bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imagining the next pandemic: Finnish preparedness for chronic transboundary crises before and during COVID‐19
Authors: Räisänen Helmi , Eronen Jussi T. , Hukkinen Janne I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBefore the COVID‐19 pandemic, infectious disease experts had postulated that the next pandemic is only a matter of time, and Finland, among other nations, had prepared for it. Yet the COVID‐19 pandemic crossed the customary political, functional, and temporal boundaries of crisis management to a surprising degree. This study analyses pandemic preparedness among Finnish infectious disease experts at the central government level before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2017–2021). The study is based on interview material, participant observation in the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare's infectious disease unit in 2017, and health security‐related document analysis. By analyzing expert perceptions of preparedness in two points of time, the study provides insights on the challenges that increasingly transboundary crises have posed for preparedness efforts. The experts perceived that pandemic preparedness would benefit from a more generic approach to planning and from more comprehensive risk assessments and policy advice. The analysis shows that Finnish crisis management had overlooked the extent of transboundedness of present‐day crises and is lacking consideration of how crises turn into chronic conditions that deplete capacities over time. The crisis man.agement regime needs to develop structures to better analyze systemic risks and to extend its timeframe to cover long‐term crises.
Precision Therapy of Recurrent Breast Cancer through Targeting Different Malignant Tumor Cells with a HER2/CD44‐Targeted Hydrogel Nanobot
Authors: Chen Juan , Li Jinjin , Sun Xiaolu , Lu Huixia , Liu Kuai , Li Zhenbo , Guan Jianyue , Song Huiling , Wei Wei , Ge Yanhong , Fan Qiong , Bao Wei , Ma Buyong , Du Zixiu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHeterogeneity and drug resistance of tumor cells are the leading causes of incurability and poor survival for patients with recurrent breast cancer. In order to accurately deliver the biological anticancer drugs to different subtypes of malignant tumor cells for omnidirectional targeted treatment of recurrent breast cancer, a distinct design is demonstrated by embedding liposome‐based nanocomplexes containing pro‐apoptotic peptide and survivin siRNA drugs (LPR) into Herceptin/hyaluronic acid cross‐linked nanohydrogels (Herceptin‐HA) to fabricate a HER2/CD44‐targeted hydrogel nanobot (named as ALPR). ALPR delivered cargoes to the cells overexpressing CD44 and HER2, followed by Herceptin‐HA biodegradation, subsequently, the exposed lipid component containing DOPE fused with the endosomal membrane and released peptide and siRNA into the cytoplasm. These experiments indicated that ALPR can specifically deliver Herceptin, peptide, and siRNA drugs to HER2‐positive SKBR‐3, triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐231, and HER2‐negative drug‐resistant MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. ALPR completely inhibited the growth of heterogeneous breast tumors via multichannel synergistic effects: disrupting mitochondria, downregulating the survivin gene, and blocking HER2 receptors on the surface of HER2‐positive cells. The present design overcomes the chemical drug resistance and opens a feasible route for the combinative treatment of recurrent breast cancer, even other solid tumors, utilizing different kinds of biological drugs.
Engineering CSFe Bond Confinement Effect to Stabilize Metallic‐Phase Sulfide for High Power Density Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Zhendong , Feng Huiyan , Wang Yuchen , Zhang Chengzhi , Quan Zhuohua , Xue Lingxiao , Wang Zhenxing , Feng Songhao , Ye Chong , Tan Jun , Liu Jinshui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetallic‐phase iron sulfide (e.g., Fe7S8) is a promising candidate for high power density sodium storage anode due to the inherent metal electronic conductivity and unhindered sodium‐ion diffusion kinetics. Nevertheless, long‐cycle stability can not be achieved simultaneously while designing a fast‐charging Fe7S8‐based anode. Herein, Fe7S8 encapsulated in carbon‐sulfur bonds doped hollow carbon fibers (NHCFs‐S‐Fe7S8) is designed and synthesized for sodium‐ion storage. The NHCFs‐S‐Fe7S8 including metallic‐phase Fe7S8 embrace higher electron specific conductivity, electrochemical reversibility, and fast sodium‐ion diffusion. Moreover, the carbonaceous fibers with polar CSFe bonds of NHCFs‐S‐Fe7S8 exhibit a fixed confinement effect for electrochemical conversion intermediates contributing to long cycle life. In conclusion, combined with theoretical study and experimental analysis, the multinomial optimized NHCFs‐S‐Fe7S8 is demonstrated to integrate a suitable structure for higher capacity, fast charging, and longer cycle life. The full cell shows a power density of 1639.6 W kg−1 and an energy density of 204.5 Wh kg−1, respectively, over 120 long cycles of stability at 1.1 A g−1. The underlying mechanism of metal sulfide structure engineering is revealed by in‐depth analysis, which provides constructive guidance for designing the next generation of durable high‐power density sodium storage anodes.
