bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutualistic interactions shape global spatial congruence and climatic niche evolution in Neotropical mimetic butterflies
Authors: Doré Maël , Willmott Keith , Lavergne Sebastien , Chazot Nicolas , Freitas André V. L. , Fontaine Colin , Elias Marianne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying species distributions and coexistence is both a priority and a challenge for biodiversity hotspots such as the Neotropics. Here, we highlight that Müllerian mimicry, where defended prey species display similar warning signals, is key to the maintenance of biodiversity in the c. 400 species of the Neotropical butterfly tribe Ithomiini (Nymphalidae: Danainae). We show that mimicry drives large‐scale spatial association among phenotypically similar species, providing new empirical evidence for the validity of Müller's model at a macroecological scale. Additionally, we show that mimetic interactions drive the evolutionary convergence of species climatic niche, thereby strengthening the co‐occurrence of co‐mimetic species. This study provides new insights into the importance of mutualistic interactions in shaping both niche evolution and species assemblages at large spatial scales. Critically, in the context of climate change, our results highlight the vulnerability to extinction cascades of such adaptively assembled communities tied by positive interactions.
Interparental conflict and adolescent emotional security across family structures
Authors: O'Hara Karey L. , Cummings E. Mark , Davies Patrick T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigated whether interparental conflict was differentially related to forms of emotional security (i.e., family, interparental, parent–child) and whether forms of emotional security were differentially associated with mental health problems for adolescents in married versus divorced/separated families. Participants were 1032 adolescents (ages 10–15; 51% male, 49% female; 82% non‐Hispanic White, 9% Black/African American, 5% Hispanic, 2% Asian or Pacific Islander, 2% Native American) recruited from a public school in a middle‐class suburb of a United States metropolitan area. We used multiple group multivariate path analysis to assess (1) associations between interparental conflict and multiple measures of emotional insecurity (i.e., family, interparental, and parent–child), (2) associations between measures of emotional insecurity and internalizing and externalizing problems, and (3) moderation effects of parent–child relationships. The patterns of association were similar across family structures. A high‐quality parent–child relationship did not mitigate the harmful effects of interparental conflict on emotional insecurity or mental health problems. Findings suggest that regardless of family structure, emotional security across multiple family systems may be a critical target for intervention to prevent youth mental health problems, in addition to interventions that reduce conflict and improve parent–child relationships.
A study on XFEM simulation of tensile, fracture toughness, and fatigue crack growth behavior of Al 2024 alloy through fatigue crack growth rate models using genetic algorithm
Authors: Gairola Saurabh , Rengaswamy Jayaganthan , Verma Raviraj 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aims to numerically validate and simulate the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR), tensile, and fracture toughness properties of T3 and T351 tempered aerospace grade Al 2024 alloy. The extended finite element method (XFEM) coupled with a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to predict FCGR behavior in the framework of an in‐house developed MATLAB code. The numerical simulation was performed using three different FCGR models, i.e., Paris, Forman, and Nasgro. The FCGR prediction ability of simulation models was improved and compared further using GA. The Nasgro model with genetically optimized parameters shows the highest FCGR prediction accuracy compared to other FCGR models. The critical stress intensity factor and von Mises stress distribution under static loading were also predicted for C(T) specimen. A similar XFEM approach was used for analyzing the tensile behavior using a center cracked specimen at the gage section of a dog bone‐shaped specimen.
