bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automating Electronic Health Record Data Quality Assessment
Authors: Ozonze Obinwa , Scott Philip J. , Hopgood Adrian A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInformation systems such as Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are susceptible to data quality (DQ) issues. Given the growing importance of EHR data, there is an increasing demand for strategies and tools to help ensure that available data are fit for use. However, developing reliable data quality assessment (DQA) tools necessary for guiding and evaluating improvement efforts has remained a fundamental challenge. This review examines the state of research on operationalising EHR DQA, mainly automated tooling, and highlights necessary considerations for future implementations. We reviewed 1841 articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus published between 2011 and 2021. 23 DQA programs deployed in real-world settings to assess EHR data quality (n = 14), and a few experimental prototypes (n = 9), were identified. Many of these programs investigate completeness (n = 15) and value conformance (n = 12) quality dimensions and are backed by knowledge items gathered from domain experts (n = 9), literature reviews and existing DQ measurements (n = 3). A few DQA programs also explore the feasibility of using data-driven techniques to assess EHR data quality automatically. Overall, the automation of EHR DQA is gaining traction, but current efforts are fragmented and not backed by relevant theory. Existing programs also vary in scope, type of data supported, and how measurements are sourced. There is a need to standardise programs for assessing EHR data quality, as current evidence suggests their quality may be unknown.
Estimating meaningful thresholds for multi-item questionnaires using item response theory
Authors: Terluin Berend , Koopman Jaimy E. , Hoogendam Lisa , Griffiths Pip , Terwee Caroline B. , Bjorner Jakob B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeMeaningful thresholds are needed to interpret patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) results. This paper introduces a new method, based on item response theory (IRT), to estimate such thresholds. The performance of the method is examined in simulated datasets and two real datasets, and compared with other methods.MethodsThe IRT method involves fitting an IRT model to the PROM items and an anchor item indicating the criterion state of interest. The difficulty parameter of the anchor item represents the meaningful threshold on the latent trait. The latent threshold is then linked to the corresponding expected PROM score. We simulated 4500 item response datasets to a 10-item PROM, and an anchor item. The datasets varied with respect to the mean and standard deviation of the latent trait, and the reliability of the anchor item. The real datasets consisted of a depression scale with a clinical depression diagnosis as anchor variable and a pain scale with a patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) question as anchor variable.ResultsThe new IRT method recovered the true thresholds accurately across the simulated datasets. The other methods, except one, produced biased threshold estimates if the state prevalence was smaller or greater than 0.5. The adjusted predictive modeling method matched the new IRT method (also in the real datasets) but showed some residual bias if the prevalence was smaller than 0.3 or greater than 0.7.ConclusionsThe new IRT method perfectly recovers meaningful (interpretational) thresholds for multi-item questionnaires, provided that the data satisfy the assumptions for IRT analysis.
Mercury movement from Hg-enriched wetland soils to arboreal food webs: a weak role for folivory
Authors: Zabala Jabi , Frederick Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMercury (Hg) is a toxicant of concern, particularly in aquatic food webs. Mercury can move to terrestrial systems through consumption of aquatic prey or emergence of insects with aquatic larval phases. The possible movement of Hg from sediments to wetland plants and into terrestrial food webs though primary consumers has received less attention. We investigated differences and correlations in Hg in soil, wood and leaves of willows (Salix caroliniana) and folivorous beetles from a wetland with enhanced levels of Hg. Further, we compared samples from tree islands that had enriched Hg in soil through bird guano with control islands. Hg in any sample type did not correlate with Hg in any other sample type from the same island. We found higher [Hg] in soils and significantly higher [Hg] in leaves from colony islands, while [Hg] in beetles appeared to be higher in control islands. In any case, despite comparatively high [Hg] in soil and leaves, Hg in folivorous beetles was below detection levels and lower than that reported from other studies. We conclude that movement of Hg from wetland trees to terrestrial food webs through wetland vegetation is negligible in this ecosystem.
