bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of plasma parameters of X-pinch with time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Ham Seunggi , Ryu Jonghyeon , Lee Hakmin , Park Sungbin , Ghim Y.-C. , Hwang Y. S. , Chung Kyoung-Jae 
Published: March 2023

We estimate the parameters of a Cu plasma generated by an X-pinch by comparing experimentally measured x-rays with synthetic data. A filtered absolute extreme ultraviolet diode array is used to measure time-resolved x-ray spectra with a spectral resolution of ∼1 keV in the energy range of 1–10 keV. The synthetic spectra of Cu plasmas with different electron temperatures, electron densities, and fast electron fractions are calculated using the FLYCHK code. For quantitative comparison with the measured spectrum, two x-ray power ratios with three different spectral ranges are calculated. We observe three x-ray bursts in X-pinch experiments with two Cu wires conducted on the SNU X-pinch at a current rise rate of ∼0.2 kA/ns. Analysis of the spectra reveals that the first burst comprises x-rays emitted by hot spots and electron beams, with characteristics similar to those observed in other X-pinches. The second and third bursts are both generated by long-lived electron beams formed after the neck structure has been completely depleted. In the second burst, the formation of the electron beam is accompanied by an increase in the electron density of the background plasma. Therefore, the long-lived electron beams generate the additional strong x-ray bursts while maintaining a plasma channel in the central region of the X-pinch. Moreover, they emit many hard x-rays (HXRs), enabling the SNU X-pinch to be used as an HXR source. This study confirms that the generation of long-lived electron beams is crucial to the dynamics of X-pinches and the generation of strong HXRs.
Translator work practices and the construction of the correct interpretation of Marxism in post-war Greece
Authors: Delistathi Christina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In 1951, the Communist Party of Greece published a Greek translation of the Selected Works of Marx and Engels which included a statement on the work practices followed for its creation. This article considers work practices as processes of validated knowledge production. It investigates how they were enacted to create the ‘correct’ translation of Marxist texts, and advances our understanding of the relationship between social structures, power, and processes of validated knowledge production. It argues that the party’s collaborative, centralised, and professionalised organisational model alongside mechanisms of surveillance and discipline of agents in translation supported its claims of owning the ‘correct’ interpretation of Marxism. The statement on the work practices was intended to influence the publication’s reception: the reader was encouraged to accept the party’s translation as accurate. Adopting a Foucauldian perspective, the investigation draws on party publications and archival material to study translation work practices in novel ways.
Si3N4–TiN conductive ceramic composites: topography on EDMed surfaces and precise drilled holes
Authors: Selvarajan L. , Venkataramanan K. 
Published: March 2023

In this study, it is challenging to drill a 5 mm hole in a Si3N4–TiN conductive ceramic composite, specifically when attempting to identify an association between EDM machining inputs such as current, pulse on-time, pulse off-time, dielectric pressure and spark gap and performance parameters like as Material Removal Rate, Electrode Wear Rate, Average Surface Roughness, and geometrical tolerances such as Cylindricity, Circularity and perpendicularity. The study examines the surface deformations of a composite comprising EDAX report, machined electrode and molybdenum wire following WEDM machining. Current of 5A, Pulse on-time of 9µs, Pulse off-time of 7µs, spark gap of 0.15 mm, dielectric pressure of 21.0 kg/cm2, material removal rate of 0.004214 g/min, electrode wear rate of 0.000245 g/min and surface roughness of 0.349 µm were found to be optimal. The experimental findings show that good surface finish may be attained on a copper electrode-machined surface, along with improved machining accuracy, closer geometrical tolerances and lesser anomalies.
Photo-production of lowest
state within the Regge-effective Lagrangian approach*
Authors: Lyu Yun-He , Zhang Han , Wei Neng-Chang , Ke Bai-Cian , Wang En , Xie Ju-Jun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Because the lowest

state with quantum numbers spin-parity

is far from being established experimentally and theoretically, we perform a theoretical study on the

photo-production within the Regge-effective Lagrangian approach. Considering that

couples to the

channel, we study the contributions from the t-channel K exchange diagram. Moreover, the contributions from the t-channel

exchange, s-channel nucleon pole, u-channel Σ exchange, and contact term are considered. The differential and total cross sections of the process

are predicted with our model parameters. The results should help in experimentally searching for the

