bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children with maltreatment exposure exhibit rumination‐like spontaneous thought patterns: association with symptoms of depression, subcallosal cingulate cortex thickness, and cortisol levels
Authors: Hoffmann Ferdinand , Linz Roman , Steinbeis Nikolaus , Bauer Martin , Dammering Felix , Lazarides Claudia , Klawitter Heiko , Bentz Lea , Entringer Sonja , Winter Sibylle M. , Buss Claudia , Heim Christine 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is associated with pervasive risk for depression. However, the immediate cognitive and neural mechanisms that mediate this risk during development are unknown. We here studied the impact of maltreatment on self‐generated thought (SGT) patterns and their association with depressive symptoms, subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) thickness, and cortisol levels in children.MethodsWe recruited 183 children aged 6–12 years, 96 of which were exposed to maltreatment. Children performed a mind wandering task to elicit SGTs. A subgroup of children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (N = 155) for SCC thickness analyses and saliva collection for quantification of free cortisol concentrations (N = 126) was collected. Using network analysis, we assessed thought networks and compared these networks between children with and without maltreatment exposure. Using multilevel analyses, we then tested the association between thought networks of children with maltreatment exposure with depressive symptoms, SCC thickness, and cortisol levels.ResultsChildren exposed to maltreatment generated fewer positively valenced thoughts. Network analysis revealed rumination‐like thought patterns in children with maltreatment exposure, which were associated with depressive symptoms, SCC thickness, and cortisol levels. Children with maltreatment exposure further exhibited decreased future‐self thought coupling, which was associated with depressive symptoms, while other‐related and past‐oriented thoughts had the greatest importance within the network.ConclusionsUsing a novel network analytic approach, we provide evidence that children exposed to maltreatment exhibit ruminative clustering of thoughts, which is associated with depressive symptoms and neurobiological correlates of depression. Our results provide a specific target for clinical translation to design early interventions for middle childhood. Targeting thought patterns in children with maltreatment exposure may be an effective strategy to effectively mitigate depression risk early in life.
Hepatitis C treatment and long‐term outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection
Authors: Cheng Hou‐Ying , Hu Rey‐Heng , Hsiao Chih‐Yang , Ho Ming‐Chih , Wu Yao‐Ming , Lee Po‐Huang , Ho Cheng‐Maw 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to investigate the survival outcomes of antiviral agents (direct‐acting antivirals [DAAs] or interferon [IFN]) in patients with hepatitis C virus who underwent liver resection for primary hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study included 247 patients, between 2013 and 2020, being treated with DAAs (n = 93), IFN (n = 73), or no treatment (n = 81). Overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and risk factors were analyzed.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up time of 50.4 months, the rates of 5‐year OS and RFS in the IFN, DAA, and no treatment groups were 91.5% and 55.4%, 87.2% and 39.8%, and 60.9% and 26.7%, respectively. One hundred and twenty‐eight (51.6%) patients developed recurrence; recurrence was mostly (86.7%) intrahepatic, and 58 (23.4%) developed early recurrence, most of which received no antiviral treatment. The OS and RFS were similar between patients who received antiviral treatment before (50.0%) and after surgery, but longer survival was observed in patients achieving sustained virologic response. In multivariate analysis, antiviral treatment was protective for OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.475, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.242–0.933) with significance but not RFS, in contrast to microvascular invasion (OS HR 3.389, 95% CI: 1.637–7.017; RFS HR 2.594, 95% CI: 1.520–4.008). In competing risk analysis, DAAs (subdistribution HR 0.086, 95% CI: 0.007–0.991) were protective against hepatic decompensation events but not recurrence events.ConclusionIn patients with hepatitis C virus, antiviral treatment suggested OS benefit for primary hepatocellular carcinoma after resection, and DAAs might be protective against hepatic decompensation. Following adjustment for oncological factors, IFN and DAA treatment was not significantly advantageous relative to the other.
