bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leichte Sprache
Authors: Gross Sonja 
Published: June 2023

Was ist Leichte(re) Sprache? Wie genau schreibt und spricht man leicht oder leichter? Dieses Buch gibt Antworten.
Leichte Sprache ist eine besonders einfache Sprache mit kurzen Sätzen, alltagsnahen Wörtern, prägnanten Aussagen und verständlicher Darstellung.
Studien zeigen, dass ca. ein Drittel der Erwachsenen im Alltag Mühe hat, schriftliche Informationen von Firmen, Behörden oder Medien zu verstehen. Mehr als die Hälfte der deutschen Bevölkerung hat Probleme, den Erklärungen von medizinischen und therapeutischen Fachpersonen zu folgen. Durch Leichte(re) Sprache werden gesundheitsrelevante Informationen besser verstanden und damit die Beziehungsqualität, die Patientensicherheit sowie der Therapieerfolg erhöht. Aber auch in anderen Bereichen wird Leichte(re) Sprache mit Erfolg eingesetzt, um mehr Menschen zu erreichen, Missverständnisse zu reduzieren und die Zusammenarbeit zu verbessern.
Von Leichter(er) Sprache profitieren deshalb neben medizinischen und betreuerischen Fachpersonen auch Lehrpersonen, Eltern, Führungspersonen, Politiker*innen, Behördenmitarbeitende, Angehörige von Demenzbetroffenen und viele weitere Berufsgruppen.
Dieses Buch gibt Ihnen einen Überblick über alles, was Sie über Leichte(re) Sprache wissen müssen: die Grundlagen, den Hintergrund sowie die Wirkweise. Außerdem erfahren Sie mehr über die bestehenden Regelwerke und lernen, wie Sie die Regeln optimal für sich und Ihre Ziele einsetzen können. Die Theorie wird mit kurzweiligen Beispielen vermittelt, und die enthaltenen Übungen, Tipps und Checklisten unterstützen Sie bei der eigenen Umsetzung.
Observed Structure of an Internal Tide Beam Over the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Vic Clément , Ferron Bruno 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInternal tides are key players in ocean dynamics above mid‐ocean ridges. The generation and propagation of internal tides over the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) have been studied through theoretical and numerical models, as well as through moored, that is, one‐dimensional, observations. Yet, observations remain sparse and often restricted to the vertical direction. Here we report on the first two‐dimensional in situ observation of an internal tide beam sampled by a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler through a vertical section over the MAR. The beam is generated by the interaction of the barotropic tidal current with a supercritical abyssal hill that sits in the rift valley of the MAR. A vertical mode decomposition is carried out to characterize the spatio‐temporal variability of the beam. Although the modal content of the velocity field is dominated by modes 1 to 3, higher modes display localized and not persistent bursts of energy. The use of an analytical theory for linear internal waves allows us to rationalize the observed velocity field and interpret it as the superposition of modal waves generated on the hill and propagating in the same direction. The observed beam is qualitatively reconstructed as the superposition of waves of modes 2 to 6. The velocity field was sampled seven times across the same section and displayed qualitatively different patterns, unveiling the complexity of the dynamics above the MAR. A ray tracing of modal waves shows that the refraction by mesoscale currents could explain the observed variability of the tidal beam.
Modeling PM2.5 During Severe Atmospheric Pollution Episode in Lagos, Nigeria: Spatiotemporal Variations, Source Apportionment, and Meteorological Influences
Authors: Sulaymon Ishaq Dimeji , Zhang Yuanxun , Hopke Philip K. , Ye Fei , Gong Kangjia , Mao Jianjiong , Hu Jianlin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 2021, the World Health Organization ranked Nigeria among the most polluted nations in the world, an indication of a deteriorating air quality, especially in the major urban areas of the country, which might pose adverse human health impacts. In this study, the Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) tool in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (CMAQ‐ISAM) was employed to quantify the contributions of eight emissions sectors to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its major components in Lagos during a prolonged severe atmospheric pollution episode (APE) in January 2021. The influence of meteorological conditions on the formation and dispersion of PM2.5 during the APE was also elucidated. Spatially, elevated PM2.5 concentrations were found in the northwestern region of Lagos, an urban area with larger anthropogenic emissions. Residential and industry were the two major sources of PM2.5. Residential contributed the most to total PM2.5 (∼40 μg/m3), followed by industry (∼20 μg/m3). High concentrations of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) at the northwest and upper northern areas of Lagos were majorly attributed to residential and industry sectors. In addition, sulfate accounted for the largest fraction of PM2.5, with residential, industry, and energy being its major sources. Residential, industry, and on‐road sectors dominated the contributions to nitrate, while residential and industry were the major contributors to ammonium. Furthermore, the elevated PM2.5 concentrations during the APE were greatly enhanced by unfavorable meteorological conditions. This study provides insights for designing effective emissions control strategies to mitigate future severe PM2.5 pollution episode in Lagos.
