bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sustainable transport planning index: A tool for the sustainable implementation of public transportation
Authors: Ghafouri‐Azar Mona , Diamond Sara , Bowes Jeremy , Gholamalizadeh Ehsan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe transportation sector contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, so it is crucial to assess and measure the sustainability of transportation systems. In this context, this study was conducted to develop an integrated index through the use of the multi‐criteria decision analysis method. The method combines existing discrete indexes into one comprehensive evaluation of public transportation, resulting in the sustainable transport planning index (STPI). In the STPI model, sustainability of transportation systems is assessed based on social, economic, and environmental factors that support the implementation of zero emission busses. The weight of each indicator is determined through the analytical hierarchy process, where expert judgment is used to assess the relative importance of each indicator. Normalization of indicators is performed to ensure comparability and consistency. The final STPI index is calculated as the weighted average of the normalized indicators. The STPI model reduces bias in the decision‐making process by considering multiple aspects and utilizing a structured approach to transport planning. The results of this method can provide valuable insights for decision‐makers, public transport agencies, government ministries, the private sector, and other stakeholders. As case study model, the STPI model was applied to the public transport system of the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2019, however; the methodology and lessons learned are applicable to all countries that are in the process of assembling data sets to weigh trade‐offs and inclusions in relation to sustainable transit such as accessibility and health impacts.
Magnetic Polaron States in Photoluminescent Carbon Dots Enable Hydrogen Peroxide Photoproduction
Authors: Zdražil Lukáš , Baďura Zdeněk , Langer Michal , Kalytchuk Sergii , Panáček David , Scheibe Magdalena , Kment Štěpán , Kmentová Hana , Thottappali Muhammed Arshad , Mohammadi Elmira , Medveď Miroslav , Bakandritsos Aristides , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Zbořil Radek , Otyepka Michal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotoactivation of aspartic acid‐based carbon dots (Asp‐CDs) induces the generation of spin‐separated species, including electron/hole (e−/h+) polarons and spin‐coupled triplet states, as uniquely confirmed by the light‐induced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relative population of the e−/h+ pairs and triplet species depends on the solvent polarity, featuring a substantial stabilization of the triplet state in a non‐polar environment (benzene). The electronic properties of the photoexcited Asp‐CDs emerge from their spatial organization being interpreted as multi‐layer assemblies containing a hydrophobic carbonaceous core and a hydrophilic oxygen and nitrogen functionalized surface. The system properties are dissected theoretically by density functional theory in combination with molecular dynamics simulations on quasi‐spherical assemblies of size‐variant flakelike model systems, revealing the importance of size dependence and interlayer effects. The formation of the spin‐separated states in Asp‐CDs enables the photoproduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from water and water/2‐propanol mixture via a water oxidation reaction.
Properties of Starch‐Based Nanocomposites with Starch‐Coated ZnONP Obtained by Flat‐Die Extrusion
Authors: Quintero‐Borregales Lucía M. , Guz Lucas , Goyanes Silvia , Famá Lucía 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFast‐growing environmental concern has made nanotechnology surge as an enhancer of eco‐friendly materials. In this research, biodegradable and active nanocomposites are developed from thermoplastic starch films with the incorporation of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles eco‐friendly synthesized with starch (ZnONP) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 wt.%) by flat‐die extrusion. ZnONP at 2 and 5 wt.% enhances Young's modulus (E), strain at break (εb), and tensile toughness (T), and decreases the water solubility (WS) and moisture content (MC), also inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli. Additionally, with 5 wt.% of nanofiller, a hydrophobic material with UV‐A and UV‐B shielding is also achieved. Furthermore, all films are fully biodegraded in vegetal compost at around 4 weeks. The results show that ZnONP can be a very promising alternative as a reinforcing and active agent for preparing new starch‐based nanocomposites for the food packaging and coating industry.
