bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing quadratic maximum likelihood estimators for forthcoming Stage-IV weak lensing surveys
Authors: Maraio Alessandro , Hall Alex , Taylor Andy 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTHeadline constraints on cosmological parameters from current weak lensing surveys are derived from two-point statistics that are known to be statistically sub-optimal, even in the case of Gaussian fields. We study the performance of a new fast implementation of the Quadratic Maximum Likelihood (QML) estimator, optimal for Gaussian fields, to test the performance of Pseudo-Cℓ estimators for upcoming weak lensing surveys and quantify the gain from a more optimal method. Through the use of realistic survey geometries, noise levels, and power spectra, we find that there is a decrease in the errors in the statistics of the recovered E-mode spectra to the level of $\sim \!\! 20\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ when using the optimal QML estimator over the Pseudo-Cℓ estimator on the largest angular scales, while we find significant decreases in the errors associated with the B-modes. This raises the prospects of being able to constrain new physics through the enhanced sensitivity of B-modes for forthcoming surveys that our implementation of the QML estimator provides. We test the QML method with a new implementation that uses conjugate-gradient and finite-differences differentiation methods resulting in the most efficient implementation of the full-sky QML estimator yet, allowing us to process maps at resolutions that are prohibitively expensive using existing codes. In addition, we investigate the effects of apodization, B-mode purification, and the use of non-Gaussian maps on the statistical properties of the estimators. Our QML implementation is publicly available and can be accessed from GitHub.
Cepheid metallicity in the Leavitt law (C-MetaLL) survey – III. Simultaneous derivation of theGaiaparallax offset and period–luminosity–metallicity coefficients
Authors: Molinaro R , Ripepi V , Marconi M , Romaniello M , Catanzaro G , Cusano F , De Somma G , Musella I , Storm J , Trentin E 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTClassical Cepheids (DCEPs) are the most important standard candles in the extra-galactic distance scale thanks to the period–luminosity ($\rm PL$), period–luminosity–colour ($\rm PLC$), and period–Wesenheit ($\rm PW$) relations that hold for these objects. The advent of the Gaia mission, and in particular the Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), provided accurate parallaxes to calibrate these relations. In order to fully exploit Gaia measurements, the zero point (ZP) of Gaia parallaxes should be determined with an accuracy of a few $\rm \mu as$. The individual ZP corrections provided by the Gaia team depend on the magnitude and the position on the sky of the target. In this paper, we use an implicit method that relies on the Cepheid $\rm PL$ and $\rm PW$ relations to evaluate the ensemble Gaia parallax zero point. The best inferred estimation of the offset value needed to additionally correct (after the Gaia team correction) the Gaia parallaxes of the present DCEP sample amounts to $\rm -22\pm 4\, \mu as$. This value is in agreement with the most recent literature values and confirms that the correction proposed by the Gaia team overcorrected the parallaxes. As a further application of our results, we derive an estimate of the Large Magellanic Cloud distance ($\rm \mu _0=18.49\pm 0.06\, mag$) in very good agreement with the currently accepted value obtained through geometric methods.
Radiation shielding of protoplanetary discs in young star-forming regions
