bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of C-MAC Miller blade video laryngoscope with conventional Miller blade in infants undergoing elective surgery- A prospective randomised trial
Authors: Manhas Samriti , Agrawal Nidhi , Jain Swati , Sharma Ridhima , Choudhary Ripon 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Endotracheal intubation (ET) in infants is considered a challenging task over the decades. Infants have short safe apnoea time, and this difficulty has been vanquished to some extent by using the videolaryngoscopes (VLs), but there exists a dearth of research particularly in this vulnerable subset. Therefore, this trial was conducted to evaluate intubation times obtained with C-MAC VL and conventional Miller laryngoscopes in infants.

Methods:
A total of 80 infants aged between 1 month and 1 year with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II requiring ET were randomised in two groups; the C-MAC VL or Miller laryngoscope ML. Anaesthesia was induced with sevoflurane 1–8% and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg IV. The primary outcome was evaluated as the total time taken to intubate. Secondary outcomes were time to achieve best glottic view (TBGV), tube insertion time (TIT), percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score, number of attempts and intubation difficulty score (IDS).

Results:
The median (interquartile range) of time taken for ET was less in VL; 22.5 (20.75–26) compared to ML; 26 (21.75–31). TBGV was achieved early in VL group than the ML group (6.03 ± 1.33s/7.88 ± 2.44) respectively (P-value < 0.001). POGO was better in VL (99.12 ± 4.795s) compared to ML (85.50 ± 31.13s). IDS was less in the VL group (0.07 ± 0.27) than in ML (0.70 ± 1.14). Other parameters, such as the number of attempts, bougie usage, adverse effects and TIT, were comparable across the two groups.

Conclusion:
When compared to the ML group, the C-MAC VL group exhibited a decreased intubation time, early TBGV, better POGO score, reduced IDS and subjective intubation difficulty. As a result, we consider VL to be a more efficacious device for intubating the trachea in infants.
Evaluating the effectiveness of tranexamic acid administration in reducing bleeding in benign prostate hyperplasia patients underwent open prostatectomy: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sichani Mehrdad Mohammadi , Mohammadi Sina , Khorrami Mohammad Hatef , Zargham Mahtab , Javid Amir , Dehghani Mehdi , Gholipour Farshad , Dehkordi Pardis Rafei , Kazemi Reza 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Blood loss of postoperative after prostate surgery could be related with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is both a potent inhibitor of plasminogen and urokinase activators and a low molecular weight substance that is excreted unchanged in the urinary tract and can be administered both orally and intravenously. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness TXA administration in reducing bleeding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients who underwent open prostatectomy.

Materials and Methods:
This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with BPH who underwent open prostatectomy. The first group received TXA (1 gr IV from during surgery to 48 h after surgery, 3 times/day). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the two groups were compared in terms of bleeding rate. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and platelet (Plt) counts were also assessed before and after the intervention.

Results:
Intervention and control groups were comparable in terms of basic and baseline values of variables at the beginning of the study (P > 0.05). The mean bleeding volume in TXA group was significantly lower than the control group 112.11 ± 53.5 and 190.00 ± 97.5 CC; P ≤ 0.001). Mean hospitalization (3.28±0.46 vs. 4.38 ± 0.95 days P < 0.001) and surgery duration (98.11 ± 37.11 vs. 128.00 ± 39.12 h; P = 0.001) were significantly lower in TXA group compared to control intervention.

Conclusion:
According to the findings of the current study, the administration of TXA led to reduce bleeding in BPH patients who underwent open prostatectomy. Furthermore, the mean Hb, HCT, levels were significantly affected by TXA. TXA treatment approach also can reduce the surgery and hospitalization time effectively. TXA approach is recommended as effective procedure in BPH patients who underwent open prostatectomy.
Family-centered collaborative care for patients with chronic mental illness: A systematic review
Authors: Dehbozorgi Raziye , Shahriari Mohsen , Fereidooni-Moghadam Malek , Moghimi-Sarani Ebrahim 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Chronic mental illnesses (CMI) are long lasting and reoccurring and require continuous care as well as an integrated and collaborative approach to organize the care. This study sought to examine whether family centered collaborative care is an acceptable treatment option for individuals with CMI.

