bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Limits of the History of Western Sport in Colonial India
Authors: Dutta Subhadipa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis historiographical review considers a corpus of literature which examines the spread of modern Western sport within and beyond the locus of public schools, princely playgrounds and club greens in colonial India. While locating the old historiographical problems and new social historical interpretations, a great deal of attention has been paid to foregrounding significant research areas that are less catered to in existing scholarships. As well, this review contends that the eagerness to examine colonial interventions in the sports field without tracing the conflict and negotiation between two different – pre-colonial and colonial – ideas of leisure and body cultural movements expounds an incomplete history of Western sport in modern India. While doing so, it urges a rectification of the methodology of current academic studies in which vernacular literary sources are treated as a ‘passive mediator’ merely reflecting the popular enthusiasm for sport. It concludes that this ‘reflectionist’ approach is a hindrance to research work on the diffusion of Western sports in colonial India, which recognises the emergence and development of a new sporting culture as the discursive formation that surrounded the ideological meanings and images of the literary construction of sport.
Trivial aortic valve regurgitation in children and adolescents with structurally normal hearts: physiologic or pathologic?
Authors: Joyce James J. , Joyce Thomas R. , Ferns Sunita J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Trivial regurgitation from a normal aortic valve is rarely seen in healthy children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate timing of presentation, associated conditions, and medium-term prognosis of this incidental finding.Methods:Paediatric patients observed to have trivial aortic valve regurgitation with otherwise normal echocardiograms were retrospectively analysed. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were measured and categorised on presentation and follow-up.Results:Sixty patients (39 males) were identified over a 13-year period. Age at presentation was 14.8 years (IQR 12.9–16.0), height z-score was + 0.71 (95% CI + 0.48– + 0.94), and body mass index z-score was + 0.66 (95% CI + 0.40– + 0.92). Median aortic regurgitation vena contracta diameter was 1.0 mm (IQR 0.8–1.3). Aortic valve strands were visualised in 28% and physiologic mitral regurgitation in 32%. Aortic annulus, sinotubular junction, and mid-ascending aorta diameters were normal, and mean aortic sinus diameter was only slightly increased (z-score + 0.23, 95% CI + 0.02– + 0.44). Follow-up data were obtained in 36 patients from 1 to 6.7 years later (median 2.1). Aortic regurgitation was no longer detectable in 28%, and none exhibited worsening. Mitral regurgitation prevalence was lower in those with aortic regurgitation resolution versus persistence (10% versus 50%, p = 0.03).Conclusions:Trivial aortic regurgitation in paediatric patients with normal hearts is more common in adolescents and is associated with an increased prevalence of aortic valve strands and physiologic mitral regurgitation. These findings do not worsen during growth and may resolve consistent with being physiologic rather than pathologic.
A rare complication after radiofrequency catheter ablation in an adolescent case: skin burn
Authors: Torun Emine Gulsah , Özdemiroğlu Nevin , Koca Serhat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRadiofrequency catheter ablation is a preferred treatment method for cardiac arrhythmias in children due to its high success rate and low complication risk. We present an adolescent patient who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and developed a skin burn at the site of the electrode patch. Skin burns can catastrophic consequences, especially in patients with life-threatening arrhythmias; therefore, clinicians should be aware of this complication.
The Oxidation State of Sulfur in Apatite of Martian Meteorite—Shergotty
Authors: Chowdhury Proteek , Brounce Maryjo , Boyce Jeremy W. , McCubbin Francis M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractApatite can incorporate sulfur in its reduced form (S2−) when apatite equilibrates with a silicate melt under reducing conditions. Incorporation of sulfate (S6+) has been observed in terrestrial apatite under oxidizing conditions. Thus, it has been suggested that the proportions of S6+/S2− in apatite may record the oxygen fugacity (fO2) during the formation and/or equilibration of apatite grains with a silicate melt in a wide variety of igneous and metamorphic rocks, including from Earth, Mars, the Moon, and in materials from the asteroid belt. Martian rocks, which record fO2 values intermediate between those recorded by rocks from the Moon and Earth, may have apatite that contains only S2− or mixtures of S6+ and S2−. Here, we present new measurements of the oxidation state of sulfur in apatite grains in the basaltic shergottite, Shergotty, which exhibits spectral features consistent with the presence of sulfide (S2−) structurally bound in apatite, and no evidence for the presence of sulfite (S4+) or sulfate (S6+). The presence of sulfide‐only apatite in Shergotty is consistent with other mineralogical records of fO2 in this meteorite, which are calculated from other late‐stage crystallizing phases like Fe‐Ti oxides as well as from early crystallizing phases like clinopyroxene (DEuCpx/melt) of ΔIW + 1.9 to ΔIW + 3.5. At these fO2 values, S is present in silicate melts as only S2−, and this suggests that the oxidation state of sulfur records and preserves the fO2 during the igneous crystallization of apatite reinforcing the idea that sulfur in apatite can be used as an igneous oxybarometer.
