bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of 44 major components and chemical profiling of saccharide in Chinese medicinal formula Lanqin Oral Liquid
Authors: Zhao Heng‐Li , Liu Run‐Zhou , Ding Meng , Fan Ya‐Liu , Lin Bin‐Bin , Lu Hong‐Wei , Wen Xiao‐Dong , Li Ping , Yang Hua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionLanqin Oral Liquid (LQL) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation (TCMP) containing five herbal medicines and has been commonly used for the treatment of pharyngitis and hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease in clinic. The material basis of LQL has been reported in our previous study, but the contents of the major components and the features of saccharide in LQL are still unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to establish accurate and rapid methods for the quantification of the major components and profiling of saccharide in LQL. The quantitative results combined with similarity evaluation were applied to improve the quality control of LQL.MethodologyAn ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QQQ‐MS) method was utilised to determine 44 major components. Cosine similarity was used to evaluate the similarities among 20 batches of LQL based on the quantitative results of 44 major components. The physicochemical properties, structure, composition, and contents of saccharide in LQL were detected by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis.ResultsA total of 44 compounds, including flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, alkaloids, and nucleosides, were accurately determined. The 20 batches of LQL were remarkably similar (> 0.95). In addition, d‐glucose, galactose, d‐glucuronic acid, arabinose, and d‐mannose were detected in saccharide of LQL. The contents of saccharide in LQL were 13.52–21.09 mg/ml.ConclusionsThe established methods can be applied for the comprehensive quality control of LQL, including characterisation of saccharide and quantification of representative components. Our study will provide a robust chemical foundation for disclosing the quality markers of its therapeutic effect.
Reinforcing behavior of reclaimed rubber filled natural rubber composites
Authors: Yao Huidan , Dong Hailing , Feng Xincong , Yang Huiru , Ma Yongjie , Zhou Qi , Zhao Hongying , Zhang Ping , Sun Chong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the growing volume of waste rubber products, the pressures on the environment and resources become increasingly serious. The reclamation of waste rubber products is one of the practical methods to meet this challenge. Therefore, the application of reclaimed rubber (RR) attracts researchers’ attention. In this work, different contents of natural rubber (NR) matrix are replaced by RR and the reinforcing behavior of the RR phase is discussed. The results show that the crosslinking density, Payne effect and 100% modulus increase with increase in RR content in the NR/RR blends when the RR content is not more than 60 phr, and then drop when the RR content gets to 80 phr. It is inferred that both the NR and the RR constitute co‐continuous phases when the RR content is 60 phr, and the RR phase is the only continuous phase when its content reaches 80 phr, which can be confirmed by SEM observation. Besides, the curing rate is enhanced with increase of the RR content. It is also found that structures with high crosslinking density appear when the RR is incorporated into the NR matrix. Finally, it is proposed that carbon black in the RR, a structure with high crosslinking density and a continuous rubber matrix are important factors influencing the reinforcement behaviour in RR filled rubber composites. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
On the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of estrogens in lipid and aqueous media: A theoretical study
Authors: Hernández‐Hernández María F. , Tejeda‐Medina Eduardo A. , Espinoza César , Medina Manuel E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the evidence on the antioxidant capability of estrogens, little is known about their reaction mechanism involved. According to the above, this work was carried out on the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of three estrogens—estriol (EST), estradiol (ESD), and estrone (ESO)—in lipid and aqueous media by theoretical methodologies employing the DFT. In lipid and aqueous media, hydrogen transfer was the main reaction mechanism on the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging of EST, ESD, and ESO. The reaction rate constants calculated in lipid media were 1.08 × 106, 8.39 × 104, and 6.43 × 104 M−1 s−1 for the EST, ESD, and ESO, respectively. The reaction rate constants calculated in aqueous media were 3.00 × 106, 3.58 × 106, and 1.05 × 108 M−1 s−1 on the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of EST, ESD, and ESO, respectively. The results also showed that the EST, ESD, and ESO estrogens could scavenge high reactivity radicals through the SET mechanism in aqueous media. In lipid media, estrogens are moderate antioxidants, whereas in aqueous media, these are good antioxidants. These theoretical results support the intrinsic antioxidant activity of EST, ESD, and ESO estrogens in lipid and aqueous media.
