bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferred product attributes of a multipurpose vaginal ring: Findings from a phase 1 trial
Authors: Tolley Elizabeth E. , Hanif Homaira , Thurman Andrea , Brache Vivian , Doncel Gustavo F. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMost women face multiple and co-occurring risks from unwanted pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at some point during their lifetime. While a range of contraceptive methods exist and options for HIV prevention are increasing, to date, only male and female condoms provide multipurpose protection from both pregnancy and disease.MethodsFrom September 2017 to December 2018, 60 women from the United States and the Dominican Republic, randomized 1:1 to continuous or interrupted use and 4:1 to active vs. placebo ring, participated in a Phase I trial to assess the safety and tolerability of a three-month multipurpose intravaginal ring (IVR) containing the antiviral tenofovir and the contraceptive levonorgestrel. This study examines survey responses from all participants and qualitative data from a subset of 17 women to assess acceptability of and preferences for IVR characteristics.ResultsOverall, women liked the concept of a multipurpose IVR and found it easy to insert and remove. Initial concerns about the size or thickness of the ring generally disappeared with use experience. Women weighed trade-offs between the ease of continuous use for a longer duration against concerns about hygiene and discoloration of the ring when left in place during menses. Whether randomized to continuous or interrupted use, most women found ring attributes (size, thickness, flexibility) very acceptable. They provided recommendations via survey and qualitative interviews for ring modifications that would further increase acceptability. Insights into women's use experiences also suggest the need for clear counseling messages and introduction strategies that can facilitate women's choice and use of prevention methods.DiscussionStudy findings suggest that a multipurpose IVR would make a valuable contribution to women's sexual and reproductive health options, and that both continuous and interrupted use strategies may be preferred.
Diabetes—Tuberculosis Care in Eswatini: A Qualitative Study of Opportunities and Recommendations for Effective Services Integration
Authors: Williams Victor , Vos-Seda Alinda G. , Haumba Samson , Mdluli-Dlamini Lindiwe , Calnan Marianne , Grobbee Diederick E. , Otwombe Kennedy , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin 
Published: March 2023

Objective: This study describes the availability of basic services, equipment, and commodities for integrated DM–TB services, best practices by healthcare workers, and opportunities for better integration of DM–TB care in Eswatini.Methods: A qualitative design was used. Twenty-three healthcare workers participated in a survey and key informant interview.Results: Most respondents indicated DM and TB care are integrated and clients access blood pressure and fasting/random blood glucose assessment. Few respondents indicated they provide visual assessment, hearing assessment, and HbA1c testing. Respondents experienced stockouts of urinalysis strips, antihypertensive drugs, insulin, glucometer strips, and DM drugs in the previous 6 months before the interview. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative interviews—quality and current standards of care, best practices, opportunities, and recommendations to improve integrated services delivery.Conclusion: While DM care is provided for TB patients, the implementation of integrated DM–TB services is suboptimal as the quality and current standards of care vary across health facilities due to different patient-level and health system challenges. Some identified opportunities must be utilized for a successful DM–TB integration.
Extending Validity of the Bacterial Cell Cycle Model through Thymine Limitation: A Personal View
Authors: Zaritsky Arieh 
Published: March 2023

The contemporary view of bacterial physiology was established in 1958 at the “Copenhagen School”, culminating a decade later in a detailed description of the cell cycle based on four parameters. This model has been subsequently supported by numerous studies, nicknamed BCD (The Bacterial Cell-Cycle Dogma). It readily explains, quantitatively, the coupling between chromosome replication and cell division, size and DNA content. An important derivative is the number of replication positions n, the ratio between the time C to complete a round of replication and the cell mass doubling time τ; the former is constant at any temperature and the latter is determined by the medium composition. Changes in cell width W are highly correlated to n through the equation for so-called nucleoid complexity NC (=(2n − 1)/(ln2 × n)), the amount of DNA per terC (i.e., chromosome) in genome equivalents. The narrow range of potential n can be dramatically extended using the method of thymine limitation of thymine-requiring mutants, which allows a more rigorous testing of the hypothesis that the nucleoid structure is the primary source of the signal that determines W during cell division. How this putative signal is relayed from the nucleoid to the divisome is still highly enigmatic. The aim of this Opinion article is to suggest the possibility of a new signaling function for nucleoid DNA.
Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum olympicum L.
Authors: Ilieva Yana , Momekov Georgi , Zaharieva Maya Margaritova , Marinov Teodor , Kokanova-Nedialkova Zlatina , Najdenski Hristo , Nedialkov Paraskev T. 
Published: March 2023

