bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why We Forget and How To Remember Better
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. , Schacter Daniel L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Part 1 begins by explaining how memory is not actually a single ability but rather a collection of different conscious and nonconscious abilities. The authors explaining how each one of these systems works in your daily life. Part 2 focuses on the heart of memory: how we remember the events that make up our lives. The authors explain how we create, store, and retrieve memories of these events, and they review the impact of emotion on memory. They discuss whether you can actually control what you remember and what you forget and explain some of the circumstances in which memories can become distorted or just plain false. Part 3 begins with how different neurologic and medical disorders can disrupt memory. The authors also review how psychiatric and psychological problems, including medication side effects, can affect memory. Part 4 covers the changes to your lifestyle that can strengthen—or weaken—your memory. The authors provide the latest evidence regarding exercise, nutrition, alcohol, cannabis, drugs, sleep, social activities, music, mindfulness, as well as brain-training and other activities. Part 5 discusses different memory aids and strategies to help you remember everything from your shopping list to that presentation you need to memorize for work or the name of your colleague you haven’t seen in 10 years.
Collective memory
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
When you’re in unfamiliar territory without shared scaffoldings or schemas to guide you, it may take you a bit longer to get the hang of things before you begin to feel comfortable. Don’t be surprised if you and a friend remember different aspects of a shared experience if your background, knowledge, and expertise is different. There are benefits—and drawbacks—to remembering information together while working or studying. We recommend that you study both in groups and by yourself. This way you get the best of both approaches. Reminiscing with family, friends, and colleagues can boost your mood and help you feel connected with people even if you haven’t seen them in a long time. You are likely to fill in the gaps of your own memories with memories of someone you trust.
Those who remember everything
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
It’s important to keep in mind that remembering every detail or every daily experience is rarely a necessary or even useful goal; culling some of the details can be helpful for seeing the connections between experiences and for efficient decision-making. But nevertheless, there are important lessons we can learn from those with extraordinary memory. Gain expertise. Just like the chess players, or the calendar savants who came to their knowledge through hours spent analyzing the calendar system, we all can work to gain expertise in specific domains and use that expertise to enable better remembering. Be present. We all can remember better by staying in the present moment, and by embracing the information coming through our senses rather than distracting ourselves with our phones or mental to-do lists.
Remember names
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
You can improve your memory for names. Although few of us learn and retrieve names automatically and effortlessly, it isn’t that difficult to improve these abilities. It simply takes some direct effort. Pay attention. Spell the name. Repeat the name. Make a remark about the name. Make an association. Create an image. Find the facial feature. Connect your image to the facial feature. Add other connections. Repeat the connection. Effort is good and practice makes perfect. When retrieving someone’s name, relax. Minimize interference and blocking: Don’t keep saying the wrong name! Generate general retrieval cues. Think of when you were with them. Use the alphabet. Review names ahead of time. Still can’t recall their name? Just ask them!
Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques
Authors: Sparrow Robert , Koplin Julian , Mills Catherine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the philosophical and ethical questions raised by mitochondrial replacement technologies (MRT). The authors argue that the therapeutic case for MRT is weak and that the involvement of a third party, in the form of the mitochondrial donor, establishes a genetic relationship between donor and child that calls into question the appropriateness of allowing donors of mitochondrial DNA to remain anonymous. MRT dedicates scarce resources to a relatively rare problem that might be addressed in other ways, involves unknown risks, and is likely to reinforce the ideal of genetic parenthood at the same time as it destabilizes it. However, in these, and in many other ways, MRT is very much akin to other assisted reproductive technologies. Insofar as, at least when used to create female embryos, MRT is a form of germline modification, legalization of MRT is also likely to have implications for social attitudes toward other technologies of germline modification.
