bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slow Slip Event in the Focal Area of the 1975 Kurile Tsunami Earthquake Inferred from Unusual Long-Term Seismic Quiescence
Authors: Katsumata Kei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In subduction zones, slow slip events (SSEs) have been observed in the portion deeper than the downdip edge of seismogenic zone. However, since it is far offshore from geodetic networks on land, shallow SSEs near the trench axis are hardly observed. Despite of less quantitative than seafloor geodetic observations, a method for inferring the shallow SSEs based on seismic quiescence was presented in this study. Unusual decrease in occurrence rate of M ≥ 5.0 earthquakes was found in the southwestern Kurile Islands. The occurrence rate was ∼1.3 events/year between 1977 and around 2004 and no earthquake was observed during 16 years after 2004. The spatial pattern of the seismic quiescence can be explained qualitatively by the Coulomb failure stress change due to shallow SSE and its fault plane is on the upper boundary of the subducting Pacific plate in the focal area of the 1975 tsunami earthquake.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review and COSMIN Analysis
Authors: Wang Xin-ai , Li Wen-jing , Liu Hao , Xiao Hong-ling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground:Functional dyspepsia (FD) as a non-organic disease, patient self-reporting of its symptoms becomes an important component of clinical outcome assessment. We performed a systematic review using Consensus Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines to identify the best available patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) of FD.Methods:The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched four databases with no date limit, looking for previously confirmed PROMs for evaluating FD symptoms. An overall rating was then assigned based upon COSMIN guidelines, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the level of evidence for psychometric properties of included PROMs.Results:Thirty-three articles covering outcome indicators of 24 patient reports were included. The Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), Dyspepsia Symptom Severity Index (DSSI), Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale (LPDS), Functional Dyspepsia Symptom Diary (FDSD), and Experience Sampling Method-Patient Reported Outcome Measure (ESM‐PROM) showed sufficient content validity and internal consistency, resulting in a Class A recommendation.Conclusion:NDI, DSSI, LPDS, FDSD and ESM‐PROM are the best currently available PROM to assess FD. However, they failed to assess several important areas. Future research can be continuously improved on this basis.
Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of air quality in Hunan Province: investigation based on functional data model
Authors: Li Ke , Liu Ya , Meng Zhenju , Li Jiao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

With rapid economic growth and restriction by the adverse geographical and meteorological conditions, air quality control and improvement in Hunan Province are difficult. Based on the daily air quality data of Hunan Province from 2015 to 2019, in this paper, functional data analysis techniques (including principal component analysis, regression model, time series prediction model) were used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics, influencing factors, and future development trends of Air Pollution Index (AQI). The results showed that (1) in terms of time, the proportion of AQI days increased from 79.2% in 2015 to 89.9% in 2019, (2) from the spatial dimension, the air quality of Hunan Province is worse in the eastern, central, and northern regions, (3) among the meteorological factors, temperature and rainfall contributed to the improvement of air quality, but wind speed did not contribute to air quality improvement, (4) regarding socio-economic factors, industrial structure and urbanization by country were the main reasons for the deterioration of air quality in Hunan Province. Compared with the traditional time series model, the forecast precision of the functional time series model was higher.
Assessing cultural safety in general practice consultations for Indigenous patients: Protocol for a mixed methods sequential embedded design study.
Authors: Brumpton Kay , Ward Raelene , Evans Rebecca , Neill Henry , Woodall Hannah , McArthur Lawrie , Gupta Tarun Sen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Assessment of cultural safety in general practice consultations for Indigenous patients is a complex notion. Design and development of any assessment tool needs to be cognisant that cultural safety is determined by Indigenous peoples and incorporates defined components of cultural safety and current educational theory. Consideration of how social, historical, and political determinants of health and well-being impact upon the cultural safety of a consultation is also important. Given this complexity, we assume that no single method of assessment will be adequate to determine if general practice (GP) registrars are demonstrating or delivering culturally safe care. As such, we propose that development and assessment of cultural safety can be conceptualised using a model that considers these variables. Methods: This protocol will be situated in a pragmatic philosophical position to explore cultural safety primarily from the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients’ perspective with triangulation and validation of findings with the GP and GP registrar perspective, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community, and the medical education community. The study will integrate both quantitative and qualitative data through three sequential phases. Data collection will be through survey, semi-structured interviews, an adapted nominal group technique, and a Delphi questionnaire. Data will be analysed through a content analysis approach to identify components of an assessment of cultural safety for GP registrars. Discussion: This study will be one of the first to explore how cultural safety, as determined by Indigenous peoples, can be assessed in general practice consultations. This protocol is shared to stimulate awareness and discussion around this significant issue and prompt other studies in this area.