Two new bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane type bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives (BPAPs), olympiforin A and B as well as three known prenylated phloroglucinols, were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum olympicum L. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of spectral techniques (HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR). All compounds were tested on a panel of human tumor (MDA-MB-231, EJ, K-562, HL-60 and HL-60/DOX) and non- tumorigenic (HEK-293 and EA.hy926) cell lines using the MTT assay. All tested compounds exerted significant in vitro cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 24.9 μM and from 0.9 to 34 μM on tumor and non-cancerous cell lines, respectively. Most of the compounds had good selectivity and were more cytotoxic to the tumor cell lines than to the normal ones. A degradation of the precursor caspase 9 for some of the compounds was observed; therefore, the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is the most likely mechanism of cytotoxic activity. The BPAPs were examined for antibacterial and antibiofilm activity through the broth microdilution method and the protocol of Stepanović. They showed a moderate effect against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pyogenes but a very profound activity against Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the range of 0.78–2 mg/L. Olympiforin B also had a great effect against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with an MIC value of 1 mg/L and a very significant antibiofilm activity on that strain with a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) value of 0.5 mg/L. The structures of the isolated compounds were in silico evaluated using ADME and drug likeness tests.
Phylogeny of Shrew- and Mole-Borne Hantaviruses in Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Kikuchi Fuka , Arai Satoru , Hejduk Janusz , Hayashi Ai , Markowski Janusz , Markowski Marcin , Rychlik Leszek , Khodzinskyi Vasyl , Kamiya Hajime , Mizutani Tetsuya , Suzuki Motoi , Sikorska Beata , Liberski Paweł P. , Yanagihara Richard 
Published: March 2023