Balancing the Effects of Forest Conservation and Restoration on South China Karst Greening
Authors: Peng Jian , Hu Tao , Qiu Sijing , Hu Yi'na , Dong Jianquan , Lin Yifan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractForest conservation and restoration are key components of ecological engineering. Previous studies often focused on the forest restoration impact on vegetation greening, ignoring the importance of forest conservation, and the link between forest conservation and restoration remains unclear. Based on land use data, forest cover loss data, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Leaf Area Index, in this study, we explored the spatial pattern of forest conservation and restoration from 2000 to 2020, and quantitatively calculated the contribution of forest conservation and restoration to vegetation greening. The results showed that the forest conservation area was 821,888 km2, and the forest restoration area was 100,266 km2 in South China karst. The forest conservation and restoration area with vegetation greenness increasing were 358,236 and 54,397 km2, respectively, which contributed 39.85% and 6.05% to vegetation greening. Moreover, there was a nonlinear relationship between forest conservation and restoration, and the results showed an inverted U‐shape in most provinces. This study evaluated ecological engineering from the perspective of forest conservation and restoration, which could provide the scientific basis for differentiated ecological engineering planning.
What Is the Altitude of Thermal Equilibrium?
Authors: Peterson W. K. , Maruyama Naomi , Richards Phil , Erickson Philip J. , Christensen Andrew B. , Yau Andrew W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThermal equilibrium in planetary atmospheres occurs at altitudes where the ion, electron, and neutral temperatures are equal. Thermal equilibrium is postulated to occur in the collision‐dominated ionosphere. This postulated altitude is above the lower boundary of all empirical models of planetary ionospheres. Physics‐based model predictions of the altitude cannot be validated due to a lack of adequate simultaneous observations of temperature profiles. This study presents temperature profiles from simultaneous observations on Atmosphere Explorer–C below 140 km and quiet‐time neutral observations from Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energy and Dynamics/Global UltraViolet Imager over Millstone Hill. These are compared with profiles from physics‐based models with a discussion of their respective limitations. We conclude that there does not yet exist a quantitative understanding of the ion, electron, and neutral thermalization processes in low‐altitude planetary ionospheres. Progress on this topic requires an adequate database of simultaneous ion, electron, and neutral temperature profiles in the 110–140 km altitude range.
Anomalous Net Biome Exchange Over Amazonian Rainforests Induced by the 2015/16 El Niño: Soil Dryness‐Shaped Spatial Pattern but Temperature‐dominated Total Flux
Authors: Wang Jun , Zeng Ning , Wang Meirong , Jiang Fei , Chevallier Frédéric , Crowell Sean , He Wei , Johnson Matthew S. , Liu Junjie , Liu Zhiqiang , Miller Scot M. , Philip Sajeev , Wang Hengmao , Wu Mousong , Ju Weimin , Feng Shuzhuang , Jia Mengwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe magnitude and spatial pattern of anomalous net biome exchange (NBE) induced by the 2015/16 El Niño over Amazonian rainforests remain uncertain. We here investigated them using multi‐model posterior NBE products in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) version 10 modeling intercomparison project. Results suggest that relative to the annual NBE average in 2017/18, larger anomalous carbon release occurred over the eastern and northern Amazonian rainforests in 2015/16, with a total flux of approximately 0.4 PgC yr−1 after assimilating satellite‐observed column CO2 concentrations (XCO2) over land. We further find that this anomalous spatial pattern was predominantly determined by soil dryness, while the total positive NBE anomaly was dominated by higher temperature with its contribution of approximately 68～70%. We believe that atmospheric inversions assimilating more satellite‐observed XCO2 in future can provide us more comprehensive understanding how Amazonian rainforests cope with the abiotic stresses induced by El Niño events.
Interhemispheric Asymmetry Due To IMF By Within the Cusp Spherical Elementary Currents
Authors: Weygand J. M. , Hartinger M. D. , Strangeway R. J. , Welling D. T. , Kim Hyomin , Matzka Jürgen , Clauer C. Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObservations of interhemispheric asymmetry in the cusp region due to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component have been performed for years, but those observations typically are not simultaneous in both hemispheres and represent an average picture. Simultaneous instantaneous observations in both hemispheres are rare. We have combined four sets of magnetometers in Antarctica to produce equivalent ionospheric currents and current amplitudes at 10 s resolution using the spherical elementary current systems technique. These Antarctica spherical elementary currents are roughly conjugate to the northern hemisphere spherical elementary currents derived over Greenland and North America. We examined five intervals with large interplanetary magnetic field By positive and negative and demonstrate that the equivalent current pattern in opposite hemispheres are asymmetric with respect to one another during IMF By positive with the cusp throat opening towards the dusk in the northern hemisphere and towards the dawn in the southern hemisphere. This configuration reverses for interplanetary magnetic field By negative. In one of these events we examine the rotation of the equivalent currents in real time in the northern hemisphere. We also compare these results with virtual magnetometer predictions from the Space Weather Modeling Framework. Simultaneous spherical elementary currents observations in both hemispheres are important because they allow us to observe the evolution of the cusp throat during changing solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions.
