bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal acceptability of iron supplementation in young breastfed rural Gambian infants
Authors: Stelle Isabella , Bah Mamadou , Saidykhan Mariama , Verhoef Hans , Prentice Andrew M. , Cerami Carla , Silverio Sergio A. , Moore Sophie E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionA recent analysis of Gambian infants showed that plasma iron concentrations decline rapidly from birth to levels below the 95% reference range within 5 months of age. To address this issue, a clinical trial was initiated to assess the efficacy of early iron supplementation in breastfed infants under 6 months of age (‘Iron Babies’; NCT04751994). To understand if such an intervention is feasible for scaleup, the acceptability, through the lens of local stakeholders and mothers (as the primary caregiver), must be considered.MethodsAn embedded qualitative study, therefore, explored acceptability through focus group discussions with local stakeholders and interviews with mothers. Four focus group discussions with local stakeholders (n = 19) and individual interviews (n = 14) with mothers whose infants were enrolled in the clinical trial were conducted. Qualitative data were analysed with respect to an implementation acceptability framework using Template Analysis.ResultsFrom the focus group discussions, there was a general sense of enthusiasm for the intervention, but also a concern due to confusion around nutritional messaging. The intervention was acceptable to mothers with limited mention of side effects and enthusiasm for participating in clinical trials on iron supplementation. However, when looking at scaleup, there were mixed opinions on the practicality of daily supplementation, as well as concerns around costs. In addition, it was suggested that proper dissemination of information and inclusion of all family members in decision‐making, especially fathers, is key to acceptability.ConclusionThere was no indication that stakeholders or mothers were resistant to iron supplementation of breastfed infants.
Bioinspired Electrode for the Production and Timely Separation of Nitrile and Hydrogen
Authors: Jiao Junrong , Wang Xiaobing , Wei Chengyu , Zhao Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReplacing electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with amine oxidation reaction is adopted to boost clean and environment‐friendly energy source hydrogen (H2) in water. However, the electrocatalytic reaction is severely restricted by the strong adsorption of product on the catalyst surface. Inspired by the cooperation of flavin adenine dinucleotide and mitochondria membrane in biological system, the catalysis‐separation complex electrodes are introduced to promote the desorption of product and hinder its readsorption by applying polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐separation membrane on the one side of electrode, which is benefit for the cleanness of active sites on the catalyst surface for the continuous production and timely separation of nitrile and hydrogen. With the intermolecular force between PTFE and nitrile, the nitrile droplets can be quickly desorbed and separated from catalyst surface of anode, and the size of nitrile droplets on the catalyst surface is only 0.23% to that without PTFE. As a result, the current at 1.49 VRHE from the catalyst with PTFE membrane is about 33 times to that of catalyst without PTFE after long‐term operation. Moreover, the cathode with PTFE membrane also achieves the rapid desorption of H2 bubbles and stable cathodic current because of the strong absorption of PTFE to H2.
Ultrathin 2D Cerium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet That Boosts Selective Oxidation of Inert C(sp3)H Bond through Multiphoton Excitation
Authors: Ji Guanfeng , Zhao Liang , Tang Yang , Liu Songtao , Wang Yefei , He Cheng , Duan Chunying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of methodologies for inducing and tailoring activities of catalysts is an important issue in various catalysis. The ultrathin 2D monolayer metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets with more accessible active sites and faster diffusion obtained by exfoliating 3D layered MOFs are of great potential as heterogeneous catalysts, but the rational design and preparation of 3D layered MOFs remains a grand challenge. Herein, a novel weak electrostatic interaction strategy to construct a 3D layered cerium‐bearing MOF by coordinating chlorine‐capped cerium nodes and linear photoactive methyl viologen (MV+) organic linkers is used. Under multiphoton excitation, the MV+ ligands and CeCl chromophores are triggered consecutively to form the high activity chlorine radical (Cl•) for activation of inert C(sp3)H bond through a hydrogen atom transfer. Benefiting from framework confinement effects, synergistic effects of two active sites and/or flexibility of the ultrathin framework nanosheets with high surface utilization, the observed activities increase in the order CeCl3/MV+ < bulk 3D MOF crystals < 2D MOF nanosheets in photocatalysis. This work not only contributes a new strategy to construct 3D layered MOFs and their ultrathin nanosheets but also paves the way to use nanostructured MOFs to handle synergy of multiple molecular catalysts.