Earlier, we demonstrated the co-circulation of genetically distinct non-rodent-borne hantaviruses, including Boginia virus (BOGV) in the Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens), Seewis virus (SWSV) in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus) and Nova virus (NVAV) in the European mole (Talpa europaea), in central Poland. To further investigate the phylogeny of hantaviruses harbored by soricid and talpid reservoir hosts, we analyzed RNAlater®-preserved lung tissues from 320 shrews and 26 moles, both captured during 1990–2017 across Poland, and 10 European moles from Ukraine for hantavirus RNA through RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. SWSV and Altai virus (ALTV) were detected in Sorex araneus and Sorex minutus in Boginia and the Białowieża Forest, respectively, and NVAV was detected in Talpa europaea in Huta Dłutowska, Poland, and in Lviv, Ukraine. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods showed geography-specific lineages of SWSV in Poland and elsewhere in Eurasia and of NVAV in Poland and Ukraine. The ATLV strain in Sorex minutus from the Białowieża Forest on the Polish–Belarusian border was distantly related to the ATLV strain previously reported in Sorex minutus from Chmiel in southeastern Poland. Overall, the gene phylogenies found support long-standing host-specific adaptation.
Illicit drug trafficking in the region of responsibility of the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization as an independent type of crime
Authors: Pustovoyt Elizaveta 
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The article provides criminological characteristics of drug trafficking in the region of responsibility of the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (hereinafter referred to as the Organization, the CSTO). This characteristic reflects one of the main criminological problems - constantly growing drug trafficking, the source of which is the territory of Afghanistan. It is indicated that the Organization is an important actor of international law enforcement activities that counteract the illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs of Afghan origin. The article reveals the peculiarities of drug trafficking in the region of responsibility of the CSTO member states.
Methods. The methodological basis of this study was formed by such methods as formal-logical, sociological, statistical, historical and scientific interpretation of the crime model proposed by D.A. Shestakov.
Results. According to the results of the study, the author proposes the concept of «drug crime in the region of responsibility of the CSTO member states» and indicates the danger of drug trafficking (drug crime) as a socio and legal phenomenon in this region. Based on the multilevel model of understanding crime («Shestakov funnel»), the author’s dynamic model of the «funnel» of drug crimes in this region, which consists of five levels and three trends, is proposed. The proposed model of drug crimes has a dynamic character and may vary depending on the period under review. The results of the study can also be used by law enforcement officers and scientists dealing with this issue. The identified features contribute to understanding the directions of preventive impact on the considered type of crime.
Initiation of criminal cases on tax crimes: problems and possible solutions
Authors: Serova Elena , Pushtorskaya Ekaterina 
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Tax crimes, the essence of which lies in the failure of taxpayers to fulfill their obligations and pay taxes in the amounts stipulated by the legislator, are most often detected within the framework of the activities of tax authorities, which reflects the possibility of initiating this category of criminal cases at the present stage solely on the basis of materials of a tax authority. At the same time, the guarantees contained in the tax legislation to protect a conscientious taxpayer from unfounded claims of tax authorities are successfully used by unscrupulous taxpayers who deliberately evade their duties, since they provide an opportunity to actquickly to conceal the traces of criminal activity. Not all the issues related to the receipt by tax authorities of information on the illegal activities of business participants, fixation of detected traces of a crime and sending the obtained results to the investigating authorities, have been resolved in the legislation, therefore, the achievement by tax service of the necessary results when conducting tax control also needs to be supported by legal mechanisms for the effective detection of tax crimes, their documentation and transfer to the investigating authorities for the initiation of criminal prosecution of the perpetrators. The aim of the study is the need to determine the possibility of expanding the number of reasons for initiating criminal cases on tax crimesbased on the analysis of the problems of implementing the modern legislative model for initiating criminal cases and the mechanism for conducting joint inspections with law enforcement agencies.
Methods. In the course of the study, general scientific and particular scientific research methods were used: formal-logical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, hypotheses), comparative-legal, system structural research methods, statistical analysis method, observation, questioning, interviewing, content analysis of documents.
Results. When studying the judicial practice and statistical reporting of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, it has been concluded that it is possible for taxpayers who are aware in advance of the identified risks of tax violations, as well as the amounts and circumstances of alleged evasion, to hide the traces of a crime, withdraw property or transfer business before a criminal case is initiated. Contradictions have been identified between the main tasks of the internal affairs bodies and their powers during the inspection and after its completion. The authors have made proposals regarding the possibility of initiating criminal prosecution by the internal affairs body in the event of tax evasion on an especially large scale, presence of facts of property withdrawal or business transfer after the taxpayer is handed a tax audit report and receives all the necessary documents from the tax authority.
Methodology for studying the socio-psychological climate in teams of students of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Raspopin Evgeniy , Cherepanova Yana 
Published: March 2023

The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for studying the socio-psychological climate in teams of students of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Theoretical grounds for the methodology were the ideas that the main structural elements that make up the socio-psychological climate in teams of students are: features of the organisation of educational and professional activities; features of the daily living, material and sanitary conditions in an educational organisation; nature of the relationship between students and teachers, students and officers, students’ relationships with each other; emotional and physical well-being of students; features of the organisation of extracurricular (scientific, sports and creative) activities; opportunities for meeting existential needs (in self-actualisation, self-development, etc.).
These factors form the basis of the scales of the methodology being developed. The methodology also contains an overall scale that reflects the integral level of socio-psychological climate in a team.
The points in the methodology are represented with statements and questions, asking respondents to answer them in a dichotomous way. Open-ended questions are also included to collect additional information. The processing of the results is limited to calculating the percentages of interviewees satisfied with the various aspects of the socio-psychological climate represented in separate scales of the methodology. On the basis of these data, a conclusion about the level of socio-psychological climate in the team is made. The climate can be satisfactory, unstable or unsatisfactory.
The methodology is characterised by satisfactory values of discriminativeness, internal consistency reliability, construct validity and criterion validity. The procedure for collecting and processing the results is standardised.
Filozofia życia Lina Yutanga
Authors: Filipczuk Magdalena 
Published: March 2023

