bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First estimate of the local value of the baryonic streaming velocity
Authors: Uysal Betül , Hartwig Tilman 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Several studies have shown the influence of the relative streaming velocity (SV) between baryons and dark matter on the formation of structures. For the first time, we constrain the local value of the SV in which the Milky Way was formed. We use the semi-analytical model a-sloth to simulate the formation of Milky Way-like galaxies. The high resolution in mass and time of the dark matter merger trees from the Caterpillar simulation enables us to accurately model star formation in the smallest progenitor haloes at high redshift. The efficient semi-analytical nature of a-sloth allows us to run many simulations with various values of the local SV. Our investigation on the influence of the SV shows that it delays star formation at high redshift. However, at redshift z = 0, the SV has no effect on the total stellar mass in the Milky Way nor its Satellites. We find that extremely metal-poor and ultra metal-poor stars are affected by the SV and can hence be used to constrain its local value. The local optimal value of the SV is $v_\mathrm{SV} =1.75^{+0.13} _{-0.28}\, \sigma _\mathrm{SV}$, which is based on four independent observables. We further find that the SV decreases the number of luminous Milky Way satellites, but this decrease is not enough to solve the missing satellite problem.
Motivic Trees, Network Analysis, and Bartók’sEight Improvisations on Hungarian Folk Songs, No. 5
Authors: Bennett James N 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article describes a method for using graph-theoretical trees to model relations between musical motives, turning primarily to Dora Hanninen’s notion of associative lineages, as well as to certain approaches from the field of phylogenetics. Since the fifth of Béla Bartók’s Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Folk Songs (1920) presents a piece-spanning process that, while unidirectional, is also continuously branching, it forms the sole musical example. In addition, the article also examines philosophical dimensions by situating these analytical considerations within Deleuze and Guattari’s tree/rhizome distinction and the more general opposition between the discrete and the continuous.
Versatile strategy using vaccinia virus-capping enzyme to synthesize functional 5′ cap-modified mRNAs
Authors: Ohno Hirohisa , Akamine Sae , Mochizuki Megumi , Hayashi Karin , Akichika Shinichiro , Suzuki Tsutomu , Saito Hirohide 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The potential of synthetic mRNA as a genetic carrier has increased its application in scientific fields. Because the 5′ cap regulates the stability and translational activity of mRNAs, there are concerted efforts to search for and synthesize chemically-modified 5′ caps that improve the functionality of mRNA. Here, we report an easy and efficient method to synthesize functional mRNAs by modifying multiple 5′ cap analogs using a vaccinia virus-capping enzyme. We show that this enzyme can introduce a variety of GTP analogs to the 5′ end of RNA to generate 5′ cap-modified mRNAs that exhibit different translation levels. Notably, some of these modified mRNAs improve translation efficiency and can be conjugated to chemical structures, further increasing their functionality. Our versatile method to generate 5′ cap-modified mRNAs will provide useful tools for RNA therapeutics and biological research.
The function of lactate dehydrogenase A in retinal neurons: implications to retinal degenerative diseases
Authors: Rajala Ammaji , Bhat Mohd A , Teel Kenneth , Gopinadhan Nair Gopa Kumar , Purcell Lindsey , Rajala Raju V S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The postmitotic retina is highly metabolic and the photoreceptors depend on aerobic glycolysis for an energy source and cellular anabolic activities. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is a key enzyme in aerobic glycolysis, which converts pyruvate to lactate. Here we show that cell-type-specific actively translating mRNA purification by translating ribosome affinity purification shows a predominant expression of LDHA in rods and cones and LDHB in the retinal pigment epithelium and Müller cells. We show that genetic ablation of LDHA in the retina resulted in diminished visual function, loss of structure, and a loss of dorsal–ventral patterning of the cone-opsin gradient. Loss of LDHA in the retina resulted in increased glucose availability, promoted oxidative phosphorylation, and upregulated the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS), a neuron survival factor. However, lacking LDHA in Müller cells does not affect visual function in mice. Glucose shortage is associated with retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and regulating the levels of LDHA may have therapeutic relevance. These data demonstrate the unique and unexplored roles of LDHA in the maintenance of a healthy retina.
Case study: effects of low-stress weaning on calf growth performance and carcass characteristics
