bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different changes of bacterial diversity and soil metabolites in tea plants-legume intercropping systems
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Zhang Xiaojia , Li Xiaojiang , Shen Jiazhi , Sun Litao , Zaman Shah , Wang Yu , Ding Zhaotang 
Published: March 2023

As an essential agroforestry, intercropping legumes can improve the physical, chemical, and biological fertility of the soil in tea plantations. However, the effects of intercropping different legume species on soil properties, bacterial communities, and metabolites remain elusive. In this study, the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soils of three planting patterns (T1: tea plants/mung bean intercropping, T2: tea plants/adzuki bean intercropping, T3: tea plants/mung bean and adzuki bean intercropping) were sampled to explore the diversity of the bacterial community and soil metabolites. The findings showed that, as compared to monocropping, intercropping systems had greater concentrations of organic matter (OM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Notably, pH values were significantly lower, and soil nutrients increased in intercropping systems compared with monoculture in 20-40 cm soils, especially in T3. In addition, intercropping resulted in an increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria but a decreased relative abundance of Actinobacteria. 4-methyl-Tetradecane, acetamide, and diethyl carbamic acid were key metabolites mediating the root–microbe interactions, especially in tea plants/adzuki intercropping and tea plants/mung bean, adzuki bean mixed intercropping soils. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that arabinofuranose, abundant in tea plants and adzuki bean intercropping soils, showed the most remarkable correlation with the soil bacterial taxa. Our findings demonstrate that intercropping with adzuki beans is better at enhancing the diversity of soil bacteria and soil metabolites and is more weed-suppressing than other tea plants/legume intercropping systems.
Severity assessment of wheat stripe rust based on machine learning
Authors: Jiang Qian , Wang Hongli , Wang Haiguang 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe accurate severity assessment of wheat stripe rust is the basis for the pathogen-host interaction phenotyping, disease prediction, and disease control measure making.MethodsTo realize the rapid and accurate severity assessment of the disease, the severity assessment methods of the disease were investigated based on machine learning in this study. Based on the actual percentages of the lesion areas in the areas of the corresponding whole single diseased wheat leaves of each severity class of the disease, obtained after the image segmentation operations on the acquired single diseased wheat leaf images and the pixel statistics operations on the segmented images by using image processing software, under two conditions of considering healthy single wheat leaves or not, the training and testing sets were constructed by using two modeling ratios of 4:1 and 3:2, respectively. Then, based on the training sets, two unsupervised learning methods including K-means clustering algorithm and spectral clustering and three supervised learning methods including support vector machine, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor were used to build severity assessment models of the disease, respectively.ResultsRegardless of whether the healthy wheat leaves were considered or not, when the modeling ratios were 4:1 and 3:2, satisfactory assessment performances on the training and testing sets can be achieved by using the optimal models based on unsupervised learning and those based on supervised learning. In particular, the assessment performances obtained by using the optimal random forest models were the best, with the accuracies, precisions, recalls, and F1 scores for all the severity classes of the training and testing sets equal to 100.00% and the overall accuracies of the training and testing sets equal to 100.00%.DiscussionThe simple, rapid, and easy-to-operate severity assessment methods based on machine learning were provided for wheat stripe rust in this study. This study provides a basis for the automatic severity assessment of wheat stripe rust based on image processing technology, and provides a reference for the severity assessments of other plant diseases.
Development and validation of the leadership learning agility scale
Authors: Bouland-van Dam Sophie I. M. , Oostrom Janneke K. , Jansen Paul G. W. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionLearning agility is key in the selection and development of future leaders. However, prior research has failed to clearly conceptualize learning agility and to empirically clarify its dimensions.MethodWe developed the Leadership Learning Agility Scale (LLAS) by using a combination of both deductive and inductive approaches and established scale development and validation procedures. We administered the LLAS among three independent samples of workers and leaders (N = 907;N = 196;N = 219).ResultsOur results indicate that our 18-item LLAS measures the willingness to learn from social experiences, and the drive to apply those lessons in new and challenging leadership roles, and comprises a Developing Leadership, Seeking Feedback, and Developing Systematically dimension. Furthermore, the LLAS showed adequate internal consistency. Leadership learning agility was positively related to achievement motivation, extraversion, and conscientiousness but unrelated to openness to experience.DiscussionWe provided a new scale to measure leadership learning agility that can be applied in both research and practitioner settings.
Incidence and predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies among adult diabetic patients in Bahir Dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A multicenter retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Abate Melsew Dagne , Semachew Ayele , Emishaw Solomon , Meseret Fentahun , Azmeraw Molla , Algaw Dawit , Temesgen Dessie , Feleke Sefineh Fenta , Nuru Ahmed , Abate Makda , Bantie Berihun , Andualem Atsedemariam 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome are the two commonly known life-threatening hyperglycemic emergencies of diabetes mellitus. Despite the growing hyperglycemic emergency impact among adult patients with diabetes, its incidence and predictors have not been well studied in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies among adult patients with diabetes.MethodA retrospective follow-up study design was conducted among a randomly selected sample of 453 adult patients with diabetes. Data were entered into EPI data version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 14.0. A Cox-proportional hazard regression model was fitted to identify the independent predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies, and variables having a p &lt; 0.05 in the multivariable model were considered statistically significant.ResultAmong the total adult patients with diabetes included in the study, 147 (32.45%) developed hyperglycemic emergencies. Hence, the overall incidence of hyperglycemic emergencies was 14.6 per 100 person-years observation. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 12.5 per 100 person-years (35.6 and 6.3 among T1DM and T2DM, respectively). The incidence of the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome was 2.1 per 100 person-years (0.9 and 2.4 among T1DM and T2DM, respectively). The overall median free survival time was 53.85 months. Type 1 diabetes mellitus [AHR = 2.75, 95% CI (1.68, 4.51)], diabetes duration of ≥ 3 years [AHR = 0.33, 95% CI (0.21, 0.50)], recent acute illness [AHR = 2.99, 95% CI (2.03, 4.43)], presence of comorbidity [AHR = 2.36, 95% CI (1.53, 3.63)], poor glycemic control [AHR = 3.47, 95% CI (2.17, 5.56)], history of medication non-compliance [AHR = 1.85,95% CI (1.24, 2.76)], follow-up frequency of 2–3 months [AHR = 1.79,95% CI (1.06, 3.01)], and without community health insurance [AHR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.14, 2.35)] were significant predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies.ConclusionThe incidence of hyperglycemic emergencies was high. Therefore, giving greater attention to patients with identified predictors could decrease the occurrence of hyperglycemic emergencies and related public health and economic impacts.
