bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Knowledge Level of Farmers in the Fields of Using Agricultural Pesticides in the Village of Al-Hamra of Baiji District / Salah Al-Din Governorate
Authors: Abdul Wahhab Raafat Riyadh , Mohammed Mohammed Azzat , Ali Yasir Mohammed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The research community included all (100) farmers of Al-Hamra village. After excluding the sample of the initial test, which was (20) farmers, a random sample of 50% was drawn from the research community. Thus the number of individuals sampled in the research became (50) farmers, The results of the study showed that the level of knowledge of farmers in the areas of using agricultural pesticides is average and tends to decline and that the two categories of those with low and medium knowledge constituted (72%). The study also showed a significant correlation between the level of knowledge and both (Age, educational level, number of years of pesticide use, and number of family members participating in agricultural work).
Increase the Efficiency of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) and its Use for the Determination of Lead (II) in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Khudhair , AbdulHassan Maysoon M. , Hameed Atyaf Khalid 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and greener method for green extraction and preconcentration of lead from aqueous media and further assay by UV-Vis spectrophotometer has been developed using 1,5 diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone). Several factors of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) including the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, shaking time, the concentration of dithizone as a complexing agent, and pH were optimized. Under optimum selected conditions, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), the linearity range, the relative standard deviation (RSD), and the Enrichment factor (EF) of the proposed method were obtained at 0.007 ppm, 0.025 ppm, 0.01-0.1 ppm, 4.3% (n = 3) and 40, respectively. This proposed method was successfully applied in the analysis of three synthetic water samples and good spiked recoveries over the range of 96.0–98.5% were obtained.
Taguchi Design Methodology for the Optimization of CO2Permeance in Gas Capture Process from Polluted Air
Authors: Majeed Jwan Taher , Majeed Najwa Saber 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCO2single-gas permeance has been studied in the present work by the ssz-13 membrane. SEM was used to characterize the membranes. Feed flow rate, Feed pressure, Sweep gas flow rate as the studied parameters, and these factors varied at five levels with an orthogonal array of L25. Applying Taguchi experimental design allowed to examine the impact of the most important parameters on membrane permeabilit. CO2permeance had the biggest effect by feed flow rate.
Bio-Leaching of Heavy Metals by Aspergillus niger from Mobile-Phone Scrap
Authors: Al-Shammari Rana H.H. , Al-Yosef Jameelah W. O. , Alsaady Majida Hadi Mahdi , Atyia Soad AbdAli 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The current study aimed to bioleach heavy metals from mobile phone scraps wastes (MPSs) which achieved by environmentally friendly method by employing Aspergillus nigur biomass which isolated from locally eroded mineral sites. Biological parameters of the experiment were: pH (5-2.5), temperature (28°C), ground mineral particle size (75-150 μm) and mineral particle amounts of (MPSs) were 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 grams/litter. The mineral content was analyzed for the recovery of heavy metals The results showed the highest values of the elements at a concentration of 0.5 g/L and pH 3.1 on day 28 of the experiment. The dead fungal biomass was also efficient in removing various heavy metals which charecterized by using XRF device and FT-IR technology was used to find out the active groups in fungal biomass. Electron microscopic imaging also showed the accumulation of metal particles within the fungal hyphae. The results of the current study indicate the possibility of applying Aspergillus niger for its ability to convert (MPSs) metals from solid to liquid phase, as an environmentally friendly and cost-efficient way of biologically leaching heavy metals.
Identification of Phytochemicals in Myrtus communis L. Extract by GC–Mass and their Effectiveness in the Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Mohammed Jasim , Mohmed Ahmed Saeed , Al-Khaldy Rafid Ahmed Abbas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlants remain the most important source in many industrial, medical, and agricultural applications, due to their production of many chemical compounds as represent secondary metabolites of plants, similar to those found in pharmaceutical compounds and chemical pesticides. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical separation of the leaves of theMyrtus communisL. extract plant by using the GC–Mass technique, and the role of these compounds as biological reducing agents in the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The analysis of GC–Mass showed the presence of many 11 chemical compounds, such as Eucalyptol, Vitamin E, Neophytadiene, and N-Methyl-1-adamantaneacetamide. The results also indicated the effectiveness of the identified compounds in the process of biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, where the properties of the nanoparticles were described using UV-visible spectrophotometric and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Where The peak of UV-Vis spectrophotometer was recorded at 366 nm, while the size and shape of ZnO NPs where average size was 30nm with roughly circular or spherical in shape. The research conclusion confirmed that the leaves of theM. communisL. extract plant contained many chemical compounds which have a role in the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs.