Phase I study of a novel therapeutic vaccine as perioperative treatment for patients with surgically resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: The YCP02 trial
Authors: Nakajima Masao , Hazama Shoichi , Tokumitsu Yukio , Shindo Yoshitaro , Matsui Hiroto , Matsukuma Satoshi , Nakagami Yuki , Tamada Koji , Udaka Keiko , Sakamoto Michiie , Saito Akira , Kouki Yasunari , Uematsu Toshinari , Xu Ming , Iida Michihisa , Tsunedomi Ryouichi , Suzuki Nobuaki , Takeda Shigeru , Ioka Tatsuya , Doi Shun , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimDeveloping effective adjuvant therapies is essential for improving the surgical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunotherapy against HCC has become a promising strategy; however, only approximately 30% of all HCC patients respond to immunotherapy. Previously, we generated the novel therapeutic vaccine comprising multi‐human leukocyte antigen‐binding heat shock protein 70/glypican‐3 peptides with a novel adjuvant combination of hLAG‐3Ig and poly‐ICLC. We also confirmed the safety of this vaccination therapy, as well as its capacity for the effective induction of immune responses in a previous clinical trial.MethodsIn this phase I study, we administered this vaccine intradermally six times before surgery, and 10 times after surgery to patients with untreated, surgically resectable HCC (stage II to IVa). The primary end‐points of this study were the safety and feasibility of this treatment. We also analyzed the resected tumor specimens pathologically using hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for heat shock protein 70, glypican 3, CD8 and programmed death‐1.ResultsA total of 20 human leukocyte antigen‐matched patients received this vaccination therapy with an acceptable side‐effect profile. All patients underwent planned surgery without vaccination‐related delay. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that potent infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors with target antigen expression was observed in 12 of 20 (60%) patients.ConclusionsThis novel therapeutic vaccine was safe as perioperative immunotherapy for patients with HCC, and has the potential to strongly induce CD8+ T cells infiltration into tumors.
Whole‐body MRI for cancer surveillance in ataxia–telangiectasia: A qualitative study of the perspectives of people affected by A‐T and their families
Authors: Neves Renata , Perez Blanca de Dios , Tindall Tierney , Fernandez Natasha Schneider , Panek Rafal , Wilne Sophie , Suri Mohnish , Whitehouse William , Jagani Sumit , Dandapani Madhumita , Dineen Robert A. , Glazebrook Cris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAtaxia–telangiectasia (A‐T) is a complex inherited disease associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Surveillance guidelines have demonstrated significant health benefits in other cancer predisposition syndromes. However, evidence‐based guidelines for cancer screening are not currently used in the United Kingdom for people affected by A‐T. This study aims to understand how people with A‐T and their parents feel about cancer surveillance using whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to inform the future development of cancer surveillance guidelines.Design/MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with people affected by A‐T. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis.ResultsNine parents of children with A‐T and four adults with A‐T were interviewed. Five main themes emerged from the data, including (1) cancer screening was considered invaluable with the perceived value of early detection highlighted; (2) the cancer fear can increase anxiety; (3) the perceived limitations around current practice, with the responsibility for monitoring falling too strongly on parents and patients; (4) the need for effective preparation for cancer screening, including clear communication and (5) the challenges associated with MRI screening, where specific recommendations were made for improving the child's experience.ConclusionThis study suggests that stakeholders are positive about the perceived advantages of a cancer screening programme. Ongoing support and preparation techniques should be adopted to maximise adherence and minimise adverse psychosocial outcomes.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with A‐T and parents of people with A‐T were actively involved in this study by giving their consent to be interviewed. An independent parent representative contributed to the study, supporting the research team in interpreting and commenting on the appropriateness of the language used in this report.
Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour: molecular and immunohistochemical assessment of a series comprising non‐metastasising and metastasising neoplasms
Authors: Yu Sanhong , Sholl Lynette M , Siegmund Stephanie , Ulbright Thomas M , Collins Katrina , Colecchia Maurizio , del Pilar Gonzalez‐Peramato Maria , Michalová Květoslava , Gordetsky Jennifer B , Cornejo Kristine M , Kao Chia‐Sui , Wobker Sara E , Vargas Sara O , Maclean Fiona , Idrees Muhammad T , Anderson William J , Fletcher Christopher D M , Acosta Andres M 
Published: March 2023

AimsLarge cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour (LCCSCT) is a type of testicular sex cord‐stromal tumour that may occur sporadically or in the context of Carney complex and other genetic syndromes. A subset is clinically malignant, and the molecular mechanisms that drive such aggressive behaviour remain unknown.Methods and resultsWe analysed 21 samples from 20 patients with LCCSCT (12 non‐metastasising and eight metastasising) using PRKAR1A immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next‐generation sequencing. All tumours except two (cases 17 and 20, both metastasising) demonstrated loss of PRKAR1A expression. Among 11 cases with interpretable sequencing results, all harboured pathogenic single nucleotide variants of PRKAR1A. Evidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of PRKAR1A was present in all tumours with interpretable zygosity data, but the mechanisms of LOH were different for non‐metastasising and metastasising tumours. Non‐metastasising tumours demonstrated only copy‐neutral LOH, while metastasising tumours demonstrated a spectrum of mechanisms of LOH, including copy‐loss LOH, two concurrent mutations or copy‐neutral LOH. Relevant molecular findings in non‐metastasising LCCSCT were limited to PRKAR1A variants. In contrast, all metastasising LCCSCTs with interpretable data harboured additional pathogenic variants, including (but not restricted to) BRCA2 mutations with evidence of LOH and bi‐allelic CDKN2A/B deletions. Three patients harboured PRKAR1A variants of inferred germline origin, including one with Carney complex and two without known syndromic features.ConclusionsThis study further confirms that PRKAR1A IHC is a useful diagnostic tool for both non‐metastasising and metastasising tumours and suggests that molecular analyses can be helpful to identify non‐metastasising tumours with malignant potential in selected patients. Importantly, these results highlight that germline assessment could be beneficial for all patients presenting with LCCSCT.
What are the predictors of change in multimorbidity among people with HIV? A longitudinal observational cohort study
Authors: Casten Michael , Herbert Simone , Smith David J. , Petoumenos Kathy , Coorey Craig , Edmiston Natalie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionMultimorbidity is common among people living with HIV (PLWH), with numerous cross‐sectional studies demonstrating associations with older age and past immunosuppression. Little is known about the progression of multimorbidity, particularly in the setting of long‐term access to antiretrovirals. This study aims to determine factors predictive of change in multimorbidity in PLWH.MethodsPeople living with HIV who attended a regional HIV service were recruited to a consented observational cohort between September 2016 and March 2020. Demographic data, laboratory results and a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) were collected at enrolment and first clinical review of every subsequent year. Change in CIRS score was calculated from enrolment to February 2021. Associations with change were determined through univariate and multivariate linear regression.ResultsOf 253 people, median age was 58.9 [interquartile range (IQR): 51.9–64.4] years, 91.3% were male, and HIV was diagnosed a median of 22.16 years (IQR: 12.1–30.9) beforehand. Length of time in the study was a median of 134 weeks (IQR: 89.0–179.0), in which a mean CIRS score change of 1.21 (SD 2.60) was observed. Being older (p < 0.001) and having a higher body mass index (p = 0.008) and diabetes (p = 0.014) were associated with an increased likelihood of worsening multimorbidity. PLWH with a higher level of multimorbidity at baseline were less likely to worsen over time (p < 0.001).ConclusionAs diabetes and weight predict worsening multimorbidity, routine diabetes screening, body mass index measurement, and multimorbidity status awareness are recommended.
