bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Stress, Induced by IFNγ  + Aβ, and Chronic Stress, Induced by Age, Affect Microglia in a Sex-Specific Manner
Authors: Mela Virginia , Gaban Aline Sayd , Shatz Paul Marie , Guillot-Sestier Marie-Victoire , Lynch Marina A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicroglial phenotype changes in the aged brain, and also in neurodegenerative diseases, and it is generally accepted that these changes at least contribute to the inflammation that can have detrimental effects on brain health. Accumulating data have determined that there are multiple microglial activation states with consistent findings indicating that with stressors including age, a switch towards an inflammatory phenotype occurs. Among the changes that accompany this is a change in metabolism, whereby glycolysis is increased in microglia. Here, we asked whether sex impacted on the response of microglia to two stressors, interferon-γ + amyloid-β (IFNγ  + Aβ) and age. The data show that IFNγ  + Aβ triggered cells from female mice to adopt a glycolytic phenotype. Metabolism was also altered with age; microglia from aged male mice responded by increasing oxidative phosphorylation, and microglial motility was preserved, contrasting with microglia from female mice where motility was compromised. We conclude that sex is a significant variable in the responses of microglia to stressors.
Plight or light? Elucidating the main and interacting effects of parenting styles and BIS/BAS profiles on left-behind youth’s self-esteem
Authors: Lan Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractToday, many labor-aged adults worldwide work and live for a prolonged period outside of their places of origin in locations where the laborers’ school-aged children cannot migrate with their parents, creating a group known as left-behind youth. Empirical studies regarding the impact of parental migration (left-behind versus non-left-behind) on positive youth development, such as self-esteem, remain scarce, and the collective findings are divergent and controversial. Accordingly, the relational and individual correlates of self-esteem among those youth are largely underexplored. Two independent studies were conducted to fill these crucial knowledge gaps. In Study 1 (N = 738; Mage = 15.86; 54.6% girls), I compared the self-esteem of left-behind youth and their non-left-behind peers after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates and social desirability. In Study 2 (N = 1060; Mage = 13.05; 49.5% girls), I aimed to replicate the findings obtained from Study 1 but used a different measurement and another independent sample. Additionally, I extended Study 1 to investigate the main and interactive relationships between parenting styles (parental warmth and control) and the behavioral inhibition/activation system profiles with self-esteem. To clarify the commonality and specificity of these relationships, I also estimated the moderating role of left-behind status herein. Converging findings across both studies challenged the widely vulnerable image of left-behind youth and revealed that this group did not show significant differences in terms of self-esteem, as compared to non-left-behind peers. Interaction analyses also suggested that shy left-behind youth weaken the extent to which their self-esteem is detrimentally affected by low parental warmth/high parental control.
Shannon-Taylor technique for solving one-dimensional inverse heat conduction problem
Authors: Annaby M. H. , Al-Abdi I. A. , Ghaleb A. F. , Abou-Dina M. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Shannon-Taylor interpolation technique was introduced by Butzer and Engels in 1983. In this work, the sinc-function is replaced by a Taylor approximation polynomial. In this work, we implement the Shannon-Taylor approximations to solve a one-dimensional heat conduction problem. One of the major advantages of this approach is that the resulting linear system of equations of the approximation procedure has an explicit coefficient matrix. This is not the case of the classical sinc methods due to finite integrals involving $$e^{-x^2}$$

