bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
House modifications as a malaria control tool: how does local context shape participants’ experience and interpretation in Uganda?
Authors: Kayendeke Miriam , Nabirye Christine , Nayiga Susan , Westercamp Nelli , Gonahasa Samuel , Katureebe Agaba , Kamya Moses R. , Staedke Sarah G. , Hutchinson Eleanor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Evidence that house design can provide protection from malaria is growing. Housing modifications such as screening windows, doors, and ceilings, and attaching insecticide-impregnated materials to the eaves (the gap between the top of the wall and bottom of the roof), can protect against malaria. To be effective at scale, however, these modifications must be adopted by household residents. There is evidence that housing modifications can be acceptable, but in-depth knowledge on the experiences and interpretation of modifications is lacking. This qualitative study was carried out to provide a holistic account of the relationship between experiences and interpretations of four types of piloted housing modifications and the local context in Jinja, Uganda.

Methods
Qualitative research was conducted between January to June 2021, before and during the installation of four types of housing modifications. The methods included nine weeks of participant observations in two study villages, nine focus group discussions with primary caregivers and heads of households (11–12 participants each), and nine key informant interviews with stakeholders and study team members.

Results
Most residents supported the modifications. Experiences and interpretation of the housing modifications were shaped by the different types of housing in the area and the processes through which residents finished their houses, local forms of land and property ownership, and cultural and spiritual beliefs about houses.

Conclusions
To maximize the uptake and benefit of housing modifications against malaria, programme development needs to take local context into account. Forms of local land and house ownership, preferences, the social significance of housing types, and religious and spiritual ideas shape the responses to housing modifications in Jinja. These factors may be important in other setting.
Trial registration Trial registration number is NCT04622241. The first draft was posted on November 9th 2020.
Primary care pediatricians and job satisfaction: a cross sectional study in the Lazio region
Authors: Sapienza Martina , Furia Giuseppe , La Regina Domenico Paolo , Grimaldi Valentina , Tarsitano Maria Grazia , Patrizi Cristina , Capelli Giovanni ,   Rome OMCeO Group, Magi Antonio , De Lillo Stefano , Tirelli Guido Coen , Damiani Gianfranco 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The Order of Physicians and Dentists of the Province of Rome aims at focusing on the satisfaction of healthcare personnel as an essential factor for the quality of medical care in the health sector. The aim of this study is to assess and prioritize the factors that can be linked to a higher or lower degree of job satisfaction in Primary Care Pediatricians (PCPs).

Methods
This study is a cross sectional survey. A questionnaire was administered to all primary care pediatricians registered to the Order, exploring in particular the work activity organization, the level of satisfaction in their professional life, and the level of perceived health. A pilot activity was conducted to validate the questionnaire. Fisher exact test and ordinal logistic regression (ologit) models were used for the univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
The highest level of job dissatisfaction, in both men and women, was found to be in the practice type without any form of association; among women, it reached an even higher level for those who had their own practice at a distance of 20–40 km from their home. Women, compared to men, maintained a lower level of job satisfaction also while working in Pediatric Primary Care Units (PPCUs). In PPCUs, for the same distance, females showed a more similar pattern to males. Men working in PPCUs, regardless of distance, declared a higher degree of job satisfaction. Both men and women, working as a group pediatrician or in PPCUs, did not show a significant difference in the level of job satisfaction.

Conclusions
The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors that may influence levels of career satisfaction in female and male PCPs. Therefore, research and interventions regarding job satisfaction should foster an organizational network connection among PCPs for their job and individual well-being, from a perspective of enhancing patient care. A major effort to improve work-life balance and career satisfaction among women is important, suggesting that interventions for improving job satisfaction could benefit from a gender-specific approach.
An active learning approach to train a deep learning algorithm for tumor segmentation from brain MR images
Authors: Boehringer Andrew S. , Sanaat Amirhossein , Arabi Hossein , Zaidi Habib 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study focuses on assessing the performance of active learning techniques to train a brain MRI glioma segmentation model.

Methods
The publicly available training dataset provided for the 2021 RSNA-ASNR-MICCAI Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge was used in this study, consisting of 1251 multi-institutional, multi-parametric MR images. Post-contrast T1, T2, and T2 FLAIR images as well as ground truth manual segmentation were used as input for the model. The data were split into a training set of 1151 cases and testing set of 100 cases, with the testing set remaining constant throughout. Deep convolutional neural network segmentation models were trained using the NiftyNet platform. To test the viability of active learning in training a segmentation model, an initial reference model was trained using all 1151 training cases followed by two additional models using only 575 cases and 100 cases. The resulting predicted segmentations of these two additional models on the remaining training cases were then addended to the training dataset for additional training.

