bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase III Study of Pemetrexed in Combination With Cisplatin Versus Cisplatin Alone in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Rusthoven James J. , Symanowski James , Denham Claude , Kaukel E. , Ruffie Pierre , Gatzemeier Ulrich , Boyer Michael , Emri Salih , Manegold Christian , Niyikiza Clet , Paoletti Paolo 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, a rapidly progressing malignancy with a median survival time of 6 to 9 months, have previously responded poorly to chemotherapy. We conducted a phase III trial to determine whether treatment with pemetrexed and cisplatin results in survival time superior to that achieved with cisplatin alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Chemotherapy-naive patients who were not eligible for curative surgery were randomly assigned to receive pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1, or cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1. Both regimens were given intravenously every 21 days. RESULTS A total of 456 patients were assigned: 226 received pemetrexed and cisplatin, 222 received cisplatin alone, and eight never received therapy. Median survival time in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm was 12.1 months versus 9.3 months in the control arm ( P = .020, two-sided log-rank test). The hazard ratio for death of patients in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm versus those in the control arm was 0.77. Median time to progression was significantly longer in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm: 5.7 months versus 3.9 months ( P = .001). Response rates were 41.3% in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm versus 16.7% in the control arm ( P < .0001). After 117 patients had enrolled, folic acid and vitamin B12 were added to reduce toxicity, resulting in a significant reduction in toxicities in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm. CONCLUSION Treatment with pemetrexed plus cisplatin and vitamin supplementation resulted in superior survival time, time to progression, and response rates compared with treatment with cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Addition of folic acid and vitamin B12 significantly reduced toxicity without adversely affecting survival time.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoluminescence Properties of Boron Tropolonate Complexes: From Fluorescence to Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Ogoshi Hikari , Ito Shunichiro , Tanaka Kazuo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Boron complexes based on tropolone, a seven-membered non-benzenoid aromatic compound, were synthesized. We revealed that the aromaticity of tropolone was enhanced by boron complexation. Importantly, all boron complexes exhibited photoluminescence, and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) was observed from the halogenated derivatives, BrTpB and ITpB in the crystalline states. Furthermore, a non-substituted complex, TpB, showed phosphorescence without any heavy atoms in the solution state at 77 K. DFT calculation data suggest that TpB should have large enough spin-orbit coupling (SOC) constants to accept the intersystem crossing. The RTP of halogenated complexes were achieved by heavy atom effects. Significantly, this is the first report of RTP from boron tropolonate complexes.
Restoring Balance: A Physical Activity Intervention for Native American Cancer Survivors and Their Familial Support Persons
Authors: Bea Jennifer W. , de Heer Hendrik ‘Dirk’ , Lane Taylor , Charley Brenda , Yazzie Etta , Yellowhair Janet , Hudson Jennifer , Kinslow Brian , Wertheim Betsy C. , Roe Denise J. , Schwartz Anna 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Exercise interventions among Native American cancer survivors are lacking, despite major cancer health disparities in survivorship. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a 12-wk randomized controlled trial (RCT) of culturally tailored exercise on cancer risk biomarkers and quality of life among Native American cancer survivors and family members.

Methods
Participants were randomized to immediate start versus 6-wk waitlist control at two rural and two urban sites. Participants enrolled in a small feasibility pilot study (only cancer survivors evaluated, n = 18; cohort 1) or larger efficacy pilot study where cancer survivors (n = 38; cohort 2) and familial supporters (n = 25; cohort 3) were evaluated concurrently. Resistance, aerobic, flexibility, and balance exercises were tailored by cultural experts representing 10 tribes. Exercises were supervised on-site 1 d·wk−1 and continued in home-based settings 2–5 d·wk−1. Fat mass, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, 6-min walk, sit-to-stand test, and quality of life (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health short form and isolation subscale) were measured. Mixed-effects models evaluated differences between RCT arms from baseline to 6 wk, and 12-wk intervention effects in combined arms.

