bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal variation in declarative memory and the involvement of SCOP in cognitive functions in nonhuman primates
Authors: Shimizu Kimiko , Inoue Ken-ichi , Oishi Takao , Takada Masahiko , Fukada Yoshitaka , Imai Hiroo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCognitive functions depend on the time of day in various organisms. Previously, we found that 24-h recognition memory performance of nocturnal mice changes diurnally through SCOP protein-dependent regulation. It remains unknown whether diurnal change and SCOP-dependent regulation of memory performance are conserved across species with diurnal/nocturnal habits. We tested whether the memory performance of diurnal Japanese macaques depends on the time of day. The memory association between bitter taste of drinking water and the nozzle color of the water bottle was established during the light period of the day to evaluate of memory performance for macaques. Here we found diurnal variation of declarative memory in Japanese macaques. The middle of the daytime is the most effective time for memory performance during the light period. To assess whether SCOP is involved in declarative memory performance, we interfered with SCOP expression by using lentiviral vector expressing shRNA againstScopin the hippocampus of Japanese macaques.Scopknockdown in the hippocampus abrogated the memory performance in the middle of the daytime. Our results implicate that SCOP in the hippocampus is necessary for the diurnal rhythm of the memory system and that the SCOP-dependent memory regulation system may be conserved in mammals.
Optical spectral transmission to assess glucocorticoid therapy response in patients with arthritis: a longitudinal follow-up comparison with joint ultrasound
Authors: Triantafyllias Konstantinos , Marinoska Tatjana , Heller Caroline , de Blasi Michele , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Schwarting Andreas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Optical spectral transmission (OST) is a modern diagnostic modality, able to assess the blood-specific absorption of light transmitted through a tissue, promising quantification of inflammation in the finger and wrist joints of patients with arthritis. To date, there are no adequate data regarding the diagnostic value of OST in the evaluation of inflammatory activity changes, during arthritis follow-up.
Objectives of this study were therefore to examine the performance of OST in assessing response to anti-inflammatory therapy in patients with active arthritis and to explore OST associations with clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic (US) activity markers.

Methods
1173 joints of 54 patients with arthritides of the wrist and finger joints were examined by OST before and after oral administration of glucocorticoids (GC), during a disease flare. For the same time-points patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and joint US [grayscale (GSUS), power-Doppler (PDUS)] examinations. The distribution of ΔOST-values between the two time-points was compared with the respective distributions of ΔPDUS and ΔGSUS by Bayesian statistical analyses. Moreover, the diagnostic performance of OST compared to a control group (2508 joints of 114 subjects) was examined by receiver operating characteristics and associations of OST values with clinical, laboratory, and arthrosonographic parameters were evaluated by correlation analyses.

Results
OST and US performed similarly in the assessment of inflammatory changes caused by GC (same value-change tendency in 83.2% of the cases). Bayesian statistics revealed no significant differences between ΔOST and ΔPDUS for all 3 examined joint categories (accuracy: metacarpophalangeal (MCP): 68.1%; proximal interphalangeal (PIP): 60.4%; wrists: 50.4%) and between ΔOST and ΔGSUS for MCP and PIP joints (accuracy: 51.1% and 78.7%, respectively). OST diagnostic performance (patients vs. controls) was excellent in both time-points [area under the curve (AUC) before GC=0.883(95%CI=0.83–0.94) and after GC=0.811(95%CI=0.74–0.881); p<0.001]. Furthermore, OST correlated significantly with all examined sonographic activity scores (all; p<0.001) and with swollen joint counts (p<0.01).

Conclusions
OST was able to assess response to therapy in a similar way to joint US and correlated significantly with arthritis activity markers. Therefore, OST has proved to be a valuable tool to assist disease activity monitoring in the examined cohort.

Trial registration
German Registry of Clinical Trials, DRKS00016752
Mouse models of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Inoue Natsumi , Schulert Grant S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening complication of pediatric rheumatic diseases, occurring most commonly in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA). Despite several classes of currently available treatment options for SJIA, including biologic agents targeting IL-1 or IL-6, there remain severe cases suffering from refractory disease and recurrent MAS. The phenotype of MAS is similar to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), but the underlying pathophysiology of MAS complicating SJIA or other disorders has not been fully clarified. These facts make it challenging to develop and utilize animal models to study MAS. To date, there is no “perfect” model replicating MAS, but several models do demonstrate aspects of SJIA and/or MAS. In this review, we examine the proposed animal models of SJIA and MAS, focusing on how they reflect these disorders, what we have learned from the models, and potential future research questions. As we better understand the key features of each, animal models can be powerful tools to further define the pathophysiology of SJIA and MAS, and develop new treatment targets and strategies.
Association of prognostic nutritional index level and diabetes status with the prognosis of coronary artery disease: a cohort study
Authors: Li Tianyu , Yuan Deshan , Wang Peizhi , Zeng Guyu , Jia Sida , Zhang Ce , Zhu Pei , Song Ying , Tang Xiaofang , Gao Runlin , Xu Bo , Yuan Jinqing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition and inflammation are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes or coronary artery disease (CAD). Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a comprehensive and simple indicator reflecting nutritional condition and immunological status. Whether there is a crosstalk between nutritional-immunological status and diabetes status for the impact on the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear.

