bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods to improve the quality of low-salt meat products: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yin Jiaxin , Zhang Pangzhen , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLow-salt meat (salt content &lt;2%) is gaining popularity for its lower health risks, while the food industry faces technical challenges in improving its quality. Twenty-one studies involving meat quality improvement measures in low-salt meat products were included in this meta-analysis. The outcomes of these studies were assessed to derive conclusions about their effects on meat hardness and cooking losses. The results demonstrated that higher power ultrasound treatments (300–1500 W) significantly increased the hardness of low-salt meat, while a similar outcome was also achieved by low-strength (50–200 MPa) high-pressure processing (HPP) treatment, which was beneficial for alleviating the undesirable too-soft texture of the low-salt meat products. Furthermore, when salt reduction was greater than 50%, the application of ultrasonic treatment and HPP of 50–200 MPa significantly reduced the cooking losses, and the addition of hydrocolloids also increased the cooking yield of the salt-reduced meat products. Among all the interventions, HPP exhibited the most significant effects in low-salt meat quality improvement, which warrants future studies on the combination of this method with salt reduction strategies in the reduction of salt content in processed meat products.
Negotiating Positionality as a Student and Researcher in Africa: Understanding How Seniority and Race Mediate Elite Interviews in African Social Contexts
Authors: Vlavonou Gino 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article takes a reflexive look at the dilemmas and challenges of accessing a predominantly male circle of political and nongovernmental elites in the Central African Republic from the perspective of a young Black African male student researcher. It focuses on questions of positionality, arguing that certain African social norms regarding seniority and hierarchy can affect data generation, specifically access and interactions within interviews. The article argues that the author's identities as a student and researcher complicated access to male and senior elite interviewees during field research, thus illustrating anew how diasporic Africans might experience the field research exercise differently even if accessing elites is generally a difficult exercise. This article contributes to understanding power differentials among interviewers, including differences among students and researchers, and the influence of race during fieldwork by African scholars. This is within an emerging literature on fieldwork that focuses on graduate students in International Relations and Comparative Politics.
Shaeer’s infrapubic technique for penile prosthesis implantation through a single midline corporotomy: A single-center pilot study
Authors: Shaeer Osama , Shaeer Kamal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith the infrapubic approach (IPA) for penile prosthesis implantation, lateral corporotomies carry the risk of injury to the laterally coursing dorsal nerves.AimWe sought to describe for the first time Shaeer’s IPA, a modification of the IPA whereby malleable penile prosthesis cylinders are implanted through a single midline corporotomy in the bed of the deep dorsal vein, anatomically off the course of the dorsal nerves of the penis.MethodsWe compared semirigid penile prosthesis implantation via the single midline corporotomy IPA (IPA-S, n = 11) to the classic IPA with laterally placed dual corporotomies (IPA-D, n = 11) and to the penoscrotal approach (PSA; n = 13). Shaeer’s IPA is performed through an infrapubic incision. A 3- to 5-cm length of the deep dorsal vein is stripped. A single 3- to 5-cm midline corporotomy is cut along the bed of the vein. Dilation, sizing, and implantation are performed through the single corporotomy on either side of the midline septum. Patients are discharged the same day and are allowed to bend the implant after 2 weeks and to commence intercourse after 3 weeks.OutcomesOperative time, postoperative satisfaction, International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5), and possible complications were recorded.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in age, postimplantation IIEF-5, or satisfaction between the 3 groups. Average operative time for the IPA-S group was 21.8% shorter than that for the IPA-D group, and 34.5% shorter than for the PSA group. Those differences were statistically significant. No complications were recorded in the IPA-S group. Infection occurred in 1 PSA case, and partial hypoesthesia in 1 IPA-D case.Clinical ImplicationsThe midline corporotomy confers an anatomical advantage that may help avoid nerve injury, thereby increasing the safety of the IPA.Strengths and LimitationsThe main limitation of this study is the limited sample number, considering that this is a pilot study.ConclusionThe Shaeer’s Midline-Corporotomy IPA is a minimally invasive technique for implantation of a semirigid penile prosthesis, with an anatomical advantage that may decrease the possibility of dorsal nerve injury.