Results
There were no consistent differences at 6 wk between randomized groups. Upon combining RCT arms, 6-min walk and sit-to-stand tests improved in all three cohorts by 12 wk (both survivors and familial support persons, P < 0.001); social isolation was reduced in all three cohorts (P ≤ 0.05). Familial support persons additionally improved blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions
Exercise improved cardiorespiratory fitness and physical function among Native American cancer survivors and familial supporters. A longer intervention may influence other important health outcomes among Native American survivors. Additional improvements demonstrated among Native American family members may have a meaningful impact on cancer prevention in this underserved population with shared heritable and environmental risks.
Epidemiological profile and diabetes control of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients in Karbala Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Oleiwi Jasim Abdul Razzaq , Abdul Razzaq Noor , Thoulfikar A. Imeer Ali , Mahdi Rahem Rahem , H. Kadhum Abdul Amir , A. Al-Amiery Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Background: Type1 Diabetes Mellitus is a common chronic diseases among children, and associated with morbidity, mortality, and enormous healthcare expenditures. Objectives; to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and describe the epidemiological characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among children in Karbala governorate, Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all children who attended the main DM center in Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children, Public Clinics, and Primary Health Care centers. Data was collected by structured questionnaire and biochemical and anthropometric measurements. The statistical analysis data entry was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: Total number of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients aged 0-15 years in Karbala in 2015 was 199; making 44.66/1005. Fifty-four patients were newly diagnosed patients making an incidence of 12.11/1005. There was nearly equal distribution among both sexes. Most of the cases were from urban areas and most of the patients had a Family history of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetic ketoacidosis was reported in 16.8% of the patients. Only 31.6% of patients had HbA1c < 7%. Half of the patients had a history of admission to the hospital for diabetes. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the only independent variables significantly correlated with poor glycemic control were lack of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose, irregular visits to the Diabetic Center, and positive family history of diabetes. Conclusion: Only one-third of T1DM children in Karbala city had controlled blood sugar. Lack of regular blood glucose monitoring and irregular contact with health care providers were the main determinants of uncontrolled blood sugar.
Associations between psychological factors and religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England: A descriptive study
Authors: Major-Smith Daniel , Morgan Jimmy , Tohidinik Hamid Reza , Goulding Neil , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Golding Jean , Northstone Kate , Halstead Isaac 
Published: April 2023

Background: Many factors are believed to shape an individual’s religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours (RSBB) as part of their wider social behaviour, including psychological traits such as intelligence, personality and social cognition. To explore these patterns further, we examined associations between multiple psychological factors and RSBBs in the offspring and parental generations of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods: Three RSBB outcome measures were assessed: religious belief (belief in God/a divine power; yes/not sure/no), religious affiliation (Christian/none/other) and religious attendance (frequency of attendance at a place of worship) in approximately 4,400 offspring (aged 28 years), 12,000 mothers and 9,500 of their partners from a prospective birth cohort study in Southwest England (ALSPAC). We explored age-adjusted (and sex-adjusted for offspring) associations between various psychological factors and each of the RSBB outcomes using multinomial regression. These psychological factors included intelligence/cognitive ability, personality, social cognition, locus of control, prosociality and self-esteem. Exposure-sex interactions were also examined for offspring, and exposure-age interactions for parents. Results: Many psychological factors were associated with RSBB in this cohort, although relationships sometimes differed between cohorts or by RSBB outcome. For instance, in both offspring and mothers, intelligence scores were negatively associated with religious belief and affiliation, but positively associated with religious attendance. An external locus of control was negatively associated with religious belief and attendance in mothers and partners, but little association with religious belief was found in the offspring generation. Some age- and sex-interactions were reported. Most pseudo-R2 values were below 0.5%. Conclusion: Psychological factors are associated with RSBB in this population, although they explain relatively little of the variation in RSBB. Results are correlational, but suggest that associations between psychological factors and RSBB are present, and can be explored in more detail in future work to assess whether these relationships are causal.
Dynamic frequency slot allocation on IP-over-EON access links with multiple-type and time-varying traffic
Authors: Shao Junyi , Zhang Shuai , Sun Weiqiang , Hu Weisheng 
Published: April 2023

Access links that connect client networks to public networks have to carry multiple-type and time-varying traffic. Those hybrid traffic flows compete for limited bandwidth, yet at the same time have drastically different performance requirements. As planning the link capacity for peak traffic demand is not economically viable, it is important that bandwidth on the access links is shared between different traffic classes in a way that maximal network utility can be achieved. In this paper, we study the frequency slot allocation problem on IP-over-elastic optical network (EON) access links that carry three types of traffic, namely, packet streams, latency critical circuit connections (e.g., video conferencing), and delay tolerant circuit connections (e.g., bulk data transfers). We define four network operation states; in each of which an access link serves traffic with different levels of fulfillment. We then formulate the allocation problem into a weak-constrained optimization problem and propose a genetic algorithm to solve it in real time. Numerical results show that the relative error of the genetic algorithm is within 3% and the access link keeps maintaining the optimal achievable network operation state. We also show that, by increasing the storage size, the access link can adapt to the increasing traffic load within a certain range without upgrading the expensive access link bandwidth. Our study provides useful insights in managing and operating IP-over-EON access links, and the concept of multiple network operation states can be generalized to networks that serve more than one type of traffic.
Burden and resources in caregivers of people with multiple sclerosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Benini Stefano , Pellegrini Erika , Descovich Carlo , Lugaresi Alessandra 
Published: April 2023

