bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary game analysis of big data discriminatory pricing diffusion based on the supervision of relevant interest parties
Authors: Chai JiWen , Wang LiHao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe use of big data technology is significant for the market competition of two‐side enterprises. However, big data technology is likely to become a tool for discriminatory pricing, causing damage to the benefit‐relevant parties. This paper constructs a four party evolutionary game model between two‐side enterprises, governments, suppliers, and consumers. Lotka–Volterra model is introduced to explore the evolutionary impact of the supervisory behaviors of the benefit‐relevant parties on the diffusion of big data discriminatory pricing (BDDP) in two‐side enterprises. Using MATLAB simulation tools, the evolution game and diffusion evolution model are mathematically deduced, and the analogue simulation is used for correlation analysis. This paper can help two‐side enterprises, governments, suppliers, and consumers better understand the diffusion law of BDDP and more accurately predict the development of it. At the same time, it provides a quantitative theoretical basis for the reasonable decision‐making of governments, suppliers, and consumers.
Undergraduate school psychology courses: A potential tool for diversifying the field of school psychology?
Authors: Bocanegra Joel O. , Grapin Sally L. , Zhang Yanchen , Gubi Aaron A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMinoritized populations have historically been underrepresented within school psychology. Furthermore, school psychology is in the midst of what has been termed the shortages crisis. Previous research suggests that undergraduate psychology students have little knowledge or exposure to school psychology as compared with other branches of professional psychology. Research suggests that increased knowledge and exposure to school psychology is related to increased intentions to pursue school psychology. Scholars have advocated for the creation of undergraduate school psychology courses to increase exposure to school psychology. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of such courses. This study took place at a highly diverse northeastern public university and included 210 undergraduate students who were enrolled in an undergraduate school psychology course. Participants were asked to complete measures examining their knowledge, exposure, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and choice intentions for school psychology at the beginning and end of the course. Results indicate that students enrolled in school psychology courses demonstrated significant increases in perceived knowledge, exposure, self‐efficacy, and outcome expectations for school psychology. In addition, minoritized students demonstrated significantly greater increase in their knowledge and self‐efficacy after course completion than nonminoritized students. Implications for minoritized and general recruitment are discussed.
COP1 mutation causes low leaf temperature under various abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kim Joo Yong , Lee Seung Ju , Min Wang Ki , Cha Seoyeon , Song Jong Tae , Seo Hak Soo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStomata are microscopic pores on epidermal cells of leaves and stems that regulate water loss and gas exchange between the plant and its environment. Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in plant growth and development and multiple abiotic stress responses by regulating the stability of various target proteins. However, little is known about how COP1 controls stomatal aperture and leaf temperature under various environmental conditions. Here, we show that COP1 participates in leaf temperature and stomatal closure regulation under normal and stress conditions in Arabidopsis. Leaf temperature of cop1 mutants was relatively lower than that of wild type (WT) under drought, salt, and heat stress and after abscisic acid (ABA), CaCl2, and H2O2 treatments. However, leaf temperature was generally higher in both WT and cop1 mutants after abiotic stress and chemical treatment than that of untreated WT and cop1 mutants. Stomatal aperture was wider in cop1 mutants than that in WT under all conditions tested, although the extent of stomatal closure varied between WT and cop1 mutants. Under dark conditions, leaf temperature was also lower in cop1 mutants than that in WT. Expression of the genes encoding ABA receptors, ABA biosynthesis proteins, positive regulators of stomatal closure and heat tolerance, and ABA‐responsive proteins was lower in cop1 mutants that that in WT. In addition, expression of respiration‐related genes was lower in cop1 mutants that that in WT. Taken together, the data provide evidence that mutations in COP1 lead to wider stomatal aperture and higher leaf temperature under normal and stress conditions, indicating that leaf temperature is highly correlated with stomatal aperture.
Blue‐light‐induced atom transfer radical polymerization enabled by iron/copper dual catalysis
Authors: Schild Dirk J. , Bem Juliana , Szczepaniak Grzegorz , Jazani Arman Moini , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhotoinduced initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (PICAR ATRP) using sodium pyruvate and blue light (λmax = 456 nm) is reported. Water‐soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA500) was polymerized under biologically relevant conditions. Polymerizations were conducted with 1000 ppm (with respect to the monomer) concentrations of CuBr2, tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine, and 1000 ppm or less FeCl3 as a cocatalyst in water. Well‐defined polymers with up to 90% monomer conversion, high molecular weights (Mn > 190,000), and low dispersity (1.14 < Ð < 1.19) were synthesized in less than 60 min. The polymerization rate and dispersity were tuned by varying the concentration of sodium pyruvate (SP), iron, and supporting halide, as well as light intensity. The Cu/Fe dual catalysis provided oxygen tolerance enabling rapid, well‐controlled, aqueous PICAR ATRP of OEOMA500 without deoxygenation.
