bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
الطرق الصوفية في أفريقيا ودورها في نشر الوعي والإخاء والتضامن الاجتماعي بين فئات المجتمع المختلفة
Authors: شيته منصور الصيد 
Published: September 2023

دخل الإسلام القارة الأفريقية مبكرا فاستوطن العديد من مناطقها ، وذلك عـن طريق التجارة تارة وعبر الدعاة والعلماء والطلاب والهجرات تارة أخرى وعـن طـريـق الطرق الصوفية التي وظفت التعليم والدعوة الخالصة لنشر الإسلام ، واللغة العربية في الأقطار العربية .
إن الزوايا الصوفية التي تطورت أساسا من مفهـوم الرباطات الإسلامية التي كانت مواقع متقدمة للجهاد والعبادة والتعليم والتربية والتطبيع الإسلامي تحولت تدريجيا إلى مؤسسات تربوية تعليمية اجتماعية ، وانتشرت في مختلف أنحاء أفريقيا بالمـدن والأرياف ، وتعددت أسماؤهـا ، واختلفت أساليبها وطقوسـهـا الـتـي كـانـت تنبع من مؤسسيها الأوائل . و بالرغم من الجدل المثار حاليا حول هذه الطرق وطقوسها وممارسات أصحابها ، وما أثارته من جدل وإشكاليات ومناظرات مع الفقهاء الذين أنكروا بعض ممارسات أصحاب هذه الطرق ، وأنها ليست من الإسلام في شيء ، إلا في هذه الورقة نتناول دور الطرق الصوفية في أفريقيا ، في نشر الوعي والإخاء والتضامن الاجتماعي بين فئات المجتمع المختلفة ، مستخدمين المنهج الوصـفـي مـن خلال الرجوع إلى الأدبيات المنشورة حول الطرق الصوفية في أفريقيا ، مـن خـلال المحاور التالية في ترتيب يتصدره مفهوم الطرق الصوفية ، وما هي العوامل الأساسية التي تقف وراء تشغيل هذه الطرق ، وأسباب انتشارها في أفريقيا ، ثم نتناول دورها في نشر الوعي والإخاء والتضامن الاجتماعي بين فئات المجتمع الأفريقي المختلفة ، ودور ثورة الفاتح من سبتمبر في تعزيز الإسلام ، والثقافة العربية في أفريقيا من خلال ما وفرته من دعم مادي و معنوي للمؤسسات التعليمية الأفريقية ، وإنشاء المؤسسات الاختصاصية التي تقوم بهذه المهام .
غلو التصوف
Authors: سويد عبدالله عبدالحمید 
Published: September 2023

التصوف هو التزكية، تزكية النفوس ونفس وما سواها فألهمها فجورها وتقواهاق أفلح من زكاها وقد خاب من دساها ، ويتناول لب الدين ، إذ الأعمال الصالحة ترتبط بصلاح القلوب والنيات ولن ينال الله لحومها ودماؤها ولكن يناله التقوى ونگم.
والدعوة الربانية تقوم على ثلاثة أركان أساسية هي :

العلم ويتمحور في دراسة القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة ، وكل العلوم

والمعارف الإنسانية .

التزكية وهي التصوف ويترتب عليه التربية الروحية ، وهي المعبر عنها بالإحسان،والتربية السلوكية والتي نعرفها من خلال السلوك .الدعوة إلى المنهج الرباني كما حدده القرآن العظيم .

والتزكية أو التصوف يظهر جليا عند العلماء العاملين ، والمتصوفة المحققين ، الذين سلكوا طريق العبادة والمجاهدة على علم ونور ، وحفظوا أنفسهم من الغرور ونفخ الشيطان . يقول الجنيد : « مذهبنا هذا مقيد بالكتاب والسنة ) .
DE QUE NÃO(S) NOS FALA A RESISTÊNCIA?
Authors: Izolan Daniela Rodrigues , Rodrigues Natália Gambogi 
Published: September 2023

