bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene flow drives genomic diversity in Asian Pikas distributed along the core and range‐edge habitats in the Himalayas
Authors: Dahal Nishma , Romine Melia G. , Khatiwara Sunita , Ramakrishnan Uma , Lamichhaney Sangeet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudying the genetic variation among different species distributed across their core and range‐edge habitats can provide valuable insights into how genetic variation changes across the species' distribution range. This information can be important for understanding local adaptation, as well as for conservation and management efforts. In this study, we have carried out genomic characterization of six species of Asian Pikas distributed along their core and range‐edge habitats in the Himalayas. We utilized a population genomics approach using ~28,000 genome‐wide SNP markers obtained from restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing. We identified low nucleotide diversity and high inbreeding coefficients in all six species across their core and range‐edge habitats. We also identified evidence of gene flow among genetically diverse species. Our results provide evidence of reduced genetic diversity in Asian pikas distributed across the Himalayas and the neighboring regions and indicate that recurrent gene flow is possibly a key mechanism for maintaining genetic diversity and adaptive potential in these pikas. However, full‐scale genomics studies that utilize whole‐genome sequencing approaches will be needed to quantify the direction and timing of gene flow and functional changes associated with introgressed regions in the genome. Our results represent an important step toward understanding the patterns and consequences of gene flow in species, sampled at the least studied, yet climatically vulnerable part of their habitat that can be further used to inform conservation strategies that promote connectivity and gene flow between populations.
Toward a national eDNA strategy for the United States
Authors: Kelly Ryan P. , Lodge David M. , Lee Kai N. , Theroux Susanna , Sepulveda Adam J. , Scholin Christopher A. , Craine Joseph M. , Andruszkiewicz Allan Elizabeth , Nichols Krista M. , Parsons Kim M. , Goodwin Kelly D. , Gold Zachary , Chavez Francisco P. , Noble Rachel T. , Abbott Cathryn L. , Baerwald Melinda R. , Naaum Amanda M. , Thielen Peter M. , Simons Ariel Levi , Jerde Christopher L. , Duda Jeffrey J. , Hunter Margaret E. , Hagan John A. , Meyer Rachel Sarah , Steele Joshua A. , Stoeckle Mark Y. , Bik Holly M. , Meyer Christopher P. , Stein Eric , James Karen E. , Thomas Austen C. , Demir‐Hilton Elif , Timmers Molly A. , Griffith John F. , Weise Michael J. , Weisberg Stephen B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) data make it possible to measure and monitor biodiversity at unprecedented resolution and scale. As use‐cases multiply and scientific consensus grows regarding the value of eDNA analysis, public agencies have an opportunity to decide how and where eDNA data fit into their mandates. Within the United States, many federal and state agencies are individually using eDNA data in various applications and developing relevant scientific expertise. A national strategy for eDNA implementation would capitalize on recent scientific developments, providing a common set of next‐generation tools for natural resource management and public health protection. Such a strategy would avoid patchwork and possibly inconsistent guidelines in different agencies, smoothing the way for efficient uptake of eDNA data in management. Because eDNA analysis is already in widespread use in both ocean and freshwater settings, we focus here on applications in these environments. However, we foresee the broad adoption of eDNA analysis to meet many resource management issues across the nation because the same tools have immediate terrestrial and aerial applications.
n‐Heptane reforming over Pt/Zr‐HMS catalysts for modeling and optimization of RON and operating conditions via response surface methodology
Authors: Parsafard N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResponse surface methodology (RSM) is an expert method for demonstration of effective input factors and responses. In this study, RSM was used with the purpose of increasing the octane number of the primary feed (n‐heptane) in n‐heptane reforming reaction over Pt/Zr‐HMS catalysts. Based on the results of analysis of variance, the correlation coefficient values upper 0.9 were obtained for all responses. However, the results of n‐heptane conversion and selectivity to isomers as two responses were fit to Quadratic model and Research Octane Number was fit to Cubic model. Furthermore, the maximum n‐heptane conversion of 98.8 was obtained at T = 500°C, TOS = 3.5 h, and Si/Zr = 5. Also, at the optimal conditions of (T = 200°C, TOS = 3.5 h, and Si/Zr = 35) and (T = 500°C, TOS = 1 h, and Si/Zr = 20), the maximum isomers selectivity of 54.2 and RON of 100.0 was obtained, respectively.
