bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical ruxolitinib: A new treatment for vitiligo
Authors: Tavoletti G. , Avallone G. , Conforti C. , Roccuzzo G. , Maronese C. A. , Mattioli M. A. , Quaglino P. , Zalaudek I. , Marzano A. V. , Ribero S. , Alberti‐Violetti S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVitiligo is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder whose diagnosis is often psychologically upsetting. The efficacy of the available therapies, including topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors, has historically been limited and the management of vitiligo is still challenging. As vitiligo is a chronic disease limited to the skin, topical rather than systemic therapies may be preferable (especially among patients with localised lesions) to avoid the long‐term side‐effects of the latter. A topical formulation of ruxolitinib, a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor, has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of non‐segmental vitiligo in patients aged >12 years based on data from the phase III TRuE‐V1 and TRuE‐V2 clinical trials. The aim of this review is to describe the current evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of topical ruxolitinib in the treatment of vitiligo, and discuss issues regarding its use in younger children and pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as the duration and durability of treatment. The promising results obtained so far suggest that 1.5% ruxolitinib cream is an effective means of treating vitiligo.
Prevalence of scabies worldwide—An updated systematic literature review in 2022
Authors: Schneider S. , Wu J. , Tizek L. , Ziehfreund S. , Zink A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScabies is a World Health Organization‐defined neglected tropical disease, with continuously rising incidence worldwide in recent years. The aim of this study was to provide an update of the worldwide prevalence and new treatment approaches of scabies in population‐based settings. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and LILACS databases were reviewed for English and German language population‐based studies from October 2014 to March 2022. Two authors independently screened the records for eligibility, extracted all data and one critically appraised the quality of the studies and risk of bias. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021247140. Overall, 1273 records were identified through database searching, of which 43 studies were included for the systematic review. Most of the studies (n = 31) examined the scabies prevalence in medium or low human development index countries. The highest prevalence of scabies reported in the general population (children and adults) was recorded in five randomly selected communities in Ghana (71.0%), whereas the highest scabies prevalence in studies, which only examined children (76.9%), was recorded in an Indonesian boarding school. The lowest prevalence was recorded in Uganda (0.18%). The systematic review highlights the prevalence of scabies worldwide, showing that scabies is still a serious, increasing disease that occurs globally and is clustered in developing countries. More transparent data on scabies prevalence are needed to identify risk factors to find new prevention measures.
Metabolic performance of black soldier fly larvae during entomoremediation of brewery waste
Authors: Hansen Rasmus Juhl , Nielsen Signe Hannesbo Møller , Johansen Math , Nielsen Frederik Kjær , Dragsbæk Freja Broholm , Sørensen Oliver Schwarz Baden , Eriksen Niels Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the metabolic performance, in terms of specific rates of growth and feed assimilation, as well as the cost of growth and maintenance of black soldier fly larvae, BSF, Hermetia illucens on brewery waste, a potential worldwide available resource for industrial scale insect production. Brewery waste lacks starch and thus has a nutritional profile substantially different from chicken feed, which is a well‐established and excellent starchy food source for BSF larvae. It is therefore interesting to gain insight into how BSF larvae perform on brewery waste. Larvae of the BSF were reared on chicken feed, on brewery waste and on mixtures of the two. Measurements of the weight of the larvae and their respiratory CO2 production were used to estimate metabolic performance on daily basis. The BSF larvae grew on all the substrates. They reached the highest weight on chicken feed, but their specific growth and feed assimilation rates were highest on the mixed substrates, in which the larvae also reached their maximal weight in the shortest time. Substrate‐dependent costs of growth were not observed while maintenance rates tended to be only slightly lower on the mixed substrates. Overall, the BSF larvae converted the low‐starch brewery waste and the starchy chicken feed into larval biomass about equally efficiently, although brewery waste led to smaller larvae and mixing of the two substrates enhanced feed assimilation and growth. Brewery waste seems thus a suitable resource for BSF larvae, comparable with chicken feed, with respect to their metabolic performance.
