bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidance for Research with Trans and Gender-Diverse People
Authors: Quinn Sterling , Hancock Adrienne B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhen engaging in research with marginalized communities, it is important for researchers to reflect on their practice and consider what steps they can take to avoid perpetuating inequality or causing harm. This article provides guidance for researchers working with trans and gender-diverse individuals from the perspective of two speech-language pathologists. Key considerations presented by the authors include the importance of engaging in reflexive research practices—thinking deeply about and acknowledging impacts of one's personal beliefs, values, and practices on one's research—and developing an awareness of factors that contribute to the trans and gender-diverse community's ongoing minority stress. Specific suggestions to redress power imbalance between the researcher and the researched community are provided. Finally, practical methods for implementing the guidance are presented: the community-based participatory research model and an example in speech-language pathology research with trans and gender-diverse individuals.
Development Trend and Thinking of International Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Late and Postpandemic Era
Authors: Wu Benjamin Binjiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are mainly following 10 aspects of the trends in the development of international traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the late and postepidemic era. (1) Rehabilitation intervention of TCM in the recovery period is the focus of international TCM clinical antiepidemic practice in the later stage of the epidemic. (2) The epidemic has accelerated the development of the internet toward high-tech online education and medical care. (3) The epidemic has forced overseas TCM to transform from the “agricultural era” to the “postindustrial era.” (4) It has become a trend that the proportion of theory courses in online teaching will increase dramatically. (5) The limited number of practical training courses and the simultaneous online and offline rotation of teaching will become a useful medium of exploration. (6) Online sharing of high-quality courses can save costs and is also the direction of future development. (7) It will become the norm for the adoption of online TCM conferences that break traditional barriers of locale and time zone. (8) The renewal of the heavy TCM clinical and teaching equipment is the trend of future development. (9) The involvement of finance and venture capital will catalyze the development of the field of corporate international chains of TCM and acupuncture. (10) Changes in the international political situation may affect the speed of the development of international Chinese medicine but will not stop its progress.
Heaterless 300 A lanthanum hexaboride hollow cathode
Authors: Goebel Dan M. , Payman Adele R. 
Published: March 2023

Hollow cathodes used in electric propulsion typically have an external heater to raise the thermionic electron emitter to emission temperatures. Heaterless hollow cathodes that are heated by a Paschen discharge have been historically limited to low discharge currents (&lt;5 A) due to arcing and inefficient heating. A new heaterless technology was previously developed for cathodes up to 50 A, utilizing a refractory metal tube to extend the gas feed line partway into the thermionic insert region. A high voltage (&gt;700 V) Paschen discharge is ignited between the keeper and the tube, which quickly transitions to a lower voltage (&lt;80 V) thermionic discharge from the inner tube surface and heats the thermionic insert by radiation. This “tube-radiator” configuration eliminates arcing and inhibits the long-path-length discharge between the keeper and gas feed tube upstream of the cathode insert that caused inefficient heating in prior designs. This paper describes extending this technology developed for a 50 A cathode to one that is capable of 300 A. The larger cathode uses a 5-mm diameter tantalum tube-radiator and a 6-A, 5-min ignition sequence. Ignition was challenging because the high heating power required (≥300 W) is difficult to maintain with the low voltage (&lt;20 V) keeper discharge that exists prior to igniting the thruster discharge. To achieve self-heating from the lower voltage keeper discharge, the keeper current is raised to 10 A once the LaB6 insert starts emitting. This work shows that the novel tube-radiator heater is scalable to large cathodes capable of tens of thousands of ignitions.
Standing genetic variation and chromosome differences drove rapid ecotype formation in a major malaria mosquito
Authors: Small Scott T. , Costantini Carlo , Sagnon N’Fale , Guelbeogo Moussa W. , Emrich Scott J. , Kern Andrew D. , Fontaine Michael C. , Besansky Nora J. 
