bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Complications and Perinatal Outcome in The Booked and Unbooked Cases of Pregnancy at Manipal Teaching Hospital
Authors: Tuladhar Ruhee , Sharma J.S.S. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The use of prenatal care prevents maternal complications and perinatal adverse outcomes by early identification of high risk pregnancies, assessment of growth and well being of the fetus, prompt diagnosis and management of complications, with safe delivery.
Objectives: This study aims at comparing the obstetrical complications and perinatal outcomes in delivered booked and unbooked mothers to determine the correlation of booking status and maternal and perinatal outcome.
Methodology: In this prospective study, 350 patients admitted for delivery at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara during March 2014 to May 2015 were included. Antenatal complications of the mothers, postnatal complications, neonatal outcome and the mode of delivery were compared amongst the booked and unbooked cases.
Results: There was an increased prevalence of preeclampsia (6.3% in unbooked vs. 1.6% in booked); eclampsia (2.5% in unbooked vs. nil in booked); antepartum haemorrhage (5.06% in unbooked vs. 2.1% in booked); Preterm premature rupture of membrane (5.1% in unbooked vs. 2.1% in booked); Rh-isoimmunization (06% in unbooked vs. nil in booked); Intrauterine growth restriction (5.7% in unbooked vs. 3.6% in booked ); and Intrauterine fetal death (7.6% in unbooked vs. 0.5% in booked) in unbooked mothers as compared to booked mothers. The unbooked mothers were prone to postpartum hemorrhage (6.9% vs 2.6% in booked mothers). Assisted breech delivery and ventouse delivery were recorded higher in unbooked cases than in booked case (3.2% vs. 0.5% and 3.8% vs. 3.1% respectively).
Conclusion: The poorer maternal and fetal outcome in unbooked cases in comparison to booked cases can be reduced with the best utilization of the prenatal care.
Experience of Providing Kangaroo Mother Care at a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Raja Manadhar Sunil 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Hypothermia is a major problem in newborns particularly among low birth weight (LBW) babies and it is one of the major cause of mortality and morbidity among LBW babies. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a simple method of maintaining temperature by keeping the LBW babies normothermic and indicated especially for LBW babies without using costly equipment. Dr Edgar Rey Sanabria introduced Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in Bogotá, Colombia in 1978 as an alternative to incubators for LBW infants to keep small babies warm. WHO defines KMC with its four components: early, continuous, and prolonged skin-to-skin contact between the newborns and mother; exclusive breastfeeding; early discharge from the health facility and close follow-up at home. Objective: To share the experience of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH)
Materials and Methods: At neonatal unit, 5 bedded an air-conditioned room were allocated as the KMC room and the temperature of this room was maintained at 28 0C. Before starting KMC, orientation on KMC, its procedures and benefits were explained to the mother or caregivers. Premature /LBW babies were kept over the mother’s chest with the help of cotton-made slings (Nyano Angalo wrap). The study period was of a one-year duration (Nov 2018- October 2019) .
Results: 35 babies born in KMCTH received KMC during 12 months period (Nov 2018- October 2019) using Nyano Angalo wrap. The mean birth weight of babies kept on KMC was 1340 gms and mean gestational age was 33.6 wks. Each baby received KMC for 14.5 hrs average duration.
Conclusion: Kangaroo mother care is a simple, feasible and non expensive intervention. It enhances breast feeding and bonding between the mother and the newborn babies. Its extensive use will help in the reduction of present high neonatal mortality, particularly among LBWs due to hypothermia.