Methods
A total of 9429 consecutive CAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were grouped by diabetes status [diabetes (DM) and non-diabetes (non-DM)] and preprocedural PNI level [high PNI (H-PNI) and low PNI (L-PNI)] categorized by the statistically optimal cut-off value of 48.49. The primary endpoint was all-cause death.

Results
During a median follow-up of 5.1 years (interquartile range: 5.0–5.1 years), 366 patients died. Compared with the non-DM/H-PNI group, the DM/L-PNI group yielded the highest risk of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.97–3.56, p < 0.001), followed by the non-DM/L-PNI group (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.98, p = 0.026), while DM/H-PNI was not associated with the risk of all-cause death. The negative effect of L-PNI on all-cause death was significantly stronger in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients (p for interaction = 0.037). Preprocedural PNI category significantly improved the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score for predicting all-cause death in patients with acute coronary syndrome, especially in those with diabetes.

Conclusions
CAD patients with diabetes and L-PNI experienced the worst prognosis. The presence of diabetes amplifies the negative effect of L-PNI on all-cause death. Poor nutritional-immunological status outweighs diabetes in increasing the risk of all-cause death in CAD patients. Preprocedural PNI can serve as an assessment tool for nutritional and inflammatory risk and an independent prognostic factor in CAD patients, especially in those with diabetes.
Luteolin intake is negatively associated with all-cause and cardiac mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Li Duanbin , Shan Yu , Tao Yecheng , Chen Qingqing , Hu Tianli , Gao Menghan , Chen Zhezhe , Jiang Hangpan , Du Changqin , Wang Min , Guo Kai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Luteolin, a common flavonoid in our daily diet, has potent anti-diabetic effects. However, its prognostic impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still uncertain. This study aimed to clarify this association.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 2,461 patients with T2DM were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary luteolin intake was estimated by the type and amount of food consumed in a 24-hour dietary recall. All-cause and cardiac mortality were ascertained by National Death Index Mortality data (as of December 31, 2019). The association of luteolin intake with mortality risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
The median (interquartile range) luteolin intake was 0.355 (0.130, 0.835) mg/day. During the follow-up (median, 8.4 years), 561 all-cause deaths (including 136 cardiac deaths) were documented. Per-unit increment of luteolin intake (natural logarithm transformed) was found to reduce all-cause mortality by 7.0% (P = 0.024) and cardiac mortality by 22.6% (P = 0.001) in patients with T2DM. An inverse dose-response association was identified between luteolin intake (range: 0.005–9.870 mg/day) and mortality risk. The consistent result was also shown when stratified by age, gender, race, body mass index, HbA1c level, and T2DM duration. Moreover, luteolin intake increment was also shown to be associated with a lower C-reactive protein level at baseline (β =-0.332; 95% CI =-0.541, -0.122).

Conclusion
The current study confirmed that the dietary luteolin intake increment reduced all-cause mortality (especially cardiac mortality) in patients with T2DM, which may be attributed to the anti-inflammatory property of luteolin.

Graphical abstract
Fibrosis score 4 index has an independent relationship with coronary artery diseases in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Namakchian Maryam , Rabizadeh Soghra , Seifouri Sara , Asadigandomani Hassan , Bafrani Melika Arab , Seifouri Kiana , Avanaki Foroogh Alborzi , Rajab Armin , Nakhjavani Manouchehr , Esteghamati Alireza 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), one of the most common liver diseases, is detected in patients with concomitant hepatic steatosis and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). We looked into the relationship between Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and coronary artery diseases (CAD) in patients with MAFLD, to further look into the efficiency of FIB-4 in screening for CAD among patients with MAFLD.

Method
In this study, we included 1664 patients with MAFLD (T2D, who also had hepatic steatosis) during 2012–2022 and divided them into 2 groups; CAD and non-CAD. Demographic, Anthropometric indices, liver function tests, lipid profile and FIB-4 index of all patients were evaluated and compared.

