bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interhemispheric Observations of ULF Waves Caused by Foreshock Transients Under Quiet Solar Wind Conditions
Authors: Noh Sung Jun , Kim Hyomin , Ozturk Dogacan , Kuzichev Ilya , Xu Zhonghua , Zhang Hui , Vu Andrew , Liu Terry , Weygand James M. , Hartinger Michael D. , Shi Xueling , Engebretson Mark , Gerrard Andrew , Kim Eun‐Hwa , Lessard Marc , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractForeshock transient (FT) events are frequently observed phenomena that are generated by discontinuities in the solar wind. These transient events are known to trigger global‐scale magnetic field perturbations (e.g., ULF waves). We report a series of FT events observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission in the upstream bow shock region under quiet solar wind conditions. During the event, ground magnetometers observed significant Pc1 wave activity as well as magnetic impulse events in both hemispheres. Ground Pc1 wave observations show ∼8 min time delay (with some time differences) from each FT event which is observed at the bow shock. We also find that the ground Pc1 waves are observed earlier in the northern hemisphere compared to the southern hemisphere. The observation time difference between the hemispheres implies that the source region of the wave is the off‐equatorial region.
Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in the Northern Hemisphere Observed With IASI
Authors: Bouillon Marie , Safieddine Sarah , Clerbaux Cathy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSudden Stratospheric Warming events (SSW) are extreme phenomena during which stratospheric temperature can increase by tens of degrees in a few days. They are due to the propagation and breaking of the planetary waves, leading to a perturbation of the polar vortex. SSWs also influence polar ozone concentrations and midlatitude weather. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometers (IASI) monitor atmospheric composition and temperature globally since 2007, and they are ideal to observe the changes of temperature and ozone during SSWs. Since the launch of the first IASI, there have been several SSWs in the Northern Hemisphere, including eight major events that are investigated in this study. We find that during major SSWs, the temperature anomaly propagates from 10 hPa to the lower stratosphere and the maximum anomaly at 200 hPa is correlated to the maximum anomaly at 10 hPa. During these events, negative anomalies of temperature in Europe and Russia and positive anomalies in Canada and Greenland are often observed at 750 hPa. The cold air outbreaks that usually follow major SSWs are responsible for anomalies of −15 K. Finally, we look at the evolution of the total ozone column following major events. Major SSWs lead to higher springtime ozone concentrations and the ozone anomaly in March is correlated to the duration of the positive temperature anomaly at 10 hPa. These results show the potential of the IASI mission and its successors, IASI‐New Generation, for the study of SSWs and their effects on weather and atmospheric composition.
Teardrop and Parabolic Lens Yield Curves for Viscous‐Plastic Sea Ice Models: New Constitutive Equations and Failure Angles
Authors: Ringeisen Damien , Losch Martin , Tremblay L. Bruno 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost viscous‐plastic sea ice models use the elliptical yield curve. This yield curve has a fundamental flaw: it excludes acute angles between deformation features at high resolution. Conceptually, the teardrop (TD) and parabolic lens (PL) yield curves offer an attractive alternative. These yield curves feature a non‐symmetrical shape, a Coulombic behavior for the low‐medium compressive stress, and a continuous transition to the ridging‐dominant mode, but their published formulation leads to negative or zero bulk and shear viscosities and, consequently, poor numerical convergence with stress states at times outside the yield curve. These issues are a consequence of the original assumption that the constitutive equations of the commonly used elliptical yield curve are also applicable to non‐symmetrical yield curves and yield curves with tensile strength. We derive a corrected formulation for the constitutive relations of the TD and PL yield curves. Results from simple uni‐axial loading experiments show that with the new formulation the numerical convergence of the solver improves and much smaller nonlinear residuals after a smaller number of total solver iterations can be reached, resulting in significant improvements in numerical efficiency and representation of the stress and deformation fields. The TD and PL yield curves lead to smaller angles of failure that better agree with observations. They are promising candidates to replace the elliptical yield curve in high‐resolution pan‐Arctic sea ice simulations.