Individual heterogeneity in ixodid tick infestation and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in a northern community of small mammalian hosts
Authors: Lindsø Lars , Anders Jason L. , Viljugrein Hildegunn , Herland Anders , Stigum Vetle M. , Easterday W. Ryan , Mysterud Atle 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Heterogeneous aggregation of parasites between individual hosts is common and regarded as an important factor in understanding transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. Lyme disease is vectored by generalist tick species, yet we have a limited understanding of how individual heterogeneities within small mammal host populations affect aggregation of ticks and likelihood of infection. Male hosts often have higher parasite and infection levels than females, but whether this is linked to sexual body size dimorphism remains uncertain. Here we analysed how host species, sex, and body mass influenced Ixodes ricinus tick infestations and the infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in three species of small mammals involved in the enzootic transmission cycle of Lyme disease in Norway from 2018 to 2022. Larval and nymphal ticks were found on 98% and 34% of all individual hosts, respectively. In bank voles and wood mice, both larval and nymphal tick infestation and infection probability increased with body mass, and it increased more with mass for males than for females. In the common shrew, there was no marked sex difference and a weaker increase in tick burden with body mass, infection probability peaked at lower body mass, and females were more likely to be infected than males. Sex-biases in infestation did not correspond with level of sexual body mass dimorphism across species. This study contributes to our understanding of how individual heterogeneity among small mammalian hosts influences I. ricinus tick aggregation and prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. at northern latitudes.
The Selection of Chief Residents across Residency Programs at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Mirabal Susan C. , O'Rourke Paul , Wright Scott 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Chief residents have a unique role in graduate medical education (GME). They not only connect residents with program and hospital leadership, but also advocate for the wellbeing and educational priorities of trainees. Previous studies have focused on describing the characteristics of chief residents (CRs), however little is known about how CRs are selected across GME programs.
Methods
One-on-one semi-structured interviews with all (n = 21) GME program directors at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine were conducted from January to March 2022. Investigators independently coded the transcripts using an inductive approach to categorize meaningful segments of text; this culminated in the identification of explanatory themes.
Results
From discussions with 21 program directors, four themes were identified: (1) identifying candidates: timing, recruitment, nominations, as well as the desirable attributes; (2) application processes: expression of intent, submission of materials, and participation in interviews; (3) selection: voting, discussions leading to consensus, and program director intimately involved in the choice(s); and (4) confidence in process and outcomes.
Conclusions
Our results provide a deeper understanding of the nuances associated with the selection of CRs. It is hoped that the descriptions of the similarities and differences across GME programs will prompt reflection about what is done at one institution such that all programs can consider what are the best practices to serve their individual goals and needs.
Linking Multivariate Statistical Methods and Water Quality Indices to Evaluate the Natural and Anthropogenic Geochemical Processes Controlling the Water Quality of a Tropical Watershed
Authors: Silva Débora Francisca Morais da , Silva Letícia Mariana Lopes , Garnier Jeremie , Araújo Daniel Ferreira , Silva Lidiane Amorim da , Mulholland Daniel Santos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The improvement of water management requires monitoring techniques that accurately evaluate water quality status and detect the effects of land use changes on water chemistry. This study aimed to evaluate how multivariate statistical methods and water quality indices can be applied together to evaluate the processes controlling water chemical composition and the overall water quality status of a tropical watershed. Thirty-four water samples were collected in the Formoso River basin, located on the border of the Amazon Forest. Water parameters were measured in situ using a multiparameter and in the lab using spectroscopic and volumetric techniques. The water quality dataset was interpreted through principal component analysis, multivariate linear regression, and water quality indices. Statistical methods allowed us to identify the sources and geochemical processes controlling water quality chemistry, which were carbonate dissolution, runoff/erosion, nutrient input due to anthropogenic activities and redox reactions in flooded zones. They were also used to create linear functions to evaluate the effects of land use changes on the geochemical processes controlling water chemistry. Conversely, the water quality indices provide information about the overall condition of the water. The Weight-Arithmetic Quality Index correctly evaluates water suitability for its multiple uses, according to the Brazilian guidelines. Conversely, the Ontario Water Quality Index is not suitable to evaluate the water quality of tropical rivers, since the usual higher water temperature and the low oxygen contents associated with tropical environments result in biased water quality evaluations by this index.
