bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La competencia intercultural como objetivo en la clase de ELE
Authors: Fernández Susana S. , Pozzo María Isabel 
Published: December 2022

El presente capítulo tiene por objeto delimitar el concepto de competenciaintercultural y su lugar en la clase de ELE desde la perspectiva del docente.Luego de una delimitación terminológica y un repaso teórico del concepto deinterculturalidad, destacaremos los ideales, las formas de trabajo y lasdificultades expresadas por docentes de ELE. La recolección de datos se llevó acabo a través de una encuesta implementada en el contexto de las IV Jornadas yIII Congreso Internacional de Enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera,evento realizado en Rosario, Argentina, durante marzo de 2013. Las reflexionesde docentes de distintos países del mundo dan cuenta de la dificultad de llevar ala práctica los ideales de enseñanza intercultural a la que todos aspiran. Losresultados obtenidos hacen patente la necesidad de trabajos como los incluidos enesta antología, que intentan aportar soluciones a dilemas tales como laintegración de la interculturalidad en otros aspectos de la enseñanza (sección 3 deeste libro), la evaluación del componente intercultural (sección 4) o su relacióncon el objetivo de la autonomía del aprendiz (sección 2).En las últimas décadas, la concepción acerca de lo que comprende laenseñanza y aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera se ha ido ampliando ydiversificando con respecto a la tradicional sobreestimación del papel de lagramática. En tal sentido, es ya generalizada la aceptación de una clase queincluya a su vez el componente cultural y la reflexión acerca del mismo, metaque ha sido sintetizada en la expresión “competencia intercultural”. Lo que nologra aún total acuerdo es la forma de implementar dicha perspectiva en funciónde condicionantes institucionales, didácticos (de los recursos disponibles y de lascapacidades docentes) y psicológicos (ideas y creencias de los profesores,expectativas de los alumnos y otros integrantes de la comunidad académica).
Entre estos últimos, el presente trabajo se aboca a la competencia interculturalcomo objetivo de la clase de español como lengua segunda y extranjera desde laperspectiva del profesor. De esta consideración se desprende el lugar de lasactividades y el de la evaluación.
El español en el mundo. El caso europeo
Authors: IZQUIERDO JOSÉ MARÍA 
Published: December 2022

El español en los últimos años ha experimentado un notable crecimiento. Ese éxito no puede basarse en una sola causa o limitarse a un solo país. Los motivos para estudiar el español varían desde los causados por el turismo hacia España o Hispanoamérica, los negocios, las actividades encuadradas en proyectos de solidaridad o los meramente culturales. El español es la lengua oficial de 21 países de tres continentes diferentes con una gran variedad cultural y además es una lengua vehicular de gran uniformidad a pesar de sus variantes sociolingüísticas o dialectales.
Status of Trout Culture in Kashmir, India
Authors: Asimi Oyas Ahmad , Khan Irfan Ahmad , Baba Sajad Hassan , Javaid Hafsa 
Published: December 2022

Trout farming is one of the oldest forms of commercial fish production. The present production of Trout fish being carried out in public sector only and is about 100-120 tones/annum. Currently Department has about 150 raceways with the carrying capacity/rearing space of about 150 tones. The UT of Jammu & Kashmir has huge human resources in the form of educated unemployed youth who can be trained in trout farming for earning their livelihood. In spite of huge market demand, vast natural and human resources, trout culture in Kashmir is far away from realizing its potential. The health awareness among the masses has shifted the choice of people from Red Meat to White Meat. The consumption of fish has become a protein of choice to the people having obesity and heart related problems. There is enormous scope for creating additional infrastructure in the shape of hatcheries/rearing space in the private sector to further improve the trout production in the J&K.
