bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Spray Coatings for High Temperature Corrosion Protection in Biomass Co-Fired Boilers
Authors: Oksa M. , Metsäjoki J. , Kärki J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, several thermal spray coatings and reference materials were evaluated for potential use in biomass co-fired boilers. The coatings were applied to T92, A263, and X10Cr13 substrates by HVOF and wire-arc spraying using powder (IN625, FeCr, NiCr) and wire (NiCrTi) feedstocks. Coating samples were examined then tested for 5900 h in the superheater area of a fluidized bed boiler burning a mixture of wood, peat, and coal. The corrosion behavior of the coating and reference materials is reported in the paper and the underlying corrosion mechanisms are discussed.
Deposition of Dense Ceramic Coatings by Detonation Spraying
Authors: Ulianitsky V. , Shtertser A. , Batraev I. , Smurov I. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Alumina and chromia coatings were deposited on steel substrates by detonation spraying in order to determine the effect of spray parameters on adhesion, hardness, porosity, and dielectric strength. Test results show that both coatings have low porosity, high hardness, and good adhesion strength and that both can be effective as wear-resistant electrically insulating layers on metal parts.
New Composites for Electrical High Thermal Applications
Authors: Vidal D. R. , Cano I. G. , Guilemany J. M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study assesses the viability of producing electrically conductive carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforced mullite coatings by thermal spraying. Mullite-CNF agglomerated powder was prepared by spray drying and was deposited on steel by atmospheric plasma spraying. The coatings obtained are characterized based on composition, structure, shape, thickness, and electrical conductivity and are compared with coatings produced from commercial mullite powder.
Effect of Pore Size on the Plasma Sprayed Coating’s Stress Distribution
Authors: Wang W. , Wang L. , Yu Z. , Xuan F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, finite element analysis is used to investigate the effect of pore size on the stress intensity factor (SIF) of plasma sprayed coatings. Test samples with different pore sizes were obtained by spraying wollastonite powders with particle sizes of 60-75 μm, 75-95 μm, and 95-150 μm onto Ti6Al4V coupons. The results show that coating stress varies in proportion to the length of 2D pores and to a lesser extent the diameter of 3D pores. This implies that reducing the length of 2D pores may be considered as a way to increase the fracture resistance of plasma sprayed coatings.
Investigations of Technological Developments in Nozzle Design for Twin Wire Arc Spraying by Means of Spray Plume Characteristics
Authors: Tillmann W. , Hagen L. , Abdulgader M. , Rademacher H. G. , Schmidt A. , Müller H. , Wiederkehr T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine how various factors, including process parameters and nozzle configurations, affect the shape and size of the spray jet in twin wire arc spraying. In the experiments, steel specimens were sprayed using an iron-based cored wire with a fused tungsten carbide filling. In-flight particle temperature and velocity and fluctuations in voltage and current were measured during spraying. The shape of the thermal spray spot and the 3D footprint of the plume were determined by means of image analysis and tactile surface profiling methods. The results obtained show that spray plume characteristics, and thus particle distribution, are heavily influenced by secondary gas flow, particularly the number, location, and angle of atomization outlet holes in the secondary gas nozzle.
Corrosion Protection for Wind Power Plants – The Influence of the Application Conditions by Thermally Spraying on the Corrosion Behaviour of ZnAl Coatings
Authors: Maghet T. , Maehrlein J. , Feser R. , Wilhelm T. , Klahold K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the quality of corrosion-resistant thermal spray coatings depending on where and how they are applied. ZnAl15 coatings were applied to S235 steel substrates by wire arc spraying in keeping with standard (EN ISO 2063) practice. The coatings were sprayed under factory conditions and in a simulated onsite environment using manual and automated methods. As-sprayed and sprayed-and-sealed coating samples were subjected to climate-cycle and corrosion testing. Coatings applied onsite varied in quality to a much greater extent than those sprayed under workshop conditions. Poor quality, and implicitly a lower corrosion resistance, was widely detected in coatings where ZnAl was manually sprayed under simulated onsite conditions. The implications of the study are particularly relevant to the sustainability of coastal and offshore wind power generators due to maintenance challenges.
