bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in stage after neoadjuvant chemoradiation is associated with survival in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad M. , Lin Yue , Moeller Alexander R. , Yan Sherry X. , Dyer Michael A. , Suzuki Kei , Everett Peter , Litle Virginia , Truong Minh‐Tam , Mak Kimberley S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine if change in stage after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) was associated with improved survival in esophageal cancer using a national database.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, patients with non‐metastatic, resectable esophageal cancer who received neoadjuvant CRT and surgery were identified. Comparing clinical to the pathologic stage, change in stage was classified as pathologic complete response (pCR), downstaged, same‐staged, or upstaged. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to identify factors associated with survival.ResultsA total of 7745 patients were identified. The median overall survival (OS) was 34.9 months. Median OS was 60.3 months if pCR, 39.1 months if downstaged, 28.3 months if same‐staged, and 23.4 months if upstaged (p < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, pCR was associated with improved OS compared to the other groups (downstaged: hazard ratio [HR]: 1.32 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18−1.46]; same‐staged: HR: 1.89 [95% CI: 1.68−2.13]; upstaged: HR: 2.54 [95% CI: 2.25−2.86]; all p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn this large database study, change in stage after neoadjuvant CRT was strongly associated with survival for patients with non‐metastatic, resectable esophageal cancer. There was a significant stepwise decline in survival, in descending order of pCR, downstaged tumor, same‐staged tumor, and upstaged tumor.
Anatomic Variability of the Accessory Nerve: Implications for Dissection of Level IIB
Authors: Pagedar Nitin A. , Hoffman Henry T. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesDuring neck dissection, level IIB lymphadenectomy necessitates manipulation of the spinal accessory nerve that might be avoided and might cause postoperative disability. Current literature does not describe the effect of variation in the spinal accessory nerve in the upper neck. We sought to measure the effect of the dimensions of level IIB on nodal yield in level IIB and on patient reported neck symptoms.MethodsWe measured the boundaries of level IIB of 150 patients undergoing neck dissection. Level II was dissected and separated into levels IIA and IIB intraoperatively. Patient‐reported symptoms were assessed in 50 patients using the Neck Dissection Impairment Inventory. We computed descriptive statistics, and sought to identify correlation with the number and proportion of level IIB nodes and the number of metastatic nodes. Level IIB dimensions were analyzed as predictors of postoperative symptoms.ResultsWe measured 184 sides, with 37.7% of level II nodes found in level IIB. Mean accessory nerve length across level II was 2.5 cm. Every additional 1 cm in accessory nerve length was associated with two more level IIB nodes. At all accessory nerve lengths, meaningful numbers of nodes were present in level IIB. Accessory nerve length and other factors did not correlate with NDII scores.ConclusionsLonger lengths of accessory nerve across level IIB correlated with greater nodal yield. However, data did not point to an accessory nerve length cutoff below which level IIB dissection could be avoided. In addition, the dimensions of level IIB did not correlate with postoperative neck symptoms.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:154–159, 2024
The anoxic corrosion of mild steel in a cementitious repository environment
Authors: Senior Nicholas , Martino Taylor , Diomidis Nikitas , Gaggiano Roberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe long‐term disposal of low‐ and intermediate‐level radioactive waste is anticipated to involve the encapsulation of the material within a cementitious matrix before placement in a deep geological repository. After sealing, the waste repository will become anoxic and the corrosion of emplaced metals will result in the production of hydrogen gas. Knowledge of the rate at which this hydrogen is generated is valuable in that it permits the assessment of pressure build‐up within the repository. The corrosion behavior of mild steel has been monitored through the generation of hydrogen gas, under simulated repository conditions that mimic various stages of cement evolution. It was found that, when cement is used to encapsulate steel, the passage of several years is required for the steel and cement to reach a steady hydrogen production rate. Steel that is directly immersed in simulated cement pore water requires only months to stabilize. All measured steel uniform corrosion rates were significantly below 1 nm year−1 at 50°C, regardless of the test environment, after more than 4 years of exposure.
Experimental factors and their impact on understanding corrosion in anoxic environments
Authors: Senior Nicholas , Martino Taylor , Gaggiano Roberto , Diomidis Nikitas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe long‐term disposal of nuclear waste in deep geological repositories requires safe containment for up to one million years. To understand how the waste will respond to the gradually evolving environment, researchers can perform sensitive experiments in the laboratory to replicate the repository conditions at specific time points. In Belgium, spent nuclear fuel will be housed within a carbon steel overpack, which is encased within a cement buffer, which may include a stainless steel liner (the “envelope”). The range of corrosion behaviors for carbon steel, and to a lesser extent, stainless steel, has been studied through hydrogen evolution, an end‐product of oxidation under repository conditions. Considerable time may be required for metallic surfaces to approach a steady hydrogen evolution and this is dependent upon the starting condition of the specimen surfaces. The use of nominally‐similar materials can result in significant variation in the reported corrosion rates. The presence of cements, which generate their own hydrogen and influence water chemistry as a function of time, add complexity to even simple experimental configurations that requires careful interpretation.