First record of partial albinism in the critically endangered Angelshark (Squatina squatina) (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Jimenez‐Alvarado David , Meyers Eva , Guerra‐Marrero Airam , Espino‐Ruano Ana , Couce‐Montero Lorena , Barker Joanna , Sealey Michael , Toledo Héctor , Caro Belén , Pike Charlotte , Jacoby David M.P. , Mead Lucy , Castro José J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report the first case of partial albinism in the Critically Endangered angelshark, Squatina squatina. The encounter with this specimen took place while SCUBA diving on the beach of Tufia, located on the east coast of the island of Gran Canaria on 2 April 2021. This is also the first confirmed finding of an albino elasmobranch specimen in the Canary Island archipelago.
Risk factors of tooth wear in permanent dentition: A scoping review
Authors: Oudkerk Julie , Grenade Charlotte , Davarpanah Anoushka , Vanheusden Alain , Vandenput Sandrina , Mainjot Amélie K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTooth wear (TW) prevalence is high and increasing and has important consequences on the patient's quality of life. Knowledge of risk factors is crucial to promote diagnosis, prevention strategies and timely interceptive treatment. Many studies have identified TW risk factors.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to map and describe suspected available factors associated with TW in permanent dentition based on quantitative measurement.MethodsThe scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA extension of the Scoping Reviews checklist. The search was conducted in October 2022 from the Medline® (PubMed® interface) and Scopus® databases. Two independent reviewers selected and characterised the studies.Results2702 articles were identified for assessment of titles and abstracts, and 273 articles were included in the review. The results show a need to standardise TW measurement indices and the study design. The included studies highlighted various factors, classified into nine domains: sociodemographic factors, medical history, drinking habits, eating habits, oral hygiene habits, dental factors, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, behavioural factors, and stress. Results related to chemical TW (erosion) risk factors underline the importance of eating disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and lifestyle, particularly drinking and eating behaviours, which supports developing public health information campaigns and interventions. Besides chemical, this review identifies evidence of several mechanical TW risk factors, such as toothbrushing and bruxism; the influence of this last factor needs to be further explored.ConclusionsTW management and prevention require a multidisciplinary approach. Dentists are in the first line to detect associated diseases such as reflux or eating disorders. Consequently, practitioners' information and guideline diffusion should be promoted, and a TW risk factors checklist (the ToWeR checklist) is proposed to help diagnostic approaches.
Incidence of acute kidney injury in dogs with systemic mycotic infections treated with amphotericin B (1996‐2020)
Authors: Chan Jennifer C. , Dear Jonathan , Palm Carrie , Reagan Krystle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmphotericin‐B (AmB) is an essential medication for the treatment of life‐threatening systemic mycoses but the incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) after its administration are not known in dogs.ObjectiveDetermine the incidence of and risk factors for AKI in dogs receiving AmB.AnimalsFifty‐one client owned dogs receiving AmB for the treatment of systemic mycoses.MethodsRetrospective study. Signalment, potential risk factors, AKI development (creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL from baseline), drug formulation (deoxycholate [AmB‐D] or lipid complex [ABLC]), dose, and treatment duration were recorded. The probability of an AKI diagnosis was evaluated using a log‐rank test. The incidence of AKI and odds ratios were calculated for potential risk factors.ResultsIncidence of AKI was 5/12 (42%) for dogs receiving AmB‐D and 14/39 (36%) for dogs receiving ABLC. Of the 19 dogs that developed AKI, 16 (84%) continued treatment after a pause in the planned dosing protocol. Fifty percent of dogs received a cumulative dose of 6.9 mg/kg for AmB‐D and 22.5 mg/kg for ABLC (P < .01) at time of AKI diagnosis. ICU hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58‐0.87) and inpatient status (OR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07‐0.86) were associated with decreased odds of AKI.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIncidence of AKI with AmB is common but does not always preclude continued treatment. The incidence of AKI is similar between AmB‐D and ABLC, but dogs receiving ABLC tolerated a higher cumulative total dose before AKI diagnosis.
