bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes induce neurogenesis of pluripotent P19 cells
Authors: Anji Antje , Anderson Briana , Akhtar Feroz , Meekins David A. , Ito Takashi , Mummidi Srinivas , Kumari Meena 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Exosomes play a role in tissue/organ development and differentiation. Retinoic acid induces differentiation of P19 cells (UD-P19) to P19 neurons (P19N) that behave like cortical neurons and express characteristic neuronal genes such as NMDA receptor subunits. Here we report P19N exosome-mediated differentiation of UD-P19 to P19N. Both UD-P19 and P19N released exosomes with characteristic exosome morphology, size, and common protein markers. P19N internalized significantly higher number of Dil-P19N exosomes as compared to UD-P19 with accumulation in the perinuclear region. Continuous exposure of UD-P19 to P19N exosomes for six days induced formation of small-sized embryoid bodies that differentiated into MAP2-/GluN2B-positive neurons recapitulating RA-induction of neurogenesis. Incubation with UD-P19 exosomes for six days did not affect UD-P19. Small RNA-seq identified enrichment of P19N exosomes with pro-neurogenic non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as miR-9, let-7, MALAT1 and depleted with ncRNAs involved in maintenance of stem cell characteristics. UD-P19 exosomes were rich with ncRNAs required for maintenance of stemness. P19N exosomes provide an alternative method to genetic modifications for cellular differentiation of neurons. Our novel findings on exosomes-mediated differentiation of UD-P19 to P19 neurons provide tools to study pathways directing neuron development/differentiation and develop novel therapeutic strategies in neuroscience.
Graphical Abstract
Investigation of Cerebral Hemodynamics During Endovascular Aspiration: Development of an Experimental and Numerical Setup
Authors: Luisi C. A. , Amiri A. , Büsen M. , Sichermann T. , Nikoubashman O. , Wiesmann M. , Steinseifer U. , Müller M. , Neidlin M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Acute ischemic stroke is a life-threatening emergency caused by an occlusion of a cerebral artery through a blood clot. Aspiration thrombectomy is an endovascular therapy for the removal of vessel occlusions. However, open questions regarding the hemodynamics during the intervention remain, motivating investigations of blood flow within cerebral arteries. In this study, we present a combined experimental and numerical approach to analyze hemodynamics during endovascular aspiration.

Methods
We have developed an in vitro setup for investigations of hemodynamic changes during endovascular aspiration within a compliant model of patient-specific cerebral arteries. Pressures, flows, and locally resolved velocities were obtained. In addition, we established a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and compared the simulations during physiological conditions and in two aspiration scenarios with different occlusions.

Results
Flow redistribution within cerebral arteries after ischemic stroke is strongly dependent on the severity of the occlusion and on the volume flow extracted by endovascular aspiration. Numerical simulations exhibit an excellent correlation of R = 0.92 for flow rates and a good correlation of R = 0.73 for pressures. Further on, the local velocity field inside the basilar artery had a good agreement between CFD model and particle image velocimetry (PIV) data.