Mid‐Latitude Double H‐Spikes: Their Properties and Signatures in Different Geomagnetic Indices
Authors: Saiz E. , Guerrero A. , Cid C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProper assessment of geomagnetic disturbances is a key aspect of space weather as technology is often impacted by space weather activity without previous warnings or proper forecasts. Double H‐spikes are a form of longitudinal asymmetry observed at midlatitudes. They are geomagnetic disturbances occurring simultaneously on the dayside and nightside as a negative/positive H‐spike, which go unnoticed through common geomagnetic indices. This work presents the results of a systematic search for double H‐spikes occurred over a 23‐year period and analyzes characteristics of the double H‐spikes such as the occurrence dependence on the solar cycle, season, intensity and phase of the geomagnetic storm. Our outcomes indicate that double H‐spikes are a global phenomenon closely related with the substorm phenomenon and the ground magnetic disturbances observed at mid‐latitude are remote effects of field‐aligned currents (FACs). FACs would be the part of the substorm current wedge developed from the expansion onset of intense substorms whose effects have wide longitudinal extend as they are observed on the dayside and the nightside. Also mid‐latitude global SYM and ASY indices are affected by FACs during those periods. Time derivatives of the SuperMAG SMR12 and SMR00 sector indices allow us to conclude that double H‐spikes, as short‐time high‐intensity magnetic disturbances, pose a potential risk to damage ground‐technological systems at midlatitudes.
Human‐Induced Changes in South American River Sediment Fluxes From 1984 to 2019
Authors: Fagundes H. O. , Fleischmann A. S. , Fan F. M. , Paiva R. C. D. , Buarque D. C. , Siqueira V. A. , Collischonn W. , Borrelli P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRiver sediment fluxes have been impacted in South America (SA), one of the continents with the highest erosion and sediment transport rates globally. However, the magnitude and spatio‐temporal distribution of the main drivers of changes have been poorly identified and explored. Here, we performed simulations using a hydrological‐hydrodynamic‐sediment model to comprehensively estimate the spatial and temporal sediment changes and trends in SA from 1984 to 2019. We found that 51% of the main SA rivers experienced significant changes in simulated sediment transport (QST) over this period, with 36% due to Amazon deforestation and river damming and 15% due to precipitation changes. We also estimated a 10% reduction in the average sediment delivery to the oceans. Deforestation was responsible for QST changes higher than 80% in some Amazon sites, and hydropower expansion led to a greater reduction of sediment flows (80%–100%) in the Tocantins, Uruguay, Upper Paraná, lower São Francisco, Desaguadero, and Negro rivers. In addition, our results suggest that reservoirs built in the Amazon region in the 2011–2019 period are also affecting sediment transport. Our modeling outputs provide unprecedented information about the status of river sediment dynamics in SA, and a template to develop evidence‐based strategies and transboundary policies related to continental‐wide sediment dynamics and the conservation and restoration of ecosystems.
Hidden delays of climate mitigation benefits in the race for electric vehicle deployment
Authors: Ren Yue , Sun Xin , Wolfram Paul , Zhao Shaoqiong , Tang Xu , Kang Yifei , Zhao Dongchang , Zheng Xinzhu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are climate-friendly alternatives to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), an important but often ignored fact is that the climate mitigation benefits of BEVs are usually delayed. The manufacture of BEVs is more carbon-intensive than that of ICEVs, leaving a greenhouse gas (GHG) debt to be paid back in the future use phase. Here we analyze millions of vehicle data from the Chinese market and show that the GHG break-even time (GBET) of China’s BEVs ranges from zero (i.e., the production year) to over 11 years, with an average of 4.5 years. 8% of China’s BEVs produced and sold between 2016 and 2018 cannot pay back their GHG debt within the eight-year battery warranty. We suggest enhancing the share of BEVs reaching the GBET by promoting the effective substitution of BEVs for ICEVs instead of the single-minded pursuit of speeding up the BEV deployment race.