Integrating theory and research on structural racism and social justice into evaluator preparation
Authors: Villalobos Jennifer , Bledsoe Katrina L. , Donaldson Stewart I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the relevance and role of structural racism and equity, critical race theory, and social justice perspectives in evaluation. We also suggest opportunities for formally educating the next generation of evaluators about ways to identify and address these topics in practice. One of the ways our field can remediate a long history of relegating the importance of these topics is by revamping evaluator training with expanded pedagogy that includes self‐reflection about positionality, and experiential activities aimed at cultivating evaluators who are better equipped to address pressing justice, disparity, and social and public health issues in contemporary global evaluation practice.
Teaching specification of evaluative criteria: A guide for evaluation education
Authors: Teasdale Rebecca M. , Pitts Robyn Thomas , Gates Emily F. , Shim Clara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEvaluative criteria describe the attributes that define a high‐quality intervention and represent values about which intervention characteristics or results are desirable. There are many types of criteria, including those focused on intervention outcomes or impact, design and implementation, and relevance. Criteria may remain implicit and assumed in evaluation practice, yet they nonetheless direct evaluative inquiry and provide the value basis for evaluative conclusions. It is therefore important for novice evaluators to understand why criteria matter and how to thoughtfully consider which and whose criteria to use. We introduce an approach for teaching criteria specification to guide novice evaluators in considering, selecting, and articulating criteria. We introduce key concepts, outline an instructional approach, and provide a downloadable teaching activity for graduate students, undergraduates, and working professionals.
Gain a better understanding of the true entity of Arabis rimarum Rech. f., a misapplied plant under the name Draba aucheri Boiss. (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Khosravi Ahmad Reza , Eslami‐Farouji Atena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArabis rimarum (Arabideae, Brassicaceae) was published by Rechinger and was previously considered by Jordon‐Thaden and her colleagues to be a synonym for Draba aucheri. According to our data, despite sequence affinities, Arabis rimarum and Draba aucheri are two well‐differentiated taxa regarding micromorphological and macromorphological data. Thus, as discussed below, Draba rimarum (Rech. f.) A.R. Khosravi & A. Eslami‐Farouji comb. nova represents a taxonomically justified combination. Illustrations along with notes on the distribution, delimitation, and detailed description of D. aucheri, D. pulchella, and D. rimarum are provided. Likewise, D. linearis and D. linearis var. macrocarpa are reduced to the synonymy of D. siliquosa and D. rimarum, respectively.
Metabolomics: A suitable foodomics approach to the geographical origin traceability of Ethiopian Arabica specialty coffees
Authors: Markos Makiso Urugo , Tola Yetenayet , Kebede Biniam T. , Ogah Onwuchekwa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoffee arabica, originated in Ethiopia, is considered a quality bean for its high sensory qualities, and has a special price in the world coffee market. The country is a pool of genetic diversity for Arabica coffee, and coffee from different regions has a distinct flavor profile. Their exceptional quality is attributed to their genetic diversity, favorable environmental conditions, and agroforestry‐based production system. However, the country still needs to benefit from its single‐origin product due to a lack of appropriate traceability information to register for its geographical indication. Certification of certain plants or plant‐derived products emerged to inform consumers about their exceptional qualities due to their geographical origin and protect the product from fraud. The recently emerging foodomics approaches, namely proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, are reported as suitable means of regional agri‐food product authentication and traceability. Particularly, the metabolomics approach provides truthful information on product traceability. Despite efforts by some researchers to trace the geographical origin of Ethiopian Arabica coffees through stable isotope and phenolic compound profiling and elemental analysis, foodomics approaches are not used to trace the geographical origin of Arabica specialty coffees from various parts of the country. A metabolomics‐based traceability system that demonstrates the connection between the exceptional attributes of Ethiopian Arabica specialty coffees and their geographic origin is recommended to maximize the benefit of single‐origin coffees.