Conclusion
The presented setup allows for in vitro investigations of artery occlusions and endovascular aspiration techniques on arbitrary patient-specific cerebrovascular anatomies. The in silico model provides consistent predictions of flows and pressures in several aspiration scenarios.
Power Biomass to Liquid — an option for Europe’s sustainable and independent aviation fuel production
Authors: Habermeyer Felix , Weyand Julia , Maier Simon , Kurkela Esa , Dietrich Ralph-Uwe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The European Union guides its member states to a gradual uptake of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from 2% vol. in 2025 to 63% vol. by 2050 with the ReFuelEU proposal as part of the Fit-for-55 package. A promising production pathway for SAF presents itself in the Power Biomass to Liquid (PBtL) process, which converts non-crop-based biomass residue and renewable power via the Fischer–Tropsch route. In this study, a techno-economic and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission analysis of a small-scale (50 MWth) PBtL process concept, developed in the EU project FLEXCHX, is presented. The analysis is conducted with a thermodynamic process model implemented in Aspen Plus®, which relies on experimental project data. For the PBtL base case production costs of 1.09 €2020/l are estimated, whereby electricity and investment into the alkaline electrolyzer constitute the largest cost drivers. At low electricity prices (< 39.2 €/MWh), the PBtL process is more cost effective than the reference process Biomass to Liquid (BtL). To identify improvements to the base case design, different design options are considered under varying economic boundary conditions: Solid oxide electrolysis is more economic than alkaline electrolysis at higher electricity prices due to its higher system efficiency. Maximizing the product yield by increased CO2 recycling is only economically reasonable below an electricity price threshold, which is found at 20 €/MWh for the base case. Further, PBtL is heavily dependent upon the availability of low GHG electricity in order to produce SAF with a low carbon footprint. Assuming full utilization of the EU’s non-crop-based biomass residues, the EU jet fuel demand for 2030 could be met with the PBtL process.
Varroa resistance in Apis cerana: a review
Authors: Grindrod Isobel , Martin Stephen J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVarroa is a major world-wide pest to Western honey bees (Apis mellifera), causing huge ongoing losses of colonies every year. Conversely, the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) is less vulnerable to the mite having existed alongside it over a long evolutionary period. Research conducted during the 1980s and 1990s, shortly after Varroa had spread across the globe, concluded that the Eastern honey bee was less vulnerable because it displayed higher levels of grooming behaviour, brood removal behaviour and mite infertility than its Western counterpart. However, this review on these Varroa resistance traits in A. cerana indicates that there is surprisingly little evidence for these conclusions. This review explores this evidence and discusses the potential flaws in the studies and the gaps that still remain in our knowledge of Varroa resistance traits in A. cerana.
Deciphering microeukaryotic–bacterial co-occurrence networks in coastal aquaculture ponds
Authors: Zheng Xiafei , Xu Kui , Naoum Jonathan , Lian Yingli , Wu Bo , He Zhili , Yan Qingyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicroeukaryotes and bacteria are key drivers of primary productivity and nutrient cycling in aquaculture ecosystems. Although their diversity and composition have been widely investigated in aquaculture systems, the co-occurrence bipartite network between microeukaryotes and bacteria remains poorly understood. This study used the bipartite network analysis of high-throughput sequencing datasets to detect the co-occurrence relationships between microeukaryotes and bacteria in water and sediment from coastal aquaculture ponds. Chlorophyta and fungi were dominant phyla in the microeukaryotic–bacterial bipartite networks in water and sediment, respectively. Chlorophyta also had overrepresented links with bacteria in water. Most microeukaryotes and bacteria were classified as generalists, and tended to have symmetric positive and negative links with bacteria in both water and sediment. However, some microeukaryotes with high density of links showed asymmetric links with bacteria in water. Modularity detection in the bipartite network indicated that four microeukaryotes and twelve uncultured bacteria might be potential keystone taxa among the module connections. Moreover, the microeukaryotic–bacterial bipartite network in sediment harbored significantly more nestedness than that in water. The loss of microeukaryotes and generalists will more likely lead to the collapse of positive co-occurrence relationships between microeukaryotes and bacteria in both water and sediment. This study unveils the topology, dominant taxa, keystone species, and robustness in the microeukaryotic–bacterial bipartite networks in coastal aquaculture ecosystems. These species herein can be applied for further management of ecological services, and such knowledge may also be very useful for the regulation of other eutrophic ecosystems.
Impact of COVID-19 on online grocery shopping discussion and behavior reflected from Google Trends and geotagged tweets
Authors: Wu Nemin , Mu Lan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeople express opinions, make connections, and disseminate information on social media platforms. We considered grocery-related tweets as a proxy for grocery shopping behaviors or intentions. We collected data from January 2019 to January 2022, representing three typical times of the normal period before the COVID-19 pandemic, the outbreak period, and the widespread period. We obtained grocery-related geotagged tweets using a search term index based on the top 10 grocery chains in the US and compiled Google Trends online grocery shopping data. We performed a topic modeling analysis using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and verified that most of the collected tweets were related to grocery-shopping demands or experiences. Temporal and geographical analyses were applied to investigate when and where people talked more about groceries, and how COVID-19 affected them. The results show that the pandemic has been gradually changing people’s daily shopping concerns and behaviors, which have become more spread throughout the week since the pandemic began. Under the causal impact of COVID-19, people first experienced panic buying groceries followed by pandemic fatigue a year later. The normalized tweet counts show a decrease of 40% since the pandemic began, and the negative causal effect can be considered statistically significant (p-value = 0.001). The variation in the quantity of grocery-related tweets also reflects geographic diversity in grocery concerns. We found that people in non-farm areas with less population and relatively lower levels of educational attainment tend to act more sensitively to the evolution of the pandemic. Utilizing the COVID-19 death cases and consumer price index (CPI) for food at home as background information, we proposed an understanding of the pandemic’s impact on online grocery shopping by assembling, geovisualizing, and analyzing the evolution of online grocery behaviors and discussion on social media before and during the pandemic.
Dinutuximab beta-targeted therapy kills beta-cell tumors of the pancreas
Authors: Karatug Kacar Ayse , Adıguzel Zelal 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Dinutuximab beta is a monoclonal antibody used only in glioblastoma. Streptozotocin is an agent that is particularly toxic to pancreatic beta cells. Dinutuximab beta causes cytotoxicity through natural killer cells and neutrophils and shows effects. In this study, cytotoxicity was induced by streptozotocin without natural killer cells and neutrophils. Gaining the ability to show the effect of Dinutuximab beta without a natural killer was the first aim of this study. This will be especially important in cases where the immune system is deficient, such as cancer. The second aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Dinutuximab beta on cell viability and cell death in insulinoma under the conditions created.

