bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La population urbaine au Brésil : statistiques surestimées, géographie occultée. Les enjeux politiques et fonciers des catégories territoriales de l’Institut brésilien de géographie et de statistique
Authors: Chatel Cathy 
Published: June 2023

Cet article propose une critique des catégories
territoriales utilisées dans les recensements brésiliens par
l’Institut brésilien de géographie et statistique (IBGE). Les études
de cas présentées illustrent la difficile compatibilité entre des
données localisées de population et une approche géographique du
peuplement. De nombreux écarts apparaissent lorsque l’on confronte des
images de terrain (photographies) et satellitaires rendant compte des
formes réelles d’occupation du sol aux découpages officiels
distinguant les territoires urbains et ruraux. Ces décalages sont liés
à plusieurs facteurs : la définition légale de l’urbain, l’agrégation
des données, ainsi qu’une confusion entre population de la ville (ceux
concentrés au chef-lieu du município) et population urbaine totale
municipale. De tels écarts sont également la conséquence de processus
historiques et d’enjeux politiques, économiques et fonciers. Ils
affectent les résultats agrégés des données de recensements
(population urbaine, taux d’urbanisation…), ainsi que les résultats
locaux, pour chaque município. Les exemples analysés dans cet
article montrent que la richesse statistique et cartographique
diffusée par l’IBGE pourrait être mieux utilisée notamment pour
obtenir des mesures plus cohérentes des « degrés d’urbanité » ainsi
qu’une meilleure connaissance des différentes formes et densités du
peuplement dans le pays.
Le nouvel intégrisme : les conservateurs catholiques et la Nouvelle Droite brésilienne
Authors: Wink Georg 
Published: June 2023

Le courant qualifié de Nouvelle Droite au Brésil
n’est pas aussi nouveau qu’il y paraît. Parmi ses principaux
protagonistes figurent des groupes à orientation catholique
conservatrice qui préservent l’héritage de la TFP – Sociedade
Brasileira de Defesa da Tradição, Família e Propriedade [Société
brésilienne de défense de la tradition, de la famille et de la
propriété] et des associations plus anciennes comme le Centre Dom
Vital des années 1920. Bien que discrètement, les protagonistes de
cette mouvance sont revenus pour agir politiquement au cours de la
dernière décennie et exercer une influence sur le gouvernement
Bolsonaro. À la différence d’autres acteurs de la Nouvelle Droite
comme les militaires et les Églises (néo)pentecôtistes, ils n’ont pas
encore retenu l’attention du monde académique. Sur la base d’un
travail de terrain récent, cet article analyse la formation
idéologique historique des catholiques conservateurs et leur action
politique contemporaine par l’intermédiaire de l’Institut Plínio
Corrêa de Oliveira, du Centre Dom Bosco et de la Ligue du Christ-Roi
ainsi que de la société de production cinématographique Brasil
Paralelo [Brésil parallèle].
De la raison des Lumières à la raison illusionniste : considérations anthropologiques sur la « schismocratie bolsonariste »
Authors: Mota Fabio Reis , Bayarri Toscano Gabriel 
Published: June 2023

Cet article montre le caractère fondamental du
cadre théorique du « régime des schismes » dans l’étude du phénomène
de la soi-disant « extrême-droite ». Il repose sur une enquête
ethnographique effectuée à l’occasion de la victoire électorale de
Jair Bolsonaro, notamment menée devant sa maison, à Rio de Janeiro, au
soir du second tour. Ce que nous avons appelé le « régime de
schisme », et que nous considérons comme fondateur du
« bolsonarisme », y
apparaît marqué par l’auto-absorption dans des mondes particuliers,
formant une raison illusionniste qui contraste avec la raison des
Lumières.
Négationnisme, antimondialisme et défense de la liberté dans le « réactionnarisme » brésilien contemporain
Authors: Szwako José 
Published: June 2023

