bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do the change in β-hCG values between the 0th and 4th day in tubal ectopic pregnancy treatment with a single-dose methotrexate (MTX) protocol, predict the need for a second dose of MTX?
Authors: REIS Yıldız AKDAS , AKAY Arife , Özkan Merve , Fıratlıgil Fahri Burcin , Dereli Murat Levent , Kınay Tuğba , Erkaya Salim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim: The single-dose methotrexate (MTX) regimen is effective and minimizes side effects but an additional 2nd dose is needed in case of failure in an ectopic pregnancy (EP). We aimed to predict the additional MTX dose by evaluating the change in β-hCG values between day 0 and day 4 in EPs with administered single-dose MTX regimen.
Method: A total of 454 tubal EPs between 2013 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Cases cured with a single dose of MTX without an additional dose were accepted as the control group, and cases under a single-dose regimen were cured by applying a second dose of MTX on the 7th day were accepted as the study group. Obstetric and demographic characteristics and the change in β-hCG values compared in both groups.
Results: Age, body mass index (BMI), gravida, smoking, abdominal surgery, presence of IUDs, initial β-hCG levels (0th day), and EP size were similar in both groups, but the presence of previous EP history was significantly higher in the study group. The change of β-hCG from days 0 and 4 determined that a 20% increase predicts the need for a 2nd dose of MTX with 72.4% sensitivity, and 87.8% negative predictive value (NPV).
Conclusion: The single-dose MTX protocol is successful in 83.3% of convenient cases (as the control group), but, an increase of 20% in β-hCG between days 0 and 4 predicts the patients that need to be administered 2nd dose MTX, and thus, a double-dose MTX protocol will be achieved early.
New data on Neanderthal behavior in the Altai Region, Russia
Authors: Kolobova Kseniya A. , Kharevich Alena V. , Vasilyev Sergei K. , Kharevich Vladimir M. , Bocharova Ekaterina N. , Chistyakov Pavel V. , Olsen John W. , Krivoshapkin Andrei I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Until recently, only two sites yielding Micoquian/KMG lithic assemblages were known in the Russian Altai Region, which are the result of Late European Neanderthal migrations from Eastern Europe. European Micoquian/KMG sites, often located in close proximity to one another, vary functionally, reflecting complex behavioral patterns of Neanderthal populations. Conversely, two sites in the Altai Region are identified as base camps only, suggesting that sites with other functions either have yet been undiscovered or destroyed by post-depositional processes. Here, we present new data from Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha Cave, located close to Okladnikov Cave in southern Siberia. A stone tool typical of the Micoquian/KMG was recovered from Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha Layers 3, chronologically overlapping Neanderthal cultural strata uncovered in Okladnikov Cave. The tool’s typology and chronology suggest that it belonged to a Neanderthal from Okladnikov Cave. Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha Cave may have been used as a game observation point for hunters pursuing prey in the river valley below. Like their European cousins, late Neanderthals in the Altai Region explored areas near their habitations, which suggests no significant changes in the behavior of the Neanderthal population that migrated eastward into Siberia.
Use of enhanced ct to diagnose lymph node metastasis in patients with resectable advanced gastric carcinoma
Authors: Ming Shuai , Hu Guoqing , Cheng Peng , Chai Jie , Zhang Yadi , Wei Wei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Computed tomography (CT) has uncertain value in determining preoperative lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC). This study aimed to determine the ability of enhanced CT to diagnose LNM in patients with resectable AGC.
Methods: Eighty-five AGC patients who received enhanced CT, gastrectomy, and lymph node (LN) dissection were examined. Patients were divided into two groups based on postoperative pathological examinations: a LN positive group (n=32) and a LN negative group (n=53). LNs were examined using preoperative enhanced CT, and axial diameters and enhanced CT values were recorded to enable comparisons with pathological results.
