bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating regional unemployment with mobile network data for Functional Urban Areas in Germany
Authors: Hadam Sandra , Würz Nora , Kreutzmann Ann-Kristin , Schmid Timo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ongoing growth of cities due to better job opportunities is leading to increased labour-related commuter flows in several countries. On the one hand, an increasing number of people commute and move to the cities, but on the other hand, the labour market indicates higher unemployment rates in urban areas than in the surrounding areas. We investigate this phenomenon on regional level by an alternative definition of unemployment rates in which commuting behaviour is integrated. We combine data from the Labour Force Survey with dynamic mobile network data by small area models for the federal state North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. From a methodical perspective, we use a transformed Fay–Herriot model with bias correction for the estimation of unemployment rates and propose a parametric bootstrap for the mean squared error estimation that includes the bias correction. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated in a case study based on official data and in model-based simulations. The results in the application show that unemployment rates (adjusted by commuters) in German cities are lower than traditional official unemployment rates indicate.
Uncovering Polysubstance Use Patterns in Canadian Youth with Machine Learning on Longitudinal COMPASS Data
Authors: Yang Yang , Butt Zahid A. , Leatherdale Scott T. , Chen Helen H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding polysubstance use (PSU) patterns and their associated factors among youth is crucial for addressing the complex issue of substance use in this population. This study aims to investigate PSU patterns in a large sample of Canadian youth and explore associated factors using data from COMPASS, a longitudinal health survey of Canadian secondary school students. The study sample consisted of 8824 students from grades 9 and 10 at baseline in 2016/17, followed over 3 years until 2018/19. Leveraging machine learning methods, especially the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate latent Markov models, we conducted a comprehensive examination of PSU patterns. Our analyses revealed distinct PSU patterns among Canadian youth, including no-use (C1), alcohol-only (C2), concurrent use of e-cigarettes and alcohol (C3), and poly-use (C4). C1 showed the highest prevalence (60.5%) in 2016/17, declining by 2.4 times over 3 years, while C3 became the dominant pattern (32.5%) in 2018/19. The prevalence of C3 and C4 increased by 2.3 and 4.4 times, respectively, indicating a growing trend of dual and multiple substance use. Risk factors associated with PSU patterns included truancy (ORC2 = 1.67, 95 % CI [1.55, 1.79]; ORC3 = 1.92, 95 % CI [1.80, 2.04]; ORC4 = 2.79, 95 % CI [2.64, 2.94]), having more smoking friends, more weekly allowance, elevated BMI, being older, and attending schools unsupportive in quitting drugs/alcohol. In contrast, not gambling online (ORC2 = 0.22, 95 % CI [−0.16, 0.58]; ORC3 = 0.14, 95 % CI [-0.24, 0.52]; ORC4 = 0.08, 95 % CI [−0.47, 0.63]), eating breakfast, residing in urban areas, and having higher school connectedness were protective factors against a higher-use pattern. This study provides insights for policymakers, educators, and health professionals to design targeted and evidence-based interventions, addressing youth substance use challenges through a comprehensive examination of PSU patterns and influential factors impacting substance use behaviors.
A Note on the Krylov Solvability of Compact Normal Operators on Hilbert Space
Authors: Caruso Noè Angelo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe analyse the Krylov solvability of inverse linear problems on Hilbert space $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
where the underlying operator is compact and normal. Krylov solvability is an important feature of inverse linear problems that has profound implications in theoretical and applied numerical analysis as it is critical to understand the utility of Krylov based methods for solving inverse problems. Our results explicitly describe for the first time the Krylov subspace for such operators given any datum vector $$g\in \mathcal {H}$$

g
∈
H

, as well as prove that all inverse linear problems are Krylov solvable provided that g is in the range of such an operator. We therefore expand our knowledge of the class of Krylov solvable operators to include the normal compact operators. We close the study by proving an isomorphism between the closed Krylov subspace for a general bounded normal operator and an $$L^2$$

L
2

-measure space based on the scalar spectral measure.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic On Violence Against Children: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mojahed Amera , Mack Judith T. , Specht Lina , Sandoz Vania , Garthus-Niegel Susan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The goal of this paper was to explore the different ways the COVID-19 pandemic has affected violence against children (VAC).

Recent Findings
Recent research of peer-reviewed articles using operational or survey data revealed the pandemic’s impact in terms of institutional responses, risk and mediating factors, changes in VAC dynamics, and a likely increase in child marriage.

