bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tear fluid and complement activation products in tears after ocular surgery
Authors: Maehara Hiroki , Norikawa Koki , Tanaka Keiichiro , Kato Yutaka , Kasai Akihito , Omori Tomoko , Machida Takeshi , Sekine Hideharu , Sekiryu Tetsuju 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Due to technological advancements, surgical invasiveness has been reduced. However, cataract surgery has been implicated in causing postoperative inflammation, including dry eye syndrome. The innate immune system may be involved in postoperative inflammation, and complement activation could potentially play a crucial role in defense against pathogens, homeostasis, and wound healing. To investigate changes in the tear film complement activation products (CAPs) and ocular surface after vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery.

Methods
Forty-three patients (23 women; median age, 69 years) were enrolled in this prospective study and underwent phacoemulsification and vitrectomy. We measured Schirmer's test (ST) and CAPs in the tears at baseline (the day before surgery), 4 days and 1 month after the surgery. Tears were collected in microtubes. The CAPs in the tear fluid were analyzed by cytometric bead array.

Results
The median ST (8.5 mm) at baseline increased to 16 mm at 4 days ( P < 0.001) and 10 mm at 1 month (P = 0.44). The C3a levels (1202 pg/ml) at baseline increased to 2753 pg/ml at 4 days (P < 0.001), and 1763 pg/ml at 1 month (P = 0.049). The C4a levels (476 pg/ml) at baseline increased to 880 pg/ml at 4 days (P < 0.001), and 657 pg/ml at 1 month (P = 0.013). The C5a levels (22.6 pg/ml) at baseline increased to 470.9 pg/ml at 4 days (P < 0.001), and 38.3 pg/ml at 1 month (P = 0.0048). The surgical eyes were divided into the short ST group (≦ 10 mm, n = 22) and long ST group (> 10 mm, n = 21) based on the preoperative ST values. At 1 month postoperatively, the C3a levels were 2194 pg/ml in the preoperative short ST group and 1391 pg/ml in the long ST group, with significantly higher C3a concentrations in the short ST group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The CAPs levels in tears increased after vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery. A preoperative deficit in tear secretion might induce prolonged complement activation and delayed recovery of ocular surface parameters postoperatively.
Suitability of visual cues for freezing of gait in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: a case–control pilot study
Authors: An Eui Jin , Sim Woo-Sob , Kim Seung Min , Kim Jun Yup 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Freezing of gait (FOG) is one of the most debilitating symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). Visual cues can relieve FOG symptoms. However, there is no consensus on patient characteristics that can benefit from visual cues. Therefore, we examined the differences in IPD patient characteristics according to the effectiveness of visual cueing.

Methods
Through gait experiments, we investigated the number of FOG occurrences, average FOG period per episode, proportion of FOG duration in the total gait cycles, and FOG-free period gait spatiotemporal parameters in ten participants diagnosed with FOG due to IPD. Subsequently, the differences between their clinical characteristics and striatal dopamine active transporter availability from six subregions of the striatum were compared by dividing them into two groups based on the three reduction rates: occurrence numbers, mean durations per episode, and proportion of FOG duration in the total gait cycles improved by visual cueing using laser shoes. The relationships among these three reduction rates and other FOG-related parameters were also investigated using Spearman correlation analyses.

Results
According to the three FOG-related reduction rates, the group assignments were the same, which was also related to the baseline self-reported FOG severity score (New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire): the more severe the FOG, the poorer the response to the visual cueing. By visual cueing, the better response group demonstrated the characteristics of lower new FOG questionnaire total scores, higher dopamine active transporter availability of the anterior and posterior putamen, and shorter mean duration of FOG per episode in the absence of cueing. These results were replicated using Spearman correlation analyses.

Conclusions
For FOG symptoms following IPD, gait assistance by visual cueing may be more effective when the total NFOGQ score is lower and the DAT of putamen is higher. Through this study, we demonstrated clinical and striatal dopaminergic conditions to select patients who may be more likely to benefit from visual cueing with laser shoes, and these findings lead to the need for early diagnosis of FOG in patients with IPD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05080413. Registered on September 14, 2021.
Electroacupuncture improves gout arthritis pain via attenuating ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome overactivation
Authors: Wei Huina , Liu Boyu , Yin Chengyu , Zeng Danyi , Nie Huimin , Li Yuanyuan , Tai Yan , He Xiaofen , Liu Boyi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Gout results from disturbed uric acid metabolism, which causes urate crystal deposition in joints and surrounding tissues. Gout pain management is largely limited to colchicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Constant usage of these medications leads to severe side effects. We previously showed electroacupuncture (EA) is effective for relieving pain in animal model of gout arthritis. Here we continued to study the mechanisms underlying how EA alleviates gout pain.

