bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeochemical and Physical Controls on the Microbial Degradation of Dissolved Organic Matter Along a Temperate Microtidal Estuary
Authors: Detweiler Derek J. , Anderson Iris C. , Brush Mark J. , Canuel Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the foundation of the microbial loop and plays an important role in estuarine water quality and ecosystem metabolism. Because estuaries are influenced by DOM with different sources and composition, changing hydrologic regimes, and diverse microbial community assemblages, the biological fate of DOM (i.e., microbial degradation) differs across spatiotemporal scales and between DOM pools. To better understand controls on DOM degradation, we characterized the biogeochemical and physical conditions of the York River Estuary (YRE), a sub-estuary of the Chesapeake Bay in southeast Virginia (USA), during October 2018 and February, April, and July 2019. We then evaluated how these conditions influenced the degradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) by conducting parallel dark incubations of surface water collected along the YRE. Compared to other sampling dates, DOC reactivity (ΔDOC (%)) was over two-fold higher in October when freshwater discharge was lower, temperatures were warmer, and autochthonous, aquatic sources of DOC dominated. ΔDOC (%) was near zero when allochthonous, terrestrial sources of DOC were more abundant and when temperatures were cooler during higher discharge periods in February when precipitation in the Chesapeake Bay region was anomalously high. DON was up to six times less reactive than DOC and was sometimes produced during the incubations whereas ΔCDOM (%) was highly variable between sampling periods. Like ΔDOC (%), spatiotemporal patterns in ΔDON (%) were controlled primarily by hydrology and DOM source and composition. Our results show that higher freshwater discharge associated with prolonged wet periods decreased estuarine flushing time and increased the delivery of allochthonous DOM derived from terrestrial sources into coastal waters, resulting in lower rates of DOM degradation especially under cool conditions. While these findings provide evidence for seasonal variation in DOM degradation, shifting environmental conditions (e.g., increasing temperatures and precipitation) due to climate change may also have interactive effects on the magnitude and composition of DOM exported to estuaries and its subsequent reactivity.
Comparative study of multivariate hybrid neural networks for global sea level prediction through 2050
Authors: Uluocak Ihsan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ongoing rise in global sea levels poses significant risks to coastal regions such as storms surges, floodings and necessitates accurate predictive models to inform the relevant government organizations that are responsible of mitigation strategies. This study leverages advanced hybrid deep learning techniques to forecast global sea level changes up to the year 2050. Utilizing a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, our model integrates historical global sea level data from climate.gov and global air temperature projections from the CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) model. Performance evaluation, based on metrics such as Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, Mean Squared Error (MSE), and the Diebold-Mariano Test, demonstrates the superior accuracy of the hybrid models over traditional deep learning models. Results show that the hybrid LSTM-CNN model outperforms the standalone models, achieving an MSE of 0.4644 mm and an NSE of 0.9994, compared to the LSTM model’s MSE of 2.4450 mm and NSE of 0.9970. These findings underscore the potential of deep learning methodologies in enhancing the precision of long-term sea level predictions, providing valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in climate science.
Cyanine dye-embedded fluorescent film for ratiometric pH measurement
Authors: Sobczyk Roch , Galmiche Laurent , Mongin Cédric , Djendli Meriem , Leray Isabelle , Méallet Rachel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The precise monitoring of pH is critical in various applications, particularly in biology-related areas. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel cyanine-based fluorescent pH sensor with a pK
a around 6. This pH-sensitive dye features a cyanine chromophore coupled to a piperazine moiety, which modulates the protonation equilibrium and thus the optical response. DTF calculation corroborates the changes in the photophysical properties upon protonation. Upon immobilization within a hydrophilic polymer matrix, the resulting fluorescent sensor is exhibited a pK
a around 4.5, facilitating ratiometric pH measurements for acidic media (for instance in food—examples given in milk and fresh yogurt). Importantly, this probe design allowed a less than 5 min response time to pH changes while avoiding cytotoxic effects towards E. coli. The development of such a fluorescent pH indicator is motivated by the growing need for optical monitoring tools capable of providing real-time, non-invasive readouts of pH dynamics in complex media and microfluidic systems.

Graphical abstract
A Militarized Concept of Citizenship: The Shanghai Scouts in the Early Stages of China’s War of Resistance
Authors: Law Peter Kwok-Fai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Resurrecting the lost voices of Chinese scouts, who served society in the early stage of China’s War of Resistance, this article examines the militarization and politicization of Chinese scouting. After 1927, international scouting adapted to the militant and quasi-fascist ideologies promoted by the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang or GMD). This, in turn, prompted a radicalization of the concept of citizenship among the scouts. The article illuminates this shift and reveals that the ultra-nationalistic sentiment cultivated by the GMD resulted in some scouts compelling ordinary people to behave patriotically. The scouts’ voluntary service worked hand in hand with the GMD’s authoritarian influence in Shanghai’s foreign concessions. They played a vanguard role in the early months of the war, working as kidnappers and intimidators for the GMD. The scouts’ violent and coercive tactics contradicted the long-held principles laid down by Robert Baden-Powell. Their actions outside of the civilian roles assigned to them disillusioned expatriate observers.