e

-

x
2

. We establish rigorous error estimates involving an additional Taylor’s series tail. Numerical illustrations are depicted.
Evidence for an early green/red photocycle that precedes the diversification of GAF domain photoreceptor cyanobacteriochromes
Authors: Priyadarshini Nibedita , Steube Niklas , Wiens Dennis , Narikawa Rei , Wilde Annegret , Hochberg Georg K. A. , Enomoto Gen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhytochromes are linear tetrapyrrole-binding photoreceptors in eukaryotes and bacteria, primarily responding to red and far-red light signals reversibly. Among the GAF domain-based phytochrome superfamily, cyanobacteria-specific cyanobacteriochromes show various optical properties covering the entire visible region. It is unknown what physiological demands drove the evolution of cyanobacteriochromes in cyanobacteria. Here, we utilize ancestral sequence reconstruction and biochemical verification to show that the resurrected ancestral cyanobacteriochrome proteins reversibly respond to green and red light signals. pH titration analyses indicate that the deprotonation of the bound phycocyanobilin chromophore is crucial to perceive green light. The ancestral cyanobacteriochromes show only modest thermal reversion to the green light-absorbing form, suggesting that they evolved to sense the incident green/red light ratio. Many cyanobacteria can utilize green light for photosynthesis using phycobilisome light-harvesting complexes. The green/red sensing cyanobacteriochromes may have allowed better acclimation to changing light environments by rearranging the absorption capacity of the phycobilisome through chromatic acclimation.
Graphical abstract
In silico anti-quorum sensing activities of phytocompounds of Psidium guajava in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Olaniyi Temitope Deborah , Adetutu Adewale 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiofilm contributes hugely to the persistence of typhoid fever in human population and quorum sensing (QS) is an integral mechanism involved in biofilms. Interruption of the QS network has therefore been put forward as one of the important anti-virulence strategies. Methanol extract of Psidium guajava leaves has been confirmed to possess antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities against Salmonella Typhi. This study therefore aimed at investigating the interactions of phytocompounds previously identified in the extract with selected QS proteins of S. Typhi in silico. Appropriate formats of compounds were retrieved and translated using online web servers. Quantitative estimate of drug-likeness, as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profiles of the compounds, were assessed on ADMETlab 2.0. Three-dimensional structures of two QS proteins of S. Typhi were obtained from Protein Data Bank while others were modelled on SWISS-MODEL. Selected compounds (ligands) were docked with the four proteins via AutoDock 1.5.6 and analyzed on Discovery studio. Eight, out of the seventy-two, phyto-compounds of methanol extract of P. guajava possess desirable drug-likeness (QED > 0.67). Three of them have toxic characteristics and thus, were removed from further consideration. Molecular docking revealed that, of the 5 ligands docked against the proteins, only Benzeneethanamine, 4-methoxy- and Cyclopentadecanone, 2-hydroxy- had affinities for the proteins of interest. The affinity of Cyclopenftadecanone,2-hydroxy- for each of the proteins is higher than that of Benzeneethanamine,4-methoxy- with hydrogen bonds contributing significantly to the interactions. Benzeneethanamine, 4-methoxy- and Cyclopentadecanone,2-hydroxy- from Psidium guajava leaves possess inhibitory properties against QS proteins of S. Typhi.
RNA Methylome Reveals the m6A-Mediated Regulation of Flavor Metabolites in Tea Leaves under Solar-Withering
Authors: Zhu Chen , Zhang Shuting , Zhou Chengzhe , Tian Caiyun , Shi Biying , Xu Kai , Huang Linjie , Sun Yun , Lin Yuling , Lai Zhongxiong , Guo Yuqiong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The epitranscriptomic mark N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is the predominant internal modification in RNA, is important for plant responses to diverse stresses. Multiple environmental stresses caused by the tea-withering process can greatly influence the accumulation of specialized metabolites and the formation of tea flavor. However, the effects of the m6A-mediated regulatory mechanism on flavor-related metabolic pathways in tea leaves remain relatively uncharacterized. We performed an integrated RNA methylome and transcriptome analysis to explore the m6A-mediated regulatory mechanism and its effects on flavonoid and terpenoid metabolism in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves under solar-withering conditions. Dynamic changes in global m6A level in tea leaves were mainly controlled by two m6A erasers (CsALKBH4A and CsALKBH4B) during solar-withering treatments. Differentially methylated peak-associated genes following solar-withering treatments with different shading rates were assigned to terpenoid biosynthesis and spliceosome pathways. Further analyses indicated that CsALKBH4-driven RNA demethylation can directly affect the accumulation of volatile terpenoids by mediating the stability and abundance of terpenoid biosynthesis-related transcripts and also indirectly influence the flavonoid, catechin, and theaflavin contents by triggering alternative splicing-mediated regulation. Our findings revealed a novel layer of epitranscriptomic gene regulation in tea flavor-related metabolic pathways and established a link between the m6A-mediated regulatory mechanism and the formation of tea flavor under solar-withering conditions.