Effects of acute metaphedrone exposure on the development, behaviour, and DNA integrity of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Ribeiro Ondina , Ribeiro Cláudia , Félix Luís , Gaivão Isabel , Carrola João Soares 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The presence of new psychoactive substances (NPS), like metaphedrone (3-MMC), in aquatic environments raises concern about the potential negative effects on ichthyofauna. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of 3-MMC on zebrafish embryonic development, behaviour, and DNA integrity. For that, embryos were exposed during 96 h post-fertilization to 3-MMC (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/L). Overall, an increase in the eye area of zebrafish larvae was observed for the concentrations of 1 μg/L (increase of 24%) and 100 μg/L (increase of 25%) in comparison with the control group. Genetic damage was noted at the highest concentration (100 µg/L) with an increase of DNA damage (increase of 48%) and hyperactivity and disorganised swimming pattern characterised by an increase in speed (increase of 49%), total distance moved (increase of 53%), and absolute turn angle (increase of 48%) of zebrafish larvae. These findings pointed that, at environmental low levels, 3-MMC harmful effects are not expected to occur during critical development life stages of fish.
Graphical Abstract
Salafism as Gramscian informed vanguardism
Authors: Ramaioli Massimo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, I offer a categorization of Salafism based on the concept of vanguardism. Vanguardism suggests how Salafis inhabit the political domain, by posing as the vanguard of a privileged group endowed with a historical mission. Relatedly, I summon the Gramscian concept of “philosophy of praxis.” With this, I intend to reconfigure Wiktorowicz’s classificatory scheme predicated on too stark an opposition between ‘aqīdah (theory) and manhaj (method). The philosophy of praxis accounts for the inherent tension between these two domains. Such tension is manifest in Salafis’ ambiguities, compromises, internal rifts, ideological adjustments, and revisions. Two related Gramscian concepts, historical bloc and modern Prince, bring such considerations more immediately into the political. They highlight, respectively, the political-historical context in which Salafis operate and the political-historical role they play as instances of vanguardism. I then put forth my classificatory scheme in the form of a typology. One axis is represented by the attitude towards the “historical bloc” (pro or anti) and the kind of vanguard posturing that emerges out of it (support, creation, or activation). The other axis is represented by the specific framing of the “Enemy” category on the part of the Salafi vanguard (historical/institutional or essential/identitarian), and the stance they consequently assume towards it (compromise/accommodation or rejection/denunciation). The resulting classification offers six categories (accommodationists, partisans, delayers, agitators, mobilizers, and belligerents). Stressing the fundamental political nature of contemporary Salafism—its vanguardism—they account for its inscription in a specific, modern way of thinking and acting the political.
Behaviour of self-centring shear walls—A state of the art review
Authors: Javadi Mehdi , Hassanli Reza , Rahman Md Mizanur , Karim Md Rajibul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe application of unbonded post-tensioning (PT) in structural walls has led to the development of advanced self-centring (rocking) shear wall systems that has significant advantages, including accelerated construction due to the incorporation of prefabricated elements and segmental construction for different materials (e.g., concrete, masonry, and timber), reduced residual drifts, and little damage upon extreme seismic and wind loads. Concrete, masonry, and timber are often used for the construction of unbonded PT structural wall systems. Despite extensive research since the 1980s, there are no well-established design guidelines available on the shear wall configuration with the required energy dissipation system, joint’s locations and acceptance criteria for shear sliding, confinement, seismic performance factors, PT loss, PT force range and residual drifts of shear walls subjected to lateral loads. In this research a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature review was performed on self-centring shear wall system. An extensive study was carried out to collect a database of 100 concrete, masonry, and self-centring shear wall tests from the literature. The established database was then used to review shear walls’ configurations, material, and components to benchmark requirements applicable for design purposes. The behaviour of concrete, masonry and timber shear walls were compared and critically analysed. The general behaviour, force-displacement performance of the walls, ductility, and seismic response factors, were critically reviewed and analysed for different self-centring wall systems to understand the effect of different parameters including configurations of the walls, material used for construction of the wall (concrete, masonry, timber) and axial stress ratio. The outcome of this research can be used to better understand the behaviour of self-centring wall system in order to develop design guidelines for such walls.
