bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of empagliflozin on measured glomerular filtration rate and estimated extracellular and plasma volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jürgens Mikkel , Schou Morten , Hasbak Philip , Kjær Andreas , Wolsk Emil , Zerahn Bo , Brandt‐Jacobsen Niels H. , Gæde Peter , Rossing Peter , Faber Jens , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Gustafsson Finn , Kistorp Caroline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the effects of empagliflozin on measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR), estimated plasma volume (PV) and estimated extracellular volume (ECV) in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high risk of cardiovascular events.Materials and MethodsIn this prespecified substudy of the randomized, placebo‐controlled SIMPLE trial, patients with T2D at high risk of cardiovascular events were allocated to either empagliflozin 25 mg or placebo once daily for 13 weeks. The prespecified outcome was between‐group change in mGFR, measured by the 51Cr‐EDTA method after 13 weeks; changes in estimated PV and estimated ECV were included.ResultsFrom April 4, 2017 to May 11, 2020, 91 participants were randomized. Of these, 45 patients from the empagliflozin group and 45 patients from the placebo group were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. Treatment with empagliflozin reduced mGFR by −7.9 mL/min (95% confidence interval [CI] −11.1 to −4.7; P < 0.001), estimated ECV by −192.5 mL (95% CI −318.0 to −66.9; P = 0.003) and estimated PV by −128.9 mL (95% CI −218.0 to 39.8; P = 0.005) at Week 13.ConclusionsTreatment with empagliflozin for 13 weeks reduced mGFR, estimated ECV and estimated PV in patients with T2D and high risk of cardiovascular events.
Advanced echocardiography techniques (AETs) to assess left atrial structure and function in individuals with resistant hypertension
Authors: Souza Jonathan Batista , Sousa Márcio Gonçalves , Laurinavicius Antonio Gabriele , Hygídio Daniel de Andrade , Vilela Andrea de Andrade , Colombo Fernanda Consolim , Assef Jorge Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsResistant hypertension (RH) is a challenging phenotype within the hypertension (HTN) spectrum, requiring careful assessment and follow‐up. Evaluation of left atrial function may be clinically informative, but is usually neglected. Advanced Echocardiography Techniques (AETs), such as Strain Analysis and three‐dimensional echocardiography (3D ECHO) may be useful complementary tools to assess atrial function in patients with RH.Methods and ResultsNinety‐six eligible adult patients were categorized into three groups: resistant hypertensive (RH), controlled hypertensive (CH), and normotensive (N), and underwent AETs to identify morphofunctional changes in the left atrium (LA) across different HTN phenotypes. The LA reservoir strain was significantly lower among RH than in N and CH patients (p < .001). Accordingly, LA conduit strain showed a gradient through the groups: higher among N, followed by CH and RH patients (p = .015). LA contraction strain was higher among CH than in N and RH patients (p = .02). Maximum indexed, pre‐A, and minimum atrial volumes obtained by 3D ECHO showed differences between N and the others (p < .001), but not between CH and RH. N patients showed a higher fraction of passive emptying of the LA than the others (p = .02), with no difference between CH and RH. Total emptying of the LA only differed between N and RH patients, while active emptying of the LA showed no difference between the groups (p = .82).ConclusionThe left atrium may present early functional changes in response to HTN, which are detectable by AETs. AETs, especially S‐LA, allowed to identify markers of atrial myocardial damage in both RH and CH patients.
