bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition
Authors: Usai Carla , Mateu Lourdes , Brander Christian , Vergara-Alert Júlia , Segalés Joaquim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMore than 40% of individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have experienced persistent or relapsing multi-systemic symptoms months after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has debilitating effects on the daily life of patients and encompasses a broad spectrum of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms including olfactory and gustative impairment, difficulty with concentration and short-term memory, sleep disorders and depression. Animal models have been instrumental to understand acute COVID-19 and validate prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Similarly, studies post-viral clearance in hamsters, mice and nonhuman primates inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 have been useful to unveil some of the aspects of PCC. Transcriptomic alterations in the central nervous system, persistent activation of immune cells and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis seem to have a critical role in the neurological manifestations observed in animal models infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the proinflammatory transcriptomic profile observed in the central nervous system of SARS-CoV-2-inoculated mice partially overlaps with the pathological changes that affect microglia in humans during Alzheimer’s disease and aging, suggesting shared mechanisms between these conditions. None of the currently available animal models fully replicates PCC in humans; therefore, multiple models, together with the fine-tuning of experimental conditions, will probably be needed to understand the mechanisms of PCC neurological symptoms. Moreover, given that the intrinsic characteristics of the new variants of concern and the immunological status of individuals might influence PCC manifestations, more studies are needed to explore the role of these factors and their combinations in PCC, adding further complexity to the design of experimental models.
Evaluating large language models on medical evidence summarization
Authors: Tang Liyan , Sun Zhaoyi , Idnay Betina , Nestor Jordan G. , Soroush Ali , Elias Pierre A. , Xu Ziyang , Ding Ying , Durrett Greg , Rousseau Justin F. , Weng Chunhua , Peng Yifan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable successes in zero- and few-shot performance on various downstream tasks, paving the way for applications in high-stakes domains. In this study, we systematically examine the capabilities and limitations of LLMs, specifically GPT-3.5 and ChatGPT, in performing zero-shot medical evidence summarization across six clinical domains. We conduct both automatic and human evaluations, covering several dimensions of summary quality. Our study demonstrates that automatic metrics often do not strongly correlate with the quality of summaries. Furthermore, informed by our human evaluations, we define a terminology of error types for medical evidence summarization. Our findings reveal that LLMs could be susceptible to generating factually inconsistent summaries and making overly convincing or uncertain statements, leading to potential harm due to misinformation. Moreover, we find that models struggle to identify the salient information and are more error-prone when summarizing over longer textual contexts.
The ABL-MYC axis controls WIPI1-enhanced autophagy in lifespan extension
Authors: Sporbeck Katharina , Haas Maximilian L. , Pastor-Maldonado Carmen J. , Schüssele David S. , Hunter Catherine , Takacs Zsuzsanna , Diogo de Oliveira Ana L. , Franz-Wachtel Mirita , Charsou Chara , Pfisterer Simon G. , Gubas Andrea , Haller Patricia K. , Knorr Roland L. , Kaulich Manuel , Macek Boris , Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa , Simonsen Anne , Proikas-Cezanne Tassula 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman WIPI β-propellers function as PI3P effectors in autophagy, with WIPI4 and WIPI3 being able to link autophagy control by AMPK and TORC1 to the formation of autophagosomes. WIPI1, instead, assists WIPI2 in efficiently recruiting the ATG16L1 complex at the nascent autophagosome, which in turn promotes lipidation of LC3/GABARAP and autophagosome maturation. However, the specific role of WIPI1 and its regulation are unknown. Here, we discovered the ABL-ERK-MYC signalling axis controlling WIPI1. As a result of this signalling, MYC binds to the WIPI1 promoter and represses WIPI1 gene expression. When ABL-ERK-MYC signalling is counteracted, increased WIPI1 gene expression enhances the formation of autophagic membranes capable of migrating through tunnelling nanotubes to neighbouring cells with low autophagic activity. ABL-regulated WIPI1 function is relevant to lifespan control, as ABL deficiency in C. elegans increased gene expression of the WIPI1 orthologue ATG-18 and prolonged lifespan in a manner dependent on ATG-18. We propose that WIPI1 acts as an enhancer of autophagy that is physiologically relevant for regulating the level of autophagic activity over the lifespan.
