bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the capability approach to Indigenous People’s health and well-being: protocol for a mixed-methods scoping review
Authors: van der Boor Catharina , Molina-Bulla Carlos Iván , Chiumento Anna , White Ross G 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIndigenous Peoples are subject to marginalisation, and experience systematic disadvantage in relation to health outcomes. Human development initiatives may help determine whether, and how, Indigenous Peoples are able to be agents of their own development and improve their health and well-being. This scoping review protocol outlines a process for synthesising the existing evidence that has applied the capability approach (CA) to Indigenous People’s health and/or well-being.Methods and analysisA mixed-method scoping review is proposed including academic peer-reviewed publications and grey literature. Screening inclusion criteria will include Indigenous populations, using the CA approach to conceptualise health and/or well-being, and be available in English, Spanish, French or Portuguese. Publications that meet these criteria will undergo data extraction. Qualitative and quantitative data will be thematically and descriptively analysed and interpreted.Ethics and disseminationThe proposed scoping review does not involve collecting data directly from Indigenous Peoples but will be based on previous research conducted within Indigenous settings. The current protocol and the proposed scoping review incorporate aspects of community involvement to guide the research process.This scoping review constitutes the first phase of a wider participatory action research project conducted with the Indigenous Kankuamo Peoples of Colombia. The findings of this review will be reported to local partners, published in a peer-reviewed journal and an executive summary will be shared with wider stakeholders. Within the wider project, the review will be considered alongside primary data to inform the development of tools/approaches of mental health and well-being for the Kankuamo communities.
Implementation and perceived impact of the SWAN model of end-of-life and bereavement care: a realist evaluation
Authors: Stewart-Lord Adele , Baillie Lesley , Green Laura , Murphy Fiona , Leary Alison 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the End-of-Life and Bereavement Care model (SWAN) from conception to current use.DesignA realist evaluation was conducted to understand what works for whom and in what circumstances. The programme theory, derived from a scoping review, comprised: person and family centred care, institutional approaches and infrastructure. Data were collected across three stages (May 2021 to December 2021): semi-structured, online interviews and analysis of routinely collected local and national data.SettingStage 1: Greater Manchester area of England where the SWAN model was developed and implemented. Stage 2: Midlands. Stage 3: National data.ParticipantsTwenty-three participants were interviewed: Trust SWAN leads, end-of-life care nurses, board members, bereavement services, faith leadership, quality improvement, medicine, nursing, patient transport, mortuary, police and coroners.ResultsResults from all three stages were integrated within themes, linked to the mechanisms, context and outcomes for the SWAN model. The mechanisms are: SWAN is a values-based model, promoting person/family-centred care and emphasising personhood after death. Key features are: memory-making, normalisation of death and ‘one chance’ to get things right. SWAN is an enablement and empowerment model for all involved. The branding is recognisable and raises the profile of end-of-life and bereavement care. The contextual factors for successful implementation and sustainability include leadership, organisational support, teamwork and integrated working, education and engagement and investment in resources and facilities. The outcomes are perceived to be: a consistent approach to end-of-life and bereavement care; a person/family-centred approach to care; empowered and creative staff; an organisational culture that prioritises end-of-life and bereavement care.ConclusionThe SWAN model is agile and has transferred to different settings and circumstances. This realist evaluation revealed the mechanisms of the SWAN model, the contextual factors supporting implementation and perceived outcomes for patients, families, staff and the organisation.
ETS Fight Club on Microsatellite Enhancers
Authors: Mercher Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Summary:In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Kodgule, Goldman, Monovichet al. cleverly analyzed the transcription regulatory elements to investigate why the second copy of ETV6 is often lost in ETV6::RUNX1-translocated in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). It turns out that ETV6 suppresses the enhancer activity of GGAA microsatellite repeats, preventing ERG from subverting them to activate aberrant oncogene transcription.See related article by Kodgule, Goldman, Monovich et al., p. 34 (5).
Ampliando as fontes: António Manuel Hespanha e a literatura jurídica portuguesa da Idade Moderna
Authors: Cabral Gustavo César Machado 
Published: December 2022

