bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes for performance (agronomic and quality) and stability across environments
Authors: Daba Sintayehu D. , McGee Rebecca J. , Kiszonas Alecia M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesYellow peas (Pisum sativum L.) are preferred for protein isolation. We characterized 21 yellow pea genotypes grown at Fairfield and Pullman, Washington in 2020 and 2021. To evaluate yellow pea genotypes for agronomic and quality traits across environments, data were collected on seed, flour, protein isolate, and starch‐rich byproducts.FindingsSeed yield and weight dropped by over 61% and 11%, respectively, in 2021 when compared to 2020. About 17%–20% of the flour was recovered as protein isolated with a protein recovery rate of 66%–69% and about 61%–64% was converted to starch‐rich byproduct. Heritability was fairly high for seed weight (TSW) and protein isolate yield but low for seed yield and the functional properties. Some genotypes combined merits for multiple traits based on the degree of relationship between those traits. It was possible to identify genotypes with favorable combinations of seed yield with either seed weight or flour protein as these two traits exhibited weak correlation with seed yield. Owing to a positive correlation between flour protein concentration and PIYLD, two genotypes combined the best of the two traits.Significance and NoveltyOverall, the findings of this study can be used to develop a tailored pea breeding program focused on plant‐based protein. As starch‐rich byproduct is the largest portion produced due to protein extraction, it would be beneficial to conduct more research on this component to facilitate product development.
On the Stereochemistry of the NH Bond Activation of Ammonia or Amines by Disilenes: Predictability
Authors: Sharif Zahra Mohamad , Özpınar Gül Altınbaş , McOnie Sarah L. , Boyle Paul D. , Müller Thomas , Baines Kim M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe stereochemistry of the addition of NH3to the stereoisomers of 1,2‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐bis(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)disilene (Z‐5orE‐5) is 100 % stereospecific giving two isomeric disilylamines6and7, respectively, derived fromsyn‐addition to the stereoisomeric disilenes. Variable time normalization analysis studies of the reaction of tetramesityldisilene (3) with isopropylamine (iPrNH2) revealed that the order in both amine and disilene is 1. The kinetic isotope effect for the addition ofiPrNH2/iPrND2to tetramesityldisilene was determined to be 3.04±0.06 at 298 K, a primary KIE, indicating that the proton is transferred in the rate determining step. Competition studies between the addition of PrNH2andiPrNH2to tetramesityldisilene resulted in the exclusive formation of the PrNH2adduct consistent with a nucleophilic addition. Computational studies of the mechanism of the addition of ammonia toE‐5revealed the lowest energy pathway involves the formation of the donor adduct derived fromsyn‐addition, followed by intramolecularsyn‐transfer of the proton. The formation of the donor adduct is the rate determining step. The results of this study, together with previous studies on the addition of ammonia and amines to disilenes, allow for a refinement of our understanding of the mechanism of this important fundamental reaction in disilene chemistry, and allow us to understand our ability to reliably predict the stereochemical outcomes of future NH σ‐bond activation reactions.