Methods
The effect of Dinutuximab beta in the presence of natural killer cells in vivo was created by the application of Streptozotocin to Beta-cell tumors of the pancreas in vitro. The cell viability was determined with WST-1 assay. Reactive oxygen species were measured by using dichlorofluorescein diacetate as a spectrophotometer. The cells were marked with DAPI to indicate apoptotic markers (nuclear condensation and fragmentation) with the confocal microscope. GLUT2 (Glucose transporter 2), IR (Insulin receptor), INS1, and INS2 expression levels were analyzed with q-RT-PCR.

Results
The cell cytotoxicity was induced by Streptozotocin. The cells proliferated with the administration of Dinutuximab beta alone. The result of Dinutuximab beta administered following Streptozotocin administration resulted in more cell death, increased ROS levels, GLUT2, Ins1, and Ins2 mRNA expression levels, and decreased IR mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, the cells predominantly died via apoptosis showing cytoplasmic condensation and DNA fragmentation.

Conclusions
The lethal effect of Dinutuximab beta without a natural killer was provided by Streptozotocin in Beta cell tumors of the pancreas.
Construction logic and implementation strategies of spatial planning system of China
Authors: Zhao Min , Pan Haixia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the context of Chinese central government’s major decision to establish a spatial planning system, this article starts by reviews and analyzes the history of the formation and evolution of spatial planning in China; then, on this basis, analyzes the administrative and technical logic concerning the construction of the new planning system in China; finally, probes into the legal construction issues of the new planning system and several implementation strategies, including the hierarchical and classified formulation and transmission mechanism of the spatial planning, the plan’s role of strategic guidance and baseline control, the formulation methods of Detailed Plan under the new planning system, the division of planning powers and the innovation of the planning documentation system, etc.
A calendar year mortality model in continuous time
Authors: Hainaut Donatien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article proposes a continuous time mortality model based on calendar years. Mortality rates belong to a mean-reverting random field indexed by time and age. In order to explain the improvement of life expectancies, the reversion level of mortality rates is the product of a deterministic function of age and of a decreasing jump-diffusion process driving the evolution of longevity. We provide a general closed-form expression for survival probabilities and develop it when the mean reversion level of mortality rates is proportional to a Gompertz–Makeham law. We develop an econometric estimation method and validate the model on the Belgian population.
Viscous contribution to the high Mach
number damping in pitch of blunt slender cones at
small angles of attack
Authors: M. Khalid  
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe dynamic stability derivatives of blunt cones for
small variations in angles of attack have been
previously derived by the current author. However,
no account of the unsteady nature of the boundary
layer was made in that work. In this paper closed
form expressions for the increment in dynamic
stability due to the presence of the boundary layer
are derived by considering the pressure distribution
perturbations as the boundary layer continuously
adjusts to the enclosed oscillating body. The theory
provides a first hand estimate of the complete pitch
derivative damping without having to resort to more
rigorous and expensive computational methods.
Calculations performed at Mach numbers of 7 to 10
with axis positions ranging from 0·5 to 0·7 of the
chord length for cones of semi-angle 10° and 20°,
indicate that the effect of boundary layer is to
slightly reduce the magnitude of the inviscid
damping derivative. For blunt cones at angles of
attack less than 5°, this was in good agreement with
the limited experimental data available.
Past and future progress in fixed and
rotary wing aeroelasticity
Authors: Done G. T. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProgress in aeroelasticity of fixed and rotary wing
aircraft is compared by means of a selective review.
Discussion of the role of concurrent engineering
