bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaping among young adults in Singapore: a qualitative study of motivations, challenges and antivaping intervention perceptions
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal Saifuddin , Lim Raymond Boon Tar 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe increasing use of electronic cigarettes among young adults in Southeast Asia is concerning. This study explores the motivations and challenges faced by young adults in quitting vaping and their perceptions of current public health messages and interventions in Singapore, which has stringent antivaping laws and active public health campaigns.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted involving in-depth interviews with 15 participants aged 18–35. Thematic analysis was performed by two independent researchers trained in qualitative methods.ResultsParticipants identified negative health outcomes and legal risks as major motivations for quitting vaping. Challenges included nicotine addiction, psychological dependency and entrenched vaping routines. The study revealed general scepticism towards current antivaping messages, which were seen as too generic and lacking credibility. Participants recommended that public health messages be more specific, transparent and engaging, incorporating independent research and visual aids to highlight vaping risks. They also suggested regulating e-cigarette sales instead of implementing blanket bans, ensuring anonymity for those seeking help and providing comprehensive nicotine cessation support. Additionally, the use of real-life testimonials and influencers was proposed to improve message relatability and effectiveness.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the motivations and barriers of quitting vaping among young adults. Enhancing the transparency and specificity of antivaping messages, along with more tailored and supportive interventions, could increase their effectiveness and offer guidance for other Southeast Asian countries facing similar issues.
Loop quantum effects on direct detection prediction in two-scalar dark matter scenario
Authors: Ghorbani Karim , Ghorbani Parsa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the effect of quantum corrections on the elastic scattering cross section of dark matter off nucleus in two-scalar dark matter model. Among two extra singlet scalars in the two-scalar model, the lighter one is stable and plays the role of dark matter candidate and the heavier one contributes in dark matter co-annihilation processes in thermal history of the early universe. It is already known that the two-scalar model at tree level, unlike the single-scalar dark matter model, can easily evade the bounds from direct detection (DD) experiments. The claim here is that taking into account the loop effects, in some regions of the parameter space, the DM-nucleon cross section becomes larger than the tree level contribution. Therefore, loop effects move the regions which were below the neutrino floor at tree level, up to the regions which are detectable by future DD experiments.
Shadows and accretion disk images of charged rotating black hole in modified gravity theory
Authors: Zheng He-Bin , Wu Meng-Qi , Li Guo-Ping , Jiang Qing-Quan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we study the shadows and images of the accretion disk of Kerr–Newman (KN) black hole (BH) in modified gravity (MOG) theory by using the backward ray-tracing method. And, the influence of spin parameter (a), charge (Q), and MOG parameter (

$$\alpha $$

α

) on the observed features of BHs are carefully addressed. Interestingly, as

$$\alpha $$

α

increases, the flat edge of the BH’s shadow gradually becomes more rounded, the size of shadow enlarges, and the deviation rate (

$$\delta s$$

δ
s

) correspondingly decreases. By tracing the photon around BH, we observe that the trajectory of photon exhibits distortion behavior, i.e., the formation of two “tails” near the Einstein ring, which elongate as a increases. For the accretion disk, it shows that the inner shadow expands with

$$\alpha $$

α

, while decreases with Q. The increase of

$$\alpha $$

α

exhibits an increasing effect on redshift. At the same parameter level,

$$\alpha $$

α

has a more obvious effect on inner shadow and image of BH by comparing with that of Q. Our study implies that both

$$\alpha $$

α

and Q have relatively significant effects on the image of the KN-MOG BH with the thin disk accretion, but the influence of

$$\alpha $$

α

is much greater. So, this indicates that

$$\alpha $$

α

plays a dominant role in this spacetime.
New models of quintessential inflation featuring plateau and hilltop potentials
Authors: Mishra Swagat S. , Sahni Varun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce a new class of hilltop and plateau potentials which can successfully unify inflation and dark energy resulting in quintessential inflation (QI). Interestingly these new potentials are related through an inverse transformation. Namely, if

$$V(\phi ) = V_0 \, v(\phi )$$

V

(
ϕ
)

=

V
0

v

(
ϕ
)

is a plateau potential then the inverse potential

$$V(\phi ) = V_0 \left[ v(\phi )\right] ^{-1}$$

V

(
ϕ
)

=

V
0

v
(
ϕ
)

-
1

describes hilltop QI. A simple example is provided by the KKLT-inspired potential

$$v(\phi ) = \left[\frac{M^{2n} + \phi ^{2n}}{N^{2n} + \phi ^{2n}}\right]\,$$

v

(
ϕ
)

