bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic disparities for leukemias in Puerto Rico and the United States of America, 2015–2019
Authors: Alvarado Ortiz Mariela , Suárez Ramos Tonatiuh , Torres Cintrón Carlos R. , Zavala Zegarra Diego , Tortolero Luna Guillermo , Ortiz-Ortiz Karen J. , Castaneda-Avila Maira A. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Leukemia is a cancer of the early-forming cells. Over the past decade, leukemia racial/ethnic disparities have been documented in the United States of America (USA). Although the Puerto Rican population in the USA represents the second-largest Hispanic population in the nation, most of the existing studies do not include Puerto Rico. We compared the incidence and mortality rates for leukemia and its subtypes in Puerto Rico and four racial/ethnic groups in the USA.

Methods
We used data from the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2015–2019). The racial/ethnic groups studied were non-Hispanic whites (NHW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), Hispanics (USH), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (NHAPI) living in the USA and the Puerto Rico population. We calculated the incidence and mortality rates. The relative risk of developing or dying due to leukemia was also calculated.

Results
Compared with Puerto Rico, NHW [standardized incidence rate (SIR) = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.40–1.53; standardized mortality rates (SMR) = 1.55; 95%CI = 1.45–1.65)] and NHB (SIR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.04–1.15; SMR = 1.27; 95%CI = 1.19–1.35) had higher incidence and mortality rates; but lower than the NHAPI (SIR = 0.78; 95%CI = 0.74–0.82; SMR = 0.83; 95%CI = 0.77–0.89); and similar to USH. However, we found differences among leukemia subtypes. For example, NHAPI and USH had lower risk of developing chronic leukemias than Puerto Rico. We found a lower risk to develop acute lymphocytic leukemia in NHB than in Puerto Rico.

Conclusions
Our study provides a better understanding of leukemia’s racial/ethnic disparities and fills a knowledge gap by examining the incidence and mortality rates in Puerto Rico. Future studies are needed to better understand the factors influencing the differences found in the incidence and mortality of leukemia among different racial/ethnic groups.
Characteristics of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in sewage from a tertiary hospital in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Liu Mingwei , Zheng Lin , Zhu Lingwei , Lu Gejin , Guo Hongru , Guan Jiayao , Jing Jie , Sun Shiwen , Wang Ying , Wang Zixian , Sun Yang , Ji Xue , Jiang Bowen , Liu Jun , Zhang Wenhui , Guo Xuejun 
Published: May 2023

Background
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection is a serious problem in hospitals worldwide. We monitored a tertiary hospital in Changchun, Jilin Province, China, and found that CRKP was the major species among the carbapenem-resistant isolates in sewage. Subsequently, we evaluated the drug susceptibility, resistance genes, virulence genes, outer pore membrane protein-related genes (OmpK35 & OmpK 36), multi-locus sequence typing and replicons, biofilm formation capabilities, and resistance to chlorine-containing disinfectants among KP isolates. Identification of drug sensitivity, multiple resistance profiles were observed including 77 (82.80%) multidrug resistant (MDR), 16 (17.20%) extensive drug resistant (XDR). Some antibiotic resistance genes were detected, the most prevalent carbapenemase gene was blaKPC, and 16 resistance genes were associated with other antibiotics. In addition, 3 (3.23%) CRKP isolates demonstrated loss of OmpK-35 and 2 (2.15%) demonstrated loss of OmpK-36. In the detection of multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), 11 ST11 isolates carried virulence genes. The most common replicon type was IncFII. Biofilm-forming capabilities were demonstrated by 68.8% of the isolates, all of which were resistant to chlorine-containing disinfectants. The results of the study showed that antibiotic-resistant isolates, especially CRKP, could resist disinfectants in hospital wastewater, and improper treatment of hospital wastewater may lead to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria and their genes. Thus, these bacteria must be eliminated before being discharged into the municipal sewage system.
Hemodynamical consequences and tolerance of sustained ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Delasnerie Hubert , Biendel Caroline , Elbaz Meyer , Mandel Franck , Beneyto Maxime , Domain Guillaume , Voglimacci-Stephanopoli Quentin , Mondoly Pierre , Delmas Clement , Bongard Vanina , Rollin Anne , Maury Philippe 
Published: May 2023

Aims
Factors underlying clinical tolerance and hemodynamic consequences of monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) need to be clarified.

Methods
Intra-arterial pressures (IAP) during VT were collected in patients admitted for VT ablation and correlated to clinical, ECG and baseline echocardiographical parameters.