Entospletinib with decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia with mutant TP53 or complex karyotype: A phase 2 substudy of the Beat AML Master Trial
Authors: Duong Vu H. , Ruppert Amy S. , Mims Alice S. , Borate Uma , Stein Eytan M. , Baer Maria R. , Stock Wendy , Kovacsovics Tibor , Blum William , Arellano Martha L. , Schiller Gary J. , Olin Rebecca L. , Foran James M. , Litzow Mark R. , Lin Tara L. , Patel Prapti A. , Foster Matthew C. , Redner Robert L. , Al‐Mansour Zeina , Cogle Christopher R. , Swords Ronan T. , Collins Robert H. , Vergilio Jo‐Anne , Heerema Nyla A. , Rosenberg Leonard , Yocum Ashley O. , Marcus Sonja , Chen Timothy , Druggan Franchesca , Stefanos Mona , Gana Theophilus J. , Shoben Abigail B. , Druker Brian J. , Burd Amy , Byrd John C. , Levine Ross L. , Boyiadzis Michael M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations or a complex karyotype have a poor prognosis, and hypomethylating agents are often used. The authors evaluated the efficacy of entospletinib, an oral inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase, combined with decitabine in this patient population.MethodsThis was a multicenter, open‐label, phase 2 substudy of the Beat AML Master Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03013998) using a Simon two‐stage design. Eligible patients aged 60 years or older who had newly diagnosed AML with mutations in TP53 with or without a complex karyotype (cohort A; n = 45) or had a complex karyotype without TP53 mutation (cohort B; n = 13) received entospletinib 400 mg twice daily with decitabine 20 mg/m2 on days 1–10 every 28 days for up to three induction cycles, followed by up to 11 consolidation cycles, in which decitabine was reduced to days 1–5. Entospletinib maintenance was given for up to 2 years. The primary end point was complete remission (CR) and CR with hematologic improvement by up to six cycles of therapy.ResultsThe composite CR rates for cohorts A and B were 13.3% (95% confidence interval, 5.1%–26.8%) and 30.8% (95% confidence interval, 9.1%–61.4%), respectively. The median duration of response was 7.6 and 8.2 months, respectively, and the median overall survival was 6.5 and 11.5 months, respectively. The study was stopped because the futility boundary was crossed in both cohorts.ConclusionsThe combination of entospletinib and decitabine demonstrated activity and was acceptably tolerated in this patient population; however, the CR rates were low, and overall survival was short. Novel treatment strategies for older patients with TP53 mutations and complex karyotype remain an urgent need.
A classification approach to improve out of sample predictability of structure‐based constitutive models for ascending thoracic aortic tissue
Authors: Tong Tuan‐Thinh , Nightingale Miriam , Scott Michael B. , Sigaeva Taisiya , Fedak Paul W. M. , Barker Alex J. , Di Martino Elena S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this research, a pipeline was developed to assess the out‐of‐sample predictive capability of structure‐based constitutive models of ascending aortic aneurysmal tissue. The hypothesis being tested is that a biomarker can help establish similarities among tissues sharing the same level of a quantifiable property, thus enabling the development of biomarker‐specific constitutive models. Biomarker‐specific averaged material models were constructed from biaxial mechanical tests of specimens that shared similar biomarker properties such as level of blood‐wall shear stress or microfiber (elastin or collagen) degradation in the extracellular matrix. Using a cross‐validation strategy commonly used in classification algorithms, biomarker‐specific averaged material models were assessed in contrast to individual tissue mechanics of out of sample specimens that fell under the same category but did not contribute to the averaged model's generation. The normalized root means square errors (NRMSE) calculated on out‐of‐sample data were compared with average models when no categorization was performed versus biomarker‐specific models and among different level of a biomarker. Different biomarker levels exhibited statistically different NRMSE when compared among each other, indicating more common features shared by the specimens belonging to the lower error groups. However, no specific biomarkers reached a significant difference when compared to the average model created when No Categorization was performed, possibly on account of unbalanced number of specimens. The method developed could allow for the screening of different biomarkers or combinations/interactions in a systematic manner leading the way to larger datasets and to more individualized constitutive approaches.
Practice Insight: Court‐connected mediation in Jordan—Considerations for choosing a mediator
Authors: Al Serhan Bakr Abdel Fattah , Al Shawawreh Wesam Faisal , Collins Pauline 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA model of court‐connected mediation following Western practice was adopted in Jordan in 2003. Its success has been limited. This practice insight addresses the current mediation legislation in Jordan in relation to civil and commercial disputes. The law allows the parties three options in choosing a mediator, one being a judge mediator. This raises important considerations for parties when they are choosing a mediator. The practice insight addresses these considerations with a view to improving party awareness when exercising their choice of mediator. It also takes the opportunity to suggest legislative changes to improve the uptake of mediation.
