bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schurian‐finiteness of blocks of type A$A$ Hecke algebras
Authors: Ariki Susumu , Lyle Sinéad , Speyer Liron 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor any algebra over an algebraically closed field , we say that an ‐module is Schurian if . We say that is Schurian‐finite if there are only finitely many isomorphism classes of Schurian ‐modules, and Schurian‐infinite otherwise. By work of Demonet, Iyama and Jasso, it is known that Schurian‐finiteness is equivalent to ‐tilting‐finiteness, so that we may draw on a wealth of known results in the subject. We prove that for the type Hecke algebras with quantum characteristic , all blocks of weight at least 2 are Schurian‐infinite in any characteristic. Weight 0 and 1 blocks are known by results of Erdmann and Nakano to be representation finite, and are therefore Schurian‐finite. This means that blocks of type Hecke algebras (when ) are Schurian‐infinite if and only if they have wild representation type if and only if the module category has finitely many wide subcategories. Along the way, we also prove a graded version of the Scopes equivalence, which is likely to be of independent interest.
A phospho‐deficient α3 glycine receptor mutation alters synaptic glycine and GABA release in mouse spinal dorsal horn neurons
Authors: Werynska Karolina , Neumann Elena , Cramer Teresa , Ganley Robert P. , Gingras Jacinthe , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlycine receptors (GlyRs), together with GABAA receptors, mediate postsynaptic inhibition in most spinal cord and hindbrain neurons. In several CNS regions, GlyRs are also expressed in presynaptic terminals. Here, we analysed the effects of a phospho‐deficient mutation (S346A) in GlyR α3 subunits on inhibitory synaptic transmission in superficial spinal dorsal horn neurons, where this subunit is abundantly expressed. Unexpectedly, we found that not only were the amplitudes of evoked glycinergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) significantly larger in GlyRα3(S346A) mice than in mice expressing wild‐type α3GlyRs (GlyRα3(WT) mice), but so were those of GABAergic IPSCs. Decreased frequencies of spontaneously occurring glycinergic and GABAergic miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) with no accompanying change in mIPSC amplitudes suggested a change in presynaptic transmitter release. Paired‐pulse experiments on glycinergic IPSCs revealed an increased paired‐pulse ratio and a smaller coefficient of variation in GlyRα3(S346A) mice, which together indicate a reduction in transmitter release probability and an increase in the number of releasable vesicles. Paired‐pulse ratios of GABAergic IPSCs recorded in the presence of strychnine were not different between genotypes, while the coefficient of variation was smaller in GlyRα3(S346A) mice, demonstrating that the decrease in release probability was readily reversible by GlyR blockade, while the difference in the size of the pool of releasable vesicles remained. Taken together, our results suggest that presynaptic α3 GlyRs regulate synaptic glycine and GABA release in superficial dorsal horn neurons, and that this effect is potentially regulated by their phosphorylation status.
imageKey points
A serine‐to‐alanine point mutation was introduced into the glycine receptor α3 subunit of mice.
This point mutation renders α3 glycine receptors resistant to protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation but has otherwise only small effects on receptor function.
Patch‐clamp recordings from neurons in mouse spinal cord slices revealed an unexpected increase in the amplitudes of both glycinergic and GABAergic evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs).
Miniature IPSCs, paired‐pulse ratios and synaptic variation analyses indicate a change in synaptic glycine and GABA release.
The results strongly suggest that α3 subunit‐containing glycine receptors are expressed on presynaptic terminals of inhibitory dorsal horn neurons where they regulate transmitter release.
Identity and Discourse Among #ActuallyAutistic Twitter Users With Motor Differences
Authors: Chatterjee Riya , Fears Nicholas E. , Lichtenberg Gavin , Tamplain Priscila M. , Miller Haylie L. 
