bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interdisciplinary environmental project, based on natural chronologic archives, suitable for upper secondary school students
Authors: Törnquist Per , Carlsson Marie , Pettersson Håkan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article describes an ongoing interdisciplinary project involving both the natural and social sciences. Based on the intact chronology of the layers in a peat bog, students create a history of pollution after WWII, for several toxic elements. Within this project the students collect samples which are analysed for; As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Zn, and 137Cs. Caesium is used to roughly date emissions. The results allow students to gain a holistic picture of the mechanisms underlying airborne pollution. The project is comprehensive and involves several school subjects, that normally are separated. The student’s task is to explain the time-related changes in pollution for one of the above-mentioned elements in a scientific report. The students’ report must also explain, when possible, the underlying political mechanisms or other factors, for the change in pollution. The finding of the above-mentioned elements in the local environment promotes discussions about the human impact on the environment. Most importantly, the results show that it is possible to change emission patterns in the future to achieve a better environment.
A homogenised anisotropic J-model for accelerating computations of screening current profile in large-scale HTS magnets
Authors: Kang Xiang , Wang Xingzhe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Owing to the induced excessive strain, plastic deformation, and distortion of the magnetic field in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, there is a rapidly growing research interest in the screening current profile in high-field superconducting magnets. The J-model was developed to calculate the current density distributions in HTS stacks and cables, which improves the calculation efficiency because no air domain is considered in the calculation regions. However, for a large-scale high-field magnet wound with hundreds and thousands of layers of HTS tapes, there is still a big challenge for J-model simulation involving prohibitive time consumption and memory requirements. This study proposes an improved J-model approach based on a homogenised anisotropic (HA) scheme for large-scale HTS magnet systems to decrease the number of elements and enhance calculation efficiency. The reliability of the improved HA J-model was verified by solving 2000-tape HTS stacks, and a significant improvement in computational performance was achieved. Furthermore, the HA J-model was applied to a large-scale scenario of a 32 T hybrid all-superconducting magnet at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory to numerically capture the electromagnetic responses. The magnetic flux and current densities in the HTS insert coils were obtained completely, and the screen current induced field, which is the most concerning, showed a good agreement with the literature. Meanwhile, the time consumption by the HA J-model is approximately half that of the traditional J-model and even less than 1–2 orders of magnitude of the others, such as the traditional T-A model and H model, with acceptable accuracy. The improved HA J-model may provide an appropriate prior design with rapid and real-time calculations for large-scale magnet systems.
Application of Haar wavelet to shear-wave equation and corresponding fractional differential equation
Authors: Sagar Zephania C F , Harisankar P C , Sil Tapas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Shear waves find applications in several branches of science, such as geophysics, earth science, medical science etc. The Haar wavelet (HW) scheme is employed to solve the governing equation of the horizontal component of the shear wave (SH). The solutions of SH waves obtained from HW are compared with the exact solutions and some of the available results from approximation methods, such as the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and wavelet Galerkin method with Daubechies wavelet (WG). HW solutions are found to be more accurate than WG at points away from the resonance and at the proximity of the resonance. HW yields solutions with higher accuracy than HPM solutions. The SH wave equation is also studied using the concept of fractional calculus by introducing arbitrary parameter α, especially in the vicinity of the resonance with the values of α around one. The solutions are found to be damped oscillatory for α < 1, and diverging oscillatory for α > 1, respectively. The solutions are insensitive to small variations α at and around the resonance point corresponding to the ODE. At a point far from the resonance, the solution with α ≈ 1 matches nicely with those for α ≠ 1. The amplitude of the solution for α = 1 becomes very large at a point very close to the resonance. In contrast, amplitudes of the solutions for α ≠ 1 remain the same in the vicinity of the resonance, including it. Therefore, if necessary, the parameter α may be the control to avoid resonance.
Excitation of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes with counter-current NBI in the TCV tokamak
Authors: Vallar M. , Dreval M. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Sharapov S. , Poley J. , N. Karpushov A. , Lauber P. , Mazzi S. , Porte L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In Tokamak á Configuration Variable (TCV), unstable modes excited by resonant interaction between the shear Alfvèn waves in continuum gaps and energetic particles have been observed in scenarios with neutral beam injection (NBI). TCV is a middle-size device (

