bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting effects of vineyard type, soil and landscape factors on ground‐ versus above‐ground‐nesting bees
Authors: Wersebeckmann Vera , Warzecha Daniela , Entling Martin H. , Leyer Ilona 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Agricultural intensification and abandonment of traditional agricultural practices are main drivers of current insect declines. The resulting loss of feeding and nesting opportunities has led to a decrease in pollinator populations like wild bees. While the restoration of floral resources has been widely implemented in wild bee conservation, nesting resources, particularly for ground‐nesting species, are barely considered.

We assessed wild bee diversity in a wine‐growing area in Germany in 15 study sites along a soil gradient and evaluated whether wild bees were distinctly affected by different vineyard types (vertically oriented, terraced, abandoned), local conditions (e.g. shrub and flower cover) and landscape factors in response to divergent nesting needs (above‐ground vs. ground‐nesting).

We found that wild bees responded more strongly to the availability of nesting sites than to flower resources. While ground‐nesting bees were determined by the suitability of soil aspects for nesting irrespective of vineyard management types, above‐ground‐nesting bees profited from vineyard abandonment and shrub encroachment in vineyard fallows and were enhanced by the availability of semi‐natural habitats (SNHs) in the surrounding landscape. In contrast, floral resource availability in managed vineyards had only marginal effects on above‐ground‐nesting bees.

Synthesis and applications: Life‐history traits like nesting strategies have long been neglected in wild bee conservation approaches, but proved to be highly relevant, especially for ground‐nesting bees. For this, agri‐environmental schemes can no longer solely focus on the restoration of floral resources, but should equally address nesting resources. Therefore, management efforts for enhancing wild bees in vineyard landscapes should aim at complementing nesting resources for ground‐nesting bees (e.g. exposed bare ground patches) and above‐ground‐nesting bees (e.g. woody elements, hedges) in addition to floral resources. At the landscape level, conserving heterogeneous landscapes at a mixture of actively managed vineyards and semi‐natural and woody elements is significant to maintain diverse bee communities.
Scalar properties of the transnational field of human rights: Field effects and human rights in Bahrain
Authors: Bhatia Luke G. G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhilst a body of work exists that has engaged with and conceptualised transnational fields, and in particular for this paper, the transnational field of human rights, more work needs to be done to elaborate on the effects of transnational fields, at the national level. Using Bourdieu's field theory, and more recent scholarship that focuses on scalar aspects of fields, this research focuses on a human rights field at the national level in Bahrain. The paper addresses two levels/dimensions of the transnational field of human rights: the transnational level and the national level, focussing on the field's vertical autonomy. Based upon nineteen in‐depth interviews, the research retrieves the biographical trajectories of Bahraini human rights activists and activists from iNGOs with a specific remit that includes Bahrain. The paper argues that the vertical autonomy of the transnational field of human rights has demonstrable field effects at the national level, and that this has a number of implications. First, where transnational fields have greater vertical autonomy, the national level can operate with varying hierarchies, with actors adopting practices that diverge from those acting transnationally. Second, as a result of these scalar differences and the vertical autonomy of the transnational field, actors at the national level may have to adapt their practices, others can be side‐lined as a result of ‘symbolic pollution.’ Third, in order for local actors to engage with transnational advocacy networks, they must be the right type of actor.