Authors: Wilhelm Martijn J C , Portegies Zwart Simon , Cournoyer-Cloutier Claude , Lewis Sean C , Polak Brooke , Tran Aaron , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Protoplanetary discs spend their lives in the dense environment of a star-forming region. While there, they can be affected by nearby stars through external photoevaporation and dynamic truncations. We present simulations that use the amuse framework to couple the torch model for star cluster formation from a molecular cloud with a model for the evolution of protoplanetary discs under these two environmental processes. We compare simulations with and without extinction of photoevaporation-driving radiation. We find that the majority of discs in our simulations are considerably shielded from photoevaporation-driving radiation for at least 0.5 Myr after the formation of the first massive stars. Radiation shielding increases disc lifetimes by an order of magnitude and can let a disc retain more solid material for planet formation. The reduction in external photoevaporation leaves discs larger and more easily dynamically truncated, although external photoevaporation remains the dominant mass-loss process. Finally, we find that the correlation between disc mass and projected distance to the most massive nearby star (often interpreted as a sign of external photoevaporation) can be erased by the presence of less massive stars that dominate their local radiation field. Overall, we find that the presence and dynamics of gas in embedded clusters with massive stars is important for the evolution of protoplanetary discs.
Kinematic and thermal signatures of the directly imaged protoplanet candidate around Elias 2−24
Authors: Pinte C , Hammond I , Price D J , Christiaens V , Andrews S M , Chauvin G , Pérez L M , Jorquera S , Garg H , Norfolk B J , Calcino J , Bonnefoy M 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We report kinematic and thermal signatures associated with the directly imaged protoplanet candidate in the Elias 2–24 disc. Using the DSHARP (Disc Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project) ALMA (Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array) observations of the 12CO J = 2 − 1 line, we show that the disc kinematics are perturbed, with a detached CO emission spot at the location of the planet candidate and traces of spiral wakes, and also that the observed CO emission intensities require local heating. While the foreground extinction hides the velocity channels associated with the planet, preventing a planet mass estimate, the level of gas heating implied by the CO emission indicates the presence of a warm, embedded giant planet. Comparison with models shows that this could either be a ≳5 MJup or a lower mass (≳2 MJup) but accreting protoplanet.
Combinatorics, Composition, Copia: Mersenne’s Permutations as Rhetoric of Abundance
Authors: Redwood André 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article seeks to explain the meaning and function of Mersenne’s exhaustive lists of note permutations. As is true for all of Mersenne’s labors, the permutations are at their deepest level explicable in terms of his religious commitments—in this case, his faith in the ineffable plenitude of God’s creation. Yet, Mersenne also intended the permutations and the combinatorial procedures that generate them to serve as the foundation of a pedagogy of compositional invention. That pedagogy, this article proposes, is tacitly informed by the rhetorical notion of copia, most comprehensively theorized by Erasmus in his influential De copia.
Long-term kidney outcomes after leptospirosis: a prospective multicentre cohort study in Thailand
Authors: Phannajit Jeerath , Lertussavavivat Tanat , Limothai Umaporn , Tachaboon Sasipha , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Tungsanga Kriang , Sitprija Visith , Srisawat Nattachai 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Leptospirosis is one of the most important public-health zoonotic diseases in the tropics that can cause severe organ dysfunction and death. Currently there are insufficient data on long-term renal dysfunction in patients after leptospirosis infection.