Exploring the health care experiences of women diagnosed with vulvodynia
Authors: Templeman Lauren , Eberhardt Judith , Ling Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough seeking diagnosis and treatment for chronic pain should be straightforward, this is not typically the case for those living with vulvodynia, who often describe it as a battle, frequently involving misdiagnosis, dismissal, and gender-based discrimination.AimThis study explored the health care experiences of women living with vulvodynia in the United Kingdom.MethodsAs they are less explored in literature, experiences postdiagnosis and across varying health care settings were specifically considered. Interviews were conducted with 6 women aged 21 to 30 years to explore their experiences when seeking help for vulvodynia.OutcomesThrough interpretative phenomenological analysis, 5 themes emerged: the impact of diagnosis, patients’ perception of health care, self-guidance and lack of direction, gender as a barrier to effective care, and a lack of consideration of psychological factors.ResultsWomen often experienced difficulties before and after diagnosis, and many felt that their pain was dismissed and ignored due to their gender. Pain management was felt to be prioritized by health care professionals over well-being and mental health.Clinical ImplicationsThere is a need for further exploration of gender-based discrimination experiences among patients with vulvodynia, health care professionals’ perceptions of their capabilities in working with such patients, and the impact of improving professionals’ training in working with these patients2Strengths and LimitationsHealth care experiences after diagnosis are rarely examined within literature, with studies predominantly focusing on experiences surrounding diagnosis, intimate relationships, and specific interventions. The present study provides an in-depth exploration of health care experiences through participants’ lived experiences and gives insight into an underresearched area. Women with negative experiences of health care may have been more likely to participate than those with positive experiences, which may have resulted in their overrepresentation. Furthermore, participants were predominantly young White heterosexual women, and almost all had comorbidities, further limiting generalizability.ConclusionFindings should be used to inform health care professionals’ education and training to improve outcomes for those seeking care for vulvodynia.
The Golgi-localized transporter OsPML3 is involved in manganese homeostasis and complex N-glycan synthesis in rice
Authors: Xu Ending , Wu Mengyao , Liu Yuanyuan , Tai Yingping , Zha Wenjuan , Gong Changyi , Zou Yu , Zhang Peijiang , Zhang Wei , Chen Xi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractManganese (Mn) is involved in many biochemical pathways as an enzyme cofactor, and is essential for maintaining metabolic processes in various plant cell compartments. Here, we determined the function of a rice (Oryza sativa) Mn transporter, PHOTOSYNTHESIS-AFFECTED MUTANT 71-LIKE 3 (OsPML3), belonging to the UNCHARACTERIZED PROTEIN FAMILY 0016 (UPF0016), in regulating Mn homeostasis and late-stage Golgi N-glycosylation. OsPML3 was highly expressed in rapidly developing tissues such as young leaves, root caps, lateral root primordia, and young anthers. Heterologous expression of OsPML3 restored the growth of Mn uptake-defective yeast strain Δsmf1 under Mn-limited conditions. Sub-cellular localization analysis revealed that OsPML3 localizes in the Golgi apparatus. At the vegetative stage, we observed necrotic root tips and lateral root primordia, and chlorotic young leaves in OsPML3 knockout lines under Mn-deficient conditions. Knocking out OsPML3 reduced the Mn content in the young leaves but did not affect the older leaves. Additionally, knocking out OsPML3 reduced the deposition of cell wall polysaccharides and the content of Lea (Lewis A structure)-containing N-glycan in roots and young leaves. OsPML3 knockout lines grown in the paddy field had reduced pollen fertility. Moreover, we found that the Lewis A structure was reduced in young anthers of OsPML3 knockout lines. Collectively, our results indicate that OsPML3 maintains Mn homeostasis in the Golgi apparatus of the rapidly developing rice tissues, and regulates the deposition of cell wall polysaccharides and late-stage Golgi N-glycosylation, especially biosynthesis of the Lewis A structure.
