bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Speed, microwave ignition: Antenna igniters with frequency and bandwidth selectivity
Authors: Lajoie Justin A. , Barkley Stuart J. , Sippel Travis R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis effort demonstrates the development of (1) dielectric breakdown igniters and (2) bridgewire igniters powered by half‐wavelength dipole microwave microstrip antennas with bandwidth selectivity for use in standoff ignition applications. Dielectric igniters utilized a dielectric epoxy filled with up to 30 wt. % nanothermite cast between the gap of two quarter wavelength microstrips. Bridgewire igniters employed a wire soldered across the gap of two quarter wavelength microstrips. A variety of different bridgewire materials were tested in diameters ranging from 76 μm to 203 μm. The ignition delay of resonant microwave igniters is measured from high‐speed video observation of the microwave illumination process within a free‐space anechoic microwave cavity driven by a 2 kW continuous magnetron source. Dielectric breakdown igniters produced ignition delays ranging from 400 ms to 850 ms. Ignition delay decreased with higher loading of thermite. Bridgewires were found to be highly efficient and measured ignition delays ranged from 17 ms to 271 ms (24.4 J to 457.1 J ignition energy). Smaller diameter bridgewires and high resistivity metals were found to produce the shortest ignition delays. We demonstrate through S‐parameter measurements the bandwidth selectivity of bridgewire igniters and show that control of dipole geometry enables tuning of igniter center frequency and bandwidth and demonstrate experimentally the ability of bridgewire igniters to reject accidental ignition from an off frequency high power microwave field. The tunability, bandwidth selectivity, and low energy requirements, in particular of bridgewires, make them attractive for a number of new and challenging ignition applications.
The changing demography of hurricane at‐risk areas in the United States (1970–2018)
Authors: Park Gainbi , Franklin Rachel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHurricanes have proven to be one of the most deadly and costly natural hazards in the Gulf and Atlantic coast regions of the United States. Looming climate change and increasing population in coastal areas means these hazards could become even more devastating in the future. This paper first develops estimates of areas most impacted by hurricane flooding and wind damage and then assesses the generalised patterns of demographic change in those at‐risk locations, disaggregating by both race and age to account for the complex shifts in demographic composition that have occurred over the past five decades. We find evidence of racial, ethnic, and age disparities in exposure to hurricane flooding and wind impacts. Our results highlight not only the uneven burden of risk placed on those unable or unwilling to move, but also the structural privilege that enables the white population to remain in place, even in the face of increased hurricane damage risk.
A systematic approach towards missing lab data in electronic health records: A case study in non‐small cell lung cancer and multiple myeloma
Authors: Sondhi Arjun , Weberpals Janick , Yerram Prakirthi , Jiang Chengsheng , Taylor Michael , Samant Meghna , Cherng Sarah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReal‐world data derived from electronic health records often exhibit high levels of missingness in variables, such as laboratory results, presenting a challenge for statistical analyses. We developed a systematic workflow for gathering evidence of different missingness mechanisms and performing subsequent statistical analyses. We quantify evidence for missing completely at random (MCAR) or missing at random (MAR), mechanisms using Hotelling's multivariate t‐test, and random forest classifiers, respectively. We further illustrate how to apply sensitivity analyses using the not at random fully conditional specification procedure to examine changes in parameter estimates under missing not at random (MNAR) mechanisms. In simulation studies, we validated these diagnostics and compared analytic bias under different mechanisms. To demonstrate the application of this workflow, we applied it to two exemplary case studies with an advanced non‐small cell lung cancer and a multiple myeloma cohort derived from a real‐world oncology database. Here, we found strong evidence against MCAR, and some evidence of MAR, implying that imputation approaches that attempt to predict missing values by fitting a model to observed data may be suitable for use. Sensitivity analyses did not suggest meaningful departures of our analytic results under potential MNAR mechanisms; these results were also in line with results reported in clinical trials.
Optimal design of S2‐EWMA control chart for short production runs
Authors: Ong KerHsin , Teh SinYin , Saha Sajal , Khoo MichaelBoonChong , Soh KengLin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent fast pace smart manufacturing environment, the short production runs (SPR) control charts offer a higher degree of flexibility compared to the traditional control charts. This is due to Phase I data collection not needed for SPR control charts and this eases practitioners in estimating the parameters and setting up the control charts. This paper proposes the methods to optimally design the SPR S‐chart and SPR S2‐EWMA control chart for process variance monitoring in terms of truncated average run length (TARL), truncated standard deviation of the run length (TSDRL), and expected truncated average run length (ETARL) performance measures. The optimal parameters in minimizing the TARL and ETARL values for SPR S2‐EWMA control chart are presented. The control chart performances are compared between both the SPR S‐chart and SPR S2‐EWMA control charts. Results show that SPR S2‐EWMA control chart has a higher chart sensitivity and it triggers the out‐of‐control signal faster than the SPR S‐chart. An illustration using the real electronic manufacturing industry data is given in this paper to explain the implementation of the SPR S‐chart and SPR S2‐EWMA control chart.
Optimized machine‐learning methods for predicting the long‐term viscoelastic behavior of heterogeneous concrete mixtures
Authors: Nguyen‐Sy Tuan , Thai Minh‐Quan , Vu Minh‐Ngoc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLong‐term creep compliance is one of the most important mechanical properties for evaluating the long‐term behavior of concrete structures. This paper aims to optimize machine‐learning models to predict this viscoelastic property. The most relevant dataset available in the literature is considered, cleaned, and preprocessed to optimize the outcome. The advanced XGBoost model, which is to be the most effective shallow machine‐learning model for modeling tabular datasets, is employed in this study to maximize model accuracy. Short‐term creep compliances of a given sample at typical ages are used as input features to model the long‐term creep compliance of concrete. This approach outperforms standard machine‐learning approaches that do not include short‐term creep as an input feature. Indeed, the short‐term behavior of concrete strongly influents its long‐term one. The optimized machine model presented herein is accurate and useful for practical applications. It uses input features that are easy to obtain to predict long‐term creep compliance up to several decades, which is difficult and expensive to measure.
Color-factor symmetry of the amplitudes of Yang-Mills and biadjoint scalar theory using perturbiner methods
Authors: Naculich Stephen G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Color-factor symmetry is a property of tree-level gauge-theory amplitudes containing at least one gluon. BCJ relations among color-ordered amplitudes follow directly from this symmetry. Color-factor symmetry is also a feature of biadjoint scalar theory amplitudes as well as of their equations of motion. In this paper, we present a new proof of color-factor symmetry using a recursive method derived from the perturbiner expansion of the classical equations of motion.
Trinions for the 3d compactification of the 5d rank 1 $$ {E}_{N_{f+1}} $$ SCFTs
Authors: Sacchi Matteo , Sela Orr , Zafrir Gabi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many interesting phenomena in quantum field theory such as dualities and symmetry enhancements can be understood using higher dimensional constructions. In this paper, we study compactifications of the rank 1 5d Seiberg $$ {E}_{N_{f+1}} $$

