bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub‐lineage B.1.6 of hMPXV in a global context: Phylogeny and epidemiology
Authors: Molina Iris S. , Jimenez‐Vasquez Victor , Lizarraga Wendy , Sevilla Nieves , Hurtado Veronica , Padilla‐Rojas Carlos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring the 2022 COVID‐19 pandemic, monkeypox emerged as a significant threat to global health. The virus responsible for the disease, the human monkeypox virus (hMPXV), underwent various genetic changes, resulting in the emergence of over a dozen distinct lineages, which could be identified by only a small number of unique mutations. As of January 25, 2023, genomic information of hMPXV generated had reached 4632 accessions in the GISAID database. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiological and phylogenetic characteristics of the B.1.6 sub‐lineage of hMPXV in Peru, compared with other circulating sub‐lineages during the global outbreak. The B.1.6 sub‐lineage, characterized by the 111029G>A mutation, was estimated to have emerged in June 2022 and was found mainly in Peru. Most cases (95.8%) were men with an average age of 33 years, and nearly half of the patients had HIV, of whom only 77.35% received antiretroviral therapy. Our findings revealed that the B.1.6, B.1.4, and B.1.2 sub‐lineages were well represented and had a higher number of mutations despite having the lowest media substitution rates per site per year. Moreover, it was estimated that B.1.2 and B.1.4 appeared in February 2022 and were the first two sub‐lineages to emerge. A mutation profile was also obtained for each sub‐lineage, reflecting that several mutations had a pattern similar to the characteristic mutation. This study provides the first estimation of the substitution rate and ancestry of each monkeypox sub‐lineage belonging to the 2022 outbreak. Based on our findings, continued genomic surveillance of monkeypox is necessary to understand better and track the evolution of the virus.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of polarized human airway epithelium induces necroptosis that causes airway epithelial barrier dysfunction
Authors: Hao Siyuan , Ning Kang , Kuz Cagla A. , Xiong Min , Zou Wei , Park Soo Y. , McFarlin Shane , Yan Ziying , Qiu Jianming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the cause the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). One key feature associated with COVID‐19 is excessive pro‐inflammatory cytokine production that leads to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although the cytokine storm induces inflammatory cell death in the host, which type of programmed cell death mechanism that occurs in various organs and cells remains elusive. Using an in vitro culture model of polarized human airway epithelium (HAE), we observed that necroptosis, but not apoptosis or pyroptosis, plays an essential role in the damage of the epithelial barrier of polarized HAE infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Pharmacological inhibitors of necroptosis, necrostatin‐2 and necrosulfonamide, efficiently prevented cell death and epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Moreover, the silencing of genes that are involved in necroptosis, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, ameliorated airway epithelial damage of the polarized HAE infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. This study, for the first time, confirms that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection triggers necroptosis that disrupts the barrier function of human airway epithelia in vitro.
Effect of aromatic ring on surface and self‐assembly properties of synthesized heterocyclic‐based surfactants
Authors: Patel Divya , Sekhar Kanaparedu P. C. , Nayak Rati Ranjan , Kanjilal Sanjit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHeterocyclic‐based cationic surfactants with dodecyl tail group bridged to the head group either via aromatic ether [3‐(4‐dodecyloxybenzyl)‐1‐methyl‐imidazolium bromide (Ar‐I) and 4‐(4‐dodecyloxybenzyl)‐4‐methyl‐morpholinium bromide (Ar‐M)] or via aliphatic ether [3‐(2‐dodecyloxyethyl)‐1‐methyl imidazolium bromide (Al‐I) and 4‐(2‐dodecyloxyethyl)‐4‐methyl morpholinium bromide (Al‐M)] were synthesized and characterized using different spectral techniques. For the synthesis of Ar‐I and Ar‐M, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid was esterified initially, followed by O‐alkylation, reduction, bromination and finally quaternization either with 1‐methylimidazole or with 4‐methylmorpholine. For the synthesis of aliphatic analogues (Al‐I and Al‐M), ethylene glycol was initially alkylated, followed by tosylation, bromination and quaternization either with 1‐methylimidazole or with 4‐methylmorpholine. Synthesized surfactants were evaluated for surface and self‐assembly properties. Impact of the presence or absence of phenyl ring bridging the polar head and nonpolar tail of the surfactant and also type of heterocyclic moiety in the head group region on micellization and surface properties such as wetting, foaming and emulsification was studied. Surfactants with the bridged aromatic ether moiety were observed to display lower critical micelle concentration than those with the bridged aliphatic ether moiety irrespective of type of heterocyclic molecule in the head group region. Foam volume and stability of the aromatic ether‐bridged surfactant were observed to be superior to their corresponding aliphatic analogs. Similar trend was observed in stabilizing the emulsion. However, aromatic ether‐bridged surfactant depicted poor wetting ability compared to their aliphatic analog. Aliphatic ether bridged surfactant showed higher aggregation number compared to their aromatic counterparts, but depicted similar micellar core polarity.