Summary
Findings include a decrease in institutional responses, activities, and prevention case openings; an increased incidence of interparental intimate partner violence (IPV) witnessing cases, hospital admissions for suspected Abusive Head Trauma (AHT), other pediatric injuries, and sexual violence; a change in family conflict dynamics; and an estimated increase in child marriages. It also revealed mediating factors between the relationship of the pandemic and VAC (such as parental stress and mental health symptoms), as well as risk factors observed by service providers, which include the risk of mental health symptoms of both parents and children. Post-pandemic VAC research can be improved by utilizing operational or survey data in a meaningful way to be able to derive sound intervention approaches to diminish the pandemic’s impact on VAC and child marriage. We also propose for researchers to integrate child marriage into the definition of VAC.
Everyday Discrimination Scale: Dimensionality in a Portuguese community sample and specific versions for sexual and gender minority
Authors: Seabra Daniel , Gato Jorge , Petrocchi Nicola , Carreiras Diogo , Azevedo Julieta , Martins Luís , Salvador Maria do Céu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerceived everyday discrimination is a transversal phenomenon with a negative impact on people’s health. This study aimed to explore the factor structure and psychometric properties of three versions of the Everyday Discrimination Scale, with three different samples: the European Portuguese validation (EDS-PT, considering any reason for discrimination), using a sample of adults from the community (N = 610), a specific version for sexual minority (EDS-SM), with a sample of sexual minority individuals (N = 352), and a specific version for gender minority (EDS-GM), in a sample of gender minority individuals (N = 108). Factor structure and reliability of the different versions were examined. A second-order two-factor model (Everydaydiscrimination with factor 1 Unfair Treatment and factor 2 Personal Rejection) presented good adjustment and adequate reliability. Furthermore, all versions of EDS revealed weak to moderate correlations with indicators of convergent validity (mental health, satisfaction with life, social safeness, and social support). This study's outcomes provide insights into different types of everyday discrimination and suggest that the EDS-PT, EDS-SM and EDS-GM are valid and reliable measures useful in research and clinical contexts.
Heavy Mineral and Mineral Magnetic Tracers of Basaltic versus Cratonic Weathering as Indicators of Spatio-temporal Shifts in the Monsoonal Intensity over Central Indian Region
Authors: Kulkarni Y. R. , Sangode S. J. , Meshram D. C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Indian summer monsoon holds its core over Central Indian Region (CIR) through Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea branches. The majority of CIR is occupied by the Godavari Drainage Basin (GDB) which generates a large and episodic flux of sediments in the Bay of Bengal indicating a major shift in the monsoonal pattern over CIR. The large part of Deccan basalt province of GDB is present in the semi-arid watershed governed by the precipitation mostly from Arabian sea branch. Whereas the cratonic province is present in a high monsoonal zone governed by the precipitation from Bay of Bengal branch. Both these zones also represent Cratonic (non-basaltic) versus Basaltic sources converging at the Pranhita/Godavari confluence before their mixing onwards into delta and finally in the Bengal fan. Based on the heavy mineral and low temperature magnetic mineral characteristics of bed loads from the Godavari River before, at and after the confluence we attempt to characterise these two sources as a function of shift in monsoonal pattern over central India. The quantitative heavy mineral studies show dominance of stable minerals derived from the non-basaltic sources with a downstream trend for stable heavy minerals in a long profile to indicate stronger cratonic sources. The surface textures of garnet, epidote and hornblende indicate rapid transport and low residence time for the sediments derived from Precambrian granites, Proterozoic and Gondwana sediments presently defining the Core Monsoon Zone. The opaque grains represented by discrete ilmenite, magnetite and magnetite inclusions in aggregated quartz characteristic of the Deccan basaltic source show decreasing order downstream. The low temperature magnetic susceptibility for heavy minerals indicate Multi Domain and Ti-rich magnetite from Deccan basalts and magnetic inclusion in siliciclastic grains derived mostly from local sources. More detailed heavy mineral and geochemical analysis of the core sediments would help in documenting the temporal shifts in monsoonal intensity and its core regime over the Indian continent.
Is theoretical topic-specific research “old fashioned”? An epistemological inquiry about the ontological creativity of Mathematics Education Research
Authors: Asenova Miglena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Mathematics Education (ME), research dealing with topic-specific (TS) issues (e.g., what levels of development exist in learning fractions) produces usually local results and is considered less fashionable and attractive for innovative research projects than research dealing with context-specific (CS) issues that have more general and abstract scopes (e.g., what is mathematical instruction? what is the field of ME?) and produces middle-range or grand theories. TS- and CS-research run along separate tracks with little or no crossover, at least from the beginning of the socio-political-turn in ME, but connecting them could help to single out hidden variables in CS-research. This paper shows that TS-research creates specific mathematical objects that allow us to reduce the distance between these two lines of research. Mathematical objects specific to ME research are shown to be both a technical link between the two lines of research because they allow topic-specificity to access more abstract and general realms of research, as well as factor at stake when aspects related to the social, political, and ethical implications of the ontological creativity of TS-research are discussed in a critical postmodern approach. Discussing its impact on textbooks, teacher-training, teaching practices, further TS-research-practices, as well as on the researcher’s epistemological empowerment and on the self-referentiality of ME research, TS-research moves from the periphery to the heart of CS-research.