External stenting for saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Huiru , Wang Zilan , Si Ke , Wu Xiaoxiao , Ni Hanyu , Tang Yanbing , Liu Wei , Wang Zhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesAutologous saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) are the most commonly used bypass conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with multivessel coronary artery disease. Although external support devices for SVGs have shown promising outcomes, the overall efficacy and safety remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate external stenting for SVGs in CABG versus non‐stented SVGs.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrails.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate external‐stented SVGs versus non‐stented SVGs in CABG up to 31 August 2022. The risk ratio and mean difference with 95% confidence interval were analysed. The primary efficacy outcomes included intimal hyperplasia area and thickness. The secondary efficacy outcomes were graft failure (≥50% stenosis) and lumen diameter uniformity.ResultsWe pooled 438 patients from three RCTs. The external stented SVGs group showed significant reductions in intimal hyperplasia area (MD: −0.78, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%) and thickness (MD: −0.06, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%) compared to the non‐stented SVGs group. Meanwhile, external support devices improved lumen uniformity with Fitzgibbon I classification (risk ratio (RR):1.1595, p = 0.05, I2 = 0%). SVG failure rates were not increased in the external stented SVGs group during the short follow‐up period (RR: 1.14, p = 0.38, I2 = 0%). Furthermore, the incidences of mortality and major cardiac and cerebrovascular events were consistent with previous reports.ConclusionsExternal support devices for SVGs significantly reduced the intimal hyperplasia area and thickness, and improved the lumen uniformity, assessed with the Fitzgibbon I classification. Meanwhile, they did not increase the overall SVG failure rate.
Reliability prediction of high‐cycle fatigue behavior of parts treated by laser shock peening
Authors: Frija Mounir , Ayeb Manel , Seddik Raoudha , Fathallah Raouf 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a global approach to predict the reliability of the high‐cycle fatigue behavior of mechanical components treated by laser shock peening (LSP). Most works that exist in the literature have introduced experimental and numerical studies. The originality of our investigation is to predict and validate the reliability of high‐cycle fatigue of the workpieces treated by LSP treatment by using the modified Crossland criterion. Based on previous works made by our team that shows the finite element simulation of the LSP process, this approach will be based on the integration of probabilistic fatigue criteria adapted to the superficially treated parts using ABAQUS software. After the validation of this approach, it will allow design engineers to optimize the operating conditions of the LSP process.
Comparative experimental evolution reveals species‐specific idiosyncrasies in marine phytoplankton adaptation to warming
Authors: Barton Samuel , Padfield Daniel , Masterson Abigail , Buckling Angus , Smirnoff Nicholas , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA number of experimental studies have demonstrated that phytoplankton can display rapid thermal adaptation in response to warmed environments. While these studies provide insight into the evolutionary responses of single species, they tend to employ different experimental techniques. Consequently, our ability to compare the potential for thermal adaptation across different, ecologically relevant, species remains limited. Here, we address this limitation by conducting simultaneous long‐term warming experiments with the same experimental design on clonal isolates of three phylogenetically diverse species of marine phytoplankton; the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp., the prasinophyte Ostreococcus tauri and the diatom Phaeodoactylum tricornutum. Over the same experimental time period, we observed differing levels of thermal adaptation in response to stressful supra‐optimal temperatures. Synechococcus sp. displayed the greatest improvement in fitness (i.e., growth rate) and thermal tolerance (i.e., temperature limits of growth). Ostreococcus tauri was able to improve fitness and thermal tolerance, but to a lesser extent. Finally, Phaeodoactylum tricornutum showed no signs of adaptation. These findings could help us understand how the structure of phytoplankton communities may change in response to warming, and possible biogeochemical implications, as some species show relatively more rapid adaptive shifts in their thermal tolerance.
At the intersection of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and business management in Canadian higher education: An intentional equity, diversity, and inclusion framework
Authors: Ruel Stefanie , Tajmel Tanja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, the authors address the persistent discrimination cis women face in the Canadian science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) higher education context. Pulling on the notion of interrelationships that cross educational faculty boundaries and on intersectionality scholarship to unsettle the structural and disciplinary domains of power, the authors ask, “How can business education and STEM education work together with respect to social considerations, such as gender/race/ethnicity/etc., and social equity and inclusivity, within the Canadian higher education system?” This study aims to build on these interrelationships among diverse, complex individuals who participated in a graduate‐level STEM and business management summer institute to provide an evidence‐based and intentional equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) framework for STEM higher education contexts. Using a mixed‐methods approach, which saw data collection via a survey instrument and semi‐structured interviews, the subsequent quantitative analysis points to expanding interrelationships to broader areas beyond STEM and business management programs. The close reading of the collected qualitative data, via antenarrative spirals, elevates the participants' complexities beyond focusing “just” on their intersecting identities to looking at their perceptions of STEM fields, the order that ensues and the potential for the undoing of that order. The findings, results, and analyses of these collected data led to an intentional EDI framework, the main contribution of this study, constructed into three main pillars represented by the figure of a tree: the foundational elements (roots) built on individuals' complexities and experiences of Othering, the interrelationships (trunk) possible across various educational and professional dimensions, and a call to structural change initiatives (branches) with the possibility for growth in other areas. This work then contributes to not only filling a significant literature gap and building awareness regarding EDI concerns in STEM contexts via active interrelationship‐building activities but also to unsettling the structural and disciplinary domains of power by embracing a holistic strategy to address systemic discriminatory practices in the Canadian STEM higher education context.
