bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Eight Hand Drill Nails Induced Penetrating Brain Injury
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Thanvi Shailesh , Beniwal Hemant , Thanvi Sharad , Singh Shelly 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Penetrating brain injury (PBI) can be caused by several objects ranging from knives to chopsticks. However, an assault with hand drill while working in a factory is a peculiar accident. Because of its rarity and lack of standard protocol management, the management of PBI is complex.
Case Presentation We presented a case of a 26-year-old male with alleged history of insertion of eight nails from a hand drill machine from right side of head while working in a factory accompanied by loss of consciousness and history of vomiting. Computer tomography demonstrated that nails passed through the right parietal bone and reached up to contralateral hemisphere and posterior cranial fossa. Removal of nails and hematoma evacuation was done timely that led the patient to have a good postoperative recovery.
Conclusion In this case report, we discussed the successful management of a very rare penetrating head injury with a hand drill machine. The goal of this case report is to demonstrate the general management principles in PBI that can improve the patient outcome.
Extending the High-Frequency Bandwidth and Predicting Speech-in-Noise Recognition: Building on the Work of Pat Stelmachowicz
Authors: Monson Brian B. , Trine Allison 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent work has demonstrated that high-frequency (>6 kHz) and extended high-frequency (EHF; >8 kHz) hearing is valuable for speech-in-noise recognition. Several studies also indicate that EHF pure-tone thresholds predict speech-in-noise performance. These findings contradict the broadly accepted “speech bandwidth” that has historically been limited to below 8 kHz. This growing body of work is a tribute to the work of Pat Stelmachowicz, whose research was instrumental in revealing the limitations of the prior speech bandwidth work, particularly for female talkers and child listeners. Here, we provide a historical review that demonstrates how the work of Stelmachowicz and her colleagues paved the way for subsequent research to measure effects of extended bandwidths and EHF hearing. We also present a reanalysis of previous data collected in our lab, the results of which suggest that 16-kHz pure-tone thresholds are consistent predictors of speech-in-noise performance, regardless of whether EHF cues are present in the speech signal. Based on the work of Stelmachowicz, her colleagues, and those who have come afterward, we argue that it is time to retire the notion of a limited speech bandwidth for speech perception for both children and adults.
The Relationship of Plasma Aterogenity Index and Mean Platelet Volume with the Risk of Development of 1-Year Total Major Adverse Cardiac Event in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Allahverdiyev Agil , Koyuncu Irem Muge Akbulut , Kuru Busra , Allahverdiyeva Aytac , Ertas Fatih Sinan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn our study, we aimed to reveal the role of plasma atherogenicity index and mean platelet volume in predicting the risk of developing a 1-year major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).This study, which was planned from the retrospective cross-sectional study model, was performed with 100 patients diagnosed with NSTEMI and scheduled for coronary angiography. The laboratory values of the patients were evaluated, the atherogenicity index of plasma was calculated, and the 1-year MACE status was evaluated.In total, 79 of the patients were male and 21 were female. The average age is 60.8 years. At the end of the first year, the MACE improvement rate was found to be 29%. The PAI value was below 0.11 in 39% of the patients, between 0.11 and 0.21 in 14%, and above 0.21 in 47%. The 1-year MACE development rate was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients and patients with hyperlipidemia. Lymphocyte count and triglyceride values of the patients in the high-risk group of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were found to be higher than the patients in the low-risk group. The neutrophil/lymphocyte, thrombocyte/lymphocyte ratios and high-density lipoprotein values of the patients in the high-risk group of AIP were found to be lower than those in the low-risk group. The rate of MACE development was found to be significantly higher in patients in the high-risk group of AIP (p = 0.02). No correlation was found between the mean platelet volume and the MACE development status.While no significant relationship was found between MPV and MACE in NSTEMI patients, AIP, which includes atherogenic parameters, was found to be correlated with MACE.
Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy for fast local magnetic field measurements of magnetized fusion plasmas
Authors: Burke M. G. , Fonck R. J. , Mckee G. R. , Winz G. R. 
Published: March 2023

A novel spectroscopy diagnostic for measuring internal magnetic fields in high temperature magnetized plasmas has been developed. It involves spectrally resolving the Balmer-α (656 nm) neutral beam radiation split by the motional Stark effect with a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS). The unique combination of high optical throughput (3.7 mm2sr) and spectral resolution (δλ ∼ 0.1 nm) allows these measurements to be made with time resolution ≪1 ms. The high throughput is effectively utilized by incorporating a novel geometric Doppler broadening compensation technique in the spectrometer. The technique significantly reduces the spectral resolution penalty inherent to using large area, high-throughput optics while still collecting the large photon flux provided by such optics. In this work, fluxes of order 1010 s−1 support the measurement of deviations of &lt;5 mT (ΔλStark ∼ 10−4 nm) in the local magnetic field with 50 µs time resolution. Example high time resolution measurements of the pedestal magnetic field throughout the ELM cycle of a DIII-D tokamak plasma are presented. Local magnetic field measurements give access to the dynamics of the edge current density, which is essential to understanding stability limits, edge localized mode generation and suppression, and predicting performance of H-mode tokamaks.