Chronic kidney disease prevalence and awareness in middle age and young old: Regional comparative study in Japan
Authors: Li Qi , Nishi Hiroshi , Inoue Reiko , Ueda Sae , Nangaku Masaomi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimPatients with chronic kidney disease are not aware of the illness because of its asymptomatic nature, but the association of disease progression and awareness in general population has not been sufficiently analysed on a large scale.MethodsWe analysed the nationwide annual specific health checkup covering more than a half of the overall population at aged 40–74 in Japan, approximately 29.4 million people as of 2018, in combination with parameters to represent regional characteristics.ResultsThe rate of the examinees with kidney dysfunction, an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <45 mL/min/1.73 m2, was 1.0%, while that of examinees with of dipstick proteinuria ≥ (+) was 3.7%. Next, we conducted a regional comparative study on 335 medical administrative areas divided in the country. The regional rate of examinees aged 65–74 over the total examinees was positively correlated with the prevalence of kidney dysfunction (r = 0.72, p < .0001). Additionally, the mean rate of examinees aware of their ‘chronic kidney failure’ was 0.6%, and the awareness rate was correlated with the prevalence of both kidney dysfunction (r = 0.36, p < .001) and positive dipstick proteinuria (r = 0.31, p < .001) in those aged 65–74 at the regional level. Association of nephrology care resources with the prevalence or awareness was unclear at the regional level.ConclusionWe found a regional association of chronic kidney disease prevalence and awareness in a recent young old population in Japan. Further studies are needed to evaluate the patient screen and referral at the individual level.
Small object detection leveraging density‐aware scale adaptation
Authors: Wan Yu , Liao Zhaohong , Liu Jia , Song Weiwei , Ji Hong , Gao Zhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlbeit general object detection has made impressive progress in the last decade, as a significant subfield, small object detection still performs far from satisfactorily, which is impeded by several challenges, such as small size, severe occlusion and variant scales. To tackle these challenges, we propose a coarse‐to‐fine small object detection method leveraging density‐aware scale adaptation. Firstly, we employ global sketchy prediction via a coarse network in large scenes and generate adaptively scaled block regions with potential targets. Subsequently, we perform local accurate detection by a fine network for instances in densely packed areas with approximately unified scales. In particular, a density map with object distribution information is utilised to provide a scene classification auxiliary to instruct scale transformation. Extensive experiments on the popular remote sensing benchmark AI‐TOD and representative small object datasets VisDrone and UAVDT demonstrate the superiority of our method for small object detection, achieving an improvement of 2.9% mAP‐vt and 2.1% mAP on AI‐TOD, and outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art methods on VisDrone and UAVDT with an enhancement of 1.7% mAP and 2.0% mAP50, respectively.
Specnuezhenide ameliorates ultraviolet‐induced skin photoaging in mice by regulating the Sirtuin 3/8‐Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase signal
Authors: Tang Nan , Ren Ying‐Yun , Wu Hao‐Tian , Lv Xi‐Ting , Liu Xiao‐Ting , Li Qi‐lin , Wang Guo‐En , Wu Yan‐Hua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeUltraviolet‐induced skin photoaging was involved in DNA oxidative damage. Specnuezhenide, one of the secoiridoids extracted from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, possesses antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. Whether specnuezhenide ameliorates skin photoaging remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of specnuezhenide on skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet and explore the underlying mechanism.MethodsMice were employed to treat with ultraviolet to induce skin photoaging, then administrated 10 and 20 mg/kg of specnuezhenide. Histological analysis, protein expression, network pharmacology, and autodock analysis were conducted.ResultsSpecnuezhenide ameliorated ultraviolet‐induced skin photoaging in mice via the increase in collagen contents, and decrease in epidermal thickness, malondialdehyde content, and β‐galactosidase expression in the skin. Specnuezhenide reduced cutaneous apoptosis and inflammation in mice with skin photoaging. In addition, network pharmacology data indicated that specnuezhenide possessed potential targets on the NOD‐like receptor signaling pathway. Validation experiment found that specnuezhenide inhibited the expression of NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3, gasdermin D‐C1, and Caspase 1. Furthermore, the expression of 8‐Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and superoxide dismutase 2 was increased in specnuezhenide‐treated mice with photoaging.ConclusionSpecnuezhenide protected against ultraviolet‐induced skin photoaging in mice via a probable activation of SIRT3/OGG1 signal.