Methods
A prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted at 15 hospitals in the Sisaket province of Thailand. Confirmed leptospirosis patients admitted from 1 December 2015 to 30 November 2018 were followed between 1 February 2020 and 31 October 2020 (median 4.1 years after hospital discharge). The primary outcome was a composite of major kidney adverse events (MAKEs) including all-cause mortality, dialysis and new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Results
Of the 217 confirmed leptospirosis cases enrolled, 32.7% were classified as having severe leptospirosis. Fifteen cases (6.9%) were deceased at the time of hospital admission. After a median follow-up time of 4.18 years, 30 patients had died and 33 patients developed CKD. Patients with severe leptospirosis had a significantly higher risk of MAKEs {adjusted hazard ratio 2.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44–4.18]}. Patients with intensive care unit admission, pulmonary haemorrhage and acute kidney injury also had a higher risk of MAKEs and all-cause mortality. Participants with severe leptospirosis in the follow-up cohort showed a higher risk of developing CKD compared with non-severe leptospirosis [adjusted odds ratio 3.22 (95% CI 1.04–9.96)], especially renal magnesium and phosphate wasting.

Conclusion
Leptospirosis patients, especially severe leptospirosis, are associated with long-term kidney sequelae. Our finding reflects the importance of long-term follow-up and the urgent need for specific interventions.
From the Inside Out: The Coercive Power of Deportation and the Erosion of the Liberal Democratic State
Authors: Kaushal Asha 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Deportation is the expulsion of a non-citizen from the territory of a state by force or coercion. Largely because it is perceived to be a necessary extension of the state’s immigration power, deportation carries the same prerogative force, benefits from the same sweeping ambit of executive discretion and is subject to the same diminished scrutiny. Deportation is, however, a distinct legal phenomenon. Present on state territory, deportees are simultaneously subject to the state’s laws by virtue of their territorial presence and excluded from the state’s liberal democratic values of legality and fundamental rights by virtue of their status. Deportation practices create spaces inside the state where these values do not reach. As a ‘spectacular state power’ that acts inside the state, deportation bears a higher justificatory burden. The failure of states to adequately discharge this justificatory burden interrupts the integrity of legality on the inside and erodes their liberal democratic character.
RADIOACTIVE AEROSOL SEPARATION CHARACTERISTICS STUDY OF A NOVEL SUBMICRON VIRTUAL IMPACTOR
Authors: He Zeyin , Hu Lv , Yang Chuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the intention of man-made radioactive aerosol separating and monitoring in a high radon environment, in this paper, a novel submicron virtual impactor was developed, and a numerical simulation model was established. Then, the rationality of the numerical method was validated by comparison to experimental data. Afterward, the variations of separation characteristics under different operating conditions of sample flow rate, minor flow ratio and clean air velocity ratio were discussed and analyzed in detail. In view of the different inertia between man-made and natural radioactive aerosol, the proposed novel submicron virtual impactor could provide a quicker approach to separate and detect the man-made radioactive aerosol particles. After that, the collection nozzle structure of the virtual impactor was improved based on the computational fluid dynamics analysis results. The results show that the proposed impactor has a higher separation efficiency and lower wall loss for fine particles compared to the conventional structures.
Chicken’s best friend? Livestock guardian dog bonding with free-ranging chickens
Authors: McKellar R A , Kreplins T L , Fleming P A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Growth in the free-range and pastured egg industries has increased globally, necessitating improvements in predator control. Some egg producers are turning to the use of livestock guardian dogs (LGD; Canis familiaris) to protect hens from predation. We worked on a property where pastured layer hens were protected by two Maremma LGDs that were released from their chicken enclosure for 2–3 nights a week. GPS tracking showed that the dogs were more strongly bonded to people than the chickens, spending most of their time at night (96.1% of location data) close to the farmhouse and only 0.09% near their chicken paddock. Despite this lack of attendance, we found no change in the paddock space use by chickens with or without the dogs present (P = 0.999). Furthermore, camera trapping revealed 40 red fox (Vulpes vulpes) events over the 46-d monitoring period, with less fox activity on nights when the LGDs were allowed to roam the property and motion-activated spotlights were also deployed (P = 0.048). An online survey of 59 poultry producers found strong belief in the effectiveness of LGDs, although half the respondents (52%) indicated that they were still experiencing predation issues. There was no association with the reported degree of human bonding of their LGDs, but respondents were more likely to report current issues with predators if they owned 100 or more chickens (P = 0.031). The present case study as well as the farmer survey have identified that LGDs can be strongly bonded to people. Although there was no evidence of subsequently increased risk of predation, bonding with people could draw LGDs away from the animals they should be defending, with predation risk for poultry likely to depend on how far away LGDs move from their livestock.
What Factors are Associated With Conversion to Knee Arthroplasty After Subchondroplasty?
Authors: Wood Dorian S. , Paulson Sally , Nolan Joseph R. , Spanyer Jonathon , Harm Richard G. , Heis Forest T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Subchondral bone marrow lesions identified on knee MRI are believed to play a role in osteoarthritis-associated pain. The subchondroplasty procedure is an arthroscopically assisted procedure for treating such lesions to avoid larger procedures such as knee arthroplasty. However, the survivorship free of conversion to arthroplasty and the factors associated with an increased likelihood of conversion of subchondroplasty to arthroplasty have not been well defined.

Questions/purposes
We performed this study to (1) determine the 5-year survivorship of subchondroplasty free from conversion to knee arthroplasty (unicompartmental or total) and (2) identify variables that were associated with progression to knee arthroplasty after a subchondroplasty procedure.

