bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for the RETHINK study: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, non-inferiority clinical trial comparing acetaminophen and NSAIDs for treatment of chronic pain in elderly patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee
Authors: Endo Makoto , Kawahara Shinya , Sato Taishi , Tokunaga Masami , Hara Toshihiko , Mawatari Taro , Kawano Tsutomu , Zenda Sadamoto , Miyaji Tempei , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Sakamoto Sanae , Takano Toshio , Miyake Masumi , Aono Hiroyuki , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionIn patients with chronic pain, oral analgesics are essential treatment options to manage pain appropriately, improve activities of daily living abilities and achieve a higher quality of life (QOL). It is desirable to select analgesics for elderly patients based on comparative data on analgesic effect and risk of adverse events; however, there are few comparative studies so far. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen are non-inferior to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee in elderly patients.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, randomised controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study to compare the analgesic effect and adverse events between acetaminophen or NSAIDs (loxoprofen or celecoxib). A total of 400 elderly patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee will be recruited from five institutions in Japan. Patients of 65 years or older with osteoarthritis-related pain will be registered and randomly assigned to acetaminophen, loxoprofen or celecoxib with 2:1:1 allocation. The primary endpoint is change in the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) item 3 (worst pain) score from baseline to week 8. The secondary endpoints are BPI item 3 score change from baseline to week 4, health-related QOL measured by Short Form-8 Health Survey, and occurrence of adverse events including gastrointestinal disorders and abnormal liver function. Data will be analysed in accordance with a predefined statistical analysis plan.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was approved by the Kyushu University Hospital Certified Institutional Review Board for Clinical Trials on 28 January 2021 (KD2020004) and the chief executive of each participating hospital. The results of the study will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals, and the main findings will be presented at international scientific conferences.Trial registration numberjRCTs071200112.
Use of collaborative learning approach for increased cure rate among children aged 6–59 months with severe wasting in Karamoja, Uganda
Authors: Mokori Alex , Ndungutse Amos Hashaka , Amongin Dinah , Agabiirwe Caroline Noel , Byabasheija Robert , Draru Joyce 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAt 10%, Karamoja region has the highest rate of child wasting in Uganda. The region has 126 outpatient therapeutic care (OTC) sites for managing children with severe acute malnutrition.Local problemCure rate (CR) in OTC in Karamoja remains below the international standard of over 75%. The study aimed at increasing the CR in 10 OTC sites in Karamoja, from 74.1% to >75% in 13 months.MethodsThe study commenced in July 2018, up to September 2019, in purposively selected health facilities in six districts in Karamoja. Quality improvement (QI) methods per the Ministry of Health QI Framework were applied. QI teams (QITs) tracked the outcome of the tested changes for 13 months. χ2tests were used to assess the intrafacility and interdistrict association in CR.InterventionInstitute for Health Improvement (IHI) (2003) improvement model was applied in this collaborative. QITs conducted root cause analysis of CR gaps, which guided them in the development of improvement aims, changes and indicators. QITs used plan–do–study–act cycles to test and adopt the feasible changes.ResultsCR increased from 74.1% to 78.6%, with an overall average of 80% within 13 months. Abim district had the highest CR (83.3%) and Kaabong district the lowest (75.2%). Health centre II (84.0%) had the highest CR. Assigning village health teams to follow up caregivers of children in OTC with missed appointments, allocation of village health teams and local leaders to monitor the administration of ready-to-use therapeutic food to children, and screening and treating comorbidities among children in OTC increased CR.ConclusionsQI methods focusing on collaborative learning increased CR among children in OTC in Karamoja. Sustaining the gains requires district health offices, partners and health facility management’s commitment to institutionalise the QI collaborative learning approaches.
National statutory reporting: not even ticking the boxes? The quality of ‘Learning from Deaths’ reporting in quality accounts within the NHS in England 2017–2020
Authors: Brummell Zoe , Braun Dorit , Hussein Zainab , Moonesinghe S Ramani , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionRegulation through statutory reporting is used in healthcare internationally to improve accountability, quality of care and patient safety. Since 2017, within the National Health Service (NHS) in England, NHS Secondary Care Trusts (NSCTs) are legally required to report annually both quantitative and qualitative information related to patient deaths within their care within their publicly available Quality Accounts as part of a countrywide patient safety programme: The Learning from Deaths (LfDs) programme.MethodAll LfDs reports published between 2017 (programme inception) and 2020 were reviewed and evaluated through a critical realist lens, quantitatively reported using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsIn 2017/2018, 44% of NSCTs reported all six statutory elements of the LfDs reporting regulations, in 2019/2020 35% of NSCTs were reporting this information. A small number of NSCTs did not report any parts of the LfDs regulatory requirements between 2017 and 2020. Multiple qualitative themes arose from this study suggesting problematic engagement with the LfDs programme, erroneous reporting accuracy and errors in written communication.ConclusionsThe LfDs programme has, to some extent, reduced variation and improved consistency to the way that NSCTs identify, report and investigate deaths. However, 3 years into the LfDs programme, the majority of NSCTs are not reporting as required by law. This makes the validity of National statutory reporting in Quality Accounts within the NHS in England questionable as a regulatory process.
Heavy and superheavy elements: next generation experiments, ideas and considerations
Authors: Münzenberg G. , Gupta M. , Devaraja H. M. , Gambhir Y. K. , Heinz S. , Hofmann S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAfter more than 45 years of successful operation of the GSI velocity filter SHIP in heavy and superheavy element research, it is time for the development of a next-generation in-flight separator. In frame of our Manipal-GSI-Giessen collaboration we designed a velocity filter which is intended for (super)heavy fusion and multinucleon transfer products. In this article we will present the design of the new in-flight separator and related detection techniques, as well as further activities of our collaboration.
Measurement of proton light yield of water-based liquid scintillator
Authors: Callaghan E. J. , Goldblum B. L. , Brown J. A. , Laplace T. A. , Manfredi J. J. , Yeh M. , Gann G. D. Orebi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe proton light yield of liquid scintillators is an important property in the context of their use in large-scale neutrino experiments, with direct implications for neutrino-proton scattering measurements and the discrimination of fast neutrons from inverse $$\beta $$
β
-decay coincidence signals. This work presents the first measurement of the proton light yield of a water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) formulated from 5% linear alkyl benzene (LAB), at energies below 20 MeV, as well as a measurement of the proton light yield of a pure LAB + 2 g/L 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) mixture (LABPPO). The measurements were performed using a double time-of-flight method and a pulsed neutron beam from the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The proton light yields were measured relative to that of a 477 keV electron. The relative proton light yield of WbLS was approximately 3.8% lower than that of LABPPO, itself exhibiting a relative proton light yield 15–20% higher than previous measurements of an analogous anoxic sample. The observed quenching is not compatible with the Birks model for either material, but is well described with the addition of Chou’s bimolecular quenching term.
Semileptonic b-baryon decays within a new physics approach
Authors: Haritha C. P. , Jain Karthik , Mawlong Barilang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe excess in the measurement of the branching fractions of $$\bar{B}\rightarrow D(D^*){\tau }^- \bar{\nu }_{\tau }$$

