bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA‐Methyltransferasen und AdoMet‐Analoga als Werkzeuge für die Molekularbiologie und Biotechnologie
Authors: Cornelissen Nicolas V. , Hoffmann Arne , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDNA‐Methyltransferasen waren lange Zeit vor allem für die molekularbiologische Grundlagenforschung interessant, da sie sowohl in Pro‐ als auch in Eukaryoten wichtige Prozesse regulieren. Seit der Entwicklung von synthetischen Analoga des Cofaktors S‐Adenosyl‐L‐methionin, ist es möglich, nicht nur Methylgruppen, sondern auch zahlreiche funktionelle Gruppen sequenzspezifisch auf DNA zu übertragen. Einige DNA‐Methyltransferasen weisen aufgrund ihrer Struktur eine bemerkenswerte Promiskuität bezüglich des Cofaktors auf, so dass die Markierung von DNA mit guter Effizienz gelingen kann. In diesem Übersichtsartikel stellen wir die wichtigen Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich zusammen und diskutieren interessante aktuelle und potentielle Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Molekularbiologie und Biotechnologie.
Wall Layer Formation in Continuously Operated Tubular Reactors for Free‐Radical Polymerizations
Authors: Welzel Stefan , Zander Christian , Nieken Ulrich 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolymer fouling is a major problem for the operation of continuous reactors. Therefore, it is important to understand and quantitatively describe the mechanisms leading to formation of fouling deposits. In this work, a CFD model for the radical polymerization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone is presented, where the reaction kinetics, a viscosity model, and a transport model for polymer moments are determined from independent experiments. The model is compared to experimental obtained residence time distributions in capillary reactors over a wide range of concentrations. Model predictions are in good agreement with experimental findings.
TET2 and LILRB1 mutations are frequent in Epstein–Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma especially in elderly patients
Authors: Cho Junhun , Kim Eojin , Yoon Sang Eun , Kim Seok Jin , Kim Won Seog 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) harboring Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) primarily occurs in patients who have underlying immunodeficiency or in elderly patients but is also reported in young, immunocompetent patients. The authors investigated the pathologic differences in EBV‐positive DLBCL in these three groups of patients.MethodsIn total, 57 patients with EBV‐positive DLBCL were included in the study; of these, 16 patients had associated immunodeficiency, 10 were young (younger than 50 years), and 31 were elderly (aged 50 years or older). Immunostaining for CD8, CD68, PD‐L1, and EBV nuclear antigen 2, and panel‐based next‐generation sequencing was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded blocks.ResultsImmunohistochemistry revealed EBV nuclear antigen 2 positivity in 21 of the 49 patients. The degree of CD8‐positive and CD68‐positive immune cell infiltration and PD‐L1 expression did not differ significantly in each group. Extranodal site involvement was more common in young patients (p = .021). In mutational analysis, the genes with the highest mutation frequency were PCLO (n = 14), TET2 (n = 10), and LILRB1 (n = 10). For the TET2 gene, all 10 mutations were found in elderly patients (p = .007). Compared with a validation cohort, both TET2 and LILRB1 showed a higher mutation frequency in EBV‐positive patients than in EBV‐negative patients.ConclusionsEBV‐positive DLBCL occurring in three different age and immune status groups showed similar pathologic characteristics. Notably, a high frequency of TET2 and LILRB1 mutations was characteristic of this disease in elderly patients. Further studies are needed to determine the role of TET2 and LILRB1 mutations in the development of EBV‐positive DLBCL along with immune senescence.Plain Language Summary

Epstein–Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma occurring in three different groups (immunodeficiency‐associated, young, and elderly) showed similar pathologic characteristics.

The frequency of TET2 and LILRB1 mutations was high in elderly patients with Epstein–Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.