Association of PCSK9 Loss-of-Function Variants With Risk of Heart Failure
Authors: Trudsø Linea C. , Ghouse Jonas , Ahlberg Gustav , Bundgaard Henning , Olesen Morten S. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceAn animal (mouse) study indicated that deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) causes cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF). Cardiac remodeling after PCSK9-inhibitor treatment is a concern for patients and for development of treatment directed against PCSK9.ObjectiveTo determine whether genetic variants in the PCSK9 gene are associated with altered cardiac structure, cardiac function, and HF in humans.Design, Setting, ParticipantsThis was a nested case-control study within the UK Biobank. Between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010, the UK Biobank enrolled 502 480 individuals aged 40 to 69 years. This study focused on a subset of those individuals, who completed cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and had available genetic data. Analyses were conducted between November 2, 2021, and October 28, 2022.ExposuresCarrier status of predicted loss-of-function (pLoF) PCSK9 variants, R46L missense variant, and a genetic risk score (GRS).Main Outcomes and MeasuresA total of 11 CMR imaging measurements, generated using a machine learning algorithm, and HF diagnosis.ResultsIn up to 35 135 individuals with CMR images, 18 252 (52%) were female individuals, and mean (SD) age was 55.0 (7.4) years. No significant association between PCSK9 carrier status and CMR indices were found for left ventricular mass (pLoF: β = −1.01; 95% CI, −2.99 to 0.98; P = .32; R46L: β = −0.18; 95% CI, −0.55 to 0.19; P = .35; GRS: β = −0.19; 95% CI, −0.50 to 0.11; P = .22) and left ventricular ejection fraction (pLoF: β = 0.43; 95% CI, −1.32 to 2.18; P = .63; R46L: β = −0.19; 95% CI, −0.52 to 0.14; P = .26; GRS: β = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.35 to 0.20; P = .58) or HF (pLoF: odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 0.56-2.05; P = .69; R46L: OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90-1.10; P = .91; GRS: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96-1.13; P = .32).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this case-control study suggest that there was no association between PCSK9 genetic variants and altered cardiac structure, cardiac function, or HF in humans.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Glance Laurent G. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Mazzefi Michael , Knight Peter W. , Eaton Michael P. , Feng Changyong , Kertai Miklos D. , Albernathy James , Wu Isaac Y. , Wyrobek Julie A. , Cevasco Marisa , Desai Nimesh , Dick Andrew W. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceWhether people from racial and ethnic minority groups experience disparities in access to minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) is not known.ObjectiveTo investigate racial and ethnic disparities in the utilization of MIMVS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database for patients who underwent mitral valve surgery between 2014 and 2019. Statistical analysis was performed from January 24 to August 11, 2022.ExposuresPatients were categorized as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic individuals.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe association between MIMVS (vs full sternotomy) and race and ethnicity were evaluated using logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 103 753 patients undergoing mitral valve surgery (mean [SD] age, 62 [13] years; 47 886 female individuals [46.2%]), 10 404 (10.0%) were non-Hispanic Black individuals, 89 013 (85.8%) were non-Hispanic White individuals, and 4336 (4.2%) were Hispanic individuals. Non-Hispanic Black individuals were more likely to have Medicaid insurance (odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95% CI, 1.64-2.98; P &amp;lt; .001) and to receive care from a low-volume surgeon (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 4.01-4.93; P &amp;lt; .001) compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. Non-Hispanic Black individuals were less likely to undergo MIMVS (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.58-0.73; P &amp;lt; .001), whereas Hispanic individuals were not less likely to undergo MIMVS compared with non-Hispanic White individuals (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.67-1.75; P = .74). Patients with commercial insurance had 2.35-fold higher odds of undergoing MIMVS (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 2.06-2.68; P &amp;lt; .001) than those with Medicaid insurance. Patients operated by very-high volume surgeons (300 or more cases) had 20.7-fold higher odds (OR, 20.70; 95% CI, 12.7-33.9; P &amp;lt; .001) of undergoing MIMVS compared with patients treated by low-volume surgeons (less than 20 cases). After adjusting for patient risk, non-Hispanic Black individuals were still less likely to undergo MIMVS (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.99; P = .04) and were more likely to die or experience a major complication (aOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.16-1.35; P &amp;lt; .001) compared with non-Hispanic White individuals.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, non-Hispanic Black patients were less likely to undergo MIMVS and more likely to die or experience a major complication than non-Hispanic White patients. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce inequity in cardiovascular medicine may need to include increasing access to private insurance and high-volume surgeons.