Preoperative inspiratory muscle weakness as a risk factor of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Okura Kazuki , Suto Akiyoshi , Sato Yusuke , Takahashi Yusuke , Hatakeyama Kazutoshi , Nagaki Yushi , Wakita Akiyuki , Kasukawa Yuji , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Minamiya Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe examined whether preoperative inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW) is a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent subtotal esophagectomy.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with esophageal cancer who underwent a scheduled subtotal esophagectomy between June 2020 and May 2022. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was measured as inspiratory muscle strength using a respiratory dynamometer, and we defined IMW as MIP < 80% of the predicted value. Our primary outcome comprised overall PPCs. We investigated the relationship between IMW and PPCs using the Bayesian logistic regression model.ResultsAfter exclusion, 72 patients were included in this study. IMW was identified in 26 patients (36%), and PPCs developed in 28 patients (39%). Among patients with IMW, 15 (58%) developed PPCs. Preoperative IMW was associated with PPCs (mean odds ratio [OR]: 3.58; 95% credible interval [95% CrI]: 1.29, 9.73) in the unweighted model. A similar association was observed in the weighted model adjusted for preoperative and intraoperative contributing factors (mean OR: 4.15; 95% CrI: 2.04, 8.45).ConclusionsPreoperative IMW was associated with PPCs in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent subtotal esophagectomy. This association remained after adjusting for preoperative and intraoperative contributing factors.
“A slap in the face”: Institutional betrayal, burnout, and career choice regret among frontline health care workers serving COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Park Soim , Closser Svea , Cooney Erin E. , Atkins Kaitlyn , Thrul Johannes , McDonald Kathryn M. , Langhinrichsen‐Rohling Jennifer , Veenema Tener Goodwin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has exacted a physical and mental health toll on health care and hospital workers (HHWs). To provide COVID‐19 care, HHWs expected health care institutions to support equipment and resources, ensure safety for patients and providers, and advocate for employees’ needs. Failure to do these acts has been defined as institutional betrayal. Using a mixed‐methods approach, this study aimed to explore the experience of institutional betrayal in HHWs serving COVID‐19 patients and the associations between self‐reported institutional betrayal and both burnout and career choice regret. Between July 2020 and January 2021, HHWs working in an urban U.S. health care system participated in an online survey (n = 1,189) and semistructured interview (n = 67). Among 1,075 quantitative participants, 57.8% endorsed institutional betrayal. Qualitative participants described frustration when the institution did not prioritize their safety while reporting they perceived receiving inadequate compensation from the system and felt that leadership did not sufficiently respond to their needs. Participants who endorsed prolonged breaches of trust reported more burnout and stronger intent to quit their job. Quantitatively, institutional betrayal endorsement was associated with 3‐fold higher odds of burnout, aOR = 2.94, 95% CI [2.22, 3.89], and 4‐fold higher odds of career choice regret, aOR = 4.31, 95% CI [3.15, 5.89], compared to no endorsement. Developing strategies to prevent, address, and repair institutional betrayal in HHWs may be critical to prevent and reduce burnout and increase motivation to work during and after public health emergencies.
