bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spotlight on the 2022 ESC guideline management of ventricular arrhythmias and prevention of sudden cardiac death: 10 novel key aspects
Authors: Könemann Hilke , Dagres Nikolaos , Merino José Luis , Sticherling Christian , Zeppenfeld Katja , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Eckardt Lars 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias are a global health issue. Recently, a new guideline for the management of ventricular arrhythmias and prevention of sudden cardiac death has been published by the European Society of Cardiology that serves as an update to the 2015 guideline on this topic. This review focuses on 10 novel key aspects of the current guideline: As new aspects, public basic life support and access to defibrillators are guideline topics. Recommendations for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with ventricular arrhythmias are structured according to frequently encountered clinical scenarios. Management of electrical storm has become a new focus. In addition, genetic testing and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging significantly gained relevance for both diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification. New algorithms for antiarrhythmic drug therapy aim at improving safe drug use. The new recommendations reflect increasing relevance of catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias, especially in patients without structural heart disease or stable coronary artery disease with only mildly impaired ejection fraction and haemodynamically tolerated ventricular tachycardias. Regarding sudden cardiac death risk stratification, risk calculators for laminopathies, and long QT syndrome are now considered besides the already established risk calculator for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Generally, ‘new’ risk markers beyond left ventricular ejection fraction are increasingly considered for recommendations on primary preventive implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy. Furthermore, new recommendations for diagnosis of Brugada syndrome and management of primary electrical disease have been included. With many comprehensive flowcharts and practical algorithms, the new guideline takes a step towards a user-oriented reference book.
Impacts of Caregiving on Health of New Spousal Caregivers to Older Adults in the United States: A Coarsened Exact Matching Analysis
Authors: Liu Ruotong , Chi Iris , Wu Shinyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesSpousal caregivers of older adults, especially new spousal caregivers, face increased risks of negative health outcomes due to the demands of caregiving and their own health decline. Estimating the impacts of caregiving on health without controlling for caregivers’ own aging-related health decline could exaggerate the negative health consequences of caregiving, while focusing solely on caregivers could result in selection bias where healthier individuals enter and/or remain in caregiving. This study aims to estimate the impacts of caregiving on health of new spousal caregivers while controlling for observable confounders.MethodsWe utilized coarsened exact matching analysis to compare health outcomes between new spousal caregivers and spousal noncaregivers using pooled panel data from 2006 to 2018 in the Health and Retirement Study. We analyzed 242,123 person-wave observations from 42,180 unique individuals, among whom 3,927 were new spousal caregivers. Variables used for matching were classified into 3 categories: care needs, willingness to provide care, and ability to provide care. Two-year outcomes assessed are spouse’s self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and cognitive functioning.ResultsA total of 3,417 (87.01%) new spousal caregivers were matched with 129,798 observations of spousal noncaregivers. Regression analysis indicated being a new spousal caregiver was associated with a 0.18- (standard error = 0.05) unit increase in number of depressive symptoms. No statistically significant results were identified for self-rated health and cognitive functioning.DiscussionOur results highlighted the needs to address mental health among new spousal caregivers and emphasized the importance of addressing mental health in long-term care programs and policies.
Temporal variations of the ambient seismic field at the Sardinia candidate site of the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Di Giovanni M , Koley S , Ensing J X , Andric T , Harms J , D’Urso D , Naticchioni L , De Rosa R , Giunchi C , Allocca A , Cadoni M , Calloni E , Cardini A , Carpinelli M , Contu A , Errico L , Mangano V , Olivieri M , Punturo M , Rapagnani P , Ricci F , Rozza D , Saccorotti G , Trozzo L , Dell’aquila D , Pesenti L , Sipala V , Tosta e Melo I 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY
Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed underground infrastructure in Europe to host future generations of gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. One of its design goals is to extend the observation band of terrestrial GW detectors from currently about 20 Hz down to 3 Hz. The coupling of a detector to its environment becomes stronger at lower frequencies, which makes it important to carefully analyse environmental disturbances at ET candidate sites. Seismic disturbances pose the greatest challenge since there are several important mechanisms for seismic vibrations to produce noise in ET, for example, through gravitational coupling, stray light, or through harmful constraints on the design of ET’s control system. In this paper, we present an analysis of the time-variant properties of the seismic field at the Sardinia candidate site of ET connected to anthropogenic as well as natural phenomena. We find that temporal variations of source distributions and of the noise spectra generally follow predictable trends in the form of diurnal, weekly, or seasonal cycles. Specific seismic sources were identified such as road bridges, which produce observable disturbances underground. This information can be used to adapt a detector’s seismic isolation and control system.
Physiological and pathological roles of locally expressed kisspeptin and KISS1R in the endometrium
Authors: Zhang Jieyu , Jin Lei , Kong Lingnan , Nie Li , Yuan Dongzhi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Kisspeptins, encoded by the KISS1 gene, are a family of polypeptides that bind the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) to perform biological functions. Produced mainly in the hypothalamus, these neuropeptides regulate the pulsatile secretion of GnRH and trigger the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis. Other peripheral organs also express kisspeptin, which inhibits metastasis. Kisspeptin and KISS1R are reportedly present in the endometrium and may play roles in limiting the migration and invasion of trophoblasts into the endometrium during pregnancy (decidua) to maintain endometrial homeostasis. A deficiency of kisspeptin and KISS1R in the endometrium can lead to pathological conditions such as endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma. Kisspeptin and KISS1R in the endometrium can also promote endometrial receptivity and decidualization. Overall, kisspeptin and KISS1R are important for maintaining the normal physiological functions of the endometrium. By summarizing the roles of kisspeptin and KISS1R in the endometrium, our review explores the regulatory roles in the peripheral reproductive system of this peptide family that plays broad and profound roles in many physiological processes.
Binding and Avidity Signatures of Polyclonal Sera From Individuals With Different Exposure Histories to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, Vaccination, and Omicron Breakthrough Infections
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Abbad Anass , Tcheou Johnstone , Mendu Demodara Rao , Firpo-Betancourt Adolfo , Gleason Charles , Srivastava Komal , Cordon-Cardo Carlos , Simon Viviana , Krammer Florian , Carreño Juan Manuel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The number of exposures to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to vaccine antigens affect the magnitude and avidity of the polyclonal response.