E

N

f
+
1

SCFTs to 3d on Riemann surfaces of genus g > 1. We rely on the recent progress in the study of compactifications of 6d SCFTs to 4d and torus compactifications of 5d SCFTs to conjecture 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories corresponding to the reduction of said 5d SCFTs on three punctured spheres. These can then be used to build 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 models corresponding to compactifications on more general surfaces. The conjectured theories are tested by comparing their properties against those expected from the compactification picture.
PQ axiverse
Authors: Demirtas Mehmet , Gendler Naomi , Long Cody , McAllister Liam , Moritz Jakob 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We show that the strong CP problem is solved in a large class of compactifications of string theory. The Peccei-Quinn mechanism solves the strong CP problem if the CP-breaking effects of the ultraviolet completion of gravity and of QCD are small compared to the CP-preserving axion potential generated by low-energy QCD instantons. We characterize both classes of effects. To understand quantum gravitational effects, we consider an ensemble of flux compactifications of type IIB string theory on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in the geometric regime, taking a simple model of QCD on D7-branes. We show that the D-brane instanton contribution to the neutron electric dipole moment falls exponentially in N4, with N the number of axions. In particular, this contribution is negligible in all models in our ensemble with N > 17. We interpret this result as a consequence of large N effects in the geometry that create hierarchies in instanton actions and also suppress the ultraviolet cutoff. We also compute the CP breaking due to high-energy instantons in QCD. In the absence of vectorlike pairs, we find contributions to the neutron electric dipole moment that are not excluded, but that could be accessible to future experiments if the scale of supersymmetry breaking is sufficiently low. The existence of vectorlike pairs can lead to a larger dipole moment. Finally, we show that a significant fraction of models are allowed by standard cosmological and astrophysical constraints.
Modular Hamiltonian of the scalar in the semi infinite line: dimensional reduction for spherically symmetric regions
Authors: Huerta Marina , van der Velde Guido 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We focus our attention on the one dimensional scalar theories that result from dimensionally reducing the free scalar field theory in arbitrary d dimensions. As is well known, after integrating out the angular coordinates, the free scalar theory can be expressed as an infinite sum of theories living in the semi-infinite line, labeled by the angular modes $$ \left\{\ell, \overrightarrow{m}\right\} $$

