bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Robust, Gram-Scale and High-Yield Synthesis of MDP Congeners for Activation of the NOD2 Receptor and Vaccine Adjuvantation
Authors: Khan Farooq-Ahmad , Yaqoob Sana , Qasim Muhammad Wasim , Wang Yan , Jiang Zi-Hua , Ali Shujaat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) constituent muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and its congeners possess immuno-adjuvant activity, and find applications in vaccines to potentiate the immune response of antigens. It confers non-specific resistance towards pathogenic infections and defense against tumors. In this work, the parent MDP molecule is re-designed by replacing its carbohydrate moiety with an immunoregulatory xanthine scaffold, while conserving the l-d configuration of the pharmacophore. Alkyl chains are introduced at the C-terminus of d-isoglutamine to help the molecules access cytoplasmic NOD2 receptors and activate the innate immune system. Lipophilic MDP congeners are thus obtained by adopting a direct or indirect convergent synthetic route with overall yields of >50%. We found that an indirect approach can reliably be implemented on gram scale, thereby unlocking access to substantial amounts of pathogen-associated molecular patterns for in vivo studies, which will accelerate the development of NOD2 immuno-adjuvants against viral and bacterial infections.
ICRI White Paper: An Update on Role of Conventional Radiography in Imaging of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Jain Sanjay N. , Shah Rushit S. , Modi Tanvi , Varma Ravi U. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlain abdominal radiographs and gastrointestinal contrast studies remain the first line of investigation for the evaluation of several conditions due to their easy availability and ease of use in pediatric patients. A systematic approach to evaluating the plain radiograph for pediatric abdomen can lead the radiologist to a relevant differential diagnosis in most cases. In other cases, it leads the radiologist to the next line of investigation. The plain radiograph of the abdomen is requested for several conditions ranging from abdominal pain, vomiting, failure to pass meconium, abdominal distension, perforation, mass or for suspected obstruction. The radiation dose involved in abdominal radiography, although significant, the diagnostic information provided outweighs the risk. Dose reduction techniques should be employed to reduce the radiation dose to infants and children. Spectrum of atresias and stenosis from the esophagus up to the rectum, Hirschsprung disease, small left colon syndrome, and anorectal malformations can be identified with a detailed and systematic contrast study. They act as an adjunct in the diagnosis of conditions such as intussusception and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Inflammatory conditions such as acute appendicitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and acute conditions such as pneumoperitoneum are also well appreciated on plain abdominal radiographs.
Eponychial Flap: A Simpler Way to Achieve Better Aesthetic Outcome in a Fingertip Amputation
Authors: Samantaray Srikant Aruna , Kalathingal Kader , Muhammed Hafiz , Joseph Subin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background There are numerous flaps described for the treatment of fingertip amputation. Shortened nail length resulting from amputation is an ignored area. Eponychial flap is a simple procedure that helps to lengthen the nail plate and correct this deformity.
Methods This case–control study was conducted between April 2016 and June 2020 aimed at comparing the outcome of nail defects in a fingertip amputation treated with eponychial flap and those treated without an eponychial flap.
Results Among 165 patients treated for fingertip injury, 78 were treated with eponychial flap (group A) and 87 without eponychial flap (group B). In group A, the nail length was 72.54% (standard deviation [SD]: 14.4) and the nail plate area was 74.35% (SD: 13.96) compared with the contralateral uninjured nail. These results were significantly better (p = 0.000) compared with group B where the values were 36.49 (SD: 8.45) and 35.8% (SD: 8.4), respectively. The aesthetic outcome score was also significantly higher in group A patients (p = 0.002). The patient satisfaction was superior in group A compared with group B.
Conclusion The eponychial flap is a simple and reliable technique that can be used to restore the visible nail length in traumatic fingertip defects. Compared with fingers treated without nail lengthening with eponychial flap gives excellent aesthetic results.
Quality Improvement Initiative for Aspirin Screening and Prescription Rates for Preeclampsia Prevention in an Outpatient Obstetric Clinic
Authors: Kumar Natasha R. , Speedy Sedona E. , Song Jing , Welty Leah J. , Cavens Arjeme D. 
Published: December 2022

Objective Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) impact 10% of pregnancies in the United States and cause adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes such as prematurity and low birth weight. Aspirin administration to at-risk individuals during pregnancy can reduce risk of HDP.
Study Design Define-Measure-Assess-Improve-Control methodology was utilized to improve aspirin screening in an outpatient obstetric clinic. Retrospective cohort analysis compared outcome metrics pre- and postimplementation by using logistic regression models, adjusting for race and insurance. Key informant interviews and process mapping identified barriers to aspirin screening. A multidisciplinary team implemented low-cost strategies such as provider education, additional screening by ancillary staff, automated electronic reminders, and standardized patient counseling.