Challenges and Oppourtunities of Digital Education in India
Authors: Budhia Netramani , Behera Sasmita 
Published: June 2023

In the 21st century, a majority of individuals use the internet regularly to increase their knowledge and to foster general awareness in this era of globalization. Due to the recent Covid-19 pandemic people and students are facing problems in their study or gaining access to high quality knowledge. It has had a great impact in the whole world, affecting each and every aspect of society i.e. education, economy, social life, etc. In every sector we observe an increasing adoption of digital technologies. The education sector has additionally adopted new paradigms for imparting knowledge and skills. It has shifted itself from traditional media to digital classrooms. All educational institutions at primary, secondary and college/ university levels are adopting new pedagogies or androgogies to cater to this situation and maintain the continuity in providing knowledge to its students. India as a growing nation is continuously seeking to make improvements progressing within the education sector. Just as there are many challenges to the education system of India, the situation provides equally a number of opportunities to overcome those challenges and to form education systems far better education for the Digital learning of the 21st century.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Management on Productivity, Cost Economics and Energy Use Efficiency in Sesame
Authors: Sujatha V. , Saritha R. , Sirisha A. B. M. 
Published: June 2023

Field experiments were carried out to assess the soil physicochemical properties, yield, quality, energy use and profit analysis of sesame and under organic vis-à-vis conventional production systems for three consecutive seasons. The soil organic C, available N, P, K and micronutrients recorded a slight rise in the organic production system over three seasons. The mean total energy input expended in the production of sesame using organic inputs was much lower (3,586.9 MJ ha-1) compared to that with inorganic fertilizers (5,156.3 MJ ha-1). Manures/Fertilizers and diesel inputs dominated the total energy inputs for both the production systems. However, the energy output obtained was higher in the inorganic production system (12,000 MJ) than in organic production system (9,375 MJ). The cost of cultivation of sesame was Rs. 12807 ha-1 and Rs. 16413 ha-1 under inorganic and organic farming, respectively. Organic sesame yield was about 22 per cent less compared to inorganic production system. At least 40% price premium for organic sesame may be required to offset the higher cost of cultivation and low yields under organic production system compared with inorganic production system especially during initial years. Renewable energy input utilization was higher (66 %) in organic than in inorganic production systems (13%). Energy efficiency and productivity was higher in organic than inorganic sesame production system by 12 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively. Since, the organic production system is more energy efficient and it is recommended that sesame production under organic farming should be encouraged for environmental and economic sustainability.
Enhancement of a Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System by Applying a Bio-tower - A Project for Improving our Environmental Footprint
Authors: Dölle Klaus 
Published: June 2023

To investigate if decentralized wastewater treatment systems impact on the environment performance can be improved, a Field Bio-tower Tank Septic system was designed, installed on an existing 1,500-gal (5678 l) decentralized wastewater treatment system. The system was started up during a 14-day start-up phase, followed by a 130-day test phase. The system was operated at an average hydraulic retention time of 16.7 days based on a 90 gal (204.4 l) daily influent wastewater flow.
The systems recirculation flow for the bio-tower was 22.6 l/min (6 gal/min) for the start-up phase and 40.0 l/min (10.6 gal/min) for the test period with a corresponding recirculation of the entire septic tank from 5.7 to 10.1 times a day respectively.
During the testing period a daily average temperature of 19.3°C (66.7°F) and an average rainfall of 5 l/m² was observed. The FBST system operated at an average influent pH level and temperature of 8.6 and 22.0°C. The average effluent pH and temperature was 8.5 of 20.9°C.
The installed system reduced on average the influent TS from 79151 mg/l to 43021 mg/l and showed an average reduction of the TDS from 36424 mg/l to 21965 mf/l. The TSS and VSS was reduced on average from 94.1 mg/l to 69.9 mg/l and 89.0 mg/l to 64.9 mg/l.
NH3-N content was reduced from 57.5 mg/l in the influent to 53.4 mg/l in the effluent. The average BOD and COD was reduced from the average influent value of 88.2 mg/l and 318.2 mg/l to 66.8 mg/l and 256.2 mg/l respectively. However, at the end of the 130-day test period BOD and COD values were the lowest at 15.5 mg/l and 56.0 mg/l respectively, indicating bacteria cultures are well established and the system operation of the FBTS system is mostly constant.
