bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aluminum-based metal–organic framework nanoparticles as pulmonary vaccine adjuvants
Authors: Stillman Zachary S. , Decker Gerald E. , Dworzak Michael R. , Bloch Eric D. , Fromen Catherine A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe adoption of pulmonary vaccines to advantageously provide superior local mucosal protection against aerosolized pathogens has been faced with numerous logistical and practical challenges. One of these persistent challenges is the lack of effective vaccine adjuvants that could be well tolerated through the inhaled route of administration. Despite its widespread use as a vaccine adjuvant, aluminum salts (alum) are not well tolerated in the lung. To address this issue, we evaluated the use of porous aluminum (Al)-based metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles (NPs) as inhalable adjuvants. We evaluate a suite of Al-based MOF NPs alongside alum including DUT-4, DUT-5, MIL-53 (Al), and MIL-101﻿-NH2 (Al). As synthesized, MOF NPs ranged between ~ 200 nm and 1 µm in diameter, with the larger diameter MOFs matching those of commercial alum. In vitro examination of co-stimulatory markers revealed that the Al-based MOF NPs activated antigen presenting cells more effectively than alum. Similar results were found during in vivo immunizations utilizing ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, resulting in robust mucosal humoral responses for all Al MOFs tested. In particular, DUT-5 was able to elicit mucosal OVA-specific IgA antibodies that were significantly higher than the other MOFs or alum dosed at the same NP mass. DUT-5 also was uniquely able to generate detectable IgG2a titers, indicative of a cellular immune response and also had superior performance relative to alum at equivalent Al dosed in a reduced dosage vaccination study. All MOF NPs tested were generally well-tolerated in the lung, with only acute levels of cellular infiltrates detected and no Al accumulation; Al content was largely cleared from the lung and other organs at 28 days despite the two-dose regime. Furthermore, all MOF NPs exhibited mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) of ~ 1.5–2.5 µm when dispersed from a generic dry powder inhaler, ideal for efficient lung deposition. While further work is needed, these results demonstrate the great potential for use of Al-based MOFs for pulmonary vaccination as novel inhalable adjuvants.
Graphical Abstract
Erroneous detection of desensitization doses in the prevention of hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Stan Razvan Costin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Desensitization protocols have empirically established their efficacy and safety in eliminating most of the hypersensitivity reactions to drugs and other allergens. Without such procedures, the offending drugs can otherwise be lethal, for some patients, when singularly administered at therapeutic doses. These binding events and the subsequent signaling cascades have been extensively modulated by different desensitization methods, without any clear explanation as to why it is necessary to use increasing allergen doses.

Purpose
To use a novel theoretical approach in order to model the desensitization algorithms currently in practice, that seeks to shed light on the mechanism behind their clinical efficacy.

Method
An approach using signal processing concepts is applied in this work to introduce aliasing as the erroneous detection of higher drug doses responsible for the efficacy of desensitization procedures.

Results
Available experimental data is modeled and correct predictions as to the efficacy of the drug treatment procedures are produced.

Conclusions
Desensitization algorithms may benefit from using concepts from signal processing theory in order to avoid hypersensitivity reactions.
On a class of obstacle problem for Hessian equations on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Liu Jinxuan , Wang Yong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we establish the a priori$C^{2}$

C
2

estimates for solutions of a class of obstacle problem for Hessian equations on Riemannian manifolds. Some applications are also discussed. The main contribution of this paper is the boundary estimates for second-order derivatives.
Infection prevention and control in Indonesian hospitals: identification of strengths, gaps, and challenges
Authors: Supriadi Indri Rooslamiati , Haanappel Cynthia P. , Saptawati Leli , Widodo Nani H. , Sitohang Gortap , Usman Yuslely , Anom Ida Bagus , Saraswati Ratih Dian , Heger Michal , Doevendans Pieter A. , Satari Hindra Irawan , Voor in ‘t holt Anne F. , Severin Juliëtte A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Infection prevention and control (IPC) in hospitals is key to safe patient care. There is currently no data regarding the implementation of IPC in hospitals in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to assess the existing IPC level in a nationwide survey, using the World Health Organization (WHO) IPC assessment framework tool (IPCAF), and to identify strengths, gaps, and challenges.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2021. Of all general hospitals in Indonesia, 20% (N = 475) were selected using stratified random sampling based on class (A, B, C and D; class D with a maximum of 50 beds and class A with ≥ 250 beds) and region. The IPCAF was translated into Indonesian and tested in four hospitals. Questions were added regarding challenges in the implementation of IPC. Quantitative IPCAF scores are reported as median (minimum–maximum). IPC levels were calculated according to WHO tools.

