bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiation and growth of edge cracks after shear cutting of dual-phase steel
Authors: Khalilabad Mahdi Masoumi , Perdahcıoğlu Semih , Atzema Eisso , Boogaard Ton van den 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDual-phase steels suffer from low edge ductility, which limits their formability. In this study, an in-plane bending test is used to investigate the initiation and evolution of edge cracks. The edges of samples were prepared by shear cutting and afterwards further deformed by the in-plane bending test. Void distribution and non-uniform plastic deformation were explored with the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis and microhardness measurement in different regions of the material edge. The extent of micro-cracks was revealed by microcomputed tomography (µCT) scan. The result shows that the blanking process creates inhomogeneous void distribution in the thickness direction. As the deformation increases during the subsequent in-plane bending test, the micro-cracks initiate at the burr region and grow towards the rollover region. Once they entirely pass the thickness of the material, they grow further, away from the edge. High roughness, plastic deformation, and void volume fraction were observed at the burr region, triggering crack initiation. The in-plane bending test successfully distinguished the dominant mechanism behind edge cracking.
Metal matrix composite fabricated from electrospun PAN, EGNS/PAN nanofibers and AL 5049 alloy by using friction stir processing
Authors: Abdelhady Saleh S. , Elbadawi Rehab E. , Zoalfakar Said H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work is an attempt to fabricate aluminum (AA 5049) matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and consisting of exfoliated graphite nanosheets (EGNS/PAN) by utilizing friction stir processing (FSP) to improve the mechanical characteristics of AA 5049. The electrospinning method was used for fabricating PAN and EGNS/PAN nanofibers. The average diameter of the electrospun PAN nanofibers is 195 ± 57 nm, and after EGNS incorporation is 180 ± 68 nm. Dynamic recrystallization was the main process in the microstructure evolution of the stir zone during the FSP with PAN and EGNS/PAN nanofibers. According to PAN and EGNS/PAN nanofibers were used in the FSP procedure, the grain size reduced as a result of the pinning effects. PAN and EGNS/PAN nanofiber reinforcement enhanced the hardness to 89 and 98 Hv, respectively. Also, the ultimate tensile strength was raised to 291 MPa and 344 MPa, respectively. Tensile strength and hardness of the stir zone increased during the FSP with PAN and EGNS/PAN nanofibers due to the higher density of the strengthening mechanisms of grain boundaries and dislocations. The mechanical characteristics of AA5049 can be enhanced by the procedure of incorporating nanofibers, making them an ideal choice for applications in the automotive and aerospace industries.
Outcomes of Patients with an Intermediate‐Risk Group According to the Japanese Risk Classification of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Horiuchi Kiyomi , Fujimoto Mikiko , Hidenori Kamio , Yoshida Yusaku , Noguchi Eiichiro , Omi Yoko , Okamoto Takahiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe management of intermediate‐risk group of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is still vague, particularly regarding whether or not total thyroidectomy, postoperative radioactive iodine ablation (RAI‐a), and postoperative TSH suppression are mandatory.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated 680 PTC patients from 2010 to 2017, who were classified into the three risk groups as low, intermediate, and high‐risk groups according to the criteria of the Japanese Association of Endocrine Surgeons (JAES) 2010 and underwent surgery according to the JAES guidelines. We retrospectively collected patient data for analyses of disease‐free survivals in the intermediate‐risk group patients.ResultsWe performed surgery on 680 PTC patients from 2010 to 2017. Of them, 297 were classified as the intermediate‐risk group. DFS was not statistically significantly different in patients with/without total thyroidectomy and postoperative TSH suppression therapy. For RAI‐a, DFS (95% confidence interval) at 3, 5, and 8 years were 93.2% (84.6 ~ 97.2), 81.6% (68,3 ~ 90.2), and 70.7% (51.4 ~ 84.6) in patients with postoperative RAI‐a and 100%, 100%, and 100% in patients without postoperative RAI‐a after total thyroidectomy, respectively. DFS of patients without RAI‐a was superior to those with RAI‐a (P < 0.0004). Multivariable analysis by stepwise selection method revealed that postoperative RAI‐a was a risk factor with a hazard ratio of 5.69. (95% CI 1.998–16.21) (P = 0.001131).ConclusionsOur study did not show the efficacy of RAI‐a in patients with intermediate‐risk PTC. This study implies that judging the efficacy of adjuvant therapy such as RAI or TSh suppression in intermediate‐risk patients is difficult.