Guilt Detection in Text: A Step Towards Understanding Complex Emotions
Authors: Meque Abdul Gafar Manuel , Hussain Nisar , Sidorov Grigori , Gelbukh Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We introduce a novel Natural Language Processing (NLP) task called Guilt detection, focused on detecting guilt in text. We identify guilt as a complex and important emotion that has not been studied in NLP before, and we aim to provide a more fine-grained analysis of it. To address the lack of publicly available corpora for guilt detection, we create a dataset called VIC, which contains 4622 texts from three existing emotion detection datasets that we binarize into guilt and no-guilt classes. We experiment with traditional machine learning methods using bag-of-words and term frequency-inverse document frequency features, achieving a 72% f1 score with the highest-performing model. Our study provides a first step towards understanding guilt in text and opens the door for future research in this area.
Adherence to a Lifestyle Monitoring System in Patients with Heart Disease: protocol for the Care-On prospective observational trial
Authors: Goevaerts Wilhelmina Francisca , Limpt Nicole Tenbült - Van , Kop Willem Johan , Birk Max Valentin , Liu Yunjie , Brouwers Rutger Willem Maurice , Lu Yuan , Kemps Hareld Marijn Clemens 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Lifestyle factors such as physical fitness, dietary habits, mental stress, and sleep quality, are strong predictors of the occurrence, clinical course, and overall treatment outcomes of common cardiovascular diseases. However, these lifestyle factors are rarely monitored, nor used in daily clinical practice and personalized cardiac care. Moreover, non-adherence to long-term self-reporting of these lifestyle factors is common. In the present study, we evaluate adherence to a continuous unobtrusive and patient-friendly lifestyle monitoring system using evidence-based assessment tools.
Methods
In a prospective observational trial (N = 100), the project investigates usability of and adherence to a monitoring system for multiple lifestyle factors relevant to cardiovascular disease, i.e., daily physical activity levels, dietary habits, mental stress, smoking, and sleep quality. Patients with coronary artery disease, valvular disease and arrhythmias undergoing an elective intervention are asked to participate. The monitoring system consists of a secured online platform with a custom-built conversational interface—a chatbot—and a wrist-worn wearable medical device. The wrist-worn device collects continuous objective data on physical activity and the chatbot is used to collect self-report data. Participants collect self-reported lifestyle data via the chatbot for a maximum of 4 days every other week; in the same week physiological data are collected for 7 days for 24 hours. Data collection starts one week before the intervention and continues until 1-year after discharge. Via a dashboard, patients can observe their lifestyle measures and adherence to self-reporting, set and track personal goals, and share their lifestyle data with practitioners and relatives. The primary outcome of the trial is adherence to using the integrated platform for self-tracking data. The secondary outcomes include system usability, determinants of adherence and the relation between baseline lifestyle behaviour and long-term patient-relevant outcomes.
Discussion
Systematic monitoring during daily life is essential to gain insights into patients’ lifestyle behaviour. In this context, adherence to monitoring systems is critical for cardiologists and other care providers to monitor recovery after a cardiac intervention and to detect clinical deterioration. With this project, we will evaluate patients’ adherence to lifestyle monitoring technology. This work contributes to the understanding of patient-centered data collection and interpretation, to enable personalized care after cardiac interventions in order to ultimately improve patient-relevant outcomes and reduce health care costs.
Trial registration:
Netherlands Trial Registry (NTR) NL9861. Registered 6th of November 2021.
Infrared Nano-Imaging of Dirac Magnetoexcitons in Graphene
Authors: Dapolito Michael , Tsuneto Makoto , Zheng Wenjun , Wehmeier Lukas , Xu Suheng , Chen Xinzhong , Sun Jiacheng , Du Zengyi , Shao Yinming , Jing Ran , Zhang Shuai , Bercher Adrien , Dong Yinan , Halbertal Dorri , Ravindran Vibhu , Zhou Zijian , Gozar Adrian , Carr G. L. , Li Qiang , Kuzmenko Alexey , Fogler Michael , Basov Dmitri , Du Xu , Liu Mengkun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Magnetic fields can have profound effects on the motion of electrons in quantum materials. Two-dimensional (2D) electron systems subject to strong magnetic fields are expected to exhibit quantized Hall conductivity, chiral edge currents, and distinctive collective modes referred to as magnetoplasmons and magnetoexcitons. Generating these propagating collective modes in charge-neutral samples and imaging them at their native nanometer length scales have thus far been experimentally elusive tasks. In this study, we visualize propagating magenetoexction polaritons at their native length scales and report their magnetic-field-tunable dispersions in near-charge-neutral graphene. Imaging of these collective modes and their associated opto-electrical responses at the sample edges is enabled by innovations to our cryogenic near-field optical microscope that allows us to nano-image the optical responses of 2D materials in magnetic fields up to 7 Tesla. This novel nano-magneto-optics approach represents a new paradigm for exploring and manipulating magnetopolaritons in specimens with low carrier doping via harnessing high magnetic fields.
