bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Anxiety, Depression and Flourishing before and During COVID-19 and the Predictive Role of Baseline Psychological Capital (PsyCap) on Student Mental Health and Subjective Wellbeing During the Pandemic
Authors: Finch Jules , Waters Allison M , Farrell Lara J 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudies indicate the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in rises in adolescent mental health symptoms globally, although the impact of the pandemic on subjective wellbeing is under-researched in this population. Psychological capital (PsyCap), a cluster of four positive psychological constructs comprising hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism (HERO), has demonstrated preventative and promotive qualities on mental health symptoms and subjective wellbeing outcomes with adult populations (employees, university students). However, PsyCap’s influence on these outcomes in young people is unclear. The present exploratory study investigated changes in self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms (measured via the RCADS-SV) and subjective wellbeing (measured by the Flourishing Scale) from pre-pandemic levels to 3 months into the pandemic and explored gender differences at each time point in a sample of Australian Year 10 students (N = 56, Mage = 14.93 years, SD = 0.50, 51.8% male). The longitudinal predictive role of baseline PsyCap on follow-up assessments of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and flourishing were also examined. There were no significant changes in levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms between the timepoints, but flourishing significantly declined from T1 to T2. Baseline PsyCap was not a significant predictor of T2 anxiety and depressive symptoms but was a significant predictor of T2 flourishing. Further, different baseline HERO constructs predicted T2 mental health symptoms and flourishing. Future larger studies building on the current preliminary findings investigating the roles of student PsyCap, mental health and subjective wellbeing are warranted to better understand these constructs in the COVID-19 era and beyond.
The representation of greenery in the boundaries between the open landscape and residential areas in suburbanised rural settlements: development from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century
Authors: Maňas Jan , Kabrhel Jan , Kyselovič Jakub 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of rural settlements into commuter towns in the hinterland of large cities, coupled with intensive agriculture and climate change, may negatively affect the prosperity of these areas. The presented analysis focused on randomly selected rapidly growing settlements in the Prague metropolitan area, examining their development with a focus on the peripheral parts of such settlements. Settlement margins constitute a specific part of rural settlements as it typically contributes to the rural character by providing the gradual gradient between the settlement and the open landscape. The representation of water-absorbing and non-water-absorbing areas and their suitability for the development of taller vegetation along the margins of three randomly selected suburbanised settlements in the hinterland of Prague are analysed from the perspective of the possibility to maintain the traditional character of the settlement margins. Historical maps, aerial photographs, spatial planning documents, and data on current land use and landscape cover were used for the analysis of the settlements’ development over the last approx. 200 years. In order to determine whether an area is water absorbing or not, a manual approach was used for historical maps and a machine learning process for present orthophoto maps. The automated machine learning classification process could be utilised, because the used orthophoto imagery includes a near-infrared portion of the spectrum (i.e. NIR imagery). We have observed the trend of decreasing plot size and of reduction in the water-absorbing surfaces suitable for planting taller vegetation, especially in the twenty-first century residential developments, which disrupts the traditional rural character of these settlements. The utilisation and stabilisation of the current vegetation in the historical areas, together with the creation of the vegetation belts along the margins of the newly developed areas, could improve the environmental quality of these settlements, promote ecosystem services, and increase biodiversity.
Impact of an Emergency Remote Teaching Model on Students’ Academic Performance During COVID-19
Authors: Carrasco-Hernández Antonio , Lozano-Reina Gabriel , Lucas-Pérez María Encarnación , Madrid-Garre María Feliz , Sánchez-Marín Gregorio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic posed a major challenge to universities. It forced them to face the urgent need to rapidly transform their traditional onsite teaching into an emergency remote teaching (ERT) model rather than being able to gradually introduce an effective transition to an online model. Based on a sample of 505 students enrolled in the course on Work Organization at the University of Murcia in Spain, this study analyzes the impact of implementing an ERT model on students’ academic performance. Results show that students display superior academic performance in an onsite teaching–learning model compared to the online ones adopted during COVID-19. Findings also reveal that students’ self-assessment activities enhance their academic performance—both in onsite and online teaching contexts—which implies that ERT model performance can be alleviated by adequately planning self-assessment activities during the course.
Asymmetric L-shaped resonant optical antennas with plasmon length tuning and high-electric field enhancement
Authors: Bralović Nikola , Lemmer Uli , Hussein Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractL-shaped resonant optical antennas (ROAs) are low-symmetry plasmonic nanostructures with the unique ability to show two tunable resonances in the optical and near-infrared wavelength regions. The plasmon length of the so-called longitudinal dipolar fundamental plasmon mode of these asymmetric L-shaped ROAs can be used as plasmon resonance building blocks to design polarization-sensitive devices. This paper introduces and numerically analyzes a novel design of asymmetric L-shape ROAs. The reported design offers two resonance modes, i.e., bimodal longitudinal antenna resonance behavior with a high enhancement factor. These two resonances can be selectively excited by changing the linear polarization angle. It is found that the coupled L-shaped ROA with a very small 2 nm gap width exhibits field enhancements 40 and 147.3 on scale $$\left|{E}_{TOT}\right|/\left|{E}_{IN}\right|$$

