bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National priority setting partnership using a Delphi consensus process to develop neonatal research questions suitable for practice-changing randomised trials in the UK
Authors: Evans Katie , Battersby Cheryl , Boardman James P , Boyle Elaine , Carroll Will , Dinwiddy Kate , Dorling Jon , Gallagher Katie , Hardy Pollyanna , Johnston Emma , Mactier Helen , Marcroft Claire , Webbe James William Harrison , Gale Chris 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe provision of neonatal care is variable and commonly lacks adequate evidence base; strategic development of methodologically robust clinical trials is needed to improve outcomes and maximise research resources. Historically, neonatal research topics have been selected by researchers; prioritisation processes involving wider stakeholder groups have generally identified research themes rather than specific questions amenable to interventional trials.ObjectiveTo involve stakeholders including parents, healthcare professionals and researchers to identify and prioritise research questions suitable for answering in neonatal interventional trials in the UK.DesignResearch questions were submitted by stakeholders in population, intervention, comparison, outcome format through an online platform. Questions were reviewed by a representative steering group; duplicates and previously answered questions were removed. Eligible questions were entered into a three-round online Delphi survey for prioritisation by all stakeholder groups.ParticipantsOne hundred and eight respondents submitted research questions for consideration; 144 participants completed round one of the Delphi survey, 106 completed all three rounds.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty-five research questions were submitted and after steering group review, 186 entered into the Delphi survey. The top five ranked research questions related to breast milk fortification, intact cord resuscitation, timing of surgical intervention in necrotising enterocolitis, therapeutic hypothermia for mild hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and non-invasive respiratory support.ConclusionsWe have identified and prioritised research questions suitable for practice-changing interventional trials in neonatal medicine in the UK at the present time. Trials targeting these uncertainties have potential to reduce research waste and improve neonatal care.
Preschoolers’ screen time in China before and during COVID-19 lockdown: a parental survey
Authors: Li Ping , Wu Tian , Yang Fan , Luo Hong , Jiang Decheng , Mu Yi , Xiong Tao 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesSince COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the disease has spread rapidly across the country. To reduce the spread of infection, schools including kindergartens were closed. Prolonged home confinement can affect children’s behaviour. Therefore, we investigated the change of preschoolers’ total daily screen time during the COVID-19 lockdown in China.Design, setting and participantsIn the parental survey, 1121 preschoolers, whose parents or grandparents completed an online survey from 1 June 2020 to 5 June 2020, were enrolled.Primary outcomeTotal daily screen time. Multivariable modelling was performed to identify factors associated with increased screen time.ResultsThe results showed that preschoolers’ total daily screen time during lockdown(median 2.5 hours, IQR 2.5 hours) was significantly longer than it was before lockdown (median 1.5 hours, IQR 1.0 hour). Older age (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.48), higher annual household income (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34),and decrease of moderate-vigorous physical activity (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.66) were independently associated with increased screen time.ConclusionsPreschoolers’ total daily screen time significantly increased during lockdown.
Feasibility of linking violent death decedents to prior-month emergency department visits in North Carolina, 2019–2020
Authors: Neuroth Lucas M , Johnson Lois C , Fliss Mike Dolan , Waller Anna E , Harmon Katherine J 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveLinking data between violent death decedents and other sources can provide valuable insight, highlighting opportunities for prevention of violent injury. This study investigated the feasibility of linking North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System (NC-VDRS) records with North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (NC DETECT) emergency department (ED) visit data to identify prior-month ED visits among this population.MethodsNC-VDRS death records from 2019 through 2020 were linked to NC DETECT ED visit data from December 2018 through 2020 using a probabilistic linkage approach. Linkage variables included date of birth, age, sex, zip code and county of residence, date of event (death/ED visit) and mechanism of injury. Potential linkable ED visits were filtered to those occurring in the month prior to death and manually reviewed for validity. Linked records were compared with the NC-VDRS study population to assess linkage performance and generalisability.ResultsAmong the 4768 violent deaths identified, we linked 1340 NC-VDRS records to at least one ED visit in the month prior to death. A higher proportion of decedents dying in medical facilities (ED/outpatient, hospital inpatient, hospice or nursing/long-term care facility) linked to a prior-month visit (80%) relative to those dying in other locations (12%). When stratified by place of death, linked decedents demographically resembled the overall NC-VDRS study population.ConclusionsThough resource intensive, an NC-VDRS-to-NC DETECT linkage was successful in identifying prior-month ED visits among violent death decedents. This linkage should be leveraged to further analyse ED utilisation prior to violent death, expanding the knowledge base surrounding prevention opportunities for violent injuries.
Comparative analysis of anchor cables in pullout tests using distributed fiber optic sensors
Authors: Chen Weibin , Hong Chengyu , Chen Xiangsheng , Luo Guangbin , Su Dong 
Published: April 2023