Background
Caregivers of people with Multiple Sclerosis are required to provide ongoing assistance especially during the advanced stages of the disease. They have to manage interventions and assume responsibilities which significantly impact both their personal quality of life and family’s dynamics.

Objective
A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out to understand the experience of burden in caregivers and their resources to manage it. The study also explores how healthcare services involved in the Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Pathway respond to the needs of well-being of patients and family members.

Methods
17 caregivers were involved in focus groups and in semi-structured individual interviews.

Results
Fatigue is experienced by all respondents and it starts when physical disabilities increase or when people become aware of them. Many caregivers declare that they refer to intrinsic (love towards their relatives, patience and dedication) or extrinsic (family members, hobbies) resources to cope with the burden of assistance. Patient associations and the Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Pathway play a significant role in supporting caregivers.

Conclusions
Fatigue, loneliness, and isolation are experienced by caregivers and strongly affect their quality of life and health status. The study highlights caregivers’ need to reconcile working times with care times, to give more space to self-care and to have moments to share their experiences with someone else. These needs should be at the core of health policies in order to avoid physical and emotional breakdowns which could lead to the rupture of the relational balance on which home care is based.
Evaluation of the effect of long-term use of glucocorticoids on the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in patients with gout
Authors: Zhelyabina O. V. , Eliseev M. S. , Chikina M. N. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Patients with gout often take glucocorticoids (GCs) and are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).AIM: Evaluation of the effect of long-term use of low doses of GCs on the risk of developing DM in patients with gout based on the results of a retrospective observationMATERIALS AND METHODS: 317 out of 444 patients with gout and no DM2 who participated in a prospective study of risk factors for DM2 were included. The sample did not include patients who used GCs during the observation period to relieve an acute attack of arthritis, regardless of the method of their use (n=88) and who did not complete the study (n=39). The remaining patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: those who continuously took prednisolone at a dose of 5-10 mg/day for ≥180 days and did not use GCs during the observation period. Scheduled visits were carried out at least once every 2 years. During the 1st visit, patients were prescribed or corrected both urate-lowering and prophylactic antiinflammatory therapy, including low doses of GCs. The primary end point was the development of DM2, carbohydrate metabolism indicators (HbA1c levels, serum glucose levels) were compared at baseline and at the end of the study.RESULTS: Of 317 patients with gout, 76 patients (24%) were continuously taking prednisolone at a dose of 5-10 mg/day for ≥180 days, 241 patients (76%) did not receive GCs during the entire follow-up period. The average dose of prednisolone in patients of the main group was 7.9±1.2 mg/day, the duration of treatment was 206.3±20.4 days.DM2 developed during the observation period in 20% of the main group and in 22% of the comparison group (p=0.73). Patients who took GC were older than those who did not take GC (p=0.01), they were more likely to have CHF (p=0.04). There were no significant differences between the groups for the rest of the compared parameters. In patients treated with low doses of GC — a significant increase in the average level of HbA1c (p=0.002); an increase in the number of patients with glucose levels ≥6.1 mmol/l (p=0.004) by the end of the study relative to the baseline. The initial level of HbA1c in patients who developed DM2 was expectedly higher, among them smokers were more often detected (p=0.01), they had a higher level of serum UA (p=0.001). The prevalence of other risk factors for DM in those who developed and did not develop DM2 did not differ significantly.CONCLUSION: Long-term use of low doses of GC in patients with gout does not significantly increase the risk of developing DM2, but may have a negative effect on carbohydrate metabolism.
Features of molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance pathogenesis in various tissues in obesity
Authors: Kuzmenko D. I. , Klimenteva T. K. , Samoilova Iu. G. , Denisov N. S. , Matveeva M. V. 
Published: April 2023

