bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion‐tensor magnetic resonance imaging captures increased skeletal muscle fibre diameters in Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Cameron Donnie , Abbassi‐Daloii Tooba , Heezen Laura G.M. , van de Velde Nienke M. , Koeks Zaïda , Veeger Thom T.J. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , el Abdellaoui Salma , van Duinen Sjoerd G. , Verschuuren Jan J.G.M. , van Putten Maaike , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Raz Vered , Spitali Pietro , Niks Erik H. , Kan Hermien E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBecker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X‐linked disorder characterized by slow, progressive muscle damage and muscle weakness. Hallmarks include fibre‐size variation and replacement of skeletal muscle with fibrous and adipose tissues, after repeated cycles of regeneration. Muscle histology can detect these features, but the required biopsies are invasive, are difficult to repeat and capture only small muscle volumes. Diffusion‐tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT‐MRI) is a potential non‐invasive alternative that can calculate muscle fibre diameters when applied with the novel random permeable barrier model (RPBM). In this study, we assessed muscle fibre diameters using DT‐MRI in BMD patients and healthy controls and compared these with histology.MethodsWe included 13 BMD patients and 9 age‐matched controls, who underwent water‐fat MRI and DT‐MRI at multiple diffusion times, allowing RPBM parameter estimation in the lower leg muscles. Tibialis anterior muscle biopsies were taken from the contralateral leg in 6 BMD patients who underwent DT‐MRI and from an additional 32 BMD patients and 15 healthy controls. Laminin and Sirius‐red stainings were performed to evaluate muscle fibre morphology and fibrosis. Twelve ambulant patients from the MRI cohort underwent the North Star ambulatory assessment, and 6‐min walk, rise‐from‐floor and 10‐m run/walk functional tests.ResultsRPBM fibre diameter was significantly larger in BMD patients (P = 0.015): mean (SD) = 68.0 (25.3) μm versus 59.4 (19.2) μm in controls. Inter‐muscle differences were also observed (P ≤ 0.002). Both inter‐ and intra‐individual RPBM fibre diameter variability were similar between groups. Laminin staining agreed with the RPBM, showing larger median fibre diameters in patients than in controls: 72.5 (7.9) versus 63.2 (6.9) μm, P = 0.006. However, despite showing similar inter‐individual variation, patients showed more intra‐individual fibre diameter variability than controls—mean variance (SD) = 34.2 (7.9) versus 21.4 (6.9) μm, P < 0.001—and larger fibrosis areas: median (interquartile range) = 21.7 (5.6)% versus 14.9 (3.4)%, P < 0.001. Despite good overall agreement of RPBM and laminin fibre diameters, they were not associated in patients who underwent DT‐MRI and muscle biopsy, perhaps due to lack of colocalization of DT‐MRI with biopsy samples.ConclusionsDT‐MRI RPBM metrics agree with histology and can quantify changes in muscle fibre size that are associated with regeneration without the need for biopsies. They therefore show promise as imaging biomarkers for muscular dystrophies.