Soil Moisture Estimation by Assimilating In‐Situ and SMAP Surface Soil Moisture Using Unscented Weighted Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Fu Xiaolei , Zhang Yuchen , Zhong Qi , Lü Haishen , Ding Yongjian , Li Zhaoguo , Yu Zhongbo , Jiang Xiaolei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHighly accurate soil moisture information is necessary to understand land surface processes. However, observational techniques do not produce adequately accurate spatial‐temporal continuous regional soil moisture data. The data assimilation method can be used to improve the soil moisture estimations by merging multi‐source observed data, but its performance is affected by error covariance and the quality of assimilated data. We designed eight numerical experiments to analyze how to improve the filter performance through soil moisture assimilation using the unscented weighted ensemble Kalman filter (UWEnKF) and 1‐D Richards equation at Maqu and Erlinghu (ELH) observational sites in the source region of Yellow River (SRYR), China. The experimental results show that the filter performance improves as the quality of assimilated data increases in the soil moisture assimilation experiment when assimilating in‐situ surface soil moisture (SSM) observations, SMAP SSM data and downscaled SMAP SSM data. In other aspects, filter performance is readily affected by model and observation error covariances in soil moisture assimilation. If the SMAP SSM data are taken to be perfect (i.e., small bias), UWEnKF performs differently between different sites because of the underestimation or overestimation of SMAP SSM and model simulations compared to the in‐situ observations. Additionally, different soil moisture assimilation results can be obtained with different initial values at the beginning of the assimilation period. Overall, filter performance can be improved primarily by improving the quality of assimilated data (e.g., downscaling the remote sensing data), and by creating a reasonable and effective method for determining error covariance.
RBM47 restrains renal cell carcinoma progression and chemoresistance through interacting with lncRNA HOXB-AS1
Authors: Su Qingfu , Pan Zhenliang , Chen Heyi , Chen Jiabi , Zhang Yanmei , Zhuang Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRNA binding proteins have the critical role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression. However, the role of RBM47 in RCC has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that RBM47 was downregulated in RCC tissues and its expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of RCC patients. Also, we found that the expression of RBM47 was regulated by CBP/P300-mediated H3K27ac in RCC. Functionally, RBM47 restrained RCC cells proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistically, RBM47 interfered with the interaction between HOXB-AS1 and p53 proteins via directly binding with HOXB-AS1, finally promoted the entry of p53 into the nucleus and therefore activated the p53 signaling. Moreover, RBM47 had a synergistic anticancer effect with sunitinib both in vivo and in vitro.
Organophotocatalysed synthesis of 2-piperidinones in one step via [1 + 2 + 3] strategy
Authors: Du Yi-Dan , Wang Shan , Du Hai-Wu , Chang Xiao-Yong , Chen Xiao-Yi , Li Yu-Long , Shu Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSix-membered N-containing heterocycles, such as 2-piperidinone derivatives, with diverse substitution patterns are widespread in natural products, drug molecules and serve as key precursors for piperidines. Thus, the development of stereoselective synthesis of multi-substituted 2-piperidinones are attractive. However, existing methods heavily rely on modification of pre-synthesized backbones which require tedious multi-step procedure and suffer from limited substitution patterns. Herein, an organophotocatalysed [1 + 2 + 3] strategy was developed to enable the one-step access to diverse substituted 2-piperidinones from easily available inorganic ammonium salts, alkenes, and unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This mild protocol exhibits exclusive chemoselectivity over two alkenes, tolerating both terminal and internal alkenes with a wide range of functional groups.