Dermoscopic features of follicular mycosis fungoides of nonscalp areas: Report of 11 cases and literature review
Authors: Saber Mina , Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Mardani Elahe , Fatemi Naeini Farahnaz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFolliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) is a rare variant of MF that involves hair follicles and requires a more aggressive treatment regime. Significantly, some patients with classic MF can eventually have some degree of follicular involvement.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the dermoscopic features of FMF in nonscalp areas to facilitate early diagnosis and posttreatment monitoring.MethodsThe clinical and dermoscopic features in 11 FMF patients were analyzed and compared with the reports in the literature.ResultsObliteration of hair follicles, loss of terminal hairs and hair loss were detected in all patients. Follicular accentuation, follicular dilation and broken hairs were found in almost all patients (90.9%). Other common follicular‐based dermoscopic features (<50%) were follicular plugging, perifollicular orange colour, perifollicular erythema and vessels, hyperpigmented halo around the follicle, follicular hyperkeratosis, comedo‐like lesions and perifollicular scales. The most frequent ‘dominant’ dermoscopic features were follicular accentuation with follicular plugging and dilation of follicular opening.ConclusionsIdentification of specific distinguishing dermoscopic patterns of FMF not only could be helpful in classifying MF patients but also could provide prognostic information regarding the disease course and aid in therapeutic decisions. In MF patients, dilation of follicular opening and spiky follicular keratosis are considered the most specific dermoscopic features of follicular involvement since they are uncommon in other conditions.
Cough Sounds in Screening and Diagnostics: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hegde Siddhi , Sreeram Shreya , Alter Isaac L. , Shor Chaya , Valdez Tulio A. , Meister Kara D. , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine applications of cough sounds towards screening tools and diagnostics in the biomedical and engineering literature, with particular focus on disease types, acoustic data collection protocols, data processing and analytics, accuracy, and limitations.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, IEEE Xplore, Engineering Village, and ACM Digital Library were searched from inception to August 2021.Review MethodsA scoping review was conducted on screening and diagnostic uses of cough sounds in adults, children, and animals, in English peer‐reviewed and gray literature of any design.ResultsFrom a total of 438 abstracts screened, 108 articles met inclusion criteria. Human studies were most common (77.8%); the majority focused on adults (57.3%). Single‐modality acoustic data collection was most common (71.2%), with few multimodal studies, including plethysmography (15.7%) and clinico‐demographic data (7.4%). Data analytics methods were highly variable, with 61.1% using machine learning, the majority of which (78.8%) were published after 2010. Studies commonly focused on cough detection (41.7%) and screening of COVID‐19 (11.1%); among pediatric studies, the most common focus was diagnosis of asthma (52.6%).ConclusionThough the use of cough sounds in diagnostics is not new, academic interest has accelerated in the past decade. Cough sound offers the possibility of an accessible, noninvasive, and low‐cost disease biomarker, particularly in the era of rapid development of machine learning capabilities in combination with the ubiquity of cellular technology with high‐quality recording capability. However, most cough sound literature hinges on nonstandardized data collection protocols and small, nondiverse, single‐modality datasets, with limited external validity.Laryngoscope, 134:1023–1031, 2024
Pretend‐but‐perform regulation of a duopoly under three competition modes
Authors: Saglam Ismail 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper considers a duopoly with asymmetric costs and demand uncertainty to study the welfare effects of the pretend‐but‐perform regulation (PPR) under three modes of competition, involving the Cournot, conjectural variations, and supply function competitions. The PPR induces a two‐stage game where each firm declares in the first stage a cost report and produces in the second stage accordingly. Theoretically, characterizing and numerically computing the equilibrium of this game, we show that the consumer surplus increases if the PPR is applied under the Cournot competition and it decreases if the PPR is applied under the other modes of competition.
Cell‐penetrating peptides predictors: A comparative analysis of methods and datasets
Authors: Guerrero‐Vázquez Karen , Del Rio Gabriel , Brizuela Carlos A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCell‐Penetrating Peptides (CPP) are emerging as an alternative to small‐molecule drugs to expand the range of biomolecules that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Due to the importance of identifying and designing new CPP, a great variety of predictors have been developed to achieve these goals. To establish a ranking for these predictors, a couple of recent studies compared their performances on specific datasets, yet their conclusions cannot determine if the ranking obtained is due to the model, the set of descriptors or the datasets used to test the predictors. We present a systematic study of the influence of the peptide sequence's similarity of the datasets on the predictors’ performance. The analysis reveals that the datasets used for training have a stronger influence on the predictors performance than the model or descriptors employed. We show that datasets with low sequence similarity between the positive and negative examples can be easily separated, and the tested classifiers showed good performance on them. On the other hand, a dataset with high sequence similarity between CPP and non‐CPP will be a hard dataset, and it should be the one to be used for assessing the performance of new predictors.