The interaction mechanism between grouted anchor cables and the surrounding rock mass or soil are complicated and difficult to investigate using conventional monitoring technologies. This study focuses on the in-situ pullout behavior of grouted anchor cables using Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis technique. A series of pullout tests were conducted on anchor cables with five different anchor lengths and three grouting methods. Distributed fiber optic sensors were used to measure the strain distribution of cable bolts from tip to top. The in-situ pullout test results show that both ultimate pullout resistance and ultimate displacement at the ultimate pullout resistance increase with anchor length. The bond strength suffers a slight variation with an increase in anchor length. Both ultimate pullout resistance and the ultimate displacement for Type-B grouting (grouting with reaming) and Type-C grouting (secondary grouting) are larger than those for Type-A grouting (one-time grouting). The shear bond strength of Type-C grouting is greater than that of Type-A grouting. Results from Gaussian functions analysis show that it is feasible to use the function to characterize the axial stress of anchor cables. Furthermore, the overall mobilized percentage η was evaluated. The anchor cables with smaller anchor lengths will result in greater η. The η for the anchor cables of 6 m reaches 92% at the last load, whereas the anchor cables of 18 m were mobilized by only 29% at the last load. The grouting method has a negligible effect on the η, increasing from 22% to 29% in process of the pullout test.
Cytogenetic characterization and karyotype evolution in six Macroptilium species (Leguminosae)
Authors: de Barros Daniela , Montenegro Claudio , Gomes Michelle , Ferraz Maria Eduarda , Miotto Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia , Pedrosa-Harand Andrea 
Published: April 2023