A method and its validation for measuring the absolute time-delay of the read-out system of a space electrostatic accelerometer
Authors: Li Duo , Chang Xin , Yu Jianbo , Bai Yanzheng , Wang Chengrui , Zhou Zebing 
Published: March 2023

High-precision accelerometers play an important role in satellite gravity field missions to measure the non-conservative forces acting on the satellites. To map the Earth’s gravity field, the accelerometer data must be time-tagged using the on-board global navigation satellite system time reference. For example, in the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission, the time-tag error of the accelerometers must be within 0.1 ms with respect to the satellite clock. To realize this requirement, the time delay between the actual measurement time and the nominal time of the accelerometer should be considered and corrected. This paper presents the techniques for measuring the absolute time delay of an electrostatic accelerometer on the ground, where this delay is mainly introduced by the low-noise scientific data read-out system, which is based on a Σ–Δ (sigma–delta) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). First, the time-delay sources of the system are theoretically analyzed. Then, a time-delay measurement method is proposed, and its principle and system error are presented. Finally, a prototype is built to demonstrate and investigate the feasibility of the method. Experimental results show that the absolute time delay of the read-out system is 150.80 ± 0.04 ms. This important value is the basis for the final time-tag error correction of the scientific accelerometer data. Meanwhile, the time-delay measurement method described in this paper is also useful for other data acquisition systems.
On the non-minimal coupling of magnetic fields with gravity in Schwarzschild spacetime
Authors: Ravi Kumar , Pavlović Petar , Saveliev Andrey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work we study the effects of non-minimal coupling between electromagnetism and gravity, which are motivated by quantum effects such as vacuum polarization. We investigate the modification of both asymptotically dipole and uniform magnetic fields around a Schwarzschild black hole that come as the result of non-minimal coupling. While in both cases the magnetic field gets enhanced or suppressed with respect to the case of minimal coupling, depending on the sign of non-minimal coupling parameter, in the case of a background uniform magnetic field the direction of the magnetic field also alters in the vicinity of the black hole horizon. We have discussed the possible astrophysical and cosmological sources for which the vacuum polarization may be at play, while also discussing the observational effects, in particular the possibility of synchrotron radiation from the vicinity of a black hole. We conclude that such observations could be used to constrain the value of the non-minimal coupling parameter.
The classical Aharonov–Bohm interaction as a relativity paradox
Authors: Boyer Timothy H 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe situation of a charged particle passing down the symmetry axis through a magnetic toroid presents a relativity paradox; different inertial frames suggest different forces on the charge and on the toroid due to the unperturbed systems. We review the charge-toroid interaction and suggest that the magnetic Aharonov–Bohm situation is misunderstood because of unfamiliarity with the acceleration fields following from the Darwin Lagrangian, which go unmentioned in recent textbooks of classical electromagnetism.
Various methods for solving the pursuit problem with two objects on a plane
Authors: Mančev Ivan , Kostić Ljiljana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We shall consider the classical problem of pursuit which can be described as follows. If object A (the pursued) moves along a known trajectory, then object B (the pursuer) which has a higher speed describes a pursuit trajectory (the chase trajectory) if B is always directed towards A. This article examines only the simplest two-dimensional case where the pursued moves rectilinearly, both the pursuer and the pursued have constant velocities, and the speed of the pursuer is γ times greater than that of the pursued. The different methods for solving the pursuit problem on a plane presented in this article require various levels of knowledge in mathematics as well as basic principles of two-dimensional kinematics. By learning pursuit problem, undergraduate students will be trained to solve the more complicated problems associated with this. On the other hand, the pursuit problem is convenient for Problem Based Learning as well as opportunity for animation of pursuit curves.