Structure and elasticity of healthy and Alzheimer's disease cell membranes revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Mai Thi Ly , Nguyen Hoa Thi , Derreumaux Philippe , Nguyen Phuong H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInteractions of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides with neuronal membrane are associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ganglioside monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) lipids have been shown to form clusters that induce the structural conversion of Aβ and promote the incorporation of Aβ into the membrane via the membrane surface electrical potential. Prior to the onset of AD symptoms, GM1 clusters may not have formed but the concentration of GM1 may have already changed, and our question is whether this early concentration modification affects the structure and mechanical properties of the membrane. Using one model for healthy cell membranes and three models for AD cell membranes, we carry out 2 µs all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations for each model to compare the structure and elasticity of the two membrane types. The simulations show that at the physiological concentration, 1%–3%, GM1 does not form clusters. The reduction of the GM1 lipid does not significantly alter the area per lipid, the membrane thickness, and the lipid order parameters of the AD membranes. However, the dipole potential, the bending, and twist moduli are decreased for the AD membranes. We suggest that these changes in the AD membranes are factors that could trigger the interaction and incorporation of Aβ to the membranes. Finally, we show that changes in the sphingomyelin lipid concentrations do not affect the membrane structure and elasticity.
Automatic multi‐label temporal bone computed tomography segmentation with deep learning
Authors: Zhou Langtao , Li Zhenhua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundManually segmenting temporal bone computed tomography (CT) images is difficult. Despite accurate automatic segmentation in previous studies using deep learning, they did not consider clinical differences, such as variations in CT scanners. Such differences can significantly affect the accuracy of segmentation.MethodsOur dataset included 147 scans from three different scanners, and we used Res U‐Net, SegResNet, and UNETR neural networks to segment four structures: the ossicular chain (OC), internal auditory canal (IAC), facial nerve (FN), and labyrinth (LA).ResultsThe experimental results yielded high mean Dice similarity coefficients of 0.8121, 0.8809, 0.6858, 0.9329, and a low mean of 95% Hausdorff distances of 0.1431 mm, 0.1518 mm, 0.2550 mm, and 0.0640 mm for OC, IAC, FN, and LA, respectively.ConclusionsThis study shows that automated deep learning‐based segmentation techniques successfully segment temporal bone structures using CT data from different scanners. Our research can further promote its clinical application.
Hidden Markov model‐based approach on real‐time output reachable set synthesis for discrete‐time nonlinear Markovian jump systems
Authors: Feng Zhiguang , Feng Bo , Li Liya , Zhang Naifu , Jiang Zhengyi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis note addresses the asynchronous state‐feedback control (ASC) for delay nonlinear Markovian jump systems (DNMJSs) subject to reachable set boundary. Under taking time‐varying delays and external disturbance into consideration, Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model is adopted to approximate the nonlinear dynamics systems. Although the assumption about time‐delay is practical, it will cause subsystem modes to be not synchronous with the controller modes. As a consequence, the description method of the nonsynchronous phenomenon is introduced, which is a hidden Markov model. Furthermore, an available ASC is designed and all reachable states of the system is constrained within the compact ellipsoidal boundary to guarantee the safe operation of the DNMJSs. The existence conditions of the desired ASC are obtained via solving a group of feasible linear matrix inequalities. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to verify the availability of the proposed method in this article.
