bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferroptosis-related NFE2L2 and NOX4 Genes are Potential Risk Prognostic Biomarkers and Correlated with Immunogenic Features in Glioma
Authors: Lin Li , Li Xiaona , Zhu Shunda , Long Qingshan , Hu Yongzhen , Zhang Liyang , Liu Zexin , Li Bo , Li Xuesong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a newfound mode of regulated cell death that may have potential to associate with prognostic or diagnostic factors in glioma. In this research, 5 genes related to glioma were screened through the FerrDb database, and we analyzed the combination between genes and glioma of survival and prognosis via TCGA, GEPIA, TIMER, and other databases. Survival curve and prognostic analysis showed that the overexpression of NFE2L2 and NOX4, respectively, has a remarkable link with a worse prognosis in glioma. Then, the association between the expression of the two genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells level was explored based on the GSCA, and the immunity of NFE2L2 and NOX4 based on the TISIDB database was also investigated. In glioma, especially GBM, there is a strong association between gene expression and immune infiltration, even in macrophages, nTreg, and Th2 cells, which play immunosuppressive functions in TME. In conclusion, these results indicate that NFE2L2 and NOX4 could be risk prognosis biomarkers in glioma, and they bound up with immune infiltration and tumor immunity in tumorigenesis.
What to offer if consumers do not want what they need? A simultaneous evaluation approach with an application to retirement savings products
Authors: Ruß Jochen , Schelling Stefan , Schultze Mark B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStandard economic models of rational decision making provide information on how people should decide. In practice, human decisions are influenced by numerous behavioral patterns that lead to systematic deviations from rationally optimal behavior. In the context of retirement savings, this can result in substantial pension gaps, and hence in a reduction of the standard of living in the retirement phase. The aim of this work is to introduce a general framework to (simultaneously) assess and evaluate the objectively rational utility and the subjectively perceived attractiveness. We illustrate the approach by means of an application to retirement savings products. Such a combined approach can help to identify or design retirement savings products that create a high (albeit not the maximum possible) objective utility while at the same time being subjectively of high (albeit not maximum possible) attractiveness. We argue that a focus on such products might lead to improved consumer decisions compared to observed decisions that are often driven by subjective attractiveness (resulting in rather low objective utility).
Toeplitz density operators and their separability properties
Authors: de Gosson Maurice 
Published: January 2023

AbstractToeplitz operators (also called localization operators) are a generalization of the well-known anti-Wick pseudodifferential operators studied by Berezin and Shubin. When a Toeplitz operator is positive semi-definite and has trace one we call it a density Toeplitz operator. Such operators represent physical states in quantum mechanics. In the present paper we study several aspects of Toeplitz operators when their symbols belong to some well-known functional spaces (e.g. the Feichtinger algebra) and discuss (tentatively) their separability properties with an emphasis on the Gaussian case.
Bioresource Upgrade for Sustainable Energy, Environment, and Biomedicine
Authors: Li Fanghua , Li Yiwei , Novoselov K. S. , Liang Feng , Meng Jiashen , Ho Shih-Hsin , Zhao Tong , Zhou Hui , Ahmad Awais , Zhu Yinlong , Hu Liangxing , Ji Dongxiao , Jia Litao , Liu Rui , Ramakrishna Seeram , Zhang Xingcai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy, environment, and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy, sustainability, and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass (HALUB). We acme energy-efficient technologies for sustainable energy and material recovery and applications. The technologies of thermochemical conversion (TC), biochemical conversion (BC), electrochemical conversion (EC), and photochemical conversion (PTC) are summarized for HALUB. Microalgal biomass could contribute to a biofuel HHV of 35.72 MJ Kg−1 and total benefit of 749 $/ton biomass via TC. Specific surface area of biochar reached 3000 m2 g−1 via pyrolytic carbonization of waste bean dregs. Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively converted into bio-stimulants and biofertilizers via BC with a high conversion efficiency of more than 90%. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to a current density of 672 mA m−2 via EC. Bioresource can be 100% selectively synthesized via electrocatalysis through EC and PTC. Machine learning, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis are essential to various upgrading approaches of HALUB. Sustainable biomaterials, sustainable living materials and technologies for biomedical and multifunctional applications like nano-catalysis, microfluidic and micro/nanomotors beyond are also highlighted. New techniques and systems for the complete conversion and utilization of HALUB for new energy and materials are further discussed.
Global consequences of the war in Ukraine: the last straw for (liberal) interventionism?