Influence of Atmospheric Circulation on Orientation of Auroral Arcs
Authors: Kozlovsky A. , Myllymaa M. , Lukianova R. , Raita T. , Lester M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe investigated statistically the orientation of about 10,000 auroral arcs observed during 2016–2021 in Abisko (68.36°N, 18.81°E, Sweden) in the equatorward part of the nightside auroral oval. The observations were made between 19 and 06 magnetic local time (MLT). On average, the orientation of the arcs, that is, the angle between an arc and the West‐East direction, linearly changed with MLT at the rate 2.2°/hr. In most cases the mean orientation of the auroral arcs near midnight was parallel to the geomagnetic latitude of Abisko, except a few late winter or spring months. These anomalies cannot be explained by geomagnetic disturbances or interplanetary conditions. They do, however, coincide with spring transitions in the atmospheric circulations from winter‐to summer‐type. The spring transitions were manifested in the data of a meteor radar in the region of observations as reversals of the zonal wind at altitudes 90–100 km from eastward to westward. We propose that these spring transition changes in the global atmospheric circulation couple also the overlying thermosphere at 100–150 km where neutral winds may affect the ionosphere and subsequently the whole ionosphere‐magnetosphere system. Then, changes in the coupled ionosphere‐magnetosphere system are manifested in changes of the orientation of auroral arcs.
The Mars Atmosphere Water Ice Aerosol Climatology by MRO/CRISM: 5 Mars Years of Observations
Authors: Khayat Alain S. J. , Smith Michael D. , Wolff Michael J. , Guzewich Scott D. , Mason Emily L. , Atwood Samuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe use near‐infrared spectra returned from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to provide retrievals of the column‐integrated optical depth of water ice aerosols for more than 5 Martian years between Mars Year (MY) 28 at Ls = 112° (27 September 2006) and MY 33 at Ls = 213° (30 August 2016). We have developed a radiative transfer model for this purpose that retrieves aerosol opacity from the water ice aerosol feature near 3.3 μm using CRISM hyperspectral observations for the first time. The resulting retrievals well depict the main features in the water ice aerosol climatology with repeatable patterns every Martian year. The aphelion cloud belt (ACB) is observed between 10°S and 30°N, with peak optical depth around Ls = 90°. Apart from the global dust storm during MY 28, modest interannual variability in the water ice aerosol optical depth is observed in the ACB. The north polar hood is observed at latitudes poleward of 45°N throughout northern spring and summer seasons and reappears in northern winter. The south polar hood is observed in early to mid‐southern autumn, reaching latitudes around 60°S, and re‐emerging during southern winter between 45°S and 60°S. A lack of water ice aerosols is repeatedly seen in the southern hemisphere throughout southern spring and summer. High optical depth in the ACB is observed over the volcanoes of Olympus Mons, Elysium, and the Tharsis bulge, as well as over Hellas Basin.