Historic trends and sources of year‐over‐year stability in Montana winter wheat yields
Authors: Lachowiec Jennifer , Berg James E. , Liang Meng , Correr Fernando H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProducers desire cultivars that consistently perform with high yields and end‐use qualities. Unlike easily recognized average yield improvements, yield stability over time is less examined, especially when considering the role of breeding relative to other factors like management and changing climatic conditions. Our study system was a 70‐year historical dataset from which we estimated the year‐over‐year stability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released by Montana's Agricultural Experimental Station. We examined yield stability within six locations representing diverse growing conditions across Montana and found no evidence that breeding has improved stability, that stability may be decreasing over time at one location, and that the year‐over‐year stability of a cultivar is sensitive to location. We examined the role of climatic conditions, including temperature, and rainfall to understand if increased climatic variability was masking improved patterns of stability. However, the lack of impact of breeding remained. These findings suggest that Montana's winter wheat may benefit from selective breeding for increased stability within locations.
From rivers to ocean basins: The role of ocean barriers and philopatry in the genetic structuring of a cosmopolitan coastal predator
Authors: Devloo‐Delva Floriaan , Burridge Christopher P. , Kyne Peter M. , Brunnschweiler Juerg M. , Chapman Demian D. , Charvet Patricia , Chen Xiao , Cliff Geremy , Daly Ryan , Drymon J. Marcus , Espinoza Mario , Fernando Daniel , Barcia Laura Garcia , Glaus Kerstin , González‐Garza Blanca I. , Grant Michael I. , Gunasekera Rasanthi M. , Hernandez Sebastian , Hyodo Susumu , Jabado Rima W. , Jaquemet Sébastien , Johnson Grant , Ketchum James T. , Magalon Hélène , Marthick James R. , Mollen Frederik H. , Mona Stefano , Naylor Gavin J. P. , Nevill John E. G. , Phillips Nicole M. , Pillans Richard D. , Postaire Bautisse D. , Smoothey Amy F. , Tachihara Katsunori , Tillet Bree J. , Valerio‐Vargas Jorge A. , Feutry Pierre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas) faces varying levels of exploitation around the world due to its coastal distribution. Information regarding population connectivity is crucial to evaluate its conservation status and local fishing impacts. In this study, we sampled 922 putative Bull Sharks from 19 locations in the first global assessment of population structure of this cosmopolitan species. Using a recently developed DNA‐capture approach (DArTcap), samples were genotyped for 3400 nuclear markers. Additionally, full mitochondrial genomes of 384 Indo‐Pacific samples were sequenced. Reproductive isolation was found between and across ocean basins (eastern Pacific, western Atlantic, eastern Atlantic, Indo‐West Pacific) with distinct island populations in Japan and Fiji. Bull Sharks appear to maintain gene flow using shallow coastal waters as dispersal corridors, whereas large oceanic distances and historical land‐bridges act as barriers. Females tend to return to the same area for reproduction, making them more susceptible to local threats and an important focus for management actions. Given these behaviors, the exploitation of Bull Sharks from insular populations, such as Japan and Fiji, may instigate local decline that cannot readily be replenished by immigration, which can in turn affect ecosystem dynamics and functions. These data also supported the development of a genetic panel to ascertain the population of origin, which will be useful in monitoring the trade of fisheries products and assessing population‐level impacts of this harvest.