Results
114 VTs from 58 patients were included (median 67 years old, 81% ischemic heart disease, median left ventricular ejection fraction 30%). 61 VTs were untolerated needing immediate termination (54%). VT tolerance was tightly linked to the evolution of IAPs. Faster VT rates (p<0.0001), presence of resynchronization therapy (p = 0.008), previous anterior myocardial infarction (p = 0.009) and more marginally larger baseline QRS duration (p = 0.1) were independently associated with VT tolerance. Only an inferior myocardial infarction was more often present in patients with only tolerated VTs vs patients with only untolerated VTs in multivariate analysis (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.4–1000, p = 0.03). In patients with both well-tolerated and untolerated VTs, a higher VT rate was the only variable independently associated with untolerated VT (p = 0.02). Two different patterns of hemodynamic profiles during VT could be observed: a regular 1:1 relationship between electrical (QRS) and mechanical (IAP) events or some dissociation between both. VT with the second pattern were more often untolerated compared to the first pattern (78% vs 29%, p<0.0001).

Conclusion
This study helps to explain the large variability in clinical tolerance during VT, which is clearly related to IAP. VT tolerance may be linked to resynchronization therapy, VT rate, baseline QRS duration and location of myocardial infarction.
Distinct immune responses associated with vaccination status and protection outcomes after malaria challenge
Authors: Oyong Damian A. , Duffy Fergal J. , Neal Maxwell L. , Du Ying , Carnes Jason , Schwedhelm Katharine V. , Hertoghs Nina , Jun Seong-Hwan , Miller Helen , Aitchison John D. , De Rosa Stephen C. , Newell Evan W. , McElrath M Juliana , McDermott Suzanne M. , Stuart Kenneth D. 
Published: May 2023

Understanding immune mechanisms that mediate malaria protection is critical for improving vaccine development. Vaccination with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfRAS) induces high level of sterilizing immunity against malaria and serves as a valuable tool for the study of protective mechanisms. To identify vaccine-induced and protection-associated responses during malarial infection, we performed transcriptome profiling of whole blood and in-depth cellular profiling of PBMCs from volunteers who received either PfRAS or noninfectious mosquito bites, followed by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) challenge. In-depth single-cell profiling of cell subsets that respond to CHMI in mock-vaccinated individuals showed a predominantly inflammatory transcriptome response. Whole blood transcriptome analysis revealed that gene sets associated with type I and II interferon and NK cell responses were increased in prior to CHMI while T and B cell signatures were decreased as early as one day following CHMI in protected vaccinees. In contrast, non-protected vaccinees and mock-vaccinated individuals exhibited shared transcriptome changes after CHMI characterized by decreased innate cell signatures and inflammatory responses. Additionally, immunophenotyping data showed different induction profiles of vδ2+ γδ T cells, CD56+ CD8+ T effector memory (Tem) cells, and non-classical monocytes between protected vaccinees and individuals developing blood-stage parasitemia, following treatment and resolution of infection. Our data provide key insights in understanding immune mechanistic pathways of PfRAS-induced protection and infective CHMI. We demonstrate that vaccine-induced immune response is heterogenous between protected and non-protected vaccinees and that inducted-malaria protection by PfRAS is associated with early and rapid changes in interferon, NK cell and adaptive immune responses.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994525.
Not Exactly Lying: Fake News and Fake Journalism in American History, Andie Tucher (2022)
Authors: Nerone John 
Published: May 2023

Review of: Not Exactly Lying: Fake News and Fake Journalism in American History, Andie Tucher (2022)
New York: Columbia University Press, 384 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-23118-635-3, p/bk, $28.00
BIOCONVERSION OF SEA BUCKTHORN MEAL INTO PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
Authors: Averyanova Elena Vitalievna , Shkolnikova Marina Nikolayevna , Rozhnov Evgeny Dmitrievich , Batashov Evgeny Sergeevich 
Published: May 2023