state in the future.
The creation of breast lesion models for mammographic virtual clinical trials: a topical review
Authors: Van Camp Astrid , Houbrechts Katrien , Cockmartin Lesley , Woodruff Henry C , Lambin Philippe , Marshall Nicholas W , Bosmans Hilde 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Simulated breast lesion models, including microcalcification clusters and masses, have been used in several studies. Realistic lesion models are required for virtual clinical trials to be representative of clinical performance. Multiple methods exist to generate breast lesion models with various levels of realism depending on the application. First, lesion models can be obtained using mathematical methods, such as approximating a lesion with 3D geometric shapes or using algorithmic techniques such as iterative processes to grow a lesion. On the other hand, lesion models can be based on patient data. They can be either created starting from characteristics of real lesions or they can be a replica of clinical lesions by segmenting real cancer cases. Next, various approaches exist to embed these lesions into breast structures to create tumour cases. The simplest method, typically used for calcifications, is intensity scaling. Two other common approaches are the hybrid and total simulation method, in which the lesion model is inserted into a real breast image or a 3D breast model, respectively. In addition, artificial intelligence-based approaches can directly grow breast lesions in breast images. This article provides a review of the literature available on the development of lesion models, simulation methods to insert them into background structures and their applications, including optimisation studies, performance evaluation of software and education.
Effect modification of the association between fine particulate air pollution during a wildfire event and respiratory health by area-level measures of socio-economic status, race/ethnicity, and smoking prevalence
Authors: Reid C E , Considine E M , Watson G L , Telesca D , Pfister G G , Jerrett M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is decreasing in most areas of the United States, except for areas most affected by wildfires, where increasing trends in PM2.5 can be attributed to wildfire smoke. The frequency and duration of large wildfires and the length of the wildfire season have all increased in recent decades, partially due to climate change, and wildfire risk is projected to increase further in many regions including the western United States. Increasingly, empirical evidence suggests differential health effects from air pollution by class and race; however, few studies have investigated such differential health impacts from air pollution during a wildfire event. We investigated differential risk of respiratory health impacts during the 2008 northern California wildfires by a comprehensive list of socio-economic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and smoking prevalence variables. Regardless of SES level across nine measures of SES, we found significant associations between PM2.5 and asthma hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits during these wildfires. Differential respiratory health risk was found by SES for ED visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where the highest risks were in ZIP codes with the lowest SES levels. Findings for differential effects by race/ethnicity were less consistent across health outcomes. We found that ZIP codes with higher prevalence of smokers had greater risk of ED visits for asthma and pneumonia. Our study suggests that public health efforts to decrease exposures to high levels of air pollution during wildfires should focus on lower SES communities.
Directional and general impairments in initiating motor responses after stroke
Authors: Park Kayne , Chilvers Matthew J , Low Trevor A , Dukelow Sean P , Scott Stephen H 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVisuospatial neglect is a disorder characterized by an impairment of attention, most commonly to the left side of space in individuals with stroke or injury to the right hemisphere. Clinical diagnosis is largely based on performance on pen and paper examinations that are unable to accurately measure the speed of processing environmental stimuli—important for interacting in our dynamic world. Numerous studies of impairment after visuospatial neglect demonstrate delayed reaction times when reaching to the left. However, little is known of the visuospatial impairment in other spatial directions and, further, the influence of the arm being assessed. In this study, we quantify the ability of a large cohort of 204 healthy control participants (females = 102) and 265 individuals with stroke (right hemisphere damage = 162, left hemisphere damage = 103; mean age 62) to generate goal-directed reaches. Participants used both their contralesional and ipsilesional arms to perform a centre-out visually guided reaching task in the horizontal plane. We found that the range of visuospatial impairment can vary dramatically across individuals with some individuals displaying reaction time impairments restricted to a relatively small portion of the workspace, whereas others displayed reaction time impairments in all spatial directions. Reaction time impairments were observed in individuals with right or left hemisphere lesions (48% and 30%, respectively). Directional impairments commonly rotated clockwise when reaching with the left versus the right arms. Impairment in all spatial directions was more prevalent in right than left hemisphere lesions (32% and 12%, respectively). Behavioral Inattention Test scores significantly correlated (r = −0.49, P &lt; 0.005) with reaction time impairments but a large portion of individuals not identified as having visuospatial neglect on the Behavioral Inattention Test still displayed reaction time impairments (35%). MRI and CT scans identified distinct white matter and cortical regions of damage for individuals with directional (insula, inferior frontal–occipital fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus) and general (superior and middle temporal gyri) visuospatial impairment. This study highlights the prevalence and diversity of visuospatial impairments that can occur following stroke.
