bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements and Future Perspectives in Cell Electrospinning and Bio‐Electrospraying
Authors: Nosoudi Nasim , Hasanzadeh Amin , Hart Madeline , Weaver Baylee 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn recent years, researchers have tried to include living cells into electrospun nanofibers or droplets, leading to the field of live cell electrospinning and bio‐electrospraying . In live cell electrospinning and bio‐electrospraying, cells are embedded in a polymer and subject to the process of mechanical and electrical stimulation of the process. The resulting nanofiber mats or droplets with embedded cells have several potential applications in tissue engineering. The nanofiber structure provides a supportive and porous environment for cells to grow and interact with their surroundings. This can be favorable for tissue regeneration, where the goal is to create functional tissues that closely mimic the extracellular matrix. However, there are also challenges associated with live cell electrospinning and electrospraying, including maintaining cell viability and uniform cell distribution within the nanofiber mat. Additionally, the electrospinning/electrospraying process can have an impact on cell behavior, phenotype, and genotype, which must be cautiously monitored and studied. Overall, the goal of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the existing literature on cell electrospinning and bio‐electrospraying.
Unraveling Polymer–Ion Interactions in Electrochromic Polymers for their Implementation in Organic Electrochemical Synaptic Devices
Authors: Roh Heejung , Yue Shuwen , Hu Hang , Chen Ke , Kulik Heather J. , Gumyusenge Aristide 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOwing to low‐power, fast and highly adaptive operability, as well as scalability, electrochemical random‐access memory (ECRAM) technology is one of the most promising approaches for neuromorphic computing based on artificial neural networks. Despite recent advances, practical implementation of ECRAMs remains challenging due to several limitations including high write noise, asymmetric weight updates, and insufficient dynamic ranges. Here, inspired by similarities in structural and functional requirements between electrochromic devices and ECRAMs, high‐performance, single‐transistor and neuromorphic devices based on electrochromic polymers (ECPs) are demonstrated. To effectively translate electrochromism into electrochemical ion memory in polymers, this study systematically investigates polymer–ion interactions, redox activity, mixed ionic–electronic conduction, and stability of ECPs both experimentally and computationally using select electrolytes. The best‐performing ECP‐electrolyte combination is then implemented into an ECRAM device to further explore synaptic plasticity behaviors. The resulting ECRAM exhibits high linearity and symmetric conductance modulation, high dynamic range (≈1 mS or ≈6x), and high training accuracy (>84% within five training cycles on a standard image recognition dataset), comparable to existing state‐of‐the‐art ECRAMs. This study offers a promising approach to discover and design novel polymer materials for organic ECRAMs and demonstrates potential applications, taking advantage of mature knowledge basis on electrochromic materials and devices.
Electrically Dynamic Configurable WSe2 Transistor and the Applications in Photodetector
Authors: Bu Tong , Duan Xinpei , Liu Chang , Su Wanhan , Hong Xitong , Hong Ruohao , Zhou Xinjie , Liu Yuan , Fan Zhiyong , Zou Xuming , Liao Lei , Liu Xingqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNon‐destructive and reversible modulations of polarity and carrier concentration in transistors are essential for complementary devices. The fabricated multi‐gated WSe2 devices obtain dynamic electrostatic field induced electrically configurable functions and demonstrate as diode with high rectification ratio of 4.1 × 105, as well as n‐ and p‐type inverter with voltage gain of 19.9 and 12.1, respectively. Benefiting from the continuous band alignment induced modulation of channel underneath the dual gates, the devices exhibit high‐performance photodetection in wide spectral range. The devices yield high photo‐responsivity (5.16 A W−1) and large Ilight/Idark ratio (1 × 105). Besides, the local gate fields accelerate the separation of photo‐induced carriers, leading to fast response without persistent current. This strategy takes the advantage of the simplified design and continues to deliver integrated circuits with high density. The superior electrical and photodetection characteristics exhibit great potency in the domain of future optoelectronics.
