bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Il flusso inverso. Un primo inquadramento geografico degli italiani di ritorno
Authors: Cristaldi Flavia , Omenetto Silvia 
Published: July 2023

The Reverse Flow: A First Geographical Overview of Returning Italians. By historical tradition, the emigration of compatriots is a structural phenomenon. However, as the number of expatriates increases over the last fifteen years, an objectively new fact becomes increasingly evident: a progressive growth of repatriations. Starting from an examination of the geographical literature on the subject, this contribution presents an initial geographical reflection on the areas of origin and the places of new residence of Italians who have returned in recent years, disaggregating the available statistical data (registry entries from abroad of Italian citizens made available by ISTAT and AIRE data provided by the Ministry of the Interior) at a provincial level.
Femmes en migration en Afrique de l’Ouest: un avenir d’émancipation?
Authors: Gamberoni Emanuela , Fall Papa Demba , kamdem Pierre 
Published: July 2023

Women in Migration in West Africa: a Future of Emancipation?. This article deals with female cross-border migration in West Africa. It is based on a research project on women migration (2020-2021), coordinated by the Réseau d’Étude des Migrations internationales africaines (REMIGRAF), of the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar. It highlights some results of the research, such as the specificity of the needs, the choices and strategies of women migrants, the adaptive and vulnerability factors, useful to local and regional (i.e. ECOWAS) sustainable public policies.
Perancangan ruang bekerja kreatif masa depan
Authors: Simahendali Elysa Yuanita , Asharhani Imaniar Sofia , Wiranata Alfonsus Grandy 
Published: July 2023

Tulisan ini membahas tentang perancangan ruang bekerja dengan tipologi creative hub berbasis karakter generasi masa depan. Perubahan ruang bekerja dipengaruhi oleh tren demografis yang merubah masyarakat secara umum dan kemajuan teknologi yang memudahkan komunikasi. Pada tahun 2020–2030, diperkirakan usia produktif yang siap untuk bekerja akan didominasi oleh generasi milenial. Isu permasalahan muncul saat ruang bekerja konvensional saat ini tidak lagi sesuai dengan karakter generasi tersebut. Melalui eksplorasi tipologi berbagai desain ruang bekerja di Jakarta, Bogor, dan Bandung, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana perancangan sebuah ruang bekerja di masa mendatang mampu mendukung karakter pekerja dalam berbagai aspek, yakni aspek collective, community, connected, costumization, dan confidence. Penelusuran terhadap aspek-aspek tersebut memengaruhi prinsip bekerja, gaya bekerja, preferensi tata ruang, serta minat industri dalam bekerja yang kemudian menjadi kriteria untuk mengembangkan creative hub sebagai pusat kegiatan kreatif. Tulisan ini mengulas perancangan creative hub yang menyenangkan dan ceria sebagai ruang ideal bagi pekerja di masa mendatang sebagai kontribusi terhadap perancangan ruang bekerja di masa depan.

This article discusses the development of the workspace design of a creative hub based on the characters of the future generation. Workspace changes are influenced by demographic trends and technology that alter society as a whole. In 2020–2030, it is expected that the productive working generation will be dominated by the millennial. However, the current conventional workspace is not suited to the character of such a generation. Through typological exploration of various creative workspaces in Jakarta, Bogor, and Bandung, this article aims to demonstrate how future workspaces accommodate various aspects of working, from collective, community, connected, customization, and confidence. Investigations towards such aspects shape the working principles, working lifestyle, and space organisation preferences that influence the development criteria of a creative hub as a centre of creative working activities. This article discusses a playful creative hub design as an ideal working space for future generations, as a contribution towards future workspace design.
Anatomisation of the Recent Trends in the Role of NGT in Fostering Sustainability and Environmental Justice in India: Challenges and Implications
Authors: Harigovind P. C. , Rakesh P. S. 
