bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects for ultra-high-energy particle acceleration at relativistic shocks
Authors: Huang Zhi-Qiu , Reville Brian , Kirk John G , Giacinti Gwenael 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the acceleration of charged particles by ultra-relativistic shocks using test-particle Monte Carlo simulations. Two field configurations are considered: (i) shocks with uniform upstream magnetic field in the plane of the shock, and (ii) shocks in which the upstream magnetic field has a cylindrical geometry. Particles are assumed to diffuse in angle due to frequent non-resonant scattering on small-scale fields. The steady-state distribution of particles’ Lorentz factors is shown to approximately satisfy dN/dγ ∝ γ−2.2 provided the particle motion is scattering dominated on at least one side of the shock. For scattering dominated transport, the acceleration rate scales as tacc ∝ t1/2, though recovers Bohm scaling tacc ∝ t if particles become magnetized on one side of the shock. For uniform field configurations, a limiting energy is reached when particles are magnetized on both sides of the shock. For the cylindrical field configuration, this limit does not apply, and particles of one sign of charge will experience a curvature drift that redirects particles upstream. For the non-resonant scattering model considered, these particles preferentially escape only when they reach the confinement limit determined by the finite system size, and the distribution approaches the escapeless limit dN/dγ ∝ γ−1. The cylindrical field configuration resembles that expected for jets launched by the Blandford & Znajek mechanism, the luminous jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts thus provide favourable sites for the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
Translational fidelity screens in mammalian cells reveal eIF3 and eIF4G2 as regulators of start codon selectivity
Authors: She Richard , Luo Jingchuan , Weissman Jonathan S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The translation initiation machinery and the ribosome orchestrate a highly dynamic scanning process to distinguish proper start codons from surrounding nucleotide sequences. Here, we performed genome-wide CRISPRi screens in human K562 cells to systematically identify modulators of the frequency of translation initiation at near-cognate start codons. We observed that depletion of any eIF3 core subunit promoted near-cognate start codon usage, though sensitivity thresholds of each subunit to sgRNA-mediated depletion varied considerably. Double sgRNA depletion experiments suggested that enhanced near-cognate usage in eIF3D depleted cells required canonical eIF4E cap-binding and was not driven by eIF2A or eIF2D-dependent leucine tRNA initiation. We further characterized the effects of eIF3D depletion and found that the N-terminus of eIF3D was strictly required for accurate start codon selection, whereas disruption of the cap-binding properties of eIF3D had no effect. Lastly, depletion of eIF3D activated TNFα signaling via NF-κB and the interferon gamma response. Similar transcriptional profiles were observed upon knockdown of eIF1A and eIF4G2, which also promoted near-cognate start codon usage, suggesting that enhanced near-cognate usage could potentially contribute to NF-κB activation. Our study thus provides new avenues to study the mechanisms and consequences of alternative start codon usage.
Tree Visualization By One Table (tvBOT): a web application for visualizing, modifying and annotating phylogenetic trees
Authors: Xie Jianmin , Chen Yuerong , Cai Guanjing , Cai Runlin , Hu Zhong , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
tvBOT is a user-friendly and efficient web application for visualizing, modifying, and annotating phylogenetic trees. It is highly efficient in data preparation without requiring redundant style and syntax data. Tree annotations are powered by a data-driven engine that only requires practical data organized in uniform formats and saved as one table file. A layer manager is developed to manage annotation dataset layers, allowing the addition of a specific layer by selecting the columns of a corresponding annotation data file. Furthermore, tvBOT renders style adjustments in real-time and diversified ways. All style adjustments can be made on a highly interactive user interface and are available for mobile devices. The display engine allows the changes to be updated and rendered in real-time. In addition, tvBOT supports the combination display of 26 annotation dataset types to achieve multiple formats for tree annotations with reusable phylogenetic data. Besides several publication-ready graphics formats, JSON format can be exported to save the final drawing state and all related data, which can be shared with other users, uploaded to restore the final drawing state for re-editing or used as a style template for quickly retouching a new tree file. tvBOT is freely available at: https://www.chiplot.online/tvbot.html.
‘What does good look like’—exploring access to healthcare for the homeless population in Gateshead, England
Authors: Perkin Sadie , Visram Shelina , Lindsey Laura 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
individuals who are homeless encounter extreme health inequalities and as a result often suffer poor health. This study aims to explore ways in which access to healthcare could be improved for individuals who are homeless in Gateshead, UK.

Methods
twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with people working with the homeless community in a non-clinical setting. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
six themes were identified under the broad category of ‘what does good look like’, in terms of improving access to healthcare. These were: facilitating GP registration; training to reduce stigma and to provide more holistic care; joined-up working in which existing services communicate rather than work in isolation; utilising the voluntary sector as support workers could actively support access to healthcare and provide advocacy; specialised roles such as specialised clinicians, mental health workers or link workers; and specialised bespoke services for the homeless community.