Results
It was demonstrated that an active learning approach for manual segmentation can lead to comparable model performance for segmentation of brain gliomas (0.906 reference Dice score vs 0.868 active learning Dice score) while only requiring manual annotation for 28.6% of the data.

Conclusion
The active learning approach when applied to model training can drastically reduce the time and labor spent on preparation of ground truth training data.

Critical relevance statement
Active learning concepts were applied to a deep learning-assisted segmentation of brain gliomas from MR images to assess their viability in reducing the required amount of manually annotated ground truth data in model training.

Key points
• This study focuses on assessing the performance of active learning techniques to train a brain MRI glioma segmentation model.
• The active learning approach for manual segmentation can lead to comparable model performance for segmentation of brain gliomas.
• Active learning when applied to model training can drastically reduce the time and labor spent on preparation of ground truth training data.

Graphical Abstract
Maintenance of adult stem cells from human minor salivary glands via the Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Kang Bo kyoung , Zhu Zhu , Wang Jian , Zhou Jia , Yu Shun , Zhou Xianyu , Zhao Zhenmin , Xie Aiguo , Lu Lin , Yang Jun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Xerostomia is a salivary gland dysfunction that negatively impacts the life quality of patients; however, there is no effective treatment for xerostomia. Bioengineered organs, generated using stem cells obtained from newborn salivary glands and ligated injury models, are a new organ transplantation strategy that could be feasible for xerostomia treatment. Reconstruction of salivary gland organoids by seed cells obtained from human minor salivary glands will offer theoretical fundaments and technology support for clinical application and organ regeneration research. Herein, we aimed to propose a new method for culturing and enriching adult human minor salivary gland stem cells in vitro in a three-dimensional (3D) environment via Wnt signaling activation.

Methods
Obtained and characterized human minor salivary gland stem cells (hMSGSCs) with self-organization ability were 3D-cultured to generate organoids. We examined hMSGSCs proliferation and colony formation using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. Telomerase reverse transcriptase staining, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence assay, RNA isolation, RT-PCR, and qPCR were performed to assess hMSGSCs structure and the function of reconstructive organoids in vitro.

Results
hMSGSCs showed typical epithelial-like characteristics, such as positive for CD49f and cell KRT expression. hMSGSCs served as adult stem cells in salivary glands and could differentiate into acinar and duct cells. Upon the addition of Noggin, CHIR99021, and Wnt3A to the 3D culture system, hMSGSCs showed higher LGR5 expression and decreased AMY1B and MUC5B expression. Therefore, the Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways are important in regulating hMSGSCs self-organization and differentiation.

