bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver stiffness by magnetic resonance elastography is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Park Jung Gil , Jung Jinho , Verma Kritin K. , Kang Min Kyu , Madamba Egbert , Lopez Scarlett , Qas Yonan Aed , Liu Amy , Bettencourt Ricki , Sirlin Claude , Loomba Rohit 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a reliable non‐invasive alternative to liver biopsy for assessing liver fibrosis. There are limited data regarding an association between liver fibrosis by MRE and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).AimTo investigate the association of high‐risk CVD phenotype determined by coronary artery calcification (CAC) with liver fibrosis by MRE in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodThis was a cross‐sectional analysis of well‐characterised, prospective cohorts including 105 patients with NAFLD (MR imaging‐derived proton density fat fraction ≥ 5%) with contemporaneous cardiac computed tomography (CT) and MRE. Patients were assessed using MRE for liver stiffness, and cardiac CT for the presence of CAC (defined as coronary artery calcium score > 0). Odds of presence of CAC were analysed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe average age and body mass index were 54.9 years and 32.9 kg/m2 respectively. In this cohort, 49.5% of patients had CAC and 35.2% had significant liver fibrosis (defined as MRE ≥2.97 kPa). Compared to patients without CAC, those with CAC were older (50.0 [39.0‐59.0] vs 63.0 [55.5‐67.5], P < 0.001) and had higher Framingham risk score (FRS, 1.0 [0.5‐3.5] vs 6.0 [2.0‐12.0], P < 0.001). In multivariable‐adjusted analysis, liver stiffness as a continuous trait on MRE was independently associated with the presence of CAC in a sex and age‐adjusted model (adjusted odd ratios [aOR] = 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31‐4.34, P = 0.007) as well as in a FRS‐adjusted model (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.29‐4.09, P = 0.008). When analysed as a dichotomous trait, significant fibrosis (MRE‐stiffness ≥2.97 kPa) remained independently associated with the presence of CAC in both FRS‐adjusted model and sex and age‐adjusted model (aOR = 3.21‐3.53, P = 0.013‐0.017). In addition, CAC was more prevalent in patients with significant fibrosis than those without as determined by MRE (67.6% vs 39.7%, P = 0.012).ConclusionLiver stiffness determined by MRE is an independent predictor for the presence of CAC in patients with NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD and significant fibrosis by MRE should be considered for further cardiovascular risk assessment, regardless of their FRS.
Letter: tenofovir may be superior to entecavir for treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B patients—authors’ reply
Authors: Pol Stanislas , Lusivika Nzinga Clovis , Carrat Fabrice 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Pol et al and Wang et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16197andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16323
Letter: vedolizumab or a second anti‐TNF—no difference in efficacy for primary biologic failures with IBD. Authors' reply
Authors: Rundquist Sara , Sachs Michael C , Eriksson Carl , Olén Ola , Montgomery Scott , Halfvarson Jonas 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Rundquist et al and Demarzo et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16193andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16301
Review article: immunisation against hepatitis B virus infection and the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Vallet‐Pichard Anaïs , Pol Stanislas 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in a high risk of cirrhosis and its complications: cirrhosis decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, the fourth most common cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide), liver transplantation and death. It is now 40 years since development of the first plasmatic vaccine which has been proven to prevent (liver) cancer.AimsTo update firstly the molecular and epidemiological aspects of HBV‐related HCC and its natural history together with the benefits associated with viral suppression and secondly the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of HBV vaccination.MethodsAnalysis of recent published data regarding HBV replication, anti‐viral treatments and vaccination.ResultsThe nuclear HBV replication cycle in the hepatocyte combines two limiting steps to achievement of HBV cure during chronic infection: the formation of a minichromosome, the supercoiled cccDNA, and host‐genome integration of HBV DNA which triggers direct viral hepatocarcinogenesis. Even if specific anti‐viral treatments significantly reduce viral replication, they decrease but do not cancel the risk of liver‐related events in contrast with the prevention of HBV through HBV vaccination.ConclusionsTo achieve the 2030 viral hepatitis elimination plan, the HBV vaccine is a priority tool for achieving the sustainable development goals of the World Health Organization.