Trimethylation profile of histones H3 lysine 4 and 9 in late preantral and early antral caprine follicles grown in vivo versus in vitro in the presence of anethole
Authors: Silva Ana F. B. , Morais Ana N. P. , Lima Laritza F. , Ferreira Anna C. A. , Silva Renato F. , Sá Naiza A. R. , Kumar Satish , Oliveira Ariclécio C. , Alves Benner G. , Rodrigues Ana P. R. , Gastal Eduardo L. , Bordignon Vilceu , Figueiredo José R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study assessed the histones methylation profile (H3K4me3 and H3K9me3) in late preantral (PA) and early antral (EA) caprine follicles grown in vivo and in vitro, and the anethole effect during in vitro culture of PA follicles. Uncultured in vivo–grown follicles (PA, n = 64; EA, n = 73) were used as controls to assess the methylation profile and genes' expression related to apoptosis cascade (BAX, proapoptotic; BCL2, antiapoptotic), steroidogenesis (CYP17, CYP19A1), and demethylation (KDM1AX1, KDM1AX2, KDM3A). The isolated PA follicles (n = 174) were cultured in vitro for 6 days in α‐MEM+ in either absence (control) or presence of anethole. After culture, EA follicles were evaluated for methylation, mRNA abundance, and morphometry. Follicle diameter increased after culture, regardless of treatment. The methylation profile and the mRNA abundance were similar between in vivo–grown PA and EA follicles. Anethole treatment led to higher H3K4me3 fluorescence intensity in EA follicles. The mRNA abundances of BAX, CYP17, and CYP19A1 were higher, and BCL2 and KDM3A were lower in in vitro–grown EA follicles than in vivo–grown follicles. In conclusion, in vitro follicle culture affected H3K4me3 fluorescence intensity, mRNA abundance of apoptotic genes, and steroidogenic and demethylase enzymes compared with in vivo–grown follicles.
Recurrent urinary tract infection management and prevention techniques among a population‐based cohort of women
Authors: Gleicher Stephanie , Sebesta Elisabeth M. , Kaufman Melissa R. , Dmochowski Roger R. , Reynolds William Stuart 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionRecurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI), defined as three or more UTIs in 12 months, has psychological, physical, and financial burden. Many women with rUTI are not satisfied with care and report only starting preventative measures after several infections. The goal of this study is to elucidate current UTI management trends and the implementation of UTI prevention strategies.MethodsA web‐based study was sent to a national sample of adult women enrolled in ResearchMatch.org. Women were recruited to participate if they had a self‐reported UTI in the past 12 months.ResultsOf the 755 subjects, nearly 30% reported rUTI. Among women with rUTI, more than 50% reported being peri‐ or postmenopausal, and two‐thirds reported vaginal symptoms. 15.8% of women with rUTI reported dissatisfaction with care versus 7.9% of women without rUTI. Most women see their primary care physician for UTI management and only 26% of women with rUTI follow with a urologist. More than 65% of women increase their fluid intake, wipe from front to back, and urinate after sexual activity to prevent UTIs. Significantly more women with rUTI use transvaginal estrogen, cranberry extract, and low‐dose prophylactic antibiotics. These interventions appear to be driven by urologists.ConclusionMost women who have had a UTI in the last 12 months implement lifestyle changes to prevent future infections. Most women see their PCP for UTI management and women with rUTI are twice as likely to report dissatisfaction with care. Despite urologists optimizing medical rUTI prevention, they appear to be underutilized.
Simulation of precipitate hardening in ferroelectric material
Authors: Bohnen Matthias , Müller Ralf 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrecipitate hardening is introduced as a mechanism to tune the reaction of ferroelectric materials to the application of an external electric field. For this purpose, a phase field model for polarization in ferroelectric material is presented in this paper. Different materials with and without precipitates are simulated and the respective hysteresis curves for charge and macroscopic strain are derived. The results show a reduction of the hysteresis curves if precipitates are present in the material, which confirms the experimental observation of recent material studies.
