bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relativistic transformation of thermodynamic parameters and refined Saha equation
Authors: Hao Xin , Liu Shaofan , Zhao Liu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relativistic transformation rule for temperature is a debated topic for more than 110 years. Several incompatible proposals exist in the literature but a final resolution is still missing. In this work, we reconsider the problem of relativistic transformation rules for a number of thermodynamic parameters including temperature, chemical potential, pressure, entropy and enthalpy densities for a relativistic perfect fluid using relativistic kinetic theory. The analysis is carried out in a fully relativistic covariant manner, and the explicit transformation rules for the above quantities are obtained in both Minkowski and Rindler spacetimes. Our results suggest that the temperature of a moving fluid appears to be colder, supporting the proposal by de Broglie, Einstein, and Planck, in contrast to other proposals. Moreover, in the case of a Rindler fluid, our findings suggest that the total number of particles and the total entropy of a perfect fluid in a box whose bottom is parallel to the Rindler horizon are proportional to the area of the bottom, but are independent of the height of the box, provided the bottom of the box is sufficiently close to the Rindler horizon. The area dependence of the particle number implies that the particles tend to be gathered toward the bottom of the box, and hence implicitly determines the distribution of the chemical potential of the system, whereas the area dependence of the entropy indicates that the entropy is still additive and may have potential applications in explaining the area law of black hole entropy. As a by-product, we also obtain a relativistically refined version of the famous Saha equation which holds in both Minkowski and Rindler spacetimes.
Interpretation of Lung Cancer PlasmaEGFRMutation Tests in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Cheung Alvin Ho-Kwan , Wong Kit-Yee , Chiang Cho-Han , Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Yihan , Hui Chris Ho-Lam , Chen Bonan , Wang Yifei , Chow Chit , Kang Wei , To Ka-Fai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesComprehensive data synthesis of the clinical parameters that affect plasma EGFR mutation test results in non–small cell lung carcinoma is lacking. Although individual studies have suggested a variety of patient characteristics that can affect diagnostic accuracy, no unified conclusion has been reached.MethodsWe analyzed 170 plasma EGFR mutation tests performed between 2015 and 2021 at our institution and carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify clinical and imaging features that correlate with plasma EGFR mutation test sensitivity.ResultsData synthesis from 14 studies of 2,576 patients revealed that patients with stage IV disease had a significantly lower false-negative rate than those with stage I through III disease. For our institutional cohort, which consisted of 75 paired plasma and tissue tests that were assessable for diagnostic accuracy, the overall sensitivity was 70.59% (95% confidence interval, 56.17%-82.51%). Patients who had distant metastases and more suspicious lymph nodes on imaging findings correlated with a low false-negative rate.ConclusionsWhile interpreting plasma EGFR mutation results, extra caution should be exercised for patients with early-stage, localized disease to accommodate the possibility of false-negative results. These meta-analyses and clinical data may enable clinicians to make evidence-based judgments for individual patients.
Correlation Between Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Huang Liu-hai , Tan Si-lu , Fang Zhen , Wei Xin , Li Ya-nian , Zhou Jian-wei , He Sheng-hu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
To investigate the relationship between short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and adverse cardiovascular outcomes 1 year after operation in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods
The clinical and prognostic data of 331 patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI and drug-eluting stent implantation were collected retrospectively from 2016 to 2019. The correlation between BPV within 4 days and adverse cardiovascular outcome 1 year after operation was analyzed. Blood pressure SD was used to evaluate individual systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) and diastolic blood pressure variability (DBPV). The high SBPV and DBPV groups were defined as SD ≥11.42 and ≥8.49 mm Hg, respectively. Multivariate bivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the correlation between SBPV, DBPV, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 1 year after operation.

Results
The incidence of heart failure in the high SBPV group (21.1% vs. 10.3%) was significantly higher than the low SBPV group. Also, the incidence of heart failure (23.5% vs. 7.9%) and the cumulative incidence of MACE (29.5% vs. 13.9%) in the high DBPV group were higher than those in the low DBPV group (all P &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, antihypertensive drugs, left ventricular ejection fraction, Gensini score, and other influencing factors, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that high SBPV was a risk factor for heart failure (odds ratio [OR] = 3.462, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.476–8.117, P = 0.004), and high DBPV was a risk factor for heart failure and cumulative MACE (OR = 4.535, 95% CI 1.725–11.926, P = 0.002; OR = 3.412, 95% CI 1.627–7.152, P = 0.001, respectively) and in the subgroup hypertensives using oral antihypertensive drugs (OR = 4.328, 95% CI 1.619–11.572, P = 0.004), as well as high DBPV for heart failure and cumulative MACE (OR = 4.600, 95% CI 1.518–13.934, P = 0.007; OR = 4.942, 95% CI 1.851–13.198, P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
High BPV within 4 days after PPCI and drug-eluting stent implantation in STEMI patients is a cardiovascular risk factor within 1 year after operation.
