bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Spin in Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Woolley Katherine , Milan Nesa , Master Zubin , Feeley Brian T. 
Published: January 2025

Background: The regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has sparked interest in their use for knee osteoarthritis. Concurrently, there have been investigations on how data in scientific journals are reported and how they may influence readers’ interpretations, or “spin bias.” These studies are at risk for bias, given the limited number of patients and inconsistent blinding or controls. The risk of spin bias also complicates the interpretation, as results may be presented in a way that favors a particular outcome. Purpose: To quantify and characterize spin bias in clinical trials of MSCs for knee osteoarthritis. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: PubMed and Embase searches were conducted using the terms “mesenchymal stem cells” or “MSCs” and “knee arthritis” or “osteoarthritis” and “therapy” or “treatment” or “regeneration.” Overall, 2 independent reviewers classified spin as high, moderate, or low and as 1 of 3 types: (1) emphasizing statistically significant results, (2) interpreting nonsignificant results as treatment effectiveness, and (3) claiming treatment benefits despite nonsignificant results. Journals were categorized as orthopaedic or nonorthopaedic. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and the Fisher exact test were used to analyze the data, with alpha set at P < .05. Results: Among the 54 studies, spin was found in 80.0% of articles, with 14.5% having high, 25.5% moderate, and 40.0% low levels of spin. Type 1 was found in 54.5% of articles, type 2 in 18.2%, and type 3 in 29.1%. Spin was less frequently observed in the Methods section of articles compared with the abstract (17.52; P = .003). Reports on adipose-derived MSCs were associated with a higher frequency and level of spin compared with reports on MSCs from other sources (18.92; P = .026). There was no difference in the frequency of spin between orthopaedic and nonorthopaedic journals (0.48; P = .49) and no association with the impact factor (5.34; P = .07). There was no association between spin and financial disclosures (0.02; P = .577). Conclusion: Spin bias was present in most MSC-related trials for knee osteoarthritis, with a higher frequency among those that utilized adipose-derived MSCs. Understanding the prevalence and strategies of spin can mitigate any potential misinterpretations of study outcomes.
“Intrableb pigmentation following XEN implantation: A case series”
Authors: Tatti Filippo , Demarinis Giuseppe , Dore Stefano , Sacchi Matteo , Fossarello Maurizio , Peiretti Enrico , Giannaccare Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

Purpose To evaluate the incidence and to describe the characteristics of the intrableb pigmentation (IBP) following XEN63 implantation. Methods Retrospective case series of three eyes presenting a pigment dispersion in the filtering bleb after a XEN63 implantation for uncontrolled IOP. Demographic, clinical and imaging data were obtained from medical records. Results Three out of 40 patients who underwent XEN implantation (average age 70.67 years) showed an IBP during the 12 months postoperative period. The mean time of IBP onset was 50 days (range, 15–90). The slit lamp examination showed two IBP patterns: a “diffuse” pattern (2 patients) with multiple spots of pigmentation inside the bleb; a “punctiform” pattern (1 patient), with a single spot at the distal end of the device. The AS-OCT imaging confirmed the presence of IBP appearing as a hyperreflective spot/s in the context of the filtering bleb. The patient with the punctiform IBP experienced a distal XEN ostium obstruction with a decrease in bleb function. In one case the diffuse IBP occurred after a successful needling procedure. All the patients’ IOP reported at the end of the follow-up was below 21 mmHg. Conclusion The development of IBP might occur after XEN implantation in various times and with different patterns. The IBP pattern can provide meaningful clues on the bleb filtering function. A proper follow-up based on slit lamp biomicroscopy, IOP measurement, and AS-OCT imaging is recommended to manage potential complications related to IBP.
Shaken baby syndrome: theoretical and evidential controversies
Authors: Minns RA 
Published: January 2025

Recent controversies have focused on whether shaking can injure the infant brain and if a diagnosis of SBS can be confidently made and distinguished from accidents (short falls) and non-traumatic conditions. This article reviews documented cases, animal, biomechanical, and computer-modelling evidence to support the contention that shaking alone without additional impact results in a rotational brain injury with tearing of cortical emissary veins, parenchymal shearing, cervico-medullary, and hypoxic-ischaemic injury. While the terminology SBS is best avoided because it implies a mechanism in what is usually an unwitnessed injury, a more secure diagnosis of NAHI can be offered, with varying degrees of certainty, based on clinical, imaging, and ophthalmological findings after excluding conditions simulating these features. The type of brain injury (inertial, contact, hypoxic-ischaemic) and the context in which it is sustained, may enable an opinion about whether the mechanism is consistent with either a purely rotational or rotational impact-deceleration injury, compressive, penetrative or other combined mechanism.
Palliative medicine: the first 18 years of a new sub-specialty of General Medicine
Authors: Doyle D 
Published: January 2025