Development of organic redox‐active materials in aqueous flow batteries: Current strategies and future perspectives
Authors: Pan Mingguang , Shao Minhua , Jin Zhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAqueous redox flow batteries, by using redox‐active molecules dissolved in nonflammable water solutions as electrolytes, are a promising technology for grid‐scale energy storage. Organic redox‐active materials offer a new opportunity for the construction of advanced flow batteries due to their advantages of potentially low cost, extensive structural diversity, tunable electrochemical properties, and high natural abundance. In this review, we present the emergence and development of organic redox‐active materials for aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs), in particular, molecular engineering concepts and strategies of organic redox‐active molecules. The typical design strategies based on organic redox species for high‐capacity, high‐stability, and high‐voltage AORFBs are outlined and discussed. Molecular engineering of organic redox‐active molecules for high aqueous solubility, high chemical/electrochemical stability, and multiple electron numbers as well as satisfactory redox potential gap between the redox pair is essential to realizing high‐performance AORFBs. Beyond molecular engineering, the redox‐targeting strategy is an effective way to obtain high‐capacity AORFBs. We further discuss and analyze the redox reaction mechanisms of organic redox species based on a series of electrochemical and spectroscopic approaches, and succinctly summarize the capacity degradation mechanisms of AORFBs. Furthermore, the current challenges, opportunities, and future directions of organic redox‐active materials for AORFBs are presented in detail.
Retinal image‐based artificial intelligence in detecting and predicting kidney diseases: Current advances and future perspectives
Authors: Wen Jingyi , Liu Dong , Wu Qianni , Zhao Lanqin , Iao Wai Cheng , Lin Haotian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has reformed the healthcare system with its compelling capabilities of processing biomedical data for disease diagnosis, prediction, and individualized management. The eye, as a non‐invasive observation window for many systemic diseases, can be used to detect the signs of chronic kidney diseases, and other diseases like hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on specific manifestations of retinal images. Recent advances using AI technology have posed a great potential of using retinal images for rapid mass screening and prognosis prediction of kidney diseases. Herein, we outlined the key applications of AI in ophthalmology and the detection of systemic diseases based on retinal imaging, especially the current progress of retinal image‐based AI models for the detection and prediction of kidney diseases. We hope to shed light on the current opportunities and future challenges in this field to provide suggestions for further improvement and applications.
Matrix and tensor witnesses of hidden symmetry algebras
Authors: Ramgoolam Sanjaye , Sword Lewis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Permutation group algebras, and their generalizations called permutation centralizer algebras (PCAs), play a central role as hidden symmetries in the combinatorics of large N gauge theories and matrix models with manifest continuous gauge symmetries. Polynomial functions invariant under the manifest symmetries are the observables of interest and have applications in AdS/CFT. We compute such correlators in the presence of matrix or tensor witnesses, which by definition, can include a matrix or tensor field appearing as a coupling in the action (i.e a spurion) or as a classical (un-integrated) field in the observables, appearing alongside quantum (integrated) fields. In both matrix and tensor cases we find that two-point correlators of general gauge-invariant observables can be written in terms of gauge invariant functions of the witness fields, with coefficients given by structure constants of the associated PCAs. Fourier transformation on the relevant PCAs, relates combinatorial bases to representation theoretic bases. The representation theory basis elements obey orthogonality results for the two-point correlators which generalise known orthogonality relations to the case with witness fields. The new orthogonality equations involve two representation basis elements for observables as input and a representation basis observable constructed purely from witness fields as the output. These equations extend known equations in the super-integrability programme initiated by Mironov and Morozov, and are a direct physical realization of the Wedderburn-Artin decompositions of the hidden permutation centralizer algebras of matrix/tensor models.