This research showed that the FBST system can improve operations of a DWWTS system significantly reducing the effluent load over 10 times compared to the influent load of the system.
A Study on Protection of Incapable Persons in the Code of Persons and Family of Mali
Authors: Traore Moussa Sékou , Samassekou Mamoudou 
Published: June 2023

In contemporary legislation, every individual has, throughout his or her life, legal personality, the main attribute of which is legal capacity, generally defined as the capacity to hold rights and obligations.
If the child from birth and even, in many laws, from conception has legal personality, it has however neither the will nor the intelligence necessary to run its own business.
An adult can also be the result of a physical or legal disability. The incapacity to exercise of certain adults and minors implies the intervention of one or more structures to act in their place or with them.
This article gives the position of the Persons and Family Code of Mali, which was adopted in December 2011 for the protection of these disabilities. To do this, the main methodology used is research and documentary analysis, with sometimes a little comparative law.
Approaches for integrating evidence of the effectiveness of actions in conservation funding to inspire more effective practice
Authors: Al‐Fulaij Nida , Abbott Pamela , Bowmer Alex , Cope David , de Zoeten Tiago , Foulks Guy , Frick Winifred F. , Funk Stephan M. , Gibbs Douglas , Gupta Lauren , Heard Nicolas , Holmes Becky , Kowalska Aida , Mickleburgh Simon , Muir Matthew , Nuijten Rascha J. M. , Parks Danni , Reid Hannah , Van Ryzin Paul , Wheeler Lisa , Zhang Yingyi , Ockendon Nancy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In the midst of a biodiversity crisis, it is critical that commonly used interventions to protect wildlife and recover losses are effective and learnings are widely shared. It is acknowledged that considerable gains could be made for society and biodiversity if conservation practices build on existing evidence of effectiveness.

While funders can have a positive effect on conservation by funding effective conservation actions, their potential role in changing common practice is less well acknowledged. We believe that those providing funds could have a significant impact on the use of evidence, and thus practice, by encouraging and demonstrating best practice.

We represent 18 funder organisations that ask applicants to reflect on and present available evidence, when requesting financial support, to justify why they believe their suggested management actions are likely to be effective. We use a variety of approaches to encourage and ensure the integration of evidence and provide the details of those here to encourage adoption (and adaption) by other funders. They range from simple requests for evidence in application forms to substantial support in designing a project (potentially including testing an action where evidence is lacking), depending on the scale, length and topic of proposed work.

Reflecting on our experiences, we provide recommendations to help other funders adopt a more evidence‐based approach. These include considering how funders could improve funding impact, communicating with other funders to learn and adapt and the need to provide support to grantees to access evidence of effectiveness, explain different evidence types, how to use evidence in different contexts and what to do when no evidence exists.

Practical implication. Funders have a unique role in setting expectations, providing guidance and helping advance how we do conservation work, through a unified approach. The gains we envisage from widespread adoption of funders asking for evidence of actions are that conservationists become used to reflecting on available evidence when planning projects and it becomes easier for funders to select and support effective approaches and evidence‐led practitioners. As conservation practice becomes increasingly professional and impactful, more funders will be attracted, ensuring even greater effectiveness.