Obesity is a chronic pathology, which experts of theWorld Health Organization regard as an epidemic, based on the high rates of annual growth in the proportion of the overweight population in almost all countries of the world. Obesity is the leading cause of tissue insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This disease is fraught with serious complications: the onset and aggravation of cardiovascular pathology, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the appearance of certain types of malignant neoplasms and dysfunctions of the reproductive system. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver play unique roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of the whole organism. These differences are due to the tissue-specificity of the intracellular signaling pathways of insulin. This review presents the current literature data on the features of the molecular mechanisms responsible for disturbances in the conduction of regulatory insulin signals at the intracellular level in its main target organs in obesity. The data on the nature of disturbances in interorgan metabolic flows caused by the growth of adipose tissue mass and their participation in the formation of insulin resistance in the liver and muscles are presented. The importance of further in-depth study of the tissue features of the mechanisms of insulin resistance pathogenesis for the development of new targeted pharmaceuticals that will serve to improve the complex drug correction of metabolic disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes is discussed.
The course of gout in a patient with Cushing’s disease after successful surgical treatment
Authors: Dzeranova L. K. , Eliseev M. S. , Golounina O. O. , Cheremushkina E. V. , Pigarova E. A. , Melnichenko G. A. 
Published: April 2023

Endogenous hypercortisolism is a severe endocrine disease characterized by prolonged exposure to excessive amounts of glucocorticoid hormones, accompanied by a wide range of symptoms and complications, including immunosuppression. Timely surgical treatment in most cases allows to save the patient’s life, significantly improve its quality. However, restoration of the normal concentration of glucocorticoid hormones can become a trigger factor in the development or exacerbation of autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases. We present a clinical case of atypical gout in a patient with hypercortisolism and a progressive increase in symptoms of the disease after successful surgical treatment for Cushing’s disease and achieving stable remission. The issues of diagnosis and treatment of this group of autoinflammatory diseases are highlighted, the leading clinical and radiological symptoms are considered, the differential diagnosis of microcrystalline (metabolic) arthritis is presented. Despite the widespread, the diagnosis and treatment of this group of diseases still cause difficulties for specialists. A competent choice of drug therapy allows to fully control diseases considered in the article, including when they are combined, and thereby improve the quality of life of the patient.
Simulation of Gas Jet Impingement Cooling in Continuous Heat Treatment Lines with the ANSYS GEKO Turbulence Model*
Authors: Menzler J. E. , Klusmann M. , Wulfmeier M. , Büschgens D. , Pfeifer H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Gas impingement jets are widely applied in industrial cooling processes. In continuous heat treatment lines of steel, aluminium and copper strips, impingement jet nozzle systems are utilised to achieve rapid cooling or heating. The heat transfer depends on the flow but also on the geometric parameters such as nozzle to strip distance and the nozzle shape. The key challenge while designing cooling sections is to determine the performance of those nozzle systems or their Nusselt number respectively.
Jet cooling sections are challenging to model with computational fluid dynamics or in an experimental set up. Yet, RANS-turbulence models are a cost-effective way to predict Nusselt numbers. In this work the capability of the ANSYS generalized k-omega (GEKO) two-equation turbulence model to determine the local and integral Nusselt number of an impinging air jet is evaluated. The results are contrasted to experimental investigations.
Bioavailability of the tumor necrosis factor alpha/regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) biosystem inside the gestational sac during the pre-immune stages of embryo development
Authors: Santolaya Jacobo L. , Schweer David S. , Cardenas-Goicoechea Joel , Bukowski Radek , Santolaya-Forgas Joaquin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives

In-vivo studies of the bioavailability of major components of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) biosystem inside the gestational sac during embryogenesis have not been reported. We sought to determine the concentration of TNFα, soluble (s) TNFα receptors (sTNFR1, sTNFR2), and RANTES in the primate extraembryonic celomic fluid (ECF).

Methods
A validated timed-pregnant baboon animal model (N: 10) for experimental research in pregnancy was used to collect paired maternal blood and ECF samples in ongoing pregnancies. The concentrations (pg/dL) of TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, and RANTES were then determined by ELISA immunoassays.

Results
All animals delivered at term healthy newborns. The differential concentration of TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, and RANTES between the maternal plasma and the ECF could be determined with ratios for TNFα (5.4), sTNFR2 (1.85) and RANTES (3.59) that contrasted with that of sTNFR1 (0.07), which favored the gestational sac compartment. No significant correlations were noted between maternal plasma and ECF TNFR1, sTNFR2 and RANTES. There was a trend for a correlation between TNFα in maternal plasma and ECF (R=0.74; p=0.07).

Conclusions
We report the physiological concentrations of TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, and RANTES in extraembryonic celomic fluid during embryogenesis in primates.