bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Proportion of Active Nitrogen‐Doped Hard Carbon Based on Mannich Reaction as Anode Material for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Gang , Kong Qingquan , Yao Weitang , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe potential for energy storage in carbonaceous materials is well known. Heteroatom doping – particularly nitrogen doping – can further enhance their electrochemical performance. The type of N configuration determines the reactivity of doped carbon. It remains a challenge, however, to achieve a high ratio of active N (N‐5) in N‐doped carbon. In this study, a high proportion of active nitrogen‐doped hard carbon (PTA‐Lys‐800) is synthesized by the classical Mannich reaction, using tannic acid (TA) and amino acid as precursors. For sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), PTA‐Lys‐800 provides outstanding cycling stability and rate performance (338.8 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 for 100 cycles, a capacity retention of 86 %; 131.1 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1 after 5000 cycles). The excellent performance of PTA‐Lys‐800 is attributed to stable hierarchical pore structure, abundant defects, and a high proportion of N‐5 formed during the carbonization process. Based on a detailed fundamental analysis, the pseudocapacitance mechanism is found to contribute to the higher sodium storage process in PTA‐Lys‐800. The Na‐adsorption mechanism is further explored through ex situ Raman spectroscopy. A new method is presented for designing carbonaceous anode materials with high capacity and long cycle life.
Simple visualization method for the c.577del of erythropoietin variant: CRISPR/dCas9‐based single nucleotide polymorphism diagnosis
Authors: Yi Joon‐Yeop , Kim Minyoung , Jeon Mijin , Min Hophil , Kim Byung‐Gee , Son Junghyun , Sung Changmin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human erythropoietin (hEPO), the c.577del variant, can produces 26 amino acids longer than the wild‐type hEPO, posing a risk of misinterpretation in routine doping analysis. To prevent this, the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) included a procedure for reporting the sequencing results regarding the presence or absence of SNPs for suspected cases in the new version of the technical document for recombinant EPO in 2022. However, it is very expensive for anti‐doping laboratories to purchase a gene sequencing analyzer, which costs hundreds of thousands of dollars, and only a few companies provide specific gene sequencing services with accredited certification. Therefore, in this study, we developed a simple visualization method for the c.577del of the EPO variant at the gene level. The gene fragment of the EPO gene, including c.577del, was amplified using a fast polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PCR products were incubated with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/deadCas9 system using variant‐specific single‐guide RNA (sgRNA). This ribonucleoprotein complex binds specifically to the EPO variant gene fragment, causing a band shift on native‐PAGE. We designed 4 sgRNAs that can bind only to the EPO variant or wild‐type gene. In addition, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay on a gel demonstrated that one of the sgRNAs had a high level of specificity. Consequently, the c.577del variant was selectively detected by visualizing the target fragment of the gene on the gel within 3 h using only 3 μl of the whole blood.
The impact of between‐session habituation, within‐session habituation, and weight gain on response to food exposure for adolescents with eating disorders
Authors: Essayli Jamal H. , Forrest Lauren N. , Zickgraf Hana F. , Stefano Emily C. , Keller Kathleen L. , Lane‐Loney Susan E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveExposure therapy is a promising treatment for eating disorders (EDs). However, questions remain about the effectiveness of exposure to feared foods during the weight restoration phase of treatment, and the importance of between‐session and within‐session habituation.MethodWe recruited 54 adolescents from a partial hospitalization program (PHP) for EDs which included daily food exposure. Throughout treatment, participants provided subjective units of distress (SUDS) ratings before and after eating a feared food, and completed measures of ED symptomatology.ResultsMultilevel models found that pre‐exposure SUDS decreased over time, providing some evidence that between‐session habituation occurred. In contrast, the difference between pre‐exposure and post‐exposure SUDS did not decrease over time, indicating that within‐session habituation did not occur. Weight gain predicted greater between‐session habituation to feared foods, but did not predict within‐session habituation. Between‐session habituation, but not within‐session habituation, predicted favorable treatment outcomes, including weight gain and improvements on the Children's Eating Attitudes Test and Fear of Food Measure.DiscussionPartial hospitalization programs that include daily exposure to feared foods may be effective at decreasing anxiety about foods for adolescents with EDs who are experiencing weight restoration. Further research is warranted to replicate our findings challenging the importance of within‐session habituation, and to better understand between‐session habituation and inhibitory learning as mechanisms of change when conducting food exposure for EDs.Public SignificanceThis study provides some evidence that PHPs that include food exposure may be useful for adolescents with EDs who are experiencing weight restoration. Between‐session habituation, but not within‐session habituation, predicted favorable treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to determine whether clinicians can disregard within‐session habituation when conducting food exposure for EDs, and understand the importance of between‐session habituation as a potential mechanism of food exposure.