HNL mass degeneracy: implications for low-scale seesaws, LNV at colliders and leptogenesis
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Enrique , Marcano Xabier , Naredo-Tuero Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Low-scale seesaw variants protected by lepton number symmetry provide a natural explanation of the smallness of neutrino masses but, unlike their higher-scale counterparts, with potentially testable phenomenology. The approximate lepton number symmetry arranges the heavy neutrinos in pseudo-Dirac pairs, which might be accessible at collider or even beam dump experiments if their mass is low enough and their mixing with the active neutrinos sufficiently large. Despite their pseudo-Dirac nature, their small mass splittings may lead to oscillations that prevent the cancellation of their potential lepton-number-violating signals. Interestingly, these small splittings may also resonantly enhance the production of a lepton number asymmetry for low-scale leptogenesis scenarios or, for extremely degenerate states, lead to an asymmetry large enough to resonantly produce a keV sterile neutrino dark matter candidate with the correct relic abundance via the Shi-Fuller mechanism. In this work we explore the parameter space of the different low-scale seesaw mechanisms and study the size of these splittings, given their important and interesting phenomenological consequences. While all low-scale seesaw variants share the same dimension 5 and 6 operators when integrating out the heavy states, we point out that the mass splitting of the pseudo-Dirac pairs are very different in different realizations such as the inverse or linear seesaw. This different phenomenology could offer a way to discriminate between low-scale seesaw realizations.
Pseudoscalar MSSM Higgs Production at NLO SUSY-QCD
Authors: Bagnaschi Emanuele , Fritz Lukas , Liebler Stefan , Mühlleitner Margarete , Nguyen Thanh Tien Dat , Spira Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the most important mechanisms at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the production of the pseudoscalar Higgs boson of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is the loop-induced gluon fusion process gg → A. The higher-order QCD corrections have been obtained a long time ago and turned out to be large. However, the genuine supersymmetric (SUSY–)QCD corrections have been obtained only in the limit of large SUSY particle masses so far. We describe our calculation of the next-to-leading-order (NLO) SUSY-QCD results with full mass dependence and present numerical results for a few representative benchmark points. We also address the treatment of the effective top and bottom Yukawa couplings, in the case of heavy SUSY particles, in terms of effective low-energy theories where the heavy degrees of freedom have been decoupled. Furthermore, we include a discussion of the relation between the SUSY-QCD corrections that we have computed and the Adler-Bardeen theorem for the axial anomaly. In addition, we apply our results to the gluonic and photonic pseudoscalar Higgs decays A → gg, γγ at NLO.
On the Stability of Solitons for the Maxwell-Lorentz Equations with Rotating Particle
Authors: Komech A. I. , Kopylova E. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe prove the stability of solitons of the Maxwell–Lorentz equations with extended charged rotating particle. The solitons are solutions which correspond to the uniform rotation of the particle. To prove the stability, we construct the Hamilton–Poisson representation of the Maxwell–Lorentz system. The construction relies on the Hamilton least action principle. The constructed structure is degenerate and admits a functional family of the Casimir invariants. This structure allows us to construct the Lyapunov function corresponding to a soliton. The function is a combination of the Hamiltonian with a suitable Casimir invariant. The function is conserved, and the soliton is its critical point. The key point of the proof is a lower bound for the Lyapunov function. This bound implies that the soliton is a strict local minimizer of the function. The bound holds if the effective moment of inertia of the particle in the Maxwell field is sufficiently large with respect to the “bar moment of inertia".