Use Seeds of Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) Growing Within Mosul City, in Water Purification
Authors: Al-Mandeel Fathi Abdullah , Al-Tayyar Taha Ahmad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hundred gram of large peach seeds were weighted and used as dried clean seeds. Part of dried seeds was grinding and sieved to obtain fine size of granules, with 3 mm as an average. This size of grain is suitable for absorption with ensures that the particles remain completely and did not dissolved or passes with water through contact to treatment. Water samples were collected from water sources for municipal uses in Mosul city, from artesian wells with different characteristics in addition to Tigris river water to analytic the physical, chemical, and heavy metals concentrations. Results shows that Peach seeds were active in improving quality of water. The efficiency of improvement by absorbance the ions. Improvement are increase as the surface area of seeds are increased also. Decrease in the concentrations of ions causing pollution water reaches 35%.
A Scoping Review on Airborne Fungi in Iraq (1995-2022) and Analysis of Fungal Communities
Authors: Al-Bader S. M. , Zenfenkey Zean 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe atmosphere holds a diversity of bioaerosols, of which airborne fungi are an important part. Since the discovery of the relationship of indoor air fungi with building disease syndrome, interest in studying indoor airborne fungi (IAF) has increased, in addition to focusing on the relationship between indoor and outdoor airborne fungi (OAF). The current scoping study aimed to highlight the Iraqi airborne fungi by analyzing the original articles on airborne fungi that have been conducted in Iraq. Just the studies which involve air samples and swab samples from air conditioning devices were approved. The results were classified according to the locations of the study. The total fungal taxa were analyzed. Similarity%, occurrence%, and frequency% were calculated. twenty-eight articles were included in this scoping study, they were published between 1995 and 2021. The studied areas of Iraq were up to 40%, and generally, the IAF took more attention than OAF. The number of culturable IAF was greater than that of OAF. The predominant genera were;Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, andRhizopus. The common IAF that were recorded in Iraq are well-known agents of health disorders, several species cause infections of the respiratory system, skin, and deep tissues. These species also include toxins producers, and allergens. Based on the reviewed studies we concluded that the atmosphere of Iraq has a high diversity of fungi that impact health. Further studies are required to control the sources of IAF and OAF. Also, there is a shortage of information about airborne fungi in many areas of Iraq, especially in the hospitals which is a typical environment for the transmission of infectious diseases.
Ultrafast quasi-three-dimensional imaging
Authors: Lian Yiling , Jiang Lan , Sun Jingya , Zhou Jiadong , Zhou Yao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding laser induced ultrafast processes with complex three-dimensional (3D) geometries and extreme property evolution offers a unique opportunity to explore novel physical phenomena and to overcome the manufacturing limitations. Ultrafast imaging offers exceptional spatiotemporal resolution and thus has been considered an effective tool. However, in conventional single-view imaging techniques, 3D information is projected on a two-dimensional plane, which leads to significant information loss that is detrimental to understanding the full ultrafast process. Here, we propose a quasi-3D imaging method to describe the ultrafast process and further analyze spatial asymmetries of laser induced plasma. Orthogonally polarized laser pulses are adopted to illuminate reflection-transmission views, and binarization techniques are employed to extract contours, forming the corresponding two-dimensional matrix. By rotating and multiplying the two-dimensional contour matrices obtained from the dual views, a quasi-3D image can be reconstructed. This successfully reveals dual-phase transition mechanisms and elucidates the diffraction phenomena occurring outside the plasma. Furthermore, the quasi-3D image confirms the spatial asymmetries of the picosecond plasma, which is difficult to achieve with two-dimensional images. Our findings demonstrate that quasi-3D imaging not only offers a more comprehensive understanding of plasma dynamics than previous imaging methods, but also has wide potential in revealing various complex ultrafast phenomena in related fields including strong-field physics, fluid dynamics, and cutting-edge manufacturing.
Plasma Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio as a biomarker for cognitive impairment in haemodialysis patients: a multicentre study
Authors: Chen Xujiao , Wang Mengjing , Niu Jianying , Ma Jun , Qian Jing , Ni Li , Cheng Ping , You Huaizhou , Chen Jing 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are more prevalent in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). Although the cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau (τ) have proven to be valid biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the general population, the roles of plasma Aβ and τ for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in HD patients remain unknown.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients receiving HD in three hospitals in Shanghai. All patients completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment–Basic (MoCA-B). To validate the effectiveness of the MoCA-B score for screening MCI, a subset group underwent neuropsychological batteries. Serum proteomes were compared in HD patients with normal cognitive function and dementia. Plasma Aβ42, Aβ40 and total τ were measured using a single molecule array.

