bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial and mandibular anatomy of Plastomenus thomasii and a new time-tree of trionychid evolution
Authors: Evers Serjoscha W. , Chapelle Kimberley E. J. , Joyce Walter G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrionychid (softshell) turtles have a peculiar bauplan, which includes shell reductions and cranial elongation. Despite a rich fossil record dating back to the Early Cretaceous, the evolutionary origin of the trionychid bauplan is poorly understood, as even old fossils show great anatomical similarities to extant species. Documenting structural detail of fossil trionychids may help resolve the evolutionary history of the group. Here, we study the cranial and mandibular anatomy of Plastomenus thomasii using µCT scanning. Plastomenus thomasii belongs to the Plastomenidae, a long-lived (Santonian–Eocene) clade with uncertain affinities among trionychid subclades. The skulls of known plastomenids are characterized by unusual features otherwise not known among trionychids, such as extremely elongated, spatulate mandibular symphyses. We use anatomical observations for updated phylogenetic analyses using both parsimony and Bayesian methods. There is strong support across methods for stem-cyclanorbine affinities for plastomenids. The inclusion of stratigraphic data in our Bayesian analysis indicates that a range of Cretaceous Asian fossils including Perochelys lamadongensis may be stem-trionychids, suggesting that many features of trionychid anatomy evolved prior to the appearance of the crown group. Divergence time estimates from Bayesian tip-dating for the origin of crown Trionychia (134.0 Ma) and Pan-Trionychidae (123.8 Ma) constrain the evolutionary time span during which the trionychid bauplan has evolved to a range of < 11 million years. Bayesian rate estimation implies high morphological rates during early softshell turtle evolution. If correct, plastomenids partially fill the stratigraphic gap which results from shallow divergence times of crown cyclanorbines during the late Eocene.
Exogenous Glutathione enhances tolerance of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to cadmium stress by regulating the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid and the signal transduction of plant hormones
Authors: Kang Yichen , Yao Yanhong , Liu Yuhui , Shi Mingfu , Zhang Weina , Zhang Ruyan , Li Hong , Qin Shuhao , Yang Xinyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCadmium (Cd) pollution has brought harm to the growth and development of potato. Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant that may play an active role in the response of a potato to Cd stress. However, how GSH influences the effect of Cd on potatoes is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous GSH on the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and plant hormone signal transduction pathway in potatoes under Cd stress to explore new ideas for how potatoes respond to Cd stress. We cultured 21-day-old 'Atlantic’ plantlets in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 500 μmol/L CdCl2or 500 μmol/L CdCl2 + 400 μmol/L GSH. We then investigated the activities of key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, hormone levels, and the expression levels of related genes at different time points.ResultsAnalysis showed that 96 h of treatment with glutathione led to an increase in the expression levels of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD); an increase in the enzymic activities of PAL, CAD and POD; and an increase in the content of lignin. The content of lignin was positively correlated with the expression levels of several genes (PAL: PG0031457, CAD: PG0005359, POD: PG0011640 and PG0015106). In addition, the levels of Salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) increased significantly, the expression levels of the genes encoding transcription factor TGA (PG2023696), pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) (PG0005111), and the transcription inhibitor Aux/IAA (PG0006093) all increased while the expression levels of jasmonate ZIM domain-containing protein (JAZ) (PG0004367), auxin influx carrier (AUX) (PG0006550) and auxin response factor (ARF) (PG0005794) all decreased. We also observed a reduction in the content of IAA.ConclusionExogenous GSH improved the tolerance of potato, Atlantic cv. to Cd stress by regulating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and the plant hormone signal transduction pathway.Graphical Abstract
