bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Freedom to Detention: A Systematic Analysis of Swedish Asylum Legislation
Authors: Duić Dunja , Jambrešić Marina 
Published: December 2022

As one of the fundamental human rights that belong to every human being, freedom of movement is prescribed at the international, EU and national level. Every person has the right to move freely and must not be unlawfully deprived of freedom. The right to freedom of movement is the rule and restricting it the exception. Nevertheless, there occasionally do exist justified reasons for restricting certain rights, including the right to freedom of movement. Asylum seekers (ASs), much like all other persons, have the right to freedom of movement, though not always without restrictions. The migration and refugee crisis that began in 2015 brought many a challenge for the EU, a major one being the striking of balance between protecting human rights and protecting the national security of the Member States (MSs). Until the onset of the 2015 migration and refugee crisis, Sweden was a country open to migrants and refugees and highly protective of their rights. Soon after, as a self-protection and – preservation measure, Sweden began increasingly frequently restricting the freedom of movement of and imposing detention on ASs. But did Sweden’s newly adopted approach remain in line with international and European legal norms? To determine this, this article offers a systematic analysis of the compliance of Swedish legislation with international and EU standards in regard to restrictions on the freedom of movement of ASs, including minors, with special reference to the imposing of detention.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PETERNAK TERHADAP MINAT MASYARAKAT DALAM BETERNAK KUDA DI DESA NAPU KECAMATAN HAHARU KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR.
Authors: Horung Metro Umbu , Sirappa Iven Patu 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat minat beternak kuda di Desa Napu, Kecamatan Haharu, dan mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik peternak (umur, pendidikan, pengalaman beternak, jumlah orang) tergantung pada keluarga dan jumlah pemilik hewan peliharaan) bagi yang berminat juga di peternakan kuda di desa Napu, kabupaten Haharu. Lokasi penelitian akan berlokasi di salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Jumlah responden dari peternak kuda berjumlah 25 responden. Kekhawatiran yang dianalisis meliputi usia responden, tingkat pendidikan responden, pengalaman peternak responden, jumlah tanggungan responden, dan jumlah pemilik ternak dengan regresi linier kembali dengan skala Likert menggunakan SPSS 16. Tanggung jawab keluarga dan kepemilikan hewan peliharaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat masyarakat terhadap peternakan.

Kata kunci: Minat masyarakat, Kuda, dan Karakteristik
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA PENGGILINGAN PADI DAN KUALITAS NUTRISI DEDAK PADI DI KECAMATAN WULA WAIJELU KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR
Authors: Pahambang Yanto , Sirappa Iven Patu 
Published: December 2022

