bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning in Sport Social Media Research: Practical Uses and Opportunities
Authors: Du James , Mamo Yoseph Z. , Floyd Carter , Karthikeyan Niveditha , James Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2023

In tandem with the burgeoning popularity of social media research in the field of sport communication and marketing, we are witnessing a concomitant rise in its epistemological sophistication. Despite this growth, the field has given less attention to methodological issues and implications. In light of the development of machine learning, the overarching goal of the current research was to answer the call for innovative methodological approaches to advance knowledge in the area of social media research. Specifically, we (a) assess the current state of sport social media research from a methodological perspective, with a particular focus on machine learning; (b) present an empirical illustration to demonstrate how sport scholars can benefit from the advancement in natural language processing and the derivative topic modeling techniques; (c) discuss how machine learning could enhance the rigor of social media research and improve theory development; and (d) offer potential opportunities and directions for the future sport social media research that utilizes machine learning.
Generalized parton distributions of sea quark at zero skewness in the light-cone model
Authors: Luan Xiaoyan , Lu Zhun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the chiral-even generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of $${\bar{u}}$$

u

¯

and $${\bar{d}}$$

d

¯

quarks at zero skewness using the overlap representation within the light cone formalism. The GPDs of $${\bar{u}}$$

u

¯

and $${\bar{d}}$$

d

¯

quarks can be expressed as the convolution of the light cone wave functions which are obtained from the baryon-meson fluctuation model in terms of the $$|q{\bar{q}}B\rangle $$

|
q

q

¯

B
⟩

Fock states. We present the numerical results for $$H^{{\bar{u}}/P}(x,\xi ,\Delta ^2)$$

H

u

¯

/
P

(
x
,
ξ
,

Δ
2

)

, $$H^{{\bar{d}}/P}(x,\xi ,\Delta ^2)$$

H

d

¯

/
P

(
x
,
ξ
,

Δ
2

)

, $$E^{{\bar{u}}/P}(x,\xi ,\Delta ^2)$$

E

u

¯

/
P

(
x
,
ξ
,

Δ
2

)

and $$E^{{\bar{d}}/P}(x,\xi ,\Delta ^2)$$

E

d

¯

/
P

(
x
,
ξ
,

Δ
2

)

. We apply the model resulting GPDs to calculate the orbital angular momentum of the $${\bar{u}}$$

u

¯

and $${\bar{d}}$$

d

¯

quarks, showing that $$L^{{\bar{u}}/P}$$

L

u

¯

/
P

, $$L^{{\bar{d}}/P}$$

L

d

¯

/
P

are positive and $$L^{{\bar{u}}/P}$$

L

u

¯

/
P

is smaller than $$L^{{\bar{d}}/P}$$

L

d

¯

/
P

. The sea quark OAM distributions in the impact parameter space $$L_{{\bar{q}}}(x,{\varvec{b}}_{\varvec{T}})$$

L

q

¯

(
x
,

b

T

)

are also calculated.
The genetic relationship between coeval Ediacaran mafic and granitoid plutons in the Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia
Authors: Archibald Donnelly B. , Murphy J. Brendan , Creaser Robert A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Granitic plutons dominated by felsic-intermediate compositions are commonly spatially and temporally associated with mafic intrusions; however, the genetic relationship between the apparently coeval but compositionally dissimilar magmas is controversial. To better understand this relationship, we present new lithogeochemical and isotopic data from coeval late Neoproterozoic plutonic rocks in the Antigonish Highlands of Nova Scotia where the regional context is well documented. The predominantly mafic Greendale Complex contains lamprophyre, appinites and leucocratic dykes. The appinites are remarkably variable in their textures, and consist of hornblende pegmatites, hornblende cumulates, porphyritic hornblende gabbro and coarse-grained, equigranular hornblende gabbro. Geochemical data show enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements and depletion in the high field strength elements suggesting an arc setting. ε
Nd
(607) values from the Greendale Complex range from +3.2 to +5.0 and are on average slightly more juvenile than coeval granitic rocks which have petrological characteristics typical of continental arc magmas. Hydrous mafic magmas were likely contaminated by subducted sediments and their ascent was facilitated by lithospheric-scale faults. Felsic magmas were derived by anatexis of heterogeneous Avalonian crust that oscillated between fluid-saturated to fluid-deficient (dehydration) melting, consistent with the evolution from arc to intra-arc rift environment.
Charles Darwin's discovery of Devonian fossils in the Falkland Islands, 1833, and its controversial consequences
Authors: Stone Philip , Rushton Adrian W. A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In March 1833 Charles Darwin discovered Devonian fossils in the Falkland Islands. He was excited by his find but could have had little premonition of the long-running geological controversy that he was initiating. Darwin's fossils matched a coeval South African fauna and, as further collections were made, the association was apparently strengthened. A particularly important contribution arose around 1910 through collaborations between a local collector, Constance Allardyce, and professional palaeontologists: Ernest Schwarz in South Africa and John Clarke in the USA. The accumulating evidence was seized upon by the early proponents of ‘displacement theory’ – continental drift – notably Alexander Du Toit, who relocated the Falkland Islands northward for his 1927 South Atlantic reconstruction. A more radical, but geologically sounder proposal arose in 1952 when Ray Adie suggested that the Falkland Islands, rotated through 180°, had originated as the eastward culmination of the Cape Fold Belt and Karoo Basin. In effect, Adie had presciently described a rotated microplate, perhaps the first on record. An opposing view saw the Falkland Islands as part of a fixed, South American promontory, and argument around these two contrasting interpretations of South Atlantic geology continues to the present day.
Metabolomic Profiles, Ideal Cardiovascular Health, and Risk of Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Li Yi , Gray Ayana , Xue Liying , Farb Melissa G. , Ayalon Nir , Andersson Charlotte , Ko Darae , Benjamin Emelia J. , Levy Daniel , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Larson Martin G. , Rong Jian , Xanthakis Vanessa , Liu Chunyu , Fetterman Jessica L. , Gopal Deepa M. 
Published: June 2023

