper industry, biofuel production, and for improving the quality of food in bread baking and fruit juice industry. This review highlights the potential of microbes in production of xylanase for industrial biotechnology.
A RaPID Macrocyclic Peptide That Inhibits the Formation of α‐Synuclein Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Ikenoue Tatsuya , Oono Miki , So Masatomo , Yamakado Hodaka , Arata Toshiaki , Takahashi Ryosuke , Kawata Yasushi , Suga Hiroaki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is considerable interest in drug discovery targeting the aggregation of α‐synuclein (αSyn) since this molecular process is closely associated with Parkinson's disease. However, inhibiting αSyn aggregation remains a major challenge because of its highly dynamic nature which makes it difficult to form a stable binding complex with a drug molecule. Here, by exploiting Random non‐standard Peptides Integrated Discovery (RaPID) system, we identified a macrocyclic peptide, BD1, that could interact with immobilized αSyn and inhibit the formation of fibrils. Furthermore, improving the solubility of BD1 suppresses the co‐aggregation with αSyn fibrils while it kinetically inhibits more effectively without change in their morphology. We also revealed the molecular mechanism of kinetic inhibition, where peptides bind to fibril ends of αSyn, thereby preventing further growth of fibrils. These results suggest that our approach for generating non‐standard macrocyclic peptides is a promising approach for developing potential therapeutics against neurodegeneration.
Urea Electrooxidation in Alkaline Environment: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Wang Hongdan , Zheng Xingqun , Fang Ling , Lu Shun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUrea is an important chemical in agricultural, biosystem and chemical engineering. It can not only be a fertilizer and feed supplement, but also converted into electricity and hydrogen based on the counterpart half‐reactions. In this concept, we demonstrated the fundamental mechanism of electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and its various applications on environmental, energy and healthcare devices with typical examples. UOR providing potential directions for the electrochemical treatment of urea‐contained wastewater were also introduced in this concept. This work is not focused on electrocatalyst design, but rather offers instructive guidance for the UOR developments in environmental, energy, and healthcare devices.
LONGITUDINAL SHEAR TRANSFER IN COMPOSITE STEEL TRUSS AND CONCRETE (CSTC) BEAMS
Authors: Vigneri Valentino , Kroyer Robert , China Stefano , Argentoni Alessio , Taras Andreas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Composite Steel Truss and Concrete (CSTC) beam represents an effective and structurally economical solution which can look back to a long tradition of successful use in Italy. This type of structural element consists of a truss made of structural steel which is partly or entirely encased in in‐situ cast concrete. The shear transfer mechanisms activated in these elements do not rely on dedicated shear connectors but on a mechanical interlocking between the truss and the surrounding concrete. In order to investigate the shear transfer mechanism and to support the development of appropriate design rules, 39 push‐out tests have been planned in accordance with EN 1994‐1‐1 B.2 testing procedure and they are presented in this work. Also, a finite element (FE) model was developed to study in detail the stress and strain field of the specimens. This paper will present the findings of the experimental campaign and numerical studies on the longitudinal shear transfer in CSTC beams.
Persistent and Predominantly Localized Boron Radical from the Reduction of a Three‐Dimensional Analogue of NHC‐Stabilized Borafluorenium
Authors: Xiang Libo , Wang Junyi , Krummenacher Ivo , Radacki Krzysztof , Braunschweig Holger , Lin Zhenyang , Ye Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this contribution, we reported the three‐dimensional (3D) analogues of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized 9‐borafluorenium and 9‐borafluorene radical. The radical was fully characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. The distinct boron‐centered radical character of 9‐borafluorene radical was corroborated by DFT calculations and EPR analysis.
Interfacial Polymer Engineered Field Effect Transistor Biosensors for Rapid and Efficient Identification of SARS‐CoV‐2 N Antigen
Authors: Peng Qiumin , Huang Wanting , Chen Duo , Gao Zhipeng , Yang Yanbing , Yuan Quan 
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive SummaryWith the advantages of high sensitivity, rapid response, label‐free, and simple operation, field effect transistor biosensors have shown promising application prospects in large‐scale pathogen screening. However, in practical biological fluids with relatively high ionic strength, such as saliva and serum, the Debye screening effect will weaken the interaction between FET biosensors and target bio‐molecules, thereby affecting the sensing sensitivity and accuracy. Herein, an interfacial polymer‐engineered field effect transistor (IPE FET) biosensor was developed for the efficient identification of SARS‐CoV‐2 N antigens in saliva samples. The inclusion of a polymer layer shortens the distance between target molecules and the electrode interface, which effectively overcomes the limitation of Debye screening. The constructed IPE FET biosensors exhibit high sensitivity and anti‐fouling capability, achieving efficient detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 N antigen in saliva within 5 min with a detection limit of 4.6 fg·mL−1. In a cohort of 35 simulated throat swab samples of SARS‐CoV‐2 N antigen, IPE FET exhibits an identification accuracy of up to 97.1%, with predictive sensitivity and specificity of 96.0% and 100.0%, respectively. The excellent performance of IPE FET not only provides a strategy to design efficient detection platforms but also suggests a pathway to realize rapid and scalable epidemic screening.