Conclusions
We showed that the stem cell properties of hMSGSCs in a 3D culture system can be maintained by activating the Wnt signaling pathway and inhibiting the BMP signaling pathway. Our findings contribute new insights on salivary gland organoid generation in vitro.
An impact study of the Iranian National University Entrance Exam from students and parents’ perspectives
Authors: Ahmadi Safa Mohammad , Sheykholmoluki Hamidreza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a part of a larger project, this study reports a large-scale investigation of the impacts of the Iranian National University Entrance Examination (INUEE) on Iranian high school students and their parents. For this purpose, in a mixed methods research design, 1350 high school students selected based on convenience sampling from three western provinces of Iran were given a researcher-made Likert scale questionnaire; moreover, 27 parents sat for a semi-structured interview. The quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire were subject to inferential statistical analyses, and the qualitative interview data were first transcribed, and then the transcriptions were subjected to content analysis to extract common patterns and recurring themes. The integrated results obtained from the quantitative and qualitative data analyses indicated that from most of the participants’ points of view, INUEE had detrimental impacts on students’ and their parents’ educational, personal, and social life. From students’ perspective, INUEE had the most harmful impact on their physical and psychological well-being, and from parents’ vantage point, the most negative impacts of INUEE were on the economy of the family and their social activities and entertainments. The findings of the study provide further evidence of the consequential invalidity of such large-scale high-stakes tests and the negative consequences following them. Furthermore, the attested negative impacts of high-stakes large-scale testing on the test takers, their family members, and the educational systems jeopardize educational justice in general and the usefulness and fairness of such tests in particular.
Myth or coverage: experience and expectation of policyholders from health insurance during COVID-19 in the NCR region of India
Authors: Singhal Nikita , Sultana Almas , Goyal Shikha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study intends to determine whether and to what extent policyholders admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 treatment receive financial support from their health insurance. The researcher interviewed 67 health insurance claimants in the NCR region's several cities—some in Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, and Rajasthan. They also interviewed various insurance system participants, including branch managers, agents, and hospital staff, to obtain an overview of policyholder experiences and insurer challenges. For analysis, qualitative research techniques have been used. This research is helpful in various situations when people are hospitalised for planned and unanticipated reasons by recommending what insurance companies should do to protect the interests of their customers. For the Indian insurance industry and regulator/supervisory authorities, the COVID-19 pandemic incidents can be a lesson about their strengths and weaknesses. According to this research, service-level agreement violations, procedural bottlenecks, and lack of clarity and awareness are the problems policyholders face when pursuing claims. The challenges insurers confront in serving their client's needs are maintaining operations in the face of financial stress and changing regulatory compliances, on the one hand, and helping policyholders by resolving their claims and raising awareness, on the other.
Factors influencing commercial bank profitability in Bangladesh: a panel data approach
Authors: Akther Taslima , Rahman Mushfiqur , Rahman Md. Mufidur 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This research is one of the few studies that examine the association of bank-specific determinants and macroeconomic factors with profitability in the banking industry of a developing country. This paper evaluates how bank-specific factors and macroeconomic determinants affect the profitability of commercial banks in Bangladesh. This study demonstrates that bank-specific factors and macroeconomic determinants are crucial catalysts in ensuring financial institutions' continuity and stable performance. The paper uses return on assets (ROA) as a proxy of bank profitability. The study also employs a group of explanatory variables, such as bank-specific determinants, which include capital adequacy (CAD), bank branches, asset management, deposit (DEP), and assets quality. The paper also considers gross domestic product, inflation rate (IF), exchange rate (EXR), and stock traded as macroeconomic variables. Pooled, fixed, and random effects models and unit root tests are employed on panel data for 24 commercial banks listed in Dhaka stock exchange from 2014 to 2020. The study results indicate that all bank-specific factors except CAD and DEP affect ROA statistically significantly. The paper also shows that among the macroeconomic determinants, IF has a significant and positive effect on ROA, while EXRTE significantly negatively impacts bank profitability. The findings of this paper are limited to the banking industry in Bangladesh, and it will provide valuable insights for future studies.

Graphical abstract
A decision-making system for large span bridge inspection intervals based on sliding window DFNN
Authors: Zhang Guo-Qing , Min Quan , Wang Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo avoid expert inspection, this study develops a decision-making system for large-span bridge inspection intervals based on dynamic fuzzy neural networks (DFNN), which can find knowledge from existing inspection data. A sliding window is introduced to enable the system to learn incrementally so that the system can update along with the bridge degradation. Tsing Ma Bridge is adopted as a prototype bridge while its rating system established based on the fuzzy-analytic hierarchical process (Fuzzy-AHP) method is employed to generate training and testing samples. The capability of the system in finding the relationship between the rating indexes and the rating scores as well as renewing itself with the bridge degradation is then verified. And the influence of the length of the window is investigated. The research shows that the method can make accurate decisions for bridge inspection intervals after being trained by existing data.
Bilateral living-related lobar lung transplantation avoiding bronchial stenosis associated with scoliosis by modified anastomosis: a case report
Authors: Takada Junichi , Sato Masaaki , Konoeda Chihiro , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Shimada Shogo , Hirata Yasutaka , Yuasa Erika , Oyanagi Takayuki , Fukushima Hiroyuki , Nakajima Jun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe thoracic deformity caused by scoliosis often hampers lung transplantation (LTx) due to its underlying restrictive ventilatory dysfunction. Postoperative stenosis of the reconstructed bronchus due to spinal compression is also a complication after LTx in patients with scoliosis. Previous reports on LTx with scoliosis and its outcomes have not discussed the technical aspect of bronchial anastomosis. This report describes a case in which bronchial stenosis was avoided by modifying the angle of the right bronchial anastomosis.

Case presentation
A 26-year-old woman with atrial septal defect (ASD), pulmonary hypertension, Eisenmenger’s syndrome, and severe right scoliosis underwent bilateral living-related lobar LTx with her parents as donors followed by ASD closure. Left pneumonectomy and anastomosis preceded. On the right side, after pneumonectomy, the recipient’s right main bronchus was trimmed to rotate the bronchial anastomosis clockwise by 45°. This resulted in clockwise rotation of the graft (the lower lobe of the mother’s right lung), making axes of the graft and deformed vertebrae parallel. Postoperative bronchoscopy 2 months after surgery showed no evidence of compression or stenosis of the basal bronchial branch.