Family caregiver roles and challenges in assisting patients with cancer treatment decision‐making: Analysis of data from a national survey
Authors: Dionne‐Odom James N. , Kent Erin E. , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Azuero Andres , Harrell Erin R. , Gazaway Shena , Reed Rhiannon D. , Bratches Reed W. , Bechthold Avery C. , Lee Kyungmi , Puga Frank , Miller‐Sonet Ellen , Ornstein Katherine A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to describe the roles and challenges of family caregivers involved in patients' cancer treatment decision‐making.MethodsFamily caregiver‐reported data were analyzed from a national survey conducted in the United States by CancerCare® (2/2021–7/2021). Four select‐all‐that‐apply caregiver roles were explored: (1) observer (patient as primary decision‐maker); (2) primary decision‐maker; (3) shared decision‐maker with patient and (4) decision delegated to healthcare team. Roles were compared across five treatment decisions: where to get treatment, the treatment plan, second opinions, beginning treatment and stopping treatment. Ten challenges faced by caregivers (e.g., information, cost, treatment understanding) were then examined. χ2 and regression analyses were used to assess associations between roles, decision areas, challenges and caregiver sociodemographics.ResultsOf 2703 caregiver respondents, 87.6% reported involvement in patient decisions about cancer treatment, including 1661 who responded to a subsection further detailing their roles and challenges with specific treatment decisions. Amongst these 1661 caregivers, 22.2% reported an observing role, 21.3% a primary decision‐making role, 53.9% a shared decision‐making role and 18.1% a role delegating decisions to the healthcare team. Most caregivers (60.4%) faced ≥1 challenge, the most frequent being not knowing how treatments would affect the patient's physical condition (24.8%) and quality of life (23.2%). In multivariable models, being Hispanic/Latino/a was the strongest predictor of facing at least one challenge (b = −0.581, Wald = 10.69, p < .01).ConclusionsMost caregivers were involved in patients' cancer treatment decisions. The major challenge was not understanding how treatments would impact patients' physical health and quality of life. Challenges may be more commonly faced by Hispanic/Latino/a caregivers.Patient or Public ContributionThe CancerCare® survey was developed in partnership with caregiving services and research experts to describe the role of cancer family caregivers in patient decision‐making and assess their needs for support. All survey items were reviewed by a CancerCare advisory board that included five professional patient advocates and piloted by a CancerCare social worker and other staff who provide counselling to cancer caregivers.
Non‐classical monocytes frequency and serum vitamin D3 levels are linked to diabetic foot ulcer associated with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Hammad Reham , Abdel Wahab Maisa A , Farouk Nehal , Zakaria Mohamed Yahia , Eldosoky Mona A , Elmadbouly Asmaa A , Tahoun Sara A , Mahmoud Eman , Khirala Seham K , Mohammed Amena Rezk , Emam Wafaa Abdelaziz , Abo Elqasem Asmaa A , Kotb Fatma M , Abd Elghany Rasha Abd Elaziz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionPeripheral artery disease (PAD) serves as a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). PAD pathology involves atherosclerosis and impaired immunity. Non‐classical monocytes are believed to have an anti‐inflammatory role. 1,25‐Dihydroxy vitamin D (vitamin D3) is claimed to have immune‐modulating and lipid‐regulating roles. Vitamin D receptor is expressed on monocytes. We aimed to investigate if circulating non‐classical monocytes and vitamin D3 were implicated in DFUs associated with PAD.Materials and MethodsThere were two groups of DFU patients: group 1 (n = 40) included patients with first‐degree DFUs not associated with PAD, and group 2 (n = 50) included patients with DFU with PAD. The monocyte phenotypes were detected using flow cytometry. Vitamin D3 was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsDFU patients with PAD showed a significant reduction in the frequency of non‐classical monocytes and vitamin D3 levels, when compared with DFU patients without PAD. The percentage of non‐classical monocytes positively correlated with vitamin D3 level (r = 0.4, P < 0.01) and high‐density lipoprotein (r = 0.5, P < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with cholesterol (r = −0.5, P < 0.001). Vitamin D3 was negatively correlated with triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein (r = −0.4, P < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that a high vitamin D3 serum level was a protective factor against PAD occurrence.ConclusionsNon‐classical monocytes frequency and vitamin D3 levels were significantly reduced in DFU patients with PAD. Non‐classical monocytes frequency was associated with vitamin D3 in DFUs patients, and both parameters were linked to lipid profile. Vitamin D3 upregulation was a risk‐reducing factor for PAD occurrence.