Insights into the divergent evolution of the oceanic squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) from the Indian Ocean
Authors: JEENA Nikarthil S. , SAJIKUMAR Kurichithara K. , RAHUMAN Summaya , RAGESH Nadakkal , KOYA K. P. Said , CHINNADURAI Shunmugavel , SASIKUMAR Geetha , MOHAMED Kolliyil S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSthenoteuthis oualaniensis is known for its complex population structure with three major transoceanic forms (viz. middle‐sized, dwarf, and giant forms) whose taxonomic status has been disputed for decades. This integrated taxonomic study examines these prevenient morphotypes gathered on cruises in the Indian Ocean to ascertain their status in the evolutionary history of the species. Molecular analyses employing mitochondrial (COI, ND2) and nuclear (H3) markers revealed four genetically distinct and novel lineages of the species in the Indian Ocean, representing three morphotypes from the Arabian Sea and one from the Southern Indian Ocean. The mitochondrial‐based phylograms revealed two distinct clades in the species: “dwarf forms + giant form” and “middle‐sized forms,” which further branch into geographically structured evolutionary units. Species delimitation analyses recovered five distinct clades, namely, the Arabian Sea giant and dwarf forms, Equatorial, Eastern Typical, and Other Middle‐sized forms, representing the consensus molecular operational taxonomic units. H3 being heterozygous could not resolve the phylogeny. Haplotype network and AMOVA analysis of mtDNA genes indicated explicit phylogeographic structuring of haplotypes, whereas these outputs and PCA results were incongruent with the morphological grouping. Phenetic features distinguishing the morphotypes were sometimes plastic and mismatched with the genotypes. The giant form was genetically close to the dwarf forms, contradicting the earlier notion that it descended from the middle‐sized form. It may be assumed that the dwarf form evolved following sympatric speciation and adaptation to warm equatorial waters, while the focal features of the Western Arabian Sea guide toward allopatric speciation of the giant form.
Flight performance and wing morphology in the bat Carollia perspicillata: biophysical models and energetics
Authors: CARNEIRO Lucas de Oliveira , MELLADO Breno , NOGUEIRA Marcelo Rodrigues , CRUZ‐NETO Ariovaldo Pereira da , MONTEIRO Leandro Rabello 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudies on functional performance are important to understand the processes responsible for the evolution of diversity. Morphological trait variation within species influences the energetic cost of locomotion and impacts life history traits, with ecological and evolutionary consequences. This study examined wing morphology correlates of flight performance measured by energetic expenditure in the Seba's short‐tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata. In the flight experiments, nature caught bats (59 females, 57 males) were allowed to fly for 3 min in a room. After each flight, thermographic images were taken to measure body temperature, and biophysical models were used to calculate sensible heat loss as a measure of energetic expenditure. Wing morphological traits were measured for each individual and associated with heat loss and power required to fly on performance surfaces. Wing morphological traits explained 7–10% of flight energetic cost, and morphologies with the best performance would save the energy equivalent to 9–30% of total daily requirements. The optimal performance areas within the C. perspicillata morphospace were consistent with predicted selection trends from the literature. A trade‐off between demands for flight speed and maneuverability was observed. Wing loading and camber presented sexual dimorphism. These morphological differences are likely associated with more economical but less maneuverable flight in females, leading them to fly more often in open areas along the forest edge. Our findings demonstrate how small scale changes in wing morphology can affect life history strategies and fitness.
Effect of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on the rate of decline in kidney function: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Duo Yanbei , Gao Junxiang , Yuan Tao , Zhao Weigang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of sodium/glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) on renal function during the course of its administration, particularly in the initial weeks.Materials and MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to SGLT‐2i were searched in databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register) from the database's inception to August 31, 2021. All RCTs reported the kidney outcomes of SGLT2i versus active or placebo control were included, regardless of the presence of diabetes in the patients and the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. All outcome comparisons were performed using the RevMan 5.4 software.ResultsEleven RCTs with 58 534 participants reporting prespecified renal outcomes were identified. There was no heterogeneity in the baseline eGFR and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio in the included studies. In the initial 2–4 weeks, there was an acute decline of eGFR in the SGLT‐2i group compared with placebo group (weighted mean difference [WMD] −3.35 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI, −3.81 to −2.90; I2 = 35%, p = .15); When compared to baseline eGFR in the SGLT‐2i group, the WMD was −4.02 ml/min/1.73 m2 (95% confidence interval [CI], −3.61 to −4.44; I2 = 0%, p = .45). The renoprotective effect gradually appeared, and the decline rate of eGFR in the SGLT‐2i group was sustained slower than placebo. However, the statistically significant benefit of SGLT‐2i did not appear until the 104th week (the second year) (WMD 0.35 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.66; I2 = 45%, p = .08). Subgroup analysis showed SGLT‐2i had a similar benefit on renal function regardless of baseline eGFR values.ConclusionSGLT‐2i consistently slowed the deterioration of eGFR since the early stage of administration, even in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, there was an acute decline in eGFR in the initial 2–4 weeks; afterwards the renoprotective effect of SGLT‐2i gradually appeared and remained stable in the next few years.