Movement ecology of exotic nilgai antelope: A threat to the re‐emergence of cattle fever ticks in the southern USA
Authors: Sliwa Kathryn M. , Baumgardt Jeremy A. , DeYoung Randy W. , Ortega‐S J. Alfonso , Hewitt David G. , Goolsby John A. , Lohmeyer Kimberly H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWildlife plays an important role in the emergence of livestock diseases, and their movements can complicate disease management efforts. One of the most significant vector‐borne diseases of livestock worldwide is bovine babesiosis, spread by cattle fever ticks (CFTs; Rhipicephalus [=Boophilus] microplus and Rhipicephalus [=Boophilus] annulatus). Although CFTs were eradicated from the United States by 1943, bovine babesiosis and CFTs are prevalent in México. Recently, management of CFTs in the Texas–México region has been complicated by the presence of free‐ranging, exotic nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus). Nilgai are abundant in this region and are competent hosts for CFTs. The goal of this study was to better understand nilgai movements and space use to inform CFT treatment strategies. We analyzed hourly locations from 40 GPS‐collared nilgai in Cameron County, TX, USA, from April 2019 to September 2020. We assigned each nilgai a movement behavior using the net squared displacement metric. We estimated nilgai home range sizes at different temporal scales (monthly, seasonally, and overall) using Brownian bridge movement models. We observed movement patterns consistent with residency (52.5%), seasonal movers (17.5%), dispersal (5%), and unclassified (25%). Resident nilgai had an average maximum axial distance of 7.8 km, while two young females made separate dispersal movements of about 40 km within a year. Overall, nilgai had large and highly variable home ranges: annual median home range estimate for females was 563 ha (range = 105–1545 ha), and for males, it was 937 ha (range = 221–1602 ha). Peak nilgai movements occurred during crepuscular hours, and median hourly movement for females was 57 m/h, and for males, it was 66 m/h. Nilgai home ranges and long‐distance movements have the potential to overlap multiple ranches, as the typical ranch size in South Texas ranges from 250 to 6000 ha. Resident nilgai were more likely to maintain local infestations of CFT. Dispersal events took place during peak tick season, demonstrating the potential for nilgai to aid in the spread of CFT. Understanding these behaviors will help the CFT Eradication Program develop more efficacious treatment strategies to treat infestations in nilgai.
Plant‐derived peptides for the improvement of Alzheimer's disease: Production, functions, and mechanisms
Authors: Lin Like , Li Cong , Li Tingting , Zheng Jingyi , Shu Yu , Zhang Jingjing , Shen Yehua , Ren Difeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with an insidious onset that seriously affects human health. Plant‐derived peptides have been found to hinder the development of AD pathologies, which is an excellent candidate for preventing AD. However, due to the excessively complicated pathogenesis of AD and the fact that most studies on the activity of plant‐derived peptides are single and not deep enough, which restricted the development and application of plant‐derived AD‐prevention peptides (PADPs). This review summarized the currently available means of obtaining PADPs, in vitro and in vivo AD‐prevention activity validation protocols, molecular pathways of PADPs, the structure–activity relationship between plant‐derived peptides and AD‐prevention activity, and some perspectives of current advanced technologies. This paper will help to develop the foundation for the production and exploitation of PADPs.
An unrestricted MIDAS ordered logit model with applications to credit ratings
Authors: Jiang Cuixia , Zhao Tingting , Xu Qifa , Hu Dan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ordered logit (OLogit) model is a regression model for an ordinal dependent variable. For a conventional time series OLogit model, both the dependent variable and the independent variables are required to be observed at the same frequency. However, this requirement is violated under the circumstance of mixed frequency data. To this end, we introduce the unrestricted MIDAS (U‐MIDAS) method into the OLogit model and develop a novel U‐MIDAS‐OLogit model, in which high‐frequency covariates are used to predict a low‐frequency outcome with ordinal categories. The U‐MIDAS‐OLogit model enlarges the application of OLogit and enables to produce timely forecast. To verify its effectiveness, we conduct extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results show that the U‐MIDAS‐OLogit model is superior to several typical OLogit models in terms of prediction performance. We then apply the U‐MIDAS‐OLogit model to predict credit ratings of listed companies in China and the US, respectively. The empirical results also confirm its promising in practical applications.
Longitudinal changes in pelvic organ support among primiparas with postpartum pelvic organ prolapse: A follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Zhao Yujiao , Zhang Cheng , Cui Can , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhao Qian , Shen Wen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify morphological changes of pelvic floor in primiparas with postpartum pelvic organ prolapse (POP) during the early postpartum period.MethodsA total of 309 primiparas underwent pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 6 weeks postpartum. Those primiparas diagnosed with postpartum POP by MRI criterion were followed up at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Normal primiparas were enrolled in the control group. The puborectal hiatus line, muscular pelvic floor relaxation line, levator hiatus area, iliococcygeus angle, levator plate angle, uterus‐pubococcygeal line, and bladder‐pubococcygeal line were assessed on MRI. Longitudinal changes in pelvic floor measurements between the two groups were compared by repeated‐measures analysis of variance.ResultsCompared with the control group, enlarged puborectal hiatus line, levator hiatus area, and RICA and decreased uterus‐pubococcygeal line were observed at rest in the POP group (all P < 0.05). All of the pelvic floor measurements were significantly different in the POP group compared with the control group at the maximum Valsalva maneuver (all P < 0.05). All of the pelvic floor measurements showed no significant change over time in both the POP and control groups (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsPostpartum POP accompanied by poor pelvic floor support will persist in the early postpartum period.
