bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide modulation of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase.
Authors: O'Dorisio M S , Hermina N S , O'Dorisio T M , Balcerzak S P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was found to be a potent stimulator of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity. VIP-induced activation of adenylate cyclase was specific for lymphocytes among peripheral blood cells; i.e., VIP did not stimulate the adenylate cyclase activity of neutrophils, monocytes, or platelets. The VIP-induced activation of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase was time, temperature, and concentration dependent. VIP and the GTP analog, Gpp(NH)p, acted synergistically to stimulate lymphocyte adenylate cyclase; stimulation by VIP and PGE1 was additive; and VIP activation was antagonized by somatostatin. VIP-mediated activation of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase was observed in normal human T cells, B cells obtained from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and a human T cell culture line. The Raji human B cell culture line did possess adenylate cyclase activity, but this activity was not stimulated by VIP. These results suggest that lymphocytes possess functional receptors for VIP and that this peptide may play a role in modulation of lymphocyte function.
Macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG): a marker for embryonic prothymocytes in the mouse.
Authors: Batuman O A , Schmidt R R , Hauptman S P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Adult thymocytes and peripheral T cells synthesize and insert a glycoprotein into their plasma membrane that is termed macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG). This protein, in contrast to other T cell markers, was shown to be present in embryonic prothymocytes as soon as they appear in the thymic rudiment. Furthermore, some hematopoietic cells in the fetal liver were shown to contain MICG at a period in gestation before the completion of lymphocyte migration to the thymus. These results are discussed in terms of the requirements for embryonic cell migration.
Ig biosynthesis in a human pre-B cell line.
Authors: McCune J M , Fu S M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ig synthesis was investigated in a human Epstein-barr virus transformed pre-B-like lymphoblastoid line, Josh 4. Translation of total extracted cellular RNA in a wheat germ cellfree system showed that the transcripts for both micrometer (the heavy chain of membrane IgM) and micros (the heavy chain of secreted IgM) were present in approximately equal proportions. Pulse-labeling of cells with 35S-methionine in culture followed by immunoprecipitation and endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase digestion of the precipitates demonstrated that each of these chains were synthesized and glycosylated intracellularly. No light chain synthesis was detected in either system. In addition, both mu-chains were found to be secreted. Hybrids formed between Josh 4 and 2 light chain-producing lymphoblastoid lines, RPMI-8866P (IgG kappa) and 32a1 (IgA lambda), were found to express surface IgM. Thus the provision of light chains permitted membrane expression of chains which might otherwise be degraded. These findings were discussed in relation to normal B cell development.
Generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to Theileria parva (East Coast fever) after inoculation of cattle with parasitized lymphoblasts.
Authors: Emery D L , Morrison W I , Buscher G , Nelson R T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The participation of genetically restricted cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) in protective immunity against Theileria parva was examined in cattle inoculated with autologous and allogeneic parasitized lymphoblasts. The majority of cattle given 10(7) infected allogeneic cells were protected against infection with the homologous parasite. Animals inoculated with drug-cured lymphoblasts, normal allogeneic lymph node cells (LNC), or a combination of LNC and parasitized allogeneic cells were fully susceptible. The magnitude of the primary CML responses against autologous infected targets (as opposed to that against the allogeneic lymphoblasts inoculated or 3rd-party targets) more accurately correlated with a decreased severity of infection after challenge. Autologous CML responses appeared earlier as cattle were given increasing numbers of parasitized autologous lymphoblasts, and were higher and more persistent with increasing parasitosis. Between 10(2) and 10(5) autologous infected cells induced immunity to T. parva, whereas at least 10(7) allogeneic lymphoblasts were required for comparable protection. The findings provide additional evidence for a protective role of restricted CML responses against T. parva in vivo. When allogeneic infected cells are used for immunization, viable T. parva need to establish infection in host cells to induce adequate protective immunity.
Mapping the antigenic epitope for a monoclonal antibody against lysozyme.