Intracellular Mg2+ protects mitochondria from oxidative stress in human keratinocytes
Authors: Fujita Keigo , Shindo Yutaka , Katsuta Yuji , Goto Makiko , Hotta Kohji , Oka Kotaro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful for the human body, and exposure to ultraviolet irradiation triggers ROS generation. Previous studies have demonstrated that ROS decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and that Mg2+ protects mitochondria from oxidative stress. Therefore, we visualized the spatio-temporal dynamics of Mg2+ in keratinocytes (a skin component) in response to H2O2 (a type of ROS) and found that it increased cytosolic Mg2+ levels. H2O2-induced responses in both Mg2+ and ATP were larger in keratinocytes derived from adults than in keratinocytes derived from newborns, and inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis enhanced the H2O2-induced Mg2+ response, indicating that a major source of Mg2+ was dissociation from ATP. Simultaneous imaging of Mg2+ and MMP revealed that larger Mg2+ responses corresponded to lower decreases in MMP in response to H2O2. Moreover, Mg2+ supplementation attenuated H2O2-induced cell death. These suggest the potential of Mg2+ as an active ingredient to protect skin from oxidative stress.
Fanconi anemia associated protein 20 (FAAP20) plays an essential role in homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Palovcak Anna , Yuan Fenghua , Verdun Ramiro , Luo Liang , Zhang Yanbin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFAAP20 is a Fanconi anemia (FA) protein that associates with the FA core complex to promote FANCD2/FANCI monoubiquitination and activate the damage response to interstrand crosslink damage. Here, we report that FAAP20 has a marked role in homologous recombination at a DNA double-strand break not associated with an ICL and separable from its binding partner FANCA. While FAAP20’s role in homologous recombination is not dependent on FANCA, we found that FAAP20 stimulates FANCA’s biochemical activity in vitro and participates in the single-strand annealing pathway of double-strand break repair in a FANCA-dependent manner. This indicates that FAAP20 has roles in several homology-directed repair pathways. Like other homology-directed repair factors, FAAP20 loss causes a reduction in nuclear RAD51 Irradiation-induced foci; and sensitizes cancer cells to ionizing radiation and PARP inhibition. In summary, FAAP20 participates in DNA double strand break repair by supporting homologous recombination in a non-redundant manner to FANCA, and single-strand annealing repair via FANCA-mediated strand annealing activity.
Direct electrophilic and radical isoperfluoropropylation with i-C3F7-Iodine(III) reagent (PFPI reagent)
Authors: Wu Yaxing , Jiang Yunchen , Wang Fei , Wang Bin , Chen Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe isoperfluoropropyl group (i-C3F7) is an emerging motif in pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals and functional materials. However, isoperfluoropropylated compounds remain largely underexplored, presumably due to the lack of efficient access to these compounds. Herein, we disclose the practical and efficient isoperfluoropropylation of aromatic C-H bonds through the invention of a hypervalent-iodine-based reagent-PFPI reagent, that proceeds via a Ag-X coupling process. The activation of the PFPI reagent without any catalysts or additives was demonstrated in the synthesis of isoperfluoropropylated electron-rich heterocycles, while its activity under photoredox catalysis was shown in the synthesis of isoperfluoropropylated non-activated arenes. Detailed mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations revealed a SET-induced concerted mechanistic pathway in the photoredox reactions. In addition, the unique conformation of i-C3F7 in products, that involved intramolecular hydrogen bond was investigated by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and variable-temperature NMR experiments.
Importance of isothermal titration calorimetry for the detection of the direct binding of metal ions to mismatched base pairs in duplex DNA
Authors: Torigoe Hidetaka , Arakawa Fumihiro 
Published: August 2023