Understanding the formation of “false friends” (hidden lack of fusion defects) in laser beam welding by means of high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging
Authors: Schricker K. , Diegel C. , Schmidt L. , Seibold M. , Friedmann H. , Fröhlich F. , Eichler S. , Chen Y. , Requardt H. , Rack A. , Bergmann J. P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a fundamental understanding of “false friend” formation, i.e., hidden defects associated with lack of fusion, using an experimental setup that allowed an insight into the processing zone based on high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging. The setup enabled the welding of a lap joint of AISI 304 high-alloy steel sheets (X5CrNi18-10/1.4301), with the ability to adjust different gap heights between top and bottom sheet (up to 0.20 mm) and to acquire high-speed X-ray images at 100 kHz simultaneously with the welding process. On this basis, a time-resolved description of the “false friend” formation can be provided by visualizing the interaction between keyhole and melt pool during laser welding and solidification processes within the gap area. The bridgeability of the gap was limited due to the gap height and insufficient melt supply leading to the solidification of the bridge. The distance between the solidified bridge and the keyhole increased with time, while the keyhole and melt pool dynamics initiated the formation of new melt bridges whose stability was defined by melt flow conditions, surface tension, and gap heights. The alternating formation and solidification of melt bridges resulted in entrapped areas of lacking fusion within the weld, i.e., “false friends.” Finally, based on the results of this study, a model concept is presented that concludes the main mechanisms of “false friend” formation.
Military Expenditure, Governance, and Environmental Degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Ndour Cheikh T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines how good governance counteracts the effects of military expenditure on carbon emissions in forty African countries. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used to analyze time series data from 2010 to 2020. Military expenditure per capita is used to measure military expenditure per penetration, while CO2 emissions per capita are used as an indicator of environmental degradation. The following findings are established. First, from the non-interactive regressions, we find suggestive evidence that arms expenditure increases CO2 emissions. All indicators of good governance contribute to the increase of CO2 emissions. Second, with interactive regressions, we find that improved governance has a negative effect on CO2 emissions per capita. Third, the results are robust to a sensitivity check, considering the synergy effects of governance. This paper provides policy recommendations on low-carbon economies, military expenditure and governance that could help to ensure environmental sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions. In addition, the study findings can provide guidance to other developing countries seeking to implement effective approaches to environmental sustainability while strengthening climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.
Effect of Climate Change on Water Temperature and Stratification of a Small, Temperate, Karstic Lake (Lake Kozjak, Croatia)
Authors: Šarović Kristina , Klaić Zvjezdana B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As closed systems, lakes are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Understanding the response to climate change is crucial for effective management and conservation of the lakes and their associated ecosystems. This study focuses on Lake Kozjak, Croatia, a small lake belonging to the Plitvice Lakes system. This system represents a unique hydrogeological karstic phenomenon, closely dependent on a delicate biochemical balance necessary for tufa formation. We apply a simple one-dimensional model, SIMO v.1.0, to predict future water temperature in Lake Kozjak under three scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) from 2006 to 2100. The model was calibrated using measured water temperature profiles and meteorological data from a nearby station. In addition to analyzing the average temperatures of the epilimnion, hypolimnion and the whole lake, we also studied the surface and bottom layer temperatures and their relation to specific forcing parameters. The Schmidt stability index was used as a quantitative indicator to assess lake stability. The simulation results indicate average lake water temperature increase of 0.51, 1.41 and 4.51 °C (100 y)−1 for RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. This increase in the water temperature is not accompanied by a substantial strengthening of stratification under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios due to the temperature raise being present both in the epilimnion and hypolimnion. However, significant lengthening of the stratification period is observed even for the most stringent scenario, 16, 28 and 47 d (100 y)−1 for RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The predicted water temperature increase and prolonged stratification period may carry serious ecological and environmental implications.