Usaha penggilingan padi merupakan salah satu usaha yang di lakukan dalam mendapatkan keuntungan (pendapatan). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pendapatan usaha penggilingan padi, dan kandungan nutrisi dedak padi. Sebanyak 8 pemilik usaha penggilingan padi yang responden. Penelitian ini di lakukakan di Kecamatan Wula Waijelu Kabupaten Sumba Timur mulai dari bulan September sampai Oktober di tahun 2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan kuantitatif. Penentuan sampel secara sensus serta 6 sampel yang di pakai untuk analisis kandungan nutrisi dedak di pilih secara stratifikasi random sampling (acak), Analisis proksimat di gunakan untuk mengetahui kualitas dedak padi. Hasil penelitian ini pendapatan usaha penggilingan padi sebesar Rp.70.959.000, rata- rata pendatanRp.8.869.875 dengan R/C 1,49. Jadi Pendapatan ini berada di titik impas pokok usaha penggilingan padi. Sedangkan untuk rata-rata kandungan nutrisi dedak yaitu bahan kering 75,712%, protein kasar 7,894%, dan serat kasar 11,291%. Jadi, dedak padi sebagai pakan ternak di kecamatan Wulan waijelu belum memenuhi standar pakan ternak terlebih khusus ternak unggas.
ANALISIS USAHA PENDAPATAN PENGILINGAN PADI DAN KUALITAS DEDAK DI KECAMATAN PAHUNGGA LODU, KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR
Authors: Babahari Christo Ade alfa , Sirappa Iven Patu 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini di laksanakan untuk dapat mengetahui pendapatan usaha, faktor - faktor yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan usaha penggilingan padi, dan kualitas dedak padi. Penentuan tempat penelitian di lakukan secara sensus di kecamatan Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Dengan 9 responden pemilik usaha penggilingan. Pendapatan yang di analisis deskriptif meliputi pengeluaran dan penerimaan, Faktor produksi yang mempengarui pendapatan dianalisis menggunakan dengan metode regresi linear berganda dengan pendugaan parameter menggunakan SPSS 16, serta kualitas dedak padi di analisis dengan proksimat menggunakan prosedur katul tester. Dari hasil penelitian ini pendapatan usaha penggilingan padi di Kecamatan Pahunga lodu sebesar Rp, 260,943,704,8 Dari 4 variabel penelitian yang di pakai tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan dan perkiaan kandungan kualitas nutrisi dedak padi sebesar 20% dan 10%.
KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA SAPI SUMBA ONGOLE DALAM PENGENCER TRIS KUNING TELUR YANG DISIMPAN PADA SUHU RUANG
Authors: Awang Musa Tay Lamba , Kaka Alexander , Pati Denisius Umbu 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas spermatozoa sapi SO yang di simpan pada suhu ruang. Materi yang digunakan adalah semen pejantan yang bersumber dari 2 (dua) ekor sapi SO yang telah terlatih untuk diambil semennya. Semen yang di hasilkan di tampung dengan metode vagina buatan yang dilakukan setiap 3 hari sekali penampungan. Sedangkan rancangan percobaan dalam penelitian terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 10 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 30 unit percobaan antara lain: P1 : Pengencer tris (PT) 90% + kuning telur (KT) 10%; P2: PT 80% + KT 20% dan P3: PT 70% + KT 30%. Adapun variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi variabel makroskopis yakni volume, warna, konsistensi, pH bau). Sedangkan variabel makroskopis antara lain gerakan massa, gerakan individu, konsentrasi, viabilitas dan abonormalitas. Semua data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis of variance dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil. Hasil analisis of variance pada perlakuan P2 berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan P1 dan P2 terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa sapi SO. Hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan level kuning telur yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh terhadap motilitas spermatozoa dengan level kuning telur sebaiknya menggunakan maksimal 20%.
STRUKTUR POPULASI DAN PERFORMANS REPRODUKSI TERNAK KAMBING PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI DESA KUTA KECAMATAN KANATANG
Authors: Wily Febriani Danga , Kaka Alexander , Pati Denisius Umbu 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur populasi dan performans reproduksi ternak Kambing di Desa Kuta, Kecamatan Kanatang yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari-Maret 2022, menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan melalui kegiatan survey, wawancara yang dilengkapi dengan daftar pertanyaan kuisioner langsung terhadap 26 orang responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan statistik deskriptif dengan melihat tabel frekuensi dari setiap indikator variabel yang di ukur meliputi struktur populasi jantan dan betina yaitu anak (< 1 tahun), muda (1-2 tahun), dewasa ( ˃ 3 tahun). Performans Reproduksi Ternak Kambing yaitu meliputi angka kebuntingan, tingkat kebuntingan, litter size, jumlah sapih, angka mortalitas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur populasi ternak kambing didominasikan oleh ternak betina dan jantan secara berurutan yaitu anak 54,31: 45,69%, muda 63,33:36,67%, dewasa 97,86: 2,16%. Performans reproduksi ternak kambing yakni angka kebuntingan 50,49%, little size 2 ekor serta mortalitas 11,23%. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Performans reproduksi induk ternak kambing tergolong dalam kategori rendah
UJI KUALITAS FISIK DAN KIMIAWI DEDAK PADI PENGGILINGAN DI KECAMATAN KAMBATA MAPAMBUHANG KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR
Authors: Nara Yohanis , Sudarma I Made Adi 
Published: December 2022

