bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Toughness Combined with High Strength in Oxide Ceramic Nanofibers
Authors: Liu Cheng , Liao Yalong , Jiao Wenling , Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Ni , Yu Jianyong , Liu Yi‐Tao , Ding Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTraditional oxide ceramics are inherently brittle and highly sensitive to defects, making them vulnerable to failure under external stress. As such, endowing these materials with high strength and high toughness simultaneously is crucial to improve their performance in most safety‐critical applications. Fibrillation of the ceramic materials and further refinement of the fiber diameter, as realized by electrospinning, are expected to achieve the transformation from brittleness to flexibility owing to the structural uniqueness. Currently, the synthesis of electrospun oxide ceramic nanofibers must rely on an organic polymer template to regulate the spinnability of the inorganic sol, whose thermal decomposition during ceramization will inevitably lead to pore defects, and seriously weaken the mechanical properties of the final nanofibers. Here, a self‐templated electrospinning strategy is proposed for the formation of oxide ceramic nanofibers without adding any organic polymer template. An example is given to show that individual silica nanofibers have an ideally homogeneous, dense, and defect‐free structure, with tensile strength as high as 1.41 GPa and toughness up to 34.29 MJ m−3, both of which are far superior to the counterparts prepared by polymer‐templated electrospinning. This work provides a new strategy to develop oxide ceramic materials that are strong and tough.
Mechanical Force Characterization of Living Cells based on Needle Deformation
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Zhang Youchao , Cao Minxuan , Shu Qingyao , Knoll Alois , Jiang Huanyu , Ying Yibin , Zhou Mingchuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of cells play an important role in cell development and function. Therefore, measurement of cell mechanical properties is a fundamental and essential tool for cell research. In this article, a novel method to estimate the force exerted on a living cell is proposed based on glass needle deformation, which does not require additional physical sensors compared with other force‐sensing methods. The three‐dimensional (3D) spatial state of the needle is reconstructed, and the parameters of needle deflection are obtained based on a multi‐focus image fusion algorithm. The average reconstruction error of this algorithm is 0.94 µm. Based on the deformation of the needle, a mechanical model of needle deformation is established, and the model is calibrated using a constructed calibration system. At the range of 0–200 µN, the highest resolution is 0.002 µN and the lowest resolution is 5.3 µN. The proposed method can be used to estimate the force exerted by a needle on the surface of a living cell.
Multispectral Microscopic Multiplexed (3M) Imaging of Atomically‐Thin Crystals Using Deep Learning
Authors: Dong Xingchen , Li Hongwei , Wang Kun , Menze Bjoern , Jakobi Martin , Yetisen Ali K. , Koch Alexander W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUltra‐thin atomic crystals are promising for fabricating next‐generation photonic and optoelectronic devices. Wafer‐scale characterization techniques are highly desired for efficient and accurate thickness identification of these crystals and their heterostructures. Optical contrast between atomic crystals and substrates based on Fresnel theory is a key technique for the identification of thicknesses. Both RGB color information and spectroscopic information have been explored for layer number counting and implemented with machine learning algorithms based on large amounts of data for feature extraction. In this work, a multispectral microscopic method combining the hardware design and deep‐learning algorithms is developed. Multispectral image restoration during large‐area scanning caused by optical imaging modality drifts and automated layer number identification based on multispectral grayscale images are studied using deep learning models: generative adversarial network (GAN) and 3D U‐Net. These models are trained using custom‐built multispectral data sets and evaluated quantitatively with indicators (Dice coefficient, confusion matrix, structural similarity). After these models are trained and tested, they are integrated into a graphic user interface for on‐site identification use. The developed method provides a framework using multispectral images for 3D data reconstruction and segmentation and can be implemented for wafer‐scale characterization of heterostructures containing different species of ultra‐thin atomic crystals.
Quadrat misuse: Confessions of a cover crop researcher's biomass sampling journey
Authors: Brennan Eric B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRectangular quadrats (1 m2 or less) are commonly used in cover crop research to sample shoot biomass in fields where the cover crops are planted in narrow rows. However, in drilled cover crops, quadrats do not accurately estimate cover crop biomass unless the width dimension of the quadrat, that runs perpendicular to the rows, is a multiple of the cover crop row spacing. Illustrations are provided with correctly sized and placed quadrats for sampling drilled cover crops along with calculations to convert sampled biomass to field‐scale units. Examples with various quadrat sizes, row spacings, and quadrat placements are used to illustrate how researchers can inadvertently underestimate or overestimate biomass by up to 49% and 27%, respectively. A survey of 92 articles with cover crop biomass data published in the Agronomy Journal and Weed Technology from 2017 to 2021 found that many studies used an incorrect quadrat size, which suggests that they may have inaccurately estimated cover crop biomass. However, assumptions were made to reach this conclusion because only a few papers provided the dimensions, orientation, and shape of the quadrat used. These results (1) raise important questions about possible errors made in papers reporting cover crop biomass data and associated metrics (nitrogen uptake, weed biomass, etc.), and (2) highlight the need for describing sampling methods in greater detail to ensure that accurate data and analysis are published in the literature. Approaches to correct possible errors in published research are described along with biomass sampling suggestions for future cover crop research.