Race and Ethnicity Reporting and Representation in Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Trials and Publications From 2007-2020
Authors: Steinberg Jecca R. , Turner Brandon E. , DiTosto Julia D. , Weeks Brannon T. , Young Anna Marie P. , Lu Connie F. , Wolgemuth Tierney , Holder Kai , Laasiri Nora , Squires Natalie , Zhang Naixin , Richardson Michael Taylor , Magnani Christopher J. , Anderson Jill N. , Roque Dario R. , Yee Lynn M. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceClinical trials guide evidence-based obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) but often enroll nonrepresentative participants.ObjectiveTo characterize race and ethnicity reporting and representation in US OB-GYN clinical trials and their subsequent publications and to analyze the association of subspecialty and funding with diverse representation.Design and SettingCross-sectional analysis of all OB-GYN studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (2007-2020) and publications from PubMed and Google Scholar (2007-2021). Analyses included logistic regression controlling for year, subspecialty, phase, funding, and site number. Data from 332 417 studies were downloaded. Studies with a noninterventional design, with a registration date before October 1, 2007, without relevance to OB-GYN, with no reported results, and with no US-based study site were excluded.ExposuresOB-GYN subspecialty and funder.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReporting of race and ethnicity data and racial and ethnic representation (the proportion of enrollees of American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian, Black, Latinx, or White identity and odds of representation above US Census estimates by race and ethnicity).ResultsAmong trials with ClinicalTrials.gov results (1287 trials with 591 196 participants) and publications (1147 trials with 821 111 participants), 662 (50.9%) and 856 (74.6%) reported race and ethnicity data, respectively. Among publications, gynecology studies were significantly less likely to report race and ethnicity than obstetrics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.75). Reproductive endocrinology and infertility trials had the lowest odds of reporting race and ethnicity (aOR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07-0.27; reference category, obstetrics). Obstetrics and family planning demonstrated the most diverse clinical trial cohorts. Compared with obstetric trials, gynecologic oncology had the lowest odds of Black representation (ClinicalTrials.gov: aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02-0.09; publications: aOR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03-0.11) and Latinx representation (ClinicalTrials.gov: aOR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.14; publications: aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10-0.48), followed by urogynecology and reproductive endocrinology and infertility. Urogynecology (ClinicalTrials.gov: aOR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.39; publications: aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09-0.58) had the lowest odds of Asian representation.Conclusions and RelevanceRace and ethnicity reporting and representation in OB-GYN trials are suboptimal. Obstetrics and family planning trials demonstrate improved representation is achievable. Nonetheless, all subspecialties should strive for more equitably representative research.
Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes of Laparoscopic vs Open Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Meier Jennie , Stevens Audrey , Berger Miles , Makris Konstantinos I. , Bramos Athanasios , Reisch Joan , Cullum C. Munro , Lee Simon C. , Sugg Skinner Celette , Zeh Herbert , Brown Cynthia J. , Balentine Courtney J. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceAdvocates of laparoscopic surgery argue that all inguinal hernias, including initial and unilateral ones, should be repaired laparoscopically. Prior work suggests outcomes of open repair are improved by using local rather than general anesthesia, but no prior studies have compared laparoscopic surgery with open repair under local anesthesia.ObjectiveTo evaluate postoperative outcomes of open inguinal hernia repair under general or local anesthesia compared with laparoscopic repair.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study identified 107 073 patients in the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent unilateral initial inguinal hernia repair from 1998 to 2019. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to March 2022.ExposuresPatients were divided into 3 groups for comparison: (1) open repair with local anesthesia (n = 22 333), (2) open repair with general anesthesia (n = 75 104), and (3) laparoscopic repair with general anesthesia (n = 9636).Main Outcomes and MeasuresOperative time and postoperative morbidity were compared using quantile regression and inverse probability propensity weighting. A 2-stage least-squares regression and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to quantify and address bias from unmeasured confounding in this observational study.ResultsOf 107 073 included patients, 106 529 (99.5%) were men, and the median (IQR) age was 63 (55-71) years. Compared with open repair with general anesthesia, laparoscopic repair was associated with a nonsignificant 0.15% (95% CI, −0.39 to 0.09; P = .22) reduction in postoperative complications. There was no significant difference in complications between laparoscopic surgery and open repair with local anesthesia (−0.05%; 95% CI, −0.34 to 0.28; P = .70). Operative time was similar for the laparoscopic and open general anesthesia groups (4.31 minutes; 95% CI, 0.45-8.57; P = .048), but operative times were significantly longer for laparoscopic compared with open repair under local anesthesia (10.42 minutes; 95% CI, 5.80-15.05; P &amp;lt; .001). Sensitivity analysis and 2-stage least-squares regression demonstrated that these findings were robust to bias from unmeasured confounding.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, laparoscopic and open repair with local anesthesia were reasonable options for patients with initial unilateral inguinal hernias, and the decision should be made considering both patient and surgeon factors.