Local health department engagement with workplaces during the COVID-19 pandemic—Examining barriers of and facilitators to outbreak investigation and mitigation
Authors: Bonney Tessa , Grant Michael P. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo document local health department (LHD) COVID-19 prevention or mitigation activities at workplaces in the United States and identify facilitators for and barriers to these efforts.MethodsWe conducted a web-based, cross-sectional national probability survey of United States LHDs (n = 181 unweighted; n = 2,284 weighted) from January to March 2022, collecting information about worker complaints, surveillance, investigations, relationships and interactions with employers/businesses, and LHD capacity.ResultsOverall, 94% LHD respondents reported investigating workplace-linked COVID-19 cases; however, 47% reported insufficient capacity to effectively receive, investigate and respond to COVID-19-related workplace safety complaints. Prior relationships with jurisdiction employers and LHD personnel with formal occupational health and safety (OHS) training were predictors of proactive outreach to prevent COVID-19 spread in workplaces (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.001). LHD size predicted OHS personnel and sufficient financial resources to support workplace investigation and mitigation activities (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsDifferences in LHD capacity to effectively respond to communicable disease spread in workplaces may exacerbate health disparities, especially between rural and urban settings. Improving LHD OHS capacity, especially in smaller jurisdictions, could facilitate effective prevention and mitigation of workplace communicable disease spread.
One-stage tracheostomy during surgery reduced early pulmonary infection and mechanical ventilation length in complete CSCI patients
Authors: Sun Lin , Feng Haoyu , Mei Jun , Wang Zhiqiang , Deng Chen , Qin Zhixin , Lv Junqiao 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveComplete cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) is a devastating injury that usually requires surgical treatment. Tracheostomy is an important supportive therapy for these patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of early one-stage tracheostomy during surgery compared with necessary tracheostomy after surgery, and to identify clinical factors for one-stage tracheostomy during surgery in complete cervical spinal cord injury.DesignData from 41 patients with complete CSCI treated with surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Participants and interventionsTen patients (24.4%) underwent one-stage tracheostomy during surgery, thirteen (31.7%) underwent tracheostomy when necessary after surgery, and eighteen (43.9%) did not have a tracheostomy.Main resultsOne-stage tracheostomy during surgery significantly reduced the development of pneumonia at 7 days after tracheostomy (p = 0.025), increased the PaO2 (p &lt; 0.05), and decreased the length of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.005), length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) (p = 0.002), hospital LOS (p = 0.01) and hospitalization expenses compared with necessary tracheostomy after surgery (p = 0.037). A high neurological level of injury (NLI) (NLI C5 and above), a high PaCO2 in the blood gas analysis before tracheostomy, severe breathing difficulty, and excessive pulmonary secretions were the statistically significant factors for one-stage tracheostomy during surgery in the complete CSCI patients, but no independent clinical factor was found.ConclusionsIn conclusion, one-stage tracheostomy during surgery reduced the number of early pulmonary infections and the length of mechanical ventilation, ICU LOS, hospital LOS and hospitalization expenses, and one-stage tracheostomy should be considered when managing complete CSCI patients by surgical treatment.
Impacts of commingling preconditioned and auction-derived beef calves on bovine respiratory disease related morbidity, mortality, and weight gain
Authors: Mijar Sanjaya , van der Meer Frank , Pajor Ed , Hodder Abigail , Louden Julia Morgan , Thompson Sean , Orsel Karin 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionStressors predisposing to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) upon arrival in the feedlot, include the ranch to feedlot transition and mixing cattle from multiple sources. Preconditioning (PC) reduces multiple stressors, but commingling PC and auction-derived (AD) calves in a feedlot may increase BRD risk. Our objective was to evaluate PC calf performance over the first 40 days in the feedlot and determine impacts of commingling with varying proportions of AD calves (25, 50, and 75%).MethodsCalves were either preconditioned at one ranch (n = 250) or mixed-source and bought from a local auction (n = 250). At arrival, calves were assigned into 1 of 5 pens: 100 PC, 75 PC, 50 PC, 25 PC, and 0 PC, reflecting the percentage of PC calves in a 100-head pen.ResultsOver 40 days, morbidity in pen 100 PC was lower compared to 0 PC (24 vs. 50%, P &lt; 0.001) and varied in commingled pens, being highest (63%) in 25 PC and least (21%) in 50 PC (P &lt; 0.05). There were 3 AD deaths in 0 PC and 2 deaths in 25 PC. The AD calves in 0 PC were 3 times more likely to get BRD than PC calves in 100 PC; however, AD calves gained 0.49 kg/d more than PC calves (P &lt; 0.0001). Ignoring pen placement, AD calves were 2.76 times more likely to get BRD but gained 0.27 kg/d more than PC calves (P &lt; 0.0001). Commingling did not affect morbidity of PC (P = 0.5) or AD calves (P = 0.96), implying commingling did not affect health. Calves in 25 PC were 3.39 times more likely to get BRD than those in the 100 PC (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, 25 PC calves gained the most (1.08 kg/d), followed by 50 PC (0.62 kg/d) and 75 PC (0.61 kg/d), compared to 100 PC (P &lt; 0.05). Calf weight at arrival modified ADG (P &lt; 0.05).DiscussionIn conclusion, PC calves had lower morbidity over the first 40 days, irrespective of commingling. With larger variations in arrival weight, there was no advantage of PC for ADG in the first 40 days. The unknown weaning strategies and comparable arrival weights of AD calves may have contributed to greater ADG in AD calves.
Optimal Design of Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites Preparation Based on Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Yan Shaoqiu , Tang Ying , Bi Gangping , Xiao Bowen , He Guotian , Lin Yuanchang 
Published: March 2023

Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to improve the preparation of carbon nanotube and graphene (CNT-GN)-sensing unit composite materials in this study. Four independent variable factors (CNT content, GN content, mixing time, and curing temperature) were controlled at five levels, and 30 samples were generated using the multivariate control analysis technique. On the basis of the experimental design, semi-empirical equations were developed and utilized to predict the sensitivity and compression modulus of the generated samples. The results reveal a strong correlation between the experimental and expected values of sensitivity and the compression modulus for the CNT-GN/RTV (room-temperature-vulcanized silicone rubber) polymer nanocomposites fabricated using different design strategies. The correlation coefficients for the sensitivity and compression modulus are R2 =0.9634 and R2=0.9115, respectively. The ideal preparation parameters of the composite in the experimental range include a CNT content of 1.1 g, a GN content of 1.0 g, a mixing time of 15 min, and a curing temperature of 68.6 °C, according to theoretical predictions and experimental findings. At 0~30 kPa, the CNT-GN/RTV-sensing unit composite materials may reach a sensitivity of 0.385 kPa−1 and a compressive modulus of 601.567 kPa. This provides a new idea for the preparation of flexible sensor cells and reduces the time and economic cost of experiments.
Use of Digital Images as a Low-Cost System to Estimate Surface Optical Parameters in the Ocean
Authors: Castillo-Ramírez Alejandra , Santamaría-del-Ángel Eduardo , González-Silvera Adriana , Aguilar-Maldonado Jesús , Lopez-Calderon Jorge , Sebastiá-Frasquet María-Teresa 
Published: March 2023