Letter: enhancing training opportunities for upper GI bleeding in Sheffield ‐ a UK transferable model? Authors' reply
Authors: Chaudhary Sardar , Stanley Adrian J. 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Chaudhary et al and Adu–Tei et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16170andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16354
A mixed‐attention‐based multi‐scale autoencoder algorithm for fabric defect detection
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Wu Yanzi , Lu Shuai , Yao Le , Li Pengfei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAiming at the defects in the process of fabric production, a defect detection model of fabric based on a mixed‐attention‐based multi‐scale non‐skipping U‐shaped deep convolutional autoencoder (MADCAE) was proposed. In a traditional encoder, the convolutional layer treats each pixel equally, so the importance of different pixels cannot be reflected. It is difficult to obtain richer and more effective information. The reconstruction of the defect region and the detection of the defect region are further affected. In this article, three different scale features of input images are extracted by enlarging the receptive field with large kernel convolution blocks. A hybrid attention module is used to ensure the richness of the extracted information in terms of space and channel. Experiments show that this method can effectively reconstruct fabric parts without requiring a large number of defect marking samples. It can quickly detect and locate defective areas of fabric patterns.
Moonlight diminishes seabird attraction to artificial light
Authors: Rodríguez Airam , Atchoi Elizabeth , Rodríguez Beneharo , Pipa Tania , Le Corre Matthieu , Ainley David G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRescue programs aiming to mitigate light‐induced mortality of seabird fledglings have reported that fewer birds are grounded (and rescued) during full moon nights. Two non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed as explanations: (1) reduction of strandings because birds are less attracted to and disorientated by light pollution during full moon nights; and (2) reduction of fledging activity, that is, chicks avoid departing the colony during nights with increased moonlight. We argue that evidence from rescue programs and other studies supports the first but not the second hypothesis. The evidence supports the conclusion that a higher proportion of fledglings make it safely to sea during full moon nights than during moonless nights. Thus, there is a decrease in the severity of light pollution on seabirds around the full moon.
Examining infants’ visual paired comparison performance in the US and rural Malawi
Authors: Beckner Aaron G. , Arnold Charles D. , Bragg Megan G. , Caswell Bess L. , Chen Zhijun , Cox Katherine , DeBolt Michaela C. , George Matthews , Maleta Kenneth , Stewart Christine , Oakes Lisa M. , Prado Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeasures of attention and memory were evaluated in 6‐ to 9‐month‐old infants from two diverse contexts. One sample consisted of African infants residing in rural Malawi (N = 228, 118 girls, 110 boys). The other sample consisted of racially diverse infants residing in suburban California (N = 48, 24 girls, 24 boys). Infants were tested in an eye‐tracking version of the visual paired comparison procedure and were shown racially familiar faces. The eye tracking data were parsed into individual looks, revealing that both groups of infants showed significant memory performance. However, how a look was operationally defined impacted some—but not other—measures of infant VPC performance.Research Highlights
In both the US and Malawi, 6‐ to 9‐month‐old infants showed evidence of memory for faces they had previously viewed during a familiarization period.
Infant age was associated with peak look duration and memory performance in both contexts.
Different operational definitions of a look yielded consistent findings for peak look duration and novelty preference scores—but not shift rate.
Operationalization of look‐defined measures is an important consideration for studies of infants in different cultural contexts.
Global governance guard rails for sharks: Progress towards implementing the United Nations international plan of action
Authors: Gilman Eric , Chaloupka Milani , Taylor Nathan , Nelson Lauren , Friedman Kim , Murua Hilario 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is growing concern over the conservation status of sharks and relatives exposed to fishing mortality. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1999 adopted the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (IPOA), which provides nations with advice on adopting and implementing national plans. An assessment of global national and regional plans of action on sharks (NPOAs) found: most are out of date; limited use of specific, measurable and timebound objectives and activities; no outcome objectives; and few performance assessments. This makes most NPOAs inadequate for planning and assessing efficacy. Over 33% of the annual retained catch of sharks and relatives was from countries without NPOAs and less than 12% was from countries with current NPOAs. NPOAs identified fisheries management framework deficits, ecology knowledge gaps, institutional capacity and coordination shortfalls, and budget constraints as the largest obstacles to implementation and are improvement priorities. We recommend how to amend the IPOA to better support the adoption and effective design and implementation of NPOAs for evidence‐informed conservation and management.