Dimensionally Confined Growth in Nanometer‐Sized Hierarchical Heterostructures: Nanoscale Visualization of Enhanced Magnetic and Electric Interactions
Authors: Liu Yihao , Zhou Xiaodi , Chen Guanyu , Zhang Ruixuan , Yuan Mingyue , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Huibin , Xiong Xuhui , Lv Hualiang , Che Renchao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractQuantum size effects and interfacial dimensional interactions enable nanometer‐scale hierarchical heterostructures to adjust band structures by energy level discretization, impurity level formation, and band inversion, allowing for controlled carrier localization and directional relaxation. These unique characteristics show great potential for applications in ferroelectrics, optoelectronics, capacitors, and sensors. Yet, optimizing performance by fine‐tuning the dimensional properties of nanoscale systems, especially size and composition, remains a considerable challenge. Here a dimensionally confined controlled synthesis of hierarchical heterostructures is reported through a pyrolysis‐based metal‐organic framework‐on‐metal‐organic framework (MOF‐on‐MOF) strategy, resulting in continuous metal‐carbon and carbon‐oxide interfaces below 50 nm. Off‐axis electron holography and theoretical calculations are utilized to visualize the dynamic conversion between localized and free electrons, as well as the relaxation processes and high‐density magnetic coupling at the nanoscale. These phenomena are rarely observed in micron‐scale or non‐hierarchical heterostructures. These improvements lead to significantly enhanced magnetic and dielectric properties, allowing for efficient interaction with high‐frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields, as indicated by a loss of bandwidth covering the full C‐band. Future work will explore constructing these interfaces with targeted materials to examine new properties, such as topological behavior, ferrimagnetism, and giant magnetoresistance, with applications in sustainability and optoelectronic technology.
Consolidating Surface Lattice via Facile Self‐Anchored Oxygen Layer Reconstruction Toward Superior Performance and High Safety Nickel‐Rich Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Shi Qi , Dong Jinyang , Wang Meng , Lu Yun , Liu Yun , Liu Jinzhong , Li Ning , Huang Qing , Su Yuefeng , Wu Feng , Chen Lai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNickel‐rich oxide materials have been recognized as promising cathodes for state‐of‐art high energy lithium‐ion batteries; however, challenges remain in their commercialization due to chemical and structural degradation, poor thermal stability related to oxygen lattice destabilization. Herein, this work reports a straightforward approach to stabilizing the surface oxygen framework by inducing surface reconstruction via swift proton exchange and heat treatment in argon atmosphere. The robust surface structure with localized disordered phase domains effectively suppresses interfacial parasitic reactions in highly delithiated cathodes and reduces detrimental phase degradation. Enabled by the strongly anchored oxygen framework, the consolidated surface lattice also reinforces cathode thermal stability featured by higher decomposition temperature and reduced oxygen release under thermal stress. In comparison to the unmodified counterpart, the reconstructed nickel‐rich cathode demonstrates improved cycling stability and rate capability. This work reveals the critical role of regulating surface oxygen framework on the electrochemical performance and thermal behaviors, and explores the potential for feasible modification of nickel‐rich cathodes for advanced lithium‐ion batteries.
Atomically Dispersed Cu Active Centers: Local Structure and Mechanism Modulation for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Qin Xupeng , An Qizheng , Shang Jinqiu , Zhang Xiuxiu , Liu Qinghua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractReducing carbon dioxide （CO2）to high‐value products using green renewable energy is a promising approach for addressing energy and greenhouse effect issues. Consequently, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) technology has become a current research hotspot. Since the discovery of the high activity and selectivity of copper in the CO2RR, atomically dispersed Cu catalysts have garnered widespread attention due to their efficient atom utilization, unique electronic structure, and outstanding catalytic performance. However, a great challenge remains in providing rational catalyst design principles to achieve the regulation of product distribution. A clear understanding of catalytic materials and an in‐depth interpretation of the mechanism as well as the elucidation of the design strategy and research progress toward different products are the keys to building the understanding for solving the above problem. Therefore, this review starts with the introduction of advanced characterization techniques to reveal catalyst structure and reaction mechanisms. Then, various optimization strategies and the applications of atomically dispersed Cu catalysts in producing various high‐value targeted products are summarized and discussed. Finally, the perspectives on atomically dispersed Cu catalysts in the CO2RR field toward future development are offered.