Authors: Smith-Gill S J , Wilson A C , Potter M , Prager E M , Feldmann R J , Mainhart C R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (HyHEL-5), prepared to chicken lysozyme c by the method of Köhler and Milstein, identified an antigenic site (epitope) that was shared by the lysozymes of seven different species of galliform birds. The lysozymes of two galliform species, bobwhite quail and chachalaca, shared only partial antigenic identity with the epitope defined by this antibody. Duck lysozyme did not react with the antibody at all. Amino acids that determined the epitope structure were tentatively identified by comparing the amino acid sequences of these lysozymes and assuming the antigenic changes produced by evolutionary substitutions are not due to long-range conformational changes. Arg 68 was identified as a determining amino acid. Arg 68 is hydrogen-bonded to Arg 45, and together these two amino acids form a basic cluster that may be a subsite of the epitope. The antibody inhibited lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus by chicken lysozyme. Additionally, Biebrich Scarlet, a dye that binds to the catalytic site, inhibited antibody binding to this lysozyme, which indicates that the epitope extends into the cleft region between Arg 45 and Arg 114. The epitope was hypothesized to involve a region measuring at least 13 x 6 x 15 A including the Arg 68-Arg 45 complex that borders the enzymatic catalytic site. Four other monoclonal antibodies to lysozyme have been partially characterized; each had a distinct pattern of binding specificity for various species of bird lysozymes.
Genetic control of autoimmune disease: interactions between xid and Ipr.
Authors: Kemp J D , Cowdery J S , Steinberg A D , Gershon R K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A genetic experiment has been performed in mice to test the B cell "hyperactivity" hypothesis of autoantibody production. A backcross was designed such that some progeny carried both the sex-linked recessive gene xid, which markedly reduces the B cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production seen in NZB mice, and the autosomal recessive gene Ipr, which produces a severe lymphoproliferative/autoimmune disorder in the homozygous animal. The data indicate that although xid does not preclude any measured phenotypic expression of Ipr/Ipr disease, it may play a minor modulatory role. In addition, a background gene or genes in the CBA/N mouse, distinct from xid, modulates T cell proliferation in male backcross progeny. This experiment supports the view that autoimmune phenomena are fundamentally heterogeneous, and may involve complex cellular interactions.
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice: primary control of EAE susceptibility is outside the H-2 complex.
Authors: Montgomery I N , Rauch H C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We report here the results of EAE induction in 1758 mice from 9 inbred strains, 5 H-2 congenic strains, and 6 F1 hybrids. EAE responsiveness is under the primary control of genes outside the H-2 complex. The F1 data do not show a unifactorial inheritance of EAE responsiveness. The F1 data do imply a maternal factor, sex hormone, or sex-linked gene(s) that modifies EAE responsiveness. The data suggest that the H-2 complex modifies the degree of EAE responsiveness. This modulatory effect by H-2 could account for the contradictory reports in the literature on the association of H-2 type and EAE responsiveness.
Thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages are less efficient than resident macrophages in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis.
Authors: Shaw D R , Griffin F M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peritoneal macrophages (M phi) obtained after i.p. injection of Brewer thioglycollate medium (TG) were substantially less efficient than resident (R) M phi in an assay of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC) in which 51Cr-labeled sheep erythrocytes were used as target cells. The TG-M phi did not display any generalized functional defects, and indeed were "activated" relative to R-M phi by several morphologic, biochemical, and functional criteria. The ADCC deficiency was observed with TG-M phi from four strains of mice, and was not altered by the use of different types of target cells or different sensitizing IgG antibodies. Treatments that significantly enhanced R-M phi ADCC activity, either inhibition of phagocytosis by tosyl lysine chloromethyl ketone or stimulation of M phi enzyme secretion and O2- production, resulted in only a modest enhancement of TG-M phi ADCC. The effect of i.p. TG injection on M phi ADCC activity was not mimicked by in vitro exposure of R-M phi to TG. In vivo experiments demonstrated that agar, a component of TG, was sufficient to elicit M phi that resembled TG-M phi morphologically and functionally. We discuss the possibility that the ADCC deficiency of TG-M phi may be a characteristic of cells involved in the subsidence of an acute inflammatory response.
Regulation of macrophage populations. III. The immunologic induction of exudates rich in Ia-bearing macrophages is a radiosensitive process.