Illness perception, self-efficacy, health literacy, adherence, and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication – a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Striberger Rebecka , Zarrouk Moncef , Kumlien Christine , Axelsson Malin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Patients with intermittent claudication need lifelong treatment with secondary prevention to prevent cardiovascular events and progression of atherosclerotic disease. Illness perception, health literacy, self-efficacy, adherence to medication treatment, and quality of life are factors influencing patients’ self-management. Knowledge of these factors could be important when planning for secondary prevention in patients with intermittent claudication.
Aim: to compare illness perception, self-efficacy, adherence to treatment, and quality of life in relation to the sex and health literacy of patients with intermittent claudication. Further, it explored changes in self-efficacy, adherence to treatment, and quality of life during the first year after diagnosis.
Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with 128 participants recruited from vascular units in southern Sweden. Data were collected through medical records and questionnaires regarding illness perception, health literacy, self-efficacy, adherence to treatment, and quality of life.
Results: In the subscales in illness perception, patients with sufficient health literacy reported less consequences and lower emotional representations of the intermittent claudication. They also reported higher self-efficacy and higher quality of life than patients with insufficient health literacy. In comparison between men and women in illness perception, women reported higher illness coherence and emotional representations associated with intermittent claudication compared to men. A multiple regression showed that both consequences and adherence were negative predictors of quality of life. When examining changes over time, a significant increase in quality of life was seen between baseline and 12 months, but there were no significant differences in self-efficacy and adherence to treatment.
Conclusion: Illness perception differs in relation to level of health literacy and between men and women. Further, the level of health literacy seems to be of importance for patients’ self-efficacy and quality of life. This illuminates the need for new strategies for improving health literacy, illness perception, and self-efficacy over time. For example, more tailored information regarding secondary prevention could be provided to strengthen self-management to further improve quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication.
Determining and predicting feed intake in crossbred sheep from weaning until maturity
Authors: Theron Pieter Gert , Brand Tertius Swanepoel , Cloete S.W.P. , Zyl J.H.C van 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Access to simple, accurate feed intake models would facilitate decision-making in feedlots as feed costs are a major part of operational expenditure. This study aimed to develop genotype specific feed intake models for South African feedlot lambs. Four ram and four ewe lambs each of eight genotypes were raised under ideal growth conditions from weaning until one year of age. Feed intake and growth were monitored throughout this period. The intake data were then used to fit various models to predict daily feed intake, intake as percentage of body weight, cumulative intake and feed conversion ratio. No satisfactory univariate models could be found for the prediction of daily or percentage intake, but a good fit was found for cumulative intake data (R2 > 0.80). The slope parameters of these linear models show a strong correlation (72%) with feed conversion and can therefore also serve as proxies for feed conversion. A model was also developed that can predict feed conversion ratio with a moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.5) at a given body weight. The cumulative intake model was deemed accurate and simple enough for practical use.
Sirt1 ameliorated cardiac autophagic flux blockage via Prx2 during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Peng Yajie , Cui Jing , Shi Yangyang , Xu Xueli , Wei Bo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cardiac autophagic flux is impaired in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R), leading to intracellular accumulation of autophagosomes and harmful substances, which further aggravates myocardial injury. Notably, Sirt1 has been proved to play an important role in regulating autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes under starvation. However, mechanisms for Sirt1 on MI/R induced autophagic flux impairment remain to be illuminated. Prx2, one member of peroxidoredoxins participating in the regulation of autophagy, is intimately connected to cell survival in MI/R. Therefore, it was necessary to verify the critical role of Sirt1 and Prx2 in the regulation of autophagic flux in MI/R. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cardiomyocytes and MI/R mice were used to assess the role of Sirt1 and Prx2 in cardiac autophagic flux. We found that cardioprotective effect of Sirt1 was dependent on its cardiac autophagic flux regulation in vitro by Chloroquine (CQ), a specific inhibitor of autophagic flux. Adenovirus induced Sirt1 overexpression could promote autophagosome-lysosome fusion via activating Rab7 and Lamp2 leading to the enhanced autophagic flux against MI/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, knockdown of Prx2 aggravated autophagic flux arrest by decreasing expressions of autolysosome fusion proteins. Notably, such beneficial actions of Sirt1 were blocked by the Prx2 silence. Mechanically, our data uncovered a clue, for the first time that acetylation of Prx2 was significantly decreased by Sirt1 overexpression in cardiomyocytes or in whole hearts under physiological or pathological status. These findings have offered a direct proof and new perspective of post-translational modification in the understanding of autophagic flux and MI/R treatment.