bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific preadaptations of Rhodococcus equi cooperate with its Virulence‐associated protein A during macrophage infection
Authors: Haubenthal Thomas , Hansen Philipp , Krämer Ina , Gindt Mélanie , Jünger‐Leif Alexandra , Utermöhlen Olaf , Haas Albert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGram‐positive Rhodococcus equi (Prescotella equi) is a lung pathogen of foals and immunocompromised humans. Intra‐macrophage multiplication requires production of the bacterial Virulence‐associated protein A (VapA) which is released into the phagosome lumen. VapA pH‐neutralizes intracellular compartments allowing R. equi to multiply in an atypical macrophage phagolysosome. Here, we show that VapA does not support intra‐macrophage growth of several other bacterial species demonstrating that only few bacteria have the specific preadaptations needed to profit from VapA. We show that the closest relative of R. equi, environmental Rhodococcus defluvii (Prescotella defluvii), does not multiply in macrophages at 37°C even when VapA is present because of its thermosensitivity but it does so once the infection temperature is lowered providing rare experimental evidence for ‘thermal restriction’. Using growth experiments with isolated macrophage lysosomes and modified infection schemes we provide evidence that R. equi resists the attack by phagolysosome contents at low pH for several hours. During this time, R. equi produces and secretes VapA which enables it to grow at the expense of lysosome constituents. We present arguments that, under natural infection conditions, R. equi is VapA‐less during the initial encounter with the host. This has important implications for vaccine development.
Rhein induces bone regeneration via alleviating inflammation in murine periodontitis model
Authors: Huang Xi , Zhu Lifang , Gong Yin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of rhein on eliminating the inflammation and promoting bone regeneration of periodontitis after local administration.Materials and MethodsIn vivo, periodontitis model was established in murine mandibular first molar by using ligature for 7 days, followed by ligature removal and local administration of rhein/vehicle for 7 consecutive days. In vitro, periodontal ligament fibroblasts were treated by LPS, along with the applications of rhein/vehicle. Histology and molecular biology approaches were applied for analysis.ResultsIn vivo, rhein alleviated periodontitis inflammation through downregulating the inflammatory index and promoted the osteogenic potential of PDL fibroblasts in a dosage‐dependent manner. The result of micro‐CT validated this phenomenon. In vitro, rhein administration inhibited the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of P65, along with the arose runx2 level of PDL fibroblasts with the stimulus of LPS in mimicking periodontitis.ConclusionRhein played its inhibitory role on inflammation via curbing the activation of P65 but uprising the activities of Runx2 in PDL fibroblasts in periodontitis microenvironment. These data suggested that rhein could be an effective and potential clinical choice for the treatment of periodontitis.
Severity of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) in patients with and without mucocutaneous findings
Authors: Rao Megana , Bond Caitlin , Haggstrom Anita , Bhumbra Samina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are few studies comparing severity of MIS‐C disease with mucocutaneous symptoms, age, race, and ethnicity.ObjectiveTo describe the mucocutaneous symptoms present on admission and evaluate whether these symptoms are correlated with a more severe MIS‐C disease course.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with suspected MIS‐C between May 13, 2020 to April 21, 2021.ResultsOf the 66 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 84.8% (56/66) exhibited mucocutaneous findings. The most common mucocutaneous symptoms were rash, conjunctivitis, cracked lips, and sore throat. Children with mucocutaneous symptoms were younger (median 9.8 years) compared to those without (11.4 years), p = .39. The groups had similar proportions of pediatric intensive care unit admission, abnormal cardiology studies, and necessity of pressors. The presence of mucocutaneous findings on admission was associated with a lower troponin level on admission (median 0.08 ng/ml vs. 0.52, p = .003). Black children had higher odds of severe MIS‐C compared to White children (odds ratio [95% CI]: 3.30 [1.02, 10.72], p = .047). Children ≥5 years of age had greater odds of severe MIS‐C compared to children <5 years of age (odds ratio [95% CI]: 5.43 [1.39, 21.23], p = .02).LimitationsThe sample size was relatively small, there was no dermatologist present on admission, initial diagnostic testing and management varied if patients presented at outside hospitals, and the CDC case definition for MIS‐C was highly sensitive.ConclusionThe presence of mucocutaneous symptoms negatively correlated with troponin levels, but there was no significant association between these symptoms and other markers of cardiac involvement (echocardiogram, ejection fraction, electrocardiogram).
Non‐chlorophyllous and crypto‐chlorophyllous fern spores differ in their mobilisation of fatty acids during priming
Authors: Pedrero‐López Luis V. , Flores‐Ortiz César M. , Pérez‐García Blanca , Cruz‐Ortega Rocío , Mehltreter Klaus , Sánchez‐Coronado María E. , Hernández‐Portilla Luis Barbo , Contreras‐Jiménez Gastón , Orozco‐Segovia Alma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring fern spore germination, lipid hydrolysis primarily provides the energy to activate their metabolism. In this research, fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic) were quantified in the spores exposed or not to priming (hydration–dehydration treatments). Five fern species were investigated, two from xerophilous shrubland and three from a cloud forest. We hypothesised that during the priming hydration phase, the fatty acids profile would change in concentration, depending on the spore type (non‐chlorophyllous and crypto‐chlorophyllous). The fatty acid concentration was determined by gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. Chlorophyll in spores was vizualised by epifluorescence microscopy and quantified by high‐resolution liquid chromatography with a DAD‐UV/Vis detector. Considering all five species and all the treatments, the oleic acid was the most catabolised. After priming, we identified two patterns in the fatty acid metabolism: (1) in non‐chlorophyllous species, oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were catabolised during imbibition and (2) in crypto‐chlorophyllous species, these fatty acids increased in concentration. These patterns suggest that crypto‐chlorophyllous spores with homoiochlorophylly (chlorophyll retained after drying) might not require the assembly of new photosynthetic apparatus during dark imbibition. Thus, these spores might require less energy from pre‐existing lipids and less fatty acids as ‘building blocks’ for cell membranes than non‐chlorophyllous spores, which require de novo synthesis and structuring of the photosynthetic apparatus.