Materials and Methods:
From the years 2000 to 2021, ten electronic databases relating to family centered collaborative care for mental illness were searched adopting Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis checklist. Twenty seven relevant articles and a thesis from among 6956 studies retrieved, were assessed their quality appraisal through four standardized tools. The studies were rated as good, moderate, or poor. Studies were calibrated, different opinions were discussed, and extracted data were done.

Results:
Evidence included 11 randomized controlled trials (from 19 articles), one randomized control trial, three mixed methods studies (from 3 articles and 1 thesis), and a qualitative study (from 4 articles). The quality of seven studies was good, 15 were moderate quality, and seven were poor quality. According to moderate to high quality qualitative research, family centered collaborative care was considered an acceptable intervention; though a few studies supported it.

Conclusion:
The findings demonstrated that family involvement in the care of patients with CMI affects no recurrence of the disease, and no re hospitalization of patients with this disorder. As a result, engaging family members in the care process can have a positive impact on the health and well being of these patients.
Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitude towards Body Donation among Medical and Paramedical Students
Authors: Behera Sarita , Chowdhury Ravindra Kumar , Sar Mamata , Mishra Srikanta Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Cadavers are the mainstay of learning anatomy by dissection. Due to insufficient awareness of body donation, most of the medical institutions are facing a shortage of cadavers. Health-care professionals should have knowledge about the complete process of body donation, so that they can become motivators of organ and body donation. The present study was conducted to determine and compare the awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding body donation among medical and paramedical students.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted among 182 medical and 119 paramedical students through a pretested semistructured questionnaire via a Google form. The Chi-square test was used for the estimation of the P value.

Results:
96.7% of medical students and 93.2% of paramedical students had heard about the concept of body donation. 31.8%medical and 49.5% of paramedical students (P < 0.00001) knew that body donation and eye donation can be done simultaneously. The cadavers available are not adequate was felt by 45% of medical and 42.8% of paramedical groups. 90.1% of medical and 86.5% of paramedical students opined for the inclusion of a chapter on body donation. The virtual anatomy table cannot be a substitute for body donation was perceived by 78% of medical and 15.1% of paramedical students (P < 000001). 34.6% of medical students and 56.3% of paramedical students have shown their willingness to donate their whole body and eyes.

Conclusion:
Although medical and paramedical students have heard about the concept of body donation, their awareness, knowledge, and attitude need to be improved.
Incidence of Fenestration of Anterior Communicating Artery in Indian Population using Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Sharma Urvi , Verma Suman , Adithan Subathra 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Cerebral vasculature fenestration is a rare congenital anomaly and is mostly found in association with aneurysms. Fenestration involving anterior communicating artery (ACoA) is rare. The study's objective was to determine ACoA fenestration incidence in Indian population using computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Methodology:
Datasets of CT cerebral angiography in 105 patients (67 males and 38 females), of average age- 47.96±16.58 years were systematically reviewed for fenestration in ACoA. The cases with aneurysms and infarcts were excluded from the study.

Results:
The fenestration involving ACoA was seen in 0.95% (1/105). The fenestration was triangular and located in the proximal part of the artery. No other vascular anomaly was observed in ACoA.

Conclusion:
The incidence of ACoA fenestration is low in Indian population. Knowledge about the variations of cerebral vasculature will be helpful for radiologists and neurovascular surgeons while dealing with cerebrovascular diseases.
The effect of povidone-iodine 2% eye drops in the treatment of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Tabatabaei Seyed Ali , Mirzaei Arash , Esfandiari Amirreza , Soleymanzadeh Mahdi , Sadeghi Reza , Rad Afagh Hassanzadeh 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Keratoconjunctivitis is one of the most common pathologies worldwide, caused by several infectious and noninfectious factors. This study aimed to determine the effect of povidone-iodine 2% eye drops in treating adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.