Impacts of red clover and sainfoin silages on the performance, nutrient utilization and milk fatty acids profile of ruminants: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Irawan Agung , Jayanegara Anuraga , Niderkorn Vincent 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInclusion of plants rich in secondary metabolites into grass ensiling offers multiple benefits for ruminants, from improving productive performance to health‐promoting effects as well as helping to reduce environment pollution. The present meta‐analysis summarizes the dietary inclusion levels of red clover silage (RCS) and sainfoin silages (SS) as well as the types of silages fed to dairy cows and small ruminants. A total of 37 in vivo studies (26 articles in dairy cows and 11 articles in small ruminants) were aggregated after being strictly selected using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A mixed model methodology was used to examine our objectives. This method declares the subject 'study' as random effects and 'inclusion level' as fixed effects. Results indicated that RCS proportion was not associated with nutrient digestibility except for a quadratic effect (p < 0.05) on neutral detergent fibre digestibility. Higher RCS inclusion linearly increased (p < 0.05) nitrogen (N) intake but had no effect on dairy cows' production. Increasing RCS proportion altered milk fatty acid profile where the concentration of conjugated linolenic acid (CLA), C18:3 α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and C18:0 linearly increased (p < 0.01). In small ruminants, SS proportion had no relationship with nutrient digestibility, N metabolism and growth performance (p > 0.05). However, a combination of dietary RCS + SS resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) CLA and ALA concentration in cow milk and average daily gain (ADG) in small ruminants compared to diets composed from either grass silage or alfalfa silage. Altogether, this meta‐analysis highlights the synergistic effects of a combination of SS + RCS inclusion in improving milk fatty acids (FA) profile of dairy cows and ADG of small ruminants.
An Experimental Comparison of Two Emotion‐Induction Methods and the Role of Emotion in Applying Decision Rules
Authors: Pathak Smriti , Srivastava Kailash BL , Dewangan Roshan Lal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVery little attention has been given to the influence of emotions on the application of decision rules (DRs). Research in decision‐making has largely pointed out the benefits of positive emotions; however, very few studies have compared emotion‐induction methods (EIMs) for their efficacy, which makes it difficult to choose a relatively better method among them for a particular purpose. We aim to study the effectiveness and comparison of two EIMs, autobiographical recollection and feedback methods, on the elicitation of positive and negative emotions in an experimental environment to see the influence of positive and negative emotions on the application of DRs and to see whether EIMs have any influence on the application of DRs. Three hundred and twenty‐four students were randomly divided in equal numbers to one of the EIMs with the intention to elicit either positive or negative emotion. The Positive Affectivity and Negative Affectivity Schedule was administered before and after EIMs. Subsequently, complete data from 300 students were analyzed. Analysis of variance results suggest both EIMs were effective in emotion induction and the negative emotional state was related to applying decision rules in problem‐solving tasks.
