bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust, Social Support and Hope Resources
Authors: Krafft Andreas M. , Chukwuorji JohnBosco Chika , Choubisa Rajneesh , Conte Stella , Fenouillet Fabien , Flores-Lucas Valle , Guse Tharina , Kasprzak Elżbieta , Martin-Krumm Charles , Marujo Helena Agueda , Nair Chitra S. , Redlich-Amirav Dorit , Sinclair Mark , Slezackova Alena , Stecz Patryk , Varsos Olga , Herrera Eduardo Wills 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current chapter is dedicated to the exploration of different sources and activities of hope across countries. In particular, we explore how these serve as expressions of trust and confidence in the availability of resources, nourishing the belief in the feasibility and supporting the realization of wished-for goods considered to be possible, although not necessarily probable. Following an interdisciplinary approach, we integrated perspectives from the disciplines of Positive Psychology, Risk Management, and the Philosophy of Hope to elucidate the difference between trust and confidence. We further differentiate between perceived hope, on the one hand, and dispositional hope and optimism, on the other, backed in this interdisciplinary approach. Using data from the Hope Barometer in 2018 and 2019 we investigated the role of internal and external sources and activities of hope in two studies. Study 1 comprised 12 countries (N = 10,193) and aimed to analyze several personal and external hope sources with a specific focus on social support, religiosity and the feeling of luck in relation to hope. Study 2 was performed with 8 samples from 7 countries (N = 6245), centering on the assessment of several hope activities and their effects on perceived hope. Our findings highlight the importance of social, religious and other external factors of hope, demonstrate the differential nature of perceived and dispositional hope, and show significant differences between countries regarding the role of trust in individual capabilities, in emotional and instrumental support as well as in religious/spiritual experiences and practices.
Mastering the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: From Anxiety to Hope
Authors: Krafft Andreas M. , Chukwuorji JohnBosco Chika , Choubisa Rajneesh , Comte Stella , Fenouillet Fabien , Flores-Lucas Valle , Guse Tharina , Kasprzak Elżbieta , Martin-Krumm Charles , Marujo Helena Agueda , Nair Chitra , Sinclair Mark , Slezackova Alena , Stecz Patryk , Varsos Olga 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents selected results of the Hope Barometer survey during the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021. Against the background of the intense feelings of stress and anxiety in these times of crisis, we first review current theories on psychological stress and coping, present results of our empirical studies during the pandemic and then focus on the role and importance of hope in relation to positive coping styles, well-being, and stress-related personal growth. A central aim of our research is to investigate the role of culture in the perception of stress and hope (as the counterpart of anxiety) and in the choice of different coping strategies, as evident in their relationship to experiences of well-being and personal growth. We compared the results of 11 countries with cross-sectional data collected in November 2019 (N = 9092), November 2020 (N = 9536) and November 2021 (N = 9093). After reporting general findings, we engage in an analysis of the most striking differences between the countries. Our results revealed that a majority of the participants experienced moderate stress levels, but with significant differences between the samples and notable changes between 2020 and 2021. Most people, especially in more collectivistic countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, India, and Portugal, remained hopeful, applied positive coping strategies, and enjoyed moderate to high levels of well-being and personal growth. Our findings highlight the importance of emotion-focused, social, and religious coping sources, besides problem-focused coping, for mastering the crisis, which are predominant in collectivistic societies.
The quantum detection of projectors in finite-dimensional algebras and holography
Authors: Geloun Joseph Ben , Ramgoolam Sanjaye 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We define the computational task of detecting projectors in finite dimensional associative algebras with a combinatorial basis, labelled by representation theory data, using combinatorial central elements in the algebra. In the first example, the projectors belong to the centre of a symmetric group algebra and are labelled by Young diagrams with a fixed number of boxes n. We describe a quantum algorithm for the task based on quantum phase estimation (QPE) and obtain estimates of the complexity as a function of n. We compare to a classical algorithm related to the projector identification problem by the AdS/CFT correspondence. This gives a concrete proof of concept for classical/quantum comparisons of the complexity of a detection task, based in holographic correspondences. A second example involves projectors labelled by triples of Young diagrams, all having n boxes, with non-vanishing Kronecker coefficient. The task takes as input the projector, and consists of identifying the triple of Young diagrams. In both of the above cases the standard QPE complexities are polynomial in n. A third example of quantum projector detection involves projectors labelled by a triple of Young diagrams, with m, n and m + n boxes respectively, such that the associated Littlewood-Richardson coefficient is non-zero. The projector detection task is to identify the triple of Young diagrams associated with the projector which is given as input. This is motivated by a two-matrix model, related via the AdS/CFT correspondence, to systems of strings attached to giant gravitons. The QPE complexity in this case is polynomial in m and n.
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells preserve endogenous insulin production in type 1 diabetes: a Phase I/II randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Carlsson Per-Ola , Espes Daniel , Sisay Sofia , Davies Lindsay C. , Smith C. I. Edvard , Svahn Mathias G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim/hypothesis
This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of treatment with allogeneic Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in recent-onset type 1 diabetes.