R
0

/

a
=
0.88

/

0.25

) equipped with a

1
MW

,

25
keV

tangential neutral beam injector. In this paper the phenomenology of modes excited with on-axis NBI is presented. The Alfvènic nature of the modes has been confirmed investigating their sensitivity against plasma parameters such as NBI energy, toroidal magnetic field, and cross-checking with the predictions from linear kinetic stability code. The mode radial profile is estimated using electron cyclotron emission measurement and agrees well with modelling results. In addition, the fast particle distribution function has been modelled using TRANSP/NUBEAM code. Even with counter-current NBI (leading to higher losses), the drive from the resonant particles is sufficient for the mode excitation. An ad-hoc additional diffusion model allows to estimate the fast particle transport, modifying the fast particle gradient at the mode location and matching the neutron rates.
SYNCA: A Synthetic Cyclotron Antenna for the Project 8 Collaboration
Authors: Ashtari Esfahani A. , Böser S. , Buzinsky N. , Carmona-Benitez M.C. , Claessens C. , de Viveiros L. , Fertl M. , Formaggio J.A. , Gladstone L. , Grando M. , Hartse J. , Heeger K.M. , Huyan X. , Jones A.M. , Kazkaz K. , Li M. , Lindman A. , Matthé C. , Mohiuddin R. , Monreal B. , Mueller R. , Nikkel J.A. , Novitski E. , Oblath N.S. , Peña J.I. , Pettus W. , Reimann R. , Robertson R.G.H. , Saldaña L. , Slocum P.L. , Stachurska J. , Sun Y.-H. , Surukuchi P.T. , Telles A.B. , Thomas F. , Thomas M. , Thorne L.A. , Thümmler T. , Tvrznikova L. , Van De Pontseele W. , VanDevender B.A. , Weiss T.E. , Wendler T. , Zayas E. , Ziegler A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) is a
technique for measuring the kinetic energy of charged particles
through a precision measurement of the frequency of the cyclotron
radiation generated by the particle's motion in a magnetic
field. The Project 8 collaboration is developing a next-generation
neutrino mass measurement experiment based on CRES. One approach is
to use a phased antenna array, which surrounds a volume of tritium
gas, to detect and measure the cyclotron radiation of the resulting
β-decay electrons. To validate the feasibility of this method,
Project 8 has designed a test stand to benchmark the performance of
an antenna array at reconstructing signals that mimic those of
genuine CRES events. To generate synthetic CRES events, a novel
probe antenna has been developed, which emits radiation with
characteristics similar to the cyclotron radiation produced by
charged particles in magnetic fields. This paper outlines the
design, construction, and characterization of this Synthetic
Cyclotron Antenna (SYNCA). Furthermore, we perform a series of
measurements that use the SYNCA to test the position reconstruction
capabilities of the digital beamforming reconstruction technique. We
find that the SYNCA produces radiation with characteristics closely
matching those expected for cyclotron radiation and reproduces
experimentally the phenomenology of digital beamforming simulations
of true CRES signals.
Drinking water accessibility typologies in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Chung Hichul , Kumpel Emily , Oke Jimi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present a data-driven typology framework for understanding patterns in drinking water accessibility across low- and middle-income countries. Further, we obtain novel typology-specific insights regarding the relationships between possible explanatory variables and typology outcomes. First, we conducted exploratory factor analysis to obtain a smaller set of interpretable factors from the initial set of 17 drinking water accessibility indicators from 73 countries. The resulting seven factors summarize the key drivers for water accessibility, and also serve as a vehicle for framing discussions on country outcomes. We clustered the countries based on their seven-dimensional water accessibility factor scores, referring to the resulting three clusters as ‘typologies,’ namely, Decentralized, Centralized and Hybrid. The typologies serve as a vehicle for analyzing water accessibility among countries with similar patterns, in contrast with geographically-based approaches. Finally, we fitted a decision tree classifier to analyze relationships between a country’s typology membership and socioeconomic, geographic and transportation explanatory variables. We found that private car ownership, population density and per-capita gross domestic product are most relevant in predicting a country’s drinking water accessibility typology.
Comparing process-based models with the inventory approach to predict CH4 emission of livestock enteric fermentation
Authors: Zhang Jianan , Chen Lan , Chen Yizhao , Groisman Pavel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Livestock production is the largest anthropogenic methane (CH4) source globally over the decades. Enteric fermentation of ruminants is responsible for the majority of global livestock CH4 emissions. Both inventory-based models (IvtMs) and process-based models (PcMs) are extensively used to assess the livestock CH4 emission dynamics. However, the model performance and the associated uncertainty have not been well quantified and understood, which greatly hamper our credibility of the regional and global CH4 emission predictions. In this study, we compared the CH4 emissions of livestock enteric fermentation (CH4,ef) predicted by multiple IvtMs and PcMs across Inner Mongolia, a region dominated by typical temperate grasslands that are widely used for animal husbandry. Twenty predictions from five IvtMs, and ten predations from five PcMs were explicitly calculated and compared for the reference year of 2006. The CH4,ef predicted from PcMs is lower than IvtMs and the variation between PcMs is substantially higher, i.e. 0.34 ± 0.36 g CH4/m2yr and 0.78 ± 0.14 g CH4/m2yr for PcMs and IvtMs, respectively. Different model strategies undertaken, i.e. the demand-oriented strategy for IvtMs and the resource-demand co-determined one for PcMs, cause the different predictions of CH4,ef between the two model groups. Using the results from IvtMs as the baseline scalar, we identified and benchmarked the performance of individual PcMs in the study region. The quantitative information provided can facilitate the understanding of key principles and processes of CH4,ef estimations, which will contribute to the future model development of global CH4 emission.
Thermalization and disentanglement with a nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Buks Eyal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study a recently proposed modified Schrödinger equation having an added nonlinear term. For the case where a stochastic term is added to the Hamiltonian, the fluctuating response is found to resemble the process of thermalization. Disentanglement induced by the added nonlinear term is explored for a system made of two coupled spins. A butterfly-like effect is found near fully entangled states of the spin–spin system. A limit cycle solution is found when one of the spins is externally driven.
Quantum formalism of interference as confinement in spatially structured Lorentzian wells
Authors: Castañeda Román , Bedoya-Ríos Pablo , Hurtado Camilo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Non-paraxial interference has recently been explained as light energy confinement in spatially structured Lorentzian wells. This theory describes, in the same way, single particle interference in ordinary space too. Such an alternative thought is discussed here in the framework of a quantum formalism, which introduces confinement operators and density matrices of space states for the first time. Therefore, Lorentzian wells are characterized as the base states of space, which are excited by the geometric potential to produce interference. Geometrical uncertainty and space entanglement are discussed as novel features that approach the proposed theory in the quantum context. This formalism provides insight into the role of space in interference.
Double scaling limit of multi-matrix models at large D
Authors: Bonzom V , Nador V , Tanasa A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study a double scaling limit of two multi-matrix models: the

