bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Budesonide Inhalation on Asthmatic Child: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saad Radwa Sameh , Moursi Hazem Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

Background: Asthma is a diverse inflammatory airway illness characterized by intermittent respiratory manifestations, and inhaled steroids (ICS) constitute the foundation of all asthma management regimens. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled Budesonide (BUD) regimens for recurrent wheeze treatment in pre-schoolers.
Methods: This retrospective randomized controlled research involved 70 pediatric subjects aged from 6-12 years old, both sexes having four wheezing episodes or more in the last year; and satisfying at least one main condition or two minor of them. Case selection was rigorously regulated by experts who specialize in children’s respiratory disorders diagnosis and treatment, notably asthma. The included children had mild-to-moderate asthma.
Results: After treatment, FEV1, FVC and FEV1: FVC were significantly elevated in group A than group B (P value <0.001). Urgent care visits and hospitalizations because of asthma were significantly lower in group A than group B (P value = 0.003 and 0.008 respectively).
Conclusions: We have shown that the BUD Inhalation is an effective and safe management for long term asthma treatment. Compared to placebo, BUD was related with a higher decrease in asthma manifestations and a rise in the number episode free days.
Factors Associated with Unmet Needs for Family Planning among People Living with HIV/AIDS in the South-South Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ofurum Ifeoma C. , Mba Onyinye G. , Enyindah Cosmos E. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Family planning is an important part of reproductive health which assists couples and individuals to make decisions regarding the timing, spacing, as well as the number of desired children. For individuals living with HIV, this can be challenging, as assess to reproductive health services may be hampered by a range of factors, thus causing an unmet need for family planning.
Aim: To investigate the factors associated with unmet needs for family planning among people living with HIV/AIDS in the South-South Region of Nigeria.
Study Design: Facility-based cross-sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the HIV clinics of Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Yenagoa and Otuasega Cottage Hospital (OCH), Ogbia in Bayelsa state.
Methodology: Six hundred (600) participants were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data obtained from the study were analyzed and presented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square and Binary logistic regression were used to test for association between variables. Statistical significance was set at p=0.05.
Result: The response rate was 100%. The unmet family planning needs were identified in 43.5% of the study population. Duration of status awareness (X2=9.983, P=0.002), ART duration (X2=10.410, P=0.001), number of sexual partners (X2=36.665, P=0.001) were significantly associated with unmet planning family need. Likewise, age group (X2=22.988, P<0.001), gender (X2=9.327, P=0.002), and religion (X2=17.243, P=0.001) were also significantly associated with unmet family planning needs. Binary logistic regression showed that respondents who were 40 years or more had 2.15 odds of unmet family planning needs compared to those less than 40 years. Also, respondents who had one sexual partner had 2.98 odds of unmet family planning needs when compared to respondents who had multiple sexual partners.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of unmet family planning needs among people living with HIV/AIDS in the South-South region of Nigeria.
Evaluating machine learning enhanced intelligent‐optimization‐engine (IOE) performance for ethos head‐and‐neck (HN) plan generation
Authors: Visak Justin , Inam Enobong , Meng Boyu , Wang Siqiu , Parsons David , Nyugen Dan , Zhang Tingliang , Moon Dominic , Avkshtol Vladimir , Jiang Steve , Sher David , Lin Mu‐Han 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeVarian Ethos utilizes novel intelligent‐optimization‐engine (IOE) designed to automate the planning. However, this introduced a black box approach to plan optimization and challenge for planners to improve plan quality. This study aims to evaluate machine‐learning‐guided initial reference plan generation approaches for head & neck (H&N) adaptive radiotherapy (ART).MethodsTwenty previously treated patients treated on C‐arm/Ring‐mounted were retroactively re‐planned in the Ethos planning system using a fixed 18‐beam intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) template. Clinical goals for IOE input were generated using (1) in‐house deep‐learning 3D‐dose predictor (AI‐Guided) (2) commercial knowledge‐based planning (KBP) model with universal RTOG‐based population criteria (KBP‐RTOG) and (3) an RTOG‐based constraint template only (RTOG) for in‐depth analysis of IOE sensitivity. Similar training data was utilized for both models. Plans were optimized until their respective criteria were achieved or DVH‐estimation band was satisfied. Plans were normalized such that the highest PTV dose level received 95% coverage. Target coverage, high‐impact organs‐at‐risk (OAR) and plan deliverability was assessed in comparison to clinical (benchmark) plans. Statistical significance was evaluated using a paired two‐tailed student t‐test.ResultsAI‐guided plans were superior to both KBP‐RTOG and RTOG‐only plans with respect to clinical benchmark cases. Overall, OAR doses were comparable or improved with AI‐guided plans versus benchmark, while they increased with KBP‐RTOG and RTOG plans. However, all plans generally satisfied the RTOG criteria. Heterogeneity Index (HI) was on average <1.07 for all plans. Average modulation factor was 12.2 ± 1.9 (p = n.s), 13.1 ± 1.4 (p = <0.001), 11.5 ± 1.3 (p = n.s.) and 12.2 ± 1.9 for KBP‐RTOG, AI‐Guided, RTOG and benchmark plans, respectively.ConclusionAI‐guided plans were the highest quality. Both KBP‐enabled and RTOG‐only plans are feasible approaches as clinics adopt ART workflows. Similar to constrained optimization, the IOE is sensitive to clinical input goals and we recommend comparable input to an institution's planning directive dosimetric criteria.
