bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Rote Keulenkopf – die erstaunliche Karriere eines Pilzes
Authors: Petersen Frank 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Rote Keulenkopf oder auch Purpurbraune Mutterkornpilz infiziert ausschließliche den Fruchtknoten von Süßgräsern, aus dem sich statt eines Samenkorns die schwarz‐violett gefärbte Überdauerungsform des Pilzes bildet, das Sklerotium oder Mutterkorn. Da der Mikroorganismus unter den Getreidegräsern vor allem den fremdbestäubenden Roggen befällt, vergifteten sich die Menschen über Roggen basierende Nahrungsmittel mit den im Mutterkorn enthaltenen hochaktiven Ergotalkaloiden. Wegen ihrer Ähnlichkeit mit den körpereigenen Signalstoffen Dopamin, Serotonin, Adrenalin und Noradrenalin stören sie deren Signalwege zur Regelung wesentlicher Körperfunktionen und rufen den gangränösen beziehungsweise den konvulsiven Ergotismus hervor. Bei der gangränösen Verlaufsform treten Durchblutungsstörungen auf, die zum Absterben von Geweben und Gliedmaßen führen, wohingegen schwere Krämpfe, Tobsuchtsanfälle und Halluzinationen bei der konvulsiven Ergotoxikose im Vordergrund stehen. Diese „seuchenartig“ auftretenden Vergiftungen ergiffen ab dem 9. Jahrhundert ganze Regionen Europas. Zur alleinigen Versorgung der Ergotismuskranken gründete sich im 11. Jahrhundert eine Laienbruderschaft, aus der später der Antoniterorden mit seinem Hospitalsystem hervorging. Auch wenn sie die Zusammenhänge der Entstehung des „Antoniusfeuers“ nicht kannten, stoppten die Klosterärzte die akuten und chronischen Vergiftungen, indem sie den Kranken statt roggen‐ weizenbasierte Nahrungsmittel zu essen gaben. Hinweise aus der griechischen Antike und der traditionellen Medizin Chinas legen nahe, dass die damaligen Ärzte wahrscheinlich mutterkorninfizierte Süßgräser als Arzneistoffe in der Frauen‐ und Geburtsheilkunde einsetzten.
Machine learning‐based prediction of 1‐year mortality in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery
Authors: Behnoush Amir Hossein , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Rezaee Malihe , Momtahen Shahram , Mansourian Soheil , Bagheri Jamshid , Masoudkabir Farzad , Hosseini Kaveh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning (ML) has shown promising results in all fields of medicine, including preventive cardiology. Hypertensive patients are at higher risk of mortality after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery; thus, we aimed to design and evaluate five ML models to predict 1‐year mortality among hypertensive patients who underwent CABG.HyothesisML algorithms can significantly improve mortality prediction after CABG.MethodsTehran Heart Center's CABG data registry was used to extract several baseline and peri‐procedural characteristics and mortality data. The best features were chosen using random forest (RF) feature selection algorithm. Five ML models were developed to predict 1‐year mortality: logistic regression (LR), RF, artificial neural network (ANN), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and naïve Bayes (NB). The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the models.ResultsAmong the 8,493 hypertensive patients who underwent CABG (mean age of 68.27 ± 9.27 years), 303 died in the first year. Eleven features were selected as the best predictors, among which total ventilation hours and ejection fraction were the leading ones. LR showed the best prediction ability with an AUC of 0.82, while the least AUC was for the NB model (0.79). Among the subgroups, the highest AUC for LR model was for two age range groups (50–59 and 80–89 years), overweight, diabetic, and smoker subgroups of hypertensive patients.ConclusionsAll ML models had excellent performance in predicting 1‐year mortality among CABG hypertension patients, while LR was the best regarding AUC. These models can help clinicians assess the risk of mortality in specific subgroups at higher risk (such as hypertensive ones).