Three‐Level Nanoparticle Rocket Strategy for Colorectal Cancer Therapeutics in Photothermal Therapy, Inflammation Modulation, and Cuproptosis Induction
Authors: Shang Wenting , Xia Xueer , Zhu Yuting , Chen Qianyun , Rao Xi , Huang Ling , Tu Yingfeng , Chen Hao , Tian Hongxia , Lin Meiyin , Zheng Yue , Liu Bin , Li Zhou , Han Shuai , Liu Jianhua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDisturbances in intracellular copper (Cu) homeostasis can trigger cuproptosis, a new form of cell death, which, when combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), offers a promising solution to the persistent challenges in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. In this study, a “three‐level nanoparticle rocket” strategy is developed by engineering Cu5.4O, a multifunctional Cu‐based nanoenzyme that is photothermal and has electron transfer properties and antioxidant efficiency. Cu5.4O effectively remodels the inflammatory environment by scavenging reactive oxygen species, thereby overcoming the traditional limitations of PTT. Concurrently, Cu5.4O releases substantial amounts of Cu+ into malignant cells, disrupting Cu homeostasis, inducing cuproptosis, and ultimately inhibiting tumor progression. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that Cu5.4O operates through multiple successive and interlocking stages to significantly eradicate tumors, prevent relapse, and prolong survival. This study provides profound insights into the synergistic effects of PTT, inflammatory regulation, and cuproptosis within the complex tumor microenvironment, presenting innovative approaches for future CRC therapy.
Tailoring Nanopore Geometry in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes through Physical Stretching and Controlled Anodization
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chun , Chen Yi‐Fan , Lin Yu‐Chun , Zheng You‐Hao , Lee Lin‐Ruei , Chang Ming‐Hsuan , Ho Jhih‐Hao , Lin Yu‐Liang , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe fabrication and application of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes with tailored nanopore geometries have profound implications in materials science and engineering. This study introduces a refined physical stretching method combined with precisely controlled anodization conditions to manipulate the anisotropy of nanopores in AAO membranes. By employing high‐purity aluminum sheets and varying electrolytes such as sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acid, anisotropic shapes are carried out with aspect ratios varying based on the applied mechanical forces and electrolytic conditions. The capability to produce AAO membranes with non‐uniform pore distributions is also demonstrated by applying irregular stretching forces, revealing the potential for creating customized nanostructures. The anisotropic AAO membranes serve as effective templates for synthesizing polymer nanorods, indicating their utility in guiding the formation of advanced nanomaterials with specific directional properties. Our results showcase the role of mechanical and chemical parameters in tailoring nanoscale material properties. The versatility of horizontally anisotropic AAO membranes in nanofabrication enables better control of nanopore geometry for applications in nanoelectronics, drug delivery, and biosensing.
Artificial Intelligence for Predicting HER2 Status of Gastric Cancer Based on Whole‐Slide Histopathology Images: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Liao Yuhan , Chen Xinhua , Hu Shupeng , Chen Bing , Zhuo Xinghua , Xu Hao , Wu Xiaojin , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zeng Huimin , Zhang Donghui , Zhi Yunfei , Zhao Liang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive gastric cancer (GC) shows a robust response to the combined therapy based HER2‐targeted therapy. The application of these therapies is highly dependent on the evaluation of tumor HER2 status. However, there are many risks and challenges in HER2 assessment in GC. Therefore, an economically viable and readily available instrument is requisite for distinguishing HER2 status among patients diagnosed with GC. The study has innovatively developed a deep learning model, HER2Net, which can predict the HER2 status by quantitatively calculating the proportion of HER2 high‐expression regions. The HER2Net is trained on an internal training set derived from 531 hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) whole slide images (WSI) of 520 patients. Subsequently, the performance of HER2Net is validated on an internal test set from 115 H&E WSI of 111 patients and an external multi‐center test set from 102 H&E WSI of 101 patients. The HER2Net achieves an accuracy of 0.9043 on the internal test set, and an accuracy of 0.8922 on an external test set from multiple institutes. This discovery indicates that the HER2Net can potentially offer a novel methodology for the identification of HER2‐positive GC.