Physical activity, quality of diet and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ratajczak‐Pawłowska Alicja E. , Michalak Michał , Szymczak‐Tomczak Aleksandra , Rychter Anna Maria , Zawada Agnieszka , Skoracka Kinga , Dobrowolska Agnieszka , Krela‐Kaźmierczak Iwona 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to find an association between moderate, vigorous and total physical activity (PA); diet quality; and bone mineral density (BMD) among patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsWe enrolled 54 IBD patients, including those with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and 24 healthy adults. All subjects completed the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviour based on which prohealthy and nonhealthy diet indexes were calculated, and the questionnaire included questions from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Prohealthy and nonhealthy diet indexes were divided into low‐, medium‐ and high scores. BMD and T‐ and Z‐scores of the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and femoral neck (FN) were assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry method.ResultsBMD, T‐ and Z‐scores of the FN and the Z‐score of L1–L4 were significantly lower among patients with CD and UC than healthy controls. We did not find any differences in the time of PA among CD, UC and control groups (CG). The prohealthy diet index was higher among healthy subjects than the CD and UC groups. The nonhealthy diet index was lower among UC patients compared with the CG or CD patients. Prohealthy diet index positively correlated with BMD and T‐ and Z‐scores of L1–L4 and FN in IBD. The prohealthy diet index correlated negatively with C‐reactive protein and positively with body mass index. The prohealthy diet index correlated only with total PA in the CD group.ConclusionA well‐balanced diet and proper PA may decrease the risk of osteoporosis in IBD, so education of patients referring to nutrition and PA is needed.
Treatment of acne in the aesthetic patient: A round table update
Authors: Fabi Sabrina Guillen , Beleznay Katie , Berson Diane S. , Cohen Joel L. , Lee Sandra , Dayan Steven H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe popularity of social media appears to be increasing the acceptance of cosmetic treatments, prompting more consumers to seek cosmetic treatments. As the estimated prevalence of acne vulgaris among adult women may be as high as 54%, acne is commonly observed among patients presenting for cosmetic treatments. Concomitant treatment of acne in the aesthetic patient population will improve overall clinical outcomes.AimsThe goal of this work was to deliver a high‐quality ethical and evidence‐based educational program to physicians and adjunctive health care providers to advance patient care.MethodsThis paper is based on a webcam presentation with roundtable discussion by several notable experts in their field.ResultsA range of topical medications, injectable products, chemical peels, and energy‐based devices are available for treating acne vulgaris. In most instances, these are compatible with rejuvenation procedures in the aesthetic patient.ConclusionThe growth of social media is raising awareness of aesthetic procedures and appears to be increasing the number of patients seeking aesthetic treatment. Educating patients about the importance of treating acne vulgaris can improve overall treatment outcomes. In most instances, the presence of acne is not a barrier to aesthetic care.
Dietary omega‐3 fatty acids in the management of feline periodontal disease: What is the evidence?
Authors: Magalhães Tomás R. , Corbee Ronald J. , Queiroga Felisbina L. , Lourenço Ana L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPeriodontal disease is an oral disorder with high prevalence in cats from 2 years of age, resulting from an inflammatory response against bacterial plaque. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and may include dental scaling, local application of perioceutics, tissue regeneration and/or even tooth extraction and periodontal surgery. As multimodal therapy is often required, new strategies have been developed to improve the therapeutic response in these patients. Adjuvant use of omega‐3 fatty acids has been reported in humans with periodontal disease, but the current evidence of its effect in companion animals, especially cats, is still considered to be scarce and conflicting. This review describes the state of the art regarding feline periodontal disease and seeks to clarify the potential effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on its clinical management in light of the evidence available in the current literature.
Detection of preceding sleep apnea using ECG spectrogram during CPAP titration night: A novel machine‐learning and bag‐of‐features framework
Authors: Linh Tran Thanh Duy , Trang Nguyen Thi Hoang , Lin Shang‐Yang , Wu Dean , Liu Wen‐Te , Hu Chaur‐Jong 
Published: July 2023

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a heavy health‐related burden on patients and the healthcare system. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective in treating OSA, but adherence to it is often inadequate. A promising solution is to detect sleep apnea events in advance, and to adjust the pressure accordingly, which could improve the long‐term use of CPAP treatment. The use of CPAP titration data may reflect a similar response of patients to therapy at home. Our study aimed to develop a machine‐learning algorithm using retrospective electrocardiogram (ECG) data and CPAP titration to forecast sleep apnea events before they happen. We employed a support vector machine (SVM), k‐nearest neighbour (KNN), decision tree (DT), and linear discriminative analysis (LDA) to detect sleep apnea events 30–90 s in advance. Preprocessed 30 s segments were time–frequency transformed to spectrograms using continuous wavelet transform, followed by feature generation using the bag‐of‐features technique. Specific frequency bands of 0.5–50 Hz, 0.8–10 Hz, and 8–50 Hz were also extracted to detect the most detected band. Our results indicated that SVM outperformed KNN, LDA, and DT across frequency bands and leading time segments. The 8–50 Hz frequency band gave the best accuracy of 98.2%, and a F1‐score of 0.93. Segments 60 s before sleep events seemed to exhibit better performance than other pre‐OSA segments. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of detecting sleep apnea events in advance using only a single‐lead ECG signal at CPAP titration, making our proposed framework a novel and promising approach to managing obstructive sleep apnea at home.