Gallbladder perforation following peroral cholangioscopy‐guided lithotripsy: A case report
Authors: Kaneko Junichi , Watahiki Moeka , Jindo Osamu , Matsumoto Keigo , Kosugi Toshikatsu , Kusama Daisuke , Tamakoshi Hiroki , Niwa Tomoyuki , Takeshita Yu , Takinami Masaki , Kiuchi Ryota , Tsuji Atsushi , Nishino Masafumi , Takahashi Yurimi , Sasada Yuzo , Kawata Kazuhito , Yamada Takanori , Sakaguchi Takanori 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeroral cholangioscopy‐guided lithotripsy is highly effective in clearing difficult bile duct stones. It can cause adverse events, such as cholangitis and pancreatitis; however, gallbladder perforation is extremely rare. Herein, we describe the case of a 77‐year‐old woman who developed gallbladder perforation following peroral cholangioscopy ‐guided lithotripsy. She was referred to our hospital to treat multiple large bile duct stones. She underwent peroral cholangioscopy‐guided lithotripsy because of conventional lithotripsy failure. After a cholangioscope was advanced into the bile duct, saline irrigation was used for visualization. Electronic hydraulic lithotripsy was performed, but it took time for fragmentation because the calculus was hard. The 2‐h endoscopic procedure did not completely remove the stone, and treatment was discontinued after placing a biliary plastic stent and nasobiliary tube. After the endoscopic procedure, she started experiencing right hypochondrial pain, which worsened the next day. Computed tomography showed a gallbladder wall defect in the gallbladder fundus with pericholecystic fluid. She was diagnosed with gallbladder perforation and underwent emergency surgery. A perforation site was found at the gallbladder fundus. Open cholecystectomy, choledochotomy, and extraction of residual bile duct stones were performed. The patient was discharged 9 days post‐surgery without any complications. The saline irrigation used for visualization may have caused a surge in intra‐gallbladder pressure, resulting in gallbladder perforation. Therefore, endoscopists may need to conserve irrigation water during peroral cholangioscopy‐guided lithotripsy.
Distance and density dependence in two native Bornean dipterocarp species
Authors: Malik Nazrin , Edwards David , Freckleton Robert P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Janzen–Connell hypothesis proposes that density and distance‐dependent mortality generated by specialist natural enemies prevent competitive dominance. Much literature on Janzen–Connell mechanisms comes from the neotropics, and evidence of the role of distance and density‐dependence is still relatively sparse. We tested the predictions of the Janzen–Connell hypothesis in a South‐East Asian system dominated by mast fruiting species. We hypothesized that seedling survival would decrease with distance and density, seedling growth would increase, and herbivory would decrease, according to the predictions of the Janzen–Connell hypothesis. Experiments were conducted to determine the strength of the Janzen–Connell mechanism by manipulating the density and identity of tree species as a function of the distance from parent trees. Survival of conspecific seedlings was reduced near adult trees of one species, but not another. High densities of seedlings decreased the growth of conspecific seedlings of both species. In both species, herbivory rates decreased with distance in low‐density areas. This study indicates that dipterocarp species experienced weak Janzen–Connell effects of distance and density dependence at the growth stage studied. Future studies in this system might focus on earlier life‐history stages such as seeds and small seedlings, as well as studying mortality during mast‐seeding events.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Zinc Borate Zn3B4O9
Authors: Ziegler Raimund , Seibald Markus , Stoll Christiane , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe new zinc borate Zn3B4O9was synthesized at high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of 10 GPa and 1173 K in a Walker‐type multianvil pressure device. It crystallizes in the space groupP(no. 2) witha=5.5028(2) Å,b=6.7150(3) Å,c=7.8887(3) Å,α=83.99(1)°,β=73.38(1)°,γ=74.75(1)°,V=269.35(2) Å3, and two formula units (Z=2) per unit cell. The structure was confirmed via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Zn3B4O9can be synthesized phase pure, which is shown with a Rietveld refinement. IR‐spectroscopic data of a powder sample were collected.