Yeast of Eden: microbial resistance to glyphosate from a yeast perspective
Authors: Patriarcheas Dionysios , Momtareen Taizina , Gallagher Jennifer E. G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFirst marketed as RoundUp, glyphosate is history’s most popular herbicide because of its low acute toxicity to metazoans and broad-spectrum effectiveness across plant species. The development of glyphosate-resistant crops has led to increased glyphosate use and consequences from the use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH). Glyphosate has entered the food supply, spurred glyphosate-resistant weeds, and exposed non-target organisms to glyphosate. Glyphosate targets EPSPS/AroA/Aro1 (orthologs across plants, bacteria, and fungi), the rate-limiting step in the production of aromatic amino acids from the shikimate pathway. Metazoans lacking this pathway are spared from acute toxicity and acquire their aromatic amino acids from their diet. However, glyphosate resistance is increasing in non-target organisms. Mutations and natural genetic variation discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae illustrate similar types of glyphosate resistance mechanisms in fungi, plants, and bacteria, in addition to known resistance mechanisms such as mutations in Aro1 that block glyphosate binding (target-site resistance (TSR)) and mutations in efflux drug transporters non-target-site resistance (NTSR). Recently, genetic variation and mutations in an amino transporter affecting glyphosate resistance have uncovered potential off-target effects of glyphosate in fungi and bacteria. While glyphosate is a glycine analog, it is transported into cells using an aspartic/glutamic acid (D/E) transporter. The size, shape, and charge distribution of glyphosate closely resembles D/E, and, therefore, glyphosate is a D/E amino acid mimic. The mitochondria use D/E in several pathways and mRNA-encoding mitochondrial proteins are differentially expressed during glyphosate exposure. Mutants downstream of Aro1 are not only sensitive to glyphosate but also a broad range of other chemicals that cannot be rescued by exogenous supplementation of aromatic amino acids. Glyphosate also decreases the pH when unbuffered and many studies do not consider the differences in pH that affect toxicity and resistance mechanisms.
The influence of distribution, severity and volume of posttraumatic bone bruise on functional outcome after ACL reconstruction for isolated ACL injuries
Authors: Mester Bastian , Kröpil Patric , Ohmann Tobias , Schleich Christoph , Güthoff Claas , Praetorius Arthur , Dudda Marcel , Schoepp Christian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Posttraumatic MRI of ACL tears show a high prevalence of bone bruise (BB) without macroscopic proof of chondral damage. Controversial results are described concerning the association between BB and outcome after ACL tear. Aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of distribution, severity and volume of BB in isolated ACL injuries on function, quality of life and muscle strength following ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Materials and Methods
MRI of n = 122 patients treated by ACLR without concomitant pathologies were evaluated. BB was differentiated by four localizations: medial/lateral femoral condyle (MFC/LFC) and medial/lateral tibial plateau (MTP/LTP). Severity was graded according to Costa-Paz. BB volumes of n = 46 patients were quantified (software-assisted volumetry). Outcome was measured by Lysholm Score (LS), Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), IKDC, isokinetics and SF-36. Measurements were conducted preoperatively (t0), 6 weeks (t1), 26 weeks (t2) and 52 weeks (t3) after ACLR.