Dietary conditioning on aphids and conspecific eggs in the ladybirdMenochilus sexmaculatusFabricius influences cannibalistic food choices in subsequent generations
Authors: Yadav T. , Omkar  , Mishra G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMenochilus sexmaculatus, a generalist aphidophagous ladybird beetle, is one of the potential biocontrol agents of multiple aphid species. This beetle exhibits cannibalism among different life stages. A laboratory experiment was conducted by conditioning the larvae and adults on their natural prey that is aphids, or the conspecific eggs for five generations to assess whether cannibalism was affected by prior cannibalistic experiences or not. Adults of the fifth generation were provided with a choice of aphids and eggs. The time of first prey encounter and prey first encountered along with latency to consume prey and prey first consumed were recorded. Non‐cannibalistic individuals preferred aphids over eggs, while cannibalistic individuals showed no preference. The time of first prey encounter and consumption were similar for aphids and eggs irrespective of the diet they were reared on. To assess the long‐term effects, offspring developmental duration and body weight were recorded across generations. Similar developmental duration of immature stages was recorded in the first and second generations of cannibalistic and non‐cannibalistic lines; however, prolonged developmental duration was recorded in cannibalistic lines when compared with non‐cannibalistic ones of later generations. Offspring of later generations developed faster in both lines. The offspring body weight of the second and fourth generations of both lines was found to be similar. However, a decline in body weight was recorded in cannibalistic offspring of the first, third and fifth generations when compared with non‐cannibalistic ones. A decline in the body weight of offspring across generations was observed in both lines. The findings suggest thatM. sexmaculatusrearing diet influences its preference for prey and that long‐term dietary conditioning can affect different fitness components. This could potentially reduce their effectiveness in biocontrol.
Axon guidance molecules in liver pathology: Journeys on a damaged passport
Authors: Chicherova Ievgeniia , Hernandez Charlotte , Mann Fanny , Zoulim Fabien , Parent Romain 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe liver is an innervated organ that develops a variety of chronic liver disease (CLD). Axon guidance cues (AGCs), of which ephrins, netrins, semaphorins and slits are the main representative, are secreted or membrane‐bound proteins that can attract or repel axons through interactions with their growth cones that contain receptors recognizing these messengers. While fundamentally implicated in the physiological development of the nervous system, the expression of AGCs can also be reinduced under acute or chronic conditions, such as CLD, that necessitate redeployment of neural networks.MethodsThis review considers the ad hoc literature through the neglected canonical neural function of these proteins that is also applicable to the diseased liver (and not solely their observed parenchymal impact).ResultsAGCs impact fibrosis regulation, immune functions, viral/host interactions, angiogenesis, and cell growth, both at the CLD and HCC levels. Special attention has been paid to distinguishing correlative and causal data in such datasets in order to streamline data interpretation. While hepatic mechanistic insights are to date limited, bioinformatic evidence for the identification of AGCs mRNAs positive cells, protein expression, quantitative regulation, and prognostic data have been provided. Liver‐pertinent clinical studies based on the US Clinical Trials database are listed. Future research directions derived from AGC targeting are proposed.ConclusionThis review highlights frequent implication of AGCs in CLD, linking traits of liver disorders and the local autonomic nervous system. Such data should contribute to diversifying current parameters of patient stratification and our understanding of CLD.
Transcriptome features of stone cell development in weevil‐resistant and susceptible Sitka spruce
Authors: Whitehill Justin G. A. , Yuen Macaire M. S. , Chiang Angela , Ritland Carol E. , Bohlmann Jörg 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Stone cells are a specialized, highly lignified cell type found in both angiosperms and gymnosperms. In conifers, abundance of stone cells in the cortex provides a robust constitutive physical defense against stem feeding insects. Stone cells are a major insect‐resistance trait in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), occurring in dense clusters in apical shoots of trees resistant (R) to spruce weevil (Pissodes strobi) but being rare in susceptible (S) trees.
To learn more about molecular mechanisms of stone cell formation in conifers, we used laser microdissection and RNA sequencing to develop cell‐type‐specific transcriptomes of developing stone cells from R and S trees. Using light, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence microscopy, we also visualized the deposition of cellulose, xylan, and lignin associated with stone cell development.