Results
A total of 311 HD patients were enrolled (mean age 63 years, 55% male). The best cut-off score of MoCA-B for differentiating MCI and normal cognition was 24, with an area under the curve of 0.94. Serum proteomics revealed that neurodegenerative pathways related to AD were enriched in HD patients with dementia. The plasma Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio was significantly reduced in patients with MCI and dementia and was independently associated with cognitive function after adjusting for age, sex and education levels.

Conclusions
We validated the MoCA-B as an optimal cognitive function screening instrument for MCI in HD patients. The plasma Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio was a potential biomarker in distinguishing normal cognition, MCI and dementia in HD populations.
The potential association between influenza vaccination and lower incidence of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Marques da Silva Bernardo , Mayne Kaitlin J , Zakrocka Izabela 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
It is well-established that kidney cancer or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs more commonly in chronic kidney disease (CKD) than in the general population, although the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Beyond hereditary RCC syndromes; smoking, obesity and hypertension are widely known risk factors for RCC, irrespective of CKD. Kidney-specific factors such as episodes of acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis and cyst formation have also been shown to be associated with RCC development. One potential and less explored factor is the role of viruses in the development of kidney cancer. In this issue of Clinical Kidney Journal, Lin et al. raise the interesting hypothesis that influenza vaccination may be associated with lower incidence of RCC in adults with CKD. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying this interesting observation in the context of immune dysregulation in CKD.
Leaf acclimation to soil flooding and light availability underlies photosynthetic capacity of Lindera melissifolia, an endangered shrub of bottomland forests in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA
Authors: Gardiner Emile S , Leininger Theodor D , Connor Kristina F , Devall Margaret S , Hamel Paul B , Schiff Nathan M , Wilson A Dan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lindera melissifolia is an endangered shrub indigenous to the broadleaf forest of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). In this region, extant colonies of the species are found in periodically ponded habitats where a diversity of broadleaf trees can form well-developed overstory and sub-canopies—these habitat characteristics suggest that soil flooding and light availability are primary drivers of L. melissifolia ecophysiology. To understand how these two factors affect its photosynthetic capacity, we quantified leaf characteristics and photosynthetic response of plants grown in a large-scaled, field setting of three distinct soil flooding levels (no flood, 0 day; short-term flood, 45 days; and extended flood, 90 days) each containing three distinct light availability levels (high light, 30% shade cloth; intermediate light, 63% shade cloth; and low light, 95% shade cloth). Lindera melissifolia leaves showed marked plasticity to interacting effects of flooding and light with lamina mass per unit area (Lm/a) varying 78% and total nitrogen content per unit area (Na) varying 63% from the maximum. Photosynthetic capacity (A1800-a) ranged 123% increasing linearly with Na from low to high light. Extended flooding decreased the slope of this relationship 99% through a reduction in N availability and metabolic depression of A1800-a relative to Na. However, neither soil flooding nor light imposed an additive limitation on photosynthetic capacity when the other factor was at its most stressful level, and the A1800-a–Na relationship for plants that experienced short-term flooding suggested post-flood acclimation in photosynthetic capacity was approaching the maximal level under respective light environments. Our findings provide evidence for wide plasticity and acclimation potential of L. melissifolia photosynthetic capacity, which supports active habitat management, such as manipulation of stand structure for improved understory light environments, to benefit long-term conservation of the species in the MAV.
Reducing Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults From Clinicians’ Perspectives: A Systems Modeling Approach
Authors: Koh Vanessa Jean Wen , Matchar David B , Chan Angelique Wei-Ming , Lee June May-Ling , Lai Wei Xuan , Rosario Dulcie , George Anne , Ho Vanda , Ismail Noor Hafizah Bte , Lien Christopher Tsung Chien , Merchant Reshma A , Tan Shuyan Melissa , Wong Chek Hooi , Xu Tianma 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Falls among older adults are a significant health problem globally. Studies of multicomponent fall prevention programs in randomized controlled trials demonstrate effectiveness in reducing falls; however, the translation of research into the community remains challenging. Although there is an increasing interest to understand the factors contributing to implementation barriers, the dynamic relationships between factors are less well examined. Furthermore, evidence on implementation barriers from Asia is lacking as most of these studies originate from the West. As such, this study aims to engage stakeholders in uncovering the factors that facilitate or inhibit implementing community-based fall prevention programs in Singapore, with a focus on the interrelationship between those factors.