Legalising MRT in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dimond Rebecca , Stephens Neil 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains how the United Kingdom became the first country to legalise mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT). The authors explore the UK historical context, the stringent yet liberal approach to supporting embryo research that enables scientific development and clinical application. They then consider how safety, ethics, and public opinion were assessed, with key institutions concluding that there was clear patient need, benefits outweighed the risks, and that MRT was appropriate to be considered for clinical use. In part these assessments involved mobilising an ‘interpretive package’ through which the techniques were given meaning and where those meanings were contested. The authors consider how the work of review and debate were significant as they contributed to the production of an ethical future for MRT by making it knowable, desirable, ethical, and sanctionable. The chapter concludes by considering the legacy of the MRT debates and how they might shape contestations around CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
Future Technological Advancements
Authors: Doxzen Kevin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the cutting edge of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), focusing on three key areas of innovation: genome engineering, in vitro gametogenesis, and artificial wombs. These technologies have steadily improved over decades in tandem with a growing understanding of reproductive biology and human genetics, bringing these ARTs closer to the clinic. This chapter covers the historical development of each technology, transitioning to current areas of active research and highlighting the latest proof-of-concept experiments. This chapter then discusses potential future applications of these technologies in human reproduction, ranging from broad use cases to hypothetical niche scenarios. Last, each section considers ethical and regulatory questions, suggesting ways in which a changing technological landscape may interact with current social paradigms and legal standings.
Ferruccio Busoni as Architect of Sound
Authors: Knyt Erinn E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This book presents a broad view of Busoni’s compositional activities as not only connected to musical traditions of the past, especially the music of J. S. Bach and W. A. Mozart, but also as closely aligned with contemporary interest in experimentalism. Developments during the twentieth century included new means of pitch organization, the spatialization of sound, and the expansion of formal structures. Busoni helped pioneer these trends by writing pieces in which sound radiates from different directions, by creating montage formal structures, and by freely using all twelve pitches of the chromatic scale without avoiding consonances. In the process, the book brings Busoni’s music into discourse with recent multivalent accounts of modernism in music that move beyond notions of rupture with the past as well as beyond elitist esotericism. In addition, it reveals that many of Busoni’s innovations were rooted in interdisciplinary thinking that reconciled the spatial and the temporal in unique manners. While his abstract metaphysical notions of music transcended physical boundaries, the realization of his ideas was informed by an understanding of tangible architectural spaces and styles fostered by the study of buildings and floor plans. In addition, he engaged in a rich exchange of ideas with contemporary architects and artists, such as Henry Van de Velde and members of the Weimar Bauhaus. The book concludes by documenting ways Busoni’s spatialized architectural music left a lasting imprint on future generations of composers, artists, and early film pioneers, such as Hans Richter, Heinrich Neugeboren, Wladimir Vogel, Stefan Wolpe, and Edgard Varèse.
Busoni’s Liquid Architecture
Authors: Knyt Erinn E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 documents the role Busoni’s architectural conceptions played in his reworking of the music of other composers. He arranged other composers’ pieces into monumental and multi-dimensional montages or sound structures, reshaping them through his idiosyncratic use of color, terraced phrasing, and formal restructuring. In annotated comments for his editions and to his students, he mentioned how architecture inspired his alterations, especially regarding how he modified formal structures. Busoni became known as a sound sculptor, creating monumental-sized sound structures to better fit the architectural spaces of the large and reverberant concert halls built during his lifetime. It is in these reworked sound structures, some created in real time, and some tied to Busoni’s responses to physical buildings and acoustics, that music, space, and time converged to create liquid architecture.
Beyond Busoni
Authors: Knyt Erinn E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 documents the lasting impact of Busoni’s compositions, arrangements, and interdisciplinary ideas on his mentees. This chapter primarily traces his influence on the pupils he invited to the Bauhaus exhibition of 1923: Wladimir Vogel, Kurt Weill, Egon Petri, and Stefan Wolpe. This “field trip” proved to be a climactic moment for Busoni’s closest mentees, helping them solidify their understanding of Busoni’s teachings about metatonality, spatialized sound, and montage forms. Some of Busoni’s earlier composition mentees, such as Edgard Varèse, also assimilated Busoni’s ideas about spatialized sound, thereby revealing continuity in his teachings. In addition, Busoni’s ideas and music became catalysts for some visual artists and early cubist film creators, such as Hans Richter, who knew Busoni in Switzerland during World War I, and Henrik Neugeboren, who studied with Busoni in Berlin in the 1920s.
Rebellion and College for All
Authors: Morel Domingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the central questions and puzzles that motivate and guide this book. Why did states create special college access programs for students of color in the 1960s? Since there is debate among scholars about the role of urban uprisings in the creation of college access opportunities, did the urban rebellions of the 1960s play a role in the creation of these programs, and if so, how? Moreover, since these programs were designed specifically for students of color, how are they part of the broader history of affirmative action policy in the United States? Finally, since many of the initiatives that led to greater college access for historically excluded groups in the 1960s—including affirmative action, student financial aid, and state support for higher education—have been significantly diminished, what political factors help explain the survival of a college access program for students of color?