White matter hyperintensity, neurofilament light chain, and cognitive decline
Authors: Dhana Anisa , DeCarli Charles , Dhana Klodian , Desai Pankaja , Wilson Robert S. , Evans Denis A. , Rajan Kumar B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to determine whether combining white matter hyperintensity (WMH) with neurofilament light chain (NfL) could provide additional information for cognition in older adults.MethodsUtilizing data from the population‐based Chicago Health and Aging Project, we studied 701 individuals with both biomarkers and cognitive data during the follow‐up period. NfL was measured using an ultrasensitive immunoassay, single‐molecule array technology. MRI scans of the brain were acquired using 1.5‐T systems. Global cognitive function was created as a composite measure of four neuropsychological tests, standardized and averaged to z‐scores. Multivariable linear mixed‐effects models were used to evaluate the association of WMH and NfL with the rate of cognitive decline.ResultsHigher WMH and NfL were associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline during the follow‐up; ‐coefficients (95%CIs) were −0.011 (−0.02, −0.001) and −0.010 (−0.017, −0.003), respectively. In individuals with lower concentration of NfL (i.e., bottom tertile), a higher WMH volume was associated with a faster cognitive decline (: −0.030; 95%CI −0.046, −0.014). Similarly, in individuals with lower volumes of WMH (i.e., bottom tertile), a higher concentrations of NfL was associated with a faster cognitive decline (: −0.023; 95%CI −0.042, −0.005). When we combined WMH with NfL, we noted a graded association with increasing volumes of WMH, particularly in people with lower NfL values.InterpretationWhile both biomarkers, WMH and NfL, were similarly associated with the annual rate of cognitive decline, our study suggests that they provide different underlying mechanisms affecting cognition.
Defects Passivation via Potassium Iodide Post‐Treatment for Antimony Selenosulfide Solar Cells with Improved Performance
Authors: Li Jiashuai , Gao Zheng , Hu Xuzhi , Wang Shuxin , Liu Yongjie , Wang Chen , Dong Kailian , Zeng Zhaofeng , Tao Chen , Fang Guojia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) has been emerging as a promising light absorber in the past few years owing to tunable bandgap (1.1–1.7 eV), high absorption coefficient (>105 cm−1) and excellent phase and environmental stability. However, the efficiency of Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells lags far behind the Shockley–Queisser limit. One of the critical obstacles originates from various extrinsic and intrinsic defects. They mostly locate in the deep energy levels and are prone to form recombination centers, inhibiting the improvement of device performance. Herein, surface post‐treatment via potassium iodide is introduced to fabricate high‐quality Sb2(S,Se)3 films and solar cells. The surface post‐treatment not only manipulates the crystal growth process to form compact films with larger grain size but also forms better band alignment and inhibits the formation of deep‐level defects antimony antisite (SbSe), thus improving the quality of heterojunction. Consequently, the resultant Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 9.22%. This study provides a new strategy of passivating deep‐level intrinsic defects via surface post‐treatment for high‐efficiency Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells.
