bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in improving antimicrobial stewardship: systematic review
Authors: Khalid Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

Background: To improve antimicrobial utilization, development and implementation of microbiology laboratories (ML) in antimicrobial stewardship programs has been recommended. The primary objective of this review was to characterize role of microbiology laboratories in the antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and to identify interventions that improve patient outcomes or process of care and/or reduce consequences of antimicrobial use.
Methods: This study was completed as a systematic review. The following PubMed database was searched from January, 2021 through March, 2022. Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, controlled and uncontrolled before-and-after studies, interrupted time series studies, and repeated-measures studies evaluating ML interventions in the AMS were included in the review. Studies published in languages other than English were excluded.
Results: A total of 20 studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified from our search. speeding up the laboratory workup of samples; rapidly searching for certain pathogens; rapid reporting of positive and negative test results and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Impact of interventions showed variable results. Where identified, benefits of AMS interventions primarily included improvement in delivery of care or a decrease in antimicrobial utilization.
Conclusions: implementing the ML interventions to improve the AMS and patient care by increasing the use of different laboratory tests that include rapidly isolate, identifying and tailoring therapy in response to culture results.
Pendampingan Pelatihan Penerapan E-Commerce dalam Usaha Peningkatan Penjualan Pada Lyna Risoles
Authors: Yayu Kusdiana  , Safrizal  , Muhamad Rizki  , Riyan Afriadi  
Published: May 2023

Pemasaran melalui e - commerce dengan menggunakan media sosial seperti facebook (FB), instagram (IG) dan whatsup business sangat membantu para pelaku UMKM untuk meningkatkan penjualannya Hal ini telah di buktikan oleh Lyna Risoeles sebagai salah satu pelaku UMKM yang bergerak dalam bidang jajanan pasar dengan menu utamanya risoles. Logo dan benner juga membawa pengatruh yang besar bagi Lyna Risoles sebagai bentuk cara mempromosikan produknya sehingga dapat meningkatkan omset penjualan.
A code of ethical conduct for the public health profession
Authors: Laaserulrich.laaser@uni-bielefeld.de  z Ulrich , Schröder-Bäck Peter , Eliakimu Eliudi , Czabanowska Katarzyna 
Published: May 2023

Aim: Agreeing on a Code of Ethical Conduct is an essential step in the formation and definition of a public health profession in its own right. In this paper we attempt to identify a limited number of key ethical principles to be reflected as professional guidance.
Methods: We used a consensus building approach based on narrative review of pivotal literature and theoretical argumentation in search for corresponding terms and - in a second step - attempted to align them to a limited number of key values. The resulting draft code of ethical conduct was validated employing a framework of the Council of Europe and reviewed in two quasi Delphi rounds by members of a global think tank.
Results: The alignment exercise demonstrated the acceptability of five preselected key principles: solidarity, equity, efficiency, respect for autonomy, and justice whereas three additional principles were identified during the discussion rounds: common good, stewardship, and keeping promises.
Conclusions: In the context of emerging and re-emerging diseases as well as increase in lifestyle-related diseases, the proposed Code of Ethical Conduct may serve as a mirror which public health professionals will use to design and implement public health interventions. Future public health professional chambers or an analogous structure should become responsible for the acknowledgement and enforcement of the Code.
Association of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) with socio-demographic factors and metastases site in women with metastatic breast cancer in Albania
Authors: Hoti Adrian , Gashi Edmond , Kraja Fationa , Sallaku Agim 
Published: May 2023

Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the association of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) with socio-demographic factors and metastases site in women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer in post-communist Albania.
Methods: A case-series study was carried out during the period January 2010 – September 2017 including 110 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer with metastases at the Oncology Service of the University Hospital Centre “Mother Teresa” in Tirana, the Albanian capital. Of these, 57 (51.8%) patients had evidence of hepatic metastases, whereas the reaming 53 (48.2%) patients had metastases in the bones and/or in the lungs. CEA and CA15-3 were measured at the time of diagnosis for all study participants. In addition, information on socio-demographic factors was collected. General linear model was used to assess the relationship of CEA and CA15-3 with covariates.
Results: There was evidence of a significant correlation between CEA and CA15-3 levels (Spearman’s rho=0.59, P<0.001). Upon simultaneous adjustment for all covariates, mean values of CEA and CA15-3 were significantly higher in patients with metastases in the bones and/or in the lungs compared with their counterparts with metastases in the liver. Also, CA15-3 levels were significantly higher in younger patients compared with their older counterparts.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable evidence on selected correlates of CEA and CA15-3 in Albanian female patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. Oncologists and other health professionals in Albania, as well as decision-makers and policymakers should be aware of the burden and risk factors of breast cancer among women in this transitional society.
The status of health services in the 15 counties of Liberia
Authors: Kesselly Roland Y. , Kwenah Nuaker K. , Gonyon Ernest , Byepu Stephen , Bawo Luke , Jacobs George , Korvayan Justin , Graeser Melanie S. , Galakpai Moses Kortoyassah , Wesseh Sandford , Laaser Ulrich 
Published: May 2023

