bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A socio‐epistemological program for the philosophy of regulatory science
Authors: Marín Penella Guillermo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a program of action for the philosophy of regulatory science, based on a general theory of social epistemology. Two candidates are considered. The first one, offered by Alvin Goldman, is not fit for our purposes because it is focused on a veritism incompatible with non‐epistemic aims of regulatory science. The second, championed by Steve Fuller, sociologically investigates the existing means of producing knowledge, to modify them with the goal of obtaining democratic aims through action on a legislative meta‐level. The program has been built upon this procedure, instantiated by the identification, characterization, and modification of epistemic policies.
Validation of a new species for studying postoperative atrial fibrillation: Swine sterile pericarditis model
Authors: Lee Seungyup , Khrestian Celeen , Laurita Daniel , Juzbasich Dragan , Wallick Don , Waldo Albert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe canine sterile pericarditis model associated with atrial inflammation is an experimental counterpart of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). However, the use of canines for research is restricted by ethics committees in many countries, and social acceptance is declining.ObjectiveTo validate the feasibility of the swine sterile pericarditis model as an experimental counterpart to study POAF.MethodsSeven domestic pigs (35–60 kg) underwent initial pericarditis surgery. On two or more postoperative days in the closed‐chest state, we performed electrophysiological measurements of pacing threshold and atrial effective refractory period (AERP) while pacing from the right atrial appendage (RAA) and the posterior left atrium (PLA). The inducibility of POAF (>5 min) by burst pacing was determined in both the conscious and anesthetized closed‐chest state. These data were compared to previously published canine sterile pericarditis data for validation.ResultsThe pacing threshold increased from day 1 to day 3 (2 ± 0.1 to 3.3 ± 0.6 mA in the RAA, 2.5 ± 0.1 to 4.8 ± 0.2 mA in the PLA). Also, the AERP increased from day 1 to day 3 (118 ± 8 to 157 ± 16 ms in the RAA; 98 ± 4 to 124 ± 2 ms in the PLA, both p < .05). Induction of sustained POAF occurred in 43% (POAF CL range 74–124 ms). All electrophysiologic data from the swine model were consistent with the canine model with respect to (1) the range of both pacing threshold and AERP; (2) the progressive increase in threshold and AERP over time; (3) a 40%–50% incidence of POAF.ConclusionA newly developed swine sterile pericarditis model demonstrated electrophysiologic properties consistent with the canine model and patients after open heart surgery.
Integrative time‐scale and multi‐omics analysis of host responses to viroid infection
Authors: Márquez‐Molins Joan , Villalba‐Bermell Pascual , Corell‐Sierra Julia , Pallás Vicente , Gomez Gustavo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractViroids are circular RNAs of minimal complexity compelled to subvert plant‐regulatory networks to accomplish their infectious process. Studies focused on the response to viroid‐infection have mostly addressed specific regulatory levels and considered specifics infection‐times. Thus, much remains to be done to understand the temporal evolution and complex nature of viroid‐host interactions. Here we present an integrative analysis of the temporal evolution of the genome‐wide alterations in cucumber plants infected with hop stunt viroid (HSVd) by integrating differential host transcriptome, sRNAnome and methylome. Our results support that HSVd promotes the redesign of the cucumber regulatory‐pathways predominantly affecting specific regulatory layers at different infection‐phases. The initial response was characterised by a reconfiguration of the host‐transcriptome by differential exon‐usage, followed by a progressive transcriptional downregulation modulated by epigenetic changes. Regarding endogenous small RNAs, the alterations were limited and mainly occurred at the late stage. Significant host‐alterations were predominantly related to the downregulation of transcripts involved in plant‐defence mechanisms, the restriction of pathogen‐movement and the systemic spreading of defence signals. We expect that these data constituting the first comprehensive temporal‐map of the plant‐regulatory alterations associated with HSVd infection could contribute to elucidate the molecular basis of the yet poorly known host‐response to viroid‐induced pathogenesis.