Activity‐regulated gene expression across cell types of the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Nelson Erik D. , Maynard Kristen R. , Nicholas Kyndall R. , Tran Matthew N. , Divecha Heena R. , Collado‐Torres Leonardo , Hicks Stephanie C. , Martinowich Keri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractActivity‐regulated gene (ARG) expression patterns in the hippocampus (HPC) regulate synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, and are linked to both risk and treatment responses for many neuropsychiatric disorders. The HPC contains discrete classes of neurons with specialized functions, but cell type‐specific activity‐regulated transcriptional programs are not well characterized. Here, we used single‐nucleus RNA‐sequencing (snRNA‐seq) in a mouse model of acute electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) to identify cell type‐specific molecular signatures associated with induced activity in HPC neurons. We used unsupervised clustering and a priori marker genes to computationally annotate 15,990 high‐quality HPC neuronal nuclei from N = 4 mice across all major HPC subregions and neuron types. Activity‐induced transcriptomic responses were divergent across neuron populations, with dentate granule cells being particularly responsive to activity. Differential expression analysis identified both upregulated and downregulated cell type‐specific gene sets in neurons following ECS. Within these gene sets, we identified enrichment of pathways associated with varying biological processes such as synapse organization, cellular signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Finally, we used matrix factorization to reveal continuous gene expression patterns differentially associated with cell type, ECS, and biological processes. This work provides a rich resource for interrogating activity‐regulated transcriptional responses in HPC neurons at single‐nuclei resolution in the context of ECS, which can provide biological insight into the roles of defined neuronal subtypes in HPC function.
Rainbow independent sets in certain classes of graphs
Authors: Aharoni Ron , Briggs Joseph , Kim Jinha , Kim Minki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRainbow matchings in graphs and in hypergraphs have been studied extensively, one motivation coming from questions on matchings in 3‐partite hypergraphs, including questions on transversals in Latin squares. Matchings in graphs are independent sets in line graphs, so a natural problem is to extend the study to rainbow independent sets in general graphs. We study problems of the following form: given a class of graphs, how many independent sets of size in a graph belonging to are needed to guarantee the existence of a rainbow set of size ? A particularly interesting case is the class of graphs having a given upper bound on their maximum degree.
Performance improvement, telemedicine, patient engagement, and comparative no‐show rates
Authors: Narwal‐Kasmani Rawan , Vaughan Tamara J. , Ulrich Charla A. , Stausmire Julie M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNo‐show patient visits should be considered risk events. No‐shows impact the quality and continuity of patient care. Missed visits increase health care risks by deferred or missed diagnosis and treatment, and increases costs of care. This performance improvement project proactively implemented a telemedicine system of care during a public health emergency (PHE). The goal was to improve health care access and decrease health care disparities despite emergency management changes in organizational staffing and federal stay‐at‐home orders. Telemedicine visits also addressed known causes of historically high in‐person no‐show office rates—lack of transportation, childcare issues, mobility issues, and adverse weather conditions. Despite location in a Hospital Census Tract where 50% of our population is below the Federal Poverty Level, with less access to technology, telemedicine proved to be successful. The Revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE 2.0) guidelines were the planning framework. The Model for Healthcare Improvement including Part 1 (AIM) and Part 2 (Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act) was used to develop interventions, outcomes, and rationale for use. Data was collected from January 2020 thru March 2022, with 22,831 total scheduled visits (15,837 in‐person, 6994 telemedicine). The average monthly no‐show rate for in‐person visits was 35% compared to 9% for telemedicine visits.