Online Thickness Determination with Position Averaged Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Oberaigner Michael , Clausen Alexander , Weber Dieter , Kothleitner Gerald , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E , Knez Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Position averaged convergent beam electron diffraction (PACBED) is one of the most convenient and precise thickness determination techniques available in a scanning transmission electron microscope. The thickness is determined by finding the best match of the recorded PACBED pattern with a series of simulated diffraction patterns by visual inspection. The automatization of this process can be enhanced by convolutional neural networks (CNNs), making the method fast and easy to apply. However, the simulation of a synthetic dataset and the training of the CNNs carry a high computational cost. With the aim to simplify this process, we propose to build a server-based database of pretrained CNN models that is accessed by the user via a web service directly from the data acquisition and analysis software. We demonstrate a working prototype comprised of a shared CNN database containing three material systems. By this, the microscope operator can determine the specimen thickness by PACBED within a few seconds in a reproducible way during a microscope session, without any prior knowledge about machine learning or multislice modeling. Furthermore, the service is integrated into other software and workflows through the API.
The impact of migration on wages in Costa Rica
Authors: Cardozo Silva Adriana R , Díaz Pavez Luis R , Martínez-Zarzoso Inmaculada 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, Costa Rica has experienced greater international migration from neighboring countries due to political, economic, and social reasons, raising discussions on the impact of migration on wages of native Costa Rican workers. This article is the first that disentangles the impact of migration on wages for native Costa Ricans from the impact for settled immigrants by analyzing the effect within groups of education, experience, and regions and controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. We find that on average, there is a significant negative effect of recent immigration on the wages of established immigrants, but no significant effect on the wages of natives over the period from 2012 to 2019. The outcomes hold when using different units of analysis and identification strategies.
Integrating Phylogenetics With Intron Positions Illuminates the Origin of the Complex Spliceosome
Authors: Vosseberg Julian , Stolker Daan , von der Dunk Samuel H A , Snel Berend 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEukaryotic genes are characterized by the presence of introns that are removed from pre-mRNA by a spliceosome. This ribonucleoprotein complex is comprised of multiple RNA molecules and over a hundred proteins, which makes it one of the most complex molecular machines that originated during the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition. Previous works have established that these introns and the spliceosomal core originated from self-splicing introns in prokaryotes. Yet, how the spliceosomal core expanded by recruiting many additional proteins remains largely elusive. In this study, we use phylogenetic analyses to infer the evolutionary history of 145 proteins that we could trace back to the spliceosome in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. We found that an overabundance of proteins derived from ribosome-related processes was added to the prokaryote-derived core. Extensive duplications of these proteins substantially increased the complexity of the emerging spliceosome. By comparing the intron positions between spliceosomal paralogs, we infer that most spliceosomal complexity postdates the spread of introns through the proto-eukaryotic genome. The reconstruction of early spliceosomal evolution provides insight into the driving forces behind the emergence of complexes with many proteins during eukaryogenesis.
Mortality-Risk With “Capacity” Constraints On Community Treatment Order Utilization
Authors: Segal Steven P , Rimes Lachlan , Badran Leena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAssignment to a community treatment order (CTO) has been associated with reduced mortality risk. In Victoria Australia civil-rights enhancements involving capacity to refuse involuntary treatment have contributed to a 15% reduction between 2010 and 2019 in CTO assignments among first hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia diagnoses. Has this change impacted patient mortality risk?Study DesignThis study considered mortality-risk between 2010 and 2019 for 3 patient groups with schizophrenia diagnoses: All 4848 hospitalized patients who were assigned to a CTO for the first time in the period; 3988 matched and randomly selected patients, who were first hospitalized in the decade, without CTO assignment; and 1675 never hospitalized or CTO-assigned outpatients. Deaths of Schizophrenic patients in each group were evaluated against expected deaths given standardized mortality ratios for Victoria. Logistic regression was used to evaluate mortality risk for each treatment group while taking account of race, demographics, differential access to initial diagnoses of life-threatening physical illness, mental health service resources, and indicators of social disadvantage.Study ResultsA total of 78% of the 777 deaths of schizophrenia patients in all 3 groups were premature. The 2 hospitalized groups did not differ in mortality risk. Among Victoria’s 2010–2019 outpatients (inclusive of treatment refusers with a recorded service contact), 16.2% had a Schizophrenia diagnosis—up from 0.2% in 2000–2009, the prior decade. Outpatients with Schizophrenia were at 48% greater risk of death than individuals in the hospitalized groups, taking all the afore mentioned risk factors into account.ConclusionsReductions in CTO utilization associated with potential treatment refusals of involuntary community-treatment supervision, seem to have increased mortality risk for this vulnerable population. The line between civil-rights protection and abandonment has been blurred.
