bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Monte Carlo algorithm to improve the measurement efficiency of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Guo Pan , Zhang Ruoshuang , Zhang Jiawen , Shi Junhao , Li Bing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has shown good applications in engineering fields such as well logging and rubber material ageing assessment. However, due to the low magnetic field strength of NMR sensors and the complex working conditions of engineering sites, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of NMR signals is low, and it is usually necessary to increase the number of repeated measurements to improve the SNR, which means a longer measurement time. Therefore, it is especially important to set the measurement parameters appropriately for onsite NMR. In this paper, we propose a stochastic simulation using Monte Carlo methods to predict the measurement curves of $${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$$

T
1

and $${\mathrm{D}}_{0}$$

D
0

and correct the measurement parameters of the next step according to the previous measurement results. The method can update the measurement parameters in real time and perform automatic measurements. At the same time, this method greatly reduces the measurement time. The experimental results show that the method is suitable for the measurement of the self-diffusion coefficient D0 and longitudinal relaxation time T1, which are frequently used in NMR measurements.
Isolation and genomic characterization of one novel goose astrovirus causing acute gosling gout in China
Authors: Peng Zhifeng , Gao Dongsheng , Song Xinghui , Huang Huimin , Zhang Xiaozhan , Jiang Zenghai , Qiao Hongxing , Bian Chuanzhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNovel goose astrovirus (NGAstV) is a member of the genus Avain Avastrovirus (AAstV) and the family Astroviridae. NGAstV-associated gout disease has caused huge economic losses to the goose industry worldwide. Since early 2020, NGAstV infections characterized by articular and visceral gout emerged continuously in China. Herein, we isolated a GAstV strain from goslings with fatal gout disease and sequenced its complete genome nucleotide sequence. Then we conducted systematic genetic diversity and evolutionary analysis. The results demonstrated that two genotypic species of GAstV (GAstV-I and GAstV-II) were circulating in China, and GAstV-II sub-genotype IId had become the dominant one. Multiple alignments of amino acid sequences of GAstV capsid protein revealed that several characteristic mutations (E456D, A464N, and L540Q) in GAstV-II d strains, as well as additional residues in the newly identified isolate which varied over time. These findings enrich the understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of GAstV and may facilitate the development of effective preventive strategies.
Localized periodontitis severity associated with carotid intima-media thickness in young adults: CHIEF atherosclerosis study
Authors: Tsai Kun-Zhe , Huang Wei-Chun , Chang Yun-Chen , Kwon Younghoon , Sui Xuemei , Lavie Carl J. , Lin Gen-Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the association of periodontitis with subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults. In total, 486 non-diabetic military personnel were included in Taiwan. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was assessed utilizing sonography for subclinical atherosclerosis. Periodontitis severity was defined based on the 2017 US/European consensus. Mean cIMT was compared by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the association of periodontitis severity and the highest quintile of cIMT (≥ 0.8 mm) with adjustments for age, sex, metabolic risk factors and leukocyte counts. The mean cIMT increased in those with greater stages (periodontal health (N = 349): 0.65 mm, Stage I (N = 41): 0.72 mm, Stage II (N = 57): 0.74 mm and Stage III: 0.76 mm, respectively, p < 0.01). In multiple logistic regression, a dose–response association from Stage I to Stage III periodontitis for cIMT ≥ 0.8 mm was also found [ORs and 95% CIs 1.41 (0.60–3.29), 1.62 (0.79–3.31) and 3.20 (1.42–7.18)]. Leucocyte counts ≥ 7.6 × 103/µL (the highest quintile) was associated with cIMT ≥ 0.8 mm [OR 1.86 (1.11–3.12)], while no association existed for other metabolic risk factors. In conclusion, severe periodontitis and leukocyte counts are independent risk factors of increased cIMT, emphasizing the critical role of inflammation in subclinical atherosclerosis.