Methods
A combined Phase I/II trial, composed of a dose escalation followed by a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study in parallel design, was performed in which treatment with allogeneic MSCs produced as an advanced therapy medicinal product (ProTrans) was compared with placebo in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes <2 years before enrolment, age 18–40 years and a fasting plasma C-peptide concentration >0.12 nmol/l. Randomisation was performed with a web-based randomisation system, with a randomisation code created prior to the start of the study. The randomisation was made in blocks, with participants randomised to ProTrans or placebo treatment. Randomisation envelopes were kept at the clinic in a locked room, with study staff opening the envelopes at the baseline visits. All participants and study personnel were blinded to group assignment. The study was conducted at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Results
Three participants were included in each dose cohort during the first part of the study. Fifteen participants were randomised in the second part of the study, with ten participants assigned to ProTrans treatment and five to placebo. All participants were analysed for the primary and secondary outcomes. No serious adverse events related to treatment were observed and, overall, few adverse events (mainly mild upper respiratory tract infections) were reported in the active treatment and placebo arms. The primary efficacy endpoint was defined as Δ-change in C-peptide AUC for a mixed meal tolerance test at 1 year following ProTrans/placebo infusion compared with baseline performance prior to treatment. C-peptide levels in placebo-treated individuals declined by 47%, whereas those in ProTrans-treated individuals declined by only 10% (p<0.05). Similarly, insulin requirements increased in placebo-treated individuals by a median of 10 U/day, whereas insulin needs of ProTrans-treated individuals did not change over the follow-up period of 12 months (p<0.05).

Conclusions/interpretation
This study suggests that allogeneic Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs (ProTrans) is a safe treatment for recent-onset type 1 diabetes, with the potential to preserve beta cell function.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03406585

Funding
The sponsor of the clinical trial is NextCell Pharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden.