Aim: Liberia, situated at the West African coast, is composed of 15 counties with an economic gradient steeply decreasing from the Northwest to the Southeast. Health-related activities by government action in the 15 counties concentrate on the areas of family planning, antenatal and delivery care, as well as immunization, health workforce and infrastructure. The differences in this regard between the 15 Liberian counties will be reviewed.
Methods: A narrative review is employed, making use of the recent international and national documents, relevant literature and available information from the following primary and secondary sources and databases.
Results: The results point to gross differences between the 15 counties of Liberia in terms of health service provision. The overall readiness based on defined indicators for all 701 facilities was 59% with a range between facilities at the level of counties of 50% to 65%; for family planning services 88% (range 65% – 100%); for antenatal care 62% (range 55% – 100%); for immunization coverage 76% (range 66% – 86%). The health workforce of Liberia comprises 11.8 health workers per 10.000 population, WHO target is 23, the counties range from 8.0 to 15.7. Similarly, according to WHO standards, there should be 2 health facilities per 10.000 inhabitants, Liberia comes up to 1.9 however the counties range from 1.1 – 3.0 per 10.000.
Conclusions: It is obvious that across almost all areas of women and child health and health services in general there exist large differences between counties, which points to considerable health inequities in this country. The government of Liberia should consider reallocating the available resources per number of population instead of accepting historical developments, however with a correction factor in favou of disadvantaged regions and population groups.
The corporatization of global health: The impact of neoliberalism
Authors: Marstein Egil , Babich Suzanne M. 
Published: May 2023

Concomitant with the emergence of a neoliberal precept for global health is the decline in support for publicly funded programs working to alleviate health disparities in poor countries. An unequivocal faith in the privatization and marketization of public health services is evident in current day national policy reforms. Commodification of health services is perceived as a cure-all. Privatization of global health initiatives contrasts with the past institutional paradigm. Corporate and philanthropic power trumps intergovernmental governance. The epistemological precept is clear: Global health is best served with mandated private initiatives. Powerful foundations cause critical shifts in the balance of power among stakeholders and become preeminent players in global health policy agenda formation. The ethics of consequentialism have attained current day prominence. This contrasts with the merits and relevancy of de-ontological ethics in which rules and moral duty are central. In this paper, authors make a case for contesting the ethos of effective altruism or venture philanthropy, suggesting that this approach keeps nations and people from recognizing the oppressive nature of neoliberalism as a governing precept for global health.
Women leadership for public health: The added value and needs of women driving public health system reform in Ukraine
Authors: Czabanowska Katarzyna , Anna CichowskaMyrup  , Aleksandrova Olga 
Published: May 2023

The Ukrainian health care system is undergoing reforms. Although women constitute a driving force in the Ukrainian health system transformation, their economic and decision-making participation remains extremely low. The existence of barriers such as: work/life balance, gender bias, stereotypes, lack of confidence, lack of mentoring, and lack of adequate networking and equal access to opportunities prevent women from reaching high leadership positions.
With the aim to empower the current and future female public health leaders, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and WHO held a seminar entitled “Women’s Leadership in Public Health” in Kyiv on 16-18 May 2017. The seminar was based on the assumption that contemporary public health demands require a more inclusive and less hierarchical style of leadership – focused on developing and working with stakeholder networks. Such a leadership style is more effective in achieving public health goals.
The international, interdisciplinary and inter-professional faculty engaged in the interactive meaning making around such topics as: the self-assessment of leadership competencies, public health leadership, leadership theories, system thinking, dealing with interests, power and stakeholders, barriers to women leadership and methods to address them, special leadership tools for women empowerment and leading change, communication and impact. Strengthening health systems for better health was the red thread throughout the whole seminar.
Need for nursing care support in cancer patients: Registry-linkage study in Germany
Authors: Spallek Jacob , Breckenkamp Jürgen , Kraywinkel Klaus , Schwabe Wolfgang , Krieg Volker , Greiner Wolfgang , Damm Oliver , Razum Oliver 
Published: May 2023