Creating TD Nation
Authors: Morel Domingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 introduces the in-depth case study of the Talent Development Program at the University of Rhode Island. The chapter begins with an historical analysis of the efforts by Black community organizations in Rhode Island to expand college access for Black students. Despite frustration with the lack of progress, the urban uprisings of the 1960s provided the political conditions that led to significant changes. In 1968, following two years of civil unrest in Providence and the nationwide urban uprisings following the assassination of Dr. King in April 1968, policymakers agreed to create a special college access program for “disadvantaged youth.” The chapter argues that community activists relied on the uprisings, and the threat of future uprisings, to convince policymakers to expand college access opportunities for Black students and other students of color, demonstrating how violent protest helped create the political conditions for policymakers to adhere to Black political demands.
Emergence of Hidden Forms of Restriction
Authors: Morel Domingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Despite the program’s success, over time, Talent Development students have experienced difficulties graduating with degrees like business, education, and nursing. Chapter 5 shows that the challenge is not unique to Talent Development students, and that there is a growing gap between White students and students of color graduating with these majors across the country. Despite the belief that students have a “choice of major,” the chapter shows that the emergence of secondary admissions processes, which include higher grade point average requirements and/or higher standardized test scores to enter particular majors, presents a hidden barrier for students of color. Relying on an original national database, the chapter shows that most public colleges and universities have adopted some GPA requirement to enter at least one of the selected majors, and that having a college access program and increases in Black and Latino student enrollment, is associated with increasing GPA requirements to enter selected majors.
Shifting the Politics of College Access from the Public to Private Sphere
Authors: Morel Domingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 asks why women and students of color, particularly Black students, are associated with increasing grade point average requirements to enter the selected majors. The chapter examines the historical and contemporary role of state governments as well as private foundations and professional associations in determining higher education policy. The chapter argues that the emergence of secondary admissions processes and increasing certification requirements to enter the professions were influenced by state governments working with private foundations and professional associations—credential cartels—to implement hidden forms of restriction in response to the expansion of opportunity to previously excluded groups. As a result, the political venue of denying access shifted from public officials to private credentialing organizations. The chapter argues that these hidden barriers represent a form of what Max Weber and other sociologists have referred to as “social closure,” the concept that organizations adopt restrictive policies to cut off access to new competitors.
A Developing Scholars Approach
Authors: Morel Domingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
If the credential cartels, working in conjunction with state governments, are preventing students from historically underserved populations from entering the marketplace by restricting access to the majors and the professions, how can higher education serve as a vehicle for addressing inequality? This concluding chapter argues that addressing inequality through higher education will require a “developing scholars” approach that expands college access and support to marginalized communities. The chapter also proposes a set of policies that can lead higher education to serve as vehicle of upward mobility, including subjecting the secondary admissions requirements and credential cartels to public political pressure and investing in an economy that is capable of creating pathways to upward mobility and meaningfully addressing inequality.
“Hey, but That’s Not Respectful!”
Authors: Jones Graham M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bergson’s remarks on politeness as a civic virtue came on the coattails of the Jules Ferry Laws of 1881-1882, which made public education in France free, mandatory, and secular. His vision of liberal education as a preparation for participation in civil society closely parallels Durkheim’s contemporaneous conception of the social sciences as a mode of both moral education and secular religion that could promote solidarity across differences of ethnicity and class. In this chapter, French Republican ideals of the public school as a site of egalitarian language socialization are shown to have been challenged in recent years, amidst conflicts of class, ethnicity, and religion. How are discourses of “lacking respect” mobilized in both moral panics about contemporary French adolescence and young people’s counter-hegemonic struggles against structural inequities? What is the cultural relationship, in short, between respect and politeness in contemporary French civil society? The failures of French public education, in an era of cultural pluralism, to live up to its nation-building ideals points to a broader crisis: in a world that is increasingly riven by intolerant, uncivil discourses, do the liberal arts and social sciences—and particularly linguistic anthropology—have a pedagogical role to play in the (re)generation of civil society? Drawing on the traditions of Bergson and Durkheim, how do ethical protocols of politeness connect with epistemological protocols of anthropological inquiry in—and beyond—the discursive space of the twenty-first-century classroom?