Fiber post bonding with beta‐tricalcium phosphate incorporated root dentin adhesive. SEM, EDX, FTIR, rheometric and bond strength study
Authors: Vohra Fahim , Alamri Renad R. , Almohsen Fatimah O. , El Mourad Aminah M. , Farooq Imran , Alsaif Rawan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim was to formulate an experimental adhesive (EA) and added nanoparticles (NPs) of beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) to see the impact on pushout bond strength (PBS) and other mechanical properties. Three adhesives were prepared, including EA (control, without β‐TCP NPs), 2.5%‐β‐TCP NPs containing adhesive (2.5%‐NPA), and 5% β‐TCP NPs containing adhesive (5%‐NPA). For the characterization of the NPs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy was accomplished. For the adhesive's characterization, rheological assessment, and degree of conversion (DC) analysis were performed. PBS of these adhesives against resin fiber post to root dentin, interfacial failure categories, and resin dentin interface analysis were also assessed. The β‐TCP NPs were seen as agglomerated asymmetrical particles on SEM. These NPs were composed primarily of calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Rheological evaluation of the adhesive's showed a drop in the viscosity of all adhesives at greater angular frequencies. The greatest DC was detected for the EA group (67.54 ± 7.9) followed by 2.5%‐NPA group (45.32 ± 5.1), whereas the lowest DC values were seen for the 5%‐NPA group (38.97 ± 6.5). Concerning PBS, the 2.5%‐NPA revealed the highest values at the coronal (12.81 ± 3.0) and middle (8.50 ± 2.3) sections, whereas, for the apical section, the highest PBS values were seen for the 5%‐NPA (4.9 ± 1.6). Most of the failures for all adhesive groups were seen at the adhesive‐dentin interface (cohesive type failures) for all root segments (coronal, middle, and apical). The resin‐dentin interface analysis verified hybrid layer and resin tag formation for all adhesives, but the presence of dispersed β‐TCP NPs was only seen in the two NP‐reinforced adhesives. The adding of β‐TCP NPs in the adhesive could be beneficial as it could improve its PBS. Suitable rheological properties and dentin interaction were also observed for NP‐reinforced adhesives. A reduced DC was seen for both β‐TCP NP‐containing adhesives as compared to the EA.Research Highlights
Experimental adhesives were reinforced with beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) nanocrystals.
The β‐TCP NPs were seen as agglomerated asymmetrical particles on SEM. These NPs were composed primarily of calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P).
β‐TCP adhesives demonstrated superior pushout bond strength and a drop in the adhesive viscosity at greater angular frequencies compared to control adhesive.
The greatest DC was detected for the EA group followed by 2.5%‐ β‐TCP group, whereas the lowest DC values were for the 5%‐ β‐TCP group.
Environmental and agronomic factors that impact the regional identity of Cascade and Mosaic® hops grown in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Féchir Michael , Gallagher Andy , Weaver Garrett , Roy Curtis , Shellhammer Thomas H 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDRegional identity is a well‐established concept of economic interest that has been identified as a source of unique quality traits of various agricultural products originating from a specific region. In the context of hops, the exploration of regional identity is still at a very early stage despite an increasing global demand for specialized aroma hops to enable more product diversity, especially in the growing craft beer industry. Thus, we conducted a large‐scale investigation characterizing the growing environments of Cascade and Mosaic® hops at 39 field locations throughout two important valleys in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States to identify factors that significantly impact hop characteristics and to better understand how these impact hop regional identity.RESULTSThe Willamette Valley (Oregon) and the Yakima Valley (Washington) have distinctly different soil characteristics, soil chemistry, and climate. In turn, growers in these two regions apply unique agronomic practices in response to these differences. This investigation also revealed significant subregional differences in growing environment within each of these two valleys. Multivariate statistics, correlation, and regression analysis identified a number of environmental and agronomic factors like soil pH, the concentration of zinc, sulfur, and manganese in the soil, and the amount of applied zinc fertilization, which exhibited strong positive or negative correlations with specific hop quality traits depending on the hop variety, primarily in Oregon.CONCLUSIONThis study provides new insights into understanding hop regional identity and represents an important step towards fully utilizing this effect. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel strategy for preparation of rice bran protein oleogels based on high internal phase emulsion template