Aim: In Germany, very little is known about the need for assistance and nursing care support among cancer patients after hospitalization. The aim of this study was to describe nursing care support for cancer patients and to analyse whether these patients need more care assistance than other persons in need for care.
Methods: This was a registry linkage study conducted in 2011. Cases were identified from the population-based cancer registry for the Muenster District in north-western Germany and in factually anonymised form linked by a semi-automatic probabilistic procedure (the standard procedure of the cancer registry) with medical examination records of patients applying for assistance and nursing care support from the regional statutory health insurance. The application records of 4,029 patients with colon, breast and prostate cancer were compared to a reference group of 13,104 non-cancer patients.
Results: In only 41.7% of colon, 45.8% of breast and 37.4% of prostate cancer patients was the malignancy the main underlying diagnostic cause for the application of assistance and nursing care. These patients were on average younger (mean age 71.1 vs. 76.8 years) than the non-cancer reference group, required higher levels of support (79.5 vs. 58.1% “considerable” or higher level care need) and their applications were less likely to be rejected (odds ratios [ORs] 0.26, 0.28, and 0.31, respectively). By contrast, the proportion of successful applications and the level of support granted did not differ between multimorbid cancer patients with other main diagnoses as compared to non-cancer applicants.
Conclusion: Patients with colon, breast or prostate cancer do not need per se more nursing care than non-cancer patients. Only if cancer is the main underlying diagnosis for nursing care support, higher levels of support are needed.
Overweight and obesity among women living in peri-urban areas in West Africa
Authors: Malik Koussoh Simone , Adoubi Anicet , Kouadio Kouamé , Kouamé Jérôme , Sackou Julie 
Published: May 2023

Aim: This study assessed selected correlates of overweight and obesity among women in a sub-urban population of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during April-May, 2014 in Abobo-Anonkoi 3, a peri-urban city of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire. Women of 18 years and older healthy in appearance were randomly recruited from households. Overweight and obesity were measured by BMI respectively greater or equal to 25 and 30 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined by waist to hip ratio greater or equal to 0.80. The level of physical activity was evaluated by the IPAQ questionnaire and the blood pressure according to the criteria of the JNC7 report. A regression analysis of the associated factors with overweight and obesity (age, marital status, level of study, level of physical activity, blood pressure, and socioeconomic status) was carried out.
Results: We visited 486 households in which 398 women were approached and 327 agreed to participate in the survey. The average age was 35.25 ± 12.4 years. The prevalence of overweight was 27.2% and that of obesity was 19.6%; 72.2%of women had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 90.6% among obese people. Age (p=0.006), marital status (p=0.002) and blood pressure (p=0.004) were significantly associated with obesity. With regard to abdominal obesity, there was a significant association of educational level in addition to the above factors.
Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are a reality in this population of Côte d’Ivoire and about one in five people are affected by the scourge of obesity.
Migrant Health Policy in European Union (EU) and a non EU country: Current situation and future challenges for improvement
Authors: Tozija Fimka , Lizana Tona 
Published: May 2023

Aim: The influx of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants in Europe is an ongoing reality and migrant health has become very important public health problem. The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the health profile, migrant situation and migration integration health policy in Spain as a European Union (EU) country and Republic of North Macedonia as a country in process of European Union accession.
Methods: Migration Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) Health strand questionnaire (2015) was applied to compare health policies for migrant integration in both countries.
Results: There are differences between Spain and Macedonia in health care coverage and access to health services for migrants. Spain has health strand total score of 52 and is in the same group with Austria, Ireland, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden. Macedonia has lower health strand total score 38 and is in the same group with Turkey, Cyprus, Slovakia. Targeted migrant health policies are stronger and services more responsive in Spain compared to Macedonia which offers migrants legal entitlements to healthcare, but health services should be more culturally responsive to migrant health needs.
Conclusion: Health migration policy in both countries is closely tied to the general immigration policy.
Level of competencies of family physicians from patients’ viewpoint in post-war Kosovo
Authors: Bojaj Gazmend , Czabanowska Katarzyna , Skeraj Fitim 
Published: May 2023