Results
The prevalence of BB was 91.8%. LTP was present in 91.8%, LFC 64.8%, MTP 49.2% and MFC 28.7%. 18.9% were classified Costa-Paz I, 58.2% II and 14.8% III. Total BB volume was 21.84 ± 15.27 cm3, the highest value for LTP (14.31 ± 9.93 cm3). LS/TAS/IKDC/SF-36/isokinetics improved significantly between t0–t3 (p < 0.001). Distribution, severity and volume had no influence on LS/TAS/IKDC/SF-36/isokinetics (n.s.).

Conclusions
No impact of BB after ACLR on function, quality of life and objective muscle strength was shown, unaffected by concomitant pathologies. Previous data regarding prevalence and distribution is confirmed. These results help surgeons counselling patients regarding the interpretation of extensive BB findings. Long-time follow-up studies are mandatory to evaluate an impact of BB on knee function due to secondary arthritis.
The transposable element-derived transcript of LIN28B has a placental origin and is not specific to tumours
Authors: Lynch-Sutherland Chiemi F. , McDougall Lorissa I. , Stockwell Peter A. , Almomani Suzan N. , Weeks Robert J. , Ludgate Jackie L. , Gamage Teena K. J. B. , Chatterjee Aniruddha , James Joanna L. , Eccles Michael R. , Macaulay Erin C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are genetic elements that have evolved as crucial regulators of human development and cancer, functioning as both genes and regulatory elements. When TEs become dysregulated in cancer cells, they can serve as alternate promoters to activate oncogenes, a process known as onco-exaptation. This study aimed to explore the expression and epigenetic regulation of onco-exaptation events in early human developmental tissues. We discovered co-expression of some TEs and oncogenes in human embryonic stem cells and first trimester and term placental tissues. Previous studies identified onco-exaptation events in various cancer types, including an AluJb SINE element–LIN28B interaction in lung cancer cells, and showed that the TE-derived LIN28B transcript is associated with poor patient prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. This study further characterized the AluJb–LIN28B transcript and confirmed that its expression is restricted to the placenta. Targeted DNA methylation analysis revealed differential methylation of the two LIN28B promoters between placenta and healthy somatic tissues, indicating that some TE–oncogene interactions are not cancer-specific but arise from the epigenetic reactivation of developmental TE-derived regulatory events. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that some TE–oncogene interactions are not limited to cancer and may originate from the epigenetic reactivation of TE-derived regulatory events that are involved in early development. These insights broaden our understanding of the role of TEs in gene regulation and suggest the potential importance of targeting TEs in cancer therapy beyond their conventional use as cancer-specific markers.
Year-round activity levels reveal diurnal foraging constraints in the annual cycle of migratory and non-migratory barnacle geese
Authors: Boom Michiel P. , Lameris Thomas K. , Schreven Kees H. T. , Buitendijk Nelleke H. , Moonen Sander , de Vries Peter P. , Zaynagutdinova Elmira , Nolet Bart A. , van der Jeugd Henk P. , Eichhorn Götz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerforming migratory journeys comes with energetic costs, which have to be compensated within the annual cycle. An assessment of how and when such compensation occurs is ideally done by comparing full annual cycles of migratory and non-migratory individuals of the same species, which is rarely achieved. We studied free-living migratory and resident barnacle geese belonging to the same flyway (metapopulation), and investigated when differences in foraging activity occur, and when foraging extends beyond available daylight, indicating a diurnal foraging constraint in these usually diurnal animals. We compared foraging activity of migratory (N = 94) and resident (N = 30) geese throughout the annual cycle using GPS-transmitters and 3D-accelerometers, and corroborated this with data on seasonal variation in body condition. Migratory geese were more active than residents during most of the year, amounting to a difference of over 370 h over an entire annual cycle. Activity differences were largest during the periods that comprised preparation for spring and autumn migration. Lengthening days during spring facilitated increased activity, which coincided with an increase in body condition. Both migratory and resident geese were active at night during winter, but migratory geese were also active at night before autumn migration, resulting in a period of night-time activity that was 6 weeks longer than in resident geese. Our results indicate that, at least in geese, seasonal migration requires longer daily activity not only during migration but throughout most of the annual cycle, with migrants being more frequently forced to extend foraging activity into the night.
BMO $$\varepsilon $$-regularity results for solutions to Legendre–Hadamard elliptic systems
Authors: Irving Christopher 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe will establish an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-regularity result for weak solutions to Legendre–Hadamard elliptic systems, under the a-priori assumption that the gradient $$\nabla u$$

∇
u

is small in $$\textrm{BMO}.$$

BMO
.

