bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe‐Intercalation Dominated Ferromagnetism of van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Wu Yueshen , Hu Yuxiong , Wang Cong , Zhou Xiang , Hou Xiaofei , Xia Wei , Zhang Yiwen , Wang Jinghui , Ding Yifan , He Jiadian , Dong Peng , Bao Song , Wen Jinsheng , Guo Yanfeng , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Ji Wei , Wang Zhu‐Jun , Li Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFe3GeTe2 have proven to be of greatly intrigue. However, the underlying mechanism behind the varying Curie temperature (Tc) values remains a puzzle. This study explores the atomic structure of Fe3GeTe2 crystals exhibiting Tc values of 160, 210, and 230 K. The elemental mapping reveals a Fe‐intercalation on the interstitial sites within the van der Waals gap of the high‐Tc (210 and 230 K) samples, which are observed to have an exchange bias effect by electrical transport measurements, while Fe intercalation or the bias effect is absent in the low‐Tc (160 K) samples. First‐principles calculations further suggest that the Fe‐intercalation layer may be responsible for the local antiferromagnetic coupling that gives rise to the exchange bias effect, and that the interlayer exchange paths greatly contribute to the enhancement of Tc. This discovery of the Fe‐intercalation layer elucidates the mechanism behind the hidden antiferromagnetic ordering that underlies the enhancement of Tc in Fe3GeTe2.
Controllable Synthesis of 2H‐1T′ MoxRe(1‐x)S2 Lateral Heterostructures and Their Tunable Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Sun Xiaona , Liu Yang , Shi Jianwei , Si Chen , Du Jiantao , Liu Xinfeng , Jiang Chengbao , Yang Shengxue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConstructing heterostructures and doping are valid ways to improve the optoelectronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and optimize the performance of TMDs‐based photodetectors. Compared with transfer techniques, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has higher efficiency in preparing heterostructures. As for the one‐step CVD growth of heterostructures, cross‐contamination between the two materials may occur during the growth process, which may provide the possibility of one‐step simultaneous realization of controllable doping and formation of alloy‐based heterostructures by finely tuning the growth dynamics. Here, 2H‐1T′ MoxRe(1‐x)S2 alloy‐to‐alloy lateral heterostructures are synthesized through this one‐step CVD growth method, utilizing the cross‐contamination and different growth temperatures of the two alloys. Due to the doping of a small amount of Re atoms in 2H MoS2, 2H MoxRe(1‐x)S2 has a high response rejection ratio in the solar‐blind ultraviolet (SBUV) region and exhibits a positive photoconductive (PPC) effect. While the 1T′ MoxRe(1‐x)S2 formed by heavily doping Mo atoms into 1T' ReS2 will produce a negative photoconductivity (NPC) effect under UV laser irradiation. The optoelectronic property of 2H‐1T′ MoxRe(1‐x)S2‐based heterostructures can be modulated by gate voltage. These findings are expected to expand the functionality of traditional optoelectronic devices and have potential applications in optoelectronic logic devices.
Recent Progress on Plasmonic and Dielectric Chiral Metasurfaces: Fundamentals, Design Strategies, and Implementation
Authors: Khaliq Hafiz Saad , Nauman Asad , Lee Jae‐Won , Kim Hak‐Rin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the years, researchers have been exploring ways to artificially design chiral structures and materials, namely metamaterials and metasurfaces. They exhibit unique optical properties that can be used for various applications. However, metasurfaces comprise symmetry‐breaking structures that provide a more convenient solution for planar chiral optics regardless of whether they are plasmonic or dielectric. In general, plasmonic chiral metasurfaces are more suitable for applications requiring a high confinement level and substantial optical near‐field enhancement. In contrast, dielectric chiral metasurfaces are ideal for wide operating wavelength ranges and low losses. This review summarizes the recent progress on plasmonic and dielectric chiral metasurfaces. It includes the fundamental concepts, design strategies, and their implementation for applications in holographic displays, imaging and sensing, and detection. Moreover, an overview of chiral metasurfaces to generate the nonlinear effects, hosting bound states in the continuum, and the significant role of machine‐learning‐based design approaches are also discussed. Finally, some future developments are highlighted where chiral metasurfaces are expected to play a vital role.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Diarylation of Cyclobutanols for the Synthesis of Acylindanes
Authors: Yan Wen‐Jing , Tu Hai‐Yong , Liao Zhiyong , Shen Xiao‐Qin , Zhang Xing‐Guo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA method for the construction of the indane skeleton through palladium‐catalyzed ring‐opening diarylation of Cyclobutanols with aryl 1,2‐dihalides has been described. The ring‐expansion reaction involves β‐carbon elimination of Cyclobutanols and subsequent α‐carbon arylation of ketone to give 2‐acylindanes in 42–93% yields.