Task state representations in vmPFC mediate relevant and irrelevant value signals and their behavioral influence
Authors: Moneta Nir , Garvert Mona M. , Heekeren Hauke R. , Schuck Nicolas W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ventromedial prefrontal-cortex (vmPFC) is known to contain expected value signals that inform our choices. But expected values even for the same stimulus can differ by task. In this study, we asked how the brain flexibly switches between such value representations in a task-dependent manner. Thirty-five participants alternated between tasks in which either stimulus color or motion predicted rewards. We show that multivariate vmPFC signals contain a rich representation that includes the current task state or context (motion/color), the associated expected value, and crucially, the irrelevant value of the alternative context. We also find that irrelevant value representations in vmPFC compete with relevant value signals, interact with task-state representations and relate to behavioral signs of value competition. Our results shed light on vmPFC’s role in decision making, bridging between its role in mapping observations onto the task states of a mental map, and computing expected values for multiple states.
Host-diet-gut microbiome interactions influence human energy balance: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Corbin Karen D. , Carnero Elvis A. , Dirks Blake , Igudesman Daria , Yi Fanchao , Marcus Andrew , Davis Taylor L. , Pratley Richard E. , Rittmann Bruce E. , Krajmalnik-Brown Rosa , Smith Steven R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of human energy balance. Prior studies in humans lacked the environmental and dietary controls and precision required to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of the gut microbiome. Using a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) designed to deliver more dietary substrates to the colon and therefore modulate the gut microbiome, we quantified microbial and host contributions to human energy balance in a controlled feeding study with a randomized crossover design in young, healthy, weight stable males and females (NCT02939703). In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal and urinary). The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions [Control, Western Diet (WD) vs. MBD]. The secondary endpoints were enteroendocrine hormones, hunger/satiety, and food intake. Here we show that, compared to the WD, the MBD leads to an additional 116 ± 56 kcals (P < 0.0001) lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host (89.5 ± 0.73%; range 84.2-96.1% on the MBD vs. 95.4 ± 0.21%; range 94.1-97.0% on the WD; P < 0.0001) without changes in energy expenditure, hunger/satiety or food intake (P > 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene copy number (a surrogate of biomass) increases (P < 0.0001), beta-diversity changes (whole genome shotgun sequencing; P = 0.02), and fermentation products increase (P < 0.01) on an MBD as compared to a WD along with significant changes in the host enteroendocrine system (P < 0.0001). The substantial interindividual variability in metabolizable energy on the MBD is explained in part by fecal SCFAs and biomass. Our results reveal the complex host-diet-microbiome interplay that modulates energy balance.
Stress-induced metabolic exchanges between complementary bacterial types underly a dynamic mechanism of inter-species stress resistance
Authors: Amarnath Kapil , Narla Avaneesh V. , Pontrelli Sammy , Dong Jiajia , Reddan Jack , Taylor Brian R. , Caglar Tolga , Schwartzman Julia , Sauer Uwe , Cordero Otto X. , Hwa Terence 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetabolic cross-feeding plays vital roles in promoting ecological diversity. While some microbes depend on exchanges of essential nutrients for growth, the forces driving the extensive cross-feeding needed to support the coexistence of free-living microbes are poorly understood. Here we characterize bacterial physiology under self-acidification and establish that extensive excretion of key metabolites following growth arrest provides a collaborative, inter-species mechanism of stress resistance. This collaboration occurs not only between species isolated from the same community, but also between unrelated species with complementary (glycolytic vs. gluconeogenic) modes of metabolism. Cultures of such communities progress through distinct phases of growth-dilution cycles, comprising of exponential growth, acidification-triggered growth arrest, collaborative deacidification, and growth recovery, with each phase involving different combinations of physiological states of individual species. Our findings challenge the steady-state view of ecosystems commonly portrayed in ecological models, offering an alternative dynamical view based on growth advantages of complementary species in different phases.
A versatile bioelectronic interface programmed for hormone sensing
Authors: Guha Ray Preetam , Maity Debasis , Huang Jinbo , Zulewski Henryk , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrecision medicine requires smart, ultrasensitive, real-time profiling of bio-analytes using interconnected miniaturized devices to achieve individually optimized healthcare. Here, we report a versatile bioelectronic interface (VIBE) that senses signaling-cascade-guided receptor-ligand interactions via an electronic interface. We show that VIBE offers a low detection limit down to sub-nanomolar range characterised by an output current that decreases significantly, leading to precise profiling of these peptide hormones throughout the physiologically relevant concentration ranges. In a proof-of-concept application, we demonstrate that the VIBE platform differentiates insulin and GLP-1 levels in serum samples of wild-type mice from type-1 and type-2 diabetic mice. Evaluation of human serum samples shows that the bioelectronic device can differentiate between samples from different individuals and report differences in their metabolic states. As the target analyte can be changed simply by introducing engineered cells overexpressing the appropriate receptor, the VIBE interface has many potential applications for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine via the internet of things.