Ion‐Conducting Non‐Flammable Liquid Crystal–Polymer Composites for High‐Frequency Soft Actuators
Authors: Liu Chengyang , Cao Siyu , Yoshio Masafumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐frequency actuators are reported based on non‐flammable lithium‐ion conducting phosphate liquid crystal–polymer composite electrolytes, which exhibit a bending response at frequencies up to 80 Hz under an AC voltage of 2 V, owing to its high ionic conductivity reaching 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. An equimolar complex of a phosphate‐containing mesogenic molecule and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide through the ion‐dipole interactions induced a room‐temperature smectic A liquid‐crystalline (LC) phase forming 2D ion‐transport pathways comprising the 2D array of the phosphate moieties. A blend of 80 wt% LC electrolyte and 20 wt% polymers (poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)) formed a flexible, mechanically robust LC–polymer composite film. Scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy revealed a microphase‐segregated structure consisting of a continuous LC phase and a porous polymer matrix. In addition, the continuity of porous structure across the film is confirmed by permeation experiments of solvents thorough the membrane with a homemade filter in a dead‐end filtration mode. The LC–polymer composite film sandwiched between two poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) electrodes is found to simultaneously exhibit high bending strain (0.63%) and high output force (0.35 mN), owing to the high ion migration into the composite electrolyte and electrode.
Engineering of M2 Macrophages‐Derived Exosomes via Click Chemistry for Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Zeng Junkai , Gu Changjiang , Sun Yanqing , Chen Xiongsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability. The effective modulation of complicated microenvironment, regeneration of injured spinal cord tissue, and the functional recovery after SCI are still clinical challenges. Recently, macrophages‐derived exosomes have shown great potential for various diseases due to their inflammation‐targeting property. However, further modifications are needed to endow exosomes with the neural regenerative potential for SCI recovery. In the current study, a novel nanoagent (MEXI) is designed for SCI treatment by conjugating bioactive IKVAV peptides to the surface of M2 macrophages‐derived exosomes via an easy and rapid click chemistry method. In vitro, MEXI inhibits the inflammation by reprograming macrophages and promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. In vivo, engineered exosomes target the injured site of the spinal cord after tail vein injection. Furthermore, histological analysis reveals that MEXI improves motor functional recovery of SCI mice by reducing infiltration of macrophages, downregulating pro‐inflammatory factors, and improving the regeneration of injured nervous tissues. Taken together, this study provides strong evidence for the significance of MEXI in SCI recovery.
Piezoresistive Free‐standing Microfiber Strain Sensor for High‐resolution Battery Thickness Monitoring
Authors: Nazari Pariya , Bäuerle Rainer , Zimmermann Johannes , Melzer Christian , Schwab Christopher , Smith Anna , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Lemmer Uli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHighly sensitive microfiber strain sensors are promising for the detection of mechanical deformations in applications where limited space is available. In particular for in situ battery thickness monitoring where high resolution and low detection limit are key requirements. Herein, the realization of a highly sensitive strain sensor for in situ lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) battery thickness monitoring is presented. The compliant fiber‐shaped sensor is fabricated by an upscalable wet‐spinning method employing a composite of microspherical core‐shell conductive particles embedded in an elastomer. The electrical resistance of the sensor changes under applied strain, exhibiting a high strain sensitivity and extremely low strain detection limit of 0.00005 with high durability of 10 000 cycles. To demonstrate the accuracy and ease of applicability of this sensor, the real‐time thickness change of a Li‐ion battery pouch cell is monitored during the charge and discharge cycles. This work introduces a promising approach with the least material complexity for soft microfiber strain gauges.
