bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Midlatitude Cyclones in the Emission, Transport, Production, and Removal of Aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Robinson Joseph , Jaeglé Lyatt , Oman Luke D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe examine the distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) across 27,707 northern hemisphere (NH) midlatitude cyclones for 2005–2018 using retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on the Aqua satellite. Cyclone‐centered composites show AOD enhancements of 20%–45% relative to background conditions in the warm conveyor belt (WCB) airstream. Fine mode AOD accounts for 68% of this enhancement annually. Relative to background conditions, coarse mode AOD is enhanced by more than a factor of two near the center of the composite cyclone, co‐located with high surface wind speeds. Within the WCB, MODIS AOD maximizes in spring, with a secondary maximum in summer. Cyclone‐centered composites of AOD from the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 Global Modeling Initiative (M2GMI) simulation reproduce the magnitude and seasonality of the MODIS AOD composites and enhancements. M2GMI simulations show that the AOD enhancement in the WCB is dominated by sulfate (37%) and organic aerosol (25%), with dust and sea salt each accounting for 15%. MODIS and M2GMI AOD are 60% larger in North Pacific WCBs compared to North Atlantic WCBs and show a strong relationship with anthropogenic pollution. We infer that NH midlatitude cyclones account for 355 Tg yr−1 of sea salt aerosol emissions annually, or 60% of the 30–80°N total. We find that deposition within WCBs is responsible for up to 35% of the total aerosol deposition over the NH ocean basins. Furthermore, the cloudy environment of WCBs leads to efficient secondary sulfate production.
Radiocarbon Constraints on Carbon Release From the Antarctic Ice Sheet Into the Amundsen Sea Embayment
Authors: Fang Ling , Kim Minkyoung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Amundsen Sea Embayment in West Antarctica is experiencing rapid ice mass loss, resulting in biogeochemical changes via altered nutrient and organic matter supply. However, organic carbon released from melting ice has not yet been accurately quantified. In this paper, we have integrated new dissolved organic carbon (DOC) data obtained close to the melting Dotson Ice Shelf (DIS) with published radiocarbon (Δ14C) data on sinking and suspended particulate organic carbon (POC), sedimentary OC, DOC and dissolved inorganic carbon to quantify the effect of ice melt to the carbon cycle. Elevated DOC concentrations in deep water near the DIS indicate the transport of carbon sources from the ice shelf to the water column at a rate of 4.6 ± 2.0 × 1010 g C yr−1. Furthermore, Δ14C‐DOC measurements suggest there is a possible dark chemoautotrophic production under the influence of meltwater input. The vertical profile of Δ14C in the sedimentary OC from the Sea Ice Zone and the edge of the DIS demonstrates the presence of aged organic carbon sources during warm episodes at ∼11.5 and 15.9 ka BP. Our study indicates that deep water is not only affected by OC discharge from meltwater but also by biological processes due to altered nutrient inputs. Limited data hampers a precise assessment of the influence of meltwater on the carbon cycle. Further sampling in front of the DIS will be beneficial to enhance our understanding of the role of Antarctic Ice Sheet melting in the downstream ecosystem.
Microfabrication of functional polyimide films and microstructures for flexible MEMS applications
Authors: Dong Zihao , He Qipei , Shen Dawei , Gong Zheng , Zhang Deyuan , Zhang Wenqiang , Ono Takahito , Jiang Yonggang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolyimides are widely used in the MEMS and flexible electronics fields due to their combined physicochemical properties, including high thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance values. In the past decade, rapid progress has been made in the microfabrication of polyimides. However, enabling technologies, such as laser-induced graphene on polyimide, photosensitive polyimide micropatterning, and 3D polyimide microstructure assembly, have not been reviewed from the perspective of polyimide microfabrication. The aims of this review are to systematically discuss polyimide microfabrication techniques, which cover film formation, material conversion, micropatterning, 3D microfabrication, and their applications. With an emphasis on polyimide-based flexible MEMS devices, we discuss the remaining technological challenges in polyimide fabrication and possible technological innovations in this field.
