bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Links Between Intellectual Humility and Open-Mindedness
Authors: Krumrei-Mancuso Elizabeth J. , Worthington, Jr. Everett L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
“Links Between Intellectual Humility and Open-Mindedness: Does Strength of Belief Matter?” examines the relationship between intellectual humility and open-mindedness in the context of convictions. Intellectual humility and open-mindedness are both challenging yet particularly valuable when it comes to strongly held beliefs. The authors explore how the link between intellectual humility and open-mindedness can weaken for beliefs that are held closely. Yet, intellectual humility, the recognition of the limitations of one’s knowledge, can spur meaningful exploration through open-mindedness, even for strongly held beliefs. Considering contrary perspectives can strengthen a person’s convictions by uncovering additional support for preexisting views or can weaken convictions held only because they were unexamined, unopposed, or founded on faulty information—making room to reformulate convictions. The authors suggest ways to advance understanding of how the strength of beliefs affects the connection between intellectual humility and open-mindedness.
Introduction
Authors: Fibiger Mattias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Suharto launched his Cold War in the wake of the assassination of Indonesia’s most senior army leaders by the September Thirtieth Movement. This introduction charts the chaos that unfolded on the morning of October 1, 1965, as Suharto responded to the murder of his colleagues. It also outlines the national, regional, and global dimensions of Suharto’s Cold War. Suharto mobilized international aid and investment to construct and consolidate his authoritarian government within Indonesia. He internationalized counterrevolution across Southeast Asia and sought to contain Chinese influence in the region. And he linked his anticommunist project to the global Cold War by forging ties with counterrevolutionary powers across the world.
Conclusion
Authors: Fibiger Mattias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This conclusion argues that Suharto’s Cold War reshaped Indonesia, Southeast Asia, and the world. It steered the Indonesia away from political collapse and economic decline and toward a prosperous future, but it also ensured the democracy that emerged in the archipelago after the fall of the New Order would suffer from considerable deficits. It helped ensure that Southeast Asia remained oriented to the Western bloc after the Vietnam War, but it entrenched autocratic political dynasties that continue to menace the region decades later. Finally, it contributed to the decomposition of the Cold War by furthering the derevolutionization of China and the emergence of political Islam as a key international concern. Ultimately, Suharto’s Cold War revealed the pivotal role of capital in the unfolding of the global Cold War.
Existential Suffering
Authors: Lee Virginia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the nature of suffering within a broad theoretical spectrum of the existential experience and care by nurses, particularly in the context of major life transitions. It is helpful to understand the nature of the existential experience to guide person-centered care and address suffering. Specifically, the recognition of existential needs in clinical practice, the delivery of well-timed nursing interventions, and structuring the optimal conditions to promote beneficial existential care will be discussed. Two clinical exemplars are offered to illustrate the role of nurses in addressing existential suffering in the clinical setting.
Suffering of Infants, Parents, and Families
Authors: Abascal Elena , McCarthy Frances T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines how suffering is experienced in the perinatal and neonatal period by patients, their families, and health care providers. The authors consider the role of physical pain in suffering while also exploring emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of suffering. It examines perinatal and neonatal suffering from the perspective of both the baby and those around them, within a variety of contexts including perinatal losses, prenatal diagnoses, and in the neonatal intensive care unit. It considers the concept of prenatal suffering in babies diagnosed with life-limiting conditions, genetic anomalies, or chronic conditions and the challenges parents of medically complex babies face before and after birth. Concepts including liminality and disenfranchised grief are used to illustrate the causes of anxiety and distress among parents of critically ill infants or those who have experienced a perinatal loss. Finally, this chapter discusses the effect of suffering on health care providers and the concept of resilience as it applies to both parents and nurses.
Suffering in the Context of Cancer
Authors: Wisniewski Renee , Marcus Blima 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the suffering that may occur throughout the trajectory of a patient’s experience with cancer. Commonly reported symptoms of suffering in cancer—including psychological, physical, social, and existential—are defined and described. Suffering is explored from initial diagnosis through survivorship with attention to the impacts of systemic and structural stressors, such as financial strain and racism. The unique suffering experiences of “the sandwich generation”; adolescents and young adults (AYAs); Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC); and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) patients with cancer are used as exemplars to emphasize the unique needs of diverse people and populations. The chapter provides nurses with strategies they can utilize to alleviate suffering among patients with cancer and their families.