Published: March 2023

Species distributed across heterogeneous environments often evolve locally adapted ecotypes, but understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved in their formation and maintenance in the face of gene flow is incomplete. In Burkina Faso, the major African malaria mosquito
Anopheles funestus
comprises two strictly sympatric and morphologically indistinguishable yet karyotypically differentiated forms reported to differ in ecology and behavior. However, knowledge of the genetic basis and environmental determinants of
An. funestus
diversification was impeded by lack of modern genomic resources. Here, we applied deep whole-genome sequencing and analysis to test the hypothesis that these two forms are ecotypes differentially adapted to breeding in natural swamps versus irrigated rice fields. We demonstrate genome-wide differentiation despite extensive microsympatry, synchronicity, and ongoing hybridization. Demographic inference supports a split only ~1,300 y ago, closely following the massive expansion of domesticated African rice cultivation ~1,850 y ago. Regions of highest divergence, concentrated in chromosomal inversions, were under selection during lineage splitting, consistent with local adaptation. The origin of nearly all variations implicated in adaptation, including chromosomal inversions, substantially predates the ecotype split, suggesting that rapid adaptation was fueled mainly by standing genetic variation. Sharp inversion frequency differences likely facilitated adaptive divergence between ecotypes by suppressing recombination between opposing chromosomal orientations of the two ecotypes, while permitting free recombination within the structurally monomorphic rice ecotype. Our results align with growing evidence from diverse taxa that rapid ecological diversification can arise from evolutionarily old structural genetic variants that modify genetic recombination.
Whose input matters?
Authors: Hayes-Harb Rachel , Barrios Shannon L. , Tripp Alayo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Input is a necessary condition for language acquisition. In the language classroom, input may come from a variety of sources, including the teacher and student peers. Here we ask whether adult Lx learners are sensitive to the social roles of teachers and students such that they exhibit a preference for input from the teacher. We conducted an experiment wherein adult English speakers heard words in an artificial language. During an exposure phase, in one condition a “teacher” produced words with 25 ms of VOT on initial stop segments and a “student” produced the same words with 125 msec of VOT; in another condition the VOT durations were reversed. At test, participants judged productions by a different “student” and demonstrated a preference for the productions that matched the VOT durations of the teacher during exposure, providing evidence for an influence of social factors in differentiating input in Lx acquisition.
Sub-aperture SAR imaging with uncertainty quantification
Authors: Churchill Victor , Gelb Anne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the problem of spotlight mode airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation, it is well-known that data collected over a wide azimuthal angle violate the isotropic scattering property typically assumed. Many techniques have been proposed to account for this issue, including both full-aperture and sub-aperture methods based on filtering, regularized least squares, and Bayesian methods. A full-aperture method that uses a hierarchical Bayesian prior to incorporate appropriate speckle modeling and reduction was recently introduced to produce samples of the posterior density rather than a single image estimate. This uncertainty quantification information is more robust as it can generate a variety of statistics for the scene. As proposed, the method was not well-suited for large problems, however, as the sampling was inefficient. Moreover, the method was not explicitly designed to mitigate the effects of the faulty isotropic scattering assumption. In this work we therefore propose a new sub-aperture SAR imaging method that uses a sparse Bayesian learning-type algorithm to more efficiently produce approximate posterior densities for each sub-aperture window. These estimates may be useful in and of themselves, or when of interest, the statistics from these distributions can be combined to form a composite image. Furthermore, unlike the often-employed

ℓ
p

-regularized least squares methods, no user-defined parameters are required. Application-specific adjustments are made to reduce the typically burdensome runtime and storage requirements so that appropriately large images can be generated. Finally, this paper focuses on incorporating these techniques into SAR image formation process, that is, for the problem starting with SAR phase history data, so that no additional processing errors are incurred. The advantage over existing SAR image formation methods are clearly presented with numerical experiments using real-world data.