Published: August 2023

Despite a growing awareness of the prevalence of motor differences in the autistic community, their functional impact is poorly understood. Social media offers the ideal setting to observe this discourse in a less-contrived setting than lab-based structured interviews. The aims of the present study were (a) to determine the proportion of Twitter users who self-identify as autistic and dyspraxic/having developmental coordination disorder, relative to autistic alone, and (b) to identify common themes emerging from two moderated chat threads with motor-related prompts. Using the Twitter research application programming interface, we harvested data from users’ public profiles and tweets containing terms related to autism and developmental coordination disorder within a 1-month time period. We also harvested data from two #AutChat threads related to motor skills, which included 151 tweets from 31 unique autistic users (two with co-occurring developmental coordination disorder). Of these tweets, 44 were explicitly about motor differences, while the remainder consisted of discussion topics more loosely associated with motor skills. The following common themes were quantified: manual dexterity, lower extremity, oral motor, gross motor, posture, balance, stimming, movement pain, and coordination. Together, these findings indicate that motor differences are highly recognized and discussed among autistic individuals but are not overtly integrated into their identities at the same rate.
Comparison of analytical sensitivity of DNA-based and RNA-based nucleic acid amplification tests for reproductive tract infection pathogens: implications for clinical applications
Authors: Ma Yu , Jiang Jian , Han Yanxi , Chen Yuqing , Diao Zhenli , Huang Tao , Feng Lei , Chang Lu , Wang Duo , Zhang Yuanfeng , Li Jinming , Zhang Rui 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Currently, DNA-based nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and RNA-based NAATs are employed to detect reproductive tract infection (RTI) pathogens including
Chlamydia trachomatis
(
CT
),
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(
NG
), and
Ureaplasma urealyticum
(
UU
). Although evaluations of DNA-based NAATs have already existed, the comparison of the two methods is scarce. Thus, we compared the limits of detection (LODs) of DNA-based and RNA-based NAATs on the same experimental conditions. Inactivated culture supernatants of
CT
,
NG,
and
UU
with determined pathogen DNA and RNA load were used to evaluate LODs of seven DNA kits and one RNA kit. The LODs of the seven DNA kits for
CT
,
NG,
and
UU
ranged between 38–1,480, 94–20,011, and 132–2,011 copies/mL, respectively. As for RNA kits, they could detect samples at RNA concentrations of 3,116, 2,509, and 2,896 copies/mL, respectively. The RNA concentrations of
CT
,
NG
, and
UU
were 40, 885, and 42 times that of corresponding pathogen DNA concentrations in the employed supernatants, so RNA kits could detect pathogen DNA concentrations as low as 78 copies/mL, 3 copies/mL, and 69 copies/mL, respectively, but the level of pathogen load that the RNA tests could detect was primarily dependent on the infectious phase and transcriptional level of RNA. Thus, a schematic of bacterial dynamics during the period of reproductive tract infections was provided, which suggests that in terms of the analytical sensitivity of pathogen detection, RNA tests are more suitable for detecting active infection and recovery phase, while DNA tests are more suitable for detection in the early stage of infection.

IMPORTANCE

Reproductive tract infections have considerable effects on the health of humans.
CT
,
NG
, and
UU
are common pathogens. Although evaluation of DNA-based tests has already existed, the comparison between DNA-based and RNA-based tests is rare. Therefore, this study compared the limits of detection of the two tests on the same experimental conditions. Results suggested that most DNA-based NAATs could detect
CT
,
NG
, and
UU
at DNA concentrations lower than 1,000 copies/mL, while RNA-based NAATs could detect bacteria at RNA concentrations around 3,000 copies/mL. Considering the copy number of RNA per bacterium is dynamic through the growth cycle, further comparison is combined with a schematic of bacterial dynamics. Results suggested that in terms of the analytical sensitivity of pathogen detection, RNA tests are more suitable for detecting active infection and recovery phase, while DNA tests are more suitable for detection in the early stage of infection.
Electroresponsive Materials for Soft Robotics
Authors: Kuznetsov N. M. , Banin E. P. , Krupnin A. E. , Krasheninnikov S. V. , Chichaev I. A. , Koroteev A. V. , Grigoriev T. E. , Chvalun S. N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The review considers the main approaches to the development of structural and active elements for actuators in soft robotics. An analysis of publications in the field of recent achievements in electroresponsive polymer materials operating on the principles of Maxwell pressure and electrostriction is provided. The main problems of the development of locomotor elements for soft robotics in terms of the design and structural analysis of actuators, and methods of activating the locomotor function, are noted. Moreover, some issues related to promising materials for soft robotics and methods for their production are considered. Great emphasis in the review is placed on an integrated approach and modern methods in the study of materials, including the use of mega-science facilities. Modern technological approaches to the design and manufacturing of soft-robotic devices are outlined. Appropriate analytical and numerical methods that allow relevant material models to be obtained for a comprehensive description of the behavior of actuators for soft robotics are considered. An overview of the functional prototypes of soft robots, designed according to the principle of nature-likeness, with active elements made of electroresponsive polymer materials is presented.