Este artigo pretende discutir algumas questões metodológicas nas obras de António Manuel Hespanha (1945-2019), particularmente no que se refere às fontes que devem ser utilizadas pelos historiadores do direito especializados na Idade Moderna. O foco principal será a literatura jurídica portuguesa moderna, uma espécie de fonte que foi bastante negligenciada durante os anos em que Hespanha escreveu os seus primeiros trabalhos de impacto. A fim de compreender esse ponto, dois textos foram relevantes para este estudo, nomeadamente “Para uma teoria da história institucional do Antigo Regime” (1984) e Como os juristas viam o mundo (2015), nenhum deles costumeiramente mencionados como trabalhos canônicos do autor.
Native and Post-Repair Residual Mitral Valve Prolapse Increases Forces Exerted on the Papillary Muscles: A Possible Mechanism for Localized Fibrosis?
Authors: Park Matthew H. , van Kampen Antonia , Melnitchouk Serguei , Wilkerson Robert J. , Nagata Yasufumi , Zhu Yuanjia , Wang Hanjay , Pandya Pearly K. , Morningstar Jordan E. , Borger Michael A. , Levine Robert A. , Woo Y. Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Recent studies have linked mitral valve prolapse to localized myocardial fibrosis, ventricular arrhythmia, and even sudden cardiac death independent of mitral regurgitation or hemodynamic dysfunction. The primary mechanistic theory is rooted in increased papillary muscle traction and forces due to prolapse, yet no biomechanical evidence exists showing increased forces. Our objective was to evaluate the biomechanical relationship between prolapse and papillary muscle forces, leveraging advances in ex vivo modeling and technologies. We hypothesized that mitral valve prolapse with limited hemodynamic dysfunction leads to significantly higher papillary muscle forces, which could be a possible trigger for cellular and electrophysiological changes in the papillary muscles and adjacent myocardium.

Methods:
We developed an ex vivo papillary muscle force transduction and novel neochord length adjustment system capable of modeling targeted prolapse. Using 3 unique ovine models of mitral valve prolapse (bileaflet or posterior leaflet prolapse), we directly measured hemodynamics and forces, comparing physiologic and prolapsing valves.

Results:
We found that bileaflet prolapse significantly increases papillary muscle forces by 5% to 15% compared with an optimally coapting valve, which are correlated with statistically significant decreases in coaptation length. Moreover, we observed significant changes in the force profiles for prolapsing valves when compared with normal controls.

Conclusions:
We discovered that bileaflet prolapse with the absence of hemodynamic dysfunction results in significantly elevated forces and altered dynamics on the papillary muscles. Our work suggests that the sole reduction of mitral regurgitation without addressing reduced coaptation lengths and thus increased leaflet surface area exposed to ventricular pressure gradients (ie, billowing leaflets) is insufficient for an optimal repair.
Changes and Mechanisms of Long-Lived Warm Blobs in the Northeast Pacific in Low-Warming Climates
Authors: Tang Cong , Shi Jian , Zhang Yu , Wang Shengpeng , Li Chun , Lu Riyu , Yu Tengfei , Wang Ruiqi , Chen Ziyan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the last decade, three persistent warm blob events (2013/14, 2015, and 2019/20) in the northeast Pacific (NEP) have been hotly debated given their substantial effects on climate, ecosystems, and the socioeconomy. This study investigates the changes of such long-lived NEP warm blobs in terms of their intensity, duration, structure, and occurrence frequency under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 119 and 126 low-warming scenarios of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Results show that the peak timing of the warm blobs shifts from the cold season to boreal summer. For the summer-peak warm blobs, their maximum intensity increases by 6.7% (10.0%) under the SSP119 (SSP126) scenario, but their duration reduces by 31.0% (20.4%) under the SSP119 (SSP126) scenario. In terms of their vertical structure, the most pronounced temperature signal is located at the surface, and their vertical penetration is mostly confined to the mixed layer, which becomes shallower in warming climates. Based on a mixed layer heat budget analysis, we reveal that a shoaling mixed layer depth plays a dominant role in driving the stronger intensity of the warm blobs under low-warming scenarios, while the stronger magnitude of ocean heat loss after their peaks explains the faster decay and thus shorter duration. Regarding occurrence frequency, the total number of the warm blobs does not change robustly in the low-warming climates. Following the summer peak of the warm blobs, extreme El Niño events may occur more frequently under the low-warming scenarios, possibly through stronger air–sea coupling induced by tropical Pacific southwesterly anomalies.
Student Preferences of Virtual and Live Learning Laboratory Experiences
Authors: Kelling Angela S. , Kelling Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2022

Background Given the increased emphasis on active learning in psychology, it is important to use data to enhance these experiences. In learning courses, both live animals and virtual training laboratories have been found to enhance learning, but less research has examined student preferences. Generally, live rats are preferred, but students may resist these experiences. Additionally, both laboratory types have drawbacks. Objective This study examined student preferences for learning laboratory experiences. Method The current study surveyed students to understand preferences between laboratory experiences and within a virtual program. Specifically, students were asked preference for species and between realistic and cartoon versions. Results Participants preferred live animals, but the difficulties of working with live animals may require the use of virtual laboratory programs. For those programs, students preferred realistic dogs. Additionally, based on these preferences a pilot program was designed and tested in a class. The students supported the inclusion of the program for similar classes and provided feedback for improvement. Conclusion Live animal laboratories are worthwhile when feasible, but well-designed virtual programs can be beneficial for engaging and impactful learning experiences. Teaching Implications Instructors should consider using live or virtual animal laboratories for psychology of learning courses.
Study on the effectiveness of modified colonoscopy nursing pads in colonoscopy
Authors: Bao Zhenfei , Hu Chunyan , Zhu Lei , Wang Weihong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the effect of modified colonoscopy nursing pads in colonoscopy.