Tailored Sky‐Parking Architectures of 3D Graphene Oxide Towards Highly‐Efficient Water Purification
Authors: Zhang Tianye , Li Huibo , Wei Junfu , Ma Jian‐Gong , Cheng Peng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe widespread use of chemicals has brought serious water pollution threatening human health and environment, which requires green, fast, and low‐cost purification urgently. Here, we build up a novel material family of sky‐parking‐like 3D structured graphene oxides (SP‐GOs) with adjustable interlayer‐space of 0.8–1.7 nm via the insertion of different sized diamine compounds as support pillars between GO layers. The assembled 3D SP‐GOs exhibit superior adsorption capacity and short removal time for various aromatic organic compounds in water, achieving record‐breaking maximum adsorption capacity of 535.79 mg g−1 toward the most common water‐pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) at ambient conditions as well as significantly improved removal of other organic pollutants including sulfapyridine, carbamazepine, ketoprofen and 2‐naphthol. The construction of SP‐GO provides a simple approach for evolving the GO material from 2D to 3D and a new avenue for the decontamination of pollutants in environmental remediation.
“All Compressed and Rendered with a Pathetic Delicacy That Astounds the Eye”: Midjourney Renders Ambergris as Constantinople
Authors: Alışık Emir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractText‐to‐image software have become widely accessible over the last few years, and the resolution of the images generated by these machine‐learning software has increased to such a degree that the images attract more and more public attention. Midjourney is one of the few available AI tools that provides images to textual prompts. With early beta access granted, I have put the abilities and biases of the tool to the test by prompting it to blend a fictional city (i.e., Ambergris, created by Jeff VanderMeer in 1993 first for a novella) with a historical one (i.e., Constantinople). The ontological distance of these two cities would not pose a problem, for the textual and visual data for both are vastly available on the internet, which data the software utilizes to generate images. The decision to blend these two is based on Ambergris's quality of being a city influenced by the history of Constantinople, yet diverging from it in other aspects. The software ended up generating images, where it employed various periods and urban features of both cities, all the while conforming to depiction styles that can be associated with both Ambergris and Constantinople.
Brunton, Finn. 2019. Digital Cash: The Unknown History of the Anarchists, Utopians, and Technologists Who Created Cryptocurrency. Princeton University Press
Authors: Slussareff Michaela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe book Digital Cash: The Unknown History of the Anarchists, Utopians, and Technologists Who Created Cryptocurrency is a very important piece of work in the field of digital currencies development. The author applies the media archaeology method of research and points out the most important ideas, projects, but as well barriers and beliefs that influenced the way of thinking about digital currencies and their development. This includes description of political agendas of different stakeholders, and furthermore processes of setting up a basis for robust and reliable currency, but independent of governmental forces (like Bitcoin). The book surprisingly offers several positions for the reader, in the introduction and conclusion of the book the form is rather popularly educational, sometimes reflective, the middle part is, on the contrary, a very dense academic body of work filled with theories and facts from actual research and the author's independent historical work.
Using stable water isotopes to evaluate water flow and nonpoint source pollutant contributions in three southern Ontario agricultural headwater streams
Authors: Gospodyn Larissa , Wellen Christopher , Sorichetti Ryan J. , Mundle Scott O. C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImproved understanding of catchment‐scale hydrology and nutrient transport in agricultural catchments is needed. Here, the annual young water fraction is determined for three southern Ontario headwater catchments using the stable water isotope δ18O; the dominant event contributions for three streams were also determined using a two‐component isotopic hydrograph separation. On an annual average, Nissouri Creek (loamy soils, high tile drainage) sees the lowest amount of event water, followed by Big Creek (clay soils, high tile drainage) and then North Creek (clay soils, low tile drainage). Event hydrograph separations show Nissouri Creek has significantly higher median amounts of pre‐event water than Big and North Creek during events. These results in indicate soil type may be more influential than tile drainage presence with respect to the contribution of event contributions to total stream flow; specifically, higher contributions of event water occurred in the two clay soil catchments, despite differing tile presence. Antecedent moisture and event characteristics did not uniformly explain the observed pre‐event water contributions for events across all sites, with pre‐event contributions only weakly and positively correlated with discharge at event commencement and negatively with isotopic variability in stream water. The total contribution of pre‐event water during events was significantly correlated with mean event turbidity and the flow‐weighted mean concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorus, but not total nitrogen or nitrate. The correlations we observed between pre‐event water and water chemistry were stronger than between event size and water chemistry, suggesting isotopic information adds insight that simple hydrometrics are unable to provide. Our results show that event water is responsible for phosphorus loss at the watershed scale, indicating actions targeting fast pathways or targeting pools of phosphorus available to those fast pathways can aid in reducing phosphorus transported by event water.