METHODS:
This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on patients referred to Farabi Eye Hospital Records of patients with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, more than 12 years of age, and no allergy to iodine who were treated by povidone-iodine 2% eye drops four times a day were assessed. Data included demographic characteristics, family history of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, follicular conjunctivitis, petechial conjunctival hemorrhages, periauricular lymphadenopathy, and the presence of conjunctival pseudomembrane were collected from the records. Discharge decrease, injection decrease, swelling decrease, pseudomembrane formation, periauricular lymphadenopathy, and subepithelial infiltration on the 7thday of assessment by physical examination were reported.

RESULTS:
Patients with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 33.77 (11.01) years were assessed. At the baseline, 95 (99.0%) follicular conjunctivitis, 94 (97.9%) petechial conjunctival hemorrhages, 29 (30.2%) periauricular lymphadenopathy, and 5 (5.2%) conjunctival pseudomembrane were recorded. On the 7thday of treatment, the discharge decreased in 92.7% of patients, and the injection decreased in 90.6%. The swelling decrease was also detected in 79.2% of patients. Subepithelial infiltration was only seen in 21.9% of the study population. Results showed that 2.1% of patients had periauricular lymphadenopathy, and only 13 out of 96 patients (13.5%) had pseudomembrane formation after 7 days.

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the safety, availability, and tolerability of povidone-iodine and its promising effects on patients with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, further clinical trials assessing the impact of this drug in a longer duration of follow-up can be recommended.
Long-term effect of panretinal photocoagulation on optic nerve head parameters in diabetic retinopathy using Heidelberg retinal tomography III
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Bhartiya Shibal , Sharma Anu , Sharma Ajay , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Dada Tanuj 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in diabetic retinopathy patients using Heidelberg retinal tomography III (HRT).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
A total of 90 eyes of 90 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with diabetic retinopathy (nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, NPDR, Group I and proliferative, PDR, Group II) were recruited for the study. The eyes with PDR were subjected to PRP. The effect of PRP was measured on optic nerve head (ONH) parameters using HRT.

RESULTS:
Follow-up up to 4 years in both groups indicated that in Group II proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) participants undergoing PRP, the ONH parameters showed a significant difference in cup area (P = 0.023), cup volume (P = 0.001), mean cup depth (P = 0.015), maximum cup depth (P < 0.001), mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (P < 0.001) at 1 year of follow-up, and remained significant in all at 4 years of follow-up, whereas there was no significant difference in any of the optic disc parameters in the participants of Group I belonging to NPDR group as compared to PDR group after 4 years.