In 1987 the UK became the first country in the world to make palliative medicine a subspecialty, to be followed by Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Singapore, and Taiwan. Eighteen years later there are, in the UK, 310 consultant specialists, 161 SpRs, 6 professorial chairs, increasing research and palliative medicine is taught in all medical schools. This paper looks at the history of the subspecialty, the criteria that had to be met for specialist status, developments in palliative care provision in the UK and the challenges facing the young specialty, and those undergoing training. A fuller version of this paper with more tables plus information about the situation in other countries where palliative medicine is, or is expected to become, a specialty can be found online: http://www.rcpe.ac.uk/publications/the_journal.php
Assisted ventilation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Telfer M , Lwin A , Jenkins P 
Published: January 2025

In the UK, over three million people suffer from COPD, and over 30,000 people die as a result each year. Acute exacerbations of COPD are a particularly heavy burden to patients, and to the Health Service. Patients often present with AHRF, and this presentation accounts for 20% of all COPD admissions. Non-invasive ventilation is of proven efficacy in the management of AHRF associated with an exacerbation of COPD. Systematic reviews and metaanalysis have shown that the use of NIV in addition to standard medical therapy significantly reduces in-hospital mortality, the need for invasive ventilation, and the length of stay in hospital, when compared with standard medical therapy alone. Non-invasive ventilation is associated with greater improvements at one hour in pH, PaCO2, and respiratory rate. Ideally, patients who require NIV should be able to protect their airway, be cooperative with (and tolerant of) the technique, and be otherwise medically stable. It must be remembered that COPD with AHRF patients who survive treatment with NIV have a high risk of subsequent death and life-threatening events. At the same time the reported outcome for patients admitted with AHRF secondary to COPD tends to be worse in the group not treated with NIV. However, it is not sufficiently poor to render IMV inappropriate for COPD populations as a whole. A decision on the appropriateness of intubation and mechanical ventilation if NIV fails should be taken before NIV is initiated and this decision should be taken by senior medical staff with input from a critical care physician if necessary. Noninvasive ventilation should not be used as a substitute for tracheal intubation when the latter intervention is clearly more appropriate. In addition, it is suggested that patients with a pH <7·25, or who are candidates for intubation, should be managed on ITU if at all possible, and should certainly have critical care input in their management.
Continuous Glucose Monitors and Programmed Shared Medical Appointments in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among First Nation Women in Australia: A Co-Designed Feasibility Study
Authors: Stevens John , Firth Willow , Dooley Lynne , Longbottom Hayley , Wills Kalinda , Egger Garry , Morgan Bob 
Published: January 2025

First Nations women in Australia diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, co-designed and attended a programmed shared medical appointment that included continuous glucose monitors and culturally responsive food appreciation activities over 8 weekly sessions to improve glycaemic control. The project was a single site, longitudinal change from baseline, mixed methods, feasibility study using HbA1c as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included, weight, metabolic health-related blood panels, CGM, Blood Glucose Levels (BGL) time-in-range percentage, Patient Activation Measure (PAM) and Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) tools and client satisfaction survey and semi focussed interviews. Forty participants commenced and twenty-five participants completed the program (62,5%). Of the completing participants the mean HbA1c had an absolute reduction of 0.7 percentage points ( from baseline to program completion, P = .013). Eighteen (75%) reduced HbA1c and maintained some reduction for 12 months. Seven (28%) achieved remission, HbA1c <6.4% (46 mmol/l) maintained for 12 months. There were statistically significant improvements in weight, systolic blood pressure, liver enzymes, BGL time-in-range, PAM and PAID scores. It is feasible to use programmed shared medical appointments incorporating CGM aiming to improve glycaemic control and other metabolic measures of health among First Nations women in Australia. Trial Registration: The project was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12622000650796. The trial web page = https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12622000650796.aspx .
Glycemia Risk Index is Associated With Risk of Albuminuria Among Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kim Ji Yoon , Yoo Jee Hee , Kim Nam Hoon , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: January 2025