Study on the surface damage of green ZrO2 ceramics in dry cutting based on discrete element method
Authors: Zhu Qi , Liu Yayun , Xu Ziming , Sun Dachao , Wang Chuanyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiscrete element simulation model and cutting tests are conducted to investigate the surface damage during the machining of green ZrO2 ceramics. The discrete element simulation model (DEM) is developed based on the macroscopic physical and mechanical properties of the isostatically pressed green ZrO2 ceramics. The validity of the simulation model is verified by cutting tests on green ZrO2 ceramics. The results show that the physical and mechanical properties of the DEM model established by the PFC2D software are consistent with the macroscopic physical and mechanical properties of the green ZrO2 ceramics. The depth of cut, the cutting speed, and the tool rake angles have a large effect on surface/subsurface cracks. The tool rear angle has large effect on the distribution of the peak residual stresses. When the cutting force increases suddenly, the number of cracks produced increases sharply. Smaller cutting force can reduce the number of cracks and surface damage.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure and ultrasonic treatment on solubility and structural changes of rice bran protein
Authors: Yi Jia , Liu Kunlun 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe effect of non‐thermal treatment on the solubility and structural properties of rice bran protein was investigated. It was shown that the non‐thermal treatment significantly improved the solubility of rice bran protein, in which, HHP and US increased it by 76.69% and 136.75%, respectively. The structural analysis showed that the non‐thermal treatment reduced the β‐sheet content and increased the content of free sulfhydryl groups on the surface, indicating that the inter‐chain hydrogen and disulfide bonds of rice bran protein were broken and the protein structure shifted from order to disorder. And the internal chromogenic groups of the protein were exposed and tended to the hydrophilic environment, indicating the exposure of hydrophilic groups. This study provides a theoretical basis for non‐thermal modification of rice bran protein and its processing and utilisation.
AhR activation promotes Treg cell generation by enhancing Lkb1‐mediated fatty acid oxidation via the Skp2/K63‐ubiquitination pathway
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhu Yanrong , Lv Changjun , Fang Yulai , Liao Minhui , Xia Yufeng , Wei Zhifeng , Dai Yue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists have been reported to promote the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and the action mechanisms need to be identified. In this study, we addressed the underlying mechanism of AhR activation to induce the generation of Treg cells in the view of cellular metabolism. Naïve CD4+ T cells were purified with mouse CD4+ CD62L+ T Cells Isolation Kits. The proportions of Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry. The value of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of CD4+ T cells was detected by the Seahorse XFe 96 analyzer. The activation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)‐related metabolic pathways was detected by Western blotting. Intracellular localization of Lkb1 was detected by immunofluorescence. The Strad‐Mo25‐Lkb1 complex formation and K63 chain ubiquitination modification of Lkb1 were detected by co‐immunoprecipitation. The binding of AhR to the Skp2 promoter was detected by constructing luciferase reporter gene. AhR or carnitine palmitoyltransferases 1 was knockdown in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis or collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice by infecting mice with adeno‐associated virus via the tail vein injection. Compared to the control group, exogenous and endogenous AhR agonists 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) and 2‐(1′H‐indole‐3′‐carbonyl)‐thiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) were shown to preferentially upregulate the mRNA expression of FAO‐related enzymes and the value of OCR. Consistently, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of FAO markedly diminished the induction of DIM and ITE on the differentiation of Treg cells. DIM and ITE functioned mainly through activating the liver kinase B1 (Lkb1)‐AMPK pathway via promotion of Lkb1‐Strad‐Mo25 complex formation and Lkb1 K63 ubiquitination. DIM and ITE were also shown to upregulate the mRNA expression of Skp2, a ubiquitination‐related enzyme, and facilitate the binding of AhR to the xenobiotic responsive element of Skp2 promoter region by luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, the contribution of Skp2/K63 ubiquitination/Lkb1/FAO axis was verified in (DSS)‐induced colitis or CIA mice. In summary, these findings indicate that AhR activation promotes Treg cell generation by enhancing Lkb1‐mediated FAO via the Skp2/K63‐ubiquitination pathway, and AhR agonists may be used as inducers of Treg cells to prevent and treat autoimmune diseases.
GPR35 and mediators from platelets and mast cells in neutrophil migration and inflammation
Authors: De Giovanni Marco , Chen Hongwen , Li Xiaochun , Cyster Jason G. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryNeutrophil recruitment from circulation to sites of inflammation is guided by multiple chemoattractant cues emanating from tissue cells, immune cells, and platelets. Here, we focus on the function of one G‐protein coupled receptor, GPR35, in neutrophil recruitment. GPR35 has been challenging to study due the description of multiple ligands and G‐protein couplings. Recently, we found that GPR35‐expressing hematopoietic cells respond to the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA). We discuss distinct response profiles of GPR35 to 5‐HIAA compared to other ligands. To place the functions of 5‐HIAA in context, we summarize the actions of serotonin in vascular biology and leukocyte recruitment. Important sources of serotonin and 5‐HIAA are platelets and mast cells. We discuss the dynamics of cell migration into inflamed tissues and how multiple platelet and mast cell‐derived mediators, including 5‐HIAA, cooperate to promote neutrophil recruitment. Additional actions of GPR35 in tissue physiology are reviewed. Finally, we discuss how clinically approved drugs that modulate serotonin uptake and metabolism may influence 5‐HIAA‐GPR35 function, and we speculate about broader influences of the GPR35 ligand‐receptor system in immunity and disease.