Results Over 6 months, the screening rate improved from 62.5 to 92.0% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.30–14.43). The prescription rate for patients correctly identified to be eligible for aspirin improved from 66.7 to 82.4% (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 0.88–4.35).
Conclusion Comprehensive, tailored quality improvement efforts can significantly increase aspirin screening and prescription, which may decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity due to HDP.
Key Points
Dystonia, Chorea, and Ataxia: Three Challenging Cases
Authors: Pedroso José Luiz , Vale Thiago Cardoso , Meira Alex Tiburtino , Braga-Neto Pedro , Barsottini Orlando G. P. , Espay Alberto J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMovement disorders comprise a heterogeneous and complex group of neurological disorders that increase (hyperkinetic) or decrease (hypokinetic) the speed or amplitude of movements, or disrupt their coordinated sequencing. In this article, we describe three instructive cases, exemplifying classic movement disorders, namely dystonia, chorea, and ataxia. We highlight the diagnostic approach based on clinical clues, syndromic reasoning, evaluation, and management recommendations. Each case ends with key messages for the clinicians.
Model validation of carbon-fiber and glass-fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators using finite element method
Authors: Rofiq H I , Tavio  , Iranata D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREI) is a base isolation innovation for low-rise buildings suitable for developing countries with high earthquake intensity, for instance, Indonesia. The extension of the basic natural fundamental period by FREI will result into a reduction in floor acceleration when an earthquake occurs, thereby it will be reducing the inter-story drift movement in the superstructure. The FREI mass structure is lighter for low-rise buildings due its components consist of a layer of rubbers and a sheet of fibers. This study investigated numerically the use of fiber materials (glass and carbon fibers) for FREI reinforcement using ABAQUS program. The analysis results were evaluated based on mechanical characterization, including vertical and horizontal stiffness, effective horizontal stiffness, and damping ratio. The mechanical characterization in numeric research will be compared with experimental research as a research validation to ensure the input material variables are reliable and valid. Based on the analysis of numeric research results, CFREI and GFREI indicated that hysteresis curves and mechanical characterization were quite close to experimental research. Calculation of mechanical characterization in CFREI and GFREI refers to the regulations of BS_EN_1337:2005 and BS_EN_15129:2009. A deviation of mechanical characterization on numeric research of both specimens against the experimental research, including effective horizontal stiffness and damping ratio, indicated a fairly small deviation with less than 10%. The deviation between the maximum effective horizontal stiffness in CFREI and GFREI was 4.733% and 0.672% respectively, meanwhile the maximum damping ratio in CFREI and GFREI indicated the larger deviation that was 0.812% and 8.679% individually.
A review on the potency of Dioscorea hispida Dennst as a source of prebiotic for kampung super chicken
Authors: Putra D A , Rosyad F S , Prihatin S , Bramastya T A , Al Rahman Z S , Cahyadi M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Kampung Super chicken as meat type chicken is an animal protein resource whose demand increases every year. The taste of Kampung Super chicken meat is much more delicious and preferred by consumers. However, some disadvantage traits such as low productivity, not uniform performances, and cannibalism are still found in Kampung Super chicken population. Therefore, to improve the performance of Kampung Super chicken, utilization of prebiotic from a potential natural source such as Dioscorea hispida Dennst should be studied. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate prebiotic contained in Dioscorea hispida Dennst and its potency in improving the performances of meat type chicken. This review was divided into four main discussions i.e., characteristics of Kampung Super chicken as white meat producer, prebiotic profile contained in Dioscorea hispida Dennst, the role of prebiotics in the chicken digestive tract, and inulin as prebiotics in increasing productivity of chicken. Based on the results discussed in this review, it could be assumed that inulin content in Dioscorea hispida Dennst might be a promising prebiotic for poultry feed and might improve the performances of meat type chicken.
Improving the visual impressions of wood-based craft products through two-dimensional engraving of patterns
Authors: Nugraha H , Leksono F B , Angelina D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Small enterprises in product craft bases are considered to be more resilient in facing the challenges of the current pandemic condition, despite a decline in income during the pandemic’s peak. Craft products are one of the sub-sectors of the creative economy that has a contributor to Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Competition occurs between the producers of these crafts products where the makers present products that show aesthetic value and elements of the product’s function. Craft products always put forward a stunning visual appearance so that the product is in demand and purchased by consumers. To struggle with the increasingly fierce competition, the quality of visual impressions that are continuously generated must be established. This research focuses on attempts to improve the visual appearance that has the impact of presenting the aesthetics of craft products by using a two-dimensional engraving approach. The engravings are processed using a sandblasting technique. The study process used a pre-experimental design approach, and the results of the improving visual impressions were evaluated using a questionnaire step which was analyzed using factor analysis. The study results show a positive response to changes in visual perceptions, indicating an increased aesthetic perception that is better than the previous craft products. The final study shows that applying two-dimensional engraving patterns on craft products effectively improves visual and aesthetic impressions.