Mapping Variations in Bedrock Weathering With Slope Aspect Under a Sedimentary Ridge‐Valley System Using Near‐Surface Geophysics and Drilling
Authors: Hudson Rasmussen Berit M. , Huang Mong‐Han , Hahm W. Jesse , Rempe Daniella M. , Dralle David , Nelson Mariel D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how soil thickness and bedrock weathering vary across ridge and valley topography is needed to constrain the flowpaths of water and sediment production within a landscape. Here, we investigate saprolite and weathered bedrock properties across a ridge‐valley system in the Northern California Coast Ranges, USA, where topography varies with slope aspect such that north‐facing slopes have thicker soils and are more densely vegetated than south‐facing slopes. We use active source seismic refraction surveys to extend observations made in boreholes to the hillslope scale. Seismic velocity models across several ridges capture a high velocity gradient zone (from 1,000 to 2,500 m/s) located ∼4–13 m below ridgetops that coincides with transitions in material strength and chemical depletion observed in boreholes. Comparing this transition depth across multiple north‐ and south‐facing slopes, we find that the thickness of saprolite does not vary with slope aspects. Additionally, seismic survey lines perpendicular and parallel to bedding planes reveal weathering profiles that thicken upslope and taper downslope to channels. Using a rock physics model incorporating seismic velocity, we estimate the total porosity of the saprolite and find that inherited fractures contribute a substantial amount of pore space in the upper 6 m, and the lateral porosity structure varies strongly with hillslope position. The aspect‐independent weathering structure suggests that the contemporary critical zone structure at Rancho Venada is a legacy of past climate and vegetation conditions.
Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Hu Xiao , Xu Wei , Ren Yilong , Wang Zhaojie , He Xiaolie , Huang Runzhi , Ma Bei , Zhao Jingwei , Zhu Rongrong , Cheng Liming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate. The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the difficulties of neural regeneration in the central nervous system. In the past few decades, researchers have attempted to completely elucidate the pathological mechanism of SCI and identify effective strategies to promote axon regeneration and neural circuit remodeling, but the results have not been ideal. Recently, new pathological mechanisms of SCI, especially the interactions between immune and neural cell responses, have been revealed by single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis. With the development of bioactive materials and stem cells, more attention has been focused on forming intermediate neural networks to promote neural regeneration and neural circuit reconstruction than on promoting axonal regeneration in the corticospinal tract. Furthermore, technologies to control physical parameters such as electricity, magnetism and ultrasound have been constantly innovated and applied in neural cell fate regulation. Among these advanced novel strategies and technologies, stem cell therapy, biomaterial transplantation, and electromagnetic stimulation have entered into the stage of clinical trials, and some of them have already been applied in clinical treatment. In this review, we outline the overall epidemiology and pathophysiology of SCI, expound on the latest research progress related to neural regeneration and circuit reconstruction in detail, and propose future directions for SCI repair and clinical applications.
Real-world data of long-term survival in patients with T-cell lymphoma who underwent stem cell transplantation
Authors: Baek Dong Won , Moon Joon Ho , Lee Jae Hoon , Kang Ka-Won , Lee Ho Sup , Eom Hyeon-Seok , Lee Enuyoung , Lee Ji Hyun , Lee Jeong-Ok , Park Seong Kyu , Kim Seok Jin , Yoo Keon Hee , Yoon Sung-Soo , Koh Youngil , Kang Hyoung Jin , Won Jong-Ho , Lyu Chuhl Joo , Hahn Seung Min , Lee Jung-Hee , Park Joon Seong , Jo Jae-Cheol , Mun Yeung-Chul , Yang Deok-Hwan , Song Ga-Young , Lim Sung-Nam , Sohn Sang Kyun ,   The Korean Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the benefits of autologous-stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) and allogeneic-SCT (allo-SCT) in patients with aggressive T-cell lymphomas to aid in the selection of transplantation type in clinical practice. This study retrospectively analyzed data from 598 patients who underwent transplantation for T-cell lymphomas from 2010 to 2020. In total, 317 patients underwent up-front SCT as consolidation therapy. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 68.7% and 76.1%, respectively. Patients who underwent auto-SCT had significantly better OS (p = 0.026) than those who underwent allo-SCT; however, no statistical difference in PFS was found. Transplantation was used as a salvage therapy in 188 patients who had relapsed/refractory disease. Overall, 96 (51.1%) patients underwent auto-SCT and 92 (48.9%) patients underwent allo-SCT. Auto-SCT improved long-term survival in patients with complete remission (CR). Allo-SCT demonstrated better 3-year PFS in patients with partial remission and relapsed/refractory disease status. However, >50% of patients died within 1 year of allo-SCT. As a consolidative therapy, up-front auto-SCT demonstrated a survival benefit. Auto-SCT was also effective in patients who achieved CR after salvage therapy. If the disease persists or cannot be controlled, allo-SCT may be considered with reduced intensity conditioning.