Cet article analyse le poids des métaphores de
genre dans la production de Brasil sem medo [Brésil sans peur], journal
ultraconservateur placé sous la tutelle intellectuelle d’Olavo de
Carvalho. Partant de la distinction entre conservatisme et
« réactionnarisme », notre analyse montre que la ligne éditoriale de
cette feuille visait les médias traditionnels, les consensus
scientifiques et les mesures sanitaires. Elle s’attachait aussi à
donner accès à la grammaire fortement genrée qui forme le socle
rhétorique de la dénonciation des organismes des Nations unies.
L’examen approfondi de cette doctrine met à nu, de façon inédite,
l’idéal réactionnaire de liberté qui est aujourd’hui au centre des
combats et des stratégies du « réactionnarisme » au Brésil.
Le cercle méridien de Repsold de Strasbourg : analyse d’implantation au sein du nouvel observatoire de l’université impériale
Authors: Issenmann Delphine 
Published: June 2023

Nouvellement créé par l’Empire allemand, l’observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, capitale alsacienne récemment annexée, est doté en 1880 d’un cercle méridien Repsold. Son installation se distingue par deux caractéristiques. La première est liée à son implantation : les besoins fonctionnels de l’appareil influencent non seulement la conception des locaux mais aussi l’organisation d’une partie du campus universitaire et l’aménagement urbain environnant. La seconde correspond à la complémentarité d’usage entre le cercle Repsold, voué à la recherche, avec l’autre instrument méridien, une lunette française Cauchoix issue du précédent observatoire de la ville. Installée dans la salle communiquant avec celle du cercle Repsold, cette lunette est quant à elle utilisée pour la formation des astronomes.
Risk factors for clinically significant diffuse parenchymal lung abnormalities persisting after severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Dhooria Sahajal , Arora Siddhant , Chaudhary Shivani , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Prabhakar Nidhi , Mohammad Nasim , Sharma Riya , Das Prabir , Kumar Yashwant , Garg Mandeep , Puri Goverdhan Dutt , Bhalla Ashish , Muthu Valliappan , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Agarwal Ritesh , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath 
Published: June 2023

Background & objectives:
The risk factors for clinically significant diffuse parenchymal lung abnormalities (CS-DPLA) persisting after severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia remain unclear. The present study was conducted to assess whether COVID-19 severity and other parameters are associated with CS-DPLA.

Methods:
The study participants included patients who recovered after acute severe COVID-19 and presented with CS-DPLA at two or six month follow up and control group (without CS-DPLA). Adults volunteers without any acute illness, chronic respiratory illness and without a history of severe COVID-19 were included as healthy controls for the biomarker study. The CS-DPLA was identified as a multidimensional entity involving clinical, radiological and physiological pulmonary abnormalities. The primary exposure was the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Recorded confounders included age, sex, peak lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), advanced respiratory support (ARS), length of hospital stay (LOS) and others; associations were analyzed using logistic regression. The baseline serum levels of surfactant protein D, cancer antigen 15-3 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were also compared among cases, controls and healthy volunteers.

Results:
We identified 91/160 (56.9%) and 42/144 (29.2%) participants with CS-DPLA at two and six months, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed associations of NLR, peak LDH, ARS and LOS with CS-DPLA at two months and of NLR and LOS at six months. The NLR was not independently associated with CS-DPLA at either visit. Only LOS independently predicted CS-DPLA at two months [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) (95% confidence interval [CI]), 1.16 (1.07-1.25); P<0.001] and six months [aOR (95% CI) and 1.07 (1.01-1.12); P=0.01]. Participants with CS-DPLA at six months had higher baseline serum TGF-β levels than healthy volunteers.

