bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between personal and interpersonal mental health experiences and stigma-related outcomes in Hong Kong
Authors: Ng Stephanie , Reidy Hannah , Wong Paul Wai-Ching , Zayts-Spence Olga 
Published: April 2023

Background
Previous research indicates that personal mental health experiences (e.g. one's current mental health status) and interpersonal mental health experiences (e.g. one's familiarity with someone with mental illness) are associated with stigma-related outcomes. These outcomes include knowledge, attitudes and desire for social distance from people with mental illness.

Aims
To explore the extent to which current personal mental health status and familiarity with mental illness predict stigma-related outcomes in Hong Kong.

Method
Data were drawn from a larger research project examining mental well-being in Hong Kong citizens. Citizens (N = 1010) aged ≥18 years were surveyed between August and September 2021.

Results
Multiple regression analyses revealed that immediate family and friends showed better attitudinal outcomes and lower desire for social distance compared with people who did not know anyone with mental illness (all β > 1.00, all P < 0.05), whereas people with personal experience of mental illness showed higher prejudicial attitudes compared with people who did not know anyone with mental illness (β = −0.744, P = 0.016). Better current personal mental health predicted lower prejudicial attitudes (β = 0.488, P < 0.001) and mixed outcomes on different realms of mental health knowledge.

Conclusions
Cultural concerns surrounding ‘saving face’ and emphasis on collectivistic values may explain the nonlinear relationship between personal and interpersonal mental health experiences and stigma-related outcomes. Future anti-stigma interventions should tailor their approaches to the needs of people with different levels of familiarity with mental illness and include efforts to support the mental health of the overall population.
Current Trends in the Utilization of Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Among Women With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer
Authors: Pan I-Wen , Yen Tina W.F. , Bedrosian Isabelle , Shih Ya-Chen Tina 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE The clinical benefit of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early-stage breast cancer (BC) remains controversial. We examined trends and the associated factors of preoperative breast MRI use. METHODS This study cohort, constructed from Optum Clinformatics database, included women with early-stage BC who had a cancer surgery between March 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020. Preoperative breast MRI was performed between the date of BC diagnosis and index surgery. Multivariable logistic regressions, one for elderly (65 years and older) and the other for non-elderly patients (younger than 65 years), were performed to examine factors associated with the use of preoperative MRI. RESULTS Among 92,077 women with early-stage BC, the crude rate of preoperative breast MRI increased from 48% in 2008 to 60% in 2020 for nonelderly and from 27% to 34% for elderly women. For both age groups, non-Hispanic Blacks were less likely (odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI, younger than 65 years: 0.75, 0.70 to 0.81; 65 years and older: 0.77, 0.72 to 0.83) to receive preoperative MRI than non-Hispanic White patients. Across Census divisions, the highest adjusted rate was observed in Mountain division (OR compared with New England; 95% CI, younger than 65 years: 1.45, 1.27 to 1.65; 65 years and older: 2.42, 2.16 to 2.72). Other factors included younger age, fewer comorbidities, family history of BC, axillary node involvement, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for both age groups. CONCLUSION The use of preoperative breast MRI has steadily increased. Aside from clinical factors, age, race/ethnicity, and geographic location were associated with preoperative MRI use. This information is important for future implementation or deimplementation strategies of preoperative MRI.
Actively tunable nonreciprocal thermal emitter with SiC grating and anisotropy InAs film
Authors: Tang Qiaoqi , Fan Chunzhen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Under the external magnetic field, a novel design consisting of SiC grating on a magneto-optical InAs film is proposed to realize tunable nonreciprocal thermal radiation. In combination with low-loss dielectric InAs, the electric field distribution of the guided resonance broke the time-reversal symmetry and reciprocity. The nonreciprocity demonstrates a blue shift with an increased magnetic field and a perfect emission has been achieved at a low magnetic field of 1 T. The influence of the height, period, and width of gratings as well as the thickness and volume fraction of the SiC film on the performance of nonreciprocal emission are fully examined. Finally, tunable emission with different incident angles is investigated. This work may assist the application of nonreciprocal thermal emitters to convert and store energy within a wide frequency band.
Understanding Vogel-Fulcher–like equilibration times through the partial equilibration scenario
Authors: Shankaraiah N. , Murthy K. P. N. , Shenoy S. R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We test a post-quench Partial Equilibration Scenario (PES) of Ritort and colleagues, through Monte Carlo quench simulations, of a vector-spin model for a cubic-to-tetragonal, martensitic structural transition. We confirm the PES signature distribution of an exponential tail in heat releases, scaled in an effective search temperature that regulates energy-lowering passages between fixed-energy shells. Our simulations find that this effective temperature vanishes linearly in the deviation of the quench temperature from a divergence temperature, where passage bottlenecks in phase space segment their topology, and entropy barriers diverge. Equilibration delay times, exponential in the inverse effective temperature, are thus predicted to show singular Vogel-Fulcher behaviour, understood here as an arrest of PES heat releases to the bath, and confirmed by experimental data on martensitic alloys.
IGF-1 and Risk of Morbidity and Mortality From Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, and All Causes in EPIC-Heidelberg