SMART RHESINs—Superparamagnetic Magnetite Architecture Made of Phenolic Resin Hollow Spheres Coated with Eu(III) Containing Silica Nanoparticles for Future Quantitative Magnetic Particle Imaging Applications
Authors: Feye Julia , Matthias Jessica , Fischer Alena , Rudolph David , Treptow Jens , Popescu Radian , Franke Jochen , Exarhos Annemarie L. , Boekelheide Zoe A. , Gerthsen Dagmar , Feldmann Claus , Roesky Peter W. , Rösch Esther S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a powerful and rapidly growing tomographic imaging technique that allows for the non‐invasive visualization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in living matter. Despite its potential for a wide range of applications, the intrinsic quantitative nature of MPI has not been fully exploited in biological environments. In this study, a novel NP architecture that overcomes this limitation by maintaining a virtually unchanged effective relaxation (Brownian plus Néel) even when immobilized is presented. This superparamagnetic magnetite architecture made of phenolic resin hollow spheres coated with Eu(III) containing silica nanoparticles (SMART RHESINs) was synthesized and studied. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) measurements confirm their suitability for potential MPI applications. Photobleaching studies show an unexpected photodynamic due to the fluorescence emission peak of the europium ion in combination with the phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR). Cell metabolic activity and proliferation behavior are not affected. Colocalization experiments reveal the distinct accumulation of SMART RHESINs near the Golgi apparatus. Overall, SMART RHESINs show superparamagnetic behavior and special luminescent properties without acute cytotoxicity, making them suitable for bimodal imaging probes for medical use like cancer diagnosis and treatment. SMART RHESINs have the potential to enable quantitative MPS and MPI measurements both in mobile and immobilized environments.
Recent Advances in Low‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Photodetectors
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Lee Junho , Lee Jong‐Min , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J. , Park Sung Kyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNew emerging low‐dimensional such as 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials have attracted tremendous research interests in various fields of state‐of‐the‐art electronics, optoelectronics, and photonic applications due to their unique structural features and associated electronic, mechanical, and optical properties as well as high‐throughput fabrication for large‐area and low‐cost production and integration. Particularly, photodetectors which transform light to electrical signals are one of the key components in modern optical communication and developed imaging technologies for whole application spectrum in the daily lives, including X‐rays and ultraviolet biomedical imaging, visible light camera, and infrared night vision and spectroscopy. Today, diverse photodetector technologies are growing in terms of functionality and performance beyond the conventional silicon semiconductor, and low‐dimensional nanomaterials have been demonstrated as promising potential platforms. In this review, the current states of progress on the development of these nanomaterials and their applications in the field of photodetectors are summarized. From the elemental combination for material design and lattice structure to the essential investigations of hybrid device architectures, various devices and recent developments including wearable photodetectors and neuromorphic applications are fully introduced. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges of the low‐dimensional nanomaterials based photodetectors are also discussed.
Recent Advances in Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Han Bo , Liu Jiawei , Lee Carmen , Lv Chade , Yan Qingyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe production of ammonia under moderate conditions is of environmental and sustainable importance. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (E‐NRR) method has been intensively investigated in the recent decades. Nowadays, the further development of E‐NRR is largely hindered by the lack of competent electrocatalysts. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as the next‐generation catalysts for E‐NRR, featuring their tailorable structures, abundant active sites and favorable porosity. To present a comprehensive review on both the fundamental and advanced development in MOFs catalyst‐based E‐NRR field, this paper first introduces the basic principles of E‐NRR, including the reaction mechanism, major apparatus components, performance criteria, and ammonia detection protocols. Next, the synthesis and characterization methods for MOFs and their derivatives are discussed. In addition, a reaction mechanism study via density functional theory calculations is also presented. After that, the recent advancement of MOF‐based catalysts in the E‐NRR field as well as the modification approaches on MOFs for E‐NRR optimization is elaborated. Finally, the current challenges and outlook of MOF catalyst‐based E‐NRR field are emphasized.