Results: In the LN-positive group, the number of positive LNs was 359 based on CT and 135 based on pathology. In the LN-negative group, the number negative LNs was 1301 based on CT and 174 based on pathology. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated the critical LN measurement was 7.5 mm for the long axis and 5.5 mm for the short axis. The critical values of average HU values (AHUVs) from CT increased with cancer stage. The sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) had moderate values based on a single index. The combination of LN short axis and arterial phase AHUVs after logistic regression led to a sensitivity of 77%, specificity of 84%, and AUC of 0.89.
Conclusions: Use of the LN short axis length and arterial phase AHUVs had high reliability for diagnosis of LNM in AGC patients, and may be useful for clinical decision-making.
Standardization of process for the development of Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) flower powder supplemented functional yogurt
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Chaudhary Rajan , Tripathi Abhishek Dutt , Agarwal Aparna , Paul Veena 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to develop functional yogurt enriched with dried Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) flower. Initially, physicochemical, microbiological, and sensorial attributes of yogurt prepared from different concentrations (0 to 3%) of Butterfly pea flower were studied. Yogurt supplemented with 1%, w/v butterfly pea flower showed better overall acceptability in sensorial terms and was optimized. The optimized BPF-rich yogurt showed 0.74 ± 0.3% ash content and 16.12 ± 0.02 total soluble solids which were higher than control yogurt. Rheological attributes (viscosity and syneresis), pH, and titratable acidity were similar in optimized BPF-rich yogurt and control yogurt. The DPPH inhibition activity (61.50%) and total phenolic content (87.23 mg GAE/g) and texture of optimized BPF-rich yogurt were better than control. The effect of storage period on free fatty acid, whey separation, acidity, total lactic acid bacteria count, coliform, yeast and mold count, and sensory parameters were studied. A significant increase was observed in free fatty acid value, acidity, and whey separation, while the lactic acid bacteria count was observed to be decreasing significantly (p < 0.05) in BPF-rich yogurt during 21 days of storage. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed better morphological characteristics and hydration properties in optimized BPF-rich yogurt. Ultra-Performing Liquid Chromatography analysis of BPF yogurt showed bioactive compounds such as delphinidin derivatives and cyanidin derivatives exhibiting functional attributes.
Effect of Hyperhidrosis on Quality of Life and its Correlation with Anxiety
Authors: MONGA PRABHNOOR , MANJHI MUKESH 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the extent and nature of daily life and quality of life of various individuals suffering from hyperhidrosis and its correlation with mental health issues like anxiety, especially in a developing country like India is still lacking. This study investigated the effect of hyperhidrosis on the daily life of patients along with its correlation and predisposition to anxiety using a mix of qualitative research methods.
Integrating social vulnerability into global flood risk mapping
Authors: Fox Sean , Agyemang Felix , Hawker Laurence , Neal Jeffrey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Global flood risk maps combine data from hydrodynamic models with gridded population or GDP data to estimate the amount of people or wealth likely to be exposed to future flood events. These estimates rarely incorporate measures of social vulnerability, which is a key source of variation in outcomes for exposed populations. To address this lacuna, we integrate annual average exceedance probability estimates from a high-resolution (~90m) flood model with gridded population and economic data to create a global vulnerability-adjusted risk index for flooding (VARI Flood). Designed for decision makers, this approach radically alters how we perceive the geography of risk by identifying ‘hotspots’ characterised by high population density and high levels of social vulnerability. VARI Flood could be used as a complement to traditional population or asset-centred approaches. Our results also highlight the urgent need to improve social vulnerability mapping within cities and rapidly urbanizing regions.