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie – z perspektywy filozoficznej – pewnej interpretacji pism Lina Yutanga (1895–1976), chińskiego pisarza, myśliciela, tłumacza, lingwisty i wynalazcy. Lin Yutang był przede wszystkim dwujęzycznym autorem i myślicielem, wychowanym i wykształconym w dwóch obszarach kulturowych, a mianowicie w kręgu tradycji chińskiej oraz w chrześcijańskim obszarze świata anglojęzycznego. Jego wielka erudycja i talenty intelektualne sprawiły, że mógł on stać się – w sensie metaforycznym i tym zupełnie dosłownym – pośrednikiem między tradycją chińską oraz dwudziestowieczną cywilizacją Zachodu. W ciągu swojego długiego życia Lin opublikował ponad sześćdziesiąt książek. Czterdzieści z nich ukazało się w przekładach angielskich – i tylko sześć stanowiły powieści. Lista niebeletrystycznych prac Lina jest znacznie dłuższa i obejmuje m.in. krótkie i długie eseje, monografie poświęcone chińskim mędrcom takim jak Konfucjusz, Laozi czy Zhuangazi, a także przekłady i antologie z tłumaczeniami ich dzieł. Szczególną popularność przyniosło Linowi kilka książek beletrystycznych, niezwykle wysoko ocenionych przez krytykę, popularność zyskał Lin również dzięki swym próbom częściowego przeszczepienia kultury chińskiej na grunt zachodni. Po opublikowaniu My Country My People (1935) oraz The Importance of Living (1937) Lin osiągnął wielką sławę jako „filozof chiński”, jednak jego własna myśl filozoficzna, rozproszona w wielu tekstach, rzadko bywała przedmiotem zainteresowania uczonych.
Florian Zebrzydowski i jego dobra w Radoczy w księstwie zatorskim
Authors: Graff Tomasz 
Published: March 2023

Artykuł ukazuje problematykę rozwoju majątku Floriana Zebrzydowskiego h. Radwan (zm. 1566), jednego z najbardziej zaufanych dworzan, wojskowych i urzędników Zygmunta Augusta. Stosując metodę indukcyjną, zwrócono uwagę na niemal nieznane dotychczas w historiografii wejście przez Zebrzydowskiego w posiadanie majątku we wsi Radocza k. Wadowic w księstwie zatorskim. Jako współwłaściciel tej wsi Zebrzydowski procesował się w latach 1549–1550 z Jakubem Frydrychowskim. Z kolei dokumentem z 1551 roku król nadał Zebrzydowskiemu przywilej budowania tamy/ fosy na rz. Skawie w celu doprowadzania wody do majątku w Radoczy, co było niezbędne m.in. do zbudowania stawów rybnych (edycja wraz z tłumaczeniem w Aneksie). Osiem lat później Florian Zebrzydowski przeprowadził transakcję majątkową dotyczącą Radoczy z Felicją Frydrychowską i jej mężem Stanisławem Milanowskim. Nie udało się jednak ustalić, kiedy dostojnik pozbył się majątku w tej wsi, jednak źródła z okresu ostatnich lat jego życia i kolejnych dziesięcioleci wymieniające właścicieli Radoczy nie wspominają już o Zebrzydowskich. Przy okazji ustaleń dotyczących Radoczy ukazano także przykładowe inne transakcje majątkowe, w których brał udział Zebrzydowski. Studium miało za zadanie zasygnalizować konieczność podjęcia szerszych badań nad rozwojem majątku Floriana Zebrzydowskiego w powiązaniu ze sprawami majątkowymi jego rodziny, szkicując tym samym nowe perspektywy badawcze.
Mikołaj Zebrzydowski starostą generalnym krakowskim (1585–1620)
Authors: Górski Kacper 
Published: March 2023