Humanity’s diverse predatory niche and its ecological consequences
Authors: Darimont Chris T. , Cooke Rob , Bourbonnais Mathieu L. , Bryan Heather M. , Carlson Stephanie M. , Estes James A. , Galetti Mauro , Levi Taal , MacLean Jessica L. , McKechnie Iain , Paquet Paul C. , Worm Boris 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough humans have long been predators with enduring nutritive and cultural relationships with their prey, seldom have conservation ecologists considered the divergent predatory behavior of contemporary, industrialized humans. Recognizing that the number, strength and diversity of predator-prey relationships can profoundly influence biodiversity, here we analyze humanity’s modern day predatory interactions with vertebrates and estimate their ecological consequences. Analysing IUCN ‘use and trade’ data for ~47,000 species, we show that fishers, hunters and other animal collectors prey on more than a third (~15,000 species) of Earth’s vertebrates. Assessed over equivalent ranges, humans exploit up to 300 times more species than comparable non-human predators. Exploitation for the pet trade, medicine, and other uses now affects almost as many species as those targeted for food consumption, and almost 40% of exploited species are threatened by human use. Trait space analyses show that birds and mammals threatened by exploitation occupy a disproportionally large and unique region of ecological trait space, now at risk of loss. These patterns suggest far more species are subject to human-imposed ecological (e.g., landscapes of fear) and evolutionary (e.g., harvest selection) processes than previously considered. Moreover, continued overexploitation will likely bear profound consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Three-dimensional reconstruction and computational analysis of a structural battery composite electrolyte
Authors: Duan Shanghong , Cattaruzza Martina , Tu Vinh , Auenhammer Robert M. , Jänicke Ralf , Johansson Mats K. G. , Liu Fang , Asp Leif E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStructural batteries are multifunctional composite materials that can carry mechanical load and store electrical energy. Their multifunctionality requires an ionically conductive and stiff electrolyte matrix material. For this purpose, a bi-continuous polymer electrolyte is used where a porous solid phase holds the structural integrity of the system, and a liquid phase, which occupies the pores, conducts lithium ions. To assess the porous structure, three-dimensional topology information is needed. Here we study the three-dimensional structure of the porous battery electrolyte material using combined focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy and transfer into finite element models. Numerical analyses provide predictions of elastic modulus and ionic conductivity of the bi-continuous electrolyte material. Characterization of the three-dimensional structure also provides information on the diameter and volume distributions of the polymer and pores, as well as geodesic tortuosity.
Equivalent model of nearest level modulation for fast electromagnetic transient simulation based on DC voltage control loops of sub‐modules in modular multilevel converter
Authors: Zhao Guopeng , Li Xiaoyin , Wang Dong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe nearest level modulation (NLM) is used to automatically generate ac side voltages of sub‐modules in modular multilevel converter (MMC). Existing literature seldom presents models that describe complex NLM processes. This paper proposes an equivalent model of the NLM to simply describe and simulate the complex NLM process. The main contribution of this study is to build the model of NLM with fast simulation speed for the application focuses on the simulation accuracy at the millisecond level. The duty cycle of the average model generated by the NLM in sub‐modules of the MMC is divided into two components, which are the stable component for generating the bridge arm voltage and the fluctuation component for balancing the dc side voltage of sub‐modules, respectively. The stable component is generated by the modulation wave of the MMC control system. By adding a voltage control closed loop to the sub‐module, the fluctuation component for balancing the dc side voltages of sub‐modules can automatically adjust the ac side voltages of sub‐modules. The proposed equivalent model of NLM improves the simulation speed and has the same effect with the traditional NLM within the low‐frequency range or with the time step of millisecond level.
Water‐surface infrared small object detection based on spatial feature weighting and class balancing method
Authors: Hui Tian , Xu YueLei , Li HuaFeng , Zhou Qing , Rasol Jarhinbek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInfrared imaging is widely used due to its penetration capability to operate under many weather or lighting condition. However, due to the far distance of aerial view, feature blur, and the scarcity of aerial infrared data, the detection of small infrared targets on the water surface remains a challenging problem. In response to the problem of unclear features, we propose the spatial feature weighting method based on 2D Gaussian distribution. This method increases the weight of the target area by adaptively adjusting the feature activation. Secondly, for the problem of rare aerial perspective infrared data, we propose the cross‐spectral data migration method. By introducing the domain difference loss function to optimize the pseudo‐label selection process, the range of target domain distribution is expanded, and the adaptability of the detector is improved. Finally, in response to the problem of underfitting caused by category imbalance in transfer learning, we propose the class balancing method that effectively reduces the false detection. Extensive experiments were conducted on both benchmark datasets and the self‐built dataset to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of our method. The proposed method was evaluated with different models and various scenarios, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness.