Diversity, domain duplication, birth‐and‐death and adaptive evolution of fatty acyl‐CoA reductase genes in Hemiptera
Authors: Di Zhongjuan , Tian Jiahui , Ali Muhammad Yasir , Zhang Biyun , Yang Shiyong , Fu Yuejun , Li Fengqi , Luo Chen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFatty acyl‐CoA reductases (FARs) play an important role in the synthesis of fatty alcohols in various organisms. Based on the important function of FAR genes, they can be used as a potential molecular target for controlling agricultural pests. Although the FAR genes have been studied in a number of insects, the gain, loss, and molecular evolution of FAR genes between different Hemipteran species still require comprehensive and systematic study. This study systematically identified and analysed 352 FAR genes from 12 Hemipteran species, including six typical true bug species, Cimex lectularius, Apolygus lucorum, Halyomorpha halys, Oncopeltus fasciatus, Rhodnius prolixus and Gerris buenoi. The number of FAR genes per species ranged from 17 to 43, and a phylogenetic analysis showed that the identified FAR genes of Hemiptera can be classified into 11 clades. The gain and loss of FAR genes have occurred in some Hemipteran species. These FAR genes conform to the birth‐and‐death model in the evolutionary process. Through selection pressure analysis, we determined that G. buenoi in clade 11 evolved under the pressure of positive selection, with the evolutionary sites of A at position 214 and T at position 451, thus clarifying the differences in amino acids among species and providing a better understanding of the molecular evolutionary mechanism of Hemipteran FAR. In addition, structural analysis of the FAR genes revealed duplication of the two conservative domains, the Rossmann‐fold domain and the sterile domain, of the FAR in four species, namely Bemisia tabaci, Diaphorina citri, R. prolixus and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. This study lays a foundation for further studies on the molecular functions of Hemiptera FAR, and provides a possible new target for the control of Hemiptera, especially the stink bugs.
Overexpression of SMAD7 improves the function of EGFR‐targeted human CAR‐T cells against non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Guoping , Liao Guoliang , Xie Jinbao , Liu Bo , Li Xu , Qiu Minglian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRecent advancements in immunotherapy led to the development of Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy. CAR‐T cell therapy in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is hindered by overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGFβ) in the cancer cells that have a negative regulatory role on T‐cells activity. This study characterized CAR‐T with overexpression of mothers against decapentaplegic homologue 7 (SMAD), a negative regulator of TGFβ downstream signalling.MethodsWe have generated three types of CAR‐T: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐CAR‐T, EGFR‐dominant‐negative TGFbeta receptor 2 (DNR)‐CAR‐T, and EGFR‐SMAD7‐CAR‐T by transducing human T‐cells with the lentivirus constructs. We characterized the proliferation, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, activation profile, and lysis capacity in co‐cultures with A549 lung carcinoma cells with and without TGFβ neutralizing antibodies. We also tested the therapeutic potential of EGFR‐SMAD7‐CAR‐T in the A549 cells tumour‐bearing mice model.ResultsBoth EGFR‐DNR‐CAR‐T and EGFR‐SMAD7‐CAR‐T demonstrated a higher proliferation rate and lysis capacity to A549 than traditional EGFR‐CAR‐T. Neutralization of TGFβ by the antibodies resulted in increased performance of EGFR‐CAR‐T. In vivo, both EGFR‐DNR‐CAR‐T and EGFR‐SMAD7‐CAR‐T resulted in complete tumour resorption by day 20, whereas conventional CAR‐T only has a partial effect.ConclusionWe demonstrated the high efficacy and resistance to negative TGFβ regulation of EGFR‐SMAD7‐CAR‐T comparable with EGFR‐DNR‐CAR‐T and without the systemic effect of TGFβ inhibition.
