bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Genetics Applied to Copepods
Authors: Miller Charles B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ann Bucklin’s career path included early application to copepods of most newly available molecular genetic techniques from the late 1970s into the 2020s. Chapter 18 follows that path, showing the progression of ways that molecular genetics have contributed to copepodology. After reviewing her education, technique examples are offered. Gel electrophoresis allowed identification of enzymes distinctive between individuals, sometimes demonstrating (or refuting) species or subspecies relationships. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and progressions in DNA sequencing took such demonstrations to a new level. Sequence differences can serve as taxonomic characters, leading to better estimates of relationship level, thus more accurate evolutionary trees. Ann produced many examples and better ones as sequencing techniques were improved and automated. She had a major role in organizing copepod experts to gather volumes of copepod mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequences, which are serving as species “bar codes.” Some of her results are presented in molecular (e.g., . . .ACTTGCAG . . . ) detail. She has sponsored as postdocs many of the molecular geneticists currently active in copepodology. Text boxes explain the “central dogma” of molecular genetics and basis of PCR.
A Safe, Supportive Environment
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The 18 attendings all create a safe and supportive learning environment but used various strategies to do so. The attendings provide positive feedback and are completely engaged during rounds. They make themselves available to learners and are eager to help them. The attendings also get to know the learners on a personal level in order to build trusting relationships with their teams. The attendings admit their own mistakes and welcome challenges from learners, demonstrating their conviction that a mistake is a prime learning experience. Learners engage in clinical decision-making knowing that their attending will support and protect them in case of an oversight.
Role Models
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Attending physicians are their learners’ role models. One survey found that most of a medical school’s graduating class listed one or more physician role models identified during medical school, and that two-thirds of students had received career advice and counseling from these role models. Attendings often hold themselves to a higher standard than they do their learners. Role modeling is an important part of the teaching process and includes demonstrating how to be a lifelong learner, maintaining professionalism in the face of adversity, and acknowledging the emotional toll caring for patients can have on oneself. Humor with both learners and patients was common among the attendings, as was expressing the joys of being a doctor.
Mentors and Sponsors
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The role of a mentor greatly parallels that of a physician as it pertains to differences in power dynamic (between patient and provider and between mentor and mentee) and the care taken to guide or heal the other individual. Mentors are proved to play a key role in influencing learners and their choices of specialty. Yet many often feel that they don’t have the time to put into mentoring someone. This chapter discusses the variety of methods by which one can act as a mentor—whether it is through being a sponsor, coach, connector, or traditional mentor. Understanding what the mentee needs from the mentor is key to a successful mentoring relationship and is enriching for both parties.
The Pipe Organ
Authors: Mitchell James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This book is a guide to composing for the pipe organ. Many contemporary music commissions come from organists, orchestras (which often employ an organist part-time), and church, cathedral, and chapel choirs (where the organ is the main accompanying instrument). However, there are currently very few resources available for composers, and so many organ compositions do not explore the instrument’s full potential. This book explains how to write idiomatically for the instrument, both explaining basic notation and demonstrating the extent of organ virtuosity by drawing on organ music from the past 500 years. Through practical analysis of previous repertoire, this composer’s guide for the organ shows not only what the organ was, or what it is, but also what it can be.
Introduction to the Organ
Authors: Mitchell James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a general introduction to the organ and is aimed at composers who are completely unfamiliar with the instrument. It is intended to provide a foundation for the rest of the book, setting out the fundamental terminology needed to understand the subsequent chapters. “Organ Building Trends” looks at common variations in organ design, including the differences between modern and historical organs (e.g., in tuning and temperament). “Common Mistakes” details the most common errors composers (both organists and non-organists) make when writing for organ. Finally, a section is dedicated to extended techniques, including a detailed description of their execution and viability in practical situations.
Registration
Authors: Mitchell James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers a detailed overview of registration, the art of choosing and changing stops on the organ. The ‘Overview’ explains the most relevant aspects for composers, such as the most common approaches for notating registration in the score. It will then describe the main information found on a typical organ stop, which will provide the basis for indicating more complex registrations. The ‘Main Stop Categories’ and ‘Other Stop Categories’ sections detail the most common types of stop, their sound, any special features and examples of their use in the repertoire. ‘Couplers’ explains the function, importance, and most common types of organ couplers (the stops that connect the manuals to each other). Finally, ‘Registration Aids’ describes the most frequently available types of registration aid (the devices which help organists change registration quickly) and their practical relevance to composers.