Novel Genetic Subtypes of Urothelial Carcinoma With Differential Outcomes on Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Sarfaty Michal , Golkaram Mahdi , Funt Samuel A. , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Kaplan Shannon , Song Fan , Regazzi Ashley , Makarov Vladimir , Kuo Fengshen , Ostrovnaya Irina , Seshan Venkatraman , Zhao Chen , Greenbaum Benjamin , Liu Li , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Chan Timothy A. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has significantly improved clinical outcomes in bladder cancer. Identification of correlates of benefit is critical to select appropriate therapy for individual patients. METHODS To reveal genetic variables associated with benefit from ICB, we performed whole-exome sequencing on tumor specimens from 88 patients with advanced bladder cancer treated with ICB. RESULTS We identified several genetic factors that correlated with progression-free and overall survival after ICB therapy including ARID1A mutation, tumor mutational burden, intratumoral heterogeneity, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations in the immunopeptidome (immune dN/dS), and tumor cell purity. In addition, we noted that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and smoking history were negatively associated with overall survival. These genetic characteristics define four molecular subtypes demonstrating differential sensitivity to ICB. We validated the association of these four subtypes with clinical benefit from ICB in an independent cohort (IMvigor210). Finally, we showed that these molecular subtypes also correlate with outcome, although with distinct relationships, among patients not treated with ICB using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) bladder cancer cohort. Using parallel RNA sequencing data, the subtypes were also shown to correlate with immune infiltration and inflammation, respectively, in the IMvigor210 and TCGA cohorts. CONCLUSION Together, our study defines molecular subgroups of bladder cancer that influence benefit from ICB.
Trans* (Dis)appearance at the Mexican Frontier
Authors: Sánchez Cruz Jorge 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article positions Teresa Margolles's Ya basta hijos de puta (2018) as a refusal of trans* disappearance created by capitalistic initiatives of renovation, by the failures of the Mexican state, and by transphobic violence. Through the triangulation of three objects, a stone, a legal document, and a sound recording, intertwined with seventeen photographs of trans* people in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, the article also proposes that Margolles's recent aesthetic shift engages transness to open up a coalitional travesti-trans* studies between the North and South. A hemispheric conversation in which praxis and theory meet and where Ya basta hijos de puta as praxis demands on feeling destruction through the “touching” of the stone, on seeing the legal foreclosures through a death certificate, and on hearing of disappearance through the recording, the sound of the afterlife of transness.
Falling into Pam's World
Authors: McGuffie Allison 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNarrative cinema holds the unique potential to absorb audiences in the sensory world of its characters. When mobilized in the service of depicting trans* experience, the specificity of the medium can generate deep empathy for trans* lives, an important ethical objective, especially in a society in which trans* lives are under attack. Through close formal analysis, this article shows how the 1997 film Ma vie en rose accomplishes this project by cinematically aligning film spectators with a transgender child's audiovisual perception. Ma vie en rose immerses the film spectator in Ludovic's fantasy world where they are completely accepted as they are, inspiring the spectator to become personally invested in Ludovic's well-being, and potentially contributing to a real-world social environment that fosters livable lives for gender-nonconforming children.
A Right to Transition?
Authors: Perkins Kathryn J. , Harting Grant , Ortiz Soto Evelyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow does the law determine gender and transgender for the purposes of admission to gender-segregated spaces? This article examines this question to understand how transgender identity is legally constructed in gender-segregated spaces. Using trans feminist legal theory, this article explores how the state conceptualizes and re/incorporates transness in a binary gender order. Through case studies of access to gender transition in gender-segregated educational and carceral spaces, the authors find that judges engage in gender naturalization work to legally construct transgender identity in ways that reinforce sexist conceptualizations of immutable and binary gender. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this narrow construction of transgender identity for a trans feminist jurisprudence and politics.
118 A Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Two Treatment Strategies for Trigeminal Neuralgia in Ontario
Authors: Duda Taylor , Lannon Melissa , Martyniuk Amanda , Farrokyar Forough , Sharma Sunjay Vishnu 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating disease affecting 4-27/100000 people annually. In Ontario, over 2000 patients will be cared for through a universal government payer model. Interventions for profound pain include medical and surgical therapies, among other options. The global expected cost of these approaches is unknown.