Microstructure and Fundamental Properties of Low Temperature HVOF Sprayed WC-10Co4Cr Coatings
Authors: Zhang J.-F. , Deng C.-M. , Liu M. , Zhou K.-S. , Huang J. , Han T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Low-temperature HVOF spraying finds its potential applications in the preparation of high-performance metallic coatings with low oxygen content and porosity. In this study, the spraying method is used to deposit fine WC-10Co4Cr powders on stainless steel substrates at different spraying distances and the effects on microstructure, microhardness, fracture toughness, splat morphology, and surface roughness are investigated and discussed.
Mechanical Study of Novel VPS-Titanium Coating on Polyethylene Substrates
Authors: Wolinne G. , Jeandin M. , Corté L. , Ruch S. , Salito A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study assesses the strength and adherence of VPS titanium coatings on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) substrates. Four-point bend tests show the existence of a critical tensile strain of 1% corresponding to the onset of cracking. For strains up to 6%, crack density increases with no observed debonding. Fatigue tests over 106 cycles reveal that the coating remains uncracked at a strain of 1% and stays in a stable cracked state without debonding as strain is increased to approximately 6%. A laser shock test developed specifically for titanium-polymer interfaces revealed the existence of a debonding threshold corresponding to the adhesion strength. The results serve as a guide for the design of orthopedic implants on which VPS titanium coatings are used and, more generally, open the way for systematic measurement of adhesion between metallic coatings and polymer substrates.
Effects of Feedstock Shape on the Qualities of Cold-Sprayed Cu Coatings
Authors: Ko K. , Choi J. , Lee H. , Lee H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine how feedstock shape affects deposition efficiency and coating formation in cold spraying. Spherical and irregular-shaped Cu powders were sprayed on Al substrates at gas temperatures ranging from 100 to 650 °C. Rebound particles were collected and examined and various coating qualities were assessed, including deposition efficiency, hardness, stack morphology, and adhesion strength. In order to explain certain discrepancies between predicted and measured data, as-sprayed and heat-treated coatings were compared and powder hardness was analyzed in detail. Contrary to simple theoretical hydrodynamic simulations, the critical threshold velocity for irregular particles was higher than that of the spherical ones. The results and practical implications of the study are discussed in the paper.
Tomographic Particle Localization and Velocity Measurement
Authors: Kirner S. , Forster G. , Schein J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative method for thermal spray particle diagnostics. In the demonstration, twelve CCD cameras are arranged around the spray cone created by a wire arc gun. The cameras are aligned radially with 15° offsets and are synchronized with a hardwired trigger. Images simultaneously captured from different directions contain information from which the location and trajectory of the particles can be determined. In addition to describing the setup of the camera system, the paper also develops the mathematics required for image processing and the calculation of 3D particle trajectories and velocity distributions.
The Deposition Behavior and Bonding Features of Kinetic Sprayed Mixed Al-Ni Binary Metallic Powders
Authors: Kim J. , Byun G. , Lee C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mechanically mixed Al-Ni powders with different nickel fractions were deposited on Cu substrates by kinetic spraying. Deposition efficiency and porosity were measured and finite element analysis was used to model single and multiple particle impacts. Increasing the fraction of nickel in the feedstock powder reduced the porosity of the Al-Ni coatings but at the expense of deposition efficiency. The reason for this is explained based on particle velocity measurements and impact models. With that information, dense, well adhered coatings were produced by increasing the tamping effect of Ni, resulting in local melting of the Al at the Al-Ni interface.
Annealing Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Sprayed FeAl-40%WC Composite Coating
Authors: Wang H.-T. , Chen X. , Bai X.-B. , Ji G.-C. , Dong Z.-X. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of annealing on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of FeAl-WC coatings obtained by cold spraying. As-sprayed deposits exhibited a dense microstructure with uniformly dispersed WC particles in the iron matrix. The Fe(Al) solid solution was transformed to an FeAl intermetallic compound at around 650 °C. Further increases in temperature were found to improve the composite microstructure with a slight decrease in microhardness. Wear resistance peaked at 750 °C, and at 950 °C, a diffusion layer appeared at the bottom of the coating close to the substrate.