Ocean color is the result of absorption and scattering, as light interacts with the water and the optically active constituents. The measurement of ocean color changes enables monitoring of these constituents (dissolved or particulate materials). The main objective of this research is to use digital images to estimate the light attenuation coefficient (Kd), the Secchi disk depth (ZSD), and the chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration and to optically classify plots of seawater using the criteria proposed by Jerlov and Forel using digital images captured at the ocean surface. The database used in this study was obtained from seven oceanographic cruises performed in oceanic and coastal areas. Three approaches were developed for each parameter: a general approach that can be applied under any optical condition, one for oceanic conditions, and another for coastal conditions. The results of the coastal approach showed higher correlations between the modeled and validation data, with rp values of 0.80 for Kd, 0.90 for ZSD, 0.85 for Chla, 0.73 for Jerlov, and 0.95 for Forel–Ule. The oceanic approach failed to detect significant changes in a digital photograph. The most precise results were obtained when images were captured at 45° (n = 22; Fr cal=11.02>Fr crit=5.99). Therefore, to ensure precise results, the angle of photography is key. This methodology can be used in citizen science programs to estimate ZSD, Kd, and the Jerlov scale.
Les Russes d'Asie centrale : une minorité en déclin face à de multiples défis
Authors: Peyrouse Sébastien 
Published: March 2023

Russians in central Asia: A declining minority faced with major challenges
Since the 1990s, the situation of the Russian minority in central Asia has been deeply affected. Left behind by the empire, it has had to cope with massive migrations toward Russia and challenges to its privileged status. Organizations for defending Russians and political authorities in the five new states differ with regard to the questions of: dual citizenship, occupational discrimination, the status of the Russian language, schooling in Russian and access to the media in Russia. However tighter economic relations between central Asia and Russia (in particular labor migrations) are creating a clear-cut separation between the question of the Russian minority and that of the Russian language in the region.
L'ancienne RDA : un laboratoire pour la réforme de l'action publique locale ?
Authors: Lozac'h Valérie 
Published: March 2023

The former German Democratic Republic, a laboratory for reforming local public action?
German unification coincided with plans for reforming local policy-making. Districts in the former GDR served as a laboratory for experimenting with these plans, which borrowed as much from corporate neomanagerial doctrines as from ideas about participatory democracy. These attempts at modernization have not met with the hoped-for success. Various political and administrative legacies have combined so as to restrict the application of reforms in localities in the former GDR.
A Leaking-Proof Theranostic Nanoplatform for Tumor-Targeted and Dual-Modality Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Jin Duo , Zhu Yang , Liu Manman , Yu Wenxin , Yu Jiaji , Zheng Xinwei , Wang Lulu , Wu Yun , Wei Kaiju , Cheng Junjie , Liu Yangzhong 
Published: March 2023

Objective
: A protein-based leaking-proof theranostic nanoplatform for dual-modality imaging-guided tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been designed.