Optimizing the dosing of vancomycin in patients receiving intermittent haemodialysis with low‐flux filters, and the potential impact of dosing software
Authors: Stefani Maurizio , Musgrave Kirsty , Sevastos Jacob , Penny Mark , Day Richard O. , Roberts Darren M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimIterative approaches to vancomycin dosing (e.g., dosing when trough concentrations <15–20 mg/L) can be inadequate. Computer‐guided dosing may be superior but has not been evaluated in patients with kidney failure receiving replacement therapy. We evaluated vancomycin concentrations using a hospital protocol and a pharmacokinetic software. We measured vancomycin clearance by the FX8 low‐flux filter because data are absent.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of adults with kidney failure requiring replacement therapy receiving vancomycin and dialysed with the FX8 low‐flux filter, and calculated the proportion of pre‐dialysis concentrations that were within, above or below a specified range. One and two‐compartment models in the pharmacokinetic software were assessed by computing mean prediction error (MPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of observed versus predicted concentrations. Vancomycin extracorporeal clearance was prospectively determined using the extraction method.ResultsIn 24 patients (34 courses; 139 paired observed and predicted concentrations), 62/139 (45%) pre‐dialysis concentrations were 15–25 mg/L, 29/139 (21%) were above, and 48/139 (35%) were below. MPE for the one‐compartment model was −0.2 mg/L, RMSE 5.3 mg/L. MPE for the two‐compartment model was 2.0 mg/L, RMSE 5.6 mg/L. Excluding the first paired concentrations, the subsequent MPE (n = 105) using one‐compartment model was −0.5 mg/L, RMSE 5.6 mg/L. The MPE for the two‐compartment model was 2.1 mg/L, RMSE 5.8 mg/L. The median extracorporeal clearance was 70.7 mL/min (range: 10.3–130.3; n = 22).ConclusionsVancomycin dosing was suboptimal and the pharmacokinetic software was not sufficiently predictive. These may improve with a loading dose. The substantial removal of vancomycin by low‐flux filters is not accounted for by the models tested.
Prevalence and risk factors of the use of physical restraint and impact of a decision support tool: A before‐and‐after study
Authors: Dauvergne Jérôme E. , Ferey Kim , Croizard Véronique , Chauvin Morgan , Mainguy Nolwenn , Mathelier Noeline , Jehanno Anaëlle , Maugars Nadège , Badre Gaëtan , Maze Françoise , Chartier Marie , Vastral Servane , Epain Graziella , Baudiniere Lucie , Ronceray Mathilde , Lebidan Mathias , Flattres Delphine , Ambrosi Xavier ,   for the ATLANREA Group
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhysical restraint is frequently used in intensive care units to prevent patients' life‐threatening removal of indwelling devices. In France, their use is poorly studied. Therefore, to evaluate the need for physical restraint, we have designed and implemented a decision support tool.AimsBesides describing the prevalence of physical restraint use, this study aimed to assess whether the implementation of a nursing decision support tool had an impact on restraint use and to identify the factors associated with this use.Study DesignA large observational, multicentre study with a repeated one‐day point prevalence design was conducted. All adult patients hospitalized in intensive care units were eligible for this study. Two study periods were planned: before (control period) and after (intervention period) the deployment of the decision support tool and staff training. A multilevel model was performed to consider the centre effect.ResultsDuring the control period, 786 patients were included, and 510 were in the intervention period. The prevalence of physical restraint was 28% (95% CI: 25.1%–31.4%) and 25% (95% CI: 21.5%–29.1%) respectively (χ2 = 1.35; p = .24). Restraint was applied by the nurse and/or nurse assistant in 96% of cases in both periods, mainly to wrists (89% vs. 83%, p = .14). The patient‐to‐nurse ratio was significantly lower in the intervention period (1:3.0 ± 1 vs. 1:2.7 ± 0.7, p < .001). In multivariable analysis, mechanical ventilation was associated with physical restraint (aOR [95% CI] = 6.0 [3.5–10.2]).ConclusionThe prevalence of physical restraint use in France was lower than expected. In our study, the decision support tool did not substantially impact physical restraint use. Hence, the decision support tool would deserve to be assessed in a randomized controlled trial.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe decision to physically restrain a patient could be protocolised and managed by critical care nurses. A regular evaluation of the level of sedation could allow the most deeply sedated patients to be exempted from physical restraint.