B

¯

→
D

(

D
∗

)

τ

-

ν

¯

τ

and $$B_{c}\rightarrow J/\psi {\tau }^{-} \bar{\nu }_{\tau }$$

B
c

→
J
/
ψ

τ

-

ν

¯

τ

from the standard model expectation hints the existence of new physics beyond the standard model. Motivated by these indications, we study similar modes mediated by $$b\rightarrow c \tau {\bar{\nu }_{\tau }}$$

b
→
c
τ

ν

¯

τ

transitions, in particular, the semileptonic b-baryon decay modes $$\varXi _b\rightarrow \varXi _{c} \tau ^- \bar{\nu }_{\tau }$$

Ξ
b

→

Ξ
c

τ
-

ν

¯

τ

and $$\varSigma _b \rightarrow \varSigma _c^{(*)} {\tau }^- \bar{\nu }_{\tau }$$

Σ
b

→

Σ
c

(

∗
)

τ

-

ν

¯

τ

. We consider a general low energy effective Hamiltonian approach, which includes both standard model and new physics contributions. Within different new physics scenarios, we investigate the impact of the new contributions on these modes and present predictions for various semileptonic $$q^2$$

q
2

-spectra.
An upper bound on the degree of singular vectors for E(1,6)
Authors: Bagnoli Lucia 
Published: February 2023

The aim of this work is to prove a technical result that had been stated by Boyallian et al. [Classification of finite irreducible modules over the Lie conformal superalgebra [Formula: see text], Comm. Math. Phys. 317 (2013) 503–546], on the degree of singular vectors of finite Verma modules over the exceptional Lie superalgebra [Formula: see text] that is isomorphic to the annihilation superalgebra associated with the conformal superalgebra [Formula: see text].
In Vivo Screening Unveils Pervasive RNA-Binding Protein Dependencies in Leukemic Stem Cells and Identifies ELAVL1 as a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Vujovic Ana , de Rooij Laura , Chahi Ava Keyvani , Chen He Tian , Yee Brian A. , Loganathan Sampath K. , Liu Lina , Chan Derek C.H. , Tajik Amanda , Tsao Emily , Moreira Steven , Joshi Pratik , Xu Joshua , Wong Nicholas , Balde Zaldy , Jahangiri Soheil , Zandi Sasan , Aigner Stefan , Dick John E. , Minden Mark D. , Schramek Daniel , Yeo Gene W. , Hope Kristin J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is fueled by leukemic stem cells (LSC) whose determinants are challenging to discern from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or uncover by approaches focused on general cell properties. We have identified a set of RNA-binding proteins (RBP) selectively enriched in human AML LSCs. Using an in vivo two-step CRISPR-Cas9 screen to assay stem cell functionality, we found 32 RBPs essential for LSCs in MLL-AF9;NrasG12D AML. Loss-of-function approaches targeting key hit RBP ELAVL1 compromised LSC-driven in vivo leukemic reconstitution, and selectively depleted primitive malignant versus healthy cells. Integrative multiomics revealed differentiation, splicing, and mitochondrial metabolism as key features defining the leukemic ELAVL1–mRNA interactome with mitochondrial import protein, TOMM34, being a direct ELAVL1-stabilized target whose repression impairs AML propagation. Altogether, using a stem cell–adapted in vivo CRISPR screen, this work demonstrates pervasive reliance on RBPs as regulators of LSCs and highlights their potential as therapeutic targets in AML.