Authors: Geis Anna , Schröder Ursula 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe interpretation of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine as a “turning point” indicates that long-established parameters of securing peace in international politics will change. This article tentatively assesses consequences of this war for the agenda of international peacebuilding and for wider interventionist practices in contemporary violent conflict settings. It is argued that the ongoing war speeds up a preexisting phase of profound order transformation that will considerably change the ways in which states manage conflicts and attempt to secure lasting peace in the international system. The article outlines how ongoing transformations already affect—and will further affect—(liberal) interventionism at different entangled scales, ranging from the global to the local. The contribution draws on recent studies of the rise and decline of global orders and interweaves them with insights from empirical peace and conflict research and critical studies of peacebuilding and interventions. It discusses the further decline of global cooperation in the wake of the Russian war against Ukraine, outlines the consequences of the rivalry between United Nations Security Council veto powers for the global agenda of peacebuilding and the conduct of peace operations, and illustrates the local consequences for specific intervention sites, in particular the negative impact of the employment of the Russian Wagner Group in Mali.
Barriers and Enablers to COVID-19 Vaccination in San Francisco's Spanish-Speaking Population
Authors: Abascal Miguel Lucía , Christian Canice , Accurso Erin C. , Najmabadi Adriana , Athavale Priyanka , Diala Jody A. , Sachdev Darpun , Philip Susan , Reid Michael J. , Handley Margaret A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPopulations at high risk for COVID-19- including Spanish speakers—may face additional barriers to obtaining COVID-19 vaccinations; by understanding their challenges, we can create more equitable vaccine interventions. In this study, we used interviews to identify barriers and enablers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among participants in the San Francisco Department of Public Health contact tracing program. Data analysis employed Capability, Opportunity, Motivation Behavior model (COM-B) and the Behavior Change Wheel framework as guides to target barriers with interventions and supporting policies. This paper presents data from interviews focused on COVID-19 vaccine uptake that was part of a project to improve COVID-19 preventive behaviors in San Francisco. We completed seventeen interviews between February and May 2021; six (35%) were completed in English and 11 (65%) in Spanish. Barriers to vaccine uptake included an unprepared health system, fear of side effects, limited knowledge, and conflicting information. Behavioral factors influencing vaccine uptake were mainly related to physical opportunity, automatic motivation, and psychological capability. Interventions that could address the most significant number of barriers included education, enablement, and environmental restructuring. Finally, communication and marketing policies that use diverse multi-lingual social media and environmental planning that includes accessible vaccine sites for people with disabilities, literacy barriers, and limited English proficiency could significantly increase vaccination. Public health departments should tailor interventions to high-risk populations by understanding the specific barriers they face. This exploratory study suggests how implementation science can provide frameworks to achieve this.
Deep prior in variational assimilation to estimate an ocean circulation without explicit regularization
Authors: Filoche Arthur , Béréziat Dominique , Charantonis Anastase 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many applications in geosciences require solving inverse problems to estimate the state of a physical system. Data assimilation provides a strong framework to do so when the system is partially observed and its underlying dynamics are known to some extent. In the variational flavor, it can be seen as an optimal control problem where initial conditions are the control parameters. Such problems are often ill-posed, regularization may be needed using explicit prior knowledge to enforce a satisfying solution. In this work, we propose to use a deep prior, a neural architecture that generates potential solutions and acts as implicit regularization. The architecture is trained in a fully-unsupervised manner using the variational data assimilation cost so that gradients are backpropagated through the dynamical model and then through the neural network. To demonstrate its use, we set a twin experiment using a shallow-water toy model, where we test various variational assimilation algorithms on an ocean-like circulation estimation.
STRESS TESTING THE FISCAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Bell David , Eiser David , Phillips David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe part of the UK fiscal framework which determines how UK government funding is allocated across the four home nations has undergone profound change since 2012, given tax and social security devolution. The UK government’s post-Brexit plans for regional development funding, state aid, regulation and trade negotiations have led to significant disagreements about the nature of the devolved fiscal and constitutional settlement. And the COVID-19 pandemic provided a major shock to a fiscal system with limited flexibility for the Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish devolved governments. This paper reviews the changes and challenges faced during these reforms and policy shocks. We find that: tensions about reforms to funding arrangements reflect the inconsistency of principles guiding the reforms; that the UK government’s post-Brexit plans do reduce the policy autonomy of the devolved governments, but reflect powers central governments often have in even highly decentralised countries; and that temporary changes to rules and the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic prevented a subnational fiscal crisis, but that more systematic change may make the system more robust to future shocks. This suggests that a review of the principles underpinning the UK’s subnational fiscal and economic policies would be highly worthwhile.