Multicomponent flexible organic crystals
Authors: Ding Xuehua , Wei Chuanxin , Wang Lizhi , Yang Jing , Huang Wenxin , Chang Yongzheng , Ou Changjin , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlexible organic crystals are emerging as a potential candidate for smart materials and have aroused great interest over the past decade. In view of multicomponent supramolecular synthesis with a distinct advantage over single‐component approach on the control of molecular arrangements and physicochemical properties, we take note of various multicomponent flexible organic crystals in the range from organic co‐crystals, supramolecular salts, solvates, doping organic crystals to solid solution crystals, showing a great diversity of supramolecular architectures such as one‐dimensional columns, two‐dimensional layer packing, and three‐dimensional interlocked structures. Some of them serve as promising multifunctional materials with both flexibility and photoelectric properties such as fluorescence, optical waveguide, and ferroelectricity. In this review, we focus on the packing structures of multicomponent flexible organic crystals and their related mechanical properties, highlight typical research works, and point out the main possible directions that remain to be developed in this field. From the perspectives of crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry, the flexible crystals outlined here should offer helpful information for further design and investigation on the elusive class of mechanically compliant crystalline compounds.
Comorbidities, biomarkers and cause specific mortality in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A phenome‐wide association study
Authors: Seeling Katharina Sophie , Hehl Leonida , Vell Mara Sophie , Rendel Miriam Daphne , Creasy Kate Townsend , Trautwein Christian , Mehler David Marc Anton , Keszthelyi Daniel , Schneider Kai Markus , Schneider Carolin Victoria 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional digestive disorders. Our understanding about its comorbidities, biomarkers, or long‐term risks is still incomplete.ObjectiveTo characterize comorbidities and biomarkers for IBS and establish the effect of IBS on overall‐ and cause specific mortality.MethodsWe analyzed data from the population‐based cohort of the UK Biobank (UKB) with 493,974 participants, including self‐reported physician‐diagnosed (n = 20,603) and ICD‐10 diagnosed (n = 7656) IBS patients, with a mean follow‐up of 11 years. We performed a phenome‐wide association study (PheWAS) and competing risk analysis to characterize common clinical features in IBS patients.ResultsIn PheWAS analyses, 260 PheCodes were significantly overrepresented in self‐reported physician‐diagnosed IBS patients, 633 in patients with ICD‐10 diagnosed IBS (ICD‐10‐IBS), with 221 (40%) overlapping. In addition to gastrointestinal diseases, psychiatric, musculoskeletal, and endocrine/metabolic disorders represented the most strongly associated PheCodes in IBS patients. Self‐reported physician‐diagnosed IBS was not associated with increased overall mortality and the risk of death from cancer was decreased (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.7–0.9]). Lastly, we evaluated changes in serum metabolites in IBS patients and identified glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) as a potential biomarker in IBS. One standard deviation increase in GlycA raised the risk of self‐reported IBS/ICD‐10 coded by 9%–20% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09 [95% CI = 1.1–1.1]/OR = 1.20 [95% CI = 1.1–1.3]) and the risk of overall mortality in ICD‐10‐IBS patients by 28% (HR = 1.28 [95% CI = 1.1–1.5]).ConclusionOur large‐scale association study determined IBS patients having an increased risk of several different comorbidities and that GlycA was increased in IBS patients.
Free Field Realisation of the Chiral Universal Centraliser
Authors: Beem Christopher , Nair Sujay 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the TQFT formalism of Moore–Tachikawa for describing Higgs branches of theories of class $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
, the space associated to the unpunctured sphere in type $${{\mathfrak {g}}}$$
g
is the universal centraliser $${\mathfrak {Z}}_G$$