Highlights
• Mean lake water temperature is projected to increase by 0.51 to 4.51 °C (100 y)−1.
• Baseline scenario surface temperature increase of 5.2 °C (100 y)−1 is predicted.
• Stratification period is predicted to lengthen by 16 (RCP2.6) to 47 days (RCP8.5).
• Substantial stratification strengthening is expected only under RCP8.5.
Monitoring the Relationship between Social Network Status and Influenza Based on Social Media Data
Authors: Yan Qi , Shan Siqing , Zhang Baishang , Sun Weize , Sun Menghan , Luo Yiting , Zhao Feng , Guo Xiaoshuang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
This article aims to analyze the relationship between user characteristics on social networks and influenza.

Methods:
Three specific research questions are investigated: (1) we classify Weibo updates to recognize influenza-related information based on machine learning algorithms and propose a quantitative model for influenza susceptibility in social networks; (2) we adopt in-degree indicator from complex networks theory as social media status to verify its coefficient correlation with influenza susceptibility; (3) we also apply the LDA topic model to explore users’ physical condition from Weibo to further calculate its coefficient correlation with influenza susceptibility. From the perspective of social networking status, we analyze and extract influenza-related information from social media, with many advantages including efficiency, low cost, and real time.

Results:
We find a moderate negative correlation between the susceptibility of users to influenza and social network status, while there is a significant positive correlation between physical condition and susceptibility to influenza.

Conclusions:
Our findings reveal the laws behind the phenomenon of online disease transmission, and providing important evidence for analyzing, predicting, and preventing disease transmission. Also, this study provides theoretical and methodological underpinnings for further exploration and measurement of more factors associated with infection control and public health from social networks.
“The Wild West:” Nurse Experiences of Responding to the 2017 Las Vegas Mass Shooting
Authors: Choi Kristen R. , Heilemann MarySue V. , Romero Stephanie Anne , Peng Kelly , Wu Joyce , Sondereker Dorita , Fisher Christopher , Brymer Melissa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nurses who responded to a public mass shooting in 2017.

Methods:
This qualitative study was conducted with a sample of nurses who responded to a mass shooting, recruited purposively from a hospital in Las Vegas, Nevada. Intensive interviews were conducted with a total of 7 nurses, audio-recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis.

Results:
Six themes were developed from interview data: (1) “The worst night of my life”: Overrun and overwhelmed; (2) Unexpected altruism and benevolence of patients and staff; (3) “The Wild West”: Giving victim care by improvising beyond rules; (4) Experiencing a range of reactions in the immediate aftermath and in the long term; (5) Shifts in nursing practice and evolving team dynamics; and (6) Defining realistic approaches to support staff mental health and mass casualty preparation.

Conclusion:
Nurses who were involved in responding to the public mass shooting described the event as life-altering. Given the critical role of nurses in responding to mass shootings, it is essential to consider how nurses can be supported in the aftermath of these events and how mass disaster preparation can include attention to the needs of nurses.
Development of the “Quad-SCARA” platform and its collision avoidance based on Buffered Voronoi Cell
Authors: Sun Xiao , Ishida Kazuyoshi , Makino Koji , Shibayama Kotaro , Terada Hidetsugu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs a solution to soft material manipulation, dual-arm robots that are capable of multi-point grasping have become the latest trend due to their higher capability and efficiency. To explore further development in soft material manipulation and go beyond the hardware limit of dual arms, in this paper the robot platform “Quad-SCARA” that consists of four Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA) is developed and introduced. With the base of hardware platform, a novel collision avoidance system designed for the motion planning of Quad-SCARA in multi-point grasping state is proposed. This system is inspired by the idea of “Buffered Voronoi Cell (BVC),” an algorithm originally proposed for multi-agent collision avoidance. After appropriate adaptation and new proposition in implementation of BVC, the experiments of folding and spreading a handkerchief are performed, and the results in simulation and robot experiments are presented and discussed for the validation and evaluation of entire system.
Paper Empires: Layers of Law in Colonial South Asia and the Indian Ocean
Authors: Chatterjee Nandini , Schrikker Alicia , Lyna Dries 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnthropologists and historians have recently underscored the ways in which European colonialism created novel regimes of legality and record-keeping, associated with ambitious and exclusive state-centered claims to both truth and rights, while being inevitably and constantly sucked into eddies of forgery and corruption. However, attention so far has been focused on English/European-language records and the colonial institutions that produced, stored, and deployed them. This has communicated a monolithic sense of power and normativity that unwittingly replicates the aspirations of colonial states. Drawing on eight case studies from in and around South Asia from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, we propose instead that the law of empires was rooted in the highly localized, often multilingual, and fragmented bureaucracies that produced its records. Here, historians of pre-colonial Indian regimes join hands with historians of British, Dutch, and French colonialism in order to unearth the genealogies of records written in Bengali, Marathi, Persian, Sinhala, and Tamil, as well as in French, Dutch, and English. This special issue collectively excavates the many layers, regimes, and languages in which legally effective records were produced by imperial regimes in South Asia and its much larger watery penumbra, the Indian Ocean.