bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democratization of deep learning for segmenting cartilage from MRIs of human knees: Application to data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Rodriguez‐Vila Borja , Gonzalez‐Hospital Vera , Puertas Enrique , Beunza Juan‐Jose , Pierce David M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to democratize access to convolutional neural networks (CNN) for segmenting cartilage volumes, generating state‐of‐the‐art results for specialized, real‐world applications in hospitals and research. Segmentation of cross‐sectional and/or longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) images of articular cartilage facilitates both clinical management of joint damage/disease and fundamental research. Manual delineation of such images is a time‐consuming task susceptible to high intra‐ and interoperator variability and prone to errors. Thus, enabling reliable and efficient analyses of MRIs of cartilage requires automated segmentation of cartilage volumes. Two main limitations arise in the development of hospital‐ or population‐specific deep learning (DL) models for image segmentation: specialized knowledge and specialized hardware. We present a relatively easy and accessible implementation of a DL model to automatically segment MRIs of human knees with state‐of‐the‐art accuracy. In representative examples, we trained CNN models in 6‐8 h and obtained results quantitatively comparable to state‐of‐the‐art for every anatomical structure. We established and evaluated our methods using two publicly available MRI data sets originating from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, Stryker Imorphics, and Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB), as representative test cases. We use Google Colabfor editing and adapting the Python codes and selecting the runtime environment leveraging high‐performance graphical processing units. We designed our solution for novice users to apply to any data set with relatively few adaptations requiring only basic programming skills. To facilitate the adoption of our methods, we provide a complete guideline for using our methods and software, as well as the software tools themselves. Clinical significance: We establish and detail methods that clinical personal can apply to create their own DL models without specialized knowledge of DL nor specialized hardware/infrastructure and obtain results comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art to facilitate both clinical management of joint damage/disease and fundamental research.
Anal carcinoma diagnosed over a 20‐year period in a Spanish tertiary center: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Feltes Ochoa Rosa A. , Sendagorta Cudos Elena , Álvarez Gallego Mario , Bernardino José Ignacio , Beato Merino María , Herranz Pinto Pedro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnal cancer, although rare, is susceptible to early diagnosis. There is a group of patients who are at high risk for anal cancer, including immunocompromised individuals and particularly people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). In 2010, an anal cancer screening programme was implemented at the University Hospital La Paz (Hospital Universitario La Paz [HULP]) in Madrid, Spain, to diagnose and treat high‐grade squamous epithelial lesions (HSIL), which are the precursor to anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC).ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of patients with ASCC diagnosed during the last 20 years in a Spanish tertiary hospital, and to identify differences between those diagnosed before and after the screening programme was implemented.MethodsA retrospective, single‐centre study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal or perianal canal between September 2000 and September 2020 at HULP were analysed.ResultsForty‐three patients diagnosed with ASCC were included; 55% of them were immunosuppressed and no differences were found in terms of the period distribution of these patients. In the second period, more cases of ASCC were diagnosed in PLWH, but they had a higher CD4(+) T cell nadir count. Although more T1–T2 tumours were observed in the second period studied, the difference in tumour size between periods was not statistically significant (p = 0.103). In 23% of patients, HSIL was present before diagnosis (median time to progression: 67.6 months). At the start of the screening programme, four patients in follow‐up were diagnosed with ASCC. In addition, five patients who were not in follow‐up (despite meeting the criteria of the screening programme) were also diagnosed, but at more advanced stages.ConclusionsDuring the last decade, the cases of ASCC diagnosed in our hospital have not decreased, likely due to the increasing global incidence of this disease, but also to the activity of our screening programme. Nevertheless, four PLWH included in the screening programme were diagnosed at earlier stages of the disease.
Frequency‐dependent hearing outcomes with or without preservation of intact ossicular articulations
Authors: Inagaki Akira , Takahashi Mariko , Murakami Shingo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency‐specific benefits of ossicular chain preservation compared to performing disarticulations and reconstructions in transmastoid facial nerve decompression surgery in patients with an intact ossicular chain.MethodsA retrospective chart review (January 2007 and June 2018) of patients undergoing transmastoid facial nerve decompression on the intact middle ear for severe facial palsy at a tertiary referral center. Surgery was performed with ossicular chain disarticulation on an as‐needed basis using either ossicular chain preservation (without ossicular disarticulation), incudostapedial separation, or incus disarticulation technique. Hearing outcomes were assessed.ResultsThe 108 patients were included in this study. Among these, 89 patients underwent ossicular chain preservation, 5 underwent incudostapedial separation and 14 underwent incus repositioning. The proportion of patients with a change in the 4‐frequency air conduction pure‐tone average of less than 10 dB was 91%, 60%, and 50%, respectively, for the three surgical techniques; these were significantly different (Fisher's exact test, p < .001). Frequency‐specific analysis showed that air conduction was significantly better following the ossicular chain preservation technique compared with the incus repositioning technique at stimulation frequencies lower than 250 Hz and higher than 2000 Hz, and compared with the incudostapedial separation technique at 4000 Hz. Analysis of biometric measures determined on CT images suggested that the feasibility of the ossicular chain preservation technique correlates with incus body thickness on coronal CT images.ConclusionsOssicular chain preservation is an effective approach for hearing preservation in transmastoid facial nerve decompression or similar surgical procedures.