A total of 1293 genes were differentially expressed at higher levels in developing stone cells relative to cortical parenchyma. Genes with potential roles in stone cell secondary cell wall formation (SCW) were identified and their expression evaluated over a time course of stone cell formation in R and S trees.
The expression of several transcriptional regulators was associated with stone cell formation, including a NAC family transcription factor and several genes annotated as MYB transcription factors with known roles in SCW formation.
Revisiting Pontoppidan: Sentiment analysis and topic modelling on ‘Eagle's Flight’
Authors: Vlachos Evgenios , Husen Kamilla Jensen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOur aim is to examine the evolution of Henrik Pontoppidan's authorship by comparing the five different editions that exist of his short story ‘Eagle's Flight’ (‘Ørneflugt’), as well as enriching the understanding of the story. We attempt to validate the existing views of ‘Eagle's Flight’ based on classic literary analysis (qualitative part) by approaching them from a different perspective, that of digital text analysis (quantitative part). The digital analysis focuses on sentiment analysis and topic modelling as ways of discovering differences in the same story across different versions. We have chosen this story as it is relatively easy and quite fast to read, allowing the reader to validate (or not) the output of the machine learning algorithms on their own. We test whether these techniques can be applied in a Danish literature context, and how they further contribute to the analysis and understanding of the literature. Our findings suggest that the methods complement each other and point in the same direction, that Pontoppidan has changed his way of writing during the time of the authorship from a Romantic towards a more Pragmatic style. Our approach can be applied to the works of any author.
Psoas Major Swelling Grade Affects the Clinical Outcomes after OLIF: A Retrospective Study of 89 Patients
Authors: Song Zefeng , Chen Wanyan , Zhu Guangye , Chen Xingda , Zhou Zelin , Zhang Peng , Lin Shaohao , Wang Xiaowen , Yu Xiang , Ren Hui , Liang De , Cui Jianchao , Jiang Xiaobing , Tang Jingjing 
Published: July 2023

ObjectsOblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) has gained increasing popularity recently. However, complications resulting from intraoperative retraction of psoas major (PM) sometimes occur. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of PM swelling by developing a scoring system called the Psoas Major Swelling Grade (PMSG), and to investigate the correlation between the PMSG and clinical outcomes after OLIF.MethodsPatients who underwent L4‐5 OLIF at our hospital from May 2019 to May 2021 were reviewed and all data were recorded. The extent of postoperative PM swelling was determined by calculating the percentage of change in the PM area before and after surgery on MRI and divided into three grades subsequently. Swelling within the range of 0% to 25% was defined as grade I, 25%–50% was grade II, and more than 50% was grade III. All patients were grouped into the new grade system and followed up for at least 1 year, during which the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were recorded. Categorical data were analyzed using chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests, while continuous variables were assessed with one‐way ANOVA and paired t‐tests.ResultsEighty‐nine consecutive patients were enrolled in this study, with a mean follow‐up duration of 16.9 months. The proportion of female patients in the PMSG I, II, and III groups was 57.1%, 58.3%, and 84.1%, respectively (p = 0.024). Furthermore, the total complication rate was 43.2% in the PMSG III group, significantly higher than 9.5% and 20.8% in the PMSG I and II groups (p = 0.012). The incidence of thigh paraesthesia was also considerably higher in the PMSG III group at 34.1% (p = 0.015), compared to 9.5% and 8.3% in the PMSG I and II groups. Among the patients, 12.4% exhibited a teardrop‐shaped PM, with the majority (90.9%) belonging to the PMSG III group (p = 0.012). Additionally, the PMSG III group demonstrated a higher estimated blood loss (p = 0.007) and significantly worse clinical scores at the 1‐week follow‐up assessment (p < 0.001).ConclusionPM swelling adversely affects the OLIF prognosis. Female patients with teardrop‐shaped PM are more likely to develop swelling after OLIF. A higher PMSG is associated with a higher complication rate of thigh pain or numbness and worse short‐term clinical outcomes.
Do Conditional Cash Transfers Reduce Fertility? Nationwide Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Parker Susan W. , Ryu Soomin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConditional cash transfer (CCT) programs, which link transfers to investment in human capital in poor families, have spread around the world over the past two decades. This paper studies the medium‐term effects of Progresa, the pioneering Mexican CCT program, on fertility using nationwide vital statistics combined with administrative data on program receipt. The effects of CCTs are likely to vary by age of the woman, and we study impacts by five‐year age intervals. We test and account for possible underreporting of births using indirect methods. We find that Progresa led to an important and statistically significant decline in teenage fertility and smaller, but still significant, effects on reducing the fertility of older women.