bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the utility of the HAS‐BLED bleeding‐estimator tool for transurethral resection of prostate
Authors: Kuo Lu Yu , Lim Zhong Li Titus , Letch Caitlin , Silverman Joshua , Kim Jason Jae Yeun , McClintock Scott 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of the HAS‐BLED bleeding risk‐estimation tool to predict for clinically significant postoperative haematuria in patients receiving transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).Patients and MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective cohort analysis of patients underwent TURP from April 2019 to December 2023 for treatment of symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia. The primary objective was to evaluate reliability of HAS‐BLED score in predicting postoperative bleeding event. A focus sub‐analysis was performed on anticoagulated patient cohort. Each patient was categorised in to HASBLED low‐, moderate‐ and high‐risk group according to the preestablished estimator tool. Patients' demographics, clinical, pathological and operative details were collected. Events of clinically significant haematuria within 3 months postoperatively were captured. Cohort characteristics and outcome were analysed with two‐sided t test and ANOVA test. Further weight‐adjusted multivariable analysis and ROC curve was performed to evaluate the predictive value of HAS‐BLED score.ResultsOur analysis showed that patients assigned as high‐risk by HAS‐BLED were at 2.17‐times higher chance of developing clinically significant haematuria compared to the low‐risk patients. The risk for high‐risk patient was 18.5% (95%CI 11.7–25.3%) and 8.5% (95%CI 4.6–12.4%) for low‐risk patients. Moderate‐risk did not demonstrate any significant difference relative to the low‐risk group. Sub‐analysis of 113 patients receiving long‐term anticoagulation accentuates the utility of the tool. The risk of haematuria for high‐risk patient was 32.7% (95%CI 20.7–44.7%), moderate‐risk patient was 28.7% (95%CI 17.0–40.3%), and low‐risk patient was 9.7% (95%CI 4.2–15.2%). In this cohort, the risk of haematuria was 3.37 and 2.96 times higher in the high and moderate‐risk compared to the low‐risk group, respectively.ConclusionThis is the first study to validate a bleeding estimator tool for TURP patients. High HAS‐BLED score positively predicts clinically significant post‐TURP haematuria, particularly for patients receiving anticoagulation therapy.
Development of High‐Efficiency BaSrCaWO6:Mn4+ Red‐Emitting Phosphors via La3+ Addition Strategy
Authors: Dong Jing , Li Jingwei , Hu Chengli , Yin Pengfei , Feng Xing , Zhou Cuiping , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a series of BaSrCaWO6:x%Mn4+, y%La3+ (x = 0.1, 0.5, 0.6, 1.5; y = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20) red‐emitting phosphors were synthesized by the high‐temperature solid‐state method. The structure and optical properties of the samples were systematically studied by the characterizations of x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV–Vis spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra, and quantum efficiency (QE). It was found that the addition of La3+ ions plays significant roles on the luminous performance of phosphors as compared with the nonluminous BaSrCaWO6:Mn (BSCW:Mn), which can be attributed to the Mn2+ → Mn4+ oxidation process induced by La3+ doping. The BSCW:0.5%Mn, 15%La3+ phosphor exhibited a strong emission peak at 685 nm with a CIE chromaticity coordinate at (0.720, 0.279), which is suitable for application in indoor plant cultivations. The BSCW:0.5%Mn, 15%La3+ phosphor exhibited an IQE of 47.8% and a high absorption efficiency of 72.8% with the EQE of 34.8%. Besides, the phosphor also showed the thermal stability with the emission intensity at 423 K being 48% of the emission intensity at 298 K. These results indicate that the synthesized BSCW:0.5%Mn, 15%La3+ phosphor could be a potential phosphor to be applied in plant growth LEDs.