Dedak padi saat ini mempunyai potensi yang tinggi sebagai sumber bahan pakan dan energi serta mempunyai pendapatan dan harganya relatif murah jumlah yang cukup besar di Kabupaten Sumba Timur.Tujuan dari penetian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas fisik dan kimiawi dedak padi penggilingan di Kecamatan Kambata Mapambuhang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan yaitu dari bulan Mei – Juli 2022. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiap-tiap usaha penggilingan padi yang mengeluarkan sekam dan tidak mengeluarkan sekam sebanyak 2 kg dedak padi untuk dijadikan bahan penelitian di Laboratorium. Sampel yang terkumpul akan dianalisis deskriptif. Uji kualitas fisik dedak padi dilakukan di Laboratorium MIPA Terpadu Universitas Wira Wacana Sumba. Sedangkan uji kualitas kimia bahan kering,protein kasar dan serat kasar dedak padi dilakukan di Laboratorium Kima Pakan Undana Kupang. Kerapatan tumpukan dan kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan dedak padi tidak memiliki pengaruh nyata pada tiap-tiap usaha penggilingan padi. Rata-rata kandungan kimia dedak padi bahan kering 89.317% , protein kasar 10.4825 % , serat kasar 16.486%.
UJI KUALITAS FISIK DAN KIMIAWI DEDAK PADI PENGGILINGAN DI KECAMATAN KATALA HAMU LINGU KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR
Authors: Hamalinda Agus Jawa , Sudarma I Made Adi 
Published: December 2022

Dedak padi merupakan hasil samping dari penggilingan padi yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pakan dengan proses penggilingan padi yang mempengaruhi kualitas fisik dengan kualitas kimiawi dedak padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui uji kualitas fisik dan kimiawi dedak padi pengilingan di Kecamatan Katala Hamu Lingu Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Metode pengambilan data mengunakan sensus pada semua semua pengilingan padi yang ada di di kecamatan katala hamu lingu sejumllah 10 (sepuluh pengilingan). Setiap penggilingan di ambil sampel untuk diukur kualitas fisik dan kimiawi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa tidak adanya perbedaan yang nyata antara kualitas dedak padi yang mengeluarkan sekaam dan tidak mengeluarkan sekam dengan nilai rata-rata kerapatan tumpukan 383,715%, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan 519,825%., bahan kering 94,166%, protein kasar 11,195%, dan serat kasar 15,459%. disimpulkan bahwa dedak padi yang di hasilkan Kecamatan Katala Hamu Lingu Kabupaten Sumba Timur memilki kualitas yang cukup baik namun dibandingkan Standar Nasional Indonesia belum memenuhi standar mutu pakan.
KHẢO SÁT QUY TRÌNH CHIẾT XUẤT DỊCH CHIẾT TỪ VỎ BƯỞI VÀ QUY TRÌNH BÀO CHẾ CAO KHÔ VỎ BƯỞI THEO HƯỚNG CHỐNG OXY HÓA
Authors: Lưu Thái Quản , Ngô Anh Đức , Phan Minh Tú , Đỗ Thị Hồng Xuyến , Nguyễn Ngọc Quỳnh , Võ Thị Mỹ Hương 
Published: December 2022