Protein and growth during the first year of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Milani Gregorio P. , Edefonti Valeria , De Cosmi Valentina , Bettocchi Silvia , Mazzocchi Alessandra , Silano Marco , Pietrobelli Angelo , Agostoni Carlo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Dietary protein intake in the first year of life might influence later growth. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the growth effects of interventions based on infant formula composition providing different amounts of protein within the first year of life of healthy term infants; in the absence of other comparable information over the investigated period, a meta-analysis further compared weight or length gain at 120 days from high- (>2.0 g/100 kcal) and low-protein (≤2.0 g/100 kcal) content formula groups. Twelve papers (n = 2275) were included and five of them (n = 677) contributed to the meta-analysis. Most studies compared a high-protein formula, a low-protein formula, and breastfeeding. Evidence from the systematic review was inconclusive due to heterogeneity in design and treatments. In the presence of modest heterogeneity but in the absence of publication bias, the weighted mean difference for weight gain at 120 days was –0.02 g/day (95% CI: –1.41, 1.45); with higher heterogeneity, the weighted MD estimate of length gain at 120 days was 0.004 cm/month (95% CI: –0.26, 0.27). Although limited and underpowered, evidence from the meta-analysis does not support the assumption that high- vs. low-protein content formulas during exclusive milk-feeding lead to different growth outcomes in the first months of life. Prospero registration number: CRD42017058535.

Impact

The optimal amount of dietary protein that should be given to healthy full-term infants early in life is still debated.

Despite heterogeneity in study design, treatments, and outcomes, this systematic review showed that there is no clear-cut effect on the growth of different amounts of protein intake from formulas or complementary feeding.

Evidence from the meta-analysis based on the five articles enrolling infants <1 month of life does not support the previous assumption that high- vs. low-protein content formulas during exclusive milk-feeding lead to different growth outcomes in the first 4 months of life.
The gut microbiome in social anxiety disorder: evidence of altered composition and function
Authors: Butler Mary I. , Bastiaanssen Thomaz F. S. , Long-Smith Caitriona , Morkl Sabrina , Berding Kirsten , Ritz Nathaniel L. , Strain Conall , Patangia Dhrati , Patel Shriram , Stanton Catherine , O’Mahony Siobhain M. , Cryan John F. , Clarke Gerard , Dinan Timothy G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe microbiome-gut-brain axis plays a role in anxiety, the stress response and social development, and is of growing interest in neuropsychiatric conditions. The gut microbiota shows compositional alterations in a variety of psychiatric disorders including depression, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia but studies investigating the gut microbiome in social anxiety disorder (SAD) are very limited. Using whole-genome shotgun analysis of 49 faecal samples (31 cases and 18 sex- and age-matched controls), we analysed compositional and functional differences in the gut microbiome of patients with SAD in comparison to healthy controls. Overall microbiota composition, as measured by beta-diversity, was found to be different between the SAD and control groups and several taxonomic differences were seen at a genus- and species-level. The relative abundance of the generaAnaeromassillibacillusandGordonibacterwere elevated in SAD, whileParasuterellawas enriched in healthy controls. At a species-level, Anaeromassilibacillus sp An250was found to be more abundant in SAD patients whileParasutterella excrementihominiswas higher in controls. No differences were seen in alpha diversity. In relation to functional differences, the gut metabolic module ‘aspartate degradation I’ was elevated in SAD patients. In conclusion, the gut microbiome of patients with SAD differs in composition and function to that of healthy controls. Larger, longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these preliminary results and explore the clinical implications of these microbiome changes.
Unraveling two distinct polymorph transition mechanisms in one n-type single crystal for dynamic electronics
Authors: Davies Daniel William , Seo Bumjoon , Park Sang Kyu , Shiring Stephen B. , Chung Hyunjoong , Kafle Prapti , Yuan Dafei , Strzalka Joseph W. , Weber Ralph , Zhu Xiaozhang , Savoie Brett M. , Diao Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCooperativity is used by living systems to circumvent energetic and entropic barriers to yield highly efficient molecular processes. Cooperative structural transitions involve the concerted displacement of molecules in a crystalline material, as opposed to typical molecule-by-molecule nucleation and growth mechanisms which often break single crystallinity. Cooperative transitions have acquired much attention for low transition barriers, ultrafast kinetics, and structural reversibility. However, cooperative transitions are rare in molecular crystals and their origin is poorly understood. Crystals of 2-dimensional quinoidal terthiophene (2DQTT-o-B), a high-performance n-type organic semiconductor, demonstrate two distinct thermally activated phase transitions following these mechanisms. Here we show reorientation of the alkyl side chains triggers cooperative behavior, tilting the molecules like dominos. Whereas, nucleation and growth transition is coincident with increasing alkyl chain disorder and driven by forming a biradical state. We establish alkyl chain engineering as integral to rationally controlling these polymorphic behaviors for novel electronic applications.