=

M

2
n

+

ϕ

2
n

N

2
n

+

ϕ

2
n

. When

$$M/N \ll 1$$

M
/
N
≪
1

this potential describes plateau QI, while its inverse,

$$\left[ v(\phi )\right] ^{-1}$$

v
(
ϕ
)

-
1

describes hilltop QI. Other simple models of QI arise for the class of potentials

$$V(\phi ) \sim \exp \left[\mp f(\phi )\right]$$

V

(
ϕ
)

∼
exp

∓
f
(
ϕ
)

, where the − (

$$+$$

+

) sign is associated with a plateau (hilltop). A key feature of this new class of QI models is the near absence of small dimensionless parameters, or small mass parameters (relative to the energy scale of the Standard Model of particle physics) – which are usually associated with the presence of dark energy. A forecast for the gravitational wave background generated in these models is provided.
The Role of Instagram in the Performativity of Post-digital Authorship in the Comic, Zine, and Art Publishing Community
Authors: Preston Louisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Insights have been developed into social media influencers and marketing strategies which aid book discovery and sales. However, less is known about the distinctions in the use of social media platforms in the comic, zine, and art publishing sectors. Focusing on the author’s use of Instagram in her artist-publisher-researcher practice, this article analyses the role of the platform and conceptualizes its use in the performativity of post-digital authorship. The article introduces the concept of post-digital authorship, in which a process-based performance of content aims to build identity, participation, and recognition connected to live and virtual events and digital and print formats of micropublishing. The contribution of this paper is the relative un-performance of the author on Instagram, amidst the micropublishing strategies in the community of comic, zine, and art publishing, in comparison with authors in other sectors of the publishing industry.
The Contribution of Translingual Writers to the Diversity of British and American Children’s Book Markets
Authors: Orel Brigita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thousands of new children’s titles are published in the UK and the US each year, yet only between two and three per cent of those books are translations from other languages. However, it is vital for children in today’s multicultural societies to see cultural and linguistic diversity represented in books. Any translation of a foreign text is advantageous in this respect, but there is a segment of texts that may offer an even more unadulterated representation of non-UK and non-US cultures. These are texts by authors who write in English although that is not their primary language. These authors often introduce ‘foreign’ cultural concepts in their works published in the UK and the US. With the help of content analysis, I examine the text, illustrations, and peritext of 30 books by translingual writers to assess their contribution to children’s literature in terms of its diversity and inclusivity.
Two Highly Unexpected Emails and a Tap on the Shoulder
Authors: Aspaas Per Pippin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Open access is one of the most heated topics in the world of scholarly publishing. Humanities scholars sometimes critique electronic publishing – and Creative Commons licences in particular – as a threat to the publication format that they cherish the most, viz. the monograph. This article argues otherwise. Based on personal experience, its author argues that open sharing of monograph-size theses and dissertations in repositories facilitates uptake by serious academic book publishers. Moreover, publishing an open access monograph with a Creative Commons licence paves the way for translations into other languages at no cost whatsoever. Humanities scholars should embrace open access instead of seeing it as a threat and explore new possibilities offered by the emerging diamond open access model.
Self-medication pattern among medical students in Middle Delta, Egypt
Authors: Hassan Nadira Mansour , Koabar Shimaa Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Self- medication leading to wastage of limited resources in developing countries, prolonged suffering, increase resistance to drugs and may result in significant medical complications such as adverse drug responses and dependence. Self-medication is extensively used by health professionals. Undergraduate medical students as being the future physicians representing a main pillar in health care system thus have special significance. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-medication and identify its pattern among medical students in Tanta university, Egypt.

Methods
A four-month cross-sectional study was carried out among Egyptian undergraduate medical students at Tanta University, from first to final year. (November 2023 – February 2024). The students were chosen using a two-stage cluster sampling method, and data on sociodemographic and self-medication patterns were collected using a predesigned semi-structured self-administered questionnaire.

Results
The prevalence of self-medication was 71%. The key determinants of self-medication was students’ medical knowledge from self- experience and studies (55.9%). Headache was a common complaint for self-medication (80.4%). Majority of them (88.3%) use pharmaceutical products where analgesics lies on top (92.4%). The degree of popularity of the medicine was the primary reason for drug selection (52.5%) and recommendation of the pharmacist was the main determinate of selecting type of drug (43.6%). However, 30.2% experienced side effects, of which 50% went to private physician and 33.5% stopped taking their medications. Half of the students took antibiotics for self-medication.

