bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diverse Legal and Regulatory Framework for Marine Sustainability Policy in the North Atlantic – Horrendograms as Tools to Assist Circumnavigating Through a Sea of Different Maritime Policies
Authors: Calado Helena , Vergílio Marta , Moniz Fabiana , Grimmel Henriette , Monwar Md. Mostafa , Papaioannou Eva A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough considerable progress has been made in the management and planning of the marine environment, important gaps still exist in streamlining policies across governance levels, maritime sectors, and between different countries. This can hinder effective Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and prevent harmonious cross-sectoral cooperation, and importantly, cross-border or trans-boundary collaboration. These may in turn have serious implications for overall ocean governance and ultimately, marine sustainability. The North Atlantic presents an ideal case-study region for reviewing these issues: North Atlantic countries have different governance structures, and as such, different approaches to marine policy. Therefore, for an effective marine management, cross-sectoral and cross-border MSP in the region, there is a need to review marine and maritime policies in order to identify differences and commonalities among countries. This chapter reviews major policies for the marine environment in the North Atlantic and assesses where differences between countries exist and at which governance level they are being created. Key research questions include: (i) Are there significant differences in marine policy between North Atlantic countries? Moreover, are there any substantial geographical/political differences? (ii) Are there differences in implementation of key policies? Such an analysis requires a sound framework for comparison among countries. To that end, the use of “horrendograms”, a tool increasingly being used by the marine research and planning community to assess such issues, is adopted. Results indicate that key differences between countries are created primarily at a national level of marine governance. Although differences between countries exist, overall strategic targets are similar. For instance, whilst the political systems of certain North Atlantic countries may differ substantially, key objectives for major sectors, such as fisheries and conservation, are similar – even when such objectives are implemented at different levels. Findings from the study can enable targeted policy intervention and, as such, assist the development of future outlooks of ocean governance in the region. Results can also aid the development of future visions and scenarios for MSP in the Atlantic region.
Recapitulating Functional Heterogeneity in Electrophysiologically Active Tissues
Authors: Bloothooft Meye , Shuttleworth Joseph G , Neiman Gabriel , Goswami Ishan , Edwards Andrew G 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInter-cellular heterogeneity is central to the dynamic range and robustness of function in many tissues, particularly electrically excitable tissues. In pancreatic islet &#x1D6FD;-cells, inter-cellular heterogeneity underlies the range of insulin response to glucose. In human-induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSCCMs), inter-cellular heterogeneity presents a key challenge for drug screening applications. In this study, we assess the ability to reconstruct inter-cellular heterogeneity in silico by applying a &#x201C;population of models&#x201D; (PoMs) framework, i.e. collections of computational cells created via Monte Carlo variation of model parameters. We define parameter variation based on experimentally observed heterogeneity in properties such as ion current conductances and enzymatic affinities. We then assess the accuracy of those reconstructions, based on the degree to which variation in PoM outputs (e.g. action potential duration) matches experimentally observed variation. We report that this &#x201C;ground-up&#x201D; approach underestimates functional heterogeneity in the hiPSC-CM population, but overestimates it in adult human cardiomyocytes. In contrast, the &#x1D6FD;-cell PoM captures three distinct and physiologically relevant subclasses of &#x1D6FD;-cell function. In the future, we expect PoM approaches like these willpermit incorporation of realistic cellular heterogeneity in detailed models of intact tissues, and thereby aid development of sophisticated tissue-engineered platforms for therapeutics.
Zwischenräume. Kommentierende Annotation und hermeneutische Bedeutungserschließung in digitalen Texten
Authors: Bauer Matthias , Viehhauser Gabriel , Zirker Angelika 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag wendet sich dem Verhältnis von digital edierten Texten und erklärender Annotation zu. Im Kontext der digitalen Editorik spielen Annotationen insbesondere bei der grundlegenden Modellierung von Texten eine bestimmende Rolle, etwa bei der Auszeichnung der Texte mittels TEI. Der Fokus gilt jedoch nicht primär dieser viel diskutierten Einrichtung von Texten mit Hilfe von strukturierendem Markup, sondern einer bislang weit weniger in den Fokus der Diskussion gerückten Form der Annotation, die gleichwohl bereits eine klassische Komponente der editorischen Texterschließung darstellt: Erklärende Annotationen reichern den Text in der Form eines Kommentars an. Im digitalen Medium ist es möglich, durch gestufte Annotationen, wie sie im Projekt TEASys (Tübingen Explanatory Annotations System) entwickelt wurden, etwa implizite Wissensannahmen von Leser*innen offen zu legen sowie Worterklärungen in Abgrenzung von intertextuellen Verweisen und Kontextinformationen zu benennen.