Focusing on the case of Euler–Lagrange systems to simplify the exposition, regularity results will be obtained up to the boundary, and global consequences will be explored. Extensions to general quasilinear elliptic systems and higher-order integrands is also discussed.
Multi-modal humor segment prediction in video
Authors: Yang Zekun , Nakashima Yuta , Takemura Haruo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHumor can be induced by various signals in the visual, linguistic, and vocal modalities emitted by humans. Finding humor in videos is an interesting but challenging task for an intelligent system. Previous methods predict humor in the sentence level given some text (e.g., speech transcript), sometimes together with other modalities, such as videos and speech. Such methods ignore humor caused by the visual modality in their design, since their prediction is made for a sentence. In this work, we first give new annotations to humor based on a sitcom by setting up temporal segments of ground truth humor derived from the laughter track. Then, we propose a method to find these temporal segments of humor. We adopt an approach based on sliding window, where the visual modality is described by pose and facial features along with the linguistic modality given as subtitles in each sliding window. We use long short-term memory networks to encode the temporal dependency in poses and facial features and pre-trained BERT to handle subtitles. Experimental results show that our method improves the performance of humor prediction.
Quantifying uncertainties related to observational datasets used as reference for regional climate model evaluation over complex topography — a case study for the wettest year 2010 in the Carpathian region
Authors: Kalmár Tímea , Kristóf Erzsébet , Hollós Roland , Pieczka Ildikó , Pongrácz Rita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGridded observational datasets are often used for the evaluation of regional climate model (RCM) simulations. However, the uncertainty of observations affects the evaluation. This work introduces a novel method to quantify the uncertainties in the observational datasets and how these uncertainties affect the evaluation of RCM simulations. Besides precipitation and temperature, our method uses geographic variables (e.g. elevation, variability of elevation, effect of station), which are considered as uncertainty sources. To assess these uncertainties, a complex analysis based on various statistical tools, e.g. correlation analysis and permutation test, was carried out. Furthermore, we used a special metric, the reduction of error (RE) to identify where the RCM shows improvement compared to the lateral boundary conditions (LBCs). We focused on the Carpathian region, because of its unique orographic and climatic conditions. The method is applied to two observational datasets (CarpatClim and E-OBS) and to RegCM simulations for 2010, the wettest year in this region since 1901.The results show that CarpatClim is wetter than E-OBS, while temperature is similar over the lowland; however, E-OBS is significantly warmer than CarpatClim over the mountains. By the RE metric, RegCM has improvement against the LBCs over mountains for temperature and areas with dense station network for precipitation. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in the results depending on which observational dataset was used concerning precipitation. The evaluation method can be applied to other datasets, different time periods and areas. It is also suitable to find dataset errors, which is also exemplified in this paper.
Cryotherapy and pain intensity during endodontic treatment of mandibular first permanent molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elheeny Ahmad Abdel Hamid , Sermani Dania Ibrahem , Saliab Esteer Azer , Turky Mohammed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of cryotherapy application after inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) administration of the mandibular first permanent molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) in adolescence. The secondary outcome was to compare the need for supplemental intraligamentary injection (ILI).

Materials and methods
The study was designed as a randomized clinical trial including 152 participants aged from 10 to 17 years who were randomly assigned to two equal groups; cryotherapy plus IANB (intervention group) and the control group (conventional INAB). Both groups received 3.6 mL of 4% articaine. For the intervention group, ice packs were applied in the buccal vestibule of the mandibular first permanent molar for 5 min. Endodontic procedures started after 20 min for efficiently anesthetized teeth. The intraoperative pain intensity was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The Mann–Whitney (U) and chi-square tests were applied to analyze data. The significance level was set to 0.05.

