bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonvolatile Magnetoelectric Switching of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Dipole Interaction
Authors: Chen Aitian , Peng Ren‐Ci , Fang Bin , Yang Tiannan , Wen Yan , Zheng Dongxing , Zhang Chenhui , Liu Chen , Li Zibin , Li Peisen , Li Yan , Zhao Yonggang , Nan Ce‐Wen , Qiu Ziqiang , Chen Long‐Qing , Zhang Xi‐Xiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe magnetoelectric effect is technologically appealing because of its ability to manipulate magnetism using an electric field rather than magnetic field or current, thus providing a promising solution for the development of energy‐efficient spintronics. Although 180° magnetization switching is vital to spintronic devices, the achievement of 180° magnetization switching via magnetoelectric coupling is still a fundamental challenge. Herein, voltage‐driven full resistance switching of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with dipole interaction on a ferroelectric substrate through switchable parallel/antiparallel magnetization alignment is demonstrated. Parallel magnetization alignment along the y direction is obtained under a bias magnetic field. By rotating the magnetic easy axis via strain‐mediated magnetoelectric coupling, the parallel magnetizations in the MTJ reorient to the x axis with opposite paths because of dipole interaction, thus resulting in antiparallel alignment. Moreover, this voltage switching of MTJs is nonvolatile owing to variations in dipole interaction and can be well understood via phase field simulations. The results provide an avenue to realize electrical switching of MTJs and are significant for exploring energy‐efficient spintronic devices.
Additive Manufacturing of Engineered Living Materials with Bio‐Augmented Mechanical Properties and Resistance to Degradation
Authors: Altin‐Yavuzarslan Gokce , Brooks Sierra M. , Yuan Shuo‐Fu , Park James O. , Alper Hal S. , Nelson Alshakim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEngineered living materials (ELMs) combine living cells with polymeric matrices to yield unique materials with programmable functions. While the cellular platform and the polymer network determine the material properties and applications, there are still gaps in the ability to seamlessly integrate the biotic (cellular) and abiotic (polymer) components into singular materials, then assemble them into devices and machines. Herein, the additive‐manufacturing of ELMs wherein bioproduction of metabolites from the encapsulated cells enhanced the properties of the surrounding matrix is demonstrated. First, aqueous resins are developed comprising bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) with engineered microbes for vat photopolymerization to create objects with a wide array of 3D form factors. The BSA‐PEGDA matrix afforded hydrogels that are mechanically stiff and tough for use in load‐bearing applications. Second, the continuous in situ production of l‐DOPA, naringenin, and betaxanthins from the engineered cells encapsulated within the BSA‐PEGDA matrix is demonstrated. These microbial metabolites bioaugmented the properties of the BSA‐PEGDA matrix by enhancing the stiffness (l‐DOPA) or resistance to enzymatic degradation (betaxanthin). Finally, the assembly of the 3D printed ELM components into mechanically functional bolts and gears to showcase the potential to create functional ELMs for synthetic living machines is demonstrated.
Nanoparticle‐Mediated STING Activation for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Yongjuan , Li Xinyan , Yi Jinmeng , Cao Yongjian , Qin Zhihai , Zhong Zhiyuan , Yang Weijing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the first line of host defense against pathogenic infections, innate immunity plays a key role in antitumor immunotherapy. The cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) (cGAS‐STING) pathway has attracted much attention because of the secretion of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Many STING agonists have been identified and applied into preclinical or clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy. However, the fast excretion, low bioavailability, nonspecificity, and adverse effects of the small molecule STING agonists limit their therapeutic efficacy and in vivo application. Nanodelivery systems with appropriate size, charge, and surface modification are capable of addressing these dilemmas. In this review, the mechanism of the cGAS‐STING pathway is discussed and the STING agonists, focusing on nanoparticle‐mediated STING therapy and combined therapy for cancers, are summarized. Finally, the future direction and challenges of nano‐STING therapy are expounded, emphasizing the pivotal scientific problems and technical bottlenecks and hoping to provide general guidance for its clinical application.