Einführung
Authors: Winko Simone 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Sektion I versammelt Beiträge unter zwei unterschiedlichen Leitfragen. Zum einen konzentriert sie sich auf den Gegenstandsbereich der Literaturwissenschaft, auf Literatur unter digitalen Bedingungen. Wie hat sich das Phänomen Literatur seit der Verbreitung digitaler Medien gewandelt und, dies interessiert hier vor allem, welche Folgen ergeben sich aus den Veränderungen für die literaturwissenschaftliche Erforschung von Literatur? Zum anderen untersucht sie Konsequenzen für die Disziplin als solche und fragt nach der Literaturwissenschaft unter digitalen Bedingungen.
Einführung
Authors: Stäcker Thomas 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Sektion IV hatte zum Ziel, unter dem Thema der Schnittstelle, das etwa in der Medientheorie intensiver diskutiert wird, vor allem die Frage der Standardisierung, der Interaktion und die Beziehung der digitalen Literaturwissenschaft zur digitalen Sammlung, vor allem, aber nicht nur dem Archiv und der Bibliothek, als den Reservoiren,die die digitale Literaturwissenschaft mit Daten und Dokumenten versorgen, zu adressieren. Dies war der Einsicht geschuldet,dass Digitalität einhergeht mit neuen Suchmöglichkeiten, mit Prozessen der Aggregation, der Interaktion oder auch Vernetzung,die ihrerseits aber nur dann wirksam werden, wenn sie in die Modellierungs- und Präsentationsverfahren der eigenen Forschung einfließen. Die Forderung nach Schnittstellenkonformität hat somit auf den verschiedenen Ebenen Auswirkungen auf den Forschungs- und Publikationsprozess und sollte in ihrer Tragweite und Virulenz diskutiert werden.
Briefeditionen vernetzen
Authors: Dumont Stefan 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungBriefe gehören zu den wertvollsten Quellen für die literatur-, geschichts-, musik- und sprachwissenschaftliche Forschung. In ihnen werden ganz unterschiedliche Ereignisse, Erkenntnisse, Personen oder Publikationen aus der Lebens- und Arbeitswelt der Schreiber angesprochen und kommentiert. Allerdings ist die Masse der überlieferten Briefe so groß, dass selbst ediert vorliegende Korrespondenzen kaum überschaut werden können und daher nur begrenzt von der Wissenschaft ausgewertet werden. Dieses Problem will der Webservice correspSearch lösen, indem er Korrespondenzmetadaten aus gedruckten und digitalen Editionen aggregiert und projektübergreifend zur Recherche zur Verfügung stellt. Dabei greift correspSearch auf ein standardisiertes, TEI-XML-basiertes Austauschformat sowie IDs aus Normdateien zurück. Die Daten werden auch über eine API zum automatisierten und freien Abruf bereitgestellt, so dass ganz neue Vernetzungsmöglichkeiten entstehen.
Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum Forschungsstand und ordnet vor diesem Hintergrund die Entwicklung von correspSearch ein. Außerdem diskutiert er Herausforderungen und Chancen des digitalen Konzepts des Webservice.
Reassembling the Novel. The English Novel, 1789–1919
Authors: Riddell Allen , Betancourt Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn inclusive history of the novel during the long 19th century, one involving the demography of novels and novelists, has been widely discussed. A precondition for this kind of historical research is an exhaustive list of novels published during the period. The contribution of this paper are estimates of yearly rates of new novel production between 1837 and 1919 in the British Isles.
Nachbarschaften machen Stadt. Nachbarschaftsinitiativen und -vereine als Treiber der Quartiersentwicklung und Kooperationspartner*innen der raumbezogenen Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Tappert Simone 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungGlobale Nachrichten über Klimawandel, Finanzkrisen und Umwälzungen in verschiedenen Ländern und die zunehmende Ausprägung städtischer Phänomene wie Verdrängung und Segregation verunsichern die zivilgesellschaftliche Bevölkerung und führen zu Reaktionen entlang von Rückzug und Protest. In städtischen Räumen lässt sich eine zunehmende Selbstorganisation der Zivilgesellschaft in Form von Nachbarschaftsinitiativen und -vereinen konstatieren, die sich als Akteur*innen der Stadtentwicklung positionieren. Dabei entwickeln und treiben sie ihre eigenen Konzepte und Lösungsansätze für gesellschaftliche und stadtentwicklungspolitische Fragestellungen voran und fordern ihr Recht auf Mit- und Selbstbestimmung ein, unter gleichzeitiger Wahrung ihrer Autonomie und Unabhängigkeit. Die raumbezogene Soziale Arbeit ist über unterschiedliche Handlungsfelder in die Planung und Entwicklung von Quartieren eingewoben und muss sich in dieser Rekonstituierung einer local governance neu positionieren. Der Beitrag zeigt anhand einer qualitativen Studie in Berlin Kreuzberg auf, welche Potenziale sich durch einen kooperativen Handlungsansatz ergeben, wie dieser gestaltet werden kann, und welche Herausforderungen und Chancen sich daraus für die beteiligten Akteur*innen ergeben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der kooperative Ansatz eine hohe Reaktionsfähigkeit, Flexibilität und Pragmatismus, aber auch das Aufgeben eines Steuerungsanspruchs benötigt, sowie die Kompetenz, mit unterschiedlichen Rationalitäten und Logiken der vielfältigen Akteur*innen umzugehen. Dadurch können neue Perspektiven, innovative Praktiken und Veränderungen ermöglicht und gefördert werden.