On recovering block cipher secret keys in the cold boot attack setting
Authors: Banegas Gustavo , Villanueva-Polanco Ricardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a general strategy to recover a block cipher secret key in the cold boot attack setting. More precisely, we propose a key-recovery method that combines key enumeration algorithms and Grover’s quantum algorithm to recover a block cipher secret key after an attacker has procured a noisy version of it via a cold boot attack. We also show how to implement the quantum component of our algorithm for several block ciphers such as AES, PRESENT and GIFT, and LowMC. Additionally, since evaluating the third-round post-quantum candidates of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) post-quantum standardization process against different attack vectors is of great importance for their overall assessment, we show the feasibility of performing our hybrid attack on Picnic, a post-quantum signature algorithm being an alternate candidate in the NIST post-quantum standardization competition. According to our results, our method may recover the Picnic private key for all Picnic parameter sets, tolerating up to 40% of noise for some of the parameter sets. Furthermore, we provide a detailed analysis of our method by giving the cost of its resources, its running time, and its success rate for various enumerations.
The Experience of International Students: Biographical Narratives and Identities
Authors: Birindelli Pierluca 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article presents the findings of a qualitative and comparative study on the cultural experience of international students in North and South Europe. I employ a narrative approach and the focus of the research revolves around the autoethnographies of 25 international students in Helsinki and 25 in Florence. The narratives were prompted by in-depth interviews following a template divided into the three phases of travel conceived as a rite of passage: departure–preliminal, transition–liminal, arrival–postliminal. To explore the meaning of geographical mobility in the lives of these young people, I sketched a series of self-identity types connected to mobility experiences: the Fated, whose biographical premises are all pushing-pulling toward the status of international student; the Academic, who is fascinated by the idea of becoming a worldly intellectual and sees the PhD as a natural step; the Globetrotter, whose mobility is an end in itself: the goal is the next city-country; the Explorer, who is abroad looking for new cultural challenges, with a genuine desire to discover and understand specific places and people; the Runaway, who feels like a stranger at home and is escaping abroad for political or existential reasons. I believe that the interpretation of international students’ sense of self-identity can be fruitfully achieved through the narrative path I have constructed (or a similar one).
Stigma, Depression, Suicidal Thoughts and Coping of Sexual Minority Youth Raised in Conservative Versus Mainstream Denominations of Christianity: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: van Bergen Diana , Smit Alette , Feddes Allard R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe quantitatively examined whether Dutch sexual minority youth raised with conservative Protestantism reported more family- and self-stigmatization, suicidal ideation, and depression than those socialized by Catholicism or Mainline Protestantism. Subsequently, we qualitatively examined how youth raised with conservative Protestantism coped with sexuality identity and mental health challenges. Survey data came from sexual minority youth (N = 584, age 16–25) raised with conservative Protestantism (Evangelical/Pentecostal n = 44 and Dutch Orthodox Reformed n = 88, Mainline Protestantism n = 117, and Catholicism n = 335). Group differences in associations were studied through univariate analysis of variance. Next, thematic and interpretative analyses of six interviews of survey respondents raised with conservative Protestantism were performed. Sexual minority youth raised with Evangelicalism/Pentecostalism reported significant higher levels of family stigmatization and suicidal ideation than youth raised with other Christian religions. They addressed these challenges by religious coping, formulating critiques of stigma, and support from Christian self-help groups.
Judging a book by its older adult cover: age-related expectations and parental preference for children’s books
Authors: Bellingtier Jennifer A. , Schenker Lena-Emilia , Weber Anna L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs they typically have limited direct contact, children’s attitudes towards older adults have more opportunity to be shaped by other social influences such as their parents and children’s literature. Children’s books have been noted for their tendency to portray older adults in stereotypical ways and their tendencies to underrepresent older adults. We investigated how the portrayal of older adults as major versus supporting characters, as well as parents’ age-related expectations were related to parental preference for children’s books. We designed 24 children’s book covers that depicted an older adult as a main character, a younger adult as a main character, or only children. One-hundred-seventy-five parents of children ages 0–12 rated their preference for the covers, their age-related expectations for the books’ stories, and their personal aging expectations. Parents preferred covers featuring only children, and this preference was stronger for parents with more positive personal aging expectations. Cover preference was further predicted by age-related story expectations. When parents expected a book to conform to older-age stereotypes, they liked that particular cover less. Controlling for parents’ age-related story expectations for each book resulted in near equal levels of preference for all types of book covers. Carefully designed children’s books could provide an opportunity to increased vicarious intergenerational contact. These finding suggests that parents’ interest in selecting these books for their children will be higher when they do not perceive the books to align with older-age stereotypes.