Melatonin production by rhizobacteria native strains: Towards sustainable plant growth promotion strategies
Authors: Jofre María Florencia , Mammana Sabrina B. , Appiolaza Martín Lopez , Silva María Fernanda , Gomez Federico José Vicente , Cohen Ana Carmen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the current context of climate change and water deficit, the selection of native beneficial microorganisms, such as plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), has become a trend for sustainable agriculture due to their ability to improve plant–bacteria interaction with a minimal adverse effect on the soil microbiota compared to commercial PGPR. Until now, the production of phytohormones like melatonin (MT) by native PGPR and their effect on endogenous MT levels in plants have been poorly studied. MT is a ubiquitous phytohormone that protects plants against biotic and abiotic stress by improving the tolerance of stressed plants. In this work, the production of MT by two native PGPR, Enterobacter 64S1 and Pseudomonas 42P4, was evaluated and both PGPR were applied in Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown under drought conditions to assess the inoculation effects. Parameters such as plant growth, leaf cellular membrane damage, leaf protective compounds, and endogenous MT levels under drought and irrigation conditions were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the native strains Pseudomonas 42P4 and Enterobacter 64S1 produce MT and increase the content of endogenous MT in A. thaliana plants under drought. These native strains improved the tolerance of arabidopsis plants to drought by preventing oxidative and membrane damages and improving plant growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on MT production by native PGPR and their effects on endogenous MT levels in arabidopsis plants, setting the bases to elucidate the role of native PGPR on water deficit conditions.
Cortical, muscular, and kinetic activity underpinning attentional focus strategies during visuomotor control
Authors: Parr Johnny V. V. , Gallicchio Germano , Canales‐Johnson Andrés , Uiga Liis , Wood Greg 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFocusing internally on movement control or bodily sensations is frequently shown to disrupt the effectiveness and efficiency of motor control when compared to focusing externally on the outcome of movement. Whilst the behavioral consequences of these attentional strategies are well‐documented, it is unclear how they are explained at the corticomuscular level. The aim of the present study was to investigate how attentional focus strategies affect kinetic, cortical, muscular, and corticomuscular activity during an isometric force precision task. In a repeated measures design, we measured force, EEG and EMG activity from twenty‐seven participants who performed isometric contractions of the right hand whilst encouraged to adopt either an internal or external focus through a combination of instructions, secondary tasks, and self‐report evaluations. Results indicated that focusing internally led to poorer force accuracy and steadiness compared to an external focus. An internal focus also increased muscle activity of the forearm flexor, increased EEG alpha activity across the parieto‐occipital cortex, lowered frontal midline EEG theta activity, and lowered beta corticomuscular coherence between the forearm flexor and contralateral motor cortex. The results of this study provide a holistic understanding of how attentional focus strategies alter corticomuscular control during an isometric force precision task, paving the way for exploring how the behavioral consequences of attentional strategies can be explained at the corticomuscular levels across a wide range of motor tasks and contexts.
Beltrami fields and knotted vortex structures in incompressible fluid flows
Authors: Enciso Alberto , Peralta‐Salas Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper gives a survey on recent results about the existence of knotted vortex structures in incompressible fluids. This includes the proof of Lord Kelvin's conjecture on the existence of knotted vortex tubes in steady Euler flows and a new probabilistic approach to address Arnold's speculation that typical Beltrami fields should exhibit vortex lines of arbitrary topological complexity. We review the key tools to establish these results: the global approximation properties of Beltrami fields, the inverse localization principle in spectral theory, and the theory of Gaussian random Beltrami fields, which permits the introduction of probabilistic considerations in the picture. Finally, we include some applications of these techniques to other problems, such as the existence of vortex reconnections for smooth solutions of the 3D Navier–Stokes equation and the evolution of local hot spots under the heat equation.
On the structure of rotation sets in hyperbolic surfaces
Authors: Alonso Juan , Brum Joaquín , Passeggi Alejandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSearching for a relation between the genus of a closed oriented surface and the possible geometries for homological rotation sets of its maps, we prove that this invariant for Smale diffeomorphisms is given by a union of at most convex sets, all of them containing zero. The classical theory of hyperbolic dynamics allows then to extend this bound to a ‐open and dense set of homeomorphisms, suggesting this to be a general fact. Examples showing the sharpness for this asymptotic order are provided.
Analysis and Optimization of Heat Dissipation Module in the Motor Grader Engine Compartment
Authors: Guo Lei , Hu Jing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To solve the problem of heat reflow in the fan rotation center of the forced convection cooling system in the engine compartment, this study established a calculation model of the external flow field of the engine compartment’s cooling module. It then used the CFD numerical simulation method to calculate and analyze the heat flow characteristics of the existing radiator and compared these with the experimental results. Accordingly, the region where the heat reflux occurred and the reason for the heat reflow were found. The existing heat dissipation scheme was recalculated by using the secondary heat dissipation model, and an optimized and improved scheme was proposed to introduce a deflector cone structure to eliminate heat reflow. The research results showed that the secondary heat dissipation model could more accurately describe the heat reflow problem of the engine compartment, the heat flow organization of the improved structure was more reasonable, and the temperature distribution was more uniform. Moreover, the theoretical heat dissipation effect of the improved structure was more than 10% higher than that of the existing structure.
Understanding uncertainties in contemporary and future extreme wave events for broad-scale impact and adaptation planning
Authors: Morim Joao , Wahl Thomas , Vitousek Sean , Santamaria-Aguilar Sara , Young Ian , Hemer Mark 
Published: January 2023