Comparison of the Thermal and Rheological Properties of Frontière Brown Rice Flour, Tapioca Starch, and Potato Starch and Mixture Effects on Pasting Properties in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Aleman Ricardo S. , Paz Gabriella , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Moncada Marvin , King Joan M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGluten‐free blends utilize starches, gums, hydrocolloids, and proteins for viscoelasticity, gas holding ability, and crumb structure of dough and batter without gluten. This study examines Frontière brown rice flour (HPBRF), a new high protein rice cultivar, with tapioca starch (TS) and potato starch (PS) in an aqueous model system in a mixture design, to study interaction effects on pasting properties. The effect of the flour from this new cultivar on the pasting properties of other starches typically used in gluten‐free products has not yet been tested. Pasting properties are analyzed with a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA). Rheological and thermal characterization of the flour and starches are also done using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a rheometer. The blends of HPBRF and PS affect the pasting properties compared to each alone, and it is observed that the application of HPBRF with PS decreases breakdown viscosity and peak viscosity, significantly compared to PS alone. Also, the ternary mixture considerably decreases the retrogradation potential for HPBRF, which indicates more stability during storage. These positive and negative effects can indicate how combined usage of these ingredients for the development of bakery products can impact physiochemical properties of gluten‐free bakery products.
Molecular Engineering of Carbohydrate Recognition
Authors: Sun Zhanhu , Fan Bowen , Webber Matthew J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarbohydrates play a number of structural, functional, and metabolic roles in underpinning natural life processes, acting in states of both health and disease. Given this importance, over millions of years of evolution, living systems have developed an ability to recognize and bind carbohydrates, achieving remarkable recognition affinity and specificity in spite of the often hydrophilic and ubiquitous character of carbohydrate targets. In recent years, bio‐inspired synthetic receptors have been developed to bind carbohydrates, with examples of (pseudo)temple‐shaped receptors, flexible receptors, and dynamic‐covalent/coordinative receptors reported. Certain of these have even demonstrated promising results, for example in binding glucose or exhibiting antiviral and antibiotic function. Accordingly, and in spite of remaining challenges, the development of synthetic receptors for carbohydrate recognition holds great promise to combat some of the most urgent problems facing our world today.
RETRACTED: Circular forms of dedicator of cytokinesis 1 promotes breast cancer progression by derepressing never in mitosis related kinase 2 via sponging miR‐128‐3p
Authors: Ni Zhaoxian , Liu Weiyan , Pan Gaofeng , Mao Anwei , Liu Jiazhe , Zhang Qing , Li Jindong , Liu Limin , Li Hongchang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe conjecture of breast cancer is uncertain because of its explosive growth and the complicated molecular mechanisms. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regulatory RNA sequences present in the genome and their regulatory mechanism involves the sponging of microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we explored the regulation between circular forms of dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (circDOCK1) (hsa_circ_0007142) and miR‐128‐3p, and its implication on the pathogenesis of breast cancer modulated by never in mitosis (NIMA) related kinase 2 (NEK2). We revealed an increase in circDOCK1 and NEK2 expression, and a decrease in miR‐128‐3p expression in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation indicated a positive correlation between circDOCK1 and NEK2 expression but a negative correlation was recorded between miR‐128‐3p and circDOCK1 or NEK2, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of circDOCK1 expression was followed by an increase in miR‐128‐3p and a decrease in NEK2 levels in vitro and in vivo. The luciferase assay concluded that miR‐128‐3p was a direct target of circDOCK1 while NEK2 was the direct target of miR‐128‐3p. Furthermore, circDOCK1 inhibition hindered breast cancer development by repressing NEK2 and thus promoting the increased expression of miR‐128‐3p both in vitro and in vivo. We therefore conclude that circDOCK1 promotes breast cancer progression by targeting miR‐128‐3p‐mediated downregulation of NEK2 and that the circDOCK1/hsa‐miR‐128‐3p/NEK2 axis may be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