Absence of evidence against belief as credence 1
Authors: del Rio Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
On one view of the traditional doxastic attitudes, belief is credence 1, disbelief is credence 0 and suspension is any precise credence between 0 and 1. In ‘Rational agnosticism and degrees of belief’ (2013) Jane Friedman argues, against this view, that there are cases where a credence of 0 is required but where suspension is permitted. If this were so, belief, disbelief and suspension could not be identified or reduced to the aforementioned credences. I argue that Friedman relies on two different notions of epistemic rationality and two different kinds of evidential absence. I clarify these distinctions and show that her argument is either not valid or includes implausible premisses, twice over. If this is so, the view that belief is credence 1, disbelief is credence 0 and suspension is any precise credence between 0 and 1 cannot be rejected on the grounds that Friedman proposes.
Proximal reflux frequency not correlated with atypical gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms
Authors: Liu Kelli , Evans Joni , Clayton Steven 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Though most known for heartburn and regurgitation, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is attributed to countless atypical, extra-esophageal (EE) manifestations like cough and throat clearing. While GERD has been studied extensively, the relationship between reflux character and symptom manifestation remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine proximal reflux frequency and its relationship with typical or atypical symptoms. 540 (75.1% female, 24.9% male) pH-impedance monitoring studies from the last 3-years were divided by symptom indication and retrospectively reviewed for proximal reflux frequency, total acid exposure time, mean nocturnal baseline impedance, and total reflux episodes in both abnormal and normal, and borderline studies. Baseline characteristics were also collected. Both total reflux events and mean proximal reflux frequency were found to differ significantly between those with typical versus atypical symptoms. Total reflux events [median (IQR)] were 43.5 (24.0–74.0) in typical patients and 35.0 (20.0–57.0) in atypical patients (P-value 0.0369). Proximal reflux frequency [median (IQR)] was 12.0 (4.0–19.0) typical and 7.0 (3.0–17.0) atypical (P-value 0.0348). Results for exclusively abnormal studies also favored typical patients but not significantly. Baseline characteristics and use of gastric acid control did not differ significantly. Proximal reflux frequency was observed to increase among those with typical GERD symptoms. Total acid reflux events were also significantly higher on average with typical patients. Our findings that proximal reflux frequency is reduced in patients with atypical symptoms compared with patients with typical symptoms suggest that proximal reflux exposure may play a significant role in the symptom presentation of typical classic heartburn and regurgitation symptoms. The differential diagnosis for atypical EE symptoms is vast and can be multifactorial. Our results indicate proximal reflux events may contribute to atypical EE symptoms less than previously reported.
Early outcomes following EndoFLIP-tailored peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): the establishment of POEM services in two UK centers
Authors: Knight William , Kandiah Kaveetha , Vrakopoulou Zoi , White Annabel , Barbieri Lavinia , Tewari Nilanjana , Couch Jennifer , DiMaggio Francesco , Barley Mark , Ragunath Krish , Catton James , Botha Abraham 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for achalasia. Postoperative reflux rates remain high. The functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) allows intraoperative measurement of lower esophageal distensibility during POEM. In theory, this enables a tailoring of myotomies to ensure adequate distensibility while minimizing postoperative reflux risk. Two prospectively collected POEM databases were analyzed from two UK tertiary upper GI centers. The operators in each center used FLIP measurements to ensure adequate myotomy. Outcome measures included Eckardt score (where &lt;3 indicated clinical success) and proton-pump inhibitor use (PPI), collected at the first postoperative appointment. Length of stay was recorded as were complications. In all, 142 patients underwent POEM between 2015 and 2019. Overall, 90% (128/142) had postoperative Eckardt scores of &lt;3 at 6 weeks. Clinical success improved to 93% (66/71) in the latter half of each series with a significantly higher rate of complete symptom resolution (53 versus 26%, P = 0.003). In all, 79% of the poor responders had previous interventions compared with 55% of responders (P = 0.09). Median post-myotomy distensibility index was 4.0 mm2/mmHg in responders and 2.9 in nonresponders (P = 0.16). Myotomy length of &lt;7 cm was associated with 93% clinical success and 40% post op PPI use compared with 60% PPI use with longer myotomies. There were two type IIIa, two type IIIb, and one IV Clavien–Dindo complications. This is the largest series of endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP)-tailored POEM in the UK to date. The shorter myotomies, allowed through EndoFLIP tailoring, remained clinically effective at 6 weeks. Complete symptom response rates improved in the latter half of each series. More data will be needed from high-volume collaborations to decipher optimal myotomy profiles based on EndoFLIP parameters.
