bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sperm DNA fragmentation and idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss: Results from a multicenter case–control study
Authors: Busnelli Andrea , Garolla Andrea , Di Credico Elena , D'Ippolito Silvia , Merola Anna Maria , Milardi Domenico , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Scambia Giovanni , Di Simone Nicoletta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSperm DNA fragmentation was hypothesized to have a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss. Unfortunately, the quality of already published evidence is low.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between sperm DNA fragmentation and idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss by limiting, as much as possible, the interference of confounding factors.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective multicenter case–control study conducted in two Italian University Hospitals (i.e., Policlinico Gemelli, Rome and Humanitas S. Pio X, Milan) from July 2020 to March 2022. Cases were men belonging to couples affected by first trimester idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss, defined as the previous loss of two or more pregnancies. Two control groups were selected: (i) men belonging to couples with proven fertility (i.e., at least two previous full‐term pregnancies) (control group A); (ii) men belonging to couples with proven infertility (i.e., the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse) (control group B). The sperm DNA fragmentation index was measured by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay.ResultsWe included 74 cases, 37 men with proven fertility (control group A) and 100 men belonging to infertile couples (control group B). The median sperm DNA fragmentation index was significantly lower in control group A (17%, interquartile range: 14.3%–20.6%) compared to both case group (24.5%, interquartile range: 17%–32%; p < 0.0001) and control group B (24%, interquartile range: 18.9%–30%; p = 0.001). The rate of subjects with sperm DNA fragmentation index greater than 30% was significantly higher in both case groups (28%, 95% confidence interval [18%–40%]) and control group B (26%, 95% confidence interval [18%, 36%]) compared to control group A (0%, 95% confidence interval [0%–10%]) (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression models yielded a significant association between sperm DNA fragmentation index and recurrent pregnancy loss (adjusted odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval [1.04–1.23], p = 0.006), but failed to show an association between sperm DNA fragmentation index and infertility (adjusted odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI [1–1.29], p = 0.05).ConclusionsMen within couples affected by recurrent pregnancy loss or infertility had a significantly higher rate of sperm DNA fragmentation compared to fertile controls. However, after adjusting for covariates, sperm DNA fragmentation index was associated only with recurrent pregnancy loss.
Social harmony and community wellbeing
Authors: Islam M. Rezaul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis special issue explores social harmony and community wellbeing with some examples of Asian countries. These are essential tools to fight against many social problems and meet elucidation. While these concepts are not documented well in social work literature, the articles on this special issue will provide thoughtful and valuable guidelines to the readers, academics, policy makers and researchers for expanding and improving social and community services.
Behavioural ecology at the spatial–social interface
Authors: Webber Quinn M. R. , Albery Gregory F. , Farine Damien R. , Pinter‐Wollman Noa , Sharma Nitika , Spiegel Orr , Vander Wal Eric , Manlove Kezia 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTSpatial and social behaviour are fundamental aspects of an animal's biology, and their social and spatial environments are indelibly linked through mutual causes and shared consequences. We define the ‘spatial–social interface’ as intersection of social and spatial aspects of individuals' phenotypes and environments. Behavioural variation at the spatial–social interface has implications for ecological and evolutionary processes including pathogen transmission, population dynamics, and the evolution of social systems. We link spatial and social processes through a foundation of shared theory, vocabulary, and methods. We provide examples and future directions for the integration of spatial and social behaviour and environments. We introduce key concepts and approaches that either implicitly or explicitly integrate social and spatial processes, for example, graph theory, density‐dependent habitat selection, and niche specialization. Finally, we discuss how movement ecology helps link the spatial–social interface. Our review integrates social and spatial behavioural ecology and identifies testable hypotheses at the spatial–social interface.
The impacts of suppliers and mutual outsourcing on organizational forms
Authors: Arai Yasuhiro , Matsushima Noriaki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider a downstream duopoly model with a monopolistic common supplier and mutual outsourcing between the two symmetric downstream firms. The market structure captures the recent procurement environment in the smartphone industry. We also incorporate managerial delegation into the duopoly model because deciding on organizational forms within a firm is critical to achieving better performance in almost all industries. There is an equilibrium in which only one of the firms delegates its downstream production to its sales manager. A delegating firm becomes less aggressive. The profits when both firms delegate can be higher than those when no firm delegates. Social welfare when both firms delegate can be smaller than that when no firm delegates.