Single‐peak solutions for a subcritical Schrödinger equation with non‐power nonlinearity
Authors: Liu Zhongyuan , Liu Ziying , Xu Wenhuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with the following slightly subcritical Schrödinger equation:
where is a nonnegative smooth function, , , , . Most of the previous works for the Schrödinger equations were mainly investigated for power‐type nonlinearity. In this paper, we will study the case when the nonlinearity is a non‐power nonlinearity. We show that, for ε small enough, there exists a family of single‐peak solutions concentrating at the positive stable critical point of the potential .
On a nonhomogeneous, nonlinear Dirichlet eigenvalue problem
Authors: Liu Zhenhai , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider a nonlinear eigenvalue problem for the Dirichlet ‐Laplacian with a sign‐changing Carathodory reaction. Using variational tools, truncation and comparison techniques, and critical groups, we prove an existence and multiplicity result which is global in the parameter (bifurcation‐type theorem). Our work here complements the recent one by Papageorgiou–Qin–Rădulescu, Bull. Sci. Math. 172 (2021).
Effect of Macromolecular Structure on Phase Separation Regime in 3D Printed Materials
Authors: Xiu Yuan , Bobrin Valentin A. , Corrigan Nathaniel , Zhang Jin , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, the fabrication of 3D‐printed polymer materials with controlled phase separation using polymerization induced microphase separation (PIMS) via photoinduced 3D printing is demonstrated. While many parameters affecting the nanostructuration in PIMS processes are extensively investigated, the influence of the chain transfer agent (CTA) end group, i.e., Z‐group, of macromolecular chain transfer agent (macroCTA) remains unclear as previous research has exclusively employed trithiocarbonate as the CTA end group. Herein, the effect of macroCTAs containing four different Z‐groups on the formation of nanostructure of 3D printed materials is explored. The results show that the different Z‐groups lead to distinct network formation and phase separation behaviors between the resins, influencing both the 3D printing process and the resulting material properties. Specifically, less reactive macroCTAs toward acrylic radical addition, such as O‐alkyl xanthate and N‐alkyl‐N‐aryl dithiocarbamate, result in translucent and brittle materials with macrophase separation morphology. In contrast, more reactive macroCTAs such as S‐alkyl trithiocarbonate and 4‐chloro‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazo dithiocarbamate produce transparent and rigid materials with nano‐scale morphology. Findings of this study provide a novel approach to manipulate the nanostructure and properties of 3D printed PIMS materials, which can have important implications for materials science and engineering.
RAB6A functions as a critical modulator of the stem‐like subsets in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Liangfang , Zhu Zhiwen , Zheng Yang , Yang Jiaqi , Liu Yuxin , Shen Tingyun , Li Mingyi , He Huijuan , Huang Haili , Dai Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRAB6A is a member of RAB GTPase family and plays an important role in the targeted transport of neurotrophic receptors and inflammatory cytokines. RAB6A‐mediated secretory pathway is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Defects in RAB6A‐mediated secretory pathway may lead to the development of many diseases, including cancer. However, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has not yet been revealed. We explored the regulatory role of RAB6A in the stem‐like subsets of CCA. We showed that RAB6A knockdown (KD) impedes cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties and epithelial−mesenchymal transition in vitro and that suppression of RAB6A inhibits tumor growth in vivo. We screened target cargos of RAB6A in CCA cells and identified a extracellular matrix component as the target cargo. RAB6A binds directly to OPN, and RAB6A KD suppressed OPN secretion and inhibited the interaction between OPN and αV integrin receptor. Moreover, RAB6A KD inhibited the AKT signaling pathway, which is a downstream effector of the integrin receptor signaling. In addition, shRNA targeting OPN blocked endogenous expression of OPN and consequently weakened CSCs properties in RAB6A‐formed spheres. Similarly, inhibitor of AKT signaling, MK2206 also impedes oncogenic function of RAB6A in the stem‐like subsets of CCA cells. In conclusion, our findings showed that RAB6A sustains CSCs phenotype maintenance by modulating the secretion of OPN and consequentially activating the downstream AKT signaling pathway. Targeting the RAB6A/OPN axis may be an effective strategy for CCA therapy.