Model of Multifilamentary Resistive Switching for a Memristor with Hopping Conductivity
Authors: Demin V. A. , Ilyasov A. I. , Rylkov V. V. , Kashkarov P. K. , Kovalchuk M. V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany applications, including learning neuromorphic computing systems, require the analogue or, at least, multilevel resistive switching (RS) of memristor devices. In metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structures it is often associated with the creation of a large number of conductive channels, or filaments, but in the majority of cases, especially for the vacancy mechanism of RS, the direct observation of many filaments is difficult or impossible. In this work, a model of the explicit filament conductivity distribution for a nanocomposite (NC) LiNbO3-based memristor, that nonetheless may be applicable to other types of MIM memristors with hopping conductivity over dangling bonds in an amorphous insulator layer, is derived from physical principles. This model, in addition to indirect evidence from magnetic and capacitance measurements, reaffirms the multifilamentary RS mechanism by the approximation of experimental data on synaptic plasticity, i.e., a change in the conductivity of a memristor by a pair of pulses applied to it. The results of this research offer opportunities to study RS in MIM structures at the macroscopic level using model filament distributions and substantiates the possibility of successfully applying the considered NC memristors as synaptic elements of neuromorphic networks.
Exercise electrocardiography for pre-test assessment of the likelihood of coronary artery disease
Authors: Rasmussen Laust Dupont , Schmidt Samuel Emil , Knuuti Juhani , Newby David E , Singh Trisha , Nieman Koen , Galema Tjebbe W , Vrints Christiaan , Bøttcher Morten , Winther Simon 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo develop a tool including exercise electrocardiography (ExECG) for patient-specific clinical likelihood estimation of patients with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsAn ExECG-weighted clinical likelihood (ExECG-CL) model was developed in a training cohort of patients with suspected obstructive CAD undergoing ExECG. Next, the ExECG-CL model was applied in a CAD validation cohort undergoing ExECG and clinically driven invasive coronary angiography and a prognosis validation cohort and compared with the risk factor-weighted clinical likelihood (RF-CL) model for obstructive CAD discrimination and prognostication, respectively.In the CAD validation cohort, obstructive CAD was defined as >50% diameter stenosis on invasive coronary angiography. For prognosis, the endpoint was non-fatal myocardial infarction and death.ResultsThe training cohort consisted of 1214 patients (mean age 57 years, 57% males). In the CAD (N=408; mean age 55 years, 53% males) and prognosis validation (N=3283; mean age 57 years, 57% males) cohorts, 11.8% patients had obstructive CAD and 4.4% met the endpoint. In the CAD validation cohort, discrimination of obstructive CAD was similar between the ExECG-CL and RF-CL models: area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves 83.1% (95% CIs 77.5% to 88.7%) versus 80.7% (95% CI 74.6% to 86.8%), p=0.14. In the ExECG-CL model, more patients had very low (≤5%) clinical likelihood of obstructive CAD compared with the RF-CL (42.2% vs 36.0%, p<0.01) where obstructive CAD prevalence and event risk remained low.ConclusionsExECG incorporated into a clinical likelihood model improves reclassification of patients to a very low clinical likelihood group with very low prevalence of obstructive CAD and favourable prognosis.