Authors: Gubbels Erin R , Jaeger John R , Salverson Robin R , Cammack Kristi M , Grubbs Judson K , Underwood Keith R , Olson Kenneth C , Blair Amanda D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the influence of two low-stress weaning methods with conventional weaning on post-weaning performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. Single-sourced steer calves (n = 89) were stratified by body weight (BW) and dam age into three groups in a completely randomized design (n = 29 or 30 steers/treatment): ABRUPT (calves isolated from dams on the day of weaning), FENCE (calves separated from dams via a fence for 7 d prior to completely weaning), and NOSE (nose-flap inserted and calves remained with dams for 7 d prior to completely weaning). At day +7 post-weaning, calves were transported to a commercial feedlot where they received standard step-up and finishing rations typical for a Northern Plains feedlot. BWs were recorded in study day −7 (PreTreat), 0 (Weaning), 7 (PostWean), 26 (Receiving), 175 (Ultrasound), and 238 or 268 (Final), and average daily gains (ADG) were calculated for each time period. Blood samples were collected via coccygeal venipuncture at d −7 (PreTreat), 0 (Weaning), and +7 (PostWean) from a subsample of calves (n = 10 per treatment) and analyzed for haptoglobin (acute-phase stress protein) concentrations using a bovine haptoglobin ELISA kit. On day 175, ultrasound fat thickness and intramuscular fat were determined and utilized to project marketing dates when steers reached 1.27 cm of backfat (day 238 or 268). Carcass measurements were recorded at the time of harvest. The weaning method interacted (P &lt; 0.01) with a time period for ADG and BW. Calf ADG was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in the NOSE treatment during PreTreat to Weaning than ABRUPT or FENCE. In the Weaning to PostWean period, the FENCE calves had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ADG than ABRUPT and NOSE. During the Postwean to Receiving period ADG was greater (P &lt; 0.04) for ABRUPT compared to FENCE and NOSE. Calf ADG was similar (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments for the remainder of the feeding period. Calf BW did not differ among treatments (P &gt; 0.05) at all times of weighing. Haptoglobin was undetectable in all samples except two samples collected on day −7. The weaning method did not influence (P &gt; 0.05) carcass measurements. Collectively these data suggest low-stress weaning methods do not significantly improve post-weaning growth performance or carcass characteristics compared to using conventional methods despite minor, short-term alterations in ADG during the weaning period.
Targeted deletion of Fgf9 in tendon disrupts mineralization of the developing enthesis
Authors: Ganji Elahe , Leek Connor , Duncan William , Patra Debabrata , Ornitz David M. , Killian Megan L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe enthesis is a transitional tissue between tendon and bone that matures postnatally. The development and maturation of the enthesis involve cellular processes likened to an arrested growth plate. In this study, we explored the role of fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9), a known regulator of chondrogenesis and vascularization during bone development, on the structure and function of the postnatal enthesis. First, we confirmed spatial expression of Fgf9 in the tendon and enthesis using in situ hybridization. We then used Cre‐lox recombinase to conditionally knockout Fgf9 in mouse tendon and enthesis (Scx‐Cre) and characterized enthesis morphology as well as mechanical properties in Fgf9ScxCre and wild‐type (WT) entheses. Fgf9ScxCre mice had smaller calcaneal and humeral apophyses, thinner cortical bone at the attachment, increased cellularity, and reduced failure load in mature entheses compared to WT littermates. During postnatal development, we found reduced chondrocyte hypertrophy and disrupted type X collagen (Col X) in Fgf9ScxCre entheses. These findings support that tendon‐derived Fgf9 is important for functional development of the enthesis, including its postnatal mineralization. Our findings suggest the potential role of FGF signaling during enthesis development.
Cultivating Clinical Reasoning in Nursing Students Using the 3-Minute Memo
Authors: Bergen Tania , Bae Faith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The 3-Minute Memo was developed as an activity to synthesize clinical preparation in a preconference setting. The short, three-part tool requires students to develop and concisely present the patient’s story, the patient’s most significant priorities, and a planned intervention. It helps students make sense of their clinical preparation while demonstrating skills of clinical reasoning, priority setting, and communication. The 3-Minute Memo is an innovative tool to use in preconference to make sense of clinical preparation and develop the skills necessary to think like a nurse.
What They Are Not Telling Us: Analysis of Nonresponders on a National Survey of Resident Well-Being
Authors: Cardell Chelsea F. , Yuce Tarik K. , Zhan Tiannan , Eng Josh S. , Cheung Elaine O. , Etkin Caryn D. , Amortegui Daniela , Jones Andrew , Buyske Jo , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Hu Yue-Yung 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
To characterize nonrespondents to a national survey about trainee well-being, examine response patterns to questions of sensitive nature, and assess how nonresponse biases prevalence estimates of mistreatment and well-being.