Conclusions
the study revealed issues locally for the homeless community accessing healthcare. Many of the proposed actions to facilitate access to healthcare involved building upon good practice and enhancing existing services. The feasibility and cost-effectiveness of interventions suggested requires further assessment.
Attacks on trusts in civil law jurisdictions
Authors: Ashdown Michael J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Modern trust litigation is distinctly international, but what happens when jurisdictions without an established law of trusts become embroiled in claims following the misapplication of trust assets? This article considers how the involvement of such non-trust jurisdictions affects claims to trace or follow equitable property rights, and in respect of dishonest assistance and knowing receipt. The latter is of particular significance in view of the 2022 decision of the Court of Appeal in Byers v Saudi National Bank—now headed for the Supreme Court—which held that actual, beneficial receipt is required to found a knowing receipt claim.
Chlorophyll fluorescence variation in two Mediterranean forest species over a 21-year drought treatment period
Authors: Silvestre-Carbonell Susana , Ogaya Romà , Fernández-Martínez Marcos , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Mediterranean is among the regions predicted to be most affected by climate change due to rising temperatures and increasing frequency as well as intensity of extreme weather events, such as drought. These shifts in climatic conditions might lead to changes in species community composition by enabling the increase of drought-tolerant species at the expense of less tolerant ones. This hypothesis was tested in the current study using chlorophyll fluorescence data from a 21-year precipitation exclusion experiment in a Mediterranean forest for two co-dominant Quercus ilex L. and Phillyrea latifolia L. species with contrasting low and high levels of drought tolerance, respectively. The maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), photochemical efficiency of PSII (yield) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) varied seasonally. The Fv/Fm and NPQ levels were positively correlated with air temperature and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), whereas yield, which was greater under drought treatment, was negatively associated with vapor pressure deficit and SPEI. The Fv/Fm values showed similar increase in the two species over the 21-year study period regardless of treatment and in parallel to progressive warming. By contrast, yield values were higher in Q. ilex than in P. latifolia, while NPQ values were higher in P. latifolia than in Q. ilex. Notably, high yield values were also observed in the drought-treated plots. Throughout the study, plants in the drought-treated plots exhibited decreased basal area, leaf biomass and aerial cover due to high stem mortality. In addition, a continuous increase in temperature was detected in summer and autumn, which might explain the observed increase in Fv/Fm values over the study period. Higher yield and lower NPQ detected in Q. ilex could be attributed to less competition for resources in the drought-treated plots and acclimation of Q. ilex plants over the study period. Our results indicate that reduction in stem density could improve forest resilience to climate change-induced drought conditions.
LincRNA‐ROR/miR‐145/ZEB2 regulates liver fibrosis by modulating HERC5‐mediated p53 ISGylation
Authors: Shen Jie , Wang Zhu , Liu Mei , Zhu Yu‐Jie , Zheng Ling , Wang Li‐Li , Cheng Jie‐Ling , Liu Tong‐Tong , Zhang Guo‐Dong , Yang Tian‐Yu , Wang Xiao , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe tumor suppressor p53 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. HERC5‐mediated posttranslational ISG modification of the p53 protein is critical for controlling its activity. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of HERC5 and ISG15 is highly elevated, whereas p53 is downregulated, in fibrotic liver tissues of mice and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced LX2 cells. HERC5 siRNA clearly increased the protein expression of p53, but the mRNA expression of p53 was not obviously changed. The inhibition of lincRNA‐ROR (ROR) downregulated HERC5 expression and elevated p53 expression in TGF‐β1‐stimulated LX‐2 cells. Furthermore, the expression of p53 was almost unchanged after TGF‐β1‐stimulated LX‐2 cells were co‐transfected with a ROR‐expressing plasmid and HERC5 siRNA. We further confirmed that miR‐145 is a target gene of ROR. In addition, we also showed that ROR regulates the HERC5‐mediated ISGylation of p53 through mir‐145/ZEB2. Together, we propose that ROR/miR‐145/ZEB2 might be involved in the course of liver fibrosis by regulating ISGylation of the p53 protein.
Heart Rate Change as a Potential Digital Biomarker of Brain Death in Critically Ill Children With Acute Catastrophic Brain Injury
Authors: LaRovere Kerri L. , Luchette Matthew , Akhondi-Asl Alireza , DeSouza Bradley J. , Tasker Robert C. , Mehta Nilesh M. , Geva Alon 
Published: May 2023

IMPORTANCE:
Bedside measurement of heart rate (HR) change (HRC) may provide an objective physiologic marker for when brain death (BD) may have occurred, and BD testing is indicated in children.