Macroptilium (Benth.) Urb. is a neotropical legume genus from the subtribe Phaseolinae. The investigated species present a stable chromosome number (2 n = 22), but differ in their karyotype formulae, suggesting the presence of chromosome rearrangements. In this work, we comparatively analysed the karyotypes of six species ( Macroptilium atropurpureum, Macroptilium bracteatum, Macroptilium erythroloma, Macroptilium gracile, Macroptilium lathyroides, and Macroptilium martii) from the two main clades that form the genus. Heterochromatin distribution was investigated with chromomycin A3 (CMA)/4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to localize the 5S and 35S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites. Single copy bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) previously mapped in the related genera Phaseolus L. and Vigna Savi were used to establish chromosome orthologies and to investigate possible rearrangements among species. CMA+/DAPI− bands were observed, mostly associated with rDNA sites. Additional weak, pericentromeric bands were observed on several chromosomes. Although karyotypes were similar, species could be differentiated mainly by the number and position of the 5S and 35S rDNA sites. BAC markers demonstrated conserved synteny of the main rDNA sites on orthologous chromosomes 6 and 10, as previously observed for Phaseolus and Vigna. The karyotypes of the six species could be differentiated, shedding light on its karyotype evolution.
Search for low mass dark matter in DarkSide-50: the bayesian network approach
Authors: Agnes P. , Albuquerque I. F. M. , Alexander T. , Alton A. K. , Ave M. , Back H. O. , Batignani G. , Biery K. , Bocci V. , Bonivento W. M. , Bottino B. , Bussino S. , Cadeddu M. , Cadoni M. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Campos M. D. , Canci N. , Caravati M. , Cargioli N. , Cariello M. , Carlini M. , Cataudella V. , Cavalcante P. , Cavuoti S. , Chashin S. , Chepurnov A. , Cicalò C. , Covone G. , D’Angelo D. , Davini S. , De Candia A. , De Cecco S. , De Filippis G. , De Rosa G. , Derbin A. V. , Devoto A. , D’Incecco M. , Dionisi C. , Dordei F. , Downing M. , D’Urso D. , Fairbairn M. , Fiorillo G. , Franco D. , Gabriele F. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Giganti C. , Giovanetti G. K. , Goretti A. M. , Grilli di Cortona G. , Grobov A. , Gromov M. , Guan M. , Gulino M. , Hackett B. R. , Herner K. , Hessel T. , Hosseini B. , Hubaut F. , Hungerford E. V. , Ianni An. , Ippolito V. , Keeter K. , Kendziora C. L. , Kimura M. , Kochanek I. , Korablev D. , Korga G. , Kubankin A. , Kuss M. , La Commara M. , Lai M. , Li X. , Lissia M. , Longo G. , Lychagina O. , Machulin I. N. , Mapelli L. P. , Mari S. M. , Maricic J. , Messina A. , Milincic R. , Monroe J. , Morrocchi M. , Mougeot X. , Muratova V. N. , Musico P. , Nozdrina A. O. , Oleinik A. , Ortica F. , Pagani L. , Pallavicini M. , Pandola L. , Pantic E. , Paoloni E. , Pelczar K. , Pelliccia N. , Piacentini S. , Pocar A. , Poehlmann D. M. , Pordes S. , Poudel S. S. , Pralavorio P. , Price D. D. , Ragusa F. , Razeti M. , Razeto A. , Renshaw A. L. , Rescigno M. , Rode J. , Romani A. , Sablone D. , Samoylov O. , Sandford E. , Sands W. , Sanfilippo S. , Savarese C. , Schlitzer B. , Semenov D. A. , Shchagin A. , Sheshukov A. , Skorokhvatov M. D. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Stracka S. , Suvorov Y. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Tonazzo A. , Unzhakov E. V. , Vishneva A. , Vogelaar R. B. , Wada M. , Wang H. , Wang Y. , Westerdale S. , Wojcik M. M. , Xiao X. , Yang C. , Zuzel G. ,   DarkSide-50 Collaboration
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present a novel approach for the search of dark matter in the DarkSide-50 experiment, relying on Bayesian Networks. This method incorporates the detector response model into the likelihood function, explicitly maintaining the connection with the quantity of interest. No assumptions about the linearity of the problem or the shape of the probability distribution functions are required, and there is no need to morph signal and background spectra as a function of nuisance parameters. By expressing the problem in terms of Bayesian Networks, we have developed an inference algorithm based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo to calculate the posterior probability. A clever description of the detector response model in terms of parametric matrices allows us to study the impact of systematic variations of any parameter on the final results. Our approach not only provides the desired information on the parameter of interest, but also potential constraints on the response model. Our results are consistent with recent published analyses and further refine the parameters of the detector response model.
Toward XUV frequency comb spectroscopy of the 1 S–2 S transition in $$\hbox {He}^+$$
Authors: Moreno Jorge , Schmid Fabian , Weitenberg Johannes , Karshenboim Savely G. , Hänsch Theodor W. , Udem Thomas , Ozawa Akira 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The energy levels of hydrogen-like atoms and ions are accurately described by bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED). $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

ions have a doubly charged nucleus, which enhances the higher-order QED contributions and makes them interesting for precise tests of QED. Systematic effects that currently dominate the uncertainty in hydrogen spectroscopy, such as the second-order Doppler shift and time-of-flight broadening, are largely suppressed by performing spectroscopy on trapped and cooled $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

ions. Measuring a transition in $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

will extend the test of QED beyond the long-studied hydrogen. In this article, we describe our progress toward precision spectroscopy of the 1 S–2 S two-photon transition in $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

. The transition can be excited by radiation at a wavelength of 60.8 nm generated by a high-power infrared frequency comb using high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

ions are trapped in a Paul trap and sympathetically cooled with laser-cooled $$\hbox {Be}^{+}$$

Be
+

ions. Our recently developed signal detection scheme based on secular-scan spectrometry is capable of detecting $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

excitation with single-event sensitivity.