Authors: Scher M G , Unanue E R , Beller D I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have evaluated some of the conditions regulating the selective augmentation of the Ia-positive macrophage population within immunologically induced exudates. Antigen-stimulated T cells secrete a protein referred to as macrophage- (Ia-positive) recruiting factor (MIRF), which when injected i.p. stimulates a 10- to 20-fold increase in the number of Ia-positive exudate macrophages. This response is totally abrogated when mice are lethally irradiated before injection of MIRF or immune T cells. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow cells to irradiated mice substantially restores their ability to respond to the immunologic stimuli, even if the transferred bone marrow has itself been depleted of Ia-positive cells. It was also found that the high level of Ia-positive macrophages induced by MIRF requires a renewable stem cell source in order to be maintained. Finally, even when macrophages were elicited by injecting thioglycollate before irradiation, Ia-positive cells were not induced in response to MIRF. These findings suggest that the target of MIRF in vivo may be restricted to a developmentally young cell within or recently derived from a stem cell compartment such as the bone marrow, and that Ia-positive and Ia-negative macrophages ultimately derive from a potentially common Ia-negative stem cell.
Genetics of the alpha 1,6-dextran response: expression of the QUPC52 idiotype in different inbred and congenic strains of mice.
Authors: D'Hoostelaere L , Potter M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antibodies to dextran B512 were raised in various strains of mice and were assayed by a radioimmunoassay procedure. Idiotypic antibodies to the IgA(k) dextran B512 binding myeloma proteins QUPC52 and W3129 of BALB/c origin were prepared in rabbits. After adsorption each antiserum was specific for the immunizing myeloma protein and did not react with hundreds of other myeloma proteins; nonetheless, antibodies to dextran B512 from various strains of mice cross-reacted in these test systems. Of the 2 idiotypes tested, the W3129 idiotype was more universally expressed in different strains of mice. The QUPC52 idiotype was the predominant idiotype in BALB/c anti-dextran B512 antibodies and was found in only a few other inbred strains. Using a battery of congenic and inbred strains, it was shown that the QUPC52 idiotype was controlled by genes linked to the Igh complex locus (chromosome 12) and to the Ig kappa complex locus (chromosome 6). The W3129 idiotype was found in a number of stocks of mice in the genus Mus recently isolated from the wild. The QUPC52 idiotype thus far was found only in inbred mice.
A monoclonal IgM lambda macroglobulin with specificity for lacto-N-tetraose in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma.
Authors: Kabat E A , Liao J , Shyong J , Osserman E F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The serum of a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma was found to contain a monoclonal IgM lambda (IgMwoo) that precipitated with a precursor blood group glycoprotein containing I and i determinants. IgMwoo did not agglutinate O cells in the cold or at room temperature, and by quantitative precipitin and precipitin inhibition assay its specificity was shown not to be to the I and i determinants. IgMwoo reacted best with lacto-N-tetraose, DGal beta 1 leads to 3DGlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3DGal beta 1 leads to 4DGlc, and was specific for the non-I or non-i determinant dGal beta 1 leads to 3DGlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3DGal-moiety present as a distinct chain on precursor glycoproteins containing I and i determinants. Human ovarian cyst blood group A and B glycoproteins were inactive, but removal of the outer tier of sugars involved in A, B, and H specificity exposed this non-I or non-i determinant as well as the determinant reacting with anti-I Ma. IgMwoo was neither a cold agglutinin nor a cryoglobulin. It precipitated with precursor blood group glycoproteins somewhat less at 37 degrees C than at 0 degrees C, the differences being ascribable to solubility.
Lysosomal enzyme release from human monocytes in response to particulate stimuli.
Authors: Keeling P J , Henson P M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lysosomal enzyme release from human monocytes was evaluated in response to opsonized zymosan, opsonized sheep erythrocytes, and latex beads. Monocytes were found to release lysosomal enzymes immediately upon challenge with all three phagocytosable particles. Cytochalasin B enhanced beta-glucosaminidase release from mononuclear cells challenged with opsonized zymosan or opsonized red blood cells, but inhibited the response to latex particles. Lysosomal enzyme release was found to be independent of protein synthesis, and in the absence of cytochalasin B required the stimulus to be presented either as a phagocytosable particle or immobilized on a surface. The kinetics of enzyme release and phagocytosis were also examined and found to be different, lending support to the hypothesis that lysosomal enzyme release may be a physiologic response to a biologic stimulus in vivo and not simply an "accidental" consequence of an ongoing phagocytic event.