Surface microdialysis measures local tissue metabolism after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy; an attempt to predict anastomotic defect
Authors: Åkesson Oscar , Abrahamsson Pernilla , Johansson Göran , Haney Michael , Falkenback Dan , Hermansson Michael , Jeremiasen Martin , Johansson Jan 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Anastomotic defect (AD) after esophagectomy can lead to severe complications with need for surgical or endoscopic intervention. Early detection enables early treatment and can limit the consequences of the AD. As of today, there are limited methods to predict AD. In this study, we have used microdialysis (MD) to measure local metabolism at the intrathoracic anastomosis. Feasibility and possible diagnostic use were investigated. Sixty patients planned for Ivor Lewis esophagectomy were enrolled. After construction of the anastomosis, surface MD (S-MD) probes were attached to the outer surface of the esophageal remnant and the gastric conduit in close vicinity of the anastomosis and left in place for 7 postoperative days (PODs). Continuous sampling of local tissue concentrations of metabolic substances (glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) was performed postoperatively. Outcome, defined as AD or not according to Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group definitions, was recorded at discharge or at first postoperative follow up. Difference in concentrations of metabolic substances was analyzed retrospectively between the two groups by means of artificial neural network technique. S-MD probes can be attached and removed from the gastric tube reconstruction without any adverse events. Deviating metabolite concentrations on POD 1 were associated with later development of AD. In subjects who developed AD, no difference in metabolic concentrations between the esophageal and the gastric probe was recorded. The technical failure rate of the MD probes/procedure was high. S-MD can be used in a clinical setting after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Deviation in local tissue metabolism on POD 1 seems to be associated with development of AD. Further development of MD probes and procedure is required to reduce technical failure.
Acute LDL-C reduction post ACS: strike early and strike strong: from evidence to clinical practice. A clinical consensus statement of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), in collaboration with the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Krychtiuk Konstantin A , Ahrens Ingo , Drexel Heinz , Halvorsen Sigrun , Hassager Christian , Huber Kurt , Kurpas Donata , Niessner Alexander , Schiele Francois , Semb Anne Grete , Sionis Alessandro , Claeys Marc J , Barrabes José , Montero Santiago , Sinnaeve Peter , Pedretti Roberto , Catapano Alberico 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
After experiencing an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), patients are at a high risk of suffering from recurrent ischaemic cardiovascular events, especially in the very early phase. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is causally involved in atherosclerosis and a clear, monotonic relationship between pharmacologic LDL-C lowering and a reduction in cardiovascular events post-ACS has been shown, a concept termed ‘the lower, the better’. Current ESC guidelines suggest an LDL-C guided, step-wise initiation and escalation of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). Observational studies consistently show low rates of guideline-recommended LLT adaptions and concomitant low rates of LDL-C target goal achievement, leaving patients at residual risk, especially in the vulnerable post-ACS phase. In addition to the well-established ‘the lower, the better’ approach, a ‘strike early and strike strong’ approach in the early post-ACS phase with upfront initiation of a combined lipid-lowering approach using high-intensity statins and ezetimibe seems reasonable. We discuss the rationale, clinical trial evidence and experience for such an approach and highlight existing knowledge gaps. In addition, the concept of acute initiation of PCSK9 inhibition in the early phase is reviewed. Ultimately, we focus on hurdles and solutions to provide high-quality, evidence-based follow-up care in post-ACS patients.