Direct conversion of esters to aldehydes and ketones via piperazine amide under mild conditions
Authors: Kwak Jae Seok , Jaladi Ashok Kumar , An Duk Keun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAldehydes and ketones are basic, versatile intermediates used in organic synthesis. Various substituted aldehydes and ketones were directly prepared from carboxylic esters under mild conditions with excellent yields. The in situ generated aminolysis intermediate, piperazine‐1,4‐diylbis(phenylmethanone) amide, is readily reacted with commercial DIBALH and n‐BuLi to obtain carbonyls in a one‐pot reaction. The key amide intermediate was obtained in quantitative yield among the screened secondary amines. Hence, the formation of piperazine amide from the ester group, eliminated the utility of cryogenic temperatures and reduction proceeded under mild conditions. In addition, gram‐scale preparation of aldehyde and ketone was reported in good yields.
Green Policies, Greener Wallets: How Cap‐and‐Trade Regulation Affects Cost of Capital
Authors: Hu Mingyu , Hu Zilin , Wu Qingyang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs one of the most efficient regulations on climate abatement, the cap‐and‐trade mechanism has been broadly adopted to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Although there are common concerns about the nexus between environmental regulations and financial markets, this paper investigates how cap‐and‐trade policy affects companies' cost of equity (COE) and cost of debt (COD) and explores the underlying mechanisms. By merging nationwide data from China's listed companies and exploiting the staggered introduction of cap‐and‐trade pilots as a quasi‐natural experiment, we apply a propensity score matching and difference‐in‐differences framework. We find robust evidence that cap‐and‐trade policy significantly decreases companies' COE by 0.341% and COD by 0.492%, respectively. The reduction in capital costs makes cap‐and‐trade an attractive policy that can ease financing burdens, promote sustainable investment, and facilitate green transformation toward carbon neutrality. Mechanism analyses suggest that cap‐and‐trade regulation affects cost of capital through environmental information disclosure and current ratio. This study enriches the literature on comprehensive outcomes of cap‐and‐trade regulation in emerging economies and offers implications for regulators, managers, and stakeholders navigating the transition toward a net‐zero future.
Assessing Urban Freight Tours: A Machine Learning and Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Approach for Logistics Management
Authors: Chakravarthy Sakthivelan , Kishore Aakanksha , Prabhakaran Sathiya , Venkadavarahan Marimuthu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe main aim of this study is to assess urban freight tours through integrating machine learning with the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). The research captures supply chain operations using the Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) model with real‐time data from surveys and Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking. These predictions were analysed using LCSA to assess the sustainability impacts of Hydrogen Fuel Light Commercial Vehicles (HFLCVs) and Electric Light Commercial Vehicles (ELCVs) compared to traditional fuel‐based vehicles. HFLCVs show remarkable reductions in ecosystem and health damage by 58% and 61%, indicating substantial environmental and health benefits. Findings suggest that strategic investment in hydrogen‐fuel and electric LCVs can significantly decrease operational costs and environmental impacts, making them crucial for advancing sustainable urban logistics. This research highlights the benefits and possibilities of using an integrated data‐driven approach to achieve urban sustainability, thus creating an urgency to shift policies favouring green urban freight systems.
Catalytic Reduction of Imines with Silylformates: Formation of Silyl Carbamates through CO2 Insertion
Authors: Thyagarajan Neethu , Buhaibeh Ruqaya , Nicolas Emmanuel , Cantat Thibault 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSilylformates are emerging surrogates of hydrosilanes, able to reduce carbonyl groups in transfer hydrosilylation reactions, with the concomitant release of CO2. In this work, a new reactivity is revealed for silylformates, in the presence of imines. Using ruthenium catalysts, and lithium iodide as a co‐catalyst, imines are shown to undergo hydrocarboxysilylation by formal insertion of CO2 to the N−Si bond of silyl amine to yield silyl carbamates in excellent yields.