Other Types of Organ
Authors: Mitchell James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter talks about the most common variants of organ outside of the typical pipe organ: the chamber organ, harmonium, theatre organ, and the Hammond organ. Each instrument has a dedicated section explaining in depth their sound, notation, and value for composers, while musical examples are used where possible to provide starting points for further exploration. Most of these instruments are rarely discussed at the same time as regular pipe organs, so this chapter links together the various musical worlds these instruments inhabit, encouraging composers not only to explore these remarkable instruments but also, through them, to think differently about the pipe organ itself.
The Organ in Ensemble
Authors: Mitchell James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter will look at how to combine the instrument effectively with various ensembles. The organ is commonly used to accompany and support choral singing, and so the pairing of organ and choir is considered first. This chapter then examines the organ in orchestral contexts (including organ concertos and other works for organ and orchestra) before finally exploring how to use the organ in chamber contexts. For each section, the main focus is on repertoire analysis, providing clear examples of how the organ has been used, which composers can then explore and study. Practical points such as balancing the organ in an ensemble will also be explained, offering more detailed insights which repertoire analysis alone cannot cover.
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Authors: Higgins Michael Denis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAbout two thousand years ago, Philo of Byzantium wrote that “Everyone knows of the renowned Seven Wonders of the World, but few have set eyes on them”—he was thinking about transportation problems but today we can’t see them because most no longer exist. Hence, if we want to imagine these iconic monuments and the communities that built them, then we must rely on ancient descriptions and modern research. In this book, I have brought together science, engineering, and technology to deepen our understanding of the Wonders: their geographic and geological context, what they looked like, how they were built, the materials used, and the forces that led to their demise.
Introduction
Authors: Higgins Michael Denis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were originally a sort of “bucket” list of must-see monuments chosen for their grandeur, and this compilation still resonates today. Some people have sought a link between the Wonders and Alexander the Great, although he did not build any of them. All of the Wonders are gone except for the Pyramids, so we must rely on scarce ancient accounts, augmented with scientific studies, to understand their context, the materials used in their construction, and the forces that finally damaged or destroyed them. Earth science figures prominently in modern studies of the Wonders: the wealth and resources needed for construction were controlled by the physical environment, as well as the forces of destruction and burial. Climate and soil determined the agricultural wealth of communities and rapid changes, not dissimilar to those we are now experiencing, had a powerful influence on cultural resilience. Finally, some legends may be geomyths, real events recast as stories.
John Locke's Theology
Authors: Marko Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
John Locke’s Theology: An Ecumenical, Irenic, and Controversial Project argues that Locke’s intent for The Reasonableness of Christianity, his most noted theological work, was to describe and defend his version of the foundational or fundamental doctrines of Christianity and not his own personal theological views. He intended the work to be an ecumenical and irenic project during a very controversial time in philosophy and theology. He described what qualifies one as a Christian in the simplest and most irenic terms and argued for the necessity of Scripture and the reasonableness of God’s means of conveying His authoritative messages. Thus, Locke thought that revelation and the promulgated redemption are eminently reasonable. He argued for the simplicity of the Christian faith, to which the uneducated and the laborers could assent. His project could be construed as personal, or individually focused, in the sense that through it he foisted the burden of understanding the Bible and arriving at theological convictions on the autonomous individual, including the uneducated, and rejected basing one’s doctrinal opinions on so-called authorities. His work was inadvertently controversial, in part, because then, like today, readers typically failed to make a distinction between Locke’s personal and programmatic positions. The book also points to other places in Locke’s corpus where he attempts to avoid advocating for a particular sectarian position in his treatment of theological doctrines. This helps explain the difficulty scholarship has had in labeling Locke along the lines of a particular Christian sect.
Introduction
Authors: Marko Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter serves as an introduction to the book, offering a description of problems in Lockean scholarship, the book’s overall argument and approach, and more. Locke scholarship tends to be compartmentalized, which is problematic because Locke was a systematic polymath. Scholarship also tends to oversimplify the intense debates in which Locke found himself. Furthermore, scholars typically fail to make a distinction between Locke’s programmatic and personal views. As a result of these tendencies, some label Locke as heterodox, others as orthodox, and still others try to identify him as defending a particular sect, all depending on the narrative or issue the scholar is exploring. Most Lockean scholars approach him as being religiously surreptitious, sectarian, or sincere. This book adds to the voices that think Locke was forthright in his writings. This chapter also articulates the thesis for the entire book and the theses and coherence of the following chapters.