Development and evaluation of a risk algorithm predicting alcohol dependence after early onset of regular alcohol use
Authors: Bharat Chrianna , Glantz Meyer D. , Aguilar‐Gaxiola Sergio , Alonso Jordi , Bruffaerts Ronny , Bunting Brendan , Caldas‐de‐Almeida José Miguel , Cardoso Graça , Chardoul Stephanie , de Jonge Peter , Gureje Oye , Haro Josep Maria , Harris Meredith G. , Karam Elie G. , Kawakami Norito , Kiejna Andrzej , Kovess‐Masfety Viviane , Lee Sing , McGrath John J. , Moskalewicz Jacek , Navarro‐Mateu Fernando , Rapsey Charlene , Sampson Nancy A. , Scott Kate M. , Tachimori Hisateru , ten Have Margreet , Vilagut Gemma , Wojtyniak Bogdan , Xavier Miguel , Kessler Ronald C. , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsLikelihood of alcohol dependence (AD) is increased among people who transition to greater levels of alcohol involvement at a younger age. Indicated interventions delivered early may be effective in reducing risk, but could be costly. One way to increase cost‐effectiveness would be to develop a prediction model that targeted interventions to the subset of youth with early alcohol use who are at highest risk of subsequent AD.DesignA prediction model was developed for DSM‐IV AD onset by age 25 years using an ensemble machine‐learning algorithm known as ‘Super Learner’. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) assessed variable importance.Setting and ParticipantsRespondents reporting early onset of regular alcohol use (i.e. by 17 years of age) who were aged 25 years or older at interview from 14 representative community surveys conducted in 13 countries as part of WHO's World Mental Health Surveys.MeasurementsThe primary outcome to be predicted was onset of life‐time DSM‐IV AD by age 25 as measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a fully structured diagnostic interview.FindingsAD prevalence by age 25 was 5.1% among the 10 687 individuals who reported drinking alcohol regularly by age 17. The prediction model achieved an external area under the curve [0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.74–0.81] higher than any individual candidate risk model (0.73–0.77) and an area under the precision‐recall curve of 0.22. Overall calibration was good [integrated calibration index (ICI) = 1.05%]; however, miscalibration was observed at the extreme ends of the distribution of predicted probabilities. Interventions provided to the 20% of people with highest risk would identify 49% of AD cases and require treating four people without AD to reach one with AD. Important predictors of increased risk included younger onset of alcohol use, males, higher cohort alcohol use and more mental disorders.ConclusionsA risk algorithm can be created using data collected at the onset of regular alcohol use to target youth at highest risk of alcohol dependence by early adulthood. Important considerations remain for advancing the development and practical implementation of such models.
Host selection behaviour of the banded pine weevil, Pissodes castaneus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Germano Mónica D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pissodes castaneus represents an emerging pest species for Pinus spp. production in Latin America. This species attacks all the cultivated pine species in Patagonia Argentina causing wood damage and tree death. The objectives of this work were to describe the host preference behaviour of P. castaneus and the influence of wood damage by conspecifics on its host selection.
In two‐choice bioassays, P. castaneus showed a feeding preference for Pinus contorta over P. ponderosa. However, percent weight gain when feeding on either species was similar.
In other bioassays, P. castaneus spent more time in areas with twigs on which other conspecifics had recently fed, although they were able to successfully feed on twigs without previous damage.
These results show that while P. castaneus can successfully colonize different pine species, P. contorta may be more susceptible to attack than P. ponderosa. Silvicultural management should be prioritized considering the weevil's preference for attacking damaged hosts.