Results
In total, 355 hospitals (74.7%) participated in this study. The overall median IPCAF score was 620.0 (535.0–687.5). The level of IPC was mostly assessed as advanced (56.9% of hospitals), followed by intermediate (35.8%), basic (7.0%) and inadequate (0.3%). In the eastern region of the country, the majority of hospitals scored intermediate level. Of the eight core components, the one with the highest score was IPC guidelines. Almost all hospitals had guidelines on the most important topics, including hand hygiene. Core components with the lowest score were surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), education and training, and multimodal strategies. Although > 90% of hospitals indicated that surveillance of HAIs was performed, 57.2% reported no availability of adequate microbiology laboratory capacity to support HAIs surveillance. The most frequently reported challenges in the implementation of IPC were communication with the management of the hospitals, followed by the unavailability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results and insufficient staffing of full-time IPC nurses.

Conclusion
The IPC level in the majority of Indonesian hospitals was assessed as advanced, but there was no even distribution over the country. The IPCAF in combination with interviews identified several priority areas for interventions to improve IPC in Indonesian hospitals.
Multivariate analysis of structural and functional properties of fibres from apple pomace using different extraction methods
Authors: Fidriyanto Rusli , Singh Brij Pal , Manju K. M. , Widyastuti Yantyati , Goel Gunjan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, diets rich in fibres have become more popular due to their well-documented beneficial health effects. This has driven exploration of novel dietary fibres from various bioresources. Apple pomace, an industrial waste rich in fibres was used in this study to extract the insoluble dietary fibres. The effect of various extraction methods (hot water, acid, and alkali) on the physico-chemical, structural and functional properties, and prebiotic activity of dietary fibres was evaluated. Hot water extraction resulted in highest yield of dietary fibres in comparison to other methods (p < 0.05). All the fractions resulted in different organization of fibrous components as depicted by scanning electron micrographs, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The acid extracted fibre fraction was observed to be amorphous with loose and porous structure whereas the alkali extracted fraction was more thermal stable based on TGA profile. Among the functional properties, acid extracted dietary fibres fraction possessed highest water and oil holding capacity (p < 0.05). The hot water extracted dietary fraction resulted in maximum increase in viable cell count of standard probiotic strains Lactobacillus sporogenes and Streptococcus faecalis. The Principal Component Analysis revealed that acid extracted fraction possessed better functional activity which also correlates with the structural properties whereas for prebiotic activities, the fibre obtained from hot water extraction method served the best method. These results indicate that dietary fibres extracted through hot water can be employed as a potential prebiotic substrate for the probiotic cultures and could be further explored in foods to improve textural, functional, and bioactive properties of foods.
Graphical Abstract
Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete curved box-girder bridges
Authors: Agarwal Preeti , Pal Priyaranjan , Mehta Pradeep Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study presents the design forces of simply supported single-cell reinforced concrete (RC) curved box-girder bridges using a finite element method (FEM) based CSiBridge v.20 software. An existing model has been used to validate the present modelling approach. Models subjected to vertical loading, i.e., dead load (DL) and Indian road congress live load (LL), are considered for investigation. An intensive parametric study examines the maximum values of bending moment (BM), shear force (SF), torsional moment (TM), and vertical deflection (VD) in both girders of bridges. The influences of curve angle and span are considered in the study. The effect of curve angle, up to 12°, is negligible on forces and deflections, and thus such bridges can be analysed as a straight one. Finally, non-dimensional equations are derived for evaluating forces and deflections, so that one may predict these quantities for curved bridges based on straight bridge’s results. Engineers and designers may consider present work valuable in analysing, and designing curved box-girder bridges.
The Artificial Pancreas and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nwokolo Munachiso , Hovorka Roman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Diabetes technologies represent a paradigm shift in type 1 diabetes care. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGM) improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, enhance time in optimal glycemic range, limit severe hypoglycemia, and reduce diabetes distress. The artificial pancreas or closed-loop system connects these devices via a control algorithm programmed to maintain target glucose, partially relieving the person living with diabetes of this constant responsibility. Automating insulin delivery reduces the input required from those wearing the device, leading to better physiological and psychosocial outcomes. Hybrid closed-loop therapy systems, requiring user-initiated prandial insulin doses, are the most advanced closed-loop systems commercially available. Fully closed-loop systems, requiring no user-initiated insulin boluses, and dual hormone systems have been shown to be safe and efficacious in the research setting. Clinical adoption of closed-loop therapy remains in early stages despite recent technological advances. People living with diabetes, health care professionals, and regulatory agencies continue to navigate the complex path to equitable access. We review the available devices, evidence, clinical implications, and barriers regarding these innovatory technologies.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Patient With Bilateral Pheochromocytoma and a Mutation in the Tumor Suppressor MAX
Authors: Charoenngam Nipith , Mannstadt Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rare heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of the MAX gene are associated with autosomal dominant hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome. In addition, evidence suggests that pathogenic MAX mutation may predispose to the development of other tumors, including endocrine and nonendocrine tumors, although the number of reported cases is small. We report a 67-year-old man with bilateral pheochromocytoma, primary hyperparathyroidism, prostate cancer, neurofibroma, and abdominal wall lipoma who tested positive for a heterozygous pathogenic germline MAX mutation. The patient has a history of bilateral norepinephrine-producing pheochromocytomas, for which he underwent left and right adrenalectomy in his 20s and 30s, respectively. His long-standing primary hyperparathyroidism was first documented when he was 40 years old and complicated by recurrent bilateral calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and early-onset osteoporosis. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous pathogenic deletional frameshift mutation of the exon 4 of the MAX gene (c.183_195del; p.Gln62Lysfs*104). This report, together with 3 previously reported cases, suggests that germline MAX mutation may contribute to the development of primary hyperparathyroidism and may be considered in suspected genetic forms of this disease.
Long-Term Hearing Outcome After Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Balossier Anne , Tuleasca Constantin , Delsanti Christine , Troude Lucas , Thomassin Jean-Marc , Roche Pierre-Hugues , Régis Jean 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is one of the main treatment options in the management of small to medium size vestibular schwannomas (VSs), because of high tumor control rate and low cranial nerves morbidity. Series reporting long-term hearing outcome (>3 years) are scarce.