John Locke’s Preoccupation with Theology and Eternal Salvation in His “Non-Theological” Works
Authors: Marko Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of Locke’s major works and argues that Locke’s major “non-theological” works demonstrate a sincere preoccupation with Biblical Christianity, especially eternal salvation, the primary focus of The Reasonableness of Christianity. Thus, theology in general and soteriology in particular cannot be ignored in studying Locke’s corpus. The recurring theological and soteriological themes and related concerns are evidence of Locke being a rather systematic and meticulous polymath. The works touched upon in this chapter are The Reasonableness of Christianity, Two Treatises on Civil Government, A Letter Concerning Toleration, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, and Some Thoughts Concerning Education.
John Locke on Justification and Some Concomitant Doctrines
Authors: Marko Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 situates The Reasonableness of Christianity (ROC) in the context of the justification debates of Locke’s era and controversies focusing on the doctrines of Christ and the Holy Spirit. It argues that Locke’s presentation of justification, the primary topic in ROC, and the soteriological framework in which it is placed is intended to be broad enough to encompass all “Christian” views on the topics except antinomian ones. Much the same can be said of his Christology and Pneumatology. The focus of ROC is not Locke’s personal views of justification, the broader doctrine of salvation, or any other theological topic. Locke intended for the work to be ecumenical and irenic in its core. There are some red herrings within the work that misdirected scholars then and now.
John Locke and the “Free Will” Controversies
Authors: Marko Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 anchors Locke’s famed chapter “Of Power” in the Essay into the multivalent free will controversies in Locke’s era. It also builds upon James Harris’s understanding of Locke’s free will chapter in Harris’s excellent work, Of Liberty and Necessity. My chapter contends that “Of Power” is not a metaphysical pronouncement but a description of our experience of freedom of the will. Two key pieces of evidence are addressed that support this claim: (1) an admission by Locke in his correspondence that he was trying to avoid metaphysical pronouncement in the chapter; and (2) the theological message of “Of Power” and his development of it eludes sectarian categorization by a shrewd avoidance of theological issues not unrelated to the metaphysical question of human free agency.
Can One Assent to The Doctrine of the Trinity According to Lockean Epistemological Principles?
Authors: Marko Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 builds upon Chapter 8 but focuses on different historical phenomena: the loose tradition or philosophical approach known as the “way of ideas” and the 1690s debates over the doctrine of the Holy Trinity. The chapter argues that while there are comments Locke makes, positions he takes, and qualifications made by critics that could be added to his published thought to make his epistemology accepting of incomprehensible doctrines, including the Trinity, there are other positions Locke takes and appropriators’ interpretations and adaptations of his thought that are incompatible with the acceptance of incomprehensible doctrines. He could have given clarity to his position if he were reading his appropriators and their critics, but he offered none. Thus, the chapter affirms the hesitancy of those Locke scholars who are wary of making a definitive pronouncement on Locke’s orthodoxy on the Trinity.
Gilligan and Captain Kirk Have More in Common Than You Think
Authors: Pinedo Isabel C. , Phillips W. D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A number of mid-1960s prime-time television programs such as Batman (1966–69) and The Monkees (1966–68) seemed to not just allow, but to encourage viewing practices that transcended infantilized conceptualizations of that era’s television audiences. This chapter, a reprint of the original article (2018) in Journal of Popular Television, argues such programs constitute a significant and unhistoricized set of predecessors to contemporary Cult television. Analyzing audience interpretive practices and the set of textual characteristics that facilitated and encouraged such participatory and interpretive activities, we identify a relatively cohesive group of programs, all of which premiered in that period, that we retrospectively nominate as “Camp TV.” These shows’ distinguishing narrative elements, namely the surreal humor of Green Acres (1965–71), satire of Get Smart (1965–70), exaggerated clichés of Batman, and anarchic character of The Monkees, appealed to a youth audience and lent themselves to multiple readings and viewing practices similar to those that would come to greater fruition with the later development of Cult TV.
Wearing French Cuffs to a Gunfight
Authors: Hoffman Emily 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The series of shorts from The Yogi Bear Show (1961) featuring Snagglepuss, the pink mountain lion, intersect with recent scholarship on the traits of mid-1960s Camp TV and the prevalence of queer guest stars at that time. Snagglepuss repackaged the cat-and-mouse chase antics of Hanna-Barbera’s Tom and Jerry cartoons. Now, however, it is the cat that is hunted, and this is the crux of Snagglepuss’s camp meaning. Invariably, he is threatened with gun violence and his survival depends on him passing as straight. The cartoons regularly depict Snagglepuss’s struggles to assimilate into masculine communities, like the Wild West, by disguising his flamboyant pinkness. Adding to this, his theatricality is motivated by a desire for Hollywood stardom. This chapter ultimately reads Snagglepuss, in part, as a cautionary tale of Hollywood’s closeted midcentury gay labor that feared exposure in the industry and in a city committed to intimidation and violence against homosexuals.