Ascl1 and Ngn2 convert mouse embryonic stem cells to neurons via functionally distinct paths
Authors: Vainorius Gintautas , Novatchkova Maria , Michlits Georg , Baar Juliane Christina , Raupach Cecilia , Lee Joonsun , Yelagandula Ramesh , Wernig Marius , Elling Ulrich 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAscl1 and Ngn2, closely related proneural transcription factors, are able to convert mouse embryonic stem cells into induced neurons. Despite their similarities, these factors elicit only partially overlapping transcriptional programs, and it remains unknown whether cells are converted via distinct mechanisms. Here we show that Ascl1 and Ngn2 induce mutually exclusive side populations by binding and activating distinct lineage drivers. Furthermore, Ascl1 rapidly dismantles the pluripotency network and installs neuronal and trophoblast cell fates, while Ngn2 generates a neural stem cell-like intermediate supported by incomplete shutdown of the pluripotency network. Using CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening, we find that Ascl1 relies more on factors regulating pluripotency and the cell cycle, such as Tcf7l1. In the absence of Tcf7l1, Ascl1 still represses core pluripotency genes but fails to exit the cell cycle. However, overexpression of Cdkn1c induces cell cycle exit and restores the generation of neurons. These findings highlight that cell type conversion can occur through two distinct mechanistic paths, even when induced by closely related transcription factors.
Comparative mucomic analysis of three functionally distinct Cornu aspersum Secretions
Authors: Cerullo Antonio R. , McDermott Maxwell B. , Pepi Lauren E. , Liu Zhi-Lun , Barry Diariou , Zhang Sheng , Yang Xu , Chen Xi , Azadi Parastoo , Holford Mande , Braunschweig Adam B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEvery animal secretes mucus, placing them among the most diverse biological materials. Mucus hydrogels are complex mixtures of water, ions, carbohydrates, and proteins. Uncertainty surrounding their composition and how interactions between components contribute to mucus function complicates efforts to exploit their properties. There is substantial interest in commercializing mucus from the garden snail, Cornu aspersum, for skincare, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and composite materials. C. aspersum secretes three mucus—one shielding the animal from environmental threats, one adhesive mucus from the pedal surface of the foot, and another pedal mucus that is lubricating. It remains a mystery how compositional differences account for their substantially different properties. Here, we characterize mucus proteins, glycosylation, ion content, and mechanical properties that could be used to provide insight into structure-function relationships through an integrative “mucomics” approach. We identify macromolecular components of these hydrogels, including a previously unreported protein class termed Conserved Anterior Mollusk Proteins (CAMPs). Revealing differences between C. aspersum mucus shows how considering structure at all levels can inform the design of mucus-inspired materials.
A Real-world Dataset and Benchmark For Foundation Model Adaptation in Medical Image Classification
Authors: Wang Dequan , Wang Xiaosong , Wang Lilong , Li Mengzhang , Da Qian , Liu Xiaoqiang , Gao Xiangyu , Shen Jun , He Junjun , Shen Tian , Duan Qi , Zhao Jie , Li Kang , Qiao Yu , Zhang Shaoting 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFoundation models, often pre-trained with large-scale data, have achieved paramount success in jump-starting various vision and language applications. Recent advances further enable adapting foundation models in downstream tasks efficiently using only a few training samples, e.g., in-context learning. Yet, the application of such learning paradigms in medical image analysis remains scarce due to the shortage of publicly accessible data and benchmarks. In this paper, we aim at