Conclusions
Self-medication is a common practice among medical students. where headache was the common symptom and the most commonly utilized medications for self-medication were analgesics. There is a need to augment the value of diagnosis, awareness and seriousness of this practice.
Do individuals with inflammatory arthritis receive minimally adequate treatment for incident depression and anxiety: A population-based study
Authors: Howren Alyssa , Sayre Eric C. , Avina-Zubieta J. Antonio , Puyat Joseph H. , Da Costa Deborah , Xie Hui , Davidson Eileen , Gupta Amit , De Vera Mary A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Describe patterns of pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment and evaluate receipt of minimally adequate treatment for incident depression and anxiety in individuals with inflammatory arthritis (IA).

Methods
We used population-based linked administrative health databases from British Columbia, Canada to evaluate pharmacotherapy and psychological treatments for incident depression and/or anxiety among individuals with IA and without IA (‘IA-free controls’). We defined minimally adequate pharmacotherapy as antidepressant prescriptions filled with ≥ 84 days’ supply and adequate psychological treatment as ≥ 4 counselling/psychotherapy services. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds of individuals with IA receiving minimally adequate pharmacotherapy and/or psychological treatment compared to IA-free controls.

Results
6,951 (mean age 54.8 ± 18.3 years; 65.5% female) individuals with IA had incident depression and 3,701 (mean age 52.9 ± 16.8 years; 74.3% female) had incident anxiety. Minimally adequate pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment for depression was respectively observed in 50.5% and 19.6% of those with IA, proportions similar to IA-free controls (pharmacotherapy: aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.21; psychological: aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.21). Results were similar regarding anxiety treatment. Individuals with IA had a significantly greater likelihood of dispensing ≥ 1 benzodiazepine (anxiety: IA 45.0%, IA-free controls 39.0%, p-value < 0.001) and ≥ 1 tricyclic antidepressant prescription (anxiety: IA 12.8%, IA-free controls 7.8%, p-value < 0.001). Significantly higher average days’ supply of benzodiazepines was observed for IA (anxiety: IA 123.7 days, controls 112.4 days, p-value = 0.003).

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of individuals with IA were not receiving adequate mental health treatment for depression and anxiety, a finding similar for IA-free controls. The undertreatment of mental disorders for people with IA has well-known negative implications for the provision of effective rheumatology care. It remains fundamental to expand publicly funded health care to include mental health services in an effort to address unmet counselling needs.
A framework for flow time measured by Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Kenny Jon-Emile S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The duration of mechanical systole—also termed the flow time (FT) or left ventricular ejection time (LVET)—is measured by Doppler ultrasound and increasingly used as a stroke volume (SV) surrogate to guide patient care. Nevertheless, confusion exists as to the determinants of FT and a critical evaluation of this measure is needed. Using Doppler ultrasound of the left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT VTI) as well as strain and strain rate echocardiography as grounding principles, this brief commentary offers a model for the independent influences of FT. This framework establishes that systolic duration is directly proportional to the distance traversed by a single cardiac myocyte and indirectly proportional to its shortening velocity. Grossly, this translates to a direct relationship between FT and the LVOT VTI (i.e., SV) and an indirect relationship with mean ejection velocity. Thus, changes in the systolic time can infer SV change, so long as other cardiac parameters are considered.
PRV-1b and PRV-3a infection is associated with the same clinical disease in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) farmed in Chile: unraveling the pathogenesis of the orthoreoviral cardiomyopathy and hemolytic jaundice (OCHJ)
Authors: Rozas-Serri Marco , Ildefonso Ricardo , Peña Andrea , Jaramillo Victoria , Correa Rodolfo , Barrientos Soraya , Muñoz Ariel , Maldonado Lucerina , Peñaloza Estefanía 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a virus that is widely distributed among global aquaculture populations of salmonid species. The coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) is a species of increasing productive and economic importance in Chile. The presence of PRV has generated concern about its impact on the health and welfare of this species. The objective of this study was to comparatively describe the clinical manifestations, pathological changes, and pathogenesis associated with PRV infection in two different farms of farmed coho salmon in Chile through a prospective longitudinal descriptive observational study. The results demonstrated that PRV-1b and PRV-3a are independently associated with the same clinical and pathological presentation in farmed coho salmon. Microscopic pathology of the disease associated with PRV-1b and PRV-3a was primarily characterized by degenerative and inflammatory findings in the heart and liver. Hematological and blood biochemistry biomarkers in fish exhibited alterations, manifesting as hemolytic anemia and prehepatic jaundice likely due to indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Pathogenesis of infection associated with both PRV-1b and PRV-3a would indicate a specific tropism for erythrocytes and cardiomyocytes of the spongy myocardium. It is noteworthy that despite a notable reduction in viral load of both PRV subgroups in tissues, the frequency of macroscopic lesions increased during the final phase of the study. In conclusion, the results indicate a strong correlation between infection by both PRV subgroups and the proposed orthoreoviral cardiomyopathy and hemolytic jaundice (OCHJ) disease. Further research on the pathogenesis and surveillance of PRV-1b and PRV-3a subgroups is pivotal to develop effective strategies for the control of OCHJ in farmed coho salmon.
Factors influencing virtual lab adoption in marginalized rural schools: insights from South Africa
Authors: Shambare Brian , Jita Thuthukile 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Teaching in rural schools is frequently marked by challenges ranging from restricted technological infrastructure and geographical remoteness to sparse professional development. Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this paper reports findings from a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study that investigated Virtual Lab (VL) adoption in rural South African schools. Data collected through a questionnaire (N = 186) and semi-structured interviews (N = 4) involving life sciences teachers were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The study revealed surprising trends in VL adoption, indicating that family and friends have a greater influence than colleages. Contrary to conventional wisdom on teacher motivation, this paper underscores learners’ enthusiasm as pivotal. Despite reservations regarding facilitating conditions, improved technology access challenges prior assumptions of scarcity in rural schools. Nevertheless, while challenges such as low competence and inadequate professional development persist, rural school teachers express readiness for adoption, signalling potential increased usage under favourable conditions.
Quantitative accuracy of preclinical in ovo PET/MRI: influence of attenuation and quantification methods
Authors: Balber Theresa , Benčurová Katarína , Mayrhofer Manuela , Friske Joachim , Haas Martin , Kuntner Claudia , Helbich Thomas H. , Hacker Marcus , Mitterhauser Markus , Rausch Ivo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim
The combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an innovation leap in the use of fertilized chicken eggs (in ovo model) in preclinical imaging as PET/MRI enables the investigation of the chick embryonal organ-specific distribution of PET-tracers. However, hybrid PET/MRI inheres technical challenges in quantitative in ovo PET such as attenuation correction (AC) for the object as well as for additional hardware parts present in the PET field-of-view, which potentially contribute to quantification biases in the PET images if not accounted for. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the different sources of attenuation on in ovo PET/MRI and assess the accuracy of MR-based AC for in ovo experiments.