leads into modelling and validation, these being
dealt with under the headings of aerodynamics,
structural and integrated models. Formulation and
solution of equations of motion are considered,
which relate mainly to rotorcraft, and then
aeroelastic performance improvement is covered. This
includes optimisation, aeroservoelasticity and
passive devices. Basic insight providing models are
reviewed and the paper concludes with, further
comments on insight, and also future progress in
aeroelasticity.
Aeroacoustics
Authors: Ffowcs Williams J. E. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe high noise levels of early turbojet aircraft forced
attention to be given to the mechanics of the noise
generation process and ways were urgently sought for
silencing their high speed propulsive flows. The
subject of aeroacoustics was born with this problem,
the subject being the variety of ways in which sound
and flow interact, with the early emphasis being on
sound generated aerodynamically. Sound was thought
to be a by-product of the flow arid believed to have
a negligible back-reaction on it.The search for noise suppression has been extremely
successful, so much so, that engine noise is no
longer a problem likely to constrain future aircraft
operations. Silencing technology has made enormous
strides by avoiding as much as possible the very
high speed jet flows that were a feature of early
engines. But that avenue is not available to
supersonic aircraft, which still wait for ways of
making their operation acceptably quiet to be
identified.Aeroacoustics has brought into being a much deeper
insight into the interactions of sound and flow, and
some of the early presumptions about the mechanisms
of noise creation have had to be rethought. Some of
the advances have come from entirely new directions,
for example, from anti-sound, a silencing idea based
on the destructive cancellation of interfering
waves, which has advanced to a state that provides a
useful new technology. Some new understanding
follows the discovery that flow-acoustic
interactions are not always the one-way process
previously assumed. Sound can affect flow,
especially so when the flow is unstable. It is of
course the very unstable flows that make most noise
so, taken together, these developments indicate that
control might one day be exercised by actively
managing the unsteady flows, making them more useful
and desirable than before. Indeed examples are now
known where control has made possible the avoidance
of a powerful performance-limiting instability that
previously made that flow regime a prohibited
operational zone, a development of aeroacoustics
that is probably far more significant than its noise
suppression role. That line of thought is expanded
in this paper, which concludes with the speculation
that active control might now be offering an avenue
for approaching die high speed jet noise problem
from a completely new direction. Of course it is far
too early to know whether that approach can provide
a way for removing the take-off noise constraint
currently threatening the viability of supersonic
transports, but it might; that makes it very
important indeed, for it is hard to see any
alternative.
The Reproduction of Urban Capitalism: Street Food and the Working Day in Colonial Mombasa
Authors: Smart Devin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article argues that street food was an essential part of the social reproduction of Mombasa's working class during the colonial period. Like in other expanding capitalist cities, as Mombasa grew, urban workers lived further from their place of employment, which meant they could not return home for their midday meal. Street-food vendors provided them lunch at low prices in convenient locations, and therefore reproduced the working day by provisioning the calories that bridged morning to afternoon. However, postwar municipal authorities also wanted to create a particular kind of urban society in which the ‘informal’ activities of street-food vendors did not fit, and tried to expel them from the city's streets. As these campaigns unfolded, an unresolved contradiction emerged between this elite view of Mombasa, and the reality that the services vendors provided were necessary for the reproduction of the city's economy.
The NET effect: negative emissions technologies and the need–efficiency trade-off
Authors: Mintz-Woo Kian 
Published: February 2023