Minimally driven Kapitza oscillator: a pedagogical perspective from Newtonian mechanics and geometry
Authors: Pal Mainak 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The unstable top-equilibrium point of a simple pendulum turns stable when its pivot point is given a fast and strong enough vertical vibration. Known as the Kapitza oscillator, it has four symmetrically spaced points of equilibrium in absence of gravity, out of which two are stable and two are unstable. This article, completely based on a geometric argument and an elementary intuition in Newtonian mechanics, is a visual and pedagogical exposition of (a) why the oscillator has four symmetrically spaced equilibrium points in absence of gravity, (b) which of them are stable or unstable, (c) why they are so and (d) how the stability, position and number of the equilibrium points change when gravity is turned on gradually along the line of vibration of the pivot of the oscillator. A minimal impulsive drive of the pivot is sufficient to illustrate the bare bones of the phenomenon. I propose a construction that can sustain the minimal drive passively in absence of dissipative forces, or actively if all dissipative forces cannot be eliminated. In either of the cases, the discussed arguments apply.
Effect of porous heat transfer model on different equivalent thermal dose methods considering an experiment-based nanoparticle distribution during magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Tang Yundong , Wang Yuesheng , Flesch Rodolfo C C , Jin Tao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia damages malignant cells by keeping the therapeutic temperature within a specific range after magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are exposed to an alternating magnetic field. The temperature distribution inside bio-tissue is usually predicted by a classic Pennes bio-heat transfer equation, which considers a heat source due to a homogeneous distribution for MNPs. Aiming at this problem, this study compares the Pennes model to a porous heat transfer model, named local thermal non-equilibrium equation, by considering an experiment-based MNPs distribution, and evaluates the thermal damage degree for malignant tissue by two different thermal dose methods. In addition, this study evaluates the effect of porosity and different blood perfusion rates on both effective treatment temperature and equivalent thermal dose. Simulation results demonstrate that different bio-heat transfer models can result in significant differences in both the treatment temperature profile and the thermal damage degree for tumor region under the same power dissipation of MNPs. Furthermore, scenarios considering a temperature-dependent blood perfusion rate or a lower porosity can have a positive effect on the temperature distribution inside tumor, while having a lower value in the maximum equivalent thermal dose in both thermal dose evaluation methods.
Effect of Y-doping on switching mechanisms and impedance spectroscopy of HfO
x
-based RRAM devices
Authors: Bai Jiao , Xie Weiwei , Qu Dehao , Wei Shengsheng , Li Yue , Qin Fuwen , Ji Min , Wang Dejun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Y-doping can effectively improve the performance of HfO
x
-based resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices, but the underlying physical mechanism of Y-doping affecting the performance of HfO
x
-based memristors is still missing and unclear. Although impedance spectroscopy (IS) has been widely used to investigate impedance characteristics and switching mechanisms of RRAM devices, there is less IS analysis on Y-doped HfO
x
-based RRAM devices as well as devices at different temperatures. Here, the effect of Y-doping on the switching mechanism of HfO
x
-based RRAM devices with a Ti/HfO
x
/Pt structure were reported using current–voltage characteristics and IS. The results indicated that doping Y into HfO
x
films could decrease the forming/operate voltage and improve the RS uniform. Both doped and undoped HfO
x
-based RRAM devices obeyed the oxygen vacancies (V
O) conductive filament model along the grain boundary (GB). Additionally, the GB resistive activation energy of the Y-doped device was inferior to that of the undoped device. It exhibited a shift of the V
O trap level towards the conduction band bottom after Y-doping in the HfO
x
film, which was the main reason for the improved RS performance.
Investigation of ultrafast demagnetization and Gilbert damping and their correlation in different ferromagnetic thin films grown under identical conditions
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Suchetana , Majumder Sudip , Narayan Panda Surya , Barman Anjan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Following the demonstration of laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic nickel, several theoretical and phenomenological propositions have sought to uncover its underlying physics. In this work we revisit the three temperature model (3TM) and the microscopic three temperature model (M3TM) to perform a comparative analysis of ultrafast demagnetization in 20 nm thick cobalt, nickel and permalloy thin films measured using an all-optical pump-probe technique. In addition to the ultrafast dynamics at the femtosecond timescales, the nanosecond magnetization precession and damping are recorded at various pump excitation fluences revealing a fluence-dependent enhancement in both the demagnetization times and the damping factors. We confirm that the Curie temperature to magnetic moment ratio of a given system acts as a figure of merit for the demagnetization time, while the demagnetization times and damping factors show an apparent sensitivity to the density of states at the Fermi level for a given system. Further, from numerical simulations of the ultrafast demagnetization based on both the 3TM and the M3TM, we extract the reservoir coupling parameters that best reproduce the experimental data and estimate the value of the spin flip scattering probability for each system. We discuss how the fluence-dependence of inter-reservoir coupling parameters so extracted may reflect a role played by nonthermal electrons in the magnetization dynamics at low laser fluences.