In Vitro Prostate Cancer Treatment via CRISPR‐Cas9 Gene Editing Facilitated by Polyethyleneimine‐Derived Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Lee Bong , Gries Klara , Valimukhametova Alina R. , McKinney Ryan L. , Gonzalez‐Rodriguez Roberto , Topkiran Ugur C. , Coffer Jeffery , Akkaraju Giridhar R. , Naumov Anton V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)‐Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) is a programmable gene editing tool with a promising potential for cancer gene therapy. This therapeutic function is enabled in the present study via the non‐covalent delivery of CRISPR ribonucleic protein (RNP) by cationic glucosamine/PEI‐derived graphene quantum dots (PEI‐GQDs) that aid in overcoming physiological barriers and tracking genes of interest. PEI‐GQD/RNP complex targeting the tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene mutation overexpressed in ∽50% of cancers successfully produces its double‐stranded breaks in solution and in prostate cancer (PC‐3) cells. Restoring this cancer “suicide” gene can promote cellular repair pathways and lead to cancer cell apoptosis. Its repair to the healthy form performed by simultaneous PEI‐GQD delivery of CRISPR RNP and a gene repair template leads to a successful therapeutic outcome: 40% apoptotic cancer cell death, while having no effect on non‐cancerous (HeK293) cells. The translocation of PEI‐GQD/RNP complex into PC‐3 cell cytoplasm is tracked via GQD intrinsic fluorescence, while enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐tagged RNP is detected in the cell nucleus, showing the successful detachment of the gene editing tool upon internalization. Using GQDs as non‐viral delivery and imaging agents for CRISPR‐Cas9 RNP sets the stage for image‐guided cancer‐specific gene therapy.
Hydrophobic Polystyrene‐Modified Gelatin Enhances Fast Hemostasis and Tissue Regeneration in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Li Wenyan , Xu Kaige , Liu Yuqing , Lei Xuejiao , Ru Xufang , Guo Peiwen , Feng Hua , Chen Yujie , Xing Malcolm 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHemostatic sealant is required to deal with blood loss, especially in the scenario of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which presents high rates of morbidity and disability. Hemostasis in surgery with traditional gelatin‐based sealants often leads to blood loss and other issues in brain because of the hydrophilic gelatin swelling. Herein, hydrophobic effects on the hemostasis in TBI surgery are studied by tuning the chain length of polystyrene (PS) onto methylacrylated gelatin (Gel‐MA). The hydrophobicity and hemostatic efficiency can be tuned by controlling the length of PS groups. The platelet activation of modified sealants Gel‐MA‐2P, Gel‐MA‐P, and Gel‐MA‐0.5P is as much as 17.5, 9.1, and 2.1 times higher than Gel‐MA in vitro. The hemostatic time of Gel‐MA‐2P, Gel‐MA‐P, and Gel‐MA‐0.5P groups is 2.0‐, 1.6‐, and 1.1‐folds faster than that in Gel‐MA group in TBI mice. Increased formation of fibrins and platelet aggregation can also be observed in vitro by scanning electron microscopy. Animal's mortality is lowered by 46%, neurologic deficiency is reduced by 1.5 times, and brain edema is attenuated by 10%. Protein expression is further investigated to exhibit toxic iron‐related processes caused by delayed hemostasis and activation of platelets via PI3K/PKC‐α signaling. The hydrophobic Gel‐MA has the potential in hemostatic TBI and promotes nervous system recovery in brain with the potentials in clinics.
Transient Directing Group Enabled C3‐(sp2)−H Alkenylation of Five Membered Heterocyclic Aldehydes: An Access to Mechanochromic Luminogen
Authors: Shaikh Javed Y. , Bhowmick Anindita , Chatterjee Abhijit , Thombare Nitin A. , Bhat Ramakrishna G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe palladium (II) catalyzed direct C3‐(sp2)−H alkenylation of five membered heterocyclic aldehydes has been developed using 3‐aminobutanoic acid as a catalytic transient directing group. A wide range of heterocyclic aldehydes reacted with various acrylates to afford highly site‐selective C3‐alkenylated products. This method features an exclusive E‐selective alkenylation at the C3‐position of heterocyclic aldehydes with a broad substrate scope. The protocol also proved to be useful to construct the mechanochromic luminogen.