Social and Ecological Impacts of Fire to Coastal Fisheries: A Study of the Kenai River Fishery (Alaska,USA)
Authors: Lamborn Chase C. , Smith Jordan W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn a rapidly changing environment where fires are becoming more frequent and severe, scientists and managers need information and tools to enhance understanding of the numerous ways in which fire can affect fisheries. We used Ostrom's social–ecological systems framework to structure the development and refinement of fuzzy cognitive maps with stakeholders across the Kenai River fishery in Alaska, USA. The process yielded a model characterizing the structure and function of the Kenai River fishery. The model was then used to guide interviews with stakeholders focused on the effects of the 2019 Swan Lake Fire. We identified seven direct pathways through which fire can affect the social and ecological components of a coastal fishery. We also used the model to guide a targeted literature review to further explore how fire can affect the components of the Kenai River fishery. This synthesis of information allowed us to develop a more complete understanding of the impacts of fire on the fishery—an understanding informed by input from local stakeholders (via our interviews) and relevant scientific and management literature (via our literature review). Lastly, we used the model to assess the fishery's vulnerability to fire. We discuss how early run Chinook SalmonOncorhynchus tshawytschaconstitute a highly vulnerable component of the system and have the greatest potential to impact the fishery as a whole through a chain of negative social and ecological interactions. This final step illustrates how the model can be used to assess the vulnerability of system components to specific threats. The model of the Kenai River fishery provides an empirically grounded and easily understood visual representation of the complex dynamics affecting coastal fisheries. As such, it can be used to structure discussions among managers and stakeholders, organize our understanding of how fire affects fisheries, and assess vulnerabilities to endogenous and exogenous stressors.
Science Priorities for Offshore Wind and Fisheries Research in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Ecosystem: Perspectives from Scientists at the National Marine Fisheries Service
Authors: Methratta Elizabeth T. , Silva Angela , Lipsky Andrew , Ford Kathryn , Christel Douglas , Pfeiffer Lisa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Offshore wind development (OWD) is set to expand rapidly in the United States as a component of the nation's effort to combat climate change. Offshore wind development in the United States is slated to begin in the Greater Atlantic region, where it is expected to interact with ocean ecology, human dimensions, fisheries data collections, and fisheries management. Understanding these interactions is key to ensuring the coexistence of offshore wind energy with sustainable fisheries and a healthy marine ecosystem. These anticipated interactions compelled the authors, all fisheries scientists or managers at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries who are actively engaged in offshore wind science to identify scientific research priorities for OWD in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf ecosystem, specifically in support of NOAA Fisheries' role as the nation's leading steward of marine life. We extracted and analyzed OWD research needs from existing scientific documents and used this information as the basis to develop a list of priorities that align with five major OWD science themes that are of high interest to NOAA Fisheries. These NOAA Fisheries themes include supporting the regulatory process; mitigating the impacts to NOAA Fisheries' surveys; advancing science to understand interactions with NOAA Fisheries trust resources, the marine ecosystem, and fishing industries/communities; advancing the science of mitigation for NOAA Fisheries trust resources and fishing industries/communities; and advancing data management methods. The areas identified as research priorities will support the coexistence of offshore wind and sustainable fisheries and inform the development of NOAA Fisheries' science plan for offshore wind in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf ecosystem as well as cross-sectoral science planning efforts at the regional, national, and international levels.
Optimal transplantation strategy using human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes for acute myocardial infarction in nonhuman primates
Authors: Li Hong‐mei , Wang Ting , Feng Yu‐yin , Sun Ke , Huang Guang‐rui , Cao Yu‐lin , Xu An‐long 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC‐CMs) have the potential to be a therapeutic option for myocardium restoration. However, hiPSC‐CMs of varying maturation and transplantation routes exhibit different reactivity and therapeutic effects. We previously demonstrated that the saponin+ compound induces more mature hiPSC‐CMs. The safety and efficacy of multi‐route transplantation of saponin+ compound‐induced hiPSC‐CMs in a nonhuman primate with myocardial infarction will be investigated for the first time in this study. Our findings indicate that optimized hiPSC‐CMs transplanted via intramyocardial and intravenous routes may affect myocardial functions by homing or mitochondrial transfer to the damaged myocardium to play a direct therapeutic role as well as indirect beneficial roles via anti‐apoptotic and pro‐angiogenesis mechanisms mediated by different paracrine growth factors. Due to significant mural thrombosis, higher mortality, and unilateral renal shrinkage, intracoronary transplantation of hiPSC‐CMs requires closer attention to anticoagulation and caution in clinical use. Collectively, our data strongly indicated that intramyocardial transplantation of hiPSC‐CMs is the ideal technique for clinical application; multiple cell transfers are recommended to achieve steady and protracted efficacy because intravenous transplantation's potency fluctuates. Thus, our study offers a rationale for choosing a therapeutic cell therapy and the best transplantation strategy for optimally induced hiPSC‐CMs.
