bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic Debate in Russia About Arms Control and Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Arbatova Nadezhda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGenerally speaking, arms control is a historical period of transition from uncompromising confrontation to a new world order. It can last for decades with breakthroughs and pullbacks. Today many are talking about the need for new approaches to arms control but new approaches will not arise from the middle of nowhere. No measures of “soft” arms control - the vague discussions on military doctrines or experts’ debates about new interpreteations of strategic stability - can be a substitute to “hard core” of arms control of verifiable limitations and reductions of weapons and troops.
Cultural-Historical Wholeness Approach: Critical Activity Settings of More-Than-Parental Involvement
Authors: Sadownik Alicja R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter starts with a description of the cultural-historical wholeness approach as a theory of child development. The theory’s considerable focus on the context in which such development takes place makes it capable of theorising the collaboration between different institutions that constitutes the developmental situation of the child. The concepts of an activity setting, in which both societal demands and individual motives intersect, and a crisis are described as productive tools for reflecting on different modes of more-than-parental involvement in ECEC. As an interpretative theory, this toolkit does not impose any particular model of parental involvement, but instead allows for reflection on the conditions that allow for different practices to appear, thus locating the level of eventual change-making.
Noninvertible anomalies in SU(N) × U(1) gauge theories
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Poppitz Erich 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study 4-dimensional SU(N) × U(1) gauge theories with a single massless Dirac fermion in the 2-index symmetric/antisymmetric representations and show that they are endowed with a noninvertible 0-form $$ {\overset{\sim }{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2\left(N\pm 2\right)}^{\upchi} $$

ℤ
~

2

N
±
2

χ

chiral symmetry along with a 1-form $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{(1)} $$

ℤ
N

1

center symmetry. By using the Hamiltonian formalism and putting the theory on a spatial three-torus $$ \mathbbm{T} $$
T
3, we construct the non-unitary gauge invariant operator corresponding to $$ {\overset{\sim }{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2\left(N\pm 2\right)}^{\upchi} $$

ℤ
~

2

N
±
2

χ

and find that it acts nontrivially in sectors of the Hilbert space characterized by selected magnetic fluxes. When we subject $$ \mathbbm{T} $$
T
3 to $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{(1)} $$

ℤ
N

1

twists, for N even, in selected magnetic flux sectors, the algebra of $$ {\overset{\sim }{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2\left(N\pm 2\right)}^{\upchi} $$

ℤ
~

2

N
±
2

χ

and $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{(1)} $$

ℤ
N

1

fails to commute by a ℤ2 phase. We interpret this noncommutativity as a mixed anomaly between the noninvertible and the 1-form symmetries. The anomaly implies that all states in the torus Hilbert space with the selected magnetic fluxes exhibit a two-fold degeneracy for arbitrary $$ \mathbbm{T} $$
T
3 size. The degenerate states are labeled by discrete electric fluxes and are characterized by nonzero expectation values of condensates. In an appendix, we also discuss how to construct the corresponding noninvertible defect via the “half-space gauging” of a discrete one-form magnetic symmetry.
On the ghost problem of conformal gravity
Authors: Hell Anamaria , Lüst Dieter , Zoupanos George 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the metric perturbations around the de Sitter and Minkowski backgrounds in Conformal Gravity. We confirm the presence of ghosts in both cases. In the de Sitter case, by applying the Maldacena boundary conditions — the Neumann boundary condition and the positive-frequency mode condition — to the metric, we show that one cannot recover a general solution for the perturbations. In turn, alongside the Neumann boundary condition, we derive an additional condition with which the perturbations of conformal gravity and dS perturbations of Einstein gravity with cosmological constant coincide. We further show that the Neumann boundary condition does not lead to a general solution in Minkowski space. Conversely, we derive the alternative boundary conditions, with which we attain an agreement between the perturbations of conformal and Einstein gravity in full generality, thus removing the ghost of conformal gravity.
Heavy Neutral Leptons from Stopped Muons and Pions
Authors: Ema Yohei , Liu Zhen , Lyu Kun-Feng , Pospelov Maxim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Stopped muons, which are generic in pion-at-rest experiments, can shed light on heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) in unexplored parameter spaces. If the HNL is lighter than the muon, the HNL can be produced from decays of muons and pions. The HNL will travel from the production location and decay into visible Standard Model (SM) modes, leaving signals inside downstream detectors. We find that in the case that the HNL dominantly mixes with muon neutrinos, the LSND constraint on the mixing angle squared is stronger than all the previous constraints by more than an order of magnitude. In this study, we recast the LSND measurement of the ν – e scattering. Future experiments such as PIP2-BD could further improve the sensitivity, provided they can distinguish the HNL events from backgrounds induced by the SM neutrinos.
Metabolomic insights into maternal and neonatal complications in pregnancies affected by type 1 diabetes
Authors: Meek Claire L. , Stewart Zoe A. , Feig Denice S. , Furse Samuel , Neoh Sandra L. , Koulman Albert , Murphy Helen R. ,   on behalf of the CONCEPTT collaborative group
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy is associated with suboptimal pregnancy outcomes, attributed to maternal hyperglycaemia and offspring hyperinsulinism (quantifiable by cord blood C-peptide). We assessed metabolomic patterns associated with risk factors (maternal hyperglycaemia, diet, BMI, weight gain) and perinatal complications (pre-eclampsia, large for gestational age [LGA], neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinism) in the Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Women with Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial (CONCEPTT).