TRADE-OFFS: UNDERSTANDING FUTURE TRADE OPTIONS FOR SCOTLAND
Authors: Figus Gioele , McGregor Peter , McIntyre Stuart , Roy Graeme 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTrade issues lie at the heart of the two biggest constitutional challenges the UK has faced in decades: Brexit and Scottish independence. Brexit has demonstrated the economic importance of borders and led to renewed calls for Scottish independence. While there are a range of possible trading arrangements an independent Scotland could pursue, all of them involve economically significant change. In this paper, we describe Scottish trade patterns and review the range of options that a newly independent Scotland might have for its trading arrangements. We then model the relative economic importance of these different potential trading arrangements.
SECURING COMPATIBILITY OF CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENTS WITH THE MULTILATERAL CLIMATE AND TRADE REGIMES
Authors: Marín Durán Gracia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe European Union (EU) is contemplating the adoption of a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), which would extend its domestic carbon price to emissions that are produced outside its borders but are embodied into its imports of carbon-intensive commodities. In doing so, the EU is testing the boundaries of permissible unilateral action at the interface of international climate and trade law. However, the question of whether the proposed CBAM is compatible with these two multilateral legal regimes is yet to be addressed in an integrated manner. This article seeks to fill this gap in the scholarship and makes two main arguments. First, the CBAM as presently designed does not respect the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDRRC) and needs to be adjusted through two forms of differential treatment: a full exemption for least-developed countries and Small Island Developing States and the use of CBAM-generated revenue to support decarbonisation efforts in other affected developing countries. Secondly, this CBDRRC-based differentiation should be permissible under WTO law on the grounds that it does not amount to discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail.
Influence of Cassia fistula leaf powder on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas production and degradability of diets for ruminants
Authors: Akinbode R. M. , Osinuga A. A. , Oladele S. M. , Adebayo K. O. , Isah O. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMedicinal plants with high phytochemical values are critical for enhancing the productivity of livestock systems, while reducing their environmental impact. This study investigated the influence of graded levels of Cassia fistula leaf powder (CFLP) on in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters, gas production and degradability of diets for ruminants. Five concentrate diets were formulated to contain varying levels of CFLP (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/g dry matter (DM), denoted CF0, CF15, CF30, CF45 and CF60, respectively). The concentrate diets combined with guinea grass hay at the ratio of 4 : 6 (concentrate : forage) served as a substrate for the study. In vitro gas production test was performed by incubating 200 mg DM of the substrate for 48 h. At the end of the incubation period, the total gas and methane production, nutrient digestibility, in vitro fermentation and post-incubation parameters were evaluated. Results revealed a linear decrease (P < 0.001) in gas and methane production across the treatment groups with an increase in CFLP levels. The amount of methane produced varied from 9.3 ml/200 mg DM in the CF60 diet to 20 ml/200 mg DM in the control diet. Nutrient digestibility was highest in the control diet and lowest in the CF60 diet. There was a linear decrease in ammonia-nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration with an increase in the CFLP level. Inclusion of CFLP up to 30 mg/g DM ruminant diet was found to reduce methane production and ammonia-nitrogen concentration with minimal effects on nutrient degradation and TVFA concentration.
THE DEMOCRATIC EXPERIENCE OF TIMBRE IN TYSHAWN SOREY'S AUTOSCHEDIASMS
Authors: Aschheim Victoria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutoschediasms, the American composer and multi-instrumentalist Tyshawn Sorey's conception of spontaneous composition, casts the participants as equals. The decision-making power is balanced between Sorey and the instrumentalists. Focusing on the 2020 performance of Autoschediasms by Sorey and the contemporary-music ensemble Alarm Will Sound, presented as part of the ensemble's Video Chat Variations series, this article limns the experience of Autoschediasms and asks: what is the sensory counterpart to Sorey's democratic ethos? In Autoschediasms, I argue, it is timbre that synchronises the performers’ interactions, in all their care and openness, with the pressures and freedoms of listening. Timbre activates absorbing, unforeseen, manifold variation in the composition. This sonic impression of democratic music-making around and across difference comes to reflect the conditions of radical humanity and vulnerability inherent in spontaneity. Through close listening, and in dialogue with critical improvisation studies and timbre theory, I suggest that Autoschediasms illuminates the ethical dimension of timbre: what timbre can do for the aspiration towards musical inclusivity.
