bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A BERT-Span Model for Named Entity Recognition in Rehabilitation Medicine
Authors: Zhong Jinhong , Xuan Zhanxiang , Wang Kang , Cheng Zhou 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background.Due to multiple reasons such as the increasing aging of the population and the upgrading of people's health consumption needs, the demand group for rehabilitation medical care is expanding. At present, there are many problems in China's rehabilitation medical care, such as insufficient awareness and shortage of talents. It is especially important to enhance public awareness of rehabilitation and improve the quality of rehabilitation services. Named entity recognition, as the initial task of information processing, can automatically extract rehabilitation medical entities to serve downstream tasks such as information decision system and medical knowledge graph. Methods.To this end, we construct the BERT-Span model to complete the rehabilitation medicine named entity recognition task. First, we collect rehabilitation information from multiple sources to build a corpus in the field of rehabilitation medicine, and fine-tune BERT with the rehabilitation medicine corpus. For rehabilitation medicine text, we use BERT to extract the feature vectors of rehabilitation medicine entities in the text, and use the span model to complete the annotation of rehabilitation medicine entities. Result.Compared to existing baseline models, our model obtained the highest F1 value for the named entity recognition task in the rehabilitation medicine corpus.Conclusions.The experiment results show that our method achieves better results in both long medical entities and nested medical entities recognition in rehabilitation medical texts.
Efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and hypotension
Authors: Wu Anhu , Lin ZongWei , Yang Zhuohao , Zhang Hui , Hu Jiayi , Wang Yi , Tang Rui , Ji Xiaoping , Lu HuiXia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
It is not clear whether sacubitril/valsartan is beneficial for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and low systolic blood pressure (SBP). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of sacubitril/valsartan in HFrEF patients with SBP <100 mmHg under real-world conditions.
Methods and results
An observational study was conducted on 117 patients, 40.2% of whom had SBP <100 mmHg, and 59.8% had SBP ≥100 mmHg. Sacubitril/valsartan target doses were achieved in 52.4% of patients with SBP <100 mmHg and 70.0% of patients with SBP ≥100 mmHg. The effect of sacubitril/valsartan on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was observed in both SBP categories, with a 10.8% increase in patients with SBP <100 mmHg (P < 0.001) and a 14.0% increase in patients with SBP ≥100 mmHg (P < 0.001). A reduction in the concentration of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) was similar between patients with SBP <100 mmHg and SBP ≥100 mmHg (1627.5 pg/ml and 1340.1 pg/ml, respectively; P = 0.75). The effects of sacubitril/valsartan on SBP were significant inverse across both SBP categories (P = 0.001), with an increase of 7.5 mmHg in patients with SBP<100 mmHg and a reduction of 11.5 mmHg in patients with SBP ≥100 mmHg. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of symptomatic hypotension, worsening renal function, hyperkalemia, angioedema, or stroke.
Conclusion
In a real-life setting in patients with HFrEF and hypotension, sacubitril/valsartan was generally well tolerated and resulted in left ventricular reverse remodeling.
Microarray expression profile of exosomal circRNAs from high glucose stimulated human renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Sha Yan-Hua , Lai Li-Sha , Zhang Lu , Ke Pei-Feng , Yu Ke-Wei , Fang Xiu-Zhu , Deng Ren-Tang , Wan Ze-Min , Wu Xiao-Bin , Han Guang , Jie Yu-Bang , Song Lan-Lan , Huang Xian-Zhang , Fu Wen-Jin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with a wealth of functions. Recently, circRNAs have been identified as important regulators of diabetic nephropathy (DN) for their stability and enrichment in exosomes. However, the role of circRNAs from exosome of tubular epithelial cells in DN development has not been fully illustrated. In our study, microarray technology was used to analyze circRNA expression in cell supernatant exosomes isolated from HK-2 cells with or without high glucose (HG) treatment. We found the exosome concentration was higher in HG stimulated HK-2 cells compared with controls. 235 circRNAs were significantly increased and 458 circRNAs were significantly decreased in the exosomes of HG group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway analysis indicated that circRNA parental genes were associated with glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and inflammatory process, which are important in DN development. Further analysis of circRNA/miRNA interaction indicated that some differentially expressed circRNAs interacted with one or more binding sites of miRNAs, which are associated with diabetes or DN. In conclusion, our results indicate that exosomal circRNAs may be promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and play a critical role in the progression of DN.
Comparative analysis of the Potter Tower and a new Track Sprayer for the application of residual sprays in the laboratory
Authors: Bonds Jane , Parsons George , Walker Kyle J. , Lees Rosemary Susan , Nimmo Derric , Clayton John , Murphy Annabel , Malone Dave 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Efforts to evaluate the residual efficacy of new IRS formulations have identified limitations with the industry standard laboratory sprayer, the Potter Spray Tower (PT). Calibrating the PT can be time-consuming, and the dosing of surfaces may not be as accurate nor uniform as previously assumed. To address these limitations the Micron Horizontal Track Sprayer with Spray Cabinet (TS) was developed to provide higher efficiency, ease of operation, and deposition uniformity equal to or better than the PT. A series of studies showed that deposition volumes could be accurately calibrated for both spray systems. However, the uniformity of spray deposits was higher for the TS compared to the PT. Less than 12% of the volume sprayed using the PT reaches the target surface, with the remaining 