Hybrid Plasmonic Modes for Enhanced Refractive Index Sensing
Authors: Dana Bereket Dalga , Boyu Ji , Lin Jingquan , Li Longnan , Koya Alemayehu Nana , Li Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCompared to single nanoparticles, strongly coupled plasmonic nanoparticles provide attractive advantages owing to their ability to exhibit multiple resonances with unique spectral features and higher local field intensity. These enhanced plasmonic properties of coupled metal nanoparticles have been used for various applications including realization of strong light‐matter interaction, photocatalysis, and sensing. In this article, the basic physics of hybrid plasmonic modes in coupled metallic nanodimers is reviewed and their potentials for refractive index sensing are assessed. In particular, the spectral line shapes of various modes of hybrid plasmons including bonding and antibonding modes in symmetric nanodimers, Fano resonances in asymmetric nanodimers, charge transfer plasmons in linked nanoparticle dimers, hybrid plasmon modes in nanoshells, gap modes in particle‐on‐mirror configurations, and hybrid magnetoplasmonic modes in heterodimers are overviewed. Beyond the dimeric nanosystems, the potentials of surface lattice resonances in periodic nanoparticle arrays for sensing applications are also showcased. Finally, based on the critical assessment of the recent research on coupled plasmonic modes, the outlook on the future prospects of hybrid plasmon‐based refractometric sensing are discussed. Given their tunable resonances and ultranarrow spectral features, coupled metal nanoparticles are expected to play key roles in developing precise plasmonic nanodevices with extreme sensitivity.
An Edible Bistable Tilt Sensor Enabling Autonomous Operation of a Partially Eatable Rolling Robot
Authors: Annese Valerio F. , Kwak Bokeon , Coco Giulia , Galli Valerio , Ilic Ivan K. , Cataldi Pietro , Floreano Dario , Caironi Mario 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEdible electronics and robotics are emerging areas intimately bridging food science and engineering to deliver technology using food‐derived materials. Edible devices offer unprecedented opportunities thanks to features such as bioresorbability, nutritional value, associated taste, minimal toxicity, and sustainability. However, several challenges need to be addressed to bring edible devices closer to reality. Although prototypal edible sensors are available, rotation sensors—an essential component for orientation perception—are still missing. Integrating sensors, actuators, and structural components into an edible system also remains a challenge due to the lack of processes and standardization. Here the first edible tilt sensor is presented. Starting from a commercial nonedible bistable tilt sensor, each material is replaced with edible equivalents using simple and straightforward fabrication approaches. Its functionality is validated in the first implementation of an autonomous and partly edible rolling robot, which has a nutritional value of 807.5 kcal and integrates gelatin actuators, an array of tilt sensors, and an edible wheeled frame. The robot works in closed loop, perceiving its orientation and input for actuation from the sensors. These findings may pave the way to novel edible technologies, from drug delivery for wild animals to health applications.