Methods
In all, 216 patients who underwent a subchondroplasty procedure performed by one surgeon with subchondroplasty experience at a single-center, multilocation facility between September 2014 and August 2017 were retrospectively evaluated to estimate survivorship free from conversion to knee arthroplasty at 5 years. The mean ± SD age and BMI at the time of subchondroplasty procedure were 59 ± 11 years and 33 ± 8 kg/m2, respectively; 60% (129 of 216) of the patients were women. Other variables collected were smoking status and grade and location of chondral lesions. The electronic medical record was reviewed to determine whether the patient had a knee arthroplasty after subchondroplasty. Survivorship free from conversion to knee arthroplasty at 5 years was calculated from a Kaplan-Meier survivorship estimator. Factors associated with progression to knee arthroplasty were examined using t-tests and chi-square analyses. Variables showing evidence of an association with knee arthroplasty were explored further using a Kaplan-Meier survivorship estimator (n = 190).

Results
Kaplan-Meier survivorship free from conversion to knee arthroplasty was 73% (95% CI 67% to 79%) at 5 years after subchondroplasty. We found that age older than 50 years and Grade 4 chondral lesions were associated with conversion to knee arthroplasty. Patients with a Grade 4 chondral lesion had 5-year survivorship of 62% (95% CI 54% to 71%) and 59% (95% CI 50% to 69%) for those older than 50 years with a Grade 4 chondral lesion.

Conclusion
Currently, we recommend a detailed, informed discussion of the risks versus benefits with patients who are considering a subchondroplasty procedure, particularly patients aged 50 years and older and those with Grade 4 chondral lesions. Future randomized trials, including those that compare the subchondroplasty procedure with arthroscopy alone or nonoperative management options, are still needed to confirm the efficacy and role of the subchondroplasty procedure in patients with knee osteoarthritis, because only such prospective studies can determine the success of the procedure.

Level of Evidence
Level IV, therapeutic study.
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive function in older US adults
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhou Xiao-Hua Andrew , Curl Cynthia , Fitzpatrick Annette , Vedal Sverre , Kaufman Joel 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Air pollution effects on cognitive function have been increasingly recognized. Little is known about the impact of different sources of fine particulate (PM2.5). We aim to evaluate the associations between long-term air pollution exposure, including source-specific components in PM2.5, and cognition in older adults.

Methods:
Cognitive assessment, including the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), Digit Symbol Coding (DSC), and Digit Span (DS), was completed in 4392 older participants in the United States during 2010–2012. Residence-specific air pollution exposures (i.e., oxides of nitrogen [NO2/NOx], PM2.5 and its components: elemental carbon [EC], organic carbon [OC], sulfur [S], and silicon [Si]) were estimated by geo-statistical models. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between each air pollutants metric and cognitive function.

Results:
An interquartile range (IQR) increase in EC (0.8 μg/m3) and Si (23.1 ng/m3) was associated with −1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.09, −2.45) and −0.88 (95% CI: −0.21, −1.54) lower CASI scores in global cognitive function. For each IQR increase in Si, the odds of low cognitive function (LCF) across domains was 1.29 times higher (95% CI: 1.04, 1.60). For other tests, NO
X
was associated with slower processing speed (DSC: −2.01, 95% CI: −3.50, −0.52) and worse working memory (total DS: −0.4, 95% CI: −0.78, −0.01). No associations were found for PM2.5 and two PM2.5 components (OC and S) with any cognitive function outcomes.

Conclusion:
Higher exposure to traffic-related air pollutants including both tailpipe (EC and NO
x
) and non-tailpipe (Si) species were associated with lower cognitive function in older adults.
Safety and effectiveness of a novel home-use therapeutic ultrasound device for the treatment of vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women: a pilot study
Authors: Hickey Martha , Baber Rodney , Eden John , Brennan Janelle , Bateson Deborah , Goldman Mindy , Rockweiler Holly , Dreon Darlene 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate safety and effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound for treatment of postmenopausal vaginal dryness.