RETRACTED: Efficacy of three‐dimensional arterial spin labeling and how it compares against that of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative grading of brain gliomas
Authors: Wang Kai , Guo Huanxuan , Tian Xiaoyan , Miao Yanping , Han Ping , Jin Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of three‐dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D‐ASL) imaging in preoperative grading of brain gliomas, and compare the discrepancy between images obtained from 3D‐ASL and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) in grading of gliomas.MethodsFifty‐one patients with brain gliomas received plain MRI, CE‐MRI and 3D‐ASL scanning before surgery. In 3D‐ASL images, the maximum tumor blood flow (TBF) of tumor parenchyma was measured, relative TBF‐M and rTBF‐WM were calculated. The cases were categorized into “ASL dominant” and “CE dominant” to compare the discrepancy between 3D‐ASL and CE‐MRI results. Independent samples t test, Mann‐Whitney and U test and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to test the differences of TBF, rTBF‐M and rTBF‐WM values among brain gliomas with different grades. Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between TBF, rTBF‐M, rTBF‐WM and glioma grades respectively. To compare the discrepancy between 3D‐ASL and CE‐MRI results.ResultsIn high‐grade gliomas (HGG) group, TBF, rTBF‐M and rTBF‐WM values were higher than those in low‐grade gliomas (LGG) group (p < .05). Multiple comparison showed TBF and rTBF‐WM values were different between grade I and IV gliomas, grade II and IV gliomas (both p < .05), the rTBF‐M value was different between grade I and IV gliomas (p < .05). The values of all 3D‐ASL derived parameters were positively correlated with gliomas grading (all p < .001). TBF showed highest specificity (89.3%) and rTBF‐WM showed highest sensitivity (96.4%) when discriminating LGG and HGG using ROC curve. There were 29 CE dominant cases (23 cases were HGG), 9 ASL dominant cases (4 cases were HGG). Conclusion3D‐ASL is of significance to preoperative grading of brain gliomas and might be more sensitive than CE‐MRI in detection of tumor perfusion.
Copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers is associated with multiple independent genetic variants
Authors: Haywood Susan , Swinburne June , Schofield Ellen , Constantino‐Casas Fernando , Watson Penny 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundBedlington terrier copper toxicosis (CT) is due to a homozygous exon deletion inCOMMD1. CT also occurs in Bedlingtons lacking this deletion. An association with twoABCA12single nuceotide polymorphism (SNP) splice variants was reported. Labrador retriever CT is associated with a missense mutation inATP7B, and with a protective mutation inATP7A.MethodsLiver and DNA samples from 24 affected and 10 unaffected Bedlingtons were assessed for copper and genetic variants. Allelic frequencies were compared. TheATP7Bmutation frequency was investigated in 144 dogs of other breeds.ResultsTheABCA12SNPs showed no differences between groups. TheCOMMD1deletion was less frequent in unaffected than in affected dogs and in affected dogs post‐2001 than pre‐2001. TheATP7Bmutation was more frequent in affected than unaffected Bedlingtons. Thirty‐five of 144 dogs of other breeds were homo‐ or heterozygous for theATP7Bmutation. TheATP7Amutation was absent from Bedlingtons.LimitationsClinical information and qualitative copper measurements were unavailable for most dogs.ConclusionTheCOMMD1deletion remains present in Bedlington terriers but is no longer the primary cause of CT.ABCA12SNPs were not associated with CT. TheATP7B:c.4358G>Amutation was significantly associated with Bedlington CT and was more common in dogs of this breed than in the 144 dogs of other breeds.
