bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study to observe the progression of Vyadhi Samprapti in Srotas in the context of Hypothyroidism
Authors: Ware Rajashri , Chavhan Santosh G , Gatphane Rupali , Denge Kalpana 
Published: January 2023

In chronic conditions, the progression of samprapti (pathogenesis) of Hypothyroidism in various Srotasas (Body Channels) can be observed due to the lack of Nidanparivarjanam (restraining of etiological factor) and Shuddha-Chikitsa (Comprehensive treatment). Assessment of the progression of the pathogenesis of Hypothyroidism in the Srotasas would help to decide the treatment plan for Hypothyroidism according to the stage of the disease, which prevents the further progression of the disease and drug dependency. Objectives: Observe the progression of the pathogenesis of Hypothyroidism in the Srotasas by assessing signs and symptoms of the Dhatupradoshaja Vikara (diseases due to vitiation of dhatu) along with their severity. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 50 patients with chronicity of hypothyroidism for more than 1 year and on therapy were selected randomly and categorized into 5 groups, according to their chronicity. A separate case proforma was designed to focus on the assessment of the progression of the pathogenesis in patients of Hypothyroidism. The signs and symptoms described as Dhatupradoshaja Vikara, chronicity of hypothyroidism, findings of Thyroid Function Test (total serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, serum, total serum triiodothyronine, total serum thyroxine,) and drug dosage were recorded in each patient. The data was subjected to statistical tests. Results: It is observed that the extent of signs and symptoms of Dhatupradoshaja Vikaras increased with the chronicity of Hypothyroidism in study participants. Progression of Samprapti of hypothyroidism in further Srotasa was observed in patients with chronicity of Hypothyroidism, especially in individuals with Avar Agni (weak state of digestive and metabolic factors). It is observed that in the study participant drug dosages were escalated with chronicity and Avara Agnibala (weak state of Agni). Rasadhatu and Rasavaha Srotas along with Medodhatu and Medovaha Srotas are priorly and predominantly get vitiated in the Samprapti while other Dhatus and Dhatuvaha Srotasa are involved in Samprapti over the period. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the vyadhi samprapti of Hypothyroidism progresses in further Srotasa with the chronicity of hypothyroidism.
PEMODELAN PERLINDUNGAN SAMBARAN PETIR PADA TRANSFORMATOR DAYA DI GARDU INDUK TEGANGAN TINGGI
Authors: Bramantyo Fauzi , Rohana Rohana , Hardi Surya 
Published: January 2023

Sambaran petir merupakan gangguan yang sering terjadi pada saluran transmisi dapat mengakibatkan tegangan lebih transient pada saluran transmisi merambat ke ujung jaringan dan akhirnya mencapai gardu induk. Pada gardu banyak terdapat peralatan sensitif terhadap tegangan lebih diantanya transformator. Untuk mencegah kerusakan akibat tegangan lebih dipasang Arester. Simulasi penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan menggunakan software Alternative Transient Program (ATP). Arester dimodelkan sebagai model IEEE. Sambaran petir disimulasi ke kawat tanah menara transmisi. Arrester dipasang dilokasi sebelum dan sesudah menara terakhir dekat dengan transformator daya. Arus surja petir standard IEC bervariasi dari 20 kA hingga 100 kA dengan kelipatan 20 kA. Hasil diperoleh tegangan lebih maksimum terjadi ketika sistem diijeksikan arus petir 100 kA dengan kondisi sistem belum terpasang Arrester dengan tegangan puncak yang terjadi pada masing-masing fasa berturut-turut, Fasa A, Fasa B dan Fasa C sebesar 3.649 kV, 2.836 KV, dan 3.473 kV. Tegangan minimum yang terjadi ketika arus petir 20 kA diinjeksikan kedalam sistem yang sudah terpasang Arrester, dan Arrester dipasang setelah menara. Nilai tegangan puncak yang timbul pada Fasa A, Fasa B dan Fasa C berturut–turut sebesar 191 kV, 175 kV dan 175 kV. Pemasangan Arester dapat menurunkan tegangan lebih pada setiap fasanya dan lokasi pemasangan arrester yang paling efektif adalah dekat dengan transformator daya.