OBJECTIVES:
To determine whether HRC, calculated using numeric HR measurements sampled every 5 seconds, can identify patients with BD among patients with catastrophic brain injury (CBI).

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
Single-center, retrospective study (2008–2020) of critically ill children with acute CBI. Patients with CBI had a neurocritical care consultation, were admitted to an ICU, had acute neurologic injury on presentation or during hospitalization based on clinical and/or imaging findings, and died or survived with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) less than 13 at hospital discharge. Patients meeting BD criteria (BD group) were compared with those with cardiopulmonary death (CD group) or those who survived to discharge.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
HRC was calculated as the interquartile range of HR divided by median HR using 5-minute windows with 50% overlap for up to 5 days before death or end of recording. HRC was compared among the BD, CD, and survivor groups.

RESULTS:
Of 96 patients with CBI (69% male, median age 4 years), 28 died (8 BD, 20 CD) and 20 survived (median GCS 9 at discharge). Within 24 hours before death, HRC was lower in BD compared with CD patients or survivors (0.01 vs 0.03 vs 0.04, p = 0.001). In BD patients, HRC decreased at least 1 day before death. HRC discriminated BD from CD patients and survivors with 90% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 44% positive predictive value, 96% negative predictive value (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.88, 95% CI, 0.80–0.93).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
HRC is a novel digital biomarker that, with further validation, may be useful as a classifier for BD in the overall course of patients with CBI.
Carbohydrates for glycemic control: functional and microbiome aspects
Authors: Hoffmann Sarda Fabiana A. , Giuntini Eliana Bistriche 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
Glycemia goals are used as indicators of control and progression in prediabetes and diabetes. Adopting healthy eating habits is essential. It is worth considering the quality of carbohydrates to help with dietary glycemic control. The present article aims to review recent meta-analyses published in the years 2021–2022 on the effects of dietary fiber and low glycemic index/load (LGI/LGL) foods on glycemic control and how gut microbiome modulation contributes to glycemic control.

Recent findings
Data involving more than 320 studies were reviewed. The evidence allows us to infer that LGI/LGL foods, including dietary fiber intake, are associated with reduced fasting glycemia and insulinemia, postprandial glycemic response, HOMA-IR, and glycated hemoglobin, which are more evident in soluble dietary fiber. These results can be correlated with changes in the gut microbiome. However, the mechanistic roles of microbes or metabolites implicated in these observations continue to be explored. Some controversial data highlight the need for more homogeneity between studies.

Summary
The properties of dietary fiber are reasonably well established for their glycemic homeostasis effects, including the fermentation aspects. Findings of gut microbiome correlations with glucose homeostasis can be incorporated into clinical nutrition practice. Target dietary fiber interventions on microbiome modulation can offer options to improve glucose control and contribute to personalized nutritional practices.
Vancomycin-induced bullous dermatosis: a rare case report
Authors: Sakkal Najeeb , Jazmati Aya , Alosman Majd Aldeen , Alali Kutaiba , Wereekia Mahmoud , Kadi Mohamad 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare acquired skin blistering autoimmune disease. It can be diagnosed by confirming the presence of a linear band of IgA at the dermoepidermal junction on direct immunofluorescence microscopy. LABD can be characterized by vesicular lesions, diffuse blisters, or even as a mimicker of Steven–Johnson syndrome. LABD may be caused by tumours, infections, or drugs (amiodarone, furosemide, phenytoin, however, vancomycin is the potential inciting drug in most reports).

Case presentation:
The authors present here a case of a 61-year-old woman with a history of HTN. The patient had a discectomy 15 years ago, and also underwent a lumbar fusion surgery that resulted in complications with her discitis. Due to the complications from the surgery, intravenous treatment with vancomycin and meropenem was initiated. After a few days of treatment, the patient developed clear, tense, fluid-filled bullae over the upper extremities. Immunofluorescence microscopy is not available in our hospital. Therefore a diagnosis of vancomycin-induced LABD was proposed based on the clinical manifestation of the lesions and the coincidence with vancomycin administration. After 2 days of discontinuing the administration of vancomycin and applying local diprosone, the lesions started to regress and a full recovery was achieved on day 10.

Discussion and conclusion:
Even though drug-induced LABD is uncommon, its incidence has been steadily increasing in the last few years. LABD is a simple condition with a good prognosis and full recovery after the discontinuation of vancomycin
Inflammatory response-based subtyping and potential therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Li Ze-Qing , Zhang Wen-Juan , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Shao Zhi-Ming , Ma Ding , Wu Jiong 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of cancer. However, the role of inflammatory response in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Based on the heterogeneity of the inflammatory response, we classified TNBC, elucidated its subtype features, and revealed potential therapeutic strategies.