Child temperament and physical activity in young children
Authors: Yates Julia , Tucker Patricia , Johnson Andrew M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren's temperament has been noted to influence their physical activity (PA) levels. Therefore, understanding the influence of temperament during the early years may be helpful for developing appropriate PA habits and tailoring interventions to align with different personality traits.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child temperament and objectively‐measured PA in preschool‐aged children.MethodsData were collected as part of the Supporting Physical Activity in the Childcare Environment (SPACE) and SPACE extension studies. Temperament data were collected using the validated Very Short Form of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire, which assessed three dimensions of temperament (i.e., surgency, negative affect and effortful control). Physical activity data were measured during childcare hours over the course of 5 days, using Actical® accelerometers. Total PA was summed, along with light and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA using age‐specific cut‐points. Three regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the prediction of PA by the dimensions of temperament.ResultsA total of 399 participants (Mage = 3.34 years, SD = 0.63) were retained for analyses, wearing an accelerometer an average of 7.21 h/day. Temperament significantly predicted all three PA levels (P < 0.05), with both negative affect and surgency being significantly associated with PA.ConclusionSurgency is typified by a predisposition towards high activity levels; therefore, it is not surprising that it was the primary predictor of young children's PA. Future research may investigate methods of targeting PA interventions towards children with temperaments that may not predispose them to seeking out increased activity levels.
Five‐year‐old children value reasons in apologies for belief‐based accidents
Authors: Waddington Owen , Proft Marina , Jensen Keith , Köymen Bahar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccidents can be intent‐based (unintended action‐unintended outcome) or belief‐based (intended action‐unintended outcome). As compared to intent‐based accidents, giving reasons is more crucial for belief‐based accidents because the transgressor appears to have intentionally transgressed. In Study 1, UK‐based preschoolers who were native English speakers (N = 96, 53 girls, collected 2020–2021) witnessed two intent‐based or belief‐based accidents; one transgressor apologized, the other apologized with a reason. Five‐year‐olds, but not 4‐year‐olds, favored the reason‐giving transgressor following a belief‐based accident but not an intent‐based accident (where an apology sufficed). In Study 2, 5‐year‐olds (N = 48, 25 girls, collected 2021) distinguished between “good” and “bad” reasons for the harm caused. Thus, 5‐year‐old children recognize when reasons should accompany apologies and account for the quality of these reasons.
Adapting private family time in child protective services decision‐making processes
Authors: Lalayants Marina , Merkel‐Holguin Lisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Family Group Conference (FGC) is grounded in a rights‐based framework, whereby children and their families have the right and responsibility to be primary decision‐makers when child protection issues arise, and the statutory agency has the responsibility to convene the entitled members of the family network to lead the decision‐making. A distinct core component of FGC—private family time (PFT)—allows families to discuss the information and formulate their responses and plans privately during conferencing. This paper describes how a large child welfare agency in the United States adapted PFT in two ways: (1) including a parent advocate (PA) and (2) abbreviating the amount of time allowed for this discussion. Given the lack of empirical research on the PFT component, this qualitative exploratory study sought to understand the functions and perceived impacts of PA‐supported PFT during initial child protective services (CPS) conferences at which decisions of child removal or placement were being contemplated. PFT served multiple beneficial functions and impacted families in several positive ways: families gained greater awareness of safety concerns, felt empowered and confident in the preferred safety and service plan, became increasingly engaged and involved in the case decision‐making process and ultimately felt less apprehensive.
Accuracy of automatic and manual dynamic navigation registration techniques for dental implant surgery in posterior sites missing a single tooth: A retrospective clinical analysis
Authors: Wu Bin‐Zhang , Xue Fei , Ma Yu , Sun Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the relative accuracy of manual (U‐shaped tube) and automatic (two‐in‐one) dynamic navigation registration techniques for implant surgery performed in posterior sites missing one tooth.Materials and MethodsThis study included 58 partially edentulous patients with 58 implants, including 31 and 27 in the manual and automatic groups. Deviations between the planned and actual implant placement were assessed.ResultsThe angular deviation in the overall study cohort was 2.54 ± 1.21°, while the 3D deviations at the implant platform and apex were 0.90 ± 0.46 mm and 1.04 ± 0.47 mm, respectively. The respective angular deviations in the manual and automatic groups were 2.82 ± 1.17° and 2.21 ± 1.19° (p > .05), while platform deviations were 0.89 ± 0.48 mm and 0.91 ± 0.45 mm (p > .05), and apex deviations were 0.99 ± 0.48 mm and 1.11 ± 0.46 mm (p > .05). No significant differences in absolute buccolingual, mesiodistal, or apicocoronal deviations were detected between these groups at either level (p > .05) nor were did deviation distributions differ in the buccolingual, mesiodistal, or apicocoronal directions at the platform or apex levels (p > .05).ConclusionsManual and automatic dynamic navigation registration techniques can achieve excellent accuracy when placing implants in posterior sites missing a single tooth. The two‐in‐one automatic registration technique can reduce the amount of time and intraoperative steps necessary to complete the registration process relative to the manual U‐shaped tube registration technique. Further follow‐up studies are necessary to expand on these results.
