bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-linked polyaniline network on highly-ordered nanopillar arrays integrated with microfluidics for rapid detection of calcium ions in small sample volumes
Authors: Park Ju Ha , Park Hong Jun , Jang Sung Tae , Kim Jueun , Yoon Jo Hee , Lee Kyoung G , Choi Bong Gill 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wearable sensor technology has garnered significant attention due to its considerable potential in personal healthcare and medical care. Various biomarkers present in human sweat, tears, and saliva can provide insights into an individual’s physiological state. However, the small volume of these noninvasive fluids poses challenges for the reliability and stability of sensor measurements. Efficient collection of body fluids and the use of nanostructured sensor electrodes is crucial for accurate detection. In this study, a cross-linked polyaniline network was synthesized directly onto highly ordered Au nanopillars. A potentiometric Ca2+ sensor was then fabricated using an as-synthesized nanoscale electrode, which was integrated into a microfluidic channel. The sensor exhibited a theoretical Nernst response (∼28.32 mV log−1[Ca2+]), a rapid response time (approximately <0.1 s), excellent repeatability, and high selectivity (all K

POT
values < 10−3). The microfluidic-integrated sensor exhibited good sensitivity for small samples of < 10 μl. Furthermore, an on-body wearable sensor test was performed to monitor real-time Ca2+ dynamics in human sweat during physical activity.
Symmetry adapted DVR approach using Cartesian basis
Authors: Suárez Eduardo , Lemus Renato 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A discrete variable representation (DVR) approach in the framework of the 2D Cartesian basis is studied to take into account the symmetry of both the potential and the basis. Three cases are analyzed: a rectangular well potential, where the basis carries the symmetry of the system, the circular potential, where the DVR points are not compatible with the boundary conditions of the potential, and a quartic potential in Cartesian coordinates. A truncation method of the basis is also proposed to assure rapid convergence. The computational time and memory involved in the calculations are drastically reduced when compared to previous analysis where the symmetry was taken into account using a different approach.
Geometrically constrained quantum dynamics: numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation on a comb
Authors: Kapetanoski Ognen , Petreska Irina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The comb model constitutes a simplified model for investigation of the dynamics in heterogeneous and anisotropic media and its implementation in the Schrödinger equation enables understanding of the wave packet spreading in such media. In this article, the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in the presence of comb-like geometric constraints is numerically solved. The comb-like constraints in the Hamiltonian are tailored by a modified Laplacian operator, which incorporates the Dirac delta function. To devise an appropriate numerical scheme, we regularize the Dirac delta function by its approximation of Gaussian form. Further, the finite difference method for spatial discretization and the fourth order Runge-Kutta method for the time evolution are employed. The obtained results for the wave function are compared with the analytical solutions, previously obtained in an infinite domain and a thorough analysis is carried out. The best comparison is found for short and intermediate time intervals. After validating the numerical scheme, we investigate the influence of the initial conditions on the probability density function (PDF). The TDSE was first solved with the initial conditions of Gaussian form, and then a comb-like shape of the initial wave function was proposed. The latter leads to pronounced localization in the narrow regions along the backbone, which disappears after a long time and resembles the similar behaviour of the PDF, as in the case of Gaussian initial condition. The numerical scheme developed in this work widens the applicability of the comb model for finite domains and nontrivial initial conditions, where analytical solution is not possible. Therefore, this improves the perspectives for modeling of the realistic experimental situations, where the domains are finite.
A new continuous optimization method of standardized cubic permanent magnets for stellarators