Id-neoantigen vaccine induces therapeutic CD8+T cells against multiple myeloma: H chain-loss escapees cause FLC MM
Authors: Westhrin Marita , Blazevski Jana , Textor Ana , Abdollahi Pegah , Gopalakrishnan Ramakrishna Prabhu , Ngo Linda Thuy , Hofgaard Peter Olaf , Heinzelbecker Julia , Bobic Sonja , Fossum Even , Spång Heidi Cecilie Larsen , Braathen Ranveig , Bogen Bjarne 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) cancers originate from plasma cells that have passed through the germinal center reaction where somatic hypermutation of Ig V regions takes place. Myeloma protein V regions often express many mutations and are thus a rich source of neoantigens (traditionally called idiotopes (Id)). Therefore, these are highly tumor-specific and excellent targets for immunotherapy.MethodsWe have developed a DNA Id vaccine which as translated protein targets conventional dendritic cells (cDC) for CCL3-mediated delivery of myeloma protein V regions in a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) format. Vaccine efficacy was studied in the mouse MM model, mineral oil-induced plasmacytoma 315.BM.ResultsThe Id vaccine protected mice against a challenge with MM cells. Moreover, the vaccine had a therapeutic effect. However, in some of the vaccinated mice, MM cells not producing H chains escaped rejection, resulting in free light chain (FLC) MM. Depletion of CD8+T cells abrogated vaccine efficacy, and protection was observed to be dependent on cDC1s, using Batf3-/-mice. Modifications of scFv in the vaccine demonstrated that CD8+T cells were specific for two mutated VHsequences.ConclusionsVHneoantigen-specific CD8+T cells elicited by CCL3-containing Id vaccines had a therapeutic effect against MM in a mouse model. MM cells could escape rejection by losing expression of the H chain, thus giving rise to FLC MM.
Anifrolumab in lupus nephritis: results from second-year extension of a randomised phase II trial
Authors: Jayne David , Rovin Brad , Mysler Eduardo , Furie Richard , Houssiau Frédéric , Trasieva Teodora , Knagenhjelm Jacob , Schwetje Erik , Tang Weifeng , Tummala Raj , Lindholm Catharina 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo characterise the safety and efficacy of anifrolumab in active lupus nephritis (LN) through year 2 of the phase II randomised, double-blind Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway (TULIP)-LN trial (NCT02547922) of 2 anifrolumab dosing regimens versus placebo.MethodsPatients received intravenous anifrolumab 900 mg for the first 3 doses followed by 300 mg anifrolumab (intensified regimen (IR)), 300 mg anifrolumab (basic regimen (BR)) or placebo every 4 weeks throughout. To continue into Year 2, patients must have achieved at least partial renal response and a glucocorticoid tapering target.ResultsOf 147 randomised patients, 101 completed Year 1 study treatment; of these, 75 (74%) continued into Year 2 (anifrolumab IR: n=29, BR: n=23 and placebo: n=23). During Year 2, 72% of patients reported ≥1 adverse event (AE); serious AEs were reported in 6.9%, 8.7% and 8.7% of patients (anifrolumab IR, BR and placebo, respectively); 3 patients discontinued treatment due to an AE (anifrolumab IR: n=2 and placebo: n=1) and herpes zoster was reported in 2 patients (anifrolumab IR: n=1 and BR: n=1). The study was ongoing at the start of the pandemic, but no COVID-19 cases were reported. Of the 145 patients receiving treatment, more patients on the IR attained complete renal response at Week 104 compared with those on BR or placebo (27.3% vs 18.6% and 17.8%) and simultaneously achieved sustained glucocorticoid tapering (IR: 25.0%; BR: 18.6% and placebo: 17.8%). The improvements in estimated glomerular filtration rate were numerically larger in both anifrolumab groups versus placebo.ConclusionsThe safety and tolerability profile through Year 2 of TULIP-LN was generally consistent with Year 1, with promising efficacy results for the anifrolumab IR regimen. Collectively, the results support further investigation of an anifrolumab intensified dosing regimen in larger populations of patients with active proliferative LN.Trial registration numberNCT02547922.