Enhanced spin Hall effect of light in the PT-symmetric trilayer structure containing epsilon-near-zero materials
Authors: Song Yifei , Shu Yetao , Jiang Ting , Liu Jing , Luo Zhaoming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We systematically study the spin Hall effect of light (SHEL) in the parity-time (PT)-symmetric trilayer structure containing epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, and design a high sensitivity refractive index sensor with an adjustable sensing range. It is revealed that the SHEL shift in the PT-symmetric trilayer structure is clearly enhanced, which is two orders of magnitude larger than that in the conventional sandwich structure containing ENZ materials. The enhancement of the SHEL shift is attributed to the fact that the change of reflection coefficient induced by the quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) in the former structure is smoother than that induced by the bound states in the continuum in the latter structure. It is further found that when the refractive index of the interlayer dielectric in the PT-symmetric structure is fixed, the SHEL shift is significantly enhanced near the quasi-BIC resonance angle determined by the gain-loss coefficient. Meanwhile, the SHEL shift enhanced by excitation of quasi-BIC is very sensitive to the gain-loss coefficient and the refractive index of the interlayer dielectric. Finally, we design a high sensitivity refractive index sensor with an adjustable sensing range based on the quasi-BIC-enhanced SHEL shift. These studies provide a pathway to enhance the SHEL and may open avenues for the application of optical sensors.
High-field magnetization and electronic spin resonance study in the twisted honeycomb lattice α-Mn2V2O7
Authors: Chen R , Hu H J , Qu Z , Song Y R , Lei Q K , Liu C B , Tang Y S , Wang C L , He Z Z , Ouyang Z W , Zhang K , Qiu Y , Dong C , Wang J F 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report the single-crystal growth of Mn2V2O7and the results of magnetic susceptibility, high-field magnetization up to 55 T and high-frequency electric spin resonance (ESR) measurements for its low-temperatureαphase. Two antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at 17.5 K and 3 K and obvious magnetic anisotropy are observed inα-Mn2V2O7upon cooling. In pulsed high magnetic fields, the compound reaches the saturation magnetic moment of ∼10.5μBfor each molecular formula at around 45 T after two undergoing AFM phase transitions atHc1≈ 16 T,Hc2≈ 34.5 T forH//[11ˉ0] andHsf1= 2.5 T,Hsf2= 7 T forH//[001]. In these two directions, two and seven resonance modes are detected by ESR spectroscopy, respectively. Theω1andω2modes ofH//[11ˉ0] can be well described by two-sublattice AFM resonance mode with two zero-field gaps at 94.51 GHz and 169.28 GHz, indicating a hard-axis feature. The seven modes forH//[001] are partially separated by the critical fields ofHsf1andHsf2, displaying the two signs of spin-flop transition. The fittings ofωc1andωc2modes yield zero-field gaps at 69.50 GHz and 84.73 GHz forH//[001], confirming the axis-type anisotropy. The saturated moment and gyromagnetic ratio indicate the Mn2+ion inα-Mn2V2O7is in a high spin state with orbital moment completely quenched. A quasi-one-dimensional magnetism with a zig-zag-chain spin configuration is suggested inα-Mn2V2O7, due to the special neighbor interactions caused by a distorted network structure with honeycomb layer.
Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid 3He
Authors: Mäkinen J T , Zhang K , Eltsov V B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The different superfluid phases of 3He are described by p-wave order parameters that include anisotropy axes both in the orbital and spin spaces. The anisotropy axes characterize the broken symmetries in these macroscopically coherent quantum many-body systems. The systems’ free energy has several degenerate minima for certain orientations of the anisotropy axes. As a result, spatial variation of the order parameter between two such regions, settled in different energy minima, forms a topological soliton. Such solitons can terminate in the bulk liquid, where the termination line forms a vortex with trapped circulation of mass and spin superfluid currents. Here we discuss possible soliton-vortex structures based on the symmetry and topology arguments and focus on the three structures observed in experiments: solitons bounded by spin-mass vortices in the B phase, solitons bounded by half-quantum vortices (HQVs) in the polar and polar-distorted A phases, and the composite defect formed by a half-quantum vortex, soliton and the Kibble-Lazarides-Shafi wall in the polar-distorted B phase. The observations are based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and are of three types: first, solitons can form a potential well for trapped spin waves, observed as an extra peak in the NMR spectrum at shifted frequency; second, they can increase the relaxation rate of the NMR spin precession; lastly, the soliton can present the boundary conditions for the anisotropy axes in bulk, modifying the bulk NMR signal. Owing to solitons’ prominent NMR signatures and the ability to manipulate their structure with external magnetic field, solitons have become an important tool for probing and controlling the structure and dynamics of superfluid 3He, in particular HQVs with core-bound Majorana modes.