OBJECTIVE:
To perform a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, with the aim of focusing on long-term hearing preservation after SRS.

METHODS:
Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we reviewed articles published between January 1990 and October 2020 and referenced in PubMed or Embase. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed clinical study or case series of VSs treated with SRS (single dose), reporting hearing outcome after SRS with a median or mean audiometric follow-up of at least 5 years. Hearing preservation, cranial nerves outcomes, and tumor control were evaluated.

RESULTS:
Twenty-three studies were included. Hearing preservation was found in 59.4% of cases (median follow-up 6.7 years, 1409 patients). Main favorable prognostic factors were young age, good hearing status, early treatment after diagnosis, small tumor volume, low marginal irradiation dose, and maximal dose to the cochlea. Tumor control was achieved in 96.1%. Facial nerve deficit and trigeminal neuropathy were found in 1.3% and 3.2% of patients, respectively, both significantly higher in Linear Accelerator series than Gamma Knife series (P < .05).

CONCLUSION:
Long-term hearing preservation remains one of the main issues after SRS, with a major impact on health-related quality of life. Our meta-analysis suggests that hearing preservation can be achieved in almost 60% of patients after a median follow-up of 6.7 years, irrespective of the technique.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Cervical Laminoplasty for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Double-Door With Lamina Staple, Single-Door With Miniplate, and Double-Door With Spacer—A 2-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Zheng , Tang Juan , Li Donglai , Tian Yonghao , Yuan Suomao , Wang Lianlei , Liu Xinyu 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
There were few studies to compare the outcomes of different types of cervical laminoplasties.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the clinical outcomes of double-door cervical laminoplasty with lamina staple (double-door staple), single-door cervical laminoplasty with miniplate (single-door miniplate), and double-door cervical laminoplasty with spacer (double-door spacer).

METHODS:
The study involved 166 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Fifty-two patients underwent double-door staple, 63 patients underwent single-door miniplate, and 51 patients underwent double-door spacer. The clinical outcomes were measured.

RESULTS:
There was no significant difference in Japanese Orthopedic Association score among the 3 groups (P > .05). The operation time was significantly shorter in double-door staple and single-door miniplate groups than in the double-door spacer group (P < .005). The estimated blood loss was significantly more in the single-door miniplate group than in double-door staple and double-door spacer groups (P < .005). The expansion ratio of cervical intraspinal cross-sectional area decreased in the order of double-door staple > double-door spacer > single-door miniplate. There were no significant differences in the expansion ratio of dural sac cross-sectional area among the 3 groups.