Conclusion
Authors: Kearney Amanda , Bradley John , Dodd Vincent , Norman a-Marrngawi Dinah , Timothy a-Muluwamara Mavis , Dimanyurru Graham Friday , a-Karrakayny Annie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the final chapter we conclude the book by restating the nature of Indigenous Law, as the localised configuration of a social, ecological, geographical and ancestral world. Law is held in language, song and ceremony, which delineate a people’s physical and metaphysical territory. In contemporary colonised settings, Indigenous struggles for justice, sovereignty and self-determination are mediated through western frameworks and languages which erase the substance of Indigenous Law in and of itself. Indigenous people are faced with the dilemma of fighting for their family and their Country on terms and within systems that continue to obliterate and marginalise the realpolitik of their Law. In this concluding chapter we encourage researchers, artists, decision-makers, service providers and others who work with Indigenous peoples to seek out respectful relational encounters with Indigenous knowledges and Laws. This means forming relationships with people and communities in situ over extended periods of time wherever possible. As we have demonstrated, Indigenous Law continues to evolve and change in its manifestations between generations in the context of rapid socio-cultural change. However, Law also continues to govern the day-to-day negotiation of politics, people and identity within and between Indigenous communities. Decision-makers of all stripes working with Indigenous communities will benefit from a pluralistic disposition in seeking to better understand the communities they work alongside, and the Country on which they stand.
IC in Israel/Palestine: Normative Influence and Ice Cream Soldiers
Authors: Spitka Timea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter outlines US, EU and UN strategies and realities when it comes to the protection of Palestinian and Israeli civilians. Based on the literature, documentation and interviews with protection personnel working within the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, the chapter focuses on the principles and practice of international security organizations operating in the West Bank and Gaza. How effective is the international community in contributing towards protection? How effective are international organizations such as UNWRA and the EU-supported organizations including EUPOL COPPS, EUBAM Rafah, and Norway’s former TIPH (Temporary International Presence in Hebron)? The chapter examines the limits of international humanitarian aid and human rights efforts focused on protection, given the challenges in limited mandates and national and international division within the Palestinian/Israeli conflict.
Conclusion: Path Towards Change
Authors: Spitka Timea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBack in 2003, a few years before Hamas took over Gaza, I was working with the Rand Corporation that was doing a study of visioning the future of the Palestinian State. They hired a Los Angeles architect to look at Gaza and draw up a plan for liveable urban area with parks, a beachfront, a sea port, an airport and an industrial zone. We drove around with the municipal authorities and imagined what could be done with the political will and funding. If one thinks of Gaza as mostly urban space, one can imagine a beautiful liveable area with high-rises, parks and a beachfront on the Mediterranean Sea situated next to Egypt and Israel. Half of the population of Gaza is under the age of 18 and hoping for a better life.
Introduction
Authors: Londen Patrick , Walsh Philip , Yoshimi Jeff 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis book explores phenomenology as a diverse movement in philosophy and as an active research method that crosses disciplinary boundaries. Bringing together overviews of major areas and schools of phenomenology, as well as the most recent applications of phenomenology across a range of fields, this volume offers a concise introduction to phenomenological research. The first part reviews the state of the art in various areas of contemporary phenomenology, including several distinct schools of Husserl and Heidegger scholarship, as well as approaches derived from Merleau-Ponty, Beauvoir, Fanon, and others. A quantitative analysis of citation networks provides visualizations of the field as a whole. The second part showcases phenomenology as a living discipline that is advancing research into questions of embodiment and identity, the arts, and archaeology and anthropology.
The Reading Process: An Intertextual Approach
Authors: Martín-Rodríguez Manuel M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the long history of interconnectedness between philosophy and literature, the twentieth century was marked, to a large extent, by significant developments in the exploration of ties between phenomenology and theories of reader response and reception. In addition, novel philosophical ideas about time, subjectivity, and consciousness influenced many early- and mid-twentieth century authors, whose innovative and experimental works posed newfangled challenges to readers. Understanding and enjoyment of the experimental texts they produced hinged upon a series of cognitive processes that were considerably more complex than what the nineteenth century literary works used to require.