Fast near-infrared photodetectors from p-type SnSe nanoribbons
Authors: Li Long , Fang Suhui , Yu Ranran , Chen Ruoling , Wang Hailu , Gao Xiaofeng , Zha Wenjing , Yu Xiangxiang , Jiang Long , Zhu Desheng , Xiong Yan , Liao Yan-Hua , Zheng Dingshan , Yang Wen-Xing , Miao Jinshui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Low-dimensional tin selenide nanoribbons (SnSe NRs) show a wide range of applications in optoelectronics fields such as optical switches, photodetectors, and photovoltaic devices due to the suitable band gap, strong light–matter interaction, and high carrier mobility. However, it is still challenging to grow high-quality SnSe NRs for high-performance photodetectors so far. In this work, we successfully synthesized high-quality p-type SnSe NRs by chemical vapor deposition and then fabricated near-infrared photodetectors. The SnSe NR photodetectors show a high responsivity of 376.71 A W−1, external quantum efficiency of 5.65 × 104%, and detectivity of 8.66 × 1011 Jones. In addition, the devices show a fast response time with rise and fall time of up to 43 μs and 57 μs, respectively. Furthermore, the spatially resolved scanning photocurrent mapping shows very strong photocurrent at the metal-semiconductor contact regions, as well as fast generation-recombination photocurrent signals. This work demonstrated that p-type SnSe NRs are promising material candidates for broad-spectrum and fast-response optoelectronic devices.
In situ growth strategy to construct perovskite quantum dot@covalent organic framework composites with enhanced water stability
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , He Xiaoxiong , Wang Hao , Chen Liangjun , Xu Gaopeng , Zhang Nan , Qu Kang , He Qingquan , Peng Yongwu , Pan Jun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Metal halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have excellent optoelectronic properties; however, their poor stability under water or thermal conditions remains an obstacle to commercialization. Here, we used a carboxyl functional group (−COOH) to enhance the ability of a covalent organic framework (COF) to adsorb lead ions and grow CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) QDs in situ into a mesoporous carboxyl-functionalized COF to construct MAPbBr3 QDs@COF core–shell-like composites to improve the stability of perovskites. Owing to the protection of the COF, the as-prepared composites exhibited enhanced water stability, and the characteristic fluorescence was maintained for more than 15 d. These MAPbBr3 QDs@COF composites can be used to fabricate white light-emitting diodes with a color comparable to natural white emission. This work demonstrates the importance of functional groups for the in situ growth of perovskite QDs, and coating with a porous structure is an effective way to improve the stability of metal halide perovskites.
