bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon and its stability after vegetation restoration in Zoige grassland, eastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Ye Chenyu , Li Lin , Zhao Runying , Luo Xinrui , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Jipeng , Chen Guo , Lei Ningfei , Pei Xiangjun , Tang Xiaolu 
Published: March 2023

Soil organic carbon (SOC) shapes carbon cycling and climate. Grassland degradation has greatly reduced the SOC of these biomes. However, vegetation restoration is effective at improving the SOC of degraded grasslands, the sustainability of the outcomes of which is unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of vegetation restoration on SOC and its stability in perspective of three restoration practices (i.e. Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Elymus nutans Griseb., Avena nuda, and their combinations) in Zoige, a climatically sensitive area located at the eastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Topsoil samples (0–10 cm) were collected within each restoration practice to analyze SOC and its fraction contents, soil aggregates, and aggregate‐associated SOC content. Results showed that SOC in the control (CK) was 2.77 g kg−1, and vegetation restoration increased the SOC contents by 10.12, 73.00, and 15.81%, respectively. Vegetation restoration significantly increased the easily oxidizable carbon (EOC) and decreased recalcitrant organic carbon (ROC), highlighting different responses of SOC fractions to vegetation restoration. Soil macroaggregate was 8.74% in CK, which was significantly lower than that after vegetation restoration (57.08–81.01%). Vegetation restoration had no impact on non‐aggregated silt + clay fraction‐associated SOC and significantly increased macroaggregate‐associated SOC content, which was the major contributor of total SOC. These findings suggest that vegetation restoration may affect SOC stability by increasing SOC and EOC, decreasing ROC, and changing the compositions of aggregates and aggregate‐associated SOC. However, our study was conducted 3 years after vegetation restoration, which maybe too short of a period to accurately determine SOC stability.
Are the good spared? Corporate social responsibility as insurance against cyber security incidents
Authors: Bamiatzi Vassiliki , Dowling Michael , Gogolin Fabian , Kearney Fearghal , Vigne Samuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the increasing consensus that socially responsible behavior can act as insurance against externally induced shocks, supporting evidence remains somewhat inconsistent. Our study provides a clear demonstration of the insurance‐like properties of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in preserving corporate financial performance (CFP), in the event of a data (cyber) breach. Exploring a sample of 230 breached firms, we find that data breaches lead to significantly negative CFP outcomes for low CSR firms, with the dynamic being particularly pronounced in consumer‐sensitive industries. Further, we show that firms increase their CSR activities in the aftermath of a breach to recover lost goodwill and regain stakeholder trust. Overall, our results support the use of CSR as a strategic risk‐mitigation tool that can curtail the consequences of data breaches, particularly for firms operating in consumer‐centric environments.
When and how norm violators gain influence: Dominance, prestige, and the social dynamics of (counter)normative behavior
Authors: van Kleef Gerben A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe capacity to influence other people is key to success across domains of life, from personal to professional relationships, from the school yard to the retirement home, and from marketing to politics. Traditional approaches hold that people can gain influence in social collectives by behaving in line with prevailing norms. However, mounting evidence indicates that defying norms can enhance one's power, status, and influence. Here, I take stock of this literature and propose a new perspective that can explain seemingly inconsistent links between norm violation and influence. After discussing various social mechanisms that keep norm violators in check (negative emotions, gossip, social exclusion, formal punishment), I review evidence that violating norms can enhance the capacity for influence. I then integrate insights from the dominance/prestige framework of social rank with research on social responses to norm violations to develop a new model that illuminates when and how norm violators gain influence. I discuss implications for understanding the dynamic negotiation of leadership and influence and the maintenance versus decline of normative systems.
The dynamic behavior of skin in response to vibrating touch stimuli affects tactile perception
Authors: Sakaguchi Saito , Saito Kaoru , Arakawa Naomi , Konyo Masashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe tactile perceptions arising on the skin mediate representations of the body and perceptions of the external physical world. Thus, these tactile sensations greatly impact our lives. Although tactile perception is caused by skin deformation, few studies have investigated the contribution of skin physical properties to tactile perception because the skin deformation in response to mechanical stimuli is difficult to measure in real time. In this study, we investigated how the skin deforms in response to externally applied mechanical stimuli and the effect of skin deformation on tactile perception.Materials and methodsTactile perception was assessed using psychophysical methods. A suction device was used to measure skin deformation in response to mechanical stimuli while assessing tactile perception. The relationship between skin deformation and tactile perception was investigated.ResultsIndividuals show different skin deformation behavior in response to stimuli of the same intensity, and the amount of skin deformation affects the perceived pressure induced by suction stimulation. Furthermore, when the amount of skin deformation is small, tactile perception becomes more difficult, and the ease of tactile perception varies.ConclusionWe argue that dynamic skin behavior is an important factor in tactile perception. Focusing on skin physical characteristics from a constructivist perspective of complex tactile perception may lead to improved tactile communication perception through the control of skin physical properties and realistic tactile presentation in remote environments.
