bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss Mask is all Your Need
Authors: Li Shun , Zhu Mengshi 
Published: February 2023

<p> In this paper, we propose an idea to improve various types of loss functions. It is different from the current idea of balancing the errors by increasing the number of input samples in each batch. We directly mask the top values of the error ranking to zero. During the error back-propagation, this means that the samples corresponding to that loss will not affect the parameter update of the network. In other words, even if a small number of samples are artificially mislabeled, it will not theoretically have much impact on the performance of the network. Instead, deliberately discarding anomalous losses will help smooth the training of the network. We conduct experiments on several regression and classification tasks, and the results show that the proposed method in this paper can effectively improve the expected performance of the network. </p>
PENURUNAN KADAR SURFAKTAN, NITROGEN DAN PHOSPAT AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK DENGAN ECO ENZIM
Authors: WIDYASTUTI SRI , Rhenny Ratnawati  , Sugito  , Yoso Wiyarno  , Pungut  
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengaplikasian eco enzyme terhadap kadar surfaktan, nitrogen dalam bentuk ammonia, nitrit dan nitrat serta phospat pada air limbah domestik.
Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan eco enzim dengan konsentrasi 0 % (R1), 10% (R2), 20% (R3) dan 25% (R4). Pengambilan sampel pada hari ke -0, ke-3, ke-6, ke-9, ke12 dan ke-15.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, konsentrasi eco enzim yang paling efektif untuk menurunkan kadar adalah pada konsentrasi 25 %. Kadar surfaktan turun sebanyak 0,77%, kadar nitrit turun sebanyak 0,79 % , kadar nitrat turun sebanyak 0,85 %, kadar amonia turun sebanyak 0,96% dan kadar phospat turun sebesar 0,92%. Secara keseluruhan penurunan belum memenuhi baku mutu yang sesuai dengan Lampiran III Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 72 Tahun 2013 untuk Limbah Domestik di Pemukiman.
An assessment of seed germination under the effect of natural dyes
Authors: Sheikh Rubeena , Pandey G. P. 
Published: February 2023

Natural dyes are extracted from leaves, flowers, fruits etc. These substances are natural,

hence after the extraction of natural dyes from them they are disposed off in the soil. Even the natural dyes after being used up are disposed off in the soil. Some experiments were conducted in order to show that these dyes during their production and after their use disposed in the soil, they do not spoil the soil quality. On the other hand the waste left after the extraction of dyes serves as manure, hence enriches the soil, Gram & Wheat were taken for experimental purpose, and their morphological characters like shoot length, root length, fresh weight & dry weight were studied by growing them in solutions containing different concentration of natural dyes. These characters were then compared with seed grown in deionised water. Analysis of variance was applied to know whether the difference was significant or insignificant.
MANAJEMEN INVESTASI KEUANGAN HAJI SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN
Authors: Syahrullah Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Pengelolaan Keuangan Haji mengamanatkan dana haji dikelola secara korporasi dan professional agar memberi manfaat yang besar bagi penyelenggaraan ibadah haji yang berkualitas, rasionalitas, dan efisiensi dalam penggunaan biaya penyelenggaraan ibadah haji (BPIH), dan kemaslahatan umat Islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Manajemen Pengelolaan Dana Haji, proses pemilihan jenis investasi, dan sistem monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap investasi yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pengelola Keuangan Haji (BPKH). Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dimana penerapannya mempertimbangkan data yang diperoleh dilapangan dalam manajemen investasi keuangan haji. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa resiko yang harus dimitigasi sebelum melakukan investasi, memilih jenis investasi terbaik diantara berbagai alternatif investasi langsung yang ada dengan melakukan diversifikasi yang memiliki resiko kecil dan return yang besar. Dalam hal system monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap investasi, BPKH bisa mencontoh skema investasi Tabung Haji Malaysia.