A study of indirect action’s impact on simulated neutron-induced DNA damage
Authors: Manalad James , Montgomery Logan , Kildea John 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. The risk of radiobiological stochastic effects associated with neutrons is strongly energy dependent. Recent Monte Carlo studies simulating neutron-irradiated nuclear DNA have demonstrated that this energy dependence is correlated with the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of neutrons to inflict DNA damage clusters that contain difficult-to-repair double-strand breaks. However, these previous investigations were either limited to modeling direct radiation action or considered the effects of both direct and indirect action together without distinguishing between the two. In this study, we aimed to quantify the influence of indirect action in neutron irradiation scenarios and acquire novel estimations of the energy-dependent neutron RBE for inducing DNA damage clusters due to both direct and indirect action. Approach. We explored the role of indirect action in neutron-induced DNA damage by integrating a validated indirect action model into our existing simulation pipeline. Using this pipeline, we performed track-structure simulations of monoenergetic neutron irradiations (1 eV to 10 MeV) in a nuclear DNA model and analyzed the resulting simple and clustered DNA lesions. We repeated the irradiation simulations for 250 keV x-rays that acted as our reference radiation. Main results. Including indirect action significantly increased the occurrence of DNA lesions. We found that indirect action tends to amplify the damage due to direct action by inducing DNA lesions in the vicinity of directly-induced lesions, resulting in additional and larger damage clusters. Our neutron RBE results are qualitatively similar to but lower in magnitude than the established radiation protection factors and the results of previous similar investigations, due to the greater relative impact of indirect action in photon-induced damage than in neutron-induced damage. Significance. Although our model for neutron-induced DNA damage has some important limitations, our findings suggest that the energy-dependent risk of neutron-induced stochastic effects may not be completely modeled alone by the relative potential of neutrons to inflict clustered lesions via direct and indirect action in DNA damage.
A frequency up-conversion rotational energy harvester with auxetic structures for high power output
Authors: Chen Keyu , Fang Shitong , Lai Zhihui , Cao Junyi , Liao Wei-Hsin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rotational energy harvesters (REHs) have been explored to substitute conventional batteries for small electronic sensors. However, there still exists a challenge for REHs to scavenge sufficient energy under low-rotational-frequency excitations. In this paper, we propose a plucking REH with auxetic structures, which utilizes the frequency up-conversion and auxetic structures to enhance the power output of the rotational energy harvesting under low-rotational-frequency excitations. Finite element simulation is performed to analyze the performance of the proposed REH. The simulation results match well with the experimental ones. When the magnet distance is set to be 2.5 mm, the maximum power output of the auxetic plucking REH (APREH) is found to be 1.43 mW at 1.1 Hz, which is increased by 686% compared with the conventional plain plucking REH. In addition, compared with typical plucking REHs, the proposed APREH achieves the highest power output under low-rotational-frequency excitations, which validates the advantage of adopting auxetic structures in plucking REHs.
Exceptional-point sensing with a quantum interferometer
Authors: Wong Wai Chun , Li Jensen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recently, multiple studies have suggested that exceptional points (EPs) in lossless nonlinear optical systems can minimize quantum noise arising from the material gain and loss in conventional non-Hermitian systems, offering the possibility of quantum EP sensing. Meanwhile, nonlinear SU(1,1) interferometers have been established as useful in sensing due to their reduced quantum noise. In this work, we demonstrate the existence of EPs in a dual-beam SU(1,1) interferometer with two nonlinear parametric amplifiers. Our analysis of the input-output matrix in terms of joint quadrature amplitudes shows that EPs can be linked to both high signal, through a zero matrix element, and low noise, through noise preservation, in sensing by selecting an appropriate operation gauge of the quadrature amplitudes. Additionally, for a multistage SU(1,1) interferometer, EPs of the overall input-output matrix form multiple bands of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which further separate into two phases indicated by the EPs of the transfer matrix of a repeating unit. Our investigations demonstrate the significance of quantum EPs in quantum interferometer sensing and broaden the operating regimes from diabolical points in some of the conventional SU(1,1) interferometers to EPs while still maintaining a high SNR.
Versatile Link+ transceiver production
Authors: Soós C. , Bergin D.E. , Detraz S. , Lalović M. , Marcon L. , Olanterä L. , Prousalidi T. , Sandven U. , Scarcella C. , Sigaud C. , Troska J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Versatile Link+ project targeting the Phase 2 HL-LHC detector upgrades is entering the production phase. After several years of prototyping, the industrialisation of the Versatile Link+ Transceiver (VTRx+) was launched in 2021 and the production is scheduled to start in 2022. We describe the extensive qualification effort carried out and the quality assurance procedures put in place to monitor the manufacturing quality. We summarise the experience of the industrialisation and we present the plans for the production.