Methods
A total of 262 subjects who underwent colonoscopy at our endoscopy center between September 1, 2021 and February 28, 2022 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 131 cases in each group. The control group used conventional nursing pads, while the experimental group used modified nursing pads. The success rate of the first correct position, the time spent by the nurse to guide the correct position, the bed unit contamination rate, the contamination rate of the operator's protective equipment, the privacy protection of the examinees and the satisfaction degree after the examination were compared between the two groups.

Results
The success rate of the first correct position of the examinees in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the time spent by the nurses to guide the correct position in the experimental group was less than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The bed unit contamination rate and operator's protective equipment contamination rate of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, and the satisfaction degree of the examinees was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The modified colonoscopy nursing pad can save the time of correct colonoscopy positioning of examinees, improve the efficiency of colonoscopy, reduce the workload of nursing staff, effectively protect the privacy of patients, reduce the bed unit contamination and protective equipment contamination, and then improve the comfort and satisfaction of patients.
Operative treatment of nonunions in the elderly: Clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients at minimum 75 years of age
Authors: van Trikt Clinton H. , Donders Johanna C. E. , Klinger Craig E. , Wellman David S. , Helfet David L. , Kloen Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background

Limited information exists on nonunion treatment in the elderly. This retrospective study evaluates whether results of operative treatment of nonunion of the humerus or femur in patients aged ≥ 75 years are comparable to those in younger patients.

Methods
We identified patients age ≥ 75 years with a nonunion of humerus or femur treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The Non-Union Scoring System was calculated. Complications, clinical outcome, and radiographic findings were assessed. Primary endpoint was nonunion healing. A literature review compared time to healing of humeral and femoral nonunion in younger populations.

Results
We identified 45 patients treated for a nonunion of humerus or femur with > 12 months follow-up. Median age was 79 years (range 75–96). Median time to presentation was 12 months (range 4–127) after injury, median number of prior surgeries was 1 (range 0–4). Union rate was 100%, with median time to union 6 months (range 2–42). Six patients underwent revision for persistent nonunion and healed without further complications.

Conclusions
Using a protocol of debridement, alignment, compression, stable fixation, bone grafting and early motion, patients aged 75 years or older can reliably achieve healing when faced with a nonunion of the humerus or femur.
Level of Evidence: IV.
Evolution of burnout and psychological distress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 1-year observational study
Authors: Cyr Samuel , Marcil Marie-Joelle , Houchi Cylia , Marin Marie-France , Rosa Camille , Tardif Jean-Claude , Guay Stéphane , Guertin Marie-Claude , Genest Christine , Forest Jacques , Lavoie Patrick , Labrosse Mélanie , Vadeboncoeur Alain , Selcer Shaun , Ducharme Simon , Brouillette Judith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Long-term psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers remain unknown. We aimed to determine the one-year progression of burnout and mental health since pandemic onset, and verify if protective factors against psychological distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (Cyr et al. in Front Psychiatry; 2021) remained associated when assessed several months later.

Methods
We used validated questionnaires (Maslach Burnout Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] Checklist for DSM-5 scales) to assess burnout and psychological distress in 410 healthcare workers from Quebec, Canada, at three and 12 months after pandemic onset. We then performed multivariable regression analyses to identify protective factors of burnout and mental health at 12 months. As the equivalent regression analyses at three months post-pandemic onset had already been conducted in the previous paper, we could compare the protective factors at both time points.

Results
Prevalence of burnout and anxiety were similar at three and 12 months (52% vs. 51%, p = 0.66; 23% vs. 23%, p = 0.91), while PTSD (23% vs. 11%, p < 0.0001) and depression (11% vs. 6%, p = 0.001) decreased significantly over time. Higher resilience was associated with a lower probability of all outcomes at both time points. Perceived organizational support remained significantly associated with a reduced risk of burnout at 12 months. Social support emerged as a protective factor against burnout at 12 months and persisted over time for studied PTSD, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusions
Healthcare workers’ occupational and mental health stabilized or improved between three and 12 months after the pandemic onset. The predominant protective factors against burnout remained resilience and perceived organizational support. For PTSD, anxiety and depression, resilience and social support were important factors over time.
Feasibility of conducting HIV prevention trials among key populations in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Mutisya Elizabeth Mueni , Muturi-Kioi Vincent , Abaasa Andrew , Nyasani Delvin , Kabuti Rhoda W. , Lunani Laura , Kotikot Timothy , Mundia Moses , Mutua Gaudensia , Ombati Geoffrey , Nduta Hannah , Price Matt A. , Kimani Joshua , Anzala Aggrey Omu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
To assess the feasibility of conducting HIV prevention trials among key populations in Nairobi, Kenya.