Assessment of primary care provider and pharmacist knowledge, comfort, and barriers to appropriate inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Foster Brooke , Obidare‐Kolade Daniel , Nagy Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPharmacotherapeutic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily involves the use of inhaled bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Mounting evidence in recent years suggests ICSs should be reserved for a limited COPD population. This study set out to understand primary care pharmacist and primary care provider comfort, barriers, and knowledge regarding appropriate ICS use in COPD. A cross‐sectional, survey‐based study was conducted. The survey was shared with primary care providers and primary care pharmacists at two healthcare organizations in Southeastern Wisconsin. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the survey results. The primary outcome was level of comfort, as reported using a 7‐point Likert scale of participants with five statements related to managing ICSs in patients with COPD. Secondary outcomes were level of agreeance, as reported using a 7‐point Likert scale of participants to the existence of seven different barriers to successfully executing ICS de‐escalation. Escalation in patients with COPD who qualify and percentage of participants who correctly answered a select‐all‐that‐apply knowledge‐check question regarding appropriate patient factors for ICS de‐escalation. Participants were most uncomfortable with creating a tapering schedule for ICS de‐escalation. Most participants agreed that many barriers exist to executing appropriate ICS de‐escalations. Twenty percent of all participants answered the knowledge‐check question completely correctly. The study's findings suggest the surveyed primary care providers and pharmacists are uncomfortable with several aspects of COPD management. There are many barriers that prevent clinicians from de‐escalating ICSs in appropriate patients. Clinicians may have knowledge gaps regarding what factors make patients appropriate for ICS de‐escalation.
Theoretical study of the absorption and emission spectrum and non‐adiabatic excited state dynamics of gas‐phase xanthone
Authors: Chin Chih‐Hao , Zhu Tong , Zhang John Zeng Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ground, singlet, and triplet excited state structures (S1, S2, T1, and T2) of xanthone have been calculated and characterized in the adiabatic representation by using time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). However, the fast intramolecular transition mechanisms of xanthone are still under debate, and so we perform non‐adiabatic excited state dynamics of the photochemistry of xanthone gas phase and find that it follows El‐Sayed's rule. Electronic transition mechanism of xanthone is sequential from the S2 state: the singlet internal conversion (IC) time from S2 (1ππ*) to S1 (1nπ*) is 3.85 ps, the intersystem crossing (ISC) from S1 (1nπ*) to T2 (3ππ*) takes 4.76 ps, and the triplet internal conversion from T2 (3ππ*) to T1 (3nπ*) takes 472 fs. The displaced oscillator, Franck–Condon approximation, and one‐photon excitation equations were used to simulate the absorption spectra of S0 → S2 transition, with v55 being most crucial for S0 structure; the fluorescence spectra of S1 → S0 transition with v47 for S1; and the phosphorescence spectra of T1 → S0 transition with v4 for T1. Our method can reproduce the experimental absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence spectra of gas‐phase xanthone.