Result
Among the 1644 patients (all have MAFLD), 364(21.4%) had CAD. Patients with MAFLD and CAD were more probable to be hypertensive, have longer duration of diabetes and be older (with p-values < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, in a multivariable logistic regression model, FIB4 showed a significant independent relationship with concomitant MAFLD and CAD. Upper Tertile FIB-4 had an odds ratio of 3.28 (P-value = 0.002) to predict CAD. Furthermore, in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis with the maximum Youden Index, a FIB-4 cut-off of 0.85 (AUC = 0.656, 95% CI 0.618–0.693, P < 0.001) noted to predict CAD in patients with MAFLD.

Conclusion
This study showed that the FIB-4 score independently correlates with CAD in patients with MAFLD.
Sex differences in the intergenerational link between maternal and neonatal whole blood DNA methylation: a genome-wide analysis in 2 birth cohorts
Authors: Hu Jie , Xu Xin , Li Jun , Jiang Yu , Hong Xiumei , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Wang Guoying , Hu Frank B. , Zhang Hongmei , Karmaus Wilfried J. , Wang Xiaobin , Liang Liming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The mother–child inheritance of DNA methylation (DNAm) variations could contribute to the inheritance of disease susceptibility across generations. However, no study has investigated patterns of mother–child associations in DNAm at the genome-wide scale. It remains unknown whether there are sex differences in mother–child DNAm associations.

Results
Using genome-wide DNAm profiling data (721,331 DNAm sites, including 704,552 on autosomes and 16,779 on the X chromosome) of 396 mother–newborn pairs (54.5% male) from the Boston Birth Cohort, we found significant sex differences in mother–newborn correlations in genome-wide DNAm patterns (Spearman’s rho = 0.91–0.98; p = 4.0 × 10–8), with female newborns having stronger correlations. Sex differences in correlations were attenuated but remained significant after excluding X-chromosomal DNAm sites (Spearman’s rho = 0.91–0.98; p = 0.035). Moreover, 89,267 DNAm sites (12.4% of all analyzed, including 88,051 [12.5% of analyzed] autosomal and 1,216 [7.2% of analyzed] X-chromosomal sites) showed significant mother–newborn associations in methylation levels, and the top autosomal DNAm sites had high heritability than the genome-wide background (e.g., the top 100 autosomal DNAm sites had a medium h2 of 0.92). Additionally, significant interactions between newborn sex and methylation levels were observed for 11 X-chromosomal and 4 autosomal DNAm sites that were mapped to genes that have been associated with sex-specific disease/traits or early development (e.g., EFHC2, NXY, ADCYAP1R1, and BMP4). Finally, 18,769 DNAm sites (14,482 [77.2%] on the X chromosome) showed mother–newborn differences in methylation levels that were significantly associated with newborn sex, and the top autosomal DNAm sites had relatively small heritability (e.g., the top 100 autosomal DNAm sites had a medium h2 of 0.23). These DNAm sites were mapped to 2,532 autosomal genes and 978 X-chromosomal genes with significant enrichment in pathways involved in neurodegenerative and psychological diseases, development, neurophysiological process, immune response, and sex-specific cancers. Replication analysis in the Isle of Wight birth cohort yielded consistent results.

Conclusion
In two independent birth cohorts, we demonstrated strong mother–newborn correlations in whole blood DNAm on both autosomes and ChrX, and such correlations vary substantially by sex. Future studies are needed to examine to what extent our findings contribute to developmental origins of pediatric and adult diseases with well-observed sex differences.
Residual unabsorbed midazolam: a case report
Authors: Baboolal Hemanth A. , Gulati A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Oral midazolam is commonly administered to reduce anxiety in children presenting for medical procedures or surgery. It is unclear what volume of medication remains unabsorbed in the stomach when the child presents for anesthetic induction prior to these procedures. The presence of any significant residual medication in the stomach has significant clinical implications in the postoperative period.

Case presentation
A 5-year-old white Caucasian boy presented for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after receiving oral midazolam liquid. Insertion of the endoscope into the stomach revealed a significant amount of unabsorbed medication remaining within the gastric cavity.