Suffering of Nurses
Authors: Rushton Cynda Hylton , Nelson Katie E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nurses play pivotal roles in caring for patients, families, and communities in various contexts, positioning them to experience their own personal suffering and distress. Their suffering includes physical, psychological, spiritual and moral dimensions. This chapter explores sources of nurses’ suffering and discusses opportunities for responding to these challenges at individual and systems levels. Methods such as applying the G.R.A.C.E. process to cultivate the conditions for compassion to arise offer nurses useful tools to apply to their own suffering and the suffering of others. Nursing—the most trusted profession—must prioritize compassionate action, boundary setting and reflection on one’s personal and professional moral code so that nurses are able to bear witness to continuous suffering in their roles without degrading their wellbeing and integrity.
“What Is the Nature of Suffering and What Are the Goals of Nursing?”
Authors: Ferrell Betty R. , Rosa William E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The chapters of this volume provide an overview of the nature of suffering and the goals of nursing in various settings and contexts. The contributing authors have provided detailed responses for nurses to attend to the suffering of patients, their loved ones, and their communities. Importantly, addressing the suffering of the nurse is emphasized as a key opportunity to sustain the workforce and ensure that the provision of dignified, human-centered care remains central to the profession. This concluding chapter provides a synthesis of the previous chapters while considering suffering and nursing care in response to suffering as evolving concepts. The tenets of suffering published in the first edition of this work have been revised and expanded alongside individual and system-level reflections to support nurses in responding to suffering.
House Instructions for Dwelling-in-the-Phantasmal Hermitage in Zhongfeng Extensive Record
Authors: Broughton Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This is a dharma talk in the form of a text on the “family precepts” for Zhongfeng’s Dwelling-in-the Phantasmal Hermitage. Phantasmal seeing lies latent in the mind-ground, producing the discrimination of phantasms; Śākyamuni throughout his teaching career gave phantasmal answers to phantasmal questions; he held up a phantasmal flower, and Kāśyapa cracked a phantasmal smile; Bodhidharma faced a phantasmal wall, and Huike asked Bodhidharma to pacify phantasmal mind; Shenxiu and Huineng composed phantasmal verses; Linji gave phantasmal shouts; everything is a phantasm, from the outset ready-made; with a writing brush draw the character phantasm hanging at the summit of all-pervading space; all buddhas complete correct awakening in this (i.e., the character phantasm); chew on the indestructible huatou that has no meaning or taste; Zhongfeng denies that he is trying to establish his own school and claims that he is merely mapping out truth/reality to manage ordinary life, and so forth.
Song of Dwelling-in-the-Phantasmal Hermitage in Zhongfeng Extensive Record
Authors: Broughton Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter contains a short piece called a “song” about phantasm (huan) and Zhongfeng’s Dwelling-in-the-Phantasmal Hermitage. In this hermitage, phantasmal clothing and phantasmal food are provided for a phantasmal life; phantasmal awakening and phantasmal Chan cancel out the phantasmal deluded consciousness of the resident Chan monks. With a phantasmal rope, Zhongfeng reins in the phantasmal ox (i.e., the unchecked mind) that the student is riding. With phantasmal gong’ans, one manages phantasmal cultivation and realization. Don’t ask where these phantasms arise from: leave it to the clouds, the moon, the streams, and the mountains.
Ten Poems on Living on a Boat in Zhongfeng Extensive Record
Authors: Broughton Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Translation 8 is a collection of ten poems about living on a boat, and it is dated 1309. The poems picture a self-proclaimed “awkward discard from society” who is free on his boat as he trusts to wherever the boat goes. Zhongfeng freely travels here and there and never loses his way. A great mansion is not the equal of a single small boat. Dealing with students is unnecessary on a boat. On the boat, anything is life. Zhongfeng claims he is “a single indolent Chan monk with no worldly function at all.” At the end, he even links huatou practice to the sights and sounds of his experiences in living on a boat.
The Possibility of Degrees of Moral Status
Authors: Wendler David S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by considering whether it is possible to reject degrees of moral status out of hand given James Rachels’s argument that individuals’ properties are morally relevant only to the extent that they influence what they have at stake in specific circumstances. This argument assumes that some individuals are not morally more important than others, raising the need to assess whether this assumption is accurate. To pursue this question, the chapter distinguishes between three types of morally relevant properties: moral status conferring properties, moral action guiding properties, and moral status enhancing properties. The finding that degrees of moral status cannot be based on moral action guiding properties reveals that they require moral status enhancing properties in the sense of properties which increase the moral importance of those who possess them.