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TOT

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IN

for the high energy and low energy resonance, respectively. The obtained results and the analysis open a new route for multiple plasmon resonance devices with ultra-high field enhancement that can be easily integrated with future nano-optical circuits with multiple operational frequencies.
Psychological resilience and competence: key promoters of successful aging and flourishing in late life
Authors: Zábó Virág , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Zoltan , Purebl György 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany individuals, both in the public and within the field of psychology, often perceive aging as a burden that negatively impacts intellectual and mental health. Our present study aims to challenge this notion by identifying the crucial components of positive mental health in later life. These components not only promote positive mental health but also actively contribute to it, even under difficult circumstances. To accomplish this, we first offer a concise review of well-being and mental health models that highlight the psychological aspects of flourishing in late life. We then introduce a psychological competence-based model for positive mental health, which aligns with the concept of positive aging. Subsequently, we present a measurement tool suitable for practical applications. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of positive aging, drawing on methodological guidelines and existing research findings concerning sustainable positive mental health in later life. We examine the evidence indicating that psychological resilience (the capacity to adapt and recover from adversity or stress) and competence (skills and abilities to effectively cope with challenges across various life domains) significantly contribute to slowing down biological aging processes. Furthermore, we discuss insights into the relationship between psychological factors and aging derived from research on Blue Zones (regions characterized by a higher proportion of individuals experiencing longer, healthier lives).
Risk factors for mortality after hip fracture surgery in Japan using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Authors: Nishimura Yuki , Inagaki Yusuke , Noda Tatsuya , Nishioka Yuichi , Myojin Tomoya , Ogawa Munehiro , Kido Akira , Imamura Tomoaki , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Summary

We investigated the risk factors for mortality of hip fracture in the elderly using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims in Japan, and survival was significantly related to sex, age, fracture type, surgical procedure, delayed operative date, comorbidities, blood transfusions, and pulmonary embolism.

Purpose
Hip fracture is the most common fracture in the elderly and is known to have a high mortality rate. In Japan, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have reported on mortality risk factors for hip fracture using nationwide registry databases. This study aimed to determine the number of occurrences of hip fracture and factors that increase mortality using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan.

Methods
This study included extracted data from patients who were hospitalized and underwent surgical treatment for hip fracture between 2013 and 2021, using a nationwide health insurance claims database in Japan. Patient characteristics, such as sex, age, fracture type, surgical procedure, delayed operative date, comorbidities, blood transfusions, and pulmonary embolism, were tabulated to obtain 1-year and in-hospital mortality rates.

Results
Both 1-year and in-patient survival were significantly lower in men, older patients, patients who underwent surgery after 3 days of admission, and patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures, internal fixation, more preoperative comorbidities, blood transfusions, and pulmonary embolism.

Conclusions
Survival was significantly related to sex, age, fracture type, surgical procedure, delayed operative date, comorbidities, blood transfusions, and pulmonary embolism. As the number of male patients with hip fracture will increase with the aging of society, medical staff must provide sufficient information before surgery to avoid postoperative mortality.
Semi-active tuned mass dampers under combined variable actions of friction forces and external disturbances
Authors: Zacchei Enrico , Brasil Reyolando 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnti-seismic devices are employed to implement the best performance of the structures under earthquakes. In this paper, semi-active tuned mass dampers (SA-TMDs) are studied by considering several combinations of variable friction forces and external disturbances. The variable damping model is used, where the goal consists in estimating the external actions to find the best friction force for system dampening. In particular, general, sinusoidal, and Gaussian dynamic loadings are considered. To obtain the response of the structure and dampers, several numerical solutions have been implemented. Probabilistic and determines analyses have been also developed to study different damper characteristics. Results show that a SA-TMD can reduce the structure displacements up to ~ 70.0% indicating a good performance in controlling different oscillations. This technology not only preserves the integrity of a structure mitigating its vibrations but also improves the life of occupants and their safety and comfort. This is beneficial from the perspective of practical application, and it is an advancement with respect to this theme.
Explaining the Cultural Evolution of large-scale Collaboration: Conventionality as an Alternative for Collective Intentionality
Authors: Slors Marc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe scalar notion of collective intentionality has been used to characterize the evolution of largely uncollaborative apes to highly collaborative ones. This proposal covers human evolution up until and including the formation of hunter-gather groups. But can collective intentionality also explain the emergence of complex societies? I argue that it cannot. Instead of collective intentionality, collaboration in complex societies hinges on a set of non-strategic attitudes and standardized human interactions so that role divisions, institutions, norms and conventions can emerge as group-level phenomena. This set, summarized as ‘conventionality’, is a product of group-level selection rather than of collectively intending minds.
Anesthesia for Triple Endoscopy in Aerodigestive Patients
Authors: Karnwal Abhishek , Yoo Jennifer , Sanders Kyle , Ross Patrick A. , Hochstim Christian , Bhardwaj Vrinda , Bansal Manvi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To find the best anesthesia practices for patients with aerodigestive disorders undergoing triple endoscopy.