Kata kunci :
BLENDING ARANG AKTIF CANGKANG KEMIRI DAN CANGKANG SAWIT DALAM PENJERNIHAN MINYAK GORENG BEKAS
Authors: Paranita Darni , Donda Donda , Sebayang Mariani 
Published: January 2023

Pemanfaatan minyak goreng yang dilakukan secara terus menerus akan menghasilkan limbah berupa minyak goreng bekas yang memiliki kandungan asam lemak yang cukup tinggi dan bersifat karsinogenik. Solusi yang penulis yang digunakan untuk menangani masalah ini adalah dengan melakukan pemutihan atau bleaching pada minyak goreng bekas dengan tujuan untuk memurnikan serta menghilangkan zat-zat warna yang terbentuk akibat oksidasi dan degradasi komponen kimia. Bleaching atau pemucatan adalah proses memurnikan serta menghilangkan zat-zat warna yang terbentuk akibat oksidasi dan degradasi komponen kimia. Arang aktif adalah arang yang diolah dengan suhu tinggi , bahan bahan kimia atau gas CO2 dengan tujuan untuk membuka pori-porinya sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben. Bahan baku yang digunakan sebagai arang aktif adalah limbah cangkang kelapa sawit dan limbah kemiri yang merupakan limbah industri dan pemanfaatannya masih kurang maksimal. Untuk meningkatkan daya adsorpsi pada saat proses bleaching, digunakan metode blending yang menggabungkan dua atau lebih jenis arang aktif. Pada penelitian ini akan menggunakan variasi perbandingan blending antara arang aktif cangkang kemiri dengan cangkang kelapa sawit dengan rasio 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4 dalam satuan berat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian perbandingan 1:4 sudah memenuhi syarat yg ditetapkan SNI 01-3741-2002 diperoleh kadar air 0,19 %, FFA 0,3220 %, densitas 0,8860 gr/ml, Bilangan Iodine 39,0889 mg/gr dan bilangan asam 0,4478 mg KOH/gr
ANALISIS SALURAN PEMASARAN SALAK (Studi Kasus : Desa Batu Layan Kecamatan Angkola Julu Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan)
Authors: Syafiruddin Syafiruddin , Siregar Nova Tapsila 
Published: January 2023

Analisis saluran pemasaran salak, biaya pemasaraan dan margin pemasaran dalam lembaga pemasaran di Desa Batu Layan Kecamatan Angkola Julu sangat penting untuk ketahui, sebagai dasar memahami sebaran margin dari kegiatan pemasaran. Populasi petani salak di desa Batu Layan sebanyak 65 orang maka diambil sampel sebanyak 24 petani salak dari jumlah populasi. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kusioner dengan metode analisis data yang digunakan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan biaya pemasaran yang dikeluarkan setiap lembaga, margin pemasaran dan farmer share dalam setiap saluran serta untuk mengetahui saluran yang paling efesien digunakan oleh petani salak di desa Batu Layan Kecamatan Angkola Julu. Ada 3 saluran pemasaran yanbg digunakan petani salak, karena perbedaan kualitas salak, jarak dari pusat desa dan jumlah produksi.
PENGARUH IKLIM SEKOLAH DAN DISIPLIN BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SD SWASTA BERYAYASAN BUDDHA SE KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Yohanes Rasul Sudarmaji  , Muljadi  , Situ Asih  
Published: January 2023

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SCHOOL ENVIROMENT AND LEARNING DISCIPLINE TO THE ACHIVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ENTERE BUDDHA FONDATION SCHOOL IN TANGERANG CITY ". Meanwhile, this study aims to examine 1) Is there an effect of School Enviroment on learning achievement, 2) is there an effect of Learning discipline on learning achievement, and 3) is there an effect of School Enviroment and Learning discipline on learning achievement together.