Introduction
Authors: Vidyasagar Ishvarchandra , Hatcher Brian A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to situate Ishvarchandra Vidyasagar’s 1871 tract calling for the abolition of Kulin polygamy in its historical, social, and intellectual context. Emphasis is placed on understanding how the failure of the tract to achieve its goal reflects the changing moral, political, and administrative context in Bengal in the wake of the 1857 rebellion. While there had been considerable petitioning and public debate around the problem of high-caste polygamy throughout the mid-century, the rebellion marked a radical turning point. If hitherto the British had intervened to suppress such rites as sati or to endorse reforms in support of Hindu widow marriage, the rebellion left them feeling wary of further intervention in Indian religious life. At the same time, the idea of appealing to the colonial government for assistance with social change was also rapidly losing support among Indians. As a result, Vidyasagar’s arguments in favor of government legal intervention came to sound out of step with the moment. Ironically, for all that the 1871 tract looks back wistfully on the earlier era of reform, it also departs in some striking ways from the strategies adopted by Vidyasagar’s in his 1855 tracts promoting Hindu widow marriage. While the latter tracts focused almost exclusively on the dense exegesis of Sanskrit legal texts, Against High-Caste Polygamy supplements this scripturalist strategy with innovative methods of historical analysis, social research, and empirical data collection. When coupled with Vidyasagar’s unique narrative and rhetorical skills, the presence of these new tools make the 1871 tract distinctly modern and morally compelling. And as this chapter reveals, even if colonial legislation was never passed, Vidyasagar proved to have been prescient regarding the eventual demise of the distinctive and troubling abuses of Kulin marriage practices.
Whether and How Confidence Shapes Concrete Support for Raising and Maintaining the Military
Authors: Feaver Peter D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Military leaders are wise to monitor overall public confidence in the military because public attitudes about confidence in the military track closely with other attitudes military leaders rightly must prize: the public’s support for raising and maintaining strong armed forces and public attitudes about the sort of missions the military should be assigned to conduct. Exposure to portrayals of the military in popular culture appears to be linked with higher confidence among younger Americans of recruiting age. Moreover, other Americans—the parents, friends, or aunts and uncles of potential recruits—with high levels of confidence in the military are more likely to advise friends and family members to consider military service than are those with low confidence. More confident Americans—and this is especially true of Republicans in the post-9/11 era—are more likely to support higher military budgets, but other fiscal and domestic factors likely shape the context of budget debates in even more critical ways.
Whether and How Confidence Shapes Views on the Military as an Instrument of Foreign Policy
Authors: Feaver Peter D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Respondents with high esteem for the military are more likely to think the military is an important and useful tool across a range of potential military missions. However, partisanship likely is doing quite a lot of the work in driving attitudes regarding how and when to use the military. In general, Republicans tend to be more hawkish than Democrats on threat-based missions, while Democrats tend to be more hawkish than Republicans on values-based missions. Although confidence is uniformly a good predictor of military importance and usefulness across parties for realpolitik missions, a respondent’s partisan identification mitigates the effects of confidence for other types of missions. Neither confidence nor party provides clear and consistent results on withdrawal decisions from Iraq and Afghanistan. It seems highly likely that President Trump’s rhetoric about withdrawal played an important role in shaping these attitudes, but whether those changes were fleeting or persistent—and whether new dynamics emerged after the chaotic end to US involvement in Afghanistan in August 2021—is a question for future research.
Cultivating Youth Engagement
Authors: Nelsen Matthew D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses whether the form of civic education presented in Chapter 2 has a casual effect on political participation. Using an experiment distributed to nearly seven hundred fourteen- to eighteen-year-olds spanning nine high schools and twelve classrooms in the Chicago area, it establishes a causal relationship between course content that highlights critical categories of knowledge and rates of intended participation among Black and Latinx youth. It supplements these experimental results with three additional pieces of evidence: observations of classrooms, analyses of teachers’ course syllabi, and survey data from a nationally representative sample of young people. Taken together, these data sources provide strong evidence that there is a causal relationship between content and intended participation; that the effect of this pedagogical tool has long-lasting effects; and that similar trends are observable within a national sample of young people who are asked to think back on their experiences in their high school social studies courses.