Authors: Zheng Songbai , Lu Muwen , Xiao Jie , Zhang Xiaohui , Li Jie , Zhang Hao , Zhang Chenhao , Cao Yong , Lan Yaqi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDOleogels have been extensively explored as fat substitutes with no trans fatty acids and low saturated fatty acids in recent years as a result of increased health problems found to be related to the intake of trans and saturated fatty acids.RESULTSHerein, high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) stabilized by rice bran protein (RBP) was prepared and further utilized as a template for preparation of RBP oleogels. RBP HIPE with the strongest rheological properties was obtained at pH 5.0 as a result of appropriate structural deformation, surface charge and a high three‐phase contact angle at this pH. However, RBP oleogels prepared at pH 9.0 exhibited the highest yield stress after drying process. At this pH, RBP showed higher resistance to deformation caused by water evaporation. This highlighted the importance of structural stability of protein network on rheological properties of the resultant oleogels. Furthermore, with an increase in drying temperature, RBP oleogels exhibited higher yield stress and gel strength because water was better removed as a result of an enhanced capability to overcome the capillary pressure of emulsion.CONCLUSIONThe present study further revealed the structure–activity relationship between protein, HIPE and oleogel, and also provided theoretical support for the development of protein‐based oleogel. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combined effect of harvest time and postharvest dehydration length on the composition of withered grapes for Sforzato di ValtellinaDOCG wine production
Authors: Scalzini Giulia , Giacosa Simone , Paissoni Maria Alessandra , Río Segade Susana , De Paolis Camilla , Škrab Domen , Zava Andrea , Motta Giulia , Ferrero Lorenzo , Beria D'Argentina Sofia , Gerbi Vincenzo , Rolle Luca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSforzato di Valtellina (Sfursat) is a PDO reinforced red wine produced in Valtellina (northern Italy) from partially withered red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Nebbiolo. The present study aimed to evaluate the combined influence of different grape ripeness levels and withering length on the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and phenolic profile of Nebbiolo winegrapes from two Valtellina vineyards. During three consecutive vintages (2019, 2020, and 2021), three different technological binomials have been tested: early harvest/long withering (EL), medium‐term harvest/medium‐term withering (MM), and late harvest/short withering (LS).RESULTSAt the end of the withering process, EL thesis usually presented the highest values of sugars and acidity. Extractable seed polyphenols showed a decreasing trend by leaving the grapes on the plant longer, and this effect increased considerably after withering with respect to fresh samples. EL and MM evidenced the greater concentration of these compounds expressed on grape weight, particularly for tannins. Instead, skin‐extracted total phenolics were less influenced by the harvest time, whereas their concentration increased after withering. The harvest time appears to have a higher impact than the withering length on the final extractable anthocyanin content, although the trend was no stable during the vintages or common for the two vineyards evaluated. EL and MM experienced the highest contents of grape skin tannins in most cases, suggesting that a longer withering increases their concentration.CONCLUSIONHarvest time and withering length can be modulated according to the desired oenological objective, promoting the valorization of grape potentialities. The choice to harvest the grapes earlier and enhance the withering length should be preferred to obtain wines with higher acidity and phenolic content, more suitable for long‐ageing period. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Polarity Does Not Matter: Molecular Weight Reverses the Photoisomerization‐Induced Phase Separation of an Azobenzene‐Bearing Polymer
Authors: Homma Kenta , Chang Alice C. , Yamamoto Shota , Ueki Takeshi , Nakanishi Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe non‐canonical photoisomerization‐induced phase separation of an azobenzene‐bearing polymer is found. The polymer composed of acrylate‐based azobenzene (AzoAA) and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA), namely poly(AzoAA‐r‐DMA), phase separates under visible light‐induced cis‐to‐trans isomerization at high molecular weight, whereas the phase separation is realized under UV light‐induced trans‐to‐cis isomerization at low molecular weight. Conventionally, the origin of photoisomerization‐induced phase separation is believed to arise from the difference in polarity between the apolar trans and polar cis states; thereby the direction of phase changes, either to separate or dissolute, is uniquely determined by the polarity changes during the isomerization of azobenzene. Contrary to this common perception, the poly(AzoAA‐r‐DMA) in this study phase separates through both trans and cis isomerization, depending on the molecular weight. The non‐canonical phase separation of poly(AzoAA‐r‐DMA) reported herein suggests that molecular weight plays a significant role in determining the phase behavior of azobenzene‐bearing polymers. This study provides a platform for the development of spatial‐temporally controlled delivery vehicles and microreactors.