Uracil in the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu
Authors: Oba Yasuhiro , Koga Toshiki , Takano Yoshinori , Ogawa Nanako O. , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Sasaki Kazunori , Sato Hajime , Glavin Daniel P. , Dworkin Jason P. , Naraoka Hiroshi , Tachibana Shogo , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Nakamura Tomoki , Noguchi Takaaki , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Sakamoto Kanako , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Nakato Aiko , Miyazaki Akiko , Yogata Kasumi , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Nakazawa Satoru , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi ,   Hayabusa2-initial-analysis SOM team
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pristine sample from the near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu collected by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft enabled us to analyze the pristine extraterrestrial material without uncontrolled exposure to the Earth’s atmosphere and biosphere. The initial analysis team for the soluble organic matter reported the detection of wide variety of organic molecules including racemic amino acids in the Ryugu samples. Here we report the detection of uracil, one of the four nucleobases in ribonucleic acid, in aqueous extracts from Ryugu samples. In addition, nicotinic acid (niacin, a B3vitamer), its derivatives, and imidazoles were detected in search for nitrogen heterocyclic molecules. The observed difference in the concentration of uracil between A0106 and C0107 may be related to the possible differences in the degree of alteration induced by energetic particles such as ultraviolet photons and cosmic rays. The present study strongly suggests that such molecules of prebiotic interest commonly formed in carbonaceous asteroids including Ryugu and were delivered to the early Earth.
Multiplex translaminar imaging in the spinal cord of behaving mice
Authors: Shekhtmeyster Pavel , Carey Erin M. , Duarte Daniela , Ngo Alexander , Gao Grace , Nelson Nicholas A. , Clark Charles L. , Nimmerjahn Axel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile the spinal cord is known to play critical roles in sensorimotor processing, including pain-related signaling, corresponding activity patterns in genetically defined cell types across spinal laminae have remained challenging to investigate. Calcium imaging has enabled cellular activity measurements in behaving rodents but is currently limited to superficial regions. Here, using chronically implanted microprisms, we imaged sensory and motor-evoked activity in regions and at speeds inaccessible by other high-resolution imaging techniques. To enable translaminar imaging in freely behaving animals through implanted microprisms, we additionally developed wearable microscopes with custom-compound microlenses. This system addresses multiple challenges of previous wearable microscopes, including their limited working distance, resolution, contrast, and achromatic range. Using this system, we show that dorsal horn astrocytes in behaving mice show sensorimotor program-dependent and lamina-specific calcium excitation. Additionally, we show that tachykinin precursor 1 (Tac1)-expressing neurons exhibit translaminar activity to acute mechanical pain but not locomotion.