Authors: Mukama Trasias , Srour Bernard , Johnson Theron , Katzke Verena , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContextThe functional status of organs, such as the liver, involved in IGF-1 signaling pathways influences circulating levels of IGF-1 and hence its relationship to risk of chronic disease and mortality, yet this has received limited attention.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between IGF-1 and risk of morbidity and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and all causes, accounting for liver function.MethodsThis study was a case-cohort design nested within EPIC-Heidelberg. IGF-1 was measured in 7461 stored serum samples collected from 1994 to 1998. Median follow-up for incident mortality events was 17.5 years. The case-cohort included a subcohort of 1810 men and 1890 women, in addition to 1668 incident cases of cancer (623 breast, 577 prostate, 202 lung, and 268 colorectal), and 1428 cases of CVD (707 myocardial infarctions and 723 strokes) and 2441 cases of death.ResultsHigher IGF-1 levels showed direct associations with risks of breast (1.25; 95% CI [1.06-1.47]) and prostate (1.31; [1.09-1.57]) cancers. Restricted cubic splines plots and models including IGF-1 as quintiles revealed a U-shaped relationship between the biomarker and mortality. Participants with the lowest and the highest levels of IGF-1 experienced higher hazards of mortality from cancer, CVD, and all causes. The U-shaped form of the relationship persisted but was attenuated in analyses including only participants without any indications of liver dysfunction.ConclusionThis large population-based prospective study showed that both individuals with lowest and highest levels of circulating IGF-1 were at increased risk of deaths from cancer, CVD, and all causes. For individuals with low IGF-1, the excess risks of death were more pronounced among individuals with liver cancer and cirrhosis but were also present among individuals without elevated liver enzymes.
Azimuthal invariance to looming stimuli in the Drosophila giant fiber escape circuit
Authors: Jang HyoJong , Goodman David P. , Ausborn Jessica , von Reyn Catherine R. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Spatially invariant feature detection is a property of many visual systems that rely on visual information provided by two eyes. However, how information across both eyes is integrated for invariant feature detection is not fully understood. Here, we investigated spatial invariance of looming responses in descending neurons (DNs) of Drosophila melanogaster. We found that multiple looming responsive DNs integrate looming information across both eyes, even though their dendrites are restricted to a single visual hemisphere. One DN, the giant fiber (GF), responds invariantly to looming stimuli across tested azimuthal locations. We confirmed visual information propagates to the GF from the contralateral eye, through an unidentified pathway, and demonstrated that the absence of this pathway alters GF responses to looming stimuli presented to the ipsilateral eye. Our data highlight a role for bilateral visual integration in generating consistent, looming-evoked escape responses that are robust across different stimulus locations and parameters.
Lessons from natural flight for aviation: then, now and tomorrow
Authors: Harvey Christina , de Croon Guido , Taylor Graham K. , Bomphrey Richard J. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Powered flight was once a capability limited only to animals, but by identifying useful attributes of animal flight and building on these with technological advances, engineers have pushed the frontiers of flight beyond our predecessors’ wildest imaginations. Yet, there remain many key characteristics of biological flight that elude current aircraft design, motivating a careful re-analysis of what we have learned from animals already, and how this has been revealed experimentally, as well as a specific focus on identifying what remains unknown. Here, we review the literature to identify key contributions that began in biology and have since been translated into aeronautical devices or capabilities. We identify central areas for future research and highlight the importance of maintaining an open line of two-way communication between biologists and engineers. Such interdisciplinary, bio-informed analyses continue to push forward the frontiers of aeronautics and experimental biology alike.
Oxidative Decomposition Mechanism of Ethylene Carbonate on Positive Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Qiu Yi-Fei , Murayama Haruno , Fujitomo Chisaki , Kawai Seiya , Haruta Asahi , Hiasa Takumi , Mita Hiroki , Motohashi Kazunari , Yamamoto Eiji , Tokunaga Makoto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
For extending the lifetime and improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries, the decomposition mechanism of electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries was kinetically and stereospecifically investigated in simplified reaction systems, which were in contact with the charged positive electrodes including Li1−xCoO2 as an active material removed from batteries. By identifying the products, mainly vinylene carbonate (VC) was detected by gas chromatography as an oxidation product of ethylene carbonate (EC). The kinetic isotope effects of the reaction were examined using EC and deuterium-labeled EC-D4. The kH/kD was found to be 2.9 suggesting the C–H bond cleavage step was irreversible and corresponds to the rate-determining step of the overall process in the reaction. Moreover, Arrhenius and Eyring plots and stereospecific studies using syn-substituted EC-D2 indicated that the transition state has a rigid structure and that the elimination of hydrogens from EC proceeds mainly via syn stereochemistry. Upon a change in the charge potential of Li1−xCoO2 from 4.5 V to 4.1 V, the rate of formation of VC decreased. PF6−, PO3F2−, and PO2F2− relating to LiPF6 promoted the generation of VC.
An evaluation of the practice of image-guided lumbar puncture
Authors: Dempsey Philip J. , Yates Andrew , Power Jack W , MacMahon Peter J. , Kavanagh Eoin C. 
Published: April 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical success and complication rates of image-guided lumbar puncture (IGLP) and to evaluate for differences in approach employed to help establish the optimum technique. Methods: A retrospective search of the hospital picture archiving and communications system was performed to identify all IGLPs that had taken place over a 5-year period. Radiology reports and the electronic medical record were examined to identify technical parameters and complications associated with each procedure. Results: The technical success rate was 96% (219/228). 69.4% (n = 161) had a previously failed bedside attempt. The rate of complications was 0.01% (n = 2). No major complications were observed. There was no difference in the rates of failure (2.4% vs  3.6%, p = 0.68) or complications (0.008% vs  0.012%, p = 1) between interlaminar and interspinous approaches. Conclusion: IGLP is a safe procedure with a high rate of technical success. Where a difficult bedside attempt is anticipated, it is reasonable to forego this and proceed directly to IGLP. Advances in knowledge: : This paper helps to confirm what is already assumed about a common radiological procedure. This is important as there has been a shift from bedside technique to most lumbar punctures being performed via image guidance.
A prolonged wait: The impact of COVID-19 on elective surgeries in India, a prospective study
Authors: Islam Heraa , Muhammed Mohsin Nazeer , Kapoor Aditi , Ehsan Muhammed , Shankar Gowri , Agrawal Raadhika 
Published: April 2023