A comparative study of different sleep assessment methods for preschool children
Authors: Zhenya Chang , Ling Wang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to examine the differences between different sleep assessment methods for preschool children.MethodsPreschool children (n = 54, mean age: 4.6 years) were recruited from kindergarten. Data were collected using an accelerometer, a sleep log, and sleep questionnaire. Furthermore, correlation analysis, Bland–Altman analysis, and repeated measures ANOVA were performed.Results(1) The sleep duration evaluated by different sleep assessment methods were all significantly correlated, among which the sleep log and Sadeh algorithm showed the highest correlation (r = 0.972, p < .001), while the Tudor‐Locke algorithm and the sleep questionnaire demonstrated the lowest correlation (r = 0.383, p < .01); (2) The points between different sleep assessment methods were all within 95% LoA, except for the sleep log and Tudor‐Locke algorithm; (3) In various methods of sleep assessment, significant differences were observed in sleep onset (F2(1.6,85.0) = 32.8, p < .001, η2: 0.38), while no significant differences were observed in sleep offset (F2(1.5,80.1) = 32.8, p = .05, η2: 0.05); (4) In addition, no significant difference in sleep onset was observed between the sleep questionnaire and sleep log (p > .05), and there was also no significant difference in sleep onset between the Sadeh algorithm and the Tudor‐Locke algorithm (p > .05).ConclusionsBoth the Sadeh algorithm and the Tudor‐Locke algorithm can be used as effective algorithms for sleep duration assessment of Chinese preschool children, with the latter having obvious advantages in large sample surveys. Future research should pay attention to the differences between different sleep assessment methods when using these algorithms.
Linear quadratic control for multiple time‐delayed uncertain random systems
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhu Yuanguo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on time‐delayed linear quadratic control problems (LQCPs). Firstly, a general time‐delayed control problem for a linear time‐varying system is investigated. This problem is equivalent to an optimization problem without time delays, and corresponding recurrence equations are proposed accordingly. Furthermore, based on recurrence equations and chance theory, two different types of LQCPs are researched, where the control weighting matrices are positive definite and indefinite, respectively. Exact solutions for the optimal results of these LQCPs are provided. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the findings.
Team optimal decentralized estimation by multiple agents with partial history sharing information structure
Authors: Liu Jingmei , Xu Juanjuan , Zhang Huanshui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the team optimal decentralized estimation with partial history sharing information structure. There exist
agents that have their own observations and share partial history observations to each other. The main contributions include two aspects: One is to give the iterative equations of the common estimation, which is the conditional expectation of state with respect to the common information for all agents and the innovation of the local information for each agent; the other is to provide the structure of the team optimal decentralized estimation, that is, the linear combination of the common estimation and the innovation of the local information. The novelty lies in that the estimation can be obtained at one time by defining an augmented state. In particular, the result is reduced to the well‐known centralized estimation when all the information is sharing for all the agents.
Validated spectrofluorimetric assay of two co‐administered drug mixtures containing hydroxychloroquine with either moxifloxacin or ofloxacin as a drug regimen for hospital‐acquired pneumonia in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: El‐Sayed Asmaa , Elmansi Heba mohamed , Shalan Shereen , Eid Manal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMoxifloxacin and ofloxacin are two broad‐spectrum quinolone antibiotics. They are among the most widely used antibiotics, at this time, applied to control the COVID‐19 pandemic. Hydroxychloroquine is an FDA‐approved drug for the treatment of COVID‐19. This work describes a simple, green, selective, and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of moxifloxacin and ofloxacin in the presence of hydroxychloroquine, two co‐administered mixtures used in the treatment of hospital‐acquired pneumonia in patients with COVID‐19. Simultaneous assay of hydroxychloroquine and moxifloxacin was carried out in methanol using a direct spectrofluorimetric method (method I) at 375 and 550 nm, respectively, after excitation at 300 nm. The direct spectrofluorimetric assay was rectilinear over concentration ranges 50.0–400.0 and 300.0–2500.0 ng/ml for hydroxychloroquine and moxifloxacin, respectively, with limits of detection (LOD) of 6.4 and 33.64 ng/ml and limits of quantitation (LOQ) of 19.4 and 102.6 ng/ml, respectively, for the two drugs. The assay for hydroxychloroquine and ofloxacin was carried out by measuring the first derivative synchronous amplitude for hydroxychloroquine at the zero crossing point of ofloxacin and vice versa at Δλ = 140 nm (method II). Hydroxychloroquine was measured at 266 nm, while ofloxacin was measured at 340 nm over the concentration range 4–40 ng/ml for hydroxychloroquine and 200–2000 ng/ml for ofloxacin with LOD of 0.467 and 25.3 ng/ml and LOQ of 1.42 and 76.6 ng/ml, respectively, for the two drugs. The two methods were validated following International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and were applied to the analysis of the two drugs in plasma with good percentage recoveries (109.73–93.17%).