“The Very Soul Must Be Held in Bondage!”: Alice Victoria Kinloch's Critical Examination of South Africa's Diamond-Mining Compounds
Authors: de Azevedo Rafael , Vanneste Tijl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article focuses on the intellectual efforts made by a South African activist named Alice Kinloch, one of the first people to openly criticize the violence perpetrated against black mineworkers in Kimberley's compound system, at the end of nineteenth century. In the first section, we focus on Alice Kinloch's early life, her involvement in early Pan-Africanism in Britain, and the beginning of her efforts to denounce the compound system. In section two, we shift our analysis to the interaction between missionaries working in the compounds, and the colonialist discourse on “civilizing the natives”. As representatives of the Christian faith, in which Alice Kinloch also was brought up, missionaries play a central role in her critique, which takes aim at their collaboration, as Christians, with a system of racist violence that, in Kinloch's eyes, had nothing to do with the “civilization” it claimed to bring. The conclusions Alice Kinloch drew on observing the compound system were published in Manchester in 1897. In the third section we dive into her pamphlet Are South African Diamonds Worth Their Cost?, in which she condemned the hypocrisy inherent in the compound system and laments its effects on the black mineworkers subjected to a horrible regime.
Labor History and Class Violence: A Meditation on the Anniversary of Lochner V. New York
Authors: Holdren Nate 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The year 2025 marks the 120th anniversary of Lochner v. New York, a 1905 U.S. Supreme Court decision striking down legislative limits on work hours in the baking industry. U.S. scholars generally agree this decision harmed workers and was a setback to the labor movement in the United States. The essay borrows from some of the historian E.P. Thompson’s writings on the relationship between historical inquiry and normative values in order to reflect on Lochner and the relative consensus among scholars opposing the decision. That reflection in turn serves as a point of entry for thinking about the role of normative values in doing labor history, what values we propound in the present by writing and teaching about the history of working-class people, and how those issues relate to different ways labor historians can understand what is arguably our field’s central category, class. The essay suggests that, with regard to the Lochner decision and in general, labor history is something of a different activity if the field’s orientation is toward the amelioration of time- and place-specific problems in working-class people’s lives, toward class as inherently a category of violence and injustice, or both.
Association between procedure duration and adverse events in congenital cardiac catheterization
Authors: Yeh Mary J. , Bergersen Lisa , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Akhtar Saleem , Batlivala Sarosh P. , Bocks Martin L. , Holzer Ralf , O’Byrne Michael L. , Shahanavaz Shabana , Trucco Sara M. , Zellers Thomas , Armstrong Aimee K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:Procedure duration is an important predictor of patient outcomes in surgery. However, the relationship between procedure duration and adverse events in congenital cardiac catheterization is largely unexplored.Methods:All cases entered into the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes from 2014 to 2017 were included. Cases were ordered from shortest to longest case length, minus time spent managing adverse events, for each case type. The outcomes, Level 3bc/4/5 and 4/5 adverse event rates, were calculated for cases above and below the 75th percentile for case length. To identify an independent relationship between case length and outcomes, the case length percentile was added to the CHARM II risk model.Results:Among 14,704 catheterizations, longer cases (>75th percentile for case length) had Level 4/5 rates that were 2.2% and 2.7% compared to cases ≤75th percentile with adverse event rates of 0.9% and 1.4% for diagnostic and interventional cases, respectively. Level 3bc/4/5 rates were 5.0% and 8.4% in longer cases compared to 2.4% and 5.4% for diagnostic and interventional cases, respectively. After adding case length to the CHARM II risk model, case length 50th–75th percentile had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.4, 75th–90th percentile an OR of 1.56, and >90th percentile an OR of 2.24 as compared to cases with case length <50th percentile (p ≤ 0.001 for all).Conclusions:Longer case lengths are associated with clinically important and life-threatening adverse events in congenital cardiac catheterization, even after accounting for known risk factors. Case length may be an important target for future quality improvement work.
Aftershocks as a Time Independent Phenomenon
Authors: Mathey A. , Crassous J. , Marsan D. , Weiss J. , Amon A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSequences of aftershocks following Omori's empirical law are observed after most major earthquakes, as well as in laboratory‐scale fault‐mimicking experiments. Nevertheless, the origin of this memory effect is still unclear. In this letter, we present an analytical framework for treating labquake and earthquake catalogs on an equal footing. Using this analysis method, we show that when memory is considered to be in deformation and not in time, all data collapse onto a single master curve, showing that the timescale is entirely fixed by the inverse of the strain rate.