Background: The continuing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a massive impact on healthcare systems all around the globe. There is no exception in the demographics of elective surgery also. Like any other medical professionals, surgeons and post-graduates are redirected to the management of patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected elective surgeries, surgeon skills, and post-graduate training. Methods: This prospective study was done among 320 participants through a 15-question online cross-sectional survey sent primarily to surgeons practicing in six states of India that were most affected by the pandemic according to recent statistics and also to surgeons in other states via email or other online messaging services. Results: In our study, the following observations were made: Patient/ patient attendant dissatisfaction in a reduction in the availability of hospital beds, shortage of medical oxygen and lack of availability of surgical implants. Conclusions: All these factors showed significant p-values with statistical significance, thereby indicating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare system and healthcare delivery. The pandemic also had a significant impact on post-graduate training.
A Lorentz variant theory that passes fundamental tests of special relativity and makes diverging, testable but as of yet untested predictions
Authors: Bischoff van Heemskerck Daniël 
Published: April 2023

Background: Tests of special relativity have been conducted over the past century with increasing accuracy and none have showed violations of Lorentz invariance. In this paper we will examine whether these tests are together sufficient to rule out theories that violate observational symmetry. Methods: A variant theory is outlined where relativistic effects such as length contraction and time dilation are purely local consequences of the relative velocity between a system and its medium. The outlined theory is tested against the fundamental tests of special relativity. Results: It is found that although this alteration does not align with the principle of relativity, it quantitatively aligns with the experimental results of the fundamental tests of special relativity and their modern variations, and makes diverging, testable but as of yet untested predictions concerning Doppler shift and time dilation. Conclusions: These results warrant a closer theoretical inspection of the outlined theory, and could provide a direction to test for new physics. A modified Ives-Stilwell experiment is proposed to test between this model and special relativity.
Functional tic-like presentations differ strikingly from Provisional Tic Disorder
Authors: Arbuckle Amanda L. , Bihun Emily C. , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Black Kevin J. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in new “tic” cases in teens and young adults. These individuals often present with fulminant onset of symptoms not commonly seen in Tourette syndrome (TS) and are often diagnosed with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FND-tic). However, some authors have questioned whether this illness truly differs from typical Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD) and TS. Previous studies have compared FND-tic, usually a few months after symptom onset, to patients with TS, usually years after symptom onset. We sought to test whether the presenting symptoms of FND-tic differ substantially from those in patients at a similar duration of symptoms who are later diagnosed with TS. Methods: This comparative study examines clinical features summarized from published reports of FND-tic with novel data from a longitudinal study of PTD. This study came from a referral center for TS and tic disorders and included 89 children with tics whose first tic occurred a median of 3.6 months earlier, nearly all of whom were diagnosed with a chronic tic disorder at follow-up. Specifically, we examine clinical features identified in a recent literature review as supporting a diagnosis of FND-tic, including symptom characteristics, course, severity and comorbidity. Results: Several clinical features dramatically distinguish the patients diagnosed with FND-tic from those diagnosed with typical PTD. For example, coprophenomena are reported at or shortly after symptom onset in over half of FND-tic patients, whereas even several months after onset, coprophenomena had occurred in only 1 of 89 children with PTD. Six clinical features each have a positive predictive value over 90% for FND-tic diagnosis if prior probability is 50%. Conclusions: These new data provide strong evidence supporting the diagnostic validity of FND-tic as distinct from TS.
T cell subsets, regulatory T, regulatory B cells and proinflammatory cytokine profile in Schistosoma haematobium associated bladder cancer: First report from Upper Egypt
Authors: Mohammed Sara Abdelal , Hetta Helal F. , Zahran Asmaa M. , Tolba Mohammed E. M. , Attia Rasha A. H. , Behnsawy Hosny M. , Algammal Abdelazeem M. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Mohammed Ahmed Qasem , Ahmad Alzahraa Abdelraouf 
Published: April 2023