Graphical Abstract
Stopover territoriality in songbirds crossing the Sahara: aggression and energetics during migration
Authors: Aispuro Armando Alberto , Canoine Virginie , Illa Marc , Fusani Leonida , Maggini Ivan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStopover territoriality, i.e., the defense and broadcast of an ephemeral home range during avian migration, is rare or perhaps overlooked. However, settling on a territory may allow for easier access to resources and therefore promote faster refueling despite the added costs of territory defense. We examined the occurrence of stopover territoriality and its relationship to body condition and refueling rates. We color-ringed Western Subalpine Warblers (Curruca iberiae) mapped their home ranges and measured associated habitat characteristics during a spring stopover in the Sahara. We simulated territory intrusions via song playback to quantify territorial behavior. Males aggressively defended and broadcasted their stopover territories in response to intruders. Initial body condition in males was negatively related to home range vegetation density, suggesting that males in higher condition are selective for certain territory features. Low vegetation density does not support habitat selection for foraging, but perhaps does support social monitoring or predator vigilance as its functions. Fuel deposition rates in recaptured males were unrelated to home range habitat characteristics. Female Subalpine Warblers did not use repeated home ranges yet had similar refueling rates, body conditions, and stopover durations as territorial males. Therefore, while stopover territories were selected based on body condition, territory characteristics did not influence refueling rates. Subalpine Warblers expressed reduced migratory characteristics, making prolonged stopovers of up to 27 days with low refueling rates but maintaining body condition while defending territories. These results suggest that some individuals are staging for non-energetic reasons, such as pre-breeding preparations, or transitioning between a migratory and a breeding life history stage.Significance statementTerritoriality in birds is commonly associated with breeding activities, less so with the wintering period and rarely with migratory periods. However, territoriality during migration may be energetically beneficial. During a trans-Saharan stopover, male warblers establish and defend temporary territories by singing and engaging in physical defense of home ranges, and those in better condition occupied territories with sparser vegetation. Females were not territorial but refueled at similar rates as males. Stopover territoriality did not increase access to food-rich patches, but perhaps aided in efficient social monitoring and preparations for the approaching breeding season. This is the first detailed documentation of birds defending ephemeral territories during migration, and its potential functions, costs and benefits may inform studies of full-annual cycles and life histories of many migratory species.
Failure to Rescue in Major Abdominal Surgery: A Regional Australian Experience
Authors: Divakaran Pranav , Hong Joshua Sungho , Abbas Saleh , Gwini Stella‐May , Nagra Sonalmeet , Stupart Douglas , Guest Glenn , Watters David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundFailure to rescue (FTR) is increasingly recognised as a measure of the quality care provided by a health service in recognising and responding to patient deterioration. We report the association between a patient's pre‐operative status and FTR following major abdominal surgery.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who underwent major abdominal surgery and who suffered Clavien–Dindo (CDC) III‐V complications at the University Hospital Geelong between 2012 and 2019. For each patient suffering a major complication, pre‐operative risk factors including demographics, comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)), American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) Score and biochemistry were compared for patients who survived and patients who died. Statistical analysis utilised logistic regression with results reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThere were 2579 patients who underwent major abdominal surgery, of whom 374 (14.5%) suffered CDC III‐V complications. Eighty‐eight patients subsequently died from their complication representing a 23.5% FTR and an overall operative mortality of 3.4%. Pre‐operative risk factors for FTR included ASA score ≥ 3, CCI ≥ 3 and pre‐operative serum albumin of < 35 g/L. Operative risk factors included emergency surgery, cancer surgery, greater than 500 ml intraoperative blood loss and need for ICU admission. Patients who suffered end‐organ failure were more likely to die from their complication.ConclusionIdentification of patients at high risk of FTR should they develop a complication would inform shared decision‐making, highlight the need for optimisation prior to surgery, or in some cases, result in surgery not being undertaken.
Can an individual with low frequency hearing in the candidate ear benefit from a cochlear implant even if they have normal hearing in the other ear?
Authors: Lorens Artur , Skarzynski Piotr Henryk , Obrycka Anita , Skarzynski Henryk 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine hearing preservation and subjective benefit after cochlear implant (CI) surgery in patients with low frequency hearing in the ear to be implanted (i.e., they have partial deafness, PD) and close to normal hearing in the other.

Methods
There were two study groups. The test group was made up of 12 adult patients (mean age 43.4 years; SD 13.6) with normal hearing or mild hearing loss in one ear, and with PD in the ear to be implanted. The reference group consisted of 12 adult patients (mean age 44.5 years; SD 14.1) who had PD in both ears and who underwent unilateral implantation in their worse ear. Hearing preservation was assessed 1 and 14 months after CI surgery using the Skarzynski Hearing Preservation Classification System. The APHAB questionnaire was used to evaluate the benefit from the CI.

Results
The differences in HP% between the groups were not significant: mean hearing preservation (HP%) in the test group was 82% one month after CI surgery and 75% some 14 months after implantation; corresponding results in the reference group were 71% and 69%. However, on the APHAB background noise subscale, the benefit in the test group was significantly larger than in the reference group.