This type of research includes quantitative research with conclusions drawn through statistical analysis. The research location is in private junior high schools throughout the city of Tangerang, the population is Class V totaling 171 students, and the research sample totaling 120 students. The data collection technique used a closed questionnaire with a Likert scale. Data analysis techniques include: (1) instrument test, validity and reliability test. (2) Research prerequisite test, consisting of normality and linearity tests. (3) Homogeneity test, 4) Hypothesis test, using multiple regression test, partial regression test, F/simultaneous test and coefficient of determination test.
Based on the results of the study: There is a positive and very significant effect between School Enviroment (X1) on Learning Achievement (Y) with a correlation coefficient score of ry1 = 0.678a, the influence of High Learning discipline (X1) will have a strong influence on Learning Achievement (Y) private Elementary School students in the city of Tangerang with a coefficient of determination score of r2y1 = 0.654, a contribution or influence of 65,4%, the remaining 34,6% was contributed by other variables that have a positive relationship with an increase in student achievement (Y) Elementary School in Tangerang City., the effect of School Enviroment (X1) and Learning discipline (X2) together with strong learning achievement (Y) will have a large relationship with learning achievement (Y), with a determination coefficient score of r2y3 = 0.781. Contribution or influence of 34,6%, the remaining 65,4% was contributed by other variables that have a relationship with increasing learning achievement (Y).
A STUDY ON TOTAL LYMPHOCYTE COUNT AND CD4 COUNT IN HIV AFFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Amboja Dennis 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the total lymphocyte count and CD4 count in HIV affected patients.
Methodology: The approach we used in this study was to gather and analyze a wide range of research articles.
Findings: Worldwide estimates of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus was approximately 32 million in 2007 with thousands of people getting infected every day. Most people living with HIV are from developing countries with less than 5% receiving antiretroviral therapy. In 2009, an estimated 2.6 million people became infected out of which approximately 1.8 million were from sub-Saharan Africa. The initiation of antiretroviral therapy is based on CD4 counts of less than 350 cells/mm3 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control (CDC). The determination of CD4 count however in resource-limited localities is difficult. A total lymphocyte count (TLC) of <1200 cells/mm3 has been recommended in addition to WHO staging (stage II) of the disease, for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in such localities.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The use of absolute lymphocyte count as a marker for HIV progression has been argued in many quarters over the years. Studies have suggested that when the absolute lymphocyte count is used in conjunction with blood hemoglobin, it gives a more sensitive marker for HIV progression with other studies discrediting the use of TLC in such settings.
ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON THE FIRST FILIAL GENERATION FROM THE WISTAR RATS FED WITH CALCIUM CARBIDE RIPENED ORANGE.
Authors: Ogoun Timipa Richard , Ayawei N. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose and Methods: The use of chemicals for fruit ripening is constantly on the increase and inadvertently, such chemicals are consumed unperceived. The aim of the study is the assess the Biochemical parameters of the Pups from the Wistar rats fed with Calcium Carbide induced ripened orange. Unripe mature oranges were gotten for the parent plant at Ogu, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. The fruits were divided into two; the first group was allowed to ripe at normal room temperature and 1kg of the second oranges wrapped with black nylon were forced to ripe within 48 hours with 10grams of Calcium carbide which was dissolved in 5ml of water in a closed steel bucket. 600g of each groups of the ripened oranges were peeled differently and blended in an electric blender with 350ml/1L distilled water. The juice was filtered with a clean fine sieve and were poured into clean bottles labeled accordingly and stored in a refrigerator for future use. 24 adult Wistar rats [12 male and female of each sex] weighing between 126.9- 213.3g were used. They were acclimatize for two [2] weeks and was fed with standard grower mash with clean water ad libitum. The Wistar rats were grouped into three, [1] Control, of 8 rats [4 males and 4 females] receive normal water and feeds only as placebo. [2] Treatment group I, containing 8 rats [4 males and 4 females] received 5ml/kg of the naturally ripened orange juice [3] Treatment II of 8 rats [4 males and 4 females] received 5ml/kg of the Calcium carbide induced ripened orange juice orally against their body weight for four weeks. The Wistar rats copulates freely during this period. Birthing occurred in the three groups and the Pups were collected weight at birth, at one week and the two week. They were sacrifice at second week and blood sample collected for the Biochemical analysis. Data collected from this study was analyzed as Mean ± Standard Error of Mean [SEM]. Significant difference among the groups was determined as P<0.05; by two-way ANOVA; using Statistical Analysis Program for Social Sciences [SPSS 22.0 Version].