A quantitative evaluation of the effect of foreign body obstruction and enterectomy technique on canine small intestinal microvascular health
Authors: Mullen Kaitlyn M. , Regier Penny J. , Fox‐Alvarez W. Alexander , Portela Diego , Londoño Leonel , Colee James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate sidestream dark field (SDF) videomicroscopy as an objective measure of intestinal viability and determine the effects of enterectomy techniques on intestinal microvasculature in dogs with foreign body obstructions.Study designProspective, randomized, clinical trial.AnimalsA total of 24 dogs with an intestinal foreign body obstruction and 30 systemically healthy dogs.MethodsAn SDF videomicroscope imaged the microvasculature at the site of the foreign body. Subjectively viable intestine received an enterotomy whereas nonviable intestine received an enterectomy using a handsewn (4‐0 polydioxanone, simple continuous) or a functional end‐to‐end stapled technique (GIA 60 blue, TA 60 green) was used on an alternating basis. The microvasculature adjacent to the enterectomy was interrogated. Quantitative measures of microvascular health were calculated for each site and compared with healthy dogs.ResultsMicrovascular density (mean ± SD) at the site of obstruction (140.84 ± 77.40) was lower than healthy controls (251.72 ± 97.10,p < .01). There was no difference in microvascular parameters (density or perfused boundary region, PBR) between obstructed dogs with subjectively viable and nonviable intestine (p > .14). The density (p = .66) and PBR of microvessels (p = .76) adjacent to the sutured enterectomy or TA green staple line did not differ.ConclusionSidestream dark field videomicroscopy can identify obstructed intestine and quantitate the severity of microvascular compromise. Handsewn and stapled enterectomies equally preserve perfusion.Clinical significanceStapled enterectomies do not lead to greater vascular compromise than handsewn enterectomies.
What Do We Mean When We Write About Ethics, Equity, and Justice in Engineering Design?
Authors: Das Madhurima , Roeder Gillian , Ostrowski Anastasia K. , Yang Maria C. , Verma Aditi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEngineering design often requires engaging with users, clients, and stakeholders of products and systems. It is therefore important for designers to reflect on the societal and environmental implications of their design work so that they can design equitably, ethically, and justly. We conduct a review of three leading scholarly engineering design publications to investigate how, when, and why these terms—“ethics,” “equity,” and “justice,” and variations—appear in the engineering design literature and what scholars mean when they use them. We find that these terms are minimally present within the field's scholarship and posit that design researchers may be using other terms to refer to their work that is aligned with principles of ethics, equity, and justice. We find that the prevalence of these terms has increased over time and that the terms come up throughout various stages of the design process. There appear to be a variety of motivations for including these terms, notably, sustainability and education of the next generation of designers. Finally, we propose an expanded design justice framework that is specific to engineering design. We encourage designers in our field to adopt this framework to assist them in thinking through how their engineering design work can be used to advance justice.
Molnupiravir and risk of hospital admission or death in adults with covid-19: emulation of a randomized target trial using electronic health records
Authors: Xie Yan , Bowe Benjamin , Al-Aly Ziyad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo emulate a randomized target trial to estimate the association between the antiviral drug molnupiravir and hospital admission or death in adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community during the omicron predominant era who were at high risk of progression to severe covid-19.DesignEmulation of a randomized target trial using electronic health records.SettingUS Department of Veterans Affairs.Participants85 998 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection between 5 January and 30 September 2022 and at least one risk factor for progression to severe covid-19: 7818 participants were eligible for and treated with molnupiravir and 78 180 received no treatment.Main outcomes measureThe primary outcome was a composite of hospital admission or death at 30 days. The clone method with inverse probability of censoring weighting was used to adjust for informative censoring and balance baseline characteristics between the groups. The cumulative incidence function was used to estimate the relative risk and the absolute risk reduction at 30 days.ResultsMolnupiravir was associated with a reduction in hospital admissions or death at 30 days (relative risk 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.79)) compared with no treatment; the event rates for hospital admission or death at 30 days were 2.7% (95% confidence interval 2.5% to 3.0%) for molnupiravir and 3.8% (3.7% to 3.9%) for no treatment; the absolute risk reduction was 1.1% (95% confidence interval 0.8% to 1.4%). Molnupiravir appeared to be effective in those who had not been vaccinated against covid-19 (relative risk 0.83 (0.70 to 0.97) and absolute risk reduction 0.9% (0.2% to 1.9%)), had received one or two vaccine doses (0.69 (0.56 to 0.83) and 1.3% (0.7% to 1.9%)), and had received a booster dose (0.71 (0.58 to 0.83) and 1.0% (0.5% to 1.4%)); in those infected during the era when the omicron subvariant BA.1 or BA.2 was predominant (0.72 (0.62 to 0.83) and 1.2% (0.7% to 1.6%)) and when BA.5 was predominant (0.75 (0.66 to 0.86) and 0.9% (0.5% to 1.3%)); and in those with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (0.72 (0.64 to 0.81) and 1.1% (0.8% to 1.4%)) and with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (0.75 (0.58 to 0.97) and 1.1% (0.1% to 1.8%)).ConclusionsThe findings of this emulation of a randomized target trial suggest that molnupiravir might have reduced hospital admission or death at 30 days in adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community during the recent omicron predominant era who were at high risk of progression to severe covid-19 and eligible for treatment with molnupiravir.