Raddeanin A Enhances Mitochondrial DNA‐cGAS/STING Axis‐Mediated Antitumor Immunity by Targeting Transactive Responsive DNA‐Binding Protein 43
Authors: Yin Mingxiao , Dong Jingwen , Sun Cuicui , Liu Xiaojia , Liu Zhirui , Liu Lu , Kuang Zean , Zhang Na , Xiao Dian , Zhou Xinbo , Deng Hongbin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint therapies (ICT) have achieved unprecedented efficacy in multiple cancer treatments, but are still limited by low clinical response rates. Identification of immunogenic cell death (ICD)‐inducing drugs that can induce tumor cell immunogenicity and reprogram the tumor microenvironment is an attractive approach to enhance antitumor immunity. In the present study, Raddeanin A (RA), an oleanane class triterpenoid saponin isolated from Anemone raddeana Regel, is uncovered as a potent ICD inducer through an ICD reporter assay combined with a T cell activation assay. RA significantly increases high‐mobility group box 1 release in tumor cells and promotes dendritic cell (DC) maturation and CD8+ T cell activation for tumor control. Mechanistically, RA directly binds to transactive responsive DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) and induces TDP‐43 localization to mitochondria and mtDNA leakage, leading to cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon gene‐dependent upregulation of nuclear factor κB and type I interferon signaling, thereby potentiating the DC‐mediated antigen cross‐presentation and T cell activation. Moreover, combining RA with anti‐programmed death 1 antibody effectively enhances the efficacy of ICT in animals. These findings highlight the importance of TDP‐43 in ICD drug‐induced antitumor immunity and reveal a potential chemo‐immunotherapeutic role of RA in enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Cellular response to β‐amyloid neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease and implications in new therapeutics
Authors: Zhang Haolin , Li Xianghua , Wang Xiaoli , Xu Jiayu , Elefant Felice , Wang Juan 
Published: March 2023

Abstractβ‐Amyloid (Aβ) is a specific pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because of its neurotoxicity, AD patients exhibit multiple brain dysfunctions. Disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) is the central concept in the development of AD therapeutics today, and most DMT drugs that are currently in clinical trials are anti‐Aβ drugs, such as aducanumab and lecanemab. Therefore, understanding Aβ's neurotoxic mechanism is crucial for Aβ‐targeted drug development. Despite its total length of only a few dozen amino acids, Aβ is incredibly diverse. In addition to the well‐known Aβ1‐42, N‐terminally truncated, glutaminyl cyclase (QC) catalyzed, and pyroglutamate‐modified Aβ (pEAβ) is also highly amyloidogenic and far more cytotoxic. The extracellular monomeric Aβx‐42 (x = 1–11) initiates the aggregation to form fibrils and plaques and causes many abnormal cellular responses through cell membrane receptors and receptor‐coupled signal pathways. These signal cascades further influence many cellular metabolism‐related processes, such as gene expression, cell cycle, and cell fate, and ultimately cause severe neural cell damage. However, endogenous cellular anti‐Aβ defense processes always accompany the Aβ‐induced microenvironment alterations. Aβ‐cleaving endopeptidases, Aβ‐degrading ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS), and Aβ‐engulfing glial cell immune responses are all essential self‐defense mechanisms that we can leverage to develop new drugs. This review discusses some of the most recent advances in understanding Aβ‐centric AD mechanisms and suggests prospects for promising anti‐Aβ strategies.