Developing Hypoimmunogenic Human iPSC‐Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells as an Off‐The‐Shelf Cell Therapy for Myelin Disorders
Authors: Feng Lizhao , Chao Jianfei , Ye Peng , Luong Qui , Sun Guoqiang , Liu Wei , Cui Qi , Flores Sergio , Jackson Natasha , Shayento Afm Nazmul Hoque , Sun Guihua , Liu Zhenqing , Hu Weidong , Shi Yanhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDemyelinating disorders are among the most common and debilitating diseases in neurology. Canavan disease (CD) is a lethal demyelinating disease caused by mutation of the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene, which leads to the accumulation of its substrate N‐acetyl‐l‐aspartate (NAA), and consequently demyelination and vacuolation in the brain. In this study, hypoimmunogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) are developed from a healthy donor as an “off‐the‐shelf” cell therapy. Hypoimmunogenic iPSCs are generated through CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules in healthy donor‐derived iPSCs and differentiated into OPCs. The OPCs are engrafted into the brains of CD (nur7) mice and exhibit widespread distribution in the brain. The engrafted OPCs mature into oligodendrocytes that express the endogenous wildtype ASPA gene. Consequently, the transplanted mice exhibit elevated human ASPA expression and enzymatic activity and reduced NAA level in the brain. The transplanted OPCs are able to rescue major pathological features of CD, including defective myelination, extensive vacuolation, and motor function deficits. Moreover, the hypoimmunogenic OPCs exhibit low immunogenicity both in vitro and in vivo. The hypoimmunogenic OPCs can be used as “off‐the‐shelf” universal donor cells to treat various CD patients and many other demyelinating disorders, especially autoimmune demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
Biomimetic and NOS‐Responsive Nanomotor Deeply Delivery a Combination of MSC‐EV and Mitochondrial ROS Scavenger and Promote Heart Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Ning , Fan Mengkang , Zhao Yongchao , Hu Xiaolong , Zhu Qiongjun , Jiao Xiaolu , Lv Qingbo , Li Duanbin , Huang Zheyong , Fu Guosheng , Ge Junbo , Li Hongjun , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicle (MSC‐EV) is shown to promote cardiac repair, however, it still falls short in initiating myocardia proliferation restart. In this regard, ROS‐induced DNA damage and responses are the culprit of cellcycle arrest. Here, this work constructs a hybrid cell‐derived extracellular vesicle that is composed of MSC and macrophage membranes and encompasses MitoN, a ROS scavenger, to boost the healing of the heart. The MitoN, a NAD(P)H mimic, could target the mitochondrial to eliminate the ROS resuming the arrested cell cycle. The hybrid extracellular vesicle (N@MEV) could respond to the inflammatory signals generated during myocardial injury and thus enable superior targeting and enrichment to the location of the damage. L‐arginine, which could be catalyzed by NOS and ROS into NO and SO provide a driving force, is immobilized within the vesicle (NA@MEV) to further enhance the N@MEV's potential to penetrate the cardiac stroma. In combination with multiple mechanisms, NA@MEV increased heart function 1.3‐fold EF% versus MSC‐EV in mouse myocardial injury model. A more in‐depth mechanistic study found that the NA@MEV could modulate M2 macrophage; promote angiogenesis; reduce DNA damage and response, and thereby restart cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, this combined therapy shows synthetic effects in heart repair and regeneration.