CONCLUSION:
PRP affected the ONH morphology in the PDR group and the effect of this change should be interpreted with caution. This may require setting a new baseline for RNFL measurements using the HRT when documenting RNFL loss or glaucoma progression in patients who have undergone PRP.
Transpalpebral intraocular pressure measured by Diaton tonometer before, 1 week, and 1 month after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in young myopic Saudi patients and its determinants
Authors: Alzuhairy Sultan 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:To present changes in transpalpebral intraocular pressure (tpIOP) in eyes after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) in myopic Saudi patients and its determinants.METHODS:This one-armed cohort included the myopic eyes of Saudi adolescents treated with TPRK in 2020–2021. The difference in tpIOP before surgery, 1 week after surgery, and 1 month after surgery using Diaton was the main outcome. Central corneal thickness (CCT), myopia grade, gender, age, and corneal epithelial thickness before surgery were independent factors. Matched-pair analysis was conducted. The determinants of tpIOP post-TPRK were studied.RESULTS:Our cohort included 193 eyes of 97 participants (25.6 ± 5.8 years). Mild, moderate, and severe myopia were present in 93, 79, and 21 eyes, respectively. tpIOP was 22 mmHg or more in 5 and 8 eyes at 1-week and 1-month follow-up, respectively. The change in tpIOP ranged from − 7.00 to + 11.0 mmHg at 1 week and − 8.0 to + 26.0 mmHg at 1 month. The median change of CCT at 1 month was 59 μ. Change in tpIOP was not correlated with change in CCT at 1 month (r= −0.107, PearsonP= 0.14). Change of tpIOP was significantly correlated to spherical equivalent (SE) before surgery (matched-pairP< 0.001). SE (Mann–Whitney UP= 0.02) and tpIOP (Mann–Whitney UP= 0.02) before TPRK were significantly correlated to tpIOP >22 mmHg after TPRK.CONCLUSION:The changes in tpIOP following refractive surgery correlate to the refractive status of the eye and tpIOP before surgery.
Clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics of eyes with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease
Authors: Mekkawy Mahmood O. , Fouad Yousef Ahmed , Nowara Mohamed , Aziz Ihab Abdel 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease is a vision-threatening inflammatory disorder that is challenging in diagnosis and management.METHODS:Retrospective, record-based analysis of 54 eyes belonging to 27 adult patients that fulfilled the revised diagnostic criteria for VKH between January 2018 and January 2021. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data on presentation and during follow-up visits were collected for each patient. Available imaging studies included B-scan ultrasonography (B-scan US), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and OCT angiography (OCT-A).RESULTS:The female-to-male ratio was 2.38:1. Nineteen patients (70.37%) presented during an initial attack, while eight patients (29.63%) presented during recurrence. The most commonly presenting sign in the posterior segment was exudative retinal detachment (44 eyes, 81.48%). B-scan US was utilized in 4 eyes (7.41%), OCT was utilized in 48 eyes (88.89%) with the most common finding being subretinal fluid (43 eyes, 89.58%), FFA was performed in 39 eyes (72.22%) with the most common finding being punctate hyperfluorescence and late dye pooling (33 eyes, 84.62%), and OCT-A was performed in 30 eyes (55.56%), in which choriocapillaris flow deficit that correlated with disease activity was detectable in 25 eyes (83.33%). Improved visual acuity was noted in 85% of the eyes that were followed up.CONCLUSION:Early diagnosis and treatment of VKH result in favorable visual outcome. Multimodal imaging, with the recent addition of OCT-A, provides complementary data that could serve in diagnosis and monitoring.
Estrategias de Comunicación divergentes: entre el rigor y la manipulación. Análisis comparativo de la Comunicación Política de Estados Unidos y España frente a la etapa inicial de la crisis del COVID-19
Authors: Nicasio Varea Blanca , Pérez Gabaldón Marta , Chávez Manuel 
Published: February 2023

Introducción: El 31 de diciembre de 2019 la OMS reportó el primer caso de una nueva infección respiratoria en Wuhan, marcando el inicio de la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19. Este estudio analiza cómo la comunicación política 2.0 ha contribuido a prevenir y proteger a los ciudadanos durante las primeras etapas de la crisis. Específicamente, se examinan los 90 primeros días del 2020 (del 1 de enero al 31 de marzo), en la fase inicial -orientada a la preparación y la prevención- y de explosion de la crisis. Metodología: El trabajo presenta una perspectiva comparada entre Estados Unidos y España. Se analiza el contenido de los mensajes publicados en Twitter de Donald Trump, -@realdonaldtrump-, la Casa Blanca -@WhiteHouse-, y el Center for Desease Control and Prevention -@cdcgov-; y Pedro Sánchez -@sanchezcastejon-, el Ministerio de Sanidad -@sanidadgob-, y La Moncloa -@desdelamoncloa-. A través de un análisis en dos niveles, uno cuantitativo y otro cualitativo. Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados muestran una estrategia comunicativa divergente. Los actores españoles siguieron adecuadamente las pautas de la comunicación de crisis sanitarias; en USA, específicamente en el perfil de Trump, se observa una estrategia de comunicación politizada, contribuyendo a polarizar la reacción pública ante el COVID Conclusiones: La comunicación política es esencial, no solo para la gobernanza y gestión de una crisis, sino para la preparación y concienciación de la ciudadanía. En el presente estudio, la estrategia comunicativa de las instituciones fue apropiada en los dos países analizados y ayudó a afrontar una crisis sanitaria sin precedentes.
Guillén, Jorge (1893–1984)
Authors: Galindo Gloria 
Published: February 2023