Significance:
LSC-targeted therapies remain a significant unmet need in AML. We developed a stem-cell–adapted in vivo CRISPR screen to identify key LSC drivers. We uncover widespread RNA-binding protein dependencies in LSCs, including ELAVL1, which we identify as a novel therapeutic vulnerability through its regulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 171
PITX2
Knockout Induces Key Findings of Electrical Remodeling as Seen in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Schulz Carl , Lemoine Marc D. , Mearini Giulia , Koivumäki Jussi , Sani Jascha , Schwedhelm Edzard , Kirchhof Paulus , Ghalawinji Amer , Stoll Monika , Hansen Arne , Eschenhagen Thomas , Christ Torsten 
Published: February 2023

Background:

Electrical remodeling in human persistent atrial fibrillation is believed to result from rapid electrical activation of the atria, but underlying genetic causes may contribute. Indeed, common gene variants in an enhancer region close to
PITX2
(paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2) are strongly associated with atrial fibrillation, but the mechanism behind this association remains unknown. This study evaluated the consequences of
PITX2
deletion (PITX2
−/−
) in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived atrial cardiomyocytes.

Methods:

CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat–associated 9) was used to delete
PITX2
in a healthy human iPSC line that served as isogenic control. Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived atrial cardiomyocytes were differentiated with unfiltered retinoic acid and cultured in atrial engineered heart tissue. Force and action potential were measured in atrial engineered heart tissues. Single human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived atrial cardiomyocytes were isolated from atrial engineered heart tissue for ion current measurements.

Results:

PITX2
−/−
atrial engineered heart tissue beats slightly slower than isogenic control without irregularity. Force was lower in PITX2
−/−
than in isogenic control (0.053±0.015 versus 0.131±0.017 mN, n=28/3 versus n=28/4, PITX2
−/−
versus isogenic control;
P
<0.0001), accompanied by lower expression of CACNA1C and lower L-type Ca
2+
current density. Early repolarization was weaker (action potential duration at 20% repolarization; 45.5±13.2 versus 8.6±5.3 ms, n=18/3 versus n=12/4, PITX2
−/−
versus isogenic control;
P
<0.0001), and maximum diastolic potential was more negative (−78.3±3.1 versus −69.7±0.6 mV, n=18/3 versus n=12/4, PITX2
−/−
versus isogenic control;
P
=0.001), despite normal inward rectifier currents (both I
K1
and I
K,ACh
) and carbachol-induced shortening of action potential duration.