Anti-inflammatory Properties of Ginseng-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles in LPS-induced RAW264.7
Authors: Kyung Kim Youn , Lee Yeon-Hee , Sang-Woo Lee 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives Exosomes are extracellular nano-sized vesicles which transport proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and polysaccharides. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is known to have various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, ginseng derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GDEs) may be considered to contribute to inflammation mechanisms. The main aim of this study elucidated that GDEs exert anti-inflammatory activities, which can molecularly modulate an inflammation mechanism in mammalian cells.Methods GDEs were isolated by the method using sucrose cushioning ultracentrifugation and the morphology of GDEs was shown through transmission electron microscope (TEM). The number of particles and size distribution of the GDEs were evaluated using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of GDEs, the expression levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines were analyzed in lipopoly-saccarides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7, murine macrophages. ELISA, qPCR, WB and nitric oxide assay were carried out for analyzing anti-inflammatory effects of the GDEs in mammalian cells.Results GDEs showed a spherical shape with an average diameter of 176.2 nm and a substantial number of GDEs was counted as 1.09 x 1012 ± 1.19 x 1011 particles/ml. The pretreated GDEs in LPS-induced RAW264.7 suppressed the protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interlukin-1beta (IL-1β), interlukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). In addition, protein expression levels of inflammation-related enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as production of nitric oxide (NO) were dramatically decreased by the GDEs in LPS-induced RAW264.7. Correspondingly, the GDEs treatment clearly reduced LPS-induced mRNA expression levels of the iNOS and COX-2. In addition, expression patterns of the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were gradually down-regulated by the GDEs in a dosage dependent manner.Conclusion These results demonstrated that Ginseng-derived exosome-like nanoparticles inhibited the expression of the inflammation mediators, suggesting that the GDEs possess anti-inflammatory activities and molecularly regulate the inflammatory mechanism in mammalian cells. Collectively, the GDEs has high potential as a novel therapeutic agent to treat chronic inflammatory diseases.
Paleoclimatic evolution and weathering in the Northern South China Sea during the last 61 kyr BP--Sedimentary records from the coastal zone
Authors: Liang Dingyong , Xu Guoqiang , Xia Changjian , Gao Fanglei , Lin Yihua , Du Juan , Liyun JIA 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The history of silicate chemical weathering is recorded by Marine sediments in the west coastal zone, contains the information of terrigenous climate and environment evolution.in order to constrain the Proxy index and driving mechanism of summer monsoon intensityof the sediments from this core since ~61 Kyr BP, the grain size, clay minerals and elemental geochemistry of sediments from core KZK01 in the coastal zone of the Northern South China Sea have been analyzed. The results showed that the illite crystallinity and smectite/(illite+chlorite) not only reflects the intensity of surface chemical weathering in the source area, but also clearly records the Heinrich event (H5), Younger Dryas event and the cold events since the Holocene, such as 8.2 Ka, 4.2 Ka and 2.8 Ka.The regional East Asian summer monsoon is mainly driven by the summer solar radiation at low latitudes in the northern hemisphere,Cold climate events have a global consistency and may be related to the global impact of high-latitude ice sheets.The paleoclimatic changes since 61 Kyr BP in the Northern South China Sea can be divided into 61kry BP~59.5kry BP、59.5kry BP~49.5kry BP、49.5kry BP~40.5kry BP、and 40.5kry BP~11.5kry BP、11.5kry bp~2 kry BP and 2kry BP to present six stages.In different stages of climate evolution, the alternating characteristics of cold, dry, warm and wet are obvious, with significant stages.
CIS deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 enhances human primary natural killer cell functions against allogeneic glioblastoma
Authors: Nakazawa Tsutomu , Morimoto Takayuki , Maeoka Ryosuke , Matsuda Ryosuke , Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Nishimura Fumihiko , Ouji Noriko , Yamada Shuichi , Nakagawa Ichiro , Park Young-Soo , Ito Toshihiro , Nakase Hiroyuki , Tsujimura Takahiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor and has “immunologically cold” features. Changing GBM to an “immunologically hot” tumor requires a strong trigger that induces initial immune responses in GBM. Allogeneic natural killer cells (NKCs) have gained considerable attention as promising immunotherapeutic tools against cancer, where gene-edited NKCs would result in effective anti-cancer treatment. The present study focused on the immune checkpoint molecule cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) as a critical negative regulator in NKCs. We successfully induced human CIS-deleted NKCs (NK dCIS) by combining our specific human NKC expansion method available for clinical application and genome editing technology. CIS gene-specific guide RNA/Cas9 protein complex suppressed CIS expression in the expanded NKCs with high expansion efficacy. Comprehensive gene expression analysis demonstrated increased expression of 265 genes and decreased expression of 86 genes in the NK dCIS, which were comparatively small changes. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the enriched genes were involved in NKC effector functions. Functional analysis revealed that the NK dCIS had increased interferon (IFN)ɤ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. CIS deletion enhanced NKC-mediated apoptosis induction against allogeneic GBM cells and spheroids. Intracranial administration of the allogeneic NKCs prolonged the overall survival of xenograft brain tumor mice. Furthermore, the NK dCIS extended the overall survival of the mice. The findings demonstrated the successful induction of human primary NK dCIS with CRISPR/Cas9 with efficient expansion. CIS deletion enhanced the NKC-mediated anti-tumor effects in allogeneic GBM and could be a promising immunotherapeutic alternative for patients with GBM.