Development and validation of a transient simulation model of a full-scale PCM embedded radiant chilled ceiling
Authors: Mousavi Seyedmostafa , Rismanchi Behzad , Brey Stefan , Aye Lu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe recent significant rise in space cooling energy demand due to the massive use of air-conditioning systems has adversely changed buildings’ energy use patterns globally. The updated energy technology perspectives highlight the need for innovative cooling systems to address this growing cooling demand. Phase change material embedded radiant chilled ceiling (PCM-RCC) has lately acquired popularity as they offer more efficient space cooling together with further demand-side flexibility. Recent advancements in PCM-RCC applications have increased the necessity for reliable simulation models to assist professionals in identifying improved designs and operating settings. In this study, a transient simulation model of PCM-RCC has been developed and validated using measured data in a full-scale test cabin equipped with newly developed PCM ceiling panels. This model, developed in the TRNSYS simulation studio, includes Type 399 that uses the Crank-Nicolson algorithm coupled with the enthalpy function to solve transient heat transfer in PCM ceiling panels. The developed model is validated in both free-running and active operation modes, and its quality is then evaluated using several validation metrics. The results obtained in multiple operating scenarios confirm that the model simulates the transient behaviour of the PCM-RCC system with an accuracy within ±10%. Aided by this validated model, which offers the user detailed flexibilities in the system design and its associated operating schemas, PCM-RCC’s potentials regarding peak load shifting, energy savings, and enhanced thermal comfort can be investigated more reliably.
Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications—risks and mitigation
Authors: Kropp Martina , Golubnitschaja Olga , Mazurakova Alena , Koklesova Lenka , Sargheini Nafiseh , Vo Trong-Tin Kevin Steve , de Clerck Eline , Polivka Jiri , Potuznik Pavel , Polivka Jiri , Stetkarova Ivana , Kubatka Peter , Thumann Gabriele 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. The current screening process for the DR risk is not sufficiently effective such that often the disease is undetected until irreversible damage occurs. Diabetes-associated small vessel disease and neuroretinal changes create a vicious cycle resulting in the conversion of DR into PDR with characteristic ocular attributes including excessive mitochondrial and retinal cell damage, chronic inflammation, neovascularisation, and reduced visual field. PDR is considered an independent predictor of other severe diabetic complications such as ischemic stroke. A “domino effect” is highly characteristic for the cascading DM complications in which DR is an early indicator of impaired molecular and visual signaling. Mitochondrial health control is clinically relevant in DR management, and multi-omic tear fluid analysis can be instrumental for DR prognosis and PDR prediction. Altered metabolic pathways and bioenergetics, microvascular deficits and small vessel disease, chronic inflammation, and excessive tissue remodelling are in focus of this article as evidence-based targets for a predictive approach to develop diagnosis and treatment algorithms tailored to the individual for a cost-effective early prevention by implementing the paradigm shift from reactive medicine to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in primary and secondary DR care management.
Education and internal migration: evidence from a child labor reform in Spain
Authors: González Chapela Jorge , Jiménez-Martín Sergi , Vall Castello Judit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe exploit a country-wide child labor regulation that eliminated the difference in school/work alternatives for children born at the beginning and the end of the year to identify the causal effect of education on migration at low levels of schooling. By not relying on changes to the school system, we are more confident that our results are not driven by unobserved changes in school quality evolving differentially across regions. The results of a difference-in-differences methodology combined with an exploration of maternal characteristics and a regression discontinuity design suggest that internal migration hardly changed after the reform. A consideration of the external validity of this finding is also provided.
Integration matters: Combining socio-cultural and biophysical methods for mapping ecosystem service bundles
Authors: Cusens Jarrod , Barraclough Alicia D. , Måren Inger Elisabeth 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEcosystem services (ESs) play an important role in sustainable landscape management. People value ESs in diverse ways encompassing social and ecological domains and we need to bring these different values together. We used social-cultural and biophysical methods to map a diverse set of ESs at two spatial scales in a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Norway. The ESs bundled into three distinct social–ecological system archetypes which were similar in their distribution and relative ES values at both spatial scales. The bundles were also well matched to relative ESs values of the Biosphere Reserve zones (core, buffer, and transition) indicating that the bundles capture the social–ecological systems of the zones. We argue that it is important to consider the social–ecological context of the zones to provide sufficient knowledge to inform management. Our work has the capacity to contribute to sustainable land management that takes biocultural values into consideration.