Methods
Monosodium urate was injected into ankle joint to establish gout arthritis model in mice. EA or sham EA was applied at ST36 and BL60 acupoints of model animals. Biochemical assays, immunostaining, live cell Ca2+ imaging and behavioral assays were applied.

Results
Model mice displayed obvious mechanical allodynia, accompanied with gait impairments. EA attenuated mechanical hypersensitivities and improved gait impairments. EA reduced the overexpression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling molecules in ankle joints of model animals. EA-induced anti-allodynia, as well as inhibition on NLRP3 inflammasome, were mimicked by antagonizing but abolished by activating NLRP3 inflammasome via pharmacological methods. EA attenuated oxidative stress, an upstream signaling of NLRP3 inflammasome in ankle joints of model mice. Exogenously increasing oxidative stress abolished EA’s inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome and further reversed EA’s anti-allodynic effect. EA reduced neutrophil infiltrations in ankle joint synovium, a major mechanism contributing to oxidative stress in gout. Pharmacological blocking NLRP3 inflammasome or EA reduced TRPV1 channel overexpression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Ca2+ imaging confirmed that EA could reduce functional enhancement in TRPV1 channel in DRG neurons during gout.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that EA reduces gout pain possibly through suppressing ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in inflamed ankle joints and TRPV1 upregulation in sensory neurons, supporting EA as a treatment option for gout pain.
Antihyperalgesic effect of joint mobilization requires Cav3.2 calcium channels
Authors: Martins Daniel F. , Sorrentino Victor , Mazzardo-Martins Leidiane , Reed William R. , Santos Adair R. S. , Gadotti Vinícius M. , Zamponi Gerald W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to explore the relative contributions of Cav3.2 T-type channels to mediating the antihyperalgesic activity of joint manipulation (JM) therapy. We used the chronic constriction injury model (CCI) to induce peripheral neuropathy and chronic pain in male mice, followed by JM. We demonstrate that JM produces long-lasting mechanical anti-hyperalgesia that is abolished in Cav3.2 null mice. Moreover, we found that JM displays a similar analgesic profile as the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597, suggesting a possible converging mechanism of action involving endocannabinoids. Overall, our findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms through which JM produces analgesia.
BCSR: toward arbitrarily oriented text image super-resolution via adaptive Bezier curve network
Authors: Shi Mingzhu , Tan Muxian , Kong Siqi , Zao Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough existing super-resolution networks based on deep learning have obtained good results, it is still challenging to achieve an ideal visual effect for irregular texts, especially spatially deformed ones. In this paper, we propose a robust Bezier Curve-based image super-resolution network (BCSR), which can efficiently handle the degradation caused by deformations. Firstly, the arbitrarily shaped text is adaptively fitted by a parameterized Bezier curve, aiming to convert a curved text box into an annotated text box. Then, we design a BezierAlign layer to calibrate between the extracted features and the input image. By importing the extracted text prior information, the accuracy of the super-resolution network can be significantly improved. It is worth highlighting that we propose a kind of text prior loss that enables the text prior image and the super-resolution text image to achieve cooperation enhancement. Extensive experiments on several standard scene text datasets demonstrate that our proposed model achieves desirable objective evaluation results and further immensely helps downstream tasks related to text recognition, especially in text instances with multi-orientation and curved shapes.
Effectiveness of ethyl acetate extract from Aspergillus flavipes AUMC 11390 culture filtrate on biological and physiological performance of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana, (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae)
Authors: Abd El Azeem Eman M. , Ghareeb Eman M. , Hussien Rana H. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Spiny bollworm, Earias insulana is a serious cotton pest in Egypt. Besides the economic losses it caused, treatment with chemical insecticides has negative effects on human health and the environment, thus the development of a powerful safe control strategy rather than chemical pesticides is an international goal.