TWO HATS OR ONE: THE CO-DEPENDENT WORLDS OF JONATHAN HARVEY'S CHURCH AND CONCERT MUSIC
Authors: Hughes Ed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article scrutinises the composer Jonathan Harvey's remark that ‘most of my colleagues see me as wearing two hats: one a church music composer's, the other an avant-garde instrumental/electronic composer's. I wish I could say it was one hat. I think of all my music as sacred in a sense.’ The article considers Harvey's church and concert works as linked worlds in order to propose a more holistic appreciation of his stylistic and technical innovations and that, far from being occasional pieces, his music for the church played an active role in the development of the composer's language, in part because singing was a formative experience for Harvey, and in part because collaborative work with choirs, church musicians and associated artists and thinkers was so frequently fertile. Based on the composer's own notes to the author, the article concludes with an account of the composition process involved in the creation of Plainsongs for Peace and Light (2012), a work for unaccompanied mixed choir or 16 solo voices, which the composer described as ‘elaborations’ of chant.
Pacing polar bears and stoical sheep: testing ecological and evolutionary hypotheses about animal welfare
Authors: Clubb R , Mason G 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResponses to potential threats to welfare vary greatly between species. Even closely related animals often differ in their fear of humans and/or novelty; their behavioural responses to pain; and when captive, their overall welfare and the form and frequency of their stereotypies. Such species differences stimulate hypotheses about I) the way that responses to challenge co-vary with other biological traits; 2) the adaptive value of particular responses; and 3) the factors predicting responses to evolutionarily new scenarios, such as captivity. We illustrate how these ideas can be statistically tested with multi-species comparisons, and show how techniques such as the Comparative Analysis of Independent Contrasts can be used to control for any non-independence of data points caused by species’ relatedness. For each of the three types of hypothesis, we then provide several welfare-relevant examples including one that has been fully tested (respectively, the relationships between sociality and anti-predator behaviour in antelopes; predation pressure, foraging niche and neophobia in parrots; and home range size and stereotypy in carnivores). Ultimate explanations such as these, based on species’ ecology and evolutionary history, have great explanatory appeal. Species comparisons can also have great practical value, allowing the test of hypotheses that would be almost impossible to investigate experimentally, and generating principles that allow predictions about the welfare of similar unstudied species. Multi-species data, for example from the many taxa held in zoos, thus hold enormous potential for increasing the fundamental understanding of animal welfare.
Brain measures which tell us about animal welfare
Authors: Broom DM , Zanella AJ 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudies of the brain inform us about the cognitive abilities of animals and hence affect the extent to which animals of that species are respected. However, they can also tell us how an individual is likely to be perceiving, attending to, evaluating, coping with, enjoying, or disturbed by its environment, and so can give direct information about welfare. In studies of welfare, we are especially interested in how an individual feels. Since this depends upon high-level brain processing, we have to investigate brain function. Brain correlates of preferred social, sexual and parental situations include elevated oxytocin in the para-ventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Abnormal behaviour may have brain correlates, for example, high frequencies of stereotypy are associated with down-regulated μ and κ receptors and dopamine depletion in the frontal cortex. Such results help in evaluating the effects of treatment on welfare. Some brain changes, such as increased glucocorticoid receptors in the frontal lobes or increased activity in the amygdala, may be a sensitive indicator of perceived emergency. Active immunological defences lead to cytokine production in the brain, vagal nerve activity and sickness effects. Some aspects of brain function can be temporarily suppressed, for example, by opioids when there is severe pain, or permanently impaired, for example, in severely impoverished environments or during depression. Coping attempts or environmental impact can lead to injury to the brain, damage to hippocampal neurons, remodelling of dendrites in the hippocampus, or to other brain disorganisation. Brain measures can explain the nature and magnitude of many effects on welfare.
Fish and welfare: do fish have the capacity for pain perception and suffering?
Authors: Braithwaite VA , Huntingford FA 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHumans interact with fish in a number of ways and the question of whether fish have the capacity to perceive pain and to suffer has recently attracted considerable attention in both scientific and public fora. Only very recently have neuroanatomical studies revealed that teleost fish possess similar pain-processing receptors to higher vertebrates. Research has also shown that fish neurophysiology and behaviour are altered in response to noxious stimulation. In the light of this evidence, and in combination with work illustrating the cognitive capacities of fish, it seems appropriate to respond to a recently published critique (Rose 2002) in which it is argued that it is not possible for fish to experience fear or pain and that, therefore, they cannot suffer. Whilst we agree with the author that fish are unlikely to perceive pain in the same way that humans do, we believe that currently available evidence indicates that fish have the capacity for pain perception and suffering. As such, it would seem timely to reflect on the implications of fish pain and suffering, and to consider what steps can be taken to ensure the welfare of the fish that we exploit.