How the West Was Fun
Authors: Miller Cynthia J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the mid-1960s, F Troop utilized self-conscious humor, along with the physical comedy of vaudeville, to spin a comic tale of life in a frontier cavalry fort. The series’ cast of misfits and shady characters poked fun at canonical US history, authority, social class, racial and ethnic stereotypes, and normative gender roles, all pivoting around issues of masculinity and patriarchy. This chapter situates the series in the sociopolitical context of the 1960s and examines the ways in which F Troop and its characters both mirrored and grappled with the era’s shifts in American idealized masculinity, from rugged archetypes to “softer” models that privilege intellect. This chapter also illustrates how, as part of this shifting constellation of ideologies, the series engaged with long-held notions about the gendering of the wilderness and Anglo–Indigenous relationships and, in so doing, both mocked and reinforced notions of Manifest Destiny and the Myth of the Frontier.
Can TV Music Be Camp?
Authors: Wissner Reba A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Susan Sontag writes, “Camp taste has an affinity for certain arts rather than others. . . . Concert music . . . is rarely Camp. It offers no opportunity, say, for a contrast between silly or extravagant content and rich form.” She further notes though that while the operas of Richard Strauss and musical genres such as Tin Pan Alley and some popular music can be camp, the music dramas of Richard Wagner and genres like jazz cannot. Where, then, does television music fall? A close examination of the musical scores of several 1960s programs reveals that they have certain affinities with camp aesthetics—exaggerated style, unique instrumentation, and outlandish musical vocabularies—and the music is thus crucial to the experience of these camp texts. This chapter will survey 1960s TV episodes to investigate how the camp style in 1960s television music was constructed and examine its contribution to these programs’ overall camp aesthetic.
Flipper’s (1964–67) Dark Camp
Authors: Morgan Nicholas C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Flipper (1964–67) differentiated itself from its self-consciously camp contemporaries via its emphasis on authenticity and commitment to nature over culture. Nonetheless, it was then and still remains—especially in the context of the larger 1960s television landscape—legible to viewers as camp. This chapter identifies Flipper’s camp as “dark camp,” in the sense that it retains ambivalence, the painful, and the repellent alongside other, lighter affects more frequently associated with camp and especially Camp TV. In Flipper, queerly coded antagonists are linked with both the illicit and the campy; at the same time, its attempts to vilify camp and queer figures conflict with its homosocial structure, pervading aestheticism, and homoerotic visual content. Responses from fans and visual artists working since the early 1990s demonstrate a cult-like following for Flipper attuned to this dark camp, understood as a dialectical process in which stigma is recognized but also destabilized.
Afterword
Authors: Hills Matt 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Afterword positions this study of Camp TV in relation to other scholarly considerations of subcultural forms and audiences. It invokes Susan Sontag and Pierre Bourdieu to discuss the cultural and subcultural capital of Camp TV. This discussion expands broadly into issues of cult, kitsch, paracinema, trash, and other admixtures of textual content and contextual/audience activations which have helped to determine the theoretical approaches found throughout this collection. Rather than analyzing and contextualizing Camp TV itself, which is the work of the individual chapters and the objective of the collection as a whole, the Afterword contextualizes the scholarship on Camp TV by placing the essays assembled here within the broader scope of subcultural analyses both inside and outside of television studies.
Language, Science, and Structure
Authors: Nefdt Ryan M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This book explores the philosophy of linguistics from the perspective of the philosophy of science. It adapts and develops a version of structural realism in order to address issues of linguistic structure, ontology, and scientific progress. The chief insight of the book is that languages are real patterns found in special kinds of biological systems. Importantly, many of the theories and achievements of Chomskyan generative grammar and biolinguistics can be retained within this new understanding of the field. Nevertheless, aspects of inferentialism, sociolinguistics and 4E cognition now deserve renewed attention within a theory of language. Methodologically, this makes linguistics a complexity science and opens up a world of resources and scientific approaches to the study of natural language. The philosophical account offered draws from theoretical linguistics, computational linguistics, the philosophies of science, mathematics, language, and cognitive science to bring forth a unified picture of a previously disparate discipline. This work will be especially useful to scholars interested in one of the most unique aspects of human nature, our ability to produce and understand language, and the science that studies it.