Characterization of triglycerides photooxidation under solar radiations: A stepwise Raman study
Authors: Assi Ali , Michael‐Jubeli Rime , Jacques‐Jamin Carine , Baillet‐Guffroy Arlette , Duplan Hélène , Tfayli Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTriglycerides (TGs) are one of the main components of the glycerolipid family. Their main task in cells is to store excess fatty acids. TG energy storage is mainly concentrated in adipocytes. TGs and free fatty acids constitute the majority (57.5%) of the skin surface lipids (SSLs). TGs are essential for the formation of the skin water barrier. This work is the second part of a global study that aims to evaluate the effect of solar radiations on SSLs using vibrational spectroscopy. In the first part of this work, a stepwise characterization of free fatty acids was performed, and different spectral descriptors were used to follow the different structural modifications during the photo‐oxidation process, that is hydrogen abstraction, formation of hydroperoxides and peroxyl radicals as primary oxidation products and the formation of aldehydes, ketones, alcohol as secondary products. In this second part, the photo‐oxidation of TGs was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. A decrease in the CH2/CH3 stretching bands ratio that confirmed the hydrogen abstraction, an increase in the 1165/1740 cm−1 ((δ(OH) and υ(C–O))/ν(C=O) (ester)) ratio indicated the formation of secondary oxidation products such as hydroperoxides. And finally, an increase in the 1725/1740 cm−1 (υ(C=O) (ald.)/υ(C=O) (ester)) ratio and the trans ν(C=C)/cis ν(C=C) ratio highlighted the formation of aldehydes, alcohols, ketone, trans secondary products and others.
Preparation and characterization of pH and thermally responsive perfluoropolyether acrylate copolymer micelles and investigation its drug‐loading properties
Authors: Xu Dezhong , Li Ao , Lin Weijie , Zou Qiuxia , Wu Shuai , Mondal Ajoy Kanti , Xiao Wangchuan , Huang Fang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, pH and thermally responsive P(PFPHM9‐b‐DMAEMA‐b‐PEGMEA480) was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using perfluoropolyether hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PFPHM) as hydrophobic core, 2‐(Dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate as pH and thermal response function segment, and poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate480 as hydrophilic shell, respectively. The chemical structure, critical micelle concentration (CMC), lower critical solution temperature (LCST), biological toxicity, stability of micelles, drug‐loading performance and cumulative drug release rate of prepared P(PFPHM9‐b‐DMAEMA‐b‐PEGMEA480) were analyzed by 19F NMR, 1H NMR, FTIR, DLS, UV–Vis, laser confocal microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that P(PFPHM9‐b‐DMAEMA‐b‐PEGMEA480) exhibites a CMC of 7.5 g/L, LCST of 37.6°C and excellent micelle stability. Moreover, the analysis of drug‐loading indicates that the polymer displayed drug loading efficiency (DL) is 21.3% and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) is 90.0%. Its cumulative drug release rates at pH = 6.5 (42°C) is almost double of those at pH = 7.4 (42°C), pH = 6.5 (37°C) and pH = 7.4 (37°C). These results suggeste that the P(PFPHM9‐b‐DMAEMA‐b‐PEGMEA480) at pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.4 and temperature ranging from 37 to 42°C are pH and temperature sensitive. It has great potential application as a drug loading for DOX.
Electrochemical and Structural Investigation of ReO3
Authors: Peng Jian , Parker Eleanor , Brand Helen E. A. , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe structural evolution with alkali ion insertion, and the subsequent thermal evolution of the alkali‐ion inserted ReO3 electrodes are shown by employing in situ and ex situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD). During Na and K insertion, there is a combination of intercalation into ReO3 and a two‐phase reaction. Interestingly in the case of Li insertion, a more complex evolution is noted, which suggests a conversion reaction takes place at deep discharge (insertion). Following these ion insertion studies, extracted electrodes at various states of discharge (kinetically determined) were examined with variable temperature XRD. The thermal evolution of the AxReO3 phases, where A=Li, Na, or K, are significantly modified from the parent ReO3 thermal evolution. This shows the impact of alkali‐ion insertion on the thermal properties of ReO3.