Impact Statement
: A site-specific conjugation of chlorin e6 (Ce6) to ferrimagnetic ferritin (MFtn-Ce6) has been constructed to address the challenge of unexpected leakage that often occurs during small-molecule drug delivery.

Introduction
: PDT is one of the most promising approaches for tumor treatment, while a delivery system is typically required for hydrophobic photosensitizers. However, the nonspecific distribution and leakage of photosensitizers could lead to insufficient drug accumulation in tumor sites.

Methods
: An engineered ferritin was generated for site-specific conjugation of Ce6 to obtain a leaking-proof delivery system, and a ferrimagnetic core was biomineralized in the cavity of ferritin, resulting in a fluorescent ferrimagnetic ferritin nanoplatform (MFtn-Ce6). The distribution and tumor targeting of MFtn-Ce6 can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI).

Results
: MFtn-Ce6 showed effective dual-modality MRI and FLI. A prolonged in vivo circulation and increased tumor accumulation and retention of photosensitizer was observed. The time-dependent distribution of MFtn-Ce6 can be precisely tracked in real time to find the optimal time window for PDT treatment. The colocalization of ferritin and the iron oxide core confirms the high stability of the nanoplatform in vivo. The results showed that mice treated with MFtn-Ce6 exhibited marked tumor-suppressive activity after laser irradiation.

Conclusion
: The ferritin-based leaking-proof nanoplatform can be used for the efficient delivery of the photosensitizer to achieve an enhanced therapeutic effect. This method established a general approach for the dual-modality imaging-guided tumor delivery of PDT agents.
Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Instrumento de Autoavaliação em Diabetes
Authors: Neves Sirleia Rosana , Dias Moreira Alexandra , Bandeira Fernanda Fortini , Horta Tatiane Géa , Pagano Adriana Silvina , Reis Janice Sepúlveda , Soares Aleida Nazareth 
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: realizar a tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do instrumento “Instrumento de Autoavaliação em Diabetes” para aplicação no contexto brasileiro. Métodos: estudo metodológico realizado com 132 profissionais, entre os anos de 2016 e 2018, em seis etapas: 1- Tradução inicial; 2- Síntese da tradução; 3- Retrotradução (back-translation); 4- Avaliação pelo comitê de juízes; 5- Adequação cultural (pré-teste); 6- Reprodutibilidade. Houve participação de profissionais de equipes multiprofissionais envolvidas no tratamento do diabetes, por meio da plataforma e-surv. Resultados: entre os participantes, predominaram o sexo feminino (73,5%), profissionais com especialização (pós-graduação Lato Sensu) (51,5%) e com experiência na assistência a pessoas com diabetes (84,4%). O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) foi satisfatório (média de 0,850). O instrumento apresentou boa consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach=0,878). A análise de confiabilidade do instrumento, realizada pelo cálculo do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), indicou concordância adequada em todas as medidas, 0,878 (IC 95%: 0,864 – 0,891), com Kappa Ponderado médio de 0,714 e índices acima de 0,60 em 85% os itens, mostrando boa concordância teste e reteste. Conclusão: a versão traduzida e adaptada culturalmente do Instrumento de Autoavaliação em Diabetes apresentou boa confiabilidade, aceitabilidade e estabilidade temporal satisfatórias conforme os parâmetros internacionais, podendo ser utilizada para autoavaliação em diabetes pelos profissionais da saúde.
LW-IRSTNet: Lightweight Infrared Small Target Segmentation Network
Authors: Kou renke , Wang Chunping , Huang Fuyuan , Yu Ying , Peng Zhenming , Fu Qiang 
Published: March 2023

<p>In the complex background, rapid and accurate detection of infrared small targets is the key factor for the effectiveness of the infrared detection system. The experimental results show that the segmentation accuracy of LW-IRSTNet is not only equal to or slightly more than the most advanced baseline, but also greatly reduces the computational complexity and params, realizing real-time infrared small target detection. </p>