CONCLUSION:
Double-door staple, double-door spacer, and single-door miniplate can achieve favorable clinical outcomes for CSM. The blood loss of double-door staple is less than that of single-door miniplate, and the operation time of double-door staple is shorter than that of double-door spacer. The mean expansion ratio of cervical intraspinal cross-sectional area decreased in the order of double-door staple > double-door spacer > single-door miniplate. Overall, double-door staple is a safe and innovative alternative choice for treatment of CSM.
Altered Neural Pathways and Related Brain Remodeling: A Rat Study Using Different Nerve Reconstructions
Authors: Xiang Yun-Ting , Xing Xiang-Xin , Hua Xu-Yun , Zhang Yu-Wen , Xue Xin , Wu Jia-Jia , Zheng Mou-Xiong , Wang He , Xu Jian-Guang 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Function recovery is related to cortical plasticity. The brain remodeling patterns induced by alterations in peripheral nerve pathways with different nerve reconstructions are unknown.

OBJECTIVE:
To explore brain remodeling patterns related to alterations in peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries.

METHODS:
Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus nerve transection, together with the following interventions: no nerve repair (n = 8), grafted nerve repair (n = 8), and phrenic nerve transfer (n = 8). Resting-state functional MR images of brain were acquired at the end of seventh month postsurgery. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) were compared among 3 groups. Behavioral observation and electromyography assessed nerve regeneration.

RESULTS:
Compared with brachial plexus injury group, ALFF and ReHo of left entorhinal cortex decreased in nerve repair and nerve transfer groups. The nerve transfer group showed increased ALFF and ReHo than nerve repair group in left caudate putamen, right accumbens nucleus shell (AcbSh), and right somatosensory cortex. The FC between right somatosensory cortex and bilateral piriform cortices and bilateral somatosensory cortices increased in nerve repair group than brachial plexus injury and nerve transfer groups. The nerve transfer group showed increased FC between right somatosensory cortex and areas including left corpus callosum, left retrosplenial cortex, right parietal association cortex, and right dorsolateral thalamus than nerve repair group.

CONCLUSION:
Entorhinal cortex is a key brain area in recovery of limb function after nerve reconstruction. Nerve transfer related brain remodeling mainly involved contralateral sensorimotor areas, facilitating directional “shifting” of motor representation.
Cre recombinase microinjection for single-cell tracing and localised gene targeting
Authors: Sendra Miquel , de Dios Hourcade Juan , Temiño Susana , Sarabia Antonio J. , Ocaña Oscar H. , Domínguez Jorge N. , Torres Miguel 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Tracing and manipulating cells in embryos are essential to understand development. Lipophilic dye microinjections, viral transfection and iontophoresis have been key to map the origin of the progenitor cells that form the different organs in the post-implantation mouse embryo. These techniques require advanced manipulation skills and only iontophoresis, a demanding approach of limited efficiency, has been used for single-cell labelling. Here, we perform lineage tracing and local gene ablation using cell-permeant Cre recombinase (TAT-Cre) microinjection. First, we map the fate of undifferentiated progenitors to the different heart chambers. Then, we achieve single-cell recombination by titrating the dose of TAT-Cre, which allows clonal analysis of nascent mesoderm progenitors. Finally, injecting TAT-Cre to Mycnflox/flox embryos in the primitive heart tube revealed that Mycn plays a cell-autonomous role in maintaining cardiomyocyte proliferation. This tool will help researchers identify the cell progenitors and gene networks involved in organ development, helping to understand the origin of congenital defects.
Multicore fiber interconnects for multi-terabit spine-leaf datacenter network topologies
Authors: Luis Ruben S. , Puttnam Benjamin J. , Rademacher Georg , Shinada Satoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Nakanishi Tetsuya , Saito Yuki , Morishima Tetsu , Furukawa Hideaki 
Published: February 2023

This work demonstrates the use of spatial division multiplexing (SDM) to implement spine-leaf datacenter network topologies. We consider two possible scenarios, with the first consisting of the direct use of high-capacity multicore fiber interconnects. This was implemented with an 8-core multicore fiber to support 64×200Gb/s SDM wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) lanes and combined throughput of 12.8 Tb/s. We also demonstrate a scenario in which each multicore fiber interconnect is used to establish multiple connections between pairs of spin-leaf switches. An optical circuit switch is used between the spine and leaf layers to establish core-selective connections, which significantly reduces the number of cables required to implement the network. We demonstrate this approach with a commercial optical circuit switch and 8-core and 4-core multicore fiber interconnects.