Premature ejaculation among Chinese urban men: prevalence and correlates
Authors: Niu Caoyuan , Ventus Daniel , Jern Patrick , Santtila Pekka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPremature ejaculation (PE) is a common male sexual dysfunction worldwide. It leads to substantial distress in men and their partners, constitutes a serious threat to the quality and stability of romantic relationships, and results in a decreased quality of life in a large part of the population.AimWe investigated the prevalence of PE and correlated factors in an urban sample of Chinese men.MethodsIn total, 1976 Chinese men aged 18 to 50 years responded to an online questionnaire regarding background information, present and previous sexual experience, frequency of different types of sex, as well as erectile and ejaculatory function.OutcomesParticipants’ age, assigned sex at birth, sexual identity, relationship status, present and previous sexual experience, frequency of sexual activities, International Index of Erectile Function–5, and Checklist for Early Ejaculation Symptoms were used in the analyses.ResultsForty-four (2.3%) participants had scores that were indicative or strongly indicative of PE, which was highly correlated with erectile problems. Men with more sexual experience (ie, more sexual partners and longer duration of being sexually active) had fewer ejaculatory problems. More frequent masturbation was associated with ejaculatory problems when controlling for age and education. More frequent partnered sex (ie, penile-vaginal sex) was associated with fewer ejaculatory problems. Ejaculation latency times for different types of sexual activities were positively correlated.Clinical TranslationThe results indicated that ejaculatory problems have complex relationships with sexual experience that clinicians should be aware of.Strengths and LimitationsThis study was the first to investigate PE with the Checklist for Early Ejaculation Symptoms as the measurement tool and the associations between PE and sexual experience, frequency of sexual activities, and sexual function in a large Chinese sample. However, self-reported ejaculation latency times may suffer from problems with validity.ConclusionMen’s sexual experience (ie, more sexual partners and longer duration of being sexually active) has an effect on their sexual function, which in turn affects their sexual activity.
Probable trauma associated sleep disorder in post-9/11 US Veterans
Authors: Taylor Kenneth A , Mysliwiec Vincent , Kimbrel Nathan A , Augustine Ann V ,   The VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Registry Workgroup, Beckham Jean C , Calhoun Patrick S , Dedert Eric , Elbogen Eric B , Fairbank John A , Hurley Robin A , Kilts Jason D , Kimbrel Nathan A , Kirby Angela , Martindale Sarah L , Marx Christine E , McDonald Scott D , Moore Scott D , Morey Rajendra A , Naylor Jennifer C , Rowland Jared , Shura Robert D , Swinkels Cindy , Tupler Larry A , Van Voorhees Elizabeth E , Yoash-Gantz Ruth , Ulmer Christi S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to (1) estimate trauma associated sleep disorder (TASD) prevalence among post-9/11 era veterans and to describe differences in service and comorbid mental health clinical characteristics among individuals with and without probable TASD, and (2) estimate TASD prevalence and characteristics of reported traumatic experiences stratified by sex.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the post-deployment mental health study of post-9/11 veterans, which enrolled and collected baseline data from 2005 to 2018. We classified veterans as having probable TASD using self-reported measures: traumatic experiences from the traumatic life events questionnaire (TLEQ) and items from the Pittsburgh sleep quality index with Addendum for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mapped to TASD diagnostic criteria and ascertained mental health diagnoses (PTSD, major depressive disorder [MDD]) via Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. We calculated effect sizes as prevalence ratios (PR) for categorical variables and Hedges’ g for continuous variables.ResultsOur final sample included 3618 veterans (22.7% female). TASD prevalence was 12.1% (95% CI: 11.1% to 13.2%) and sex-stratified prevalence was similar for female and male veterans. Veterans with TASD had a much higher comorbid prevalence of PTSD (PR: 3.72, 95% CI: 3.41 to 4.06) and MDD (PR: 3.93, 95% CI: 3.48 to 4.43). Combat was the highest reported most distressing traumatic experience among veterans with TASD (62.6%). When stratifying by sex, female veterans with TASD had a wider variety of traumatic experiences.ConclusionsOur results support the need for improved screening and evaluation for TASD in veterans, which is currently not performed in routine clinical practice.