Z
G

, where $${{\mathfrak {g}}}=Lie(G)$$

g
=
L
i
e
(
G
)

. In more physical terms, this space arises as the Coulomb branch of pure $${\mathcal {N}}=4$$

N
=
4

gauge theory in three dimensions with gauge group $${{\check{G}}}$$

G
ˇ

, the Langlands dual. In the analogous formalism for describing chiral algebras of class $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
, the vertex algebra associated to the sphere has been dubbed the chiral universal centraliser. In this paper, we construct an open, symplectic embedding from a cover of the Kostant–Toda lattice of type $${{\mathfrak {g}}}$$
g
to the universal centraliser of G—extending a classic result of Kostant. Using this embedding and some observations on the Poisson algebraic structure of $${\mathfrak {Z}}_G$$

Z
G

, we propose a free field realisation of the chiral universal centraliser for any simple group G. We exploit this realisation to develop free field realisations of chiral algebras of class $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
of type $${{\mathfrak {a}}}_1$$

a
1

for theories of genus zero with $$n=1,\ldots ,6$$

n
=
1
,
…
,
6

punctures. These realisations make generalised S-duality completely manifest, and the generalisation to $$n\geqslant 7$$

n
⩾
7

punctures is conceptually clear, though technically burdensome.
Imaging of early-stage osteoarthritis: the needs and challenges for diagnosis and classification
Authors: Oei Edwin H. G. , Runhaar Jos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In an effort to boost the development of new management strategies for OA, there is currently a shift in focus towards the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage OA. It is important to distinguish diagnosis from classification of early-stage OA. Diagnosis takes place in clinical practice, whereas classification is a process to stratify participants with OA in clinical research. For both purposes, there is an important opportunity for imaging, especially with MRI. The needs and challenges differ for early-stage OA diagnosis versus classification. Although it fulfils the need of high sensitivity and specificity for making a correct diagnosis, implementation of MRI in clinical practice is challenged by long acquisition times and high costs. For classification in clinical research, more advanced MRI protocols can be applied, such as quantitative, contrast-enhanced, or hybrid techniques, as well as advanced image analysis methods including 3D morphometric assessments of joint tissues and artificial intelligence approaches. It is necessary to follow a step-wise and structured approach that comprises, technical validation, biological validation, clinical validation, qualification, and cost-effectiveness, before new imaging biomarkers can be implemented in clinical practice or clinical research.
Intensity of mental health treatment of cancer-related psychopathology: the predictive role of Early Maladaptive Schemas
Authors: de Vlaming Irene H. , Schellekens Melanie P. J. , van der Lee Marije L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
With the limited availability of mental healthcare, it is of utmost importance to provide care that matches the needs of patients: short if possible, but also more intense when necessary. This study explored whether Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) play a predictive role in the intensity of needed mental health treatment of cancer-related psychopathology.

Methods
EMSs were assessed before mental health treatment in 256 patients who sought help at a specialized mental health care centre for those affected by cancer in the Netherlands. Data about treatment indication and intensity of mental health treatment were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess the predictive value of the EMSs total score and specific domains on treatment indication and treatment intensity.

Results
The presence of more severe EMSs predicted an indication for a more intense mental health treatment before start of the treatment, and actual more intense mental health treatment. The domain Impaired Autonomy and Performance appeared to be conceptually close to the domain Disconnection and Rejection, we left the latter out in our multivariate analysis and then found that Impaired Autonomy was the best predictor of intensity of mental health treatment.