Recent Findings
While there is abundant literature on the utility of aerodigestive programs as well as the triple endoscopy performed in aerodigestive patients, there is a lack of studies investigating the optimal anesthetic technique for this patient population.

Summary
Triple endoscopy has been shown to expedite diagnosis and treatment while exposing patients to less anesthesia and decreasing the frequency of unnecessary evaluations. Due to the high-risk nature of airway procedures and the frequent underlying comorbidities in this special patient population, perioperative respiratory complications are common. Collaborative, multidisciplinary care among anesthesiologists, otolaryngologists, pulmonologists, and gastroenterologists is essential to meet the specific needs of each aerodigestive patient and safely perform the triple endoscopy. This article outlines our anesthetic approach and the perioperative considerations taken for each stage of the process.
High Systolic Blood Pressure of High-Income African American Children
Authors: Assari Shervin , Najand Babak , Khatami Seyedeh Mohaddeseh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
According to the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, racism may reduce the health returns of family socioeconomic status (SEP) resources such as family income for racial minorities, particularly African Americans, compared to Whites. However, we are unaware of any previous studies on racial variation in the protective effects of family income on children’s blood pressure.

Aim
We conducted this study to compare the overall effects of family income on pre-adolescents’ systolic and diastolic blood pressure, test racial variation in this effect, and investigate whether racial variation in this regard is due to racial differences in body mass index.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 4007 racially diverse US children 9–10 years old. The independent variable was family income measured as a three-level categorical variable: less than $50 K USD, 50–100 K USD, and 100 + K USD. The primary outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured up to three times at 1-min time intervals. Body mass index was the mediator. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis to adjust for data nested to the centers, families, and individuals. Age, gender, parental education, family structure, and Latino ethnicity were covariates.

Results
In the pooled sample and in the absence of interaction terms in the model, family income did not show an inverse association with children’s systolic (for 100 + K USD family income: β =  − 0.71, p = 0.233 and for 50–100 K USD family income: β = 0.01, p = 0.989) or diastolic blood pressure (for 100 + K USD family income: β =  − 0.66, p = 0.172 and for 50–100 K USD family income: β = 0.23, p = 0.600). However, race showed a significant interaction with family income on systolic blood pressure (for 50–100 K USD × African American: β = 2.75, p = 0.034), suggesting higher systolic blood pressure of African American adolescents from high-income backgrounds. Racial variation in the protective effect of family income on systolic BP was no more significant (for 50–100 K USD × African American: β = 2.14, p = 0.149) after we controlled for body mass index (BMI), which was higher for African American than White adolescents.