UV melting showed melting temperature (Tm) increase of duplex DNA with C–A, C–C and C–T mismatches on Ag+ addition. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed Ag+ binding to only C–C mismatch. UV melting cannot detect direct metal ion-mismatch binding.
Tracing obscured galaxy build-up at high redshift using deep radio surveys
Authors: Amarantidis Stergios , Afonso Jose , Matute Israel , Farrah Duncan , Hopkins Andrew , Messias Hugo , Pappalardo Ciro , Seymour Nick 
Published: August 2023

Context. A fundamental question of extra-galactic astronomy that is yet to be fully understood, concerns the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) and supermassive black hole (SMBH) activity with cosmic time, as well as their interplay and how it impacts galaxy evolution. A primary focus that could shed more light on these questions is the study of merging systems, comprising highly star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) at the earliest stages of galactic formation. However, considering the challenges associated with identifying these objects, it is essential to explore complementary selection methods across multiple wavelengths.
Aims. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of a sample of high-redshift (z > 3) far-infrared (far-IR) and radio-emitting galaxies in the highest possible spatial resolution. The aim is to study the properties of this population, such as their morphological characteristics, and to explore the interplay of SFR and SMBH activity at this epoch.
Methods. In order to select the galactic population of our interest, we employed two selection criteria that have frequently been used as separate methods in the literature. In more detail, we selected galaxies that present relatively compact radio morphologies at 1.4 GHz (i.e., an angular size smaller than 10 arcsec) as well as a far-IR spectrum that peaks in flux at λ ≥ 350 μm (i.e., flux350 μm > flux250 μm). For these selection criteria, we used the COSMOS and ECDF-S fields, two of the most extensively observed astronomical fields currently available, which provide high spectral and spatial resolution at a multi-wavelength scale. By accepting only galaxies that satisfied these selection criteria, we derived a sample of eight galaxies that were identified either photometrically or spectroscopically at z > 3 from literature studies and by our team.
Results. A thorough investigation of available optical, near-IR, and millimetre (mm) imaging reveals a possible merging scenario in five out of eight cases in our sample. Additionally, available multi-wavelength photometry strongly suggests active star formation at the 103 M⊙ yr−1 level in massive systems (stellar masses of M⋆ ∼ 1011 M⊙) co-hosting an active SMBH.
Conclusions. Comparison of these results with previous studies, suggests that our selection method preferentially identifies galaxies hosting an active SMBH, as well as a strong SFG component, resulting in high SFR and IR luminosity. An additional examination of the efficacy of the radio and far-IR selection criteria provides further support for their combined application in selecting co-evolving AGN and star formation activity at high redshift. In this regard, future use of these selection criteria on radio and far-IR/mm observations of statistically larger galaxy samples is of high interest.
YARARA V2: Reaching sub-m s−1 precision over a decade using PCA on line-by-line radial velocities
Authors: Cretignier M. , Dumusque X. , Aigrain S. , Pepe F. 
Published: August 2023

Context. The detection of Earth-like planets with the radial velocity (RV) method is extremely challenging today due to the presence of non-Doppler signatures such as stellar activity and instrumental signals that mimic and hide the signals of exoplanets. In a previous paper, we presented the YARARA pipeline, which implements corrections for telluric absorption, stellar activity, and instrumental systematics at the spectral level, and then it extracts line-by-line (LBL) RVs with a significantly better precision than standard pipelines.
Aims. In this paper, we demonstrate that further gains in RV precision can be achieved by performing principal component analysis (PCA) decomposition on the LBL RVs.
Methods. The mean-insensitive nature of PCA means that it is unaffected by true Doppler shifts, and thus can be used to isolate and correct nuisance signals other than planets.
Results. We analysed the data of 20 intensively observed HARPS targets by applying our PCA approach on the LBL RVs obtained by YARARA. The first principal components show similarities across most of the stars and correspond to newly identified instrumental systematics for which we can now correct. For several targets, this results in an unprecedented RV root-mean-square of around 90 cm s−1 over the full lifetime of HARPS. We used the corrected RVs to confirm a previously published 120-day signal around 61 Vir, and to detect a super-Earth candidate (K ~ 60 ± 6 cm s−1, m sin i = 6.6 ± 0.7 M⊕) around the G6V star HD 20794, which spends part of its 600-day orbit within the habitable zone of the host star.
Conclusions. This study highlights the potential of LBL PCA to identify and correct hitherto unknown, long-term instrumental effects and thereby extend the sensitivity of existing and future instruments towards the Earth analogue regime.
Comparison of Two Colloid Constituents in Prime Solutions and the Effect on Blood Loss Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Kerins Paul J. , Vertrees Roger A. , Finn Karen A. , Cilley Jonathan H. , DelRossi Anthony J. 
Published: August 2023