Conclusion
By obliquely trimming the recipient’s right main bronchus to make the angle of the pulmonary graft and deformed thorax parallel, postoperative bronchial stenosis owing to severe scoliosis was successfully avoided.
Surgical repair of a residual lesion of mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection using a vertical vein as a free graft: a case report
Authors: Watabe Yoshinobu , Kato Nobuyasu , Niwano Haruki , Shingu Yasushige , Ooka Tomonori , Kato Hiroki , Abe Shinji , Wakasa Satoru 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a rare condition in which the pulmonary veins possess multiple drainage sites. In the treatment of multiple lesions, it is sometimes necessary to treat only the main lesion first and repair additional residual lesions during follow-up.

Case presentation
We report a case of additional repair of a remaining type Ia lesion in a 19-year-old woman with mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection who had previously been treated for a type IIa lesion alone. The vertical vein was used as a free graft in the surgery, and the reconstruction was successful without turbulence or kinking.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the use of the vertical vein as a free graft for the repair of residual type Ia lesions in adulthood allows reliable reconstruction regardless of the spatial relationship between the left atrial appendage and the left superior pulmonary vein.
State of Nature
Authors: Vause Erika 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Scholars have argued for the importance of industrial accidents and urban precarity in laying the groundwork for the European welfare state in nineteenth-century France. Given the central role that farming played in French economic, political, and cultural life, however, agricultural insurance was among the first and most frequently debated aspects of nineteenth-century attempts to apply insurance to the “social question.” This article explores what François Ewald has termed the “insurantial imaginary” of agricultural insurance by examining debates about which threats could or should be insured and who should insure them. Despite widespread consensus on the virtues of expanding insurance into the countryside, there remained huge areas of disagreement: What counted as an insurable risk in agriculture? How should that risk be assessed? And whose responsibility was it to insure such risks—that of private individuals or the French state? This article argues that the repeated failures of the various proposals designed to protect peasants against the vagaries of nature had as much to do with practical impediments as they did with ideas about the “naturalness” of certain dangers. This perception of the “natural” would inform the construction of the French welfare state.
With and against the Grain
Authors: Chu Leo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article studies the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) in Taiwan. It begins with the Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction (JCRR), a US-funded agency championing plant breeding and land reform. Capitalizing on Japanese colonial legacy, a technocratic Chinese nationalism, and Cold War geopolitics, the JCRR boosted the productivity of rice while diversifying the agricultural economy through vegetable cultivation. The AVRDC, supported by the Rockefeller Foundation and the US government, was created in 1971 to bring this vision to Southeast Asia. The expulsion of Taiwan from the United Nations nonetheless threatened the center's survival. To carve out its sphere of influence, the AVRDC combined vegetable breeding programs with experiments on home gardening and small-scale agriculture, inserting itself into a bourgeoning sustainability discourse in the 1980s. The article argues that the center's ambiguous position within the international agricultural research network prompted it to adopt a “modest narrative” that celebrated not heroic figures but the collaborative endeavor of scientists sympathetic to farmers. However, the marginalization of agriculture and shifting identity politics in Taiwan made the center's achievement increasingly less relevant to its host country, thus complicating the significance of the AVRDC to the agricultural history of Taiwan.
The Feast of the Nazarene of Caguach: Religious Identity, Geography, and Community in the Archipelago of Chiloé
Authors: Guzmán Fernando , Windus Astrid , Berg Lorenzo , Cárdenas Renato 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Every 30 August in the archipelago of Chiloé, the small island of Caguach welcomes hundreds of pilgrim seafarers who participate in the feast of Jesus Christ the Nazarene. The life-size figure of Christ carrying the cross is the most important cult image of Chiloé, and its worship can be seen as a transcultural product of the contact between Europeans and the Indigenous population since colonial times. In order to understand the emergence and dynamics of the feast as well as its significance for Chiloé’s religious identity, this article makes use of an ethnohistorical approach that connects Indigenous cultural practices with the structural characteristics and material culture of the Jesuit circular mission and the narrative roots of the feast. In this regard, two aspects are highlighted as particularly significant: first, the social structures based on the principles of collectivity and reciprocity that both shaped Indigenous and Catholic practices, especially concerning the intimate relationship between the local population and the images involved in the cult; and second, the importance of the natural space and its elements, such as water, mountains, or rain, which in Indigenous mythology and religion represented powerful entities with which people interacted continuously. These transcultural practices came into conflict with the nineteenth- and twentieth-century Catholic reform policies that aimed to “civilize” the local veneration of saints.