Đặt vấn đề: Để bắt kịp xu hướng thị trường và mong muốn tái sử dụng nguồn nguyên liệu phế phẩm một cách hiệu quả, nhóm nghiên cứu của chúng tôi đã tiến hành cứu xây dựng quy trình chiết xuất dịch chiết từ vỏ Bưởi và bào chế cao khô vỏ Bưởi theo hướng chống oxy hóa. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Khảo sát quy trình chiết xuất dịch chiết từ vỏ Bưởi và quy trình bào chế cao khô vỏ Bưởi. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Vỏ quả giữa của bưởi. Khảo sát các điều kiện chiết xuất: dung môi, nhiệt độ, thời gian chiết, tỉ lệ dung môi dược liệu và số lần chiết. Đánh giá kết quả khảo sát thông qua bảng điểm và độ ẩm. Bào chế cao khô vỏ Bưởi. Kết quả: kết quả dung môi ethanol 70% đạt số điểm cao nhất (10 điểm) trong 3 dung môi. Về nhiệt độ chiết, kết quả tổng điểm đánh giá cao nhất là nhiệt độ 70 oC (9 điểm). Thời gian chiết có số điểm khảo sát cao nhất là 120 phút (9 điểm) và các thời gian khác đều đạt 8 điểm. Tỉ lệ dung môi:dược liệu 14:1 đạt 12 điểm trên tổng điểm. Khi khảo sát số lần chiết từ 1 đến 4 lần, chiết 3 lần đạt điểm số cao nhất. Kết quả bào chế cao khô vỏ Bưởi, lactose với tỉ lệ 1:4 thu được độ ẩm ổn định nhất (1,5%). Kết quả kiểm nghiệm cao khô: độ mất khối lượng do làm khô là 1,23%, âm tính với các vi khuẩn, dương tính với các phản ứng định tính và thẩm định được quy trình định lượng polyphenol toàn phần. Kết luận: Quy trình chiết xuất dịch chiết từ vỏ Bưởi với điều kiện: dung môi chiết là ethanol 70%, nhiệt độ 70 oC, thời gian chiết 120 phút, tỉ lệ dung môi:dược liệu là 14:1, số lần chiết 3 lần. Bào chế cao khô bằng tá dược lactose với tỉ lệ 1:4.
Artists, Dabblers, Dilettantes The Modernity of Hegel's concept of 'work of art'
Authors: Raters Marie-Luise 
Published: December 2022

The essay argues for the modernity of Hegel's concept of the ‘profane work of art’. (1) The first part rejects three standard objections to the modernity of Hegel's concept of ‘work of art’. (2) The second part deals with the function of the physical form of the artwork. (3) The third part emphasizes (in discussion with prominent ‘Hegelian aesthetics’) that the profane art after the ‘end of art’ is absolutely free in its contents. (3) For Hegel the artists of all eras have to have the technical skills to embody an interesting content adequately in the different physical materials of the arts. This distinguishes the artist (in contemporary art as well as in the art of past epochs) from dabblers and dilettantes. So the fourth part briefly sketches out what an 'adequate embodiment’ could be. (5) Without discussing details the essay at the end draws the following conclusion: Hegel’s aesthetics is not out of time because of his concept of the profane work of art. The profane work of art is created as an adequate physical embodiment of an interesting content. An adequate physical embodiment is (i) clear, but also (ii) complex and puzzling, and it is (iii) technically perfect. And the leading thesis is that all great works of art (and especially the great works of art of our time) are well described by this concept.
Universal Development and the Aesthetic Dimensions of Marxism
Authors: Duarte Araujo Christopher , Elias Paul 
Published: December 2022

The paper explores some of the underappreciated aesthetic dimensions of Marx's writings by beginning with a brief criticism of the two interpretative positions which tend to dominate such discussions. The first is a form of crude determinism which reduces art and all other 'superstructural' forms to ideological expressions of the social relations with which they are bound-up. The second reading is based upon a romantically conceived emphasis upon Marx's earlier works at the extense of later insights. What both of these views ignore to differing degrees is the developmental philosophy which lies behind Marx's claims about aesthetics. Our interpretation regards Marxism as an emancipatory project predicated upon the creation of the conditions necessary for the free and full realization of each and every individual. The cultivation of one's creative capacities and aesthetic sensibilities is an essential component of what Marx refers to as a 'totally developed individual'. This is why he emphasized that the 'general reduction of necessary labour' to a minimum in a socialist society would, at the same time, correspond with the 'artistic, scientific, etc., development of the individiuals in the time set free, and with the means created, for all of them'. Hence, in a 'communist society', wrote Marx and Engels, 'there are no painters, but only people who engage in painting among other activities'. Marx, Aesthetics, Artistic Development, Beauty
The paradox of fact from fiction; What fiction can and can’t tell us about the real world
Authors: Jones Todd 
Published: December 2022