Method
An in-house made chicken egg phantom was used to investigate the magnitude of self-attenuation and the influence of the MRI hardware on the PET signal. The phantom was placed in a preclinical PET/MRI system and PET acquisitions were performed without, and after subsequently adding the different hardware parts to the setup. Reconstructions were performed without any AC for the different setups and with subsequently incorporating the hardware parts into the AC. In addition, in ovo imaging was performed using [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor, and PET data was reconstructed with the different AC combinations. Quantitative accuracy was assessed for the phantom and the in ovo measurements.

Results
In general, not accounting for the self-attenuation of the egg and the hardware parts caused an underestimation of the PET signal of around 49% within the egg. Accounting for all sources of attenuation allowed a proper quantification with global offsets of 2% from the true activity. Quantification based on % injected dose per cc (%ID/cc) was similar for the in ovo measurements, regardless of whether hardware parts were included in AC or not, when the injected activity was extracted from the PET images. However, substantial quantification biases were found when the self-attenuation of the egg was not taken into account.

Conclusion
Self-attenuation of the egg and PET signal attenuation within the hardware parts of the MRI substantially influence quantitative accuracy in in ovo measurements. However, when compensating for the self-attenuation of the egg by a respective AC, a reliable quantification using %ID/cc can be performed even if not accounting for the attenuation of the hardware parts.
Mental Health Issues Associated With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Sandberg David E , Gardner Melissa , Lapham Zoe K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
The goal of this review is to move beyond summarizing what is known about psychosexual development in females with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency—commonly studied as a natural experiment to understand prenatal androgen effects in 46,XX individuals. Instead, it will explore the various aspects of the condition that significantly impact the daily lives of both male and female patients and their families, with a particular focus on the implications for psychosocial, educational, and vocational adaptation.

Evidence Acquisition
This work represents a selective, yet balanced review of papers highlighting potential threats to positive psychological adaptation in both male and female individuals with CAH.

Evidence Synthesis
This review outlines the effects of both cross-cutting risks (such as challenges related to parenting and healthcare management) and CAH-specific risks (including growth and appearance changes, psychiatric and neurocognitive issues, reduced reproductive function and interest in parenting, and masculinization in girls and women) on psychosocial adaptation. Opportunities for optimizing psychological outcomes of those with CAH are presented.

Conclusion
Routine psychosocial screening of patient and family risk and resilience factors is recommended to identify areas of concern applicable to individual patients and families. Such screening should include assessment of both cross-cutting and condition-specific factors. This, in turn, provides a pathway forward for providing quality team-based patient-centered care.