Non-technical summary
When developing and deploying negative emissions technologies (NETs), little attention has been paid to where. On the one hand, one might develop NETs where they are likely to contribute most to global mitigation targets, contributing to a global climate solution. On the other hand, one might develop NETs where they can help support development on a regional basis, justified by regional demands. I defend these arguments and suggest that they reflect the values of efficiency and responding to need, respectively. To the extent that these values conflict, they introduce what I call the Need-Efficiency Trade-off Effect (‘NET Effect’).

Technical summary
Unlike other geoengineering methods, the effectiveness of negative emissions technologies (NETs) tends to be sensitive to regional siting. This paper argues that this point raises morally and legally important implications by identifying a trade-off between ‘efficiency’ and ‘need’. First, it introduces two arguments justifying NETs: one focused on contributions to global mitigation and the other focused on contributions to regional development. Second, reflecting the two arguments, the paper discusses the moral values of efficiency and need, respectively. For instance, if the strategy is to try to use NETs to maximize expected mitigation contributions to reflect efficiency, then deployment should occur in regions with the best prospects for success (e.g. Western countries). However, if the strategy is to try to use NETs to improve the chances of simultaneous development and mitigation to respond to need, then deployment should occur in regions with limited development and expected growth of demand for NETs (e.g. Asian countries). When these values conflict, I call that a Need-Efficiency Trade-off Effect (‘NET Effect’). The paper concludes by considering the NET Effect in the context of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage as well as direct air carbon capture and storage.

Social media summary
Should negative emissions technologies be deployed in Western countries for most climate action or Asian where needed for development?
Fast Modeling of Vegetated Flow and Sediment Transport Over Mobile Beds Using Shallow Water Equations With Anisotropic Porosity
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Bingrun , Hu Peng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA two‐dimensional shallow water model based on the anisotropic porosity method is developed for predictions of water flows, sediment transport and bed morphological changes through rigid vegetation. Effects of the vegetation resistance and the spatial occupation are accounted for by adding an extra vegetation drag force and introducing porosity parameters. By defining a cell‐based porosity for the volumetric occupation and an edge‐based porosity for the flux exchange, the anisotropic property of the preferential flow can be well captured. Based on the finite volume method, the model is solved explicitly with a hybrid local time step/global maximum time step method and is parallelized using the Open MP techniques. The numerical grid convergence and quantitative accuracy of the model have been tested against a series of flume experiments for various configurations of rigid emergent vegetation over fixed or mobile beds. It is shown that using shallow water equations with anisotropic porosity, a constant drag coefficient can lead to numerical solutions of comparable accuracy as those complex empirical relations. Moreover, appropriate quantification of the stem‐scale turbulence effects brings significant improvement in modeling of the vegetation‐affected sediment transport.