TheEU'swork‐lifebalance directive: Institutional change of father‐specific leave across member states
Authors: de la Porte Caroline , Im Zhen Jie , Pircher Brigitte , Szelewa Dorota 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper examines institutional change in father‐specific leave ‐ a centre‐piece of the EU's work‐life balance directive (WLBD) ‐ from the perspective of gradual institutional change. The WLBD, a highly contentious directive, represents a litmus test for the possible impact of the European pillar of social rights (EPSR), on welfare state institutions, which are responsible for the organisation, financing and delivery of social rights in member states. The analysis comprises in‐depth case studies in Denmark, Germany, France and Poland, with different combinations of family and parental leave policies prior to the WLBD. The findings reveal that the EU's directive is leading to convergence in paternity leave, but to divergence in parental leave. Our study is important because it shows that even if EU directives in social policy in principle can lead to upwards social convergence across the EU, when they are relatively weak in terms of precise constraint, for instance, for the level of remuneration for leave, this leads to differentiated integration. This could undermine the very purpose of the EPSR, which seeks to improve social rights for all citizens across the EU. Similar dynamics are likely to be present in other areas at the welfare state‐labor market nexus, such as minimum wages or platform work, where the EU is also developing regulation under the auspices of the EPSR.
Some examples of separable convex‐cocompact subgroups
Authors: Hagen Mark , Sisto Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReid asked whether all convex‐cocompact subgroups of mapping class groups are separable. Using a construction of Manning–Mj–Sageev, we give examples of separable convex‐cocompact subgroups that are free of arbitrary finite rank, while prior examples seem to all be virtually cyclic.
Random walks on the circle and Diophantine approximation
Authors: Berkes István , Borda Bence 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRandom walks on the circle group whose elementary steps are lattice variables with span or taken mod exhibit delicate behavior. In the rational case, we have a random walk on the finite cyclic subgroup , and the central limit theorem and the law of the iterated logarithm follow from classical results on finite state space Markov chains. In this paper, we extend these results to random walks with irrational span , and explicitly describe the transition of these Markov chains from finite to general state space as along the sequence of best rational approximations. We also consider the rate of weak convergence to the stationary distribution in the Kolmogorov metric, and in the rational case observe a phase transition from polynomial to exponential decay after steps. This seems to be a new phenomenon in the theory of random walks on compact groups. In contrast, the rate of weak convergence to the stationary distribution in the total variation metric is purely exponential.
El mundo judicial es una boda: intersecciones entre justicia penal y academia en Argentina
Authors: Kostenwein Ezequiel 
Published: May 2023

En este trabajo ofrecemos los primeros hallazgos de una investigación que explora las trayectorias de actores judiciales que trabajan en la justicia penal y, simultáneamente, desarrollan tareas docentes, bien en el ámbito universitario, bien dictando cursos de capacitación para integrantes del poder judicial. En concreto, abordamos dos cuestiones: el modo y las circunstancias en las que ingresan a la justicia penal, y en segundo lugar, las características más relevantes que dichos actores judiciales le adjudican al espacio judicial en el que se desarrollan sus trayectorias laborales.Aplicamos la técnica de “bola de nieve” para acceder a nuestros entrevistados. Se trata de un trabajo exploratorio que, como tal, no ofrece representatividad estadística sobre el universo de la justicia penal. Sin embargo, nos permitió llevar adelante algunas caracterizaciones tipológicasen función de ciertas regularidades para conocer mejor a estos sujetos anfibios que habitan en forma conjunta los espacios judicial y docente.