Graphic abstract
Constraining the Triassic–Jurassic boundary carbon cycle perturbations using high-resolution δ
13
C
org
records from the Haojiagou section in northwestern China
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Large magnitude and rapid negative carbon isotope (δ
13
C) excursions in the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (TJB) interval have been proposed as critical evidence for the hypothesis that the emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) triggered global carbon cycle perturbations and the end-Triassic mass extinction (ETE). However, the pattern and timing of δ
13
C variations during the ETE remain poorly constrained. Here I present high-resolution organic carbon isotope (δ
13
C
org
) records from a terrestrial TJB succession continuously exposed along the Haojiagou valley on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China. The δ
13
C chemostratigraphic correlations, combined with the palynological data, indicate that the position of the TJB should be placed at the base of bed 53. Importantly, the results show that two rapid negative carbon isotope excursions at the end Triassic roughly coincide with two episodes of variations in the palynological records. This observation supports the hypothesis that two pulses of biotic crisis during the ETE may have been triggered by two major episodes of CAMP magmatic activity. In addition, the data in this study support an early start for CAMP magmatic activity in the early Rhaetian, which may have led to a global carbon cycle perturbation and the related biotic crisis or turnover.
Salivary Antioxidant Profile in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Periodontitis
Authors: Sredojevic Stefan I. , Dolijanovic Slavica Pavlov , Dozic Ivan , Pficer Jovana Kuzmanovic , Aleksic Zoran , Nikolic-Jakoba Natasa S. 
Published: April 2023

Objective. The aim of the present study was to compare periodontal status and antioxidant profile in unstimulated saliva of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with periodontitis and systemically healthy periodontitis patients. Design. Twenty patients with established diagnoses of systemic sclerosis and periodontitis (SSc group) and 20 systemically healthy individuals with periodontitis (P group) were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal parameters (clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and gingival index (GI)) and concentration of uric acid (UA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in unstimulated saliva samples were assessed. Results. There were significantly higher mean values of CAL (

4.8
±
0.21

mm

versus

3.18
±
0.17

mm

;

p
≤
0.001

) and GR (

1.66
±
0.90

mm

versus

0.46
±
0.54

mm

;

p
≤
0.001

) in the SSc group when compared to the P group. Significantly higher level of GPX (

p
≤
0.001

) and SOD (

p
≤
0.001

) in unstimulated saliva was detected in the SSc group in comparison with the P group. The specific activity of UA did not significantly differ between the two groups (

p
=
0.083

). Conclusion. The results may indicate higher periodontal destruction and antioxidant perturbations in unstimulated saliva of SSc patients with periodontitis compared to systemically healthy periodontitis patients.
Dissociable Contributions of Thalamic-Subregions to Cognitive Impairment in Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Li Hao , Cai Mengfei , Jacob Mina A. , Norris David G. , Marques José P. , Chamberland Maxime , Duering Marco , Kessels Roy P.C. , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Tuladhar Anil M. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Structural network damage is a potentially important mechanism by which cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) can cause cognitive impairment. As a central hub of the structural network, the role of thalamus in SVD-related cognitive impairments remains unclear. We aimed to determine the associations between the structural alterations of thalamic subregions and cognitive impairments in SVD.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 205 SVD participants without thalamic lacunes from the third follow-up (2020) of the prospective RUN DMC study (Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Cohort), which was initiated in 2006, Nijmegen, were included. Cognitive functions included processing speed, executive function, and memory. Probabilistic tractography was performed from thalamus to 6 cortical regions, followed by connectivity-based thalamic segmentation to assess each thalamic subregion volume and connectivity (measured by mean diffusivity [MD] of the connecting white matter tracts) with the cortex. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was conducted to identify the volumes or connectivity of the total thalamus and 6 thalamic subregions that have the strongest association with cognitive performance. Linear regression and mediation analyses were performed to test the association of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-selected thalamic subregion volume or MD with cognitive performance, while adjusting for age and education.