Adult-type and Pediatric-type Diffuse Gliomas
Authors: Nafe Reinhold , Porto Luciana , Samp Patrick-Felix , You Se-Jong , Hattingen Elke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe classification of diffuse gliomas into the adult type and the pediatric type is the new basis for the diagnosis and clinical evaluation. The knowledge for the neuroradiologist should not remain limited to radiological aspects but should be based additionally on the current edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). This classification defines the 11 entities of diffuse gliomas, which are included in the 3 large groups of adult-type diffuse gliomas, pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas, and pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas. This article provides a detailed overview of important molecular, morphological, and clinical aspects for all 11 entities, such as typical genetic alterations, age distribution, variability of the tumor localization, variability of histopathological and radiological findings within each entity, as well as currently available statistical information on prognosis and outcome. Important differential diagnoses are also discussed.
Soll die asymptomatische Bakteriurie bei Immunsupprimierten antibiotisch therapiert werden?
Authors: Stangl Fabian P. , Godly Julia , Kranz Jennifer , Neumann Thomas , Schneidewind Laila 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Antimikrobielle Resistenzentwicklung (AMR) stellt selbst in Europa ein essentielles Problem dar. Dies gilt insbesondere für multiresistente Escherichia-coli-Stämme, daher sollte inadäquater Antibiotikaeinsatz, insbesondere bei der asymptomatischen Bakteriurie (ASB), vermieden werden.

Fragestellung
Soll die ASB bei immunsupprimierten Patienten, namentlich in der soliden Organtransplantation und insbesondere der Nierentransplantation sowie in der Stammzelltransplantation, antibiotisch therapiert werden?

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine Evidenzanalyse mittels Literaturrecherche in MEDLINE im Zeitraum 1980 bis 2022 durchgeführt. Für die Evidenzsynthese wurden lediglich RCT („randomized controlled trials“) sowie Quasi-RCT berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse
Für den Suchbegriff solide Organtransplantation und die Stammzelltransplantation konnten keine Studien identifiziert werden. Hinsichtlich der Nierentransplantation wurden drei RCT (antibiotische Therapie vs. keine Therapie) mit adulten Patienten eingeschlossen. Keine Studie zeigte einen Benefit für die antibiotische Therapie der ASB zur Vermeidung von Harnwegsinfektionen, insbesondere in der späten Transplantationsphase 2 Monate nach Transplantation. Allerdings kann die Therapie zur AMR-Entwicklung beitragen. Zusätzlich gibt es zahlreiche Evidenzlücken, z. B. bzgl. der pädiatrischen Transplantation oder zum Einfluss der Art der Immunsuppression.

Schlussfolgerung
Es gibt keine Evidenz für die antibiotische Therapie der ASB in der adulten Nierentransplantation 2 Monate nach Transplantation. Doch weitere Studien hinsichtlich der aufgedeckten Evidenzlücken sind essentiell zur Vermeidung der weiteren AMR-Entwicklung.
Snow Microorganisms Colonise Arctic Soils Following Snow Melt
Authors: Malard Lucie A. , Bergk-Pinto Benoit , Layton Rose , Vogel Timothy M. , Larose Catherine , Pearce David A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Arctic soils are constantly subjected to microbial invasion from either airborne, marine, or animal sources, which may impact local microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. However, in winter, Arctic soils are isolated from outside sources other than snow, which is the sole source of microorganisms. Successful colonisation of soil by snow microorganisms depends on the ability to survive and compete of both, the invading and resident community. Using shallow shotgun metagenome sequencing and amplicon sequencing, this study monitored snow and soil microbial communities throughout snow melt to investigate the colonisation process of Arctic soils. Microbial colonisation likely occurred as all the characteristics of successful colonisation were observed. The colonising microorganisms originating from the snow were already adapted to the local environmental conditions and were subsequently subjected to many similar conditions in the Arctic soil. Furthermore, competition-related genes (e.g. motility and virulence) increased in snow samples as the snow melted. Overall, one hundred potentially successful colonisers were identified in the soil and, thus, demonstrated the deposition and growth of snow microorganisms in soils during melt.