A Critical Biography of Zhu Zhanshan, Prince Xian of Xiang (1406–1478)
Authors: Throness Aaron 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This essay offers a critical biography of one of Ming China’s (1368–1644) most exceptional yet understudied princes, Zhu Zhanshan 朱瞻墡 (1406–1478), Prince Xian of Xiang 襄憲王. It also complicates our understanding of Ming princes by recounting Zhu Zhanshan’s exceptional relationship with the Ming throne, which presents a unique case study of intense princely engagement in capital affairs. In pursuit of these endeavors, this essay recounts and analyzes the major events in Zhu Zhanshan’s life. These include his political engagements in Beijing during dynastic crises, intellectual development, decades-long interactions with Ming emperors and capital leadership, visits to Beijing, and contributions to local religion in his Xiangyang investiture. The essay concludes with an evaluation of Zhu Zhanshan, his place in the Ming commentarial tradition, and state-princedom relations.
Phylogenetic analysis of the critically endangered Karpathos water frog (Anura, Amphibia): conservation insights from complete mitochondrial genome sequencing
Authors: Toli Elisavet-Aspasia , Bounas Anastasios , Christopoulos Apostolos , Pafilis Panayiotis , Sotiropoulos Konstantinos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Karpathos water frog (Pelophylax cerigensis) is classified as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN Red List and its distribution is restricted on the island of Karpathos, South Aegean Sea. Utilizing a next generation sequencing approach, we obtained whole mitochondrial genomes of P. cerigensis to determine the species phylogenetic position within the genus Pelophylax and to clarify the phylogenetic relationship between the species’ population on Karpathos Island and the population of P. cf. bedriagae from the neighboring Rhodes Island. High-throughput sequencing generated mean ± SD = 227 945 ± 18 306 reads averaged per sample. High quality reads were assembled resulting in the complete mitogenome of P. cerigensis of a total size of 17 922 bp. Mitogenome organization was similar to other Pelophylax species, comprising of 13 Protein Coding Genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs and one Control Region. Overall mean genetic distance for the 13 PCGs, within the Ranidae family, ranged from 8.01% (COIII) to 11.6% (ATP8), while ratios of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions were <1 in all the 13 PCGs, indicating purifying selection. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses based on the concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs and two rRNAs (12S and 16S), showed that individuals from Karpathos and Rhodes form a well-supported monophyletic group with low genetic distance between them (p-distance = 0.1%). Hence, the Rhodes populations seem to belong to P. cerigensis and not to P. bedriagae as formerly thought, highlighting the need for revision of P. cerigensis current conservation status as well as further examination of the P. bedriagae species group.
Tigray: A Nation in Search of Statehood?
Authors: Fiseha Assefa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A devastating war broke out between the federal government and Tigray regional state of Ethiopia in November 2020. What is its cause and how does it affect the dynamics in Tigray and in Ethiopia in general? The article demonstrates using clear indicators that an authoritarian centrist elite and its policy that came to power in 2018 pursued a very centralised decision making, removing regional state heads and imposed new polices that violate self-government and autonomy of states. It brought back imperial Ethiopia’s polity building narrative accusing its predecessors and the post-1991 federal polity as disruption. Yet Tigrayan nationalism has also long pedigree. Its relative homogeneity and centuries of self-conscious experiment with autonomy has always been fundamental check against the centrist elite. Following the new developments, Tigray is reconsidering whether it is worth staying within Ethiopia or should secede and have its own state. Ideally there are menu of options that could provide a solution to both sides short of secession, but the new elite in power is pushing Tigray to the edges, abrogating its constitutional autonomy, putting under siege and denying all basic services for nearly two years and pursuing age old policy of surrender or perish, literally imposing secession to the region. The study is informed by theories of ethno national based conflicts, political autonomy and secession.