Zinc‐Organometallic Framework Vaccine Controlled‐Release Zn2+ Regulates Tumor Extracellular Matrix Degradation Potentiate Efficacy of Immunotherapy
Authors: Ding Lin , Liang Minli , Li Yuanyuan , Zeng Mei , Liu Meiting , Ma Wei , Chen Fuming , Li Chenchen , Reis Rui L. , Li Fu‐Rong , Wang Yanli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTumor extracellular matrix (ECM) not only forms a physical barrier for T cells infiltration, but also regulates multiple immunosuppressive pathways, which is an important reason for immunotherapy failure. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway plays a key role in activating CD8+ T cells, maintaining CD8+ T cells stemness and enhancing the antitumor effect. Herein, a zinc‐organometallic framework vaccine (ZPM@OVA‐CpG) prepared by self‐assembly, which achieves site‐directed release of Zn2+ in dendritic cell (DC) lysosomes and tumor microenvironment under acidic conditions, is reported. The vaccine actively targets DC, significantly enhances cGAS‐STING signal, promotes DC maturation and antigen cross‐presentation, and induces strong activation of CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, the vaccine reaches the tumor site, releasing Zn2+, significantly up‐regulates the activity of matrix metalloproteinase‐2, degrades various collagen components of tumor ECM, effectively alleviates immune suppression, and significantly enhances the tumor infiltration and killing of CD8+ T cells. ZPM@OVA‐CpG vaccine not only solves the problem of low antigen delivery efficiency and weak CD8+ T cells activation ability, but also achieves the degradation of tumor ECM via the vaccine for the first time, providing a promising therapeutic platform for the development of efficient novel tumor vaccines.
Predicting mobile money transaction fraud using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Lokanan Mark E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ease with which mobile money is used to facilitate cross‐border payments presents a global threat to law enforcement in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing. This paper aims to utilize machine learning classifiers to predict transactions flagged as a fraud in mobile money transfers. The data for this study were obtained from real‐time transactions that simulate a well‐known mobile transfer fraud scheme. Logistic regression is used as the baseline model and is compared with ensemble and gradient descent models. The results indicate that the logistic regression model still showed reasonable performance while not performing as well as the other models. Among all the measures, the random forest classifier exhibited outstanding performance. The amount of money transferred emerged as the top feature for predicting money laundering transactions in mobile money transfers. These findings suggest that further research is needed to enhance the logistic regression model, and the random forest classifier should be explored as a potential tool for law enforcement and financial institutions to detect money laundering activities in mobile money transfers.
A survey of paediatric difficult peripheral intravenous access in the emergency department and use of point‐of‐care ultrasound
Authors: Lam Clayton , Dunstan Lucy , Sweeny Amy , Watkins Stuart , George Shane , Snelling Peter J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction/PurposePeripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion can be challenging in children, with point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) known to increase success rates. The objective of this study was to survey how emergency department (ED) clinicians identify and escalate paediatric patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA), specifically the use of POCUS.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in an Australian academic mixed ED that surveyed resident medical officers (RMOs), registrars, consultants and senior paediatric nurses. A 15 multiple‐choice questionnaire evaluated clinicians experience with paediatric PIVC insertion, approach to identifying and managing DIVA and the use of POCUS or other adjuncts.ResultsEighty clinicians (34.2% response rate) completed the survey. Poor vein palpability was rated the highest predictor of DIVA. Of the respondents, 19 consultants (86.4%), 28 registrars (90.3%) and 16 RMOs (64.0%) used POCUS as an adjunct for paediatric DIVA patients but 16 consultants (72.8%), 21 registrars (67.8%) and 20 RMOs (80.0%) would use this less than 25% of the time in clinical practice.DiscussionThis survey suggests more clinicians to prefer using objective factors when identifying paediatric DIVA patients, rather than subjectively using gestalt, which relies on clinician experience. Whilst clearly recognised as a useful tool in our study, POCUS was used infrequently for paediatric DIVA patients.ConclusionsThere is currently no consistent process for the identification and escalation of paediatric DIVA patients, including the use of adjuncts such as POCUS. Clinician awareness for these issues should be addressed, which should include the development of guidelines and clinician training in POCUS for PIVC insertion in children.