Methods
In a pilot study, postmenopausal women with self-reported vaginal dryness were randomized (1:1) to double-blind ultrasound treatment (n = 21) or sham (n = 21) for 12 weeks. Primary effectiveness endpoint was change from baseline to week 12 in Vaginal Assessment Scale symptoms (dryness, soreness, irritation, dyspareunia). Secondary effectiveness endpoint was scoring of clinician-reported Vaginal Health Index (elasticity, fluid, pH, mucosa, moisture). After 12 weeks, participants received open-label ultrasound treatment to 1 year. Safety endpoint was treatment-emergent adverse events.

Results
In the modified intent-to-treat population, women showed (mean ± standard error) reduction in Vaginal Assessment Scale with ultrasound treatment versus sham (n = 15, −0.5 ± 0.2 vs n = 15, −0.4 ± 0.3; P = 0.9) and improved Vaginal Health Index (n = 9, 2.7 ± 0.9 vs n = 9, 0.6 ± 1.4; P = 0.3). In the per-protocol analysis population, ultrasound treatment (n = 9) versus sham (n = 8) significantly reduced symptoms score (−0.6 ± 0.3 vs −0.0 ± 1.0; P = 0.4) and significantly improved Vaginal Health Index (2.7 ± 0.9 vs −0.4 ± 1.2; P = 0.03). Improvement in effectiveness endpoints were seen at 1 year compared with baseline. There were no differences in treatment-emergent adverse events between ultrasound treatment versus sham and no serious adverse events.

Conclusions
Home-use ultrasound was safe and effective for treating vaginal dryness after 12 weeks. Effectiveness was maintained to 1 year. Therapeutic ultrasound could offer a new, nonhormonal treatment option for postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy.
Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs (PAGE): Recommendations from Editors and Reviewers
Authors: Yang Nan , Zhao Wei , Qi Wenan , Yao Chen , Dong Chongya , Zhai Zhenguo , Chen Tong , Liu Enmei , Li Guobao , Long Youlin , Wang Xinyi , Wang Zijun , Lei Ruobing , Zhou Qi , Chen Yaolong , Du Liang ,   On behalf of TERM Working Group
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Transparency Ecosystem for Research and Journals in Medicine (TERM) Working Group summarized the essential recommendations that should be considered to review and publish a high-quality guideline. These recommendations from editors and reviewers included the 10 components of essential requirements: systematic review of existing relevant guidelines, guideline registration, guideline protocol, stakeholders, conflicts of interest, clinical questions, systematic reviews, recommendation consensus, guideline reporting, and external review. TERM Working Group abbreviates them as PAGE (essential requirements for Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs), recommends guideline authors, editors, and peer reviewers use them for high-quality guidelines.
Characteristics and Potential Roles of Natural Killer Cells During SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Cao Wen-Jing , Wang Fu-Sheng , Song Jin-Wen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a tremendous burden on public health and world economies. An efficient host immune response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection requires rapid and early activation of the innate immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells represent a critical component of the innate immunity. Here, the appearance of CD56-CD16+ NK cells and unconventional CD56dim CD16neg NK cells during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the phenotype and effector functions of NK cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection were summarized. The involvement of the dysregulated NK cells in the immunopathogenesis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and clinical trials of adoptive NK cell–based therapies against COVID-19 were also discussed.
The Mote in Thy Brother's Eyes—Fusarium Solani in Leukemia Host
Authors: AlAgha Rawan , Chan Wee Lee , Edwin Thong Wei Sheng , Lee Joanne , Jen Wei Ying , Lip Chew Ka , Smitasin Nares , Somani Jyoti 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Fusariosis is increasingly seen among immunocompromised host. The organism is known for its virulence and spectrum of infections. Presenting here a case of relapse acute myeloblastic leukemia on chemotherapy with acute onset of red painful eye followed by widespread painful skin lesions. Microbiological and radiological investigations diagnosed her with disseminated fusariosis. Treatment was challenging in view its inherent resistance to multiple antifungal agents and the need for early aggressive source control. The case report reflects the importance of early diagnosis and combination chemotherapy to salvage the patient from high mortality.