Methods
We studied binding and avidity of different antibody isotypes to the spike, the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the nucleoprotein (NP) of wild-type (WT) and BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent, mRNA vaccinated and/or boosted, hybrid immune individuals and in individuals with breakthrough cases during the peak of the BA.1 wave.

Results
We found an increase in spike-binding antibodies and antibody avidity with increasing number of exposures to infection and/or vaccination. NP antibodies were detectible in convalescent individuals and a proportion of breakthrough cases, but they displayed low avidity. Omicron breakthrough infections elicited high levels of cross-reactive antibodies between WT and BA.1 antigens in vaccinated individuals without prior infection directed against the spike and RBD. The magnitude of the antibody response and avidity correlated with neutralizing activity against WT virus.

Conclusions
The magnitude and quality of the antibody response increased with the number of antigenic exposures, including breakthrough infections. However, cross-reactivity of the antibody response after BA.1 breakthroughs, was affected by the number of prior exposures.
Accelerated T-Cell Immunosenescence in Cytomegalovirus-Seropositive Individuals After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Álvarez-Heredia Pablo , Reina-Alfonso Irene , Domínguez-del-Castillo Jose Joaquín , Gutiérrez-González Carmen , Hassouneh Fakhri , Batista-Duharte Alexander , Pérez Ana-Belén , Tarazona Raquel , Solana Rafael , Pera Alejandra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major driver of accelerated immunosenescence related to CD28null T cell expansion. CMV infection and these proatherogenic T cells have been independently associated with cardiovascular disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. We investigated the potential contribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to immunosenescence and its relationship with CMV. Innate and adaptive immune subpopulations from individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (mCOVID-19) and healthy donors were immunophenotyped. A significant increase in CD28nullCD57+CX3CR1+ T cell percentages (CD4+ [P ≤ .01], CD8+ [P ≤ .01], and TcRγδ (CD4−CD8−) [P ≤ .001]) was found in unnvaccinated CMV-seropositive mCOVID-19 individuals stable up to 12 months after infection. This expansion did not occur in CMV-seronegative mCOVID-19 individuals or in CMV-seropositive individuals infected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. There were no significant differences between mCOVID-19 and aortic stenosis groups. Thus, individuals coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and CMV have accelerated T cell senescence, which might lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Contribution of efflux and mutations in fluoroquinolone susceptibility in MDR enterobacterial isolates: a quantitative and molecular study
Authors: Ferrand Aurélie , Vergalli Julia , Bosi Claude , Pantel Alix , Pagès Jean-Marie , Davin-Regli Anne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The emergence of MDR strains is a public health problem in the management of associated infections. Several resistance mechanisms are present, and antibiotic efflux is often found at the same time as enzyme resistance and/or target mutations. However, in the laboratory routinely, only the latter two are identified and the prevalence of antibiotic expulsion is underestimated, causing a misinterpretation of the bacterial resistance phenotype. The development of a diagnostic system to quantify the efflux routinely would thus improve the management of patients.