Tribological performance of ammonium thiomolybdate as water‐soluble lubricant additive for steel‐steel contacts
Authors: Lara‐Romero Javier , Rangel Ricardo , López‐Tinoco Julián , Carlos‐Cornelio Jesús Antonio , Toro‐Betancur Alejandro , Chiñas‐Castillo Fernando , Alonso‐Nuñez Gabriel , Jiménez‐Sandoval Sergio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe friction and wear reducing properties of ammonium thiomolybdate as a water‐soluble lubricant additive were evaluated using a pin‐on‐disck tribometer on a steel‐steel contact. The tribological performance of aqueous solutions of thiomolybdate prepared at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.3 wt% Mo were evaluated at the same load (10 N), entrainment speed, sliding distance and temperature. Although there is a reduction of friction and wear compared with pure water, a significant difference is observed, depending on the additive concentration. SEM/EDAX and Raman spectroscopy analyses of the wear tracks of specimens tested at concentrations below 0.3 wt% Mo reveal the formation of FeS which is responsible for gradually reducing the coefficient of friction from values between 0.30 and 0.5 down to ~0.11. At 0.3 wt% Mo, the analyses indicated the formation of a MoS2 which keeps the coefficient of friction in ~0.05, the lowest recorded value.
Intra‐operative fluorescence‐based detection of positive surgical margins during radical prostatectomy: Lessons learned from a pilot ex vivo translational study
Authors: Fiard Gaelle , Hughes Cecilia , Heus Redha , Abert Bruno , Chipon Emilie , Boudry Isabelle , Saada‐Sebag Geraldine , Kassem Maysoun , Lanchon Cecilia , Long Jean‐Alexandre , Descotes Jean‐Luc , Moreau‐Gaudry Alexandre , Voros Sandrine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesNerve‐sparing techniques during radical prostatectomy have been associated with an increased risk of positive surgical margins. The intra‐operative detection of residual prostatic tissue could help mitigate this risk. The objectives of the present study were to assess the feasibility of using an anti‐prostate‐specific membrane antigen (anti‐PSMA) antibody conjugated with a fluorophore to characterize fresh prostate tissue as prostatic or non‐prostatic for intra‐operative surgical margin detection.MethodsFresh prostatic tissue samples were collected from transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP) or prostate biopsies, and either immunolabelled with anti‐PSMA antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 or used as controls. A dedicated, laparoscopy‐compliant fluorescence device was developed for real‐time fluorescence detection. Confocal microscopy was used as the gold standard for comparison. Spectral unmixing was used to distinguish specific, Alexa Fluor 488 fluorescence from nonspecific autofluorescence.ResultsThe average peak wavelength of the immuno‐labeled TURP samples (n = 4) was 541.7 ± 0.9 nm and of the control samples (n = 4) was 540.8 ± 2.2 nm. Spectral unmixing revealed that these similar measures were explained by significant autofluorescence, linked to electrocautery. Three biopsy samples were then obtained from seven patients and also displayed significant nonspecific fluorescence, raising questions regarding the reproducibility of the fixation of the anti‐PSMA antibodies on the samples. Comparing the fluorescence results with final pathology proved challenging due to the small sample size and tissue alterations.ConclusionsThis study showed similar fluorescence of immuno‐labeled prostate tissue samples and controls, failing to demonstrate the feasibility of intra‐operative margin detection using PSMA immuno‐labeling, due to marked tissue autofluorescence. We successfully developed a fluorescence device that could be used intraoperatively in a laparoscopic setting. Use of the infrared range as well as newly available antibodies could prove interesting options for future research.
Exosome‐Hydrogel System in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Wang Junwu , Zhu Mengyue , Hu Yingkun , Chen Renxin , Hao Zhuowen , Wang Yi , Li Jingfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExosomes, as messengers of cell‐to‐cell communication, have many functional properties similar to those of their derived cells. Because they contain a large number of bioactive components that regulate recipient cell behavior, they are inanimate and do not require external maintenance or assistance. Various cell‐derived exosomes are involved in many physiological processes of bone tissue repair. Hydrogels are widely used as scaffolding materials for bone tissue repair because their 3D network structure resembles the natural extracellular matrix. Moreover, their material properties and biological functions are adjustable. Exosomes can be delivered directly to the bone tissue damage site by hydrogel, and their duration of action in vivo can be prolonged by slow release. Therefore, the exosome‐loaded hydrogel (Exo‐Gel) system is a promising material for bone tissue engineering. In this study, the progress of the application of Exo‐Gel in bone tissue repair and the improvement strategies, problems and research prospects of the current exosomes and hydrogels that have been applied to the Exo‐Gel system for bone tissue repair are reviewed.