Synergy effects of Mo2C and AC on the structure and catalytic performance of Mo2C/AC for NO2 to NO
Authors: Mu Shifang , Wang Yan , Wang Hongliang , Weng Yujing , Sun Qi , Zhang Yulong , Hong Tingfeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch on catalysts for the efficient conversion of NO2 to NO is of great significance for the accurate determination of NO2 concentration and the reduction of environmental pollution. The present work investigated the synergistic interaction between coconut shell activated carbon (AC) and Mo2C, along with the catalytic performance of NO2 to NO. The aim of this study was to prepare a composite catalyst with activated carbon as the support to improve the conversion of NO2 at low temperatures. The effect of Mo loading w(Mo) on the reaction performance of NO2 to NO was studied by technical analysis, and the internal mechanism of Mo2C/AC for improving the reaction activity of the catalyst was revealed to provide a reference for the development of new efficient NO2 converting agents.ResultsCommercially available Mo2C, AC, and Mo2C/AC catalysts can convert NO2 to NO under reaction test conditions. When the gas flow rate is 1.5 L/min and the temperature is 250°C, the NO2 conversion rates of 5‐Mo2C/AC, 10‐Mo2C/AC, 15‐Mo2C/AC, and 20‐Mo2C/AC are 96.1%, 97.8%, 97.0%, and 93.2%, respectively. The NO2 conversion rates of 10‐Mo2C/AC is about 4 times that of Mo2C and 1.1 times that of AC at 250 °C.ConclusionThe Mo2C/AC catalyst is rich in micropores and provides a reaction vessel for the conversion of NO2 to NO. AC with high specific surface area can not only change the dispersion and particle size of Mo2C species on the catalyst surface, but also adjust the NOx desorption performance of the catalyst. The synergism between the AC and Mo2C of Mo2C/AC provides more active sites for NO2 to NO, improving the reaction performance of the catalyst. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease on Left Ventricular Deformation and Atrioventricular Coupling in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Assessed by MRI
Authors: Huang Shan , Shi Ke , Li Yuan , Wang Jin , Jiang Li , Gao Yue , Yan Wei‐Feng , Shen Li‐Ting , Yang Zhi‐Gang 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was recently recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.PurposeTo examine the effect of MAFLD on cardiac function in metabolic syndrome by MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred seventy‐nine patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), 101 with MAFLD (MAFLD [+]) and 78 without (MAFLD [−]). Eighty‐one adults without any of the components of MetS or cardiac abnormalities were included as control group.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; balanced steady‐state free precession sequence.AssessmentLeft atrial (LA) strain was assessed during three phases: reservoir strain (LA‐RS), conduit strain (LA‐CS), and booster strain (LA‐BS). Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal (LV‐GLS) strain was also derived. The left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) was calculated as the ratio of LA end‐diastolic volume (LA‐EDV) and LV‐EDV.Statistical TestsStudent's t test or Mann–Whitney U test; One‐way analysis of variance. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong MetS patients, individuals with MAFLD had significantly lower magnitude LV‐GLS (−11.6% ± 3.3% vs. −13.8% ± 2.7%) than those without MAFLD. For LA strains, LA‐RS (36.9% ± 13.7% vs. 42.9% ± 13.5%) and LA‐CS (20.0% ± 10.6% vs. 24.1% ± 9.2%) were also significantly reduced in MAFLD (+) compared to MAFLD (−). The LACIs (17.2% [12.9–21.2] % vs. 15.8% [12.2–19.7] %) were significantly higher in patients with MAFLD compared to those without MAFLD. After adjustment for other clinical factors, MAFLD was found to be independently correlated with LV‐GLS (β = −0.270) and LACI (β = 0.260).Data ConclusionMAFLD had an unfavorable effect on LV myocardial strain in MetS. Moreover, LA strain and atrioventricular coupling were further impaired in patients with concomitant MAFLD compared to those without MAFLD. Last, MAFLD was independently associated with subclinical LV dysfunction and atrioventricular coupling after adjustment for other clinical factors.Evidence Level3Technical Efficacy3
Effects of characteristics of douchi during rapid fermentation and antioxidant activity using different starter cultures