Recent advances in highly accelerated 3D MRI
Authors: Zhou Yihang , Wang Haifeng , Liu Congcong , Liao Binyu , Li Ye , Zhu Yanjie , Hu Zhangqi , Liao Jianxiang , Liang Dong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional MRI has gained increasing popularity in various clinical applications due to its improved through-plane spatial resolution, which enhances the detection of subtle abnormalities and provides valuable clinical information. However, the long data acquisition time and high computational cost pose significant challenges for 3D MRI. In this comprehensive review article, we aim to summarize the latest advancements in accelerated 3D MR techniques. Covering over 200 remarkable research studies conducted over the past 20 years, we explore the development of MR signal excitation and encoding, advancements in reconstruction algorithms, and potential clinical applications. We hope that this survey serves as a valuable resource, providing insights into the current state of the field and serving as a guide for future research in accelerated 3D MRI.
Foundations of machine learning for low-temperature plasmas: methods and case studies
Authors: Bonzanini Angelo D , Shao Ketong , Graves David B , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Mesbah Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence have proven to be an invaluable tool in tackling a vast array of scientific, engineering, and societal problems. The main drivers behind the recent proliferation of ML in practically all aspects of science and technology can be attributed to: (a) improved data acquisition and inexpensive data storage; (b) exponential growth in computing power; and (c) availability of open-source software and resources that have made the use of state-of-the-art ML algorithms widely accessible. The impact of ML on the field of low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) could be particularly significant in the emerging applications that involve plasma treatment of complex interfaces in areas ranging from the manufacture of microelectronics and processing of quantum materials, to the LTP-driven electrification of the chemical industry, and to medicine and biotechnology. This is primarily due to the complex and poorly-understood nature of the plasma-surface interactions in these applications that pose unique challenges to the modeling, diagnostics, and predictive control of LTPs. As the use of ML is becoming more prevalent, it is increasingly paramount for the LTP community to be able to critically analyze and assess the concepts and techniques behind data-driven approaches. To this end, the goal of this paper is to provide a tutorial overview of some of the widely-used ML methods that can be useful, amongst others, for discovering and correlating patterns in the data that may be otherwise impractical to decipher by human intuition alone, for learning multivariable nonlinear data-driven prediction models that are capable of describing the complex behavior of plasma interacting with interfaces, and for guiding the design of experiments to explore the parameter space of plasma-assisted processes in a systematic and resource-efficient manner. We illustrate the utility of various supervised, unsupervised and active learning methods using LTP datasets consisting of commonly-available, information-rich measurements (e.g. optical emission spectra, current–voltage characteristics, scanning electron microscope images, infrared surface temperature measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectra). All the ML demonstrations presented in this paper are carried out using open-source software; the datasets and codes are made publicly available. The FAIR guiding principles for scientific data management and stewardship can accelerate the adoption and development of ML in the LTP community.
Low temperature atomic hydrogen annealing of InGaAs MOSFETs
Authors: Olausson Patrik , Yadav Rohit , Timm Rainer , Lind Erik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent work showing a strong quality improvement of the Si/SiO2 material system by low temperature atomic hydrogen annealing (AHA), and the fact that III–V semiconductors outperform Si in many applications makes the investigation of AHA on III–V/high-k interfaces to a very interesting topic. In this work, the potential of AHA as a low temperature annealing treatment of InGaAs metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors is presented and compared to conventional annealing in a rapid thermal process (RTP) system using forming gas. It is found that post metal annealing in atomic hydrogen greatly enhances the quality of the metal–oxide–semiconductor structure in terms of effective mobility, minimum subthreshold swing, and reliability. The device performance is comparable to RTP annealing but can be performed at a lower temperature, which opens up for integration of more temperature-sensitive materials in the device stack.
Rational and semi-rational solution to the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Boussinesq-like equation
Authors: Ma Hongcai , Chen Xiaoyu , Deng Aiping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the paper, we take the (3+1)-dimensional KP-Boussinesq-like equation as an instance and utilize long wave limit approach to generate rational solution and semi-rational solution from the N-order soliton solution. For N = 2, 3, with specific parametric constraints, we have constructed rational solutions which can be presented as first order line rogue wave and single breather from two-soliton solution, and semi-rational solution is classified as first order kink-shaped rogue wave and a hybrid of breather and one soliton from three-soliton solution. For N = 4, the rational solution includes second order line rogue wave, double breather, interaction between two breathers and a hybrid of breather and line rogue wave. The semi-rational solution contains second order kink-shaped rogue wave and interaction between breather, soliton and line rogue wave. In addition, we give mathematical expressions for higher N-order rational solution.