Assessment of neuropathic pain, functional activity limitation and quality of life of people affected by leprosy in an endemic area in Northeast Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Silva Sara Ribeiro , de Souza Stéphany Nogueira , Santana Marya Fernandha Santos , Domingos Adriana Maia , Martins Nathálya da Silva , de Paula Hidyanara Luiza , Araujo Heloisa Antunes , dos Santos Glicya Monaly Claudino , Martins-Filho Paulo Ricardo , Santos Victor Santana 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
This study investigated the prevalence of neuropathic pain (NP) among people affected by leprosy and its effects on functional limitation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in an endemic area in Northeast Brazil.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of 122 leprosy patients. Functional limitation and HRQoL were assessed using the Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) and WHO Quality-of-Life (WHOQoL-BREF) scales, respectively. Participants were assessed for the presence of pain and completed the Douleur Neuropathique 4 and the Brief Pain Inventory scales.

Results
The prevalence of NP was 59%. Participants with NP had higher SALSA scores than those without pain (median; IQR: 42; 32–49.5 vs 27.5; 24–34; p=0.002). Increasing SALSA scores were related to decreasing WHOQoL-BREF scores in the physical (r=−0.54; p&lt;0.001), psychological (r=−0.33; p=0.002) and environmental (r=−0.22; p=0.01) domains, but not in the social domain (r=−0.14; p=0.10). Individuals with NP had the lowest scores in all domains compared with individuals without pain.

Conclusions
Appropriate tools and training of clinicians for diagnosing NP in leprosy patients are necessary for their appropriate management and better HRQoL outcomes.
Is there a role for biomarkers in asymptomatic severe chronic primary mitral regurgitation?
Authors: Verma Raj , Bisleri Gianluigi , Ong Geraldine , Connelly Kim A. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Chronic primary mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common heart valve disease with a rising prevalence with the aging populations worldwide. The timing of surgical intervention in patients who have severe MR but remain asymptomatic is often debated. Herein we synthesize the latest American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and European Society of Cardiology/ European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (ESC/EACTS) heart valve guidelines in such patients and illustrate how circulating and/or imaging biomarkers can be used to help refine decision making algorithms.

Recent findings
The approach to decision making and strength of guideline recommendations in patients with asymptomatic stage C1 (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] > 60% and left ventricular end systolic dimension [LVESD] < 40 mm) and stage C2 disease (LVEF ≤ 60% and/or LVESD ≥ 40 mm) are reviewed. While surgical intervention is clearly indicated in patients with stage C2 disease, a multifaceted approach that integrates repairability, expertise, sub-clinical evidence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, and patient preferences is required to identify the optimal approach to surveillance vs. surgery. The role of imaging (3D echocardiography, contrast echocardiography, left ventricular global longitudinal strain, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging [CMR]) and circulating (natriuretic peptides) biomarkers in decision making is also reviewed.

Summary
The decision making around timing of intervention in chronic primary MR requires a personalized approach that is based on accurate assessments of severity of MR, LV dimensions, LV function, valve morphology/repairability, surgeon and center expertise, and patient wishes. Biomarkers hold promise in refining decision making.