Results
Ethyl acetate extract from Aspergillus flavipes AUMC 11390 culture filtrate has an insecticidal activity against E. insulana causing larval and pupal mortality of 58.33, and 15.59%, respectively, compared with controls, in addition, reduction in adult's emergency and deformation of emerged adults. The impact of fungal extract treatment extended to adult stages by diminishing the male and the female longevity, the number of produced eggs and the hatchability percent. Furthermore, A. flavipes AUMC 11390 ethyl acetate extract caused a strong disturbance on some insect enzymes including amylase, invertase, trehalase, GOT, GPT and acetylcholinesterase, alongside total lipid and total protein. Analysis of ethyl acetate fungal extract revealed the presence of one hydrocarbon 3-Eicosene and four long-chain alcohols namely hexadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-octadecanol, and 1-pentadecanol which are known for their insecticidal activity.

Conclusion
A. flavipes AUMC 11390 culture filtrate might represent a promising source for different important bioactive compounds that could be used as a potential biocontrol agent involved in E. insulana management strategies.
The Migration of Lynch Victims' Families, 1880–1930
Authors: Gabriel Ryan , Haws Adrian , Bailey Amy Kate , Price Joseph 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We examine the relationship between the lynching of African Americans in the southern United States and subsequent county out-migration of the victims' surviving family members. Using U.S. census records and machine learning methods, we identify the place of residence for family members of Black individuals who were killed by lynch mobs between 1882 and 1929 in the U.S. South. Over the entire period, our analysis finds that lynch victims' family members experienced a 10-percentage-point increase in the probability of migrating to a different county by the next decennial census relative to their same-race neighbors. We also find that surviving family members had a 12-percentage-point increase in the probability of county out-migration compared with their neighbors when the household head was a lynch victim. The out-migration response of the families of lynch victims was most pronounced between 1910 and 1930, suggesting that lynch victims' family members may have been disproportionately represented in the first Great Migration.
International Law and Sustainable Development: Grounds for Cancellation of Africa Debts
Authors: Ikejiaku Brian-Vincent 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As of April 2020, the IMF categorised seven African countries as being in debt distress, whilst identifying twelve more that were at high risk of becoming distress. It is no longer a secret that considered immutable and eternally binding, debt by the global south (i.e., poor developing African countries) has become a tool for imperial powers in the post-colonial world to enforce and perpetuate their dominance over the global south. This is despite serious global crises that emerge from, and/or were caused by the rich countries of the global north; specifically, the negative effects of the global financial crisis of 2008, devastating impact of Covid-19 pandemic, and impact of Russia–Ukraine war on the African economies and contribution to these debt vulnerabilities. Yet, the rich countries of the global north have insisted on these poor countries to continue financing their debts. The paper considers how African countries could legally cancel the repayment of the debts by relying on the principles of international law (such as pacta sunt servanda, limit to legal obligation to pay, force majeure, State of Necessity or rebus sic stantibus) and States’ declarations to commitment to sustainable development agenda (such as the European Union’s response to the adoption of the 2030 Agenda featured in its Commission’s 2016 Communication) could be used as justifying grounds for cancellation of Africa debts. The paper draws on international law and development in the light of dependency and postcolonial theories and employs the human rights-based approach, interdisciplinary and critical-analytical perspective and using qualitative empirical evidence from rich countries and institutions of the global north and poor developing countries of the global south for analysis.
Vorurteilskriminalität vor Gericht – die Berücksichtigung von rassistischen, fremdenfeindlichen, antisemitischen oder sonstigen menschenverachtenden Zielen und Beweggründen gem. § 46 Abs. 2 S. 2 StGB im Rahmen der Strafzumessung
Authors: Coester Marc , Rothenburg Johanna 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Nach Gesetzesreformen 2015 und 2021 bestimmt § 46 Abs. 2 S. 2 des Strafgesetzbuchs (StGB) nun ausdrücklich, dass rassistische, fremdenfeindliche, antisemitische und sonstige menschenverachtende Ziele und Beweggründe bei der Strafzumessung strafschärfend zu berücksichtigen sind. Derzeit liegt außerdem ein neuer Gesetzesentwurf vor, der vorsieht, dass zusätzlich ›geschlechtsspezifische‹ sowie ›gegen die sexuelle Orientierung gerichtete‹ Ziele und Beweggründe aufgenommen werden. Trotz entsprechender Signale der Gesetzgebung, bleibt bis heute offen, ob das Vorgehen des Rechtsstaates bei dem Phänomen der Vorurteilskriminalität von der Erkennung bis zur rechtlichen Würdigung und Verurteilung als angemessen bezeichnet werden kann. Der Beitrag stellt den staatlichen Umgang mit Vorurteilskriminalität dar und fokussiert hierbei die bisherigen Erkenntnisse zur Anwendung des § 46 Abs. 2 S. 2 StGB. Dabei wird das Konzept der Vorurteilskriminalität sowie ihre Erfassung dargestellt, um dann die Rechtslage in Deutschland und den empirischen Forschungsstand zur Berücksichtigung von menschenverachtenden Zielen und Beweggründen in der Praxis zu erörtern. Zuletzt werden mögliche Forschungsperspektiven zur Überprüfung der Rechtsanwendungspraxis von menschenverachtenden Zielen und Beweggründen aufgezeigt.
STANDARD KUALITI SOLAT PEMANGKIN KECEMERLANGAN AKADEMIK: SATU KAJIAN DI KULLIAH AS-SULTAN ABU BAKAR, PEKAN, PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR
Authors: Hashim Ghuzni , Mohamad Hilmi Md Said  
Published: July 2023