Numerical Simulation of the Minimal Bonding Strength to Overcome Rebounding in Cold Spraying Cu/Cu
Authors: Wang K. , Kong L. , Cui X. , Tao Y. , Li T. , Xiong T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In cold spraying, several theories have been presented to explain the bonding between the substrate and coatings. In this work, finite element simulations were performed to obtain the minimal bonding strength to overcome rebounding at different initial velocities. The correlation with critical deposition velocity is also discussed.
Researches Regarding the Structure Investigations on New Materials of the Composite Type
Authors: Cernaianu A. A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of metallographic investigations of electric arc sprayed composite coatings for the manufacture or refurbishment of bearing components. The materials studied include iron aluminide and aluminum bronze, and their interface microstructure was examined by optical and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).
The Influence of the Pass Number on the Abradability of Al-Based Coating
Authors: Yu Y. , Liu J. , Shen J. , Liu T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A series of abradability tests were conducted on AlSi-hBN coatings, which are commonly used in the compressor section of aeroengines for clearance control. The coatings were sprayed on test plates to a thickness of 1.9-2.0 mm and ground to a finish of 10 μm with 400 grit paper. The tests were carried out in an automated test rig with adjustable temperature, blade tip velocity, and incursion rate. The rig is configured such that the coatings are exposed to rotating blades, making contact with the tips as they pass. In this study, investigators monitored the number of contacts, removing and examining abraded coating samples at a given count total ranging from 200 to 4000. It was found that wear characteristics change with each contact between the coating and blade tip, indicating that pass number is a factor that must be considered when testing abradable coatings.
Microstructure and Properties of Suspension Plasma Sprayed SrTiO3-Based Anodes for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang S.-L. , Li C.-X. , Li C.-J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lanthanum-doped strontium titanate (LST) and samarium-doped ceria (SDC) are promising materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). In this study, LST-SDC composite anodes are produced by suspension plasma spraying and the effects of annealing are assessed. XRD results show that the coatings and powders have the same phase structure. The coatings have a fine porous structure which is beneficial for gas permeability and long three-phase boundaries that facilitate anode reactions. A single cell based on the LST-SDC composite anode was found to perform well at 650-800°C. The results show that annealing improves interface bonding between particles in the anode and at the interface between the anode and electrolyte.
The Influence of Temperature Gradient on Thermal Cyclic Lifetime of Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Dong H. , Yang G.-J. , Ding H. , Li C.-X. , Li C.-J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Thermal cycling tests were performed on thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to evaluate the influence of temperature gradients in the ceramic topcoat on overall lifetime and performance. The coating system tested consists of an Inconel 738 substrate, a cold-sprayed NiCoCrAlTaY bond coat, and an atmospheric plasma sprayed YSZ topcoat. YSZ surface temperatures were 1150, 1200, and 1250 °C, corresponding to temperature gradients of 150, 200, and 250 °C across the 250 µm thick layer. Heating and cooling times were set at 120 sec for each thermal cycle. The results of the study show that lifetime decreases with increasing temperature gradient, although the gradient has little effect on the failure mode.
Influence of Cr3C2-NiCr Feedstock Powder Characteristics on Deposition Efficiency, Coating Microstructure, and Abrasion Wear Resistance
Authors: Berger L.-M. , Thiele S. , Börner T. , Janka L. , Rodriguez Ripoll M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work assesses the influence of powder characteristics on the deposition efficiency, microstructure, and tribological properties of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings. Four commercial powders prepared by different methods were used for the study. All have a spherical morphology but vary in terms of porosity, carbide grain size, and flowability. The feedstocks were deposited on flat low-carbon steel substrates using a liquid-fueled HVOF torch mounted on an industrial robot. Deposition efficiency was measured along with coating hardness, Young’s modulus, and abrasive wear resistance. In addition, some of the coatings were heat treated and changes in microstructure and hardness were recorded.
Heat-Treatment of Cold Sprayed Al/Ti Coating on γ-TiAl Alloy
Authors: Wang J. , Kong L. , Li T. , Xiong T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aluminum-titanium powder mixtures were deposited on γ-TiAl alloy substrates by cold spraying then heat treated for 5 h at 600, 650, and 700 °C. SEM and XRD examination showed that the treatment caused Al to diffuse into the substrate where it reacted with Ti, resulting in changes in microstructure. The diffusion of Al left pores in the fringes of the TiAl3 phase, increasing the porosity of the coatings. A surplus of Al remained in the coatings after heat treatment at 600-650 °C, but at 700 °C, all Al was consumed, contributing to the formation of a continuous TiAl3 layer.