Interpretation and conclusions:
Longer hospital stay was observed to be the only independent predictor of CS-DPLA six months after severe COVID-19. Serum TGF-β should be evaluated further as a biomarker.
From Orthopaedic Museum: The Chatterjee’s Plate
Authors: Keshkar Sanjay , Mazumder Dilip Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Orthopaedics in India was developed by many stalwarts by their creativity, inventions, and innovations. “Chatterjee’s Plate” is one of them, which was conceptualised by Prof. (Dr.) M. L. Chatterjee of Calcutta National Medical College, Calcutta, and was manufactured by Calcutta Metallic in the mid-60s. This was being used for internal fixation in McMurray’s Osteotomy in old ununited cases of fracture neck femur. Though the “Chatterjee’s Plate” is not in use nowadays (due to the advent of newer and better implant and technology for such fractures), it is absolutely imperative to convey to posterity about this lifetime work and obsession of Prof. (Dr.) M. L. Chatterjee.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Item Analysis of Prevalidated and Nonvalidated Anatomy Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: Shenoy Varsha , Ravi Pallavi , Chandy Dane 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are widely used tools to test knowledge. Pre- and postvalidation of the MCQs are prerequisites to maintaining the standard of the questions. Prevalidation is done by subject experts before the test. Postvalidation (item analysis) uses three indices – item difficulty index (P), item discrimination index (D), and distractor efficiency (DE). This study was done with the aim to assess the quality of MCQs used during the formative assessments using item analysis indices and to compare the indices in prevalidated and nonvalidated MCQs.

Methodology:
The study used two sets of MCQ tests, conducted as a part of formative assessments for phase I MBBS students in the department of anatomy. Set 1 comprised nonvalidated MCQs and set 2 comprised prevalidated MCQs. The three indices were calculated for all the questions in both sets.

Results:
The average P value for set 1 was 57.62 ± 21.90 and that for set 2 was 59.27 ± 20.32. Average D value for set 1 was found to be 0.23 ± 0.36 and that for set 2 was 0.29 ± 0.15. In set 1, 37.5% of the MCQs had 100% DE, whereas, in set 2, 60% of the MCQs had 100% DE. Thirty percent of the distractors were nonfunctional in set 1, but in set 2, only 16.7% of the distractors were nonfunctional.

Conclusions:
Study results favor prevalidation and postvalidation of MCQs to develop a good-quality MCQ bank. It is imperative to use the MCQs having moderate difficulty, good discrimination power, and with all functional distractors in any given assessment.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in a 13-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Oluoch Chrispine Onyango , Ikol James , Mburugu Gitobu , Gachie Maxwell , Inyangala Dennis 
Published: June 2023

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is most common in men 40 years and above. It rarely occurs in childhood. As a result of the scarcity of cases, the pathogenesis is not clear, and treatment of BPH in this age group is challenging. This report focuses on a 13-year-old patient diagnosed with a histologically confirmed BPH, having presented with a 2-year history of recurrent hematuria and acute urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 287 g prostatic mass, with no signs of malignancy nor metastasis detected. A decision for open suprapubic prostatectomy was made. Postoperative follow-up at 1 year was uneventful. The possible causes of juvenile BPH have been postulated as gonadotropin supplementation for cryptorchidism and human chorionic gonadotropin-containing agent use by the mother during pregnancy. Our case had a history of the right inguinal undescended testis with scrotal orchidopexy done at 11 years of age. However, the patient had no history of human chorionic gonadotropin use, endocrinologic abnormality, or other possible contributing factors. His antenatal history was normal, with no use of human chorionic gonadotropin by the mother. Due to the very few reported cases, there is insufficient data to help understand the pathogenesis of childhood BPH.
Colonic Duplication Cyst with Gastric and Pancreatic Heterotopia: A Case Report
Authors: Tony Mwenyemali , Sam Odundo , Dedan Opondo , Etabale Mbayah , Bernard Awuonda 
Published: June 2023