The oldest evidence of brooding in a Devonian blastoid reveals the evolution of new reproductive strategies in early echinoderms
Authors: Álvarez‐Armada Nidia , Bauer Jennifer E. , Waters Johnny A. , Rahman Imran A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBrooding of young is a reproductive strategy observed in many extant echinoderms, but the evolutionary history of this behaviour is largely unknown due to the scarcity of examples preserved in the fossil record. Here, synchrotron x‐ray tomography is used to describe an exceptionally preserved specimen of the Devonian blastoid echinoderm Hyperoblastus reimanni. The coelomic cavity appears completely preserved in a coiled arrangement partially enclosing organs associated with the digestive, haemal and axial systems. The vault region of the coelom surrounds four structures interpreted as three internally brooded larvae and a gonad. The presence of putative larvae brooded internally in this specimen sheds new light on the reproductive strategies used by blastoids, suggesting they were sexually dimorphic and that internal brooding was acquired early in the group's history. The acquisition of brooding may have been linked to high clastic sediment influx associated with the Appalachian Orogeny, which would have been detrimental to the survival of larvae living at the soupy sediment–water interface.
Nitrate corrosion resistance of concrete with nanoparticles under dry–wet cycles
Authors: Zhang Maohua , Cui Jiyin , Han Yue , Sun Shanghui , Liu Ke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe concrete of harbor wharf is in the environment of multifactor erosion. Under the coupled effects of dry–wet cycles and nitrate erosion, the durability of marine concrete gradually decreases. Therefore, it is an important issue to improve the durability of concrete. The changes of concrete durability are investigated under the coupled effects of dry–wet cycles and nitrate erosion, and the concrete durability are improved by adding nanoparticles. Nano‐concretes are made by adding different amounts of nano‐SiO2 and nano‐Al2O3 to plain concrete. The relative dynamic elastic modulus of nano‐concretes and the NO3− content are measured as indicators to evaluate the durability of nano‐concretes. The microstructure of nano‐concretes is analyzed through scanning electron microsope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS）. The test results show that relative dynamic elastic modulus of nano‐concretes is increased obviously, and NO3− content of nano‐concrete at different depths is lower than that of plain concrete under the same number of dry–wet cycles. NO3− content of nano‐concrete is lower than that of plain concrete. Nanoparticles can optimize the pore structure of concrete and generate more C‐S‐H gels. Therefore, concrete durability can be efficiently increased through adding nano‐SiO2 and nano‐Al2O3 under the coupled effects of dry–wet cycles and nitrate erosion.
Prenatal exome sequencing analysis in fetuses with central nervous system anomalies
Authors: Zhi Y. , Liu L. , Wang H. , Chen X. , Lv Y. , Cui X. , Chang H. , Wang Y. , Cui S. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of prenatal exome sequencing (pES) in fetuses with central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of fetuses identified to have CNS abnormality on prenatal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging. All fetuses were first analyzed by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Fetuses with a confirmed aneuploidy or causal pathogenic copy‐number variant (CNV) on CMA did not undergo pES analysis and were excluded, while those with a negative CMA result were offered pES testing.ResultsOf the 167 pregnancies included in the study, 42 (25.1%) were identified to have a pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant. The diagnostic rate was significantly higher in fetuses with a non‐isolated CNS abnormality than in those with a single CNS abnormality (35.7% (20/56) vs 14.5% (8/55); P = 0.010). Moreover, when a fetus had three or more CNS abnormalities, the positive diagnostic rate increased to 42.9%. A total of 25/42 (59.5%) cases had de‐novo mutations, while, in the remaining cases, mutations were inherited and carried a significant risk of recurrence. Families whose fetus carried a P/LP mutation were more likely to choose advanced pregnancy termination than those with a variant of uncertain significance, secondary/incidental finding or negative pES result (83.3% (25/30) vs 41.3% (38/92); P < 0.001).ConclusionpES improved the identification of genetic disorders in fetuses with CNS anomalies without a chromosomal abnormality or CNV identified on CMA, regardless of the number of CNS anomalies and presence of extracranial abnormality. We also demonstrated that pES findings can significantly impact parental decision‐making. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Waste Self-reporting for Software Development Productivity Improvement
Authors: Sallin Marc , Kropp Martin , Anslow Craig , Biddle Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLittle research has been done on enabling software development teams to self-report waste to assist in productivity improvement. This study created a waste categorization and survey for teams to identify and quantify wasteful activities. Developers from a Swiss company used the survey for three weeks. Participants found the survey helpful for identifying waste but there was little evidence that self-reported waste correlated with improved performance.