Comparison of health‐related quality of life and cosmetic outcome between traditional gasless trans‐axillary endoscopic thyroidectomy and modified gasless trans‐axillary endoscopic thyroidectomy for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Dhoomun Deenraj Kush , Cai HuiLan , Li Ning , Qiu YanHuan , Li XingRui , Hu XiaoPeng , Shen WenZhuang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundGasless trans‐axillary endoscopic thyroidectomy (GTET) has been proved to provide better cosmetic results; however, it has limitations as dissection of central neck lymph nodes is difficult. We developed a modified approach (MGTET‐modified GTET) and compared it with the traditional one in terms of patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and cosmetic results in order to provide more convincing therapeutic results.MethodsBetween January 2021 and June 2021, 100 cN0 patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were randomized to undergo either MGTET (n = 50) or GTET (n = 50). These two groups' baseline characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative findings, were compared. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was determined 6 months after surgery. Thyroid Cancer‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess HRQoL at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.ResultsM‐GTET was associated with a larger number of lymph nodes dissected (p < 0.001), lower drainage volume (p < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (p < 0.001), and shorter axillary incision (p < 0.001). POSAS was more favorable in M‐GTET. HRQoL was significantly better for MGTET in terms of less problems with scar (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study suggests that MGTET provides better therapeutic, cosmetic, and HRQoL outcomes.
Campesterol Semi‐Synthetic Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial: in vitro and in silico Evaluation
Authors: Freitas da Silva Francisco Erivaldo , das Chagas Lima Pinto Francisco , Loiola Pessoa Otília Deusdênia , Marques da Fonseca Aluísio , Martins da Costa José Galberto , Pinheiro Santiago Gilvandete Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, twelve campesterol derivatives (2–13) were prepared by esterification reaction at the hydroxy group in C‐3 and catalytic hydrogenation at the carbon‐carbon double bond in C‐5(6). All obtained compounds were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and MS spectra. Campesterol (1) and its derivatives (2–13) were evaluated in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 0046), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 10031) using the microdilution method. Among tested compounds, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, and 13 displayed the best antibacterial activity. Moreover, to support the antibacterial activity experiments, the investigation of molecular interactions of more active compounds, and also compound 1 and neomycin, used as starting material and positive control, respectively, at the binding site of the target proteins was performed using molecular docking simulations. Four compounds (7, 9, 10 and 11) are herein described for the first time.
The proactive–reactive classification of intimate partner violence offenders: A multi‐method approach to classification
Authors: Babcock Julia C. , Kini Sheetal , Pathak Neha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMen who commit violence against an intimate partner differ in their motives. Classifying the proactivity of men's partner violence may reveal important differences that could be treatment targets.AimsTo examine the differences between proactive and reactive partner violence based on coded descriptions of past violent events.MethodCommunity cohabiting couples reporting intimate partner violence were recruited via advertisements. Men and women were independently interviewed about past male‐to‐female violent events. The narratives of a male perpetrator and a female victim were coded using a Proactive–Reactive coding system, yielding three categories of violence: reactive, mixed proactive/reactive and proactive. The three categories were compared for differences in personality disorder features, attachment, psychophysiological reactivity during a conflict discussion task, and a self‐ and partner report of men's proactive and reactive aggressive tendencies.ResultsThe results revealed a 54% classification agreement between perpetrator and victim reports. No differences were found on personality or attachment measures between the groups regardless of gender of the reporter. Reactive violence was related to a tendency to self‐report more reactive aggression and higher heart rate reactivity during a laboratory conflict discussion compared to the group reporting both proactive and reactive violent incidents.ConclusionThis study suggests that a coding system for intimate partner violence can be applied to community volunteers, and it is a reliable report and valid. However, there are discrepancies when the coding is based on the perpetrator or victim reports.
Sustainable Syntheses of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen from Biorenewable β‐pinene
Authors: Tibbetts Joshua D. , Hutchby Marc , Cunningham William B. , Chapman Robert S. L. , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Davidson Matthew G. , Bull Steven D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractScalable processes have been developed to convert β‐pinene into 4‐isopropenylcyclohexanone, which is then used as a feedstock for the divergent synthesis of sustainable versions of the common painkillers, paracetamol and ibuprofen. Both synthetic routes use Pd0 catalysed reactions to aromatize the cyclohexenyl rings of key intermediates to produce the benzenoid ring systems of both drugs. The potential of using bioderived 4‐hydroxyacetophenone as a drop‐in feedstock replacement to produce sustainable aromatic products is also discussed within a terpene biorefinery context.