Background:
Surgical trainees are at risk for burnout and mistreatment, which are discernible only by self-report. Therefore, prevalence estimates may be biased by nonresponse.

Methods:
A survey was administered with the 2018 and 2019 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examinations assessing demographics, dissatisfaction with education and career, mistreatment, burnout, thoughts of attrition, and suicidality. Responders in 2019 were characterized as survey “Completers,” “Discontinuers” (quit before the end), and “Selective Responders” (selectively answered questions throughout). Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations of respondent type with mistreatment and well-being outcomes, adjusting for individual and program characteristics. Longitudinal survey identifiers linked survey responses for eligible trainees between 2018 and 2019 surveys to further inform nonresponse patterns.

Results:
In 2019, 6956 (85.6%) of 8129 eligible trainees initiated the survey, with 66.5% Completers, 17.5% Discontinuers, and 16.0% Selective Responders. Items with the highest response rates included dissatisfaction with education and career (93.2%), burnout (86.3%), thoughts of attrition (90.8%), and suicidality (94.4%). Discontinuers and Selective Responders were more often junior residents and racially/ethnically minoritized than Completers. No differences were seen in burnout and suicidality rates between Discontinuers, Selective Responders, and Completers. Non-White or Hispanic residents were more likely to skip questions about racial/ethnic discrimination than non-Hispanic White residents (21.2% vs 15.8%; odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–1.53), particularly when asked to identify the source. Women were not more likely to omit questions regarding gender/gender identity/sexual orientation discrimination (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.79–1.04) or its sources (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89–1.16). Both Discontinuers and Selective Responders more frequently reported physical abuse (2.5% vs 1.1%; P = 0.001) and racial discrimination (18.3% vs 13.6%; P < 0.001) on the previous survey (2018) than Completers.

Conclusions:
Overall response rates are high for this survey. Prevalence estimates of burnout, suicidality, and gender discrimination are likely minimally impacted by nonresponse. Nonresponse to survey items about racial/ethnic discrimination by racially/ethnically minoritized residents likely results in underestimation of this type of mistreatment.
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Outcomes in Patients With and Without Bariatric Surgery—Weight Loss Does Make a Difference
Authors: Joo Peter Y. , Zhu Justin R. , Wilhelm Christopher , Tang Kevin , Day Wesley , Moran Jay , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: February 2023

Study Design.
A retrospective comparative cohort study.

Objective.
To compare outcomes of elective non-obese anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) patients with those that underwent bariatric surgery (BS).

Summary of Background Data.
Morbid obesity (MO) has been associated with an increased risk of complications following procedures such as elective ACDF. While pre-emptive BS has been considered for those with MO (body mass index [BMI] ≥35 kg/m2), the impact of this intervention on BMI and its resultant correlation with surgical outcomes remains limited.

Methods.
The PearlDiver 2010-Q1 2020 MSpine database was used to identify patients undergoing elective isolated ACDF. Three sub-cohorts were defined as follows: (1) Non-obese controls without a history of BS, (2) patients with BS procedure within two years with a BMI <35 kg/m2 (BS+MO-), and (3) patients with BS procedure within the two years with a BMI ≥35 kg/m2 (BS+MO+). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to compare 90-day adverse event rates adjusting for age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, and length of stay. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess five-year cervical reoperation rates.