Conclusion
Our findings imply that assessing EMSs could help to identify patients who will receive more treatment time.
Optimal proportional and excess-of-loss reinsurance for multiple classes of insurance business
Authors: Torrente Maria-Laura 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we consider a reinsurance strategy which combines a proportional and an excess-of-loss reinsurance in a risk model with multiple dependent classes of insurance business. Under the assumption that the claim number of the classes has a multivariate Poisson distribution, the aim is to maximize the expected utility of terminal wealth. In a general setting, after deriving the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, we prove a Verification Theorem and identify sufficient conditions for the optimality. Then, in a special case with exponential utility, an explicit solution is found by solving an intricate associated static constrained optimization problem.
Sexual and Physical Victimization and Health Correlates Among Norwegian Adolescents
Authors: Frøyland Lars Roar , Pedersen Willy , Stefansen Kari , von Soest Tilmann 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLarge-scale epidemiological studies have documented that many children and adolescents are exposed to different forms of victimization experiences. However, such population-based studies have rarely examined how specific types of victimization are correlated with health indicators. Thus, we investigated sexual victimization, physical victimization by parents, and physical victimization by peers and their associations with sexual health, mental health, and substance use. We gathered data from a nationally representative sample of Norwegian 18–19-year-old students in their final year of senior high school (N = 2075; 59.1% girls). The analyses showed that 12.1% of the adolescents reported sexual victimization experiences. Physical victimization was more prevalent: 19.5% of the respondents had been exposed to victimization from parents and 18.9% from peers. Multivariate analyses revealed specific associations between sexual victimization and a range of sexual health indicators, such as early sexual intercourse debut, many sexual partners, engaging in sex without contraception while intoxicated, and participating in sexual acts for payment. Neither physical victimization from parents nor from peers were correlated with these variables. However, all three forms of victimization were associated with impaired mental health and potential substance use problems. We conclude that a variety of victimization experiences should be addressed in policies for prevention of adolescent mental health and substance use problems. In addition, a special emphasis is warranted regarding sexual victimization: Sexual health policies should address such potential experiences in addition to more traditional themes such as reproductive health and should also include low-threshold services for young victims of sexual victimization.
Morphology on Categorical Distributions
Authors: Ørting Silas Nyboe , Stephensen Hans Jacob Teglbjærg , Sporring Jon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMathematical morphology (MM) is an indispensable tool for post-processing. Several extensions of MM to categorical images, such as multi-class segmentations, have been proposed. However, none provide satisfactory definitions for morphology on probabilistic representations of categorical images. The categorical distribution is a natural choice for representing uncertainty about categorical images. Extending MM to categorical distributions is problematic because categories are inherently unordered. Without ranking categories, we cannot use the standard framework based on supremum and infimum. Ranking categories is impractical and problematic. Instead, we consider the probabilistic representation and operations that emphasize a single category. In this work, we review and compare previous approaches. We propose two approaches for morphology on categorical distributions: operating on Dirichlet distributions over the parameters of the distributions and operating directly on the distributions. We propose a “protected” variant of the latter and demonstrate the proposed approaches by fixing misclassifications and modeling annotator bias.
CTLA4-Ig Effectively Controls Clinical Deterioration and Immune Condition in a Murine Model of Foxp3 Deficiency
Authors: Gerbaux Margaux , Roos Evelyne , Willemsen Mathijs , Staels Frederik , Neumann Julika , Bücken Leoni , Haughton Jeason , Yshii Lidia , Dooley James , Schlenner Susan , Humblet-Baron Stephanie , Liston Adrian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
FOXP3 deficiency results in severe multisystem autoimmunity in both mice and humans, driven by the absence of functional regulatory T cells. Patients typically present with early and severe autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, dermatitis, and severe inflammation of the gut, leading to villous atrophy and ultimately malabsorption, wasting, and failure to thrive. In the absence of successful treatment, FOXP3-deficient patients usually die within the first 2 years of life. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provides a curative option but first requires adequate control over the inflammatory condition. Due to the rarity of the condition, no clinical trials have been conducted, with widely unstandardized therapeutic approaches. We sought to compare the efficacy of lead therapeutic candidates rapamycin, anti-CD4 antibody, and CTLA4-Ig in controlling the physiological and immunological manifestations of Foxp3 deficiency in mice.