Evaluation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 monoclonal antibodies in high‐risk solid organ transplant recipients across three major coronavirus disease 2019 variant waves
Authors: Zeitler Kristen , Piccicacco Nicholas , O'Neal Melissa , Montero Jose , Myers Andrew , Strebig Daniel , Nestler Sarah , Anger Lyndsey Bowman , Kim Kami 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues to impact immunocompromised populations including solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown effectiveness in reducing COVID‐19‐related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in SOTRs at different time frames in the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, less data exist on the impact of mAbs for SOTRs across variant waves and with the advent of available COVID‐19 vaccines.MethodsThis retrospective study included SOTR outpatients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 and received mAbs from December 2020 to February 2022 (n = 233); using in‐house sequencing of clinical samples, we monitored the emergence of Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants. The primary outcome was a composite of 29‐day COVID‐19‐related hospitalizations and ED visits. Prespecified secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary endpoint; for patients requiring hospitalization post‐mAb administration, we describe their inpatient treatment.ResultsA low percentage of SOTRs treated with mAb required hospitalization or an ED visit (14.6% overall); this did not differ across COVID‐19 variants (p = .152). Hospitalization and ED visits did not significantly differ between abdominal and cardiothoracic SOTRs. For hospitalized patients, the majority received treatment with corticosteroids and few required intensive care unit (ICU) care.ConclusionAmong SOTR outpatients with mild or moderate COVID‐19 symptoms, early administration of mAb minimizes the need for hospital care. For patients requiring hospitalization, corticosteroids were common but patients experienced low rates of oxygen supplementation and ICU care. Use of mAbs in SOTRs should be considered early in the disease when therapy is available.
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Does trade policy help or hinder global warming? A case study of Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Moreira Mauricio Mesquita , Dolabella Marcelo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe dire prospects of global warming have been increasing the pressure on policymakers to use trade policy as a mitigation tool, challenging trade economists' canonical ‘targeting principle’. Even though the justifications for this stance remain as valid as ever, it no longer seems feasible in a world that is already engaging actively in using trade policy for climate purposes. However, the search for second‐best solutions remains warranted. In this paper, we focus on the climate benefits of tariff reform for a broad sample of Latin American and Caribbean countries, drawing on Shapiro's (2021, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 136, 831) insights about the environmental bias of trade policy. Using a partial equilibrium approach and GTAP‐MRIO data for 2014, we show that even though there is evidence of a negative bias towards ‘dirty goods’ in half of the countries studied, translating this into actionable tariff reforms is plagued by interpretation and implementation difficulties, as well as by jurisdictional and efficiency trade‐offs. There are also questions about their efficacy in curbing greenhouse gas emissions.
Enhanced dissipation and Taylor dispersion in higher‐dimensional parallel shear flows
Authors: Coti Zelati Michele , Gallay Thierry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider the evolution of a passive scalar advected by a parallel shear flow in an infinite cylinder with bounded cross section, in arbitrary space dimension. The essential parameters of the problem are the molecular diffusivity , which is assumed to be small, and the wave number in the streamwise direction, which can take arbitrary values. Under generic assumptions on the shear velocity , we obtain optimal decay estimates for large times, both in the enhanced dissipation regime and in the Taylor dispersion regime . Our results can be deduced from resolvent estimates using a quantitative version of the Gearhart–Prüss theorem, or can be established more directly via the hypocoercivity method. Both approaches are explored in the present example, and their relative efficiency is compared.
Theoretical Puncture Mechanics of Soft Compressible Solids
Authors: Fregonese Stefano , Tong Zhiyuan , Wang Sibo , Bacca Mattia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Accurate prediction of the force required to puncture a soft material is critical in many fields like medical technology, food processing, and manufacturing. However, such a prediction strongly depends on our understanding of the complex nonlinear behavior of the material subject to deep indentation and complex failure mechanisms. Only recently, we developed theories capable of correlating puncture force with material properties and needle geometry. However, such models are based on simplifications that seldom limit their applicability to real cases. One common assumption is the incompressibility of the cut material, albeit no material is truly incompressible. In this article, we propose a simple model that accounts for linearly elastic compressibility, and its interplay with toughness, stiffness, and elastic strain stiffening. Confirming previous theories and experiments, materials having high toughness and low modulus exhibit the highest dimensionless puncture resistance at a given needle radius. Surprisingly, in these conditions, we observe that incompressible materials exhibit the lowest puncture resistance, where volumetric compressibility can create an additional (strain) energy barrier to puncture. Our model provides a valuable tool to assess the puncture resistance of soft compressible materials and suggests new design strategies for sharp needles and puncture-resistant materials.