In philosophical discussions of literature, there is a great deal of discussion about what’s been termed “the paradox of fiction”: how is it that we can be emotionally moved by characters that we know are not real? But an important related problem might be called the paradox of fact from fiction: how can an invented fictional world give us knowledge about the real one? In this essay I will look carefully at how fictional worlds could possibly tell us about real ones, and whether they, in fact, tends to do so. I then discuss ideas about how we might change how fiction is taught, in light of these conclusions.
"Police Adjective" and Attunement to the Significance of Things
Authors: Fox Craig 
Published: December 2022

In this paper I consider Corneliu Porumboiu’s Police, Adjective (Romania, 2009) as an instance of a puzzling work of art. Part of what is puzzling about it is the range of extreme responses to it, both positive and negative. I make sense of this puzzlement and try to alleviate it, while considering the film alongside Ludwig Wittgenstein’s arguably puzzling “Lectures on Aesthetics” (from 1938). I use each work to illuminate possible understandings of the other. The upshot is that it is is plausible to regard both as engaged, in part, in preparing us to make sense both of themselves, and then also of other works.
Mother-Daughter Identity Constructs in "Lady Snowblood" and "Carrie"
Authors: A. Hrehor Kristin 
Published: December 2022

Both Carrie (1976) and Lady Snowblood (1973) have each received significant attention in critical film theory and philosophical works. However, when considered with the aim of drawing comparisons rather than focusing on established theoretical concerns that prevent or at least obfuscate such a pairing, both films betray the same approach to identity construction with respect to the main female characters. This approach involves the reliance on a narrative construct in which a repressive condition is placed upon the leading women in these films, a condition that, when critically evaluated, may have more widespread implications for how we ought to represent women in film in general. While the interpretations presented here and the value that they hold may overlap with claims already made about such films in non-comparative contexts, the analysis here may serve to foreground certain structural features that make these films warrant renewed attention due to the underlying assumptions implicit in their development about the critical role of a mother with respect to how a daughter defines her own identity.
Emotion and Empirical Aesthetics
Authors: Spaid Sue 
Published: December 2022

The rise in neuroaesthetics laboratories across the globe has led to scores of experiments designed to grasp people’s emotional, cognitive and perceptual responses to artworks, yet few researchers have studied spectators experiencing visual art in actual exhibitions. In 2015, Volker Kirchberg and Martin Tröndle published the results of their five-year experiment, whereby they mapped the physiological, social, psychological and aesthetic experiences of ‘600 diverse persons with a designed exhibition of classic modern and contemporary art as part of the Swiss national research project eMotion’. Their study’s most counter-intuitive discovery is the negligible role played by emotional response for those most engaged with artworks, that is, those spectators who regularly assess, evaluate and judge artworks. Given that not all appreciative attitudes reflect emotional responses, this paper argues that it would behoove researchers to study artworks that literally ‘move us’, causing us to take action, shift perspectives and adopt new values.
Spinoza and the Genesis of the Aesthetic
Authors: Trop Gabriel 
Published: December 2022