Ultrasmall Cortex Moutan Nanoclusters for the Therapy of Pneumonia and Colitis
Authors: Li Yuan , Liu Xiangmei , Zheng Yufeng , Zhang Yu , Li Zhaoyang , Cui Zhenduo , Jiang Hui , Zhu Shengli , Wu Shuilin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInfectious pneumonia and colitis are hard to be treated due to tissue infection, mucosal immune disorders, and dysbacteriosis. Although conventional nanomaterials can eliminate infection, they also damage normal tissues and intestinal flora. Herein, this work reports bactericidal nanoclusters formed through self‐assembly for efficient treatment of infectious pneumonia and enteritis. The ultrasmall (about 2.3 nm) cortex moutan nanoclusters (CMNCs) has excellent antibacterial, antiviral, and immune regulation activity. The formation of nanoclusters is analyzed from the molecular dynamics mainly through the binding between polyphenol structures through hydrogen bonding and ππ stacking interaction. CMNCs have enhanced tissue and mucus permeability ability compared with natural CM. CMNCs precisely targeted bacteria due to polyphenol‐rich surface structure and inhibited broad spectrum of bacteria. Besides, they killed H1N1 virus mainly through the inhibition of the neuraminidase. These CMNCs are effective in treating infectious pneumonia and enteritis relative to natural CM. In addition, they can be used for adjuvant colitis treatment by protecting colonic epithelium and altering the composition of gut microbiota. Therefore, CMNCs showed excellent application and clinical translation prospects in the treatment of immune and infectious diseases.
Modular Synthesis of Semiconducting Graft Copolymers to Achieve “Clickable” Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Long Circulation and Specific Cancer Targeting
Authors: Creamer Adam , Fiego Alessandra Lo , Agliano Alice , Prados‐Martin Lino , Høgset Håkon , Najer Adrian , Richards Daniel A. , Wojciechowski Jonathan P. , Foote James E. J. , Kim Nayoung , Monahan Amy , Tang Jiaqing , Shamsabadi André , Rochet Léa N. C. , Thanasi Ioanna A. , de la Ballina Laura R. , Rapley Charlotte L. , Turnock Stephen , Love Elizabeth A. , Bugeon Laurence , Dallman Margaret J. , Heeney Martin , Kramer‐Marek Gabriela , Chudasama Vijay , Fenaroli Federico , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSemiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) are explored for applications in cancer theranostics because of their high absorption coefficients, photostability, and biocompatibility. However, SPNs are susceptible to aggregation and protein fouling in physiological conditions, which can be detrimental for in vivo applications. Here, a method for achieving colloidally stable and low‐fouling SPNs is described by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) onto the backbone of the fluorescent semiconducting polymer, poly(9,9′‐dioctylfluorene‐5‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole), in a simple one‐step substitution reaction, postpolymerization. Further, by utilizing azide‐functionalized PEG, anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibodies, antibody fragments, or affibodies are site‐specifically “clicked” onto the SPN surface, which allows the functionalized SPNs to specifically target HER2‐positive cancer cells. In vivo, the PEGylated SPNs are found to have excellent circulation efficiencies in zebrafish embryos for up to seven days postinjection. SPNs functionalized with affibodies are then shown to be able to target HER2 expressing cancer cells in a zebrafish xenograft model. The covalent PEGylated SPN system described herein shows great potential for cancer theranostics.
Additively Manufactured Ferroelectric Particulate Composites for Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Tsikriteas Zois Michail , Heylen Rachel A. , Jindal Swati , Mancuso Elena , Li Zihe , Khanbareh Hamideh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA polarized ferroelectric material can initiate the micro‐electrolysis of water molecules which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an aqueous solution resulting in selective bacteria killing. This study presents the fabrication, characterization, and antimicrobial performance of poled ferroelectric particulate composites. Barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) micro‐powder is synthesized by a solid‐state reaction and mechanically mixed with polycaprolactone (PCL) to be subsequently fed into the 3D bioprinter for the fabrication of porous PCL‐BCZT structures at four different ceramic loadings (0, 10, 20, 30 wt%). For the examination of material's capacity to handle extremely high contamination, the composites are exposed to a high inoculum of bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) ≈70% of E. coli degradation is recorded at the end of 15 min without any external intervention. The surface selective bacterial degradation can be attributed to the generated reactive oxygen species, the large surface area of the porous samples and polymer matrix's hydrophobic nature, behavior which can be reflected in the composites with 30 wt% of BCZT loading exhibiting the best antimicrobial performance among the other state‐of‐the‐art ferroelectrics. Overall, these results indicate that the poled composites have a great potential as antimicrobial materials and surfaces.