Xenolith Zircons Record the Long Geological History of India‐Asia Convergence: Results From U‐Pb Depth Profiling
Authors: Sun Wen‐Rui , Weinberg Roberto , Wang Rui , Liu Li , Zhang Liang‐Liang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractContinental crust forms in magmatic arcs and transforms through collision, as seen in the Tibetan crust shaped by Neo‐Tethyan subduction and India‐Asia collision. We examine zircons from crustal granulite xenoliths using U‐Pb depth profiling to reveal a 220‐million‐year evolutionary history in southern Tibet. Our data provide age history consistent with the Gangdese magmatic rocks. From 100 Ma, our results show numerous age peaks linked to the arrival of the Indian continent, associated with fast convergence, slab rollback, and eventual slab breakoff. During the post‐collisional stage, the growth of zircon rims indicates a resurgence of metamorphism and anatexis, and contemporaneous shifts in Th/U ratios and (Dy/Yb)N values reflect an increase in crustal thickness. We suggest the capacity of zircon overgrowth to capture geological episodes during crustal evolution. In this case, granulite xenoliths from single areas through zircon depth profiling can offer substantial insights into the geological processes shaping the collisional orogen.
El Niño and Sea Surface Temperature Pattern Effects Lead to Historically High Global Mean Surface Temperatures in 2023
Authors: Jiang Ning , Zhu Congwen , Hu Zeng‐Zhen , McPhaden Michael J. , Lian Tao , Zhou Chen , Qian Weihong , Chen Deliang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn 2023, the world experienced its highest ever global mean surface temperature (GMST). Our study underscores the pivotal significance of El Niño and sea surface temperature (SST) warming as the fundamental causes. Interannually, the increment of GMST in 2023 comprised two phases: first, gradual ocean warming associated with El Niño and the North Atlantic from January to August; second, a continued rise in land temperatures in the mid‐to‐high latitude regions from September onwards, influenced by SST patterns. Notably, the maturation of El Niño prolonged warming in North America through excitation of the Pacific‐North American teleconnection. During the most recent 15 years, GMST has entered an accelerated warming period, primarily driven by rapid SST warming trends in the tropical Indian Ocean, tropical Atlantic, subtropical North Pacific, and North Atlantic. These decadal warming patterns, combined with El Niño, may further increase GMST, with 2023 as a particularly striking example.
Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA) Samples: Preliminary Examination of Double Drive Tube Samples 73001 and 73002 and Lessons Learned for Returning to the Moon With Artemis
Authors: Gross Juliane , Zeigler Ryan A. , Mosie Andrea B. , Krysher Charis , Eckley Scott A. , Ketcham Richard A. , Hanna Romy D. , Edey David , Kent Jeremy J. , McCubbin Francis M. , McDonald Francesca , Schild Timon , Lucey Paul G. , Sun Lingzhi , Flom Abigail , Parai Rita , Meshik Alex , Pravdivtseva Olga , Petro Noah E. , Shearer Charles K. ,   the ANGSA Science Team
Published: January 2025

AbstractDuring the six Apollo missions, astronauts collected 2196 lunar samples, nearly all of which have been studied over the past five decades. Six Apollo samples remained unexamined until 2019 and were saved to be analyzed by the next generation of lunar scientists using advanced modern laboratory facilities. Now more than 50 years after Apollo, NASA is returning to the Moon with Artemis and will return geologic samples from a different region of the lunar surface than Apollo. Curation will play an instrumental role in helping to prepare for the safe return of these valuable samples, ensuring their integrity during all stages of the missions, and thus maximizing their scientific return. To prepare for the return of these samples, NASA initiated the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA) Program to open previously unstudied samples including unopened double drive tube 73002 and 73001 (also vacuum‐sealed) from the Apollo 17 mission to the Taurus‐Littrow Valley. The ANGSA program was designed to function as a low‐cost analog sample return mission and served as a testing ground to understand processes, update techniques, and prepare for the preliminary examination (PE) of the to‐be‐returned lunar samples with Artemis. New and advanced curation techniques were developed and applied to support the analyses of 73002/73001 during the PE. Furthermore, cutting‐edge analytical instruments such as X‐ray Computed Tomography were utilized to aid in PE that were unavailable during Apollo. These efforts are equipping the Artemis generation for future lunar missions and lessons learned from the PE of ANGSA samples will be directly applied to Artemis.