Method
We generated Foxp3-deficient mice and an appropriate clinical scoring system to enable direct comparison of lead therapeutic candidates rapamycin, nondepleting anti-CD4 antibody, and CTLA4-Ig.

Results
We found distinct immunosuppressive profiles induced by each treatment, leading to unique protective combinations over distinct clinical manifestations. CTLA4-Ig provided superior breadth of protective outcomes, including highly efficient protection during the transplantation process.

Conclusion
These results highlight the mechanistic diversity of pathogenic pathways initiated by regulatory T cell loss and suggest CTLA4-Ig as a potentially superior therapeutic option for FOXP3-deficient patients.
Protein structure prediction with energy minimization and deep learning approaches
Authors: Filgueiras Juan Luis , Varela Daniel , Santos José 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the advantages and problems of two alternatives for ab initio protein structure prediction. On one hand, recent approaches based on deep learning, which have significantly improved prediction results for a wide variety of proteins, are discussed. On the other hand, methods based on protein conformational energy minimization and with different search strategies are analyzed. In this latter case, our methods based on a memetic combination between differential evolution and the fragment replacement technique are included, incorporating also the possibility of niching in the evolutionary search. Different proteins have been used to analyze the pros and cons in both approaches, proposing possibilities of integration of both alternatives.
Regularised Volterra series models for modelling of nonlinear self-excited forces on bridge decks
Authors: Skyvulstad Henrik , Petersen Øyvind W. , Argentini Tommaso , Zasso Alberto , Øiseth Ole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVolterra series models are considered an attractive approach for modelling nonlinear aerodynamic forces for bridge decks since they extend the convolution integral to higher dimensions. Optimal identification of nonlinear systems is a challenging task since there are typically many unknown variables that need to be determined, and it is vital to avoid overfitting. Several methods exist for identifying Volterra kernels from experimental data, but a large class of them put restrictions on the system inputs, making them infeasible for section model tests of bridge decks. A least-squares identification method does not restrict the inputs, but the identified model often struggles with noisy (non-smooth) kernels, which is deemed to be unphysical and a sign of overfitting. In this work, regularised least-squares identification is introduced to improve the performance of model identification using least-squares. Standard Tikhonov regularisation and other penalty techniques that impose decaying kernels are also explored. The performance of the methodology is studied using experimental data from wind tunnel tests of a twin deck section. The regularised Volterra models show equal or better results in terms of modelling the self-excited forces, and the regularisation makes the models less prone to overfitting.
An anthropological perspective on contextualizing entrepreneurship
Authors: Verver Michiel , Koning Juliette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper develops an anthropological perspective on contextualizing entrepreneurship. We argue that interconnectedness is the quintessence of such a perspective and takes the form of (1) sociocultural ties between people; (2) interrelationships between micro, meso, and macro levels; and (3) connections between the past and the present. We illustrate this perspective through our research among ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs in Southeast Asia, identifying three kinds of sociocultural ties among the ethnic Chinese (kinship, spiritual, and patron-client ties) and positioning these ties in the historical and contemporary experiences of Chinese migration, settlement, and business venturing. In doing so, we show that an anthropological perspective broadens the empirical scope (including developing countries, minority groups, and “everyday” entrepreneurship), the methodological scope (employing ethnographic methods), and the conceptual scope (considering sociocultural ties at the interpersonal level) of entrepreneurship research. The contribution lies in operationalizing and theorizing context: we operationalize context through interconnectedness – comprising our three forms as well as ethnographic methodology to examine these – and theorize interconnectedness by elaborating how entrepreneurs “do” context through enacting the sociocultural ties that “embody” this context, while considering the micro-meso-macro and past-present connections that have engendered these ties. Our anthropological perspective presents a fine-grained and holistic analytical framework for contextualizing entrepreneurship.