Methods
A total of 174 CONCEPTT participants gave ≥1 non-fasting serum sample for the biorepository at 12 gestational weeks (147 women), 24 weeks (167 women) and 34 weeks (160 women) with cord blood from 93 infants. Results from untargeted metabolite analysis (ultrahigh performance LC-MS) are presented as adjusted logistic/linear regression of maternal and cord blood metabolites, risk factors and perinatal complications using a modified Bonferroni limit of significance for dependent variables.

Results
Maternal continuous glucose monitoring time-above-range (but not BMI or excessive gestational weight gain) was associated with increased triacylglycerols in maternal blood and increased carnitines in cord blood. LGA, adiposity, neonatal hypoglycaemia and offspring hyperinsulinism showed distinct metabolite profiles. LGA was associated with increased carnitines, steroid hormones and lipid metabolites, predominantly in the third trimester. However, neonatal hypoglycaemia and offspring hyperinsulinism were both associated with metabolite changes from the first trimester, featuring triacylglycerols or dietary phenols. Pre-eclampsia was associated with increased abundance of phosphatidylethanolamines, a membrane phospholipid, at 24 weeks.

Conclusions/interpretation
Altered lipid metabolism is a key pathophysiological feature of type 1 diabetes pregnancy. New strategies for optimising maternal diet and insulin dosing from the first trimester are needed to improve pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Behandlung mit voll implantierbaren Distraktionsmarknägeln zur Extremitätenverlängerung – ein Paradigmenwechsel
Authors: Baumgart Rainer , Lenze Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungWie kaum ein anderes Implantat haben voll implantierbare Distraktionsmarknägel die korrigierende und rekonstruktive Knochenchirurgie verändert. Basierend auf den Grundlagen der Kallusdistraktion haben diese neuen apparativen Entwicklungen mit neuartigen Planungsstrategien und minimal-invasiven operativen Techniken eine Vielzahl an Indikationen erschlossen und die Behandlung reproduzierbar und sicher gemacht. Voraussetzung ist aber, dass standardisierte Abläufe eingehalten werden, die sowohl die Operationsvorbereitung, die Durchführung als auch die sich anschließende Distraktionsbehandlung betreffen. Die Behandlung mit voll implantierbaren Distraktionsmarknägeln gehört an spezialisierte Zentren, damit der bereits jetzt erkennbare Paradigmenwechsel in der korrigierenden und rekonstruktiven Extremitätenchirurgie das Tor für weitere Entwicklungen öffnet.
A-agents, misleadingly known as “Novichoks”: a narrative review
Authors: Opravil Jakub , Pejchal Jaroslav , Finger Vladimir , Korabecny Jan , Rozsypal Tomas , Hrabinova Martina , Muckova Lubica , Hepnarova Vendula , Konecny Jan , Soukup Ondrej , Jun Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract“Novichok” refers to a new group of nerve agents called the A-series agents. Their existence came to light in 2018 after incidents in the UK and again in 2020 in Russia. They are unique organophosphorus-based compounds developed during the Cold War in a program called Foliant in the USSR. This review is based on original chemical entities from Mirzayanov's memoirs published in 2008. Due to classified research, a considerable debate arose about their structures, and hence, various structural moieties were speculated. For this reason, the scientific literature is highly incomplete and, in some cases, contradictory. This review critically assesses the information published to date on this class of compounds. The scope of this work is to summarize all the available and relevant information, including the physicochemical properties, chemical synthesis, mechanism of action, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and medical countermeasures used to date. The environmental stability of A-series agents, the lack of environmentally safe decontamination, their high toxicity, and the scarcity of information on post-contamination treatment pose a challenge for managing possible incidents.
Costs associated with adverse drug reactions in an older population admitted to hospital: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bennett Kathleen , Cahir Caitriona , Sorensen Jan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study examines healthcare costs associated with adverse drug reactions (ADR) in an older population admitted acutely to an Irish tertiary hospital.