88% unaccounted for, presumably vented out of the fume hood or coating the internal surfaces of the tower. In contrast, the TS deposits the majority of the spray on the floor of the spray chamber, with the rest contained therein. The total sprayed surface area in one run of the TS is 1.2 m2, and the operational zone for spray target placement is 0.7 m2, meaning that 58% of the applied volume deposits onto the targets. The TS can treat multiple surfaces (18 standard 15x15 cm tiles) in a single application, whereas the PT treats one surface at a time and a maximum area of around 0.0225m2. An assessment of the time taken to perform spraying, including the setup, calibration and cleaning, showed that the cost of application using the TS was around 25–35× less per tile sprayed. A standard operating procedure (SOP) for calibration and use of both the Potter Tower and Track Sprayer are presented. Overall, the TS represents a significant improvement over the PT in terms of the efficiency and accuracy of IRS formulation applications onto test substrates and offers a useful additional tool for researchers and manufacturers wanting to screen new active ingredients or evaluate the efficacy of IRS or other sprayable formulations for insect control.
Mortality of hospitalized trauma patients in Abu Dhabi Emirate: Data from a National Trauma Registry
Authors: Alao David O. , Cevik Arif Alper , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aim
To study the epidemiology and pattern of trauma-related deaths of hospitalised patients in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates, using the DOH trauma registry of Abu Dhabi in order to improve trauma management and injury prevention.
Methods
Data were retrieved from The Abu Dhabi Trauma Registry which prospectively collects trauma data of all hospitalized patients from 7 major trauma centres in the Abu Dhabi Emirate. We have studied all trauma patients who died on arrival or after admission to these hospitals from January 2014 to December 2019.
Results
There were 453 deaths constituting 13.5% of all trauma deaths in the Abu Dhabi Emirate. 82% of the deaths were young males with a median (IQR) age of 33 (25–45) years. 85% of the deaths occurred in the emergency department (ED) and the intensive care unit (ICU). Motor vehicle collisions (63.8%) and falls (19%), causing mainly head injuries (45.5%) or injuries to two body regions (24.7%), were the two predominant mechanisms. Two out of the seven hospitals admitted close to 50% of all the trauma cases but accounted for only 25.8% of the total deaths, while 75% occurred in the remaining five hospitals (p < 0.001). Those who died in the ward (7%) were significantly older, with a median (IQR) age of 65.5 (31.75–82.25) years (p < 0.001) and 34.4% of them were females (p = 0.09). The median (IQR) GCS of those who died in the ward was 15 (5.75-15) compared with 3 (3–3) for those who died in the ED and ICU (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Death from trauma predominantly affects young males in our setting. Motor traffic collisions and falls are the two leading causes. Over 85% of hospital deaths occurred in the ICU and ED from head injuries and injuries affecting two body regions. Primary prevention of traffic accidents through legislation and enforcement can mitigate prehospital death, while secondary prevention targeting improved care in the ED and ICU will improve in-hospital mortality.
Impact Evaluation of Biopesticide Adoption on Farmers' Rice Production Efficiency in China
Authors: Lai Xiaoimn , Li Zhaoliang , Zhang Lu , Zhang Junbiao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Biopesticides are biologically beneficial to the disease and pest control in agricultural production. However, the traditional view is that biopesticides currently lack economy, making the promotion to farmers in developing countries slow. Based on the perspective of production efficiency under stochastic frontier analysis, we took rice farmers in China as an example to demonstrate the economic effects of biopesticide adoption and its heterogeneity in developing countries. The treatment effect model showed that the adoption had indeed led to an increase in farmers’ productivity, and the external factors, such as cooperatives, plot size, and field culture, as well as their attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, contribute to the adoption. Nonlinear regression further indicated the adoption dosage had an inverted u-shaped influence on efficiency, which peaked when biopesticide accounted for 50% of total pesticide input. Moreover, according to quantile regression, the marginal effect of its dosage depended on the efficiency distribution; the more backward the production, the greater the marginal change of efficiency caused by a unit use.
Attosecond Transient Interferometry
Authors: Kneller Omer , Mor Chen , Yaffe Noa , Krüger Michael , Azoury Doron , Federman Yotam , Rajak Debobrata , Bruner Barry , Ivanov Misha (Mikhail) , Smirnova Olga , Patchkovskii Serguei , Mairesse Yann , Dudovich Nirit 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Attosecond transient absorption resolves the instantaneous response of a quantum system as it interacts with a laser field, by mapping its sub-cycle dynamics onto the absorption spectrum of attosecond pulses. However, the quantum dynamics are imprinted in both amplitude and phase of the attosecond pulses. Here, we introduce attosecond transient interferometry and measure the transient phase, while following its evolution within the optical cycle. We demonstrate how such phase information enables us to decouple the multiple quantum paths induced in a light-driven atom, isolating their coherent contribution. Recording the phase of each quantum path allows us to trace back their temporal evolution, following both resonant and non-resonant excitations. Attosecond transient interferometry has the potential to reveal the sub-cycle dynamics in more complex systems such as molecules and solids, disentangling the role of multiple quantum paths, resolving their coherent properties and coupling mechanisms.
Efficacy of Different Dosage Levels and Routes of Inoculation of Tilmicosin in a Natural Outbreak of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Zielinski G. C. , Piscitelli H. G. , Perez-Monti H. 
Published: February 2023