A retrospective study was conducted on a population of 24 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This population is divisible into two groups that differ in prime constituents. Group A used 500cc of 6% Hydroxyethyl starch (Hespan) as the colloid, and Group B used 150cc of 25% albumin. No statistically significant differences were found in the preoperative demographics. All of these cases were done using the same perfusion technique and equipment. Intraoperative values displayed levels of significant difference (p <.05) between the two groups with respect to 1) bypass platelet count; and 2) greater usage of protamine in Group A.
Group A Hespan = Platelet count x 1000/ml was 99.90+/-32.4, Blood loss (cc's) was 1033.3+/-305.5, Protamine:Heparin ratio was 1.41:1.0 +/- .37
Group B Albumin = Platelet count x 1000/ml was 153.84 +/- 34.17; Blood loss was 929.6+/- 105.4; Protamine:Heparin ratio was 1.01:1.0 +/- .43
In the postoperative phase which ended when the chest tube was removed, levels of significant difference were as follows:
Group A Hespan = Platelet Ct.#2 x 1000/ml was 124.87 +/- 30.62, Blood loss (cc's) was 1390.25 +/- 405.78, PPF Admin. ratio was 1417 +/- 506.32.
Group B Albumin= Platelet count x 1000 ml was 159.71 +/- 41.22; Blood loss= 1087.0 +/- 385.72, PPF Admin. ratio was 875 +/- 291.94.
From this study it seems as though there are two factors contributing to the increased blood loss seen in Group A that may result from Hespan usage - the intraoperative and postoperative decreased platelet count and the increased amount of protamine used. Furthermore, Group A patients required substantially more PPF postoperatively.
The Effect of Gas Scavenging on Hollow Fiber Membrane Oxygenator Performance
Authors: Jerabek Charles F. , Walton Howard G. , Doerfler Sally 
Published: August 2023

During a routine cardiopulmonary bypass a patient's blood gases did not respond in the expected manner. After detailed review it was determined that the gas scavenging system was affecting the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator's performance, even though it was set up according to manufacturer's recommendations. Using a closed oxygenator-deoxygenator system primed with recently outdated human blood, the hypothesis that changing gas scavenging suction levels affected oxygenator performance was tested. Pump speed, venous blood gas levels, temperature, hemoglobin, FIO2 and sweep gas rate were all kept constant. The results showed that as suction levels increased, oxygenation capacity decreased according to the formula:
Suction(mm.Hg)=5130 * .98^ (Art. PO2 - Venous PO2) [R=-1].
However, ventilation capacity increased following the equation:
Suction(mm.Hg)=-945.26 + 65.67*(Venous PCO2-Art. PCO2) [R=.78].
Sweep gas flow rate was 2.5 liters/minute and FIO2 was 50%. Results were comparable when a different FI02 was used as a baseline. The conclusion was that gas scavenging suction predictably affects hollow fiber membrane oxygenator performance and can be used as an adjunct in blood gas management. However, if a perfusionist wishes to minimize the effects of gas scavenging, then a regulated low pressure vacuum source must be used.
The Course of D-dimers as Fibrinolytic Products Generated During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Moretz Tim L. , Riley Jeff B. , Jeter Elaine K. , Sutton Robin G. , Bishop David G. , Kratz John M. , Crawford Fred A. 
Published: August 2023

D-dimers are the expressed degradation products of the lysis of fibrin. Fibrin monomers may normally occur during routine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); therefore, fibrinolysis could play a protective role. Serum D-dimer levels were observed at six events associated with routine CPB. An expected patient D-dimer level while heparinized would be <0.5 ug/ml showing that fibrin is not being formed.
The majority of elevated D-dimer levels came at the termination of CPB when only one of twenty patients investigated showed a minimal DD level of <0.5. The other patients ranged from 0.5 to >8.0 ug/ml at termination of CPB.

Event
ACT
DD Level

Baseline
123+/-15
1.0+/-1.1

Post Sternotomy

1.6+/-1.9

5 min on CPB
497+/-95
1.6+/-2.3

Terminate CPB
432+/-84
5.1+/-2.8

Post Protamine
116+/-11
5.1+/-2.8

1 Hr. Post Op

4.9+/-3.0

ACT = mean activated clotting time +/- 1SD

The last three event D-dimer levels were significantly greater than the D-dimer from the first three events (p<0.01) demonstrating that fibrinolysis may be a normal occurrence during CPB. The weak correlation in the rise in D-dimers during CPB versus the minimal CPB ACT data (n=20, r=.114) although not statistically significant, suggests that ACTs should be maintained above 480 seconds throughout CPB to minimize fibrin formation and therefore minimize fibrinolysis.
Heparin Coated Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuits in Coronary Artery Surgery - A Clinical Study
Authors: Borowiec J. , Thelin S. , Bagge L. , van der Linden J. , Thorno E. , Hansson H.E. 
Published: August 2023

