bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A281 GASTROPARESIS AND FUNCTIONAL GASTROPARESIS IN YOUNG CANADIAN WOMEN: A DETAILED PRACTICE REVIEW IN LONDON, ONTARIO
Authors: Han Y , McIntosh K S , Rahman A N 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Gastroparesis is a chronic clinical syndrome characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. This condition is heterogenous in its severity and the resulting impact on individuals who experience this diagnosis. Patients with severe gastroparesis symptoms can require extensive pharmacologic and nutritional therapies.

Purpose
We hope to identify young women (age&lt;50) experiencing gastroparesis in local gastroenterology clinics to describe a group of patients requiring extensive therapeutic support suggestive of a severe subset of this condition.

Method
Mutual patients with a diagnosis of gastroparesis between a London motility clinic and nutrition clinic were identified. Key patient characteristics including current age, age at diagnosis, current BMI, gastric emptying scan results, the number of prokinetic/anti-constipation/anti-emetic medications ever used, the presence of opioid use, the use of outpatient IV access/IV fluids, the placement of a feeding tube, and the use of total parental nutrition were recorded through a retrospective chart review. Descriptive analyses were performed on the recorded data.

Result(s)
A total of 26 patient charts were reviewed and 11 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. The mean age was 32.7y, the mean age at gastroparesis diagnosis was 28.5y, and the mean body mass index was 22.9kg/m2. Eighty-two percent of these patients have had a gastric emptying scan to confirm their diagnosis, and 36% of them have experienced multiple scans. The mean gastric emptying half-time was 231 minutes and the mean retained gastric content at 4 hours post-ingestion was 39.5%. The mean number of motility medications ever used was 2.2, the mean number of anti-constipation medications ever used was 2.1, and the mean number of anti-emetic medications ever used was 1.5. Fifty-five percent were prescribed opioid medications. The majority of patients identified required advanced nutritional strategies including 45% requiring outpatient IV access and IV fluid hydration, 55% ever using TPN, and 73% ever using a feeding tube.

Conclusion(s)
We are encountering an increasing number of gastroparesis patients who require intensive therapy and resource allocation. These patients outline the need for further health resources and integration of care from practitioners across multiple disciplines for optimal management.

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Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
A289 EXPLORING THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF ADULT USING HOME ENTERAL NUTRITION AND THEIR CAREGIVERS: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Sandhu R , Elliott T , Engbers J , Edwards T , Hussain W , Johnson C , Pawliw T , Kassam R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Home enteral nutrition allows individuals to receive food and water through a tube at home when they are unable to meet their needs by mouth. To date, systematic literature reviews to date have focused on specific insertion methods, coordinated community care models, and prophylactic vs. reactive use. Few qualitative systematic reviews exist and those that do have only explored the lived experiences of sub-populations of adults using home enteral nutrition, such as those with head and neck cancers. Given healthcare services often serve adult home enteral nutrition populations with various underlying conditions, a synthesis describing the lived experiences of all adult using home enteral nutrition and caregivers is needed.

Purpose
To conduct a meta-aggregation systematic review to evaluate lived experiences of home enteral nutrition in adult users and their caregivers.

Method
A systematic search of Medline, PsychINFO, EmBase and CINAHL was conducted September 2021. Only studies with a full-text and published in English were included. Study quality was assessed using the Johanna Briggs Institute meta-aggregation methodology. Details of the study design, participants, and experiences were recorded, and themes across all studies collatedCollated themes were reviewed with a team of healthcare providers, home enteral nutrition users and a caregiver to ensure trustworthiness.

Result(s)
A total of 38 studies representing 702 participants were included. Using the meta-aggregative approach, three different synthesized findings were identified: (1) positive experiences, (2) negative experiences, and (3) facilitators and coping mechanisms. While, overall, the findings reported more negative experiences than positive experiences, users and caregivers who had developed coping mechanisms or had access to supportive services tended to share more positive experiences with home enteral nutrition. In contrast, those with few to no supports or coping mechanisms reported greater dissatisfaction and negative experiences.

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Conclusion(s)
Home enteral nutrition impacts the lived experience of users and their caregivers. While more negative than positive experiences were reported by adults and their caregivers using home enteral nutrition, overall, they still view home enteral nutrition as a positive intervention if they are adequate supported or developed adequate coping mechanisms. It is imperative that healthcare providers working with adults using home enteral nutrition explore and understand their patients’ and caregivers’ needs, in order to ensure community programs are designed to provide the necessary supports to maximize users experiences.

Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below
None

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
PANCREATIC DISORDERS
Resistance to Diatraea (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) stem borers in sugarcane is independent of species
Authors: Echeverri-Rubiano Claudia , Chica-Ramírez Héctor Alberto , García-Dávila Mario Augusto , Vargas Germán 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Evaluation of host-plant resistance on sugarcane to the sugarcane stem borers of Diatraea spp. is normally conducted in Colombia under field conditions, where environmental variations make the study of the insect–plant relationships difficult. Additionally, several species (i.e., D. saccharalis, D. indigenella, D. tabernella, and D. busckella), which are predominant in Colombia, can overlap in their distribution, raising the question of whether different varieties have the same responses to different pest species. The present study conducted evaluations of host-plant resistance under screen house conditions using two contrasting varieties (CC 93-3895, resistant, and CC 93-3826, susceptible) that were infested with the above-mentioned borer species. Observations of pest injury were conducted on internodes, leaves, and spindles. Survival and size (body mass) of the individuals recovered were analyzed and a Damage Survival Ratio (DSR) was proposed. The resistant CC 93-3895 exhibited less stalk injury, less emergence holes on internodes, and lower DSR; additionally, recovery of pest individuals was lower in comparison with CC 93-3826, independent of the borer species. Insect–plant interactions are discussed, as no previous information was available for three of the species tested (i.e., D. tabernella, D. indigenella, and D. busckella). This screen house protocol is proposed to characterize host-plant resistance among several cultivars from the Colombian sugarcane germplasm bank, using CC 93-3826 and CC 93-3895 as contrasting controls and D. saccharalis as the species model.
Jasmonate signaling controls negative and positive effectors of salt stress tolerance in rice
Authors: Ndecky Simon , Nguyen Trang Hieu , Eiche Elisabeth , Cognat Valérie , Pflieger David , Pawar Nitin , Betting Ferdinand , Saha Somidh , Champion Antony , Riemann Michael , Heitz Thierry 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plant responses to salt exposure involve large reconfigurations of hormonal pathways that orchestrate physiological changes towards tolerance. Jasmonate (JA) hormones are essential to withstand biotic and abiotic assaults, but their roles in salt tolerance remain unclear. Here we describe the dynamics of JA metabolism and signaling in root and leaf tissue of rice, a plant species that is highly exposed and sensitive to salt. Roots activate the JA pathway in an early pulse, while the second leaf displays a biphasic JA response with peaks at 1 h and 3 d post-exposure. Based on higher salt tolerance of a rice JA-deficient mutant (aoc), we examined, through kinetic transcriptome and physiological analysis, the salt-triggered processes that are under JA control. Profound genotype-differential features emerged that could underlie the observed phenotypes. Abscisic acid (ABA) content and ABA-dependent water deprivation responses were impaired in aoc shoots. Moreover, aoc accumulated more Na+ in roots, and less in leaves, with reduced ion translocation correlating with root derepression of the HAK4 Na+ transporter gene. Distinct reactive oxygen species scavengers were also stronger in aoc leaves, along with reduced senescence and chlorophyll catabolism markers. Collectively, our results identify contrasted contributions of JA signaling to different sectors of the salt stress response in rice.
Cupuassu juice fermentation byLactiplantibacillus plantarumLp62 produces an antioxidant enriched probiotic beverage
Authors: da Silva Lucas Alvarenga , de Vasconcelos Bianca Silva , Moreira Débora Kono Taketa , Rezende Rachel Passos , Romano Carla Cristina , dos Santos Thalis Ferreira 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present work aimed to produce a cupuassu juice (Theobroma grandiflorum) fermented by the probiotic bacterium Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp62 and to analyze its antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity, and resistance to biological barriers. The fermented beverage showed an increase in the content of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant potential. The culture showed antagonistic activity against pathogens, but this result was not observed when the juice was tested. The probiotic strain remained viable under refrigeration, even in an acidified environment, and survived simulated gastrointestinal transit in vitro. L. plantarum Lp62 showed 30% adherence to HT-29 intestinal cells and proved to be safe in terms of antibiotic resistance and production of virulence factors. Fermentation increased the functional characteristics of cupuassu juice. This drink proved to be a good vehicle for the delivery of the probiotic bacteria L. plantarum Lp62.
Idiopathic Constrictive Bronchiolitis in an Active Duty Soldier