Semantic‐guided fusion for multiple object tracking and RGB‐T tracking
Authors: Liu Xiaohu , Luo Yichuang , Zhang Yan , Lei Zhiyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe attention mechanism has produced impressive results in object tracking, but for a good trade‐off between performance and efficiency, CNN‐based approaches still dominate, owing to quadratic complexity of attention. Here, the SGF module is proposed, an efficient feature fusion block for effective object tracking with reduced linear complexity of attention. The proposed method fuses feature with attention in a coarse‐to‐fine manner. In the low‐resolution semantic branch, the top K regions with highest attention scores are selected; in the high‐resolution detail branch, attention is only calculated within regions corresponding to the top K regions. Thus, the features from the high‐resolution branch can be efficiently fused under the guidance of low‐resolution branch. Experiments on RGB and RGB‐T datasets with reformed FairMOT and MDNet+RGBT trackers demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Norm‐based spectrum sensing for cognitive radios under generalised Gaussian noise
Authors: Halaki Arati , Sarkar Sutapa , Gurugopinath Sanjeev , R Muralishankar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) systems are configured to dynamically assess the spectrum utilisation and contribute towards an improved spectrum efficiency. Hence, accurate detection of the incumbent signal in a given channel, popularly known as spectrum sensing (SS), is essential for CR. Here, in the domain of SS, the authors introduce a new goodness‐of‐fit test (GoFT) founded on p‐norm of the observations at the receiver node. To capture the heavy‐tailed nature of noise distribution in practical communication channels, the authors utilise generalised Gaussian distribution (GGD) as a noise model. A novel p‐norm detector (PND) and a geometric power detector (GPD) is proposed and corresponding probability density function (PDF) under GGD is derived. Via Monte Carlo simulations, the authors show a match of the derived PDFs with the simulation results. Using Neyman‐Pearson framework the performances of PND and GPD are compared with an existing differential entropy detector (DED), the well‐known energy detector (ED) and joint correlation and energy detector (CED) under GGD noise model. Evaluation of proposed PND and GPD utilising Monte Carlo simulations indicate a superior performance. Further, the experiments employing real‐world data establish superiority of the proposed detectors as compared to existing techniques. The authors derive and implement an optimised threshold for PND, providing further improvement in performance.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser
Authors: Kläber Mischa 
Published: June 2023

Leistungen des Sports für Gesundheitsförderung,
Prävention und RehabilitationSport und Bewegung sind die Grundlage für Gesundheit über die gesamte
Lebensspanne. In der Kindheit ermöglichen sie die Entwicklung grundlegender
motorischer und kognitiver Fähigkeiten, fördern die Lernbereitschaft
und das psychosoziale Wohlbefinden. Für Erwachsene ist sportliche
Aktivität ein wichtiger körperlicher und psychischer Ausgleich zu
den vorwiegend sitzenden oder stehenden Arbeitstätigkeiten und oft
einseitigen Bewegungsabläufen. Im Alter dient sie der Erhaltung
grundlegender Funktionen und persönlicher Unabhängigkeit
(Europäische Ministerkonferenz der WHO, 2006).