Structural correlates of language processing in primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Chapman Curtiss A , Polyakova Maryna , Mueller Karsten , Weise Christopher , Fassbender Klaus , Fliessbach Klaus , Kornhuber Johannes , Lauer Martin , Anderl-Straub Sarah , Ludolph Albert , Prudlo Johannes , Staiger Anja , Synofzik Matthis , Wiltfang Jens , Riedl Lina , Diehl-Schmid Janine , Otto Markus , Danek Adrian ,   FTLD Consortium Germany, Engel Annerose , Pfüller Gerdi , Pino Daniéle , Regenbrecht Frank , Thöne-Otto Angelika , Oberstein Timo , Landwehrmeyer Bernhard , Lombardi Jolina , Semler Elisa , Kassubek Jan , Hartwigsen Gesa , Schroeter Matthias L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the relationships between brain structure and language behaviour in primary progressive aphasia provides crucial information about these diseases’ pathomechanisms. However, previous investigations have been limited from providing a statistically reliable view of broad language abilities by sample size, variant focus and task focus. In this study, the authors aimed to determine the relationship between brain structure and language behaviour in primary progressive aphasia, to determine the degree to which task-associated regions were atrophied across disease variants and to determine the degree to which task-related atrophy overlaps across disease variants. Participants were 118 primary progressive aphasia patients and 61 healthy, age-matched controls tested from 2011 to 2018 in the German Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration cohort. Diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia required progressive deterioration of mainly speech and language for ≥ 2 years, and variant was diagnosed by the criteria of Gorno-Tempini et al. (Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology. 2011;76(11):1006-1014). Twenty-one participants not fulfilling a specific subtype were classified as mixed-variant and excluded. Language tasks of interest included the Boston naming test, a German adaptation of the Repeat and Point task, phonemic and category fluency tasks and the reading/writing subtest of the Aachen Aphasia Test. Brain structure was measured by cortical thickness. We observed networks of language task-associated temporal, frontal and parietal cortex. Overlapping task-associated atrophy was observed in the left lateral, ventral and medial temporal lobes, middle and superior frontal gyri, supramarginal gyrus and insula. Some regions, primarily in the perisylvian region, were associated with language behaviour despite showing no significant atrophy. The results crucially extend less powerful studies associating brain and language measures in primary progressive aphasia. Cross-variant atrophy in task-associated regions suggests partially shared underlying deficits, whereas unique atrophy reinforces variant-specific deficits. Language task-related regions that are not obviously atrophied suggest regions of future network disruption and encourage understanding of task deficits beyond clearly atrophied cortex. These results may pave the way for new treatment approaches.
Physiological alterations of pineal recess crowding in symptomatic non-hydrocephalic pineal cysts
Authors: Eide Per Kristian , Lindstrøm Erika Kristina , Pripp Are Hugo , Valnes Lars Magnus , Ringstad Geir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pineal cysts are prevalent in the population. Due to more widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging, an increasing number of symptomatic patients with non-hydrocephalic pineal cysts are referred to neurologists and neurosurgeons. Currently, there is no generally accepted theoretical framework for linking symptoms to a pineal cyst. We have previously suggested that cyst-induced crowding of the pineal recess may affect venous runoff from the deep cerebral veins crossing the cyst. However, evidence underpinning this hypothesis is sparse. In the present study, we asked whether crowding of the pineal recess without imaging signs of hydrocephalus may be accompanied with alterations in blood flow of the internal cerebral veins, cerebrospinal fluid flow in the Sylvian aqueduct and cerebrospinal fluid-mediated tracer clearance from the brain along extravascular pathways (referred to as glymphatic function). This prospective, observational study included symptomatic individuals with non-hydrocephalic pineal cysts who underwent a standardized magnetic resonance imaging protocol (n = 25): Eleven patients were treated surgically with craniotomy and cyst extirpation and 14 individuals were managed conservatively without surgery. Our findings suggest that cyst-induced crowding of the pineal recess may have brain-wide effects: (i) There was a significant negative correlation between degree of crowding within the pineal recess and change in maximum venous flow velocity at the cyst, and a significant positive correlation between maximum venous flow velocity change at the cyst and net cerebrospinal fluid flow in the Sylvian aqueduct; (ii) increased degree of crowding in the pineal recess was accompanied by significantly impaired glymphatic enrichment in the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter, indicative of a brain-wide effect in this cohort who also reported markedly impaired subjective sleep quality; (iii) there was a significant negative correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (suggestive of interstitial water content) within the thalamus and glymphatic enrichment of tracer and (iv) pineal recess crowding associated with symptoms. Comparison of the surgical cases [in whom 10/11 (91%) reported marked clinical improvement at follow-up] and the conservatively managed cases [in whom 1/14 (7%) reported marked clinical improvement at follow-up] showed differences in pre-treatment glymphatic tracer enrichment as well as differences in tracer enrichment in subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid spaces. Taken together, we interpret these observations to support the hypothesis that cyst-induced crowding of the pineal recess without hydrocephalus may alter blood flow of the internal cerebral veins and cerebrospinal fluid flow and even cause brain-wide impairment of glymphatic transport with possible implications for cerebrospinal fluid transport of trophic factors such as melatonin.
Outcomes of ST elevation myocardial infarction in patients with cancer: a nationwide study
Authors: Dafaalla Mohamed , Abdel-Qadir Husam , Gale Chris P , Sun Louise , López-Fernández Teresa , Miller Robert J H , Wojakowski Wojtek , Nolan James , Rashid Muhammad , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
To assess processes of care and clinical outcomes in cancer patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to cancer type.