Protection of Minors on Video Sharing Platforms
Authors: Specht-Riemenschneider Louisa , Marko Alina , Wette Sascha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMinors are increasingly exposed to harmful content and must be especially protected from incitement to hatred, violence and terrorism, in particular through misinformation, in their development phase. The principal provisions relevant to the protection of minors are set forth in the Interstate Treaty on the Protection of Minors in the Media (Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrag; JMStV), the Protection of Minors Act (JuSchG), and the Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG). The chief point is for the platforms, as content intermediaries, to be held more responsible than they traditionally have been. This paper examines what measures are imposed on platforms under the JMStV, JuSchG, and NetzDG, as well as on how these may be structured going forward. In particular, the consequences for the protection of minors will be addressed.
Data Collection, Privacy, and Children in the Digital Economy
Authors: Arewa Olufunmilayo B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTechnologies today facilitate widespread dissemination of information, including visual images, and rapid communication to billions of people across the globe. Digital economy firms increasingly shape how we create, disseminate, and access data and information. Data-driven business models increasingly influence companies’ aggregation and use of their customers’ personal information. The collection and use of data have a particular impact on children. Access to information about children may pose both short-term and long-term threats. Children potentially have different and perhaps even greater risks than adults because their relationships with digital spaces may be mediated by family relationships and the activities of other people who may have the authority to disclose their data. A significant percentage of children’s identity theft comes from persons known to them, such as family members. As a result, regulation of children’s data implicates family relationships in ways that are potentially difficult and complex. Existing legal and regulatory approaches may focus on data privacy after it has been collected, with insufficient attention to the effectiveness of consent in light of widespread data technology business models, as well as to extensive data collection and aggregation. While this may harm both adults and children, it places a particular burden on children.
Rethinking Finland’s Official Bilingualism in Education
Authors: From Tuuli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFinland is an officially bilingual country with two national languages, Finnish and Swedish. Comprehensive education is organised along two separate, monolingual strands. The separation of Swedish- and Finnish-medium schools has been presented as a precondition for protecting Swedish language. However, while the present educational policies promote multilingualism, some critical questions concerning the system based on language separation arise. In both Finnish-medium and Swedish-medium schools, the linguistic backgrounds of pupils are increasingly diverse. In the past decade, an increasing demand for bilingual educational solutions has emerged among the families where both national languages are spoken but also among non-Swedish-speaking families. Using a theoretical framework influenced by the notion of linguistic governance, this chapter illuminates how some educational practices are considered as thinkable and others as threatening the status quo of Finland’s societal bilingualism. Placing monolingual Finnish- and Swedish-medium schools in shared facilities has encountered resistance and revealed a monolingual spatial ideology. Instead, bilingual practices maintaining institutional separation, such as bilingual education for Finnish-speakers have been proposed as acceptable solutions. In the most recent of these debates, such as in the planning process of a bilingual public school in the capital, Helsinki, discourses of profit and commodification of language are starting to unfold. The chapter concludes that the question of state bilingualism in Finnish schooling might be heading towards increasing differentiation in relation to the national languages.
Religions and Worldviews as “The Problem” in Finnish Schools
Authors: Rissanen Inkeri , Poulter Saila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFinland has a rather unique model of non-confessional worldview education that draws on pupils’ “own worldview”. Internationally this model has been applauded for ensuring freedom of religion and belief, but in Finland it is regularly debated. In this chapter we employ a wider notion of worldview education that takes into account the role of worldviews in school culture and allows scrutiny of how all education is nested in a system of values and can be analysed as education into (and from) worldview. We introduce the foundations of worldview education in Finnish basic education, and analyse negotiations about the inclusion of worldview plurality in the every-day life of schools in light of our empirical studies. We argue that, despite the official multiculturalist and inclusivist ideals, unrecognised monoculturalism prevails in Finnish schools as majority worldviews are not seen as worldviews but deemed universal and therefore neutral. This universalism induces perceptions of religions and worldviews as “the problem” in school: while more superficial cultural differences are celebrated, recognition of diversity at the more profound ethical, ontological and epistemological level would demand willingness to question the universality of the core values and ideals of the education system. We discuss the necessity and prospects of departing from monoculturalism and moving towards critical worldview education.