Impaired AIF-CHCHD4 interaction and mitochondrial calcium overload contribute to auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in patient-iPSC-derived neurons with AIFM1 variant
Authors: Qiu Yue , Wang Hongyang , Fan Mingjie , Pan Huaye , Guan Jing , Jiang Yangwei , Jia Zexiao , Wu Kaiwen , Zhou Hui , Zhuang Qianqian , Lei Zhaoying , Ding Xue , Cai Huajian , Dong Yufei , Yan Lei , Lin Aifu , Fu Yong , Zhang Dong , Yan Qingfeng , Wang Qiuju 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAuditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a hearing impairment caused by dysfunction of inner hair cells, ribbon synapses, spiral ganglion neurons and/or the auditory nerve itself. Approximately 1/7000 newborns have abnormal auditory nerve function, accounting for 10%-14% of cases of permanent hearing loss in children. Although we previously identified the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant to be associated with ANSD, the mechanism by which ANSD is associated with AIFM1 is poorly understood. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via nucleofection with episomal plasmids. The patient-specific iPSCs were edited via CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate gene-corrected isogenic iPSCs. These iPSCs were further differentiated into neurons via neural stem cells (NSCs). The pathogenic mechanism was explored in these neurons. In patient cells (PBMCs, iPSCs, and neurons), the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant caused a novel splicing variant (c.1267-1305del), resulting in AIF p.R422Q and p.423-435del proteins, which impaired AIF dimerization. Such impaired AIF dimerization then weakened the interaction between AIF and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4). On the one hand, the mitochondrial import of ETC complex subunits was inhibited, subsequently leading to an increased ADP/ATP ratio and elevated ROS levels. On the other hand, MICU1-MICU2 heterodimerization was impaired, leading to mCa2+ overload. Calpain was activated by mCa2+ and subsequently cleaved AIF for its translocation into the nucleus, ultimately resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis. Interestingly, correction of the AIFM1 variant significantly restored the structure and function of AIF, further improving the physiological state of patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. This study demonstrates that the AIFM1 variant is one of the molecular bases of ANSD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially mCa2+ overload, plays a prominent role in ANSD associated with AIFM1. Our findings help elucidate the mechanism of ANSD and may lead to the provision of novel therapies.
Striatal cholinergic interneuron membrane voltage tracks locomotor rhythms in mice
Authors: Shroff Sanaya N. , Lowet Eric , Sridhar Sudiksha , Gritton Howard J. , Abumuaileq Mohammed , Tseng Hua-An , Cheung Cyrus , Zhou Samuel L. , Kondabolu Krishnakanth , Han Xue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRhythmic neural network activity has been broadly linked to behavior. However, it is unclear how membrane potentials of individual neurons track behavioral rhythms, even though many neurons exhibit pace-making properties in isolated brain circuits. To examine whether single-cell voltage rhythmicity is coupled to behavioral rhythms, we focused on delta-frequencies (1–4 Hz) that are known to occur at both the neural network and behavioral levels. We performed membrane voltage imaging of individual striatal neurons simultaneously with network-level local field potential recordings in mice during voluntary movement. We report sustained delta oscillations in the membrane potentials of many striatal neurons, particularly cholinergic interneurons, which organize spikes and network oscillations at beta-frequencies (20–40 Hz) associated with locomotion. Furthermore, the delta-frequency patterned cellular dynamics are coupled to animals’ stepping cycles. Thus, delta-rhythmic cellular dynamics in cholinergic interneurons, known for their autonomous pace-making capabilities, play an important role in regulating network rhythmicity and movement patterning.