Conclusion
To a large extent it was possible to preserve low-frequency hearing in the implanted ear. This means that individuals with low frequency hearing in the implanted ear (partial deafness) and with normal hearing in the other generally received more benefits from cochlear implantation than did patients with partial deafness in both ears. We conclude that residual low frequency hearing in the ear to be implanted should not be considered a contraindication for a CI in a patient with single-sided deafness.
Core needle biopsies alter the amounts of CCR5, Siglec-15, and PD-L1 positivities in breast carcinoma
Authors: Mutka Minna , Joensuu Kristiina , Heiskala Marja , Eray Mine , Heikkilä Päivi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCore needle biopsies (CNB) are widely used to diagnose breast cancer, but the procedure is invasive and thus, it changes the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study is to see how the expression of three potentially anti-inflammatory molecules, namely, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-15 (Siglec-15), and C-C chemokine receptor-5 (CCR-5), are expressed in CNB and surgical resection specimens (SRS). To do this, we compared the amounts of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the levels of CCR5, Siglec-15, and PD-L1 in tumor cells and inflammatory cells as assessed by immunohistochemistry in CNB and the corresponding SRS of 22 invasive breast carcinomas of no special type and 22 invasive lobular carcinomas. The Siglec-15 H-score was higher in tumor cells in the SRS than in the CNB groups. There was no change in tumor cells CCR5 or PD-L1 between CNB and SRS. The positive inflammatory cell numbers for all markers rose between CNB and SRS, as did the amount of Tils. Furthermore, higher grade tumors and tumors with a high proliferation rate had more inflammatory cells that were positive for the markers and also more PD-L1+ tumor cells. Although changes in inflammatory cells can partly be attributed to the larger sample size of operation specimens, the differences also mirror a true change in the tumor microenvironment. The changes in inflammatory cells could be partly due to the need to restrict excess inflammation at the site of the biopsy.
An efficient phase-field model of shear fractures using deviatoric stress split
Authors: Haghighat Ehsan , Santillán David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe propose a phase-field model of shear fractures using the deviatoric stress decomposition. This choice allows us to use general three-dimensional Mohr–Coulomb’s failure function for formulating the relations and evaluating peak and residual stresses. We apply the model to a few benchmark problems of shear fracture and strain localization and report remarkable performance. Our model is able to capture conjugate failure modes under biaxial compression test and for the slope stability problem, a challenging task for most models of geomechanics.
Taste loss in cancer patients: clinicians’ perceptions of educational materials and diagnostic tools
Authors: Galaniha Lakmani Tharaka , Nolden Alissa A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer therapy is essential and lifesaving; however, it can have short- and long-term consequences on patients’ health. Up to 87% of cancer patients report changes in taste function, yet patients report a lack of support from clinicians regarding their experience with taste loss during and following treatment. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess clinicians’ knowledge and experience with managing patients with taste loss and identify potential gaps in the availability of educational materials and diagnostic tools.

Method
In an online survey, sixty-seven participants who identify as clinicians and practice in the United States and work with cancer patients that complain of taste problems answered questions on their knowledge and experience supporting cancer patients experiencing changes in taste function and provided their opinion on access to educational materials.

Results
The current study reports gaps in participants’ knowledge of taste and taste disorder terminology, with 15.4% correctly defining both taste and flavor and roughly half were familiar with specific taste disorder classifications. Over half of the participants reported not having access to adequate information to help their patients manage taste alterations. Only two-thirds of participants reported routinely asking patients if they are experiencing changes in taste function.

Conclusion
Clinicians’ responses emphasized the need to improve access to educational materials regarding taste changes and increase the availability of information regarding management strategies. Addressing these inequities in education and improving the standard of care is the first step in improving the care for cancer patients suffering from altered taste function.
Clinical criteria and diagnostic assessment of fibromyalgia: position statement of the Italian Society of Neurology-Neuropathic Pain Study Group
Authors: Devigili G. , Di Stefano G. , Donadio V. , Frattale I. , Mantovani E. , Nolano M. , Occhipinti G. , Provitera V. , Quitadamo S. , Tamburin S. , Toscano A. , Tozza S. , Truini A. , Valeriani M. , de Tommaso M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe role of central and/or peripheral nervous system dysfunction is basically fundamental in fibromyalgia.AimThe aim of this position statement on behalf of the Neuropathic Pain Study Group of the Italian Society of Neurology is to give practical guidelines for the clinical and instrumental assessment of fibromyalgia (FM) in the neurological clinical practice, taking into consideration recent studies.MethodsCriteria for study selection and consideration were original studies, case-controls design, use of standardized methodologies for clinical practice, and FM diagnosis with ACR criteria (2010, 2011, 2016).ResultsACR criteria were revised. For diagnostic procedure of small-fiber pathology, 47 studies were totally considered.Recent diagnostic criteria should be applied (ACR, 2016). A rheumatologic visit seems mandatory. The involvement of small fibers should request at least 2 among HRV + SSR and/or laser-evoked responses and/or skin biopsy and/or corneal confocal microscopy, eventually followed by monitoring of metabolic and/or immunological/ and or/paraneoplastic basis, to be repeated at 1-year follow-up.ConclusionsThe correct diagnostic approach to FM could promote the exclusion of the known causes of small-fiber impairment. The research toward common genetic factors would be useful to promote a more specific therapeutic approach.