The Surface of Politesse
Authors: Russell Kamala 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The importance of politesse in the mountains of the Dhofar region of Oman stretches beyond strategery and even altruistic grace. In the conventions of hospitality interactions, which echo through other more intimate and everyday face-to-face encounters in the home, interlocutors try to act ‘murtah’ (local Arabic and Shehret: ‘relaxed/comfortable’), to create a smooth and calm surface for others to see. As a form of talk and conduct, acting murtah is characterized by decontextualized, uninformative, and affable speech that is formulaic in form, topic, and expressive repertoire. Being murtah is both a way of appearing to, and a way of receiving others. Yet, acting murtah is spoken of as an ethical approach to the necessity and spiritual danger of social interaction to living, not only to produce ideally smooth relations with others. The surface it creates circumscribes the self away from those others: an operation of protecting an interior space, not of reforming connectivity. This space is a buffer against over-attachment to evaluation, figuration, and fulfillment through social others that allows for a focus on judgement in the afterlife. In its norms and phraseology, being murtah both bespeaks an openness of the heart, and somehow also refuses to speak of the heart at all. Rather than reforming the self to better accept another, a politesse of being murtah here suggests a different route between ideal images of sociality and the field of forces that is human community, in light of its encompassment by the Divine.
Failed and Incomplete Theories
Authors: Lincoln Don 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The standard model and general relativity explain many experiments and observations, but they don’t explain everything. Because of this, scientists try to figure out additional connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena. The goal of this is to find a single theory which explains everything. Over the last century, scientists have used patterns they’ve observed to help work out unappreciated laws. These patterns led to the creation of the standard model in the 1960s. Similar approaches have been followed in the last half-century, hoping to extend the theory, but these attempts have failed. In addition, researchers have proposed the theories of superstrings and quantum gravity as candidate future theories. No theory proposed so far has succeeded in explaining everything, but this chapter explains the effort. It concludes with a metaphor that shows why hopes of a quick development of a theory of everything are likely to fail.
Telecommunications and American Empire
Authors: Schiller Dan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Telecommunications proved essential to US imperialism. While posts and telegraphs helped forge a territorial empire, during the twentieth century US leaders erected an informal empire built partly around successive iterations of an “American system of international communications.” US networking dominance was beset by capitalist rivals, however, while anti-imperialism throughout the Global South focused increasingly on communications inequalities. The Nixon administration reset US policy to counter these threats, both by cultivating new data networking technologies and challenging the state-centered telecommunications regime. Subsequently, national telecommunications systems were privatized worldwide, while data networks were implemented across borders. One network—the internet—overtook its competitors. While the US trumpeted its ascendancy as a human rights triumph, the global internet was managed by US-based organizations, dominated by US business users, and led by US tech companies. It was the most fully realized cross-border telecommunications system ever devised: a network fitted to a US empire of capital.
The Role of Research in Music Education
Authors: Miksza Peter , Shaw Julia T. , Kapalka Richerme Lauren , Hash Phillip M. , Hodges Donald A. , Cassidy Parker Elizabeth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the role that research plays in the music education profession and introduces several ways to categorize different types of research. Research in music education includes quantitative, qualitative, historical, philosophical, and action approaches to systematic inquiry. Each of these types of research has a unique contribution to make concerning music teaching and learning. Quantitative researchers gather numerical information to answer descriptive questions (e.g., What is . . . ?), questions of associations (e.g., How is variable x related to variable y?), and questions pertaining to cause and effect (e.g., What causes variable y to be the way that it is?). Qualitative researchers explore complex phenomena within naturalistic settings, foregrounding participants’ perspectives. The researcher generates text-based data sources such as interview transcripts, field notes, and artifacts and analyzes them to illuminate themes that emerge from the data. The resulting research report provides a detailed description of and supports theorization about the phenomenon of interest. Historical researchers examine original documents, artifacts, and testimony to answer questions, uncover facts, and draw meaningful conclusions related to the past and its effect on present conditions. Philosophical researchers use logical arguments and examples to investigate the assumptions underlying current music education practices and to imagine how attitudes and actions within the profession might be. Action researchers typically study their local contexts in order to take action within and as a result of their inquiries.