Conversations with GC Harcourt on Social Justice in the Face of Economic and Ecological Uncertainty
Authors: Harcourt Wendy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, I share insights from the conversations I have enjoyed with my father GC Harcourt on gender, social justice, and economic policy in the last years of his long and fruitful life. Our conversations reflected our overlapping but at times divergent responses to the disruptions caused by environmental, climate, health, economic, and political crises. The article reflects on our conversations around population, alternatives, the pervasiveness of racism in Australia, and the recurring questions of how to bring about change and how to continue despite political disappointments. The article teases out in a gentle way how my perspective, as a feminist political ecologist, diverged from GC Harcourt’s views, and what our conversations together suggest as important challenges to overcome as we confront the current crises of modern capitalism.
Housing and Inequality in Australia
Authors: Morris Alan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn Australia and many other advanced economies, housing is playing a central role in accentuating and perpetuating inequality. This paper, drawing on primary and secondary data, discusses the various ways in which housing tenure in Australia contributes to wealth and income inequality. It argues that a neoliberal housing policy framework and accompanying financialisation of housing have facilitated a dramatic increase in house prices, the neglect of social housing, and a deepening wealth and income divide based on housing tenure. With respect to wealth, the key divide is between outright homeowners versus low-income private renters and low-income households in mortgage stress. The wealth of outright homeowners has grown substantially in recent decades and many have been able to acquire a holiday home and/or investment properties, thereby intensifying the wealth divide. Approximately a third of Australian households are now locked out of home ownership for an extended period or even lifelong. Housing tenure status also has an impact on the disposable income of households. For example, low-income outright homeowners are invariably in a far better position with respect to disposable income than their counterparts who have large mortgages or are private renters.
The COVID-19 pandemic and polarisation of income distribution in South Africa
Authors: Oyenubi Adeola 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA number of reports have shown that workers with certain characteristics are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since these characteristics are associated with vulnerable workers, we hypothesise that the income distribution in the pandemic era will be polarised compared to the pre-pandemic period. This article compares the pre-COVID income distribution (February 2020) with the one that prevailed just after the hard lockdown (April 2020). Consistent with the hypothesis, the result shows evidence of polarisation. Disaggregating the analysis by worker characteristics, we find that the polarisation was stronger in vulnerable groups. Our decomposition result suggests that, apart from job losses, returns to gender and job characteristics explain the location and shape differences in the COVID-19 era income distribution. Although this analysis only looks at the short-term effect of the pandemic on income distribution, the result suggests that the structure of labour markets in developing countries is not conducive to a future of work where disruptions (or pandemics) may become more frequent.
Optimization and control of synchrotron emission in ultraintense laser–solid interactions using machine learning
Authors: Goodman J. , King M. , Dolier E. J. , Wilson R. , Gray R. J. , McKenna P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The optimum parameters for the generation of synchrotron radiation in ultraintense laser pulse interactions with planar foils are investigated with the application of Bayesian optimization, via Gaussian process regression, to 2D particle-in-cell simulations. Individual properties of the synchrotron emission, such as the yield, are maximized, and simultaneous mitigation of bremsstrahlung emission is achieved with multi-variate objective functions. The angle-of-incidence of the laser pulse onto the target is shown to strongly influence the synchrotron yield and angular profile, with oblique incidence producing the optimal results. This is further explored in 3D simulations, in which additional control of the spatial profile of synchrotron emission is demonstrated by varying the polarization of the laser light. The results demonstrate the utility of applying a machine learning-based optimization approach and provide new insights into the physics of radiation generation in laser–foil interactions, which will inform the design of experiments in the quantum electrodynamics (QED)-plasma regime.
The high-Reynolds-number stratified wake of a slender body and its comparison with a bluff-body wake
Authors: Ortiz-Tarin Jose L. , Nidhan Sheel , Sarkar Sutanu 
Published: February 2023