Understanding experiences of potential harm among MSM (cis and trans) using HIV self-testing in the SELPHI randomised controlled trial in England and Wales: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Witzel T Charles , Nicholls Emily Jay , McCabe Leanne , Weatherburn Peter , McCormack Sheena , Bonell Christopher , Gafos Mitzy , Lampe Fiona C , Speakman Andrew , Dunn David , Ward Denise , Phillips Andrew N , Pebody Roger , Gabriel Michelle M , Collaco-Moraes Yolanda , Rodger Alison J , Burns Fiona M 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe potential of HIV self-testing (HIVST) to cause harm is a concern hindering widespread implementation. The aim of this paper is to understand the relationship between HIVST and harm in SELPHI (An HIVSelf-testingPublicHealthIntervention), the largest randomised trial of HIVST in a high-income country to date.Methods10 111 cis and trans men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited online (geolocation social/sexual networking apps, social media), aged 16+, reporting previous anal intercourse and resident in England or Wales were first randomised 60/40 to baseline HIVST (baseline testing, BT) or not (no baseline testing, nBT) (randomisation A). BT participants reporting negative baseline test, sexual risk at 3 months and interest in further HIVST were randomised to three-monthly HIVST (repeat testing, RT) or not (no repeat testing, nRT) (randomisation B). All received an exit survey collecting data on harms (to relationships, well-being, false results or being pressured/persuaded to test). Nine participants reporting harm were interviewed in-depth about their experiences in an exploratory substudy; qualitative data were analysed narratively.ResultsBaseline: predominantly cis MSM, 90% white, 88% gay, 47% university educated and 7% current/former pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users. Final survey response rate was: nBT=26% (1056/4062), BT=45% (1674/3741), nRT=41% (471/1147), RT=50% (581/1161).Harms were rare and reported by 4% (n=138/3691) in exit surveys, with an additional two false positive results captured in other study surveys. 1% reported harm to relationships and to well-being in BT, nRT and RT combined. In all arms combined, being pressured or persuaded to test was reported by 1% (n=54/3678) and false positive results in 0.7% (n=34/4665).Qualitative analysis revealed harms arose from the kit itself (technological harms), the intervention (intervention harms) or from the social context of the participant (socially emergent harms). Intervention and socially emergent harms did not reduce HIVST acceptability, whereas technological harms did.DiscussionHIVST harms were rare but strategies to link individuals experiencing harms with psychosocial support should be considered for HIVST scale-up.Trial registration numberISRCTN20312003.
Detrital geochronology of the Cunningham Lake formation: an overlap succession linking Cache Creek terrane to Stikinia at ∼205 Ma
Authors: Milidragovic D. , Ootes L. , Zagorevski A. , Cleven N. , Wall C.J. , Luo Y. , Friedman R.M. 
Published: August 2023

Detrital zircon from three coarse-grained marine siliciclastic rocks was analyzed for U–Pb, Lu–Hf, and trace element compositions to constrain the timing of deposition and sediment provenance of the Cunningham Lake formation (formerly siliciclastic unit of the Sitlika assemblage) in north-central British Columbia. This strategy tests previously proposed sedimentary linkages between the Cache Creek terrane and the westerly rocks of the Stikine terrane. All three samples indicate maximum depositional ages at ca. 205–202 Ma (Rhaetian). The samples contain a predominant ca. 225–215 Ma detrital population, sourced from proximal contemporaneous volcanic arcs, and minor Permian to Middle Triassic and Carboniferous arc-derived detrital populations. The absence of Precambrian grains is consistent with the strongly suprachondritic zircon compositions (εHf(t) = +7 to +20), and indicates exclusively juvenile sources for the Cunningham Lake formation. Late Triassic sources of zircon are not known in the Cache Creek terrane and, except within western Stikine terrane, are uncommon among the Intermontane terranes that amalgamated with the Cache Creek terrane during Late Triassic–Early Jurassic. The Stikine suite (ca. 230–214 Ma) and coeval volcanic rocks in western Stikinia are the most probable sources of Late Triassic detritus for the Cunningham Lake formation. Stikinia’s Paleozoic basement is the probable source of Carboniferous detrital zircon. Volcanic arc–backarc complexes in the Cache Creek terrane are the most likely sources of Permian to Middle Triassic detritus in the Intermontane terranes. Accordingly, the siliciclastic rocks of the Cunningham Lake formation represent an overlap sedimentary succession that links Stikinia to the Cache Creek terrane by the latest Triassic.
Diplomats as Skilful Bricoleurs of the Digital Age: EU Foreign Policy Communications from the COREU to WhatsApp
Authors: Bicchi Federica , Lovato Marianna 
Published: August 2023

Summary
The article analyses how and to what effect diplomats navigate a landscape in which the physical and the digital have become inextricably intertwined, with emphasis on written communications in the European Union (EU) foreign policy system from the 1970s to the present. Putting International Relations literature into dialogue with Management Studies (particularly media richness theory and sense-making), it looks at how diplomats work their way through different forms of digital written communications. It addresses the effects of diplomacy’s digitalisation in terms of time, space and confidentiality. Digital tools have hastened diplomacy’s tempo and affected security considerations, while they have had mixed effects in terms of centre–periphery relations in diplomatic conversations, particularly for gender and wealth. The EU foreign policy system exemplifies these dynamics, from the spectacular rise of the COREU system to its decline in favour of faster, easier-to-use technologies such as e-mail and texting.