Understanding uncertainties in extreme wind-wave events is essential for offshore/coastal risk and adaptation estimates. Despite this, uncertainties in contemporary extreme wave events have not been assessed, and projections are still limited. Here, we quantify, at global scale, the uncertainties in contemporary extreme wave estimates across an ensemble of widely used global wave reanalyses/hindcasts supported by observations. We find that contemporary uncertainties in 50-year return period wave heights (

H
s
50

) reach (on average) ~2.5 m in regions adjacent to coastlines and are primarily driven by atmospheric forcing. Furthermore, we show that uncertainties in contemporary

H
s
50

estimates dominate projected 21st-century changes in

H
s
50

across ~80% of global ocean and coastlines. When translated into broad-scale coastal risk analysis, these uncertainties are comparable to those from storm surges and projected sea level rise. Thus, uncertainties in contemporary extreme wave events need to be combined with those of projections to fully assess potential impacts.
Over 50 years of behavioural evidence on the magnetic sense in animals: what has been learnt and how?
Authors: Schneider Will T. , Holland Richard A. , Lindecke Oliver 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMagnetoreception is a key element in the sensory repertoire of many organisms, and it has been shown to play a particular role in animal navigation. While the first data to demonstrate a magnetic compass in songbirds through behavioural measures were presented decades ago, studies of behaviour are still the main source of information in learning about the magnetic senses. The behavioural evidence is, however, scattered with sometimes contradictory results. Partly, this is a consequence of a wide spectrum of methods used across multiple research groups studying different model organisms. This has limited the ability of researchers to pin down exactly how and why animals use the Earth’s magnetic field. Here, we lay out how a range of methods for testing behaviour spanning from field observations to laboratory manipulations can be used to test for a magnetic sense in animals. To this end, we discuss the principal limitations of behavioural testing in telling us how animals sense the magnetic field, and we argue that behaviour must go hand in hand with other fields to advance our understanding of the magnetic sense.
Multi-objective Hardware-aware Neural Architecture Search with Pareto Rank-preserving Surrogate Models
Authors: Benmeziane Hadjer , Ouarnoughi Hamza , El Maghraoui Kaoutar , Niar Smail 
Published: January 2023