MODFLOW as a Configurable Multi‐Model Hydrologic Simulator
Authors: Langevin Christian D. , Hughes Joseph D. , Provost Alden M. , Russcher Martijn J. , Panday Sorab 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMODFLOW 6 is the latest in a line of six “core” versions of MODFLOW released by the U.S. Geological Survey. The MODFLOW 6 architecture supports incorporation of additional hydrologic processes, in addition to groundwater flow, and allows interaction between processes. The architecture supports multiple model instances and multiple types of models within a single simulation, a flexible approach to formulating and solving the equations that represent hydrologic processes, and recent advances in interoperability, which allow MODFLOW to be accessed and controlled by external programs. The present version of MODFLOW 6 consolidates popular capabilities available in MODFLOW variants, such as the unstructured grid support in MODFLOW‐USG, the Newton‐Raphson formulation in MODFLOW‐NWT, and the support for partitioned stress boundaries in MODFLOW‐CDSS. The flexible multi‐model capability allows users to configure MODFLOW 6 simulations to represent the local‐grid refinement (LGR) capabilities available in MODFLOW‐LGR, the multi‐species transport capabilities in MT3DMS, and the coupled variable‐density capabilities available in SEAWAT. This paper provides a new, holistic and integrated overview of simulation capabilities made possible by the MODFLOW 6 architecture, and describes how ongoing and future development can take advantage of the program architecture to integrate new capabilities in a way that is minimally invasive and automatically compatible with the existing MODFLOW 6 code.
Surface corrosion mechanism of ceramic proppant caused by formation water
Authors: Hao Jianying , Chen Jianing , Liang Tiancheng , Wang Shengchang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe performance of ceramic proppant tended to deteriorate during service, and one of the main reasons was the formation of water corrosion on the proppant surface. The proppant was isothermally soaked in formation water and the proppant immersed for different times was characterized by X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron micrscopy. It is found that Cl− in the formation water can migrate to the proppant surface by diffusion and cause corrosion, which degrades its performance. Silica of the proppant can react with Cl− of formation water to form SiCl4, which will rapidly hydrolyze to produce opaque silica gel or silicic acid gel coating the proppant surface. With the extension of immersion time, the gel becomes thicker and more, promoting the degradation of the proppant. This will provide some theoretical guidance for alleviating the degradation of proppant.
Efficacy and safety of oral sodium sulfate tablet compared with 1‐L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbate: a prospective, randomized, endoscopist‐blinded trial
Authors: Park Jin Hwa , Hong Seung Wook , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Ye Byong Duk , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Byeon Jeong‐Sik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimLow‐volume bowel preparation solutions, including 1‐L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbate (PEG‐A), have been developed to improve tolerability. The oral sodium sulfate tablet (OST) is a new agent with simethicone as a preloaded component. We investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of OST compared to 1‐L PEG‐A.MethodsA single‐center, prospective, controlled study was performed with randomization into the OST (group A) and 1‐L PEG‐A (group B) groups. Bowel preparation efficacy was assessed on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) and Bubble Scale. Safety and tolerability were evaluated using a questionnaire and laboratory examination.ResultsFinal analysis was performed on 171 patients (group A: 87, group B: 84). The proportion of bowel preparation success (BBPS ≥ 2 for each colonic segment) in group A was not inferior compared to group B (95.4%vs96.4%,P = 0.736, 1‐sided 97.5% lower confidence limit −7.0%). The adenoma detection rate was not different (59.6%vs41.9%;P = 0.087). The bubble scale was better in group A (0.2 ± 0.9vs1.9 ± 1.7,P < 0.001). All adverse events were mild in both groups. Nausea was less frequent in group A (14.9%vs38.1%,P = 0.001). Overall satisfaction was better in group A (8.1 ± 2.1vs6.4 ± 2.8,P < 0.001). No clinically significant laboratory abnormality developed in both groups. These findings were similarly shown in old patients ≥65 years.ConclusionsBoth OST and 1‐L PEG‐A were efficacious, safe, and tolerable for bowel preparation of colonoscopy. The OST showed fewer bubbles and slightly better tolerability.