Methods:
We established inflammatory response subtyping based on the RNA sequencing data of TNBCs derived from a cohort at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC). Next, we explored the features and potential therapeutic strategies for each subgroup by analyzing transcriptome data. Using a machine-learning method, we validated and generalized the TNBC inflammatory response subtypes in an external dataset.

Results:
A total of 360 TNBC samples and 88 normal tissues were collected from a cohort at FUSCC. Patients with TNBC were divided into four inflammatory response groups (IRGs) based on the expression of inflammatory response genes: high inflammatory response gene expression with pronounced pyroptosis phenotype and high immune cell infiltration (IRG 1), low inflammatory response gene expression and low immune cell infiltration (IRG 2), ITGB8 specific inflammatory response with a predominant proliferation phenotype (IRG 3), and low M1/M2 ratio with a marked angiogenesis phenotype (IRG 4). Relapse-free survival (RFS) was better in IRG 1 and 2 and worse in IRG 3 and 4. Owing to their poor prognosis, we mainly focused on IRG 3 and IRG 4 to investigate potential treatment strategies. ITGB8 was highly expressed in IRG 3; thus, targeting ITGB8 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients in IRG 3. IRG 4 had a lower M1/M2 ratio and a marked angiogenesis phenotype; therefore, therapeutic strategies, such as anti-angiogenesis or M2 to M1 repolarization of macrophages, could be recommended for these patients. Additionally, we validated and generalized the TNBC inflammatory response subtyping in an external dataset using a machine-learning method.

Conclusion:
TNBC patients with different inflammatory response subtypes have different characteristics and may need subtype-specific treatment strategies.
Unexpected FDG Uptake in the Cerebral Parenchyma in Subacute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Chow Tsz-Kit , Chan Ka-Wai , Chiu Ka-Lun , Chan Chun-Ho , Ma Wai-Han 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after subarachnoid hemorrhage have been rarely described. We present a case with subacute subarachnoid hemorrhage showing unexpected elevated FDG uptake at adjacent cerebral parenchyma on FDG PET/CT. The density of the cerebral parenchyma was normal on CT. The patient received medical management without any neurological complication.
Evaluating YouTube as a Source of Education for Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Javidan Arshia , Nelms Matthew W. , Li Allen , Lee Yung , Zhou Fangwen , Kayssi Ahmed , Naji Faysal 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to characterize the peer-reviewed literature investigating YouTube as a source of patient education for patients undergoing surgery.

Summary Background Data:
YouTube is the largest online video sharing platform and has become a substantial source of health information that patients are likely to access before surgery, yet there has been no systematic assessment of peer-reviewed studies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Ovid HealthStar from inception through to December of 2021.

Methods:
All primary studies evaluating YouTube as a source of patient education relating to surgical procedures (general, cardiac, urology, otolaryngology, plastic, vascular) were included. Study screening and data extraction occurred in duplicate with two reviewers. Characteristics extracted included video length, view count, upload source, overall video educational quality, and quality of individual studies.

Results:
Among 6,453 citations, 56 studies were identified that examined 6,797 videos with 547 hours of content and 1.39 billion views. There were 49 studies that evaluated the educational quality of the videos. A total of 43 quality assessment tools were used, with each study using a mean of 1.90 assessment tools. Per the global rating for assessments, 34/49 studies (69%) concluded that the overall quality of educational content was poor.

Conclusions:
While the impact of non-peer-reviewed YouTube videos on patient knowledge for surgery is unclear, the large amount of online content suggests that they are in demand. The overall educational content of these videos is poor, however, and there is substantial heterogeneity in the quality assessment tools used in their evaluation. A peer-reviewed and standardized approach to online education with video content is needed to better support patients.
Remuneration and Recruitment of Study Participants for AD Cohort Studies From the General Public and From Minority Communities
Authors: Gabel Matthew , Denny Andrea , Llibre-Guerra Jorge , Morris John C. , Phillips Jennifer , Vaidyanathan Ashish 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:Offering remuneration for participation in studies of aging and Alzheimer Disease (AD) may improve recruitment, particularly among minoritized and low-income groups. But remuneration may also raise ethical problems and reduce altruistic motivations for participation.Methods:A nationally representative sample of Americans (N=2030) with large (N=500) Black and Hispanic oversamples was asked about willingness to participate in a longitudinal AD cohort study after random assignment of remuneration ($0, $50/visit, $100/visit). Respondents were then asked about their perceived burden, risks, and societal contribution from participation.Results:An offer of remuneration increased willingness to participate, with no difference between $50 and $100. The increase was similar across racial, ethnic, and income groups. Remuneration did not affect perceived risks or altruistic benefits. Compensation caused Whites and Hispanics, but not Blacks, to lower the perceived burden.Discussion:Modest levels of remuneration are likely to improve recruitment to AD research studies without causing collateral ethical or motivation problems. Remuneration does not differentially enhance minority recruitment.