Finland’s Ministry of Education and Culture in the Light of Its Working Groups
Authors: Kallunki Jarmo , Kauko Jaakko , Pizmony-Levy Oren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) has traditionally been considered as the most central actor and the powerhouse in the education policy field in Finland. While the position of the MEC in the Finnish education policy system seems stable, there have been several organisational changes within the MEC over the past three decades. One of these is the disintegration of the committee system and its replacement by the working groups system, a trend that is part of a more general change from governing to governance since the 1990s. In this chapter we analyse data containing the MEC’s working groups and their members with social network analysis in order to understand the ways in which the working group system affects the MEC and its operation. Our analysis suggests that the MEC is organised rather strongly by departments: early childhood and general education, vocational education and training, higher education and research, culture and arts, and youth and sports. Analysing the network through the individual working group members we observed that, in addition to public officials, individuals representing interest organisations such as labour and trade unions were important links between the working groups.
A Progressive Force in Finnish Schooling?: Finland’s Education Union, OAJ, and Its Influence on School-Level Education Policy
Authors: Nivanaho Nina , Thrupp Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Trade Union of Education in Finland, OAJ, is a large organisation covering early childhood education through to adult education and training. OAJ claims to have a key role in influencing education policy and often takes up progressive stances in the media. At the same time, there has been little evidence of it contesting government policy in any overt way. To explore whether OAJ really influences Finnish education policy and in what ways, this chapter looks at education policy concerning comprehensive schooling during the period of the centre-right Sipilä Government in power from 2015–19 and then at the interests and responses of the OAJ over the same period. Employing a thematic analysis of OAJ press releases and other publications, the authors argue that whereas the Sipilä Government’s education policy emphasised a more neo-liberal and individualistic approach to educational equity, the OAJ often sought to highlight a version of educational equality and its challenges associated with a democratic ideal of social justice. The OAJ also sought a longer-term perspective in Finnish education politics than was manifested in the various projects of the Sipilä Government. Overall, the chapter provides insights into Finnish education policy-making processes that involve decision-makers and working groups operating at both national and local (municipal) levels and the related positioning of the OAJ.
A Right-handed neutrino portal to the hidden sector: active neutrinos and their twins in an F-theory model
Authors: Kawamura Junichiro , Raby Stuart 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We analyze the neutrino phenomenology in an SU(5) F-theory model with both a visible sector and a twin hidden sector. At low energies, the strong and weak scales of the two sectors may differ but the spectrum of states is described by the MSSM (MSSM′) in the visible (twin) sectors. What is special about the model is that there are right-handed neutrinos which couple to both sectors via Yukawa couplings. As a result, assuming 3 right-handed neutrinos with a large mass much greater than the weak scale, at tree-level the seesaw mechanism results in 3 massive Majorana neutrinos and 3 massless ones. The massless neutrinos acquire mass via radiative corrections. In our analysis, the massless neutrinos are predominantly active neutrinos, while the massive neutrinos are predominantly sterile neutrinos. We fit the active neutrino masses and mixing angles and discuss the phenomenology of the lightest sterile neutrino. Finally we consider some possible scenarios for cosmology.
Effects of reduction technique for acute anterior shoulder dislocation without sedation or intra-articular pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baden D. N. , Visser M. F. L. , Roetman M. H. , Smeeing D. P. J. , Houwert R. M. , Groenwold R. H. H. , van der Meijden O. A. J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Anterior shoulder dislocations are commonly seen in the emergency department for which several closed reduction techniques exist. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the most successful principle of closed reduction techniques for an acute anterior shoulder dislocation in the emergency department without the use of sedation or intra-articular lidocaine injection.

Methods
A literature search was conducted up to 15-08-2022 in the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL for randomized and observational studies comparing two or more closed reduction techniques for anterior shoulder dislocations. Included techniques were grouped based on their main operating mechanism resulting in a traction–countertraction (TCT), leverage and biomechanical reduction technique (BRT) group. The primary outcome was success rate and secondary outcomes were reduction time and endured pain scores. Meta-analyses were conducted between reduction groups and for the primary outcome a network meta-analysis was performed.

Results
A total of 3118 articles were screened on title and abstract, of which 9 were included, with a total of 987 patients. Success rates were 0.80 (95% CI 0.74; 0.85), 0.81 (95% CI 0.63; 0.92) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.56; 0.93) for BRT, leverage and TCT, respectively. No differences in success rates were observed between the three separate reduction groups. In the network meta-analysis, similar yet more precise effect estimates were found. However, in a post hoc analysis the BRT group was more successful than the combined leverage and TCT group with a relative risk of 1.33 (95% CI 1.19, 1.48).

Conclusion
All included techniques showed good results with regard to success of reduction. The BRT might be the preferred technique for the reduction of an anterior shoulder dislocation, as patients experience the least pain and it results in the fastest reduction.