Findings and recommendations: The results of this study showed statistically significant increase in the mean AST, ALT, ALP, Creatinine, Urea, Total Biluribin and Lactate Dehydrogenase of the pup of the Wistar rats fed with Calcium carbide forced ripened orange juice in contrast with the control group (p<0.05). There was significant reduction in the mean Albumin, Total Protein and Total Cholesterol in the pups from the Wistar rats fed with Calcium carbide forced ripened orange juice when compared with the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, there is nutritional programming of Calcium Carbide forced ripened fruit when consumed by a mother and could cause hepatic and/or extra-hepatic toxicity, renal failure, heart failure, coronary heart diseases of the offspring. Thus; we recommend strongly, the abolishment of Calcium carbide as an agent for fruit ripening.
Influence of Computer Aided Learning for Teacher and Students in Promoting Assimilation of Knowledge. A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Makenzie Alfonso Makenzie 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: No matter how superior the techniques employed are, it’s only through positive attitudes of teachers that the benefits of computer integration into the curriculum instruction could be realized. The overall objective of this study was to examine influence of computer aided learning for teacher and students in promoting assimilation of knowledge.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study concluded that all the teachers and majority of the students (93.2%) disagreed to the statement that they had never used a computer and that they were not interested. Based on teachers’ perceptions towards the use of computer aided learning all the teachers’ strongly disagreed to the statement that computers scare them. Analysis of results showed that the teachers had a positive attitude towards computer aided learning. They therefore agreed that they believed computers were important teaching tool. The study also concluded that he school boards of management were partly involved in the training of teachers on computer aided learning and that the ministry of education also organized training courses for teachers on computer aided learning.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study suggests that parents associations (PA) in schools should develop a PA fund and organize equipping schools with more computers and other computer aided learning resources in order to make teaching and learning using computer aided learning easier. The current study suggests that there is need to organize in-service training for teachers in order to equip them with expertise skills and knowledge and build their confidence with ICT tools.
GLOSSAIRE DES MOTS TECHNIQUES FRANÇAIS-SWAHILI UTILISE EN ARCHITECTURE-BATIMENTS ET TRAVAUX PUBLICS EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO
Authors: LUTUMBA Delphin LUTUMBA , Stany YEFILE MPOSHI , MUSEU NTUNDA Gaston , LUFANGA Israël YETA 
Published: January 2023

Cet article se propose cette fois-ci d’examiner les niveaux de connaissance des mots et termes techniques en langue INTERNATIONALE SWAHILI aussi bien parlée en particulier au Kasaï-Oriental par les étudiants de l’architecture, de bâtiments et des Travaux Publics et par les personnes intellectuellement indiscriminés du monde entier en général.
En effet, cette connaissance non seulement en sa langue propre ou maternelle mais aussi en langue internationale telle que le Swahili, rendra aisée sans doute l’usage correcte de chaque mot ou terme lors de la construction ou de réalisation des diverses œuvres d’arts chez les utilisateurs.