Mass transfer resistance of CuCl2 hydrolysis in a fixed bed reactor
Authors: Perera Dilum , Pope Kevin , Naterer Greg F. , Hawboldt Kelly A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe hydrolysis reaction of the copper‐chlorine (Cu‐Cl) cycle is examined in this paper to better understand the corresponding reaction kinetics and mass transfer resistance. The experiment was operated at a temperature of 390°C at atmospheric pressure. The reaction is heterogeneous in which solid reactant CuCl2 and gaseous reactant H2O produce Cu2OCl2 (s) and HCl(g). Heterogeneous behaviour of the reaction causes a resistance to mass transfer of gaseous reactant H2O. The resistance in internal diffusion and a surface reaction with mass transfer was analyzed with respect to the initial solid reactant particle size using a shrinking core model (SCM). The experimentally determined reaction and conversion rates of hydrolysis reaction with respect to time are presented.
Modifiable risk factors and symptom progression in dementia over up to 8 years—Results of the DelpHi‐MV trial
Authors: Blotenberg Iris , Wittström Felix , Michalowsky Bernhard , Platen Moritz , Wucherer Diana , Teipel Stefan , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Thyrian Jochen René 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study investigated the association between modifiable factors and symptom progression in dementia over up to 8 years.METHODSMultilevel growth curve models assessed the role of modifiable risk factors (low education, hearing impairment and its treatment, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes and its treatment, smoking, hypertension and its treatment, obesity, alcohol consumption, social isolation, and visual impairment) on cognitive and functional trajectories in 353 people with dementia.RESULTSHigher education was associated with higher initial cognitive status but faster decline. Antidiabetic medication was associated with slower cognitive decline, whereas depression and visual impairment were linked to low baseline functioning and faster cognitive decline.DISCUSSIONSeveral modifiable risk factors influenced symptom progression. Education initially had a protective effect, whereas depressive symptoms were linked to worse symptom progression. Treatment of comorbidities (diabetes, visual impairment) could have a positive impact on dementia symptoms. Modifiable risk factors are promising targets for tertiary prevention.Highlights
Modifiable risk factors were associated with symptom progression in dementia over up to 8 years.
More education was associated with higher initial cognitive status but faster decline.
Depressive symptoms were linked to less favorable symptom progression.
Treatment of comorbidities (diabetes, visual impairment) may positively impact the course of symptoms.
Modifiable risk factors are promising targets for tertiary prevention.
From treetops to river bottoms: Exploring the role of phyllosphere fungi in aquatic fungal communities
Authors: Ochs Callie , Hayer Michaela , Schwartz Egbert , Hungate Bruce , Marks Jane 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFungi play a crucial role in aquatic leaf litter decomposition. Aquatic fungi have long been thought to spend the majority of their lives in the water. Here, we explore the possibility of an amphibious life cycle, where phyllosphere fungi spend part of their life cycle in aquatic systems. We used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fungal sequencing to follow phyllosphere fungi onto submerged litter, and quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) to differentiate active and inactive fungi. We found that around 30% of fungi active on aquatic litter entered the stream with the leaf and that these phyllosphere fungi were as active, if not more active than, as the fungi colonizing from the water column. These results demonstrate that phyllosphere fungi are an important part of aquatic fungal communities.
Self‐Trapped Exciton Emission Based on Halogen‐Substituted Metal Halides
Authors: Wei Wenqing , Liu Mei , Zhang Wanxu , Zheng Yongzhuo , Lu Yurui , Guo Fengwan , Wang Juan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecently, organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIHMs) have been effective white light emitters. Still, the toxicity and instability of lead halides limit their applications. Sb has a relatively similar structure to Pb making it a better substitution. In this work, we synthesized zero‐dimensional antimony‐based OIMHs (BTBAC)2SbCl5 and (BTBAB)2SbBr5 [BTBA+ (BTBA+=benzyl tributyl ammonium ion)]. The chloride photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 72.69 % and that of bromide is 17.33 %. Spectral tunability from red to yellow is observed after halogen substitution. Density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations show that halogens change the bandgap structure from (BTBAC)2SbCl5 direct bandgap to (BTBAB)2SbBr5 indirect bandgap. In addition, (BTBAC)2SbCl5 has excellent thermal stability at 455.15 K and optical properties with strong electron‐phonon coupling producing broadband self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission. By mixing (BTBAC)2SbCl5 with a commercial phosphor, a white LED with a color rendering index of 87 was created. We have demonstrated the photoluminescence properties of OIMH materials in terms of the series of halogen atoms. This work injects new innovative ideas for the design of novel photoluminescent materials.