Making prayer a catalyst for excellence in the academic field is one of the most important assets in the efforts of Muslim students to drive success. If every prayer that is established according to the specifications of the Prayer Quality Standard is seen to be able to have a positive impact on the students to enjoy excellent success in academics. In order to realize this theory, a study was conducted on excellent academic respondents at Kulliah Al-Lughah Waddin As-Sultan Abu Bakar Pahang, Pekan Pahang Darul Makmur. The study that was conducted focused more on the quality of the prayers that were established as well as the effect on the respondents' efforts to achieve excellence when the results of the Malaysian Higher Certificate of Religion examination were announced. Appreciation of prayer practices that meet the Prayer Quality Standard as outlined is one of the catalysts in influencing the respondents' learning style. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to uncover the secret of the respondents' success and to what extent the Prayer Quality Standard can influence the success that has been achieved.

Menjadikan solat sebagai pemangkin kecemerlangan dalam bidang akademik merupakan salah satu aset terpenting dalam usaha pelajar-pelajar muslim memacu kejayaan. Jika setiap solat yang didirikan mengikut spesifikasi Standard Kualiti Solat dilihat mampu memberi impak positif kepada pelajar-pelajar untuk menikmati kejayaan cemerlang dalam akademik. Bagi merealisasikan teori ini, satu kajian telah dijalankan kepada responden cemerlang akademik di Kulliah Al-Lughah Waddin As-Sultan Abu Bakar Pahang, Pekan Pahang Darul Makmur. Kajian yang dijalankan lebih tertumpu kepada kualiti solat yang didirikan serta kesannya kepada usaha-usaha responden untuk meraih kecemerlangan ketika keputusan peperiksaan Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia diumumkan. Penghayatan amalan solat yang memenuhi Standard Kualiti Solat sebagaimana yang telah digariskan menjadi salah satu pemangkin dalam mempengaruhi gaya pembelajaran responden. Justeru itu, tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mencungkil rahsia kejayaan responden serta sejauh manakah Standard Kualiti Solat dapat mempengaruhi kejayaan yang telah diraih.
ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN BELANJA NEGARA (APBN) PEMERINTAHAN ISLAM
Authors: Rahmawati Lilik 
Published: July 2023

The current domination of conventional economics makes Muslims are faced with historical expectations, as well as a considerable challenge, especially with regard to the economic system. The current world economic system, that is capitalism, has a basic principle of maximum benefit with limited resources. Efforts of capitalist are supported by the values of freedom to fulfill the needs. Humans have broad freedom to own property. This principle is incompatible with the principles of Islamic economics which recognizes the freedom of man on the values of tawhid, the right to own property on the basis of the benefit, prohibiting the accumulation of property, and equitable distribution of wealth.
Related to the fulfillment of human needs, then its mechanism in Islam is set within a country. Islamic countries are very significant role in ensuring the welfare and needs of its people. In order to ensure the welfare of the people, the state will perform a variety of budget-related policies are referred to the State Budget (Budget).
Budget policy in Islam is regulated through the institution called Baitul Mal. The basic concept for the allocation of Islamic government revenue is maslahah, because the ultimate goal of every Islamic government is to maximize the welfare of all citizens, ensure the fulfillment of basic needs of each individual as a whole, and encourage every individual to be able to meet his various secondary and luxurious needs according to his ability levels.
Therefore, the government is obliged to create a fair economic distribution mechanism. Permanent sources of income for an Islamic state are fai', ghanimah, kharaj, jizya', ushur, and khums. While charity (zakat) is a tool of auto social self-help that becomes a moral obligation for the rich to help the needy and neglected.
TANGGUNGJAWAB LEMBAGA EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM MENTRANSFORMASI MUSTAHIQ MENJADI MUZAKKI
Authors: H.R Muhammad Nafik 
Published: July 2023