Analysis of the quality of local council elections in Hoima city, mid-western Uganda
Authors: Mwesigwa David Mwesigwa , Acanga Alfred Acanga , Oryang Alex Chono , Oboi Alex Oboi , Obici Gilbert Obici 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to discuss the quality of local council elections by exploring factors that influence vote buying and vote selling during electoral seasons in Uganda.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study aimed at promoting free, fair and credible local council elections in Hoima city. The study was conducted in one city ward that is part of Hoima City Cohort Study (HCCS). The HCCS is a population-based cohort that was identified for purposes of this study. A total of 28 registered voters, resident in four study areas were enrolled into the study. Data were collected on socio-econ-political related characteristics. A regression model was used to generate voting frequency as a measure of association for factors that were associated with voter bribery.
Findings: Results suggest that voter bribery was high; higher in men than in women. Less than half had participated in more than two previous local council elections while slightly more than half were taking part in the second election. After adjusting for potential and suspected confounder, the factors that were negatively associated with voter bribery were: greed, poverty, and expectations; political party/candidate influence and lack of self-control were positively associated with voter bribery. Since political party/candidate influence and lack of self-control were positively associated with voter bribery in the area of study, targeting those having exorbitant resources to tempt voters may help reduce voter bribery in this area.
Unique Contribution to Policy and Practice: The results of this study may be useful to policy and practice since they can facilitate managers of electoral management bodies as well as political parties to evolve frameworks that can facilitate credible electoral processes.
The involvement of Non-Governmental Organizations activities in Household Poverty reduction in Oyam District, Uganda
Authors: Ocen Patrick Ocen , Acanga Alfred Acanga , Mwesigwa David Mwesigwa 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study examined the contribution of NGO activities on poverty reduction in Oyam District-Northern Uganda and recommends strategies for improving wellbeing of people of the region and entirely Uganda as a Country. This was based on account that, Oyam District was estimated with the lowest annual GDP per capita of 223 USD compared to the neighbouring Districts of Apac and Kole with the annual GDP per capita of 228 USD and 230 USD respectively
Methodology: The study used a correlational design with correlational and regression methods of analysis. It was conducted among beneficiaries of selected NGOs comprising a sample of 290 from a population of 860.
Findings: This study reveals a significant and positive contribution of NGO activities to poverty reduction in Oyam District and that NGO activities has a moderate relationship with household poverty level in Oyam District. The results further show that the financial support provided by NGOs significantly contributes to poverty reduction while the food security support provided does not.
Conclusion and recommendations: It is established that NGO activities contribute significantly to poverty reduction in Oyam District. This study recommends that the food security support be backed with the provision of market for the agricultural products of the NGO beneficiaries and in order to create income for them. The study further recommends for the NGO support to agricultural product market search for their beneficiaries as well as forming the beneficiaries in different groups and train them on financial literacy for better management of finances.
Unique contributions to policy and/or practice: This study contributes positively to the understanding of non-state actors and the role they play in reducing poverty among communities that are recovering from decades of civil war in Uganda.
Effect of Budget Finance on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Amos Adewale Segun , Ekperiware Moses Ekperiware , Oyetade John A. , Adewusi Adeyinka Adewusi 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of budget finance on Nigeria’s economic growth using annual data from 1991 to 2021 and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique.
Methodology: The E-Views 10 statistical software was employed to carry out multiple Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001) to empirically analyses the long- and short-run effect of budget finance on economic growth in Nigeria 1991 to 2021.
Results: The results of the study showed that government capital expenditures during the period had negative and non – significant effects on Nigeria’s real gross domestic product but recurrent expenditure and debt shows that there is positive and significant relationship with Nigeria’s real gross domestic product. The results suggested that there should be proper monitoring in the capital expenditure project in order to contribute positively to the economic growth in Nigeria.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practices: The study recommends that government should improve in their capital expenditure for increase in the growth of the economics. In addition, the government should ensure adequate capital and recurrent expenditure implementation in the country, particularly in construction of roads and buildings, and efficient capital budget implementation in the country. Moreover, is it advisable for government to reduce the level of borrowings because if continues it will lead to debts of the country.