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and the Survival of Patients with
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Xingwen , Kang Fugui , Zhang Nan , Niu Yiming , Jia Jintang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMalnutrition is a risk factor of adverse clinical outcome in patients with
cancer. Recent studies suggest that geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI)
could reflect the nutritional status in patients with various clinical
conditions. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate
the association between GNRI and survival of patients with hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). Observational studies evaluating the association between
pretreatment GNRI and survival of patients with HCC were obtained by search of
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. A random-effects
model was used to pool the results after incorporating the potential influence
of heterogeneity. Seven cohort studies including 2636 patients with HCC
contributed to the meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that HCC patients with
low pretreatment GNRI were associated with poor overall survival [hazard ratio
(HR): 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32 to 2.37, p<0.001;
I2=66%) and progression-free survival (HR: 1.62, 95% CI:
1.39 to 1.89, p<0.001; I2=0%) as compared to those with
normal GNRI. Sensitivity analyses by excluding one study at a time showed
similar results (p all<0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that the
association between low pretreatment GNRI and poor survival of patients with HCC
was not significantly affected by age of the patients, main treatment, cutoff of
GNRI, or the follow-up durations. In conclusion, malnutrition indicated by a low
pretreatment GNRI may be a risk factor of poor survival of patients with
HCC.
Análise comparativa de TNF-alfa, TNF-R1 e TNF-R2 em pacientes com fraturas de baixo impacto decorrentes de osteoporose
Authors: Teixeira Abel Oliveira Marques , Rodrigues-Junior Virmondes , Rodrigues Bárbara Rocha , Souza Danila Malheiros , Gaia Leonardo Franco Pinheiro , Rodrigues Denise Bertulucci Rocha 
Published: June 2023

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar os níveis séricos de TNF-alfa e de seus receptores TNF-R1 e TNF-R2 no sangue de pacientes com fraturas de baixo impacto, decorrentes de osteoporose, comparando entre os sexos e com pacientes saudáveis.
Métodos O estudo foi realizado com amostra de sangue de 62 pacientes, divididos em pacientes com osteoporose e pacientes saudáveis. Os resultados foram obtidos através do método de ELISA. As concentrações de citocinas foram determinadas com base nos valores de absorbância obtidos.
Resultados Os níveis séricos de TNF-alfa foram indetectáveis nos pacientes do sexo feminino, enquanto no masculino encontrou-se somente em um paciente, não havendo diferença significativa. Encontrou-se resultados semelhantes nas análises dos níveis de TNF-R1 e TNF-R2, aumento significativo nos níveis dos receptores de TNF-alfa nos grupos de pacientes com osteoporose em comparação com o grupo controle, em ambos os sexos. Não houve diferença significativa entre os sexos na dosagem de ambos os receptores dentro do grupo com osteoporose. Houve ainda correlação positiva e significativa nos níveis de TNF-R1 e TNF-R2 apenas nas mulheres.
Conclusão O aumento significativo nos níveis de TNF-R1 e TNF-R2 em mulheres com osteoporose sugerem que a liberação e expressão destes receptores pode estar contribuindo de maneira distinta no desenvolvimento da osteoporose em homens e mulheres.
Heterogeneous human capital, spatial spillovers and regional innovation: evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
Authors: Wen Fenghua , Yang Shan , Huang Daohan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInvesting in human capital can assist in achieving technological innovations, while the spatial spillover effects of human capital on urban innovation in urban agglomeration are largely ignored. Using the panel data of 108 cities in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) during 2011–2020, this paper explores the interactions between human capital and urban innovation with a two-way fixed effects Spatial Durbin Model framework, which incorporates the interpretation of spatial spillover effects. The results show that urban innovation in the YREB has spatial heterogeneity in the structure, which is reflected in its diffusion from the downstream cities on the eastern coast to the upstream cities in the western region. Then, the low-level human capital inhibits the development of local innovation, while intermediate and high-level human capital improves local innovation. Furthermore, the spatial spillover effect shows an opposite trend. The impact of human capital on urban innovation is not significant in the downstream cities, such as Shanghai and Nanjing. Finally, three policy directions are proposed to optimize the human capital structure of the YREB, which are, strengthening investment in human capital and technological innovation, enhancing the talent spillover effect, and improving basic education.