U
(
N

)
2

×
O
(
D
)

-invariant model with all quartic interactions and the bipartite

U
(
N
)
×
O
(
D
)

-invariant model with tetrahedral interaction (D being here the number of matrices and N being the size of each matrix). Those models admit a double, large N and large D expansion. While N tracks the genus of the Feynman graphs, D tracks another quantity called the grade. In both models, we rewrite the sum over Feynman graphs at fixed genus and grade as a finite sum over combinatorial objects called schemes. This is a result of combinatorial nature which remains true in the quantum mechanical setting and in quantum field theory. Then we proceed to the double scaling limit at large D, i.e. for vanishing grade. In particular, we find that the most singular schemes, in both models, are the same as those found in Benedetti et al for the

U
(
N

)
2

×
O
(
D
)

-invariant model restricted to its tetrahedral interaction. This is a different universality class than in the 1-matrix model whose double scaling is not summable.
Measuring the pitch control of professional football players using spatiotemporal tracking data
Authors: Higgins Lewis , Galla Tobias , Prestidge Brian , Wyatt Terry 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study pitch control in football, using data from six complete seasons of the English Premier League. Our objective is to investigate features of pitch control in the data. We process the data to ensure consistency of the tracking and event datasets. This represents the largest coherent dataset analysed in the literature and allows the observation of consistent patterns across several seasons’ data. We demonstrate that teams playing in front of a crowd at home control on average

2.9
±
0.2

%

more of the pitch than teams playing away, which reduces to

1.5
±
0.6

%

in matches played behind closed doors. We observe that match by match the difference in pitch control between the teams has a weak, positive correlation with the difference in expected goals (Pearson correlation R = 0.38). As a further manifestation of home advantage we find that in games which the two teams have equal pitch control, on average the home team accumulates greater expected goals (

0.16
±
0.03

). The concept of weighted pitch control is introduced, by assigning a weight to regions of the pitch. We demonstrate that pitch control of the penalty box of the out-of-possession team is negatively correlated with expected goals in each of the six seasons, and interpret this apparently counter-intuitive result.
Clinical Utility of WAIS-IV Matrix Reasoning Among Adult Low Educated Recent Immigrants; A Note of Caution
Authors: Nielsen T Rune , Staios Mathew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
To examine the clinical utility of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) Matrix Reasoning in limited educated recently arrived immigrants in Denmark.

Method
Participants were 64 limited educated (0–9 years’ education) independently living adult immigrants primarily from Middle Eastern and Sub-Saharan African countries who completed WAIS-IV Matrix Reasoning as well as demographic, and medical questionnaires.