Photoionization Cross Section for H@Cn${\text{H@C}}_{n}$ Implanted in Nonideal Classical Plasmas
Authors: Bahar Mustafa Kemal , Martínez‐Flores César 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, photoionization cross sections of guest hydrogen atom in endohedral fullerene () modeled by the Woods–Saxon confinement potential implanted in the nonideal classical plasma (NICP) under spherical confinement are reported for the first time in the related literature. The relevant wave equation is solved numerically via the tridiagonal matrix method and then the energy levels, bound and continuum wave functions are interpreted. Plasma effect is examined by considering plasma temperature and density and is evaluated in the photoionization process. Since the plasma modifies the discrete and continuum spectra by changing the potential energy of hydrogen atom, it closely affects the overlapping of the wave functions of ground state and continuum state. This effect has a distinct response on photoionization resonances. Using different values of endohedral confinement parameters, which means regarding different types of fullerenes, detailed analysis of energy levels, bound and continuum wave functions, and photoionization cross sections are provided by evaluating confinement width, depth, smoothing effect and distance from the spherical encompassement center. The photoionization process of implanted in the NICP (nonideal classical plasma) is highly sensitive to both plasma and endohedral confinement. At this sensitivity, Cooper resonance character is like an encoder for fullerene structure.
Regulation of d‐Band Centers in Localized CdS Homojunctions through Facet Control for Improved Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Yiqi , Jiang Shujuan , Sun Chuanzhi , Song Shaoqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe accelerated kinetic behaviour of charge carrier transfer and its unhindered surface reaction dynamic process involving oxygenated‐intermediate activation and conversion are urgently required in photocatalytic water (H2O) overall splitting, which has not been nevertheless resolved yet. Herein, localized CdS homojunctions with optimal collocation of high and low index facets to regulate d‐band center for chemically adsorbing and activating key intermediates (*‐OH and *‐O) have been achieved in H2O overall splitting into hydrogen. Density functional theory, hall effect, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy confirm that, electrons and holes are kinetically transferred to reductive high index facet (002) and oxidative low index facet (110) of the localized CdS homojunction induced by facet Fermi level difference to dehydrogenate *‐OH and couple *‐O for hydrogen and oxygen evolution, respectively, along with a solar conversion into hydrogen (STH) of 2.20 % by Air Mass 1.5 Global filter irradiation. These findings contribute to solving the kinetic bottleneck issues of photocatalytic H2O splitting, which will further enhance STH.
Polyaniline grafted pullulan: Optical, thermal, structural, and electrical characterization studies in combination withdensity functional theorycalculations
Authors: Noorjan N. , John Jyothi , Swamy Shashi Kumar Kumara , Gurumurthy S. C. , Ramaprasad A. T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI), a conducting polymer, has great interest for a large number of applications. However, poor processability and mechanical properties limits its usage and many methods like blending, grafting etc. are used to overcome this disadvantage. We have carried out grafting of PANI onto pullulan (PULL) via chemical oxidative polymerization technique. The percentage of grafting is favored by increasing concentration of aniline monomer. The formation of PANI is confirmed through UV–Vis spectroscopic studies. The possible grafting mechanism is studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and validated by Hartree‐Fock density functional theory (HF‐DFT) calculations. Further, thermal properties of grafted polymers are studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermo gravimetric analysis. Using FESEM and x‐ray diffraction, structural properties of graft polymer were studied. DC electrical conductivity of grafted polymer is measured from I‐V characteristics, shows a significant conductivity which is the highlight of this work.
Fragmented spaces in the urban landscape: A socio‐spatial analysis of educational supply in the city of Madrid
Authors: Bueno Carlos , Bonal Xavier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe geography of school choice critically shapes families’ educational opportunities. Residential segregation, social inequalities and the educational marketplace interact in complex ways and produce spatialised educational opportunities for families. This paper analyses the link between these dimensions and how they structure families’ educational opportunities in the city of Madrid. Based on several administrative datasets that capture students’ residential location, their socio‐economic position, the schools they attend and the characteristics of school supply, our analysis reveals the uneven spatial distribution of the different school modalities in Madrid, where advantaged families and neighbourhoods have more diversified and socio‐economically homogenous nearby schooling options. The results also depict the way the city is spatially divided along a continuum of ‘privileged’ residential and educational assets. The paper reflects on how reforms expanding school choice and diversification of the educational market undertaken by the regional government may have increased the link between residential and school segregation.