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a transmissible disease of cattle, affecting beef and dairy herds worldwide. Although several factors can be involved in its pathogenesis, Moraxella bovis, a gram negative bacterium, can be considered the etiological agent. Since the disease can produce considerable economic loss in affected herds, several preventive and therapeutic tools are utilized to control it. Current vaccines are not totally effective to prevent the disease, so once an outbreak is detected, administration of antibiotics is indicated in order to avoid spread of infection within the herd and to obtain a more rapid cure of affected animals.
The goal of this work was to test the efficacy of tilmicosin in a natural outbreak of IBK.
Comparison of Feeding an Oral Electrolyte in the Milk to an Oral Electrolyte Fed Separately in Water to Calves with Diarrhea
Authors: Goodell G. M. , Campbell J. , Carstensen L. 
Published: February 2023

Oral rehydration of calves with diarrhea is an important component of their treatment. Delivering oral rehydration solutions (ORS) can be time consuming and labor intensive. Most ORS products require separate administration from milk so that proper energy levels and adequate absorption of milk from the gut occurs. The ability to feed ORS directly in the milk has an advantage of time and labor savings.
The purpose of this study was to compare two commercial products (RE-SO RB™ and Diaque ™) using their labeled administration for treating uncomplicated diarrhea in calves. RE-SO RB™ was designed for feeding separately in water whereas DiaqueTM was designed for feeding directly in milk. Parameters monitored during the study included morbidity, mortality, and average daily gain (ADG) which was recorded post treatment and at the time of weaning.
Evaluation of Thoracic Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Early Bovine Respiratory Disease of Feedlot Calves in Western Canada
Authors: Booker C. W. , Pollock C. , Abutarbush S. M. , Vogstad A. , Jim G. K. , Hannon S. J. 
Published: February 2023

It is generally accepted that early recognition and treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) improves both prognosis and outcomes, while delayed diagnosis and treatment may result in treatment failure. Methods used to detect BRD in feedlot cattle include the assessment of animal demeanor and behavior by trained feedlot workers ("pen checkers") and evaluation oftransrectal temperature. The serial use of these two methods is currently the most practical, economically feasible, and common means of detecting BRD in feedlot cattle. However, recognized limitations of these methods may result in cattle without BRD being treated unnecessarily, while animals with BRD may remain undetected or be subject to delayed detection, all of which have adverse animal well-being and economic implications.
This project investigated the use of thoracic ultrasonography (US) as a diagnostic tool for the assessment of early BRD in feedlot cattle, and evaluated associations between US findings and subsequent animal health and production outcomes.
Disposition
Authors: Busby Darrell 
Published: February 2023

Disposition or temperament of cattle is a measure of the animal's relative docility, wildness, and handling ability during processing in the pen as well as in the handling facilities. Easily excitable animals compromise both their own safety and the safety of handlers. The Iowa Tri-County Steer Carcass Futurity collects sires, dams, and birth dates from cow-calf producers who retain ownership, as well as growth data, health treatments, disposition scores, and complete carcass data on steers and heifers. In the last 10 years data has been collected on 66,620 head of cattle from 23 states and Manitoba. Cattle are disposition scored at on-test, reimplant, and first sort; the cattle in the second harvest group are scored one additional time. Based on their average disposition score, the cattle were grouped as docile, restless, and aggressive.
When compared to docile cattle, aggressive cattle gained less in the feedlot (2.91 vs 3.17 lb/day; 1.32 vs 1.44 kg/day), produced fewer Choice carcasses (58.1 vs 72.4%), more Select carcasses (36.2 vs 23.3%), and the black-hided cattle produced a lower percentage of Certified Angus Beef (CAB) carcasses (14.3 vs 29.1 %). Morbidity rates were similar across disposition scores; however, death loss increased significantly as disposition scores increased. Non-replacement heifers had higher disposition scores than steer mates, as cow-calf producers selected for more docile replacement heifers. Average profit for docile cattle was $46.63 per head compared to $7.62 per head for aggressive cattle.
Adapting beef practice to future realities
Authors: Jim G. Kee 
Published: February 2023