Published: July 2023

National Green Tribunal is a unique forum for adjudging matters relating to environmental protection, prior to which the same role was played by the higher judiciary exercising constitutional jurisdiction. Hence it is quite obvious to have a concern over the constitution of the Tribunal. The ability of the NGT to upkeep the constitutional right to safeguard the environment is to be experienced from its functioning. Crossing ten years, it is ideal for analyzing the effectiveness of NGT in achieving its mandate. Moreover, the right to environment is a fundamental right and a basic human right inspired by the international community as well as the United Nations documents. Most of the jurisprudence evolved internationally for environmental protection is now incorporated by the Supreme Court into the Indian legal system. Monitoring these fundamental guarantees is also now a promise expected from NGT, and its members are expected to be reasonably competent to upkeep these promises. Analyzing this competency of NGT over this period is significant for numerous reasons.
Addressing the conflict between development and environmental protection is one of the most challenging exercises, both in administrative and in judicial terms. On a close look at the NGT, it can be seen that the role in balancing development and environmental protection is mainly done now by the NGT. The success rate of NGT in drawing the balance will be analyzed in this work. Drawing a balance between development and environmental protection is designing this country's sustainable development concept. Thus, the role of NGT in this dimension also needs to be critically assessed.
In short, this article will try to conceptualize the effectiveness and pitfalls of making legislation like the NGT Act in India. This doctrinal research, with the aid of case laws of the Tribunal as well as the Constitutional Courts of India and research works and books of eminent scholars, can help understand the role played by the NGT in fostering sustainability and environmental justice in India, along with the challenges it faces.
Influence of Phosphorus and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Economics of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Ganesh Are Sai , Debbarma Victor 
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P).The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH7.8), low level of organic carbon (0.62%), available N (225 Kg/ha), P (38.2 kg/ha) and K (240.7 kg/ha). To determine the “Influence of phosphorus and plant growth regulators on growth, yield and economics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) to study the response of phosphorus levels viz (30 kg/ha), (40 kg/ha) and (50 kg/ha) with combination of 3 plant growth regulators viz. NAA (50ppm), Chlormequat chloride (250 ppm), Triacontanol (500 ppm). The experiment was laid out in RBD with 10 treatments each replicated thrice The results showed that significant and higher plant height (178.10cm), plant dry weight (69.60g) and crop growth rate (5.53 g/m2/day), relative growth rate (0.0058 g/g/day),higher ear head length (26.00 cm),maximum number of grains per ear head (1757.67), higher test weight (11.73 g), higher grain yield (2.69 t/ha), maximum stover yield (4.05 t/ha),higher harvest Index (39.96%),maximum gross return (INR 109625), net return (INR 74389) and B:C ratio (2.11) were observed in treatment 7 (Phosphorous50 kg/ha + NAA50 ppm).
Significance of Weed Flora Identification and its Management on Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growing Tract of Tungabhadra Command Area
Authors: Sreena K. S. , Yadahalli G. S. , Chittapur B. M. , Ajayakumar M. Y. , Bhat S. N. , Naik Nagaraj 
Published: July 2023

Aims: To identify the weed species in Bt cotton under Tunga-bhadra project command area and to study the effect of sequential application of pre- emergent (PE) and post- emergent herbicides (PoE) on weed growth and to know the efficiency of different weed control practices on weed species.
Study Design: The experiment was laid in RBD (Randomized Block Design).
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra farm, UAS, Raichur situated in TBP command area during kharif season of 2018-19.
Methodology: The design was RBD with 11 treatments and replicated thrice. Gross plot size of the field was 7.2 m × 4.8 m and net plot size was 5.4 m ×3.6 m with spacing of 90 x 30 cm. The certified seeds of Jadoo Bt II Cotton with the test weight of 6.5 g was used for sowing. The crop duration was around 6 month
Results: Weed flora present in the Bt cotton field were identified and classified based on their morphology. It was divulged that; dicotyledonous weeds were dominant in cotton field. The sequential applications of metolachlor 50 % EC @ 1000 g a.i. ha-1 as PE fb pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE @ 2-5 leaf stage of weeds fb Inter cultivation (IC) @ 60 DAS reported lower weed count and weed dry matter and reported the highest weed control efficiency (90.22 %) at harvest than the application of diuron 80 % WP as PE fb @ 1500 g a.i. and pendimethalin Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1250 g a.i. ha-1 as PE followed by pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE @ 2-5 leaf stage of weeds fb Inter cultivation (IC) @ 60 DAS.