Results
There was a significant reduction in the overall intraoperative VAS mean in the cryotherapy group compared to that in the control group (p = 0.004). The success rate was significantly higher in the cryotherapy group (59.2%) compared to the control group (40.8%). The frequency of extra ILI was 50% and 67.1% in the cryotherapy and control groups, respectively (p = 0.032).

Conclusions
The cryotherapy application boosted the efficacy of pulpal anesthesia of the mandibular first permanent molars with SIP in patients below the age of 18 years. Additional anesthesia was still necessary for optimal control over pain.

Clinical relevance
Pain control during endodontic treatment of primary molars with irreversible pulpitis (IP) is a significant factor in a child’s behavior in the dental office. Although the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most commonly used technique to anaesthetize mandibular dentition, we found its success rate to be relatively low during endodontic treatment of primary molars with IP. Cryotherapy is a new approach that significantly improves the efficacy of IANB.

Clinical trial registration
The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (reference no. NCT05267847).
Transition Regret and Detransition: Meanings and Uncertainties
Authors: Jorgensen Sarah C. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGender transition is undertaken to improve the well-being of people suffering from gender dysphoria. However, some have argued that the evidence supporting medical interventions for gender transition (e.g., hormonal therapies and surgery) is weak and inconclusive, and an increasing number of people have come forward recently to share their experiences of transition regret and detransition. In this essay, I discuss emerging clinical and research issues related to transition regret and detransition with the aim of arming clinicians with the latest information so they can support patients navigating the challenges of regret and detransition. I begin by describing recent changes in the epidemiology of gender dysphoria, conceptualization of transgender identification, and models of care. I then discuss the potential impact of these changes on regret and detransition; the prevalence of desistance, regret, and detransition; reasons for detransition; and medical and mental healthcare needs of detransitioners. Although recent data have shed light on a complex range of experiences that lead people to detransition, research remains very much in its infancy. Little is known about the medical and mental healthcare needs of these patients, and there is currently no guidance on best practices for clinicians involved in their care. Moreover, the term detransition can hold a wide array of possible meanings for transgender-identifying people, detransitioners, and researchers, leading to inconsistences in its usage. Moving forward, minimizing harm will require conducting robust research, challenging fundamental assumptions, scrutinizing of practice patterns, and embracing debate.
Agreement between 4D transesophageal echocardiography and multi-detector computed tomography in measuring aortic root dimensions and coronary ostia heights
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Abdrabou Mostafa M. , Wahba Wasseem Amin , Samaan Amir Anwar , Baghdady Yasser , Elamragy Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMulti-detector computed tomography (MDCT) is the gold standard non-invasive tool for evaluating aortic root dimensions. We assessed the agreement between 4D TEE and MDCT-derived aortic valve annular dimensions, coronary ostia height, and minor dimensions of sinuses of Valsalva (SoV) and sinotubular junction (STJ). In this prospective analytical study, we measured the annular area, annular perimeter, area-derived diameter, area-derived perimeter, left and right coronary ostial heights, and minor diameters of the SoV and the STJ using ECG-gated MDCT and 4D TEE. TEE measurements were calculated semi-automatically by the eSie valve software. We enrolled 43 adult patients (27 males, median age: 46 years). We found strong correlations and good agreement between the two modalities in annular dimensions (area, perimeter, area-derived diameter, and perimeter-derived diameter), left coronary ostial height, minimum STJ diameter, and minimum SoV diameters. Moderate correlations, and agreement, with relatively large differences between the 95% LOA, were demonstrated for the right coronary artery ostial height. 4D TEE correlates well with MDCT in measuring aortic annular dimensions, coronary ostial height, SoV minor diameter, and sinotubular junction minor diameter. Whether this can affect clinical outcomes is unknown. It could replace MDCT if the latter is unavailable or contraindicated.