The total number of beef cows in North America has significantly declined because of lack of profitability, drought, and increasing carcass weights.
Moreover, there has been considerable consolidation of the beef industry at all levels, from the cow-calf producer to the retailer. The number of cattle producers has declined and the size of operations has increased (Figures 1, 2, and 3). The beef business has transformed from "mom and pop" operations into large-scale, sophisticated enterprises that are profit-motivated and are achieving economies of scale by spreading fixed costs over a large number of units. As a result, there are less total patients (Figures 4 and 5) and customers for beef cattle veterinarians. Carcass weights have increased in the face of declining cattle numbers (Figures 6 and 7), thereby maintaining tonnage of beef supply to meet consumer demand. In addition, the opportunity to see these patients has been further reduced as beef producers have assumed the role of performing many of the task-oriented activities that have traditionally been reserved for veterinarians, such as primary care and pregnancy diagnosis.
Difficult conversations with clients
Authors: Mays Glennon 
Published: February 2023

Public service encounters occasionally become controversial. Even the most seasoned veterinary clinician practiced in the art and science of clinical conversation faces confrontational dialogue. In this presentation, dynamics for basic conversation interaction are explored to ensure preliminary understanding of Comfort Zone communication prior to exploring reasons for conflicting communication with clientele. Two basic categories summarize conflict between veterinarians and clients: expectations are misaligned and/or flexibility is insufficient between the two parties for simple resolve. The conversation shifts from the conversational Comfort Zone category to the Challenge Zone category with the very next 'Yes, but I ...... ' that is spoken.
At least four options for response exist when conflict arises. Avoidance, Competition, Adaptation, and Cooperation generalize the choices. This discussion describes each response and its effect on the outcome, making the student of conversation dynamics internally aware which choice each party is making during the course of the conflict. Appropriate modification is then possible for redirection of communication. Overall, the presentation provides conflict analysis, enabling the trained professional to anticipate difficulty and thereby circumvent the negative encounter, or possess the tools for maneuvering when unexpected difficulty arises or bypass attempts fail. Unification of goals by both parties for the successful outcome of patient trouble produces success. Subsequent strengthening of the client-veterinary relationship ensures foundational growth for future positive encounter.
Feeding heat-treated colostrum reduces morbidity in preweaned dairy calves
Authors: Godden S. M. , Smolenski D. J. , Donahue M. , Oakes J. M. , Wells S. , Fedrow J. 
Published: February 2023

Previous studies have demonstrated that batch pasteurizers can be used on farms to heat-treat bovine colostrum at 140QF (60QC) for 60 minutes, resulting in a significant reduction in bacterial exposure to the calf while maintaining overall colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. However, no studies have demonstrated that feeding heat-treated colostrum results in improved calf health.
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted using 1,071 newborn calves from six commercial dairy farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin, with the primary objective being to describe the effects of feeding heat-treated colostrum on serum immunoglobulin G concentration and health in the pre-weaning period. A secondary objective was to complete a path analysis to identify intermediate factors that may explain how feeding heat-treated colostrum reduced risk for illness.
coefficient of determination between NEFA and BHBA and the association between their ratio and the development of disease in healthy cows sampled during the post-partum period
Authors: Ospina P. A. , Nydam D. V. , Stokol T. , Overton T. R. 
Published: February 2023

As a consequence of lagging dry matter intake and increased energy demands, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) is released into the bloodstream from adipose tissue to be used as a source of energy in dairy cows in early lactation. Nonesterified fatty acid is used for milk fat synthesis, ketone production (e.g., -hydroxybutyrate; BHBA) and liver triglyceride accumulation. Nonesterified fatty acid and BHBA can be used as markers of negative energy balance (NEB) and elevated concentrations in the transition period have been associated with an increased risk of developing disease.
The multiple pathways available for NEFA may result in a non-linear relationship between NEFA and BHBA concentrations. Additionally, the ratio between these two metabolites may differ in sub populations, e.g., subclinically ketotic (SCK) cows, and cows with elevated NEFA. Hence, the ratio of these metabolites may be a useful parameter for further understanding the biological mechanisms of adaption or maladaptation to NEB. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the R2 coefficient of determination between NEFA and BHBA in apparently healthy cows three to 14 DIM, and to estimate the association between the ratio of NEFA to BHBA and the subsequent development of displaced abomasum (DA), clinical ketosis (CK), or metritis (MET).