Conclusion: Application of pre-emergent followed by post emergent herbicides control the early and later flush of weeds. It avoids the emergence of broad spectrum weed flushes and weed shift. Integrated herbicidal application along with intercultural operations was found better in keeping weeds under a threshold than following a single method.
Biomarkers Associated With Severe COVID-19 Among Populations With High Cardiometabolic Risk
Authors: Sood Tushar , Perrot Nicolas , Chong Michael , Mohammadi-Shemirani Pedrum , Mushtaha Maha , Leong Darryl , Rangarajan Sumathy , Hess Sibylle , Yusuf Salim , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Paré Guillaume , Pigeyre Marie 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceCardiometabolic parameters are established risk factors for COVID-19 severity. The identification of causal or protective biomarkers for COVID-19 severity may facilitate the development of novel therapies.ObjectiveTo identify protein biomarkers that promote or reduce COVID-19 severity and that mediate the association of cardiometabolic risk factors with COVID-19 severity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis genetic association study using 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted in 2022 to investigate associations among cardiometabolic risk factors, circulating biomarkers, and COVID-19 hospitalization. Inputs for MR included genetic and proteomic data from 4147 participants with dysglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors collected through the Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial. Genome-wide association study summary statistics were obtained from (1) 3 additional independent plasma proteome studies, (2) genetic consortia for selected cardiometabolic risk factors (including body mass index [BMI], type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, and systolic blood pressure; all n &amp;gt;10 000), and (3) the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (n = 5773 hospitalized and 15 497 nonhospitalized case participants with COVID-19). Data analysis was performed in July 2022.ExposuresGenetically determined concentrations of 235 circulating proteins assayed with a multiplex biomarker panel from the ORIGIN trial for the initial analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHospitalization status of individuals from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative with a positive COVID-19 test result.ResultsAmong 235 biomarkers tested in samples totaling 22 101 individuals, MR analysis showed that higher kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels reduced the likelihood of COVID-19 hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase in KIM-1 levels, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79-0.93]). A meta-analysis validated the protective association with no observed directional pleiotropy (OR per SD increase in KIM-1 levels, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.88-0.95]). Of the cardiometabolic risk factors studied, only BMI was associated with KIM-1 levels (0.17 SD increase in biomarker level per 1 kg/m2 [95% CI, 0.08-0.26]) and COVID-19 hospitalization (OR per 1-SD biomarker level, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.18-1.50]). Multivariable MR analysis also revealed that KIM-1 partially mitigated the association of BMI with COVID-19 hospitalization, reducing it by 10 percentage points (OR adjusted for KIM-1 level per 1 kg/m2, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.06-1.43]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this genetic association study, KIM-1 was identified as a potential mitigator of COVID-19 severity, possibly attenuating the increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization among individuals with high BMI. Further studies are required to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms.
Evaluation and Comparison of Ophthalmic Scientific Abstracts and References by Current Artificial Intelligence Chatbots
Authors: Hua Hong-Uyen , Kaakour Abdul-Hadi , Rachitskaya Aleksandra , Srivastava Sunil , Sharma Sumit , Mammo Danny A. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceLanguage-learning model–based artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are growing in popularity and have significant implications for both patient education and academia. Drawbacks of using AI chatbots in generating scientific abstracts and reference lists, including inaccurate content coming from hallucinations (ie, AI-generated output that deviates from its training data), have not been fully explored.ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the quality of ophthalmic scientific abstracts and references generated by earlier and updated versions of a popular AI chatbot.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional comparative study used 2 versions of an AI chatbot to generate scientific abstracts and 10 references for clinical research questions across 7 ophthalmology subspecialties. The abstracts were graded by 2 authors using modified DISCERN criteria and performance evaluation scores.Main Outcome and MeasuresScores for the chatbot-generated abstracts were compared using the t test. Abstracts were also evaluated by 2 AI output detectors. A hallucination rate for unverifiable references generated by the earlier and updated versions of the chatbot was calculated and compared.ResultsThe mean modified AI-DISCERN scores for the chatbot-generated abstracts were 35.9 and 38.1 (maximum of 50) for the earlier and updated versions, respectively (P = .30). Using the 2 AI output detectors, the mean fake scores (with a score of 100% meaning generated by AI) for the earlier and updated chatbot-generated abstracts were 65.4% and 10.8%, respectively (P = .01), for one detector and were 69.5% and 42.7% (P = .17) for the second detector. The mean hallucination rates for nonverifiable references generated by the earlier and updated versions were 33% and 29% (P = .74).Conclusions and RelevanceBoth versions of the chatbot generated average-quality abstracts. There was a high hallucination rate of generating fake references, and caution should be used when using these AI resources for health education or academic purposes.