Ball possessions and game rhythm in basketball games involving players with and without intellectual impairments
Authors: Sakalidis K. E. , Pérez‐Tejero J. , Khudair M. , Hettinga F. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundBall possessions and game rhythm are promising variables to better understand teams' collective behaviour during a basketball game. However, the role of these variables is not well documented in teams with intellectual impairments (II). This study aimed to explore ball possession and game rhythm differences between II and non‐II basketball games.MethodsData were obtained through video observations (53 II games) and the International Basketball Federation records (53 non‐II games).ResultsIndependent t‐tests (P ≤ 0.05) revealed that the number of ball possessions was higher and game rhythm was faster in II games. Two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance (P ≤ 0.05) showed that ball possessions and game rhythm developed differently throughout the II games compared with the non‐II games.ConclusionsThe differences may be due to the decision‐making, tactical and self‐regulatory limitations of players with II. These limitations adequately explain why players with II respond differently to the environmental cues and monitor insufficiently their actions compared with players without II. Additionally, the higher number of ball possessions and the faster game rhythm in II games could be an indicator of more intuitive, and thus faster, game‐related decision‐making. In conclusion, the study provides further understanding of the role of cognition in basketball and contributes to better explain the differences between II and non‐II games.
Hematology and blood biochemistry in a declining population of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata palliata) at La Pacifica, Costa Rica
Authors: Corewyn Lisa C. , Kelaita Mary A. , Nollman Jenny , Hagnauer Isabel , Blanco‐Peña Kinndle , Lessnau Robert G. , Clayton Jonathan B. , Shields‐Cutler Robin , Stoos Kari Brossard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlouatta palliata palliata are an ecologically flexible howler monkey subspecies that has recently been relisted as Endangered. Populations are declining through much of the subspecies' range, including at our study site at La Pacifica, Costa Rica. Our objectives were to screen blood hematology and biochemistry samples collected from this wild population to elucidate their baseline health.MethodsWe collected blood samples from 38 adult individuals from across the study site and analyzed 13 hematology and 14 biochemistry parameters.ResultsMost hematology and blood biochemistry parameter values were similar between males and females. However, mean hemoglobin was significantly lower, and mean white blood cell count was significantly higher in females; and mean calcium and mean creatinine were significantly lower in females compared to males.ConclusionsOverall, the La Pacifica population appeared healthy based on the blood parameters analyzed from sampled individuals. Our results were also largely consistent with published data available from other populations of A. p. palliata, and with reference values for captive Alouatta caraya.
Color stability of dual‐cured and light‐cured resin cements: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of in vitro studies
Authors: Hardan Louis , Bourgi Rim , Hernández‐Escamilla Triana , Piva Evandro , Devoto Walter , Lukomska‐Szymanska Monika , Cuevas‐Suárez Carlos Enrique 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the difference in the color stability of light‐cured and dual‐cured resin cements.Materials and MethodsTwo separate reviewers used the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Scielo databases to execute the systematic review. For the analysis, studies that evaluated the color stability of dual‐cured and light‐cured resin cements over time were used. The random effects model was used in the meta‐analysis. Analyses of subgroups were carried out based on the aging technique. The methodological quality of each in vitro study was evaluated in accordance with the parameters of a prior systematic review.ResultsFrom all databases, a total of 2223 articles were retrieved. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 44 studies were selected for full text review, and a total of 27 articles were used for the qualitative analysis. Finally, 23 articles remained for the qualitative analysis. The majority of studies were labeled as having a medium risk of bias. The global analysis showed that the dual‐cure resin cements had considerably greater differences in the color change (p = 0.006). A high heterogeneity index (86%) was found in the analysis.ConclusionsThe best available in vitro evidence suggests that dual‐polymerizing cement has higher color variation than light‐polymerized materials. To reduce the likelihood of color change after the luting of thin ceramic restorations, clinicians should employ light‐polymerizable resin cements.
Governing with contagion: Pandemic politics, COVID‐19, and undermining public health in Florida
Authors: Kline Nolan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe United States approached the COVID‐19 pandemic with inconsistent responses that varied by state. In Florida, legislators passed laws contrary to mitigating the pandemic. These laws included banning county and municipal efforts to control the spread of COVID‐19 through mask mandates, social distancing, and prohibiting vaccination mandates during infectious disease epidemics. Moreover, the Legislature simultaneously prioritized policies of social exclusion, passing bills that constrained the rights of transgender individuals, Black Lives Matter protestors, and educators. In this article, I use the perspectives of critical medical anthropology and “governing through contagion” to examine Florida's COVID‐19 response. I argue the COVID‐19 pandemic provided an opportunity for legislators to obfuscate their political power and advance a politics of social division while simultaneously passing policies that undermined human health. I refer to this process as governing with contagion: Using a pandemic as a politically expedient backdrop to conceal power and simultaneously harm human health.