Formation of Secondary Phases in Tunnel Plasma Sprayed Metallic Glass Coatings and Their Role on Properties
Authors: Yugeswaran S. , Kobayshi A. , Coyle T. W. , Mostaghimi J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, tunnel plasma spraying is used to produce Cu36Zr48Al8Ag8 metallic glass coatings on stainless steel. The results show that cooling gas flow rates play a vital role in oxidation and the formation of intermetallic phases in coating microstructures. Phase formation and microstructural features were evaluated by XRD and SEM-EDX analysis. Coating properties including hardness, sliding wear, and corrosion resistance were measured and the results are compared with the presence of secondary phases. It is shown that an increase in secondary phases improves sliding wear resistance but reduces resistance to corrosion.
Comparison of Metastable Austenite Type Structure of Fe-Based Coatings Produced by Arc Spraying and Surfacing
Authors: Korobov Yu. , Filippov M. , Makarov A. , Zabolotski I. , Khudorozhkova Yu. , Rimer G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A comparative study was done on the structure and tribological properties of arc sprayed coatings and arc surfaced layers of TRIP steel. An iron alloy feedstock was used due to its ability to form a metastable austenite structure in both sprayed and surfaced layers that can be transformed to hard martensite by an applied external load. Microstructural and phase analysis and adhesive and abrasive wear tests were conducted to evaluate the coatings and surfaced layers. Differences in properties are explained based on input energy parameters.
Fatigue Performance of TBC on Structural Steel Exposed to Cyclic Bending
Authors: Musalek R. , Kovarik O. , Medricky J. , Curry N. , Bjorklund S. , Nylen P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The fatigue performance of conventional structural steel with an applied thermal barrier coating (TBC) was evaluated via cyclic bending. Tests were carried out for as-received and grit-blasted substrates as well as for samples with thermally sprayed bond coats and topcoats. Failure mechanisms were identified and changes in fatigue resistance were assessed based on results obtained for different loading amplitudes supplemented by fractographic analysis.
X-Ray Micro-Tomography and Modeling of Cold-Sprayed Coated Powders
Authors: Delloro F. , Faessel M. , Proudhon H. , Jeulin D. , Jeandin M. , Meillot E. , Bianchi L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the present study, X-ray microtomography is used to examine cold-sprayed tantalum splats on copper substrates. To resolve tantalum splats intermeshed with other splats of the same chemical composition, a contrasting medium of some sort is required. For this purpose, the feedstock powder is coated with an iron layer by means of fluidized-bed chemical vapor deposition. Experimental tests were coupled with finite element simulations to determine how stresses generated during the impact of a spherical iron-coated particle affect the integrity of the added contrasting layer.
Properties of High Thickness Al Coatings Obtained by Cold Gas Spray to Repair Light Alloy Components
Authors: Bedoya J. , Dosta S. , Cano I. G. , Guilemany J. M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, Al and Al-Al2O3 coatings up to 8 mm thick were cold sprayed on AZ91D magnesium alloy substrates. Microstructure, microhardness, bond strength, and corrosion and wear resistance were studied to assess the viability of using these coatings to restore dimensionally degraded parts and protect them from further corrosion and wear.
A Plasma Torch Designed for Low Pressure Plasma Spraying and Formation of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Coatings
Authors: Sun C. Q. , Gao Y. , Yang D. M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the spraying characteristics of low-pressure plasma torches with different nozzle sizes. YSZ feedstock powders were sprayed with each torch at different stand-off distances and gas pressures. The plasma jets created were photographed and measured, showing that low-pressure spraying significantly increases plume length and diameter compared to atmospheric conditions. The coatings obtained were examined and microhardness was determined. It was found that the longer nozzle increases the temperature of the plasma jet, and with a longer dwell time, the particles heat more efficiently and evaporate more fully. At a spraying distance of 300 mm, the coatings were mostly composed of equiaxed grains, which were much larger in the coatings produced with the long anode nozzle. At longer spraying distances, more unmelted particles appeared in the coatings, leading to a reduction in hardness.