Authors: Hou Hongwei , Zhou Wanting , Guo Lidan , Jia Shuang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Liping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a traditional Chinese condiment, douchi has attracted attention in Asian and European countries because of its high nutrient content and unique flavors. Douchi is currently produced mostly by natural fermentation. The quality of douchi produced in this way is affected by microbial species, temperature, humidity, and season, so the physical and chemical properties of the product, the content of flavor substances, and its safety vary. In this study, four safe strains with high protease activity, screened previously, namely Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lichtheimia ramosa, and Lichtheimia corymbifera, were used as starter cultures for douchi fermentation.RESULTSAfter 35 days, the results showed that the pH, titratable acids, free amino‐type nitrogen, amino acids, the total number of colonies, and neutral protease activity of all samples had reached an average level. Through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the content of key aroma substances aldehydes and esters was higher than in commercial douchi and the free amino acid content of douchi fermented by the four strains was three to five times that of commercial douchi. Douchi fermented by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens had more flavor substances and the highest 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐(2, 4, 6‐trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging rates of 92.4%. Four samples yielded total phenolic content and soy isoflavones in the range of 0.98–1.93 g kg−1 and 0.58–0.89 g kg−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that the use of a high‐protease activity starter to produce douchi can improve the quality of douchi to a certain extent. The douchi obtained using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens not only has a good flavor but also has a high level of antioxidant activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgical Excision Using Lymphosonography
Authors: Machado Priscilla , Liu Ji‐Bin , Needleman Laurence , Lazar Melissa , Willis Alliric I. , Brill Kristin , Nazarian Susanna , Berger Adam , Forsberg Flemming 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the efficacy of lymphosonography in the identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in post neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients with breast cancer scheduled to undergo surgical excision.MethodsSeventy‐nine subjects scheduled for breast cancer surgery with SLN excision completed this IRB‐approved study, out of which 18 (23%) underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. Subjects underwent percutaneous Sonazoid (GE Healthcare) injections around the tumor area for a total of 1.0 mL. Lymphosonography was performed using CPS on an S3000 HELX scanner (Siemens Healthineers) with a linear probe. Subjects received blue dye and radioactive tracer as part of their standard of care. Excised SLNs were classified as positive or negative for the presence of blue dye, radioactive tracer and Sonazoid. The results were compared between methods and pathology findings.ResultsSeventy‐two SLNs were surgically excised from 18 subjects, 29 were positive for blue dye, 63 were positive for radioactive tracer and 57 were positive for Sonazoid. Comparison with blue dye showed that both radioactive tracer and lymphosonography achieved an accuracy of 53% (P > .50). Comparison with radioactive tracer showed that blue dye had an accuracy of 53%, while lymphosonography achieved an accuracy of 67% (P < .01). Of the 72 SLNs, 15 were determined malignant by pathology; the detection rate was 47% for blue dye (7/15), 67% for radioactive tracer (10/15) and 100% for lymphosonography (15/15) (P < .001).ConclusionsLymphosonography achieved similar accuracy as radioactive tracer and higher accuracy than blue dye for identifying SLNs. The 15 SLNs positive for malignancy were all identified by lymphosonography.
Acceleration of Biodegradation Using Polymer Blends and Composites
Authors: Easton Zhong H. W. , Essink Mike A. J. , Rodriguez Comas Laura , Wurm Frederik R. , Gojzewski Hubert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiobased and biodegradable polymers are used in bioplastics as blends or composites of various materials to tune their physical properties but also influence their stability with respect to biodegradation. Biodegradable polymers are often not as biodegradable as they are claimed to be, especially due to different degradation conditions in soil, water, compost, or in vivo. Mixing such polymers with faster degrading polymers (blends) or fillers (composites) is a powerful strategy to adjust degradation rates. This review selects representative examples of bioplastic blends and composites in applications, such as tissue engineering, agriculture, or packaging, with a focus on controlling/accelerating the biodegradation rates. It also focuses on strategies such as hydrolysis enhancement, attraction of microbes for microbial degradation, pore forming fillers, or increase of phase separation in polymer mixtures. A basis for the prevention of microplastic formation or unwanted side effects with too slow degradation rates of biodegradable polymers is set.
Ligand‐Promoted [Pd]‐Catalyzed α‐Alkylation of Ketones through a Borrowing‐Hydrogen Approach
Authors: Manojveer Seetharaman , Garg Nitish K. , Gul Zarif , Kanwal Ayesha , Goriya Yogesh , Johnson Magnus T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA new class of palladium complexes bearing bidentate 2‐hydroxypyridine based ligands have been prepared and fully characterized. The applications of these new complexes towards ketone alkylation reactions with alcohols through a metal‐ligand cooperative borrowing‐hydrogen (BH) process were demonstrated.