Conclusion
Clinicians should be aware that the sedative effects of midazolam may be present before the medication is fully absorbed. A significant amount of unabsorbed medication may be present in the stomach during medical procedures/surgery. This may continue to be absorbed in the intraoperative and postoperative period, with unwanted clinical effect.
Common clinical blood and urine biomarkers for ischemic stroke: an Estonian Electronic Health Records database study
Authors: Kurvits Siim , Harro Ainika , Reigo Anu , Ott Anne , Laur Sven , Särg Dage , Tampuu Ardi ,   the Estonian Biobank Research Team, Alasoo Kaur , Vilo Jaak , Milani Lili , Haller Toomas ,   the PRECISE4Q consortium
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIschemic stroke (IS) is a major health risk without generally usable effective measures of primary prevention. Early warning signals that are easy to detect and widely available can save lives. Estonia has one nation-wide Electronic Health Record (EHR) database for the storage of medical information of patients from hospitals and primary care providers.MethodsWe extracted structured and unstructured data from the EHRs of participants of the Estonian Biobank (EstBB) and evaluated different formats of input data to understand how this continuously growing dataset should be prepared for best prediction. The utility of the EHR database for finding blood- and urine-based biomarkers for IS was demonstrated by applying different analytical and machine learning (ML) methods.ResultsSeveral early trends in common clinical laboratory parameter changes (set of red blood indices, lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio, etc.) were established for IS prediction. The developed ML models predicted the future occurrence of IS with very high accuracy and Random Forests was proved as the most applicable method to EHR data.ConclusionsWe conclude that the EHR database and the risk factors uncovered are valuable resources in screening the population for risk of IS as well as constructing disease risk scores and refining prediction models for IS by ML.
Mutation screening of SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Li Chunyu , Hou Yanbing , Wei Qianqian , Lin Junyu , Jiang Zheng , Jiang Qirui , Yang Tianmi , Xiao Yi , Huang Jingxuan , Cheng Yangfan , Ou Ruwei , Liu Kuncheng , Chen Xueping , Song Wei , Zhao Bi , Wu Ying , Cao Bei , Chen Yongping , Shang Huifang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Recently, several rare variants of SPTLC1 were identified as disease cause for juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by disrupting the normal homeostatic regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). However, further exploration of the rare variants in large cohorts was still necessary. Meanwhile, SPTLC2 plays a similar role as SPTLC1 in the SPT function.

Methods
To explore the genetic role of SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 in ALS, we analyzed the rare protein-coding variants in 2011 patients with ALS and 3298 controls from the Chinese population with whole exome sequencing. Fisher’s exact test was performed between each variant and disease risk, while at gene level over-representation of rare variants in patients was examined with optimized sequence kernel association test (SKAT-O).

Results
Totally 33 rare variants with minor allele frequency < 0.01 were identified, including 17 in SPTLC1 and 16 in SPTLC2. One adult-onset patient carried the variant p.E406K (SPTLC1) which was reported in previous study. Additionally, three adult-onset patients carried variants in the same amino acids as the variants identified in previous studies (p.Y509C, p.S331T, and p.R239Q in SPTLC1). At gene level, rare variants of SPTLC1 and STPLC2 were not enriched in patients.

Conclusion
These results broadened the variant spectrum of SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 in ALS, and paved the way for future research. Further replication was still needed to explore the genetic role of SPTLC1 in ALS.
Detecting narwhal foraging behaviour from accelerometer and depth data using mixed-effects logistic regression
Authors: Jensen Frederik H. , Tervo Outi M. , Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter , Ditlevsen Susanne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Due to their Arctic habitat and elusive nature, little is known about the narwhal (Monodon monoceros) and its foraging behaviour. Understanding its ability to catch prey is essential for understanding its ecological role, but also to assess its ability to withstand climate changes and anthropogenic activities. Narwhals produce echolocation clicks and buzzing sounds as part of their foraging behaviour and these can be used as indicators of prey capture attempts. However, acoustic data are expensive to store on the tagging devices and require complicated post-processing. The main goal of this paper is to predict prey capture attempts directly from acceleration and depth data. The aim is to apply broadly used statistical models with interpretable parameters. The ultimate goal is to be able to estimate prey consumption without the more demanding acoustic data.

Results
We predict narwhal buzzing activity using mixed-effects logistic regression models with 83 features extracted from acceleration and depth data as explanatory variables. The features encompass both instantaneous values as well as delayed values to capture behavioural patterns lasting several seconds. The data correlations were not strong enough to predict the exact timing of the buzzes, but were reliably able to detect buzzes within a few seconds. Most of the of the buzz predictions were within 2 s of an observed buzz (68%), increasing to 94% within 30 s. Conversely, 46% of the observed buzzes were within 2 s of a predicted buzz, increasing to 82% within 30 s. Additionally, the model performed well, although with a tendency towards underestimation of the number of buzzes per dive. In total, we predicted 17, 557 buzzes versus 25, 543 observed across data from 10 narwhals. Classifying foraging and non-foraging dives yielded a precision of 86% and a recall of 91%.

Conclusion
We conclude that narwhal foraging estimation through acceleration and depth data is a valid alternative or supplement to buzz recordings, even when using somewhat simple statistical methods, such as logistic regression. The methods in this paper can be extended to foraging detection in similar marine species and can aid instrument development.