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Chen Dehong , Xu Guosheng , Lu Zhiyuan , Zhu Caoxiang , Chen Liang , Ye Minyou , Wan Baonian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stellarator configurations can be realized using permanent magnets in combination with tokamak-like planar coils. From the perspective of engineering feasibility and cost-effectiveness, using standardized cubic permanent magnets with a finite number of magnetization directions is particularly advantageous. However, optimizing the discrete magnetization directions of tens of thousands of cubic magnets poses a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel method that converts the discrete optimization problem into a continuous nonlinear optimization problem, enabling the direct application of well-established nonlinear optimization algorithms. This approach leverages a specially tailored continuous function to represent the magnetization moment and incorporates a penalty term to ensure the direction vector converges to one of the discrete points. Subsequently, a discrete solution for the magnetization direction distribution is derived by truncating the continuous solution and eliminating adjacent magnets with opposing magnetization directions. The proposed optimization method is validated using the ESTELL stellarator configuration as a case study. The results demonstrate that the designed distribution of cubic permanent magnets can accurately reproduce the intended magnetic field configuration.
Tailless control of a four-winged flapping-wing micro air vehicle with wing twist modulation
Authors: Park Heetae , Kim Seungkeun , Suk Jinyoung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper describes the tailless control system design of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle in a four-winged configuration, which can provide high control authority to be stable and agile in flight conditions from hovering to maneuvering flights. The tailless control system consists of variable flapping frequency and wing twist modulation. The variable flapping frequency creates rolling moments through differential vertical force from flapping mechanisms that can be independently driven on the left and right sides. The wing twist modulation changes wing tension, resulting in vertical and horizontal force variations during one flap cycle and generating pitching and yaw moments. We presume that the wing geometry and implementation method of wing-root actuation are related to the control authority of wing twist modulation. Then, the control system’s performance is analyzed for various wing geometries and implementation methods, including wing length, leading-edge thickness, camber angle, and vein configuration. Furthermore, the cross-coupling effect is examined for the wing twist modulation, and a control surface interconnect is designed to compensate for the decrease of pitch control authority and adverse rolling moment. The refined wing and control mechanism demonstrated its high control authority without significant loss of vertical force and power efficiency. The flight experiments validated that the control system based on wing twist modulation is suitable for four-winged flapping-wing micro air vehicles, providing sufficient control moment and minimizing the cross-coupling effect.
Fast because it’s just: fostering acceptance to accelerate sustainability transitions in coal-dependent regions
Authors: de Brauwer Cristian Pons-Seres , Yanguas Parra Paola Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Coal-dependent communities and regions are at the frontline of the global energy transition, with net-zero scenarios requiring unprecedented sharp decreases in coal use and production in the next few decades. Rapid decarbonization in these ‘coal-dependent’ regions can result in high disruptiveness and trigger socio-political resistance across both the acceleration of coal phase-outs (decline) and clean energy phase-ins (diffusion). Lack of social acceptance (SA) stands as a critical bottleneck risking slowing down the pace of the transition. Governance strategies seeking the acceleration of coal transitions will therefore need to strike a delicate balance between disruptiveness and acceptance. We argue that fostering acceptance, for instance through just transition (JT) policies, does not simply serve as a means to pursue ‘just’ transition processes, but rather as a fundamental acceleration strategy for decline and diffusion dynamics that unfold simultaneously. To substantiate this argument, we conduct a narrative review cutting across the literature on JTs and SA of renewables’ innovations, and reinterpret them using a socio-technical (sustainability) transition perspective to outline three core propositions: (i) justice perceptions underlie acceptance; (ii) acceptance precedes reorientation; (iii) reorientation as a transition acceleration strategy. We then outline an integrative research agenda to renew the scientific focus towards the interconnections between justice-acceptance-acceleration in the ongoing transitions in coal-dependent regions and elsewhere.
Feasibility of anchoring active fixation quadripolar lead to the main body of the dilated coronary sinus in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava: a case report
Authors: Taguchi Yuka , Hosoda Junya , Horigome Akira , Ishikawa Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Coronary sinus (CS) lead placement in persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) cases is challenging because of the poor backup force of the guiding catheter within the enlarged CS. Active fixation Quadripolar leads (Attain Stability™ Quad 4798, Medtronic) can expand choice to CS branches with limited access; however, no cases of anchoring to the main body of the CS have been published to date.