The effect of family support on self‐reported adherence to ART among adolescents perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda: A mediation analysis
Authors: Nabunya Proscovia , Samuel Kizito , Ssewamala Fred M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined the mechanisms through which family support affects self‐reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda.MethodsLongitudinal data from 702 adolescent boys and girls (10−16 years) were analyzed. Structural equation models were conducted to assess the direct, indirect, and total effects of family support on adherence.ResultsResults showed a significant indirect effect of family support on adherence (β = .112, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.052–0.173, p < .001). Specific indirect effects of family support through saving attitudes (β = .058, 95% CI: 0.008–0.108, p = .024), and communication with the guardian (β = .056, 95% CI: 0.012–0.100), p = .013), as well as the total effect of family support on adherence (β = .146 (95% CI: 0.032–0.259, p = .012), were statistically significant. Mediation contributed 76.7% of the total effects.ConclusionFindings support strategies to help promote family support and strengthen open communication between adolescents living with HIV and their caregivers.
On event studies and distributed‐lags in two‐way fixed effects models: Identification, equivalence, and generalization
Authors: Schmidheiny Kurt , Siegloch Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

SummaryWe discuss three important properties of panel data event study designs. First, assuming constant treatment effects before and/or after some event time, also known as binning, is a natural restriction, which identifies dynamic treatment effects in the absence of never‐treated units. Second, event study designs with binned endpoints and distributed‐lag models are numerically identical. Third, classic dummy variable event study designs can be generalized to models that account for multiple treatments of different signs and varying intensities. We demonstrate the practical relevance of our methodological points in an application studying the effects of unemployment benefit duration on job search effort.
Evaluation of basic characteristics of 3‐mm dose equivalent measuring instrument for evaluating lens exposure dose in radiotherapy
Authors: Mori Yutaro , Isobe Tomonori , Takei Hideyuki , Miyazaki Shohei , Kamizawa Satoshi , Tomita Tetsuya , Kobayashi Daisuke , Sakurai Hideyuki , Sakae Takeji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite the development of DOSIRIS™, an eye lens dosimeter, the characteristics of DOSIRIS™ in the area of radiotherapy have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the basic characteristics of the 3‐mm dose equivalent measuring instrument DOSIRIS™ in radiotherapy.MethodsDose linearity and energy dependence were evaluated for the irradiation system based on the calibration method of the monitor dosimeter. The angle dependence was measured by irradiating from a total of 18 directions. Interdevice variation was repeated three times by simultaneously irradiating five dosimeters. The measurement accuracy was based on the absorbed dose measured by the monitor dosimeter of the radiotherapy equipment. Absorbed doses were converted to 3‐mm dose equivalents and compared with DOSIRIS™ measurements.ResultsDose linearity was evaluated using the determination coefficient (R2) R2 = 0.9998 and 0.9996 at 6 and 10 MV, respectively. For energy dependence, although the therapeutic photons evaluated in this study had higher energies than in the previous studies and had a continuous spectrum, the response was equivalent to 0.2–1.25 MeV, well below the IEC 62387 limits. The maximum error at all angles was 15% (angle of 140°) and the coefficient of variation at all angles was 4.70%, which satisfies the standard of the thermoluminescent dosimeter measuring instrument. Accuracy of measurement was determined in terms of the measurement errors for DOSIRIS™ (3.2% and 4.3% at 6 and 10 MV, respectively,) using the 3‐mm dose equivalent obtained from the theoretical value as a reference. The DOSIRIS™ measurements met the IEC standard which defines the measurement error of ±30% of the irradiance value in IEC 62387.ConclusionsWe found that the characteristics of the 3‐mm dose equivalent dosimeter in a high‐energy radiation satisfy the IEC standards and have the same measurement accuracy as diagnostic areas such as Interventional Radiology.