approaches adapting the foundation models for medical image classification and present a novel dataset and benchmark for the evaluation, i.e., examining the overall performance of accommodating the large-scale foundation models downstream on a set of diverse real-world clinical tasks. We collect five sets of medical imaging data from multiple institutes targeting a variety of real-world clinical tasks (22,349 images in total), i.e., thoracic diseases screening in X-rays, pathological lesion tissue screening, lesion detection in endoscopy images, neonatal jaundice evaluation, and diabetic retinopathy grading. Results of multiple baseline methods are demonstrated using the proposed dataset from both accuracy and cost-effective perspectives.
Standardised images of novel objects created with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Cooper Patrick S. , Colton Emily , Bode Stefan , Chong Trevor T.-J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn enduring question in cognitive science is how perceptually novel objects are processed. Addressing this issue has been limited by the absence of a standardised set of object-like stimuli that appear realistic, but cannot possibly have been previously encountered. To this end, we created a dataset, at the core of which are images of 400 perceptually novel objects. These stimuli were created using Generative Adversarial Networks that integrated features of everyday stimuli to produce a set of synthetic objects that appear entirely plausible, yet do not in fact exist. We curated an accompanying dataset of 400 familiar stimuli, which were matched in terms of size, contrast, luminance, and colourfulness. For each object, we quantified their key visual properties (edge density, entropy, symmetry, complexity, and spectral signatures). We also confirmed that adult observers (N = 390) perceive the novel objects to be less familiar, yet similarly engaging, relative to the familiar objects. This dataset serves as an open resource to facilitate future studies on visual perception.
Differing responses of osteogenic cell lines to β-glycerophosphate
Authors: Yevlashevskaya Olga S. , Scheven Ben A. , Walmsley A. Damien , Shelton Richard M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAscorbic acid (Asc), dexamethasone (Dex) and β-glycerophosphate (β-Gly) are commonly used to promote osteogenic behaviour by osteoblasts in vitro. According to the literature, several osteosarcoma cells lines appear to respond differently to the latter with regards to proliferation kinetics and osteogenic gene transcription. Unsurprisingly, these differences lead to contrasting data between publications that necessitate preliminary studies to confirm the phenotype of the chosen osteosarcoma cell line in the presence of Asc, Dex and β-Gly. The present study exposed Saos-2 cells to different combinations of Asc, Dex and β-Gly for 14 days and compared the response with immortalised human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). Cell numbers, cytotoxicity, mineralised matrix deposition and cell proliferation were analysed to assess osteoblast-like behaviour in the presence of Asc, Dex and β-Gly. Additionally, gene expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2); osteocalcin (OCN); alkaline phosphatase (ALP); phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX); marker of proliferation MKI67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was performed every two days during the 14-day cultures. It was found that proliferation of Saos-2 cells was significantly decreased by the presence of β-Gly which contrasted with hMSCs where no change was observed. Furthermore, unlike hMSCs, Saos-2 cells demonstrated an upregulated expression of late osteoblastic markers, OCN and PHEX that suggested β-Gly could affect later stages of osteogenic differentiation. In summary, it is important to consider that β-Gly significantly affects key cell processes of Saos-2 when using it as an osteoblast-like cell model.
Characterization of dielectric properties of residual ashes obtained from rice husk and annoni grass
Authors: Pereira Vinícius Macedo , Heckler Marcos V. Thomas , Vasconcellos Marcos A. Z. , de Menezes Eliana W. , Armas Luis E. G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a study about the characterization of dielectric properties (dielectric constant $${\varepsilon }_{r}$$