Behavior and Large-Scale Modeling of Multi-Sheet Aluminum Connections With Self-Piercing Rivets
Authors: André Victor , Costas Miguel , Langseth Magnus , Morin David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the mechanical quasi-static behavior of self-piercing rivet (SPR) connections with three stacked sheets made from an AA6016-T4 aluminum alloy. The goal was to study the effects of sheet thickness and stack up of the SPR connection under large deformation and failure. Several different types of tests were performed to investigate the initial load-bearing capacity as well as the remaining capacity after partial joint failure. Additionally, the performance of state-of-the-art constraint modeling techniques was evaluated. The parameters for large-scale connector models were found through inverse modeling of the experiments. The models were validated against an additional test configuration where the middle sheet was load-free.
A Two-Stage Focal Transformer for Human–Robot Collaboration-Based Surface Defect Inspection
Authors: Gao Yiping , Gao Liang , Li Xinyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Human–robot collaboration has become a hotspot in smart manufacturing, and it also has shown the potential for surface defect inspection. The robot can release workload, while human collaboration can help to recheck the uncertain defects. However, the human–robot collaboration-based defect inspection can be hardly realized unless some bottlenecks have been solved, and one of them is that the current methods cannot decide which samples to be rechecked, and the workers can only recheck all of the samples to improve inspection results. To overcome this problem and realize the human–robot collaboration-based surface defect inspection, a two-stage Transformer model with focal loss is proposed. The proposed method divides the traditional inspection process into detection and recognition, designs a collaboration rule to allow workers to collaborate and recheck the defects, and introduces the focal loss into the model to improve the recognition results. With these improvements, the proposed method can collaborate with workers by rechecking the defects and improve surface quality. The experimental results on the public dataset have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method, the accuracies are significantly improved by the human collaboration, which are 1.70%∼4.18%. Moreover, the proposed method has been implemented into a human–robot collaboration-based prototype to inspect the carton surface defects, and the results also verify the effectiveness. Meanwhile, the proposed method has a good ability for visualization to find the defect area, and it is also conducive to defect analysis and rechecking.
mLST8 is essential for coronavirus replication and regulates its replication through the mTORC1 pathway
Authors: Fu Yanan , Fu Zhen , Su Zhelin , Li Lisha , Yang Yilin , Tan Yubei , Xiang Yixin , Shi Yuejun , Xie Shengsong , Sun Limeng , Peng Guiqing 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses (CoVs), which pose a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide, need to hijack host factors to complete their replicative cycles. However, the current study of host factors involved in CoV replication remains unknown. Here, we identified a novel host factor, mammalian lethal with sec-13 protein 8 (mLST8), which is a common subunit of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), and is critical for CoV replication. Inhibitor and knockout (KO) experiments revealed that mTORC1, but not mTORC2, is essential for transmissible gastroenteritis virus replication. Furthermore, mLST8 KO reduced the phosphorylation of unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a factor downstream of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, and mechanistic studies revealed that decreased phosphorylation of the mTORC1 downstream factor ULK1 promoted the activation of autophagy, which is responsible for antiviral replication in mLST8 KO cells. Then, transmission electron microscopy indicated that both mLST8 KO and autophagy activator inhibited the formation of double-membrane vesicles in early viral replication. Finally, mLST8 KO and autophagy activator treatment could also inhibit the replication of other CoVs, indicating a conserved relationship between autophagy activation and CoV replication. In summary, our work reveals that mLST8 is a novel host regulator of CoV replication, which provides new insights into the mechanism of CoV replication and can facilitate the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.

IMPORTANCE
CoVs are highly variable, and existing CoV vaccines are still limited in their ability to address mutations in CoVs. Therefore, the need to improve our understanding of the interaction of CoVs with the host during viral replication and to find targets for drugs against CoVs is urgent. Here, we found that a novel host factor, mLST8, is critical for CoV infection. Further studies showed that mLST8 KO inhibited the mTORC1 signaling pathway, and we found that autophagy activation downstream of mTORC1 was the main cause of antiviral replication in mLST8 KO cells. Autophagy activation impaired the formation of DMVs and inhibited early viral replication. These findings deepen our understanding of the CoV replication process and provide insights into potential therapeutic applications.