Methods and results
This is a national population-based study of patients admitted with STEMI in the UK between January 2005 and March 2019. Data were obtained from the National Heart Attack Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP) registry and the Hospital Episode Statistics registry. We identified 353 448 STEMI-indexed admissions between 2005 and 2019. Of those, 8581 (2.4%) had active cancer. Prostate cancer (29% of STEMI patients with cancer) was the most common cancer followed by haematologic malignancies (14%) and lung cancer (13%). Cancer patients were less likely to receive invasive coronary revascularization (60.0% vs. 71.6%, P &lt; 0.001] and had higher in-hospital death [odd ratio (OR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.54] and bleeding (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03–1.46). Cancer patients had higher mortality at 30 days (HR 2.39, 95% CI 2.19–2.62) and 1 year (HR 3.73, 95% CI 3.58–3.89). Lung cancer was the cancer associated with the highest risk of death in the hospital (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.39–2.22) and at 1 year (OR 8.08, 95% CI 7.44–8.78). Colon cancer (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.24–3.14) was the main cancer associated with major bleeding. All common cancer types were associated with higher mortality at 1 year. Cardiovascular death (62%) was the main cause of death in the first 30 days, while cancer (52%) was the main cause of death within 1 year.

Conclusion
STEMI patients with cancer have a higher risk of short- and long-term mortality, particularly lung cancer. Colon cancer is the main cancer associated with major bleeding. Cardiovascular disease was the main cause of death in the first month, whereas cancer was the main cause of death within 1 year.
Tax Revenues in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Peralta-Alva Adrian , Tam Xuan S , Tang Xin , Tavares Marina M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We quantitatively investigate the welfare costs of increasing tax revenues in low-income countries. We consider three tax instruments: consumption, labour income and capital income taxes. The analysis is based on a general equilibrium model featuring heterogeneous agents, incomplete financial markets, and rural and urban areas. We calibrate the model to Ethiopia and decompose the welfare costs into their aggregate and distributional components. We find that changing taxes alter the composition of demand. This, together with limited labour mobility, causes the incidence of higher taxes to fall disproportionately on the rural population, regardless of the instrument. Consumption taxes are the instrument with the largest welfare loss.
Recurrent selection and reduction in recombination shape the genomic landscape of divergence across multiple population pairs of Green-backed Tit
Authors: Jiang Zhiyong , Song Gang , Luo Xu , Zhang Dezhi , Lei Fumin , Qu Yanhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpeciation is fundamental for building and maintaining biodiversity. The formation of the highly differentiated genomic regions between diverging taxa has been interpreted as a result of divergence with gene flow, linked selection, and reduction in recombination. It is challenging to unravel these nonexclusive processes in shaping genomic divergence. Here, we investigate the relative roles of these processes in shaping genomic differentiation in a montane bird, the Green-backed Tit (Parus monticolus). Our genetic structure and demographic analyses identify that four genetic lineages diverge between 838 and 113 thousand years ago and there is evidence of secondary gene flow. The highly divergent genomic regions do not increase with the divergence time, as we found that the old lineages show relatively fewer numbers and smaller sizes of highly differentiated regions than the young divergent lineages (numbers, 118–138 vs. 156–289; sizes, 5.9–6.9 vs. 7.8–14.5 megabase). Across the genome, the outlier windows show a reduction in nucleotide diversity, absolute genetic divergence, and recombination rate, suggesting recurrent selection in regions with low recombination being the major driver of genomic divergence. Finally, we show that secondary gene flow tends to affect the highly differentiated genomic regions if these regions are less likely to be the targets of selection. Altogether, our study shows how common ancestry, recurrent selection, low recombination rate, and gene flow have contributed to the emergence of genomic islands at different stages of speciation.