Methods
Prospective cohort study involving older persons admitted to hospital with and without an ADR. Data was collected at baseline, during hospitalisation and post-discharge. Participants provided information on healthcare resource use three months before admission (baseline) and three months after discharge (follow-up). For each healthcare resource, unit costs were derived and applied. The average cost (standard deviation (SD)) associated with the hospital admission for the ADR and non-ADR are presented. In addition, baseline and follow-up care costs were compared using difference-in-difference analysis and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Costs by preventability and severity of ADR are also presented.

Results
A total of n = 230 participants were included (n = 93 ADR and n = 137 without ADR). The average cost associated with hospital admission for an ADR was €9538 (SD €10442) and €9828 (SD €11770) for non-ADR. The additional follow-up costs (difference-in-difference) associated with the ADR was estimated at €2047 (95% CI: -€889 to €4983). The mean incremental follow-up cost of definite preventable ADRs was estimated at €1648 (95% CI: -€4310 to €7605), possible preventable ADRs €2259 (95 CI: -€1194 to €5712) and unavoidable ADRs €1757 (95% CI: -€3377 to €6890). The mean incremental follow-up cost associated with moderate severe ADRs was estimated at €1922 (95% CI: -€1088 to €4932) and €3580 (95% CI: -€4898 to €12,058) for severe ADRs.

Conclusion
ADRs leading to hospital admission are associated with modest incremental healthcare costs during and three months after admission. Severe and possibly preventable ADRs were associated with higher costs.
Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Rubio-Sánchez Ricardo , Ubeda Cristina , Ríos-Reina Rocío 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem worldwide, and current diagnostic methods have certain limitations. In recent years, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied as an alternative diagnostic method. Due to this, this study aimed to detect, in vaginal swabs and urine samples, VOCs emitted by highly prevalent STIs-causing bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) to identify potential biomarkers that allow the detection of these STIs. VOCs detected in urine samples showed a better differentiation of patients with STIs due to C. trachomatis from those not infected, with 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the volatile compound most related to the presence of this bacterium. Among the VOCs most related to M. genitalium in urine, 4-methyltetradecane and 2-methylpentadecane stood out, while 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one was the VOC most closely related to N. gonorrhoeae infection. Moreover, C12 alcohols were the main VOC family associated with positive samples in all three bacteria, which could indicate the presence of aldehyde reductases in their metabolism. In contrast, alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-heptanol and 1-octanol, as well as dimethyl esters, were more associated with negative samples and may be useful in ruling out an STI caused by one of these three bacteria. In short, the VOCs identified as potential biomarkers in patients with infection by C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, or N. gonorrhoeae could be used in the early diagnosis of these STIs, quickly interrupting the chain of transmission, especially interesting in asymptomatic patients.

Key points
• Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem worldwide.
• The study of VOCs in multiple infections is increasing in recent years.
• The identification of volatile biomarkers could allow new diagnostic methods.