This paper identifies an aesthetics implicit in Spinoza’s philosophy through the concept of a genesis of the aesthetic. A genesis of the aesthetic indicates that a philosophy of art is not yet fully formed in his work, but can emerge as a consequence or effect of his thought. This theory would evaluate the work of art primarily in its relationship to truth. Following the architectonics of Spinoza’s own thought, this paper constructs a progression – from the imagination, to reason, to intuition – toward a concept of aesthetic practices that aligns itself ever more closely with the freedom, perfection, and affirmation of infinite substance itself. The specific forms of aesthetic reception and production flowing from Spinoza’s ideal of wisdom unite two seemingly disparate paradigms: the aesthetic as essentially affirmative, as a joy in the individual power of every individuated thing, on the one hand; and the cultivation of a critical, ethically informed aesthetics of liberation, one capable of occupying different positions (obedience, autonomy, resistance) with respect to state or sovereign power, on the other hand.
On a dicraeosaurid specimen from the Mulichinco Formation (Valanginian, Neuquén Basin) of Argentina and phylogenetic relationships of the South American dicraeosaurids (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea)
Authors: WINDHOLZ Guillermo J. , CORIA Rodolfo A. , BELLARDINI Flavio , Mattia A. BAIANO undefined , Diego PINO undefined , Francisco ORTEGA undefined , Philip J. CURRIE undefined 
Published: December 2022

The osteology of Pilmatueia faundezi Coria, Windholz, Ortega & Currie, 2019, a dicraeosaurid sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia, is reassessed from the perspective of a new specimen (MLL-Pv-010) that provides additional information on the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle. The specimen MLL-Pv-010 is composed of three articulated anterior-middle cervical vertebrae (with their respective ribs in position and an associated fourth rib), seven dorsal vertebrae with associated dorsal ribs, a distal caudal vertebra, a left scapula and the proximal end of a right scapula. The new specimen shows features, especially in the middle cervical vertebrae, that link it to Pilmatueia faundezi. Additionally, the specimen MLL-Pv-010 shows features previously unknown for the species, such as the morphology and orientation of the bifid neural spines of the anterior and mid-cervical vertebrae. The information obtained from the specimen MLL-Pv-010 allows us to propose an expanded diagnosis of Pilmatueia faundezi. Moreover, two phylogenetic analyses focusing on South American dicraeosaurids show that Pilmatueia Coria, Windholz, Ortega & Currie, 2019 is well nested within Dicraeosauridae Huene, 1927. One of our phylogenetic hypotheses differs from previous contributions in showing South American dicraeosaurids as a monophyletic group. However, in the second hypothesis these are not recovered as a natural group. We think that it is reasonable to recover a South American dicraeosaurid clade, and that eventually it will be best supported once more evidence is recovered.
Partidos políticos y transiciones inacabadas en América Latina
Authors: Bertaccini Tiziana , Illades Carlos 
Published: December 2022

Las movilizaciones que sacudieron América Latina en los últimos meses de 2019 han reavivado el debate, nunca concluido, sobre la democracia. El 2019 terminó con los peores indicadores democráticos desde el 2006, en un escenario mundial de general deterioro de la democracia. En efecto, si bien la región ha sido clasificada como la más democrática entre los países emergentes, presenta un trend (democrático) en constante disminución desde hace algunos años, tanto que la directora del Latinobarómetro Marta Lagos ha clasificado 2018 como “l’annus horribilis” que podría incluso marcar el fin de la tercera ola democrática. A partir de las transiciones se han evidenciado patologías crónicas en el funcionamiento de las democracias latinoamericanas que se encuentran siempre en riesgo de retroceder, lo que nos lleva a interrogarnos sobre la consolidación del camino democrático a lo largo del nuevo milenio y a poner en duda los resultados mismos de transiciones que hoy aparecen todavía inacabadas.
El enfoque ecológico: una experiencia en la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera
Authors: CARVALHO DO AMARAL MARIA DA GRAÇA , DAMASSENO AMANDA 
Published: December 2022

Este trabajo presenta una experiencia de enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera en el sur de Brasil, en la ciudad de Rio Grande, estado Rio Grande do Sul, en CCMar, ‘Centro de Convívio dos Meninos do Mar’. Ese centro tiene como objetivo ofrecer cursos a jóvenes de entre catorce y diecisiete años envulnerabilidad social. La experiencia que presentamos forma parte de un proyecto de extensión titulado ‘Español no CCMar’; ese proyecto fue un curso de 40 horas ofrecido a los estudiantes e incluyó contribuciones teóricas del enfoque ecológico deenseñanza de lenguas.