FKBP5 blockade may provide a new horizon for the treatment of stress‐associated disorders: An in‐silico study
Authors: Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Malekpour Mahdi , Zamiri Bardia , Kashkooli Mohammad , Firouzabadi Negar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe searched for, from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration‐USA)‐approved drugs, inhibitors of FKBP5 with tolerable adverse effect profiles (eg, mild headache, sedation, etc.) and with the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), using bio‐informatics tools (in‐silico). This may pave the road for designing clinical trials of such drugs in patients with functional seizures (FS) and other stress‐associated disorders.MethodsSeveral databases were used to find all the approved drugs that potentially have interactions with FKBP51 protein [ie, CTD gene‐chemical interaction section of FKBP51 protein of Harmonizome of Mayaanlab, DrugCenteral database, PDID (Protein Drug Interaction Database), DGIdb (the Drug Gene Interaction database)]. Other databases were also searched [eg, clinicaltrials.gov; DRUGBANK (the FASTA format of the FKBP51 protein was imported to the target sequencing section of the database to find the associated drugs), and the STITCH database (to find the related chemical interaction molecules)].ResultsAfter a comprehensive search of the designated databases, 28 unique and approved drugs were identified. Fluticasone propionate and Mifepristone and Ponatinib, Mirtazapine, Clozapine, Enzalutamide, Sertraline, Prednisolone, Fluoxetine, Dexamethasone, Clomipramine, Duloxetine, Citalopram, Chlorpromazine, Nefazodone, and Escitalopram are inhibitors of FKBP5 and have BBB permeability.SignificanceWhile the current in‐silico repurposing study could identify potential drugs (that are already approved and are widely available) for designing clinical trials in patients with stress‐associated disorders (eg, FS), any future clinical trial should consider the pharmacological profile of the desired drug and also the characteristics and comorbidities of the patients in order to foster a success.
The sequence kernel association test for multicategorical outcomes
Authors: Jiang Zhiwen , Zhang Haoyu , Ahearn Thomas U. , Garcia‐Closas Montserrat , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Zhu Hongtu , Zhan Xiang , Zhao Ni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDisease heterogeneity is ubiquitous in biomedical and clinical studies. In genetic studies, researchers are increasingly interested in understanding the distinct genetic underpinning of subtypes of diseases. However, existing set‐based analysis methods for genome‐wide association studies are either inadequate or inefficient to handle such multicategorical outcomes. In this paper, we proposed a novel set‐based association analysis method, sequence kernel association test (SKAT)‐MC, the sequence kernel association test for multicategorical outcomes (nominal or ordinal), which jointly evaluates the relationship between a set of variants (common and rare) and disease subtypes. Through comprehensive simulation studies, we showed that SKAT‐MC effectively preserves the nominal type I error rate while substantially increases the statistical power compared to existing methods under various scenarios. We applied SKAT‐MC to the Polish breast cancer study (PBCS), and identified gene FGFR2 was significantly associated with estrogen receptor (ER)+ and ER− breast cancer subtypes. We also investigated educational attainment using UK Biobank data () with SKAT‐MC, and identified 21 significant genes in the genome. Consequently, SKAT‐MC is a powerful and efficient analysis tool for genetic association studies with multicategorical outcomes. A freely distributed R package SKAT‐MC can be accessed at https://github.com/Zhiwen-Owen-Jiang/SKATMC.