Artemisinin exerts a protective effect in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease by inhibiting microglial activation via the TLR4/Myd88/NF‐KB pathway
Authors: Lv Jing , Zhu Jing , Wang Peihan , Liu Tongyu , Yuan Jiang , Yin Huan , Lan Yiran , Sun Qiang , Zhang Zhifeng , Ding Guoda , Zhou Chenxi , Wang Huajie , Wang Zihan , Wang Yunfu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsWe performed cell and animal experiments to explore the therapeutic effect of artemisinin on Parkinson's disease (PD) and the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway.MethodsC57 mice were randomly divided into the blank, 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced and artemisinin‐treated groups. Clinical symptoms, the number of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra, and microglial cell activation were compared among the three groups. Subsequently, BV‐2 cell activation and TLR4/Myd88 pathway component expression were compared among the blank, MPP+‐treated, artemisinin‐treated, and TLR4 activator‐treated groups.ResultsBehavioral symptoms were improved, the number of DAergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain was increased, and microglial cell activation was decreased in artemisinin‐treated MPTP‐induced PD model mice compared with control‐treated MPTP‐induced PD model mice (p < 0.05). The cell experiments revealed that artemisinin treatment reduced MPP+‐induced BV‐2 cell activation and inhibited the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway. Moreover, the effect of artemisinin on the BV‐2 cell model was inhibited by the TLR4 activator LPS (p < 0.05).ConclusionArtemisinin may reduce damage to DAergic neurons in a PD mouse model by decreasing microglial activation through the TLR4‐mediated MyD88‐dependent signaling pathway. However, this finding cannot explain the relationship between microglia and DAergic neurons.
A gospel of irresolution: Illness, trauma, and getting to hope
Authors: Thompson Deanna A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOur tellings of the Christian story often bend toward resolution while the plots of so many of our lives stubbornly resist it. If theologies and religious communities that embody them are going to be places where those who live with serious illness are able to held and supported in ways that mitigate some of their suffering, they need to be spacious enough to hold the grief, trauma, and temptations to despair that accompany those who are seriously ill. One way to do this is to take on the central Christian plotline—the one about death being transformed into new life, the one that bends toward resolution—and let it breathe. This essay begins with one story of what it is like to be undone by cancer, highlighting ways in which the lens of trauma helps illumine the depths of the challenges faced by those who are seriously ill. It then proposes how a gospel of irresolution can be good news to those undone by illness and other awfulness.
Identification of signalling downstream of the transcription factor forkhead box protein M1 that protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress in a diabetic foot ulcer model
Authors: Peng Weixia , Zhu Ting , Xiang Guangda , Ding Ting , Zhao Jun , Xiong Dan , Zhong Yaqin , Zhang Youqi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) has a significant impact on the quality of life of diabetic mellitus (DM) patients. Here, we aimed to explore the molecules with aberrant expression and their regulatory mechanisms in DFU.MethodsThe expression of gene and protein was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyse interactions among FOXM1, GAS5 and SDF4. Immunofluorescence was used to detect PDI and GRP78 expression. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis. Tube formation assay was used to determine angiogenic capacity. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was employed to determine the cellular localization of GAS5 and SDF4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The interactions among FOXM1, GAS5 and SDF4 were validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase, RNA pull‐down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.ResultsFOXM1, GAS5 and SDF4 were decreased in the skin tissues of DFU patients. High glucose (HG) stimulation induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell apoptosis but suppressed angiogenesis in HUVECs, which were abolished by FOXM1 overexpression. FOXM1 promoted GAS5 transcriptional activity, resulting in increased GAS5 expression, and GAS5 knockdown reversed the effects of FOXM1 overexpression in HG‐treated HUVECs. Moreover, GAS5 recruited TAF15 to promote SDF4 expression in HUVECs. GAS5 overexpression inhibited ER stress, cell apoptosis and induced angiogenesis in HG‐treated HUVECs which could be reversed by silencing SDF4.ConclusionOur results revealed that FOXM1 suppressed ER stress, cell apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis in HG‐induced HUVECs via mediating GAS5/TAF15/SDF4 axis, providing a novel therapeutic molecule mechanism for DFU.