Kata Kunci : Keuangan Haji, Manajemen Investasi
An Iterative OLA Method for Inversion of Solar Spectropolarimetric Data. I. Single- and Multiple-variable Inversions of Thermodynamic Quantities
Authors: Agrawal Piyush , Rast Mark P. , Cobo Basilio Ruiz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper describes an adaptation of the Optimally Localized Averaging (OLA) inversion technique, originally developed for geo- and helioseismological applications, to the interpretation of solar spectroscopic data. It focuses on inverting the thermodynamical properties of the solar atmosphere, assuming that the atmosphere and radiation field are in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We leave inversions of magnetic field and non-LTE inversions for future work. The advantage with the OLA method is that it computes solutions that are optimally depth resolved with minimal crosstalk error between variables. Additionally, the method allows for direct assessment of the vertical resolution of the inverted solutions. The primary challenges faced when adapting the method to spectroscopic inversions originate with the possible large-amplitude differences between the atmospheric model used to initiate the inversion and the underlying atmosphere it aims to recover, necessitating the development of an iterative scheme. Here, we describe the iterative OLA method we have developed for both single and multivariable inversions and demonstrate its performance on simulated data and synthesized spectra. We note that, when carrying out multivariable inversions, employing response function amplification factors can address the inherent spectral sensitivity bias that makes it hard to invert for less spectrally sensitive variables. The OLA method can, in most cases, reliably invert as well as or better than the frequently employed Stokes Inversion based on Response functions (SIR) scheme, but some difficulties remain. In particular, the method struggles to recover large-scale offsets in the atmospheric stratification. We propose future strategies to improve this aspect.
Discovery of an Isolated Dark Dwarf Galaxy in the Nearby Universe
Authors: Xu Jin-Long , Zhu Ming , Yu Naiping , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Liu Xiao-Lan , Ai Mei , Jiang Peng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Based on a new H i survey using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), combined with the Pan-STARRS1 images, we identified an isolated H i cloud without any optical counterpart, named FAST J0139+4328. The newly discovered H i cloud appears to be a typical disk galaxy since it has a double-peak shape in the global H i profile and an S-like rotation structure in the velocity-position diagram. Moreover, this disk galaxy has an extremely low absolute magnitude (M
B > −10.0 mag) and stellar mass (<6.9 ×105
M
⊙). Furthermore, we obtained that the H i mass of this galaxy is (8.3 ± 1.7) ×107
M
⊙, and the dynamical mass to total baryonic mass ratio is 47 ± 27, implying that dark matter dominates over baryons in FAST J0139+4328. These findings provide observational evidence that FAST J0139+4328 is an isolated dark dwarf galaxy with a redshift of z = 0.0083. This is the first time that an isolated dark galaxy has been detected in the nearby universe.
Multi-band Tractor Forced Photometry and Redshifts in the CDFS and XMM-LSS Fields
Authors: Nyland Kristina , Lacy Mark , Brandt W. N. , Yang Guang , Ni Qingling , Sajina Anna , Zou Fan , Vaccari Mattia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a catalog of multi-band forced photometry in the CDFS and XMM-LSS fields. We used The Tractor image-modeling software to produce de-blended photometry across 13 to 15 optical/infrared bands and determine photometric redshifts. Our catalog, which is publicly available on IRSA, contains ∼1.5 million sources and covers a total area of ∼9 deg2.
The Behavior of He-weak in the Far-UV—Paper I: HD 5737
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The analysis of 28 spectra of the bright B6 He-weak star HD 5737 recorded by the SWP camera on board the International Ultraviolet Explorer reveals one instance of marginal variation of the far-ultraviolet flux of this star from 1300 up to 1700 Å. All the other large aperture spectra show a remarkably constant spectral energy distribution. Over the 6 yr of the IUE mission, HD 5737 has experienced at least two episodes of very strong absorption in the C iv resonance lines at 1548.19 and 1550.77 Å,
Metabolic Bone Disease in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sharma Brij , Sharma Neetu , Bodh Vishal , Sharma Rajesh , Sharma Vineeta , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Metabolic bone disease (MBD), including osteomalacia, osteopenia, and osteoporosis, is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is considered to be an extraintestinal manifestation. There is a paucity of reports on MBD in patients with IBDs from India. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of MBD in adult patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Materials and Methods:
In this single–center, hospital–based, cross-sectional observational study, 161 consecutive patients of UC, between 18 and 70 years of age, were assessed for MBD with blood investigation (corrected serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3, and parathyroid hormone levels) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Results:
Out of 161 UC patients, 74 (46.0%) had Vitamin D deficiency. Osteopenia and osteoporosis of the neck of the femur on DEXA were seen in 39.7% and 11.2% of the patients, respectively. Osteopenia and osteoporosis of the lumbar spine on DEXA were seen in 33.5% and 15.5% of the patients, respectively.

Conclusion:
MBD is common in UC.
Knowledge and Attitude of MBBS Students Regarding Organ Donation
Authors: Parida Swayam Pragyan , Giri Prajna Paramita , Mohapatra Debjyoti , Sahu Dinesh Prasad , Patnaik Madhumita , Bhatia Vikas 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The organ donation rate in India is much lower than the developed countries, which leads to long waiting for the recipient. Religious beliefs, misconceptions, and lack of awareness were a few of the reasons. The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate medical students regarding organ donation.