Results:

We found that higher MD of the thalamic-motor tract was associated with worse processing speed (β=−0.27;
P
<0.001), higher MD of the thalamic-frontal tract was associated with worse executive function (β=−0.24;
P
=0.001), and memory (β=−0.28;
P
<0.001), respectively. The mediation analysis showed that MD of thalamocortical tracts mediated the association between corresponding thalamic subregion volumes and the cognitive performances in 3 domains.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that the structural alterations of thalamus are linked to cognitive impairment in SVD, largely depending on the damage pattern of the white matter tracts connecting specific thalamic subregions and cortical regions.
Comparison of Spatiotemporal Distribution and Occurrence Conditions of Large and Small Hail Events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Zheng Dong , Zhang Yijun , Yao Wen , Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Using hail records at national meteorological stations for 2014–18, ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and Doppler weather radar data, the spatiotemporal distribution of hail events (HEs) in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is revealed, and the environmental conditions and hailstorm structures corresponding to large hail (diameter ≥ 20 mm) events (LHEs) and small hail (2 ≤ diameter < 20 mm) events (SHEs) are compared. It is found that, although HEs may be more frequent in mountainous areas, most LHEs occur in the plains and near the foot of the mountains. The HE frequency peaks in June, and the average hailstone size is larger during May and June. According to daytime records, the HEs predominantly occur in the afternoon and evening, whereas LHE tends to be more in the evening. Comparison of environmental parameters suggests that, relative to SHEs, LHEs tend to correspond to higher 2-m temperature, a wetter lower layer, a larger difference in relative humidity between 925 and 500 hPa, greater unstable energy, and stronger wind shear. Hailstorms associated with LHEs tend to feature greater mesoscale rotation velocity than those associated with SHEs. Hailstorms usually show rapid increase (RI) in vertically integrated liquid (VIL) before hailstones are observed. A significant difference between the hailstorms associated with LHEs and SHEs is that the former has an obviously longer time interval between the end of VIL RI and the occurrence of hailfall, indicating that the large hail size benefits from the constant supply of liquid water and the hail can be lifted by updrafts for a long time.

Significance Statement
Whereas previous studies have predominantly focused on large hail (diameter ≥ 20 mm) events (LHEs) and their yielding conditions, this study was devoted to examining the difference between the LHEs and small hail (2 ≤ diameter < 20 mm) events in their associated atmospheric environments and storm structures. The interesting new insight is that the hailstorms yielding LHEs tend to feature a significantly longer time interval after the rapid increase of vertically integrated liquid and before hailfall. This study can provide a reference for the early warning of the scale of hail, which is one of the difficulties of weather services.
Fast and Slow Responses of the Tropical Pacific to Radiative Forcing in Northern High Latitudes
Authors: Tseng Hung-Yi , Hwang Yen-Ting , Xie Shang-Ping , Tseng Yu-Heng , Kang Sarah M. , Luongo Matthew T. , Eisenman Ian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the transient evolution of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) responses to a constant northern high-latitude solar heating in fully coupled CESM 1.2. The study identifies two stages through multiple ensemble runs. 1) In the first 3 years, a hemispherically asymmetric pattern emerges, caused by air–sea interactions associated with the anomalous cross-equatorial Hadley cell. The northern tropics experience warming that is blocked north of the equator by the intertropical convergence zone. The southeast Pacific cooling reaches the equatorial region and is amplified by the equatorial Ekman divergence. 2) Within a decade, the equatorial cooling is replaced by warming in the eastern equatorial basin. The anomalous warming that appears faster than the time scales of the oceanic ventilation is attributed to anomalous meridional heat convergence and weakening of the northern subtropical cell. Our findings highlight the influence of ocean dynamics on the temporal and spatial evolution of tropical SST response to hemispherically asymmetric heating. The initial cooling caused by Ekman divergence delays the arrival of slow warming, while initial wind and temperature anomalies set the stage for the weakening of the subtropical cell. The results have important implications for understanding the evolution of tropical SST patterns in observational records and future climate change simulations, as they show strong interhemispheric temperature asymmetry in the extratropics.