This article shows the main directions of industrial processing of sea buckthorn fruits: obtaining oil and oil extracts, juice and its concentrates, dry and thick extracts. The article presents information about sea buckthorn, which grows throughout the Siberian region and is an insurance raw material for the region's economy. A description of the properties of this shrub depending on the geographical location and soil and climatic conditions is given, which served as the basis for compiling the characteristics of intensive varieties of Siberian sea buckthorn and considering the directions of processing depending on the composition. It has been established that a large-tonnage waste - defatted meal containing a significant amount of biologically active substances, is not subjected to deep processing, having a good industrial potential. The chemical composition of the sea buckthorn meal of the Altai selection, the extractive substances of which contain organic acids, sugars, vitamins, phenolic, pectin and mineral substances, has been studied. The role of bioflavonoids as the largest group of natural phenolic substances for maintaining human health is noted in view of their high and multidirectional biological activity. The aim of the work was to find an effective way to utilize defatted sea buckthorn meal into a complex of phenolic substances with the possibility of implementation in the conditions of industrial production in Siberia. It has been established in the experiment that the intensification of the technological process for obtaining a complex of bioflavonoids using enzymatic lysis of raw materials and ultrasonic treatment at the stage of extraction of fermented sea buckthorn meal makes it possible to reduce the extraction time from 1.5 h to 15 min with an increase in the yield of the target product by 27%. The possibility of industrial application of the developed technology is determined, the cost price of the complex of bioflavonoids is predicted. Directions for the use of individual flavonoids, which are part of the complex, as physiologically active ingredients have been established. It is shown that the application of the developed technology is possible not only in Siberia, but also in those regions of the Russian Federation where there are industrial plantations and natural thickets of sea buckthorn bushes.
Role of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disease Management
Authors: Chauhan Shalu , Gupta Dr Girish , Srivastava Dr. Vivek , Garg Mr Suresh 
Published: May 2023

Neuro degeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, including death of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson‘s, Alzheimer‘s, and Huntington‘s occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes. As research progresses, many similarities appear which relate these diseases to one another on a sub-cellular level
The greatest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases is aging. Mitochondrial DNA mutations as well as oxidative stress both contribute to aging. Protein degradation offers therapeutic options both in preventing the synthesis and degradation of irregular proteins.
Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's. But drug and non-drug treatments may help with both cognitive and behavioural symptoms. Researchers are looking for new treatments to alter the course of the disease and improve the quality of life for people with dementia.
The developed drug product is a unique formulation derived from botanical source, globally patent protected formulation, safety profile evaluated on patient, efficacy profile evaluated on patient, efficacy evaluated against Donazapril and tacrine. Based on clinical data the drug product is recommended for the prevention and management of neurodegenerative disorder.
Botanical products are finished, labeled products that contain vegetable matter as ingredients. The drug product Neuro-BDH tablets contain drug substance derived from botanical sources. The drug substance is standardized extract of herbs. Using commonly used excipients drug product was formulated as immediate release oral tablet. This pharmaceutical development report describes the details of development studies.
Diabetes mellitus and long-time outcomes of autovenous femoro-popliteal bypass
Authors: Artemova A. S. , Chernyavskiy M. A. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: the effect of diabetes mellitus on the long-term patency of autovenous femoro-popliteal bypass has not been definitively determined AIM: to determine the effect of diabetes mellitus on the long-term outcomes of autovenous femoral-popliteal bypass.MATERIALS AND METHODS: the results of treatment of 648 patients who underwent autovenous femoral-popliteal bypass were analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 clinical groups: the first group included 367 patients with diabetes mellitus, the second — 281 patients without the named disease. The groups did not differ significantly in the incidence of concomitant pathology.RESULTS: occlusion of the autovenous conduit within a 5-year period after surgical treatment was observed in 218 patients of the first group (59.4%) and 72 patients of the second group (25.6%) (p <0.01, χ2 = 39.05, RR = 1.78; CI = 1.53–2.12). The average service life of the autovenous femoral-popliteal bypass was 63.49 months in patients of the first group, and 107.46 months in the second. The decompensated course of diabetes mellitus was observed in 203 patients (55.2%). Among patients with decompensated diabetes mellitus, occlusion of the autovenous femoral-popliteal bypass was observed in 95 patients (46.8%), in 104 patients the autovenous conduit was passable (51.2%; p = 0.449, χ2 = 0.57). Decompensated course of diabetes mellitus may contribute to a decrease in the service life of autovenous femoro-popliteal bypass.CONCLUSION: the presence of diabetes mellitus, and especially its decompensated course, can negatively affect the patency of autovenous femoro-popliteal bypass in the long term.
Association of carotid atherosclerosis and peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: risk factors and biomarkers
Authors: Koroleva E. A. , Khapaev R. S. , Lykov A. P. , Korbut A. I. , Klimontov V. V. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common and potentially life-threatening comorbidity in diabetes.AIM: to determine risk factors and biomarkers of the association of CA and PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center cross-sectional comparative study was carried out. Three hundred ninety one patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Duplex ultrasound of carotid and low limb arteries, screening/monitoring of diabetic complications and associated diseases, and assessment of glycemic control, biochemical and coagulation parameters were performed. Factors involved in vascular wall remodeling, including calponin-1, relaxin, L-citrulline, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -3, were measured in blood serum by ELISA.RESULTS: The signs of CA and PAD were observed in 330 and 187 patients respectively. In 178 patients, both CA and PAD were revealed. The risk of combined involvement of carotid and lower extremity arteries was higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy (OR=2.57, p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR=4.48, p<0.001), history of myocardial infarction (OR=5.09, p<0.001), coronary revascularization (OR=4.31, p<0.001) or cerebrovascular accident (OR=3.07, p<0.001). In ROC-analysis, age ≥65.5 years (OR=3.43, p<0.001), waist-to-hip ratio ≥0.967 (OR=3.01, p=0.001), diabetes duration ≥12.5 years (OR=3.7, p<0.001), duration of insulin therapy ≥4.5 years (OR=3.05, p<0.001), duration of arterial hypertension ≥16.5 years (OR=1.98, p=0.002), serum L-citrulline ≥68 µmol/l (OR=3.82, p=0.003), and mean amplitude of glucose excursions ≥3.72 mmol/l (OR=1.79, p=0.006) were the risk factors for atherosclerosis of two vascular beds. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, diabetes duration and waist-to-hip ratio were independent risk factors for association of CA and PAD (p=0.005, p=0.0003, and p=0.004 respectively).CONCLUSION: In subjects with type 2 diabetes, carotid and lower extremity atherosclerotic disease is associated with age, diabetes duration, abdominal obesity, microvascular and macrovascular complications, glucose variability, and high serum levels of L-citrulline.
On the 100<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Nobel Prize «For the Discovery of Insulin»
Authors: Magerramova S. T. , Odarchenko A. S. , El-Taravi Y. A. , Erikenova D. K. , Shestakova M. V. 
Published: May 2023