ε
r

and dielectric-loss constant $$\mathrm{tan}\delta$$

tan
δ

) of samples derived from two different biomass types: rice husk ash (RHA) and annoni grass ash (AGA).The procedure is carried out using the resonant cavity method along with a vector network analyzer. For this purpose, four different ashes were produced, by burning rice husk and annoni grass at two different temperatures and burning times: 400 °C/30 min (RHA40030 and AGA40030) and 800 °C/5 h (RHA8005h and AGA8005h). These ashes were combined with Bakelite to produce cylindrical samples with diameter of 30 mm and thickness of 4.5 mm, which were characterized considering the frequency in the test band for 5G technologies ($${f}_{o}=3.5$$

f
o

=
3.5

GHz). Experimental results showed that the samples burnt at high temperature showed very high $$\mathrm{tan \delta }$$

tan
δ

when compared to the samples burnt at low temperature, mainly for AGA8005h. These values are $$\mathrm{tan \delta }=$$

tan
δ

=

0.1690 and 1.4900 for RHA8005h and AGA8005h, respectively. The resulting dielectric constants are $${\varepsilon }_{r}$$

ε
r

= 3.87 for RHA8005h and $${\varepsilon }_{r}$$

ε
r

= 15.14 for AGA8005h). These very high dielectric loss tangent, indicate that these materials exhibit formidable properties for electromagnetic energy absorption, hence allowing the application as radiation-absorbent material (RAM).
At-sea distribution patterns of the Peruvian diving petrel Pelecanoides garnotii during breeding and non-breeding seasons
Authors: Fernández Claudia E. , Luna-Jorquera Guillermo , Suazo Cristián G. , Quillfeldt Petra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAt-sea distributions of seabird species are strongly associated with the distribution patterns of their prey, which are influenced by physical oceanic features. During breeding and non-breeding seasons, seabirds move extraordinary distances among different environments. However, foraging site fidelity by seabirds appears to be high in areas of known high productivity, such as frontal zones and upwellings. Here, we present a tracking study for the Peruvian diving-petrel Pelecanoides garnotii, an endemic seabird of the highly productive Humboldt Current System, to assess whether adults use the same foraging areas throughout the year, combining data from nest monitoring and global location sensors (GLS) deployed on 12 individuals between two breeding seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), in Choros Island (29°15′S; 71°32′W), Chile. Two main foraging areas were registered. During the breeding season, adults moved in the northern direction, between 60 to 144 km away from their colony, foraging in areas with high primary productivity. During the non-breeding period, they moved to southern latitudes (~ 1200 km). Adults spent 37% and 63% of their time in flight/land and on/underwater activities, respectively. We determined that birds move northward from their colony during breeding, where prey availability seems more predictable throughout the year. However, during the non-breeding period, it is likely that other environmental factors influence the distribution pattern of the Peruvian diving-petrel.
An efficient churn prediction model using gradient boosting machine and metaheuristic optimization
Authors: AlShourbaji Ibrahim , Helian Na , Sun Yi , Hussien Abdelazim G. , Abualigah Laith , Elnaim Bushra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCustomer churn remains a critical challenge in telecommunications, necessitating effective churn prediction (CP) methodologies. This paper introduces the Enhanced Gradient Boosting Model (EGBM), which uses a Support Vector Machine with a Radial Basis Function kernel (SVMRBF) as a base learner and exponential loss function to enhance the learning process of the GBM. The novel base learner significantly improves the initial classification performance of the traditional GBM and achieves enhanced performance in CP-EGBM after multiple boosting stages by utilizing state-of-the-art decision tree learners. Further, a modified version of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) using the consumption operator of the Artificial Ecosystem Optimization (AEO) method to prevent premature convergence of the PSO in the local optima is developed to tune the hyper-parameters of the CP-EGBM effectively. Seven open-source CP datasets are used to evaluate the performance of the developed CP-EGBM model using several quantitative evaluation metrics. The results showed that the CP-EGBM is significantly better than GBM and SVM models. Results are statistically validated using the Friedman ranking test. The proposed CP-EGBM is also compared with recently reported models in the literature. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art models showcases CP-EGBM's promising improvements, making it a robust and effective solution for churn prediction in the telecommunications industry.
Searching for intra-cloud positive leaders in VHF
Authors: Scholten O. , Hare B. M. , Dwyer J. , Liu N. , Sterpka C. , Mulrey K. , Veen S. Ter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe have used the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to search for the growing tip of an intra-cloud (IC) positive leader. Even with our most sensitive beamforming method, where we coherently add the signals of about 170 antenna pairs, we were not able to detect any emission from the tip. Instead, we put constraints on the emissivity of very-high frequency (VHF) radiation from the tip at 0.5 pJ/MHz at 60 MHz, integrated over 100 ns. The limit is independent on whether this emission is in the form of short pulses or continuously radiating. The non-observation of VHF radiation from intra-cloud positive leaders implies that they proceed in an extremely gradual process, which is in sharp contrast with the observations of other parts of a lightning discharge.