The optimal licensing strategy and commission in a software platform ecosystem with software content upgrades
Authors: Wei Ning , Guo Junpeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA licensing commission policy can be used as a tool to orchestrate an ecosystem with complementary developers. For instance, Apple attempts to take advantage of a licensing‐related commission strategy. However, its economic mechanism is seldom discussed. Therefore, this study developed a framework of a platform ecosystem in order to analyze the economics of the licensing‐related commission strategy and the optimal licensing choice with the software function and content upgrade in a monopoly/duopoly market setting. We find that the commission rate serves not only as a value transfer instrument but also as a value‐creation incentive machine for the ecosystem with third‐party vendors. Further, by considering the above factors, the platform would use a win‐win commission rate that benefits both parties. We also find that the differential commission rate has a stronger extraction effect, but it may not result in a vendor‐friendly commission rate and may hurt the vendor's value creation incentive and social welfare. Furthermore, we investigate the equilibrium in the market with competing vendors.
Temperature measurement of SO2 based on mid‐infrared laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Gong Ting , Shi Wenhui , Zhu Hongli , Guo Guqing , Tian Yali , Sun Xiaocong , Qiu Xuanbing , Zhou Bin , Li Chuanliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe temperature measurement of Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a crucial parameter for accurately determining its concentration, particularly in high‐temperature environment. Herein, it is realized by using three different techniques, which are direct absorption spectroscopy, wavelength modulation spectroscopy and non‐calibration wavelength modulation spectroscopy based on the bispectral lines temperature measurement method. The bispectral lines of SO2 locates at 1396.844 and 1396.921 cm−1, respectively. The gas temperature in the absorption cell was also measured with K‐type thermocouple and compared with these three spectral measurements. The linearities corresponding to these three techniques are 99.71%, 99.8%, and 99.88%, respectively. Their average relative error between the spectral measurement results and the linear fitting value of the three techniques is 1.15%, 0.86%, and 0.57%, respectively. It is illustrated the feasibility of the bispectral lines method for high‐temperature measurement. These investigations provide methods for temperature measurement in high‐temperature coal‐fired boilers, potentially for investigating other sulfide gas molecules such as SO3 and H2S.
Quantification of spinal bone marrow fat fraction using three‐material decomposition technique on dual‐energy CT: A phantom study
Authors: Li Baojun , Hua Ning , Li Janelle , Andreu‐Arasa V. Carlota , LeBedis Christina , Anderson Stephan W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTwo‐material decomposition is insufficient to quantify the fat fraction of spinal bone marrow, which is comprised of a mixture of bone minerals, water, and yellow marrow (fat).PurposeTo develop an accurate three‐material decomposition‐based bone marrow fat fraction () quantification technique for dual‐energy CT.MethodsBone marrow edema phantoms containing trabecular bone minerals, water, and fat were constructed using fat fractions and bone mineral density values matching those expected in healthy and edematous bone, and scanned on a commercial dual‐energy CT. Fat quantified by were compared to MRI‐based fat fraction () and conventional two‐material‐decomposition‐based fat fraction () to evaluate its accuracy and dependency on various bone mineral densities.Results demonstrated an excellent correlation with (r = 0.97, R2 = 0.96) in the phantom, significantly more accurate than FF2MD when confounding bone minerals are present (50 mg/cm3: r = 1.02, R2 = 0.95 vs. r = 0.65, R2 = 0.79 (p < 0.01); 100 mg/cm3: r = 0.81, R2 = 0.47 vs. r = 0.21, R2 = 0.21 (p < 0.05)).Conclusions accurately quantified bone marrow fat fraction, when compared with , in the specially constructed bone marrow phantom.