Background
The American Heart Association's framework “ideal cardiovascular health” (CVH) focuses on modifiable risk factors to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolomics provides important pathobiological insights into risk factors and CVD development. We hypothesized that metabolomic signatures associate with CVH status, and that metabolites, at least partially, mediate the association of CVH score with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results
We studied 3056 adults in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) cohort to evaluate CVH score and incident outcomes of AF and HF. Metabolomics data were available in 2059 participants; mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the mediation of metabolites in the association of CVH score and incident AF and HF. In the smaller cohort (mean age, 54 years; 53% women), CVH score was associated with 144 metabolites, with 64 metabolites shared across key cardiometabolic components (body mass index, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose) of the CVH score. In mediation analyses, 3 metabolites (glycerol, cholesterol ester 16:1, and phosphatidylcholine 32:1) mediated the association of CVH score with incident AF. Seven metabolites (glycerol, isocitrate, asparagine, glutamine, indole‐3‐proprionate, phosphatidylcholine C36:4, and lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2), partly mediated the association between CVH score and incident HF in multivariable‐adjusted models.

Conclusions
Most metabolites that associated with CVH score were shared the most among 3 cardiometabolic components. Three main pathways: (1) alanine, glutamine, and glutamate metabolism; (2) citric acid cycle metabolism; and (3) glycerolipid metabolism mediated CVH score with HF. Metabolomics provides insights into how ideal CVH status contributes to the development of AF and HF.
Body Weight in Adolescent Men in Sweden and Risk of an Early Acute Coronary Event: A Prospective Population‐Based Study
Authors: Åberg Maria , Robertson Josefina , Djekic Demir , Rosengren Annika , Schaufelberger Maria , Kuhn Georg , Åberg N. David , Schiöler Linus , Lindgren Martin 
Published: June 2023

Background
Coronary heart disease remains the dominant cause of death worldwide. To improve cardiovascular disease prevention, knowledge of early key risk factors, especially those that are modifiable, is essential. The ongoing global obesity epidemic is of particular concern. We aimed to determine whether body mass index at conscription predicts early acute coronary events among men in Sweden.

Methods and Results

This was a population‐based Swedish cohort study of conscripts (n=1 668 921; mean age, 18.3 years; 1968–2005), with follow‐up through linkage to the nationwide Swedish patient and death registries. Risk of a first acute coronary event (hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or coronary death) during follow‐up (1–48 years) was calculated with generalized additive models. Objective baseline measures of fitness and cognition were included in the models in secondary analyses. During follow‐up, there were 51 779 acute coronary events, of which 6457 (12.5%) were fatal within 30 days. Compared with men at the lowest end of the normal body mass index spectrum (body mass index, 18.5 kg/m
2
), an increasing risk for a first acute coronary event was observed, with hazard ratios (HRs) peaking at 40 years of age. After multivariable adjustments, men with a body mass index of 35 kg/m
2
had an HR of 4.84 (95% CI, 4.29–5.46) for an event before the age of 40 years.