Cardiopulmonary bypass with systemic heparinization causes trauma to blood cells and coagulation defects. Artificial surfaces could be coated by end-linkage binding of heparin (Carmeda Bioactive Surface CBAS™). The use of such surfaces during cardiopulmonary bypass in animals resulted in less postoperative blood loss and better preservation of blood cells. Heparin-coated circuits were employed during coronary artery grafting in seven patients (Group C). Concomitantly, the heparin dose was reduced by 25% and an ACT of 300 sec was accepted. An additional seven patients were operated with non-coated circuits (Group NC), requiring an ACT above 400 sec with normal doses of heparin. There was no thrombo-embolic complications in Group C. The postoperative bleeding was generally low and without significant intergroup differences. Coagulation parameters displayed a significantly lower ACT and anti-Factor Xa during bypass in Group 1C. A tendency towards less blood cell trauma was observed with heparin-coated circuits, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. The protamine dose could be reduced by 50%, which significantly reduced the protamine/heparin quotient.
This study indicates that routine cardiopulmonary bypass could safely be performed with heparin-coated circuits and reduced intravenous doses of heparin and protamine. It is suggested that the use of heparin-coated circuits may lead to less blood cell trauma.
Paradigmenwechsel in der Tumorchirurgie der Wirbelsäule – von der Radiofrequenzablation und Kypho-IORT zu Separation Surgery und MIS-Instrumentation. Wo stehen wir? Therapiealgorithmus und Evidenz
Authors: Dally Franz-Joseph , Bludau Frederic 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie deutliche Mehrheit aller spinalen Tumore stellen die spinalen Metastasen (ca. 90%)
dar. Bekanntermaßen finden sich hier überwiegend Absiedlungen von Adenokarzinomen der Mamma,
der Prostata, der Lunge und des gastrointestinalen Trakts. Dank zielgerichteter und neuartiger
Therapien nicht nur dieser Entitäten, zeigt sich das Überleben in den letzten Jahren deutlich
verbessert. Die Entscheidungskriterien zur operativen Therapieplanung bilden der neurologische
Status des Patienten, die onkologischen Eigenschaften der Metastase, die mechanische
Stabilität der metastasierten Wirbelsäule und der Fortschritt der systemischen Krebserkrankung
sowie der Komorbiditäten des Patienten, ausgedrückt als Karnofski Performance Index (KPI) oder
des Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Aus diesem Gesamtbild kann ein Therapiealgorithmus
basierend auf etablierten Scores festgelegt werden, der zur Entscheidungsfindung herangezogen
werden kann und unten aufgeführt ist.Die Schmerztherapie bildet dabei die Hauptsäule in der Therapie von Patienten mit spinalen
Metastasen. Eine weitere Säule ist die lokale Tumorkontrolle welche durch stereotaktische
Bestrahlung, „stereotactic body radiotherapy“ (SBRT) , oder durch stereotaktische
Radiochirurgie, „stereotactic radiosurgery“ (SRS), wesentlich verbessert werden kann. Sind
Metastasen auf den Wirbelkörper begrenzt und Schmerz- sowie lokale Tumorkontrolle das
Therapieziel, so ist eine kombinierte perkutane Intervention basierend auf der
Zementaugmentation und intra-operativer Bestrahlung zu erwägen.Die Implementation der MIS-Instrumentation, gefolgt von spinaler SRS/SBRT in die
Tumorchirurgie der Wirbelsäule, scheint bei Metastasen mit Rückenmarkskompression eine
sinnvolle und wahrscheinlich überlegene Alternative zu den bisherigen Eingriffen und
Operationsmethoden darzustellen. Die steigende Komplexität der Entscheidungsfindung und
Therapie von Patienten mit Wirbelsäulenmetastasen sollte in Zentren mit ausreichender
Expertise, Fallzahlen und angeschlossener Strahlentherapie mit der Möglichkeit einer SBRT/SRS
am besten im Rahmen einer Tumorkonferenz erfolgen.