Toward sustainable space exploration: a roadmap for harnessing the power of microorganisms
Authors: Santomartino Rosa , Averesch Nils J. H. , Bhuiyan Marufa , Cockell Charles S. , Colangelo Jesse , Gumulya Yosephine , Lehner Benjamin , Lopez-Ayala Ivanna , McMahon Sean , Mohanty Anurup , Santa Maria Sergio R. , Urbaniak Camilla , Volger Rik , Yang Jiseon , Zea Luis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFinding sustainable approaches to achieve independence from terrestrial resources is of pivotal importance for the future of space exploration. This is relevant not only to establish viable space exploration beyond low Earth–orbit, but also for ethical considerations associated with the generation of space waste and the preservation of extra-terrestrial environments. Here we propose and highlight a series of microbial biotechnologies uniquely suited to establish sustainable processes for in situ resource utilization and loop-closure. Microbial biotechnologies research and development for space sustainability will be translatable to Earth applications, tackling terrestrial environmental issues, thereby supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Variations in the poly-histidine repeat motif of HOXA1 contribute to bicuspid aortic valve in mouse and zebrafish
Authors: Odelin Gaëlle , Faucherre Adèle , Marchese Damien , Pinard Amélie , Jaouadi Hager , Le Scouarnec Solena ,   FranceGenRef Consortium, Deleuze Jean-François , Génin Emmanuelle , Lindenbaum Pierre , Redon Richard , Schott Jean-Jacques , Chiarelli Raphaël , Achouri Younes , Faure Emilie , Herbane Marine , Théron Alexis , Avierinos Jean-François , Jopling Chris , Collod-Béroud Gwenaëlle , Rezsohazy René , Zaffran Stéphane 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common cardiovascular malformation occurs in 0.5–1.2% of the population. Although highly heritable, few causal mutations have been identified in BAV patients. Here, we report the targeted sequencing of HOXA1 in a cohort of BAV patients and the identification of rare indel variants in the homopolymeric histidine tract of HOXA1. In vitro analysis shows that disruption of this motif leads to a significant reduction in protein half-life and defective transcriptional activity of HOXA1. In zebrafish, targeting hoxa1a ortholog results in aortic valve defects. In vivo assays indicates that these variants behave as dominant negatives leading abnormal valve development. In mice, deletion of Hoxa1 leads to BAV with a very small, rudimentary non-coronary leaflet. We also show that 17% of homozygous Hoxa1−1His knock-in mice present similar phenotype. Genetic lineage tracing in Hoxa1−/− mutant mice reveals an abnormal reduction of neural crest-derived cells in the valve leaflet, which is caused by a failure of early migration of these cells.
A comprehensive benchmarking with practical guidelines for cellular deconvolution of spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Li Haoyang , Zhou Juexiao , Li Zhongxiao , Chen Siyuan , Liao Xingyu , Zhang Bin , Zhang Ruochi , Wang Yu , Sun Shiwei , Gao Xin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpatial transcriptomics technologies are used to profile transcriptomes while preserving spatial information, which enables high-resolution characterization of transcriptional patterns and reconstruction of tissue architecture. Due to the existence of low-resolution spots in recent spatial transcriptomics technologies, uncovering cellular heterogeneity is crucial for disentangling the spatial patterns of cell types, and many related methods have been proposed. Here, we benchmark 18 existing methods resolving a cellular deconvolution task with 50 real-world and simulated datasets by evaluating the accuracy, robustness, and usability of the methods. We compare these methods comprehensively using different metrics, resolutions, spatial transcriptomics technologies, spot numbers, and gene numbers. In terms of performance, CARD, Cell2location, and Tangram are the best methods for conducting the cellular deconvolution task. To refine our comparative results, we provide decision-tree-style guidelines and recommendations for method selection and their additional features, which will help users easily choose the best method for fulfilling their concerns.
Clonal dynamics of alloreactive T cells in kidney allograft rejection after anti-PD-1 therapy
Authors: Dunlap Garrett S. , DiToro Daniel , Henderson Joel , Shah Sujal I. , Manos Mike , Severgnini Mariano , Weins Astrid , Guleria Indira , Ott Patrick A. , Murakami Naoka , Rao Deepak A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKidney transplant recipients are at particular risk for developing tumors, many of which are now routinely treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); however, ICI therapy can precipitate transplant rejection. Here, we use TCR sequencing to identify and track alloreactive T cells in a patient with melanoma who experienced kidney transplant rejection following PD-1 inhibition. The treatment was associated with a sharp increase in circulating alloreactive CD8+ T cell clones, which display a unique transcriptomic signature and were also detected in the rejected kidney but not at tumor sites. Longitudinal and cross-tissue TCR analyses indicate unintended expansion of alloreactive CD8+ T cells induced by ICI therapy for cancer, coinciding with ICI-associated organ rejection.