Graphical abstract
Immobilization of Rhodococcus by encapsulation and entrapment: a green solution to bitter citrus by-products
Authors: Pilar-Izquierdo María C. , López-Fouz María , Ortega Natividad , Busto María D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Debittering of citrus by-products is required to obtain value-added compounds for application in the food industry (e.g., dietary fiber, bioactive compounds). In this work, the immobilization of Rhodococcus fascians cells by encapsulation in Ca-alginate hollow beads and entrapment in poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyethylene glycol (PVA/PEG) cryogels was studied as an alternative to chemical treatments for degrading the bitter compound limonin. Previously, the Rhodococcus strain was adapted using orange peel extract to increase its tolerance to limonoids. The optimal conditions for the encapsulation of microbial cells were 2% Na-alginate, 4% CaCl2, 4% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and a microbial load of 0.6 OD600 (optical density at 600 nm). For immobilization by entrapment, the optimal conditions were 8% PVA, 8% PEG, and 0.6 OD600 microbial load. Immobilization by entrapment protected microbial cells better than encapsulation against the citrus medium stress conditions (acid pH and composition). Thus, under optimal immobilization conditions, limonin degradation was 32 and 28% for immobilization in PVA/PEG gels and in hollow beads, respectively, in synthetic juice (pH 3) after 72 h at 25 °C. Finally, the microbial cells entrapped in the cryogels showed a higher operational stability in orange juice than the encapsulated cells, with four consecutive cycles of reuse (runs of 24 h at 25 °C).

Key points
• Increased tolerance to limonoids by adapting R. fascians with citrus by-products.
• Entrapment provided cells with favorable microenvironment for debittering at acid pH.
• Cryogel-immobilized cells showed the highest limonin degradation in citrus products.
Correlation of gene expression with magnetic resonance imaging features of retinoblastoma: a multi-center radiogenomics validation study
Authors: Jansen Robin W. , Roohollahi Khashayar , Uner Ogul E. , de Jong Yvonne , de Bloeme Christiaan M. , Göricke Sophia , Sirin Selma , Maeder Philippe , Galluzzi Paolo , Brisse Hervé J. , Cardoen Liesbeth , Castelijns Jonas A. , van der Valk Paul , Moll Annette C. , Grossniklaus Hans , Hubbard G. Baker , de Jong Marcus C. , Dorsman Josephine , de Graaf Pim ,   On behalf of the European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To validate associations between MRI features and gene expression profiles in retinoblastoma, thereby evaluating the repeatability of radiogenomics in retinoblastoma.

Methods
In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, retinoblastoma patients with gene expression data and MRI were included. MRI features (scored blinded for clinical data) and matched genome-wide gene expression data were used to perform radiogenomic analysis. Expression data from each center were first separately processed and analyzed. The end product normalized expression values from different sites were subsequently merged by their Z-score to permit cross-sites validation analysis. The MRI features were non-parametrically correlated with expression of photoreceptorness (radiogenomic analysis), a gene expression signature informing on disease progression. Outcomes were compared to outcomes in a previous described cohort.

Results
Thirty-six retinoblastoma patients were included, 15 were female (42%), and mean age was 24 (SD 18) months. Similar to the prior evaluation, this validation study showed that low photoreceptorness gene expression was associated with advanced stage imaging features. Validated imaging features associated with low photoreceptorness were multifocality, a tumor encompassing the entire retina or entire globe, and a diffuse growth pattern (all p < 0.05). There were a number of radiogenomic associations that were also not validated.

Conclusions
A part of the radiogenomic associations could not be validated, underlining the importance of validation studies. Nevertheless, cross-center validation of imaging features associated with photoreceptorness gene expression highlighted the capability radiogenomics to non-invasively inform on molecular subtypes in retinoblastoma.

Clinical relevance statement
Radiogenomics may serve as a surrogate for molecular subtyping based on histopathology material in an era of eye-sparing retinoblastoma treatment strategies.