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych wątków związanych ze sprawowaniem przez Mikołaja Zebrzydowskiego urzędu starosty krakowskiego (1585–1620). Autor skoncentrował się na trzech kwestiach: objęciu starostwa, zaangażowaniu Zebrzydowskiego w sprawowanie wymiaru sprawiedliwości oraz wpływie rokoszu sandomierskiego (1606–1608) na działalność grodu krakowskiego. Główną podstawę źródłową tekstu stanowią krakowskie akta grodzkie, przechowywane w Archiwum Narodowym w Krakowie. Będąc studium przypadku, artykuł bada problem z perspektywy historycznoprawnej, krytycznie analizuje źródła oraz korzysta z metod statystycznych i porównawczych. Dzięki ich wykorzystaniu udało się odtworzyć przebieg czynności, które doprowadziły do objęcia starostwa przez Zebrzydowskiego w 1585 r. Z zestawienia działalności Zebrzydowskiego z Janem Zamoyskim i Gabrielem Tarnowskim wynika, że jego zaangażowanie w sprawowanie wymiaru sprawiedliwości nie było duże, chociaż większe niż poprzednika i następcy. Limitując roki, Zebrzydowski chętnie powoływał się na sprawy prywatne, ale jego następca czynił to jeszcze częściej. Duży wpływ na funkcjonowanie starostwa miał rokosz sandomierski. Sąd nie działał przez ponad trzy i pół roku, urząd przez ponad 17 miesięcy, a kancelaria grodzka przez niecały rok. W sporze o położoną na Wawelu kamienicę starościńską, który stanowi symbol konfliktu Zebrzydowskiego z Zygmuntem III, rację należy przyznać królowi, pełnoprawnemu właścicielowi budynku, chociaż jego postępowanie w tej sprawie zaostrzało napięcie.
Comparative analysis of social media accessibility
Authors: Bocheński Bartosz 
Published: March 2023

The paper assesses the accessibility compliance level of social media websites and their usability in terms of universal design. The study was performed on “reddit” and a social media website created by the author of the article for the express purpose of meeting the WCAG requirements as closely as possible, named “Twittn’t”. The analysis has been performed with the use of a survey study, an automated WAVE tool and an eye-tracker. The research groups consisted of fifteen and twenty people for survey and eye-tracker study respectively. The test results have shown strong correlation between usability of the social media website interface and number of its WCAG errors.
Acoustically induced electric and magnetic polarizations and their sensing applications
Authors: Ikushima Kenji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A measurement technique for detecting acoustically induced polarization is reviewed. Ultrasonic irradiation can generate alternating electric or magnetic polarization in materials via electromechanical or magnetomechanical coupling, respectively, and electromagnetic fields are often emitted to the surrounding environment when materials are acoustically stimulated. The linear response of the acoustically stimulated electromagnetic (ASEM) field is detected by a resonant antenna tuned to the ultrasound frequency. The ASEM response is generated in not only inorganic crystals but also biological tissues such as bones, tendons, and the aortic wall. The response signal is well explained by stress-induced electric polarization, which depends on the crystallinity of fibrous proteins. Ultrasound can temporally modulates the magnetic polarization (magnetization) in ferromagnetic materials, resulting in magnetic imaging and hysteresis measurements via ultrasonic stimulation. Therefore, probing ASEM responses opens possibilities for unique noninvasive sensing in medicine and industry.
Molecular identification and Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from operation hall
Authors: M. Abd Asada Mays , Aziz Mahal Al-amri Nada 
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to determine the P.aeruginosa that causes contamination to operation hall in hospitals by detecting of pathogenisity markers ..Moreover, the virulence factors of predominant species were detected phenotypically by using routine techniques, that responsible for pathogenicity.
Fifteen samples were collected from different sites of operation hall during two months 2022 in AL-Hussein hospital/ karbala City. The identification of P.aeruginosa isolates depended on colonial morphology, microscopic examination and biochemical tests as a primary identification. The final identification was confirm by PCR technique from different sites .The results obtained by the PCR tests were twenty two isolates of P.aeruginosa were detected , which distributed into :(9) earth, (8) wall, and (10) beds.
The study investigated the virulence factors of P.aeruginosa, which had the ability to produce capsule, biofilm , adhesion ,protease, bacteriocin ,haemolysin and β-lactamase and gelatinase .
The results revealed variation in the resistance of bacteria to some antibiotics,..P.aeruginosa exhibited high resistance (96%) to Cefotaxime, but absolute susceptibility to Ciproflaxacin and Gentamycin and high susceptibility to Amikacin.Ceftiaxone,and Azithromycin.