O artigo discute o conceito de resistência e alguns dos seus desdobramentos semânticos. Parte-se de um percorrido no que concerne às concepções do termo na teoria psicanalítica e amplia-se para a esfera sociopolítica contemporânea, propondo uma aproximação dos sentidos da resistência nos campos em questão. Essa proposição abarca os “nãos” que são enunciados pelo conceito trabalhado nos diferentes aspectos: na neurose, na clínica do traumático, no âmbito social e, por fim, na sustentação da ética do fazer psicanalítico.
Do Education Grants Pay off for the MAOA?
Authors: Potter Genna R. , Mears Simon C. , Otwell Alexandra G. , Cannada Lisa K. 
Published: September 2023

Background The Mid America Orthopaedic Association (MAOA) began awarding education grants for residents and those new in practice (NIP) to attend the annual meeting in 1999 and to medical students since 2019. The purpose of this study is to report on grant winners, their gender, current position and MAOA membership. Methods The list of MAOA grant winners and their current membership status was obtained from the MAOA. A review of social media sites (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram), institutional and hospital websites were completed to determine current training or practice location for all award winners. Results 475 senior orthopaedic residents and 50 NIP physicians received a total of 538 MAOA grants. 84% NIP physicians stayed in the Mid-America territory representing 21 different practices. Of senior residents, 63.2% remained in MAOA region representing 63 practices. 38 medical students from 2019-2021 received a total of 44 grants from MAOA. 22 of 38 (57.9%) of medical student winners matched into orthopaedic residency. 18 of the 22 (81.8%) of medical students matched in MAOA territory while four students (18.2%) matched outside of the region. Of students that have not graduated, five of nine (55.6%) are still pursuing orthopaedics. 40% of NIP physicians, 22.3% of senior residents and 5.3% of medical student winners are current members of MAOA. Membership to the MAOA has been rising as the number of grants awarded increases. Females represented 10.5% of all MAOA grants winners (6% of NIP, 10.1% of senior residents, and 21.1% of medical student grants); however, there has been an increase in female grant winners since 1999. Conclusions 371 of 563 (65.9%) MAOA grant awardees continue to practice in MAOA states. The numbers of female grantees is increasing over time. Our data would indicate the continued value of MAOA education grants to students, residents, and new in practice orthopaedic surgeons. These grants serve to introduce trainees to MAOA, forge relationships with physicians in geographic proximity and allow for practice in scientific presentation. Though there is a trend in increasing membership, membership in the MAOA of grantees could be improved and a concerted drive to encourage membership and loyalty in the organization should be considered.
Pathway2Targets: an open-source pathway-based approach to repurpose therapeutic drugs and prioritize human targets
Authors: Dobbs Spendlove Mauri , M. Gibson Trenton , McCain Shaney , Stone Benjamin C. , Gill Tristan , Pickett Brett E. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Recent efforts to repurpose existing drugs to different indications have been accompanied by a number of computational methods, which incorporate protein-protein interaction networks and signaling pathways, to aid with prioritizing existing targets and/or drugs. However, many of these existing methods are focused on integrating additional data that are only available for a small subset of diseases or conditions.

Methods
We have designed and implemented a new R-based open-source target prioritization and repurposing method that integrates both canonical intracellular signaling information from five public pathway databases and target information from public sources including OpenTargets.org. The Pathway2Targets algorithm takes a list of significant pathways as input, then retrieves and integrates public data for all targets within those pathways for a given condition. It also incorporates a weighting scheme that is customizable by the user to support a variety of use cases including target prioritization, drug repurposing, and identifying novel targets that are biologically relevant for a different indication.

Results
As a proof of concept, we applied this algorithm to a public colorectal cancer RNA-sequencing dataset with 144 case and control samples. Our analysis identified 430 targets and ~700 unique drugs based on differential gene expression and signaling pathway enrichment. We found that our highest-ranked predicted targets were significantly enriched in targets with FDA-approved therapeutics for colorectal cancer (p-value < 0.025) that included EGFR, VEGFA, and PTGS2. Interestingly, there was no statistically significant enrichment of targets for other cancers in this same list suggesting high specificity of the results. We also adjusted the weighting scheme to prioritize more novel targets for CRC. This second analysis revealed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK14 and MAPK3). These observations suggest that our open-source method with a customizable weighting scheme can accurately prioritize targets that are specific and relevant to the disease or condition of interest, as well as targets that are at earlier stages of development. We anticipate that this method will complement other approaches to repurpose drugs for a variety of indications, which can contribute to the improvement of the quality of life and overall health of such patients.
Loss of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) accelerates dysregulated glucose and renal injury in db/db mice
Authors: Qiu Yuxiang , Kang Ningsu , Wang Xi , Yao Yao , Cui Jun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zheng Lu 
Published: September 2023