Case summary
We describe a case of cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker upgrade in a 79-year-old female who developed pacing-induced cardiomyopathy after pacemaker implantation via the right superior vena cava (SVC) for atrioventricular block eight years ago wherein PLSVC was revealed during the procedure. Retrograde giant CS angiography via SVC confirmed the lateral vein ostium. Attain Stability Quadripolar lead was selected; however, due to the tortuousness and stenosis of the target vein, the proximal electrodes could not advance into the target vein. Therefore, the side helix between the third and fourth electrodes was crimped to the anterior wall of the giant CS using the distal end curve of the subselection catheter and successfully screwed into the main body of the CS. At more than 6 months, left ventricular ejection fraction improved without lead dislodgement.

Discussion
Fixation of CS lead to the main body of the dilated CS was feasible by devising a guiding catheter and a subselection catheter. Nevertheless, the safety of active fixation lead retraction after long-term indwelling in CS is unknown and it should be carefully considered.
Multiple physiological response analyses of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to silver nanoparticles, ciprofloxacin, and their combination
Authors: Romero N , Kergaravat S V , Regaldo L , Hernández S R , Seabra A B , Ferreira F F , Lourenço I M , Castro G R , Gagneten A M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) can be considered an alternative to combat multidrug-resistant microbial infections. However, knowledge about their combined toxicity is scarce after being released in an aquatic environment. The present study evaluated the individual toxicity of AgNPs and CIP and their combined toxicity on the unicellular green microalga Chlorella vulgaris, evaluating cellular responses and conducting metabolomic analysis. The median effective concentrations at 96 h (EC50-96h) for AgNPs, CIP, and the mixture were 132 µg L−1, 7000 µg L−1, and 452 µg L−1, respectively. CIP exhibited a synergistic effect with AgNPs. The toxic ranking for C. vulgaris was AgNPs &gt; AgNPs + CIP &gt; CIP. The growth rate was the most evident parameter of toxicity. Cell diameter significantly increased (p &lt; 0.001) at 96 hours for the highest concentrations tested of AgNPs, CIP, and the mixture, with increases of 24%, 41%, and 19%, respectively, compared to the control. Photosynthetic pigment analyses revealed that C. vulgaris upregulated chlorophyll, carotenoids, and pheophytin. Cell exposure to CIP caused an SOS response involving increased protein and carbohydrate concentrations to tolerate antibiotic stress. Exposure to AgNPs and CIP increased catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity, but the mixture decreased the activity. AgNPs increased malondialdehyde content in exposed cells due to fatty acid peroxidation. These pollutants revealed their potential risks in interfering with survival and metabolism. Our findings highlight the possible hazards of co-pollutants at environmentally relevant quantities, providing insights into the individual and combined ecotoxicity of AgNPs and CIP.
GWAS-assisted and multitrait genomic prediction for improvement of seed yield and canning quality traits in a black bean breeding panel
Authors: Izquierdo Paulo , Wright Evan M , Cichy Karen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have gained popularity in the United States, with improved seed yield and canning quality being critical traits for new cultivars. Achieving genetic gains in these traits is often challenging due to negative trait associations and the need for specialized equipment and trained sensory panels for evaluation. This study investigates the integration of genomics and phenomics to enhance selection accuracy for these complex traits. We evaluated the prediction accuracy of single-trait (ST) and multitrait (MT) genomic prediction (GP) models, incorporating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data and markers identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The models demonstrated moderate prediction accuracies for yield and canning appearance (App) and high accuracies for color retention. No significant differences were found between ST and MT models within the same breeding cycle. However, across breeding cycles, MT models outperformed ST models by up to 45 and 63% for canning App and seed yield, respectively. Interestingly, incorporating significant SNP markers identified by GWAS and NIRS data into the models tended to decrease prediction accuracy both within and between breeding cycles. As genotypes from the new breeding cycle were included, the models' prediction accuracy generally increased. Our findings underscore the potential of MT models to enhance the prediction of complex traits such as seed yield and canning quality in dry beans and highlight the importance of continually updating the training dataset for effective GP implementation in dry bean breeding.
Multi-technique estimation of ice mass balance in Greenland: impact of the uncertainties on firn densification and GIA models
Authors: Sanchez Lofficial Ana , Métivier Laurent , Fleitout Luce , Chanard Kristel , Greff-Lefftz Marianne , de La Serve Maylis , Gauer Louis-Marie , Gourrion Emma 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
We conduct a comprehensive comparison of ice mass balance (IMB) estimates for Greenland derived from satellite observations of ice surface elevation changes (SEC), gravity and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations. Our analysis integrates data from the ICESat and CryoSat-2 satellite altimetry missions, augmented by optical stereo-imagery for peripheral glaciers, and GRACE satellite gravimetry mission, spanning the 2003–2008 and 2011–2015 periods. We also consider three firn densification models (FDM) and five glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models for correcting the data sets for these effects when necessary. Our results reveal significant differences among FDM corrections applied to SEC observations, with particularly large variations in IMB estimates reaching up to 90 Gt yr−1. To address this, we develop an innovative method for estimating equivalent firn corrections to the ice elevation observations, based on a least-squares fit of filtered ice SEC observations to GRACE mass-change estimates. This approach is both simple and independent from climate models assumptions and shows minimal sensitivity to GIA model differences. Using this method, we estimate IMBs for Greenland at −217.6 $\pm$ 15.7 Gt yr−1 for 2003–2008 and −253.2 $\pm$ 18.8 Gt yr−1 for 2011–2015. Importantly, these values indicate an acceleration of the thinning rate, not consistently captured by the IMB estimates inferred from the ice SEC observations corrected by FDMs. Finally, we compute elastic ground deformation induced by ice mass change during 2011–2015, using the four proposed mass-variation distributions and compare the predicted vertical velocities with GNSS observations in Greenland, accounting for all GIA models. While all models are consistent with most of the GNSS-derived uplift rates, they cannot fully explain the observed vertical velocities, especially in the South-East Greenland, which confirms the need to refine our understanding of GIA contributions in this region.
A multicriteria decision-making model for the selection of conventional/hybrid coagulants in water treatment
Authors: Ozgur Cihan , Gurhan Abdi Bozkurt , Kaplan Bekaroglu Sehnaz Sule 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The coagulation process is a well-known process that has been used in water treatment for many years. The coagulation process shows treatment efficiency in terms of turbidity and suspended solids removal. However, despite good results, coagulant selection is not an easy task. A coagulant can effectively remove suspended solids but, at the same time, increase conductivity; coagulants can also significantly increase chemical sludge production. The final selection of coagulants depends on the importance attributed to the parameter desired to be removed. In this study, the use of multicriteria decision-making is proposed to help select organic coagulants and hybrid coagulants, which have emerged as an alternative to inorganic coagulants in recent years due to the disadvantages of chemical coagulants and whose use and variety are increasing. Therefore, starting from the parameters determined by coagulation process results, these techniques allow weighting these parameters according to the judgments of drinking water treatment plant professionals and determining priorities among coagulants. The agreement between the obtained results and the literature shows that the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method is a useful tool for selecting coagulants. According to the results of the AHP matrix created with four criteria and nine alternatives, it was found that hybrid coagulants with similar performance to inorganic coagulants have not yet been adopted by drinking water treatment professionals. This may have been due to the higher price of hybrid coagulants and the fact that they are not yet widely used in the drinking water industry.
Country of origin and prices of systemic antibiotics in Vietnam: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Dat Vu Quoc 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Local production of antibiotics is essential for improving access to treatment of clinical infection and avoiding vulnerability to expensive drug imports.