Glimepiride use is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure: a prospective cohort study
Authors: He Wu , Yuan Gang , Han Yu , Yan Yongcui , Li Gen , Zhao Chengcheng , Shen Jingshan , Jiang Xiangrui , Chen Chen , Ni Li , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsGlimepiride has good cardiovascular safety. However, whether glimepiride benefits clinical cardiovascular outcomes is unclear.Methods and resultsA total of 21 451 inpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic heart failure (CHF) were analysed, including 638 who received glimepiride treatment and 20 813 who did not. Propensity score matching yielded 509 pairs (glimepiride and non-glimepiride groups), and both groups were followed up. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to compare all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, hospitalizations and emergency visits for heart failure, and hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction or stroke. During follow-up, the all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35–0.63; P &lt; 0.001], cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.24–0.48; P &lt; 0.001), and number of hospitalizations and emergency visits for heart failure (adjusted HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.36–0.50; P &lt; 0.001) and hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction or stroke (adjusted HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38–0.73; P &lt; 0.001) were significantly lower in the glimepiride group; the conclusion remained similar in all subgroups. Furthermore, high-dose glimepiride use (2–4 mg/day) was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality than low-dose (1 mg/day) (adjusted HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31–0.99; P = 0.047). Glimepiride exhibited good molecular docking with soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and increased the level epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET).ConclusionLong-term continuous glimepiride use is associated with better survival, fewer hospitalizations and emergency visits for heart failure, and fewer hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction or stroke in patients with T2D and CHF. High-dose glimepiride has greater cardiovascular protective advantages than low-dose glimepiride. The cardiovascular protective effect of glimepiride may be related to the EET level increase through sEH inhibition.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05538819. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05538819
German narratives about the Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre
Authors: van Tol Jonas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In Germany, the Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre was seen as special but not unique. Confronted with the first news reports, German audiences turned to existing understandings of the nature of religious conflict to make sense of the traumatic stories. This article examines four broad and interrelated narrative frameworks that were used to explain the massacre. First, German Catholics and Lutherans, treasuring the orderly Peace of Augsburg, condemned the sedition of the Huguenots and saw the massacre as a regrettable but logical consequence of their rebellion. Secondly, rumours of conspiracy and equivocation abounded in the empire. These seemed to be confirmed by the massacre. Thirdly, fearing the erosion of noble prerogatives and the creation of ‘Turkish’ tyrannies, the massacre of the French nobility chimed in with German aristocratic anxieties. Finally, the horrific fate of so many fellow Christians in France led some to see the massacre as an eschatological event.
Global Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Complex Cuticle Organization of the Tribolium Compound Eye
Authors: Chen Qing , Sasikala-Appukuttan Arun Kirshna , Husain Zahabiya , Shrivastava Anura , Spain Marla , Sendler Edward D , Daines Bryce , Fischer Stefan , Chen Rui , Cook Tiffany A , Friedrich Markus 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is a resource-rich model for genomic and developmental studies. To extend previous studies on Tribolium eye development, we produced transcriptomes for normal-eyed and eye-depleted heads of pupae and adults to identify differentially transcript-enriched (DE) genes in the visual system. Unexpectedly, cuticle-related genes were the largest functional class in the pupal compound eye DE gene population, indicating differential enrichment in three distinct cuticle components: clear lens facet cuticle, highly melanized cuticle of the ocular diaphragm, which surrounds the Tribolium compound eye for internal fortification, and newly identified facet margins of the tanned cuticle, possibly enhancing external fortification. Phylogenetic, linkage, and high-throughput gene knockdown data suggest that most cuticle proteins (CPs) expressed in the Tribolium compound eye stem from the deployment of ancient CP genes. Consistent with this, TcasCPR15, which we identified as the major lens CP gene in Tribolium, is a beetle-specific but pleiotropic paralog of the ancient CPR RR-2 CP gene family. The less abundant yet most likely even more lens-specific TcasCP63 is a member of a sprawling family of noncanonical CP genes, documenting a role of local gene family expansions in the emergence of the Tribolium compound eye CP repertoire. Comparisons with Drosophila and the mosquito Anopheles gambiae reveal a steady turnover of lens-enriched CP genes during insect evolution.
Reconceptualizing Stigmas in Aged Care: A Typology of Stigmatizing Discourses in the Aged-Care Context
Authors: Manchha Asmita V , Tann Ken , Way Kïrsten A , Thai Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStigmatizing discourses surrounding aged care is complex. The stigma associated with people working in aged care is often conflated with negative evaluations about older adults who receive care and/or the institutions and systems that provide these services. This lack of nuance hampers productive dialogue in gerontology required for making sense of the stigmas attached to entities and systems. We propose that an interdisciplinary approach drawing on gerontology, psychology, and linguistics would facilitate a greater understanding of the stigma of aged care. Specifically, a discourse approach underpinned by Stigma Theory and Systemic Functional Linguistics can clarify the different stigmatizing discourses associated with aged-care entities and systems, and inform priorities for interventions targeting each discourse category identified.Research Design and MethodsAPPRAISAL, a linguistics framework, was employed to analyze evaluative language in 660 submissions published in the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care. Through applying predefined language-based criteria, we distinguished between multiple stigmatizing discourses that were interrelated but conceptually distinct in terms of attitude types and targets.ResultsTwelve categories of stigmatizing discourses derived from the linguistic analysis established a typology. This typology conceptualized different ways stigma can be meaningfully understood in the aged-care context. By employing this typology, 12 intervention priorities were also identified.Discussion and ImplicationsThis interdisciplinary approach enabled us to examine the diversity and complexity of the social construction of stigma in the public domain. We argue that understanding these linguistic patterns can assist with designing targeted aged-care interventions and policies.