Медициналық сақтандыру жүйесінде деректерді өндіру әдістерін практикалық қолдану
Authors: Гелашвили Н.Н. , Сабыржан А. , Раимбеков Б.Х. , Кенешева Ғ.Ә. , Абдраманова Г.Қ. 
Published: June 2023

Қазірші кезеңде ақпарат компанияның іскерлік қызметінің сәттілігінің маңызды факторына айналды. Компанияның бәсекегеқабілеттілік деңгейі оның болуына, сапасына және мерзіміне тығыз байланысты. Сонымен қатар, бүгінде келіп түскен ақпараттың саны өте көп және оны тиімді өңдеу қажеттілігі туындайды.
Зерттеудің мақсаты болашақ денсаулық сақтандыру төлемдерін болжау үшін Data Mining құралын пайдаланып ақпаратты өңдеудің математикалық әдістерін қолдану болып табылады.
Әдісі: Болашақ сақтандыру төлемдерінің мөлшерін болжау және сақтандыру жағдайларының пайда болу факторларын анықтау үшін сызықтық және көпмүшелік регрессия әдістері таңдалған. Алгоритмдер көрсеткішінің негізгі факторлары ретінде: клиенттердің жынысы мен жасы, темекі шегу әдетінің болуы, дене салмағының бойға қатынасы, тұрғылықты жері, сақтандыруы бар балалардың болуы, медициналық шығындардың мөлшері және тұрғылықты жері пайдаланылды. Нәтижелер: Жасы мен темекі шегу денсаулыққа қатысты сақтандыру жағдайының деңгейіне үлкен мән береді. Бұл сақтандыру компаниясының клиенттерінің әл-ауқатына ең үлкен теріс әсер етуі мүмкін. Дене салмағының индексі де үлкен мәнге ие. Ең азы денсаулық сапасына тұрғылықты жері мен жасы әсер етеді. Мұның бәрі сақтандыру компаниясының басшылығына сақтандыру өтемақыларын төлеу шығындарын нақты жоспарлауға мүмкіндік береді. Сондай-ақ, сақтандыру жағдайының ықтималдығына әсер ету дәрежесін анықтау сақтандыру компаниясына клиентке келтірілген залалды өтеу тетіктері сипатталатын шарттарды неғұрлым икемді жасауға мүмкіндік береді.
Қорытынды: Data Mining компания қызметін тиімді басқарудың тиімді құралы бола алады. Жұмыста жүргізілген шолу мен салыстырмалы талдау негізінде деректерді интеллектуалды аналитикалық өңдеу процесін ұйымдастырудың қолданыстағы тәсілдері негізінде денсаулыққа зиян бойынша сақтандыру төлемдерінің мөлшерін одан әрі болжау үшін аналитикалық құралдардың критерийлері мен жіктеу жүйесі сыналды.
Lower Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β42 Predicts Sooner Time to Antipsychotic Use in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cahan Joshua G. , Vassar Robert , Bonakdarpour Borna 
Published: June 2023

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated-tau help clinicians accurately diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether biomarkers help prognosticate behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is unclear. Objective: Determine whether CSF biomarker levels aid prognostication of BPSD in AD. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients over 65 with a diagnosis of AD based on CSF biomarkers. We measured time from CSF testing to the first antipsychotic use in the following months. We then analyzed time to antipsychotic (AP) use with respect to Aβ42, total tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid-to-tau index using a survival analysis approach. Results: Of 86 AD patients (average 72±5 years, 46.5% male), 11 patients (12.7%) received APs following CSF testing. Patients with Aβ42 below the median had sooner time-to-AP use. This was significant on a log-rank test ( p = 0.04). There was no difference in time-to-AP use if the group was stratified by levels of total tau, phosphorylated tau, or amyloid-to-tau index. Conclusion: These results suggest a relationship between lower CSF Aβ42 levels and sooner AP use. This supports prior reports suggesting a correlation between BPSD and Aβ deposition on PET. These results highlight the need for further prospective studies on Aβ levels and BPSD.