Results
Thirty-eight participants (59%) scored more than two standard deviations below the Scandinavian mean (scaled score &lt; 4). Performances were significantly associated with years of education but not with occupational status, years of residence in Denmark, or Danish language skills. The most common error types were repetition errors (15.84%) and incomplete correlate errors (10.47%), with a strong trend for a higher proportion of repetition errors in participants with &lt;5 years of education.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that WAIS-IV Matrix Reasoning underestimates cognitive functioning in limited educated recently arrived immigrants, thus calling its clinical utility into question.
New synthesis of (±)-karanone, an important aroma compound in agarwood
Authors: Inori Yuta , Takikawa Hirosato , Ogura Yusuke 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTA concise synthesis of (±)-karanone, an important aroma compound of agarwood, was achieved from a commercially available 3-methylcyclohex-2-enol in 3.5% yield in 11 steps. The two contiguous stereocenters at C4 and C5 were constructed via Ireland–Claisen rearrangement. The allylic oxidation at C8 was successfully performed with the mixture of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and CuI. A precursor of ring-closing metathesis to construct a bicyclic dienone was efficiently synthesized from iodoenone by 1,4-addition and nucleophilic substitution of the vinyl group in one pot.
The significance of plus-development through sport: the practices and neoliberal politics of attracting participants to corporate sport-for-development
Authors: Eisenkraft Klein Daniel , Darnell Simon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite significant growth in the sport-for-development (SFD) sector, there has been little research to date examining the ways that SFD organizations attract communities, and/or the reasons that SFD organizations are able to attract and retain community members in their programmes. The purpose of this study was to explore how and why Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment (MLSE) Launchpad, an SFD facility in downtown Toronto, attracted participants into its programmes, and to understand how and why community members took up the offer to engage in its programmes. Using ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews with Launchpad staff, we found that ‘development’ activities, with little or no sport component to them at all, were, in many instances, the main attraction to participants at MLSE Launchpad, a phenomenon that we term ‘plus-development.’ In these cases, what attracted participants to MLSE Launchpad were programmes that, in practice, filled gaps in basic social and community service provisions. We use these findings to advance some critical insights about the broader neoliberal structures under which programmes like MLSE Launchpad operate, and the significance of SFD for and within urban communities.
Absolute pitch: neurophysiological evidence for early brain activity in prefrontal cortex
Authors: Sharma Vivek V , Thaut Michael , Russo Frank A , Alain Claude 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAbsolute pitch (AP) is the ability to rapidly label pitch without an external reference. The speed of AP labeling may be related to faster sensory processing. We compared time needed for auditory processing in AP musicians, non-AP musicians, and nonmusicians (NM) using high-density electroencephalographic recording. Participants responded to pure tones and sung voice. Stimuli evoked a negative deflection peaking at ~100 ms (N1) post-stimulus onset, followed by a positive deflection peaking at ~200 ms (P2). N1 latency was shortest in AP, intermediate in non-AP musicians, and longest in NM. Source analyses showed decreased auditory cortex and increased frontal cortex contributions to N1 for complex tones compared with pure tones. Compared with NM, AP musicians had weaker source currents in left auditory cortex but stronger currents in left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during N1, and stronger currents in left IFG during P2. Compared with non-AP musicians, AP musicians exhibited stronger source currents in right insula and left IFG during N1, and stronger currents in left IFG during P2. Non-AP musicians had stronger N1 currents in right auditory cortex than nonmusicians. Currents in left IFG and left auditory cortex were correlated to response times exclusively in AP. Findings suggest a left frontotemporal network supports rapid pitch labeling in AP.
Flexible quasi-2D inversion of time-domain AEM data, using a wavelet-based complexity measure
Authors: Deleersnyder Wouter , Maveau Benjamin , Hermans Thomas , Dudal David 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYRegularization methods improve the stability of ill-posed inverse problems by introducing some a priori characteristics for the solution such as smoothness or sharpness. In this contribution, we propose a multidimensional scale-dependent wavelet-based ℓ1-regularization term to cure the ill-posedness of the airborne (time-domain) electromagnetic induction inverse problem. The regularization term is flexible, as it can recover blocky, smooth and tunable in-between inversion models, based on a suitable wavelet basis function. For each orientation, a different wavelet basis function can be used, introducing an additional relative regularization parameter. We propose a calibration method to determine (an educated initial guess for) this relative regularization parameter, which reduces the need to optimize for this parameter and, consequently, the overall computation time is under control. We apply our novel scheme to a time-domain airborne electromagnetic data set in Belgian saltwater intrusion context, but the scheme could equally apply to any other 2D or 3D geophysical inverse problem.