Conclusion
The association between high family income and reduced systolic blood pressure in pre-adolescence might be weaker for African Americans compared to Whites, a difference that African American adolescents’ higher body mass index can explain.
Recent Progress in Interfacial Dipole Engineering for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Yinyi , Gong Jue , Zeng Peng , Liu Mingzhen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDesign and modification of interfaces have been the main strategies in developing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among the interfacial treatments, dipole molecules have emerged as a practical approach to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs due to their unique and versatile abilities to control the interfacial properties. Despite extensive applications in conventional semiconductors, working principles and design of interfacial dipoles in the performance/stability enhancement of PSCs are lacking an insightful elucidation. In this review, we first discuss the fundamental properties of electric dipoles and the specific roles of interfacial dipoles in PSCs. Then we systematically summarize the recent progress of dipole materials in several key interfaces to achieve efficient and stable PSCs. In addition to such discussions, we also dive into reliable analytical techniques to support the characterization of interfacial dipoles in PSCs. Finally, we highlight future directions and potential avenues for research in the development of dipolar materials through tailored molecular designs. Our review sheds light on the importance of continued efforts in this exciting emerging field, which holds great potential for the development of high-performance and stable PSCs as commercially demanded.
Transferförderung durch Lehrende in Soft Skills und Hard Skills Weiterbildungen
Authors: Barth Dorothee , Bonnes Caroline , Hochholdinger Sabine 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungWelche Schwerpunkte setzen Lehrende abhängig vom Weiterbildungsinhalt bei der Stützung transferförderlicher Maßnahmen? Um dies zu ermitteln, wurden in der vorliegenden Studie Lehrende aus der berufsbezogenen Weiterbildung (N = 418) mittels einer Online-Erhebung zu ihrem transferförderlichen Vorgehen befragt. Eine einfaktorielle MANOVA ergab für sämtliche Maßnahmenbereiche einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen Soft Skills und Hard Skills Inhalten mit einer kleinen Effektstärke. Erwartungsgemäß wurde bei Soft Skills Weiterbildungen in sechs der sieben Bereiche Transfer signifikant stärker gestützt, wobei die Unterschiede am deutlichsten ausfielen für die Bereiche „Modellernen, Feedback und Reflexion“ sowie für „Transferzielplanung durch die Teilnehmenden“. Dagegen zeigte sich, dass bei Hard Skills Inhalten eher auf eine realitätsnahe Weiterbildungsumgebung geachtet wird, um einen nahen Transfer zu begünstigen. Zusätzliche Analysen ergaben, dass die vorgefundenen Unterschiede nicht durch die Qualifikation der Lehrenden in Form einer Trainerausbildung erklärbar sind. Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass eine konsequentere domänenspezifische Ausdifferenzierung in der Weiterbildungsforschung zielführend wäre. Zudem könnte eine Thematisierung der vorgefundenen domänenspezifischen Unterschiede in zukünftigen Fort- und Weiterbildungen für die Professionalisierung von Lehrenden sinnvoll sein.
Dynamic hypergraph embedding onto concentric hypersphere manifold intended for effective visualization
Authors: Ito Shuta , Fushimi Takayasu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHypergraph is a graph structure that can efficiently express the relationship of multiple nodes and has attracted attention in recent years. As with normal graphs, the structure changes every moment, and it is an important research topic in graph mining to capture structural changes. Many existing graph embedding methods focus on prediction tasks, and few focus on the visualization of structural changes. In this study, we aim to output embeddings for effective visualization in terms of spatial efficiency, node classification accuracy, graph structure maintenance, computational efficiency, and structural change detection performance. Our proposed method gets inspired by modularity maximization, quantifies connection strength between hypernodes and hyperedges, and embeds hypernodes on the surface of concentric spheres with a radius equal to the timestep, where a spherical surface has a wide area in the middle range. These devices are expected to correspond to the following two characteristics: (1) a graph has more node pairs whose distances are middle-range than short- and long-range; (2) a growing graph generally has an increasing number of nodes. Evaluation experiments using multiple real hypergraphs show that the proposed method is superior to existing visualization methods in the abovementioned terms.
Therapeutic dilemmas: cognitive enhancers and risk of falling in older adults—a clinical review
Authors: Portlock Gabbie E. , Smith Matthew D. , van Poelgeest Eveline P. , Welsh Tomas James ,   on behalf of the EuGMS Task and Finish Group on FRIDs (Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs)
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cognitive enhancers are the primary pharmacological therapy prescribed to those with dementia, comprising of memantine and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). The long-term cognitive and behavioural benefits of these medications, as well as their potential contribution to falls is currently debated, with recent Delphi studies being unable to reach consensus on whether these medications should be deprescribed. In this narrative clinical review, as part of a series on deprescribing in people at risk of falls, we explore the potential falls-related side effects experienced in people taking cognitive enhancers, alongside situations where deprescribing may be appropriate.

Methods
We undertook a literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar, using terms capturing falls and cognitive enhancers, as well as consulting the British National Formulary and published Summary of Medicinal Product Characteristics. These searches informed the subsequent clinical review.

Results
Cognitive enhancers should be subject to regular review, including confirmation of appropriate treatment indication, and occurrence of side effects in the context of falls. AChEIs, in particular, are associated with a broad range of side effects that can contribute to increased falls risk. These include bradycardia, syncope and neuromuscular effects. Where these have been identified, deprescribing should be considered, as well as alternative treatment options. Deprescribing studies have shown mixed results, likely due to considerable methodological heterogeneity. Several suggested guidelines exist to aid deprescribing decisions, many of which are highlighted in this review.

Conclusions
The use of cognitive enhancers should be regularly reviewed and decisions to deprescribe made on a case-by-case basis, considering both the risks and benefits of stopping these medications.