Multi‐Year ENSO Events Over the Last Two Millennia
Authors: Chen Ruyan , Du Yan , Zhang Xin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMulti‐year El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events or consecutive ENSO events have received great research interest due to their far‐reaching societal, economic, climatic, and ecological influences. However, current knowledge and understanding of their characteristics and impacts are still limited by the availability of long‐term observations. In this work, the Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation product (PHYDA) is adopted to study the multi‐year ENSO events spanning the past 2,000 years. The analysis shows that the occurrence frequency of multi‐year El Niño and La Niña events is significantly higher than that could be expected from random probability, indicating that the 20th‐century multi‐year ENSO is not anomalous when considering the past 2,000 years. During periods with increased consecutive events, while the amplitude of the composited ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies shows no obvious changes, more extreme events are favored and correspond to the enhanced ENSO variability. Further investigation on the mechanism behind the variability of the multi‐year ENSO events over the past 2,000 years suggests that the multi‐year ENSO events are highly correlated with the low‐frequency variability in the background SSTs. The information flow analysis also confirms that there are two‐way interactions between the occurrence frequency of the multi‐year ENSO events and the low‐frequency variability of the background SST anomalies, which shows asymmetric characteristics between the El Niño and La Niña. Additionally, our findings indicate that multi‐year events can intensify climatic impacts on North American temperatures and droughts, and potentially contribute to compound extremes.
Shifts in the Oligotrophic Warm Conditions of the Gulf of Mexico Over MIS‐6 to MIS‐1 Based on Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblages and Mg/Ca Ratios
Authors: Arellano‐Torres Elsa , Garcia‐León Jozyc , Le Brun Laurence , Kasper‐Zubillaga Juan Jose , Bernal Juan Pablo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCollected from the southwestern Gulf of Mexico (GoM), the marine piston Core RC10‐265 was used to reconstruct surface water masses, circulation and paleotemperature shifts at orbital scales over the last ∼180 ka. The chronology was constructed based on radiocarbon ages, planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy and stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O). The ocean surface conditions were reconstructed based on planktonic foraminifera assemblages. Applying a Q‐mode Factor Analysis, two scenarios were characterized through seven species. (a) The subtropical assemblage (Globigerinoides ruber—Globoconella inflata (positive scores) and the Globorotalia menardii group—Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (negative scores)) suggest that during the end of MIS‐6, and MIS‐4 to MIS‐2, the surface waters were colder (∼22–25°C), with less oligotrophic and a more profound mixed layer depth (MLD) relative to interglacials. (b) The tropical assemblage (Globigerinoides ruber—Neogloboquadrina dutertrei—Globorotalia truncatulinoides (positive scores) and Globoconella inflata—Globigerina falconensis (negative scores)) suggest that during the early MIS‐6, MIS‐5e to 5b and MIS‐1, the surface waters were warm (∼28–32°C), oligotrophic, with a shallow MLD like average modern conditions. High Fe/Ca and Mn/Ca values could result from early diagenesis or their incorporation in the primary calcite due to high Fe inputs to the GoM. Despite the former, Mg/Ca paleotemperatures are consistent with Caribbean and N Gulf reconstructions. This study confirms the relevance of the Loop Current (extended vs. contracted mode) and the associated variability in mesoscale eddies as a control of the paleoecology and paleotemperatures at orbital scales.
Physics‐Guided Deep Learning Model for Daily Groundwater Table Maps Estimation Using Passive Surface‐Wave Dispersion
Authors: Cunha Teixeira José , Bodet Ludovic , Rivière Agnès , Hallier Amélie , Gesret Alexandrine , Dangeard Marine , Dhemaied Amine , Boisson Gaboriau Joséphine 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMonitoring groundwater tables (GWTs) remains challenging due to limited spatial and temporal observations. This study introduces an innovative approach combining an artificial neural network, specifically a multilayer perceptron (MLP), with continuous passive Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (passive‐MASW) to construct GWT depth maps. The geologically well‐constrained study site includes two piezometers and a permanent 2D geophone array recording train‐induced surface waves. At each point of the array, dispersion curves (DCs), displaying Rayleigh‐wave phase velocities over a frequency range of 5–50 Hz, were measured daily from December 2022 to September 2023, and latter resampled over wavelengths from 4 to 15 m, to focus on the expected GWT depths (1–5 m). Nine months of daily data near one piezometer, spanning both low and high water periods, were used to train the MLP model. GWT depths were then estimated across the geophone array, producing daily GWT maps. The model's performance was evaluated by comparing inferred GWT depths with observed measurements at the second piezometer. Results show a coefficient of determination (R2) of 80% at the training piezometer and of 68% at the test piezometer, and a remarkably low root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 0.03 m at both locations. These findings highlight the potential of deep learning to estimate GWT maps from seismic data with spatially limited piezometric information, offering a practical and efficient solution for monitoring groundwater dynamics across large spatial extents.