The positive effects of online group singing on psycho‐physiological variables during the COVID‐19 pandemic—A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schäfer Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe psychological variables that were particularly influenced by social distancing during the COVID‐19 pandemic—stress, loneliness, social participation, and well‐being—correspond closely to variables that can also be influenced by music. The present study is a pilot randomized controlled trial examining the effects of online group singing on psycho‐physiological variables during the pandemic. Over 4 weeks, an online singing group sang together once a week, for 1 h, under the guidance of a professional voice coach. In a first control group, participants also met for 60 min per week but only discussed and exchanged personal experiences about music. A second control condition consisted of a waiting list group. Across all variables studied (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, stress, loneliness, social participation, self‐efficacy, and body perception), positive effects were revealed in the singing group and in the discussion group, but not in the waiting list group. The effects of the variables self‐efficacy, social participation, loneliness, and life satisfaction were markedly stronger in the singing group than in the discussion group. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of group singing on a number of psycho‐physiological variables, which can be used profitably in and outside of times of crisis, in both clinical and non‐clinical settings.
Assessment of the influence of Fc‐γ receptor polymorphisms on biologics' pharmacokinetics in Tunisian rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Mahmoud Ines , Moalla Myriam , Ben Tekaya Aicha , Charfi Rim , Rouached Leila , Bouden Selma , Tekaya Rawdha , Saidane Olfa , Abdelmoula Leila , Sfar Imen 
Published: January 2023

AimsThis study aims to determine whether a modification in Fc‐γ receptors' (FcgRs) affinity to Fc portion, caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms such as rs1801274‐R131H FcgRIIa, rs396991‐F158V FcgRIIIa and NA1/NA2‐FcgRIIIb, might impact clearance of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and thus serum drug levels and the development of anti‐drug antibodies.MethodsA cross sectional, multicentral and noninterventional study was conducted in Tunisian RA patients treated with rituximab (RTX), etanercept (ETA), infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADL). Serum drug level (SDL) of the different biologics and ADA against them were measured. All patients were genotyped for the 3 FcgR single nucleotide polymorphisms.ResultsA total of 81 patients were included: 47 were under tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (18 ETA, 13 ADL and 16 IFX), and 34 were under RTX. Regardless of the type of biotherapy, SDL was in therapeutic range, in 35 patients (43.2%), of whom only 1 was treated with RTX. Fourteen patients (22.2%) developed ADA, but none of the patients treated with ETA had detectable ADA levels. There was no association between SDL positivity and FcgR polymorphisms. However, the high affinity FcgR2A 131 H/H receptor was statistically more prevalent in patients with detectable ADA treated with ADL, IFX and RTX (P = .018). The same result was obtained in the monoclonal antibody tumour necrosis factor inhibitor subgroup (n = 29, P = .022) as well as in patients treated only with IFX (n = 16, P = .029).ConclusionOur work supports the hypothesis of an impact of FcgR single nucleotide polymorphisms on biologics' immunogenicity, particularly FcgR R131H polymorphism, but further studies with larger cohorts need to be undertaken to confirm these results.
Equity and COVID‐19 treatment allocation: A questionable criterion
Authors: Vogelstein Eric , Krishnamurthi Guha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a controversial criterion for allocating scarce medical treatment has been defended and incorporated into policy: the criterion of equity. Equity‐included allocation schemes prioritize, to some degree, patients from marginalized or historically disadvantaged racial/ethnic groups, or patients with low socioeconomic status, for scarce treatment. The use of such criteria has been most prominently defended in two ways: (1) as reflecting a risk factor for severe COVID‐19, and thus as a way of tracking medical need, and (2) as a form of remedial justice, viz. a way of redressing disparities in COVID outcomes that are caused by underlying unjust social conditions. Here, we delineate and critique those arguments. We argue that not only are such arguments unconvincing but also that there are compelling moral reasons to reject the sort of equity‐included allocation schemes at issue.