Determining consistency in the attitudes and actions of providers of animal-assisted services regarding their alignment with standards and ethical practice
Authors: Johnson Amy , Cameron Patricia , Trevathan-Minnis Melissa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The current mixed methods study sought to investigate the actual as well as the perceived practices and alignment with animal-assisted interventions (AAI) ethics and standards of mental health practitioners that partner with an animal in their practice. While the quantitative findings suggested awareness and integration of standards and ethical practice, the qualitative results painted a somewhat different picture. Qualitative findings suggest a great deal of inconsistency in the attitudes and actions of practitioners regarding their alignment with standards and ethical practice. These inconsistencies are explored and then followed by specific recommendations regarding training and education, supervision, informed consent practices, documentation, and humane treatment for animal partners.
Optimal control of dissipation and work fluctuations for rapidly driven systems
Authors: Rolandi Alberto , Perarnau-Llobet Martí , Miller Harry J D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To achieve efficient and reliable control of microscopic systems one should look for driving protocols that mitigate both the average dissipation and stochastic fluctuations in work. This is especially important in fast driving regimes in which the system is driven far out of equilibrium, potentially creating large amounts of unwanted entropy production. Here we characterise these optimal protocols in rapidly driven classical and quantum systems and prove that they consist of two discontinuous jumps in the full set of control variables. These jumps can be tuned to interpolate between processes with either minimal dissipation or minimal fluctuations, and in some situations allow for simultaneous minimisation. We illustrate our general results with rapidly driven closed quantum systems, classical bit erasure and a dissipative Ising chain driven close to a quantum phase transition.
Absorption enhancement of Perovskite solar cells using multiple gratings
Authors: Nodez Seyed Mohsen Mohebbi , Jabbari Masoud , Solookinejad Ghahraman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Perovskite Solar Cells have very low absorption in the near-infrared region. In this paper, in order to enhance the absorption in this region, a new technique has been presented based on multiple excitations of plasmonic modes through the gratings on the backside of the cell. Gratings on the backside of the active layer lead to absorption enhancement by exciting localized surface plasmons and light scattering, and since the resonance of surface plasmons is highly dependent on the dimensions of the gratings, the resonance wavelength can be adjusted by accurately determining the dimensions of the gratings. In order to increase the absorption in longer wavelengths, multiple gratings have been used on the backside of the cell. In using multiple gratings, the absorption in the near-infrared region is increased near three folds by choosing the appropriate dimension of gratings. The highest average absorption of 68.46% has been achieved using five gratings which is an 8.44% increase compared to the structure without gratings. The simulation results under incident angles from 0 to 85 degrees indicate that gratings enhance light absorption up to an angle of 45 degrees. Meanwhile, the structure with five gratings (SC-E) has an average absorption close to 65% up to an angle of ±45 degrees and is not sensitive to the incident angle. These multiple nanostructures have the ability to trap more light inside the active layer and thus promise a high-efficiency solar cell.
Enhancing the MoS2/MoO3/ZnS/Zn-Heterojunction catalyst's photocatalytic performance for water organic pollutants
Authors: Kh Shokr E , Mohamed Heba A , Mohamed H A , Kamel Moumen S , Ali H M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pure and lightly Zn-doped (MoS2)0.97Zn0.03 powdered samples have been prepared by a simple economic method, structurally analysed by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM& EDX, and optically characterised using optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. XRD analysis of the heat-treated Zn: MoS2 product revealed the formation of different multi-heterojunction semiconducting MoS2, MoO3 and barely visible ZnS components beside the metal-Zn element which were confirmed by FT-IR, XPS& EDX. The crystallite size for MoS2 samples decreased from 400.465 to 326.179 nm of (MoS2)0.97Zn0.03 , while the MoO3 and Zn constituents exhibit lower values of 108.884 & 8.045 nm, respectively. Their porosity percentages of ∼60%–67% are relatively high and beneficial for the photocatalytic process. The optical study showed a indirect allowed band gap with energy values of 1.2 and 0.9 eV for undoped and Zn doped, respectively. The photocatalytic study has been performed at different MB concentrations (10–20 ppm), and catalyst amounts (0.04–0.1 g) under dark, UV, and Vis irradiations assisted by pH and/or ultrasonic piezoelectric potential. The current enhanced result of 99.3% efficiency and a high performance figure of merit of ∼1045 min−1 were achieved in 20 s for (MoS2)0.97Zn0.03 with the capability of reusability.