Conclusions:
Complete PITX2 deficiency in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived atrial cardiomyocytes recapitulates some findings of electrical remodeling of atrial fibrillation in the absence of fast beating, indicating that these abnormalities could be primary consequences of lower PITX2 levels.
Modeling Emotion Dynamics in Song Lyrics with State Space Models
Authors: Song Yingjin , Beck Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Most previous work in music emotion recognition assumes a single or a few song-level labels for the whole song. While it is known that different emotions can vary in intensity within a song, annotated data for this setup is scarce and difficult to obtain. In this work, we propose a method to predict emotion dynamics in song lyrics without song-level supervision. We frame each song as a time series and employ a State Space Model (SSM), combining a sentence-level emotion predictor with an Expectation-Maximization (EM) procedure to generate the full emotion dynamics. Our experiments show that applying our method consistently improves the performance of sentence-level baselines without requiring any annotated songs, making it ideal for limited training data scenarios. Further analysis through case studies shows the benefits of our method while also indicating the limitations and pointing to future directions.
Meteorological Analysis of the Pacific Northwest June 2021 Heatwave
Authors: Loikith Paul C. , Kalashnikov Dmitri A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During the last week of June 2021, the Pacific Northwest region of North America experienced a record-breaking heatwave of historic proportions. All-time high temperature records were shattered, often by several degrees, across many locations, with Canada setting a new national record, the state of Washington setting a new record, and the state of Oregon tying its previous record. Here we diagnose key meteorology that contributed to this heatwave. The event was associated with a highly anomalous midtropospheric ridge, with peak 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies centered over central British Columbia. This ridge developed over several days as part of a large-scale wave train. Back trajectory analysis indicates that synoptic-scale subsidence and associated adiabatic warming played a key role in enhancing the magnitude of the heat to the south of the ridge peak, while diabatic heating was dominant closer to the ridge center. Easterly/offshore flow inhibited marine cooling and contributed additional downslope warming along the western portions of the region. A notable surface thermally induced trough was evident throughout the event over western Oregon and Washington. An eastward shift of the thermal trough, following the eastward migration of the 500-hPa ridge, allowed an inland surge of cooler marine air and dramatic 24-h cooling, especially along the western periphery of the region. Large-scale horizontal warm-air advection played a minimal role. When compared with past highly amplified ridges over the region, this event was characterized by much higher 500-hPa geopotential heights, a stronger thermal trough, and stronger offshore flow.
Evaluating Atmospheric Surface Layer Flux Parameterization within the Coastal Regime
Authors: Hlywiak James , Flagg David D. , Hong Xiaodong , Doyle James D. , Benbow Charlotte , Curcic Milan , Darby Basil , Drennan William M. , Graber Hans , Haus Brian , MacMahan Jamie , Ortiz-Suslow David , Ruiz-Plancarte Jesus , Wang Qing , Williams Neil , Yamaguchi Ryan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Traditional atmospheric surface layer theory assumes homogeneous surface conditions. Regardless, nearly all surface layer parameterization schemes employed within numerical weather prediction models utilize the same techniques within highly heterogeneous coastal regimes as for homogeneous environments. We compare predicted surface weather and fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture—focusing mainly on momentum—from regional simulations using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) atmospheric model to observations collected from offshore buoys, inland flux towers, and radiosonde profiles during the Coastal Land-Air-Sea Interaction (CLASI) project throughout the summer of 2021 around Monterey Bay, California. Results reveal that modeled cross-coastal surface flux gradients are spuriously discontinuous, leading to systematically overestimated fluxes and weak winds inland of the coastline during onshore flow periods. Additionally, contrary to observations, modeled surface exchange coefficients are insensitive to wind direction on both sides of the coast, which degrades predictive skill downstream from the coastline. Over the central bay, prediction degrades when near-surface wind directions deviate from the prevailing flow direction as the parameterized stress–wind relationship fails during these cases. Predictive skill over the bay is therefore linked to variations in wind direction. Offshore of the geographically complex peninsula, systematic biases are less clear; however, bifurcations in drag coefficients based on wind direction were measured here as well. Last, increasing the horizontal grid spacing from 333 m to 3 km does not significantly affect surface layer prediction. This work highlights the need to reevaluate surface layer parameterization methods for modeling within coastal regions.

Significance Statement
Understanding surface layer weather is critical for many purposes, such as infrastructure design and weather forecasting. Within the context of numerical modeling and weather prediction, skillful forecasts of surface winds and temperature rely on accurate portrayal of the surface layer. By comparing observations collected during the Coastal Land-Air-Sea Interaction field program to numerical model solutions, we show that prediction of the surface layer fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture break down near the coastline, which leads to biases in the predicted surface layer weather both inland and over the water. As surface layer parameterization methods across nearly all numerical models are rooted in the same practices, our results call into question the use of traditional methods near the coastline.
Cement leakage during vertebroplasty: comparison between intact and wall disruption in spinal metastases
Authors: Gravel Guillaume , Roussel Alexandre , Guth Axel , Mellot François 
Published: February 2023

Background Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is an effective measure for painful metastases or impending pathological fractures of the spine with cement leakages being the most frequent complication. Posterior extrusion of cement into the spinal canal may result in neurological symptoms and deficits. Purpose To compare the occurrence of intraspinal canal cement leakage between vertebrae with posterior wall disruption and vertebrae without posterior wall disruption. Material and Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted of all PVP for spine metastases between June 2020 and November 2021. All leaks were analyzed by a postprocedural computed tomography scan or cone-beam computed tomography. Results A total of 77 patients with 143 vertebrae treated by PVP were included. Posterior wall disruption was observed in 64 (44.8%) vertebrae while 79 (55.2%) had a complete posterior wall. Spinal canal cement leakage occurred in 36 (25.2%) vertebrae and was comparable in both groups, occurring in 16 (25.0%) vertebrae with posterior wall disruption and 20 (25.3%) vertebrae without posterior wall disruption ( P = 1). No risk factors for spinal canal leakage were found in the univariate and multivariate analyses. One spinal leak was symptomatic with intercostal neuralgia. Conclusion Our results suggest that an incomplete vertebral posterior wall does not increase the rate of spinal canal cement leakage during PVP.