Filling the Gap: Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters‐Induced Z‐Scheme Photosystem toward Robust and Stable Solar Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Yan Xian , Fu Xiao‐Yan , Xiao Fang‐Xing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAtomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) represent a promising generation of metal nanomaterial because of characteristic atomic stacking mode, abundant catalytic active sites, and molecular‐like discrete energy band structure. However, crafting metal NCs‐dominated photocatalytic systems with mediated charge transport pathways for photoredox catalysis is in the infant stage and their photocatalytic mechanisms remain elusive, which is largely hampered by the ultra‐short charge lifetime, generic instability, and complicated electronic structure of metal NCs. In this study, the smart construction of all‐solid‐state metal NCs‐transition metal chalcogenides quantum dots (TMCs QDs) Z‐scheme artificial photosystems for robust and stable solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion is demonstrated. The concurrent favorable photosensitization efficiency of metal NCs and TMCs QDs synergistically stimulate the unexpected Z‐scheme charge transport pathway, which significantly boosts the anisotropic spatial vectorial charge transport/separation, giving rise to considerably enhanced visible‐light‐responsive photocatalytic hydrogen generation performances along with favorable stability. This study would push forward the prosperity of exploring metal NCs‐based photosystems for solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion.
Nacre‐Inspired Metal‐Organic Framework Coatings Reinforced by Multiscale Hierarchical Cross‐linking for Integrated Antifouling and Anti‐Microbial Corrosion
Authors: Yu Zhiqun , Li Xiangyu , Li Xianghong , Zheng Borui , Li Dianzhong , Xu Dake , Wang Fuhui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA long‐standing quest in marine materials science has been the development of tough and effective antifouling coatings for diverse surface protection. However, most commercial coatings are severely limited by poor mechanical behavior and unsustainable passive biocidal effect, leading to irreversible marine biofouling and even microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Herein, inspired by the amorphous/crystalline feature within nacreous platelets, a mechanically robust antifouling coating composed of biopolymer‐based hydrogel and dense metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is developed. Tailoring the cross‐linked networks across multiscale interfaces can furnish strength, dissipate strain, and improve toughness of the building blocks, resulting in a firm and scalable configuration on various substrates regardless of material category and surface topology. The resultant coating as a suitable reservoir exhibits a unique active defensive behavior of intelligent MOF degradation or drug release, enabling a groundbreaking performance for broad‐spectrum biofouling and corrosion control. Notably, neither attachment of marine organisms nor MIC of metal substrates is observed and aggravated during the prolonged testing process in complex biological environments. This study provides distinctive insights into the underlying multimechanisms of comprehensive anti‐fouling‐corrosion and pioneer a rational strategy to design next‐generation reliable MOFs‐derived coatings in marine environments.