Incidence of self‐harm after bariatric surgery: A nationwide registry‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Dahlberg Karuna , Jaensson Maria , Cao Yang , Näslund Erik , Stenberg Erik 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe aims of this study were to evaluate the longitudinal risk of self‐harm and the risk factors for self‐harm after bariatric surgery in patients and control subjects without prior self‐harm. This observational cohort study was based on prospectively registered data. Patients 18–70 years at time of surgery, body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, who underwent a primary Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) procedure or a primary sleeve gastrectomy between 2007 and 2019 were considered for inclusion. All patients who met the inclusion criteria were matched 1:10 to the general population in Sweden (69 492 patients vs. 694 920 controls). After excluding patients and controls with previous self‐harm, a self‐harm event occurred in 1408 patients in the surgical group (incidence rate (IR) 3.54/1000 person‐years, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.36–3.73) versus in 3162 patients in the control group (IR 0.81/1000 person‐years, 95% CI 0.78–0.84), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.38 (95% CI 4.11–4.66, p < .001). Median follow‐up time was 6.1 years. Risk factors were younger age, lower BMI, cardiovascular, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, all aspects of psychiatric comorbidities (except neuropsychiatric disorder), lower socioeconomic status, RYGB, lower health‐related quality of life, lower postoperative weight loss, and not attending postoperative follow‐up visits. Self‐harm is clearly higher after bariatric surgery than in the general population. A qualitative follow‐up may be particularly important for patients at increased risk.
COVID‐19 associated development of antibody mediated rejection in orthotopic heart transplantation patients
Authors: Marek‐Iannucci Stefanie , Rajapreyar Indranee N. , Huaman Maria Gamero , Uber Patricia , Alvarez Rene , Rame Eduardo J. , Brailovsky Yevgeniy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolid organ transplant candidates encountered increased wait times and mortality rates during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Despite improvement in medical management and vaccination efficacy, this patient population remains at increased risk for complications post COVID‐19 including organ rejection. We describe the development of antibody mediated rejection with or without cellular rejection in heart transplant (HT) recipients and previous COVID‐19 infection or vaccination. Although centers have changed their management of outpatient follow‐up for orthotopic heart transplant patients, little is known on surveillance of rejection and management of HT recipients after COVID‐19 infection. We recommend frequent surveillance for rejection or allograft dysfunction after COVID‐19 infection. We have adopted a transplant surveillance protocol for HT recipients with COVID‐19 infection, given our recent experience with transplanted patients affected of COVID‐19.
Molecular characteristics of low‐grade serous carcinoma in effusions
Authors: Doutel Delfim , Davidson Ben , Nitschke Pettersen Ina Kathrine , Torgunrud Annette 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe molecular characteristics of low‐grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) in serous effusions have not been studied previously. The present study analysed the molecular profile of LGSC at this anatomical site.MethodsSpecimens consisted of a series of 17 serous effusions (15 peritoneal, 2 pleural) from 16 patients, of which 15 were LGSC and 2 serous borderline tumour (SBT) who later progressed to LGSC. For comparative purposes, 9 surgical specimens from 6 patients with LGSC were analysed. Fresh‐frozen cell pellets and surgical specimens underwent targeted next‐generation sequencing covering 50 unique genes.ResultsMutations were found in tumours from 14 of the 22 patients, of whom 4 had 2 different mutations and 10 had a single mutation. Overall, the most common mutations were in KRAS (n = 3) and BRAF (n = 3), followed by NRAS (n = 2), CDK2NA (n = 2), TP53 (n = 2), ATM (n = 2). Mutations in MET, STK11, ERBB2 and FLT3 were found in one case each. Patient‐matched specimens had the same molecular profile. Both effusions with TP53 mutation had concomitant ATM mutation, and both stained immunohistochemically with a wild‐type pattern. The absence of mutations was associated with a trend for shorter overall survival in univariate analysis (p = 0.072).ConclusionsThe molecular alterations in LGSCs in serous effusions are consistent with those found in solid tumours, with frequent alterations in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Mutations in LGSC may be a marker of better outcomes.