Factors underpinning an improved menopausal experience in the workplace for doctors: a UK-based qualitative study
Authors: Adelekan-Kamara Yasmin , Asunramu Mohammed-Hareef , Bhullar Karmanpreet , Duah-Asante Kwaku Agyei , Leedham-Green Kathleen , Madaan Anika , Poku Daryl , Yousefi Samineh 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesA recent British Medical Association survey revealed that very few National Health Service (NHS) doctors felt comfortable discussing symptoms with their managers, and many feel unable to make changes to their working lives to accommodate their menopause. An improved menopausal experience (IME) in the workplace has been associated with increased job satisfaction, increased economic participation and reduced absenteeism. Currently, existing literature fails to explore menopausal doctors’ experiences and none factors in non-menopausal colleagues’ perspectives. This qualitative study aims to determine the factors underpinning an IME for UK doctors.DesignQualitative study using semistructured interviews and thematic analysis.ParticipantsMenopausal doctors (n=21) and non-menopausal (n=20) doctors including men.SettingGeneral practices and hospitals in the UK.ResultsFour overarching themes underpinning an IME were identified: menopausal knowledge and awareness, openness to discussion, organisational culture, and supported personal autonomy. The levels of knowledge held by menopausal participants themselves, their colleagues and their superiors were identified as crucial in determining menopausal experiences. Likewise, the ability to openly discuss menopause was also identified as an important factor. The NHS culture, gender dynamics and an adopted superhero mentality—where doctors feel compelled to prioritise work over personal well-being—further impacted under the umbrella of Organisational culture. Personal autonomy at work was considered important in improving menopausal experiences at work for doctors. The superhero mentality, lack of organisational support and a lack of open discussion were identified as novel themes not found in current literature, particularly in the healthcare context.ConclusionsThis study highlights that doctors’ factors underpinning an IME in the workplace are comparable to other sectors. The potential benefits of an IME for doctors in the NHS are considerable. NHS leaders can address these challenges by using pre-existing training materials and resources for their employees if menopausal doctors are to feel supported and retained.
Effect of and the association between vitamin D and outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques among infertile men and women: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Authors: Morshed-Behbahani Bahar , Doryanizadeh Leila , Shahali Shadab , Shahabi Saeed , Montazeri Ali 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionVitamin D is associated with many functions of the human reproductive system. Accordingly, it seems that on infertile couples undergoing assisted reproduction technology (ART), treatment outcomes may be affected by the vitamin D. This overview aims to show the effect of vitamin D on infertility treatments outcomes in recent studies by concluding systematic reviews and meta-analyses to achieve a comprehensive result.Methods and analysisThis overview protocol is being reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. We will include all peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials published from inception until December 2022. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase will be searched from the time of publication of the first articles onwards with a comprehensive search strategy. Endnote V.X7 software (Thomson Reuters, New York, New York, USA) will be used to store and manage records. The results will align with guidelines in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA statement.Ethics and disseminationThis overview will be evaluating the effect of vitamin D status and vitamin D supplementing on results of ART in women and men who are undergoing treatment for infertility. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and its effects on an important issue such as human fertility might be a very influential factor that leads scientists to strongly recommend its use. However, the more critical concern is that there is no definitive agreement in studies on the relationship between vitamin D and an increased chance of better fertility in men and women undergoing infertility treatment.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021252752.