ℓ

m
→

. We show that their modular Hamiltonian in an interval attached to the origin is, in turn, the one obtained from the dimensional reduction of the modular Hamiltonian of the conformal parent theory in a sphere. Remarkably, this is a local expression in the energy density, as happens in the conformal case, although the resulting one-dimensional theories are clearly not conformal. We support this result by analyzing the symmetries of these theories, which turn out to be a portion of the original conformal group, and proving that the reduced modular Hamiltonian is in fact the operator generating the modular flow in the interval. By studying the spectrum of these modular Hamiltonians, we also provide an analytic expression for the associated entanglement entropy. Finally, extending the radial regularization scheme originally introduced by Srednicki, we sum over the angular modes to successfully recover the conformal anomaly in the entropy logarithmic coefficient in even dimensions, as well as the universal constant F term in d = 3.
Digitale Leitlinien des 21. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Meybohm Patrick , Ghanem Alexander , von Dincklage Falk , Kranke Peter , Börm Philipp 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungBislang werden klinische Leitlinien als verallgemeinerte Darstellungen klinischen Wissens verstanden, die nach bester verfügbarer Evidenz die Anforderungen an die Versorgung von Patienten in spezifischen Patientensituationen aufzeigen. In diesem Expertenmeinungsartikel soll erörtert werden, wie digitale Leitlinien beschaffen sein müssten, und welche Anforderungen an die strukturierte Entwicklung, Anwendung und Evaluation solcher Leitlinien gestellt werden müssten. Eine Digitalisierung von Leitlinien muss die Transformation analoger, textbasierter Leitlinieninformationen in Formate berücksichtigen, die über Benutzeroberflächen (Interfaces) eine Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion ermöglichen, Ärzten die Anforderungen an eine leitlinienkonforme Patientenversorgung aufzeigen und die außerdem Maschinenspeicherung, Maschinenausführung und Maschinenverarbeitung von Patientendaten ermöglichen.
A two-scale approach to widen a predictive blast propagation model around a hemicylindrical obstacle
Authors: Gavart R. , Trélat S. , Sturtzer M.-O. , Chaumeix N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present paper was to report on an experimental study of the characterization of a blast wave initiated by a solid explosive and its interaction with a rigid obstacle in the form of a hemicylinder. Pressure transducers located along the path of the blast wave and high-speed imaging allow (1) the measurement of the overpressure at different locations and (2) the characterization of the blast wave inception, propagation, and reflection off the hemicylinder. The scaling effect has been investigated by performing experiments in two different facilities, where one is at twice the scale of the other.
Exact Solution of Interacting Particle Systems Related to Random Matrices
Authors: Assiotis Theodoros 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider one-dimensional diffusions, with polynomial drift and diffusion coefficients, so that in particular the motion can be space-inhomogeneous, interacting via one-sided reflections. The prototypical example is the well-known model of Brownian motions with one-sided collisions, also known as Brownian TASEP, which is equivalent to Brownian last passage percolation. We obtain a formula for the finite dimensional distributions of these particle systems, starting from arbitrary initial condition, in terms of a Fredholm determinant of an explicit kernel. As far as we can tell, in the space-inhomogeneous setting and for general initial condition this is the first time such a result has been proven. We moreover consider the model of non-colliding diffusions, again with polynomial drift and diffusion coefficients, which includes the ones associated to all the classical ensembles of random matrices. We prove that starting from arbitrary initial condition the induced point process has determinantal correlation functions in space and time with an explicit correlation kernel. A key ingredient in our general method of exact solution for both models is the application of the backward in time diffusion flow on certain families of polynomials constructed from the initial condition.