Spanish poet, literary critic, and scholar, Jorge Guillén belongs to the Generation of ’27, a group of Spanish poets—which included Federico García Lorca, Rafael Alberti, Pedro Salinas, and others—that emerged in the cultural scene of 1927 beginning with the tribute to Luis Góngora that took place that year in the Ateneo of Seville for the third centenary of his death. Guillén, who was born in Valladolid, Spain, is regarded as one of the greatest Spanish poets of the twentieth century.
He attended school in Spain, Switzerland, and Germany, and earned a doctorate from the University of Madrid in 1924. During his career, he lectured at the Sorbonne, Oxford, the universities of Murcia, Seville, Puerto Rico, McGill (Montreal), Harvard, Middlebury College, and Wellesley College. He taught and wrote poetry in the United States for over 20 years, and was a professor at Wellesley until his retirement in 1957. He began writing poetry when he was 16 years old, gaining recognition very early with his first poems, but he left Spain in 1938 after the Generalissimo Francisco Franco took power.
Modern Tamil Writing
Authors: Subramanian Rajesh 
Published: February 2023

Tamil literature, over the past two millennia, has been continuously evolving in its grammatical style, content, expressions, forms, structures, and themes. Modern Tamil writing can be considered to have begun in the mid-eighteenth century. Western cultural and literary theories had a significant impact on the content and form of Tamil writing during this phase. As time progressed into the nineteenth century, the western formats of novel and drama came to be adopted by literary writers. The latter decades of the twentieth century and the subsequent period witnessed a rapid explosion and growth of Tamil fiction.
From ancient times, the verse/poetry form was the most commonly used, and indeed the only form in which literary works were composed. Great and lengthy religious texts, medical treatises, poetry of love and war, astrological works, and all other works were written in verse. Tamil ‘little magazines’ played a crucial role in the development of modern Tamil poetry. The verse form of literature dictated by strict grammatical rules gave way to liberal free format based structures. Themes and language also underwent major transformation in Tamil poetry during the twentieth century.
After an initial period of experimental works, modern Tamil literature has matured since the 1970s. The role of major authors in shaping modern Tamil writing is discussed in brief.
IMPLEMENTASI E-GOVERNMENT KOTA PROBOLINGGO (STUDI PERATURAN PRESIDEN NOMOR 95 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN BERBASIS ELEKTRONIK)
Authors: Jibril Maulana 
Published: February 2023

E-government sebagai mekanisme baru dalam interaksi antara pemerintah dan masyarakat, dalam pemanfaatan teknologi informasi khususnya internet harus mampu meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. E-government adalah pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi untuk penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang efisien dan efektif, serta memberikan pelayanan yang transparan dan memuaskan kepada masyarakat. Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) adalah penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang menggunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada pengguna SPBE. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi e-government di Kotamadya Probolinggo dengan mengacu pada Peraturan Presiden Republik No. 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Elektronik (SPBE). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan menganalisis dan mempelajari dokumen. Dimana dokumen yang akan dianalisis adalah dokumen kajian kepustakaan, berita dan Peraturan Presiden Republik No. 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Tata Kelola Elektronik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah implementasi e-government di Kota Probolinggo telah memenuhi layanan sistem pemerintahan elektronik yang tercantum dalam Perpres No. 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Tata Kelola Elektronik.