Binder removal from ceramic stereolithography green bodies: A neutron imaging and thermal analysis study
Authors: McAleer Eoin G. , Alazzawi Mustafa K. , Hwang Chawon , LaManna Jacob M. , Jacobson David L. , Khaykovich Boris , Haber Richard A. , Akdoğan E. Koray 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStereolithography of ceramics remains one of the most powerful additive manufacturing routes for the creation of intricate ceramic parts. Despite its utility as a forming tool, ceramic stereolithography requires a challenging debinding stage due to the requisite high polymeric loading. Earlier research has identified both the polymeric resin composition and debinding atmosphere to be crucial factors in improving debinding performance. Here, we use a combination of thermogravimetric analysis and neutron imaging to examine samples of different compositions printed using the same processing and exposure parameters. We quantify the influence of both polyethylene glycol addition and the use of different debinding atmospheres (argon and vacuum) on the debinding behavior of ceramic pellets. Specifically, we demonstrate a method for examining the concentration gradients that develop during thermal debinding with the aid of neutron tomography. We find that at a constant heating rate of 1°C/min up to 500°C, vacuum atmosphere appears to result in a greater number of cracks as compared to the use of argon. The vacuum atmosphere led to the development of lower concentration gradients in the samples on average. The greatest improvement resulted with the addition of polyethylene glycol to the samples. This addition led to significantly less cracking and much lower concentration gradients in samples during debinding. These results prompt us to conclude that while keeping printing and exposure parameters constant, composition modification has a more significant effect on the debinding improvement than heating atmosphere.
Climatic stability recorded in speleothems may contribute to higher biodiversity in the Cape Floristic Region
Authors: Braun Kerstin , Cowling Richard M. , Bar‐Matthews Miryam , Matthews Alan , Ayalon Avner , Zilberman Tami , Difford Mark , Edwards R. Lawrence , Li Xianglei , Marean Curtis W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe geography and genesis of diversity remain an enduring topic in ecology and evolution. Mediterranean Climate Ecosystems (MCEs), with their high plant diversities in winter rainfall climates, pose a challenge to popular hypotheses evoking high water availability and temperature as necessary for the evolution of high diversity. We test the hypothesis of environmental stability as a driver for the evolution of regional‐scale floristic diversity using speleothem oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopic values as proxies for past climatic variability in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) and other MCEs.Locationsouth‐western Africa, California, Mediterranean Basin.TaxonPlantae.MethodsWe present new speleothem δ18O and δ13C records from a cave near Robertson in the western CFR. Stable isotope samples included in the analyses cover the time intervals between 240 and 670 ka BP with hiatuses at 630–500 ka and 360–310 ka. The dispersion of these stable isotope records is used as a measure for climatic variability. We compare our new analyses to speleothem records that cover full glacial and interglacial conditions in other MCEs (California and the Mediterranean Basin) as well as in eastern regions of the CFR. All sites used in this comparison have lower vascular plant biodiversity than the western CFR.ResultsAnalyses of the dispersion of the δ18O and δ13C datasets suggest that the highly diverse western CFR experienced climatic stability across several glacial–interglacial cycles, compared with the less diverse regions within and outside of the CFR.Main ConclusionThis result provides support for the hypothesis that lower extinction rates associated with Pleistocene biome stability may explain the higher diversity in the CFR relative to other MCEs.