Colonic duplication is an uncommon congenital anomaly within the alimentary tract which may be missed on clinical examination. Clinical symptoms are generally related to the involved site, size of duplication, or the associated ectopic mucosa. This is a case report of a 7-month-old female patient admitted in septic and hypovolemic shock, with severe anemia. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scans showed a left flank mass suggesting intussusception. The patient was first stabilized with intravenous fluids, intravenous antibiotics, oxygen, and blood transfusion. At laparotomy, the findings were a left paracolic cystic mass and an adjacent, complex retroperitoneal hemorrhagic mass. The histopathology report was consistent with a colonic duplication cyst with ectopic gastric and pancreatic mucosa. The patient improved after surgery and was discharged for routine outpatient follow-up. Colonic duplication should be included in the differential diagnoses in children presenting with palpable abdominal masses. Complete surgical removal of the symptomatic duplication is the treatment of choice.
Rupture of Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm with Pancreatitis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kang Taekyung , Kang Mi-Jin 
Published: June 2023

Vascular involvement of pancreatic pseudocyst is a rare complication that can potentially result in a fatal outcome. If there is vascular involvement, the splenic artery is most often involved; its rupture and massive bleeding into the peritoneal cavity or retroperitoneal space can lead to hypovolemic shock. We report on a 66-year-old-male patient, who initially presented with atypical chest pain and was diagnosed with a rupture of the splenic artery pseudoaneurysm resulting from chronic pancreatitis. The patient was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE).The patient’s condition improved and he was finally discharged without complications 22 days after admission. The splenic arterial involvement in the patient with pancreatic pseudocyst is an uncommon complication. Chest pain with pleuritic symptom is often misdiagnosed as cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. Proper management depending on hemodynamic stability can prevent a life-threatening event.
Plasmid and Total Protein Analyses of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Bacteria from Periplaneta americana (Coackroaches)
Authors: Popoola Omolara Dorcas , Efuntoye Moses Olusola , Agu Georgia Chinemenwa , Thomas Benjamin Thoha 
Published: June 2023

Background: The importance of plasmid-encoded Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) organisms in the dissemination of multi-drug resistance and complicated infections are contributory factors to treatment failure. Despite these, there is a paucity of information regarding plasmid-borne associated infection from primary sources including cockroaches while studies correlating total protein and plasmid-encoded ESBL are also limited especially in cockroaches. The objective of this study was therefore aimed at determining the presence of plasmid in the ESBL organisms from cockroaches as well as their total protein profiles.
Materials and Methods: Bacterial isolation, characterization and molecular identification were carried out in our previous work following standard recommended techniques. These molecularly identified organisms which were delineated into twenty-two (22) were further subjected to plasmid and total protein analyses using alkaline lysis and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) respectively.
Results: Results obtained identifies 18(81.8%) of the ESBL isolates to be harbouring plasmids of different molecular weights (2-21.5kbp). The total protein profile of the plasmid-encoded ESBL and the non-plasmid encoded ESBL reveals differential protein expression patterns except for two non- plasmid encoded ESBL isolates that have similar patterns as that of plasmid-encoded ESBL organisms (isolates 2 and 3).
Conclusion: There is a need to monitor the primary sources of infection in the epidemiological distribution of resistance. Improving environmental sanitation through proper disinfection of carrier insects may be a means to curtailing such spread.
Maternal Mental Health Needs When the Unexpected Happens: A cross-sectional study among mothers with preterm infants in Western Kenya
Authors: Mukabana Beatrice , Makworo G.M. Drusilla , Mwenda M.S. Catherine 
Published: June 2023