Background
End-stage renal disease is primarily caused by diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic properties. It also inhibits renal fibrosis. Although its physiological role is not fully understood, it also plays a role in the control of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods
In the present study, we examined male FXR & leptin receptor double knockout mice, in which weight, blood glucose, body fat, and other indicators were monitored. After 6 months of rearing, blood and urine samples were collected and biochemical parameters were measured. Fibrosis was assessed by Masson’s stain, while the assessment of the resuscitation case’s condition was performed using succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA) stain immunohistochemistry, which measures aerobic respiration. Expression of molecules such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), SMAD family members 3 (Smad3) and 7 (Smad7), and small heterodimer partner were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting as part of the application.

Results
FXR knockout decreased body weight and body fat in db/db mice, but increased blood glucose, urine output, and renal fibrosis. Primary mesangial cells (P-MCs) from FXR+/ + mice stimulated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) showed significantly higher levels of related fibrosis factors, TGFβ1 and Smad3 mRNA and protein, and significantly reduced levels of Smad7. These effects were reversed by the action of FXR agonist chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). P-MCs from FXR−/ − mice stimulated with TGFβ1 resulted in an increase in the expression and protein levels of collagen I and TGFβ1, and the addition of CDCA had no significant effect on TGFβ1 stimulation. However, compared with FXR+/ +db/db mice, the rate of oxygen consumption, the rate of carbon dioxide production, and the rate of energy conversion were increased in FXR−/ −db/db mice, whereas the SDHA succinate dehydrogenase, a marker enzyme for aerobic respiration, was significantly decreased.