Formulated chitosan‐sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles for co‐encapsulation of ellagic acid and anti‐inflammatory peptide: characterization, stability and anti‐inflammatory activity
Authors: Xiong Yu , Feng Yan‐Xia , Chang Min , Wang Qian , Yin Sheng‐Nan , Jian Liu‐Yu , Ren Di‐Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDChitosan (CS) and tripolyphosphate (TPP) can be combined in the development of a material with synergistic properties and promising potential for the conservation of food products. In this study, ellagic acid (EA) and anti‐inflammatory peptide (FPL)‐loaded CS nanoparticles (FPL/EA NPs) were prepared using the ionic gelation method and optimal preparation conditions were obtained through a single factor design.RESULTSThe synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanoparticles were spherical, with an average size of 308.33 ± 4.61 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.254, a zeta potential of +31.7 ± 0.08 mV, and a high encapsulation capacity (22.16 ± 0.79%). An in vitro release study showed that EA/FPL had a sustainable release from FPL/EA NPs. The stability of the FPL/EA NPs was evaluated for 90 days at 0, 25, and 37 °C. Significant anti‐inflammatory activity of FPL/EA NPs was verified by nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) reduction.CONCLUSIONThese characteristics support the use of CS nanoparticles to encapsulate EA and FPL and improve their bioactivity in food products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantum dots printing paste for display backlights: Preparation, characterization, and applications
Authors: Lin Jianpu , Xie Hongxing , Ye Yun , Guo Tailiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) are one kind of photoluminescent materials with excellent properties, such as adjustable spectrum, narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), and high color gamut. In this paper, a photoluminescent QDs printing paste suitable for light guide dots array applied in the backlight for liquid crystal display (LCD) was presented. The QDs printing paste was first prepared and characterized with different kinds of solvents. Then, triphenyl phosphite (TPP), a kind of antioxygen, was added into the QDs printing paste to improve the stability of the QDs printing paste. Finally, a QDs light guide plate (LGP) was fabricated by screen printing with QDs printing paste added with silicon dioxide (SiO2) light scattering particles. The color gamut of QDs LGP arrived 131.6%NTSC due to light scattering interaction between blue LED, red QDs, green QDs, and SiO2 particles. The results showed that the QDs‐chloroform printing paste had uniform light output and the highest photoluminescent peak intensity. Therefore, the composite screen printing paste has wide application prospects in the backlight of LCD, with the advantages of simple process, high production efficiency, and low cost.
A Competition of Secondary and Primary Nucleation Controls Amyloid Fibril Formation of the Parathyroid Hormone
Authors: Voigt Bruno , Ott Maria , Balbach Jochen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFunctional amyloids belong to an increasing class of non‐toxic biologic material, in contrast to the prominent disease‐related amyloids. Herein, this work reports on the fibril formation of the parathyroid hormone PTH84 as a representative candidate following the same generic principles of primary and secondary nucleation. Employing Thioflavin T monitored kinetics analyses and negative‐staining transmission electron microscopy, an intricate, concentration dependent behavior of time dependent generation and morphologies of PTH84 fibrils are found. While at low peptide concentrations, fibril formation is driven by surface catalyzed secondary nucleation, an increased amount of peptides cause a negative feedback on fibril elongation and secondary nucleation. Moreover, the source of primary nuclei is found to regulate the overall macroscopic fibrillation. As a consequence, the concentration dependent competition of primary versus secondary nucleation pathways is found to dominate the mechanism of fibril generation. This work is able to hypothesize an underlying monomer‐oligomer equilibrium providing high‐order species for primary nucleation and, additionally, negatively affecting the available monomer pool.