Correlation with a limited set of behavioral niches explains the convergence of somatic morphology in mygalomorph spiders
Authors: Wilson Jeremy D. , Bond Jason E. , Harvey Mark S. , Ramírez Martín J. , Rix Michael G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of morphological convergence requires investigation into its relationship with behavior and niche space, and such investigations in turn provide insights into evolutionary dynamics, functional morphology, and life history. Mygalomorph spiders (trapdoor spiders and their kin) have long been associated with high levels of morphological homoplasy, and many convergent features can be intuitively associated with different behavioral niches. Using genus‐level phylogenies based on recent genomic studies and a newly assembled matrix of discrete behavioral and somatic morphological characters, we reconstruct the evolution of burrowing behavior in the Mygalomorphae, compare the influence of behavior and evolutionary history on somatic morphology, and test hypotheses of correlated evolution between specific morphological features and behavior. Our results reveal the simplicity of the mygalomorph adaptive landscape, with opportunistic, web‐building taxa at one end, and burrowing/nesting taxa with structurally modified burrow entrances (e.g., a trapdoor) at the other. Shifts in behavioral niche, in both directions, are common across the evolutionary history of the Mygalomorphae, and several major clades include taxa inhabiting both behavioral extremes. Somatic morphology is heavily influenced by behavior, with taxa inhabiting the same behavioral niche often more similar morphologically than more closely related but behaviorally divergent taxa, and we were able to identify a suite of 11 somatic features that show significant correlation with particular behaviors. We discuss these findings in light of the function of particular morphological features, niche dynamics within the Mygalomorphae, and constraints on the mygalomorph adaptive landscape relative to other spiders.
Integrating carbon stocks and landscape connectivity for nature‐based climate solutions
Authors: O'Brien Paul , Gunn John S. , Clark Alison , Gleeson Jenny , Pither Richard , Bowman Jeff 
Published: January 2023

AbstractActions to protect against biodiversity loss and climate change will require a framework that addresses synergies between these interrelated issues. In this study, we present methods for identifying areas important for the implementation of nature‐based climate solutions and biodiversity conservation by intersecting high‐resolution spatial data for carbon storage and landscape connectivity. We explored the spatial congruence of carbon and connectivity in Ontario, Canada and examined effectiveness of current protected areas coverage. We found a weak positive relationship between carbon stocks and landscape connectivity; however, our maps revealed large hotspots, with high values of both indices, throughout the boreal forest and northern peatlands and smaller, isolated hotspots, in the settled landscapes of the south. Location of hotspots varied depending on whether we considered forest or soil carbon. Further, our results show that current protected and conserved areas in Ontario only cover 13% of landscapes with the highest values for both carbon storage and connectivity. Protection or restoration of areas that maximize the co‐benefits of carbon storage and connectivity would make significant contributions toward ambitious national targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and conserve biodiversity.
Phylogeny of Saxifraga section Saxifraga subsection Arachnoideae (Saxifragaceae) and the origin of low elevation shade‐dwelling species
Authors: Gerschwitz‐Eidt Michael A. , Dillenberger Markus S. , Kadereit Joachim W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSaxifraga section Saxifraga subsection Arachnoideae is a lineage of 12 species distributed mainly in the European Alps. It is unusual in terms of ecological diversification by containing both high elevation species from exposed alpine habitats and low elevation species from shady habitats such as overhanging rocks and cave entrances. Our aims are to explore which of these habitat types is ancestral, and to identify the possible drivers of this remarkable ecological diversification. Using a Hybseq DNA‐sequencing approach and a complete species sample we reconstructed and dated the phylogeny of subsection Arachnoideae. Using Landolt indicator values, this phylogenetic tree was used for the reconstruction of the evolution of temperature, light and soil pH requirements in this lineage. Diversification of subsection Arachnoideae started in the late Pliocene and continued through the Pleistocene. Both diversification among and within clades was largely allopatric, and species from shady habitats with low light requirements are distributed in well‐known refugia. We hypothesize that low light requirements evolved when species persisting in cold‐stage refugia were forced into marginal habitats by more competitive warm‐stage vegetation. While we do not claim that such competition resulted in speciation, it very likely resulted in adaptive evolution.