Rational tailoring of architectures and microenvironment on MOFs/natural clay hybrid materials for efficiently boosted performance of hybrid proton exchange membranes
Authors: Feng Xiaohong , Wang Jie , Liu Hai , Gong Chunli , Cheng Fan , Ni Jing , Hu Fuqiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is now becoming the most fascinating conductive materials due to designable structure and pores at molecular level, and available crystal structure for the study of conduction mechanism. Nevertheless, comparing to the design of molecular structures of MOFs, the hybrid of MOFs with special micro/nano‐structured materials is considered to be a more effective approach for improved properties. In this study, the PAT@UiO‐66‐SO3H hybrid material was constructed with high conductive UiO‐66‐SO3H, a famous kind of MOFs, and polydopamine‐coated natural clay attapulgite (PAT), then the prepared hybrid material was blended with chitosan (CS) to prepare proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Owing to the special architectures and microenvironment, combining with the advantages of composition with UiO‐66‐SO3H and attapulgite, the prepared composite membranes showed considerable improved performances, including tensile strength, thermal and structural stability, fuel resistance ability, conduction and single cell performances. The CS/PAT@UiO‐66‐SO3H‐5 composite membrane exhibited the highly enhanced tensile strength of 67 MPa and improved thermal stability with Tg value of 235°C, as well as the lowest methanol crossover value of 1.2 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. Besides, the highest proton conductivity of 38.8 mS cm−1 at 80°C and power density of 37.9 mWcm−2 was achieved with CS/PAT@UiO‐66‐SO3H‐3 composite membrane, these performances were higher than pristine CS of 22.7 mS cm−1 and 32.2 mW cm−2 respectively. Our investigation reveals great application potential of MOFs based hybrid materials in fabricating of high performance composite PEMs.Highlights
PAT@UiO‐66‐SO3H hybrid materials were constructed from MOFs and natural clay.
The hybrid materials possessed special architectures and microenvironment.
The PAT@UiO‐66‐SO3H introduced consecutive channels and proton sites.
The hybrid membranes achieved excellent performances.
Structural, mechanical, and thermal features of PVA/starch/graphene oxide nanocomposite enriched with WO3 as gamma–ray radiation shielding materials for medical applications
Authors: Atta M. M. , Abou‐Laila M. T. , Abdelwahed Mohsen H. , Dwidar Samy A. , Desouky Omar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch/graphene oxide nanocomposites containing different ratios of tungsten oxide (WO3) were prepared for use in the medical field as low‐cost, facile, eco‐friendly, and biodegradable low‐energy γ‐ray shielding materials. The effect of different WO3 loading (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wt%) on nanocomposites' structural, mechanical, and gamma attenuation properties was studied. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope verified the incorporation of WO3 into the nanocomposite matrix. The thermal stability and activation energy of the decomposition of nanocomposites showed continuous improvement with increasing WO3. The maximum tensile strength and elongation of nanocomposites were achieved by incorporating 4 wt% WO3 compared to the lowest tensile strength and elongation at 8 and 12 wt% of WO3, respectively. The good filler distribution inside the polymeric matrix at lower filler loading compared to the creation of voids and agglomeration at higher filler levels explains this behavior. It was found that nanocomposites' calculated mass attenuation coefficient μm (cm2/g) increased with increasing WO3 at different photon energies. Half‐value layer (HVL) and tenth‐value layer (TVL) values fall as WO3 concentration rises. The sample with 12 wt% of WO3 exhibits lower HVL and TVL values and higher μm, demonstrating a more remarkable gamma attenuation ability. Such results endorsed the prepared nanocomposites as low energy γ‐rays attenuation materials in medical fields.Highlights
PVA/starch/graphene oxide nanocomposites with different WO3s were fabricated as shielding materials.
The impact of WO3 on nanocomposites' mechanical and shielding characteristics was studied
Thermal stability of nanocomposites showed continuous improvement with increasing WO3
μm increased with continuously increasing WO3 at different photon energies.