Risk‐Adjusted Assessment of the Learning Curve for Pure Laparoscopic Donor Hepatectomy for Adult Recipients
Authors: Kikuchi Koji , Nitta Hiroyuki , Umemura Akira , Katagiri Hirokatsu , Kanno Shoji , Takeda Daiki , Ando Taro , Amano Satoshi , Sasaki Akira 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies on pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy (PLDH) have been reported. However, only few studies have reported on the learning curve of PLDH. In this report, we aimed to determine the learning curve of PLDH in adult patients using cumulative sum (CUSUM) and risk‐adjusted CUSUM (RA‐CUSUM) analyses.MethodsThe data of donors who underwent PLDH at a single center between December 2012 and May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The learning curve was evaluated using the CUSUM and RA‐CUSUM methods based on surgery duration.ResultsForty‐eight patients were finally included in the present study. The mean operation time was 393.6 ± 80.3 min. PLDH was converted to laparotomy in three cases (6.3%). According to the Clavien–Dindo classification, nine cases (18.8%) had higher‐than‐grade III postoperative complications and the most frequent complications were biliary complications. The CUSUM graph shows two peaks, at the 13th and 27th case. The multivariate analysis revealed that a body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2 and intraoperative cholangiography were the only factors that were independently associated with longer operation time. Based on these results, an RA‐CUSUM analysis was performed to assess the learning curve, which showed a decrease in the learning curve after 33 to 34 PLDH procedures.ConclusionsA learning curve effect was demonstrated in this study after 33 to 34 PLDH procedures. There are relatively many biliary complications, and it is necessary to further examine the method of bile duct transection.
Green synthesized chitosan and ZnO nanoparticles for sustainable use in multifunctionalization of cellulosic fabrics
Authors: Ibrahim Nabil A. , Ameen Heba A. , Eid Basma M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA green sustainable strategy for biosynthesis of ZnONPs and chitosan nanoparticles (ZnONPs: 20–25 nm and CSNPs: 70–90 nm) has been developed, their potential applications in multifunctional finishing of cotton and viscose fabrics to impart anti-crease, anti-UV and antibacterial functions using citric acid/Na-hypophosphite CA (15 g/L)/SHP (15 g/L), as CH2O-free ester-crosslinking system and the pad-dry-cure method. The obtained results signify that the extent of improvement in the imparted functional properties is governed by type of cellulosic substrate, kind and concentration of nano-additive as well as type of bio-functional additive, namely, L-ascorbic acid or vanillin (20 g/L each). Moreover, the best results show that using CSNPs (2.5 g/L)/ZnONPs (15 g/L), as an eco-friendly two component mixture, brought about an enhancement in both chemical and functional properties of treated substrates which can be ranked as follows: nitrogen content (N%): viscose (1.818) > cotton (1.592); metal content (%): viscose (1.35) > cotton (1.24); WRA°: cotton (196) > viscose (165); anti-UV (UPF): cotton (47) > viscose (40); anti-S. aureus (R%): viscose (97) > cotton (94) and anti-E. coli (R%): viscose (92) > cotton (89), keeping other parameters constant. Major characteristics of the so-prepared nanoparticles as well as developed cellulosic fabrics were analyzed by FTIR, TEM, SEM and EDX techniques, as well as %N and %Zn content analysis. Durability to wash was evaluated and fabrics modification/functionalization, mechanism was also proposed.
A review of standardized high-throughput cardiovascular phenotyping with a link to metabolism in mice
Authors: Lindovsky Jiri , Nichtova Zuzana , Dragano Nathalia R. V. , Pajuelo Reguera David , Prochazka Jan , Fuchs Helmut , Marschall Susan , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Sedlacek Radislav , Hrabě de Angelis Martin , Rozman Jan , Spielmann Nadine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases cause a high mortality rate worldwide and represent a major burden for health care systems. Experimental rodent models play a central role in cardiovascular disease research by effectively simulating human cardiovascular diseases. Using mice, the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) aims to target each protein-coding gene and