Shampoo Science: A Review of the Physiochemical Processes behind the Function of a Shampoo
Authors: Thompson Courtney J. , Ainger Nick , Starck Pierre , Mykhaylyk Oleksandr O. , Ryan Anthony J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe components of a shampoo are selected specifically to carry out important roles within the formulation. They must be carefully considered as not only do they act to carry out their own function but they also influence the function of the other components through complexation and other physiochemical interactions. This review focuses on the four principal components in a commercial shampoo formulation: surfactant, deposition polymer, structuring polymer, and viscosity modifiers. The most common molecule types used commercially to carry out the specific roles are discussed, with each of their fundamental functions outlined in detail. The mechanisms by which these molecules can perform these roles are reviewed. Further consideration is taken to outline how components could interact with one another to hinder or facilitate processes.
Conjugated Poly(ionic liquid)‐Based Nanoporous Membrane for Rapid Moisture Response
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Jun , Wu Hao , Tan Liang‐Xiao , Wei Yi , Ren Ju‐Jie , Li Ya‐Juan , Yu Xu‐Dong , Sun Jian‐Ke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStimuli‐responsive nanoporous materials represent a newly emerging category of functional materials, for which instant and significant response behavior is strongly demanded but still challenging. Herein, a new kind of conjugated poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) synthesized via a simple one‐pot spontaneous nucleophilic substitution and polymerization between 4,4'‐vinylenedipyridine and propargyl bromide is reported. A nanoporous membrane actuator is further developed via ionic complexation between the current PIL and trimesic acid. The actuator carries a gradient density in the hydrophobicity content along the membrane cross‐section, which results in a fast response to moisture.
An HIE‐FDTD algorithm for dispersive media with modified Lorentz model
Authors: Chen Faxiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this letter, a hybrid implicit–explicit finite difference time domain (HIE‐FDTD) method is developed to simulate general dispersive media with modified Lorentz model. The dispersive media is described through modified Lorentz model and is incorporated into the HIE‐FDTD method by two different auxiliary differential equations (ADEs). One ADE establishes the relationship between the electric displacement and electric field intensity and the other one establishes the connection between the electric current density and electric field intensity. Numerical examples are conducted and it can be seen from the numerical results that the proposed algorithm can simulate dispersive media correctly and also improve computational efficiency compared with the FDTD method and one unconditionally stable FDTD method.
Post‐acquisition water‐signal removal in 3D water‐unsuppressed 1H‐MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate
Authors: Stamatelatou Angeliki , Sima Diana M. , van Huffel Sabine , van Asten Jack J. A. , Heerschap Arend , Scheenen Tom W. J. 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTo develop a robust processing procedure of raw signals from water‐unsuppressed MRSI of the prostate for the mapping of absolute tissue concentrations of metabolites.MethodsWater‐unsuppressed 3D MRSI data were acquired from a phantom, from healthy volunteers, and a patient with prostate cancer. Signal processing included sequential computation of the modulus of the FID to remove water sidebands, a Hilbert transformation, and k‐space Hamming filtering. For the removal of the water signal, we compared Löwner tensor‐based blind source separation (BSS) and Hankel Lanczos singular value decomposition techniques. Absolute metabolite levels were quantified with LCModel and the results were statistically analyzed to compare the water removal methods and conventional water‐suppressed MRSI.ResultsThe post‐processing algorithms successfully removed the water signal and its sidebands without affecting metabolite signals. The best water removal performance was achieved by Löwner tensor‐based BSS. Absolute tissue concentrations of citrate in the peripheral zone derived from water‐suppressed and unsuppressed 1H MRSI were the same and as expected from the known physiology of the healthy prostate. Maps for citrate and choline from water‐unsuppressed 3D 1H‐MRSI of the prostate showed expected spatial variations in metabolite levels.ConclusionWe developed a robust relatively simple post‐processing method of water‐unsuppressed MRSI of the prostate to remove the water signal. Absolute quantification using the water signal, originating from the same location as the metabolite signals, avoids the acquisition of additional reference data.