Background: The glycemia risk index (GRI) is a novel composite continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metric composed of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components and is weighted toward extremes. This study aimed to investigate the association between GRI and the risk of albuminuria in type 1 diabetes. Methods: The 90-day CGM tracings of 330 individuals with type 1 diabetes were included in the analysis. Glycemia risk index was divided into five risk zones (A-E), and hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components were divided into quintiles. Albuminuria was defined as a spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. Associations of albuminuria with GRI and its hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components were estimated. Results: Mean GRI and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were 40.9 ± 21.3 and 7.3 ± 1.0%, respectively, and the overall prevalence of albuminuria was 17.6%. Prevalence of albuminuria differed significantly by GRI zone ( P = .023). In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of albuminuria per increase in the GRI zone was 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.41) after adjusting for various factors affecting albuminuria. The association remained significant after adjusting for achievement of the recommended target of time in range (70-180 mg/dL; >70%) or HbA1c (<7%). The hyperglycemia component of GRI was also associated with albuminuria, and the association remained significant even after adjusting for HbA1c level itself (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05-1.98). Conclusions: Glycemia risk index is significantly associated with albuminuria in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Integrative application of licorice root extract and melatonin improves faba bean growth and production in Cd-contaminated saline soil
Authors: Abd El Mageed Shimaa A. , Sayed Ali A. S. , Shaaban Ahmed , Hemida Khaulood A. , Abdelkhalik Abdelsattar , Semida Wael M. , Mohamed Ibrahim A. A. , Gyushi Mohammed A. H. , Elmohsen Yasmine H. Abd , Abd El Mageed Taia A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Globally, salinity poses a threat to crop productivity by hindering plant growth and development via osmotic stress and ionic cytotoxicity. Plant extracts have lately been employed as exogenous adjuvants to improve endogenous plant defense mechanisms when grown under various environmental stresses, such as salinity. This study investigated the potential of melatonin (Mt; 0, 50, and 100 mM) as an antioxidant and licorice root extract (LRE; 0.0 and 3%) as an organic biostimulant applied sequentially as a foliar spray on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated saline soil conditions [Cd = 4.71 (mg kg− 1 soil) and ECe = 7.84 (dS m− 1)]. Plants not receive any treatment and sprayed with H2O were considered controls. The experimental treatments were laid out in strip plot in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice, where the LRE and Mt were considered as vertical and horizontal strips, respectively. Growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, nutrient uptake, physiology and metabolic responses, anatomical features, and yield were assessed.

Results
Cadmium (Cd) and salinity-induced stress significantly altered leaf integrity, photosynthetic efficiency, total soluble sugars (TSS), free proline (FPro), total phenolic, DPPH, and total soluble proteins (TSP), non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, growth characteristics and yield-related traits. However, the application of LRE + Mt considerably improved these negative effects, with higher improvements were observed due to application of LRE + Mt100. Application of LRE + Mt significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, lipid peroxidation and Cd content in leaves and seeds, all of which had increased due to Cd stress. Application of LRE + Mt significantly mitigated the Cd-induced oxidative damage by increasing the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, in parallel with enhanced ascorbate and reducing glutathione content. Exogenous application of LRE + Mt significantly increased osmolyte content, including FPro, TSS, and total phenols and mitigated Cd-induced reduction to considerable levels.

Conclusions
Our findings showed that LRE + Mt increased V. faba plants’ morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, reducing Cd stress toxicity, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Outcomes of an Emergency Department opioid alternatives Program implemented within a safety-net hospital system
Authors: Montague Magda , Hopson Charlotte , Layton Claire , Fishe Jennifer , Norse Ashley , Webb L. Kendall , Duran-Gehring Petra , Bertrand Andrew , Brailsford Jennifer , Munson Taylor , Wang Rui , Menze Nolan , Perl Katelyn , Hendry Phyllis , Sheikh Sophia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States has reinforced the need to provide multimodal and non-opioid pain management interventions. The PAMI-ED ALT program employed a multifaceted approach in the Emergency Department (ED) developing electronic health record (EHR) pain management order panels and discharge panels, as well as educating patients, clinicians, and ED staff on opioid alternatives, including non-pharmacologic interventions. The primary objective of this analysis was to compare changes in opioid and non-opioid analgesic administrations and prescribing in ED patients with select pain conditions (renal colic, headache, low back, and non-low back musculoskeletal pain) before and after implementation of PAMI ED-ALT. Secondary outcomes included characterizing changes in 30-day ED all-cause recidivism and hospital all-cause admissions within these pain populations.