Methods
A quantitative technique based on detection of clinically used fluoroquinolones was investigated in Enterobacteriaceae clinical strains with a high or basal efflux activity. The detail of efflux involvement was studied from MIC determination and antibiotic accumulation inside bacteria. WGS was carried out on selected strains to determine the genetic background associated with efflux expression.

Results
Only 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate exhibited a lack of efflux whereas 13 isolates had a basal efflux and 8 presented efflux pump overexpression. The antibiotic accumulation evidenced the efficacy of the efflux mechanism in strains, and the contribution of dynamic expulsion versus target mutations in fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

Conclusions
We confirmed that phenylalanine arginine β-naphthylamide is not a reliable marker of efflux due to the affinity of the AcrB efflux pump for different substrates. We have developed an accumulation test that can be used efficiently on clinical isolates collected by the biological laboratory. The experimental conditions and protocols ensure a robust assay that with improvements in practice, expertise and equipment could be transferred to the hospital laboratory to diagnose the contribution of efflux in Gram-negative bacteria.
Emigration and External Imbalances in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do Migrants' Skills Matter?
Authors: Coulibaly Dramane , Gnimassoun Blaise 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The external deficits in SSA countries are a major concern and may be connected to emigration from these countries to advanced economies. According to the life cycle theory, by decreasing labour force, emigration induces a fall in savings and a deterioration in the external balance in the countries of origin. Migrants' remittances may dampen or even counterbalance this effect, depending on migrants' skills that matter for their propensity to remit. Empirical investigation for SSA countries over the period 1990–2014 shows that low-skilled emigration improves the current account balance, whereas high-skilled emigration worsens it because highly skilled emigrants have higher saving potential but tend to remit less than low-skilled ones. Therefore, incentives for the financing of home economies by skilled migrants would be beneficial.
Empowering patients to address diabetes care gaps: formative usability testing of a novel patient portal intervention
Authors: Nelson Lyndsay A , Reale Carrie , Anders Shilo , Beebe Russ , Rosenbloom S Trent , Hackstadt Amber , Harper Kryseana J , Mayberry Lindsay S , Cobb Jared G , Peterson Neeraja , Elasy Tom , Yu Zhihong , Martinez William 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to design and assess the formative usability of a novel patient portal intervention designed to empower patients with diabetes to initiate orders for diabetes-related monitoring and preventive services.

Materials and Methods
We used a user-centered Design Sprint methodology to create our intervention prototype and assess its usability with 3 rounds of iterative testing. Participants (5/round) were presented with the prototype and asked to perform common, standardized tasks using think-aloud procedures. A facilitator rated task performance using a scale: (1) completed with ease, (2) completed with difficulty, and (3) failed. Participants completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) scored 0—worst to 100—best. All testing occurred remotely via Zoom.

Results
We identified 3 main categories of usability issues: distrust about the automated system, content concerns, and layout difficulties. Changes included improving clarity about the ordering process and simplifying language; however, design constraints inherent to the electronic health record system limited our ability to respond to all usability issues (eg, could not modify fixed elements in layout). Percent of tasks completed with ease across each round were 67%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. Average SUS scores were 87, 74, and 93, respectively. Across rounds, participants found the intervention valuable and appreciated the concept of patient-initiated ordering.