Phenomenology and Architecture: Examining Embodied Experience and Graphic Representations of the Built Environment
Authors: Shields Jennifer A. E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow do we reconcile the way we represent architectural designs with a real, embodied, experience of a built space? Merleau-Ponty suggests that “The Umwelt marks the difference between the world such as it exists in itself, and the world of a living being. It is an intermediary reality between the world as it exists for an absolute observer and a purely subjective domain.” Yet there is a third condition: the anticipation of the world as it might exist, as visualized in drawings. Architectural drawings are understood as referential and non-autonomous; they are representations of architectural space and form. Yet all modalities of two-dimensional spatial representation are abstractions of physical space and form, and are therefore subject to interpretation. This chapter investigates the relationship between physiological responses in the embodied experience of a built space with the responses evoked when looking at various modes of architectural representation.
Phenomenology Park: The Landscape of Husserlian Phenomenology
Authors: Drummond John J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPerplexed was I when invited to contribute a paper addressing the “landscape of Husserlian phenomenology.” I had no idea of the intended import of the landscape-metaphor. The issue was further complicated by the fact that the paper was to be part of a collection titled “Horizons of Phenomenology.” “Horizons” I get; it’s a technical term for Husserl, who distinguishes between inner and outer horizons. So, were I to talk about horizons, I would talk about phenomenology’s inner horizons, that is, about the possibilities for further explication of the implications of various, already articulated phenomenological approaches and positions. And I would talk too about phenomenology’s outer horizons, that is, about new areas indicated for phenomenological reflection by already existing analyses, including and especially those areas that bring phenomenology into contact with other philosophical approaches and other disciplines. So, “horizons” I could have dealt with. But “landscape”?
Grenzprobleme of Phenomenology: Metaphysics
Authors: Crowell Steven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the publication of theHusserlianaseries and Heidegger’sGesamtausgabeboth nearing completion, a strikingly different picture of their work than was available to earlier generations is emerging. It has become quite clear that phenomenological philosophy is not a fixed “system” but an ongoing philosophical practice that has much to contribute to debates in contemporary philosophy generally. It would be impossible here to canvass all the “horizons” of phenomenology that this situation has opened up, so in this chapter I will focus on one issue that Husserl considered to be aGrenzproblemof his phenomenology, namely, the relation between transcendental-phenomenological method (the “reduction”) and metaphysics. Section 1 presents an overview of my understanding of transcendental phenomenology as concerned specifically with clarifying issues of normatively structured meaning (Sinn). Section 2 argues that transcendental phenomenology is metaphysically neutral and considers an ambiguity in Husserl’sIdeasI that suggests the possibility that it is actually a metaphysical idealism – specifically, the claim that real things “depend” on consciousness for their existence. Section 3 takes up three accounts of this dependence-question and argues that only one of them takes full account of Husserl’s own views on metaphysics. Finally, in section 4, I argue that Husserl’s metaphysical “monadology” is based on dialectical arguments rather than on phenomenological evidence, and I suggest that it thus becomes the antinomical mirror-image of Theodore Sider’s metaphysical realism.
Mast Cells and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Cancer
Authors: Ribatti Domenico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMast cells are involved in tumor growth and their mediators exert both pro- and anti-tumorigenic roles in different human cancers. The identification of defined immunosuppressive pathways that are present in the tumor microenvironment has pointed therapeutic strategies that may promote inflammation and/or innate immune activation in this context. Mast cells can contribute to the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and may also enhance anti-tumor responses. This review article is focused on the analysis of the mechanisms of the role of mast cells in resistance to immunotherapy in cancer.
A finite time extinction profile and optimal decay for a fast diffusive doubly nonlinear equation
Authors: Misawa Masashi , Nakamura Kenta , Sarkar Md Abu Hanif 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, we consider a fast diffusive type doubly nonlinear parabolic equation and study the extinction behavior of a solution at a finite time. We show the complete extinction of a weak solution with a nonnegative initial datum, that is, a weak solution is positive before a finite time and vanishes after it, and derive the optimal decay estimates of extinction. Our key ingredient of the proof is a nonlinear intrinsic scaling and the expansion of positivity.