Using Multi-Ancestry Polygenic Risk Scores for Coronary Artery Disease as Risk Enhancers for a 10 Year Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Tool
Authors: Busby George , Kulm Scott , Bolli Alessandro , Kintzle Jen , Domenico Paolo Di , Bottà Giordano 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Clinical implementation of new prediction models requires evaluation of their validity and utility in a broad range of intended use populations. Here we outline the development and validation of multiple ancestry-specific Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) using a dataset comprising 29,389 individuals from multiple cohorts and diverse genetic ancestry groups. We leverage summary statistics from multiple genome-wide association studies comprising over 850,000 individuals to develop calibrated CAD PRSs with an average Odds Ratio per Standard Deviation (ORxSD) of 1.57 (SD = 0.14). Relative to competing scores, across major genetic ancestry groups these PRSs identify between 26 and 184 additional high risk individuals for every 1,000 people screened. We infer ancestry- specific high risk PRS thresholds and apply these to independent test datasets to identify between 12% and 24% of individuals who are at greater than twice the polygenic risk of CAD compared to the rest of the population. Using these PRSs to reclassify borderline or intermediate 10 year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk in a cohort of 9,691 individuals improved the classification of those at increased risk of both CAD (Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) = 13.14% (95%CI 9.23-17.06%)) and ASCVD (NRI = 10.70 (95%CI 7.35-14.05)). Our analyses demonstrate that using PRSs as Risk Enhancers can improve clinical 10 year ASCVD risk assessments and provide an approach for utilizing polygenic information to guide ASCVD prevention efforts.
Ecological Assessment of the Terrestrial Biomes for Wildlife in Iran
Authors: Ansari Amir , Ghorbanpour Mansour , Kazemi Ali 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Man-made activities owing to damage and fragmentation of habitat are the biggest threats to the biodiversity of Iran's Terrestrial Biomes in recent years. To fully understand the treats, we must first identify and map those biomes. Data sources used to do that included: For this study, IDRISI TerrSet 18.31 Software, Iranian Roads, Iran Protected Areas, Iran Terrestrial Biomes, Iran-wide Land cover maps of 2017, and the Terrestrial Biomes Ecosystem Service Modeler on the InVEST toolkit (TBESMI) were used to map biomes. The results show that the largest terrestrial biome in Iran is Deserts and Xeric Shrublands (DXS) (57.77%) and the smallest is Flooded Grasslands and Savannas (FGS) (0.44%). Roads, and urban and agricultural development are among the largest threats and most destructive stressors in terrestrial biomes. This study shows that there is a growth in destruction of habitat in the Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forest (TBMF) (11.08%), Temperate Coniferous Forest (TCF) (8.84%), and Flooded Grasslands and Savannas (FGS) (7.77%); and a decrease in the DXS (5.14%). There is also an increase in habitat landscape quality in the DXS (62.91%), FGS (57.44%), and Montane Grasslands and Shrublands (MGS) (47.44%); and a decrease in the TGSS (23.19%) and TBMF (26.59%). Finally, there are an increase in the cumulative risk of habitat degradation in the TCF (86.61), Temperate-Grasslands-Savannas-Shrublands (TGSS) (85.83%), and TBMF (83.1%); and a decrease in cumulative risk in the DXS (41.12%). The Iran Terrestrial Biomes include areas protected for quality (11.68%), degradation (8.04%), and risk (8.5%). The FGS Terrestrial Biome with the highest cumulative risk and the MGS Terrestrial Biome with the highest cumulative risk exposure are at the highest risk from man-made activities. Stressors from Agriculture and Urbanization have the highest exposure scores in the MGS, and Roads have the highest exposure scores in the TBMF and DXS Terrestrial Biomes.