METHODS:
Costs were gathered from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, Ontario Drug Benefit Formulary, and Ontario Ministry of Health Schedule of Benefits for Physician Services Under the Health Acct. Academic literature was used to estimate unavailable items. A cost-benefit Markov model was created for each strategy with literature-based event rates for annual cycles from year one to five, followed by a linear recurrent cycle from year six to ten. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated based on incremental cost in $CAD in 2022 per patient with a pain free year.

RESULTS:
Base case cost per patient was $10866 at ten years in the “MVD first” group and $10710 in the “carbamazepine first” group. The break-even point is slightly longer than ten years. Surgical cost is significantly higher at year one, at $9733 versus $1903. Ten year ICER was $1014 for “MVD first,” with strict superiority beyond this time point. One way deterministic sensitivity analysis for multiple factors suggested the highest cost variability and ICER variability was due to surgery cost, medication failure rate, and medication cost.

CONCLUSIONS:
Economic beneift is established to a “MVD first” strategy in the Ontario context with strict superiority beyond the ten-year horizon. If an arbitrary ICER of $50000 is used, benefit is established at four years. MVD could be considered broadly as a cost-effective and cost-saving measure in patients expected to live beyond these horizons.
146 Functional Priorities in High Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Upper Limb Nerve Transfer Surgery
Authors: Javeed Saad , Greenberg Jacob K. , Zhang Justin , Dibble Christopher , Khalifeh Jawad M. , Wilson Thomas J. , Zager Eric L. , Faraji Amir H. , Mahan Mark Alexander , Midha Rajiv , Burks Shelby , Levi Allan D. , Belzberg Allan J. , Jun-San Yang Lynda , Juknis Naringa , Ray Zack 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
High cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) results in complete impairment in upper limb function. Nerve transfer is an innovative reinnervation strategy for upper limb reanimation following SCI. However, the impact of upper limb motor recovery on the degree of long-term functional outcomes remains unknown.

METHODS:
A prospective cohort of high cervical SCI (C1-C4) patients enrolled in SCI model systems (SCIMS) was included. Baseline neurological examinations and functional independence measures (FIM) in eating, bladder-function, and transfers (bed/wheelchair/chair) were evaluated. At one-year follow-up, functional independence was compared in patients who gained recovery (motor grade >=3) in C5-elbow flexion, C6-wrist extension, C7-elbow extension, and C8-finger flexion. A multivariable logistic regression evaluated the impact of motor recovery on functional independence on composite outcome of feeding, bladder-function, and transfers.

RESULTS:
Between 1992-2016, 405 high cervical SCI patients were included. At baseline, 97% patients had impaired upper limb function with inability in all functions. At one-year follow-up, the largest proportion of patients gaining independence in eating, bladder-function, and transfers had recovery in C8-finger-flexion and C6-wrist-extension. C5-elbow-flexion recovery had lowest translation into functional independence. Patients who achieved C7-elbow-extension were able to transfer independently. On multivariable analysis, C8-finger-flexion recovery had 12-times higher odds (p=0.004) and C6-wrist-extension recovery had 7-times higher odds (p=0.04) of gaining functional independence in composite outcome. Age >=60 years and motor complete SCI (ASIA-A-B) were associated with reduced odds of gaining independence. 8% patients improved ASIA grades from baseline to 1-year.

CONCLUSIONS:
Following cervical SCI, C8-finger-flexion and C6-wrist-extension recovery can maximize functional independence. Recovery of C7-elbow-extension can increase transfer capability. This information may prioritize reinnervation strategies for individualized decision-making for nerve transfers in high cervical SCI.
158 Controlling Glioblastoma Invasion In Vivo With CD97
Authors: Eichberg Daniel Green , Slepak Tatiana , Guyot Manuela , Walters Winston , Komotar Ricardo Jorge , Ivan Michael E. 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Increased levels of adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) CD97 have been detected in multiple metastatic cancers. Glioblastoma (GBM), a Grade-IV Glioma, also overexpress this receptor, and its levels positively correlate with more aggressive GBM invasion.