A single switch hybrid quadratic converter for grid‐integrated renewable energy system
Authors: Thirukkuralkani K. N. , Srinivasan K. , Karthikeyan V. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryTo interface the electricity grid with renewable energy system applications, the system voltage is to be stepped up to a higher level. Here, the interfacing converter along with the transformer unit becomes an essential stage. Due to this traditional approach and the presence of a transformer, the size and cost of the entire unit are higher and reduce the efficiency of the system drastically with large space requirements, especially under light load conditions. To overcome this limitation, various dc‐dc converters have been proposed by researchers; however, the components' utilization and operation range of duty cycles are higher to obtain a higher voltage level. This particular paper proposes a novel single‐switch hybrid quadratic converter (HQC) for a grid‐integrated renewable energy system. The main objective of this proposed approach is to minimize the components count utilized in the converter with lower device stress to achieve higher gain; hence, it improvises the efficiency. The operational waveforms and mathematical relations based on the corresponding equivalent circuit are discussed in detail. To understand and analyze the merits of various performance parameters, the detailed comparative performance of the proposed HQC with existing converters is summarized in this paper. Finally, to validate and verify the novelty, the 500‐W experimental prototype was built and experimental results were captured and presented in this paper. It is observed that the proposed HQC can yield an efficiency of more than 95% under a lower range of duty cycles.
An input‐parallel output‐series wireless power transfer scheme for automatic vehicle modular and misalignment‐tolerant charging
Authors: Zhang Fan , Xiao Yong , Wan Leke , Qian Bin , Cai Changsong , Lin Xiaoming , Tang Jianlin 
Published: April 2023

SummaryFor ameliorating the energy pick‐up capability of wireless charging during the movement of automatic vehicles, this paper proposes an input‐parallel output‐series wireless power transfer (WPT) scheme with modular extension and misalignment tolerance. Dual inductor‐capacitor‐capacitor (LCC) and series capacitor compensated WPT channels are included in this scheme. Input ports at the transmitter (Tx) side are in parallel, which shares an identical voltage source, and output ports at the receiver (Rx) side are in series for modular expansion of output capacity. Asymmetrical coupling coils based on the magnetic field distribution optimization of Tx coils are employed in this design for the tolerance performance under Rx misalignments. An output voltage control method at the Tx side is implemented to regulate the output voltage of each channel without communication. The phase and amplitude of each channel's output are actively consistent through the control, thereby improving the WPT efficiency and avoiding channel damage due to excessive output. Finally, a scaled‐down WPT prototype is established, and the performance of the proposed scheme is verified by experimental results.
Logistic‐growth models measuring density feedback are sensitive to population declines, but not fluctuating carrying capacity
Authors: Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Herrando‐Pérez Salvador 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnalysis of long‐term trends in abundance of animal populations provides insights into population dynamics. Population growth rates are the emergent interplay of inter alia fertility, survival, and dispersal. However, the density feedbacks operating on some vital rates (“component feedback”) can be decoupled from density feedbacks on population growth rates estimated using abundance time series (“ensemble feedback”). Many of the mechanisms responsible for this decoupling are poorly understood, thereby questioning the validity of using logistic‐growth models versus vital rates to infer long‐term population trends. To examine which conditions lead to decoupling, we simulated age‐structured populations of long‐lived vertebrates experiencing component density feedbacks on survival. We then quantified how imposed stochasticity in survival rates, density‐independent mortality (catastrophes, harvest‐like removal of individuals) and variation in carrying capacity modified the ensemble feedback in abundance time series simulated from age‐structured populations. The statistical detection of ensemble density feedback from census data was largely unaffected by density‐independent processes. Long‐term population decline caused from density‐independent mortality was the main mechanism decoupling the strength of component versus ensemble density feedbacks. Our study supports the use of simple logistic‐growth models to capture long‐term population trends, mediated by changes in population abundance, when survival rates are stochastic, carrying capacity fluctuates, and populations experience moderate catastrophic mortality over time.