Interface‐Targeting Individually Functionalized Ionic Additive to Construct Stable Interphase on Selective Electrode Surface for Practical Lithium‐Ion Pouch Cells
Authors: Kim Wontak , Kim Tae Hyeon , Yu Jisang , Kim Young‐Jun , Kim Ki Jae , Kim Hyun‐seung 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIndividually functionalized cation‐ and anion‐based ionic additives are designed to mitigate the interfacial side reaction occurring on both the positive and negative electrode surfaces. By applying 1‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole‐3‐ium trifluoromethanesulfonate as a surface‐targeting electrolyte additive, the reciprocal failure from multiple electrolyte addition applications is theoretically prevented. Selective interface modification is performed using ionic additives by the migration of cations and anions to the negative and positive electrode surfaces, respectively. A drastic improvement in cycleability compared with that by a general carbonate electrolyte is achieved because the reinforcement of both the graphite and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 electrode surface is possible by ionic additives. Moreover, a further improvement in the cycle performance compared with that by the typical solid electrolyte interphase‐forming additives, such as vinylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate, is demonstrated by the ionic additive.
Pressure/Temperature Dual‐Responsive Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydrogels for On‐Demand Schemochrome Patterning
Authors: Li Xinkai , Liu Jize , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCellulose nanocrystal (CNC) based optical devices with adjustable schemochrome have attracted immense interest. However, most of the previously reported structural colored CNC‐based materials can only achieve simple stress‐induced color change, which have difficulty achieving multimode control of complex patterning that can be accurately identified. Here, inspired by the nanostructure‐based color‐changing mechanism of neon tetra, this study presents a pressure/temperature dual‐responsive CNC‐based schemochrome hydrogel with adjustable dynamic chiral nematic structure. By incorporating abundant interfacial noncovalent interactions, dynamic correlations between adjustable helical pitch of the vertically stacked cholesteric liquid crystalline (LC) phase and responsiveness of flexible thermosensitive substrate are established, which further enable wide‐range optical characteristic (12°–213° in HSV color model and 421–734 nm in the UV–Vis spectra) and identifiable visualized patterning. The resultant hydrogels are applied in proof‐of‐concept demonstrations of on‐demand schemochrome patterning, including customizable patterned dual‐encryption label, smart digital display, temperature monitor, and intelligent recognition/control system. This study envisages that the bioinspired construction of structural colored nanomaterials will have promising applications in smart responsive photonic equipment including smart display, anticounterfeiting, and intelligent control systems.
Wearable Sensors Based on Atomically Thin P‐Type Semiconductors
Authors: Jiang Jing , Zhang Ruifang , Wu Wenzhuo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract2D materials have exceptional physical and chemical characteristics, which makes them attractive for wearable technology. These characteristics include high carrier mobility, outstanding mechanical performance, abundant chemistry, and excellent electrostatic tunability. However, due to the high electron doping effect of interfacial charge impurities and intrinsic defects, most reported 2D materials are n‐type. Complementary electronic devices and high‐performance wearable sensors necessitate the development ofp‐type 2D semiconductors, which have superior electrocatalytic performance in oxidative processes compared to their n‐type counterparts. This review paper thoroughly accounts for recent advancements in 2Dp‐type semiconductor‐based wearable sensors, covering basic understandings, synthesis and fabrication, functional devices, and sensor performance insights. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for 2Dp‐type semiconductor‐based wearable sensors are discussed.
Light‐Responsive Nematic Colloids and Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Sudhakaran Devika Venkuzhy , Sahu Dinesh Kumar , Haba Osamu , Dhara Surajit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRational control over the periodic arrangement of particles by means of external stimuli is a technologically important aspect of colloidal science with important physical underpinnings. Here, robust structural control of particle assemblies in a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) is demonstrated by dissolving trace amounts of light‐responsive azo‐dendrimer molecules, which spontaneously get adsorbed on the particle surface. The azo‐dendrimer molecules in the presence of external UV irradiation undergo conformational change (trans‐cis); as a result, they transmit the mechanical torque to surrounding LC molecules and alter the near‐field director orientation. The director re‐orientation at the surface of the particles causes topological defect transformation, which involves elastic dipoles, quadrupoles, and hexadecapoles. The defect transformation can be emulated in colloidal assemblies toward different purposes such as rotation of chains and restructuring of 2D colloidal crystals. In this study, various topological aspects of light‐activated defect transformation and its application in the collective manipulation of colloidal assemblies are presented.