Background: Mothers of preterm infants are usually unprepared for the baby’s birth earlier than expected, making them face emotional problems. Preterm births have increased lately with World Health Organization reporting an estimated prevalence of up to 5–18% and Kenya reporting an 18.3% prevalence. Mothers of preterm infants need special support to help them cope with this stressful event. The study determined the mental health needs of mothers with preterm infants in the neonatal care unit.
Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study among 182 mothers with preterm babies admitted to neonatal care units of two referral hospitals in Western Kenya. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants and data was collected using a semi- structured pretested questionnaire and Critical Care Family Needs Inventory scale (CCFNI). Analysis was done using STATA 15 and a significance level set at P≤ 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.
Results: The majority of the respondents 67 (36.8%) were aged between 18-22 years and 34 (18.7%) were above 34 years. The majority, 148 (81.3%) of the mothers accepted that the needs indicated on the CCFNI scale were important. By subscales, responses from the information scale dominated the top-ranked "very important" and "important" responses. The items concerning "to have questions answered honestly" from the information scale and “to help with the infant's physical care” from the proximity scale were highly ranked “very important” (Mean, 3.50). Proximity and assurance sub-scales also dominated the top-ranked “very important” and “important” needs while support and comfort responses dominated the needs ranked slightly important. There exists at least a significant difference among the means at a p-value=0.006.
Discussion: The results are contrary to those from a study carried out in Saudia and Georgia which ranked needs from the assurance scale as most important, followed by proximity, information, comfort and finally support. However, the two studies are in agreement with the current study that needs from the support and comfort scales were least important. The difference could have been brought about due to the difference in the study population.
Conclusion: The most important mental health needs for mothers include proximity, assurance, and information. However, mothers with preterm babies in neonatal units have unmet mental health needs which should be addressed.
Awareness of the spectrum condition of autism among pre-primary school teachers in Western Kenya
Authors: Sadia Moses , Ayodo George , Amimo Fred , Itotia Serah , Obinju Christine , Ściborski Romuald J. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Autism is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders exhibited in early childhood with variable manifestations as children grow up. However, the level of awareness of the condition is poorly understood among pre-primary school teachers. This study, therefore, assessed the awareness of the spectrum condition of autism among pre-primary school teachers in western Kenya.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed and data collected from 321 participants using semi-structured questionnaires and Key Informant interviews. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and qualitative data analyzed thematically
RESULTS
The response rate was 76.9% with 16.8% (41) males and 83.2% (203) females. A total of 41.5% (n=110) of the teachers had never heard of autism. Of all teachers who had heard of autism, 100% (7) were from special needs schools, and 64.4% (67) and 45.1% (60) were from public and private schools, respectively. About 78.8% (105) of teachers perceived autism as a neurodevelopmental disability and academically challenged children, 15% (20) as a psychiatric illness similar to madness, 4.5% (6) as spiritual affliction/demon-possessed children and 1.5% (2) as parental neglected children.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This study shows that pre-primary school teachers have inadequate awareness of the spectrum condition of autism, and this limits educational service delivery. This study therefore recommends special training for pre-primary school teachers and improvement of the curriculum and training to include the spectrum condition of autism.
Predictors of Birth Asphyxia among neonates in Dodoma Region Tanzania: A matched case-control study
Authors: Gemuhay Helena Marco , Kalolo Albino , Ali Saada , Kibusi Stephen 
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION
There has been an increase in the morbidity and mortality rates among neonates born with Birth Asphyxia (BA) in Africa including Tanzania. Despite the efforts made by the stakeholders the problem of BA is still persistently increasing. The study aimed at determining the predictors of BA among neonates in the Dodoma region of Tanzania.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study employed a matched case-control study design and was conducted between May-August 2021. A total of 317 neonates were recruited in the study. Data were collected by using questionnaires whereby information related to maternal and neonatal characteristics was collected. The association between variables was determined using the Chi-square test and logistic regression.
RESULTS
Among the cases, the majority were females (68.36%) and 31.64% in the controls. Odds of developing BA were 3 times among neonates with meconium stains (AOR=3.731, C I [1.764,7.937]. p=0.0006), and 2 times among neonates with a birth weight of 2500-3999 (AOR =2.127, [1.110,4.078], p=0.0230) while not having complications during pregnancy was a protective factor (AOR= 0.326[0.171,0.624], p=0.0007).
CONCLUSION
Membrane rupture and birth weight were positively associated with BA and having no complications was negatively associated with BA.