Characterisation of ASD traits among a cohort of children with isolated fetal ventriculomegaly
Authors: Kyriakopoulou Vanessa , Davidson Alice , Chew Andrew , Gupta Nidhi , Arichi Tomoki , Nosarti Chiara , Rutherford Mary A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFetal ventriculomegaly is the most common antenatally-diagnosed brain abnormality. Imaging studies in antenatal isolated ventriculomegaly demonstrate enlarged ventricles and cortical overgrowth which are also present in children with autism-spectrum disorder/condition (ASD). We investigate the presence of ASD traits in a cohort of children (n = 24 [20 males/4 females]) with isolated fetal ventriculomegaly, compared with 10 controls (n = 10 [6 males/4 females]). Neurodevelopmental outcome at school age included IQ, ASD traits (ADOS-2), sustained attention, neurological functioning, behaviour, executive function, sensory processing, co-ordination, and adaptive behaviours. Pre-school language development was assessed at 2 years. 37.5% of children, all male, in the ventriculomegaly cohort scored above threshold for autism/ASD classification. Pre-school language delay predicted an ADOS-2 autism/ASD classification with 73.3% specificity/66.7% sensitivity. Greater pre-school language delay was associated with more ASD symptoms. In this study, the neurodevelopment of children with isolated fetal ventriculomegaly, associated with altered cortical development, includes ASD traits, difficulties in sustained attention, working memory and sensation-seeking behaviours.
Comparing retinotopic maps of children and adults reveals a late-stage change in how V1 samples the visual field
Authors: Himmelberg Marc M. , Tünçok Ekin , Gomez Jesse , Grill-Spector Kalanit , Carrasco Marisa , Winawer Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdult visual performance differs with angular location –it is better for stimuli along the horizontal than vertical, and lower than upper vertical meridian of the visual field. These perceptual asymmetries are paralleled by asymmetries in cortical surface area in primary visual cortex (V1). Children, unlike adults, have similar visual performance at the lower and upper vertical meridian. Do children have similar V1 surface area representing the upper and lower vertical meridian? Using MRI, we measure the surface area of retinotopic maps (V1-V3) in children and adults. Many features of the maps are similar between groups, including greater V1 surface area for the horizontal than vertical meridian. However, unlike adults, children have a similar amount of V1 surface area representing the lower and upper vertical meridian. These data reveal a late-stage change in V1 organization that may relate to the emergence of the visual performance asymmetry along the vertical meridian by adulthood.
Biofouling characteristics of reverse osmosis membranes by disinfection-residual-bacteria post seven water disinfection techniques
Authors: Wang Hao-Bin , Wu Yin-Hu , Wang Wen-Long , Luo Li-Wei , Chen Gen-Qiang , Chen Zhuo , Xue Song , Xu Ao , Xu Yu-Qing , Ikuno Nozomu , Ishii Kazuki , Hu Hong-Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReverse osmosis (RO) is widely used in wastewater reclamation to alleviate the increasingly global water shortage. However, it has an inconvenient defect of biofouling. Some disinfection processes have been reported to select certain undesirable disinfection-residual bacteria (DRB), leading to severe long-term biofouling potential. To provide constructive guidance on biofouling prevention in RO systems, this study performed a 32-day experiment to parallelly compared the biofouling characteristics of RO membranes of DRB after five mature water disinfection methods (NaClO, NH2Cl, ClO2, UV, and O3) and two recently developed water disinfection methods (K2FeO4 and flow-through electrode system). As a result, the DRB biofilm of K2FeO4 and O3 caused a slight normalised flux drop (22.4 ± 2.4% and 23.9 ± 1.7%) of RO membrane compared to the control group (non-disinfected, ~27% normalised flux drop). FES, UV, NaClO and ClO2 caused aggravated membrane flux drop (29.1 ± 0.3%, 33.3 ± 7.8%, 34.6 ± 6.4%, and 35.5 ± 4.0%, respectively). The biofouling behaviour showed no relationship with bacterial concentration or metabolic activity (p > 0.05). The thickness and compactness of the biofilms and the organics/bacterial number ratio in the biofilm, helped explain the difference in the fouling degree between each group. Moreover, microbial community analysis showed that the relative abundance of typical highly EPS-secretory and biofouling-related genera, such as Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, Methylobacterium, Sphingobium, and Ralstonia, were the main reasons for the high EPS secreting ability of the total bacteria, resulting in aggravation of biofouling degree (p < 0.05). All types of disinfection except for NaClO and ClO2 effectively prevented pathogen reproduction in the DRB biofilm.