Examining elementary science teachers' responses to assessments tasks designed to measure their content knowledge for teaching about matter and its interactions
Authors: Mikeska Jamie N. , Cisterna Dante , Lakhani Heena , Bookbinder Allison K. , Myers David L. , Vaval Luronne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the importance of developing elementary science teachers' content knowledge for teaching (CKT), there are limited assessments that have been designed to measure the full breadth of their CKT at scale. Our overall research project addressed this gap by developing an online assessment to measure elementary preservice teachers' CKT about matter and its interactions. This study, which was part of our larger project, reports on findings from one component of the item development process examining the construct validity of 118 different CKT about matter assessment items. In this study, 86 elementary teachers participated in cognitive interviews to examine: (a) the knowledge and reasoning they used when responding to these CKT about matter assessment items and (b) the nature of the content challenges and the content teaching challenges they encountered. Findings showed that over 80% of participant interview responses indicated that the CKT about matter items functioned as hypothesized, providing evidence to support future use of these items on a large‐scale assessment and in studies of science teachers' CKT. When responding to the items, participants showed evidence of four main challenges with the science content: (a) using scientific concepts to reason about science tasks, (b) using adequate evidence to reason about science phenomenon, (c) drawing upon examples of scientific phenomena, and (d) drawing upon science vocabulary. Findings also showed that participants experienced challenges regarding the following content teaching aspects when responding to these items: (a) connecting to key scientific concepts involved in the work of teaching science, (b) attending to instructional goal(s), and (c) recognizing features of grade‐level appropriateness. Implications for using CKT items as part of large‐scale science assessment systems and identifying areas to target in elementary science teachers' CKT development are addressed.
Multi‐Level Information Encryption/Decryption of Fluorescent Hydrogels Based on Spatially Programmed Crystal Phases
Authors: Lan Xinyi , Xu Shanshan , Sun Chenxuan , Zheng Ying , Wang Bao , Shan Guorong , Bao Yongzhong , Yu Chengtao , Pan Pengju 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe growing urgence of information protection promotes continuously the development of information‐encryption technique. To date, hydrogels have become an emerging candidate for advanced information‐encryption materials, because of their unique stimulus responsiveness. However, current methods to design multi‐level information‐encrypted hydrogels usually need sophisticated chemistry or experimental setup. Herein, a novel strategy is reported to fabricate hydrogels with multi‐level information encryption/decryption functions through spatially programming the polymorphic crystal phases. As homocrystalline and stereocomplex crystal phases in fluorescent hydrogels have different solvent stabilities, the transparency and fluorescence of the hydrogels can be regulated, thereby enabling the multi‐level encryption/decryption processes. Moreover, the structural origins behind these processes are discussed. It is believe that this work will inspire future research on developing advanced information‐encryption materials upon programming the polymer crystal structure.
CRMF: A fault localization approach based on class reduction and method call frequency
Authors: Liu Hengyuan , Li Zheng , Wang Haifeng , Liu Yong , Chen Xiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIdentifying the location of faults in real‐world programs is one of the costly processes during software debugging. To reduce the debugging effort, various fault localization techniques have been proposed in recent years. Spectrum‐based fault localization (SBFL) is one kind of widely investigated fault localization technique. Most SBFL techniques first calculate the suspiciousness of program elements (such as statements, methods) to be faulty using the coverage information and execution results of tests. Then a rank list of program elements is generated according to their suspiciousness. However, some SBFL techniques only consider the binary coverage information (i.e., whether the program element is covered) but ignore some of the tests' running behaviors, such as the execution frequency when faults occur in the iteration entities or loop bodies, which are more likely to be faulty followed the propagation‐infection‐execution model. The execution frequency based techniques only replace the feature items of the existing formula limiting their effectiveness in fault localization. In this article, we propose a fault localization technique, class reduction and method call frequency (CRMF), which utilizes mutation analysis and information retrieval techniques. In particular, CRMF first uses mutation analysis to identify and reduce the classes, in which the program elements with a low probability of being faulty. Then we propose a new suspiciousness formula that applies information retrieval and considers method call frequency. To evaluate the effectiveness of CRMF, we conduct empirical studies on 264 real‐world programs from the Defects4J benchmark. Final results show that CRMF outperforms the statement frequency based technique FLSF and SBFL techniques (i.e., Ochiai, OP2, Tarantula, and Dstar) in both single‐fault programs and multiple‐fault programs. Specifically, CRMF can rank 29, 74, and 112 faults at the top 1, 3, 5 ranks and achieve a higher mean reciprocal rank for single‐fault programs and multiple‐fault programs. Finally, we discuss the essence of CRMF and analyze its effectiveness on multi‐fault programs in detail.