Methodology:
The study was conducted in a tertiary care center in eastern India from February to April 2019. A total of 285 undergraduate students were randomly selected and interviewed by using a pretested structured questionnaire. The data were entered and analyzed. Categorical data were presented as proportion or percentages.

Results:
Among the participants, 98.6% were aware of organ donation and television was the major source of knowledge for most of them. The participants were found to have a good knowledge regarding organ donation. However, their knowledge was poor regarding the legal framework. Despite knowledge, the attitude toward organ donation was poor among the students.

Conclusion:
Lack of complete knowledge among health-care providers and particularly doctors can affect the organ donation activity. In a country like India, where the organ donation rate is poor, health-care providers need to take initiative to encourage people. The subject of organ donation should be incorporated into the medical curriculum to improve the knowledge of medical students.
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Lipid Profile in Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Children of Immune Stage III and IV
Authors: Singh Neelam , Garg Vijendra Kumar , Meena Rohitash , Sharma Rambabu , Gothwal Sunil 
Published: February 2023

Background:
There are increasing concerns about the adverse effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on lipid profiles. Limited studies reported the adverse effects of HAART on lipid profiles from the Indian subcontinent.

Methods:
This observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North Western India. The objective of the study was to find out the adverse effects on lipid profiles after HAART initiation in newly diagnosed HIV-infected children of immune stage III and IV in the 18 months to 16 year age group. These 43 children were evaluated every 3 months for lipid profile for 1 year.

Results:
There was a nonsignificant increase in total lipid and phospholipid levels and a statistically significant increase in triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels after initiation of HAART therapy and a statistically significant decline in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level after initiation of HAART therapy in immune phase III. The mean level of total lipid profile, phospholipids, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and TGs before starting of treatment was 474 mg/dl, 147 mg/dl, 126.8 mg/dl, 44.7 mg/dl, 94.3 mg/dl, 22.9 mg/dl, and110 mg/dl in immune stage IV, respectively. After starting treatment, the mean level of total lipid profile, phospholipids, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and TGs was 495.7 mg/dl, 164 mg/dl, 146.5 mg/dl, 38.9 mg/dl, 108.5 mg/dl, 28.9 mg/dl, and 127.3 mg/dl in immune stage IV, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in total lipid, TG, phospholipid, cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL levels. There was a statistically significant decline in HDL level after initiation of HAART therapy in immune stage IV.

Conclusions:
We concluded that there was a significant alteration in lipid profile in HIV-infected children of immune stage III and IV with HAART.
Hues to Blow Away the Blues: Management of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Child Sexual Assault Victim
Authors: Malhi Prahbhjot , Bharti Bhavneet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In India, children are disproportionately affected by sex-related crimes, and nearly 40000 cases were reported under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act in 2018. Sexual assault is the most common trauma associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among young people. Children with preexisting vulnerabilities, such as family dysfunction, emotional abuse and neglect, disengagement in the education system, lack of positive attachments, and socioeconomic disadvantage are especially vulnerable to sexual abuse. In this case report, we highlight the successful use of creative art therapy to help a girl who developed PTSD after sexual assault by an adult male neighbor. Multifaceted prevention programs may be one way of reaching out to large numbers of families without stigmatizing any group.
Prevalence of Adjustment Disorder during COVID-19 in Northeast India: An Observational Study
Authors: Bala Renu , Srivastava Amit , Ningthoujam Gouri Devi , Potsangbam Thadoi , Anal Lily 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) aims to provide a new definition of adjustment disorder (AjD), which is one of the most frequently diagnosed disorders. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the mental health of people and the associated stressors could lead to AjD. The study aimed to investigate the AjD symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic based on the ICD-11 concept on a clinical sample.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between June 10, 2020, and August 9, 2020, among patients visiting the outpatient department of the authors’ institute. Prevalence rates of stressors due to COVID-19 and AjD were estimated using scale of the International AjD Questionnaire (IADQ).

Results:
The study enrolled 723 subjects and 638 subjects endorsed at least one psychological stressor. The IADQ algorithm showed that 25.24% (161) of subjects were suffering from AjD due to the COVID-19 pandemic with a mean score of 20.29 (standard deviation = 4.26) among them. The most common stressors were related to financial problems (81.03%), work problem (63.17%), and personal health problems (27.43%).