Multisite validation of a host response signature for predicting likelihood of bacterial and viral infections in patients with suspected influenza
Authors: Shojaei Maryam , Chen Uan‐I , Midic Uros , Thair Simone , Teoh Sally , McLean Anthony , Sweeney Timothy E. , Thompson Matthew , Liesenfeld Oliver , Khatri Purvesh , Tang Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndiscriminate use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat. IMX‐BVN‐1, a 29‐host mRNA classifier, provides two separate scores that predict likelihoods of bacterial and viral infections in patients with suspected acute infections. We validated the performance of IMX‐BVN‐1 in adults attending acute health care settings with suspected influenza.MethodWe amplified 29‐host response genes in RNA extracted from blood by NanoString nCounter. IMX‐BVN‐1 calculated two scores to predict probabilities of bacterial and viral infections. Results were compared against the infection status (no infection; highly probable/possible infection; confirmed infection) determined by clinical adjudication.ResultsAmongst 602 adult patients (74.9% ED, 16.9% ICU, 8.1% outpatients), 7.6% showed in‐hospital mortality and 15.5% immunosuppression. Median IMX‐BVN‐1 bacterial and viral scores were higher in patients with confirmed bacterial (0.27) and viral (0.62) infections than in those without bacterial (0.08) or viral (0.21) infection, respectively. The AUROC distinguishing bacterial from nonbacterial illness was 0.81 and 0.87 when distinguishing viral from nonviral illness. The bacterial top quartile's positive likelihood ratio (LR) was 4.38 with a rule‐in specificity of 88%; the bacterial bottom quartile's negative LR was 0.13 with a rule‐out sensitivity of 96%. Similarly, the viral top quartile showed an infinite LR with rule‐in specificity of 100%; the viral bottom quartile had a LR of 0.22 and a rule‐out sensitivity of 85%.ConclusionIMX‐BVN‐1 showed high accuracy for differentiating bacterial and viral infections from noninfectious illness in patients with suspected influenza. Clinical utility of IMX‐BVN will be validated following integration into a point of care system.
Clinical activities suspended: How the COVID‐19 affected the self‐confidence of Italian dental students
Authors: Francesca Zotti , Luca Rosolin , Andrea Poscolere , Davide Pappalardo , Nicoletta Zerman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 emergency caused several effects on the dental educational system, especially affecting courses including practical activities. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the suspension of dental clinical activities on the Italian dental students' self‐confidence. Furthermore, the other purpose of the research is to find an integrative didactics solution to improve the clinical training of dentistry during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire was administered to evaluate the impact of the suspension of clinical activities on dental students' self‐confidence. A 67‐questions survey tested the students' self‐confidence in several dental disciplines (Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, Oral Surgery and Dental Emergency). The study reached a sample of 193 dental students and the answers from 9 different Italian dental schools were analysed.ResultsThe degree of students' self‐confidence for all the dental disciplines investigated was found statistically different between the periods before and after the interruption of clinical activities. The students proposed, as a potential solution to improve their practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic, to combinate the use of a video tutorials and dental simulators.ConclusionThe interruption of the training in clinical practice significantly affected the educational career and the self‐confidence of students. An alternative teaching method involving the use of video tutorials as support in teaching clinical procedures deserves to be considered.
Severity of in vivo corticospinal tract degeneration is associated with survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a longitudinal, multicohort study
Authors: Ta Daniel , Ishaque Abdullah H. , Elamy Adam , Anand Tanushka , Wu Andrew , Eurich Dean T. , Luk Collin , Yang Yee Hong , Kalra Sanjay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study sought to evaluate the relationship of progressive corticospinal tract (CST) degeneration with survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsForty‐one ALS patients and 42 healthy controls were prospectively recruited from the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium. Magnetic resonance imaging scanning and clinical evaluations were performed on participants at three serial visits with 4‐month intervals. Texture analysis was performed on T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans and the texture feature ‘autocorrelation’ was quantified. Whole‐brain group‐level comparisons were performed between patient subgroups. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate longitudinal progression. Region‐of‐interest and 3D voxel‐wise Cox proportional‐hazards regression models were constructed for survival prediction. For all survival analyses, a second independent cohort was used for model validation.ResultsAutocorrelation of the bilateral CST was increased at baseline and progressively increased over time at a faster rate in ALS short survivors. Cox proportional‐hazards regression analyses revealed autocorrelation of the CST as a significant predictor of survival at 5 years follow‐up (hazard ratio 1.28, p = 0.005). Similarly, voxel‐wise whole‐brain survival analyses revealed that increased autocorrelation of the CST was associated with shorter survival. ALS patients stratified by median autocorrelation in the CST had significantly different survival times using the Kaplan–Meier curve and log‐rank tests (χ2 = 7.402, p = 0.007).ConclusionsSeverity of cerebral degeneration is associated with survival in ALS. CST degeneration progresses faster in subgroups of patients with shorter survival. Neuroimaging holds promise as a tool to improve patient management and facilitation of clinical trials.