Predictors of persistent pain in patients with acute neck pain treated with physical therapy: A prospective study with 2 years follow up
Authors: Aldabbas Mosab M. , Tanwar Tarushi , Iram Iram , Ghrouz Amer , Veqar Zubia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinicians specialising in musculoskeletal medicine have observed that patients with neck pain often seek repeat consultations because of recurring neck pain. Despite this pattern, there is a lack of research exploring the persistence nature of neck pain. Understanding potential predictors of persistent neck pain could help clinicians develop effective treatment approaches to prevent the chronicity of these conditions.ObjectiveThe current study investigated the potential predictors of persistent neck pain over a 2‐year period among patients with acute neck pain treated with physical therapy.MethodsA longitudinal study design was employed. Data were collected at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up from 152 acute neck pain patients aged (29.2 ± 6.7). Patients were recruited from physiotherapy clinics. Logistic regression was used for analysis. At 2‐year follow‐up, participants were reassessed for their pain intensity (Dependent variable) and categorised as recovered or reporting persistent neck pain. Baseline acute neck pain intensity, sleep quality, disability, depression, anxiety, and sleepiness were used as potential predictors.ResultsAmong 152 participants, 51 (33.6%) patients with acute neck pain reported persistent neck pain at 2‐year follow‐up. 43% of the variation in the dependent variable was explained by the model. Despite the strong correlations between persistent pain at follow‐up with all potential predictors, only sleep quality 95% CI (1.1,1.6), and anxiety 95% CI (1.1,1.4) were the significant predictors of persistent neck pain.ConclusionOur results suggest that poor sleep quality and anxiety may serve as potential predictors of persistent neck pain. The findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing neck pain that addresses both physical and psychological factors. By targeting these co‐morbidities, healthcare providers may be able to improve outcomes and prevent the progression of the case.
Psychological capital, grit and organizational justice as positive strengths and resources among registered nurses: A path analysis
Authors: Flinkman Mervi , Rudman Ann , Pasanen Miko , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo examine registered nurses' individual strengths (psychological capital and grit) and an organizational resource (organizational justice) as well as associated work‐related outcomes. In a time of a global nursing shortage, there is an urgent need to identify strengths and resources that can have a positive impact on the health, well‐being and retention of registered nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsA nationwide convenience sample of 514 registered nurses responded to a survey. Data were collected using a self‐reported questionnaire between March and May 2018. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate path analysis.ResultsParticipants rated their psychological capital and grit moderately high. Grit and organizational justice were found to have significant direct effects on psychological capital. Furthermore, psychological capital had positive direct effects on engagement and the perception of well‐conducted everyday nursing as well as negative direct effects on burnout, the stress of conscience and the intent to leave the profession.ConclusionThe results suggest that nurse leaders and managers could consider improving registered nurses' well‐being with two complementary approaches. It might be useful to reinforce positive, individual strengths, such as psychological capital, and at the same time create more favourable nursing work environments, for example by strengthening organizational justice.Implications for the ProfessionPsychological capital and grit are emerging concepts in nursing workforce research. Identifying registered nurses' positive strengths and resources is important for inventing interventions that enhance nurses' engagement and well‐being as well as reduce turnover intentions.ImpactNurse leaders and managers play crucial roles in managing and developing registered nurses' individual strengths and organizational resources. This has gained even more importance now as the COVID‐19 pandemic could have a long‐term negative impact on nurses' well‐being.Reporting MethodThe study is reported following STROBE guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Gender Differences Among Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstructive Surgeons
Authors: Hobday Sara B. , Armache Maria , Frost Ariel S. , Lu Joseph , De Ravin Emma , Shanti Rabie M. , Jazayeri Hossein E. , Newman Jason G. , Brody Robert M. , Cannady Steven B. , Wax Mark K. , Mady Leila J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether gender differences exist in the training history, practice patterns, and home lives of surgeons who perform microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingMedical facilities that employ surgeons who practice head and neck microvascular reconstruction in the United States.MethodsA survey was created using the Research Electronic Data Capture Framework and was distributed via email to microvascular reconstructive surgeons. Descriptive statistics were performed using Stata software.ResultsNo significant differences were found in training or current practice patterns between microvascular surgeons who identify as men versus those who identify as women. Women had fewer children (p = .020) and were more likely to be childless (p = .002). Whereas men were more likely to report a spouse/partner as primary caretaker, women were more likely to hire a professional caretaker or cite themselves as a primary caretaker (p < .001). Women were more likely to have finished residency (p = .015) and fellowship (p = .014) more recently and to practice in the Southeast (p = .006). Of the microvascular surgeons who reported practice setting switches, men more commonly changed positions for career advancement, whereas women were more likely to switch due to burnout (p = .002).ConclusionThis study found no gender‐based differences in training or practice patterns. However, significant differences were identified in childbearing, family structure, geographic practice location, and motives for switching practice.