Conclusions
These results provide evidence that FXR plays a critical role in the regulation of mesangial cells in DN. The likely mechanism is that aberrant FXR expression activates TGFβ1, which induces extracellular matrix accumulation through the classical Smad signaling pathway, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Measuring the quality of an objective structured clinical examination in a chiropractic program: A review of metrics and recommendations
Authors: Cade Alice E. , Mueller Nimrod 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a commonly used assessment of clinical skill. Ensuring the quality and reliability of OSCEs is a complex and ongoing process. This paper discusses scoring schemas and reviews checklists and global rating scales (GRS) for marking. Also detailed are post-examination quality assurance metrics tailored to smaller cohorts, with an illustrative dataset.MethodsA deidentified OSCE dataset, from stations with a checklist and GRS, of 24 examinees from a 2021 cohort was assessed using the following metrics: Cut scores or pass rates, number of failures, R2, intergrade discrimination, and between-group variation. The results were used to inform a set of implementable recommendations to improve future OSCEs.ResultsFor most stations, the cut score calculated was higher than the traditional pass of 50% (58.9.8%–68.4%). The number of failures was low for traditional pass rates and cut scores (0.00–16.7%), except lab analysis where number of failures was 50.0%. R2 values ranged from 0.67–0.97, but the proportion of total variance was high (67.3–95.9). These data suggest there were potential missed teaching concepts, that station marking was open to examiner interpretation, and there were inconsistencies in examiner marking. Recommendations included increasing examiner training, using GRSs specific to each station, and reviewing all future OSCEs with the metrics described to guide refinements.ConclusionThe analysis used revealed several potential issues with the OSCE assessment. These findings informed recommendations to improve the quality of our future examinations.
Unconditional Cash Transfers and Maternal Assessments of Children's Health, Nutrition, and Sleep
Authors: Sperber Jessica F. , Gennetian Lisa A. , Hart Emma R. , Kunin-Batson Alicia , Magnuson Katherine , Duncan Greg J. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Fox Nathan A. , Halpern-Meekin Sarah , Noble Kimberly G. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceChildren experiencing poverty are more likely to experience worse health outcomes, including injury, chronic illness, worse nutrition, and poorer sleep. The extent to which poverty reduction improves these outcomes is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a 3-year, monthly unconditional cash transfer on health, nutrition, sleep, and health care utilization among children experiencing poverty who were healthy at birth.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal randomized clinical trial recruited 1000 mother-infant dyads between May 2018 and June 2019. Dyads were recruited from postpartum wards in 12 hospitals in 4 US cities: New York, New York; Omaha, Nebraska; New Orleans, Louisiana; and Minneapolis/St Paul, Minnesota. Eligibility criteria included an annual income less than the federal poverty line, legal age for consent, English or Spanish speaking, residing in the state of recruitment, and an infant admitted to the well-baby nursery who will be discharged to the mother’s custody. Data analysis was conducted from July 2022 to August 2023.InterventionMothers were randomly assigned to receive either a high-cash gift ($333/mo, or $3996/y) or a low-cash gift ($20/mo, or $240/y) for the first several years of their child’s life.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary preregistered outcomes reported here include an index of child health and medical care and child sleep disturbances. Secondary preregistered outcomes reported include children’s consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods.ResultsA total of 1000 mother-infant dyads were enrolled, with 400 randomized to the high-cash gift group and 600 to the low-cash gift group. Participants were majority Black (42%) and Hispanic (41%); 857 mothers participated in all 3 waves of data collection. We found no statistically detectable differences between the high-cash and low-cash gift groups in maternal assessments of children’s health (effect size [ES] range, 0.01-0.08; SE range, 0.02-0.07), sleep (ES range, 0.01-0.10; SE, 0.07), or health care utilization (ES range, 0.01-0.11; SE range, 0.03-0.07). However, mothers in the high-cash gift group reported higher child consumption of fresh produce at child age 2 years, the only time point it was measured (ES, 0.17; SE, 0.07; P = .03).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, unconditional cash transfers to mothers experiencing poverty did not improve reports of their child’s health, sleep, or health care utilization. However, stable income support of this magnitude improved toddlers’ consumption of fresh produce. Healthy newborns tend to grow into healthy toddlers, and the impacts of poverty reduction on children’s health and sleep may not be fully borne out until later in life.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03593356
Beyond chromosome analysis: Additional genetic testing practice in a Down syndrome clinic
Authors: Harisinghani Ayesha , Raffaele Gabriella , Zawatsky Carrie Blout , Santoro Stephanie L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) and other genetic conditions have been reported to co‐occur in the same person. This study sought to examine the genetic evaluation beyond chromosome analysis of individuals with DS at one DS specialty clinic. Retrospective chart review of genetic testing performed beyond chromosome analysis, the indication for the genetic testing, and the result of the genetic testing from the electronic health record was performed. Demographic information was collected and summary statistics, including mean and frequency, were calculated. The charts of 637 individuals with DS were reviewed. Overall, 146 genetic tests in addition to routine chromosome analysis were performed on 92 individuals with DS. Tests included chromosomal microarray, gene panels, and whole exome sequencing. Tests were performed for the indication of: autism spectrum disorder, celiac disease, dementia, hematologic diseases, and others. Eleven individuals with DS were found to have a second genetic diagnosis. Individuals with DS in one multidisciplinary clinic for DS had a variety of genetic tests beyond chromosomes completed, for varied indications, and with some abnormal results leading to additional diagnoses. Additional genetic testing beyond chromosome analysis is a reasonable consideration for patients with DS who have features suggestive of a secondary diagnosis.