Apathy and APOE in mild behavioral impairment, and risk for incident dementia
Authors: Vellone Daniella , Ghahremani Maryam , Goodarzi Zahra , Forkert Nils D. , Smith Eric E. , Ismail Zahinoor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionMild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a high‐risk state for incident dementia and comprises five core domains including affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, social inappropriateness, psychotic symptoms, and apathy. Apathy is among the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia but can also develop in persons with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The later‐life emergence and persistence of apathy as part of the MBI syndrome may be a driving factor for dementia risk. Therefore, we investigated MBI‐apathy–associated progression to dementia, and effect modification by sex, race, cognitive diagnosis, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.MethodsDementia‐free National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center participants were stratified by persistent apathy status, based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)–Questionnaire scores at two consecutive visits. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident dementia for MBI‐apathy and NPI‐apathy relative to no NPS, and MBI‐apathy relative to no apathy, were determined using Cox proportional hazards regressions, adjusted for baseline age, sex, years of education, race, cognitive diagnosis, and APOE genotype. Interactions with relevant model covariates were explored.ResultsOf the 3932 participants (3247 with NC), 354 had MBI‐apathy. Of all analytic groups, MBI‐apathy had the greatest dementia incidence (HR = 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15–3.36, P < 0.001). Interaction effects were observed between cognitive diagnosis and APOE genotype with the NPS group. The contribution of apathy to dementia risk was greater in NC (HR = 5.91, 95% CI: 3.91–8.93) than in MCI (HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.69–2.77, interaction P < 0.001) and in all APOE genotypes, was greatest in APOE ɛ3 (HR = 4.25, 95% CI: 3.1–5.82, interaction P < 0.001).DiscussionIndividuals with MBI‐apathy have a markedly elevated risk for future dementia, especially when symptoms emerge in those with NC. Both cognitive status and APOE genotype are important moderators in the relationship between MBI‐apathy and incident dementia. MBI‐apathy may represent a group in whom apathy is a preclinical or prodromal manifestation of dementia and identify a precision medicine target for preventative interventions.
Construction and evaluation of gRNA arrays for multiplex CRISPR‐Cas9
Authors: Žun Gašper , Doberšek Katja , Petrovič Uroš 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEndonuclease system CRISPR‐Cas9 represents a powerful toolbox for the budding yeast's Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome perturbation. The resulting double‐strand breaks are preferentially repaired via highly efficient homologous recombination, which subsequently leads to marker‐free genome editing. The goal of this study was to evaluate precise targeting of multiple loci simultaneously. To construct an array of independently expressing guide RNAs (gRNAs), the genes encoding them were assembled through a BioBrick construction procedure. We designed a multiplex CRISPR‐Cas9 system for targeting 6 marker genes, whereby the gRNA array was expressed from a single plasmid. To evaluate the performance of the gRNA array, the activity of the designed system was assessed by the success rate of the introduction of perturbations within the target loci: successful gRNA expression, followed by target DNA double‐strand breaks formation and their repair by homologous recombination led to premature termination of the coding sequence of the marker genes, resulting in the prevention of growth of the transformants on the corresponding selection media. In conclusion, we successfully introduced up to five simultaneous perturbations within single cells of yeast S. cerevisiae using the multiplex CRISPR‐Cas9 system. While this has been done before, we here present an alternative sequential BioBrick assembly with the capability to accommodate many highly similar gRNA‐expression cassettes, and an exhaustive evaluation of their performance.
Using Big Data and Serverless Architecture to Follow the Emotional Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico
Authors: León-Sandoval Edgar , Zareei Mahdi , Barbosa-Santillán Liliana Ibeth , Morales Luis Eduardo Falcón 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented change in the lifestyle routines of millions of people. Beyond the multiple repercussions of the pandemic, we are also facing significant challenges in the population’s mental health and health programs. Typical techniques to measure the population’s mental health are semiautomatic. Social media allow us to know habits and daily life, making this data a rich silo for understanding emotional and mental well-being. This study aims to build a resilient and flexible system that allows us to track and measure the sentiment changes of a given population, in our case, the Mexican people, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We built an extensive data system utilizing modern cloud-based serverless architectures to analyze 760,064,879 public domain tweets collected from a public access repository to examine the collective shifts in the general mood about the pandemic evolution, news cycles, and governmental policies using open sentiment analysis tools. We provide metrics, advantages, and challenges of developing serverless cloud-based architectures for a natural language processing project of a large magnitude.