Optical characteristics of fermented cocoa pod husk based on Nears Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and evaluation of its quality as animal feed materials
Authors: Samadi  , Nasution R W , Wajizah S , Zulfahrizal Z , Munawar A A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRs) is one of the alternative methods to determine chemical characteristic of the animal feed due to its several benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine optical characteristics and the quality of fermented cacao pod husk as animal feed by NIRs method. Totally eighteen samples of fermented cocoa pod husk were analyzed by wet analysis consisting of as dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, crude ash, and nitrogen-free extract material. Spectrum acquisition was carried out using a Thermo Nicolet Antaris II tool. Chemical analysis is intended to compare the data from chemical analysis and the NIRS method. Spectrum data were processed using partial least squares (PLS) with multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and de-Trending (DT) pre-treatment methods. The results of the study indicated that the NIRS was good prediction for dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat with the model of MSC pre-treatment. The crude ash parameter is only able to predict well on the MSC pre-treatment method with evaluation values. In conclusion, NIRS can be applied to determine animal nutritive values by means of using partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR) and other regression approaches.
A Novel Method for Removal of Iron Ion Contamination in Patchouli Essential Oil
Authors: Luthfiah D A , Machdar I , Zakiah F , Arpa S A , Usman H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, in the aromatic and cosmetics industries, as well as an additive for food flavoring, patchouli essential oil (PEO) is a significantly crucial raw material. This oil is extracted from Pogostemon cablin, a plant from the Lamiaceae family. The standard method to obtain this oil is steam distillation. However, applying this method, the oil has a relatively high iron content. A contaminated iron ion can arise in the PEO for some reasons, i.e., the distillation practice used in a non-stainless steel tank, the PEO stored in an iron drum, or even the water for steam production was not appropriately treated. Activated carbon adsorbents can be used to remove contaminants from liquids or gasses by adsorbing ions, complexes, and molecules from aqueous solutions. Although fine adsorbent particles offer advantages in terms of adsorption capacity and kinetics, the application of the adsorbent to remove iron ions contaminated in PEO is not simple work. It is because a problem with these particles is widely dispersed in the oil and challenging to recover and contaminates the final product of PEO. This study developed a novel method to remove iron ions contaminated in a PEO using a modified activated carbon, i.e., magnetic activated carbon (MAC). For practical applications, using MAC material will reduce operating costs and solve the problems related to the quality of the end product, i.e., contamination by the adsorbent. The result shows that the MAC material improved the quality of PEO by reducing iron ion concentration in the oil from the initial concentration of 194 mg/L to around 87 mg/L. As expected, the adsorbent allows rapid removal from the PEO by using a magnetic source. Based on this study, MAC material enables the reduction of iron ion contamination in PEO and produces a free-adsorbent in the final product.
Application of chemometric combination NIRS technology for analysis of mixed coconut oil levels in Aceh Patchouli Oil
Authors: Munandar Aris , Mulyati Sri , Hasanuddin  , Zulfahrizal  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Patchouli oil could be a sort of fundamental oil that’s delivered from the refining of the leaves, twigs, and stems of the patchouli plant. One of the problems that occur in determining the quality of patchouli oil is mixing with other oils, such as coconut oil, causing the quality of patchouli oil to be low and the selling price to be cheap. The reason of this inquire about is to construct a show for evaluating the levels of coconut oil mixed in Aceh patchouli oil using the chemometric method. This research uses patchouli oil (crude oil) and coconut oil. The NIRS tool used for spectrum acquisition is the FT-IR IPTEK T-1516. NIRS technology is combined with chemometric methods with two multivariate analyses, namely the PCR and PLS models. The comes about appeared that the PLS calibration show was superior than the PCR calibration model. The RPD value in the non pretreatment PLS calibration model was 3.96 and increased with the presence of SNV pretreatment to 4.78 so that it was included in the category of very good prediction model accuracy. While the PCR calibration model included in the prediction category is still rough, both non-pretreatment and with SNV pretreatment, which are 1.45 and 1.50, respectively.