We are memory: B‐cell responses in allergy and tolerance
Authors: Pfützner Wolfgang , Polakova Alexandra , Möbs Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe significance of B‐cell memory in sustaining IgE‐mediated allergies but also ensuring the development of long‐term allergen tolerance has remained enigmatic. However, well‐thought murine and human studies have begun to shed more light on this highly disputed subject. The present mini review highlights important aspects, like the involvement of IgG1 memory B cells, the meaning of low‐ or high‐affinity IgE antibody production, the impact of allergen immunotherapy, or the relevance of local memory established by ectopic lymphoid structures. Based on recent findings, future investigations should lead to deeper knowledge and the development of improved therapies treating allergic individuals.
Enhanced Mott cell formation linked with IgM Fc receptor (FcμR) deficiency
Authors: Mahmoudi Aliabadi Pedram , Al‐Qaisi Khlowd , Jani Peter K. , Honjo Kazuhito , Klemm Uwe , Lee Kyeong‐Hee , Baumgarth Nicole , Radbruch Andreas , Melchers Fritz , Kubagawa Hiromi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn previous studies, Mott cells, an unusual form of plasma cells containing Ig‐inclusion bodies, were frequently observed in peripheral lymphoid tissues in our IgM Fc receptor (FcμR)‐deficient (KO) mouse strain. Because of discrepancies in the reported phenotypes of different Fcmr KO mouse strains, we here examined two additional available mutant strains and confirmed that such enhanced Mott‐cell formation was a general phenomenon associated with FcμR deficiency. Splenic B cells from Fcmr KO mice clearly generated more Mott cells than those from WT mice when stimulated in vitro with LPS alone or a B‐1, but not B‐2, activation cocktail. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the Ig variable regions of a single IgMλ+ Mott‐hybridoma clone developed from splenic B‐1 B cells of Fcmr KO mice revealed the near (VH) or complete (Vλ) identity with the corresponding germline gene segments and the addition of six or five nucleotides at the VH/DH and DH/JH junctions, respectively. Transduction of an FcμR cDNA into the Mott hybridoma significantly reduced cells containing IgM‐inclusion bodies with a concomitant increase in IgM secretion, leading to secreted IgM binding to FcμR expressed on Mott transductants. These findings suggest a regulatory role of FcμR in the formation of Mott cells and IgM‐inclusion bodies.
Swelling and flow of expanding clays as a cause for non‐tectonic deformations in a glacial–interglacial environment: Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
Authors: Jurewicz Edyta , Karnkowski Paweł , Czarnecka‐Skwarek Anna , Wójcik Emilia , Gawriuczenkow Ireneusz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNot all deformational structures are tectonic in nature. Those that do not form under the influence of endogenic causes, but are the result of, for example, gravity, compaction or diapiric extrusion, are referred to as non‐tectonic phenomena. An example of such deformation is the steep and overturned dips of Callovian and Oxfordian layers in the gently folded Mesozoic cover of the Holy Cross Mountains. Their steepening was a result of processes taking place in the underlying ductile formations of Keuper–Rhaetian (Upper Triassic) and Bathonian, slightly enhanced by glaciotectonics. The latter are dominated by claystones, with a minor share of mudstones and sandstones. Their plasticity was due to a significant share of mixed‐layer minerals of smectite‐illite type, which under conditions of high water could swell. Low‐density water‐saturated clays were extruded from under the edge of a limestone slab leading to its deformation. The diapiric flow of the clay‐mass was stimulated by low temperature, high water saturation of rocks and mechanical disintegration associated with freeze–thaw processes during the Pleistocene.
Biomimetic and bioinspired nano‐platforms for cancer vaccine development
Authors: Feng Chenchao , Tan Peng , Nie Guangjun , Zhu Motao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treating modalities of cancer. Cancer vaccine, aiming to harness the host immune system to induce a tumor‐specific killing effect, holds great promises for its broad patient coverage, high safety, and combination potentials. Despite promising, the clinical translation of cancer vaccines faces obstacles including the lack of potency, limited options of tumor antigens and adjuvants, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Biomimetic and bioinspired nanotechnology provides new impetus for the designing concepts of cancer vaccines. Through mimicking the stealth coating, pathogen recognition pattern, tissue tropism of pathogen, and other irreplaceable properties from nature, biomimetic and bioinspired cancer vaccines could gain functions such as longstanding, targeting, self‐adjuvanting, and on‐demand cargo release. The specific behavior and endogenous molecules of each type of living entity (cell or microorganism) offer unique features to cancer vaccines to address specific needs for immunotherapy. In this review, the strategies inspired by eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and viruses will be overviewed for advancing cancer vaccine development. Our insights into the future cancer vaccine development will be shared at the end for expediting the clinical translation.