Key Points
• Since retinoblastoma is increasingly treated using eye-sparing methods, MRI features informing on molecular subtypes that do not rely on histopathology material are important.
• A part of the associations between retinoblastoma MRI features and gene expression profiles (radiogenomics) were validated.
• Radiogenomics could be a non-invasive technique providing information on the molecular make-up of retinoblastoma.
Mit Strom gegen den Kopfschmerz
Authors: Wagner Zhenya , Steinberg Holger 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungKopfschmerzen sind sowohl ein verbreitetes Symptom als auch oft genug in sich ein Erkrankungsbild, das zu Leidensdruck, Behinderung und gesamtökonomisch hohen Kosten führt. Die medikamentöse Therapie wirkt oft nur unzureichend oder bringt andere Limitationen mit sich. Die Anwendung von Strom erschien bereits im 19. Jahrhundert eine vielversprechende Behandlungsmethode zu sein und auch aktuell wird zur Anwendung der tDCS bei dieser Indikation geforscht. Diese Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht sowohl über die während der ersten Blütezeit der Elektrotherapie Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts als auch über die in der kontemporären Forschung erschienenen Studien, die sich mit der Anwendung schwacher elektrischer Ströme zur Therapie oder Prophylaxe von Kopfschmerzen auseinandersetzen. Es zeigt sich, dass vorrangig vielversprechende Behandlungserfolge präsentiert werden, wobei die Fallzahlen oft gering und die eingesetzten Stimulationsmethoden sehr heterogen sind. In Summe scheint die elektrotherapeutische Anwendung zur Therapie von Kopfschmerzsyndromen ein auf eine lange Tradition zurückblickender, interessanter Forschungszweig und Therapieansatz zu sein, wobei noch weitere Forschung notwendig ist, sowohl bezüglich der technischen und klinischen Details der Durchführung der Stimulation als auch hinsichtlich der verschiedenen Indikationen.
Feedback About a Person’s Social Context - Personal Networks and Daily Social Interactions
Authors: Stadel Marie , Stulp Gert , Langener Anna M. , Elmer Timon , van Duijn Marijtje A. J. , Bringmann Laura F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe social context of a person, meaning their social relationships and daily social interactions, is an important factor for understanding their mental health. However, personalised feedback approaches to psychotherapy do not consider this factor sufficiently yet. Therefore, we developed an interactive feedback prototype focusing specifically on a person’s social relationships as captured with personal social networks (PSN) and daily social interactions as captured with experience sampling methodology (ESM). We describe the development of the prototype as well as two evaluation studies: Semi-structured interviews with students (N = 23) and a focus group discussion with five psychotherapy patients. Participants from both studies considered the prototype useful. The students considered participation in our study, which included social context assessment via PSN and ESM as well as a feedback session, insightful. However, it remains unclear how much insight the feedback procedure generated for the students beyond the insights they already gained from the assessments. The focus group patients indicated that in a clinical context, (social context) feedback may be especially useful to generate insight for the clinician and facilitate collaboration between patient and clinician. Furthermore, it became clear that the current feedback prototype requires explanations by a researcher or trained clinician and cannot function as a stand-alone intervention. As such, we discuss our feedback prototype as a starting point for future research and clinical implementation.
Detecting signs of model change with continuous model selection based on descriptive dimensionality
Authors: Yamanishi Kenji , Hirai So 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe address the issue of detecting changes of models that lie behind a data stream. The model refers to an integer-valued structural information such as the number of free parameters in a parametric model. Specifically we are concerned with the problem of how we can detect signs of model changes earlier than they are actualized. To this end, we employ continuous model selection on the basis of the notion of descriptive dimensionality (Ddim). It is a real-valued model dimensionality, which is designed for quantifying the model dimensionality in the model transition period. Continuous model selection is to determine the real-valued model dimensionality in terms of Ddim from a given data. We propose a novel methodology for detecting signs of model changes by tracking the rise-up/descent of Ddim in a data stream. We apply this methodology to detecting signs of changes of the number of clusters in a Gaussian mixture model and those of the order in an auto regression model. With synthetic and real data sets, we empirically demonstrate its effectiveness by showing that it is able to visualize well how rapidly model dimensionality moves in the transition period and to raise early warning signals of model changes earlier than they are detected with existing methods.