Methods
Demographics, opioid and opioid alternative utilization, hospital admission, 30-day ED returns and change in pain intensity score were collected from January 2019-March 2020 (pre-program implementation) and January 2021-March 2023 (post-program implementation) for both the ED aggregate and program target pain populations.

Results
Pain management order panel utilization increased throughout the post-implementation period. When comparing pre to post program data, there was a reduction in opioid administrations and prescriptions for most of the target pain conditions, as well as within the ED aggregate population. Opioid alternative administrations and prescriptions increased for all pain conditions except renal colic. Hospital admissions decreased significantly amongst those with low back pain and headache/migraine and 30-day ED returns significantly declined in those with musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate an opioid-alternatives program implemented within a safety-net hospital system serving a predominantly socially disadvantaged patient population can lead to changes in ED pain management and potentially reduce 30-day ED recidivism and hospitalizations.
Psychological interventions for refugees with depression: a systematic literature review
Authors: Uhr Cornelia , Pawils Silke , Morina Nexhmedin , Alkailani Heba , Metzner Franka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Ongoing global crises are forcing an increasing number of people to seek refuge in other countries. Refugees have often experienced multiple potentially traumatic events before and during their flight and are burdened by psychosocial problems in exile. Epidemiological research suggests that many refugees suffer from depression and need psychological care. Yet, a systematic review of psychological interventions for refugees with depression is lacking.

Method
After registering in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), a systematic search for trials of psychological interventions for adult refugees with depression was conducted across three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, & PsycINFO). Relevant data reported in original journal publications were extracted, synthesized and assessed qualitatively by two independent raters. The methodological quality of included trials was assessed.

Results
Of 1316 publications, a total of 20 studies met eligibility criteria. Nine of these trials were carried out in an individual setting and ten in a group setting, with one of the trials being conducted digitally. Nine studies were designed as a randomized controlled trial (RCT), with only one of them using an active control group. In nine trials, the use of an interpreter was reported. Three of the trials applied multimodal treatments, and a total of sixteen studies applied manualized treatments. Seventeen interventions were adaptations of treatment programs developed in high income countries within a western context. Overall, nineteen out of twenty trials reported a significant improvement in depressive symptoms. Culturally adapted cognitive behavioural therapy (CA-CBT) was most frequently used (4 RCTs) and produced large effect sizes. Overall, all trials had limitations in study design.

Conclusions
Our current review suggests that psychological interventions, and in particular CA-CBT interventions, can significantly improve depressive symptoms in refugees. However, the small number of trials and limitations in study design underscore the need for more research in this field.
The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42021251943.
Indigenous university students' perceptions regarding nature, their daily lives and climate change: a photovoice study
Authors: Dias Ieda M. A. V. , Grande Antonio Jose , Jardim Paulo T. C. , Machado Alessandra Aparecida Vieira , Soratto Jacks , da Rosa Maria Inês , Ceretta Luciane Bisognin , Roever Leonardo , Zourntos Xanthi , Harding Seeromanie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Climate change has severe health impacts, particularly for populations living in environmentally sensitive areas such as riversides, slopes, and forests. These challenges are exacerbated for Indigenous communities, who often face marginalisation and rely heavily on the land for their livelihoods. Despite their vulnerability, the perspectives of Indigenous populations on climate change and its impacts remain underexplored, creating a critical gap in the literature. This study explored the perceptions of Indigenous Brazilian university students on how climate change affects their daily lives and gathered their insights on potential adaptations to mitigate climate change-related impacts.

Methods
Using a participatory arts-based approach, participants captured photographs reflecting their lived experiences with climate change. Follow-up interviews provided a narrative framework for qualitative analysis, enabling participants to articulate the strengths and concerns of their communities while transcending cultural and linguistic barriers.

Results
The study revealed key themes, including (1) the fragility of ecosystems critical to Indigenous livelihoods, (2) the erosion of traditional knowledge systems due to environmental and social disruptions, and (3) the need for community-driven strategies to protect territories and preserve cultural identities. Participants highlighted the interconnectedness of their cultural values with environmental stewardship, emphasising the importance of maintaining these relationships as a form of resilience.

Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of protecting Indigenous territories and respecting their cultural identities to safeguard their survival and traditions. The voices of Indigenous university students provided valuable insights into community-based adaptations and strategies for mitigating the impacts of climate change.