Deep learning (DL) models such as convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) are being deployed to solve various computer vision and natural language processing tasks at the edge. It is a challenge to find the right DL architecture that simultaneously meets the accuracy, power, and performance budgets of such resource-constrained devices. Hardware-aware Neural Architecture Search (HW-NAS) has recently gained steam by automating the design of efficient DL models for a variety of target hardware platforms. However, such algorithms require excessive computational resources. Thousands of GPU days are required to evaluate and explore an architecture search space such as FBNet [
45
]. State-of-the-art approaches propose using surrogate models to predict architecture accuracy and hardware performance to speed up HW-NAS. Existing approaches use independent surrogate models to estimate each objective, resulting in non-optimal Pareto fronts. In this article, HW-PR-NAS,

1

a novel Pareto rank-preserving surrogate model for edge computing platforms, is presented. Our model integrates a new loss function that ranks the architectures according to their Pareto rank, regardless of the actual values of the various objectives. We employ a simple yet effective surrogate model architecture that can be generalized to any standard DL model. We then present an optimized evolutionary algorithm that uses and validates our surrogate model. Our approach has been evaluated on seven edge hardware platforms from various classes, including ASIC, FPGA, GPU, and multi-core CPU. The evaluation results show that HW-PR-NAS achieves up to 2.5× speedup compared to state-of-the-art methods while achieving 98% near the actual Pareto front.
Posoleucel, an Allogeneic, Off-the-Shelf Multivirus-Specific T-Cell Therapy, for the Treatment of Refractory Viral Infections in the Post-HCT Setting
Authors: Pfeiffer Thomas , Tzannou Ifigeneia , Wu Mengfen , Ramos Carlos , Sasa Ghadir , Martinez Caridad , Lulla Premal , Krance Robert A. , Scherer Lauren , Ruderfer Daniel , Naik Swati , Bocchini Claire , Fraser Iain P. , Patel Badrish , Ward Dany , Wang Tao , Heslop Helen E. , Leen Ann M. , Omer Bilal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). In the absence of safe and effective antiviral treatments, virus-specific T cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic option. Posoleucel is a multivirus-specific T-cell therapy for off-the-shelf use against six viral infections that commonly occur in allo-HCT recipients: adenovirus, BK virus (BKV), cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, human herpes virus-6, and JC virus.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted an open-label, phase II trial to determine the feasibility and safety of posoleucel in allo-HCT recipients infected with one or more of these viruses. Infections were either unresponsive to or patients were unable to tolerate standard antiviral therapies. Fifty-eight adult and pediatric patients were enrolled and treated.

Results:
Posoleucel was well tolerated, with no cytokine release syndrome or other infusion-related toxicities; two patients (3.4%) developed Grade 2 and one patient (1.7%) Grade 3 GvHD during the trial. The overall response rate 6 weeks after the first posoleucel infusion was 95%, with a median plasma viral load reduction of 97%. Of the 12 patients who had two or more target viral infections identified at study entry, 10 (83%) had a clinical response for all evaluable viruses. Of the 23 patients treated for refractory BKV-associated hemorrhagic cystitis, 74% had resolution of symptoms and macroscopic hematuria by 6 weeks post-infusion.

Conclusions:
In this open-label trial, treatment of refractory viral infections/disease in allo-HCT recipients with posoleucel was feasible, safe, and effective.
Cancer Cell Resistance to IFNγ Can Occur via Enhanced Double-Strand Break Repair Pathway Activity
Authors: Han Tong , Wang Xujun , Shi Sailing , Zhang Wubing , Wang Jue , Wu Qiu , Li Ziyi , Fu Jingxin , Zheng Rongbin , Zhang Jiamin , Tang Qin , Zhang Peng , Wang Chenfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe pleiotropic cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is associated with cytostatic, antiproliferation, and proapoptotic functions in cancer cells. However, resistance to IFNγ occurs in many cancer cells, and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. To investigate potential IFNγ-resistance mechanisms, we performed IFNγ-sensitivity screens in more than 40 cancer cell lines and characterized the sensitive and resistant cell lines. By applying CRISPR screening and transcriptomic profiling in both IFNγ-sensitive and IFNγ-resistant cells, we discovered that activation of double-strand break (DSB) repair genes could result in IFNγ resistance in cancer cells. Suppression of single-strand break (SSB) repair genes increased the dependency on DSB repair genes after IFNγ treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of the DSB repair pathway exhibited a synergistic effect with IFNγ treatment both in vitro and in vivo. The relationship between the activation of DSB repair genes and IFNγ resistance was further confirmed in clinical tumor profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) cohorts. Our study provides comprehensive resources and evidence to elucidate a mechanism of IFNγ resistance in cancer and has the potential to inform combination therapies to overcome immunotherapy resistance.