Bio‐Inspired Multiscale Design for Strong and Tough Biological Ionogels
Authors: Cao Kaiyue , Zhu Ying , Zheng Zihao , Cheng Wanke , Zi Yifei , Zeng Suqing , Zhao Dawei , Yu Haipeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStructure design provides an effective solution to develop advanced soft materials with desirable mechanical properties. However, creating multiscale structures in ionogels to obtain strong mechanical properties is challenging. Here, an in situ integration strategy for producing a multiscale‐structured ionogel (M‐gel) via ionothermal‐stimulated silk fiber splitting and moderate molecularization in the cellulose‐ions matrix is reported. The produced M‐gel shows a multiscale structural superiority comprised of microfibers, nanofibrils, and supramolecular networks. When this strategy is used to construct a hexactinellid inspired M‐gel, the resultant biomimetic M‐gel shows excellent mechanical properties including elastic modulus of 31.5 MPa, fracture strength of 6.52 MPa, toughness reaching 1540 kJ m−3, and instantaneous impact resistance of 3.07 kJ m−1, which are comparable to those of most previously reported polymeric gels and even hardwood. This strategy is generalizable to other biopolymers, offering a promising in situ design method for biological ionogels that can be expanded to more demanding load‐bearing materials requiring greater impact resistance.
Preparation of Tough, Binder‐Free, and Self‐Supporting LiFePO4 Cathode by Using Mono‐Dispersed Ultra‐Long Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Rate Performance Li‐Ion Battery
Authors: Guo Mingyi , Cao Zengqiang , Liu Yukang , Ni Yuxiang , Chen Xianchun , Terrones Mauricio , Wang Yanqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow‐contents/absence of non‐electrochemical activity binders, conductive additives, and current collectors are a concern for improving lithium‐ion batteries' fast charging/discharging performance and developing free‐standing electrodes in the aspects of flexible/wearable electronic devices. Herein, a simple yet powerful fabricating method for the massive production of mono‐dispersed ultra‐long single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solution, benefiting from the electrostatic dipole interaction and steric hindrance of dispersant molecules, is reported. These SWCNTs form a highly efficient conductive network to firmly fix LiFePO4 (LFP) particles in the electrode at low contents of 0.5 wt% as conductive additives. The binder‐free LFP/SWCNT cathode delivers a superior rate capacity of 161.5 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and 130.2 mAh g−1 at 5 C, with a high‐rate capacity retention of 87.4% after 200 cycles at 2 C. The self‐supporting LFP/SWCNT cathode shows excellent mechanical properties, which can withstand at least 7.2 MPa stress and 5% strain, allowing the fabrication of high mass loading electrodes with thicknesses up to 39.1 mg cm−2. Such self‐supporting electrodes display conductivities up to 1197 S m−1 and low charge‐transfer resistance of 40.53 Ω, allowing fast charge delivery and enabling near‐theoretical specific capacities.
Controlling Isomerization of Photoswitches to Modulate 2D Logic‐in‐Memory Devices by Organic–Inorganic Interfacial Strategy
Authors: Duan Yongli , Song Miaomiao , Sun Fanxi , Xu Yi , Shi Fanfan , Wang Hong , Zheng Yonghao , He Chao , Liu Xilin , Wei Chen , Deng Xu , Chen Longquan , Liu Fucai , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLogic‐in‐memory devices are a promising and powerful approach to realize data processing and storage driven by electrical bias. Here, an innovative strategy is reported to achieve the multistage photomodulation of 2D logic‐in‐memory devices, which is realized by controlling the photoisomerization of donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) on the surface of graphene. Alkyl chains with various carbon spacer lengths (n = 1, 5, 11, and 17) are introduced onto DASAs to optimize the organic–inorganic interfaces: 1) Prolonging the carbon spacers weakens the intermolecular aggregation and promotes isomerization in the solid state. 2) Too long alkyl chains induce crystallization on the surface and hinder the photoisomerization. Density functional theory calculation indicates that the photoisomerization of DASAs on the graphene surface is thermodynamically promoted by increasing the carbon spacer lengths. The 2D logic‐in‐memory devices are fabricated by assembling DASAs onto the surface. Green light irradiation increases the drain–source current (Ids) of the devices, while heat triggers a reversed transfer. The multistage photomodulation is achieved by well‐controlling the irradiation time and intensity. The strategy based on the dynamic control of 2D electronics by light integrates molecular programmability into the next generation of nanoelectronics.