Clonotypes of anti-phosphocholine antibodies induced with Proteus morganii (Potter). II. Heterogeneity, class, and idiotypic analyses of the repertoires in BALB/c and A/HeJ mice.
Authors: Williams K R , Claflin J L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The heterogeneity of the PC-specific IgG response of Proteus morganii (Potter) was systematically analyzed. Serum samples from individual mice were focused in paired adjacent tracks, PC-specific antibodies were detected with 125I-PC-RNase, and the resulting autoradiographs were examined for co-focusing bands. Both the number of different antibody band groups and their frequency of expression were determined. Varying qualitatively from simple to complex, the spectrotypes of 38 BALB/c and 19 A/HeJ each appeared unique. However, after thorough analysis for co-focusing bands. It was evident that each spectrotype reflected a unique combination of shared band groups rather than numerous uniquely focusing band groups. The responses of A/HeJ and BALB/c showed striking similarities qualitatively in the appearance of individual spectrotypes. The heterogeneity of the two strains was also similar quantitatively. The basis for this finite though complex heterogeneity was examined by in situ subclass analysis after IEF and idiotype analysis of IEF bands by using antibodies purified from individual BALB/c and A/HeJ. Each mouse primarily expressed IgG3, and antibody bands of this subclass ranged from pI of 6.75 to 8.2. IgG1-positive bands ranged from pI of 6 to 7. Minimal amounts of IgG2 and IgM were detected. In comparisons of individual mice, there was more heterogeneity apparent in the IgG3 subclass than in the IgG1. The idiotype, IdX-M603, was found in both subclasses and also in multiple band groups focusing at different positions within each subgroup. Possible explanations for this heterogeneity among these idiotypically related antibodies are discussed.
Guinea pig erythrocytes, after their contact with influenza virus, acquire the ability to activate the human alternative complement pathway through virus-induced desialation of the cells.
Authors: Lambré C R , Kazatchkine M D , Maillet F , Thibon M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pig erythrocytes that had been exposed to influenza A virus activated the alternative complement pathway in whole human serum in the absence of natural antibodies. Because all virus particles were eluted from the treated cells, activation was not dependent on antiviral antibodies or on virus particles themselves. The relative capacity of treated erythrocytes to activate the alternative pathway was dependent on the amount of virus to which the cells had been exposed and was directly related to the amount of sialic acid removed from the erythrocyte membrane during incubation with either whole virus particles or purified viral sialidase. C3b bound to cells that had been treated with virus, and P-stabilized amplification convertase sites P,C3b,Bb formed on these cells, exhibited increased resistance to the action of the regulatory proteins beta-1H and C3b Ina compared with C3b and P,C3b,Bb on untreated, nonactivating cells. The acquired resistance of the cell-bound, P-stabilized amplification convertase to decay-dissociation by beta-1H was directly related to the activating capacity of the treated cells in whole serum (r = 0.95) and to the amount of sialic acid removed from the cells by the virus (r = 0.98). Desialation represents a specific alteration of the cell surface by which a nonimmune host, through activation of the alternative pathway, may deposit C3b on a target cell that had been exposed to influenza virus and may lyse virus virus-modified cells during orthomyxovirus infections.
Activation of rat B lymphocytes. I. Characterization of anti-immunoglobulin responses and isotype density of rat B cells.