Development of structured W/O emulsions with the use of only candelilla wax
Authors: de la Peña‐Gil Anaid , Charo‐Alonso Miriam , Toro‐Vazquez Jorge F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigated the development of water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions using only candelilla wax (CW), evaluating the effects of different water to CW oleogel ratios (40:60, 50:50, 60:40) and the CW concentration (0.75% to 3%). The emulsions were developed by shearing the systems with an ultra‐turrax type homogenizer (60 s at 25°C) at the different water to CW oleogel ratios. After 0 and 20 days of storage (25°C) the emulsions were evaluated through microscopy, rheology, water droplet diameter, emulsion stability, and x‐ray diffraction measurements. The results showed that at all water to CW oleogel ratios the surface‐active components of the CW (i.e., triterpenic alcohols, aliphatic alcohols, and fatty acids) stabilized the oil–water interface, while the n‐alkanes and long chain esters formed an oleogel in the oil phase. Independent of the storage time, all the CW emulsions showed frequency independent rheological behavior. However, after applying a strain within the plastic region the 40:60 and 50:50 emulsions formulated with 1.5% to 3% CW provided the higher elasticity and emulsion stability, even after two freeze‐thaw cycles. In particular, the 40:60 and 50:50 emulsions with 1.5% CW had a recovery profile similar to commercial mayonnaise. In contrast, independent of the CW concentration, the 60:40 emulsions showed the lowest recovery profile and highest emulsion instability. These results showed the CW as a multifunctional material capable to develop structured W/O emulsions at room temperature without adding surfactants. The structured W/O emulsions developed by CW could be useful in the formulation of trans‐free, stable low‐fat edible spreads.
Improved LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A in human blood and application to therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Chen Feng , Yang Xiaoxia , Li Huanhuan , Zeng Xiaodan , Deng Ziwei , Wang Hongqiang , Jin Yuanxiang , Qiu Chengfeng , Shi Zhihua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn order to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A in clinical practice, a simple, rapid, robust, sensitive and specific LC–MS/MS assay was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A in human whole blood. Erythrocytes were destroyed using internal standard solution with 10% (w/v) zinc sulfate in water. The analytes were extracted from 100 μl of whole blood by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was conducted on a Kinetex PFP column (60°C) by a gradient elution with a flow rate of 0.450 ml/min in 2.5 min. Quantitative analysis was performed using electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode. The method was fully validated as per current guidelines on bioanalytical methodologies of the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. The method developed was applied successfully in analyzing clinical samples from patients administered tacrolimus or cyclosporine A. The sample treatment procedure was rationalized and improved to fulfill the complete target extraction. The chromatography conditions were optimized to achieve rapid and accurate quantification of both analytes. This method may be beneficial as a constructive input for the therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A in obtaining individualized therapy.
SIG/CR Workshop: Conceptual Crowbars and Classification at the Crossroads: The Impact and Future of Classification Research
Authors: Adler Melissa 
Published: September 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARYSpecial Interest Group/Classification Research (SIG/CR) explored the significance of studies on classification and its real world effects through paper presentations by students and faculty at the 2015 ASIS&T Annual Meeting workshop. Presenters looked at the effects of approaches to classifying and structuring knowledge and at the ways classification models frame similarities and differences and influence views of society and the world. Among the papers on specific models and cases were presentations on capturing situation semantics in metadata, classifications of violence and disasters and historians' perspectives on organizing information. Fundamental philosophical positions were shown to inform classifications, and the effects of classificatory systems evolve with time. Other papers addressed the cultural, political and theoretical consequences of compiling a controlled vocabulary, outsourcing metadata and information resources for classification of social and cultural issues. The workshop ended with the announcement of new officers and presentation of student scholarships.
Voice and Tone as Information Architecture
Authors: Garklavs Kate 
Published: September 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARYEssential components of effective content design in information architecture are the voice and tone of written communications. Voice is a consistent reflection of an organization's unique personality and core values, while tone varies by context and immediate purpose while still conveying a larger meaning. Together, carefully crafted voice and tone help an organization connect emotionally with its audience and convey messages with the appropriate intent. Codifying voice in an editorial style guide helps ensure consistency in content and nurtures audience loyalty. Elements to consider in communicating through the identified voice include sentence length and type, use of modifiers, punctuation and formality of expression. Tone should be tailored to typical user personas. It is useful to link tone to situations, feelings and communication in a table, to test by reading messages aloud to oneself and then share with colleagues and actual users and to vary elements to achieve the desired impact.