Feasibility and impact of extra‐vascular ultrasound‐guided endovascular treatment for infrapopliteal artery occlusive disease
Authors: Tokuda Takahiro , Oba Yasuhiro , Kagase Ai , Matsuda Hiroaki , Suzuki Yoriyasu , Murata Akira , Ito Tatsuya , Hirano Keisuke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to examine the feasibility and impact of extra‐vascular ultrasound (EVUS)‐guided intervention for infrapopliteal (IP) artery occlusive disease.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using data collected from patients who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) for IP artery occlusive disease between January 2018 and December 2020 at our institution. A total of 63 consecutive de novoocclusive lesions were compared according to the recanalization method utilized. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of the methods utilized. The prognostic value was analyzed based on the technical success rate, distal puncture rate, radiation exposure, amount of contrast media, postprocedural skin perfusion pressure (SPP), and procedural complication rate.ResultsEighteen matched pairs of patients were analyzed using propensity score‐matched analysis. Radiation exposure was significantly lower in the EVUS‐guided group than in the angio‐guided group, with 135 and 287 mGy (p = 0.04) exposure on average, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of technical success rate, distal puncture rate, the amount of contrast media, postprocedural SPP, and procedural complication rate.ConclusionEVUS‐guided EVT for IP occlusive disease achieved a feasible technical success rate and significantly reduced radiation exposure.
Chemical Recycling of Waste Polypropylene via Thermocatalytic Pyrolysis over HZSM‐5 Catalysts
Authors: Inayat Amer , Inayat Alexandra , Schwieger Wilhelm , Klemencova Katerina , Lestinsky Pavel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present work deals with the chemical recycling of waste polypropylene via thermocatalytic pyrolysis over HZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts. The main aim was to systematically investigate the influence of reactor configuration, zeolite acidity, polypropylene wastes, obtained from different sources, as well as catalyst regeneration on the product distribution. It was demonstrated that the reactor configuration and the acid site density of HZSM‐5 catalysts strongly influence the product yields and distributions. The different types of polypropylene waste, on the other hand, showed a comparatively small yet noticeable effect on the product distribution. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the HZSM‐5 catalysts exhibit good regeneration capacity during regeneration‐reaction cycles.
Interfacial Chemistry Enables Highly Reversible Na Extraction/Intercalation in Layered‐Oxide Cathode Materials†
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Wang Kuan , Ren Meng , Huang Yaohui , Zhang Kai , Liao Changzhong , Shih Kaimin , Yan Pengfei , Li Fujun 
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive SummaryLayered transition‐metal oxides are promising cathode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries. However, the inferior interphase formation and particulate fracture during sodiation/desodiation result in structure degradation and poor stability. Herein, the interface chemistry of P2‐Na0.640Ni0.343Mn0.657O2 in an electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L NaPF6 in diglyme is unveiled to enable highly reversible Na extraction and intercalation. The uniform and robust cathode‐electrolyte interphase layer is in situ formed with decomposition of diglyme molecules and anions in initial cycles. The NaF‐ and CO‐rich CEI film exhibits high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity, which suppresses the reconstruction of its electrode interphase from P2 phase to spinel‐like structure and reinforces its structure integrity without cracks. This favours facile Na+ transport and stable bulk redox reactions. It is demonstrated to show long cycling stability with capacity retention of 94.4% for 180 cycles and superior rate capability. This investigation highlights the cathode interphase chemistry in sodium‐ion batteries.
Combination of S···N and S···Cl Noncovalently Conformational Locks for Constructing High‐Planarity and Low‐Cost Nonfused‐Ring Electron Acceptors†
Authors: Han Ziyang , Li Congqi , Gu Xiaobin , Han Xiao , Wang Sixuan , Wei Yanan , Gao Jinhua , Wei Zhixiang , Cai Yunhao , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui 
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive SummaryBy employing thiazole and 4‐chlorothiazole as the A′ units, two A‐D‐A′‐D‐A type nonfused‐ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) Tz‐H and Tz‐Cl were designed and synthesized. Replacing thiazole in Tz‐H with 4‐chlorothiazole can not only remarkably shorten the synthetic route through C—H direct arylation but also enhance molecular planarity with the simultaneous incorporation of S···N and S···Cl noncovalently conformational locks (NoCLs). The photovoltaic devices based on PM6:Tz‐Cl exhibited a power conversion efficiency as high as 11.10%, much higher than that of PM6:Tz‐H (6.41%), mainly due to more efficient exciton dissociation, better and more balanced carrier mobility, less charge recombination, and more favorable morphology. These findings demonstrate the great potential of NoCLs in achieving low‐cost and high‐performance NFREAs.