Engineering Cooperative Catalysis in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Qin Jinlei , Wang Rui , Xiao Pei , Wang Deli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are regarded to be one of the most promising next‐generation batteries owing to the merits of high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, the aprotic S electrochemistry is hampered by the shuttling effect and sluggish conversion of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Various electrocatalysts have been designed to optimize the conversion kinetics of the LiPSs. Heteroatom doping or polar catalyst incorporation plays an important role to remedy these shortcomings. Here, the cooperative catalytic effects engendered by heteroatom codoping engineering, catalyst/heteroatom doping composite strategy, and integrating polar‐metal‐based material design are summarized. First, the design principles of the cooperative catalytic effect on the conductive interface are described in detail. Moreover, a systematic investigation of electrocatalytic kinetics characterization techniques that establish a bridge between the cooperative solid–liquid interface and the macroscopic electrochemical performance is highlighted, providing more scientific guidance for the catalyst design. In conclusion, stemming from the current achievements, future directions targeting the high‐energy‐density Li–S batteries for commercialization are proposed.
Waterlogging tolerance of winter crops: Root mass density and canopy dynamics
Authors: Ploschuk Rocio Antonella , Miralles Daniel Julio , Striker Gustavo Gabriel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWaterlogging has become an increasingly important abiotic stress. To develop strategies for mitigating its effects, it is crucial to identify traits that confer tolerance. Root mass density (RMD) is a pivotal trait for waterlogging tolerance; however, the behavior of this trait during waterlogging is not well understood. Therefore, two experimental years were conducted to study the effects of early‐ and late‐waterlogging at the canopy level on wheat (Triticum aestivum L., barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) crops in 1 m3 containers. The results showed that early‐waterlogging reduced RMD, green leaf, and stem dry weights (DWs) in wheat and barley. Nevertheless, they were able to recover without yield penalties. Late‐waterlogging had little impact on RMD in wheat and barley; however, it lowered the tiller number and caused accelerated leaf senescence, resulting in a 65% yield reduction in barley. Early‐waterlogged oilseed rape and pea also exhibited reduced RMD, with oilseed rape recovering with a 17% yield reduction, whereas pea was the most sensitive crop, showing no recovery and a 90% yield reduction. Overall, early‐ waterlogging generally reduces RMD, particularly in the shallow soil layer, but with recovery potential. In contrast, late‐ waterlogging affects yield by reducing tillers/branches and accelerating senescence, with little impact on RMD. Identifying these traits and their responses to waterlogging stress can aid in the development of strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of waterlogging on crops.
Using geometric morphometrics to determine the “fittest” floral shape: A case study in large‐flowered, buzz‐pollinated Meriania hernandoi
Authors: Dellinger Agnes S. , Hanusch Daniela , Oswald Mario , Fernández‐Fernández Diana , Schönenberger Jürg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPremiseFloral shape (relative arrangement and position of floral organs) is critical in mediating fit with pollinators and maximizing conspecific pollen transfer particularly in functionally specialized systems. To date, however, few studies have attempted to quantify flowers as the inherently three‐dimensional (3D) structures they are and determine the effect of intraspecific shape variation on pollen transfer. We here addressed this research gap using a functionally specialized system, buzz pollination, in which bees extract pollen through vibrations, as a model. Our study species, Meriania hernandoi (Melastomataceae), undergoes a floral shape change from pseudocampanulate corollas with more actinomorphically arranged stamens (first day) to open corollas with a more zygomorphic androecium (second day) over anthesis, providing a natural experiment to test how variation in floral shape affects pollination performance.MethodsIn one population of M. hernandoi, we bagged 51 pre‐anthetic flowers and exposed half of them to bee pollinators when they were in either stage of their shape transition. We then collected flowers, obtained 3D flower models through x‐ray computed tomography for 3D geometric morphometric analyses, and counted the pollen grains remaining per stamen (male pollination performance) and stigmatic pollen loads (female pollination performance).ResultsMale pollination performance was significantly higher in open flowers with zygomorphic androecia than in pseudo‐campanulate flowers. Female pollination performance did not differ among floral shapes.ConclusionsThese results suggest that there is an “optimal” shape for male pollination performance, while the movement of bees around the flower when buzzing the spread‐out stamens results in sufficient pollen deposition regardless of floral shape.
Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles by Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Migratory Cycloisomerization of o‐Alkynylanilides
Authors: Koshiba Mikiko , Furuki Yuto , Morisaki Kazuhiro , Doi Ryohei , Sato Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe herein report a nickel‐catalyzed migratory cycloisomerization of o‐alkynylanilides, giving 2,3‐disubstituted indoles in good yields. The cyclization proceeded via acyl transfer on the nitrogen atom of the substrate to C3‐position in the product, and an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand such as ICy or SICy was found to be suitable in this reaction. It was thought that the reaction proceeds via an aza‐nickelcyclepentene intermediate formed from alkyne and the C=O bond of the amide moiety in o‐alkynylanilides.
Anti‐apoptotic protein BCL‐XL as a therapeutic vulnerability in gastric cancer
Authors: Wei Yumin , Zhang Liping , Wang Chao , Li Zefeng , Luo Mingjie , Xie Guomin , Yang Xingjiu , Li Mengyuan , Ren Shuyue , Zhao Dongbing , Gao Ran , Gong Jia‐Nan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNew therapeutic targets are needed to improve the outcomes for gastric cancer (GC) patients with advanced disease. Evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a hallmark of cancer cells and direct induction of apoptosis by targeting the pro‐survival BCL2 family proteins represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning cancer cell survival could provide a molecular basis for potential therapeutic interventions.MethodHere we explored the role of BCL2L1 and the encoded anti‐apoptotic BCL‐XL in GC. Using Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) technology to investigate the DNA amplification of BCL2L1 in GC samples and GC cell lines, the sensitivity of GC cell lines to selective BCL‐XL inhibitors A1155463 and A1331852, pan‐inhibitor ABT‐263, and VHL‐based PROTAC‐BCL‐XL was analyzed using (CellTiter‐Glo) CTG assay in vitro. Western Blot (WB) was used to detect the protein expression of BCL2 family members in GC cell lines and the manner in which PROTAC‐BCL‐XL kills GC cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) was used to investigate the mechanism of A1331852 and ABT‐263 kills GC cell lines. DDPCR, WB, and real‐time PCR (RTPCR) were used to investigate the correlation between DNA, RNA, protein levels, and drug activity.ResultsThe functional assay showed that a subset of GC cell lines relies on BCL‐XL for survival. In gastric cancer cell lines, BCL‐XL inhibitors A1155463 and A1331852 are more sensitive than the pan BCL2 family inhibitor ABT‐263, indicating that ABT‐263 is not an optimal inhibitor of BCL‐XL. VHL‐based PROTAC‐BCL‐XL DT2216 appears to be active in GC cells. DT2216 induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner through the proteasome pathway. Statistical analysis showed that the BCL‐XL protein level predicts the response of GC cells to BCL‐XL targeting therapy and BCL2L1 gene CNVs do not reliably predict BCL‐XL expression.ConclusionWe identified BCL‐XL as a promising therapeutic target in a subset of GC cases with high levels of BCL‐XL protein expression. Functionally, we demonstrated that both selective BCL‐XL inhibitors and VHL‐based PROTAC BCL‐XL can potently kill GC cells that are reliant on BCL‐XL for survival. However, we found that BCL2L1 copy number variations (CNVs) cannot reliably predict BCL‐XL expression, but the BCL‐XL protein level serves as a useful biomarker for predicting the sensitivity of GC cells to BCL‐XL‐targeting compounds. Taken together, our study pinpointed BCL‐XL as potential druggable target for specific subsets of GC.
Visualizing the Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Zhang Yong , Tu Jialong , Liu Zihan , He Shangling , Chen Hechong , Yang Xiangbo , Wang Guanghui , Deng Dongmei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel approach to visualize the fractional orbital angular amentum (OAM) flow of light fields at the example of the Lommel tornado wave (LoTW) along the propagation direction in free space. The novel approach that is based on the transverse intensity distributions of the LoTWs can be used to identify and quantify the fractional OAM. The energy that is continuously distributed flexibly is controlled via the asymmetry factor and topological charge. Furthermore, the OAM density on concentric rings and chiral paths is employed to demonstrate convincingly as a manifestation of the energy flow. Such beams are anticipated to find potential applications in optical communication and optical micromanipulation.