Synthetic Ionizable Colloidal Drug Aggregates Enable Endosomal Disruption
Authors: Donders Eric N. , Slaughter Kai V. , Dank Christian , Ganesh Ahil N. , Shoichet Brian K. , Lautens Mark , Shoichet Molly S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractColloidal drug aggregates enable the design of drug‐rich nanoparticles; however, the efficacy of stabilized colloidal drug aggregates is limited by entrapment in the endo‐lysosomal pathway. Although ionizable drugs are used to elicit lysosomal escape, this approach is hindered by toxicity associated with phospholipidosis. It is hypothesized that tuning the pKa of the drug would enable endosomal disruption while avoiding phospholipidosis and minimizing toxicity. To test this idea, 12 analogs of the nonionizable colloidal drug fulvestrant are synthesized with ionizable groups to enable pH‐dependent endosomal disruption while maintaining bioactivity. Lipid‐stabilized fulvestrant analog colloids are endocytosed by cancer cells, and the pKa of these ionizable colloids influenced the mechanism of endosomal and lysosomal disruption. Four fulvestrant analogs—those with pKa values between 5.1 and 5.7—disrupted endo‐lysosomes without measurable phospholipidosis. Thus, by manipulating the pKa of colloid‐forming drugs, a tunable and generalizable strategy for endosomal disruption is established.
Computational Analysis of Metal Contact on Bi2O2Se with Se Surface Vacancies
Authors: Youn Sukhyeong , Chang Jiwon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, a theoretical study on the electronic properties of the metal/Bi2O2Se interface is presented through the density functional theory calculation. Particularly, the effects of Cr, Pd, Pt, Au, and Bi on monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer Bi2O2Se are explored. Naturally created Se vacancies on the Bi2O2Se surface are also considered by constructing two interface structures: the metal/Bi2O2Se with the Se vacancies remaining or filled with metals. For the metal/monolayer Bi2O2Se, it is observed that the Bi2O2Se layer is fully metallized since Bi2O2Se strongly interacts with the metal. Meanwhile, for the metal/bilayer and trilayer Bi2O2Se, the Bi2O2Se layers remain semiconducting except for the layer right next to metal. Among the considered metals, regardless of whether the Se vacancies are filled with metal or not, the semiconducting layers in bilayer and trilayer Bi2O2Se form Ohmic contact with Bi. It is also found that filling the Se vacancies with the metals heavier than Se increases the interface distance between metal and Bi2O2Se, and hence results in the weak Fermi level pinning effect.
2D Layered Nanomaterials as Fillers in Polymer Composite Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Vijayakumar Vidyanand , Ghosh Meena , Asokan Kiran , Sukumaran Santhosh Babu , Kurungot Sreekumar , Mindemark Jonas , Brandell Daniel , Winter Martin , Nair Jijeesh Ravi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolymer composite electrolytes (PCEs), i.e., materials combining the disciplines of polymer chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and electrochemistry, have received tremendous attention within academia and industry for lithium‐based battery applications. While PCEs often comprise 3D micro‐ or nanoparticles, this review thoroughly summarizes the prospects of 2D layered inorganic, organic, and hybrid nanomaterials as active (ion conductive) or passive (nonion conductive) fillers in PCEs. The synthetic inorganic nanofillers covered here include graphene oxide, boron nitride, transition metal chalcogenides, phosphorene, and MXenes. Furthermore, the use of naturally occurring 2D layered clay minerals, such as layered double hydroxides and silicates, in PCEs is also thoroughly detailed considering their impact on battery cell performance. Despite the dominance of 2D layered inorganic materials, their organic and hybrid counterparts, such as 2D covalent organic frameworks and 2D metal–organic frameworks are also identified as tuneable nanofillers for use in PCE. Hence, this review gives an overview of the plethora of options available for the selective development of both the 2D layered nanofillers and resulting PCEs, which can revolutionize the field of polymer‐based solid‐state electrolytes and their implementation in lithium and post‐lithium batteries.
Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrates on CoO Nanoclusters‐Functionalized Graphene with Highest Mass Activity and Nearly 100% Selectivity to Ammonia
Authors: Kani Nishithan C. , Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Lan , Markel Kyle , Bhawnani Rajan R. , Shindel Benjamin , Sharma Kartikey , Kim Sungjoon , Dravid Vinayak P. , Berry Vikas , Gauthier Joseph A. , Singh Meenesh R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNO3− is a prominent waste byproduct in ammunition industries, and valorization of NO3− into NH3 is desired. NH3 synthesized from waste using renewable energy could be used as an energy storage medium. For such a process, higher selectivity, stability, and enhanced activity per unit mass of catalyst is required. This work reports CoO nanoclusters functionalized on graphene as an efficient catalyst for electrochemical NO3− reduction to NH3 with >98% NH3 Faradaic efficiency and an NH3 current density (geometric) of ≈400 mA cm−2. A highest NH3 yield of 25.63 mol g−1 h−1 is obtained. The developed catalyst prevents the NN coupling step which is required for promoting the selectivity of NH3 over N2. Density functional theory calculations reveal that CoO NC/graphene has similar selectivity to that of polycrystalline Co and that higher activity can be obtained with lower catalyst loading.
The evolution of symbiotic innovation, water, and agricultural supply chains
Authors: Zilberman David , Huang Alice , Goldberg Lanie , Reardon Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe water literature has mainly investigated the diversion and distribution of water from the source to the end users or the utilization of water at the farm level in crop production. This paper presents a supply chain perspective that links the innovation supply chain of water delivery and irrigation with the complete water supply chain to the crop and the crop supply chains. These supply chains are symbiotic. Changes in the demand for crops, agronomic technology, and knowledge about water will modify the water infrastructure, irrigation technology, land‐use and crop production patterns, and the pricing of water and related commodities. The parameters that guide investment in water innovation and the design of the water supply chain depend on political, economic, and technological considerations that have coevolved over time with water and crop systems. Evidence from California and elsewhere supports the findings of the paper.
Sex‐specific outbreeding advantages and sexual dimorphism in the seedlings of dioecious trees
Authors: Zhang Yonghua , Lin Wei , Chu Chengjin , Ni Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPremiseDioecious trees are important components of many forest ecosystems. Outbreeding advantage and sexual dimorphism are two major mechanisms that explain the persistence of dioecious plants; however, they have rarely been studied in dioecious trees.MethodsWe investigated the influence of sex and genetic distance between parental trees (GDPT) on the growth and functional traits of multiple seedlings of a dioecious tree, Diospyros morrisiana.ResultsWe found significant positive relationships between GDPT and seedling sizes and tissue density. However, the positive outbreeding effects on seedling growth mainly manifested in female seedlings, but were not prominent in males. Among seedlings, the male ones generally had higher biomass and leaf area than female seedlings, but such differences diminished as GDPT increased.ConclusionsOur research highlights that outbreeding advantage in plants can be sex‐specific and that sexual dimorphism begins from the seedling stage of dioecious trees.
Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization Approach toN,O‐Chelated Boron Difluoride Complexes
Authors: Cheng Zemin , Xu Yue , Zheng Tao , Yang Yang , Tang Feng , Gu Linghui , Ma Wenbo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA strategy for synthesizingN,O‐chelated boron difluoride complexes via copper‐catalyzed tandem cyclization of readily available 2‐aryl pyridines has been developed. This reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups, providing the corresponding products in 43–91% yield. Furthermore, the photophysical properties were investigated by measuring the UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of several product derivatives.