Physiological responses to pH in the freshwater microalgaLimnomonas gaiensis
Authors: Tesson Sylvie V. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ecological niche of the recently described limnic microalgaLimnomonas gaiensis(Chlamydomonadales) in Northern Europe remains unknown. To decipher the species tolerance capacity to pH, the effects of hydrogen ions on the physiological response ofL. gaiensiswere investigated. Results showed thatL. gaiensiscould tolerate exposure from pH 3 up to pH 11, with an optimal survival at pH 5–8. Its physiological response to pH was strain specific. Globally the southernmost strain was more alkaliphilic, had a slightly rounder shape, a slowest growth rate, and a lowest carrying capacity. Despite strain discrepancies among lakes, Swedish strains exhibited similar growth rates, faster at more acidic conditions. The extreme pH conditions affected its morphological features such as the eye spot and papilla shape, especially at acidic pH, and the cell wall integrity, at more alkaline pH. The wide range tolerance ofL. gaiensisto pH would not be a hindrance to its dispersal in Swedish lakes (pH 4–8). Notably, the storage of high‐energetic reserves over a wide range of pH conditions, as numerous starch grains and oil droplets, makesL. gaiensisa good candidate for bioethanol/fuel industrial production and a key resource to sustain aquatic food chain and microbial loop.
Characterization of structural and functional properties of soy protein isolate and sodium alginate interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Can , Bian Xin , Ren Li‐kun , Ma Chun‐min , Xu Yue , Su Dan , Ai Lian‐zhong , Song Ming‐feng , Zhang Na 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study used enzymatic and Ca2+ cross‐linking methods to prepare edible soy protein isolate (SPI) and sodium alginate (SA) interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels to overcome the disadvantages of traditional interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels, such as poor performance, high toxicity, and inedibility. The influence of changes in SPI and SA mass ratio on the performance of SPI‐SA IPN hydrogels was investigated.RESULTSFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structure of the hydrogels. Texture profile analysis (TPA), rheological properties, swelling rate, and Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) were used to evaluate physical and chemical properties and safety. The results showed that, compared with SPI hydrogel, IPN hydrogels had better gel properties and structural stability. As the mass ratio of SPI‐SA IPN changed from 1:0.2 to 1:1, the gel network structure of hydrogels also tended to be dense and uniform. The water retention and mechanical properties of these hydrogels, such as storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), and gel hardness increased significantly and were greater than those of the SPI hydrogel. Cytotoxicity tests were also performed. The biocompatibility of these hydrogels was good.CONCLUSIONSThis study proposes a new method to prepare food‐grade IPN hydrogels with mechanical properties of SPI and SA, which may have strong potential for the development of new foods. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Room temperature rate coefficients for the reaction of chlorine atoms with a series of volatile methylsiloxanes (L2‐L5, D3‐D6)
Authors: Sarachandra Kumar Geetha Anjitha , Mikoviny Tomas , Piel Felix , Wisthaler Armin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe kinetics of chlorine (Cl) atom reactions with a series of volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) including hexamethyldisiloxane (L2), octamethyltrisiloxane (L3), decamethyltetrasiloxane (L4), dodecamethylpentasiloxane (L5), hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) were investigated in relative rate experiments at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The experiments were carried out in a 0.2 m3 PFA Teflon chamber, employing proton‐transfer‐reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (PTR‐ToF‐MS) as the chemical‐analytical tool. The following relative and absolute reaction rate coefficients were obtained using isoprene as reference compound (kVMS/kisoprene; kVMS × 1010 cm3 molec−1 s −1): L2 (0.32 ± 0.02; 1.31 ± 0.21), L3 (0.38 ± 0.00; 1.56 ± 0.23), L4 (0.48 ± 0.01; 1.98 ± 0.29), L5 (0.54 ± 0.03; 2.22 ± 0.34), D3 (0.14 ± 0.02; 0.56 ± 0.13), D4 (0.26 ± 0.01; 1.05 ± 0.16), D5 (0.36 ± 0.02; 1.46 ± 0.22), D6 (0.39 ± 0.02; 1.61 ± 0.25). The following relative and absolute reaction rate coefficients were obtained using toluene as reference compound (kVMS/ktoluene; kVMS × 1010 cm3 molec−1 s −1): L2 (1.59 ± 0.18; 0.95 ± 0.14), L3 (2.25 ± 0.14; 1.35 ± 0.16), L4 (2.38 ± 0.01; 1.43 ± 0.14), L5 (3.57 ± 0.11; 2.14 ± 0.22), D3 (0.87 ± 0.01; 0.52 ± 0.05), D4 (1.48 ± 0.12; 0.89 ± 0.11), D5 (2.02 ± 0.15; 1.21 ± 0.15), D6 (2.54 ± 0.11; 1.52 ± 0.17). Our data confirm that reactions with Cl atoms need to be taken into account when assessing the decomposition of VMS in Cl‐rich tropospheric environments.