Results.
Of 160,166 elective ACDF patients, prior BS was identified for 479. Of these, 136 patients were BS+MO- and 343 were BS+MO+. On multivariate analysis, BS+MO- were not at increased odds of adverse events, but BS+MO+ were at greater odds of 90-day pulmonary embolism (odds ratio 3.28, P=0.043), wound dehiscence (5.02, P<0.001), hematomas (2.52, P=0.042), and overall minor adverse events (1.61, P=0.011) compared with controls. Five-year reoperation rates were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion.
Twenty-eight percent of those with BS before ACDF fell out of the categorization of MO. Among this group, the odds of adverse events were similar to non-obese patients. These findings suggest that the psychological preparation and BS alone are insufficient to reduce the risk of adverse events after ACDF. Weight reduction must be achieved as well, ideally moving patients out of the BMI range for morbid obesity.
An Unusual Case of Pyogenic Liver Abscess Secondary to Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Authors: Saeed Hasham , Noori Muhammad Atif Masood , Jonbos Maryam , Jesani Shruti , Jawed Qirat , Salamera Julius 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, motile, gram-negative rod. When isolated, it is usually a cause of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. Here we present a case of liver abscess caused by this rare organism in an immunocompetent host.
A 57-year-old Colombian woman came to the emergency department with complaints of subacute onset of back pain, burning in urination, fever, nausea, and vomiting. She was febrile and tachycardic. Urinalysis was positive for leukocyte esterase, nitrite, and bacteria. The patient was started on empiric piperacillin tazobactam 3375 mg as intravenous piggyback every 8 hours. On day 3 of hospitalization, the patient continued to experience flank pain without improvement. Computed tomographic scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast revealed 2 thick-walled complex collections in the right hepatic lobe and the caudate lobe of the liver. Purulent aspirate grew A. xylosoxidans. In this report, we explore the characteristics of A. xylosoxidans and the associated infections it is known to cause as well as suggested treatments from previously reported cases.
Labyrinthitis With Negative MRI As a Precursor to Rapidly Developing Primary CNS Lymphoma of the Cerebellopontine Angle
Authors: Longino Elizabeth S. , Lindquist Nathan R. , Cass Nathan D. , Brignola Emily , Thompson Reid C. , Haynes David S. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Few case reports have described primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) presenting as a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesion in HIV-positive patients. We describe a rare presentation of rapidly progressing PCNSL of the CPA/internal auditory canal (IAC) as labyrinthitis with initial negative MRI in an HIV-positive patient.

Case:
A 58-year-old male with well-controlled HIV presented with sudden left sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and imbalance. Vestibular testing suggested an uncompensated left peripheral vestibular weakness. MRI demonstrated facial and cochleovestibular nerve enhancement within the CPA and IAC. The presumptive diagnosis of labyrinthitis was made. Two months later, he presented to his infectious disease provider with left facial weakness and disequilibrium and was treated for presumed Bell’s palsy. One month later, he presented with left corneal reflex dysfunction, decreased visual acuity, diplopia, and worsening ataxia. Repeat MRI demonstrated a new 3.6 cm lesion of the left CPA/IAC with vasogenic edema. Despite location, the mass lacked the brainstem compression characteristic of other extra-axial CPA masses such as vestibular schwannoma. Flow cytometry and cytology from cerebrospinal fluid was consistent with primary central nervous system large B-cell lymphoma.

Conclusions:
We present a unique case of rapidly progressing PCNSL of the CPA/IAC in an HIV-positive patient, presenting initially as labyrinthitis with negative MRI followed by development of multiple cranial neuropathies and 3-month repeat MRI demonstrating a large CPA mass. In HIV-positive patients with a similar initial presentation, PCNSL should considered early in the diagnostic evaluation with close clinical monitoring and a low threshold for repeat imaging.
Quality Improvement Targeting Non-pharmacologic Care and As-needed Morphine Improves Outcomes in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: McMorrow Thomas J. , Byrnes Kristen , Gates Megan , Hairston Tai , Jawed Aysha , Keydash Megan , Steele Sonya Ulrike , Thorndike Dörte , van Londen Liselotte , Bodnar Benjamin E. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Despite the rising incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), there remains wide practice variation in its management. Many recent studies have focused on implementing new symptom scoring systems, typically as part of larger improvement interventions. Despite the continued use of the Finnegan Scoring System, we performed a quality improvement project to reduce the day of life at discharge and cumulative opioid exposure for newborns with NAS.