Background
HIV prevention trials require the inclusion of those at high risk of HIV infection and their informed decision to take part and remain in the clinical trial to the end is crucial. In Kenya key populations including men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) are, disproportionately, at high risk of HIV infection when compared to the general population. Few trials testing biomedical prevention products against HIV have enrolled Kenyan FSW and MSM.

Methods
We performed simulated vaccine efficacy trial (SiVET) using licensed hepatitis B vaccines as substitutes for a HIV vaccine candidate and included randomization for those immune to hep B. The SiVET was an observational study designed to mimic the rigors of a clinical trial; we assessed HIV risk, provided risk counselling and prevention tools and performed HIV testing at baseline and periodically until the end of the trial. MSM and FSW were enrolled at a ratio of 4:1. Volunteers were assigned to either hepatitis B vaccine or placebo.

Results
Recruitment took approximately 24 months between Sep 2015 and Sep 2017. Of the 368 volunteers screened, 250 (200 MSM and 50 FSW) were enrolled. Reasons for exclusion at screening included: being positive for HIV (n = 7), hepatitis (n = 14), other pre-existing medical conditions (n = 41), eligible but chose not to enrol (n = 47). Most of the volunteers adhered to study procedures and attended their study visits within the study window. These include volunteers who received the second vaccination 244 (98%), the third vaccination 228 (91%) and, the final study visit 217 (87%). The reasons volunteers discontinued from the study early included: relocation and loss to follow up (n = 14). A total of 8 cases of HIV infection were observed in 174.5 Person Years at Risk (PYAR), all among MSM, including 5 seroconversions identified at the last study visit, for a HIV incidence of 4.58 cases/ 100 PYAR, among MSM enrolled in the study.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that it is possible to conduct HIV prevention trials among key populations in Nairobi with a good adherence to a vaccine efficacy trial schedule. Despite HIV prevention efforts, we also noted a high incidence of HIV infection. This demonstrates the need for effective HIV prevention products in these populations.
Anti-atherogenic and cardio-protective properties of sweet melon (Cucumis melo. L. Inodorus) seed extract on high fat diet induced obesity in male wistar rats
Authors: Adebayo-Gege G. , Alicha V. , Omayone T. O. , Nzekwe S. C. , Irozuoke C. A. , Ojo O. A. , Ajayi A. F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCucumis melon is a medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and diuretic effects. An increasing body of scientific evidence established the anti-diabetic/anti-obesity effects of Cucumis melo in humans, mice, and hamster models. However, there are no tangible reports on its ability to prevent cardiovascular complications following diet-induced obesity. The anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective effects of the Methanolic extract of Cucumis melo. L. Inodorus seeds on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats was assessed in this study. MethodsForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, (n = 8/group); i.e., Normal (N), HFD, HFD + 50 mg/kg b.w. of MCMs (Methanolic extract of Cucumis melon seeds), HFD + 100 mg/Kg b.w. of MCMs and HFD + 200 mg/kg b.w. of MCMs. The experimental animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed after 10 weeks, and blood samples and heart tissue were collected for further analysis. Using the Graph Pad Prism version 5.0, the results expressed as Mean ± SD was tested using the one-way ANOVA to show intergroup differences, followed by Bonferonni ‘s post hoc test. The level of significance was determined atP ≤ 0.05.ResultsMCMs significantly (P < 0.05) reduced body weight, adiposity index, total fat mass, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and total cholesterol (TC) compared with the HFD obese groups MCMs caused a significant reduction in the body weight, total fat mass, adiposity index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and total cholesterol (TC) when compared to the animals in HFD obese groups. Also, the Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli index and, malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in MCMs treated groups compared to the HFD obese group. The catalase, protein, and HDL levels were significantly increased in MCMs treated groups compared to HFD-obese animals. Expression of nitric oxide in the form of nitrite in the heart tissue significantly increased in the MCMs treated compared to the HFD-obese rats, with the majority of the positive results recorded at 100 mg/Kg b.w. of MCMs.ConclusionsMCMs have anti-atherogenic and Cardio-protective properties on High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Male rats via an antioxidant and nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Further study is recommended to evaluate the molecular mechanisms to which these anti-atherogenic and cardio-protective actions can be attributed and exploit the GCMS result in the development of drug candidates.