The high-Reynolds-number stratified wake of a slender body is studied using a high-resolution hybrid simulation. The wake generator is a 6 : 1 prolate spheroid with a tripped boundary layer, the diameter-based body Reynolds number is

${Re}= U_\infty D/\nu = 10^5$

, and the body Froude numbers are

${Fr}=U_\infty /ND=\{2,10,\infty \}$

. The wake defect velocity decays following three stages with different wake decay rates (Spedding, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 337, 1997, pp. 283–301) as for a bluff body. However, the transition points among stages do not follow the expected

$Nt = Nx/U_\infty$

values. Comparison with the wake of a circular disk in similar conditions (Chongsiripinyo & Sarkar, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 885, 2020) quantifies the influence of the wake generator – bluff versus slender – in stratified flow. The strongly stratified

${Fr}=2$

wake is in a resonant state. The steady lee waves strongly modulate the mean flow, and relative to the disk, the 6 : 1 spheroid (a high-aspect-ratio shape) wake at

${Fr}=2$

shows an earlier transition from the non-equilibrium (NEQ) stage to the quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) stage. The NEQ–Q2D transition is followed by a sharp increase in the turbulent kinetic energy and horizontal wake meanders. At

${Fr}=10$

, the start of the NEQ stage is delayed for the spheroid. Transfers between kinetic energy and potential energy reservoirs (both mean and turbulence) are analysed, and the flows are compared in phase space (with local Froude and Reynolds numbers as coordinates). Overall, the results of this study point to the difficulty of finding a universal framework for stratified wake evolution, independent of the features of the body, and provide insights into how buoyancy effects depend on the wake generator.
Very long baseline interferometry observations of the high-redshift blazar candidate J0141–5427
Authors: Gabányi K. É. , Belladitta S. , Frey S. , Orosz G. , Gurvits L. I. , Rozgonyi K. , An T. , Cao H. , Paragi Z. , Perger K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractActive galactic nuclei (AGN) have been observed as far as redshift$z \sim 7$. They are crucial in investigating the early Universe as well as the growth of supermassive black holes at their centres. Radio-loud AGN with their jets seen at a small viewing angle are called blazars and show relativistic boosting of their emission. Thus, their apparently brighter jets are easier to detect in the high-redshift Universe. DES J014132.4–542749.9 is a radio-luminous but X-ray weak blazar candidate at$z = 5$. We conducted high-resolution radio interferometric observations of this source with the Australian Long Baseline Array at$1.7$and$8.5$GHz. A single, compact radio-emitting feature was detected at both frequencies with a flat radio spectrum. We derived the milliarcsecond-level accurate position of the object. The frequency dependence of its brightness temperature is similar to that of blazar sources observed at lower redshifts. Based on our observations, we can confirm its blazar nature. We compared its radio properties with those of two other similarly X-ray-weak and radio-bright AGN, and found that they show very different relativistic boosting characteristics.
An improved method for parameter selection in finite element model updating
Authors: Ratcliffe M. J. , Lieven N. A. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConventional wisdom states that coordinate complete experimental response data are required to effect a successful model update. This paper examines the influence measured rotational degrees of freedom have on the behaviour of the frequency response function (FRF) sensitivity updating procedure. Three finite element (FE) model-based case studies are undertaken which suggest that very little improvement is afforded by the inclusion of measured rotations in the updating process.Error-location strategies in the past have yielded little qualitative information about the optimum selection of updating parameters in the model updating procedure. Two further cases are investigated; these suggest that no amount of coordinate completeness will rectify the debilitating effects of an inadequate p-value choice. A method of selecting the number and location of updating parameters — based on the FRF sensitivity method — is presented. This method is shown to yield promising results.
Stability analysis for inverse simulation of aircraft
Authors: Yip K. M. , Leng G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe integration inverse method has been extensively investigated in the past decade; however, none of the researches fully addresses the stability analysis of the method that is crucial to successful implementation. This paper presents a stability test to analyse the global stability of the integration inverse method for linear time-invariant systems. A stable solution may be obtained from careful selection of the discretisation interval using the proposed stability test. A discrete model is derived to approximate the Newton's scheme in the inverse method. With this approximate model, the stability of the inverse method can be examined. The stability test is exact for linear systems and can be extended to the inverse method for non-linear aircraft simulations by considering an equivalent linear model for each point of the flight envelopes. Guidelines for selection of appropriate reference points in the inverse simulation are given.
Experimental investigation of a loaded rotor blade's interaction with a single vortex
Authors: Masson C. A. , Green R. B. , Galbraith R. A. McD. , Coton F. N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPresented in this paper are the preliminary results from a blade-vortex interaction (BVI) test series conducted in the University of Glasgow's 1·61m x 2·13m closed-return, low-speed windtunnel, in which a single vortex interaction with a rigid, loaded rotor blade was studied. This work is an extension of that by Horner and Galbraith, which describes the flow phenomena present during single vortex interaction with an unloaded blade. The paper presents blade surface pressure data recorded by 72 pressure transducers located in the outer regions of the blade during these interactions. Integrated Cn and Cm1/4 data are also presented to provide a detailed history of a BVI event. In addition, a method of isolating the bound circulation and vortex induced effects is presented, from which it is concluded that for a BVI event the vortex-induced effects are (to a first approximation) independent of rotor pitch setting.
Effect of cut-outs on underexpanded rectangular jets
Authors: Elangovan S. , Rathakrishnan E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe flowfield characteristics of jets from plain and rectangular orifices with semi-circular cut-outs have been experimentally investigated for both sonic and underexpanded conditions. Detailed pitot pressure measurements revealed that the cut-outs had a strong influence on the emerging flowfield. The rectangular orifice with cut-outs at the minor axis ends showed more effective mixing with shorter core lengths and faster near field jet decay when compared with the plain rectangular and the rectangular orifice with cut-outs at the major axis ends. The general trend of variation of shock cell length with fully expanded Mach number was consistent with Tam's theory, but the shock cell length of orifice jets were less than that predicted by Tam.
Identification of non-linear derivative models from Bo 105 flight test data
Authors: Rohlfs M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the results of a study focusing on the possibility of identifying nonlinear helicopter models in the time domain. In recent years, identification techniques working mainly in the frequency domain were applied to estimate the parameters in helicopter models. Recently, the time domain identification method of the DLR was improved to allow the identification of fully nonlinear models. To investigate the applicability of this method to helicopters, a nonlinear derivative model with explicit equations for the individual blade flapping angles was formulated. In comparison to the linear derivative models nonlinear models are physically more realistic and are not restricted by small perturbation assumptions. Although a large number of unknowns had to be determined, a nonlinear model was successfully identified.