Islam tidak memisahkan antara aqidah, ibadah dan muamalah, melainkan ketiganya merupakan satu kesatuan yang harus dijalankan secara kaffah. Muamalah merupakan ajaran Islam yang mengatur kehidupan sosial manusia termasuk aturan-aturan tentang perekonomian. Ibnu Khaldum dalam Chapra (2001:127) mengekspresikan hubungan fungsional dari otoritas pemerintah (G) adalah fungsi dari syariah (S), sumber daya insani (N), keadilan (j), pertumbuhan (g), dan kekayaan atau harta (W) atau G = f (S,N,W, g dan j). Hubungan fungsional variabel-variabel tersebut dapat digambarkan seperti Gambar 2.1. Model pada Gambar 2.1, tersebut menghubungkan semua variabel politik dan sosio ekonomi yang penting, yaitu Syariah (S), otoritas pemerintah atau wazi (G), manusia atau rijal (N), harta benda atau maal (W), pembangunan atau imarah (g) dan keadilan atau al-adl (j). Model hubungan antara variabel-variabel tersebut dikenal dengan Daur Keadilan (Circle of Equity).
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN RISIKO PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DI BANK BNI SYARIAH KANTOR CABANG PEMBANTU MOJOKERTO
Authors: Wandayanik Riris 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana langkah dalam implementasi manajemen risiko pembiayaan murabahah dan solusi dari penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah yang ada di Bank BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Pembantu Mojokerto.
Data penelitian dihimpun dari dokumen internal Bank BNI Syariah yang berupa file, wawancara secara lansung dengan pihak bank yang menangani pembiayaan murabahah dan pembiayaan bermasalah, nasabah yang menggunakan produk pembiayaan murabahah, serta literatur pendukung yang relevan terhadap permasalahan yang peneliti angkat.Selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif analisis.
Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa untuk implementasi manajemen risiko pembiayaan murabahah di Bank BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Pembantu Mojokerto telah terlaksana dengan baik, hal ini dibuktikan dengan laporan profil risiko BNI Syariah dikembangkan dengan menggunakan sistem online terintegrasi dengan sumber data. Dilihat dari tingkat pengendalian risiko yang 85%, itu artinya bank BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Pembantu Mojokerto telah melaksanakan manajemen risiko sesuai peraturan Bank Indonesia, syariat Islam dengan melihat peraturan pada Fatwa DSN MUI. Dalam analisis pembiayaan Bank BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Pembantu Mojokerto telah sesuai dengan peraturan dan prosedur dari pusat, yaitu dengan menilai nasabah lebih ketat, selektif, cermat dan teliti dengan menganalisis 5C yaitu character, capacity, capital, collateral, dan condition of economy. Hal itu berpengaruh positif bagi bank karena dilihat dari data yang ada hanya ada 30 pembiayaan bermasalah dan diantaranya 2 yang termasuk ke kategori pembiayaan macet. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa Bank BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Pembantu Mojokerto telah mampu mengendalikan risiko dengan baik. Dalam penanganan pembiayaan bermasalah, BNI Syariah mempunyai beberapa alternatif yaitu, penagihan intensif, rescheduling, reconditioning, restrukturisation, danpelunasan dengan penjualan agunan/jaminan sebagian/seluruhnya, penyerahan jaminan sukarela, penjualan jaminan secara bersama. Bank BNI Syariah sudah efektif dalam melakukan penanganan pembiayaan bermasalah dan eksekusi jaminan, ditinjau dari salah satu fatwa DSN-MUI No. 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005 tentang penyelesaian piutang Murabahah bagi nasabah yang tidak mampu membayar.