Inference and Argument
Authors: Atkins Richard Kenneth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Inference is a psychological process in which some person draws some conclusion from a set of premises using some procedure. The logician’s task is to subject such processes of inferring to scrutiny. The logician may take an interest in inferences as they have been made or in inferences as they could be made. Reflection on actual processes of inference provides fodder for examining inferences that might be made and in what respect inferences are good or bad. Peirce maintains that every inference involves a leading principle, but his doctrine of the leading principle is confused. This chapter clarifies his theory by distinguishing between leading principles and guiding principles. Whereas inference is a psychological process, an argument is a semiotic relationship in which some sign (the premises) shows its interpretant (the conclusion). Two accounts of arguments are distinguished, implying two different ways to subject arguments to logical scrutiny.
Invented Traditions
Authors: Latsis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
At the core of this chapter is Stanford University’s celebration of the semicentennial of the chronophotographic experiments of Eadweard Muybridge. This 1929 event organized jointly with the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences leads to a wider exploration of initiatives that memorialized and interpreted film history for the broader public through jubilees, pageants, and commemorations that proliferated in the second half of the 1920s. An air of premature nostalgia and self-congratulation perverted Hollywood. At the same time, this atmosphere of introspection catalyzed some of the most far-reaching and widely visible opportunities for the industry to narrate its own origins.
Introduction
Authors: Scheuers Timothy R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Framing the topic of this volume around Gerald Strauss’s decades-old question, “Had anything changed in the consciences and minds of men as a result of the Reformation?,” the Introduction explains that the principal aim of this study is to demonstrate how oaths and vows were used to shape confessional identity, secure social order, forge community, and promote faithfulness in public and private contracts, as well as to illustrate the complex and difficult task of simultaneously protecting the individual conscience as part of bringing a new take on Christian freedom to Reformed communities. The rest of the Introduction identifies the state and significance of this question in current scholarship, and outlines the author’s method and approach to this complex topic.
Inequality and Stress
Authors: Hitlin Steven , Andersson Matthew A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Social categorizations such as race, sex, age, and class imply much more than differences in resources. They also generate varying degrees of social stress. This chapter breaks out declines in subjective dignity from 2017 to 2021 for numerous demographic groups. Generally, it is found that overall losses in dignity across the pandemic have been greater for minoritized and vulnerable groups, with some exceptions. Then, the chapter documents declines in dignity linked to specific stressors, such as missing house or rent payments, increasing debt, going hungry, experiencing serious conflict at home, and being unable to afford health care. It shows how Blacks, Hispanics, women, and sexual/gender minorities are disproportionately likely to experience these stressors. Additionally, it is found that physically disabled individuals lost dignity at three times the rate of nondisabled individuals from 2017 and 2021, and this steep loss is analyzed in terms of health, work, financial, and network difficulties that disability entails.
Drought and Famine in Ethiopia, 1983–1985
Authors: Bradley Miriam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines drought and famine in Ethiopia between 1983 and 1985, which cost more than a million lives and generated dramatic media coverage, significant celebrity engagement, and enormous public concern and funding for humanitarian response. It argues that it was not drought alone but rather drought in conjunction with armed conflict and particular government policies that led to famine. While political factors were the primary causes of the famine, the way it was portrayed by mainstream Western media and celebrities served to obscure these political causes from view. Media and celebrities played an important role in raising public awareness and concern around the world. Their depoliticized and decontextualized depictions of the famine undoubtedly helped to generate widespread support and funding for a large-scale humanitarian response, but they also promoted a particular way of thinking about the famine focused on the symptoms rather than the causes. A lack of attention to underlying political dynamics facilitated government manipulation of aid, which was used in the forcible resettlement of civilians and to feed government militias.
Afghanistan, 2001–2014
Authors: Bradley Miriam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines the international humanitarian response during armed conflict in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2014. After 9/11, the United States launched Operation Enduring Freedom in October 2001, with UK and US airstrikes targeting al-Qaeda and the ruling Taliban in Afghanistan. Although the Taliban was quickly overthrown, conflict continued and international forces involving more than fifty countries were engaged in combat operations for just over thirteen years. Throughout the 2001–2014 period, aid was politicized in a variety of ways, with significant consequences for how and where assistance was provided. The international military forces sought to instrumentalize assistance for the purpose of stabilization and state-building and to co-opt international non-governmental organizations and United Nations humanitarian agencies in pursuit of these wider goals. There is not much to suggest that this ‘hearts-and-minds’ strategy was effective in stabilizing Afghanistan, but it does appear to have had consequences for the aid worker security. Afghanistan became significantly more dangerous for aid workers and agencies in the years following the US-led invasion, and humanitarian access suffered as a result.