Conclusions
An increased risk of an early acute coronary event was detectable within normal levels of body weight at the age of 18 years, increasing to almost 5‐fold in the highest weight category at 40 years of age. Given increasing levels of body weight and prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults, the current decrease in coronary heart disease incidence in Sweden may flatten or even reverse in the near future.
International Humanitarian Law: Necessity, Distinction and the ‘Standard of Civilisation’
Authors: Killingsworth Matt 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The modern laws of war are an integral foundation of 19th century efforts to establish and maintain order within the then emerging international society of states. But membership was conditional; only ‘civilised’ states were permitted entry to international society. Engaging with the concept of ‘the standard of civilisation’, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate a continuity of double standards as they relate to protections afforded by the modern laws of war. It will argue that these double standards have been, and continue to be, underpinned by attempts to de-humanise belligerents via the language of the ‘standard of civilisation’. In making this argument, the paper will draw attention to the historical centrality of the state and the role it has played in establishing conditionality with regards to protections afforded by the modern laws of war through the language of raison d’état and the standard of civilisation.
Breast MRI for Extent of Disease: Association of Demographic Factors and Biopsy Compliance on Surgical Decisions in Patients with BI-RADS 4 and 5 Findings
Authors: Klein Emma D. , Sonnenblick Emily B. , Sasson Arielle L. , Anderson David , Margolies Laurie R. 
Published: June 2023

Background The decision to pursue bilateral mastectomy without pathological confirmation of additional preoperative MRI lesions is likely multifactorial. We investigated the association of demographic factors and biopsy compliance following preoperative breast MRI with changes in surgical management in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Methods A retrospective review of BI-RADS 4 and 5 MRIs performed across a health system from March 2018 to November 2021 for assessment of disease extent and preoperative planning. Patient characteristics, including demographics, Tyrer-Cuzick risk score, pathology from index cancer and biopsy of MRI findings, and pre- and post-MRI surgical plans were recorded. Analysis compared patients who underwent biopsy with those who did not. Results The final cohort included 323 patients who underwent a biopsy and 89 who did not. Of patients who underwent a biopsy, 144/323 (44.6%) had additional cancer diagnoses. MRI did not change management in 179/323 patients (55.4%) who underwent biopsy and in 44/89 patients (51.7%) who did not. Patients with a biopsy were more likely to have additional breast conservation surgery ( P < .001) and patients without a biopsy were more likely to have a change in management to bilateral mastectomy P = .009). Patients without a biopsy who underwent a management change to bilateral mastectomy were significantly younger (47.2 vs 58.6; P < .001) and more likely to be white ( P = .02) compared to those choosing bilateral mastectomy after biopsy. Discussion Biopsy compliance is associated with changes in surgical decisions, and younger, white women are more likely to pursue aggressive surgical management without definitive pathologic diagnoses.
Bullying in Swiss Youth Born with a Unilateral Cleft lip and Palate by Self- and Parent-Report
Authors: Dumont Lisa , Urben Sébastien , Gomes Ana Carolina , Camenzind Lucia , Habersaat Stéphanie , Schechter Daniel S. , Morisod Harari Mathilde , Jung Christelle , Despars Josée , de Buys Roessingh Anthony 
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aimed to gain a better understanding of bullying as victims and aggressors in youths born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design This is an observational study comparing youths with UCLP (ages 8-16) and their parents with a control group (CG) of children in state schools and their parents. Participants Forty-one youths (43% female; mean age 12.4 ± 2.3 years) and their parents (n = 40) composed the UCLP group and 56 youths (47% female; mean age 12.4 ± 1.2 years) and their parents (n = 33) were in the CG. Main Outcome Measure The Olweus Bully/Victim questionnaire self- and parent-report was used to assess victims and aggressors involved in bullying behaviors. Results About 30% of all youths reported being a frequent victim of bullying at least 2-3 times a month and an additional 32.3% were bullied 1-2 times in the last 2-3 months. For the total sample, parents significantly ( P < .05) underestimated any bullying, both as a victim (youths 62.5% vs parents 45.7%) and as an aggressor (youths 53.1% vs parents 37.1%). There were no significant group differences in experiencing any bullying between the youths with UCLP (52.5%) and the CG youths (69.6%) or in its perception by their parents (43.2% and 48.5%, respectively). There were no group differences between the combinations of victim and aggressor. Conclusions While there were no differences in bullying prevalence in our sample between youths with UCLP and their peers, this study highlights differences in bullying perceptions between parents and their children.
A Clinical Tool to Predict the Microvascular Invasion Risk in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sheng Hui , Mao Minjie , Huang Kewei , Zheng Hailin , Liu Wen , Liang Yongneng 
Published: June 2023