Authors: Mehta Ketan , Bennett Steven P , Kwon James , Grant David W , Switzer Michael S 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Constrictive bronchiolitis is characterized by fibroproliferative thickening of the bronchiolar walls causing narrowing of the bronchiolar lumen, which may progress to the complete obliteration of bronchioles, resulting in progressive dyspnea and ultimately respiratory failure. Active duty service members returning from deployment with toxic exposures such as “burn pits” are known to be at risk for this condition. Other proposed etiologies for this condition include inhalation (nitrogen oxides, ammonia, welding fumes, aerosols [nicotine, diacetyl, and vitamin E acetate]), infection (respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae), rheumatic diseases, and graft-versus-host disease (lung or hematopoietic cell transplantation). Uncommonly, constrictive bronchiolitis can also be idiopathic. Here we present a case of a young active duty soldier with idiopathic constrictive bronchiolitis without any known risk factors for this disease. The goal of this case presentation is to help the military physician better understand this condition, including identification of this disease process, underlying etiologies, risk factors, and treatments available.
The XQR-30 metal absorber catalogue: 778 absorption systems spanning 2 ≲ z ≲ 6.5
Authors: Davies Rebecca L , Ryan-Weber E , D’Odorico V , Bosman S E I , Meyer R A , Becker G D , Cupani G , Bischetti M , Sebastian A M , Eilers A-C , Farina E P , Wang F , Yang J , Zhu Y 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Intervening metal absorption lines in the spectra of z ≳ 6 quasars are fundamental probes of the ionization state and chemical composition of circumgalactic and intergalactic gas near the end of the reionization epoch. Large absorber samples are required to robustly measure typical absorber properties and to refine models of the synthesis, transport, and ionization of metals in the early Universe. The Ultimate XSHOOTER legacy survey of quasars at z ∼ 5.8–6.6 (XQR-30) has obtained high signal-to-noise spectra of 30 luminous quasars, nearly quadrupling the existing sample of 12 high quality z ∼ 6 quasar spectra. We use this unprecedented sample to construct a catalogue of 778 systems showing absorption in one or more of Mg ii (360 systems), Fe ii (184), C ii (46), C iv (479), Si iv (127), and N v (13) which span 2 ≲ z ≲ 6.5. This catalogue significantly expands on existing samples of z ≳ 5 absorbers, especially for C iv and Si iv which are important probes of the ionizing photon background at high redshift. The sample is 50 per cent (90 per cent) complete for rest-frame equivalent widths W ≳ 0.03 Å (0.09 Å). We publicly release the absorber catalogue along with completeness statistics and a python script to compute the absorption search path for different ions and redshift ranges. This data set is a key legacy resource for studies of enriched gas from the era of galaxy assembly to cosmic noon, and paves the way for even higher redshift studies with JWST and 30 m-class telescopes.
Detached eclipsing binaries in compact hierarchical triples: triple-lined systems BD+442258 and KIC 06525196
Authors: Moharana Ayush , Hełminiak K G , Marcadon F , Pawar T , Konacki M , Ukita N , Kambe E , Maehara H 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Compact hierarchical triples (CHTs) are systems with the tertiary star orbiting the inner binary in an orbit shorter than 1000 d. CHT with an eclipsing binary as its inner binary can help us extract a multitude of information about all three stars in the system. In this study, we use independent observational techniques to estimate the orbital, stellar, and atmospheric parameters of two triple-lined CHT: BD+44 2258 and KIC 06525196. We find that the masses of stars in BD+44 2258 are $1.011\pm 0.029$, $0.941\pm 0.033$, and $0.907\pm 0.065 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ while in KIC 06525196 the estimated masses are $1.0351\pm 0.0055$, $0.9712\pm 0.0039 $, and $0.777\pm 0.012 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. Using spectral disentangling, we obtained individual spectra of all the stars and combined it with light-curve modelling to obtain radii, metallicities, and temperatures. Using stellar evolution models from mesa, we constrain the log(age) of BD+44 2258 to be 9.89 and 9.49 for KIC 06525196. Two stars in BD+44 2258 are found to be sub-giants while all three stars in KIC 06525196 are main-sequence stars. We constrain the mutual inclinations to certain angles for BD+44 2258 and KIC 06525196 using numerical integration. Integrating with tidal interaction schemes and stellar evolution models, we find that KIC 06525196 is a stable system. But the inner binary of BD+44 2258 merges within 550 Myr. The time of this merger is affected by the orientation of the tertiary, even rushing the collapse by ∼100 Myr when the mutual inclination is close to 90○.
Extremely expensive likelihoods: a variational-Bayes solution for precision cosmology
Authors: Rizzato Matteo , Sellentin Elena 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe present a variational-Bayes solution to compute non-Gaussian posteriors from extremely expensive likelihoods. Our approach is an alternative for parameter inference when Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is numerically prohibitive or conceptually unfeasible. For example, when either the likelihood or the theoretical model cannot be evaluated at arbitrary parameter values, but only previously selected values, then traditional MCMC sampling is impossible, whereas our variational-Bayes solution still succeeds in estimating the full posterior. In cosmology, this occurs e.g. when the parametric model is based on costly simulations that were run for previously selected input parameters. We demonstrate the applicability of our posterior construction on the KiDS-450 weak lensing analysis, where we reconstruct the original KiDS MCMC posterior at 0.6 per cent of its former numerical posterior evaluations. The reduction in numerical cost implies that systematic effects which formerly exhausted the numerical budget could now be included.