The condition known today as diabetes mellitus was described as early as 1550 B.C. in the papyrus of Ebers, when Ayurvedic physicians noted the sweet taste of urine in patients with polyuria. This fact allows diabetes to be considered as one of the most well-known antiquity diseases. During all these thousands of years scientists have been trying to «unravel» this «mysterious» condition, and to find the cause and ways to cure the disease. Therefore, the long history of the diabetes existence is rich in discoveries, which often had a tremendous impact on all medicine. Insulin discover and investigation has become a key moment in diabetes history. A lot of scientists who have worked on the study of the insulin structure and developed new methods have been honored with the Nobel Prize. In our opinion, this review highlights the most important works of the 20th century, which played a key role in the discovery of a drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus patients.
Reduction in cardiovascular disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor versus a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: A real-world retrospective administrative database analysis in Japan
Authors: Kashiwagi A. , Shoji S. , Onozawa S. , Kosakai Y. , Waratani M. , Ito Yu. 
Published: May 2023

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the benefit of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without a CVD history.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used Japanese hospital administrative data from the Medical Data Vision database (January 2015 to April 2020). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=625,739) who were new users of an SGLT2i (n=57,070; 9.1%) or DPP4i (n=568,669; 90.9%) were included. Outcomes included hospitalization for heart failure (hHF), all-cause death (ACD) and the composite of hHF or ACD. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the inverse probability weighting Cox proportional hazards model to compare CVD event risks between treatment groups.RESULTS: Compared with DPP4i, SGLT2i was associated with a significant reduction in hHF risk among patients without a CVD history (HR 0.507, 95% confidence interval 0.283–0.907), but not in the full cohort or those with a CVD history. SGLT2i was associated with a significant risk reduction of ACD (HR 0.592, 95% confidence interval 0.481–0.729) and the composite of hHF or ACD (HR 0.712, 95% confidence interval 0.613–0.826), compared with DPP4i in the full cohort; similar results were observed among patients with and without a CVD history.CONCLUSION: In this real-world study, SGLT2i versus DPP4i was associated with a significant reduction in hHF, ACD and hHF or ACD events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without a CVD history.
The advisory board resolution on the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Antsiferov M. B. , Galstyan G. R. , Demidova T. Yu. , Zilov A. V. , Markova T. N. , Mkrtumyan А. M. , Petunina N. A. , Khalimov I. S. , Shamkhalova M. S. , Shestakova M. V. 
Published: May 2023

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by increasing incidence and prevalence all-over the world. Current therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes is complex and is based not only on glycemic control, but also on cardiovascular and renal risks reduction. In previous years the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) increased in Russian Federation. Some manufacturers of the most widely used GLP-1 RA reported the supply decline in several countries. On Advisory board with participation of the Russian Endocrinology Association members the topics of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA use in type 2 diabetes were discussed. The experts made conclusion that the decrease in access to GLP-1 RA does not pose serious risk for treatment of type 2 diabetes patients. SGLT2i show benefits in risk reduction of HF and CKD progression compering to GLP-1 RA, and in general show comparable efficacy in risk reduction of ACVD outcomes. SGLT2i show less glycemic efficacy in comparison with GLP-1 RA, and their replacement may need adding antidiabetic agents from other groups.