Infection of ferrets with wild type-based recombinant canine distemper virus overwhelms the immune system and causes fatal systemic disease
Authors: Laksono Brigitta M. , Roelofs Dagmar , Comvalius Anouskha D. , Schmitz Katharina S. , Rijsbergen Laurine C. , Geers Daryl , Nambulli Sham , van Run Peter , Duprex W. Paul , van den Brand Judith M. A. , de Vries Rory D. , de Swart Rik L. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes systemic infection resulting in severe and often fatal disease in a large spectrum of animal host species. The virus is closely related to measles virus and targets myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial cells, but CDV is more virulent and the infection spreads more rapidly within the infected host. Here, we aimed to study the pathogenesis of wild-type CDV infection by experimentally inoculating ferrets with recombinant CDV (rCDV) based on an isolate directly obtained from a naturally infected raccoon. The recombinant virus was engineered to express a fluorescent reporter protein, facilitating assessment of viral tropism and virulence. In ferrets, this wild type-based rCDV infected myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial cells, and the infection resulted in systemic dissemination to multiple tissues and organs, especially those of the lymphatic system. High infection percentages in immune cells resulted in depletion of these cells both from circulation and from lymphoid tissues. The majority of CDV-infected ferrets reached their humane endpoints within 20 d and had to be euthanized. In that period, the virus also reached the central nervous system in several ferrets, but we did not observe the development of neurological complications during the study period of 23 d. Two out of 14 ferrets survived CDV infection and developed neutralizing antibodies. We show for the first time the pathogenesis of a non-adapted wild type-based rCDV in ferrets.

IMPORTANCE
Infection of ferrets with recombinant canine distemper virus (rCDV) expressing a fluorescent reporter protein has been used as proxy to understand measles pathogenesis and immune suppression in humans. CDV and measles virus use the same cellular receptors, but CDV is more virulent, and infection is often associated with neurological complications. rCDV strains in current use have complicated passage histories, which may have affected their pathogenesis. Here, we studied the pathogenesis of the first wild type-based rCDV in ferrets. We used macroscopic fluorescence to identify infected cells and tissues; multicolor flow cytometry to determine viral tropism in immune cells; and histopathology and immunohistochemistry to characterize infected cells and lesions in tissues. We conclude that CDV often overwhelmed the immune system, resulting in viral dissemination to multiple tissues in the absence of a detectable neutralizing antibody response. This virus is a promising tool to study the pathogenesis of morbillivirus infections.
The complex Rodrigues triple junction migration since ca. 8 Ma: A response to episodic Amsterdam–St. Paul hotspot tail capture by the Southeast Indian Ridge?
Authors: Meyzen Christine M. , Schwarz-Schampera Ulrich 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe mutual intersection of three plate boundaries, so-called triple junctions, has long been recognized as crucial boundaries for unraveling the spatiotemporal motion of tectonic plates. Yet, the dynamic and tectonic processes ruling their migration remain enigmatic. At the Rodrigues triple junction, the Southwest Indian Ridge lengthens northeastward in response to the unsteady linearity of the Southeast Indian Ridge–Central Indian Ridge dueling ridge system. This mechanism is episodically compensated by the southeastward propagation of the Central Indian Ridge and alternating stages of recession and progression of the Southeast Indian Ridge. This has led to an apparent length constancy of the first Southeast Indian Ridge segment over the past ca. 8 Ma. These multiple ridge propagation episodes, from northwest, southwest, and southeast, result in a net northeastward migration of the Rodrigues triple junction. Here, we suggest that its migration since ca. 8 Ma is a consequence of short-term readjustments of its plate boundaries induced by transitory motion changes of the Capricorn plate, driven by episodic push forces exerted from ephemeral captures of the Amsterdam–St. Paul plume tail by the Southeast Indian Ridge at the southeastern part of the Capricorn plate (77.3°E–78.6°E).