Aim: Besides the health professionals’ perspective, it is equally important to assess the perceptions of the users of health care services with regard to abilities, skills andcompetencies of their family physicians. Our aim was to assess the level of competencies of family physicians from patients’ viewpoint in transitional Kosovo.
Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted in Kosovo in 2013, including a representative sample of 1340 primary health care users aged ≥18 years (49% males aged 50.7±18.4 years and 51% females aged 50.4±17.4 years; response rate: 89%). Participants were asked to assess the level of competencies of their respective family physicians regarding different domains of the medical encounter. The self-administered questionnaire included 37 items structured into six domains. Answers for each item of the instrument ranged from one (“novice” physicians) to five (“expert” physicians). An overall summary score related to family physicians’ competencies was calculated for each participant [range: from 37 (minimalcompetencies) to 185 (maximal competencies)]. Furthermore, demographic andsocioeconomic data were collected. General Linear Model was used to assess thedemographic and socioeconomic correlates of the overall level of family physicians’competences according to patients’ perspective.
Results: Mean value of the overall summary score for the 37-item instrument was118.0±19.7. It was higher among the younger and the low-income participants, and in patients who reported frequent health visits and those not satisfied with the quality of the medical encounter. Conversely, no sex, or educational differences were noted.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate a relatively high level of competencies of familyphysicians from patients’ perspective in post-war Kosovo. Future studies shouldcomprehensively assess the main determinants of self-perceived competencies of family physicians among primary health care users in Kosovo.
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Albania
Authors: Tafa Holta , Mema Donika , Mezini Arian , Nikolla Jolanda , Teferici Alma , Todri Dafina , Burazeri Genc , Hafizi Hasan 
Published: May 2023

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of COPD and its associated factors among adults in Albania.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Albania in 2013-14. A nation-wide representative sample of 1200 adults aged ≥40 years was selected using multistage cluster sampling technique. All participants were interviewed about socio-demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, smoking status and clinical characteristics. Spirometry was performed according to standard methods. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio <70% predicted.
Results: Of the 1200 adults invited to participate, 939 adults or 78% (467 men and 472 women) were eligible for the study. The overall COPD prevalence (GOLD stage 1 or higher) was 12.4%; it was higher in men (17.4%) than in women (7.7%). Using Lower Limit of Normal (LLN), the prevalence of COPD was 9.9%, again higher in men (13.2%) than women (6.6%). The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed COPD was 1.3% (1.9% in men, 0.6 % in women). Male sex, smoking and increasing age were significantly associated with COPD diagnosis.
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of COPD in Albania was 9.9% using BOLD standards. Smoking and increasing age were the main risk factors for COPD. The study highlights the importance of raising awareness of COPD among health professionals.
National disaster preparedness and emergency response of nurses in Germany: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Grochtdreis Thomas , Schröder-Bäck Peter , Harenberg Niels , Görres Stefan , Jong Nynke de 
Published: May 2023

Aim: This study aimed to explore the German nurses’ perceptions of their knowledge, roles and experience in the field of national preparedness and emergency response.
Methods: An exploratory qualitative design was used with open-ended questions during semi-structured interviews with qualified nurses currently working in hospitals. The setting of the study consisted of wards of different hospitals in three northern federal states of Germany. The data analysis was done by summarizing analysis of the contents. From a convenient sample of n=31 hospitals, n=13 nurses were included in the study.
Results: The median age of the participants was 45 years and 38% were female. Within the three professional socialization fields, knowledge, roles and experience, 17 themes were clustered.
Conclusion: Within the themes of knowledge, role and experience in national disaster prepared-ness and emergency response, similarities and differences were explored in comparison to inter-national literature.
Can Russia’s high mortality return until 2030 to trajectory of the 1980-ies and reach the SDGs evenly across the country?
Authors: Chernyavskiy Valery , Wenzel Helmut , Mikhailova Julia , Ivanova Alla , Zem-lyanova Elena , Bjegovic-Mikanovic Vesna , Mikhailov Alexander , Laaser Ulrich 
Published: May 2023

Aim: This study reviews the ability of the Russian Federation to reduce the high mortality until 2030 evenly across the country and in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
Methods: We adopted the method suggested by Haenszel for estimating Premature Years of Life Lost for the age group <70 years and applied a projected reduction of 33% by 2030 as proposed for SDG 3.4. To calculate the potential time gap we used the model of the United Nations Development Programme and standardized the rates by the OECD 1980 Standard Population employing the direct method.

Results: If Russia keeps the present level of effort the reduction by one third of the level of premature mortality as in 2013 will be in reach already in 2024 i.e. 5.9 years in advance of the SDG 3 target for 2030. This target is achieved quite evenly also throughout the 8 districts of the Russian Federation between 10.6 and 5.0 years in advance and in selected special districts/republics with the highest and lowest mortality rates.

Conclusion: After the steep decrease of life expectancy during the 1990ies the Russian Federation returned to the original trajectory.