Establishment of a novel NFAT-GFP reporter platform useful for the functional avidity maturation of HLA class II-restricted TCRs
Authors: Fujiki Fumihiro , Morimoto Soyoko , Nishida Yuya , Tanii Satoe , Aoyama Nao , Inatome Miki , Inoue Kento , Katsuhara Akiko , Nakajima Hiroko , Nakata Jun , Nishida Sumiyuki , Tsuboi Akihiro , Oka Yoshihiro , Oji Yusuke , Sogo Shinji , Sugiyama Haruo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCD4+ T cells that recognize antigenic peptides presented on HLA class II are essential for inducing an optimal anti-tumor immune response, and adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific TCR-transduced CD4+ T cells with high responsiveness against tumor is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Whereas a precise evaluation method of functional avidity, an indicator of T cell responsiveness against tumors, has been established for HLA class I-restricted TCRs, it remains unestablished for HLA class II-restricted TCRs. In this study, we generated a novel platform cell line, CD4-2D3, in which GFP reporter was expressed by NFAT activation via TCR signaling, for correctly evaluating functional avidity of HLA class II-restricted TCRs. Furthermore, using this platform cell line, we succeeded in maturating functional avidity of an HLA class II-restricted TCR specific for a WT1-derived helper peptide by substituting amino acids in complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCR. Importantly, we demonstrated that transduction of an avidity-maturated TCR conferred strong cytotoxicity against WT1-expressing leukemia cells on CD4+ T cells, compared to that of its original TCR. Thus, CD4-2D3 cell line should be useful not only to evaluate TCR functional avidity in HLA class II-restricted TCRs but also to screen appropriate TCRs for clinical applications such as cancer immunotherapy.
GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms associated with pain in a chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy cohort
Authors: Dunn Paul J. , Griffiths Lyn R. , Yates Patsy , Haupt Larisa M. , Alexander Kim E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating condition that is a direct consequence of receiving cancer treatment. The molecular aetiology of CIPN is not well understood, and it is theorised that there may be a genetic component. Genetic polymorphisms in Glutathione-S Transferase (GST) genes, including GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1, encode for enzymes known to metabolise drugs used in chemotherapy, and have been theorised to be associated with CIPN. This study aimed to investigate four markers in these genes for an association in a mixed cancer cohort in relation to CIPN (n = 172).

Methods
CIPN was measured using the neuropathy item from the Patient Reported Outcome Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (PRO-CTCAE) assessment. Genotyping for all samples was performed using PCR for the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null variants and restriction fragment length polymorphisms for the GSTP1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms.

Results
No associations were found for the GST gene markers in relation to CIPN within our study, or CIPN severity. Longitudinal stratification of the CIPN phenotypes to examine links for neuropathy, identified nominally significant protective associations with the GSTM* null allele (p-value = 0.038, OR = 0.55) and the presence of pain at month 2 of treatment, as well as a risk factor for pain related month 2 of treatment for individuals with the GSTT1*null allele (p-value = 0.030, OR = 1.64). Higher severity of pain in patients with CIPN persisted at each time-point compared to those without CIPN.

Conclusion
No significant results for an association between CIPN with polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 were identified. However, associations for the GSTM1¬-null and GSTT1-null polymorphisms with pain at month 2 following chemotherapy were identified.
Experimental Validation of a Structure-Borne Sound Model of a Direct Drive Wind Turbine Generator
Authors: Decker Thomas , Cardaun Martin , Mülder Christoph , Duda Tobias , Bosse Dennis , Jacobs Georg , Büschel Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper the methodology and results of the validation of a multi-physical system model of a direct drive wind turbine are presented. The analyzed model serves the purpose of examining the structure borne sound resulting from electromagnetic excitations inside the turbine’s generator. To study the accuracy of this model and to increase the confidence in the simulation results, an experimental validation is performed in the course of this work. Hereby, the simulation results are compared with data from a measurement campaign in which the real generator was tested on a full-scale system test bench. The validation takes the structure-borne sound transfer, modal behavior of the generator and effects of structural dynamics into account.