Authors: Rosenberg J S , Feldman J D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells of two rat strains, Lewis and Brown Norway (BN), have been activated by lectins and by antibodies specific for immunoglobulin isotypes embedded in their cell membranes. Optimal concentrations of antibodies specific for mu, gamma, or delta-chains of rat augments in vitro incorporation of 3H-TdR 5 to 18-fold in Lewis B lymphocytes and 1.5 to 4-fold in BN B lymphocytes. In addition, F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Ig reagents induced Lewis splenic B cells but not BN B cells to incorporate 3H-TdR. Responses to LPS and dextran sulfate, B lymphocyte mitogens, measured by radioactive uptake, were five to 10 times greater in Lewis B cell populations than in BN B cell populations. Density of surface Ig isotypes and capping kinetics were similar in the two rat strains, although the percentage of T cells, T cell subsets, B cells, and Ia+ B cells differed in the spleens of these strains of rats. Both T lymphocytes and macrophages were needed in culture to effect an optimal response. IL-2 restored the response in B cell cultures depleted of T cells and macrophages, and enhanced 3H-TdR uptake in whole spleen cells of Lewis but not BN rats. The strain-dependent responsiveness of B cells to specific anti-Ig reagents or B cell mitogens appears to be associated with inherent (genetic) defects in T cells and B cells or defects in T cell to B cell cooperation in BN rats.
The effect of specific antibody on antibody-independent interactions between E. coli J5 and human complement.
Authors: Betz S J , Page N , Estrade C , Isliker H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We previously reported that Escherichia coli J5, the galactose epimerase-deficient mutant of E. coli O111:B4, can bind and activate purified human C1. The effects of hyperimmune rabbit anti-J5 IgG or IgM on E. coli J5 interactions with human C have been examined. Specific IgG or IgM increased the binding of 125I-C1 by J5. However, the rate of C1 activation, as determined by SDS-PAGE of eluted 125I-C1s, was decreased if bacteria were preincubated with immune IgG. Complexes formed between J5 preincubated with immune Ig and C1, under conditions in which all of the C1 was allowed to activate, consumed more C4 than J5 alone plus C1. However, the amount of C4 consumed per C1 molecule was identical for all bacteria preparations. Concentrations of specific IgG or IgM that significantly increased C1 binding did not appear to enhance C3b deposition upon incubation of E. coli J5 in NHS. Thus, although specific antibody may enhance C1 binding by E. coli J5, the ability of these additional C1 molecules to alter later events in the C cascade may depend on the control of C1 activation and its subsequent activity when bound to different membrane components.
Cellular and molecular properties of an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte line.
Authors: Bleackley R C , Havele C , Paetkau V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two cytotoxic T cell lines of CBA/J mouse origin have been generated, cloned, and characterized. One of these, MTL2, is cytotoxic for cells carrying the H-2(d) haplotype, the other MTL3, for H-2(b). Two clones of MTL2 differ significantly from each other in the morphology of the cells, although not in cytotoxicity. One has a higher number of intracellular vacuoles, or vesicles, and shows more of the typical attaching structures to the growth surface ("spikes") compared with the other. Cross-reactivity with a third-party alloantigen is enhanced by adding Con A to the cytotoxicity assay, but there is no self-killing either with or without Con A. The T cell lines show no rearrangement in their immunoglobulin heavy chain J and C(mu) genes. Normal T cells are also not rearranged, apparently, but normal B lymphocytes have both of their heavy chain alleles altered. Finally, cloned MTL2 cells contain less than five molecules of mu (IgM heavy chain constant region) mRNA per cell.
Characterization of the secretory activity of leukotriene B4 toward rabbit neutrophils.
Authors: Showell H J , Naccache P H , Borgeat P , Picard S , Vallerand P , Becker E L , Sha'afi R I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have described in det ail the secretory activity of leukotriene B4 toward rabbit neutrophils. Leukotriene B4 rapidly and vigorously degranulates rabbit neutrophils. This activity is stereospecific, cytochalasin B-dependent, and is enhanced by extracellular calcium. Pretreatment with leukotriene B4 deactivates rabbit neutrophils, i.e., cells so treated do not respond to stimulation by an additional bolus of leukotriene B4. In addition, the secretory activity of leukotriene B4 is sharply dependent on the simultaneous presence of cytochalasin B. Rabbit neutrophils therefore exhibit the previously described desensitization to the effect of cytochalasin B. In these and other discussed respects the characteristics of the leukotriene B4-induced degranulation of rabbit neutrophils are strikingly similar to those of the chemotactic factors. These results support the hypothesis that leukotriene B4 mediates, at least in part, the secretory, and possibly other, activities of chemotactic factors.