Hydrocarbon Oxidation by a Porphyrin‐π‐Cation Radical Complex
Authors: Lovisari Marta , Reid Kelly Oscar , McDonald Aidan R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHeme and chlorin π‐cation radical oxidants are widely implicated in biological and synthetic oxidation catalysis. Little insight into the role of π‐cation radicals in proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) oxidation is available. We prepared a NiII‐porphyrin‐π‐cation complex ([NiII(P⋅+)]) and found it to be capable of the oxidation of a variety of simple hydrocarbon substrates. Interestingly, some of the products were hydroxylated, with ([NiII(P⋅+)]) working in concert with atmospheric O2 to yield hydroxylated hydrocarbons. Kinetic data suggested that the porphyrin‐π‐cation radical species oxidised substrates through a concerted PCET mechanism, where the porphyrin‐π‐cation radical accepted the electron, and the proton was transferred to a free anion. Our findings highlight the potential role of π‐cation radicals as hydrocarbon activators, demonstrating that porphyrin ligand non‐innocence could be a readily manipulated resource for oxidation catalyst development.
Electrode/Electrolyte Synergy for Concerted Promotion of Electron and Proton Transfers toward Efficient Neutral Water Oxidation
Authors: Hao Yaming , Kang Yikun , Wang Shaoyan , Chen Zhe , Lei Can , Cao Xueting , Chen Lin , Li Yefei , Liu Zhipan , Gong Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeutral water oxidation is a crucial half‐reaction for various electrochemical applications requiring pH‐benign conditions. However, its sluggish kinetics with limited proton and electron transfer rates greatly impacts the overall energy efficiency. In this work, we created an electrode/electrolyte synergy strategy for simultaneously enhancing the proton and electron transfers at the interface toward highly efficient neutral water oxidation. The charge transfer was accelerated between the iridium oxide and in situ formed nickel oxyhydroxide on the electrode end. The proton transfer was expedited by the compact borate environment that originated from hierarchical fluoride/borate anions on the electrolyte end. These concerted promotions facilitated the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) events. Due to the electrode/electrolyte synergy, Ir−O and Ir−OO− intermediates could be directly detected by in situ Raman spectroscopy, and the rate‐limiting step of Ir−O oxidation was determined. This synergy strategy can extend the scope of optimizing electrocatalytic activities toward more electrode/electrolyte combinations.
Combining Solid‐State NMR with Structural and Biophysical Techniques to Design Challenging Protein‐Drug Conjugates
Authors: Cerofolini Linda , Vasa Kristian , Bianconi Elisa , Salobehaj Maria , Cappelli Giulia , Bonciani Alice , Licciardi Giulia , Pérez‐Ràfols Anna , Padilla‐Cortés Luis , Antonacci Sabrina , Rizzo Domenico , Ravera Enrico , Viglianisi Caterina , Calderone Vito , Parigi Giacomo , Luchinat Claudio , Macchiarulo Antonio , Menichetti Stefano , Fragai Marco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeveral protein‐drug conjugates are currently being used in cancer therapy. These conjugates rely on cytotoxic organic compounds that are covalently attached to the carrier proteins or that interact with them via non‐covalent interactions. Human transthyretin (TTR), a physiological protein, has already been identified as a possible carrier protein for the delivery of cytotoxic drugs. Here we show the structure‐guided development of a new stable cytotoxic molecule based on a known strong binder of TTR and a well‐established anticancer drug. This example is used to demonstrate the importance of the integration of multiple biophysical and structural techniques, encompassing microscale thermophoresis, X‐ray crystallography and NMR. In particular, we show that solid‐state NMR has the ability to reveal effects caused by ligand binding which are more easily relatable to structural and dynamical alterations that impact the stability of macromolecular complexes.