Frailty trajectory predicts subsequent cognitive decline: A 26‐year population‐based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Li Ruidan , Liu Zheran , Huang Rendong , Chen Ye , Wei Zhigong , Wang Jingjing , He Ling , Pei Yiyan , Su Yonglin , Hu Xiaolin , Peng Xingchen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFrailty refers to a decline in the physiological functioning of one or more organ systems. It remained unclear whether variations in the trajectory of frailty over time were associated with subsequent cognitive change. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between frailty trajectories and subsequent cognitive decline based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A total of 15,454 participants were included. The frailty trajectory was assessed using the Paulson–Lichtenberg Frailty Index, while the cognitive function was evaluated using the Langa–Weir Classification. Results showed that severe frailty was significantly associated with the subsequent decline in cognitive function (β [95% CI] = −0.21 [−0.40, −0.03], p = 0.03). In the five identified frailty trajectories, participants with mild frailty (inverted U‐shaped, β [95% CI] = −0.22 [−0.43, −0.02], p = 0.04), mild frailty (U‐shaped, β [95% CI] = −0.22 [−0.39, −0.06], p = 0.01), and frailty (β [95% CI] = −0.34 [−0.62, −0.07], p = 0.01) were all significantly associated with the subsequent cognition decline in the elderly. The current study suggested that monitoring and addressing frailty trajectories in older adults may be a critical approach in preventing or mitigating cognitive decline, which had significant implications for healthcare.
Clinical features and underlying mechanisms of KAT6B disease in a Chinese boy
Authors: Sun Xiaoang , Luo Xiaona , Lin Longlong , Wang Simei , Wang Chunmei , Yuan Fang , Lan Xiaoping , Yan Jingbin , Chen Yucai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLysine acetyltransferase 6B (KAT6B) encodes a highly conserved histone acetyltransferase that regulates the expression of multiple genes and is essential for human growth and development.MethodsWe identified a novel frameshift variant c.3185del (p.leu1062Argfs*52) in a 5‐year‐old Chinese boy and further analyzed KAT6B expression and its interacting complexes and downstream products using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Furthermore, we assessed its three‐dimensional protein structure and compared the variant with other reported KAT6B variants.ResultsThe deletion changed the leucine at position 1062 into an arginine, resulting in translation termination after base 3340, which may have affected protein stability and protein–protein interactions. KAT6B mRNA expression levels in this case were substantially different from those of the parents and controls in the same age range. There were also significant differences in mRNA expression levels among affected children's parents. RUNX2 and NR5A1, downstream products of the gene, affect the corresponding clinical symptoms. The mRNA expression levels of the two in children were lower than those of their parents and controls in the same age range.ConclusionThis deletion in KAT6B may affect protein function and cause corresponding clinical symptoms through interactions with key complexes and downstream products.
Alpha‐enolase 1 knockdown facilitates the proliferation and invasion of villous trophoblasts by upregulating COX‐2
Authors: Tang Huaiyun , Pan Linqing , Tang Lisha , Liu Jiayin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnolase 1 (ENO1) is a metabolic enzyme which participates in pyruvate synthesis and ATP production in cells. Previously, differential expression of ENO1 was discovered in villous tissues between recurrent miscarriage and induced abortion. This study was designed to explore whether ENO1 influences the proliferation and invasion of villous trophoblasts and the related molecular mechanisms.MethodsFirst, ENO1 expression in placental villus tissues collected from recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients and women for induced abortion as well as in trophoblast‐derived cell lines was detected by RT‐qPCR and western blotting. ENO1 localization and expression in villus tissues were further confirmed through immunohistochemistry staining. Then, the effects of ENO1 downregulation on trophoblast Bewo cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process were evaluated by CCK‐8 assay, transwell assay, and western blotting. As for the regulatory mechanism of ENO1, the expression of COX‐2, c‐Myc and cyclin D1 in Bewo cells after ENO1 knockdown was finally evaluated by RT‐qPCR and western blotting.ResultsENO1 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm, with very small amounts in the nucleus of trophoblast cells. ENO1 expression in the villi tissues of RM patients was significantly increased, when compared with the villous tissues of healthy controls. Furthermore, Bewo cells, a trophoblast cell line with relatively higher expression of ENO1, was used to downregulate the ENO1 expression by ENO1‐siRNA transfection. ENO1 knockdown significantly facilitated Bewo cell growth, EMT process, migration, and invasion. ENO1 silencing markedly elevated COX‐2, c‐Myc, and cyclin D1 expression.ConclusionENO1 may participate in the development of RM via suppressing the growth and invasion of villous trophoblasts via reducing the expression of COX‐2, c‐Myc, and cyclin D1.