METHODS:
CD97 consists of two distinct domains: the large extracellular fragment interacting with ECM and other cell surface receptors and the GPCR core that activates heterotrimeric G Proteins G12/13. To investigate the mechanism of action of CD97, we generated a CD97 knockdown (shCD97) and overexpression (CD97-WT) constructs. Additionally, we generated two functional mutants: a constitutively active mutant lacking the N-Terminus (dNTF) and dominant-negative mutant (H436A) that cannot activate G-Proteins downstream. Glioma Stem Cells (GSC) were transduced by control and CD97 lentiviral constructs and implanted into mouse brains. Once tumors formed the brains were harvested, sliced, and immunostained to evaluate invasion and proliferation. Comparing mutants to control, dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:
Similar to CD97-WT, we found that both dNTF and H436A, increase tumor volume (p < 0.05). In contrast, the shCD97 mutant decreased tumor size (p < 0.05). Interestingly, only dNTF significantly increased tumor cell proliferation (p < 0.005), yet CD97-WT and H436A affected proliferation of non-tumor cells in the tumor bulk, indicating that this process requires the N-Terminus Fragment. In addition, over-expression of CD97-WT dramatically increases tumor invasion along myelinated fibers of corpus collosum, and tumor spread in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). Yet, the H436A mutant produced large, compact, and non-invasive tumors with sharp borders (p < 0.05) indicating that cell migration requires activation of G12/13. Surprisingly, immunostaining revealed that CD97 knockdown cells displayed invasive phenotype.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results demonstrate the dual role CD97 plays in GBM invasion and proliferation, alluding to the molecular mechanisms that can potentially be targeted in GBM treatment.
162 Evaluating Risk of Recurrence in Patients With Meningioma: Analysis of 703 Cases
Authors: Traylor Jeffrey Isaac , Plitt Aaron , Hicks William Harrison , Mian Tabarak , Mickey Bruce E. , Lee Barnett Samuel 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Meningioma prognostication and treatment continues to evolve with an increasing understanding of tumor biology.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective study of a consecutive series of patients with WHO grade 1–3 meningioma resected at UT Southwestern from 1994 to 2015. Time to meningioma recurrence (RFS) was the primary endpoint measured. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed and compared using log-rank tests. Cox univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of RFS.

RESULTS:
A total of 703 consecutive patients with meningioma underwent resection at UT Southwestern between the years 1994 and 2015. The median age of the cohort was 56 years (range 16-88 years) and was 68.7% (n = 483) female. Median follow-up was 45 months (range 0-289 months). There was not a significantly increased risk of recurrence in patients with evidence of brain invasion, in patients with otherwise WHO grade 1 meningioma (p = .82). Adjuvant radiation to subtotally resected WHO grade 1 meningiomas did not prolong the time to recurrence. Location (midline skull base, lateral skull base, and paravenous) was significantly associated with RFS (p < .01) on univariate analysis. In patients with high grade (WHO grade 2 or 3) meningiomas, location was predictive of RFS (p = .03) with paravenous meningiomas exhibiting the highest rates of recurrence. Location was not significant on multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data suggests that brain invasion does not increase the risk of recurrence in otherwise WHO grade 1 meningioma. Adjuvant radiation to subtotally resected WHO grade 1 meningiomas did not prolong the time to recurrence. Location categorized by distinct molecular signatures did not predict RFS in a multivariate model.
192 Effect of Helmet on Cervical Spine Biomechanics in Rear Impact Scenario (Whiplash)
Authors: Choi Hoon , Purushothaman Yuvaraj , Baisden Jamie , Yoganandan Narayan 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Rear impact (whiplash) is a common scenario has been studied previously by subjecting the head-neck complex under postero-anterior acceleration. There is a lack of studies investigating the effect of helmet on cervical spine biomechanics despite its common use in military and competitive automotive environments.

METHODS:
We developed a finite element model of the head-neck complex simulating the three spinal columns with layered intervetebral discs and ligaments. This was then validated against a cadaver (head to T1) model which was fixated to a sled on linear rails with a rear pendulum that simulated rear impact scenario. Standard-issue US Military Combat helmets in small, medium, large sizes were modeled and mounted on the finite element model. 1.8 m/s and 2.6 m/s velocity profiles were simulated and the range of motion at each functional spinal unit from C2-3 to C7-T1 was measured.

RESULTS:
Segmental motions were measured over 120 ms for all scenarios. 2.6 m/s vector resulted in peak acceleration of 3.5 g, and 1.8 m/s resulted in 2.5 g. Helmet use increased the range of motion at all segments from C2-3 to C7-T1. The greatest range of motion occurred at C5-6, followed by C6-7 and C7-T1. Greatest percentage increase in motion occurred at C2-3 followed by C5-6. Increasing helmet size resulted in increasing motion at all spinal segments.