Klimaerwärmung und Elementarschadenversicherung
Authors: Günther Dirk-Carsten 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Klimaerwärmung hat unmittelbare Bedeutung in der Elementarschadenversicherung. Diesem Versicherungszweig kommt eine immer größere Bedeutung zu. Gleichzeitig steigen die Probleme für den Versicherer, da bei der zwar langsam, aber stetig wachsenden Versicherungsdichte bei gleichzeitig höherer Schadeneintrittswahrscheinlichkeit die Schadenbelastungen mittelfristig sehr stark anwachsen werden. Dabei stellen sich gerade im Bereich der Elementarschadenversicherung − und dort insbesondere bei Überschwemmungsschäden − eine Fülle von Rechtsfragen. Zahlreiche Rechtsprobleme sind dabei höchstrichterlich noch nicht entschieden und beschäftigen Wissenschaft und Praxis. Bei Hochwasserkatastrophen wie beispielsweise im Ahrtal im Juli 2021 stellen sich auch rechtliche Überlegungen, ob eine Haftung des Staates für die Schäden in Betracht kommt. Auch wird die Frage nach Einführung einer Elementarschadenpflichtversicherung nach solchen verheerenden Naturkatastrophen immer wieder hochaktuell werden.
Risikowahrnehmung und Risikowirklichkeit
Authors: Müller-Peters Horst 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungRisiken sind in unserem Leben omnipräsent. Unsere subjektive Einschätzung von Risiken weicht aber erheblich und in systematischer Weise von den objektiv gegebenen Gefahrenlagen ab. Dies führt einerseits zu übertriebenen Ängsten und Sorgen, andererseits aber auch zu unterbliebener Absicherung und Risikovorsorge. In diesem Kapitel werden auf theoretischer und empirischer Basis typische Abweichungen dargestellt und erklärt − sei es im Verkehr, rund um das Eigentum, bei Elementarrisiken oder auch in Bezug auf Kriminalität, Krankheit oder Altern. Auf dieser Basis werden Empfehlungen für einen rationaleren Umgang − ob im privaten oder im beruflichen Kontext − mit dem Thema Risiko, Vorsorge und Versichern abgeleitet.
Risikowahrnehmung durch und nach Corona
Authors: Eichner Daniel , Fritsch Christian , Kothe Gina-Luisa , Kühner Sina , Remond Yannik , Warnke Jonas 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungPandemien, Naturkatastrophen, Terroranschläge und andere Großschadenereignisse verändern die Risikowahrnehmung der Bevölkerung. Sie lassen die von ihnen ausgehenden Gefahrenpotenziale für die Öffentlichkeit sichtbar werden. Dieses Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit den allgemein vorherrschenden Einflussfaktoren auf die Risikowahrnehmung und wie diese auf spezifische Großschadenereignisse − bspw. die Corona-Pandemie − übertragbar sind. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Experten und Expertinnen hinsichtlich potenzieller Risiken vorausschauender denken, während die Bevölkerung sich auf aktuelle Risiken konzentriert. Im Vergleich verschiedener Katastrophen wird deutlich, dass die Entwicklung der Angst vor ähnlichen Ereignissen nach dem Eintritt nur temporär ansteigt und anschließend nach durchschnittlich ca. drei Jahren wieder auf das Vorkrisenniveau abfällt. Die vorliegenden Daten lassen dies in ähnlicher Form auch für die Corona-Pandemie vermuten; aufgrund der sehr dynamischen Lage zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung des Beitrags ist eine endgültige Bestätigung oder Widerlegung allerdings noch nicht möglich. Im Rahmen der Forschung wird zudem deutlich, dass nach einer Katastrophe Deutschland jeweils nur für das spezifisch eingetretene Risiko Vorsorgemaßnahmen ergreift, eine grundsätzliche Resilienz des Staates jedoch nicht zu beobachten ist.