Research Design and Methods
Health care professionals familiar with fall prevention programs were invited to discuss the enablers and challenges to the implementation. This effort was facilitated using a systems modeling methodology of Group Model Building (GMB) to share ideas and create a common conceptual model of the challenges. The GMB employs various engagement techniques to draw on the experiences and perceptions of all stakeholders involved.

Results
This process led to the development of a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), a qualitative conceptual model of the dynamic relationships between the barriers and facilitators of implementing fall prevention programs. Results from the CLD show that implementation is influenced by two main drivers: health care provider factors that influenced referrals, and patient factors that influenced referral acceptance and long-term adherence. Key leverage points for potential interventions were identified as well.

Discussion and Implications
The overall recommendation emphasized closer coordination and collaboration across providers to ensure sustainable and effective community-based fall prevention programs. This has to be supported by a national effort, involving a multidisciplinary stakeholder advisory group. These findings generated would be promising to guide future approaches to fall prevention.
Effect of Fecal Microbiota, Live-Jslm (REBYOTA [RBL]) on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: Results From the PUNCH CD3 Clinical Trial
Authors: Garey Kevin W , Dubberke Erik R , Guo Amy , Harvey Adam , Yang Min , García-Horton Viviana , Fillbrunn Mirko , Wang Hongjue , Tillotson Glenn S , Bancke Lindy L , Feuerstadt Paul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) is common, prolonging disease morbidity and leading to poor quality of life. We evaluated disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with rCDI treated with fecal microbiota, live-jslm (REBYOTA [RBL]; Rebiotix) versus placebo.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (PUNCH CD3). The disease-specific Clostridioides difficile Quality of Life Survey (Cdiff32) was administered at baseline and at weeks 1, 4, and 8. Changes in Cdiff32 total and domain (physical, mental, social) scores from baseline to week 8 were compared between RBL and placebo and for responders and nonresponders.

Results
Findings were analyzed in a total of 185 patients (RBL, n = 128 [69.2%]; placebo, n = 57 [30.8%]) with available Cdiff32 data. Patients from both arms showed significant improvements in Cdiff32 scores relative to baseline across all outcomes and at all time points (all P &lt; .001); RBL-treated patients showed significantly greater improvements in mental domain than those receiving placebo. In adjusted analyses, RBL-treated patients showed greater improvements than placebo in total score and physical and mental domains (all P &lt; .05). Similar improvement in mental domain was observed among responders, while nonresponders showed numerical improvements with RBL but not placebo.

Conclusions
In a phase 3 double-blinded clinical trial, RBL-treated patients reported more substantial and sustained disease-specific HRQL improvements than placebo-treated patients.

Clinical Trials Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03244644 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03244644).
Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation in Patients With Candidemia at a Multisite Health Care System With Established Antimicrobial Stewardship and Telemedicine Services
Authors: Speight Carly C , Williamson Julie E , Ebied Alex M , Medaris Leigh Ann , McCurdy Lewis , Hammer Katie L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Infectious diseases consultation improves outcomes in patients with candidemia, although some facilities lack access to consultation. This multisite health care system study compared in-hospital mortality in patients with candidemia across 3 groups—those who received on-site consultation, telemedicine consultation, or no consultation. All patients were reviewed by an antimicrobial stewardship pharmacist.

Methods
A retrospective observational cohort study was performed of adult hospitalized patients with candidemia from January 2018 to October 2021. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included receipt and duration of antifungals, removal of central venous lines if present, ophthalmologic examination, echocardiography, and determination of infection source.

Results
A total of 265 patients were evaluated: 187 in the on-site consultation group, 49 in the telemedicine consultation group, and 29 in the nonconsultation group. Although in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the on-site and nonconsultation groups, it was significantly lower in the telemedicine group when compared with the nonconsultation group (10.2% vs 34.5%, P = .009). Patients who received on-site or telemedicine consultation had significantly more antifungal therapy initiated, appropriate therapy duration, central lines removed, and echocardiography performed, as well as fewer unknown candidemia sources, vs those in the nonconsultation group.

Conclusions
This is the first study of a multisite health care system providing telemedicine services to evaluate the impact of infectious diseases consultation on candidemia mortality. These findings suggest that when on-site consultation is unavailable, infectious diseases telemedicine consultation and antimicrobial stewardship can improve outcomes and should be considered for all patients with candidemia at resource-limited sites.
Conclusions and Policy Implications
Authors: Gradín Carlos , Lewandowski Piotr , Schotte Simone , Sen Kunal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this concluding chapter, we discuss some considerations that can emerge from the various studies included in this book to understand inequality in developing countries over the past two decades. We also discuss some general policy implications when it comes to mitigating the impact of the changing nature of work on inequality.