phenotype multiple organ systems in single-gene knockout models by a global network of mouse clinics. In this review, we summarize the current advances of the IMPC in cardiac research and describe in detail the diagnostic requirements of high-throughput electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography capable of detecting cardiac arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies in mice. Beyond that, we are linking metabolism to the heart and describing phenotypes that emerge in a set of known genes, when knocked out in mice, such as the leptin receptor (Lepr), leptin (Lep), and Bardet–Biedl syndrome 5 (Bbs5). Furthermore, we are presenting not yet associated loss-of-function genes affecting both, metabolism and the cardiovascular system, such as the RING finger protein 10 (Rfn10), F-box protein 38 (Fbxo38), and Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 (Dpp8). These extensive high-throughput data from IMPC mice provide a promising opportunity to explore genetics causing metabolic heart disease with an important translational approach.
Linear growth of colloidal dumbbells into three-lobed polymer nanoparticles mediated by a gradient in surface wettability
Authors: Monteiro Gabriel Augusto Alemão , Wittemann Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnisotropy is a deciding factor in determining the hydrodynamics and self-assembly of colloidal particles. Linking particle morphology to said behaviors promoted the development of strategies to obtain anisotropic particles exhibiting defined shapes and symmetries. Dumbbell-shaped polymer particles made by phase separation during seeded polymerization are prominent examples. Phase separation among monomer and seed particle yields a liquid protrusion of monomer on the seed. This protrusion is then polymerized, becoming solid and yielding a solid spherical lobe. When this process is performed with spherical seeds, two-lobed particles, known as colloidal dumbbells, are obtained. Repeating this process of lobe formation one or more times could pave the way to tailored particle morphologies. Given the higher degree of anisotropy, multi-lobed particles can expand the rich phase behavior already found for dumbbells. We propose a new route in making anisotropic polymer particles by directing phase separation in a linear direction, thus permitting linear growth. Colloidal particles composed of three individual polymer lobes with the potential for site-specific modifications are obtained. Triggering of the phase separation is done complementary to prior efforts in fabricating three-lobed polymer particles based on cross-linked precursor particles. We will show that tailored surface properties of anisotropic seed particles can prove as an effective tool not only to promote the monomer-polymer phase separation, but also to guide it in a linear direction. Such gradients in surface functionalization open perspectives for making polymer colloids on a large scale in whose custom-tailored shapes their phase behavior and superstructure formation are already established.
Graphical Abstract
Survival in an era of organ preservation: an update on laryngeal cancer in Ireland
Authors: Sexton Gerard P. , Walsh Paul , Moriarty Frank , Lennon Paul , O’Neill James Paul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Laryngeal cancer epidemiology has changed in recent years, with falling incidence observed internationally. Organ preservation therapies have revolutionised management, though some patients may be unsuitable and survival was noted to fall in the 2000s. This study examines trends in laryngeal cancer in Ireland.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of National Cancer Registry of Ireland data from 1994 to 2014.

Results
From a cohort of 2651, glottic disease was most common (62%, n = 1646). Incidence rose to 3.43 cases/100,000/year for 2010–2014. 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 60.6% and did not change significantly over time. Overall survival (OS) for T3 disease managed with primary radiotherapy was similar to primary surgery (HR 0.98, p = 0.9). DSS for T3 disease improved with primary radiotherapy (HR 0.72, p = 0.045).

Conclusion
Incidence of laryngeal cancer in Ireland rose despite international trends, while survival changed little. Radiotherapy improves DSS for T3 disease but does not improve OS, possibly secondary to poor organ function post-radiotherapy.