The rest-frame ultraviolet of superluminous supernovae – I. Potential as cosmological probes
Authors: Khetan Nandita , Cooke Jeff , Branchesi Marica 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) have been detected to z ∼ 4 and can be detected to z ≳ 15 using current and upcoming facilities. SLSNe are extremely UV luminous, and hence objects at z ≳ 7 are detected exclusively via their rest-frame UV using optical and infrared facilities. SLSNe have great utility in multiple areas of stellar and galactic evolution. Here, we explore the potential use of SLSNe type-I (SLSNe-I) as high-redshift cosmological distance indicators in their rest-frame UV. Using an SLSN-I sample in the redshift range 1 ≲ z ≲ 3, we investigate correlations between the peak absolute magnitude in a synthetic UV filter centred at 250 nm and the rise time, colour, and decline rate of SLSNe-I light curves. We observe a linear correlation between M0(250) and the rise time with an intrinsic scatter of 0.29. Interestingly, this correlation is further tightened (σint ≈ 0.2) by eliminating those SLSNe that show a pre-peak bump in their light curve. This result hints at the possibility that ‘bumpy’ SLSNe could belong to a different population. Weak correlations are observed between the peak luminosity and colour indices. No relationship is found between the UV peak magnitude and the decline rate, in contrast to what is typically found in the optical band. The correlations found here are promising, and give encouraging insights into the use of SLSNe as cosmological probes at high redshifts using standardizing relations in the UV. We also highlight the importance of early, and consistent, photometric data for constraining the light-curve properties.
Constraining cosmic ray transport with observations of the circumgalactic medium
Authors: Butsky Iryna S , Nakum Shreya , Ponnada Sam B , Hummels Cameron B , Ji Suoqing , Hopkins Philip F 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent theoretical studies predict that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) around low-redshift, ∼L* galaxies could have substantial non-thermal pressure support in the form of cosmic rays. However, these predictions are sensitive to the specific model of cosmic ray transport employed, which is theoretically and observationally underconstrained. In this work, we propose a novel observational constraint for calculating the lower limit of the radially averaged, effective cosmic ray transport rate, ${\kappa _{\rm eff}^{\rm min}}$. Under a wide range of assumptions (so long as cosmic rays do not lose a significant fraction of their energy in the galactic disc, regardless of whether the cosmic ray pressure is important or not in the CGM), we demonstrate a well-defined relationship between ${\kappa _{\rm eff}^{\rm min}}$ and three observable galaxy properties: the total hydrogen column density, the average star formation rate, and the gas circular velocity. We use a suite of Feedback in Realistic Environments 2 galaxy simulations with a variety of cosmic ray transport physics to demonstrate that our analytical model of ${\kappa _{\rm eff}^{\rm min}}$ is a robust lower limit of the true cosmic ray transport rate. We then apply our new model to calculate ${\kappa _{\rm eff}^{\rm min}}$ for galaxies in the COS-Halos sample, and confirm this already reveals strong evidence for an effective transport rate that rises rapidly away from the interstellar medium to values ${\kappa _{\rm eff}^{\rm min}}\gtrsim 10^{30\!-\!31}\, {\rm cm}^2\, {\rm s}^{-1}$ (corresponding to anisotropic streaming velocities of $v^{\rm stream}_{\rm eff} \gtrsim 1000\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$) in the diffuse CGM, at impact parameters larger than 50–100 kpc. We discuss how future observations can provide qualitatively new constraints in our understanding of cosmic rays in the CGM and intergalactic medium.
Evolution of the eccentricity and inclination of low-mass planets subjected to thermal forces: a numerical study
Authors: Cornejo Sonia , Masset Frédéric S , Chametla Raúl O , Fromenteau Sébastien 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
By means of three-dimensional high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations, we study the orbital evolution of weakly eccentric or inclined low-mass protoplanets embedded in gaseous discs subject to thermal diffusion. We consider both non-luminous planets and planets that also experience the radiative feedback from their own luminosity. We compare our results to previous analytical work and find that thermal forces (the contribution to the disc’s force arising from thermal effects) match those predicted by linear theory within ∼20 per cent. When the planet’s luminosity exceeds a threshold found to be within 10 per cent of that predicted by linear theory, its eccentricity and inclination grow exponentially, whereas these quantities undergo a strong damping below this threshold. In this regime of low luminosity indeed, thermal diffusion cools the surroundings of the planet and allows gas to accumulate in its vicinity. It is the dynamics of this gas excess that contributes to damp eccentricity and inclination. The damping rates obtained can be up to h−1 times larger than those due to the resonant interaction with the disc, where h is the disc’s aspect ratio. This suggests that models that incorporate planet–disc interactions using well-known formulae based on resonant wave-launching to describe the evolution of eccentricity and inclination underestimate the damping action of the disc on the eccentricity and inclination of low-mass planets by an order of magnitude.