Potatoes dormancy release and sprouting commencement: A review on current and future prospects
Authors: Hu Qiannan , Tang Caitian , Zhou Xinyu , Yang Xiangzheng , Luo Zisheng , Wang Lei , Yang Mingyi , Li Dong , Li Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Nevertheless, due to food safety concerns, substantial amounts of potatoes are not utilized, resulting in losses. Dormancy development is affected by potato variety, temperature, light, humidity, and so forth. Traditional and novel techniques to detect potato dormancy have been developed based on infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral, and multispectral imaging systems in combination with simulation verification. This review describes the ability of novel approaches to address the uncertain hazardous issue and delay or inhibit potato dormancy incidence and development. Further, this review describes the role of carbohydrate metabolism and phytohormone regulation involved in potato dormancy, the mechanism of action to address dormancy, and challenges and recommendations moving forward. More work is needed to develop novel approaches toward addressing the problem of potato germination after harvest.
A deep conventional neural network model for glioma tumor segmentation
Authors: Ayadi Wadhah , Elhamzi Wajdi , Atri Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlioma represents one of the most aggressive cancers, which can develop in the brain. The automatic tumor segmentation and its sub‐regions represent a challenging task owing to their considerable structural variation. It can appear in different ways and with several shapes, which makes tissue identification a crucial task. Reliable and accurate segmentation presents an important component in tumor treatment and diagnosis planning. To overcome these drawbacks, various Deep Learning (DL) schemes are proposed to aid doctors. In this paper, a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) scheme for glioma segmentation was proposed. Our suggested technique consists of three phases. First, we use intensity normalization to ameliorate the image quality as a preprocessing step. Second, an automatic segmentation technique based on CNN has been proposed. The new model has several layers. Finally, and with the goal of refining the segmentation results, we employ a post‐processing approach. We use the public benchmark BraTS datasets from 2018 and 2020 with low‐grade and high‐grade glioma tumors to test the suggested framework. These datasets contain about 285 and 369 patients, respectively. The four modalities are exploited. Each patient has about 155 2D images from every modality. All the images have the same size (240 × 240 pixels). Our technique performs well compared to new methods, with Dice scores of 0.88 for the Whole Tumor, 0.84 for Tumor Core, and 0.71 for Enhancing Tumor based on the first dataset. According to the second dataset, the three regions had an average of 0.88, 0.9, and 0.75, respectively. The Jaccard indexes for the first data set are 0.8, 0.73, and 0.56 for the three regions, respectively. The second data set attains 0.8, 0.82, and 0.6 for the three regions. The results show that the suggested framework is an excellent way to segment data, especially compared to other methods.
Design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, DFT, and molecular docking studies of pyridine‐pyrazole‐based dihydro‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles against various bacterial and fungal targets
Authors: Desai Nisheeth , Jadeja Dharmpalsinh , Monapara Jahnvi , Panda Saroj Kumar , Rana Malay Kumar , Dave Bharti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance which is increasing at an alarming rate is a severe public health issue worldwide. Hence, the development of novel antibiotics is an urgent need as microbes have developed resistance against available antibiotics. In search of novel antimicrobial agents, a convenient route for the preparation of substituted 3‐(1‐phenyl‐3‐(p‐tolyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐(2‐phenyl‐5‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐3(2H)‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones (6a–6o) has been adopted by using pyridine‐3‐carbohydrazide and various aromatic aldehydes. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using various spectral techniques, for example, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Synthesized hybrids were studied for in vitro antimicrobial potency against various bacterial and fungal strains. Antibacterial results revealed that compounds 6e, 6h, 6i, 6l, and 6m were found to be most active against bacterial strains as they showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 62.5 μg/mL while compounds 6d, 6e, and 6h showed MIC value of 200 μg/mL against Candida albicans. The quantum parameters that relate to the bioavailability of the compounds were computed, followed by docking with different bacterial and fungal targets like sortase A, dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate kinase, gyrase B, sterol 14‐alpha demethylase. The experimental and computational results are in good agreement.