Conclusions
Through iterative user-centered design and testing, we improved the usability of the patient portal intervention. A tool that empowers patients to initiate orders for disease-specific services as part of their existing patient portal account has potential to enhance the completion of recommended health services and improve clinical outcomes.
Depletion of chop suppresses procedural apoptosis and enhances innate immunity in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus under ammonia nitrogen stress
Authors: Lv Meiqi , Zhang Yunbang , Yang Lijuan , Cao Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen is highly toxic to fish, and it can easily cause fish poisoning or even high mortality. So far, many studies have been conducted on the damages to fish under ammonia nitrogen stress. However, there are few studies of ammonia tolerance improvement in fish. In this study, the effects of ammonia nitrogen exposure on apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and immune cells in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated. Loaches (60 d post fertilization) were exposed to different concentrations of NH4Cl, and their survival rates were examined every 6 h. The results showed that high-concentration and long-time NH4Cl exposure (20 mM + 18 h; 15 mM + 36 h) induced apoptosis and gill tissue damages, finally causing a decline in survival. chop plays an important role in ER stress-induced apoptosis, and thus we constructed a model of chop-depleted loach by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate its response to ammonia nitrogen stress. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen stress down-regulated the expressions of apoptosis-related genes in chop+/− loach gills, while wildtype (WT) exhibited an opposite gene expression regulation pattern, suggesting that the depletion of chop suppressed apoptosis level. In addition, chop+/− loach showed a larger number of immunity-related cells and higher survival rate than WT under the NH4Cl exposure, indicating that the inhibition of chop function strengthened the innate immune barrier in general, thus increasing survival. Our findings provide the theoretical basis for developing high ammonia nitrogen-tolerant germplasm with aquaculture potential.
Sorghum tannin extract impedes in vitro digestibility and fermentability of nutrients in the simulated porcine gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Pan Long , Feng Shaoxuan , Li Wang , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The site and extent of digestion of sorghum nutrients affected by tannins in the intestine are not clarified. Porcine small intestine digestion and large intestine fermentation were simulated in vitro to determine the effects of sorghum tannin extract on the digestion and fermentation characteristics of nutrients in the mimicked porcine gastrointestinal tract. In experiment 1, low-tannin sorghum grain without or with 30 mg/g sorghum tannin extract were digested by porcine pepsin and pancreatin to measure in vitro digestibility of nutrients. In experiment 2, the lyophilized porcine ileal digesta from 3 barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 27.75 ± 1.46 kg) fed the low-tannin sorghum grain without or with 30 mg/g sorghum tannin extract and the undigested residues from experiment 1 were, individually, incubated with fresh pig cecal digesta as inoculums for 48 h to simulate the porcine hindgut fermentation. The results revealed that sorghum tannin extract decreased in vitro digestibility of nutrients both by pepsin hydrolysis or pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (P &lt; 0.05). Although enzymatically unhydrolyzed residues provided more energy (P = 0.09) and nitrogen (P &lt; 0.05) as fermentation substrates, the microbial degradation of nutrients from unhydrolyzed residues and porcine ileal digesta were both decreased by sorghum tannin extract (P &lt; 0.05). Regardless of unhydrolyzed residues or ileal digesta as fermentation substrates, microbial metabolites including the accumulative gas production excluding the first 6 h, total short-chain fatty acid and microbial protein content in the fermented solutions were decreased (P &lt; 0.05). The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae AC2044 and NK4A136 and Ruminococcus_1 was decreased by sorghum tannin extract (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, sorghum tannin extract not only directly decreased the chemical enzymatic digestion of nutrients in the simulated anterior intestine, but also directly inhibited the microbial fermentation including microbial diversities and metabolites in the simulated posterior intestine of pigs. The experiment implies that the decreased abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae by tannins in the hindgut may weaken the fermentation capacity of microflora and thus impair the nutrient digestion in the hindgut, and ultimately reduce the total tract digestibility of nutrients in pigs fed high tannin sorghum.
Glutamine alleviated heat stress-induced damage of porcine intestinal epithelium associated with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway mediated by heat shock protein 70
Authors: Zhang Bolin , Sun Huilei , Sun Zewei , Liu Ning , Liu Rujie , Zhong Qingzhen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) addition on the damage of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) induced by heat stress (HS). IPEC-J2 cultured in logarithmic growth period in vitro were firstly exposed to 42 °C for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h for cell viability and cultured with 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 mmol Gln per L of culture media for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression to determine the optimal disposal strategy (HS, 42 °C for 12 h and HSP70 expression, 6 mmol/L Gln treatment for 24 h). Then IPEC-J2 cells were divided into three groups: control group (Con, cultured at 37 °C), HS group (HS, cultured at 42 °C for 12 h), and glutamine group (Gln+HS, cultured at 42 °C for 12 h combined with 6 mmol/L Gln treatment for 24 h). The results showed that HS treatment for 12 h significantly decreased the cell viability of IPEC-J2 (P &lt; 0.05) and 6 mmol/L Gln treatment for 12 h increased HSP70 expression (P &lt; 0.05). HS treatment increased the permeability of IPEC-J2, evidenced by the increased fluorescent yellow flux rates (P &lt; 0.05) and the decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the downregulated protein expression of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 was observed in HS group (P &lt; 0.05), but Gln addition alleviated the negative effects on permeability and the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier induced by HS (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, HS resulted in the elevations in HSP70 expression, cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic cytochrome c potential expression, and the protein expressions of apoptosis-related factors (apoptotic protease-activating factor-1, cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3, and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9) (P &lt; 0.05); however, the reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential expression and B-cell lymphoma-2 expression were induced by HS (P &lt; 0.05). But Gln treatment attenuated HS-induced adverse effects mentioned above (P &lt; 0.05). Taken together, Gln treatment exhibited protective effects in protecting IPEC-J2 from cell apoptosis and the damaged integrity of epithelial mucosal barrier induced by HS, which may be associated with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway mediated by HSP70.