Numerical study of the seismic retrofitting of masonry‐Infilled RC frames with openings using TRM
Authors: A Filippou Christiana , Kyriakides Nicholas C , Chrysostomou Christis Z 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe seismic retrofitting of existing masonry‐infilled reinforced‐concrete (RC) frame buildings is one major challenge of earthquake risk mitigation. In this paper, the use of promising novel alternative composite material, namely textile reinforced mortar (TRM) for seismic retrofitting masonry‐infilled RC frames with central openings is examined numerically, to the best knowledge of the authors, for the first time ever. This is achieved by performing a parametric study on a validated 2D numerical model of a three‐story masonry‐infilled RC frame with and without TRM considering different size of central openings. This parametric study aims to examine (i) the influence of central openings on the lateral response of masonry‐infilled RC frames subjected to cyclic loading and (ii) the lateral response of the three‐story masonry‐infilled RC frame with central openings retrofitted with TRM under cyclic loading. From the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that TRM contributes to increase the lateral capacity, stiffness, and the dissipated energy of infilled frames with openings and at the same time provides a more ductile behavior by delaying the strength and the stiffness degradation of infilled frames due to openings and further by delaying or even preventing brittle failures that occur on infilled frames due to the presence of the opening. New stiffness reduction factors for infilled frames with openings, and for TRM‐retrofitted infilled frames with openings are also proposed, which can be used with an equivalent compression strut model and with a tension tie‐model as an everyday practice tool for simulating infilled frames with central openings along the diagonal of the infill wall with and without TRM. A numerical sensitivity analysis is also performed aiming to investigate the influence of (i) the TRM reinforcement ratio and (ii) the type of mortar used for binding the textile reinforcement on the lateral response of the three‐story masonry‐infilled RC frame retrofitted with TRM subjected to cyclic loading. This study showed that by increasing the reinforcement ratio, or by using high‐strength mortars for binding the textile reinforcement, the lateral capacity of infilled frames is increased leading to a more ductile behavior, but this increase is not proportional to the increase of the reinforcement ratio or to the increase of the mechanical properties of the mortar.
Evaluating resources required to evaluate child outcomes following indirect services in early childhood education centres: A scoping review
Authors: Masso Sarah , Campbell Emma , Faulkner Heather , Britton Alison 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedSpeech‐language pathologists (SLPs) may provide indirect services focusing on the promotion of rich communication environments in early childhood education centres. Evaluating children's outcomes following SLP‐led professional development in early childhood education centres is challenging. The aim of this scoping review was to identify how child outcomes were measured in studies exploring SLP professional development in early childhood education.MethodsA systematic search of seven databases was conducted to identify studies that included the provision of an indirect SLP service and measurement of child outcomes. Twelve studies were identified that met all inclusion criteria for the scoping review. Information about the research design, professional development training provided and child outcome measures collected were all extracted from the identified studies.ResultsHalf of the identified studies relied on the direct assessment of child language and seven studies utilised video‐recording of interactions between educators and child/ren in their care.ConclusionsEvaluating child outcomes following SLP professional development in early childhood education centres is not only challenging but also expensive. Considerations for the allocation of suitable resources to evaluate indirect services are discussed.So What?SLPs may need to demonstrate the impact of indirect services focusing on health promotion through the evaluation of child outcomes. The findings of this investigation outline the challenges identifying appropriate tools to capture the outcomes of children.
How the effective reproductive number impacts global stock markets
Authors: Kristjanpoller Werner , Michell Kevin , Minutolo Marcel C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus COVID‐19 has impact the economies of countries across the world. In a short period of time, researchers have begun to analyse the effect of the pandemic on global stock markets. Although the most known measurements of COVID‐19 are the number of new cases and deaths, there are more robust indicators. In particular, the effective reproductive number is one of the most important indicators to analyse the pandemic which indicates the degree to which the spread is under control. In this paper, we assess the impact that the Effective Reproductive Number (Rt) has on 26 countries around the world (32 stock market indexes) comparing the performance of various forms of Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity models. The results demonstrate that of the 32 stock markets analysed, 37.5% had a negative effect with respect to Rt and only in 12.5% of the cases was the effect of the variation of Rt positive. This implies that in more than a third of the stock markets analysed as the pandemic progressed uncontrolled the result was a decrease in the value of the market index. The 11 of the 26 countries analysed had a negative and significant effect (Brazil, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan, and United States). Findings suggest that the Effective Reproductive Number volatility had a significant impact on 10 of the 26 countries analysed (38.5%) (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Italy, Mexico, Russia, Singapore and United Kingdom).