Real-world post-deployment performance of a novel machine learning-based digital health technology for skin lesion assessment and suggestions for post-market surveillance
Authors: Kalsi Dilraj , Thomas Lucy , Hyde Chris , Mullarkey Dan , Greenhalgh Jack , Ko Justin M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Deep Ensemble for Recognition of Malignancy (DERM) is an artificial intelligence as a medical device (AIaMD) tool for skin lesion assessment. We report prospective real-world performance from its deployment within skin cancer pathways at two National Health Service hospitals (UK). Between July 2021 and October 2022, 14,500 cases were seen, including patients 18–100 years old with Fitzpatrick skin types I–VI represented. Based on 8,571 lesions assessed by DERM with confirmed outcomes, versions A and B demonstrated very high sensitivity for detecting melanoma (95.0–100.0%) or malignancy (96.0–100.0%). Benign lesion specificity was 40.7–49.4% (DERM-vA) and 70.1–73.4% (DERM-vB). DERM identified 15.0–31.0% of cases as eligible for discharge. We show DERM performance in-line with sensitivity targets and pre-marketing authorisation research, and it reduced the caseload for hospital specialists in two pathways. Based on our experience we offer suggestions on key elements of post-market surveillance for AIaMDs.
Synthesis and structure characterization of three pharmaceutical compounds based on tinidazole compounds
Authors: Li Na , Chen Ruixin , Zhang Mingjuan , Wu Tingting , Liu Kang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tinidazole (TNZ), a 5-nitroimidazole derivative, has received increasing attention due to its pharmacological activities in treatment for amebic and parasitic infections. However, this pharmaceutical shows poor stability. In order to improve the stability of TNZ, we synthesized three novel drug supramolecular compounds successfully. The three compounds discussed in our work were constructed by TNZ and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,6-DHBA), 4-methylsalicylic acid (4-MAC) and 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (5-C-2-HBA). The N-H···O, O-H···O hydrogen bonds and weak C-H···O hydrogen bonds are the primary intermolecular force in the construction of the three compounds. Crystal structure analysis revealed that all the cocrystals exhibit three-dimensional supramolecular architectures. Furthermore, six primary synthons Ⅰ R22 (8), Ⅱ R21 (6), Ⅲ R22(12), Ⅳ R33(9), Ⅴ R22(12), Ⅵ R33(9) forming through various hydrogen bonds are founded in the three compounds. What’s more, resulting pharmaceutical supramolecular compounds showed improved stability. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are reported.
Trends in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from 2016 to 2021 in Shanghai, China
Authors: huanjin Liao , Lan Yu , Cui zelin , rong Tong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives We sought to analyze the antimicrobial resistance trends of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) isolated from patients.Methods Twelve commonly used antibiotics from E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated every year from 2016 to 2021 were analyzed to identify trends in antimicrobial resistance over time using univariate tests of trend and multivariate regression models to account for the effects of patient demographics.Results The numbers of E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains increased, while the rates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae remained stable. The number and rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae increased. Statistically significant increases in the proportions of E. coli and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates resistant to meropenem, cefepime, cefoperazone-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and fosfomycin were observed, and increases in the non-ESBL-producing E. coli resistance rates to cefepime, ceftazidime, and piperacillin-tazobactam were observed. Similarly, the proportions of K. pneumoniae and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae resistant to imipenem, meropenem, cefoxitin, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and fosfomycin increased during the study, while the non-ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae resistance rates to cefazolin and fosfomycin increased.Conclusions Increases in ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials and the marked increase in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were the most remarkable changes observed from 2016 to 2021. This paper provides important information for governments and clinicians to track antimicrobial resistance and will provide insights into antimicrobial strategies.