Patterns and determinants of the global herbivorous mycobiome
Authors: Meili Casey H. , Jones Adrienne L. , Arreola Alex X. , Habel Jeffrey , Pratt Carrie J. , Hanafy Radwa A. , Wang Yan , Yassin Aymen S. , TagElDein Moustafa A. , Moon Christina D. , Janssen Peter H. , Shrestha Mitesh , Rajbhandari Prajwal , Nagler Magdalena , Vinzelj Julia M. , Podmirseg Sabine M. , Stajich Jason E. , Goetsch Arthur L. , Hayes Jerry , Young Diana , Fliegerova Katerina , Grilli Diego Javier , Vodička Roman , Moniello Giuseppe , Mattiello Silvana , Kashef Mona T. , Nagy Yosra I. , Edwards Joan A. , Dagar Sumit Singh , Foote Andrew P. , Youssef Noha H. , Elshahed Mostafa S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite their role in host nutrition, the anaerobic gut fungal (AGF) component of the herbivorous gut microbiome remains poorly characterized. Here, to examine global patterns and determinants of AGF diversity, we generate and analyze an amplicon dataset from 661 fecal samples from 34 mammalian species, 9 families, and 6 continents. We identify 56 novel genera, greatly expanding AGF diversity beyond current estimates (31 genera and candidate genera). Community structure analysis indicates that host phylogenetic affiliation, not domestication status and biogeography, shapes the community rather than. Fungal-host associations are stronger and more specific in hindgut fermenters than in foregut fermenters. Transcriptomics-enabled phylogenomic and molecular clock analyses of 52 strains from 14 genera indicate that most genera with preferences for hindgut hosts evolved earlier (44-58 Mya) than those with preferences for foregut hosts (22-32 Mya). Our results greatly expand the documented scope of AGF diversity and provide an ecologically and evolutionary-grounded model to explain the observed patterns of AGF diversity in extant animal hosts.
In major joint diseases the human synovium retains its potential to form repair cartilage
Authors: Hunziker Ernst B. , Shintani Nahoko , Lippuner Kurt , Vögelin Esther , Keel Marius J. B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe inner surface layer of human joints, the synovium, is a source of stem cells for the repair of articular cartilage defects. We investigated the potential of the normal human synovium to form novel cartilage and compared its chondrogenic capacity with that of two patient groups suffering from major joint diseases: young adults with femoro-acetabular impingement syndromes of the hip (FAI), and elderly individuals with osteoarthritic degeneration of the knee (OA). Synovial membrane explants of these three patient groups were induced in vitro to undergo chondrogenesis by growth factors: bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) alone, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) alone, or a combination of these two. Quantitative evaluations of the newly formed cartilages were performed respecting their gene activities, as well as the histochemical, immunhistochemical, morphological and histomorphometrical characteristics. Formation of adult articular-like cartilage was induced by the BMP-2/TGF-β1 combination within all three groups, and was confirmed by adequate gene-expression levels of the anabolic chondrogenic markers; the levels of the catabolic markers remained low. Our data reveal that the chondrogenic potential of the normal human synovium remains uncompromised, both in FAI and OA. The potential of synovium-based clinical repair of joint cartilage may thus not be impaired by age-related joint pathologies.
Data driven of underground water level using artificial intelligence hybrid algorithms
Authors: Rahimi Mohammadtaghi , Ebrahimi Hossein 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs the population grows, industry and agriculture have also developed and water resources require quantitative and qualitative management. Currently, the management of water resources is essential in the exploitation and development of these resources. For this reason, it is important to study water level fluctuations to check the amount of underground water storage. It is vital to study the level of underground water in Khuzestan province with a dry climate. The methods which exist for predicting and managing water resources are used in studies according to their strengths and weaknesses and according to the conditions. In recent years, artificial intelligence has been used extensively for groundwater resources worldwide. Since artificial intelligence models have provided good results in water resources up to now, in this study, the hybrid model of three new recombined methods including FF-KNN, ABC-KNN and DL-FF-KNN-ABC-MLP has been used to predict the underground water level in Khuzestan province (Qale-Tol area). The novelty of this technique is that it first does classification by presenting the first block (combination of FF-DWKNN algorithm) and predicts with the second block (combination of ABC-MLP algorithm). The algorithm’s ability to decrease data noise will be enabled by this feature. In order to predict this key and important parameter, a part of the data related to wells 1–5 has been used to build artificial intelligence hybrid models and also to test these models, and to check this model three wells 6–8 have been used for the development of these models. After checking the results, it is clear that the statistical RMSE values of this algorithm including test, train and total data are 0.0451, 0.0597 and 0.0701, respectively. According to the results presented in the table reports, the performance accuracy of DL-FF-KNN-ABC-MLP for predicting this key parameter is very high.