A regression analysis using simple descriptors for multiple dermal datasets: Going from individual membranes to the full skin
Authors: Evans Marina V. , Moxon Thomas E. , Lian Guoping , Deacon Benjamin N. , Chen Tao , Adams Linda D. , Meade Annabel , Wambaugh John F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn silico methods to estimate and/or quantify skin absorption of chemicals as a function of chemistry are needed to realistically predict pharmacological, occupational, and environmental exposures. The Potts–Guy equation is a well‐established approach, using multi‐linear regression analysis describing skin permeability (Kp) in terms of the octanol/water partition coefficient (logP) and molecular weight (MW). In this work, we obtained regression equations for different human datasets relevant to environmental and cosmetic chemicals. Since the Potts–Guy equation was published in 1992, we explored recent datasets that include different skin layers, such as dermatomed (including dermis to a defined thickness) and full skin. Our work was consistent with others who have observed that fits to the Potts–Guy equation are stronger for experiments focused on the epidermis. Permeability estimates for dermatomed skin and full skin resulted in low regression coefficients when compared to epidermis datasets. An updated regression equation uses a combination of fitted permeability values obtained with a published 2D compartmental model previously evaluated. The resulting regression equation was: logKp = −2.55 + 0.65logP − 0.0085MW, R2 = 0.91 (applicability domain for all datasets: MW ranges from 18 to >584 g/mol and −4 to >5 for logP). This approach demonstrates the advantage of combining mechanistic with structural activity relationships in a single modeling approach. This combination approach results in an improved regression fit when compared to permeability estimates obtained using the Potts–Guy approach alone. The analysis presented in this work assumes a one‐compartment skin absorption route; future modeling work will consider adding multiple compartments.
Molecular mechanism of binding between a therapeutic RNA aptamer and its protein target VEGF: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Kalathingal Mahroof , Rhee Young Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMacugen is a therapeutic RNA aptamer against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐165, the VEGF isoform primarily responsible for angiogenesis. It has been reported that Macugen inhibits angiogenesis by specifically binding to the heparin binding domain (HBD) of VEGF165. The mechanism of the molecular recognition between HBD and Macugen is investigated here using all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations. We find that Macugen recognizes HBD by an induced‐fit mechanism with major conformational changes in Macugen and almost no changes in the structure of HBD, whereas HBD recognizes Macugen by a conformational selection mechanism.
Star transposition Gray codes for multiset permutations
Authors: Gregor Petr , Merino Arturo , Mütze Torsten 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiven integers and , let and . An a‐multiset permutation is a string of length that contains exactly symbols for each . In this work we consider the problem of exhaustively generating all ‐multiset permutations by star transpositions, that is, in each step, the first entry of the string is transposed with any other entry distinct from the first one. This is a far‐ranging generalization of several known results. For example, it is known that permutations () can be generated by star transpositions, while combinations () can be generated by these operations if and only if they are balanced (), with the positive case following from the middle levels theorem. To understand the problem in general, we introduce a parameter that allows us to distinguish three different regimes for this problem. We show that if , then a star transposition Gray code for a‐multiset permutations does not exist. We also construct such Gray codes for the case , assuming that they exist for the case . For the case we present some partial positive results. Our proofs establish Hamilton‐connectedness or Hamilton‐laceability of the underlying flip graphs, and they answer several cases of a recent conjecture of Shen and Williams. In particular, we prove that the middle levels graph is Hamilton‐laceable.
Promoting ICT adoption in rural entrepreneurship: more neighbourhood effect or more institutional incentives?—Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Geng Lili , Xue Yongji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough digital village projects have been vigorously promoted in China in recent years, the application rate of information and communication technology (ICT) is still low, while the ways in which governmental technology promotion turns into endogenous initiatives and the impact of informal institutions remains unclear. This study found that the neighbourhood effect, rather than institutional incentives, is decisive for ICT adoption. Perceived well‐being benefit was found to be an indispensable internal driver for ICT adoption, whereas government incentives varied across industries, producing a variety of impacts. The findings of this study provide practical insights into the effective promotion of ICT adoption, suggesting that government and community forces should be integrated, and that both cognitive and affective psychological drivers should be considered.