Conclusion:
The high proportion of AjD during COVID-19 in this study may reflect a need for specific interventions. Provision for health-care services for such individuals is essential to avoid other mental disorders in the future.
Quality of life among patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: Impact of stigma, severity of illness, insight, and beliefs
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Garg Rohit , Raj Rajnish 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:No Indian studies have evaluated the impact of stigma, severity, and insight on the quality of life in obsessive compulsive disorder.Methods:A hospital-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study on 100 patients of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, was conducted. Data were collected using socio-demographic performa, Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS), WHOQoL-Bref hindi, hindi stigma scale, and Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS) from March to June 2021. Appropriate statistical analyses were used.Results:A majority of patients were males (58%), married (65%), above matric pass (89%), and belonged to rural areas (62%). The total stigma score showed a significant negative correlation with overall QoL (P< 0.01**), overall health (P< 0.002**), satisfaction with physical health (P0.006**), psychological health (P< 0.01**), and social relations (P< 0.01**) on WHOQoL-Bref. Discrimination, disclosure, and positive aspect domains of the stigma scale also showed a significant negative correlation with many domains of QoL. Severity of illness showed a significant negative correlation with overall QoL (P0.045*), satisfaction with physical health (P< 0.01**), psychological health (P0.01**), social relations (P0.004**), and environment (P0.007**). Poorer insight on BABS was associated with poorer overall health (P0.04*), satisfaction with physical health (P0.001**), social relations (P0.03**), and environment (P0.009**). Stigma was significantly increased by higher severity of obsessions (P0.04*), compulsions (P0.007**), and total Y-BOCS score (P0.007**).Conclusion:Stigma and severity of OCD have a significant negative impact on quality of life. Stigma reduction and appropriate management of severity should be an integral part of management for patients with OCD.
Are vitamin D, B12, and folate deficiency associated with depressive disorder? A case-control study
Authors: Bharti Abhishek , Tevatia Manvir Singh , Prakash Jyoti , Yadav Arun Singh , Bajaj Swati 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Depression is a global burden with complex etiopathogenesis. Some nutrients including vitamin D, B12, and folate deficiency have been considered risk factors for depression. Therefore, this study has been contemplated to find out the possible association of vitamin D, B12, and folate deficiency with depression.

Method:
This study included 81 case subjects with depression and 95 control subjects without any International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis. The sociodemographic details were collected from each subject. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to identify the severity of depression. The blood samples were collected and measured for vitamin D, B12, and folate along with other laboratory investigations as per exclusion criteria. The data were obtained and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of the case and control subjects were 34.86 ± 9.25 and 33.49 ± 8.44, respectively, without any significant difference (P > 0.05). The subjects with vitamin D deficiency were found to have four times higher odds (OR 4.703; 95% CI = 2.378–9.300) for depression compared to subjects with sufficient vitamin D levels. In addition, there was a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and the severity of depression as per BDI scoring (r = -.384, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant association identified between the case and control group with respect to serum vitamin B12 and folate levels.

Conclusion:
The results of the study revealed that vitamin D deficiency has an association with depression. However, further research studies are needed to validate its correlation to the etiopathogenesis of depression.
Review of Clinical and Hematological Profile of Hemoglobin D Cases in a Single Centre
Authors: Singh Neha , Seth Tulika , Tyagi Seema 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Hemoglobin D Punjab is a common hemoglobin D variant, which is essentially known to cause a mild disease even in homozygous state. Heterozygous state of hemoglobin D Punjab with sickle cell is the only presentation when a severe disease may be expected. We aim to study the spectrum of clinical and haematological profile of all case of haemoglobin D, reported at an apex referral centre of the country.

Material and Methods:
This is a record based retrospective study of cases of hemoglobin D Punjab from hematology OPD of a apex medical care centre. The clinical and hematological findings of 30 cases with genotype/phenotype of hemoglobin D Punjab were recorded from physical records and electronic data maintained at the institute. The cases were divided into homozygous Hb D Punjab, Double heterozygous hemoglobin S and D, Hemoglobin D-β–thalassemia, and Hemoglobin D trait.

Results:
The reported 30 cases consisted of 3 cases of homozygous Hb D Punjab, 8 cases of co-mutation of Hb D and beta thalassemia, 6 cases of co-mutation of Hb D with sickle cell and 13 cases of Hb D trait. All three cases of Hb D disease were mild to moderately symptomatic with co-existent splenomegaly. Out of the 8 cases reported of Hb D-β–thalassemia, three cases were found to have moderate anemia and one with severe anemia. The MCV of all participants were reduced, while, MCHC of all cases was within normal range. Among the 6 cases of compound heterozygous Hb D and S Disease two had hemolytic faces and three cases had splenomegaly. Blood transfusion was required by four out of six cases at varied frequency.

Conclusion:
We find the spectrum of symptoms presented by the cases of hemoglobin D Punjab is varied and few cases may require blood transfusion and medical care with follow up even in absence of heterozygous hemoglobin S inheritance.