Origin of Fast Capacity Decay in Fe‐Mn Based Sodium Layered Oxides
Authors: Gao Xu , Fang Liang , Wang HaoJi , Lee Suwon , Liu Huanqing , Zhang Shu , Gao Jinqiang , Mei Yu , Park Mihui , Zhang Jing , Chen Mingzhe , Zhou Limin , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Kang Yong‐Mook , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFe‐Mn based layered oxides are recognized as promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with high capacities and earth‐abundant ingredients. However, their real‐world applications are still constrained by fast capacity decay accompanied with the requirements of deeper insights into the principles behind. Herein, taking O3‐NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 as a classic sample, the capacity fading mechanism of Fe‐Mn based layered oxides is comprehensively investigated through combined techniques. For the first time, it is revealed that Fe migration is merely triggered after the oxidation of ≈0.3 mol Fe3+ based on solid proofs from ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy, which implies the crucial role of the accumulated structural distortion induced by Jahn–Teller active Fe4+. O3‐P3 phase transition during cycling is obviously constrained along with Fe migration as evidenced by in situ/ex situ X‐ray diffraction, well interpreting the intensified polarization and the resulting large capacity loss. More importantly, within the desodiation depth (≈80% of sodium extraction) where Fe migration is almost absent, the capacity fading is dominantly rooted in the Fe4+ activated and Mn‐dissolution aggravated surface passivation as confirmed by mass/X‐ray spectroscopies and electrochemical analysis. These renewed understandings of the fast capacity decay in Fe‐Mn based layered oxides offer clearer clues for designing desirable cathodes for SIBs.
Profiling of Tumor Cell‐Delivered Exosome by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy‐Based Biosensor for Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Wu Qiong , Ding Qin , Lin Wanzun , Weng Youliang , Feng Shangyuan , Chen Rong , Chen Chuanben , Qiu Sufang , Lin Duo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough the advancement of radiotherapy significantly improves the survival of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), radioresistance associated with recurrence and poor outcomes still remains a daunting challenge in the clinical scenario. Currently, effective biomarkers and convenient detection methods for predicting radioresistance have not been well established. Here, the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with proteomics is used to firstly profile the characteristic spectral patterns of exosomes secreted from self‐established NPC radioresistance cells, and reveals specific variations of proteins expression during radioresistance formation, including collagen alpha‐2 (I) chain (COL1A2) that is associated with a favorable prognosis in NPC and is negatively associated with DNA repair scores and DNA repair‐related genes via bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, deep learning model‐based diagnostic model is generated to accurately identify the exosomes from radioresistance group. This work demonstrates the promising potential of exosomes as a novel biomarker for predicting the radioresistance and develops a rapid and sensitive liquid biopsy method that will provide a personalized and precise strategy for clinical NPC treatment.
Calcium–Zinc Phosphate Chemical Conversion Coating Facilitates the Osteointegration of Biodegradable Zinc Alloy Implants by Orchestrating Macrophage Phenotype
Authors: Zhao Da‐Wang , Du Chun‐Miao , Zuo Kang‐Qing , Zhao Yi‐Xiang , Xu Xiao‐Qian , Li Yi‐Bo , Tian Shuai , Yang Hong‐Ru , Lu Yu‐Peng , Cheng Lei , Xiao Gui‐Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZinc (Zn) alloys provide a new generation for orthopedic applications due to their essential physiological effects and promising degradation properties. However, excessive release of Zn ions (Zn2+) during degradation and the severe inflammatory microenvironment are not conducive to osseointegration, which is determined by the characteristics of the implant surface. Therefore, it is essential to modulate the release rate of Zn alloys by surface modification technology and endow them with anti‐inflammatory and osteogenic effects. In this study, two kinds of phosphate chemical conversion (PCC) coatings with different compositions and morphological structures are prepared, namely Zn–P (with disk‐like crystals) and Ca–Zn–P (with lamellar crystals). Although all the PCC‐coated Zn implants have low cytotoxicity, Ca–Zn–P show better osteoimmunomodulation effects in several aspects: the induction of the M2‐phenotype macrophage polarization and thus promotion of osteogenesis in vitro; the regulation of the bone immune microenvironment which is conducive to tissue regeneration and osseointegration in vivo; and the release of ions (through PI3K/AKT and Wnt signaling pathways) and the morphological structures (through RhoGTPase signaling pathways) act as possible mechanisms of M2 polarization. The Ca–Zn–P coating can be considered to provide new insights into bone immunomodulation and osseointegration.