Objectives
To describe the country of origin and cost of antibiotics in Vietnam.

Methods
This was an observational study. Antibiotic procurement in 372 healthcare facilities in Vietnam between 2018 and 2022 were included in this analysis. Antibiotics were classified using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Index and the 2021 WHO Access, Watch and Reserve groups. The country of origin of antibiotics was determined by the place where the final products were manufactured. Antibiotic costs were estimated in US dollars per DDD and adjusted by annual inflation.

Results
This study included 2.54 billion antibiotic DDDs, totalling 3.13 billion US dollars. Local production accounted for 80.2% of the number of DDDs and 43.4% of the total expenditure. The antibiotics from other countries were driven by imports from high-income countries, which accounted for 75.5% of DDDs and 89.6% of the expenditure on imported antibiotics. Availability of Reserve group antibiotics was more dependent on imports from high-income countries (36.6% of DDDs) than those of Access (15.7% of DDDs) and Watch group antibiotics (14.2% of DDDs).

Conclusions
A comprehensive policy approach is needed to ensure the affordability and to reduce dependency on imported Reserve group antibiotics.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibody VRC07–523LS in Newborn Infants Exposed to HIV-1
Authors: Cunningham Coleen K , McFarland Elizabeth J , Muresan Petronella , Capparelli Edmund V , Perlowski Charlotte , Johnston Benjamin , Bone Frederic , Purdue Lynette , Yin Dwight E , Moye Jack , Spiegel Hans M L , Majji Sai , Theron Gerhard B , Mujuru Hilda A , Purswani Murli , Alvarez Grace , Deville Jaime G , Chambers Carrie , Brown Emily , Harding Paul A , Tobin Nicole H , Low Kwang , Gama Lucio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Vertical HIV-1 transmission despite antiretroviral therapy may be mitigated by the use of long-acting, broadly neutralizing, monoclonal antibodies (bNAb) such as VRC07–523LS. The present study was designed to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of VRC07–523LS.

Methods
VRC07–523LS, 80 mg/dose, was administered subcutaneously after birth to non-breastfed (cohort 1; N = 11, enrolled in USA) and breastfed (cohort 2; N = 11, enrolled in South Africa and Zimbabwe) infants exposed to HIV-1. Breastfed infants (cohort 2) received a second 100-mg dose at 12 weeks if still receiving breastmilk. All infants received antiretroviral prophylaxis in addition to VRC07–523LS. VRC07–523LS levels were compared to VRC01 levels, as determined previously in this study.

Results
Local reactions (all grade ≤ 2) occurred after dose 1 in 18% of infants in cohort 1 and after doses 1 and 2 in 100% of infants in cohort 2. The VRC07–523LS dose at birth (mean 26 mg/kg) achieved a mean ± SD plasma level of 222.3 ± 71.6 mcg/mL by 24 hours and 18.4 ± 7.2 mcg/mL at week 12, prior to dose 2. The pre-established target of ≥ 10 mcg/mL at week 12 was met in 94% of infants. The terminal half-life of VRC07–523LS was observed to be 39.2 ± 5.0 days. At week 4 and week 8, bNAb levels were significantly higher (P ≤ .002) after one dose of VRC07–523LS, compared to one dose of VRC01 (20 mg/kg). No infant included in the study acquired HIV-1.

Conclusions
VRC07–523LS was well tolerated with pharmacokinetics that support further studies of potent long-acting bNAbs together with antiretrovirals to prevent HIV-1 acquisition in infants.