A multi‐industry and cross‐country comparison of technology contribution to formal and informal knowledge sharing processes for innovativeness
Authors: Kucharska Wioleta , Erickson G. Scott 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study explores the impact of organizational information technology (IT) competency on knowledge sharing, both explicit and tacit, in the context of innovativeness of products and processes. Knowledge sharing is then assessed in terms of tacit‐to‐explicit conversion and the impact of both types of knowledge on organizational innovation. Both process (internal) and product/service (external) innovation are included. As an extension, this IT competency to innovation framework is evaluated in context, both by nation (Poland and the United States) and by industry (IT, construction, and healthcare). The results obtained through the structural equation modeling method (sample size 2168 cases in total) exposed that IT competency dimensions matter for formal and informal knowledge‐sharing processes and vary across countries and industries. For instance, in the US IT industry, IT‐infrastructure, IT‐knowledge, and IT‐operations dimensions equally support explicit (formal) and tacit (informal) knowledge sharing. On the contrary, for the same industry in Poland, all dimensions support explicit knowledge sharing but regarding tacit knowledge sharing, only IT‐knowledge supports it. Summing up the general findings, this study exposes that for tacit knowledge sharing, the critical IT‐competency dimension is IT‐knowledge, whereas for explicit‐ IT operations. Next, it clarifies that tacit knowledge sharing supports the explicit, and both are needed to introduce external innovations thanks to their significant impact on internal processes improvement.
The dynamics of deglutition during head rotation using dynamic 320‐row area detector computed tomography
Authors: Kochi Kazutaka , Sei Hirofumi , Tanabe Yuki , Yasuda Kazunori , Kido Teruhito , Yamada Hiroyuki , Taguchi Aki , Hato Naohito 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to elucidate the dynamics of deglutition during head rotation by acquiring 320‐row area detector computed tomography (320‐ADCT) images and analyzing deglutition during head rotation.MethodsThis study included 11 patients experiencing globus pharyngeus. A 320‐ADCT was used to acquire images in two types of viscosity (thin and thick), with the head rotated to the left. We measured the movement time of deglutition‐related organs (soft palate, epiglottis, upper esophageal sphincter [UES], and true vocal cords) and pharyngeal volume (bolus ratio at the start of UES opening [Bolus ratio], pharyngeal volume contraction ratio [PVCR], and pharyngeal volume before swallowing [PVBS]). A two‐way analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis, and all items were compared for significant differences in terms of head rotation and viscosity. EZR was used for all statistical analyses (p‐value <.05).ResultsHead rotation significantly accelerated the onset of epiglottis inversion and UES opening compared with no head rotation. The duration of epiglottis inversion with the thin viscosity fluid was significantly longer. The bolus ratio increased significantly with thick viscosity. There was no significant difference in viscosity and head rotation in terms of PVCR. PVBS increased significantly with head rotation.ConclusionThe significantly earlier start of epiglottis inversion and UES opening due to head rotation could be caused by: (1) swallowing center; (2) pharyngeal volume; and (3) pharyngeal contraction force. Thus, we plan to further analyze swallowing with head rotation by combining swallowing CT with manometry and examine its relationship with pharyngeal contraction force.Level of Evidence3b