Patterns of utilisation of specialist care after SARS-Cov-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Formoso Giulio , Marino Massimiliano , Formisano Debora , Grilli Roberto 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the pattern of health services utilisation of people who had had a documented SARS-Cov-2 infection.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe Italian province of Reggio Emilia.Participants36 036 subjects who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection during the period September 2020–May 2021. These were matched for age, sex and Charlson Index with an equal number of subjects never found positive at the SARS-Cov-2 swab test over the study period.Main outcome measuresHospital admissions for all medical conditions and for respiratory or cardiovascular conditions only; access to emergency room (for any cause); outpatient specialist visits (pneumology, cardiology, neurology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, rheumatology, dermatology, mental health) and overall cost of care.ResultsWithin a median follow-up time of 152 days (range 1–180), previous exposure to SARS-Cov-2 infection was always associated with higher probability of needing access to hospital or ambulatory care, except for dermatology, mental health and gastroenterology specialist visits. Post-COVID subjects with Charlson Index≥1 were hospitalised more frequently for heart disease and for non-surgical reasons than subjects with Charlson index=0, whereas the opposite occurred for hospitalisations for respiratory diseases and pneumology visits. A previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with 27% higher cost of care compared with people never infected. The difference in cost was more evident among those with Charlson Index>1. Subjects who had anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had lower probability of falling in the highest cost quartile.ConclusionsOur findings reflect the burden of post-COVID sequelae, providing some specific insight on their impact on the extra-use of health services according to patients’ characteristics and vaccination status. Vaccination is associated with lower cost of care following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the favourable impact of vaccines on the use of health services even when they do not prevent infection.
Protocol for the PLAY Study: a randomised controlled trial of an intervention to improve infant development by encouraging maternal self-efficacy using behavioural feedback
Authors: Prioreschi Alessandra , Pearson Rebecca , Richter Linda , Bennin Fiona , Theunissen Helene , Cantrell Sarah J , Maduna Dumsile , Lawlor Deborah , Norris Shane A 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe early infant caregiving environment is crucial in the formation of parent–child relationships, neurobehavioural development and thus child outcomes. This protocol describes the Play Love And You (PLAY) Study, a phase 1 trial of an intervention designed to promote infant development through encouraging maternal self-efficacy using behavioural feedback, and supportive interventions.Methods and analysis210 mother–infant pairs will be recruited at delivery from community clinics in Soweto, South Africa, and individually randomised (1:1) into two groups. The trial will consist of a standard of care arm and an intervention arm. The intervention will start at birth and end at 12 months, and outcome assessments will be made when the infants are 0, 6 and 12 months of age. The intervention will be delivered by community health helpers using an app with resource material, telephone calls, in person visits and behavioural feedback with individualised support. Every 4 months, mothers in the intervention group will receive rapid feedback via the app and in person on their infant’s movement behaviours and on their interaction styles with their infant. At recruitment, and again at 4 months, mothers will be screened for mental health risk and women who score in the high-risk category will receive an individual counselling session from a licensed psychologist, followed by referral and continued support as necessary. The primary outcome is efficacy of the intervention in improving maternal self-efficacy, and the secondary outcomes are infant development at 12 months, and feasibility and acceptability of each component of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThe PLAY Study has received ethical approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand (M220217). Participants will be provided with an information sheet and required to provide written consent prior to being enrolled. Study results will be shared via publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentation and media engagement.Trial registration numberThis trial was registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za) on 10 February 2022 (identifier: PACTR202202747620052).
Association between exposure to secondhand aerosol from heated tobacco products and respiratory symptoms among current non-smokers in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yoshioka Takashi , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Hori Ai , Okawa Sumiyo , Nakashima Kei , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between secondhand-aerosol exposure from heated tobacco products (HTPs) and respiratory symptoms among current non-smokers.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingInternet survey conducted between 8 and 26 February 2021 in Japan.ParticipantsNon-smoking respondents at the survey aged 15–80 years.ExposureSelf-reported secondhand-aerosol exposure.Primary and secondary outcomesWe defined asthma/asthma-like symptoms as a primary outcome and persistent cough as a secondary outcome. We examined the association between secondhand-aerosol exposure from HTPs and respiratory symptoms (asthma attacks/asthma-like symptoms and persistent cough). The prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% CI were calculated by using weighted, multivariable ‘modified’ Poisson regression models.ResultsOf the 18 839 current non-smokers, 9.8% (95% CI 8.2% to 11.7%) and 16.7% (95% CI 14.8% to 18.9%) of those who were exposed to secondhand aerosols reported asthma attacks/asthma-like symptoms and persistent cough, whereas 4.5% (95% CI 3.9% to 5.2%) and 9.6% (95% CI 8.4% to 11.0%) of those who were not, respectively. Secondhand-aerosol exposure was associated with respiratory symptoms (asthma attacks/asthma-like symptoms: PR 1.49, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.85; persistent cough: PR 1.44, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.72) after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionSecondhand-aerosol exposure from HTPs was associated with both asthma attacks/asthma-like symptoms and persistent cough. These results provide policymakers with meaningful information in the regulation of HTP use for the protection of current non-smokers.