Genetic Improvement of Banana for Resistance to Xanthomonas Wilt in East Africa
Authors: Musabyemungu Anastasie , Tripathi Jaindra Nath , Muiruri Samwel K. , Gaidashova Svetlana V. , Rukundo Placide , Tripathi Leena 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBanana (Musa spp.) is a staple food and income generation crop, feeding millions worldwide. However, the cultivation of bananas is challenging due to biotic and abiotic production constraints. Among these factors are pests and diseases, especially banana bacterial disease. Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pathovar musacearum (Xcm), has the most significant detrimental economic effect on East African banana production. The infection of BXW is rapid and severe; its impact increases over time and causes huge banana yield losses. The Xcm infects and causes disease in all types of bananas except the wild diploid type Musa balbisiana, which is resistant boosting plant immunity for controlling Xcm and other diseases in bananas. Resistant cultivars are the best promising management option for controlling Xcm and other diseases in bananas. All the cultivated bananas are sterile, and have a long generation cycle, which complicates their improvement through conventional breeding. Biotechnological approaches to banana improvement can complement conventional breeding by overcoming some of its challenges. Additionally, genetic engineering could speed up the process of crop improvement, especially for sterile seedless crops like bananas. It is also specific to the target gene and precise modification that avoids unwanted genes in the normal breeding process. Recent developments using genetic engineering and genome editing on bananas have been initiated to tackle these issues. This review article focuses on the challenges of traditional breeding and the progress of genetic engineering and genome editing approaches, aiming to enhance understanding of achieving an essential genetic gain of bananas against the BXW. This understanding is crucial for enhancing food security in East Africa and globally.
Petrogenesis and Tectonic Setting of the Xishan Pluton in Nanling Range: Lithogeochemistry, Zircon U–Pb Chronology and Hf Isotope Evidence
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Yang Wei , Fu Jianming , Lu Youyue , Cheng Shunbo , Qin Zhengwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, a systematic LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb geochronology study was carried out on the Xishan pluton in Nanling Range. The results show that the formation ages of granitic porphyroclastic lava, medium‐fine‐grained porphyritic granite, and dacite are 154.0 ± 1.2–156.1 ± 2.0, 153.2 ± 0.9–157.3 ± 3.2, and 151.2 ± 3.1 Ma, which are determined to be the early Yanshanian. Geochemical data show that the Xishan pluton was characterised by rich silicone‐alkali and poor calcium–magnesium with K2O/Na2O ratios of 1.65–2.22, Al2O3 of 1.00–1.14, and FeO*/MgO ratios of 8.33–19.0 (with an average of 12.94). The rare earth content of granites ranges from 322.92 to 441.54 ppm, which is significantly higher than the world average. The rare earth element distribution curve is right‐leaning light rare earth enrichment type, with obvious negative europium anomaly, and the δEu values range from 0.06 to 0.24; These rocks are enriched in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Ga, Y, Nb, Zr, and Hf) and depleted elements such as Ba, Nd, Sr, P, Ti, etc, with Ga/Al ratios of 2.95 × 10−4 to 4.59 × 10−4 (with an average of 3.50 × 10−4); Zr + Nb + Ce + Y of 367.1–652.5 ppm (with an average of 441.95 ppm) and zircon saturation temperatures Tzr is 755.04°C–892.50°C (with an average of 810.04°C), similar to geochemical features of A‐type granites. The Hf isotope study shows that the εHf(t) of the Xishan pluton ranges from 2.11 to −8.77, and the petrographic, geochemical and available data confirm that it originates from the mixing of crustal and mantle‐derived magma, and the contribution of the latter is < 10%. The hafnium II model age of the Xishan pluton is 1251–1766 Ma, which confirms that its source rocks were detached from the mantle reservoir at the time of the Middle Proterozoic. Combined with the evolutionary history of the Nanling Range area, it is assumed that the Jiangnan Orogenic Zone was partially reactivated by the continuous lateral subduction of the ancient Pacific Plate in the Late Mesozoic, which triggered partial melting of the crust to form the A2‐type granite type, which is the origin of the Xishan pluton.