Methods:
We developed a protocol for NAS treatment emphasizing early transfer to general pediatric units, maximization of non-pharmacologic care, and use of as-needed morphine whenever pharmacologic treatment is required. Outcome metrics were the day of life at discharge and cumulative morphine exposure. As a process measure, we also monitored the day of life at transfer to general pediatric units. In addition, we utilized statistical process control charts to track changes in performance.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria for analysis over 24 months following project initiation. Day of life at discharge decreased by 61% (20.0 versus 7.89 days, P < 0.001), and cumulative morphine exposure decreased by 81% (13.66 versus 2.57 mg morphine, P ≤ 0.001). Day of life at transfer to general pediatric units decreased by 49% (11.13 versus 5.7 days, P = 0.002). There were no readmissions or other identified adverse events.

Conclusions:
We achieved significant improvements in NAS outcomes using improved non-pharmacologic care and as-needed morphine. Moreover, the improvement did not require transitioning to a new scoring system. These results support the efficacy and safety of as-needed morphine for NAS management.
“Is there a relationship between palatal asymmetry and early speech outcomes in children with isolated cleft palate after double opposing Z-plasty?”
Authors: Jeon Sungmi , Choi Kyung Bum , Kim Hyun Woo , Park Hyung Young , Kim Sukwha , Chung Jee Hyeok 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Although some cleft palates show asymmetric palatal shelf length and/or width intraoperatively, the relationship between palate asymmetry and speech outcomes has not been fully investigated.

Methods:
This study retrospectively reviewed 234 patients who underwent double opposing Z-plasty (DOZ) for isolated cleft palate (Veau class I–II). Speech outcomes were analyzed to evaluate the association with width and length discrepancy of the palatal shelves using multiple logistic regression adjusting for patient age.

Results:
The mean age at repair were 14.2 ± 5.26 months. The mean palatal shelf width and length differences were 0.87 ± 0.97 mm and 1.63 ± 1.61 mm, respectively. The mean age at initial and follow-up assessment was 37.6 ± 5.70 months (n=234) and 66.2 ± 8.81 months (n=120). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of initial speech outcomes showed odds ratios in width discrepancy of 1.67 (p = 0.0703), 1.59 (p = 0.0104), and 2.01 (p = 0.0051) for nasal emission, hypernasality, and compensatory articulation, respectively. Additional analysis including follow-up outcomes also revealed that width discrepancy of the palatal shelves had higher odds ratios for nasal emission, hypernasality and compensatory articulation (1.49, p=0.0406; 1.36, 0.0660; 1.65, 0.0170, respectively). There was no association between length discrepancy and all speech abnormalities.

Conclusions:
Greater discrepancies in palatal shelf width, rather than in length, were associated with poorer speech outcomes after DOZ. We suggest that DOZ is effective for longitudinally asymmetric cleft palates.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Post Heart Transplantation Depicts High Accumulation at Sites of Previous Ventricular Assist Device Insertion
Authors: Toyama Yoshitaka , Otani Masayuki , Yaoita Nobuhiro , Takanami Kentaro , Takase Kei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 37-year-old man with previous heart transplantation for dilated cardiomyopathy underwent screening for malignancy under posttransplantation immunosuppression. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed uptake in 2 peritoneal sites of the pericardium that corresponded to the insertion sites of a left ventricular assist device that was used before transplantation. Additional abnormal uptake in the right axillary artery, aortic arch, and left femoral artery corresponded to the insertion sites for arterial inflow during cardiopulmonary bypass. Knowledge that FDG accumulation may occur at the insertion sites of an extracorporeal-circulation device enables unnecessary tests to be avoided.