Background Microvascular invasion (MVI) plays an important role in tumor progression. The aim of this study is to establish and validate an effective hematological nomogram for MVI prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A retrospective study was performed in a primary cohort that includes 1306 patients clinicopathologically diagnosed with HCC, and a validation cohort contained 563 continuous patients. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between variables included both clinicopathologic factors and coagulation parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and thrombin time [TT]) and MVI. Multiple logistic regression was used to construct a prediction nomogram. We tested the accuracy of the nomogram by discrimination and calibration, and then plotted decision curves to assess the benefits of the nomogram-assisted decisions in a clinical context. Results In the two cohorts, patients without MVI had the longest overall survival (OS), compared the OS with MVI. The multivariate analysis indicated that age, sex, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha fetoprotein, C-reactive protein, and TT were identified as significant independent predictors of MVI of HCC patients. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed good point estimate associated P value between predicted risk and observed risk across the deciles. Moreover, the calibration performance of the nomogram risk scores in each decile of the primary cohort was within 5 percentage points of the mean predicted risk score, and in the validation cohort, the observed risk in 90% decile was within 5 percentage points of the mean predicted risk score. Conclusions A noninvasive and easy-to-use nomogram was established and may be used to predict preoperative MVI in HCC.
Single-Stage Procedure of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Under Local Anaesthesia and Percutaneous Access
Authors: Bramucci Alberto , Vignali Luigi , Tadonio Iacopo , Losi Luciano , Freyrie Antonio , Perini Paolo 
Published: June 2023

Purpose Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are observed in 6% of patients with concomitant aortic valve stenosis (AS) requiring aortic valve replacement. Optimal management of these concomitant pathologies is still debated. Case Report An 80-year-old man presented with acute heart failure due to a severe AS. Past medical history included AAA under regular surveillance. A thoracic and abdominal computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirmed a 6 mm increase of AAA over an 8-month period (max 55 mm). A multidisciplinary team prescribed a simultaneous endovascular approach of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) followed by endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) under local anaesthesia with bilateral femoral percutaneous access. No intra or post-procedural complications were registered; technical success was confirmed by completion angiography and post-operative ultrasound. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5. A 2-month post-operative CTA confirmed ongoing technical success. Conclusion Combined TAVI and EVAR under local anaesthesia for AS and AAA was associated with reduced hospital stay and technical success at 2 months from intervention in this case report.
Clinical research nurse utilisation and role in the conduct of decentralised clinical trials: a literature review
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth , Marsh Lisa 
Published: June 2023

Background: The decentralised clinical trial (DCT) model has been popularised given its remote or virtual design, permitting expanded participant enrolment into community settings. Clinical research nurses (CRNs) are specially trained in the management of clinical trials; however, the utilisation of the research nurse role relating to decentralised trial conduct is not well-established. Aims: A literature review was conducted to describe the role of the research nurse in the conduct of DCTs and the current utilisation of this nurse specialty for decentralised trial management. Methods: Use of keywords ‘DCT’ or ‘virtual trial’ and ‘nursing’ were used to identify full-text, peer-reviewed literature in the English language and published within the last 10 years that described the clinical research nursing role. Results: Of the 102 pre-screened articles identified across five databases, 11 articles were eligible for full-text analysis. Thematic groupings of common discussion elements included Variance in Decentralised Clinical Trial Model Implementation, CRN Involvement in Decentralised Trial Conduct and Reporting and Shared Challenges of Decentralised Trial Implementation Affecting the CRN Role. Conclusions: Implications of this literature review include expanded trial sponsor awareness of the support requirements to facilitate research nurse utilisation and optimal decentralised trial conduct.
Antioxidant and Antitumorigenic Activities of the Standardized Water Extract From Fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. var. chebula
Authors: Na Takuathung Mingkwan , Wongnoppavich Ariyaphong , Jaijoy Kanjana , Soonthornchareonnon Noppamas , Sireeratawong Seewaboon 
Published: June 2023

Background Terminalia chebula Retz. var. chebula ( T chebula) has been traditionally used as a crude drug for treating various diseases, including skin disorders. This study aimed to investigate the potential antioxidant effects and antitumorigenic activity of an aqueous extract from the fruit of T chebula. Methods The extract's total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests, respectively. The 2 ´,7 ´-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate assay was employed to evaluate the extract's ability to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in U-937 human monocytic cell lines which had been treated with hydrogen peroxide for 30 min. Male ICR mice ( n = 30, 5 groups) were used to investigate the influence of T chebula extract on dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced carcinogenesis. After 20 weeks of treatment with T chebula extract, tumor incidence, size, and number were assessed. The major phenolic compounds in the extract were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by post hoc least significant difference test. Results T chebula extract effectively reduced intracellular ROS and scavenged antioxidants in vitro. The IC50 values of the extract as measured by DPPH and FRAP assays were 109.0 ± 14.5 μg/mL and 2.39 ± 0.17 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, 4 mg of T chebula extract significantly decreased the incidence, volume, and number of tumors in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. Conclusion T chebula extract effectively reduced intracellular ROS, and significantly decreased the incidence, volume, and number of tumors in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. These findings suggest that T chebula extract could be a promising therapeutic agent for skin tumors and other oxidative stress-related diseases.