Nurse competence provides more individuality in the care of older hospitalized people
Authors: Katja Lahtinen , Terhi Lemetti , Minna Stolt , Jouko Katajisto , Riitta Suhonen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to assess Registered Nurses' perceptions of general nurse competence, patient‐centred care competence, and individuality in the care of older patients and to explore their associations.DesignA descriptive correlative survey.MethodsData were collected using questionnaires at one Finnish university hospital during winter 2016–2017 amongst Registered Nurses (n = 223) and analyzedd statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Pearson's correlations coefficients) and path analysis.ResultsRegistered Nurses assessed their general competence, patient‐centred care competenc,e and individuality in the care of older patients at a good level. The Path model confirmed general nurse competence was a predictor of patient‐centred care competence, which in turn was a predictor of individuality in the nursing care of older patients. The novelty lies in empirical confirmation of the association between nurse competence and individuality in the care. Increasing competence may enhance individuality in the care of older people and enable interventions to support care outcomes.
Association of sleep duration and physical frailty with cognitive function in older patients with coexisting atrial fibrillation and heart failure
Authors: Seo Eun Ji , Won Mi Hwa , Son Youn‐Jung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the associations of sleep duration and physical frailty with cognitive function in older patients with both atrial fibrillation and heart failure.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional, secondary data analysis design.MethodWe included outpatients aged ≥ 65 years with coexisting atrial fibrillation and heart failure in South Korea. We used a sample of 176 patients (men = 100) with HF among 277 data from the parent study. The data were collected through a self‐report, structured questionnaire and electronic medical record.ResultsOur main finding showed that long sleep duration and physically frail status were significant predictors of cognitive impairment in older adults with both atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Healthcare providers should be aware of the importance of assessing sleep duration and physical activity in older adults with both atrial fibrillation and heart failure to prevent or delay cognitive impairment.
HIV self‐testing enabled access to testing for Black persons: The GetaKit study
Authors: O'Byrne Patrick , Musten Alexandra , McCready Lance , Robinson Robin , Durrant Garfield , Tigert Jason , Orser Lauren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn Ontario, new HIV diagnoses continue to affect gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) and persons of African, Caribbean, or Black (ACB) ethnicities. Because treatment and suppressed viral loads flow from diagnosis, testing is key. We sought to determine the outcomes of online ordering and mail‐out of free at‐home HIV self‐testing in Ontario, Canada. We implemented the GetaKit study to offer such free HIV self‐testing using the INSTI® test and offered it via a website (GetaKit.ca) to eligible persons in Ontario. From April 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022, we distributed kits to 1551 persons; 40% were white and 26% were ACB. We found that ACB participants were less likely to fulfill established criteria for HIV PrEP, such as previous sexually transmitted infections diagnoses and drug use, despite having a similar test positivity rate. We also found that ACB women, who may represent a larger number of new infections than previously thought, did not have a higher rate of first‐time testing. Our results suggest that HIV self‐testing can enable testing, but that work is required to increase uptake among ACB persons and women. Overall, HIV self‐testing thus corresponded with increased testing among persons who were Black, yet lower rates of results reporting. Patient or Public Contributions: Community members from the AIDS Committee of Ottawa, Max Ottawa, and Black Cap, and nurses from Ottawa Public Health were involved in the design, promotion, and implementation of this study.
Novel molecules and target genes for vegetative heat tolerance in wheat
Authors: Rose Teresa , Wilkinson Mark , Lowe Claudia , Xu Jiemeng , Hughes David , Hassall Kirsty L. , Hassani‐Pak Keywan , Amberkar Sandeep , Noleto‐Dias Clarice , Ward Jane , Heuer Sigrid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo prevent yield losses caused by climate change, it is important to identify naturally tolerant genotypes with traits and related pathways that can be targeted for crop improvement. Here we report on the characterization of contrasting vegetative heat tolerance in two UK bread wheat varieties. Under chronic heat stress, the heat‐tolerant cultivar Cadenza produced an excessive number of tillers which translated into more spikes and higher grain yield compared to heat‐sensitive Paragon. RNAseq and metabolomics analyses revealed that over 5000 genotype‐specific genes were differentially expressed, including photosynthesis‐related genes, which might explain the observed ability of Cadenza to maintain photosynthetic rate under heat stress. Around 400 genes showed a similar heat‐response in both genotypes. Only 71 genes showed a genotype × temperature interaction. As well as known heat‐responsive genes such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), several genes that have not been previously linked to the heat response, particularly in wheat, have been identified, including dehydrins, ankyrin‐repeat protein‐encoding genes, and lipases. Contrary to primary metabolites, secondary metabolites showed a highly differentiated heat response and genotypic differences. These included benzoxazinoid (DIBOA, DIMBOA), and phenylpropanoids and flavonoids with known radical scavenging capacity, which was assessed via the DPPH assay. The most highly heat‐induced metabolite was (glycosylated) propanediol, which is widely used in industry as an anti‐freeze. To our knowledge, this is the first report on its response to stress in plants. The identified metabolites and candidate genes provide novel targets for the development of heat‐tolerant wheat.