Risk Factors and Patterns of Drug‐Drug Interactions in Two Categories of Level‐3 Hospitals in Dhaka: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Samadd Md. Abdus , Patwary Farhan Tanvir , Islam Md Momin , Munia Ashfia Tasnim , Sikdar K. M. Yasif Kayes , Sarkar Md. Raihan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsDrug‐drug interactions (DDIs) are a significant health issue that may adversely affect the health and well‐being of patients. This study assesses and compares potential DDI (pDDI) patterns, severity, and associated risk factors in government and private hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsA total of 188 and 206 prescriptions were collected from various government and private hospitals' outdoor departments, respectively, by capturing pictures of the prescriptions. Bivariate analyses were performed through STATA 15. MedScape drug interaction checker was applied to identify pDDIs, while their consequences were obtained from DrugBank and MedScape.ResultsPrivate hospitals had more pDDIs containing prescriptions than government hospitals (62.62% and 57.97%, respectively). The mean pDDIs cases were 3.29 in the private hospitals, while at government hospitals they were 3.02. Among the detected pDDIs, pharmacodynamic pDDIs were predominat, accounting for 63.32% and 66.23% of total events in government and private hospitals, respectively. Severity‐wise, both types of hospitals had almost equal amounts of serious (10.34% vs. 9.18%), moderate (68.96% vs. 59.61%), and minor (20.06% vs. 21.79%) pDDIs. Polypharmacy was crucial in pDDI cases, responsible for 70.21% and 81.83% of pDDIs in government and private hospitals, respectively. Multiple comorbidities with pDDIs were more common in private hospitals (24.46% vs. 18.93%), while government hospitals displayed a higher frequency of pDDIs with one comorbidity (24.75% vs. 17.55%). Non‐mention of comorbidities was correlated with both types of hospitals (p ≤ 0.01) in pDDIs cases. Furthermore, considerable amounts of pDDIs in prescription error categories were detected. Both types of hospitals had a prevalence of antihypertensive, antidiabetic, psychotic, and antiplatelet‐related pDDIs.ConclusionThe two kinds of hospitals exhibited similar pDDI patterns, while their associations were random with the risk variables. When prescribing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pDDIs, physicians should evaluate the risk‐benefit ratio.
Soret‐Induced Convection in a Layered Porous Medium Simulating an Anticlinal Geological Fold Under the Action of a Geothermal Temperature Gradient
Authors: Lyubimova Tatyana , Shubenkov Ivan , Ozhgibesova Nadezhda 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe paper is devoted to the investigation of three‐dimensional Soret‐induced convection in a three‐layer porous system imitating an anticlinal geological fold, under the influence of a geothermal temperature gradient. The layer porosities are the same and the permeabilities are different. The mixture of tetralin and dodecane is considered as a fluid saturating the porous medium. First, we study the linear stability of the motionless state of a binary mixture in an inclined porous layer under the vertical temperature gradient. It is found that at any layer inclination angle, the most dangerous disturbances are longitudinal rolls with finite wave numbers in perpendicular direction. With the system parameters under consideration, the presence of an impurity can change the convection threshold in both directions depending on the layer inclination angle. The threshold change can reach 26%. Nonlinear calculations are performed for fixed permeabilities of the external layers, lower than the threshold value according to the linear theory. Calculations have shown that after a long period of time from the beginning of the process (about 500 years or more for lower permeabilities), a flow arises. The development of a steady flow occurs over a long period of up to 6000 years. It is found that at small permeabilities of all layers, arising flow has a longwave character. With the increase of permeability of the middle layer (higher than ), the flow in the plane of a geological fold limbs takes the form of longitudinal rolls and in the perpendicular direction the flow structure becomes multicellular, this flow structure well corresponds to the linear stability results. The flow is localized in the middle layer and significantly influences the concentration field.