Background
The function of different populations of the immune system in bladder cancer (BCa) is well established. However, the cohesive role of the immune cell profile of schistosomal BCa at systemic and tissue levels is still lacking, especially in endemic countries. The balance hypothesized between protumorigenic and antitumor molecules determines the prognosis of tumor progression. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of T cell subsets at both blood and tumor tissue, regulatory T(Treg), regulatory B cells (Breg) and proinflammatory cytokines in S. haematobium-related BCa patients in Egypt.

Methodology/Principal findings
The frequency of T cell subsets at both blood and tumor tissue, regulatory T(Treg), regulatory B cells (Breg) were studied by flow cytometry and proinflammatory cytokines by ELISA in S. haematobium-related BCa patients in Egypt. The results indicated a significant increase in the activity of T-cell populations, particularly CD3+, CD4+, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and a decrease in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the patient group. An increased proportion of CD19+CD24+CD38+ Bregs and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) was also observed. However, T-cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment showed a significant reduction in cancer patients compared to controls. Moreover, positive correlations were observed between the frequencies of Bregs and Tregs, suggesting the promotion of cancer progression besides their relation to the intensity of schistosomal infection.

Conclusions/Significance
Trapped Schistosoma haematobium eggs in bladder tissue might lead to persistent inflammation that contributes to immunomodulation and promotes tumor progression, as evidenced by the increase in peripheral T helper, Tregs, Bregs and serum tumor-promoting cytokines. Considering the role and integrated functions of specific immune responses in BCa could help future diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Soluble endoglin as a perspective marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a pilot study
Authors: Gorbacheva A. M. , Bibik E. E. , Dobreva E. A. , Elfimova A. R. , Eremkina A. K. , Mokrysheva N. G. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), one of the most common endocrine pathologies, is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases, in particular, those caused by endothelial dysfunction. Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction in patients with PHPT will predict the development of cardiovascular pathology and determine the optimal tactics for PHPT management.AIM: To evaluate the concentration of soluble endoglin and photoplethysmographic parameters as potential markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with PHPT.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center interventional single-stage study was carried out. 2 groups were formed. The first group included 50 patients with verified PHPT who did not have cardiovascular or other concomitant somatic pathologies in anamnesis. The comparison group included 21 healthy volunteers comparable in sex and age. All participants underwent a biochemical blood test (total calcium, ionized, albumin, lipidogram, urea, uricacid, glucose, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase), parathyroid hormone, 25 (OH) D and endoglin concentrations were evaluated. In addition, echocardiography, ultrasound of the brachiocephalic arteries and arteries of the lower extremities, as well as photoplethysmography were performed.RESULTS: The groups differed in mineral parameters associated with PHPT; no differences were found in parameters of lipid, uric acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Serum levels of endoglin were lower in PHPT patients (p=0.002). We found a negative correlation between the concentration of albumin-corrected calcium and PTH with endoglin (r1=-0.370, p1=0.003 and r2=-0.475, p2<0.001, respectively) and a positive correlation between the concentration of endoglin and phosphorus (r=0.363, p=0.003). These associations s were accompanied by changes in photoplethysmographic parameters that indicate an increase in the vascular wall stiffness.CONCLUSION: The serum level of soluble endoglin is lower in patients with PHPT than in healthy volunteers, negatively correlates with calcium and PTH concentrations and positively with serum phosphorus concentrations. Further studies will make it possible to establish the pathogenetic mechanism of the identified relationships and evaluate the role of endoglin as a potential predictor of cardiovascular pathology in PHPT population.