Drying kinetics, modelling and total flavonoid content of Phyllanthus niruri L. under different drying temperature
Authors: Agusta W , Maisaroh  , Hermansyah H D , Anggraeni D , Astuti  , Harianto  , Purwanto W , Manalu L P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Phyllanthus niruri L. drying kinetics were empirically examined at the temperature of 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, and 60 °C in an air-drying oven. The herbs’ aerial components (stems, leaves, and flowers) were picked after 9-10 weeks of planting. The drying procedure ended when the sample weights remained unchanged. The drying time varied from 7 to 20.5 hours. CurveExpert Professional was utilized to establish the optimal modeling fit. According to the statistical analysis, notably for the root mean square error (RMSE), determination coefficient (R2
), and residual chi-square (χ2
), Midilli-Kucuk has deemed the optimal function for characterizing the kinetics of P. niruri drying. The effective diffusivity and drying activation energy of P. niruri were reported to be 4.050x10-9 m2/s – 1.620x10-8 m2/s and 55.23 kJ/mol, respectively. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was also employed to analyze the effects of the temperature on flavonoid content. The measurement showed that the flavonoid content from all dried herbs varied from 1.18-1.69 %, which already meets the Farmakope Herbal Indonesia’s standard. The highest flavonoid content was found at the lowest drying temperature.
Reliable classification of nutmeg fruits from some geographical origins using SWNIR spectroscopy associated with PLS-DA and SVM methods: Case Study in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Devianti  , Sufardi  , Yusmanizar  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Essential oils of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) can have different qualities due to the soil and industrial process, as Indonesia’s main nutmeg production areas are enormous, especially in Aceh province. The lack of information on detecting chemical constituents and classifying nutmeg from Aceh province makes the price of nutmeg from Aceh unable to compete. Therefore, this study aims to reliably classify nutmeg fruits of some geographical origins in Aceh Province using shortwave near-infrared (SWNIR) spectroscopy associated with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM). The SWNIR used in this study has a wavelength of 381 to 1065 nm at a resolution of 3 nm and a diffuse reflectance mode. The fruit comes from four geographical areas of origin in the province of Aceh. A total of forty SWNIR spectral data were further classified using two algorithms, namely PLS-DA and SVM. The results show that SWNIR can correctly classify nutmeg from some sub-districts in Aceh province with the help of the PLS-DA and SVM algorithms. From this study, the following SVM algorithm is recommended to be used to classify nutmeg from the province of Aceh with an outstanding level of precision.
Workload Analysis during Operation Coconut Coir Peeler Operation
Authors: Idkham M , Dhafir M , Safrizal  , Aulia M R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Almost all Acehnese still rely on the sundak (pointed blade) or machete to peel the coconut skin. The use of sundak has a high work risk even though the workload is relatively light. The sharp tip of the sundak can injure the operator when peeling the coconut skin. Therefore, the coconut skin peeler is designed with different types, namely the crank type, tipping type, and scissors type. The operator’s workload analysis is carried out to be useful for developing the design of the coconut peeler so that it is hoped that the tool and method of peeling coconut skin is safer, greater cushty and greater effective. A workload analysis was performed by calculating the heart rate of three operators operating a coconut peeler. The workloads analyzed are qualitative and quantitative workloads. The results of the workload analysis show that the use of sundak is still classified as light work with an average IRHR of 1.15 and the required energy consumption of 2.62 kcal/kg.hour. Meanwhile, scissors type tools are also classified as light work with an average IRHR value of 1.25 with an energy consumption rate of 2.93 kcal/kg.hour. The use of crank type tools is still classified as light work with an average IRHR of 1.23 and an energy consumption rate of 2.84 kcal/kg.hour. The use of a tipping tool is middle class workload where the average IRHR is 1.28 and the power consumption rate is 3.09 kcal/kg.hour. For the use of a machete, it is classified as a job with a moderate workload where the average IRHR value is 1.29 with the required energy consumption rate of 3.25 kcal/kg.hour. The high workload of the operator is influenced by the habit of the operator in operating a tool.
The system dynamics modeling of tenant rice farmer in Aceh Besar regency
Authors: Hakim L , Monalisa  , Juliaviani N , Faradilla C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This research was conducted in a rice production center in Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, with the aims to model the behavior of tenant rice farmer, which can be used as a basis for policy making to improve the food security of farming family. The profession of tenant rice farmer is an interesting phenomenon to be studied related to its important role in meeting the community’s basic food needs and achieving rice self-sufficiency. Its very dynamic behavior and very complex problems are approached with a system dynamics method that is able to accommodate the complexity of the problem. The feedback structure in the system is used as the basis for understanding the behavior of the system. The results of the research based on the representation of the tenant rice farmer model through a positive causal loop diagram on the household cash of tenant rice farmer and a negative causal loop diagram on the tenant rice farmer household revenue model, revealed that the bitterness of the tenant rice farmer’s life stems from the absence of cash for capital. Farming is done by borrowing money that has accumulated into debt. Sustainability of farming and household life depends on cash liquidity. Limited cash liquidity causes farmer to lose the opportunity to obtain the highest grain prices and increase the added value of products.