Risk selection reduces efficiency of value‐based healthcare
Authors: Leao Diogo L. L. , Pavlova Milena , Groot Wim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractValue‐based healthcare aims to improve efficiency and value for patients. Value‐based payment models are a form of provider reimbursement to achieve this. Studies on these models have found positive results, but may be biased by unintended consequences, such as risk selection. Risk selection is a multi‐dimensional phenomenon that occurs at the patient, hospital, and system level, and is a source of inefficiency and inequality in healthcare. Risk selection may occur because of selection bias in the outcomes that are evaluated and rewarded, or due to the selection of lower cost patients. Risk selection may also stem from professional reputation. The motivation to engage in risk selection may also arise from differences in the meaning of value. To mitigate these unintended consequences, several strategies can be adopted. These include making value‐based payment models attractive, but not mandatory, as well as incentivising transparent reporting of best practices, using adequate risk adjustment, expanding performance metrics, and including patient‐reported experience measures. Other mitigation strategies could include adopting a mixture of performance measures, using mixed methods of paying physicians, and implementing monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. However, such approaches are not flawless, and the problem may never be fully solved. This perspective serves as a warning for the constant presence of risk selection, as well as informing policy makers, politicians, and organisations implementing VBP models on ways to minimise the possibility of risk selection.
Socioeconomic and residence‐based related inequality in childhood vaccination in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Evidence from Benin
Authors: Budu Eugene , Ahinkorah Bright O. , Guets Wilfried , Ameyaw Edward K. , Essuman Mainprice A. , Yaya Sanni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsChildhood vaccination remains a cost‐effective strategy that has expedited the control and elimination of numerous diseases. Although coverage of new vaccines in low‐ and middle‐income countries increased exponentially in the last two decades, progress on expanding routine vaccination services to reach all children remains low, and coverage levels in many countries remains inadequate. This study aimed to examine the pattern of wealth and residence‐based related inequality in vaccination coverage through an equity lens.MethodsWe used data from the 2017−2018 Benin Demographic and Health Survey. Statistical and econometrics modeling were used to investigate factors associated with childhood vaccination. The Wagstaff decomposition analysis was used to disentangle the concentration index.ResultsA total of 1993 children were included, with 17% in the wealthiest quintile and 63% were living in rural areas. Findings showed that wealth is positively and significantly associated with vaccination coverage, particularly, for middle‐wealth households. A secondary or higher education level of women and partners increased the odds of vaccination compared to no education (p < 0.05). Women with more antenatal care visits, with multiple births, attending postnatal care and delivery in a health facility had increased vaccination coverage (p < 0.01). Inequalities in vaccination coverage are more prominent in rural areas; and are explained by wealth, education, and antenatal care visits.ConclusionInequality in child vaccination varies according to socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics and is of interest to health policy. To mitigate inequalities in child vaccination coverage, policymakers should strengthen the availability and accessibility of vaccination and implement educational programs dedicated to vulnerable groups in rural areas.
Gender‐based reasoning about novel toys: The role of child and parental factors
Authors: Lam Virginia L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMuch has been established about children's preference for gender‐typed toys, but far less is known about their reasoning about novel toys. Using such toys, this study explored children's emerging use of gender to make predictions about peers as a form of stereotype construction with its correlates. Two to 4‐year‐olds were shown novel, nonstereotyped toys and asked if they and others would like each item. Gender‐typing was measured by liking for familiar gender‐typed toys, and categorization skills by sorting. Parents completed measures on gender language and behavioural expectations. It was found that gender‐centric reasoning (what children like, they expect same‐gender peers but not other‐gender peers to like) was apparent from age 3 years, with boys showing a higher tendency. Apart from age in months, categorization skills and parental behavioural expectations uniquely contributed to children's degree of gender‐centrism. The findings are discussed in relation to cognitive development, parental gender socialization, stereotype formation and practical implications.Highlights
From age 3, children tend to predict peers' liking for novel, nonstereotyped toys based on their own and peers' gender as a form of stereotype construction.
Older boys are more likely to differentiate between their own novel toy‐liking and that of outgroup peers (girls) compared to girls.
Children's categorization skills and their parents' behavioural expectations contribute to gender‐based reasoning, giving scope for interventions based on modifiable factors.