134 billion intersecting brane models
Authors: Loges Gregory J. , Shiu Gary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The landscape of string vacua is very large, but generally expected to be finite in size. Enumerating the number and properties of the vacua is an important task for both the landscape and the swampland, in part to gain a deeper understanding of what is possible and “generic”. We obtain an exact counting of distinct intersecting brane vacua of type IIA string theory on the 𝕋6/ℤ2× ℤ2 orientifold. Care is taken to only count gauge-inequivalent brane configurations. Leveraging the recursive nature by which branes may be added together one-by-one, we use dynamic programming to efficiently count the number of solutions of the tadpole, K-theory and supersymmetry consistency conditions. The distributions of 4D gauge group rank and complex structure moduli for the entire ensemble of intersecting brane vacua are presented. The methods we developed here may be useful in obtaining sharp upper and lower bounds on other corners of the landscape.
Localisation of Dirac modes in gauge theories and Goldstone’s theorem at finite temperature
Authors: Giordano Matteo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
I discuss the possible effects of a finite density of localised near-zero Dirac modes in the chiral limit of gauge theories with Nf degenerate fermions. I focus in particular on the fate of the massless quasi-particle excitations predicted by the finite-temperature version of Goldstone’s theorem, for which I provide an alternative and generalised proof based on a Euclidean SU(Nf )A Ward-Takahashi identity. I show that localised near-zero modes can lead to a divergent pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar correlator that modifies this identity in the chiral limit. As a consequence, massless quasi-particle excitations can disappear from the spectrum of the theory in spite of a non-zero chiral condensate. Three different scenarios are possible, depending on the detailed behaviour in the chiral limit of the ratio of the mobility edge and the fermion mass, which I prove to be a renormalisation-group invariant quantity.
Partial compositeness under precision scrutiny
Authors: Cai Haiying , Cacciapaglia Giacomo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We revisit the impact of top partial compositeness on electroweak precision observables in the misaligned vacuum basis. We identify a new source for S in the singlet mixing case, and for S-T in the bi-doublet mixing, stemming from misalignment in the gauge couplings of the top partners. Hence, a positive shift in T can be obtained in both cases, as preferred by the recent CDF measurement of the W mass. These results, obtained for the minimal fundamental coset SU(4)/Sp(4), apply to any composite Higgs model with top partial compositeness.
Dynamical evolution in the D1D5 CFT
Authors: Guo Bin , Mathur Samir D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is interesting to ask: how does the radial space direction emerge from the CFT in gauge-gravity duality? In this context we resolve a long-standing puzzle with the gravity duals of two classes of states in the D1D5 CFT. For each class the CFT states are in the untwisted sector, suggesting that the energy gap should be 1/Ry where Ry is the radius of the circle on which the D1D5 CFT is compactified. For one class of states, the gravity dual indeed has exactly this gap, while for the other class, the gravity dual has a very deep throat, leading to an energy gap much smaller than 1/Ry. We resolve this puzzle by showing that for the latter class of states, perturbing the CFT off its free point leads to the formation of a band structure in the CFT. We also explain why such a band structure does not arise for the first class of states. Thus for the case where a deep throat emerges in the gravity description, the dynamics of falling down this throat is described in the CFT as a sequential ‘hopping’ between states all of which have the same energy at the free point; this hopping amplitude converts an integer spaced spectrum into a closely spaced band of energy levels.
Quantum interference in gravitational particle production
Authors: Basso Edward , Chung Daniel J. H. , Kolb Edward W. , Long Andrew J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous numerical investigations of gravitational particle production during the coherent oscillation period of inflation displayed unexplained fluctuations in the spectral density of the produced particles. We argue that these features are due to the quantum interference of the coherent scattering reactions that produce the particles. We provide accurate analytic formulae to compute the particle production amplitude for a conformally- coupled scalar field, including the interference effect in the kinematic region where the production can be interpreted as inflaton scattering into scalar final states via graviton exchange.
Fixed point theorems and periodic problems for nonlinear Hill’s equation
Authors: Nowakowski A. , Plebaniak R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo main results of fixed point theory in infinite dimensional space are Schauder’s theorem and the contraction mapping principle. Krasnoselskii combined them into one fixed point result. In this paper, we continue the study of extensions of these theorems investigating a convex modular in a original vector space, not in modular space and without $$\Delta _{2}$$

Δ
2

condition, to provide certain extensions of Banach contraction principle and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. We applied that theorem to solve the nonlinear periodic problem of Hill’s equation.