CONCLUSIONS:
Helmet use, although protective for the cranium, significantly increases the motion at all spinal segments, especially C2-3 and C5-7, in a rear impact scenario (whiplash). Increasing helmet size results in greater motion change at all cervical spine segments. This is important to consider when designing the helmet and determining the need for additional head-mounted gear in both military and competitive automotive environments.
196 Increased Hemorrhage Risk With Brain AVM-Associated Aneurysms in Children
Authors: Lu Alex Y. , Winkler Ethan A. , Morshed Ramin , Gupta Nalin , Abla Adib Adnan 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a major cause of intracranial hemorrhage with pediatric patients at greater lifetime risk of rupture compared to their adult counterparts. These AVMs can be associated with aneurysms that are either arterial or intranidal. The significance of AVM-associated aneurysms in the pediatric population remains poorly understood due to their rare nature and spare reporting.

METHODS:
We reviewed a prospectively maintained database of pediatric brain AVMs from 1998 to 2021 at the University of California, San Francisco. Inclusion criteria included patients with age ≤ 18 at time of presentation with angiographically-proven AVM.

RESULTS:
Of 231 patients with AVMs, 24 patients harbored 35 arterial aneurysms, and 35 patients harbored 38 intranidal aneurysms. Compared to AVMs without aneurysms with a mean nidus size of 3.02 ± 1.74 cm, AVMs with intranidal aneurysms had a significantly smaller mean nidus size at 2.13 ± 1.12 cm (p = 0.004). AVMs with intranidal aneurysms had a higher proportion of being ruptured on presentation compared to AVMs without aneurysms (94% vs. 59%, p < 0.001). AVMs with intranidal and arterial aneurysms also underwent higher proportions of surgical resection (92% and 80% vs. 59%, p = 0.001) and embolization (37% and 50% vs. 25%, p = 0.022) with higher rates of nidus obliteration (91% and 79% vs. 65%, p = 0.005). In those that were not obliterated, AVMs with intranidal and arterial aneurysms have higher annual hemorrhage risks (10.2% and 7.4% vs. 1.6%) after patient presentation. Patients who underwent a hemorrhage event after presentation had a higher proportion of worsened clinical status compared to presentation (38% vs. 5.6%, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
A higher proportion of AVMs with associated aneurysms present with hemorrhage and are more likely to undergo additional hemorrhage events when incompletely treated compared to AVMs without aneurysms.
206 High Resolution Ultrasound for Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Retrospective Examination of an Emerging Technology
Authors: Xiao Tianqi , Herring Eric , Azghadi Adel , Labak Collin , Preston David , Miller Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Recovery from peripheral nervous system injury (PNI) after trauma has been shown to improve with earlier detection and treatment. Unfortunately, surgical treatments are usually postponed several months after injury due to the need to evaluate for potential recovery without intervention. If diagnostic modalities are able to identify which nerve injuries will require surgical intervention sooner, we may be able to significantly improve outcomes after peripheral nerve injury. High-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) is an imaging modality that potentially could provide this in an economic manner.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who received an HRUS of their PNI at our institution from 01/01/2020-01/31/2022.

RESULTS:
A total of 32 patients were included. The mean age was 45 years with a male predominance (69%). Neuronal and surrounding tissue pathology greater than or equal to the fascicular level could be identified with HRUS. EDx studies were available for 28 (88%) and clinical exams were available for 32 (100%) of patients. Comparing HRUS to the gold standard of a combination of clinical exam and EMG findings, HRUS had a sensitivity of 94% at identifying PNI. Ultimately, 19 (59%) of patients evaluated using HRUS underwent operative intervention.

CONCLUSIONS:
HRUS is an important emerging imaging modality that can identify and characterize PNI. Our study demonstrates the high sensitivity of HRUS in detecting PNI. Additionally, HRUS in our study identified a number of features that may serve as surrogate markers of injury useful in prognosticating recovery. Further work is needed to define the earliest time point HRUS can be used to identify a PNI.