Curriculum work and hermeneutics
Authors: Hodge Steven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe curriculum work of teachers is understood and conceptualised in different ways. A prevalent view is that teachers are an integral part of a system of transmission and their work with curriculum essentially a technical exercise. Some form of this view seems to be assumed by policymakers, parents and at least some teachers. However, when this same work is considered from the perspective of interpretation theory or ‘hermeneutics’, a contrasting picture emerges. Rather than positioning teachers as relays of explicit information, interpretation theory alerts us to the complexities and uncertainties inherent in the reading, appreciation and application of texts. On this view, meaning is not stable but transformed through interpretation, and the process itself has no definite end point. Interpretation theory thus undermines major assumptions of the technical‐transmission understanding of curriculum work. In this paper, the potential contribution of this body of theory to illuminating curriculum work is explored. Noting that hermeneutics is a vast area of study, a selection of concepts will be made that demonstrates some of these insights. The exploration will yield both critical and generative contributions to curriculum theory. The way hermeneutics undermines the transmission view of teachers' curriculum work will become clear, and at the same time, the inherent creativity of curriculum interpretation becomes an inescapable feature of teacher expertise that could be celebrated rather than neglected, denied or repressed. A hermeneutic analysis of curriculum work thus has implications for what teachers know and do and for their role in contemporary society.
Exploitation of elasto‐inertial fluid flow for the separation of nano‐sized particles: Simulating the isolation of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Pouraria Hassan , Foudazi Reza , Houston Jessica P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh throughput and efficient separation/isolation of nanoparticles such as exosomes remain a challenge owing to their small size. Elasto‐inertial approaches have a new potential to be leveraged because of the ability to achieve fine control over the forces that act on extremely small particles. That is, the viscoelasticity of fluid that helps carry biological particles such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cells through microfluidic channels can be tailored to optimize how different‐sized particles move within the chip. In this contribution, we demonstrate through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations the ability to separate nanoparticles with a size comparable to exosomes from larger spheres with physical properties comparable to cells and larger EVs. Our current design makes use of an efficient flow‐focusing geometry at the inlet of the device in which two side channels deliver the sample, while the inner channel injects the sheath flow. Such flow configuration results in an efficient focusing of all the particles near the sidewalls of the channel at the inlet. By dissolving a minute amount of polymer in the sample and sheath fluid, the elastic lift force arises and the initially focused particle adjacent to the wall will gradually migrate toward the center of the channel. This results in larger particles experiencing larger elastic forces, thereby migrating faster toward the center of the channel. By adjusting the size and location of the outlets, nanoparticles comparable to the size of exosomes (30–100 nm) will be effectively separated from other particles. Furthermore, the influence of different parameters such as channel geometry, flow rate, and fluid rheology on the separation process is evaluated by computational analysis.
Harmonization of cognitive screening tools for dementia across diverse samples: A simulation study
Authors: Gavett Brandon E. , Ilango Sindana D. , Koscik Rebecca , Ma Yue , Helfand Benjamin , Eng Chloe W. , Gross Alden , Trittschuh Emily H. , Jones Richard N. , Mungas Dan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionResearch focusing on cognitive aging and dementia is a global endeavor. However, cross‐national differences in cognition are embedded in other sociocultural differences, precluding direct comparisons of test scores. Such comparisons can be facilitated by co‐calibration using item response theory (IRT). The goal of this study was to explore, using simulation, the necessary conditions for accurate harmonization of cognitive data.MethodNeuropsychological test scores from the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) were subjected to IRT analysis to estimate item parameters and sample means and standard deviations. These estimates were used to generate simulated item response patterns under 10 scenarios that adjusted the quality and quantity of linking items used in harmonization. IRT‐derived factor scores were compared to the known population values to assess bias, efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the harmonized data.ResultsThe current configuration of HRS and MHAS data was not suitable for harmonization, as poor linking item quality led to large bias in both cohorts. Scenarios with more numerous and higher quality linking items led to less biased and more accurate harmonization.DiscussionLinking items must possess low measurement error across the range of latent ability for co‐calibration to be successful.HIGHLIGHTS
We developed a statistical simulation platform to evaluate the degree to which cross‐sample harmonization accuracy varies as a function of the quality and quantity of linking items.
Two large studies of aging—one in Mexico and one in the United States—use three common items to measure cognition.
These three common items have weak correspondence with the ability being measured and are all low in difficulty.
Harmonized scores derived from the three common linking items will provide biased and inaccurate estimates of cognitive ability.
Harmonization accuracy is greatest when linking items vary in difficulty and are strongly related to the ability being measured.